bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional dynamics of fractal dimension of the left ventricular endocardium from cine computed tomography images
Authors: Manohar Ashish , Rossini Lorenzo , Colvert Gabrielle , Vigneault Davis M. , Contijoch Francisco , Chen Marcus Y. , del Alamo Juan C. , McVeigh Elliot R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a method to leverage the high fidelity of CT to quantify regional left ventricular function using topography variation of the endocardium as a surrogate measure of strain. 4DCT images of 10 normal and 10 abnormal subjects, acquired with standard clinical protocols, were used. The topography of the endocardium was characterized by its regional values of fractal dimension (FD), computed using a box-counting algorithm developed in-house. The average FD in each of the 16 American Heart Association segments was calculated for each subject as a function of time over the cardiac cycle. The normal subjects showed a peak systolic percentage change in FD of 5.9% ± 2% in all free-wall segments, while the abnormal cohort experienced a change of 2% ± 1.2% (p < 0.00001). Septal segments, being smooth, did not undergo large changes in FD. Additionally, a principal component analysis was performed on the temporal profiles of FD to highlight the possibility for unsupervised classification of normal and abnormal function. The method developed is free from manual contouring and does not require any feature tracking or registration algorithms. The FD values in the free wall segments correlated well with radial strain and with endocardial regional shortening measurements.
When the going gets tough, the tough get going: effect of extreme climate on an Antarctic seabird’s life history
Authors: Jenouvrier Stéphanie , Aubry Lise , Daalen Silke van , Barbraud Christophe , Weimerskirch Henri , Caswell Hal 
Published: October 2019

1AbstractIndividuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some die early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in out-comes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is more to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes will vary due to individual stochasticity, i.e., to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and chance is essential to understanding natural variability. Inter-individual differences vary across environmental conditions. Heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favorable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies.
Late ERP amplitude for self-face perception positively associated with heartbeat perception accuracy
Authors: Tumialis A.V. , Alikovskaia T.A. , Smirnov A.S. , Khoroshikh P.P. , Fadeev K.A. , Gutnikov S.A. , Golokhvast K.S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPerception of yourself involves the integration of information from various sources. In a number of studies, it was found that the perception of one’s own face is accompanied by an increase in the accuracy of perception of heartbeats and the amplitude of brain potentials caused by heart beats. In this study, subjects had to do a heartbeat count test to determine the accuracy of the interception. Then, the subjects were presented with the faces of an unknown person, a friend and the subject’s own face. The simultaneous registration of EEG was organized. We analyzed the relationship between the amplitude of the evoked potentials when viewing these faces and the accuracy of interoception. It was found that the amplitude of the late EP component (850 - 1106 ms) has a positive correlation with IAcc in the central and right parietal and occipital areas when perceiving one’s own face. According to the localization of distributed sources of activity, it was found that the connection is localized in the right anterior upper temporal cortex. Thus, the association between exteroceptive perception of one’s own face and IAcc occurs in the late period of EP. Moreover it is localized in the right temporal region of the cortex, associated with multisensory integration and recognition of personal information.
An evaluation model for aboveground biomass based on Hyperspectral Data from field and TM8 in Khorchin grassland, China
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Tian Meirong , Chen Xiuli , Fan Yongjun , Ma Jianjun , Xing Danlu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiomass is an important indicator for monitoring vegetation degradation and productivity. This study tests the applicability of Hyperspectral Remote-Sensing in situ measurements for high-precision estimation aboveground biomass (AGB) on regional scales of Khorchin grassland landscape in Inner Mongolia, China. Field experiments were carried out which collected hyperspectral data with a portable visible/NIR hyperspectral spectrometer (SOC 710), and collected aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Ground spectral models were then developed to estimate ANPP from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which was measured in the field following the same method as that of the Thematic Mapper(TM) from the Landsat 8 land imager (TM_NDVI). Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between ANPP and NDVI based on coefficients of determination (R2) and error analysis. The estimation of ANPP had unique optimal regression models. By comparing the different spectral inversion models, we selected an exponential model associating ANPP with NDVI (ANPP = 12.523*e3.370*(0.462*TM_NDVI+0.413), standard error = 24.74 g m-2, R2 = 0.636, P < 0.001). This study suggests that the model can be used to monitor the condition and estimate the productivity of grassland at regional scales. The results still show a high potential to map grassland degradation proxies on the ground hyperspectral model. Thus, this study presents biomass hyperspectral inversion technology to remotely detect and monitor grassland degradation and productivity at high precision.
ASM-Clust: classifying functionally diverse protein families using alignment score matrices
Authors: Speth Daan R. , Orphan Victoria J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRapid advances in sequencing technology have resulted in the availability of genomes from organisms across the tree of life. Accurately interpreting the function of proteins in these genomes is a major challenge, as annotation transfer based on homology frequently results in misannotation and error propagation. This challenge is especially pressing for organisms whose genomes are directly obtained from environmental samples, as interpretation of their physiology and ecology is often based solely on the genome sequence. For complex protein (super)families containing a large number of sequences, classification can be used to determine whether annotation transfer is appropriate, or whether experimental evidence for function is lacking. Here we present a novel computational approach for de novo classification of large protein (super)families, based on clustering an alignment score matrix obtained by aligning all sequences in the family to a small subset of the data. We evaluate our approach on the enolase family in the Structure Function Linkage Database.Availability and implementationASM-Clust is implemented in bash with helper scripts in perl. Scripts comprising ASM-Clust are available for download from https://github.com/dspeth/bioinfo_scripts/tree/master/ASM_clust/
Expression profiling of single cells and patient cohorts identifies multiple immunosuppressive pathways and an altered NK cell phenotype in glioblastoma
Authors: Close Helen J. , Stead Lucy F. , Nsengimana Jérémie , Reilly Katrina A. , Droop Alastair , Wurdak Heiko , Mathew Ryan K. , Corns Robert , Newton-Bishop Julia , Melcher Alan A. , Short Susan C. , Cook Graham P. , Wilson Erica B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. Generally viewed as weakly immunogenic, GBM responds poorly to current immunotherapies. To better understand this problem we used a combination of NK cell functional assays together with gene and protein expression profiling to define the NK cell response to GBM and explore immunosuppression in the GBM microenvironment. In addition, we used transcriptome data from patient cohorts to classify GBM according to immunological profiles. We show that glioma stem-like cells, a source of post-treatment tumour recurrence, express multiple immunomodulatory cell surface molecules and are targeted in preference to normal neural progenitor cells by natural killer (NK) cellsex vivo. In contrast, GBM-infiltrating NK cells express reduced levels of activation receptors within the tumour microenvironment, with hallmarks of TGF-β mediated inhibition. This NK cell inhibition is accompanied by expression of mutiple immune checkpoint molecules on T cells. Single cell transcriptomics demonstrated that both tumour and haematopoietic-derived cells in GBM express multiple, diverse mediators of immune evasion. Despite this, immunome analysis across a patient cohort identifies a spectrum of immunological activity in GBM, with active immunity marked by co-expression of immune effector molecules and feedback inhibitory mechanisms. Our data show that GBM is recognised by the immune system but that anti-tumour immunity is restrained by multiple immunosuppressive pathways, some of which operate in the healthy brain. The presence of immune activity in a subset of patients suggests that these patients will more likely benefit from combination immunotherapies directed against multiple immunosuppressive pathways.
Polygenic adaptation after a sudden change in environment
Authors: Hayward Laura K. , Sella Guy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolygenic adaptation is thought to be ubiquitous, yet remains poorly understood. Here, we model this process analytically, in the plausible setting of a highly polygenic, quantitative trait that experiences a sudden shift in the fitness optimum. We show how the mean phenotype changes over time, depending on the effect sizes of loci that contribute to variance in the trait, and characterize the allele dynamics at these loci. Importantly, we describe the two phases of the allele dynamics: a rapid phase in which directional selection introduces small frequency differences between alleles whose effects are aligned with or opposed to the shift, which ultimately lead to small differences in their probability of fixation during a second, longer phase, governed by stabilizing selection. As we discuss, our key results should hold in more general settings, and have important implications for efforts to identify the genetic basis of adaptation in humans and other species.
Orthogonal proteomic platforms and their implications for the stable classification of high-grade serous ovarian cancer subtypes
Authors: Thomas Stefani N. , Friedrich Betty , Schnaubelt Michael , Chan Daniel W. , Zhang Hui , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe National Cancer Institute (NCI) Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) has established a two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS/MS) workflow using isobaric tagging to compare protein abundance across samples. The workflow has been used for large-scale clinical proteomic studies with deep proteomic coverage within and outside of CPTAC. SWATH-MS, an instance of data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomic methods, was recently developed as an alternate proteomic approach. In this study, we analyzed remaining aliquots of peptides using SWATH-MS from the original retrospective TCGA samples generated for the CPTAC ovarian cancer proteogenomic study (Zhang et al., 2016). The SWATH-MS results indicated that both methods confidently identified differentially expressed proteins in enriched pathways associated with the robust Mesenchymal subtype of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and the homologous recombination deficient tumors also present in the original study. The results demonstrated that SWATH/DIA-MS presents a promising complementary or orthogonal alternative to the CPTAC harmonized proteomic method, with the advantages of simpler, faster, and cheaper workflows, as well as lower sample consumption. However, the SWATH/DIA-MS workflow resulted in shallower proteome coverage. Overall, we concluded that both analytical methods are suitable to characterize clinical samples such as in the high-grade serous ovarian cancer study, providing proteomic workflow alternatives for cancer researchers depending on the specific goals and context of the studies.
Effect of interactivity and congruence on brand advocacy and brand acceptance
Authors: Vashisht Devika 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the combined effect of game-interactivity and game-product congruence on consumers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance in the context of in-game advertising.

Design/methodology/approach
A 2 (interactivity: high or low)×2 (game-product congruence: high or low) between-subject measures design is used. In total, 140 students participated in the study. A 2×2 between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The results reveal that for a high-interactive game, congruent condition results in higher brand advocacy and superior brand acceptance than the incongruent condition. However, for a low-interactive game, both congruent and incongruent conditions will result in the same level of brand advocacy as well as equal levels of brand acceptance.

Research limitations/implications
This paper provides implications for theory as well as practice by providing the empirical evidence of the combined effect of game-interactivity and game-product congruence on consumers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance from the perspective of attention and elaboration. If higher brand advocacy and greater brand acceptance are the objectives of the brand managers, then a high interactive with congruent brand placements would be the right approach for effective advergames.

Originality/value
This investigation contributes to non-traditional advertising media literature, specifically to the area of branded entertainment, like brand placements in digital games by examining and exploring the influence of game-specific factors on players’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance. Moreover, this paper is one of the first to reveal the real-time roles of game-specific factors in generating gamers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance from the perspectives of attention and elaboration, in an emerging marketing context, like India.
Generalized self-efficacy of youth in the new territories
Authors: Spires Bob , Howington Eric , Rojewski Jay 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the generalized self-efficacy (GSE) of youth in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Youth issues have been at the forefront of political discourse in the region and often youth are presented in the media as having fundamental deficits, which are tied to growing inequality and lack of social mobility. This study offers more perspective of the characteristics of Hong Kong youth to contribute to the literature as well as influence the discourse on youth and youth issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a community survey of youth in the New Territories of Hong Kong with over 2000 respondents. The survey was based on a valid and reliable instrument on GSE to measure the GSE of youth in the region. GSE characteristics are analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s α for internal consistency, factor analysis to verify the dimensional nature of the scale. The relationships between GSE and age and gender were analyzed using multiple linear regression model.

Findings
Findings indicated that despite a slightly higher, yet statistically significant GSE scores for females, and little impact of age on GSE, Hong Kong youth have normal levels of GSE. This finding offers a counter to the pathologizing of youth’s individual characteristics, and implies the need for a shift in discourse toward more targeted examination of the structural issues that act as barriers to social mobility of today’s young people in Hong Kong.

Research limitations/implications
The study focused on GSE, which is correlated with other constructs such as confidence, but not established in causal relationships with other variables. More research is needed to link GSE and confidence in these groups, as well as links to structural issues that may impact various youth characteristics.

Practical implications
The study offers insight, which could be used to inform Non-Governmental Organizations and educational programs targeting disadvantaged youth. Programs that pathologize youth characteristics may be able to employ the findings to shift approaches toward more targeted skills-building as well as programming addressing structural barriers.

Social implications
The study offers a counter-narrative to the contemporary deficit view of today’s youth in Hong Kong. This study provides basis for shifting the discourse away from situating social issues in Hong Kong at the individual level with youth, and toward structural, societal level influences on inequality and social mobility of younger generations.

Originality/value
Although GSE has been measured across the globe, this study sought to target the GSE of a group that has been framed in the media and political discourse as lacking in a variety of important characteristics. This study’s findings offer a counter-narrative to the generally negative attitudes toward youth as shy, lacking in confidence, antisocial and without a strong work ethic.
The development of Catholic-State relations: harmony or conflict
Authors: Lin Yaotang Peter 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a brief survey on the Catholic Church in Taiwan since its establishment by the Spanish missionaries in 1662 until today on its internal development and external relationship with the government. It is interesting to discover that, mostly, the Church has a harmonious relationship with the government, except a very few cases in which its foreign missionaries following the social teaching of the Church antagonize the government. However, it does not affect the close relationship between the Church and government in Taiwan.

Design/methodology/approach
It is a qualitative research on archive and books to research on the events of the Catholic Church in Taiwan in the discipline of social sciences. Historical research is in the majority of events.

Findings
The finding is acceptable because it is one of the few writings on the Catholic Church in Taiwan when writing on the Protestant Churches in Taiwan is flooding.

Originality/value
This is a ground-breaking work with academic value.
Two cases of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy leading to rapid psychological improvement in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Oliver Mark A. , Selman Matthew , Brice Samuel , Alegbo Rebecca 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may have utility with this client group in routine clinical practice.

Design/methodology/approach
This uncontrolled double case study describes the targeting of ACT processes with people referred to a mental health service for people with intellectual disabilities because of distressing intrusive thoughts. It includes qualitative data to illustrate the opinions of the participants eight weeks after the end of therapy.

Findings
Both clients described rapid relief from distress, with some additional untargeted benefits emerging too. The participants provided follow-up qualitative data in which they described how the therapy had helped them as well as areas where it had not.

Research limitations/implications
This paper presents uncontrolled case studies selected from routine clinical practice. They were selected due to their similarity of outcome and will not represent the experience of every client treated this way.

Practical implications
The practical implications are that a therapy often considered to rely on the use of metaphors and the manipulation of complex metacognitions may be useful for people with more limited verbal and cognitive ability if the therapy is adapted to meet their level of ability.

Originality/value
There has been very little published on using ACT with an intellectual disabilities population. This paper has originality value in that it illustrates the application of the approach in routine clinical practice. Additionally, the qualitative follow-up allows the participants’ voices to be heard about their experience of this approach.
Exploring entrepreneurial characteristics among university students: an evidence from India
Authors: Anwar Imran , Saleem Imran 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the entrepreneurial characteristics among university students in India studying business and also comparing the levels of entrepreneurial characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and entrepreneurially not inclined students.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors included six entrepreneurial characteristics, namely, risk taking propensity, innovativeness, locus of control, need for achievement, general self-efficacy and tolerance for ambiguity to define the entrepreneurial profile of students. Convenient sampling was used for collecting the data using a seven-point Likert scale based on 38-items self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected from three universities of different cities, namely, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, CSJM University, Kanpur and KMCUAF University, Lucknow. In total, 300 questionnaires were distributed in each of the universities, and 719 questionnaires were found statistically suitable for the study. Students were asked the question “What career option are you planning to choose after completing your graduation?” to know the inclination of the students.FindingsResults of thet-test confirmed that levels of all the entrepreneurial characteristics are higher in entrepreneurially inclined students when compared to entrepreneurially not inclined students except in terms of general self-efficacy. Thus, entrepreneurially inclined students carry higher risk taking propensity, innovativeness, locus of control, need for achievement and tolerance for ambiguity.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is confined only to undergraduate students from business background, and only three universities were included in the sample. Further research can be done taking students from different streams, namely, engineering, science and technology and arts etc. University-wise studies can also be conducted with the view to bring comparability among the students in terms of levels of entrepreneurial characteristics based upon the inclination shown.Practical implicationsThis research provides the deeper understanding about what course contents are effective in developing entrepreneurial characteristics among the students and what are to be added with the view to raise potential entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to establishing the differences across different entrepreneurial characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and non-inclined undergraduate students.