bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeled Daily Ingested, Absorbed and Bound Phosphorus: New Measures of Mineral Balance in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kapoian Toros , Khalil Steven , O’Mara Neeta B. , Brink Diane M. , Daugirdas John T. 
Published: April 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Control of predialysis serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients is challenging. We explored the utility of a novel kinetic phosphorus modeling program. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> As part of a quality assurance program, urea kinetic modeling results were combined with those from phosphorus kinetic modeling to compute modeled daily ingested phosphorus (DIP) and components making up this metric, including absorbed, bound, and nonabsorbed, nonbound phosphorus. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In 182 hemodialysis patients, DIP averaged 1,089 ± 348 mg/day in men and 934 ± 292 in women (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.002) and correlated substantially with body weight. DIP/kg bodyweight (12.8 ± 3.40 mg/kg) was not significantly different between the sexes. Prescribed equivalent binder dose (EBD) was 4.98 ± 3.61 and 4.53 ± 3.02 g/day in men and women, respectively (p NS). Protein catabolic rate (PCR) was significantly higher in men (64.4 ± 18) g/day vs. women (48.2 ± 15.6, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), and the DIP/PCR ratio was 17.4 ± 4.81 in men vs. 20.1 ± 5.76 in women (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Presence of residual kidney function was associated with a lower prescribed EBD dose (4.08 ± 2.62 vs. 5.38 ± 3.81 g/day, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Self-reported poor binder compliance was associated with higher DIP or DIP/kg as well as higher prescribed EBD. In anuric patients, DIP/kg was increased in patients consuming diets with high phosphate additive content and those reporting poor compliance with the prescribed dose of phosphate binders. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The combination of urea kinetic and phosphorus modeling can be used to estimate measures related to phosphorus intake. High DIP/PCR or DIP/kg body weight values in anuric patients suggest consumption of a diet high in phosphorus additives or noncompliance with the prescribed amount of phosphorus binders.
Analysis Methods in Neural Language Processing: A Survey
Authors: Belinkov Yonatan , Glass James 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe field of natural language processing has seen impressive progress in recent years, with neural network models replacing many of the traditional systems. A plethora of new models have been proposed, many of which are thought to be opaque compared to their feature-rich counterparts. This has led researchers to analyze, interpret, and evaluate neural networks in novel and more fine-grained ways. In this survey paper, we review analysis methods in neural language processing, categorize them according to prominent research trends, highlight existing limitations, and point to potential directions for future work.
The Diorisis Ancient Greek Corpus
Authors: Vatri A. , McGillivray B. 
Published: April 2019

The Diorisis Ancient Greek Corpus is a digital collection of ancient Greek texts (from Homer to the early fifth century ad) compiled for linguistic analyses, and specifically with the purpose of developing a computational model of semantic change in Ancient Greek. The corpus consists of 820 texts sourced from open access digital libraries. The texts have been automatically enriched with morphological information for each word. The automatic assignment of words to the correct dictionary entry (lemmatization) has been disambiguated with the implementation of a part-of-speech tagger (a computer programme that may select the part of speech to which an ambiguous word belongs).
Nomenclatural changes allow for a broadened circumscription of Lophogyne Tul. to reflect a prominent neotropical clade of Podostemaceae (Podostemoideae)
Authors: PHILBRICK C. THOMAS , BOVE CLAUDIA P. 
Published: April 2019

Phylogenetic analyses of neotropical Podostemaceae have identified a strongly supported clade comprised of species representing five genera, three of which are exclusive to the clade (Jenmaniella, Lophogyne, Monostylis). The two other genera (Apinagia, Marathrum) are polyphyletic, with only a subset of species in the clade. The clade has not been recognized taxonomically. Herein a combination of four morphological characters are identified that define the clade: at anthesis the ovary is oriented vertically or obliquely and the flower projects from the ruptured spathella, stamens and tepals occur on only one side of the ovary, and silica bodies are absent from the leaves. Nomenclatural changes are made to transfer all species inclusive to the clade to the genus Lophogyne, which has priority. The broadened circumscription of Lophogyne (i.e., Lophogyne s.l.) is an important element of the developing classification of neotropical Podostemaceae that reflects phylogenetic understanding.
An Evaluation of Hurricane Superintensity in Axisymmetric Numerical Models
Authors: Rousseau-Rizzi Raphaël , Emanuel Kerry 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPotential intensity (PI) is an analytical bound on steady, inviscid, axisymmetric hurricane wind speed. Studies have shown that simulated hurricane azimuthal wind speed can greatly exceed a PI bound on the maximum gradient wind. This disparity is called superintensity (SI) and has been attributed to the contribution of the unbalanced flow to the azimuthal wind. The goals of this study are 1) to introduce a new surface wind PI (PIs), based on a differential Carnot cycle and bounding the magnitude of the surface winds; 2) to evaluate SI in numerical simulations with respect to diagnostic PI bounds on gradient wind (PIg), azimuthal wind (PIa), and surface wind (PIs); and 3) to evaluate the validity of each PI bound based on the SI computations. Here, we define superintensity as the normalized amount by which each version of PI is exceeded by the quantity it bounds. Axisymmetric tropical cyclone simulations are performed while varying the parameterized turbulent mixing as a way of estimating SI in the inviscid limit. As the mixing length decreases, all three bounded wind speeds increase similarly from a sub-PI state to a marginally superintense state. This shows that all three forms of PI evaluated here are good approximations to their respective metrics in numerical simulations.
Dominant Modes of China Summer Heat Waves Driven by Global Sea Surface Temperature and Atmospheric Internal Variability
Authors: Deng Kaiqiang , Yang Song , Ting Mingfang , Zhao Ping , Wang Zunya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study applies the maximum temperatures at more than 2000 Chinese stations to investigate the dominant modes of China summer heat waves (HWs). The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the HW days reflects an increased frequency of HWs in northern China (NC), while the second and third modes represent two distinct interannual modes, with key regions over the Yangtze River valley (YRV) and southern China (SC), respectively. The NC HWs are possibly associated with the Atlantic–Eurasian teleconnection, showing zonally propagating wave trains over the North Atlantic and Eurasian continent. The YRV HWs are proposed to be linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation, which may trigger a southeastward-propagating wave train over northern Russia and East Asia that results in a high pressure anomaly over the YRV. The SC HWs are obviously dominated by the Indian Ocean and northwest Pacific warm SSTs owing to the transition from the preceding El Niño to La Niña, which excites above-normal highs over SC. The anomalously high pressures over NC, the YRV, and SC are usually accompanied by descending air motions, clear skies, decreased precipitation, and increased solar radiation, which jointly cause a drier and hotter soil condition that favors the emergence of HWs. The GFDL HiRAM experiments are able to reproduce the historical evolution of NC and SC HWs, but fail to capture the YRV HWs. The correlation coefficient between model PC1 (PC2) and observed PC1 (PC3) for the period of 1979–2008 is 0.65 (0.38), which significantly exceeds the 95% (90%) confidence level, indicating that this model has a more faithful representation for the SST-forced HWs.
Estimating Four-Dimensional Internal Wave Spectrum in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhao Wei , Yang Qingxuan , Cai Shuqun , Liang Xinfeng , Tian Jiwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInternal waves can transfer energy from large-scale to microscale processes; however, the spectra of these waves remain poorly known. A method that combines modal harmonic decomposition and maximum-likelihood method is proposed in this study to estimate four-dimensional internal wave spectrum using limited mooring observations. Using this method, a four-dimensional internal wave spectrum was obtained for the first time based on the mooring measurements collected during the South China Sea (SCS) Internal Wave Experiment in July 2014. The spectrum was then validated by comparing with the spectrum based on Fourier analysis and with the modified Garrett–Munk internal wave spectrum, respectively. The power of the internal wave spectrum decreased obviously with increasing frequency and wavenumber, with a falloff rate of ω−2 beyond tidal frequencies, and with falloff rates of and for horizontal and vertical wavenumbers, respectively. In addition, at a fixed frequency and vertical wavenumber, the propagation direction and phase speed of internal waves can be obtained through the four-dimensional spectrum. In summary, we verified the feasibility of estimating four-dimensional internal wave spectrum using limited mooring observations in this study, and the method we proposed should be applicable to other regions where such mooring observations are available.
Comparison of monoexponential, intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging for assessment of hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Yoon Jeong Hee , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Kyung Bun , Kim Dongeun , Kabasawa Hiroyuki , Han Joon Koo 
Published: April 2019

Background Hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic, reversible process which can result in liver failure. Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic fibrosis are clinically important. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and monoexponential diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to detect clinically significant fibrosis (≥ F2). Material and Methods This retrospective study was approved by Institutional Review Board and the requirement of informed consent was waived. One hundred and six patients were included who underwent liver multiple b-value DWI (10 b-values at 0–1000 s/mm2) at 1.5 T and were histologically diagnosed with hepatic fibrosis. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), DKI-derived apparent kurtosis ( Kapp) and diffusivity ( Dapp), and IVIM-derived true diffusion ( Dt), pseudodiffusion ( D*), and perfusion fraction ( f) were compared between no or early fibrosis (F0–1, n = 19) and clinically significant fibrosis (≥ F2, n = 87). Diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results F2–4 had a significantly lower D* (59.9±16.3 vs. 86.2±21.0 [×10−3 mm2/s]) and Dapp (3.46±0.79 vs. 4.07 ± 0.76 [×10−3 mm2/s]) but higher Kapp (1.10±0.18 vs. 0.98±0.12) than F0–1 ( P < 0.01). ADC, Dt, and f did not show significant difference between two groups ( P > 0.05). The area under the ROC curve for diagnosis of clinically significant fibrosis (≥ F2) was significantly larger in D* (0.89; 95% CI = 0.81–0.94) than Dapp (0.73; 95% CI = 0.63–0.81) and Kapp (0.75; 95% CI = 0.65–0.83) ( P = 0.017 and 0.012, respectively). Conclusion IVIM-DWI might be more suitable for detecting hepatic fibrosis than the monoexponential and kurtosis model, and D* showed a better diagnostic performance to detect clinically significant fibrosis than other parameters.
Impact of tumor site on the prognosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma
Authors: Falcone Rosa , Romiti Adriana , Filetti Marco , Roberto Michela , Righini Riccardo , Botticelli Andrea , Pilozzi Emanuela , Ghidini Michele , Pizzo Claudio , Mazzuca Federica , Marchetti Paolo 
Published: April 2019

Background: Because of a lack of large-scale prospective studies there is no clear indication about the management of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA). This study evaluated clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with SBA at our institution. Methods: Clinicopathologic features, treatments, and clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with SBA between 2006 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Median time of survival was calculated and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression was used to test independence of significant factors in univariate analysis. Results: Forty patients were included in the study; the majority (82.5%) had a tumor in the duodenum (including ampulla of Vater) and an early stage disease at the diagnosis. Median overall survival (OS) in the whole study population was 26.5 months. Patients with a tumor of the lower part of the small intestine (jejunum, ileum, and appendix) showed a better OS compared with that of patients with upper SBA (40 months vs 26 months, respectively; P=0.09). Primary tumor site and stage were independent predictors of OS. Conclusions: Our results suggest a prognostic role for the primary tumor site. This finding deserves to be further investigated to ensure better classification as well as more effective management strategies for SBA.
Fulminant blast crisis with de novo 11q23 rearrangement in a Philadelphia-positive CML patient undergoing treatment with dasatinib
Authors: Janjetovic Snjezana , Asemissen Anne Marie , Dicker Frank , Binder Mascha , Dierlamm Judith , Bokemeyer Carsten , Schafhausen Philippe 
Published: April 2019

Background: Progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is frequently accompanied by cytogenetic evolution, with an extra copy of the Philadelphia chromosome, trisomy 8 and 19, and isochromosome (17p) commonly detected. Translocations involving 11q23 chromosomal region have been rarely reported in CML. The few reported patients with blast crisis (BC) of CML carrying an 11q rearrangement have insufficient responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and possess a poor prognosis. Case report: We report the case of a 30-year-old man with CML who had a fulminant myeloid BC 4 months after initiation of first-line therapy with the TKI dasatinib, despite showing an optimal response at the 3-month timepoint. Despite cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea and 3rd-generation TKI ponatinib, the patient died within 10 days after the diagnosis of BC. Cytogenetic analyses revealed additional genetic aberrations including trisomy 8 and t(9;11)(p21;q23) involving the mixed lineage leukemia ( MLL) gene. Conclusion: The presence of 11q23 rearrangements in the relapse clone in BC of CML most likely accounts for the adverse clinical outcome. Thus, in the case of rapid and unexpected BC, the presence of 11q rearrangements should be tested together with other additional chromosomal alterations, and immediate addition of chemotherapy to the TKIs should be evaluated.
Surgical Approaches in Total Hip Arthroplasty Cost Per Case Analysis: A Retrospective, Matched, Micro-costing Analysis in a Socialised Healthcare System
Authors: Sharma Rajrishi , Abdulla Irafan , Fairgrieve-Park Lewis , Mahdavi Saboura , Burkart Brian , Bakal Jeffrey 
Published: April 2019

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) offers an effective method of pain relief and restoration of function for patients with end-stage arthritis. The anterior approach (AA) claims to benefit patients with decreased pain, increased mobilisation and decreasing length of hospital stay (LOS). In a socialised healthcare platform we questioned whether the AA, compared to posterior (PA) and lateral (LA) approaches, can decrease the cost burden. Methods: Using a retrospective matched cohort study, we matched 69 AA patients to 69 LA and 69 PA patients for age ( p = 0.99), gender ( p = 0.99) and number of pre-surgical risk factors ( p = 0.99). First, we used the Resource Intensity Weights (RIW) using the Health Services agreed on method of calculating cost. Secondly, micro-costing analysis was performed using the financial services data for each patient’s hospital stay. Results: Using the RIW based cost analysis and 2-day reduction (95% CI 1.8–2.4) in LOS, the AA offers an estimated savings per case of $4099 ( p < 0.001) compared to the LA and PA. Using micro-costing analysis, we found a total saving of $1858.00 per case (95% CI 1391–2324) when comparing the AA to the PA and LA. There was a statistically significant cost savings using every category: Net Direct Salary ($901.00, p < 0.001), Net Drug ($8.00, p = 0.003), Patient Supply ($454.00, p = 0.001), Patient Drug ($15.00, p = 0.008), Indirect Cost ($385.00, p < 0.001), Patient Care Administration ($106.00, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the AA saved 142 minutes of in-hospital rehabilitation time. Conclusion: The AA THA provides statistically significant reductions in cost compared to PA and LA while releasing rehabilitation resources.
Cooking Frequency Associated With Dietary Quality in iCook-4H Youth Participants at Baseline
Authors: Ford Amber D , Colby Sarah E , McElrone Marissa , Franzen-Castle Lisa , Olfert Melissa D , Kattelmann Kendra K , White Adrienne A 
Published: April 2019

Background: Increased intakes of ready-made and fast foods paralleled with decreased homemade food consumption have been associated with increased rates of obesity. Researchers have shown associations between cooking self-efficacy (SE) and cooking frequency (CF) with dietary quality and weight status. Some cooking interventions have shown positive associations with dietary outcomes, such as increased fruit and vegetable intake and decreased fast food consumption. There is still much unknown about SE and CF, especially among youth. Objective: Determine baseline SE and CF and the associations with dietary quality and body mass index (BMI) of youth enrolled in iCook 4H. Methods: Youth (n = 228, ages 9-10 years) completed online surveys assessing SE, CF, dietary quality, and demographics. Anthropometrics were collected to calculate BMI-for-age percentiles and weight categories. Descriptive statistics were completed for CF, SE, BMI categories, and demographics. Differences in CF and SE by sex, race, and participation in government assistance programs were determined through independent-sample t tests. Pearson correlations were used to assess the association between dietary quality and CF and SE. Associations between CF and dietary quality were assessed further through 2-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) that included CF and sex and CF and race as independent variables. Associations between SE and CF and BMI were assessed through ANOVAs. Results: Thirty-seven percent of youth were overweight or obese. Females reported significantly higher CF than males ( P = .042). Cooking frequency was positively associated with dietary quality ( P < .001), but BMI was not associated with dietary quality. SE was not associated with dietary quality or BMI. Conclusion: Based on results, CF was positively associated with dietary quality among youth. More research is needed to assess how different types of cooking relate to diet and BMI. Interventions are needed to determine whether increasing CF leads to better diet outcomes.
Prevalence and Severity of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Early- Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Baillon Sarah , Gasper Amy , Wilson-Morkeh Frances , Pritchard Megan , Jesu Amala , Velayudhan Latha 
Published: April 2019

Background: The study aimed to compare neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in people with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). Methods: Fifty-six participants with LOAD and 24 participants with EOAD having mild dementia were assessed for NPS for their frequency, severity, and caregiver distress as measured by Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI) along with assessments of cognition and functional dependence. Results: Participants with EOAD and LOAD were not significantly different for total NPI score ( P = .057). Early-onset Alzheimer disease had greater prevalence of all the NPS except apathy. Participants with EOAD were significantly worse on anxiety ( P = .03), irritability ( P = .01), and sleep ( P < .01) subscales and their carers significantly more distressed by their irritability ( P = .002) and sleeping patterns ( P = .005). Regression analysis showed that higher NPI score was associated with longer duration of illness in EOAD and higher functional dependence in LOAD. Conclusions: The NPS severity was similar between EOAD and LOAD although EOAD had higher symptom prevalence and carer distress.
Analysis of pulmonary hypertension patient survival after treatment in referral center (data of first Ukrainian register)
Authors: Radchenko Ganna D. , Zhyvylo Iryna O. , Sirenko Yuriy M. 
Published: April 2019

The aims of the study were: (1) to evaluate the Ukrainian reality of survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH); and (2) to determine predictors of death. A total of 281 patients were enrolled (52 [18.5%] with CTEPH, 229 [81.5%] with PAH). Long‐term survival (Kaplan–Meier) and its predictors (Stepwise binary logistic regression and Cox's proportional hazards analyses) were evaluated in adult patients with PH (diagnosed by right heart catheterization [RHC]) within a prospective registry at a single referral center in Kyiv, Ukraine. Follow‐up period was up to 51 months. The Kaplan–Meier survival rate for the total cohort was 93.3%, 86.8%, and 81.5% at one, two, and three years, respectively. Survival was better in patients with congenital heart diseases (CHD) in comparison with idiopathic PAH (long rank P = 0.002), connective tissue diseases (CTD; long rank P = 0.001) and CTEPH (long rank P = 0.04). Univariate Cox's predictors of death were: functional class IV (odds ratio [OR] = 4.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.12–11.48), presence of ascites (OR = 4.52; 95% CI = 2.21–9.24), PAH‐CTD (OR = 3.07; 95% CI = 1.07–8.87), PAH‐CHD (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.11–0.68), HR on treatment > 105 beats per min (OR = 7.85; 95% CI = 1.83–33.69), office systolic BP < 100 mmHg (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.26–6.1), 6MWT on treatment < 340 m (OR = 3.47; 95% CI = 1.01–12.35), NT‐proBNP > 300 pg/mL (OR = 4.98; 95% CI = 1.49–16.6), right atrium square > 22 cm2 (OR = 14.2; 95% CI = 1.92–104.89), right ventricular square in diastole (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.03–1.14), right ventricular square in systole (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02–1.11), mean pressure in right atrium per each 1‐mmHg increase (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.02–1.19). In multivariate Cox regression analyses only presence of ascites, office systolic BP < 100 mmHg, CHD etiology of PH, and NT‐proBNP > 300 pg/mL were associated with survival.