bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlating elements content in mosses collected in 2015 across Germany with spatially associated characteristics of sampling sites and their surroundings
Authors: Nickel Stefan , Schröder Winfried 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was a statistical evaluation of the statistical relevance of potentially explanatory variables (atmospheric deposition, meteorology, geology, soil, topography, sampling, vegetation structure, land-use density, population density, potential emission sources) correlated with the content of 12 heavy metals and nitrogen in mosses collected from 400 sites across Germany in 2015. Beyond correlation analysis, regression analysis was performed using two methods: random forest regression and multiple linear regression in connection with commonality analysis.

Results
The strongest predictor for the content of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and N in mosses was the sampled species. In 2015, the atmospheric deposition showed a lower predictive power compared to earlier campaigns. The mean precipitation (2013–2015) is a significant factor influencing the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in moss samples. Altitude (Cu, Hg and Ni) and slope (Cd) are the strongest topographical predictors. With regard to 14 vegetation structure measures studied, the distance to adjacent tree stands is the strongest predictor (Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, N), followed by the tree layer height (Cd, Hg, Pb, N), the leaf area index (Cd, N, Zn), and finally the coverage of the tree layer (Ni, Cd, Hg). For forests, the spatial density in radii 100–300 km predominates as significant predictors for Cu, Hg, Ni and N. For the urban areas, there are element-specific different radii between 25 and 300 km (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, N) and for agricultural areas usually radii between 50 and 300 km, in which the respective land use is correlated with the element contents. The population density in the 50 and 100 km radius is a variable with high explanatory power for all elements except Hg and N.

Conclusions
For Europe-wide analyses, the population density and the proportion of different land-use classes up to 300 km around the moss sampling sites are recommended.
Complex and dynamic transcriptional changes allow the helminth Fasciola gigantica to adjust to its intermediate snail and definitive mammalian hosts
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xuan , Cwiklinski Krystyna , Hu Rui-Si , Zheng Wen-Bin , Sheng Zhao-An , Zhang Fu-Kai , Elsheikha Hany M. , Dalton John P. , Zhu Xing-Quan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The tropical liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica causes fasciolosis, an important disease of humans and livestock. We characterized dynamic transcriptional changes associated with the development of the parasite in its two hosts, the snail intermediate host and the mammalian definitive host.

Results
Differential gene transcription analysis revealed 7445 unigenes transcribed by all F. gigantica lifecycle stages, while the majority (n = 50,977) exhibited stage-specific expression. Miracidia that hatch from eggs are highly transcriptionally active, expressing a myriad of genes involved in pheromone activity and metallopeptidase activity, consistent with snail host finding and invasion. Clonal expansion of rediae within the snail correlates with increased expression of genes associated with transcription, translation and repair. All intra-snail stages (miracidia, rediae and cercariae) require abundant cathepsin L peptidases for migration and feeding and, as indicated by their annotation, express genes putatively involved in the manipulation of snail innate immune responses. Cercariae emerge from the snail, settle on vegetation and become encysted metacercariae that are infectious to mammals; these remain metabolically active, transcribing genes involved in regulation of metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides, pH and endopeptidase activity to assure their longevity and survival on pasture. Dramatic growth and development following infection of the mammalian host are associated with high gene transcription of cell motility pathways, and transport and catabolism pathways. The intra-mammalian stages temporally regulate key families of genes including the cathepsin L and B proteases and their trans-activating peptidases, the legumains, during intense feeding and migration through the intestine, liver and bile ducts. While 70% of the F. gigantica transcripts share homology with genes expressed by the temperate liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, gene expression profiles of the most abundantly expressed transcripts within the comparable lifecycle stages implies significant species-specific gene regulation.

Conclusions
Transcriptional profiling of the F. gigantica lifecycle identified key metabolic, growth and developmental processes the parasite undergoes as it encounters vastly different environments within two very different hosts. Comparative analysis with F. hepatica provides insight into the similarities and differences of these parasites that diverged > 20 million years ago, crucial for the future development of novel control strategies against both species.
Oxytocin levels in low-risk primiparas following breast stimulation for spontaneous onset of labor: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Takahata Kaori , Horiuchi Shigeko , Tadokoro Yuriko , Sawano Erika , Shinohara Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Breast stimulation is performed to self-induce labor. However, there are apparently no reports on hormonal evaluation during stimulation for consecutive days in relation to induction effect. We evaluated the salivary oxytocin level following 3 consecutive days of own breast stimulation for 1 h each day compared with no breast stimulation.

Methods
We used a quasi-experimental design. The participants were low-risk primiparas between 38 and 39 gestational weeks. Eight saliva samples per participant were collected at preintervention and 30, 60, and 75 min postintervention on the first and third days. The primary outcome was change in the salivary oxytocin level on the third day after 3 consecutive days of breast stimulation for 1 h each day compared with no breast stimulation. The secondary outcomes were the rate of spontaneous labor onset and negative events including uterine hyperstimulation and abnormal fetal heart rate.

Results
Between February and September 2016, 42 women were enrolled into the intervention group (n = 22) or control group (n = 20). As there were differences in the basal oxytocin levels between the 2 groups, to estimate the change in the oxytocin level from baseline, we used a linear mixed model with a first-order autoregressive (AR1) covariance structure. The dependent variable was change in the oxytocin level from baseline. The independent variables were gestational weeks on the first day of intervention, age, education, rs53576 and rs2254298, group, time point, and interaction of group and time. After Bonferroni correction, the estimated change in the mean oxytocin level at 30 min on the third day was significantly higher in the intervention group (M = 20.2 pg/mL, SE = 26.2) than in the control group (M = − 44.4 pg/mL, SE = 27.3; p = 0.018). There was no significant difference in the rate of spontaneous labor onset. Although there were no adverse events during delivery, uterine tachysystole occurred in 1 case during the intervention.

Conclusions
The estimated change in the mean oxytocin level was significantly higher 30 min after breast stimulation on the third day. Thus, consecutive breast stimulation increased the salivary oxytocin level. Repeated stimulations likely increase the oxytocin level.

Trial registration
UMIN000020797 (University Hospital Medical Information Network; Prospective trial registered: January 29, 2016).
The meaning of working in a person-centred way in nursing homes: a phenomenological-hermeneutical study
Authors: Vassbø Tove K. , Kirkevold Marit , Edvardsson David , Sjögren Karin , Lood Qarin , Bergland Ådel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to illuminate the meaning of working in a person-centred way as experienced by staff in nursing homes. Insights into what working in a person-centred way mean for nursing home staff may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of what gives staff satisfaction in their work and support further development of person-centred care approach in nursing homes.MethodsInterviews with 29 health care personnel who had participated in a one-year intervention focusing on person-centred care and thriving in three nursing homes in Australia, Norway and Sweden were performed, and a phenomenological-hermeneutical method was used to explore staffs’ lived experiences of working in a person-centred way in nursing homes.ResultsFor nursing home staff, working in a person-centred way meant that they were able to meet individual resident’s needs and expressed preferences in close family-like relationships, understanding the residents’ rhythms and preferences as the basis of the daily work plans and being able to do ‘the little extra’ for residents. Also, working in a person-centred way meant meeting shared goals by working towards a collective practice in collaborative teams. As a whole, the staffs’ lived experiences of working in a person-centred way in nursing homes was interpreted to mean thriving at work as a psychological state in which individuals experience both a sense of vitality and learning.ConclusionsWorking in a person-centred way means staff thriving at work in nursing homes. The results further indicate that delivering care by only focusing on routines and practical tasks and not on residents’ preferences and well-being would inhibit thriving among nursing staff, leading to the potential for dissatisfaction with work.
Methylation estimates the risk of precancer in HPV-infected women with discrepant results between cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping
Authors:   FRIDA Study Group, Hernández-López Rubí , Lorincz Attila T. , Torres-Ibarra Leticia , Reuter Caroline , Scibior-Bentkowska Dorota , Warman Rhian , Nedjai Belinda , Mendiola-Pastrana Indira , León-Maldonado Leith , Rivera-Paredez Berenice , Ramírez-Palacios Paula , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Cuzick Jack , Salmerón Jorge 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Vigilant management of women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is necessary in cancer screening programs. To this end, we evaluated the performance of S5 (targeting DNA methylation in HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and human gene EPB41L3) to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) in a sample of hrHPV-infected women referred to colposcopy in the FRIDA Study, a large screening trial in Mexico. A nested case-control sample with women referred to colposcopy either by atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher (ASCUS+) in cytology and/or positive for HPV types 16 or 18 was tested by S5. Seventy-nine cases of CIN2+ were age-matched to 237 controls without a diagnosis of CIN2+ (<CIN2). DNA from exfoliated cervical cells was bisulfite converted and PCR amplified for S5 targets, and methylation was quantified at specific cytosines by pyrosequencing.

Results
The S5 classifier separated women with CIN2+ from <CIN2 with a highly significant area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95% CI 0.69–0.82), while AUC for CIN3+ was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74–0.89). To optimize sensitivity and specificity for Mexico, an alternative S5 cutoff of 3.7 was implemented to account for overall higher methylation seen in our already triaged women. All three invasive cancers were detected by methylation or HPV16/18 but none by cytology. Sensitivity of S5 for CIN2+ was 62% (95% CI 50.4–72.7%), specificity was 73% (95% CI 66.9–78.5%), and adjusted PPV was 15.1% (95% CI 12.0–18.3%). In contrast, the crude sensitivity of HPV16/18 detection and cytology were 63.3% (95% CI 51.7–73.9%) and 57.0% (95% CI 45.3–68.1%) respectively; specificity was 29.1% (95% CI 23.4–35.3%) and 62.4% (95% CI 55.9–68.6%) respectively, while adjusted PPV was 6.4% (95% CI 4.9–8.1%) and 10.5% (95% CI 8.0–13.1%), respectively. Methylation testing could reduce colposcopy referrals by 30 to 50% with virtually no loss of sensitivity for CIN2+ and CIN3+.

Conclusions
S5 testing on hrHPV-positive women significantly increased diagnostic information compared to triage by HPV16/18 plus cytology and appears to have clinical utility as an additional test to substantially lessen burdens on colposcopy.

Trial registration
The FRIDA Study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02510027.
Spectacular sea turtles: Circuits of a wildlife ecotourism discourse in Hawai‘i
Authors: Lamb Gavin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the discursive practices of sea turtle ecotourism that transform a beach in Hawai‘i into a popular sea turtle tourism destination. I analyze the circulation of an ecotourism discourse of spectacular nature that cycles through several distinct circuits of discursive remediation to produce Laniākea Beach as a sea turtle tourism destination. This ecotourism discourse entangles sea turtles and people into a discursive-material infrastructure of spectacular nature which the sea turtle tourism industry in Hawai‘i enlists to commodify human encounters with this charismatic species. Bringing complementary approaches in ecotourism studies and mediated discourse analysis that take human-nonhuman embodied (inter)actions as a starting point for discourse analysis, I trace how this ecotourism discourse itinerates across three distinct circuits of sea turtle tourism: (1) commercial tourism representations (on websites, guidebooks and street advertising), (2) in tourists’ embodied encounters with sea turtles (touching, pointing at, swimming with and talking about actual sea turtles), and (3) through online remediation of these embodied encounters (on social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook). The study suggests implications for how embodied and material approaches to discourse analysis in applied linguistics can bring empirical focus to the (un)ethical dimensions of wildlife ecotourism practices.
Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
Authors: Śpitalniak-Bajerska Kinga , Kupczyński Robert , Szumny Antoni , Kucharska Alicja Zofia , Vogt Andrzej 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe research aimed to assess the effect of whole lyophilized apples added to flax oil or flax ethyl esters for oxidation processes and fatty acid profiles. The samples were washed with nitrogen and sealed in PE pouches. The analyses were performed on day 0 and afterwards on 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th and 84th day of storage. The antioxidant capacity was determined by stating in the samples DPPH, ABTS•+, and FRAP. Fatty acid profiles of the test samples were analyzed using GC-MS. The addition of lyophilized apples did not limit the decrease in C18: 3, n-3 after storage. The reduction of free radicals (ABTS, DPPH) was the lowest in samples with ethyl esters mixed with lyophilized apples rather than in the case of specimens that were a mixture of flax oil and lyophilized apples. The addition of lyophilized apples limited the decrease of IV and PV in ethyl esters, and in the case of flax oil AV. Obtained data show the possibility of wider usage of apple for the improvement of stability of the ethyl esters or flax oils and at the same time there are the real possibilities of the development of such kinds of preparations for the feeding industry.
Pilot Tests and Fouling Identification in the Ultrafiltration of Model Oily and Saline Wastewaters
Authors: Ćwirko Konrad , Tomczak Elwira , Szaniawska Daniela , Buczkowski Ryszard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper evaluates ceramic membrane performance and fouling mechanisms in the ultrafiltration of model oil-in-water solutions with addition of NaCl. First, the work estimated the effect of main process parameters, i.e. transmembrane pressure, cross-flow velocity and NaCl content in the feed on oil rejection and permeate flux using 23 experimental design. The ultrafiltration experiments were carried out using pilot installation with commercial tubular ceramic 300 kDa membrane. Ultrafiltration data obtained using experimental design technique was used to determine the regression coefficients of polynomial equations. These equations give information on non-conjugated as well as conjugated effects of two operating parameters and one feed parameter on ceramic membrane performance in ultrafiltration process of model oil-in-water-NaCl solutions. Moreover, these equations can help to determine optimal conditions for ultrafiltration process from the point of view of membrane permeability and selectivity. Next, ultrafiltration results were analyzed using resistance-in-series model. It was found that the process is membrane resistance limited. It was also stated that, resistance caused by reversible fouling is greater than irreversible fouling resistance. Finally, pore blocking models based on modified Hermia’s equation were used to determine membrane fouling mechanism responsible for permeate flux decline with ultrafiltration time. In investigated system ceramic membrane fouling was caused by complete and intermediate pore blocking mechanisms.
The role of pseudo-cognitive authorities and self-deception in the dissemination of fake news
Authors: Froehlich Thomas J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper draws together insights from a variety of fields (including philosophy, psychology, information studies, sociology, politics, and media studies) to synthesize insight into why fake news is created, disseminated, sustained and authorized so as to understand how and why it is successful and how it might be challenged. The premier case for analysis will be Trump, his supporters, his party and his media. Central to this issue is the role of cognitive authorities, a notion first articulated and developed by Patrick Wilson (1983). Honest cognitive authorities have credibility and expertise and are regarded as trustworthy. Their knowledge, based on direct and verifiable knowledge, is sought, communicated and accepted, when an information seeker comes to them about a matter of which an information seeker has come to believe that they have expertise, credibility and knowledge. Pseudo- or false cognitive authorities appear to have the same qualities of credibility, expertise and trustworthiness, but on critical examination they fail in these qualities and strive to impose a partisan agenda irrespective of truth, evidence, logic or facts. Unfortunately, these conditions do not deter believers from accepting them. These authorities are of various types, such news programs or organizations, religious leaders, or social media sites, that create, propagate, authorize and legitimatize fake news stories, that partisan adherents are willing to accept and perpetuate through a form of collective self-deception and who will at the same time denigrate sources and cognitive authorities of genuine and verified information or knowledge. Starting with the InfoWars, we proceed to discuss the nature of the forms of false information on the internet, and the role of deception, particularly self-deception, social self-deception, and collective self-deception in the acceptance real fake news, which is authorized and legitimatized by pseudo-cognitive authorities. In the process we contrast genuine cognitive authorities with dishonest ones, and show how the psychological factors, motivations, and collective self-deception feed each other into a reinforcing collective self-deception so strong it may be equivalent to a cult. This dialogical process (pseudo-cognitive authorities deceiving and self-deceiving themselves and their listeners, who in turn “validate” those authorities through word-of-mouth and seeking and associating with like-minded groups) is reinforced by repetition, the Dunning-Kruger effect, agnotology, and other factors. At the conclusion the roles of information professionals will be examined concerning the difficulties confronting fake news and fake news adherents and developing paths for successful strategies in coping with them.
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with bowel obstruction
Authors: Houlzé-Laroye Constance , Eveno Clarisse 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPerforation of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) is characterized by its potential to spread mucin into peritoneal cavity, giving rise to pseudomyxoma peritonei, commonly treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Symptoms of intestinal obstruction and appendiceal infection are rare at early stages of the disease, while abdominal distension are observed in the later stages due to mucin spread.MethodsWe report herein a case of LAMN with atypical symptoms in a 35-year-old woman with abdominal symptoms evoking an intestinal obstruction.ResultsAn abdominal CT scan revealed an ileo-caecal intussusception. An exploratory laparotomy and examination of the peritoneal cavity ruled out an exteriorization of mucin and the bowel was resected.ConclusionsThe pathology analysis confirmed the diagnostic of LAMN. This report aims to raise awareness among surgeons, of rare clinical presentations that LAMN may show, to adapt the surgical treatment to these patients and assign them to referral centers.
Cross sections and production yields of 117mSn and other radionuclides generated in natural and enriched antimony with protons up to 145 MeV
Authors: Ermolaev Stanislav V. , Zhuikov Boris L. , Kokhanyuk Vladimir M. , Matushko Victor L. , Srivastava Suresh C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cross sections of a prospective medical radionuclide 117mSn along with 113Sn, 120m,122Sb, 111,114mIn and 118,119m,119g,121m,121g,123mTe generated in natural and enriched antimony targets by protons in a wide energy range up to 145 MeV were determined. A stacked-foil technique followed by gas chemical separation and γ-ray spectrometry were used. The obtained data were compared with experimental values reported in literature and with theoretical computations by ALICE, TALYS and Cascade-Evaporation-Fission codes. Production yields of 117mSn and the main impurity 113Sn were estimated for different irradiation modes.
An evaluation of biomarkers indicating endothelial cell damage, inflammation and coagulation in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Authors: Selcuk Duru Nilgun , Sahin Kamil , Coskun Cihan , Üstyol Ala , Elevli Murat , Koldas Macit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is characterized by generalized vasculitis. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is unknown, but inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been held responsible. Therefore, herein we investigated serum levels of biomarkers indicating endothelial cell damage, inflammation and coagulation in children with HSP.

Materials and methods
Twenty six patients with HSP and 26 healthy children were included in the study. Routine biochemical tests and laboratory parameters showing inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial cell damage were examined in all subjects.

Results
White blood cell (WBC) number, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil/lymphocyte rate (NLR), triglyceride, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and C3 were significantly higher in children with HSP than the controls. HDL and albumin levels were lower in the patients with HSP. Endocan levels were not significantly different between the HSP and control groups (p = 0.884). Serum endocan levels in patients with HSP were inversely correlated only with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (r = −0.485, p = 0.012).

Conclusion
Coagulation abnormalities and increased acute phase reactants were present in patients with HSP while no difference was determined in endocan levels.