bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion and Layering of Labour Regulation
Authors: Marshall Shelley 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Workers in developed economies have not been immune to the dynamics of global trade and economic liberalization that have stranded vulnerable workers in poorer countries. This chapter tracks the informalization of apparel production in Australia throughout the 1980s and 1990s, asking how national and international factors converged to leave a migrant group stranded, without the employment conditions and protections that Australia prided itself on providing to its working population. It then examines the subsequent attempts to re-formalize work by the creation of innovative legislation and ethical initiatives that add levers and regulatory agents. This study is important because Australia’s novel regulation combines market and non-market forms of regulation, with a successful ethical labelling system at the heart of the model.
Democracy, Capitalism, and the Welfare State
Authors: Caldwell Peter C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This book investigates political thought under the conditions of the postwar welfare state, focusing on the Federal Republic of Germany (1949–89). It argues that the welfare state informed and altered basic questions of democracy as those institutions take on broader and more concrete forms after the 1950s. These questions were especially important for West Germany, given its recent experience with the collapse of capitalism, the disintegration of democracy, and National Socialist dictatorship after 1930. Three central issues emerged. First, the development of a nearly all-embracing set of social services and payments recast the problem of how social groups and interests related to the state, as state agencies and affected groups generated their own clientele, their own advocacy groups, and their own expert information. Second, the welfare state blurred the line between state and society that is constitutive of basic rights and the classic world of liberal freedom. Rights became claims on the state, and social groups became integral parts of state administration. Third, the welfare state potentially reshaped the individual citizen, who became wrapped up with mandatory social insurance systems, provisioning of money and services related to social needs, and the regulation of everyday life. This book describes how West German experts sought to make sense of this vast array of state programs, expenditures, and bureaucracies aimed at solving social problems. Coming from politics, economics, law, social policy, sociology, and philosophy, they sought to conceptualize their state, which was now social (one German word for the welfare state is indeed Sozialstaat), and their society, which was permeated by state policies.
Gone Fishing
Authors: Bevan Shaun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Every data-gathering effort is a story, often a horror story from the perspective of those that created it. This chapter presents a historical tale of the creation and logic behind the Comparative Agendas Project (CAP) Master Codebook. The CAP is in reality a network of many projects aimed at classifying political agendas according to the policies they address. However, with no central administration or common source of funding the original coding framework experienced noticeable drift based on the context of each project. To harmonize the data across projects resulted in the creation of a common Master Codebook that was only possible with the support of the CAP community. This chapter further discusses the limitations of the CAP data. Ultimately the master coded CAP data presents a common way of understanding policy attention and provides the framework for more detailed work in and outside the CAP community.
The French Agendas Project
Authors: Grossman Emiliano 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The French Agendas Project was initiated as a way to better connect research on France to comparative research on institutions and public policy. This chapter provides a good overview on the research undertaken over the past decade. It also explains methods and specificities concerning the French datasets. In addition to its original focus on institutions, a large part of the project today concerns research on party pledges and manifestos, as well as media. In particular, much recent research has dealt with issue attention and competition in the French context. CAP has very clearly enabled the comparability of France to other countries to be improved.
The New Zealand Policy Agendas Project
Authors: Evans Rhonda L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Rhonda L. Evans launched the New Zealand Policy Agendas Project (NZPAP) in 2013 with support from the Edward A. Clark Center for Australian and New Zealand Studies that she directs at the University of Texas at Austin. The NZPAP now has a complete dataset of decisions for the New Zealand Supreme Court (2004–15) and Questions for Oral Answer for the 49th Parliament (2008–11). The project has produced one publication (Evans and Fern, 2015) and a series of conference papers. This chapter outlines some features of New Zealand’s political system; what was coded as part of NZPAP; and an example of how the data have been used.
The Portuguese Policy Agendas Project
Authors: Belchior Ana Maria , Borghetto Enrico 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents the Portuguese Agendas Project. It contextualizes the project through a characterization of the Portuguese political system, describes the Project’s datasets, and discusses and illustrates its main specificities. The Portuguese Agendas Project coded policy attention given between 1995 and 2015 to: oral parliamentary questions to the prime minister on the floor, oral parliamentary questions to the ministers on the floor, written parliamentary questions to the cabinet, party pledges in manifestos, prime minister’s speeches, and the media. Each of the Project’s datasets is presented in detail, reporting the data sources, the samples sizes, and the particularities underlying the Portuguese case. Finally, at the end of the chapter, summary descriptive data is presented regarding the analysis of party pledges.
The Europeanization of Parliamentary Attention in and out of the European Union
Authors: Sciarini Pascal , Varone Frédéric , Gava Roy , Brouard Sylvain , Navarro Julien , Palau Anna M. , Vliegenthart Rens 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter adds to the growing literature on the Europeanization of national parliaments by looking at how and to what extent members of parliament (MPs) use parliamentary questions (PQs) on EU-related affairs. Relying on a comparison of three EU member states (France, Spain, and the Netherlands) and Switzerland, we analyze the Europeanization of parliamentary attention from a policy agenda perspective. We formulate expectations regarding variations in the degree of Europeanization across time, countries, and issues, and we test them with descriptive statistics on a rich collection of data covering three decades and including thousands of PQs. Results show that national MPs devote only little attention to EU-related issues, with no increase over time. Issue concentration of PQs is high and has not decreased over time either. Overall, the results tend to underscore the apathy of national MPs on EU matters.
Issue Attention in West European Party Politics
Authors: Green-Pedersen Christoffer 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The CMP dataset has long been used to study of West European party politics. The consequences of the coding scheme on which the CMP dataset is based has received little attention in discussions. With the development of the CAP data, which includes coding of party manifestos, a comparison of the CMP dataset to CAP coding of identical documents is now possible. The level of attention to various policy issues is relatively similar, but with important exceptions. A similar pattern is identified when looking at the correlation between the two measures on similar issues. The exceptions can be traced to differences in the coding systems in terms of the specific categories included and in terms of the theoretical perspectives behind the coding systems. Using the CMP dataset to measure issue attention requires caution. A major limitation is that attention to a number of issues cannot be identified in the CMP dataset.
The Philosophy of Life as the Field of Immanence
Authors: Flood Gavin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The philosophies of life that emphasize life as a plane of immanence, in which there is no outside and no transcendence beyond the world, have expressed a modern non-dualism that is compatible with contemporary developments in neuroscience, social cognition, and evolution. A strong philosophical claim is that the immanence view expresses a truth about life itself, supported by science, against which the history of religions can be measured. A weak claim is that modern articulations of life itself are no more adequate than those of tradition, but the modern view is simply another approximation in expressing the field of immanence. The chapter argues for the weak view.
John the Evangelist
Authors: Behr John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter One explores the figure of John and his Gospel from historical testimony given in the second and third century CE and as treated in contemporary scholarship. The John who wrote the Gospel, the chapter argues, was not the son of Zebedee, one of the twelve apostles, but the disciple of the Lord, the Elder who resided in Ephesus. The first part of this chapter also examines, on the basis of the historical evidence, the occasion for the writing of the Gospel, and argues for the unity of the Johannine corpus (including the Apocalypse). The second part of the chapter turns to the description given by Polycrates of Ephesus that John wore the ‘petalon’ in Jerusalem, that is, that he was the high priest of the temple, which, this chapter argues, refers to the fact that, in the Gospel of John, he alone amongst the disciples stood at the foot of the cross as the body of Jesus was lifted up upon the cross as the true Temple. It was, moreover, as this chapter shows, only the followers of John who had an annual celebration of Pascha, held on 14 Nissan, until the mid to late second century, when others began to celebrate this feast on the following Sunday, leading to the Quartodeciman controversy, the association of Sunday with the Resurrection, and the development of the Tridium, the three-day celebration of the Passion.
‘The Temple of His Body’
Authors: Behr John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter Three opens Part Two of this work, which looks at what it is that is ‘finished’, as Christ affirms with his last word from the Cross in the Gospel of John. This chapter focuses on Christ as the true Temple, erected when his body is lifted up upon the Cross, Building upon the work of Mary Coloe and others, this chapter explores how Christ is presented in the six feasts which structure the narrative of this Gospel, culminating in the Passion and the appearances of the Risen Christ on the first and eighth day. In addition, this chapter also examines the way in which imagery drawn from the Tabernacle and Temple are used to explain Christ’s flesh (John 1:14 and 6), the relationship of this flesh, his glorified body, to the Eucharist and martyrdom, broadening in this way what is meant by ‘incarnation’.
‘Behold the Human Being’
Authors: Behr John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter Four demonstrates how Christ’s word from the Cross, ‘It is Finished’, refers back to the opening verses of Genesis, where, unlike every other aspect of creation, which is brought into existence by an imperative, a divine fiat—‘Let it be!’—the particular project of God is given in the subjunctive, ‘Let us make a human being’: a project only completed when Christ lays down his own life in an act of love, unwitting confirmed by Pilate, ‘behold the human being!’. The first part of the chapter shows how this theme is developed by John over the course of the Gospel, most notably in the ‘woman’ who appears in Cana and at the Cross, and in John 16, where she is in travail until a human being is born into the world. This theme is also traced in the Apocalypse, and in writers following on from John: Ignatius of Antioch writing on his way to martyrdom, Melito of Sardis in his Paschal celebration, and Irenaeus of Lyons as a fundamental feature of his account of the whole economy of God leading, in the end, to the true human being. The second part of this chapter explores how this understanding of the human being informs the enigmatic figure of the Son of Man, as he steps dramatically into view at the beginning of the Gospel and appears frequently thereafter, examining John Ashton’s new proposal for interpreting the Son of Man, as a stage in the composition of the Gospel before the idea of Incarnation came to the fore, but argues instead that the Son of Man is the true human being, uniting heaven and earth, ascending the cross to descend as the flesh he offers to the faithful.
Sovereignty
Authors: Heathcote Gina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 analyses the gendering of state sovereignty, via a focus on legal subjectivity articulated without assertion of traditional male models of personhood. Building on intersectionality and the articulation of plural subjectivities in the previous chapters, chapter 4 contemplates a model of split subjectivity as a useful redescription of how state sovereignty functions within global governance. The chapter considers the importance of gendered experiences and histories of law as informing legal knowledge while rejecting a feminist message centred on woman as subject. The chapter develops the split subject as a relational understanding of legal subjects that incorporates the temporal and territorial implications of inter-, cross-, and regional-state relations and analyses the responsibility to protect and secession via the split subject. The split subject is intended to engage international law at its foundations and to displace the masculine subjects implied in mainstream conceptions of state sovereignty.
An epidemiologic overview of a tertiary referral practice for male paediatric lichen sclerosus
Authors: Hoare Dylan Thomas , Metcalfe Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Within the paediatric population, changing patterns of circumcisions have confounded the epidemiology and presentation of lichen sclerosus (LS). We sought to evaluate the incidence, demographics, and clinical features of patients presenting to a single Albertan paediatric urologist with LS. This retrospective descriptive analysis evaluated all paediatric patients referred for phimosis to a single paediatric urologist in Edmonton, Alberta. Chief complaints/symptoms, date of birth, and date of circumcision were identified. The primary outcome of interest was the proportion of circumcisions with pathologically confirmed LS. From July 2006 to March 2016, 4,163 patients were seen for phimosis of the approximate 12,000 new referrals. Hundred phimosis patients had clinically suspected LS. Of those adequately reported, 81 (81/83) were microscopically confirmed to be LS with a mean age of 9.6 years and median age of 8.9 years (range 4.1 to 16.1 years). This cohort represented 2.0% of phimosis referrals and approximately 0.7% of all referrals to our paediatric urologist. When compared to physiologic phimosis, these patients had higher rates of dysuria (n=28, 34.6% versus n=1, 1.0%, P&lt;0.0001) and urinary retention (n=18, 22.2% versus n=1, 1.0%, P&lt;0.0001) as presenting complaints. LS of the paediatric male genitalia is an uncommon, albeit clinically significant disease entity. The clinical diagnosis for the trained practitioner is very accurate.
Spatial clusters of chronic preventable hospitalizations (ambulatory care sensitive conditions) and access to primary care
Authors: Mazumdar Soumya , Chong Shanley , Arnold Luke , Jalaludin Bin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) or ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) represent hospitalizations that could be successfully managed in a primary care setting. Research from the USA and elsewhere on the role of primary care provider (PCP) access as a PPH driver has been conflicting. We investigated the role of PCP access in the creation of areas with persistently significant high rates of PPHs over time or PPH hotspots/spatial clusters.

Methods
Using a detailed dataset of PCPs and a dataset of 106 334 chronic PPH hospitalizations from South Western Sydney, Australia, we identified hotspots of chronic PPHs. We contrasted how hotspot PPHs were different from other PPHs on a range of factors including PCP access.

Results and conclusions
Six spatially contiguous areas comprising of eight postcodes were identified as hotspots with risks ranging from 1.6 to 2.9. The hotspots were found to be more disadvantaged and had better PCP access than other areas. Socioeconomic disadvantage explained the most variation (8%) in clustering while PCP access explained only a small fraction though using detailed PCP access measures helped. Nevertheless a large proportion of the variation remained unexplained (86.5%) underscoring the importance of individual level behaviours and other factors in driving chronic PPH clustering.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure research impact
Authors: Solans-Domènech Maite , MV Pons Joan , Adam Paula , Grau Josep , Aymerich Marta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Although questionnaires are widely used in research impact assessment, their metric properties are not well known. Our aim is to test the internal consistency and content validity of an instrument designed to measure the perceived impacts of a wide range of research projects. To do so, we designed a questionnaire to be completed by principal investigators in a variety of disciplines (arts and humanities, social sciences, health sciences, and information and communication technologies). The impacts perceived and their associated characteristics were also assessed. This easy-to-use questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency and acceptable content validity. However, its metric properties were more powerful in areas such as knowledge production, capacity building and informing policy and practice, in which the researchers had a degree of control and influence. In general, the research projects represented an stimulus for the production of knowledge and the development of research skills. Behavioural aspects such as engagement with potential users or mission-oriented projects (targeted to practical applications) were associated with higher social benefits. Considering the difficulties in assessing a wide array of research topics, and potential differences in the understanding of the concept of ‘research impact’, an analysis of the context can help to focus on research needs. Analyzing the metric properties of questionnaires can open up new possibilities for validating instruments used to measure research impact. Further to the methodological utility of the current exercise, we see a practical applicability to specific contexts where multiple discipline research impact is requires.
The influence of spectral composition on spring and autumn phenology in trees
Authors: Brelsford Craig C , Nybakken Line , Kotilainen Titta K , Robson T Matthew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeveral recent reviews highlight the molecular mechanisms that underpin phenological responses to temperature and photoperiod; however, these have mostly overlooked the influence of solar radiation and its spectral composition on these processes. For instance, solar radiation in the blue and ultraviolet (UV) regions of the spectrum, as well as the red/far-red (R:FR) ratio, can influence spring and autumn phenology. Solar radiation reaching the Earth changes diurnally and seasonally; however, rising global temperatures, latitudinal range shifts and light pollution are likely to produce novel combinations of phenological cues for tree species. Here, we review the literature on phenological responses to spectral composition. Our objective was to explore the natural variation in spectral composition using radiative transfer models and to reveal any species-specific or ecotype-specific responses relating to latitudinal origin. These responses are likely to be most pronounced at high latitudes where spectral composition varies most throughout the year. For instance, trees from high latitudes tend to be more sensitive to changes in R:FR than those from low latitudes. The effects of blue light and UV radiation on phenology have not been studied as much as those of R:FR, but the limited results available suggest both could be candidate cues affecting autumn leaf colouration and senescence. Failure of more–southern species and ecotypes to adapt and use spectral cues during northwards range shifts could result in mistimed phenology, potentially resulting in frost damage, reduced fitness and limited range expansion. Future areas for research should look to establish how consistently different functional types of tree respond to spectral cues and identify photoreceptor-mediated mechanisms that allow plants to combine information from multiple light cues to coordinate the timing of phenological events. It should then be feasible to consider the synchronous or sequential action of light cues within a hierarchy of environmental factors regulating phenology.
Effects of phloem on canopy dieback, tested with manipulations and a canker pathogen in the Corylus avellana/Anisogramma anomala host/pathogen system
Authors: Lachenbruch B , Zhao Jia-Ping 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Canker pathogens cause necrosis of the phloem, but in many host/pathogen systems, they also cause canopy dieback, which implicates xylem, not phloem dysfunction. We hypothesize that this dieback distal to the canker is caused by water stress resulting from the lack of a phloem-to-xylem connection, which in a healthy plant would allow delivery of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) and water inward to aid in xylem embolism refilling. We tested several components of this hypothesis in the host/pathogen system Corylus avellana L./Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müll (Eastern filbert blight). Cankers were non-girdling and usually ≥0.1 m long. As expected, healthy controls had higher specific conductivity (Ks) than diseased stems, but unexpectedly, had similar moisture content (m.c.), showing that the lower Ks did not result from more embolisms in the diseased stems. Moreover, manipulations that removed cambium and phloem to simulate a canker, or that shaded stems to lower NSCs, did not result in lower Ks or m.c. than controls. The outer millimeter of xylem adjacent to a canker had infrequent tyloses and/or fungal hyphae in many but not all samples, and dye studies showed little xylem water transport in that region, but the incidence of these blockages was insufficient to cause the observed 19% decrease in Ks. Healthy stems had higher m.c. than diseased stems above the canker (or analogous) location and were longer for the same leaf weight, suggestive of water stress in the upper portion of diseased stems. These results suggest that dieback distal to cankers in this system results from the bottleneck in water transport in the region adjacent to a canker, but did not find evidence to support the requirement of a phloem-to-xylem connection for continued water transport.