bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaysian banking: is the current practice of ibrā’ (rebate) reflecting its true meaning?
Authors: Ishak Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the current regulation of ibrā’ (rebate) set by the Central Bank for the Islamic banks in Malaysia and how far its original concept has been compromised to make it adaptable to the modern financial system.

Design/methodology/approach
This study, with regard to practising ibrā’ in Islamic banking in Malaysia, is qualitative in nature, using semi-structured interviews carried out with two types of informant: members of either the National Sharīʿah Advisory Council (NSAC) or the Internal Sharīʿah Committee (SC). All data are analysed based on the content analysis method.

Findings
The findings reveal that while stipulating an ibrā’ clause makes practising ibrā’ stray from its original concept, it has successfully tackled the current problem. However, the long-term consequences should be a concern, particularly Islamic banking products, which have been significantly influenced by the conventional system, including interest rates and the debt structure, neither of which should be identified with Islamic banking.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited because it focusses on the practice of ibrā’ in Malaysian Islamic banking. Moreover, data are collected from nine interviewees from NSAC and SC from different Islamic banks. Thus, the results cannot be generalised to other countries.

Originality/value
This paper provides a fresh discussion of ibrā’ from the perspective of regulators and the experience of practitioners in Malaysia, particularly in respect of aspects of Sharīʿah and current actual practice.
Impact of competition on fund disclosures and consumer search costs
Authors: Parida Sitikantha 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of competition in financial markets on the frequency of portfolio disclosures by mutual funds and its implications for consumer search costs.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical analysis merges the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) survivorship bias-free mutual fund database, the Thompson Financial CDA/ Spectrum holdings database and the CRSP stock price data. The sample covers the time period between 1993 and 2010 and OLS and logistic regressions are used to investigate the impact of competition on fund disclosures.

Findings
This paper finds that mutual fund disclosures decrease with market competition and this effect is amplified for funds holding illiquid assets. These results provide empirical support for the findings of Carlin et al. (2102). Mutual funds use portfolio disclosures as a marketing tool to attract investments in a tournament-like market, where superior relative performance and greater visibility are rewarded with convex payoffs. With competition, the likelihood of receiving new investments decreases for each fund and funds respond by reducing costly voluntary disclosures. The disclosure costs are higher for funds holding illiquid assets, and hence, the effect is stronger for them.

Originality/value
This paper has important policy implications for disclosures in a market where relative performance matters. The traditional view is that competition induces voluntary disclosure because entities would like to differentiate themselves from competitors, and hence, competition should increase market transparency. However, this paper sheds light on the negative consequence of competition in a tournament-like mutual fund market.
Voting with hands, earnings management and corporate governance
Authors: Li Ting , Zhao Xinlei , Zhao Aiwu 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Motivated by managers’ intentions to pursue private interests by engaging in earnings management, this paper aims to investigate whether voting with hands (shareholders cast votes on shareholder proposals) by shareholders acts as an external disciplining mechanism over earnings management relative to corporate governance. Also, as corporate governance can scrutinize managers’ behavior, this study also examines whether there is a substitutive relation between shareholder proposals and corporate governance mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
First, this paper uses ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions of discrepancy accruals on the percentage of “For” votes for shareholder proposals to test the incremental effect of shareholder proposals on earnings management. Second, firms receiving shareholder proposals are matched with those not receiving proposals by propensity scores, and the levels of earnings management and corporate governance between these two groups are compared by univariate analysis and OLS regressions. In addition, six portfolios are created based on whether firms receive shareholder proposals, as well as on the levels of corporate governance, to assess whether external control from shareholder proposals can substitute internal control for corporate governance in disciplining earnings management. Regressions of earnings management on corporate governance (shareholder proposals) are conducted in the sub-samples formed on shareholder proposals (corporate governance) to further explore the above substitution effects.

Findings
Based on a sample of 2,041 firm-year observations from 2001 to 2010, this paper finds that the “For” votes received from the shareholder proposals have a significant negative relationship with the practice of earnings management, even when corporate governance is controlled. The negative relationship between shareholder proposal and magnitude of earnings management is also found to be stronger when firms have weak corporate governance. The overall evidence suggests that the external control from “voting-with-hand” shareholders has a significant impact on earnings management. In addition, shareholder proposals can substitute the monitoring mechanism for corporate governance in constraining managers’ myopic behavior.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the extant literature by using the percentage of “For” votes for shareholder proposals as a proxy for shareholder pressure and concerns. This study contributes to the earnings management literature by showing the disciplinary effect of outside shareholders on managers’ reporting behavior. Also, it contributes to the corporate governance research by presenting that shareholder proposals can substitute for the internal control of corporate governance in decreasing earnings management. This paper should be of interest to investors and standard setters.
Governance of the Chinese Super League
Authors: Ma Yang , Kurscheidt Markus 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
In 2017, the Chinese Super League (CSL), the first professional football division in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), became the highest-spending league in the international players’ transfer market, with a total spending of €377m. Moreover, the government of the PRC is backing the CSL with an ambitious football plan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the governance of the CSL by questioning the organisational viability of the league.

Design/methodology/approach
In addition to the relevant international literature, this study is based on 14 recent scholarly articles published in Mandarin from 2013 to 2018 to reflect the national academic debate. Moreover, website research on all CSL clubs has been conducted. The institutional analysis follows the integrative change model of Cunningham (2002) complemented by agency and bureaucracy theory.

Findings
The CSL still faces substantial governance problems caused by the divergence of goal setting, organisational inefficiencies and compliance issues. The organisational change is notably constrained by internal competitive value commitments and external power dependency.

Research limitations/implications
The institutional findings on the CSL provide a starting point for empirical studies. The approach contributes to the theory of sport governance processes.

Practical implications
The material and insights are informative for decision makers to evaluate the competitiveness of the CSL.

Originality/value
This paper is the first international in-depth analysis of the governance of the CSL using the body of knowledge published in Mandarin.
Extracting and prioritizing knowledge risk components by considering the knowledge map
Authors: Akhavan Peyman , Khodabandeh Mehdi , Rajabion Lila , Zahedi Mohamad Reza 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to identify knowledge risk components. The present research also tends to determine the relationship between knowledge risk components, the importance of each component and the final ranking of components.

Design/methodology/approach
This is applied research regarding type, as well as being a descriptive, analytical study regarding performance; it is done according to the opinion of experts. Library studies are applied to extract knowledge risk components. After extracting components, components were screened using the interview technique. In addition, network analytical process method has been used for considering the interrelationship of components and determining their values.

Findings
After making the required analysis and studies, a total of 17 knowledge risk components were identified in four clusters. The four clusters include knowledge cluster, knowledge map cluster, organization cluster and expert cluster. It is to be noted that the extracted components are prioritized in each cluster. In the regarded case study, different parts of the organization have been evaluated in terms of exposure to knowledge risk.

Originality/value
Identifying the knowledge risk components enables the organization for moving toward the implementation of the knowledge management system and informing the organization in connection with risk aversion. In fact, such components provide the chance for the organization to identify risks inherent in each department of any organization and develop the necessary measures to reduce the risk in risky areas.
Imputing race and ethnic information in administrative health data
Authors: Xue Yishu , Harel Ofer , Aseltine Robert H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo improve on existing methods to infer race/ethnicity in health care data through an analysis of birth records from Connecticut.Data SourceA total of 162 467 Connecticut birth records from 2009 to 2013.Study DesignWe developed a logistic model to predict race/ethnicity using data fromUSCensus and patient‐level information. Model performance was tested and compared to previous studies. Five performance measures were used for comparison.Principal FindingsOur full model correctly classifies 81 percent of subjects and shows improvement over extant methods. We achieved substantially improved sensitivity in predicting black race.ConclusionsPredictive models using Census information and patients’ demographic characteristics can be used to accurately populate race/ethnicity information in health care databases, enhancing opportunities to investigate and address disparities in access to, utilization of, and outcomes of care.
Female competition for availability of males in insects: the Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) model
Authors: Čokl Andrej , Žunič Kosi Alenka , Laumann Raul Alberto , Virant‐Doberlet Meta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultimodal communication in solitary stinkbugs enables them to meet, mate and copulate. Many plant‐dwelling species exchange information during the calling phase of mating behavior using substrate‐borne vibratory signals. A female‐biased gender ratio induces rivalry and competition for a sexual partner. Female competition for males, first described among Heteroptera in three stinkbug species, revealed species specific differences and opened the question of plasticity in individually emitted temporal and frequency signal characteristics during calling and rival alternation. To address this question and gain an insight into the mechanisms underlying stinkbug female rivalry, we compared the characteristics of alternated signals in the southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Compared to male rivalry, female rivalry is more complex, lasts longer and runs through successive phases by a combination of different song types. The male pheromone triggers alternation between females, producing song pulses that occasionally overlap each other. One female initiates the rivalry by changing individual pulses into pulse trains of three different types. The competing female alternates with pulses of changed temporal characteristics at lower levels of rivalry and by varying the frequency characteristics of pulse trains at higher levels. During female rivalry, the male either stops responding or occasionally emits calling and courtship signals in response to the female that has produced signals of steady temporal characteristics. Female rivalry shows complex and species specific patterns of information exchange at different levels with a broad‐range variation of temporal and frequency characteristics of, until now, unidentified vibratory emissions.
Temporal impact of the publication of guidelines and randomised evidence on the adoption of hypofractionated whole breast radiotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Jung Kyung Yoon Kylie , Shadbolt Bruce , Rezo Angela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionClinical data supporting the use of hypofractionated whole breast radiotherapy (HF‐WBRT) in early‐stage breast cancer patients have accumulated over the last decade. Despite the availability of the published evidence, the adoption rate of HF‐WBRT has been slower‐than‐expected. We sought to assess the temporal impact of the publication of the guidelines and randomised evidence on the practice pattern of HF‐WBRT and identify clinical predictors of its utilisation.MethodsWomen with early‐stage breast cancer who received adjuvant WBRT at Canberra Health Services between 2008 and 2016 were identified from clinical databases. The patterns of HF‐WBRT use were analysed in relation to pre‐specified time periods (before and after the guideline publications) in the entire cohort as well as in a patient subset fulfilling the criteria for HF‐WBRT according to the guidelines (referred to as ‘guideline‐endorsed subset’). The impact of clinical variables, treating clinicians and the time periods on the adoption of HF‐WBRT was assessed by hierarchical multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsOf the entire cohort (n = 1171), the guideline‐endorsed subset constituted 51.6% (n = 604) of the patients. HF‐WBRT was utilised in 32.8% of the entire cohort and 46.2% of the guideline‐endorsed subset. Between 2008 and 2016, HF‐WBRT use rate increased from 12.1% to 56.6% in a non‐linear pattern. Release of international and local consensus guidelines significantly correlated with the increase in HF‐WBRT utilisation rate. The use of chemotherapy and/or tumour bed boost radiotherapy (TBBR), chest wall sepJMIROtion distance (CWSD) and patient age were significant predictors of HF‐WBRT use on multivariate analyses. After factoring in the effects of individual clinicians and the time periods on hierarchical multivariate analyses, the use of chemotherapy, TBBR, and CWSD remained as significant variables. Clinicians contributed to the variability in the HF‐WBRT adoption pattern.ConclusionThe temporal uptake pattern and the predictors of adjuvant HF‐WBRT use in early breast cancer patients largely reflected the accumulating clinical evidence and the publication of the consensus guidelines. This study identified potentially modifiable factors associated with slower‐than‐expected uptake rate of HF‐WBRT. Understanding why there is variability in clinicians’ readiness to adopt the abbreviated treatment despite the availability of advanced radiotherapy techniques and the updated evidence is an important step towards formulating effective strategies to optimise the radiotherapeutic management of this common malignancy.
When Do Qualitative Risk Disclosures Backfire? The Effects of a Mismatch in Hedge Disclosure Formats on Investors' Judgments
Authors: He Yanan , Tan Hun‐Tong , Yeo Feng , Zhang Jixun 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDisclosure standards mandate the quantitative disclosure of hedging‐instrument‐related risks but not the disclosure of hedged‐item‐related risks. We examine how a match (mismatch) in formats, caused by making quantitative (qualitative) hedged item disclosures alongside quantitative hedging instrument disclosures, affects investors' integration of information from these two related disclosures. Our first experiment varies the hedged item disclosure format (quantitative or qualitative) and the portion of risk hedged (small or large). We find that when disclosure formats are mismatched, the less comparable nature of the two disclosures caused investors to neglect the offsetting relationship when assessing net risks. As a result, risk and investment judgments were influenced by the more prominent quantitative hedging instrument disclosures. Our second experiment finds that the use of a qualitative debiaser that clarifies the relationship between the two disclosures led to the integration of information and mitigated this effect.
Double‐blind randomized trial of progesterone to prevent preterm birth in second‐trimester bleeding
Authors: Salim Raed , Hakim Marwan , Zafran Noah , Nachum Zohar , Romano Shabtai , Garmi Gali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionSecond‐trimester vaginal bleeding increases the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. We aimed to examine the efficacy of vaginal progesterone to reduce preterm birth rate in women with second‐trimester vaginal bleeding.Material and methodsTwo‐center, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial involving pregnant women with second‐trimester vaginal bleeding. Women with documented uterine bleeding were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 200 mg of micronized vaginal progesterone or placebo once daily at 16‐26 weeks until 36 weeks of gestation. Women who had prior preterm birth or short cervix diagnosed before recruitment were not eligible. The primary outcome was spontaneous delivery <37 weeks. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01269450.ResultsBetween March 2011 and January 2017, 128 women gave consent and were randomized; 16 withdrew consent and 3 had a second‐trimester termination of pregnancy. The final analysis included 109 women: 60 in the progesterone group and 49 in the placebo group. Demographic and obstetric characteristics did not differ between the groups. Primary outcome occurred in 19 (31.7%) and 12 (24.5%) in the progesterone and placebo groups, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55‐3.16; P = 0.53). The proportion of births <34 weeks was similar between the groups (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.47‐3.02; P = 0.72), as were the survival curves from randomization to delivery (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.60‐2.56; P = 0.57). There were no significant differences in neonatal morbidities between the groups. The study was ended prematurely because of slow recruitment.ConclusionsAntepartum vaginal progesterone does not seem to reduce the incidence of preterm birth in women with second‐trimester bleeding.
Eribulin penetrates brain tumor tissue and prolongs survival of mice harboring intracerebral glioblastoma xenografts
Authors: Takahashi Masamichi , Miki Shunichiro , Fujimoto Kenji , Fukuoka Kohei , Matsushita Yuko , Maida Yoshiko , Yasukawa Mami , Hayashi Mitsuhiro , Shinkyo Raku , Kikuchi Kiyomi , Mukasa Akitake , Nishikawa Ryo , Tamura Kenji , Narita Yoshitaka , Hamada Akinobu , Masutomi Kenkichi , Ichimura Koichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma is one of the most devastating human malignancies for which a novel efficient treatment is urgently required. This pre–clinical study shows that eribulin, a specific inhibitor of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)‐RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, is an effective anticancer agent against glioblastoma. Eribulin inhibited the growth of 4 TERT promoter mutation‐harboring glioblastoma cell lines in vitro at subnanomolar concentrations. In addition, it suppressed the growth of glioblastoma cells transplanted subcutaneously or intracerebrally into mice, and significantly prolonged the survival of mice harboring brain tumors at a clinically equivalent dose. A pharmacokinetics study showed that eribulin quickly penetrated brain tumors and remained at a high concentration even when it was washed away from plasma, kidney or liver 24 hours after intravenous injection. Moreover, a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging analysis revealed that intraperitoneally injected eribulin penetrated the brain tumor and was distributed evenly within the tumor mass at 1 hour after the injection whereas only very low levels of eribulin were detected in surrounding normal brain. Eribulin is an FDA‐approved drug for refractory breast cancer and can be safely repositioned for treatment of glioblastoma patients. Thus, our results suggest that eribulin may serve as a novel therapeutic option for glioblastoma. Based on these data, an investigator‐initiated registration‐directed clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eribulin in patients with recurrent GBM (UMIN000030359) has been initiated.
IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, prevents myocardial dysfunction in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease vasculitis and myocarditis
Authors: Gorelik M , Lee Y , Abe M , Andrews T , Davis L , Patterson J , Chen S , Crother T R , Aune G J , Noval Rivas M , Arditi M 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Kawasaki disease (KD) vasculitis is an acute febrile illness of childhood characterized by systemic vasculitis of unknown origin, and is the most common cause of acquired heart disease among children in the United States. While histological evidence of myocarditis can be found in all patients with acute KD, only a minority of patients are clinically symptomatic and a subset demonstrate echocardiographic evidence of impaired myocardial function, as well as increased left ventricular mass, presumed to be due to myocardial edema and inflammation. Up to a third of KD patients fail to respond to first-line therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and the use of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra, anakinra) is currently being investigated as an alternative therapeutic approach to treat IVIG-resistant patients. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of IL-1Ra on myocardial dysfunction and its relation to myocarditis development during KD vasculitis. We used the Lactobacillus casei cell-wall extract (LCWE)-induced murine model of KD vasculitis and investigated the effect of IL-1Ra pretreatment on myocardial dysfunction during KD vasculitis by performing histological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiographic evaluations. IL-1Ra pretreatment significantly reduced KD-induced myocardial inflammation and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) release. Both MRI and echocardiographic studies on LCWE-injected KD mice demonstrated that IL-1Ra pretreatment results in an improved ejection fraction and a normalized left ventricular function. These findings further support the potential beneficial effects of IL-1Ra therapy in preventing the cardiovascular complications in acute KD patients, including the myocarditis and myocardial dysfunction associated with acute KD.