bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal protein intake during pregnancy for reducing the risk of fetal growth restriction: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Morisaki Naho , Nagata Chie , Yasuo Shinobu , Morokuma Seiichi , Kato Kiyoko , Sanefuji Masafumi , Shibata Eiji , Tsuji Mayumi , Senju Ayako , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Ohga Shouichi , Kusuhara Koichi ,   Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: November 2018

AbstractClinical trials show that protein supplement increases infant size in malnourished populations; however, epidemiological studies in high-income countries have reported mixed results. Although these findings suggest a non-linear relationship between maternal macronutrient intake and fetal growth, this relationship has not been closely examined. We assessed the association between maternal protein intake and fetal growth among 91 637 Japanese women with singletons in a nation-wide cohort study using validated FFQ. The respondents answered the FFQ twice, once during early pregnancy (FFQ1; 16·3 (sd 6·0) weeks), and second during mid-pregnancy (FFQ2, 28·1 (sd 4·1) weeks). Daily energy intake and percentage energy from protein, fats and carbohydrates were 7477 (sd 2577) kJ and 13·5 (sd 2·0), 29·5 (sd 6·5) and 55·3 (sd 7·8) %, respectively, for FFQ1, and 7184 (sd 2506) kJ and 13·6 (sd 2·1), 29·8 (sd 6·6) and 55·3 (sd 7·9) %, respectively, for FFQ2. The average birth weight was 3028 (sd 406) g, and 6350 infants (6·9 %) were small for gestational age (SGA). In both phases of the survey, birth weight was highest and the risk of SGA was lowest when the percentage energy from protein was 12 %, regardless of whether isoenergetic replacement was with fat or carbohydrates. Furthermore, when protein density in the maternal diet was held constant, birth weight was highest when 25 % of energy intake came from fat and 61 % came from carbohydrates during early pregnancy. We found maternal protein intake to have an inverse U-curve relationship with fetal growth. Our results strongly suggest that the effect of protein on birth weight is non-linear, and that a balanced diet fulfilling the minimum requirement for all macronutrients was ideal for avoiding fetal growth restriction.
Fluoride retention in infants living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas: effects of weaning
Authors: Zohoori Fatemeh V. , Omid Narges , Sanderson Roy A. , Valentine Ruth A. , Maguire Anne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLimited knowledge is available on total fluoride exposure, excretion and retention in infants, despite the first year of human life being the critical period for dental development and risk of dental fluorosis. This study investigated total daily fluoride intake (TDFI), excretion (TDFE) and retention (TDFR) in infants living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated water areas at pre- and post-weaning stages of development. Healthy infants, aged 0–12 months, were recruited and their TDFI (mg/kg body weight (BW) per d), from diet and toothpaste ingestion, was assessed over a 3-d period using a dietary diary and tooth-brushing questionnaire. TDFE (mg/kg BW per d) was estimated by collecting 48-h urine and faeces. TDFR (mg/kg BW per d) was estimated by subtracting TDFE from TDFI. A total of forty-seven infants completed the study: sixteen at pre-weaning and thirty-one at post-weaning stages, with a mean age of 3·4 and 10·0 months, respectively. TDFI was lower in the non-fluoridated area (P<0·001) and at the pre-weaning stage (P=0·002) but higher in formula-fed infants (P<0·001). TDFE was mainly affected by type of feeding, with higher excretion in formula-fed infants (P<0·001). TDFR was lower in the non-fluoridated area (P<0·001) and at the pre-weaning stage (P<0·001) but higher in formula-fed infants (P=0·001). In conclusion, a relatively large proportion of fluoride intake is retained in the body in weaned infants. This is an important consideration in fluoride-based prevention programmes, with goals to maximise caries prevention while minimising the risk of dental fluorosis.
EXTENSIONS OF HILBERTIAN RINGS
Authors: JARDEN MOSHE , RAZON AHARON 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe generalize known results about Hilbertian fields to Hilbertian rings. For example, letRbe a Hilbertian ring (e.g.Ris the ring of integers of a number field) with quotient fieldKand letAbe an abelian variety overK. Then, for every extensionMofKinK(Ator(Ksep)), the integral closureRMofRinMis Hilbertian.
SCIENCE IN HISTORY
Authors: POSKETT JAMES 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhat is the history of science? How has it changed over the course of the twentieth century? And what does the future hold for the discipline? This ‘Retrospect’ provides an introduction to the historiography of science as it developed in the Anglophone world. It begins with the foundation of the Cambridge History of Science Committee in the 1940s and ends with the growth of cultural history in the 2000s. At the broadest level, it emphasizes the need to consider the close relationship between history and the history of science. All too often the historiography of science is treated separately from history at large. But as this essay shows, these seemingly distinct fields often developed in relation to one another. This essay also reveals the ways in which Cold War politics shaped the history of science as a discipline. It then concludes by considering the future, suggesting that the history of science and the history of political thought would benefit from greater engagement with one another.
THE ANCIENT CONSTITUTION AND THE LANGUAGES OF POLITICAL THOUGHT
Authors: GOLDIE MARK 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHistorians of political thought speak of ‘languages’ of politics. A language provides a lexicon, an available resource for legitimating positions. It is looser than a ‘theory’, because protean, and not predictive of particular doctrines. Some languages attract considerable scholarly attention, while others languish, for all that they were ambient in past cultures. In recent scholarship on early modern European thought, natural law and civic humanism have dominated. Yet prescriptive appeals to national historiographies were equally pervasive. Many European cultures appealed to Tacitean mythologies of a Gothic ur-constitution. The Anglophone variant dwelt on putative Saxon freedoms, the status of the Norman ‘Conquest’, whether feudalism ruptured the Gothic inheritance, and how common law related to ‘reason’, natural law, and divine law. Whigs rooted parliaments in the Saxonwitenagemot; though, by the eighteenth century, ‘modern’ Whigs discerned liberty as the fruit of recent socio-economic change. Levellers and Chartists alike talked of liberation from the ‘Norman Yoke’. These themes were explored from the 1940s onwards under the stimulus of Herbert Butterfield; one result was J. G. A. Pocock's classicAncient constitution and the feudal law(1957).
The leishmanicidal activity of artemisinin is mediated by cleavage of the endoperoxide bridge and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: De Sarkar Sritama , Sarkar Deblina , Sarkar Avijit , Dighal Aishwarya , Chakrabarti Sasanka , Staniek Katrin , Gille Lars , Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEndoperoxides kill malaria parasitesviacleavage of their endoperoxide bridge by haem or iron, leading to generation of cytotoxic oxygen-centred radicals. In view of theLeishmaniaparasites having a relatively compromised anti-oxidant defense and high iron content, this study aims to establish the underlying mechanism(s) accounting for the apoptotic-like death ofLeishmaniapromastigotes by artemisinin, an endoperoxide. The formation of reactive oxygen species was confirmed by flow cytometry and was accompanied by inhibition of mitochondrial complexes I–III and II–III. However, this did not translate into a generation of mitochondrial superoxide or decrease in oxygen consumption, indicating minimal impairment of the electron transport chain. Artemisinin caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane along with a substantial depletion of adenosine triphosphatase (ATP), but it was not accompanied by enhancement of ATP hydrolysis. Collectively, the endoperoxide-mediated radical formation by artemisinin inLeishmaniapromastigotes was the key step for triggering its antileishmanial activity, leading secondarily to mitochondrial dysfunction indicating that endoperoxides represent a promising therapeutic strategy againstLeishmaniaworthy of pharmacological consideration.
Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hemiuroidea (Platyhelminthes, Neodermata:Trematoda) based on partial 28S rDNA sequences
Authors: Sokolov Sergey G. , Atopkin Dmitry M. , Urabe Misako , Gordeev Ilya I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the present paper, the phylogenetic relationships between genera, subfamilies and families of the Hemiuroidea are explored. Twelve new sequences of 28 rDNA and data taken from GenBank (NSBI) on 43 species affiliated to 34 genera were included in the analysis. Most of the hemiuroidean trematodes form two highly supported clades (A and B), which are sister groups to each other.Hemipera manterijoined withGonocercaspp. with moderate statistical support. This clade is basal relative to the clades A and B. Сlade A is polytomic and contains representatives of the families Accacoeliidae, Syncoeliidae, Didymozoidae, Hirudinellidae and Sclerodistomidae, and derogenid subfamilies Derogeninae and Halipeginae. At the same time, the Syncoeliidae, Hirudinellidae and Accacoeliidae form a well-supported monophyletic group. The phylogenetic relationship between Derogeninae and Halipeginae is poorly resolved. Сlade B unites the isoparorchiid, bunocotylid, lecithasterid and hemiurid trematodes. Our data re-establishes the family Bunocotylidae, which consists of two subfamilies, Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylinae, and theMachidatrema chilostoma+Hysterolecithoides frontilatusgroup. The Bunocotylidae is the sister group to the Hemiuridae + Lecithasteridae group and the Isoparorchiidae is a basal relative to the representatives of these three hemiuroid families.
Joint factorial structure of psychopathology and personality
Authors: Rosenström Tom , Gjerde Line C. , Krueger Robert F. , Aggen Steven H. , Czajkowski Nikolai Olavi , Gillespie Nathan A. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Torvik Fartein Ask , Ystrom Eivind 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundNormative and pathological personality traits have rarely been integrated into a joint large-scale structural analysis with psychiatric disorders, although a recent study suggested they entail a common individual differences continuum.MethodsWe explored the joint factor structure of 11 psychiatric disorders, five personality-disorder trait domains (DSM-5 Section III), and five normative personality trait domains (the ‘Big Five’) in a population-based sample of 2796 Norwegian twins, aged 19‒46.ResultsThree factors could be interpreted: (i) a general risk factor for all psychopathology, (ii) a risk factor specific to internalizing disorders and traits, and (iii) a risk factor specific to externalizing disorders and traits. Heritability estimates for the three risk factor scores were 48% (95% CI 41‒54%), 35% (CI 28‒42%), and 37% (CI 31‒44%), respectively. All 11 disorders had uniform loadings on the general factor (congruence coefficient of 0.991 with uniformity). Ignoring sign and excluding the openness trait, this uniformity of factor loadings held for all the personality trait domains and all disorders (congruence 0.983).ConclusionsBased on our findings, future research should investigate joint etiologic and transdiagnostic models for normative and pathological personality and other psychopathology.
Jumping to conclusions at first onset of psychosis predicts longer admissions, more compulsory admissions and police involvement over the next 4 years: the GAP study
Authors: Rodriguez Victoria , Ajnakina Olesya , Stilo Simona A. , Mondelli Valeria , Marques Tiago Reis , Trotta Antonella , Quattrone Diego , Gardner-Sood Poonam , Colizzi Marco , Wiffen Benjamin D. , Dazzan Paola , Di Forti Marta , Falcone M Aurora , David Anthony S. , Murray Robin M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundJumping to conclusions (JTC), which is the proneness to require less information before forming beliefs or making a decision, has been related to formation and maintenance of delusions. Using data from the National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Genetics and Psychosis (GAP) case–control study of first-episode psychosis (FEP), we set out to test whether the presence of JTC would predict poor clinical outcome at 4 years.MethodsOne-hundred and twenty-three FEP patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and the probabilistic reasoning ‘Beads’ Task at the time of recruitment. The sample was split into two groups based on the presence of JTC bias. Follow-up data over an average of 4 years were obtained concerning clinical course and outcomes (remission, intervention of police, use of involuntary treatment – the Mental Health Act (MHA) – and inpatient days).ResultsFEP who presented JTC at baseline were more likely during the follow-up period to be detained under the MHA [adjusted OR 15.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.92–83.54,p= 0.001], require intervention by the police (adjusted OR 14.95, 95% CI 2.68–83.34,p= 0.002) and have longer admissions (adjusted IRR = 5.03, 95% CI 1.91–13.24,p= 0.001). These associations were not accounted for by socio-demographic variables, IQ and symptom dimensions.ConclusionsJTC in FEP is associated with poorer outcome as indicated and defined by more compulsion police intervention and longer periods of admission. Our findings raise the question of whether the implementation of specific interventions to reduce JTC, such as Metacognition Training, may be a useful addition in early psychosis intervention programmes.
Answer set programming and agents
Authors: Dyoub Abeer , Costantini Stefania , De Gasperis Giovanni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the potential role of answer set programming (ASP) in the context of approaches to the development of agents and multi-agent systems especially in the realm of Computational Logic. After shortly recalling the main (computational-logic-based) agent-oriented frameworks, we introduce ASP; then, we discuss the usefulness of a potential integration of the two paradigms in a modular heterogeneous framework, and the feasibility of such integration. This also in the more general view of improving and empowering flexibility of agent-oriented frameworks. Relevant literature will be mentioned and discussed. Possible future directions and potential developments will be outlined.
Maternal and paternal trajectories of depressive symptoms predict family risk and children's emotional and behavioral problems after the birth of a sibling
Authors: Volling Brenda L. , Yu Tianyi , Gonzalez Richard , Tengelitsch Elizabeth , Stevenson Matthew M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current study examined trajectories of maternal and paternal depression in the year following the birth of an infant sibling, and relations with family risk factors and firstborn children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Latent class growth analysis was conducted on 231 families in a longitudinal investigation (prebirth and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postbirth) and revealed four classes of families: both mother and father low in depressive symptoms (40.7%); mother high–father low (25.1%); father high–mother low (24.7%), and both mother and father high (9.5%). Families with both mothers and fathers high on depressive symptoms were higher on marital negativity, parenting stress, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems, and lower on marital positivity and parental efficacy than other classes. Children, parents, and marital relationships were more problematic in families with fathers higher on depressive symptoms than in families in which mothers were higher, indicating the significant role of paternal support for firstborn children undergoing the transition to siblinghood. Maternal and paternal depression covaried with an accumulation of family risks over time, no doubt increasing the likelihood of children's problematic adjustment after the birth of their infant sibling.
The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and child's sex moderate the relationship between disaster-related prenatal maternal stress and autism spectrum disorder traits: The QF2011 Queensland flood study
Authors: Laplante David P. , Simcock Gabrielle , Cao-Lei Lei , Mouallem Maya , Elgbeili Guillaume , Brunet Alain , Cobham Vanessa , Kildea Sue , King Suzanne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter has been shown to play a role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Moreover, disaster-related prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has also been shown to be associated with ASD. However, no study to date has examined whether these two factors, either individually or in combination, are predictive of ASD traits in the same sample. We hypothesized that children, particularly boys, with the LL genotype exposed to high levels of disaster-related PNMS would exhibit higher levels of ASD traits compared to boys with the LS or SS genotypes and girls regardless of genotype. Genotype and ASD levels obtained using the Australian normed Autism Spectrum Rating Scales – Short Form were available for 105 30-month-old children exposed to varying levels of PNMS following the 2011 Queensland Flood. For boys, higher ASD traits were associated with the 5-HTTLPR LL genotype in combination with either a negative maternal appraisal of the flood, or high levels of maternal composite subjective stress, PSTD-like or peritraumatic dissociation symptoms. For girls, maternal peritraumatic dissociation levels in combination with the 5-HTTLPR LS or SS genotype were associated with higher ASD traits. The present findings are the first to demonstrate that children’s genotype moderates effects of disaster-related PNMS on ASD traits, with different pattern according to child sex.
Contents of a Bug-Out Bag
Authors: Ostrovskiy Grigory , Shemesh Amos J 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA large number of civilian agencies have published guides and recommendations on how to assemble personal and family emergency kits. However, the kits resulting from following these guidelines are impractical, particularly in the event evacuation becomes necessary. This report describes an alternative approach to assembling an emergency kit.OstrovskiyG, ShemeshAJ. Contents of a bug-out bag. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(6):647–649.
Recognition of Facial Emotion and Affective Prosody in Children at High Risk of Criminal Behavior
Authors: van Zonneveld Lisette , de Sonneville Leo , van Goozen Stephanie , Swaab Hanna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjective:Emotion recognition is an important aspect of emotion processing, which is needed for appropriate social behavior and normal socialization. Previous studies in adults with antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy, in those convicted of criminal behavior, or in children with conduct disorder show impairments in negative emotion recognition. The present study investigated affective facial and prosody recognition in a sample of children at high risk of developing future criminal behavior.Methods:Participants were 8- to 12-year-old children at high risk of developing criminal behavior (N=219, 83.1% boys) and typically developing controls (N=43, 72.1% boys). The high-risk children were recruited through an ongoing early intervention project of the city of Amsterdam, that focuses on the underage siblings or children of delinquents, and those failing to attend school. Facial and vocal recognition of happy, sad, angry, and fear was measured with the Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) test and the prosody test of the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks (ANT), respectively.Results:The high-risk group was significantly worse in facial affect recognition and had particular problems with fear and sadness recognition. No hostile attribution bias was found. The high-risk group did not differ from controls in affective prosody recognition but needed significantly more time to recognize emotions.Conclusions:The emotion-specific deficits found in forensic and clinical populations are already present in a sample of children at high risk of developing future criminal behavior. These findings help us understand a possible underlying mechanism of antisocial behavior that could provide directions for tailored interventions. (JINS, 2019, 25, 57–64)
‘Why do we need a policy?’ Administrators’ perceptions on breast-feeding-friendly childcare
Authors: Marhefka Stephanie L , Sharma Vinita , Schafer Ellen J , Turner DeAnne , Falope Oluyemisi , Louis-Jacques Adetola , Wachira Mary M , Livingston Taylor , Roig-Romero Regina Maria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveMothers’ return to work and childcare providers’ support for feeding expressed human milk are associated with breast-feeding duration rates in the USA, where most infants are regularly under non-parental care. The objective of the present study was to explore Florida-based childcare centre administrators’ awareness and perceptions of the Florida Breastfeeding Friendly Childcare Initiative.DesignSemi-structured interviews were based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and analysed using applied thematic analysis.SettingChildcare centre administrators in Tampa Bay, FL, USA, interviewed in 2015.ParticipantsTwenty-eight childcare centre administrators: female (100 %) and Non-Hispanic White (61 %) with mean age of 50 years and 13 years of experience.ResultsMost administrators perceived potential implementation of the Florida Breastfeeding Friendly Childcare Initiative as simple and beneficial. Tension for change and a related construct (perceived consumer need for the initiative) were low, seemingly due to formula-feeding being normative. Perceived financial costs and relative priority varied. Some centres had facilitating structural characteristics, but none had formal breast-feeding policies.ConclusionsA cultural shift, facilitated by state and national breast-feeding-friendly childcare policies and regulations, may be important for increasing tension for change and thereby increasing access to breast-feeding-friendly childcare. Similar to efforts surrounding the rapid growth of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, national comprehensive evidence-based policies, regulations, metrics and technical assistance are needed to strengthen state-level breast-feeding-friendly childcare initiatives.