bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twelve‐year follow‐up of chronic pain in twins: Changes in environmental and genetic influence over time
Authors: Burri A. , Ogata S. , Rice D. , Williams F. M. K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile genetic influences on chronic pain have been repeatedly demonstrated, we do not know whether these effects are stable or dynamic over time.AimsTo determine the temporal pattern of genetic and environmental effects to individual differences in chronic pain over 12 years, we use a sample of n = 961 female twins.MethodsData on chronic pain were collected in 2004 (T1) and 2016 (T2) using the same comprehensive body map which divides the body into 31 distinct anatomical areas. Multivariate twin analyses for repeated measures were conducted to track changes in genetic and environmental influences.ResultsHeritability for chronic pain was 63% at baseline and 55% at follow‐up. The best‐fitting AE Cholesky model revealed one genetic factor explaining 62% of variance in chronic pain at T1 and 11% at T2. No additional genetic factors explaining the variance in chronic pain at T2 could be detected. Furthermore, a unique environmental factor (E1) explaining 37% of the variance in chronic pain at T1 and 12% at T2 and an additional environmental factor (E2) explaining 77% of the variance at T2 were found.ConclusionWe demonstrate for the first time that the same genetic influences are operative over time and that novel environmental factors are important in pain maintenance. The findings highlight the value of more in depth exploration of these non‐shared environmental influences that could provide clues to the mechanisms behind remittance and/or maintenance of chronic pain. The identification of important environmental influences could point to novel therapeutic interventions in future.SignificanceThe variability in chronic pain is mainly explained by new environmental factors influencing incidence, aggravation and/or chronic pain remission. Integration of these findings may provide a useful conceptual framework for the treatment and prevention of pain and pain chronification.
Uptake of iron by Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM 5422 cultivated in a whey‐based medium
Authors: Löser Christian , Haas Christiane , Liu Wanqiong , Grahl Sebastian , Bley Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ability of Kluyveromyces marxianus for converting lactose into ethyl acetate offers a chance for the economical reuse of whey. Iron plays a significant role in this process as ester synthesis requires a low intracellular iron content, xFe. The iron content in turn is decreased by growth due to cell expansion and increased by iron uptake. Thus, the iron‐uptake rate, ψ, is important for the considered process. Iron uptake by K. marxianus DSM 5422 was studied in aerobic cultivation on a whey‐borne medium with varied initial iron content, in part combined with a feed of iron under intensive growth conditions. A possible precipitation of iron that would pretend iron uptake was verified not to have occurred. Regularly measured dissolved iron concentrations, CFe,L, allowed the xFe and ψ parameters to be obtained by model‐based iron balancing. The achieved data were used for establishing a ψ(CFe,L, xFe) model. Mathematical simulations based on this iron‐uptake model reproduced the performed cultivation processes. The created iron‐uptake model allows for a future predictive system to be developed for the optimization of biotechnological ester production.
Lignocellulose degradation: An overview of fungi and fungal enzymes involved in lignocellulose degradation
Authors: Andlar Martina , Rezić Tonči , Marđetko Nenad , Kracher Daniel , Ludwig Roland , Šantek Božidar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis review aims to present current knowledge of the fungi involved in lignocellulose degradation with an overview of the various classes of lignocellulose‐acting enzymes engaged in the pretreatment and saccharification step. Fungi have numerous applications and biotechnological potential for various industries including chemicals, fuel, pulp, and paper. The capability of fungi to degrade lignocellulose containing raw materials is due to their highly effective enzymatic system. Along with the hydrolytic enzymes consisting of cellulases and hemicellulases, responsible for polysaccharide degradation, they have a unique nonenzymatic oxidative system which together with ligninolytic enzymes is responsible for lignin modification and degradation. An overview of the enzymes classification is given by the Carbohydrate‐Active enZymes (CAZy) database as the major database for the identification of the lignocellulolytic enzymes by their amino acid sequence similarity. Finally, the recently discovered novel class of recalcitrant polysaccharide degraders‐lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are presented, because of these enzymes importance in the cellulose degradation process.
Extraneurological sparing in long‐lived typical Lafora disease
Authors: Goldsmith Danielle , Minassian Berge A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryLafora disease (LD) clinically appears in previously healthy teenagers as progressively worsening seizures, myoclonus, dementia, and ultimately a vegetative state leading to death within a decade of its onset. Here we present a typical case of LD in which the patient survived until the age of 40. Although the patient's brain was severely affected, other organs remained functional until her death. The field of LD research is approaching potentially curative therapies (eg, with antisense oligonucleotides or gene replacement) targeting only the central nervous system (CNS). Our case provides anecdotal evidence suggesting that a patient with typical LD can retain full bodily health aside from the effects of neurological damage.
Der Schrank in der Ostwand
Authors: Perlich Barbara , Hurlbeck Julia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVollkommen unerwartet haben Bauforscher und Denkmalpfleger in Erfurt einen privaten jüdischen Betraum aus dem 13. Jahrhundert entdeckt. Das erste nachweisbare Ensemble dieser Art nördlich der Alpen verrät manches über jüdische Alltagsfrömmigkeit im Mittelalter.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscular and Intravenous Ketamine in Children
Authors: Hornik Christoph P. , Gonzalez Daniel , van den Anker John , Atz Andrew M. , Yogev Ram , Poindexter Brenda B. , Ng Kee Chong , Delmore Paula , Harper Barrie L. , Melloni Chiara , Lewandowski Andrew , Gelber Casey , Cohen‐Wolkowiez Michael , Lee Jan Hau ,   Pediatric Trial Network Steering Committee
Published: April 2018

AbstractKetamine is an N‐methyl D‐aspartate receptor antagonist used off‐label to facilitate dissociative anesthesia in children undergoing invasive procedures. Available for both intravenous and intramuscular administration, ketamine is commonly used when vascular access is limited. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data in children are sparse, and the bioavailability of intramuscular ketamine in children is unknown. We performed 2 prospective PK studies of ketamine in children receiving either intramuscular or intravenous ketamine and combined the data to develop a pediatric population PK model using nonlinear mixed‐effects methods. We applied our model by performing dosing simulations targeting plasma concentrations previously associated with analgesia (>100 ng/mL) and anesthesia awakening (750 ng/mL). A total of 113 children (50 intramuscular and 63 intravenous ketamine) with a median age of 3.3 years (range 0.02 to 17.6 years), and median weight of 14 kg (2.4 to 176.1) contributed 275 plasma samples (149 after intramuscular, 126 after intravenous ketamine). A 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption following intramuscular administration and first‐order elimination described the data best. Allometrically scaled weight was included in the base model for central and peripheral volume of distribution (exponent 1) and for clearance and intercompartmental clearance (exponent 0.75). Model‐estimated bioavailability of intramuscular ketamine was 41%. Dosing simulations suggest that doses of 2 mg/kg intravenously and 8 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg intramuscularly, depending on age, provide adequate sedation (plasma ketamine concentrations >750 ng/mL) for procedures lasting up to 20 minutes.
Developmental plasticity in reptiles: Insights into thermal and maternal effects on chameleon phenotypes
Authors: Andrews Robin M. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTEmbryonic environments affect a range of phenotypic traits including sex and reproductive success. I determined (1) how the interaction between incubation temperature and egg size affects sex allocation of Chamaeleo calyptratus and (2) how incubation temperature and maternal parent (clutch) affect water uptake by eggs and body size, growth, and climbing speed of hatchlings and juveniles. Eggs from five clutches were exposed to five temperature treatments with clutches replicated within and among treatments. Temperature affected sex, but only when egg size was included as a factor in analyses. At intermediate (28°C) temperatures, daughters were more likely to be produced from large eggs and sons more likely to be produced from small eggs, while at 25 and 30°C, the pattern of sex allocation was reversed. Temperature and clutch affected water uptake and body size. Nonetheless, the direction of temperature and clutch effects on water uptake by eggs and on the size of hatchlings were not the same and the direction of temperature effects on body sizes of hatchlings and juveniles differed as well. Clutch affected hatchling size but not juvenile size and growth rate. Clutch, but not incubation temperature, affected climbing speed, but the fastest hatchlings were not from the same clutches as the fastest juveniles. The independent effects of incubation temperature and clutch indicate that hatchling phenotypes are influenced largely by conditions experienced during incubation, while juvenile phenotypes are influenced largely by conditions experienced in the rearing environment.
The effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, loyalty, and happiness in five Asian countries
Authors: Gong Taeshik , Yi Youjae 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis research investigates and validates the cross‐national applicability of a service quality model in five Asian countries: China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. The objectives of this research are to establish whether or not a service quality model can be conceptualized in the same way across Asian countries and to explore whether or not scores on the items can be meaningfully compared among the Asian countries. The findings show that overall service quality has a positive influence on customer satisfaction, which in turn leads to customer loyalty and customer happiness and that the general pattern of structural paths is valid in the five countries. Furthermore, the comparisons of paths show that most of them are not significantly different across the five countries. The results of this study reveal four key findings. First, customer well‐being or happiness was driven by service quality. Second, customer loyalty was driven by service quality across the five Asian countries, demonstrating that the economic values of service quality could be applied to Asian countries just as they are in North American and European countries. Third, customer satisfaction was driven by service quality. Fourth, customer income increased the effect of service quality on customer happiness via customer satisfaction in China, Hong Kong, and South Korea.
Direct and cytokine‐mediated effects of albumin‐fused growth hormone, TV‐1106, on CYP enzyme expression in human hepatocytes in vitro
Authors: Czerwiński Maciej , Amunom Immaculate , Piryatinsky Victor , Hallak Hussein , Sahly Yousif , Bar‐Ilan Oren , Bolliger Paul , Bassan Merav 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSome biologics can modulate cytokines that may lead to changes in expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and cause drug‐drug interactions (DDI). DDI potential of TV‐1106—an albumin‐fused growth hormone (GH)—was investigated. In this study, human blood was exposed to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) or TV‐1106, followed by isolation of the plasma and its application to human hepatocytes. While the treatment of blood with rhGH increased multiple cytokines, treatment of blood with TV‐1106 had no effect on any of the nine cytokines tested. The interleukin (IL)‐6 concentration was higher in the rhGH then in the TV‐1106‐treated plasma (P < .05). While rhGH had little or no effect on CYP1A2 or CYP2C19 mRNA but increased CYP3A4 mRNA twofold, TV‐1106 had little or no effect on cytochrome P450 (CYP) mRNAs in hepatocytes. Although the plasma from rhGH‐treated blood lowered CYP1A2 activity, the TV‐1106 plasma had no effect on CYP activities. The CYP1A2 activity was lower in the rhGH‐ then in the TV‐1106‐plasma treated hepatocytes (P < .05). The results indicated that fusing GH with albumin made TV‐1106 an unlikely participant of CYP1A2, CYP2C19 or CYP3A4‐facilitated, direct or cytokine‐driven DDI.
Monetary policy rules and the equity risk premium: Evidence from theUSexperience
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Payne James E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study explores the role of monetary policy rules and central bank actions originating from such rules that directly affects the equity risk premium. The results indicate that monetary policy rules have a direct impact on the equity risk premium through investors’ appetite for risk and greater uncertainty faced by market participants. The analysis includes the pre‐ and post‐2008 financial crisis periods in finding that monetary policy actions had a much greater impact on the equity risk premium in the post‐2008 crisis period due in part to the funding conditions of banking intermediaries, thus exerting a greater impact on credit conditions during this period.
Optimising physiochemical control of invasive Japanese knotweed
Authors: Jones Daniel , Bruce Gareth , Fowler Mike S. , Law-Cooper Rhyan , Graham Ian , Abel Alan , Street-Perrott F. Alayne , Eastwood Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJapanese knotweed,Fallopia japonicavar.japonica, causes significant disruption to natural and managed habitats, and provides a model for the control of invasive rhizome-forming species. The socioeconomic impacts of the management of, or failure to manage, Japanese knotweed are enormous, annually costing hundreds of millions of pounds sterling (GBP£) in the UK alone. Our study describes the most extensive field-based assessment ofF. japonicacontrol treatments undertaken, testing the largest number of physical and/or chemical control treatments (19 in total) in replicated 225 m2plots over 3 years. Treatments focused on phenology, resource allocation and rhizome source–sink relationships to reduce the ecological impacts of controllingF. japonica. While no treatment completely eradicatedF. japonica,a multiple-stage glyphosate-based treatment approach provided greatest control. Increasing herbicide dose did not improve knotweed control, but treatments that maximised glyphosate coverage, e.g., spraying versus stem injection, and exploited phenological changes in rhizome source–sink relationships caused the greatest reduction of basal cover and stem density after 3 years. When designing management strategies, effective control ofF. japonicamay be achieved by biannual (summer and autumn) foliar glyphosate applications at 2.16 kg AE ha−1, or by annual application of glyphosate in autumn using stem injection at 65.00 kg AE ha−1or foliar spray at 3.60 kg AE ha−1. Addition of other herbicides or physical treatment methods does not improve control. This work demonstrates that considering phenology, resource allocation and rhizome source–sink relationships is critical for the control of invasive, rhizome forming species.
Vinorelbine-Cyclophosphamide compared to cyclophosphamide in peripheral blood stem cell mobilization for multiple myeloma
Authors: Mel Sanjay de , Chen Yunxin , Lin Adeline , Soh Teck Guan , Ooi Melissa , Yap Eng Soo , Donato Lara Kristina Sioco , Halim Nurul Aidah Abdul , Mah Joanna , Lim Karen , Poon Li Mei , Tan Belinda , Yelly  , Lim Hui Li , Koh Liang Piu , Tai Bee Choo , Chen Zhaojin , Chng Wee Joo , Gopalakrishnan Satish Kumar , Tan Lip Kun 
Published: April 2018

Background:
High dose Cyclophosphamide (Cy) and Vinorelbine Cyclophosphamide (Vino-Cy) are stem cell (SC) mobilisation options for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We present a comparison of mobilisation outcomes using these regimens.

Patients and methods:
Vino-Cy patients received Vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on day 1, cyclophosphamide 1500 mg/m2 on day 2, and pegylated GCSF on day 4 or GCSF 10 mcg/kg/day from day 4 onwards. Cy patients were given cyclophosphamide 4000 mg/m2 on day 1 and GCSF10 mcg/kg/day from day 5 onwards. The target CD34 + SC collection was 5 × 106 per kg/BW.

Results:
149 patients were included. SC collection was lower in the Vino-Cy group (8.20 × 106/Kg BW) compared to the Cy group (11.43 × 106/Kg BW), with adjusted geometric mean ratio of 0.59 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.86, p = 0.006). Time taken to achieve an adequate PB SC count was shorter for Vino-Cy (9 ± 1 day compared to 12 ± 2 days for Cy, adjusted absolute mean difference –3.95, 95% CI –4.85 to –3.06, P < .001). Mobilisation related toxicities (in particular, neu-tropaenic fever) were greater for Cy.

Conclusion:
Vino-Cy is a potential alternative to Cy given the need for effective mobilisation protocols with acceptable toxicity.
Rapid clinical diagnostic variant investigation of genomic patient sequencing data with iobio web tools
Authors: Ward Alistair , Karren Mary A. , Di Sera Tonya , Miller Chase , Velinder Matt , Qiao Yi , Filloux Francis M. , Ostrander Betsy , Butterfield Russell , Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Dere Willard , Marth Gabor T. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionComputational analysis of genome or exome sequences may improve inherited disease diagnosis, but is costly and time-consuming.MethodsWe describe the use of iobio, a web-based tool suite for intuitive, real-time genome diagnostic analyses.ResultsWe used iobio to identify the disease-causing variant in a patient with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with prior nondiagnostic genetic testing.ConclusionsIobio tools can be used by clinicians to rapidly identify disease-causing variants from genomic patient sequencing data.
Local Intellectuals: Lacito Okech and the Production of Knowledge in Colonial Acholiland
Authors: Otim Patrick W. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:In 1953, Lacito Okech, a precolonial royal messenger, Christian convert, and colonial chief, became the first Acholi to write and publish a history of his people. The book was instantly popular, inspiring many other Acholi to write histories of their respective chiefdoms. However, although these works constitute the bulk of vernacular Acholi histories, scholars have not paid attention to them, partly because of language limitations and partly due to limited scholarly interest in the history of the region. This article uses Okech’s life and book to explore important questions about the production of local history in colonial Acholiland. In particular, it explores Okech’s adroit manipulation of his complex circumstances at the intersection of the roles of messenger, convert, and colonial employee, his dilemmas as a local historian, and the influence of his roles as an intermediary between the Acholi on the one hand and the Church Missionary Society and the colonial regime on the other on his writing of history.
HUMAN RIGHTS, THE CYPRUS PROBLEM AND THE IMMOVABLE PROPERTY COMMISSION
Authors: Erdem Meliz , Greer Steven 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article critically examines the role of the Immovable Property Commission, established in 2005 by the ‘Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus’ under pressure from the European Court of Human Rights, to redress losses sustained by Greek Cypriots who fled south when the island was partitioned in the mid-1970s. While the Commission has been a modest success, proceedings have been lengthy, its decisions lack transparency, there have been difficulties with restitution and exchange, and the payment of compensation has often been delayed. Corporate ownership and encumbrances, such as mortgages, have also proved problematic. But, whether it contributes negatively or positively to full resolution of the Cyprus problem, or makes no contribution at all, remains to be seen.
THE OWNERSHIP OF CONFISCATED PROCEEDS OF CORRUPTION UNDER THE UN CONVENTION AGAINST CORRUPTION
Authors: Moiseienko Anton 
Published: April 2018

AbstractArticle 51 of the United Nations Convention against Corruption sets forth the return of assets diverted through corruption as a fundamental principle of the Convention. This raises the question of whether the State where the stolen assets are located is entitled to refuse their repatriation or subject it to certain conditions. This article analyses the Convention and the policy considerations behind it and argues that such a State has a wider discretion over the return of stolen assets than is often thought. Furthermore, the article argues that the rule of law may be better served if States take vigorous action to confiscate the proceeds of corruption regardless of whether they are ultimately repatriated.
The Eclipse of Khurāsān in the twelfth century
Authors: Tor D.G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe province of Khurāsān constituted the centre of political, cultural, and religious life in the Sunni Islamic world from the ninth until the mid-twelfth century, after which Khurāsān was completely eclipsed. The question of how this occurred has remained almost completely unstudied; and the one study that there is does not consult the key primary literary sources for the time. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to re-examine what the primary sources reveal about the catastrophic cultural and political eclipse of Khurāsān in the mid-twelfth century, in order to demonstrate that this catastrophe was not due to “climate, cotton and camels” – in fact, Khurāsān was doing very well until the 1150s – but to concrete human agency and action: namely, the province's destruction by the rampaging Oghuz Turkmens after Sultan Sanjar had been taken captive by them in 1153, thus leading directly to the downfall of the Great Seljuq Sultanate.
How China Promotes Its Military Officers: Interactions between Formal and Informal Institutions
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Jingyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHow does China promote its military officers? We present a qualitative study on the determinants (connections versus performance) of the selection of military officers. Drawing on 48 in-depth interviews with serving and retired military officers, we argue that the inability of the rule-based personnel system to assess candidate performance (professional competence and political integrity) leads to the rise of the informal institution ofguanxi– a Chinese version of personal connections – in promoting military officers.Guanxiboth substitutes for and competes with the formal personnel system. Information received throughguanxinetworks is used by superiors to evaluate subordinates’ professional competence and political integrity.Guanxiis also used by corrupt officers to distort democratic procedures and facilitate the buying and selling of military positions. We conclude that the co-existence of a rule-based personnel system andguanxileads superiors to promote competent candidates within theirguanxinetworks.