bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Constraints on Past CO2 Climate Forcing From the Boron Isotope Proxy
Authors: Hain M. P. , Foster G. L. , Chalk T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, CO2, is intimately coupled to the carbon chemistry of seawater, such that the radiative climate forcing from CO2 can be changed by an array of physical, geochemical, and biological ocean processes. For instance, biological carbon sequestration, seawater cooling, and net CaCO3 dissolution are commonly invoked as the primary drivers of CO2 change that amplify the orbitally paced ice age cycles of the late Pleistocene. Based on first‐principle arguments with regard to ocean chemistry, we demonstrate that seawater pH change (ΔpH) is the dominant control that effectively sets CO2 radiative forcing (ΔF) on orbital timescales, as is evident from independent late Pleistocene reconstructions of pH and CO2. In short, all processes relevant for CO2on orbital timescales, including temperature change, cause pH to change to bring about fractional CO2 change so as to yield a linear relationship of ΔpH to CO2 climate forcing. Further, we show that ΔpH and CO2 climate forcing can be reconstructed using the boron isotope pH proxy more accurately than absolute pH or CO2, even if seawater boron isotope composition is poorly constrained and without information on a second carbonate system parameter. Thus, our formalism relaxes otherwise necessary assumptions to allow the accurate determination of orbital timescale CO2 radiative forcing from boron isotope pH reconstructions alone, thereby eliminating a major limitation of current methods to estimate our planet's climate sensitivity from the geologic record.
Demonstration of a Broadband Very Long Baseline Interferometer System: A New Instrument for High‐Precision Space Geodesy
Authors: Niell A. , Barrett J. , Burns A. , Cappallo R. , Corey B. , Derome M. , Eckert C. , Elosegui P. , McWhirter R. , Poirier M. , Rajagopalan G. , Rogers A. , Ruszczyk C. , SooHoo J. , Titus M. , Whitney A. , Behrend D. , Bolotin S. , Gipson J. , Gordon D. , Himwich E. , Petrachenko B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA prototype broadband geodetic very long baseline interferometry system has been implemented, and measurements of the baseline length over approximately two years, between December 2014 and January 2017, have been made in the process of exercising the system, developing operational procedures, and assessing geodetic precision for the new broadband observing concept. In addition to developing a broadband signal chain and installing the instrumentation on both a new 12‐m antenna at the Goddard Geophysical and Astrophysical Observatory and the 18‐m Westford antenna at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, it was necessary to develop new correlation and analysis procedures to process the four‐band, dual‐linear‐polarization data. A geodetic analysis of the data from 19 sessions that were observed during this period yielded a weighted root‐mean‐square deviation of the baseline length residuals about the weighted mean of 1.6 mm. These results validate several of the expectations set forth for the vision of the next‐generation geodetic very long baseline interferometry system.
Continental Arc and Back‐Arc Migration in Eastern NE China: New Constraints on Cretaceous Paleo‐Pacific Subduction and Rollback
Authors: Sun Mingdao , Chen Hanlin , Milan Luke A. , Wilde Simon A. , Jourdan Fred , Xu Yigang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTectonic evolution models for the Cretaceous Russia Sikhote‐Alin and eastern NE China continental margin and interior remain controversial. To understand the magmatic evolution over time and assess regional geodynamic processes, we sampled a diverse array of igneous rocks and employed zircon U‐Pb dating, hornblende and plagioclase 40Ar‐39Ar dating, whole‐rock major and trace element analysis, and 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotopic analysis. The west Sikhote‐Alin Pikeshan Formation volcanics and associated granites occurred at a peak of ~118 Ma and are hosted by the Triassic‐Jurassic accretionary complex. Their whole rock geochemistry shows that SiO2 increased in a linear trend, Eu/Eu* values decreased from 0.91 to 0.38, and εNd(t) values decreased from +0.6 to −2.9, indicating magma mixing of a juvenile mantle wedge source and continental crust, consistent with a continental arc. The arc thickened over time with a felsic dike hosted in the Pikeshan granites showing depletion in heavy rare earth elements. The termination of the arc front is documented by the ~107‐Ma intermediate lamprophyre and felsic dikes with εNd(t) values of +4.5 to +1.1, indicating an increased mantle contribution over time. Lithospheric extension of the Jiamusi Block to the west occurred at ~100 Ma, characterized by bimodal volcanism and composite dike emplacement, suggestive of asthenosphere upwelling. Based on the spatial and temporal distribution of these igneous rocks, the continental arc and intraplate magmatism migrated eastward contemporaneously. We favor a model invoking rollback of the subducting Paleo‐Pacific slab affecting a long‐lived continental arc.
Preconditioning the uterine unfolded protein response maintains non-apoptotic Caspase 3-dependent quiescence during pregnancy
Authors: Ingles Judith , Simpson Arren , Kyathanahalli Chandrashekara , Anamthathmakula Prashanth , Hassan Sonia , Jeyasuria Pancharatnam , Condon Jennifer C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe prevention of apoptotic caspase 3 activation through biological preconditioning, mediated through the modulation of the unfolded protein response has been demonstrated to ameliorate multiple pathophysiologies. The maintenance of non-apoptotic caspase 3 activity by the unfolded protein response within the pregnant uterus has previously been proven to be critical in inhibiting uterine myocyte contractility during pregnancy. Here we report that the pregnant uterus utilizes an unfolded protein response-preconditioning paradigm to conserve myometrial caspase 3 in a non-apoptotic state in order to effectively inhibit uterine contractility thereby preventing the onset of preterm labor. In the absence of appropriate endogenous preconditioning during pregnancy, uterine caspase 3 is transformed from a non-apoptotic to an apoptotic phenotype. Apoptotic caspase 3 activation results in the precocious triggering of local uterine inflammatory signaling and prostaglandin production, consequently resulting in an increased incidence of preterm birth. These findings represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of how preconditioning promotes the maintenance of uterine non-apoptotic caspase 3 action during pregnancy preventing the onset of premature uterine contraction and therefore defining the timing of the onset of labor.
Spin torque control of antiferromagnetic moments in NiO
Authors: Moriyama Takahiro , Oda Kent , Ohkochi Takuo , Kimata Motoi , Ono Teruo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor a long time, there were no efficient ways of controlling antiferromagnets. Quite a strong magnetic field was required to manipulate the magnetic moments because of a high molecular field and a small magnetic susceptibility. It was also difficult to detect the orientation of the magnetic moments since the net magnetic moment is effectively zero. For these reasons, research on antiferromagnets has not been progressed as drastically as that on ferromagnets which are the main materials in modern spintronic devices. Here we show that the magnetic moments in NiO, a typical natural antiferromagnet, can indeed be controlled by the spin torque with a relatively small electric current density (~4 × 107 A/cm2) and their orientation is detected by the transverse resistance resulting from the spin Hall magnetoresistance. The demonstrated techniques of controlling and detecting antiferromagnets would outstandingly promote the methodologies in the recently emerged “antiferromagnetic spintronics”. Furthermore, our results essentially lead to a spin torque antiferromagnetic memory.
Wavefront manipulation based on transmissive acoustic metasurface with membrane-type hybrid structure
Authors: Lan Jun , Zhang Xiaowei , Liu Xiaozhou , Li Yifeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe designed and demonstrated a gradient acoustic metasurface to manipulate the transmissive wavefront. The gradient metasurface is composed of eight elements based on membrane-type hybrid structures, whose thickness and width are about 1/5 and 1/20 of the incident wavelength, respectively. Here, we employ acoustic theory to analyze the transmission spectrum and phase gradient of the metasurface, the properties of high transmission efficiency and discrete phase shifts over the full $$2\pi $$
2
π
range can be achieved simultaneously. By appropriate selection of the phase profile along the transverse coordinate of the metasurface or the angle of incident wave, the transmissive wavefront manipulations based on metasurface can be obtained as expected from the generalized Snell’s law, such as anomalous refraction, acoustic cloak based on flat focusing, acoustic self-bending beam, conversion of propagating wave to surface wave and negative refraction. Our gradient metasurface may have potential application in low-loss acoustic devices.
Probiotics combined with aminosalicylic acid affiliates remission of ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Peng Lijun , Zhong Yan , Wang Aiping , Jiang Zhisheng 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of probiotic combined with aminosalicylic on induction remission maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We conducted systematic searches in several Chinese and English databases from inception to June 2018, screening randomized controlled trials about effect of probiotics combined with aminosalicylic acid on UC. The evaluation indicator was the rate of remission. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of 27 studies with 1942 patients were included. The results indicated that the remission rate was significantly higher in the group using probiotics combined with aminosalicylic acid than that in the group using aminosalicylic acid alone (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27–1.53, P=0.000). The subgroup analysis indicated that probiotics combined with aminosalicylic acid can significantly elevate the remission rate in both mild to moderate (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16–1.54, P=0.000) and active stage (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27–1.64, P=0.000) UC. In different number of bacterium, drug types and treatment periods, the combination with probiotics can significantly increase the remission rate UC. The funnel plot shows slight publication bias. Probiotics in conjunction with aminosalicylic can obviously increase the clinical remission rate of activity UC than drug alone. There was no significant difference between combined with mesalazine group and salicylazosulfapyridine group.
Deep geoelectrical investigation to bound a coastal thermal outflow area
Authors: Rizzo Enzo , Zuffianò L.E. , Santaloia F. , Polemio M. 
Published: September 2018

The coastal carbonate Apulian aquifers, located in southern Italy, feed several coastal fresh springs and constitute the main local source of high quality water. The Santa Cesarea Terme cave system is almost unique case of hypogenic coastal spring caves, located along the Adriatic Sea coastline and hosting spring coastal outflow of mixed groundwater (from 22°C to 33°C) mainly of thermal groundwater due to infiltration offshore, in the sea bottom, and pure fresh groundwater due rainfall infiltration.
Thermal springs and the outflow system are strictly controlled by both the discontinuity network and the karst processes involving the foreland environment. Detailed geoelectrical prospecting were carried out to bound the upflow continental area of this system, considering the geoelectrical effects of deep water mixing with different salinity and temperature close the Adriatic coast.
Groundwater salinity mapping of the Belgian coastal zone to improve local freshwater storage availability
Authors: Vandevelde Dieter , van Baaren Esther , Delsman Joost , Karaoulis Marios , Oude Essink Gualbert , de Louw Perry , Vermaas Tommer , Pauw Pieter , de Kleine Marco , Thofte Sara , Teilmann Rasmus , Walraevens Kristine , Van Camp Marc , Dominique Huits , Dabekaussen Willem , Gunnink Jan , Vandenbohede Alexander 
Published: September 2018

In the European TOPSOIL project, countries around the North Sea are searching for solutions for climate related threats. They explore the possibilities of using the topsoil layer to solve current and future water challenges. The main objective is to improve the climate resilience of the water management of the topsoil and shallow aquifers in the North Sea region. TOPSOIL is supported by the Interreg VB North Sea Region program in line with priority 3 of the program: ‘Sustainable North Sea Region, protecting against climate change and preserving the environment’.
The Belgian part of this project, called FRESHEM for GO-FRESH Vlaanderen (‘FREsh Salt groundwater distribution by Helicopter ElectroMagnetic survey for Geohydrological Opportunities FRESH water supply’), focuses on mapping the salinity distribution of groundwater using airborne electromagnetics and aims to look into a number of measures that could increase the availability of freshwater for agriculture in the polder area. Two pilot projects will evaluate the possibilities for freshwater storage and aims to specify what measures can be taken to achieve this. Together with the other water users and water managers, The Flanders Environment Agency wants to prepare a plan for the realization of one or more pilot projects that can improve the availability of freshwater.
The Roles of IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms in Diabetes Mellitus and Their Associated Complications: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shu Yi , Chen Youping , Luo Haizhao , Li Huixian , Tang Jielong , Liang Yunyi , Liang Weiqiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe roles of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene polymorphisms in diabetes mellitus (DM) have been intensively analyzed earlier, but the results of these studies were conflicting. Hence, we performed this study to better assess the relationship between IL-10 genetic variations and DM. Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess correlations between IL-10 polymorphisms and DM. A total of 32 studies were finally included in our analyses. Significant associations with the risk of DM were detected for the rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 polymorphisms. As for complications in DM, significant association with the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) was detected for the rs1800871 polymorphism. In addition, we also found that the rs1800896 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Further stratified analyses on the basis of type of disease demonstrated that the positive results were predominantly driven by the T2DM subgroup. When we stratified data based on ethnicity of participants, we found that the rs1800871 polymorphism was significantly correlated with DM in Caucasians, the rs1800872 polymorphism was significantly correlated with DM in Asians, and the rs1800896 polymorphism was significantly correlated with DM in both Caucasians and Asians. Our findings indicate that rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 polymorphisms may serve as genetic biomarkers of DM. Moreover, the rs1800871 and rs1800896 polymorphisms may also contribute to the development of complications in DM.
Effects of Parathyroidectomy on Plasma iPTH and (1–84) PTH Levels in Patients with Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Huimin Chen , Ying Cui , Changying Xing , Xiaoming Zha , Yan Zhang , Qingting Wang , Haoyang Ma , Lina Zhang , Ming Zeng , Guang Yang , Xiaolin Lv , Purrunsing Yogendranath , Ningning Wang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCurrently, the second-generation intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) assay is commonly used for measuring PTH levels. The iPTH assay detects both full-length (1–84)PTH and (7–84)PTH fragments, which have antagonistic effects on (1–84)PTH in bones and kidneys. The third-generation PTH assay is specific for (1–84)PTH. This study examined the features of different PTH fragments in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the effects of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on the above markers in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) patients. The cross-sectional study included 262 stage 5 CKD patients and 90 controls. A prospective follow-up study was then conducted in 34 PTX patients. Second- and third-generation assays were used to measure plasma iPTH and (1–84)PTH levels, respectively. Circulating (7–84)PTH levels were calculated by subtracting the (1–84)PTH value from the iPTH value. Different plasma PTH fragments were higher, and (1–84)PTH/iPTH was lower in CKD patients than in controls. Plasma (1–84)PTH and (7–84)PTH concentrations increased as iPTH levels increased, and (7–84)PTH increased more evidently. Plasma iPTH, (1–84)PTH and (7–84)PTH levels were 1530.5 (885.0–2111.5) pg/ml, 683.1 (431.4–1018.0) pg/ml, and 739.3 (452.6–1261.0) pg/ml, respectively, in PTX patients. Plasma iPTH, (1–84)PTH and (7–84)PTH concentrations decreased considerably, and the (1–84)PTH/iPTH ratio increased after PTX (median follow-up interval: 10.9 months). Stage 5 CKD patients had higher plasma levels of different PTH fragments, and lower (1–84)PTH/iPTH ratio. PTX could significantly reverse these abnormalities in severe SHPT patients. The iPTH assay overestimated the function of the parathyroid glands; thus, the third-generation PTH assay is likely better for the management of CKD patients.
Memantine in der Mono- und Kombinationstherapie der Alzheimer-Demenz: Evidenz und Wirksamkeit
Authors: Schmidtke K. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEine kausale Therapie der Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) existiert bisher nicht. Memantine, ein Modulator der glutamatergen Neurotransmission, und die drei Cholinesterasehemmer (ChEH) zeigen eine mäßige, jedoch mit hohem Evidenzgrad unterlegte Wirkung. Ziel der symptomatischen antidementiven Therapie ist eine Besserung und Stabilisierung der Kern- und Begleitsymptome der AD, d.h. Kognition, alltagspraktische Fähigkeiten, Gesamtzustand, psychiatrische Begleitsymptomatik und Pflegeaufwand. Die zugelassenen Einsatzbereiche von ChEH und Memantine umfassen alle Schweregrade der AD und überlappen sich im mittleren Stadium. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Evidenz für Memantine als Monotherapeutikum und seine additive Wirkung in der Kombinationstherapie mit ChEH dar.
Modelle für eine zukunftsfähige psychiatrische Versorgung
Authors: Wilms B. , Becker T. , Lambert M. , Deister A. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Psychiatrische Versorgungslandschaft steht vor großen Herausforderungen: einerseits steigt die Inanspruchnahme psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischer Leistungen, andererseits wird auf diesem Hintergrund eine teilweise schon reale und zum Teil noch erwartete Ressour-cenverknappung deutlich. Seit Jahren gibt es Bestrebungen, die Ausgabensteigerung zu begrenzen. Ebenfalls seit Jahren zeigt sich ein Mangel an qualifizierten Mitarbeitern, der in der Berufsgruppe der Ärzte vielfach schon spürbar ist, in der Pflege für die nahe Zukunft prognostiziert wird. Hinzu kommt der vielbeschriebene demografische Wandel, der neben einer Zunahme von älteren Nutzern auch mit einer Zunahme an alternden Helfern einhergehen wird. Aufbauend auf diesen Herausforderungen beschreibt der Beitrag die Aspekte, die für ein zukunftsfähiges psychiatrisches Versorgungssystem aus Sicht der Autoren zu bedenken sind und wendet sich dann bestehenden Versorgungsmodellen zu, die als Antwortversuche auf diese Fragestellungen verstanden werden können. Zum Abschluss werden die sich daraus entwickelnden Zukunftsperspektiven umrissen und ein Ausblick auf eine gesundheitsfördernde psychiatrische Versorgungslandschaft gegeben.
Estimates of global spending and financing of mental health
Authors: Scheffler R. M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper illustrates the wide variation in the spending and financing of mental health services around the globe. As would be expected, mental health spending in high-income countries is a larger percent of overall health care spending, which in the United States, United Kingdom, and France is about 10% of health care spending, compared to countries such as Japan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, and Hungary, where the spending is around 6%. In OECD countries, mental health spending is approximately 7.4% of total health care spending. Our analysis of the relationship between per capita spending on mental health and per capita income shows that the elasticity of mental health spending is 0.49, suggesting that a 10% change in per capita income produces a 4.9% increase in mental health spending per capita. In LMIC, we found that the spending levels for mental health was approximately 1–2% of the total health care budget. The dominant payer for mental health services throughout the globe still appears to be that of the government sector. The case studies that we present in Korea, Spain, and Ghana show dramatically different approaches to the financing and spending of mental health.
Gute Zeiten - schlechte Zeiten: veränderte Rahmenbedingungen für die Entwicklung von neuen Medikamenten für die Psychiatrie
Authors: Szegedi A. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Medikamentenentwicklung in der Psychiatrie hat kürzlich eine Paradigmenkrise durchlaufen, deren Ursache an verschiedenen allgemeinen Entwicklungen und spezifischen Faktoren im psychiatrischen Fachgebiet liegt. Unter die allgemeinen Entwicklungen fallen deutlich gestiegene Kosten bei der Medikamentenentwicklung und die zunehmende Komplexität bei der Durchführung klinischer Studien, wohingegen sich die Produktivität der Medikamentenentwicklung insgesamt nicht erhöht hat. Die Anforderungen an neue Medikamente der Zulassungsbehörden wie auch der Kostenträger im Gesundheitswesen haben sich generell erhöht. Diese Faktoren zwingen die pharmazeutische Industrie, ihre Ressourcen auf die erfolgversprechendsten Gebiete zu fokussieren. Die spezifischen Probleme der Psychiatrie beinhalten fehlendes detailliertes Wissen zur Pathophysiologie vieler psychiatrischer Störungen, unzureichende prädiktive Tiermodelle, fehlende valide Biomarker, steigende Placeboresponse sowie die grundlegende Problematik der neurobiologisch heterogenen Diagnosen. Aus diesem Grund haben viele forschende Unternehmen bei der Entwicklung neuer Medikamente für die Psychiatrie ihre Prioritäten überdacht. Im Fokus des Artikels stehen Fragen zu Schwächen und potenziellen Risiken im Rahmen psychiatrischer Phase-1- und -2-Studien. Im Lichte dieser jüngsten Entwicklungen werden die spezifischen Probleme für Patienten und Therapeuten aus langfristiger Perspektive diskutiert.