bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military‐related risk factors for dementia
Authors: Snyder Heather M. , Carare Roxana O. , DeKosky Steven T. , de Leon Mony J. , Dykxhoorn Derek , Gan Li , Gardner Raquel , Hinds Sidney R. , Jaffee Michael , Lamb Bruce T. , Landau Susan , Manley Geoff , McKee Ann , Perl Daniel , Schneider Julie A. , Weiner Michael , Wellington Cheryl , Yaffe Kristine , Bain Lisa , Pacifico Anthony M. , Carrillo Maria C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, there has been growing discussion to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and post‐traumatic stress disorder and how they may be linked to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease in veterans.MethodsBuilding on that discussion, and subsequent to a special issue of Alzheimer's & Dementia published in June 2014, which focused on military risk factors, the Alzheimer's Association convened a continued discussion of the scientific community on December 1, 2016.ResultsDuring this meeting, participants presented and evaluated progress made since 2012 and identified outstanding knowledge gaps regarding factors that may impact veterans' risk for later life dementia.DiscussionThe following is a summary of the invited presentations and moderated discussions of both the review of scientific understanding and identification of gaps to inform further investigations.
Blood on board: The development of a prehospital blood transfusion program in a Canadian helicopter emergency medical service
Authors: Krook Chase , O’Dochartaigh Domhnall , Martin Doug , Piggott Zoë , Deedo Ryan , Painter Sarah , van Werkhoven Gennifer , McKay Darcy , Nesdoly Dennis , Armstrong JN 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivePrehospital blood transfusion has been adopted by many civilian helicopter emergency medical services agencies, and early outcomes are positive. The Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society operates six bases in Western Canada and started a blood on board process in 2013 in Regina that has expanded to all bases. Two units of O negative packed red blood cells are carried on every mission. We describe the processes and standard work ensuring safe storage, administration, and stewardship of this important resource.MethodsThe packed red blood cells are stored in an inexpensive, reusable temperature controlled cooler at 1°C–6°C. Close collaboration with local transfusion services and adherence to Canadian transfusion standards contributes to safety and sustainability.ResultsFrom October 1, 2013 to October 10, 2017, the Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society administered blood to 431 patients. Of this total, 62.9% received blood carried on our aircraft. A total of 463 blood box units were administered, and the majority of patients (69.0%) received both units. Blood used in Calgary, Alberta was 100% traceable, and only 1.2% of total units dispensed was wasted. The vast majority of unused units were returned to circulation.ConclusionWe describe the process to set up and monitor a prehospital blood transfusion program. Our standard work and stewardship processes minimize wastage of blood while keeping it readily available for our critically ill and injured patients.
Land of Opportunity? The Assimilation of Scottish Migrants in England, 1603–ca. 1762
Authors: Brown Keith M. , Kennedy Allan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImmigration and its consequences is one of the most contentious issues in the contemporary world, and historians are engaged in this debate by offering a longer-term perspective. In recent years, research on the United Kingdom's population has placed greater emphasis on population movement in shaping Britain's story, identifying waves of migrants from elsewhere alongside migration within Britain. One neglected aspect of this narrative, however, is the migration of Scots to England, particularly in the age of the regal and parliamentary union, when the changing political relationship between the two kingdoms had an impact on the scale, geographic spread, and opportunities and obstacles of that migration. While a minority of Scottish migrants were unwelcome, or chose to return home, the overwhelming weight of evidence is for those migrants who remained in England. The focus in this article is on that majority group for whom migration was a positive experience, thus raising questions about why these Scots were so successful and why they faced so little native opposition. That process of segmented assimilation offers an insight into the formation of Britain and the shifting ground of national identity associated with the emerging British state. The Scots, moreover, provide a model for “successful” migration, suggesting that a range of factors—principally, an educated, culturally malleable, and economically responsive migrant population, alongside an institutionally and attitudinally flexible host community—need to be in place in order to optimize the chances of migrant assimilation.
“The Penguins Are Coming”: Brand Mascots and Utopian Mass Consumption in Interwar Britain
Authors: Hornsey Richard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article explores the cultural dynamics of branding and mass consumption in Britain during the 1920s and 1930s. It focuses on Penguin Books’ cartoon mascot, which appeared on all of the firm's paperback covers and in-store promotional material from 1935. A familiar but critically ignored cultural icon, Penguin's mascot followed a wave of prominent advertising characters that energetically burst onto Britain's commercial scene in the early 1920s. Highly visible on packaging, poster hoardings, and advertisements within the press, brand mascots became popular media stars in the 1920s, seeming to herald a dawning age of material parity and collective consumer sovereignty. A decade later, Penguin's mascot used this utopianism around branded mass consumption to forge a leftist vision of social-democratic progress. Augmented by certain in-store display techniques and modes of purchase, Penguin Books appeared to constitute an enlightened public sphere. The cartoon bird became a lucrative mechanism through which browsers were invited to contribute to this progressive cultural project.
Against Ethnicity: Democracy, Equality, and the Northern Irish Conflict
Authors: Prince Simon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe study of the Northern Irish Troubles is dominated by ethnic readings of conflict and violence. Drawing on new scholarship from a range of different disciplines and on fresh archival sources, this article questions these explanations. General theories that tie together ethnicity with conflict and violence are shown to be based on definitions that fail to distinguish ethnic identities from other ones. Their claims cannot be taken as being uniquely or even disproportionately associated with ethnicity. Explanatory models specifically developed for the case of modern Ireland do address that weakness. Yet, this article contends, they rest upon the fallacy that the Catholic and Protestant peoples are transhistorical entities. Political ideas, organizations, and actions cannot be reduced to fixed group identities. This article argues instead that the Troubles centered on a political conflict—one over rival visions of modern democracy. The pursuit of equality, the core value of democracy, led not only to conflicts but also to some of those conflicts becoming violent. Focusing on Belfast in the summer and autumn of 1969, this article sets out how the main political actors asserted competing claims to popular sovereignty and traces how multiple dynamic and intersecting conflicts became arrayed around the central one.
Britain and the World: A New Field?
Authors: Sasson Tehila , Vernon James , Ogborn Miles , Satia Priya , Hall Catherine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOver the past decade, historians, journals, conferences, and even job advertisements have devoted attention to a new field of inquiry, “Britain and the world.” This emergent category is far from coherent but, despite a variety of approaches, shares a common assumption that Britain's interactions with the world beyond its shores enable us to better understand the histories of both Britain and the globe. Writing the history of Britain from a comparative, imperial, or transnational perspective is not wholly new. British historians have long worked comparatively in a predominantly European frame, while historians of empire and internationalism have also highlighted the importance of transnational and global frameworks. What, then, is signified by the articulation of “Britain and the world” as a new field? What do historians of Britain, and indeed historians of its empire and the world, stand to gain or lose from the promotion of Britain and the world as a field? What new skills, methodologies, and archives are required to become a historian of Britain and the world? We invited historians from different generations and national academies as well as with different ways of approaching the history of Britain in an extranational frame. Our hope is that these essays will open up debate and stimulate broader discussions about the changing nature of the field and our work as historians of Britain.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition increases noise burst-induced unconditioned and context-conditioned freezing
Authors: Hagsäter S. Melker , Thorén Johan , Pettersson Robert , Eriksson Elias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveWhereas long-term administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders, acute administration of these drugs may exert a paradoxical anxiogenic effect. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible effect of an SSRI in situations of unconditioned or limited conditioned fear.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats were administered a single dose of an SSRI, escitalopram, before acquisition or expression of context conditioned fear, where noise bursts were used as the unconditioned stimulus. Freezing was assessed as a measure of unconditioned fear (=the acute response to noise bursts) or conditioned fear (=the response to the context), respectively.ResultsNoise bursts elicited an acute increase in freezing but no robust conditioned response 7 days after exposure. Administration of escitalopram before testing exacerbated the freezing response during presentation of the unconditioned stimulus and also unmasked a conditioned response; in contrast, administration of escitalopram prior to acquisition did not influence the conditioned response.ConclusionThe data suggest that freezing in rats exposed to a stimulus inducing relatively mild fear may be enhanced by acute pretreatment with an SSRI regardless of whether the freezing displayed by the animals is an acute unconditioned response to the stimulus in question or a conditioned response to the same stimulus.
The composition and formation of effective teams: computer science meets organizational psychology
Authors: Andrejczuk Ewa , Berger Rita , Rodriguez-Aguilar Juan A. , Sierra Carles , Marín-Puchades Víctor 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNowadays the composition and formation of effective teams is highly important for both companies to assure their competitiveness and for a wide range of emerging applications exploiting multiagent collaboration (e.g. crowdsourcing, human-agent collaborations). The aim of this article is to provide an integrative perspective on team composition, team formation, and their relationship with team performance. Thus, we review the contributions in both the computer science literature and the organizational psychology literature dealing with these topics. Our purpose is twofold. First, we aim at identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the contributions made by these two diverse bodies of research. Second, we aim at identifying cross-fertilization opportunities that help both disciplines benefit from one another. Given the volume of existing literature, our review is not intended to be exhaustive. Instead, we have preferred to focus on the most significant contributions in both fields together with recent contributions that break new ground to spur innovative research.
Manoeuvring within a Fragmented Bureaucracy: Policy Entrepreneurship in China's Local Healthcare Reform
Authors: He Alex Jingwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolicy entrepreneurs play a pivotal role in policy changes in both electoral democracies and authoritarian systems. By investigating the case of healthcare reform in Sanming City, this article illustrates how the fragmented bureaucracy in China enables and constrains local policy entrepreneurs, and how entrepreneurial manoeuvring succeeds in realigning the old institutional structures while attacking the vested interests. Both structural conditions and individual attributes are of critical importance to the success of policy entrepreneurship. Four factors and their dynamic interactions are central to local policy entrepreneurship: behavioural traits, political capital, network position and institutional framework. This study furthers theoretical discussion on policy entrepreneurship by elucidating the fluidity of interactional patterns between agent and structure in authoritarian China. The malleability of rigid institutions can be considerably increased by the active manoeuvring of entrepreneurial agents.
Individual-, maternal- and household-level factors associated with stunting among children aged 0–23 months in Bangladesh
Authors: Mistry Sabuj Kanti , Hossain Md. Belal , Khanam Fouzia , Akter Fahmida , Parvez Mahmood , Yunus Fakir Md , Afsana Kaosar , Rahman Mahfuzar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveChildhood stunting remains a major public health concern in Bangladesh. To accelerate the reduction rate of stunting, special focus is required during the first 23 months of a child’s life when the bulk of growth takes place. Therefore the present study explored individual-, maternal- and household-level factors associated with stunting among children under 2 years of age in Bangladesh.DesignData were collected through a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted between October 2015 and January 2016. A two-stage cluster random sampling procedure was applied to select 11 428 households. In the first stage, 210 enumerations areas (EA) were selected with probability proportional to EA size (180 EA from rural areas, thirty EA from urban slums). In the second stage, an average of fifty-four households were selected from each EA through systematic random sampling.SettingRural areas and urban slums of Bangladesh.ParticipantsA total of 6539 children aged 0–23 months.ResultsOverall, 29·9 % of the children were stunted. After adjusting for all potential confounders in the modified Poisson regression model, child’s gender, birth weight (individual level), maternal education, age at first pregnancy, nutrition (maternal level), administrative division, place of residence, socio-economic status, food security status, access to sanitary latrine and toilet hygiene condition (household level) were significantly associated with stunting.ConclusionsThe study identified a number of potentially addressable multilevel risk factors for stunting among young children in Bangladesh that should be addressed through comprehensive multicomponent interventions.
Material distributive topology design of UWB antenna using parallel computation of improved BPSO with FDTD
Authors: Thilaga Shri Chandra A. P. , Senthilkumar L. , Meenakshi M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this article, the material distributive topology-based design optimization of ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna is proposed by using improved binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) with finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. In the improved BPSO implementation, the velocity of each particle is calculated based on complete set of bits of particle position vector. The V-shaped transfer function is employed to transform all real values of velocities to values in the interval [0,1]. The fitness function of all the particles in BPSO algorithm are computed parallely by using FDTD simulation. The usage of FDTD and the parallel computation helps in analyzing the broadband frequency characteristics of the antenna with a single simulation run. The return loss of the optimized UWB antenna obtained from FDTD, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulation and practical measurement are in good agreement and show good impedance matching.
A Global Environmental Constitution for the Anthropocene?
Authors: Kotzé Louis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInternational environmental law (IEL) has been unable to respond effectively to the Anthropocene’s global socio-ecological crisis, which is critically existential and requires radical interventions and regulatory reform. This article explores the potential of the recent United Nations (UN)-backed initiative to adopt a Global Pact for the Environment as an opportunity to reform IEL. It does so by (i) reflecting on the Anthropocene’s demands for a constitutionalized form of IEL through the lens of global environmental constitutionalism; (ii) investigating the extent to which the Global Pact could contribute to such a vision; and (iii) suggesting ways in which to strengthen the constitutional potential of the Global Pact in this endeavour. To this end, the article revisits the World Charter for Nature of 1982, which seems to have slipped off the radar in academic as well as policy circles. A case is made for renewed support of the Charter – which already enjoys the backing of the majority of UN General Assembly member states, and which has constitutional qualities – to serve as a ‘best-practice’ example during the ensuing negotiation of the Global Pact.
An Optimization‐Based Approach for Source Term Estimations of Atmospheric Releases
Authors: Turbelin Grégory , Singh Sarvesh , Ngae Pierre , Kumar Pramod 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article highlights an optimization‐based approach to estimate the main characteristics (i.e., location and intensity) that describe the source of a release of a hazardous material (e.g., a chemical or biological agent) in the atmosphere. The method, which uses, as input data, concentration measurements provided by a network of sensors (and some additional meteorological data), is first formalized in the general framework of parametric source term estimation inverse problems. Some simple and new geometric interpretations of the method are proposed. Next, it is shown that the approach can also provide a realistic understanding of the uncertainties in the estimation of the characteristics of the source. Then, a strategy for an optimal deployment of mobile sensors in hazardous materials operations is proposed. To conclude, the source estimation approach and the network design strategy are evaluated with data from a wind tunnel experiment conducted at the Environmental Flow Research Center at the University of Surrey, UK.
Impact of Assimilating the FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC and FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 RO Data on the Midlatitude and Low‐Latitude Ionospheric Specification
Authors: Hsu C.‐T. , Matsuo T. , Liu J.‐Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) missions, such as the Formosa Satellite‐3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC) and the upcoming FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2, provide valuable profiling of the ionized atmosphere for the monitoring of space weather. This study shows that the FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC and FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 missions' ability to monitor highly variable ionospheric weather can be considerably extended with the help of data assimilation. The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) Ionosphere is a new data assimilation system designed specifically for the low‐latitude and midlatitude ionosphere. The capability of the GSI Ionosphere is first demonstrated with actual FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC RO total electron content (TEC) data for January 2013. Features of the ionospheric equatorial ionization anomaly in a coupled plasmasphere ionosphere thermosphere model become more consistent with the TEC maps created with independent ground‐based GPS data. The consistency has improved by assimilation of FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC RO data up to about 50% in comparison to the control simulation case without data assimilation. To evaluate the impact of future RO missions on ionospheric weather specification, comparative Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are carried out with synthetic RO TEC data. An OSSE of FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 shows that the GSI Ionosphere can improve the ionospheric specification within ±30° geomagnetic latitude by 67% over the control case, which is comparable to the improvement yielded by FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC for 2009 (61%). These results indicate a great potential for improving the monitoring of realistic ionospheric weather with the help of FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 RO TEC data.
A Study on Data Processing Services for the Operation of Geo‐Analysis Models in the Open Web Environment
Authors: Wang Jin , Chen Min , Lü Guonian , Yue Songshan , Chen Kun , Wen Yongning 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the development of network technology, integrated modeling frameworks based on web services are becoming a key topic with regard to solving complex geographic problems. Currently, large numbers of geo‐analysis models and massive data resources are available on the open web. Accessing, acquiring or invoking individual resources transparently is relatively straightforward; but combining these models and data resources for comprehensive simulations remains challenging due to their heterogeneity and diversity. Data resources are the driving force of model execution and can serve as an intermediate linkage medium for model integration, yet in most cases, the data resources cannot be directly used to drive or link models. Data processing services that can prepare and process data are urgently needed in the web environment to enable the convenient coupling of models and data resources through the web, thus reducing the difficulty of preparing data and avoiding repetitive data processing work. Three types of data processing methods that can achieve mapping, refactoring, and visualization are designed in this article based on the proposed Universal Data eXchange (UDX) model. These methods can be published as data processing services to facilitate the operation of geo‐analysis models through the web environment. The applicability of the proposed data processing services is examined through two cases: the processing service is applied in model integration through the web in the first case, and data preparation with processing services for the Taihu Water Pollution Diffusion Model (TWPDM) is carried out in the second case. The results demonstrate that the proposed processing services can bridge the gap between geo‐analysis models and data resources hosted on networks.