bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperate Super-Earths/Mini-Neptunes around M/K Dwarfs Consist of Two Populations Distinguished by Kepler and Spitzer Transit Depth Variations
Authors: Guo Xueying , Ballard Sarah , Dragomir Diana , Werner Michael , Livingston John , Gorjian Varoujan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Studies of the atmospheres of hot Jupiters reveal a diversity of atmospheric composition and haze properties. Similar studies on individual smaller, temperate planets are rare owing to the inherent difficulty of the observations and also to the average faintness of their host stars. To investigate their ensemble atmospheric properties, we construct a sample of 28 similar planets, all of which possess equilibrium temperature within 300–500 K, have similar size (1–3 R
⊕), and orbit early M dwarfs and late K dwarfs with effective temperatures within a few hundred kelvin of one another. In addition, NASA’s Kepler/K2 and Spitzer missions gathered transit observations of each planet, producing a uniform transit data set in both wavelength and coarse planetary type. With the transits measured in Kepler’s broad optical bandpass and Spitzer’s 4.5 μm wavelength bandpass, we measure the transmission spectral slope, Δz/H, for the entire sample. While this measurement is too uncertain in nearly all cases to infer the properties of any individual planet, the distribution of Δz/H among several dozen similar planets encodes a key trend. We find that the distribution of Δz/H is not well described by a single Gaussian distribution. Rather, a ratio of the Bayesian evidences between the likeliest one-component and two-component Gaussian models favors the latter by a ratio of 100:3. In the best-fit two-component Gaussian model, one Gaussian is centered around an average Δz/H = −0.1 with a standard deviation of 8.2, while a smaller but significant second population (20% ± 10% of all) is located at significantly higher Δz/H center values with higher uncertainty. Although the exact shape and locations of the Gaussian models are sensitive to our assumptions in mean molecular weight, we can conclude that (1) there exist two populations of small and temperate planets regarding their effective radius variations between the Kepler bandpass and Spitzer bandpass and (2) atmospheres of this kind of planets are far from uniformly flat, and a fraction of them may be particularly favorable for follow-up observations from space-based platforms like the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope.
On the Pitch-angle-dependent Perpendicular Diffusion Coefficients of Solar Energetic Protons in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Engelbrecht N. Eugene 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Various numerical solar energetic particle (SEP) transport studies have shown that perpendicular diffusion plays a significant role in the propagation of these particles in the heliosphere. In particular, computed SEP intensities and anisotropies have been shown to be sensitive to the pitch-angle dependence of the perpendicular diffusion coefficient as well as its magnitude. This study proposes a novel approach to the calculation of this quantity and compares this to the results of previous theoretical approaches. These various perpendicular diffusion coefficient expressions are demonstrated for turbulence conditions prevalent at Earth and closer to the Sun.
A Technique for Closing Challenging Macular Holes
Authors: Sisk Robert A. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe a new technique for closing challenging macular holes (MHs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The technique involves vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, isolating the macula under perfluorocarbon liquid, alternating scraping of the retina toward the MH, aspirating fluid from the MH until closure is achieved intraoperatively, and sealing the MH with an inverted ILM flap or autologous ILM free flap. Gas or oil tamponade is used to prevent rehydration of the MH.

RESULTS:
Covering the MH with ILM scaffolding by the inverted flap technique or autologous ILM free flap promoted closure of large MHs by photoreceptor layer migration rather than gliosis. Iatrogenic macular trauma from manipulation produced funduscopic and optical coherence tomography changes but did not preclude significant vision improvement.

CONCLUSIONS:
ILM scaffolding over the surgically reduced MH enhanced surgical closure by photoreceptor migration. Although anatomic success resulted in improvement in visual acuity, further study is required regarding long-term outcomes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:450–452.]
Prolonged Rest, Long-Term Dynamic Balance, and Gait in a Mouse Ankle-Sprain Model
Authors: Wikstrom Erik A. , Hubbard-Turner Tricia , Duncan Ashley , Cline Jason , Turner Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Context
Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) result in short- and long-term adaptations in the sensorimotor system that are thought to contribute to the development of chronic ankle instability and posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Debate continues as to the appropriateness of rapid return to sport after LASs given the prevalence of long-term consequences.

Objective
To examine the short- and long-term effects of prolonged rest, as a model of immobilization, on dynamic balance and gait outcomes after a severe LAS in a mouse model.

Design
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting
Research laboratory.

Intervention(s)
At 7 weeks of age, 18 male mice (CBA/J) had their right anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments transected. Mice were then randomized to 1 of 3 groups representing when access to a running wheel postsurgery was gained: at 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Dynamic balance and spatial gait characteristics were quantified before surgery (baseline) and at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, and 54 weeks postinjury.

Results
Relative to prolonged rest, resting for only 3 days resulted in worse dynamic balance during the later assessment points (42–54 weeks postinjury, P &lt; .01). Mice that underwent a prolonged rest period of 2 weeks crossed the balance beam faster than the group that rested for only 3 days when averaged across all time points (P &lt; .012). Spatial gait characteristics did not differ among the groups (P &gt; .05).

Conclusions
Relative to 3 days of rest, prolonged rest (1 and 2 weeks) after a severe LAS in mice positively affected balance. The apparent benefit of prolonged rest was noted on both dynamic-balance outcomes and performance. Stride length was not altered by the duration of rest after a surgically induced severe LAS in mice. Future research is needed to determine if these results translate to a human model.
How can the First ISLSCP Field Experiment contribute to present-day efforts to evaluate water stress in JULESv5.0?
Authors: Williams Karina E. , Harper Anna B. , Huntingford Chris , Mercado Lina M. , Mathison Camilla T. , Falloon Pete D. , Cox Peter M. , Kim Joon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The First International Satellite Land Surface
Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE), Kansas,
US, 1987–1989, made important contributions to the understanding of energy
and CO2 exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere, which
heavily influenced the development of numerical land-surface modelling.
Now, 30 years on, we demonstrate how the wealth of data collected during FIFE and
its subsequent in-depth analysis in the literature continue to be a valuable
resource for the current generation of land-surface models. To illustrate, we
use the FIFE dataset to evaluate the representation of water stress on
tallgrass prairie vegetation in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator
(JULES) and highlight areas for future development. We show that, while JULES
is able to simulate a decrease in net carbon assimilation and
evapotranspiration during a dry spell, the shape of the diurnal cycle is not
well captured. Evaluating the model parameters and results against this
dataset provides a case study on the assumptions in calibrating
“unstressed”
vegetation parameters and thresholds for water stress. In particular, the
responses to low water availability and high temperatures are calibrated
separately. We also illustrate the effect of inherent uncertainties in key
observables, such as leaf area index, soil moisture and soil properties.
Given these valuable lessons, simulations for this site will be a key
addition to a compilation of simulations covering a wide range of vegetation
types and climate regimes, which will be used to improve the way that water
stress is represented within JULES.
Metodología de diagnóstico logístico de almacenes y centros de distribución
Authors: Valencia Granados Jorge Arnoldo 
Published: July 2019

Existen muchas metodologías de análisis para el mejoramiento de almacenes y centros de distribución. Este artículo expone, a grandes trazos, los componentes utilizados por la empresa Portal Logístico para desarrollar sus proyectos. Independientemente de la tecnología utilizada, los factores o componentes que se analizan son: análisis de infraestructura y áreas; procesos, inventarios, seguridad laboral y ocupacional; e indicadores logísticos o KPI.
Magma Emplacement Rates and Porphyry Copper Deposits: Thermal Modeling of the Yerington Batholith, Nevada
Authors: Schöpa Anne , Annen Catherine , Dilles John H. , Sparks R. Stephen J. , Blundy Jon D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Many porphyry copper deposits are associated with granitoid plutons. Porphyry copper deposit genesis is commonly attributed to degassing of pluton-forming intermediate to silicic magma chambers during slow cooling and crystallization. We use numerical simulations of thermal evolution during pluton growth to investigate the links between pluton construction, magma accumulation and solidification, volatile release, and porphyry copper deposit formation. The Jurassic Yerington batholith, Nevada, serves as a case study because of its exceptional exposure, revealing the geometry of three main intrusions. The last intrusion, the Luhr Hill granite, is associated with economic porphyry copper deposits localized over cupolas where dikes and fluid flow were focused. Our simulations for the conceptual model linking porphyry copper deposits with the presence of large, highly molten magma chambers show that the Luhr Hill granite must have been emplaced at a vertical thickening rate of several cm/yr or more. This magma emplacement rate is much higher than the time-averaged formation rates of other batholiths reported in the literature. Such low rates, although common, do not lead to magma accumulation and might be one of the reasons why many granitoid plutons are barren. Based on our results, we formulate the new testable hypothesis of a link between porphyry copper deposit formation and the emplacement time scale of the associated magma intrusion.
Geological and Chronological Constraints on the Long-Lived Eocene Yulong Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Eastern Tibet: Implications for the Lifespan of Giant Porphyry Cu Deposits
Authors: Chang Jia , Li Jian-Wei , Selby David , Liu Jia-Cheng , Deng Xiao-Dong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, the third largest porphyry Cu deposit in China, contains proven reserves of > 6.5 million metric tons (Mt) Cu and 0.4 Mt Mo. Previous radiometric dating studies have provided numerous ages for this deposit, but the timing and duration of the process governing the deposition of Cu and Mo remains not well constrained. In this paper, we first document multiple stages of mineralization and hydrothermal alteration associated with distinct magmatic pulses at Yulong by field and textural relationships, and then present high-precision molybdenite Re-Os ages of 14 quartz-molybdenite ± chalcopyrite veins representing these stages to precisely constrain the timing and duration of Cu-Mo mineralization.
The ore-hosting Yulong composite stock consists of three successive porphyry intrusions: (1) monzonitic granite porphyry (MGP), (2) K-feldspar granite porphyry (KGP), and (3) quartz albite porphyry (QAP). The vein formation, Cu-Mo mineralization, and ore-related alteration are grouped into early, transitional, and late stages with respect to the intrusive history. The first two porphyry intrusions are followed by cyclical sequences of veining that are mainly associated with potassic alteration and have formed (1) ME vein/USTT, (2) EBE/T veins, (3) A1E/T veins, (4) A2E/BT veins, and (5) A3E/T veins. A2E/BT and A3E/T veins of the early and transitional stages are dominated by quartz and chalcopyrite ± pyrite, respectively, and represent the main Cu-Mo mineralization events. More than 80% of Cu and Mo at Yulong were deposited in the early stage with the remainder being formed in the transitional stage. The late-stage pyrite-quartz veins (DL), which are characterized by sericitic alteration halos, postdate the intrusion of QAP dikes and have no economic significance.
Molybdenite Re-Os ages of A2E and BT veins indicate that sulfide deposition at Yulong was episodic over a prolonged history lasting over 5.13 ± 0.23 m.y. (1σ). However, the bulk Cu-Mo ores formed in a shorter time interval of 1.36 ± 0.24 m.y. (1σ) with most Cu precipitated in a more restricted timespan of 0.82 ± 0.24 m.y. (1σ) in the early stage. These results, combined with geochronologic data from porphyry copper deposits elsewhere, confirm that multiple magmatic-hydrothermal pulses with a lifespan of tens to hundreds of thousands of years are sufficient to form a giant porphyry copper deposit. Factors such as metal concentration, volume, and focusing efficiency of ore-forming fluids could have played important roles in producing a giant porphyry Cu deposit regardless of a short- or long-lived magmatic-hydrothermal system.
Magnetic Exploration of Structurally Controlled Mineralization at Low Latitudes: A Case from the Masara Gold District, Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Manalo P. C. , Dimalanta C. B. , Villaplaza B. R. B. , Brown W. W. , Yumul G. P. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Magnetic data transformations are applied to the high-resolution magnetic data from the Masara gold district in the southern Philippines to enhance features related to a porphyry copper prospect and epithermal gold deposit. Using several filtering methods and structural mapping techniques, we were able to highlight the signal coming from a shallow chlorite-sericite alteration zone. Although the epithermal veins are mainly composed of nonmagnetic minerals, calculation of the tilt derivative of the magnetic grid revealed linear features that are coincident with the surface projection of the gold-bearing veins. Furthermore, dip directions of the magnetic sources were determined using Euler deconvolution, and they were found to coincide with the dip directions of the veins as determined by structural measurements at different underground levels. Aside from showing the utility of the magnetic methods in epithermal gold deposit exploration, this study also demonstrates that challenges of processing and interpreting magnetic anomalies in areas near the equator can be overcome. This research outlines a processing workflow that can be adopted for further investigation of other mineralized areas.
The Changing Role of the Department Chair in the Shifting Landscape of Higher Education
Authors: Weaver Lisa D. , Ely Katherine , Dickson Loretta , DellAntonio Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

Historically, empirical research exploring the roles, responsibilities, and challenges of department chairs has been limited and narrow in scope. In addition, these studies have not kept pace with the rapidly changing nature of higher education. The current study consists of data collected from a survey of current and former chairs at a small, rural university in Pennsylvania. Questions in the survey included topics such as dealing with bureaucracy, lack of time for individual research, job-related stress, dealing with noncollegial faculty, excessive workload, and training for department chairs. Findings are in line with previous empirical research and illustrate the need for evidence-based decisions regarding the nature of academic department chair leadership training and support.
Early experience with chemotherapy intensification for poor prognosis metastatic germ cell cancer and unfavorable tumor marker decline
Authors: Batra Anupam , Ernst Scott , Potvin Kylea , Fernandes Ricardo , Power Nicholas , Vanhie James , Winquist Eric 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Intensified chemotherapy improved outcomes for men with poor prognosis metastatic germ cell cancer (GCC) and unfavorable tumor marker decline (UTMD) after one cycle of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy in the GETUG-13 trial. Herein, we report our experience to date using a similar approach.
Methods: Patients were identified from our electronic GCC database. Men with poor prognosis GCC and UTMD were offered intensified chemotherapy consisting of T-BEP (three cycles) plus paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP) (one cycle), along with prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and resection of residual masses. Cisplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide (PEI) replaced last cycle of T-BEP for bleomycin pulmonary concerns. Serious toxicities, progression-free survival, and overall survival were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Ten patients with poor prognosis GCC were identified May 2012 to April 2016. Eight patients had UTMD. Six were offered and received intensified chemotherapy (two T-BEPx3 + TIP and four T-BEPx2 + PEI + TIP). Serious toxicities included neutropenic sepsis, deep venous thrombosis, and C. difficile colitis, but there were no toxic deaths. One patient died of synchronous metastatic adenocarcinoma ex teratoma. The remaining five patients achieved marker negative partial response, two had residual mature teratoma excised, and four have no evidence of disease after surgery. All are alive at a median of 57.6 months (range 37.2‒65.3 months); one patient has grade 2 peripheral sensory neuropathy, and one patient has grade 2 cognitive disturbance. Of four patients treated with standard BEP, two have died of disease and two are alive at 44.9 and 47.2 months.
Conclusions: Our experience with intensified chemotherapy for men with poor prognosis GCC and UTMD confirms that it is feasible, reasonably safe, and appears to provide results similar to those reported in GETUG-13.
The effect of ethnicity on semen analysis and hormones in the infertile patient
Authors: Punjani Nahid , Nayan Madhur , Jarvi Keith , Lo Kirk , Lau Susan , Grober Ethan 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: We aimed to study the association of ethnicity on semen parameters and hormones in patients presenting with infertility.
Methods: Data from men presenting for infertility assessment were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical history was self-reported. Semen analysis included volume, count, motility, morphology, and vitality. The 2010 World Health Organization cutoffs were used. Baseline total testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were recorded. Ethnicity data was classified as Caucasian, African-Canadian, Asian, Indo-Canadian, Native-Canadian, Hispanic, and Middle Eastern. All patients with complete data were included and statistical analysis was performed.
Results: A total of 9079 patients were reviewed, of which 3956 patients had complete data. Of these, 839 (21.2%) were azoospermic. After adjusting for age, African-Canadians (odds ratio [OR] 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28‒2.25) and Asians (1.34; 95% CI 1.11‒1.62) were more likely to be azoospermic compared to Caucasians. Similarly, African Canadians (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.33‒2.29) were more likely to be oligospermic and Asians (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.70‒0.97) less likely to be oligospermic. Low volume was found in African-Canadian (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.05‒1.91), Asians (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01‒1.51), and Indo-Canadians (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.01‒2.13). Furthermore, Asians (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57‒0.93) and Hispanics (OR 0.58; 95% CI 034‒0.99) were less likely to have asthenospermia. Asians (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57‒0.94) and Indo-Canadians (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35‒0.99) were less likely to have teratozospermia. No differences were seen for vitality. No differences were seen for FSH levels, however, Asians (p<0.01) and Indo-Canadians (p<0.01) were more likely to have lower testosterone.
Conclusions: Our study illustrates that variations in semen analyses and hormones exist in men with infertility. This may provide insight into the workup and management for infertile men from different ethnicities.
Review: Transplanting kidneys from donors with small renal masses — a strategy to expand the donor pool
Authors: Cristea Octav , Warren Jeff , Blew Brian , Rowe Neal 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Renal transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease, but organ demand continues to outstrip supply. The transplantation of kidneys from donors with small renal masses (SRMs) represents a potential avenue to expand the donor pool. We reviewed all published cases of transplants from donors with SRMs and we present followup data, best practices, and outline an actionable series of steps to guide the implementation of such transplants at individual centres.
Methods: A detailed literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed and SCOPUS databases was performed. Thirty unique data sets met inclusion criteria and described the transplantation of tumorectomized kidneys; nine data sets described the transplantation of contralateral kidneys from donors with SRMs.
Results: A total of 147 tumorectomized kidneys have been transplanted. Pathology revealed 120 to be renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), of which 116 were stage T1a (0.3–4 cm). The mean followup time was 44.2 months (1‒200 months). A single suspected tumor recurrence occurred in one patient nine years post-transplantation and it was managed with active surveillance. Twenty-seven kidneys have been transplanted from deceased donors with contralateral renal masses. Pathology revealed 25 to be RCCs, of which 19 were confirmed to be stage T1 (<7 cm). The mean followup time was 46.7 months (0.5‒155 months). One recipient developed an RCC and underwent curative allograft nephrectomy.
Conclusions: Careful use of kidneys from donors with SRMs is feasible and safe, with an overall recurrence rate of less than 1.5%. The utilization of such kidneys could help alleviate the organ shortage crisis.
Herijking horizontaal toezicht: noodzakelijk kwaad of logisch gevolg?
Authors: van der Hel Lisette , Siglé Maarten 
Published: July 2019

Herijking horizontaal toezicht: noodzakelijk kwaad of logisch gevolg?
Nederland was een van de eerste landen die het zogenoemde horizontaal toezicht (HT) introduceerde. Sindsdien hebben belastingdiensten over de gehele wereld dat voorbeeld gevolgd en is HT ingevoerd in andere toezichtdomeinen zoals de zorg en de voedselveiligheid. In Nederland is het HT in tegenstelling tot andere landen sinds de introductie niet wezenlijk veranderd, terwijl HT al sinds het begin vragen oproept en er regelmatig kritiek doorklinkt. In dit artikel inventariseren en analyseren we de (wetenschappelijke) onderzoeken die inmiddels op het gebied van HT zijn gedaan en concluderen we dat een herijking van HT, zoals de Nederlandse Belastingdienst momenteel uitvoert, niet alleen logisch is, gezien het feit dat Nederland een voorloper op dit terrein was, maar ook noodzakelijk is gezien de vragen en kritiek die er zijn. We concluderen ook dat het lastig is om tegemoet te komen aan een modernisering in lijn met internationale ontwikkelingen omdat landen binnen het concept van HT ieder een eigen weg lijken te kiezen en van een gezamenlijke ontwikkeling geen sprake lijkt te zijn.