bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagic regulation of platelet biology
Authors: Luo Xu‐ling , Jiang Jin‐yong , Huang Zhen , Chen Lin‐xi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlatelets, developed from megakaryocytes, are characterized by anucleate and short‐life span hemocyte in mammal vessel. Platelets are very important in the cardiovascular system. Studies indicate the occurrence of autophagy platelets and megakaryocytes. Moreover, abnormal autophagy decreases the number of platelets and suppresses platelet aggregation. In addition, mitophagy, as a kind of selective autophagy, could inhibit platelet aggregation under oxidative stress or hypoxic, whereas promote platelet aggregation after reperfusion. Finally, autophagy regulates hemorrhagic and thrombosis diseases by influencing the number and function of platelets. In this paper, the role of autophagy in platelets and megakaryocytes, as well as coupled with the promotive or inhibitory role of hemorrhagic and thrombosis diseases are elucidated. Therefore, autophagy may be a potentially therapeutic target in modulating the platelet‐related diseases.
Bacterial hyaluronic acid production through an alternative extraction method and its characterization
Authors: Güngör Gökhan , Gedikli Serap , Toptaş Yağmur , Akgün Dilber E , Demirbilek Murat , Yazıhan Nuray , Aytar Çelik Pınar , Denkbaş Emir B , Çabuk Ahmet 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was produced using Streptococcus equi ssp. equi via an optimized Central Composite Design process, with purification by an alternative extraction method. Determinations of molecular weight, cytotoxicity, viscosity; proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflection (FTIR‐ATR) analyses were provided.RESULTSThe HA yield obtained was up to c. 12 g L−1 under the reaction conditions of pH 7.8, 33 °C incubation temperature, 24 h incubation time and 187 rpm agitation rate. According to gel permeation chromatography results, HA has an average molecular weight of 79 416 Da. FTIR‐ATR analysis showed that the spectrum of the standard HA sample overlapped with the spectrum obtained from this study.CONCLUSIONIn this study, higher titer production of HA was obtained with a simple and economical sequential process. Additionally, the results indicate that the HA produced is an appropriate biomaterial for medical applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the effects of a multiphysics ensemble on the simulation of an extremely hot summer in 2003 over the CORDEX‐EA‐II region
Authors: Yang Linyun , Wang Shuyu , Tang Jianping , Niu Xiaorui , Fu Congbin 
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we evaluate a 48‐member multiphysics ensemble using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the JJA extreme precipitation and temperature in 2003 over the CORDEX‐EA‐II domain. The simulated precipitation and temperature are reasonable in the subregions controlled by a large‐scale circulation, yet the biases for both precipitation and temperature are evident over the subregions where the effects of mesoscale processes are important. The performance of various combinations of WRF physical schemes for simulating the JJA precipitation is dependent on the region. Meanwhile, the cumulus and microphysical schemes have substantial influences on the simulation of precipitation, and the land surface models and cumulus schemes play crucial roles in the surface temperature. Our analysis shows that the combination of Noah for the land surface process, Lin for the microphysics, G3D for the cumulus parameterization, and CAM for the radiation scheme can provide the most reliable reproduction of both precipitation and temperature extremes over China.Ensemble analysis shows that the simulated climate extremes are usually accompanied by a large ensemble spread, implying sensitivities to the model physical processes in some subregions. The simulated wind fields at low‐to‐middle atmospheric levels display responses to the options of the land surface models and cumulus schemes. The essential impact of the land–atmospheric interaction on simulating the extremes can be largely attributed to the active convective processes. WRF has difficulties in reproducing the observed temporal evolution of the rainfall process, which consists of continuous large rainfall episodes in the observation data set during the simulation period.
Assessing Patient Preferences for Intestinal Failure Management Using the Time Trade‐Off Methodology
Authors: Carey Sharon , Tu Wendy , Hyde‐Jones Lynn , Koh Cherry 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited management options available for people with Type III intestinal failure (IF), with home parenteral nutrition (HPN) being the main treatment option. The aim of this research is to compare patient preferences in managing Type III IF using time trade‐off (TTO) methodology and to determine which factors have the greatest impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsAn interviewer‐administered telephone survey was conducted on a cross‐sectional cohort of 19 HPN participants. The survey was designed to measure HRQoL using a TTO methodology. Four different treatment options were presented, and participants decided how many years of life they would trade to have access to the treatment and hence a different health state. The 4 scenarios included reduction in line infections, optimization of care, small bowel growth (teduglutide), and intestinal transplantation. Health state utility scores were calculated.ResultsThe median health utility score for optimization of care and small bowel growth (teduglutide) were lowest (0.5; range 0–1) meaning a greater desire for this treatment. Intestinal transplant had the highest median utility score (1.0; range 0–1) indicating less willingness for this treatment option.ConclusionsThis is the first known study to use TTO methodology assessing treatment options in people with IF requiring HPN. Results indicate people requiring HPN make careful decisions when considering treatment options. Facilities providing HPN services should focus on optimization of current care, which is highly valued by their patients.
On a nonlinear hybrid method for multiscale analysis of a bearing‐capacity test of a real‐scale segmental tunnel ring
Authors: Zhang Jiao‐Long , Mang Herbert A. , Liu Xian , Yuan Yong , Pichler Bernhard 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA nonlinear hybrid method is developed for multiscale analysis of a bearing‐capacity test of a real‐scale segmental tunnel ring subjected to point loads. The structural analysis consists of two parts. Part I refers to modeling of bending‐induced tensile cracking of the segments, resulting from the external loading. The segments are subdivided into elements, according to the crack spacing. Each element is either intact or contains one central crack band, flanked by lateral undamaged domains. A multiscale model for tensile softening of concrete is used to describe the progressive deterioration of the crack bands. After iterative determination of their state of damage, the effective bending and extensional stiffnesses of the corresponding elements are quantified by means of Voigt‐Reuss‐Hill estimates. The effective stiffnesses are used for linear‐elastic simulations of the segmental tunnel ring. Part II refers to the relative rotation angles at the joints, which are estimated from monitoring data, using the Bernoulli‐Euler hypothesis. Since the validity of this hypothesis is questionable for neck‐like joints, the relative rotation angles are post‐processed such that they refer to rigid body displacements of the segments. The following conclusions are drawn: The presented approach yields good estimates of crack widths. Relative rotation angles at the joints mainly result in rigid body displacements of the segments, governing the convergences. Because realistic interface models are lacking, hybrid analysis based on displacement‐monitoring data allows for performing ultimate‐load analysis of segmental tunnel rings.
Identifying clusters from multidimensional symptom trajectories in postpartum women
Authors: Paul Sudeshna , Corwin Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTDepressive symptoms, stress, fatigue, and lack of sleep are often experienced by women in the perinatal period and are potential contributors to adverse maternal and child health outcomes. To explore the evolution of symptoms and identify groups of women of similar severity and patterns, we utilized clustering of multidimensional symptom trajectories. In an observational study data were collected from pregnant women in the 3rd trimester (36 weeks prenatal) and in the postnatal period at weeks 1 and 2 as well as at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 6‐months postpartum. Depressive symptoms and maternal stress were measured using the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. Self‐reported duration of sleep and levels of fatigue also were collected. A model‐based clustering approach was used to classify women by their symptom severity. The sample included 151 pregnant women with a 6‐month follow‐up. Two clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 43) comprised women with fewer depressive symptoms, less perceived stress, lower likelihood of being fatigued, increased sleep duration and a negative trend in EPDS (β = −0.05, CI [−0.09, −0.001]), and PSS (β = −0.09, CI [−0.17, −0.01]). Cluster 2 (n = 108) comprised women with higher EPDS and PSS scores, increased likelihood of fatigue and lower sleep duration with a positive trend in sleep hours (β = −0.02, CI [0.01, 0.03]). Pro‐inflammatory markers interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α were associated with longer sleep duration and fewer depressive symptoms, respectively. Using this methodology in maternal and child health research can potentially predict women's risk of developing severe symptoms and help clinicians provide timely interventions.
Preparation of phenyl‐modified natural rubber in latex stage
Authors: Choothong Nuorn , Shioyama Shintaro , Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Kawahara Seiichi 
Published: February 2019

Phenyl‐modified natural rubber was prepared in latex stage by bromination of deproteinized natural rubber followed by Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. First, the bromination of natural rubber was carried out using N‐bromosuccinimide in latex stage. The bromine atom content increased as amount of N‐bromosuccinimide increased. Second, the allylic bromine atom was replaced with a phenyl group using phenyl boronic acid in the presence of a palladium catalyst, according to the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction in latex stage. The resulting products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Signal at 7.13 ppm was assigned to the phenyl group of the product, while signals at 3.98, 4.14, and 4.44 ppm were assigned to the remaining allylic brominated cis‐1,4‐isoprene units. The estimated phenyl group content and the conversion of the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction were 1.32 and 23.7 mol%, respectively. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of deproteinized natural rubber increased from −62°C to −46.7°C, when the phenyl group was introduced into the rubber.
A modified polyvinylchloride surface with antibacterial and antifouling functions
Authors: Almousa Rashed , Wen Xin , Na Sungsoo , Anderson Gregory , Xie Dong 
Published: February 2019

Surfaces with antibacterial and hydrophilic properties are very attractive to cardiovascular applications. The objective of this study was to synthesize and immobilize a novel antibacterial and hydrophilic polymer onto surface of polyvinylchloride via an effective and mild surface coating technique. The surface coated with a terpolymer constructed with N‐vinylpyrrolidone, 3,4‐dichloro‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone derivative, and succinimide residue was evaluated with cell adhesion, bacterial adhesion, and bacterial viability. 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and two bacteria species were used to evaluate surface adhesion and antibacterial activity. Results showed that the polymer‐modified polyvinylchloride surface exhibited not only significantly decreased 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion with a 66% to 87% reduction but also significantly decreased bacterial adhesion with 69% to 87% and 52% to 74% reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus attachment, respectively, as compared with original polyvinylchloride. Furthermore, the modified polyvinylchloride surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial functions by inhibiting bacterial growth (75%‐84% and 78–94% inhibition of P aeruginosa and S aureus, respectively, as compared to original polyvinylchloride) and killing bacteria. These results demonstrate that covalent polymer attachment conferred antifouling and antibacterial properties to the polyvinylchloride surface.
DHX15 is up‐regulated in castration‐resistant prostate cancer and required for androgen receptor sensitivity to low DHT concentrations
Authors: Xu Yadong , Song Qiong , Pascal Laura E. , Zhong Mingming , Zhou Yibin , Zhou Jianhua , Deng Fang‐Ming , Huang Jiaoti , Wang Zhou 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundDHX15 is a member of the DEAH‐box (DHX) RNA helicase family. Our previous study identified it as an AR coactivator which contributes to prostate cancer progression.MethodsWe investigated DHX15 expression in castration resistant prostate cancer specimens and the influence of DHX15 on the responsiveness of prostate cancer cells to DHT stimulation. We also explored the role DHX15 played in enzalutamide resistance and the interacting domain in DHX15 with AR. DHX15 expression level in human CRPC specimens and prostate cancer specimens was detected by tissue microarray (TMA) immunostaining analysis. Colony formation assay was performed to determine the proliferation of cells treated with enzalutamide or DHT. siRNAs were used to knockdown DHX15. The interactions between DHX15 and AR were detected using co‐immunoprecipitation assay.ResultsThe expression level of DHX15 was upregulated in human CRPC specimens compared with hormone naïve prostate cancer specimens. DHX15 knockdown reduced AR sensitivity to low DHT concentrations in C4‐2 cells. Inactivation of DHX15 sensitizes the enzalutamide treatment in C4‐2 cells. Deletion mutagenesis indicated that DHX1 5 interacts with AR through its N terminal domain.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that DHX15 contributes to prostate cancer progression. DHX15 is required for androgen receptor sensitivity to low DHT concentrations and contributes to enzalutamide resistance in C4‐2 cells. Targeting DHX15 may improve the ADT treatment.
Functional Evolution of Proteins
Authors: Catazaro Jonathan , Caprez Adam , Swanson David , Powers Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe functional evolution of proteins advances through gene duplication followed by functional drift, whereas molecular evolution occurs through random mutational events. Over time, protein active‐site structures or functional epitopes remain highly conserved, which enables relationships to be inferred between distant orthologs or paralogs. In this study, we present the first functional clustering and evolutionary analysis of the RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) based on similarities between active‐site structures. All of the ligand‐bound proteins within the RCSB PDB were scored using our Comparison of Protein Active‐site Structures (CPASS) software and database (http://cpass.unl.edu/). Principal component analysis was then used to identify 4431 representative structures to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the CPASS comparative scores (http://itol.embl.de/shared/jcatazaro). The resulting phylogenetic tree identified a sequential, step‐wise evolution of protein active‐sites and provides novel insights into the emergence of protein function or changes in substrate specificity based on subtle changes in geometry and amino acid composition.
Gallium selenide clusters generated via laser desorption ionisation quadrupole ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Pečinka Lukáš , Prokeš Lubomír , Havel Josef 
Published: February 2019

RationaleGallium selenide thin films important for electronics and phase‐change materials are prepared via pulsed laser deposition (PLD); however, there are no studies concerning the analysis of gallium selenide clusters formed in the gas phase. Laser desorption ionisation (LDI) combined with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS) has great potential to generate charged GamSen clusters, to analyse them and thus to develop new materials.MethodsLDI of Ga‐Se mixtures using a pulsed laser (337 nm nitrogen) was used to generate gallium‐selenide clusters. Mass spectra were recorded (in positive and negative ion mode) on a TOF mass spectrometer equipped with a quadrupole ion trap and reflectron mass analyser.ResultsGa‐Se mixtures were found to be suitable for laser ablation synthesis (LAS) of gallium selenide clusters, although their composition was strongly dependent on the laser energy. The effect of laser energy on the stoichiometry of the generated clusters was established. In total, over 100 gallium selenide GamSen clusters were generated and identified from Ga‐Se mixtures. LDI of Ga2Se3 crystals showed almost the same clusters up to m/z 1000 with lower intensities, whereas no clusters from Ga2Se3 were observed above m/z 1000.ConclusionsA family of over 100 gallium selenide clusters, generated and identified for the first time, shows rich and complex chemistry. Some of the clusters represent new compounds that have the potential to be used in the development of advanced materials.
Cinchona Alkaloids in the Synthesis of Chiral Salts of Phosphorus Dithioacids on the Basis of 1,2:3,4‐Di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐galactopyranose
Authors: Nizamov Ilyas S. , Shumatbaev Georgiy G. , Nizamov Ilnar D. , Salikhov Ramazan Z. , Nikitin Yevgeniy N. , Shulaeva Marina P. , Pozdeev Oscar K. , Batyeva Elvira S. , Cherkasov Rafael A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOptically active dithiophosphoric and dithiophosphonic acids were obtained by the reactions of 1,2:3,4‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐galactopyranose with tetraphosphorus decasulfide or Lawesson's reagent respectively. The reactions of dithiophosphoric and dithiophosphonic acids with 8 S,9R‐quinine, 8R,9 S‐quinidine, 8 S,9R‐cinchonidine, 8R,9 S‐cinchonine, and 8R,9 S‐hydroquinidine result in chiral salts of dithiophosphoric and dithiophosphonic acids. Antimicrobial activity of products obtained was tested.
Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity of Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Nandanwar Sondavid K. , Kim Hak Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeaths caused by cancer and bacterial infection necessitate the development of new and potential compounds with desired properties that could circumvent the problem of chemo resistant cancer and bacteria. The present review focuses on potent transition metal complexes with tunable activity against cancer cells and multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Mechanistically, transition metal complexes induce cell accumulation in the G2 phase, as well as DNA breakage and endoplasmic reticulum stress that inhibit the growth of cancerous cells. Parallelly, redox‐active, cationic transition metal complexes induce oxidative stress on bacteria and disrupt the microbial cell membrane. The MIC of some transition metal complexes were in the low micromolar range while some of the transition metal complexes show higher antibacterial activity compared to those of clinically used antibiotics. Here the potential and future of this class of metallodrugs, either as anticancer or antimicrobial agents, is discussed.
Bifunctional Conducting Polymer Coated CoFe2O4 Core‐Shell Nanolayer on Carbon Fiber Cloth for 2.0 V Wearable Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Song Kun , Wang Xin , Wang Jun , Zhang Bin , Yang Rui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, a flexible supercapacitor with high storage properties, it is no longer concerned because of its low voltage window. Here, we design and synthesize CoFe2O4 nanoparticles grow on Carbon Fiber Cloth (CFC) via a mild hydrothermal and spay the ultra‐conductive polymer Poly (3,4‐ ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) on the surface of CoFe2O4 nanolayer. The as‐fabricated PEDOT:PSS /Fe2O3‐CNTs /CFC and PEDOT:PSS/CoFe2O4/CFC electrodes as the negative and positive pseudocapacitor electrode show an excellent capacitance of 426 and 472.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, respectively. An aqueous flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (AFAS) at 2.0 V and achieve well specific capacitance of 181.3 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and the maximum energy density is 25.17 Wh kg−1 at power density of 620.7 W kg−1. To the aqueous flexible asymmetric supercapacitor, both positive and negative electrodes are important for the electrochemical performance. The power storage capacity per unit area of two electrodes should be similar, because the area of negative and positive electrode of flexible asymmetric supercapacitor must be similarity. The advantages of AFAS, according to its low‐cost, high capacitances and simple fabrication process, show that AFAS can be one of the excellent candidate flexible asymmetric supercapacitor for next‐generation high‐performance supercapacitors.
Asymmetric Catalysis within the Chiral Confined Space of Metal–Organic Architectures
Authors: Li Xuezhao , Wu Jinguo , He Cheng , Meng Qingtao , Duan Chunying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe effective synthesis of chiral compounds in a highly enantioselective manner is obviously attractive. Inspired by the enzymatic reactions that occur in pocket‐like cavities with high efficiency and specificity, chemists are seeking to construct catalysts that mimic this key feature of enzymes. Recent progress in supramolecular coordination chemistry has shown that metal–organic cages (MOCs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with chiral confined cavities/pores may offer a novel platform for achieving asymmetric catalysis with high enantioselectivity. The inherent chiral confined microenvironment is considered to be analogous to the binding pocket of enzymes, and this pocket promotes enantioselective transformations. This work focuses on the recent advances in MOCs and MOFs with chiral confined spaces for asymmetric catalysis, and each section is separated into two parts based on how the chirality is achieved in these metal–organic architectures. A special emphasis is placed on discussing the relationship between the enantioselectivity and the confined spaces of the chiral functional MOCs and MOFs rather than catalytic chemistry. Finally, current challenges and perspectives are discussed. This work is anticipated to offer researchers insights into the design of sophisticated chiral confined space‐based metal–organic architectures for asymmetric catalysis with high enantioselectivity.
Porous Cobalt–Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets with Active Cobalt Ions for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Xiao , Li Zhe , Wu De‐Yao , Shen Gu‐Rong , Zou Chengqin , Feng Yi , Liu Hui , Dong Cun‐Ku , Du Xi‐Wen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLow‐cost and high‐performance catalysts are of great significance for electrochemical water splitting. Here, it is reported that a laser‐synthesized catalyst, porous Co0.75Ni0.25(OH)2 nanosheets, is highly active for catalyzing overall water splitting. The porous nanosheets exhibit low overpotentials for hydrogen evolution reaction (95 mV@10 mA cm−2) and oxygen evolution reaction (235 mV@10 mA cm−2). As both anode and cathode catalysts, the porous nanosheets achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an external voltage of 1.56 V, which is much lower than that of commercial Ir/C‐Pt/C couple (1.62 V). Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that numerous Co3+ ions are generated on the pore wall of nanosheets, and the unique atomic structure around Co3+ ions leads to appropriate electronic structure and adsorption energy of intermediates, thus accelerating hydrogen and oxygen evolution.