bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aperçu sur la prospection géochimique du plomb et du zinc
Authors: Granier Claude Louis 
Published: October 2018

La prospection géochimique du plomb et du zinc est une méthode utilisée couramment. L'auteur fait une synthèse des principaux résultats technologiques obtenus à la suite des travaux effectués en France et dans la Communauté.
Il donne des détails sur les caractères des dispersions et des anomalies géochimiques, insistant particulièrement sur le cas des recherches dans les sols dont il précise la classification.
Structure preservation in comparatives
Authors: Wellwood Alexis 
Published: October 2018

Comparatives involve various dimensions for comparison, but not anything goes: "more coffee" involves volume or weight, but not temperature, while "more coffees" involves number, not volume or weight. In general, the extant literature assumes that the difference between "more coffee/coffees" reflects a morphosyntactic ambiguity of "more", such that it spells out MUCH-ER with bare nouns, and MANY-ER with plural nouns. Semantically, MUCH introduces a variable over measure functions (with constraints), whereas MANY introduces a cardinality function. I argue for an alternative, univocal theory based on the decomposition MUCH-ER, and account for the observed patterns of constrained variability by means of a stronger condition on the selection of measure functions than has previously been proposed.
Simulations of the WFIRST Supernova Survey and Forecasts of Cosmological Constraints
Authors: Hounsell R. , Scolnic D. , Foley R. J. , Kessler R. , Miranda V. , Avelino A. , Bohlin R. C. , Filippenko A. V. , Frieman J. , Jha S. W. , Kelly P. L. , Kirshner R. P. , Mandel K. , Rest A. , Riess A. G. , Rodney S. A. , Strolger L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) was the highest-ranked large space-based mission of the 2010 New Worlds, New Horizons decadal survey. It is now a NASA mission in formulation with a planned launch in the mid 2020s. A primary mission objective is to precisely constrain the nature of dark energy through multiple probes, including Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia). Here, we present the first realistic simulations of the WFIRST SN survey based on current hardware specifications and using open-source tools. We simulate SN light curves and spectra as viewed by the WFIRST wide-field channel (WFC) imager and integral field channel (IFC) spectrometer, respectively. We examine 11 survey strategies with different time allocations between the WFC and IFC, two of which are based upon the strategy described by the WFIRST Science Definition Team, which measures SN distances exclusively from IFC data. We propagate statistical and, crucially, systematic uncertainties to predict the Dark Energy Task Force figure of merit (FoM) for each strategy. Of the strategies investigated, we find the most successful to be WFC focused. However, further work in constraining systematics is required to fully optimize the use of the IFC. Even without improvements to other cosmological probes, the WFIRST SN survey has the potential to increase the FoM by more than an order of magnitude from the current values. Although the survey strategies presented here have not been fully optimized, these initial investigations are an important step in the development of the final hardware design and implementation of the WFIRST mission.
Search for an Intrinsic Metallicity Spread in Old Globular Clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Piatti Andrés E. , Koch Andreas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report for the first time on the magnitude of the intrinsic [Fe/H] spread among 10 old globular clusters (GCs) of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Such spreads are merely observed in approximately 5% of the Milky Way GCs and recently gained more attention in theoretical models of GC evolution. We derived metallicities with a typical precision of 0.05 dex ≤ σ[Fe/H] ≤ 0.20 dex for an average of 14 red giant branch stars per GC from Strömgren photometry. The respective, metallicity-sensitive indices have been calibrated to precise and accurate high-dispersion spectroscopy. For all clusters, we found null [Fe/H] spreads with a typical uncertainty of 0.04 dex, with the possible exception of NGC 1786 that shows an intrinsic dispersion of 0.07 ± 0.04 dex. The mean, observed standard deviation of the derived metallicities for nearly 40% of our GC sample amounted to smaller than 0.05 dex. At present, we cannot exclude the fact that the remaining GCs also have intrinsic Fe-abundance variations in excess of 0.05 dex, but in order to significantly detect those, the measurement errors on individual [Fe/H]-values would need to be lowered to the 0.03–0.07 dex level. These findings suggest, along with those from ages and light element abundances, that the LMC GCs studied here are similar to the majority of Galactic GCs.
Production d’un messie : Au-delà de la montagne de Yachar Kemal
Authors: Hatem Jad 
Published: October 2018

Le livre de l’auteur turc Yachar Kemal est ici le prétexte au questionnement suivant : comment une œuvre littéraire cherche à faire apparaître le processus complexe de la naissance d’un personnage de messie dans une communauté humaine…
Storage infrastructure and agricultural yield: evidence from a capital investment subsidy scheme
Authors: Chatterjee Somdeep 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In a developing economy, the availability of storage infrastructure is considered essential for two purposes; the reduction of post-harvest losses resulting in food shortage, and allowing for gains from inter-temporal trade due to potential arbitrage opportunities arising out of volatility in food grain prices. This paper provides empirical evidence on a lesser studied impact of storage infrastructure, viz, agricultural yield. The author exploits potentially exogenous variation generated by the intensity of access to a capital investment subsidy program for construction and renovation of rural godowns in India to identify causal effects of better storage on yield. He finds that the program led to an increase in rice yield by 0.3 tons per hectare, approximately a 20% increase compared to the baseline. A potential mediating channel for such an effect would be reduced storage costs facilitating better investments in productive inputs. As supportive evidence, the author finds that fertilizer consumption increased by 21% in response to the intervention.
Triple-phase abdomen and pelvis computed tomography: standard unenhanced phase can be replaced with reduced-dose scan
Authors: Waszczuk Łukasz , Guziński Maciej , Garcarek Jerzy , Sąsiadek Marek 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that unenhanced phase does not require as high image quality as subsequent phases acquired after contrast administration in triple-phase abdomen and pelvis computed tomography (CT), and to assess if attenuation value (AV) measurements may be obtained from unenhanced images acquired with three-fold reduced radiation dose.Material and methodsIn the standard triple-phase abdomen and pelvis CT protocol (unenhanced, late arterial, and portal venous phase) we decreased the tube current time product only in the unenhanced phase. Arterial and venous phases were performed with the standard scanner settings used in our Institution for routine abdomen and pelvis CT. We compared the AV in manually drawn circular-shaped regions of interest (ROIs) obtained from reduced-dose and standard-dose unenhanced images in 52 patients. All ROIs were set in homogeneous parts of psoas muscle, fat tissue, liver, spleen, aorta, and bladder.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in AV measurements for all considered areas. More noise does not alter the mean AV inside the ROIs. Radiation dose of unenhanced scans was reduced three times and the total dose length product (DLP) in the triple-phase study was decreased by 22%.ConclusionsUnenhanced images performed with three-fold reduced radiation dose allows reliable AV measurements. The unenhanced phase does not require as high image quality as subsequent phases acquired after contrast administration.
Peripheral vascular malformations – modern imaging
Authors: Majewska Natalia K. , Stajgis Piotr , Wykrętowicz Mateusz , Stajgis Marek , Oszkinis Grzegorz , Katulska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2018

Currently the major aim in peripheral vascular malformation diagnosis, crucial for subsequent management and treatment, is to identify its haemodynamic characteristics. Other significant features that should be specified by a radiologist are the exact location of the anomaly, its size, and its morphology. Until recently the diagnostic methods available for comprehensive evaluation of malformations have been rather limited. Moreover, they were often associated with the necessity of exposing the patient to X-ray radiation and with invasive procedures, as for example in angiography. The development of imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of vascular abnormalities in recent years, especially magnetic resonance imaging, has contributed to improved diagnostic value of the tests. In this article we review the currently available imaging modalities with particular consideration of magnetic resonance imaging and its capability to distinguish between high- and low-flow malformations.
Endovascular embolisation strategies for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Kuczyńska Maryla , Pyra Krzysztof , Światłowski Łukasz , Sobstyl Jan , Kuklik Ewa , Jargiełło Tomasz 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo assess the immediate efficacy of distinct embolisation devices in the endovascular treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations as well as to identify and analyse the possible determinants of the technical success of the procedure.Material and methodsProspective analysis of 16 consecutive patients was carried out, who underwent transcatheter endovascular embolisation therapy for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations between 2005 and 2017. Pre- and post-procedural angiography studies were implemented to confirm the diagnosis and to evaluate the technical success defined as the complete occlusion of the feeding artery. Embolisation devices – coils, microcoils, occluders, or combination of the above – were used. All the patients were advised to conduct a follow-up computed tomography evaluation 12 months after the procedure.ResultsA total of 40 pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) were observed and embolised. The immediate technical success was achieved in all (n = 40; 100%) treated PAVMs, as confirmed by the post-procedural angiographic result. The statistical analysis revealed no significant impact of the number of PAVMs per patient (p > 0.05), their angioarchitecture (p > 0.05), localisation within the lung (p > 0.05) or particular lobe (p > 0.05), and the selection of embolisation device (p > 0.05) on the procedural success rates. The procedure-related complication rate was equal to 6.25%.ConclusionsThe immediate success rate of the transcatheter PAVM embolisation reached 100% in this study. The statistical model of logistic regression revealed no significant impact of the number of PAVMs per patient, their angioarchitecture, localisation, and distribution pattern, as well as device selection, on the immediate technical success of the procedure.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: two steroid-responsive cases
Authors: Camilla Russo , Vincenzo Buono , Giacomo Fenza , Alexis Zandolino , Antonietta Serino , Andrea Manto 
Published: October 2018

PurposeSpontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is characterised by orthostatic headache, low cerebrospinal fluid pressure and diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement after intravenous gadolinium contrast administration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often plays a crucial role for correct diagnosis.Case descriptionWe described two similar cases of SIH, whose clinical and imaging features are typical for this pathology. At MRI brain scan, both patients showed diffuse and intense pachymeningeal enhancement and moderate venous distension and epidural vein engorgement. The two patients were treated with bed rest and oral steroid therapy, with complete and long-lasting symptomatic relief.ConclusionsOrthostatic nature of headache is the most indicative clinical feature suggesting SIH; contrast-enhanced MRI provides definite imaging diagnostic findings. Conservative treatment coupled to steroid therapy is often sufficient to obtain complete disappearance of symptoms.
Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography scan in mediastinal masses assuming histopathological findings as gold standard
Authors: Pandey Somshankar , Jaipal Usha , Mannan Nima , Yadav Rajkumar 
Published: October 2018

PurposeAim of the study was to: 1) present MDCT characteristics of different mediastinal mass lesions, 2) estimate proportion of benign and malignant mediastinal mass lesions based on MDCT findings, and 3) find out the diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MDCT in mediastinal mass lesions assuming histopathology as gold standard.Material and methodsThis study was an analysis of 60 patients who underwent MDCT scan for characterisation of mediastinal mass lesion, and subsequently imaging findings were verified with pathological diagnosis.ResultsOut of 60 patients 65% were malignant and 35% were benign. Metastatic carcinoma was the leading diagnosis. Sensitivity of MDCT in this study came out to be 94%, specificity is 90%, with a positive predictive value of 94% and negative predictive value of 90% with diagnostic accuracy of 93%.ConclusionsMediastinal mass lesion can be accurately diagnosed with MDCT which is a non-invasive and easily available modality requiring clinical data for accurate diagnosis and management. Co-relation of MDCT findings with other imaging findings is complex and requires adequate clinical data for optimum diagnostic confidence.
Comparison of conservative treatment versus transcatheter arterial embolisation for the treatment of spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shinmura Kohei , Choi Young Ho , Shimohira Masashi , Baba Yasutaka , Ikeda Shunichiro , Hayashi Sadao , Shibamoto Yuta , Koriyama Chihaya , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo elucidate the prognostic factors in the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to determine whether transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) is associated with better prognosis compared to conservative treatment.Material and methodsA retrospective multicentre study was conducted involving 71 patients with spontaneous rupture of HCC. A conservative treatment group (Cons T group) included 20 patients, while a transcatheter arterial embolisation group (TAE group) included 51 patients.ResultsThe median survival time (MST) in the Cons T group was only 16 days and the survival rate was 39% at one month, whereas the MST in the TAE group was 28 days and the one month survival rate was 63%. However, there is no statistically significant difference in the overall survival between Cons T and TAE groups (p = 0.213). Multivariable analysis identified only the presence of distant metastasis as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.023). A subanalysis including patients without distant metastasis showed that the presence of portal vein tumour thrombosis was a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.015).ConclusionsDistant metastasis appears to be a prognostic factor in spontaneous rupture of HCC. In cases without distant metastasis, portal vein tumour thrombosis could influence the prognosis. Our data failed to prove any benefit of TAE as the primary management.
Pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes in computed tomography
Authors: Ilków Wojciech , Waligóra Marek , Kunc Marek , Kucharzewski Marek 
Published: October 2018

PurposeAssessment of sphenoid sinus (SS), posterior clinoid process (PCP), and dorsum sellae (DS) pneumatisation is significant when planning surgical approaches both to intra- and extrasellar pathologies. The authors analysed pneumatisation of the SS, with particular attention paid to pneumatisation of the PCP and DS.Material and methodsThe study was based on 100 computed tomography angiography examinations. SS, PCP, and DS pneumatisation grades were assessed using the classification system proposed by Hardy. The analyses were conducted in sagittal planes: midline plane (MP), sagittal posterior clinoid plane right (SPCP-R), and sagittal posterior clinoid plane left (SPCP-L). The occurrence of the highest pneumatisation grade (IVB according to Hardy), which encompasses DS and PCP, prompted the authors to conduct a further analysis in the coronal plane. In this way, seven DS and PCP pneumatisation symmetry types were identified.ResultsIn the MP and SPCP-R, the most frequent pneumatisation grade was grade III (41% and 38%, respectively). In the SPCP-L, grade IVA prevailed (41%). Grade IVB was found in 12% of the SPCP-R images, 10% of the SPCP-L images, and in 12% of the MP images. Consistent pneumatisation grades in all analysed planes were found for 64% of cases. This was usually grade III noted in 28% of cases.ConclusionsSS pneumatisation is characterised by considerable individual variability. There are a number of SS pneumatisation classification systems, but the system proposed by Hardy is the most useful for assessment of DS and PCP pneumatisation. Grade III of SS pneumatisation is the most common. Pneumatisation encompassing DS and PCP was found in 10-12% of cases.
Influencing factors of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage after CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy: single-institution experience
Authors: Wattanasatesiri Tunyarat , Puntu Warunyoo , Vithitsuvanakul Nophadol 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo evaluate the incidences and influencing factors of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage after computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB).Material and methodsA retrospective analysis of 216 patients who underwent CT-guided TTNB was performed. The frequencies and risk factors of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage were determined. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe incidences of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage were 23.1% and 45.4%, respectively. Twenty-two per cent of patients with pneumothorax needed percutaneous drainage, but all patients with parenchymal haemorrhage had clinical improvement after conservative treatment. No procedure-related mortality was detected. Univariate analysis showed that underlying pulmonary infection, lesion size of less than 1 cm, and lesion depth of more than 2 cm were significant influencing factors of pneumothorax. A significant relationship between the underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the need for drainage catheter insertion was found. Pulmonary haemorrhage was more likely to occur in patients with underlying malignancy, solid pulmonary nodule, lesion size of 3 cm or less, and lesion depth of more than 3 cm. Consolidation was the protective factor for pulmonary haemorrhage. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of CT-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) for the diagnosis of malignancy were 95.7%, 100%, 100%, 93.3%, and 97.3%, respectively. The rate of diagnostic failure was 10.2%.ConclusionsPulmonary hemorrhage is the most common complication after CT-guided TTNB. Influencing factors for pneumothorax are underlying pulmonary infection, lesion size < 1 cm, and lesion depth > 2 cm. Underlying malignancy, solid pulmonary nodule, lesion size ≤ 3 cm, and lesion depth > 3 cm are associated with pulmonary haemorrhage.
CT-measured pulmonary artery diameter as an independent predictor of pulmonary hypertension in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bakhshayeshkaram Mehrdad , Aghahosseini Farahnaz , Vaezi Fatemeh , Kahkooei Shahram , Salehi Yalda , Jamaati Hamid Reza , Velayati Ali Akbar 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe role of computed tomography (CT) scan, as a promising prognostic imaging modality in cystic fibrosis (CF), has been widely investigated, focusing on parenchymal abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of thoracic vascular parameters on CT to detect pulmonary hypertension (PH).Material and methodsCF patients who contemporaneously underwent CT and echocardiography were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline characteristics in addition to pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) and pulmonary to aortic (PA/A) ratio were compared between cohorts with and without PH, based on the results of echocardiography separately in paediatric patients (< 18) and adults (≥ 18).ResultsOf a total 119 CF patients, 39 (32.8%) had PH (paediatric: 23/78, 29.5%, adult: 16/41, 39%). In paediatric CF patients, mean age, HCo<sub>3</sub>, PCo<sub>2</sub>, and pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) were significantly higher in the PH group compared to the non-PH group. Mean pulmo however, only PAD remained as the independent predictor of PH based on multivariate analysis (overall: 22.86 mm [±3.86] vs. 18.43 mm [±4.72], p = 0.005, paediatric patients: 22.63 mm [±4.4] vs. 17.10 mm [±4.64], p = 0.03). Using a cut off of 19.25 mm, the diagnostic performance of PAD to detect PH was found to be as follows: sensitivity = 82%, specificity = 70%, and accuracy = 73.1%. No significant difference was demonstrated in PAD between PH and non-PH groups in adults with CF (23.19 [±3.60] vs. 21.34 [±3.49], p = 0.7).ConclusionsIn CF patients, PAD revealed an age-dependent performance to detect PH. PAD can be applied to predict pulmonary hypertension in paediatric CF patients and may be recommended to be routinely measured on follow-up chest CT scan in childhood CF.
Modelling the water balance of Lake Victoria (East Africa) – Part 1: Observational analysis
Authors: Vanderkelen Inne , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. , Thiery Wim 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and one of the two major sources
of the Nile river. The water level of Lake Victoria is determined by its
water balance, consisting of precipitation on the lake, evaporation from the
lake, inflow from tributary rivers and lake outflow, controlled by two
hydropower dams. Due to a scarcity of in situ observations, previous estimates
of individual water balance terms are characterized by substantial
uncertainties, which means that the water balance is often not closed
independently. In this first part of a two-paper series, we present a water
balance model for Lake Victoria, using state-of-the-art remote sensing
observations, high-resolution reanalysis downscaling and outflow values
recorded at the dam. The uncalibrated computation of the individual water
balance terms yields lake level fluctuations that closely match the levels
retrieved from satellite altimetry. Precipitation is the main cause of
seasonal and interannual lake level fluctuations, and on average causes the
lake level to rise from May to July and to fall from August to December.
Finally, our results indicate that the 2004–2005 drop in lake level can be
about half attributed to a drought in the Lake Victoria Basin and about half
to an enhanced outflow, highlighting the sensitivity of the lake level to
human operations at the outflow dam.
A OPORTUNA PROCESSUALIZAÇÃO DA DESCONSIDERAÇÃO DA PERSONALIDADE JURÍDICA
Authors: Diniz Maria Helena 
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo analisa o impacto do CPC/2015 ao promover a processualização da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, permitindo o pedido incidental dessa desconsideração e a desconsideração inversa,tornando mais efetiva e mais justa essa sanção pela má utilização da pessoa jurídica.