bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven Performance Indicators for SAGD Process of Oil Sands Using Support Vector Regression Machine with Parameter Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Yu Yang , Liu Yang , Bao Yu , Geng Xiaoyan , Luo Qiang , Sun Hao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid and accurate forecasting of performance in the Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process for oil sands is crucial for the reasonable design of the development plan. This study aims to address this need by presenting novel data-driven performance indicators based on support vector regression (SVR), a machine learning method that complements the traditional physics-driven approach. During the SAGD process, steam is injected into the reservoir to heat the bitumen, reducing its viscosity, and allowing it to flow towards a lower well where it can be collected. The performance of the SAGD process depends on various factors such as steam injection rate, reservoir heterogeneity, and operating conditions. Accurately forecasting the performance of the SAGD process can help optimize these parameters and improve the overall efficiency of oil sands recovery. The data-driven performance indicators proposed in this study utilize the SVR method to establish a relationship between input parameters and the desired performance outputs. In the constructing process, some parameter optimization algorithms, like grid search method, particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm, are used to identify the optimal SVR model structure. The validation results show that the design meets the desired objectives. All in all, through proposed data-driven performance indicators, the performance of SAGD process in candidate oil sands projects could be rapidly and easily obtained.
Voltaire FRS: His career as a scientist
Authors: Cronk Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Voltaire is remembered as one of the leading thinkers of the European Enlightenment, often quoted today for his views on free speech and religious toleration. In his lifetime he also enjoyed a reputation as a scientific thinker. His Éléments de la philosophie de Newton, published in 1738, did much to further understanding of Isaac Newton in Europe and led to Voltaire’s election as a Fellow of the Royal Society. He even tried his hand at experimental research and briefly entertained an ambition to become the Permanent Secretary of the French Académie des sciences. The plan came to nothing, but Voltaire’s presentation and promotion of Newtonian physics was enormously influential and has continued to this day to influence our understanding of Enlightenment scientific thinking.
Frederick Lindemann and the renaissance of physics in Oxford
Authors: Farmelo Graham 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Frederick Lindemann was the most controversial of all leaders in the history of physics at the University of Oxford. This paper reviews his development as a physicist and his ascent to an Oxford Chair and through his friendship with Winston Churchill, his role as an influential operator in Westminster. It is argued that although Lindemann was a widely unpopular figure - and had undeniable weakness and character flaws - his achievements have been under-rated.
Ptolemaic astronomy and its dissemination in the Islamic world, Europe, and Asia
Authors: van Dalen Benno 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The geometrical planetary models that the 2nd century Greek scholar Ptolemy introduced in his major astronomical work, the Almagest were highly influential for more than a millennium. This paper briefly describes the characteristics of these models and the way in which astronomical activities in the Islamic world developed on the basis of Ptolemy’s work. It then discusses three cases of transmission of Islamic astronomy to surrounding parts of the world, namely to China under the Mongolian Yuan dynasty (13th and 14th century), to India during the Mughal empire (c. 1730), where it was used together with the latest European astronomical tables and to Europe, where a mixture of early Indian and Ptolemaic astronomy that had reached the western Islamic world in the 10th century remained influential until the beginning of the Renaissance.
From SMART1 and recent probes towards Artemis and a human/robotic Moon Village
Authors: Foing Bernard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper describes highlights of some of the European Space Agency (ESA) missions to the Moon, such as the 2003 ESA SMART-1 Mission to the Moon and the fleet of orbital missions from 2007 that changed our views of the Moon. It discusses the International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG) MoonVillage roadmap towards a series of landers or a robotic village, and then a Moon Village with human and robotic permanent presence. The paper shows some technical developments as well as laboratory and habitat simulations, and EuroMoonMars Field campaigns developed to prepare for Artemis, future lunar research stations and the MoonVillage. The new initiatives MVA, ArtMoonMars, EMMPOL, EuroSpaceHub are also described.
Space travel across the decades and beyond: A brief history of NASA’s space programme
Authors: Green James L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) journey into the cosmos is a captivating tapestry of milestones that have revolutionised our understanding of space. The intense competition in the early part of the Space Race between the US and Soviet space programmes fuelled rapid advancements in spacecraft technology, space science and interplanetary exploration strategies as both countries tried to be the first to put humans on the Moon. For NASA, human exploration began with the Mercury missions, followed by the Gemini missions proving humans could travel and work in space. The early pinnacle of NASA’s human space explorations came with the Apollo programme, which triumphantly made six historic lunar landings bringing back 382 kg of lunar material and leaving many important instruments on the Moon. Following the human Moon landings, NASA embraced space station missions with the marvel of engineering known as the Space Shuttle. This led to the assembly and maintenance of the International Space Station (ISS), a colossal orbiting laboratory hosting countless scientific experiments in microgravity. Now, NASA’s future human space exploration sets its sights on going back to the Moon, then onto Mars, aiming to establish a long-term human presence in the Solar System. Additionally, NASA’s science missions encompass Astrophysics, Earth Science, Heliophysics, Planetary Science, and Biological and Physical Sciences, yielding groundbreaking discoveries about our Sun, climate change, the Solar System and the Universe beyond and how life survives in the harshness of space. NASA’s extraordinary odyssey has left an indelible mark on human history, unlocking the secrets of the cosmos and igniting the dreams for past and future generations to come.
What is a clock?
Authors: Barbour Julian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Without differences between what we experience in different instants, we could never have a notion of time and its passage. The hands of a clock must move if it is to tell time and measure duration. As regards the direction of time, evidence from the Newtonian theory of gravitating point particles suggests that time’s arrow is not, on the scale of the Universe, determined by the statistical growth of entropy and a very special initial condition but has a direct dynamical origin manifested as the growth of structure. This paper also draws attention to the fact, first revealed by geologists, that a single static structure contains information about both its own age and even the age of the whole Universe.
Electric paradigms from Volta to Maxwell
Authors: James Frank A.J.L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper argues that the ideas of scientific revolutions, normal science, paradigms and their shifts proposed by Thomas Kuhn in 1962 do not help with the understanding of the construction of electrical knowledge in the nineteenth century. That probably explains why many of the key figures in developing that extraordinarily important science, such as Humphry Davy and Michael Faraday, were not discussed by Kuhn. It also illustrates the neglect by historians and philosophers until the 1980s of the power of experiment.
Relativity and quantum theory: Under the spell of today’s paradigms
Authors: Weigert Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Thomas S. Kuhn described the development of the (natural) sciences as a specific dynamical process. Periods of piecemeal growth of knowledge based on widely accepted paradigms are interrupted by bursts of revolutionary changes which lead to new paradigms incommensurate with the earlier ones. This process is briefly illustrated by recalling the changes to classical physics brought about by Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity on the one hand and by quantum theory on the other. Both theories represent fundamental paradigms of contemporary physics. They appear unshakeable to the working physicist but according to Kuhn their paradigmatic status is of a temporary nature only. Does Kuhn’s framework help to identify potential future revolutions?
The life and entangled adventures of Schrödinger’s cat
Authors: Sudbery Anthony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper, intended for a general audience, contains a description of Erwin Schrödinger’s thought experiment which was designed to show the strange results of extending the formalism of quantum theory, particularly the idea of superposition, beyond the subatomic regime. A way of understanding superposition in the terms of formal logic is outlined. The development of Schrödinger’s ideas after this thought experiment is traced along with a brief description of some work which realises it in actual experiments, as well as proposals for taking it further.
Einstein and Wittgenstein’s mental experiments: on the similarity between Wittgenstein and relativity theory
Authors: Penco Carlo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This summary paper will begin with historical and exegetical evidence of the connections between Wittgenstein and Einstein, including the impact Einstein had on the Vienna Circle and Wittgenstein’s continuous references to Einstein throughout his intellectual career after the Tractatus. It will then focus on the idea that Wittgenstein considered concepts analogous to measuring tools in relativity theory. This starts from using the term ‘reference system’, frequently used in Wittgenstein’s work and evoked notions in physics (Wittgenstein also occasionally used ‘coordinate system’). A development and expansion of the concept of reference system in the concept of the language game may be seen. The rest of the paper will be devoted to considering how Wittgenstein’s mental experiments with alien cultures could be analysed as an attempt to realise in philosophy the kind of approach developed in relativity theory, also making reference to anthropological cases.
Order and chaos in the ancient Greco-Roman philosophical imagination
Authors: Horky Phillip S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
When did chaos come to be opposed to order? This paper considers the earliest references in the Western world to the concepts of “chaos” (Xάος) and “order” (κόσμος), understood as cosmological concepts; these terms are first attested in the epic Theogony of the ancient Greek poet Hesiod and the treatise On Nature of the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaus of Croton. This paper argues by way of a close reading of these texts that originally chaos was instrumental to an orderly Universe and that this idea persisted in the formal development of cosmological texts in the Greek world. The paper concludes by suggesting that the first person in the Western world to make chaos the opposite of order, i.e. absence of order or disorder, was the Roman epic poet Ovid in his celebrated Metamorphoses some seven hundred years after Hesiod first accounted for the role of chaos in instantiating the world order.
The emergence of symmetries in classical physics
Authors: Mainzer Klaus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since antiquity symmetry has proved to be a central guiding idea of research with which the microcosm and macrocosm are to be explained. Euclidean mathematics established a unified theory of proportions of the world in which the spherical symmetries of the macrocosm and the regular (“Platonic”) bodies of the microcosm were distinguished. In the Pythagorean tradition symmetrical proportions were understood as an expression of the beauty and harmony of the cosmos until the Renaissance.
Physics and medicine from antiquity to the medieval period
Authors: Keevil Stephen F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Medical physics is commonly held to have begun at the end of the nineteenth century following discoveries about radiation and radioactivity that were to transform medical diagnosis and the treatment of cancer. A wider perspective dates the origin of the relationship between physics and medicine to the scientific revolution of the sixteenth century when physics began to be applied to understanding the workings of the body and to the development of medical technology. This paper argues that the relationship is in fact much older, dating back several millennia. At the heart of ancient Greek φυσική (natural philosophy) was an attempt to understand the nature and composition of the Universe and a belief which remains valid today that the human body functions on the same principles as the Universe as a whole. This approach led to a corpus of medical teachings rooted in physics as it was then understood that remained dominant in Europe and the Islamic world until the sixteenth century. Furthermore, ancient and medieval sources provide evidence of physical principles being used in medical diagnosis, in treatment and as a means of understanding the functioning of the body in a range of ancient cultures including Greece, Egypt and Persia. This mirrors the different ways in which physics continues to contribute to medical science and clinical practice today. Examples described in this paper include the first technique to map body temperature (arguably also the first medical imaging technique), the use of fire and heat in surgery and other forms of treatment, and medieval attempts to understand vision and the physics of the eye.
Shadows and signals: a brief history of medical imaging
Authors: Graves Martin J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Medical imaging is a revolutionary field that has transformed healthcare, providing clinicians with the ability to view the inside of the body without invasive procedures. This overview traces the evolution of the major medical imaging modalities from their inception to the advanced technologies used today. Starting with the serendipitous discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895 the subsequent developments in various imaging modalities including fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine and ultrasound imaging are chronicled. The technological breakthroughs, pioneering scientists and clinicians involved, and the significant impact of these advancements on diagnostic medicine are discussed. Additionally the integration of digital imaging, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies into medical imaging is considered together with their potential to revolutionise diagnostic procedures, enhance patient care and streamline healthcare delivery.
Design and research of direct drive permanent magnet wind turbine based on Motor-CAD
Authors: Weng Y F , Liu Z S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The generator plays a crucial role in the wind power system, demanding characteristics such as exceptional efficiency, high reliability, high power density, operational stability, and corrosion resistance. Taking into account the performance demands of the wind turbine and the structural attributes of the permanent magnet synchronous generator, the electromagnetic design and simulation of a 9.4 kW direct drive permanent magnet wind turbine has been accomplished utilizing Motor-CAD software. The fractional slot stator structure of 60 poles and 54 slots is adopted to achieve effective reduction in cogging torque and enhance the dynamic performance and reliability of the generator. Double layer concentrated windings are used to enhance the electrical performance of the generator and lower the production cost. A surface-inserted radial magnetic circuit structure serves to increase the power density and dynamic performance of the generator and reduce the magnetic flux leakage coefficient. The prototype exhibits superiority in terms of its high efficiency, small footprint, and swift dynamic response. According to the simulation results, the prototype’s design parameters fully satisfy the specified design requirements for the wind turbine.
Effect of the parameters of metal forming processes on the behaviour of thin-walled structures
Authors: Rynkovskaya M , Alexandrov S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The parameters of metal forming processes affect the distribution of material properties through the workpiece. In particular, sheet rolling and drawing processes induce the through thickness gradient of material properties in sheets that are used in thin-walled structures. The present paper studies the effect of this gradient on the product in the shape of two developable shells (circular cylinder and developable helicoids with different screwing degree) obtained from a plane metal workpiece by parabolic bending. The possibility of manufacturing any developable product without creases and tears from a thin metal workpiece is theoretically proved and the influence of metal forming process on the resulting stress-strain in the workpiece is examined. The results of the research can be implemented in different engineering fields as marine design, civil engineering, air-space industry, and in a range of manufacturing processes.
Research on optimum design and control of permanent magnet synchronous motor for elevator
Authors: Liu Z S , Fan S H , Weng Y F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to the impact of the world energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, the combination of frequency converter and permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as the core of elevator drive has become a new direction for the development of the elevator industry. Compared with the traditional electric excitation synchronous motor, because the rotor of PMSM adopts permanent magnet excitation, no excitation winding, brush and slip ring are needed, the motor volume is greatly reduced. At the same time, for there is no excitation loss, the efficiency of PMSM) is higher than that of electric excitation synchronous motor. Therefore, the application of PMSM in elevator drive system has more obvious advantages. In this paper, PMSM for elevator is taken as the research object, and motor design software Motor-CAD is used to optimize the design of a kind of PMSM with power level. Then, the fine-tuned and optimized model is imported into the finite element analysis software, and the magnetic field analysis method is used to simulate the electromagnetic field of PMSM, so as to observe the magnetic field distribution of PMSM in the static field. At the same time, the three phase EMF and current waveform of PMSM is analysed to verify the design meets the requirements. Finally, the cogging torque of PMSM is studied in detail. Because the stator fractional slot winding design is adopted, the cogging torque of the prototype is greatly reduced.
Thermal design of a solid-state power amplifier at Q-band
Authors: Hu Fengjiao , Liang Dapeng , Wang Sheng , Liu Jiangtao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is very difficult to cool a new solid-state power amplifier at Q-band, which is composed of some high-power monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit chips. Cu/Diamond carriers are used as the heat sinks of the chips, and two layers of heat pipes are sealed in the chassis to reduce the thermal resistance of the amplifier. The thermal design scheme is proved useful by simulating Flotherm and the temperature data from the infrared imager. The study provides an available way for the thermal design of a solid-state power amplifier.
Design and study of a novel rotary high-impact test device
Authors: Liang Saisai , Tang Tong , Ma Shaojie , Li Feiyin , Shi Huifa , Zhou Jialiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Impact testing is an important means of evaluating an object’s ability to withstand impacts at specific peak accelerations. Currently, commonly used high-g impact testing devices, such as the Mach hammer and air cannon test devices, generally provide overloads ranging from 10, 000g to 30, 000 g, with a maximum of 50, 000 g. To meet the demand for high-overload impact collisions, this paper designs and studies a high-g long pulse width rotary impact test device with a detachable impact head. A finite element simulation model of the impact process was established by using finite element analysis software, and the dynamic response of the device was studied by changing the initial rotation speed and the target plate material. The results show that the overload of this rotary impact test device can reach more than 70, 000 g, and increasing the speed and hardness of the target plate material can improve the overload magnitude. This device and research method can provide theoretical support for high-overload impact testing.
A composite structure device: vibration control and energy harvesting of tool system in aviation thin-walled parts milling process
Authors: Wang Jinyi , Zhang Xing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The intense vibration generated by the high-speed milling cutter in the processing process not only seriously affects the surface roughness but also may damage important components of the machine tool, resulting in significant economic losses. Therefore, a composite structure of piezoelectric energy-collector (PEC) and nonlinear energy sink (NES) is innovatively constructed by combining theoretical research and numerical analysis to achieve more efficient vibration suppression and energy recovery in milling. Using the Hamilton principle, the electromechanical model of the composite structure is developed. Then, based on the Galerkin truncation to discretized displacement functions, we solve the amplitude-frequency response of the tool structure by using the harmonic balance method. The validity analysis of the proposed method can be verified by rigorous comparison with the results of the Runge-Kutta method. A novel NES-PEC composite structure presented in this work shows excellent vibration suppression capability in the milling process. More importantly, the structure also enables self-powered sensing of the tool system, significantly reducing dependence on external power sources. This innovative design substantially improves the stability and reliability of milling processes and opens up new ways to optimize the energy efficiency of tool systems. In summary, this paper’s modeling and solving methods, vibration reduction techniques, and energy harvesting strategies have laid a solid foundation for applying a high-speed milling cutter system. More relevant literature on applying vibration suppression and energy harvesting devices in milling must be reviewed. This paper fills in the research gap and provides a valuable reference for future tool systems design and optimization.