bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History and the Hebrew Bible: Culture, Narrative, and Memory
Authors: Wilson Ian D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis essay offers an introduction to select disciplinary developments in the study of history and in historical study of the Hebrew Bible. It focuses first and foremost on “cultural history,” a broad category defined by nineteenth- and twentieth-century developments in anthropology and sociology, literary theory and linguistics, and other fields of study. The first part of the essay comments on developments since the so-called “linguistic turn,” highlighting some key works on culture, narrative, and memory, in order to establish a contemporary historical approach to biblical studies. It then turns to questions of the Hebrew Bible’s usefulness for historical study, and highlights studies of King David and the Davidic polity in ancient Israel/Judah, to show how scholars of the Bible have done historical work in recent years. And finally, it provides a case study of the book of Joshua, demonstrating how historians can utilize biblical texts as sources for cultural history.
Conflicting Values, Ubuntu Philosophy and Peace Building: An African Experience
Authors: Ujomu Philip Ogo , Bature Anthony I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper studies conflict of values as triggers for social disorder. Specifically, we review the condition of negative dominant social paradigm (DSP) leading to value clashes. Value clashes are conflicts that arise from collision of ways of life, (ethnic, political, religious, etc.) thought systems and diverse uses of nature and sharing of resources. This shortfall is easily seen in egoism, corruption, disregard for the rule of law, inability to secure core human values in the social system. Using a local case study, we notice that such value disruptive tendencies pose a threat to Nigeria’s citizens, government, institutions and democracy, due to the rise of, violent conflicts and degradation of the value of human life ultimately leading to terrorism and other life-threatening challenges. It is suggested that such value clashes or clashes of values can be mitigated by a push for the sustenance of social order using some principles. The philosophical notion or principle of Ubuntu recommends the interdependence of human beings and the urgent need for a humane, compassionate and dignified approach to social living using basic democratic and moral values to deepen and widen the concept of peace and peace building.
Identifying the Country of Meilugudun and the Significant Value of Zhou Qufei’s Lingwai daida
Authors: Almonte Victoria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
During the last century, considerable interest arose regarding Chinese knowledge of western territories, with a long list of works being published on the topic. Joseph Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China (1959) states that Arab thinking had clearly influenced the Chinese conception of geography over the centuries. Zhang Xinglang analyses the relationship between the Chinese empire and countries overseas, focusing on Islamic countries and particularly those in the north of Africa. Feng Chengjun’s western territories toponyms and Gudai nanhai diming huishi have provided two powerful and even fundamental tools for the research presented here. The first gathers together a large collection of toponyms from various literary works; these are written in western language with their relative transcription or translation in Chinese. The second, the Gudai nanhai diming huishi, is divided in two volumes analysing many Chinese toponyms and their use in several geographical works.
Li Qingxin’s Haishang Sichou zhilu, focuses on the development of the Maritime Silk Road and its economic-political consequences for China’s empire. Gabriele Foccardi’s research focuses instead on the motives for Chinese travellers and their expeditions, highlighting the historical and social differences between the different dynasties. Friedrich Hirth and William Rockhill provide a crucial literary resource with their translation of Zhao Rukuo’s work, Zhufanzhi (1966), as does J.V.G. Mills with his annotated translation of Ma Huan’s Yingya shenglan, a journey work of the fifteenth century. Yang Wuquan’s research into Zhou Qufei’s work, published in 1999, identifies several toponyms used by Zhou and compares several foreign geographical works.
Zhou Qufei and Zhao Rukuo were both imperial officials during the Southern Song dynasty. They spent many years in the border territories of China: Zhou Qufei in Qinzhou, Guangxi province, and Zhao Rukuo in Quanzhou, Fujian province. Their works mention several toponyms never used before in Chinese texts: ‘Meilugudun’, or ‘Meilugu’ (as written by Zhao Rukuo), is one of these. The identification of this toponym has not been determined until now. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine which kingdom was identified with the ‘Meilugudun’ toponym during the Song Dynasty. Two different questions are here discussed and resolved. First, can the land of Meilugudun be identified with the city of Merv in Turkmenistan? Second, do Zhou’s ‘Meilugudun’ and Zhao’s ‘Meilugu’ both stand for the same place?
This paper can be divided into four sections. The first section focuses on Zhou Qufei, the second on Zhao Rukuo. The third analyses and compares previous scholars’ studies. The fourth proposes the new identification of the Meilugudun kingdom.
Chinese Writings on Tea
Authors: Zanini Livio 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The present article deals with the historical evolution and the current state of the classification and compilation of Chinese writings on tea. The Chajing (Tea Classic) by Lu Yu was the first essay entirely dedicated to tea, inspiring the composition of other writings on this subject. In the bibliographical catalogues of the Tang and Song dynasties, texts on tea were classified under different categories. Tea literature was recognized as an individual genre in 1612 with the publication of the first dedicated collectanea, entitled Chashu (Writings on Tea). During the Qing period there was no other comparable compilation of texts of this kind. In the twentieth century the term chashu was adopted by various scholars and compilers as a general label for tea literature. Nevertheless, there is at present neither a unique nor unequivocal term to denote tea literature, nor is there common acceptance of the scope and typologies of the texts that form this literary genre.
走出閨房，回歸家庭
Authors:   苑星
Published: June 2019

摘要
清代閨秀並非始終身處閨房，而是在空間上已突破“內”的範疇，旅行至外界。本文選取李因（1610–1685）、王貞儀（1768–1797）、曾懿（1852–1927）、單士厘（1863–1945）四位生活於清代不同時段的閨秀，研究其旅行及寫作。她們的行跡越來越廣遠，走出去的意識越來越強。其寫作延續山水遊記詩的傳統外，出現了諸多新元素，如記錄邊疆風物，宣揚女學思想，表達國民意識，介紹西方文明等。但旅行之後，她們又都以不同的方式回歸了家庭，在女學思想上，都恪守“女內”的身份定位與順隨的婦德，其出遊的目的是更好地回歸家庭履行相夫教子的“婦女天職”。
Some Preliminary Observations on Chen Jian’s Thought Regarding Statecraft in Huangming Tongji
Authors: Chng Xing Liang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper attempts to examine the writing style, writing purpose, and philosophy of Chen Jian 陳建’s Huangming tongji 皇明通紀 (Comprehensive Annals of the Imperial Ming, HMTJ).* The paper has two main sections. The first points out that although this book imitates the Zizhi tongjian 資治通鑑 (Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government), it differs from that book’s top-down approach to positive governance. The second section inquires into the ultimate purpose of HMTJ and into the reasons behind the order of publication of Chen’s three books. HMTJ had an extremely enlightening role in arousing the contemporary layperson’s awareness of current affairs, and this role added the basis of public opinion to further consolidate Chen’s complete statecraft thought.
Autobiography and Symbolic Capital in Late Imperial China
Authors: Pattinson David 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay explores the use of autobiography to enhance symbolic capital in seventeenth-century China as exemplified by the chronological autobiography of the writer and geomancer Peng Shiwang 彭士望 (1610–1683). Peng was one of the Nine Masters of Changes Hall, a group of Ming loyalist scholars based in Ningdu in south-eastern Jiangxi province who gained a reputation among the cultural elite of the early Qing dynasty. Peng was not a major figure in the Ming–Qing transition period, and his own active participation in the Ming resistance to the Qing conquest was slight. Nevertheless, the economic effects of the Qing conquest, and his decision not to seek employment under the new dynasty, left him and his family in a financially and socially precarious position. When, in 1666, Peng published his collected poetry, he prefaced it with a chronological autobiography remarkable for devoting about half its space to the names of people he met during his peripatetic life. These names include a significant number of loyalists, even though Peng cannot have known some of the more famous ones very well. This essay argues that, through his autobiography, Peng sought to leverage his loyalist connections to create a form of symbolic capital which could be used to shore up his status among the educated elite of his time by increasing sales and circulation of his works and by expanding the social network he could draw upon for work as a geomancer or teacher, or for other support on his travels.
The Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet: History, Myth, and Development
Authors: Yue Isaac 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In* terms of grandeur and extravagance, modern Chinese society tends to think of the Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet 滿漢全席 as the pinnacle of China’s culinary heritage. Its allure is best illustrated by what happened in 1977, when the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) commissioned a Hong Kong restaurant named Kwok Bun 國賓酒樓 to recreate the banquet according to its “original” recipes. The preparation took over three months, involved more than one hundred and sixty chefs, and resulted in a meal that featured more than one hundred dishes.1 Since then, there has been no shortage of efforts made by different individuals, restaurants, and organizations to follow suit and recreate the Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet in a contemporary setting. These different endeavours commonly claim that they follow the most authentic recipes. Little did they realise that there is no such thing as an authentic recipe. In fact, historians cannot even agree on which era saw the banquet begin, though the leading candidates all date to the Qing dynasty (1644–1911); these are the reign of the Emperor Kangxi (r. 1661–1722), the reign of the Emperor Qianlong (r. 1735–1796), and the dynasty’s last decades.
This paper examines the accuracy of these claims by analyzing a sample menu for the Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet recorded during Qianlong’s reign. This menu contains crucial information about the feast’s formative stages, information that has not yet been properly addressed by academics researching this topic. By drawing attention to the traditional dietary customs of ethnic Manchus and Han Chinese, understood in the context of contemporaneous Chinese gastronomy (to supplement the menu’s lack of contextual information), this paper provides a better understanding of the Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet and of Chinese gastronomy in general, in terms of their history, development, and cultural significance.
The Portrait and Its Doubles: Nāṣir ʿAlī Sirhindī, Mīrzā Bīdil and the Comparative Semiotics of Portraiture in Late Seventeenth-Century Indo-Persian Literature
Authors: Pellò Stefano 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on two late 17th century Indo-Persian stories dealing with “living” portraits: a couplet-poem by Nāṣir ʿAlī Sirhindī and a chapter of Mīrzā ‘Abd al-Qādir Bīdil’s autobiography. I investigate these narratives looking at the creative interactions between the codified models for talking about portraits as they are provided in the pre-Mughal Persian literary tradition, and the “newness” of 17th-century Indo-Persian intellectual space, in a cosmopolitan perspective. Accordingly, I explore how the literary dymension reacted to the notion of the visual reproduction in an epoch of social hyper-exposure of portrait painting, and how the conceptual atmosphere regarding visuality interacted with it. In this perspective, my reading will emphasize the expediency of a comparative approach looking, at least preliminarily, at the complex interactions with the Indic textual domain as well as the overlappings with the Latinate one.
Legitimacy Through Female Lineage? The Role of In-Laws (aṣhār) in the Royal Mamluk Households of the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Fuess Albrecht 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Presently, the role of in-law relationships in the Middle Eastern historical context has been understudied, even as it is known that high officials could bolster their political prestige and claim to power by marrying or being married to a royal princess. This is especially true in the Mamluk context of the fifteenth century, when it became impossible for sons of reigning sultans to succeed their fathers. These sons were only allowed to ascend the throne for short periods as mere placeholders, as the effective successors who replaced their fathers were usually drawn from among the membership of the inner circle of the Mamluk military elite. Their marker of identity was that they had been imported as young slave boys from regions to the north of the Black Sea or the Caucasian region. Because there were no direct dynastic ties present, a new Mamluk sultan would create a family bond to the old sultan and bolster his legitimacy by becoming his in-law. The following article will therefore look at the process of becoming an in-law at the Mamluk court and the possible consequences of a royal wedding in terms of transmission of legitimacy.
Iranian Cities: Settlements and Water Management from Antiquity to the Islamic Period
Authors: Rante Rocco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article attempts a long-term perspective on cities and water from Late Antiquity to the early Islamic centuries (until ca. 1000 CE). It focuses on the question of how cities and their agricultural hinterland were supplied with water. The topography of the site, its geomorphological features, are shown to influence both the setup and subsequent history of the cities. The article uses two sets of examples, one chosen from the Iranian plateau where qanāt irrigation predominates, and the other one from Persianate Central Asia (Transoxiana), where water is derived from larger and medium-sized rivers. The type of irrigation influences the ways in which the city grows, and more generally, the layout of the city is also determined by the water supply. Cities tend to grow towards the source of water, and it can also be observed that in many cases, the political and administrative centre is located where the best water is available. One of the major questions is whether imperial will was behind the construction of irrigation systems or whether local players such as landlords were the decisive factor.The article combines archaeological research and the study of textual sources but is mostly based on recent archaeological fieldwork.
Among Saints and Poets: The Spiritual Topography of Medieval Shiraz
Authors: Aigle Denise 
Published: June 2019

AbstractShiraz is distinguished from other cities due to its reputation as the city of saints and poets, as previously emphasised in the title of Arberry’s book of 1960: “Shiraz, Persian City of Saints and Poets”. In textual sources, the city is the “Fortress of saints” (burj al-awliyā’). Shiraz owes its sanctity to the many mausoleums dedicated to the descendants of ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (and Šāh-i Čirāġ), as well as famous mystics such as Šayḫ Kabīr (d. 371/982) and Rūzbihān Baqlī (d. 606/1209). The poets Sa‘dī (d. 691/1292) and Ḥāfiẓ (d. 792/1390) celebrated Shiraz as the city of roses and nightingales. Their sanctuaries, which still the object of pious visits, accentuate the “capital” of city’s sacrality.After reconstructing the urban space in which the sacred buildings are located, the purpose of this paper is to show how the specific sanctity of the city emerged from the textual sources. Two major texts addressing the sanctity of Shiraz date from the eighth/fourteenth century. In the Šīrāz-nāma (completed in 744/1343), Ibn Zarkūb unfolds the history of the city and speaks of its merits. In Šadd al-īzār (ca. 791/1389), a guide for pilgrimage to Shiraz’s seven cemeteries, Junayd Šīrāzī describes the ritual geography of the city. He notes the places where the Shirazis are buried, thus establishing the symbolic presence of the deceased among the living. Alid shrines in particular thus contributed to the “capitalisation of the sacred” in Shiraz.
Medieval Kashan: Crossroads of Commerce and Culture
Authors: Amanat Mehrdad , Mottahedeh Roy P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis essay first attempts to explain why the Iranian city of Kashan is where it is and then how it came to grow.Extensive use of irrigation allowed an adequate and perhaps abundant agriculture in the surrounding region. The arrival of substantial numbers of Arab immigrants in Kashan in the early Islamic period played an important role in the city’s development and its continuation as a center of Shiʿism. A strong educational tradition produced many talented Kashani officials, who served in the Saljuq and later administrations and sent some of their wealth back to Kashan.It was also in the Saljuq period that Kashan gained a reputation for its production of luxury ceramics. Artisanal traditions were passed from generation to generation and contributed to exports of brass, and especially of textiles, which continued for centuries. Wealthy Kashanis (probably including a fair number of sayyids) invested heavily in charitable endowments, which served the poor and furthered learning in general. In the Timurid period, investments in mathematical education produced several outstanding mathematicians and astronomers. Tax yields from the medieval period may indicate the increasing prosperity of Kashan.
The History of Iranian Cities through their Books: What Ms. Köprülü 01589 Tells Us about 8th/14th Century Shiraz
Authors: Savant Sarah Bowen , Montazer Mahdi Majid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhat can the history of books tell us about Iranian cities and their histories? This article introduces the manuscript of a multi-text compilation (majmūʿa) for the purpose of illustrating its potential usefulness as a source for studying the social and cultural history of Shiraz in the turbulent period that followed the collapse of Mongol rule in the area. We specifically seek to show that Köprülü 01589, now housed in Istanbul, helps us to see how books were produced and consumed, and provides insight into the operations of a busy workshop for copying texts. Despite the rarity and historical significance of several of the pieces that it contains, the availability of images of the manuscript for some time in Istanbul and Iran, and attention to it in catalogues, it has not received scholarly attention as a whole.1 Although this article is only a preliminary study of a single manuscript, we believe it is important for the current volume in showing what manuscripts can reveal of the social world that produced them, the networks of people and ideas that animated city life, and the cultural resources of specific times and places. Furthermore, our approach to Köprülü 01589 can be expanded and applied to other manuscripts originating in Shiraz and other cities.
The Legal Principle of Reciprocity and China’s Water Treaty Practice
Authors: Devlaeminck David J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe legal principle of reciprocity plays a strong role in the law of international watercourses in both bilateral and multilateral contexts. China, primarily an upstream state, shares transboundary rivers with 14 neighbouring states. These shared rivers are governed by a variety of treaties and soft law documents, with China preferring to take a bilateral approach. Building on previous research, this article aims to elaborate on the role that reciprocity has played in the development, maintenance and interpretation of the law of international watercourses and then applies this to China’s transboundary water treaties. For these purposes, this analysis focuses on China’s approach to sovereignty on its transboundary waters and the substantive, procedural and dispute settlement rules of China’s transboundary treaties, as well as future developments, including the influence of the concept of ‘common interests’ on China’s practices. There have been significant developments in China’s transboundary water cooperation, as transboundary waters are increasingly important for China’s development. The article concludes with the example of the China-led Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism, highlighting its reciprocal characteristics and pathways for future development.
Changing Trends of Color of Different Laryngeal Regions in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease
Authors: Du Chen , Thayer Paige , Yan Yan , Liu Qingsong , Wang Li , Jiang Jack 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: In our previous study, we demonstrated that there might be correlations between laryngopharyngeal reflux disorder and the hue value of laryngoscopic images. And we found that different regions of larynx have different hue values. It was hypothesized that the degree of inflammation varies between different laryngeal regions, due to an acid reflux pattern. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the changing trends of hue values of different laryngeal regions in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease. Methods: Ninety-seven patients, including 20 pH-positive, 19 pH-negative were tested for LPR through multichannel intraluminal impedance 24-hour pH monitoring, and 58 controls with reflux symptom index less than 13. Laryngoscopic images of all patients were obtained. The hue values of 7 areas of interest, including both sides of the true vocal folds, the false vocal folds, the arytenoids, and the interarytenoid space, were quantified using a hue calculation. The analysis of variance analysis was applied to find if there was significant difference between different groups within each region. Results: (1) In the regions of both sides of the true vocal folds and interarytenoid, there was no significant difference between positive group and negative group; (2) in the regions of both sides of false vocal folds, there was no significant difference between negative group and control group; (3) in the regions of both sides of arytenoids, there was neither significant difference between positive group and negative group nor between negative group and control group; (4) in other comparisons, there were significant differences. Conclusion: Hue values of separate laryngeal regions are different. In negative group, the hue values of interarytenoid region are similar with positive group, and the sensitivity to the acid are different from different regions. The sensitivity in the true vocal folds may be present.
Preparation for Objective Structured Clinical Examination: A student perspective
Authors: Brown James 
Published: June 2019

Aim The aim of this study was to explore how student Operating Department Practitioners prepared for an Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Methods A mixed methods design was used; questionnaires were used to gather data from a group of student Operating Department Practitioners on their Objective Structured Clinical Examination experience. Results The study found coping with anxiety and the level of information students receive are important issues in preparing for Objective Structured Clinical Examinations. Discussion Whilst preparation with the manikin is important, it may not be enough to fully prepare students for an Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Students also need to be given sufficient information so they fully understand the competencies they will be assessed against and receive support to cope with anxiety during the Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Conclusion Further research is needed to identify mechanisms for coping with anxiety and stress in Objective Structured Clinical Examinations.