bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological, Physical, and Chemical Functions and Connectivity of Non‐Floodplain Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review
Authors: Lane Charles R. , Leibowitz Scott G. , Autrey Bradley C. , LeDuc Stephen D. , Alexander Laurie C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe reviewed the scientific literature on non‐floodplain wetlands (NFWs), freshwater wetlands typically located distal to riparian and floodplain systems, to determine hydrological, physical, and chemical functioning and stream and river network connectivity. We assayed the literature for source, sink, lag, and transformation functions, as well as factors affecting connectivity. We determined NFWs are important landscape components, hydrologically, physically, and chemically affecting downstream aquatic systems. NFWs are hydrologic and chemical sources for other waters, hydrologically connecting across long distances and contributing compounds such as methylated mercury and dissolved organic matter. NFWs reduced flood peaks and maintained baseflows in stream and river networks through hydrologic lag and sink functions, and sequestered or assimilated substantial nutrient inputs through chemical sink and transformative functions. Landscape‐scale connectivity of NFWs affects water and material fluxes to downstream river networks, substantially modifying the characteristics and function of downstream waters. Many factors determine the effects of NFW hydrological, physical, and chemical functions on downstream systems, and additional research quantifying these factors and impacts is warranted. We conclude NFWs are hydrologically, chemically, and physically interconnected with stream and river networks though this connectivity varies in frequency, duration, magnitude, and timing.
Biota Connect Aquatic Habitats throughout Freshwater Ecosystem Mosaics
Authors: Schofield Kate A. , Alexander Laurie C. , Ridley Caroline E. , Vanderhoof Melanie K. , Fritz Ken M. , Autrey Bradley C. , DeMeester Julie E. , Kepner William G. , Lane Charles R. , Leibowitz Scott G. , Pollard Amina I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are linked at various spatial and temporal scales by movements of biota adapted to life in water. We review the literature on movements of aquatic organisms that connect different types of freshwater habitats, focusing on linkages from streams and wetlands to downstream waters. Here, streams, wetlands, rivers, lakes, ponds, and other freshwater habitats are viewed as dynamic freshwater ecosystem mosaics (FEMs) that collectively provide the resources needed to sustain aquatic life. Based on existing evidence, it is clear that biotic linkages throughout FEMs have important consequences for biological integrity and biodiversity. All aquatic organisms move within and among FEM components, but differ in the mode, frequency, distance, and timing of their movements. These movements allow biota to recolonize habitats, avoid inbreeding, escape stressors, locate mates, and acquire resources. Cumulatively, these individual movements connect populations within and among FEMs and contribute to local and regional diversity, resilience to disturbance, and persistence of aquatic species in the face of environmental change. Thus, the biological connections established by movement of biota among streams, wetlands, and downstream waters are critical to the ecological integrity of these systems. Future research will help advance our understanding of the movements that link FEMs and their cumulative effects on downstream waters.
Glucose excursions and hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with mitiglinide/voglibose versus glimepiride: A randomized cross‐over trial
Authors: Fujimoto Kanta , Shibayama Yui , Yamaguchi Eriko , Honjo Sachiko , Hamasaki Akihiro , Hamamoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundGlucose excursions and hypoglycemia are associated with cardiovascular complications. However, no studies have evaluated glucose excursions and the frequency of hypoglycemia in patients treated with mitiglinide/voglibose versus glimepiride as add‐on to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor therapy.MethodsThis cross‐over trial included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes. After initiating vildagliptin 100 mg, patients were randomly assigned to receive mitiglinide 10 mg/voglibose 0.2 mg three times daily for 3 days followed by glimepiride 1 mg once daily for the subsequent 3 days as add‐on therapy, or vice versa. Glucose excursions and hypoglycemia frequency were measured using 24‐h continuous glucose monitoring. Metabolic profile changes were evaluated using a meal tolerance test.ResultsThe mean glucose levels in the mitiglinide/voglibose and glimepiride phases were identical (8.01 vs 8.24 mmol/L, respectively). However, during the mitiglinide/voglibose phase compared with the glimepiride phase, the standard deviation of glucose (1.30 vs 2.10 mmol/L; P < 0.001), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (3.47 vs 5.28 mmol/L; P < 0.001), M‐value (24.6 vs 70.0; P < 0.001), continuous overlapping net glycemic action for a 1‐h time interval (22.6 vs 31.0; P < 0.001), and area under the curve >10 mmol/L (0.18 vs 0.52 mmol/L per h; P < 0.001) were significantly lower. Hypoglycemia (glucose <3.8 mmol/L) was not observed during the mitiglinide/voglibose phase, but occurred 0.35 times/day in those taking glimepiride. Moreover, the mitiglinide/voglibose phase had higher premeal and lower post‐meal glucose levels than the glimepiride phase.ConclusionsAdding mitiglinide/voglibose to vildagliptin therapy results in more efficient postprandial glucose control and less hypoglycemia than adding glimepiride.
Sex‐specific regulation of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hotzi Bernadette , Kosztelnik Mónika , Hargitai Balázs , Takács‐Vellai Krisztina , Barna János , Bördén Kincső , Málnási‐Csizmadia András , Lippai Mónika , Ortutay Csaba , Bacquet Caroline , Pasparaki Angela , Arányi Tamás , Tavernarakis Nektarios , Vellai Tibor 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA fascinating aspect of sexual dimorphism in various animal species is that the two sexes differ substantially in lifespan. In humans, for example, women's life expectancy exceeds that of men by 3–7 years. Whether this trait can be attributed to dissimilar lifestyles or genetic (regulatory) factors remains to be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the significantly longer lifespan of hermaphrodites—which are essentially females capable of sperm production—over males is established by TRA‐1, the terminal effector of the sex‐determination pathway. This transcription factor directly controls the expression of daf‐16/FOXO, which functions as a major target of insulin/IGF‐1 signaling (IIS) and key modulator of aging across diverse animal phyla. TRA‐1 extends hermaphrodite lifespan through promoting daf‐16 activity. Furthermore, TRA‐1 also influences reproductive growth in a DAF‐16‐dependent manner. Thus, the sex‐determination machinery is an important regulator of IIS in this organism. These findings provide a mechanistic insight into how longevity and development are specified unequally in the two genders. As TRA‐1 is orthologous to mammalian GLI (glioma‐associated) proteins, a similar sex‐specific mechanism may also operate in humans to determine lifespan.
The impact of deal‐proneness on WTP estimates in incentive‐aligned value elicitation methods
Authors: Shi Lijia , Xie Jing , Gao Zhifeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEven after controlling for hypothetical biases, some incentive‐aligned value elicitation methods still produce different willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) estimates. In this study, we compare WTP estimates from three incentive‐aligned value elicitation methods: real choice experiment (RCE), real double‐bounded dichotomous contingent valuation (RCVM), and Becker–DeGroot–Marschak auction (BDM). We find that participants’ aggressiveness in obtaining low prices (i.e., “deal‐proneness”) influences WTP estimates in the BDM auction, but not those elicited from the RCE and RCVM. The participants with higher levels of deal‐proneness tend to submit lower bids in the BDM auction. The discrepancies in WTP estimates between different incentive‐aligned procedures are narrower for participants with lower levels of deal‐proneness. Our results indicate that the bids in BDM auctions may be understated and the auction mechanism may induce the “gambling behavior” of people who are deal‐prone. That is, whether the BDM auction is truly incentive‐aligned is again called into question. We also discuss the practical implications for food retailers.
Progesterone improves perinatal neuromotor outcomes in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation via immunomodulation of the placenta
Authors: Novak Christopher M. , Ozen Maide , McLane Michael , Alqutub Sadiq , Lee Ji Yeon , Lei Jun , Burd Irina 
Published: March 2018

To assess the fetal neuroprotective potential of progesterone using a well‐validated mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced intrauterine inflammation (IUI). Embryonic day 17 pregnant mouse dams (n = 69) were randomly allocated to receive 17‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17‐OHPC), micronized progesterone (MP), or vehicle 1 hour prior to intrauterine injection of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or LPS. After 6 hours, mice were killed for the collection of placentas and fetal brains, or pregnancy continued for the evaluation of preterm birth (PTB) and offspring neuromotor function. Placentas and fetal brains were analyzed by mini‐mRNA array for 96 immune markers with individual confirmatory qPCR. Progesterone pre‐treatment before LPS‐induced IUI improved neuromotor tests in offspring at PND5 compared to no pre‐treatment (P < .05). In placentas, 17‐OHPC, but not MP, significantly reduced CXCL9 (P < .05) with a trend toward a lower level of CXCL10. In fetal brains, 17‐OHPC significantly reduced CXCL9 compared to no pre‐treatment (P < .05) and IL‐1β compared to pre‐treatment with MP (P < .01). Progesterone pre‐treatment prior to LPS‐induced IUI improved offspring neuromotor outcomes. 17‐OHPC, but not MP, resulted in greater immunomodulation of T cell‐mediated immunity in placenta and fetal brain, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed neuroprotective effects.
Rapid vertical motions and formation of volcanic arc gaps: Plateau collision recorded in the forearc geological evolution (Costa Rica margin)
Authors: Andjić Goran , Baumgartner Peter O. , Baumgartner‐Mora Claudia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe collision of bathymetric features with modern convergent margins has been investigated with the full range of tools used in geosciences. Hence, a comprehensive picture exists of the characteristic effects of collision events on the evolution of convergent margins. In contrast, much less studies documented past collisions of bathymetric features with convergent margins, as colliding features were generally lost to subduction. The arc‐trench system of southern Central America provides modern and past textbook examples of active margin interaction with incoming bathymetric reliefs. Here, we propose a synthesis which combines basin and terrane analysis of the forearc of northern Costa Rica and takes up the challenge of documenting past episodes of plateau accretion to the active margin. As illustrated in modern examples, our study shows that kilometric uplift of the overriding plate and termination of the volcanic arc activity are the most profound effects of colliding/accreting oceanic plateaus. Kilometric uplift of the forearc is documented by short‐lived (ca. 3 m.y.) occurrences of shallow‐water deposits in an overall deep‐water forearc record. These shallow deposits contain material reworked from underlying sedimentary and basement lithologies. The development of spatial gaps in arc volcanism is deduced from the transition from arc‐derived turbidites to pelagic sediments. Eventually, end of the collision event is evidenced by the subsidence of the whole forearc to deep‐water environments. Basin subsidence is accompanied or followed by renewed volcanic arc activity and coeval arc‐derived sedimentation, which may occur 1–7 m.y. after plateau collision. These past episodes of plateau accretion are archetypal for the following reasons: (a) they may be studied in outcrop, whereas most of the modern collisions of plateaus largely occur underwater; (b) no tectonic or metamorphic imprint has significantly complicated the forearc geological record; (c) the colliding feature and the sedimentary response to its collision are both preserved in the forearc geology; (d) they may be used as analogues for any setting where a bathymetric feature is suspected to have caused rapid forearc uplift and cessation of the volcanic arc activity.
Degradation for better survival? Role of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis
Authors: Cheng Xiaoxiang , Zheng Jun , Li Gang , Göbel Verena , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAs a prevalent post‐translational modification, ubiquitination is essential for many developmental processes. Once covalently attached to the small and conserved polypeptide ubiquitin (Ub), a substrate protein can be directed to perform specific biological functions via its Ub‐modified form. Three sequential catalytic reactions contribute to this process, among which E3 ligases serve to identify target substrates and promote the activated Ub to conjugate to substrate proteins. Ubiquitination has great plasticity, with diverse numbers, topologies and modifications of Ub chains conjugated at different substrate residues adding a layer of complexity that facilitates a huge range of cellular functions. Herein, we highlight key advances in the understanding of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis, with an emphasis on the latest insights into its roles in cellular events involved in polarized epithelial tissue, including cell adhesion, asymmetric localization of polarity determinants and cytoskeletal organization. In addition, the physiological roles of ubiquitination are discussed for typical examples of epithelial morphogenesis, such as lung branching, vascular development and synaptic formation and plasticity. Our increased understanding of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial regeneration and maintenance.
A retrospective multicenter study of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for major salivary gland carcinomas: Subanalysis of J‐CROS 1402 HN
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Koto Masashi , Demizu Yusuke , Saitoh Jun‐ichi , Suefuji Hiroaki , Okimoto Tomoaki , Ohno Tatsuya , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Takagi Ryo , Ikawa Hiroaki , Nemoto Kenji , Nakano Takashi , Kamada Tadashi ,   the Japan Carbon‐Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group
Published: March 2018

A retrospective multicenter study was carried out to assess the clinical outcomes of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies (Japan Carbon‐Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group [J‐CROS] study: 1402 HN). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of carbon‐ion radiotherapy in patients with major salivary gland carcinoma. Sixty‐nine patients treated with carbon‐ion radiotherapy at four Japanese institutions were analyzed. Thirty‐three patients (48%) had adenoid cystic carcinomas, 10 (14%) had mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 26 (38%) had other disease types. Three patients (4%) had T1 disease, 8 (12%) had T2, 25 (36%) had T3, and 33 (48%) had T4. The median radiation dose was 64 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 16 fractions. The median gross tumor volume was 27 mL. The median follow‐up period was 32.7 months. The 3‐year local control rate and overall survival rate were 81% and 94%, respectively. Regarding acute toxicities, seven patients had grade 3 mucositis and seven had grade 3 dermatitis. Regarding late toxicities, one patient had grade 3 dysphagia and one had a grade 3 brain abscess. No grade 4 or worse late reactions were observed. In conclusion, definitive carbon‐ion radiotherapy was effective with acceptable toxicity for major salivary gland carcinomas.
Quantifying effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning across times and places
Authors: Isbell Forest , Cowles Jane , Dee Laura E. , Loreau Michel , Reich Peter B. , Gonzalez Andrew , Hector Andy , Schmid Bernhard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBiodiversity loss decreases ecosystem functioning at the local scales at which species interact, but it remains unclear how biodiversity loss affects ecosystem functioning at the larger scales of space and time that are most relevant to biodiversity conservation and policy. Theory predicts that additional insurance effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning could emerge across time and space if species respond asynchronously to environmental variation and if species become increasingly dominant when and where they are most productive. Even if only a few dominant species maintain ecosystem functioning within a particular time and place, ecosystem functioning may be enhanced by many different species across many times and places (β‐diversity). Here, we develop and apply a new approach to estimate these previously unquantified insurance effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning that arise due to species turnover across times and places. In a long‐term (18‐year) grassland plant diversity experiment, we find that total insurance effects are positive in sign and substantial in magnitude, amounting to 19% of the net biodiversity effect, mostly due to temporal insurance effects. Species loss can therefore reduce ecosystem functioning both locally and by eliminating species that would otherwise enhance ecosystem functioning across temporally fluctuating and spatially heterogeneous environments.
Genetic diversity and relationship between domesticated rye and its wild relatives as revealed through genotyping‐by‐sequencing
Authors: Schreiber Mona , Himmelbach Axel , Börner Andreas , Mascher Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRye (Secale cereale L.) is a cereal grass that is an important food crop in Central and Eastern Europe. In contrast to its close relatives wheat and barley, it was not a founder crop of Neolithic agriculture, but is considered a secondary domesticate that may have become a crop plant only after a transitory phase as a weed. As a minor crop of only local importance, genomic resources in rye are underdeveloped, and few population genetic studies using genomewide markers have been published to date. We collected genotyping‐by‐sequencing data for 603 individuals from 101 genebank accessions of domesticated rye and its wild progenitor S. cereale subsp. vavilovii and related species in the genus Secale. Variant detection in the context of a recently published draft sequence assembly of cultivated rye yielded 55,744 single nucleotide polymorphisms with present genotype calls in 90% of samples. Analysis of population structure recapitulated the taxonomy of the genus Secale. We found only weak genetic differentiation between wild and domesticated rye with likely gene flow between the two groups. Moreover, incomplete lineage sorting was frequent between Secale species because of either ongoing gene flow or recent speciation. Our study highlights the necessity of gauging the representativeness of ex situ germplasm collections for domestication studies and motivates a more in‐depth analysis of the interplay between sequence divergence and reproductive isolation in the genus Secale.
Saudi dental hygienists’ opinions regarding establishing a professional association
Authors: Joufi AI , Wilder RS , Curran AE , Brame JL 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the opinions of dental hygienists in Saudi Arabia regarding the establishment of a professional association including the role it should have to meet their professional needs.MethodsA cross‐sectional electronic survey using Qualtrics was utilized. IRB exemption was obtained prior to distribution. Although there are 298 licensed Saudi dental hygienists in Saudi Arabia, email addresses were only available for 101 respondents: those obtained previously by direct contact for the purpose of initiation of a professional association and those referred by the direct contacts. Subjects were emailed a link to the survey.ResultsSeventy‐seven subjects responded fully to the survey yielding a response rate of 70.3%. Most 91.5% (n = 65) of the respondents favoured the establishment of a Saudi dental hygiene professional association. Eighty‐eight per cent (n = 59) responded that such an association would promote development of the profession in the country at least somewhat and 86.6% (n = 58) agreed that their professional needs could be met by its establishment. Interestingly, half of those who did not support the creation of the professional association believed it would promote development of the profession and meet professional needs.ConclusionsA representative sample of dental hygienists in Saudi Arabia support the establishment of a professional association and feel that it would advocate and promote the dental hygiene profession in the country and meet their professional needs.
HOUSING PRICE AND FUNDAMENTALS IN A TRANSITION ECONOMY: THE CASE OF THE BEIJING MARKET
Authors: Han Bing , Han Lu , Zhu Guozhong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article develops a dynamic rational expectations general equilibrium framework that links house value to fundamental economic variables such as income growth, demographics, migration, and land supply. Our framework handles nonstationary dynamics as well as structural changes in fundamentals that are commonplace in transition economies. Applying the framework to Beijing, we find that the equilibrium house price and rent under reasonable parameterizations of the model are substantially lower than the data. We explore potential explanations for the discrepancies between the model and the data.
Characteristic of filamentous fungal diversity and dynamics associated with wheat Qu and the traditional fermentation of Chinese rice wine
Authors: Ji Zhongwei , Jin Jianshun , Yu Guansong , Mou Rang , Mao Jian , Liu Shuangping , Zhou Zhilei , Peng Lin 
Published: March 2018

SummaryChinese rice wine, a traditional alcoholic beverage, is fermented from steamed rice with a starter culture of wheat Qu which is either inoculated spontaneously with various microorganisms in natural environment or inoculated artificially with certain microorganisms. The diversity of filamentous fungi in wheat Qu and the fermentation mashes of Chinese rice wine was studied by high‐throughput sequencing. The results indicated that filamentous fungi varied in wheat Qu and fermentation periods. Moreover, Aspergillus was the dominant filamentous fungi at genus levels. On that basis, quantitative real‐time PCR was used to quantify some dominant Aspergillus species. It was found that Aspergillus species in wheat Qu were more abundant than that in various fermentation mashes and continually decreased until the end of rice wine fermentation. Furthermore, it was found that different organic acids were produced by microorganisms at different fermentation stages might due to the changes of oxygen and nutrient content.