bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Discrete Pt1(0) in Crown Ether with Ultra‐High Hydrosilylation Activity
Authors: Liu Kairui , Shen Xing , Bai Shi , Zhang Z. Conrad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObtaining reduced discrete metal atoms that are stable in liquid solvents byin‐situreduction of an ionic metal precursor has been a challenge until recently. A liquid surfactant polydimethylsiloxane‐polyethylene glycol (PDMS‐PEG) enabled the synthesis of stable discrete platinum atoms (Pt1) by reducing Pt(IV) and Pt(II) salts. Here we report the successful preparation of discrete mononuclear platinum atoms (Pt1) in a crown ether, [15]crown‐5, as a structurally much simpler solvent, and the prepared Pt1@[15]crown‐5 was demonstrated for ultra‐high catalytic activity and selectivity in hydrosilylation reactions. A combination of spectroscopic characterizations proves the reduced Pt species is Pt1(0) with partially positive charge.195Pt NMR and DFT calculation indicate the Pt1(0) is stabilized by thepseudooctahedral structure of ([15]crown‐5)PtCl−2H+2involving two adjacent oxygens from the crown ether ring, although the oxygens in the crown ether ring have been known to host and stabilize certain metal cations. The Pt1@[15]crown‐5 shows ultrahigh activity (TOF of 8.3×108 h−1) with excellent terminal adducts selectivity in catalytic olefin hydrosilylation. This catalyst was found to be highly stable under hydrosilylation conditions. For examples, the turnover number (TON) exceeded 1.0×109for hydrosilylation between 1‐octene and (Me3SiO)2MeSiH without showing sign of deactivation; the TON exceeded 2.0×108while the catalyst remained active for a catalytically more demanding reaction between styrene and (Me3SiO)2MeSiH.
Thermal and Mechanical Stability of Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B: an Approximation to Mechanochemical Energetics in Enzyme Catalysis.
Authors: Pérez‐Venegas Mario , Tellez‐Cruz Miriam M. , Solorza‐Feria Omar , López‐Munguía Agustín , Castillo Edmundo , Juaristi Eusebio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVery recently, several successful enzymatic processes performed with mechanical activation have been disclosed; that is, despite the mechanical stress caused by High‐Speed Ball‐Milling, immobilized enzymes can retain activity. In the present study, the effect of thermal and mechanical stress was examined as potential inducers of enzymatic denaturation, when using either free, immobilized, or ground immobilized enzyme. The recorded observations show a remarkable stability of ground immobilized enzyme. Moreover, ground biocatalyst turns out to exhibit an increase of one order of magnitude in the efficiency of the catalytic process, maintaining excellent enantiodiscrimination, without significant activity loss even after four milling cycles. These observations rule out enzyme inactivation as direct consequence of the milling process. Additionally, boosted enzyme efficiency was used to optimize a relatively inefficient chiral amine resolution reaction, achieving a 25 % faster biotransformation (in 45 min) and yielding essentially enantiopure products (ee>99%, E>500).
Application of network analysis to investigate sex differences in interactive systems of eating‐disorder psychopathology
Authors: Perko Victoria L. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Siew Cynthia S. Q. , Tregarthen Jenna P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveAlthough men comprise 25% of persons with eating disorders (EDs), most research has focused on understanding EDs in women. The theoretical framework underlying common ED treatment has not been rigorously tested in men. The purpose of this study was to compare the interconnectivity among ED symptoms in men versus women.MethodParticipants (N = 1,348; 50% men) were individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, or other specified feeding or eating disorder who were users of Recovery Record, a smartphone app for monitoring ED symptoms. Participants were matched on age and duration of illness. Network analysis was used to create networks of symptoms for both sexes. Strength centrality, network stability, and bootstrapped centrality differences were tested. The network comparison test (NCT) was used to identify sex differences between networks. Key players analysis was used to compare fragmentation of each network.ResultsFor both sexes, items related to binge eating and restricting emerged as highest in strength centrality. The NCT identified significant differences global strength (p = .03) but not network invariance (p = .06) suggesting that although the structure of the networks was not statistically different, the strength of the connections within the network was greater for women. Key players analysis indicated that both networks were similarly disrupted when important nodes within the network were removed.DiscussionFindings suggested that there are more similarities than differences in networks of EDs in men and women. Results have important clinical implications by supporting theoretical underpinnings of cognitive‐behavioral models of EDs in both men and women.
Platyrrhine color signals: New horizons to pursue
Authors: Moreira Laís A. A. , Duytschaever Gwen , Higham James P. , Melin Amanda D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLike catarrhines, some platyrrhines show exposed and reddish skin, raising the possibility that reddish signals have evolved convergently. This variation in skin exposure and color combined with sex‐linked polymorphic color vision in platyrrhines presents a unique, and yet underexplored, opportunity to investigate the relative importance of chromatic versus achromatic signals, the influence of color perception on signal evolution, and to understand primate communication broadly. By coding the facial skin exposure and color of 96 platyrrhines, 28 catarrhines, 7 strepsirrhines, 1 tarsiiform, and 13 nonprimates, and by simulating the ancestral character states for these traits, we provide the first analysis of the distribution and evolution of facial skin exposure and color in platyrrhini. We highlight ways in which studying the presence and use of color signals by platyrrhines and other primates will enhance our understanding of the evolution of color signals, and the forces shaping color vision.
Functional quality of optimized peach‐based beverage developed by application of ultrasonic processing
Authors: Sattar Saira , Imran Muhammad , Mushtaq Zarina , Ahmad Muhammad Haseeb , Holmes Melvin , Maycock Joanne , Khan Muhammad Imran , Yasmin Adeela , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Muhammad Niaz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe influence of thermal treatment (at 90°C for 10 min) and sonication (at 20 kHz and 130 W for 30, 60, and 90 min on room temperature) on the physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and organic acids of fresh formulated functional peach beverage was investigated. The results indicated that conventional pasteurization and sonication treatment did not show any significant changes in pH value and Brix amount of juice, and however, a rise in cloud value was observed under all processing conditions. The thermal treatment caused the decrement in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (assessed by diphenyl dipicryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS)), and organic acids of juice, whereas sonication treatment for 90 min increased maximum the activity of bioactive compounds (TPC: 600.61 µg/100 ml; TFC: 177 µg CE/100 ml), antioxidants (DPPH: 51.87%; FRAP: 506.13 µmol Trolox/L; ABTS: 1,507.375 µmol Trolox/L), and organic acids (malic acid: 998; citric acid: 128; oxalic acid: 145; shikimic acid: 63 µg/100 ml) as compared to other treatment conditions and control. Multivariate data analysis was done by principal component analysis as it identifies patterns in data by comparing data sets which is further expressed based on their similarities and discriminations, respectively.
Hippocampal segmentation for brains with extensive atrophy using three‐dimensional convolutional neural networks
Authors: Goubran Maged , Ntiri Emmanuel Edward , Akhavein Hassan , Holmes Melissa , Nestor Sean , Ramirez Joel , Adamo Sabrina , Ozzoude Miracle , Scott Christopher , Gao Fuqiang , Martel Anne , Swardfager Walter , Masellis Mario , Swartz Richard , MacIntosh Bradley , Black Sandra E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHippocampal volumetry is a critical biomarker of aging and dementia, and it is widely used as a predictor of cognitive performance; however, automated hippocampal segmentation methods are limited because the algorithms are (a) not publicly available, (b) subject to error with significant brain atrophy, cerebrovascular disease and lesions, and/or (c) computationally expensive or require parameter tuning. In this study, we trained a 3D convolutional neural network using 259 bilateral manually delineated segmentations collected from three studies, acquired at multiple sites on different scanners with variable protocols. Our training dataset consisted of elderly cases difficult to segment due to extensive atrophy, vascular disease, and lesions. Our algorithm, (HippMapp3r), was validated against four other publicly available state‐of‐the‐art techniques (HippoDeep, FreeSurfer, SBHV, volBrain, and FIRST). HippMapp3r outperformed the other techniques on all three metrics, generating an average Dice of 0.89 and a correlation coefficient of 0.95. It was two orders of magnitude faster than some of the tested techniques. Further validation was performed on 200 subjects from two other disease populations (frontotemporal dementia and vascular cognitive impairment), highlighting our method's low outlier rate. We finally tested the methods on real and simulated “clinical adversarial” cases to study their robustness to corrupt, low‐quality scans. The pipeline and models are available at: https://hippmapp3r.readthedocs.ioto facilitate the study of the hippocampus in large multisite studies.
Development or maintenance? Dual‐oriented human resource system, employee achievement motivation, and work well‐being
Authors: Lin Congcong , Li Xiufeng , Lam Long W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrawing on the person–organization fit theory, this study elaborates a dual‐oriented human resource (HR) system and explores when and how two HR bundles (development vs. maintenance) influence work well‐being. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 1,946 supervisors from a Chinese high‐tech firm show that the dual‐oriented HR model fits the data better than a holistic HR system. In another study with a multilevel sample of 64 corporate branches and 434 employees, the findings confirm the proposed joint effect of the dual‐oriented HR system and achievement motivation on well‐being. Specifically, development‐oriented HR practices are more positively related to work well‐being only when individual achievement motivation is high; by contrast, maintenance‐oriented HR practices are more positively related to work well‐being only when individual achievement motivation is low. Work meaning mediates these effects. These findings provide guidance on the effective design of HR practices.
Publication records and bibliometric indices of postprofessional pharmacy fellowship directors
Authors: Thompson Dennis F. , Drinnon Stephen D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundScholarship is an essential component of fellowship programs. Postprofessional fellowship directors are considered research mentors, but their publication records have not been documented.ObjectivesThe primary purpose of this research was to characterize the publication records and bibliometric indices of the current postprofessional fellowship directors listed on the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) website. A secondary purpose was to compare the publication metrics of distinct groups within this cohort.MethodsUsing the Web of Science database, the publication records of all listed postprofessional fellowship directors on the ACCP website were collected. Forty‐nine unique directors were identified from the website. Bibliometric indices calculated included: lifetime publications, publications/year, h‐index, m‐quotient, lifetime citations, citations/year, average citations/paper, productivity, and creativity. In addition, we compared peer reviewed fellowship directors and non‐peer‐reviewed fellowship directors, infectious disease fellowship directors, and noninfectious disease fellowship directors, and National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐funded fellowship directors and non‐NIH funded directors. The Kruskal‐Wallis analysis of variance for nonparametric data was used to assess differences between groups. The a priori level of significance was set atP < .01.ResultsWithin our research cohort, 12 (24%) of the fellowship directors had less than 10 lifetime publications and 12 (24%) had an h‐index of less than five. Infectious disease directors had higher bibliometric indices than noninfectious disease directors (P < .01) as did NIH‐funded researchers when compared with their nonfunded counterparts (P < .01). Gender differences, secondary degrees, and peer‐review status were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionFellowship directors should possess an established record of scholarly activity to function in the role of research mentor. Benchmarking of bibliometric indices could be an important tool in the overall evaluation of fellowship director qualifications in the future.
Therapeutic and biological activities of berberine: The involvement of Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Fekri Hojjat Samareh , Ahmadi Zahra , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince the beginning of the 21st century, studies have focused on developing drugs from naturally occurring compounds. Berberine (Brb) as a plant‐derived compound is of interest. It is an isoquinone alkaloid which is derived from Berberis aristata, Berberis aquifolium and Berberis vulgaris. This plant‐derived compound has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory. Various studies have demonstrated the therapeutic and biological activities of Brb, but there is a lack of a precise review to manifest the signaling pathway of action of Brb. The nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a highly conserved pathway which mainly involves in preservation of redox balance. At the present review, we describe the therapeutic and biological activities of Brb as well as the relevant mechanisms specially focused on the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Prognostic significance of Epstein‐Barr virus viral load in patients with T1‐T2 nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Mazurek Agnieszka M. , Wygoda Andrzej , Rutkowski Tomasz , Olbryt Magdalena , Pietrowska Monika , Celejewska Agata , Składowski Krzysztof , Widłak Piotr 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is highly prevalent in southern Chinese populations but it is rare in most parts of the world. A few studies were performed in nonendemic regions of the world, and suggested the prognostic value of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in blood. In this study, EBV DNA presence and viral load (VL) level in the blood of patients with NPC in Polish population were presented. In addition, its prognostic value for locoregional control among other clinicopathological features was evaluated. Patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated definitively with radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy were included in the study. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed for quantitating of EBV DNA in plasma. Among patients with NPC, 51% (22 of 43) were classified as EBV‐positive with the mean of the VL of 4934 ± 8693 copies/mL. Multiple regression analysis between log EBV DNA VL and clinical parameters revealed that the most important factors increasing the VLs were advanced N disease together with no‐smoking status and advanced T tumors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that T3‐T4 tumors were an independent prognostic factor for poor locoregional control. Analysis for the subgroup of patients with T1‐T2 tumors showed that T1‐T2 EBV‐negative patients had better locoregional control compared with T1‐T2 EBV‐positive, though without statistical significance. In conclusion, it seems that EBV DNA determination may have an important role in diagnostics of patients with NPC with T1‐T2 tumors indicating a subgroup with poorer prognosis, though it needs to be proven on a larger cohort.
Tenofovir monotherapy versus tenofovir plus entecavir combination therapy in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis patients with partial virological response to entecavir
Authors: Wang Yong‐Hong , Liao Juan , Zhang Dong‐Mei , Wu Dong‐Bo , Tao Ya‐Chao , Wang Meng‐Lan , Chen En‐Qiang , Tang Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy and TDF + entecavir (ETV) combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with the partial virological response (PVR) to ETV.MethodsCHB patients with PVR to ETV were switched to TDF monotherapy or TDF + ETV combination therapy. The primary efficacy outcome was a virological response (VR), and the secondary efficacy outcomes were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. The primary safety outcomes were changes in serum creatinine and serum phosphorus levels.ResultsA total of 143 patients were investigated, including 63 patients in the TDF monotherapy group and 80 patients in the TDF + ETV combination therapy group. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. The median age of patients was 44.5 years, and 76.2% of them were male. The VR rate in TDF + ETV group was higher than that of the TDF group at 48 weeks (88.8% vs 71.4%; P = .009). At 48 weeks, the HBeAg seroconversion rate of TDF + ETV group was higher than that of the TDF group (30% vs 15.9%; P = .049). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with elevated ALT in the TDF group and TDF + ETV group at 48 weeks (9.5% vs 7.5%; P = .665). After adjusting the treatment regimen, serum creatinine levels increased slightly and serum phosphorus level decreased slightly in both groups.ConclusionsTDF + ETV combination therapy for 48 weeks had a higher VR rate than TDF monotherapy in CHB patients with PVR to ETV.
Assessment of Cartilage Repair Quality With the International Cartilage Repair Society Score and the Oswestry Arthroscopy Score
Authors: Paatela Teemu , Vasara Anna , Nurmi Heikki , Kautiainen Hannu , Kiviranta Ilkka 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score and the Oswestry Arthroscopic Score (OAS) have been validated to evaluate repair tissue quality. However, the performance of these scores has not been studied in typical patients undergoing cartilage repair and who have lesions of varying sizes. In this study, we compared the performance of the ICRS and the OAS scores and analyzed the effect of lesion characteristics on the performance of these two scores. Cartilage repair quality was assessed in a total of 104 arthroscopic observations of cartilage repair sites of the knee in 62 patients after autologous chondrocyte implantation. Two observers scored the repair areas independently with the ICRS and the OAS scores. The performance of both scores was evaluated according to internal consistency and inter‐rater reliability and correlation between the scores. The frequency and proportion of disagreements were analyzed according to the repair site area and the given score. The correlation between the scores was good (r = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–0.94). Both scores showed moderate internal consistency and inter‐rater reliability. Cronbach's α was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80–0.92) for the ICRS score and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.86) for the OAS score. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84–0.92) for the ICRS and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74–0.87) for the OAS scores. The frequency and proportion of disagreements were higher in larger repair sites. In arthroscopic use, both ICRS and OAS scores perform similarly, however, their reliability deteriorates as the lesion size increases. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:555–562, 2020
Attenuation of Post‐Traumatic Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Via Inhibition of Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Takada Shinichiro , Nakamura Eiichiro , Sabanai Ken , Tsukamoto Manabu , Otomo Hajime , Kanoh Shinkichi , Murai Teppei , Fukuda Hokuto , Okada Yasuaki , Uchida Soshi , Sakai Akinori 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe aimed to investigate whether post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) progression is appropriately represented by a PTOA mouse model using a unique climbing cage to add mechanical loading after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection and to determine how Hedgehog signaling inhibition prevents PTOA progression by observing time‐dependent morphological changes. This controlled laboratory study histologically compared mice with surgically‐induced ACL transection (ACLT) and those with voluntary increased activity in a climbing cage from 1 week postoperatively (ACLT + climbing). We generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice with a deleted Smoothened (Smo) gene. Time‐dependent histopathological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analyses were performed. The ACLT + climbing group showed more severe cartilage defects and massive osteophyte formation than the ACLT group. Smo deletion significantly suppressed PTOA progression. The time‐dependent assessment revealed cartilaginous processes of equivalent size at the posterior tibial margin in the Smo cKO and control mice at 4 weeks postoperatively. However, at 8 weeks postoperatively, mature ossifying lesions were detected in the controls but not in Smo cKO mice. In the articular cartilage, ADAMTS5 and RUNX2 expression were observed in hypertrophic chondrocytes near the defective cartilage in controls but not in Smo cKO mice. Climbing exercise after ACLT accelerated PTOA progression more severely not only through increasing joint instability induced by ACLT but also through mechanical loading force induced by climbing exercise. Hedgehog signaling inhibition attenuated PTOA progression by suppressing chondrocyte hypertrophy induced by mechanical loads, to which ACL‐deficient athletes are usually exposed. Thus, Hedgehog signaling inhibition may be a therapeutic option to prevent arthritic changes in athletes. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:609–619, 2020