bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stability of graphene-based Möbius strip with vacancy and at high-temperature
Authors: Yang Kaishuai , Zhang Chuanguo , Zheng Xiaohong , Wang Xianlong , Zeng Zhi 
Published: December 2018

The structural and electronic properties of mono-vacancy (MV) defect in graphene-based Möbius strip (GMS) are studied in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) combined with the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Two kinds of MV defects are observed: the 59-type MV (a configuration with one pentagon and one nonagon ring) located at the curved areas of Möbius strip, and the 5566-type MV (a configuration with two pentagon and two hexagon rings) with one sp3 hybridized carbon appeared in the twisted areas. The 5566-type MV defect is the most stable configuration at 0 K, while the DFT-MD calculations show that it is unstable at room-temperature and will transform into a 59-type MV. Additionally, the melting behavior of GMSs is investigated through empirical potential MD simulations, and we find that their melting temperatures are about 2750 K, which is lower than that of carbon nanotubes and graphene.
Preparation and properties of duplex NI-P-TIO2/NI nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Zhang Weihui , Cao Di , Qiao Yanxin , Wang Yuxin , Li Xiang , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2018

Duplex Ni-P-TiO2/Ni coatings were deposited on the brass substrate by using two baths. Ni-P-TiO2nanocomposite coatings were electroplated as the outer layer on the Ni-plated brass substrate by adding transparent TiO2sol (0–50 mL/L) into the Ni-P plating solution. The microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of the duplex Ni-P-TiO2/Ni nanocomposite coatings were systemically investigated. The results show that the interface of duplex coating was uniform and the adhesion between two layers was extremely good. The microhardness of duplex Ni-P-12.5 mL/L TiO2/Ni coating was [Formula: see text]616 HV[Formula: see text] compared to [Formula: see text]539 HV[Formula: see text] of Ni-P /Ni coating and [Formula: see text]307 HV[Formula: see text] of single Ni coating. Meanwhile, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the duplex nanocomposite coating have also been improved remarkably compared with single Ni coating. However, adding excessive TiO2sol (more than 12.5 mL/L) caused the agglomeration of TiO2nanoparticles and led to a porous structure in the outer layer, resulting in the deterioration of coating properties.
Focused ultrasound transiently increases membrane conductance in isolated crayfish axon
Authors: Lin Jen-Wei , Yu Feiyuan , Müller Wolfgang S. , Ehnholm Gösta , Okada Yoshio 
Published: December 2018

We report a novel phenomenon produced by focused ultrasound (US) that may be important for understanding its effects on cell membranes. When a US burst (2.1 MHz, 1-mm focal diameter, 0.1–1 MPa) was focused on a motor axon of the crayfish neuromuscular junction, it consistently produced a fast hyperpolarization, which was followed or superseded by subthreshold depolarizations or action potentials in a stochastic manner. The depolarization persisted in the presence of voltage-gated channel blockers [1 µM TTX ( INa), 50 µM ZD7288 ( Ih), and 200 µM 4-aminopyridine ( IK)] and typically started shortly after the onset of a 5-ms US burst, with a mean latency of 3.35 ± 0.53 ms (SE). The duration and amplitude of depolarizations averaged 2.13 ± 0.87 s and 10.1 ± 2.09 mV, with a maximum of 200 s and 60 mV, respectively. The US-induced depolarization was always associated with a decrease in membrane resistance. By measuring membrane potential and resistance during the US-induced depolarization, the reversal potential of US-induced conductance ( gus) was estimated to be −8.4 ± 2.3 mV, suggesting a nonselective conductance. The increase in gus was 10–100 times larger than the leak conductance; thus it could significantly influence neuronal activity. This change in conductance may be due to stimulation of mechanoreceptors. Alternatively, US may perturb the lateral motion of phospholipids and produce nanopores, which then increase gus. These results may be important for understanding mechanisms underlying US-mediated modulation of neuronal activity and brain function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report a specific increase in membrane conductance produced by ultrasound (US) on neuronal membrane. When a 5-ms US tone burst was focused on a crayfish motor axon, it stochastically triggered either depolarization or a spike train. The depolarization was up to 60 mV in amplitude and 200 s in duration and therefore could significantly influence neuronal activity. Depolarization was still evoked by US burst in the presence of Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers and had a reversal potential of −8.4 ± 2.3 mV, suggesting a nonselective permeability. US can be applied noninvasively in the form of a focused beam to deep brain areas through the skull and has been shown to modulate brain activity. Understanding the depolarization reported here should be helpful for improving the use of US for noninvasive modulation and stimulation in brain-related disease.
Effects of Oncogenic Gαq and Gα11 Inhibition by FR900359 in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Lapadula Dominic , Farias Eduardo , Randolph Clinita E. , Purwin Timothy J. , McGrath Dougan , Charpentier Thomas H. , Zhang Lihong , Wu Shihua , Terai Mizue , Sato Takami , Tall Gregory G. , Zhou Naiming , Wedegaertner Philip B. , Aplin Andrew E. , Aguirre-Ghiso Julio , Benovic Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in adults and often metastasizes to the liver, leaving patients with few options. Recurrent activating mutations in the G proteins, Gαq and Gα11, are observed in approximately 93% of all uveal melanomas. Although therapeutic intervention of downstream Gαq/11 targets has been unsuccessful in treating uveal melanoma, we have found that the Gαq/11 inhibitor, FR900359 (FR), effectively inhibits oncogenic Gαq/11 signaling in uveal melanoma cells expressing either mutant Gαq or Gα11. Inhibition of oncogenic Gαq/11 by FR results in cell-cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, colony formation is prevented by FR treatment of uveal melanoma cells in 3D-cell culture, providing promise for future in vivo studies. This suggests direct inhibition of activating Gαq/11 mutants may be a potential means of treating uveal melanoma.

Implications:
Oncogenic Gαq/11 inhibition by FR900359 may be a potential treatment option for those with uveal melanoma.
Blood Pressure and Risk of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in China
Authors: McGurgan Iain John , Clarke Robert , Lacey Ben , Kong Xiang Ling , Chen Zhengming , Chen Yiping , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Li Liming , Lewington Sarah ,   for the China Kadoorie Biobank Consortium
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has a high case fatality rate and young mean age at onset compared with other types of stroke, but the pathogenesis of SAH is not fully understood. We examined associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with incident nontraumatic SAH in a large prospective study in China.

Methods—
In 2004 to 2008, 512 891 adults (59% women) from the general population were recruited into the CKB study (China Kadoorie Biobank). Participants were interviewed, measured, and followed up for fatal and nonfatal events. After excluding those with prior vascular disease, Cox regression analysis was used to relate blood pressure to incident SAH events. Analyses were adjusted for major confounders and corrected for regression dilution to give associations with long-term average blood pressure.

Results—
At baseline, mean age was 51 (SD, 11) years, and mean systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure was 130.6/77.6 (SD, 21.0/11.1) mm Hg. During 3.5 million person-years of follow-up, there were 553 incident SAH cases (mean age at event, 61 [SD, 11] years), yielding an overall annual incidence rate of 12.9 per 100 000. Higher average levels of blood pressure were linearly and positively associated with higher risks of incident SAH: a 10 mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure and a 5 mm Hg higher diastolic blood pressure were associated with hazard ratios for SAH of 1.21 (95% CI, 1.13–1.29) and 1.20 (95% CI, 1.12–1.28), respectively. There was no evidence that the hazard ratios varied by age or sex or by levels of other vascular risk factors. Elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, >120 mm Hg) accounted for 23% of all SAH cases.

Conclusions—
The incidence of SAH in China was comparable with estimates from Western populations. Higher levels of blood pressure were positively associated with higher risks of SAH, and elevated blood pressure accounted for about a quarter of all SAH cases.
Declining Admission and Mortality Rates for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Canada Between 2004 and 2015
Authors: Chan Vivien , Lindsay Patrice , McQuiggan Jessica , Zagorski Brandon , Hill Michael D. , O’Kelly Cian 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—
The purpose of this study was to assess recent trends in the admission and mortality rates for subarachnoid hemorrhage in Canada.

Methods—
This retrospective cross-sectional study was based on data retrieved from the Canadian Institute for Health Information for all patients diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage in Canada between 2004 and 2015. Adjusted admission rate, in-hospital mortality rates, and discharge disposition were calculated.

Results—
A total of 19 765  patients were diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2004 and 2015. The mean age was 58.1 years, and 40.3% were men. The annual hospitalization rate was 6.34 per 100 000 person-years, declining by −0.67% annually. In-hospital mortality rate was 21.5%.

Conclusions—
The Canadian subarachnoid hemorrhage admission and mortality rates are lower than previously reported, with a declining trend.
Community-based participatory approach to identify factors affecting diet following migration from Africa: The Hawaash study
Authors: Anderson Cheryl AM , Murray Kate E , Abdi Sahra , Hurst Samantha , Sheik-Mohamed Amina , Begud Bethlehem , Marcus Bess , Nebeker Camille , Sanchez-Flack Jennifer C , Bolling Khalisa 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: African women who migrate to the USA have a rich tradition of using herbs and spices to promote health. We conducted formative research on nutritional practices among East and North African women in the USA, focusing on whether traditional herbs and spices could support adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Methods: In all, 48 adult African women living in San Diego, California participated in focus groups in July 2015. Inclusion criteria were 18 years or older, and able to answer focus group questions in one of five languages: Somali, Arabic, Amharic, Swahili or English. Results: Participants identified 62 unique spices and herbs that are traditionally used in meal preparation for flavour and health benefits. Participants also reported awareness that nutrients, foods, food groups and approaches to growing and preparing foods are important considerations for healthy diet. Barriers to healthy eating included costs, constraints around growing food in a different soil and climate than Africa, family size and the widespread availability of fast food. Groups identified opportunities for collaborations with researchers through educational programmes, and recommended seed and recipe exchanges that promote healthy eating across culturally heterogeneous African communities. Conclusion: A culturally informed behavioural intervention focused on spices and herbs would be feasible and accepted by African women in San Diego. This intervention may support adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans during the nutrition transition and broader dissemination of practices that promote health across heterogeneous communities of Africans living in the USA.
Serotonin actions within the prelimbic cortex induce anxiolysis mediated by serotonin 1a receptors
Authors: Yamashita Paula SM , Rosa Daiane S , Lowry Christopher A , Zangrossi Helio 
Published: December 2018

Background: Serotonin plays an important role in the regulation of anxiety, acting through complex modulatory mechanisms within distinct brain structures. Serotonin can act through complex negative feedback mechanisms controlling the neuronal activity of serotonergic circuits and downstream physiologic and behavioral responses. Administration of serotonin or the serotonin 1A receptor agonist, (±)-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), into the prefrontal cortex, inhibits anxiety-like responses. The prelimbic area of the prefrontal cortex regulates serotonergic neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus and is involved in modulating anxiety-like behavioral responses. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the serotonergic role within the prelimbic area on anxiety- and panic-related defensive behavioral responses. Methods: We investigated the effects of serotonin within the prelimbic area on inhibitory avoidance and escape behaviors in the elevated T-maze. We also extended the investigation to serotonin 1A, 2A, and 2C receptors. Results: Intra-prelimbic area injection of serotonin or 8-OH-DPAT induced anxiolytic effects without affecting escape behaviors. Previous administration of the serotonin 1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100635, into the prelimbic area counteracted the anxiolytic effects of serotonin. Neither the serotonin 2A nor the serotonin 2C receptor preferential agonists, (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) and 6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl) pyrazine (MK-212), respectively, affected behavioral responses in the elevated T-maze. Conclusion: Facilitation of serotonergic signaling within the prelimbic area of rats induced an anxiolytic effect in the elevated T-maze test, which was mediated by local serotonin 1A receptors. This inhibition of anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses may be mediated by prelimbic area projections to neural systems controlling anxiety, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus or basolateral amygdala.
Crossing the “Ascent to Competence” Borders Into Privileged Belongingness Space: Practical Nursing Students’ Experiences in Clinical Practice
Authors: Manokore Viola , Rosalia Genelie Ivana , Ali Fauziya , Letersky Sarah , Piadu Ivy Owusu , Palmer-Virgo Lola 
Published: December 2018

Background There is substantial evidence that students’ sense of belonging in clinical practice influence their motivation, learning, and acquisition of skills. Despite the importance of belongingness in clinical education, not many studies have been done in the Canadian context in general and practical nurse education in particular. Purpose The main objective of this study was to explore practical nursing students’ experiences in clinical education with regard to their sense of belongingness. In addition, we also examined clinical instructors’ experiences in fostering a sense of belongingness to students in clinical settings. Methods Ascent to competence conceptual framework was used as an analytic lens in this study. Students enrolled in a two-year diploma in practical nursing and their instructors participated in the study. A total of 12 students and 4 clinical instructors participated in the in-depth semistructured one-on-one interviews. Inductive and deductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Deductive analysis used predetermined themes as per ascent to competence framework. Inductive thematic analysis allowed us to provide additional themes on concepts that could not be effectively explained by the predetermined themes. Results Students described the uniqueness of their instructors and clinical sites as important attributes that enable them to cross various “borders” as they gain access to a “belongingness space” of acceptance, respect, and competency. Productive learning experiences were achieved by students who felt supported and “granted permission” to enter the belongingness space. The instructors highlighted their perceived roles in providing scaffolding supports they thought would help students feel a sense of belonging. Conclusions Students cross several borders as they persevere to gain access to the revered belongingness space. Clinical instructors play a major role in assisting students to enter the belongingness space where meaningful learning occurs.
Systematically Observed Movement Integration in a Low Socioeconomic School District: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study
Authors: Stewart Gregory , Webster Collin A. , Brian Ali , Stodden David , Egan Cate A. , Weaver R. Glenn 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To describe teacher’s integration of activity into general education classroom time (ie, movement integration—MI). Design: Cross-sectional, observational. Setting: Eight elementary schools in a rural, low-income school district. Participants: Elementary classroom teachers (N = 48). Measure: Classroom teachers were observed using the System for Observing Student Movement in Academic Routines and Transitions (SOSMART) on random, unannounced days during the 2015-16 academic year. Analysis: Descriptive statistics were calculated for the frequency and types of MI being used. Results: Of the 9398 SOSMART scans completed, students engaged in movement in 41.3% of the scans. Student movement was observed to be teacher directed in 14.4% and nonteacher directed in 26.9% of scans. Nonteacher-directed movement consisted mostly of transitions ( M = 99.5%) in which movement occurred as a result of preestablished classroom rules, protocols, and organization. Conclusion: This is one of the first studies to provide objective information about MI. These descriptive data lay the groundwork for future correlational and experimental research that can lead to the development of effective intervention design to increase MI use in schools.
Glaucoma in children with facial port wine stain
Authors: Bayoumi Nader Hussein Lotfy , Elsayed Eman Nabil 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To report on the clinical presentation and surgical treatment (procedure and outcome(s)) of glaucoma in children with facial port wine stain. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective chart review of children with facial port wine stain referred to Alexandria University paediatric ophthalmology practice from 2005 to 2016. The charts of 22 children (44 eyes) with facial port wine stain were reviewed. The data extracted included demographics, results of ophthalmic examination findings and treatment(s). The main outcome measures were the number of eyes stratified as glaucoma, glaucoma suspects and no glaucoma at the initial and final presentations. Results: The average age of presentation was 18.2 (±33.9) months. After a follow-up of over 16.1 (±24.8) months, there were 34%, 30% and 36% of the study eyes diagnosed as glaucoma, glaucoma suspects and no glaucoma, respectively with mean ± standard deviation of intraocular pressure of 20.6 ± 5.1, 13.6 ± 5.4 and 7.5 ± 1.7 mmHg. The majority (91%) of eyes presenting with glaucoma had clear corneas. In total, 11 eyes were operated upon for glaucoma. The recorded success rate was 91%. Two eyes developed a postoperative exudative choroidal detachment, of which one resolved spontaneously and the other was successfully managed by intravitreal gas injection. Conclusion: Glaucoma is a significant ocular hazard in children with facial port wine stain that may not be evident on the initial presentation. The presentation is usually with a clear cornea and surgical intervention is associated with a high success rate and a low rate of complications.
Feasibility and Safety of Reverse Catheterization Technique of the Superficial Femoral Artery in Single-Stage Endovascular Treatment of Bilateral Infrainguinal Diseases
Authors: Kadoya Yoshito , Zen Kan , Kato Taku , Wada Naotoshi , Wakana Noriyuki , Yanishi Kenji , Nakanishi Naohiko , Nakamura Takeshi , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: We evaluated the feasibility and safety of the reverse catheterization technique of the superficial femoral artery (ReCAT) for single-stage endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with bilateral infrainguinal diseases. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 24 consecutive patients (overall median age: 79 years; male patients: 21 [87.5%]) who underwent EVT for bilateral infrainguinal diseases. The objective of ReCAT was to perform single-stage EVT in patients with bilateral infrainguinal diseases with a one-time unilateral femoral artery puncture. The main outcomes were the incidence of puncture site complications, including major bleeding or hematoma requiring transfusion, pseudoaneurysm, and arteriovenous fistula, and ReCAT procedure-related arterial dissection or perforation, which were assessed by ultrasonography on the day after the procedure. The secondary outcome measures were in-hospital mortality and in-hospital amputation. Results: Reverse catheterization technique of the superficial femoral artery was successful in 23 (95.8%) of the 24 patients; it failed in 1 patient due to severe calcification and a previously implanted stent in the ipsilateral iliac artery. The median operation time, radiation time, and the volume of contrast media used were 108 (84-142) minutes, 37 (27-55) minutes, and 111 (80-157) mL, respectively. There were no incidences of puncture site complications and arterial dissection related to the ReCAT procedure. One case of vessel perforation in a branch of the ipsilateral superficial femoral artery occurred due to flipped guidewire injury. Conclusion: Reverse catheterization technique of the superficial femoral artery is safe and effective in performing single-stage EVT for bilateral infrainguinal diseases. It might also reduce the number of EVTs and complications due to multiple femoral artery punctures.
Institutional Factors Contribute to Variation in Intubation Rates in Status Epilepticus
Authors: Guterman Elan L. , Burke James F. , Josephson S. Andrew , Betjemann John P. 
Published: December 2018

Background: To explore intubation rates among patients with status epilepticus (SE) and the degree of institutional variation. Methods: Serial cross-sectional study of SE-related hospitalizations from 2004 to 2013 using data from the National Inpatient Sample. The primary outcome was intubation of patients with SE. Multivariable models identified predictors of intubation, institutional variation in intubation rates, and the proportion of variance attributable to individual hospitals. This analysis was repeated using data from 5 states in the State Inpatient Databases (SID). Results: There were 119 337 SE hospitalizations. The overall intubation rate was 32.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.2%-33.3%). There was marked variation in estimated intubation rates, ranging from 2% to 80% in the lowest and highest quintile after adjustment. There was somewhat less variability in the SID cohort where quintiles ranged from 10% to 54%. Those undergoing intubation were more often men and presenting with stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, central nervous system infection, hyponatremia, and alcohol withdrawal. Urban location (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8, 95% CI: 2.7-5.5) and hospitalization at a teaching institution (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.2-12.6) were even stronger predictors of intubation after adjustment for clinical factors. A regression including both patient- and hospital-level variables to predict intubation also performed better than a regression including patient factors alone (C statistic 0.81 vs 0.59, respectively). Conclusions: There is considerable institutional variation in intubation rates for SE independent of patient characteristics suggesting that decisions around intubation rest heavily on where one is hospitalized. Further work is needed to clarify how this variation influences outcomes.