bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cladistic analysis of the tribe Eburiini Blanchard, 1945 and revalidation of the tribe Dychophyiini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Botero Juan Pablo , Monné Marcela L 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEburiini is currently composed of 22 genera and 262 species, with a geographical distribution restricted to the Americas. Herein, we present a cladistic analysis of Eburiini and its genera, using a matrix with 82 terminal taxa, 52 from the ingroup (including representatives of all recognized genera) and 30 from the outgroup, and 105 characters of the adult morphology. The matrix was analysed under implied weights, and the tribe was not recovered as monophyletic. In order to recover the monophyly of the tribe, two genera of Heteropsini, Heterops and Eburiola, were transferred to Eburiini. The transfer of Heterops, type genus of Heteropsini, results in these two tribes being considered synonyms, with the name Eburiini having priority. The tribe Dychophyiini was resurrected to include the genera that were allocated to Heteropsini and were not transferred to Eburiini. The subgenus Eburia (Eleutho) was recovered as monophyletic and is herein elevated to genus rank. The genera Opades and Pantomallus are synonymized. The species Eburia sordida and Eburia fuliginea were transferred to Pantomallus, recovering the monophyly of the genus. With the synonymy of Opades, the transfer of the genera Heterops and Eburiola, and the new status of Eleutho, Eburiini is composed of 24 genera and 268 species.
Sport Preparticipation Screening for Asymptomatic Atlantoaxial Instability in Patients With Down Syndrome
Authors: Tomlinson Christopher , Campbell Alastair , Hurley Alison , Fenton Eoin , Heron Neil 
Published: August 2018

Abstract:
Down syndrome (DS) is a clinical syndrome comprising typical facial features and various physical and intellectual disabilities due to extra genetic material on chromosome 21, with one in every 1000 babies born in the United Kingdom affected. Patients with Down syndrome are at risk of atlantoaxial instability (AAI). Although AAI can occur in other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, this position statement deals specifically with patients with DS and asymptomatic AAI. Atlantoaxial instability, also referred to as atlantoaxial subluxation, is defined as increased movement between the first (atlas) and second (axial) cervical vertebra joint articulation, the atlantoaxial joint. Atlantoaxial instability is reported to occur in 6.8% to 27% of the DS population, although this varies depending on the age of the patients whom you are screening. Less than 1% to 2% of these patients are then thought to later develop symptomatic AAI, although the natural history and progression of AAI is not well understood. The risks associated with AAI are neurological injury from excessive movement of the cervical vertebra impinging on and then damaging the spinal cord, although the risk of this during sporting activities is extremely rare. Clearly, physical activity and sports participation for patients with DS has many biological, psychological, and social benefits, and the Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine (FSEM), United Kingdom, wishes to promote safe physical activity and sport for all. The FSEM, United Kingdom, has therefore produced a statement regarding sport preparticipation screening for asymptomatic AAI in patients with DS.
The catalytic role of iodine excess in loss of homeostasis in autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Duntas Leonidas H. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
To review the latest developments concerning the role of iodine in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Recent findings
Recent studies have provided evidence that in areas with excess iodine intake, increased incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis marked by high titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies has occurred. Investigations in the NOD.H2h4 mouse, a strain prone to AIT, showed that they are better adapted to the Wolff–Chaikoff effect.

Summary
To provide an overview of the studies conducted during the last few years implicating iodine in the development and manifestation of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Nontraditional Students’ Perceptions of Marginalization in Baccalaureate Nursing Education
Authors: Englund Heather M. 
Published: August 2018

Background
Despite the continued efforts to diversify the population of nursing students in the United States, marginalization and attrition remain significant issues for nontraditional students.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between marginality and nontraditional student status in nursing students enrolled in a baccalaureate nursing program in Texas.

Method
A nonexperimental, descriptive, correlational design was used for data collection. Participants (n = 192) completed a demographic survey, and marginality was measured using the Koci Marginality Index-70.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in mean scores for a number of variables including gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, total household income, completion of a previous college degree, being a parent, and a student for whom English is a nonnative language.

Conclusion
The findings from this research study suggest that marginalization remains a significant issue for nontraditional, prelicensure nursing students.
Bevacizumab in Cervical Cancer: 5 Years After
Authors: Pfaendler Krista S. , Liu Marisa C. , Tewari Krishnansu S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Over the past 5 years, addition of bevacizumab to combination chemotherapy for advanced, recurrent, and persistent cervical cancer has offered prolonged overall and progression-free survival. Since the original press release announcing the survival benefits of this antiangiogenesis therapy, there has been further study of bevacizumab related to quality of life, combination with other agents, use of imaging to evaluate likelihood of response, and development of biosimilars. This review summarizes publications related to bevacizumab use in advanced, recurrent, and persistent cervical cancer over the past 5 years since initial proof of concept of antiangiogenesis therapy and the initial dissemination of information regarding survival benefits of bevacizumab.
Bevacizumab and Glioblastoma
Authors: Kim Michelle M. , Umemura Yoshie , Leung Denise 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal intracranial malignancy, with few advances in treatment over the last several decades. Much excitement surrounded the initial approval for bevacizumab for recurrent GBM, given the marked radiographic responses and improvement in progression-free survival observed in early studies. However, phase III studies have failed to demonstrate an overall survival advantage with the use of this agent. An overview of the mechanism of action and activity of bevacizumab in adult gliomas, a timeline of pivotal clinical trials, data on its impact on quality of life and imaging, and its role in managing the sequelae of treatment provide evidence for its current use. Investigations into combinatorial approaches utilizing bevacizumab with reirradiation and immunotherapy and ongoing work to identify biomarkers to select patient subsets who may benefit from treatment elucidate important unanswered questions that will further define the role of bevacizumab in the management of patients with GBM.
The Value of 16-cm Wide-Detector Computed Tomography in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Patients With High Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Chen Yuhuan , Wei Donghong , Li Dou , Liu Zhentang , Hu Zhijun , Li Michelle , Jia Yongjun , Yu Yong , Han Dong , Ren Ranzhi , Yu Nan , He Taiping 
Published: August 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate radiation dose and image quality of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA) for patients with high heart rate variability (HRv) using 16-cm wide-detector CT scanner.

Methods
One hundred sixty-six patients with uncontrolled heart rate underwent CCTA on a 16-cm wide-detector CT system and were divided into 2 groups based on their HRv for analysis: group A (n = 95, HRv ≤10 beats/min [bpm]) and group B (n = 71, HRv >10 bpm). Images in both groups were reconstructed with motion correction algorithm. Subjective and objective image qualities were analyzed.

Results
There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, and heart rate (68.1 ± 11.4 vs 67.6 ± 12.3 bpm) between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). However, group B had significantly higher HRv than group A (33.5 ± 24.4 vs 7.8 ± 1.2 bpm, P < 0.001). All images were acceptable for clinical diagnosis. Compared with group A, image quality scores in group B decreased slightly (4.1 ± 0.5 vs 4.0 ± 0.6). However, the difference was not statistically significant. The mean effective doses were both relatively low at 2.2 ± 1.1 mSv in group A and 2.6 ± 1.4 mSv in group B.

Conclusions
Single-heartbeat free-breathing CCTA can be performed for patients with high HRv using 16-cm wide-detector CT scanner to achieve diagnostic image quality with low radiation dose.
Transplantation of Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes Is Superior to Somatic Stem Cell Therapy for Restoring Cardiac Function and Oxygen Consumption in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ishida Masaru , Miyagawa Shigeru , Saito Atsuhiro , Fukushima Satsuki , Harada Akima , Ito Emiko , Ohashi Fumiya , Watabe Tadashi , Hatazawa Jun , Matsuura Katsuhisa , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: August 2018

Background
Somatic stem cell (SC) therapy can improve cardiac performance following ischemic injury. In this study, we investigated whether induced pluripotent SC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) are more effective than somatic SCs, such as skeletal myoblasts (SM) and mesenchymal (M)SCs, in promoting functional recovery upon transplantation in a porcine model of myocardial infarction.

Methods
Myocardial injury was induced by ameroid ring placement in immunosuppressed female mini pigs; after 1 month, epicardial cell transplantation was performed with iPS-CMs (n = 7), SMs (n = 7), and MSCs (n = 7). Control pigs underwent sham operation (n = 8).

Results
Cell therapy improved functional recovery 2 months after myocardial infarction, as evidenced by increased ejection fraction (iPS-CM, +7.3% ± 2.2% and SM, +5.8% ± 5.4% vs control, −4.4% ± 3.8%; P < 0.05). The analysis of regional contractile function in the infarcted zone revealed an increase in transverse peak strain (iPS-CM, +4.6% ± 2.2% vs control, −3.8% ± 4.7%; P < 0.05). The C-11 acetate kinetic analysis by positron emission tomography showed that the work-metabolic cardiac energy efficacy increased by the transplantation of iPS-CMs, but was reduced by the other cell types. This was accompanied by decreased myocardial wall stress in the infarcted zone (iPS-CM, −27.6 ± 32.3 Pa and SM, −12.8 ± 27 Pa vs control, +40.5 ± 33.9 Pa; P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The iPS-CM is superior to other somatic cell sources in terms of improving regional contractile function and cardiac bioenergetic efficiency, suggesting greater clinical benefits in severely damaged myocardium.
Assessing natural selection during range expansions: Insights from a spatially explicit ABC study
Authors: Kanitz Ricardo , Neuenschwander Samuel , Goudet Jérôme 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor at least 40 years now, evolutionary biologists have discussed the relative roles of natural selection and genetic drift in shaping the genetic composition of populations. Range expansions are of particular interest in this discussion: They normally occur over environmental gradients allowing local adaptation to take place, but the demographic properties of these expansions also potentiate genetic-drift effects, which may in turn randomly generate extreme changes in allele frequencies as populations expand in territory and numbers (i.e. allele surfing). Here, we address the detection and measurement of selection in such scenario using simulations. We mimic a range expansion over a variable selective gradient where individuals have in their genomes both loci that are neutral and loci determining a quantitative trait subject to selection. The responsiveness of summary statistics to the selective pressure is then assessed, and estimates of the selective pressure are made – based on these statistics – with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). We observe that statistics related to isolation-by-distance patterns present a strong response to selection. This response can be used in ABC to estimate the strength of selection acting on the simulated populations with very reliable measures of estimability, regardless of the genetic architecture underlying the selected trait. Furthermore, these estimates are robust to noise produced by other genetic and demographic parameters such as heritability, mutation, migration and population-growth rates. This approach of taking into account the spatial dimension of differentiation in quantitative traits offers a promising avenue of investigation about the role of natural selection in range-expansion scenarios, with possible implementations in the study of natural cases, as well.
Transcriptome and Comparative Genomics analyses reveal new functional insights on key determinants of pathogenesis and interbacterial competition inPectobacteriumandDickeyaspp
Authors: Bellieny-Rabelo Daniel , Tanui Collins K. , Miguel Nikki , Kwenda Stanford , Shyntum Divine Y. , Moleleki Lucy N. 
Published: August 2018

SummarySoft-rotEnterobacteriaceae(SRE) typified byPectobacteriumandDickeyagenera are phytopathogenic bacteria inflicting soft-rot disease in crops worldwide. By combining genomic information from 100 SRE with whole-transcriptome datasets, we identified novel genomic and transcriptional associations amongst key pathogenicity themes in this group. Comparative genomics revealed solid linkage between thetypeIsecretionsystem (T1SS) and the carotovoricin bacteriophage (Ctv) conserved in 96.7% ofPectobacteriumgenomes. Moreover, their co-activation during infection might indicate a novel functional association involving T1SS/Ctv. Another bacteriophage-borne genomic region mostly confined in less than 10% ofPectobacteriumorganisms was found, presumably comprising a novel lineage-specific prophage in the genus. We also detected the transcriptional co-regulation of a previously predicted toxin/immunity pair (WHH and SMI1_KNR4 families) along with type VI secretion system (T6SS) andhcp/vgrGgenes suggesting a role in disease development as T6SS-dependent effectors. Further, we showed that another predicted T6SS-dependent endonuclease (AHH-family) exhibited toxicity in ectopic expression assays indicating antibacterial activity. Additionally, we report the striking conservation of group-4-capsule (GFC) cluster in 100 SRE strains which consistently features adjacently conserved serotype-specific gene-arrays comprising a previously unknown organization in GFC clusters. Also, extensive sequence variations found ingfcAorthologs suggest a serotype-specific role in the GfcABCD machinery.
Induction of the BIMS Splice Variant Sensitizes Proliferating NK Cells to IL-15 Withdrawal
Authors: Jacobs Benedikt , Pfefferle Aline , Clement Dennis , Goodridge Jodie P. , Saetersmoen Michelle L. , Lorenz Susanne , Wiiger Merete Thune , Malmberg Karl-Johan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAdoptive transfer of allogeneic NK cells holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. There is a variety of protocols to expand NK cells in vitro, most of which are based on stimulation with cytokines alone or in combination with feeder cells. Although IL-15 is essential for NK cell homeostasis in vivo, it is commonly used at supra-physiological levels to induce NK cell proliferation in vitro. As a result, adoptive transfer of such IL-15 addicted NK cells is associated with cellular stress due to sudden cytokine withdrawal. Here, we describe a dose-dependent addiction to IL-15 during in vitro expansion, leading to caspase-3 activation and profound cell death upon IL-15 withdrawal. NK cell addiction to IL-15 was tightly linked to the BCL-2/BIM ratio, which rapidly dropped during IL-15 withdrawal. Furthermore, we observed a proliferation-dependent induction of BIM short (BIM S), a highly pro-apoptotic splice variant of BIM, in IL-15 activated NK cells. These findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in NK cell apoptosis following cytokine withdrawal and may guide future NK cell priming strategies in a cell therapy setting.
A retrospective evaluation of automated optimization of deep brain stimulation parameters
Authors: Vorwerk Johannes , Brock Andrea A. , Anderson Daria N. , Rolston John D. , Butson Christopher R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe performed a retrospective analysis of an optimization algorithm for the computation of patient-specific multipolar stimulation configurations employing multiple independent current/voltage sources. We evaluated whether the obtained stimulation configurations align with clinical data and whether the optimized stimulation configurations have the potential to lead to an equal or better stimulation of the target region as manual programming, while reducing the time required for programming sessions.MethodsFor three patients (five electrodes) diagnosed with essential tremor, we derived optimized multipolar stimulation configurations using an approach that is suitable for the application in clinical practice. To evaluate the automatically derived stimulation settings, we compared them to the results of the monopolar review.ResultsWe observe a good agreement between the findings of the monopolar review and the optimized stimulation configurations, with the algorithm assigning the maximal voltage in the optimized multipolar pattern to the contact that was found to lead to the best therapeutic effect in the clinical monopolar review in all cases. Additionally, our simulation results predict that the optimized stimulation settings lead to the activation of an equal or larger volume fraction of the target compared to the manually determined settings in all cases.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the feasibility of an automatic determination of optimal DBS configurations and motivate a further evaluation of the applied optimization algorithm.
Structurally distinct endocytic pathways for B cell receptors in B lymphocytes
Authors: Roberts Aleah D. , Davenport Thaddeus M. , Dickey Andrea M. , Ahn Regina , Sochacki Kem A. , Taraska Justin W. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTB lymphocytes play a critical role in adaptive immunity. Upon antigen binding, B cell receptors (BCR) cluster on the plasma membrane and are internalized by endocytosis. In this process, B cells capture diverse antigens in various contexts and concentrations. However, it is unclear whether the mechanism of BCR endocytosis changes in response to these factors. Here, we studied the mechanism of soluble antigen-induced BCR clustering and internalization in a cultured human B cell line using correlative super resolution fluorescence and platinum replica electron microscopy. First, by visualizing nanoscale BCR clusters, we provide direct evidence that BCR cluster size increases with F(ab’)2 concentration. Next, we show that the physical mechanism of internalization switches in response to BCR cluster size. At low concentrations of antigen, B cells internalize small BCR clusters by classical clathrin-mediated endocytosis. At high antigen concentrations, when clusters size increases beyond the size of a single clathrin coated pit, B cells retrieve receptor clusters using large invaginations of the plasma membrane capped with clathrin. At these sites, we observed early and sustained recruitment of actin and an actin polymerizing protein FCHSD2. We further show that actin recruitment is required for the efficient generation of these novel endocytic carriers and for their capture into the cytosol. We propose that in B cells, the mechanism of endocytosis switches to accommodate large receptor clusters formed when cells encounter high concentrations of soluble antigen. This mechanism is regulated by the organization and dynamics of the cortical actin cytoskeleton.
Penton-dodecahedron of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 as a vaccine candidate for the control of related diseases
Authors: Tang Qiuxia , Dangi Ruyi , Qiu Li , Yang Zengqi , Wang Xinglong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn some serotypes of adenovirus (Ad), the penton base protein and attached trimeric fiber assemble into dodecameric virus-like particles called penton-dodecahedron (Pt-Dd), which can internalize into cells and can be used to deliver the vaccine antigen and drugs. Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is an important poultry pathogens and causing seriously economic lost to poultry industry in China and several other counties. The produce of Pt-Dd in FAdV-4 infected cells as well as in those infected with the recombinant human Ad expressing fiber-1, fiber-2, and penton base was determine by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the First time, we proved that FAdV-4 produced Pt-Dd in infected cells, which can also be assembled by the overexpressed recombinant proteins fiber-1, fiber-2, and penton base. Pt-Dd, as well as the recombinant proteins fiber-1, fiber-2, and penton base, were then used to immunize chickens. The humoral immune response, cell mediate immune response (CMI), and challenge results were used to evaluate the immune efficacy of the vaccine candidates. Pt-Dd induced the highest level of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies and high levels of CMI, showing a significantly (p < 0.05) high level of interferon γ, interleukin-4, and major histocompatibility complex II expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 48 h post-infection. The challenge results showed that Pt-Dd, inactivated FAdV-4 vaccine, as well as fiber-1 induced the best protection (100%), followed by fiber-2 (80%) and penton (67%). The present study showed that FAdV-4-Pt-Dd and recombinant fiber-1 are good FAdV-4 vaccine candidates and could be used to replace the tissue-sourced inactivated FAdV-4 vaccine.ImportanceFAdV-4-Pt-Dds were discovered in FAdV-4 infected cells, and which were also assembled in cells transduced with recombinant human adenovirus expressing fiber-1, fiber-2, and penton base. FAdV-4-Pt-Dds internalize into cells with high efficiency, so that it can be used for delivery vaccine antigen or drugs. Immunization chickens with Pt-Dd and fiber-1 obtained by transduction HEK-293T cells induced significant high level humoral and cellular mediated immune responses, and also 100% challenge protection in chickens indicating that they are good FAdV-4 vaccine candidates. What more, the Pt-Dd obtained by transduction HEK-293T cell would have no DNA and adenovirus contamination as adenovirus could not package in HEK-293T cells.
The representational dynamics of visual objects in rapid serial visual processing streams
Authors: Grootswagers Tijl , Robinson Amanda K. , Carlson Thomas A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn our daily lives, we are bombarded with a stream of rapidly changing visual input. Humans have the remarkable capacity to detect and identify objects in fast-changing scenes. Yet, when studying brain representations, stimuli are generally presented in isolation. Here, we studied the dynamics of human vision using a combination of fast stimulus presentation rates, electroencephalography and multivariate decoding analyses. Using a presentation rate of 5 images per second, we obtained the representational structure of a large number of stimuli, and showed the emerging abstract categorical organisation of this structure. Furthermore, we could separate the temporal dynamics of perceptual processing from higher-level target selection effects. In a second experiment, we used the same paradigm at 20Hz to show that shorter image presentation limits the categorical abstraction of object representations. Our results show that applying multivariate pattern analysis to every image in rapid serial visual processing streams has unprecedented potential for studying the temporal dynamics of the structure of representations in the human visual system.