bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where do the challenges to the territorial integrity of Russia come from?
Authors: Peshcherov Georgii Ivanovich 
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the most urgent problem of the present – the territorial integrity of Russia, where the author analyzes the threat to the national security of the country in the conditions of the current aggravation of the international situation. The author makes a philosophical interpretation of the concept of national security and conducts an analysis of a unique combination of a set of Russian peoples, united by a centuries-old idea of a single state. Considering the different periods of the historical development of Russia, the author gives grounded arguments, confirming the constant desire of our «kind» neighbors to share the rich Russian pie. Considering a direct threat from the US, the author quotes statements of statesmen whose words are evidence of an aggressive policy towards Russia.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some Aminothiazole Derivatives as Antileishmanial Agents
Authors: Rezaei Zahra , Sarkari Bahador , Khabnadideh Soghra , Farjami Mahbobeh , Mehrjou Mahsa , Yazdi Atefeh , Riazimontazer Elham , Fararouei Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Leishmaniasis is a major health problem which is caused by the protozoan
parasite of the genus Leishmania. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one type of leishmaniasis and selflimited
in most of the cases. However, when the lesions come with scars, they make a deep lifelong
stigma. Despite being WHO's research priority, the optimum treatment for this disease has not
been found yet. The current study aimed to synthesize and assess the activity of some new aminothiazole
compounds against Leishmania major-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice.

Methods:
Eight new aminothiazole derivatives were synthesized and their chemical structures
were characterized by spectral data 1H-NMR spectroscopy, Mass spectrophotometry and elemental
analysis. L. major parasites were inoculated into the tail base of BALB/c mice and the induced lesions
were treated every other day with three different doses of the synthesized compounds against
meglumine antimoniate as the drug reference for two weeks. Size of the lesions was observed for
three weeks and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Also, these compounds are
docked into the active site of 14- α-demethylase as the targets in the treatment of leishmaniasis.

Results:
Among the synthesized aminothiazole derivatives, compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 had good
leishmanicidal effects. Docking binding energies showed that the synthesized compounds could act
as inhibitors for 14- α-demethylase.

Conclusions:
Among the synthesized compounds, compound 3, (N-((4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)
methyl)thiazol-2-amine) was the most promising one which deserves future studies for the treatment
of leishmaniasis.
Nanocarriers Based Novel Drug Delivery as Effective Drug Delivery: A Review
Authors: Shirsath Nitin R. , Goswami Ajaygiri K. 
Published: May 2019

Background:A lot of people are facing some health-related problems in day to day life. The conventional drug delivery is not able to cure it alone, moreover, some drugs have poor solubility, low half-life and show lesser bioavailability. It is necessary to conduct research on carrier-based nanoparticulate drug delivery, this is an alternative approach to alter/eliminate the problem of conventional dosing for better effectiveness, patient compliance, and effective drug targeting.Objective:To develop a carrier-based nanoparticulate drug delivery system for the elimination of problems associated with conventional dosage form.Method:In this review, different problems associated with conventional dosage form as well as potential advantages of the nanoparticulate delivery systems have been discussed. We also discussed their different route for administration such as oral, intranasal, ocular, transdermal, vaginal etc. for effective drug targeting. It has been found that different nanocarriers based drug delivery have been able to enhance the bioavailability, solubility, minimized adverse effect as well as effective in Gene delivery also. Ionic gelation, Solvent evaporation, emulsification, homogenization, lyophilisation, etc. are techniques used for their development.Conclusion:The carrier-based drug delivery technique act as an effective drug delivery system for the treatment of various diseases/disorders as well as provides better efficiency, bioavailability and improve patient compliance.
Personal Pronoun in Japanese Based on Gender (Structure and Semantic Study)
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial 
Published: May 2019

<p><em>This research analyzed the personal pronouns of Japanese from structure and semantics based on gender. This research useddescriptive method. To discuss the personal pronoun, the theories used include the theory of Lyons (1997), Samsuri (1980), Djajasudarma (1993), Moeliono, et al. (1993), Alwi, et al. (1998), Quirck, et al. (1985), Keraf (1990), Bambang Kaswanti (1983). while For pronouns, used the theory of Oya (1992), Tomita (1993), Kindaichi (1993). The theory used for gender research was the theory of Tsujimura (1995). The results of this Research shows that the personal pronouns of Japanese are different between The speaker and the listener or addresser and addresseeboth male and female and as well as neutral. The conclusion of this study is that based on gender, personal pronoun in Japanese is different. The differences come between the greeters and the greeted or speaker and his/her partners on male and female basis</em></p>
Analisis preferensi pilihan jenis pekerjaan di Bangka Belitung
Authors: Basorudin Muhammad , Humairo Nadia 
Published: May 2019

Preference of job choice is a study to look the pattern of the economy in a region. This study is also used as an alternative measure to look at the economy structure in that region other than GDP distribution. The purpose of this study is to determine the preferences of the working age population in choosing the type of employment based on the number of working hours and gender. By using logistic multinomial regression model, the variables used are the categorical independent variables ie gender (male and female) and working hours (0-34 hours and 35+ hours per week) and the nominal response variable ie primary jobs (primary, secondary, and tertiary). The results showed that variables the number of working hours and gender significantly affect the main types of primary jobs.
Local Knowledge “Makiriwo” in The Sustainable Livelihood Perspective (Case of Apulea Coconut Farm Community in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: Kotalaha Yosafat , Sasongko Gatot 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to describe a portrait of Apulea community in North Halmahera District which is located in the border region between Indonesia-Philippines and North Halmahera-West Halmahera District. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach that specifically describes a survival strategy for the sustainability of the livelihoods of coconut farmers in the village of Apulea in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia. Retrieval of research data using in-depth interview techniques, document observation and study. The informants involved in this study were selected selectively based on livelihoods and experience using social capital and cultural capital as a strategy to achieve livelihood sustainability. The results of this study indicate that local knowlidge makiriwo is embodied in natural resource capital and social capital that is used to sustain life amid barriers to acces to financial capital, physical capital and human capital.
Tekirdağ’da Görev Yapan Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Dışlanma Düzeyi
Authors: DÖNMEZ Huriye , METE Yar Ali 
Published: May 2019

Öz: Bu
çalışmanın amacı Tekirdağ’da görev yapan öğretmenlerin örgütsel dışlanma
düzeyini ölçmektir. Bu araştırma tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın
evrenini 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Tekirdağ’da görev yapan öğretmenler
oluşturmaktadır. Oransız eleman örnekleme ile 600 öğretmene ulaşılmıştır.
Araştırmada örgütsel dışlanmanın cinsiyet, medeni durum, yaş, kurumdaki konum,
eğitim durumu ve kurumdaki çalışma yılına göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı
çalışmanın alt problemlerini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada verileri elde etmek
için Örgütsel Dışlanma ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS
programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilere göre
2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Tekirdağ’da görev yapan öğretmenlerin örgütsel
dışlanma düzeylerinin düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel dışlanma
düzeyine bakıldığında medeni durum haricindeki diğer özellikler açısından
herhangi bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Katılımcıların cinsiyetine, yaşına,
eğitim durumuna, kurumdaki konumuna ve kurumdaki çalışma süresine göre örgütsel
dışlanma düzeyi farklılaşmamaktadır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda sadece medeni
duruma göre örgütsel dışlanma düzeyi farklılaşmaktadır. Bu farklılaşmada ise
bekar katılımcıların evli katılımcılara göre örgütsel dışlanma düzeyinin daha
yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
Anahtar sözcükler: Dışlanma,
örgüt, örgütsel dışlanma, öğretmen
“A Genuine Old-Fashioned English Butler”: Nationalism and Conservative Politics in The Remains of the Day
Authors: Horton Emily 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the context of twenty-first century global conservatism, where anti-immigrant sentiment is everywhere apparent, the importance of Ishiguro’s writing arguably lies in its on-going challenge to this perspective’s faulty logic and its capacity to reveal the radical violence behind nationalist political attacks on minority and immigrant populations. In this article I explore this challenge explicitly through a politically-oriented reading of The Remains of the Day (1989), highlighting this novel’s joint critique of Thatcherite nationalism and late twentieth century global entrepreneurialism. While this focus obviously represents a response to an earlier socio-political moment, defined by its own unique amalgam of ideological anxieties, nevertheless what emerges most prominently through this reading is the novel’s topical condemnation of cultural essentialism and its attendant hierarchies, concerns which remain of utmost critical significance within the twenty-first century. Thus, by making this assessment explicit, highlighting British conservatism’s devastating psychological and material implications for affected individuals, ranging from repressed and traumatised psychologies to radical economic precarity, this novel can be seen to register Thatcherite prejudice in a poignantly relevant manner. Indeed, the pseudo-respect granted to the ‘genuine old-fashioned English butler’ in this novel might also be seen as comparable to Trump’s pseudo-populism or Brexit nostalgia, both of which likewise ignore the pressing reality of imperialism’s historical violence.
Reading Kazuo Ishiguro’s “Bewilderment Trilogy” as Bildungsromane
Authors: Schneider Ana-Karina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this essay, Kazuo Ishiguro’s “Bewilderment Trilogy” is read as a series of Bildungsromane that test the limits of that genre. In these thematically unrelated novels, characters reach critical points in their lives when they are confronted with the ways in which their respective childhoods have shaped their grownup expectations and professional careers. In each, the protagonist has a successful career, whether as a musician (The Unconsoled), a detective (When We Were Orphans), or a carer (Never Let Me Go), but finds it difficult to overcome childhood trauma. Ishiguro’s treatment of childhood in these novels foregrounds the tension between individual subjectivity and the formal strictures and moral rigors of socialisation. In this respect, he comes close to modernist narratives of becoming, particularly James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Narrative strategies such as epiphanies and the control of distance and tropes such as boarding schools and journeys to foreign lands provide the analytical coordinates of my comparative study. While raising the customary questions of the Bildungsroman concerning socialisation and morality, I argue, Ishiguro manipulates narration very carefully in order to maintain a non-standard yet meaningful gap between his protagonists’ understanding of their lives and the reader’s.
Assessing the progression of metal concentrations in plastic components and printed wiring boards of end-of-life mobile cell phones
Authors: Adie Gilbert Umaye , Adetayo-Balogun Aminat , Agudosi Chidiebere Mmaduka 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study assessed the progression of Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations in plastic components (PCs) and printed wiring boards (PWBs) of 59 end-of-life (EoL) mobile phones (MPs) produced between 2000 and 2015 by two leading original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) patronized by Nigerians. This was done to study the behavior of OEMs in complying with some widely acceptable regulations. Metals in PCs and PWBs of MPs were extracted following EPA 3050B method and extracts were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. Furthermore, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test was conducted on selected samples to assess metal leachability in landfill conditions. Summary of results (mg/kg) for PCs and PWBs for MPs produced by OEM 1 and OEM 2 in brackets ranged thus: PCs, Pb: 5.00 –195 (LOD-1750), Cr: LOD-6050 (LOD-2170) and Cd: LOD-1.00 (LOD-5.75) while PWBs, Pb:129-9750 (5.00-12125), Cr: LOD-5488 (LOD-4000) and Cd: LOD-1.00 (0.25-1.00). There were no regular trends for all metals for both OEMs. Results suggest that a greater percentage of MPs produced till 2015 contained Pb and Cr higher than RoHS and TTLC limits. Furthermore, 50% of TCLP extracts contain Pb higher than EPA limit of 5 mg/L. Therefore, EoL MPs arising in Nigeria should be handled as hazardous materials.
Kualitas Serat Hasil Pengembangan Tanaman Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L) pada Lahan Pasca Tambang Batubara
Authors: Roby Roby , Yuanita Yuanita , Dwi Mentari F.Silvi 
Published: May 2019

Kenaf is a stem-fiber producer from the Malvaceae family that is getting serious attention from the industrial world because it has commercial value and is an environmentally friendly fiber plant due to the high kenaf ability to absorb CO2.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The experiment of developing the kenaf plant as an effort to exploit the former coal mine in Tanah Datar Village, Muara Badak Subdistrict, East Kalimantan Province, has been done and shows that kenaf is able to grow well on the land after it was first given biochar and planted with Legume Cover Crop Mucuna sp.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Subsequent research shows that the kenaf fibers grown on the former coal mine have good quality seen from the analysis of quality test and fiber resistance produced.
Dissertation Studies on the History of Librarianship: Historiographical Review
Authors: Pleshkevich Evgeniy A. 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the article is to present the historiographical review of the studies on the history of domestic librarianship, aimed at summarizing the interim results and identifying the trends in development of the history of library construction. The author determines that the research works on library construction in the USSR republics prevail in the studies on the history of librarianship. Research works on the history of library construction in Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine dominate among them. Since the 1990s, the vector has shifted to the study of library construction in certain regions, areas and Autonomous republics of Russia. The regions of greatest interest are Siberia and the Urals, as well as Tatarstan, Bashkiria and Orenburg region. In chronological terms, the most studies are devoted to the history of Soviet library construction. In addition to comprehensive research studies, the works on the history of formation and development of particular library technologies — such as creation of collections, book description and library services — occupy a definite place. The history of library education is of considerable interest to the experts. The researchers studied the history of library science in sufficient detail.The author noted that there formed the central and regional schools in the field of history of librarianship. Moscow and St. Petersburg schools occupy the main place among them.The author determined that the lack of synthetic, comprehensive scientific research in the area of source studies, archaeography and historiography of the history of librarianship is the main drawback hindering the development of the history of librarianship. The article notes that without these studies it is impossible to conduct the generalized research covering the history of the domestic librarianship from its origin to the present time. The article continues the earlier studies.
Ramón J. Cárcano: ejercicio de la historiografía, liberalismo y diplomacia. Una aproximación
Authors: Escudero Eduardo A.  
Published: May 2019

Resumen
Este artículo se acerca a una figura, aunque de algún modo principal, un tanto descuidada por la historia de la historiografía en la Argentina y en Latinoamérica: la del cordobés Ramón J. Cárcano (1860-1946). Se está en presencia de un historiador liberal que suelda su intervención intelectual y política con una tradición historiográfica fundada en Buenos Aires, mixturando a su vez esa práctica, por cierto constante y sistemática, en los tiempos e instancias de un derrotero clásico, propio de un miembro destacado de la elite política del reformismo liberal, que ubica a la historia en la médula de su disputa por el poder.
El examen propuesto documenta e interpreta el esfuerzo de síntesis historiográfica resuelto por Cárcano, concreción que proyecta el territorio historiográfico al plano de la historia diplomática y política y está dispuesto a indagar, fundamentalmente, las vinculaciones entre Argentina y Brasil durante gran parte del siglo XIX. Asimismo, se busca arribar a la conceptualización que el mismo intelectual efectuara sobre la Historia y sobre su propia labor historiográfica en el contexto argentino con sus respectivos referentes, recuperando luego las voces de sus críticos para acceder al lugar ocupado por el cordobés en distintos planos del panorama intelectual e historiográfico de la Argentina y de Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta casi finalizados los años treinta.
Palabras clave
Historiografía, Liberalismo, Diplomacia.
Abstract
This article approaches a figure, albeit somehow principal, rather overlooked by the history of historiography in Argentina: that of the Cordobese Ramón J. Cárcano (1860-1946). One is in front of a liberal historian that welds his intellectual and political intervention into a historiographic tradition founded in Buenos Aires, mixing simultaneously that practice, incidentally constant and systematic, in the times and moments of a classic course characteristic of an outstanding member of the political elite of liberal reformism, placing history in the heart of the power dispute.
The analysis proposed documents and interprets the effort of historiographic synthesis resolved by Cárcano, a realisation that projects the historiographic territory onto the plane of diplomatic and poltical history, and is ready to investigate, fundamentally, the links between Argentina and Brazil during a great part of the 19th century. Likewise, the intention is to arrive at the conceptualisation which the intellectual himself would make about History and his own historiography work in the Argentinian context with its respective references, retrieving later on his critics’ voices, to access the position of the Cordobese in the different levels of the intellectual and historiographic panorama in Argentina and Brazil from the end of the 19th century to the late thirties.
Key Words
Historiography, Liberalism, Diplomacy.
Itinerarios de la historia del tiempo presente. Del IHTP de la post-guerra a la “globalización de la memoria”
Authors: Langue Frédérique 
Published: May 2019

Resumen
Esta síntesis retoma las principales etapas de la creación del Instituto de Historia del Tiempo Presente en Francia haciendo hincapié en la legitimación de esta novedosa corriente historiográfica. Asimismo considera la inserción de la misma en las problemáticas memoriales de hoy, especialmente ante el fenómeno de “globalización de la memoria”.
Palabras clave
Historia del tiempo presente, memoria, IHTP, pasado, historiografía.
Abstract
This synthesis takes up the main stages of the creation of the Institute of the History of Present Time in France with emphasis on the legitimation of this innovative historiographical current. It also considers the insertion of the history of present time in nowadays issues regarding memory, facing particularly the phenomenon of “globalization of the memory”.
Key Words
History of present Time, Memory, IHTP, Past, Historiography.
La rêverie d'essor ou comment Marcelle, ne pouvant se mouiller les pieds dans la mer, y plonge ses songes
Authors: TAUVERON Catherine 
Published: May 2019

Ne te mouille pas les pieds, Marcelle (Come away from the water, Shirley) de John Burningham est un album qui, en son temps (1977), remit en cause les conventions du genre 1) en racontant simultanément deux histoires ou montrant deux mondes parallèles sur les pages de gauche et celles de droite : sur les pages de gauche le monde « réel » d’un après-midi familial à la plage, sur les pages de droite le monde imaginaire de la petite Marcelle (Shirley) qui s’échappe des injonctions maternelles, par la rêverie éveillée, dans une aventure de pirates, de trésor caché et d’auto-couronnement ; 2) en plongeant le lecteur au coeur même d’un monde intérieur enfantin, livré nu, sans commentaire ou supervision adulte, ; 3) en délivrant aux enfants un message qu’on dira libertaire. Nous étudions les rapports de cause à effet des deux mondes parallèles, leur mode de construction, graphique et narratologique, la gestation de la rêverie enfantine, sa signification ainsi que celle de la cartographie imaginaire qui l’accompagne.
Mots-clés: mondes juxtaposés dans espaces/temps différents, plongée dans le subconscient enfantin, rêverie éveillée compensatoire, aventure maritime glorifiante
"To dream, or not to dream" – "Sofies Welt", eine philosophische traum-lese-reise
Authors: NEIS Kathrin Svenja 
Published: May 2019

Jostein Gaarders philosophischer Roman Sofies Welt war in den 1990er Jahren äußerst populär, nicht nur bei Kindern. Der Aufsatz versucht der Besonderheit des Textes nachzuspüren, indem er speziell den Aspekt der Reise und des Traums in den Blick nimmt. Dabei argumentiere ich, dass gerade die Kombination dieser beiden Elemente in Verbindung mit der Lehre von Philosophiegeschichte grundlegende Eigenschaften des Erzählens an sich, wie Illusion und Weltenkonstruktion, offenbart. Neben einer ‘Bildungsreise’ erleben die Leser so die Illustration philosophischer Fragestellungen wie des ontologischen Grundgedankens von der ‘Welt als Traum’.
Schlagwörter: philosophischer Roman, Konstruktivismus, Ontologie, Traum, Reise, Erzählen