bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune myocarditis is not associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Mirna Moritz , Paar Vera , Kraus Theo , Sotlar Karl , Wernly Bernhard , Pistulli Rudin , Hoppe Uta C. , Lichtenauer Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundExperimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) is a common animal model for the investigation of the pathophysiology of myocarditis. Because of diverging findings from previous studies, we performed serial echocardiographic examinations throughout the course of the disease and investigated the dimensions of the murine heart and left ventricular (LV) systolic function.Materials and MethodsExperimental autoimmune myocarditis was induced in male Balb/c mice by subcutaneous injection of a fragment of the α‐myosin heavy chain (MyHC‐α 614‐629: Ac‐SLKLMATLFSTYASAD). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on days 0, 7 and 21 in healthy animals and mice with EAM.ResultsExperimental autoimmune myocarditis was associated with a reduction in LV systolic function and an increase in LV internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs) 7 days postimmunization. After 21 days, EAM led to a significant increase in LV‐thickness (1.3‐fold increase in LV anterior wall diameter in diastole [LVAWDd]), but there was no difference in LV systolic function between immunized animals and healthy controls. LV‐thickness correlated well with the severity of myocarditis in the histopathological examination (LVAWDd: rs = 0.603, P = 0.003, LV anterior wall diameter in systole (LVAWDs): rs = 0.718, P < 0.0001).ConclusionOur results indicate that EAM leads to an initial dilatation of the LV that is followed by ventricular “hypertrophy.” On day 21, there was no significant difference in LV systolic function between immunized animals and controls. Furthermore, the ageing of the animals had a major impact on the echocardiographic parameters; therefore, the use of healthy age‐matched controls seems warranted when echocardiography is performed in rodents.
The role of seasonal timing and phenological shifts for species coexistence
Authors: Rudolf Volker H. W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractShifts in the phenologies of coexistence species are altering the temporal structure of natural communities worldwide. However, predicting how these changes affect the structure and long‐term dynamics of natural communities is challenging because phenology and coexistence theory have largely proceeded independently. Here, I propose a conceptual framework that incorporates seasonal timing of species interactions into a well‐studied competition model to examine how changes in phenologies influence long‐term dynamics of natural communities. Using this framework I demonstrate that persistence and coexistence conditions strongly depend on the difference in species’ mean phenologies and how this difference varies across years. Consequently, shifts in mean and interannual variation in relative phenologies of species can fundamentally alter the outcome of interactions and the potential for persistence and coexistence of competing species. These effects can be predicted by how per‐capita effects scale with differences in species’ phenologies. I outline how this approach can be parameterized with empirical systems and discuss how it fits within the context of current coexistence theory. Overall, this synthesis reveals that phenology of species interactions can play a crucial yet currently understudied role in driving coexistence and biodiversity patterns in natural systems and determine how species will respond to future climate change.
Hypervascularization in mTOR‐dependent focal and global cortical malformations displays differential rapamycin sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Longbo , Huang Tianxiang , Teaw Shannon , Bordey Angélique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesPatients with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)–dependent malformations of cortical development (MCDs) associated with seizures display hyperperfusion and increased vessel density of the dysmorphic cortical tissue. Some studies have suggested that the vascular defect occurred independently of seizures. Here, we further examined whether hypervascularization occurs in animal models of global and focal MCD with and without seizures, and whether it is sensitive to the mTOR blocker, rapamycin, that is approved for epilepsy treatment in tuberous sclerosis complex.MethodsWe used two experimental models of mTOR‐dependent MCD consisting of conditional transgenic mice containing Tsc1null cells in the forebrain generating a global malformation associated with seizures and of wild‐type mice containing a focal malformation in the somatosensory cortex generated by in utero electroporation (IUE) that does not lead to seizures. Alterations in blood vessels and the effects of a 2‐week–long rapamycin treatment on these phenotypes were assessed in juvenile mice.ResultsBlood vessels in both the focal and global MCDs of postnatal day 14 mice displayed significant increase in vessel density, branching index, total vessel length, and decreased tissue lacunarity. In addition, rapamycin treatment (0.5 mg/kg, every 2 days) partially rescued vessel abnormalities in the focal MCD model, but it did not ameliorate the vessel abnormalities in the global MCD model that required higher rapamycin dosage for a partial rescue.SignificanceHere, we identified hypervascularization in mTOR‐dependent MCD in the absence of seizures in young mice, suggesting that increased angiogenesis occurs during development in parallel to alterations in corticogenesis. In addition, a predictive functional outcome is that dysplastic neurons forming MCD will have better access to oxygen and metabolic supplies via their closer proximity to blood vessels. Finally, the difference in rapamycin sensitivity between a focal and global MCD suggest that rapamycin treatment will need to be titrated to match the type of MCD.
Cutaneous nociception: Role of keratinocytes
Authors: Talagas Matthieu , Lebonvallet Nicolas , Berthod François , Misery Laurent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent years have brought an enhanced understanding of keratinocyte contribution to cutaneous nociception. While intra‐epidermal nerve endings were classically considered as the exclusive transducers of cutaneous noxious stimuli, it has now been demonstrated that epidermal keratinocytes can initiate nociceptive responses, like Merkel cells do for the innocuous mechanotransduction. In the light of recent in vivo findings, this article outlines this paradigm shift that points to a not yet considered population of sensory epidermal cells.
Mitigation potential and environmental impact of centralized versus distributed BECCS with domestic biomass production in Great Britain
Authors: Albanito Fabrizio , Hastings Astley , Fitton Nuala , Richards Mark , Martin Mike , Mac Dowell Niall , Bell Dave , Taylor Simon C. , Butnar Isabela , Li Pei‐Hao , Slade Raphael , Smith Pete 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNew contingency policy plans are expected to be published by the United Kingdom government to set out urgent actions, such as carbon capture and storage, greenhouse gas removal and the use of sustainable bioenergy to meet the greenhouse gas reduction targets of the 4th and 5th Carbon Budgets. In this study, we identify two plausible bioenergy production pathways for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) based on centralized and distributed energy systems to show what BECCS could look like if deployed by 2050 in Great Britain. The extent of agricultural land available to sustainably produce biomass feedstock in the centralized and distributed energy systems is about 0.39 and 0.5 Mha, providing approximately 5.7 and 7.3 MtDM/year of biomass respectively. If this land‐use change occurred, bioenergy crops would contribute to reduced agricultural soil GHG emission by 9 and 11 /year in the centralized and distributed energy systems respectively. In addition, bioenergy crops can contribute to reduce agricultural soil ammonia emissions and water pollution from soil nitrate leaching, and to increase soil organic carbon stocks. The technical mitigation potentials from BECCS lead to projected CO2 reductions of approximately 18 and 23 /year from the centralized and distributed energy systems respectively. This suggests that the domestic supply of sustainable biomass would not allow the emission reduction target of 50 /year from BECCS to be met. To meet that target, it would be necessary to produce solid biomass from forest systems on 0.59 or 0.49 Mha, or alternatively to import 8 or 6.6 MtDM/year of biomass for the centralized and distributed energy system respectively. The spatially explicit results of this study can serve to identify the regional differences in the potential capture of CO2 from BECCS, providing the basis for the development of onshore CO2 transport infrastructures.
MOB1 regulates thymocyte egress and T‐cell survival in mice in a YAP1‐independent manner
Authors: Kato Wakako , Nishio Miki , To Yoko , Togashi Hideru , Mak Tak Wah , Takada Hidetoshi , Ohga Shouichi , Maehama Tomohiko , Suzuki Akira 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMammalian STE20‐like protein kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) and nuclear Dbf2‐related kinase 1/2 (NDR1/2) are core components of Hippo signaling that are also known to be important regulators of lymphocyte trafficking. However, little is understood about the roles of other Hippo pathway molecules in these cells. Here, we present the first analysis of the function of Mps one binder kinase activator‐1 (MOB1) in T lymphocytes in vivo. T‐cell‐specific double knockout (DKO) of MOB1A/B in mice [tMob1 DKO mice] reduces the number of naïve T cells in both the circulation and secondary lymphoid organs, but leads to an accumulation of CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+ single‐positive (SP) cells in the thymus. In vitro, naïve MOB1A/B‐deficient T cells show increased apoptosis and display impaired trafficking capacity in response to the chemokine CCL19. These defects are linked to suppression of the activation of MST and NDR kinases, but are independent of the downstream transcriptional co‐activator Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1). Thus, MOB1 proteins play an important role in thymic egress and T‐cell survival that is mediated by a pathway other than conventional Hippo‐YAP1 signaling.
The eradication of Helicobacter pylori restores rather than disturbs the gastrointestinal microbiota in asymptomatic young adults
Authors: He Cong , Peng Chao , Wang Huan , Ouyang Yaobin , Zhu Zhenhua , Shu Xu , Zhu Yin , Lu Nonghua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) has been suggested to reduce the risk of gastric cancer, but its impact on the gut microbiota has attracted public attention. This study aimed to investigate the short‐term and long‐term effects of bismuth quadruple therapy on both gastric and fecal microbiota.MethodsTen asymptomatic young adults with H pylori‐related gastritis were treated with bismuth quadruple therapy for 14 days, and 7 age‐matched adults without H pylori infection were enrolled as healthy controls. Both fecal and gastric mucosa samples were collected from H pylori‐positive patients at weeks 0, 6, and 26, while fecal samples were collected from healthy controls. The gastric and gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsThe structure of the gastric microbiota was significantly changed after the eradication of H pylori with increased alpha diversity over time. The relative abundance of H pylori sharply decreased from more than 70% to nearly 0% after treatment, while some beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were increased. The microbial diversity of gut microbiota was higher in H pylori‐infected patients than in healthy controls, which tended to decrease after eradication. The potentially beneficial gut bacteria Blautia and Lachnoclostridium were enriched at week 26 compared to week 0, while the pathogenic Alistipes were depleted to a level close to that of the healthy controls.ConclusionsBismuth quadruple therapy for H pylori eradication can restore the diversity of gastric microbiota with enrichment of beneficial bacteria. The composition of gut microbiota after H pylori eradication trends toward healthy status instead of becoming dysbiotic.
Self‐reported oral health–related habits, attitudes and knowledge in adults from Portugal, Romania and Sweden—A comparative study
Authors: Cuculescu Marian , Slusanschi Oana , Boscaiu Voicu Radu , Luis Henrique Pedro Soares , Fernandes Ribeiro Graça Sandra Maria , Ramos Esteves Gonçalves dos Santos Albuquerque Teresa Maria Beatriz , Abreu Assunção Victor , Galuscan Atena , Podariu Angela Codruta , Malmqvist Sebastian , Johannsen Gunnar , Johannsen Annsofi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to compare the self‐reported oral health knowledge, habits and attitudes of adults in Portugal, Romania and Sweden, each benefitting from a different oral health system.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 1081 adults in the three countries, using an adapted version of the WHO oral health questionnaire. This survey took place between November 2015 and June 2016.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 46.85 with 95% CI (45.84, 47.86). Over 85% of the Portuguese and the Swedish, but only 55% of the Romanians, reported having 20 or more teeth left (P < 0.001). Most Swedes visit the dental office regularly, but only 50.5% of the Portuguese and 20.6% of the Romanians do so (P < 0.001). Interdental cleaning aids and fluoridated toothpaste were used the most in Sweden and the least in Romania. Daily consumption of sweets was lowest for Portugal and highest for Romania (P < 0.001), and daily intake of fresh fruits and vegetables was lowest for Sweden (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere is a difference between the three countries regarding oral health, diet, dental attendance and oral health–related quality of life, with Romania being in most need of improvement in these areas. The differences could be explained by the distinct healthcare systems adopted by the countries.
Effects of osmotic pretreatment and frying conditions on quality and storage stability of vacuum‐fried pumpkin chips
Authors: Piyalungka Pattaraporn , Sadiq Muhammad Bilal , Assavarachan Rittichai , Nguyen Loc Thai 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe effects of osmotic (OP), ultrasound‐assisted osmotic pretreatment (UAOP) and frying conditions on quality and storage stability of vacuum fried pumpkin chips were investigated. The pumpkin samples were pretreated in maltodextrin solution and subsequently fried at different temperatures (90–110 °C) and time periods (10–30 min). The results demonstrated that the moisture content, water activity, lightness, yellowness and carotenoid content of the fried chips decreased, while oil content, hardness and a* (dark brown colour) value increased with increasing frying temperature and time. UAOP reduced about 16.0% of oil absorption and enhanced approximately 70% of carotenoid retention in the fried chips. UAOP samples were also more stable during storage than the untreated ones, indicated by lower degradation kinetics constants of key quality parameters. The proposed pretreatment could be an effective method for food industries to develop vacuum fried pumpkin chips with improved quality and stability.
Developing a consistent approach to advanced practice nursing worldwide
Authors: Schober Madrean , Stewart David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntegration of advanced practice nurses into the healthcare workforce is an increasing trend worldwide. An important step forward for supporting this trend was the development of a definition of advanced practice nursing by the International Council of Nurses in 2002, for the presence of such nurses internationally has increased significantly. Although initially beneficial, the generic nature of the definition has contributed to disagreement and confusion regarding the role. In response to this critique and to facilitate improved role clarity for advanced practice nurses, the International Council of Nurses is reviewing and revising its original position. The intent is to provide a clearer understanding of the components of the specialty to key stakeholders, the public and other healthcare professionals. This article describes the process for updating and clarifying the International Council of Nurses’ description of advanced practice nursing, specifically the clinical nurse specialist and nurse practitioner. Key elements for best practice, policy and a professional standard are identified to facilitate role development and implementation.
Copy number variations and polymorphisms in HSP90AB1 and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and efficacy of glucocorticoids
Authors: Zhang Man , Gu Yuanyuan , Huang Shunwei , Lou Qiuyue , Xie Qiaomei , Xu Zhiwei , Chen Yangfan , Pan Faming , Xu Shengqian , Liu Shengxiu , Tao Jinhui , Liu Shuang , Cai Jing , Chen Peiling , Qian Long , Wang Chunhuai , Liang Chunmei , Huang Hailiang , Pan Haifeng , Su Hong , Cheng Jian , Zhang Yuzhou , Hu Wenbiao , Zou Yanfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of our study was to assess the associations of HSP90AB1 copy number variations (CNVs) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk and glucocorticoids (GCs) efficacy, as well as the relationship between HSP90AB1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and GCs efficacy. HSP90AB1 CNVs and SLE risk were analysed in 519 patients and 538 controls. Patients treated with GCs were followed up for 12 weeks and were divided into sensitive and insensitive groups to investigate the effects of CNVs (419 patients) and SNPs (457 patients) on the efficacy of GCs. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was also measured by SF‐36 at baseline and week 12 to explore the relationship between CNVs/SNPs and HRQoL improvements in Chinese SLE patients. Our results indicated a statistically significant association between HSP90AB1 CNVs and SLE (PBH = 0.039), and this association was more pronounced in the female subgroup (PBH = 0.039). However, we did not detect association of HSP90AB1 CNVs/SNPs with efficacy of GCs. But we found a marginal association between SNP rs13296 and improvement in Role‐emotional, while this association was not strong enough to survive in the multiple testing corrections. Collectively, our findings suggest that the copy number of HSP90AB1 is associated with SLE susceptibility. But copy number and polymorphisms of HSP90AB1 may not be associated with efficacy of GCs.
Short versus longer implants with osteotome sinus floor elevation for moderately atrophic posterior maxillae: A 1‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shi Jun‐Yu , Li Yuan , Qiao Shi‐Chong , Gu Ying‐Xin , Xiong Yao‐Yang , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the clinical, radiographic outcomes and patient satisfaction of short‐6‐mm implants and longer implants combined with osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE).Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and twenty‐five patients with 225 implants were included and randomly assigned into three groups (each group: 75 implants) using randomizing table method: group 6 mm (6 mm implants alone), group 8 mm + O (8 mm implants + OSFE) and group 10 mm + O (10 mm implants + OSFE). Outcomes measures were as follows: implant survival, complication, resonance frequency analysis measurement, surgical time, bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket probing depth (PPD), modified plaque index (mPI), marginal bone loss (MBL) and patient satisfaction.ResultsThe dropout rate was 3.6% at 1 year. Implant survival rates were 96%, 100% and 100% in group 6 mm, group 8 mm + O and group 10 mm + O, respectively. In group 6 mm, the survival rates of implants with diameter of 4.1 mm were 90% (27/30), while the survival rates of implants with diameter of 4.8 mm were 100% (42/42). The surgical time (min) in group 6 mm was significantly shorter than those in group 8 mm + O and group 10 mm + O (13.6 ± 2.2, 19.4 ± 3.7 and 18.3 ± 4.3, respectively, p = 0.03). No significant differences in ISQ values, BOP, PPD, mPI and MBL were found among three groups. Significant higher value of intra‐operative discomfort was found in group 6 mm (p = 0.02).ConclusionAll treatment options provided acceptable clinical and radiographic results up to 1 year after loading. The current 1‐year results must be confirmed by longer follow‐ups of at least 5 years.
Growth‐band counts from elephantfish Callorhinchus milii fin spines do not correspond with independently estimated ages
Authors: Francis Malcolm P. , Ó Maolagáin Caoimhghin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFin spines from elephantfish Callorhinchus milii were sectioned and viewed with transmitted white light under a compound microscope. The sections displayed growth bands but their interpretation and significance were unclear. Three different methods were used for counting growth bands. The results were compared with reference growth curves based on length‐at‐age estimates for six juvenile year classes derived from length‐frequency distributions, and tagging data that showed longevity is at least 20 years. None of the three ageing methods showed good correspondence with the reference curves and all methods departed markedly from the reference curves at ages above 2 years old. Therefore, growth bands present in C. milii spines are not useful for ageing, at least with the three methods tested here. Spine bands may not represent age marks, but instead may be layers of material deposited irregularly to strengthen the spine.
Review and analysis of vehicle stability models during floods and proposal for future improvements
Authors: Bocanegra Ricardo A. , Vallés‐Morán Francisco J. , Francés Félix 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFlood water can affect vehicles significantly, which in turn can increase the negative effects of floods as vehicles are washed away by the flow and become a form of debris. In cities, most fatalities during floods occur inside vehicles. Consequently, it is necessary to establish thresholds for vehicle stability during this type of event to provide information necessary for flood risk management. This article analyses the available stability models developed over recent years to determine such thresholds. The stability models were grouped according to the way in which they approached car watertightness and the stability thresholds proposed by each of them were compared. It was found that these thresholds vary over a relatively wide range. Additionally, the experimental data were compared with the results provided by these studies leading to the conclusion that several of the stability models analysed do not fit measured data well. New research is required to overcome the simplifications made by the state‐of‐the‐art models and to try to standardise the decision criteria which should be adopted to define stability thresholds for vehicles of different characteristics.
Barrio BravoTransformed: Tourism, Cultural Politics, and Image Making in Mexico City
Authors: Vodopivec Barbara , Dürr Eveline 
Published: May 2019

ResumenEl presente artículo analiza los procesos del desarrollo urbano y la política cultura en la Ciudad de México, concentrándose en la manera en que la restructuración de las ciudades, guidada por políticas neoliberales y la economía simbólica, impacta distritos desfavorecidos. A partir de la investigación etnográfica, hacemos uso del turismo en el conocido barrio Tepito como lente para explorar cómo los diferentes actores interactúan con estos procesos. A medida que los espacios urbanos son recreados para el consumo cultural, una gama de actores intenta convertir los “slums” en destinos atractivos y experiencias de consumo. Estas estrategias de desarrollo reescriben el significado y valor de estas conocidas áreas en la ciudad, generando conflictos por el control sobre la representación y la venta de los espacios. Sostenemos que mientras la reestructuración de la economía neoliberal y el crecimiento de la economía simbólica agravan las desigualdades socio‐espaciales y al mismo tiempo abren espacios en donde se dan nuevas oportunidades para impugnarlas. [Ciudad de México, desarrollo urbano, desigualdad social, turismo urbano]