bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive interaction of family medical history of cardiovascular diseases with hypertension and diabetes on the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases among older adults in India
Authors: Ahmed Waquar , Dixit Priyanka , Halli Shiva 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe present study aimed to examine the additive interaction of family medical history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and self-reported hypertension and diabetes on the diagnosis of CVD among older adults aged 45 years and above in India. A family medical history of CVD in individuals with hypertension and diabetes could identify a subpopulation with a higher risk of CVD.MethodsThe study used the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017–2018). The total sample size for the study was 58,734 older adults aged 45 years and above. An additive model was applied to determine the additive interaction effect of the family medical history of CVD with hypertension and diabetes on the diagnosis of CVD by calculating three different measures of additive interaction: the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attribution proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S).ResultsThe prevalence of CVD was higher among hypertensive individuals with a family medical history of CVD (18.6%) than individuals without the coexistence of family medical history of CVD and hypertension (4.7%), and hypertensive individuals without family medical history of CVD (11.3%). On the other hand, the prevalence of CVD was higher among individuals with diabetes and family history of CVD (20.5%) than individuals without the coexistence of family history of CVD and diabetes (5.0%). Individuals with parental and sibling medical history had two times higher odds of having chronic heart diseases and strokes, respectively than those without parental and sibling history. In the adjusted model, RERI, AP, and S for CVD were 2.30 (95% CI: 0.87–3.74), 35% (0.35; 95% CI: 0.20–0.51), and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.27–2.28) respectively, demonstrating significant positive interaction between family medical history and hypertension on the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.ConclusionsThe present study revealed that in the additive model, the interaction effects of family medical history and hypertension were significantly positive on cardiovascular diseases even after adjustment with potential confounding factors. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the presence of family medical history of CVD among individuals with hypertension and diabetes measured in research and clinical practice.
Smart medical report: efficient detection of common and rare diseases on common blood tests
Authors: Németh Ákos , Tóth Gábor , Fülöp Péter , Paragh György , Nádró Bíborka , Karányi Zsolt , Paragh György , Horváth Zsolt , Csernák Zsolt , Pintér Erzsébet , Sándor Dániel , Bagyó Gábor , Édes István , Kappelmayer János , Harangi Mariann , Daróczy Bálint 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe integration of AI into healthcare is widely anticipated to revolutionize medical diagnostics, enabling earlier, more accurate disease detection and personalized care.MethodsIn this study, we developed and validated an AI-assisted diagnostic support tool using only routinely ordered and broadly available blood tests to predict the presence of major chronic and acute diseases as well as rare disorders.ResultsOur model was tested on both retrospective and prospective datasets comprising over one million patients. We evaluated the diagnostic performance by (1) implementing ensemble learning (mean ROC-AUC.9293 and mean DOR 63.96); (2) assessing the model's sensitivity via risk scores to simulate its screening effectiveness; (3) analyzing the potential for early disease detection (30–270 days before clinical diagnosis) through creating historical patient timelines and (4) conducting validation on real-world clinical data in collaboration with Synlab Hungary, to assess the tool's performance in clinical setting.DiscussionUniquely, our model not only considers stable blood values but also tracks changes from baseline across 15 years of patient history. Our AI-driven automated diagnostic tool can significantly enhance clinical practice by recognizing patterns in common and rare diseases, including malignancies. The models' ability to detect diseases 1–9 months earlier than traditional clinical diagnosis could contribute to reduced healthcare costs and improved patient outcomes. The automated evaluation also reduces evaluation time of healthcare providers, which accelerates diagnostic processes. By utilizing only routine blood tests and ensemble methods, the tool demonstrates high efficacy across independent laboratories and hospitals, making it an exceptionally valuable screening resource for primary care physicians.
Real-time fluctuations in student emotions and relations with day of the week, time of the day, and teaching methods
Authors: Camerman Eline , Kuppens Peter , Lavrijsen Jeroen , Verschueren Karine 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThis study investigated the real-time variability of secondary school students’ academic emotions (i.e., enjoyment, enthusiasm, boredom, and frustration) in mathematics classes, examining their relation to the day of the week, time of the day, and teaching methods. Utilizing experience sampling methodology, the research captures the dynamic nature of emotions as states, providing insights into their situational dynamics.Methods440 students reported twice during their mathematics classes for a period of 10 school days on their real-time experiences of academic enjoyment, enthusiasm, boredom, and frustration. Additionally, their teachers indicated the teaching methods that were used on each measurement occasion.ResultsResults indicated students to have a more positive emotional pattern on Fridays (i.e., a “Thank God it’s Friday” effect) and Wednesdays, likely due to the anticipation of leisure time. Additionally, a “Frustrating Tuesday” effect was observed, while no evidence was found for a “Blue Monday” effect. Time of the day effects were less consistent, with frustration increasing throughout the day and boredom being higher in the afternoon, possibly due to postprandial somnolence (i.e., post-meal dip). Teaching methods differently related to emotions; during individual and group work students experienced more enjoyment and enthusiasm but also more frustration compared to whole-class instruction. During classroom discussion more frustration was experienced relative to whole-class instruction. Female students experienced less enthusiasm than male students, and higher ability students experienced more enjoyment, enthusiasm and less boredom than lower ability students.DiscussionThis study underscores the importance of considering temporal factors and teaching methods in understanding students’ emotional experiences in educational settings.
The role of root dynamics on the climate sensitivity of ecohydrological processes of over- and understory in a semi-arid groundwater-dependent ecosystem
Authors: Liu Qiyue , Barros Ana P. 
Published: December 2024

Plant roots connect belowground moisture with aboveground vegetation functionalities, making root plasticity critical for drought resilience. This study employs an enhanced land surface ecohydrological model, Duke Coupled Hydrology Model with Vegetation and Dynamic Roots (DCHM-VDR), to investigate how root dynamics affect vegetation adaptation under a range of climate conditions. DCHM-VDR features a moisture-driven root parameterization that simulates dynamic root profiles and hydraulic redistribution (HR). Applied to a semiarid woodland with groundwater-dependent mesquites and shallow-rooted shrubs, model results compare well against AmeriFlux tower data and capture observed soil moisture patterns tied to root water uptake, including mesquite’s dimorphic root profile and shifts in water source and the direction of HR. Accounting for HR lowers overall water use efficiency (WUE) by more than 50% in the dry season due to release of deep root water uptake to moisten dry soil layers. Dynamic root profiles reduce water demand by avoiding dry soil patches and utilizing moist layers with increased WUE, especially for shrubs. Mesquites with a dimorphic root profile show a 3-fold annual transpiration (Tr) increase from 183 mm to 629 mm/year and reduced HR/Tr from 34% to 6%, along with a small reduction of around 10% for shrubs, reflecting the importance of groundwater sourcing and the codependence of shrubs on mesquite for water stress resilience. Future climate scenarios were examined using the Thermodynamic Global Warming downscaled data. Mesquites and shrubs respond positively to wetter winters, albeit with opposite water use strategies in the drier growing seasons due to different rooting depths and HR modulation of soil moisture. Mesquites increase transpiration by adjusting root fraction, water uptake, and HR closer to the saturated zone, while shrubs reduce transpiration and increase WUE by 17% compared to a decrease of 13% in mesquite WUE under the driest scenario. The intertwined water use strategies of mesquites and shrubs expressed by the root water uptake dynamics determine ecosystem response aboveground under more extreme climate conditions, highlighting the importance of modeling root architecture dynamics and co-adaptive ecohydrological processes in predicting ecosystem responses to climate change.
BIRC5 as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in pan-cancer: an integrated analysis of expression, immune subtypes, and functional networks
Authors: Li Guoyu , Wang Yanghao , Wang Weizhou , Lv Guodong , Li Xiang , Wang Jingying , Liu Xiuyu , Yuan Daolang , Deng Shoujun , You Dingyun 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionBIRC5 (Survivin) is a crucial anti-apoptotic protein overexpressed in various cancers, promoting tumor growth and treatment resistance. This study investigates its expression across 33 cancer types and explores its diagnostic, prognostic, and immune-related significance.MethodsWe analyzed RNA-seq data from TCGA and protein expression data from the Human Protein Atlas. Expression levels were compared between tumor and normal tissues. Correlations with molecular and immune subtypes were explored using TISIDB. Prognostic significance was evaluated through survival analysis, Cox regression, and ROC curve analysis. The PPI network was constructed using STRING.ResultsBIRC5 was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues across 33 cancer types, with higher expression levels observed in tumors compared to normal tissues. The protein expression analysis revealed a similar trend. BIRC5 expression was significantly correlated with various molecular and immune subtypes in multiple cancer types. Survival analysis indicated that high BIRC5 expression was associated with poor prognosis across multiple cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). ROC analysis showed that BIRC5 exhibited strong diagnostic potential, with high AUC values (&gt;0.9) in several cancers. The PPI network analysis identified key interacting proteins involved in the cell cycle and tumor progression, further supporting BIRC5's role in cancer biology. Functional experiments in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) revealed that BIRC5 upregulation enhances cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while its knockdown suppresses these activities.DiscussionBIRC5 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple cancers. Its association with immune subtypes suggests a potential role in the tumor immune microenvironment. These findings support BIRC5 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Distinct IgE sensitization profiles in chronic urticaria: a comparative study with classic allergic diseases
Authors: Yang Xianjie , Li Shifei , Chen Anqi , Wang Huan , Deng Sisi , Ni Bing , Song Zhiqiang , Chen Qiquan 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionChronic urticaria (CU) is not traditionally classified as an allergic disease, but emerging evidence suggests a link to atopy. The quintessential marker of atopy is IgE sensitization, there is scarce information on the IgE sensitization characteristics of CU.MethodsTo investigate IgE sensitization characteristics in CU, and compare them with classic allergic diseases. We retrospectively analyzed the results of specific IgE (sIgE) and total IgE (tIgE) in CU patients, explored the distribution patterns of these atopic markers in CU, and compared these data with those of atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma (AS), and healthy controls (HC).Results1149 patients (396 CU, 411 AD, 101 AR, 139 AS and 102 HC) were included in the study. 33.1% of CU patients showed positive sIgE and 49.0 % had elevated tIgE levels, significantly higher than those in HC. Comparative analysis with classic allergic diseases showed CU patients had a lower sIgE positivity rate but no significant difference in tIgE levels. Gender and age influenced sensitization profiles, with male CU patients showing a higher sIgE positivity rate. The distribution of sIgE levels, allergen categories, and tIgE elevated levels range in CU differed from classic allergic disease. The concordance rate between sIgE and tIgE results in CU was lower than in classic allergic disease.ConclusionOur study reveals that a significant proportion of CU patients display IgE sensitization, suggesting a clear atopic background compared to the general population. However, the IgE sensitization profile in CU differs from that of classical allergic diseases such as AD, AR, and AS, characterized by relatively lower intensity of IgE sensitization. The underlying reasons for this phenomenon and its clinical implications in CU warrant further research.
Family physician service quality and sustainability: a roadmap for Pakistan’s healthcare sector
Authors: Saifullah  , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Mingxing , Maqbool Muhammad Qasim , Chen Feng 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe number of family medicine consultants has increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research on family medicine services specific to Pakistan remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore family physician services in Pakistan.MethodsTo meet the study goals, we collected data using snowball and purposive sampling. A questionnaire was used exclusively to collect data from family physician consultations. The data were examined using the SmartPLS structural equation model to test the study model’s reliability and validity.ResultsThe study findings showed that using resource utilization and allocation, utilization of technology, professionalism improvement, medical attention, cooperation, and caring were positively significant to employee welfare and assistance in family medicine services. These dimensions were also positively significant to community involvement and advocacy for the sustainable development of family medical services in Pakistan.ConclusionThe study concluded that effective resource utilization, professionalism, medical care, cooperation, and the evaluation of quality and outcomes are key factors in promoting the growth of family medicine services. These indicators may enhance staff satisfaction, community involvement, and family physician service sustainability.
The effect of rose damascene extract on anxiety and sexual function of breastfeeding women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Akbarzadeh Gohar , Abedi Parvin , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Mansurkhani Hossein Sadeghi , Fakhri Ahmad , Maraghi Elham 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundSexual dysfunction is prevalent among breastfeeding women.ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of Rose damascene extract on sexual function and anxiety of breastfeeding women.Materials and methodsThis was a randomized controlled trial. This study was conducted on 87 breastfeeding women who received either Rose damascene (n = 44) or placebo (n = 43) for eight weeks. The primary outcomes were sexual function and anxiety. A demographic questionnaire, and obstetric questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI), and the Spielberger questionnaire were used to collect the data. Chi-square test, independent t-test, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data.ResultsIn the intervention group, there was a significant increase in the scores of sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction, while the score of pain reduced significantly after eight weeks of intervention (p &lt; 0.001). The mean total score of sexual function prior to the intervention was 19.61 ± 5.02 and 21.46 ± 3.08 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. After intervention, this score was improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (25.21 ± 1.62 vs. 21.82 ± 3, p &lt; 0.001). The pre-intervention score of trait anxiety was 47.97 ± 4.68 and 48.44 ± 5.89 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, which was improved in the intervention group compared to the control group after intervention (51.63 ± 3.53 vs. 48.13 ± 5.57, p &lt; 0.001). Although there was an improvement in the score of state anxiety in the intervention group compared to the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (43.31 ± 6.41 vs. 44.30 ± 8.87, p = 0.397).ConclusionRose damascene could significantly improve the sexual functions of breastfeeding women. It also decreased the trait anxiety but failed to improve the state anxiety significantly. Using this herb is recommended to enhance sexual performance in breastfeeding women.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.irct.ir/trial/61375, identifier IRCT20211015052775N1.
Physicochemical property and microbial community characteristics of the casing soil for cultivating Oudemansiella raphanipes
Authors: Liu Jinjia , Qin Zhongyu , Wu Jinqiang , Su Jiao , Feng Pengcheng , Su Wenting 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundCasing soil is critical for the cultivation process of Oudemansiella raphanipes and promotes the formation of mushroom fruiting bodies. Therefore, reliable casing soil indicators are crucial for obtaining high yields of high-quality mushrooms.MethodsIn this study, soil enzyme activity, physicochemical properties, and microorganisms at five cultivation stages [namely casing (A1), mycelial (A2), primordial (A3), fruiting (A4), and harvesting (A5)] of O. raphanipes cultivation were evaluated in casing soils.ResultsThe results indicated that sucrase and catalase activities were significantly increased with increasing cultivation time (p &lt; 0.01), and the activities peaked [16.67 and 0.25 g/(g·h), respectively] at A4. Urease activity peaked [1.56 g/(g·h)] at A1, and it decreased gradually (p &lt; 0.01). Polyphenol oxidase activity was significantly higher at A2 [0.95 g/(g·h)] than at the other stages and was significantly lower at A1 [0.06 g/(g·h)]. Soil pH peaked at A1 (8.20) and decreased gradually (p = 0.003). Soil total organic carbon content increased significantly with increasing cultivation time (p &lt; 0.001) and was the highest at A5 (8.40 g/kg). The available phosphorus at A1 (0.40 g/kg) was significantly higher than those at the other stages (p = 0.004), and the available nitrogen at A1 (0.28 g/kg) and A3 (0.26 g/kg) was significantly higher than those at the other stages (p &lt; 0.001). The number and diversity of bacteria and fungi in soil increased gradually, and nine bacterial and four fungal genera were identified.ConclusionThis study offers soil characteristic and microbial community data for O. raphanipes casing soil at different cultivation stages, which could facilitate sustainable cultivation of O. raphanipes and reduction of live contaminants.
Multimodal monitoring of cerebral perfusion in carotid endarterectomy patients: a computational fluid dynamics study
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhang Jun , Lv Kai , Li Xiong , Guo Meiling , Li Chunling 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate postoperative cerebral perfusion changes and their influencing factors in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) patients by integrating multimodal monitoring methods, including cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), carotid ultrasound (CU), computed tomographic angiography (CTA), and computed tomographic perfusion imaging (CTP), with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) assessment.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study on patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis undergoing CEA at our institution. Pre- and postoperative assessments included CU, CTA, CTP, and rSO2 monitoring. Hemodynamic parameters recorded were mean flow velocity (MFV), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), rSO2, and cerebral blood flow (CBF). CFD quantified the total pressure (TP), wall shear stress (WSS), wall shear stress ratio (WSSR), and translesional pressure ratio (PR) of the ICA. Pearson correlation was used to analyze factors influencing cerebral perfusion changes. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for cerebral hyperperfusion (CH). The predictive value of multimodal and single-modality monitoring for CH was evaluated using ROC curve analysis.ResultsFifty-six patients were included, with nine developing postoperative CH. CU showed significant reductions in MFV, PSV, EDV, and RI of the ICA (p &lt; 0.001). Ipsilateral rSO2 increased significantly (p = 0.013), while contralateral rSO2 showed no significant change (p = 0.861). CFD revealed significant decreases in TP, WSS, and WSSR (p &lt; 0.001), along with a significant increase in PR (p &lt; 0.001). Pearson analysis indicated that change rate of CBF (ΔCBF) positively correlated with ΔPR and ΔrSO2, and negatively correlated with ΔTP, ΔWSS, and Δ WSSR. Multivariate logistic regression identified preoperative WSSR (pre-WSSR) and ΔPR as risk factors for CH following CEA. Combined ΔPR, ΔrSO2, ΔMFV, and pre-WSSR had higher sensitivity and specificity than single-modality monitoring for predicting CH.ConclusionCFD-based multimodal monitoring effectively identified cerebral perfusion changes and risk factors for CH in CEA patients, with superior predictive accuracy compared to single-modality methods. Nevertheless, further validation is necessary to establish its clinical utility.