bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitation‐Dependent Circularly Polarized Luminescence Inversion Driven by Dichroic Competition of Achiral Dyes in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Yao Kun , Wang Zhentan , Wang Peng , Li Yang , Hu Liangyu , Cheng Yixiang , Geng Zhongxing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of stimuli‐responsive chiral cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) materials holds significant potential for achieving three‐dimensional (3D) anti‐counterfeiting and multi‐level information encryption. However, constructing phototunable CLCs systems with easy fabrication and fast response remains a great challenge. Herein, we exploit an excitation‐dependent CLCs (ExD‐CLCs) material by establishing dynamically photoresponsive dichroic competition between two achiral dyes: a negative dichroic dye (SP‐COOH) and a positive dichroic dye (Nile Red, NR) within a CLCs medium. The ExD‐CLCs exhibits a negative circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signal (glum=−0.16) at 625 nm when excited at 365 nm. Remarkably, under excitation at 430 nm, the CPL signal is inverted, and the glum value increases to +0.26. Notably, the helical superstructure and handedness of the ExD‐CLCs remain unchanged during this reversal process. The CPL signal reversal is driven by the dichroic competition between the SP‐COOH dimer, which displays strong negative dichroism in its open‐ring isomer form and silent negative dichroism in its closed‐ring isomer form, and the NR dye, which exhibits static positive dichroism. Leveraging these excitation‐dependent CPL properties, the quadruplex numerical anti‐counterfeiting using ExD‐CLCs is achieved.
Quantitative Formation of Octa‐substituted Cyclobutanes by the [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Stiff‐stilbenes
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Wen , Li Yu , Lu Mengxue , Zhao Wei , Ma Hongwei , Yang Xiao‐Juan , Wu Biao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe creation of new molecules with specific structural motifs is a primary goal in synthetic chemistry. In this context, cyclobutanes (CBs), the highly strained ring systems, are of great interest because of their wide applications from pharmaceutical chemistry to materials science. The [2+2] photocycloaddition is the most straightforward approach for CBs; however, access to fully substituted cyclobutanes presents a significant challenge due to the steric hindrance imposed by eight substituents. Here, we report an efficient synthesis of structurally unique, octa‐substituted cyclobutanes from stiff‐stilbene precursors, which is enabled by adaptable anion coordination through hydrogen bonding networks. The synthesized spiro‐benzocyclopentyl‐substituted cyclobutanes are confirmed by single‐crystal structures. DFT calculations indicate that these cyclobutanes have high ring‐strain energies (~20.1 kcal/mol) and can be completely converted back to stiff‐stilbenes. Such a reversible cycloaddition/reversion process offers a promising platform for applications in responsive and energy storage materials.
An optimized CTAB method for genomic DNA extraction from green seaweeds (Ulvophyceae)
Authors: Hossen Riyad , Courtney Myles , Sim Alasdair , Khan Md Abdullah Al Kamran , Verbruggen Heroen , Bringloe Trevor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPremiseSeaweeds are gaining substantial research interest, particularly for genomic applications, where high‐quality DNA is a prerequisite. Extracting DNA from these organisms presents challenges due to high levels of biomacromolecules resulting from their diverse cell structures. Existing protocols often lack versatility, leading to inconsistent outcomes across various materials and taxa, which highlights the need for a universal method for use with a variety of green seaweed samples.Methods and ResultsWe optimized the conventional cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol for green seaweed DNA extraction. Our method, involving an initial sample treatment, lysis buffer adjustment, and enzyme incubation alterations, outperformed the conventional CTAB and commercial kits in terms of DNA yield and purity. Notably, the protocol's effectiveness was demonstrated across various green algal materials and preservation methods, and was tested with downstream applications with satisfactory results.ConclusionsOur optimized CTAB protocol offers a reliable solution for high‐quality genomic DNA extraction from a wide variety of green seaweed samples.
Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Abatacept Plus Standard Treatment for Active Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy: Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aggarwal Rohit , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Song Yeong‐Wook , Shaibani Aziz , Werth Victoria P. , Maldonado Michael A. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SC) abatacept and standard of care (SOC) for the treatment of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) over 52 weeks.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III trial, patients with treatment‐refractory IIM received SC abatacept (at 125 mg weekly) with SOC (abatacept group) or a placebo with SOC (placebo group). A 24‐week double‐blind period was followed by an open‐label period to assess outcomes from continued therapy with abatacept and initiation with abatacept (placebo‐to‐abatacept switch group) from 24 to 52 weeks. The primary end point was International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies definition of improvement (IMACS DOI) at week 24. Secondary efficacy and safety end points were assessed.ResultsOverall, 148 (double‐blind) and 133 (open‐label) patients were treated. Baseline demographics were well‐balanced between treatment groups and disease subtypes. At 24 weeks, improvement per IMACS DOI was 56.0% for the abatacept group and 42.5% for the placebo group (P = 0.083); at 52 weeks, improvement was 69.8% (continued abatacept) and 69.0% (placebo‐to‐abatacept switch). The IMACS DOI rate at 24 weeks was greater in the nondermatomyositis (non‐DM) group (abatacept: 57.1%; placebo: 32.3%; P = 0.040) than the DM group (abatacept: 55.0%; placebo: 50.0%; P = 0.679). The observed safety profile was similar in both groups.ConclusionThe proportion of patients who met improvement criteria after 24 weeks was similar between abatacept and placebo groups. However, analysis by IIM subtype suggested there may be a sustained benefit of SC abatacept for patients with non‐DM subtypes.
Computational Investigation of Meso‐Substituted, Heavy Atom‐Free BODIPY Derivatives as Photosensitizers: Insights From TDDFT and Dynamics Studies
Authors: Banerjee Moumita , Giri Sandip , Anoop Anakuthil 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the structural and electronic properties of BODIPY (BDP) derivatives featuring meso‐substituted donors arranged orthogonally, leveraging Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD‐DFT). These deriva‐tives, selected based on experimental evidence of their quantum yield towards singlet oxygen generation, exhibit intricate excited‐state dynamics, transitioning from fluorescence to intersystem crossing (ISC), thereby presenting a promising avenue for applications in photodynamic therapy. Emphasizing heavy‐atom‐free organic triplet photosensitizers, with BDP dyes highlighted for their exceptional adaptability in photophysical characteristics, our analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the fundamental design principles governing such photosensitizers. Through a combined approach of static and dynamic calculations, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying the population transfer from singlet to triplet states, thereby providing valuable insights for the development of efficient photodynamic therapy agents.
White Dwarf Stars in the Big Data Era
Authors: Camisassa Maria 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhite dwarf stars are the most common endpoint of stellar evolution. Therefore, these old, numerous and compact objects provide valuable information on the late stages of stellar evolution, the physics of dense plasma and the structure and evolution of our Galaxy. The ESA Gaia space mission has revolutionized this research field, providing parallaxes and multi‐band photometry for nearly 360,000 white dwarfs. Furthermore, this data, combined with spectroscopical and spectropolarimetric observations, have provided new information on their chemical abundances and magnetic fields. This large data set has raised new questions on the nature of white dwarfs, boosting our theoretical efforts for understanding the physics that governs their evolution and for improving the statistical analysis of their collective properties. In this article, I summarize the current state of our understanding of the collective properties of white dwarfs, based of detailed theoretical models and population synthesis studies.
Impact of Thermal Electrode Activation on Electrocatalyst Performance in KCrPDTA/K4Fe(CN)6 Flow Batteries
Authors: Echeverria Talia , Bernasconi Francesco , Ziemiański Paweł P. , Reber David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractImproving electrode performance is crucial for increasing energy efficiency and power density in redox flow batteries. Here, we study the effects of thermal activation of carbon paper electrodes on the performance of bismuth as an electrocatalyst in high‐voltage KCrPDTA/K4Fe(CN)6 flow batteries. While thermal activation improves wettability and surface area, it also leads to the formation of large, agglomerated bismuth deposits that reduce Coulombic efficiency. Although bismuth lowers cell resistance and enhances voltage efficiency, it promotes parasitic hydrogen evolution depending on its morphology, underscoring the need for optimized catalyst deposition techniques.
To Eat or Not to Eat: The Donkey as Food and Medicine in Chinese Society from the Medieval Period to the Qing Dynasty
Authors: Liu Shih‐hsun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHumans and donkeys have had a closely interactive relationship throughout history, despite being two completely different species. How has Chinese society viewed the donkey in its long history? How have donkeys been used? And what kind of boundaries do people place on the donkey? This study has focused on the consumption of donkey in Chinese history from medical, cultural and legal aspects. All in all, considering food, medicine, and legal viewpoints, from the medieval period to the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), the question whether or not one should consume donkey depended on its characteristics, taste, texture, and the side effects, as well as whether the manner of consumption is consistent with social moral standards and its derived legal boundary issues.
Advances in cervical cancer: current insights and future directions
Authors: Xu Miaochun , Cao Canhui , Wu Peng , Huang Xiaoyuan , Ma Ding 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn alignment with the World Health Organization's strategy to eliminate cervical cancer, substantial progress has been made in the treatment of this malignancy. Cervical cancer, largely driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is considered preventable and manageable because of its well‐established etiology. Advancements in precision screening technologies, such as DNA methylation triage, HPV integration detection, liquid biopsies, and artificial intelligence‐assisted diagnostics, have augmented traditional screening methods such as HPV nucleic acid testing and cytology. Therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating HPV and reversing precancerous lesions have been refined as pivotal measures for disease prevention. The controversy surrounding surgery for early‐stage cervical cancer revolves around identifying optimal candidates for minimally invasive and conservative procedures without compromising oncological outcomes. Recent clinical trials have yielded promising results for the development of systemic therapies for advanced cervical cancer. Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs), and targeted therapy have demonstrated significant effectiveness, marking a substantial advancement in cervical cancer management. Various combination therapies have been validated, and ongoing trials aim to enhance outcomes through the development of novel drugs and optimized combination regimens. The prospect of eradicating cervical cancer as the first malignancy to be eliminated is now within reach. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest scientific insights, with a particular focus on precision managements for various stages of cervical disease, and explore future research directions in cervical cancer.
‘An Adult Who Protects the Child With an Umbrella’: Making Sense of Happiness and Unhappiness in Finnish children's Drawings
Authors: De Paola Jennifer , Hakoköngäs Eemeli J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTResearch into the phenomenon of happiness is often approached from the perspective of adults, yet the sense‐making practice around happiness may not be the same for all age groups. This paper explores the conceptions of happiness and its opposite, unhappiness, among children in Finland—ranked ‘the happiest country in the world’ for 7 consecutive years. Drawing from Social Representations Theory, we analyse how children (10–12 years old) understand happiness and unhappiness and how these conceptions are socially constructed in relation to each other. The research material consists of drawings and written narratives by 254 children. The results show that symmetry exists between the concepts of happiness and unhappiness. The social representations are constructed around five distinct themes, namely: Social relationships, the Environment, Material possessions, Well‐being and Performance. The underlying structure, thema, which guides meaning‐making around happiness, is based on meaning‐producing tension between feeling safe, supported and protected versus feeling unsafe due to lack of support and protection. The results suggest the importance of ‘positive safety’ as a ground for happiness, rather than an understanding of the concept based on the mere absence of threat. In other words, happiness can be experienced even in the face of challenges and hardships, when a sense of safety deriving from feeling supported and protected is being developed.
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Complicated With Vasculitis in a Young Male: A Case Report
Authors: Mulate Sebhatleab T. , Tasamma Abel T. , Fole Estifanos B. , Anbessie Zablon M. , Mengesha Merchaye A. , Muleta Raja T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHSV encephalitis is a common cause of sporadic fatal encephalitis, affecting persons of all ages. It is also a medical emergency because the prognosis is primarily determined by early treatment initiation, necessitating a rapid and accurate diagnosis. CNS vasculitis complicating HSV encephalitis is a rare phenomenon. We present a case of a 28‐year‐old right‐handed male patient diagnosed with HSV meningoencephalitis complicated with vasculitis, the challneges in the diagnosis and treatment response.
Combination Therapy of Albendazole and Praziquantel for Treatment of Cardiac and Multiorgan Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report of Novel Treatment and Literature Review
Authors: Najdaghi Soroush , Alizadehasl Azin , Abbaszade Narguess , Jebelli Seyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini , Davani Delaram Narimani , Aliabadi Azam Yalameh , Haghazali Mehrdad , Gloverdi Alireza Yaghoubi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCardiac hydatid cysts (CHC) are rare complications of echinococcosis, often presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of recurrent CHC in a 35‐year‐old male with a history of cerebral and pelvic hydatid cysts. Diagnostic imaging revealed significant cardiac involvement, necessitating surgical intervention. Postoperative management included a combination of albendazole and praziquantel, resulting in marked improvement during follow‐up. This case highlights the complexities of treating recurrent CHC and suggests that combination therapy may offer benefits in managing extensive cysts. Further research is needed to refine treatment strategies for such cases.
Anesthesia Management of Cold Agglutinin Disease in a Pregnant Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Ikram Jibran , Jackson Chase , Ayad Sabry 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCold agglutinin disease (CAD), a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), is characterized by hemolysis triggered by activation of the classical complement pathway. AIHA is estimated to affect one in 100,000 people in the general population; however, its incidence in pregnant women is unclear due to the scarcity of published studies. Here, we present the case of a 37‐year‐old female (G2P1102) who presented for a repeat Cesarean section. Her peripartum course was complicated by anemia (hemoglobin 7.9 g/dL, hematocrit 29.4%) attributed to cold agglutinin disease, necessitating the transfusion of 20 units of blood during this pregnancy. She had been receiving prednisone 10 mg daily for anemia. Cold temperatures can trigger the activation of cold‐reactive antibodies, leading to red blood cells agglutination (clumping together). Preventing hypothermia reduces the likelihood of cold‐induced hemolysis, which is the primary therapeutic strategy for cold agglutinin disease. Anesthetic management for the cesarean section was accomplished via spinal anesthesia, complemented by pain control through bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks. This multidisciplinary approach facilitated effective pain management while considering the patient's underlying condition.
Tricuspid Valve Infective Endocarditis Following Septic Abortion: A Case Report
Authors: Pradhan Rebicca , Shrestha Bibek , Dahal Agnimshwor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe case report examines a rare presentation of tricuspid valve infective endocarditis (TVIE) following a septic abortion. A 31‐year‐old female presented with persistent high‐grade fever, chills, and mild vaginal bleeding post medical termination of pregnancy. Despite initial management for septic abortion, including manual evacuation and antibiotics, her symptoms recurred, necessitating further evaluation. Diagnostic workup revealed methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and echocardiographic evidence of vegetations on the tricuspid valve. Treatment included targeted intravenous antibiotics and supportive care, but due to family preference, the patient was referred for advanced management. The report underscores the importance of considering endocarditis in patients with unresolved infections post‐gynecological procedures. It highlights the role of blood cultures and echocardiography in diagnosis and emphasizes prophylactic measures and sterile techniques to prevent such complications. This case exemplifies a critical need for prompt multidisciplinary interventions to mitigate morbidity associated with rare but severe sequelae of septic abortion.
Molecular Aspects of the Mechanism of NH3‐SCR on Tungsten‐Loaded Ceria from Modulated Excitation DRIFTS
Authors: Kubota Hiroe , Qian Yucheng , Mine Shinya , Toyao Takashi , Nuguid Rob Jeremiah G. , Buttignol Filippo , Ferri Davide , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTungsten‐loaded ceria is a potential alternative catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3–SCR). In this work, we carried out operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments using concentration modulation excitation (ME) coupled with phase sensitive detection (PSD) analysis to study key transient adsorbates on a W(10 wt%)/CeO2 catalyst. During NO oxidation, NO2 produced by NO oxidation is adsorbed on the catalyst, and the adsorbed NO2 (NO2ad) undergoes disproportionation to yield NO+ and NO3−, accompanied by consumption of the bridged OH groups on the CeO2 surface. During NH3‐SCR, NH3 adsorbed on a Ce4+ Lewis acid site (L‐NH3) reacts with NO to yield Ce3+ site, N2, H2O, and H+ (Brønsted acid site). A portion of the initially adsorbed L‐NH3 desorbs and subsequently re‐adsorbs onto the newly created Brønsted acid site, generating what we term B‐NH3. Consequently, the Ce3+ species undergoes oxidation, facilitated by O2 and H+, resulting in the regeneration of Ce4+ species as well as the formation of H2O. This oxidation process coincides with the depletion of the tentatively formed Brønsted acid site (B‐NH3).
A review on applications and challenges of carbon nanotubes in lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Tong Zhen , Lv Chao , Bai Guo‐Dong , Yin Zu‐Wei , Zhou Yao , Li Jun‐Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this review, the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs, including their usage as freestanding anodes, conductive additives, and current collectors, are discussed. Challenges, strategies, and progress are analyzed by selecting typical examples. Particularly, when CNTs are used with relatively large mass fractions, the relevant interfacial electrochemistry in such a CNT‐based electrode, which dictates the quality of the resulting solid–electrolyte interface, becomes a concern. Hence, in this review the different lithium‐ion adsorption and insertion mechanisms inside and outside of CNTs are compared; the influence of not only CNT structural features (including their length, defect density, diameter, and wall thickness) but also the electrolyte composition on the solid–electrolyte interfacial reactions is analyzed in detail. Strategies to optimize the solid–solid interface between CNTs and the other solid components in various composite electrodes are also covered. By emphasizing the importance of such a structure–performance relationship, the merits and weaknesses of various applications of CNTs in various advanced LIBs are clarified.
Development of Continuous‐Flow Reactions for the Synthesis of Anti‐Alzheimer Drug Memantine
Authors: Iwata Makoto , Furiya Yuichi , Ishitani Haruro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMemantine hydrochloride, a non‐competitive antagonist of NMDA‐type glutamate receptors, is known to suppress the progression of symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Possessing a characteristic adamantane skeleton as its core structure and an amino group at the bridgehead position, memantine was synthesized starting from acenaphthene. The synthesis involved nucleus hydrogenation of acenaphthene to perhydroacenaphthene, skeletal rearrangement of perhydroacenaphthene, nitration of 1,3‐dimethyladamantane, and reduction of the nitro groups to an amino group. In each step, continuous flow reactions were investigated to achieve continuous manufacturing of memantine.
A Kagome Lattice of Lanthanide Atoms in a 2D Er‐Directed Metal‐Organic Coordination Network
Authors: Moreno Daniel , Parreiras Sofía O. , Mathialagan Shanmugasibi K. , Tenorio María , Lauwaet Koen , Urgel José I. , Gallego José M. , Écija D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKagome lattices have attracted much attention due the very interesting properties they can exhibit, both from the electronic and the magnetic points of view, although much of the experimental studies have been reported on 3D metals or 2D nanosheets. In the past few years, on‐surface synthesis has allowed the fabrication of strictly monolayer 2D metal‐organic networks, many of them containing transition metals. In this paper we report the fabrication and the study of the electronic and magnetic properties of a monolayer 2D metal‐organic network where the nodes are lanthanide atoms forming a kagome lattice.