bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Déficit Congénital en Proaccélérine (Facteur V) Quelques Données Nouvelles
Authors: Soulier J. P , Prou-Wartelle O , Weilland C , Ménaché D 
Published: June 2018

RésuméL’observation d’un nouveau cas d’hypoproaccélérinémie est rapportée. Elle concerne une fillette de 10 ans atteinte d’un syndrome hémorragique modéré où dominent les epistaxis; le temps de saignement est franchement allongé.L’étude biologique du sang de cette malade confirme diverses notions déjà bien connues: déficit isolé en proaccélérine, sans anticoagulant ni déficit associé en facteur anti-hémophilique A, allongement du temps de céphaline et du temps de tolérance à l’héparine, retentissement sur la consommation de prothrombine, absence de proaccélérine adsorbée sur les plaquettes de la malade, correction de toutes les anomalies par addition de sérum de boeuf adsorbe.Un certain nombre de données nouvelles ont été précisées:— La présence de proaccélérine dans le substrat servant à mesurer la thromboplastino-formation (méthode de Biggs et Douglas) masque partiellement les déficits importants de proaccélérine dans la mixture et totalement les déficits frustes.— Les temps de stypven et de stypven-céphaline sont nettement allongés malgré un taux normal de prothrombine vraie et de facteur Stuart.— Facteur Hageman et PTA sont normaux dans le plasma d’hypoproaccé-lérinémie. Ce plasma est normalement activé par le contact avec le verre.— Pour dépister des hétérozygoties latentes chez les parents du malade, il faut sensibiliser le dosage de proaccélérine par l’utilisation d’une dilution au l/20e et utiliser le test de thromboplastino-formation deBiggs et Douglas avec comme substrat un plasma vieilli.— Enfin, l’étude in vitro montre qu’il faut 5 fois plus de plasma sec standard que de plasma frais pour corriger le déficit en proaccélérine; la transfusion de sang frais demeure donc le traitement de choix en attendant que soit mise au point une fraction thérapeutique concentrée riche en proaccélérine.
Do Justices Defend the Speech They Hate?
Authors: Epstein Lee , Parker Christopher M. , Segal Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor decades now, experiments have revealed that we humans tend to evaluate the views or activities of our own group and its members more favorably than those of outsiders. To assess convergence between experimental and observational results, we explore whether US Supreme Court justices fall prey to in-group bias in freedom-of-expression cases. A two-level hierarchical model of all votes cast between the 1953 and 2014 terms confirms that they do. Although liberal justices are (overall) more supportive of free-speech claims than conservative justices, the votes of both liberal and conservative justices tend to reflect their preferences toward the speech’s ideological grouping and not solely an underlying taste for (or against) greater protection for expression. These results suggest the importance of new research programs aimed at evaluating how other cognitive biases identified in experimental work may influence judicial behavior in actual court decisions.
Songwriting, Digital Audio Workstations, and the Internet
Authors: Bennett Joe 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter investigates the interrelationship between songwriting process and product, focusing on two digital tools that became available to songwriters toward the end of the twentieth century: the digital audio workstation (DAW) and broadband internet connectivity. Two songwriter case studies are used—a “digital immigrant” who began to write songs professionally before either of these tools were available, and a “digital native” who has always used DAWs and an internet connection in his songwriting. The participants were asked to describe their creative processes in detail, and to reflect on how these tools may have influenced their decision making and artistic direction. From these and other studies the author attempts to describe behaviors and affordances engendered by digitally enabled songwriters and to speculate regarding these tools’ influence on the creative product.
Describing Sound
Authors: Wallmark Zachary , Kendall Roger A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Timbre exists at the confluence of the physical and the perceptual, and due to inconsistencies between these frames, it is notoriously hard to describe. This chapter examines the relationship between timbre and language, offering a critical review of theoretical and empirical thought on timbre semantics and providing a preliminary cognitive linguistic account of timbre description. It first traces the major conceptual and methodological advances in psychological timbre research since the 1970s with a focus on the mediating role of verbalization in previous paradigms. It then discusses the cognitive mechanisms underlying how listeners map timbral qualities onto verbal attributes. Applying a cognitive linguistic approach, the chapter concludes that timbre description may reflect certain fundamental aspects of human embodiment, which may help account for certain trans-historical and cross-cultural consistencies in descriptive practices.
Do Hospitals Performing Frequent Neuraxial Anesthesia for Hip and Knee Replacements Have Better Outcomes?
Authors: Memtsoudis Stavros G. , Poeran Jashvant , Zubizarreta Nicole , Olson Ashley , Cozowicz Crispiana , Mörwald Eva E. , Mariano Edward R. , Mazumdar Madhu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Neuraxial anesthesia is increasingly recommended for hip/knee replacements as some studies show improved outcomes on the individual level. With hospital-level studies lacking, we assessed the relationship between hospital-level neuraxial anesthesia utilization and outcomes.

Methods
National data on 808,237 total knee and 371,607 hip replacements were included (Premier Healthcare 2006 to 2014; 550 hospitals). Multivariable associations were measured between hospital-level neuraxial anesthesia volume (subgrouped into quartiles) and outcomes (respiratory/cardiac complications, blood transfusion/intensive care unit need, opioid utilization, and length/cost of hospitalization). Odds ratios (or percent change) and 95% CI are reported. Volume-outcome relationships were additionally assessed by plotting hospital-level neuraxial anesthesia volume against predicted hospital-specific outcomes; trend tests were applied with trendlines’ R
2 statistics reported.

Results
Annual hospital-specific neuraxial anesthesia volume varied greatly: interquartile range, 3 to 78 for hips and 6 to 163 for knees. Increasing frequency of neuraxial anesthesia was not associated with reliable improvements in any of the study’s clinical outcomes. However, significant reductions of up to –14.1% (95% CI, –20.9% to –6.6%) and –15.6% (95% CI, –22.8% to –7.7%) were seen for hospitalization cost in knee and hip replacements, respectively, both in the third quartile of neuraxial volume. This coincided with significant volume effects for hospitalization cost; test for trend P < 0.001 for both procedures, R
2 0.13 and 0.41 for hip and knee replacements, respectively.

Conclusions
Increased hospital-level use of neuraxial anesthesia is associated with lower hospitalization cost for lower joint replacements. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate all drivers of differences found before considering hospital-level neuraxial anesthesia use as a potential marker of quality.
Effect of Diagnosis on Outcomes in the Setting of Enhanced Recovery Protocols
Authors: Ban Kristen A. , Berian Julia R. , Liu Jason B. , Ko Clifford Y. , Feldman Liane S. , Thacker Julie K. M. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
Implementation of enhanced recovery protocols in colectomy reduces length of stay and morbidity, but it remains unknown whether benefits vary by clinical diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:
Outcomes after colectomy in the setting of enhanced recovery protocols were compared for 3 diagnoses: 1) neoplasm, 2) diverticulitis, and 3) IBD.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective registry-based cohort study.

SETTINGS:
Novel enhanced recovery variables were released in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program in 2014.

PATIENTS:
Patients with enhanced recovery variable data undergoing elective colectomy (July 2014 to December 2015) for neoplasm, diverticulitis, or IBD were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome of interest was prolonged length of stay. Additional outcomes included surgical site infection, death/serious morbidity, reoperation, readmission, and days to achieve per os pain control, tolerance of a diet, and return of bowel function.

RESULTS:
We identified 4620 patients with neoplasm, 1730 patients with diverticulitis, and 593 patients with IBD. Patients undergoing colectomy for IBD were more likely to have prolonged length of stay (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.46–2.69), death/serious morbidity (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.13–2.32), and readmission (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.15–2.08) compared with patients with neoplasm. Patients with IBD took longer than patients with neoplasm or diverticulitis to achieve per os pain control (mean, 4.2 days vs 3.4 and 3.5 days, p < 0.001) and tolerate a diet (mean, 4.1 days vs 3.7 and 3.5 days, p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in outcomes between patients with neoplasm and diverticulitis were seen.

LIMITATIONS:
There may be heterogeneity among implemented enhanced recovery protocols.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients undergoing colectomy for neoplasm and diverticulitis have improved outcomes in comparison with patients undergoing colectomy for IBD. Knowledge of expected outcomes for patients with different diagnoses may inform clinician and patient expectations. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A623.
The role of appendectomy at the time of laparoscopic surgery for benign gynecologic conditions
Authors: Peters Ann , Mansuria Suketu M. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
The risk–benefit ratio of concurrent appendectomy at the time of gynecologic surgery has long been debated and remains controversial. However, emerging data on the appendix's role in chronic pain syndromes point to a previously unrecognized link between gynecologic disorders and appendicular pathology. In this article, we review the indications for appendectomy at the time of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery for the treatment of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain.

Recent findings
The incidence of appendiceal endometriosis is highly variable depending on the patient population selected. Although rare in patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis, women with endometriosis may experience rates as high as 9.3–39.0%, especially when suffering from deep infiltrative endometriosis. Appendectomy may also significantly reduce pain in women with unexplained chronic pelvic pain.

Summary
Despite lack of prospective data, retrospective studies suggest that appendectomy during gynecologic procedures for chronic pelvic pain and severe endometriosis may be beneficial and necessary to fully address the treatment of these complex gynecologic conditions. In these clinical scenarios, the benefits of laparoscopic appendectomy at the time of the primary gynecologic procedure may outweigh the risks and cost, and should be discussed with patients preoperatively.
Golimumab effectiveness and safety in clinical practice for moderately active ulcerative colitis
Authors: O’Connell Jim , Rowan Cathy , Stack Roisin , Harkin Grace , Parihar Vikrant , Chan Grace , Breslin Niall , Cullen Garret , Dunne Cara , Egan Laurence , Harewood Gavin , Leyden Jan , MacCarthy Finbar , MacMathuna Padraic , Mahmud Nasir , McKiernan Susan , McNamara Deirdre , Mulcahy Hugh , Murray Frank , O’Connor Anthony , O’Toole Aoibhlinn , Patchett Stephen , Ryan Barbara , Sheridan Juliette , Slattery Eoin , Doherty Glen , Kevans David 
Published: June 2018

Background and aimsGolimumab (GLB) is an antitumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) therapy that has shown efficacy as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to describe the outcome of GLB therapy for UC in a real-world clinical practice.Patients and methodsConsecutive patients receiving GLB for UC in six Irish Academic Medical Centres were identified. The primary study endpoint was the 6-month corticosteroid-free remission rate. The secondary endpoints included the 3-month clinical response, time free of GLB discontinuation and adverse events.ResultsSeventy-two patients were identified [57% men; median (range) age of 41.4 years (20.3–76.8); disease duration 6.6 years (0–29.9); follow-up 8.7 months (0.4–39.2)]. Sixty-four percent of patients were anti-TNF naive. The 3-month clinical response and the 6-month corticosteroid-free remission rates were 55 and 39%, respectively. Forty-four percent of patients discontinued GLB during the follow-up, median (95% confidence interval) time to GLB discontinuation 18.7 months (9.2–28.1). A C-reactive protein more than 5 mg/l at baseline was associated with failure to achieve 6-month corticosteroid-free remission and a shorter time to GLB discontinuation, odds ratio 0.2 (0.1–0.7),P=0.008, and hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.8 (1.3–5.7),P=0.007, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 7% of patients (n=5), all of which were minor and self-limiting.ConclusionThese real-world clinical data suggest that GLB is an effective and safe therapy for a UC cohort with significant previous anti-TNF exposure. An elevated baseline C-reactive protein, likely reflective of increased inflammatory burden, is associated with a reduced likelihood of a successful outcome of GLB therapy.
Acute kidney injury in patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency department, a descriptive study of the most common discharge diagnoses and mortality
Authors: Hertzberg Daniel , Holzmann Martin J. , Than Martin , Pickering John W. 
Published: June 2018

Objective
To describe patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency department (ED) according to acute kidney injury (AKI) status at arrival, with a focus on the most common discharge diagnoses and on long-term mortality.

Methods
All adult patients visiting the Karolinska University Hospital ED between December 2010 and October 2014 with a principal complaint of chest pain were included. AKI at arrival was defined as an increase in presentation serum creatinine concentration of at least 26 µmol/l ( ≥ 0.3 mg/dl) or at least 50% above baseline. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the AKI and no-AKI groups were calculated for the most common discharge diagnoses in the AKI group. Hazard ratios for long-term mortality were calculated using Cox regression models with adjustment for covariates.

Results
In total, 8480 patients were included, of whom 476 (5.6%) had AKI. AKI patients were older and had more comorbidities. It was more common in AKI patients compared to no AKI patients to be diagnosed with heart failure, RR 3.03 (CI: 2.15–4.26) and myocardial infarction RR 1.44 (CI: 1.01–2.04). During a median follow-up of 3.2 years (interquartile range: 2.1–4.3), 37% of the patients with AKI died compared with 16% of patients without AKI. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of death for AKI compared with no AKI was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.10–1.53).

Conclusion
When attending the ED, patients with chest pain and AKI were more likely to be diagnosed with heart failure and myocardial infarction and had an increased long-term mortality compared with patients with no AKI.
Pulmonary infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a practical guide to clinicians
Authors: Gea-Banacloche Juan 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
The current review highlights the most relevant articles on lung infections following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) published over the last year. Between 30 and 50% of HCT recipients will develop pulmonary infiltrates. These pulmonary complications may be infectious (caused by virus, bacteria, fungi, or protozoa) or noninfectious (e.g., fluid overload, heart failure, transfusion reactions like transfusion associated lung injury and transfusion-associated circulatory overload, drug reactions, engraftment syndrome, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome).

Recent findings
New data on the yield of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), the prevalence and clinical manifestations of respiratory viruses and the usefulness of molecular techniques for diagnosis have been published. In addition, guidelines or meta-analyses on the management of neutropenic fever, serological diagnosis of fungal infections and diagnosis and management of Pneumocystis and aspergillosis have been published.

Summary
Respiratory viruses are important pathogens after HCT. PCR in the BAL is becoming the diagnostic modality of choice for a variety of infections. The best approach for the empirical management of pulmonary infiltrates following HCT remains to be defined.
Tracheostomy Care Practices in a Simulated Setting
Authors: Bolsega Thomas J. , Sole Mary Lou 
Published: June 2018

Purpose/Aims:
Many critically ill patients undergo a tracheostomy. Tracheostomy care is performed to maintain the airway and promote stoma skin integrity. Variation in practices may affect outcomes. The study purpose was to describe tracheostomy care practices of caregivers who perform tracheostomy care in critical care settings and compare practices with published recommendations.

Design:
This is a descriptive, exploratory study of tracheostomy care practices of nurses and respiratory therapists using a simulated setting.

Methods:
Staff working in critical care and step-down units were approached to participate in the study. Equipment used for tracheostomy care and the steps performed were observed and video recorded. Observations were compared with recommended practices. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.

Results:
Fifteen registered nurses (75%) and 5 respiratory therapists (25%) participated. Most participants (80%) were female and held a baccalaureate degree; median experience was 5 years. Equipment used and order of steps varied widely. Only 1 individual performed in the order recommended in a commonly used procedure manual. The most common sequence performed was hand hygiene, clean flange, clean stoma, change inner cannula, change ties, and apply dressing.

Conclusion:
Wide variability in equipment and practices emphasizes the need for establishing an evidence-based approach for performing tracheostomy care to prevent complications.
Location of the Internal Mammary Vessels for Microvascular Autologous Breast Reconstruction: The “1–2–3 Rule”
Authors: Lee Christina Dami , Butterworth James , Stephens Robert E. , Wright Barth , Surek Christopher 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Postmastectomy breast reconstruction provides psychosocial benefits in self-esteem, sexuality, and quality of life. Autologous procedures yield the highest overall patient satisfaction compared with implant-based breast reconstruction as the gold standard. The internal mammary vessels are the preferred recipient vessels for free flap breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to provide surgeons with a reliable method for locating the vessels intraoperatively.

Methods:
The internal mammary vessels were dissected bilaterally on 30 cadaveric specimens. Distances from the lateral sternal borders and the costochondral junctions to the internal mammary vessels at the second, third, and fourth costal levels were recorded. Descriptive bifurcation patterns were recorded. Initial dissection practicums were performed using the proposed safer dissection zone according to quantitative data.

Results:
Sixty internal mammary arteries and 120 internal mammary veins were studied at three costal levels, resulting in 180 sets of measurements. Distances from the lateral sternal border to the medial internal mammary vein were 6.12, 9.04, and 10.45 mm at costal levels 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Mean distances between costochondral junctions and internal mammary arteries were 12.80, 24.78, and 33.28 mm at costal levels 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Most internal mammary vein bifurcated at the third costal level, and the left side bifurcated higher than the right. Dissection practicums revealed that the proposed dissection zone was consistently reliable in locating the vessels.

Conclusions:
This study provides mean measurements from common bony landmarks to the internal mammary vessels, equipping surgeons with a reliable zone of dissection for recipient vessel exposure. This may decrease morbidity and improve outcomes in autologous breast reconstructions.
Novel Approach for Risk-Reducing Mastectomy: First-Stage Implant Placement and Subsequent Second-Stage Mastectomy
Authors: Lim Geok Hoon , Baildam Andrew D. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Risk-reducing mastectomy with tissue expander and then implant-based breast reconstruction conventionally involved immediate submuscular placement of tissue expanders during mastectomy and then, after expansion, replacement of expanders for permanent implants in a second-stage operation. Use of acellular dermal matrix can achieve a single-stage operation; however, acellular dermal matrices are costly and may have potential complications. The authors aim to assess the feasibility of placement of implants as a first-stage procedure before risk-reducing mastectomy as a novel technique of reconstruction that avoids the need for serial outpatient expansion and acellular dermal matrix.

Methods:
Patients for whom risk-reducing mastectomy was planned were offered first-stage dual-plane placement of fixed volume silicone gel permanent implants by means of inframammary fold incisions. Risk-reducing mastectomy was undertaken several months later as the second operation, leaving the implants in place protected by the muscle and capsule pocket. Nipples were preserved or reconstructed according to the patient’s choice.

Results:
Eight patients with 15 operated breasts were recruited. Anatomically shaped implants were used in all patients, and complete coverage of each implant was achieved. Mean implant volume was 433 ml (range, 290 to 545 ml). There were no complications, and good aesthetic outcomes were achieved.

Conclusions:
This proof-of-principle study finds that placement of implants before risk-reducing mastectomy is a novel technique for women at high breast cancer risk that could reduce the use of tissue expanders and acellular dermal matrices and their associated problems. Two-stage risk-reducing mastectomy with first-stage implant placement and subsequent risk-reducing mastectomy leaving the implants in place is feasible, with no complications, and can produce a good cosmetic outcome.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.