bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of “cultural heritage and conservation” concept in the architectural education
Authors: Atalan Özlem 
Published: August 2018

The concept of culture also includes the concept of "conservation” within itself. Conservation culture and education are two basic tools for the transfer of cultural heritage. Education is at the forefront of activities that will contribute to the formation of conservation consciousness. People who have a consciousness of conservation culture and cultural heritage can both protect today and the past. In today's conditions where the impact of globalization is rapidly affecting our cities, it is necessary to approach consciously cultural heritage and conservation culture. From this point of view, it is important to understand the conservation culture for the newly educated "architectural students". In this context, architectural education and curriculum are important. Are architectural course programs sufficient for students to enjoy cultural heritage and to take responsibility for protecting it? In this article, the necessity of teaching conservation culture in architectural education will be discussed. At the same time, the adequacy of the courses about conservation and cultural heritage in the curriculum will be investigated.
The effects of STEAM (STEM+ Art) activities 7th grade students’ academic achievement, STEAM attitude and scientific creativities<p>STEAM (STEM+Sanat) etkinliklerinin 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin akademik başarı, STEAM tutum ve bilimsel yaratıcılıklarına etkisi
Authors: Gülhan Filiz , Şahin Fatma 
Published: August 2018

In this research was examined the effects of STEAM education seventh grade students’ academic achievement, STEAM attitude and scientific creativity. In this research, it was used embedded experimental mixed method. The research was conducted in a middle school in Istanbul in the academic year of 2017-2018. The study group was consisted 33 students in the control group and 30 students in the experimental group. The STEAM activities developed using the 5E model for the “Reflection in the Mirror and Absorption of Light” unit by the researchers. The activities were applied in the experimental group for five weeks. In the result of the research, it was determined that the experimental group students’ academic achievement and overall STEAM attitudes were with intermediate effect size and significantly improved according to the control group students. It was also determined that the scientific creativity of the students in the experimental group developed throughout the process. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu araştırmada STEAM yaklaşımının yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin akademik başarı, STEAM tutum ve bilimsel yaratıcılıklarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada gömülü deneysel karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. İstanbul’daki bir ortaokulda 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında yapılan araştırmanın çalışma grubu; kontrol grubunda 33, deney grubunda 30 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Deney grubunda “Aynalarda Yansıma ve Işığın Soğrulması” ünitesine yönelik 5E modeli kullanılarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen STEAM etkinlikleri, beş hafta süresince uygulanmıştır. Ünite boyunca “STEAM dehası-Leonardo da Vinci” teması işlenmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak; üniteye yönelik “Akademik Başarı Testi”,“STEAM Tutum Testi” ve “Bilimsel Yaratıcılık Rubriği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda deney grubu öğrencilerinin kontrol grubu öğrencilerine göre akademik başarılarının ve genel STEAM tutumlarının orta düzeyde bir etkiyle anlamlı olarak geliştiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca deney grubu öğrencilerinin bilimsel yaratıcılık düzeylerinin süreç boyunca geliştiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Kitis Serkan , Coskun Zeynep Mine , Tasdemir Pelin , Tuncez Ebru , Zamani Ayse Gul , Acar Aynur 
Published: August 2018

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common degenerative spinal condition. Recent studies have shown that the incidence of disc herniation and disc degeneration may be explained by genetic factors. In this study, we investigated the link between various polymorphic variants of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) genes and IVDD in patients with IVDD, in Turkey. We examined and genotyped 199 patients with IVDD and 197 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of all participants, and analyzed using real-time PCR. Via melting curve analysis, VDR, MMP2, and IGF1R polymorphism variant distributions were determined. The patients with IVDD showed higher frequencies of the VDR ApaI A allele genotype as compared to the control group; however, there were no significant differences in the frequencies or allelic distributions of the IGF1R and MMP2 genotypes between the IVDD patients and the control group. The incidence of IVDD in these Turkish patients is correlated with the VDR ApaI gene polymorphism, but not with the IGF1R and MMP2 polymorphisms.
Antimicrobial Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss) Extracts on Some Food Borne Pathogens and Their Effect on Virulence Gene Expression
Authors: El-Azzouny Mona M , El-Demerdash Azza S , Seadawy Hanan G , Abou-Khadra Sally H 
Published: August 2018

The incrementing scope of pathogenic resistance to antibiotics has encouraged the search for antivirulence natural extracts. Therefore, our study designed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of an aqueous-garlic and thyme oil extracts against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Salmonella spp.) bacteria by evaluating the influence of sub-inhibitory concentrations on the expression of the most critical virulence genes of the tested isolates. The antibacterial potential of both herbs was checked by the agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Interestingly, all isolates were inhibited by both extracts up to 50% concentration. Also, the MIC values of garlic extract (0.125-1µg/ml) against Salmonella isolates were lower than the values of thyme extract (0.5- 8µg/ml). But in S. aureus isolates, the MIC values of thyme extract (0.25- 2µg/ml) were the lowermost. Conventional PCR investigated that all S. aureus isolates carried the hlg (hemolysin) and icaA (intracellular adhesion) genes, but only six Salmonella isolates (three S. typhimurium and one each of S. kentucky, S. anatum, and S. lagos) had both the sopB (Salmonella outer protein B) and mgtC (membrane protein) genes. Real-time RT-PCR assays were performed to evaluate the extract's effect on the virulence genes. The thyme-oil extract has significantly repressed S. aureus virulence genes expression more than aqueous-garlic extract, which later one has effectively more than thyme-oil extract in downregulating the Salmonella virulence genes. In conclusion, garlic and thyme extracts can be used not only as a flavor, but also as potential antimicrobial agents against Gram-positive and negative bacteria.
The Future of the Chemical Sciences
Authors: Palermo Alejandra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Today’s world is characterised by turbulencewithanincreasing uncertainty in the global economy and in social and political relations.Scientific, social and technological trends are rapidly changing the way we live and work. These not only affect the nature and practice of chemistry, but also the roles that chemists play. With this in mind, the Royal Society of Chemistry launched the Future of the Chemical Sciences initiative to assess how the chemical sciences may evolve over the next ten to twenty years and the possible consequences for the community and society at large.
Chemistry in a Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary World
Authors: Ober Christopher , Garelick Hemda 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The World Chemistry Leadership Meeting (WCLM) is an integral part of the IUPAC General Assembly and offers a platform for representatives from National Adhering Organizations (NAOs) to meet and discuss emerging and pressing issues of global concern. Recent WCLMs have had a special focus on Young Observers (YOs) to provide them with the space to interact and discuss emerging issues and future challenges facing the world of chemistry.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Monodisperse Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu Qiangchun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe monodisperse Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4nanospheres have been synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. The effects of reactant concentration on structural and magnetic properties have been studied. X-ray diffraction analysis results indicate that the lattice constant and crystallite size can be tuned by controlling reactant concentration. The nanosphere size monotonically decreases from 238 to 35 nm with increasing reactant concentration. The magnetic studies show that blocking temperature is enhanced, and these single-domain particles are superparamagnetism at room temperature. The hollow nanospheres exhibit a high saturation magnetization value of 52.6 emu/g. The nanospheres with various diameters exhibit different magnetic saturation values which may be caused by the domain structure, surface effects and the distribution of metal ions on A and B sites. These superparamagnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4nanospheres are expected to have potential application in biomedicine and magnetic fluid technology.
Long-Term Stability Comparison between an Original and a Generic Version of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Dextrose 5 % Infusion Polyolefin Bags at 5 ± 3 °C after Microwave Freeze-Thaw Treatment
Authors: Huvelle Sophie , Godet Marie , Galanti Laurence , Closset Mélanie , Bihin Benoît , Jamart Jacques , Hecq Jean-Daniel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Piperacillin-Tazobactam is frequently infused in hospitals. The use of a generic version was considered after the out of stock of the brand name Tazocin®. The stability of 4 g of Tazocin® in 120 mL of dextrose 5 % (D5) was demonstrated during 35 days at 5 °C ± 3 °C after freezing (−20 °C) and microwave thawing (FMT). The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the long-term stability of Tazocin® and a generic product in the same conditions.

Methods
Five polyolefin bags of 4 g of Piperacillin/Tazobactam® Sandoz and 5 bags of 4 g of Tazocin® were prepared under aseptic conditions in 120 mL of D5 and stored 3 months at 20 °C then thawed and stored 58 days at 5 ± 3 °C.
Spectrophotometric absorbance at different wavelengths, pH measurement, visual and microscopic observations were also performed.
The concentrations were measured by HPLC, at 211 nm for tazobactam and 230 nm for piperacilline.

Results
No significant change in pH values or optic densities, no crystals were detected. The lower confidence limit at 95 % of the concentration for the solutions remains superior to 90 % of the initial concentration until 58 days of storage at 5 ± 3 °C.

Conclusion
Under these conditions, 4 g/120 mL of Piperacillin/Tazobactam® Sandoz or Tazocin® in D5 infusion in polyolefin bags remains stable at least for 58 days at 5 ± 3 °C after FMT
Reconsidering “cause inside the clause” in scientific discourse – from a discourse semantic perspective in systemic functional linguistics
Authors: Hao Jing 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The ability to construe and to interpret cause–effect relations is critical to the task of knowledge building in science. It is essential to understanding investigative processes and to interpreting claims. However, in the discourses of science the linguistic construal of cause and effect can be far removed from that of its everyday, commonsense expression. Studies in systemic functional linguistics have found that scientific causality is often realized inside a clause rather than between clauses (Halliday, M. A. K. 1998. Things and relations. In J. R. Martin and R. Veel [eds.], Reading science: Critical and functional perspectives on discourses of science, 185–235. London & New York: Routledge). This paper aims to further understand the challenge of making meanings of scientific causality from a linguistic perspective. I analyze the language of biology in five research articles, which are students’ key reading texts in a core undergraduate biology course at a leading Australian university. I argue that a discourse semantic understanding of “cause inside the clause” is critical for revealing the diverse language resources for constructing scientific causality.
α-Neurexins Together with α2δ-1 Auxiliary Subunits Regulate Ca2+Influx through Cav2.1 Channels
Authors: Brockhaus Johannes , Schreitmüller Miriam , Repetto Daniele , Klatt Oliver , Reissner Carsten , Elmslie Keith , Heine Martin , Missler Markus 
Published: August 2018

Action potential-evoked neurotransmitter release is impaired in knock-out neurons lacking synaptic cell-adhesion molecules α-neurexins (αNrxns), the extracellularly longer variants of the three vertebrateNrxngenes. Ca2+influx through presynaptic high-voltage gated calcium channels like the ubiquitous P/Q-type (CaV2.1) triggers release of fusion-ready vesicles at many boutons. α2δ Auxiliary subunits regulate trafficking and kinetic properties of CaV2.1 pore-forming subunits but it has remained unclear if this involves αNrxns. Using live cell imaging with Ca2+indicators, we report here that the total presynaptic Ca2+influx in primary hippocampal neurons of αNrxn triple knock-out mice of both sexes is reduced and involved lower CaV2.1-mediated transients. This defect is accompanied by lower vesicle release, reduced synaptic abundance of CaV2.1 pore-forming subunits, and elevated surface mobility of α2δ-1 on axons. Overexpression of Nrxn1α in αNrxn triple knock-out neurons is sufficient to restore normal presynaptic Ca2+influx and synaptic vesicle release. Moreover, coexpression of Nrxn1α together with α2δ-1 subunits facilitates Ca2+influx further but causes little augmentation together with a different subunit, α2δ-3, suggesting remarkable specificity. Expression of defined recombinant CaV2.1 channels in heterologous cells validates and extends the findings from neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings show that Nrxn1α in combination with α2δ-1, but not with α2δ-3, facilitates Ca2+currents of recombinant CaV2.1 without altering channel kinetics. These results suggest that presynaptic Nrxn1α acts as a positive regulator of Ca2+influx through CaV2.1 channels containing α2δ-1 subunits. We propose that this regulation represents an important way for neurons to adjust synaptic strength.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic transmission between neurons depends on the fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, which subsequently activates postsynaptic receptors. Influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic terminal is the key step to trigger vesicle release and involves different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels. We study the regulation of calcium channels by neurexins, a family of synaptic cell-adhesion molecules that are essential for many synapse properties. Using optical measurements of calcium influx in cultured neurons and electrophysiological recordings of calcium currents from recombinant channels, we show that a major neurexin variant facilitates calcium influx through P/Q-type channels by interacting with their α2δ-1 auxiliary subunits. These results propose a novel way how neurons can modulate the strength of distinct synapses.
Motion Extrapolation for Eye Movements Predicts Perceived Motion-Induced Position Shifts
Authors: van Heusden Elle , Rolfs Martin , Cavanagh Patrick , Hogendoorn Hinze 
Published: August 2018

Transmission delays in the nervous system pose challenges for the accurate localization of moving objects as the brain must rely on outdated information to determine their position in space. Acting effectively in the present requires that the brain compensates not only for the time lost in the transmission and processing of sensory information, but also for the expected time that will be spent preparing and executing motor programs. Failure to account for these delays will result in the mislocalization and mistargeting of moving objects. In the visuomotor system, where sensory and motor processes are tightly coupled, this predicts that the perceived position of an object should be related to the latency of saccadic eye movements aimed at it. Here we use the flash-grab effect, a mislocalization of briefly flashed stimuli in the direction of a reversing moving background, to induce shifts of perceived visual position in human observers (male and female). We find a linear relationship between saccade latency and perceived position shift, challenging the classic dissociation between “vision for action” and “vision for perception” for tasks of this kind and showing that oculomotor position representations are either shared with or tightly coupled to perceptual position representations. Altogether, we show that the visual system uses both the spatial and temporal characteristics of an upcoming saccade to localize visual objects for both action and perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccurately localizing moving objects is a computational challenge for the brain due to the inevitable delays that result from neural transmission. To solve this, the brain might implement motion extrapolation, predicting where an object ought to be at the present moment. Here, we use the flash-grab effect to induce perceptual position shifts and show that the latency of imminent saccades predicts the perceived position of the objects they target. This counterintuitive finding is important because it not only shows that motion extrapolation mechanisms indeed work to reduce the behavioral impact of neural transmission delays in the human brain, but also that these mechanisms are closely matched in the perceptual and oculomotor systems.
THE SELF IN THE WORLD: OVERCOMING CLASSICAL DUALISM AND SHAPING NEW LANDMARKS
Authors: Lushch U. I. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose. Based on tracing dualistic tendencies in the history of the concept “self” formation, the paper aims to clarify in what way dualism – contradistinction of the self and sociality, in particular – is being overcome in phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches to the self. Methodology. The systematic and integrative approaches, hermeneutic, phenomenological and retrospective methods, comparative analysis, description and synthesis underlie the research conducted in this paper. Theoretical basis. The development of the concept “self” is traced based on historical retrospective of its definitions. The paper shows the influence of Kantian interpretation of the self upon the contemporary approaches, presents the comparative analysis of the most recent definitions of the self and illustrates the study results on the relation of the self to the body, the world, the narration and the identity with reference to Martin Heidegger, Paul Ricoeur and Charles Taylor in particular. Originality. An integration of phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches to the self is introduced in the paper. It is argued that phenomenological and hermeneutic interpretations can be represented as complementing each other, since they share the anti-dualist perspective and interweave in description of the key aspects of the self, particularly sociality and language. Conclusion. Dualism is overcome in the contemporary interpretations of the self as it is clear from the phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches example. There is no more acute opposition between the self and the world, the self and the body, the self and the social life of a person. The self is considered as “being-in-the-world” which unfolds through intersection of different dimensions: subjectivity, body, temporality, language and sociality. Sociality provides the self with a moral framework through identity and enables conditions for person’s self-fulfillment, since the self reaches completeness only by transcending itself towards the others. The modern discovery of the self entails the need to invent a new type of solidarity.
Arnold-Chiari Malformasyonu: Gebelik Öncesi Bakım Önemi ve Yenidoğan Sonuçları
Authors: ARAN Turhan , CÖMERT Erhan Hüseyin , ŞAL Hidayet , EKİCİ Yasin Semih , KOÇ Emine Ahu , KART Cavit 
Published: August 2018

Amaç : Bu çalışmada kliniğimizde yatırılarak tedavi alan Arnold chiari tip 2 malformasyonu tanılı, olguların cinsiyet, doğum şekli, gestasyonel hafta, doğum ağırlığı, eşlik eden ek anomaliler, eğitim durumu, antenatal bakım ve folik asit kullanımı, yenidoğan dönemindeki operasyonlar, doğum sonrası yenidoğanda gözlenen problemler ve sekeller gibi postnatal sonuçlar değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve yöntemler: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum AD’da Ocak 2016 ile Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında Arnold Chiari Tip 2 tanısıyla kliniğine yatırılan tüm bebekler bu tek merkezli retrospektif çalışmaya alındı. Hastalara ait verilere tıbbi kayıtlardan ulaşıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 20 Arnold chiari tip 2 malformasyonu olan olgu dahil edildi. Akraba evliliği hiçbir olguda yoktu. Gebelerde folik asit kullanımı sadece 2 (%20) olguda mevcuttu. 10(%50) olguda tanı viyabilite sınırından önce konulmuş ve aile gebelik terminasyonu istemişti. Terminasyonu kabul eden 10 olgudan 4 (%40) tanesine meningosel/ meningomyelosel eşlik ediyordu. Gebeliğin devamına karar veren 10 olgudan 6 (%60) tanesine meningosel-meningomyelosel eşlik ediyordu. Olguların medyan gebelik yaşı 37 hafta, ortalama yenidoğan ağırlığı 3117±522 gram, medyan 1.dakika ve 5.dakika APGAR skoru sırasıyla 6 ve 8 idi. Yenidoğanların 6 ‘sı erkek (%60), 4’ü kız (%40) idi. Bebekler ortalama postnatal 3. günde opere edildi. %90’nına şant operasyonu uygulandı. 9 olguda fizik tedavi uygulaması gerektiren hareket kısıtlılığı ve güç kaybı mevcuttu. 7(%70) olguda bir ekstremitede hareket kısıtlığı ve güç kaybı var iken, 2 (%20) olguda her iki alt ekstremitede hareket ve kas gücü izlenmedi. Beş (%50) yenioğanda miksiyon ve defekasyon sorunu nedeni ile temiz aralıklı katater uygulaması gereksinimi oluşmuştu. Sonuç: Yapılan çalışmalardan ve kliniğimizdeki olgulardan da anlaşılacağı gibi NTD olgularında folik asit kullanmama yada düzensiz kullanım öyküleri mevcut. Bu sebepten kliniğimizde değerlendirilen olgulara yüksek oranda NTD eşlik etmekte.