bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovación transformadora. Propuestas desde la innovación social colectiva para el desarrollo humano
Authors: Boni Alejandra , Belda-Miquel Sergio , Pellicer-Sifres Victoria 
Published: October 2018

Hay muchas maneras de entender y practicar la innovación social. En este artículo queremos abordar una perspectiva concreta: la innovación social colectiva (ISC) que busca explícitamente la transformación de los regímenes socio-técnicos. A partir del análisis de dos experiencias que tienen lugar en Valencia (grupos de consumo y una cooperativa energética), caracterizamos el sentido de la transformación de las ISC y su direccionalidad. Para lo primero, se recurre al marco de las transiciones socio-técnicas, mientras que para lo segundo el análisis se realiza desde el desarrollo humano. El análisis arroja diferencias sustanciales en la manera en la que las ISC entienden la producción, las tecnologías, las políticas y regulaciones, la estructura industrial, los canales de acceso y las fuentes de conocimiento, respecto de las prácticas socio-técnicas dominantes. Asimismo evidencia que sus propuestas se alinean claramente con los principios del desarrollo humano y permiten la expansión de capacidades y de agencia.There are many ways to understand and practice social innovation. In this article we touch upon a specific perspective: grassroots innovations (gi) which explicitly seek the transformation of socio-technical regimes. From the analysis of two experiences that took place in the city of Valencia (consumer groups and an energy cooperative), we characterize the sense of the transformation of the grassroots and its directionality. For the former, the framework of socio-technical transitions is used, while, for the latter, the analysis is being made through the human development approach. The analysis reveals substantial differences in the way in which gi understand production, technologies, policies and regulations, industrial structure, access channels and sources of knowledge, compared with dominant socio-technical practices. It also shows that their proposals are clearly aligned with the principles of human development and allow the expansion of capabilities and agency.
Anmeldelse
Authors: Michelsen Morten 
Published: October 2018

Catharina Dyrssen: Musikkens Rum - Metaforer, Ritualer, Institutioner: En kulturanalytisk studie av arkitektur i och omkring musik. Göteborg 1995 (Bo Ejeby Forlag).Musikens Rum er skrevet som ph.d.-afhandling i forbindelse med forskningsprogrammet Nutida Arkitektur -praktik og reflektion ved afdelingen for arkitektur og bygningsplanlægning på Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola i Goteborg.
Kulturpolitiske kanonkugler
Authors: Reestorff Camilla Møhring 
Published: October 2018

Kulturkanonen og kulturens nationalstatslige forankring The Cultural Canon and the national anchoring of cultureThis paper deals with the importance of the concepts of culture and class in contemporary Danish politics. The concepts are necessary in order to understand the political discourse about globalisation and the ways in which the relations between the local and the global are changing. The Ministry of Culture’s Canon of Culture, launched on the 24th of January 2006, exemplifies how the government’s conception of globalisation as a threat to the nation results in a cultural political strategy, which is an attempt to establish a shared national comprehension of culture as locally bound. It is claimed that culture is used as a means to establish an imagined, territorially bound and unchangeable nation state. The local anchoring of culture entails that trans-national and global communities based on culture and class are undermined in favour of national identity. The complexity of the nation and the world is reduced because of the national standardisation of culture, which installs an illusory order, a community based on values and culture. Culture becomes hierarchical – this article says – when those who are not a part of the community are excluded. Human beings, societies and cultures are then divided.
Les intervenants face à la problématique de l’accessibilité aux services pour les jeunes ruraux en situation de vulnérabilité1
Authors: Alberio Marco , Handfield Mario 
Published: October 2018

Basé sur une recherche qualitative et quantitative menée en partenariat avec COSMOSS La Mitis auprès de jeunes âgés de 16 à 35 ans vivant dans la MRC de La Mitis, au Bas-Saint-Laurent, et d’intervenants du milieu, cet article propose d’explorer les trajectoires d’exclusion individuelles et collectives des jeunes en milieu rural à partir de la perspective des intervenants. À travers ce texte, nous posons un regard sur l’enjeu et les mécanismes d’accès aux services pour ces jeunes ruraux. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que plusieurs phénomènes ruraux tels que la force des liens sociaux et le contrôle social, l’enjeu de la mobilité et le manque d’un bon réseau de transports collectifs, et les obstacles au travail d’intervention en termes de ressources disponibles ou de vulnérabilité de la clientèle sont des facteurs susceptibles de se transformer en barrière à l’utilisation des services. De plus, la crainte d’une stigmatisation, le manque d’anonymat, la faible présence de ressources d’aide alternatives, ainsi que la culture de la « débrouillardise » complexifient les processus d’accès aux services pour les jeunes, surtout les plus vulnérables, nuisant ainsi à leur intégration socioéconomique. Mettant de l’avant les enjeux et les stratégies d’action des intervenants, l’article conclut également sur quelques pistes de solution pour le milieu de l’intervention et les décideurs politiques.
Biochemical analysis and comparative studies on Diospyros kaki extracts
Authors: Zreen Zohra , Kiran Shumaila , Hameed Amjad , Gulzar Tahsin , Farooq Tahir 
Published: October 2018

Background: Limited study on different organs of Diospyros kaki in biochemical figure of Pakistani plants still require considerable research activities due to its remarkable antioxidant properties.
Objective: This study was an effort to characterize antioxidant properties regarding Diospyros kaki with special reference to its detailed biochemical analysis and linked health claim.
Method: The biochemical analysis according to the role of certain bioactive molecules in different plant organs of Diospyros kaki viz enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidants, hydrolytic enzymes and few other biochemical parameters such as total antioxidant activity, total oxidant status, total soluble sugars and protein along with pigments like chlorophyll ( total, a and b), carotenoids and lycopene were studied. Results: Among enzymatic antioxidant, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase along with protease activity, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic contents, tannins and pigments like chlorophyll (total, a and b) were observed highest in leaves. Unripe fruit showed significant α-amylase, ascorbic acid, non reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, total carotenoids, lycopene and significantly lowest total oxidant status. Similarly, remarkable highest amount of superoxide dismutase and proteins were predicted in ripe fruit whereas peroxidase activity and reducing sugars were investigated in bark. However, highest esterase activity was indicated in stem.
Conclusion: Our present findings concluded the fact that leaves, bark, stem, ripe and unripe fruit of Diospyros kaki could be exploited in pharmacology due to sufficient presence of different antioxidants but large number of antioxidants reflected in leaves and unripe fruit extract make them more potent and profound therauptic agents.
Future perspective: Keeping in mind the above facts and research findings, further pharmacological and biochemical explorations are needed to discover natural products.
Adaptive automation: automatically (dis)engaging automation during visually distracted driving
Authors: Cabrall Christopher D.D. , Janssen Nico M. , de Winter Joost C.F. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Automated driving is often proposed as a solution to human errors. However, fully automated driving has not yet reached the point where it can be implemented in real traffic. This study focused on adaptively allocating steering control either to the driver or to an automated pilot based on momentary driver distraction measured from an eye tracker.

Methods
Participants (N = 31) steered a simulated vehicle with a fixed speed, and at specific moments were required to perform a visual secondary task (i.e., changing a CD). Three conditions were tested: (1) Manual driving (Manual), in which participants steered themselves. (2) An automated backup (Backup) condition, consisting of manual steering except during periods of visual distraction, where the driver was backed up by automated steering. (3) A forced manual drive (Forced) condition, consisting of automated steering except during periods of visual distraction, where the driver was forced into manual steering. In all three conditions, the speed of the vehicle was automatically kept at 70 km/h throughout the drive.

Results
The Backup condition showed a decrease in mean and maximum absolute lateral error compared to the Manual condition. The Backup condition also showed the lowest self-reported workload ratings and yielded a higher acceptance rating than the Forced condition. The Forced condition showed a higher maximum absolute lateral error than the Backup condition.

Discussion
In conclusion, the Backup condition was well accepted, and significantly improved performance when compared to the Manual and Forced conditions. Future research could use a higher level of simulator fidelity and a higher-quality eye-tracker.
Role of Central Metal Ions in 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐Doped ZnO Interfacial Layers for Improving the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Babu B. Hari , Lyu Chengkun , Yu Chengzhuo , Wen Zhenchuan , Li Fenghong , Hao Xiao‐Tao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOptimizing the function of interfacial materials between the photoactive layer and the metal cathode is critical for realizing high‐efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). The charge‐collecting layer requires a material with an excellent electrical property to improve the charge collection efficiency and decrease the leakage current that increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, the performance of sol–gel‐derived modified cathode interfacial (ZnO) layers, prepared by an appropriate doping of metal (M = Al, Ga, and Mn)quinoline (Q) groups in OSCs, is demonstrated and evaluated. The light absorption of the photoactive layer is improved upon incorporating an interfacial layer into the OSCs. The PCE of the GaQ:ZnO‐based device is higher than that of the AlQ:ZnO and MnQ:ZnO‐based devices, attributed to an improved exciton dissociation rate, enhanced carrier transport, greater electron mobility, and a lower work function. Incorporating a GaQ:ZnO interfacial layer into a thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene/benzodithiophene:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7:PC71BM) OSC increases the PCE from 7.51% to 8.44%, and incorporating it into a poly[[2,6′‐4‐8‐di(5‐ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2‐b:3,3‐b]dithiophene][3‐fluoro‐2[(2‐ethylhexyl) carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7‐Th:PC71BM) (PTB7‐Th:PC71BM) OSC increases the PCE from 8.11% to 9.02%.
[3+2] Cyclization of Azidotrimethylsilane with Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐Ones to Synthesize Tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoxalin‐4(5H)‐Ones
Authors: Yang Qiming , Zhang Yuecheng , Sun Qian , Shang Kun , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Zhao Jiquan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA convenient and efficient protocol for the synthesis of thetetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoxalin‐4(5H)‐ones via copper‐catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of azidotrimethylsilane with quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones under mild conditions has been disclosed. This practical protocol is compatible with a variety of functional groups and provides an access to functionalized tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoxalin‐4(5H)‐ones from readily available and safe starting materials.magnified image
Light‐Controlled Mammalian Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications in Synthetic Biology
Authors: Mansouri Maysam , Strittmatter Tobias , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe ability to remote control the expression of therapeutic genes in mammalian cells in order to treat disease is a central goal of synthetic biology‐inspired therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, optogenetics, a combination of light and genetic sciences, provides an unprecedented ability to use light for precise control of various cellular activities with high spatiotemporal resolution. Recent work to combine optogenetics and therapeutic synthetic biology has led to the engineering of light‐controllable designer cells, whose behavior can be regulated precisely and noninvasively. This Review focuses mainly on non‐neural optogenetic systems, which are often used in synthetic biology, and their applications in genetic programing of mammalian cells. Here, a brief overview of the optogenetic tool kit that is available to build light‐sensitive mammalian cells is provided. Then, recently developed strategies for the control of designer cells with specific biological functions are summarized. Recent translational applications of optogenetically engineered cells are also highlighted, ranging from in vitro basic research to in vivo light‐controlled gene therapy. Finally, current bottlenecks, possible solutions, and future prospects for optogenetics in synthetic biology are discussed.
Overlapping‐Gate Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Ke Tung‐Huei , Genoe Jan , Heremans Paul , Rolin Cedric 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA light‐emitting transistor in which two gates, separated by an insulator, partially overlap in the center of the device is proposed. By accumulating charge carriers in dedicated transport layers, each gate independently controls charge injection into the emissive layer sandwiched between the transport layers. This structure combines the advantages of pinned light emission in the center of the channel, gapless charge transport into the recombination zone, and controlled balance of electron and hole concentration at the edges of the emissive layer for any chosen current density. High‐performance devices with overlapping gates are demonstrated: Using a red fluorescent emitter, high external quantum efficiency (5.7%) is conserved up to the highest luminance (2190 cd m−2). A comprehensive optoelectronic device model is proposed that verifies the measured characteristics and confirms that efficiency is highest with balanced charge transport. This device topology opens perspectives in the development of bright thin film light sources driven at high current densities.
Progress on Photothermal Conversion in the Second NIR Window Based on Conjugated Polymers
Authors: He Yonglin , Cao Yuanyuan , Wang Yapei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn view of the distinct advantages of deep tissue penetration of NIR‐II light and the outstanding biocompatibility of conjugated polymers, the design and development of conjugated polymers with the ability of photothermal conversion in NIR‐II window are extremely important for biomedical applications. In this focus review, based on the excellent features of photothermal conversion and NIR‐II light, several key factors and related principles of developing conjugated photothermal polymers are proposed and discussed systematically. Accordingly, some illuminating conjugated NIR‐II photothermal polymers are exemplified and highlighted. This Focus Review aims to provide another perspective for constructing highly efficient NIR‐II photothermal conversion to expand the biomedical applications of conjugated polymers.
Transition‐Metal‐Free [4+1] Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole from α,α‐Difluoro‐N‐Tosylhydrazone and Amine through C‐F Bond Cleavage
Authors: Zhou Qi , Fu Zihao , Yu Lefei , Wang Jianbo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted and 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole from α,α‐difluoro‐N‐tosylhydrazone and amine through a C−F bond cleavage protocol has been developed. α,α‐Difluoro‐N‐tosylhydrazone is used as a new reagent, which can transform amines to 1,2,3‐triazoles with high efficiency and excellent functional group compatibility without using transition‐metal catalysts, azide reagents and oxidants.
Geographic variation in the growth status of indigenous school children and youth in Mexico
Authors: Malina Robert M. , Little Bertis B. , Lanceta Joel , Peña Reyes Maria Eugenia , Bali Chávez Guillermo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze variation in the growth status of indigenous children and youth attending bilingual schools, escuelas albergues, for the indigenous population in México.Materials and methodsThe children and youth attended escuelas albergues in 1,009 localities in 21 Mexican states in 2012. Heights and weights of 31,448 boys and 27,306 girls 6–18 years of age were measured by trained staff at each school; the BMI was calculated. The students were divided into five geographic regions for analysis: North, Central, South‐Gulf, South‐Pacific, and South‐Southeast. Growth status was compared to United States reference percentiles (P).ResultsMean heights of children and youth from the five regions varied between P10 and P5 of the reference until about 13 years (girls) and 14 years (boys); subsequently, heights were ≤P5. Mean weights in both sexes were at P25 of the reference between 6 and 12 years, and then varied between P25 and P10 in boys and were ≥P25 in girls. Given the elevated weights relative to heights compared to the reference, mean BMIs of indigenous boys and girls were at or above the reference medians. Children and youth in the North and Central regions were, on average, taller than those in the South‐Pacific and South‐Southeast regions, while heights of those in the South‐Gulf region were generally intermediate. In contrast, mean weights and BMIs differed negligibly among the regions.ConclusionsThe geographic gradient in heights of indigenous children and youth was consistent with a north‐to‐south pattern noted among indigenous adults in studies spanning 1898 through 2013. Variation in height among children and youth likely reflected ethnic‐specific and geographic variation interacting with economic and nutritional factors.
A geometric morphometric approach to the study of variation of shovel‐shaped incisors
Authors: Carayon Delphine , Adhikari Kaustubh , Monsarrat Paul , Dumoncel Jean , Braga José , Duployer Benjamin , Delgado Miguel , Fuentes‐Guajardo Macarena , de Beer Frikkie , Hoffman Jakobus W. , Oettlé Anna C. , Donat Richard , Pan Lei , Ruiz‐Linares Andres , Tenailleau Christophe , Vaysse Frédéric , Esclassan Rémi , Zanolli Clément 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe scoring and analysis of dental nonmetric traits are predominantly accomplished by using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS), a standard protocol based on strict definitions and three‐dimensional dental plaques. However, visual scoring, even when controlled by strict definitions of features, visual reference, and the experience of the observer, includes an unavoidable part of subjectivity. In this methodological contribution, we propose a new quantitative geometric morphometric approach to quickly and efficiently assess the variation of shoveling in modern human maxillary central incisors (UI1).Materials and methodsWe analyzed 87 modern human UI1s by means of virtual imaging and the ASU‐UI1 dental plaque grades using geometric morphometrics by placing semilandmarks on the labial crown aspect. The modern human sample was composed of individuals from Europe, Africa, and Asia and included representatives of all seven grades defined by the ASUDAS method.ResultsOur results highlighted some limitations in the use of the current UI1 ASUDAS plaque, indicating that it did not necessarily represent an objective gradient of expression of a nonmetric tooth feature. Rating of shoveling tended to be more prone to intra‐ and interobserver bias for the highest grades. In addition, our analyses suggest that the observers were strongly influenced by the depth of the lingual crown aspect when assessing the shoveling.DiscussionIn this context, our results provide a reliable and reproducible framework reinforced by statistical results supporting the fact that open scale numerical measurements can complement the ASUDAS method.
Precise Control of Thermal and Redox Properties of Organic Hole‐Transport Materials
Authors: Chiykowski Valerie A. , Cao Yang , Tan Hairen , Tabor Daniel P. , Sargent Edward H. , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Berlinguette Curtis P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report design principles of the thermal and redox properties of synthetically accessible spiro‐based hole transport materials (HTMs) and show the relevance of these findings to high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The chemical modification of an asymmetric spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene] core is amenable to selective placement of redox active triphenylamine (TPA) units. We therefore leveraged computational techniques to investigate five HTMs bearing TPA groups judiciously positioned about this asymmetric spiro core. It was determined that TPA groups positioned about the conjugated fluorene moiety increase the free energy change for hole‐extraction from the perovskite layer, while TPAs about the xanthene unit govern the Tg values. The synergistic effects of these characteristics resulted in an HTM characterized by both a low reduction potential (≈0.7 V vs. NHE) and a high Tg value (>125 °C) to yield a device power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8 % in a PSC.
Transfer‐Free, Large‐Scale Growth of High‐Quality Graphene on Insulating Substrate by Physical Contact of Copper Foil
Authors: Song Intek , Park Yohwan , Cho Hyeyeon , Choi Hee Cheul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh‐quality, large‐area, single‐layer graphene was directly grown on top of a quartz substrate by a low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process using Cu vapor as a catalyst. In this process, continuous generation and supply of highly concentrated Cu vapor is the key to the growth of large‐scale, high‐quality graphene. It was achieved by direct physical contact, or “touch‐down,” of a Cu foil with an underlying sacrificial SiO2/Si substrate, and the target quartz substrate was placed on top of the Cu foil, eventually having a quartz/Cu/SiO2/Si sandwich structure. To establish the reaction mechanism, a test growth was performed without the quartz substrate, which revealed that Cu is diffused through the SiO2 layer of the sacrificial SiO2/Si substrate to form liquid‐phase Cu‐Si alloy that emits massive Cu vapor. This Cu vapor catalyzes thermal decomposition of supplied CH4 gas.
Impact of macrodiols on the adhesion strength of polyurethane pressure‐sensitive adhesives
Authors: Akram Nadia , Zia Khalid Mahmood , Saeed Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Saleem Sundas 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we evaluated the influence of stiff and flexible contents on the adhesive characteristics of polyurethane (PU). This was achieved through the optimization of macrodiol contents in the PU composition, which developed soft segments. The composition of the polymer comprises of two different macrodiols: poly(propylene glycol) and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene with various molecular weights. 4,4′‐Methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) was used to maximize the adhesion strength of the final product, which was evaluated with a texture analyzer. The hard‐segment content (30%) positively affected the adhesive properties. The probe–tack showed a maximum adhesion energy of 147 J/cm2, and the 180° peel test showed a 15.67 N/25 mm peel force. The glass‐transition temperature values obtained through differential scanning calorimetry were in good agreement with the theoretically calculated Flory temperature. The proportion of the loss tangent to the storage modulus showed an optimum value of 2.54 MPa−1. The accurate selection criteria of the macrodiol composition resulted in good PU pressure‐sensitive adhesives. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46635.