bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel test configuration design method for inverse identification of in‐plane moduli of a composite plate under the PFEUM framework
Authors: Siddiqui M. Z. , Khan S. Z. , Khan M. A. , Shahzad M. , Khan K. A. , Nisar S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe propose a novel sensitivity based approach that predicts and explains the accuracy of material parameter identification for a composite plate using the Projected Finite Element Update Method. A typical experiment using the Projected Finite Element Update Method technique involves a plate specimen held at 3 or 4 supports and bent under the application of a point load. Two‐Dimensional Digital Image Correlation is used to measure the pseudo displacements resulting from the projection of out‐of‐plane deflection of the plate onto the image plane. A cost function relating the projected numerical and experimental displacement fields is then minimised to obtain the material parameters. It is shown that the contribution of a specific material parameter in the observed displacement field influences the accuracy of its identification. The contributions from material parameters are first quantified in terms of sensitivity criterion that may be tailored by changing the elements of test configuration such as location of supports, the load application point, and the specimen geometry. Several test configurations are designed by maximising the sensitivities corresponding to individual material parameters. The relevance of proposed sensitivity criterion in these configurations is then validated through material identification in simulated experiments with added Gaussian noise. Finally, a thin CFRP plate is tested under these configurations to demonstrate the practical use of this approach. The proposed approach helps in robust estimation of the in‐plane elastic moduli from a bent composite plate with a simple Two‐Dimensional Digital Image Correlation setup without requiring measurement of the actual plate deflection or curvatures.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of tuberculosis in kidney transplant recipients: A multicentric case‐control study in a low‐endemic area
Authors: Gras Julien , De Castro Nathalie , Montlahuc Claire , Champion Laure , Scemla Anne , Matignon Marie , Lachâtre Marie , Raskine Laurent , Grall Nathalie , Peraldi Marie Noëlle , Molina Jean Michel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesTuberculosis (TB) is a rare but life‐threatening infection after solid organ transplant. The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical features, risk factors, and outcome of TB after kidney transplantation in a low‐prevalence area.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study, describing all kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with TB between 2005 and 2015 in 3 French centers. For each TB case, 2 controls without TB were identified and matched by center, age, transplant date, and birth country. Risk factors associated with TB were identified and survival estimated.ResultsThirty‐two cases and 64 control patients were included among 3974 transplantations. The prevalence of TB was 0.83%. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 64 years; 75% were born in a high TB prevalence country, but only 3 had received isoniazid prophylaxis for latent TB infection. TB occurred at a median of 22 months after transplantation. On diagnosis, 66% had disseminated infection. Median duration of treatment was 9 months. Immunosuppressive therapy changes were necessary in all patients because of drug‐drug interactions. Among cases, 5 deaths occurred during follow‐up (median duration: 41 months), one directly related with TB. Survival was significantly lower in transplant recipients with TB, as compared to controls (P = .001). No predictive factors of tuberculosis after transplantation were statistically significant in univariate analysis.ConclusionTB in kidney transplant recipients is a rare and late event, but is associated with significantly reduced survival. Our results emphasize the need for systematic screening for LTBI, followed by IPT in high‐risk patients.
Post‐transplant liver graft schistosomiasis in a migrant from Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Carrai Paola , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Pollina Luca Emanuele , Giordani Luca , Mangano Valentina , Iapoce Riccardo , Rinaldi Francesca , Bartoloni Alessandro , Filipponi Franco , De Simone Paolo , Bruschi Fabrizio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report a case of post‐transplant liver graft infection with Schistosoma spp in a migrant from sub‐Saharan Africa transplanted for HBV‐related cirrhosis and with undiagnosed schistosomiasis pre‐transplantation. The occurrence of tropical diseases in non‐endemic areas warrants screening protocols for organ donors and recipients with a history of exposure in endemic areas.
Safe administration of rotavirus vaccine in a cohort of infants exposed to immunosuppressive drugs during gestation
Authors: Dinelli Maria Isabel S. , dos Santos Amélia M. N. , Weckx Lily Y. , de Moraes‐Pinto Maria Isabel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn utero exposure to immunosuppressive drugs might be a contraindication to rotavirus vaccine, but that may vary according to the immunosuppressive regimen. We evaluated 24 infants born to kidney transplanted mothers exposed to 3 immunosuppressants during pregnancy (prednisone, azathioprine, and tacrolimus or cyclosporine) and 31 control infants not exposed to these medications. No differences in adverse events were detected after rotavirus vaccination at 2 and 4 months.
Downregulation of p‐COUMAROYL ESTER 3‐HYDROXYLASE in rice leads to altered cell wall structures and improves biomass saccharification
Authors: Takeda Yuri , Tobimatsu Yuki , Karlen Steven D. , Koshiba Taichi , Suzuki Shiro , Yamamura Masaomi , Murakami Shinya , Mukai Mai , Hattori Takefumi , Osakabe Keishi , Ralph John , Sakamoto Masahiro , Umezawa Toshiaki 
Published: June 2018

Summaryp‐Coumaroyl ester 3‐hydroxylase (C3′H) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of lignin, a phenylpropanoid polymer that is the major constituent of secondary cell walls in vascular plants. Although the crucial role of C3′H in lignification and its manipulation to upgrade lignocellulose have been investigated in eudicots, limited information is available in monocotyledonous grass species, despite their potential as biomass feedstocks. Here we address the pronounced impacts of C3′H deficiency on the structure and properties of grass cell walls. C3′H‐knockdown lines generated via RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated gene silencing, with about 0.5% of the residual expression levels, reached maturity and set seeds. In contrast, C3′H‐knockout rice mutants generated via CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis were severely dwarfed and sterile. Cell wall analysis of the mature C3′H‐knockdown RNAi lines revealed that their lignins were largely enriched in p‐hydroxyphenyl (H) units while being substantially reduced in the normally dominant guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units. Interestingly, however, the enrichment of H units was limited to within the non‐acylated lignin units, with grass‐specific γ‐p‐coumaroylated lignin units remaining apparently unchanged. Suppression of C3′H also resulted in relative augmentation in tricin residues in lignin as well as a substantial reduction in wall cross‐linking ferulates. Collectively, our data demonstrate that C3′H expression is an important determinant not only of lignin content and composition but also of the degree of cell wall cross‐linking. We also demonstrated that C3′H‐suppressed rice displays enhanced biomass saccharification.
Inter‐cortical modulation from premotor to motor plasticity
Authors: Huang Ying‐Zu , Chen Rou‐Shayn , Fong Po‐Yu , Rothwell John C. , Chuang Wen‐Li , Weng Yi‐Hsin , Lin Wey‐Yil , Lu Chin‐Song 
Published: June 2018

Key Points
Synaptic plasticity is involved in daily activities but abnormal plasticity may be deleterious.

In this study, we found that motor plasticity could be modulated by suppressing the premotor cortex with the theta burst form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Such changes in motor plasticity were associated with reduced learning of a simple motor task.
We postulate that the premotor cortex adjusts the amount of motor plasticity to modulate motor learning through heterosynaptic metaplasticity.
The present results provide an insight into how the brain physiologically coordinates two different areas to bring them into a functional network, a concept that could be employed to intervene in diseases with abnormal plasticity.
AbstractPrimary motor cortex (M1) plasticity is known to be influenced by the excitability and prior activation history of M1 itself. However, little is known about how its plasticity is influenced by other areas of the brain. In the present study on humans of either sex who were known to respond to theta burst stimulation from previous studies, we found plasticity of M1 could be modulated by suppressing the premotor cortex with the theta burst form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Motor plasticity was distorted and disappeared 30 min and 120 min, respectively, after premotor excitability was suppressed. Further evaluation revealed that such changes in motor plasticity were associated with impaired learning of a simple motor task. We postulate that the premotor cortex modulates the amount of plasticity within M1 through heterosynaptic metaplasticity, and that this may impact on learning of a simple motor task previously shown to be directly affected by M1 plasticity. The present results provide an insight into how the brain physiologically coordinates two different areas to bring them into a functional network. Furthermore, such concepts could be translated into therapeutic approaches for diseases with aberrant plasticity.
A Single-Cell Approach to the Elusive Latent Human Cytomegalovirus Transcriptome
Authors: Goodrum Felicia , McWeeney Shannon 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Herpesvirus latency has been difficult to understand molecularly due to low levels of viral genomes and gene expression. In the case of the betaherpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), this is further complicated by the heterogeneity inherent to hematopoietic subpopulations harboring genomes and, as a consequence, the various patterns of infection that simultaneously exist in a host, ranging from latent to lytic. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides tremendous potential in measuring the gene expression profiles of heterogeneous cell populations for a wide range of applications, including in studies of cancer, immunology, and infectious disease. A recent study by Shnayder et al. (mBio 9:e00013-18, 2018,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00013-18
) utilized scRNA-seq to define transcriptomal characteristics of HCMV latency. They conclude that latency-associated gene expression is similar to the late lytic viral program but at lower levels of expression. The study highlights the numerous challenges, from the definition of latency to the analysis of scRNA-seq, that exist in defining a latent transcriptome.
The Adductor Strengthening Programme prevents groin problems among male football players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Harøy Joar , Clarsen Benjamin , Wiger Espen Guldahl , Øyen Mari Glomnes , Serner Andreas , Thorborg Kristian , Hölmich Per , Andersen Thor Einar , Bahr Roald 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundGroin injuries represent a considerable problem in male football. Previous groin-specific prevention programmes have not shown a significant reduction in groin injury rates. An exercise programme using the Copenhagen Adduction exercise increases hip adduction strength, a key risk factor for groin injuries. However, its preventive effect is yet to be tested.AimTo evaluate the effect of a single-exercise approach, based on the Copenhagen Adduction exercise, on the prevalence of groin problems in male football players.Methods35 semiprofessional Norwegian football teams were cluster-randomised into an intervention group (18 teams, 339 players) and a control group (17 teams, 313 players). The intervention group performed an Adductor Strengthening Programme using one exercise, with three progression levels, three times per week during the preseason (6–8 weeks), and once per week during the competitive season (28 weeks). The control group were instructed to train as normal. The prevalence of groin problems was measured weekly in both groups during the competitive season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire.ResultsThe average prevalence of groin problems during the season was 13.5% (95% CI 12.3% to 14.7%) in the intervention group and 21.3% (95% CI 20.0% to 22.6%) in the control group. The risk of reporting groin problems was 41% lower in the intervention group (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.86, p=0.008).ConclusionThe simple Adductor Strengthening Programme substantially reduced the self-reported prevalence and risk of groin problems in male football players.Trial registration numberISRCTN98514933.
Paternal smoking and spontaneous abortion: a population-based retrospective cohort study among non-smoking women aged 20–49 years in rural China
Authors: Wang Long , Yang Ying , Liu Fangchao , Yang Aimin , Xu Qin , Wang Qiaomei , Shen Haiping , Zhang Yiping , Yan Donghai , Peng Zuoqi , He Yuan , Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Jihong , Zhao Jun , Zhang Hongguang , Zhang Ya , Dai Qiaoyun , Ma Xu 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundTo comprehensively evaluate the association of paternal smoking and spontaneous abortion.MethodsWe conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study among 5 770 691 non-smoking rural Chinese women, along with their husbands, participating in the National Free Pre-Pregnancy Checkups Project, regarding outcome events that occurred in 2010–2016. The main outcome was spontaneous abortion (SA). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI, and restricted cubic spline was used to estimate the non-linear relationship.ResultsThe multivariable-adjusted OR of exposure to paternal smoking for SA was 1.17 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.19), compared with women without exposure to paternal smoking; and corresponding OR of exposure to preconception paternal smoking for SA was 1.11 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.14), compared with women without exposure to preconception paternal smoking. The ORs of preconception paternal smoking also increased with increases in paternal smoking (pnonlinear<0.05, almost linearly shaped) and preconception paternal smoking (pnonlinear>0.05). In addition, periconception paternal smoking cessation was associated with an 18% (15%–22%) lower risk of SA.ConclusionPaternal smoking was associated with SA. The importance of tobacco control, specifically pertaining to paternal smoking, should be emphasised during preconception and pregnancy counselling.
Photoemission process — Relation with quantum entanglement
Authors: Wang J. T. , Fan J. D. 
Published: June 2018

It is well known that an electron has either spin-up or spin-down state and a photon has two possible polarizations called spin [Formula: see text] or spin [Formula: see text]. But when two particles are created, the two particles can have 50% of one state and 50% in the other. This is called the two particles in quantum entanglement. The spooky thing is that an event at one point in the universe can instantaneously affect the event that is arbitrarily far away between these two particles. a The entanglement of the two particles can be electron or photon. We believe, in order to study this phenomenon we have to study further than the previously established principles of quantum mechanics, that is, to study how an electron creates a photon and how it interacts with the photon emitted. a Quantum entanglement simplified-video results — Quantum entanglement and spooky action at a distance, youtube.com, two years ago.
TET1-Mediated Hypomethylation Activates Oncogenic Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Good Charly Ryan , Panjarian Shoghag , Kelly Andrew D. , Madzo Jozef , Patel Bela , Jelinek Jaroslav , Issa Jean-Pierre J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Both gains and losses of DNA methylation are common in cancer, but the factors controlling this balance of methylation remain unclear. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype that does not overexpress hormone receptors or HER2/NEU, is one of the most hypomethylated cancers observed. Here, we discovered that the TET1 DNA demethylase is specifically overexpressed in about 40% of patients with TNBC, where it is associated with hypomethylation of up to 10% of queried CpG sites and a worse overall survival. Through bioinformatic analyses in both breast and ovarian cancer cell line panels, we uncovered an intricate network connecting TET1 to hypomethylation and activation of cancer-specific oncogenic pathways, including PI3K, EGFR, and PDGF. TET1 expression correlated with sensitivity to drugs targeting the PI3K–mTOR pathway, and CRISPR-mediated deletion of TET1 in two independent TNBC cell lines resulted in reduced expression of PI3K pathway genes, upregulation of immune response genes, and substantially reduced cellular proliferation, suggesting dependence of oncogenic pathways on TET1 overexpression. Our work establishes TET1 as a potential oncogene that contributes to aberrant hypomethylation in cancer and suggests that TET1 could serve as a druggable target for therapeutic intervention.
Significance: This study addresses a critical gap in knowledge of how and why methylation is prognostic in breast cancer and shows how this information can be used to stratify patients with TNBC for targeted therapy. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4126–37. ©2018 AACR.
The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Lymph Node Spread in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Barry Peter , Vatsiou Alexandra , Spiteri Inmaculada , Nichol Daniel , Cresswell George D. , Acar Ahmet , Trahearn Nicholas , Hrebien Sarah , Garcia-Murillas Isaac , Chkhaidze Kate , Ermini Luca , Huntingford Ian Said , Cottom Hannah , Zabaglo Lila , Koelble Konrad , Khalique Saira , Rusby Jennifer E. , Muscara Francesca , Dowsett Mitch , Maley Carlo C. , Natrajan Rachael , Yuan Yinyin , Schiavon Gaia , Turner Nicholas , Sottoriva Andrea 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: The most significant prognostic factor in early breast cancer is lymph node involvement. This stage between localized and systemic disease is key to understanding breast cancer progression; however, our knowledge of the evolution of lymph node malignant invasion remains limited, as most currently available data are derived from primary tumors.
Experimental Design: In 11 patients with treatment-naïve node-positive early breast cancer without clinical evidence of distant metastasis, we investigated lymph node evolution using spatial multiregion sequencing (n = 78 samples) of primary and lymph node deposits and genomic profiling of matched longitudinal circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).
Results: Linear evolution from primary to lymph node was rare (1/11), whereas the majority of cases displayed either early divergence between primary and nodes (4/11) or no detectable divergence (6/11), where both primary and nodal cells belonged to a single recent expansion of a metastatic clone. Divergence of metastatic subclones was driven in part by APOBEC. Longitudinal ctDNA samples from 2 of 7 subjects with evaluable plasma taken perioperatively reflected the two major evolutionary patterns and demonstrate that private mutations can be detected even from early metastatic nodal deposits. Moreover, node removal resulted in disappearance of private lymph node mutations in ctDNA.
Conclusions: This study sheds new light on a crucial evolutionary step in the natural history of breast cancer, demonstrating early establishment of axillary lymph node metastasis in a substantial proportion of patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4763–70. ©2018 AACR.
Pembrolizumab Exposure–Response Assessments Challenged by Association of Cancer Cachexia and Catabolic Clearance
Authors: Turner David C. , Kondic Anna G. , Anderson Keaven M. , Robinson Andrew G. , Garon Edward B. , Riess Jonathan Wesley , Jain Lokesh , Mayawala Kapil , Kang Jiannan , Ebbinghaus Scot W. , Sinha Vikram , de Alwis Dinesh P. , Stone Julie A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the relationship of pembrolizumab pharmacokinetics (PK) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced melanoma and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods:
PK dependencies in OS were evaluated across three pembrolizumab studies of either 200 mg or 2 to 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W). Kaplan–Meier plots of OS, stratified by dose, exposure, and baseline clearance (CL0), were assessed per indication and study. A Cox proportional hazards model was implemented to explore imbalances of typical prognostic factors in high/low NSCLC CL0 subgroups.

Results:
A total of 1,453 subjects were included: 340 with pembrolizumab-treated melanoma, 804 with pembrolizumab-treated NSCLC, and 309 with docetaxel-treated NSCLC. OS was dose independent from 2 to 10 mg/kg for pembrolizumab-treated melanoma [HR = 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94–1.02] and NSCLC (HR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95–1.01); however, a strong CL0–OS association was identified for both cancer types (unadjusted melanoma HR = 2.56; 95% CI, 1.72–3.80 and NSCLC HR = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.94–3.57). Decreased OS in subjects with higher pembrolizumab CL0 paralleled disease severity markers associated with end-stage cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Correction for baseline prognostic factors did not fully attenuate the CL0–OS association (multivariate-adjusted CL0 HR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.06–2.52 for melanoma and HR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.22–2.89 for NSCLC).

Conclusions:
These data support the lack of dose or exposure dependency in pembrolizumab OS for melanoma and NSCLC between 2 and 10 mg/kg. An association of pembrolizumab CL0 with OS potentially reflects catabolic activity as a marker of disease severity versus a direct PK-related impact of pembrolizumab on efficacy. Similar data from other trials suggest such patterns of exposure–response confounding may be a broader phenomenon generalizable to antineoplastic mAbs.
See related commentary by Coss et al., p. 5787