bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of the two-site Kondo effect in linear CoCunCoCum clusters
Authors: Néel N , Shao B , Wehling T O , Kröger J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Artificially assembled linear atomic clusters, CoCu
n
CoCu
m
, are used to explore variations of the Kondo effect at the two Co sites. For all investigated Cu
n
chain lengths (

) the addition of a single Cu atom to one edge Co atom of the chain (

) strongly reduces the amplitude of the Abrikosov–Suhl–Kondo resonance of that Co atom. Concomitantly, the resonance line width is more than halved. On the contrary, the Kondo effect of the opposite edge Co atom remains unaffected. Hybridization together with the linear geometry of the cluster are likely to drive the effect.
Development of size-specific institutional diagnostic reference levels for computed tomography protocols in neck imaging
Authors: Steuwe Andrea , Thomas Christoph , Kraus Bastian , Bethge Oliver Thomas , Aissa Joel , Klosterkemper Yan , Antoch Gerald , Boos Johannes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose: To develop size-specific institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for computed tomography (CT) protocols used in neck CT imaging (cervical spine CT, cervical CT angiography (CTA) and cervical staging CT) and to compare institutional to national DRLs. Materials and methods: Cervical CT examinations (spine, n = 609; CTA, n = 505 and staging CT, n = 184) performed between 01/2016 and 06/2017 were included in this retrospective study. For each region and examination, the volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were determined and binned into size bins according to patient water-equivalent diameter (dw). Linear regression analysis was performed to calculate size-specific institutional DRLs for CTDIvol and DLP, applying the 75th percentile as the upper limit for institutional DRLs. The mean institutional CTDIvol and DLP were compared to national DRLs (CTDIvol 20 mGy for cervical spine CT (DLP 300 mGycm) and cervical CTA (DLP 600 mGycm), and CTDIvol 15 mGy for cervical staging CT (DLP 330 mGycm)). Results: The mean CTDIvol and DLP (±standard deviation) were 15.2 ± 4.1 mGy and 181.5 ± 88.3 mGycm for cervical spine CT; 8.1 ± 4.3 mGy and 280.2 ± 164.3 mGycm for cervical CTA; 8.6 ± 1.9 mGy and 162.8 ± 85.0 mGycm for cervical staging CT. For all CT protocols, there was a linear increase in CTDIvol and DLP with increasing dw. For the CTDIvol, size-specific institutional DRLs increased with dw from 14 to 29 mGy for cervical spine CT, from 5 to 17 mGy for cervical CTA and from 8 to 13 mGy for cervical staging CT. For the DLP, size-specific institutional DRLs increased with dw from 130 to 510 mGycm for cervical spine CT, from 140 to 640 mGycm for cervical CTA and from 140 to 320 mGycm for cervical staging CT. Institutional DRLs were lower than national DRLs by 81% and 67% for cervical spine CT (dw = 17.8 cm), 43% and 51% for cervical CTA (dw = 19.5 cm) and 59% and 53% for cervical staging CT (dw = 18.8 cm) for CTDIvol and DLP, respectively. Conclusion: Size-specific institutional DRLs were generated for neck CT examinations. The mean institutional CTDIvol and DLP values were well below national DRLs.
Pre- and post-selection paradoxes in quantum walks
Authors: Kopyciuk T , Lewandowski M , Kurzyński P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many features of single-partite quantum walks can be simulated by classical waves. However, it was recently experimentally shown that some temporal sequences of measurements on a quantum walker do not admit a classical description in terms of macro-realistic theories. Here, we extend this observation and present pre- and post-selection scenarios in quantum walks leading to logical paradoxes. Such paradoxes were recently shown to be equivalent to proofs of contextuality, therefore we provide an additional argument for non-classicality of a quantum walk model. The assumptions behind the claims of non-classicality (including contextuality and violations of macro-realism) are also discussed.
Kármán vortex street in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Li Xiao-Lin , Yang Xue-Ying , Tang Na , Song Lin , Zhou Zhi-Kun , Zhang Juan , Shi Yu-Ren 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Vortex shedding from a moving obstacle potential in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate is investigated numerically. For a miscible two-component condensate composed of 23Na and 87Rb atoms, in the wake of obstacle, the Kármán vortex street is discovered in one component, while the Kármán-like vortex street named ‘half-quantum vortex street’ is formed in another component. The other patterns of vortex shedding, such as the vortex dipoles, V-shaped vortex pairs and corresponding ‘half-quantum vortex shedding’, can also be found. The drag force acting on obstacle potential is calculated and discussed. The parameter region for various vortex patterns and critical velocity for vortex emission are presented. In addition, a 85Rb–87Rb mixture is also considered, where the Kármán vortex street and other typical patterns exist in both components. Finally, we provide an experimental protocol for the above realization and observation.
Hermiticity-tunable beam reshaping: localization, recurrence and group velocity oscillation
Authors: Ji Kaiwen , Liu Zhenjuan , Dai Yanan , Gao Yuanmei , Wang YiShan , Bai Jintao , Zhang Guoquan , Qi Xinyuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose a novel method to reshape the light beam in a Hermiticity-tunable photonic lattice with PT symmetric perturbations. By adjusting the PT perturbations, the Hermiticity of the system varies alternatively, further resulting in the periodic oscillations of the group velocity (v
g) as well as the group velocity dispersion (GVD). Once the values of v
g and its corresponding GVD recover and the averaged group velocity (

v

¯

g

) is zero, the light beam will be localized and recur at these Hermitian points. Further study indicates that GVD plays a key role in the evolution of the light beam, larger positive dispersion [Re(GVD)] and lower magnitude of Im(GVD) lead to higher peak energy of the light field. Our work provides a non-resonant way to control the light propagation and to reshape the group velocity distribution, which may have promising applications in all-optical circuit, optical sensor and optical communications.
Evidence for a universal Fermi-liquid scattering rate throughout the phase diagram of the copper-oxide superconductors
Authors: Barišić N , Chan M K , Veit M J , Dorow C J , Ge Y , Li Y , Tabis W , Tang Y , Yu G , Zhao X , Greven M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The phase diagram of the cuprate superconductors continues to pose formidable scientific challenges. While these materials are typically viewed as doped Mott insulators, it is well known that they are Fermi liquids at high hole-dopant concentrations. It was recently demonstrated that at moderate doping, in the pseudogap (PG) region of the phase diagram, the charge carriers are also best described as a Fermi liquid. Nevertheless, the relationship between the two Fermi-liquid (FL) regions and the nature of the strange-metal (SM) state at intermediate doping have remained unsolved. Here we show for the case of the model cuprate superconductor HgBa2CuO4+δ
that the normal-state transport scattering rate determined from the cotangent of the Hall angle remains quadratic in temperature across the PG temperature, upon entering the SM state, and that it is doping-independent below optimal doping. Analysis of prior transport results for other cuprates reveals that this behavior is universal throughout the entire phase diagram and points to a pervasive FL transport scattering rate. These observations can be reconciled with a variety of other experimental results for the cuprates upon considering the possibility that the PG phenomenon is associated with the gradual, non-uniform localization of one hole per planar CuO2 unit.
Electron beam absorption in 3D-printed polymer samples with different infill densities
Authors: Bulavskaya A (Krasnykh) , Danilova I , Dontsov Y , Cherepennikov Y , Miloichikova I , Stuchebrov S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, we study the efficiency of electron absorption by the plastic samples produced using 3D printing with different infill densities. We investigate the influence of the print layer orientation relative to the electron beam axis on the radiation dose distribution. It is possible to produce plastic samples with different infill by fused deposition modelling. Ten polymer test samples with the infill density ranging from 10% to 100% are printed and studied experimentally using a 6 MeV electron beam of an MIB-6E betatron. GafChromic EBT3 films are used for the dose measurement. When the infill is above 70%, the difference of dose distribution uniformity cannot be distinguished for the two print layer orientations. Therefore, these samples can be used for electron beam formation.
Understanding the decarbonisation of housing: Wales as a case study
Authors: Green E , Lannon S , Patterson J , Variale F , Iorwerth H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
International targets requiring UK nations to reduce carbon emissions by at least 80% of 1990 levels by 2050 were made obsolete in 2019. The Climate Change Act now commits UK government to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 100% of 1990 levels by 2050. This includes more stringent emissions targets for the devolved administrations. Welsh Government is responsible for the delivery of decarbonisation in Wales. The Welsh housing stock, among the oldest and least efficient in Europe, produces 21% of national carbon emissions. The CCC report recommends that Wales target no less than a 95% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050. This research explores how policy could deliver this scale of emissions reduction, by predicting the impact of established and emerging ‘best practice’ retrofit solutions on the existing housing stock. Fourteen recurring dwelling ‘types’ are identified within the Welsh housing stock (based on physical metrics, condition and tenure) using large data sets. Appropriate retrofit ‘narratives’ are established and then simulated for each of the fourteen dwelling types. Their impact is measured in terms of capital cost, primary energy use, fuel bills, and carbon emissions. By exploring the impact of a range of approaches to retrofit, and by considering different scenarios for clean energy supply, this research has informed the ongoing development of a route map for delivering decarbonisation targets in Wales.
Prediction, comparison and analysis of comfort level and energy consumption of a passively remodeled dwelling based on BP neural network computation
Authors: Du Yiming , Huang Qiong , Zhang Anxiao , Zhang Qi , Jing Hao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many ordinary dwellings are not well built in the vast rural areas of China, with poor comfort level and high energy consumption. The China Resources Charity Foundation funded the renovation of more than 200 farmhouses. Compared with the BP neural network model established with the measured data, the BP neural network model established with the simulated data can more quickly estimate the energy saved by the renovation measures of rural dwellings and the improved indoor environment, which is very necessary for the government and enterprises to make decisions to help. In this paper, one of the renovated houses (No. 285) was selected for tracking measurement before and after renovation to obtain real indoor environment and energy consumption data. Simulation software (DesignBuilder) was used to simulate the other 36 renovated houses in order to train the BP neural network model. The energy consumption of No. 285 was calculated by using the trained BP neural model, and the calculated results were compared and analyzed with the simulated data and measured data. Results show that the BP neural network model after training is better than the simple energy consumption simulation software in energy consumption prediction, but there are still errors from the actual measurement values. Regardless of software predictions or actual measurements, the results show that the renovation measures have indeed exerted a very positive impact. As to the overall trend, the software predictions are the same as of the actual measurements, and the variance of day and night temperature variance and the annual extreme values are greatly reduced.
Adapting Traditional Passive Strategies within Contemporary House to Decrease High energy consumption Impact in Nejd Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdulmohsen Aldersoni Ali , Hou Chi Chow David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Saudi Arabia has been identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as one of the strongest warming projected regions which indicates a serious future impact if no radical change is made in energy consumption [1]. The Saudi Electricity Company indicated that electricity consumption for 2017 is 204,597 GW [2]. Residential buildings have used 55% of the annual energy consumed in Saudi Arabia [3]. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the efforts that can be made to reduce this extreme consumption of energy by using simple traditional design techniques that were used in traditional buildings in the Nejd region, Saudi Arabia. The Nejd region was chosen because it represents the majority of Saudi’s topography and weather, and is recognized as the largest region in the country with the biggest population size [4]. Two houses were monitored during the summer of 2018. One represents a traditional old house while the other represents a contemporary house built by the Ministry of Housing (M.of.H) in Riyadh City. The two case studies provided valuable data for further analysis as the architectural design for the houses were analysed to distinguish the architectural features and weaknesses. Two models for the two cases were created using DesignBuilder and validated against measured data. The computational models were then used for dynamic thermal simulation, and used to estimate the energy consumption for the selected cases. The integrated passive strategies in traditional house were analysed, and compared it with a contemporary house. The result shows a 52.3% differences in annual energy consumption between the traditional house with contemporary house. In addition, the simulation result illustrates a 24.3% reduction in the annual energy consumption for the contemporary house is achieved by applying the passive strategies to the house design.
Analysing the benefits and challenges of retrofitting rural dwellings in Hunan, China to the Passivhaus EnerPHit standard
Authors: Liu C , Mohammadpourkarbasi H , Sharples S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chinese rural housing largely consists of uninsulated reinforced-concrete apartment blocks with poor energy performance. These dwellings are structurally sound, costly to demolish and challenging to recycle. Retrofit is, therefore, potentially more worthwhile than new build. Currently, there is no Chinese standard for retrofitting dwellings. This research examined the viability of applying the German EnerPHit retrofit standard to Chinese rural dwellings in Hunan, southern China (hot summers and cold winters). Dwellings were evaluated in terms of building structure, materials and systems, and a common type of apartment was selected. The real-world thermal performance of the dwelling was monitored and then the dwelling was modelled using the dynamic thermal simulation software DesignBuilder and Passivhaus Planning Package (PHPP). Monitoring data were used to validate the software’s predicted values. Next, energy-efficient EnerPHit retrofitting measures were incrementally applied to the dwelling model. Simulation results indicated that it was possible for the apartment to meet the EnerPHit standard if an optimised combination of thermal measures were applied. Good ventilation heat recovery was essential for winter comfort and minimum energy consumption; in summer, using adjustable shading and a high efficiency humidity recovery ventilation system was important. Appropriate natural ventilation schedules contributed in lowering cooling energy demand.
Preliminary Analysis on the Status Quo and Problems of Land Use of Educational Space in Primary and Secondary Schools in the Downtown Area, Tianjin- Results of data analysis based on information entropy and equilibrium
Authors: Zhang Shouren , Ye Qing , Du Yawei , Song Kun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this article, in order to have a better understanding of the current situation and supply-demand challenges with regard to the land use of educational space in primary and secondary schools in the downtown area, Tianjin and address the related problems, the comparative analysis is conducted on the land-use layout of 30 ordinary primary and secondary schools. In addition, for these primary and secondary schools, based on the information entropy, balance and dominance of land-use structure, and in conjunction with the actual conditions, spatial location and time of construction, efforts are made to analyze the diversity and balance of educational space. Generally speaking, the land-use layout of the surveyed schools falls into three types: ring-shaped with a center, linear, and group-based. Besides, thus, the main factors which exert certain influence on the pattern of spatial layout and the land-use structure of educational space in primary and secondary schools in the downtown area, Tianjin are identified by data analysis. It provides reference for the intensive use of educational space in primary and secondary schools, and lays a solid foundation for formulating a series of land-use planning and management policies targeted at primary and secondary schools.
Study concerning the conception and construction of Long-Lasting Flexible Pavements
Authors: Condurat M , Ursanu C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the current state of Long Lasting Flexible road pavement design, which is characterized by permanent development, both in terms of the calculation scheme that can reproduce as accurately as possible the actual operating behaviour and also in terms of more efficient materials usage. The research has shown that these types of flexible, well-designed and executed road pavements could have a longer lifetime than classical ones. In the same context, the energy performances and the Global Warming Potential, related to the construction and maintenance of Long-Lasting Flexible Pavements, calculated using a Life Cycle Assessment approach, are given, in order to substantiate their ecological advantages compared with a classical road pavement. This paper emphasizes the necessity to adopt appropriate constructions alternatives for road pavements, also within the initial construction phase, as well as within their maintenance and intervention stages, in order to have a sustainable build environment. In conclusion, roadwork and recent research have shown that Sustainable road pavements, known also as Long Lasting Pavements could be designed and built, resulting in significant material savings and, therefore, low maintenance costs with high performance and significantly longer service life compared to classical road pavements.
Guidelines for designing a sustainable neighbourhood based on TND theory in Egypt
Authors: Bondok A , Nasreldin R , Shalaby A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neighbourhood is a particular geographic area that encloses a social network in which people interact socially. Therefore, the most appealing aspect of sustainable urbanism is certain to be the sustainable neighbourhood. This paper focusing on the urban development which contributes to the sustainable development of neighbourhood. Moreover, the problem of housing in Egypt is not a quantitative problem but lack of achieving the elements of sustainability and the new neighbourhoods are designed with the same basis as the Egyptian cities and thus will show the same results as in the existing cities. Consequently, there is absence of modern principles, lack of awareness for the importance of using new sustainable urban planning strategies in Egypt. This paper proposes a set of guidelines based on TND principles for the implementation of sustainable neighbourhood criteria of development. The methodology of this paper was literature review to analyse previous researches of sustainable neighbourhood development based on TND theory as well as, comparative analysis between national and international case studies. Furthermore, comparison between European and Egyptian case studies which used for presenting and analysing sustainable development criteria that used in real neighbourhood contexts. The outcome of this paper expected to influence decision-making in the area of sustainable urban development. Besides, helping to build a new and sustainable relationship between urban dwellers and urban space, and to increase the value of urban land and make our communities more sustainable.
Beyond Energy- efficient Built Environment – Examining the Relationship between the Users’ Cultural Values and Energy Consumption
Authors: Satish B K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recent developments at the global level have forced responsible countries to take decisive actions to mitigate climate change. In the race to reduce energy consumption in the Built Environment, resource efficiency has been underpinned by low embodied energy (low carbon building) and consumption pattern. Recent expectations of energy reduction and energy efficiency have redefined the way buildings are insulated and spaces are utilised. This is particularly critical in the case of Passivhaus design, smart buildings etc, where the users are expected to align themselves to the building specification than the conventional practice of designing and building for the users’ requirements. There is a direct correlation between culture informed behaviour and sustainable built environment. Though there is considerable progress in energy efficiency in the built environment, further research is required to understand the individual perception and its implication on energy consumption pattern. Further, research relating ethnic background and their behaviour to energy consumption are scant. In this context, this paper reviews the prevailing research in the three broad areas of Thermal comfort, Ethnicity and Cultural Behaviour and its impact on Energy behaviour. Due to time and scope, this paper will not dwell deep into these topics, rather on the overlapping, interrelated aspects. In the process, it proposes a framework to analyse user energy behaviour while addressing the built environmental issues related to climate change. These topics present many opportunities for productive future research.