bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of evaluation of operative duration as a predictor of mortality in pediatric emergency surgery
Authors: Kaushal-Deep SM , Ahmad R , Lodhi M , Chana RS 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Operative duration is an important but under-studied predictor of mortality in emergency laparotomies.

Aims and Objectives:
The primary objective of this study was to quantify the effect of duration of emergency laparotomy in children on mortality; and to identify a rough cut-off duration of laparotomy to serve as a guide so that a laparotomy can be planned to optimize pediatric surgical patient outcome.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective study conducted in a government tertiary teaching institution over a period of 24 months. All children in the age group of 5–10 years presenting in the emergency department with Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score ≤8, undergoing emergency laparotomy in emergency operation theater, were included.

Observations and Results:
In all, 213 children were included in the study. The mean time from presentation to shifting to the operating room was 3.7 h. The mean operative duration was 108 min. The mean operative time in survived patients was 102 min as compared to 135 min in expired patients (P < 0.05). The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 17.4%. After application of binary logistic regression analysis, it was found that time to laparotomy and operative duration were significant risk factors (<0.05) predicting post-operative mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed a decrease at a mean weighted operative duration of approximately 100 min. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded operative duration of 123.5 min at which Youden's index maximized.

Conclusion:
This 100-min duration of laparotomy might appear a long duration but in casualty setup of a government hospital with limited resources, there are so many hurdles for optimal working that completion of an emergency laparotomy in children in 100 min can be considered a realistic target for improving post-operative outcome. At an operative duration of <123.50 min, mortality rates within acceptable limits can be achieved.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Bjering Jens Christian Borrebye , Engberg-Pedersen Anders , Gade Solveig , Toft Christine Strandmose 
Published: December 2018

Det 21. århundrede har både i Danmark og i den vestlige verden stået i krigens tegn. De fjerne krige særligt i Irak og Afghanistan har affødt en række reaktioner i litteraturen, filmen og på teatret, der alle har taget militære emner op til diskussion. Omvendt er selve krigen siden årtusindeskiftet blevet vævet stadig tættere sammen med repræsentationer. I dag udkæmpes krigen også med (mis)information, med billeder, i simulationer, i forestillede scenarier og i virtual reality krigsspil. Under overskriften Krigskunst undersøger Passage 80 sammenfiltningen af krigen og dens repræsentationer. Med udgangspunkt i krigens æstetiske former undersøger nummerets tekster på tværs af kunstarterne, hvordan kunst og kultur bliver militariseret; hvordan fiktioner forvandles til effektive midler i krigsapparatet; hvordan højteknologiske krige sanses af soldater og af civilbefolkningen; hvordan de fjerne krige viser sig i samfundet som en hjemsøgelse i form af veteranen; og endelig hvilken rolle kunsten har, når militæret forvandler den til krigskunst.
Ord, steder og andre ting vi tabte i krigen: om redactions
Authors: Bjering Jens Christian Borrebye 
Published: December 2018

Jens Bjering: “Words, Places, and Other Things We Lost in the War: OnRedactions”The article investigates the use of government redactions in three texts which relate in different ways to the War on Terror: Ex-CIA agent Valerie Plame’s Fair Game, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence’s Study of the Central Intelligence Agency’s Detention and Interrogation Program, and Mohamedou Ould Slahi’s Guantanamo Diary. While the formal reason for redacting texts is to prevent specific pieces of sensitive information from reaching the public, the article claims—and supports through its readings—that redactions in these cases also are used as literary-narrative strategies with which to frame the reader’s general reading experience and thus his or her overall impression of and opinion about the War on Terror.
Memoria
Authors: Kuhlmann Annelis 
Published: December 2018

Annelis Kuhlmann: “Memoria. A theater performance about war as present memory”
This article throws light on how the theater performance, Memoria, by Odin Teatret, Denmark, deals with trauma from World War II as material, so that the actors in the theater production create a complex form of memory act on stage. The explicitly analogue form of Memoria becomes a strength through the bodily presence between actors and spectators. The increasing absence of speech forms a symbolic thread in the witnessing of the war.
Feasibility study of the telemedicine systems deployment in rehabilitation centers for addiction therapy
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Hajar 
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aim was to determine the feasibility to establish a telemedicine system in one of the rehabilitation and addiction treatment centers in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive-cross sectional. The research population consisted of 28 people, who were the head and Senior Executive Manager, financial director, IT manager, physicians, nurses and counselors of the addiction center. Due to the small number of statistical population, a total number of sampling was performed. The field research tool was interview, observation and standard questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by professors and experts and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.87). SPSS software was used to analyze the data.
Results: Our studied center, has the sufficient technical infrastructures needed to implement Telemedicine, and the IT department has a good level of awareness about telemedicine technology. The center does not have any strategic plan that includes telemedicine, and the manager board does not support telemedicine, but the center has the support of the chief executive manager on this matter. The shortage of technical staff, insurance and reimbursement problems, initial costs and medical staff shortages, current costs, and training and medical staff resistance are, in the order of priority, the major barriers to telemedicine implementation, and time barriers, employee attitudes, privacy and licensing issues , issues of confidentiality and competition are less important.
Conclusion: Considering that the Rehabilitation and Addict Treatment Center has the technical infrastructures necessary for the implementation of the telemedicine system, as well as the IT department manager is familiar with telemedicine technology, the cost of deploying this system in the center is not significant and is cost-effective. It is recommended to develop an appropriate strategic plan, conduct training programs to change the administrative staff culture and coordinate with the insurer's organizations.
Crystal structures and biochemical analyses of intermediate cleavage peptidase: role of dynamics in enzymatic function
Authors: Singh Rahul , Goyal Venuka Durani , Kumar Ashwani , Sabharwal Naripjeet Singh , Makde Ravindra D. 
Published: December 2018

Intermediate cleavage peptidase (Icp55) processes a subset of mitochondrial matrix proteins by removing a bulky residue at their N termini, leaving behind smaller N‐terminal residues (icp activity). This contributes towards the stability of the mitochondrial proteome. We report crystal structures of yeast Icp55 including one bound to the apstatin inhibitor. Apart from icp activity, the enzyme was found to exhibit Xaa‐Pro aminopeptidase activity in vitro. Structural and biochemical data suggest that the enzyme exists in a rapid equilibrium between monomer and dimer. Furthermore, the dimer, and not the monomer, was found to be the active species with loop dynamics at the dimer interface playing an important role in activity. Based on the new evidence, we propose a model for binding and processing of cellular targets by Icp55.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors for the structures of Icp55 (code 6A9T, 6A9U, 6A9V) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (http://www.pdb.org/).
Removal of Microparticles by Ciliated Surfaces—an Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Shuaizhong , Wang Ye , Onck Patrick R. , den Toonder Jaap M. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBiological cilia are versatile hair‐like organelles that are very efficient in manipulating particles for, e.g., feeding, antifouling, and cell transport. Inspired by the versatility of cilia, this paper experimentally demonstrates active particle‐removal by self‐cleaning surfaces that are fully or partially covered with micromolded magnetic artificial cilia (MAC). Actuated by a rotating magnet, the MAC can perform a tilted conical motion, which leads to the removal of spherical particles of different sizes in water, as well as irregular‐shaped sand grains both in water and in air. These findings can contribute to the development of novel particulate manipulation and self‐cleaning/antifouling surfaces, which can be applied, e.g., to prevent fouling of (bio)sensors in lab‐on‐a‐chip devices, and to prevent biofouling of submerged surfaces such as marine sensors and water quality analyzers.
Functional and Engineered Colloids from Edible Materials for Emerging Applications in Designing the Food of the Future
Authors: Patel Ashok R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFunctional and engineered colloids fabricated from edible materials have recently gained a lot of interest for futuristic applications in the field of foods for purposes ranging from microstructure development to delivery of health‐promoting bioactives to manipulation of food–body interactions. This review tackles a very ambitious task of discussing the current understanding of functional colloids within the framework of foods. Physicochemical attributes of several novel complex colloids fabricated from natural, and often, underutilized edible materials are clearly and comprehensively reviewed in this paper. This review not only provides a scientific insight into the advances made in the field of colloid‐based food structuring but also touches on the exciting future opportunities in this promising multidisciplinary field.
Dendritic Cell Membrane Vesicles for Activation and Maintenance of Antigen‐Specific T Cells
Authors: Ochyl Lukasz J. , Moon James J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCell membranes have recently gained attention as a promising drug delivery system. Here, dendritic cell membrane vesicles (DC‐MVs) are examined as a platform to promote T cell responses. Nanosized DC‐MVs are derived from DCs pretreated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a FDA‐approved immunostimulatory adjuvant. These “mature” DC‐MVs activate DCs in vitro and increase their expression of costimulatory markers. DC‐MVs also promote cross‐priming of antigen‐specific T cells in vitro, increasing their survival and CD25 expression. In addition, these mature DC‐MVs potently augment the expansion of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in vivo, generating twofold to fourfold higher frequency of antigen‐specific T cells, compared with other control formulations, including “immature” DC‐MVs obtained without the MPLA pretreatment. Taken together, these results suggest that DC‐MVs are an effective delivery platform for T cell activation and may serve as a potential delivery system for improving adoptive T cell therapy.
Electrical Stimulation by an Organic Transistor Architecture Induces Calcium Signaling in Nonexcitable Brain Cells
Authors: Borrachero‐Conejo Ana Isabel , Saracino Emanuela , Natali Marco , Prescimone Federico , Karges Saskia , Bonetti Simone , Nicchia Grazia Paola , Formaggio Francesco , Caprini Marco , Zamboni Roberto , Mercuri Francesco , Toffanin Stefano , Muccini Michele , Benfenati Valentina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOrganic bioelectronics have a huge potential to generate interfaces and devices for the study of brain functions and for the therapy of brain pathologies. In this context, increasing efforts are needed to develop technologies for monitoring and stimulation of nonexcitable brain cells, called astrocytes. Astroglial calcium signaling plays, indeed, a pivotal role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the brain. Here, the use of transparent organic cell stimulating and sensing transistor (O‐CST) architecture, fabricated with N,N′‐ditridecylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (P13), to elicit and monitor intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary rat neocortical astrocytes is demonstrated. The transparency of O‐CST allows performing calcium imaging experiments, showing that extracellular electrical stimulation of astrocytes induces a drastic increase in [Ca2+]i. Pharmacological studies indicate that transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily are critical mediators of the [Ca2+]i increase. Experimental and computational analyses show that [Ca2+]i response is enabled by the O‐CST device architecture. Noteworthy, the extracellular field application induces a slight but significant increase in the cell volume. Collectively, it is shown that the O‐CST is capable of selectively evoking astrocytes [Ca2+]i, paving the way to the development of organic bioelectronic devices as glial interfaces to excite and control physiology of non‐neuronal brain cells.
Textured Organogel Films Showing Unusual Thermoresponsive Dewetting, Icephobic, and Optical Properties
Authors: Urata Chihiro , Hönes Roland , Sato Tomoya , Kakiuchida Hiroshi , Matsuo Yasutaka , Hozumi Atsushi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTextured organogel films showing thermoresponsive (TR)‐syneretic and optical behaviors are fabricated based on soft lithography, using micro/nanostructured master moulds, of polydimethylsiloxane infused with polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS) as a lubricating oil. The critical syneretic temperature (CST) of the organogels can be arbitrarily tuned in the range of −15–50 °C by varying the volume of PMPS. Below the CST, the oil is spontaneously released from the inside of the gel matrices to the topmost surface, and vice versa, and it gradually returns back to the matrices above the CST. In the lubricated state, the textured TR‐organogel film surfaces exhibit excellent dynamic hydrophobicity and icephobicity, i.e., ice can be easily removed from the surface without any additional force. Simultaneously, optical properties derived from surface micro/nanotextures, such as diffraction and antireflection, respectively, are clearly observed above the CST and disappear below the CST, because the surface textures are buried by the released PMPS. These unusual TR‐surface functionalities are found to be repeatable/switchable for several tens of times.
Releasable High‐Performance GaAs Schottky Diodes for Gigahertz Operation of Flexible Bridge Rectifier
Authors: Jung Yei Hwan , Zhang Huilong , Lee In‐Kyu , Shin Joo Hwan , Kim Tae‐il , Ma Zhenqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNovel strategies for printed electronic devices have rapidly evolved, particularly using thin films of inorganic semiconductors for high‐performance. As one of the basic electronic components, diodes provide important functionalities in circuits, such as high‐frequency switching and rectifying. In this report, the fabrication of releasable radio frequency (RF) gallium arsenide (GaAs)‐based Schottky diodes is presented. This technique yields thousands of fully formed diodes with uniform performance densely packed onto a wafer piece, where each diode is released and transferred using a micro‐stamp only when needed. Such production technique not only reduces material cost, but also benefits design efforts, as circuit designing often requires iterative designs with incremental changes. With low forward voltage and fast switching action, these printable forms of Schottky diodes are operable at microwave frequencies for diverse circuit applications. A full wave bridge rectifier, popularly used for RF‐to‐direct current (DC) converting circuit in wireless power transmission, is fabricated on a flexible substrate using four printed Schottky diodes. The results reveal successful RF‐to‐DC conversion with efficiency of up to 36.4% at principle frequency bands of mobile electronics, including cellular networks, Bluetooth, and Wi‐Fi. The methods presented in this work form a simple yet robust path toward advanced high‐performance flexible electronics.
3D Printed Disposable Wireless Ion Sensors with Biocompatible Cellulose Composites
Authors: Kim Taeil , Bao Chao , Hausmann Michael , Siqueira Gilberto , Zimmermann Tanja , Kim Woo Soo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs the wireless communication technologies are becoming more crucial for internet‐of‐things (IoT) electronic devices, sensors have also been equipped with wireless data collection. A conventional way to make wireless sensor systems is to develop active sensor devices with silicon‐based chip technologies integrated with an amplifier, a battery, a converter, among others. However, it is difficult to generate disposable inexpensive flexible sensors with all these rigid components. Here, 3D printed disposable wireless ion selective sensor systems with unique form factors, high sensitivity, and flexibility are reported. A 3D printable conductive ink is designed and optimized with cellulose nanofibers by addition of silver nanowires for sustainable and biocompatible sensor applications. Polyimide film which has high surface hydrophobicity is used as a substrate for better resolution of printing. The 3D printed wireless sensor system includes inductor–capacitor circuits, and ion selective membrane electrodes, which can detect quantitative ion concentrations selectively. The change of ion concentrations is detected by measuring the magnitude of S11, reflective coefficient at the resonant frequency of 2.36 GHz using a vector network analyzer. The demonstrated sensitivity is 3.4%/ m for ammonium ion (NH4+).
Copper‐Catalysed Multicomponent Syntheses of Heterocycles
Authors: Cherian Reeba Mary , Harry Nissy Ann , Saranya Salim , Rohit K. R. , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHeterocycles cover a wide range of organic compounds and are ubiquitous in different areas of life sciences and technology. Multicomponent syntheses of heterocycles are very advantageous in comparison with the classical methods of heterocycle synthesis. In this review, copper‐catalysed multicomponent reactions used for the synthesis of heterocycles published between 2004 and 2018 are summarised.
Enhanced Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Using Zinc Dendrites Pulse‐Deposited on Silver Foam
Authors: Low Qi Hang , Loo Nicholas Wei Xian , Calle‐Vallejo Federico , Yeo Boon Siang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) can dynamise the carbon cycle by lowering anthropogenic CO2 emissions and sustainably producing valuable fuels and chemical feedstocks. Methanol is arguably the most desirable C1 product of CO2RR, although it typically forms in negligible amounts. In our search for efficient methanol‐producing CO2RR catalysts, we have engineered Ag‐Zn catalysts by pulse‐depositing Zn dendrites onto Ag foams (PD‐Zn/Ag foam). By themselves, Zn and Ag cannot effectively reduce CO2 to CH3OH, while their alloys produce CH3OH with Faradaic efficiencies of approximately 1 %. Interestingly, with nanostructuring PD‐Zn/Ag foam reduces CO2 to CH3OH with Faradaic efficiency and current density values reaching as high as 10.5 % and −2.7 mA cm−2, respectively. Control experiments and DFT calculations pinpoint strained undercoordinated Zn atoms as the active sites for CO2RR to CH3OH in a reaction pathway mediated by adsorbed CO and formaldehyde. Surprisingly, the stability of the *CHO intermediate does not influence the activity.
Vanadium Oxide Nanosheets for Flexible Dendrite‐Free Hybrid Aluminium‐Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Cycling Performance
Authors: Gong Xuefei , Chen Jingwei , Li Shaohui , Mohrhusen Lars , Al‐Shamery Katharina , Lee Pooi See 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAluminum (Al)‐ion batteries can be an attractive alternative to lithium‐ion batteries because of low costs, high volumetric capacities and dendrite‐free formation when Al is used as anode. However, there are limited cathode materials for Al‐ion batteries that can deliver satisfactory electrochemical performance, especially cycling stability. The major reason for that is the sluggish kinetics of ion intercalation/deintercalation, resulting from large coulombic attraction between Al3+ and cathodes. Herein, a concept of hybrid Al−Li‐ion batteries is proposed to circumvent the poor Al3+ ions insertion/extraction kinetics in Al‐ion batteries, and maintain the dendrite‐free characteristics of Al‐ion batteries. The high volumetric capacity (32.5 mAh/cm3 at 100 mA/cm3, based on the total volume of cathode), enhanced rate capability (21.5 mAh/cm3 at 1000 mA/cm3) and excellent cycling performance (70.1 % retention after 3000 cycles) have been achieved in the hybrid Al−Li‐ion battery composed of vanadium oxide nanosheets on carbon fibers as cathode and Al as anode in a mixed [EMIM][Cl]/AlCl3/LiCl electrolyte. Combining with the good flexibility of cathode and anode, the hybrid Al−Li‐ion battery maintains structural and capacity stability under different bending angles. This study unveils a safe, cost‐effective and flexible hybrid Al−Li‐ion battery that presents highly competitive advantages among various energy storage devices.
Systematic review of endovascular intervention and surgery for common femoral artery atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Jia X , Sun Z D , Patel J V , Flood K , Stocken D D , Scott D J A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Endovascular intervention has emerged as a potential alternative to open surgery in treating common femoral artery (CFA) atherosclerotic disease. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the safety and efficacy of both techniques.

Methods
Thirteen electronic databases from 1980 to 3 January 2018 were searched. Study quality was assessed using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Interventional Procedure Programme quality assessment tool. Safety and efficacy outcome measures were analysed.

Results
Thirty-one studies reporting 813 endovascular procedures and 3835 endarterectomies were included. Only two small RCTs have been reported. The methodological quality of available studies was generally low and follow-up short. Safety endpoint assessment revealed a similar risk of wound haematoma for endovascular intervention and endarterectomy (5·5 (95 per cent c.i. 0·2 to 17·2) versus 3·9 (1·7 to 6·9) per cent respectively), a lower risk of wound infection with endovascular procedures (0 versus 5·9 (3·4 to 9·0) per cent) and a lower risk of wound lymph leakage (0 versus 5·7 (3·3 to 8·6) per cent). Efficacy endpoint assessment at 1 year identified that endovascular intervention had a lower primary patency rate than endarterectomy (78·8 (73·3 to 83·8) versus 96·0 (92·2 to 98·6) per cent respectively), a higher revascularization rate (16·0 (6·1 to 29·4) versus 5·8 (1·0 to 14·2) per cent) and a similar amputation rate (2·7 (1·2 to 4·8) versus 1·9 (0·7 to 3·8) per cent).

Conclusion
Endovascular intervention of CFA disease appears to reduce the risk of wound complications but is associated with a lower patency rate and increased rates of subsequent revascularization procedures. Standardization of the endovascular technique and quantification of the proportions of patients suitable for either technique are required.