bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Extratropical Ocean Warming in the Coupled Climate Response to Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Blackport Russell , Kushner Paul J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe role of extratropical ocean warming in the coupled climate response to Arctic sea ice loss is investigated using coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) and uncoupled atmospheric-only (AGCM) experiments. Coupled AOGCM experiments driven by sea ice albedo reduction and greenhouse gas–dominated radiative forcing are used to diagnose the extratropical sea surface temperature (SST) response to sea ice loss. Sea ice loss is then imposed in AGCM experiments both with and without these extratropical SST changes, which are found to extend beyond the regions where sea ice is lost. Sea ice loss in isolation drives warming that is confined to the Arctic lower troposphere and only a weak atmospheric circulation response. When the extratropical SST response caused by sea ice loss is also included in the forcing, the warming extends into the Arctic midtroposphere during winter. This coincides with a stronger atmospheric circulation response, including an equatorward shift in the eddy-driven jet, a deepening of the Aleutian low, and an expansion of the Siberian high. Similar results are found whether the extratropical SST forcing is taken directly from the AOGCM driven by sea ice loss, or whether they are diagnosed using a two-parameter pattern scaling technique where tropical adjustment to sea ice loss is removed. These results suggest that AGCM experiments that are driven by sea ice loss and only local SST increases will underestimate the Arctic midtroposphere warming and atmospheric circulation response to sea ice loss, compared to AOGCM simulations and the real world.
Enhancing Drought Monitoring and Early Warning for the United Kingdom through Stakeholder Coinquiries
Authors: Hannaford Jamie , Collins Kevin , Haines Sophie , Barker Lucy J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Drought is widely written about as a complex, multifaceted phenomenon, with complexity arising not just from biophysical drivers, but also human understanding and experiences of drought and its impacts. This has led to a proliferation of different drought definitions and indicators, creating a challenge for the design of drought monitoring and early warning (MEW) systems, which are a key component of drought preparedness. Here, we report on social learning workshops conducted in the United Kingdom aimed at improving the design and operation of drought MEW systems as part of a wider international project including parallel events in the United States and Australia. We highlight key themes for MEW design and use: “types” of droughts, indicators and impacts, uncertainty, capacity and decision-making, communications, and governance. We shed light on the complexity of drought through the multiple framings of the problem by different actors, and how this influences their needs for MEW. Our findings suggest that MEW systems need to embrace this complexity and strive for consistent messaging while also tailoring information for a wide range of audiences in terms of the drought characteristics, temporal and spatial scales, and impacts that are important for their particular decision-making processes. We end with recommendations to facilitate this approach.
Quadrivalent Meningococcal Vaccine Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men During a Meningococcal Outbreak in Los Angeles County, California, 2016-2017
Authors: Holloway Ian W. , Wu Elizabeth S. C. , Gildner Jennifer , Fenimore Vincent L. , Tan Diane , Randall Laura , Frew Paula M. 
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of our study was to assess meningococcal ACWY (MenACWY) vaccine uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) during an ongoing, invasive meningococcal disease outbreak in Southern California. This research was important to inform future vaccination uptake interventions for this high-priority population. Methods: We conducted venue-based sampling to recruit and enroll MSM living in Los Angeles County, California, from December 2016 through February 2017. We conducted bivariate and multivariable analyses to evaluate associations between MenACWY vaccine uptake and other predetermined factors. Results: Of 368 participants, 138 (37.5%) reported receiving the MenACWY vaccine. In multivariable analyses, older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-5.03), previous diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection (aOR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.14-4.30), belief that MenACWY vaccine is important (aOR = 3.49; 95% CI, 1.79-6.82), confidence in the MenACWY vaccine (aOR = 5.53; 95% CI, 3.11-9.83), and knowing someone who had been vaccinated (aOR = 5.82; 95% CI, 3.05-11.12) were significantly associated with MenACWY vaccine uptake. Conclusions: Our findings reflect low uptake of the recommended MenACWY vaccine among MSM after a local outbreak, despite public health efforts. In addition to ongoing, widespread campaigns to inform MSM about local outbreaks and vaccination recommendations, MSM may be responsive to direct outreach from peers who have been vaccinated.
Serum neuron-specific enolase, a marker of neuronal injury, increases after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Acibuca Aynur , Vurgun Veysel Kutay , Gerede Demet Menekse , Altin Ali Timucin , Gul Inci Sule , Candemir Basar , Isikay Togay Canan , Kilickap Mustafa , Akyurek Omer 
Published: September 2018

Objective Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) can lead to thromboembolic complications, especially stroke. We measured the periprocedural serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level, which is a biomarker of neuronal injury, after ablation of AF. Methods Forty-three patients with paroxysmal AF were prospectively enrolled before radiofrequency ablation. A neurological examination was performed before and after the procedure. The serum NSE level was determined before and at the end of the procedure and at 2, 24, and 48 h after the procedure. Results No patients developed new neurological deficits. However, the median (interquartile range) NSE level increased after ablation from 6.7 (3.87) ng/mL at baseline to 11.48 (5.3) ng/mL at 24 h postoperatively. The NSE level exceed the upper reference limit of normal (17 ng/mL) in 14 patients (33%), and these patients were found to have a larger left atrium. Conclusions Serum NSE increased in most of the patients undergoing ablation for AF, and it exceeded the normal limit in one-third of the patients. Although NSE is a biomarker of neuronal injury, the clinical importance of this increase after AF ablation and its relationship with the left atrial diameter should be evaluated in a longitudinal study.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics identify groups of Italian cancer patients with high rates of unmet needs
Authors: Bonacchi Andrea , Fazzini Eleonora , Messina Silvia , Muraca Maria Grazia , Pacetti Paola , Di Miceli Stefania , Miccinesi Guido 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Although an optimal goal remains the routine assessment of unmet needs of all patients with cancer, particular attention should be paid to those groups of patients with characteristics known to be more frequently associated with unmet needs in general or with specific areas of need. This report aims to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics associated with higher unmet needs in Italian cancer patients. Methods: A total of 835 cancer patients from different care settings (ward, day hospital, follow-up ambulatory, rehabilitation unit, and palliative care) filled out the Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ), the Psychological Distress Inventory, and the Sense of Coherence Scale. Association of NEQ scores with the clinical and demographic variables were tested using analysis of variance. Results: Higher NEQ total score was associated with lower educational level, inpatient care setting, radiotherapy treatment, psychological distress, and lower resilience trait sense of coherence. Different predictors were identified for different areas of unmet needs. Care setting, psychological distress, and resilience trait were the strongest indicators of unmet needs in every area: information/communication, assistance/care, material needs, relational needs, and psychoemotional support. Conclusions: Clinicians should consider that inpatients with a high distress and a low resilience trait sense of coherence represent a group of cancer patients to be investigated with particular attention regarding unmet needs.
Incidence and variables associated with short and long-term mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and sepsis admitted in intensive care units
Authors: Abramovich E , Barrett O , Dreiher J , Novack V , Abu-Shakra M 
Published: September 2018

Background Infections are common among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives To determine whether SLE is an independent risk factor for short- and long-term mortality in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis, and to identify the characteristics of SLE patients admitted to an ICU with sepsis. Methods A retrospective age- and sex-matched cohort study, based on data of the SEPSIS-ISR (Sepsis Israel) Registry, an ongoing study that collects data on all patients admitted with sepsis to the ICUs. The primary outcome was to determine whether SLE is an independent risk factor for 30-day and 3-year mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day and 3-year survival rates, and the identification of variables associated with mortality within the group of patients with SLE. Results In total, 29 SLE and 87 non-SLE patients (median age 55 years; 79.3% females) were included. The primary sites of infection as well as pathogen distributions were similar between the two groups. The most common infections among the SLE and non-SLE patients were pneumonia (48.3 vs. 31%, p = 0.09), urinary tract infection (20.7 vs. 14.9%, p = 0.56) and peritonitis (13.8 vs. 16.1%, p = 0.77). Severe sepsis and septic shock were diagnosed in 79.3 versus 80.5% ( p = 0.89) and 55.2 versus 33.3% ( p = 0.04) of the SLE and non-SLE patients, respectively. The 30-day and 3-year survival rates did not differ between SLE and non-SLE patients, and were 69 versus 67.8% ( p = 0.79) and 41.4 versus 47.1% ( p = 0.69), respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.05) and cardiovascular involvement during sepsis (HR = 3.32; 95% CI 1.4–7.86) were significant independent risk factors for 30-day mortality. Multiorgan dysfunction during sepsis admission was associated with increased 3-year mortality (HR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.07–1.75). Conclusions SLE is not an independent risk factor for 30-day or 3-year mortality following ICU admission with sepsis. Increased late mortality was associated with congestive heart failure within the SLE patients alone. None of the SLE-related variables were statistically different between the living and deceased SLE patients.
9-year review of new psychoactive substance use in Hong Kong: A clinical laboratory perspective
Authors: Tang Magdalene HY , Hung LY , Lai CK , Ching CK , Mak Tony Wing Lai 
Published: September 2018

Background: New psychoactive substances are constantly evolving structural analogues of traditional drugs of abuse that have become a threat to public health worldwide and within our locality. An understanding of the local pattern of new psychoactive substance use will help guide frontline clinical management. Objectives: This study was conducted to review the new psychoactive substances detected in cases referred to the authors’ laboratory (a tertiary clinical toxicology centre), as well as the associated clinical features and toxicological findings. Methods: All cases referred to the laboratory for toxicology analysis between January 2009 and December 2017, and which were analytically confirmed to involve new psychoactive substance use, were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, clinical features and toxicology findings were studied. Results: A total of 111 cases involving 104 patients and 22 types of new psychoactive substances were identified, with an increasing trend in the number of cases and subclass of new psychoactive substances detected. Up to half of the cases (n = 64) were related to the use of 2-phenyl-2-(ethylamino)-cyclohexanone (2-oxo-PCE, a ketamine analogue); other new psychoactive substances detected included para-methoxymethamphetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, phenazepam, 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, 5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine, 2-diphenylmethylpyrrolidine, methoxyphenidine, the N-methoxybenzyl drugs, cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids and opioids. Among the acute poisoning cases attributable to new psychoactive substance use, the severity was fatal (n = 3), severe (n = 17), moderate (n = 67) and minor (n = 17). And 11 patients required intensive care unit admission. All three fatal cases were associated with para-methoxymethamphetamine use. Conclusion: A rising trend of new psychoactive substance use is observed locally, which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Continued vigilance from frontline clinicians and medical professionals is imperative in the combat against new psychoactive substance use.
Bodies and emotions in tense and threatening situations
Authors: Keesman Laura D , Weenink Don 
Published: September 2018

Summary This study investigates the experiences of social workers with tense and threatening situations in homeless shelters of the Salvation Army in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Clients intimidated and threatened social workers verbally, damaged property and, in some cases, physically assaulted them. The study is based on qualitative analyses of 18 interviews. Findings Social workers reported that such situations have intense emotional, bodily and mental impact. Their main concern is to manage overwhelming bodily manifestations of fear and tension to maintain work-related comportment. We demonstrate that social workers use emotion/body work in their attempts to control their own and their clients’ emotions. We also found that social workers’ emotion/body work is informed and supported by feeling rules that revolve around their identity as professionals. Being a professional social worker means to be in control of the situation and to regard the aggression and violence of clients from a distanced, sociologized perspective. Finally, social workers note the longer term emotional consequences of their experiences, but also of their emotion/body work, in the sense that some of them become habituated to violence. Applications The study concludes that more systematic attention should be given to the ‘emotion/body' work of social workers who are exposed to tense and threatening situations, in both academic studies and current prevention policies and practices. While the former tend to offer a disembodied view of work place violence, the latter do not give sufficient attention to sharing and reflection on the emotional and bodily experiences among social workers.
Medical Comorbidities and Functional Dependent Living Are Independent Risk Factors for Short-Term Complications Following Osteotomy Procedures about the Knee
Authors: Cotter Eric J. , Gowd Anirudh K. , Bohl Daniel D. , Getgood Alan , Cole Brian J. , Frank Rachel M. 
Published: September 2018

Objective To characterize rates and risk factors for adverse events following distal femoral osteotomy (DFO), high tibial osteotomy (HTO), and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) procedures. Design Patients undergoing DFO, HTO, or TTO procedures during 2005 to 2016 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Rates of adverse events were characterized for each procedure. Demographic, comorbidity, and procedural factors were tested for association with occurrence of any adverse events. Results A total of 1,083 patients were identified. Of these, 305 (28%) underwent DFO, 273 (25%) underwent HTO, and 505 (47%) underwent TTO. Mean ages for patients undergoing each procedure were the following: DFO, 51 ± 23 years; HTO, 40 ± 13 years; and TTO, 31 ± 11 years. The most common comorbidities for DFO were hypertension (34%) and smoking (17%); for HTO, hypertension (22%) and smoking (21%); and for TTO, smoking (20%) and hypertension (11%). Independent risk factors for occurrence of any adverse event were age ⩾45 years for DFO (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, P < 0.001) and HTO (OR = 2.3, P = 0.029), and body mass index >30 for HTO (OR = 2.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-5.7, P = 0.031). When all osteotomy procedures were analyzed collectively, additional variables including diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.2, P = 0.017), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 5.5, P = 0.003), and dependent functional status (OR = 3.0, P = 0.004) were associated with adverse events. Conclusions The total rate of adverse events was not independently associated with the type of osteotomy procedure. In addition, patients with age >45, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dependent functional status have greater odds for adverse events and should be counseled and monitored accordingly.
Comparing retrospective and panel data collection methods to assess labor market dynamics
Authors: Assaad Ragui , Krafft Caroline , Yassin Shaimaa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is potential for measurement problems in both retrospective and panel microdata. In this paper, we compare results on basic indicators related to labor markets and their dynamics from retrospective and panel survey data in Egypt, in order to determine the conditions under which results are similar or different. Specifically, we (1) assess the consistency of reporting of time-invariant characteristics in different waves of the panel, (2) compare the retrospective and panel data results on past labor market statuses, (3) assess the consistency of estimates of labor market transition rates across two specific dates by comparing panel and retrospective data, (4) assess the consistency of estimates of the level and trends of annual labor market transition rates across retrospective data from different waves of the survey, and (5) assess whether retrospective data can provide accurate trends of labor market aggregates, such as unemployment rates. We find that it is possible to garner useful information on labor market dynamics from retrospective data, but one must be cautious about which information to trust and at what level of detail. We conclude with a discussion of implications for future research as well as future survey design.JEL Classification:C83, C81, J01, J62, J64
The effect of immigration shocks on native fertility outcomes: evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Seah Kelvin K. C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractᅟThis paper investigates whether immigration shocks have a causal effect on native fertility patterns. It uses a natural experiment, exploiting the large, unexpected and localised immigration of Cuban nationals to the Miami area in the USA in 1980 to examine the fertility consequences for non-Cuban Miami women. Using a synthetic control estimator and an extended individual difference-in-differences analysis, the results from this study indicate that the immigration shock had an overall negative, though short-lived, impact on the fertility of Miami women. In addition, fertility effects are found to vary by homeownership: While the immigration shock had a considerable negative impact on the fertility of women living in rented homes, it had no effect on those living in owned homes. This differential impact was likely due to the rise in local housing rents accompanying immigration, making childbearing less affordable for those living in rented homes.JEL Classification: J61, J13
American Cancer Society (ACS) Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines after colon cancer diagnosis and disease-free (DFS), recurrence-free (RFS), and overall survival (OS) in CALGB 89803 (Alliance).
Authors: Van Blarigan Erin , Fuchs Charles S. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Ye Xing , Zhang Sui , Song Mingyang , Saltz Leonard , Mayer Robert J. , Mowat Rex B. , Whittom Renaud , Hantel Alexander , Benson Al Bowen , Atienza Daniel M. , Messino Michael J. , Kindler Hedy L. , Venook Alan P. , Ogino Shuji , Willett Walter C. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2018

10006 Background: The ACS Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Cancer Survivors include: 1) healthy body weight; 2) physical activity; and 3) a diet high in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. It is not known whether colon cancer patients who follow these guidelines have improved DFS, RFS, or OS. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among 992 stage III colon cancer patients enrolled in an adjuvant chemotherapy trial in 1999-2001. Lifestyle was assessed twice. We applied a score developed by McCullough ML et al. to quantify adherence to the ACS guidelines based on BMI; physical activity; and intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and red/processed meats (range: 0-6; higher = more healthy behaviors). Alcohol is included in the ACS guidelines for cancer prevention, but not cancer survivors; we tested the score without and with alcohol using McCullough et al.’s cut points: 0 pts = >1/d for women, >2/d for men; 1 pt = no alcohol; 2 pts = >0-1/d for women, >0-2/d for men. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for DFS, RFS, and OS adjusting for clinical, demographic, and lifestyle factors. Results: Over 7 y median follow-up, we observed 335 recurrences and 299 deaths (43 without recurrence). Compared to patients with 0-1 pt (262, 26%), patients with 5-6 pts (91, 9%) had 42% lower risk of death (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.99; p-trend: 0.01) and a trend toward improved DFS (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.06; p-trend: 0.03). When including alcohol in the score, the adjusted HR’s comparing patients with 6-8 pts (162; 16%) to 0-2 pts (187; 91%) were: 0.49 for OS (95% CI: 0.32, 0.76; p-trend: 0.002), 0.58 for DFS (95% CI: 0.40, 0.84; p-trend: 0.01), and 0.64 for RFS (95% CI: 0.44, 0.94; p-trend: 0.05). Conclusions: Colon cancer patients with a healthy body weight who engaged in physical activity, ate a diet high in whole grains, vegetables, and fruits and low in red/processed meats, and drank moderate alcohol had longer DFS and OS than patients who did not engage in these behaviors. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882, U10CA180820, K07CA197077, R01CA118553, P50CA127003, R35CA197735. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00003835.