bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting species range dynamics with process‐explicit models: matching methods to applications
Authors: Briscoe Natalie J. , Elith Jane , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Camac James S. , Giljohann Katherine M. , Holden Matthew H. , Hradsky Bronwyn A. , Kearney Michael R. , McMahon Sean M. , Phillips Ben L. , Regan Tracey J. , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Vesk Peter A. , Wintle Brendan A. , Yen Jian D.L. , Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKnowing where species occur is fundamental to many ecological and environmental applications. Species distribution models (SDMs) are typically based on correlations between species occurrence data and environmental predictors, with ecological processes captured only implicitly. However, there is a growing interest in approaches that explicitly model processes such as physiology, dispersal, demography and biotic interactions. These models are believed to offer more robust predictions, particularly when extrapolating to novel conditions. Many process–explicit approaches are now available, but it is not clear how we can best draw on this expanded modelling toolbox to address ecological problems and inform management decisions. Here, we review a range of process–explicit models to determine their strengths and limitations, as well as their current use. Focusing on four common applications of SDMs – regulatory planning, extinction risk, climate refugia and invasive species – we then explore which models best meet management needs. We identify barriers to more widespread and effective use of process‐explicit models and outline how these might be overcome. As well as technical and data challenges, there is a pressing need for more thorough evaluation of model predictions to guide investment in method development and ensure the promise of these new approaches is fully realised.
More is less: net gain in species richness, but biotic homogenization over 140 years
Authors: Finderup Nielsen Tora , Sand‐Jensen Kaj , Dornelas Maria , Bruun Hans Henrik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile biodiversity loss continues globally, assessments of regional and local change over time have been equivocal. Here, we assess changes in plant species richness and beta diversity over 140 years at the level of regions within a country. Using 19th‐century flora censuses for 14 Danish regions as a baseline, we overcome previous criticisms concerning short time series and neglect of completely altered habitats. We find that species composition has changed dramatically and directionally across all regions. Substantial species losses were more than offset by large gains, resulting in a net increase in species richness in all regions. The occupancy of initially widespread species increased, while initially rare species lost terrain. These changes were accompanied by strong biotic homogenization; i.e. regions are more similar now than they were 140 years ago. Species declining in Denmark were found to be in similar decline all over Northern Europe.
Experimental characterization of fracture of glass fiber reinforced composites laminates subjected to freeze‐thaw cycles
Authors: Abedi Mohammad , Moussavi‐Torshizi Seyyed‐Ebrahim , Sarfaraz Roohollah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe simultaneous effect of moisture and freeze‐thaw cycle on the mechanical behavior of glass/epoxy composites laminates is experimentally investigated. The study is planned in order to simulate the detrimental presence of humidity due to rainfall in surface damage of composite structures operating in cold weather. Different mechanisms governing the monotonic response of specimens subjected to freeze‐thaw cycles are pointed out by taking advantages of SEM images. Comparing SEM images taken from dry and wet specimens shows that the failure mechanisms such as matrix cracking and delamination are vastly activated around the notched region when the material is exposed to humidity and freeze‐thaw cycle. The load‐displacement response of examined specimens, namely the linear response, is remarkably altered under these conditions. A reduction of approximately 40% in ultimate load and 30% in slope of tangent line of load‐displacement curves is identified after 100 cycles of freeze‐thaw as well as more than 20% decrease of strain energy release rate.
Variability in nicotine conditioned place preference and stress‐induced reinstatement in mice: Effects of sex, initial chamber preference, and guanfacine
Authors: Lee Angela M. , Calarco Cali A. , McKee Sherry A. , Mineur Yann S. , Picciotto Marina R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRelapse to smoking occurs at higher rates in women compared with men, especially when triggered by stress. Studies suggest that sex‐specific interactions between nicotine reward and stress contribute to these sex differences. Accordingly, novel treatment options targeting stress pathways, such as guanfacine, an α2‐adrenergic receptor agonist, may provide sex‐sensitive therapeutic effects. Preclinical studies are critical for elucidating neurobiological mechanisms of stress‐induced relapse and potential therapies, but rodent models of nicotine addiction are often hindered by large behavioral variability. In this study, we used nicotine conditioned place preference to investigate stress‐induced reinstatement of nicotine preference in male and female mice, and the effects of guanfacine on this behavior. Our results showed that overall, nicotine induced significant place preference acquisition and swim stress‐induced reinstatement in both male and female mice, but with different nicotine dose‐response patterns. In addition, we explored the variability in nicotine‐dependent behaviors with median split analyses and found that initial chamber preference in each sex differentially accounted for variability in stress‐induced reinstatement. In groups that showed significant stress‐induced reinstatement, pretreatment with guanfacine attenuated this behavior. Finally, we evaluated neuronal activation by Arc immunoreactivity in the infralimbic cortex, prelimbic cortex, anterior insula, basolateral amygdala, lateral central amygdala and nucleus accumbens core and shell. Guanfacine induced sex‐dependent changes in Arc immunoreactivity in the infralimbic cortex and anterior insula. This study demonstrates sex‐dependent relationships between initial chamber preference and stress‐induced reinstatement of nicotine conditioned place preference, and the effects of guanfacine on both behavior and neurobiological mechanisms.
Quantitative assessment of microbial necromass contribution to soil organic matter
Authors: Liang Chao , Amelung Wulf , Lehmann Johannes , Kästner Matthias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSoil carbon transformation and sequestration have received significant interest in recent years due to a growing need for quantitating its role in mitigating climate change. Even though our understanding of the nature of soil organic matter has recently been substantially revised, fundamental uncertainty remains about the quantitative importance of microbial necromass as part of persistent organic matter. Addressing this uncertainty has been hampered by the absence of quantitative assessments whether microbial matter makes up the majority of the persistent carbon in soil. Direct quantitation of microbial necromass in soil is very challenging because of an overlapping molecular signature with nonmicrobial organic carbon. Here, we use a comprehensive analysis of existing biomarker amino sugar data published between 1996 and 2018, combined with novel appropriation using an ecological systems approach, elemental carbon–nitrogen stoichiometry, and biomarker scaling, to demonstrate a suit of strategies for quantitating the contribution of microbe‐derived carbon to the topsoil organic carbon reservoir in global temperate agricultural, grassland, and forest ecosystems. We show that microbial necromass can make up more than half of soil organic carbon. Hence, we suggest that next‐generation field management requires promoting microbial biomass formation and necromass preservation to maintain healthy soils, ecosystems, and climate. Our analyses have important implications for improving current climate and carbon models, and helping develop management practices and policies.
A Simple Method for Simulating Groundwater Interactions with Fens to Forecast Development Effects
Authors: Feinstein Daniel T. , Hart David J. , Gatzke Sarah , Hunt Randall J. , Niswonger Richard G. , Fienen Michael N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtection of fens–wetlands dependent on groundwater discharge–requires characterization of groundwater sources and stresses. Because instrumentation and numerical modeling of fens is labor intensive, easy‐to‐apply methods that model fen distribution and their vulnerability to development are desirable. Here we demonstrate that fen areas can be simulated using existing steady‐state MODFLOW models when the unsaturated zone flow (UZF) package is included. In cells where the water table is near land surface, the UZF package calculates a head difference and scaled conductance at these “seepage drain” cells to generate average rates of vertical seepage to the land. This formulation, which represents an alternative to blanketing the MODFLOW domain with drains, requires very little input from the user because unsaturated flow‐routing is inactive and results are primarily driven by easily obtained topographic information. Like the drain approach, it has the advantage that the distribution of seepage areas is not predetermined by the modeler, but rather emerges from simulated heads. Beyond the drain approach, it takes account of intracell land surface variation to explicitly quantify multiple surficial flows corresponding to infiltration, rejected recharge, recharge and land‐surface seepage. Application of the method to a basin in southeastern Wisconsin demonstrates how it can be used as a decision‐support tool to first, reproduce fen distribution and, second, forecast drawdown and reduced seepage at fens in response to shallow pumping.
Assessing the supportive care needs of parents with a child with a bleeding disorder using the Parental Needs Scale for Rare Diseases (PNS‐RD): A single‐centre pilot study
Authors: Khair Kate , Pelentsov Lemuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionInherited bleeding disorders are rare, for some such as haemophilia, there is a growing body of evidence about caregiver burden and associated support needs. Whilst for other disorders, which may be present with less clinically significant bleeding, there is a paucity of data about parents support needs.AimsTo evaluate the supportive care needs of parents of children with a range of inherited bleeding disorders.MethodsA single‐centre pilot study using the validated Parental Needs Scale for Rare Diseases to measure the overall support needs of parents of children with a bleeding disorder.Results231 parents, including 99/231 (42.9%) fathers, completed the survey; half had a bleeding disorder themselves. Parents reported a good understanding of their child's condition, and overall were happy with the care provided by the specialist haemophilia team but reported a lack of knowledge in non‐specialist settings. More than half of parents reported experiencing significant emotional issues relating to their child's condition. 42.6%‐46.7% reported financial concerns related to paying for medical care and respite, respectively.ConclusionOverall, parents are confident about dealing with their child's bleeding disorder and are satisfied with the level of support and care that they and their child are receiving. The emotional and psychological impacts of having a child with a bleeding disorder remain a significant burden for many parents. The financial costs associated with caring for their child further impact on their ability to cope. Regular assessment of parental support needs should be part of routine clinical care.
Prevalence of impaired renal function in virologically suppressed people living with HIV compared with controls: the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study*
Authors: Petersen N , Knudsen AD , Mocroft A , Kirkegaard‐Klitbo D , Arici E , Lundgren J , Benfield T , Oturai P , Nordestgaard BG , Feldt‐Rasmussen B , Nielsen SD , Ryom L 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesWhile renal impairment is reported more frequently in people living with HIV (PLWH) than in the general population, the PLWH samples in previous studies have generally been dominated by those at high renal risk.MethodsCaucasian PLWH who were virologically suppressed on antiretroviral treatment and did not have injecting drug use or hepatitis C were recruited from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study. Sex‐ and age‐matched controls were recruited 1:4 from the Copenhagen General Population Study up to November 2016. We defined renal impairment as one measurement of estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and assessed associated factors using adjusted logistic regression models. The impact of HIV‐related factors was explored in a subanalysis.ResultsAmong 598 PLWH and 2598 controls, the prevalence of renal impairment was 3.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–5.5%] and 1.7% (95% CI 1.2–2.2%; P = 0.0014), respectively. After adjustment, HIV status was independently associated with renal impairment [odds ratio (OR) 3.4; 95% CI 1.8–6.3]. In addition, older age [OR 5.4 (95% CI 3.9–7.5) per 10 years], female sex [OR 5.0 (95% CI 2.6–9.8)] and diabetes [OR 2.9 (95% CI 1.3–6.7)] were strongly associated with renal impairment. The association between HIV status and renal impairment became stronger with older age (P = 0.02 for interaction). Current and nadir CD4 counts, duration of HIV infection and previous AIDS‐defining diagnosis were not associated with renal impairment among virologically suppressed PLWH.ConclusionsThe prevalence of renal impairment is low among low‐risk virologically suppressed Caucasian PLWH, but remains significantly higher than in controls. Renal impairment therefore remains a concern in all PLWH and requires ongoing attention.
Fogging with antibrowning agents as an alternative to conventional immersion treatments to extend shelf life of mushrooms
Authors: Ojeda Gonzalo A. , Sgroppo Sonia C. , Zaritzky Noemí E. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is a highly perishable product and can be easily damaged when immersion in antibrowning solutions is performed; therefore, fogging application represents a less aggressive technique. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different antibrowning agents (ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulphite and L‐cysteine) applied by two methodologies (immersion and fogging) on the quality of mushrooms during storage at 5 °C. Weight losses, microstructural organisation, colour and texture changes were evaluated as quality indicators. Polyphenol oxidase activity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. Fogging achieved browning inhibition without major changes in firmness, while immersion treatments inhibited browning but significant changes in firmness were found. Browning inhibition achieved by fogging showed similar results when compared to the conventional immersion treatments. Fogging has the advantage of being less aggressive than immersion while requiring a significantly smaller amount of antibrowning solution than traditional immersion.
Global problems, local solutions: unfree labour relations and seafarer employment with crewing agencies in China
Authors: Tang Lijun , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article documents and discusses a local labour control regime employed by Chinese crewing agencies to restrict the mobility of newly graduated officer seafarers. The shipping industry relies on a stable and skilled seafarer workforce on flexible employment, assembled globally with the help of local crewing agencies. A stable workforce and flexible employment do not seem easily compatible. This article examines how Chinese crewing agencies help manage this tension in China through analysing the experience of seafarers. It argues that to cater for the demand of international shipping companies, Chinese crewing agencies adopt a particular local labour control regime that re/produces unfree labour relations. The local control regime is built on existing institutional practices in China, structural weaknesses of seafarers and the disjunctions between the local institutional set‐ups and the global chains of labour supply.
Scaffolding student teachers' information‐seeking behaviours with a network‐based tutoring system
Authors: Poitras Eric , Mayne Zachary , Huang Lingyun , Udy Laurel , Lajoie Susanne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudent teachers' instructional planning requires them to regulate certain aspects of their own learning while designing lessons. The aim of this study is to support student teachers' self‐regulated learning through the convergence effect, where network‐based tutors are designed to optimize system recommendations of online resources based on information‐seeking behaviours. A total of 68 student teachers were randomly assigned to either a dynamic or static version of nBrowser, which converged a network or not towards an optimal configuration. The structural equation model suggests that student teachers spent less time during the learning session using the dynamic version of nBrowser. Although student teachers were found to be more efficient in seeking and acquiring information and reported knowledge gains, they failed to perform better than those assigned to the static condition on the lesson plan design task. We discuss the implications for the convergence effect in the context of network‐based tutors.
Predictors and moderators of recurring self‐harm in adolescents participating in a comparative treatment trial of psychological interventions
Authors: Adrian Molly , McCauley Elizabeth , Berk Michele S. , Asarnow Joan R. , Korslund Kathryn , Avina Claudia , Gallop Robert , Linehan Marsha M. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundIn primary analyses, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was associated with greater reduction in self‐harm during treatment than individual/group supportive therapy (IGST). The objective of this paper was to examine predictors and moderators of treatment outcomes for suicidal adolescents who participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating DBT and IGST.MethodsAdolescents (N = 173) were included in the intent‐to‐treat sample and randomized to receive 6 months of DBT or IGST. Potential baseline predictors and moderators were identified within four categories: demographics, severity markers, parental psychopathology, and psychosocial variables. Primary outcomes were suicide attempts (SA) and nonsuicidal self‐injury evaluated at baseline, midtreatment (3 months), and end of treatment (6 months) via the Suicide Attempt and Self‐Injury Interview (Psychological Assessment, 18, 2006, 303). For each moderator or predictor, a generalized linear mixed model was conducted to examine main and interactive effects of treatment and the candidate variable on outcomes.ResultsAdolescents with higher family conflict, more extensive self‐harm histories, and more externalizing problems produced on average more reduction on SH frequency from baseline to post‐treatment. Adolescents meeting BPD diagnosis were more likely to have high SH frequency at post‐treatment. Analyses indicated significant moderation effects for emotion dysregulation on NSSI and SH. DBT was associated with better rates of improvement compared to IGST for adolescents with higher baseline emotion dysregulation and those whose parents reported greater psychopathology and emotion dysregulation. A significant moderation effect for ethnicity on SA over the treatment period was observed, where DBT produced better rate of improvement compared to IGST for Hispanic/Latino individuals.ConclusionsThese findings may help to inform salient treatment targets and guide treatment planning. Adolescents that have high levels of family conflict, externalizing problems, and increased level of severity markers demonstrated the most change in self‐harm behaviors over the course of treatment and benefitted from both treatment interventions. Those with higher levels of emotion dysregulation and parent psychopathology may benefit more from the DBT.
Agenesis of a maxillary lateral incisor associated with bilateral canine inclusions: A noninvasive multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Savi Andrea , Crescini Aldo , Manfredi Maddalena , De Maria Andrea , Bresciano Mario 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors is often complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, which demands continuous collaboration among the different specialists involved in the rehabilitation. In young patients, implant therapy or the preparation of intact teeth for fixed prostheses is not indicated.Clinical ConsiderationsTwo complex cases of double maxillary canine inclusion were treated with combined surgical, orthodontic, and conservative prosthetic treatments. Orthodontic therapy allowed the creation of the necessary interocclusal space to fabricate the all‐ceramic resin‐bonded fixed partial dentures without the preparation of the abutment teeth.ConclusionsCarefully planned and meticulously executed orthodontic and prosthetic therapies allowed for a noninvasive rehabilitation of patients with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.Clinical SignificanceThis article provides clinicians with a noninvasive solution for agenesis of lateral incisors associated with canine inclusions. Indications for the choice of material of all‐ceramic resin‐bonded fixed partial dentures are discussed and presented.
Interannual fine‐scale site fidelity of male ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta revealed by photo‐identification and tagging
Authors: Mucientes Gonzalo , Irisarri José , Villegas‐Ríos David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe site fidelity of ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta was studied using photo‐identification and external tagging. Five male individuals were observed to defend the same small territory composed of a few rocks during several reproductive seasons spanning 2 to 15 years. These results provide one of the strongest indications of long‐term very fine‐scale site fidelity in marine fishes.