bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building A Longitudinal Cohort From 9‐1‐1 to 1‐Year Using Existing Data Sources, Probabilistic Linkage, and Multiple Imputation: A Validation Study
Authors: Newgard Craig D. , Malveau Susan , Zive Dana , Lupton Joshua , Lin Amber 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to describe and validate construction of a population‐based, longitudinal cohort of injured older adults from 9‐1‐1 call to 1‐year follow‐up using existing data sources, probabilistic linkage, and multiple imputation.MethodsThis was a descriptive cohort study conducted in seven counties in Oregon and Washington from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2011, with follow‐up through December 31, 2012. The primary cohort included all injured adults ≥ 65 years served by 44 emergency medical services (EMS) agencies. We used nine existing databases to assemble the cohort, including EMS data, two state trauma registries, two state discharge databases, two state vital statistics databases, the Oregon Physician Order for Life‐Sustaining Treatment registry, and Medicare claims data. We matched data files using probabilistic linkage and handled missing values with multiple imputation. We independently validated data processes using 1,350 randomly sampled records for probabilistic linkage and 3,140 randomly sampled records for variables created from existing data sources.ResultsThere were 15,649 injured older adults in the primary cohort, with 13,661 (87.3%) total matched records and 9,337 (59.7%) matches to the index ED/hospital visit. The sensitivity of linkage was 99.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 99.3%–100%) for any match and 98.3% (95% CI = 96.2%–99.4%) for index event matches. The specificity of linkage was 95.7% (95% CI = 93.7%–97.2%) for any match and 100% (95% CI = 99.2%–100%) for index event matches. Name, date of birth, home zip code, age, and hospital had the highest yield for linkage. Patients with matched records tended to be higher acuity than unmatched patients, suggesting selection bias if unmatched patients were excluded. Compared to hand‐abstracted values, the sensitivity of electronically derived variables ranged from 18.2% (abdominal‐pelvic Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥ 3) to 97.4% (in‐hospital mortality), with specificity of 88.0% to 99.8%.ConclusionsA population‐based emergency care cohort with long‐term outcomes can be constructed from existing data sources with high accuracy and reasonable validity of resulting variables.
Value of repeat radical transurethral resection for selected patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Li Zhuo , Li Yuanwei , Lu Qiang , Chen Jia 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and necessity of repeat transurethral resection (re‐TUR) treatment for selected patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and to investigate the possibility of bladder sparing.MethodsThe study included 61 selected patients with invasive bladder cancer who were treated by re‐TUR and in whom biopsies of the muscle layer of the tumour bed were negative. Re‐TUR was performed within 4–6 weeks of the initial resection. Pirarubicin instillation was scheduled for the bladder‐preserving group. The prognosis was compared with that of patients in our previous research, which included 93 selected patients with invasive bladder cancer who were treated by radical TUR. In that research, we found that the overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates were 59.1 and 65.2%, respectively. The clinical stage of tumour influenced the survival rates.ResultsOf the 61 patients who underwent re‐TUR, 31 never had disease relapse, 19 had disease recurrence and 11 had disease progression. The clinical stage of the tumour influenced the overall survival and disease‐specific survival. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 70% and disease‐specific survival rate was 74%, respectively. Compared with the TUR group, both the overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates of the re‐TUR group both increased significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionsRe‐TUR combined with pirarubicin instillation is a suitable bladder‐preserving treatment for selected patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, based on good overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates demonstrated in this research. The clinical stage of tumour has a major influence on the survival rates.
Does Accounting Treatment of Share‐based Payments Impact Performance Measures for Banks?
Authors: Alhaj Ismail Alaa , Adwan Sami , Stittle John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper identifies, evaluates and analyses the resulting impact of mandatory expensing of share‐based compensation (SBC) under IFRS2/FASB123R on a set of widely used performance measures in the EU and US banking industry. The paper shows that the accounting treatment of SBC schemes, following the mandatory adoption of IFRS2/FAS123R, has a statistically significant negative impact on the selected performance measures over the period 2004–11. The impact also seems to be material, yet modest, for US banks and only for large and high‐growth EU banks, indicating that earlier public concerns and criticisms of the implementation of IFRS2/FAS123R are largely unsubstantiated. The findings also show that banks continue to use SBC, but there is a reduction, albeit insignificant, in the recognised SBC expense over the period 2009–11. That is, earlier public concerns that firms would curtail employing SBC in their employees’ compensation schemes to avoid the effect of SBC expense recognition on their financial ratios came to light after the first option life‐cycle in the post‐adoption period was over. The findings also show a marked movement towards using cash‐settled‐based payments, possibly due to their manipulative accounting treatment, a potentially interesting issue for related accounting research and accounting standard setters.
Land Grabbing, the State and Chiefs: The Politics of Extending Commercial Agriculture in Ghana
Authors: Lanz Kristina , Gerber Jean‐David , Haller Tobias 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSince 2006, Ghana has experienced a wave of large‐scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) for agricultural purposes. Although these acquisitions are enabled by favourable agricultural and investment policies, investors nevertheless generally negotiate directly with traditional authorities, often bypassing state authorities in the acquisition process. The strength of customary authorities is often attributed to the weakness of the state. Considering historical political precedents, this article argues that chiefs in fact increasingly derive their power and legitimacy from state and donor policy. Chiefs play a crucial role in translating the (inter)national investment and development logic into local customary settings which are characterized by complex and overlapping use rights to land and natural resources. Using data from an LSLA in Ghana's Volta Region, this study shows how chiefs continuously redefine and adapt the customary land tenure system and its intricate governance logic to the globalized neoliberal policy setting, readily switching between different institutional settings (institution shopping) to legitimize their actions. Those whose rights under customary tenure are least secure are most likely to lose out in the process of institutional change from common to private property, while those with close connections to the customary elite are most likely to benefit from LSLAs.
Combined use of external therapeutic ultrasound and tirofiban has synergistic therapeutic effects on no‐reflow after myocardial reperfusion
Authors: Xu Ting‐Yan , Zhao Hang , Qiao Zhi‐Qing , He Ben , Shen Xue‐Dong 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combined use of external therapeutic ultrasound (ETUS) and the specific glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban on myocardial no‐reflow in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction after reperfusion.MethodsThe canine myocardial no‐reflow model was established by a 3‐hour occlusion of the left anterior desecending coronary artery followed by a 2‐hour reperfusion. Twenty‐four canines were divided into four groups (6/group): (1) control, (2) tirofiban alone, (3) ETUS combined with tirofiban (ETUS + tirofiban), and (4) ETUS alone.ResultsThe area of no‐reflow in each of the three treatment groups was significantly decreased, compared with the control group, with the ETUS + tirofiban group having the smallest area. Also, the ETUS + tirofiban group had the highest recanalized rate of microvessels in the no‐reflow area and fewer impaired cellular organelles. The recovery rates of the endocardial and middle circumferential strain as well as longitudinal strain in the ETUS + tirofiban group were significantly greater than those of the tirofiban group. Moreover, the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) was significantly increased in the ETUS + tirofiban group, compared with the other groups.ConclusionsThe combined use of ETUS and tirofiban offers synergistic benefits for the treatment of myocardial no‐reflow.
Recognition and personhood: A critique of Bernstein's account of the wrongfulness of torture
Authors: Brennan Johnny 
Published: July 2018

AbstractJ. M. Bernstein argues that to capture the depths of the harm of torture, we need to do away with the idea that we possess intrinsic and inviolable worth. If personhood is inviolable, then torture can inflict only apparent harm on our standing as persons. Bernstein claims that torture is a paradigm of moral injury because it causes what he calls “devastation”: The victim experiences an actual degradation of his or her personhood. Bernstein argues that our value is given to us through mutual recognition and hence can be lost. In this paper, I argue that if our human value can be lost, then it first must be built up. If it must be built up, then the question of our status before the building begins must be answered. Bernstein faces a problem of human beings who fall outside relations of mutual recognition and hence are valueless. His best option for answering this problem is to point to the centrality of the body in his account of recognition, but doing so reveals a notion of intrinsic worth implicit in his account. I call for a revision of Bernstein's account that can hold on to devastation without eschewing intrinsic worth.
The role of adaptive strategies in plant naturalization
Authors: Guo Wen‐Yong , van Kleunen Mark , Winter Marten , Weigelt Patrick , Stein Anke , Pierce Simon , Pergl Jan , Moser Dietmar , Maurel Noëlie , Lenzner Bernd , Kreft Holger , Essl Franz , Dawson Wayne , Pyšek Petr 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDetermining the factors associated with the naturalization of alien species is a central theme in ecology. Here, we tested the usefulness of a metric for quantifying Grime's seminal concept of adaptive strategies – competitors, stress‐tolerators and ruderals (CSR) – to explain plant naturalizations worldwide. Using a global dataset of 3004 vascular plant species, and accounting for phylogenetic relatedness and species’ native biomes, we assessed the associations between calculated C‐, S‐ and R‐scores and naturalization success for species exhibiting different life forms. Across different plant life forms, C‐scores were positively and S‐scores negatively associated with both the probability of naturalization and the number of regions where the species has naturalized. R‐scores had positive effects on the probability of naturalization. These effects of the scores were, however, weak to absent for tree species. Our findings demonstrate the utility ofCSR‐score calculation to broadly represent, and potentially explain, the naturalization success of plant species.
Ecology and conservation of the American eel in the Caribbean region
Authors: Kwak Thomas J. , Engman Augustin C. , Lilyestrom Craig G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe majority of American eel, Anguilla rostrata LeSueur, knowledge is derived from temperate regions in the United States and Canada, with little known from its tropical Caribbean distribution. Findings of original research on American eel distribution, abundance, population biology, habitat ecology and threats from the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico were synthesised. American eel were captured from 48 of 116 sites (41.4%) in 26 of 49 river basins (53.1%) during 2005–2016, and it was extirpated upstream of dams and migration barriers >3.0 m high (38.9% of habitat). Mean density and biomass were 438.9 fish/ha and 23.44 kg/ha, respectively. Upstream habitats favoured larger individuals, and females were larger than males. The swim‐bladder parasite Anguillicoloides crassus Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki was not found in 120 eels examined. Realised threats include dams and other migratory barriers, habitat loss and alteration and pollution; exotic species and commercial fishing are impending threats; and the least understood is climate change.
Secondary Hydrogeologic Regions of the Conterminous United States
Authors: Belitz Kenneth , Watson Elise , Johnson Tyler D. , Sharpe Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) previously identified and mapped 62 Principal Aquifers (PAs) in the U.S., with 57 located in the conterminous states. Areas outside of PAs, which account for about 40% of the conterminous U.S., were collectively identified as “other rocks.” This paper, for the first time, subdivides this large area into internally‐consistent features, defined here as Secondary Hydrogeologic Regions (SHRs). SHRs are areas of other rock within which the rocks or deposits are of comparable age, lithology, geologic or physiographic setting, and relationship to the presence or absence of underling PAs or overlying glacial deposits. A total of 69 SHRs were identified. The number and size of SHRs identified in this paper are comparable to the number and size of PAs previously identified by the USGS. From a two‐dimensional perspective, SHRs are complementary to PAs, mapped only where the PAs were not identified on the USGS PA map and not mapped where the PAs were identified. SHRs generally consist of low permeability rocks or deposits, but can include locally productive aquifers. The two maps, taken together, provide a comprehensive, national‐scale hydrogeologic framework for assessing and understanding groundwater systems.
How Do Ownership Concentration and Family Control Affect R&D Investments? New Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Ting Irene Wei Kiong , Lo Huai‐Chun , Kweh Qian Long 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study finds a nonlinear relationship between ownership concentration and R&D investments. Specifically, ownership concentration is positively related to R&D investments at a low level of ownership concentration; the relationship becomes negative when ownership concentration is at a high level. However, the impact of ownership concentration on R&D investments is lessened in family‐controlled firms; that is, family control moderates the relationship between ownership concentration and R&D investments. Overall, this study suggests that the ownership concentration's nonlinear impact on R&D investments differs between family‐controlled firms and nonfamily‐controlled firms.
Fecal immunochemical test in colorectal cancer screening: Colonoscopy findings by different cut‐off levels
Authors: Ribbing Wilén Hanna , Blom Johannes , Höijer Jonas , Hultcrantz Rolf 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimFecal immunochemical test (FIT) is used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but number of tests and cut‐off level differ by program. The aim was to evaluate CRC screening with two FIT samples in average‐risk 60‐year‐old men and women and to investigate hemoglobin (Hb) level in correlation to adenoma characteristics.MethodsWe analyzed a cohort from Screening of Swedish Colons trial where participants with at least one of two FIT samples ≥10 μg Hb/g are offered colonoscopy. FIT levels and colonoscopy findings were assessed in multivariable analyses. Cut‐off levels 10–80 μg Hb/g for one and two samples were assessed. FIT levels and advanced neoplasia (AN) were investigated by gender.ResultsA total of 12 383 participated and 1182 positives (551 women) completed colonoscopy diagnosing 27 (2.3%) CRC and 269 (23%) advanced adenomas (AA). Median FIT level was 241.0 and 23.8 for CRC and AA compared with 13.4–15.8 in other subgroups (P = 0.002) correlating with adenoma size (P = 0.038). CRC was detected in 22 and 19 subjects for the first sample at cut‐off 20 and 40 μg Hb/g, compared with 20 and 17 for the mean of two samples at cut‐off 40 and 80 μg Hb/g (P < 0.05). Men had more AN (CRC + AA), (P = 0.003). In women, similar number of AN would be detected with cut‐off lowered from 40 to 20 or from 80 to 40 μg Hb/g, requiring additional 26–34% colonoscopies.ConclusionIn average‐risk 60‐year‐olds, FIT was higher in participants with AN and correlated with adenoma size. FIT screening with one sample at low cut‐off detected more CRC than two samples at higher cut‐off. Applying lower cut‐off in women to equalize gender differences in AN would result in considerable increase in colonoscopy workload.
Maternal and perinatal complications in pregnant women with urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli
Authors: Dautt‐Leyva José G. , Canizalez‐Román Adrian , Acosta Alfaro Luis F. , Gonzalez‐Ibarra Fernando , Murillo‐Llanes Joel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnant women may vary from 5–10% and depends on parity, race, socioeconomic status and anatomical and functional changes in pregnancy. In Mexico, preterm birth accounts for 75% of perinatal deaths and 50% of the neurological sequelae attributable directly to prematurity. The objective of the present study is to describe maternal and perinatal complications in pregnant women with UTI caused by Escherichia coli and to find out the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.MethodsA descriptive and longitudinal study of pregnant women admitted to the Women's Hospital in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico, was carried out from January 2013 to December 2014. Patients with E. coli infection were included, and infections caused by other microorganisms were excluded. The sociodemographic variables, causes of hospitalization and the type of maternal and perinatal complications were determined.ResultsThe causes of admission to the hospital were threatened preterm labor, and fever and threatened abortion. Of 38 patients with threatened preterm labor, 33 went on to delivery, four were preterm births and two were neonatal deaths. E. coli was sensitive to over 90% of piperacillin‐tazobactam, amikacin, nitrofurantoin and carbapenems.ConclusionAccording to this study in a Mexican population, the number one admission diagnosis in women with UTI due to E. coli was threatened preterm labor, and fever and threatened abortion. E. coli was sensitive to more than 90% of piperacillin‐tazobactam, amikacin, nitrofurantoin and carbapenems.
Comparison of the efficacy of diegnogest and levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system after laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis
Authors: Lee Ki H. , Jung Ye W. , Song Soo Y. , Kang Byung H. , Yang Jung B. , Ko Young B. , Lee Mina , Han Hye Y. , Yoo Heon J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy between dienogest and levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) after laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis.MethodsA total of 285 women were diagnosed as endometriosis by laparoscopy between 2011 and 2015. Patients were grouped into no treatment (n = 83), treatment with dienogest (n =130) and treatment with LNG‐IUS (n =72) after laparoscopic surgery. The changes of the pain scores were checked at 6, 12 and 24 months after the surgery, and the rates of disease recurrence and treatment discontinuation rate were determined.ResultsThe participants' mean age was 38.9 years (range 21–54 years). The mean age of LNG‐IUS group (43.7 years) was significantly higher than the no treatment and dienogest groups (39.3 vs 33.9 years, respectively). At 6 and 12 months, the median pain scores in treatment (dienogest and LNG‐IUS) groups were significantly lower than control group. Both treatment groups had significantly lower recurrence rate than control group (3.8% and 9.7%, respectively, vs 32.5%, P =0.001). No significant difference was found in the recurrence rate between the two treatment groups (P =0.461). Patients in the LNG‐IUS group showed lower rate of discontinuation due to complication (27.8%) than those in dienogest group (35.6%, P =0.010).ConclusionLNG‐IUS treatment in the patients with endometriosis is effective for postoperative pain control and preventing recurrence, however, the LNG‐IUS group is older, it is difficult to compare the efficacy between dienogest and LNG‐IUS in present study.
Prevalence of night sleep duration, sleep quality and sleep hygiene practices among children attending childcare services in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Grady Alice , Dodds Pennie , Jones Jannah , Wolfenden Luke , Yoong Serene 
Published: July 2018

AimTo describe parent‐reported child: (i) sleep duration; (ii) sleep quality; (iii) sleep hygiene practices; and (iv) the proportion of children meeting sleep duration recommendations.MethodsA convenience sample of parents of Australian pre‐school‐aged children (3–5 years) were surveyed from the Hunter New England region of New South Wales. The cross‐sectional survey was conducted via computer‐assisted telephone interview. The survey assessed parent and child demographic characteristics and parent‐reported child sleep duration, quality and sleep hygiene practices.ResultsA total of 488 eligible parents or guardians took part in the study. Parents reported that children slept an average of 11.03 h per night. Approximately 96% of children met daily sleep duration recommendations from sleep guidelines for their age group. The majority of parents reported that their child had ‘good’ sleep quality (86.89%). Almost 40% reported that their child woke at least once a night. Sleep hygiene practices were relatively well established; however, a small proportion of parents indicated that they had no rules surrounding bedtime (13.52%) or television use before bed (14.52%).ConclusionsThe current study describes the sleep duration, quality and sleep hygiene practices of a sample of pre‐school‐aged children in New South Wales, Australia. Future research using objective measures of sleep duration and hygiene, as well as assessing a broader spectrum of sleep hygiene practices, is needed.
Chromatin remodeling factor CHR18 interacts with replication protein RPA1A to regulate the DNA replication stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Han Jia‐Jia , Song Ze‐Ting , Sun Jing‐Liang , Yang Zheng‐Ting , Xian Meng‐Jun , Wang Shuo , Sun Ling , Liu Jian‐Xiang 
Published: July 2018

Summary

DNA replication is a fundamental process for the faithful transmission of genetic information in all living organisms. Many endogenous and environmental signals impede fork progression during DNA synthesis, which induces replication errors and DNA replication stress. Chromatin remodeling factors regulate nucleosome occupancy and the histone composition of the nucleosome in chromatin; however, whether chromatin remodeling factors are involved in the DNA replication stress response in plants is unknown.

We reveal that chromatin remodeling factor CHR18 plays important roles in DNA replication stress in Arabidopsis thaliana by interacting with the DNA replication protein RPA1A.

According to the genetic analysis, the loss of function of either CHR18 or RPA1A confers a high sensitivity to DNA replication stress in Arabidopsis. CHR18 interacts with RPA1A in both yeast cells and tobacco epidermal cells. The coexpression of RPA1A and CHR18 enhances the accumulation of CHR18 in nuclear foci in plants. CHR18 is a typical nuclear‐localized chromatin remodeling factor with ATPase activity.

Our results demonstrate that during DNA synthesis in plants, RPA1A interacts with CHR18 and recruits CHR18 to nuclear foci to resolve DNA replication stress, which is important for cell propagation and root growth in Arabidopsis plants.