bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Metal Concentrations in Lesser Flamingo Eggs and Eggshells Good Indicators of Environmental Pollution?
Authors: van Gessellen Nicole , Bouwman Hindrik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metallic elements in excess may cause adverse biological effects. Flamingos, with a lifespan of up to 50 years, are therefore likely to accumulate metals from the highly saline waters where they feed and breed. The concentrations of accumulated metals would be reflected in organs, feathers, and eggs. There are no data available on metals in flamingo egg contents. Concentrations of 24 elements in egg content and eggshells from Lesser Flamingo Pheoniconaias minor breeding at Kamfers Dam South Africa suggest metal pollution, but with considerable variation between eggs, reflecting their nonbreeding, nomadic movements. Strontium in eggshells exceeded toxic reference values. Copper in egg contents suggests reproductive stress. Lower than-expected metal concentrations (especially mercury) in egg contents we attributed to several excretory pathways prior to oogenesis and embryogenesis, thereby protecting the embryo. Molar concentrations of selenium and mercury were not correlated. However, the mean molar ratio of 8.2 suggests a highly protective effect afforded by selenium. Relative compositional differences show that eggshells are not a proxy for egg contents. We highlight previously unrecognised routes of post-hatching pollutant uptake via consumption of eggshells and parental crop milk. The post-hatching development of flamingo chicks may therefore be more susceptible to pollutant disruption compared with embryonic development. We conclude that P. minor eggs are not good indicators of environmental metal pollution, nor does it reflect post-hatching risks. This first report on metal concentrations in egg contents of any flamingo species shows that a more nuanced approach is needed to protect Phoenicopteridae from pollution.
Splenic T2 signal intensity loss on MRI is associated with disease burden in multiple myeloma
Authors: Neelsen Christian , Sachpekidis Christos , John Lukas , Neher Peter , Mai Elias , Grözinger Martin , Paech Daniel , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Kurz Felix T. , Sauer Sandra , Raab Marc S. , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Wennmann Markus , Weinhold Niels 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to evaluate correlations between spleen signal changes in different MRI sequences and bone marrow plasma cell infiltration as potential indicator of disease burden in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with newly diagnosed MM that underwent whole-body MRI with axial DWI at b-values 50 (b50) and 800 (b800), and coronal T1 and T2 fast spin-echo (T2-TSE) imaging. A subcohort of 39 patients had concomitant [18F]FDG PET/CT. The spleen was segmented in all MRI sequences and signal intensities were normalized. MR signal intensities and ADC values were correlated with bone marrow plasma cell infiltration from biopsy, laboratory markers (Beta 2-microglobulin, M-Protein, Red blood count (RBC), Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Total protein, Creatinine), clinical data (ISS stages, high-risk chromosomal aberrations), and standardized uptake value (SUV) in the spleen as well as spleen-to-liver and spleen-to-blood pool SUV ratios on [18F]FDG PET-CT.

Results
Bone marrow plasma cell infiltration was negatively correlated with (normalized) mean splenic signal intensity on DWI-b50, DWI-b800, and T2-TSE images (r = −0.64, p < 0.001, r = −0.58, p < 0.001, and r = −0.66, p < 0.001, respectively) while there was no correlation with the apparent diffusion coefficient or spleen size (p = 0.52). In the subgroup analysis of 39 patients with concomitant [18F]FDG PET-CT, there was no correlation of normalized splenic [18F]FDG uptake either with MR spleen signal (for T2 p = 0.64) or with bone marrow plasma cell infiltration (p = 0.37).

Conclusions
Our findings reveal a significant association between spleen signal intensity especially on normalized T2-weighted images and tumor burden.

Key Points
QuestionWhat changes occur in spleen signal on MRI as tumor load marker changes in multiple myeloma (MM)?
FindingsSpleen signal intensity, particularly on T2-weighted MRI, negatively correlates with bone marrow plasma cell infiltration and laboratory markers of tumor burden.
Clinical relevanceStandardized quantification of splenic T2 signal is proposed as a new marker for MM disease burden.

Graphical Abstract
Early detection of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis in an extremely low birth weight infant using cranial ultrasound—case report and literature review
Authors: Skubisz Aleksandra , Tomaszkiewicz Anna , Bocheńska Małgorzata , Błaż Witold , Ramenghi Luca Antonio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a serious condition in premature infants. Early diagnosis is crucial, as untreated CSVT can progress to severe complications such as delayed-onset intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which could lead to poor outcomes in this population.

Research question
This case highlights that serial cranial ultrasound can detect CSVT early, enabling prompt treatment and preventing subsequent complications.

Methods and materials
We present the case of an extremely low birth weight infant diagnosed with CSVT based on cranial ultrasonography findings. The patient had no clinical symptoms or previously detected brain injury.

Results
Anticoagulant therapy was initiated immediately after diagnosis. Clot resolution was observed on cranial ultrasound after 5 days and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the 82 day of life (36 + 4 weeks of gestational age).

Conclusion
This case shows the significant value of cranial ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in premature infants when MRI is not immediately available. Early detection and treatment using ultrasound may help prevent severe complications.
Investigating the impact of COVID-19 related worries and loneliness on alcohol consumption: an ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Haucke Matthias , Heinz Andreas , Heinzel Stephan , Liu Shuyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Adverse alcohol consumption is a major public health concern, which might have been further increased by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study we investigated the impact of a lockdown stage on the association between alcohol consumption, loneliness, and COVID-19-related worries. We used smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. We recruited 280 participants from the general population, who experienced at least mild loneliness and distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed daily alcohol intake, loneliness, and COVID-19-related worries every evening for 7 consecutive days across a no-lockdown [8th August 2020–1st November 2020] and lockdown stage [2nd November 2020–11th March 2021]. We did not find that a lockdown stage, compared to a no-lockdown stage, is associated with increased alcohol consumption. We found that loneliness, previous day drinking, and COVID-19-related worries were not associated with increased, but with decreased alcohol consumption. Moreover, COVID-19-related worries were more negatively associated with alcohol consumption during a no-lockdown stage compared to a lockdown stage. We found that the effect of COVID-19 related worries on alcohol consumption is mediated by loneliness. Our study suggests that heightened levels of worry can decrease alcohol intake. This association can be explained by loneliness: individuals who worry more are lonelier and thus less likely to engage in social drinking. However, during a lockdown stage, the negative association between worrying and drinking diminishes.
A sequentially updated projection method for integrating the rate form of plasticity
Authors: Dharmasiri M. A. K. M. , Maddegedara Lalith , Fujita Kohei , Ichimura Tsuyoshi , Hori Muneo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel fully implicit algorithm named the Implicit Sequential Projection Method (ISPM) for integrating the rate form of plasticity. ISPM is inspired by the implicit construction of the Closest Point Projection Method (CPPM) and the Cutting Plane Method’s (CPM) treatment of state variables as functions of the plastic multiplier. Though all the state variables are treated as functions of the plastic multiplier, the evaluation of the derivatives of the state variables with respect to the plastic multiplier at the unknown solution makes ISPM a fully implicit algorithm similar to CPPM. ISPM iteratively updates the solution by projecting the state at the end of prior iteration to the yield surface, producing its characteristic sequential projection of the solution, hence the name. Furthermore, ISPM provides a straightforward to derive consistent tangent operator (CTO) with global convergence on par with CPPM. The mathematical formulation, main attributes, and geometric details of the return mapping are discussed in relation to CPPM and CPM, with an emphasis on showing the distinctness of the algorithm. Further, we establish the relationship between ISPM and CPPM. The versatility and accuracy of ISPM and its CTO are explored through a series of numerical tests conducted with three plasticity models. Tests that focus on material-level iterations show that the stress remapping of ISPM is as accurate as CPPM’s. Further, the mixed stress–strain loading history test conducted with non-linear elastic Drucker–Prager plastic material shows that ISPM can provide a runtime advantage over CPPM for some complex plasticity models involving all three stress invariants.
Mapping Sahelian groundwater-dependent ecosystems based on an updated typology
Authors: Rambhunjun Précila , Bertone François , Rossignol Aurélie , Sou Mariam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe functionality of certain ecosystems depends on, or partially depends on, the presence of water under the ground or on its emergence to the surface. These ecosystems, referred to as groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs), underpin national economies by sustaining essential goods such as fish, timber, and various nontimber products, as well as providing critical services such as water storage, purification, and flood control. Within GDEs, biotopes and biocenoses actively contribute to sustaining and improving human well-being by facilitating these vital conditions and processes. In water-scarce environments, groundwater assumes a central role at the nexus of integrated human, animal, and environmental health, known as the One Health concept. Considering the groundwater requirements of GDEs, it is then indispensable to practice sustainable water management, enabling sustainable development and shared prosperity. This paper seeks to enhance the comprehension of GDEs, enabling practical applications within the arid and semiarid regions of the Western and Central Sahel. Based on an exhaustive literature review and subsequently incorporating insights from interviews with researchers in the Sahel region, it proposes a typology for Sahelian GDEs. This typology, rooted in geomorphological, hydrological, and socioeconomic contexts, comprises four primary categories: inland surface-water ecosystems, coastal and marine ecosystems, oasis and spring ecosystems, and terrestrial vegetation ecosystems. It serves as a framework for identifying an initial set of 251 GDEs in the Sahel, addressing the challenge of limited available data in this geographic area. By integrating the socioeconomic dimension of GDEs, this work underscores the pivotal role of robust conservation policies within a developmental strategy.
Dynamic Deformation Behavior of the Porcine Anterior Cruciate Ligament Enthesis Under Anterior Tibial Loading
Authors: Ishii Daichi , Sato Shiho , Fujie Hiromichi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study determined the insertion angle at the porcine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) enthesis under joint loading to provide information on the structure and mechanical function of the enthesis. Ten intact porcine knee joints were harvested, and an anterior tibial load was applied using a robotic testing system. After dissecting a portion of the ACL enthesis along ligament fibers, the remaining enthesis was imaged using a digital microscope while reproducing the three-dimensional intact knee motion. Fiber orientation angles (FOAs) in the enthesis region (0–300 µm from the ligament-bone boundary) and the ligament region (500–2000 µm from the ligament-bone boundary) were analyzed in the femoral and tibial entheses of the anteromedial bundle (AMB) of the ACL under loading. On the femoral side, the FOA in the enthesis region was significantly higher than that in the ligament region by approximately 10 degrees under loading (n = 5, p < 0.05 in paired t-test). In contrast, the FOAs in the enthesis and ligament regions on the tibial side were nearly equal under loading, with no significant difference (n = 5, p > 0.15 in paired t-test). Histological examination indicated that uncalcified fibrocartilage (UF) was abundant in the enthesis region of the AMB femoral enthesis while the UF was not observed in the enthesis region of the AMB tibial enthesis. Thus, the current data suggest that the regional dependence and independence in FOA are caused by the presence or absence of UF and contributes to a moderate and subtle load-transduction in the ACL enthesis.
Adapting ChatGPT for Color Blindness in Medical Education
Authors: Wang Jinge , Yu Thomas C. , Kolodney Michael S. , Perrotta Peter L. , Hu Gangqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Color vision deficiency (CVD) affects a significant portion of the population, yet its impact is often overlooked in medical education, especially in visually demanding specialties like dermatology, pathology, and radiology. In this study, we investigated the potential of ChatGPT to comprehend CVD-simulated images in image-based diagnostic tasks. Notably, the model successfully adapted its diagnostic reasoning to match CVD-modified color perception while preserving high prediction accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of using ChatGPT to foster more inclusive learning environments for individuals with CVD in visually intensive medical specialties.
Retinal pigment epithelial cells reduce vascular leak and proliferation in retinal neovessels
Authors: Tzaridis Simone , Aguilar Edith , Dorrell Michael I. , Friedlander Martin , Eade Kevin T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)-cells proliferate and migrate into the neuroretina, forming intraretinal pigment plaques. Though these pigmentary changes are hallmarks of disease progression, it is unknown if their presence is protective or detrimental.
Here, we first evaluated the impact of pigment plaques on vascular changes and disease progression in MacTel. In a retrospective, longitudinal study, we analyzed multimodal retinal images of patients with MacTel and showed that pigment plaques were associated with decreased vascular leakage and stabilized neovascular growth. We then modeled the underlying pathomechanisms of pigment plaque formation in aberrant neovascular growth using the very-low-density lipoprotein receptor mutant (Vldlr
−/−) mouse. Our data indicated that during RPE-proliferation, migration and accumulation along neovessels RPE-cells underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Pharmacologic inhibition of EMT in Vldlr
−/− mice decreased pigment coverage, and exacerbated neovascular growth and vascular leakage.
Our findings indicate that the proliferation, migration and perivascular accumulation of RPE-cells stabilize vascular proliferation and exudation, thereby exerting a protective effect on the diseased retina. We conclude that interfering with this “natural repair mechanism” may have detrimental effects on the course of the disease and should thus be avoided.
Gifts, Corporate Policies, and Individual Morality in UK’s Alternative Real Estate Lending Market
Authors: Wiejak-Roy Grazyna Aleksandra , Williams Alice Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGifts, gratuities, and hospitality are commonplace in industry and more so in the financial sector. They are often offered without any mention of their intention. However, they raise controversial and non-detectable reciprocity expectations. We investigate brokers and lenders in the UK’s alternative real estate lending sector. Unlike the rest of the financial market, the alternative real estate lending sector is on a rapid growth path and at the same time broadly unregulated, thereby providing a breeding ground for transactional graft. This is the first analysis of gift-related behaviour in this sector. Based on an online survey of 108 professionals, we identify their corporate gift policies and gather their views on what they believe these policies should be when it comes to monetary limits. We contrast these reports with the hypothetical choices these professionals make in personalized and isolated scenarios to assess their individual moral cut-offs. For the moral value consistent subjects (comprising 72% of the surveyed population) who report a single cut-off of monetary limits below which they accept gifts but above which they do not, we find that their monetary acceptance limits have no connection either with the policies of the corporations that they belong to or with their views about what such policies should be. This suggests that employees’ views about policies in their corporations are merely social constructs for their measure of morality which is different from the same measure of their individual morality when applied in isolation. This research informs policy and corporate decision-making to promote the impact of nudging on the role of an individual as an identity in an act of perceived graft rather than simply as a member of an organization.
Providing Nutrition Information on US Restaurant Menus: A Systematic Review Since the Affordable Care Act (2010)
Authors: Abbas R. , Hatch C. D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One noteworthy provision in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 in the USA was the mandate for restaurants with more than 20 locations to provide nutrition information on their printed restaurant menus and menu boards. This provision has received a wide variety of scrutiny in the literature and in popular press. This systematic review attempts to summarize the current state of research exploring the consumer behavior effects of providing nutrition information, identify gaps in the literature, and suggest future areas for research into the provision of such nutrition information. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool. Due to stringent inclusion criteria, focusing on research from ACA 2010 onwards in the USA, published in English, and assessed using EPHPP for high quality, 24 papers were ultimately included. The studies included dependent variables such as the calories or nutritional values of the meal choices made following menu exposure, the perceptions of the restaurant, the sales of the menu items, and evaluations or perceptions of the menu itself. The final discussion in this paper identifies a multitude of gaps in the current literature and avenues for further research into the effects of providing nutrition information on different socio-demographic segments, in different food and restaurant categories, in different health contexts and individual health situations, and groups with pre-existing eating disorders.
Managing Severe Hoarding in Non-voluntary Clients: A 2-years Follow-up Comparative Study of Three Different Approaches
Authors: Córcoles David , Guerrero Lucía , Ramos Ruben , Jerónimo Miguel A. , Samos Pilar , Chamorro Jacobo , Malagon Angeles , Bulbena Antoni , Martín Luis Miguel , Pérez Victor , Mane Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe management of severe hoarding is often highly challenging due to lack of collaboration and the need to coordinate a large team of professionals. Although numerous strategies have been developed to manage severe hoarding, the most effective approach has not been established. To evaluate and compare three different approaches to the management of severe hoarding in non-voluntary clients. Naturalistic study of clients treated involuntarily by a Crisis Resolution Home Treatment (CRHT) team for severe hoarding. Three management strategies were compared: (1) case management approach with full and part-time staff (HLH), (2) case management approach based on interprofessional networking collaboration (ICN), and (3) routine social service care with non-specific hoarding management led by a social worker (RSW). The Clutter Image Rating scale (CIR) was used to assess hoarding severity at baseline and at 6-, 12-, and 24-months. The main outcome measure was “case resolution” (CIR score < 4). Of the 271 cases referred to the CRHT, 214 completed all follow-up measures. Resolution was achieved in 84.5%, 36.6%, and 36.4% of cases managed by the HLH, RSW, and ICN strategies, respectively (p < 0.001). The HLH strategy resulted in the greatest improvement in hoarding behaviour. In this study, the most effective strategy to resolve severe hoarding in non-voluntary clients was the case management approach with a full-time team. These findings suggest that centralizing case management in a team of specialized, highly autonomous professionals using a collaborative approach involving motivational interviewing could be the best strategy to resolve severe hoarding.
Belief Revision Normalized
Authors: Goodman Jeremy , Salow Bernhard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We use the normality framework of Goodman and Salow
(2018, 2021, 2023b) to investigate of dynamics of rational belief. The guiding idea is that people are entitled to believe that their circumstances aren’t especially abnormal. More precisely, a rational agent’s beliefs rule out all and only those possibilities that are either (i) ruled out by their evidence or (ii) sufficiently less normal than some other possibility not ruled out by their evidence. Working within this framework, we argue that the logic of rational belief revision is much weaker than is usually supposed. We do so by isolating a natural family of orthodox principles about belief revision, describing realistic cases in which these principles seem to fail, and showing how these counterexamples are predicted by independently motivated models of the cases in question. In these models, whether one evidential possibility counts as sufficiently less normal than another is determined by underlying probabilities (together with a contextually determined question). We argue that the resulting probabilistic account of belief compares favorably with other such accounts, including Lockeanism (Foley, 1993), a ‘stability’ account inspired by Leitgeb
(2017), the ‘tracking theory’ of Lin and Kelly
(2012), and the influential precursor of Levi
(1967). We show that all of these accounts yield subtly different but similarly heterodox logics of belief revision.
Ontology of doctor and patient relationship and bioethics: from Aristotle’s teleology to Pellegrino’s philosophy of medicine
Authors: Ribeiro Ferreira Nuno , Pereira Américo , Nunes Rui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Some philosophical and metaethical theories have tried to provide a fundamental background for bioethics but miss the fundamental question about what medicine is, its nature and its end. We argue that the philosophy of medicine, through the development that Edmund Pellegrino and David Thomasma gave to this field of study, allied with Aristotle’s practical and teleological ethics, can provide an ontological background for bioethics beyond the tradition of principles and deontology, with particular emphasis on the uniqueness of the doctor-patient encounter. Some difficulties and criticisms of this ontological model are also examined.