bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivations for enrollment in a COVID-19 ring-based post-exposure prophylaxis trial: qualitative examination of participant experiences
Authors: Brisson Julien , Balasa Rebecca , Bowra Andrea , Hill David C. , Doshi Aarti S. , Tan Darrell H. S. , Perez-Brumer Amaya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Ring-based studies are a novel research design commonly used for research involving infectious diseases: contacts of newly infected individuals form a ring that is targeted for interventions (e.g., vaccine, post-exposure prophylaxis). Given the novelty of the research design, it is critical to obtain feedback from participants on their experiences with ring-based studies to help with the development of future trials.

Methods
In 2021, we conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with adult participants of a COVID-19 ring-based post-exposure prophylaxis trial based in Canada. We applied a purposive sampling approach and electronically recruited participants who tested positive for COVID-19 (Index Cases) and either agreed or declined for the study team to contact their potentially exposed contacts. We also included individuals who participated in the trial after being potentially exposed to an Index Case (known as Ring Members), and those who declined to participate after potential exposure. The methodological design of semi-structured interviews allowed participants to share their opinions and experiences in the trial (e.g., elements they enjoyed and disliked regarding their participation in the study).

Results
The majority of participants in our study were women (62%) and the average age was 37.3 years (SD = 13.2). Overall, participants reported being highly satisfied with partaking in the ring-based trial. Notably, no substantial complaints were voiced about the trial’s design involving contact after exposure. The most common reason of satisfaction was the knowledge of potentially helping others by advancing knowledge for a greater cause (e.g., development of potential treatment to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection). Other reasons were curiosity about participating in a trial, and an activity to fill free time during the pandemic. A central element of dislike was confusion about instructions with the trial (e.g., independent at home SARS-CoV-2 testing). Additionally, maintaining confidentiality was a crucial concern for participants, who sought assurance that their data would not be shared beyond the scope of the study.

Conclusions
Our results have the potential to inform future research, including clinical trials such as ring-based studies, by incorporating insights from participants’ experiences into the development of study protocols. Despite some protocol-related challenges, participants expressed high satisfaction, driven by the desire to advance science and potentially aid others.
Comprehensive evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of NiTi orthodontic wires coated with silver nanoparticles and nanocomposites: an in vitro study
Authors: Abdallah Omnia M. , Sedky Youssef , Shebl Heba R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Fixed orthodontic appliances act as a niche for microbial growth and colonization. Coating orthodontic wires with antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanocomposite was adopted in this study to augment the biological activity of these wires by increasing their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties and inhibiting bacterial infections that cause white spot lesions and lead to periodontal disease.

Methods
Three concentrations of biologically synthesized AgNPs were used for coating NiTi wires. The shape, size, and charge of the AgNPs were determined. Six groups of 0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi orthodontic wires, each with six wires, were used; and coated with AgNPs and nanocomposites. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of these coated wires were tested against normal flora and multidrug-resistant bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates). The surface topography, roughness, elemental percentile, and ion release were characterized.

Results
AgNPs and nanocomposite coated NiTi wires showed significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The chitosan-silver nanocomposite (CS-Ag) coated wires had the greatest bacterial growth inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The surface roughness of the coated wires was significantly reduced, impacting the surface topography and with recorded low Ni and Ag ion release rates.

Conclusions
NiTi orthodontic wires coated with AgNPs, and nanocomposites have shown increased antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, with decreased surface roughness, friction resistance and limited- metal ion release.
Protocol for leading health services innovation: a hybrid type 2 mixed method implementation trial for developing and assessing a codesigned graduate certificate program in health innovation
Authors: Kosiol Jennifer , Avery Mark , Silvester Tracey , Smyth Michaela , Sanger Georgina , Purdy Jonathan , Alford Stewart , Byrnes Joshua , Bialocerkowski Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
A significant issue with innovative problem-solving in healthcare is an existing deficiency in continuing education for many healthcare professionals, which hinders the successful implementation of inventive solutions and progress in the field. Educators play a crucial role in guiding students to cultivate the knowledge and skills necessary to confront these challenges, including problem solving, collaboration, and the use of rapidly advancing technologies. It is vital to design educational programs that empower and motivate students to develop the proficiency and knowledge they need to be effective problem solvers, collaborators, and cultivators of innovative solutions. This project aims to assess the implementation and effectiveness of a codesigned postgraduate university program for a multidisciplinary health workforce.

Methods
The Leading Health Services Innovation Project is a hybrid type 2 mixed method implementation trial of a codesigned Graduate Certificate in Health Services Innovation. In collaboration with a large tertiary and quaternary health service, we developed a codesign process to guide the project, with time quarantined to create space for two-way learning between health sector partners and healthcare academics. Qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys for primary users will evaluate the implementation strategies. The reach, effectiveness, adoption implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework will guide the evaluation and maintenance of the program.

Results
Integrating a codesign strategy complemented by a well-structured implementation and evaluation protocol that is a combination of implementation science theoretical frameworks (Knowledge to Action, Evidence-Based Co-design, RE-AIM) may lead to translational competence as a potential outcome.

Anticipated outcomes
The application, resourcing and commitment to codesigned tertiary-level learning and qualification will demonstrate the achievement of a contemporary and comprehensive postgraduate university degree program in health innovation management.
Knowledge, attitude, practices, and perceived barriers to using point-of-care ultrasound by Asian primary care physicians – a mixed method study
Authors: Ng Amy Pui Pui , Liu Kiki Sze Nga , Wong Zoey Cho Ting , Tang Zoe Ho Wai , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Dao Man Chi , Wu Chun Yu , Lam Tai Pong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Although research shows that point-of-care ultrasound is helpful in primary care, there is little research on point-of-care ultrasound use and the barriers to its use in Asia. This study estimated the prevalence of primary care physicians using point-of-care ultrasound in Hong Kong and assessed their perceived knowledge, attitude, practices, and barriers to using point-of-care ultrasound.

Study design
This was a mixed-method study: cross-sectional survey, followed by semi-structured interviews. Primary care physicians who were members of the Hong Kong College of Family Physicians and/or were clinical teachers affiliated with the Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care at the University of Hong Kong were invited to participate.

Results
A total of 330 and 14 completed the survey and interviews, respectively. The prevalence of respondents using point-of-care ultrasound was 22.5%. Perceived knowledge was fair (mean score: 1.9 out of 4; SD: 0.6). The attitudes were mostly positive (mean score: 3.0 out of 4; SD: 0.5). Majority stated that barriers to using point-of-care ultrasound were related to training (90.9%), the competence of point-of-care ultrasound skills (90.2%), and clinical support (89.5%). Qualitative data identified that most participants found point-of-care ultrasound useful; however, participants felt that its use was limited by their competence of point-of-care ultrasound and by factors related to their clinical practice.

Conclusions
Almost a quarter of respondents are using point-of-care ultrasound with a majority having positive attitudes. They lack confidence in their skills as knowledge is poor but simultaneously find training and clinic support limited.
Efficacy and diabetes risk of moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe versus high-intensity statin after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Choo Eun Ho , Moon Donggyu , Choi Ik Jun , Lim Sungmin , Lee Jungkuk , Kang Dongwoo , Hwang Byung-Hee , Kim Chan Joon , Lee Jong-Min , Yoo Ki-Dong , Jeon Doo Soo , Chang Kiyuk 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Backgrounds
High-intensity statin is recommended for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and ezetimibe is recommended to be added in patients not achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets. Moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe can reduce LDL-C levels similar to high-intensity statin. The aim of this study is to examine the long-term efficacy and safety of moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe as the first-line strategy compared to high-intensity statin in patients undergoing PCI.

Method
Data was obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database of South Korea. Patients who underwent PCI from 2012 to 2017 were included. The primary efficacy endpoint was major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), a composite of all-cause death, revascularization, or ischemic stroke. The safety endpoint was new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM).

Results
A total of 45,501 patients received high-intensity statin (n = 38,340) or moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe (n = 7,161). Among propensity-score-matched 7,161 pairs, MACCEs occurred in 1,460 patients with high-intensity statin and 1,406 patients with moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe (33.8% vs. 31.9%, hazard ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.89–1.03, P = 0.27) at a median follow-up of 2.7 years. DM was newly diagnosed in 398 patients with high-intensity statin and 342 patients with moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe (12.5% vs. 10.7%; hazard ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.73–0.97, P = 0.02).

Conclusion
In patients undergoing PCI, moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe demonstrated a similar risk of MACCEs but a lower risk of new-onset DM than high-intensity statin. Early combination treatment of moderate-intensity statin and ezetimibe may be a useful and safe lipid-lowering strategy after PCI.

Graphical abstract
Cumulative incidence according to the first-line lipid-lowering strategy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Abbreviation: MACCE, major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
Oral function status of older patients seeking dental implant treatment
Authors: Taue Risako , Osawa Tokiko , Uchida Yoshiki , Hayashi Myu , Kitakabu Kentaro , Sato Yuji , Furuya Junichi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In recent years, dental implant treatment has become an option for prosthetic treatment for missing teeth and is often performed in older patients. However, the complex oral functional decline in old age presents challenges in terms of frailty prevention, making oral function management after prosthetic treatment crucial. Nonetheless, the actual status of oral function in older patients seeking dental implant treatment remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess the oral function status of older patients seeking dental implant treatment.

Methods
Among patients receiving prosthetic treatment for missing teeth, 227 older patients (111 in the pre-dental implant group and 116 in the pre-bridge/denture group) who underwent a thorough examination of their oral function were included in this study. Age, sex, comorbidities, smoking status, number of functional teeth, and occlusal support status were obtained from the medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression (p < 0.05).

Results
Compared with the pre-bridge/denture group, the pre-dental implant group had significantly better oral hygiene, occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory function, and swallowing function and a significantly lower prevalence of oral hypofunction. Older age and decreased occlusal support were associated with the diagnosis of oral hypofunction, even after adjusting for confounding factors including prosthetic treatment.

Conclusions
Although older patients seeking dental implant treatment have a higher oral function than those seeking general prosthetic treatment, older age and a lower number of occlusal supports suggest that appropriate oral function management is needed.
Early behavioral indicators of aberrant feces in newly-weaned piglets
Authors: Witjes Vivian L. , Veldkamp Fleur , Velkers Francisca C. , de Jong Ingrid C. , Meijer Ellen , Rebel Johanna M. J. , Stegeman Jan A. , Tobias Tijs J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is a frequently occurring health and welfare issue in weaned piglets. Behavioral changes indicating impaired health may be detectable before the onset of signs and could be useful to detect the development of PWD early, enabling targeted and timely interventions. Current algorithms enable automated behavioral classification on the group level, while PWD may not affect all piglets in one pen and individual level analysis may be required. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether changes in pen activity or individual piglet behavior can be early indicators of the occurrence of PWD. During 3 replicated rounds, 72 piglets (Sus scrofa domestica, Landrace x Large White) weaned at 27 days of age, were housed in 4 pens with 6 piglets each. Individual fecal color and consistency were scored (0–5; ≥ 3 considered as aberrant feces) six times during the first two weeks post-weaning using rectal swabs. Additionally, using a similar scoring scale, feces on the pen floor were assessed daily. Two methods were applied for behavioral scoring. Individual behaviors (eating, drinking, standing, walking; n = 48) were scored manually and instantaneously with a five-minute interval from videos of the first two rounds, while pen activity (eating, drinking, moving; n = 12) was analyzed automatically and continuously using a commercially available algorithm from videos of all three rounds.

Results
Piglets showing a relatively higher proportion of standing behavior one day before fecal scoring had increased odds of an aberrant fecal color score (odds ratio (OR): 4.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5–15.3). Furthermore, odds of aberrant colored feces increased in pens where piglets showed more moving activity two days before (OR: 6.14; 1.26 < 95%CI < 29.84), which was also found for fecal consistency (OR: 4.77; 95%CI: 1.1–21.6).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that increased standing in individual piglets and an increased moving activity on the pen level may be important behavioral indicators of PWD before the onset of diarrhea. Further development of current algorithms that can identify behavioral abnormalities in groups, from the pen to the individual level, may therefore be a promising avenue for improved and targeted health and welfare monitoring.
Stepwise to clarify differentiation between pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and giant cell glioblastoma using p53, CD34 and KI67; clinicopathological hospital based study
Authors: Essa Abdelhakeem A. , Abd Elhakeem Ahmed Abd Esattar , Tayel Amr M. , Ismail Ahmad Abdalla 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Giant cell glioblastoma (GCGB) and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) are rare astrocytic neoplasms. Although they share certain histopathological and histochemical findings, they are characterized by different clinical behaviour and prognosis. Nevertheless, few cases remain uncertain, as their histopathological features and immunophenotypes do not correspond to the typical pattern either of GCGB or PXA and require additional immunohistochemical diagnostic measures for appropriate diagnosis.

Specific aims
We carried out this study to address the clinicopathological features of these neoplasms and to examine the expression profile of GFAP, synaptophysin, p53, CD34, and Ki67 proteins.

Results
The mean age of the patients was high in GCGB (mean ± SD:49 ± 16.9 years) as compared to PXA (mean ± SD: 29 ± 10.6 years) and APXA (mean ± SD:31 ± 11.5 years). GCGB was more common in women, whereas both PXA and APXA were more common in men. The preferential localization of these tumours was the parietal (GCGB and APXA), and temporal (PXA) lobes. Statistically significant different expressions of P53 (P value = 0.024) and CD34 (P value = 0.001) between PXA and GCGB aid in discrimination between these entities. Interestingly, the similar expression patterns of p53 and CD34 proteins in both GCGB and APXA suggest the presence of possible common molecular mechanisms in both of them.

Conclusions
Our work demonstrated that CD34 immunohistochemical expression is more pronounced in PXA, in contrast to p53 which is frequently expressed in GCGB, and APXA. The altered expression of p53, CD34 among GCGB, PXA, and APXA suggests possible roles of these proteins in the development of these neoplasms.
An Algorithm for the Microsurgical Resection of Cerebellar Cavernomas
Authors: Früh Anton , Mertens Robert , Nissimov Nitzan , Fekonja Lucius , Truckenmueller Peter , Hallek Laura , Schröder Nils , Kullick Maggy , Zdunczyk Anna , Wessels Lars , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Cavernous malformations (CMs) account for 8% to 15% of all cerebrovascular anomalies and pose clinical significance due to their potential to cause symptomatic hemorrhage, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. While the majority of CMs are located supratentorial, the less common posterior fossa, particularly cerebellar CMs (cCMs), pose a unique treatment challenge. This study aims to contribute to the understanding and management of cerebellar CMs, thereby assisting in the decision-making process for clinical interventions in this patient population.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who were treated for CMs from 2010 to 2023 at our tertiary healthcare facility. Patients with cCMs were further analyzed concerning their treatment strategy and functional outcome based on the modified Rankin Scale.

RESULTS:
Nine hundred fourteen patients with CMs were treated between 2013 and 2023 at our center. Among these subjects, 6.5% (n = 59) presented with cerebellar lesions. The median age was 54 [37-64] years, and 15 (25.4%) patients showed associated developmental venous anomalies. Nearly half of these patients (49.0%) were surgically treated. Surgical approaches were tailored and individualized to the specific CM location based on a treatment algorithm and encompassed supracerebellar-infratentorial, telovelar, suboccipital transcortical, retrosigmoid transcortical, and retrosigmoidal transhorizontal fissure approaches. Univariate analysis revealed no risk factors concerning postoperative morbidity. The surgically treated patients showed a significant improvement between preoperative and follow-up functional outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
cCMs are rare but frequently necessitate surgical intervention. This study enhances the current understanding of cCMs, underscoring the intricate challenges associated with their management. Differentiated algorithms with tailored approaches ensure the optimization of outcomes in the treatment of these challenging lesions.
Self-Reported Use of Prohibited Substances and Methods Among Athletes of the Brazilian Delegations
Authors: Waclawovsky Aline Josiane , Ramis Thiago Rozales , Lima Frederico Diniz , Schuch Felipe Barreto , Royes Luiz Fernando Freire 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Use of prohibited substances and methods (doping) by elite athletes is a complex and multifactorial behavior. Understanding the factors associated with doping behavior is crucial to identifying potential intervention targets to reduce doping among this group. However, there are limited data on the prevalence and correlations of self-reported prohibited substance use among Brazilian Olympic athletes. We present data from a cross-sectional, self-reported online survey. Participants were elite Brazilian athletes who participated in the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. A total of 209 athletes (52.6% females) from both Brazilian delegations were surveyed. The self-reported doping use of prohibited substances or methods was found to be 7.2%. Receiving a recommendation from a medical doctor, even knowing that the substance is prohibited, was associated with an increased risk of self-reported doping use (OR = 17.474; 95% CI = 4.664–65.470, P < 0.001). Nearly 1 in 10 athletes reported use in their careers. Medical recommendation to use substances was the only factor associated with an increased risk of doping among elite athletes.
Green Packaging Material Preferences among Young Chinese Consumers: A Comparative Study of Recycled versus Virgin Papers and Bio-based versus Synthetic Materials
Authors: Luo Wen , Zhang Yijing , Zheng Jiarong , Yao Minting , Mineo Keito , Liu Guanghua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Increasing the use of recycled paper instead of virgin wood pulp paper and plastic in green packaging has the potential to alleviate the current pressure on wood supplies, reduce the carbon footprint of consumer goods, and improve the sustainable development of the forest industry. Exploring how consumers’ environmental, carbon, and health concerns influence their preferences for different layers of green paper products can provide theoretical guidance for enhancing resource utilization and promoting sustainable development of the forest products market. This study aimed to identify consumer perceptions of green attributes, assess the impact of environmental and carbon concerns on green product preferences, and examine the significance of paper materials in various packaging layers. Utilizing conjoint, factor, and regression analyses, we investigated young Chinese consumers’ green packaging preferences, focusing on their prioritization of packaging types and the choice between recycled and regular paper over fossil-based materials. The results indicate that consumers prefer green attributes in food packaging, such as recycled paper, paper-based substitutes for plastic, and corn fiber substitutes for nylon. However, recycled paper and virgin paper have no significant difference in consumer utility. For different layers, the preference for recycled paper was slightly higher for outer packaging than for inner packaging and packaging in direct contact with food. Cognitive and affective attitudes toward recycled paper material have a positive impact on both recycled paper and paper-based plastic substitutes, while environmental concern directly influences the choice of recycled paper, and carbon concern influences consumer preferences for paper-based plastic substitutes.