bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires strengths and limitations as an evaluation and practice tool in Social Work
Authors: O'Neill Emma Amy 
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is an internationally recognised psychometric and behavioural screening tool. The Ministry of Social Development (MSD) have endorsed the SDQ as the primary behavioural screening and client outcome evaluation tool for the Social Workers in Schools (SWiS) service in 2018. The usefulness of the SDQ in social work practice and in evaluating client outcomes, however, remains unclear. This study explored two years of aggregated Youth Workers in Secondary Schools (YWiSS) SDQ scores to understand what client outcomes could be evidenced. This study further reflects on SDQs as a contractually mandated practice tool and their appropriateness in social work practice.METHOD: Data were collected from the Family Works Northern (FWN) YWiSS database.Data modelling and analysis tested what aggregated client, parent and teacher SDQ scorescommunicated for changes in clients’ behavioural difficulties at service entry, mid-point and exit. FINDINGS: Analysis of two years of YWiSS client, parent and teacher SDQ scores aggregated at a service level provided inconsistent evidence of client need and outcomes by SDQ thematic categories. A number of factors, including the SDQ being voluntary, clients exiting service early and the challenge of asking the same teachers and parents to complete an SDQ, meant that there were very few SDQ scores completed by all parties at the service exit point, following a two-year intervention.CONCLUSION: The findings in this research suggest that the SDQ as a standalone behavioural screening and outcome evaluation tool within social work is limited. Aggregated YWiSS SDQ results provided limited insights about the complexity of client needs or any intervention outcomes to practitioners, social service providers and funders. The use of SDQ in social work requires further scrutiny to test its ability to communicate a client’s level of need and any intervention outcomes to these stakeholders.
Tafatolu (three-sides): A Samoan research methodological framework
Authors: Palaamo Alesana Fosi 
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: A Samoan research methodological framework called Tafatolu (three-sides) involves the synthesis of three key parts considered as valuable to any research – a contemporary academic approach to research, a cultural approach, and the self that represents the researcher’s perspectives and positioning within the project. The rationale behind the Tafatolu methodological framework is to provide an integration of Western and Samoan perspectives to research that incorporates the cultural values and practices of the target population, as well as of the researcher.METHOD: The researcher’s doctoral study that conceptualised, articulated, and used the Tafatolu methodological framework involved the synthesis of a contemporary academic approach to research (qualitative approach), with a cultural approach (a Samoan metaphor fetu’utu’una’i muniao– manoeuvring a fisher’s rod), merged with the researcher’s own input into doingresearch (positioning as an insider/outsider researcher). Specifically, the Tafatolu methodological framework guided the researcher’s study in its methodology, methods, and the analysis of data.IMPLICATIONS: The Tafatolu methodological framework proposed and discussed in this paper provides a way to integrate western and contemporary academic approaches to research, with indigenous and cultural approaches. The fusion of its underlying concepts – a contemporary academic approach, a cultural approach, and the self – can accommodate both the context of the targeted populations under review, as well as the context of the researcher.
Pasifika pedagogies in an indigenous tertiary environment
Authors: Ikiua Jay Hikuleo 
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: This article examines how culturally appropriate teaching contributes to a positive learning experience for Pasifika students on the Bachelor of Bicultural Social Work degree programme at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa (TWoA), an indigenous tertiary institution in New Zealand dedicated to promoting access to education for Māori and others and delivering an educational experience based on indigenous principles and practice.APPROACH: Teaching in a social work programme is explored through the lens of the Kaupapa Wānanga framework and Ngā Ūara (values) that form the foundational ideology of TWoA. It draws on the personal experiences of a social services educator using culturally responsive pedagogies that embrace the unique links of Polynesia–Pasifika peoples. CONCLUSIONS:Culturally responsive pedagogy is vital for Pasifika students to feel valued and culturally connected.
Vicarious Futurity: Parents' Perspectives on Locating Strengths in Adolescents with Autism.
Authors: Hastie Jan Louise , Stephens Christine 
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: Parents’ perspectives of strengths in adolescents with autism is the focus of this research. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have some of the best outcomes for cognition, communication and social development when they begin intensive treatment during early childhood. Most research in ASD has focussed on this part of the lifespan. This has tended to ignore the need for research that covers the whole lifespan including adolescence and adulthood, where extremely poor outcomes often emerge. Furthermore, from a reductionist bio-medical view of ASD, research into adolescence and adulthood has highlighted the maladaptive and pathological behaviour of people with ASD. METHODS: This qualitative study provides a space for parents to identify the strengths of adolescents, aged from 13–19 years, with ASD. Parents with the experience of raising an adolescent with ASD were asked to take or gather five photographs that displayed the strengths of the adolescent. Data were generated through the discussion of the photographs between the parent(s) or primary caregivers of the adolescent and the researcher. Eight families, with nine adolescents were recruited for the research and 10 parents were interviewed. FINDINGS: The results of the research suggest that parents could identify strengths in adolescents with ASD and that these strengths were evaluated relative to diagnostic features of ASD or as supportive of daily family functioning. Furthermore, identifying adolescent strengths supported the parents’ hopes for the future, described as “vicarious futurity.”CONCLUSION: This perspective poses a challenge to the common assumptions that ASD is associated with dysfunctional family life dominated by poor parental mental health, caregiver burden and research that objectifies those with ASD as being challenging. Identifying strengths points to more opportunities for success for an adolescent with ASD.
Speaking the same language: Navigating information-sharing in the youth justice sphere
Authors: Appleby Joanna , Shepherd Dr Matthew , Staniforth Dr Barbara 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Qualitative research was undertaken to explore professionals’ experiences of cross-sector information-sharing about the mental health needs of young people in youth justice residences in Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods: Eight focus groups (N = 36) were conducted across Aotearoa New Zealand. Half of these were with case leaders from each of the four Oranga Tamariki – Ministry for Children – youth justice residences. The other half were with youth forensic service (YFS) clinicians who provide mental health services in each youth justice residence. Findings: The findings showed positive cross-sector relationships, despite a lack of policy around information-sharing in this context. Themes from case leaders included the practicalities of the residential environment (including restriction on young people’s freedoms and managing group safety), and case leaders’ brokerage role between competing theoretical frameworks in residence. Themes from YFS clinicians included the importance of cross-sector information-sharing for the assessment and discharge phases of mental health input. Overall themes included the impact of relationships on information-sharing, and the importance of including residential care team staff within information-sharing practices. A proposed model of information-sharing in this context has been developed.Conclusions: Effective information-sharing in youth justice residences is imperative to ensure that young people receive appropriate mental health input in residences, and that residence staff are supported to provide the best care for these young people. Social work has an important role within information-sharing practices with use of systems theory, translation of clinical jargon, and advocacy for the needs of young people involved in multiple systems.
Planting density and size-controlling rootstocks influence the performance of Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.)
Authors: Cline John A. 
Published: August 2019

Two multi-year experiments were conducted to determine the influence of planting density and rootstocks on the performance of Montmorency tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.). Using a constant between-row spacing of 4.5 m, three in-row tree spacings of 4, 3 and 1.5 m were tested with five rootstocks: Weiroot 13, Gisela 6, Krymsk 6, Krymsk 7, and a Prunus mahaleb control. In a second experiment, the comparative effects of five rootstocks spaced 4.5 m × 1.35 m were evaluated: (i) P. mahaleb, (ii) Weiroot 10, (iii) Weiroot 13, (iv) Weiroot 72, and (v) Weiroot 158. With higher tree density, yields increased and tree vigour declined. At higher densities, Weiroot 13 was up to 43% and Gisela 6 16% smaller than Mahaleb, whereas Krymsk 6 and 7 were similar in size to Mahaleb. At the highest density, Mahaleb reduced tree size by 20%. After 7 yr, tree mortality on Krymsk 6 and 7 was greater than the other rootstocks, as was the number of root suckers on Krymsk 7. Cumulative yields, yield efficiency, fruit quality characteristic, and light interception were also markedly influenced by planting density and rootstocks. Overall, evaluated rootstocks ranged in size control from slight to semi-dwarfing, and several showed promise in terms of their induction of high-yield precocity and yield efficiency of the scion. Weiroot selections and Gisela 6 had the greatest beneficial effects on productivity and yield efficiencies. Under experimental conditions, Krymsk 6 and 7 were unsuitable because of their lower cumulative yields and high rate of mortality, respectively.
Thermoregulatory adaptations with progressive heat acclimation are predominantly evident in uncompensable, but not compensable, conditions
Authors: Ravanelli Nicholas , Coombs Geoff , Imbeault Pascal , Jay Ollie 
Published: August 2019

This study assessed whether, notwithstanding lower resting absolute core temperatures, alterations in time-dependent changes in thermoregulatory responses following partial and complete heat acclimation (HA) are only evident during uncompensable heat stress. Eight untrained individuals underwent 8 wk of aerobic training (i.e., partial HA) followed by 6 days of HA in 38°C/65% relative humidity (RH) (i.e., complete HA). On separate days, esophageal temperature (Tes), arm (LSRarm), and back (LSRback) sweat rate, and whole body sweat rate (WBSR) were measured during a 45-min compensable (37°C/30% RH) and 60-min uncompensable (37°C/60% RH) heat stress trial pre-training (PRE-TRN), post-training (POST-TRN), and post–heat acclimation (POST-HA). For compensable heat stress trials, resting Tes was lower POST-TRN (36.74 ± 0.27°C, P = 0.05) and POST-HA (36.60 ± 0.27°C, P = 0.001) compared with PRE-TRN (36.99 ± 0.19°C); however, ΔTes was similar in all trials (PRE-TRN:0.40 ± 0.23°C; POST-TRN:0.42 ± 0.20°C; POST-HA:0.43 ± 0.12°C, P = 0.97). While LSRback was unaltered by HA ( P = 0.94), end-exercise LSRarm was higher POST-TRN (0.70 ± 0.14 mg·cm−2·min−1, P < 0.001) and POST-HA (0.75 ± 0.16 mg·cm−2·min−1, P < 0.001) compared with PRE-TRN (0.61 ± 0.15 mg·cm−2·min−1). Despite matched evaporative heat balance requirements, steady-state WBSR (31st–45th min) was greater POST-TRN (12.7 ± 1.0 g/min, P = 0.02) and POST-HA (12.9 ± 0.8 g/min, P = 0.004), compared with PRE-TRN (11.7 ± 0.9 g/min). For uncompensable heat stress trials, resting Tes was lower POST-TRN (36.77 ± 0.22°C, P = 0.05) and POST-HA (36.62 ± 0.15°C, P = 0.03) compared with PRE-TRN (36.86 ± 0.24°C). But ΔTes was smaller POST-TRN (0.77 ± 0.19°C, P = 0.05) and POST-HA (0.75 ± 0.15°C, P = 0.04) compared with PRE-TRN (1.10 ± 0.32°C). LSRback and LSRarm increased with HA ( P < 0.007), supporting the greater WBSR with HA (POST-TRN:14.4 ± 2.4 g/min, P < 0.001; POST-HA:16.8 ± 2.8 g/min, P < 0.001) compared with PRE-TRN (12.7 ± 3.2 g/min). In conclusion, the thermal benefits of HA are primarily evident when conditions challenge the physiological capacity to dissipate heat. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that neither partial nor complete heat acclimation alters the change in core temperature during compensable heat stress compared with an unacclimated state, despite a marginally greater whole body sweat rate. However, the greater local and whole body sweat rate with partial and complete heat acclimation reduced the rise in core temperature during 60 min of uncompensable heat stress compared with an unacclimated state, suggesting the improvements in heat dissipation associated with heat acclimation are best observed when the upper physiological limits for evaporative heat loss are challenged.
Pharmacokinetics of 99mTc-HMPAO in isolated perfused rat lungs
Authors: Clough Anne V. , Barry Katherine , Rizzo Benjamin M. , Jacobs Elizabeth R. , Audi Said H. 
Published: August 2019

Lung uptake of technetium-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) increases in rat models of human acute lung injury, consistent with increases in lung tissue glutathione (GSH). Since 99mTc-HMPAO uptake is the net result of multiple cellular and vascular processes, the objective was to develop an approach to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 99mTc-HMPAO uptake in isolated perfused rat lungs. Lungs of anesthetized rats were excised and connected to a ventilation-perfusion system. 99mTc-HMPAO (56 MBq) was injected into the pulmonary arterial cannula, a time sequence of images was acquired, and lung time-activity curves were constructed. Imaging was repeated with a range of pump flows and perfusate albumin concentrations and before and after depletion of GSH with diethyl maleate (DEM). A pharmacokinetic model of 99mTc-HMPAO pulmonary disposition was developed and used for quantitative interpretation of the time-activity curves. Experimental results reveal that 99mTc-HMPAO lung uptake, defined as the steady-state value of the 99mTc-HMPAO lung time-activity curve, was inversely related to pump flow. Also, 99mTc-HMPAO lung uptake decreased by ~65% after addition of DEM to the perfusate. Increased perfusate albumin concentration also resulted in decreased 99mTc-HMPAO lung uptake. Model simulations under in vivo flow conditions indicate that lung tissue GSH is the dominant factor in 99mTc-HMPAO retention in lung tissue. The approach allows for evaluation of the dominant factors that determine imaging biomarker uptake, separation of the contributions of pulmonary versus systemic processes, and application of this knowledge to in vivo studies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed an approach for studying the pharmacokinetics of technetium-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) in isolated perfused lungs. A distributed-in-space-and-time computational model was fit to data and used to investigate questions that cannot readily be addressed in vivo. Experimental and modeling results indicate that tissue GSH is the dominant factor in 99mTc-HMPAO retention in lung tissue. This modeling approach can be readily extended to investigate the lung pharmacokinetics of other biomarkers and models of lung injury and treatment thereof.
Evaporative heat loss insufficient to attain heat balance at rest in individuals with a spinal cord injury at high ambient temperature
Authors: Griggs K. E. , Havenith G. , Price M. J. , Goosey-Tolfrey V. L. 
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to determine whether climatic limits for achieving heat balance at rest are affected by spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-three men [8 able-bodied (AB), 8 with paraplegia (PP), and 7 with tetraplegia (TP)] rested in 37°C and 20% relative humidity (RH) for 20 min. With the ambient temperature held constant, RH was increased by 5% every 7 min, until gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi) showed a clear inflection or increased by >1°C. Tgi, skin temperatures, perceptual responses, and metabolic energy expenditure were measured throughout. Metabolic heat production [AB: 123 (21) W, PP: 111 (15) W, TP: 103 (29) W; means (SD)] and required rate of evaporative cooling for heat balance [Ereq; AB: 113 (20) W, PP: 107 (17) W, TP: 106 (29) W] were similar between groups ( P = 0.22 and P = 0.79). Compared with AB, greater increases in Tgi were observed in TP ( P = 0.01), with notable increases in mean skin temperature (Tsk) for TP and PP ( P = 0.01). A Tgi inflection point was demonstrated by seven AB, only three of eight PP, and no TP. Despite metabolic heat production (and Ereq) being similar between groups, evaporative heat loss was not large enough to obtain heat balance in TP, linked to a shortfall in evaporative cooling potential. Although PP possess a greater sweating capacity, the continual increase in Tgi and Tsk in most PP, although lower than for TP, implies that latent heat loss for PP is also insufficient to attain heat balance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the absence of convective heat loss, at temperatures around 37°C evaporative heat loss is insufficient to attain heat balance at rest in individuals with paraplegia and tetraplegia. This finding was directly linked to a shortfall in evaporative cooling potential compared with required evaporative cooling. In this environment, individuals with both paraplegia and tetraplegia cannot subjectively determine the magnitude of their thermal strain; thus perceptual responses should not be relied upon for this population group.
Src-Dependent DBL Family Members Drive Resistance to Vemurafenib in Human Melanoma
Authors: Feddersen Charlotte R. , Schillo Jacob L. , Varzavand Afshin , Vaughn Hayley R. , Wadsworth Lexy S. , Voigt Andrew P. , Zhu Eliot Y. , Jennings Brooke M. , Mullen Sarah A. , Bobera Jeremy , Riordan Jesse D. , Stipp Christopher S. , Dupuy Adam J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The use of selective BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) has produced remarkable outcomes for patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma harboring a BRAFV600E mutation. Unfortunately, the majority of patients eventually develop drug-resistant disease. We employed a genetic screening approach to identify gain-of-function mechanisms of BRAFi resistance in two independent melanoma cell lines. Our screens identified both known and unappreciated drivers of BRAFi resistance, including multiple members of the DBL family. Mechanistic studies identified a DBL/RAC1/PAK signaling axis capable of driving resistance to both current and next-generation BRAFis. However, we show that the SRC inhibitor, saracatinib, can block the DBL-driven resistance. Our work highlights the utility of our straightforward genetic screening method in identifying new drug combinations to combat acquired BRAFi resistance.

Significance:
A simple, rapid, and flexible genetic screening approach identifies genes that drive resistance to MAPK inhibitors when overexpressed in human melanoma cells.
Banding Together: A Systematic Comparison of The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Mitelman Databases
Authors: Denomy Connor , Germain Samuel , Haave Bjorn , Vizeacoumar Frederick S. , Freywald Andrew , Weaver Beth A. , Vizeacoumar Franco J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Cytogenetic aberrations at the single-cell level represent an important characteristic of cancer cells relevant to tumor evolution and prognosis. However, with the advent of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), there has been a major shift in cancer research to the use of data from aggregate cell populations. Given that tumor cells harbor hundreds to thousands of biologically relevant genetic alterations that manifest as intratumor heterogeneity, these aggregate analyses may miss alterations readily observable at single-cell resolution. Using the Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions in Cancer, we developed an algorithm to parse International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature notation for quantitative abnormalities. Comparison of the Mitelman database and TCGA demonstrated that the Mitelman database is a powerful resource, and that cytogenetic aberrations captured by traditional approaches used in Mitelman database are on par with population-based genomic analyses used in TCGA. This algorithm will help nonspecialists to overcome the challenges associated with the format and syntax of the Mitelman database.

Significance:
A novel in silico approach compares cytogenetic data between the Mitelman database and TCGA, highlighting the advantages and limitations of both datasets.
Targeting the Chromosomal Passenger Complex Subunit INCENP Induces Polyploidization, Apoptosis, and Senescence in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Sun Ming , Veschi Veronica , Bagchi Sukriti , Xu Man , Mendoza Arnulfo , Liu Zhihui , Thiele Carol J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) has been demonstrated to be a potential target of cancer therapy by inhibiting Aurora B or survivin in different types of cancer including neuroblastoma. However, chemical inhibition of either Aurora B or survivin does not target CPC specifically due to off-target effects or CPC-independent activities of these two components. In a previous chromatin-focused siRNA screen, we found that neuroblastoma cells were particularly vulnerable to loss of INCENP, a gene encoding a key scaffolding component of the CPC. In this study, INCENP was highly expressed by neuroblastoma cells, and its expression decreased following retinoic acid–induced neuroblastoma differentiation. Elevated levels of INCENP were significantly associated with poor prognosis in primary tumors of neuroblastoma patients with high-risk disease. Genetic silencing of INCENP reduced the growth of both MYCN–wild-type and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro and decreased the growth of neuroblastoma xenografts in vivo, with significant increases in murine survival. Mechanistically, INCENP depletion suppressed neuroblastoma cell growth by inducing polyploidization, apoptosis, and senescence. In most neuroblastoma cell lines tested in vitro, apoptosis was the primary cell fate after INCENP silencing due to induction of DNA damage response and activation of the p53–p21 axis. These results confirm that CPC is a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma, and targeting INCENP is a novel way to disrupt the activity of CPC and inhibit tumor progression in neuroblastoma.

Significance:
Dysregulation of INCENP contributes to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and targeting INCENP presents a novel strategy to disrupt the activity of chromosomal passenger complex and inhibit neuroblastoma progression.