bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone invasion‐targeted chemotherapy with a novel anionic platinum complex (3Pt) for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kasahara Yoshiya , Endo Kazuhira , Ueno Takayoshi , Ueno Haruna , Moriyama‐Kita Makiko , Odani Akira , Yoshizaki Tomokazu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCisplatin (CDDP) is an important drug for chemotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nephrotoxicity and lack of an effect on bone invasion are limitations of CDDP. To increase its antitumor effect on bone invasion and reduce toxicity problems, anionic Pt complex (3Pt) has been developed. The present study aimed to characterize the basis of the cytotoxicity of the novel platinum complex 3Pt in comparison with that of CDDP for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The ionic platinum complex was prepared to increase solubility and avoid platinum nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, 3Pt was designed to target bone hydroxyapatite and has germinal bisphosphonate moieties for drug delivery. In vitro antitumor activity was assayed in two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. To investigate the antitumor and nephrotoxic effects of 3Pt, nude mice with OSC‐19 were given 3Pt and CDDP. The in vitro growth‐inhibitory effect of 3Pt was significantly less than that of CDDP. However, both 3Pt and CDDP showed equivalent antitumor effects in vivo. Mice injected with CDDP developed renal cell apoptosis; however, those injected with 3Pt were almost free of renal cell injury. In addition to similar in vivo antitumor effects, 3Pt decreased the volume of bone resorption compared to that with CDDP in a bone invasion model using OSC‐19. In conclusion, considering the potential advantages in terms of noticeable antitumor activity on bone invasion and reduced nephrotoxicity, 3Pt represents a significant improvement in the development of bone‐targeting platinum drugs.
Direct and indirect effects of climate on bird abundance along elevation gradients in the Northern Appalachian mountains
Authors: Duclos Timothy R. , DeLuca William V. , King David I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe stratification of organisms along elevational gradients is widely reported, with montane communities characterized by species occurring in relatively small and isolated populations; these species are of considerable interest to ecologists and conservationists. This stratification is generally attributed to climatic zonation. Evidence that species are shifting upward in elevation has fuelled speculation that species are tracking their climatic niches in response to climate change. Uncertainty regarding the degree to which climate directly influences species abundance versus the degree to which climate has an indirect influence via vegetation represents a key impediment to understanding the ecology of montane species; here, we evaluate these direct and indirect effects.LocationWhite Mountains, New Hampshire, USA.MethodsWe used N‐mixture models to correct for imperfect detection of species, principal component analysis to represent gradients in vegetation structure and composition and structural equation models to assign variation to the direct and indirect effects of climate upon birds.ResultsAnalysis of 13 species revealed that climate exerts direct influences on bird abundance and indirect influences mediated by vegetation composition and structure. All species exhibited indirect effects of climate via forest habitat, with 77% exhibiting both direct and indirect effects and 53% exhibiting stronger indirect effects.Main conclusionsWe provide insight into the mechanistic pathways of how climate influences the distribution of species along elevational gradients, underscoring the complex vulnerability of species to climate change. Our results reveal that the majority of species experience both direct and indirect effects of climate, implying that forests play a key role in mediating climate effects. For species that are primarily influenced by climate directly, typical climate envelope models may continue to be informative, but for the majority of the species included in this study, we show that distribution models should also include measures of habitat.
Frequency and features of myasthenia gravis developing after thymectomy
Authors: Uzawa A. , Kanai T. , Oda F. , Ozawa Y. , Yasuda M. , Kawaguchi N. , Himuro K. , Yoshino I. , Kuwabara S. 
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeThymectomy is an effective treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG) with anti‐acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies. We rarely encounter patients who develop MG after surgery for thymic tumors. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and frequency of post‐thymectomy onset (PostTx) MG.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical information of thymoma‐associated MG in 158 patients. Of these, 18 (11%) patients with PostTx MG were identified.ResultsThe presence of anti‐AChR antibodies (82%) and electrophysiological abnormalities (50%) was confirmed before thymectomy in patients with PostTx MG. The clinical characteristics of PostTx MG were similar to those of pre‐thymectomy onset (PreTx) MG. In PostTx MG, the duration between thymectomy and MG onset were distributed as < 6 months (early‐onset PostTx MG) and ≥ 6 months (late‐onset PostTx MG). Notably, some patients with late‐onset PostTx MG were associated with thymoma relapse.ConclusionOur results suggest that approximately 11% of patients with thymoma‐associated MG were PostTx MG and pre‐surgical assessment of anti‐AChR antibody titer or electrophysiological testing may predict PostTx MG development. However, no difference in clinical manifestation and prognosis was observed between PreTx MG and PostTx MG.
Dracorhodin perchlorate protects pancreatic β‐cells against glucotoxicity‐ or lipotoxicity‐induced dysfunction and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Lei , Liang Chen , Mei Pucheng , Zhu Hong , Hou Meiling , Yu Chunlei , Song Zhenbo , Bao Yongli , Huang Yanxin , Yi Jingwen , Wang Shuyue , Wu Yin , Zheng Lihua , Sun Ying , Wang Guannan , Huo Mingxin , Yang Shaonian , Sun Luguo , Li Yuxin 
Published: July 2019

Glucotoxicity or lipotoxicity leads to hyperglycemia and insulin secretion deficiency, which are important causes for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, the restoration of β‐cell function is a long‐sought goal in diabetes research. Previous studies have implicated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 gene (Pdx1) in β‐cell function and insulin secretion. In this study, we established a Pdx1 promoter‐dependent luciferase system and identified the natural compound dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) as an effective promotor of Pdx1 expression. We further demonstrated that DP could significantly inhibit β‐cell apoptosis induced by 33 mm glucose or 200 μm palmitate by interfering with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial pathways and enhance insulin secretion as well. These effects were associated with enhanced activities of Erk1/2, which in turn promoted Pdx1 expression and increased the ratio of Bcl2/Bax, since inhibition of the Erk1/2 pathway abolished the DP‐induced expression of Pdx1 and suppression of apoptosis. In addition, our in vivo results in diabetic mice indicated that DP treatment lowered blood glucose, raised insulin levels, enhanced Pdx1 expression and increased islet size and number in the pancreas of diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that Pdx1 is a potential target molecule of DP in the treatment of T2DM via the inhibition of glucotoxicity‐ or lipotoxicity‐ induced β‐cell apoptosis and the attenuation of insulin secretion dysfunction.
Black matters are spatial matters: Black geographies for the twenty‐first century
Authors: Hawthorne Camilla 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKatherine McKittrick famously wrote in Demonic Grounds that “black lives are necessarily geographic, but also struggle with discourses that erase and despatialize their sense of place” (McKittrick, 2006, p. xiii). From analyses of diaspora to the plantation, from studies of urban segregation to anticolonial circuits of resistance, Black thought has long been concerned with questions of space, place, and power. Yet these interventions, which span centuries and continents, have not always been recognized as “properly” geographical and have thus been systematically excluded from the formal canon of disciplinary geography. Within the last five years, however, Black Geographies as a field of inquiry has gained increasing institutional recognition—thanks to the tireless labor of Black scholars to carve out spaces for their work within the discipline. This article reflects on the state of the field of Black Geographies, with an emphasis on the radically interdisciplinary interventions this body of scholarship has made into the mainstream of disciplinary geography. I review some of the most prominent thematic areas within Black Geographies, including space‐making and the Black geographic imagination; racial capitalism; cities, policing, and carceral geographies; and racism and plantation futures. I conclude with a consideration of avenues for future research, including the need for more studies that provincialize North America and connect with Latinx and Native/Indigenous geographies.
Outpatient Management of Headache after Pediatric Emergency Department Visit: Are we Missing Anything?
Authors: Glatstein Miguel , Voliovitch Yair , Orbach Rotem , Carmi Amit , Amarilyo Gil , Carbell Gary , Rimon Ayelet 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundHeadache is a common complaint in children at a pediatric emergency department (PED). The primary objective of this analysis is to describe the outcome of patients presenting with headache to the PED and discharged with neurology follow up. The secondary objective is to describe the diagnostic evaluation children with headache underwent in the PED and to evaluate headache characteristics which are more likely associated with serious, life‐threatening conditions.MethodsA retrospective chart review of children who were discharged from the PED after evaluation for headache, with a scheduled urgent neurology outpatient clinic follow up at the same institution, over a 3.5‐year period.ResultsDuring the study period, we identified 300 children whose admitting diagnosis was headache and they were discharged from the PED with a scheduled follow up. None of these patients had papilledema on fundoscopy performed by an ophthalmologist during the PED visit. Following neurology outpatient clinic visit, 62 (21%) were referred to perform brain magnetic resonance imaging. None of the patients had a diagnosis of brain tumor or any anatomic abnormality that could increase intracranial pressure.ConclusionsNo immediate life‐threatening cases presented to the follow up neurology clinic for evaluation. A scheduled urgent neurology outpatient clinic follow up in any child with headache who is discharged from the PED, offers a safety net, even when the physical examination including fundoscopy is normal.
Digital versus conventional impression method in children: Comfort, preference and time
Authors: Yilmaz Hakan , Aydin Merve Nur 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe comfortness and effectiveness of digital and conventional impression methods in children have not yet been compared.AimTo assess the digital and conventional impression methods in children in terms of comfort, preference, and the time required to take impressions.DesignDigital impressions were taken by using an intraoral scanner, and conventional impressions were taken by using alginate from 28 patients by the same operator. In each impression‐taking‐process, comfort was assessed by both the children and the clinician, and the chairside times were written. Student's t tests and Mann‐Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses, and P < .05 was considered to be significant.ResultsThe digital impression was considered to be more comfortable in the assessments by both the children and the clinician (P < .001). The total time the digital impression took was 465.89 ± 76.71 second(s) while that of the conventional impression was 450.25 ± 64.08 s when the chairside times of the two impression methods were compared. There was no statistically significant difference (P = .41).ConclusionThe digital impression method compared with the conventional impression method was found to be both more comfortable and preferable by the children, but there was no difference in terms of the time required to take impressions.
Larger and deeper ventricular lesions using a novel expandable spherical monopolar irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter
Authors: Kitamura Takeshi , Hocini Mélèze , Bourier Felix , Martin Ruairidh , Takigawa Masateru , Frontera Antonio , Thompson Nathaniel , Cheniti Ghassen , Vlachos Konstantinos , Martin Claire A. , Lam Anna , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Denis Arnaud , Sacher Frédéric , Derval Nicolas , Cochet Hubert , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency (RF) ablation is an established treatment for ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, the inability of current RF catheters to address deep or large substrate may explain most of the clinical failures.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of ablation in the left ventricle (LV) in sheep using a novel 8‐Fr deflectable ablation catheter (Sphere‐9; Affera, Inc) with a 9‐mm expandable spherical monopolar irrigated RF tip vs a standard RF irrigated catheter (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA). The impact on tissue was assessed on local bipolar electrograms (from nine uniformly distributed mini surface electrodes and an internal central reference electrode), as well as on direct lesion measurement post mortem.Methods and ResultsEleven sheep underwent LV endocardial ablation in healthy tissue using the Sphere‐9 catheter (n = 6), or a conventional irrigated RF catheter (n = 5). Twenty lesions were created with the Sphere‐9 (current limit: 2.7 A; temp. limit: 60°C; irrigation: 30 mL/min; and duration: 60‐120 seconds). Local bipolar electrograms at the surface of the catheter disappeared during RF delivery in 17 of 20 (85%) lesions. The mean lesion volume was 1707 ± 771 mm
3 (length: 15.8 ± 3.3 mm; width: 11.6 ± 4.2 mm; and depth: 10.3 ± 2.9 mm). Twenty‐five lesions were created with a standard RF irrigated catheter (power control 35 W; irrigation: 30 mL/min; duration: 60 seconds; volume 537 ± 398 mm
3; length: 8.2 ± 2.3 mm; width: 5.2 ± 1.8 mm; and depth: 5.5 ± 2.4 mm). The novel spherical RF catheter created significantly larger lesions (
P < .001 for measurements in all dimensions). There were no steam pops with the novel ablation catheter vs one with the conventional catheter.ConclusionsThis novel spherical monopolar irrigated RF catheter creates lesions that are twice as large and deep as a standard irrigated RF catheter.
Prevalence and identification of Aspergillus and Penicillium species isolated from peanut kernels in central Myanmar
Authors: Chein Su Hlaing , Sadiq Muhammad Bilal , Datta Avishek , Anal Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to conduct a survey to evaluate the postharvest handling of peanuts at farm level and to screen and identify the strains of Aspergillus and Penicillium species from peanut kernels in central Myanmar. A total of 640 samples from the stores of farmers, collectors, and wholesalers were collected and seeded for growth, isolation, and characterization of fungi. Out of 85 isolates, Aspergillus flavus (38), A. niger (20), A. terreus (15), and Penicillium citrinum (12) were identified and confirmed by molecular techniques including DNA sequencing using internal transcribed spacer (ITS5/4) and beta‐tubulin (Bt2a/2b) primer sets. The study indicates different factors associated with fungal contamination at farm level peanut storage and warrants an immediate attention of food safety regulatory authorities to design and implement strategies for postharvest handling and storage practice in developing countries to minimize fungal contamination.Practical applicationsIn developing countries like Myanmar, there are lack of food safety practices and policies regarding the food storage, handling, and farmer education. The current study indicates the different storage methods for peanut kernels at farm level and their influence on prevalence of fungi. The study will give a deep insight to the policy makers to design food safety practices at farm level and educate the farmers to adopt the better practices to assure the consumer health and satisfaction in developing countries.
Deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A in North Carolina grown organic wheat grains
Authors: Yu Jianmei , Mikiashvili Nona , Liang Chyi‐Lyi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe main safety issue of cereal grains is mycotoxin contamination. There is no published information about mycotoxin contamination of organic wheat in the United States. This study quantified the contents of deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA), two frequently occurring mycotoxins, in organic wheat samples collected from six counties in North Carolina by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By ELISA, all samples were DON and OTA positive, and the DON contents in the flour and bran samples were 0.7–2.35 ppm and 5–8 ppm, respectively, while OTA in the flour and bran samples were 9.54–25.55 ppb and 21.67–32.55 ppb, respectively. By HPLC, the DON detected in flour and bran were 0.24–0.47 ppm and 0.35–0.83 ppm, respectively; all flour samples were OTA negative, but 5 out of 6 bran samples were OTA positive (0.48–1.28 ppb). More studies with larger sample number are needed to obtain representative results.Practical applicationsThis study provides preliminary results about the DON and OTA in organic wheat grains. The results indicate that the organic wheat produced in North Carolina during 2018 season were contaminated by DON and OTA to various degrees. However, the concentrations of these two mycotoxins determined by ELISA were significantly higher than those determined by HPLC. Therefore, to avoid overestimation or underestimation, it is important for researchers and regulatory agencies to conduct multi‐lab studies to develop and standardize analytical methods and detailed procedures for accurate DON and OTA quantification. Regardless of analytical methods, all bran samples showed higher DON and OTA concentrations than flour samples. Thus, when using organic wheat bran or whole wheat as food or feed ingredients, the level of bran inclusion should be controlled to protect consumers and animals from mycotoxicosis.
Using the Technology Acceptance Model to Develop StartSmart: mHealth for Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Risk and Protective Factors in Pregnancy
Authors: Gance‐Cleveland Bonnie , Leiferman Jenn , Aldrich Heather , Nodine Priscilla , Anderson Jessica , Nacht Amy , Martin Julia , Carrington Suzanne , Ozkaynak Mustafa 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionTechnology decision support with tailored patient education has the potential to improve maternal and child health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop StartSmart, a mobile health (mHealth) intervention to support evidence‐based prenatal screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for risk and protective factors in pregnancy.
MethodsStartSmart was developed using Davis’ Technology Acceptance Model with end users engaged in the technology development from initial concept to clinical testing. The prototype was developed based upon the current guidelines, focus group findings, and consultation with patient and provider experts. The prototype was then alpha tested by clinicians and patients. Clinicians were asked to give feedback on the screening questions, treatment, brief motivational interviewing, referral algorithms, and the individualized education materials. Clinicians were asked about the feasibility of using the materials to provide brief intervention or referral to treatment. Patients were interviewed using the think aloud technique, a cognitive engineering method used to inform the design of mHealth interventions. Interview questions were guided by the Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment theory and attention to usefulness and usability.ResultsExpert clinicians provided guidance on the screening instruments, resources, and practice guidelines. Clinicians suggested identifying specific prenatal visits for the screening (first prenatal visit, 28‐week visit, and 36‐week visit). Patients reported that the tablet‐based screening was useful to promote adherence to guidelines and provided suggestions for improvement including more information on the diabetic diet and more resources for diabetes. During alpha testing, participants commented on navigability and usability. Patients reported favorable responses about question wording and ease of use.DiscussionClinicians reported the use of mHealth to screen and counsel pregnant patients on risk and protective factors facilitated their ability to provide comprehensive care.
Vagal baro‐ and chemoreceptors in middle internal carotid artery and carotid body in rat
Authors: Wang Feng‐Bin , Liao Yi‐Han , Kao Chih‐Kuan , Fang Chien‐Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe glossopharyngeal nerve, via the carotid sinus nerve (CSN), presents baroreceptors from the internal carotid artery (ICA) and chemoreceptors from the carotid body. Although neurons in the nodose ganglion were labelled after injecting tracer into the carotid body, the vagal pathway to these baro‐ and chemoreceptors has not been identified. Neither has the glossopharyngeal intracranial afferent/sensory pathway that connects to the brainstem been defined. We investigated both of these issues in male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 40) by injecting neural tracer wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase into: (i) the peripheral glossopharyngeal or vagal nerve trunk with or without the intracranial glossopharyngeal rootlet being rhizotomized; or (ii) the nucleus of the solitary tract right after dorsal and ventral intracranial glossopharyngeal rootlets were dissected. By examining whole‐mount tissues and brainstem sections, we verified that only the most rostral rootlet connects to the glossopharyngeal nerve and usually four caudal rootlets connect to the vagus nerve. Furthermore, vagal branches may: (i) join the CSN originating from the pharyngeal nerve base, caudal nodose ganglion, and rostral or caudal superior laryngeal nerve; or (ii) connect directly to nerve endings in the middle segment of the ICA or to chemoreceptors in the carotid body. The aortic depressor nerve always presents and bifurcates from either the rostral or the caudal part of the superior laryngeal nerve. The vagus nerve seemingly provides redundant carotid baro‐ and chemoreceptors to work with the glossopharyngeal nerve. These innervations confer more extensive roles on the vagus nerve in regulating body energy that is supplied by the cardiovascular, pulmonary and digestive systems.