bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal stability of lignin in ground pulp (GP) and the effect of lignin modification on GP’s thermal stability: TGA experiments with dimeric lignin model compounds and milled wood lignins
Authors: Ando Daisuke , Nakatsubo Fumiaki , Yano Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
For ground pulp (GP) utilization in wood fiber composites as reinforced material, its thermal behavior is relevant. The contribution of lignin to thermal performance of GP from Pinus densiflora was the focus of the present study. Dimeric lignin model compounds and isolated milled wood lignins (MWLs) from three sources were submitted for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The temperatures leading to 1% weight loss (T per 1% WL) for the material were determined. The thermal stability of β-O-4 models was the lowest. Among the MWLs, the abaca MWL with its high β-O-4 content was the least thermostable. An acetylated nonphenolic β-O-4 lignin model compound showed that acetylation improves the thermal stability of this type of dimeric models. The acetylation of benzylic OH groups in β-O-4 linkages is especially relevant for the thermal resistance, which was also shown based on pre-acetylated benzylic OH groups in the GP before the total acetylation.
Knowledge and awareness of oral cancer and impact of pictorial warnings on the willingness to quit tobacco in young tobacco consumers in India
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Kumari Priyanka , Gupta Ruchika , Singh Siddharth Kumar , Sinha Shruti , Mehta Palkin , Chourasia Simran Kumari 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Oral cancer is most common cancer globally and is one of the most life-threatening conditions worldwide.

Aim
To assess the knowledge and awareness of oral cancer and the impact of pictorial warnings on the willingness to quit tobacco in young tobacco consumers in India.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 250 young tobacco consumers from Ranchi, Jharkhand. A pretested validated questionnaire was used that collected information on knowledge and awareness of oral cancer from the respondents. The responses were estimated on a three-point scale (No/Don’t know/Yes). p-Value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The majority of the respondents were aware of oral cancer (92.0%). Educational status was significantly associated with a good knowledge of awareness of oral cancer and its associated risk factors (p-Value <0.05). Media was identified as the main source for spreading oral cancer awareness (69.1%). The majority of the people were aware of the pictorial warnings on tobacco products (96.1%). However, the pictorial warnings seem to have a very low impact on willingness to quit tobacco by the respondents (20.0%).

Conclusion
Alternative strategies need to be employed by the government to motivate people to quit tobacco consumption. Dental health education should be provided and educational pamphlets should be distributed to create awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco consumption.
Coping and Pre-Licensure Registered Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Salinas-Harrison Danna L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite a wealth of information and growing diversity among nursing students, little is known about coping behaviors employed by these students or students educated in diverse environments. The aim of this integrative literature review was to examine what is known about stress, coping, measures of coping, and interventions to enhance coping, and in pre-licensure nursing students. Twenty-six peer-reviewed research articles were included. Stress, coping styles and behaviors, support, interventions, and instruments to measure coping were identified as key themes. Variations in coping were noted by gender, age, length of time in the program, and culture. Analysis of the literature illuminated the importance of support for students, and strong indications suggested educators play a pivotal role in helping students develop adaptive coping strategies. Nursing programs should consider incorporating coping instruction into the curricula.
Fallen Monuments: An Introduction
Authors: Dean David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This essay introduces the special section on Fallen Monuments. It explores the importance of monuments as one of the ways in which publics engage with the past and explains why they often become sites of debate and controversy. In addition to summarizing the five contributions that make up the special section, the author offers some reflections on the afterlives of monuments with examples from Canada and Poland.
The Destruction of the Monument to Humanity: Historical Conflict and Monumentalization
Authors: Özbek Egemen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The destruction of the Monument to Humanity caused a heated debate in Turkey about the relationship between political power and artistic freedom. However, parties in this debate failed, to a great extent, to address the genocidal past the monument had evoked, let alone to take responsibility for the denial of that past in Turkey.
Apples to Oranges? The American Monumental Landscape
Authors: Tebeau Mark 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Grassroots activism has pushed cities across the United States to reconsider Confederate Monuments. Historians have played an important public role in those discussions. To date approximately 100 such monuments, of the more than 1500 that dot the American landscape, have been removed. The Confederate monuments debate has lent support to the work of activists challenging a wide range of objectionable monuments. For example, memorials that commemorate individuals involved in settler colonialism and the genocide of Native Americans, including monuments to U.S. Presidents, are being reassessed. A broad-based reconsideration of the monumental landscape will require hard political choices as Americans reckon with their difficult national past.
The Limits of Iconoclasm: Soviet War Memorials since the End of Socialism
Authors: Gabowitsch Mischa 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
There is a widespread perception that the countries of the former Soviet bloc removed all or most communist-era public monuments soon after the end of socialism. Based on a number of heavily publicized instances of iconoclasm, this claim is wildly exaggerated. Focusing on war memorials, the paper provides an overview of cases of destruction and removal, starting in Soviet times. It shows that centralized campaigns to remove Soviet war memorials (as opposed to local initiatives) have been the exception rather than the rule. Thus the most recent Polish decommunization campaign is an outlier among post-socialist policies regarding such memorials. The paper also contextualizes cases of removal and destruction by mentioning other ways of dealing with Soviet war memorials, such as symbolic marginalization, artistic interventions, or new construction.
In Podcasts We Trust? A Brief Survey of Canadian Historical Podcasts
Authors: Picard Nathalie , Marsillo Cassandra 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this article, we highlight the exciting and growing historical podcast scene in Canada. We chose a variety of podcasts to represent the diverse institutions, communities and individuals who are telling histories through this medium. To represent popular history, we looked at Our Fake History a project that delves into historic mythologies and conspiracies. For the academic perspective, we looked at Active History, produced by Sean Graham of Carleton University, and at the museum-based podcast, Kitchen Stories, from the Jewish Archives of British Columbia, as an example of institutionally produced media. Community podcast The Nameless Collective and student-run podcast 3600 secondes d'histoire round out our survey. Each podcast shows a different approach to telling history, and allowed us to explore the issue of authority. Asking the question, “Can we trust historical podcasts?”, we examine how each podcasters establish their relationship to their audience, and conveys their expertise on the topics they discuss. Regardless of the perceived level of formal authority, from individual to institution supported podcaster, we found that trust was formed primarily through the intimate listening experience. Listeners are invested in keeping the podcasters accountable and therefore help produce trustworthy historical podcasts.
The Background, Development and Problems of Public History in China
Authors: Meng Jiang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article traces the origins and development of public history in China, from its roots in historical memory in pre-modern times, through its role in shaping the nation in the period of modernization, to the emergence of histories of everyday life and popular histories in China today. It raises questions about what is public history in contemporary China, particularly the relationship between popular and academic history and the formalization of the field as seen in new institutions and a new journal.
Politics of Memory and Cinematography in Modern Russia: the October Revolution and the Civil War
Authors: Isaev Egor M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the representation of the era of the October Revolution and the Civil War in contemporary Russian popular cinema. It describes the modern tools used by the state to create new images of the past and to reconstruct history in Russian popular culture. It also considers how Russian society has reacted to this official discourse.
Review of Russian Exhibits and Media Projects on the Centennial of the Russian Revolution
Authors: Lipilina Natalia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Russian Revolution of 1917 altered the fate and political landscape not only of Europe, but of the world. The article discusses the many exhibitions in Russia on the centenary of the Russian Revolution in major museums in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as in other parts of the country. In most exhibitions, poignant questions and conflicting memories put forth by different groups about the same events were strictly avoided, and many curators shied away from offering interpretations or making assessments as much as possible. What the jubilee year has shown is that the causes and consequences of the Revolution will continue to be studied and discussed.
Drug-induced optic neuropathy in a case of extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Rana Proteesh , Roy Vandana , Ahmad Jamshed 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report a 26-year-old male patient diagnosed with extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with reversible bilateral toxic optic neuropathy induced by the use of linezolid along with high-dose isoniazid. The case emphasizes the importance of recognizing toxic optic neuritis in patients on antitubercular therapy. Prompt recognition and treatment of such adverse drug reactions will reduce the associated morbidity.
Neuroprotective role of 6-Gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) against acrylonitrile-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats
Authors: Farombi Ebenezer Olatunde , Abolaji Amos Olalekan , Adetuyi Babatunde Oluwafemi , Awosanya Olaide , Fabusoro Mobolaji 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Acrylonitrile (AN) is a neurotoxin that is widely used to manufacture synthetic fibres, plastics and beverage containers. Recently, we reported the ameliorative role of 6-gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger, GRF) on the chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in rats. Here, we investigated the protective role of GRF on AN-induced brain damage in male rats.

Methods
Male rats were orally treated with corn oil (2 mL/kg, control), AN (50 mg/kg, Group B), GRF (200 mg/kg, Group C), AN [50 mg/kg+GRF (100 mg/kg) Group D], AN [(50 mg/kg)+GRF (200 mg/kg) Group E] and AN [(50 mg/kg)+N-acetylcysteine (AC, 50 mg/kg) Group F] for 14 days. Then, we assessed the selected markers of oxidative damage, antioxidant status and inflammation in the brain of rats.

Results
The results indicated that GRF restored the AN-induced elevations of brain malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels. GRF also prevented the AN-induced depletion of brain glutathione (GSH) level and the activities of Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rats (p<0.05). Furthermore, GRF prevented the AN-induced cerebral cortex lesion and increased brain immunohistochemical expressions of Caspases-9 and -3.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that GRF may be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of AN-induced model of brain damage.
Supply Chain Liability for Workers’ Injuries – Lessons to be Learned from Products Liability?
Authors: Ulfbeck Vibe 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
It is argued that supply chain liability could be based either on tort law or on contract law and – drawing on experience from product liability law – it is examined whether there is a basis for assuming that these two approaches might end up merging into one unified approach forming the basis of a new concept of ‘production liability’.
A Dangerous Method: Correlations and Proof of Causation in Vaccine Related Injuries
Authors: Rizzi Marco 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In June 2017 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) handed down a complex decision on the liability of vaccine producers. The reference for a preliminary ruling stemmed from a French case in which a hepatitis B vaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur allegedly caused personal injury to Mr W in the form of multiple sclerosis, a disease that ultimately led to his death.
All You Ever Wanted to Know About Adequate Proof of Causation in Tort Law
Authors: Green Michael D 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Proof of Causation addresses many contemporary and classical issues about causation and its proof in tort cases. This review explains the admirable depth, breadth, and scope of the book, along with the author’s assessment that would limit instances when the burden and standard of proof of causation are relaxed. In the final section, the review addresses the relative paucity of consideration by Proof of Causation of scientific evidence despite its increased importance in the contemporary toxic tort area.
Integrative Gene Selection on Gene Expression Data: Providing Biological Context to Traditional Approaches
Authors: Perscheid Cindy , Grasnick Bastien , Uflacker Matthias 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The advance of high-throughput RNA-Sequencing techniques enables researchers to analyze the complete gene activity in particular cells. From the insights of such analyses, researchers can identify disease-specific expression profiles, thus understand complex diseases like cancer, and eventually develop effective measures for diagnosis and treatment. The high dimensionality of gene expression data poses challenges to its computational analysis, which is addressed with measures of gene selection. Traditional gene selection approaches base their findings on statistical analyses of the actual expression levels, which implies several drawbacks when it comes to accurately identifying the underlying biological processes. In turn, integrative approaches include curated information on biological processes from external knowledge bases during gene selection, which promises to lead to better interpretability and improved predictive performance. Our work compares the performance of traditional and integrative gene selection approaches. Moreover, we propose a straightforward approach to integrate external knowledge with traditional gene selection approaches. We introduce a framework enabling the automatic external knowledge integration, gene selection, and evaluation. Evaluation results prove our framework to be a useful tool for evaluation and show that integration of external knowledge improves overall analysis results.
Synthesis and crystal structure of trans-tetraaqua-bis(3-(((7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-sulfonatophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)methyl)ammonio)propanoato-κO)zinc(II) tetrahydrate, C38H48N2O26S2Zn
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Pan Li-Wei , Qin Yong-Ling , Xie Yan-Jun , Zhang Peng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
C38H48N2O26S2Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.7219(7) Å, b = 8.0394(4) Å, c = 17.1968(8) Å, β = 92.210(4)°, V = 2171.97(18) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0395, wRref(F2) = 0.0951, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano-[4,3-b]pyran-3-carboxylate, C19H19NO7
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Qiong , Tang Qin , Xie Xian-Hong , Feng Jing , Hu Juan-Juan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
C19H19NO7, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.140(2) Å, b = 14.233(2) Å, c = 13.847(3) Å, β = 99.246(4)°, V = 1777.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0413, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0979, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure and photochemical property of 1,8-bis(p-tolylthio)pyrene, C30H22S2
Authors: Bin Wen , Li-Hua Xu , Na Liu , Zhong-Hai Ni 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
C30H22S2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.604(4) Å, b = 11.556(5) Å, c = 13.090(7) Å, α = 93.964(8)°, β = 93.209(8)°, γ = 90.619(9)°, V = 1145.7(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0497, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1295, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of rac-3,6-dimethyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-6-vinyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-indol-2-one, C15H19NO
Authors: Bai Yunli , Wang Yanhong , Li Xingyi , Xun Miao-Miao , Yuan Changchun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
C15H19NO, M = 229.32, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.9535(5) Å, b = 7.4037(6) Å, c = 14.5179(9) Å, α = 97.879(4), β = 93.543(5), γ = 116.785(5), V = 654.43(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0520, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1518, T = 173 K.
Sounding the Alarm: The Political Economy of Whistleblowing in the US Security State
Authors: Coyne Christopher J. , Goodman Nathan , Hall Abigail R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
What role do whistleblowers play in democratic politics? This paper answers this question by analyzing the political economy of whistleblowing within democratic political institutions. Democratic politics is characterized by numerous principal-agent problems creating significant space for opportunism. Whistleblowers help to resolve these principal-agent problems through the revelation of information regarding abuses of power. These revelations can take place internally, by taking advantage of channels to report abuse, or externally, by publicly revealing information. The latter is especially important where internal mechanisms for reporting opportunism are lacking. Whistleblowing in the US national security state is presented to illustrate this logic.
Chronic pain after bilateral thoracotomy in lung transplant patients
Authors: Petersen Pernille L. , Bredahl Pia , Perch Michael , Møller Christian H. , Finnerup Nanna B. , Nikolajsen Lone 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
The relative contribution of patient-related factors and intraoperative nerve damage for the development of chronic pain after surgery is unclear. This study aimed to examine chronic pain after bilateral thoracotomy. We hypothesized, that individual patient-related risk factors would be important resulting in an intraindividual uniformity of pain and hyperphenomena between the two sides of the thorax.

Methods
Twenty patients who had undergone lung transplantation via bilateral thoracotomy 6–12 months previously were included from the Danish Lung Transplant program, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, from October 2016 to August 2017. All patients answered questionnaires about pain in and around the scar, completed the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, and underwent bedside examination for hyperphenomena (brush- and cold-evoked allodynia, pinprick hyperalgesia) and pinprick hypoalgesia.

Results
Nine patients reported spontaneous pain bilaterally, five patients had pain on one side only, and six patients had no pain. Hyperphenomena were present on both sides of the thorax in 13 patients, on one side in four patients, and three patients had no hyperphenomena. The intraindividual uniformity of pain (p=0.029) and hyperphenomena (p=0.011) between the two sides of the thorax suggests that patient-related factors play an important role in the development of chronic pain.

Conclusions
The results of the present study provide support for the hypothesis of an individual predisposition for the development of chronic pain after thoracotomy.

Implications
Patient-related risk factors contribute to the development of chronic pain after thoracotomy. This result most likely can be transferred to chronic pain after other surgical procedures and therefore help us understand risk factors for chronic pain after surgery.
The Impact of Voting Advice Applications on Electoral Turnout: Evidence from Greece
Authors: Gemenis Kostas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A new aspect of electoral campaigns in Europe, and increasingly elsewhere as well, has been the proliferation of the online voter information tools, widely known in the political science community as Voting Advice Applications (VAAs). By accessing VAAs, users are provided with information about the degree of congruence between their policy preferences and those of different parties or candidates. Although the exact mechanisms have not been rigorously investigated, a series of studies across European countries, such as Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland have demonstrated a link between the use of VAAs and electoral turnout. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this growing literature by analyzing previously untapped data from Greece, extending the empirical literature to a country where VAA effects have not been investigated before. The analysis indicates that the effect of VAAs in Greece is marginal to non-existent while there seems to be no evidence of the hypothesized information mechanism which purportedly drives such effects. The paper concludes with suggestions that future studies of VAA effects on turnout can address in their design.
Zur Kontextualisierung der Unternehmenskultur als Führungsgröße international operierender Hotelunternehmen: Theoretische Fundierung und empirische Erkenntnisse
Authors: A.Gardini Marco 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der seit einigen Jahrzehnten zu beobachtenden Entwicklung der verstärkten Internationalisierung von Hotelunternehmen sieht sich das Management multinationaler Hotelgesellschaften zunehmend mit länderübergreifenden und interkulturellen Führungsaufgaben und Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Eine vielbeachtete Sonderstellung unter den Führungsansätzen nimmt in der internationalen Managementliteratur dabei die Unternehmenskultur ein, im Sinne einer normativen Steuerung internationaler Koordinations- und Integrationsprozesse. Entsprechend werden im vorliegenden Beitrag die Rolle und die Relevanz der Unternehmenskultur als Führungsgröße in der internationalen Hotellerie einer theoriegeleiteten Kontextualisierung unterzogen. Ziel ist dabei, den Zusammenhang zwischen den Besonderheiten der Hotellerie und der Unternehmenskultur im Hinblick auf das Management und den Erfolg multinationaler Hotelunternehmen zu beleuchten.