bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Work Integrated Learning programmes as a strategy to broaden academic and workplace competencies
Authors: Rambe Patient 
Published: May 2018

Orientation: Work Integrated Learning (WIL) is often hailed for leveraging students’ swift and flexible adaptation to organisational work demands and accentuating the relevance of knowledge acquired in academic environments to work contexts. However, an inclusive view of WIL’s impact on students’ academic life, especially the broadening of their academic competences, is often occluded by a selective approach to WIL, which emphasises employers’ professional expectations and ignores the nature and process of competence development of students.Research purpose: To bridge the research gap created by employer-centred approaches, this study explores particular South African University of Technology (UoT) ‘students’ perceptions’ on the influence of WIL programmes on the broadening of Office Management and Technology (OMT) competencies (i.e. knowledge, skills and abilities).Motivation for the study: To promote an alternative approach to unravelling OMT competencies, which takes cognisance of the perceptions of students, who are the actual participants in WIL.Research design, approach and method: The study drew on a quantitative case study of 94 OMT students from the UoT’s two campuses who had been successfully placed at 20 organisations in South Africa.Main findings: The findings demonstrated that students’ participation in WIL enhanced their practical knowledge of space management, encouraged swift learning of work-based skills and abilities as well as facilitated the transfer of these competencies across a wide range of contexts, activities and tasks.Practical and managerial implications: The strong correlation between course organisation and WIL’s enhancement of space management knowledge, skills and abilities implies that educators and employers need to place more emphasis not just on their delivery methods but also on the selection and organisation of content, which is critical to such delivery.Recommendations: The study recommended the strengthening of the entire WIL conceptualisation and implementation process (i.e. content selection, content organisation, teaching modalities and computer-assisted delivery) and its delivery regime to ensure sustained improvement of student competencies.
Hygroscopic growth study in the framework of EARLINET during the SLOPE I campaign: synergy of remote sensing and in situ instrumentation
Authors: Bedoya-Velásquez Andrés Esteban , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Granados-Muñoz María José , Titos Gloria , Román Roberto , Casquero-Vera Juan Andrés , Ortiz-Amezcua Pablo , Benavent-Oltra Jose Antonio , de Arruda Moreira Gregori , Montilla-Rosero Elena , Hoyos Carlos David , Artiñano Begoña , Coz Esther , Olmo-Reyes Francisco José , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study focuses on the analysis of aerosol hygroscopic growth during the
Sierra Nevada Lidar AerOsol Profiling Experiment (SLOPE I) campaign by using
the synergy of active and passive remote sensors at the ACTRIS Granada
station and in situ instrumentation at a mountain station (Sierra Nevada,
SNS). To this end, a methodology based on simultaneous measurements of
aerosol profiles from an EARLINET multi-wavelength Raman lidar (RL) and
relative humidity (RH) profiles obtained from a multi-instrumental approach
is used. This approach is based on the combination of calibrated water vapor
mixing ratio (r) profiles from RL and continuous temperature profiles from
a microwave radiometer (MWR) for obtaining RH profiles with a reasonable
vertical and temporal resolution. This methodology is validated against the
traditional one that uses RH from co-located radiosounding (RS) measurements,
obtaining differences in the hygroscopic growth parameter (γ) lower
than 5 % between the methodology based on RS and the one presented here.
Additionally, during the SLOPE I campaign the remote sensing methodology used
for aerosol hygroscopic growth studies has been checked against Mie
calculations of aerosol hygroscopic growth using in situ measurements of
particle number size distribution and submicron chemical composition measured
at SNS. The hygroscopic case observed during SLOPE I showed an increase in
the particle backscatter coefficient at 355 and 532 nm with relative
humidity (RH ranged between 78 and 98 %), but also a decrease in the
backscatter-related Ångström exponent (AE) and particle linear
depolarization ratio (PLDR), indicating that the particles became larger and
more spherical due to hygroscopic processes. Vertical and horizontal wind
analysis is performed by means of a co-located Doppler lidar system, in order
to evaluate the horizontal and vertical dynamics of the air masses. Finally,
the Hänel parameterization is applied to experimental data for both
stations, and we found good agreement on γ measured with remote
sensing (γ532=0.48±0.01 and γ355=0.40±0.01) with respect to the values calculated using Mie theory
(γ532=0.53±0.02 and γ355=0.45±0.02),
with relative differences between measurements and simulations lower than
9 % at 532 nm and 11 % at 355 nm.
Crowdsourcing of weather observations at national meteorological and hydrological services in Europe
Authors: Krennert Thomas , Pistotnik Georg , Kaltenberger Rainer , Csekits Christian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) increase their
efforts to deliver impact-based weather forecasts and warnings. At the same
time, a desired increase in cost-efficiency prompts these services to
automatize their weather station networks and to reduce the number of human
observers, which leads to a lack of “ground truth” information about
weather phenomena and their impact. A possible alternative is to encourage
the general public to submit weather observations, which may include crucial
information especially in high-impact situations. We wish to provide an overview of the state and properties of existing
collaborations between NMHSs and voluntary weather observers or storm
spotters across Europe. For that purpose, we performed a survey among
30 European NMHSs, from which 22 NMHSs returned our questionnaire. This study
summarizes the most important findings and evaluates the use of
“crowdsourced” information. 86 % of the surveyed NMHSs utilize
information provided by the general public, 50 % have established official
collaborations with spotter groups, and 18 % have formalized them. The
observations are most commonly used for a real-time improvement of severe
weather warnings, their verification, and an establishment of a climatology
of severe weather events. The importance of these volunteered weather and impact observations has
strongly risen over the past decade. We expect that this trend will continue
and that storm spotters will become an essential part in severe weather
warning, like they have been for decades in the United States of America. A
rising number of incoming reports implies that quality management will
become an increasing issue, and we finally discuss an idea how to handle this challenge.
Groundwater withdrawal in randomly heterogeneous coastal aquifers
Authors: Siena Martina , Riva Monica 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We analyze the combined effects of aquifer heterogeneity and pumping
operations on seawater intrusion (SWI), a phenomenon which is threatening
coastal aquifers worldwide. Our investigation is set within a probabilistic
framework and relies on a numerical Monte Carlo approach targeting transient
variable-density flow and solute transport in a three-dimensional randomly
heterogeneous porous domain. The geological setting is patterned after the
Argentona river basin, in the Maresme region of Catalonia (Spain). Our
numerical study is concerned with exploring the effects of (a) random
heterogeneity of the domain on SWI in combination with (b) a variety of
groundwater withdrawal schemes. The latter have been designed by varying the
screen location along the vertical direction and the distance of the wellbore
from the coastline and from the location of the freshwater–saltwater mixing
zone which is in place prior to pumping. For each random realization of the
aquifer permeability field and for each pumping scheme, a quantitative
depiction of SWI phenomena is inferred from an original set of metrics
characterizing (a) the inland penetration of the saltwater wedge and (b) the
width of the mixing zone across the whole three-dimensional system. Our
results indicate that the stochastic nature of the system heterogeneity
significantly affects the statistical description of the main features of the
seawater wedge either in the presence or in the absence of pumping, yielding
a general reduction of toe penetration and an increase of the width of the
mixing zone. Simultaneous extraction of fresh and saltwater from two screens
along the same wellbore located, prior to pumping, within the
freshwater–saltwater mixing zone is effective in limiting SWI in the context
of groundwater resources exploitation.
The Personal Is Political: Performing Saint Joan in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Russell Susan Frances 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Contemporary theater makers aiming to present feminist-inflected interpretation of Shaw's Saint Joan could benefit from the practice of intertextuality: examining feminist playwrights' versions of Joan's story. Two plays by contemporary writers, Carolyn Gage's The Second Coming of Joan of Arc and Martha Kemper's Me, Miss Krause and Joan can illuminate the most pressing contemporary issues, highlighting the ways that Shaw's version overlaps with current feminist concerns, including intersectionality, positionality, and sexual assault. Such a process would empower performers and audience members alike, and would help playwrights, directors, and dramaturgs avoid some of the pitfalls exhibited in the recent rock musical Joan of Arc: Into the Fire. Also, since audiences in the United States and Canada are increasingly female-dominated and plays by women often make more money, such strategies not only could engender more culturally sensitive productions but also possibly even result in a higher box office return.
Diagnostic accuracy of Onen’s Alternative Grading System combined with Doppler evaluation of ureteral jets as an alternative in the diagnosis of obstructive hydronephrosis in children
Authors: de Bessa Jr Jose , Rodrigues Cicilia M. , Chammas Maria Cristina , Miranda Eduardo P. , Gomes Cristiano M. , Moscardi Paulo R. , Bessa Marcia C. , Molina Carlos A. , Tiraboschi Ricardo B. , Netto Jose M. , Denes Francisco T. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common congenital anomaly leading to varying degrees of hydronephrosis (HN), ranging from no apparent effect on the renal function to atrophy. Evaluation of these children is based on Diuretic Renal Scintigraphy (DRS) and Ultrasonography (US). Recent studies have suggested that new parameters of conventional and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) may be useful in discriminating which kidneys are obstructed. The present study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of such parameters in the diagnosis of obstruction in children with UPJO.

Methods
We evaluated 44 patients (33 boys) with a mean age of 6.53 ± 4.39 years diagnosed with unilateral high-grade hydronephrosis (SFU grades 3 and 4). All underwent DRS and index tests (conventional US and CDUS to evaluate ureteral jets frequency) within a maximum interval of two weeks. Hydronephrotic units were reclassified according to the alternative grading system (AGS) proposed by Onen et al. Obstruction in the DRS was defined as a differential renal function <40% on the affected side and/or features indicating poor drainage function like T1/2 >20 minutes after the administration of furosemide, and a plateau or ascending pattern of the excretion curve.

Results
Nineteen hydronephrotic units (43.1%) were obstructed. Some degree of cortical atrophy—grades 3 (segmental) or 4 (diffuse)—was present in those obstructed units. AGS grades had 100% sensitivity, 76% of specificity and 86.4% of accuracy. The absence of ureteral jets had a sensitivity of 73.68%, a specificity of 100% with an accuracy of 88.6%. When we analyzed the two aspects together and considered obstructed the renal units classified as AGS grade 3 or 4 with no jets, sensitivity increased to 78.9%, accuracy to 92%, remaining with a maximum specificity of 100%. These features combined would allow us to avoid performing DRS in 61% of our patients, leaving more invasive tests to inconclusive cases.

Conclusions
Although DRS remains the mainstay to distinguishing obstructive from non-obstructive kidneys, grade of hydronephrosis and frequency of ureteral jets, independently or in combination may be a reliable alternative in the mostly cases.This alternative approach has high accuracy, it is less invasive, easily reproducible and may play a role in the diagnosis of obstruction in pediatric population.
Helicobacter pylorigenetic diversification in the Mongolian gerbil model
Authors: Beckett Amber C. , Loh John T. , Chopra Abha , Leary Shay , Lin Aung Soe , McDonnell Wyatt J. , Dixon Beverly R.E.A. , Noto Jennifer M. , Israel Dawn A. , Peek Jr Richard M. , Mallal Simon , Algood Holly M. Scott , Cover Timothy L. 
Published: May 2018

Helicobacter pylorirequires genetic agility to infect new hosts and establish long-term colonization of changing gastric environments. In this study, we analyzedH. pylorigenetic adaptation in the Mongolian gerbil model. This model is of particular interest becauseH. pylori-infected gerbils develop a high level of gastric inflammation and often develop gastric adenocarcinoma or gastric ulceration. We analyzed the whole genome sequences ofH. pyloristrains cultured from experimentally infected gerbils, in comparison to the genome sequence of the input strain. The mean annualized single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rate per site was 1.5e−5, which is similar to the rates detected previously inH. pylori-infected humans. Many of the mutations occurred within or upstream of genes associated with iron-related functions (fur,tonB1,fecA2,fecA3, andfrpB3) or encoding outer membrane proteins (alpA, oipA, fecA2, fecA3, frpB3andcagY). Most of the SNPs within coding regions (86%) were non-synonymous mutations. Several deletion or insertion mutations led to disruption of open reading frames, suggesting that the corresponding gene products are not required or are deleterious during chronicH. pyloricolonization of the gerbil stomach. Five variants (three SNPs and two deletions) were detected in isolates from multiple animals, which suggests that these mutations conferred a selective advantage. One of the mutations (FurR88H) detected in isolates from multiple animals was previously shown to confer increased resistance to oxidative stress, and we now show that this SNP also confers a survival advantage whenH. pyloriis co-cultured with neutrophils. Collectively, these analyses allow the identification of mutations that are positively selected duringH. pyloricolonization of the gerbil model.
A quantitative approach to determine the taxonomic identity and ontogeny of the pycnodontiform fishPycnodus(Neopterygii, Actinopterygii) from the Eocene of Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Authors: Cawley John Joseph , Marramà Giuseppe , Carnevale Giorgio , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe pycnodontiform fishPycnodusis one of the representatives of the highly diverse actinopterygian fish fauna from the early Eocene Bolca Lagerstätte, representing one of the youngest and thus last occurrences of this extinct neopterygian clade. This genus has historically been used as a wastebasket taxon in regards to poorly known pycnodontiform fossils. Authors have argued over the specific status of the Bolca LagerstättePycnodusin terms of how many species are contained within the genus with some arguing for multiple species and others suggesting lumping all Bolca specimens together into one species.MethodsHere, we use a quantitative approach performing biometric and geometric morphometric analyses on 52 specimens ofPycnodusin order to determine if the morphological variability within the sample might be related to inter- or intraspecific variation.ResultsThe analyses revealed that the variations of body shape, morphometric and meristic characters cannot be used to distinguish different morphotypes. On the contrary, our results show a remarkable link between shape and size, related to ontogeny.DiscussionDifferences in body shape of small (juvenile) and large (adult) individuals is probably related to different microhabitats occupation on the Bolca reef with juveniles sheltering within crevices on the reef and adults being more powerful swimmers that swim above the coral. Taxonomically, we suggest that the BolcaPycnodusshould be referred to strictly asPycnodus apodusas this was the name given to the holotype. Additionally, an overview of species assigned toPycnodusis given.
Smart Liquid Transport on Dual Biomimetic Surface via Temperature Fluctuation Control
Authors: Li Chuxin , Yu Cunlong , Hao Dezhao , Wu Lei , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicrodevices that manipulate fluids to transport in a predefined direction and to switch flow directions under temperature stimuli are fundamental to the intelligent control of biomedical devices, thermal managements, lab‐on‐a‐chip, etc. Despite current advances in controlling drop transport, the amplitude of liquid motion is still limited with a low speed, and the flow direction is not well controlled because of the pinning of contact lines on surface defects. Learning from nature, here, two bioinspired principles derived from the peristome surface of the pitcher plant and the beak of the shorebird are fused into a composite, and a peristome–beak mimetic surface is fabricated with flow direction switching between uni‐ and bidirections under temperature fluctuations. Significantly, deposited water can intelligently find the transport path by itself on temperature‐patterned surface. This smart peristome–beak mimetic surface would extend the bioinspired design with multi‐integrations and find use in medical, microfluidic, and heat‐transfer systems.
Optimized Fibril Network Morphology by Precise Side‐Chain Engineering to Achieve High‐Performance Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Tao , Huo Lijun , Chandrabose Sreelakshmi , Chen Kai , Han Guangchao , Qi Feng , Meng Xiangyi , Xie Dongjun , Ma Wei , Yi Yuanping , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Liu Feng , Wang Jing , Yang Chuluo , Sun Yanming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA polymer fibril assembly can dictate the morphology framework, in forming a network structure, which is highly advantageous in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). A fundamental understanding of how to manipulate such a fibril assembly and its influence on the BHJ morphology and device performance is crucially important. Here, a series of donor–acceptor polymers, PBT1‐O, PBT1‐S, and PBT1‐C, is used to systematically investigate the relationship between molecular structure, morphology, and photovoltaic performance. The subtle atom change in side chains is found to have profound effect on regulating electronic structure and self‐assembly of conjugated polymers. Compared with PBT1‐O and PBT1‐S, PBT1‐C‐based OSCs show much higher photovoltaic performance with a record fill factor (FF) of 80.5%, due to the formation of optimal interpenetrating network morphology. Such a fibril network strategy is further extended to nonfullerene OSCs using a small‐molecular acceptor, which shows a high efficiency of 12.7% and an FF of 78.5%. The results indicate the formation of well‐defined fibrillar structure is a promising approach to achieving a favorable morphology in BHJ OSCs.
Interface Engineering of Carbon‐Based Nanocomposites for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Liang Yeru , Zhang Weicai , Wu Dingcai , Ni Qing‐Qing , Zhang Ming Qiu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbon‐based nanocomposites represent a fascinating class of materials, as they always demonstrate synergistic effects for energy storage applications when compared to their singular components. It has been found that interface engineering of carbon‐based nanocomposites, including structural design, synthesis, processing, and characterization of well‐defined interface between carbon and noncarbon materials, holds huge potential for enabling unprecedented electrochemical properties and fundamental breakthroughs. Accordingly, a review focusing on the research progress in this area is prepared on the basis of systematic analysis of literature in the following for academia and industries. Here, the interactions at the interface of nanocomposite structures that lead to significant synergistic effects and superior electrochemical performance are presented and highlighted. First, the efforts that have been made on preparation methodologies of carbon‐based nanocomposites, including noncovalent and covalent approaches, are comprehensively outlined. Then, particular attention is placed on the effects of the interface engineering on the electrochemical performance of different kinds of electrode materials applied in supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries. Finally, the challenges that still persist and the prospects of further development of advanced carbon‐based nanocomposite electrode materials by manipulating interfacial interaction are discussed.
Controlling Dual Molecular Pumps Electrochemically
Authors: Pezzato Cristian , Nguyen Minh T. , Kim Dong Jun , Anamimoghadam Ommid , Mosca Lorenzo , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: May 2018

AbstractArtificial molecular machines can be operated using either physical or chemical inputs. Light‐powered motors display clean and autonomous operations, whereas chemically driven machines generate waste products and are intermittent in their motions. Herein, we show that controlled changes in applied electrochemical potentials can drive the operation of artificial molecular pumps in a semi‐autonomous manner—that is, without the need for consecutive additions of chemical fuel(s). The electroanalytical approach described in this Communication promotes the assembly of cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) rings along a positively charged oligomeric chain, providing easy access to the formation of multiple mechanical bonds by means of a controlled supply of electricity.
Flexible and Hierarchical Metal–Organic Framework Composites for High‐Performance Catalysis
Authors: Huang Ning , Drake Hannah , Li Jialuo , Pang Jiandong , Wang Ying , Yuan Shuai , Wang Qi , Cai Peiyu , Qin Junsheng , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe development of porous composite materials is of great significance for their potentially improved performance over those of individual components and extensive applications in separation, energy storage, and heterogeneous catalysis. Now mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with macroporous melamine foam (MF) have been integrated using a one‐pot process, generating a series of MOF/MF composite materials with preserved crystallinity, hierarchical porosity, and increased stability over that of melamine foam. The MOF nanocrystals were threaded by the melamine foam networks, resembling a ball‐and‐stick model overall. The resulting MOF/MF composite materials were employed as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of cholesteryl esters. Combining the advantages of interpenetrative mesoporous and macroporous structures, the MOF/melamine foam composite has higher dispersibility and more accessibility of catalytic sites, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance.