bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islamic diffusion in the countries of the Arctic region: the processes of Muslim migration to Scandinavian countries in the context of the transforming Islamic world
Authors: Kulik S V , Yu Eidemiller K , Biktimirova R R , Vanicheva M N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the problems related to the change in the social and sociocultural structure of the countries in the Arctic region as a result of Muslim migration to the states of the Arctic region such as Scandinavian countries. Based on the review of Russian and European literature and open information sources, in this paper the authors systematize the perceptions of the migration flow from the Muslim world to Northern Europe. The formation, causes, specifics and transformation of this migration flow are considered within its entire course in chronological order and its division into periods is proposed. Each stage is judged upon and arguments are given for the chosen categorization. In addition, the events occurring in the Islamic world within the mentioned periods are reviewed. These events are systematized, synthesized and synchronized. As a result, the authors are able to reconstruct a reliable chronology of the process of Muslim migration to the Scandinavian countries and divide it into stages. In the course of the research study, the authors conclude that almost all stages of the Muslim migration wave to Northern Europe (excluding the “Initial” and most recent ones) have a systemic period of 20 years. However, some prerequisites are being formed for the present stage to be much shorter in time in comparison to the previous ones. As of 2018, two bastions of North Africa - the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria and the Arab Republic of Egypt - are in a crisis situation by their economic, social and political indicators. This crisis cannot be interpreted as anything but a prewar situation. If the crisis in these countries is similar to the one in 2011-2014 and they are unable to withstand or transform it, the situation with Muslim migration, flows of refuges and the situation in Europe itself can turn out to be unpredictable. In today’s 2019 and in the nearest future five more countries - three Islamic Republics are in the zone of risk: Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, while the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Turkey and in the zone of turbulence. A catastrophe in any of these countries will itself cause an explosive leap in migration, which will spread as waves of people throughout all Eurasian regions. If a chain reaction occurs and a domino effect lasts, it will probably end up in a socio-humanitarian catastrophe of a global scale first in the regions and then on the way where people masses will flow.
Chronobiological potential of human resources as a condition for ensuring socially safe activities in the development of the North
Authors: Bashkireva A V , Bashkireva T V , Chibisov S M , Fateeva N M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of Russian scientific research in the field of the chronobiological potential of human resources as a condition for ensuring socially safe activities in the development of the North. The analysis of literary sources revealed that mainly works are devoted to characterization, including comparative, of individual physiological indicators. Most of the literature studied on the problems of human adaptation to the conditions of the north is devoted to the study of the functional state of the physiological systems of the indigenous and alien population to the harsh climatic conditions. Extreme north of the European, West Siberian, and less, East Siberian part of Russia. In connection with the development of natural resources, where there is no permanently resident population, such a non-traditional form of labor as a shift began to be used effectively. The time of the watch is determined by the conditions. Since newcomers will take part in the development of the Arctic latitudes, it is extremely important, from this point of view, information about seasonal exacerbations of functional systems of a pathological nature and disorders of the circadian chronorhythms of melatonin production resulting from changes in photoperiodism. In the analyzed works it is emphasized that the obtained information about the adaptation resources of various labor groups operating in the development of the Arctic latitudes, testifies not to the benefit of their health in comparison with the genetic potential of Aboriginal people. The results of the analysis of literary sources showed that the study of the potential of the human body from the point of view of determinism is not enough, since we can only register linear indicators. A look at this problem of the chronobiological potential of human resources from the point of view of fractal determinism is not well understood.
Adaptive immune response in residents of the Russian Arctic zone and South Ossetia
Authors: Kabbani M S , Shchegoleva L S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The human body in adverse living conditions, such as in the Arctic, goes through the risk of impairing functional systems including the immune system. These disturbances lead to appear states of weakness or hyperactivity of the organism protective function. This study investigates the state of the adaptive immune response of 40-60-year-old women living in the Russian Arctic and South Ossetia. The indirect immunoperoxidase assay with monoclonal antibodies was used to analyze the immune parameters of lymphoid subpopulations in 40-60-year-old women living in Nadym city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in Tskhinval city in South Ossetia. After analyzing the received data, the deficiency of mature T-lymphocytes (CD3+) was found in 96-100% of the examined individuals. We also revealed a decrease in the concentration of T-helper (CD4+) and B-activated (HLA-DR+) cells in 30% of Arctic zone cases and in 50% of the southern zone cases on the background of increasing concentrations of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. A deficiency of cells with apoptosis receptors (CD95+) was registered mainly in Tskhinval women (80%). Thus, it can be assumed that the deficiency of mature lymphoid cells with a receptor (CD3+) leads to disruption of the T-cell pool of the immune response and delay of the adaptive immune response overall. The increase in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte count indicates the stress state of the adaptive immune component to compensate for the lack of T-helper and B-activated cells concentration. Additional comprehensive studies are needed to identify environmental factors having a significant impact on the mechanism of the adaptive immune response development.
Evolution of the subsistence pattern of indigenous population of the coast of Southern Chukotka: energy and resources aspects
Authors: Klokov K B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of the research was to elucidate the changes in the subsistence patterns in Meinypilgyno village community located in the South of Chukotka on the Bering Sea coast near a spawning area of the large stock of red salmon. The research was based on modern interviews and data of the Polar Census 1926/27. The result was compared with case study of Chukchi pastoralists and Yupik communities made by Igor Krupnik (1983) in northern Chukotka. The population of Meinypilgyno was formed 90 years ago from two indigenous communities with different subsistence patterns and ecologic niches: Chukchi reindeer herders and Kereck fishermen and sea-mammal hunters. The Soviet and post-soviet economic and social reforms combined with Russian immigration changed indigenous life step by step. First, the Kereks blended in with the Chukchi community, and then the Chukchies lost their reindeer husbandry and began to merge with the Russians. Meinypilgyno became biethnic Chukchi-Russian community focused on red salmon fishing. Presently, both ethnic groups use the same ecologic niche. The analyses of the evolution of the subsistence patterns in Meinypilgyno confirms the thesis that two communities with similar subsistence activities using one ecological niche are going either to clash, or to merge together.
Modern features of interaction between employers and universities: Arctic aspect
Authors: Ostrovskaya O , Skorobogatchenko O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The mission of Russian universities is to train highly qualified specialists for the labor market, to expand the intellectual potential for the development of the country, to provide the society with a constant flow-in of modern-minded and socially responsible young citizens. For this purpose, the state is constantly developing and introducing new forms of training of highly-qualified personnel. It also cooperate with employers in universities. In general, the article aims to compare the processes of higher school personnel training and the provision of employers with employees at the present time. The challenges posed to modern universities and the restrictions which universities face when solving them, in view of the northern specifics of training, are considered. The current topical forms of training implementation and cooperation of universities, enterprises, science and government are presented. As a result, the conclusions were drawn both about the opportunities and the threats related to the elimination of the “distance” between the structure and content of university training and the prospective personnel needs of both the Russian economy as a whole and the economy of the Arctic regions.
Social and psychological aspects of individual adaptation in Arctic conditions
Authors: Sharok V , Iakovleva Iu , Vakhnin N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article represents results of empirical socio-psychological research of factors of workers’ effective adaptation in the Arctic. In the elaborated questionnaire respondents were offered to evaluate a motivational meaning of such criteria as the transport and social infrastructure, the quality of the medical service, social facilities, labour conditions, career prospects, the climate and other indicators. The obtained data take into consideration the gender characteristic, the job form (the shift/non-shift methods) and the work and living experience in the Arctic. The conducted research revealed the leading role of such infrastructure factors as a good railway and air connection and the availability of sport centres. It is also shown that the availability and the quality of the high-technology medical care also plays an important motivational role. That’s why serious chronic diseases are the reason for refusal of living in the Arctic for the majority of the respondents. The romanticization of the Arctic, so typical for young people, gave the way to the importance of a decent earning. In other words, most respondents pointed to the role of a financial factor. Among the factors that prevent adaption the respondents chose the severe climate and the uneasy psychological situation at a labour collective.
Migration situation in the Russian Arctic (on the example of the Murmansk region)
Authors: Popova O N , Vicentiy I V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
International studies show a declining population in the Arctic. The main contribution to the negative dynamics of migration loss belongs to the Russian Federation. The article presents the results of our study of the migration situation in the Murmansk region, which is part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The statistical analysis of the migration movement demonstrates active migration processes in the region. However, despite the increased rates of arrival in the region, the negative dynamics of population decline due to migration loss persists, when the number of people who drop out prevails over the number of arrivals. These data are indicators of a weak settled population in the Murmansk region and social unattractiveness of the region. We also supplemented the statistical analysis of the migration situation with the results of a sociological study of migration behavior, migration attitudes and migration motives of the residents of the Murmansk region. We found that 16% of respondents showed a positive migration attitude, 52% of respondents showed a negative migration attitude, and the share of “potential migrants” was 26%. The key reasons for migration from the North are unfavorable climatic conditions and the unfavorable socio-economic situation in the region. The social portrait of respondents with a positive migration attitude is described by the following socio-demographic variables. Gender - mostly female. Age - from 16 to 66 years (average value was 35 years). The level of education - secondary vocational (or specialized secondary) - 37%, and higher education - 26%. Duration of residence in the Murmansk region - from birth or almost all his life - 71%. Unemployed and employed - demonstrated a positive migration attitude equally. The motivational factors that constrain migration are own housing, employment, job satisfaction, wages and social guarantees, family-related and regional (arctic) identity.
Northern Sea Route: Formation of Russian Transport Policy in the Arctic
Authors: Travkina E V , Ilyasov R M , Samylovskaya E A , A Kudryavtseva R-E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper is aimed at a systematic analysis of the international dialogue in the Arctic as a new political space as well as at identifying problematic issues in Russian transport policy formation. The authors suggest considering the prospects for the development of the Northern sea route from two sides: from the point of view of international law and with the use of traditional mechanisms of state barriers and control. The prospects of development of international cargo transportation and the Northern sea route hereinafter — NSR) competitiveness in the near future are ambiguous. Of particular importance are the blocks of the problematic field of NSR development formed by the authors, which mainly concern infrastructure and its provision, as well as the introduction of the Northern sea route into the international shipping market with its tough competition, while NSR does not currently have the necessary quality and quantity of the necessary infrastructure. At the moment, the NSR infrastructure is underdeveloped as a region in the Russian Federation and requires a carefully designed development program, highly qualified employees and supervision of program provisions implementation that will ensure the exact implementation of all development stages. The systematic development of the Northern sea route in the long term will contribute to strengthening the position of Russia in the international arena, its economic growth, import and export of goods and services, as well as its international cooperation with other Arctic countries. The authors believe that the solution of problems with the logistics component is the primary task of the Arctic region development and ensuring the competitiveness of the Russian fleet.
Assessment of the probability of the Arctic Council expansion
Authors: Krasulina O Y , Rossokhin V V , Krepkaia T N , Rubtsova A V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article describes the essence of the Arctic Council, the importance of the programs implemented by the Council. The activities of the Arctic Council are focused primarily on environmental issues, as well as on the sustainable development of the Arctic. Besides the member countries of the Council, other countries with an observer status and those participating in working groups in the above-mentioned areas take part in the work. The criteria for assigning the Council membership as observers are mainly economic factors. The authors suggest that the activity of the Arctic Council should not be influenced by any political motives. In this regard, it is assumed that political risk does not affect the inclusion of the state as an observer in the Arctic Council.The article presents conclusions and determines the choice of factors influencing the probability of a country joining the Arctic Council as an observer. An analysis of the literature on the influence of political factors on corporate valuation, profitability of financial assets, internal and external conflicts, etc. is conducted. Based on the empirical analysis, a conclusion is made that the probability of becoming an observer country in the Arctic Council depends on the credit risk (sovereign rating) and the level of a country’s GDP. At the same time, the level of GDP and higher ratings increased the possibility of including the country in the community of observers. The authors also highlight the factors affecting the willingness and ability of a sovereign government to timely and fully service its financial, economic and fiscal obligations.
Methodology of formation of the state financial policy in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Krasulina O Y , Evchak A M , Krepkaia T N , Mokhorov D A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article substantiates the need to develop a holistic state financial policy for the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, including budget, tax and customs instruments for implementing this policy in the current economic conditions. The current financial policy system of the Russian Federation does not take into account the specific conditions of the development of the Arctic, it does not include special measures of state supervision aimed directly at supporting and stimulating the socio-economic development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation. For Russia, investment projects in the Arctic are not just hydrocarbon production projects on the continental shelf. These projects are designed to ensure national and economic security, develop infrastructure, mineral resources, Arctic production and improve the standards and quality of life of people, including indigenous peoples of the North.The author emphasizes that currently the mechanisms for implementing the state financial policy for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in terms of the scientific development of the region, the need for financial resources in the priority areas of the development of the Arctic, ways of attracting them and use efficiently, are not working effectively. A method of forming the state financial policy in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation is proposed to ensure sustainable socio-economic development in strategic macro regions and to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the Arctic policy. The article outlines the consistent formation of the mechanisms for regulating macro-regional development, which can take into account the impact of financial investments on the development of the Arctic, resource utilization factors, risk and efficiency. The stages of fiscal, tax, customs, financial and credit development, as well as financial and institutional mechanisms for the implementation of the national fiscal policy in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation were developed.
Assessment of challenges, threats, and prospects in development of cities and towns in the Arctic zone
Authors: Kozin M , Skotarenko O , Plotnikov V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article suggests a way of tackling one of the crucial issues, namely using a novel research framework in management of territorial processes based on the qualimetric methodological approach.

The goal of the study is to identify major limitations, challenges, and threats occurring during economic development of Arctic territories on the basis of an analysis of socioeconomic development and to suggest, on this basis, prospective areas of economic practices and development in the Arctic. The study is based on a systemic methodological approach to assessment of factors in economic practices in Arctic territories, a concept and methodology of sustainable development, methods of comparative (interregional and international) analysis, institutional analysis and development. The article analyses the prerequisites for socioeconomic development of Arctic territories; identifies the factors, limitations, challenges, and threats for their sustainable development; contains a comparative analysis of national practices in economic exploration in the Arctic zone; describes the purposes of government regulation in those processes and their institutionalisation in economic policy; suggests prospective of economic development in the Arctic zone; provides recommendations for improvement in the aforesaid development.

Conclusions and recommendations. The study has shown that, depending on the combination of natural, climatic, social, resource, environmental, and other factors characterising a particular territory within the Arctic, a specific model of institutional regulation in its development should be created and institutionalised. The study has identified and listed the challenges and threats in economic practices in the Arctic zone. Prospective areas in economic exploration have been proposed.
Specific features of ensuring economic security of coastal Arctic regions
Authors: Ulchenko M V , Badylevich R V , Kondratovich D L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the attention of the world community to the Arctic has increased significantly. Moreover, not only the so-called Arctic States, but also countries that do not have direct access to the Arctic territories are showing active interest. What is the reason for such interest? It’s simple, the Arctic contains the main reserves of natural gas and oil, which are so necessary for the further development of energy-intensive economies of most countries. The Russian Federation is no exception, the strengthening of sanctions pressure, as well as the processes of globalization create prerequisites for the most effective use of both the Arctic territories themselves and the natural resources they possess. Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation defined the boundaries of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation and national, are in the active stage of implementation. One of the features of the Russian Arctic territorial systems is that almost all of them are coastal regions. These regions have specific features in the development due to the prevalence of marine economic activity and severe natural and climatic conditions of life. At the same time, regional public authorities, for making objective administrative decisions, are interested in taking into account the designated specific features in the development of subordinate territories. However, the coastal Arctic regions, from the point of view of ensuring economic security, as an object of study, are not currently allocated to a separate category. In this paper, the authors identify specific features in the development of coastal Arctic regions, and propose to use a number of indicators that take into account this specificity.