bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis HIPP27 is a host susceptibility gene for the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii
Authors: Radakovic Zoran S. , Anjam Muhammad Shahzad , Escobar Elizabeth , Chopra Divykriti , Cabrera Javier , Silva Ana Cláudia , Escobar Carolina , Sobczak Miroslaw , Grundler Florian M. W. , Siddique Shahid 
Published: February 2018

SummarySedentary plant‐parasitic cyst nematodes are obligate biotrophs that infect the roots of their host plant. Their parasitism is based on the modification of root cells to form a hypermetabolic syncytium from which the nematodes draw their nutrients. The aim of this study was to identify nematode susceptibility genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and to characterize their roles in supporting the parasitism of Heterodera schachtii. By selecting genes that were most strongly upregulated in response to cyst nematode infection, we identified HIPP27 (HEAVY METAL‐ASSOCIATED ISOPRENYLATED PLANT PROTEIN 27) as a host susceptibility factor required for beet cyst nematode infection and development. Detailed expression analysis revealed that HIPP27 is a cytoplasmic protein and that HIPP27 is strongly expressed in leaves, young roots and nematode‐induced syncytia. Loss‐of‐function Arabidopsis hipp27 mutants exhibited severely reduced susceptibility to H. schachtii and abnormal starch accumulation in syncytial and peridermal plastids. Our results suggest that HIPP27 is a susceptibility gene in Arabidopsis whose loss of function reduces plant susceptibility to cyst nematode infection without increasing the susceptibility to other pathogens or negatively affecting the plant phenotype.
The glory and demise of monetary nationalism in the post‐communist Baltic states
Authors: Norkus Zenonas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper contributes to the body of research on the monetary variety of nationalism, which conceives of national currency as an essential element of nation state and national identity (‘one nation, one money’), exploring its contribution to the successful internal devaluation in the Baltic states during the economic crisis of 2008–2010. Contrary to the predictions of renowned experts in economics and finance, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were able to keep the peg of their national currencies to euro. Because of peculiar features of their histories (a brief period of independence with national currencies allegedly based on a gold standard, interrupted by prolonged Soviet occupation and the despised ‘wooden rouble’) monetary nationalism was very strong in the restored independent Baltic states. Monetary nationalism predisposed their indigenous populations to embrace the neoliberal model of capitalism and to accept the welfare cost of the defence of currency pegging during the crisis. Paradoxically, the success was self‐defeating, as it enabled the Baltic states to join Eurozone, abolishing national currencies. Theorizing about this case study of Baltic monetary nationalism, this paper closes with the interpretation of the rise and demise of national currencies as the reversal of the Weberian disenchantment process. Monetary nationalism (making money a core part of national identity) is a product of this reversal.
Lipid catabolism in microalgae
Authors: Kong Fantao , Romero Ismael Torres , Warakanont Jaruswan , Li‐Beisson Yonghua 
Published: February 2018

SummaryLipid degradation processes are important in microalgae because survival and growth of microalgal cells under fluctuating environmental conditions require permanent remodeling or turnover of membrane lipids as well as rapid mobilization of storage lipids. Lipid catabolism comprises two major spatially and temporarily separated steps, namely lipolysis, which releases fatty acids and head groups and is catalyzed by lipases at membranes or lipid droplets, and degradation of fatty acids to acetyl‐CoA, which occurs in peroxisomes through the β‐oxidation pathway in green microalgae, and can sometimes occur in mitochondria in some other algal species. Here we review the current knowledge on the enzymes and regulatory proteins involved in lipolysis and peroxisomal β‐oxidation and highlight gaps in our understanding of lipid degradation pathways in microalgae. Metabolic use of acetyl‐CoA products via glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis is also reviewed. We then present the implication of various cellular processes such as vesicle trafficking, cell cycle and autophagy on lipid turnover. Finally, physiological roles and the manipulation of lipid catabolism for biotechnological applications in microalgae are discussed.
Adverse work experiences and marital outcomes in middle years: Role of self‐esteem
Authors: KING VICTORIA , WICKRAMA KANDAUDA K. A. S. , O'NEAL CATHERINE WALKER , LORENZ FREDERICK O. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study assesses the decade‐long influence of adverse work experiences on husbands' and wives' problem‐solving behaviors and marital quality through self‐esteem using structural equation modeling with a sample of 308 dual‐earning couples. Analyses controlled for earlier marital quality, allowing for assessment of the residual change in marital quality over 10 years. Adverse work experiences directly affected marital quality and indirectly affected decreases in marital quality through lower self‐esteem; lastly, individuals' self‐esteem was positively related to increased problem‐solving behaviors. In addition, there was a crossover association, with wives' and husbands' self‐esteem influencing one another's problem‐solving behaviors. These results contribute to a deeper understanding about the processes responsible for the detrimental impact of adverse work experiences.
Central Limit Theorems of Local Polynomial Threshold Estimator for Diffusion Processes with Jumps
Authors: Song Yuping , Wang Hanchao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCentral limit theorems play an important role in the study of statistical inference for stochastic processes. However, when the non‐parametric local polynomial threshold estimator, especially local linear case, is employed to estimate the diffusion coefficients of diffusion processes, the adaptive and predictable structure of the estimator conditionally on the σ‐field generated by diffusion processes is destroyed, so the classical central limit theorem for martingale difference sequences cannot work. In high‐frequency data, we proved the central limit theorems of local polynomial threshold estimators for the volatility function in diffusion processes with jumps by Jacod's stable convergence theorem. We believe that our proof procedure for local polynomial threshold estimators provides a new method in this field, especially in the local linear case.
Modeling the impact of players’ workload on the injury‐burden of English Premier League football clubs
Authors: Fuller C. W. 
Published: February 2018

The loss of players through injury is known to affect team performance in many sports; it is important, therefore, for professional teams to be able to quantify the likely injury‐burden that will be encountered throughout a season. A kinetic model, based on the rates at which match and training injuries are sustained and resolved, a team's squad size and the 2017/2018 season fixture schedule for teams competing in the English Premier League, is used to produce daily forecasts of injury‐burden experienced by a typical team. The incidences and median severities of match (incidence: 26.9 injuries/1000 player‐match hours, 95% CI: 21.5‐33.7; severity: 17.5 days, 95% CI: 13.0‐28.0) and training (incidence: 4.3 injuries/1000 player‐training hours, 95% CI: 3.4‐5.5; severity: 14.0 days, 95% CI: 11.0‐22.0) injuries were determined using data collected from four English Premier League football clubs during the 2016/2017 season. Time‐to‐recovery curves for the match and training injuries sustained in the Premier League closely matched the time‐to‐recovery curves predicted by the kinetic model used in this study. The kinetic model predicted higher match and lower training injury burdens and a higher overall injury burden for successful teams competing in both national and European club competitions compared to teams competing only in national competitions. The model also showed that, in terms of injury‐burden, there were no benefits in adopting a 4‐week mid‐season break during the season: reducing the number of clubs competing in the Premier League would, however, reduce the overall injury burden during a season.
Racial Resentment Attitudes Among White Millennial Youth: The Influence of Parents and Media*
Authors: Maxwell Angie , Schulte Stephanie R. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveWe examine levels of racial resentment among white Millennial youth. In addition, we explore the individual‐level determinants of racial resentment among this group, with specific attention given to the potential role of political socialization and social media.MethodsUsing a national survey of parents and children collected in October 2012 immediately prior to the U.S. presidential election, we examine the individual‐level predictors of racial resentment among white respondents (n = 613) who are 18 years old and younger. We test several competing explanations of racial resentment among Millennial youth, including demographic differences, traditional media use, social media use, general societal views, and levels of racial resentment among parents.ResultsOur findings suggest that white American Millennial youth may be slightly more racially progressive than their parents, and parental racial attitudes remain strong predictors of youth racial attitudes. In addition, some forms of social media may help to reduce levels of racial resentment.
Mitochondrial phylogenomics, the origin of swallowtail butterflies, and the impact of the number of clocks in Bayesian molecular dating
Authors: CONDAMINE FABIEN L. , NABHOLZ BENOIT , CLAMENS ANNE‐LAURE , DUPUIS JULIAN R. , SPERLING FELIX A. H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSwallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) have been instrumental in understanding many foundational concepts in biology; despite this, a resolved and robust phylogeny of the group has been a major impediment to elucidating patterns and processes of their ecological and evolutionary history. This study presents a mitogenomic, time‐calibrated phylogeny for all swallowtail genera. A shotgun sequencing approach was performed to obtain 32 complete mitogenomes that were added to available butterfly mitogenomes, resulting in a dataset including 142 butterfly taxa (and four outgroups) representing all butterfly families. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out under maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferences (BIs) with alternative partitioning strategies and the mixture (CAT) model. To test competing hypotheses about the systematics of Papilionidae, such as the enigmatic position of Baronia brevicornis or the status of the tribe Teinopalpini, we estimated the marginal likelihood of alternative topologies and computed Bayes factors. Estimates of divergence times were assessed using a Bayesian relaxed‐clock approach calibrated with six fossils while testing for the number of clocks. The results recovered a well‐resolved and supported phylogeny confirming that Baroniinae is sister to Parnassiinae + Papilioninae, both recovered as monophyletic. It also laid the foundations for classification at tribe and genus level, suggesting that the tribe Teinopalpini only contains the genus Teinopalpus (Meandrusa being sister to Papilio). The number of molecular clocks in dating analyses had a significant impact on divergence times. A single clock recovered an origin of butterflies in the Cretaceous (98, 66–188 Ma) and also for swallowtails (85, 55–163 Ma), while partitioning the clocks yielded an origin of Papilionoidea in the very Late Cretaceous (71, 64–86 Ma), and all butterfly families originated in the aftermath of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction. These results challenge previous studies suggesting that butterflies appeared in the Early Cretaceous, 110 Ma, concurrently with the rise of angiosperms.
The true art of the tax deal: Evidence on aid flows and bilateral double tax agreements
Authors: Braun Julia , Zagler Martin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOf a total of 2,976 double tax agreements (DTAs), some 60% are signed between a developing and a developed economy. AsDTAs shift taxing rights from capital‐importing to capital‐exporting countries, the latter inherently benefit more from the agreements. In this paper, we argue that capital exporters use foreign aid to incite capital importers into signingDTAs. We demonstrate in a theoretical model that in a deal, one country does not trump the other, but that the deal must be mutually beneficial. In the case of an asymmetricDTA, this requires compensation from the capital‐exporting country to the capital‐importing country. ExaminingDTAs that are signed between donor and recipient countries between 1991 and 2012, and using a fixed effects Poisson model, we find that bilateral foreign aid commitments increase by 22% in the year of the signature of aDTA. Evaluated at the sample mean, this translates into around US$ six million additional aid commitments in aDTAsignatory year.
Habitat‐driven diversification, hybridization and cryptic diversity in the Fork‐tailed Drongo (Passeriformes: Dicruridae: Dicrurus adsimilis)
Authors: Fuchs Jérôme , De Swardt Dawie H. , Oatley Graeme , Fjeldså Jon , Bowie Rauri C. K. 
Published: February 2018

Species complexes of widespread African vertebrates that include taxa distributed across different habitats are poorly understood in terms of their phylogenetic relationships, levels of genetic differentiation and diversification dynamics. The Fork‐tailed Drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis) species complex includes seven Afrotropical taxa with parapatric distributions, each inhabiting a particular bioregion. Various taxonomic hypotheses concerning the species limits of the Fork‐tailed Drongo have been suggested, based largely on mantle and upperpart coloration, but our understanding of diversity and diversification patterns remains incomplete. Especially given our lack of knowledge about how well these characters reflect taxonomy in a morphologically conservative group. Using a thorough sampling across Afrotropical bioregions, we suggest that the number of recognized species within the D. adsimilis superspecies complex has likely been underestimated and that mantle and upperpart coloration reflects local adaptation to different habitat structure, rather than phylogenetic relationships. Our results are consistent with recent phylogeographic studies of sub‐Saharan African vertebrates, indicating that widespread and often morphologically uniform species comprise several paraphyletic lineages, often with one or more of the lineages being closely related to phenotypically distinct forms inhabiting a different, yet geographically close, biome.
Human Interleukin-32γ Plays a Protective Role in an Experimental Model of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mice
Authors: Gomes Rodrigo Saar , Silva Muriel Vilela Teodoro , dos Santos Jéssica Cristina , van Linge Christine , Reis Juliana Machado , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Pinto Sebastião Alves , Dorta Miriam Leandro , Bai Xiyuan , Chan Edward D. , Dinarello Charles A. , Oliveira Milton Adriano Pelli , Joosten Leo A. B. , Ribeiro-Dias Fátima 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic parasitic disease caused byLeishmania infantumin the Americas. During VL, several proinflammatory cytokines are produced in spleen, liver, and bone marrow. However, the role of interleukin-32 (IL-32) has not been explored in this disease. IL-32 can induce production of proinflammatory cytokines in innate immune cells and polarize the adaptive immune response. Herein, we discovered thatL. infantumantigens induced expression of mRNA mainly for the IL-32γ isoform but also induced low levels of the IL-32β transcript in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, infection of human IL-32γ transgenic mice (IL-32γTg mice) withL. infantumpromastigote forms increased IL-32γ expression in the spleen and liver. Interestingly, IL-32γTg mice harbored less parasitism in the spleen and liver than wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, IL-32γTg mice showed increased granuloma formation in the liver compared to WT mice. The protection against VL was associated with increased production of nitric oxide (NO), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor alpha by splenic cells restimulatedex vivowithL. infantumantigens. In parallel, there was an increase in the number of Th1 and Th17 T cells in the spleens of IL-32γTg mice infected withL. infantum. IL-32γ induction of IFN-γ and IL-17A expression was found to be essential for NO production by splenic cells of infected animals. These data indicate that IL-32γ potentiates the Th1/Th17 immune response during experimental VL, thus contributing to the control ofL. infantuminfection.
Development and validation of the Swedish national stroke register Riksstroke’s questionnaires in patients at 3 and 12 months after stroke: a qualitative study
Authors: Palmcrantz Susanne , Sommerfeld Disa K 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesBecause healthcare and community organisations and treatment methods are always changing, continuous changes might also be needed in questionnaires that register patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and patient-reported experiences (PRE) of healthcare interventions and community support. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the content and face validity, including the readability, of two questionnaires used by the Swedish national stroke register Riksstroke to register PRO and PRE at 3 and 12 months poststroke.DesignClinicians’ and patients’ knowledge and experiences of current care, rehabilitation, community support and functioning after stroke as well as comments noted regarding the content and layout of the questionnaires were retrieved in focus-groups with expert clinicians and in patient interviews analysed with content analysis. A workgroup of experts with experience in stroke care, rehabilitation and research repeatedly revised the questionnaires regarding content, layout and consistency throughout the validation process.ParticipantsThe participants included allied healthcare professionals, nurses and physicians with extensive experience of working with stroke care and rehabilitation (expert clinicians) as well as patients who had suffered a stroke 3 or 12 months earlier and who were purposefully selected among those who had completed and returned the 3-month questionnaire.SettingExpert clinicians met at their work place in focus-groups. Patients were interviewed where they resided, that is, in their home or nursing home, including rural, town and city areas in Sweden.ResultsBased on clinical expertise and comments from the patients (n=47), the questionnaires were revised and then found to be valid in terms of content validity and face validity, including readability.ConclusionsThe present evaluation emphasises the need for testing aspects of validity, including readability, of questionnaires addressing PRO and PRE and for the recurrent revision of such questionnaires in order to maintain their validity in a society undergoing constant change.
Pathways: patient-centred decision counselling for women at risk of cancer-related infertility: a protocol for a comparative effectiveness cluster randomised trial
Authors: Woodard Terri Lynn , Hoffman Aubri S , Crocker Laura C , Holman Deborah A , Hoffman Derek B , Ma Jusheng , Bassett Roland L , Leal Viola B , Volk Robert J 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionNational guidelines recommend that all reproductive-age women with cancer be informed of their fertility risks and offered referral to fertility specialists to discuss fertility preservation options. However, reports indicate that only 5% of patients have consultations, and rates of long-term infertility-related distress remain high. Previous studies report several barriers to fertility preservation; however, initial success has been reported using provider education, patient decision aids and navigation support. This protocol will test effects of a multicomponent intervention compared with usual care on women’s fertility preservation knowledge and decision-making outcomes.Methods and analysisThis cluster-randomised trial will compare the multicomponent intervention (provider education, patient decision aid and navigation support) with usual care (consultation and referral, if requested). One hundred newly diagnosed English-speaking women of reproductive age who are at risk of cancer-related infertility will be recruited from four regional oncology clinics.ThePathwayspatient decision aid website provides (1) up-to-date evidence and descriptions of fertility preservation and other family-building options, tailored to cancer type; (2) structured guidance to support personalising the information and informed decision-making; and (3) a printable summary to help women prepare for discussions with their oncologist and/or fertility specialist. Four sites will be randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. Participants will be recruited after their oncology consultation and asked to complete online questionnaires at baseline, 1 week and 2 months to assess their demographics, fertility preservation knowledge, and decision-making process and quality. The primary outcome (decisional conflict) will be tested using Fisher’s exact test. Secondary outcomes will be assessed using generalised linear mixed models, and sensitivity analyses will be conducted, as appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center provided approval and ongoing review of this protocol. Results will be presented at relevant scientific meetings and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03141437; Pre-results.
Commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)‐2 modified live virus vaccine against heterologous single and dual Korean PRRSV‐1 and PRRSV‐2 challenge
Authors: Jeong Jiwoon , Kim Seeun , Park Changhoon , Park Kee Hwan , Kang Ikjae , Park Su‐Jin , Chae Chanhee 
Published: February 2018

This study evaluated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)‐2 modified live virus (MLV) vaccine against heterologous single and dual challenge of Korean PRRSV‐1 and PRRSV‐2. Pigs were administered PRRSV‐2 MLV vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age and inoculated intranasally with both genotypes at 56 days of age. Vaccination of pigs with PRRSV‐2 MLV vaccine resulted in reduction of viral loads of both PRRSV‐1 and PRRSV‐2 after heterologous single and dual challenge with PRRSV‐1 and PRRSV‐2. In addition, pigs vaccinated with PRRSV‐2 MLV vaccine exhibited higher frequencies of PRRSV‐1 and PRRSV‐2 specific interferon‐γ secreting cells (IFN‐γ‐SC) and showed a significant reduction in lung lesions and PRRSV nucleic acid within the lung lesions after single and dual challenge compared with unvaccinated challenged pigs. Taken together these results demonstrated that vaccination of pigs with PRRSV‐2 is efficacious in protecting growing pigs from respiratory disease against heterologous single and dual PRRSV‐1 and PRRSV‐2 challenge.