bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Teknik Menyikat Gigi dan Indeks Plak pada Siswa SD GMIM Siloam Tonsealama
Authors: Keloay Princess , Mintjelungan Christy N. , Pangemanan Damajanty H. C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: In Indonesia, children dental and mouth health is on the apprehensive level. The caries prevalence in children of 5 to 9 years old is 92.6% and the proportion of brushing their teeth properly is only 1.4%. The control and prevention of plaque forming can be done in a simple, effective, and practical way through brushing the teeth thoroughly and regularly. This study was aimed to obtain the tooth brushing technique and plaque index among students at SD GMIM Siloam Tonsealama (elementary school). This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Study population consisted of elementary students og grade 3 to 5. We used total sampling method. There were 42 students as subjects. Data were obtained by observing their tooth brushing techniques. The results showed that all students used combination technique of tooth brushing. Most students had plaque index of moderate category. The mean plaque index of the subjects was 2.67. In conclusion, students at GMIM in Tonsealama used combination technique of tooth brushing, and their plaque index was categorized as moderate.Keywords: plaque index, brushing teeth technique Abstrak: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak di Indonesia masih sangat memrihatinkan. Prevalensi karies pada anak usia 5-9 tahun dilaporkan mencapai 92,6%, dan proporsi waktu menyikat gigi dengan benar sebesar 1,4%. Usaha untuk mengontrol dan mencegah pemben-tukan plak dapat dilakukan secara sederhana, efektif, dan praktis yaitu dengan cara menggosok gigi secara teliti dan teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran teknik menyikat gigi dan indeks plak siswa SD GMIM Siloam Tonsealama. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari siswa sekolah dasar kelas 3 sampai dengan 5. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Terdapat seba-nyak 42 siswa sebagai subyek penelitian. Pengumpulan data menggunakan formulir pemeriksaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik menyikat kombinasi digunakan oleh seluruh subyek. Indeks plak paling banyak pada kategori sedang. Rerata nilai indeks plak yaitu 2,67. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah teknik menyikat gigi yang digunakan oleh siswa SD GMIM di Tonsealama ialah teknik kombinasi dengan indeks plak tergolong kategori sedangKata kunci: indeks plak, teknik menyikat gigi
Budidaya ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) sistem akuaponik dengan padat penebaran berbeda
Authors: Darwis Darwis , Mudeng Joppy D. , Londong Sammy N.J. 
Published: July 2019

This research aimed to determine the stocking density that support the best growth and survival rate of carp cultivated in aquaponic systems, and to study the water quality of carp culture with different stocking densities in aquaponic systems. The study used 12 aquaria measuring 40x40x40 cm each (water volume of 50 liters). The experimental fish are carp (Cyprinus carpio) weighing in average of 3.5 g/individual. The fish were cultivated with different stocking densities as treatment, including A = 4; B = 7; C = 10 and D = 13 individuals/aquarium. The fish were fed with pellet at 5%/body weight/day with a feeding frequency of two times a day. The study was conducted for 4 weeks. Data consisting of daily growth, survival and water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) were measured once a week. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA. The results of the study showed that the difference in stocking density had no significant effect on the growth and survival of carp. Water quality was in a reasonable range to support the growth and survival of carp cultivated with aquaponic systems.Keywords: cultivation, carp, aquaponics, stocking density, growth
KERAGAMAN SUBSTRAT BAGI NUDIBRANCH DI SELAT LEMBEH
Authors: Marpaung Yehezkiel S.P.H. , Ompi Medy , Manembu Indri , Roeroe Kakaskasen A. , Mamangkey N. Gustaf F. , Lumingas Lucky 
Published: July 2019

Research on the diversity of nudibranch substrates was carried out in Lembeh Strait at 3 locations, at Nudifall, Makawide, and Nudiritrit. The purpose of the researchs 1) to discover the nudibranch species at Nudifall, Makawide, Nudiritrit in the Lembeh Strait. 2) to knowing the substrate occupied by nudibranchs in the Lembeh Strait. 3) to knowing the overlapping substrate that was occupied by the nudibranch. Subtrates can to be used by nudibranches to get food sources, shelter from predators, and as a place to live. Nudibranch species found in the Lembeh Strait were 19 species in this study. Dead Coral with Algae (DCA), sponges, algae, hard coral, and tunicates were the types of substrate where nudibranches live in the Lembeh Strait The most dominant or overlapping substrate between types of nudibranchs was Dead Coral with Algae. Keywords : Nudibranch, Substrate, Lembeh Substrate diversity of nudibranch at Lembeh Strait Penelitian mengenai keragaman substrat nudibranch dilakukan di Selat Lembeh pada 3 lokasi yaitu Nudifall, Makawide, dan Nudiritrit. Tujuannya yaitu 1) mengetahui jen nudibranch di Nudifall, Makawide, Nudiritrit di Selat Lembeh. 2) mengetahui substrat yang ditempati nudibranch di Selat Lembeh. 3) mengetahui substrat yang tumpang tindih (overlap) yang ditempati oleh nudibranch. Subtrat dapat dimanfaatkan oleh nudibranch untuk mendapatkan sumber makanan, tempat berlindung dari predator, dan sebagai tempat tinggal. Jenis nudibranch yang ditemukan di Selat Lembeh ada 19 spesies dalam penelitian ini. Dead Coral with Algae (DCA), spons, alga, hard coral, dan tunikata merupakan substrat-substrat tempat hidup nudibranch di Selat Lembeh. Substrat yang paling dominan atau tumpang tindih antar jenis dari nudibranch adalah DCA. Kata kunci : Nudibranch, Substrat, Lembeh.
REORIENTASI KEUTAMAAN ILMU DALAM PENDIDIKAN PERSPEKTIF AL-GHAZALI PADA KITAB IHYA ‘ULUMUDDIN
Authors: Setiawan Agus 
Published: July 2019

<p>Bahwa problem yang terbesar di kalangan umat manusia saat ini adalah <em>acuh </em>terhadap ilmu agamanya. Faktanya terkadang ilmu agama dinomor duakan sedangkan yang nomor satu adalah ilmu umum. Bahkan sekarang yang menjadi panutan adalah media sosial, bukan ilmu yang dipelajari. Pada tataran di Indoneia idealnya pendidikan memberikan andil besar dalam memberi solusi terhadap krisis kemanusiaan yang kini melanda kehidupan. Mulai pendidikan, kita ingin menghasilkan manusia yang jujur, bersemangat, pekerja keras, tidak malas, berani, kreatif, cinta kebersihan, toleran dan sebaginya.Oleh karena itu sangat sayang sekali kalau sebuah karya yaitu Ihya ‘Ulumuddin karya al-Ghazali tidak di implementasi. Karya tersebut tidak melulu membahas satu bahasan keilmuan saja namun berbagai ilmu terkadang dibahas dalam satu kitab. Semisal Ihya’ Ulumuddin. Dalam kitab tersebut membahas tentang konsep ilmu, konsep Aqidah, fiqh dan lainnya. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa al-Ghazali adalah seorang representatif ulama’ integral dengan keilmuannya dan sangat relevan untuk diimplementasikan saat ini. Al-Ghazali menyebutkan bahwa untuk meraih kebahagiaan negeri akhirat hanya bisa dicapai melalui penguasaan terhadap ilmu mengenai akhirat. Semua itu semakin menguatkan posisi ilmu, ketetapan tentangnya, dan kedudukan mulia mereka yang memiliki ilmu dalam pandangan Allah <em>SWT</em>. Manusia yang memiliki ilmu dikatakan oleh al-Ghazali dapat memperoleh derajat atau kedudukan paling terhormat di antara sekian banyak makhluk di permukaan bumi dan langit karena ilmu dan amalnya.</p>
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB IAIN SAMARINDA 2018
Authors: Murdani Z Edy 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to explore information about the implementation of learning strategy of Arabic education program IAIN Samarinda, the object of this study are lecturers who teach on arabic education study program that is determined by using purposive sampling, in this study, researchers used interview techniques, observation and documentation, while the research desainused is a qualitative approach with the result of a description that aims to find the pattern of information obtained in the field
In this case, the result of the research is (1) Impelementation of learning strategy in IAIN Samarinda arabic study program runs well which is normative implementation, it is shown by the implementation of learning that has been done by the lecturer of course runs according to its function, such as preparing syllabus and learning tools, using strategies and techniques in teaching, and evaluating at the end of the course. (2) The strategy used in learning in IAIN Samarinda arabic education program is active learning for speaking skill, cooperative learning for skill, qowaid wa tarjamah for learning element of language of nahwu, shorof and tarjamah, and for reading skill is qiraah shomitah and jahriyah, drill and awlawiyat for writing skills. (3) Factors supporting the implementation are: a. Able to prepare instructional devices at each meeting b. Pengampu determine appropriate strategies and techniques in adjusting teaching materials c. The availability of learning media well (4) The inhibiting factor of the implementation is the learning is a. Qualification of students, so the implementation of the strategy must be really on target and adjust the cognitive level of students b. Distribution of courses not all speak Arabic
Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR
Authors: Hosseinzadeh G. , Cowperthwaite P. S. , Gomez S. , Villar V. A. , Nicholl M. , Margutti R. , Berger E. , Chornock R. , Paterson K. , Fong W. , Savchenko V. , Short P. , Alexander K. D. , Blanchard P. K. , Braga J. , Calkins M. L. , Cartier R. , Coppejans D. L. , Eftekhari T. , Laskar T. , Ly C. , Patton L. , Pelisoli I. , Reichart D. E. , Terreran G. , Williams P. K. G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
On 2019 April 25.346 and 26.640 UT the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo gravitational-wave (GW) observatory announced the detection of the first candidate events in Observing Run 3 that contained at least one neutron star (NS). S190425z is a likely binary neutron star (BNS) merger at d

L
= 156 ± 41 Mpc, while S190426c is possibly the first NS–black hole (BH) merger ever detected, at d

L
= 377 ± 100 Mpc, although with marginal statistical significance. Here we report our optical follow-up observations for both events using the MMT 6.5 m telescope, as well as our spectroscopic follow-up of candidate counterparts (which turned out to be unrelated) with the 4.1 m SOAR telescope. We compare to publicly reported searches, explore the overall areal coverage and depth, and evaluate those in relation to the optical/near-infrared (NIR) kilonova emission from the BNS merger GW170817, to theoretical kilonova models, and to short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) afterglows. We find that for a GW170817-like kilonova, the partial volume covered spans up to about 40% for S190425z and 60% for S190426c. For an on-axis jet typical of SGRBs, the search effective volume is larger, but such a configuration is expected in at most a few percent of mergers. We further find that wide-field γ-ray and X-ray limits rule out luminous on-axis SGRBs, for a large fraction of the localization regions, although these searches are not sufficiently deep in the context of the γ-ray emission from GW170817 or off-axis SGRB afterglows. The results indicate that some optical follow-up searches are sufficiently deep for counterpart identification to about 300 Mpc, but that localizations better than 1000 deg2 are likely essential.
Double Neutron Star Populations and Formation Channels
Authors: Andrews Jeff J. , Mandel Ilya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the past five years, the number of known double neutron stars (DNSs) in the Milky Way has roughly doubled. We argue that the observed sample can be split into three distinct subpopulations based on their orbital characteristics: (i) short-period, low-eccentricity binaries; (ii) wide binaries; and (iii) short-period, high-eccentricity binaries. These subpopulations also exhibit distinct spin period and spindown rate properties. We focus on subpopulation (iii), which contains the Hulse–Taylor binary. Contrary to previous analysis, we demonstrate that, if they are the product of isolated binary evolution, the P
orb and e distribution of these systems requires that the second-born NSs must have been formed with small natal kicks (≲25 km s−1) and have pre-SN masses narrowly distributed around 3.2 M
⊙. These constraints challenge binary evolution theory and further predict closely aligned spin and orbital axes, inconsistent with the Hulse–Taylor binary’s measured spin–orbit misalignment angle of ≈20°. Motivated by the similarity of these DNSs to B2127+11C, a DNS residing in the globular cluster M15, we argue that this subpopulation is consistent with being formed in, and then ejected from, globular clusters. This scenario provides a pathway for the formation and merger of DNSs in stellar environments without recent star formation, as observed in the host galaxy population of short gamma-ray bursts and the recent detection by LIGO of a merging DNS in an old stellar population.
L’ethnocentrisme théorique, ou l’effet clou de girofle
Authors: Pradier Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2019

Le colloque de Taza permet de revenir dans une perspective d’anthropologie critique sur certains aspects ambigus des notions de mondialisation – globalisation –, culture et interculturalité lorsqu’elles sont appliquées aux domaines des pratiques spectaculaires et performatives. Une confusion apparaît à propos de la conception essentialiste de la culture, devenue mot-outil dans l’usage courant. Le développement de l’histoire globale (Sanjay Subrahmanyam), et des études sur les pratiques subalternes (Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak) soulignent que la multiplicité des contacts et des échanges de toute nature entre populations est une caractéristique de l’espèce humaine qui s’y est exercé pour le meilleur et pour le pire. Dans le domaine du théâtre la constitution d’un milieu international de l’art – phénomène de société – n’est pas à confondre avec l’idée d’un entrelacement des cultures. En attirant l’attention sur l’importance des études de cas, des témoignages concrets, des contextes et de l’histoire dans l’étude des pratiques, l’ethnoscénologie invite notamment à une désoccidentalisation du regard, à l’interdisciplinarité dans la recherche, et au croisement des perspectives.
Aspects du spectaculaire au Maroc : « l’Homme vêtu de peaux »
Authors: Badry Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

Nous nous proposons dans cette communication d’évoquer quelques aspects du spectaculaire au Maroc. Dans un premier temps, nous nous arrêtons sur l’analyse du contexte socio-culturel dans lequel s’enracinent ces formes spectaculaires. Un contexte marqué par une attitude paradoxale, faite de rejets et de surestimations, que l’on a tendance à adopter vis-à-vis de ce patrimoine. Après avoir montré la grande richesse d’un champ de pratiques spectaculaires, encore peu étudiées, notre propos se focalise sur « Bu-islikhen », l’homme vêtu de peaux : sa dramaturgie, fonctions et quelques hypothèses d’interprétation.
Jouer le double jeu : pièces par écriteaux et autoparodies théâtrales au xviiie siècle en France
Authors: Beaucé Pauline 
Published: July 2019

En analysant des aspects précis d’autoparodies et de pièces par écriteaux données au xviiie siècle, le but de cet article est de montrer que ces formes sont plus que des curiosités à relever çà et là dans la période. Elles invitent à considérer la dimension ludique dans l’écriture de l’histoire des spectacles non plus comme une des caractéristiques à la marge mais comme une notion primordiale dans l’analyse des pratiques performatives sous l’Ancien Régime.
Recognition of Listeria Infection by Germline Elements of the Vγ1.1 Vδ6.3 TCR
Authors: Negroni Maria Pia , Cho Ok Hyun , Stern Lawrence J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
γδNKT cells are an abundant γδT cell population with restricted Vγ1.1 Vδ6.3 gene usage and phenotypic and functional similarity to conventional αβ–invariant NKT cells. The γδNKT population responds to Listeria infections, but specific ligands are not known. In this work, we studied the CDR3 requirements of the γδNKT TCR, Vγ1.1Vδ6.3 for recognizing naive macrophages, and macrophages infected with Listeria. We expressed four different variants of the Vγ1.1Vδ6.3 TCR in TCR-deficient hybridomas, one with germline-encoded sequences and three with nongermline-encoded sequences. All of the hybridomas were activated when cultured in the presence of macrophages, and the activation was increased when the macrophages were infected with Listeria. This indicates that these TCRs can recognize a self-ligand present in macrophages and suggests that the ligand is modified or upregulated when the cells are infected with Listeria. One of the three nongermline-encoded Vγ1.1 variants induced a lower activation level compared with the other variants tested in this study, suggesting that recognition of the Listeria-induced ligand involves the CDR3γ region of the TCR.
Nutritional assessment of intensive care unit patients aged ≥65 years using different screening tools
Authors: Bektaş Buket , Özdal Şükran Büşra , Gedik Ender , Gülleroğlu Aykan , Zeyneloğlu Pınar 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients aged ≥65 years admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), compare the compliance with the nutritional status screening tools, and determine the effect of malnutrition on mortality.
Methods: Patients who were admitted to ICU and could receive nutrition orally were included into this study. The Nutritional Risk Score 2002 (NRS-2002) and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) were administered, and the Nutritional Risk Index and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) scores were calculated. Patients were divided into two groups according to their survival status. The nutritional status was evaluated and found to be in accordance with the screening tools.
Results: The rate of malnutrition/severe nutrition risk was found to be 28.4%–60%, and the normal nutritional status was 1.7%–33.3%. In-hospital mortality was 41.7%. The duration of stay in ICU (8.0±9.8 days; 20.5±20.0 days, p=0.03), duration of stay in hospital (16.9±14.4 days; 28.5±24.6 days; p=0.029) and mechanical ventilation duration (4.38±6.8 days; 15.56±17.2 days; p=0.01) in patients who survived were shorter than in patients those who died. The male gender, patients with an NRS-2002 score ≥5 and NRI score ≥81.2 had higher mortality rates (respectively, p=0.013, p=0.019, p=0.036). The NRS-2002 was found to have the highest sensitivity; NRI was the highest specificity screening tool.
Conclusion: The risk of malnutrition/severe nutrition risk was found to be 28.4%–60%. We found that the male gender, NRS-2002 ≥5, and NRI ≥81.2 were associated with higher mortality. The NRS-2002 was found to have the highest sensitivity; NRI was the highest specificity screening tool. We think that the usage of one screening tool for predicting malnutrition in elderly patients is not sufficient in the diagnosis of malnutrition, and these methods should be evaluated together.
Democratizing Knowledge: Using Wikipedia for Inclusive Teaching and Research in Four Undergraduate Classes
Authors: Pratesi Angela , Miller Wendy , Sutton Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

In four undergraduate arts-related courses taught by three faculty, undergraduate students learned how to edit Wikipedia to present authentic research to a public audience. The goal was to increase free and open access to information about women and minoritized individuals in the arts, while simultaneously facilitating the acquisition and practice of student information literacy, research, and writing skills. This article outlines the assignments for each class, summarizes the reflections of students regarding their perception of learning, and discusses the pedagogical strategies and impact of using Wikipedia editing as a research assignment. While each faculty had diverse parameters and outcomes for her respective assignment and course, overall the public nature of writing for Wikipedia and the demonstrated need for presenting the contributions of women art educators, women artists, and Haitian artists created a common motivation for students and faculty to work together as knowledge constructors.
El rey en la Constitución de 1978: el cometido de la Monarquía en una democracia con pretensión de veracidad
Authors: García Eloy 
Published: July 2019

El trabajo trata de explicar que la única fundamentación de la monarquía española es su funcionalidad democrática, de manera que el rey desempeñe su doble labor de integrar el consenso y de mejorar el rendimiento de las instituciones del Estado mejor que un presidente de la República. El rey debe obra con neutralidad asegurando desde su condición neutral el buen funcionamiento de la democracia. Para ello debe ser creíble.
La constitución cubana de 2019: un análisis crítico
Authors: Noguera Fernández Albert 
Published: July 2019

En julio de 2018, la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (ANPP) de Cuba inició el trámite de discusión de un anteproyecto de nueva Constitución cubana. Entre el 13 de agosto y el 15 de noviembre de 2018, la ANPP convocó una fase de consulta popular entre la ciudadanía destinada a la discusión y recogida de propuestas, previa al debate para su consideración en la cámara y su posterior ratificación en referéndum en febrero de 2019. La nueva Constitución cubana es la concreción jurídico-formal de un proceso constituyente material que viene refundando las relaciones económicas y sociales de la isla desde inicios de la década de los 90 hasta hoy. El presente trabajo analizará cuales han sido estas transformaciones y realizará un análisis crítico de la Constitución cubana de 2019.
PSA Testing Use and Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Stage After the 2012 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Guideline Changes
Authors: Magnani Christopher J. , Li Kevin , Seto Tina , McDonald Kathryn M. , Blayney Douglas W. , Brooks James D. , Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Most patients with prostate cancer are diagnosed with low-grade, localized disease and may not require definitive treatment. In 2012, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate cancer screening to address overdetection and overtreatment. This study sought to determine the effect of guideline changes on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and initial diagnostic stage for prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: A difference-in-differences analysis was conducted to compare changes in PSA screening (exposure) relative to cholesterol testing (control) after the 2012 USPSTF guideline changes, and chi-square test was used to determine whether there was a subsequent decrease in early-stage, low-risk prostate cancer diagnoses. Data were derived from a tertiary academic medical center’s electronic health records, a national commercial insurance database (OptumLabs), and the SEER database for men aged ≥35 years before (2008–2011) and after (2013–2016) the guideline changes. Results: In both the academic center and insurance databases, PSA testing significantly decreased for all men compared with the control. The greatest decrease was among men aged 55 to 74 years at the academic center and among those aged ≥75 years in the commercial database. The proportion of early-stage prostate cancer diagnoses (<T2) decreased across age groups at the academic center and in the SEER database. Conclusions: In primary care, PSA testing decreased significantly and fewer prostate cancers were diagnosed at an early stage, suggesting provider adherence to the 2012 USPSTF guideline changes. Long-term follow-up is needed to understand the effect of decreased screening on prostate cancer survival.