bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of six herbal bioactive compositions employing LAPV and PLS‐DA
Authors: Górski Łukasz , Kowalcze Mateusz , Jakubowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNumerous medical herbal products available on the market require development of fast and cheap strategies of authenticity control. Such method may be large amplitude pulse voltammetry (LAPV) with boron‐doped diamond electrode (BDDE), combined with chemometric supervised method—partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). The voltammetric method was used to gather the chemical profiles, required to prepare PLS‐DA multivariate classification model. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to classify six ethanol herbal compositions (with content analogous to the commercial products) and provided reliable classification model (without misclassifications).
Pattern of nitrergic cells and fibers organization in the central nervous system of the Australian lungfish,Neoceratodus forsteri(Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Authors: López Jesús M. , Morona Ruth , González Agustín 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Australian lungfishNeoceratodus forsteriis the only extant species of the order Ceratodontiformes, which retained most of the primitive features of ancient lobe finned‐fishes. Lungfishes are the closest living relatives of land vertebrates and their study is important for deducing the neural traits that were conserved, modified, or lost with the transition from fishes to land vertebrates. We have investigated the nitrergic system with neural nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry and NADPH‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d) histochemistry, which yielded almost identical results except for the primary olfactory projections and the terminal and preoptic nerve fibers labeled only for NADPH‐d. Combined immunohistochemistry was used for simultaneous detection of NOS with catecholaminergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic structures, aiming to establish accurately the localization of the nitrergic elements and to assess possible interactions between these neurotransmitter systems. The results demonstrated abundant nitrergic cells in the basal ganglia, amygdaloid complex, preoptic area, basal hypothalamus, mesencephalic tectum and tegmentum, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, reticular formation, spinal cord, and retina. In addition, low numbers of nitrergic cells were observed in the olfactory bulb, all pallial divisions, lateral septum, suprachiasmatic nucleus, prethalamic and thalamic areas, posterior tubercle, pretectum, torus semicircularis, cerebellar nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, the medial octavolateral nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, and the dorsal column nucleus. Colocalization of NOS and tyrosine hydroxylase was observed in numerous cells of the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra complex. Comparison with other vertebrates, using a neuromeric analysis, reveals that the nitrergic system ofNeoceratodusshares many neuroanatomical features with tetrapods and particularly with amphibians.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Backbone‐Modified Oligonucleotides Using T4 DNA Ligase
Authors: Kestemont Donaat , Herdewijn Piet , Renders Marleen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractT4 DNA ligase in high concentrations of certain crowding agents and cosolutes catalyzes the synthesis of a series of backbone‐modified oligonucleotides that are difficult to obtain chemically. Backbone‐modified nucleic acids are often enzymatically and chemically more stable, making them interesting as potential diagnostic or therapeutic agents, as a biosafety tool, or in nanotechnology. In this article, we describe a small‐scale experiment to probe the efficiency of the ligation reaction of modified oligonucleotides in the presence of 3 M betaine and 10% PEG 8000, followed by large‐scale ligation with subsequent isolation of the ligated oligonucleotide. The correct product formation can be verified using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Aqueous Synthesis of 14‐15‐Membered Crown Ethers with Mixed O, N and S Heteroatoms: Experimental and Theoretical Binding Studies with Platinum‐Group Metals
Authors: Torrejos Rey Eliseo C. , Nisola Grace M. , Min Sang Hoon , Han Jeong Woo , Koo Sangho , Parohinog Khino J. , Lee Seongpoong , Kim Hern , Chung Wook‐Jin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of 14‐15‐membered O, N, and S‐containing crown ethers (CEs) was synthesized by cyclization of bis‐epoxides with aryl‐N or S dinucleophiles using triethylamine as a catalyst and LiCl as a metal template in water. The catalyst dosage, and metal template type and dosage were critical in achieving yields of 56–93 %. Liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) was performed to evaluate the CE complexation with Pd2+ and Pt2+. Among the CEs, a dioxa‐dithia dibenzo CE exhibited the highest Pd2+ selectivity even in the presence of other platinum‐group metals (PGMs). Complementary DFT studies reveal that this CE has the most compatible cavity dimension (ØCE=1.58 Å) with Pd2+ (ØPd2+=1.56 Å) forming a square‐planar S4 geometry. Binding‐energy calculations showed the Pd2+ complex has the least energy requirement for structural reorientation during complexation. Overall results highlight the importance of CE cavity dimension and presence of S heteroatoms for the structural design of CEs selective towards PGMs such as Pd2+.
Crosswise Phthalocyanines with Collinear Functionalization: New Paradigmatic Derivatives for Efficient Singlet Oxygen Photosensitization
Authors: Revuelta‐Maza Miguel A. , Hally Cormac , Nonell Santi , de la Torre Gema , Torres Tomás 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe describe here the preparation of a series of trans‐ABAB Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs, which combine several interesting features. First, these compounds present high solubility and hindered aggregation, due to the functionalization of two facing isoindole constituents (B) of the ZnPc with bis(trifluoromethylphenyl) units. Second, the other two isoindoles (A) bear extra‐annulated phthalimide units containing different substituents in the nitrogen positions, this feature results in a collinear arrangement of a variety of functional groups. Some of these collinearly functionalized ZnPcs are interesting building blocks for constructing either homo‐ or heteroarrays containing ZnPc units. Furthermore, the amphiphilic nature of some members of the series renders them interesting candidates for photosensitization of singlet oxygen. Photophysical studies on a model compound of the series have shown that these molecules are efficient singlet oxygen photosensitizers in both polar and apolar media, with 1O2 quantum yields (φΔ) as high as 0.74.
High‐Resolution Chromatin Profiling Using CUT&RUN
Authors: Hainer Sarah J. , Fazzio Thomas G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDetermining the genomic location of DNA‐binding proteins is essential to understanding their function. Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) is a powerful method for mapping protein‐DNA interactions at high resolution. In CUT&RUN, a recombinant protein A–microccocal nuclease (pA‐MN) fusion is recruited by an antibody targeting the chromatin protein of interest; this can be done with either uncrosslinked or formaldehyde‐crosslinked cells. DNA fragments near sites of antibody binding are released from the insoluble bulk chromatin through endonucleolytic cleavage and used to build barcoded DNA‐sequencing libraries that can be sequenced in pools of at least 30. Therefore, CUT&RUN provides an alternative to ChIP‐seq approaches for mapping chromatin proteins, which typically have relatively high signal‐to‐noise ratios, while using fewer cells and at a lower cost. Here, we describe the methods for performing CUT&RUN, generating DNA‐sequencing libraries, and analyzing the resulting datasets. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient Generation of Trunk Neural Crest and Sympathetic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Via a Neuromesodermal Axial Progenitor Intermediate
Authors: Frith Thomas J. R. , Tsakiridis Anestis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe neural crest (NC) is a multipotent embryonic cell population that generates various cell types in an axial position‐dependent manner. Cranial NC cells give rise to mesoectodermal derivatives, melanocytes, neurons, and glia whereas the vagal NC generates the enteric nervous system and trunk NC cells produce sympathetic neurons and neuroendocrine cells. An attractive approach for studying human NC biology and modeling NC‐associated developmental disorders (neurocristopathies) involves the in vitro production of NC cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, most conventional differentiation protocols generate predominantly cranial NC cells but fail to induce trunk NC cells. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the efficient in vitro generation of trunk NC cells and their derivatives from hPSCs. This relies on the induction of an intermediate cell population that exhibits neural and mesodermal potential, resembling the embryonic neuromesodermal progenitors, which generate the postcranial body axis in vivo. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hypersensitivity and Cardiovascular Risks Related to Allopurinol and Febuxostat Therapy in Asians: A Population‐Based Cohort Study and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chen Chi‐Hua , Chen Chun‐Bing , Chang Chee Jen , Lin Yu Jr , Wang Chuang‐Wei , Chi Ching‐Chi , Lu Chun‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Ti , Pan Ren‐You , Su Shih‐Chi , Hsu Lung‐An , Chang Ya‐Ching , Yu Kuang‐Hui , Wu Yeong‐Jian Jan , Lin Ko‐Ming , Hung Shuen‐Iu , Chen Shih‐Ming , Chung Wen‐Hung 
Published: January 2019

The safety of newer xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat compared to allopurinol remains unclear. To compare the risks of allopurinol hypersensitivity and febuxostat hypersensitivity and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Asians, we conducted a population‐based cohort study enrolling patients receiving allopurinol or febuxostat from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Health System across Taiwan during 2012–2016 and further performed a meta‐analysis incorporating two recent studies. Among the 61,539 users, a corresponding 12,007 and 5,680 patients were identified as new users. The overall incidence of febuxostat hypersensitivity was significantly lower than allopurinol hypersensitivity (0.2 vs. 2.7 per 1,000 new users; P < 0.001). There were 33 allopurinol‐hypersensitivity reactions (including 18 severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions), and only one patient developed febuxostat‐maculopapular exanthema. Moreover, febuxostat did not statistically increase the risk of CVD (hazard ratio (HR), 1.16; P = 0.152) and related death (HR, 1.49; P = 0.496) compared to allopurinol. The result of the meta‐analysis also showed a consistent result. In conclusion, the incidence and severity of febuxostat‐hypersensitivity are lower than with allopurinol. Febuxostat did not show an increased risk of CVD and related death.
High‐gain, high‐CMRR class AB operational transconductance amplifier based on the flipped voltage follower
Authors: Centurelli Francesco , Monsurrò Pietro , Trifiletti Alessandro 
Published: January 2019

SummaryA novel class AB operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) topology is proposed, based on a class AB flipped voltage follower. The OTA has class AB behavior, with current boosting both for the load and the compensation capacitors. It has a high gain of (gmr0)4, obtained using a two‐stage structure with cascoded stages, and is a two‐stage Miller‐compensated amplifier employing multipath to remove the positive zero. It has close to rail‐to‐rail output swing (limited by cascoding) and very low common‐mode gain thanks to a replica technique (allowing the use of low‐power common‐mode feedback [CMFB] loops). Ninety‐two decibels of gain and 176 dB of common‐mode rejection ratio (CMRR) without CMFB are achieved using a 40‐nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The OTA is used to design a low‐power sample‐and‐hold amplifier (SHA) operating at 5 MSps, a typical application for CMOS OTAs, which has been chosen to verify the proposed circuit's performance and to show that the OTA is robust in Monte Carlo simulations under process variations and mismatches in an actual application.
Embryonic and postembryonic development of the ornamental twin‐tail goldfish
Authors: Li Ing‐Jia , Lee Shu‐Hua , Abe Gembu , Ota Kinya G. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundTwin‐tail ornamental goldfish have “bifurcated median fins,” a peculiar morphology known to be caused by a mutation in the chdA gene. However, several ambiguities regarding the development of the phenotype remain due to a paucity of detailed observations covering the entire developmental timeframe.ResultsHere, we report a detailed comparative description of embryonic and postembryonic development for two representative twin‐tail ornamental goldfish strains and single‐tail common goldfish. Our observations reveal a polymorphic developmental process for bifurcated median fins; disrupted axial skeletal development at early larval stages; and modified bilateral location of the pelvic fin.ConclusionsVariations in development of bifurcated median fins and disrupted axial skeletal patterns reflect how artificial selection for adult morphological features influenced molecular developmental mechanisms during the domestication of twin‐tail ornamental goldfish. The polymorphic appearance of bifurcated median fins also implies that, unlike previously proposed hypotheses, the development of these structures is controlled by molecular mechanisms independent of those acting on the pelvic fin. Our present findings will facilitate further study of how modifications of preexisting developmental systems may contribute to novel morphological features. Developmental Dynamics 248:251–283, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Trait–performance relationships of grassland plant species differ between common garden and field conditions
Authors: Breitschwerdt Eva , Jandt Ute , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe way functional traits affect growth of plant species may be highly context‐specific. We asked which combinations of trait values are advantageous under field conditions in managed grasslands as compared to conditions without competition and land‐use. In a two‐year field experiment, we recorded the performance of 93 species transplanted into German grassland communities differing in land‐use intensity and into a common garden, where species grew unaffected by land‐use under favorable conditions regarding soil, water, and space. The plants’ performance was characterized by two independent dimensions (relative growth rates (RGR) of height and leaf length vs. aboveground biomass and survival) that were differently related to the eight focal key traits in our study (leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA), height, leaf anatomy, leaf persistence, leaf distribution, vegetative reproduction, and physical defense). We applied multivariate procrustes analyses to test for the correspondence of the optimal trait–performance relationships between field and common garden conditions. RGRs were species‐specific and species ranks of RGRs in the field, and the common garden were significantly correlated. Different traits explained the performance in the field and the common garden; for example, leaf anatomy traits explained species performance only in the field, whereas plant height was found to be only important in the common garden. The ability to reproduce vegetatively, having leaves that are summer‐persistent and with high leaf dry matter content (LDMC) were traits of major importance under both settings, albeit the magnitude of their influence differed slightly between the field and the common garden experiment. All optimal models included interactions between traits, pointing out the necessity to analyze traits in combination. The differences between field and common garden clearly demonstrate context dependency of trait‐based growth models, which results in limited transferability of favorable trait combinations between different environmental settings.
Age‐mediation of tree‐growth responses to experimental warming in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Du Jun , Li Kai , He Zhibin , Chen Longfei , Zhu Xi , Lin Pengfei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe trajectory of tree‐growth response to climate warming may be related to attributes like tree age. However, age‐mediation of temperature sensitivity of tree growth has received little attention. This study aimed to determine how age affects tree growth in a future warmer world. In a 2‐year ecosystem warming experiment in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau of China, we explored the response of Qinghai spruce saplings at two life stages to two warming levels. Our results indicated a significant interaction between warming and age for sapling growth of Qinghai spruce. In high‐level warming scenario, the experiment increased growing season air temperatures by approximately 1.0°C and annual growing degree‐days by 38%. In response, warmed saplings lengthened the growing season by 10 days on average and increased the final shoot length to a maximum of 104% compared to control groups. Comparison of age classes revealed that old saplings exhibited significantly higher temperature sensitivity than young saplings. This performance may be caused by the differences in adaptive strategy to the asymmetric warming occurring during the whole day. Increased daytime temperature was expected to significantly enhance leaf photosynthesis, whereas lack of obvious nighttime warming would effectively restrict autotrophic respiration, thus resulting in the higher growth rate of old saplings compared with young saplings. Moreover, lack of nighttime warming rendered young saplings to be still in high stresses of freezing injury at low temperatures. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the effects of further climate anomalies on tree species during their ontogenetic processes.
Exponential spatial correlation with large‐scale fading variations in massive MIMO channel estimation
Authors: Croisfelt Rodrigues Victor , Marinello José Carlos , Abrão Taufik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo provide the vast exploitation of the large number of antennas on massive multiple‐input–multiple‐output (M‐MIMO), it is crucial to know as accurately as possible the channel state information in the base station. This knowledge is canonically acquired through channel estimation procedures conducted after a pilot signaling phase, which adopts the widely accepted time‐division duplex scheme. However, the quality of channel estimation is very impacted either by pilot contamination or by spatial correlation of the channels. There are several models that strive to match the spatial correlation in M‐MIMO channels, the exponential correlation model being one of these. To observe how the channel estimation and pilot contamination are affected by this correlated fading model, this work proposes to investigate an M‐MIMO scenario applying the standard minimum mean square error channel estimation approach over uniform linear arrays and uniform planar arrays (ULAs and UPAs, respectively) of antennas. Moreover, the elements of the array are considered to contribute unequally on the communication, owing to large‐scale fading variations over the array. Thus, it was perceived that the spatially correlated channels generated by this combined model offer a reduction of pilot contamination, consequently the estimation quality is improved. The UPA acquired better results regarding pilot contamination since it has been demonstrated that this type of array generates stronger levels of spatial correlation than the ULA. In contrast to the favorable results in channel estimation, the channel hardening effect was impaired by the spatially correlated channels, where the UPA imposes the worst performance of this effect for the discussed model.
Production of blueberry wine and volatile characterization of young and bottle‐aging beverages
Authors: Mendes‐Ferreira Ana , Coelho Eduardo , Barbosa Catarina , Oliveira José M. , Mendes‐Faia Arlete 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was the production of blueberry wine and the characterization of the volatile compounds of fermented and aging in bottle products. Multivariate data analysis indicated similarity of volatile compounds released when fermentations were conducted at laboratory‐scale and midscale, with the exception of one replicate creating a distinctive group characterized by low concentrations of acetaldehyde, methanol, 1‐hexanol, and ethyl hexanoate, and the production of polyalcohols such as 2,3‐butanediols. This experiment was the only one where no adjustments of YAN were performed. Some of the major volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, and 2‐phenylethanol) were found above their perception thresholds. Esters and terpenic compounds were the groups of volatiles expressed the most in blueberry wines, followed by volatile fatty acids, alcohols, and norisoprenoids (3‐hydroxy‐7,8‐dihydro‐β‐ionone, 3‐oxo‐α‐ionol, and 3‐hydroxy‐7,8‐dihydro‐β‐ionol). The wines that experienced bottle‐aging are characterized by high concentrations of ethyl esters, diethyl succinate, ethyl lactate, and diethyl malonate. The results contribute for deeper knowledge of the technological procedure, analytical characteristics, and volatile compounds of blueberry wines, reinforcing the interest in this beverage and opening perspectives for further studies on the production of new blueberry‐based products with differential characteristics that value its nutraceutical and functional properties.
The comparison of krill oil extracted through ethanol–hexane method and subcritical method
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Shi Bowen , Xue Changhu , Jiang Xiaoming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a safe method EH (ethanol–hexane) to extract two kinds of krill oil (KO) simultaneously and analyze their composition. Meanwhile, subcritical butane and subcritical butane‐dimethyl ether extraction were used to extract KO for analysis comparison. Folch method was used to extract total lipids. When the volume ratio of ethanol to hexane is 4:6, the separation effect of ethanol layer and hexane layer is best. At this condition, the EH method yielded similar amount of lipids (up to 97. 72% of total lipids) with subcritical butane extraction method (97.60%). The recovery rate of ethanol and hexane was 83.6% and 86.86%, respectively. KO in hexane layer and extracted by the subcritical butane method are abundant in astaxanthin (910 and 940 mg/kg respectively), while KO in the ethanol layer had the highest phospholipid (PL) content (47.34%), n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content (45.51%), and the lowest fluorine content (11.17 μg/g), making it a potential candidate in the nutraceutical and antioxidant industry.