bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing resubstantiation of child neglect in South Korea: A comparison with other maltreatment cases
Authors: Kim Sewon , Yoo Joan P. , Chin Meejung , Jang Hwa Jung , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Lee Sang‐Gyun , Lee Bong Joo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhile a high prevalence of child neglect cases has been reported by Child Protective Services (CPS) in Western countries, child neglect cases reported to South Korea's Child Protection Agency (CPA) present different trends than those in Western countries. Nevertheless, child neglect is an understudied area within child welfare. Thus, a need exists to investigate the unique characteristics of child neglect cases substantiated by the CPA in Korea. This study investigates the unique characteristics of child neglect cases and examines how factors associated with the resubstantiation of these cases differ from those of other maltreatment cases. Using CPA administrative data, we employed a multilevel discrete‐time hazard analysis to analyze the risk and protective factors associated with the resubstantiation of child neglect cases and compared the results with other maltreatment cases. In both cases, younger children, perpetrators with alcohol problems, families receiving welfare, and months of agency operation were associated with resubstantiation. For child neglect cases, the provision of child and parent services, and CPAs located in metropolitan area were protective factors that reduced the risk of resubstantiation. The finding in this study highlights the need to expand the provision of services to child neglect cases to prevent resubstantiation.
Turnover intention predictors among social workers in China
Authors: Lin Wenyi , Deng Mengyuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine factors that best predict turnover among social workers in nonprofit organizations in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province of China. A sample of 312 social workers was selected to complete a self‐administered anonymous survey in 2014. A multiple logistical regression model was used to explain the different factors that influence social workers’ intention to leave their current jobs. The findings showed that age, education, perceived working condition, the perceived prospect of the social work profession, and social support predict turnover intention among social workers.
Solid organ transplantation in the HIV‐infected patient: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Blumberg Emily A. , Rogers Christin C. ,   the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Published: February 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the management of transplantation in HIV‐infected individuals. Transplantation has become the standard of care for patients with HIV and end‐stage kidney or liver disease. Although less data exist for thoracic organ and pancreas transplantation, it is likely that transplantation is also safe and effective for these recipients as well. Despite what is typically a transient decline in CD4+ T lymphocytes, HIV remains well controlled and infection risks are similar to those of HIV‐uninfected transplant recipients. The availability of effective directly active antivirals for the treatment of Hepatitis C is likely to improve outcomes in HIV and HCV co‐infected individuals, a population previously noted to have decreased survival. Drug interactions remain an important consideration, and integrase inhibitor‐based regimens are preferred due to the absence of interactions with calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors. Additionally, despite the use of more potent immunosuppression, rejection rates exceed those found in HIV‐uninfected recipients. Ongoing research evaluating HIV‐positive organ donors may provide support for utilizing these donors for HIV‐positive patients in need of transplantation.
Cranial anatomy of the early cynodont Galesaurus planiceps and the origin of mammalian endocranial characters
Authors: Pusch Luisa C. , Kammerer Christian F. , Fröbisch Jörg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe cranial anatomy of the early non‐mammalian cynodont Galesaurus planiceps from the South African Karoo Basin is redescribed on the basis of a computed tomographic reconstruction of the skull. Previously, little was known about internal skull morphology and the nervous and sensory system of this taxon. The endocranial anatomy of various cynodonts has been intensively studied in recent years to understand the origin of mammalian characters in the nasal capsule, brain and ear. However, these studies have focused on only a few taxa, the earliest of which is another Early Triassic cynodont, Thrinaxodon liorhinus. Galesaurus is phylogenetically stemward of Thrinaxodon and thus provides a useful test of whether the mammal‐like features observed in Thrinaxodon were present even more basally in cynodont evolution. The cranial anatomy of G. planiceps is characterized by an intriguing mosaic of primitive and derived features within cynodonts. In contrast to the very similar internal nasal and braincase morphology of Galesaurus and Thrinaxodon, parts of the skull that seem to be fairly conservative in non‐prozostrodont cynodonts, the morphology of the maxillary canal differs markedly between these taxa. Unusually, the maxillary canal of Galesaurus has relatively few ramifications, more similar to those of probainognathian cynodonts than that of Thrinaxodon. However, its caudal section is very short, a primitive feature shared with gorgonopsians and therocephalians. The otic labyrinth of Galesaurus is generally similar to that of Thrinaxodon, but differs in some notable features (e.g. proportional size of the anterior semicircular canal). An extremely large, protruding paraflocculus of the brain and a distinct medioventrally located notch on the anterior surface of the tabular, which forms the dorsal border of the large parafloccular lobe, are unique to Galesaurus among therapsids with reconstructed endocasts. These features may represent autapomorphies of Galesaurus, but additional sampling is needed at the base of Cynodontia to test this.
Risk factors and self‐perception for facial aging among Nepalese population
Authors: Bhatt Navin , Agrawal Sudha , Mehta Kabindra 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundFacial appearance has increasing importance to individuals and women, in particular. Till date, there are no reports of the extrinsic factors influencing skin aging in Nepalese population.ObjectivesTo assess the risk factors and self‐perception for facial aging in Nepalese population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 110 attendees aged 30‐70 years visiting the dermatology outpatient department of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. An interview of the attendees was conducted to establish their perceived risk factors and age knowledge based on a questionnaire. The facial wrinkling was estimated by facial wrinkle scores using standardized visual assessment method by a dermatologist who was blinded with regard to all risk factors and age of the subjects.ResultsAround 50% of attendees were conscious about facial health, 53% perceived their facial age as their chronological age, 39% used some facial care products, and 68% were aware of the risk factors for facial aging. The major perceived risk factors were unhealthy eating habits, stress, less exercise, dehydration, diseased state and sleeping habits. A significant association was found between increasing age, place of birth in hills or mountains and sun exposure with high wrinkling score.ConclusionFacial skin wrinkles can be considered as a marker for intrinsic aging. Though the main factor responsible for extrinsic aging is ultraviolet radiation, identification of the factors may help in motivating the individuals for the adoption of a range of healthy behaviors for facial age in Nepalese population that may provide important public health benefits.
CAN PERSONALITY UNDERPIN ATTITUDES TO BOTH SCIENCE AND RELIGION?
Authors: Cantor Geoffrey 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrawing on Peter Harrison's argument that individuals should be attributed a central role in analyses of the relationship between science and religion, this article proposes that an understanding of personality can help us better appreciate a person's attitudes to both science and religion. Rather than seeing an individual's attitudes to these two topics as separate, if sometimes overlapping, parts of their lives, it is suggested that both may result from psychological drives and sometimes from the same psychological drive. Two contrasting case studies are employed to illustrate this proposal. First, Paul Dirac who, it is argued, was on the autistic spectrum, a personality profile that is often linked to both mathematical physics and atheism. By contrast, Michael Faraday's scientific practice and his commitment to a specific form of Christianity were underpinned by his need for security, as assured by the God‐given laws that operated in both the physical and moral domains.
CARGOISM AND SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION IN THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Traphagan John W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article compares justifications of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) presented by scientists with ideational constructs associated with cargo cults in Melanesia. In focusing on similarities between cargoism and SETI, I argue that, understood in terms of cultural practice, aspects of the science of SETI have significant similarities to the religious elements that characterize cargoism. Through a focus on the construction of meanings, I consider how SETI and cargoism use similar signification systems to communicate meaning related to local social contexts and I draw a parallel with the religious and meaning structure of cargoism to show that SETI and cargoism employ similar strategies to justify beliefs. As a result, in some ways SETI represents a scientific framework that inhabits cultural and epistemological space that overlaps with religious space.
THE ATHENIAN ALTAR AND THE AMAZONIAN CHATBOT: A PAULINE READING OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND APOCALYPTIC ENDS
Authors: Morelli Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article explores questions about chatbots in particular and artificial intelligence (AI) in general from a Pauline, that is, a Christian theological perspective. It does so in a way that focuses on a particular scene in the New Testament: Paul in the Athenian Areopagus, considering an altar to an “unknown God,” quoting Greek poets and philosophers, and sharing curious theology as he dialogues with Stoic and Epicurean thinkers (Acts 17:16–34). By examining the sociohistorical nuances of this scene and their philosophical and theological implications, this article shows how the altar Paul considers philosophically and theologically becomes the focal point for an important dialogue about apocalyptic ends, or ideas about who we are, where we are going, and who or what is responsible for that who‐ness and where‐ness. In turn, this can teach us how to ask practical questions, which can uncover the unsuspected apocalyptic ends represented by, or even contained within, common technological objects such as chatbots.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND APOCALYPTICISM
Authors: Geraci Robert M. , Robinson Simon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis is an introduction to the Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Apocalypticism, which resulted from a conference hosted by the Centre for the Critical Study of Apocalyptic and Millenarian Movements (CenSAMM) in Bedford, UK. The introduction provides a brief history of scholarly work in the intersections of apocalypticism and artificial intelligence and of the emergence of CenSAMM from a millenarian religious community, the Panacea Society. It concludes by pointing toward the contributions of the symposium's essays.
THE RELIGIOUS PRECONDITIONS FOR THE RACE CONCEPT IN MODERN SCIENCE
Authors: Keel Terence D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe view that science and religion are necessarily in conflict has increasingly lost favor among scholars who have sought more nuanced theoretical frameworks for evaluating the configurations of these two bodies of knowledge in modern life. This article situates, for the first time, the modern study of race into scholarly assessments on the relations between religion and science. I argue that the formation of the race concept in the minds of Western European and American scientists grew out of and remained indebted to Christian intellectual history. Religion was not subtracted from nor stood in conflict with constructions of race developed across the modern life and health sciences.
“LANDSCAPE PLOTTED AND PIECED”: EXPLORING THE CONTOURS OF ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN (NEURO)SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY
Authors: Bennett Pat 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article—the first of a linked set of three outlining the development and practice of a different approach to science/religion dialogue—begins with an overview of some persistent tensions in the field. Then, using a threefold heuristic of encounter, engagement, and expression, it explores the routes taken by James Ashbrook and Andrew Newberg to develop a dialogue between theology and neuroscience, discussing some of the problems associated with these and their implications for attempts to further develop neurotheology. Finally, it proposes a different way of thinking about this enterprise and points toward a new methodology for supporting this endeavor.
“THINGS COUNTER, ORIGINAL, SPARE, STRANGE”: DEVELOPING A POSTFOUNDATIONAL TRANSVERSAL MODEL FOR SCIENCE/RELIGION DIALOGUE
Authors: Bennett Pat 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis second of three articles outlining the development and practice of a different approach to neurotheology discusses the construction of a suitable methodology for the project based on the work of J. Wentzel van Huyssteen. It explores the origin and contours of his concept of postfoundational rationality, its potential as a locus for epistemological parity between science and religion and the distinctive and unique transversal space model for interdisciplinary dialogue which he builds on these. It then proposes a further development of the model which has the potential to produce a very different type of additional and original dialogical outcome. While such “transversal” outputs may initially seem counter and strange they not only flow naturally from the models’ own inherent dynamics but also open up the possibility of a distinctively different form of neurotheology.
CHRISTIAN THOUGHT, RACE, BLUMENBACH, AND HISTORICIZING
Authors: Hamm Ernie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTerence Keel's Divine Variations: How Christian Thought Became Racial Science attributes the origins of “racial science” to Christian intellectual history. This is a bold and original argument, but it is not without deep difficulties, particularly in the early sections of the book. The concept of “race” is not sufficiently historicized and the treatment of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach needs to be more firmly grounded in the world of eighteenth‐century natural history.
“ÁLL TRÁDES, THEIR GEAR AND TACKLE AND TRIM”: THEOLOGY, COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, AND PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY IN TRANSVERSAL DIALOGUE
Authors: Bennett Pat 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis third of three articles outlining a different approach to science/religion dialogue generally and to engagement between theology and the neurosciences specifically, gives a brief account of the model in practice. It begins by introducing the question to be investigated—whether the experience of relational connection can affect health outcomes by directly moderating immune function. Then, employing the same threefold heuristic of encounter, exchange, and expression used previously, it discusses how the transversal model set out in these articles has been used to investigate this question and to develop a theoretical physiological model for the proposed link between relationality and health.
“WHITE CRISIS” AND/AS “EXISTENTIAL RISK,” OR THE ENTANGLED APOCALYPTICISM OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Ali Syed Mustafa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, I present a critique of Robert Geraci's Apocalyptic artificial intelligence (AI) discourse, drawing attention to certain shortcomings which become apparent when the analytical lens shifts from religion to the race–religion nexus. Building on earlier work, I explore the phenomenon of existential risk associated with Apocalyptic AI in relation to “White Crisis,” a modern racial phenomenon with premodern religious origins. Adopting a critical race theoretical and decolonial perspective, I argue that all three phenomena are entangled and they should be understood as a strategy, albeit perhaps merely rhetorical, for maintaining white hegemony under nonwhite contestation. I further suggest that this claim can be shown to be supported by the disclosure of continuity through change in the long‐durée entanglement of race and religion associated with the establishment, maintenance, expansion, and refinement of the modern/colonial world system if and when such phenomena are understood as iterative shifts in a programmatic trajectory of domination which might usefully be framed as “algorithmic racism.”
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORK FOR ISLAMIC COGNITIVE THEORIES
Authors: Kaplick Paul M. , Chaudhary Yaqub , Hasan Abdullah , Yusuf Asim , Keshavarzi Hooman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Islamic psychology (IP) community in Europe has recently witnessed a heated debate about the credentials required to participate in the theoretical substantiation of IP and Islamically integrated psychotherapy and counseling. This debate has provided convenient circumstances for Muslim psychologists and Islamic scholars alike to rethink their roles within the flourishing movement. Specifically, the discussions hint toward the importance of adopting a collaborative research methodology for IP, in particular for basic research. The methodology of choice will need to define the necessary qualifications and responsibilities of scholars and psychologists in a collaborative research process (personal collaboration) and evince its capability to appropriately marry knowledge and data, diverging research methods, and perspectives, concepts, and theories from Islamic studies and contemporary psychology (content‐related collaboration). Here, we devise and offer a case illustration of an Islamic Psychology Basic Research Framework (coined the SALAAM Framework). This framework uses the Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (IIS) Model of Interdisciplinary Research, developed by the IIS at the University of Amsterdam. Our first aim is to appropriate the IIS model for the IP literature by applying the model's research process phases and technique for the integration of disparate bodies of knowledge—that is, the identification of common ground—to methodological approaches in the contemporary IP literature. Our second aim is to exemplify the devised SALAAM Framework using the relatively unexplored area of Islamic cognitive theories (ICTs), which remain underdeveloped in contemporary psychological literature, primarily because of a lack of commensurability with the nomenclature of contemporary psychology. We thus provide a primer on the potential scope of ICTs. Toward the end of this article, we discuss the potential of the project of interdisciplinary construction of Islamic psychological theory, and the ability of the SALAAM Framework to establish a research program in IP that centers on cognition. We finally offer our reflections on the distinctiveness of Islamic psychologies in comparison to mainstream and Christian psychology.
THE CARDINALITY OF ORTHOGONAL EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS ON THE SPATIAL SIERPINSKI GASKET
Authors: ZHENG JIA , LIU JING-CHENG , CHEN MING-LIANG 
Published: February 2019

For the self-affine measures [Formula: see text] generated by a diagonal matrix [Formula: see text] with entries [Formula: see text] and the digit set [Formula: see text], Li showed that there exists an infinite orthogonal exponential functions set in [Formula: see text] if and only if at least two of the three numbers [Formula: see text] are even, and conjectured that there exist at most four mutually orthogonal exponential functions in [Formula: see text] for other cases [J.-L. Li, Non-spectrality of self-affine measures on the spatial Sierpinski gasket, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 432 (2015) 1005–1017]. This conjecture was disproved by Wang and Li through constructing a class of the eight-element orthogonal exponential functions [Q. Wang and J.-L. Li, There are eight-element orthogonal exponentials on the spatial Sierpinski gasket, Math. Nachr. 292 (2019) 211–226]. In this paper, we will show that there are any number of orthogonal exponential functions in [Formula: see text] if two of the three numbers [Formula: see text] are different odd and the other is even.
Impairment on Cardiopulmonary Function after Marathon: Role of Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Authors: Sierra Ana Paula , Oliveira-Junior Manoel Carneiro , Almeida Francine Maria , Benetti Marino , Oliveira Rodrigo , Felix Soraia Nogueira , Genaro Isabella Santos , Romanholo Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva , Ghorayeb Nabil , Kiss Maria Augusta Peduti Dal Molin , Cury-Boaventura Maria Fernanda , Pesquero João Bosco , Vieira Rodolfo Paula 
Published: February 2019

Background. The endurance exercise is capable of inducing skeletal muscle, heart, and respiratory fatigue, evidenced by morphofunctional cardiac changes, release of myocardial injury biomarkers, and reduction of maximal voluntary ventilation and oxygen consumption (VO2) at peak exercise. Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate whether marathoners present cardiac fatigue after marathon and whether it correlates with pulmonary levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and pulmonary inflammation. Methods. 31 male marathoners, age 39±9 years, were evaluated by cardiopulmonary exercise test three weeks before and between three and 15 days after a marathon; eNO analysis and spirometry were evaluated before, immediately after, and 24 and 72 hours after the marathon, and sputum cellularity and cytokine level were assessed before and after the marathon. Results. Marathon induced an increase in the percentage of macrophages, neutrophils (from 0.65% to 4.28% and 6.79% to 14.11%, respectively), and epithelial cells and a decrease in cytokines in induced sputum, followed by an increase in eNO concentration (20±11 to 35±19 ppb), which presented a significant reduction 24 and 72 hours after marathon (9±12 e 12±9 ppb, p<0.05). We observed a decrease in the spirometry parameters in all time points assessed after the marathon (p<0.05) as well as in cardiopulmonary capacity, evidenced by a reduction in VO2 and ventilation peaks (57±6 to 55±6 mL·min-1·Kg-1 and 134±19 to 132±18 Lpm, respectively, p<0.05). Finally, we observed a negative correlation between the decrease in forced expiratory volume and decrease in eNO 24 and 72 hours after marathon (r=−0.4, p=0.05). Conclusion. Reduction in eNO bioavailability after marathon prevents the reduction in cardiopulmonary capacity induced by acute inflammatory pattern after marathon.