bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local environment and space drive multiple facets of stream macroinvertebrate beta diversity
Authors: Perez Rocha Mariana , Bini Luis M. , Domisch Sami , Tolonen Kimmo T. , Jyrkänkallio‐Mikkola Jenny , Soininen Janne , Hjort Jan , Heino Jani 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimUnderstanding variation in biodiversity typically requires consideration of factors operating at different spatial scales. Recently, ecologists and biogeographers have recognized the need of analysing ecological communities in the light of multiple facets including not only species‐level information but also functional and phylogenetic approaches to improve our understanding of the relative contribution of processes shaping biodiversity. Here, our aim was to disentangle the relative importance of environmental variables measured at multiple levels (i.e., local, catchment, climate, and spatial variables) influencing variation in macroinvertebrate beta diversity facets (i.e., species, traits, and phylogeny) and their components (i.e., replacement and abundance difference) in boreal streams.TaxonAquatic macroinvertebratesLocationWestern FinlandMethodsA total of 105 streams were sampled in western Finland, encompassing a geographical extent over 500 km. We analysed variation in the different beta diversity facets and components using distance‐based redundancy analysis and associated variation partitioning procedures. We modelled spatial structures using distance‐based Moran eigenvector maps.ResultsWe found that the relative influence of explanatory variables on each diversity facet and component revealed relatively similar patterns. Our main finding was that local environmental and spatial variables generally contributed most to the total explained variability in all facets and components of beta diversity, whereas catchment and climate variables explained less variation in the beta diversity facets at the spatial scale considered in this study.Main conclusionsDifferent facets of beta diversity were mainly influenced by local environmental variables and spatial structuring, likely acting through deterministic and stochastic pathways respectively. Identifying the ecological variables and mechanisms that drive variation in beta diversity may be used to guide the conservation and restoration efforts for biodiversity under global change.
Time trends in incidence and mortality of cutaneous melanoma in Germany
Authors: Garbe C. , Keim U. , Eigentler T. K. , Amaral T. , Katalinic A. , Holleczek B. , Martus P. , Leiter U. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize incidence and mortality trends of cutaneous melanoma (CM) in Germany to extrapolate these data until 2030.MethodsWe evaluated data from the Centre for Cancer Registry Data (1999–2012) and from the Saarland Cancer Registry (1970–2012). Age‐standardized (according to the European Standard Population, WHO 1976) incidence and mortality rates [age‐standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age‐standardized mortality rates (ASMRs)] and crude incidence and mortality rates [crude incidence rates (CIRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs)] were analysed.ResultsIn entire Germany, ASIRs increased by 55% to 19.2 and CIRs by 77% to 26.0 new cases per 100 000 from 1999 to 2012. ASMRs remained stable, whereas CMR increased by 58% to 4.1 for males and by 30% to 3.0 for females per 100 000. In the Federal State of Saarland, ASIRs increased more than four‐fold to 13.1, CIRs increased six–seven fold to 18.5/100 000 from 1970 to 2012. In the same period, ASMRs increased three‐fold in males and two‐fold in females to 2.5 and 1.6, whereas CMRs increased 5.5‐fold in males and 3.5‐fold in females to 3.9 and 3.2/100 000, mainly caused by steep increases of CIRs and CMRs in age groups ≥60 years. Projected CIRs will rise to 44–46 for males and 38–40 for females in 2030. Steepest increases were extrapolated for patients ≥60 years, especially for males, but are also expected for age groups of 40–59 years. In contrast, CIRs are anticipated to stabilize for subjects <40 years.ConclusionsThere is a constant increase in incidence and mortality rates for CM in Germany. As the German population is ageing and the current population has already accumulated high levels of UV exposure, a further increase in melanoma incidence is projected for the future without signs of levelling‐off.
Gender and age significantly determine patient needs and treatment goals in psoriasis – a lesson for practice
Authors: Maul J.‐T. , Navarini A.A. , Sommer R. , Anzengruber F. , Sorbe C. , Mrowietz U. , Drach M. , Blome C. , Boehncke W.‐H. , Thaci D. , Reich K. , von Kiedrowski R. , Körber A. , Yawalkar N. , Mainetti C. , Laffitte E. , Streit M. , Rustenbach S. , Conrad C. , Borradori L. , Gilliet M. , Cozzio A. , Itin P. , Häusermann P. , French L.E. , Radtke M.A. , Augustin M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThough patient needs are key drivers of treatment decisions, they are rarely systematically investigated in routine care.ObjectiveThis study aimed at analysing needs and expectations from the patient perspective in the German and Swiss psoriasis registries PsoBest and Swiss Dermatology Network of Targeted Therapies (SDNTT) with respect to treatment choice, age and gender.MethodsThe German and Swiss psoriasis registries observe patients recruited at first‐time use of systemic drugs. Within 10 years, clinical [Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area (BSA)] and patient‐reported outcomes are documented, including the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) and the Patient Benefit Index (PBI), characterizing patient needs for treatment. The analysis data set includes n = 4894 patients from PsoBest and n = 449 from SDNTT with mean follow‐up time of 7.5 months.ResultsA total of 5343 patients registered between 2008 and 2016 were included in the analyses (at baseline: 59.6% male, mean age 47.6 years ± 14.5, PASI 14.2 ± 9.7, BSA 22.7 ± 19.7, DLQI 11.3 ± 7.2). The most important patient needs were to ‘get better skin quickly’ and to ‘be healed of all skin defects’.Subgroup analyses by age revealed significant differences in needs, especially higher needs regarding social impairments in patients younger than 65 years. Patients 65 years or older attributed more importance to sleep quality, less dependency on medical visits, fewer side‐effects and confidence in the therapy. Out of 25 items reflecting patient needs, 20 items were rated significantly more important by women than men, with the greatest differences regarding feeling of depression, sleep quality and everyday productivity. Divided by treatment, needs were rated differently, recommending individualized and targeted choice of therapy.ConclusionAge and gender stratify patient needs. Women showed higher expectations and rated specific needs in psoriasis treatment higher than men. Analysing the patient needs on an individual level will facilitate shared decisions by patient and physician in finding the optimal personalized treatment.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of spinal epidural empyema in four cats (2010 to 2016)
Authors: Guo S. , Lu D. 
Published: November 2018

This case series reviews previous publications and reports four feline spinal epidural empyema cases that presented with non‐ambulatory thoracolumbar myelopathy. Two cats underwent myelography and two MRI. Bacteria were obtained in three cases, in two from epidural abscesses and from a tail base wound in one; histopathological examination of epidural tissue showed pyogranulomatous changes in the remaining cat. Three cats were treated by surgical decompression plus antimicrobial therapy and one cat was treated medically. All cats showed satisfactory improvement following treatment over a follow‐up period of 3 months. Spinal epidural empyema is a rare condition but all cats in this series had favourable outcomes.
A chromosome‐scale genome assembly reveals a highly dynamic effector repertoire of wheat powdery mildew
Authors: Müller Marion C. , Praz Coraline R. , Sotiropoulos Alexandros G. , Menardo Fabrizio , Kunz Lukas , Schudel Seraina , Oberhänsli Simone , Poretti Manuel , Wehrli Andreas , Bourras Salim , Keller Beat , Wicker Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Summary

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (B.g. tritici) is the causal agent of the wheat powdery mildew disease. The highly fragmented B.g. tritici genome available so far has prevented a systematic analysis of effector genes that are known to be involved in host adaptation. To study the diversity and evolution of effector genes we produced a chromosome‐scale assembly of the B.g. tritici genome.

The genome assembly and annotation was achieved by combining long‐read sequencing with high‐density genetic mapping, bacterial artificial chromosome fingerprinting and transcriptomics.

We found that the 166.6 Mb B.g. tritici genome encodes 844 candidate effector genes, over 40% more than previously reported. Candidate effector genes have characteristic local genomic organization such as gene clustering and enrichment for recombination‐active regions and certain transposable element families. A large group of 412 candidate effector genes shows high plasticity in terms of copy number variation in a global set of 36 isolates and of transcription levels.

Our data suggest that copy number variation and transcriptional flexibility are the main drivers for adaptation in B.g. tritici. The high repeat content may play a role in providing a genomic environment that allows rapid evolution of effector genes with selection as the driving force.
‘Acheronta movebo’
Authors: Yebra José M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses Naomi Alderman's The Power (2016), a (post‐)feminist dystopia where gender roles are reversed after what is called ‘the Cataclysm’. Being victims of male chauvinism, young girls develop the ability to emit an electrical charge through their hands, ‘the power’, which they use against their potential aggressors. One of these girls, Allie, uses it to start a violent female theocracy, not less violent and problematic than the patriarchy it fights against. The Power puts forward a stimulating debate on the justifiability and legitimacy of violence to combat violence. The novel, the paper contends, recasts the poetics and politics of 1990s cyberfeminism to meet new concerns, particularly the discourses of violence and otherness in the context of the twenty‐first‐century political crisis. To prove it, Rosie Braidotti's analysis of cyberfeminism is addressed first, to delve later into how The Power updates Slavoj Žižek's (Violence. London, UK: Profile Books, 2009), Walter Benjamin's (Selected writings. Vol. 1, 1913–1926. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996, pp. 249–251) and Hannah Arendt's (On violence, New York, NY: Harcourt, 1970; The origins of totalitarianism. New York, NY: Harcourt, 1976; On revolution. New York, NY: Penguin Books 1977) conceptions of violence and revolutionary rage.
Instability of BLOC‐2 and BLOC‐3 in Chinese patients with Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome
Authors: Wei Aihua , Yuan Yefeng , Qi Zhan , Liu Teng , Bai Dayong , Zhang Yingzi , Yu Jiaying , Yang Lin , Yang Xiumin , Li Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHermansky‐Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) or ocular albinism (OA), bleeding tendency, and other symptoms due to multiple defects in tissue‐specific lysosome‐related organelles. Ten HPS subtypes have been characterized with mutations in HPS1 to HPS10, which encode the subunits of BLOC‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and AP‐3. Using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), we have screened 100 hypopigmentation genes in OCA or OA patients and identified four HPS‐1, one HPS‐3, one HPS‐4, one HPS‐5, and three HPS‐6. The HPS‐4 case is the first report in the Chinese population. Among these 20 mutational alleles, 16 were previously unreported alleles (6 in HPS1, 1 in HPS3, 2 in HPS4, 2 in HPS5, and 5 in HPS6). BLOC‐2 and BLOC‐3 were destabilized due to the mutation of these HPS genes which are so far the only reported causative genes in Chinese HPS patients, in which HPS‐1 and HPS‐6 are the most common subtypes. The mutational spectrum of Chinese HPS is population specific.
Exposure of immature rat heart to antenatal glucocorticoid results in cardiac proliferation
Authors: Sakurai Kenzo , Osada Yosuke , Takeba Yuko , Mizuno Masanori , Tsuzuki Yoshimitsu , Ohta Yuki , Ootaki Masanori , Iri Taro , Aso Kentaro , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Matsumoto Naoki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundATP synthesis and cardiac contraction‐related protein production are accelerated in the immature fetal heart by antenatal glucocorticoids (GC). This study investigated the structural maturity of the myocardium and underlying signal pathway associated with cardiac growth in fetal rats that received antenatal GC.Methods and ResultsDexamethasone (DEX) was given to pregnant rats for 2 days from day 17 or day 19 of gestation, and the hearts of 19 and 21 day fetuses and 1‐day‐old neonates were analyzed. Although irregular myofibril orientation was observed morphologically in 19 day fetal hearts, the myofibril components were organized in fetuses after DEX. The cross‐sectional area of the myocardium and Ki‐67‐positive cells were significantly increased in fetal DEX groups, suggesting that cardiac enlargement resulted from myocyte proliferation. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) protein was significantly decreased in fetal DEX groups. β‐Catenin and vascular endothelial growth factor protein were also significantly increased. Furthermore, increased cardiomyocyte proliferation appeared to be mediated by GC receptors after culture with DEX in vitro.ConclusionsAntenatal DEX induces structural maturity accompanying cardiomyocyte proliferation in the premature fetal rat heart, and GSK‐3β and β‐catenin are thought to contribute to cardiac growth.
Multiple Testing with the Structure-Adaptive Benjamini–Hochberg Algorithm
Authors: Li Ang , Barber Rina Foygel 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn multiple-testing problems, where a large number of hypotheses are tested simultaneously, false discovery rate (FDR) control can be achieved with the well-known Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, which a(0, 1]dapts to the amount of signal in the data, under certain distributional assumptions. Many modifications of this procedure have been proposed to improve power in scenarios where the hypotheses are organized into groups or into a hierarchy, as well as other structured settings. Here we introduce the ‘structure-adaptive Benjamini–Hochberg algorithm’ (SABHA) as a generalization of these adaptive testing methods. The SABHA method incorporates prior information about any predetermined type of structure in the pattern of locations of the signals and nulls within the list of hypotheses, to reweight the p-values in a data-adaptive way. This raises the power by making more discoveries in regions where signals appear to be more common. Our main theoretical result proves that the SABHA method controls the FDR at a level that is at most slightly higher than the target FDR level, as long as the adaptive weights are constrained sufficiently so as not to overfit too much to the data—interestingly, the excess FDR can be related to the Rademacher complexity or Gaussian width of the class from which we choose our data-adaptive weights. We apply this general framework to various structured settings, including ordered, grouped and low total variation structures, and obtain the bounds on the FDR for each specific setting. We also examine the empirical performance of the SABHA method on functional magnetic resonance imaging activity data and on gene–drug response data, as well as on simulated data.
Extreme aridity prior to lake expansion deciphered from facies evolution in the Miocene Ili Basin, south‐east Kazakhstan
Authors: Frisch Konstantin , Voigt Silke , Voigt Thomas , Hellwig Alexandra , Verestek Verena , Weber Yuki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCentral Asia witnessed progressive aridification during the Miocene, commonly related to mountain uplift, the Paratethys retreat and global climate cooling. However, the formation of Miocene lakes in Central Asia seems to oppose drier conditions, suggesting that the precise timing, extent and forcing of the aridification is still not well constrained. This study presents a facies model for the alluvial–lacustrine part of the Middle to Late Miocene of the Ili Basin, obtained from two successions. The model enables the semi‐quantitative assessment of regional water level and salinity, and characterizes the control of water level on evaporite formation and diagenesis. Both the proximal Kendyrlisai and the distal Aktau successions show an overall increase in water availability from dry mudflat deposits to lacustrine sedimentation with a transitional playa phase. Increasing evaporation rates outpaced the water supply and caused groundwater salinization. Subsequent lake expansion coincided with a basin‐wide desalinization and required a shift to a positive water budget. A climatic control of the hydrological evolution is inferred due to abrupt salinization and a minor tectonic influence. The long‐term water accumulation is probably related to the hydrological closure of the basin in the early Middle Miocene (15·3 Ma). Starting at 14·3 Ma, the step‐wise salinization occurred simultaneously with the global cooling of the Miocene Climate Transition. The Miocene Climate Transition led to extreme aridity in the Ili Basin, highlighted by the early diagenetic formation of displacive anhydrite in the basin centre. The expansion of the freshwater lake (12·7 to 11·5 Ma) was possibly promoted by lower evaporation rates due to decreasing air temperatures in the Ili Basin after the Miocene Climate Transition. The extreme aridity in the Ili Basin is interpreted as a continental counterpart to the Badenian Salinity Crisis in the Central Paratethys. This emphasizes the role of atmospheric forcing on evaporite sedimentation across Eurasia during the Middle Miocene.
The influence of turbidity currents and contour currents on the distribution of deep‐water sediment waves offshore eastern Canada
Authors: Normandeau Alexandre , Campbell D. Calvin , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSediment waves are commonly observed on the sea floor and often vary in morphology and geometry according to factors such as seabed slope, density and discharge of turbidity currents, and the presence of persistent contour currents. This paper documents the morphology, internal geometry and distribution of deep‐water (4000 to 5000 m) bedforms observed on the sea floor offshore eastern Canada using high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry data and seismic stratigraphy. The bedforms have wavelengths of >1 km but fundamentally vary in terms of morphology and internal stratigraphy, and are distinguished into three main types. The first type, characterized by their long‐wavelength crescentic shape, is interpreted as net‐erosional cyclic steps. These cyclic steps were formed by turbidity currents flowing through canyons and overtopping and breaching levées. The second type, characterized by their linear shape and presence on levées, is interpreted as net‐depositional cyclic steps. These upslope migrating bedforms are strongly aggradational, indicating high sediment deposition from turbidity currents. The third type, characterized by their obliqueness to canyons, is observed on an open slope and is interpreted as antidunes. These antidunes were formed by the deflection of the upper dilute, low‐density parts of turbidity currents by contour currents. The modelling of the behaviour of these different types of turbidity currents reveals that fast‐flowing flows form cyclic steps while their upper parts overspill and are entrained westward by contour currents. The interaction between turbidity currents and contour currents results in flow thickening and reduced sediment concentration, which leads to lower flow velocities. Lower velocities, in turn, allow the formation of antidunes instead of cyclic steps because the densiometric Froude number (Fr′) decreases. Therefore, this study shows that both net‐erosional and net‐depositional cyclic steps are distributed along channels where turbidity currents prevail whereas antidunes form on open slopes, in a mixed turbidite/contourite system. This study provides insights into the influence of turbidity currents versus contour currents on the morphology, geometry and distribution of bedforms in a mixed turbidite–contourite system.
Measuring epidermal effects of ostomy skin barriers
Authors: Grove Gary , Houser Tim , Sibbald Gary , Salvadalena Ginger 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundOstomy barriers are adhesive devices designed to hold pouching systems to the abdomen and protect the peristomal skin from stoma effluent. The objective of this study was to determine differences in the extent of skin trauma resulting from serially applying and removing two types of ostomy barriers.MethodsThe study was a randomized, prospective, repeated measure trial involving healthy volunteers. The ostomy skin barriers were applied to the abdomen and changed every 3‐4 days over a 17‐day period. Skin observations (erythema, stripping, edge irritation and overall comparisons) were completed by a trained (blinded) observer. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements were completed by a separate (blinded) technician. TEWL was measured in a designated site and again in the most visually traumatized location at termination.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between the two test devices in all assessments but visual observation of erythema. Highly significant differences in TEWL were found between the test products when measured at termination from the most visually traumatized sites.ConclusionsThe ostomy barrier with ceramide was significantly less disruptive to the epidermis than the ostomy barrier without ceramide. TEWL measurements were more sensitive to changes in the barrier function of the skin than visual observation of erythema.
An Approach for Building Product Use-Case Scenarios in Different Virtual Reality Systems
Authors: Mahboob Atif , Husung Stephan , Weber Christian , Liebal Andreas , Krömker Heidi 
Published: November 2018

During the product development process, it is of great importance to consider the later life phase situations of a product. This includes the interaction of the product with its environment and the human actor(s) in its different life phases. Therefore, an early evaluation of a product and its later life phase interactions are of great value. Virtual Reality (VR) technology is seen as very important at this point, as it can help the designer to realize the later life phase situations of a product inside VR. However, the preparation of VR-scenes remains a difficult task, as it requires a great amount of time and effort. Furthermore, the current methods for the preparation of such scenes offer very limited reusability.
This paper will focus on an existing method that uses Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to describe the VR-scene for a CAVE-type VR-system. This method will be further extended and an improvement to the existing modeling approach will be presented to achieve a faster simulation in VR and reusability of VR-scenes. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of the conventional and the new approach will be presented. The new approach enables a faster simulation that will be validated by comparing the execution speed of both approaches under the modeling approach section. The reusability perspective of the prepared VR-scene will also be discussed.
A Head Mounted Display (HMD), in comparison with CAVE type VR-systems, offers a cost reduction in the use of VR technology. This paper will also provide the idea for achieving a simulation in HMD while using the same MBSE-approach used for CAVE type VR-systems. The flow of information for simulation in HMD and the idea of implementation will be presented in detail.