bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on boundary-layer streaks induced by grid-generated free-stream turbulence in a water channel
Authors: Römer Tristan M. , Kloker Markus J. , Rist Ulrich , Wenzel Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, the influence of various turbulence-grid configurations is analysed on both the induced free-stream turbulence (FST) and the resulting Klebanoff modes/streaks developing in a laminar flat-plate boundary layer downstream in a laminar water channel. All results are based on hot-film and particle image velocimetry measurements as well as visualizations. The grid design and installation has been done according to common grid installation recommendations to ensure homogeneous FST causing meandering Klebanoff modes inside the boundary layer. But it was found that (i) the Klebanoff modes do not meander for all grid configurations, (ii) not all configurations cause Klebanoff modes with the expected temporal and spatial behaviour, and (iii) for some configurations, the spanwise streak spacing is strictly locked to the grid spacing (mesh width). As these observations are unreported in the literature, this study is aimed at a thorough description of the influence of key grid parameters on the FST and the resulting streaks within the boundary layer. The investigation includes the grid parameters typically reported, such as the grid-bar diameters, the associated Reynolds numbers, or the streamwise placement of the grid, but now also the grid-orientation order (horizontal/vertical or vertical/horizontal order of grid bars of the dual-plane grid), the wall-normal position of the horizontal bars relative to the leading edge of the flat plate, and the existence of palpable imperfections in the manufactured grids. The Reynolds-number range covered lies well in the lower band of wind-tunnel experiments. Thus, this study suggests that the reliability and reproducibility of future experimental studies on FST would be greatly improved if they demonstrated homogeneity in the free-stream in both spanwise and wall-normal directions, documented the ongoing meandering and wavelengths of the generated Klebanoff modes and thus (implicitly) documented the spanwise independence of the results in the temporal mean. The latter is a prerequisite for the reliable investigation of FST/isolated-roughness interactions.
Graphical abstract
Calculation and measurement of motor and converter losses according to IEC 61800-9-2 ED2
Authors: Kremser Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCalculated and measured motor and converter losses are compared using the example of a four-pole asynchronous motor with a rated output of 110 kW, operated on a standard converter. The determination of the motor losses using the polynomial approach to describe the motor losses in the field weakening range shows a clear deviation from the measurements. To calculate the converter losses, an equation for calculating the losses in DC link chokes was shown. The polynomial approach to describe the motor losses as a function of torque and speed can also be used for converters in the constant flux range. The semi-analytical model for calculating the converter losses shows satisfactory accuracy even when the motor is operated in the field weakening range.
A Life Cycle Assessment Study of Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Using Steel Dust Mineralization Products
Authors: Mahmoudi Kouhi Reza , Doulati Ardejani Faramarz , Shafaei Tonkaboni Sied Ziaedin , Jebrailvand Moghaddam Mohammad Milad , Butscher Christoph , Taherdangkoo Reza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mining and its associated industries contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exacerbating climate change. To address this, our study employed life cycle assessment to assess the carbon footprint of utilizing carbonates made from steel dust from the Golgohar complex in a carbon mineralization process to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) at the Darrezar copper mine. We considered four scenarios and two sensitivity analyses, including the baseline scenario, solar energy utilization, dust variations, limestone purchase, transportation impact, and AMD quantity. The baseline scenario yielded a negative carbon footprint of – 107 kg of CO2eq/100 kg of CO2 from flue gas. Using solar energy prevented most of the GHG emissions. In addition, using a waste with high alkalinity reduced energy consumption throughout the process. Furthermore, the utilization of trucks with high capacity for product transportation and treating a low amount of AMD improved the entire process and kept it in the negative carbon footprint range. Finally, comparing scenarios to the conventional use of purchased limestone for AMD treatment demonstrated environmental viability. The study demonstrates the potential for sustainable practices in mining, promoting a shift towards methods that would mitigate environmental impact and contribute to a more carbon–neutral future.
Spatiotemporal patterns of youth isolation and loneliness in the US: a geospatial analysis of Crisis Text Line data (2016–2022)
Authors: Lucero Christopher , Sugg Margaret M. , Ryan Sophia C. , Runkle Jennifer D. , Thompson Martie P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn 2021, the US Surgeon General issued a national advisory citing an epidemic of isolation and loneliness. Even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately half of people in the US reported experiencing measurable levels of loneliness. Despite localized and select cross-sectional studies highlighting even higher increases in isolation/loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic, additional research is needed, particularly for youth and young adults. This work examines patterns of isolation/loneliness across the US from 2016 to 2022 among individuals aged 24 and younger. Our study leverages a unique dataset, Crisis Text Line, which provides complete spatiotemporal coverage of crisis conversations in the US. We conducted a geospatial analysis using Kuldroff’s Space–Time SatScan to identify statistically significant clustering of elevated isolation/loneliness-related conversations. The statistical significance of spatiotemporal clusters was determined using Monte Carlo simulations (n = 9999). Results demonstrated local relative risk as high as 1.47 in high-risk populations in Southern, Midwest, and Atlantic states, indicating areas where the actual case count is 147% of the expected cases (p value < 0.01) from May to July 2020. Results also identified co-occurrence of isolation/loneliness and other crises concerns, including depression/sadness, anxiety, and multiple suicidality indicators, with higher rates among racial/ethnic minority, transgender and gender diverse, and younger individuals. This work makes a unique contribution to the literature by elucidating spatiotemporal disparities in isolation/loneliness among young people, providing much-needed knowledge as to where future public health interventions are immediately needed.
Intermediaries and complexity: assessing emissions-based governance in the European Union’s EU-ETS
Authors: Herman Kyle S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractScientists have specified that, by the year 2030, aggregate global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be halved to have at least a 67% chance of meeting the Paris Agreement. A key challenge is the governance of GHGs. This article investigates the evolution of the EU’s Emissions Trading System using the Regulatory–Intermediary–Target (RIT) framework. Specifically, we outline the role of “emissions governance” intermediaries to monitor, report, and verify (MRV) emissions reductions. This comes with both pros and cons. First, there are a multitude of public and private actors, rules and regulations, that exist within this system. Yet, as the RIT framework makes clear, this can lead to opportunities for capture of regulatory targets and regulators. On the other hand, given that public institutions and governance actors have yet to succeed in significantly driving down emissions, non-state and private actors are increasingly being relied on to plug climate governance gaps—especially as intermediaries with important MRV responsibilities. The application of the RIT and findings have important implications for climate governance scholarship and related climate governance mechanisms.
Possessor extraction and categorical subject in Tseltalan
Authors: Aissen Judith , Polian Gilles 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Tseltalan (Mayan) languages, Tsotsil and Tseltal, have two options for extracting the possessor in wh-questions. Wh-movement can either move the entire possessive phrase (‘pied piping’) or it can move the possessor alone, stranding the possessum. Each option is associated with restrictions related to the specificity of the possessum: stranding is possible only when the possessum is non-specific, pied-piping only when it is specific. We focus primarily on the former restriction. Earlier work on Tsotsil, and the related language, Ch’ol, analyzed the derivation with stranding as involving subextraction, i.e., extraction of an internal possessor. We argue that subextraction is not possible at all in Tseltalan and that therefore only an external possessor can be extracted without pied-piping. It is fairly clear that in transitive clauses, possessors of the internal argument are extracted as external possessors, not internal ones, as they extract only as applied objects in an applicative construction. We extend this analysis to unaccusative clauses, arguing that the possessor of the internal argument in an unaccusative clause, as well as to the possessor within certain prepositional phrases, extracts from an external position. We identify this position as Specifier of TP and propose that the phrase which occupies it is interpreted as the subject of a
categorical judgment (Kuroda 1972, among others). This analysis accounts for specificity effects in possessor extraction and illuminates issues related to word order, predicative possession, experiential collocations, and the nature of ’topic’ positions in Mayan.
From trips to stages: a methodology for Generating Stage Information in trip-level Household travel surveys
Authors: Koszowski Caroline , Hubrich Stefan , Wittwer Rico , Gerike Regine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTrip-level household travel surveys (HTS) are an efficient and widely used instrument in transport planning and research and are expected to remain in this role for at least the near future. Mode information is typically assigned to trips in these surveys based on a hierarchy of transport modes that hides important information on the individual stages which is particularly relevant for walking. This study develops a methodology for estimating detailed stage-level information for trip-level HTS that contain some information on stages, this is the sequence of used transport modes and the number of transfers in Public Transport (PT) trips. The methodology is developed based on detailed stage-level data from a sub-sample in the German National HTS MiD 2017 and directly applied to the German city-based HTS SrV 2018 which is a trip-level survey but contains stage-level information on modes and PT transfers. Linear Regression Models for estimating walking stage duration in PT and car trips are combined with simple heuristic estimations for the less frequent types of intermodal trips. Trip purpose, accompaniment and total trip duration are important predictors for walking stage duration. Trip-level and stage-level modal-split figures for the number, duration, and distance of trips and stages in SrV 2018 are computed with the developed methodology. About half of all stages and 30% of trips are done by walking. Walking stage duration is with around 38% considerable, this share drops to around 12% for walking stage distance.
Structured clinical reasoning prompt enhances LLM’s diagnostic capabilities in diagnosis please quiz cases
Authors: Sonoda Yuki , Kurokawa Ryo , Hagiwara Akifumi , Asari Yusuke , Fukushima Takahiro , Kanzawa Jun , Gonoi Wataru , Abe Osamu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in medical diagnosis, but their performance varies with prompting. Recent studies suggest that modifying prompts may enhance diagnostic capabilities. This study aimed to test whether a prompting approach that aligns with general clinical reasoning methodology—specifically, using a standardized template to first organize clinical information into predefined categories (patient information, history, symptoms, examinations, etc.) before making diagnoses, instead of one-step processing—can enhance the LLM’s medical diagnostic capabilities.

Materials and methods
Three hundred twenty two quiz questions from Radiology’s Diagnosis Please cases (1998–2023) were used. We employed Claude 3.5 Sonnet, a state-of-the-art LLM, to compare three approaches: (1) Baseline: conventional zero-shot chain-of-thought prompt, (2) two-step approach: structured two-step approach: first, the LLM systematically organizes clinical information into two distinct categories (patient history and imaging findings), then separately analyzes this organized information to provide diagnoses, and (3) Summary-only approach: using only the LLM-generated summary for diagnoses.

Results
The two-step approach significantly outperformed the both baseline and summary-only approaches in diagnostic accuracy, as determined by McNemar’s test. Primary diagnostic accuracy was 60.6% for the two-step approach, compared to 56.5% for baseline (p = 0.042) and 56.3% for summary-only (p = 0.035). For the top three diagnoses, accuracy was 70.5, 66.5, and 65.5% respectively (p = 0.005 for baseline, p = 0.008 for summary-only). No significant differences were observed between the baseline and summary-only approaches.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that a structured clinical reasoning approach enhances LLM’s diagnostic accuracy. This method shows potential as a valuable tool for deriving diagnoses from free-text clinical information. The approach aligns well with established clinical reasoning processes, suggesting its potential applicability in real-world clinical settings.
Verstädterung, Wohneigentum und Raumkonstitution. Räumliche Refiguration in Südkorea zwischen Familialismus und queeren Communities
Authors: Gang Sung Un , Löw Martina , Stollmann Jörg 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel nimmt sich aus einer raum- und refigurationstheoretischen sowie einer geschlechtertheoretisch pointierten Perspektive der Frage an, wem die Stadt gehört. Fokussiert wird die durch Urbanisierung bedingte Neuordnung des Wohnens in Südkorea, wobei die heterosexuelle Kleinfamilie im Apartment und ein institutionalisierter Familialismus als grundlegende Dimensionen dieser Refiguration identifiziert werden. Im Beitrag werden die Strukturen des südkoreanischen Wohnungsmarktes erläutert, Fragen sozialer Ungleichheit im Wohnen adressiert und darauf aufbauend Wohnpraktiken queerer Menschen beschrieben und interpretiert. Grundlage der Analyse sind im Rahmen des DFG-Sonderforschungsbereichs 1265 „Re-Figuration von Räumen“ und dessen Teilprojekt „Smart People: Queere Alltagshandlungen in digitalisierten Lebensräumen“ erhobene problemzentrierte Interviews und Tagebucheinträge lesbischer Studienteilnehmerinnen. Zusätzlich wurden während der Feldaufenthalte in Seoul ethnografische Daten über die Räume queerer Menschen erhoben. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse standen dabei sowohl die individuellen Lebenswege und -räume als auch die Raumkonstitution und das Wohnhandeln der Befragten. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, wie mit dem gesellschaftlichen Umbau zum heteronormativ und kleinfamiliär organisierten Wohnen auch queere Vergemeinschaftung mit eigenen Raumkonzepten oder abweichender Raumaneignung relevanter wird. Die kontinuierlichen Spannungslagen sozialer Veränderung werden räumlich perspektiviert.
The effect of forest disturbances and regeneration scenario on soil organic carbon pools and fluxes: a review
Authors: Pietrzykowski Marcin , Świątek Bartłomiej , Woś Bartłomiej , Klamerus-Iwan Anna , Mąsior Paweł , Pająk Marek , Gruba Piotr , Likus-Cieślik Justyna , Tabor Jan , Ksepko Marek , Chodak Marcin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractForest ecosystems are one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) reservoirs on Earth and an important sink of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Abiotic and biotic disturbances such as windfalls, fires, outbreaks of insects or pests may negatively affect C storage in forest ecosystems decreasing their role as CO2 sink. The objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the impact of large-scale forest ecosystem disturbances caused by windthrow and insect outbreaks on soil C stocks and cycles, and to gather information on the impact of restoration treatments performed in disturbed stands in the context of carbon accumulation in forest soils. Discussed were effects of windstorms and insect outbreaks as well as impacts of various approaches of forest regeneration after disturbance on C stocks and fluxes. Disturbances decrease C stocks in forest ecosystems and turn them from C sink into C source for a certain time. Regeneration of the disturbed forest restores its role as a CO2 sink. In montane forests artificial afforestation seems to shorten the time of achieving C parity. However, no data exists for lowland forests. Hence, there is an urgent need for studies that assess effect of windfalls and insect outbreaks on carbon storage in forests of lowland Europe.
Cancer and physical activity: facilitating counseling
Authors: Gómez-Bruton Alejandro , Granada-López José Manuel , Aguirre Elena , Garatachea Nuria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent studies suggest that only 27.6% of cancer survivors meet PA guidelines. This could partially be attributed to the limited knowledge reported by healthcare professionals (HCP) regarding the appropriate timing, methodology, and suitability of referring cancer survivors to exercise programs or professionals. In this commentary, we aim to acknowledge the challenges that HCP may face in prescribing exercise and propose potential solutions to facilitate their efforts in this regard.
The Role of the State in Community-Led Welcome: Lessons from Homes for Ukraine
Authors: Broadhead Jacqui , Turcatti Domiziana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCommunity-led routes to welcome refugees and migrants, such as community sponsorship, are often viewed as the devolution of the state’s resettlement and integration responsibilities to non-governmental actors. Yet, there remains a significant role for the state. This paper outlines the role of central, regional, and local government in community-led welcome by drawing from learning from Homes for Ukraine in the UK and the engagement of UK local authorities in the scheme using theories of the multi-level governance of migration. Launched in March 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Homes for Ukraine allows sponsors to ‘name’ Ukrainians to host in their homes for a minimum of 6 months. While the public and community support for the scheme was unprecedented, our analysis shows the state plays a key role in the scheme. The central government retains overall control of the scheme’s governance by regulating immigration status and the funding parameters for support. Local authorities have specifically defined responsibilities, including checking sponsors’ suitability, wider integration responsibilities, and acting as a ‘backstop’ in case of placement breakdown or beyond the lifetime of the support programme. Ultimately, we suggest that whilst community-led welcome widens the scope of actors involved in resettling and integrating newcomers, it cannot be viewed solely as a community alternative to government-led refugee resettlement and integration. Instead, we propose a conceptualisation of community-led welcome as an approach to resettlement and integration which requires effective multi-level governance for it to offer a durable solution to refugees and newcomers.
Integrating genetic and morphological data to assess species delimitation of two Japanese large abalones: Haliotis discus discus and H. madaka
Authors: Hirase Shotaro , Ikegaya Sota , Kikuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTwo large abalone species prevalent in the Japanese archipelago, Haliotis discus discus and H. madaka, are considered to have different morphological characteristics, and previous population genomics analyses have suggested that they have distinct genomic features. However, integrated analyses comparing the genetic and morphological data from these species are lacking; thus, it remains unclear whether these two species are distinct biological species. In this study, we performed integrated genetic and morphological analyses on individuals of the two species captured in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Genetic analysis based on 118 species-diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci showed that H. discus discus and H. madaka were clearly assigned to distinct genetic clusters corresponding to the two species, with the exception of one H. madaka individual showing evidence of genomic introgression from H. discus discus. Multiple statistical analyses based on quantitative characteristics of shell shape and foot muscle color suggested that this H. madaka individual with genomic introgression from H. discus discus had H. discus discus-like quantitative characteristics consistently. In summary, this study suggests that H. discus discus and H. madaka are distinct biological species reproductively isolated in natural environments, but genomic introgression possibly blurs the species boundary between H. discus discus and H. madaka.
Novel green sustainable hydrogel composites based on guar gum and algal species for wastewater remediation
Authors: Keshawy M. , Kamal R. S. , Abdelhamid A. E. , Labena A. , Amin A. , Hasan A. M. , Abdel-raouf M. E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn innovative approach was developed for removing very potent heavy metal cations and dyes such as lead (Pb+2), copper (Cu+2) and methylene blue (MB) from simulated solutions at different application conditions. The sorbent material was green hydrogels based on guar gum/poly acrylamide (GG/PAam) fabricated with rice husk core (GG/PAAm/RH) and the optimized formulation was blended with Ulva fasciata and Sargassum dentifolium green algae (denoted as GG/PAAm/RH/Ulva and GG/PAAm/RH/Sarg respectively). The chemical modification process was confirmed by FTIR. The effect of rice husk on the crystallographic and the thermal properties of the hydrogel composites was verified via the XRD and TGA analyses respectively. The surface topography versus structure variation and adsorption process of the aforementioned hydrogels were substantiated by the AFM in order to prove their suitability as effective candidates for wastewater remediation. Different adsorption and kinetic isotherms were applied to precisely describe the adsorption process. The data reveal that the adsorption mechanism best fit multilayer adsorption Freundlich process with qmax values onto GG/PAAm/RH/Ulva and GG/PAAm/RH/Sarg as follows: 50.25 and 73.52 mg g for adsorption of Cu+2, 45.24 and 52.63 mg g for Pb+2, and 51.54 and 68.02 mg g for MB. The reusability investigation proved that the algal-supported sorbents were very successful in removing of reasonable amounts of pollutants after four adsorption–desorption cycles.
Graphical abstract