bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single umbilical artery and risk of congenital malformation: population‐based study in Norway
Authors: Ebbing C. , Kessler J. , Moster D. , Rasmussen S. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesSingle umbilical artery (SUA) is associated with congenital malformations in most organ systems, but reported findings have not been consistent. While it has been suggested that genetic and persisting environmental factors influence the development of SUA, it is not known whether there is an increased risk of recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy of the same woman. The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of, and risk factors for, SUA in Norway, to assess its association with congenital malformations and trisomies 13, 18 and 21 and to study the risk of recurrence of SUA in subsequent pregnancies.MethodsThis was a population‐based study of all (n = 918 933) singleton pregnancies of > 16 weeks' gestation recorded in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway from 1999 to 2014. To identify risk factors and congenital malformations associated with SUA, generalized estimating equations and logistic regression were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs. ORs were also calculated for the recurrence of SUA in subsequent pregnancy.ResultsThe occurrence of SUA in our population was 0.46% (4241/918 933). Parity ≥ 4, smoking, maternal pregestational diabetes, epilepsy, chronic hypertension, previous Cesarean delivery and conception by assisted reproductive technology increased the odds of having SUA. There was a particularly strong association between SUA and gastrointestinal atresia or stenosis in the neonate, with ORs of 25.8 (95% CI, 17.0–39.1) and 20.3 (95% CI, 13.4–30.9) for esophageal and anorectal atresia or stenosis, respectively, followed by an OR of 5.9 (95% CI, 1.9–18.5) for renal agenesis. SUA was associated with an up to 7–8 times increased risk of congenital heart defects. There was an association with microcephaly, congenital hydrocephalus and other congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord. Diaphragmatic hernia, limb reductions and cleft lip or palate had a weaker association with SUA, with ORs ranging from 4.8 to 2.8. The associations with trisomy 18 and 13 were equally strong (OR 14.4 (95% CI, 9.3–22.4) and OR 13.6 (95% CI, 6.7–27.8), respectively), and the risk of trisomy 21 was doubled (OR 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2–3.6)). Pregnancies with SUA, with or without an associated malformation, had a 2‐fold increased risk for SUA in a subsequent pregnancy.ConclusionsSUA is associated strongly with gastrointestinal atresia or stenosis, suggesting common developmental mechanisms. The increased risk of recurrence of SUA suggests that genetic and/or persisting environmental factors influence the risk. We found that SUA had equally strong associations with trisomies 13 and 18. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Enhanced estimation of boundary layer advective properties to improve space‐to‐time conversion processes for wind energy applications
Authors: Duncan James B. , Hirth Brian D. , Schroeder John L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRemote sensing instruments that scan have the ability to provide high‐resolution spatial measurements of atmospheric boundary layer winds across a region. However, the ability to use these spatially distributed measurements to extract temporal variations in the flow at time scales less than the measurement revisit period is historically limited. As part of this work, the framework for an enhanced space‐to‐time conversion technique is established, allowing for time histories of atmospheric boundary layer wind characteristics to be reliably extracted for locations within the measurement domain. This space‐to‐time conversion technique is made possible by quantifying momentum advection within the measurement domain, rather than simply assuming a uniform advection based on a singular mean wind speed and direction. The use of this technique enables the extraction of long lead‐time (ie, upwards of 60 seconds) forecasts of wind speed and direction at individual locations within the measurement domain, thereby expanding the application and potential benefits of scanning instruments. For example, these long lead‐time forecasts can be used to enhance proactive wind turbine control and more accurately define wind turbine wake statistics.
Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay: The challenge of telling right from wrong in a complex transcriptome
Authors: Kishor Aparna , Fritz Sarah E. , Hogg J. Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay pathway selects and degrades its targets using a dense network of RNA‐protein and protein–protein interactions. Together, these interactions allow the pathway to collect copious information about the translating mRNA, including translation termination status, splice junction positions, mRNP composition, and 3′UTR length and structure. The core NMD machinery, centered on the RNA helicase UPF1, integrates this information to determine the efficiency of decay. A picture of NMD is emerging in which many factors contribute to the dynamics of decay complex assembly and disassembly, thereby influencing the probability of decay. The ability of the NMD pathway to recognize mRNP features of diverse potential substrates allows it to simultaneously perform quality control and regulatory functions. In vertebrates, increased transcriptome complexity requires balance between these two functions since high NMD efficiency is desirable for maintenance of quality control fidelity but may impair expression of normal mRNAs. NMD has adapted to this challenge by employing mechanisms to enhance identification of certain potential substrates, while using sequence‐specific RNA‐binding proteins to shield others from detection. These elaborations on the conserved NMD mechanism permit more sensitive post‐transcriptional gene regulation but can have severe deleterious consequences, including the failure to degrade pathogenic aberrant mRNAs in many B cell lymphomas.This article is categorized under:
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Adolescent stress reactivity: Examining physiological, psychological and peer relationship measures with a group stress protocol in a school setting
Authors: Katz Deirdre A. , Peckins Melissa K. , Lyon Celena C. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescents experience enhanced social sensitivity and biopsychosocial changes that can be challenging. Much remains unknown about the effect of psychological characteristics and peer relationships on adolescents’ physiological responses to stress, due in part to methodological limitations.MethodsTo test how adolescents’ peer relationships and psychological characteristics are associated with their physiological and psychological response to stress, we administered the Group Public Speaking Task for Adolescents (GPST‐A) to 54 adolescents (n = 40 girls; Mage = 16.6 years) in two high schools in the United States. Salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase (sAA), and positive and negative affect were measured six times. Relationships among group members were measured, resulting in whole‐network data. State and trait rumination, five factors of coping, and emotional reappraisal and suppression were measured along with symptoms of depression and anxiety.ResultsGreater levels of negative evaluation and victimization among group members were associated with a steeper increase and decline in the negative affect response, yet not associated with the physiological response to stress. Greater positive affect was associated with decreased cortisol reactivity, whereas negative affect was associated with steeper cortisol and sAA reactivity. Rumination, disengagement coping, and depression symptoms were related to the physiological response to stress.ConclusionsThe GPST‐A is feasible to administer in a school context with adolescents to collect both physiological and psychological stress responses. Findings from the present study suggest peer relationships are important for understanding adolescents' psychological response to stressors while psychological characteristics are important for adolescents’ physiological response to stress.
Endoscopic stent in malignant colonic obstruction: the risk of tumor seeding
Authors: Leite Marta Ludovina Loureiro Fernandes , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction Malignant colonic occlusion is traditionally considered a surgical emergency. With the development of endoscopic techniques, metallic stents have emerged to ensure the colonic patency in nonsurgical candidates and, more recently, as a temporary measure until elective resection surgery is possible.
Materials and methods The research was conducted in PubMed and collected a total of 46 articles, including cross-references.
Results Ideally, intestinal occlusion should be resolved through tumor's primary resection with direct anastomosis. To avoid dehiscence of the anastomosis, tumor's resection may be performed with Hartmann's procedure. Metal stents are an alternative to emergency surgery and show excellent results in reliving colonic obstruction. However, they may have serious complications related to colonic perforation, migration and tumor dissemination.
Discussion and conclusion Observational studies and clinical trials show discrepant results. Metal stents are increasingly accepted in palliative care but are not yet recommended as a bridge to curative surgery. Treatment should be individualized, according to surgical risk and the probability of endoscopic complications.
Pregnancy and Sexual Relationships Study Involving wOmen and meN (PASSION Study)
Authors: Dwarica Denicia S. , Collins Gretchen G. , Fitzgerald Colleen M. , Joyce Cara , Brincat Cynthia , Lynn Mary 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual satisfaction is believed to decrease during pregnancy; however, the effect of pregnancy on the sexual relationship in a couple is not well studied.

Aim
To assess for sexual dysfunction in heterosexual couples during pregnancy.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study of heterosexual pregnant women in the third trimester and their cohabitating partners.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual satisfaction in heterosexual couples during pregnancy was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire, the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire.

Results
A total of 53 couples met eligibility criteria, and nearly all of those approached participated (52 of 53 couples). All couples were enrolled at or after 35 weeks’ gestation. The mean age was 29.0 ± 6.4 and 31.3 ± 6.9 years for women and men, respectively. 60% of couples were married, and the remainder were cohabitating and in a committed relationship. When analyzing the results of the GRISS questionnaire for both partners, a significant difference was seen in mean avoidance of sex between women and men (3.31 vs 2.63; P = .047) and non-sensuality (3.54 vs 2.75; P = .040). Women reported more of a decrease in communication about sex when compared with their partners (3.79 vs 3.23; P = .047). Vaginismus was more problematic during pregnancy than before (mean = 4.17), and frequency of intercourse was decreased (mean = 4.93) based on calculated GRISS scores.

Clinical Implications
Pregnant couples reported decreased frequency of intercourse and more pain with intercourse in women. Women were more likely to avoid intercourse and reported more problems with communication regarding sexual needs.

Strength & Limitations
This study is the first to assess both partners in pregnancy. Due to the nature of the study, we were unable to assess other factors affecting the relationship that may result in sexual dysfunction, there was no control group, and the results are limited to heterosexual couples.

Conclusion
Overall sexual satisfaction and function were not problematic for these couples during pregnancy based on the GRISS scale.
Public Archaeology's Mammoth in the Room: Engaging Wikipedia as a Tool for Teaching and Outreach
Authors: Grillo Katherine M. , Contreras Daniel A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough archaeology has become increasingly concerned with engaging diverse publics, and has embraced the internet as a means of facilitating such engagement, attitudes towards Wikipedia have—understandably—been more ambivalent. Nevertheless, we argue here, Wikipedia's popularity and reach mean that archaeologists should actively engage with the website by adding and improving archaeological content. One way to do this is in the classroom: this paper provides a detailed how-to for instructors interested in having students create new Wikipedia content. We provide a case study in Wikipedia engagement from an advanced undergraduate course on African Archaeology, assess a program (Wiki Education) designed to help, and suggest further avenues for future outreach. We conclude that Wikipedia's utopian mission aligns with many of the goals of public archaeology, and argue that archaeology has much to gain by engaging with—rather than ignoring or even shunning—Wikipedia.
Spatio-temporal variations in seasonal ice tongue submarine melt rate at a tidewater glacier in southwest Greenland
Authors: MOYER A. N. , NIENOW P. W. , GOURMELEN N. , SOLE A. J. , SLATER D. A. , TRUFFER M. , FAHNESTOCK M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTSubmarine melting of tidewater glaciers is proposed as a trigger for their recent thinning, acceleration and retreat. We estimate spring submarine melt rates (SMRs) of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia in southwest Greenland, from 2012 to 2014, by examining changes in along-fjord freeboard and velocity of the seasonal floating ice tongue. Estimated SMRs vary spatially and temporally near the grounding line, with mean rates of 1.3 ± 0.6, 0.8 ± 0.3 and 1.0 ± 0.4 m d−1across the tongue in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Higher melt rates correspond with locations of emerging subglacial plumes and terminus calving activity observed during the melt season using time-lapse camera imagery. Modelling of subglacial flow paths suggests a dynamic system capable of rapid re-routing of subglacial discharge both within and between melt seasons. Our results provide an empirically-derived link between the presence of subglacial discharge plumes and areas of high spring submarine melting and calving along glacier termini.
Maximum Altitude Sailplane Winch-Launch Trajectories
Authors: Pierson B L 
Published: May 2019

SummaryA class of dynamic sailplane winch-launch trajectory problems for maximum altitude is formulated. Numerical solutions are presented for representative values of maximum allowed lift coefficient and cable acceleration. The optimal trajectory is shown to consist of a climb-dive-climb sequence. An inequality constraint on cable retraction speed is also imposed and results in more realistic trajectories.
An Alternative Treatment of Boundary Conditions for the Flow over Thick Wings
Authors: Nixon D 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAn alternative method of treating the boundary conditions for wing and body flow problems is developed and a detailed analysis for the flow around two-dimensional aerofoils is given. The basis of the method is the concept of an analytic continuation of the exterior flow to give a fictitious interior flow and a modified problem which can be solved using the ideas of thin-wing theory. The detailed analysis for flows described by the linear Prandtl-Glauert potential equation is given. The results obtained for several examples are satisfactory. The application of the theory to continuous and discontinuous transonic flows is outlined.
Mixing Length in the Wall Region of Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Galbraith R A McD , Sjolander S , Head M R 
Published: May 2019

SummaryEvidence is presented to show that the universal law of the wall has a wider range of validity than the assumptionl= ky, with k a universal constant. If an effective value of k is defined for the wall region its value is shown to vary between wide limits, and keffcan be correlated with other parameters describing the flow in the wall region.
Transition to a Rising Core at the Centre of a Vortex. Simplified Analysis for Laminar Flow
Authors: Head M R , Prahlad T S , Phillips W R C 
Published: May 2019

SummaryA free-vortex flow over a stationary disc produces a boundary layer on the surface which proceeds inwards towards the centre under the action of the imposed radial pressure gradient. Close to the centre the boundary layer leaves the surface to form a rising core. The present paper uses a control-volume approach and earlier calculations of laminar boundary-layer development on the disc to determine the characteristics of the core-formation process.
An Algorithm for Autonomous Non-linear Dynamical Equations
Authors: Simpson A 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe method of Beecham and Titchener is extended to systems with n degrees of freedom and is shown to be a combination of the averaging principle and the method of variation of parameters. In this extended form, the method provides a powerful solution algorithm for non-linear problems such as those which arise in aircraft structural dynamics and aeroelasticity. The method is exemplified in application to a two-degree-of-freedom damped non-linear oscillator and to a binary (flexure-aileron) non-linear flutter system. The method is finally extended to non-linear differential equations in first-order form such as those which arise commonly in flight mechanics.
Comparison of Numerical and Experimental “Conical” Flow Fields in Supersonic Corners with Compression and/or Expansion
Authors: Anderson D A , Nangia R K 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe flow field produced by the intersection of two plane solid surfaces in a supersonic stream is a complex interference flow. These flows can be fully compressive, fully expansive or of mixed compression-expansion nature. This paper presents a comparison of the flow field structure in an axial corner obtained experimentally with that predicted numerically by using a shock-capturing finite-difference method. The effect of sweep and surface deflection are evaluated and the general influence of each is presented for the three classes of corner flows. The results of this study show that the numerical method is a valuable aid in understanding the flow structure for simple configurations. In addition confidence in the numerical method is gained for use in solving the more general three-dimensional configurations where the flow is non-conical and several wave interactions may be present.
A systematic review of the effects of increasing arachidonic acid intake on PUFA status, metabolism and health-related outcomes in humans
Authors: Calder Philip C. , Campoy Cristina , Eilander Ans , Fleith Mathilde , Forsyth Stewart , Larsson Per-Olof , Schelkle Bettina , Lohner Szimonetta , Szommer Aliz , van de Heijning Bert J. M. , Mensink Ronald P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT) of increased intake of arachidonic acid (ARA) on fatty acid status and health outcomes in humans. We identified twenty-two articles from fourteen RCT. Most studies were conducted in adults. These used between 80 and 2000 mg ARA per d and were of 1–12 weeks duration. Supplementation with ARA doses as low as 80 mg/d increased the content of ARA in different blood fractions. Overall there seem to be few marked benefits for adults of increasing ARA intake from the typical usual intake of 100–200 mg/d to as much as 1000 mg/d; the few studies using higher doses (1500 or 2000 mg/d) also report little benefit. However, there may be an impact of ARA on cognitive and muscle function which could be particularly relevant in the ageing population. The studies reviewed here suggest no adverse effects in adults of increased ARA intake up to at least 1000–1500 mg/d on blood lipids, platelet aggregation and blood clotting, immune function, inflammation or urinary excretion of ARA metabolites. However, in many areas there are insufficient studies to make firm conclusions, and higher intakes of ARA are deserving of further study. Based on the RCT reviewed, there are not enough data to make any recommendations for specific health effects of ARA intake.
An agenda for Irish history, 1978-2018
Authors: Edwards R. Dudley 
Published: May 2019

The celebration of the fortieth anniversary of the two societies, the Irish Historical Society and the Ulster Society for Irish Historical Studies, suggests that, having looked backwards over the achievements of the first forty years, we may look forward to what might be done in the comparable future.The main achievements of these societies, the promoting of objective Irish history and the maintaining of a common cultural outlook on Irish history, were secured by the admission of Ireland as a cultural entity to the international historical organisation, the Comité International des Sciences Historiques.
Waiver of Statutory Rights in Israel Labour Law: A Comparative Analysis in Light of English and American Law
Authors: Schreiber Herbert 
Published: May 2019

One of the recurring issues of Israel labour law has been whether an employee may validly waive statutory rights conferred upon him. This issue had led to a head-on collision between the Supreme Court and the Labour Court, with the latter adopting a position directly contradicting the Supreme Court's precedents on this issue.On certain issues the Courts are in agreement. Both concede that a waiver is unenforceable where the employee is unaware of his statutory rights. Both concur that labour legislation is cognitive in nature and that an employee may not initially “contract-out” statutory rights conferred upon him. However where the right has already “accrued”—that is, where the employee is entitled by law to claim certain statutory benefits as a result of past employment—the Courts are in open conflict. The Supreme Court has adopted the position that an employee may waive such existing and accrued rights by agreement, may compromise them by settlement and may submit any disputed issue respecting them to an arbitrator for determination.