bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L‐Selectin Expression is Influenced by Phosphatase Activity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Beke Debreceni Ildikó , Szász Róbert , Kónya Zoltán , Erdődi Ferenc , Kiss Flóra , Kappelmayer János 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundAdhesion receptors have important role in cellular invasiveness and L‐selectin is a primary determinant in the binding of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to several glycated proteins on endothelial cells. We investigated L‐selectin expression on CLL cells and explored the mechanisms that lead to their shedding.MethodsSurface and soluble L‐selectin expression levels were studied by flow cytometry and immunoassay, respectively. Magnetically isolated B‐cells from patients and controls were investigated for total and protein phosphatase‐2A activities. Flow cytometry of permeabilized cells was utilized for the determination of phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (pp38MAPK) and surface tumor necrosis factor alpha‐converting enzyme expression (TACE).ResultsIn CLL patients elevated absolute lymphocyte cell counts, high soluble and low surface L‐selectin expression were observed. Similarly, TACE surface expression was significantly lower on B‐CLL cells compared to normal B‐cells. Both total phosphatase and protein phosphatase‐2A activities were also significantly lower in B‐CLL cells compared to normal B‐cells and we found a consequently higher level of pp38 MAPK in B‐CLL cells. Based on in vitro experiments a MAPK inhibitor could attenuate the phosphatase inhibitor's effect on L‐selectin shedding.ConclusionsThe lower phosphatase activity detectable in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, results in a downstream signaling cascade with subsequent reduction of surface L‐selectin expression and this effect is mediated by enhanced phosphorylation of p38MAPK and an altered TACE expression. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Broad Consent for Future Research: International Perspectives
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. , Harrell Heather L. , Saulnier Katie M. , Dove Edward S. , Fan Chien Te , Hung Tzu-Hsun , Nnamuchi Obiajulu , Obadia Alexandra , Siegal Gil , Knoppers Bartha Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the United States, final amendments to the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (“the Common Rule”) were published on January 19, 2017, and they will take effect on January 21, 2019. One of the most widely discussed provisions is that for the first time, federal regulations governing research with humans authorize the use of broad consent for future, unspecified research on individually identifiable biospecimens and associated data. Many questions have been raised about broad consent, including what effect it will have on research and whether it adequately protects the interests of research participants.There are lessons to be learned for the U.S. and other countries by looking to countries that already have experience with broad consent for biobank collection and with the storage and subsequent use of the biospecimens and data. This article describes how broad consent works in five countries—Canada (in Quebec), Israel, Nigeria, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom—and with different types of biobanks: national biobanks, federated biobanks, and regional biobanks. Evaluating the provisions and challenges of the broad consent approaches in these countries can inform policies for this increasingly used approach to biobank regulation.
Comparing RADseq and microsatellites for estimating genetic diversity and relatedness — Implications for brown trout conservation
Authors: Lemopoulos Alexandre , Prokkola Jenni M. , Uusi‐Heikkilä Silva , Vasemägi Anti , Huusko Ari , Hyvärinen Pekka , Koljonen Marja‐Liisa , Koskiniemi Jarmo , Vainikka Anssi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe conservation and management of endangered species requires information on their genetic diversity, relatedness and population structure. The main genetic markers applied for these questions are microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the latter of which remain the more resource demanding approach in most cases. Here, we compare the performance of two approaches, SNPs obtained by restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and 16 DNA microsatellite loci, for estimating genetic diversity, relatedness and genetic differentiation of three, small, geographically close wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations and a regionally used hatchery strain. The genetic differentiation, quantified as FST, was similar when measured using 16 microsatellites and 4,876 SNPs. Based on both marker types, each brown trout population represented a distinct gene pool with a low level of interbreeding. Analysis of SNPs identified half‐ and full‐siblings with a higher probability than the analysis based on microsatellites, and SNPs outperformed microsatellites in estimating individual‐level multilocus heterozygosity. Overall, the results indicated that moderately polymorphic microsatellites and SNPs from RADseq agreed on estimates of population genetic structure in moderately diverged, small populations, but RADseq outperformed microsatellites for applications that required individual‐level genotype information, such as quantifying relatedness and individual‐level heterozygosity. The results can be applied to other small populations with low or moderate levels of genetic diversity.
Cover crops and compost prevent weed seed bank buildup in herbicide‐free wheat–potato rotations under conservation tillage
Authors: Schmidt Jan H. , Junge Stephan , Finckh Maria R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Weeds are a major constraint affecting crop yields in organic farming and weed seed bank analysis can be an important tool for predicting weed infestation and assessing farming system sustainability.

We compared the weed seed banks two and four years after transition from conventional to reduced tillage in organically managed winter wheat–potato cropping sequences in two replicated field trials. Experimental factors were either conventional (CT) with moldboard (25 cm) or reduced tillage (RT) with chisel ploughing (5–15 cm). Dead mulch (8–10 cm), consisting of rye–pea or triticale–vetch mixtures, was additionally applied to potatoes in the RT system. In both systems, one‐half of the plots received 5 t (ha/year) dry matter of a commercially sold yard waste compost as an organic amendment. Furthermore, subsidiary crops were grown in both systems, either as legume living mulches undersown in wheat or as cover crops sown after wheat. Prior to sowing the wheat and after potatoes, the soil seed bank from 0 to 12.5 and from 12.5 to 25 cm was sampled and assessed in an unheated glasshouse over nine months.

The initial weed seed bank size in the topsoil was uniform (4,420 seedlings m−2). Two years later, wheat‐associated weeds, such as Galium aparine, Lamium spp., and Myosotis arvensis, were 61% higher on average in RT than in CT. This was independent of subsidiary crops used. In contrast, Chenopodium album, a potato‐associated weed that depends on intensive tillage, was reduced by 15% in the mulched RT system compared to CT. When RT was combined with cover crops and compost application, the seed bank did not differ significantly from the CT system.

We conclude that subsidiary crops, mulches, and potentially compost are important management tools that contribute to the success of RT in herbicide‐free cereal‐based systems in temperate climates.
Composition of Some Apiaceae Seed Oils Includes Phytochemicals, and Mass Spectrometry of Fatty Acid 2‐Methoxyethyl Esters
Authors: Knothe Gerhard , Steidley Kevin R. 
Published: February 2019

The seed oils of eight Apiaceae species, angelica (Angelica archangelica), anise (Pimpinella anisum), caraway (Carum carvi), carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus), coriander (cilantro; Coriandrum sativum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), dill (Anethum graveolens), and parsley (Petroselinum crispum), obtained by hexane extraction, are investigated for their composition. As is known for the Apiaceae family, the major fatty acid in all oils is petroselinic acid (6(Z)‐octadecenoic acid). Quantification of petroselinic and oleic acids is carried out with their 2‐methoxyethyl esters, resolving the overlap occurring for methyl esters. Linoleic acid is the second most prominent fatty acid, followed by oleic acid with lesser amounts of linolenic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Most of these seed oils contain significant amounts of specific phytochemicals, including anethole in anise, carvone in caraway and dill as well as angelica in lesser amounts, cuminaldehyde in cumin, and apiole and myristicin observed only in parsley. Minor amounts of three C16:1 isomers, Δ4, Δ6, and Δ9, are observed in all oils, thus appearing characteristic of these seed oils. The mass spectra of 2‐methoxyethyl esters are reported with a salient feature being the base peak in the mass spectrum of 2‐methoxyethyl petroselinate at m/z 84 compared to the usual m/z 55.Practical Applications: Knowledge of the composition of seed oils is of utmost significance for their use in all applications, food and non‐food. Typically, these oils are obtained by hexane extraction of the seeds. This work now shows that seed oils from the common Apiaceae family, which includes many food‐related species, contain phytochemicals, which often have physiological significance and are usually associated with other plant parts. Besides this, the mass spectra of the 2‐methoxyethyl esters of fatty acids as found in these seed oils are reported as these esters were shown in the past to be especially suitable for quantification. This information is valuable for verifying the nature of these esters.The seed oils of Apiaceae species contain a variety of specific phytochemicals. The most common fatty acid is petroselinic acid, with 2‐methoxyethyl esters known to allow quantification of this acid. The mass spectra of fatty 2‐methoxyethyl esters are reported.
Effects of feeding hyperlipidemia rats with symbiotic oat‐based frozen yogurt on serum triglycerides and cholesterol
Authors: Yang Ruishu , Wang Cuina , Ye Haiqing , Gao Feng , Cheng Jianjun , Zhang Tiehua , Guo Mingruo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIce cream is one of the most popular dairy foods in the world. But it has long been recognized as a high‐calorie food and may not be suitable for certain segments of the population. Oat‐based food products are considered as functional foods due to its rich β‐glucan. A symbiotic oat‐based frozen yogurt (SOFY) containing fermented oat, probiotics, and inulin (prebiotic) was developed, and its effects on serum lipids in rats were evaluated. The new product had 4.10% protein, 8.50% fat, and 2.10% fiber, respectively. Bifidobacterium remained 106 CFU/ml up to 8 weeks. Triglycerides levels of the rats fed with 30% or 35% SOFY were significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein levels of experimental rat groups decreased with increased SOFY, and the difference was very significant between group with 35% SOFY and control groups (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in high‐density lipoprotein between each two groups (p > 0.05). Hepatic cell cords of rats after administration of SOFY showed orderly manner and normal hepatocyte morphology compared with those of rats in control group. Results indicated that consumption of oat‐based frozen yogurt could lower serum lipids levels in rats.
A gene regulatory architecture that controls region‐independent dynamics of oligodendrocyte differentiation
Authors: Cantone Martina , Küspert Melanie , Reiprich Simone , Lai Xin , Eberhardt Martin , Göttle Peter , Beyer Felix , Azim Kasum , Küry Patrick , Wegner Michael , Vera Julio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOligodendrocytes (OLs) facilitate information processing in the vertebrate central nervous system via axonal ensheathment. The structure and dynamics of the regulatory network that mediates oligodendrogenesis are poorly understood. We employed bioinformatics and meta‐analysis of high‐throughput datasets to reconstruct a regulatory network underpinning OL differentiation. From this network, we identified families of feedforward loops comprising the transcription factors (TFs) Olig2, Sox10, and Tcf7l2 and their targets. Among the targets, we found eight other TFs related to OL differentiation, suggesting a hierarchical architecture in which some TFs (Olig2, Sox10, and Tcf7l2) regulate via feedforward loops the expression of others (Sox2, Sox6, Sox11, Nkx2‐2, Nkx6‐2, Hes5, Myt1, and Myrf). Model simulations with a kinetic model reproduced the mechanisms of OL differentiation only when in the model, Sox10‐mediated repression of Tcf7l2 by miR‐338/miR‐155 was introduced, a prediction confirmed in genetic functional experiments. Additional model simulations suggested that OLs from dorsal regions emerge through BMP/Sox9 signaling.
Caregiver burden and quality of life 2 years after attendance at a memory clinic
Authors: Park Min Hae , Smith Sarah C. , Hendriks A.A. Jolijn , Black Nick 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesWe aimed to describe (1) the burden and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) of informal caregivers of new patients attending a memory assessment service (MAS), (2) changes in these outcomes over 2 years, and (3) satisfaction with services.MethodsInformal caregivers of patients attending one of 73 MASs throughout England completed questionnaires at the patient's first appointment, and 6 and 12 months later. Participants from 30 of these MASs were also followed up at 24 months. Questionnaires covered caregivers' sociodemographic characteristics, Zarit Burden Interview, EQ‐5D‐3L, and satisfaction with services. We used multivariable linear regression to assess relationships between burden, HRQL, and caregiver and patient characteristics.ResultsOf 1020 caregivers at baseline, 569 were followed up at 6 months, 452 at 12 months, and 187 at 24 months. There was a small increase in caregiver burden over 2 years (effect size 0.30 SD). These changes were not associated with most caregiver or patient characteristics, except socio‐economic deprivation, which was associated with larger increases in burden at 2 years. Caregivers' HRQL was weakly associated with burden and showed a small reduction over time (0.2 SD). Most caregivers were satisfied with services, but caregivers who were not satisfied with the services they received reported greater increases in burden.ConclusionsIncreases in caregiver burden and reductions in HRQL appear to be small over the first 2 years after attending a MAS. However, the longer term impact on caregivers and those they care for needs investigating, as do strategies to reduce their burden.
Free posterior tibial artery perforator flap for 2‐stage tracheal reconstruction in patients after resection of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma invading the trachea
Authors: Liu Jun , Lu Dan , Deng Di , Wang Ji , Gan Weigang , Zou Jian , Chen Fei , Yang Hui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was conducted to explore the efficacy of using a free posterior tibial artery perforator flap (FPTAPF) for trachea reconstruction after resection of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) invading the trachea.MethodsWe retrospectively collected and analyzed clinical and surgical data from 14 patients who underwent tracheal reconstruction using a FPTAPF after resection of WDTC invading the trachea between August 2014 and July 2017.ResultsSatisfactory tracheal structure and functional recovery were obtained in 11 of the 14 patients. One patient had breathing difficulties after tracheostomy closure tests because of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve damage caused by disease invasion. Tracheostomy incision was not closed in 2 patients because they received postoperative adjuvant radioactive iodine 131 treatment.ConclusionSatisfactory tracheal reconstruction results were achieved in patients with resection of WDTC invading the trachea, indicating that a FPTAPF is a safe and reliable choice for management.
Early effect of the fear of terrorism on a hospital's emergency department use and on the incidence of cardiovascular events: A Turkish multicenter study
Authors: Hursitoglu Mehmet , Erdal Gulcin Sahingoz , Akdeniz Esra , Kocoglu Hakan , Kocamaz Nursel , Tevetoglu Isil Ozbas , Yucel Haluk , Harmankaya Ozlem , Guven Aytekin , Akarsu Murat , Tukek Tufan , Ozturk Guzin , Dogan Halil , Yilmaz Banu Karakus , Gunes Mehmet Emin , Kumbasar A. Baki 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundTo our knowledge, the early effect of the fear caused by terrorism on human health, especially its effect on the number of visits to medical emergency departments (EDs), has not yet been studied.ObjectivesTo observe the effect of fear from terrorist alerts on the use of EDs and on the rate of cardiovascular (CV) and/or cerebrovascular events.SettingIn Istanbul, Turkey, there was a terror alert on the weekend of 19 and 20 March 2016. In this multicenter retrospective study, we compared the data of patients from that weekend with those from the preceding and following weekends.PatientsA total of 12 324 adult patients' records were included in this study: 4562 patients in the first weekend, 3627 patients in the second, terror alert weekend, and 4135 patients in the third weekend.MeasurementsThe ED, CV, and cerebrovascular incidence rates of the above three groups were compared.ResultsThe rate of ED use was the least in the weekend of the terror alert; the highest rate occurred during the weekend prior to it (female applications decreased more [P = 0.03]). The medical center that was the farthest from the crowded central places of the city and from the place where suicide bombing occurred was less affected by the decrease in use.ConclusionsFear associated with terrorism may affect human health indirectly by preventing patients from reaching the necessary emergency healthcare facilities. This finding may be a pathfinder to decision‐makers in such extraordinary emergency conditions. Further studies are needed in this field.
Like mother, like child? Maternal determinants of children's early social‐emotional development
Authors: Behrendt Hannah F. , Scharke Wolfgang , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Konrad Kerstin , Firk Christine 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTSocial‐Emotional competencies evolve early in life. For example, early emotion regulation is learned primarily in the context of mother–child interaction, which may allow for maternal influences to shape children's social‐emotional development. The aim of the current study was to longitudinally examine maternal determinants of children's early social‐emotional development in a community‐based sample of first‐time mothers (N = 61, aged 22–39 years). Specifically, we used structural equation modeling to examine how maternal emotion regulation difficulties and subclinical depression directly and indirectly, through sensitivity and postnatal bonding, assessed at 6 to 8 months predicted child outcomes at 12 to 16 months. We found that mothers’ sensitivity predicted fewer social‐emotional and behavioral problems and that stronger bonding predicted fewer problems and more social‐emotional competencies. Emotion regulation difficulties were significantly associated with depressive symptoms; yet, when accounting for shared variances, both factors differentially predicted less positive child outcomes such that more difficulties indirectly, through poorer bonding, predicted greater delay in competencies, and more symptoms indirectly, through less sensitivity, predicted more problems. Current findings underline the significance of maternal factors impacting the quality of mother–child interaction for children's positive development. Potential implications for early prevention programs to support children who are otherwise at risk for negative emotional outcomes due to mothers’ emotional state postpartum are discussed.
Low Serum Levels of DKK2 Predict Incident Low‐Impact Fracture in Older Women
Authors: Rodrigues Ana M , Eusébio Mónica , Rodrigues Ana B , Caetano‐Lopes Joana , Lopes Inês P , Lopes Ana , Mendes Jorge M , Coelho Pedro Simões , Fonseca João Eurico , Branco Jaime C , Canhão Helena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere are currently no robust noninvasive markers of fragility fractures. Secreted frizzled related protein‐1 (sFRP‐1), dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1) and DKK2, and sclerostin (SOST) inhibit Wnt signaling and interfere with osteoblast‐mediated bone formation. We evaluated associations of serum levels of sFRP‐1, DKK1, DKK2, and SOST with incident low‐impact fracture and BMD in 828 women aged ≥65 years from EpiDoC, a longitudinal population‐based cohort. A structured questionnaire during a baseline clinical appointment assessed prevalent fragility fractures and clinical risk factors (CRFs) for fracture. Blood was collected to measure serum levels of bone turnover markers and Wnt regulators. Lumbar spine and hip BMD were determined by DXA scanning. Follow‐up assessment was performed through a phone interview; incident fragility fracture was defined by any new self‐reported low‐impact fracture. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze fracture risk adjusted for CRFs and BMD. During a mean follow‐up of 2.3 ± 1.0 years, 62 low‐impact fractures were sustained in 58 women. A low serum DKK2 level (per 1 SD decrease) was associated with a 1.5‐fold increase in fracture risk independently of BMD and CRFs. Women in the two lowest DKK2 quartiles had a fracture incidence rate of 32 per 1000 person‐years, whereas women in the two highest quartiles had 14 fragility fractures per 1000 person‐years. A high serum sFRP1 level was associated with a 1.6‐fold increase in fracture risk adjusted for CRFs, but not independently of BMD. Serum levels of SOST (r = 0.191; p = 0.0025) and DKK1(r = −0.1725; p = 0.011) were correlated with hip BMD, but not with incident fragility fracture. These results indicate that serum DKK2 and sFRP1 may predict low‐impact fracture. The low number of incident fractures recorded is a limitation and serum levels of Wnt regulators should be further studied in other populations as potential noninvasive markers of fragility fractures. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of Reciproc blue, XP‐endo shaper, and WaveOne gold instruments on dentinal microcrack formation: A micro‐computed tomographic evaluation
Authors: Uğur Aydın Zeliha , Keskin Neslihan Büşra , Özyürek Taha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of Reciproc Blue (RPCB), XP‐endo Shaper (XPS), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) single‐files on dentinal microcrack formation using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Twenty‐four mesial roots (24 mesio‐buccal and 24 mesio‐lingual canals) of mandibular molar teeth were prepared using RPCB, XPS, and WOG files (n = 8/each group). The samples were scanned with micro‐CT in the pre‐ and post‐preparation. Then, before preparation and after preparation cross‐sectional images of the teeth were evaluated to detect the presence of microcracks. For each group, the number of microcracks was calculated as a percentage rate. The data were statistically analyzed using McNemar at 5% significance level (p < .05). Dentinal microcracks were observed in 25.99% (2,103 of 7,813), 31.99% (2,482 of 7,758), and 36.66% (2,836 of 7,731) of cross‐sectional images of the XPS, WOG, and RPCB groups, respectively. In all the groups, all the dentinal microcracks seen in the post‐treatment cross‐sectional images were present in the corresponding pre‐treatment images. Within the limitations of this study, the XPS, WOG, and RPCB files did not cause new dentinal microcrack formation or propagation of existing dentinal microcracks.