bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multidisciplinary approach for the quantitative provenance analysis of siltstone: Mesozoic Mandawa Basin, southeastern Tanzania
Authors: Caracciolo L. , Andò S. , Vermeesch P. , Garzanti E. , McCabe R. , Barbarano M. , Paleari C. , Rittner M. , Pearce T. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This paper shows how heavy minerals and single-grain varietal studies can be conducted on silt (representing
c.
50% of world's sediments) sediments to obtain quantitative data as efficiently as for sand-sized sediments. The analytical workflows include heavy mineral separation using a wide grain-size window (15–355 μ) analysed through integrated optical analysis, Raman spectroscopy, QEMSCAN microscopy and U–Pb dating of detrital zircon. Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous silt-sized sediments from the Mandawa Basin of central-southern Tanzania have been selected for the scope of this research. Raman-aided heavy mineral analysis reveals garnet and apatite to be the most common minerals together with durable zircon, tourmaline and subordinate rutile. Accessory but diagnostic phases are titanite, staurolite, epidote and monazite. Etch pits on garnet and cockscomb features on staurolite document the significant effect of diagenesis on the pristine heavy mineral assemblage. Multivariate statistical analysis highlights a close association among durable minerals (zircon, tourmaline and rutile, ZTR) while garnet and apatite plot alone reflecting independence between the three groups of variables with garnet increasing in Jurassic samples. Raman data for garnet end-member analysis document different associations between Jurassic (richer in A, Bi and Bii types) and Cretaceous (dominant A, Ci and Cii types) samples. U–Pb dating of detrital zircon and their statistical integration with the above-mentioned datasets provide further insights into changes in provenance and/or drainage systems. Metamorphic rocks of the early and late Pan-African orogeny terranes of the Mozambique Belt and those of the Irumide Belt acted as main source of sediment during the Jurassic. Cretaceous sediments record a broadening of the drainage system reaching as far as the Usagran–Ubendian Belt and the Tanzanian Archean Craton.
Spreading depolarization and neuronal damage or survival in mouse neocortical brain slices immediately and 12 hours following middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Petrin Dylan , Gagolewicz Peter J. , Mehder Rasha H. , Bennett Brian M. , Jin Albert Y. , Andrew R. David 
Published: February 2019

Whereas many studies have examined the properties of the compromised neocortex in the first several days following ischemia, there is less information regarding the initial 12 h poststroke. In this study we examined live mouse neocortical slices harvested immediately and 12 h after a 30-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). We compared nonischemic and ischemic hemispheres with regard to the propensity for tissue swelling and for generating spreading depolarization (SD), as well as evoked synaptic responses and single pyramidal neuron electrophysiological properties. We observed spontaneous SD in 7% of slices on the nonstroked side and 25% in the stroked side following the 30-min MCAo. Spontaneous SD was rare in 12-h recovery slices. The region of the ischemic core and surround in slices was not susceptible to SD induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. At the neuronal level, neocortical gray matter is surprisingly unaltered in brain slices harvested immediately poststroke. However, by 12 h, the fields of pyramidal and striatal neurons that comprise the infarcted core are electrophysiologically silent because the majority are morphologically devastated. Yet, there remains a subset of diffusely distributed “healthy” pyramidal neurons in the core at 12 h post-MCAo that persist for days poststroke. Their intact electrophysiology and dendritic morphology indicate a surprisingly selective resilience to stroke at the neuronal level. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is generally accepted that the injured core region of the brain resulting from a focal stroke contains no functioning neurons. Our study shows that some neurons, although surrounded by devastated neighbors, can maintain their structure and electrical activity. This surprising finding raises the possibility of discovering how these neurons are protected to pinpoint new strategies for reducing stroke injury.
Neural signatures of reward and sensory error feedback processing in motor learning
Authors: Palidis Dimitrios J. , Cashaback Joshua G. A. , Gribble Paul L. 
Published: February 2019

At least two distinct processes have been identified by which motor commands are adapted according to movement-related feedback: reward-based learning and sensory error-based learning. In sensory error-based learning, mappings between sensory targets and motor commands are recalibrated according to sensory error feedback. In reward-based learning, motor commands are associated with subjective value, such that successful actions are reinforced. We designed two tasks to isolate reward- and sensory error-based motor adaptation, and we used electroencephalography in humans to identify and dissociate the neural correlates of reward and sensory error feedback processing. We designed a visuomotor rotation task to isolate sensory error-based learning that was induced by altered visual feedback of hand position. In a reward learning task, we isolated reward-based learning induced by binary reward feedback that was decoupled from the visual target. A fronto-central event-related potential called the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was elicited specifically by binary reward feedback but not sensory error feedback. A more posterior component called the P300 was evoked by feedback in both tasks. In the visuomotor rotation task, P300 amplitude was increased by sensory error induced by perturbed visual feedback and was correlated with learning rate. In the reward learning task, P300 amplitude was increased by reward relative to nonreward and by surprise regardless of feedback valence. We propose that during motor adaptation the FRN specifically reflects a reward-based learning signal whereas the P300 reflects feedback processing that is related to adaptation more generally. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied the event-related potentials evoked by feedback stimuli during motor adaptation tasks that isolate reward- and sensory error-based learning mechanisms. We found that the feedback-related negativity was specifically elicited by binary reward feedback, whereas the P300 was observed in both tasks. These results reveal neural processes associated with different learning mechanisms and elucidate which classes of errors, from a computational standpoint, elicit the feedback-related negativity and P300.
Quantification of vibrissal mechanical properties across the rat mystacial pad
Authors: Yang Anne En-Tzu , Belli Hayley M. , Hartmann Mitra J. Z. 
Published: February 2019

Recent work has quantified the geometric parameters of individual rat vibrissae (whiskers) and developed equations that describe how these parameters vary as a function of row and column position across the array. This characterization included a detailed quantification of whisker base diameter and arc length as well as the geometry of the whisker medulla. The present study now uses these equations for whisker geometry to quantify several properties of the whisker that govern its mechanical behavior. We first show that the average density of a whisker is lower in its proximal region than in its distal region. This density variation appears to be largely attributable to the presence of the whisker cuticle rather than the medulla. The density variation has very little effect on the center of mass of the whisker. We next show that the presence of the medulla decreases the deflection of the whisker under its own weight and also decreases its mass moment of inertia while sacrificing <1% stiffness at the whisker base compared with a solid whisker. Finally, we quantify two dimensionless parameters across the array. First, the deflection-to-length ratio decreases from caudal to rostral: caudal whiskers are longer but deflect more under their own weight. Second, the nondimensionalized radius of gyration is approximately constant across the array, which may simplify control of whisking by the intrinsic muscles. We anticipate that future work will exploit the mechanical properties computed in the present study to improve simulations of the mechanosensory signals associated with vibrissotactile exploratory behavior. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanical signals transmitted by a whisker depend critically on its geometry. We used measurements of whisker geometry and mass to quantify the center of mass, mass moment of inertia, radius of gyration, and deflection under gravity of the whisker. We describe how variations in these quantities across the array could enhance sensing behaviors while reducing energy costs and simplifying whisking control. Most importantly, we provide derivations for these quantities for use in future simulation work.
HDAC1 Is a Required Cofactor of CBFβ-SMMHC and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Inversion 16 Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Richter Lisa E. , Wang Yiqian , Becker Michelle E. , Coburn Rachel A. , Williams Jacob T. , Amador Catalina , Hyde R. Katherine 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a neoplastic disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid cells. A common mutation in AML is the inversion of chromosome 16 [inv (16)], which generates a fusion between the genes for core binding factor beta (CBFB) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene (MYH11), forming the oncogene CBFB-MYH11. The expressed protein, CBFβ-SMMHC, forms a heterodimer with the key hematopoietic transcription factor RUNX1. Although CBFβ-SMMHC was previously thought to dominantly repress RUNX1, recent work suggests that CBFβ-SMMHC functions together with RUNX1 to activate transcription of specific target genes. However, the mechanism of this activity or a requirement for additional cofactors is not known. Here, we show that the epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) forms a complex with CBFβ-SMMHC, colocalizes with RUNX1 and CBFβ-SMMHC on the promoters of known fusion protein target genes, and that Hdac1 is required for expression of these genes. These results imply that HDAC1 is an important component of the CBFβ-SMMHC transcriptional complex, and that leukemia cells expressing the fusion protein may be sensitive to treatment with HDAC1 inhibitors. Using a knock-in mouse model expressing CBFβ-SMMHC, we found that in vivo treatment with the HDAC1 inhibitor entinostat decreased leukemic burden, and induced differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia cells. Together, these results demonstrate that HDAC1 is an important cofactor of CBFβ-SMMHC and a potential therapeutic target in inv (16) AML.

Implications:
This report describes a novel role for HDAC1 as a cofactor for the leukemogenic fusion protein CBFβ-SMMHC and shows that inhibitors of HDAC1 effectively target leukemia cells expressing the fusion protein in vivo.
Opposing Roles of the Forkhead Box Factors FoxM1 and FoxA2 in Liver Cancer
Authors: Chand Vaibhav , Pandey Akshay , Kopanja Dragana , Guzman Grace , Raychaudhuri Pradip 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The forkhead box transcription factor FoxM1 is essential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, and its overexpression coincides with poor prognosis. Here, we show that the mechanisms by which FoxM1 drives HCC progression involve overcoming the inhibitory effects of the liver differentiation gene FoxA2. First, the expression patterns of FoxM1 and FoxA2 in human HCC are opposite. We show that FoxM1 represses expression of FoxA2 in G1 phase. Repression of FoxA2 in G1 phase is important, as it is capable of inhibiting expression of the pluripotency genes that are expressed mainly in S–G2 phases. Using a transgenic mouse model for oncogenic Ras-driven HCC, we provide genetic evidence for a repression of FoxA2 by FoxM1. Conversely, FoxA2 inhibits expression of FoxM1 and inhibits FoxM1-induced tumorigenicity. Also, FoxA2 inhibits Ras-induced HCC progression that involves FoxM1.

Implications:
The observations provide strong genetic evidence for an opposing role of FoxM1 and FoxA2 in HCC progression. Moreover, FoxM1 drives high-grade HCC progression partly by inhibiting the hepatocyte differentiation gene FoxA2.
СТАН АДЕНІЛАТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЕРИТРОЦИТІВ ЩУРІВ-САМОК ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ТЕСТОСТЕРОНУ ТА ЕСТРАДІОЛУ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ГІПЕРАКТИВНОГО СЕЧОВОГО МІХУРА
Authors: Iatsyna O. I. , Vastianov R. S. , Diachkova N. V. , Kharkhota M. A. 
Published: February 2019

Вступ. Поширеність симптомокомплексу гіперактивного сечового міхура (ГАСМ), особливо серед жінок перед- та менопаузального віку, складність лікування зумовлені тим, що механізми його розвитку остаточно не визначено. Застосування в клінічній практиці гормональних препаратів потребує патогенетичного обґрунтування. Зазначені процеси вимагають єдиного підходу до їх уточнення, що диктує необхідність створення експериментальної моделі з дослідженням аденілової системи.
Мета дослідження – вивчити зміну кількісних показників аденілатної системи еритроцитів щурів-самок при корекції експериментального гіперактивного сечового міхура тестостероном та естрадіолом.
Методи дослідження. Досліди проводили на 50 щурах-самках лінії Вістар, яких поділили на 4 групи: 1-ша (n=10) – інтактні тварини; 2-га (n=10) – тварини з експериментальним ГАСМ, яким фармакологічної корекції не проводили; 3-тя (n=20) – тварини, яким моделювали ГАСМ, у цій групі формували 2 підгрупи і виконували корекцію тестостероном та естрадіолом відповідно; 4-та (n=10) – тварини, яким вводили композицію тестостерону й естрадіолу. Статеві гормони вводили в дозах 1,0 мг/особину тестостерону і 0,2 мг/особину естрадіолу з розрахунку на середню масу. Гіперактивний сечовий міхур моделювали шляхом внутрішньочеревного введення препарату “Хомвіотензін” (Німеччина) щодня протягом 2-х тижнів у дозі 0,45 мг/кг маси тіла з розрахунку на діючу речовину резерпін. У крові, використовуючи хроматограф Agilent 1200 (Agilent Technologies, США), визначали вміст аденілових нуклеотидів (АТФ, АДФ, АМФ) та їх співвідношення.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено суттєве порушення вмісту аденілових нуклеотидів при ГАСМ: вірогідне зниження рівня АТФ та АМФ при підвищенні АДФ, що сприяло різкому зменшенню загального вмісту досліджуваних нуклеотидів на 50,2 %. Під впливом тестостерону та естрадіолу відновлювались кількісні показники вмісту АТФ, АДФ та АМФ в еритроцитах, що свідчило про протекторну дію статевих гормонів на енергетичний профіль.
Висновок. При експериментальному гіперактивному сечовому міхурі виявлено різке зниження рівня АТФ і АМФ та підвищення рівня АДФ, що викликало динамічні коливання енергетичного заряду й енергетичного клітинного потенціалу. Це свідчить про розвиток дефіциту високоенергетичних фосфатних сполук, підтверджуючи виснаження аденілатної системи АТФ – АДФ – АМФ при ГАСМ. Андроген-естрогенна дія при експериментальному гіперактивному сечовому міхурі проявляє патогенетичну спрямованість протекторного впливу на відновлення енергетичних ресурсів клітин, нормалізуючи всі компоненти аденілатної системи еритроцитів, особливо АТФ.
Companion Animals in Health-Promoting Work-Life
Authors: Rambaree Komalsingh , Sjöberg Stefan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Despite a growing number of studies on human–animal interactions, empirical data focusing on companion animals within the context of health-promoting work-life are still limited. This article presents an analysis and discussion based on the perceptions of 22 students and staff from the University of Gävle in Sweden on the potential of companion animals for supportive functions in health-promoting work-life, as well as on the possible challenges of having companion animals on the premises of the University. Based on the findings, this article proposes that companion animals can indeed play vital supportive functions in health-promoting work-life, which are presented in the text as “forcing function,” “communication companion,” and “social skills.” However, this article also highlights the socio-economic, legal, and organizational challenges that need to be carefully considered and worked out for having companion animals in the workplace, such as in a university.
Understanding Iranian Livestock Breeders’ Intentions and Behavior Regarding Nonhuman Animal Welfare
Authors: Salari Fatemeh , Yazdanpanah Masoud , Yaghoubi Jafar , Forouzani Masoumeh 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
While there is a large body of literature on the behavior of stockpersons with regard to nonhuman animal welfare in developed countries, no such study has yet been carried out in the developing countries. This study uses an extended model of the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict stockpersons’ intentions and behavior regarding animal welfare. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The population of interest consisted of stockpersons in the Sirjan district in the Kerman province, Iran. We found that attitude, moral norms, and perceived behavioral control are significant predictors of intention regarding animal welfare. These three variables predicted 36% of the variance in animal welfare intentions. Furthermore, regression revealed that intention, moral norms, and perceived behavioral control are significant predictors of behavior regarding animal welfare. These three variables predicted 39% of the variance in animal welfare behavior.
Problem solving capabilities of peach-fronted conures (Eupsittula aurea) studied with the string-pulling test
Authors: Torres Ortiz Sara , Maxwell Alyssa , Krasheninnikova Anastasia , Wahlberg Magnus , Larsen Ole Næsbye 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The problem-solving capabilities of four small parrots (peach-fronted conures, Eupsittula aurea) were investigated using string-pulling tests. In seven different tasks, one string was baited following a randomized order. The parrots could retrieve the food reward after a wrong choice as the choice was not forced. Additionally, we applied a non-intuitive pulley task with the strings arranged in front of, instead of below the birds. All four parrots performed very well in the multiple, slanted, and broken string tasks, but all failed in the crossed-string task. Only two parrots solved the single pulley task. All four parrots performed successfully in the multiple pulley task but all failed in the broken pulley condition. Our results suggest that peach-fronted conures solve string-pulling tasks without relying on simple proximity based rules, but that they have evolved cognitive abilities enabling goal-directedness, the understanding of functionality, and a concept of connectedness between two objects.
Maternal nest-site choice does not affect egg hatching success in an invasive turtle population
Authors: Lloyd Robin B. , Warner Daniel A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Embryos of many oviparous organisms are sensitive to conditions within their nest, and maternal nesting behaviours could potentially buffer embryos from suboptimal developmental environments. Thus, maternal behaviour could influence how organisms respond to novel environments. We studied an invasive population of red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) in Oregon, USA to determine if maternal choice of nest microhabitat facilitates development in environments outside the native range. We show that females nested on relatively shallow slopes and used open microhabitats compared to random sites. However, by splitting eggs from clutches between maternally-chosen nests and randomly-selected “nest sites”, we show that egg hatching success was low overall (32.8%) and was not influenced by maternal nest-site choice. Our study highlights the importance of understanding how maternal nesting behaviour and survival during early life stages (e.g., embryos) might contribute to the long-term persistence of invasive populations, which is important for their proper management.
Courtship strategies of white-tailed deer and mule deer males when living in sympatry
Authors: Airst Jason , Lingle Susan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Courtship behaviour reflects characteristics of an animal’s general biology, while also reflecting selective pressures specific to reproduction. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) are sister species that differ in antipredator behaviour and sociality. We observed sympatric mule deer and white-tailed males to document their grouping patterns, courtship tactics, and aggressive interactions during the breeding season. Consistent with the hypothesis that courtship strategies reflect species differences in antipredator tactics and sociality, mule deer males were more likely than white-tailed males to tend females in multi male–multi female groups. White-tailed males almost exclusively tended females in isolated pairs and prevented other males from joining their groups. However, both species spent more time in isolated pairs as courtship advanced, likely to reduce competition. Our results enabled us to distinguish courtship behaviours that reflect contrasting antipredator tactics and sociality from courtship behaviours that reflect reproductive selective pressures that the species share.
Reproduction of Globodera pallida on tissue culture-derived potato plants and their potential use in resistance screening process
Authors: Mwangi James M. , Niere Björn , Daub Matthias , Finckh Maria R. , Kiewnick Sebastian 
Published: February 2019

Summary
Globodera pallida infestation on potato is responsible for huge yield losses globally. Screening of potato germplasm for resistance to the nematode at the early stages of a breeding programme can significantly enhance resistance-based management. This study assessed the suitability of tissue culture (TC)-derived potato plants as screening material for resistance to G. pallida. Reproduction of the nematode on TC plants was similar to the reproduction on tuber- and eye-plug-derived plants. The pot volume, inoculum density and inoculation time had a significant effect on the reproduction. A positive correlation was found between the mean number of white females on the root surface and the final number of nematode cysts after extraction. Resistance ranking using TC plants and the tubers yielded comparable results, thus justifying the use of TC in the screening process. Tissue culture plants have the potential of speeding up the screening process and reducing resource requirements, thus lowering breeding cost.