bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation of Unsaturated Oleochemicals
Authors: Cousin Kévin , Hapiot Frédéric , Monflier Eric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRhodium‐catalyzed hydroaminomethylation (HAM) is recently described as an innovative way to functionalize triglycerides. In the search to reduce production costs, rhodium is sought to be replaced by ruthenium whose price is currently more than 20 times lower. In this study, HAM of unsaturated oleochemicals using ruthenium precursors is proceeded under phosphine‐free conditions. The experimental conditions are optimized by changing the nature of the solvent, the reaction temperature, and the CO/H2 pressure. While rhodium leads to good catalytic activity and low chemoselectivity (mixture of hydroxyl and amino groups), ruthenium proves to be less active but more chemoselective as amino‐substituted products are mainly formed. Of interest, HAM of methyl 10‐undecenoate (MU) occurs in a highly chemo‐ and regioselective fashion using acetonitrile as solvent.Practical Applications: Selective Ru‐catalyzed hydroaminomethylation can be implemented on an industrial scale for the conversion of unsaturated oleochemicals into amines. This finding is of importance as the obtained amino‐products can be used in many industrial areas such as surfactants, polymers, or lubricants.
Development of a body fluid identification multiplex via DNA methylation analysis
Authors: Gauthier Quentin T. , Cho Sohee , Carmel Justin H. , McCord Bruce R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study is to develop an epigenetic multiplex for body fluid identification based on tissue specific DNA methylation. A series of genetic loci capable of discerning the origin of DNA as coming from saliva, blood, vaginal epithelia, or semen were used for this application. The markers – BCAS4, CG06379435, VE_8, and ZC3H12D – were amplified together and then sequenced via pyrosequencing. Methylation values for cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites at each locus were then measured across the four markers. In total, 124 samples were collected, and bisulfite modified to convert unmethylated DNA to uracil. This converted DNA was then amplified via multiplex PCR with reverse primers containing a biotin molecule. Biotinylated PCR products were then analyzed using pyrosequencing to generate a series of pyrograms containing 18 CpG sites. The percent methylation at each CpG site was determined, and then agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was used to create a model to indicate sample origin. Further analysis reduced the number of CpG sites required for optimal determination of body fluid type to five. This study demonstrates an efficient multiplexed body fluid identification process utilizing DNA methylation that can be easily implemented in forensic laboratories.
Experimental study on insulative properties of intumescent coating exposed to standard and nonstandard furnace curves
Authors: Wang Lingling , Chen Bowen , Zhang Chao , Li Guoqiang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper reports the results of an experimental study on two types of intumescent coating exposed to the ISO834 standard fire and three nonstandard fire curves. The nonstandard fires were all less severe than the standard fire. A total of 72 intumescent coating protected steel specimens were tested. The expanded thickness of intumescent char was measured, and the pore feature was observed. Constant thermal conductivity for each specimen was calculated based on the measured steel plate temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test was carried out, and the results show that more gas is trapped within the coating due to better matching of thermal behaviour between gas evolution and polymer viscosity as the rate of heating increases. The constant effective thermal conductivities for the intumescent coating under the nonstandard fires were 65% (type‐W) and 35% (type‐S) higher than that under the standard fire, which resulted in an overestimation of the coating failure time up to 15 and 11 minutes, respectively. Therefore, it is sometimes insecure to use results from standard fire tests guiding the design of coating thickness for steel elements under nonstandard fire conditions.
Integration of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with an Organic Rankine Cycle and Absorption Chiller for Dynamic Generation of Power and Cooling for a Residential Application
Authors: Asghari M. , Brouwer J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe high temperature exhaust heat from a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) can be captured and used as the primary thermal energy source for bottoming cycles. In this study, the waste heat from a fuel cell is captured and processed either through an organic Rankin cycle (ORC) to provide extra power or an absorption chiller (AC) to provide cooling for meeting the dynamic cooling demands of a residence/community. A spatially resolved dynamic model was developed in Simulink to study dynamic characteristics of an SOFC system. Also, a dynamic model was developed for the ORC and AC to study the dynamic characteristics and performance of the integrated system. This model was then used to evaluate the efficiency, capacity, and dispatchability of the system, based upon meeting measured load profiles of residential buildings. Dynamic data from a residential complex were used as an input to evaluate the dynamic system model. The SOFC was capable of following the highly dynamic load with an average electrical efficiency of 46%. An average of 7% more power was produced through the ORC cycle with an average efficiency of 10%. The AC generated an average 125 kW of cooling with an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.08.
Cognitive mediation in people with dementia: Development, structural, and construct validity of the first dementia‐specific measure
Authors: Stott Joshua , Cadman Tim , Scior Katrina , Brede Janina , Chadwick Eleanor , Charlesworth Georgina 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesAnxiety and depression are common and deleterious comorbidities in people living with dementia (PLWD). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is one of the few promising treatments; however, it is unclear whether PLWD have the necessary prerequisites to engage in this. Having an understanding of cognitive mediation, that a thought mediates the relationship between an antecedent event and its emotional consequence, is key for engaging with CBT and is also a critical component of emotion regulation. There are no measures of this construct validated for PLWD. This study aims to adapt and validate an existing measure for this population. A secondary aim is to assess its applicability in older adults (OA) without a recognised neurocognitive impairment.MethodsA measure of cognitive mediation was adapted via expert and service user consultation for use in PLWD. A total of 102 PLWD and 77 OA without neurocognitive impairments completed the adapted measure along with two measures of emotion recognition and reasoning. Factor structure was examined separately in both samples, and the measure reduced, with convergent validity assessed.ResultsA final measure of 10 items (named the CM‐Dem) was subject to factor analysis yielding a single factor solution. The measure showed good psychometric properties in PLWD, including good model fit, high internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability, and moderate convergent validity with related constructs. In contrast, poor validity was found in OA, especially a lack of convergent validity.ConclusionsThe CM‐Dem has clinical and research utility as a measure of cognitive mediation in PLWD, but less so in OA.
Neighbourhood ethnic diversity and mental health in Australia
Authors: Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Farrell Lisa , Smyth Russell 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWe present the first study that empirically examines the effects of neighbourhood ethnic diversity on mental health. Using 16 waves of longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, we find that ethnic diversity is negatively associated with mental health. Our preferred estimates, using lagged ethnic diversity at the state level to instrument for neighbourhood ethnic diversity, suggest that a standard deviation increase in ethnic diversity is associated with a decline of 0.092–0.129 standard deviations in mental health. This result is robust to alternative estimation approaches to addressing endogeneity of ethnic diversity and alternative ways of measuring ethnic diversity and irrespective of whether mental health is measured with the Mental Health Inventory scale or the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). We further find that ethnic diversity influences mental health through the level of neighbourhood trust. Our findings point to the need to develop policies that promote social inclusion in multicultural societies and build trust between heterogeneous ethnic groups as a vehicle to improve mental health.
Abortion among adolescents in Africa: A review of practices, consequences, and control strategies
Authors: Atuhaire Shallon 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundDeveloping countries register 98% of unsafe abortion annually, 41% of which occur among women aged between 15 and 25 years. Additionally, 70% of hospitalizations due to unsafe abortion are among girls below 20 years of age.PurposeThis study unveils abortion practices in Africa, its consequences, and control strategies among adolescents.MethodsOnline databases that provided relevant information on the topic were searched. A Google Scholar search yielded 623 000 results, PubMed yielded 1134 results, African Journals Online yielded 110 results, and PsycINFO yielded eight results. A total of 25 studies published from 2000 to 2018 that met the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) standard were thematically reviewed.FindingsThese studies indicated that abortion is a neglected problem in health care in developing countries, and yet decreasingly safe abortion practices dominate those settings. Adolescents who have unintended pregnancies may resort to unsafe abortion practices due to socio‐economic factors and the cultural implications of being pregnant before marriage and the legal status of abortion. Adolescents clandestinely use self‐prescribed drugs or beverages, insert sharps in the genitals, and most often consult traditional service providers. Abortion results in morbidities such as sepsis, severe anaemia, disabilities, and, in some instances, infertility and death. Such events can be controlled by the widening availability of and accessibility to contraceptives among adolescents, advocacy, and comprehensive sexuality education and counselling.ConclusionAdolescents are more likely to use clandestine methods of abortion whose consequences are devastating, lifelong, or even fatal. Awareness and utilization of youth‐friendly services would minimize the problem.
I am therefore I own: Implications of organization‐based identity for employee stock ownership
Authors: Paterson Ted A. , Welbourne Theresa M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost research on employee stock plan participation investigates the effects of such forms of ownership on employee attitudes, leaving our understanding of the individual differences that contribute to employee ownership largely unknown. Drawing from the consumer behavior literature, our study explores the effect of organization‐based identity on the decision to participate in an employee stock purchase plan. The study was conducted in a newly public firm where we examine the effect of organization‐based identity on the purchase decision in two time periods. The first point in time was the initial public offering (IPO), when the employee has little information on how the firm's stock will perform in the market. The second point in time was the first quarter following the IPO, when employees have market data to help them with decision‐making. Results indicate that, as predicted, organization‐based identity is associated with participation in an employee stock purchase plan, at both points in time, above and beyond the influence of several economic and psychological predictors reported in prior studies.
Dieckol inhibits non‐small–cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Chun‐Hong , Li Xiao‐Feng , Jin Li‐Fang , Zhao Yan , Zhu Geng‐Jun , Shen Wei‐Zhang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNon‐small–cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent type of lung cancers with an increased mortality rate in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Dieckol is one such polyphenolic drug extracted from brown algae which has proven antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer property of dieckol against NSCLC cell line A549. The LC50 value of dieckol was found to be 25 µg/mL by performing 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the antiapoptotic property of dieckol was analyzed by dual staining technique with acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) stains. It was further confirmed with flow cytometry analysis with Annexin FITC and JC‐1 staining and the anti‐invasive property was assessed by Transwell assay. The molecular mechanism of dieckol anticancer activity was confirmed by estimating the levels of caspases and by estimating the signaling proteins of Pi3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using the immunoblotting technique. Our data suggest that dieckol is potent anticancer agent, it effectively inhibits the invasive and migratory property A549 cells and it also induces apoptosis via inhibiting Pi3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, activating the tumor suppressor protein E‐cadherin signifying that dieckol is potent natural anticancer drug to treat NSCLC.
A critical look on CRISPR‐based genome editing in plants
Authors: Ahmad Niaz , Rahman Mehboob‐ur , Mukhtar Zahid , Zafar Yusuf , Zhang Baohong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based genome editing, derived from prokaryotic immunity system, is rapidly emerging as an alternative platform for introducing targeted alterations in genomes. The CRISPR‐based tools have been deployed for several other applications including gene expression studies, detection of mutation patterns in genomes, epigenetic regulation, chromatin imaging, etc. Unlike the traditional genetic engineering approaches, it is simple, cost‐effective, and highly specific in inducing genetic variations. Despite its popularity, the technology has limitations such as off‐targets, low mutagenesis efficiency, and its dependency on in‐vitro regeneration protocols for the recovery of stable plant lines. Several other issues such as persisted CRISPR activity in subsequent generations, the potential for transferring to its wild type population, the risk of reversion of edited version to its original phenotype particularly in cross‐pollinated plant species when released into the environment and the scarcity of validated targets have been overlooked. This article briefly highlights these undermined aspects, which may challenge the wider applications of this platform for improving crop genetics.
The (not very) typical protonymphons of Pycnogonum litorale
Authors: Alexeeva Nina , Tamberg Yuta , Shunatova Natalia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSea spiders are unique and poorly known marine chelicerates. Their larvae are even less studied, especially at the ultrastructural level. Here, we examined the hatchlings of Pycnogonum litorale (Strøm, 1,762) using histology, SEM and TEM. Existing classifications place these larvae among “typical” protonymphons, together with Nymphon brevirostre. Our results, however, revealed major differences between the two species. Hatchlings of P. litorale are endotrophic for 1–2 weeks, with yolk deposits in the body wall and a reduced secretory apparatus. They lack a body cavity, demonstrate an unusual modification of the midgut sheath cells and a complex subesophageal ganglion, which includes neuromeres of the prospective walking legs 1. These larvae also possess well‐developed glia and complex sensory structures: eyes, V‐shaped mechanoreceptive bristles, integrated chemo‐ and mechanoreceptors, and three types of concealed mechanoreceptors embedded into the body wall and only seen on the sections. In this paper we also propose a new interpretation of the pycnogonid larval types: we present a set of traits useful for diagnosis and a preliminary classification. Finally, we discuss the complexity of glial types in sea spiders and other arthropods.
Improving the adoption of an electronic clinical decision support tool and evaluating its effect on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis prescribing at a Sydney tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: Soo Garry C. , Wong Doo Nicole C. , Burrows Judith , Ritchie Angus , Zhang Jan , Burke Rosemary 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn electronic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis clinical decision support (CDS) tool was implemented in an electronic medication management system at an Australian tertiary teaching hospital. The VTE CDS had not been clinically validated nor widely adopted.AimThis study evaluated the effectiveness of the VTE CDS for improving risk‐appropriate prescribing of VTE prophylaxis, a peer‐to‐peer strategy for improving adoption of the VTE CDS and the effects of the strategy on VTE risk assessment documentation, risk‐appropriate prophylaxis prescribing rate and user acceptability of the VTE CDS.MethodsNominated junior medical officers were trained to educate and promote the use of the VTE CDS to target colleagues over 6 weeks. Pre‐ and postintervention audits of VTE risk assessment and prophylaxis prescribing were conducted. A user acceptance survey was distributed.ResultsAnalysis of pre‐ and postintervention audit data (n = 198 for each) revealed no significant differences in rates of VTE CDS adoption or risk‐appropriate VTE prophylaxis prescribed. More patients had risk‐appropriate prophylaxis prescribed when the VTE CDS was used (90%; 63/70) than when it was not used (71.5% (233/326); p = 0.001). Documented evidence of VTE risk assessment increased significantly from 51.5% (102/198) to 68.2% (135/198) following the intervention (p < 0.001). Most survey responses were favourable towards VTE CDS usability despite limitations.ConclusionPeer‐to‐peer promotion was unsuccessful in improving VTE CDS adoption in this study. Findings suggest VTE CDS use is associated with more appropriate VTE prophylaxis prescribing decisions and may improve risk assessment documentation. Future studies should examine strategies to sustainably improve adoption of VTE CDS and patient outcomes.
Hospice utilization among Medicare beneficiaries dying from pancreatic cancer
Authors: Paredes Anghela Z. , Hyer J. Madison , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Mehta Rittal , Sahara Kota , White Susan , Dillhoff Mary E. , Ejaz Aslam , Cloyd Jordan M. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundUse of hospice services among patients with pancreatic cancer following pancreatic resection remains unknown.MethodsPatients with pancreatic cancer who underwent resection were identified in the Medicare Standard Analytic Files. Outcomes included overall hospice use, early hospice enrollment (≥4 weeks before death), late hospice enrollment (initiation within 3 days of death), and Medicare expenditures.ResultsAmong the 4369 deceased individuals, three‐fourths of patients (n = 3252, 74.4%) used hospice at the time of death. Patients who did not use hospice were more likely to be male, have a complication on index admission and receive life sustaining treatments on subsequent admissions (P < .05). Only one‐third (32.2%) of patients initiated hospice services early. Medicare expenditure during the last month of life was $10 000 lower among patients who initialized hospice services at least 1 month before death versus within 3 days of death (late: $10 581 [$5454‐$17 200], early: $221 [$46‐$733]; P < .001)ConclusionWhile three‐fourths of patients utilized hospice services after pancreatic resection, only one‐third of patients initiated hospice services at least one‐month before death. Late hospice use was associated with higher Medicare expenditures during the last month of life. Further research is needed to understand barriers to early hospice utilization.
Gender as Potential Moderator of Associations Among Trauma Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms in Young Adults
Authors: Bremer‐Landau Jodi D. , Caskie Grace I. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTraumatic events (TEs), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms can significantly impair functioning, yet little is known about whether associations among these variables differ between men and women within young adult samples. The current study conducted a path analysis of archival, longitudinal data from the Drug Use Trajectories: Ethnic/Racial Comparisons 1998–2002 (DUT) study (Turner, 2011) to examine gender differences as a possible moderator of the relations between TEs, PTSD symptoms, and AUD symptoms among 1,076 young adults (aged 18–23 years) residing in South Florida. The sample included 580 male (53.9%) and 496 female (46.1%) participants, whose ethnicity was self‐reported as African American (n = 280, 26.0%), non‐Hispanic White (n = 268, 24.9%), other Hispanic (n = 267, 24.8%), and Cuban (n = 261, 24.3%). Significant positive associations were found between TEs and PTSD symptoms, βs = .08–.30; PTSD and AUD symptoms, βs = .09 – .10; PTSD symptoms over time, β = .52; and AUD symptoms over time, β = .46. In addition, for male but not female participants, a higher frequency of PTSD symptoms at Wave I was related to more AUD symptoms at Wave II, β = .09. Findings build upon existing research to further elucidate the role of gender as a potential moderator of the associations among TEs, PTSD symptoms, and AUD symptoms for young adults and provide important implications for future research and clinical practice, including informing mental health prevention and treatment efforts.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Outcomes for Patients Outside the U.S. FDA Recommendations
Authors: Sarber Kathleen M. , Chang Katherine W. , Ishman Stacey L. , Epperson Madison V. , Dhanda Patil Reena 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) is currently approved for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of >15 to ≤65 events/hour, and a central apnea index (CAI) <25% of the AHI, no complete concentric collapse on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy, and a recommended body mass index (BMI) <32 kg/m2. We present 18 patients implanted as a salvage procedure despite being outside these guidelines.MethodsWe included all patients who underwent HGNS but who did not meet all FDA guidelines. Demographic data, previous OSA treatments, polysomnographic (PSG) parameters from baseline and HGNS titration PSG, Epworth sleepiness score (ESS), and BMI were compared before and after surgery.ResultsEighteen patients were identified: 94.4% male, median age 63 years. Seven underwent previous sleep surgery. Four had an AHI <15 (mean 10.5 events/hour), four had an AHI >65 (mean 86.9 events/hour), two had an elevated CAI (mean 31.3% of AHI), and 12 had a BMI >32 kg/m2 (range 32.1–39.1). Median AHI decreased from 25.3 to 3.75 events/hour on titration polysomnography (P = .0006), oxyhemoglobin saturation nadir increased from 82% to 88.5% (P = .0001) and median ESS dropped from 11 to 7.5 (P = .0016). Fifteen (83.3%) patients achieved surgical success (decrease in AHI >50% and AHI <20 events/hour) and 12 (66.7%) had an AHI <5 events/hour. Neither patient with CAI >25% was successfully treated. Median adherence = 33.5 hours/week.ConclusionOur success rate for patients outside the Food and Drug Administration guidelines for HGNS (67%) was similar to the 1‐year STAR trial results (66%). Future studies are necessary to consider expansion of these guidelines.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:866–872, 2020