bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arylmigration durch sichtbares Licht unter homolytischer C‐N‐Spaltung in Arylaminen
Authors: Alpers Dirk , Cole Kevin P. , Stephenson Corey R. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie photokatalytische Synthese von aminoalkylierten Heteroaromaten aus Halogenalkylamiden gelingt durch die einer Smiles‐Umlagerung konzeptionell analogen 1,4‐Arylmigration von Stickstoff zu Kohlenstoff. Mit dieser neuartigen Methode kann die Substitution von Aminogruppen in Heteroaromaten durch Aminoalkylmotive unter milden, Iridium(III)‐vermittelten Photoredox‐Bedingungen realisiert werden. Sie bietet einen schnellen Zugang zum Thienoazepinon‐Bicyclus, einem Pharmakophor, der in unterschiedlichen Verbindungen mit potentiellen Anwendungen bei der Behandlung von bestimmten Entzündungen und psychischen Krankheiten vorkommt.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereospecific C−H Coupling of Benzamides with Epoxides
Authors: Xu Shibo , Takamatsu Kazutaka , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA Ni(OAc)2‐catalyzed C−H coupling of 8‐aminoquinoline‐derived benzamides with epoxides has been developed. The reaction proceeds with concomitant removal of the 8‐aminoquinoline auxiliary to form the corresponding 3,4‐dihydroisocoumarins directly. Additionally, the nickel catalysis is stereospecific, and the cis‐ and trans‐epoxides are converted into the corresponding cis‐ and trans‐dihydroisocoumarins with retention of configuration, which is complementary to previously reported palladium catalysis. Moreover, while still preliminary, the C
−H functionalization is also achieved in the presence of modified NiCl2 catalysts.
Effects of reaction conditions on catalytic hydroconversion of phenethoxybenzene over bifunctional Ni/Hβ
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Wei Xian‐Yong , Ma Yu‐Miao , Zong Zhi‐Min 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn active Ni/Hβ catalyst was successfully prepared by decomposing nickel carbonyl to dispersed metallic Ni onto Hβ support. Phenethoxybenzene (POB) was used as a lignin model compound to evaluate the catalytic activity. The effects of reaction temperature, initial H2 pressure (IHP), and reaction time on the catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) of POB was studied. The results show that Ni/Hβ effectively catalyzed POB convert to monocyclic cyclanes via direct hydrogenation of benzene ring (BR) in POB, the cleavage of C‐O bridged bond induced by H+ addition, dehydration, and H− abstraction under higher IHPs. Alternatively, the CHC of POB proceeds preferentially via direct cleavage of C–O bridged bond induced by H+ addition, followed by BR hydrogenation, dehydration, and H− abstraction under lower IHP. Bicyclic cyclanes were produced via rearrangement reactions, which proceed more easily either at higher temperatures or under lower IHPs.
Correlation between morphology and electrical breakdown strength of the polypropylene/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/nano‐ZrO2 ternary system
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Cheng Lu , Liu Xiaowei , Liu Chengming , Chi Xiaohong , Li Shengtao 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTA ternary system composed of isotactic polypropylene (PP), maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH), and nano‐ZrO2 was designed. To investigate the influence of each composition, we systematically designed orthogonal tests with 25 samples with various PP‐g‐MAH (0–70 wt %) and nano‐ZrO2 concentrations (0–5 wt %). Microscopic observation showed that the introduction of PP‐g‐MAH could distinctively benefit the dispersion of nanoparticles. This can be understood by chemical bonds between PP‐g‐MAH and the nano‐ZrO2 surface, which was evidenced by infrared spectroscopy. Meanwhile, both the crystalline properties and aggregation structures were improved within this ternary system. Macroscopically, a great enhancement of DC breakdown strength (BDS) as high as 43.3% was achieved when the PP‐g‐MAH concentration was 50 wt % and the nano‐ZrO2 concentration was 0.5 wt %. Moreover, the effects of PP‐g‐MAH and nano‐ZrO2 were revealed respectively. The increase of nano‐ZrO2 content could cause the first increase and then decrease of BDS. The influence of PP‐g‐MAH on breakdown strength was obviously shown by the analysis of variance, and the rising PP‐g‐MAH concentration could lead to the nano‐ZrO2 content with the highest BDS shifted to higher loading, indicating that the modified dispersion of nanoparticles played the dominant role in the breakdown performance improvement. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46842.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of the Cobalt (III) Complex with N,N‐Diethyl‐4‐(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin‐4′‐yl)aniline
Authors: Zou Bi‐Qun , Wang Shu‐Long , Qin Qi‐Pin , Bai Yu‐Xia , Tan Ming‐Xiong 
Published: July 2018

A cobalt(III) complex, [Co(L)2](ClO4)3 (1), in which the ligand L was N,N‐diethyl‐4‐(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin‐4′‐yl)aniline (L), was synthesized and fully characterized. This new cobalt(III) complex 1 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against HeLa, T‐24, A549, MGC80‐3, HepG2, and SK‐OV‐3 cells with IC50 values in the micromolar range (0.52 – 4.33 μm), and it exhibited low cytotoxicity against normal HL‐7702 cells. The complex 1 was the most potent against the T‐24 cells. It was found that 1 could cause the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, and it exerted its antitumor activity mainly via disruption of mitochondrial function.
Peptide‐Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates as Sequential Cascade Catalysts
Authors: Mikolajczak Dorian J. , Koksch Beate 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCombining bio‐ and chemocatalysis in one pot is a challenging task due to the necessity to ensure compatible reaction conditions, as well as reagent tolerance, for the catalytic components. Here we present a peptide‐gold nanoparticle conjugate that combines esterase (biocatalysis) and hydrogenation (chemocatalysis) activities under the same set of aqueous reaction conditions. The self‐assembled peptide‐monolayer acts as an esterase mimic and shows positive cooperativity in substrate binding, an important feature used by nature to regulate catalytic activities of enzymes. The gold nanoparticle surface catalyzes the reduction of a nitro‐containing substrate to an amine product. This study opens up a new avenue in the design of peptide‐metal nanoparticle catalysts with enzyme‐like properties for efficient one‐pot reactions.
Phosphenium‐Cation‐Mediated Formal Cycloaddition Approach to Benzophospholes
Authors: Nishimura Kazutoshi , Unoh Yuto , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA phosphenium‐cation‐mediated formal [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction of internal alkynes is reported. The reaction proceeds under metal‐free conditions to give the corresponding C−P rearranged benzophospholes regioselectively, even when ortho‐ and para‐substituted arylphosphine oxides are starting substrates. Mechanistic studies by 31P{1H} NMR analysis suggest an involvement of three‐membered phosphirenium cation species and C−P rearrangement prior to a ring closure for benzophosphole skeleton formation.
Single‐Cell, Time‐Lapse Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in E. coli
Authors: Yang Zhilin , Choi Heejun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDetection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria has been limited to bulk biochemical assays. Although they are powerful and quantitative tools to understand the overall production of ROS in E. coli, such assays provide limited spatial and temporal information when correlating cellular phenotype with perturbations such as antibiotics or other treatments. We have developed single‐cell, time‐lapse assays to detect ROS in live E. coli. The assays utilize flow systems on a fluorescence microscope to correlate symptoms aroused from biological or chemical perturbations with the in situ detection of ROS. ROS is detected by fluorogenic dyes that accumulate inside the cell, allowing detection of ROS in single cells in both homogeneous and heterogeneous samples using CellROX Green and Amplex® Red/APEX2. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Establishing an Organotypic System for Investigating Multimodal Neural Repair Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells
Authors: Thakor Devang K. , Wang Lei , Benedict Darcy , Kabatas Serdar , Zafonte Ross D. , Teng Yang D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stromal stem cells (hMSCs) hold regenerative medicine potential due to their availability, in vitro expansion readiness, and autologous feasibility. For neural repair, hMSCs show translational value in research on stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and traumatic brain injury. It is pivotal to establish multimodal in vitro systems to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying neural actions of hMSCs. Here, we describe a platform protocol on how to set up organotypic co‐cultures of hMSCs (alone or polymer‐scaffolded) with explanted adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) to determine neural injury and recovery events for designing implants to counteract neurotrauma sequelae. We emphasize in vitro hMSC propagation, polymer scaffolding, hMSC stemness maintenance, hMSC‐DRG interaction profiling, and analytical formulas of neuroinflammation, trophic factor expression, DRG neurite outgrowth and tropic tracking, and in vivo verification of tailored implants in rodent models of SCI. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analytical solutions for high efficiency maximum power point tracking boost converters
Authors: Ashraf Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper presents analytical solutions for high efficiency maximum power point tracking boost converters. Employing analytical approach, it is shown that insertion of a capacitor in parallel with the input voltage source successfully increases the efficiency. Besides, the optimum value for this capacitor is derived. Also, it is proved that the maximum power point of such a boost converter is independent of the input voltage source. In order to evaluate this analytical approach, a typical boost converter is designed in a 180‐nm CMOS technology using Hspice. Based on the simulation results, it is shown that all of the input available power can be stored in the inductor. This proves that, with the aid of the proposed approach, maximum power point tracking can be done by >99% accuracy. Also, the boost converter efficiency is as high as 84% which shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Development of micro‐inclined well array for trapping single cells
Authors: Tsukamoto Takuya , Furuya Naoki , Shimagami Takuya , Sato Rui , Shimokawa Fusao , Akimitsu Kazuya , Suzuki Takaaki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigated the shape of a well to trap single cells for the purpose of improving the cell trapping rate after cell seeding and liquid exchange in a cell microarray. The wells having vertical and inclined tapered side‐wall were made using three‐dimensional UV photolithography. Changes in cell trapping rate by the shape of the wells were evaluated by trapping tests with fluorescent microbeads and living cells. As a result of trapping test with living cells, bead residual rate of the microarray with inclined tapered wells is up to 2.9 times higher than that with vertical wells.
Early effector maturation of naïve human CD8+ T cells requires mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Fischer Marco , Bantug Glenn R. , Dimeloe Sarah , Gubser Patrick M. , Burgener Anne‐Valérie , Grählert Jasmin , Balmer Maria L. , Develioglu Leyla , Steiner Rebekah , Unterstab Gunhild , Sauder Ursula , Hoenger Gideon , Hess Christoph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe role of mitochondrial biogenesis during naïve to effector differentiation of CD8+ T cells remains ill explored. In this study, we describe a critical role for early mitochondrial biogenesis in supporting cytokine production of nascent activated human naïve CD8+ T cells. Specifically, we found that prior to the first round of cell division activated naïve CD8+ T cells rapidly increase mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, which were all inter‐linked and important for CD8+ T cell effector maturation. Inhibition of early mitochondrial biogenesis diminished mROS dependent IL‐2 production – as well as subsequent IL‐2 dependent TNF, IFN‐γ, perforin, and granzyme B production. Together, these findings point to the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis during early effector maturation of CD8+ T cells.
Storage Stability of β‐Carotene in Model Beverage Emulsions: Implication of Interfacial Thickness
Authors: Song Ha Youn , Moon Tae Wha , Choi Seung Jun 
Published: July 2018

In order to evaluate the implications of the interfacial thickness of emulsions on the stability of encapsulated β‐carotene, emulsions are prepared using polyethyleneglycol alkyl ether emulsifiers having various numbers of oxyethylene groups. At pH 3, β‐carotene in emulsions having a thinner interfacial membrane formed with emulsifiers having less oxyethylene groups [0.050 day−1 of degradation rate constant (k)] slowly decompose, compared with ones stabilized with emulsifiers containing more oxyethylene groups (0.068 day−1 of k). At pH 3, iron molecules promote the degradation of β‐carotene. Ferrous iron‐mediated β‐carotene degradation is faster in emulsions with a thicker interfacial membrane (0.113 and 0.165 day−1 of k for emulsions stabilized with emulsifiers having the smallest and largest number of oxyethylene groups). Interfacial denseness is not an important determinant in β‐carotene degradation (p > 0.05) when emulsions are stabilized by emulsifiers having the similar number of oxyethylene groups. Conclusively, the interfacial denseness and thickness of emulsions are important factors for inhibiting β‐carotene degradation in emulsions.Practical Applications: β‐carotene stability in emulsions is greatly influenced by their interfacial characteristics, depending on what is responsible for the β‐carotene degradation. Therefore, when designing the emulsion‐formed delivery systems it would be important to engineer the interfacial membrane of emulsion droplets to improve β‐carotene stability therein.Interfacial thickness which is attributed by the hydrophilic group size (or length) of emulsifiers used is an important determinant in the chemical stability of β‐carotene encapsulated into emulsions but sometimes it is not.
A closer look at Verogen's Forenseq™ DNA Signature Prep kit autosomal and Y‐STR data for streamlined analysis of routine reference samples
Authors: Moreno Lilliana I. , Galusha Michelle B. , Just Rebecca 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMassively parallel sequencing (MPS) provides forensic DNA laboratories an option to overcome the limitations associated with CE and current STR assays. Verogen's MPS ForenseqTM DNA Signature kit concomitantly amplifies 27 autosomal, 7 X‐, and 24 Y‐STRs. In addition, 94 identity, 56 ancestry, and 22 phenotypic‐informative SNPs are included for a total of over 200 markers in one multiplex. An internal validation of this platform was conducted using reference samples to investigate whether the Forenseq™ DNA Signature Prep kit, specifically primer panel B, has the capability to provide consistent and accurate typing/sequencing data. The data presented in this report is limited to that corresponding to autosomal and Y‐STRs. Results suggest that the system can consistently generate accurate genotyping data when up to 40 high‐quality, high‐quantity (i.e. 1 ng) single source samples are pooled into a sequencing reaction. The results generated were used to determine appropriate analysis parameters and thresholds for streamlined data interpretation of reference samples.
The effects of industrial energy consumption on energy‐related carbon emissions at national and provincial levels in China
Authors: Lu Lanlan , Zhou Li , Zhang Hongyu , Weng Yuyan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChina has been making efforts for accelerating energy conservation in industry for many years. Logarithmic mean divisia index approach was used to analyze the effects of industrial energy consumption on energy‐related carbon emissions. Energy‐related CO2 emissions at national and provincial levels from 2005 to 2013 were calculated and CO2 emissions from net import electricity were considered. Carbon emissions were then decomposed according to several factors, including CO2 emissions per unit of energy consumption, proportion of industrial energy consumption in total energy consumption, energy consumption per unit of industrial added value, industrial proportion, GDP per capita, and proportion of provincial population. The results showed that GDP per capita was the main factor influencing the increase in CO2 emissions. The sharp decrease in energy consumption per unit in industrial added value played a critical role in emissions mitigation and could be the focus in controlling emissions in the future. It is worthwhile to note that variations were observed among provinces. Key influencing factors of provinces could be different from each other. Differentiated measurements of energy conservation and emissions reduction should be formulated and implemented according to the distinctive development characteristics in the future.
Utilizing a 5G spectrum for health care to detect the tremors and breathing activity for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Haider Daniyal , Ren Aifeng , Fan Dou , Zhao Nan , Yang Xiaodong , Tanoli Shujaat Ali Khan , Zhang Zhiya , Hu Fangming , Shah Syed Aziz , Abbasi Qammer H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUtilizing fifth‐generation (5G) sensing in the health care sector with increased capacity and massive spectrum range increases the quality of health care monitoring systems. In this paper, 5G C‐band sensing operating at 4.8 GHz is used to monitor a particular body motion of multiple sclerosis patients, especially the tremors and breathing patterns. The breathing pattern obtained using 5G C‐band technology is compared with the invasive breathing sensor to monitor the subtle chest movements caused due to respiration. The 5G C‐band has a huge spectrum from 1 to 100 GHz, which enhances the capacity and performance of wireless communication by increasing the data rate from 20 Gb/s to 1 Tb/s. The system captures and monitors the wireless channel information of different body motions and efficiently identifies the tremors experienced since each body motion induces a unique imprint that is used for a particular purpose. Different machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbors, and random forest are used to classify the wireless channel information data obtained for various human activities. The values obtained using different machine learning algorithms for various performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, Kappa, and F‐measure indicate that the proposed method can efficiently identify the particular conditions experienced by multiple sclerosis patients.
Modeling relatedness and demography in social evolution
Authors: Cooper Guy A. , Levin Samuel R. , Wild Geoff , West Stuart A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith any theoretical model, the modeler must decide what kinds of detail to include and which simplifying assumptions to make. It could be assumed that models that include more detail are better, or more correct. However, no model is a perfect description of reality and the relative advantage of different levels of detail depends on the model's empirical purpose. We consider the specific case of how relatedness is modeled in the field of social evolution. Different types of model either leave relatedness as an independent parameter (open models), or include detail for how demography and life cycle determine relatedness (closed models). We exploit the social evolution literature, especially work on the evolution of cooperation, to analyze how useful these different approaches have been in explaining the natural world. We find that each approach has been successful in different areas of research, and that more demographic detail is not always the most empirically useful strategy.
Do mergers and acquisitions announcements create value for acquirer shareholders in Africa
Authors: Amewu Godfred , Alagidede Paul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study provides evidence of positive abnormal returns earned by shareholders of acquirers upon merger and acquisition (M&A) announcements on African markets. We observed significant cumulative abnormal returns for wider windows up to 25 days before and after M&A announcements. Confidentiality about pending merger announcements is poorly held, resulting in significant information leakage occurring up to six trading days. Further, we establish that firm industry, mode of payment, and nature of acquisition significantly influence abnormal returns. Finally, the paper found strong positive effect of firm‐specific factors (firm size and return on equity) on investor's investment decisions following a merger announcement.
Electromyostimulation to fight atrophy and to build muscle: facts and numbers
Authors: Adams Volker 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn recent years, electrical myostimulation (EMS) is becoming more and more popular to increase muscle function and muscle weight. Especially it is applied in healthy individual after injury to rebuild muscle mass and in severely atrophic patients who are not able or willing to perform conventional exercise training programs. Studies in experimental models as well as in human subjects confirmed that EMS can increase muscle mass by around 1% and improve muscle function by around 10–15% after 5–6 weeks of treatment. Despite a severe increase in circulating creatine kinase during the first session, EMS can be regarded as a safe therapeutic intervention. At the molecular level, EMS improves the anabolic/catabolic balance and stimulates the regenerative capacity of satellite cells. EMS intensity should be as high as individually tolerated, and a minimum of three sessions per week [large pulses (between 300–450 μs), high frequency (50–100 Hz in young and around 30 Hz in older individuals)] for at least 5–6 weeks should be performed. EMS improved functional performances more effectively than voluntary training and counteracted fast type muscle fibre atrophy, typically associated with sarcopenia. The effect of superimposing EMS on conventional exercise training to achieve more muscle mass and better function is still discussed controversially. Nevertheless, EMS should not be regarded as a replacement of exercise training per se, since the beneficial effect of exercise training is not just relying on building muscle mass but it also exerts positive effects on endothelial, myocardial, and cognitive function.
Anodic oxidation for the remediation of soils polluted with perchloroethylene
Authors: Muñoz‐Morales Martin , Sáez Cristina , Cañizares Pablo , Rodrigo Manuel Andrés 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work focuses on the removal of perchloroethylene (PCE) from soils spiked with this hazardous chlorinated hydrocarbon and oil by a combination of two technologies: soil washing and anodic oxidation with diamond electrodes. The first attains the transfer of the pollutant from the soil to a soil washing fluid (SWF), from which the organics are then efficiently removed.RESULTSResults show that high concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) are required in the SWF for an efficient extraction of the chlorinated hydrocarbon and electrolysis has to be applied not only to the clarified liquid, but also to the interphase. The surfactant used interacts strongly with soil not only during the washing, but also during the electrolysis step. This interaction seems to play a protective role against the oxidation of SDS. The initial phase of the electrolysis is rather complex and there are several processes which modify the results importantly.CONCLUSIONSRemoval of PCE by electrolysis from soil is less efficient than its removal from synthetic solutions of this chlorinated pollutant. There are two first‐order kinetic zones, which indicate an important competition for the oxidation of the different organics contained in the SWF during the electrolysis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry