bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Megakaryocytopoiesis in Experimentally Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: ROLOVIC ZORAN , BALDINI MARIO , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The hypothesis that in immune thrombocytopenia, platelet antibody may not only cause destruction of the circulating platelets but also depress platelet production by injuring the megakaryocytes of the bone marrow, was tested experimentally.
Sustained thrombocytopenia was produced in rats by titrated injections of a potent heteroimmune antiplatelet serum and megakaryocytopoiesis was then studied by the use of tritiated thymidine and bone marrow autoradiography. Rats in which the platelet count was maintained at a lower than normal level by repeated thrombocytophereses, and other rats injected with platelet antiserum previously absorbed with rat platelets, served as controls.
Profoundly altered patterns of megakaryocytopoiesis were found in the rats in which thrombocytopenia was produced by the antiplatelet serum. The data indicated a severely impaired and depressed megakaryocyte maturation and, possibly, destruction of some of the megakaryocytes during their maturation process. In the rats in which the platelet level was maintained low by repeated thrombocytophereses, the pattern of megakaryocytopoiesis indicated accelerated maturation and there was also an increased megakaryocyte mass. No difference from normal was found in the rats receiving the platelet-adsorbed antiserum. It was concluded that the platelet antibody produced an injurious effect on the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, thereby depressing platelet production, and that the immune thrombocytopenia was the result of both increased platelet destruction and defective platelet production.
Chromosomes in the Spinal Fluid: Evidence for Metastatic Origin of Meningeal Leukemia
Authors: MASTRANGELO RENATO , ZUELZER WOLF W. , ECKLUND PETER S. , THOMPSON RUBY I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cytogenetic findings in the spinal fluid of nine children with acute leukemia are presented. Identity or similarity of the chromosomal constitution of the leukemic populations in the spinal fluid and in the bone marrow was observed. The findings are presented as direct evidence for the metastatic nature of meningeal leukemia.
Testosterone-Induced Depletion of Thymus and Marrow Lymphocytes as Related to Lymphopoiesis and Hematopoiesis
Authors: FREY-WETTSTEIN M. , CRADDOCK CHARLES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Testosterone administration to normal male and female rats causes increased erythropoiesis and granulocytosis at the same time that bone marrow and thymus lymphocytic cellularity is being diminished. The volume of peripheral lymphatic tissue is maintained. Germinal center and plasma cell formation is increased and immunological responsiveness and cellular exudation following nonspecific inflammatory stimulus are retained. These various effects of androgen treatment are discussed in light of different theories of marrow lymphocyte function as stem cells.
Granulocytic Sarcoma (Chloroma)
Authors: WIERNIK PETER H. , SERPICK ARTHUR A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four patients with granulocytic sarcoma are described. Granulocytic sarcoma of the cheek occurred in one patient 10 months before the diagnosis of acute myelocytic leukemia could be made. Another patient had multiple bone and dural granulocytic sarcomas 17 months before she developed acute myelocytic leukemia. One patient had a breast granulocytic sarcoma and acute myelocytic leukemia diagnosis simultaneously, and a fourth patient developed a chest wall granulocytic sarcoma 11-½ months after the diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia. The cheek and chest wall granulocytic sarcomas responded completely to antileukemic chemotherapy but subsequently recurred. Radiotherapy effected a permanent complete remission of the chest wall sarcoma, and partial regression of the bone granulocytic sarcomas in another case.
The possibility that acute myelocytic leukemic, granulocytic sarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma are variations of the same disease is suggested and discussed.
Brief Note: Effects of Prostaglandins, Epinephrine and NaF on Human Leukocyte, Platelet and Liver Adenyl Cyclase
Authors: SCOTT ROBERT E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite the limited scope of this study, the data show that homogenates of human leukocytes, platelets and liver are capable of synthesizing cyclic AMP, and that such preparations are responsive to hormonal stimulation. Epinephrine stimulates cyclic AMP production in liver and leukocyte homogenates, and NaF shows a stimulatory effect in each tissue.1,8 The data confirm the previous reports10,11 that prostaglandin E1 stimulates platelet adenyl cyclase, but further shows a lack of stimulation by prostaglandin F/1β. Incubation of leukocytes with the prostaglandins showed a similar effect.
It is suggested that further study may establish a relationship between adenyl cyclase stimulation and chemotaxis or phagocytic activity of circulating leukocytes as has been reported in amebae.12 Since systemic enzyme deficiencies such as phosphorylase in Hers’ Disease13 and amylo-1.4→1.6-transglucosidase in Andersens’ Disease14 are evident in leukocytes, it is suggested that further study of circulating leukocytes may also detect an abnormal responsiveness or a deficiency of adenyl cyclase.
Storage of Platelet Concentrates at 22°C
Authors: MURPHY SCOTT , SAYAR SEYED N. , GARDNER FRANK H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technique has been proposed which allows easy preparation of platelet concentrates within a closed, sterile system and maximal utilization of other blood components. Lifespan studies have been performed to demonstrate the viability of platelets prepared in this manner. Such concentrates can be stored for as long as three days with adequate maintenance of viability for tranfusion purposes if certain technical requirements are met. Important among these are attention to concentrate volume and pH; agitation of the concentrate is helpful for maintenance of viability. Twelve studies in thrombocytopenic recipients suggest that stored concentrates will be safe and effective in transfusion practice.
Heavy Chain Disease of the µ (γM) Type: Report of the First Case
Authors: FORTE FRANK A. , PRELLI FRANCES , YOUNT WILLIAM J. , JERRY L. MARTIN , KOCHWA SHAUL , FRANKLIN EDWARD C. , KUNKEL HENRY G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The serum of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and amyloidosis, was found to contain an unusual protein with µ chain antigenic determinants. It was devoid of light chains and was present in the form of multiple disulfide linked polymers. The patient also had a kappa Bence Jones protein in the serum and urine. The possibility is raised that the heavy chain lacks a portion of the chain necessary for coupling with light chains.
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria. II. The Effects of Induced Polycythemia
Authors: HAINING ROBERT G. , COWGER MARILYN L. , LABBE ROBERT F. , FINCH CLEMENT A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Polycythemia and anemia were induced in a patient with congenital erythropoietic porphyria as a possible means of altering erythropoiesis and its attendant porphyrin production. Maintenance of hematocrits at 50 per cent and 60 per cent for periods of 2 weeks decreased both erythropoiesis and porphyrin excretion to about one-half of their initial levels. Conversely with a hematocrit of 25, erythropoiesis and porphyrin production were increased to about twice the basal level. Examination of the marrow showed fluorescence in all late normoblasts and indicated that the patient has only one red cell population. During induced polycythemia, a shift in marrow erythroid population to relatively mature forms, apparently related to delayed enucleation, was accompanied by a retention of the reticulocyte pool and fluorescent cells within the marrow. During anemia, the occurrence of relatively more immature erythroid cells was accompanied by a shift of the reticulocyte pool and fluorescent cells into the circulating blood. During polycythemia, increases were observed in the relative number of nuclear vacuoles peculiar to this disease, in the retention of radioiron in the marrow and in the relative amount of stercobilin excretion. In anemia these parameters decreased towards normal.
Leukemia in Fanconi’s Anemia: Cytogenetic and Tumor Virus Susceptibility Studies
Authors: DOSIK HARVEY , HSU LILLIAN Y. , TODARO GEORGE J. , LEE STANLEY L. , HIRSCHHORN KURT , SELIRIO EVA S. , ALTER AARON A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fanconi’s anemia is an inherited disorder characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities, chromosome anomalies and irreversible aplastic anemia. Patients, and possibly family members, have been noted to have an increased incidence of leukemia and other tumors. A family with two affected male children, one of whom developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia, is described. Chromosome preparations in both parents showed abnormalities, a previously unreported finding. Fibroblast cultures from both parents and one brother inoculated with Simian Virus 40, a known oncogenic agent, developed increased numbers of transformed colonies, compared with normal control cultures similarly inoculated. The presence of chromosome abnormalities and cellular susceptibility to oncogenic agents appear to be related to an increased risk of malignancy.
Cytogenetic Studies in Acute Myelocytic Leukemia with Special Emphasis on the Occurrence of Ph1 Chromosome
Authors: WHANG-PENG J. , HENDERSON E. S. , KNUTSEN T. , FREIREICH E. J. , GART J. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cytogenetic studies were carried out on 103 unselected patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Seventy-three patients (70.9%) had a normal karyotype and 30 patients (29.1%) were aneuploid. No unique chromosomal abnormalities were found in patients with aneuploidy; however, there was a significantly higher incidence of G group involvement. Four cases had a history of radiation exposure; three of these four patients had a normal karyotype and one had one Ph1 chromosome in her bone marrow cells. Another patient with no history of radiation also had one Ph1 chromosome in his marrow cells. Reclassification of AML patients with Ph1 chromosomes as a rare entity of blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) rather than as AML’s is proposed. Two patients exhibited the 45 chromosome syndrome before the diagnosis of AML was made. The normal and aneuploid groups had about the same median survival time and same median date from diagnosis to chromosome study; however, none of the patients in the aneuploid group lived longer than 26 months after the date of diagnosis, while seven patients (nearly 10%) in the normal group did so, one living over 112 months.
Acquisition of Autophagic Vacuoles by Human Erythrocytes Physiological Role of the Spleen
Authors: HOLROYDE CHRISTOPHER P. , GARDNER FRANK H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Using interference-contrast microscopy, erythrocyte vacuoles can be rapidly and easily distinguished. Because of the shadowing effect inherent in this optical system they appear as surface indentations. Twenty splenectomized patients with both normal and abnormal erythropoiesis had 54.3 per cent vacuolated cells as compared to 2.1 per cent in a control group of normal adults. A splenectomized patient with pure red cell aplasia, whose erythrocyte mass was maintained with fresh normal blood, had 44 per cent vacuolated cells. Electron microscopy thin sections showed numerous erythrocyte inclusions and vacuoles which were morphologically suggestive of hemoglobin degeneration. Similar inclusions were noted in all splenectomized subjects studied, and were found in greater numbers in patients with young cell populations. They were rare in normals with intact spleens. Transfusion studies show that these inclusions can be acquired by normal mature erythrocytes when circulating in an asplenic patient. Further, they are cleared from the circulation in the presence of an intact spleen without measurable loss of red cell viability. The evidence suggests that, in the absence of a spleen, autophagic vacuoles may occur in situ in all circulating red cells. It is presumed that these inclusions would normally be removed as a physiological process by a functioning spleen.
Folic Acid Absorption in Pregnancy: Comparison of the Pteroylpolyglutamate and Pteroylmonoglutamate
Authors: MCLEAN FREDERICK W. , HEINE M. WAYNE , HELD BEREL , STREIFF RICHARD R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The gastrointestinal absorption of naturally occurring folate (pteroylpolyglutamate) and therapeutic folate (pteroylmonoglutamate) was studied in a series of pregnant subjects. No significant difference in absorption was found. Furthermore, the elevated estrogen and progesterone levels which occur during pregnancy do not inhibit absorption of pteroylpolyglutamate.
Transplantation of HL-A Identical Allogeneic Bone Marrow to a Patient With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: GRAW ROBERT G. , BROWN JAMES A. , YANKEE RONALD A. , LEVENTHAL BRIGID G. , WHANG-PENG JACQUELINE , ROGENTINE G. NICHOLAS , HENDERSON EDWARD S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An 8-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia, no longer responsive to conventional chemotherapy after 2 years, was successfully grafted with bone marrow from his HL-A genotypically identical 10-year-old sister. Prior to transplantation, he had received 141 blood component transfusions and had become sensitized to histocompatibility antigens (HL-A), as demonstrated by the presence of circulating lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Except for the occurrence of a possible mild graft-versus-host-reaction and a documented cytomegalovirus infection, the patient remained clinically well until full return of his leukemia 91 days after the transplant. This case demonstrates that bone marrow transplantation can be accomplished between HL-A identical siblings even though the recipient may have been previously sensitized to other HL-A antigens by earlier transfusion. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation offers the opportunity for remissions in patients with leukemia unresponsive to conventional drug therapy.
Treatment of Aplastic Anemia with Nandrolone Decanoate
Authors: DAIBER A. , HERVEÉ L. , CON I. , DONOSO A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Highly satisfactory results obtained with 50 mg./week nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin) for 3-16 months are reported in 10 cases of aplastic anemia. In the series thus treated there were only two deaths, occurring after only a few months of treatment. All other cases benefited to a large degree: in six, normalization was achieved, and a distinct improvement was seen in two still under treatment. Once therapy had been commenced, there was a period of latency which fluctuated between 1 and 9 months. Except for one patient with Fanconi’s anemia, the other normalized cases have not relapsed after suspension of the drug.
Urinary Iron Excretion in Valvular Heart Disease and After Heart Valve Replacement
Authors: ROESER H. PETER , POWELL L. W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Urinary iron excretion and other aspects of iron metabolism were studied in patients with valvular heart disease before and after valve replacement with heterografts or Starr-Edwards prostheses. Eighty-one per cent of preoperative patients had increased daily urinary iron excretion (0.14-2.2 mg./24 hours) and 61 per cent had a reduced 51Cr survival time. Serum iron levels were low in two patients but iron-deficiency anemia was not observed. Fifty-three per cent of bone marrow aspirates had reduced or absent storage iron. Patients with normally functioning heterografts had no hemolysis and urinary iron excretion decreased exponentially with time until normal values were reached in 6-10 months after surgery. Calculated iron loss over a 6-month postoperative period varied from 11 to 360 mg. Serum iron levels and results of ferrokinetic studies returned towards normal, as did marrow iron stores. Seven patients (78%) with Starr-Edwards valves had evidence of hemolysis by the 51chromium survival method and six were anemic. Urinary iron loss was abnormal in all nine patients (0.8-10.8 mg./24 hours) and iron deficiency was a significant factor in the anemia noted. Iron therapy raised hemoglobin values in the two patients to whom it was administered. Urinary iron excretion was found to be a sensitive index of intravascular hemolysis, particularly in the presence of an intermittent hemolytic process.
In Vitro Growth of Granulocytic and Mononuclear Cell Colonies From Blood of Normal Individuals
Authors: CHERVENICK PAUL A. , BOGGS DANE R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Colonies of eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages were grown in vitro from peripheral leukocytes of normal individuals. The concentration of circulating nucleated cells capable of giving rise to such colonies is considerably less than in marrow. In blood obtained from six healthy adults, between 4.5 and 21.6 colonies were observed per 106 nucleated cells plated. Growth characteristics of these colonies were similar to those arising from marrow cells. Colony formation was observed after 6-10 days of incubation and increased to a maximum size of 200-1000 cells after 18-20 days and then began to undergo degeneration. Colonies of eosinophils were the most frequent cell type observed. Neutrophil and monocyte colonies were the next most common and occurred with about equal frequency; colonies of mixed cell type were less frequent than the above three types. These colonies were mainly observed at about 3 weeks of incubation. Colonies examined after 4 weeks of incubation consisted primarily of large histiocytes and macrophages. Studies with tritiated thymidine (3H-TDR) revealed that all colonies examined contained labeled cells, indicating that these colonies arose from cell proliferation.
The Effect of 2,3-DPG on the Sickling Phenomenon
Authors: BEUTLER E. , PANIKER N. V. , WEST C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red cells were depleted of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) by storage in acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solution. No change in the sickling-oxygen saturation curve was observed. 2,3-DPG did not affect the viscosity of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin solutions. It appears, then, that the interaction between 2,3-DPG and sickle hemoglobin does not produce configuration changes which influence the aggregation leading to sickling.
Iron for Erythropoiesis
Authors: JACOBS PETER , FINCH CLEMENT A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rabbits were rendered anemic by phlebotomy, by parenteral administration of phenylhydrazine and by phlebotomy coupled with transfusion of nonviable erythrocytes. Measurements were made of the number and iron uptake of immature erythroid cells, and the size and hemoglobin content of the circulating erythrocytes. All groups of animals showed the same degree of erythroid cellular proliferation in response to anemia. The total amount of hemoglobin synthesized was determined by the supply of iron to the marrow and was reflected in variations in hemoglobin content within the individual erythrocyte. For maximal production of hemoglobin in the animal with increased cellular proliferation, an increased plasma iron level is required.
Stimulation of DNA Synthesis In Vitro in Mouse Thymic Cells by Bone Marrow Preparation
Authors: KNYSZYNSKI AHUVA , BURGER M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some characteristics of a bone marrow factor were ascertained, on the basis of its ability to increase 3H-thymidine incorporation into thymic cells in vitro. It was found that the factor was not detectable in kidney or spleen preparations derived from the same mice from which active bone marrow preparations were obtained. The activity of the factor was reduced shortly after total-body irradiation of the mice, and increased again during the regeneration of the bone marrow. It is further shown here that the bone marrow factor has no effect on 3H-thymidine incorporation into mouse bone marrow cells. Leukemic mouse thymic cells show a significantly reduced response towards the bone marrow factor in comparison to normal thymic cells. The bone marrow factor has less effect on protein synthesis than on DNA synthesis in thymic cells, and its stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis is not dependent on protein synthesis. The isolated bone marrow factor is resistant towards heating at 100°C, even at a very low or very high pH. However, it is more labile to heat when in an impure state. Its activity is not affected by RNase, DNase, pronase and carboxypeptidase. It is insoluble in ether, but soluble in absolute ethanol.
Quantitative Studies of Localized Leukocyte Mobilization in Acute Leukemia
Authors: HOLLAND JAMES F. , SENN HANSJOERG , BANERJEE TARIT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Localized leukocyte mobilization into autologous serum consists almost entirely of normal appearing granulocytes in normal subjects as well as in patients with acute myelocytic (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Sharp reduction in mobilization and in clearance of granulocytes was seen in patients with untreated AML, independent of morphologic subclass, whereas this was not found in ALL. Recombination experiments with leukemic and nonleukemic sera did not reproduce or correct the defects in AML. Nearly normal mobilization and clearance occurred in the remission state. These data taken together suggest that mature granulocytes in florid AML may be mature leukemic cells.
Ceroid Histiocytosis of Spleen and Bone Marrow in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): A Contribution to the Understanding of the Sea-blue Histiocyte
Authors: RYWLIN ARKADI M. , HERNANDEZ JUAN A. , CHASTAIN DOYLE E. , PARDO VICTORIANO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ceroid-containing histiocytes are described for the first time in the spleen and marrow of a patient with ITP. Ceroid results from the oxidation and polymerization of unsaturated lipids and may appear in histiocytes in a variety of diseases. With the Wright or Giemsa methods, ceroid granules are stained sea-blue, and ceroid-containing macrophages appear as "sea-blue histiocytes." This sea-blue color is not pathognomonic for ceroid. Therefore, the finding of seablue histiocytes in the bone marrow should be followed by histochemical studies to confirm the presence of ceroid. The spleen from a case of the recently described "syndrome of the sea-blue histiocyte" showed numerous ceroid-containing macrophages. In view of the lack of specificity of the sea-blue histiocyte, it is suggested that the syndrome be renamed "idiopathic ceroid histiocytosis of spleen and marrow."
Effect of Neonatal Thymectomy on Hemopoietic Tissue in Mice
Authors: RESNITZKY PERETZ , ZIPORI DOV , TRAININ NATHAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The influence of neonatal thymectomy on the behavior of hemopoietic stem cells of bone marrow and spleen was investigated by studying the colony-forming capacity (CFC) of these cells. Bone marrow cells (2 x 104) from neonatally thymectomized C3H mice, injected into lethally irradiated (850 R) recipients, showed a reduced CFC in relation to that of intact control donors. This decrease, which was more evident in female than in male mice, started early in life after thymectomy, and persisted throughout all the ages investigated. In most of the experiments a concomitant decrease in the total number of nucleated bone marrow cells was observed following thymectomy. When spleen cells (105) from neonatally thymectomized mice were tested under similar experimental conditions, they manifested a CFC equivalent to that of intact controls. Neonatal thymectomy increased the number of spontaneous colonies appearing in the spleen of mice after a sublethal (650 R) total-body irradiation. In contrast, when neonatal splenectomy was tested, a moderate increase in the CFC of bone marrow and in the total number of bone marrow cells was observed. The present results suggest that the thymus plays a role in the proliferative pattern of hemopoietic stem (progenitor) cells located in the bone marrow, whereas it does not influence the behavior of more mature (precursor) hemopoietic cells populating the spleen.