bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demeanor and police culture
Authors: Pickett Justin , Nix Justin 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to revisit classic theoretical arguments regarding the broad effects of civilian demeanor on policing and extend associated findings.

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical framework draws on insights from the literatures on police culture, the group engagement model and fairness heuristic theory. The authors argue that demeanor is best conceptualized as the degree of procedural justice exhibited by civilians toward police. Theoretically, procedurally just cooperation should influence officers’ adherence to police culture by affecting their social identification and assessments of civilians’ motives and moral deservingness. To test the hypotheses, the authors surveyed sworn officers from a large metropolitan police department in the southeastern USA in the Fall of 2016.

Findings
Results reveal that officers use their procedural justice judgments as heuristics to assess civilians’ trustworthiness, dangerousness, and moral deservingness, and these judgments influence their policing style. Officers who perceive greater procedurally just cooperation by civilians feel less threatened by the public, are more willing to use procedural justice themselves, and are less supportive of a “tough cop” policing style.

Originality/value
The authors propose that: civilian demeanor is best conceptualized as the extent to which civilians exhibit procedural fairness toward the police; and in order for meaningful police reform to occur, it is important to acknowledge the role of civilian demeanor in shaping officers’ attitudes, beliefs and behaviors.
The effect of community-oriented policing on police use of force: does community matter?
Authors: McCarthy Molly Miranda , Porter Louise E. , Townsley Michael , Alpert Geoffrey P. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether community-oriented policing (COP) influences rates of police use of force across communities, and whether the impact of COP varies according to the level of violent crime in communities.

Design/methodology/approach
A range of data sources including police use of force reports, online surveys of Officers-in-Charge and recorded crime data was used to examine the association between formal and informal community consultation and the frequency of police use of force, across 64 socially challenged communities in Australia.

Findings
Poisson multilevel modelling indicated no overall association between informal or formal community engagement and rates of police use of force. However, significant interaction terms for both informal and formal community consultation with violent crime rates indicated that higher levels of informal and formal community consultation were associated with lower rates of police use of force in communities with higher levels of violent crime. This relationship was not evident in low violent crime areas.

Research limitations/implications
Communities were purposively sampled to have a high propensity for police use of force, on the basis that they had high rates of violent crime, or high levels of socio-economic disadvantage, or both. This research should be replicated with a representative sample of communities.

Practical implications
The findings extend the potential benefits of COP to reducing the use of coercive policing tactics in high violent crime communities.

Originality/value
This study finds that COP can reduce the frequency of violent encounters between police and community members in high violent crime communities.
Impact of IoT challenges and risks for SCM
Authors: Birkel Hendrik Sebastian , Hartmann Evi 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive overview of challenges and risks of the Internet of Things (IoT) in supply chain management (SCM) and provide a structured framework for classifying and analyzing the relevant literature to deduce insights for research and practice.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review (SLR) of 102 peer-reviewed journal articles on the topic of IoT in SCM was conducted.FindingsThis review identifies, categorizes and describes the relevant literature regarding the dimensions time and specificity. The resulting framework contains a holistic overview including focus areas and relations of macro-environmental, network-related and organizational challenges and risks. Furthermore, this review represents a conceptual framework for future research, considering the multidisciplinary body of the subject and provides an analysis of the timeline of literature, journals and used methodologies.Practical implicationsThis study offers valuable insights into IoT and its impact on applications, processes and the structure of organizations and supply chains (SCs). The identification of challenges and risks helps to prepare for changes in the future because of the disruptive nature of this technology.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in the synthesis of the fragmented body of literature of IoT challenges and risks for SCM. The derived framework and identification of relations and research gaps provide the foundation for further research to evaluate the relations between challenges and risks and offer solutions.
Dietary supplement product composed of natural ingredients as a suspected cause of erythema multiforme: A case report and identification for the confident false positivity of lymphocyte transformation test
Authors: Utsunomiya Natsuko , Oyama Noritaka , Chino Takenao , Utsunomiya Akira , Hida Yukio , Hasegawa Minoru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGrowing and sustainable consumption of health‐care products raises a controversial issue underlying the reliability of an in vitro diagnostic approach for adverse skin reaction. This report aimed to: (i) discuss the causative nature of a commercial dietary supplement composed of natural ingredients, particularly an Euglena‐containing product, suspicious for erythema multiforme in our exemplified case; and (ii) to address the assay suitability of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) for identifying allergic reaction to any ingredient(s) of the product. A Japanese elderly man developed erythema multiforme after intake of a commercially available natural dietary product, whose LTT was positive. His clinical course and positive LTT suggested a provisional diagnosis of natural dietary product‐induced eruption. We conducted an inquiry survey for the standard LTT with any commercial products containing Euglena in three major Japanese laboratory services and identified 22 subjects, almost all of whom (21/22, 95.6%) showed a positive LTT for any Euglena‐containing products as a suspected causative. Seven normal healthy volunteers who had no intake history of Euglena‐containing products showed an equivalent LTT positivity rate with the same product taken by our case; culprit components of the product included Euglena, Angelica keiskei, Barley grass and Chlorella. A cell‐free culture system and enzyme‐linked immunoassay suggest that the high LTT positivity relies on the non‐specific lymphoproliferative activity, and not contamination of uncharacterized microorganisms and endotoxins. Because of the constitutive false positivity of LTT, this assay is unreliable for in vitro supportive diagnosis of adverse skin events caused by dietary products containing particular natural ingredients, as well as herbal materials.
Instability of insular tree communities in an Amazonian mega‐dam is driven by impaired recruitment and altered species composition
Authors: Jones Isabel L. , Peres Carlos A. , Benchimol Maíra , Bunnefeld Lynsey , Dent Daisy H. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Mega‐dams create highly fragmented archipelagos, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in remnant forest isolates. This study assessed the long‐term impact of dam‐induced fragmentation on insular tropical tree communities, with the aim of generating robust recommendations to mitigate some of the detrimental biodiversity impacts associated with future dam development.

We inventoried adult and sapling trees across 89 permanent plots, located on 36 islands and in three mainland continuous forest sites in the Balbina Dam, Brazilian Amazon. We examined differences in recruitment, structure, and composition of sapling and adult tree communities, in relation to plot‐, patch‐ and landscape‐scale attributes including area, isolation, and fire severity.

Islands harboured significantly lower sapling (mean ± 95% CI 48.6 ± 3.8) and adult (5 ± 0.2) tree densities per 0.01 ha, than nearby mainland continuous forest (saplings, 65.7 ± 7.5; adults, 5.6 ± 0.3). Insular sapling and adult tree communities were more dissimilar than in mainland sites, and species compositions showed a directional shift away from mainland forests, induced by fire severity, island area, and isolation.

Insular sapling recruitment declined with increasing fire severity; tree communities with higher community‐weighted mean wood density showed the greatest recruitment declines. Our results suggest that insular tree communities are unstable, with rare species becoming extinction‐prone due to reduced tree recruitment and density on islands, potentially leading to future losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across Balbina's >3,500 reservoir islands.

Policy implications. In Balbina, fire and reduced habitat area and connectivity were drivers of tree community decay after only 28 years of insularization, despite strict protection provided by the ~940,000 ha Uatumã Biological Reserve. Given that many dams are planned for lowland, moderately undulating Amazonia, we recommend that dam development strategy explicitly considers (a) dam location, aiming to minimize creation of small (<10 ha) and isolated islands, (b) maintaining reservoir water levels during droughts to reduce fire risk, and (c) including aggregate island area in environmental impact and offset calculations. Ideally, we recommend that alternatives to hydropower be sought in lowland tropical regions, due to the far‐reaching biodiversity losses and ecosystem disruption caused by river impoundment.
Predicting the distribution of released Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) in central Japan
Authors: Yamada Yumi , Itagawa Satoru , Yoshida Takehito , Fukushima Mariko , Ishii Jun , Nishigaki Masao , Ichinose Tomohiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) is one of the species threatened by mainly anthropogenic factor and their habitats are considered to be conserved. The first reintroduction of the species in Japan occurred in 2005. But as the species' natural wetland habitats are declining, the birds now prefer to forage in rice paddies. Thus, restoring the paddy‐dominated landscape is key for further success in the reintroduction program. In addition, a quantitative method is urgently needed to assess how much suitable habitat is available and where it is located. In this study, we identified environmental factors that affect the distribution of the Oriental White Stork and produced the first predictive spatial distribution map using 2‐year satellite tracking data of reintroduced individuals. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach was used to model the species' distribution at the landscape scale (1 km × 1 km grid cells). We identified six relevant environmental variables. Our results highlight the proportion of area of rice paddies as alternative wetland habitat as the most influential variable affecting the distribution positively. Landscape diversity represented by a complex mosaic of paddies and forest is also important for the species, as total length of paddy–forest edge also had a positive effect on habitat suitability. Our predictive distribution map cannot entirely provide distribution; however, it may be valuable information when considering where should be conserved as habitat to maintain the Oriental White Stork population in Japan.
Common and distinctive adaptive traits expressed in Dickeya dianthicola and Dickeya solani pathogens when exploiting potato plant host
Authors: Raoul des Essarts Yannick , Pédron Jacques , Blin Pauline , Van Dijk Erwin , Faure Denis , Van Gijsegem Frédérique 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBlackleg and soft rot are devastating diseases on potato stem and tuber caused by Pectobacterium and Dickeya pectinolytic enterobacteria. In European potato cultures, D. dianthicola and D. solani species successively emerged in the past decades. Ecological traits associated to their settlement remain elusive, especially in the case of the recent invader D. solani. In this work, we combined genomic, metabolic and transcriptomic comparisons to unravel common and distinctive genetic and functional characteristics between two D. solani and D. dianthicola isolates. The two strains differ by more than a thousand genes that are often clustered in genomic regions (GRs). Several GRs code for transport and metabolism functions that correlate with some of the differences in metabolic abilities identified between the two Dickeya strains. About 800 D. dianthicola and 1100 D. solani genes where differentially expressed in macerated potato tubers as compared to when growing in rich medium. These include several genes located in GRs, pointing to a potential role in host interaction. In addition, some genes common to both species, including virulence genes, differed in their expression. This work highlighted distinctive traits when D. dianthicola and D. solani exploit the host as a resource.
Roasting Kinetics and Chemical Composition Changes of Robusta Coffee Beans During Hot Air and Superheated Steam Roasting
Authors: Chindapan Nathamol , Soydok Supatcha , Devahastin Sakamon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs it is known that Robusta coffee beans exhibit more bitterness, less acidity, and lacks sweetness with unbalance flavor as compared to their Arabica counterpart, a means to improve the quality of Robusta coffee beans is desirable. As a step that contributes to the coffee quality, it is interesting to determine if an alternative roasting technique could lead to the desired improved quality. Here, roasting kinetics and changes in pH and composition of Robusta coffee beans undergoing hot air and superheated steam (SHS) roasting at 190 to 250 °C were investigated. SHS roasting led to higher rates of bed temperature increase, moisture loss and decrease in lightness (L* value) of the beans. Evolutions of the moisture content and L* value of the beans could be well described by the adopted kinetic equations. pH, caffeine, sugars, and organic acids contents of the beans were significantly affected by the temperature and degree of roasting. Interestingly, beans roasted in SHS had lower pH, higher sucrose, glucose, and arabinose contents. Their fructose and acetic acid contents were nevertheless lower, indicating that the beans probably exhibited higher sweetness and citrus‐like acidity, but lower unfavorable vinegar‐like acidity.Practical ApplicationThis study illustrates the possibility to improve the quality of Robusta coffee beans via a physical process. Use of superheated steam roasting at appropriate condition can enhance some desirable characters of Robusta beans; such beans indeed exhibit more resemblance to the more sought‐after Arabica beans. This should be of much value to a roasting house and blender in such a way that a higher proportion of Robusta beans can be used in a commercial blend of coffee beans.
Dynamic Detection of Biogenic Amines as a Quality Indicator and Their Relationship with Free Amino Acids Profiles in Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Bao Xingyue , Wang Feifei , Wang Haiyan , Fu Linglin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe production of biogenic amines (BAs) set considerable obstacles in seafood preservation. However, the characteristic BAs and their roles in the spoilage profiles in large yellow croaker were still poorly understood. The BAs contents, free amino acids (FAAs) contents, aerobic bacterial count, sensory evaluation and several characteristic physicochemical indexes were monitored during storage at 4 °C. It's forcefully uncovered that the putrescine and cadaverine were the main BAs and the sum value of them could be used as a novel quality indicator instead of BAI. The reasonable limitation for unaccepted corruption was suggested be around 60 mg/kg. The regression model (r > 0.8, P < 0.05) at 4 °C indicated a significant correlation between the main BAs and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), protein hydrolysis index (P.I.%) as well as pH value, offering a new interpretation form for the physiochemical properties of BAs in aquatic products. Additionally, the evolution of FAAs show the predominant role of lysine, proline, histidine, glycine, and alanine during the whole storage and it can be concluded that BAs biosynthesis in large yellow croaker were moderately related with their precursor substance. This work provides a preliminary insight into the origin of BAs in large yellow croaker.Practical ApplicationIt was proposed that the sum value of putrescine and cadaverine which were the main BAs can be used as a novel quality indicator instead of BAI in large yellow croaker. And the regression models of BAs and other physiochemical indexes provided a new perspective for comprehending the spoilage profiles involving BAs biosynthesis. The study may potentially contribute to improving the evaluation of seafood freshness and provide new target site for seafood preservation.
Heliorhodopsins are absent in diderm (Gram‐negative) bacteria: Some thoughts and possible implications for activity
Authors: Flores‐Uribe José , Hevroni Gur , Ghai Rohit , Pushkarev Alina , Inoue Keiichi , Kandori Hideki , Béjà Oded 
Published: January 2019

SummaryMicrobial heliorhodopsins are a new type of rhodopsins, currently believed to engage in light sensing, with an opposite membrane topology compared to type‐1 and type‐2 rhodopsins. We determined heliorhodopsins presence/absence is monoderms and diderms representatives from the Tara Oceans and freshwater metagenomes as well as metagenome assembled genome collections. Heliorhodopsins are absent in diderms, confirming our previous observations in cultured Proteobacteria. We do not rule out the possibility that heliorhodopsins serve as light sensors. However, this does not easily explain their absence from diderms. Based on these observations, we speculate on the putative role of heliorhodopsins in light‐driven transport of amphiphilic molecules.
Venous thromboembolism in the critically ill: A prospective observational study of occurrence, risk factors and outcome
Authors: Beitland Sigrid , Wimmer Henning , Lorentsen Torleif , Jacobsen Dag , Drægni Tomas , Brunborg Cathrine , Kløw Nils Einar , Sandset Per Morten , Sunde Kjetil 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to explore occurrence, risk factors and outcome of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.MethodsProspective observational study of ICU patients receiving thromboprophylaxis at Oslo University Hospital in Norway. Adult medical and surgical patients with ICU length of stay (LOS) longer than 48 hours were included. For detection of VTE, Doppler ultrasound screening of neck, upper and lower extremity veins was used, and computed tomography angiography when clinically indicated for any medical reason.ResultsAmong 70 included patients, 79% were males and mean age was 62 (±12.1) years. All received thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin, and 44 (63%) used graduated compression stockings. VTE was found in 19 (27%) patients; deep vein thrombosis in 15 (21%) and pulmonary embolism in 4 (6%). Among the VTEs, 11 (58%) presented within the first 48 hours after admission, two (11%) were located in the lower limbs and five (26%) were symptomatic. Risk factors for VTE in multivariable analyses were malignancy, abdominal surgery and SAPS II score <41 with an AuROC (95% CI) of 0.72 (0.58‐0.85, P = 0.01). Patients with and without VTE had comparable ICU LOS (13 vs 11 days, P = 0.27) and mortality (16% vs 20%, P = 0.72).ConclusionVenous thromboembolism was observed in 27% of ICU patients receiving thromboprophylaxis. Factors associated with increased risk of VTE were malignancy, abdominal surgery and SAPS II score <41. Presence of VTE did not impact on patient outcome.
Association Between Gabapentin Receipt for Any Indication and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption Scores Among Clinical Subpopulations With and Without Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Rentsch Christopher T. , Fiellin David A. , Bryant Kendall J. , Justice Amy C. , Tate Janet P. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCurrent medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) have limited efficacy and utilization. Some clinical trials have shown efficacy for gabapentin among treatment‐seeking individuals. The impact of gabapentin on alcohol consumption in a more general sample remains unknown.MethodsWe identified patients prescribed gabapentin for ≥180 consecutive days for any clinical indication other than substance use treatment between 2009 and 2015 in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. We propensity‐score matched each gabapentin‐exposed patient with up to 5 unexposed patients. Multivariable difference‐in‐difference (DiD) linear regression models estimated the differential change in Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT‐C) scores during follow‐up between exposed and unexposed patients, by baseline level of alcohol consumption and daily gabapentin dose. Analyses were stratified by AUD history. Clinically meaningful changes were a priori considered a DiD ≥1 point.ResultsAmong patients with AUD, AUDIT‐C scores decreased 0.39 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05, 0.73) more among exposed than unexposed patients (p < 0.03). Potentially clinically meaningful differences were observed among those with AUD and exposed to ≥1,500 mg/d (DiD 0.77, 95% CI 0.15, 1.38, p < 0.02). No statistically significant effects were found among patients with AUD at doses lower than 1,500 mg/d or baseline AUDIT‐C ≥4. Among patients without AUD, we found no overall difference in changes in AUDIT‐C scores, nor in analyses stratified by baseline level of alcohol consumption.ConclusionsPatients exposed to doses of gabapentin consistent with those used in clinical trials, particularly those with AUD, experienced a greater decrease in AUDIT‐C scores than matched unexposed patients.