bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overlapping dimensional phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity explain co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors
Authors: Tiego Jeggan , Oostermeijer Sanne , Prochazkova Luisa , Parkes Linden , Dawson Andrew , Youssef George , Oldenhof Erin , Carter Adrian , Segrave Rebecca A. , Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Yücel Murat 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveImpulsivity and compulsivity have been implicated as important transdiagnostic dimensional phenotypes with potential relevance to addiction. We aimed to develop a model that conceptualizes these constructs as overlapping dimensional phenotypes and test whether different components of this model explain the co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors.MethodsA large sample of adults (N= 487) was recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and completed self-report questionnaires measuring impulsivity, intolerance of uncertainty, obsessive beliefs, and the severity of 6 addictive and related behaviors. Hierarchical clustering was used to organize addictive behaviors into homogenous groups reflecting their co-occurrence. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate fit of the hypothesized bifactor model of impulsivity and compulsivity and determine the proportion of variance explained in the co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors by each component of the model.ResultsAddictive and related behaviors clustered into 2 distinct groups: Impulse-Control Problems, consisting of harmful alcohol use, pathological gambling, and compulsive buying, and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Problems, consisting of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, binge eating, and internet addiction. The hypothesized bifactor model of impulsivity and compulsivity provided the best empirical fit, with 3 uncorrelated factors corresponding to a general Disinhibition dimension, and specific Impulsivity and Compulsivity dimensions. These dimensional phenotypes uniquely and additively explained 39.9% and 68.7% of the total variance in Impulse-Control Problems and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Problems.ConclusionA model of impulsivity and compulsivity that represents these constructs as overlapping dimensional phenotypes has important implications for understanding addictive and related behaviors in terms of shared etiology, comorbidity, and potential transdiagnostic treatments.
Cognitive Indicators of Preclinical Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia in MAPT Carriers
Authors: Cheran Gayathri , Wu Liwen , Lee Seonjoo , Manoochehri Masood , Cines Sarah , Fallon Emer , Lynch Timothy , Heidebrink Judith , Paulson Henry , Goldman Jill , Huey Edward , Cosentino Stephanie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectives: The cognitive indicators of preclinical behavioral variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) have not been identified. To investigate these indicators, we compared cross-sectional performance on a range of cognitive measures in 12 carriers of pathogenic MAPT mutations not meeting diagnostic criteria for bvFTD (i.e., preclinical) versus 32 demographically-matched familial non-carriers (n = 44). Studying preclinical carriers offers a rare glimpse into emergent disease, environmentally and genetically contextualized through comparison to familial controls. Methods: Evaluating personnel blinded to carrier status administered a standardized neuropsychological battery assessing attention, speed, executive function, language, memory, spatial ability, and social cognition. Results from mixed effect modeling were corrected for multiplicity of comparison by the false discovery rate method, and results were considered significant at p < .05. To control for potential interfamilial variation arising from enrollment of six families, family was treated as a random effect, while carrier status, age, gender, and education were treated as fixed effects. Results: Group differences were detected in 17 of 31 cognitive scores and spanned all domains except spatial ability. As hypothesized, carriers performed worse on specific measures of executive function, and social cognition, but also on measures of attention, speed, semantic processing, and memory storage and retrieval. Conclusions: Most notably, group differences arose on measures of memory storage, challenging long-standing ideas about the absence of amnestic features on neuropsychological testing in early bvFTD. Current findings provide important and clinically relevant information about specific measures that may be sensitive to early bvFTD, and advance understanding of neurocognitive changes that occur early in the disease. (JINS, 2019, 25, 184–194)
Kant’s Contextualism
Authors: Flikschuh Katrin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article builds on David Velleman’s recent work on moral relativism to argue that Kant’s account of moral judgement is best read in a contextualist manner. More specifically, I argue that while for Kant the form of moral judgement is invariant, substantive moral judgements are nonetheless context-dependent. The same form of moral willing can give rise to divergent substantive judgements. To some limited extent, Kantian contextualism is a development out of Rawlsian constructivism. Yet while for constructivists the primary concern is with the derivation of generally valid principles of morality, Velleman’s Kant-inspired form of moral relativism demonstrates the indispensability to a Kantian approach of indexical reasons for action. I argue in turn that Velleman’s focus on the indexical nature of reasons for action must be supplemented by an account of agential reflexivity. The latter divides Kantian contextualism from Kantian relativism.
Principles of Justice, Primary Goods and Categories of Right: Rawls and Kant
Authors: Guyer Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractJohn Rawls based his theory of justice, in the work of that name, on a ‘Kantian interpretation’ of the status of human beings as ‘free and equal’ persons. In his subsequent, ‘political rather than metaphysical’ expositions of his theory, the conception of citizens of democracies as ‘free and equal’ persons retained its foundational role. But Rawls appealed only to Kant’s moral philosophy, never to Kant’s own political philosophy as expounded in his 1797 Doctrine of Right in theMetaphysics of Morals. I argue here that the structure of Kant’s political philosophy, with its categories of the innate right to freedom, private acquired right and public right, can clarify the relationship between Rawls’s two principles of justice and his scheme of basic liberties and primary goods.
Kant and Rawls on Free Speech in Autocracies
Authors: Niesen Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the works of Kant and Rawls, we find an acute sensibility to the pre-eminent importance of freedom of speech. Both authors defend free speech in democratic societies as a private and as a public entitlement, but their conceptions markedly differ when applied to non-liberal and non-democratic societies. The difference is that freedom of speech, for Kant, is a universal claim that can serve as a test of legitimacy of all legal orders, while for Rawls, some legal orders are owed full recognition even if they do not in principle guarantee freedom of speech. I explain Kant’s account of free political speech and argue that the defence of individual rights should be seen as its core feature, both in republican and in autocratic states. I then argue that a much-overlooked shift in Rawls’s development toPolitical Liberalismlikewise ties his account of free speech in democratic societies to issues concerning rights and justice. In a next step, I discuss Rawls’s perspective on some non-democratic regimes in hisLaw of Peoples, regimes that he understands as well-ordered but which do not guarantee freedom of speech. I criticize Rawls’s account from Kant’s perspective and suggest to introduce a ‘module’ from Kant’s pre-republican thought into Rawls’s conception, aiming to secure a core area of rights- and justice-related speech. My claim is that under Kant’s view of autocratic legitimacy, an important extension of speech rights is called for even in non-liberal, non-democratic states, and that a Rawlsian account should and can adopt it.
Triticum polonicum L. as potential source material for the biofortification of wheat with essential micronutrients
Authors: Bieńkowska Teresa , Suchowilska Elżbieta , Kandler Wolfgang , Krska Rudolf , Wiwart Marian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe grain of modern wheat cultivars has a significantly lower mineral content, including the content of copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous, selenium and zinc. For this reason cereal breeders, are constantly searching for new genetic sources of minerals that are essential in human nutrition. Triticum polonicum, which is grown on a small scale in Spain, southern Italy, Algeria, Ethiopia and warm regions of Asia, deserves special attention in this context. The micronutrient and macronutrient content of T. polonicum versus T. durum and T. aestivum was compared in this study. Polish wheat grain was characterized by the significantly highest content of phosphorus (4.55 g/kg), sulphur (1.82 g/kg), magnesium (1.42 g/kg), zinc (49.5 mg/kg), iron (39.1 mg/kg) and boron (0.56 mg/kg) as well as a low content of aluminium (only 1.04 mg/kg). The macronutrient profile of most T. polonicum lines differed completely from that of common wheat and durum wheat. The principal component analysis supported discrimination of seven Polish wheat lines with a particularly beneficial micronutrient profile (P2, P3, P5, P7, P9, P22 and P25). These lines were characterized by the highest content of copper, iron and zinc, as well as the lowest concentrations of strontium, aluminium and barium which are undesirable in food products. The above lines can be potentially applied as source materials for breeding new wheat varieties. The results of this study indicate that Polish wheat could be used in genetic biofortification of durum wheat and common wheat.
Soil metal/metalloid concentrations in the Clyde Basin, Scotland, UK: implications for land quality
Authors: Fordyce F. M. , Everett P. A. , Bearcock J. M. , Lister T. R. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAn assessment of topsoil (5–20cm) metal/metalloid (hereafter referred to as metal) concentrations across Glasgow and the Clyde Basin reveals that copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony and zinc show the greatest enrichment in urban versus rural topsoil (elevated 1.7–2.1 times; based on median values). This is a typical indicator suite of urban pollution also found in other cities. Similarly, arsenic, cadmium and lead are elevated 3.2–4.3 times the rural background concentrations in topsoil from the former Leadhills mining area. Moorlands show typical organic-soil geochemical signatures, with significantly lower (P<0.05) concentrations of geogenic elements such as chromium, copper, nickel, molybdenum and zinc, but higher levels of cadmium, lead and selenium than most other land uses due to atmospheric deposition/trapping of these substances in peat. In farmland, 14% of nickel and 7% of zinc in topsoil samples exceed agricultural maximum admissible concentrations, and may be sensitive to sewage-sludge application. Conversely, 5% of copper, 17% of selenium and 96% of pH in farmland topsoil samples are below recommended agricultural production thresholds. Significant proportions of topsoil samples exceed the most precautionary (residential/allotment) human-exposure soil guidelines for chromium (18% urban; 10% rural), lead (76% urban; 45% rural) and vanadium (87% urban; 56% rural). For chromium, this reflects volcanic bedrock and the history of chromite ore processing in the region. However, very few soil types are likely to exceed new chromiumVI-based guidelines. The number of topsoil samples exceeding the guidelines for lead and vanadium highlight the need for further investigations and evidence to improve human soil-exposure risk assessments to better inform land contamination policy and regeneration.
Fineleaf Fescue Species and Variety Tolerance to Glyphosate
Authors: Askew Shawn D. , Askew Whitnee B. , Goatley J. Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSome fineleaf fescues have demonstrated tolerance to glyphosate, and this broad-spectrum, nonselective herbicide would be a valuable tool for controlling various weeds in low-input turf areas. A study was conducted to evaluate tolerance of 56 fineleaf fescue varieties to glyphosate applied at 0.0, 0.4, 0.6, and 1.0 kg ae ha−1. The defunct 2003 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program fineleaf fescue variety trial at the Turfgrass Research Center in Blacksburg, VA, provided main plots on which glyphosate treatments were randomized independently on May 16, 2011, and June 26, 2013. Hard (HF) and sheep fescues (SF) were the most tolerant to glyphosate, followed by strong creeping red fescues (STC) and slender creeping red fescues (SLC). The most sensitive species was Chewings fescue (CH), most varieties of which were injured 50% to 65% per kilogram of glyphosate at 2 wk after treatment (WAT). At 8 WAT, 12 of 14 CH varieties were injured over 30% per kilogram of glyphosate, but predicted injury and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of all varieties were acceptable at a more typical 0.5 to 0.7 kg ha−1glyphosate rate. Nontreated seed head density of CH varieties ranged from 87 and 126 seed heads m−2at 8 WAT compared with 2.8 to 42 seed heads m−2from HF varieties. Glyphosate at 0.15 to 0.5 kg ha−1eliminated 90% of seed heads regardless of fineleaf fescue variety. These data suggest that all fineleaf fescue varieties are inherently tolerant of glyphosate at rates at or below approximately 0.7 kg ha−1, but can be generally separated from most to least tolerant in the following order: HF, SF, STC, SLC, and CH.
Origin of Regional Barrovian Metamorphism in Hot Backarcs Prior to Orogeny Deformation
Authors: Hyndman Roy D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article presents evidence that the high temperatures responsible for much regional metamorphism, the Barrovian sequence, occurs in subduction zone backarcs prior to and not, as commonly inferred, as a consequence of heating during continental collision orogeny. This conclusion follows from the recent recognition that most current subduction zones have 200‐ to 1,000‐km wide backarcs that are uniformly hot. They have Barrovian metamorphism vertical temperature gradients that extrapolate to 800–850 °C at a 35‐km Moho, in contrast to ~450 °C for normal stable crust. This explanation overcomes several difficulties of previous explanations. Collisional crustal shortening and thickening as in Himalaya‐Tibet should reduce the vertical gradient by up to a factor of 2, so the high metamorphic temperatures, if associated with crustal shortening, require an increase in gradient of up to a factor of 4 starting from a stable cool continent. Mechanisms previously suggested for the heat, underthrusting of near‐surface radioactive heat generation, ductile/frictional heating, igneous activity, and deformation‐induced lithosphere thinning, have difficulty producing such large heating. They also are not consistent with evidence that some regional metamorphism is syntectonic or predates deformation and that a cool lithosphere is too strong to deform from plate boundary forces. I suggest that the high temperatures of regional metamorphism initiate in the hot backarc prior to deformation events. Multiple phases of metamorphism also may result from uplift during complex ongoing hot backarc deformation. In this interpretation, orogenic deformation is responsible for bringing the previously existing high‐temperature rocks to the surface, not for the metamorphism itself.
Expansion of Dust Provenance and Aridification of Asia Since ~7.2 Ma Revealed by Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Dating
Authors: Zhang Hanzhi , Lu Huayu , Stevens Thomas , Feng Han , Fu Yu , Geng Junyan , Wang Hanlin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe relative importance of global cooling and Tibetan Plateau uplift in driving the aridification of Asia during the late Cenozoic is debated, largely due to the lack of appropriate proxy indicators. Here we address this problem by investigating changes in the source of Chinese loess and Red Clay, which is directly controlled by changes in the extent and distribution of the arid zone of Asia and the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon, using zircon U‐Pb dating of 27 levels in a near‐continuous eolian sedimentary sequence in southern Chinese Loess Plateau. The results show that source regions expanded stepwise at ~7.2, ~2.6, 1.2–0.9 Ma, and at the Last Glacial Maximum. These changes were synchronous with global cooling and ice cover expansion in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that the drivers of aridification of the Asian interior were intimately related to global cooling in the late Cenozoic.
The Carr Fire Vortex: A Case of Pyrotornadogenesis?
Authors: Lareau N. P. , Nauslar N. J. , Abatzoglou J. T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRadar and satellite observations document the evolution of a destructive fire‐generated vortex during the Carr fire on 26 July 2018 near Redding, California. The National Weather Service estimated that surface wind speeds in the vortex were in excess of 64 m/s, equivalent to an EF‐3 tornado. Radar data show that the vortex formed within an antecedent region of cyclonic wind shear along the fire perimeter and immediately following rapid vertical development of the convective plume, which grew from 6 to 12 km aloft in just 15 min. The rapid plume development was linked to the release of moist instability in a pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb). As the cloud grew, the vortex intensified and ascended, eventually reaching an altitude of 5,200 m. The role of the pyroCb in concentrating near‐surface vorticity distinguishes this event from other fire‐generated vortices and suggests dynamical similarities to nonmesocyclonic tornadoes.
High‐Broadband Seismoacoustic Signature of Vulcanian Explosions at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico
Authors: Matoza Robin S. , Arciniega‐Ceballos Alejandra , Sanderson Richard W. , Mendo‐Pérez Gerardo , Rosado‐Fuentes Alejandro , Chouet Bernard A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present high‐broadband infrasound (0.01–100 Hz; 200‐Hz sample rate) observations of Vulcanian explosions at Popocatépetl volcano, Mexico. Popocatépetl is a highly active andesitic stratovolcano with regular violent explosions, making it a promising target for seismoacoustic observations. We deployed a four‐element broadband infrasound array (aperture 50 m) colocated with a compact broadband (120 s) seismometer at a site (ATLI) 15.8 km to the east‐southeast of Popocatépetl's summit. We highlight waveform examples from five powerful explosions during October to December 2017 that produced infrasound zero‐to‐peak pressure amplitudes ranging from 30 to 100 Pa at ATLI. The infrasound waveforms are highly asymmetric and are associated with clear air‐ground‐coupled arrivals on seismometers, with inverted vertical displacement waveforms tracking infrasonic pressure waveforms. Popocatépetl is close to major population centers, and array processing reveals persistent background infrasound from multiple directions, presumably of anthropogenic origin; our results have implications for infrasound monitoring at populated volcanoes.
Evaluating the Significance of the Contrail Effect on Diurnal Temperature Range Using the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption‐Related Flight Disruption
Authors: Sandhu Ajvir S. , Baldini James U. L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMeteorological data collected during the post‐9/11 flight grounding in the United States suggested that the removal of contrails increased diurnal temperature range (DTR), but subsequent research has contested this result. The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption resulted in a 97% flight cancelation rate across the UK, offering another rare opportunity to compare DTR under contrail‐free skies against those with contrails. Temperature data from 199 UK meteorological stations indicate that a +3.4 °C DTR anomaly occurred during the grounding interval across the region previously affected by the highest flight densities, substantially larger than the +1.1 °C anomaly previously observed but smaller than other DTR anomalies (up to ~ +6 °C) that were independent of the grounding. Although the observed DTR anomalies are largely attributable to weather system migration, a contribution of up to +1 °C from contrail absence appears reconcilable with both the observed time evolution in DTR during the Eyjafjallajökull grounding period and previous results.
Imaging the Moho and the Main Himalayan Thrust in Western Nepal With Receiver Functions
Authors: Subedi Shiba , Hetényi György , Vergne Jérôme , Bollinger Laurent , Lyon‐Caen Hélène , Farra Véronique , Adhikari Lok Bijaya , Gupta Ratna Mani 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe crustal structure of Western Nepal is studied for the first time by performing receiver function analysis on teleseismic waveforms recorded at 16 seismic stations. The Moho geometry is imaged as it deepens from ~40‐km depth beneath the foothills and the Lesser Himalaya to ~58‐km depth beneath the Higher Himalayan range. A midcrustal low‐velocity zone is detected at ~15‐km depth along ~55‐km horizontal distance and is interpreted as the signature of fluids expelled from rocks descending in the footwall of the Main Himalayan Thrust. Our new image allows structural comparison of the Moho and of the Main Himalayan Thrust geometry along‐strike of the Himalayas and documents long‐wavelength lateral variations. The general crustal architecture observed on our images resembles that of Central Nepal; therefore, Western Nepal is also expected to be able to host large (MW > 8) megathrust earthquakes, as the 1505 CE event.
Reply to Comments by Jia Yue on “Global Distribution and Variations of NO Infrared Radiative Flux and Its Responses to Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Activity in the Thermosphere”
Authors: Tang Chaoli , Wei Yuanyuan , Liu Dong , Luo Tao , Dai Congming , Wei Heli 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDr. Jia Yue (J. Y.) recently made comments on the paper of Tang et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024758, hereinafter referred to as T17). J. Y. claimed that there were numerous shortcomings in T17. We disagree with most of his opinions and reply his concerns in this paper.
Weak and Slow, Strong and Fast: How Shear Zones Evolve in a Dry Continental Crust (Musgrave Ranges, Central Australia)
Authors: Hawemann F. , Mancktelow N. S. , Pennacchioni G. , Wex S. , Camacho A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe strike‐slip Davenport Shear Zone in Central Australia developed during the Petermann Orogeny (~550 Ma) in an intracontinental lower crustal setting under dry subeclogite facies conditions (~650 °C, 1.2 GPa). This approximately 5‐km‐wide mylonite zone encloses several large low‐strain domains, allowing a detailed study of the initiation of shear zones and their progressive development. Quartzo‐feldspathic gneisses and granitoids contain compositional layers, such as quartz‐rich pegmatites, mafic bands, and dykes, which should preferentially localize viscous deformation if favorably orientated. This is not observed, except for long, continuous, and fine‐grained dolerite dykes. Instead, many shear zones, typically a few millimeters to centimeters in width but extending for tens of meters, commonly exploited pseudotachylytes and are sometimes parallel to a network of little overprinted fractures. The recrystallized mineral assemblage in the sheared pseudotachylyte is similar to that in the host gneiss, without associated hydration due to fluid‐rock interaction. Lack of localization in quartz‐rich, coarser‐grained (typically >50 μm) rocks compared to mafic dykes, precursor fractures, and pseudotachylytes implies that localization in the dry lower crust preferentially occurs along elongate, planar fine‐grained layers. Transient high stress repeatedly initiated fractures, providing finer‐grained, weaker, planar precursors that localized subsequent ductile shear zones. This intimate interplay between brittle and ductile deformation suggests a local source for lower crustal earthquakes, rather than downward migration of earthquakes from the shallower, usually more seismogenic part of the crust.