bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamique du couvert végétal et implications socio-environnementales à la périphérie du parc W/Burkina Faso
Authors: Gansaonré Raogo Noël 
Published: August 2018

Les crises climatiques qu’a connues la zone sahélienne, notamment le Burkina Faso, ont eu des impacts sur l’environnement. Face à cela, des efforts de conservation ont été développés dans l’ensemble du pays à travers l’aménagement d’aires protégées. Cependant, les périphéries de ces aires connaissent une dégradation du couvert végétal. Cette étude visait à appréhender la dynamique du couvert végétal à la périphérie du parc W et ses implications sociales et environnementales. La méthodologie mise en œuvre a consisté à l’interprétation d’images satellitaires et à l’analyse de données collectées à l’aide de questionnaires adressés à 114 chefs de ménage. Des images Landsat de 1984 et de 2015 de 30 mètres de résolution ont été classifiées en utilisant la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance. Les résultats montrent que 48,26 % de la superficie de la commune de Diapaga ont connu une dégradation, tandis que 40,38 % et 11,36 % sont respectivement en état de stabilité et d’amélioration. Cette évolution est bien perçue par les populations locales, puisque plus de 80 % des personnes interrogées perçoivent une dégradation du couvert végétal. La corrélation de Kendall a permis de voir que la perception de l’évolution de la densité du couvert végétal dépend de la distance par rapport au parc. Les implications socio-environnementales concernent l’amplification des conflits et les infractions dans le parc W. Dès lors, il convient de mener davantage d’investigations pour une meilleure appréhension des facteurs qui influencent la dynamique du couvert végétal dans la zone d’étude.
Rapport femme-forêt : vers un écoféminisme de la complexité
Authors: Taha Nkoum Marie Nicole 
Published: August 2018

La dégradation de l’environnement constitue l’une des problématiques les plus cruciales du moment, les mécanismes et stratégies pour l’endiguer suscitent encore un certain nombre de débats houleux. L’une des approches privilégiées pour enrayer ce phénomène reste donc la résilience qui permet aux écosystèmes dégradés de retrouver relativement leur intégrité écologique initiale. Cependant, la contribution des femmes qui sont pourtant parmi les couches de la population les plus vulnérables et les plus touchées par cette dégradation reste très peu documentée et donc très peu valorisée. La grande majorité des productions scientifiques au sein des interfaces entre féminisme et écologie bien que constructifs restent très fortement entachées par une sorte de bataille de dualisme, commun à un certain discours scientifique dont la méthode nous semble quelque peu dépassée, ayant donc pour conséquence, d’éroder le substrat même de l’immense contribution desdites approches scientifiques sur la question. Il semble donc urgent et pertinent de regrouper ces contributions en une seule et même approche fondée sur une réflexion de la pensée complexe et sa place dans l’interface féminisme et écologie, approche que nous nommerons ici, « écoféminisme de la complexité ». Cette proposition nous semble d’autant plus pertinente qu’elle permettra de définir une plateforme de valorisation et de capitalisation des initiatives féminines de transformation positive des écosystèmes, en l’occurrence (pour les besoins de cet article) l’expérience de résilience des femmes maraîchères de la forêt classée de Mbao dans la banlieue dakaroise au Sénégal.
Impact of the foundation program and high school grade in predicting the cumulative grade point average (CGPA) among the graduates of the nursing program at the Ministry of Health Educational Institutes in Oman
Authors: Alghenaimi Said A. , Al-Saadi Maiyasa G. , Al Reesi Hamed K. 
Published: August 2018

Background and objective: Higher education has witnessed significant changes in order to provide quality education that meets the needs of the 21st century. To be in par with international best practices, the foundation program was established to prepare the high school leavers for higher education in Oman, a middle-eastern country. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the relationship between students’ high school scores and their cumulative grade point average (CGPA) among the graduates of the nursing program in Oman, and (2) compare the CGPA of the student who attended the general foundation program (GFP) compared to the ones who did not attend the GFP. Methods: Secondary data analysis approach was used to access the alumni files one year before and one year after the implementation of the GFP. A retrospective approach was used to gather data from the alumni files, which included high school grade, whether the graduates have attended the foundation program or not, their first year Grade point average (GPA), and their CGPA.Results: Six hundred twenty-seven (n = 627) graduates were recruited from two cohorts, one attended the GFP (n = 287; 45.8%) and the others did not attend the GFP (n = 340; 54.2%). Majority of the participants who were included in this study were female graduate (n = 535; 85.3%). The students who attended the GFP were found to have higher first year GPA and higher CGPA compared to those who did not attend the GFP. High Diploma Scores and First Year GPA were significant predictors of the graduation CGPA of the graduates who did not enroll in the GFP whereas First Year GPA was the main predictors of the CGPA of the graduates who attended the GFP. It was also obvious that the first year GPA showed a higher significant correlation with CGPA among GFP attenders (r = 0.912, p < .01) in comparison to non GFP attenders (r = 0.775, p < .01).Conclusions: This study sheds light into the impact of foundation program on the overall students’ performance in the nursing program. It significantly reveals that GFP, has a positive impact on the overall CGPA, as it equipped the students with the necessary study skills and increased their English proficiency levels.
L’image de la Grande Faucheuse et sa subversion humoristique. Une étude exploratoire
Authors: Lévy Joseph Josy 
Published: August 2018

La Grande Faucheuse, l’une des figures thanatiques de l’iconographie occidentale, a souvent été utilisée dans la création artistique et cinématographique. Elle a aussi fait l’objet d’une réinterprétation humoristique que cet article se propose d’explorer à partir d’exemples contemporains (cinéma, bande dessinée et dessins disponibles sur Internet). L’analyse met en évidence les stratégies scénographiques et discursives pour créer des effets humoristiques (incongruité, agressivité, quiproquo, etc.) qui visent à humaniser la mort en explorant les enjeux et les dilemmes que la Grande Faucheuse rencontre dans son existence et ses fonctions.
Iodine‐Promoted One‐pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted 4‐Aminopyrroles and Bis‐4‐aminopyrrole from Aryl Methyl Ketones, Arylamines, and Enamines
Authors: Jalani Hitesh B. , Mali Jyotirling R. , Park Hyejun , Lee Jae Kyun , Lee Kiho , Lee Kyeong , Choi Yongseok 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn iodine‐promoted one‐pot synthesis of functionally diverse and highly substituted 4‐aminopyrroles directly from aryl methyl ketones, arylamines, and enamines was developed. The reaction involves in‐situ oxidation of aryl methyl ketone to glyoxal, subsequent imine formation by aniline, followed by nucleophilic addition of enamine, and cyclization to afford highly substituted 4‐aminopyrroles. This reaction involved the formation of two C−N bonds and one C−C bond by a formal [1+1+3] annulation approach. The present method provides an interesting framework of two 4‐aminopyrrole units directly attached to a biphenyl core by the reaction of 4,4′‐diacyl biphenyl, amine, and enamine groups. This Hantzsch‐type one‐pot reaction provides diverse 4‐aminopyrroles, which could be useful in medicinal/material chemistry.magnified image
An insight towards anticancer potential of major coffee constituents
Authors: Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Tabrez Shams , Shakil Shazi , Zaidi Syed Kashif , Khan Fayaz Rahman , Araújo Lidiane da Silva , de Meneses Ag‐Anne Pereira Melo , Santos José Victor de Oliveira , Melo‐Cavalcante Ana Amélia de Carvalho 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCancer is a complex disease that transforms a normal cell into a malignant cell by disturbing different molecular mechanisms. Lately, plant‐derived bioactive products have gained prominent attention to serve as anti‐cancer agents. These natural anti‐neoplastic agents are believed to act as alternatives for the synthetic drugs or could be used to enhance the prospect of other drugs in reducing their dose, thus limiting their possible toxic effects. They could also counterbalance the other anti‐cancer drug‐induced adverse effects. Among natural plant‐derived products, coffee has been reported for its significant anti‐carcinogenic effects in the scientific literature. This article aims to highlight the anti‐cancer potential of different coffee components viz. caffeic acid, chlorogenic acids, caffeine (1,3,7‐trimethylxanthine), cafestol, ferulic acid, and kahweol together in a single article. Based on our article, it is quite clear that these bioactive components have important therapeutic potentials against cancerous cells. However, the lack of clinical data negates their use in humans. Therefore, more research is recommended to achieve the desired pharmaceutical value. We also implore assessing their safety and possible adverse effects prior to their progress into clinical trials. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(4):315–326, 2018
Recent Advances in Hydrometallation of Alkenes and Alkynes via the First Row Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Guo Jun , Lu Zhan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHydrometallation of alkenes and alkynes provides a straightforward route to access alkyl‐ or alkenyl‐metal reagents, which have a wide range of applications in organic transformations. In recent years, the first row transition metals (such as copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, etc.) have emerged high activity and selectivity in this area with the aid of a variety of ligands. This review covers the recent advances in the hydrometallation of minimally functionalized unsaturated C—C bonds (including alkenes, alkynes, dienes, allenes, enynes, etc.), as well as transformations involving catalytic hydrometallation process via the first row transition metal catalysis.
Polydimethylsiloxane Sponge‐Supported Nanometer Gold: Highly Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling in Water
Authors: Liang Weiwei , Zhang Teng , Liu Yufei , Huang Yuxing , Liu Zhipeng , Liu Yizhen , Yang Bo , Zhou Xuechang , Zhang Junmin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, a stable hydrophobic polymer material) sponge‐supported nanometer‐sized gold can be used as a highly efficient recyclable catalyst for cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of tertiary amines with various nucleophiles in water. This PDMS sponge nanometer gold catalyst can provide much better activity than the free nanometer gold in water. The reaction can be scaled up by using an easy‐to‐build continuous flow reactor. These results indicate the potential application of porous hydrophobic PDMS sponge material as a promising support for highly efficient recyclable catalysts in water.
Synergistic Effect in Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution by RGO‐Supported Nickel Molybdenum Catalysts
Authors: Sharma Lalita , Halder Aditi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSynergistic effect in electrocatalysis is an important phenomenon for controlling the adsorptive‐absorptive interaction on the catalytic surfaces and hence to determining the rate determining step of the electrochemical reaction. In this article, we develop a unique one step solution phase method for the synthesis of the Ni nanoparticles, MoOx nanorods and Ni_MoOx nanospikes respectively on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Our study shows that Ni_MoOx nanospikes supported on RGO exhibit better photoelectrochemical activities with photocurrent of 160 μA cm−2 as well as visible light driven HER with Tafel slope of only 95 mV dec−1 where unsupported Ni_MoOx has very high tafel slope of 295 mV dec−1. The cumulative effect of both MoOx and RGO improves the electrochemical performance of the catalyst Ni_MoOx/RGO drastically. Our study shows that RGO controls not only the growth of nanospikes morphology, but also enhances the photoelectrochemical performance by promoting efficient charge transfer between the active Ni_MoOx nanospikes and the conducting graphene network.
Integrating design thinking with sustainability science: a Research through Design approach
Authors: Maher Ray , Maher Melanie , Mann Samuel , McAlpine Clive A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Design disciplines have a long history of creating well-integrated solutions to challenges which are complex, uncertain and contested by multiple stakeholders. Society faces similar challenges in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals, so design methods hold much potential. While principles of good design are well established, there has been limited integration of design thinking with sustainability science. To advance this integration, we examine the process of designing MetaMAP: an interactive graphic tool for collaborating to understand social–ecological systems and design well-integrated solutions. MetaMAP was created using Research through Design methods which integrate creative and scientific thinking. By applying design thinking, researchers and practitioners from different backgrounds undertook multiple cycles of problem framing, solution development, testing and reflection. The testing was highly collaborative involving over 150 people from diverse disciplines in workshops, case studies, interviews and critique. Reflecting on this process, we discuss design principles and opportunities for integrating design thinking with sustainability science to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals.
DHA and 19,20-EDP induce lysosomal-proteolytic-dependent cytotoxicity through de novo ceramide production in H9c2 cells with a glycolytic profile
Authors: Endo Tomoko , Samokhvalov Victor , Darwesh Ahmed M. , Khey Kevin M. W. , El-Sherbeni Ahmed A. , El-Kadi Ayman O. S. , Machida Takuji , Hirafuji Masahiko , Seubert John M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their CYP-derived metabolites, epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs), are important fatty acids obtained from dietary sources. While it is known that they have significant biological effects, which can differ between cell type and disease state, our understanding of how they work remains limited. Previously, we demonstrated that DHA and 19,20-EDP triggered pronounced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells correlating with increased ceramide production. In this study, we examine whether DHA- and 19,20-EDP-induced cell death depends on the type of metabolism (glycolysis or OXPHOS). We cultivated H9c2 cells in distinct conditions that result in either glycolytic or oxidative metabolism. Our major findings suggest that DHA and its epoxy metabolite, 19,20-EDP, trigger cytotoxic effects toward H9c2 cells with a glycolytic metabolic profile. Cell death occurred through a mechanism involving activation of a lysosomal-proteolytic degradation pathway. Importantly, accumulation of ceramide played a critical role in the susceptibility of glycolytic H9c2 cells to cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our data suggest that an alteration in the cellular metabolic profile is a major factor determining the type and magnitude of cellular toxic response. Together, the novelty of this study demonstrates that DHA and 19,20-EDP induce cell death in H9c2 cells with a glycolytic metabolicwct 2 profile through a lysosomal-proteolytic mechanism.
Evolutionary, structural and expression analysis of core genes involved in starch synthesis
Authors: Qu Jianzhou , Xu Shutu , Zhang Zhengquan , Chen Guangzhou , Zhong Yuyue , Liu Linsan , Zhang Renhe , Xue Jiquan , Guo Dongwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStarch is the main storage carbohydrate in plants and an important natural resource for food, feed and industrial raw materials. However, the details regarding the pathway for starch biosynthesis and the diversity of biosynthetic enzymes involved in this process are poorly understood. This study uses a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of 74 sequenced plant genomes to revisit the evolutionary history of the genes encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthase (SS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and starch de-branching enzyme (DBE). Additionally, the protein structures and expression patterns of these four core genes in starch biosynthesis were studied to determine their functional differences. The results showed that AGPase, SS, SBE and DBE have undergone complicated evolutionary processes in plants and that gene/genome duplications are responsible for the observed differences in isoform numbers. A structure analysis of these proteins suggested that the deletion/mutation of amino acids in some active sites resulted in not only structural variation but also sub-functionalization or neo-functionalization. Expression profiling indicated that AGPase-, SS-, SBE- and DBE-encoding genes exhibit spatio-temporally divergent expression patterns related to the composition of functional complexes in starch biosynthesis. This study provides a comprehensive atlas of the starch biosynthetic pathway, and these data should support future studies aimed at increasing understanding of starch biosynthesis and the functional evolutionary divergence of AGPase, SS, SBE, and DBE in plants.
Characterization of human peritoneal monocyte/macrophage subsets in homeostasis: Phenotype, GATA6, phagocytic/oxidative activities and cytokines expression
Authors: Ruiz-Alcaraz Antonio José , Carmona-Martínez Violeta , Tristán-Manzano María , Machado-Linde Francisco , Sánchez-Ferrer María Luisa , García-Peñarrubia Pilar , Martínez-Esparza María 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPeritoneal macrophages play a critical role in the control of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Although recent progress on murine peritoneal macrophages has revealed multiple aspects on their origin and mechanisms involved in their maintenance in this compartment, little is known on the characteristics of human peritoneal macrophages in homeostasis. Here, we have studied by flow cytometry several features of human peritoneal macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity of healthy women. Three peritoneal monocyte/macrophage subsets were established on the basis of CD14/CD16 expression (CD14++CD16−, CD14++CD16+ and CD14highCD16high), and analysis of CD11b, CD11c, CD40, CD62L, CD64, CD80, CD86, CD116, CD119, CD206, HLA-DR and Slan was carried out in each subpopulation. Intracellular expression of GATA6 and cytokines (pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α, anti-inflammatory IL-10) as well as their phagocytic/oxidative activities were also analyzed, in an attempt to identify genuine resident peritoneal macrophages. Results showed that human peritoneal macrophages are heterogeneous regarding their phenotype, cell complexity and functional abilities. A direct relationship of CD14/CD16 expression, intracellular content of GATA6, and activation/maturation markers like CD206 and HLA-DR, support that the CD14highCD16high subset represents the mature phenotype of steady-state human resident peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, increased expression of CD14/CD16 is also related to the phagocytic activity.
Magnetic induction dependence of Hall resistance in Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Toyoda Tadashi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuantum Hall effects (QHE) are observed in two-dimensional electron systems realised in semiconductors and graphene. In QHE the Hall resistance exhibits plateaus as a function of magnetic induction. In the fractional quantum Hall effects (FQHE) the values of the Hall resistance on plateaus are h/e2 divided by rational fractions, where −e is the electron charge and h is the Planck constant. The magnetic induction dependence of the Hall resistance is the strongest experimental evidence for FQHE. Nevertheless a quantitative theory of the magnetic induction and temperature dependence of the Hall resistance is still missing. Here we constructed a model for the Hall resistance as a function of magnetic induction, chemical potential and temperature. We assume phenomenological perturbation terms in the single-electron energy spectrum. The perturbation terms successively split a Landau level into sublevels, whose reduced degeneracies cause the fractional quantization of Hall resistance. The model yields all 75 odd-denominator fractional plateaus that have been experimentally found. The calculated magnetic induction dependence of the Hall resistance is consistent with experiments. This theory shows that the Fermi liquid theory is valid for FQHE.
SLO potassium channels antagonize premature decision making in C. elegans
Authors: Aoki Ichiro , Tateyama Michihiro , Shimomura Takushi , Ihara Kunio , Kubo Yoshihiro , Nakano Shunji , Mori Ikue 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAnimals must modify their behavior with appropriate timing to respond to environmental changes. Yet, the molecular and neural mechanisms regulating the timing of behavioral transition remain largely unknown. By performing forward genetics to reveal mechanisms that underlie the plasticity of thermotaxis behavior in C. elegans, we demonstrated that SLO potassium channels and a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, CNG-3, determine the timing of transition of temperature preference after a shift in cultivation temperature. We further revealed that SLO and CNG-3 channels act in thermosensory neurons and decelerate alteration in the responsiveness of these neurons, which occurs prior to the preference transition after a temperature shift. Our results suggest that regulation of sensory adaptation is a major determinant of latency before animals make decisions to change their behavior.
Hard X-ray properties of NuSTAR blazars
Authors: Bhatta Gopal , Mohorian Maksym , Bilinsky Illya 
Published: August 2018

Context. Investigation of the hard X-ray emission properties of blazars is key to the understanding of the central engine of the sources and associated jet process. In particular, simultaneous spectral and timing analyses of the intraday hard X-ray observations provide us a means to peer into the compact innermost blazar regions that are not accessible to our current instruments.
Aims. The primary objective of the work is to associate the observed hard X-ray variability properties in blazars with their flux and spectral states, thereby, based on the correlation among these states, extract the details about the emission regions and processes occurring near the central engine.
Methods. We carried out timing, spectral, and cross-correlation analysis of 31 NuSTAR observations of 13 blazars. We investigated the spectral shapes of the sources using single power-law, broken power-law, and log-parabola models. We also studied the co-relation between the soft and hard emission using z-transformed discrete correlation function. In addition, we attempted to constrain the smallest emission regions using minimum variability timescales derived from the light curves.
Results. We found that, for most of the sources, the hard X-ray emission can be well represented by the log-parabola model and that the spectral slopes for different blazar subclasses are consistent with the so-called blazar sequence. We also report the steepest spectra (Γ ∼ 3) in the BL Lacertae PKS 2155–304 and the hardest spectra (Γ ∼ 1.4) in the flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 2149–306. In addition, we noted a close connection between the flux and spectral slope within the source subclass in the sense that high flux and/or flux states tend to be harder in spectra. In BL Lacertae objects, assuming particle acceleration by diffusive shocks and synchrotron cooling as the dominant processes governing the observed flux variability, we constrain the magnetic field of the emission region to be a few Gauss; whereas in flat-spectrum radio quasars, using external Compton models, we estimate the energy of the lower end of the injected electrons to be a few Lorentz factors.