bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urine Proteome Changes in a TNBS‐Induced Colitis Rat Model
Authors: Qin Weiwei , Li Lujun , Wang Ting , Huang He , Gao Youhe 
Published: May 2019

PurposeUrine is an important resource for biomarker research. Urine proteins reflect not only renal diseases but also changes in other organs in the body. However, urine has rarely been used to reflect on inflammatory bowel disease.Experimental DesignIn the present study, a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis rat model is used to mimic the human inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease (CD). Urine samples are analyzed by label‐free and TMT‐labeled proteomic quantitative methods.Results77 urinary proteins are significantly changed in the colitis rats compared with that in the controls. These proteins are further validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) targeted proteomic quantitative methods. Based on the human protein tissue atlas, carbonic anhydrase 1, ribonuclease pancreatic gamma type, and neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT are highly enriched in the gastrointestinal tract. Among the nine PRM‐validated proteins, carbonic anhydrase 1, neutrophil collagenase, and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin were previously reported as IBD‐associated proteins (all exhibiting consistent trends with the observation herein), whereas the others are newly discovered by this study.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe results provide valuable clues for future study of urine biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn's disease.
First Structural Characterization of Solvate‐Free Silver 5‐Nitrotetrazolate and its Comparison with other Energetic Silver Compounds in Structure and Property
Authors: Ji Haoran , Liu Lian , Sun Qi , Li Xin , Lu Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe structure of solvate‐free silver 5‐nitrotetrazolate has been confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction for the first time since it was prepared in 1978. Its structure and energetic performance were compared with other well‐known silver energetic compounds, viz silver dinitramide, silver azide, and silver pentazolate. Its high thermal stability and very sensitive property make it a good candidate as a primary explosive.
The impact of cover crops on the predatory mite Anystis baccarum (Acari, Anystidae) and the leafhopper pest Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) in a tea plantation
Authors: Chen Li‐Lin , Yuan Pei , Pozsgai Gabor , Chen Ping , Zhu Huaiping , You Min‐Sheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEmpoasca onukii, the tea green leafhopper, is a key pest of tea whose control often requires the extensive use of insecticides. As a predator of the tea green leafhopper, the mite Anystis baccarum is a potential biological control agent worldwide, though little is known about how intercropping cover crops can impact its suppressing effect on E. onukii. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment to investigate how the relationship of the abundance of the predatory mite and its leafhopper prey is influenced by two different cover crops and a manually weeded inter‐row treatment as a contrast to naturally growing vegetation in a tea plantation in China.RESULTSThe abundance of A. baccarum was significantly higher in tea canopies of intercropped treatments than in canopies over natural ground cover. Litter samples showed higher abundances of A. baccarum when tea was intercropped with Paspalum notatum than with natural ground cover in the first year of treatment. The abundance of E. onukii in tea canopies was higher over the bare ground treatment in the first year but the opposite was observed in the second year.CONCLUSIONSResults suggest that the abundance of A. baccarum in a tea plantation is influenced by intercropping and it can affect its leafhopper prey, albeit with varying levels of suppression. For informing biological control and suppression of pests, long‐term experiments are needed to investigate the interactions of both pest and predator with cover crop treatments. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Razumikhin stability theorems for a general class of stochastic impulsive switched time‐delay systems
Authors: Ren Wei , Xiong Junlin 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper studies stability of a general class of impulsive switched systems under time delays and random disturbances using multiple Lyapunov functions and fixed dwell‐time. In the studied system model, the impulses and switches are allowed to occur asynchronously. As a result, the switching may occur in the impulsive intervals and the impulses can occur in the switching intervals, which have great effects on system stability. Since the switches do not bring about the change of the system state, we study two cases in terms of the impulses, ie, the stable continuous dynamics case and the stable impulsive dynamics case. According to multiple Lyapunov‐Razumikhin functions and the fixed dwell‐time, Razumikhin‐type stability conditions are established. Finally, the obtained results are illustrated via a numerical example from the synchronization problem of chaotic systems.
Funnel‐like prescribed tracking control for uncertain nonlinear stochastic switched systems
Authors: Li Kuo , Hua Changchun , Guan Xinping 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper deals with the funnel‐like prescribed tracking control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear stochastic switched systems. An improved performance technique is developed to restrain the fluctuation at the moment of switches and a new algorithm is proposed to address the funnel‐like prescribed tracking problem. First, a dynamic gain‐based switched K‐filter is constructed to estimate the unmeasured state information of the switched system. Subsequently, the performance technique is applied to prescribe output tracking error and restrain fluctuations of the system. Thereafter, the dynamic output feedback switched controller is designed by the use of the backstepping method. Moreover, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved strictly that all signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are bounded in probability if the switching signal satisfies the average dwell time. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 4‐ and 6‐(1H‐Pyrrol‐1‐yl) Coumarins, and their Thiocyanato Derivatives
Authors: Brites Nathan P. , Dilelio Marina C. , Martins Guilherme M. , Carmo Gabriele do , Morel Ademir F. , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Silveira Claudio C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFacile and efficient syntheses of 4‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐coumarins and 6‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐coumarins from the corresponding aminocoumarins are reported. The transformations were optimized and their corresponding scope and limitations were assessed. Selected (1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐coumarins were further subjected to a mild thiocyanation, undergoing selective functionalization on the pyrrole nucleus. A set of 10 differently substituted compounds was submitted to activity testing against various fungal strains. It was found that the introduction of a SCN moiety increased the antifungal activity, turning some compounds into fungicidal agents, to the point that one of the thiocyanato derivatives displayed an antifungal profile comparable to those of fluconazole and nystatin.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN): An Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Diversely Functionalized Biscoumarins in Aqueous Medium under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Begam Sanchari 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn alternative green protocol for the synthesis of a series of biologically relevant biscoumarin derivatives, 3,3′‐(arylmethylene)bis(4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one) (3), has been developed from a one‐pot pseudo‐three component reaction between 4‐hydroxycoumarin (1) and diverse aromatic aldehydes (2) using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a cheap, eco‐friendly and reusable catalyst in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. The salient features of this protocol are the use of readily available low‐cost and environmentally benign catalyst, use of water as green reaction media, clean reaction profile, high atom‐economy, column‐free purification avoiding the use of toxic organic solvents, large‐scale synthetic applicability, and good to excellent yields.
Neutral, Zwitterion, Ionic Forms of 5‐Aminoisophthalic Acid in Cocrystals, Salts and Their Optical Properties
Authors: Singh Munendra Pal , Tarai Arup , Baruah Jubaraj Bikash 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDifferent ionic and zwitterionic forms of amphoteric 5‐aminoisophthalic acid were observed in the self‐assemblies of five salts and in a cocrystal. The presence of these forms of the molecule caused differences in respective local environments, which were reflected in corresponding absorption and emission spectra in solid state. Dianion of the acid was observed in hydrated 1:2 salt with 6‐methylpyridin‐2‐amine whereas the salt of 5‐methylthiazol‐2‐amine had the zwitterionic anion. The mono‐anion of the 5‐aminoisophthalic acid was observed in the salt of 4,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐2‐amine. The self‐assembly of the 1:1 cocrystal of caffeine with 5‐aminoisophthalic acid had neutral form of the acid and the cationic form of the acid was observed in the perchlorate and bromide salts. DFT‐calculation with using CAMB3LYP functional with 6–31+G (d,p) as basis set in gas‐phase showed that different HOMO‐LUMO gaps of the neutral, cation and anion forms and these were reflected in the corresponding UV‐visible spectra of the salt. The changes in intra‐molecular charge transfer (ICT) fluorescence emissions in solid samples due to the different ionic forms were demonstrated.
Atmospheric moisture transport and the decline in Arctic Sea ice
Authors: Gimeno Luis , Vázquez Marta , Eiras‐Barca Jorge , Sorí Rogert , Algarra Iago , Nieto Raquel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article contains a review of the transport of moisture to the Arctic and its effect on Arctic Sea Ice Extent (SIE). The review includes a synthesis of our knowledge regarding the main sources supplying moisture to the Arctic, the changes experienced over the last few decades due to variations in the transport of moisture, the factors that control interannual variability, and the inherent contrast in the mechanisms related to the effect of changes in moisture transport on SIE in the Arctic. We note that the precise identification of the moisture sources for the Arctic depends both on the definition of the Arctic region itself and on the approach used to identify the sources, with the remote regions over the extratropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans being universally important, as are some continental areas over Siberia and North America. This review also reaffirms the absence of any clear agreement regarding the trends in atmospheric moisture transport to the Arctic, and highlights discrepancies between different data sets and approaches in the quantification of moisture transport, implying that its long‐term impact on the intensification of the hydrological cycle in the Arctic remains unclear. We confirm the influence of the major modes of climate variability, planetary circulation patterns, and the changes in cyclonic activity in the variability of moisture transport to the Arctic. We reaffirm that the effect of moisture transport on the Arctic SIE through changes in humidity, cloud cover, and precipitation over the Arctic is a complex scientific problem that requires further detailed study over the decades to come, and we propose some important challenges for future research.This article is categorized under:Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Subjective emotional arousal: an explorative study on the role of gender, age, intensity, emotion regulation difficulties, depression and anxiety symptoms, and meta-emotion
Authors: Deckert Matthias , Schmoeger Michaela , Auff Eduard , Willinger Ulrike 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSubjective emotional arousal in typically developing adults was investigated in an explorative study. 177 participants (20–70 years) rated facial expressions and words for self-experienced arousal and perceived intensity, and completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS-D). Exclusion criteria were psychiatric or neurological diseases, or clinically relevant scores in the HADS-D. Arousal regarding faces and words was significantly predicted by emotional clarity. Separate analyses showed following significant results: arousal regarding faces and arousal regarding words constantly predicted each other; negative faces were predicted by age and intensity; neutral faces by gender and impulse control; positive faces by gender and intensity; negative words by emotional clarity; and neutral words by gender. Males showed higher arousal scores than females regarding neutral faces and neutral words; for the other arousal scores, no explicit group differences were shown. Cluster analysis yielded three distinguished emotional characteristics groups: “emotional difficulties disposition group” (mainly females; highest emotion regulation difficulties, depression and anxiety scores; by trend highest arousal), “low emotional awareness group” (exclusively males; lowest awareness regarding currently experienced emotions; by trend intermediate arousal), and a “low emotional difficulties group” (exclusively females; lowest values throughout). No age effect was shown. Results suggest that arousal elicited by facial expressions and words are specialized parts of a greater emotional processing system and that typically developing adults show some kind of stable, modality-unspecific dispositional baseline of emotional arousal. Emotional awareness and clarity, and impulse control probably are trait aspects of emotion regulation that influence emotional arousal in typically developing adults and can be regarded as aspects of meta-emotion. Different emotional personality styles were shown between as well as within gender groups.
The Role of Peers in the Development of Social Anxiety in Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pickering Leanne , Hadwin Julie A. , Kovshoff Hanna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pathways to social anxiety often reflect a set of complex and interacting factors that include both intrinsic and environmental factors. Theoretical models of social anxiety have highlighted that children and adolescents’ peer experiences can increase risk for social anxiety. This systematic review explored the role of peers in the development of social anxiety in adolescent girls. It aimed to identify peer-related risk factors (i.e., peer acceptance, peer attachment, friendship quality, peer support, and victimisation) that place adolescents at risk for social anxiety, and to highlight those that are specific to girls. The findings showed that while low peer acceptance was significantly associated with increased social anxiety for boys and girls, limited close friendships, negative friendship experiences and relational victimisation were highlighted as risk factors specific to girls. The review suggested that researchers might usefully start to develop frameworks that capture generic, as well as gender-specific risk for social anxiety in adolescence. These will enable the development of prevention and intervention methods to support girls at increased risk and that focus on improving the quality of peer relationships.
Authoritarian resilience through top-down transformation: making sense of Myanmar's incomplete transition
Authors: Ruzza Stefano , Gabusi Giuseppe , Pellegrino Davide 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStarting from the imperfect nature of Myanmar's democracy, this paper aims to answer two questions. First, can Myanmar's transition be defined as a case of democratization, or is it, rather, a case of authoritarian resilience? To state this differently: is the progress enjoyed by Myanmar's polity the outcome of an ongoing process that is supposed to lead to a fully fledged democracy, or, rather, an attempt to enshrine elements of authoritarian governance under a democratic guise? Second, if the balance leans towards the latter instead of the former, how did authoritarian resilience work in Myanmar? The transition is analysed from a long-term perspective, moving from the 1988 pro-democracy uprising up to the most recent events. Data were collected from available published sources and from three fieldworks conducted by the authors in Myanmar. The paper concludes that Myanmar's transition is better understood as a case of authoritarian resilience than as democratization and highlights three core traits of Myanmar's authoritarian resilience: first, the very top-down nature of the political transformation; second, the incumbents’ ability to set the pace of political reform through the use of repression and political engineering; and third, the divide-and-rule strategy used as a means to keep contestations separated and local.
Geometric morphometrics to interpret the endophytic egg-laying behavior of Odonata (Insecta) from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Romero-Lebrón Eugenia , Gleiser Raquel M. , Petrulevičius Julián F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough the order Odonata has a rich fossil record, many questions about its reproductive biology remain unanswered. There are two strategies of egg laying among odonates, exophytic and endophytic, the latter being one of the most revealing vestiges of plant–insect association in the fossil record. We assessed whether geometric morphometrics based on elliptical series of Fourier allow expression of variability of shape in traces of Odonata eggs within a leaf ofEucalyptus chubutensis(Berry) González (in part), González, 2009 (Myrtaceae) from Laguna del Hunco (Chubut, Argentina) (early Eocene) and whether this variability is consistent with the ichnotaxonomy of this material. We found that the largest variation corresponds to the compression of the shape while the remaining two components reflect variations in the apex position and its curvature, which changed according to the relative position of the traces in the leaf. There was no evidence that the hardness of the leaf would affect the shape of the egg trace. We postulate that these traces could have been produced by one single female: Variations in the pattern observable in the fossil of an originally three-dimensional structure are consistent with differences in the position of the eggs inserted by a single female who has flexed her abdomen to insert the eggs as she approaches the apex of the leaf (behavior observed also in extant dragonflies). For the first time, endophytic egg traces are analyzed with geometrical morphometrics, and this allows us to make inferences on the oviposition behavior of a female that lived around 52 million years ago.
Abortion, Abandonment, and Positive Rights: The Limits of Compulsory Altruism
Authors: Long Roderick T. 
Published: May 2019

We began with three propositions: that people have a right not to be treated as mere means to the ends of others, that a woman who voluntarily becomes pregnant nevertheless has the right to an abortion, and that a woman who voluntarily gives birth does not have a right to abandon her child until she finds a substitute caretaker. These propositions initially seemed inconsistent, for the prohibition on treating others as mere means appeared to rule out the possibility of positive rights, thus making it impossible to countenance the right to abort or the right not to be abandoned (both of which, it was argued, are positive in form).But we have seen that the prohibition on treating people as mere means to the ends of others is best understood as ruling out basic positive rights while permitting derivative ones. Since a willing mother is responsible for bringing her child into the world in the first place, she cannot abandon it without violating its negative right not to be killed, and so such a child has a derivative positive right not to be abandoned. A pregnant woman, on the other hand, has a negative right not to have her body invaded, and from this negative right derives a positive right to abort her fetus, so long as doing so is not disproportionate to the seriousness of the threat (as it is not in the case of involuntary pregnancy, or of pregnancy which has become involuntary). Therefore, far from being in conflict, propositions (1), (2), and (3) have been shown to be in harmony with one another, the latter two being plausibly grounded in the first. Insofar as we have reason to accept (1), then, we have reason to accept (2) and (3). Moreover, we have seen that a proper understanding of (1) allows us to embed (2) and (3) in a larger moral perspective in which the limits of compulsory altruism are firmly drawn: enforceable rights to the use or assistance of others may be allowed into the moral domain only if they are “sponsored” by some negative right. Every putative positive right must find such a sponsor, or perish.
Prevention and Management of Late Stage Complications in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Jon Stoessl A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:The major complications of therapy in PD are motor, autonomic and psychiatric. Motor complications may be associated with altered striatal bioavailability of levodopa, and may in part respond to changes in timing of drug administration, redistribution of dietary protein and the use of controlled-release preparations. Since long-term complications seem to be associated with higher cumulative doses of levodopa, the early use of adjunctive agents such as deprenyl and/or dopamine agonists is encouraged. Autonomic effects include impaired bladder and bowel function, impotence and postural hypotension. If conservative measures are ineffective, pharmacotherapy with domperidone, fludrocortisone, indomethacin or adrenergic agents may be required. Depression in PD is associated with decreased levels of noradrenaline and 5-HT and responds to tricyclic antidepressants. Drug-induced psychosis reflects stimulation of mesolimbic-cortical dopamine receptors. Alternatives include reduction of medication, the use of atypical neuroleptics (which may act at novel subtypes of the dopamine receptor) and electroconvulsive therapy.
Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Antagonist in Murine Motoneuron Disease (The Wobbler Mouse)
Authors: Krieger Charles , Perry Thomas L. , Hansen Shirley , Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Honoré Tage 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Recent evidence has suggested a potential role for involvement of excitatory amino acids (EAA) in the pathogenesis of the neuron loss in motoneuron diseases. We have examined the ability of an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to halt or retard the progression of neurological symptoms in a murine form of motoneuron disease. The wobbler mouse is an autosomal recessive mutant which develops progressive neurological symptoms secondary to motoneuron loss. Treatment of wobbler mice with the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,l 1-dihydro-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5, 10-imine maleate (MK-801) did not retard neurological deterioration as assessed by a semiquantitive clinical scale. We conclude that NMDA receptor activation is probably not involved in the pathogenesis of motoneuron loss in the wobbler mouse.