bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple and Easy Technique for Imaging the Fetal Esophagus in the First, Second, and Third Trimesters Using the Transverse Section of the Esophagus in the Area Behind the Heart as a Reference Point
Authors: Venkatesh Priti 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo describe and evaluate a simple technique of imaging the fetal esophagus, using the echogenic transverse section of the esophagus in the area behind the heart as a reference point, in all the 3 trimesters of pregnancy.MethodThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study of ultrasound imaging of the esophagus in 2 groups of patients: the first group comprised women at 18 to 30 weeks' gestation (208 fetuses); the second group comprised women at 11 to 14 weeks' gestation (102 fetuses). Using a 3‐ to 5‐MHz curvilinear transducer, the transverse section of the collapsed esophagus was imaged in the area behind the heart. The probe was rotated 90 degrees to identify the longitudinal section of the esophagus which was then traced along its entire length.ResultThis study shows that the collapsed, echogenic, transverse section of the esophagus was persistently seen in the area behind the heart, in more than 99% of fetuses in both the groups. It was a useful starting point to image the longitudinal section of the esophagus in both the groups, particularly in the 18 ‐ 30 week group. Using this technique, the entire length of the esophagus could be traced in 92.3% of 18 ‐ 30 week fetuses and 88.23% of the 11 ‐ 14 week fetuses.ConclusionA collapsed transverse section of the esophagus was persistently and easily seen as a bright echogenic structure in the area behind the heart in more than 99% of fetuses in all 3 trimesters (in both the groups) and, therefore, was an ideal starting point to begin tracing the esophagus in its longitudinal axis.
Ground Beef High in Total Fat and Saturated Fatty Acids Decreases X Receptor Signaling Targets in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Men and Women
Authors: Choi Seong H. , Gharahmany Ghazal , Walzem Rosemary L. , Meade Thomas H. , Smith Stephen B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe hypothesized that consumption of saturated fatty acids in the form of high‐fat ground beef for 5 weeks would depress liver X receptor signaling targets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and that changes in gene expression would be associated with the corresponding changes in lipoprotein cholesterol (C) concentrations. Older men (n = 5, age 68.0 ± 4.6 years) and postmenopausal women (n = 7, age 60.9 ± 3.1 years) were assigned randomly to consume ground‐beef containing 18% total fat (18F) or 25% total fat (25F), five patties per week for 5 weeks with an intervening 4‐week washout period. The 25F and 18F ground‐beef increased (p < 0.05) the intake of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, but the 25F ground‐beef increased only the intake of oleic acid (p < 0.05). The ground‐beefs 18F and 25F increased the plasma concentration of palmitic acid (p < 0.05) and decreased the plasma concentrations of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenic acids (p < 0.05). The interventions of 18F and 25F ground‐beef decreased very low‐density lipoprotein C concentrations and increased particle diameters and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐I‐C and LDL‐II‐C concentrations (p < 0.05). The ground‐beef 25F decreased PBMC mRNA levels for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette A, ATP binding cassette G1, sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1, and LDL receptor (LDLR) (p < 0.05). The ground‐beef 18F increased mRNA levels for stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (p < 0.05). We conclude that the increased LDL particle size and LDL‐I‐C and LDL‐II‐C concentrations following the 25F ground‐beef intervention may have been caused by decreased hepatic LDLR gene expression.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact of Donor‐Specific Alloantibodies After Adult Liver Transplantation
Authors: Vandevoorde Katia , Ducreux Stéphanie , Bosch Alexie , Guillaud Olivier , Hervieu Valérie , Chambon‐Augoyard Christine , Poinsot Domitille , André Patrice , Scoazec Jean‐Yves , Robinson Philip , Boillot Olivier , Dubois Valérie , Dumortier Jérôme 
Published: April 2018

The incidence and impact of anti–human leukocyte antigen donor‐specific alloantibodies (DSAs) developing after liver transplantation (LT) remains controversial and not extensively studied. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of DSAs, to identify risk factors for the development of DSAs, and to understand the impact of DSAs in a large population of adult LT recipients. This single‐center retrospective study included all adult patients who underwent a first LT between 2000 and 2010 in our center. The study population mainly consisted of male patients, the mean age was 52.4 years, and the main indication was alcoholic cirrhosis (54.1%). From the 297 patients included in the cross‐sectional study, 14 (4.7%) had preformed DSAs, and 59 (19.9%) presented de novo DSAs (12.2% at 1 year, 13.4% at 5 years, and 19.5% at 10 years). Multivariate analysis found that female donor sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐2.01; P = 0.01) and delay between LT and DSA screening (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.20; P = 0.03) were associated with occurrence of de novo DSAs. From the 190 patients included in the subgroup longitudinal analysis, exposure to tacrolimus (mean trough level during the periods 0‐2 years and 0‐3 years) was significantly lower for patients having DSAs at 5 years. Concerning histology, only acute rejection (P = 0.04) and portal fibrosis ≥2 (P = 0.02) were more frequent at 1 year for patients with DSAs. Patient survival and graft survival were not significantly different according to the presence or not of DSAs at 1 year. Among the 44 patients who had de novo or persistent preformed DSAs, the diagnosis of antibody‐mediated rejection was made in 4 (9.1%) patients after 1, 47, 61, and 74 months following LT. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that DSAs are observed in a minority of LT adult patients, with limited overall impact on graft and patient outcome.
Hemostatic and Absorbent PolyHIPE–Kaolin Composites for 3D Printable Wound Dressing Materials
Authors: Streifel Benjamin C. , Lundin Jeffrey G. , Sanders Allix M. , Gold Karli A. , Wilems Thomas S. , Williams Sierra J. , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth , Wynne James H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel hemostatic and absorbent wound dressing material compatible with 3D printing is developed to address deficiencies in current wound dressing protocol. The design involves an open celled, microporous hydrogel foam via a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template with biocompatible components and tunable hemostatic character by kaolin loading, the viscosity and cure kinetics of which are tailored for 3D printing applications. The use of nontoxic mineral oil organic phase results in cytocompatability with human dermal fibroblasts. Kaolin distribution is shown by X‐ray diffraction and elemental dispersive spectroscopy to be exfoliated and dispersed in the hydrogel dressing. In addition to demonstrating high fluid absorption and noncytotoxicity of relevant cell lines, the high internal phase emulsion polymers (polyHIPEs) also match the hemostatic performance of commercial wound dressing materials. Furthermore, the polyHIPEs display the requisite rheological properties for 3D printing that result in the fabrication of a prototype dressing with hierarchical porosity and a large number of controllable form factors.
Base Catalyzed Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry toward Inner CHCF Bonds for Controlled Functionalization of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Tan Shaobo , Li Dan , Zhang Yanan , Niu Zhijing , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA facile and controlled base catalyzed thiol–ene click chemistry toward electron‐deficient CHCF double bonds in poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF (P(VDF‐DB)) is reported in present contribution for the first time. The addition reaction is carefully conducted under varied conditions including at the elevated temperature, in the different solvents, and with the altered catalysts and thiols. The addition reaction is well confirmed to follow the base catalyzed route and exhibits close dependence onto the reaction conditions. Besides the addition reaction, the other two side reactions catalyzed by alkylamines, including the further main chain degradation of P(VDF‐DB) substrates together with the nucleophilic substitution of thiols to CHCF units, can be completely avoided by choosing a catalyst with a proper pKa value. With respect to the universality and well controlled feature of the reaction, the low cost and readily prepared P(VDF‐DB) substrate and the mild reaction conditions, this strategy may offer a robust tool for attaching various functional groups into PVDF side chain.
On the finite axiomatizability of
Authors: Pollett Chris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe question of whether the bounded arithmetic theoriesandare equal is closely connected to the complexity question of whetheris equal to. In this paper, we examine the still open question of whether the prenex version of,, is equal to. We give new dependent choice‐based axiomatizations of the‐consequences ofand. Our dependent choice axiomatizations give new normal forms for the‐consequences ofand. We use these axiomatizations to give an alternative proof of the finite axiomatizability ofand to show new results such asis finitely axiomatized and that there is a finitely axiomatized theory,, containingand contained in. On the other hand, we show that our theory forsplits into a natural infinite hierarchy of theories. We give a diagonalization result that stems from our attempts to separate the hierarchy for.
Normal forms, linearity, and prime algebraicity over nonflat domains
Authors: Karádais Basil A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing representations of nonflat Scott domains to model type systems, it is natural to wish that they be “linear”, in which case the complexity of the fundamental test for entailment of information drops from exponential to linear, the corresponding mathematical theory becomes much simpler, and moreover has ties to models of computation arising in the study of sequentiality, concurrency, and linear logic. Earlier attempts to develop a fully nonflat semantics based on linear domain representations for a rich enough type system allowing inductive types, were designed in a way that felt rather artificial, as it featured certain awkward and counter‐intuitive properties; eventually, the focus turned on general, nonlinear representations. Here we try to turn this situation around, by showing that we can work linearly in a systematic way within the nonlinear model, and that we may even restrict to a fully linear model whose objects are in a bijective correspondence with the ones of the nonlinear and are easily seen to form a prime algebraic domain. To obtain our results we study mappings of finite approximations of objects that can be used to turn approximations into normal and linear forms.
Two new equivalents of Lindelöf metric spaces
Authors: Keremedis Kyriakos 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the realm of Lindelöf metric spaces the following results are obtained in : (i) If is a Lindelöf metric space then it is both densely Lindelöf and almost Lindelöf. In addition, under the countable axiom of choice , the three notions coincide. (ii) The statement “every separable metric space is almost Lindelöf” implies that every infinite subset of has a countably infinite subset). (iii) The statement “every almost Lindelöf metric space is quasi totally bounded implies . (iv) The proposition “every quasi totally bounded metric space is separable” lies, in the deductive hierarchy of choice principles, strictly between the countable union theorem and . Likewise, the statement “every pre‐Lindelöf (or Lindelöf) metric space is separable” lies strictly between and .
Possible Post‐Traumatic Focal Dystonia Associated with Tau Pathology Localized to Putamen‐Globus Pallidus
Authors: Iacono Diego , Lee Patricia , Hallett Mark , Perl Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundDystonia is often associated with damage to basal ganglia (BG), but neuropathological assessments of these cases are infrequent.MethodsA brain was assessed with possible post‐traumatic focal dystonia that appeared after an accident occurred during childhood.ResultsTau pathology was found within putamen and globus pallidus of the right hemisphere, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was observed in the cortex of the left hemisphere. No diffuse axonal injury (DAI), β‐amyloid, ubiquitin, p62, or pTDP43 pathology was found.ConclusionsPost‐traumatic dystonia could be associated with post‐traumatic tau pathology formation. However, more cases are necessary to establish causality. The tau lesions found in the BG of this patient did not fit within CTE criteria. We hypothesize that due to the anatomo‐histological characteristics of the BG, tau pathology associated with brain traumas produce histopathological patterns different from sulcal‐tau pathology, which is the only tau pathology distribution currently accepted as pathognomonic of CTE.
Posterior tibial perforators relationship with superficial nerves and veins: A cadaver study
Authors: Bulla Antonio , Bolletta Alberto , Fiorot Luca , Maffei Matteo , Bandiera Pasquale , Casoli Vincent , Montella Andrea , Campus Gian Vittorio 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundMost authors have evaluated the location of lower leg arterial perforators, but little is still known about the relationship between the arterial network and great saphenous vein (GSV) and saphenous nerve (SN). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the arterial network of the posterior tibial artery perforators, the cutaneous nerves, and the superficial venous system in the lower one third of the leg.MethodsEighteen lower limbs from cadavers were used for this study. The arterial and venous compartment were selectively injected with a mixture of barium sulfate and epoxy. The specimen were CT scanned and the superficial veins, nerves, and the arterial perforators were dissected.ResultsA large perforator of the posterior tibial artery was found at a mean distance of 6.23 cm ± 0.88, with a 95% CI: 5.79–6.67, from the medial malleolus. The average diameter was 0.9 mm ± 0.17, with a 95% CI: 0.81–0.99. In 67% the connection of the venae comitantes to the superficial venous system was established with the GSV, in the other cases, with Leonardo's vein. Both dissection and imaging studies showed perineural interperforator connections along the branches of SN in all the specimens examined.ConclusionsThe distribution pattern of posterior tibial artery perforators followed the superficial nerves in this region. There is an interperforator anastomotic network along the SN. The various patterns of the venous drainage system, in relationship to the distribution of the branches of posterior tibial artery perforators, have been clarified.
Morphological Study of Nascent Growth of α‐Olefin Polymers on Spatially Unconstrained Silica Surfaces
Authors: Tran Dennis , Choi Kyu Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe experimental study of polymer growth on spatially unconstrained flat silica surfaces is presented for propylene and ethylene polymerization in liquid and gas phases with high activity metallocene catalyst (rac‐Et(Indenyl)2ZrCl2/ methylaluminoxane at 30–70 °C and 30–50 psig. The study shows a surprisingly rich spectrum of nascent morphologies for each polymer synthesized in two different reaction phases. In propylene polymerization in a liquid phase, polypropylene nanofibrils are first formed at the catalyst sites and quickly develop into microglobular morphology, whereas in ethylene polymerization in a liquid phase, polyethylene nanofibrils formed at the catalyst sites grow to a ribbon‐like morphology. In gas phase polymerization where polymerization rate is much lower due to low monomer concentration, both polymers grow to compact aggregates of globules. Unlike in liquid phase polymerization, no ribbon‐like structure is formed in ethylene polymerization. The sequential polymerization of these olefin monomers has also been carried out and the experimental data show two distinct regions of corresponding polymers as observed in separate ethylene and propylene homopolymerization experiments.
GRAPPA reconstructed wave‐CAIPI MP‐RAGE at 7 Tesla
Authors: Schwarz Jolanda M. , Pracht Eberhard D. , Brenner Daniel , Reuter Martin , Stöcker Tony 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe aim of this project was to develop a GRAPPA‐based reconstruction for wave‐CAIPI data. Wave‐CAIPI fully exploits the 3D coil sensitivity variations by combining corkscrew k‐space trajectories with CAIPIRINHA sampling. It reduces artifacts and limits reconstruction induced spatially varying noise enhancement. The GRAPPA‐based wave‐CAIPI method is robust and does not depend on the accuracy of coil sensitivity estimations.MethodsWe developed a GRAPPA‐based, noniterative wave‐CAIPI reconstruction algorithm utilizing multiple GRAPPA kernels. For data acquisition, we implemented a fast 3D magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo wave‐CAIPI sequence tailored for ultra‐high field application. The imaging results were evaluated by comparing the g‐factor and the root mean square error to Cartesian CAIPIRINHA acquisitions. Additionally, to assess the performance of subcortical segmentations (calculated by FreeSurfer), the data were analyzed across five subjects.ResultsSixteen‐fold accelerated whole brain magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo data (1 mm isotropic resolution) were acquired in 40 seconds at 7T. A clear improvement in image quality compared to Cartesian CAIPIRINHA sampling was observed. For the chosen imaging protocol, the results of 16‐fold accelerated wave‐CAIPI acquisitions were comparable to results of 12‐fold accelerated Cartesian CAIPIRINHA. In comparison to the originally proposed SENSitivity Encoding reconstruction of Wave‐CAIPI data, the GRAPPA approach provided similar image quality.ConclusionHigh‐quality, wave‐CAIPI magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo images can be reconstructed by means of a GRAPPA‐based reconstruction algorithm. Even for high acceleration factors, the noniterative reconstruction is robust and does not require coil sensitivity estimations. By altering the aliasing pattern, ultra‐fast whole‐brain structural imaging becomes feasible.
Carpal tunnel release: Lifetime prevalence, annual incidence, and risk factors
Authors: Pourmemari Mohammad‐Hossein , Heliövaara Markku , Viikari‐Juntura Eira , Shiri Rahman 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We estimated the lifetime prevalence and incidence of carpal tunnel release (CTR) and identified risk factors for CTR. Methods: The study population consisted of individuals aged ≥30 years living in Finland during 2000–2001 (N = 6,256) and was linked to the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register from 2000 to 2011. Results: Lifetime prevalence of CTR was 3.1%, and incidence rate was 1.73 per 1,000 person‐years. Female sex (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.8), age of 40–49 years (HR = 2.5, CI 1.7–3.8 compared with other age groups), education (HR = 0.6, CI 0.4–0.9 for high level vs. low/medium level), obesity (HR = 1.7, CI 1.2–2.5 for body mass index ≥30 vs. < 30 kg/m2), and hand osteoarthritis (HR = 2.4, CI 1.4–3.9) were associated with incidence of CTR. Discussion: CTR is a common surgical procedure, performed on 1.9% of men and 4.1% of women during their lifetimes. Obesity and hand osteoarthritis are associated with an increased risk of CTR. Muscle Nerve 58: 497–502, 2018
Can the idealized voider derived flow indexes be a measure of voiding efficiency and how accurate are they?
Authors: Franco Israel , Franco Jacob A. , Nussenblatt Brandon 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveOur hypothesis was to confirm whether an idealized voider flow equation (IVFE) that we created is more accurate than trying to rely on estimated flow rates in the same patient in two consecutive voids. We also looked to confirm whether flow index (FI) can be a proxy for voiding efficiency and to identify which FI was best; those based off our own IVFE equations or those derived from the commonly used power equations.Study DesignWe used data from a previous study and calculated flow rates using our IVFE and the power equations. Descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests were performed along with error analysis using Bland Altman (BA) and accuracy analysis (AA).ResultsBland Altman (BA) analysis revealed that flows obtained from normal voiders voiding between 100 and 200 cc as well as from 50 cc to 115% of EBC are comparable and tend to be reproducible in subsequent voids. FI derived from the IVFE exhibit less bias than Qmax making it a better way to compare these voids. A comparison of Qmax and flow index for different combinations of volumes and PVR's was done utilizing BA and accuracy measures both indicating that FI was more reproducible.ConclusionThe data support both of our hypothesis that flow index is a good measure of voiding efficiency. We have also shown that IVFE is a better and more accurate measure of calculating a flow index than the power equations regardless of the volume and PVR scenarios that are presented.
An energy momentum consistent integration scheme using a polyconvexity‐based framework for nonlinear thermo‐elastodynamics
Authors: Franke M. , Janz A. , Schiebl M. , Betsch P. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe present contribution provides a new approach to the design of energy momentum consistent integration schemes in the field of nonlinear thermo‐elastodynamics. The method is inspired by the structure of polyconvex energy density functions and benefits from a tensor cross product that greatly simplifies the algebra. Furthermore, a temperature‐based weak form is used, which facilitates the design of a structure‐preserving time‐stepping scheme for coupled thermoelastic problems. This approach is motivated by the general equation for nonequilibrium reversible‐irreversible coupling (GENERIC) framework for open systems. In contrast to complex projection‐based discrete derivatives, a new form of an algorithmic stress formula is proposed. The spatial discretization relies on finite element interpolations for the displacements and the temperature. The superior performance of the proposed formulation is shown within representative quasi‐static and fully transient numerical examples.