bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenic Modifications Can Significantly Influence the Local Mean Sea Level and Affect the Survival of Salt Marshes in Shallow Tidal Systems
Authors: Silvestri Sonia , D'Alpaos Andrea , Nordio Giovanna , Carniello Luca 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn a shallow dissipative tidal system, interventions that modify the local morphology in one location of the basin may quickly affect the surrounding areas, promoting strong changes in their morphology. If the localized modification persists over time, it may produce far‐field morphological modifications at delayed times. These modifications may have an impact on the local mean sea level and on tidal range, affecting the fate of salt marshes with implications for their survival. In this study, we investigate the effect of two anthropic interventions performed between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century in the northern Venice lagoon (Italy): the construction of jetties at one inlet and the removal of reed barriers protecting a fish farm in the inner lagoon. Using a 2‐D numerical model to reproduce the hydrodynamics of different historical lagoon configurations and a zero dimensional model of marsh vertical accretion, we investigate the effect of these interventions on the salt marshes of the northern lagoon basin. Interestingly, our results show that the increased depth at the inlet induced by the jetties lowered the local mean sea level of nearby areas and increased the tidal range, producing a temporary positive feedback on the stability of the marshes in proximity of the inlet. On the contrary, in the inner lagoon areas characterized by extremely low marshes, the removal of reed barriers delimiting a fish farm may have reduced the sediment fluxes thus contributing to the drowning of large marsh surfaces.
Strong Associations Between Biogeochemical Factors and Sb Species in Sediments of the World's Largest Sb Mine (Xikuangshan) in China
Authors: Liang Zhi‐wei , Hua Zheng‐shuan , Jia Pu , Liu Jun , Luo Zhen‐hao , Chen Wen‐ce , Kuang Jia‐liang , Liao Bin , Shu Wen‐sheng , Li Jin‐tian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUncovering the factors influencing antimony (Sb) species in sediments is crucial to understanding the biogeochemical behavior of Sb, given that sediments are an important sink for Sb in the environment. Such factors, however, have rarely been documented in natural sediments. In this study, we examined Sb species in 40 sediments of the world's largest Sb mine (Xikuangshan) located in southern China and tried to relate them to not only geochemical properties of the sediments but also their microbiological parameters obtained with the next‐generation DNA sequencing and metagenomics. We showed that Sb(III) accounted for <30% of inorganic Sb [Sb(III) + Sb(V)] in the sediments. Linear regression analysis revealed that the percentage of Sb(III) was negatively correlated to redox potential (Eh) but positively correlated to concentration of Fe(II), electrical conductivity, and the relative abundance of Sb(V)‐reducing microbes of the sediments, although the relative abundance of Sb(III)‐oxidizing microbes and the number of microbial genes responsible for Sb(III) oxidation were uncorrelated to the percentage of Sb(III). The observed strong associations indicated that Eh, concentration of Fe(II), electrical conductivity, and Sb(V)‐reducing microbes were involved in influencing Sb species in the sediments. On this basis, we further proposed a preliminary biogeochemical model for Sb speciation in water‐sediment systems affected by Sb‐mining activities. This study improved our understanding of the biogeochemical factors involved in influencing Sb species in natural sediments contaminated by Sb‐mining activities.
The novel hsa-miR-12528 regulates tumourigenesis and metastasis through hypo-phosphorylation of AKT cascade by targeting IGF-1R in human lung cancer
Authors: Jeon Seong Ho , Yoo Jung Ki , Kim Chang Min , Lim Eun Su , Lee So Jeong , Lee Ji Min , Oh Seung-Hun , Kim Jin Kyeoung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLung cancer cases are increasing yearly; however, few novel therapeutic strategies for treating this disease have been developed. Here the dysregulation between microRNAs and oncogenes or tumour-suppressor genes forms a close connection-loop to the development or progression in human lung carcinogenesis. That is, the relationship between microRNAs and carcinogenic mechanism may find the critical clue to improve the treatment efficacy. Accordingly, we identified and characterised a novel microRNA, hsa-miR-12528, in A549 cells. The miR-12528 expression was aberrantly downregulated in cancer cell lines and in the patient tissues derived from human non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, we found that miR-12528 post-transcriptionally controls the translation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene by directly targeting the 3′-untranslated region of IGF-1R mRNA. Notably, the IGF-1R gene is elevated in the majority of cancers and may be an attractive therapeutic target for anticancer therapy because elevated IGF-1R mediates the signalling amplification of a major oncogenic pathway in neoplasia. In A549 cells, miR-12528 overexpression epigenetically altered the downstream phosphorylation of the primary IGF-1R networks, negatively regulated proliferation, apoptosis and migratory activity, and consequently inhibited tumourigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Therefore, our discovery of hsa-miR-12528 may be able to be applied to the development of molecular-target therapeutic strategies and diagnosis-specific biomarkers for human lung cancer.
The human Vδ2+ T-cell compartment comprises distinct innate-like Vγ9+ and adaptive Vγ9- subsets
Authors: Davey Martin S. , Willcox Carrie R. , Hunter Stuart , Kasatskaya Sofya A. , Remmerswaal Ester B. M. , Salim Mahboob , Mohammed Fiyaz , Bemelman Frederike J. , Chudakov Dmitriy M. , Oo Ye H. , Willcox Benjamin E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVδ2+T cells form the predominant human γδ T-cell population in peripheral blood and mediate T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent anti-microbial and anti-tumour immunity. Here we show that the Vδ2+compartment comprises both innate-like and adaptive subsets. Vγ9+Vδ2+T cells display semi-invariant TCR repertoires, featuring public Vγ9 TCR sequences equivalent in cord and adult blood. By contrast, we also identify a separate, Vγ9−Vδ2+T-cell subset that typically has a CD27hiCCR7+CD28+IL-7Rα+naive-like phenotype and a diverse TCR repertoire, however in response to viral infection, undergoes clonal expansion and differentiation to a CD27loCD45RA+CX3CR1+granzymeA/B+effector phenotype. Consistent with a function in solid tissue immunosurveillance, we detect human intrahepatic Vγ9−Vδ2+T cells featuring dominant clonal expansions and an effector phenotype. These findings redefine human γδ T-cell subsets by delineating the Vδ2+T-cell compartment into innate-like (Vγ9+) and adaptive (Vγ9−) subsets, which have distinct functions in microbial immunosurveillance.
Ultra-confined surface phonon polaritons in molecular layers of van der Waals dielectrics
Authors: Dubrovkin Alexander M. , Qiang Bo , Krishnamoorthy Harish N. S. , Zheludev Nikolay I. , Wang Qi Jie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractImprovements in device density in photonic circuits can only be achieved with interconnects exploiting highly confined states of light. Recently this has brought interest to highly confined plasmon and phonon polaritons. While plasmonic structures have been extensively studied, the ultimate limits of phonon polariton squeezing, in particular enabling the confinement (the ratio between the excitation and polariton wavelengths) exceeding 102, is yet to be explored. Here, exploiting unique structure of 2D materials, we report for the first time that atomically thin van der Waals dielectrics (e.g., transition-metal dichalcogenides) on silicon carbide substrate demonstrate experimentally record-breaking propagating phonon polaritons confinement resulting in 190-times squeezed surface waves. The strongly dispersive confinement can be potentially tuned to greater than 103 near the phonon resonance of the substrate, and it scales with number of van der Waals layers. We argue that our findings are a substantial step towards infrared ultra-compact phonon polaritonic circuits and resonators, and would stimulate further investigations on nanophotonics in non-plasmonic atomically thin interface platforms.
De novo activating mutations drive clonal evolution and enhance clonal fitness in KMT2A-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Hyrenius-Wittsten Axel , Pilheden Mattias , Sturesson Helena , Hansson Jenny , Walsh Michael P. , Song Guangchun , Kazi Julhash U. , Liu Jian , Ramakrishan Ramprasad , Garcia-Ruiz Cristian , Nance Stephanie , Gupta Pankaj , Zhang Jinghui , Rönnstrand Lars , Hultquist Anne , Downing James R. , Lindkvist-Petersson Karin , Paulsson Kajsa , Järås Marcus , Gruber Tanja A. , Ma Jing , Hagström-Andersson Anna K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractActivating signaling mutations are common in acute leukemia with KMT2A (previously MLL) rearrangements (KMT2A-R). These mutations are often subclonal and their biological impact remains unclear. Using a retroviral acute myeloid mouse leukemia model, we demonstrate that FLT3
ITD
, FLT3
N676K
, and NRAS
G12D
accelerate KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemia onset. Further, also subclonal FLT3
N676K
mutations accelerate disease, possibly by providing stimulatory factors. Herein, we show that one such factor, MIF, promotes survival of mouse KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemia initiating cells. We identify acquired de novo mutations in Braf, Cbl, Kras, and Ptpn11 in KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemia cells that favored clonal expansion. During clonal evolution, we observe serial genetic changes at the Kras
G12D
locus, consistent with a strong selective advantage of additional Kras
G12D
. KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemias with signaling mutations enforce Myc and Myb transcriptional modules. Our results provide new insight into the biology of KMT2A-R leukemia with subclonal signaling mutations and highlight the importance of activated signaling as a contributing driver.
A silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor electron spin-orbit qubit
Authors: Jock Ryan M. , Jacobson N. Tobias , Harvey-Collard Patrick , Mounce Andrew M. , Srinivasa Vanita , Ward Dan R. , Anderson John , Manginell Ron , Wendt Joel R. , Rudolph Martin , Pluym Tammy , Gamble John King , Baczewski Andrew D. , Witzel Wayne M. , Carroll Malcolm S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) material system is a technologically important implementation of spin-based quantum information processing. However, the MOS interface is imperfect leading to concerns about 1/f trap noise and variability in the electron g-factor due to spin–orbit (SO) effects. Here we advantageously use interface–SO coupling for a critical control axis in a double-quantum-dot singlet–triplet qubit. The magnetic field-orientation dependence of the g-factors is consistent with Rashba and Dresselhaus interface–SO contributions. The resulting all-electrical, two-axis control is also used to probe the MOS interface noise. The measured inhomogeneous dephasing time, $$T_{{\mathrm{2m}}}^ \star$$

T

2m

⋆

, of 1.6 μs is consistent with 99.95% 28Si enrichment. Furthermore, when tuned to be sensitive to exchange fluctuations, a quasi-static charge noise detuning variance of 2 μeV is observed, competitive with low-noise reports in other semiconductor qubits. This work, therefore, demonstrates that the MOS interface inherently provides properties for two-axis qubit control, while not increasing noise relative to other material choices.
Persistent multi-scale fluctuations shift European hydroclimate to its millennial boundaries
Authors: Markonis Y. , Hanel M. , Máca P. , Kyselý J. , Cook E. R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn recent years, there has been growing concern about the effect of global warming on water resources, especially at regional and continental scales. The last IPCC report on extremes states that there is medium confidence about an increase on European drought frequency during twentieth century. Here we use the Old World Drought Atlas palaeoclimatic reconstruction to show that when Europe’s hydroclimate is examined under a millennial, multi-scale perspective, a significant decrease in dryness can be observed since 1920 over most of central and northern Europe. On the contrary, in the south, drying conditions have prevailed, creating an intense north-to-south dipole. In both cases, hydroclimatic conditions have shifted to, and in some regions exceeded, their millennial boundaries, remaining at these extreme levels for the longest period of the 1000-year-long record.
The nanos1 gene was duplicated in early Vertebrates and the two paralogs show different gonadal expression profiles in a shark
Authors: Gribouval Laura , Sourdaine Pascal , Lareyre Jean-Jacques , Bellaiche Johanna , Le Gac Florence , Mazan Sylvie , Guiardiere Cécile , Auvray Pierrïck , Gautier Aude 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanos are RNA-binding proteins playing crucial roles in germ cell development and maintenance. Based on phylogenetic and synteny analyses, this study reveals that nanos1 gene has undergone multiple duplications and gene copies losses in Vertebrates. Chondrichthyan species display two nanos1 genes (named nanos1A/1B), which were both retrieved in some Osteichthyes at basal positions in Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii lineages. In contrast, Teleosts have lost nanos1A but duplicated nanos1B leading to the emergence of two ohnologs (nanos1Ba/1Bb), whereas Tetrapods have lost nanos1B gene. The two successive nanos gene duplications may result from the second and third whole genome duplication events at the basis of Vertebrates and Teleosts respectively. The expression profiles of nanos1A and nanos1B paralogs were characterized in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Nanos1A was strongly expressed in brain and also localized in all germ cell types in the polarized testis. In contrast, nanos1B was detected in testis with the highest expression in the germinative zone. In addition, Nanos1B protein was predominantly located in the nuclei of male germinal cells. In the ovary, both paralogs were detected in germinal and somatic cells. Our study opens new perspectives concerning the complex evolution of nanos1 paralogs and their potential distinct roles in Vertebrates gonads.
Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin
Authors: Zhai Lina , Adlhart Christian , Spano Fabrizio , Innocenti Malini Riccardo , Piątek Agnieszka K. , Li Jun , Rossi René M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSkin burns due to accidental exposure to hot steam have often been reported to be more severe than the ones occurring from dry heat. While skin burns due to flames or radiant heat have been thoroughly characterized, the mechanisms leading to steam burns are not well understood and a conundrum still exists: can second degree burns occur without destruction of the epidermis, i.e. even before first degree burns are detected? Skin permeability is dependent both on temperature and on the kinetic energy of incoming water molecules. To investigate the mechanism underlying the injuries related to steam exposure, we used porcine skin as anex vivomodel. This model was exposed to either steam or dry heat before measuring the skin hydration via confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The results show that during the first minute of exposure to steam, the water content in both the epidermis and dermis increases. By analyzing different mechanisms of steam diffusion through the multiple skin layers, as well as the moisture-assisted bio-heat transfer, we provide a novel model explaining why steam burns can be more severe, and why steam can penetrate deeper and much faster than an equivalent dry heat.
19F NMR studies provide insights into lipid membrane interactions of listeriolysin O, a pore forming toxin from Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Kozorog Mirijam , Sani Marc-Antoine , Lenarčič Živković Martina , Ilc Gregor , Hodnik Vesna , Separovic Frances , Plavec Janez , Anderluh Gregor 
Published: April 2018

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is a mammalian pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, miscarriages and infections of the central nervous system in immunocompromised individuals. Its main virulence factor is listeriolysin O (LLO), a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC), which enables bacterial escape from the phagolysosome and contributes to bacterial pathogenicity. Details of cholesterol (Chol) recognition and membrane binding mechanisms by LLO are still not known. Here we used 19F-NMR spectroscopy in order to assess LLO-Chol interactions in solution and in a Chol-rich membrane environment. LLO has six tryptophan residues located in the region of the molecule that is first in contact with lipid membranes. 19F-LLO, which contained 5-fluoro-tryptophans, was prepared by using isotopic labelling in an E. coli expression system. Signals in the 19F-NMR spectrum of 19F-LLO were unambiguously assigned by using a series of single Trp → Phe point mutations. The results employing various cholesterol preparations in solution indicate that tryptophan residues are not directly involved in Chol binding in solution. However, significant chemical shift changes were observed upon LLO binding to Chol-rich membranes, highlighting the role of tryptophan residues in membrane interactions (W512) and oligomerisation (W189 and W489).
Cytoglobin affects tumorigenesis and the expression of ulcerative colitis-associated genes under chemically induced colitis in mice
Authors: Yassin Mohammad , Kissow Hannelouise , Vainer Ben , Joseph Philomeena Daphne , Hay-Schmidt Anders , Olsen Jørgen , Pedersen Anders Elm 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCytoglobin (Cygb) is a member of the hemoglobin family and is thought to protect against cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress. These functions may be particularly important in inflammation-induced cancer, e.g., in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we investigated the development of inflammation and tumors in a murine model of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer using a combined treatment of azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. A bioinformatics analysis of genome-wide expression data revealed increased colonic inflammation at the molecular level accompanied by enhanced macroscopic tumor development in Cygb-deficient mice. Moreover, the expression of the UC-associated gene neurexophilin and PC-esterase domain family member 4 (Nxpe4) depended on the presence of Cygb in the inflamed colonic mucosa. Compared to wild type mice, RT-qPCR confirmed a 14-fold (p = 0.0003) decrease in Nxpe4 expression in the inflamed colonic mucosa from Cygb-deficient mice. An analysis of Cygb protein expression suggested that Cygb is expressed in fibroblast-like cells surrounding the colonic crypts. Histological examinations of early induced lesions suggested that the effect of Cygb is primarily at the level of tumor promotion. In conclusion, in this model, Cygb primarily seemed to inhibit the development of established microadenomas.
Nano-Photothermal ablation effect of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Functionalized Gold Nanorods on Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Mahmoud Nouf N. , Alkilany Alaaldin M. , Khalil Enam A. , Al-Bakri Amal G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe potential photothermal bactericidal activity of hydrophilic functionalized poly ethylene glycol (PEG)-gold nanorods (GNR) and hydrophobic functionalized polystyrene (PS)-GNR was evaluated towards strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) by measuring the percentage reduction of bacterial viable count upon GNR excitation with a near infra-red (NIR) laser beam. Our results suggest that functionalized GNR had a minimal bactericidal activity against S. aureus and P. acnes (≤85%, i.e. ≤1 log10 cycle reduction of bacterial viable count). However, the local heat generated upon exciting the functionalized GNR with NIR laser beam has a significant photothermal ablation effect (≥99.99%, i.e. ≥4 log10 cycles reduction of bacterial viable count). Such photothermolysis effect could potentiate the antibacterial activity of GNR, which may call for minimum concentration and side effects of these nanotherapeutics.
Discrepancy between pregnancy dating methods affects obstetric and neonatal outcomes: a population-based register cohort study
Authors: Kullinger Merit , Granfors Michaela , Kieler Helle , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo assess associations between discrepancy of pregnancy dating methods and adverse pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for discrepancy categories among all singleton births from the Medical Birth Register (1995–2010) with estimated date of delivery (EDD) by last menstrual period (LMP) minus EDD by ultrasound (US) −20 to +20 days. Negative/positive discrepancy was a fetus smaller/larger than expected when dated by US (EDD postponed/changed to an earlier date). Large discrepancy was <10th or >90th percentile. Reference was median discrepancy ±2 days. Odds for diabetes and preeclampsia were higher in pregnancies with negative discrepancy, and for most delivery outcomes in case of large positive discrepancy (+9 to +20 days): shoulder dystocia [OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.01–1.33)] and sphincter injuries [OR 1.13 (95% CI 1.09–1.17)]. Odds for adverse neonatal outcomes were higher in large negative discrepancy (−4 to −20 days): low Apgar score [OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.09–1.27)], asphyxia [OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.11–1.25)], fetal death [OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.32–1.64)], and neonatal death [OR 2.19 (95% CI 1.91–2.50)]. In conclusion, especially, large negative discrepancy was associated with increased risks of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Diversity of nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase gene clusters among taxonomically close Streptomyces strains
Authors: Komaki Hisayuki , Sakurai Kenta , Hosoyama Akira , Kimura Akane , Igarashi Yasuhiro , Tamura Tomohiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo identify the species of butyrolactol-producing Streptomyces strain TP-A0882, whole genome-sequencing of three type strains in a close taxonomic relationship was performed. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization using the genome sequences suggested that Streptomyces sp. TP-A0882 is classified as Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus. Strain TP-A0882, S. diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus NBRC 15402T, Streptomyces coelicoflavus NBRC 15399T, and Streptomyces rubrogriseus NBRC 15455T harbor at least 14, 14, 10, and 12 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), respectively, coding for nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs). All 14 gene clusters were shared by S. diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus strains TP-A0882 and NBRC 15402T, while only four gene clusters were shared by the three distinct species. Although BGCs for bacteriocin, ectoine, indole, melanine, siderophores such as deferrioxamine, terpenes such as albaflavenone, hopene, carotenoid and geosmin are shared by the three species, many BGCs for secondary metabolites such as butyrolactone, lantipeptides, oligosaccharide, some terpenes are species-specific. These results indicate the possibility that strains belonging to the same species possess the same set of secondary metabolite-biosynthetic pathways, whereas strains belonging to distinct species have species-specific pathways, in addition to some common pathways, even if the strains are taxonomically close.