bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variance in fatty acid and stable isotope signatures across trophic levels in large river systems
Authors: Fritts A. K. , Knights B. C. , Lafrancois T. D. , Bartsch L. A. , Vallazza J. M. , Bartsch M. R. , Richardson W. B. , Karns B. N. , Bailey S. W. , Kreiling R. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFatty acid and stable isotope signatures allow researchers, managers, and policy makers to better understand food webs, food sources, and trophic relationships. Research in marine and lentic systems has indicated that the variance of these biomarkers can exhibit substantial differences across spatial and temporal scales, but this type of analysis has not been completed for large river systems. Our objectives were (a) to evaluate variance structures for fatty acids and stable isotopes (i.e., δ13C and δ15N) of seston, threeridge mussels, hydropsychid caddisflies, gizzard shad, and bluegills across spatial scales (10s–100s of km) in large rivers of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, USA, that were sampled annually for 2 years and (b) to evaluate the implications of this variance on the design and interpretation of trophic studies. The greatest variance for both stable isotopes was present at the largest spatial scale for all taxa (except seston δ15N), indicating that these isotopic signatures are responding to factors at a larger geographic level rather than being influenced by local‐scale alterations. Conversely, the greatest variance for fatty acids was present at the smallest spatial scale (i.e., among individuals) for all taxa except caddisflies, indicating that the physiological and metabolic processes that influence fatty acid profiles can differ substantially between individuals at a given site. Our results highlight the need to consider the spatial partitioning of variance during sample design and analysis, as some taxa may not be suitable for use in assessing ecological questions at larger spatial scales.
Velocity‐aware handover prediction in LEO satellite communication networks
Authors: Hu Xin , Song Hangyu , Liu Shuaijun , Wang Weidong 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe previous satellite handover prediction and ground cellular network were mainly studied in the static steady satellite links. Rare work has been conducted to resolve the dynamic satellite handover prediction. The complexity of this problem comes from that the multiple link states of the satellite change with the users' movements. To reckon with these challenges, the time‐expanded graph, in which the covering satellite and the handover strategy are treated as its node and arc weight respectively, is constructed in this paper. And the handover prediction is viewed as finding the shortest path of the time‐expanded graph dynamically based on the previous state with the perception of velocity. Compared with the previous approaches in the satellite handover prediction, the proposed method can effectively avoid the handover prediction failure and reduce the redundant computation triggered by static update algorithms. Simulation results are presented to show the improvements.
The pedagogical value of conceptual metaphor for secondary science teachers
Authors: Daane Abigail R. , Haglund Jesper , Robertson Amy D. , Close Hunter G. , Scherr Rachel E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe abstract nature of energy encourages metaphorical language. In educational settings, teachers and students use conceptual metaphors subconsciously to express their ideas about what energy is or how it functions in particular scenarios. However, research on scientific analogies and metaphors has predominantly focused on explicit instructional analogies, rather than implicit, everyday metaphor. In professional development for secondary science teachers, we sought to make explicit the embeddedness and ubiquity of conceptual metaphor in everyday language and in science—particularly, in energy—to expand teachers’ understanding of their students’ ideas. In our microcase study, we observed and video recorded four secondary teachers discussing metaphor. We used interaction analysis methods, focusing on how both discursive and nonverbal interactions between people, objects, and environment change over time, to analyze the collected data. We found evidence of teachers’ (1) learning about conceptual metaphor theory and (2) finding value in understanding conceptual metaphor in educational settings. In particular, teachers acknowledged that if they identify implicit metaphors in students’ science language, they will better understand students’ ideas about energy. We present possible mechanisms for teacher learning about and valuing of energy metaphor; we also suggest how to support teachers in noticing and valuing metaphors for energy instruction.
Synthesis of Aqueous Dispersible Reduced Graphene Oxide by the Reduction of Graphene Oxide in Presence of Carbonic Acid
Authors: Wadekar Pravin H. , Ahirrao Dinesh J. , Khose Rahul V. , Pethsangave Dattatray A. , Jha Neetu , Some Surajit 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, we have proposed a simple, environmentally benign and highly effective method for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by using carbonic acid as a chemical reducing agent to synthesize the reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Carbonic acid has been synthesized by mixing the dry ice (solid CO2) with deionized water and by the mixing of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate. The formed carbonic acid utilized to remove the oxygen‐containing functionalities of GO to produce rGO. Surprisingly, the synthesized rGO has shown aqueous dispersible property, which helps to disperse rGO in water for a prolonged time. The electrochemical activity of resulting materials has been achieved by measuring specific capacitance by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD). Specific capacitance of resultant material is 350.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with good cyclic stability performance indicating supercapacitive nature of the resultant material. According to the data obtained, it is observed that as‐prepared carbonic acid is capable of producing carboxyl functionalized graphene which leads to disperse rGO in water. This preparative method will overcome the problems to prepare rGO dispersion in aqueous medium rather than in hazardous organic solvents.
Studies of Viscosity Coefficient and Density Properties of Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solutions at Different Temperatures
Authors: Patil Pramod P. , Shaikh Vasim R. , Gupta Gaurav R. , Patil Pankaj D. , Borse Amulrao U. , Patil Kesharsingh J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe densities and viscosity coefficients for binary aqueous solutions of imidazolium based ionic liquids (IL′s), namely 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Bromide (0.02281 to 0.17232 mol⋅kg‐1) and 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Chloride (0.01948 to 0.19816 mol⋅kg‐1) have been measured at 293.15, 298.15, and 303.15 K, and at atmospheric pressure, respectively. Using the density data, the apparent molar volumes (
) and partial molar volumes (
) of solutes at finite concentrations and at infinitely dilute solutions (
) were estimated. The limiting partial molar volumes of the constituent ions are also reported. The viscosity A, B and D coefficients of Jones‐Dole equation for the studied IL′s are obtained by using viscosity coefficient data. It is observed that viscosity A and B coefficients are positive in magnitude for studied IL′s while the temperature coefficient of B (dB/dT) is of negative, signifying that cations are water structure making ions. The application of Vand's equation to viscosity data and estimation of volume fractions of the solute enabled us to obtain Einstein‐Simha factor and particle interaction coefficient for the ion‐pairs. The analysis of the results indicates that imidazolium cations act as electrostrictive water structure making ions.
Fabrication of Hollow Co3O4 Nanospheres and Their Nanocomposites of CNT and rGO as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kesavan Thangaian , Gunawardhana Nanda , Senthil Chenrayan , Kundu Manab , Maduraiveeran Govindhan , Yoshio Masaki , Sasidharan Manickam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe report an efficient method for fabrication of Co3O4 hollow nanospheres (CHN) by self‐assembly process using poly(styrene–b–2‐vinylpyridine–b–ethylene oxide) micelle as a soft template and [(NH4)2Co(SO4)2.6H2O] as cobalt source. To mitigate the capacity fading of Co3O4, nanocomposites of CHN with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized by a simple sonication followed by hydrothermal treatment. The cationic shell block with positively charged 2‐vinylpyridine units (pH 4) electrostatically interacts with anionic Co(II) species during the self‐assembly and subsequently condenses to form CHN. A combined structural and morphological characterization indicates that the CHN, rGO, and MWCNT were well integrated within the nanocomposite. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of pristine CHN clearly confirms the formation of pure cubic phase of Co3O4. The morphological features such as particle size, void space diameter, and shell thickness were evaluated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and average diameter of hollow nanosphere was found to be 27 ± 2 nm. The nanocomposite CHN/rGO and CHN/CNT constructed electrodes exhibit higher charge/discharge capacities (∼943 mAh g−1) when compared to pristine CHN based electrode (∼678 mAh g−1) in LIBs after 50 cycles. Both CHN/rGO and CHN/CNT deliver high specific capacity, rate capability, and electrode stability vis‐à‐vis cycling performance compared to CHN.
Elemental Sulfur Participates in the Decarboxylative Coupling of Oxidized 2‐Aminophenol and Phenylglyoxylic Acid
Authors: Yuan Xinglong , Liu Yafeng , Qin Mingda , Yang Xueying , Chen Baohua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA simple and practical elemental sulfur‐catalyzed one‐pot method for the synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives has been developed. The protocol uses inexpensive elemental sulfur as the catalyst and highly effective to promote this transformation without the aid of any metal salts. The corresponding benzoxazoles were achieved in good to high yields. Compared with previous methods, becouse of elemental sulfur promoted decarboxylative cyclization was unique and allow highly flexible and wide range of applications displays great potential for replacing existing methodologies.
Anticorrosive, Ultralight, and Flexible Carbon‐Wrapped Metallic Nanowire Hybrid Sponges for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Wan Yan‐Jun , Zhu Peng‐Li , Yu Shu‐Hui , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping , Liao Wei‐Hsin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMetal‐based materials with exceptional intrinsic conductivity own excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. However, high density, corrosion susceptibility, and poor flexibility of the metal severely restrict their further applications in the areas of aircraft/aerospace, portable and wearable smart electronics. Herein, a lightweight, flexible, and anticorrosive silver nanowire wrapped carbon hybrid sponge (Ag@C) is fabricated and employed as ultrahigh efficiency EMI shielding material. The interconnected Ag@C hybrid sponges provide an effective way for electron transport, leading to a remarkable conductivity of 363.1 S m−1 and superb EMI shielding effectiveness of around 70.1 dB in the frequency range of 8.2–18 GHz, while the density is as low as 0.00382 g cm−3, which are among the best performances for electrically conductive sponges/aerogels/foams by far. More importantly, the Ag@C sponge surprisingly exhibits super‐hydrophobicity and strong corrosion resistance. In addition, the hybrid sponges possess excellent mechanical resilience even with a large strain (90% reversible compressibility) and an outstanding cycling stability, which is far better than the bare metallic aerogels, such as silver nanowire aerogels and copper nanowire foams. This strategy provides a facile methodology to fabricate lightweight, flexible, and anticorrosive metal‐based sponge for highly efficient EMI shielding applications.
Selective CXCR4+ Cancer Cell Targeting and Potent Antineoplastic Effect by a Nanostructured Version of Recombinant Ricin
Authors: Díaz Raquel , Pallarès Victor , Cano‐Garrido Olivia , Serna Naroa , Sánchez‐García Laura , Falgàs Aïda , Pesarrodona Mireia , Unzueta Ugutz , Sánchez‐Chardi Alejandro , Sánchez Julieta M. , Casanova Isolda , Vázquez Esther , Mangues Ramón , Villaverde Antonio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnder the unmet need of efficient tumor‐targeting drugs for oncology, a recombinant version of the plant toxin ricin (the modular protein T22‐mRTA‐H6) is engineered to self‐assemble as protein‐only, CXCR4‐targeted nanoparticles. The soluble version of the construct self‐organizes as regular 11 nm planar entities that are highly cytotoxic in cultured CXCR4+ cancer cells upon short time exposure, with a determined IC50 in the nanomolar order of magnitude. The chemical inhibition of CXCR4 binding sites in exposed cells results in a dramatic reduction of the cytotoxic potency, proving the receptor‐dependent mechanism of cytotoxicity. The insoluble version of T22‐mRTA‐H6 is, contrarily, moderately active, indicating that free, nanostructured protein is the optimal drug form. In animal models of acute myeloid leukemia, T22‐mRTA‐H6 nanoparticles show an impressive and highly selective therapeutic effect, dramatically reducing the leukemia cells affectation of clinically relevant organs. Functionalized T22‐mRTA‐H6 nanoparticles are then promising prototypes of chemically homogeneous, highly potent antitumor nanostructured toxins for precise oncotherapies based on self‐mediated intracellular drug delivery.
Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated Indium–Selenide Flakes and Their Application in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Petroni Elisa , Lago Emanuele , Bellani Sebastiano , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Politano Antonio , Gürbulak Bekir , Duman Songül , Prato Mirko , Gentiluomo Silvia , Oropesa‐Nuñez Reinier , Panda Jaya‐Kumar , Toth Peter S. , Del Rio Castillo Antonio Esau , Pellegrini Vittorio , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSingle‐ and few‐layered InSe flakes are produced by the liquid‐phase exfoliation of β‐InSe single crystals in 2‐propanol, obtaining stable dispersions with a concentration as high as 0.11 g L−1. Ultracentrifugation is used to tune the morphology, i.e., the lateral size and thickness of the as‐produced InSe flakes. It is demonstrated that the obtained InSe flakes have maximum lateral sizes ranging from 30 nm to a few micrometers, and thicknesses ranging from 1 to 20 nm, with a maximum population centered at ≈5 nm, corresponding to 4 Se–In–In–Se quaternary layers. It is also shown that no formation of further InSe‐based compounds (such as In2Se3) or oxides occurs during the exfoliation process. The potential of these exfoliated‐InSe few‐layer flakes as a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is tested in hybrid single‐walled carbon nanotubes/InSe heterostructures. The dependence of the InSe flakes' morphologies, i.e., surface area and thickness, on the HER performances is highlighted, achieving the best efficiencies with small flakes offering predominant edge effects. The theoretical model unveils the origin of the catalytic efficiency of InSe flakes, and correlates the catalytic activity to the Se vacancies at the edge of the flakes.
Multiscale Hierarchical Design of a Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Wide Linearity Range
Authors: Shi Jidong , Wang Liu , Dai Zhaohe , Zhao Lingyu , Du Mingde , Li Hongbian , Fang Ying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFlexible piezoresistive pressure sensors have been attracting wide attention for applications in health monitoring and human‐machine interfaces because of their simple device structure and easy‐readout signals. For practical applications, flexible pressure sensors with both high sensitivity and wide linearity range are highly desirable. Herein, a simple and low‐cost method for the fabrication of a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor with a hierarchical structure over large areas is presented. The piezoresistive pressure sensor consists of arrays of microscale papillae with nanoscale roughness produced by replicating the lotus leaf's surface and spray‐coating of graphene ink. Finite element analysis (FEA) shows that the hierarchical structure governs the deformation behavior and pressure distribution at the contact interface, leading to a quick and steady increase in contact area with loads. As a result, the piezoresistive pressure sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 1.2 kPa−1 and a wide linearity range from 0 to 25 kPa. The flexible pressure sensor is applied for sensitive monitoring of small vibrations, including wrist pulse and acoustic waves. Moreover, a piezoresistive pressure sensor array is fabricated for mapping the spatial distribution of pressure. These results highlight the potential applications of the flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor for health monitoring and electronic skin.
Transformation of Amorphous Polyphosphate Nanoparticles into Coacervate Complexes: An Approach for the Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Müller Werner E. G. , Wang Shunfeng , Tolba Emad , Neufurth Meik , Ackermann Maximilian , Muñoz‐Espí Rafael , Lieberwirth Ingo , Glasser Gunnar , Schröder Heinz C. , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInorganic polyphosphate [polyP] has proven to be a promising physiological biopolymer for potential use in regenerative medicine because of its morphogenetic activity and function as an extracellular energy‐donating system. Amorphous Ca2+–polyP nanoparticles [Ca–polyP‐NPs] are characterized by a high zeta potential with −34 mV (at pH 7.4). This should contribute to the stability of suspensions of the spherical nanoparticles (radius 94 nm), but make them less biocompatible. The zeta potential decreases to near zero after exposure of the Ca–polyP‐NPs to protein/peptide‐containing serum or medium plus serum. Electron microscopy analysis reveals that the particles rapidly change into a coacervate phase. Those mats are amorphous, but less stable than the likewise amorphous Ca–polyP‐NPs and are morphogenetically active. Mesenchymal stem cells grown onto the polyP coacervate show enhanced growth/proliferation and become embedded in the coacervate. These results suggest that the Ca–polyP coacervate, formed from Ca–polyP‐NPs in the presence of protein, can act as an adaptable framework that mimics a niche and provides metabolic energy in bone/cartilage engineering.
Concise Review: Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Current Understanding
Authors: Skvortsov Sergej , Skvortsova Ira-Ida , Tang Dean G. , Dubrovska Anna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous, harboring phenotypically diverse cancer cell types. PCa cell heterogeneity is caused by genomic instability that leads to the clonal competition and evolution of the cancer genome and by epigenetic mechanisms that result in subclonal cellular differentiation. The process of tumor cell differentiation is initiated from a population of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) that possess many phenotypic and functional properties of normal stem cells. Since the initial reports on PCSCs in 2005, there has been much effort to elucidate their biological properties, including unique metabolic characteristics. In this Review, we discuss the current methods for PCSC enrichment and analysis, the hallmarks of PCSC metabolism, and the role of PCSCs in tumor progression.
Overcoming early career barriers to interdisciplinary climate change research
Authors: Hein Christopher J. , Ten Hoeve John E. , Gopalakrishnan Sathya , Livneh Ben , Adams Henry D. , Marino Elizabeth K. , Susan Weiler C. 
Published: May 2018

Climate‐change impacts are among the most serious and complex challenges facing society, affecting both natural and social systems. Addressing these requires a new paradigm of interdisciplinary collaboration which incorporates tools, techniques, and insights from across the social, natural, and engineering sciences. Yet, a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic hurdles need to be overcome to conduct successful, integrated interdisciplinary research. The results of a bibliometric analysis and survey of early to mid‐career scientists from 56 countries who were involved with the interdisciplinary DISsertations initiative for the advancement of Climate Change ReSearch (DISCCRS) emphasize the particular challenges faced by early career researchers. Survey respondents perceive conflict between the need for interdisciplinary climate‐change research and its potential detriment to career advancement. However, participation in interventions for early career scientists, such as networking and training symposia, had both perceived and measurable impacts on the likelihood of engagement in climate‐centric interdisciplinary research. Respondents also ranked alternative mechanisms for encouraging incorporation of interdisciplinary science at early career stages, prioritizing funding of interdisciplinary seed grants, fellowships, and junior faculty networks, interdisciplinary teamwork and communication training, and interdepartmental symposia. To this we add the suggestion that interdisciplinarity be incorporated into tenure and promotion evaluations through the use of exploratory science mapping tools. Despite the need to foster interdisciplinary research and the availability of multiple prospective solutions, there remain expansive structural challenges to its promotion and recognition which, unless collectively addressed, will continue to hinder its potential growth and application to climate‐change science.This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Methods of Integrated Assessment of Climate Change
Choosing the right model for policy decision-making: the case of smallpox epidemiology
Authors: Grüne-Yanoff Till 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPolicymakers increasingly draw on scientific methods, including simulation modeling, to justify their decisions. For these purposes, scientists and policymakers face an extensive choice of modeling strategies. Discussing the example of smallpox epidemiology, this paper distinguishes three types of strategies: Massive Simulation Models (MSMs), Abstract Simulation Models (ASMs) and Macro Equation Models (MEMs). By analyzing some of the main smallpox epidemic models proposed in the last 20 years, it discusses how to justify strategy choice with reference to the core characteristics of these respective strategies. First, I argue that MEMs often suffice for policy purposes, and need to be replaced only if they are insufficiently robust. Such robustness results, however, only requires the use of ASMs, not MSMs. Second, I argue that although MSMs have larger potentials than ASMs in various dimensions, they are also more likely to fail—and that in many cases, this probability of failing outweighs their higher potential. In particular, these dimensions include the representation of the relevant target, the accurate measurement of the relevant parameters, the number of parameters included, the number of mechanisms modeled simultaneously, and the ways of dealing with structural uncertainty. While this in no way excludes the prospect that some MSMs provide good justifications for policy decisions, my arguments caution against a general preference for MSMs over ASMs for policy decision purposes in general and vaccination problems in particular.