bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Vertical-Transmission of HIV and Its Correlation with Maternal Gestational Age at Antenatal Booking in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Buseri Fiekumo Igbida , Eze Evelyn Mgbeoma , Golden Ngowari 
Published: March 2019

Background: Pregnancy associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infection poses risk to the fetus due to vertical-transmission. This can be prevented through administration of antiretroviral drugs. Our objective was to investigate the incidence of vertical-transmission of HIV and its correlation with maternal gestational age at antenatal booking with immediate commencement of antiretroviral therapy in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
Methods: All antenatal attendees and their HIV-exposed newborns were screened for HIV-infection between April, 2016 and May, 2017 using qualitative rapid ELISA kits and HIV-DNA PCR technique. The HIV-positive antenatal attendees were placed on daily single-dose triple antiretroviral regimen (efavirenz, lamivudine, tenofovir, 600/300/300mg tablet) with multivitamins from the first day of booking and continued afterward. The HIV-exposed babies were placed on 5ml daily single-dose triple antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis on the first day of delivery and continued until blood collection at 6 weeks for HIV diagnosis. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software (version 17.0) was used for data analysis.
Results: We found 4.34% overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the antenatal attendees and 7.57% incidence of mother-to-child transmission. There was significant difference between gestational age at booking with commencement of ART and the number of HIV-positive babies (χ2=7.113, df=2, P<0.05). There was no vertical transmission among the attendees who booked at first trimester, 35.7% at second trimester and 64.3% at third trimester. There was no statistically significant gender difference (P>0.05) between the number of infected males, 42.9% and females, 57.1%.
Conclusion: High incidence of vertical-transmission of HIV was obtained from those HIV-positive mothers who registered late for antenatal care. Therefore, strong advocacy for early entry into antenatal care is solicited.
Perception of Elderly towards Social Security Allowance in Nepal
Authors: Malakar Indra , Chalise Hom Nath 
Published: March 2019

With the worldwide increase in life expectancy, insecurities in life are increasing generally to old aged people which have never been known before. Universal Old Age Allowance distributed in cash to the elderly 70 years and above is the main social security system provided by Nepal Government to the Nepalese elderly. The main objective of this article is to explore the perception of the elderly on old age allowance in Nepal. This study has used both quantitative and qualitative data for the study purpose. Data for this purpose was gathered from Kirtipur Municipality of Kathmandu district. Total sample was 47 senior citizens receiving Social Security Allowance. For the qualitative purpose few case studies were also included.
Mean age of the respondents was 77.21 (±4.73) years. Age ranged from 70 years to 96 years. 55.3% of the participants were female, 65.9% of the participants were illiterate. This study found Old Age Allowance (OAA) is the main source of income of the elderly and this money is used for multiple purposes: buying daily consuming food and clothes (87.2%), health related expenditure (51.1%), with offspring (14.9%) and travelling (6.4%). This study found 61.7 percentage of the elderly expressed that the old age allowance was insufficient. Further, receiving OAA was not easy as they have to wait for a longer period to receive such benefits in the office, irregularities from government to provide such allowance on time. People who were satisfied from this allowance reported it was an honour from government and they can use this money on their own.
This finding based on sample of small population cannot be generalized to whole population but the issues explored in this study may give some idea how elderly allowance is perceived in Nepal. A detailed in depth study related to OAA is required and government should take some initiative for the better management of OAA with alternative way other than cash which leads to sustainability of the program.
Perampanel-induced, new-onset food aversion in a 29-year-old female with medically refractory frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Marvanova Marketa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Perampanel is a selective, noncompetitive amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptor antagonist indicated for management of partial-onset and primary generalized seizures in epilepsy patients aged ≥12 years.

Patient History
A 29-year-old, white female with significant history of medically refractory frontal lobe epilepsy, status post right frontal and temporal resections, was initiated on perampanel as an add-on therapy to phenytoin extended-release (330 mg/d) and clonazepam (2.5 mg/d). She previously failed several antiepileptic drugs because of inefficacy and/or intolerance. Perampanel was initiated at 2 mg/d and the dose was increased by 2 mg/d increments every 2 to 3 weeks. Following the first dose, nausea and drowsiness were reported but resolved the following day. Three days after titration to 6 mg/d, the patient developed complete food aversion and became more irritable and anxious while no seizure frequency improvement was noted. No change of sense of taste was reported. After reduction to 4 mg/d, adverse effects improved but did not completely resolve until 2 months following perampanel discontinuation.

Review of Literature
A PubMed search revealed no published literature or case reports of perampanel-induced food aversion or anorexia in a presence or absence of phenytoin and clonazepam.

Conclusion
In this report, a temporal relationship was observed between perampanel dose-increase and the development of food aversion. Return to baseline appetite and eating habits following perampanel discontinuation strongly suggest perampanel involvement. At this time, the exact mechanism(s) behind food aversion associated with perampanel is/are unknown.
Human aldehyde oxidase (hAOX1): structure determination of the Moco‐free form of the natural variant G1269R and biophysical studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: Mota Cristiano , Esmaeeli Mariam , Coelho Catarina , Santos‐Silva Teresa , Wolff Martin , Foti Alessandro , Leimkühler Silke , Romão Maria João 
Published: March 2019

Human aldehyde oxidase (hAOX1) is a molybdenum enzyme with high toxicological importance, but its physiological role is still unknown. hAOX1 metabolizes different classes of xenobiotics and is one of the main drug‐metabolizing enzymes in the liver, along with cytochrome P450. hAOX1 oxidizes and inactivates a large number of drug molecules and has been responsible for the failure of several phase I clinical trials. The interindividual variability of drug‐metabolizing enzymes caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is highly relevant in pharmaceutical treatments. In this study, we present the crystal structure of the inactive variant G1269R, revealing the first structure of a molybdenum cofactor (Moco)‐free form of hAOX1. These data allowed to model, for the first time, the flexible Gate 1 that controls access to the active site. Furthermore, we inspected the thermostability of wild‐type hAOX1 and hAOX1 with various SNPs (L438V, R1231H, G1269R or S1271L) by CD spectroscopy and ThermoFAD, revealing that amino acid exchanges close to the Moco site can impact protein stability up to 10 °C. These results correlated with biochemical and structural data and enhance our understanding of hAOX1 and the effect of SNPs in the gene encoding this enzyme in the human population.EnzymesAldehyde oxidase (EC1.2.3.1); xanthine dehydrogenase (EC1.17.1.4); xanthine oxidase (EC1.1.3.2).DatabasesStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession number 6Q6Q.
Geometric and dosimetric impact of anatomical changes for MR‐only radiation therapy for the prostate
Authors: Nejad‐Davarani Siamak P. , Sevak Parag , Moncion Michael , Garbarino Kimberly , Weiss Steffen , Kim Joshua , Schultz Lonni , Elshaikh Mohamed A. , Renisch Steffen , Glide‐Hurst Carri 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeWith the move towards magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a primary treatment planning modality option for men with prostate cancer, it becomes critical to quantify the potential uncertainties introduced for MR‐only planning. This work characterized geometric and dosimetric intra‐fractional changes between the prostate, seminal vesicles (SVs), and organs at risk (OARs) in response to bladder filling conditions.Materials and methodsT2‐weighted and mDixon sequences (3–4 time points/subject, at 1, 1.5 and 3.0 T with totally 34 evaluable time points) were acquired in nine subjects using a fixed bladder filling protocol (bladder void, 20 oz water consumed pre‐imaging, 10 oz mid‐session). Using mDixon images, Magnetic Resonance for Calculating Attenuation (MR‐CAT) synthetic computed tomography (CT) images were generated by classifying voxels as muscle, adipose, spongy, and compact bone and by assignment of bulk Hounsfield Unit values. Organs including the prostate, SVs, bladder, and rectum were delineated on the T2 images at each time point by one physician. The displacement of the prostate and SVs was assessed based on the shift of the center of mass of the delineated organs from the reference state (fullest bladder). Changes in dose plans at different bladder states were assessed based on volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) plans generated for the reference state.ResultsBladder volume reduction of 70 ± 14% from the final to initial time point (relative to the final volume) was observed in the subject population. In the empty bladder condition, the dose delivered to 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) (D95%) reduced significantly for all cases (11.53 ± 6.00%) likely due to anterior shifts of prostate/SVs relative to full bladder conditions. D15% to the bladder increased consistently in all subjects (42.27 ± 40.52%). Changes in D15% to the rectum were patient‐specific, ranging from −23.93% to 22.28% (−0.76 ± 15.30%).ConclusionsVariations in the bladder and rectal volume can significantly dislocate the prostate and OARs, which can negatively impact the dose delivered to these organs. This warrants proper preparation of patients during treatment and imaging sessions, especially when imaging required longer scan times such as MR protocols.
Step Rate and Worsening of Patellofemoral and Tibiofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis in Women and Men: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Hart Harvi F. , Gross K. Douglas , Crossley Kay M. , Barton Christian J. , Felson David T. , Guermazi Ali , Roemer Frank , Segal Neil A. , Lewis Cora E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Stefanik Joshua J. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the association of self‐selected walking step rate with worsening of cartilage damage in the patellofemoral (PF) joint and tibiofemoral (TF) joint compartments at a 2‐year follow‐up visit.MethodsThe Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) is a prospective cohort of men and women with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis. Self‐selected step rate was measured using an instrumented GAITRite walkway (CIR Systems) at the 60‐month visit. Cartilage damage was semiquantitatively graded on magnetic resonance images at the 60‐ and 84‐month visits in the medial and lateral PF and TF compartments. Step rate was divided into quartiles, and logistic regression was used to determine the association of step rate with the risk of worsening cartilage damage in men and women separately. Analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, and knee injury/surgery.ResultsA total of 1,089 participants were included. Mean ± SD age was 66.9 ± 7.5 years, mean ± SD body mass index was 29.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2, and 62.3% of the participants were women. Women with the lowest step rate had increased risk of lateral PF (risk ratio [RR] 2.1 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1–3.8]) and TF (RR 1.8 [95% CI 1.1–2.9]) cartilage damage worsening 2 years later compared to those with the highest step rate. Men with the lowest step rate had increased risk of medial TF cartilage damage worsening 2 years later (RR 2.1 [95% CI 1.1–3.9]).ConclusionLower step rate was associated with increased risk of cartilage damage worsening in the lateral PF and TF compartments in women and worsening medial TF joint damage in men. Future research is necessary to understand the influence of step rate manipulation on joint biomechanics in women and men.
Systematic Review of Recommendations on the Use of Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cancer
Authors: Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , Colmegna Inés , Karpes Matusevich Aliza R. , Qi Susan Ruyu , Zamora Natalia V. , Sharma Robin , Pratt Gregory , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate consensus recommendations regarding management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with cancer.MethodsWe searched electronic databases, guideline registries, and relevant web sites for cancer‐specific recommendations on RA management. Reviewers independently selected and appraised the recommendations according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. We identified similarities and discrepancies among recommendations.ResultsOf 4,077 unique citations, 39 recommendations were identified, of which half described their consensus process. Average scores for the AGREE II domains ranged from 33% to 87%. Cancer risk in RA was addressed in 79% of recommendations, with acknowledgement of increased overall cancer risk. Recommendations did not agree on the safety of using disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in RA patients with cancer, except for the contraindication of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients at risk for lymphoma. Most recommendations agreed that RA treatment should be stopped and re‐evaluated with a new diagnosis of cancer. Recommendations for patients with a history of cancer differed depending on the drug, cancer type, and time since cancer diagnosis. Few recommendations addressed all issues.ConclusionRecommendations for the treatment of RA in patients with cancer often fail to meet expected methodologic criteria. There was agreement on the need for caution when prescribing DMARDs to these patients. However, several areas continue to lack consensus, and given the paucity of evidence, there is an urgent need for research and expert opinion to guide and standardize the management of RA in patients with cancer.
Association Between Weight Loss and Spontaneous Changes in Physical Inactivity in Overweight/Obese Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis: An Eight‐Week Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bartholdy Cecilie , Christensen Robin , Kristensen Lars Erik , Gudbergsen Henrik , Bliddal Henning , Overgaard Anders , Rasmussen Marianne U. , Henriksen Marius 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo describe spontaneous changes in time spent being physically inactive that is measured continuously by accelerometry during an 8‐week weight‐loss intervention in overweight/obese individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThis study was designed as an observational cohort study including individuals from an OA outpatient clinic who were concomitantly overweight/obese and had symptomatic knee OA. Participants completed an 8‐week dietary intervention that had been previously shown to induce substantial weight loss. The main outcome was accelerometer‐based measurement of daily physical inactivity for 24 hours during the 8‐week intervention period that was presented as change in the average daily time spent inactive (sitting, reclined, or sleeping) from 1 week prior to intervention to the last week of the intervention.ResultsA total of 124 participants completed the dietary intervention and had valid accelerometer recordings. The mean weight loss was 12.7 kg (95% confidence interval [95% CI] –13.2, –12.1; P < 0.0001) after 8 weeks, which corresponded to a decrease in body mass index of 4.3 kg/m2 (95% CI –4.5, –4.2; P < 0.0001). Significant improvements in OA symptoms (assessed by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]) was found across all subscales; an improvement of 12.8 points (95% CI 10.6, 15.0; P < 0.0001) was observed for pain using the KOOS. No statistically significant change occurred in the average daily time spent inactive from baseline to follow‐up (mean change 8.8 minutes/day [95% CI –12.1, 29.7]; P = 0.41).ConclusionPhysical inactivity remains stable despite a clinically significant weight loss and improvements in knee OA symptoms. Change in inactivity does not seem to occur spontaneously, suggesting that focused efforts to reduce inactive behaviors are needed.
Qualitative Study of Treatment Preferences for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pharmacotherapy Acceptance: Indigenous Patient Perspectives
Authors: Loyola‐Sanchez Adalberto , Hazlewood Glen , Crowshoe Lynden , Linkert Tessa , Hull Pauline M. , Marshall Deborah , Barnabe Cheryl 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo explore patient preferences that influence decision‐making in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by indigenous patients living in southern Alberta, Canada.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative narrative‐based study within a social constructivist framework. Thirteen in‐depth interviews with indigenous patients with RA who had attended 1 of 3 rheumatology practices in southern Alberta (1 rural and 2 urban) were completed. Codes generated through 2 phases of analysis were condensed into main themes, triangulated, and used to produce theoretical statements.ResultsPatients preferred to use a combination of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments to manage their RA. Nonpharmacologic treatments included physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual strategies. Patients’ preferences for taking medications varied and were influenced by factors that were clinical (i.e., trust in health providers and understanding drugs’ mechanisms of action, benefits, harms, and administration burden), familial (i.e., support), and societal (i.e., access to medications and stigmatization of drug dependency).ConclusionIndigenous patients apply a holistic approach to the nonpharmacologic management of RA. Increases in preferences for RA medications could be supported through enhanced communication strategies to increase patient understanding of medication effects and health provider recognition of societal and familial influences on patient decisions. A patient–provider relationship based on trust was fundamental to reaching mutual understanding and should be fostered by models of practice that promote cultural safety, empathy, compassion, openness, acknowledgment, and respect of cultural differences.
Superoleophilic Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Effective Hydrocarbon Removal from Water
Authors: Sarcletti Marco , Vivod Dustin , Luchs Tobias , Rejek Tobias , Portilla Luis , Müller Lukas , Dietrich Hanno , Hirsch Andreas , Zahn Dirk , Halik Marcus 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVarious hydrocarbons are efficiently extracted from water by using a new sorbent material based on covalently functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The functionalization of the magnetite nanoparticles with a self‐assembled monolayer of hexadecylphosphonic acid renders the nanoparticles oleophilic and the magnetic nature of magnetite allows for simple extraction of the hydrocarbon‐soaked sorbent. The sorbent material is capable of extracting single contaminants such as alkanes and aromatics and complex hydrocarbon mixtures such as crude oils in high extraction rates of up to 14 times the sorbent volume. Experimental results are explained by molecular dynamics simulations on the adsorption of single components from a hydrocarbon‐water mixture to the alkylphosphonic acid layer on the nanoparticles. The core–shell sorbent material is highly stable and therefore, reusable over several successive extraction cycles without degradation. The extraction performance is determined at different water temperatures, different water sources, and different magnetic core materials and evaluated compared to heptadecanoic acid functionalized magnetite. The new sorbent material provides the opportunity for an efficient, reliable, inexpensive, and environmental friendly removal of hydrocarbons from water.
A Low‐Cost and Facile Method for the Preparation of Fe‐N/C‐Based Hybrids with Superior Catalytic Performance toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Yanpei , Wang Nan , Jia Ning , Wang Jing , Sun Jie , Shi Feng , Liu Zong‐Huai , Jiang Ruibin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFe‐N‐doped graphitic carbon materials exhibit high efficiency and durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although iron has relatively low price, the precursors for carbon and nitrogen used in previous studies have relatively high cost. Here reported is the preparation of highly efficient Fe‐N/C‐based ORR electrocatalysts by use of low‐cost urea as the precursors. Fe‐N/C‐based hybrids are prepared through a two‐step pyrolysis. During the first‐step pyrolysis, the precursors convert into g‐C3N4 with Fe located into the sixfold cavities, which ensures the relatively uniform distribution of Fe. The second‐step pyrolysis converts Fe‐g‐C3N4 into Fe‐N/C‐based hybrids which contain multiple types of active components, Fe moieties (FeCxNy or FeNx), Fe and Fe3N nanoparticles, for ORR. The obtained Fe‐N/C‐based hybrids display a superior electrocatalytic performance for ORR with an onset potential of 0.940 V and half‐wave potential of 0.810 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which are comparable to those of Pt/C at the same catalyst loading. The hybrids show higher tolerance to methanol and much greater long‐term stability than commercial Pt/C. The findings provide a cost‐effective approach for the preparation of high efficient and stable electrocatalysts for ORR and will be very helpful to the development of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
Unconventional Inorganic‐Based Memristive Devices for Advanced Intelligent Systems
Authors: Sung Sang Hyun , Kim Do Hyun , Kim Tae Jin , Kang Il‐Suk , Lee Keon Jae 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe latest progresses in software engineering such as cloud computing, big data analysis, and machine learning have accelerated the emergence of advanced intelligent systems (AIS). However, the current computing system has significant challenges in dealing with unstructured data (e.g., image, voice, physiological signals) because the von‐Neumann bottleneck induces latency and power consumption issues. Neuromorphic computing, which imitates the behaviors of neuron and synapse within the biological neural network, is considered a promising solution beyond von‐Neumann architecture, since its collocated structure of processor and memory enables parallel processing of unstructured data with remarkable efficiency. Memristors are considered as next‐generation nonvolatile memory devices due to fast speed, low power, and excellent scalability. However, a low reliability and leakage current issues remain as obstacle to the commercialization of memristors. Memristive devices have been widely investigated as a strong candidate for artificial synapses since their resistance modulation characteristics under electrical stimulus are analogous to the plasticity of the brain synapse. Although emulation of synaptic behavior by single memristor cells is demonstrated by many researchers, the development of fully functional memristive neural network requires further investigations. This paper introduces the recent advances and developments in the field of inorganic‐based unconventional memristive devices for future AIS applications.