bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment orders underlying binocular coordination of eye position and velocity in the larval zebrafish hindbrain
Authors: Brysch Christian , Leyden Claire , Arrenberg Aristides B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe oculomotor integrator (OI) in the vertebrate hindbrain transforms eye velocity input into persistent position coding output, which plays a crucial role in retinal image stability. For a mechanistic understanding of the integrator function and eye position control, knowledge about the tuning of the OI and other oculomotor nuclei is needed. Zebrafish are increasingly used to study integrator function and sensorimotor circuits, yet the precise neuronal tuning to motor variables remains uncharacterized.ResultsHere, we recorded cellular calcium signals while evoking monocular and binocular optokinetic eye movements at different slow-phase eye velocities. Our analysis reveals the anatomical distributions of motoneurons and internuclear neurons in the nucleus abducens as well as those of oculomotor neurons in caudally adjacent hindbrain volumes. Each neuron is tuned to eye position and/or velocity to variable extents and is only activated after surpassing particular eye position and velocity thresholds. While the abducens (rhombomeres 5/6) mainly codes for eye position, in rhombomeres 7/8 a velocity-to-position coding gradient exists along the rostro-caudal axis, which likely corresponds to the velocity and position storage mechanisms. Position encoding neurons are recruited at eye position thresholds distributed across the behavioral dynamic range, while velocity encoding neurons have more centered firing thresholds for velocity. In the abducens, neurons coding exclusively for one eye intermingle with neurons coding for both eyes. Many of these binocular neurons are preferentially active during conjugate eye movements, which represents a functional diversification in the final common motor pathway.ConclusionsWe localized and functionally characterized the repertoire of oculomotor neurons in the zebrafish hindbrain. Our findings provide evidence for a mixed but task-specific binocular code and suggest that generation of persistent activity is organized along the rostro-caudal axis in the hindbrain.
Size-dependent increase in RNA Polymerase II initiation rates mediates gene expression scaling with cell size
Authors: Sun Xi-Ming , Bowman Anthony , Priestman Miles , Bertaux Francois , Martinez-Segura Amalia , Tang Wenhao , Dormann Dirk , Shahrezaei Vahid , Marguerat Samuel 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTCell size varies during the cell cycle and in response to external stimuli. This requires the tight coordination, or “scaling”, of mRNA and protein quantities with the cell volume in order to maintain biomolecules concentrations and cell density. Evidence in cell populations and single cells indicates that scaling relies on the coordination of mRNA transcription rates with cell size. Here we use a combination of single-molecule fluorescencein situhybridisation (smFISH), time-lapse microscopy and mathematical modelling in single fission yeast cells to uncover the precise molecular mechanisms that control transcription rates scaling with cell size. Linear scaling of mRNA quantities is apparent in single fission yeast cells during a normal cell cycle. Transcription rates of both constitutive and regulated genes scale with cell size without evidence for transcriptional bursting. Modelling and experimental data indicate that scaling relies on the coordination of RNAPII transcription initiation rates with cell size and that RNAPII is a limiting factor. We show using real-time quantitative imaging that size increase is accompanied by a rapid concentration independent recruitment of RNAPII onto chromatin. Finally, we find that in multinucleated cells, scaling is set at the level of single nuclei and not the entire cell, making the nucleus the transcriptional scaling unit. Integrating our observations in a mechanistic model of RNAPII mediated transcription, we propose that scaling of gene expression with cell size is the consequence of competition between genes for limiting RNAPII.
Network analysis of mesoscale mouse brain structural connectome yields modular structure that aligns with anatomical regions and sensory pathways
Authors: Pailthorpe Bernard A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Allen mesoscale mouse brain structural connectome is analysed using standard network methods combined with 3D visualizations. The full region-to-region connectivity data is used, with a focus on the strongest structural links. The spatial embedding of links and time evolution of signalling is incorporated, with two-step links included. Modular decomposition using the Infomap method produces 8 network modules that correspond approximately to major brain anatomical regions and system functions. These modules align with the anterior and posterior primary sensory systems and association areas. 3D visualization of network links is facilitated by using a set of simplified schematic coordinates that reduces visual complexity. Selection of key nodes and links, such as sensory pathways and cortical association areas together reveal structural features of the mouse structural connectome consistent with biological functions in the sensory-motor systems, and selective roles of the anterior and posterior cortical association areas of the mouse brain. Time progression of signals along sensory pathways reveals that close links are to local cortical association areas and cross modal, while longer links provide anterior-posterior coordination and inputs to non cortical regions. The fabric of weaker links generally are longer range with some having brain-wide reach. Cortical gradients are evident along sensory pathways within the structural network.Author’s SummaryNetwork models incorporating spatial embedding and signalling delays are used to investigate the mouse structural connectome. Network models that include time respecting paths are used to trace signaling pathways and reveal separate roles of shorter vs. longer links. Here computational methods work like experimental probes to uncover biologically relevant features. I use the Infomap method, which follows random walks on the network, to decompose the directed, weighted network into 8 modules that align with classical brain anatomical regions and system functions. Primary sensory pathways and cortical association areas are separated into individual modules. Strong, short range links form the sensory-motor paths while weaker links spread brain-wide, possibly coordinating many regions.
Epithelial colonies in vitro elongate through collective effects
Authors: Comelles Jordi , Soumya SS , Lu Linjie , Maout Emilie Le , Anvitha S. , Salbreux Guillaume , Jülicher Frank , Inamdar Mandar M. , Riveline Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEpithelial tissues of the developing embryos elongate by different mechanisms, such as neighbor exchange, cell elongation, and oriented cell division. Since autonomous tissue self-organization is influenced by external cues such as morphogen gradients or neighboring tissues, it is difficult to distinguish intrinsic from directed tissue behavior. The mesoscopic processes leading to the different mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we study the spontaneous elongation behavior of spreading circular epithelial colonies in vitro. By quantifying deformation kinematics at multiple scales, we report that global elongation happens primarily due to cell elongations, and its direction correlates with the anisotropy of the average cell elongation. By imposing an external time-periodic stretch, the axis of this global symmetry breaking can be modified and elongation occurs primarily due to orientated neighbor exchange. These different behaviors are confirmed using a vertex model for collective cell behavior, providing a framework for understanding autonomous tissue elongation and its origins.
Integrated annotations and analyses of small RNA-producing loci from 47 diverse plants
Authors: Lunardon Alice , Johnson Nathan R. , Hagerott Emily , Phifer Tamia , Polydore Seth , Coruh Ceyda , Axtell Michael J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlant endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression. There are two broad categories of plant sRNAs: microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). MicroRNA loci are relatively well-annotated but comprise only a small minority of the total sRNA pool; siRNA locus annotations have lagged far behind. Here, we used a large dataset of published and newly generated sRNA sequencing data (1,333 sRNA-seq libraries containing over 20 billion reads) and a uniform bioinformatic pipeline to produce comprehensive sRNA locus annotations of 47 diverse plants, yielding over 2.7 million sRNA loci. The two most numerous classes of siRNA loci produced mainly 24 nucleotide and 21 nucleotide siRNAs, respectively. 24 nucleotide-dominated siRNA loci usually occurred in intergenic regions, especially at the 5’-flanking regions of protein-coding genes. In contrast, 21 nucleotide-dominated siRNA loci were most often derived from double-stranded RNA precursors copied from spliced mRNAs. Genic 21 nucleotide-dominated loci were especially common from disease resistance genes, including from a large number of monocots. Individual siRNA sequences of all types showed very little conservation across species, while mature miRNAs were more likely to be conserved. We developed a web server where our data and several search and analysis tools are freely accessible athttp://plantsmallrnagenes.science.psu.edu.
Long story short: finding health advice with informative summaries on health social media
Authors: Liu Yi-Hung , Song Xiaolong , Chen Sheng-Fong 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Whether automatically generated summaries of health social media can aid users in managing their diseases appropriately is an important question. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel text summarization approach for acquiring the most informative summaries from online patient posts accurately and effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
The data set regarding diabetes and HIV posts was, respectively, collected from two online disease forums. The proposed summarizer is based on the graph-based method to generate summaries by considering social network features, text sentiment and sentence features. Representative health-related summaries were identified and summarization performance as well as user judgments were analyzed.

Findings
The findings show that awarding sentences without using all the incorporating features decreases summarization performance compared with the classic summarization method and comparison approaches. The proposed summarizer significantly outperformed the comparison baseline.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on health knowledge management by analyzing patients’ experiences and opinions through the health summarization model. The research additionally develops a new mindset to design abstractive summarization weighting schemes from the health user-generated content.
Thermal comfort practices in non-domestic buildings within the organisational context
Authors: Zapata-Lancaster Gabriela 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the thermal comfort practices in four non-domestic buildings and explores how the organisational context affects the actions and practices of occupants and facilities managers.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applied qualitative methods and post-occupancy evaluation methodologies to investigate the thermal practices in four case studies. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies was deployed, namely, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, observation and monitoring studies of building performance.

Findings
The concept “distributed agency” was applied to analyse the thermal comfort practices in non-domestic buildings. This concept helped to illustrate everyday actions by occupants and facilities managers in relation to the organisational context. Occupants’ actions and building management practices could be affected by the organisation norms and context leading to problems and dissatisfaction with indoor thermal conditions.

Research limitations/implications
This study is based on a small number of case studies and it is exploratory. Extensive monitoring data were not available. However, the research identified the thermal conditions and occupants’ satisfaction levels as background where actions to achieve thermal comfort and facilities manager’s practices took place.

Practical implications
The study suggests the need to examine in greater depth how the organisational goals and individual goals could be linked to support specific building performance targets.

Social implications
The paper advocates for the application of multidisciplinary approaches to study the occupant dimension of building performance. It suggests the need to develop a nuanced understanding of how occupants pursue comfort as active agents who interact with the built environment.

Originality/value
The study has applied social practice theory to consider the influence of the organisation on thermal comfort practices in non-domestic buildings; considering the perspectives of building occupants and facilities managements within the organisational context.
Geodetic deformation forecasting based on multi-variable grey prediction model and regression model
Authors: Kose Erkan , Tasci Levent 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the multivariable grey prediction model in deformation forecasting.

Design/methodology/approach
Deformation in a dam can be seen because of many factors but without any doubt, the most influential factor is the water level. In this study, the deformation level of a point in the Keban Dam crest has been tried to be forecasted depending on the water level by the multivariable grey model GM(1,N). Regression analysis was used to test the accuracy of the prediction results obtained using the grey prediction model.

Findings
The results show that there is a great consistency between the grey prediction values and the actual values, and that the GM(1,N) produces more reliable results than the regression analysis. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the GM(1,N) is a very reliable estimation model for limited data conditions.

Originality/value
Different from the other studies in the literature, this study investigates deformation in a dam subject to the water level in the dam reservoir. The main contribution of the study to the literature is to suggest a relatively new procedure for estimating the deformation in the dams based on the water level.
Automated brain tumor segmentation from multimodal MRI data based on Tamura texture feature and an ensemble SVM classifier
Authors: Na Li , Zhiyong Xiong , Tianqi Deng , Kai Ren 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The precise segmentation of brain tumors is the most important and crucial step in their diagnosis and treatment. Due to the presence of noise, uneven gray levels, blurred boundaries and edema around the brain tumor region, the brain tumor image has indistinct features in the tumor region, which pose a problem for diagnostics. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors propose an original solution for segmentation using Tamura Texture and ensemble Support Vector Machine (SVM) structure. In the proposed technique, 124 features of each voxel are extracted, including Tamura texture features and grayscale features. Then, these features are ranked using the SVM-Recursive Feature Elimination method, which is also adopted to optimize the parameters of the Radial Basis Function kernel of SVMs. Finally, the bagging random sampling method is utilized to construct the ensemble SVM classifier based on a weighted voting mechanism to classify the types of voxel.

Findings
The experiments are conducted over a sample data set to be called BraTS2015. The experiments demonstrate that Tamura texture is very useful in the segmentation of brain tumors, especially the feature of line-likeness. The superior performance of the proposed ensemble SVM classifier is demonstrated by comparison with single SVM classifiers as well as other methods.

Originality/value
The authors propose an original solution for segmentation using Tamura Texture and ensemble SVM structure.
Business succession from an Islamic accounting perspective
Authors: Umar Umar Habibu , Kurawa Junaidu Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the inheritance of a business from the Islamic accounting perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper adapts the relevant provisions of conventional accounting standards and practices that conform to Sharīʿah (Islamic law). In addition, the provisions of the Islamic accounting standard for musharakah (AAOIFI’s FAS No. 4) found to be relevant are also adapted.

Findings
The study shows that the assets of an inherited business should be measured at their fair values and that liabilities and legacies must be deducted therefrom with the view to arriving at the equity (or residue). The equity is then distributed among the heirs based on the sharing ratio established according to the Noble Qurʾān, the Sunnah (the Prophet’s way) and Muslim jurists’ views. Therefore, the inherited business becomes a family business as each heir is admitted into it. By extension, Islam emphasizes that the business should remain a going concern to generate income to sustain the welfare of the heirs.

Research limitations/implications
The discussion of the paper is limited to the inheritance of a business and its going concern in line with the Sharīʿah.

Practical implications
Special attention should be paid to the inherited business to ensure not only its continuity to generate income for the heirs but also that each heir gets a correct share of the equity of the business as regulated by the Sharīʿah.

Originality/value
This study links Islamic inheritance to the going concern of the business, which from all indications has not been given full consideration by previous studies.
The effects of length of service and ethical ideologies on moral development and behavioral intentions
Authors: Malagueño Ricardo , Pillalamarri Sudarshan , Rezende Amaury José , Moraes Marcelo Botelho da Costa 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of length of service and ethical ideologies on cognitive moral development (CMD) and ethical behavioral intentions among public sector tax auditors in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe research data were collected via survey questionnaires from a sample of 625 auditors who work for the Brazilian tax authority. Participants voluntarily complete an online instrument which included three scenarios with context-specific moral dilemmas, questions about the specific scenarios and an ethics position questionnaire. Multinomial logistic and ordinary least squares regressions were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings reveal that public sector tax auditors with shorter length of service are more likely to be at higher stages of moral development; relativistic ideology among public sector auditors is positively associated with more lenient ethical behavioral intention; idealistic ideology among public sector auditors is positively associated with stricter ethical behavioral intention; public sector auditors classified as absolutists are stricter in their ethical behavioral intentions; and public sector auditors classified as absolutists with length of service between 5 and 15 years are more likely to be at higher stages of moral development when compared to public sector tax auditors with longer length of service.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is one of the first studies that attempt to understand the effects of length of service and ethical ideology on CMD and ethical behavioral intention among public sector auditors. Additionally, it examines these issues in the context of Latin America.
Effects of the use of quality cost information on quality-related learning
Authors: Novas Jorge , Saraiva Margarida 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects on quality-related learning resulting from the use of the quality cost information (QCI). Specifically, this paper analyzes to what extent the diagnostic and interactive uses of QCI contribute to improve quality-related learning.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model was tested using a structural equation modeling procedure with AMOS and the data were collected through a questionnaire survey conducted on a sample of Portuguese certified companies.

Findings
The results shed light on expected relationships since the interactive style of use of QCI, unlike the diagnostic style of use, has a positive effect on quality-related learning. However, the diagnostic use of QCI was found to be a predecessor of the interactive use of QCI, in line with previous studies. Finally, diagnostic use of QCI exerts an indirect positive impact on quality-related learning through the interactive use of QCI.

Research limitations/implications
This paper contributes to the body of research on the use of interactive and diagnostic systems, providing evidence that a balance between those systems improves quality-related learning.

Practical implications
The results show that the use of QCI to promote participation, dialogue and involvement of all participants (according to an interactive style of use), and not just to control the accomplishment of predetermined objectives (according to a diagnostic style of use), is a necessary condition for quality-related learning.

Originality/value
Despite the wide-ranging literature focused on the identification, measurement and reporting of QCI, less attention has been paid to how this information is used in the management process. The way in which the use of QCI can contribute to the improvement in quality-related learning is also an unexplored topic in the literature.
Does the business model influence income smoothing? Evidence from European banks
Authors: Di Fabio Costanza 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore whether the business model (BM) influences bank income smoothing by considering two competing perspectives, the opportunistic and the information enhancement one. Additionally, the paper addresses the role of auditors’ involvement in national supervision and external governance.Design/methodology/approachIncome smoothing is measured by regressing loan loss provisions on unmanaged earnings, and the moderating role of country-level factors is tested employing three-way interactions. The sample consists of European banks observed from 2004 to 2015.FindingsResults indicate that the BM affects smoothing and that retail-funded banks exhibit smoother earnings due to informative reasons. National supervisors’ emphasis on audit is positively associated with smoothing by market-oriented banks, whereas external governance constrains smoothing in diversified-retail banks.Research limitations/implicationsEuropean reforms strengthening monitoring bodies could bring the unintended effect of inducing opportunistic behaviours in market-oriented BMs. However, this study employs indirect proxies for institutional factors and does not consider internal-governance issues.Practical implicationsEvidence sustains the IASB choice of the expected-loss approach for estimating credit losses as it could enhance the informativeness of retail-funded banks’ accounting numbers.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the income smoothing literature by addressing the role of the BM as a whole in explaining smoothing propensity, not limiting the observation to partial features of the balance sheet. Moreover, it supports a counterintuitive argument, thepenalty hypothesis, assuming that stronger supervision increases bank incentives to manage earnings to avoid penalties.