bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metals recovery from e-scrap using gravity, electrostatic and magnetic separations
Authors: Franke D , Suponik T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the work was to recover metals from e-scrap, in particular from mainboards of desktop computers, using gravity, electrostatic and magnetic separation. The article describes the method of comminution as well as the yield of size fraction after this process. In addition, the separation of the fraction of 0.32 - 0.56 mm with the use of two systems: I) electrostatic and magnetic separation, and II); gravity and magnetic separation, was presented. The feed to the magnetic separator for both systems was metals (high density products). The yield of fraction 0.32 - 0.56 mm obtained after comminution was 40.7% while the yields of the products obtained from the first system were as follows: in the case of electrostatic separation, 24.9% metals and 75.1% plastics and glass; and for magnetic separation 0.7% of ferromagnetics, 19.0% of diamagnetics and 5.3% of paramagnetics. The yields of the products in the second system were: in the case of gravity separation, fraction with a density ρ > 2.96 g/cc = 33.0% and fraction with a density ρ<2.96 g/cc = 67.0%; and for magnetic separation 0.8% of ferromagnetics, 25.3% of diamagnetics and 6.9% of paramagnetics.
Periodic solutions to a forced Kepler problem in the plane
Authors: Boscaggin Alberto , Dambrosio Walter , Papini Duccio 
Published: June 2019

Given a smooth function

U
(
t
,
x
)

U(t,x)

,

T
T

-periodic in the first variable and satisfying

U
(
t
,
x
)
=

O

(
|
x

|

α

)

U(t,x) = \mathcal {O}(\vert x \vert ^{\alpha })

for some

α
∈
(
0
,
2
)

\alpha \in (0,2)

as

|
x
|
→
∞

\vert x \vert \to \infty

, we prove that the forced Kepler problem

x
¨

=
−

x

|

x

|

3

+

∇
x

U
(
t
,
x
)
,

x
∈

R

2

,

\begin{equation*} \ddot x = - \dfrac {x}{|x|^3} + \nabla _x U(t,x),\qquad x\in \mathbb {R}^2, \end{equation*}

has a generalized

T
T

-periodic solution, according to the definition given in the paper by A. Boscaggin, R. Ortega, and L. Zhao [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 372 (2019), 677–703]. The proof relies on variational arguments.
Limits of traces of singular moduli
Authors: Choi Dohoon , Lim Subong 
Published: June 2019

Let

f
f

and

g
g

be weakly holomorphic modular functions on

Γ
0

(
N
)

\Gamma _0(N)

with the trivial character. For an integer

d
d

, let

T
r

d

(
f
)

\mathrm {Tr}_d(f)

denote the modular trace of

f
f

of index

d
d

. Let

r
r

be a rational number equivalent to

i
∞

i\infty

under the action of

Γ
0

(
4
N
)

\Gamma _0(4N)

. In this paper, we prove that when

z
z

goes radially to

r
r

, the limit

Q

H
^

(
f
)

(
r
)

Q_{\hat {H}(f)}(r)

of the sum

H
(
f
)
(
z
)
=

∑

d
>
0

T
r

d

(
f
)

e

2
π
i
d
z

H(f)(z) = \sum _{d>0}\mathrm {Tr}_d(f)e^{2\pi idz}

is a special value of a regularized twisted

L
L

-function defined by

T
r

d

(
f
)

\mathrm {Tr}_d(f)

for

d
≤
0

d\leq 0

. It is proved that the regularized

L
L

-function is meromorphic on

C

\mathbb {C}

and satisfies a certain functional equation. Finally, under the assumption that

N
N

is square free, we prove that if

Q

H
^

(
f
)

(
r
)
=

Q

H
^

(
g
)

(
r
)

Q_{\hat {H}(f)}(r)=Q_{\hat {H}(g)}(r)

for all

r
r

equivalent to

i
∞

i \infty

under the action of

Γ
0

(
4
N
)

\Gamma _0(4N)

, then

T
r

d

(
f
)
=

T
r

d

(
g
)

\mathrm {Tr}_d(f)=\mathrm {Tr}_d(g)

for all integers

d
d

.
Further mismeasures of animal contests: a new framework for assessment strategies
Authors: Chapin Kenneth James , Peixoto Paulo Enrique Cardoso , Briffa Mark 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCompetition for resources is a ubiquitous feature of life, and a central topic in behavioral ecology. Organisms use assessment strategies to resolve contests, which can be delineated into two broad categories by the information individuals use to make decisions: mutual assessment (MA) or self-assessment (SA). Most research hitherto has worked to bin a species into one of these categories. In this review, we discuss the limitations of this approach and provide solutions. We posit that assessment strategies do not need to be fixed within a species, individuals, or interactions, and that many organisms should adjust their assessment strategy as the environment, opponent, and opportunities for information gathering change. We show that assessment strategies are an individual-level characteristic, can vary within and between contests, and are not mutually exclusive. We argue that MA is the midpoint along a spectrum of self only and opponent only assessment. We discuss the effects of resource distribution, demographics, experience, information transfer, and ontogeny on assessment strategy evolution and behavior. We conclude by providing empirical guidelines and an example with a simulated dataset.
HiFreSP: A novel high-frequency sub-pathway mining approach to identify robust prognostic gene signatures
Authors: Li Meng , Zhao Jianmei , Li Xuecang , Chen Yang , Feng Chenchen , Qian Fengcui , Liu Yuejuan , Zhang Jian , He Jianzhong , Ai Bo , Ning Ziyu , Liu Wei , Bai Xuefeng , Han Xiaole , Wu Zhiyong , Xu Xiue , Tang Zhidong , Pan Qi , Xu Liyan , Li Chunquan , Wang Qiuyu , Li Enmin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the increasing awareness of heterogeneity in cancers, better prediction of cancer prognosis is much needed for more personalized treatment. Recently, extensive efforts have been made to explore the variations in gene expression for better prognosis. However, the prognostic gene signatures predicted by most existing methods have little robustness among different datasets of the same cancer. To improve the robustness of the gene signatures, we propose a novel high-frequency sub-pathways mining approach (HiFreSP), integrating a randomization strategy with gene interaction pathways. We identified a six-gene signature (CCND1, CSF3R, E2F2, JUP, RARA and TCF7) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by HiFreSP. This signature displayed a strong ability to predict the clinical outcome of ESCC patients in two independent datasets (log-rank test, P = 0.0045 and 0.0087). To further show the predictive performance of HiFreSP, we applied it to two other cancers: pancreatic adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. The identified signatures show high predictive power in all testing datasets of the two cancers. Furthermore, compared with the two popular prognosis signature predicting methods, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized Cox proportional hazards model and the random survival forest, HiFreSP showed better predictive accuracy and generalization across all testing datasets of the above three cancers. Lastly, we applied HiFreSP to 8137 patients involving 20 cancer types in the TCGA database and found high-frequency prognosis-associated pathways in many cancers. Taken together, HiFreSP shows higher prognostic capability and greater robustness, and the identified signatures provide clinical guidance for cancer prognosis. HiFreSP is freely available via GitHub: https://github.com/chunquanlipathway/HiFreSP.
A scalable method for parameter identification in kinetic models of metabolism using steady-state data
Authors: Srinivasan Shyam , Cluett William R , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Motivation
In kinetic models of metabolism, the parameter values determine the dynamic behaviour predicted by these models. Estimating parameters from in vivo experimental data require the parameters to be structurally identifiable, and the data to be informative enough to estimate these parameters. Existing methods to determine the structural identifiability of parameters in kinetic models of metabolism can only be applied to models of small metabolic networks due to their computational complexity. Additionally, a priori experimental design, a necessity to obtain informative data for parameter estimation, also does not account for using steady-state data to estimate parameters in kinetic models.

Results
Here, we present a scalable methodology to structurally identify parameters for each flux in a kinetic model of metabolism based on the availability of steady-state data. In doing so, we also address the issue of determining the number and nature of experiments for generating steady-state data to estimate these parameters. By using a small metabolic network as an example, we show that most parameters in fluxes expressed by mechanistic enzyme kinetic rate laws can be identified using steady-state data, and the steady-state data required for their estimation can be obtained from selective experiments involving both substrate and enzyme level perturbations. The methodology can be used in combination with other identifiability and experimental design algorithms that use dynamic data to determine the most informative experiments requiring the least resources to perform.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/LMSE/ident.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
BAMixChecker: an automated checkup tool for matched sample pairs in NGS cohort
Authors: Chun Hein , Kim Sangwoo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Summary
Mislabeling in the process of next generation sequencing is a frequent problem that can cause an entire genomic analysis to fail, and a regular cohort-level checkup is needed to ensure that it has not occurred. We developed a new, automated tool (BAMixChecker) that accurately detects sample mismatches from a given BAM file cohort with minimal user intervention. BAMixChecker uses a flexible, data-specific set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and detects orphan (unpaired) and swapped (mispaired) samples based on genotype-concordance score and entropy-based file name analysis. BAMixChecker shows ∼100% accuracy in real WES, RNA-Seq and targeted sequencing data cohorts, even for small panels (&lt;50 genes). BAMixChecker provides an HTML-style report that graphically outlines the sample matching status in tables and heatmaps, with which users can quickly inspect any mismatch events.

Availability and implementation
BAMixChecker is available at https://github.com/heinc1010/BAMixChecker

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Generation of focal mutations and large genomic deletions in the pancreas using inducible in vivo genome editing
Authors: Mishra Amrendra , Emamgholi Fatemeh , Erlangga Zulrahman , Hartleben Björn , Unger Kristian , Wolff Katharina , Teichmann Ulrike , Kessel Michael , Woller Norman , Kühnel Florian , Dow Lukas E , Manns Michael P , Vogel Arndt , Lowe Scott W , Saborowski Anna , Saborowski Michael 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Beyond the nearly uniform presence of KRAS mutations, pancreatic cancer is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease. Preclinical in vivo model systems exist, but with the advent of precision oncology, murine models with enhanced genetic flexibility are needed to functionally annotate genetic alterations found in the human malignancy. Here, we describe the generation of focal gene disruptions and large chromosomal deletions via inducible and pancreas-specific expression of Cas9 in adult mice. Experimental mice are derived on demand directly from genetically engineered embryonic stem cells, without the need for further intercrossing. To provide initial validation of our approach, we show that disruption of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rnf43 accelerates Kras G12D-dependent tumourigenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that this system can be used to rapidly interrogate the impact of complex cancer-associated alleles through the generation of a previously unstudied 1.2 megabase deletion surrounding the CDKN2A and CDKN2B tumour suppressors. Thus, our approach is capable of reproducibly generating biallelic and precise loss of large chromosomal fragments that, in conjunction with mutant Kras, leads to development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with full penetrance.
A misleading source: the fortuna of a sixteenth-century engraving and its impact on the history of Roman baths studies
Authors: Savani Giacomo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, I follow the mixed fortunes of a woodcut depicting a cutaway view of a set of ancient baths, so far neglected by modern scholarship. First published in a mid-sixteenth-century treatise on balneology and based on a misinterpretation of Vitruvius (5.10.1), it reappeared as a copy of a Roman wall-painting in several eighteenth-century antiquarian works. The remarkable resonance enjoyed by this image in specialist and popular publications until the early twentieth century makes it one of the most influential and controversial sources in the history of Roman baths studies. In exploring the reasons behind the enduring, uncritical acceptance of this depiction, I raise broader questions concerning the nature and extent of intellectual networks in eighteenth-century Europe.
Endothelial function and dysfunction in the cardiovascular system: the long non-coding road
Authors: Monteiro João P , Bennett Matthew , Rodor Julie , Caudrillier Axelle , Ulitsky Igor , Baker Andrew H 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPresent throughout the vasculature, endothelial cells (ECs) are essential for blood vessel function and play a central role in the pathogenesis of diverse cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the intricate molecular determinants governing endothelial function and dysfunction is essential to develop novel clinical breakthroughs and improve knowledge. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are active regulators of the endothelial transcriptome and function, providing emerging insights into core questions surrounding EC contributions to pathology, and perhaps the emergence of novel therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss this class of non-coding transcripts and their role in endothelial biology during cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and disease, highlighting challenges during discovery and characterization and how these have been overcome to date. We further discuss the translational therapeutic implications and the challenges within the field, highlighting lncRNA that support endothelial phenotypes prevalent in cardiovascular disease.
Slavery, Indenture and the Development of British Industrial Capitalism
Authors: Harvey Mark 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper addresses the central issue of the relationship between slavery and industrial capitalism. It does so by re-examining Eric Williams’s classic account and recent debates related to it on the one hand, and on the other, by challenging basic assumptions about capitalism as a closed market-wage labour-capital system. Taking a long-duration approach (from the mid eighteenth century to the end of the nineteenth century) to three key commodities – guns, sugar and cotton – the paper argues that British industrial capitalism drove the expansion of slavery and then other regimes of exploitation in a dynamic and interdependent relationship with the transformation of the metropolitan wage economy. The analysis is based on changing configurations of production-exchange-distribution-consumption for each of these three exemplary commodities. The British industrial revolution is thus characterized by its hybridity and heterogeneity, always combining varied regimes of exploitation: metropolitan wage labour, directly-owned British Caribbean and Mauritian slavery, and US Deep South slavery, each followed by varied transitions to indentured servitude or sharecropping. New and contrasting racialized orders of hierarchy and inequality emerged and were entrenched as a central feature of this epochal change, the legacies of which are only too present today.
Education and lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Huaqiang , Zhang Yaxiong , Liu Jiaqing , Yang Yunpeng , Fang Wenfeng , Hong Shaodong , Chen Gang , Zhao Shen , Zhang Zhonghan , Shen Jiayi , Xian Wei , Huang Yan , Zhao Hongyun , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
We aimed to investigate whether more years spent in education are causally associated with a lower risk of lung cancer, through a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Methods
The main analysis used publicly available genetic summary data from two large consortia [International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) and Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC)]. Genetic variants used as instrumental variables for years of education were derived from SSGAC. Finally, genetic data from three additional consortia (TAG, GLGC, GIANT) were analysed to investigate whether education could causally alter common lung cancer risk factors. The exposure was the genetic predisposition to higher levels of education, measured by 73 single nucleotide polymorphisms from SSGAC. The primary outcome was the risk of lung cancer (11 348 events in ILCCO). Secondary outcomes based on different histological subtypes were also examined. Analyses were performed using the package TwoSampleMR in R.

Results
Genetic predisposition towards 3.6  years of additional education was associated with a 52% lower risk of lung cancer (odds ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.66; P = 1.02 × 10 − 5). Sensitivity analyses were consistent with a causal interpretation in which major bias from genetic pleiotropy was unlikely. The Mendelian randomization assumptions did not seem to be violated. Genetic predisposition towards longer education was additionally associated with less smoking, lower body mass index and a favourable blood lipid profile.

Conclusions
Our study indicated that low education is a causal risk factor in the development of lung cancer. Further work is needed to elucidate the potential mechanisms.
Severity of Plasmodium falciparum and Non-falciparum Malaria in Travelers and Migrants: A Nationwide Observational Study Over 2 Decades in Sweden
Authors: Wångdahl Andreas , Wyss Katja , Saduddin Dashti , Bottai Matteo , Ydring Elsie , Vikerfors Tomas , Färnert Anna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim was to assess factors affecting disease severity in imported P. falciparum and non-falciparum malaria.

Methods
We reviewed medical records from 2793/3260 (85.7%) of all episodes notified in Sweden between 1995 and 2015 and performed multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Severe malaria according to WHO 2015 criteria was found in P. falciparum (9.4%), P. vivax (7.7%), P. ovale (5.3%), P. malariae (3.3%), and mixed P. falciparum episodes (21.1%). Factors associated with severe P. falciparum malaria were age <5 years and >40 years, origin in nonendemic country, pregnancy, HIV, region of diagnosis, and health care delay. Moreover, oral treatment of P. falciparum episodes with parasitemia ≥2% without severe signs at presentation was associated with progress to severe malaria with selected criteria. In non-falciparum, age >60 years, health care delay and endemic origin were identified as risk factors for severe disease. Among patients originating in endemic countries, a higher risk for severe malaria, both P. falciparum and non-falciparum, was observed among newly arrived migrants.

Conclusions
Severe malaria was observed in P. falciparum and non-falciparum episodes. Current WHO criteria for severe malaria may need optimization to better guide the management of malaria of different species in travelers and migrants in nonendemic areas.
Achieving the first of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets: understanding the influence of HIV risk perceptions, knowing one’s partner’s status and discussion of HIV/sexually transmitted infections with a sexual partner on uptake of HIV testing
Authors: Ajayi A I , Mudefi E , Adeniyi O V , Goon D T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study assessed how HIV risk perceptions, knowledge of one’s partner’s status and discussion of HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with one’s sexual partner influence the uptake of HIV testing. Data were obtained from 833 young adults, selected using stratified random sampling in a South African university in 2018. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were employed to examine determinants of HIV testing uptake. The majority of students (69.9%) had previously tested for HIV, but only 58.4% tested for HIV in the last year. Being highly concerned about contracting HIV/STIs was positively associated with having tested for HIV (adjusted OR [AOR]: 4.28; CI: 2.50 to 7.34) and getting an HIV test in the past year (AOR: 1.83; CI: 1.20 to 2.80). Knowing one’s partner’s status was associated with a higher probability of ever having been tested for HIV (AOR: 3.07; CI: 1.89 to 4.97) or having received an HIV test in the previous year (AOR: 2.66; CI: 1.77 to 3.99). Discussion of HIV/STIs was associated with higher odds of having ever been tested for HIV (AOR: 3.81; CI: 2.44 to 5.96) and recent HIV testing (AOR: 3.22; CI: 2.17 to 4.77). HIV testing was below the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNAIDS 90-90-90 target. Being concerned about contracting HIV, discussion of HIV/STIs with a sexual partner and knowing one’s partner’s HIV status were associated with the uptake of HIV testing.
Technology for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do Sri Lankan Parents and Practitioners Want?
Authors: Soysa Amani Induni , Al Mahmud Abdullah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAt present, technology is being extensively used among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in affluent countries. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the use of technology for children with ASD in developing countries. This study, therefore, investigates the current role of technology for children with ASD in Sri Lanka where the autism prevalence is 1 in 93 children in the age group of 0–3. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews and focus group sessions with 32 parents and 18 practitioners who work closely with children with ASD. The findings of this study indicate that a wide array of technological applications (n = 37) is used among children with ASD in Sri Lanka at home and therapy settings. This study further identifies different patterns of using technology at home and in therapy settings. For instance, parents mostly use passive learning technologies such as television and YouTube channels on smartphones to educate children with ASD in home settings. On the other hand, practitioners use interactive technologies such as desktop computer programs and tablet applications to develop skills and engage with children with ASD. Though many technological applications are used among Sri Lankan children with ASD, parents and practitioners illustrated that current technological applications need to be further improved and modified to cater for the needs of children with ASD and to make learning more effective. We also found out that having flexible customization can be a powerful tool when designing software applications for children with ASD in Sri Lanka. Finally, we present the implications for designing technologies for children with ASD highlighting the similarities and differences of our findings with those studies conducted in affluent countries.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSDigital technology such as TV and desktop computers are widely used among children with ASD in Sri Lanka. Most parents of children with ASD use passive learning technologies (i.e. TV), while practitioners use more interactive technologies such as tablets and computers. The most common use of technology at home is to teach academic skills (i.e. vocabulary and maths), while the most common use of technology at therapy is for sensory integration. Applications supporting Sri Lankan cultural context is one of the popular functionality required by both parents and practitioners of children with ASD. Customization can be a key feature when designing software applications for children with ASD in non-English speaking multilingual countries like Sri Lanka.