bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participants' outcomes gone missing within a network of interventions: Bayesian modeling strategies
Authors: Spineli Loukia M. , Kalyvas Chrysostomos , Pateras Konstantinos 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: To investigate the implications of addressing informative missing binary outcome data (MOD) on network meta‐analysis (NMA) estimates while applying the missing at random (MAR) assumption under different prior structures of the missingness parameter.Methods: In three motivating examples, we compared six different prior structures of the informative missingness odds ratio (IMOR) parameter in logarithmic scale under pattern‐mixture and selection models. Then, we simulated 1000 triangle networks of two‐arm trials assuming informative MOD related to interventions. We extended the Bayesian random‐effects NMA model for binary outcomes and node‐splitting approach to incorporate these 12 models in total. With interval plots, we illustrated the posterior distribution of log OR, common between‐trial variance (τ2), inconsistency factor and probability of being best per intervention under each model.Results: All models gave similar point estimates for all NMA estimates regardless of simulation scenario. For moderate and large MOD, intervention‐specific prior structure of log IMOR led to larger posterior standard deviation of log ORs compared to trial‐specific and common‐within‐network prior structures. Hierarchical prior structure led to slightly more precise τ2 compared to identical prior structure, particularly for moderate inconsistency and large MOD. Pattern‐mixture and selection models agreed for all NMA estimates.Conclusions: Analyzing informative MOD assuming MAR with different prior structures of log IMOR affected mainly the precision of NMA estimates. Reviewers should decide in advance on the prior structure of log IMOR that best aligns with the condition and interventions investigated.
Brief Report: Cell Cycle Dynamics of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Primed for Differentiation
Authors: Shcherbina Anna , Li Jingling , Narayanan Cyndhavi , Greenleaf William , Kundaje Anshul , Chetty Sundari 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Understanding the molecular properties of the cell cycle of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is critical for effectively promoting differentiation. Here, we use the Fluorescence Ubiquitin Cell Cycle Indicator system adapted into hPSCs and perform RNA sequencing on cell cycle sorted hPSCs primed and unprimed for differentiation. Gene expression patterns of signaling factors and developmental regulators change in a cell cycle-specific manner in cells primed for differentiation without altering genes associated with pluripotency. Furthermore, we identify an important role for PI3K signaling in regulating the early transitory states of hPSCs toward differentiation. Stem Cells 2019;37:1151–1157
Experimental study on fracture behavior of notched self‐consolidating concrete beam strengthened with off‐axis CFRP sheet
Authors: Sangi Monireh , Vasegh Amiri Javad , Abdollahzadeh Gholamreza , Dehestani Mehdi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, the effects of fiber orientation within the carbon fiber reinforced (CFRP) sheets, on the fracture mode and crack growth of specimens were investigated by constructing five groups of initially notched self‐consolidating concrete beams, and strengthening them with CFRP sheets in the tensile area. Furthermore, the bearing capacity, strain variation along the sheet, crack mouth opening, and the midspan displacement were recorded by varying the height of the beams and the initial notch lengths. The results indicate that the load‐crack mouth opening curves have two peak load points. First, the applied load increases up to one peak value and then there is a drop in the load‐caring capacity. Afterwards, the applied load is improved to another peak value due to the relatively high cohesive effect of the CFRP sheet. The results show that as the height of the beam section increases, or the initial notch length decreases, the first and the second peak loads increase. By comparing the specimens with different fiber angles in each group, it was observed that the specimen with fiber angle 0° has a higher capacity relative to other angles, yet its failure occurs in a lower displacement. Furthermore, with the help of finite element software and nonlinear static analysis, the behavior of the aforementioned beams including the stress and strain distributions in the CFRP sheet, and the sheet‐to‐concrete bond zone have been examined and compared with the existing experimental results for validation.
Flexural design of a modular footbridge system with pretensioned carbon fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement
Authors: Kueres Sophia , Will Norbert , Hegger Josef 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA common problem of concrete footbridges are corrosion damages of the steel reinforcement. The related loss of capacity as well as visual damages often require expensive and elaborate refurbishment or even reconstruction. To overcome these drawbacks, a modular footbridge system without steel reinforcement is developed. The application of noncorrosive carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement is suitable for building slender constructions, which are durable and long‐lasting. For the elements of the modular bridge system CFRP reinforcement is applied as mesh fabrics and pretensioned tendons. To enhance the durability and reduce costs, high strength concrete (HSC) with a high density is applied. Another advantage of the high density is that no additional surface is required. The modular construction method allows for fast assembly and disassembly of the footbridge.In this paper, the dimensioning and flexural design of the modular footbridge system are presented. In a first step, the requirements regarding cross sections, spans, and level of prestressing are defined based on natural conditions and applied loads. The results are analyzed considering the realization of a modular construction. In a second step, the flexural design of the pretensioned footbridge is presented. In this context, a flexural design model for beams pretensioned with CFRP tendons based on Eurocode 2 is developed.
Torsional capacity investigation of reinforced concrete beams with different configurations of welded and unwelded transverse reinforcement
Authors: Shatarat Nasim , Hunifat Rozan , Murad Yasmin , Katkhuda Hasan , Abdel Jaber Mu'tasim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn experimental study is carried out to test 25 reinforced concrete (RC) beams in order to investigate the torsional behavior of the beams using welded and unwelded transverse reinforcement. Four different transverse reinforcement configurations were considered: ordinary, continuous circular spiral, continuous rectangular spiral, and continuous advanced rectangular spiral configuration. Welded configuration includes welding the hoops to the longitudinal reinforcement at their intersections. Three different spacing of 200, 150, and 100 mm were used. The experimental torsional capacity results are compared with the theoretical values determined by the ACI 318–14 code, Eurocode‐2, fib model code2010 and other available equations in the literature. The results showed that the welding effect varies based on the transverse reinforcement configuration and spacing and the maximum improvement in the ultimate torsional capacity of RC beams is obtained in the specimens made with continuous circular spiral stirrups. Furthermore, the ACI‐318, Eurocode‐2, fib model code2010 and other equations available in the literature are generally conservative in predicting the ultimate torsional strength of welded and unwelded RC beams with continuous transverse reinforcement but the predicted torsion moments obtained using Eurocode‐2 and fib model code2010 are closer to the test results.
Surface‐supported cluster catalysis: Ensembles of metastable states run the show
Authors: Zandkarimi Borna , Alexandrova Anastassia N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has recently been shown that the dynamic behavior of surface‐supported nanocluster catalysts in realistic reaction conditions defies conventional models used in catalysis. This opens new doors in catalysis by giving more leverage in catalyst design, but also requires a major revision of the understanding of how dynamic heterogeneous catalytic interfaces operate, as well as of the computational approaches of catalyst modeling, and experimental methods of catalyst characterization. Major aspects of the new paradigm include the collective action of many catalyst states that form a statistical ensemble in reaction conditions, the catalytic activity and selectivity being driven by rare and metastable catalyst states, reaction thermodynamics and kinetics being controlled by different states of the catalyst, broken scaling relationships, non‐Arrhenius behaviors, and catalyst dynamic restructuring being an essential part of the reaction mechanism. For computation, this complexity means the departure from the standard density functional theory calculations of reaction mechanisms on a single catalyst structure. For experiment, it calls for the development of operando characterization tools with the per‐site resolution and the ability to find the minority sites that govern the catalytic activity. For catalyst design, the goal becomes the creation of the catalyst state (geometric and electronic) that might not be present in the as‐prepared catalyst, but would develop in the reaction conditions and would have the desired activity then. While cluster catalysts are the most dramatic in their dynamic fluxionality, other amorphous interfaces also exhibit some of it, and thus are also subject to similar paradigm revision.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Learning from nature: Understanding hydrogenase enzyme using computational approach
Authors: Qiu Siyao , Li Qinye , Xu Yongjun , Shen Shaohua , Sun Chenghua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLearning from nature is a strategy for catalyst development. Its philosophy is that creative designs of high performance catalysts can be obtained from advanced understanding of catalysts selected by nature after billions of years of evolution, such as enzyme. A typical demonstration of such strategy is the developing of catalysts for large‐scale hydrogen production. Hydrogenases due to their impressive performance in catalyzing hydrogen oxidation/production, have been selected as a prototype for human being's learning to achieve better design. Fully understand the structures of hydrogenases and their catalysis mechanisms are essential to reproduce and even outperform this prototype. This article reviews the computational efforts in recent years, focusing on density functional theory calculations on [NiFe] hydrogenases. It summarizes the current knowledge regarding the identification of active sites in [NiFe] hydrogenases and reaction cycles of hydrogen oxidation, followed with a brief collection and discussion of bio‐inspired molecular catalysts derived from [NiFe] hydrogenase model. The capacity of computational calculations for the clarification of catalyst geometries and reaction mechanisms has been highlighted.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
IL7 receptor signaling in T cells: A mathematical modeling perspective
Authors: Park Jung‐Hyun , Waickman Adam T. , Reynolds Joseph , Castro Mario , Molina‐París Carmen 
Published: May 2019

Interleukin‐7 (IL7) plays a nonredundant role in T cell survival and homeostasis, which is illustrated in the severe T cell lymphopenia of IL7‐deficient mice, or demonstrated in animals or humans that lack expression of either the IL7Rα or γ
c chain, the two subunits that constitute the functional IL7 receptor. Remarkably, IL7 is not expressed by T cells themselves, but produced in limited amounts by radio‐resistant stromal cells. Thus, T cells need to constantly compete for IL7 to survive. How T cells maintain homeostasis and further maximize the size of the peripheral T cell pool in face of such competition are important questions that have fascinated both immunologists and mathematicians for a long time. Exceptionally, IL7 downregulates expression of its own receptor, so that IL7‐signaled T cells do not consume extracellular IL7, and thus, the remaining extracellular IL7 can be shared among unsignaled T cells. Such an altruistic behavior of the IL7Rα chain is quite unique among members of the γ
c cytokine receptor family. However, the consequences of this altruistic signaling behavior at the molecular, single cell and population levels are less well understood and require further investigation. In this regard, mathematical modeling of how a limited resource can be shared, while maintaining the clonal diversity of the T cell pool, can help decipher the molecular or cellular mechanisms that regulate T cell homeostasis. Thus, the current review aims to provide a mathematical modeling perspective of IL7‐dependent T cell homeostasis at the molecular, cellular and population levels, in the context of recent advances in our understanding of the IL7 biology.This article is categorized under:
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
How Variance and Invariance Can Inform Teachers’ Enactment of Mathematics Lessons
Authors: Preciado Babb Armando Paulino , Metz Martina , Davis Brent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe use of systematic variance and invariance has been identified as a critical aspect for the design of mathematics lessons in many countries where different forms of lesson study and learning study are common. However, a focus on specific teaching strategies is less frequent in the literature. In particular, the use of systematic variation to inform teachers’ continuous decision-making during class is uncommon. In this chapter, we report on the use of variation theory in the Math Minds Initiative, a project focused on improving mathematics learning at the elementary level. We describe how variation theory is embedded in a teaching approach consisting of four components developed empirically through the longitudinal analysis of more than 5 years of observations of mathematics lessons and students’ performance in mathematics. We also discuss the pivotal role of the particular teaching resource used in the initiative. To illustrate, we offer an analysis of our work with a Grade 1 lesson on understanding tens and ones and a Grade 5 lesson on distinguishing partitive and quotitive division.
Risky Neighborhoods as Specific Type of Social Space
Authors: Kurtenbach Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to outline a conceptional framework for risky neighborhoods, so as to understand violence from a spatial perspective. Therefore, a literature review of segregation, collective efficacy, legal cynicism, and the spatial threat approach is conducted to find a starting point for an explanation for how collective norms affect youth violence. The risky neighborhood concept is presented in the conclusion of the chapter.
Identification of Health Risk Factors and Their Parameters
Authors: Dovjak Mateja , Kukec Andreja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis chapter highlights the importance of identifying health risk factors and their parameters for healthier built environments. In Sect. 3.1, epidemiological terms such as “determinants of health”, “health risk” and “health hazards”, are introduced. In Sect. 3.2, health risk factors and their main parameters in built environments are further identified and classified into six groups: biological, chemical, physical, psychosocial, personal, and others. Detailed definition of health risk factors and their main parameters, followed by the results of epidemiological studies proving the association between potential health outcomes and health risk factors, are described in Sects. 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7. Identified and classified health risk factors and their parameters are the basis for the identificationof single and multi-group interactions among them, described in Chap. 4.
Schranken und Quadranten
Authors: Wanner Lisa , Landsteiner Finn L. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel beschäftigt sich mit Fragen zu vielfältigen Geschlechtlichkeiten in psychotherapeutischen Räumen. Wir zeichnen eine Verbindung zwischen Topoi des hegemonialen Diskurses um Inter* und Erfahrungen von Trans* und Gender non Conforming Personen, die Therapie in Anspruch nehmen. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen geschlechtlicher Subjektivierung werden in Diskursen und Praktiken – maßgebend in klinischen – hervorgebracht. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutieren wir die ambivalente Rolle von Psychotherapeut*innen als Vertreter*innen eines machtstützenden Systems, das gleichzeitig individuelle Selbstbestimmung stärken soll. Aus den Überlegungen leiten wir spezifische Bestärkungs- und Gefahrenpotentiale psychotherapeutischer Räume und Reflexionsebenen für Psychotherapeut*innen ab.
The Ethical Dimension in Political Market Orientation: A Framework for Evaluating the Impact of India’s Look East Policy on Regional Income Convergence
Authors: Choudhury Homagni , Kopacsi Zoltan Laszlo , Saxena Gunjan , Mishra Nishikant 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we employ what we term as ‘the ethical dimension in political market orientation (PMO)’ framework to underline how an integration of information from relevant stakeholder groups can inform the formulation of market-oriented, yet ethical policies. Against the backdrop of India’s Look East Policy (LEP), we undertake a critical analysis of historic economic data from 1980 to 2014 in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura, often termed as theSeven Sistersbecause of their interdependence. Our analysis of the data, using time-series methods, reveals that policy changes ensuing from the economic reforms of 1990s and the initiation of the LEP in 1991 have resulted in regional income convergence in North-Eastern India. A key contribution of our work emanates from the fact that we determine two structural breaks endogenously from long time-series data, thereby identifying three distinct policy regimes, rather than specifying exogenous breaks based on historic and theoretical conjectures. Overall, our work offers both conceptual insights into processes that enable ethical and inclusive policy making, as well as empirical evidence emerging from stochastic convergence of incomes per capita for theSeven Sisterstates in the North-Eastern region in India, to illustrate how regional economic inequality can be reduced through targeted market-oriented policies.
HuValue: a tool to support design students in considering human values in their design
Authors: Kheirandish Shadi , Funk Mathias , Wensveen Stephan , Verkerk Maarten , Rauterberg Matthias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuman values play an integral role in any design that aims to improve the quality of human life. However, only a few design approaches concentrate on human values in their design, and there is even very little agreement between them in identifying human values. Considering this, we created a design tool based on a comprehensive value framework to support designers’ addressing human values in their designs. This tool intends to raise designers’ awareness about human values and provide tangible materials to facilitate the use of selected values within the design process. This article investigated whether this tool is applicable and effective to be used in design education. A quasi-experimental study with design students showed that the project groups who were supported with this tool addressed significantly stronger human values in their design concepts compared to the control groups. Results of the evaluation indicated that the tool is not only applicable in a design process but is also effective at enriching design concepts with human values.
A plea for KR
Authors: Kerr Alison Duncan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a strong case to be made for thinking that an obscure logic, KR, is better than classical logic and better than any relevant logic. The argument for KR over relevant logics is that KR counts disjunctive syllogism valid, and this is the biggest complaint about relevant logics. The argument for KR over classical logic depends on the normativity of logic and the paradoxes of implication. The paradoxes of implication are taken by relevant logicians to justify relevant logic, but considerations on the normativity of logic show that only some of the paradoxes of implication are genuine. KR avoids all the genuine paradoxes of implication, unlike classical logic. Overall, KR avoids the genuine paradoxes of implication and avoids the major objection to relevant logics. This combination of features provides strong reason to give KR a place in the conversation about the right logic(s).
Phage display screening of therapeutic peptide for cancer targeting and therapy
Authors: Saw Phei Er , Song Er-Wei 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRecently, phage display technology has been announced as the recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018. Phage display technique allows high affinity target-binding peptides to be selected from a complex mixture pool of billions of displayed peptides on phage in a combinatorial library and could be further enriched through the biopanning process; proving to be a powerful technique in the screening of peptide with high affinity and selectivity. In this review, we will first discuss the modifications in phage display techniques used to isolate various cancer-specific ligands byin situ,in vitro,in vivo, andex vivoscreening methods. We will then discuss prominent examples of solid tumor targeting-peptides; namely peptide targeting tumor vasculature, tumor microenvironment (TME) and over-expressed receptors on cancer cells identified through phage display screening. We will also discuss the current challenges and future outlook for targeting peptide-based therapeutics in the clinics.