bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The roles of macro and micro institutions in corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Authors: Pan Xin , Chen Xuanjin , Ning Lutao 
Published: February 2018

PurposeFirms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) behaviour is embedded in the institutional context. Under this logic, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the institutional antecedents of CSR, especially how two sub-national institutions – regional institutional development and industry dynamism – and their interactions affect firms’ CSR.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of 608 Chinese listed firms, with 2,694 observations made from 2009 to 2014. The data were collected from two sources. The CSR information was acquired from the CSR rating agency Rankins CSR Ratings, and the financial data from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database. Panel ordinary least squares regression was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that firms located in advanced regional institutions and more dynamic industries are more likely to engage in CSR. Moreover, macro institution, termed as regional institutional development, positively moderates the relationship between micro institution in terms of industry dynamism and CSR.Originality/valueOverlooking how the institutional environment influences CSR decisions limits understanding of firms’ CSR activities. This paper offers an institutional explanation of CSR and, in particular, investigates different levels of sub-national institutions and their interaction.
Tourism and gendered hosts and guests
Authors: Jeffrey Heather L. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis conceptual paper aims to contribute to the extant tourism and gender literature by highlighting a tendency towards the conceptualisation of gendered research participants as host or guest depending upon their nationality.Design/methodology/approachThe argument presented here is based on a critical review of literature concerned with gender and tourism, focusing specifically on studies that include participant voices since 2010.FindingsThe paper identifies a tendency in research on gender and tourism to conceptualise women and men from the West as guests and women and men from the rest as hosts. It is argued that working within this dominant framework can equate to an overlooking of many issues facing women and men globally; in doing so, it paves the way for future research and opens dialogue for important conversations on gender and feminist research in the academic field of tourism.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper aims to highlight a limitation in theorising rather than provide an exhaustive or systematic review of the literature. Future research trajectories are outlined.Originality/valueThe paper’s originality lies in the problematisation of commonly accepted terminology when conceptualising research participants in tourism and providing suggestions for future research.
Incorporating disturbance into trophic ecology: Fire history shapes mesopredator suppression by an apex predator
Authors: Geary William L. , Ritchie Euan G. , Lawton Jessica A. , Healey Thomas R. , Nimmo Dale G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractApex predators can suppress smaller bodied “mesopredators.” In doing so, they can provide refuge to species preyed upon by mesopredators, which is particularly important in regions where mesopredators are invasive. While most studies of mesopredator suppression focus on the response of mesopredators to human control of apex predators, other factors—including natural and anthropogenic disturbance—also drive the occurrence of apex predators and, in doing so, might shape spatial patterns of mesopredator suppression.We examined the role of fire in shaping the occurrence of an apex predator and, by extension, mesopredators and small mammals in a fire‐prone region of semiarid Australia. We measured the activity of an apex predator (the dingoCanis dingo); an invasive mesopredator it is known to suppress (the red foxVulpes vulpes); and two species of native small mammal (Mitchell's hopping mouseNotomys mitchelli; silky mousePseudomys apodemoides) that are potential prey, across 21 fire mosaics (each 12.56 km2). We used piecewise structural equation modelling and scenario analysis to explore the interactions between fire, predators and prey.We found that dingoes were affected by fire history at the landscape scale, showing a preference for recently burned areas. While foxes were not directly affected by fire history, a negative association between dingoes and foxes meant that fire had an indirect impact on foxes, mediated through dingoes. Despite the suppression of foxes by dingoes, we did not observe a trophic cascade as small mammals were not negatively associated with foxes or positively associated with dingoes.Synthesis and applications. Disturbance regimes have the capacity to shape patterns of mesopredator suppression when they alter the distributions of apex predators. Environmental change that promotes native predators can therefore help suppress mesopredators—a common conservation objective in regions with invasive mesopredators. The indirect consequences of disturbance regimes should be considered when managing disturbance (e.g. fire) for biodiversity conservation.
Excess weight in children and adolescents is associated with altered subendocardial blood supply among girls but not boys
Authors: Zaniqueli Divanei , Alvim Rafael O , Baldo Marcelo P , Luiz Sara G , Cunha Roberto Sá , Mill José G 
Published: February 2018

SummarySubendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) is a reliable index of myocardial supply‐workload balance. This study sought to investigate whether overweight/obese children and adolescents have altered SEVR and to identify which are the associated factors. This cross‐sectional study involved 789 individuals. Central haemodynamic was measured by radial applanation tonometry. Diastolic time was shorter (496 ± 122 vs 537 ± 140 ms, P = .014) and diastolic pressure‐time index was lower (2681 ± 412 vs 2814 ± 423 mm Hg seconds, P = .024) in overweight/obese compared with eutrophic girls. SEVR was lower in girls than in boys (1.34 ± 0.39 vs 1.48 ± 0.41, P = .018) but only among overweight/obese. SEVR may be affected by small variations in the temporal determinants of cardiac cycle.
Type II toxin/antitoxin system ParESO/CopASO stabilizes prophage CP4So in Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Yao Jianyun , Guo Yunxue , Wang Pengxia , Zeng Zhenshun , Li Baiyuan , Tang Kaihao , Liu Xiaoxiao , Wang Xiaoxue 
Published: February 2018

SummaryToxin/antitoxin (TA) loci are commonly found in mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and prophages. However, the physiological functions of these TA loci in prophages and cross‐regulation among these TA loci remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterized a newly discovered type II TA pair, ParESO/CopASO, in the CP4So prophage in Shewanella oneidensis. We demonstrated that ParESO/CopASO plays a critical role in the maintenance of CP4So in host cells after its excision. The toxin ParESO inhibited cell growth, resulting in filamentous growth and eventually cell death. The antitoxin CopASO neutralized the toxicity of ParESO through direct protein‐protein interactions and repressed transcription of the TA operon by binding to a DNA motif in the promoter region containing two inverted repeats [5′‐GTANTAC (N)3 GTANTAC‐3′]. CopASO also repressed transcription of another TA system PemKSO/PemISO in megaplasmid pMR‐1 of S. oneidensis through binding to a highly similar DNA motif in its promoter region. CopASO homologs are widely spread in Shewanella and other Proteobacteria, either as a component of a TA pair or as orphan antitoxins. Our study thus illustrated the cross‐regulation of the TA systems in different mobile genetic elements and expanded our understanding of the physiological function of TA systems.
High‐throughput, non‐invasive prenatal testing for fetal Rhesus D genotype to guide antenatal prophylaxis with anti‐D immunoglobulin: a cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Saramago P , Yang H , Llewellyn A , Palmer S , Simmonds M , Griffin S 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of high‐throughput, non‐invasive prenatal testing (HT‐NIPT) for fetal Rhesus D (RhD) genotype to guide antenatal prophylaxis with anti‐D immunoglobulin compared with routine antenatal anti‐D immunoglobulin prophylaxis (RAADP).DesignCost‐effectiveness decision‐analytic modelling.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsA simulated population of 100 000 RhD‐negative women not known to be sensitised to the RhD antigen.MethodsA decision tree model was used to characterise the antenatal care pathway in England and the long‐term consequences of sensitisation events. The diagnostic accuracy ofHT‐NIPTwas derived from a systematic review and bivariate meta‐analysis; estimates of other inputs were derived from relevant literature sources and databases. Women in whom theHT‐NIPTwas positive or inconclusive continued to receiveRAADP, whereas women with a negative result received none. Five alternative strategies in which the use ofHT‐NIPTmay affect the existing postpartum care pathway were considered.Main outcome measuresCosts expressed in 2015GBPand impact on health outcomes expressed in terms of quality‐adjusted life‐years over a lifetime.ResultsThe results suggested thatHT‐NIPTappears cost saving but also less effective than current practice, irrespective of the postpartum strategy evaluated. A postpartum strategy in which inconclusive test results are distinguished from positive results performed best.HT‐NIPTis only cost‐effective when the overall test cost is £26.60 or less.ConclusionsHT‐NIPTwould reduce unnecessary treatment with routine anti‐D immunoglobulin and is cost saving when compared with current practice. The extent of any savings and cost‐effectiveness is sensitive to the overall test cost.Tweetable abstractHT‐NIPTis cost saving compared with providing anti‐D to all RhD‐negative pregnant women.
Differences in Neuropsychological Functioning Between Homicidal and Nonviolent Schizophrenia Samples
Authors: Stratton John , Cobia Derin J. , Reilly James , Brook Michael , Hanlon Robert E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFew studies have compared performance on neurocognitive measures between violent and nonviolent schizophrenia samples. A better understanding of neurocognitive dysfunction in violent individuals with schizophrenia could increase the efficacy of violence reduction strategies and aid in risk assessment and adjudication processes. This study aimed to compare neuropsychological performance between 25 homicide offenders with schizophrenia and 25 nonviolent schizophrenia controls. The groups were matched for age, race, sex, and handedness. Independent t‐tests and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to compare the schizophrenia groups’ performance on measures of cognition, including composite scores assessing domain level functioning and individual neuropsychological tests. Results indicated the violent schizophrenia group performed worse on measures of memory and executive functioning, and the Intellectual Functioning composite score, when compared to the nonviolent schizophrenia sample. These findings replicate previous research documenting neuropsychological deficits specific to violent individuals with schizophrenia and support research implicating fronto‐limbic dysfunction among violent offenders with schizophrenia.
The effect of ad blocking on website traffic and quality
Authors: Shiller Benjamin , Waldfogel Joel , Ryan Johnny 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAd blocking software allows Internet users to obtain information without generating ad revenue for site owners, potentially undermining investments in content. We explore the impact of site‐level ad blocker usage on website quality, as inferred from traffic. We find that each additional percentage point of site visitors blocking ads reduces its traffic by 0.67% over 35 months. Impacted sites provide less content over time, providing corroboration for the mechanism. Effects on revenue are compounded; ad blocking reduces visits, and remaining visitors blocking ads do not generate revenue. We conclude that ad blocking poses a threat to the ad‐supported web.
The influence of non‐random species sampling on macroevolutionary and macroecological inference from phylogenies
Authors: Hua Xia , Lanfear Robert 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Non‐random species sampling is the rule rather than the exception in phylogenetics, but most phylogenetic methods to infer macroevolutionary and macroecological processes assume that the tips of the phylogenetic tree are either completely sampled or randomly sampled. In this study, we focus on extending the popular BiSSE framework to better account for non‐random sampling of species. The existing BiSSE correction (which we describe hereafter as the unresolved clade correction) cannot be used on trees with clades of more than about 200 species, or when lineages that originate near the root are not sampled.

We propose new correction that does not have these two limitations. To assess the performance of our correction relative to the unresolved clade correction, we simulate trees using a common sampling strategy in which representative species of higher clades (e.g. genera) are sampled to include in a phylogeny.

Compared to the unresolved clade correction, we show that our new correction gives less biased parameter estimates; has higher power but a slightly elevated false positive rate to detect state dependence in speciation and extinction rates; and is less sensitive to a failure to sample all extant groups of taxa. Over all simulation scenarios, our correction perform equally well under conditions where the unresolved clade correction is applicable and conditions where the unresolved clade correction is inapplicable.

Given that both our correction and the unresolved clade correction have their own advantages and disadvantages, we suggest combining the two corrections. This can be done by applying our correction to groups that exceed the size limit of the unresolved clade correction or to account for the uncertainties in the placement of the lineages that originate near the root.
Effects of spatial autocorrelation and imperfect detection on species distribution models
Authors: Guélat Jérôme , Kéry Marc 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in ecology and related fields. They are frequently adopted to predict the expected occurrence (presence/absence) or abundance over large spatial scales, that is, to produce a species distribution map. Two issues that almost universally affect these models are measurement errors (especially imperfect detection) and residual spatial autocorrelation.

We explored the effects of imperfect detection and autocorrelation in abundance models by simulating datasets which did or did not contain these two effects and analysing them with four different models that did or did not accommodate them. Specifically, we used a Poisson GLM as a baseline, an N‐mixture model accounting only for imperfect detection and two N‐mixture models that accounted for imperfect detection, but differed in their specification of spatial autocorrelation (CAR random effects vs. two‐dimensional splines).

In a case study, we then applied these models to Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus data from the second Swiss Breeding Bird Atlas (1993–1996) and validated them using an independent monitoring dataset.

We found that both imperfect detection and autocorrelation strongly affected the quality and the uncertainty of abundance maps, especially when they occurred together. Spatial N‐mixture models were well able to estimate the true abundance maps. Explicit modelling of measurement error and spatial autocorrelation can thus greatly improve the quality of SDMs and should not be ignored when producing large‐scale abundance or occurrence maps.
Heavy Episodic Drinking Trajectories Among Underage Young Adult Women: The Role of Feminine Norms
Authors: Iwamoto Derek Kenji , Corbin William , Brady Jennifer , Grivel Margaux , Clinton Lauren , Kaya Aylin , Lejuez Carl 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundHeavy episodic drinking (HED; 4 or more drinks in a 2‐hour period) in U.S. college women has increased by 40% in the past 30 years. This dramatic shift suggests that women are “closing the gender gap” and are drinking at rates similar to men. Multidimensional feminine norms, or beliefs and expectations about what it means to be a woman, are theoretically promising and gender‐relevant factors that may help account for within‐group differences in problematic drinking patterns among this increasingly at‐risk group. The aim of this study was to identify distinct developmental trajectories of HED among underage young adult women and examine the gender‐relevant factors that predict these typologies.MethodsGrowth mixture modeling was used to identify latent trajectory classes of HED over the course of a year (3 time points) in 700 underage (Wave 1, Mage = 18, SD = 0.32) young adult women from a Mid‐Atlantic university in the United States. Logistic regression analyses evaluated feminine norm endorsement, sorority status, perceived peer norms, expectancies, alcohol‐related consequences, and marijuana use as predictors of the latent trajectory classes.ResultsAbout 64.4% of underage women reported engaging in HED. Three HED latent trajectory classes were identified as follows: (i) High Risk, (31%) reported weekly HED over the course of the year; (ii) Monthly HED (33.4%) reported engaging in HED roughly once a month; and (iii) Abstainers (35.6%) reported no HED over the course of the year. The High‐Risk class reported significantly more alcohol‐related problems and marijuana use than the other trajectory classes. The multidimensional feminine norms of sexual fidelity and appearance were significantly associated with the latent trajectory classes even when controlling for well‐established correlates of drinking.ConclusionsHigh‐risk drinking typologies were identified in underage women, and these trajectories were related to feminine norms. Prevention and intervention programs targeting gender‐relevant factors may help reduce problematic drinking and marijuana use among underage women engaging in problematic patterns of drinking.
Differences in the Temporal Typology of Alcohol Hangover
Authors: Verster Joris C. , van Schrojenstein Lantman Marith , Mackus Marlou , van de Loo Aurora J.A.E. , Garssen Johan , Scholey Andrew 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAt a group level, hangover severity during the day has been described to follow an inverted U‐shaped curve, with gradually increasing severity scores that, after reaching a peak, gradually decrease toward zero. The aim of this study was to examine if and how individual drinkers' hangover severity scores vary during the day.MethodsData from a survey (Penning et al., ) in which 727 drinkers reported on their latest alcohol hangover were reanalyzed. The temporal pattern of each individual's hangover was first categorized as belonging to 1 of 6 types based on predefined temporal characteristics.ResultsThree dominant hangover patterns emerged as comprising more than 95% of the sample: (i) a continuous decline hangover (Severity Type 1 hangover, 54.5%), (ii) a steady state hangover (Severity Type 2 hangover, 19.1%), and (iii) an inverted U‐shaped curve hangover (Severity Type 3 hangover, 21.8%). Of these 3 patterns, Severity Type 2 hangovers are associated with significantly less alcohol consumption and with having the lowest severity scores of individual hangover symptoms. Severity Type 1 hangovers are associated with having the highest severity of individual hangover symptoms. In line with significantly lower levels of alcohol consumption, Severity Type 2 hangovers were significantly more often observed in women when compared to men. Severity Type 1 hangovers were significantly more common in men than in women. Severity Type 3 hangovers, characterized by the increased presence of gastrointestinal complaints, were equally commonly experienced in men and women.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the temporal pattern of hangover severity can follow marked interindividual variability. Three common temporal patterns were identified, which are uniquely related to the amount of alcohol consumed and the presence and severity of different individual hangover symptoms. Better understanding of individual differences in hangover typology may help to delineate mechanisms underlying alcohol hangover.
Sex differences in binge‐like EtOH drinking, corticotropin‐releasing hormone and corticosterone: effects of β‐endorphin
Authors: Nentwig Todd B. , Wilson Diane E. , Rhinehart Erin M. , Grisel Judith E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBinge drinking is an increasingly common pattern of risky use associated with numerous health problems, including alcohol use disorders. Because low basal plasma levels of β‐endorphin (β‐E) and an increased β‐E response to alcohol are evident in genetically at‐risk human populations, this peptide is thought to contribute to the susceptibility for disordered drinking. Animal models suggest that the effect of β‐E on consumption may be sex‐dependent. Here, we studied binge‐like EtOH consumption in transgenic mice possessing varying levels of β‐E: wild‐type controls with 100% of the peptide (β‐E +/+), heterozygous mice constitutively modified to possess 50% of wild‐type levels (β‐E +/−) and mice entirely lacking the capacity to synthesize β‐E (−/−). These three genotypes and both sexes were evaluated in a 4‐day, two‐bottle choice, drinking in the dark paradigm with limited access to 20% EtOH. β‐E deficiency determined sexually divergent patterns of drinking in that β‐E −/− female mice drank more than their wild‐type counterparts, an effect not observed in male mice. β‐E −/− female mice also displayed elevated basal anxiety, plasma corticosterone and corticotropin‐releasing hormone mRNA in the extended amygdala, and all of these were normalized by EtOH self‐administration. These data suggest that a heightened risk for excessive EtOH consumption in female mice is related to the drug's ability to ameliorate an overactive anxiety/stress‐like state. Taken together, our study highlights a critical impact of sex on neuropeptide regulation of EtOH consumption.
Positive Return–Volatility Correlation and Short Sale Constraints: Evidence from the Chinese Market
Authors: Wu Liang , Luo Hong , Fu Zhiming 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe market price is a convex function of information when short sales are constrained. Borrowing constraints limit investors to bidding up the price. The two effects imply an asymmetric return–volatility correlation (RVC) when information shifts. We build a model to show that: (i) short selling decreases RVC, while margin trading increases RVC; (ii) RVC increases with disagreement; and (iii) RVC increases with returns. The Chinese stock market is ideal for the empirical test because only certain stocks are eligible for short selling and margin trading in the slow policy adoption process. We obtain evidence to support the theoretical predictions correlation.