bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocabulary challenges with invasive species data sharing
Authors: Simpson Annie 
Published: July 2018

Biodiversity Information Serving our Nation - BISON (bison.usgs.gov) is the U.S. node to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (gbif.org), containing more than 375 million documented locations for all species in the U.S. It is hosted by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and includes a web site and application programming interface for apps and other websites to use for free. With this massive database one can see not only the 15 million records for nearly 10 thousand non-native species in the U.S. and its territories, but also their relationship to all of the other species in the country as well as their full national range. Leveraging this huge resource and its enterprise level cyberinfrastructure, USGS BISON staff have created a value-added feature by labeling non-native species records, even where contributing datasets have not provided such labels.
Based on our ongoing four-year compilation of non-native species scientific names from the literature, specific examples will be shared about the ambiguity and evolution of terms that have been discovered, as they relate to invasiveness, impact, dispersal, and management. The idea of incorporating these terms into an invasive species extension to Darwin Core has been discussed by Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) working group participants since at least 2005. One roadblock to the implementation of this standard's extension has been the diverse terminology used to describe the characteristics of biological invasions, terminology which has evolved significantly over the past decade.
Art et enjeux politiques en Méditerranée : les tombes de gouverneurs de Minorque (1759‑1763)
Authors: Roffidal Émilie 
Published: July 2018

Les tombeaux des gouverneurs français de Minorque, réalisés à la demande du roi Louis XV, sont installés au terme d’un processus de commande ayant mobilisé de nombreux acteurs à Versailles, Marseille et Mahon. Ces modestes projets funéraires, que le sculpteur Jean-Michel Verdiguier – directeur de l’Académie de peinture et de sculpture de Marseille – aurait souhaités plus ambitieux, dépassent le cadre de la micro-histoire locale. Ils témoignent d’un certain nombre d’enjeux spécifiques, propres aux territoires situés aux frontières du royaume. Sont ici interrogés la charge symbolique de ces « objets » dans un contexte politique très particulier, celui de la guerre de Sept Ans, l’impact des faits de guerre sur la production littéraire et artistique, tout comme la place de Marseille et de ses institutions académiques comme interface du pouvoir royal en Méditerranée.
Des concurrentes de l’Académie de peinture et de sculpture de Marseille ?
Authors: Tauziède-Espariat Maël 
Published: July 2018

L’étude d’un Mémoire du sculpteur Chastel révèle que le développement de l’enseignement artistique aixois dans la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle s’appuie sur des carences de l’Académie de Marseille. Sur le plan artistique, Aix tâche ainsi de favoriser les Beaux-Arts, en particulier la sculpture, afin de s’approprier un espace culturel négligé par Marseille, où les arts décoratifs sont mis à l’honneur. Sur le plan professionnel, les écoles aixoises offrent un statut social enviable aux artistes qui y enseignent, à la fois indépendant du système corporatif et alternatif au statut de l’académicien expérimenté à Marseille. Dès lors, la concurrence entre les écoles d’Aix et l’Académie de Marseille s’analyse positivement comme une quête de distinction dans un espace géographique partagé.
Les ateliers de peinture et de sculpture des arsenaux en Provence en marge de l’Académie de peinture et de sculpture de Marseille
Authors: Théron Magali 
Published: July 2018

Ce fut l’une des ambitions formulées dès 1755 par la future Académie de Marseille, de former des artistes et des dessinateurs pour les arsenaux de Marine. Se proposant de pallier le manque de peintres et de sculpteurs pour l’ornementation des vaisseaux, elle ambitionnait en outre d’enseigner « les éléments des arts du dessin » à un public plus élargi rassemblant l’ensemble du personnel maritime. Ces effets d’annonce de l’institution tendent toutefois à occulter cette réalité : que les arsenaux étaient déjà pourvus depuis le xviie siècle d’un ensemble de structures d’apprentissage du dessin. Quel a donc pu être l’apport de l’Académie phocéenne à l’arsenal de Toulon ? Pour y répondre, cet article se propose de revenir en amont, sur la genèse de l’apprentissage du dessin dans les arsenaux comme sur la délicate question du dessin d’après le modèle vivant, qui constituait, depuis 1655, le privilège de l’enseignement académique.
How to design the metro network for maximal accessibility potential? A comparative analysis of Shanghai.
Authors: Zhang Lingzhu , CHIARADIA Alain 
Published: July 2018

In Shanghai, the high-capacity metro network has been proved to play an important role in the urban movement and urban morphology generating pattern. Previous studies on the metro network analysis such as London Underground network (Chiaradia, 2005) and Shanghai Metro network (Zhang, 2014) have shown that topological configuration of metro network can explain at least 50% of entry/exit movement at metro stations. The Shanghai metro network uses a core ring (Inner ring Line 4) to encircle a core of stations which are characterized by higher line connectivity. Branches radiate from the core and reach further areas of the urban system. However, the core lines and stations have over-congested especially at peak time, at the same time, the link mean distance doesn’t minimized because the inner ring core is not big enough for the ever growing metro network. How should the network be designed to achieve best accessibility potential? Through the use of sDNA (spatial design network analysis) and geographic information system, this paper compared current 2016 and planned 2020 Shanghai metro network (Fig 1). There was an increase of 23% in the metro station amount, however, the mean distance only decreased by 2.6%, and the line connectivity increased by 0.68%. Inspired by the Shanghai City Planning 2015-2040 which will reserve place for a ring-shaped metro line near mid-ring, and by the two orbital rail rings for the Greater Paris, we did a comparison between 4 network plans based on the 2016 network: a) a mid-ring line added; b)a mid-ring line &amp; mid-ring express line added; c) two ellipse rings added; d) two ellipse rings &amp; ellipse express lines added (Fig 2). The results showed that the plan D works best for minimizing mean distance and maximizing line connectivity, followed by plan C, plan B, and plan A. Two ellipse rings and express lines led to a reduction of more than 30% of network mean distance and an increase of 18.5% of line connectivity, corresponding to only 13% increase of the metro station amount. The proposed approach enables us to configurationally examine urban metro network accessibility potential and provides decision support for urban development.
Recovering the Habitat concept within Urban Morphology
Authors: Marat-Mendes Teresa , Cabrita Maria Amélia 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to explore the Habitat debate within ISUF. We quest that within this concept, as placed by Moudon (1997) in her inaugural paper to Urban Morphology, there is an intrinsic call towards an equilibrium between the various dimensions of urban form and a trans-disciplinary approach to the study of urban form, which deserves further investigation.According to Whitehand (2012) specific constrains affected the full concretization of such trans-disciplinary efforts, namely the further specialization of the disciplinary areas. Moreover, as argued by Marat-Mendes (2016), the focus placed by urban morphology on the physical dimensions of urban form has been significantly higher than on the social or human dimensions of the urban form, thus affecting in turn the above-identified equilibrium. In order to contribute to such debate, this paper presents the results of an ongoing investigation (Marat-Mendes, Cabrita, 2015), which seeks to recuperate the concept of Habitat within urban morphology. To do that, it first identifies the concept of Habitat as it was first defined in a number of seminal works to urban morphology (Demangeon, 1926). Secondly, it exposes how did such concept evolved throughout specific historical, disciplinary and methodological contexts (Deyong, 2011). And thirdly, it reveals the impact that such evolution had on the various problematics and scales of approach by those to which the Habitat issue was central for the study of urban from, including some contemporary contributions from various interdisciplinary areas, which seem to be recuperating that concept, although not explicitly. References Demangeon, A. (1926) ‘Un Questionnaire sur L’Habitat Rural, Annales de Géographie 35 (196), 289-292. Deyong, S. (2011) ‘Planetary habitat: the origins of a phantom movement’ The Journal of Architecture 6 (2), 113-128. Moudon, A. V. (1997) ‘The need for a Habitat Agenda within Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 1 3-10. Marat-Mendes, T. (2016) ‘Physical, social and cultural dimensions of Urban Morphology: redressing the balance?’ Urban Morphology 20 (2)167-168. Marat-Mendes, T., Cabrita, M. A. (2015) ‘A Morfologia Urbana na Arquitectura em Portugal. Notas sobre uma abordagem tipo-morfológica’, in Oliveira et al. (eds.) O estudo da forma urbana em Portugal (UPorto, Porto) 65-94. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2012) ‘Issues in Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 16 (1), 55-65.
Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid
Authors: Sáenz de Tejada Granados Carlota , Rodríguez Romero Eva Juana , Santo-Tomás Muro Rocío 
Published: July 2018

Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados¹, Eva J. Rodríguez Romero², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rodrom@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: energy landscape, periphery, urban history, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: City transformations The promotion or access to certain energy technologies has changed the humanized landscape throughout history; cities have been born around, and because of an energy source, or have been displaced in order for energy-related infrastructures to take their spot. However, and for any city from its very beginning, energy paradigm shifts have deeply altered their morphology. Not only extraction, but especially transformation and transport of resources materializes in artefacts, often controversial and soon-to-be obsolete. This is especially patent in the ever-changing city boundaries; the fringe of ‘proximity’, where the collision between the countryside and the urban mesh embodies the relations and contradictions between urban growth, energy demand and landscape protection. In a context of growing cities (both in terms of expansion of its artificial land and in terms of energy demand), we are facing two paths which not always converge: an inevitable low carbon transition and a growing sensitivity towards ordinary landscapes. This article, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’, studies the development of the city of Madrid in relation to its energy access and management, in a series of key stages: mid-19thC (before the bourgeois enlargement plan approved in 1860), early 20thC (when the introduction of electricity powered a deep urban transformation and outlaying urban cores were annexed), mid-late 20thC (when a rural exodus took place and the peripheries of Madrid grew rapidly) and today. References Ivancic, A. (2010) Land&amp;Scape Series: Energyscapes (Gustavo Gili, Barcelona). Mumford, L. (2010, original 1934) Technics and Civilization (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Vicente, V. (2015) El Ensanche Sur. Arganzuela (1860-1931). Los barrios negros (Los libros de la Catarata, Madrid). Zoido, F. (2006) ‘Paisaje e infraestructuras, una relación de interés mutuo’, Carreteras: Revista técnica de la Asociación Española de la Carretera, 150, 190-199.
Diachronic transformations of urban routes for the theory of attractors
Authors: Camiz Alessandro 
Published: July 2018

Alessandro Camiz ¹ ¹ Department of Architecture, Girne American University, Cyprus, Association for Historical Dialogue and Research, Home for Cooperation (H4C), 28 Marcou Dracou Street, Nicosia, Cyprus, 1102. E-mail: alessandrocamiz@gau.edu.tr Keywords (3-5): urban tissues, urban morphology, urban routes, theory, history Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology Recent urban morphology studies consider urban tissues as living organisms changing in time (Strappa, Carlotti, Camiz, 2016), following this assumption the theory should examine more analytically what Muratori called ‘medievalisation’ (Muratori, 1959), a term describing some of the transformations of urban routes happened in the middle ages. The paper considers the diachronic deformation of routes, and other multi-scalar occurrences of the attraction phenomena (Charalambous, Geddes, 2015), introducing the notion of attractors and repellers. Archaeological studies already do consider attractors and repellers as a tool to interpret some territorial transformations, following the assumption that “the trajectory that a system follows through time is the result of a continuous dynamic interaction between that system and the multiple 'attractors' in its environment” (Renfrew, Bahn, 2013, p. 184). There are different elements that can act as attractors in an urban environment, such as bridges, city walls, city gates, water systems, markets, special buildings, and it is possible to consider each of these anthropic attractors as equivalent to a morphological attractor at the geographical scale. We can even interpret the ridge-top theory (Caniggia, 1976) as the result of attraction and repellence of geographic features on anthropic routes. The territorial scale analysis is the methodological base of the theory, but the attractors herein considered operate at the urban scale, deviating locally across time from a rectilinear trajectory and defining a specific urban fabric. The research interprets and reads the effects of attractors on urban routes and fabrics as a method for the reconstruction of Nicosia’s medieval city walls, in continuity between the Conzenian approach (Whitehand, 2012) and the Italian School of Urban Morphology (Marzot, 2002). References:, Muratori, S. (1959) Studi per un’operante storia urbana di Venezia (Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Roma). Caniggia, G. (1976) Strutture dello spazio antropico. Studi e note (Uniedit, Firenze). Marzot, N. (2002) ‘The study of urban form in Italy’, Urban Morphology 6.2, 59-73. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2012) ‘Issues in urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 16.1, 55-65. Renfrew, C., Bahn, P. (eds.) (2013) Archaeology: The Key Concepts, (London, Routledge). Charalambous, N., Geddes, I. (2015) ‘Making Spatial Sense of Historical Social Data’, Journal of Space Syntax 6.1, 81-101. Strappa, G., Carlotti, P., Camiz, A. (2016) Urban Morphology and Historical Fabrics. Contemporary design of small towns in Latium (Gangemi, Roma).
Henri Prost in Istanbul: Urban transformation process of Taksim-Maçka Valley (Le parc n°2)
Authors: Bolca Pelin , Tamborrino Rosa , Rinaudo Fulvio 
Published: July 2018

With the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923, modernization studies have been started throughout the country. The Republican authorities which adopted a new form of government independent of the Ottoman Empire had expectations for the city planning of Turkey according to the modernization rules of urbanism. After the proclamation of the Republic, the capital of the country was relocated from Istanbul to Ankara and the funds of the Republic were canalized to the construction of the new capital city. Following the creation of Ankara, in 1935, French architect and urban planner Henri Prost was invited directly to conduct the planning of Istanbul. He worked between 1936 and 1951 with a conservative and modernist attitude. Prost’s plans for Istanbul was based on three principal issues: the transportation (la circulation), hygiene (l’hygiène) and aesthetics (l’aesthetics). He gave importance on urban and public spaces (espaces libres) and proposed two public parks. One of these parks was considered as an archaeological park at the hearth of the Historical Peninsula (parc n1), the other one was considered as a park with cultural, arts and sports functions into the hearth of the Pera district which was the area extending from today’s Taksim Square to Maçka Valley (parc n2) and wherein these days the modern and new city was built. Only Park No2 (parc n2) was partially constructed in the 1940s following these park plans. However, the park has been transformed by the planning decisions taken over time depending on the political, cultural and ideological changes and this transformation process has been intensively discussed by the academic and professional field on the Istanbul’s and Turkey’s urban agenda. The focus of this study is to understand and define the process of transformation, and investigate the changing of significances of the Taksim-Maçka Valley from foundation of the Republic of Turkey to the present time. Accordingly, the first part of the paper presents the formation process of the area through the 1:2000 plan of Park No2 (parc n2) and the 1:500 plan of The Republic Square and the İnönü Esplanade in Taksim (la place de la République et l'esplanade İnönü à Taksim) which were prepared by Henri Prost. In the second part, the transformation process that occurs after Prost was discharged from his position is analyzed. The paper concludes with a discussion on the pros and cons of the transformation. In the study, the “digital urban history method” (telling the history of the city in the age of the ICT revolution) was used through the power of various direct and indirect sources with ArcGIS and 3D modeling techniques.
Extending the concept of the morphological frame: a case study of Tangshan old military airport
Authors: Song Feng , Peng Rongxi , Zhang Zijiao , Li Yixi 
Published: July 2018

Extending the concept of the morphological frame: a case study of Tangshan old military airport Rongxi Peng, Zijiao Zhang, Yixi Li, Feng Song* College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University. 100871 Beijing E-mail: pengrongxi@pku.edu.cn, 411148973@qq.com, elaine9565@yeah.net, songfeng@urban.pku.edu.cn*(corresponding author)Telephone Number: +86 132-6990-0350, +86 139-1013-6101* Keywords: China, morphological frame, three-dimensional view, airport Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space/ City transformations/ Stages in territorial configuration The concept of the morphological frame is important in urban morphology, but it has been discussed much less than other critical concepts, such as the fringe belt and the fixation line. Passing its features on as inherited outlines, the morphological frame contains not only the linear fixation line, but also ground plan and three-dimensional aspects. In this research, the linear, ground plan, and three-dimensional morphological frame of Tangshan old military airport during the expansion of the city after the removal of the airport is identified. The former boundary roads of the airport exert obvious influences on the division of plots. The former arterial roads also function as a linear morphological frame. In relation to the ground plan, property rights and plots containing important buildings have an impact on the consequent town plan. The distinct feature of the morphological frame of the airport is its three-dimensional constraint, i.e. the vertical clearance requirement, which restricted the height of surrounding buildings. The impact of this institutional limit can last a very long time owing to the high cost of demolishing the old surrounding buildings or adding extra storeys even if the limit ceased to exist with the removal of the airport. Based on this case study, this paper refines and extends the connotation of the concept of the morphological frame and further discusses the relationship between function and form. References Conzen, M. P. (2009) ‘How cities internalize their former urban fringes: a cross-cultural comparison’, Urban Morphology 13(1), 29. Conzen, M. R. G. (1969) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis (Institute of British Geographers, London). Lin, Y., De Meulder, B. and Wang, S. (2011) ‘From village to metropolis: a case of morphological transformation in Guangzhou, China’, Urban Morphology 15(1), 5-20. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2001) ‘British urban morphology: the Conzenion tradition’, Urban Morphology 5(2), 103-109. Whitehand, J. W. R., Conzen, M. P. and Gu, K. (2016) ‘Plan analysis of historical cities: a Sino-European comparison’, Urban Morphology 20(2), 139-158.
Regenerating historic Tripoli: urban form, problems and potential
Authors: Alakhal Almabrok 
Published: July 2018

ISUF 2017 XXIV international conference : City and territory in the globalization age. Regenerating historic Tripoli: urban form, problems and potential Mr. Almabrok Alakhal Almabrok.Alakhal@mail.bcu.ac.uk Keywords: Urban regeneration, Urban form, Changing pattern of urban form, Tripoli. Conference topics and scale : Urban morphological methods and techniques. Abstract This paper examines the impact of change, particularly Modernism, on a traditional Islamic urban core: the historic centre of Tripoli. It begins by discussing the historical background of Tripoli, identifying the key periods of urban change and growth through the evidence of historic documentation, maps, photographs and sketches. It focuses on the impact of Modernism, introduced during the Italian colonial period, identifying the nature, scale and speed of change – to the physical environment (streets, plots, buildings, land uses) and social environment (uses and occupiers). This allows the identification of key problems facing the present-day historic city. The paper then identifies examples of upgrading and urban regeneration projects for urban corridors, street networks and public spaces, drawing on local, national and international comparisons, for evaluating quality, and impact on urban form and design. Finally, it discusses the implications for future urban form. References : Development, A.D (2010), Project of rehabilitation of the old city of Tripoli, Code of the old Tripoli city. Remali, A., Porta, S., Romice, O. and Abudib, H. (2015) 'Street quality, life and centrality in Tripoli' , in Vaughan, L.(ed.) Suburban urbanities: suburbs and the life of the high street (UCL Press. London). 01/02/2017 9:30PM