bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching the Internet for psychiatric disorders among Arab and Jewish Israelis: insights from a comprehensive infodemiological survey
Authors: Adawi Mohammad , Amital Howard , Mahamid Mahmud , Amital Daniela , Bisharat Bishara , Mahroum Naim , Sharif Kassem , Guy Adi , Adawi Amin , Mahagna Hussein , Abu Much Arsalan , Watad Samaa , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Watad Abdulla 
Published: March 2018

Israel represents a complex and pluralistic society comprising two major ethno-national groups, Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs, which differ in terms of religious and cultural values as well as social constructs. According to the so-called “diversification hypothesis”, within the framework of e-health and in the era of new information and communication technologies, seeking online health information could be a channel to increase health literacy, especially among disadvantaged groups. However, little is known concerning digital seeking behavior and, in particular, digital mental health literacy. This study was conducted in order to fill in this gap. Concerning raw figures, unadjusted for confounding variables (time, population size, Internet penetration index, disease rate), “depression” searched in Hebrew was characterized by 1.5 times higher search volumes, slightly declining throughout time, whereas relative search volumes (RSVs) related to “depression” searched in Arabic tended to increase over the years. Similar patterns could be detected for “phobia” (in Hebrew 1.4-fold higher than in Arabic) and for “anxiety” (with the searches performed in Hebrew 2.3 times higher than in Arabic). “Suicide” in Hebrew was searched 2.0-fold more than in Arabic (interestingly for both languages search volumes exhibited seasonal cyclic patterns). Eating disorders were searched more in Hebrew: 8.0-times more for “bulimia”, whilst “anorexia” was searched in Hebrew only. When adjusting for confounding variables, association between digital seeking behavior and ethnicity remained statistically significant (p-value < 0.0001) for all psychiatric disorders considered in the current investigation, except for “bulimia” (p = 0.989). More in details, Israeli Arabs searched for mental health disorders less than Jews, apart from “depression”. Arab and Jewish Israelis, besides differing in terms of language, religion, social and cultural values, have different patterns of usage of healthcare services and provisions, as well as e-healthcare services concerning mental health. Policy- and decision-makers should be aware of this and make their best efforts to promote digital health literacy among the Arab population in Israel.
The Risk of Termination Shock From Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Parker Andy , Irvine Peter J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIf solar geoengineering were to be deployed so as to mask a high level of global warming, and then stopped suddenly, there would be a rapid and damaging rise in temperatures. This effect is often referred to as termination shock, and it is an influential concept. Based on studies of its potential impacts, commentators often cite termination shock as one of the greatest risks of solar geoengineering. However, there has been little consideration of the likelihood of termination shock, so that conclusions about its risk are premature. This paper explores the physical characteristics of termination shock, then uses simple scenario analysis to plot out the pathways by which different driver events (such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, or political action) could lead to termination. It then considers where timely policies could intervene to avert termination shock. We conclude that some relatively simple policies could protect a solar geoengineering system against most of the plausible drivers. If backup deployment hardware were maintained and if solar geoengineering were implemented by agreement among just a few powerful countries, then the system should be resilient against all but the most extreme catastrophes. If this analysis is correct, then termination shock should be much less likely, and therefore much less of a risk, than has previously been assumed. Much more sophisticated scenario analysis—going beyond simulations purely of worst‐case scenarios—will be needed to allow for more insightful policy conclusions.
The interrelation between clinical presentation and neurophysiology of posthypoxic myoclonus
Authors: van Zijl Jonathan C. , Beudel Martijn , de Jong Bauke M. , van der Naalt Joukje , Zutt Rodi , Lange Fiete , van den Bergh Walter M. , Elting Jan‐Willem J. , Tijssen Marina A. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivePosthypoxic myoclonus (PHM) in the first few days after resuscitation can be divided clinically into generalized and focal (uni‐ and multifocal) subtypes. The former is associated with a subcortical origin and poor prognosis in patients with postanoxic encephalopathy (PAE), and the latter with a cortical origin and better prognosis. However, use of PHM as prognosticator in PAE is hampered by the modest objectivity in its clinical assessment. Therefore, we aimed to obtain the anatomical origin of PHM with use of neurophysiological investigations, and relate these to its clinical presentation.MethodsThis study included 20 patients (56 ± 18 y/o, 68% M, 2 survived, 1 excluded) with EEG‐EMG‐video recording. Three neurologists classified PHM into generalized or focal PHM. Anatomical origin (cortical/subcortical) was assessed with basic and advanced neurophysiology (Jerk‐Locked Back Averaging, coherence analysis).ResultsClinically assessed origin of PHM did not match the result obtained with neurophysiology: cortical PHM was more likely present in generalized than in focal PHM. In addition, some cases demonstrated co‐occurrence of cortical and subcortical myoclonus. Patients that recovered from PAE had cortical myoclonus (1 generalized, 1 focal).InterpretationHypoxic damage to variable cortical and subcortical areas in the brain may lead to mixed and varying clinical manifestations of myoclonus that differ of those patients with myoclonus generally encountered in the outpatient clinic. The current clinical classification of PHM is not adequately refined to play a pivotal role in guiding treatment decisions to withdraw care. Our neurophysiological characterization of PHM provides specific parameters to be used in designing future comprehensive studies addressing the potential role of PHM as prognosticator in PAE.
The Intersection of Gender and Resuscitation Leadership Experience in Emergency Medicine Residents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Linden Judith A. , Breaud Alan H. , Mathews Jasmine , McCabe Kerry K. , Schneider Jeffrey I. , Liu James H. , Halpern Leslie E. , Barron Rebecca J. , Clyne Brian , Smith Jessica L. , Kauffman Douglas F. , Dempsey Michael S. , Dechert Tracey A. , Mitchell Patricia M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to examine emergency medicine (EM) residents’ perceptions of gender as it intersects with resuscitation team dynamics and the experience of acquiring resuscitation leadership skills.MethodsThis was an exploratory, qualitative study using grounded theory and a purposive sample of postgraduate year (PGY) 2–4 EM residents who function as resuscitation team leaders in two urban EM programs. One‐on‐one interviews were conducted by a single experienced researcher. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed and deidentified by two research assistants. A research team composed of a PhD educational researcher, a research nurse, an MPH research assistant, and an EM resident reviewed the transcripts and coded and analyzed data using MAXQDA v12. Themes and coding schema were discussed until consensus was reached. We used member checking to assess the accuracy of our report and to confirm that the interpretations were fair and representative.ResultsTheme saturation was reached after interviewing 16 participants: 10 males and 6 females. The three major themes related to gender that emerged included leadership style, gender inequality, and relationship building. Both male and female residents reported that a directive style was more effective when functioning in the resuscitation leadership role. Female residents more often expressed discomfort with a directive style of leadership, preferring a more communicative and collaborative style. Both female and male residents identified several challenges as disproportionately affecting female residents, including negotiating interactions with nurses more and “earning the respect” of the team members.ConclusionsResidents acknowledged that additional challenges exist for female residents in becoming resuscitation team leaders. Increasing awareness in residency program leadership is key to affecting change to ensure all residents are trained in a similar manner, while also addressing gender‐specific needs of residents where appropriate. We present suggestions for addressing these barriers and incorporating discussion of leadership styles into residency training.
Controllable fabrication of micro/nanostructures by electrospinning from polystyrene/poly(vinyl alcohol) emulsion dispersions
Authors: Cao Ding , Li Xinhua , Yang Lixia , Yan Dongpeng , Shi Yan , Fu Zhifeng 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, controllable micro/nanostructures were successfully obtained by electrospinning with the emulsion dispersions of polystyrene and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PS/PVA). The micro/nanostructure of electrospun PS/PVA emulsion dispersions such as corn‐like, spindle‐like, and bowl‐like (or bracelet‐like) were precisely controlled by regulating the electrospun parameters including the surfactant, the applied voltages, and the compositions of PS/PVA emulsion dispersions. The non‐ionic surfactant (Poloxamer) was crucial for the stability of the PS/PVA emulsion dispersions although the surfactant in PS/PVA emulsion was in tiny amount. The high applied voltages were beneficial for the forming the “lined‐fiber” structure but not for spheroids structure (bracelet‐like structure). Moreover, the increasing content of PS in PS/PVA emulsion resulted in more spheroid structure than the “lined‐fiber.” This work was meaningful for the forming mechanism of micro/nanostructure in emulsion electrospinning and made a potential contribution for controllable fabrication of micro/nanostructure of the electrospun PS/PVA emulsion dispersions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46288.
Super‐tough biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blends plasticized by glycerol and sorbitol
Authors: Boonsuk Phetdaphat , Kaewtatip Kaewta , Chantarak Sirinya , Kelarakis Antonios , Chaibundit Chiraphon 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTough biodegradable films were prepared using a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (1:1) blend with plasticizers of glycerol (GLY), sorbitol (SOR), and their (one to one) mixture. We studied the effect of plasticization on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of the PVA/PVP blend films. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated good miscibility of the two components due to the H‐bonding between the PVA and PVP molecules. The addition of plasticizers reduced the interaction between PVA and PVP, evidenced by an increase in the intensity of PVA diffraction peaks observed in the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. Thermal degradation of the blends increased as a function of the plasticizer used. GLY affected thermal degradation more than SOR and the mixtures. The incorporation of the plasticizers promoted the growth of PVA crystals as evidenced by XRD patterns and the enthalpy of fusion (ΔHf) obtained by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The introduction of SOR to the binary blend increased toughness seven times and imparted simultaneous and pronounced improvements to maximum tensile stress and elongation at break. This behavior holds out great promise for the development of a new generation of mechanically robust, yet thoroughly biodegradable materials that could effectively supplant conventional polymers in demanding applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46406.
Similar but Not the Same: First Kinetic and Structural Analyses of a Methanol Dehydrogenase Containing a Europium Ion in the Active Site
Authors: Jahn Bérénice , Pol Arjan , Lumpe Henning , Barends Thomas R. M. , Dietl Andreas , Hogendoorn Carmen , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Daumann Lena J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSince the discovery of the biological relevance of rare earth elements (REEs) for numerous different bacteria, questions concerning the advantages of REEs in the active sites of methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) over calcium(II) and of why bacteria prefer light REEs have been a subject of debate. Here we report the cultivation and purification of the strictly REE‐dependent methanotrophic bacterium Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV with europium(III), as well as structural and kinetic analyses of the first methanol dehydrogenase incorporating Eu in the active site. Crystal structure determination of the Eu‐MDH demonstrated that overall no major structural changes were induced by conversion to this REE. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements were used to determine optimal conditions for kinetic assays, whereas inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) showed 70 % incorporation of Eu in the enzyme. Our studies explain why bacterial growth of SolV in the presence of Eu3+ is significantly slower than in the presence of La3+/Ce3+/Pr3+: Eu‐MDH possesses a decreased catalytic efficiency. Although REEs have similar properties, the differences in ionic radii and coordination numbers across the series significantly impact MDH efficiency.
Catheter closure of a recanalized vertical vein after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Charbel Ramy , Hanna Najib , Daou Linda , Saliba Zakhia 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe vertical vein is sometimes left open in repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. It usually closes later but can remain patent leading to a significant shunt. We describe a recanalized vertical vein in a 7‐year‐old having undergone repair in infancy. It was closed using an Amplatzer device.
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia complicating autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 in siblings
Authors: Harrison Jonathan S. , Parmar Harsh , Wang Xiangbing D. 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageAutoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, and large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) may, even more rarely, complicate APS1. LGLL may be subtle in presentation, but it is imperative to recognize LGLL in APS1 promptly, as outcome may otherwise be fatal, as described herein.
Localization of nectin‐2α at the boundary between the adjacent somata of the clustered cholinergic neurons and its regulatory role in the subcellular localization of the voltage‐gated A‐type K+ channel Kv4.2 in the medial habenula
Authors: Shiotani Hajime , Miyata Muneaki , Itoh Yu , Wang Shujie , Kaito Aika , Mizoguchi Akira , Yamasaki Miwako , Watanabe Masahiko , Mandai Kenji , Mochizuki Hideki , Takai Yoshimi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe medial habenula (MHb), implicated in stress, depression, memory, and nicotine withdrawal syndromes, receives septal inputs and sends efferents to the interpeduncular nucleus. We previously showed that the immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) nectin‐2α and nectin‐2δ are expressed in astrocytes in the brain, but their expression in neurons remains unknown. We showed here by immunofluorescence microscopy that nectin‐2α, but not nectin‐2δ, was prominently expressed in the cholinergic neurons in the developing and adult MHbs and localized at the boundary between the adjacent somata of the clustered cholinergic neurons where the voltage‐gated A‐type K+ channel Kv4.2 was localized. Analysis by immunoelectron microscopy on this boundary revealed that Kv4.2 was localized at the membrane specializations (MSs) with plasma membrane darkening in an asymmetrical manner, whereas nectin‐2α was localized on the apposed plasma membranes mostly at the outside of these MSs, but occasionally localized at their edges and insides. Nectin‐2α at this boundary was not colocalized with the nectin‐2α‐binding protein afadin, other CAMs, or their interacting peripheral membrane proteins, suggesting that nectin‐2α forms a cell adhesion apparatus different from the Kv4.2‐associated MSs. Genetic ablation of nectin‐2 delayed the localization of Kv4.2 at the boundary between the adjacent somata of the clustered cholinergic neurons in the developing MHb. These results revealed the unique localization of nectin‐2α and its regulatory role in the localization of Kv4.2 at the MSs in the MHb.
Population‐specific transcriptional differences associated with freeze tolerance in a terrestrial worm
Authors: de Boer Tjalf E. , Roelofs Dick , Vooijs Riet , Holmstrup Martin , Amorim Mónica J. B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEnchytraeus albidus is a terrestrial earthworm widespread along the coasts of northern Europe and the Arctic. This species tolerates freezing of body fluids and survives winters in a frozen state. Their acclimatory physiological mechanisms behind freeze tolerance involve increased fluidity of membrane lipids during cold exposure and accumulation of cryoprotectants (glucose) during the freezing process. Gene regulatory processes of these physiological responses have not been studied, partly because no gene expression tools were developed. The main aim of this study was to understand whether the freeze tolerance mechanisms have a transcriptomic basis in E. albidus. For that purpose, first the transcriptome of E. albidus was assembled with RNAseq data. Second, two strains from contrasting thermal environments (Germany and Greenland) were compared by mapping barcoded RNAseq data onto the assembled transcriptome. Both of these strains are freeze tolerant, but Greenland is extremely freeze tolerant. Results showed more plastic responses in the Greenland strain as well as higher constitutive expression of particular stress response genes. These altered transcriptional networks are associated with an adapted homeostasis coping with prolonged freezing conditions in Greenland animals. Previously identified physiological alterations in freeze‐tolerant strains of E. albidus are underpinned at the transcriptome level. These processes involve anion transport in the hemolymph, fatty acid metabolism, metabolism, and transport of cryoprotective sugars as well as protection against oxidative stress. Pathway analysis supported most of these processes, and identified additional differentially expressed pathways such as peroxisome and Toll‐like receptor signaling. We propose that the freeze‐tolerant phenotype is the consequence of genetic adaptation to cold stress and may have driven evolutionary divergence of the two strains.
Comprehensive analysis by liquid chromatography Q‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry: Fast screening of peptides and organic molecules
Authors: Sardela V. F. , Martucci M. E. P. , de Araújo A. L. D. , Leal E. C. , Oliveira D. S. , Carneiro G. R. A. , Deventer K. , Van Eenoo P. , Pereira H. M. G. , Aquino Neto F. R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe number of substances nominally listed in the prohibited list of the World Anti‐Doping Agency increases each year. Moreover, many of these substances do not have a single analytical target and must be monitored through different metabolites, artifacts, degradation products, or biomarkers. A new analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of peptides and organic molecules using a single sample preparation and LC‐Q‐HRMS detection. The simultaneous analysis of 450 target molecules was performed after cleanup on a mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction cartridge, combined with untreated urine. The cleanup solvent and reconstitution solvent were the most important parameters for achieving a comprehensive sample preparation approach. A fast chromatographic run based on a multistep gradient was optimized under different flows; the detection of all substances without isomeric coelution was achieved in 11 minutes, and the chromatographic resolution was considered a critical parameter, even in high‐resolution mass spectrometry detection. The mass spectrometer was set to operate by switching between positive and negative ionization mode for FULL‐MS, all‐ion fragmentation, and FULL‐MS/MS2. The suitable parameters for the curved linear trap (c‐trap) conditions were determined and found to be the most important factors for the development of the method. Only FULL‐MS/MS2 enables the detection of steroids and peptides at concentrations lower than the minimum required performance levels set by World Anti‐Doping Agency (1 ng mL−1). The combination of the maximum injection time of the ions into the c‐trap, multiplexing experiments, and loop count under optimized conditions enabled the method to be applied to over 10 000 samples in only 2 months during the 2016 Rio Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. The procedure details all aspects, from sample preparation to mass spectrometry detection. FULL‐MS data acquisition is performed in positive and negative ion mode simultaneously and can be applied to untargeted approaches.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cho Yongkeun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a progressive cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty infiltration of the myocardium, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death, and heart failure. ARVC may be an important cause of syncope, sudden death, ventricular arrhythmias, and/or wall motion abnormalities, especially in the young. As the first symptom is sudden death or cardiac arrest in many cases, an early diagnosis and risk stratification are important. Recent advances in diagnostic modalities will be helpful in the early diagnosis and proper management of patients at risk. Restriction of strenuous exercise and implantation of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators are important in addition to medical treatment and catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia. Recently introduced genetic screening may help to identify asymptomatic carriers with a risk of a disease progression and sudden death.
Dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman‐Handmaker type: A challenging antenatal diagnosis in a dizygotic twin pregnancy
Authors: Basalom Shuaa , Trakadis Yannis , Shear Roberta , Azouz Michel E. , De Bie Isabelle 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundDyssegmental dysplasia Silverman‐Handmaker (DDSH; MIM 224410) type is an extremely rare skeletal dysplasia caused by functional null mutations in the perlecan gene. Less than forty cases are reported in the literature, of which only four were prenatally detected.MethodsWe report on a dizygotic twin pregnancy from consanguineous parents for which one of the twins presented prenatally with severe micromelia, limb bowing and scoliosis, and postnatally with clinical and radiological features compatible with a diagnosis of dyssegmental dysplasia. Molecular studies were undertaken to confirm the clinical diagnosis of DDSH.ResultsMolecular analysis results revealed a novel homozygous variant in the HSPG2 gene (MIM 142461), NM_005529.6(HSPG2):c.4029 + 1G>A, consistent with a diagnosis of DDSH.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, the current report is only the seventh molecularly confirmed case of DDSH.