bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meet the Twentysomethings
Authors: Clydesdale Tim , Garces-Foley Kathleen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Four young adults with thoughtful religious, spiritual, and secular views are profiled. Maria, a devout Catholic Latina who is a graduate student in speech pathology; Jeremy, an enthusiastic Mainline Protestant whose gay and biracial identity left him wary of religion; Lee, an Evangelical convert who switched from a Chinese to a multiracial congregation; and Abby, who rejected the White middle-class Evangelicalism of her childhood for atheism and then adopted an eclectic spirituality. Emerging adulthood is then described, as is the book’s qualitative and survey methodology and its focus on 91% of American twentysomethings who identify as Catholic, Mainline Protestant, Evangelical, or religiously unaffiliated (i.e., Nones). The book’s seven scholarly contributions are stated and the next six chapters are introduced.
Evangelicals
Authors: Clydesdale Tim , Garces-Foley Kathleen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 explores the religious, spiritual, and secular lives of Evangelical twentysomethings, who account for 30% of all twentysomethings. Using congregational ethnographies of two Evangelical churches, this chapter describes why and how religiously active Evangelicals, which includes most Evangelicals, select a church to join. Relying on in-depth interviews, this chapter identifies what draws Evangelicals to church and what kinds of churches appeal to them. This chapter also describes the distinctive strategies deployed by Black and multiracial churches to attract young adults. Using the National Study of American Twentysomething findings, the chapter examines what distinguishes Active, Nominal, and Estranged Evangelical twentysomethings. In conclusion, this chapter closes with analysis of the similarities and differences among Evangelical, Mainline Protestant, and Catholic twentysomethings.
Nones
Authors: Clydesdale Tim , Garces-Foley Kathleen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Relying on in-depth interviews and the National Study of American Twentysomethings, this chapter describes the heterogeneous young adults who are religious unaffiliated. Known in the popular press as the Nones, most of these young adults were raised in a Christian religious tradition, which they now reject, but that does not mean they have no interest in religion. Some are anti-religious and many are disinterested, but others hold traditional beliefs in a personal God and in an afterlife while rejecting religious institutions. Still others create an eclectic spirituality that draws from many religious traditions. The chapter provides estimated proportions of Nones who are philosophical secularists, indifferent secularists, spiritual eclectics, and unaffiliated believers. This chapter examines the role of context in the fluid religious, spiritual, and secular identities of twentysomething Nones and reports on the values, behaviors, and confidence in social institutions of this growing population.
The Causality of Creation
Authors: Kerr Gaven 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this chapter the causality involved in creation is considered. The chapter offers an account of causality in general and proceeds to outline the key distinction between per se and per accidens series and how they function in the metaphysics of creation. The chapter begins by looking at causality in general and then moving on to consider God’s primary causality as bringing all things into existence. It is then considered whether or not Aquinas is committed to any preexisting potential essences of which God makes use in creating. The summary anticipates future chapters. It is noted in the closing section of the chapter that the considerations here focus on God as primary cause of all things, but we also need to consider God as final cause.
Motivations of the adherent
Authors: Owen Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores the three principal motivations that have been proposed to explain altruistic behavior—rational self-interest, moral obligations, and social norms—and asks to what extent they are plausible explanations of the motivations of adherents and how they are distinct from the motivations of the constituents. It shows how the adherents’ disjoint (i.e., asymmetric) motivations differ from the conjoint (i.e., reciprocal) motivations of constituents. It proposes that adherents are motivated by self-owned moral obligations to others and disjoint norms of service. It also explores the associated costs of these motivations for the social movement, showing how these too differ.
Problems of belonging in solidarity work
Authors: Owen Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 8 explores the dilemmas of belonging that arise in the solidarity orientation, in work aimed at increasing group and movement cohesion. The chapter considers first whether constituents and adherents can share work-in-common within the movement itself. It distinguishes between three approaches: disjoint “unlived politics,” conjoint “prefiguration,” and “self-sufficiency.” The chapter also considers whether constituents and adherents can derive the same emotional satisfaction from the life of the social movement. It argues that the emotions that motivate constituents differ from those that motivate adherents. The adherent’s disjoint emotions—felt for or in relation to others—are hard to share with the constituents, whose own emotions—hurt, anger, pride—shared conjointly with each other, are hard to share with the adherents. The theory is used to explain the last of the puzzling cases: the difficulties of middle-class Victorian socialists in achieving fellowship with the workers.
Conclusion
Authors: Tännsjö Torbjörn 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Even if according to all plausible theories of distributive justice, spending more on the care and cure of patients suffering from mental illness should be a priority rather than on marginal life extension, this will not happen. The reason has to do with fear of death and human irrationality. Does the fact that we will not abide by any one of the theories, even if we are convinced that it is true, mean that there is something wrong with it? Does our reluctance to act on the theories mean that they must be false? I think not. Here I avail myself in my argument of moral realism. If there is a truth in the matter, there is no reason to believe that the correct moral theory must be such that we abide by it, once we accept it (theoretically speaking) as true. This means that our unwillingness to live according to the theories does not show that they are unreasonable. The problem lies not with the theories themselves but rather with our unwillingness to abide by them. We are to blame, not abstract moral theory.
Melchizedek the Man in the Context of Gen. 14
Authors: Cargill Robert R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the structure of the overall narrative and the context of the Abram-Melchizedek interaction in Gen. 14. It explores the origin of the name Malki-Ṣedeq, which it concludes to mean “My king is [the deity] Ṣedeq.” It then examines the prevalence of Ṣedeq worship throughout Canaan and the deity’s association with salt. Finally, this chapter examines the prevalence of priest-kings in Phoenicia, Canaan, and early Israel. The chapter concludes that the idea of a priest-king early monarchic Israel would not have been surprising, but instead the norm, as rulers serving a symbolic priestly role was typical of Phoenician and Canaanite kings.
The Tithes That Bind
Authors: Cargill Robert R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the grammatical problem caused by the exchange of goods, commonly interpreted as a tithe, in Gen. 14:20. The chapter argues that the unstated direction of the exchange should actually be from Melchizedek to Abram (contra traditional Jewish and Christian interpretation) and that the exchange should not be viewed in a cultic setting as a tithe but as a part of the negotiation of the exchange of goods and people that immediately follows between Abram and the king of Sodom. This chapter argues that one motivation for understanding the exchange of goods as a tithe and of the reversal of direction of the exchange to one from Abram to Melchizedek was to establish a biblical precedent of tithing to Jerusalem priests by none other than Abram himself.
Understanding Exclusionary Inclusion
Authors: Behl Natasha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapters 4 utilizes interview and participant observation data to focus on Sikh women’s lived experience of exclusionary inclusion in civil society and the home. Chapter 4 demonstrates how research participants construct the category of woman in relation to home and marriage, and how they naturalize exclusionary inclusion through the following unwritten and informal rules: (1) women’s rights and duties, (2) public policies, (3) women’s religiosity, (4) women’s purity, and (5) women as perpetual outsiders. A majority of research participants understand gender equality and religious autonomy as competing goals, which makes it more difficult to achieve equality. The ethnographic data reveals that Sikh women do not experience civil society as an uncoerced space of voluntary associational life, and they do not experience the home as a place of safety, security, and respect. Rather they experience exclusionary inclusion in both these spaces.
Challenging Exclusionary Inclusion
Authors: Behl Natasha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 uses interview and participant observation data to demonstrate how Sikh women uphold and resist exclusionary inclusion in religious community. Sikh women often struggle to escape contradictory gendered norms that essentialize women as inferior, polluted, and suspect. Yet, for some women, membership in Sukhmani Seva Societies (devotional organizations) is an unexpected resource for active citizenship, where they sometimes reinforce but sometimes also resist socially prescribed gender roles. These women enact their citizenship rights through acts of devotion, which upends long-standing assumptions about religious space as inherently undemocratic. Sikh women envision and enact more egalitarian interpersonal and community relations through their devotional practices, which understand gender equality and minority rights as coexisting and human and divine agency as interdependent. Their experience suggests that religious practices can be understood as a form of active citizenship that can potentially challenge exclusionary inclusion and negotiate between state, community, and gender in new ways.
Trial and Error
Authors: Hutton Clare 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at the compositional genesis of Ulysses, its early production history, and the circumstances by which the editors of the Little Review became embroiled in a trial in New York in February 1921. The composition of Joyce’s text is discussed in detail, from the moments of conception through to April 1921, when Joyce realized that the Little Review serialization would not continue, and made arrangements for the publication of his work in volume form with Sylvia Beach’s Parisian bookshop, Shakespeare and Company. The trial of the Little Review editors—on the grounds of the putative obscenity of the last instalment of chapter 13 (‘Nausicaa’)—is also discussed in detail. In particular the chapter looks at the sexual politics of the trial, including the homophobia of John Quinn, the lawyer who gave significant financial support to both Joyce and the Little Review.
The Serial Style and Beyond
Authors: Hutton Clare 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that the specific text of Ulysses as published in the Little Review is of critical interest. It looks at the style and nature of Ulysses as a serial and gives an initial account of the ways in which Joyce changed the serial text for the volume version of February 1922. Digital resources have transformed the possibility of studying textual variation, and an early section in the chapter looks at those transformations and focuses, in particular, on the significance of word counts as a key for understanding how Joyce’s text changed. Dushan Popovich, printer of the Little Review, and the first typographer to face the challenge of typesetting Joyce’s challenging text, is discussed in some detail. Pound disliked Joyce’s candour, and the various revisions which he imposed on the serial text are reviewed here. So too are the various ways in which Joyce subsequently revised his text for publication in volume form.
The Noble Knight
Authors: Crouch David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The knight was included within the origin myth of Nobility by 1210, which was an elevation that depended on defining knights by the hypermoral expectations of their Nobility of Mind. The knight had moral expectations laid on him already in the early twelfth century, but by the end of the century these were intensifying to include the same moral expectations laid on anyone claiming to be noble. This can be traced in the 1180s through the appearance of two grades of knighthood—that of banneret being the nobler, and the rise of the genre of chivalric tract—the origins of both being traceable to the courtly society dominated by Philip of Flanders and the sons of Henry II of England. Simultaneously, literature stigmatized mercenary knights and bourgeois knights as beyond the bounds of noble knighthood. The sacralization of the sword the knight bore was another tactic to raise the order.
Fetched from Oblivion
Authors: James David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This opening chapter traces a modernist genealogy for the poetics of consolation in contemporary writing. It considers the way Virginia Woolf probed in self-contesting fashion the consolations of experimental form. The legacy of her arguments with the redemptive efficacy of aesthetic form in To the Lighthouse (1927) becomes evident even in contemporary novels that maintain a combative stance towards modernism itself. Ian McEwan’s Atonement (2001) is one such text: a genre-medley of wartime romance and high-modernist pastiche that dissects the ethical ramifications of solace as a contentious aspect of artistic reparation, especially when that reparative impulse also turns out to be a morally compromised stimulus for artistic creativity.
Description as Redress
Authors: James David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the poetics and ethics of literary description as mode of redress in traumatic fictions that evoke seemingly indescribable circumstances. It discusses the affective energy of style as it counterpoints catastrophe and suffering in the work of Cormac McCarthy and W. G. Sebald. In so doing, the chapter poses larger questions that establish some of the book’s principal interpretive coordinates. Namely, can expression compensate for plot? What ethical implications does the brilliant description of devastation in The Road (2006) and Austerlitz (2001) magnify, when athletic acts of depiction counterweigh the material or mental damage they elegantly convey? Behaving as such, how does literary style probe as much as it affirms its own consolatory affordances? Over the course the chapter, description emerges as a form of narration in its own right. And the importance of reading for description highlights the need to distinguish this kind of analytical attention from the proposed aims of so-called ‘descriptive reading’.
Life-Righting and Magical Thinking
Authors: James David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In Chapter 5 parallel or potential fortunes become the dramatic subject and aesthetic trigger for texts that enter the consolatory scene of magical thinking: Joan Didion’s now-iconic The Year of Magical Thinking (2005) and Doris Lessing’s final book, Alfred and Emily (2008). Taken together, Didion and Lessing present us with works of ‘life-righting–’, revealing the inescapably tempting yet formally generative prospect of rewriting what cannot be rectified. Simultaneously conjuring and questioning consolatory counterlives, their books draw rhetorical and structural energy from existential speculation, while confronting the dilemmas of recreating the dead. Lessing and Didion countenance only to rescind the hypothetical amelioration of scarred fortunes and the compensations of magical thought, respectively—mobilizing this process of affective self-examination as a formal catalyst for contemporary memoir.
Situated approaches to musical experience
Authors: Seibert Christoph 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Informed by a review of recent attempts in cognitive science to overcome head-bound conceptions of the mind, this chapter investigates the contribution of ‘situated’ approaches to understanding music and consciousness, focusing on musical experience. It develops a systematic framework for discriminating between situated approaches, and based on this framework and an analysis of specific scenarios discusses the ways in which musical experience may be conceptualized as ‘situated’, elucidating the implications and explanatory potential of different approaches. Finally, there is a consideration of the framework’s value as a research tool for the analysis of situated aspects of musical practices. The aim is to advance an understanding of music and consciousness by contributing to conceptual clarity and by enriching the relationship between theoretical considerations and observation of musical practice.
Empathy and the ecology of musical consciousness
Authors: Clarke Eric 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Consciousness, both generally and in music, has been regarded as an individual capacity or attribute, despite increasing recognition of the extended, embodied, embedded, and enactive character of the human mind, and the intersubjectivity of human experience. This chapter proposes empathy as a fruitful way to engage with the collective quality of musical consciousness. It touches upon broader and narrower conceptions of empathy, and considers the ways in which aesthetic objects, including music, as well as living subjects, can afford empathic engagement. A discussion of neuroscientific, psychological, and cultural understandings of empathy leads to a consideration of empirical evidence for musically mediated empathy, and a more speculative attempt to understand people’s ‘strong experiences with music’ in terms of empathic musical consciousness—with a particular focus on the voice. Recordings of performances by Janis Joplin and Chet Baker illustrate what it is about their voices that may afford empathic engagement and a palpable sense of intersubjective musical consciousness.
Conscious and non-conscious perception and action in musical performance
Authors: Harris Robert , de Jong Bauke M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The dual-stream model of perception and action maintains the existence of two separate, but interacting, higher-order auditory systems tailored to conscious perception and non-conscious sensorimotor control. During performance, implicit knowledge of musical syntax embodied within the motor system may thus be accessed non-consciously via the dorsal stream, facilitating audiomotor transformation and making it possible to play ‘by ear’ and to improvise. In an fMRI study contrasting improvising with score-dependent musicians, significantly larger activation of the right dorsal frontoparietal network was interpreted as evidence of enhanced audiomotor transformation in improvising musicians. This notion was supported by a subsequent behavioural study confirming their superior ability to replicate and transpose aurally presented music at the keyboard. It is proposed that enhanced audiomotor transformation may be associated with the generation of a more accurate forward model in improvising musicians as a consequence of the non-conscious learning processes in which they engage. The failure of current educational methods to foster implicit, non-conscious knowledge of music in performance may be traced to the conceptual partition of explicit knowledge and the biological and physical environments in which it operates.
Dual consciousness and unconsciousness: The structure and spirituality of polymetric tabla compositions
Authors: Virani Vivek 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers the question of the extent to which composers can manipulate the conscious and unconscious experience of performers and listeners. It addresses a subset of solo tabla compositions by Suresh Talwalkar called mūrchana racanā, meaning ‘compositions that make one bewildered, insensible, or unconscious’. These compositions are so named due to Talwalkar’s belief that their musical structure, based on a complex polymetre, can facilitate altered states of consciousness (ASC). The chapter analyses these rhythmic structures and their possible effects on consciousness, distinguishing between the experiences of listeners and performers. It also discusses how narratives and experiences of ‘mūrchana consciousness’ draw upon pre-existing cultural and philosophical beliefs underlying the North Indian classical music performance context. It concludes that musical structure, performance setting, and metaphysical beliefs all play essential roles in shaping unique experiences of musically altered consciousness.
Wellbeing, young people, and music scenes
Authors: Bennett Andy , Nikulinsky Lisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers how young people’s involvement in a local or virtual music scene can be important in terms of providing them with a sense of self-worth and esteem. Although the topic of music scenes has been comprehensively researched in academic scholarship, the connection between scene membership and physical and psychological wellbeing has not to date been a topic of focus. The chapter draws on original empirical data generated during interviews with young people in Margaret River, Western Australia, in 2016–17. Although our research findings originate from a localized source, they can be extrapolated to broader debates concerning the relationship between young people, music, and wellbeing.
Social media, adolescent developmental tasks, and music
Authors: Pluretti Roseann , Bobkowski Piotr S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Social media platforms have transformed young people’s use of music. These mediated environments alter how young people consume, identify, and connect with music. Social media platforms further emphasize a social relationship to music. Young people can use social media to present their musical preferences, connect with others who share their musical affinities, and even communicate with musicians and celebrities. In this chapter, we discuss how music and social media intersect in the context of three developmental tasks that young people face. We focus on social development, identity development, including personal and social identities, and physical development as three key developmental tasks that mark and affect young people’s growth. Social media provide tools and environments for these developmental tasks, and music can play a role in how young people use social media to negotiate these developmental tasks. The chapter maps existing literature on the interplay between music, adolescent development, and social media, and identifies research directions that are yet to be addressed.