bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omgevingsrecht en mobiliteit in ruimtelijke planvorming: meer samenhang is nodig
Authors: van Angeren J.R. (Jan Reinier) 
Published: August 2019

Omgevingsrecht en mobiliteit in ruimtelijke planvorming: meer samenhang is nodig
De auteur onderzoekt wat de rol is van mobiliteitsvraagstukken bij gemeentelijke bestemmingsplannen en concludeert aan de hand van de bespreking van de jurisprudentie over de toepassing van de CROW-publicatie 317 bij de vraag hoeveel autoverkeer een ruimtelijke ontwikkeling genereert, dat een integrale beoordeling van de gevolgen van een ruimtelijke ontwikkeling op de mobiliteitsvraag en behoefte ontbreekt. In zijn artikel kijkt de auteur ook naar de (beperkte) rol van mobiliteit in de Omgevingswet en onderzoekt hij wat de verhouding is tussen de Omgevingswet en de Wet Infrastructuurfonds.
Management of Nitrogenous Fertilization in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Growth and Production
Authors: Da Silva Edgley Soares , Dias Jefferson Alves , Medeiros Diego Almeida , Medeiros Roberto Dantas de , Guedes Yenara Alves , Albuquerque José de Anchieta Alves de , Neto João Luiz Lopes Monteiro , Gonçalves Anderson Carlos De Melo , Oliveira Rafaela Figueiredo de 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The objective of present study was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of different doses of nitrogen (N) applied in part to the growth and production of sesame.
Study Design: The design used was in random blocks, arranged in factor 9 × 3 scheme, with five repetitions and ten plants per experimental unit.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from June to September 2018 at Experimental Chã-de-Jardim Farm, Center of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.
Methodology: The treatments consisted nine doses of nitrogen (0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 100; 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and three forms of installment (P1 = 50% in foundation and 50% in cover thirty days after sowing (DAS); P2 = 33.3% on foundation, 33.3% for fifteen DAS and 33.3% for coverage; P3 = 25% for foundation, 25% for fifteen DAS, 25% for coverage and 25% for 45 DAS). The parameters were evaluated: plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), sheet number (SN), number of capsules (NC), productivity of grain (PG) and mass of 1000 grains (M1000).
Results: There was an increase in plant height when N was less fragmented, with a maximum height of 137.7 cm at a dose of 92.05 kg ha-1 of N. The diameter of the stem and the number of leaves increased linearly as a result of the increase in N doses. The doses of N applied only on foundation (50%) and coverage (50%) promoted an increase in the number of capsules, with a maximum of 199.7 units referring to the application of 212.75 kg ha-1 of N. Grain productivity was increased with an increase in the application of N, for the three splitting forms, up to a dose of maximum efficiency, followed by a subsequent decrease.
Conclusion: The increase in the portioning of nitrogen fertilization promotes lower growth of sesame plants. The application of 183.5 kg ha-1 of N, 50% on foundation and 50% on coverage, provides higher productivity of sesame grains (1541.3 kg ha-1).
Evaluation of Therapeutic Outcomes of Reconstruction of Pressure Ulcer Injuries by Flap Coatings in Patients Admitted to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah during 2015-2016
Authors: Mortazavi Shokofeh , Amirian Gholam Reza 
Published: August 2019

Objective: Pressure ulcers, following cancer and heart disease, are considered as the third most costly health problem. In addition to high cost of treatments, considerable time is spent on care for patients. This study tends to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of reconstruction of pressure ulcer injuries by flap coatings.
Methods: This study is prospective; 85 patients with pressure ulcer who referred to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah during 2015-2016 for treatment by muscular coating flaps were followed up 1 week and 3 months after discharge. A questionnaire based on main objectives of the project including demographic information, treatment complications, treatment outcome, reconstruction, number of flaps to assess the success of flap coating in patients was completed for each patient. Considering the 95% confidence level and the 9% accuracy, treatment success rate was 76%, with a minimum sample size of 85 in each group. Reconstruction was done again if the treatment was unsuccessful. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 22.
Results: The success rate of pressure ulcer reconstruction by coating flaps significantly increased after 1 week and 3 months (P<0.05, 50.6% and 90.5%, respectively). The success rate of pressure ulcer reconstruction by coating flaps significantly increased after 1 week and 3 months in terms of age, gender, and BMI (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The success of pressure ulcer reconstruction increased by coating flaps after 3 months. Therefore, it is suggested that further studies be developed in the future. Second, this study did not have control group. Therefore, it is recommended to consider this in future studies.
Metal‐free Synthesis of Spiro‐2,2′‐benzo[b]furan‐3,3′‐ones via PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Cascade Spirocyclization
Authors: Xing Qingyu , Liang Huiyuan , Bao Mingmai , Li Xuemin , Zhang Jingran , Bi Tianhao , Zhang Yilin , Xu Jun , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTreating the benzyl protected 3‐hydroxy‐1,3‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones solely with PhI(OAc)2 (PIDA) in DCE at room temperature readily furnished the seldom studied spiro‐2,2′‐benzo[b]furan‐3,3′‐ones in satisfactory to excellent yields. The hypervalent iodine reagent enables the metal‐free cascade spirocyclization resulting in the dual oxidative C−O bond formation.magnified image
The effect of olfactory training on odor identification in patients with traumatic anosmia
Authors: Jiang Rong‐San , Twu Chih‐Wen , Liang Kai‐Li 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThis study investigates the effect of olfactory training on odor identification in patients with traumatic anosmia.MethodsPatients with a clear history of loss of smell after head injury, and whose phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) odor detection thresholds remained at –1 after steroid and zinc treatment, were included in this study between July 2016 and July 2018. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, with patients in the 4‐odorant group given 4 bottles of PEA, lemon, eucalyptus, and clove oils and those in the PEA group given a bottle of PEA for 6‐month olfactory training. After 3‐month and 6‐month training, the olfactory function was evaluated by both the PEA threshold test and the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT‐TC). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure the volume of olfactory bulbs after training.ResultsThere were 45 patients completing 4‐odorant training and another 45 completing PEA training. The birhinal PEA threshold decreased significantly in both groups after 6‐month training, but the decrease was not significantly different between the 2 groups. The UPSIT‐TC score increased significantly in the PEA group but not in the 4‐odorant group. The volume of olfactory bulbs was not significantly different between these 2 groups.ConclusionOur results show that olfactory training can slightly improve odor threshold levels in patients with traumatic anosmia, but did not improve the odor identification ability. Nevertheless, clinical improvement or benefit in quality of life from olfactory training needs further investigation.
Aromatic Chemistry in the Excited State: Facilitating Metal‐Free Substitutions and Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Li Jianbin , Huang Chia‐Yu , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐couplings between aromatic electrophiles and nucleophiles have revolutionized modern chemical syntheses. Nevertheless, transition‐metal‐free approaches are preferable, considering the various issues caused by metal catalysts. This Minireview summarizes the recent progress in the light‐enabled transition‐metal‐free formation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds in aromatics, which opens a new avenue in aromatic reactions. From the mechanistic perspective, it classifies different reaction types of aryl electrophiles in an excited state with various nucleophiles. We believe this will provide more rationales for metal‐free aromatic substitutions and cross‐couplings with light, and guide the development of novel transformations of aromatic compounds facilitated by light.
Layer‐Defining Strategy to Grow Two‐Dimensional Molecular Crystals on a Liquid Surface down to the Monolayer Limit
Authors: Yao Jiarong , Zhang Yu , Tian Xinzi , Zhang Xiali , Zhao Huijuan , Zhang Xiaotao , Jie Jiansheng , Wang Xinran , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional molecular crystals (2DMCs) open a new door for the controllable growth of 2D materials by molecular design with a energy gap and solution processability. However, the growth of 2DMCs with defined molecular layers remains full of challenges. Herein, we report a novel method to produce various 2DMCs with a defined number of molecular layers. When the surface tension and viscosity are tuned to control the spreading of the solution on the liquid surface, large‐area quasi‐freestanding 2DMCs from bulk size down to the monolayer limit are obtained, which makes it possible to probe the intrinsic layer‐dependent optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors down to the physical limit, and paves the way for the application of 2DMCs in new optoelectronic devices and technologies.
Stable 2D Heteroporous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Ionic Conduction
Authors: Xie Zhen , Wang Bo , Yang Zongfan , Yang Xiao , Yu Xiang , Xing Guolong , Zhang Yinghui , Chen Long 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) feature open and ordered one‐dimensional column nanochannels which offer immense possibilities for incorporation of various guests for specific functions. However, the relatively low chemical stability of most COFs originating from the dynamic covalent linkages hinders their practical application. In this work, a highly crystalline and heteroporous dibenzo[g,p]chrysene‐based COF (DBC‐2P) was synthesized and served as a host material for ionic conduction. DBC‐2P exhibits excellent stability both in strong acid and base due to the large conjugated DBC‐based knot that reinforces the interlayer interactions. Subsequent encapsulation of linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEG‐LiBF4 salt into the nanochannels of DBC‐2P affords a hybrid material with a high ionic conductivity of 2.31×10−3 S cm−1. This work demonstrates an efficient post‐synthetic strategy for the development of new COF–polymer composites with intriguing properties.
Spontaneous Crystallization of Perovskite Nanocrystals in Nonpolar Organic Solvents: A Versatile Approach for their Shape‐Controlled Synthesis
Authors: Huang He , Li Yanxiu , Tong Yu , Yao En‐Ping , Feil Maximilian W. , Richter Alexander F. , Döblinger Markus , Rogach Andrey L. , Feldmann Jochen , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe growing demand for perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) for various applications has stimulated the development of facile synthetic methods. Perovskite NCs have often been synthesized by either ligand‐assisted reprecipitation (LARP) at room temperature or by hot‐injection at high temperatures and inert atmosphere. However, the use of polar solvents in LARP affects their stability. Herein, we report on the spontaneous crystallization of perovskite NCs in nonpolar organic media at ambient conditions by simple mixing of precursor–ligand complexes without application of any external stimuli. The shape of the NCs can be controlled from nanocubes to nanoplatelets by varying the ratio of monovalent (e.g. formamidinium+ (FA+) and Cs+) to divalent (Pb2+) cation–ligand complexes. The precursor–ligand complexes are stable for months, and thus perovskite NCs can be readily prepared prior to use. Moreover, we show that this versatile synthetic process is scalable and generally applicable for perovskite NCs of different compositions.
In‐situ Electrochemical X‐ray Diffraction: A Rigorous Method to Navigate within Phase Diagrams Reveals β‐Fe1+xSe as Superconductor for All x
Authors: Rasche Bertold , Yang Minjun , Nikonow Lothar , Cooper Joshaniel F. K. , Murray Claire A. , Day Sarah J. , Kleiner Karin , Clarke Simon J. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report the precise postsynthetic control of the composition of β‐Fe1+xSe by electrochemistry with simultaneous tracking of the associated structural changes via in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. We access the full phase width of 0.01<x<0.04 and identify the superconducting state below 8 K, which in contrast to earlier reports is independent of the composition. However, in a second set of in situ X‐ray diffraction experiments, we demonstrate that β‐Fe1+xSe forms a new phase in the presence of oxygen above a 100 °C which has the same anti‐PbO type structure but is not superconducting down to 1.8 K. The latter process can be reversed electrochemically to reinstate the superconducting state. These observations exploit the exquisite control afforded by electrochemistry in contrast with classical approaches of chemical synthesis.
Sutural Morphology in the Craniofacial Skeleton: A Descriptive Microcomputed Tomography Study in a Swine Model
Authors: Savoldi Fabio , Tsoi James K. H. , Paganelli Corrado , Matinlinna Jukka P. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSutures are greatly involved in both normal craniofacial growth and developmental anomalies. Having clear parameters for defining their morphology is fundamental to properly investigate their physiological or pathological development. However, the current literature is lacking of well‐defined methods for the assessment of these structures. This study performed a comprehensive microcomputed tomography (μCT) analysis of a swine model evaluating morphological variation of sutures in different skull regions. Seventy‐two suture samples were removed from one swine (Sus scrofa), approximately 9–12‐month‐old. Each sample was analyzed with μCT in the parallel (PAR) and perpendicular (PER) plane with respect to the bone surface. Suture width (S
w), linear obliteration index (LOI), and linear interdigitation index (LII) were calculated in each of the two reference planes, and sutures were categorized in four types (S
t). Parameters were compared among the facial, craniofacial, and cranial region. Description of the main morphological parameters was provided, and differences were found between the parallel and perpendicular planes. S
t varied depending on the skull region, with simple sutures more represented in the cranial region. LII in the perpendicular plane decreased from facial to craniofacial and cranial region. S
w in the parallel plane decreased from facial and craniofacial to cranial region. In the swine model, the sutural width, linear interdigitation, and suture type were related to distinct skull regions. The suture type was introduced to allow a better morphological characterization of sutures as 3D structures. Clear definition of sutural parameters is important for appropriate description of these complex structures. Anat Rec, 302:2156–2163, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Aflatoxin B1 removal by three bacterial strains and optimization of fermentation process parameters
Authors: Ning Mengge , Zhang Shujie , Xie Yanli , Wang Wei , Gao Yajun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) removing bacterial strains were isolated from different habitats that were easily contaminated by AFB1. Furthermore, the composition of the fermentation medium and conditions of fermentation process were optimized, including carbon source, nitrogen source, metal ions, temperature, initial pH value, inoculation volume, and culture broth volume. Using coumarin as the sole carbon and energy source, we primarily screened 31 strains, and 10 strains were found to be capable to remove AFB1. Among them, the highest removal rate of 71.91% appeared in those isolated from rotten wood (poplar). Strains XY1, XY3, and T6 were carried out to identify, and the results were Klebsiella sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pantoea sp., respectively. Corn cob powder and tryptone can significantly increase the AFB1 removal activity of these strains. The AFB1 removal activity of Klebsiella sp.XY1 and K. pneumonia XY3 can be enhanced by Ca2+, and those of Pantoea sp. T6 can be enhanced by Cu2+. Temperature and initial pH were positively correlated with the AFB1 removal activity of these strains in a certain range. This study not only provides reference for the screening and application of AFB1 removing bacteria, but also provides a basis for possible application in the food and feed industry.
Geotechnische Herausforderungen bei der Planung der Filstalbrücke als semiintegrales Bauwerk auf der Neubaustrecke Wendlingen–Ulm
Authors: Boley Conrad , Wilfing Lisa , Raithel Marc , Zimmerer Martin , Hierl Martin , Zaidman Igor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFür die Eisenbahn‐Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecke im Projektabschnitt „Albaufstieg“ des Großprojekts Stuttgart 21 wird die Filstalbrücke als semiintegrales Bauwerk ausgeführt, bei welchem die Pfeiler ohne Fugen und Lager kraftschlüssig mit dem Überbau gekoppelt werden. Der Entwurf sah flach gegründete Widerlager und kombinierte Pfahl‐Plattengründungen für die Pfeiler in den teilweise karstigen Jurakalken vor. Auf der Grundlage der konsequenten Ausweisung von Tragwerksreserven durch Anwendung hochwertiger numerischer Bemessungsmodelle in Verbindung mit der Durchführung von Pfahlprobebelastungen konnte die Gründung so optimiert werden, dass gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Entwurf ca. 50 % der Pfahlmeter eingespart werden konnten.Während der Bauausführung wurde im Bereich des Widerlagers komplexer und sehr heterogener Baugrund angetroffen. Als Folge wurde eine Vielzahl an Vergütungsmaßnahmen geplant und ausgeführt.
Reducing Staphylococcus aureus resistance to lysostaphin using CRISPR‐dCas9
Authors: Wu Xia , Zha Jian , Koffas Mattheos A. G. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBacteriolytic enzymes (cell lytic enzymes) are promising alternatives to antibiotics especially in killing drug‐resistant bacteria. However, some bacteria slowly become resistant to various classes of peptidoglycan hydrolases, for reasons not well studied, in the presence of growth‐supporting nutrients, which are prevalent at sites of infection. Here, we show that Staphylococcus aureus, a human and animal pathogen, while susceptible to the potent staphylolytic enzyme lysostaphin (Lst) in buffered saline, is highly resistant in the rich medium tryptic soy broth (TSB). Through a series of biochemical analysis, we identified that the resistance was due to prevention of Lst‐cell binding mediated by the wall teichoic acids (WTAs) present on the cell surface. Inhibition or deletion of the gene tarO responsible for the first step of WTA biosynthesis greatly reduced S. aureus resistance to Lst in TSB. To overcome the resistance, we took advantage of the gene regulation potential of CRISPR‐dCas9 and demonstrated that downregulation of tarO, tarH, and/or tarG gene expression, the latter two encoding enzymes that anchor WTAs in the outer layer of cell wall peptidoglycan, sensitized S. aureus to Lst and enabled eradication of the bacterium in TSB in 24 hr. As a result, we elucidate a key mechanism of Lst resistance in metabolically active S. aureus and provide a potential approach for treating life‐threatening or hard‐to‐treat infections caused by Gram‐positive pathogens.
Substrate Flexibility of the Flavin‐Dependent Dihydropyrrole Oxidases PigB and HapB Involved in Antibiotic Prodigiosin Biosynthesis
Authors: Couturier Maxime , Bhalara Hiral D. , Chawrai Suresh R. , Monson Rita , Williamson Neil R. , Salmond George P. C. , Leeper Finian J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the biosynthesis of the tripyrrolic pigment prodigiosin, PigB is a predicted flavin‐dependent oxidase responsible for the formation of 2‐methyl‐3‐amylpyrrole (MAP) from a dihydropyrrole. To prove which dihydropyrrole is the true intermediate, both possibilities, 5‐methyl‐4‐pentyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrole (5 a, resulting from transamination of the aldehyde of 3‐acetyloctanal) and 2‐methyl‐3‐pentyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrole (6, resulting from transamination of the ketone), were synthesised. Only 5 a restored pigment production in a strain of Serratia sp. ATCC 39006 blocked earlier in MAP biosynthesis. PigB is membrane‐associated and inactive when its transmembrane domain was deleted, but HapB, its homologue in Hahella chejuensis, lacks the transmembrane domain and is active in solution. Two colourimetric assays for PigB and HapB were developed, and the HapB‐catalysed reaction was kinetically characterised. Ten analogues of 5 a were synthesised, varying in the C2 and C3 side chains, and tested as substrates of HapB in vitro and for restoration of pigment production in Serratia ΔpigD in vivo. All lengths of side chain tested at C3 were accepted, but only short side chains at C2 were accepted. The knowledge that 5 a is an intermediate in prodigiosin biosynthesis and the ease of synthesis of analogues of 5 a makes a range of prodigiosin analogues readily available by mutasynthesis.
Inner‐Sphere Oxygen Activation Promoting Outer‐Sphere Nucleophilic Attack on Olefins
Authors: Abril Paula , del Río M. Pilar , López José A. , Lledós Agustí , Ciriano Miguel A. , Tejel Cristina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlkoxylation and hydroxylation reactions of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (cod) in an iridium complex with alcohols and water promoted by the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide are described. The exo configuration of the OH/OR groups in the products agrees with nucleophilic attack at the external face of the olefin as the key step. The reactions also require the presence of a coordinating protic acid (such as picolinic acid (Hpic)) and involve the participation of a cationic diolefin iridium(III) complex, [Ir(cod)(pic)2]+, which has been isolated. Independently, this cation is also involved in easy alkoxy group exchange reactions, which are very unusual for organic ethers. DFT studies on the mechanism of olefin alkoxylation mediated by oxygen show a low‐energy proton‐coupled electron‐transfer step connecting a superoxide–iridium(II) complex with hydroperoxide–iridium(III) intermediates, rather than peroxide complexes. Accordingly, a more complex reaction, with up to four different products, occurred upon reacting the diolefin–peroxide iridium(III) complex with Hpic. Moreover, such hydroperoxide intermediates are the origin of the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of the hydroxylation/alkoxylation reactions. If this protocol is applied to the diolefin–rhodium(I) complex [Rh(pic)(cod)], free alkyl ethers ORC8H11 (R=Me, Et) resulted, and the reaction is enantioselective if a chiral amino acid, such as l‐proline, is used instead of Hpic.
BODIPY‐Labeled Cyclobutanes by Secondary C(sp3)−H Arylations for Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Virelli Matteo , Wang Wei , Kuniyil Rositha , Wu Jun , Zanoni Giuseppe , Fernandez Antonio , Scott Jamie , Vendrell Marc , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractArylated cyclobutanes were accessed by a versatile palladium‐catalyzed secondary C(sp3)−H activation, exploiting chelation assistance by modular triazoles. The C−H arylation led to cyclobutane natural product derivatives in a highly regioselective fashion, setting the stage for the easy access to novel fluorogenic boron‐dipyrrin (BODIPY)‐labeled probes for live‐cell imaging.