bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic analysis of UDP‐dependent glycosyltransferases provides insights into the evolutionary landscape of glycosylation in plant metabolism
Authors: Wilson Alexander E. , Tian Li 
Published: August 2019

SummaryGlycosylated metabolites generated by UDP‐dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play critical roles in plant interactions with the environment as well as human and animal nutrition. The evolution of plant UGTs has previously been explored, but with a limited taxon sampling. In this study, 65 fully sequenced plant genomes were analyzed, and stringent criteria for selection of candidate UGTs were applied to ensure a more comprehensive taxon sampling and reliable sequence inclusion. In addition to revealing the overall evolutionary landscape of plant UGTs, the phylogenomic analysis also resolved the phylogenetic association of UGTs from free‐sporing plants and gymnosperms, and identified an additional UGT group (group R) in seed plants. Furthermore, lineage‐specific expansions and contractions of UGT groups were detected in angiosperms, with the total number of UGTs per genome remaining constant generally. The loss of group Q UGTs in Poales and Brassicales, rather than functional convergence in the group Q containing species, was supported by a gene tree of group Q UGTs sampled from many species, and further corroborated by the absence of group Q homologs on the syntenic chromosomal regions in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicales). Branch‐site analyses of the group Q UGT gene tree allowed for identification of branches and amino acid sites that experienced episodic positive selection. The positively selected sites are located on the surface of a representative group Q UGT (PgUGT95B2), away from the active site, suggesting their role in protein folding/stability or protein–protein interactions.
Quality of red blood cell and platelet concentrates after transportation by a pneumatic tube system
Authors: Kobayashi Kiyoko , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Asami Ikuko , Kinoshita Hiromi , Tanazawa Takashi , Taji Yoshitada , Ishida Akaru , Ikebuchi Kenji 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectivesPneumatic tube systems (PTSs) are used in some hospitals to transport patients’ specimens. We investigated the feasibility of applying PTS for blood products for transfusion in our hospital.Materials and methodsWe transported red blood cells (RBCs) and platelet concentrates (PCs) by the PTS and measured biomarkers such as red cell haemolysis and platelet dysfunction before and after one‐way transportation, in addition, after one‐way transportation for three consecutive times by PTS.ResultsUsing 25 RBCs, K, free Hb, Hb, LD, AST and pH were compared before and after transportation. There were no significant differences. Haemolysis rates ranging between 0·13% and 0·35% were acceptable under the guideline. Using 6 PCs, platelet concentration, aggregation and activation function were examined. There were no significant differences before and after transportation. Positive rates of CD62P ranging between 3·1% and 11·4% showed no remarkable changes after the transportation. After the third consecutive transportation, LD and AST were slightly increased. However, haemolysis rate changed from 0·16% to 0·21%, again stayed in guideline level. As for platelet products, platelet aggregation activities to collagen (approximately 80%) did not change significantly.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that PTS is feasible for transporting them since one‐ and three‐time transportation by PTS does not appear to influence the important quality of RBCs and PCs. In our hospital, we have applied PTS for the transportation of blood products without major troubles such as loss of products or transfusion‐related adverse events.
Factors associated with breast cancer screening participation among women in mainland China: a systematic review
Authors: Wu Zijing , Liu Yu , Li Xiaohan , Song Bing , Ni Cuiping , Lin Frances 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesAlthough detecting breast cancer at an early stage through screening has been clearly shown to be an effective strategy, the screening participation rate in China remains low. This systematic review sought to synthesise the current evidence to identify factors associated with breast cancer screening participation among women in mainland China.DesignThis study was a systematic review.Data sourcesStudies were collected from PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and three major Chinese databases, specially China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP and Wanfang Data.Eligibility criteriaAll included papers were original research studies with a longitudinal or cross-sectional study design that considered associated factors of breast cancer screening participation among women in mainland China.Data extraction and synthesisStudy selection, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers, involving a third to help reach a consensus when necessary. Primary outcomes of interest included factors associated with breast cancer screening participation.ResultsA total of 19 studies were included in this review. Based on these studies, geographical region, a personal history of breast disease, past screening behaviours for breast disease, physical examination and the availability of medical specialists/equipment for breast examination were consistently associated with participation in breast cancer screening, while residential area, ethnicity and attitude towards breast cancer screening appeared to be associated with participation in breast cancer screening. There were additionally some factors with even more limited evidence with which to ascertain their association with screening participation.ConclusionsThere exists a wide range of factors that influence breast cancer screening participation in mainland China. These findings could help to inform future research and policy efforts.
Introduction and adoption of innovative invasive procedures and devices in the NHS: an in-depth analysis of written policies and qualitative interviews (the INTRODUCE study protocol)
Authors: Cousins Sian , Richards Hollie , Zahra Jesmond , Elliott Daisy , Avery Kerry , Robertson Harry F , Paramasivan Sangeetha , Wilson Nicholas , Mathews Johnny , Tolkien Zoe , Main Barry G , Blencowe Natalie S , Hinchliffe Robert , Blazeby Jane M 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionInnovation is key to improving outcomes in healthcare. Innovative pharmaceutical products undergo rigorous phased research evaluation before they are introduced into practice. The introduction of innovative invasive procedures and devices is much less rigorous and phased research, including randomised controlled trials, is not always undertaken. While the innovator (usually a surgeon) may introduce a new or modified procedure/device within the context of formal research, they may also be introduced by applying for local National Health Service (NHS) organisation approval alone. Written policies for the introduction of new procedures and/or devices often form part of this local clinical governance infrastructure; however, little is known about their content or use in practice. This study aims to systematically investigate how new invasive procedures and devices are introduced in NHS England and Wales.Methods and analysisAn in-depth analysis of written policies will be undertaken. This will be supplemented with interviews with key stakeholders. All acute NHS trusts in England and Health Boards in Wales will be systematically approached and asked to provide written policies for the introduction of new invasive procedures and devices. Information on the following will be captured: (1) policy scope, including when new procedures should be introduced within a formal research framework; (2) requirements for patient information provision; (3) outcome reporting and/or monitoring. Data will be extracted using a standardised form developed iteratively within the study team. Semistructured interviews with medical directors, audit and governance leads, and surgeons will explore views regarding the introduction of new invasive procedures into practice, including knowledge of and implementation of current policies.Ethics and disseminationIn-depth analysis of written policies does not require ethics approval. The University of Bristol Ethics Committee (56522) approved the interview component of the study. Findings from this work will be presented at appropriate conferences and will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Using patient-reported outcomes to manage postoperative symptoms in patients with lung cancer: protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dai Wei , Zhang Yuanqiang , Feng Wenhong , Liao Xiaoqing , Mu Yunfei , Zhang Rui , Wei Xing , Wu Chuanmei , Xie Shaohua , Li Qiang , Shi Qiuling 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionSurgery is one of the primary treatments for lung cancer. The postoperative symptom burden experienced by patients with lung cancer is substantial, seriously delaying their recovery from surgery and impairing their quality of life. Patient-reported outcome (PRO)-based symptom management is increasingly regarded as an optimal model for patient-centred care. Currently, clinical trial-based evidence involving early-phase (immediately after surgery for up to 1 month) symptom management of lung cancer is lacking. We propose a randomised trial to evaluate the effect of a PRO-based symptom-monitoring programme with overthreshold alerts and responses for postoperative recovery in patients with lung cancer.Methods and analysisThe study will recruit 160 patients with lung cancer from six hospitals. The patients will be randomly allocated to the intervention group or control group in a ratio of 1:1. Patients in the intervention group will receive PRO-based symptom management from the specialists when their reported target symptom (pain, coughing, fatigue, disturbed sleep and shortness of breath) scores reach the preset threshold (score ≥4). Patients in the control group will not generate alerts and will follow the standard procedures for symptom management. All patients will receive symptom assessments via the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory—lung cancer module on the day before surgery, daily after surgery and twice a week after discharge until 4 weeks or the start of postoperative oncological treatment. The primary outcome—mean symptom threshold events—will be compared between the intervention and control group via independent sample Student’s t-test.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan Cancer Hospital on 22 November 2018 (No. SCCHEC-02-2018-045). This manuscript is based on V.2.0, 9 May 2019 of the protocol. The study results will be disseminated in publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at academic conferences.Trials registration numberChiCTR1900020846.
Neuroimaging biomarkers of psychogenic erectile dysfunction: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Yin Tao , Li Zhengjie , Xiong Jing , Lan Lei , Sun Ruirui , Ren Feiqiang , Zhang Peihai 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common male sexual disorder that severely impacts the sexual performance and quality of life of men. As the main subtype of ED, psychogenic ED (pED) has been demonstrated to be a genitourinary disease and also associated with alterations in both brain structure and function. However, the scattered neuroimaging evidence from individual studies has not yet been integrated, and the central pathological alterations associated with pED remain unclear. The objective of this systematic review is to integrate and assess the evidence of the impact of pED on brain structure and function.Methods and analysisFive databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)) will be systematically searched from inception to 1 October 2019 (the anticipated completion date of this review), with language restricted to English and Chinese. Studies focusing on the structural or functional alterations in patients with pED will be retrieved. The study selection process will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline and quality assessment will be conducted with a customised checklist. After data extraction, a qualitative review will be performed to synthesise the structural and functional brain alterations as well as the correlations between the altered cerebral structures and functions and the clinical characteristics of patients with pED. If the collected data make it feasible, an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis will also be launched.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019117206.
Defect formation processes in the silicon nanoparticles under the neutron irradiation
Authors: Garibli A. A. , Garibov A. A. , Huseynov E. M. 
Published: August 2019

Silicon nanoparticles have been irradiated by neutrons up to 20 h. Free electrons and defects in the nanosilicon particles have been comparatively investigated before and after neutron irradiation using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. The neutron scattering and capture cross-section processes have been calculated for natural [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] isotopes, which are main part of nanosilicon samples when irradiated for 20 h by epithermal neutrons. Particle size, agglomeration and other surface effects of silicon nanoparticles were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after neutron irradiation.
The Association between Prebiotic Fiber Supplement Use and Colorectal Cancer Risk and Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Skiba Meghan B. , Kohler Lindsay N. , Crane Tracy E. , Jacobs Elizabeth T. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Kato Ikuko , Snetselaar Linda , Qi Lihong , Thomson Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
Fiber-based prebiotic supplements are marketed for maintaining bowel health and promoting beneficial gut bacteria. However, the association between prebiotic supplement use and colorectal cancer risk and mortality is unknown.

Methods:
The association between prebiotic use and colorectal cancer risk and mortality was evaluated in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative study. Self-reported prebiotic use was documented at study enrollment. Adjudicated colorectal cancer cases and mortality were captured using medical and death records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the HR related to prebiotic use and colorectal cancer risk and mortality.

Results:
In total, 3,032 colorectal cancer cases were diagnosed during an average 15.4 years of follow-up. Overall, 3.7% of women used a prebiotic with psyllium, the major fiber type. Use of any prebiotic supplement was not associated with colorectal cancer risk or mortality. The type of prebiotic supplement (none vs. insoluble or soluble) was not associated with colorectal cancer risk; however, use of insoluble fiber prebiotics compared with none was associated with higher colorectal cancer mortality [HR, 2.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32–5.90; P = 0.007]. Likelihood ratio tests indicated no significant interactions between prebiotic use and other colorectal cancer risk factors, including metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions:
Prebiotic fiber supplement use was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Insoluble, but not soluble, prebiotic fiber use was associated with higher colorectal cancer mortality. These findings do not support the promotion of prebiotic fiber supplements to reduce colorectal cancer risk or colorectal cancer mortality.

Impact:
Further investigation is warranted for findings regarding insoluble prebiotic fiber and higher colorectal cancer mortality in postmenopausal women.
Interleukin-15 Enhances Anti-GD2 Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity in an Orthotopic PDX Model of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Nguyen Rosa , Moustaki Ardiana , Norrie Jacqueline L. , Brown Shantel , Akers Walter J. , Shirinifard Abbas , Dyer Michael A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurpose:Immunotherapy with IL2, GM-CSF, and an anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) antibody significantly increases event-free survival in children with high-risk neuroblastoma. However, therapy failure in one third of these patients and IL2-related toxicities pose a major challenge. We compared the immunoadjuvant effects of IL15 with those of IL2 for enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in neuroblastoma.Experimental Design:We tested ADCC against neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in vitro and in vivo and examined the functional and migratory properties of NK cells activated with IL2 and IL15.Results:In cell culture, IL15-activated NK cells induced higher ADCC against two GD+ neuroblastoma PDXs than did IL2-activated NK cells (P &lt; 0.001). This effect was dose-dependent (P &lt; 0.001) and was maintained across several effector-to-tumor ratios. As compared with IL2, IL15 also improved chemotaxis of NK cells, leading to higher numbers of tumorsphere-infiltrating NK cells in vitro (P = 0.002). In an orthotopic PDX model, animals receiving chemoimmunotherapy with an anti-GD2 antibody, GM-CSF, and a soluble IL15/IL15Rα complex had greater tumor regression than did those receiving chemotherapy alone (P = 0.012) or combined with anti-GD2 antibody and GM-CSF with (P = 0.016) or without IL2 (P = 0.035). This was most likely due to lower numbers of immature tumor-infiltrating NK cells (DX5+CD27+) after IL15/IL15Rα administration (P = 0.029) and transcriptional upregulation of Gzmd.Conclusions:The substitution of IL15 for IL2 leads to significant tumor regression in vitro and in vivo and supports clinical testing of IL15 for immunotherapy in pediatric neuroblastoma.
Analysis of Tumor Genomic Pathway Alterations Using Broad-Panel Next-Generation Sequencing in Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Jian , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Caso Raul , Tan Kay See , Brandt Whitney S. , Jones Gregory D. , Yan Shi , Adusumilli Prasad S. , Bott Matthew , Huang James , Isbell James M. , Sihag Smita , Molena Daniela , Rusch Valerie W. , Chatila Walid K. , Rekhtman Natasha , Yang Fan , Ladanyi Marc , Solit David B. , Berger Michael F. , Schultz Nikolaus , Jones David R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The majority of broad-panel tumor genomic profiling has used a gene-centric approach, although much of that data is unused in clinical decision making. We hypothesized that a pathway-centric approach using next-generation sequencing (NGS), combined with conventional clinicopathologic features, may better predict disease-free survival (DFS) in early stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Experimental Design:
Utilizing our prospectively maintained database, we analyzed 492 patients with primary, untreated, completely surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Ten canonical pathways were analyzed using broad-panel NGS. The correlations of DFS and number (and type) of pathway (NPA) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Associations between altered pathways and clinicopathologic variables, as well as identification of actionable therapeutic strategies were explored.

Results:
Median NPA for the cohort was two (range, 0–5). Smoking status, solid morphologic appearance on preoperative CT, maximal standardized uptake value, pathologic tumor size, aggressive histologic subtype, lymphovascular invasion, visceral pleural invasion, and positive lymph nodes were significantly associated with NPA (P &lt; 0.05). Of 543 actionable genetic alterations identified, 455 (84%) were within the RTK/RAS pathway. A total of 86 tumors had actionable therapeutic genomic alterations in &gt;1 pathway. On multivariable analysis, higher NPA was significantly associated with worse DFS (HR, 1.31; P = 0.014).

Conclusions:
NPA and specific pathway alterations are associated with clinicopathologic features in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Cell cycle, Hippo, TGFβ, and p53 pathway alterations are associated with poor DFS. Finally, NPA is an independent risk factor for poor DFS in our cohort.
See related commentary by Blakely, p. 7269
Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Disruption of the Circadian Clock
Authors: Dong Zhen , Zhang Guoxin , Qu Meng , Gimple Ryan C. , Wu Qiulian , Qiu Zhixin , Prager Briana C. , Wang Xiuxing , Kim Leo J.Y. , Morton Andrew R. , Dixit Deobrat , Zhou Wenchao , Huang Haidong , Li Bin , Zhu Zhe , Bao Shideng , Mack Stephen C. , Chavez Lukas , Kay Steve A. , Rich Jeremy N. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers, containing self-renewing glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Here, we show that GSCs, differentiated glioblastoma cells (DGC), and nonmalignant brain cultures all displayed robust circadian rhythms, yet GSCs alone displayed exquisite dependence on core clock transcription factors, BMAL1 and CLOCK, for optimal cell growth. Downregulation of BMAL1 or CLOCK in GSCs induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that BMAL1 preferentially bound metabolic genes and was associated with active chromatin regions in GSCs compared with neural stem cells. Targeting BMAL1 or CLOCK attenuated mitochondrial metabolic function and reduced expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. Small-molecule agonists of two independent BMAL1–CLOCK negative regulators, the cryptochromes and REV-ERBs, downregulated stem cell factors and reduced GSC growth. Combination of cryptochrome and REV-ERB agonists induced synergistic antitumor efficacy. Collectively, these findings show that GSCs co-opt circadian regulators beyond canonical circadian circuitry to promote stemness maintenance and metabolism, offering novel therapeutic paradigms.

Significance:
Cancer stem cells are highly malignant tumor-cell populations. We demonstrate that GSCs selectively depend on circadian regulators, with increased binding of the regulators in active chromatin regions promoting tumor metabolism. Supporting clinical relevance, pharmacologic targeting of circadian networks specifically disrupted cancer stem cell growth and self-renewal.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1469
Direitos e erros na demarcação de terras indígenas
Authors: Britto Gladstone Avelino 
Published: August 2019

O processo de demarcação de terras indígenas tem fundamento na Constituição de 1988, cabendo à Funai a realização dos trabalhos, dentro de sua competência de dar cumprimento à política indigenista no Brasil. Este artigo busca decifrar os mecanismos internos na demarcação de terras e avaliar a importância da qualidade técnica do Relatório Circunstanciado de Delimitação e Identificação (RCID), principal componente de um processo administrativo conduzido por um antropólogo de qualificação reconhecida. A boa técnica na elaboração do RCID contribui para agilizar o processo de reconhecimento dos direitos dos povos indígenas à terra. Examinaram-se os procedimentos administrativos do Decreto nº 1775/1996 e da Portaria MJ nº 14/1996 e sua aplicação em processos de elaboração do RCID. A não observância de critérios legais na elaboração do RCID e o cerceamento ao direito constitucional ao contraditório no processo administrativo estão na raiz da insegurança jurídica nos processos de reconhecimento dos direitos indígenas sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam.
First record of two rare brachyuran crabs: Drachiella morum Alcock, 1896 and Quadrella maculosa Alcock, 1898 along the Tamil Nadu coast, India
Authors: Viswanathan Chinnathambi , Goutham Sampath , Deepak Samuel Vijayakumar , Krishnan Pandian , Purvaja Ramachandran , Ramesh Ramachandran 
Published: August 2019

The present report describes the first record of two brachyuran crabs, Drachiella morum Alcock, 1896 and Quadrella maculosa Alcock, 1898 along the coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The morphological characters of the specimens are described and discussed. Among the two crabs, Q. maculosa was previously recorded only in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.