bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Layer Turbulence Parameters Derived From 1‐s Wind Observations on the West Florida Shelf
Authors: Mayer Dennis A. , Zhang Jun A. , Weisberg Robert H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOne‐second wind data on the West Florida Shelf were used to examine turbulent scales from large eddies to small eddies in the atmospheric surface layer within a frequency band from 0.02 to 0.3 Hz (periods from ~1 min to ~3 s). Data were collected at two at‐sea locations spanning 6.5 months. Three events in three wind ranges were examined in exploring the one‐dimensional turbulent power spectra: >14 m/s, wind range I; those between 10 and 14 m/s, wind range II; and those between 5 and 10 m/s, wind range III. Events consisted of ensembles of abutting 30‐min subsets spanning 5.5 to 23 hr. The mean vector wind time scale of T0 = 30 min was found to be reasonable for the West Florida Shelf region. The first wind range provided the best results, more or less in line with a Kolmogorov −5/3 power law whose mean vector wind speed over 21 subsets (10.5 hr) was nearly 15 m/s. The one‐dimensional turbulent power spectra provided an estimate of the dissipation rate (ε) from which other turbulent quantities could be computed: u*, τ, and Cd (the frictional velocity, the surface stress, and the drag coefficient, respectively). The salient point here is that these quantities were larger than those from previous observational studies. Where the power law was not operant intrinsic turbulent spatial scales ranged from 1 to 0.1 m and provide evidence of anisotropy for frequencies greater than 0.1 Hz.
Perturbations to Global Energy Budget Due to Absorbing and Scattering Aerosols
Authors: Suzuki Kentaroh , Takemura Toshihiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImpacts of absorbing and scattering aerosols on global energy balance are investigated with a global climate model. A series of sensitivity experiments perturbing emissions of black carbon and sulfate aerosols individually is conducted with the model to explore how components of global energy budget change in response to the instantaneous radiative forcing due to the two types of aerosols. It is demonstrated how differing vertical structures of the instantaneous radiative forcing between the two aerosols induce distinctively different proportions of fast and slow climate responses through different energy redistribution into atmosphere and surface. These characteristics are quantified in the form of the whole picture of global energy budget perturbations normalized by the top‐of‐atmosphere instantaneous radiative forcing. The energy budget perturbation per “unit” instantaneous forcing thus quantified reveals relative magnitudes of changes to different component fluxes in restoring atmospheric and surface energy balances through fast and slow responses. The normalized picture then directly links the “initial forcing” to the eventual climate “responses,” thereby explaining how starkly different responses of the global‐mean temperature and precipitation are induced by the two types of aerosols. The study underscores a critical need for better quantifications of the forcings' vertical structure and atmospheric rapid adjustment for reliable estimates of climatic impact of absorbing and scattering aerosols. In particular, cloud responses through the indirect and semidirect effects and the sensible heat decrease in response to stabilized atmosphere due to the black carbon heating are identified as key uncertain components in the global energy budget perturbation.
High‐Resolution Modeling of ENSO‐Induced Precipitation in the Tropical Andes: Implications for Proxy Interpretation
Authors: Kiefer J. , Karamperidou C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSediment records from Lake Pallcacocha, Ecuador, have been interpreted as proxies of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, owing to increased precipitation in the area during El Niño events. However, the lake's watershed receives precipitation from processes arising from both the eastern and western Andes, where ENSO has different impacts; this has led to ambiguity in observed regional ENSO signals and has consequently challenged the suitability of the lake's records as ENSO proxies. Here, a mesoscale weather prediction model is used to investigate the regional circulation dynamics and precipitation response during different ENSO events, namely, Eastern Pacific (EP), Central Pacific (CP), coastal El Niño (COA), and La Niña (LN). The region receives more accumulated precipitation during COA and LN compared to EP and CP events. However, during EP and COA events, the region is prone to extreme precipitation associated with convective bursts originating from the Pacific. During CP and LN, moisture originates from the Atlantic and may reach the area as broader‐scale less‐intense precipitation. Statistical analysis of modeled precipitation reveals consistency between the number of threshold‐exceeding precipitation events in the high Andean elevations and the number of events identified in the late Holocene Pallcacocha record. These results illustrate the importance of considering ENSO flavors when interpreting paleoclimate proxies, highlight the role of COA events in understanding eastern Pacific proxy records, and support the hypothesis that Holocene changes in the number of events recorded in the lake sediment may indicate a change in the relative frequency of ENSO flavors.
Initial Deformation of the Northern Tibetan Plateau: Insights From Deposition of the Lulehe Formation in the Qaidam Basin
Authors: Cheng Feng , Garzione Carmala N. , Jolivet Marc , Guo Zhaojie , Zhang Daowei , Zhang Changhao , Zhang Qiquan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Paleogene Lulehe Formation marks the onset of deposition in the Qaidam basin and preserves evidence of the initial topographic growth of northern Tibet. However, limited outcrops impede understanding of the sedimentary features of the Lulehe Formation as well as the tectonic relationship between the basin and surrounding topography. To fill this gap, we investigated core samples along the basin margin and conducted flexural modeling to estimate the topographic load of the Qilian Shan and Eastern Kunlun Shan during the deposition of the Lulehe Formation. Core samples reveal that the Lulehe Formation mainly consists of distal fluvial to marginal lacustrine deposits and proximal fluvial deposits along the southern margin of the basin while characterized by proximal alluvial fan deposits along the northern margin of the basin. Together with evidence for faulting shown on the seismic profiles, we infer that simultaneous deformation within the Qilian Shan and Altyn Tagh Shan during the Paleogene resulted in accumulation of coarse detrital deposits in the northwestern and northeastern Qaidam basin. The simultaneous deformation within the Altyn Tagh Shan and Qilian Shan since the Paleogene supports the idea that deformation in these two regions is kinematically linked. One‐ and two‐load beam flexural modeling indicates that the topographic load generated by both the Eastern Kunlun Shan and the Qilian Shan is responsible for the subsidence of the Qaidam basin during deposition of the Lulehe Formation. Our results highlight the initial relative high topography in the northern Tibetan plateau during the early Cenozoic.
Placebo aiTBS attenuates suicidal ideation and frontopolar cortical perfusion in major depression
Authors: Baeken Chris , Wu Guo-Rong , van Heeringen Kees 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been shown to rapidly decrease suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neural working mechanisms behind this prompt attenuation of suicidal thoughts remains to be determined. Here, we examined how placebo-accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) may influence brain perfusion and suicidal thoughts using arterial spin labeling (ASL). In a randomized double-blind sham-controlled crossover trial, 45 MDD patients received aiTBS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Trial registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01832805). With each ASL scan measurement, suicidal ideation was assessed with the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) and depression severity with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Compared with active stimulation, the attenuation of suicidal ideation after 4 days of placebo aiTBS was related to significant frontopolar prefrontal perfusion decreases. These findings were unrelated to changes in depression severity scores. Although both active and sham aiTBS resulted in prompt decreases in suicidal ideation, specifically sham aiTBS significantly attenuated frontopolar perfusion in relation to reductions in BSI scores. Our findings show that in accelerated neurostimulation paradigms, placebo responses are related to perfusion decreases in brain areas associated with higher cognitive processes, resulting in suicidal ideation attenuation.
Altered gut metabolome contributes to depression-like behaviors in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Authors: Jianguo Li , Xueyang Jia , Cui Wang , Changxin Wu , Xuemei Qin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe gut microbiota has been increasingly correlated with depressive disorder. It was recently shown that the transplantation of the gut microbiota from depressed patients to animals can produce depressive-like behaviors, suggesting that the gut microbiota plays a causal role in the development of depression. In addition, metabolic disorder, which is strongly associated with depression, is exacerbated by changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and is alleviated by treatment with antidepressants. However, the key players and pathways that link the gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of depression remain largely unknown. To evaluate the relationships between depression and metabolic disorders in feces and plasma, we monitored changes in fecal and plasma metabolomes during the development of depressive-like behaviors in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). In these animals, the fecal metabolome was altered first and subjected to changes in the plasma metabolome. Changes in the abundance of fecal metabolites were associated with depressive-like behaviors and with altered levels of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the analysis of the fecal metabolome and the fecal microbiota in CUMS rats demonstrated consistent changes in the levels of several amino acids, including L-threonine, isoleucine, alanine, serine, tyrosine, and oxidized proline. Finally, we observed significant correlations between these amino acids and the altered fecal microbiota. The results of this study suggest that changes in amino acid metabolism by the gut microbiota contribute to changes in circulating amino acids and are associated with the behavior indices of depression.
ADGRL3 (LPHN3) variants predict substance use disorder
Authors: Arcos-Burgos Mauricio , Vélez Jorge I. , Martinez Ariel F. , Ribasés Marta , Ramos-Quiroga Josep A. , Sánchez-Mora Cristina , Richarte Vanesa , Roncero Carlos , Cormand Bru , Fernández-Castillo Noelia , Casas Miguel , Lopera Francisco , Pineda David A. , Palacio Juan D. , Acosta-López Johan E. , Cervantes-Henriquez Martha L. , Sánchez-Rojas Manuel G. , Puentes-Rozo Pedro J. , Molina Brooke S. G. ,   MTA Cooperative Group, Boden Margaret T. , Wallis Deeann , Lidbury Brett , Newman Saul , Easteal Simon , Swanson James , Patel Hardip , Volkow Nora , Acosta Maria T. , Castellanos Francisco X. , de Leon Jose , Mastronardi Claudio A. , Muenke Maximilian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGenetic factors are strongly implicated in the susceptibility to develop externalizing syndromes such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorder (SUD). Variants in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3) gene predispose to ADHD and predict ADHD severity, disruptive behaviors comorbidity, long-term outcome, and response to treatment. In this study, we investigated whether variants within ADGRL3 are associated with SUD, a disorder that is frequently co-morbid with ADHD. Using family-based, case-control, and longitudinal samples from disparate regions of the world (n = 2698), recruited either for clinical, genetic epidemiological or pharmacogenomic studies of ADHD, we assembled recursive-partitioning frameworks (classification tree analyses) with clinical, demographic, and ADGRL3 genetic information to predict SUD susceptibility. Our results indicate that SUD can be efficiently and robustly predicted in ADHD participants. The genetic models used remained highly efficient in predicting SUD in a large sample of individuals with severe SUD from a psychiatric institution that were not ascertained on the basis of ADHD diagnosis, thus identifying ADGRL3 as a risk gene for SUD. Recursive-partitioning analyses revealed that rs4860437 was the predominant predictive variant. This new methodological approach offers novel insights into higher order predictive interactions and offers a unique opportunity for translational application in the clinical assessment of patients at high risk for SUD.
TTC3 contributes to TGF-β1-induced epithelial−mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast differentiation, potentially through SMURF2 ubiquitylation and degradation
Authors: Kim June-Hyung , Ham Sangwoo , Lee Yunjong , Suh Gee Young , Lee Yun-Song 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) acts as a key cytokine in epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) and myofibroblast differentiation, which are important for normal tissue repair and fibrotic diseases. Ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TGF-β signaling proteins acts as a regulatory mechanism for the precise control of TGF-β signaling. SMAD-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase (SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2, SMURF2) controls TGF-β signaling proteins including the TGF-β receptor (TGFR) and SMAD2/3. Here, we report that tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3 (TTC3), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, positively regulates TGF-β1-induced EMT and myofibroblast differentiation, through inducing ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of SMURF2. In human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and normal human lung fibroblasts, TTC3 knockdown suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT and myofibroblast differentiation, respectively. Similarly, when TTC3 expression was suppressed, the TGF-β1-stimulated elevation of p-SMAD2, SMAD2, p-SMAD3, and SMAD3 were inhibited. In contrast, overexpression of TTC3 caused both EMT and myofibroblast differentiation in the absence of TGF-β1 treatment. TGF-β1 reduced SMURF2 levels and TTC3 overexpression led to a further decrease in SMURF2 levels, while TTC3 knockdown inhibited TGF-β1-induced SMURF2 reduction. In cell and in vitro ubiquitylation assays demonstrated TTC3-mediated SMURF2 ubiquitylation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays established the binding between SMURF2 and TTC3. TGF-β1-induced TTC3 expression was inhibited by the knockdown of SMAD2 and SMAD3. Finally, Ttc3 mRNA levels were significantly increased and Smurf2 protein levels were significantly decreased in the lungs of mice treated with bleomycin as compared with the lungs of control mice. Collectively, these data suggest that TTC3 may contribute to TGF-β1-induced EMT and myofibroblast differentiation, potentially through SMURF2 ubiquitylation/proteasomal degradation and subsequent inhibition of SMURF2-mediated suppression of SMAD2 and SMAD3, which in turn induces TTC3 expression.
Optimal dosing of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for seasonal malaria chemoprevention in young children
Authors: Chotsiri Palang , Zongo Issaka , Milligan Paul , Compaore Yves Daniel , Somé Anyirékun Fabrice , Chandramohan Daniel , Hanpithakpong Warunee , Nosten François , Greenwood Brian , Rosenthal Philip J. , White Nicholas J. , Ouédraogo Jean-Bosco , Tarning Joel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractYoung children are the population most severely affected by Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine provides substantial benefit to this vulnerable population, but resistance to the drugs will develop. Here, we evaluate the use of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine as an alternative regimen in 179 children (aged 2.33–58.1 months). Allometrically scaled body weight on pharmacokinetic parameters of piperaquine result in lower drug exposures in small children after a standard mg per kg dosage. A covariate-free sigmoidal EMAX-model describes the interval to malaria re-infections satisfactorily. Population-based simulations suggest that small children would benefit from a higher dosage according to the WHO 2015 guideline. Increasing the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine dosage and extending the dose schedule to four monthly doses result in a predicted relative reduction in malaria incidence of up to 58% during the high transmission season. The higher and extended dosing schedule to cover the high transmission period for SMC could improve the preventive efficacy substantially.
Bisnorgammacerane traces predatory pressure and the persistent rise of algal ecosystems after Snowball Earth
Authors: van Maldegem Lennart M. , Sansjofre Pierre , Weijers Johan W. H. , Wolkenstein Klaus , Strother Paul K. , Wörmer Lars , Hefter Jens , Nettersheim Benjamin J. , Hoshino Yosuke , Schouten Stefan , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Nath Nilamoni , Griesinger Christian , Kuznetsov Nikolay B. , Elie Marcel , Elvert Marcus , Tegelaar Erik , Gleixner Gerd , Hallmann Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEukaryotic algae rose to ecological relevance after the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth glaciations, but the causes for this consequential evolutionary transition remain enigmatic. Cap carbonates were globally deposited directly after these glaciations, but they are usually organic barren or thermally overprinted. Here we show that uniquely-preserved cap dolostones of the Araras Group contain exceptional abundances of a newly identified biomarker: 25,28-bisnorgammacerane. Its secular occurrence, carbon isotope systematics and co-occurrence with other demethylated terpenoids suggest a mechanistic connection to extensive microbial degradation of ciliate-derived biomass in bacterially dominated ecosystems. Declining 25,28-bisnorgammacerane concentrations, and a parallel rise of steranes over hopanes, indicate the transition from a bacterial to eukaryotic dominated ecosystem after the Marinoan deglaciation. Nutrient levels already increased during the Cryogenian and were a prerequisite, but not the ultimate driver for the algal rise. Intense predatory pressure by bacterivorous protists may have irrevocably cleared self-sustaining cyanobacterial ecosystems, thereby creating the ecological opportunity that allowed for the persistent rise of eukaryotic algae to global importance.
Mechanism of IRSp53 inhibition by 14-3-3
Authors: Kast David J. , Dominguez Roberto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFilopodia are precursors of dendritic spines and polarized cell migration. The I-BAR-domain protein IRSp53 is a key regulator of filopodia dynamics that couples Rho-GTPase signaling to cytoskeleton and membrane remodeling, playing essential roles in neuronal development and cell motility. Here, we describe the structural-functional basis for 14-3-3-dependent inhibition of IRSp53. Phosphoproteomics, quantitative binding and crystallographic studies demonstrate that 14-3-3 binds to two pairs of phosphorylation sites in IRSp53. Using bicistronic expression, we obtain an IRSp53 heterodimer in which only one subunit is phosphorylated, and show that each subunit of IRSp53 independently binds one 14-3-3 dimer. A FRET-sensor assay using natively phosphorylated IRSp53 reveals opposite conformational changes upon binding of activatory (Cdc42, Eps8) or inhibitory (14-3-3) inputs. Finally, we show that 14-3-3 inhibits IRSp53 binding to membranes. Collectively, our findings support a mechanism whereby phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of IRSp53 by 14-3-3 counters membrane binding and interactions with Cdc42 and downstream cytoskeletal effectors.
Infrared-pump electronic-probe of methylammonium lead iodide reveals electronically decoupled organic and inorganic sublattices
Authors: Guo Peijun , Mannodi-Kanakkithodi Arun , Gong Jue , Xia Yi , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Cao Duyen H. , Diroll Benjamin T. , Ketterson John B. , Wiederrecht Gary P. , Xu Tao , Chan Maria K. Y. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Schaller Richard D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganic-inorganic hybrid perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are game-changing semiconductors for solar cells and light-emitting devices owing to their defect tolerance and exceptionally long carrier lifetimes and diffusion lengths. Determining whether the dynamically disordered organic cations with large dipole moment benefit the optoelectronic properties of CH3NH3PbI3 has been an outstanding challenge. Herein, via transient absorption measurements employing an infrared pump pulse tuned to a methylammonium vibration, we observe slow, nanosecond-long thermal dissipation from the selectively excited organic mode to the inorganic sublattice. The resulting transient electronic signatures, during the period of thermal-nonequilibrium when the induced thermal motions are mostly concentrated on the organic sublattice, reveal that the induced atomic motions of the organic cations do not alter the absorption or the photoluminescence response of CH3NH3PbI3, beyond thermal effects. Our results suggest that the attractive optoelectronic properties of CH3NH3PbI3 mainly derive from the inorganic lead-halide framework.
Molecular weight fractionation by confinement of polymer in one-dimensional pillar[5]arene channels
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Sueto Ryuta , Yagyu Masafumi , Kojima Ryosuke , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada-aki , Doitomi Kazuki , Tummanapelli Anil Kumar , Hirao Hajime , Sakata Yoko , Akine Shigehisa , Mizuno Motohiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractConfinement of polymers in nano-spaces can induce unique molecular dynamics and properties. Here we show molecular weight fractionation by the confinement of single polymer chains of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in the one-dimensional (1D) channels of crystalline pillar[5]arene. Pillar[5]arene crystals are activated by heating under reduced pressure. The activated crystals are immersed in melted PEO, causing the crystals to selectively take up PEO with high mass fraction. The high mass fractionation is caused by the greater number of attractive CH/π interactions between PEO C-H groups and the π-electron-rich 1D channel of the pillar[5]arene with increasing PEO chain length. The molecular motion of the confined PEO (PEO chain thickness of ~3.7 Å) in the 1D channel of pillar[5]arenes (diameter of ~4.7 Å) is highly restricted compared with that of neat PEO.
Author Correction: Aberrant activation of non-coding RNA targets of transcriptional elongation complexes contributes to TDP-43 toxicity
Authors: Chung Chia-Yu , Berson Amit , Kennerdell Jason R. , Sartoris Ashley , Unger Travis , Porta Sílvia , Kim Hyung-Jun , Smith Edwin R. , Shilatifard Ali , Van Deerlin Vivianna , Lee Virginia M. -Y. , Chen-Plotkin Alice , Bonini Nancy M. 
Published: January 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Alice Chen-Plotkin with the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA was inadvertently omitted. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.