bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Ventilation During Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care Transport: A Systematic Review*
Authors: Cheema Baljit , Welzel Tyson , Rossouw Beyra 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Noninvasive ventilation is increasingly used in neonatal and pediatric patients, but the intensive care transport setting is lagging in terms of availability of noninvasive ventilation for children. The objective of this systematic review of the literature was to answer the question: In children 0 days to 18 years old, who are hospitalized with acute respiratory distress and require critical care transport, is noninvasive ventilation effective and safe during transport?

Data Sources:
MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE (via Scopus), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, African Index Medicus, Web of Science Citation Index, and the World Health Organization Trials Registry.

Study Selection:
Two reviewers independently reviewed all identified studies for eligibility and quality.

Data Extraction:
Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using piloted data extraction forms.

Data Synthesis:
Data were not synthesized due to nature of studies included.

Results:
A total of 1,287 records were identified; no randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials were found. Eight observational studies, enrolling 858 patients were included, of these 60.4% were neonatal ICU and 39.6% were nonneonatal ICU patient transports. The mode of noninvasive ventilation during transport was continuous positive airway pressure in seven studies (708 patients) and high-flow nasal cannula in one study (150 patients). During transport on noninvasive ventilation, three of 858 patients (0.4%) required either intubation or escalation of noninvasive ventilation. In the 24 hours following transfer, 63 of 650 children (10%) transferred on noninvasive ventilation were intubated. The odds of intubation within 24 hours were significantly higher for continuous positive airway pressure transfer 60 of 500 (12%) compared with high-flow nasal cannula three of 150 (2%): odds ratio (95% CI) 6.68 (2.40–18.63), p value equals to 0.00003. Minor adverse events occurred in 1–4% of noninvasive ventilation transports.

Conclusions:
This review found observational study evidence of a rate of intubation or escalation of 0.4% during noninvasive ventilation transport of children 0–18 years old, with an in-transport adverse event rate of 1–4%. Further studies are required. If randomized trials are not possible, it is suggested that well-conducted observational studies are reported in a more standardized manner.
The Need and Desire for Mental Health and Substance Use–Related Services Among Clients of Publicly Funded Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinics in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Salway Travis , Ferlatte Olivier , Shoveller Jean , Purdie Aaron , Grennan Troy , Tan Darrell H. S. , Consolacion Theodora , Rich Ashleigh J. , Dove Naomi , Samji Hasina , Scott Kai , Blackwell Everett , Mirau Dean , Holgerson Natalie , Wong Jason , Gilbert Mark 
Published: November 2018

Context:
Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and mental health and substance use (MHSU) disorders all occur at elevated rates in sexual and gender minorities. These overlapping epidemics, or syndemics, are exacerbated by challenges these same populations face in accessing sexual/gender minority-affirming services. Many publicly funded STI clinics are a low barrier and provide sexual minority-competent care. These sites therefore may be uniquely situated to address clients' MHSU-related needs.

Objective:
We characterize the need and desire for MHSU services among STI clinic clients.

Design, Setting, Participants:
We conducted a waiting room survey at 6 STI clinics in Metro Vancouver, Canada.

Main Outcome Measures:
We calculated the proportion of clients with self-reported unmet MHSU needs in the previous 12 months and, among these clients, barriers to accessing MHSU services and desire for MHSU services within the STI clinic. We also examined social disparities in barriers to accessing MHSU services.

Results:
Among 1115 respondents—65% of whom were sexual minorities—39% reported a recent need for MHSU-related care, most frequently in relation to anxiety (29%), depression (26%), substance use (10%), or suicide ideation (7%). Seventy-two percent of this group had not yet talked to a provider about their concern. Common barriers included shame (26%) and inability to afford the service (24%). Eighty-three percent of clients with unmet MHSU needs indicated that they were comfortable discussing MHSU concerns with an STI clinic provider, and 94% expressed desire to receive MHSU assessments, referrals, or counseling in the STI clinic. Sexual and gender minorities and those attending a suburban clinic were more likely to report barriers to accessing MHSU services.

Conclusions:
More than a quarter of STI clinic clients report unmet MHSU health care needs; moreover, these clients report high levels of comfort with and desire to discuss MHSU concerns with STI clinic providers. Sexually transmitted infections clinics are thus opportune sites for syndemic service integration.
Anonymity Decreases the Punitive Nature of a Departmental Morbidity and Mortality Conference
Authors: Jansson Paul S. , Schuur Jeremiah D. , Baker Olesya , Hagan Sean C. , Nadel Eric S. , Aaronson Emily L. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives
We sought to analyze the effect of an anonymous morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference on participants' attitudes toward the educational and punitive nature of the conference. We theorized that an anonymous conference might be more educational, less punitive, and would shift analysis of cases toward systems-based analysis and away from individual cognitive errors.

Methods
We implemented an anonymous M&M conference at an academic emergency medicine program. Using a pre-post design, we assessed attitudes toward the educational and punitive nature of the conference as well as the perceived focus on systems versus individual errors analyzed during the conference. Means and standard deviations were compared using a paired t test.

Results
Fifteen conferences were held during the study period and 53 cases were presented. Sixty percent of eligible participants (n = 38) completed both the pretest and posttest assessments. There was no difference in the perceived educational value of the conference (4.42 versus 4.37, P = 0.661), but the conference was perceived to be less punitive (2.08 versus 1.76, P = 0.017). There was no difference between the perceived focus of the conference on systems (2.76 versus 2.76, P = 1.00) versus individual (4.21 versus 4.16, P = 0.644) errors. Most participants (59.5%) preferred that the conference remain anonymous.

Conclusions
We assessed the effect of anonymity in our departmental M&M conference for a 7-month period and found no difference in the perceived effect of M&M on the educational nature of the conference but found a small improvement in the punitive nature of the conference.
T1- and T2*-Mapping for Assessment of Tendon Tissue Biophysical Properties
Authors: Bachmann Elias , Rosskopf Andrea B. , Götschi Tobias , Klarhöfer Markus , Deligianni Xeni , Hilbe Monika , Pfirrmann Christian W.A. , Snedeker Jess Gerrit , Fischer Michael A. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives
The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess changes in collagen structure using MR T1- and T2*-mapping in a novel controlled ex vivo tendon model setup.

Materials and Methods
Twenty-four cadaveric bovine flexor tendons underwent MRI at 3 T before and after chemical modifications, representing mechanical degeneration and augmentation. Collagen degradation (COL), augmenting collagen fiber cross-linking (CXL), and a control (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) were examined in experimental groups, using histopathology as standard of reference. Variable echo-time and variable-flip angle gradient-echo sequences were used for T2*- and T1-mapping, respectively. Standard T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences were acquired for visual assessment of tendon texture. Tendons were assessed subsequently for their biomechanical properties and compared with quantitative MRI analysis.

Results
T1- and T2*-mapping was feasible and repeatable for untreated (mean, 545 milliseconds, 2.0 milliseconds) and treated tendons. Mean T1 and T2* values of COL, CXL, and PBS tendons were 1459, 934, and 1017 milliseconds, and 5.5, 3.6, and 2.5 milliseconds, respectively. T2* values were significantly different between enzymatically degraded tendons, cross-linked tendons, and controls, and were significantly correlated with mechanical tendon properties (r = −0.74, P < 0.01). T1 values and visual assessment could not differentiate CXL from PBS tendons. Photo-spectroscopy showed increased autofluorescence of cross-linked tendons, whereas histopathology verified degenerative lesions of enzymatically degraded tendons.

Conclusions
T2*-mapping has the potential to detect and quantify subtle changes in tendon collagen structure not visible on conventional clinical MRI. Tendon T2* values might serve as a biomarker for biochemical alterations associated with tendon pathology.
Modification of the Lazy-T Procedure for Correction of Punctal Ectropion
Authors: Ishikawa Eri , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Kakizaki Hirohiko 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Lazy-T procedure is used to correct moderate-to-severe punctal ectropion in the lower eyelid. It includes full-thickness wedge resection of the medial lower eyelid and horizontal tarso-conjunctival diamond excision inferior to the lower punctum. However, the skin wound vertical to the relaxed skin tension lines is often conspicuous and horizontal excision of a part of the tarsus may impair function of the meibomian gland. In this study, the authors developed a modified Lazy-T procedure, which includes subciliary incision, pentagonal tarso-conjunctival resection, and medial spindle excision for submerging the vertical wound after suturing the pentagonal tarso-conjunctival resection under the skin flap and minimizing damage to the tarsus. The modified Lazy-T procedure was applied in 4 eyelids of 3 patients and achieved good anatomical results with cosmetically acceptable postoperative appearances and no remarkable complication.
Assessing the Compliance of Randomized Controlled Trials Published in Craniofacial Surgery Journals With the CONSORT Statement
Authors: Borrelli Mimi R. , Farwana Reem , Andrew Tom W. , Chicco Maria , Abukhder Munir , Mobarak Dima , Thavayogan Rachel , Agha Riaz , Pidgeon Thomas E. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are gold standard assessments for healthcare interventions. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was published to maximize RCT reporting transparency. The authors conducted a systematic review to assess current compliance of RCTs published within craniofacial surgery with the CONSORT statement.

Methods:
The Thomson Reuters Impact Factor Report 2016 was consulted to identify craniofacial surgery journals. PubMed was used to search for recent RCTs published within the 5 journals identified. Two independent researchers assessed each study for inclusion and performed data extraction. The primary outcome was compliance of each RCT with the CONSORT statement. Secondary outcomes were the pathology and interventions examined, impact factor, multi-versus-single center, number of authors, and publication date.

Results:
Eighty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, across which a median of 56% (range 33%–94%) applicable CONSORT items were reported. The 5 least reported items were: trial design (3a); registration number and name of trial registry (23); who generated random allocation sequences, enrolled participants, and assigned participants to interventions (10); sample size determination (7a); mentioning “randomized trial” in the title (1a).

Conclusion:
The compliance of craniofacial surgery RCTs with the CONSORT statement requires improvement. Areas in need are identified, and methods to improve reporting transparency, are discussed.
Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Cellular Senescence in Keratinocytes Versus Fibroblasts
Authors: Moon Kyung-Chul , Yang Jong-Phil , Lee Jae-Sun , Jeong Seong-Ho , Dhong Eun-Sang , Han Seung-Kyu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Aging is a biologic process characterized by time-dependent functional declines that are influenced by oxidative stress-induced inflammatory reactions. In particular, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation plays a key role in cellular senescence in photo-aged skin. However, the cellular senescence of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts by UV irradiation may differ depending on the exposure time and dosage of UV irradiation. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of UV irradiation on cellular senescence in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). After cell viability test, 200 mJ/cm2 UV irradiation was used in this study. To evaluate the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species production, the levels of glutathione (GSH) and nitrite (NO2) were measured. We also performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assay. An overall decrease in GSH and an increase in NO2 were observed in the HaCaT and HDF cells. However, the time-line and dose-dependent effects varied. Higher expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin-1β than that of the control group were observed in both cells. The HDF cells showed high levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 and neutral endopeptidase protein but low levels of SIRT1 and procollagen I. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) was increased in the HaCaT cells, but not in the HDF cells. The NF-κB peaked at 1 hour after UV irradiation in the HaCaT cells. The “turning-on” signal was faster in the irradiated HaCaT cells.
Development of Multidirectional Cranial Distraction Osteogenesis for the Treatment of Craniosynostosis
Authors: Sunaga Ataru , Sugawara Yasushi , Kamochi Hideaki , Gomi Akira , Uda Hirokazu , Sarukawa Shunji , Yoshimura Kotaro 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Previously, the authors developed a new method of distraction osteogenesis for the treatment of craniosynostosis, multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis (MCDO). The purpose of this study is to review the authors’ experience of MCDO for remodeling of the anterior cranium in the patients of craniosynostosis.

Methods:
Forty-five patients with craniosynostosis underwent MCDO for anterior cranial remodeling from 2003 to 2017. The ages of the patients ranged from 8 to 72 months (mean: 23.9 months, median: 13 months). The involved sutures included the bicoronal suture in 14 patients, unicoronal suture in 4 patients, sagittal suture in 14 patients, metopic suture in 2 patient, and multiple sutures in 10 patients.

Results:
An improvement of in cranial shape was achieved in 40 patients. In 1 patient, intraoperative massive bleeding forced us finishing the procedure before completing the planned osteotomy. Transient cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 3 patients during the activation phase but recovered with conservative therapy. The mean blood transfusion was 25.5 mL/kg. The phase of activation ranged from 7 to 17 days (mean, 10.6 days) and the consolidation period ranged from 16 to 67 days (mean, 32.4 days). Loosening of traction pins occurred in 7 patients, resulting in undercorrection in 2 patients, and loosening of anchor pins occurred in 19 patients, resulting in acceleration of removal of the devices in 7 patients.

Conclusions:
Multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis was effective and has several advantages over the conventional procedures. Therefore, the authors conclude that MCDO will be a useful alternative for all phenotypes of craniosynostosis.
Preliminary Analysis on Characteristics of Rib Cartilage Calcification in Patients With Congenital Microtia
Authors: Guo Fengfeng , Yu Xiaobo , Chen Weiwei , Yang Qinghua , Pan Bo , Lin Lin , Jiang Haiyue 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Autogenous rib cartilage graft procedure for microtia reconstruction has been adopted as the most standardized current method. But calcification would make it difficult for cartilage harvesting and ear framework sculpting. The objective of this study was to explore the rate, degree, and pattern of rib cartilage calcification in microtia and to guide rib cartilage harvesting and the optimal timing of auricular reconstruction. A retrospective study was performed with the imaging data from 320 consecutive patients who received a preoperative 3-dimensional chest computed tomography (CT). Overall, calcification rate of cartilages in female patients was higher than male's (P < 0.05). In 6 to 15 years group, calcification rates of male and female had a similar rate, while female's were higher than male's in other 3 groups. Furthermore, the moderate-to-severe calcification rate was higher in female than in male patients (P < 0.001). Therefore, girls who are over 15 years should be paid more attention regarding the possibility of moderate-to-severe calcification; these patients should take CT examinations if necessary. Calcification rate of the youngest group (6–15 years) was the lowest of all groups, while other 3 groups showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). So merely the age increasing is not the contradiction for cartilage harvesting, as long as the authors effectively evaluate the condition of rib cartilage before operation. Rib cartilages serve as the key material in auricular framework sculpting and determine the feasibility and outcomes of the surgery. So CT examinations for preoperative evaluation of rib cartilage could be a useful method for planning microtia reconstruction.
Surgical Treatment of Growing Skull Fracture: Technical Aspects of Cranial Bone Reconstruction
Authors: Tamada Ikkei , Ihara Satoshi , Hasegawa Yuki , Aoki Marie 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare, posttraumatic complication observed mainly in young infants. In GSF, the skull fracture associated with an underlying dural tear gradually expands due to herniation of the intracranial tissue into the fracture site. Many reports have discussed GSF from various points of view. However, only a few studies have focused on the details of cranial reconstruction. The present study aims to redress this omission by shedding some light on bone work in GSF surgery.

Methods:
Patients registered in the institutional database who underwent surgical repair of GSF were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:
Four patients underwent surgical repair for GSF. The site of injury was parietal in 3 patients and occipital in 1 patient . Age at the time of injury ranged from 3 months to 1 year 5 months (mean: 7 months). The duration from injury to surgery ranged from 5 to 7 months (mean: 5 months). In all patients, dural reconstruction was performed with autologous periosteum and cranial reconstruction was performed with an autologous calvarial bone graft. Regardless of the age distribution, split bone grafting was possible for all patients.

Conclusion:
To diagnose GSF promptly and thereby reduce the risk of neurologic sequelae, careful observation of the course, and education of the patients’ parents are desirable. Although most children with GSF are under 3 years old, the age before the formation of the diploic layer, split bone grafts should be considered for the treatment of GSF to reduce the risk of residual cranial bone defects.
Dacryocystitis and Rhinosinusitis Secondary to Sarcoidosis
Authors: Ishikawa Eri , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Nishimura Kunihiro , Ito Makoto , Kakizaki Hirohiko 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Sarcoidosis rarely develops in the lacrimal sac. Lacrimal sac sarcoidosis may be associated with sarcoidosis-related rhinosinusitis. The anatomical and histological relationship between the lacrimal drainage system and nasal mucosa has been indicated as a predisposing factor for this concomitance. However, the characteristics of this condition are not fully understood. Herein, the authors report a case where dacryocystitis and rhinosinusitis developed secondary to sarcoidosis. Pathological examination of the lacrimal sac wall revealed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas in the subepithelial layer, which contains the lacrimal-drainage-associated lymphoid tissue. The lacrimal-drainage-associated lymphoid tissue comprises the main immune mechanism of the lacrimal system and forms a functional unit with the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and nasal mucosa to maintain ocular surface integrity through lymphocyte recirculation. Because sarcoidosis is an autoimmune disorder, this lymphocyte recirculation may be associated with the concurrent nasal lesions in the authors’ case.
Body Mass Index and Parotidectomy Outcomes
Authors: Ziegler Andrea , Teng Stephanie , Thorpe Eric 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Multiple specialties have demonstrated increased risk of certain postoperative complications in patients with an increased body mass index (BMI). The goal of this study was to understand the outcomes of patients undergoing parotidectomy with an increased BMI and to identify any other patient risk factors for postoperative complications. This study was a retrospective chart review of 432 patients. Patient variables collected included BMI, age, gender, history of diabetes mellitus, type of parotidectomy, and pathology. Outcomes reviewed included facial nerve weakness, hematoma or seroma formation, and wound infection. The results showed that BMI had no statistically significant effect on complications. However, patients undergoing a total parotidectomy, malignant pathology, and patients with a history of diabetes mellitus had significantly more postoperative facial weakness. In conclusion, BMI does not influence postoperative complications in patients undergoing parotidectomy. Patients with diabetes, those undergoing total parotidectomies, and patients with malignant pathology have significantly more facial weakness and should be counseled accordingly.