bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Meningitis
Authors: Thakur Kiran T. , Wilson Michael R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach (including the use of novel diagnostic platforms), and treatment of select infectious and noninfectious etiologies of chronic meningitis.

RECENT FINDINGS
Identification of the etiology of chronic meningitis remains challenging, with no cause identified in at least one-third of cases. Often, several serologic, CSF, and neuroimaging studies are indicated, although novel diagnostic platforms including metagenomic deep sequencing may hold promise for identifying organisms. Infectious etiologies are more common in those at risk for disseminated disease, specifically those who are immunocompromised because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplantation, or immunosuppressant medications. An important step in identifying the etiology of chronic meningitis is assembling a multidisciplinary team of individuals, including those with specialized expertise in ophthalmology, dermatology, rheumatology, and infectious diseases, to provide guidance regarding diagnostic procedures.

SUMMARY
Chronic meningitis is defined as inflammation involving the meninges that lasts at least 4 weeks and is associated with a CSF pleocytosis. Chronic meningitis has numerous possible infectious and noninfectious etiologies, making it challenging to definitively diagnose patients. Therefore, a multifaceted approach that combines history, physical examination, neuroimaging, and laboratory analysis, including novel diagnostic platforms, is needed. This article focuses on key aspects of the evaluation of and approach to patients with chronic meningitis. Specific infectious etiologies and differential diagnoses of subacute and chronic meningitis, including noninfectious etiologies, are addressed.
Role of Relative Malnutrition in Exercise Hypogonadal Male Condition
Authors: ZEKARIAS KIDMEALEM , SHRESTHA RUPENDRA T. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Exercise hypogonadal male condition is a well-recognized condition in women but much less understood in men. The aim of this case report is to highlight exercise-induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a male who recovered with lifestyle modifications.

Methods
We report a case of an adolescent male who developed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to excessive exercise and malnutrition that was followed up for a year without exogenous testosterone supplementation. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for his information to be used in a manuscript submitted to a journal.

Results
An 18-yr-old adolescent male presented to the clinic with symptoms of fatigue and low endurance, low libido, and lack of morning erections. At the time of his presentation, he was running about 60 miles per week for school cross-country team in addition to cross training with kickboxing. Physical examination was remarkable for low body mass index of 19 kg·m−2 but was otherwise normal. Biochemical workup confirmed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and a mild pancytopenia. Other pituitary laboratory values and MRI of the brain were unremarkable. Bone marrow biopsy performed for anemia showed features consistent with malnutrition. With a working diagnosis of exercise hypogonadal male condition, he was advised to reduce the frequency and intensity of his exercise and increase calorie intake. Cell counts and testosterone levels normalized, and his symptoms resolved without any further interventions.

Conclusion
Significant reversible hypogonadism can develop after intensive and prolonged exercise. One of the mechanisms of hypogonadism in endurance athletes performing intensive exercise could be relative malnutrition. Further studies to evaluate the role of nutrition and body mass index in male endurance athletes presenting with hypogonadism are needed to identify the underlying mechanism of this condition.
Effects of Napping on Alertness, Cognitive, and Physical Outcomes of Karate Athletes
Authors: DAALOUL HOUDA , SOUISSI NIZAR , DAVENNE DAMIEN 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
It has been suggested that napping is the best recovery strategy for athletes. However, researches on the impacts of napping on athletic performances are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 30-min nap after a partial sleep deprivation, or a normal night condition, on alertness, fatigue, and cognitive and physical outcomes.

Methods
Thirteen national-level male karate athletes were randomized to experience nap and no-nap conditions, after either a reference or a partial sleep deprivation night. The nap lasted 30 min at 1:00 pm. The postnap testing session started at 2:00 pm by quantifying subjective alertness and fatigue. Cognitive and physical performances were respectively measured before and after the karate-specific test (KST) by simple reaction time (SRT) test, lower reaction test (LRT), mental rotation test (MRT), squat jump (SJ), and counter movement jump (CMJ) tests.

Results
After a reference night, the nap improved alertness and cognitive outcomes (SRT, LRT, and MRT). No effects on subjective fatigue and physical performances were found. After a partial-sleep deprivation, the nap restored subjective alertness and the decrement in performances caused by sleep loss in most of the tests (MRT, LRT, and KST), but no effects were observed in subjective fatigue and CMJ. After the fatigue induced by KST, there was an ergogenic effect of the nap on the physical performances (CMJ and SJ), and a partial psychogenic effect on the cognitive performances (LRT).

Conclusions
A 30-min nap enhances cognitive outcomes. It is also an effective strategy to overcome the cognitive and physical deteriorations in performances caused either by sleep loss or by fatigue induced by exhaustive trainings in the afternoon.
Health-related Outcomes after a Youth Sport–related Knee Injury
Authors: WHITTAKER JACKIE L. , TOOMEY CLODAGH M. , NETTEL-AGUIRRE ALBERTO , JAREMKO JACOB L. , DOYLE-BAKER PATRICIA K. , WOODHOUSE LINDA J. , EMERY CAROLYN A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeActive youth are vulnerable to knee injury and subsequent osteoarthritis. Improved understanding of the association between health-related outcomes and history of joint injury could inform osteoarthritis prevention strategies. The purpose of this historical cohort study is to examine the association between youth sport–related knee injury and various clinical, physiological, behavioral, and functional health-related outcomes, 3–10 yr postinjury.MethodsParticipants included 100 individuals who experienced a youth sport–related knee injury 3–10 yr earlier and 100 age-, sex-, and sport-matched uninjured controls. Outcomes include the following: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain Score, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), weekly physical activity, estimated aerobic capacity, hip and knee muscle strength, and dynamic balance. Baseline characteristics were described. Multivariable regression models (95% confidence interval [CI]) were used to evaluate the association between injury history and each outcome, considering the influence of sex and time since injury.ResultsParticipant median age was 22 yr (range, 15–26 yr), and 55% were female. The injured group demonstrated poorer KOOS subscale scores, more total and intermittent pain, higher BMI (1.8 kg·m−2; 95% CI = 0.9–2.6), higher FMI (1.1 kg·m−2; 95% CI = 0.5–1.6), weaker knee extensor (−0.18 N·m·kg−1; 95% CI = −0.33 to −0.02) and flexor (−0.21 N·m·kg−1; 95% CI = −0.30 to −0.11) muscles, and poorer balance than controls. In the previously injured group, female sex was associated with poorer KOOS quality-of-life scores, knee flexor strength, and greater FMI, whereas longer time since injury was associated with poorer KOOS symptoms scores, knee extensor strength, and balance outcomes.ConclusionYouth that suffer a sport-related knee injury demonstrate on average more negative health-related outcomes consistent with future osteoarthritis compared with uninjured matched controls 3–10 yr after injury. These negative outcomes differ by sex and time since injury.
Survival of the Fastest: The Multivariate Optimization of Performance Phenotypes
Authors: CALSBEEK RYAN , CAREAU VINCENT 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Trade-offs are widespread in biological systems. Any investment in one trait must necessarily limit the investment in other traits. Still, many studies of physiological performance produce positive correlations between traits that are expected to trade-off with one another. Here we investigate why predicted trade-offs may often go unmeasured in studies of human athletes.

Methods
Triathletes compete in consecutive swimming, cycling, and running events as a single competition, events whose physical demands may be especially prone to generating performance trade-offs. Performance variation in these three events interacts to explain overall variation in athletic performance.

Results
We show that individual variation in athletic performance can mask trade-offs among disciplines, giving the impression that high-performance triathletes are athletic generalists. Covariance in race performance across the three disciplines was positive in the most elite athletes but became increasingly negative as race times increased.

Conclusions
These performance trade-offs among the disciplines preclude the realization of a generalist athlete except in the most elite triathletes, a result similar to the “big houses, big cars” phenomenon in life history evolution. This distinction between trait combinations that are favored for optimal performance versus constrained by trade-offs was only apparent when accounting for individual level variation in athletic performance. Our results provide further evidence that meaningful trade-offs may be missed if individual variation in quality is disregarded.
Aortic valvular imaging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance: seeking for comprehensiveness
Authors: De Rubeis Gianluca , Galea Nicola , Ceravolo Isabella , Dacquino Gian Marco , Carbone Iacopo , Catalano Carlo , Francone Marco 
Published: October 2018

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has an emerging role in aortic valve disease evaluation, becoming an all-in-one technique. CMR evaluation of the anatomy and flow through the aortic valve has a higher reproducibility than echocardiography. Its unique ability of in vivo myocardial tissue characterization, significantly improves the risk stratification and management of patients. In addition, CMR is equivalent to cardiac CT angiography for trans-aortic valvular implantation and surgical aortic valve replacement planning; on the other hand, its role in the evaluation of ventricular function improving and post-treatment complications is undisputed. This review encompasses the existing literature regarding the role of CMR in aortic valve disease, exploring all the aspects of the disease, from diagnosis to prognosis.
So, who wants to be here? A survey of patients’ motives for seeking psychotherapy services and their expected un-involvement in therapy
Authors: Ogrodniczuk John , Kealy David , Laverdière Olivier , Joyce Anthony 
Published: October 2018

Aim of the studyThe motives that bring people to psychotherapy vary widely; while some people come on their own volition, others may not care to be in psychotherapy at all, but feel compelled to seek services because of external pressures. A patient’s motivation for therapy is believed to influence the likelihood of becoming actively and meaningfully involved in the work of psychotherapy.Subject or material and methodsWe surveyed 343 consecutively admitted psychiatric outpatients from three large, urban psychotherapy clinics about their motives (internal vs external) for seeking psychotherapy and their expected (lack of) involvement in the work of therapy.ResultsWhile most patients appear to come for therapy on their own volition (76%), a significant proportion also feel compelled to seek services because of external pressures (38%).DiscussionThe more patients were motivated by external forces to seek treatment, the more disinclined they were to become engaged in the work of therapy; greater endorsement of internal motives was associated with reduced unwillingness to work in therapy.ConclusionsExternally motivated patients may be particularly doubtful about the relevance and/or success of therapy and may require preparatory work to help instil a sense of hope and investment in the treatment process.
Factor structure and reliability of the Personality Belief Questionnaire in Argentina
Authors: Moretti Luciana , Domínguez-Lara Sergio , Trógolo Mario , Conn Hanne , Medrano Leonardo 
Published: October 2018

Aim of the studyTo examine the validity and reliability of the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ) in Argentina.Subject or material and methodsA forward translation of PBQ from English to Spanish was carried out by two independent bilingual translators. An expert committee subsequently compared the translations with the original PBQ and a final version was derived by consensus. Then, internal structure and internal consistency of Argentinean version of PBQ were evaluated using a convenience sample of 402 individuals drawn from clinical (25%) and general (75%) population of Cordoba, Argentina. To test the internal structure a Procrustes rotation with target matrices and Tucker’s congruence coefficients were used. Cronbach’s alpha and confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the internal consistency.ResultsFindings showed that seven of the nine PBQ scales were replicable: avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic, paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal. Antisocial and narcissistic scales revealed little discrimination between them. Reliability analysis indicated acceptable to high internal consistency for all PBQ scales, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from .75 for avoidant and antisocial to .90 for paranoid.DiscussionResults support the validity and reliability of the PBQ in Argentina, providing with a practical assessment tool for dysfunctional beliefs associated to personality disorders that can be applied with clinical and research purposes.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties of the PBQ in Argentina are satisfactory. However, additional study assessing the external validity is warranted.
El reconocimiento de “la justicia indígena” como agente de la reivindicación de los pueblos indígenas en el marco del pluralismo jurídico
Authors: Nuñez Ávila Maria Dolores 
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la justicia indígena como un elemento activo en la reivindicación de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, a través de la histo- ria en el marco constitucional, reconociendo su impacto en el derecho internacional. Cabe destacar que este artículo pretende enfocar a la justicia indígena como un prin- cipio aplicable a las distintas esferas en las que se desarrollan actualmente los pueblos y las comunidades indígenas, y no únicamente como un valor absoluto relacionado a la facultad de administrar justicia por parte de líderes indígenas. De este modo, es importante establecer que la justicia indígena no responde a una formula única y exacta, sino que existen cientos de justicias indígenas en el continente americano, que resurgen con el inicio del pluralismo jurídico, en contraposición al modelo de Estado monista.
Reflexiones sobre el vínculo entre reformas a la Administración de Justicia, Economía y Desarrollo Económico
Authors: Onfray Vivanco Arturo Felipe 
Published: October 2018

El presente trabajo explora la existencia de una estrecha relación entre las reformas, orgánicas y funcionales, a la Administración Justicia y la Economía, en cuanto ciencia que estudia la toma de decisiones en consideración a la revisión de la relación entre nes y medios escasos susceptibles de usos alternativos1, otorgándose, asimismo, una especial atención a cómo el mejoramiento de la Administración de Justicia impacta el desarrollo económico. Para dichos efectos se analiza la situación de Chile, país en que se advierte, a partir del retorno a la democracia, la emergencia de varias reformas globales a la Admi- nistración de Justicia. Los vínculos entre las reformas a la Administración de Justicia y la Economía y el desarrollo económico, en Chile, se mani estan en tres etapas, a saber: (1) en la gé- nesis y diseño de las reformas globales a la Administración de Justicia; (2) en la reconstrucción del mapa de la Administración de Justicia; y (3) en la situación actual de la Administración de Justicia, sus decisiones y reformas pendientes, en especial la Reforma Procesal Civil.
Entre a revelação e o atendimento: família e abuso sexual
Authors: Marra Marlene Magnabosco , Costa Liana Fortunato 
Published: October 2018

Resumo: Há um intervalo de tempo entre a ocorrência do abuso sexual e seu desvelamento dentro da família, do qual se tem pouco conhecimento. O objetivo deste texto é compreender o que ocorre com as famílias no período entre a revelação do abuso sexual e o início do atendimento especializado. O contexto de pesquisa foi uma instituição pública, na qual foram realizadas dez entrevistas com nove famílias que apresentavam situação de abuso sexual. Resultados dividem-se entre informações sobre a configuração familiar e o período de tempo no qual há um silenciamento sobre a situação do abuso sexual, anterior à publicização da violência: 1) Sobre a configuração familiar - as mães estão presentes na maioria das famílias, o abuso sexual intrafamiliar prevalece sobre o extrafamiliar, e a maioria das vítimas é de meninas, sendo que idade média é de 8 anos e 8 meses. 2) Sobre o período de tempo entre a revelação do abuso sexual e o atendimento - o abuso sexual ocorreu, em média, 27 meses antes do momento da entrevista na instituição; o tempo médio da ocorrência do abuso sexual é de 13 meses antes da sua revelação; e o intervalo de tempo que vai da revelação do abuso sexual à denúncia é de 7 meses. A revelação do abuso sexual é percebida, pela família, como mais uma ameaça aos outros acontecimentos com os quais a família já se depara, gerando reações paradoxais que vão desde a proteção à imobilidade. Quando as famílias se apresentam para o atendimento institucional, encontram-se confusas e distanciadas da situação de violência. O tempo entre o abuso sexual, a revelação e a busca por ajuda é vivido em interação familiar, necessitando ser visto mais como momento de elaboração e assimilação da violência sofrida.
IVyF abreviado —IVyFabre—: análisis psicométrico y de estructura factorial en Argentina
Authors: Castro Solano Alejandro , Cosentino Alejandro César 
Published: October 2018

El estudio de las virtudes y fortalezas del carácter es uno de los temas más importantes dentro de la psicología positiva. Peterson y Seligman (2004) determinaron que 24 fortalezas del carácter estaban vinculadas a 6 virtudes y llamaron via a esa clasificación. Nuestro trabajo está incluido en la investigación sobre esa clasificación. Se desarrolló un instrumento de medición de 24 ítems de autopuntuación global directa para evaluar las 24 fortalezas del carácter de la clasificación de Peterson y Seligman (2004). Este instrumento es la versión corta del IVyF. Se analizaron las características psicométricas de este instrumento llamado IVyF abreviado (IVyFabre; Strength of Character Inventory Brief Form, sci-bf, en inglés) con muestras que incluyeron mujeres y hombres. Los resultados mostraron que el IVyFabre tiene tanto adecuada confiabilidad de tipo test-retest y validez con un criterio externo (observadores), como las esperadas asociaciones con los rasgos de personalidad del Big Five, satisfacción con la vida y deseabilidad social. Análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, realizados con muestras diferentes, respaldan que la estructura factorial de las fortalezas en población argentina está compuesta por tres factores que representan las características vinculadas a lo social (factor interpersonal), lo individual (factor empuje/inteligencia) y la armonía de lo individual con lo social (factor restricción). Este resultado es consistente con estudios previos realizados por investigadores locales de Argentina, Estados Unidos y China.Palabras clave: psicología positiva, virtud, fortalezas del carácter, construcción de test, estructura factorial.
PENERAPAN REGRESI DATA PANEL PADA ANALISIS PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR TERHADAP PRODUKTIFITAS EKONOMI PROVINSI-PROVINSI DI LUAR PULAU JAWA TAHUN 2010-2014
Authors: Sitorus Yosephine Magdalena , Yuliana Lia 
Published: October 2018

There is inequality between the economic growth of provinces in Java and outside of Java. The total area of Java is only 6,77% from total area of Indonesia but the Growth Domestic Product (GDP) based on constant price in 2014, Java contributed 57,8% of the GDP total Indonesia. One cause that made this disparity is the development of infrastructure in outside Java is still weak. The development of infrastructure is a basic element for increasing total output production that later will increase the economic growth. However, there are so many problems that occur in developing the infrastructure in outside of Java. This study aimed to analyze the condition of infrastructure provinces outside Java in 2010-2014. The data used is the secondary data for 27 provinces outside of Java 2010-2014 from BPS. The analytical method used is panel data regression with fixed effect model and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) Model. Based on the results, the infrastructure that affects economic productivity significantly and positively is road infrastructure, health, and budget. Infrastructure that affects economic productivity significantly and negatively is the educational infrastructure. Water and electricity infrastructure did not significantly affect economic productivity.Keywords: Infrastructure, Economic productivity, Panel Data Regression, Fixed Effect Model
Investigación cualitativa: fundamentos epistemológicos, teóricos y metodológicos
Authors: Corona Lisboa José Luis 
Published: October 2018

La investigación cualitativa surge como un paradigma emergente y novedoso, el cual ha recibido la influencia de diversas corrientes filosóficas representadas por: Edgar Morín, Paulo Freire, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger y Schütz Alfred. El objetivo el presente documento fue analizar los fundamentos epistemológicos, teóricos y metodológicos de la investigación cualitativa o interpretativa. La metodología usada fue la investigación documental. Para ello, se realizó una discriminación de artículos científicos indexados en diversos repositorios electrónicos, que brindaron una visión amplia sobre la temática de estudio, en base a diversos autores y la opinión propia del investigador. Se concluye que la investigación cualitativa es un corpus teórico emergente que sustenta su visión epistemológica y metodológica en las experiencias subjetivas e intersubjetivas de los sujetos, cuya práctica se orienta hacia la sociedad construida por el hombre, donde interactúan las versiones y opiniones de los distintos actores sociales, para construir su propia realidad de manera cooperativa y dinámica.