bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Digitisation of Natural History Specimens
Authors: Allan Elizabeth Louise , Dupont Steen , Hardy Helen , Livermore Laurence , Price Benjamin , Smith Vincent 
Published: June 2019

The Natural History Museum, London (NHM) has embarked on an ambitious Digital Collections Programme to digitise its collections. One aim of the programme has been to improve the workflows and infrastructure needed to support high-throughput digitisation and create comprehensive digital inventories of large scientific collections.
Pilot projects have been carried out for a variety of collection types, from which high-throughput imaging workflows have been developed and refined. These workflows have focused on pinned insect specimens (Blagoderov et al. 2012, Paterson et al. 2016, Blagoderov et al. 2017, Price et al. 2018), microscope slides (whole slide and specimen imaging; Allan et al. 2018, Allan et al. 2019) and herbarium sheets.
The rate and time taken to digitise specimens is influenced by a number of factors that include, among others, the level of preparation and post-processing required, imaging approach, the type of specimens as well as the complexity and condition of the collection. As part of this presentation we will include information on the rate, cost and time to digitise various NHM collections, illustrating how our processes have improved digitisation efficiency and allowed us to maintain quality.
The programme has run a variety of digitisation projects, gathering data about rates of digitisation (preparation, imaging, transcription etc.) and developing improvements. Collection types such as microscope slides and herbarium sheets lend themselves to higher imaging rates, while other collections such as pinned insects, which require greater amounts of specimen handling to remove labels, tend to have lower imaging rates (Fig. 1). In order to increase efficiency, we have developed approaches that minimise specimen handling. For example, workflows for pinned insects such as the Angled Label Image Capture and Extraction (ALICE) do not require the removal of specimen labels from the pin as the system can capture angled images of the labels, thus increasing the imaging rate three-fold (Fig. 1).
Another approach taken is to semi-automate mass digitisation using a combination of temporary and permanent Data Matrix barcode labels (Allan et al. 2019). By using multiple barcodes at the imaging stage to encode information associated with each specimen (i.e. unique identifier, location in the collection, taxonomic name, type status etc.; Fig. 2), we can run a series of automated processes, including file renaming, image processing and bulk import into the Museum’s collection management system. Through adaptation of our workflows with this new approach we have increased the efficiency of digitisation processes, illustrating how simple activities, like automated file renaming, reduces image post-processing time, minimises human error and can be applied across multiple collection types.
Le lexème humour en français et humor en danois : culture, cognition et typologie lexicale
Authors: Lundquist Lita 
Published: June 2019

Partant d’une différence culturelle marquée dans l’utilisation du lexème humour en français et humor en danois, l’article présente les résultats d’une étude comparative plus poussée de ce lexème. Sur la base de deux corpus, se composant d’interviews avec des Français et des Danois, députés au Parlement Européen, l’étude fait ressortir des différences sémantiques et syntaxiques inhérentes à l’emploi de ce mot dans les deux langues ; différences récapitulées en des représentations mentales divergentes pour les deux cultures. Ces résultats s’expliquent dans le cadre de la typologie lexicale, qui a montré des différences systématiques entre langues romanes et langues germaniques quant au niveau d’abstraction encodé dans les noms.
Le ulcere flebostatiche recidive degli arti inferiori: analisi di un’esperienza/Recurrent venous leg ulcers: clinical analysis of an experience
Authors: Garavello Alberto , Lo Ponte Margherita , Gilardi Stefania , Fiamma Paola , Tozzi Massimo 
Published: June 2019

Nonostante i recenti progressi in tema di wound care, le ulcere varicose degli arti inferiori restano un problema frequente, con un alto tasso di recidiva. In questo lavoro abbiamo esaminato la storia clinica, la storia chirurgica e le patologie associate di 133 pazienti affetti da ulcera varicosa degli arti inferiori, di cui 56 da ulcera recidiva o plurirecidiva. L’analisi dei fattori di rischio potenziale per recidiva ha evidenziato come la presenza di varici recidive, una pregressa trombosi venosa profonda, problemi ortopedici, interventi ortopedici, l’obesità e un’età inferiore a 60 anni siano fattori di rischio potenziale per una recidiva dell’ulcera. La combinazione di uno più fattori di rischio assume significatività per la possibilità di una recidiva; si passa dal 22,7% in assenza di fattori di rischio al 33% per i pazienti che ne presentano due, fino al 57,5% in presenza di tre fattori di rischio e all’81,3% per quattro o più. L’ulcera varicosa richiede un follow-up stretto del paziente e una terapia elastocompressiva continua, che deve vedere una stretta collaborazione del paziente e un’attenzione specifica ai fattori di rischio.
Despite recent advances in wound care, varicose ulcers of lower limbs remain frequent and display a high rate of recurrence. In this paper, we examined the clinical, surgical histories and associated diseases of 133 patients with venous ulcers of the lower limbs, which were recurrent in 56 cases. The analysis of potential risk factors for recurrence showed that the presence of recurrent varicose veins, a previous deep venous thrombosis, orthopedic problems, previous orthopedic procedures, obesity and age lower than 60 are potential risk factors for ulcer recurrence. Furthermore, the association of one or more risk factors increased the likelihood of relapse, from 22.7% with no risk factors to 33% with 2 risk factors, up to 57.5% with 3 risk factors, and up to 81.3% with 4 risk factors or more. Venous ulcers require close follow-up and continuous elastic compression, close collaboration by the patient and specific focus on risk factors.
Towards national health insurance: Alignment of strategic human resources in South Africa
Authors: Mofolo Nathaniel , Heunis Christo , Kigozi Gladys N. 
Published: June 2019

Background: South Africa is implementing national health insurance (NHI) and primary health care (PHC) re-engineering, and has concomitantly introduced the Human Resources for Health (HRH) Strategy. These policies are underpinned by the National Development Plan (NDP), which aims to address widespread inequality and inequity.Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the alignment of national HRH-related policies to implement NHI and PHC re-engineering and determine knowledge gaps and research needs.Method: A narrative review of the NDP, PHC re-engineering, HRH and NHI strategies was carried out, supplemented by key HRH reports, data and articles.Results: Current policies stress NHI and PHC re-engineering without effectively addressing shortages and maldistribution of HRH across the provincial and public–private divides. In line with PHC re-engineering, the HRH Strategy emphasised strengthening of community health workers (CHWs), professional nurses (PNs), mid-level workers (MLWs), medical practitioners (MPs) and clinical specialists (CSs). Four of these, CHWs, MLWs, MPs and CSs, are varyingly still in absolute shortfall, as well as being inequitably distributed across the provincial and public–private divides. The seeming adequacy in the absolute number of PNs may disguise provincial and public–private sector disparities. Although expedited HRH development and equitable deployment are crucial, it is also vital to resolve extant education and accreditation challenges delaying HRH policy implementation.Conclusion: The current lack of alignment of HRH policies does not portend well for the successful implementation of NHI and PHC re-engineering. Knowledge gaps include the need for further clarification of ideal multi-disciplinary team compositions and responsibilities.
Fatores macroeconômicos, indicadores industriais e o spread bancário no Brasil
Authors: Durigan Junior Carlos Alberto , Taue Saito André , Reed Bergmann Daniel , Martins Dias Fouto Nuno Manoel 
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é Identificar os fatores macroeconômicos e os indicadores industriais que influenciaram o spread bancário brasileiro no período de Março de 2011 a Março de 2015. É considerada a subclassificação de alguns segmentos de atividade industrial. Foram utilizados dados mensais de séries temporais em modelos de regressão linear multivariada com uso do Eviews (7.0), dezoito variáveis foram consideradas como possíveis determinantes.. Influenciam positivamente; a inadimplência, os IPIs (Índices de Produção Industrial) de bens de capital, bens intermediários, bens de consumo duráveis, bens semiduráveis e não duráveis, a Selic, o PIB, a taxa de desemprego e o EMBI+. Determinam negativamente; os IPIs bens de consumo e geral, IPCA, o saldo da carteira de crédito e o índice de vendas no varejo. Foi considerado p-valor de 05%.. A conclusão principal é que o progresso da indústria, da geração de empregos e do consumo podem reduzir o spread.
The Best Course of Action
Authors: D'Elia Louis Peter , Gunter Richard , Wiseman Timothy R. 
Published: June 2019

This case describes the ethical and legal challenges facing Dr. Caroline Webster, Director of Graduate Business Programs at MNU. She was facing one of the more unpleasant tasks of her job in determining how to proceed with a complaint by one of the university’s master’s students by the name of Bob Golden. Although a solid and intelligent student in his own right, Bob continuously challenged his grades, causing some faculty and administration to grow weary of his seemingly constant complaints. Dr. Webster wistfully recalled no less than a dozen unrelated prior instances. However, this current complaint was beyond Bob’s normal grievance. During a conversation with Dr. Webster, Bob claimed that the instructor for his current course, Adjunct Professor Joe Thomas, had a criminal past. After a quick and rather basic search, it turned out that Professor Thomas had indeed been convicted of a felony approximately a decade and a half earlier. Naturally, Dr. Webster took the matter up to Dr. Donald Hess, Dean of the MNU Business School, who was now faced with the decision of whether or not he needed to terminate the employment of Adjunct Professor Joseph Thomas. Collectively and apart from the grading complaint, they also had to decide on the proper course of action as a follow-up to Bob Golden’s allegation. The class which Adjunct Professor Thomas taught was the final and capstone class of the MBA program at MNU. Ironically, the class was one with a considerable focus on ethics and morals in business.
An Investigation of the Mission Motif in the Letters to Timothy and Titus with Implications for the Pauline Authorship of the Pastoral Epistles
Authors: Köstenberger Andreas J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This exploration of the mission motif in the Pastoral Epistles (here called “Letters to Timothy and Titus” [LTT]) fills an often-neglected gap in scholarship on these letters. In addition, the investigation of the mission motif in the LTT serves as a case study in reexamining the plausibility of Pauline authorship. While conventional avenues of investigation—such as vocabulary and stylistic elements, theological and ecclesiological comparisons, and so on—have largely proved inconclusive, a study of the mission motif provides a fresh way of approaching the issue. Not only are these writings grounded in the Pauline mission but the strategy and missionary ethos reflected in these letters is congruent with the mission strategy in Paul’s undisputed letters (which, for purposes of this article, are identified as the other 10 Pauline letters in the NT canon) and the book of Acts, which heightens the plausibility that Paul wrote the LTT, whether personally or with the help of an amanuensis.
Effect of the Organic and NPK Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) in the Centre of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Sidiky Bakayoko , Zoumana Konate , Brice Dibi Konan Evrard , Martial Kouassi Jean Hugues 
Published: June 2019

In Côte d’Ivoire, the sweet potato is little cultivated but stays however a culture of pension and a food mattering in certain regions. This study was conducted to assess the effect of the application of mineral (NPK 15-15-15, NPK 12-22-22) and organic (poultry manure) fertilizers on yield components of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam). The experiment was conducted over two years (2016 to 2017) in experimental station of National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA) of Bouaké in the centre of Côte d'Ivoire. The experiment was conducted following a split plot with 2 factors (variety and fertilizers) and 3 replicates. The main factor was variety with 2 levels (variety Irene and variety TIB-440060) and the subplot was fertilizers application consisted 13 levels (200, 300, 400, 500 kg ha-1 of NPK fertilizers combined 5, 10, 15 t ha-1 of organic fertilizer). Thirteen treatments based on poultry manure (T6, T7), chemical fertilizer NPK 15 15 15 (T1, T3, T4, T5) and NPK 12 22 22 (T8, T10, T11, T12) and their combination (T2 and T9) were tested. The experimental results revealed that that the effects of chemical fertilizer treatments, manure and their combination with mineral fertilizers did not influence the measured parameters. The results also showed that fertilizers improved all the agronomic parameters of sweet potato compared to the control treatment during two years of experiment. However, the Irene variety with a mean weight of 180 g tuberous roots was significantly different from the TIB variety with a mean weight of 138.73 g.
In the conditions of our study and over the two-year period, producers of sweet potatoes would benefit from using organic fertilizers with the Irene variety.
Intermolecular Multiple Dehydrogenative Cross‐Couplings of Ketones with Boronic Acids and Amines via Copper Catalysis
Authors: Wang Tianzhang , Chen Guowei , Lu Yu‐Jing , Chen Qian , Huo Yanping , Li Xianwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn efficient and versatile oxidative coupling reaction was developed for the synthesis of valuable β‐functionalized unsaturated ketones and meta‐substituted phenols. In the case of intramolecular reactions, achieving rapid molecular complexity through multiple dehydrogenative couplings is already a well‐established strategy. Herein, we report an intermolecular multiple dehydrogenative coupling between ketones and nucleophilic amines or boronic acids using inexpensive copper(I) oxide as a catalyst. This method provides a facile access to highly desirable chemical products such as α,β‐unsaturated ketones, enaminones, and synthetically relevant meta‐substituted phenols.magnified image
SHOX far‐downstream copy‐number variations involving cis‐regulatory nucleotide variants in two sisters with Leri‐Weill dyschondrosteosis
Authors: Ogushi Kenichiro , Muroya Koji , Shima Hirohito , Jinno Tomoko , Miyado Mami , Fukami Maki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
SHOX haploinsufficiency leading to Leri‐Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) and idiopathic short stature typically results from intragenic mutations or copy‐number variations (CNVs) involving SHOX and/or its putative enhancer regions that are distributed in the genomic interval between 400 kb and 840 kb from Xpter/Ypter. Here, we report two sisters with LWD, who carried a deletion in the far‐downstream region of SHOX. The 0.62 Mb deletion contained 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short insertions and deletions (indels), whose genotypes were linked to SHOX expression levels in the Genotype‐Tissue Expression portal. Notably, most of these SNPs/indels accumulated within a ~20 kb interval that was positioned ~900 kb away from Xpter/Ypter. These SNPs/indels showed similar minor allele frequencies, indicating that they reside within a haplotype block. The ~20 kb interval was not evolutionarily conserved; however, it was associated with the previously determined peak of chromosome conformation capture profiling (4C)‐seq. Importantly, the deletion in the present cases partially overlapped with CNVs of three previous cases with skeletal deformity and/or short stature. The results indicate that far‐downstream CNVs constitute rare genetic causes of SHOX haploinsufficiency. These CNVs possibly impair SHOX expression through copy‐number changes of a human‐specific cis‐regulatory haplotype block. This notion awaits further validation.
UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate resin containing multiple active terminal groups for enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Duan Huajun , Dong Wenjing , Wang Xin , Tao Xiaoxiao , Ma Huiru 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, aiming to develop the high performance ultraviolet (UV)‐curable resin used in the polymer matrix composite, a series of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) resins with the different numbers of allyl terminal groups were elaborately designed and synthesized, in which the contents of hard segments and soft segments were also adjusted simultaneously. The effects of allyl number on properties of PUA were systemically investigated. It was found that allyl number had the negligible effect on the processability as well as positive effect on thermal performances, and all PUA resins exhibited the low viscosity and rapid UV polymerization. Besides, with the change of allyl number in the range of 2–4, PUA resin casting with three allyls possessed the preferable mechanical properties such as 85.1 MPa tensile strength, 3.94 GPa tensile modulus, and 20.7 kJ m−2impact strength. More importantly, the high strength and high modulus of the composite further demonstrated the wide potentials of the as‐prepared PUA resin as the ideal resin matrix candidate for the fiber reinforced polymer composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48147.
Factors influencing thermal, mechanical, optical, and adhesive properties of segmented poly(imide siloxane) copolymers films
Authors: Zhao Daoxiang , Chen Weijun , Qu Chunyan , Liu Changwei , Cui Baojun , Li Gang , Song Junjun , Li Liaoliao , Zheng Shuai , Chang Jiaying , Tang Yao , Shang Liming , Zhang Haitao 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPoly(imide siloxane), block and blend copolymer, were synthesized using different methods to explore the influence of siloxane chains. The flexible siloxane chains enrichment on surface of copolymer, enhance hydrophobic and adhesive with copper foil. It also improves light transmittance of polyimide film in the visible light region. The effect of different preparation methods on the aggregation in polymers and on polymer properties, especially adhesion and water absorptivity, are also discussed. The imidization temperature and synthesis method (blend and block) during the reaction has a significant effect on the properties of the product, especially thermal properties (T
g values are 207 °C for block and 180 °C for blend) and mechanical properties (elongation of 130% for block and 50% for blend). The bonding strength of polymer films used as hot melt adhesive was also tested. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48148.
Bio‐based β‐myrcene‐modified solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber for improving carbon black dispersion and wet skid resistance
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Lu Jianmin , Su Ke , Wang Dongfang , Han Bingyong 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTβ‐Myrcene, a bio‐based monoterpene derived from plants, was introduced to replace butadiene in the solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber by using the conventional anionic copolymerization technique. The anionic copolymerization of β‐myrcene was found to be stoichiometric and controllable. A series of solution‐polymerized styrene–myrcene–butadiene rubber (S‐SMBR) with 100% conversion, high‐molecular weight (150 000–200 000 Da), low polydispersity, and uniform compositions was obtained. The glass transition temperature of S‐SMBR exhibited imperceptible variation with different myrcene/butadiene ratios. Interestingly, the introduction of such a long nonpolar pendant group containing isopropylidene could greatly improve carbon black dispersibility in the rubber. Furthermore, the wet skid resistance of the rubber could be improved without impairing its low rolling resistance. The tensile strength of S‐SMBR was found to be higher than that prepared by radical emulsion copolymerization. The S‐SMBR prepared by anionic solution copolymerization is thus a promising material for tires to attain sustainable development. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48159.HIGHLIGHTS

A bio‐based monomer was successfully introduced to replace diene part in SBR through anionic polymerization.
Carbon black dispersibility in the rubber was greatly improved.
The wet skid resistance of the rubber could be improved without impairing its low rolling resistance.
Robust tensile behaviors were obtained compared with the rubber prepared by radical emulsion polymerization.
Microscopic visualization of virus removal by dedicated filters used in biopharmaceutical processing: Impact of membrane structure and localization of captured virus particles
Authors: Adan‐Kubo Jun , Tsujikawa Muneo , Takahashi Kadue , Hongo‐Hirasaki Tomoko , Sakai Kaoru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVirus filtration with nanometer size exclusion membranes (“nanofiltration”) is effective for removing infectious agents from biopharmaceuticals. While the virus removal capability of virus removal filters is typically evaluated based on calculation of logarithmic reduction value (LRV) of virus infectivity, knowledge of the exact mechanism(s) of virus retention remains limited. Here, human parvovirus B19 (B19V), a small virus (18–26 nm), was spiked into therapeutic plasma protein solutions and filtered through Planova™ 15N and 20N filters in scaled‐down manufacturing processes. Observation of the gross structure of the Planova hollow fiber membranes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed Planova filter microporous membranes to have a rough inner, a dense middle and a rough outer layer. Of these three layers, the dense middle layer was clearly identified as the most functionally critical for effective capture of B19V. Planova filtration of protein solution containing B19V resulted in a distribution peak in the dense middle layer with an LRV >4, demonstrating effectiveness of the filtration step. This is the first report to simultaneously analyze the gross structure of a virus removal filter and visualize virus entrapment during a filtration process conducted under actual manufacturing conditions. The methodologies developed in this study demonstrate that the virus removal capability of the filtration process can be linked to the gross physical filter structure, contributing to better understanding of virus trapping mechanisms and helping the development of more reliable and robust virus filtration processes in the manufacture of biologicals.