bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What did you Really Earn Last Year?: Explaining Measurement Error in Survey Income Data
Authors: Angel Stefan , Disslbacher Franziska , Humer Stefan , Schnetzer Matthias 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe paper analyses the sources of income measurement error in surveys with a unique data set. We use the Austrian 2008–2011 waves of the European Union ‘Statistics on income and living conditions’ survey which provide individual information on wages, pensions and unemployment benefits from survey interviews and officially linked administrative records. Thus, we do not have to fall back on complex two-sample matching procedures like related studies. We empirically investigate four sources of measurement error, namely social desirability, sociodemographic characteristics of the respondent, the survey design and the presence of learning effects. We find strong evidence for a social desirability bias in income reporting, whereas the presence of learning effects is mixed and depends on the type of income under consideration. An Owen value decomposition reveals that social desirability is a major explanation of misreporting in wages and pensions, whereas sociodemographic characteristics are most relevant for mismatches in unemployment benefits.
Sedimentary evidence of prehistoric distant‐source tsunamis in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: La Selle Seanpaul , Richmond Bruce M. , Jaffe Bruce E. , Nelson Alan R. , Griswold Frances R. , Arcos Maria E. M. , Chagué Catherine , Bishop James M. , Bellanova Piero , Kane Haunani H. , Lunghino Brent D. , Gelfenbaum Guy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the past 200 years of written records, the Hawaiian Islands have experienced tens of tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the subduction zones of the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’ (for example, Alaska–Aleutian, Kuril–Kamchatka, Chile and Japan). Mapping and dating anomalous beds of sand and silt deposited by tsunamis in low‐lying areas along Pacific coasts, even those distant from subduction zones, is critical for assessing tsunami hazard throughout the Pacific basin. This study searched for evidence of tsunami inundation using stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of potential tsunami deposits beneath present and former Hawaiian wetlands, coastal lagoons, and river floodplains. Coastal wetland sites on the islands of Hawai΄i, Maui, O΄ahu and Kaua΄i were selected based on historical tsunami runup, numerical inundation modelling, proximity to sandy source sediments, degree of historical wetland disturbance, and breadth of prior geological and archaeological investigations. Sand beds containing marine calcareous sediment within peaty and/or muddy wetland deposits on the north and north‐eastern shores of Kaua΄i, O΄ahu and Hawai΄i were interpreted as tsunami deposits. At some sites, deposits of the 1946 and 1957 Aleutian tsunamis are analogues for deeper, older probable tsunami deposits. Radiocarbon‐based age models date sand beds from three sites to ca 700 to 500 cal yr bp, which overlaps ages for tsunami deposits in the eastern Aleutian Islands that record a local subduction zone earthquake. The overlapping modelled ages for tsunami deposits at the study sites support a plausible correlation with an eastern Aleutian earthquake source for a large prehistoric tsunami in the Hawaiian Islands.
Phylogenomic analysis resolves the relationships among net‐winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) and reveals the parallel evolution of morphological traits
Authors: Kusy Dominik , Motyka Michal , Bocek Matej , Masek Michal , Bocak Ladislav 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNet‐winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) are a diverse group of elateroids known for aposematism and neoteny. Phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data have revealed different results with respect to within‐group relationships. In this study, we recovered a highly supported phylogenomic phylogeny and identified seven subfamilies: Dexorinae stat.n., Calochrominae stat.n., Erotinae, Ateliinae, Lycinae, Lyropaeinae stat.n. and Metriorrhynchinae stat.n. Our results suggest that female neoteny evolved multiple times. Therefore, the development of similar morphological modifications in neotenics may be linked and may have produced characteristics such as body miniaturization, structural simplification, i.e. reduction of mouthparts, fewer antennomeres and palpomeres, uniquely shaped terminal palpomeres, shortened elytra, the loss of coadaptation between the elytra and pronotum, and others. Additional traits evolved in parallel due to similarities in biology, function and sexual selection. These characteristics include mimetic similarities, the presence of the rostrum, pronotal carinae and elytral costae, and the structure of male genitalia. By comparing the phylogenomic topology with the evolution of morphological characters, we were able to identify evolutionary trends in lycids and compare them with analogues for other neotenic elateroids. These traits have not been accepted as homoplasies due to the ambiguous phylogenetic signal from Sanger sequencing markers.
Assessing the non-inferiority of prosthesis constructs used in hip replacement using data from the National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man: a benchmarking study
Authors: Deere Kevin C , Whitehouse Michael R , Porter Martyn , Blom Ashley W , Sayers Adrian 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the relative performance of hip prosthesis constructs as compared with the best performing prosthesis constructs and illustrate the substantial variability in performance of currently used prostheses.DesignA non-inferiority study.SettingThe National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man (NJR).ParticipantsAll patients with a primary total hip replacement registered in the NJR between 1 April 2003 and 31 December 2016.Main outcome measuresKaplan-Meier failure function for hip prosthesis constructs. Failure difference between best performing construct and remaining constructs.MethodsUsing a non-inferiority analysis, the performance of hip prosthesis constructs by brand were compared with the best performing contemporary construct. Construct failure was estimated using the 1-Kaplan-Meier survival function method, that is, an estimate of net failure. The difference in failure between the contemporary benchmark and all other constructs was tested.ResultsOf the 4442 constructs used, only 134 had ≥500 procedures at risk at 3 years postprimary, 89 of which were not demonstrated to be inferior to the benchmark by at least 100% relative risk. By 10 years postprimary, there were 26 constructs with ≥500 at risk, 13 of which were not demonstrated to be inferior by at least 20% relative risk.Even fewer constructs were not inferior to the benchmark when analysed by age and gender. At 5 years postprimary, there were 15 constructs in males and 11 in females, aged 55–75 years, not shown to be inferior.ConclusionsThere is great variability in construct performance and the majority of constructs have not been demonstrated to be non-inferior to contemporary benchmarks. These results can help to inform patients, clinicians and commissioners when considering hip replacement surgery.
Use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in porcine health management
Authors: Schoos Alexandra , Devreese Mathias , Maes Dominiek GD 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTreatment of inflammation and pain management is an important topic in the welfare of pigs. It is very difficult for veterinary practitioners to choose the most appropriate product for a certain problem. This review aims to summarise and discuss the characteristics of different non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as paracetamol and metamizole, available for pigs in the European Union.MethodsThe databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, CliniPharm CliniTox and European Medicines Agency were searched. Relevant terms (eg,‘meloxicam’, ‘fever’, ‘swine’, ‘pig’, ‘inflammation’, ‘castration’, ‘pain’) were used to search for original articles, reviews and books. Only peer‐reviewed articles were used. References from studies were also analysed in order to find additional relevant studies.ConclusionStudies which have investigated the efficacy of NSAIDs for different conditions, using different treatment regimens, are scarce. Most studies focused on the efficacy of NSAID‐related pain alleviation in piglet castration, as well as the anti‐inflammatory potential of NSAIDs in experimental inflammation models. Little research has been carried out on the use of metamizole, tolfenamic acid, paracetamol and sodium salicylate and their effect in pigs.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection in different matrices under typical storage conditions in the UK
Authors: Fan Jinghui , Gerber Priscilla F , Cubas Atienzar Ana , Eppink Lysan , Wang Chong , Opriessnig Tanja 
Published: April 2019

In the UK, approximately 40 per cent of the pig breeding herds are outdoors. To monitor their porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status, blood is collected commonly from piglets around weaning. Sample collection in British outdoor pigs often occurs during the early morning hours when the piglets tend to accumulate inside sheltered areas. For practical reasons, dry cotton swabs are occasionally used for blood collection and stored at room temperature until arrival in the laboratory. Detection of PRRSV RNA is a function of viral concentration, sample type and storage condition. To evaluate a possible impact of the sampling protocol on PRRSV1 detection, experimentally spiked blood samples using three dilutions of a representative PRRSV1 strain were prepared. In addition, blood samples from pigs naturally infected with PRRSV were obtained from a PRRSV‐positive British herd. Spiked blood and blood from infected pigs were used to obtain sera, dry or wet (immersed in saline) polyester or cotton swabs and FTA cards. The different samples were stored for 24 hours, 48 hours or 7 days at 4°C or 20°C and tested by a real‐time reverse transcriptase PRRSV PCR assay. Under the study conditions, the best matrix was serum (96.7 per cent), followed by wet swabs (78 per cent), dry swabs (61.3 per cent) and FTA cards (51 per cent). Polyester swabs (76 per cent) showed a better performance than cotton swabs (63.3 per cent). The reduction in sensitivity obtained for swabs and FTA cards was particularly high at low viral concentrations. The results indicate that wet polyester swabs should be used whenever possible.
Evolving Threat of Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Upper Extremity Infections in the South Pacific: 2011–2015
Authors: Abeysekera Nandoun , Wong Stephen , Jackson Bryce , Buchanan Derek , Heiss-Dunlop Wolfgang , Mathy Jon A. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) rates have been increasing worldwide and contribute to a growing “global health security threat” as reported by the WHO. Our group previously reported an overall rate of 7% in CA-MRSA upper extremity infections between 2004–2009 at the Auckland Regional Hand Unit. This fell below the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation for empiric antimicrobial cover once local rates exceed 10–15%. We examined prevalence and characteristics of CA-MRSA upper extremity infections in our region over a subsequent 5-year period. Methods: One thousand two hundred and fifty-two patients with upper extremity infections requiring operative management between 2011 and 2015 inclusive were included in this study. Associated clinical characteristics were recorded including ethnicity, cultured organisms, antibiotic sensitivities, infection rate, and treatment practice. Results: One hundred and fifty (12%) of patients had culture positive CA-MRSA upper extremity infections. There was an increasing annual trend. Of note, rates of CA-MRSA in the Maori and Pacific Island ethnic subpopulations exceeded 15% in 2014 and 2015. Susceptibilities, associated factors and patient demographics are reported. Conclusions: Our unit enjoys significantly lower rates of CA-MRSA upper extremity infections than has been reported internationally. However, trends are increasing relative to our prior 6-year report, and the threshold for empiric treatment has been met within the Maori and Pacific Island ethnic subpopulations. This evolving threat is also highlighted by increasing cases of multi-drug resistant CA-MRSA. Evolving regional guidelines for empiric coverage of CA-MRSA among high-risk ethnic subpopulations identified by this study are underway.
Efficacy of Primary Repair in Professional Athletes with Chronic Radial Collateral Ligament Injuries of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: Wang Kemble K. , Boyce Glenn , Peters Tracy , Anderson Hamish , Hoy Greg 
Published: April 2019

Background: Management of grade III injuries of the radial collateral ligament (RCL) of the thumb is controversial. These injuries are often treated with early surgery. However, early surgery may not be practical for the professional athlete. We report on the outcome of delayed primary repair of chronic RCL injuries without the use of tendon grafts or tendon transfers. Methods: Twelve elite professional athletes with 15 soft tissue RCL injuries who underwent delayed surgery (greater than 6 weeks) were included in this study. Athletes were managed with splinting and ongoing play during the sporting season, and underwent surgery at the conclusion of the season. Mean duration from injury to surgery was 5 months. Mean follow-up was 4.2 years after surgery. Patient-report outcome measures including pain, satisfaction rating, and disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores were collected. Examination findings including range of motion, laxity, and grip and pinch strength were also measured. Return-to-play data were collected for all athletes. Results: The RCL was able to be primarily repaired with suture anchors in all cases. All twelve patients were able to return to competitive play at the same pre-injury professional level. Post-operative joint function such as range of motion and laxity were comparable to the unaffected contralateral side, as were grip and lateral pinch strengths. Tip-pinch strength is lower compared to the unaffected side, but is comparable to age and sex-matched reference group. Conclusions: Delayed primary repair of the RCL is a viable option and results in satisfactory long-term outcomes. This option may be more preferable to the professional athlete who wishes to avoid surgery during the sporting season.
An Assessment of Sleep Disturbance in Patients before and after Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Erickson John , Polatsch Daniel , Beldner Steven , Melamed Eitan 
Published: April 2019

Background: Night time numbness is a key characteristic of CTS and relief of night time symptoms is one of the outcomes most important to patients. This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference between sleep quality and night symptoms before and after carpal tunnel release (CTR). Methods: Forty-four, English-speaking adult patients requesting open CTR for electrodiagnostically confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome completed questionnaires before and after surgery. Average age was 59, 24 patients were men and 20 were women. Patient with a primary or secondary sleep disorder were excluded. Before surgery, patients completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality index (PSQI). At an average of 3 months after surgery, participants completed PSQI questionnaires. Onset of sleep quality improvement was specifically addressed. Differences between preoperative and postoperative sleep quality were evaluated using the paired t-test. Spearman correlations were used to assess the relationship between continuous variables. Results: Of the 44 patients, 32 (72%) were classified as poor sleepers (PSQI > 5.5) prior to surgery. At 3 months follow up, there was a significant improvement PSQI global scores (7.8 ± 5.1 vs 4 ± 3.5, p < 0.001) as well as subdivisions. Daytime dysfunction (0.2 ± 0.4, p < 0.001) and medication use (1.0 ± 1.2 vs 0.9 ± 1.2, p < 0.045) secondary to sleep disturbance and was improved as well. In all patients, onset of improvement was within 24 hours of surgery. Conclusions: CTR is associated with improvement in sleep quality at 3 months follow-up. CTR improves daytime dysfunction related to the sleep disturbance. The onset of sleep improvement is 24 hours after surgery in most cases.
Computational Simulation of Synovial Fluid Kinematics of the Scapholunate Joint
Authors: Wong Yoke-Rung , Huei Tay Sophie Sok , Mat Jais Ita Suzana , Leo Hwa-Liang , Lieu Chee-Fui , Tay Shian-Chao 
Published: April 2019

Background: The interaction between wrist kinematics and synovial fluid pressure has yet to be studied. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the effect of scapholunate joint kinematics on synovial fluid pressure change using finite volume method.Methods: The carpal bones of a cadaveric hand were obtained from Computed Tomography (CT) scans. CT images of the carpal bones were segmented and reconstructed into 3D model. The 3D synovial fluid model between the scaphoid and lunate was constructed and then used for computational simulations. The kinematics data of scapholunate joint obtained from radioulnar deviation of the wrist was investigated.Results: It was found that the pressure in synovial fluid varied from -1.68 to 2.64 Pa with maximum pressure located at the scaphoid-fluid interface during the radial deviation. For ulnar deviation, the pressure increased gradually from the scaphoid-fluid interface towards the lunate-fluid interface (-1.37 to 0.37 Pa).Conclusions: This new computational model provides a basis for the study of pathomechanics of ligament injury with the inclusion of synovial fluid.
Are Flexor Tendon Ruptures Ever Spontaneous? - A Literature Review on Closed Flexor Tendon Ruptures of the Little Finger
Authors: Lee Jasmin Shimin , McGrouther Duncan Angus 
Published: April 2019

Background: When closed ruptures of flexor tendons of fingers occur, there is often an identifiable pathology, which should be addressed in the same surgical setting as the tendon repair. The concept of “spontaneous” tendon rupture, occurring in the absence of identified pathology, however, has also been reported in a significant number of papers. This controversy has prompted us to do a review of the existing literature.Methods: We did a review of cases of closed ruptures of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) of the little finger in existing literature. Fifty-three publications were retrieved by searching “FDP tendon rupture” and “little finger” using PubMed database. We analyzed data such as the zone of rupture noted intra-operatively; and any precipitating factors, pathology or trauma. We also conducted a review on papers which discussed the concept of “spontaneous rupture”.Results: Fifty-three publications were retrieved. There were 8 cases of ruptures in Zone I; 2 in Zone II; 30 in Zone III; 59 in Zone IV and 5 in Zone V. Majority of cases were associated with an element of trauma of varying severity, or pathology. A precipitating cause was not documented in 12 cases. Amongst all 36 cases of ruptures labelled as “spontaneous”, only 1 case was truly “spontaneous” without any associated trauma or pathology.Conclusions: Most reports labeled as spontaneous rupture occurred in Zone III, where tendon ruptures are rare. There are documented pathological causes or evidence of trauma to most of these cases. We conclude these ruptures may have been mislabeled as spontaneous ruptures. Bearing in mind the propensity for tendon excursion, we suspect the lack of documentation of exploration in proximal zones contributed to this mislabeling. Understanding this concept of non-spontaneity to most tendon ruptures and the common sites of rupture or pathology is crucial for a surgeon to make strategic incisions and minimize future recurrence.
An Inhibitor of the Pleckstrin Homology Domain of CNK1 Selectively Blocks the Growth of Mutant KRAS Cells and Tumors
Authors: Indarte Martin , Puentes Roisin , Maruggi Marco , Ihle Nathan T. , Grandjean Geoffrey , Scott Michael , Ahmed Zamal , Meuillet Emmanuelle J. , Zhang Shuxing , Lemos Robert , Du-Cuny Lei , Layng Fabiana I.A.L. , Correa Ricardo G. , Bankston Laurie A. , Liddington Robert C. , Kirkpatrick Lynn , Powis Garth 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Cnk1 (connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1) is a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain–containing scaffold protein that increases the efficiency of Ras signaling pathways, imparting efficiency and specificity to the response of cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Mutated KRAS (mut-KRAS) is the most common proto-oncogenic event, occurring in approximately 25% of human cancers and has no effective treatment. In this study, we show that selective inhibition of Cnk1 blocks growth and Raf/Mek/Erk, Rho and RalA/B signaling in mut-KRAS lung and colon cancer cells with little effect on wild-type (wt)-KRAS cells. Cnk1 inhibition decreased anchorage-independent mut-KRas cell growth more so than growth on plastic, without the partial "addiction" to mut-KRAS seen on plastic. The PH domain of Cnk1 bound with greater affinity to PtdIns(4,5)P2 than PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, and Cnk1 localized to areas of the plasma membranes rich in PtdIns, suggesting a role for the PH domain in the biological activity of Cnk1. Through molecular modeling and structural modification, we identified a compound PHT-7.3 that bound selectively to the PH domain of Cnk1, preventing plasma membrane colocalization with mut-KRas. PHT-7.3 inhibited mut-KRas, but not wild-type KRas cancer cell and tumor growth and signaling. Thus, the PH domain of Cnk1 is a druggable target whose inhibition selectively blocks mutant KRas activation, making Cnk1 an attractive therapeutic target in patients with mut-KRAS–driven cancer.

Significance:
These findings identify a therapeutic strategy to selectively block oncogenic KRas activity through the PH domain of Cnk1, which reduces its cell membrane binding, decreasing the efficiency of Ras signaling and tumor growth.
Contact-Dependent Killing by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Is Insufficient for EL4 Tumor Regression In Vivo
Authors: Beck Richard J. , Slagter Maarten , Beltman Joost B. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Immunotherapies are an emerging strategy for treatment of solid tumors. Improved understanding of the mechanisms employed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to control tumors will aid in the development of immunotherapies. CTLs can directly kill tumor cells in a contact-dependent manner or may exert indirect effects on tumor cells via secretion of cytokines. Here, we aim to quantify the importance of these mechanisms in murine thymoma EL4/EG7 cells. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) and an ordinary differential equation model of tumor regression after adoptive transfer of a population of CTLs. Models were parameterized based on in vivo measurements of CTL infiltration and killing rates applied to EL4/EG7 tumors and OTI T cells. We quantified whether infiltrating CTLs are capable of controlling tumors through only direct, contact-dependent killing. Both models agreed that the low measured killing rate of CTLs in vivo was insufficient to cause tumor regression. In our ABM, we also simulated CTL production of the cytokine IFNγ in order to explore how an antiproliferative effect of IFNγ might aid CTLs in tumor control. In this model, IFNγ substantially reduced tumor growth compared with direct killing alone. Collectively, these data demonstrate that contact-dependent killing is insufficient for EL4 regression in vivo and highlight the potential importance of cytokine-induced antiproliferative effects in T-cell–mediated tumor control.

Significance:
Computational modeling highlights the importance of cytokine-induced antiproliferative effects in T-cell–mediated control of tumor progression.