bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mulberry and dandelion water extracts prevent alcohol-induced steatosis with alleviating gut microbiome dysbiosis
Authors: Park Sunmin , Kim Da S , Wu Xuangao , J Yi Qiu 
Published: August 2018

Chronic alcohol intake causes hepatic steatosis and changes the body composition and glucose metabolism. We examined whether water extracts of mulberry (WMB) and white flower dandelion ( Taraxacum coreanum Nakai, WTC) can prevent and/or delay the symptoms of chronic ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis in male Sprague Dawley rats, and explored the mechanisms. Ethanol degradation was examined by orally administering 3 g ethanol/kg bw after giving them 0.3 g/kg bw WMB or WTC. All rats were continuously provided about 7 g ethanol/kg bw/day for four weeks and were given either of 0.1% dextrin (control), WMB, WTC, or water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb fruit (positive-control) in high-fat diets. Area under the curve of serum ethanol levels was lowered in descending order of control, WTC and positive-control, and WMB in acute ethanol challenge. WMB and WTC prevented alcohol intake-related decrease in bone mineral density and lean body mass compared to the control. After glucose challenge, serum glucose levels increased more in the control group than other groups in the first part and the rate of decrease after 40 min was similar among all groups. These changes were associated with decreasing serum insulin levels. WMB had the greatest efficacy for decreasing triglyceride and increasing glycogen deposits. WMB and WTC prevented the disruption of the hepatic cells and nuclei while reducing malondialdehyde contents in rats fed alcohol, but the prevention was not as much as the normal-control. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the gut was much higher in the control than the normal-control, but WTC and WMB decreased the ratio compared to the control. WMB and WTC separated the gut microbiota community from the control. In conclusion, WMB and WTC protected against alcoholic liver steatosis by accelerating ethanol degradation and also improved body composition and glucose metabolism while alleviating the dysbiosis of gut microbiome by chronic alcohol intake. Impact statement Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with serious pathologies and is common in much of the world. Pathologies include liver damage, glucose intolerance, and loss of lean body mass and bone mass. These pathologies are mediated by changes in metabolism as well as toxic metabolic byproducts, and possibly by gut dysbiosis. In this study, we demonstrate that aqueous extracts of mulberry and dandelion protected rats against ethanol-induced losses in lean body and bone masses, improved glucose tolerance and partially normalized gut bacterial populations, with mulberry extract being generally more effective. This research suggests that mulberry and dandelion extracts may have the potential to improve some of the pathologies associated with excess alcohol consumption, and that further clinical research is warranted.
A Grounded Theoretical Analysis of Room Elements Desired by Family Members and Visitors of Hospitalized Patients: Implications for Medical/Surgical Hospital Patient Room Design
Authors: Patterson Emily S. , Sanders Elizabeth B.-N. , Lavender Steven A. , Sommerich Carolyn M. , Park Sanghyun , Li Jing , Evans Kevin D. 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To identify family members’ and visitors’ needs with relation to the design of a hospital room. Background: There is a trend toward incorporating family zones in hospital patient rooms in order to improve patient satisfaction and encourage family caregivers to stay longer and overnight. Method: A mixed-method study was employed. Interviews of patients and family caregivers were conducted to understand opportunities to improve hospital room designs based on recent experiences. Features intended to support short-term and overnight visitors were embedded in five full-scale simulated room design concepts. Small groups of family caregivers and patients toured two room design concepts and reacted real time to room features. A grounded theory approach was employed to identify emerging themes. Results: A theoretical design framework is developed for the needs of family members and visitors for a range of time periods. This framework is founded upon desires to help make the patient feel more comfortable. There are various levels of helping the patient feel more comfortable, including visiting, keeping company, providing support, providing assistance, and being a caregiver. Beyond this core need, family members and visitors must take care of their own needs in order to feel comfortable in the hospital room. Activities associated with these needs include sitting, relaxing, eating, working, tending to daily needs, and resting overnight. Conclusions: Potential implications for architects, healthcare planners, and interior space designers are described. Design and renovation guidance for the hospital room environment in order to support the needs and expectations of families and visitors is provided.
Variability in Retronasal Odor Identification Among Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ganjaei Kimia G. , Soler Zachary M. , Storck Kristina A. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Othieno Florence A. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: August 2018

Background Retronasal olfaction is important in flavor detection and enjoyment. The ability to identify specific individual retronasal odors may play a role in quality of life for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objective To identify patterns and improve understanding of retronasal identification of individual odors in CRS patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with CRS underwent retronasal and orthonasal (Sniffin’ Sticks) olfactory testing and taste testing (taste strips). Retronasal identification was tested with presentation of flavored powders on the posterior tongue. Retronasal identification for individual odors was compared with results of orthonasal and taste testing. Results Seventy participants were evaluated. Retronasal identification correlated with orthonasal identification and discrimination for most individual odors. Among all patients, cinnamon and apple were identified better retronasally and banana better orthonasally ( P < .05). Anosmics identified retronasal orange, cinnamon, mushroom, coffee, smoked ham, peach, ginger, grape, and cheese more than would be expected by chance for a forced-choice paradigm with 3 distractor items ( P < .05), and this was independent of objective taste function for most odors. Conclusion Retronasal and orthonasal identification of most odors correlate in CRS patients; however, patients with anosmia can still identify certain retronasal odors more often than expected. These odors do not appear to stimulate gustatory pathways and may involve trigeminal stimulation. Understanding preserved retronasal neural stimuli may allow providers to improve eating-related quality of life in these patients.
Physical fitness is a modifiable predictor of early cardiovascular death: A 35-year follow-up study of 2014 healthy middle-aged men
Authors: Engeseth Kristian , Prestgaard Erik E , Mariampillai Julian E , Grundvold Irene , Liestol Knut , Kjeldsen Sverre E , Bodegard Johan , Erikssen Jan E. , Gjesdal Knut , Skretteberg Per Torger 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundPhysical fitness has been shown to predict cardiovascular death during long-term follow-up. In the present study we aimed to investigate how physical fitness and other cardiovascular risk factors at middle-age influenced the risk of cardiovascular death during the early (0–11 years), intermediate (12–23 years) and late (24–35 years) parts of a 35-year observation period.Methods and resultsAge-adjusted physical fitness was calculated in 2014 apparently healthy, middle-aged men after maximal bicycle electrocardiogram-tests in 1972–1975 (Survey 1) and 1979–1982 (Survey 2). The men were assessed through 35 years after Survey 1, and 28 years after Survey 2 by Cox proportional hazards models. Low Survey 1 physical fitness was independently associated with increased risks of early and intermediate, but not late, cardiovascular death. Survey 1 to Survey 2 change in physical fitness, age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure and cholesterol impacted cardiovascular death risks in all periods. Family history of coronary heart disease impacted early and intermediate, but not late, cardiovascular death.ConclusionsMost classical cardiovascular risk factors were strong predictors of early, intermediate and late cardiovascular death. Physical fitness measured at median age 50 years was independently associated with risk of early cardiovascular death, but the association weakened as time progressed. Change in physical fitness during middle-age impacted cardiovascular death risk in a full lifetime perspective. Thus, our data suggest that physical fitness is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor with limited duration in contrast to the sustained impact of smoking, blood pressure and cholesterol on cardiovascular mortality.
Quantitative identification of microfractures in the marine shale reservoir of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation using water immersion tests and image characterization
Authors: Wang Hu , He Zhiliang , Zhang Yonggui , Su Kun , Wang Ruyue 
Published: August 2018

Identification of natural microfractures is important for shale reservoir evaluation. In total, 42 selected core samples from the Wufeng-Longmaxi marine shales in the Fuling gas field, southeastern Sichuan Basin, were analyzed using water-immersion testing, computed tomography scanning, and argon-ion polishing scanning electron microscope experiments, along with edge detection and image stitching analysis methods. The results indicate that the immersion experiment is an effective way to identify natural fractures. Three types of natural microfractures correspond to bubble positions with 250 nm resolution scanning electron microscopy: bedding fractures, particle edge fractures, and dissolution fractures. The bedding and dissolution fractures show the same occurrence as the strata, and they are the main bubbling channels. The occurrence of particle edge fractures varies significantly. Microfractures are capable of forming a fracture network, connecting separated storage spaces in the shale reservoir. The best fracture network is formed by bedding and dissolution fractures in 3D space. Furthermore, apportion of the particle edge and dissolution fractures is capable of forming microfracture networks in shale cores increasing the connectivity of pore spaces. The number of bubble points also indicates a positive correlation with shale laminae, which indicates that microfractures are developed mainly within the laminae. The number of shale laminae and the number of microfracture channels can be calculated quantitatively by the number of bubble points. The observations can be used in the drilling site to estimate the physical properties of shale reservoirs quickly and quantitatively.
First-Line Trastuzumab Plus an Aromatase Inhibitor, With or Without Pertuzumab, in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive and Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (PERTAIN): A Randomized, Open-Label Phase II Trial
Authors: Rimawi Mothaffar , Ferrero Jean-Marc , de la Haba-Rodriguez Juan , Poole Christopher , De Placido Sabino , Osborne C. Kent , Hegg Roberto , Easton Valerie , Wohlfarth Christine , Arpino Grazia ,   for the PERTAIN Study Group
Published: August 2018

Purpose To assess pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and an aromatase inhibitor (AI) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive and hormone receptor–positive metastatic/locally advanced breast cancer (MBC/LABC). Patients and Methods The PERTAIN trial (NCT01491737) is an ongoing randomized, open-label, multicenter—80 sites and eight countries—phase II trial. Patients have HER2-positive, hormone receptor–positive MBC/LABC and no prior systemic therapy with the exception of endocrine. Random assignment was 1:1 to intravenous pertuzumab (840 mg loading dose followed by 420 mg every 3 weeks) plus trastuzumab (8 mg/kg followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks), and oral anastrozole (1 mg every day) or letrozole (2.5 mg every day), or trastuzumab and an AI. Induction intravenous docetaxel every 3 weeks or paclitaxel every week could be administered for 18 to 24 weeks at the investigator’s discretion (decided before but given after random assignment). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Patients were stratified by whether they received induction chemotherapy and their time since adjuvant hormone therapy. Results One hundred twenty-nine patients were randomly assigned per arm (February 2012 to October 2014; intent-to-treat populations); 75 in one arm and 71 in the other were chosen to receive induction chemotherapy. Stratified median PFS was 18.89 months (95% CI, 14.09 to 27.66 months) in the pertuzumab plus trastuzumab arm and 15.80 months (95% CI, 11.04 to 18.56 months) in the trastuzumab arm (stratified hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89; P = .0070). Serious adverse events (AEs) were reported for 42 (33.1%) of 127 and 24 (19.4%) of 124 patients in the safety populations of the pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and trastuzumab arms, respectively. Rates of grade ≥ 3 AEs were 64 (50.4%) of 127 and 48 (38.7%) of 124, respectively. There were no deaths as a result of AEs. Conclusion PERTAIN met its primary PFS end point. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and an AI is effective for the treatment of HER2-positive MBC/LABC. The safety profile was consistent with previous trials of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab.
Purchase Order Financing: Credit, Commitment, and Supply Chain Consequences
Authors: Reindorp Matthew , Tanrisever Fehmi , Lange Anne 
Published: August 2018

We study a supply chain where a retailer buys from a supplier who faces financial constraints. Informational problems about the supplier’s demand prospects and production capabilities restrict her access to capital. By committing to a minimum purchase quantity, the retailer can mitigate these informational problems and expand the supplier’s feasible production set. We assume a newsvendor model of operations and analyze the strategic interaction of the two parties as a sequential game. Key parameters in our model are the supplier’s ex ante credit limit, her informational transparency—which conditions the amount of additional capital released by the commitment—and the demand characteristics of the final market. We show that in equilibrium the supplier can benefit from a lower ex ante credit limit or lower informational transparency. The retailer always benefits from an increase in these parameters. We also indicate limits to the commitment approach: under certain conditions, the retailer may prefer to relax the supplier’s financial constraint by adjusting the wholesale price, or a combination of wholesale price and commitment. Our study provides a novel perspective on capital market frictions in supply chains. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1727 .
AKADEMİSYENLERDE CAM TAVAN SENDROMUNUN GÜÇ MESAFESİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Can Esin , Kaptanoğlu Sanem , Lazgeen Mohammed Halo 
Published: August 2018

Öz

Trendlerdeki değişimle “she-conomy” (kadın ekonomisi) kavramı, dünyada giderek
daha popüler hale gelse dahi tepe yönetim pozisyonlarında yer alan kadın
çalışan sayısının azlığı hala dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın yapılma amacı
kadınların kariyerlerinde yükselirken karşılaştıkları cam tavan engelleri ile kültür
boyutlarından biri olan güç mesafesi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır.
Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında, cinsiyete göre çalışanların cam tavan engellerine
yönelik algıları ile güç mesafesi algıları arasında farklılık olup olmadığı da
belirlenecektir. Çalışmanın evreni olarak Arap yarımadasında yer alan iki
üniversite seçilmiştir. Bu üniversitelerin seçilme nedeni; süregelen savaş
durumu, bölgenin politik yapısı ve toplumsal koşullar sebebi ile bu bölgede kadınların
iş dünyası ve sosyal yaşamda çok daha fazla engelle mücadele etmesidir. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına bakıldığında algılanan cam tavan
engelleri ve güç mesafesi arasında pozitif yönlü ve güçlü bir ilişki olduğu
görülmektedir. Cam tavan engelleri ve güç mesafesine yönelik algıda ise
cinsiyete dayalı bir farklılık olmadığı sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Validation of XML schema and extraction of human body description format parameters
Authors: Kainz Ondrej , Jakab František , Michalko Miroslav 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the development of Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema of newly proposed Human body description format (HBDF) is proposed and further, the software and hardware solution for processing and acquiring the anthropometric parameters of the human body is presented. The analysis covers information on the HBDF format and specific measurement procedures that are associated with the format and together form a coherent structure for the recording of such data. The structure of the format itself is implemented as XML schema, determining the content of XML outputs. Experimental software solution is designed and proves valid in the examination of HBDF structure. The experimental hardware is proposed to introduce new approach to measurement using the physical real-world device. Proposed hardware solution also implements HBDF structure. Schema ensures the data coherency and integrity,while the proposed solution ensures the import, operation, and export of data. The XML schema was experimentally tested as a part of multiple research projects.
Overweight or obesity and related lifestyle and psychosocial factors among adolescents in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study aimed to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in Brunei Darussalam. The sample included 2599 school-going adolescents that responded to the Global School-based Student Health Survey (mean age 14.7 years, SD = 1.4). Body weight status was assessed based on self-reported height and weight and the international child body mass index standards. The relationship between lifestyle factors, including physical activity and dietary behaviour, and overweight or obesity were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Results indicate a prevalence of overweight or obesity of 35.1% and obesity of 17.3%. In multivariable regression analysis, bullying victimisation was positively and frequent fast food consumption, having experienced hunger and meeting physical activity recommendations were negatively associated with overweight or obesity. High prevalence rates of overweight or obesity were found and several risk factors identified, which can assist in guiding interventions.
Impact of climate change on the potato crop and biodiversity in its center of origin
Authors: Quiroz Roberto , Ramírez David A. , Kroschel Jürgen , Andrade-Piedra Jorge , Barreda Carolina , Condori Bruno , Mares Victor , Monneveux Philippe , Perez Willmer 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Andean region is the most important center of potato diversity in the world. The global warming trend which has taken place since the 1950s, that is 2-3 times the reported global warming and the continuous presence of extreme events makes this region a live laboratory to study the impact of climate change. In this review, we first present the current knowledge on climate change in the Andes, as compared to changes in other mountain areas, and the globe in general. Then, the review describes the ecophysiological strategies to cope and adapt to changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, temperature and soil water availability. As climate change also has a significant effect on the magnitude and frequency of the incidence of pests and diseases, the current knowledge of the dynamics of vectors in the Andean region is discussed. The use of modeling techniques to describe changes in the range expansion and number of insect pest generations per year as affected by increases in temperature is also presented. Finally, the review deals with the use of crop modeling to analyze the likely impact of projected climate scenarios on potato yield and tuber initiation.
Hedging in Iranian English language teachers’ spoken language: Any differential effect for gender?
Authors: Tajik Leila , Ramezani Ameneh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract Despite the importance attached in the literature to the use of hedges, the study of hedging has been shown to target, mainly, the written corpora of various types and so remains neglected in naturally occurring speech. Moreover, the existing discussion predominantly encompass cross-cultural variation in the use of hedging devices and gender as a variable has largely been overlooked. This study was conducted to shed more light on the differences between 4 Iranian male and female English instructors’use of hedging and its different realizations in their actual speech. One teaching session of each instructor was videotaped and the instructors were asked to view their video and to recollect their reasons for resorting to different activities for teaching. Their recollections were recorded and transcribed. Based on Hyland’s classification of hedges, the frequency and realization of hedging in male and female corpus were identified. Results showed considerable differences in the overall distribution of hedges as well as certain types of hedging linguistic devices throughout the male and female corpus.
Investigation of wear behavior of nanoalumina and marble dust-reinforced dental composites
Authors: Meena Anoj , Mali Harlal Singh , Patnaik Amar , Kumar Shiv Ranjan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the present work, the effects of adding nanoalumina and marble dust on the wear behavior of dental composites were investigated. The hardness of dental composite was determined using Vickers micro-hardness tester. A two-body abrasive wear test was performed on the dental wear simulator under the medium of artificial saliva. The experiments were performed as per the Taguchi orthogonal array and steady state condition by varying parameters such as filler content, normal load, sliding velocity, and number of cycles. The hardness results indicated that the incorporation of 5 wt. % of nanoalumina increased the hardness of the dental composite by 12%, whereas the incorporation of 5 wt. % of marble dust increased the hardness of the dental composite by 7%. Also, for the experiments as per the Taguchi orthogonal array, the mean volumetric wear in the case of nanoalumina-filled dental composite was 9.6% less than that of marble dust-filled dental composite. However, in both the cases, the volumetric wear increased with the increase in normal load, sliding speed, and number of cycles but decreased with the increase in filler content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the results indicated that normal load was less significant compared to filler content, sliding speed, and number of cycles.
Sozialfiguren – zwischen gesellschaftlicher Erfahrung und soziologischer Diagnose
Authors: Moser Sebastian J. , Schlechtriemen Tobias 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungSozialfiguren sind ein eigenständiges Element soziologischer Forschung – das ist die Ausgangsthese der Autoren. Gerade soziologische Zeitdiagnosen verdichten ihre Analyse oftmals in emblematischen Figuren, in deren Zügen sich wesentliche Charakteristika der Gegenwartsgesellschaft verkörpern. Um genauer zu konturieren, was soziologisch unter Sozialfiguren zu verstehen ist, wird das Konzept mit verwandten Kategorien der Soziologie – Idealtypus, soziale Rolle, Sozialcharakter und soziale Figuration – ins Verhältnis gesetzt. Aufbauend auf dieser vergleichenden Analyse werden die Eigenschaften herauspräpariert, durch die sich sozialfigurative Darstellungen auszeichnen. Außerdem wird aufgezeigt, was Sozialfiguren im Kontext soziologischer Untersuchungen leisten, auf welche Weise sie Evidenz erzeugen, wie sie explorativ in empirischen Forschungssettings eingesetzt werden können, aber auch worin die Grenzen ihres analytischen Potentials bestehen.