bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibronectin in artery subendothelium is important for platelet adhesion
Authors: Houdijk WP , Sixma JJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The role of subendothelial fibronectin in platelet interaction with subendothelium was studied. Human umbilical artery subendothelium was exposed to flowing blood containing 111In-labeled platelets in an annular perfusion chamber. Platelet adhesion was determined from the 111In radioactivity on the vessel wall. When perfusions were performed for five minutes at a wall shear rate of 1,800 s-1, platelet adhesion was the same whether normal plasma or fibronectin-free plasma was used. Preincubation of subendothelium with rabbit anti-human fibronectin serum, however, resulted in a marked inhibition of platelet adhesion. Preincubation with normal rabbit serum had no effect. Platelet adhesion was also diminished when the vessel wall was preincubated with anti- fibronectin IgG fraction or F(ab')2 fragment. After the latter preincubations, frozen sections of 4 micron were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, F(ab')2 fragment specific. Fluorescence was seen throughout the subendothelium both before and after perfusion. No fluorescence was seen when subendothelium was preincubated with normal rabbit IgG or F(ab')2 or with anti-fibronectin IgG that had been absorbed with purified fibronectin. After absorption of anti-fibronectin IgG with purified fibronectin, the inhibiting effect on platelet adhesion was also no longer present. Preincubation of the vessel wall with anti-fibronectin IgG reduced platelet adhesion significantly at a wall shear rate of 800 s-1. This effect was even greater at 1,800 s-1. At low shear rate (400 s-1), there was no inhibition.
Hairy cell leukemia: a tumor of pre-plasma cells
Authors: Anderson KC , Boyd AW , Fisher DC , Leslie D , Schlossman SF , Nadler LM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies defining B-, T-, and myeloid-restricted cell surface antigens were used to characterize the lineage and state of differentiation of tumor cells isolated from 22 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). These tumors were shown to be of B lineage because they strongly expressed the B cell-restricted antigens B1 and B4 and lacked T cell- and monocyte-restricted antigens. Moreover, the strong expression of the plasma cell-associated PCA-1 antigen on the majority of hairy cells suggested that these tumors correspond to later stages of B cell ontogeny. Dual fluorescence experiments further confirmed that HCL splenocytes that coexpressed B1 and PCA-1 demonstrated both the morphology and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positivity of hairy cells. The observation that some hairy cells either spontaneously produce immunoglobulin (Ig) or could be induced to proliferate and secrete Ig provides complementary support for the view that HCL is a pre-plasma cell tumor. However, staining of hairy cells with anti-IL2R1 monoclonal antibody, which is directed to the T cell growth factor receptor and/or with the anti-Mo1 reagent, directed to C3bi complement receptor, distinguish these cells from currently identified B cells.
Kinetic characterization of a saturable pathway for rapid clearance of circulating fibrin monomer
Authors: Dardik BN , Shainoff JR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mechanism of clearance of circulating fibrin monomer was investigated in rabbits through (1) study of decay in plasma concentrations of 125I-labeled monomers with variant fibrinopeptide content and (2) concurrent analysis of decay of the monomers relative to coinjected 131I-fibrinogen. Under the conditions employed, essentially all of the fibrin became distributed in a soluble form in plasma and decayed independently of the coinjected fibrinogen. Among the species of fibrin studied, monomer lacking fibrinopeptide A alone (alpha-fibrin) underwent very rapid clearance by a saturable mechanism that was not evident in relatively sluggish clearance of monomer lacking either fibrinopeptide B alone (beta-fibrin) or both fibrinopeptides A and B (alpha beta-fibrin). Decay of alpha-fibrin conformed with a kinetic mechanism involving first-order permeation of the fibrin into extravascular space at a rate equivalent to that of permeation of fibrinogen; unlike fibrinogen, however, the alpha-fibrin underwent immediate absorption in parallel with permeation (t1/2 = 2.6 hours) at doses below an apparent saturating level of 3 mg/kg. At doses near the absorptive limit, the uptake accompanying permeation diminished as in a second-order kinetic mechanism, and at very high doses the plasma decay of the alpha-fibrin approached that of fibrinogen. The beta- and alpha beta-fibrins also permeated extravascular space in parallel with fibrinogen, but absorption proceeded sluggishly (t1/2 = 11 and 16 hours, respectively) at low doses and did not change with increasing dose. The uniquely rapid and saturable clearance of alpha-fibrin is suggested to involve uptake through the fibrin aggregation site that is blocked by fibrinopeptide A in fibrinogen and beta-fibrin and by tight binding to fibrinogen in soluble complexes formed by alpha beta-fibrin. A corollary of this hypothesis is that rapid uptake depends on dissociability of fibrin complexes for access to the aggregation site, a mechanism that is just the converse of uptake through aggregation.
Pregnancy in carriers of high-affinity hemoglobins
Authors: Charache S , Catalano P , Burns S , Jones RT , Koler RD , Rutstein R , Williams RR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pregnancy in female carriers of abnormal hemoglobins with great avidity for oxygen provides a unique opportunity to assess the importance of the usual difference in oxygen affinity between fetal and maternal blood. Outcome of pregnancy was recorded for carriers of hemoglobins Bethesda, Osler, and Yakima, whose p50s (9.5, 9.1, and 12 mm Hg at pH 7.4) were far lower than that of a normal fetus (23 mm Hg at pH 7.3). Neither spontaneous abortions nor intrauterine growth retardation could be attributed to the presence of high oxygen affinity in the mothers. In vitro simulations suggested that neither maternal or fetal polycythemia alone was sufficient to adjust for perturbation of the normal situation, and increased uterine and/or fetal blood flow probably provided additional compensation.
The effects of recombinant-DNA-derived interferons on the growth of myeloid progenitor cells
Authors: Rigby WF , Ball ED , Guyre PM , Fanger MW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) have been shown to have significant effects on hematopoietic cell growth. Previous studies defining these effects have utilized mouse and human alpha-, beta-, and gamma-IFN isolated from supernatants of stimulated cells. Despite purification, the possible presence of other lymphokines and soluble factors remains a concern. In this study, the effects of gene-cloned alpha- and gamma-IFN on colony- forming units of granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitors cultured from the peripheral blood of normal volunteers were examined. In addition, blast cell colonies from one patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were studied. The growth of normal CFU-GM and AML blast cell colonies was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by gamma- and alpha-IFN. gamma-IFN was ten to 100 times more potent than alpha-IFN in that this species of IFN reduced colony formation by greater than 50% at concentrations of less than 15 antiviral U/mL. The effects of gamma- IFN were neutralized by a monoclonal antibody specific for gamma-IFN. These in vitro studies indicate that human gamma-IFN may be an important modulator of myelopoiesis. Although these data indicate a possible efficacy of gamma-IFN in the treatment of AML, the in vitro results should be considered for their in vivo significance.
The clonal proliferation in vitro of enriched populations of human promyelocytes and myelocytes
Authors: Begley CG , Lopez AF , Vadas MA , Metcalf D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The proliferative capacity of normal human promyelocytes and myelocytes was demonstrated and characterized on the basis of clonal proliferation in agar. An enriched population of normal human promyelocytes and myelocytes was obtained from bone marrow using the monoclonal antibody WEM G11 and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). In cultures stimulated by placental-conditioned medium, these cells generated peak total clone numbers between days 3 and 5 of culture. Clones disappeared rapidly thereafter. These clones were mainly of subcolony size at day 7, although some colonies were generated by this population. The clones were primarily neutrophilic in type. These cells had a plating efficiency of up to 50%, and clonal proliferation was dependent on stimulation by colony-stimulating factor (CSF).
Production of burst-promoting activity by monoclonal antibody defined malignant T lymphocytes from patients with lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Froom P , Ramot B , Biniaminov M , Douer D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We tested conditioned media from 12 patients with T lymphocyte neoplasms and four T cell lines for their ability to stimulate the in vitro growth of erythroid-burst-forming units (BFU-E) from bone marrow mononuclear cells in a methylcellulose culture system. Nine patients suffered from acute lymphocytic leukemia, two from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The T lymphocytes were characterized by a series of monoclonal antibodies and their stage of development was correlated with their ability to produce burst- promoting activity (BPA). Conditioned media from cells classified as prothymocytes (three cases), common thymocytes (one case), mature thymocytes (three cases), and mature lymphocytes of the helper subtype (two cases) increased BFU-E proliferation four- to 19-fold over control values using normal bone marrow as target cells. Conditioned media from OKT8+ malignant T lymphocytes (three cases) did not enhance BFU-E proliferation. Conditioned media from cells classified as immature T cells stimulated CFU-GM proliferation in only one of seven cases even though they secreted BPA. Conditioned media from three of the four cell lines stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, enhanced BFU-E growth. Our results indicate that malignant cells that have characteristics of immature T cells are able to produce BPA. Studies using techniques to isolate homogeneous populations of normal T cell subsets are required to determine whether normal immature T lymphocytes have the same capability.
Sialic acid in mature megakaryocytes: detection by wheat germ agglutinin
Authors: Schick PK , Filmyer WG Jr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The characteristics of the surface of guinea pig megakaryocytes were investigated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Purified guinea pig megakaryocytes and platelets were incubated with WGA conjugated with rhodamine, cytocentrifuged, and then exposed to Chromomycin A3 for the assessment of ploidy. The fluorescence emission of the DNA-Chromomycin complex was similar to that of fluorescein, and thus both rhodamine-WGA and Chromomycin A3 fluorescence could be analyzed in the same cell. Ploidy was assessed by microdensitometry of Chromomycin A3 fluorescence. Eight hundred megakaryocytes were analyzed by four parameters: (1) labeling by WGA, (2) ploidy, (3) morphological stage, and (4) size. The results were analyzed by a computer-assisted program. Although all platelets had reacted with WGA, only about half of the isolated megakaryocytes had been labeled by the lectin. The analysis of the megakaryocytes that had reacted revealed that 72% of stage III and 77% of stage IV megakaryocytes as compared with 35% of stage I and 29% of stage II cells had been labeled by the lectin. WGA reacted with 44% of 8N megakaryocytes and 60% and 59% of 16N and 32N cells. However, WGA labeling was independent of megakaryocyte size. The digestion of 15% and 48% of megakaryocyte sialic acid with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholera resulted in a 67% and 89% decrease in the binding of rhodamine- WGA, respectively, as determined by microdensitometry. The study indicated that sialic acid serves as a receptor for WGA and that sialoglycoproteins and possibly gangliosides become exposed on the surface of mature megakaryocytes. WGA can recognize mature megakaryocytes by biochemical criteria and the assessment of lectin binding could complement the morphological staging of megakaryocytes.
Identification of lectin-like substances recognizing galactosyl residues of glycoconjugates on the plasma membrane of marrow sinus endothelium
Authors: Kataoka M , Tavassoli M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasma membrane components capable of specific binding to the sugar residues of glycoproteins have recently been identified in several cell systems and implicated in the recognition and specific uptake of soluble or membrane-bound glycoproteins. Because the endothelium of bone marrow sinuses is the site of massive cellular and molecular traffic that is often specific, we studied the surface of sinus endothelium for the presence of sugar-recognizing systems. Neoglycoprotein probes were synthesized by covalently binding bovine serum albumin (BSA) to activated pyrannose form of galactose, fucose, or mannose. The probe was then labeled with colloidal gold. Galactosyl- BSA gold bound to endothelial membrane at 4 degrees C and was internalized at 37 degrees C. Both the binding and the internalization were inhibited in the presence of excess unlabeled galactosyl-BSA. Gold- labeled mannosyl-BSA and fucosyl-BSA did not bind to the endothelium. Nor did BSA-gold without galactosyl residues bind to endothelial membrane, confirming that galactosyl moiety was responsible for the binding. The uptake of galactosyl-BSA was further confirmed by perfusion of 125I-galactosyl-BSA into the abdominal aorta. Small but highly specific uptake was noted in tibias and femurs. These data provide evidence for the presence of a lectin-like substance on the luminal surface of marrow endothelial membrane capable of specific interaction with galactosyl residues of circulating and cell-bound glycoproteins and may provide a mechanism for specific recognition of these glycoproteins.
Biological characterization of a granulomonopoietic enhancing activity derived from cultured human lipid-containing macrophages
Authors: Wang SY , Castro-Malaspina H , Lu L , Moore MA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We describe the biologic characteristics of an activity produced by human monocyte-derived lipid-containing cells (MDLCCs) that enhances the colony-forming capacity of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU- GM). Medium conditioned by well-developed MDLCCs (at day 21 to day 28 of cultivation) was added to bone marrow cultures containing GCT cell line-conditioned medium (GCT-CM) or other material as a source of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSFs). MDLCC- conditioned medium (CM) had no detectable granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating activity (GM-CSA), but it contained an activity that enhanced the colony number in both day 7 and day 14 CFU-GM cultures. Dose-response curves for GCT-CM in the presence of MDLCC-CM demonstrated that this enhancing effect occurred at concentrations of GM-CSFs that stimulate maximal CFU-GM growth. This enhancing effect was seen with both granulocytic and monocytic progenitor cells. It was titratible and required the continuous presence of MDLCC-CM from initiation of culture. No enhancement was noted when MDLCC-CM was added 48 hours after plating. The enhancement still occurred when marrow cells were first incubated with MDLCC-CM and GCT-CM was added at later times. Neither the enhancing activity nor its production was dependent on horse serum contained in MDLCC culture medium. The enhancing effect was also seen when other sources of GM-CSA were used: medium conditioned by 5637 cell line, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes (PHAL), or placenta tissue. Furthermore, this enhancing activity appeared to be specific for CFU-GM. Addition of MDLCC-CM to mixed and erythroid cultures, stimulated by suboptimal and optimal concentrations of PHAL-CM did not modify the number of mixed colonies or erythroid bursts. This granulomonopoietic enhancing activity contained in MDLCC-CM was heat stable (56 degrees C and 75 degrees C for 30 minutes) and nondialyzable (3,500 and 14,000 molecular weight cut off tubing). Its production was increased by treating MDLCC with lipopolysaccharide (5 micrograms/mL) or zymosan (60 micrograms/mL) and inhibited by lactoferrin (10(-7) mol/L). The production of a granulomonopoietic enhancing activity by MDLCCs represents the demonstration of another positive feedback regulator of myelopoiesis involving the monocyte-macrophage system.
Regulation of receptors and digestive activity toward synthesized formyl-chemotactic peptide in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: Nunoi H , Endo F , Chikazawa S , Matsuda I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A receptor binding and digestive activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) toward formyl-methionyl-leucyl-[3H]phenylalanine (3H- FMLP) was examined with the following results: Up- and down-regulation and recovery of 3H-FMLP binding activity were demonstrated. Both intact PMN and a lysate prepared from them cleaved the carboxyl terminal amino acid (phenylalanine) of 3H-FMLP. The digestive activity decreased as the receptor binding was inhibited by n-ethylmaleimide and 4- chloromercuribenzoate. Little digestive activity was found in the supernatant from PMN stimulated by FMLP. The released phenylalanine was found in the pellet and supernatant of PMNs. Digestive activity with cathepsin A-like characteristics was found in the lysate of PMN. These observations suggest that FMLP is internalized in lysosomes in a receptor-mediated manner and cleaved by the cathepsin A-like enzyme, the free phenylalanine is released extracellularly, and a part of the dissociated receptors with FMLP may return to the surface or to an intracellular receptor pool. Another finding was that the digestive activity of the lysate of cord blood granulocytes was decreased compared with that of adult blood granulocytes. This decrease may explain in part the impaired chemotaxis of cord blood granulocytes.
Phenotypic analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells which are classified as non-T non-B and negative for common ALL antigen
Authors: Kita K , Nasu K , Kamesaki H , Doi S , Tezuka H , Tatsumi E , Fukuhara S , Nishikori M , Uchino H , Shirakawa S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When phenotypic marker analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells (102 cases) was performed, a group of ALL cells (15 cases) classified as non-T non-B, and negative for common-ALL antigen (CALLA) was characterized in a focused manner. “Non-T non-B” was defined as negative for T cell properties such as E-rosetting or reactivity with anti-human T-cell monoclonal antibodies (T101, WT1), and absence of any B-cell characteristics (cell surface and/or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and reactivity with B1 monoclonal antibody). Despite their marked heterogeneity, CALLA(-) non-T non-B ALL cells revealed three different phenotypic patterns in terms of presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and of reactivity with antimyeloid (MCS1) or myelomonocyte (MCS2 and OKM1) monoclonal antibodies. Four of 15 cases reacted with some myeloid-specific antibodies, but were negative for TdT. Six cases had both MCS2 antigen and TdT. The remaining five cases expressed no myeloid antigens, but were positive for TdT with some exceptions. These findings showed that acute leukemias with myeloid antigens might be involved in CALLA(-) non-T non-B ALL having no relationship to the presence of TdT, and, furthermore, that the blasts with simultaneous expression of TdT and myeloid-specific antigen (MCS2) might represent an immature stage in hematopoietic differentiation closely corresponding with the bifurcation of the lymphocyte/myeloid pathway. Alternatively, only five cases remained “unclassified leukemia.” We therefore think that the detailed examination of CALLA(-) non-T non-B ALL cells using myeloid specific antibodies is helpful in clarifying the characteristics of myeloid precursors and the common bipotential stem cell of lymphoid and myeloid progenitors.
Cell-lineage antigens of the stem cell-megakaryocyte-platelet lineage are associated with the platelet IIb-IIIa glycoprotein complex
Authors: Berridge MV , Ralph SJ , Tan AS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The stem cell-platelet lineage is uniquely defined by platelet cell- lineage antigens. These antigens are present on all stem cells measured by the spleen colony assay and become restricted to the platelet cell lineage as differentiation proceeds. In this study, anti-platelet serum (APS) has been used to identify cells in the bone marrow that express platelet cell-lineage antigens and to identify platelet cell surface molecules expressing these antigens. Anti-platelet IgG extensively absorbed with brain, thymus, and peritoneal cells bound selectively to stem cells, megakaryocyte progenitor cells (Mk-CFC), and megakaryocytes in CBA mouse bone marrow and to blood platelets. No other hemopoietic cell type, tissue, cell line, or tumor cell bound significant amounts of antibody against platelet cell-lineage antigens as determined by ability to absorb the anti-stem cell activity in APS. Studies with lactoperoxidase-labeled platelets showed that two major iodinated proteins of Mr = 114,000 and 138,000 were immunoprecipitated with APS and with antiserum that had been extensively absorbed. These proteins correspond to the platelet IIb-IIIa glycoprotein complex, which is known to express receptors for collagen and fibrinogen, molecules known to influence hemopoietic cell proliferation and tumor cell growth. A panel of six monoclonal antibodies against human IIb-IIIa inhibited spleen colony formation by 17% to 100%, J15 and A5.15 also being cytotoxic for granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and Mk-CFC. Other platelet monoclonal antibodies did not inhibit spleen colony formation. Although APS inhibited fibrinogen binding to platelets and platelet aggregation, these activities were greatly reduced with absorbed antiserum. Furthermore, fibrinogen treatment of bone marrow did not block the anti-stem cell activity in APS. Thus the evidence is consistent with expression of platelet cell-lineage antigens on the platelet IIb-IIIa glycoprotein complex at a site removed from the fibrinogen binding site.