bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALIMENTARY CANCERS IN NEW SOUTH WALES, 1973–82
Authors: MCCREDIE MARGARET , COATES MARYLON , FORD JOYCE M. 
Published: March 2019

Incidence and mortality data from New South Wales (nsw) for 1973–82 were examined using log‐linear regression to determine the temporal trends of cancers of the alimentary tract. There were significant increases in incidence of cancers of the colon (1.7%/year), rectum (2.6%/year), and liver (4.0%/year) and decreases for cancers of the oesophagus (−2.2%/year) and stomach (−1.4%/year). By contrast, the mortality decreased significantly for cancers of the colon (−1.0%/year) and pancreas (−1.4%/year) as well as for cancers of the oesophagus (−3.4%/year) and stomach (−4.1%/year).Cancers of the colon, rectum and oesophagus were generally less frequent, and cancer of the stomach was more frequent, among migrants to NSW than among the native‐born Australians in NSW. This pattern was most evident in migrants from Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia and England and was absent in migrants from Scotland and New Zealand.When compared with the state as a whole, rural NSW had significantly lower incidences of cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, colon and rectum.
“Fixing” Climate Change by Mortgaging the Future: Negative Emissions, Spatiotemporal Fixes, and the Political Economy of Delay
Authors: Carton Wim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractModels suggest that climate change mitigation now depends on negative emissions, i.e. the large‐scale removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This assumption has been criticised in the climate policy literature for being unfeasible and unjust. This article asks how critical scholars can make sense of, and contribute to these debates. It suggests that negative emissions can be conceived of as a spatiotemporal fix that promises to defer the devaluation of fixed capital. But the negative emissions example also challenges us to broaden our conception of how the socioecological contradictions of capitalism can be “fixed”. I outline three ways in which it does this by highlighting the significance of a predominantly temporal fix, the role of hegemonic, sociopolitical interventions involving multiple actors, and the possibility of safeguarding existing production processes. I conclude that spatiotemporal fixes to climate change should be seen as part of a wider political economy of delay in devaluing carbon‐intensive accumulation processes.
Evaluation of retinal nonperfusion in branch retinal vein occlusion using wide‐field optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Shiraki Akihiko , Sakimoto Susumu , Tsuboi Kotaro , Wakabayashi Taku , Hara Chikako , Fukushima Yoko , Sayanagi Kaori , Nishida Kentaro , Sakaguchi Hirokazu , Nishida Kohji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo characterize wide‐field optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) features of retinal nonperfusion in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).MethodsAutomated scanning of five 12 × 12‐mm areas of swept‐source OCTA and wide‐field fluorescein angiography (FA) images was performed in a consecutive case series of 27 eyes in 27 patients with BRVO in this institutional cross‐sectional study. The correlation between the areas of retinal nonperfusion detected by both examinations was assessed. Panoramic images obtained in five 12 × 12‐mm OCTA scans in eyes with retinal nonperfusion were binarized or skeletonized, and the associations between vascular parameters such as vascular density (VD) and vascular length (VL) with the wide‐field FA characteristics were evaluated.ResultsThe mean area of retinal nonperfusion in the OCTA images was 81.0 ± 66.8 mm2 (range, 0.0–188.8). The mean areas of retinal nonperfusion in FA and the total FA images were, respectively, 84.7 ± 72.5 mm2 (range, 0.0–221.9) and 184.1 ± 167.7 mm2 (range, 0.0–515.0). The mean VD was 27.6 ± 3.5% (range, 19.6–33.7), and the mean VL was 12.4 ± 8.5% (range, 5.4–31.3). Separate regression analyses of the areas of retinal nonperfusion in FA (p = 0.0004, R2 = 0.4627) and the total FA (p = 0.0008, R2 = 0.4214) images showed a significant association with the VL.ConclusionsOCTA images based on wide‐field technologies can quantitatively evaluate retinal nonperfusion in eyes with BRVO.
Towards better diagnostic criteria for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome
Authors: Renko Marjo , Lantto Ulla , Tapiainen Terhi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimPeriodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common cause of a periodic fever in childhood. The exact pathogenesis and the aetiology of PFAPA are still unknown.MethodsWe conducted a non‐systematic review of published articles about PFAPA syndrome and summarised the evidence for diagnostic criteria and treatment options for PFAPA.ResultsThe first proposed diagnostic criteria for PFAPA, in addition to periodic fever, included aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or cervical lymphadenitis in children younger than five years at the beginning of the symptoms. C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and leucocyte counts increase in most patients during episodes. Recent research reveals that tonsillectomy provides an immediate and long‐lasting cure for PFAPA, even in the absence of classic criteria of aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or cervical adenitis and in children older than five years.ConclusionWe suggest that PFAPA can be diagnosed in children with at least five regularly occurring fever episodes without any other explanation, even in the absence of aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or cervical lymphadenitis and also in children older than five years.
The link between rejection sensitivity and borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Foxhall Mia , Hamilton‐Giachritsis Catherine , Button Katherine 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivePeople with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) may experience heightened rejection sensitivity (RS), a disposition developing from repeated childhood rejecting experiences. It is not known whether the full RS model accounts for the cognitive–affective experiences common in BPD. This systematic review extends upon previous reviews, firstly by assessing the link between childhood rejecting experiences and adult RS, and secondly by considering the link between BPD and RS in both non‐clinical and clinical samples.MethodTwo research questions were devised, and searches based on predetermined criteria were conducted using PsycNET, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Data were extracted by one researcher and 20% was inter‐rated, with high levels of agreement. Forty‐three papers were systematically reviewed, and 31 included in meta‐analysis and meta‐regression.ResultsStudies assessing the link between childhood rejection and RS are limited; however, emotional abuse and neglect appears linked with RS. Pooled effect sizes suggest RS is linked with BPD (r = .326), with strong effect sizes when comparing clinical and control samples (r = .655). Qualitative synthesis suggests this may be mediated by executive control, although further research is required. The small number of studies considering the full RS model with regard to BPD suggests the interaction between emotional abuse and neglect affects rejection sensitivity; however, outcomes are inconsistent.ConclusionsChildhood rejection, particularly emotional abuse and neglect, appears to be linked to rejection sensitivity, and rejection sensitivity is linked to BPD. However, this may not be linear. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.Practitioner points

Rejection sensitivity is consistently linked with BPD, in clinical and non‐clinical samples. Supporting mentalization or improved theory of mind may offer a therapeutic target for this disposition.

Considering the causes and effects of rejection sensitivity may offer a non‐blaming explanation of interpersonal difficulties in BPD and could be utilized as part of formulation and the therapeutic relationship.

However, the possible interaction between emotional abuse and neglect and rejection sensitivity suggests rejection sensitivity is not always apparent for people with BPD. Idiosyncratic formulation should consider this.

The literature included in the review is limited to Western populations with a high proportion of females, which may limit generalizability.

Measures of rejection sensitivity included in the review were restricted to self‐report, which may be subject to bias. Furthermore, measures of childhood rejection were retrospective in nature due to the exclusion of child samples. Further research should consider longitudinal and observational study designs.
Adults with intellectual disability and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical characteristics and medication profiles
Authors: Al‐Khudairi Rashed , Perera Bhathika , Solomou Solomis , Courtenay Ken 
Published: March 2019

Accessible summary

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often missed/underdiagnosed in people with intellectual disability compared to people without intellectual disability.

The presence of intellectual disability, autism and challenging behaviour should raise the suspicion of ADHD as comorbid neurodevelopmental disorder.

Treatment of ADHD in people with intellectual disability may reduce the need for antipsychotic medications.

AbstractThe diagnosis of ADHD is often missed or misdiagnosed in people with intellectual disability. Despite a significant growth in literature on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in people without intellectual disability, there have been few studies on ADHD in people with intellectual disability. In this paper, we describe a group of adults with intellectual disability and ADHD disorder open to a specialist community intellectual disability service. We examined the frequency and dose of antipsychotic use and considered whether ADHD disorder medication is associated with a reduced use of psychotropic medication. The study found a high incidence of autism in people with intellectual disability and ADHD. Men with intellectual disability were given the diagnosis of ADHD more often compared to women with intellectual disability. Only 64% of people with ADHD and intellectual disability taking ADHD medication were on antipsychotic medications compared to 93% of people with ADHD and intellectual disability without ADHD medications. This generates several hypotheses such as whether antipsychotic medications are prescribed to control ADHD symptoms, whether use of ADHD medications can reduce the use of antipsychotic medications and/or whether antipsychotics are used to treat underlying psychiatric comorbidities in people with ADHD. Randomised controlled trials are needed to answer the question whether use of ADHD medication reduces the use of antipsychotic medication in people with intellectual disability and ADHD. Further studies are also needed to explore reason for not using ADHD medication in certain patients with ADHD and intellectual disability and what treatment options are effective in treating psychiatric comorbidities in people with ADHD and intellectual disability.
Mitochondrial transport serves as a mitochondrial quality control strategy in axons: Implications for central nervous system disorders
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Rong , Zhang Xiang‐Nan , Chen Zhong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAxonal mitochondrial quality is essential for neuronal health and functions. Compromised mitochondrial quality, reflected by loss of membrane potential, collapse of ATP production, abnormal morphology, burst of reactive oxygen species generation, and impaired Ca2+ buffering capacity, can alter mitochondrial transport. Mitochondrial transport in turn maintains axonal mitochondrial homeostasis in several ways. Newly generated mitochondria are anterogradely transported along with axon from soma to replenish axonal mitochondrial pool, while damaged mitochondria undergo retrograde transport for repair or degradation. Besides, mitochondria are also arrested in axon to quarantine damages locally. Accumulating evidence suggests abnormal mitochondrial transport leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and axon degeneration in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Further investigations into the details of this process would help to extend our understanding of various neurological diseases and shed light on the corresponding therapies.
Genetically informed captive breeding of hybrids of an extinct species of Galapagos tortoise
Authors: Quinzin Maud C. , Sandoval‐Castillo Jonathan , Miller Joshua M. , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Russello Michael A. , Hunter Elizabeth A. , Gibbs James P. , Tapia Washington , Villalva Freddy , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHybridization poses a major challenge for species conservation because it threatens both genetic integrity and adaptive potential. Yet, hybridization can occasionally offer unprecedented opportunity for species recovery if the genome of an extinct taxon is present among living hybrids such that selective breeding could recapture it. We explored the design elements for establishing a captive‐breeding program for Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.) built around individuals with admixed ancestry involving an extinct species. The target individuals were hybrids between the extinct species from Floreana Island, C. niger, and an extant species, C. becki, which were recently found in the endemic range of C. becki, from Wolf Volcano on Isabela Island. We combined genotypic data from 35 tortoises with high ancestry from C. niger with forward‐in‐time simulations to explore captive breeding strategies that maximized overall genetic diversity and ancestry from C. niger while accommodating resource constraints, species biology, and the urgency to return tortoises to Floreana Island for facilitating ecosystem restoration. Overall genetic diversity was maximized when in the simulation tortoises were organized in relatively small breeding groups. Substantial amounts of the C. niger genome were captured despite limited resources available for selectively breeding tortoises in captivity. Genetic diversity was maximized when captive‐bred offspring were released to the wild rather than being used as additional breeders. Our results provide genetic‐based and practical guidance on the inclusion of hybrids with genomic representation from extinct taxa into species restoration programs and informs the ongoing debate on the value of hybrids in biodiversity conservation.
Space Trumps Time When Talking About Objects
Authors: Griffiths Debra , Bester Andre , Coventry Kenny R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe nature of the relationship between the concepts of space and time in the human mind is much debated. Some claim that space is primary and that it structures time (cf. Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) while others (cf. Walsh, 2003) maintain no difference in status between them. Using fully immersive virtual reality (VR), we examined the influence of object distance and time of appearance on choice of demonstratives (this and that) to refer to objects. Critically, demonstratives can be used spatially (this/that red triangle) and temporally (this/that month). Experiment 1 showed a pattern of demonstrative usage in VR that is consistent with results found in real‐world studies. Experiments 2, 3, and 4 manipulated both when and where objects appeared, providing scenarios where participants were free to use demonstratives in either a temporal or spatial sense. Although we find evidence for time of presentation affecting object mention, the experiments found that demonstrative choice was affected only by distance. These results support the view that spatial uses of demonstratives are privileged over temporal uses.
Invasive Aspergillosis in solid‐organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Husain Shahid , Camargo Jose F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThese updated AST‐IDCOP guidelines provide information on epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Aspergillus after organ transplantation. Aspergillus is the most common invasive mold infection in solid‐organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and it is the most common invasive fungal infection among lung transplant recipients. Time from transplant to diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) is variable, but most cases present within the first year post‐transplant, with shortest time to onset among liver and heart transplant recipients. The overall 12‐week mortality of IA in SOT exceeds 20%; prognosis is worse among those with central nervous system involvement or disseminated disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan is preferred for the diagnosis of IA in lung and non‐lung transplant recipients, in combination with other diagnostic modalities (eg, chest CT scan, culture). Voriconazole remains the drug of choice to treat IA, with isavuconazole and lipid formulations of amphotericin B regarded as alternative agents. The role of combination antifungals for primary therapy of IA remains controversial. Either universal prophylaxis or preemptive therapy is recommended in lung transplant recipients, whereas targeted prophylaxis is favored in liver and heart transplant recipients. In these guidelines, we also discuss newer antifungals and diagnostic tests, antifungal susceptibility testing, and special patient populations.
Tissue and blood protozoa including toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, Babesia, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, and Naegleria in solid organ transplant recipients— Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: La Hoz Ricardo M. , Morris Michele I. ,   the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation
Published: March 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of tissue and blood protozoal infections in the pre‐ and post‐transplant period. Significant new developments in the field have made it necessary to divide the previous single guideline published in 2013 into two sections, with the intestinal parasites separated from this guideline devoted to tissue and blood protozoa. The current update reflects the increased focus on donor screening and risk‐based recipient monitoring for parasitic infections. Increased donor testing has led to new recommendations for recipient management of Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecular diagnostics have impacted the field, with access to rapid diagnostic testing for malaria and polymerase chain reaction testing for Leishmania. Changes in Babesia treatment regimens in the immunocompromised host are outlined. The risk of donor transmission of free‐living amebae infection is reviewed. Changing immigration patterns and the expansion of transplant medicine in developing countries has contributed to the recognition of parasitic infections as an important threat to transplant outcomes. Medications such as benznidazole and miltefosine are now available to US prescribers as access to treatment of tissue and blood protozoa is increasingly prioritized.
Screening of donor and candidate prior to solid organ transplantation—Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Malinis Maricar , Boucher Helen W. ,   on behalf of the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis updated section of the guideline from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation reviews the screening of donor and candidate prior to solid organ transplantation. Screening of donor and candidate is vital for optimizing post‐transplant outcomes. Risk assessment based on detailed history and appropriate diagnostic evaluation is essential. Serologic screening for certain viral infections is important and aids in immunization counseling and risk mitigation of recipients. In addition to serology, nucleic acid testing for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus has been required for deceased and living donors. Certain endemic exposure may warrant additional evaluation beyond recommended standard testing. Diagnosed infection in the donor or recipient warrants treatment as well as additional testing and/or prophylaxis to mitigate risk for post‐transplant complications. Certain infections in the immediate pre‐transplant period may warrant delay of transplantation.
Real‐world prevalence of the inclusion criteria for the LEADER trial: Data from a national general practice network
Authors: Hinton William , Feher Michael , Munro Neil , Walker Megan , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore the prevalence and describe the clinical characteristics of people with type 2 diabetes with a similar cardiovascular (CV) profile to that of the LEADER trial participants in a primary care setting in England.Materials and methodsIn this cross‐sectional analysis, using the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network database, we identified people with type 2 diabetes meeting the LEADER inclusion criteria. We identified people's CV risk factors using computerized medical records. Additionally, we assessed the prescription pattern of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) in this cohort.ResultsOf 1 275 461 adults, we identified 84 394 with type 2 diabetes, of whom 14 000 (16.6%) met the LEADER inclusion criteria for established or high‐risk CV disease (RCGP RSC‐CVD group). The LEADER cohort was younger than the RCGP RSC‐CVD group (64.2 vs 73.2 years), had higher mean glycated haemoglobin (71.6 vs 67.1 mmol/mol) and blood pressure (BP) values (systolic BP: 135.9 vs 132.9 mmHg; diastolic BP: 77.2 vs 72.7 mmHg), and a higher mean body mass index (32.5 vs 30.9 kg/m2). In the RCGP RSC‐CVD group, only 1215 people (8.7%) had ever been prescribed a GLP‐1RA and 760 (5.4%) had ever received liraglutide.ConclusionsIn a cohort of English general practice patients, one in six people with type 2 diabetes met the LEADER inclusion criteria, and less than one in 10 of these received liraglutide, a drug which has demonstrated CV benefits amongst others. There is scope to improve the outlook in people with type 2 diabetes and high CV risk through evidence‐based use of specific GLP‐1RAs.