bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonvolatile Ferroelectric Memory Effect in Ultrathin α‐In2Se3
Authors: Wan Siyuan , Li Yue , Li Wei , Mao Xiaoyu , Wang Chen , Chen Chen , Dong Jiyu , Nie Anmin , Xiang Jianyong , Liu Zhongyuan , Zhu Wenguang , Zeng Hualing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh‐density memory is integral in solid‐state electronics. 2D ferroelectrics offer a new platform for developing ultrathin electronic devices with nonvolatile functionality. Recent experiments on layered α‐In2Se3 confirm its room‐temperature out‐of‐plane ferroelectricity under ambient conditions. Here, a nonvolatile memory effect in a hybrid 2D ferroelectric field‐effect transistor (FeFET) made of ultrathin α‐In2Se3 and graphene is demonstrated. The resistance of the graphene channel in the FeFET is effectively controllable and retentive due to the electrostatic doping, which stems from the electric polarization of the ferroelectric α‐In2Se3. The electronic logic bit can be represented and stored with different orientations of electric dipoles in the top‐gate ferroelectric. The 2D FeFET can be randomly rewritten over more than 105 cycles without losing the nonvolatility. The approach demonstrates a prototype of rewritable nonvolatile memory with ferroelectricity in van der Waals 2D materials.
Ultrathin PtNiM (M = Rh, Os, and Ir) Nanowires as Efficient Fuel Oxidation Electrocatalytic Materials
Authors: Zhang Weiyu , Yang Yong , Huang Bolong , Lv Fan , Wang Kai , Li Na , Luo Mingchuan , Chao Yuguang , Li Yingjie , Sun Yingjun , Xu Zhikun , Qin Yingnan , Yang Wenxiu , Zhou Jinhui , Du Yaping , Su Dong , Guo Shaojun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe development of new electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for alcohol oxidation is an emerging need of direct alcohol fuel cells. However, the commonly used Pt‐based catalysts still exhibit drawbacks including limited catalytic activity, high overpotential, and severe CO poisoning. Here a general approach is reported for preparing ultrathin PtNiM (M = Rh, Os, and Ir) nanowires (NWs) with excellent anti‐CO‐poisoning ability and high activity. Owing to their superior nanostructure and optimal electronic interaction, the ultrathin PtNiM NWs show enhanced electrocatalytic performance for both methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The optimal PtNiRh NWs show mass activity of 1.72 A mg−1 and specific activity of 2.49 mA cm−2 for MOR, which are 3.17 and 2.79 times higher than those of Pt/C. In particular, the onset potentials of PtNiRh NWs for MOR and EOR shift down by about 65 and 85 mV compared with those of Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations further verify their high antipoison properties for MOR and EOR from both an electronic and energetic perspective. Facilitated by the introduction of Rh and Ni, the stable pinning of the Pt 5d band associated with electron‐rich and depletion centers solves the dilemma between reactivity and anti‐CO poisoning.
A Simple and Effective Principle for a Rational Design of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid
Authors: Li Si‐Jia , Zhou Yi‐Tong , Kang Xia , Liu Dong‐Xue , Gu Lin , Zhang Qing‐Hua , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEfficient and selective dehydrogenation of formic acid is a key challenge for a fuel‐cell‐based hydrogen economy. Though the development of heterogeneous catalysts has received much progress, their catalytic activity remains insufficient. Moreover, the design principle of such catalysts are still unclear. Here, experimental and theoretical studies on a series of mono‐/bi‐metallic nanoparticles supported on a NH2‐N‐rGO substrate are combined for formic acid dehydrogenation where the surface energy of a metal is taken as a relevant indicator for the adsorption ability of the catalyst for guiding catalyst design. The AuPd/NH2‐N‐rGO catalyst shows record catalytic activity by reducing the energy barrier of rate controlling steps of formate adsorption and hydrogen desorption. The obtained excellent results both in experiments and simulations could be extended to other important systems, providing a general guideline to design more efficient catalysts.
Advances in Polyimide‐Based Materials for Space Applications
Authors: Gouzman Irina , Grossman Eitan , Verker Ronen , Atar Nurit , Bolker Asaf , Eliaz Noam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe space environment raises many challenges for new materials development and ground characterization. These environmental hazards in space include solar radiation, energetic particles, vacuum, micrometeoroids and debris, and space plasma. In low Earth orbits, there is also a significant concentration of highly reactive atomic oxygen (AO). This Progress Report focuses on the development of space‐durable polyimide (PI)‐based materials and nanocomposites and their testing under simulated space environment. Commercial PIs suffer from AO‐induced erosion and surface electric charging. Modified PIs and PI‐based nanocomposites are developed and tested to resist degradation in space. The durability of PIs in AO is successfully increased by addition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. Conductive materials are prepared based on composites of PI and either carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets or 3D‐graphene structures. 3D PI structures, which can expand PI space applications, made by either additive manufacturing (AM) or thermoforming, are presented. The selection of AM‐processable engineering polymers in general, and PIs in particular, is relatively limited. Here, innovative preliminary results of a PI‐based material processed by the PolyJet technology are presented.
Entropy‐Maximized Synthesis of Multimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts via a Ultrasonication‐Assisted Wet Chemistry Method under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Zhang Zihao , Okejiri Francis , Yang Shize , Zhou Shenghu , Dai Sheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA facile ultrasonication‐assisted wet chemistry method for preparing multicomponent alloy nanoparticles (NPs) including high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) is reported. PtAuPdRhRu alloy (HEA), quaternary PtAuPdRh alloy, and ternary PtAuPd alloy NPs are produced with ≈3 nm in diameter. Taking advantage of the acoustic cavitation phenomenon in ultrasonication process, noble metal precursors could be co‐reduced by chemical reductants and transform to alloy structures under operation at room conditions. The instantaneous massive energy (≈5000 °C, 2000 atm) occurring in momentary timespans (≤10−9 s) contributes to the formation of multimetallic mixed nanomaterials driven by entropy maximization. Owing to strong synergistic effects, the catalysts with the HEA NPs supported on carbons exhibit prominent electrocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution reaction.
2D New Nonmetal Photocatalyst of Sulfur‐Doped h‐BN Nanosheeets with High Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zhao Gang , Wang Aizhu , He Weidong , Xing Yupeng , Xu Xijin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract2D nonmetal hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BNNS) are attracting more attention in the field of catalysis due to their excellent adsorption and photooxidation resistance performances. Here, for the first time, the possible adjustment of the bandgap of h‐BNNS (4.13 eV) by doping sulfur atoms is theoretically demonstrated and experimentally realized, which causes h‐BNNS (no photocatalytic property) to possess impressive visible light photocatalytic properties. The photodegradation efficiency (η) of S‐BNNS for rhodamine B reaches 97.2% for 3 h, and the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency is 1348.5 µmol h−1 g−1, which are higher than those of the common visible light photocatalysts (S and g‐C3N4). This approach is of guiding significance for the application of h‐BNNS in the field of photocatalysis.
Stretchable Piezoelectric Sensing Systems for Self‐Powered and Wireless Health Monitoring
Authors: Sun Rujie , Carreira Sara Correia , Chen Yan , Xiang Chaoqun , Xu Lulu , Zhang Bing , Chen Mudan , Farrow Ian , Scarpa Fabrizio , Rossiter Jonathan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContinuous monitoring of human physiological signals is critical to managing personal healthcare by early detection of health disorders. Wearable and implantable devices are attracting growing attention as they show great potential for real‐time recording of physiological conditions and body motions. Conventional piezoelectric sensors have the advantage of potentially being self‐powered, but have limitations due to their intrinsic lack of stretchability. Herein, a kirigami approach to realize a novel stretchable strain sensor is introduced through a network of cut patterns in a piezoelectric thin film, exploiting the anisotropic and local bending that the patterns induce. The resulting pattern simultaneously enhances the electrical performance of the film and its stretchability while retaining the mechanical integrity of the underlying materials. The power output is enhanced from the mechano‐electric piezoelectric sensing effect by introducing an intersegment, through‐plane, electrode pattern. By additionally integrating wireless electronics, this sensing network could work in an entirely battery‐free mode. The kirigami stretchable piezoelectric sensor is demonstrated in cardiac monitoring and wearable body tracking applications. The integrated soft, stretchable, and biocompatible sensor demonstrates excellent in vitro and ex vivo performances and provides insights for the potential use in myriad biomedical and wearable health monitoring applications.
2‐Propargyl Alcohols in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Qian Hongwei , Huang Dayun , Bi Yicheng , Yan Guobing 
Published: February 2019

Abstract2‐Propargyl alcohols are widely used in organic reactions. Their great success is rooted in the presence of multiple functional groups. This review will focus on six types of mechanisms: (i) 2‐propargyl alcohols as carbocation precursors, (ii) alkynes as electrophiles, (iii) alcohols as nucleophiles, (iv) fracture via ketones or elimination into alkene intermediates, (v) oxidation into alkynyl‐ortho‐quinone methides or carbonyl intermediates, and (vi) ring expansions. Reactions involving alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, amines, amides, ketones, CO2, hydrazine, iodobenzene, azides, carbenes, arylboronic acids, etc. will be discussed. We hope that this review will help to promote future research in this area.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of gem‐Bisarylthio Enamines under Redox‐Neutral Conditions
Authors: Ni Jiabin , Mao Xiaokang , Zhang Ao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn efficient approach for the construction of gem‐bisarylthio enamines via coupling of oxime acetates with diaryl disulfides is developed. This process involved copper‐catalyzed N−O/S−S bond cleavages and formation of two new C−S bonds. A broad range of substrates with diverse functional groups were tolerated.magnified image
A New P2‐Type Layered Oxide Cathode with Extremely High Energy Density for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Kim Jongsoon , Yu Tae‐Yeon , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, a new P2‐type layered oxide is proposed as an outstanding intercalation cathode material for high energy density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). On the basis of the stoichiometry of sodium and transition metals, the P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode is synthesized without impurities phase by partially substituting Ni and Fe into the Mn sites. The partial substitution results in a smoothing of the electrochemical charge/discharge profiles and thus greatly improves the battery performance. The P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode delivers an extremely high discharge capacity of 221.5 mAh g−1 with a high average potential of ≈2.9 V (vs Na/Na+) for SIBs. In addition, the fast Na‐ion transport in the P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode structure enables good power capability with an extremely high current density of 2400 mA g−1 (full charge/discharge in 12 min) and long‐term cycling stability with ≈80% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 600 mA g−1. A combination of electrochemical profiles, in operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis, and first‐principles calculations are used to understand the overall Na storage mechanism of P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2.
Consensus Core Point‐of‐care Ultrasound Applications for Pediatric Emergency Medicine Training
Authors: Shefrin Allan Evan , Warkentine Fred , Constantine Erika , Toney Amanda , Uya Atim , Doniger Stephanie J. , Sivitz Adam Brand , Horowitz Russ , Kessler David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians have variably incorporated point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) into their practice. Prior guidelines describe the scope of POCUS practice for PEM physicians; however, consensus does not yet exist about which applications should be prioritized and taught as fundamental skills for PEM trainees. Members of the PEM POCUS Network (P2Network) conducted a consensus‐building process to determine which applications to incorporate into PEM fellowship training.MethodsA multinational group of experts in PEM POCUS was recruited from the P2Network and greater PEM POCUS community if they met the following criteria: performed over 1,000 POCUS scans and had at least 3 years of experience teaching POCUS to PEM fellows, were a local academic POCUS leader, or completed a formal PEM POCUS fellowship. Experts rated 60 possible PEM POCUS applications for their importance to include as part of a PEM fellowship curriculum using a modified Delphi consensus‐building technique.ResultsIn round 1, 66 of 92 (72%) participants responded to an e‐mail survey of which 48 met expert criteria and completed the survey. Consensus was reached to include 18 items in a PEM fellowship curriculum and to exclude two items. The 40 remaining items and seven additional items were considered in round 2. Thirty‐seven of 48 (77%) experts completed round 2 reaching consensus to include three more items and exclude five. The remaining 39 items did not reach consensus for inclusion or exclusion.ConclusionExperts reached consensus on 21 core POCUS applications to include in PEM fellowship curricula.
Role of nutrition in gastroenterological surgery
Authors: Fukatsu Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNutrition plays important roles in recovery after gastroenterological surgery. Severe surgical stress increases muscle breakdown and lipolysis, thereby accelerating wound healing and enhancing host defense against microbes. Malnourished patients have insufficient amounts of muscle and body fat. Therefore, they may not appropriately respond to surgical stress. Perioperative nutritional therapy maintaining nutritional status reduces postoperative complications and accelerates recovery after surgery, particularly for malnourished patients. In addition, perioperative oral or enteral nutrition is now recommended for preserving host defense mechanisms against microbes. Lack of enteral nutrition impairs gut and hepatic immunity, systemic mucosal defense and peritoneal host defense, even when nutrient amounts supplied by parenteral nutrition are adequate. Thus, surgeons should avoid no oral or enteral nutrition periods. Supplemental administration of specific nutrients such as glutamine, arginine and ω‐3 fatty acids is termed “immunonutrition”, and is expected to reduce the morbidity of infectious complications and length of hospital stay. Nutritional therapy is important even after discharge to maintain body weight and compensate for abnormalities in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Understanding the significance of nutrition in gastroenterological patients leads to better outcomes.
A mixed‐integer programming approach for clustering demand data for multiscale mathematical programming applications
Authors: Alhameli Falah , Elkamel Ali , Betancourt‐Torcat Alberto , Almansoori Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAcross all sectors within the energy and process industry, tremendous efforts have been devoted toward the development and operation of agile manufacturing techniques to respond to customer needs and volatile markets while at the same time control costs, improve efficiency, and reduce pollution. This has created a demand for systems to solve complex integrated planning and scheduling problems that bridge the gap between the different functional and strategic decision‐making levels. Integration across supply chain decision levels is key to improving investment returns. Different approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem. However, most of them are problem‐specific or applicable only to short time horizons. Clustering has the potential to handle such problems by grouping similar input parameters together and considerably reduce the model size while not compromising solution accuracy. This work presents a new class of clustering algorithms to support the integration of planning applications of different time scales. The clustering algorithms were formulated using integer programming with integral absolute error as similarity measure. The algorithms were successfully applied to clustering electricity demand data and applied to the unit commitment problem. The computational performances of the proposed normal and sequence clustering algorithms were compared against a full planning model that does not employ clustering. The results show a clear advantage in terms of solution time compared to the full‐scale case while maintaining solution accuracy.
A machine learning approach for electrical capacitance tomography measurement of gas–solid fluidized beds
Authors: Guo Qiang , Ye Mao , Yang Wuqiang , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectrical capacitance tomography has been widely used to obtain key hydrodynamic parameters of gas–solid fluidized beds, which is normally realized by first reconstructing images and then by analyzing these images. This indirect approach is time‐consuming and hence difficult for on‐line monitoring. Meanwhile, considering recurrence of similar flow patterns in fluidized beds, most of these calculations are repetitive and should be avoided. Here, we develop a machine learning approach to address these problems. First, superficial gas velocity linear‐increasing strategy is used to perform high‐throughput experiments to collect a large amount of training samples. These samples are used to train the map from normalized capacitance measurements to key parameters that obtained by an iterative image reconstruction algorithm off‐line. The trained model can then be used for on‐line monitoring. Preliminary tests revealed that the trained models show good prediction and generality for the estimation of the overall solid concentration and the equivalent bubble diameter.
A simultaneous approach for singular optimal control based on partial moving grid
Authors: Chen Weifeng , Ren Yinyin , Zhang Guijun , Biegler Lorenz T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSingular optimal control plays an important role in process engineering, including optimal operation of batch and semi‐batch reactions. However, for many practical applications, accurate solution of singular optimal control profiles is still an open issue. In particular, numerical optimization must deal with an ill‐conditioned problem that often leads to very slow convergence or failure. Starting from the nested approach in our previous work in 2016, this study develops a more efficient strategy for singular control through a heuristic approach for the outer problem. The approach includes three stages. Starting from a coarse distribution of finite elements, sufficiently many finite elements are inserted where control profiles are steep and fixed gridpoints are inserted on the basis of error estimation of state profiles. Then, moving gridpoints are inserted where the modified switching function is violated. Initial junctions are obtained by moving the latest inserted gridpoints. Moreover, further mesh refinements are considered based on switching point detection and a moving grid point update strategy, until modified switching conditions are satisfied over the whole‐time span. A key feature of this approach is that only a subset of finite elements needs to move during optimization. Complexity of the optimization formulation is considerably decreased compared to our previous work. This approach is demonstrated on eight classical singular control problems with known solutions, as well as six complex singular control problems drawn from the chemical engineering literature.
Kinetic study of cellulose hydrolysis with tungsten‐based acid catalysts
Authors: Li Zhenlei , Zhang Junying , Hou Baolin , Wang Aiqin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTungsten plays an important role in transforming cellulose to C2C3 polyols. In previous reports, the research focus was mainly on the CC cleavage reactions of cellulose catalyzed by various tungsten‐containing catalysts, but less on its catalytic role in cellulose hydrolysis although it is usually considered as the rate‐determining step in cellulose conversion. In this article, the method of determining kinetics parameters for hydrolyzing cellulose into glucose was developed. The effects of reaction temperature, different tungsten‐based acid catalysts, and H+ concentration on reaction rate of hydrolyzing cellulose into glucose were quantitatively addressed. The relevant reaction rate equations with using H3O40PW12, H4O40SiW12, and H2WO4 as tungsten acid catalysts were obtained in developed batch continuous stirred tank reactors and validated by experimental data. The simulating analysis indicates that the reaction mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis can change with the temperature. H3O40PW12 is the best candidate catalyst for obtaining the maximum glucose concentration.
Revisiting the Chichibabin Reaction: C2 Amination of Pyridines with a NaH−Iodide Composite
Authors: Pang Jia Hao , Kaga Atsushi , Roediger Sven , Lin Min Htoo , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA NaH‐iodide composite was found capable of mediating the Chichibabin amination under mild reaction conditions, allowing efficient access to a range of 2‐aminopyridines and their derivatives.
Versatile Synthetic Route to Cycloheximide and Analogues That Potently Inhibit Translation Elongation
Authors: Park Yongho , Koga Yumi , Su Cindy , Waterbury Amanda L. , Johnny Christopher L. , Liau Brian B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCycloheximide (CHX) is an inhibitor of eukaryotic translation elongation that has played an essential role in the study of protein synthesis. Despite its ubiquity, few studies have been directed towards accessing synthetic CHX derivatives, even though such efforts may lead to protein synthesis inhibitors with improved or alternate properties. Described here is the total synthesis of CHX and analogues, and the establishment of structure–activity relationships (SAR) responsible for translation inhibition. The SAR studies aided the design of more potent compounds, one of which irreversibly blocks ribosomal elongation, preserves polysome profiles, and may be a broadly useful tool for investigating protein synthesis.