bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Diagnosis of Cloacal Anomalies: An Analysis of Pattern of Presentation with Emphasis in Males
Authors: Gowda Mamatha , Kothandaraman Keerthana , Thiagarajan Monica , Paranthaman Shanthi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to recognize the ultrasound findings and describe the pattern and spectrum of cloacal anomalies in prenatal life with special attention to pattern recognition in males. This study included a retrospective cohort analysis over 3 years. Of the 14 cases suspected prenatally, the diagnosis was confirmed by fetal autopsy in ten and postnatal surgery in two. There were 8 male fetuses, 3 females and 2 in whom sex couldn’t be determined and no information on sex was available in 1 case. The major findings on antenatal ultrasound were abdomino-pelvic mass in 6 (43%), ascites in 6 (43%), oligohydramnios in 12 (86%), hydronephrosis in 3 (21%), renal agenesis in 5 (36%), multi-cystic kidney disease in 4 (29%), non-visualization of bladder in 12 (86%), single umbilical artery in 2 (21%), ambiguity of external genitalia in 5 (36%), cardiac defects in 4 (29%), limb defects in 3 (21%) and spine anomalies in 3 (21%). Prenatal diagnosis of cloacal malformation should be suspected in the presence of a pelvic cystic mass with fluid-debris level and is reinforced when renal anomalies, non-visualization of bladder and anhydramnios accompany. More research is needed to focus on the pattern of presentation in male fetuses.
Artroscopia de punho em atletas
Authors: França Bisneto Edgard Novaes , de Paula Emygdio José Leomil , Mattar Rames 
Published: February 2018

ResumoA artroscopia é uma técnica cirúrgica que tem sido cada vez mais usada para a abordagem de lesões no punho. Atletas estão sujeitos a lesões traumáticas no punho devido à sobrecarga de treinamento ou à intensidade da atividade em competição.A necessidade de retornar o mais breve possível à pratica esportiva faz da artroscopia uma técnica minimamente invasiva muito útil nessas situações. Os autores apresentam as principais indicações de tratamento de lesões esportivas por artroscopia. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura.
Is caregiver refusal of analgesics a barrier to pediatric emergency pain management? A cross-sectional study in two Canadian centres
Authors: Whiston Caroline , Ali Samina , Wright Bruce , Wonnacott David , Stang Antonia S. , Thompson Graham C. , Bhat Chirag , Todorovich Sydney , Mishra Ashutosh , Laczko Dora , Miller Michael , Poonai Naveen 
Published: February 2018

CLINICIAN’S CAPSULEWhat is known about the topic?Children’s pain in the emergency department (ED) continues to be under-recognized and sub-optimally managed.What did this study ask?We sought to evaluate the frequency of caregiver/child acceptance of analgesia offered in the ED.What did this study find?Of the 743 children who presented to the ED with a painful condition, 408 (54.9%) were offered analgesia. If offered in the ED, analgesia was accepted by 91% (373/408) of the caregivers/children.Why does this study matter to clinicians?This study suggests that caregiver/child refusal of analgesia is a not a major barrier to optimal pain management and highlights the importance of ED personnel in encouraging adequate analgesia.
Observations and Light Curve Solutions of Ultrashort-Period Eclipsing Binaries
Authors: Kjurkchieva Diana P. , Dimitrov Dinko P. , Ibryamov Sunay I. , Vasileva Doroteya L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhotometric observations in V and I bands and low-dispersion spectra of 10 ultrashort-period binaries (NSVS 2175434, NSVS 2607629, NSVS 5038135, NSVS 8040227, NSVS 9747584, NSVS 4876238, ASAS 071829-0336.7, SWASP 074658.62+224448.5, NSVS 2729229, NSVS 10632802) are presented. One of them, NSVS 2729229, is newly discovered target. The results from modelling and analysis of our observations revealed that (i) eight targets have overcontact configurations with considerable fill-out factor (up to 0.5), while NSVS 4876238 and ASAS 0718-03 have almost contact configurations; (ii) NSVS 4876238 is rare ultrashort-period binary of detached type; (iii) all stellar components are late dwarfs; (iv) the temperature difference of the components of each target does not exceed 400 K; (v) NSVS 2175434 and SWASP 074658.62 + 224448.5 exhibit total eclipses and their parameters could be assumed as well determined; (v) NSVS 2729229 shows emission in the Hα line. Masses, radii, and luminosities of the stellar components were estimated by the empirical relation ‘period, orbital axis’ for short- and ultrashort-period binaries. We found linear relations mass–luminosity and mass–radius for the stellar components of our targets.
Beyond Nationalism and Regionalism: The Stability of Economic Voting in Canada
Authors: Daoust Jean-François , Dassonneville Ruth 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrevious research has argued that while economic voting is quite consistently found to be an important mechanism in the rest of Canada, it is rather weak in Quebec. Guérin and Nadeau (1998) have demonstrated that whether or not citizens in Quebec vote economically depends on the party system. Following their lead, we expect that the presence of a dominant regionalist party in Quebec after 1993 (the Bloc Québécois) inhibited Quebeckers from voting economically. However, our results do not offer evidence for this hypothesis. Furthermore, we find only weak evidence of economic voting being moderated by voters’ attitudes towards Quebec independence. Our study hence suggests that the impact of economic accountability in Canada is not hindered by a strong regional party or by the salience of the issue of Quebec independence. The economic vote, it seems, is more stable and general than it is regularly argued to be.
On the diverse and widely ignored Paleocene avifauna of Menat (Puy-de-Dôme, France): new taxonomic records and unusual soft tissue preservation
Authors: MAYR GERALD , HERVET SOPHIE , BUFFETAUT ERIC 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Paleocene locality of Menat (Puy-de-Dôme, France) has yielded several avian fossils, which remained poorly studied, even though some were found almost a century ago. Here, we review some of the material in public collections and show that those birds from Menat, which are at least tentatively identifiable, resemble taxa from early Eocene fossil localities. A largely complete skeleton of a medium-sized bird with strong feet shows affinities to the early Eocene Halcyornithidae and Messelasturidae, which are considered to be representatives of the clade including Psittaciformes and Passeriformes. Another skeleton of a small species resembles the Songziidae from the lower Eocene of China, which are representatives of Ralloidea, the clade including Rallidae and Heliornithidae. A new and previously unreported specimen exhibits exceptional soft tissue preservation, in that the bones appear to be largely dissolved but the podotheca of the feet and even the soft parts around the shank are visible; the plumage remains of this specimen furthermore show an unusual bluish hue.
THE UNITED STATES, BRITAIN, AND MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO NIGERIA
Authors: WYSS MARCO 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn Nigeria, Britain asserted its post-colonial security role during and immediately after the transfer of power, and remained responsible for assisting the Nigerian armed forces. While the Americans recognized Nigeria's potential as an important partner in the Cold War, they preferred to focus on development aid. Washington was thus supposed to complement British assistance, while leaving the responsibility for the security sector to London. But with the escalation of the Cold War in Africa, the Nigerians’ efforts to reduce their dependency on the United Kingdom, and Nigeria's growing significance for the United States in African affairs, this Anglo-American burden-sharing was increasingly questioned in Washington. The United States thus eventually decided to militarize its aid policy towards Nigeria. In analysing the militarization of US aid policy towards Nigeria, this article will, first, assess the Anglo-American relationship in the early 1960s; secondly, position Nigeria in American Cold War policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa; thirdly, question the role of military assistance in Washington's policy towards Nigeria and Africa; and fourthly, discover the regional and local factors that influenced policy-makers in Washington and London.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY
STRUCTURE AND AGE OF SEXUAL DEBUT AMONG YOUNG
PERSONS IN JAMAICA
Authors: Oshi Daniel C. , Mckenzie Jordan , Baxter Martin , Robinson Royelle , Neil Stephan , Greene Tayla , Wright Wayne , Lodge Jeorghino 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThere is a high and increasing proportion of
single-parent families in Jamaica. This has raised
concerns about the potential impact of single-parent
families on the social, cognitive and behavioural
development of children, including their sexual
relationships. The aim of this study was to
investigate the association between being raised in
a single-parent family and age of sexual debut among
young people in Jamaica. The study was
cross-sectional in design, and based on a
multi-stage sampling procedure. The study was
conducted in July/September 2016. The study sample
comprised 233 respondents (110 males and 123
females) aged from 18 to 35 years (mean 26.37 years;
SD 5.46). Respondents completed a self-administered
questionnaire with questions on socio-demographic
characteristics, family structure, sexual debut and
current sexual behaviour. Ninety-seven (41.7%)
respondents grew up in single-parent families. A
total of 201 (86.3%) had had sex (102 males and 99
females). Their mean age of sexual debut was 15.51
years (SD 3.41). Sixty-five (32.3%) had early sexual
debut (<16 years). Respondents from
single-parent families were more likely to have had
early sexual debut (56.9%; n=37)
compared with those from two-parent families (43.1%,
n=28;
p=0.004). Only 44.6%
(n=29) of those who experienced
early sexual debut used a condom during their first
sexual encounter compared with 73%
(n=100) of those who had a later
sexual debut (≥16 years;
p=<0.001). A single-father
family structure was a significant predictor of
early sexual debut (AOR 5.5; 95%CI: 1.1–25.8). The
study found a significant association between
single-parent family structure and age of sexual
debut.
What life course theoretical models best explain the relationship between exposure to childhood adversity and psychopathology symptoms: recency, accumulation, or sensitive periods?
Authors: Dunn Erin C. , Soare Thomas W. , Raffeld Miriam R. , Busso Daniel S. , Crawford Katherine M. , Davis Kathryn A. , Fisher Virginia A. , Slopen Natalie , Smith Andrew D.A.C. , Tiemeier Henning , Susser Ezra S. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAlthough childhood adversity is a potent determinant of psychopathology, relatively little is known about how the characteristics of adversity exposure, including its developmental timing or duration, influence subsequent mental health outcomes. This study compared three models from life course theory (recency, accumulation, sensitive period) to determine which one(s) best explained this relationship.MethodsProspective data came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n= 7476). Four adversities commonly linked to psychopathology (caregiver physical/emotional abuse; sexual/physical abuse; financial stress; parent legal problems) were measured repeatedly from birth to age 8. Using a statistical modeling approach grounded in least angle regression, we determined the theoretical model(s) explaining the most variability (r2) in psychopathology symptoms measured at age 8 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and evaluated the magnitude of each association.ResultsRecencywas the best fitting theoretical model for the effect of physical/sexual abuse (girlsr2= 2.35%; boysr2= 1.68%). Bothrecency(girlsr2= 1.55%) andaccumulation(boysr2= 1.71%) were the best fitting models for caregiver physical/emotional abuse.Sensitive periodmodels were chosen alone (parent legal problems in boysr2= 0.29%) and withaccumulation(financial stress in girlsr2= 3.08%) more rarely. Substantial effect sizes were observed (standardized mean differences = 0.22–1.18).ConclusionsChild psychopathology symptoms are primarily explained by recency and accumulation models. Evidence for sensitive periods did not emerge strongly in these data. These findings underscore the need to measure the characteristics of adversity, which can aid in understanding disease mechanisms and determining how best to reduce the consequences of exposure to adversity.
Psychotic experiences and general medical conditions: a cross-national analysis based on 28 002 respondents from 16 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Authors: Scott Kate M. , Saha Sukanta , Lim Carmen C.W. , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Al-Hamzawi Ali , Alonso Jordi , Benjet Corina , Bromet Evelyn J. , Bruffaerts Ronny , Caldas-de-Almeida José Miguel , de Girolamo Giovanni , de Jonge Peter , Degenhardt Louisa , Florescu Silvia , Gureje Oye , Haro Josep M. , Hu Chiyi , Karam Elie G. , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Lee Sing , Lepine Jean-Pierre , Mneimneh Zeina , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Piazza Marina , Posada-Villa José , Sampson Nancy A. , Stagnaro Juan Carlos , Kessler Ronald C. , McGrath John J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work has identified associations between psychotic experiences (PEs) and general medical conditions (GMCs), but their temporal direction remains unclear as does the extent to which they are independent of comorbid mental disorders.MethodsIn total, 28 002 adults in 16 countries from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys were assessed for PEs, GMCs and 21 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders. Discrete-time survival analyses were used to estimate the associations between PEs and GMCs with various adjustments.ResultsAfter adjustment for comorbid mental disorders, temporally prior PEs were significantly associated with subsequent onset of 8/12 GMCs (arthritis, back or neck pain, frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and peptic ulcer) with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.5] to 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.4). In contrast, only three GMCs (frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain and asthma) were significantly associated with subsequent onset of PEs after adjustment for comorbid GMCs and mental disorders, with ORs ranging from 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.9) to 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4).ConclusionsPEs were associated with the subsequent onset of a wide range of GMCs, independent of comorbid mental disorders. There were also associations between some medical conditions (particularly those involving chronic pain) and subsequent PEs. Although these findings will need to be confirmed in prospective studies, clinicians should be aware that psychotic symptoms may be risk markers for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Whether PEs are causal risk factors will require further research.
Trajectory generation and step planning of a 12 DoF biped robot on uneven surface
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Dutta Ashish 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARYOne of the primary goals of biped locomotion is to generate and execute joint trajectories on a corresponding step plan that takes the robot from a start point to a goal while avoiding obstacles and consuming as little energy as possible. Past researchers have studied trajectory generation and step planning independently, mainly because optimal generation of robot gait using dynamic formulation cannot be done in real time. Also, most step-planning studies are for flat terrain guided by search heuristics. In the proposed method, a framework for generating trajectories as well as an overall step plan for navigation of a 12 degrees of freedom biped on an uneven terrain with obstacles is presented. In order to accomplish this, a dynamic model of the robot is developed and a trajectory generation program is integrated with it using gait variables. The variables are determined using a genetic algorithm based optimization program with the objective of minimizing energy consumption subject to balance and kinematic constraints of the biped. A database of these variables for various terrain angles and walking motions is used to train two neural networks, one for real-time trajectory generation and another for energy estimation. To develop a global navigation strategy, a weighted A* search is used to generate the footstep plan with energy considerations in sight. The efficacy of the approach is exhibited through simulation-based results on a variety of terrains.
Early detection and successful treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy in outpatients without the complete classic triad of symptoms who attended a psycho-oncology clinic
Authors: Onishi Hideki , Ishida Mayumi , Tanahashi Iori , Takahashi Takao , Ikebuchi Kenji , Taji Yoshitada , Kato Hisashi , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveWernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by a thiamine deficiency. Although WE has been recognized in cancer patients, it can be overlooked because many patients do not exhibit symptoms that are typical of WE, such as delirium, ataxia, or ocular palsy. Furthermore, outpatients with WE who intermittently present at psycho-oncology clinics have not been described as far as we can ascertain.MethodThis report describes two patients who did not exhibit the complete classic triad of symptoms among a series with cancer and WE, and who attended a psycho-oncology outpatient clinic.ResultCase 1, a 76-year-old woman with pancreatic cancer and liver metastasis, periodically attended a psycho-oncology outpatient clinic. She presented with delirium and ataxia as well as appetite loss that had persisted for 8 weeks. We suspected WE, which was confirmed by low serum thiamine levels and the disappearance of delirium after thiamine administration. Case 2, a 79-year-old man with advanced stomach cancer, was referred to a psycho-oncology outpatient clinic with depression that had persisted for about 1 month. He also had appetite loss that had persisted for several weeks. He became delirious during the first visit to the outpatient clinic. Our initial suspicion of WE was confirmed by low serum thiamine levels and the disappearance of delirium after thiamine administration. The key indicator of a diagnosis of WE in both patients was appetite loss.Significance of resultsThis report emphasizes awareness of WE in the outpatient setting, even when patients do not exhibit the classical triad of WE. Appetite loss might be the key to a diagnosis of WE in the absence of other causes of delirium.
Psychological morbidity in family caregivers of people living with terminal cancer: Prevalence and predictors
Authors: Areia Neide P. , Fonseca Gabriela , Major Sofia , Relvas Ana P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe issues surrounding a patient's terminal phase of cancer and the imminent death of the individual represent a major family crisis affecting all its members. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychological morbidity in family caregivers of persons with terminal cancer in terms of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, somatization, and complicated anticipatory grief, and to determine which factors may influence these responses.MethodOne hundred and twelve family caregivers of individuals with terminal cancer completed an assessment protocol comprising the Brief Symptom Inventory (depression, anxiety, somatization, and a computed score for global distress), the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory - Short Form (anticipatory grief), the Family Inventory of Needs (importance and satisfaction of needs), and the Systemic Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation -15 (family functioning). Prevalence of psychological morbidity was determined through descriptive and frequency statistics. Predictors of psychological morbidity were ascertained through structural equation modelling methods.ResultRegarding the prevalence of psychological morbidity in family caregivers, 66.1% reported high levels of distress, 68.8% showed high risk of depression, 72.3% showed high risk of anxiety, 50.9% reported high levels of somatization, and 25.9% showed high risk of complicated anticipatory grief. It was found that the predictors of age, gender, relationship to the family member with terminal cancer, the caregiving role played (i.e., primary vs. nonprimary), the satisfaction of needs by healthcare professionals, and family functioning play an important role in terms of one's risk of developing psychological morbidity.Significance of resultsThis study revealed an alarming prevalence of psychological morbidity in family caregivers of individuals living with terminal cancer, making it crucial to move forward from a patient-centered approach to a family-centrad approach to reduce the risk of family maladjustment when facing the imminent death of a family member and to prevent postdeath unadjusted responses.
Whole-blood sorting, enrichment and in situ immunolabeling of cellular subsets using acoustic microstreaming
Authors: Garg Neha , Westerhof Trisha M. , Liu Vick , Liu Robin , Nelson Edward L. , Lee Abraham P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnalyzing undiluted whole human blood is a challenge due to its complex composition of hematopoietic cellular populations, nucleic acids, metabolites, and proteins. We present a novel multi-functional microfluidic acoustic streaming platform that enables sorting, enrichment and in situ identification of cellular subsets from whole blood. This single device platform, based on lateral cavity acoustic transducers (LCAT), enables (1) the sorting of undiluted donor whole blood into its cellular subsets (platelets, RBCs, and WBCs), (2) the enrichment and retrieval of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) spiked in donor whole blood at rare cell relevant concentrations (10 mL−1), and (3) on-chip immunofluorescent labeling for the detection of specific target cellular populations by their known marker expression patterns. Our approach thus demonstrates a compact system that integrates upstream sample processing with downstream separation/enrichment, to carry out multi-parametric cell analysis for blood-based diagnosis and liquid biopsy blood sampling.