bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neue Wege und Aufgaben in der Physiotherapie und Rehabilitation von bewegungsgestörten Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Langensiepen Sina , Junghänel Shino , Semler Oliver , Schönau Eckhard 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel des Rehabilitationskonzeptes ,,Auf die Beine“ wird gezeigt wie die Integration von existierenden klassischen Therapieformen mit funktionellen geräteunterstützten Therapieverfahren Muskel – und somit motorische Funktionen – verbessern kann. In diesem Bereich sind neue Betrachtungsweisen und Ideen notwendig. Insbesondere die Physiotherapie- und Rehabilitationsforschung sollte eine breitere Akzeptanz und Förderung erfahren. Zur kontinuierlichen Weiterentwicklung sind diagnostische Verfahren zur Evaluation muskulo-skelettaler Funktionen in Verbindung mit Methoden zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität und der zukünftig geforderten ,,International Classification of Function – ICF“ notwendig. Mit Zahl und Maß ist festzuhalten, wie über die Optimierung der Funktionen des neuro-muskulo-skelettalen Systems sich die Lebensbedingungen im Alltag hinsichtlich besserer Teilhabe am gesamten sozialen Geschehen und die individuelle Selbstständigkeit verändern.
Update: aggressives Verhalten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Rellum Thomas , Boida Elke , Gehrmann Jochen 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungAggressive Impulse sind primär physiologisch, entwicklungsabhängig und müssen von psychopathologischen Phänomenen mit Gewalt gegen andere unterschieden werden. Kinder, Jugendliche (und Erwachsene) sollten lernen, eigene Wünsche und Interessen sozial angemessen zu vertreten und durchzusetzen. Aggressives Verhalten erreicht im Entwicklungsverlauf etwa im Alter von zwei Jahren eine Höchstausprägung, persistiert nur bei einem relativ kleinen Anteil der Kinder und ist dann häufig assoziiert mit anderen sozialen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten. Frühes, d. h. noch vor dem 10. Lebensjahr beginnendes, aggressiv-dissoziales Verhalten ist prognostisch besonders ungünstig. Erziehungsunsicherheiten der Eltern, familiäre Strukturschwächen mit mangelnden Beziehungsangeboten bzw. sogar Gewalt als Erziehungsmittel, aber auch ein exzessiv hoher Medienkonsum begünstigen aggressiv-dissoziale Verhaltensmuster. Störungen im Sozialverhalten sind häufig assoziiert mit komorbiden Störungen, wie hyperkinetischen oder emotionalen Störungen. Die Interventionen sind stets interdisziplinär und umfassen pädagogische Maßnahmen, Elternberatung, Verhaltenstherapie, aber auch eine medikamentöse Behandlung. Neben Stimulanzien sind atypische Neuroleptika bzw. eine Kombination effektiv. Pädagogisch vorrangig sind eine Förderung der elterlichen Präsenz, eine frühe Intervention und Helfernetzwerke mit klaren Kooperationsstrukturen. Eskalierende Gewalt in Schulen erfordert eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit.
Systemic treatment of advanced differentiated and medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Fassnacht M. , Mueller S. P. , Kreissl M. C. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen Jahren wurden drei neue Substanzen für die molekular gezielte Therapie des fortgeschrittenen und progredienten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms zugelassen: Vandetanib und Cabozantinib für das medulläre Schilddrüsenkarzinom sowie Sorafenib für das Radioiod-refraktäre differenzierte Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Die Selektion der Patienten durch ein interdisziplinäres Team sowie die Aufklärung der Patienten spielt eine wesentliche Rolle, wenn diese Behandlung in Betracht gezogen bzw. begonnen wird. Nur Patienten mit hoher Tumorlast und/oder symptomatischer bzw. progredienter Erkrankung, die lokalen Therapien nicht zugänglich ist, sollten behandelt werden. Um eine gute Lebensqualität zu erhalten, ist das Management der unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen von größter Bedeutung. Aufgrund der Wirkweise der Tyrosinkinasehemmer ist der Verlauf der Tumormarker Calcitonin und Thyreoglobulin nur bedingt zur Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens und zum Follow-up geeignet, deshalb kommt der morphologischen und metabolischen Bildgebung besondere Bedeutung zu. Ein umschriebener oder geringer Progress sollte nicht unbedingt die Beendigung der Behandlung oder eine Therapieumstellung nach sich ziehen. In der nahen Zukunft werden weitere Substanzen verfügbar sein.
Tumor – Chemotherapie – Thrombose
Authors: Matzdorff A. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungThromboembolien sind keine seltene Komplikation bei der Behandlung von Tumoren. Zahlreiche Mechanismen verknüpfen Tumorwachstum und Gerinnungsaktivierung. Dazu kommen die thrombosefördernde Wirkung bestimmter Tumorwirkstoffe, das zunehmende Alter der Patienten und deren längeres überleben. Allen stationären Tumorpatienten sollte eine Thromboseprophylaxe angeboten werden. Bei ambulanten Patienten, die eine tumorspezifische Therapie erhalten, ist der Nutzen einer Thromboseprophylaxe bisher nicht sicher belegt. Bei ambulanten Myelom- Patienten, die IMiDe (Immune Modulatory Drugs; Thalidomid, Revlimid) erhalten und bei Pankreaskarzinom-Patienten mit Chemotherapie wird jedoch eine Thromboseprophylaxe empfohlen. Wenn eine Thromboembolie eingetreten ist gibt man bei Tumorpatienten ein niedermolekulares Heparin in therapeutischer Dosis (Näheres siehe Fachinformation) und solange die Tumorerkrankung aktiv ist, z.T. bis an das Lebensende des Patienten.
Die Radioiodtherapie in der Veterinärmedizin: Behandlung der Schilddrüsenüberfunktion bei einer Katze
Authors: Sabri O. , Kinzel S. , Zimny M. , Bachmann T. , Küpper W. , Büll U. , Reinartz P. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEine neun Jahre alte, europäische Langhaarkatze wurde mit Symptomen einer ausgeprägten Schilddrüsenüberfunktion im Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen vorgestellt. Sowohl die klinische Symptomatik als auch die Labordiagnostik und die apparativ erhobenen Befunde belegten das Vorliegen einer Hyperthyreose. Im Anschluß an eine fünfwöchige thyreostatische Therapie, mit der eine euthyreote Stoffwechsellage erreicht werden konnte, wurde eine Radioiodtherapie mit 70,3 MBq 131-lod durchgeführt. Nach einer nur zweitägigen komplikationslosen Hospitalisierung konnte die Katze in gutem Allgemeinzustand entlassen werden. Sechs Wochen nach der Therapie hatte sich das zuvor deutlich reduzierte Körpergewicht auf nahezu normgerechte Werte erhöht; klinische Symptome der Schilddrüsenüberfunktion ließen sich trotz einer laborchemisch diagnostizierten diskreten Gesamtthyroxinerhöhung nicht mehr nachweisen. Bei einer abschließenden Kontrolle drei Monate nach Entlassung wies die Katze ohne schilddrüsenspezifische Medikation eine euthyreote Stoffwechsellage auf. Der vorliegende Fall zeigt, daß die Radioiodtherapie als komplikationsarme und effiziente Methode zur Behandlung von Schilddrüsenüberfunktionen bei Kleintieren in der Veterinärmedizin geeignet ist.
Schilddrüsenhemiagenesie mit Immunthyreopathie
Authors: Gallowitsch H. J. , Kresnik E. , Lind P. , Mikosch P. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Hemiagenesie der Schilddrüse stellt eine seltene angeborene Veränderung dar. Diese angeborene Variante der Schilddrüsenanlage wird in den meisten Fällen durch Auffälligkeiten der Funktion oder der Größe des vorhandenen Schilddrüsenlappens zufällig gefunden. Der Fall einer 57jährigen Frau mit einer Schilddrüsenhemiagenesie in Kombination mit einer Immunthyreopathie Basedow wird vorgestellt. Die Zuweisung der Patientin zur Untersuchung erfolgte wegen einer Schilddrüsenüberfunktion. Die erforderlichen diagnostischen Schritte zur Erstellung dieser beiden Schilddrüsenveränderungen waren ein 99m-Tc-Schilddrüsenszintigramm, Ultraschall und Laborparameter der Schilddrüse (fT4, TT3, bTSH, TAK, TPO, TRAK).
Gallium-67 Citrate Scan in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Lin Wan-Yu , Hsieh Jih-Fang 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: Whole-body gallium scan was performed to evaluate the usefulness of gallium scan for detecting extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) lesions. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with extrapulmonary TB were included in this study. Four patients were found to have two lesions. Totally, 41 lesions were identified, including 19 TB arthritis, 8 spinal TB, 5 TB meningitis, 3 TB lymphadenopathy, 2 TB pericarditis, 1 TB peritonitis, 1 intestinal TB, 1 skin TB and 1 renal TB. Results: Of the 41 extrapulmonary TB lesions, gallium scan detected 32 lesions with a sensitivity of 78%. All the patients with TB meningitis showed negative gallium scan. When the five cases of TB meningitis were excluded, the detection sensitivity of gallium scan increased to 88.9% (32/36). Conclusion: Our data revealed that gallium scan is a convenient and useful method for evaluating extrapulmonary TB lesions other than TB meningitis. We suggest that gallium scan be included in the clinical routine for patients with suspected extrapulmonary TB.
Proteoglycan Composition and Biosynthesis in Superficial and Deep Digital Flexor Tendons of Standardbred Horses
Authors: Micklethwaite L. , Little C. B. , Hodgson D. R. , Rose R. J. , Ghosh P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryProteoglycan (PG) levels and their respective biosynthesis were determined in explant cultures taken from the mid-metacarpal (MMC) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) regions of normal equine superficial and deep digital flexor tendons. Five standard-bred horses (2-5 years old) were used and explants dissected from the MMC and MCP regions of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons. The explants (3 mm2) were cultured in Ham’s F12 media supplemented with 1% FBS. After 24 h, Na2S35SO4 was added and the culture continued for a further 48 h. The media was removed and the explants were lyophilized and weighed. The explants and media were then subject to papain digestion and the DNA and sulphated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG) concentrations and incorporation of [35S] sulphate into PGs determined by established methods.The MMC regions of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons contained less PGs than the MCP regions and these were predominantly small. The MCP regions, not only contained higher concentrations of PGs, but these were of larger hydrodynamic size. The incorporation of [35S] sulphate into PGs was also higher in explants from the MCP region. These data indicate that in those regions of equine flexor tendon, subjected to both, compression and tension, PG content and biosynthesis is higher than in regions which only transmit tensional loads. These findings are consistent with the adaptive role of tenocytes to the nature and level of the mechanical stresses imposed upon them.The proteoglycans (PGs) and DNA content and their biosynthesis were determined in cultures of expiants obtained from the mid-metacarpal (MMC) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) regions of normal superficial and deep digital flexor tendons of five standard bred horses (2– years old). It was shown that the MMC region of the superficial and deep flexor tendon contained less PGs than the MCP regions. Moreover, the biosynthesis of PGs was enhanced in the MCP explants and the size of these molecules was larger than made by cells of the MMC region.
Partial Physeolysis with Temporary Transphyseal Bridging for Correction of Physeal Dysplasia and Angular Limb Deformity in Two Yearling Horses*
Authors: Bene D. J. , Hoskinson J. J. , Gaughan E. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPectoral limb varus deformities, caused by medial distal radial physeal dysplasia were corrected in two young growing horses. These horses were (14 and 18 months of age) older than the generally accepted time period when periosteal elevation and transphyseal bridging would be successful. Partial circumferential resection (physeolysis) of the dysfunctional physes and placement of autogenous fat grafts in conjunction with transphyseal bridging appeared to assist correction of the angular deformity in these older horses.The correction of pectoral limb varus deformities in two young growing horses, caused by medial distal radial physeal dysplasia, is described.
Acute Failure Characteristics of Six Methods for Internal Fixation of Canine Femoral Oblique Fractures
Authors: Egger E. , Huhta J. , Histand M. , Mallinckrodt C. , Nye R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA long oblique osteotomy model of canine femoral fractures was created to compare six methods of internal fixation. The following methods were tested: three cerclage wires, three lag screws, eight-hole dynamic compression plate attached with six cerclage wires, eight-hole dynamic compression plate attached with six cortical screws, eight-hole dynamic compression plate attached with six cortical screws superimposed over three cerclage wires, and an eight-hole dynamic compression plate attached with six cortical screws superimposed over three lag screws. The repaired femurs were mounted in a mechanical testing machine in an orientation designed to mimic physiological loading. Axial compression was applied which resulted in the test specimens experiencing simultaneous compressive and bending forces. The effects of the method of osteotomy repair, bone temperature, and bone diameter were analyzed. The maximum load and the stiffness of the composite fixation and bones were determined. There were not any statistically significant differences in stiffness among the groups. All fixation methods, in which plates were attached with screws, resulted in significantly greater maximum load values than treatment techniques where plates were not used. None of the fixation methods attained a mean maximum load greater than 58% of the mean maximum load of the control femurs.Six methods of commonly used internal fixation methods are compared. A method of in vitro positioning of test femurs to mimic in vivo orientation is presented. Maximum load capabilities of fixation do not significantly increase with the addition of interfragmentary compression to plate fixation.
Elbow Arthrodesis in Twelve Dogs
Authors: Roe S. C. , Lewis D. D. , Renberg W. C. , Kerwin S. C. , Bebchuk T. N. , Haan J. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryClinical results of unilateral elbow arthrodesis were retrospectively reviewed in 12 dogs. Variables evaluated included signalment, indications for arthrodesis, surgical technique, elbow angle following the operation, complications, and final functional outcome. The elbow joint should be rigidly immobilized ideally using a bone plate applied to the caudal aspect of the humerus and ulna. The optimal angle of the elbow following arthrodesis appears to be 130° to 140°. Elbow arthrodesis is a salvage procedure, which can result in acceptable function of the limb, but mechanical lameness, due to inability to flex and extend the joint, remains in all animals that have undergone the operation.Clinical results of unilateral elbow arthrodesis were retrospectively reviewed in twelve dogs. Results indicated that the elbow joint should be rigidly immobilized at an angle of 130° to 140°, ideally using a bone plate applied to the caudal aspect of the humerus and ulna. Elbow arthrodesis is a salvage procedure, which can result in acceptable function, but abnormal gait remains in all dogs.
The Ovine Stifle as a Model for Human Cruciate Ligament Surgery
Authors: Radford W.J.P. , Stead A. C. , Amis A. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study evaluated the anatomy and biomechanics of the ovine stifle, with a view to its use as a model of the human knee joint.Stifles were dissected to define the internal anatomy, concentrating on the cruciate ligaments. The cranial cruciate ligament (CraCL) was assessed biomechanically at 30° and 90° flexion, intact, with the craniomedial bundle (CraMB) divided, and after complete transection. Craniocaudal (C-C) and internal-external rotatory stability were assessed. The tensile strength of the CraCL was determined.The morphology of the ovine stifle was similar to the human knee. Sequential sectioning of the bundles of the CraCL caused increasing cranial laxity of the joint. Rotational laxity also increased as the CraCL was divided, as well as with progressive joint flexion. It was concluded that the ovine stifle is a valid animal model for the human knee for work on the cruciate ligaments.The anatomy and biomechanics of the ovine stifle were studied, with a view to assessing the suitability of the joint as a surgical model for the cruciate ligaments of the human knee. The ligaments, joint stability and cranial cruciate ligament strength were measured. It was concluded that the ovine stifle is a valid model of the human knee for this purpose.
Arthroscopy of the Elbow in Dogs
Authors: Bardet J. F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe technique of arthroscopy of the elbow joint using the craniolateral portal is described in dogs. The technique was developed on ten cadavers and six experimental dogs. It allows a direct visualization of the cranial bony structures of the elbow of the cranial recess as well as of the humeroulnar joint and anconeal process through the supratrochlear foramen. The technique appears safe and reliable. Postoperative neurovascular injuries were not observed.The technique of arthroscopy of the elbow joint using the craniolateral portal is described in dogs.
Development of an in vitro Model for the Study of the Response of Equine Tendon Fibroblasts to Injury and Medication
Authors: Rosenbusch R. F. , Booth L. C. , Dahlgren L. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryEquine tendon fibroblasts were isolated from explants of superficial digital flexor tendon, subcultured and maintained in monolayers. The cells were characterized by light microscopy, electron microscopy and radiolabel studies for proteoglycan production. Two predominant cell morphologies were identified. The cells dedifferentiated toward a more spindle shape with repeated subcultures. Equine tendon fibroblasts were successfully cryopreserved and subsequently subcultured. The ability to produce proteoglycan was preserved.The isolated cells were identified as fibroblasts, based on their characteristic shape by light microscopy and ultrastructure and the active production of extracellular matrix proteins. Abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and the production of extracellular matrix products demonstrated active protein production and export. Proteoglycans were measurable via liquid scintillation counting in both the cell-associated fraction and free in the supernatant. This model is currently being utilized to study the effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on tendon healing. Future uses include studying the effects of other pharmaceuticals, such as hyaluronic acid, on tendon healing.A model was developed for in vitro investigations into tendon healing. Fibroblasts were isolated from equine superficial digital flexor tendons and maintained in monolayer culture. The tenocytes were characterized via light and electron microscopy. Proteoglycan production was measured, using radio-label techniques. The fibroblasts were cryopreserved and subsequently subcultured. The cells maintained their capacity for proteoglycan production, following repeated subculturing and cryopreservation.
Identification of a Distal Nerve Sheath Tumour by a Caudolateral Approach to the Caudal Compartment of the Stifle Joint
Authors: Rogers K. S. , Steinheimer D. , Bouley D. , Schulz K. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryNumerous approaches to the stifle joint have been described for therapy of bone and joint diseases. The ease of these techniques, the adequacy of their exposure, and the presence of the neurovascular plexus in the caudal region of the stifle joint make a caudal approach impractical for routine use. Diseases of the caudal compartment of the stifle joint or neuro-vascular plexus may, however, necessitate surgery in this region. In the case presented, development of an approach to the caudal region was necessary for diagnosis of a distal nerve sheath tumour of a branch of the tibial nerve.Nerve sheath tumours in the dog occur most commonly in the brachial plexus or nerve roots. They infrequently occur in distal nerves and present with chronic and often severe pain. In this case a nerve sheath tumour of the tibial nerve was identified after a 16-month history of lameness and pain. Diagnosis required development of a caudolateral approach to the caudal compartment of the stifle joint. Amputation of the left hind limb was performed after confirmation of the diagnosis.
Comparative Effects of Fixation and Storage on Bone Tetracycline Fluorescence
Authors: Wilson J. W. , Arighi M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAs an adjunct to an ongoing project, ends of longbones, including the growth plate, were collected from tetracycline labelled immature rabbits and calves. Samples were stored from a few days up to two months at room temperature, refrigerator temperature (+4°C), –20°C, or –70°C, and unfixed, formalin-fixed or alcohol-fixed. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of cut sections were evaluated. Freezing resulted in the least alteration. Fixed bone samples (alcohol or formalin) all progressively discoloured with increasing storage. Comparison between fresh, stored and differently fixed sections did not identify any change in the measured distance between labels; though the clarity of the labels was affected. Formalin fixation and storage did not result in mark degradation nor alteration of the labels.Tetracycline fluorescence, in labelled growth plates, was evaluated following storage from a few days up to two months at various temperatures and unfixed, formalin-fixed or alcohol-fixed. Neither the method of storage nor the fixative effected the measured distance between sequential labels in specimens. Fixed bone samples all discoloured with increasing storage. Previous literature alluded to problems with formalin fixation could not be substantiated in this study.
Effects of EGF, FGF, and PDGF on Canine Chondrocytes in Three-Dimensional Culture
Authors: Kreeger J. M. , Payne J. T. , Tomlinson J. L. , Cook J. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThree-dimensional (3-D) culture of chondrocytes has been shown to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and production of matrix while providing for cell morphology and matrix characteristics that resemble normal articular cartilage (1-3). In a recently published study, enhanced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production was demonstrated in canine chondrocytes in 3-D culture on cancellous bone substrate (3). The effects of growth factors known to be present in cryopreserved bone were suggested to be responsible. Various growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) have been shown to enhance chondrocyte DNA production, mitotic activity, and matrix production (5-10). The objective of the study reported here was to evaluate the effects of one concentration of EGF, FGF, and PDGF on canine chondrocyte proliferation and production of normal matrix constituents in 3-D culture.Canine articular chondrocytes were cultured in three-dimensional medium for 25 days. EGF, FGF, and PDGF were added to the culture medium. Chondrocytes in 3-D culture maintained viability and differentiation. Cell morphology and matrix production resembled that of intact hyaline cartilage. Significant differences with respect to cell counts, glycosaminoglycan concentration, or collagen type II immuno-reactivity as the result of added growth factors were not found.