bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Macrophages Inhibit Alternative Macrophage Activation and Attenuate Pathology Associated with Fibrosis
Authors: Chandrasekaran Prabha , Izadjoo Salman , Stimely Jessica , Palaniyandi Senthilkumar , Zhu Xiaoping , Tafuri Wagner , Mosser David M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Diversity and plasticity are the hallmarks of macrophages. The two most well-defined macrophage subsets are the classically activated macrophages (CAMϕs) and the IL-4–derived alternatively activated macrophages (AAMϕs). Through a series of studies, we previously identified and characterized a distinct population of macrophages with immunoregulatory functions, collectively termed regulatory macrophages (RMϕs). Although considerable advances have been made in understanding these various macrophage subsets, it is not known whether macrophages of one activation state can influence the other. In this study, we examined whether RMϕs capable of inhibiting inflammatory responses of CAMϕs could also inhibit AAMϕs and their profibrotic responses. Our results demonstrated that RMϕs significantly dampened the alternate activation phenotype of AAMϕs generated in vitro and intrinsically occurring AAMϕs from TACI−/− macrophages. Further, RMϕs inhibited AAMϕ-promoted arginase activity and fibroblast proliferation in vitro. This inhibition occurred regardless of the strength, duration, and mode of alternative activation and was only partially dependent on IL-10. In the chlorhexidine gluconate–induced peritoneal fibrosis model, AAMϕs worsened the fibrosis, but RMϕs rescued mice from AAMϕ-mediated pathological conditions. Taken together, our study demonstrates that RMϕs are a specialized subset of macrophages with a nonredundant role in limiting overt proregenerative functions of AAMϕs, a role distinct from their well-defined role of suppression of inflammatory responses by CAMϕs.
Identification of a Novel Role for Foxo3 Isoform2 in Osteoclastic Inhibition
Authors: Xu Cheng , Vitone Gregory J. , Inoue Kazuki , Ng Courtney , Zhao Baohong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Foxo3 acts as an important central regulator that integrates signaling pathways and coordinates cellular responses to environmental changes. Recent studies show the involvement of Foxo3 in osteoclastogenesis and rheumatoid arthritis, which prompted us to further investigate the FOXO3 locus. Several databases document FOXO3 isoform2, an N-terminal truncated mutation of the full-length FOXO3. However, the biological function of FOXO3 isoform2 is unclear. In this study, we established a conditional allele of Foxo3 in mice that deletes the full-length Foxo3 except isoform2, a close ortholog of the human FOXO3 isoform2. Expression of Foxo3 isoform2 specifically in macrophage/osteoclast lineage suppresses osteoclastogenesis and leads to the osteopetrotic phenotype in mice. Mechanistically, Foxo3 isoform2 enhances the expression of type I IFN response genes to RANKL stimulation and thus inhibits osteoclastogenesis via endogenous IFN-β–mediated feedback inhibition. Our findings identify, to our knowledge, the first known biological function of Foxo3 isoform2 that acts as a novel osteoclastic inhibitor in bone remodeling.
Bijna-identieke toponiemen langs de rijksgrens: hoe weerspiegelen ze het taalkundige, bestuurlijke en culturele verleden?1
Authors: Reinsma Riemer 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Near-identical twin toponyms along the state border. How do they reflect the linguistic and political past?

The Netherlands (hereafter: NL) shares its national border with Belgium (B) and Germany (D). Alongside the border are toponyms which are either identical (like Lemiers: NL, also D), or near-identical, like Clinge (NL)/ De Klinge (B) or Aamsveen (NL)/ Amtsvenn (D). The names concerned denote adjoining settlements and regions. Name pairs like Aamsveen/ Amtsvenn, differring in pronunciation, are comparable to name pairs like Görlitz/ Zgorzelec, on the German-Polish border.
The Belgian border is not a linguistic one; Dutch is the standard language on both sides of it. The German border, however, currently divides two standard languages, while there used to be a continuum on the dialectal level until until about 1940. Since the 19th C, both the Dutch and the German standard language have won ground at the expense of the dialect, due to the increased influence of the national administrations.
This paper focuses on present twin names along the Dutch state border which show small differences. For example, some differences are (partly) orthographic (Clinge (NL)/De Klinge (B)), others imply (partial) translations and folk etymological adaptations (Aamsveen (NL)/ Amtsvenn (D)), or relate to lexical differences: Baarle Hertog (B) versus Baarle Nassau (NL).
The paper proposes a typology and tries to explain the differences by relating them (with respect to the German border) to increased influence of the German standard language and orthography (and, by consequence, spelling pronunciation), and, with regard to the Belgian border, to different spelling regulations.
Dialect en standaardtaal in contact: de vele vormen van het dialect in de Langstraat
Authors: van Spijk Yoïn , Swanenberg Jos 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDialect and standard language in contact. The many forms of the Langstraat dialectOver the past century, the dialects of the Langstraat region in the province of Noord-Brabant have structurally changed under the influence of the Dutch standard language. The younger dialect varieties that have emerged, have lost characteristic features through time and have adopted features of Standard Dutch. Despite convergence and dialect levelling, however, more variation arises with new forms that sometimes exhibit even more divergent features than their traditional counterparts. Moreover, all participants in the present study seem to use a diversity of linguistic forms and intermediate forms are all but fixated, and even one and the same speaker shows diversity in the use of his dialect.
Reclaiming Subjectivities: A Psychoanalytic-Feminist Perspective on Item Songs in Contemporary Indian Cinema
Authors: Shah Syed Zulkifil Haider , Cory Elijah 
Published: September 2019

Item Songs have recently become established as new genre of songs in the mainstream Indian Cinema, although they have remained a part of Bollywood movies since at least the 1970s. Such songs, despite their widespread appeal to masses, have often been panned by Film critics (particularly from the Radical Feminist School) for their erotic dances, and an overly glamorized and sexualized depiction of half-nude female bodies. Based upon the textual analysis of two popular item songs in recent Indian cinema, Sheila ki Jawani from Tees Maar Khan (2010) and Munni Badnam Hui from Dabangg (2010), this paper seeks to problematize such readings which focus exclusively on the issue of the objectification of women through the concept of the male gaze. Drawing upon more recent studies in Psychoanalytic Feminist Scholarship, the paper departs from this conventional understanding. It argues that such item songs can also be interpreted as a means of liberation for women, and as devices for reclaiming the narrative on female sexuality, and a woman’s right to her body. More broadly, using Judith Butler’s concept of Gender Performativity in the Feminist Phenomenological tradition, the paper argues that items songs can be construed as performative acts that subvert the male gaze and viewed as constitutive of new feminine subjectivities in the contemporary Indian society.
The Application of Sequential Extraction in Phosphorus Fractionation in Environmental Samples
Authors: Bezak-Mazur Elżbieta , Ciopińska Joanna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Maintaining the balance of phosphorus in ecosystems is a priority activity in environmental protection. To achieve this successfully, it is necessary to know the physicochemical properties of phosphorus forms. Objective: Speciation analysis is used for this purpose. This process helps to assess the concentration of various physical and chemical forms of phosphorus. When there are very unstable chemical forms of the analyte hindering the determination in the environmental test, fractionation is performed, i.e., the process of classifying the analyte or a group of analytes from a given sample according to physical properties. Methods and Results: The paper discusses the phosphorus fractionation methods in environmental samples. The authors critically analyzed over a dozen phosphorus fractionation procedures using sequential extraction of this element. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of sequential extraction when determining the phosphorus pool available to plants (bioavailable fraction) and labile phosphorus able to migrate in the environment. The paper discusses examples of phosphorus fractionation in various environmental matrices, such as river and lake sediments, sewage sludge, composts, and soils. The selection of an appropriate method for the studied environment was made. Conclusions: Adapting the proposed methodology to the environmental matrix being tested determines the most accurate results of the experiment. Attention was also paid to the possibilities of practical applications of fractionation results, particularly the possibility of isolating phosphorus available for plants from various environmental matrices.
Pathology Assessment of Femoral Head Resection Specimens: An Important Quality Assurance Procedure
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Crim Julia R. , Oserowsky Alexander , Schmidt Robert L. 
Published: September 2019

Context.—
Decisions to perform hip arthroplasty rely on both radiographic and clinical findings. Radiologists estimate degree of osteoarthritis (OA) and document other findings. Arthroplasty specimens are sometimes evaluated by pathology.

Objective.—
To determine the frequency of pathologic changes not recognized clinically.

Design.—
Nine hundred fifty-three consecutive femoral head resections performed between January 2015 and June 2018, with recent radiologic and histologic study, were reviewed. We compared severity of OA reported by radiology and pathology. Findings unrecognized radiographically but recorded pathologically, and discrepancies between clinical diagnosis and pathology diagnosis, were tabulated.

Results.—
Twenty-one cases of osteomyelitis were diagnosed radiographically or pathologically. Eight discrepancies were present. Fourteen osteomyelitis cases were recognized clinically. Pathology recognized 2 neoplasms missed radiographically. Avascular necrosis was diagnosed on pathology but not radiology in 25 cases, and 35 cases of avascular necrosis were seen radiographically but not pathologically. Osteoarthritis was graded both radiographically and pathologically from 0 to 3. Five hundred ninety-one of 953 cases (62%) were grade 3. Pathologists and radiologists had perfect agreement in 696 of 953 cases (73%). When grade of OA seen at pathology was correlated with surgeon, 2 groups of surgeons were detected: one with a low threshold for performance of hip arthroplasty (23%–28% low-severity OA) and the second with a high threshold (2%–5% low-severity OA).

Conclusions.—
Correlation between radiology and pathology diagnoses is high. Degree of OA present varies significantly between surgeons. Pathology discloses findings not recognized clinically.
Earning Management: From Agency and Signalling Theory Perspective in Ethiopia
Authors: Yimenu Kirubel Asegdew , Surur Sitina Akmel 
Published: September 2019

Aims: To examine earning management from agency and signalling theory perspectives. Agency theory was used as a clogging factor for earning management practice whereas, signalling theory relates to managements intention to reflect insider information for the market.
Study Design: Considering the nature of the problem, explanatory research design with mixed research approach was employed.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: large manufacturing companies from the period of 2009 to 2017, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methodology: The study used audited financial reports of 14 large manufacturing companies in Addis Ababa operating from the period of 2009 to 2017 for which random effect regression model was used.
Results: From agency theory proxies, leverage and audit quality had significant positive and negative impact respectively on earning management. The finding for signalling theory proxies showed that, size of the firm had a positive significant relationship with earning management.
Conclusion: The study concluded that signalling and agency theories partially explained earning management in Ethiopian Large Manufacturing Share companies.
Originality/value: There were numerous studies explaining earning management from signalling and Agency theory self-reliantly, but this study has modeled earning maneuver motives of management (signalling motive) and controlling mechanisms (Agency theory proxies) set by stakeholders, in one model. Further, the study was conducted in developing country perspective with lower legal requirement on information asymmetry, higher reporting laxity and non-standard/mixed reporting experience.
Prevention of the Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Esophageal Cancer by Use of Hangeshashinto (TJ-14)
Authors: Takahashi Masakazu , Nakajima Masanobu , Muroi Hiroto , Satomura Hitoshi , Domeki Yasushi , Ihara Keisuke , Kikuchi Maiko , Kubo Tsukasa , Yokoyama Haruka , Ogata Hideo , Yamaguchi Satoru , Sasaki Kinro , Hakata Kenbun , Kawamata Hitoshi , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Oral mucositis and diarrhea are adverse effects (AEs) of chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (CR/CRT) that commonly occur in patients of esophageal cancer (EC). We investigated whether Hangeshashinto (TJ-14)—a Japanese traditional medicine—could control oral mucositis, pain, incidence of esophagitis, and diarrhea in patients who underwent CT/CRT for EC.

Methods:
We enrolled 39 patients (36 men, 3 women) who underwent docetaxel- or cisplatin-based CT/CRT for EC between July 2012 and June 2014, of whom 19 used TJ-14 dissolved in water as an oral rinse 3 times a day over the first 2 courses of their treatment, and 20 (the control group) received no particular prophylaxis against mucositis. Their AEs, including mucositis, were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0.

Results:
Although incidences of oral mucositis, appetite loss, nausea, constipation, and vomiting did not significantly differ between the TJ-14 group and controls, diarrhea incidence was significantly lower in the TJ-14 group by the second treatment course (P = 0.0261 by per protocol set analyses).

Conclusions:
TJ-14 significantly decreases diarrhea caused by CT/CRT in patients treated for EC, although TJ-14 cannot prevent of causing oral mucositis.
Increased Risk of Complications After Pancreatoduodenectomy in Uninephrectomized Patients
Authors: Takagi Tadataka , Sho Masayuki , Nishiwada Satoshi , Akahori Takahiro , Nagai Minako , Nakamura Kota , Nakagawa Kenji , Ikeda Naoya 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
The study objective is to investigate the impact of unilateral nephrectomy on the complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Summary of background data:
Preoperative renal insufficiency is a risk factor for postoperative complications and mortality after various types of surgery. However, the specific postoperative risks in uninephrectomized (UN) patients are largely unknown.

Methods:
Between January 2010 and June 2014, a total of 177 patients underwent PD at the Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University. Among them, 7 patients (4.0%) were UN. We retrospectively evaluated the influence of the UN status on the postoperative complications.

Results:
The rate of acute kidney injury in the UN group was significantly higher than that in the control group (28.6% versus 1.2%; P = 0.017). In addition, the rates of surgical site infection of the organ/space (57.1% versus 9.0%; P = 0.006) and sepsis (42.9% versus 3.5%; P = 0.003) in UN group were significantly higher. Even on a reanalysis of only patients with soft pancreas, the significance remained.

Conclusions:
The UN status has a significant impact on the rate of morbidities, such as acute kidney injury and various infectious complications, including surgical site infections of organ/space, sepsis, and cholangitis after PD. Appropriate intervention should be implemented to decrease the morbidity rate for UN patients.
Clinical evaluation of 4D MRI in the delineation of gross and internal tumor volumes in comparison with 4DCT
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Srivastava Shreya , Wang Chunyu , Beckham Thomas , Johnson Christopher , Dutta Pinaki , Shepherd Annemarie , Mechalakos James , Hunt Margie , Wu Abraham , Rimner Andreas , Li Guang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate clinical utility of respiratory‐correlated (RC) four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI) for lung tumor delineation and motion assessment, in comparison with the current clinical standard of 4D computed tomography (4DCT).Methods and MaterialsA prospective T2‐weighted (T2w) RC‐4DMRI technique was applied to acquire coronal 4DMRI images for 14 lung cancer patients (16 lesions) during free breathing (FB) under an IRB‐approved protocol, together with a breath‐hold (BH) T1w 3DMRI and axial 4DMRI. Clinical simulation CT and 4DCT were acquired within 2 h. An internal navigator was applied to trigger amplitude‐binned 4DMRI acquisition whereas a bellows or real‐time position management (RPM) was used in the 4DCT reconstruction. Six radiation oncologists manually delineated the gross and internal tumor volumes (GTV and ITV) in 399 3D images using programmed clinical workflows under a tumor delineation guideline. The ITV was the union of GTVs within the breathing cycle without margin. Average GTV and motion range were assessed and ITV variation between 4DMRI and 4DCT was evaluated using the Dice similarity index, mean distance agreement (MDA), and volume difference.ResultsThe mean tumor volume is similar between 4DCT (GTV4DCT = 1.0, as the reference) and T2w‐4DMRI (GTVT2wMR = 0.97), but smaller in T1w MRI (GTVT1wMR = 0.76), suggesting possible peripheral edema around the tumor. Average GTV variation within the breathing cycle (22%) in 4DMRI is slightly greater than 4DCT (17%). GTV motion variation (−4 to 12 mm) and ITV variation (∆VITV=−25 to 95%) between 4DCT and 4DMRI are large, confirmed by relatively low ITV similarity (Dice = 0.72 ± 0.11) and large MDA = 2.9 ± 1.5 mm.ConclusionAverage GTVs are similar between T2w‐4DMRI and 4DCT, but smaller by 25% in T1w BH MRI. Physician training and breathing coaching may be necessary to reduce ITV variability between 4DMRI and 4DCT. Four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging is a promising and viable technique for clinical lung tumor delineation and motion assessment.
Use of a plastic scintillator detector for patient‐specific quality assurance of VMAT SRS
Authors: Snyder Jesse D. , Sullivan Rodney J. , Wu Xingen , Covington Elizabeth L. , Popple Richard A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate a scintillator detector for patient‐specific quality assurance of VMAT radiosurgery plans.MethodsThe detector was comprised of a 1 mm diameter, 1 mm high scintillator coupled to an acrylic optical fiber. Sixty VMAT SRS plans for treatment of single targets having sizes ranging from 3 mm to 30.2 mm equivalent diameter (median 16.3 mm) were selected. The plans were delivered to a 20 cm × 20 cm x 15 cm water equivalent plastic phantom having either the scintillator detector or radiochromic film at the center. Calibration films were obtained for each measurement session. The films were scanned and converted to dose using a 3‐channel technique.ResultsThe mean difference between scintillator and film was ‒0.45% (95% confidence interval ‒0.1% to 0.8%). For target equivalent diameter smaller than the median, the mean difference was 1.1% (95% confidence interval 0.5% to 1.7%). For targets larger than the median, the mean difference was ‒0.2% (95% confidence interval ‒0.7% to 0.1%). ConclusionsThe scintillator detector response is independent of target size for targets as small as 3 mm and is well‐suited for patient‐specific quality assurance of VMAT SRS plans. Further work is needed to evaluate the accuracy for VMAT plans that treat multiple targets using a single isocenter.
COMP Report: A survey of radiation safety regulations for medical imaging x‐ray equipment in Canada
Authors: Bjarnason Thorarin A. , Rees Robert , Kainz Judy , Le Lawrence H. , Stewart Errol E. , Preston Brent , Elbakri Idris , Fife Ingvar A. J. , Lee Ting‐Yim , Gagnon I Martin Benoît , Arsenault Clément , Therrien Pierre , Kendall Edward , Tonkopi Elena , Cottreau Michelle , Aldrich John E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractX‐ray regulations and room design methodology vary widely across Canada. The Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists (COMP) conducted a survey in 2016/2017 to provide a useful snapshot of existing variations in rules and methodologies for human patient medical imaging facilities. Some jurisdictions no longer have radiation safety regulatory requirements and COMP is concerned that lack of regulatory oversight might erode safe practices. Harmonized standards will facilitate oversight that will ensure continued attention is given to public safety and to control workplace exposure. COMP encourages all Canadian jurisdictions to adopt the dose limits and constraints outlined in Health Canada Safety Code 35 with the codicil that the design standards be updated to those outlined in NCRP 147 and BIR 2012.
Impact of CT reconstruction algorithm on auto‐segmentation performance
Authors: Miller Claudia , Mittelstaedt Daniel , Black Noel , Klahr Paul , Nejad‐Davarani Siamak , Schulz Heinrich , Goshen Liran , Han Xiaoxia , Ghanem Ahmed I , Morris Eric D. , Glide‐Hurst Carri 
Published: September 2019

AbstractModel‐based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) reduces CT imaging dose while maintaining image quality. However, MBIR reduces noise while preserving edges which may impact intensity‐based tasks such as auto‐segmentation. This work evaluates the sensitivity of an auto‐contouring prostate atlas across multiple MBIR reconstruction protocols and benchmarks the results against filtered back projection (FBP). Images were created from raw projection data for 11 prostate cancer cases using FBP and nine different MBIR reconstructions (3 protocols/3 noise reduction levels) yielding 10 reconstructions/patient. Five bony structures, bladder, rectum, prostate, and seminal vesicles (SVs) were segmented using an auto‐segmentation pipeline that renders 3D binary masks for analysis. Performance was evaluated for volume percent difference (VPD) and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), using FBP as the gold standard. Nonparametric Friedman tests plus post hoc all pairwise comparisons were employed to test for significant differences (P < 0.05) for soft tissue organs and protocol/level combinations. A physician performed qualitative grading of 396 MBIR contours across the prostate, bladder, SVs, and rectum in comparison to FBP using a six‐point scale. MBIR contours agreed with FBP for bony anatomy (DSC ≥ 0.98), bladder (DSC ≥ 0.94, VPD < 8.5%), and prostate (DSC = 0.94 ± 0.03, VPD = 4.50 ± 4.77% (range: 0.07–26.39%). Increased variability was observed for rectum (VPD = 7.50 ± 7.56% and DSC = 0.90 ± 0.08) and SVs (VPD and DSC of 8.23 ± 9.86% range (0.00–35.80%) and 0.87 ± 0.11, respectively). Over the all protocol/level comparisons, a significant difference was observed for the prostate VPD between BSPL1 and BSTL2 (adjusted P‐value = 0.039). Nevertheless, 300 of 396 (75.8%) of the four soft tissue structures using MBIR were graded as equivalent or better than FBP, suggesting that MBIR offered potential improvements in auto‐segmentation performance when compared to FBP. Future work may involve tuning organ‐specific MBIR parameters to further improve auto‐segmentation performance. Running title: Impact of CT Reconstruction Algorithm on Auto‐segmentation Performance.