bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated femoral version estimation without the distal femur
Authors: Veilleux Nathan J. , Kalore Niraj V. , Wegelin Jacob A. , Vossen Josephina A. , Jiranek William A. , Wayne Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTFemoral version impacts the long‐term functioning of the femoroacetabular joint. Accurate measurements of version are thus required for success in total hip arthroplasties and hip reconstructive surgeries. These are impossible to obtain without visualization of the distal femur, which is often unavailable preoperatively as the majority of imaging scans are isolated to the pelvis and proximal femur. We developed an automated algorithm for identifying the major landmarks of the femur. These landmarks were then used to identify proximal axes and create a statistical shape model of the proximal femur across 144 asymptomatic femora. With six proximal axes selected, and 200 parameters (distances and angles between points) from the shape model measured, the best‐fitting linear correlation was found. The difference between true version and version predicted by this model was 0.00 ± 5.13° with a maximum overestimation and underestimation of 11.80 and 15.35°, respectively. The mean absolute difference was 4.14°. This model and its prediction of femoral version are a substantial improvement over pre‐operative 2D or intra‐operative visual estimation measures. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3161–3168, 2018.
Energy and Fat Intake for Preterm Infants Fed Donor Milk Is Significantly Impacted by Enteral Feeding Method
Authors: Castro Marina , Asbury Michelle , Shama Sara , Stone Debbie , Yoon Eugene W. , O'Connor Deborah L. , Unger Sharon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground: Pasteurized donor milk is the recommended supplement for preterm infants when mother's milk volumes are insufficient. Compared with mother's milk, the macronutrient content of donor milk is thought to be lower due to pasteurization and additional container changes during processing. Given that poor growth is concerning for preterm infants, it is important to understand how processing and feeding methods influence the nutrition composition of donor milk feeds. The research aim of this study was to determine the effects of pasteurization and feeding method on the macronutrient and energy composition of donor milk. Ten donor milk pools were pasteurized, prepared according to neonatal practices, and infused through nasogastric tubes to simulate 4 feeding methods: bolus, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and continuous feeding over 4 hours. Macronutrient concentrations were assessed after pasteurization, preparation, and each feeding method using a mid‐infrared human milk analyzer. Results: There were no significant decreases in macronutrient content after pasteurization or bolus feeding. However, energy and fat losses increased with slower infusion rates. After continuous feeding for 4 hours, energy and fat concentrations decreased by a mean of 17.3 (15.8–18.8) kcal/dL and 2.08 (1.90–2.25) g/dL (P < .0001), respectively. Conclusions: Pasteurization did not significantly reduce donor milk macronutrient and energy content; however, feeding method significantly impacted the final delivery of energy and fat.
A cross‐sectional survey to assess the knowledge, attitudes and common barriers to the reporting of adverse drug reactions by the general public in Malaysia
Authors: Mohammad Arief , Bheemavarapu Harika , Khan Muhammad Umair , Khan Anam , Ahmad Akram , Hassali Mohamed Azmi Ahmed , Blebil Ali Qais 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAn adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a noxious and unintended response to a drug which occurs at a normal therapeutic dose. Most non‐dose related ADRs remain unpredicted and increase morbidity and mortality. Despite the introduction, in Malaysia, of a spontaneous ADR reporting system, a sizable number of ADR cases remain under‐reported.ObjectiveTo assess the knowledge and attitudes of consumers toward ADRs, and to determine the common barriers toward reporting an ADR in Malaysia.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional study was carried out for a period of 3 months in Cheras, Malaysia. The data were collected by a self‐administered questionnaire consisting of four sections.ResultsAmong the 400 respondents, 144 (36%) were male and 256 (64%) were female. The majority of the respondents were Chinese (n = 227, 57%) and 54.5% of them were treated with a medication in the past year. About 60.75% (n = 243) of participants reflected inadequate knowledge when asked what is an ADR. A sizable number of the participants (n = 333, 83%) were unaware of the ADR reporting centre in Malaysia, and about 86% (n = 344) stated that they were not aware of the ADR reporting procedure. The main reasons as considered by the participants for under‐reporting an ADR were inadequate knowledge regarding the drugs (n = 395, 87.4%), unawareness of the reporting procedure (n = 320, 80%), lack of an online process to report an ADR (n = 299, 75%), and other significant factors such as lack of time, incentives, proper advertisement, motivation and uncertainty of an ADR, with percentages of 62 (n = 248), 50 (n = 201), 80.5 (n = 322), 78 (n = 312) and 83 (n = 331) respectively.ConclusionAs most of the participants were still unaware about the availability of the ConSERF form which was introduced by the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) in 2015, healthcare providers, as well as the Malaysian Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee, need to improve public education regarding this system. The public awareness about the availability of various methods of the ADR reporting can help improve ADR reporting by consumers.
Deglaciation of coastal south‐western Spitsbergen dated with in situ cosmogenic 10Be and 14C measurements
Authors: Young Nicolás E. , Lamp Jennifer , Koffman Toby , Briner Jason P. , Schaefer Joerg , Gjermundsen Endre F. , Linge Henriette , Zimmerman Susan , Guilderson Thomas P. , Fabel Derek , Hormes Anne 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe Svalbard–Barents ice sheet was predominantly a marine‐based ice sheet and reconstructing the timing and rate of its decay during the last deglaciation informs predictions of future decay of marine‐based ice sheets (e.g. West Antarctica). Records of ice‐sheet change are routinely built with cosmogenic surface exposure ages, but in some regions, this method is complicated by the presence of isotopic inheritance yielding artificially old and erroneous exposure ages for the most recent deglaciation. We present 46 10Be ages from south‐western Spitsbergen that, when paired with in situ 14C measurements (n = 5), constrain the timing of coastal deglaciation following the last glacial maximum. 10Be and in situ 14C measurements from bedrock along a ∼400‐m elevation transect reveal inheritance‐skewed 10Be ages, whereas in situ 14C measurements constrain 400 m of ice‐sheet thinning and coastal deglaciation at 17.4 ± 1.5 ka. Our in situ 14C‐dated transect, combined with three additional 10Be‐dated coastal sites, show that the south‐western margin of the Svalbard–Barents ice sheet retreated out of the Norwegian Sea between ∼18 and 16 ka. In situ 14C measurements provide key chronological information on ice‐sheet response to the last termination in cases where measurements of long‐lived nuclides are compromised by isotopic inheritance.
On the criteria for the discrimination of inkjet printer inks using micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Buzzini Patrick , Polston Carrie , Schackmuth Madison 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInkjet printers are ubiquitous devices in our society. Therefore, it is not surprising that they are used to commit different types of illicit activities such as threats or extortions by means of anonymous letters, frauds in the context of disputed contracts, alterations to or counterfeit of ID documents, or counterfeit of currency banknotes. This latter application is of primary interest in this study, where a method to rapidly develop investigative leads is required. Inkjet printed documents produce microscopic colored dots that can be detected using a microscopical approach in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy. The overall goal of this project is to investigate if Raman data gathered from the three cyan, magenta, and yellow microscopic colored dots constitute, in conjunction, a chemical signature of sufficient discriminating quality to provide reliable investigative leads in a time‐effective and nondestructive manner. In the present phase of this study, the criteria necessary to achieve discriminations between inkjet printer inks from different manufacturers, the same manufacturers, and even the same models have been evaluated on a set of 11 samples. Although Raman spectroscopy is already a relatively well‐established method for the characterization of colorants (both dyes and pigments), this study demonstrates that the contribution of minor peaks within Raman spectra improves the discriminating capabilities of the technique. The joint consideration of the three colored components was also effective in differentiating inkjet printer ink samples, especially those from the same manufacturer and in some instances from the same model as well.
Ageing of ancient paper: A kinetic model of cellulose degradation from Raman spectra
Authors: Chiriu Daniele , Ricci Pier Carlo , Cappellini Giancarlo , Salis Marcello , Loddo Giorgia , Carbonaro Carlo Maria 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, the degradation of cellulose is investigated with particular attention to the breaking of glucose chain units. Based on the analysis of the Raman spectra of experimental samples, public and private collections of books covering a period of seven centuries (XV–XXI), and literature data on cellulose, a successful kinetic model was proposed with the intention to correlate an estimated ageing time with the degradation process of cellulose. Raman spectra were collected by means of portable non‐destructive NIR μ‐Raman spectroscopy (B&W TEK i‐Raman Ex integrated system), a valuable characteristic for monitoring documentary heritage. The model was successfully applied to study the conservation conditions of books of a public library, evidencing how conservation conditions and use affect the ageing. The kinetic model promotes Raman spectroscopy as a very useful tool for conservation and restoration of ancient books and papers.
Cleaning Efficiency of Amino‐Acid Surfactants with Polyoxyethylene Ether and Isopropanol in Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wang Zhanyan , Yu Simiao , Wei Junnan , Qiao Weihong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough anionic surfactants have a distinct positive influence on the removal of particulate soil, the removal of particulate soils is insufficient in CO2 compared to perchloroethylene. A series of amino‐acid surfactants was selected as main surfactants to study the influence of polyoxyethylene ether and cosolvent on the cleaning effect. Glu‐C12 and C16(3) gave the best cleaning results, which increased from a detergency value of 4.6 when no surfactants were used to 8.32 when surfactants were used. In all experiments, charged anionic surfactant particles were formed, which are responsible for the removal of particulate soil from fabric by electrostatic repulsion. The use of a cosolvent (Isopropanol [IPA]) had a positive effect on the removal of particulate soil when using Glu‐C12 and TX‐45. However, for other compounding combinations, the addition of IPA had a negative effect on particulate soil removal. Of the cosolvents investigated, IPA was the most suitable. With the polarity of the system increasing after adding IPA, the ethylene oxide groups of TX‐45 were partially extended to CO2. Through the steric effects of branched methyl groups, the cleaning effect was improved.
Effects of Rheological Behavior of Viscoelastic Surfactants on Formation Damage in Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Mahmoud Mohamed , Hanfi Mohammed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractViscoelastic surfactants (VES) are used in various oilfield applications such as matrix stimulation and enhanced oil recovery. The loss of surfactants during the propagation of VES could result in a significant reduction in the permeability of the rock (formation damage). The objective of the current work was to identify the effect of rheological behavior of the VES on the formation damage using core‐flooding experiments, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. A combination of core‐flooding, NMR, and SEM techniques was used to quantify and identify the location of formation damage in carbonate core samples. The viscosity and storage modulus strongly depend on the nature and concentration of salts. The viscosity increased by increasing the salt concentration up to a specific point (15 wt% CaCl2) and then starts decreasing. The VES formulations that displayed the maximum and minimum viscosities were used to identify the impact of rheological behavior on formation damage. Core‐flooding experiments were performed to assess the formation damage due to high‐viscosity and low‐viscosity VES formulations. The reduction in the permeability of carbonate rocks reaches more than 90% of the initial permeability. It was found that low‐viscosity VES caused more damage compared with high‐viscosity VES when they were used at constant concentrations. NMR and core‐flooding results revealed that the damage took place both in pore body and pore throat. However, most of the surfactant was retained at the pore throat.
Lower expression of tumor microRNA‐26a is associated with higher recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing surgical treatment
Authors: Jones Keaton R. , Nabinger Sarah C. , Lee Sangbin , Sahu Smiti Snigdha , Althouse Sandra , Saxena Romil , Johnson Mathew S. , Chalasani Naga , Gawrieh Samer , Kota Janaiah 
Published: August 2018

Background and ObjectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) exhibit lower tumor microRNA‐26a (miR‐26a) expression which is associated with worse outcomes. It is unknown if similar miR‐26a loss occurs in HCC developed in other liver diseases. We examined tumor miR‐26a expression and its impact on recurrence and mortality in a North American HCC cohort.MethodsMiR‐26a levels from tumor and surrounding nontumor liver tissue in 186 subjects were collected. We defined lower tumor expression of miR‐26a as <1‐fold that of the adjacent nontumor liver tissue.ResultsViral hepatitis (42%; 40% hepatitis C and 2% HBV), alcohol (19%), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (18%) were the most common causes of liver disease. The prevalence of lower tumor miR‐26a expression was 68%, and it was evident in HCCs arising in all etiologies (viral hepatitis 60%, alcohol 61%, and NAFLD 76%). Subjects with lower tumor miR‐26a expression had significantly higher tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 5.1; P = 0.016) and higher mortality of borderline significance (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 2.41; P = 0.086).ConclusionReduced miR‐26a expression is a common phenomenon in HCC arising in North American patients with different underlying liver diseases and may increase recurrence and mortality after surgery.
Fluorescent molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for selective and rapid detection of ciprofloxacin in aquaculture water
Authors: Wu Chunxia , Cheng Rujia , Wang Jixiang , Wang Yunyun , Jing Xuan , Chen Rongru , Sun Lin , Yan Yongsheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFluorescent molecularly imprinted nanoparticles have shown great promise in the field of chemical analysis or detection because of their high stability, selectivity, and sensitivity. In this work, fluorescent molecularly imprinted nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation polymerization employing fluorescein isothiocyanate as luminescent material, which could efficiently and rapidly detect ciprofloxacin in water samples. The prepared fluorescent molecularly imprinted nanoparticles had remarkable stability and good selectivity with the method detection limit low to 4.04 nm. In addition, the fluorescent‐imprinted nanoparticles were capable of identifying the target with high detection efficiency and were applied to the detection of ciprofloxacin in aquaculture water with complex composition. All these would provide the direct monitoring of ciprofloxacin in environmental water with a promising fluorescent imprinting strategy.
Carcass age and searcher identity affect morphological assessment of sex of bats
Authors: Nelson David M. , Nagel Juliet , Trott Regina , Campbell Caitlin J. , Pruitt Lori , Good Rhett E. , Iskali Goniela , Gugger Paul F. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTCarcasses provide an important resource for assessing the vulnerability of bat species and sexes to threats, but the reliability of sex data derived from the external morphology (sexmorph) of bat carcasses remains uncertain. We used genetic‐based assessment of sex (sexgen) to evaluate the effect of carcass age and searcher identity on sexmorph‐based assessments of eastern red (Lasiurus borealis) and hoary (Lasiurus cinereus) bat carcasses identified by 15 different searchers at a wind‐energy facility. The proportion of carcasses for which sexmorph was unknown increased from 0.11 for those recovered within a day of death, to 0.56 within 2–3 days of death, and to ≥0.82 at ≥4 days after death. The proportion of carcasses for which sexmorph was correct decreased from 0.9 for those recovered within a day of death, to 0.65 within 2–3 days of death, and to 0.25 at ≥4 days after death. The proportion of sexmorph misidentifications of the 108 fresh carcasses (collected within 24 hours of death) varied (0.0–0.43) among searchers. These results suggest that sexmorph‐based assessments should be limited to fresh carcasses. Furthermore, additional training of people who collect and identify bat carcasses from renewable‐energy facilities may improve the accuracy of sexmorph data obtained from carcasses. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
The impact of flexibility on flow, turbulence, and vertical mixing in coastal canopies
Authors: Abdolahpour Maryam , Ghisalberti Marco , McMahon Kathryn , Lavery Paul S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhysical modeling of canopy‐flow interactions has mostly employed rigid model vegetation, whereby the canopy geometry (i.e., its height and frontal area) is invariant and easily quantified. Here, we demonstrate that embedding realism in model vegetation, in the form of buoyancy and flexibility, can profoundly impact the structure of the flow and rates of vertical mixing in wave‐dominated conditions. A laboratory investigation was undertaken with two types of model canopy: (1) rigid canopies consisting of wooden dowels, and (2) flexible, buoyant model plants designed to mimic meadows of the seagrass Posidonia australis. To isolate the impact of flexibility, the maximum heights and frontal areas of the two types of canopy were matched. These canopies were subjected to oscillatory flows with a realistic range of wave heights and periods. Drag reduction caused by the reconfiguration of flexible canopies leads to a greatly diminished velocity attenuation in the canopy (by, on average, 65%). The reduced average height of flexible canopies shifts the canopy shear layer toward the bed, resulting in significantly enhanced levels of near‐bed turbulence. Finally, a decreased vertical diffusivity (by approximately 35%) was observed in the flexible model canopies, relative to the rigid analogues. Thus, while the use of dynamically scaled vegetation adds complexity to modeling efforts, it represents a step toward a more accurate quantitative understanding of flow and mixing in these environments.
A universal bacterial inoculum for dissolved organic carbon biodegradation experiments in freshwaters
Authors: Pastor Ada , Catalán Núria , Nagar Nupur , Light Tricia , Borrego Carles M. , Marcé Rafael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) is one of the largest biologically available sources of organic C in aquatic ecosystems, and its dynamics have implications for local and global C cycling. Usually, DOC biodegradation is assessed in laboratory incubations using native microbial communities as inoculum. The use of native inocula might hamper the comparability of biodegradation rates across systems and obstructs the identification of other controls on DOC biodegradation. Here, we propose the use of the Standardized Bacterial Inoculum (SBI) in experiments of freshwater DOC degradation that would allow for the assessment of the potential degradability of DOC and identification of the drivers of degradation without interferences from the diverse metabolic capabilities of native communities. The SBI is composed of six bacterial strains that grow easily under laboratory conditions and showed better DOC degradation performance than the single strains separately. The SBI performance was tested on simple C sources, humic acids, and natural organic matter from a range of freshwater ecosystems. The fraction and rates of C‐substrates degradation by the SBI was consistently replicated under oxic and anoxic conditions. Moreover, DOC degradation rates by the SBI were equivalent to those of the native communities. Finally, the SBI consumed up to 31% of natural DOC from a variety of lakes, rivers, and peatlands over a 28‐d period. Overall, the use of the SBI in future DOC degradation experiments will improve comparability among studies and will allow for the separation of effects caused by intrinsic DOC properties from those caused by heterogeneous microbial assemblages.
Synthesis of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐Block‐Poly(tert‐Butyl Methacrylate) Block Copolymer by Visible Light–Induced Metal‐Free Atom Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Xu YangYang , Li Gaocan , Hu Yanfei , Wang Yunbing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most powerful methodologies for polymerization. Well‐controlled ATRP of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) could be obtained in organic‐water mixture solvent with conventional metal catalyst/ligand catalyst system. However, the mixture solvent is not suitable for copolymerization of NIPAAm with hydrophobic monomers. Moreover, further purification of metal was required for biomedical polymerization. Here, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is synthesized by visible light–induced metal‐free ATRP using a photoredox catalyst. PNIPAAm is obtained with high conversion and controlled molecular weight with low dispersity. Moreover, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate) (PNIPAAm‐b‐PMAA) block copolymer can be synthesized by such metal‐free ATRP. PNIPAAm‐b‐PMAA can be obtained by following hydrolysis.