bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Series expansion for shear stress in large‐amplitude oscillatory shear flow from oldroyd 8‐constant framework
Authors: Poungthong Pongthep , Giacomin Alan J. , Saengow Chaimongkol , Kolitawong Chanyut 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhen polymeric liquids undergo large‐amplitude oscillatory shear flow, the shear stress responds as a Fourier series, the higher harmonics of which are caused by the fluid nonlinearity, and the first harmonic of which is a nonlinear function of both the frequency and the shear rate amplitude. The Oldroyd 8‐constant framework for continuum constitutive theory contains a rich diversity of popular special cases for polymeric liquids. The shear stress response for the Oldroyd 8‐constant framework has recently yielded to exact analytical solution. However, in its closed form, Bessel functions appear 24 times, each within infinite summations. In this paper, to simplify the exact solution, we expand it in a Taylor series. We truncate the series after its 16th power of the shear rate amplitude. Our main result reduces to the well known expression for the corotational Jeffreys and corotational Maxwell fluids. Whereas these special cases yielded to the Goddard integral expansion (GIE), the more general Oldroyd 8‐constant framework does not. We use Ewoldt grids to show our main result to be highly accurate, for the corotational Jeffreys and corotational Maxwell fluids. For these two special cases, our solutions agree closely with the exact solutions so long as . We apply our main result for the special case of the Johnson‐Segalman fluid to describe the measured frequency sweep and shear rate amplitude sweep responses of molten atactic polystyrene. For this, we use the Spriggs relations to generalize our main result to multimode, which then agrees closely with the measured responses.
Does nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer have a worse prognosis than other nonmetastatic T4 cancers?
Authors: Romanoff Anya , Zabor Emily C. , Petruolo Oriana , Stempel Michelle , El‐Tamer Mahmoud , Morrow Monica , Barrio Andrea V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundBoth patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IFLBC) and patients with noninflammatory T4 breast cancer (non‐IFLBC) have a heavy disease burden in the breast; whether the unique biology of IFLBC conveys a higher locoregional recurrence (LRR) risk and worse outcomes in comparison with other T4 lesions is uncertain. Here the outcomes of patients with IFLBC and patients with non‐IFLBC treated with modern multimodality therapy are compared.MethodsPatients with nonmetastatic T4 breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, mastectomy, and radiation therapy between 2006 and 2016 were identified. Recurrences and survival were compared between patients with IFLBC and patients with non‐IFLBC overall and stratified by receptor subtype.ResultsFor 199 T4 patients, the median age was 52 years, and the median clinical tumor size was 7 cm. One hundred seventeen (59%) had IFLBC. With a median follow‐up of 41 months, 4 patients had isolated LRR; all cases occurred in patients with IFLBC. The 5‐year isolated LRR rate for patients with IFLBC was 4.8%. Overall, 14 patients had both LRR and distant recurrence (DR); 47 had DR only. The 5‐year distant recurrence–free survival (DRFS) rates were similar for patients with IFLBC and patients with non‐IFLBC (63% vs 71%; log‐rank P = .14). The 5‐year DRFS rate was lowest among triple‐negative (TN) patients (43%) and was significantly lower for patients with TN IFLBC versus patients with non‐IFLBC (28% vs 62%; log‐rank P = .02). The 5‐year overall survival rates (71% vs 74%; log‐rank P = .4) and cancer‐specific survival rates (74% vs 79%; log‐rank P = .23) did not differ between IFLBC and non‐IFLBC.ConclusionsAlthough IFLBC is often considered a unique biologic subtype, patients with IFLBC and patients with non‐IFLBC had similar outcomes with modern multimodality therapy; isolated LRR was uncommon. The TN subtype in patients with IFLBC is associated with poor outcomes, and this indicates the need for new treatment approaches in this group.
‘Dip Catalysts’ Based on Polymer‐Metal Nanocomposite Thin Films: Combining Soft‐Chemical Fabrication with Efficient Application and Monitoring
Authors: Madhuri U. Divya , Saha Jony , Radhakrishnan T. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNanocatalysts can potentially harmonize the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, provided they are sequestered in a suitable host matrix that not only enables convenient introduction into repeated reaction cycles, but also allows facile access for the reaction system. Polymer‐metal/semiconductor nanocomposite thin films fabricated through an in situ protocol offer a promising solution involving eco‐friendly synthesis and sustainable application. Salient features of the approach include (i) the simple, soft‐chemical fabrication methodology that also allows real‐time observation of the catalyst formation, (ii) efficient nanocatalyst action through the facile movement of the reactants and products to and from the catalyst site enabled by the swelling of the polymer matrix, and (iii) realization of the ‘dip catalyst’ concept that emphasizes the ease of insertion and retrieval of the thin film into and from the reaction system, coupled with the feasibility of effective catalyst monitoring through multiple uses. An overview of the nanocomposite thin film fabrication, types of nanostructures that have been reported in this context, deployment of the thin film ‘dip catalysts’ in several reactions, and emerging new directions in the field and open problems are presented.
Exploiting the Ring Strain of Diphosphetanes: A Synthetic and Computational Approach towards 1,2,5‐Selenadiphospholanes
Authors: Coburger Peter , Aures Richard , Schulz Paulina , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA carboranyl‐based meso‐1,2,5‐selenadiphospholane diselenide was synthesised starting from a strained carborane‐substituted 1,2‐diphosphetane and subsequently reduced to an unprecedented carboranyl‐based meso‐1,2,5‐selenadiphospholane. The electronic structure and the bonding situation for both compounds were investigated by density functional theory (DFT), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses, Fractional Occupation Density (FOD) analysis, Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) calculations and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. Ring‐opening reactions of meso‐1,2,5‐selenadiphospholane with nucleophiles and electrophiles are reported together with calculated reaction mechanisms (DFT level). Isolated compounds were characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis of Nucleoside‐5′‐O‐Tetraphosphates from Activated Trimetaphosphate and Nucleoside‐5′‐O‐Monophosphates
Authors: Mohamady Samy , Taylor Scott D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article describes a straight‐forward chemical method for the synthesis of nucleoside‐5′‐O‐tetraphosphates, such as cytosine‐, guanosine‐, adenosine‐, and uridine‐5′‐O‐tetraphosphates, starting from the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates and trimetaphosphate, a readily available and inexpensive starting material. The procedure involves reacting the tri(tetrabutylammonium) salt of trimetaphosphate with mesitylenesulfonyl chloride and N‐methylimidazole. The resulting activated cyclic trimetaphosphate is reacted with the tetrabutylammonium salts of nucleoside monophosphates. After quenching the reaction with buffer and high‐performance liquid chromatography purification, the desired nucleoside‐5′‐O‐tetraphosphates were obtained in yields of 84% to 86%. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation of MLC‐2v‐tdTomato knock‐in reporter mouse line
Authors: Zhang Zhentao , Nam Young‐Jae 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMLC‐2v is a myosin light chain regulatory protein which is specifically expressed in ventricular cardiomyocytes and slow twitch skeletal muscle cells. MLC‐2v plays critical roles in ventricular maturation during heart development. Mice lacking MLC‐2v are embryonic lethal due to heart failure associated with abnormal myofibrillar organization of ventricular cardiomyocytes. To study the development of ventricular cardiac muscle and slow twitch skeletal muscle, we generated a new MLC‐2v reporter mouse line by knocking‐in a tdTomato reporter cassette into 3′ UTR of the MLC‐2v gene without disrupting the endogenous gene. Our results demonstrated specific MLC‐2v‐tdTomato knock‐in reporter expression in ventricular cardiomyocytes and slow twitch muscle during myogenesis, precisely recapitulating the spatiotemporal expression pattern of endogenous MLC‐2v. No tdTomato expression was observed in the atria, fast twitch muscle or other organs throughout development into adulthood. Isolated neonatal and adult ventricular cardiomyocytes uniformly express tdTomato. Taken together, MLC‐2v‐tdTomato knock‐in reporter mouse model described in this article will serve as a valuable tool to study cardiac chamber and skeletal muscle specification during development and regeneration by overcoming the pitfalls of transgenic strategies.
A spatio‐temporal approach to estimate patterns of climate change
Authors: Laurini M. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe introduce a method for decomposition of trend, cycle, and seasonal components in spatio‐temporal models and apply it to investigate the existence of climate changes in temperature series. The method incorporates critical features in the analysis of climatic problems—the importance of spatial heterogeneity, information from a large number of weather stations, and the presence of missing data. The spatial component is based on continuous projections of spatial covariance functions, allowing the modeling of complex patterns of dependence observed in climatic data. We apply this method to study climate changes in the northeast region of Brazil, characterized by a great wealth of climates and large amplitudes of temperatures. The results show the presence of a tendency for temperature increases, indicating changes in the climatic patterns in this region.
Biological pretreatment of rice straw by ligninolytic Bacillus sp. strains for enhancing biogas production
Authors: Shah Tawaf Ali , Lee Charles C. , Orts William J. , Tabassum Romana 
Published: October 2018

Fermenting agricultural biomass, such as rice straw (RS), to methane is a promising solution to an ongoing waste problem. However, the biomass must first be pretreated to break down lignin thereby increasing accessibility of the substrate to fermentative organisms. Biological pretreatment by microorganisms represents a potentially economical strategy to prepare the biomass for fermentation. We isolated seven candidate ligninolytic Bacillus sp. strains based on their robustness for lignin degradation. The production of the ligninolytic enzymes from these strains was characterized and optimized. The bacterial strains were tested for their ability to pretreat RS and increase the yield of biomethane fermentation. It was determined that using mixed combinations of bacterial cultures was more effective than using individual strains. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of using these Bacillus sp. strains as robust biocatalysts for processing lignocellulosic waste biomass.
Significance: Newly isolated Bacillus sp. strains demonstrated an efficient degradation of lignin, Azure B dye, fast hydrolysis of rice straw, and improved biogas yields. This research suggests that, Bacillus sp. strains could be a source of novel enzymes, and an ideal candidate in bioprocessing of complex substrates”. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13036, 2019
Intertidal boulder transport: A proposed methodology adopting Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to quantify storm induced boulder mobility
Authors: Hastewell Linley John , Schaefer Martin , Bray Malcolm , Inkpen Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBoulder transport is an area of growing interest to coastal scientists as a means of improving our understanding of the complex interactions between extreme wave activity and the evolution of rocky coasts. However, our knowledge of the response of intertidal boulder deposits to contemporary storm events remains limited due to a lack of quantifiable field‐based evidence.We address this by presenting a methodology incorporating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tagging and Differential Global Positioning Navigation Satellite System (DGNSS) technology to monitor and accurately quantify the displacement of RFID tagged boulders resulting from storm wave activity. Based on preliminary findings we highlight the suitability of the technology and methodology to better understand the spatial and temporal response of intertidal boulders to contemporary storm events.We inserted RFID tags in 104 limestone boulders (intermediate axes from 0.27 to 2.85 m) across a range of morphogenic settings at two sites on the intertidal shore platforms at Bembridge, Isle of Wight (UK). Fifteen topographic surveys were conducted between July 2015 and May 2017 to relocate and record tagged boulder locations (tag recovery rate: 91%). The relocated boulder coordinate data from both sites identified 164 individual transport events in 63% of the tagged boulder array amounting to 184.6 m of transport, including the displacement of a boulder weighing more than 10 tonnes.Incidents of boulder quarrying and overturning during transport were also recorded, demonstrating that despite the relatively sheltered location, intertidal boulders are created and regularly transported under moderate storm conditions. This suggests that contemporary storm events have a greater propensity to mobilise boulders in the intertidal range than has previously been realised.Consequently, by documenting our methodology we provide guidance to others and promote further use of RFID technology to enable new hypotheses on boulder transport to be tested in a range of field settings and wave regimes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep seated fault‐related volcanogenic H2S as the key agent of high sinkhole concentration areas
Authors: Santo A. , Santangelo N. , Balassone G. , Strauss H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractKarst collapse sinkholes (KCS) are a peculiar karst morphology resulting from the collapse of the topographic surface caused by subsurface karstification. In the Southern Apennines these phenomena are not randomly distributed but concentrate in several zones, named High Sinkhole Concentration Areas (HSCA), showing peculiar geological, structural and hydrogeological conditions. Gas vents and mineral springs occur widely in these HSCA, and are often stricty related to the KCS. Starting from four representative areas, the aim of this study is to ascertain if there is a genetic link between peculiar mineralogical vs geochemical features of densely fractured/altered rocky masses in KCS, gas vents/springs occurrences and diffuse hypogenic karstification. By means of a multidisciplinary approach (geological/geomorphological, mineralogical and geochemical) we selected and analysed four different kinds of samples related to KCS, gas vent and spring occurrences: (i) altered to deeply altered limestones sampled in the sinkholes; (ii) unaltered limestones sampled in close proximity to sinkhole areas; (iii) gypsum‐rich crusts/patinae, precipitated near to gas vents; (iv) gypsum‐ and calcite‐rich precipitates occurring at springs or inside caves. Among neoformed non‐carbonate minerals, gypsum is virtually ubiquitous, halides (fluorite, halite, sylvite) also occur in small to trace amounts. The mineralogical assemblages of the different samples show similarities and may also be compatible with hypogenic speleogenesis and with a process of alteration of the carbonate bedrock by means of uprising mineralizing fluids along structural discontinuities. Stable isotopic compositions (S, O) display strong variability in δ34S and δ18O for sulfate in the different areas, but a deep‐seated sulfur source can be hypothesized for many of the studied KCS‐related samples. This study has important implications for the relationships between areas of high concentration of sinkholes, regional fault systems, mechanical characteristics of rocks and the high seismicity typical of these areas of the Southern Apennines. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow structure in large bedrock‐channels: The example of macroturbulent rapids, lower Mekong River, Southeast Asia
Authors: Carling Paul A. , Huang He Qing , Su Teng , Hornby Duncan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rate of bedrock channel incision is key to the understanding of landscape evolution. Theoretical models relate channel incision to sediment transport; the latter conditioned by the bed shear stress. However, theory is deficient in an appreciation of the transverse and vertical flow structure that mediates shear stress for deep, narrow inner‐channels, which often characterize large bedrock rivers. Here we present the detail of the structure of high Reynolds number flows for bedrock‐controlled rapids of the Mekong River, SE Asia. Distinct filaments of high‐velocity flow, separated by regions of slower flow, occur across channels; the numbers of filaments scale linearly with channel width to maximum‐depth (B/hmax) ratios. Inner‐channels with low ratios (B/hmax < 20) exhibit wall‐effected flow structure. Effects include suppressed maximum velocity filaments due to: (i) significant channel‐transverse flow; (ii) strongly‐sheared vertical flow structure; and (iii) significant underflows. Such complex water column flow patterns largely defy theoretical description. Nonetheless near the bed, the vertical velocity distributions often conform to: (i) ‘law‐of‐the‐wall’ logarithmic theory; or (ii) profiles in the near‐bed region and within the transition to outer flow can be described using a log‐wake function. Consequently, for selected velocity profiles it is possible to derive hydraulic parameters suitable for input to incision models. Chezy‐C values are high, indicating low flow resistance, while bed shear stresses remain competent, even during low‐discharges, to transport cobble bedload across low roughness bedrock surfaces. Thus, as competence is high, no blanketing sediment deposits can develop within inner channels to prevent bedrock erosion. Consequently, within similar high competence systems, incision is probably progressive as long as sediment supply is sustained to abrade the bedrock. The landscape modelling implication is that abrasion in this system is supply‐limited and not limited by flow competence. In contrast, a transport‐limited system is likely to evolve to exhibit an alluvial bed. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of cooking on glycemic index, antioxidant activities, α‐amylase, and α‐glucosidase inhibitory properties of two rice varieties
Authors: Adedayo Bukola C. , Adebayo Adeniyi A. , Nwanna Esther E. , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the influence of cooking on the glycemic index (GI), amylose, and amylopectin contents of two rice varieties. Two rice varieties (foreign long rice and ofada) were sourced for, divided into two, one portion cooked and the other used raw. The sugar, starch, amylose, and amylopectin contents as well as glycemic indices, antioxidant properties, and the ability of the rice to inhibit carbohydrate‐hydrolyzing enzymes (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase) were determined. In addition, polyphenol content was determined. The results revealed that cooking caused a significant increase in starch content of the rice varieties. In the same vein, cooking increases the amylopectin content but has no effect on the amylose content. In addition, cooking shows no effect on polyphenol content but significantly increases radical scavenging ability of rice varieties used in this study. Furthermore, cooking lower the α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory properties of two rice varieties except for foreign rice. However, the inhibitory effect of both cooked and raw foreign and ofada rice on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase coupled with their low GI may explain their important role in controlling blood glucose level.
Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 2‐independent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum in astrocytes
Authors: Okubo Yohei , Kanemaru Kazunori , Suzuki Junji , Kobayashi Kenta , Hirose Kenzo , Iino Masamitsu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that astrocytes are actively involved in the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the brain. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling, especially Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is considered to be crucial for the regulation of astrocytic functions. Mice with genetic deletion of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 2 (IP3R2) are reportedly devoid of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling, and thus widely used to explore the roles of Ca2+ signaling in astrocytic functions. While functional deficits in IP3R2‐knockout (KO) mice have been found in some reports, no functional deficit was observed in others. Thus, there remains a controversy regarding the functional significance of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. To address this controversy, we re‐evaluated the assumption that Ca2+ release from the ER is abolished in IP3R2‐KO astrocytes using a highly sensitive imaging technique. We expressed the ER luminal Ca2+ indicator G‐CEPIA1er in cortical and hippocampal astrocytes to directly visualize spontaneous and stimulus‐induced Ca2+ release from the ER. We found attenuated but significant Ca2+ release in response to application of norepinephrine to IP3R2‐KO astrocytes. This IP3R2‐independent Ca2+ release induced only minimal cytosolic Ca2+ transients but induced robust Ca2+ increases in mitochondria that are frequently in close contact with the ER. These results indicate that ER Ca2+ release is retained and is sufficient to increase the Ca2+ concentration in close proximity to the ER in IP3R2‐KO astrocytes.
Risk analysis for tracheostomy dependency in curatively treated laryngeal cancer with organ preservation
Authors: Anschuetz Lukas , Visini Miranda , Shelan Mohamed , Elicin Olgun , Giger Roland 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundA tracheostomy has an enormous negative impact on the patient's quality of life. The purpose of this study is to describe risk factors for permanent tracheostomies in patients undergoing curative organ‐preserving treatment of laryngeal cancer.MethodsThe charts of all patients with laryngeal cancer diagnosed at our tertiary referral center were reviewed. Cases receiving a tracheostomy before, during, or after primary organ‐preserving treatment were eligible.ResultsA total of 87 patients who underwent tracheostomies were enrolled in the present study. During follow‐up, 48 patients (55%) required a permanent tracheostomy, whereas 39 patients (45%) were decannulated. Multivariate analysis revealed primary radiotherapy (RT; odds ratio [OR] 12.857; P < .001) and recurrence (OR 25.84; P < .001) as independent factors of permanent tracheostomy.ConclusionThis study identifies primary curative RT and tumor relapse as independent risk factors of permanent tracheostomy dependency in patients with laryngeal cancer undergoing a tracheostomy during or after primary curative organ‐preserving treatment.