bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of mixing eggs of different initial incubation time on the hatching pattern, chick embryonic development and post-hatch performance
Authors: Zhong Zhentao , Yu Yue , Jin Shufang , Pan Jinming 
Published: April 2018

Background
The hatch window that varies from 24 to 48 h is known to influence post-hatch performance of chicks. A narrow hatch window is needed for commercial poultry industry to acquire a high level of uniformity of chick quality. Hatching synchronization observed in avian species presents possibilities in altering hatch window in artificial incubation.

Methods
Layer eggs which were laid on the same day by a single breeder flock and stored for no more than two days started incubation 12 h apart to obtain developmental distinction. The eggs of different initial incubation time were mixed as rows adjacent to rows on day 12 of incubation. During the hatching period (since day 18), hatching time of individual eggs and hatch window were obtained by video recordings. Embryonic development (day 18 and 20) and post-hatch performance up to day 7 were measured.

Results
The manipulation of mixing eggs of different initial incubation time shortened the hatch window of late incubated eggs in the manipulated group by delaying the onset of hatching process, and improved the hatchability. Compared to the control groups, chick embryos or chicks in the egg redistribution group showed no significant difference in embryonic development and post-hatch performance up to day 7.

Discussion
We have demonstrated that eggs that were incubated with advanced eggs performed a narrow spread of hatch with higher hatchability, normal embryonic development as well as unaffected chick quality. This specific manipulation is applicable in industrial poultry production to shorten hatch window and improve the uniformity of chick quality.
Homofobia na Escola: Problematizando Gênero e Sexualidade entre estudantes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Souza Silva Luan Layzon , Leite Junior Francisco Francinete 
Published: April 2018

<p>Para além do ensino e aprendizagem a escola deve ser cultivadora de socialização, proporcionando espaços seguros para que aconteçam encontros, desencontros, contatos, comunicações e diversidades. Longe dessa realidade a escola compõe uma rede de mecanismos sociais de formação de sujeitos ideais e como instituição apresenta-se como lugar restritivo que na maioria das vezes não cumpre com seu papel de ser cultivador da diversidade pelo cumprimento de suas normas e regras socialmente construídas, colocando á margem todos aqueles que não se enquadram em seus ideais. O presente trabalho objetivou problematizar gênero e sexualidade dentro do contexto escolar com foco nas questões de homofobia, apresentando-se como pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e natureza exploratória, se configurando em uma pesquisa-intervenção. Oficinas foram realizadas em uma escola de ensino médio da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte-Ceará, com estudantes da devida instituição, sendo tematizado os conceitos fundamentais da pesquisa e os dados obtidos no devido trabalho foram organizados em categorias onde se trabalhou esses devidos conceitos, as experiências de gênero e sexualidade dentro da escola e a homofobia, construindo-se análise de conteúdo. Como resultados conclui-se que as vivências de gênero e sexualidade na escola estão pautadas em medo, sofrimento e violação de direitos, onde não existe espaço para se discutir temas como esses e vivenciá-los.</p>
Raça, Classe e Gênero: uma nova divindade de três cabeças
Authors: Bouteldja Houria 
Published: April 2018

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Essa intervenção foi inicialmente lida no 7o Congresso Internacional de Pesquisas Feministas na Francofonia ocorrido em Montréal em agosto de 2015 e posteriormente apresentada na Universidade de Havre em Paris em novembro de 2015 durante o colóquio “Lutas Coloniais e Decoloniais na França de Ontem e de Hoje”. A versão original encontra-se publicada em: &lt; http://indigenes-republique.fr/race-classe-et-genre-une-nouvelle-divinite-a-trois-tetes-2/&gt;.</span></p>
Mulher na Mídia: uma análise crítica das abordagens sobre casos de violência contra mulher em jornais do Maranhão
Authors: Ribeiro Geysa Fernandes 
Published: April 2018

<p>Neste trabalho temos a preocupação de analisar criticamente as abordagens dos jornais maranhenses “O Estado” e “Jornal Pequeno” sobre os casos de violência contra as mulheres nos anos de 2013 a 2015, avaliando 307 reportagens. Além disso, pretendemos identificar como a imagem da mulher é construída pela mídia, verificar os discursos utilizados nos jornais ao relatar casos de violência contra a mulher, discutir a relevância dada a esses tipos de violência e destacar a frequência com que os jornais reservam espaços para comunicar as formas de denúncia em situações que envolvem violência à mulher. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de abordagem dialético, que considera que os fatos não podem ser considerados fora do seu contexto social. Nesta pesquisa discutimos gênero como uma categoria que é construída socialmente e sua relação com o fenômeno da violência. Destacamos o espaço de poder ocupado pela mídia, mostrando como esta pode construir o discurso da violência e ser até certo ponto conivente com tipos de violação. A partir das análises realizadas, é possível constatar que há nas notícias publicadas nos jornais impressos mais destaque às imagens do que à contextualização dos fatos. Dessa forma, podemos perceber que: os casos de violência contra as mulheres estão na sua grande maioria nas páginas policiais dos jornais; mesmo quando uma notícia não se refere exclusivamente a uma prática feminina é a figura da mulher que é colocada em evidência; os discursos utilizados para falar sobre a violência contra a mulher é meramente descritivo; só são temas de reportagens as violências físicas e sexuais; e não há nos casos de violência, informações sobre as leis e políticas públicas que podem assegurar as mulheres em situação de violência. De modo geral, os jornais têm sido um espaço muito mais comercial do que propriamente informativo.</p><p><strong>Palavras- chave</strong>: Mulher, Violência e Mídia</p>
Antibacterial Activity of Constituents from Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana Fruit Pericarp against Several Channel Catfish Pathogens
Authors: Meepagala Kumudini M. , Schrader Kevin K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Bacterial diseases cause major financial damage to the producers of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the southeastern USA. The two most common bacterial diseases among pond-raised Channel Catfish are enteric septicemia of catfish, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri, and columnaris disease, caused by the rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium columnare. Streptococcosis is another, less-common bacterial disease in catfish and is caused by the gram-positive coccus Streptococcus iniae. Catfish farmers typically rely on commercial antibiotics and other chemicals to prevent the economic damage from these diseases. Environmentally benign and efficacious alternatives to the currently used antibiotics and chemicals will tremendously help the catfish aquaculture industry. As part of our ongoing efforts in the search for such novel compounds, we investigated ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of mangosteen Garcinia mangostana fruit pericarp via bioassay-guided fractionation. Gamma-mangostin (γ-mangostin) was isolated and identified as the most promising active metabolite against F. columnare. One of the constituents in the mangosteen fruit pericarp, alpha-mangostin (α-mangostin), is the major xanthone; α-mangostin was found to be 10-fold less active than γ-mangostin when minimum inhibitory concentration values were compared.
Quality assurance of geometric accuracy based on an electronic portal imaging device and log data analysis for Dynamic WaveArc irradiation
Authors: Hirashima Hideaki , Miyabe Yuki , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Mizowaki Takashi , Hiraoka Masahiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a simple verification method for the routine quality assurance (QA) of Dynamic WaveArc (DWA) irradiation using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images and log data analysis. First, an automatic calibration method utilizing the outermost multileaf collimator (MLC) slits was developed to correct the misalignment between the center of the EPID and the beam axis. Moreover, to verify the detection accuracy of the MLC position according to the EPID images, various positions of the MLC with intentional errors in the range 0.1–1 mm were assessed. Second, to validate the geometric accuracy during DWA irradiation, tests were designed in consideration of three indices. Test 1 evaluated the accuracy of the MLC position. Test 2 assessed dose output consistency with variable dose rate (160–400 MU/min), gantry speed (2.2–6°/s), and ring speed (0.5–2.7°/s). Test 3 validated dose output consistency with variable values of the above parameters plus MLC speed (1.6–4.2 cm/s). All tests were delivered to the EPID and compared with those obtained using a stationary radiation beam with a 0° gantry angle. Irradiation log data were recorded simultaneously. The 0.1‐mm intentional error on the MLC position could be detected by the EPID, which is smaller than the EPID pixel size. In Test 1, the MLC slit widths agreed within 0.20 mm of their exposed values. The averaged root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of the dose outputs was less than 0.8% in Test 2 and Test 3. Using log data analysis in Test 3, the RMSE between the planned and recorded data was 0.1 mm, 0.12°, and 0.07° for the MLC position, gantry angle, and ring angle, respectively. The proposed method is useful for routine QA of the accuracy of DWA.
Magnetically Induced Low Adhesive Direction of Nano/Micropillar Arrays for Microdroplet Transport
Authors: Lin Yucai , Hu Ziying , Zhang Miaoxin , Xu Ting , Feng Shile , Jiang Lei , Zheng Yongmei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA kind of superhydrophobic magnetic nano/micropillar array (MNA) with optimized intrinsic dynamic wetting property has characteristics of magnetically induced dynamic tilt‐angle changes, which achieves the controlling of the directional droplet transport effectively. It is revealed that MNA has a low adhesive gradient along the direction of magnetically induced tilt‐angles. A tilt‐angles of nano/micropillars in the range of 0°–59° is realized by controlling the magnetic field intensity (0–490 mT), so that a droplet (10 µL) can be transported on MNA from one pillar to the next along the tilt‐angle direction. It is proposed that the continuous changes of magnetically induced dynamic tilt‐angles on MNA induce a gradient driving force to act on the droplet, in addition to cooperation with the low adhesive direction that results from unidirectional gradient discontinuous solid–liquid–gas three phase contact lines. The finding offers insight into designing of surface materials that can be extended into microfluidics for controlling of droplet motion and others.
Concurrent Drug Unplugging and Permeabilization of Polyprodrug‐Gated Crosslinked Vesicles for Cancer Combination Chemotherapy
Authors: Hu Xianglong , Zhai Shaodong , Liu Guhuan , Xing Da , Liang Haojun , Liu Shiyong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCombination chemotherapy with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic therapeutic drugs is clinically vital toward the treatment of persistent cancers. Though conventional liposomes and polymeric vesicles possessing hydrophobic bilayers and aqueous interiors can serve as codelivery nanocarriers, it remains a considerable challenge to achieve synchronized release of both types of drugs due to distinct encapsulation mechanisms; premature release of water‐soluble cargos from unstable liposomes and ruptured vesicles is also a major concern. Herein, the fabrication of physiologically stable polyprodrug‐gated crosslinked vesicles (GCVs) via the self‐assembly of camptothecin (CPT) polyprodrug amphiphiles and in situ bilayer crosslinking through traceless sol–gel reaction is reported. Polyprodrug‐GCVs possess high CPT loading (>30 wt%) and minimized leakage of encapsulated hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX) hydrochloride due to the suppressed permeability of crosslinked membrane, exhibiting extended blood circulation (t
1/2 > 13 h) with caged cytotoxicity in physiological circulation. Upon cellular uptake by cancer cells, cytosolic reductive milieu‐triggered CPT unplugging from vesicle bilayers is demonstrated to generate hydrophilic mesh channels and make the membrane highly permeable. Concurrently, it will promote DOX corelease from hydrophilic lumen (≈36‐fold increase). The reduction‐activated combination chemotherapeutic potency based on polyprodrug‐GCVs is confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo explorations.
W‐Based Atomic Laminates and Their 2D Derivative W1.33C MXene with Vacancy Ordering
Authors: Meshkian Rahele , Dahlqvist Martin , Lu Jun , Wickman Björn , Halim Joseph , Thörnberg Jimmy , Tao Quanzheng , Li Shixuan , Intikhab Saad , Snyder Joshua , Barsoum Michel W. , Yildizhan Melike , Palisaitis Justinas , Hultman Lars , Persson Per O. Å. , Rosen Johanna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStructural design on the atomic level can provide novel chemistries of hybrid MAX phases and their MXenes. Herein, density functional theory is used to predict phase stability of quaternary i‐MAX phases with in‐plane chemical order and a general chemistry (W2/3M21/3)2AC, where M2 = Sc, Y (W), and A = Al, Si, Ga, Ge, In, and Sn. Of over 18 compositions probed, only two—with a monoclinic C2/c structure—are predicted to be stable: (W2/3Sc1/3)2AlC and (W2/3Y1/3)2AlC and indeed found to exist. Selectively etching the Al and Sc/Y atoms from these 3D laminates results in W1.33C‐based MXene sheets with ordered metal divacancies. Using electrochemical experiments, this MXene is shown to be a new, promising catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The addition of yet one more element, W, to the stable of M elements known to form MAX phases, and the synthesis of a pure W‐based MXene establishes that the etching of i‐MAX phases is a fruitful path for creating new MXene chemistries that has hitherto been not possible, a fact that perforce increases the potential of tuning MXene properties for myriad applications.
Efficient Hydrogen Production on a 3D Flexible Heterojunction Material
Authors: Yu Huidi , Xue Yurui , Hui Lan , Zhang Chao , Li Yongjun , Zuo Zicheng , Zhao Yingjie , Li Zhibo , Li Yuliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel heterojunction material, with electron‐rich graphdiyne as the host and molybdenum disulfide as the catalytic center (eGDY/MDS), to produce ultraefficient hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) at all pH values is described. It is a surprise that the metallic conductor combined from two semiconductor materials, eGDY and MDS, leads to optimal free energy (ΔGH) and enhancement in the intrinsic HER catalytic performances. The calculated and experimental results indicate that eGDY/MDS shows greatly enhanced catalytic activities and high stabilities in both acidic and alkaline conditions; these approach the outstanding performances of the state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal‐based catalysts. The eGDY/MDS shows better activity than Pt/C in alkaline media and remarkable enhancement in photocurrent density. The high catalytic activity of eGDY/MDS originates from facilitated electronic transfer kinetics, high conductivity, more exposed catalytic active sites, and excellent mass transport.
Maneuverability of Magnetic Nanomotors Inside Living Cells
Authors: Pal Malay , Somalwar Neha , Singh Anumeha , Bhat Ramray , Eswarappa Sandeep M. , Saini Deepak K. , Ghosh Ambarish 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpatiotemporally controlled active manipulation of external micro‐/nanoprobes inside living cells can lead to development of innovative biomedical technologies and inspire fundamental studies of various biophysical phenomena. Examples include gene silencing applications, real‐time mechanical mapping of the intracellular environment, studying cellular response to local stress, and many more. Here, for the first time, cellular internalization and subsequent intracellular manipulation of a system of helical nanomotors driven by small rotating magnetic fields with no adverse effect on the cellular viability are demonstrated. This remote method of fuelling and guidance limits the effect of mechanical transduction to cells containing external probes, in contrast to ultrasonically or chemically powered techniques that perturb the entire experimental volume. The investigation comprises three cell types, containing both cancerous and noncancerous types, and is aimed toward analyzing and engineering the motion of helical propellers through the crowded intracellular space. The studies provide evidence for the strong anisotropy, heterogeneity, and spatiotemporal variability of the cellular interior, and confirm the suitability of helical magnetic nanoprobes as a promising tool for future cellular investigations and applications.
Carbon‐Bridged p‐Phenylenevinylene Polymer for High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Distributed Feedback Lasers
Authors: Morales‐Vidal Marta , Quintana José A. , Villalvilla José M. , Boj Pedro G. , Nishioka Hiroki , Tsuji Hayato , Nakamura Eiichi , Whitworth Guy L. , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Díaz‐García María A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThin‐film organic lasers are attractive light sources for a variety of applications. Recently, it is reported that carbon‐bridged oligo(p‐phenylenevinylene)s (COPVn with repeating unit n = 1–6) function as unique laser dyes which combine high fluorescence efficiency, wavelength tunability, and both thermal and photostability, making them ideal for use in organic semiconductor lasers. However, in order to obtain such excellent properties, COPVn require blending in a matrix, such as a thermoplastic polymer, thus leading to miscibility issues, limited absorption, and charge transporting properties. Here, high‐performance lasers with a novel active polymer poly‐COPV1, based on the basic unit of COPV1 and prepared as a high‐quality neat film, are reported which overcome the trade‐off between the device performance and durability. The prepared lasers show thresholds 30 times lower and operational lifetimes 300 times longer than devices based on COPV1 dispersed in polystyrene. The low threshold operation allows the poly‐COPV1 lasers to be pumped by a nitride diode laser.
One‐pot Construction of Difluorinated Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Scaffolds via Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Cascade Annulation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Li Miao , Yang Yanyan , Guo Minjie , Tang Xiangyang , Wang Guangwei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA convenient approach to the synthesis of diverse difluorinated nitrogen‐containing polycycles via a copper‐catalyzed radical cascade annulation of amine‐containing olefins and ethyl bromodifluoroacetate was developed. Three new bonds, including a
−CF2 and two C−N bonds, are forged simultaneously in this strategy. Through this strategy, a series of difluorinated pyrrolizidine and indolizidine derivatives have been conveniently synthesized in good yields.magnified image
DBU‐Catalyzed [3+3] and [3+2] Annulation Reactions of Azomethine Ylides with α‐Diazocarbonyls as N‐Terminal Electrophiles: Modular, Atom‐Economical Access to 1,2,4‐Triazine and 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Lu , Chen Jia‐Jia , Liu Sha‐Sha , Liang Yong‐Xin , Zhao Yu‐Long 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe DBU‐catalyzed [3+3] and [3+2] cyclization reactions of azomethine ylides with α‐diazocarbonyls as N‐terminal electrophiles have been developed. These reactions involve a sequential intermolecular nucleophilic addition/intramolecular cyclization/oxidation procedure. By the assembly of readily available starting materials, these transformations offer novel, highly efficient one‐pot syntheses of various functionalized 1,2,4‐triazine and 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives in an atom‐economical manner under ambient and metal‐free conditions in a high regio‐ and diastereoselective manner.magnified image
The Role of Mobility on Charge Generation, Recombination, and Extraction in Polymer‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Shoaee Safa , Stolterfoht Martin , Neher Dieter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOrganic semiconductors are of great interest for a broad range of optoelectronic applications due to their solution processability, chemical tunability, highly scalable fabrication, and mechanical flexibility. In contrast to traditional inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors are intrinsically disordered systems and therefore exhibit much lower charge carrier mobilities—the Achilles heel of organic photovoltaic cells. In this progress review, the authors discuss recent important developments on the impact of charge carrier mobility on the charge transfer state dissociation, and the interplay of free charge extraction and recombination. By comparing the mobilities on different timescales obtained by different techniques, the authors highlight the dispersive nature of these materials and how this reflects on the key processes defining the efficiency of organic photovoltaics.
Sodium‐Doped Tin Sulfide Single Crystal: A Nontoxic Earth‐Abundant Material with High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Wu Hong , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Peng Kunling , Chi Hang , Zhang Bin , Chen Yongjin , Li Chengjun , Yan Yanci , Guo Lijie , Uher Ctirad , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Han Xiaodong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLead‐free tin sulfide (SnS), with an analogous structure to SnSe, has attracted increasing attention because of its theoretically predicted high thermoelectric performance. In practice, however, polycrystalline SnS performs rather poorly as a result of its low power factor. In this work, bulk sodium (Na)‐doped SnS single crystals are synthesized using a modified Bridgman method and a detailed transport evaluation is conducted. The highest zT value of ≈1.1 is reached at 870 K in a 2 at% Na‐doped SnS single crystal along the b‐axis direction, in which high power factors (2.0 mW m−1 K−2 at room temperature) are realized. These high power factors are attributed to the high mobility associated with the single crystalline nature of the samples as well as to the enhanced carrier concentration achieved through Na doping. An effective single parabolic band model coupled with first‐principles calculations is used to provide theoretical insight into the electronic transport properties. This work demonstrates that SnS‐based single crystals composed of earth‐abundant, low‐cost, and nontoxic chemical elements can exhibit high thermoelectric performance and thus hold potential for application in the area of waste heat recovery.
Interfacing Pristine C60 onto TiO2 for Viable Flexibility in Perovskite Solar Cells by a Low‐Temperature All‐Solution Process
Authors: Zhou Ya‐Qing , Wu Bao‐Shan , Lin Guan‐Hua , Xing Zhou , Li Shu‐Hui , Deng Lin‐Long , Chen Di‐Chun , Yun Da‐Qin , Xie Su‐Yuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA low‐temperature solution‐processed strategy is critical for cost‐effective manufacture of flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Based on an aqueous‐processed TiO2 layer, and conventional fullerene derivatives replaced by a pristine fullerene interlayer of C60, herein a facile interface engineering for making all‐solution‐processed TiO2/C60 layers in flexible n‐i‐p PSCs is reported. Due to the improvement of the perovskite grain quality, promotion of interfacial charge transfer and suppression of interfacial charge recombination, the stabilized power conversion efficiency for the flexible PSCs reaches as high as 16% with high bending resistance retention (≈80% after 1500 cycles) and high light‐soaking retention (≈100% after 100 min). In addition, the stabilized efficiency is over 19% for the rigid TiO2/C60‐based PSCs. The present work with the facile low‐temperature solution process renders the practicability for high‐performance flexible PSCs applied to wearable devices, portable equipment, and electric vehicles.