bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosoziale Versorgung bei Patienten mit Amyotropher Lateralsklerose: Ein narrativer Review
Authors: Esser Peter , Metelmann Moritz , Hartung Tim , Claßen Joseph , Mehnert Anja , Koranyi Susan 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser narrative Review soll einen breiten Überblick zur psychosozialen Belastung bei Patienten mit Amyotropher Lateralsklerose (ALS) und diesbezüglichen psychotherapeutischen Interventionen vermitteln. Die ALS ist eine unheilbare, schnell fortschreitende neurodegenerative Erkrankung, in deren Verlauf es zur Schwächung bzw. zum Schwund fast aller Muskeln des Körpers kommt: dies macht schließlich nicht nur die Bewegung, sondern auch die Nahrungsaufnahme, Atmung und Kommunikation des Patienten unmöglich. Neben den vorwiegend motorischen Symptomen kommt es auch zu kognitiv-emotionalen bzw. verhaltensbezogenen Veränderungen und Störungen, die die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zusätzlich stark beeinträchtigen können. Entsprechend dieser schweren Symptomatik und der negativen Prognose kann es zu ausgeprägten psychosozialen Belastungen einschließlich erhöhter Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit, Hoffnungslosigkeit bis hin zu Sterbewunsch und Suizidalität kommen. Viele Studien weisen auf den entscheidenden Einfluss psychosozialer Aspekte bei der Aufrechterhaltung der Lebensqualität bei ALS-Patienten hin. Dennoch ist der Forschungsstand zu psychotherapeutischen Interventionen bei ALS-Patienten bislang äußerst dürftig. Neben dem generellen Mangel an Interventionen und methodischen Schwachstellen bei der Evaluation ihrer Wirksamkeit lassen sich in den Interventionen nur wenig Inhalte finden, die dem palliativen Charakter sowie den spezifischen Symptomen der Erkrankung wie z. B. der eingeschränkten Kommunikation oder Problemen bei der Emotionsregulation Rechnung tragen. Weitere Forschung im Bereich psychosozialer Interventionen bei ALS-Patienten ist daher von hoher Relevanz. Wissenschaftliche Ansätze könnten z. B. darin bestehen, die bei anderen schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen als wirksam erwiesenen Therapiekonzepte auf die spezielle Gruppe von ALS-Patienten zu übertragen. Neben einer inhaltlichen Anpassung sollte auch die Anwendbarkeit der Therapieverfahren mit alternativen Kommunikationswegen, z. B. via Sprachcomputer oder Brain-Computer-Interfaces, untersucht werden.
Wie beeinflusst der Akkulturationsgrad Stillabsicht, Stillhäufigkeit und Stilldauer bei Migrantinnen? Ein Review der Publikationen der Jahre 2014–2018
Authors: Kanatoula Danai-Dionysia , Brenne Silke , David Matthias 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Stillverhalten von Frauen wird durch soziale, demografische und kulturelle Faktoren beeinflusst. Wenig ist darüber bekannt, welchen Einfluss Migration und Akkulturation darauf haben. Es wurden eine systematische Suche in den elektronischen Datenbanken LIVIVO und MEDLINE (PubMed) und eine manuelle Suche in den Literaturverzeichnissen aller ausgewählter Artikel durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden englisch- und deutschsprachige quantitative Studien aus Industrieländern, die im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2014 bis 30.05.2018 publiziert wurden. Insgesamt konnten 77 Studien identifiziert werden, von denen 17 die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten. Tendenziell zeigte sich eine höhere Stillprävalenz für Migrantinnen als für einheimische Mütter, mit Ausnahme für Migrantinnen aus Südostasien. Eine längere Stilldauer wiesen Migrantinnen in Südeuropa, Irland und Taiwan auf und eine kürzere Migrantinnen in Kanada und Mütter nicht-skandinavischer Herkunft in Nordeuropa. Tendenziell zeigte sich auch ein stillhemmender Einfluss einer zunehmenden Akkulturation auf das Stillverhalten der Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Alkyl Heck-Type Reactions
Authors: Kurandina Daria , Chuentragool Padon , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: February 2019

The Heck reaction is one of the most reliable and useful strategies for the construction of C–C bonds in organic synthesis. However, in contrast to the well-established aryl Heck reaction, the analogous reaction employing alkyl electrophiles is much less developed. Significant progress in this area was recently achieved by merging radical-mediated and transition-metal-catalyzed approaches. This review summarizes the advances in alkyl Heck-type reactions from its discovery early in the 1970s up until the end of 2018.1	Introduction2	Pd-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions2.1	Benzylic Electrophiles2.2	α-Carbonyl Alkyl Halides2.3	Fluoroalkyl Halides2.4	α-Functionalized Alkyl Halides2.5	Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles3	Ni-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions3.1	Benzylic Electrophiles3.2	α-Carbonyl Alkyl Halides3.3	Unactivated Alkyl Halides4	Co-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions5	Cu-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions6	Other Metals in Heck-Type Reactions7	Conclusion
Clinical and Radiographic Correlates for the Treatment of Ulnocarpal Impaction
Authors: Mwaturura Tendai , Daneshvar Parham , Pike Jeffrey , Goetz Thomas Joseph 
Published: February 2019

Background Ulnocarpal impaction (UCI) is a described cause of ulnar side wrist pain.
Questions Does absolute ulnar variance (UV) or change in UV with grip affect patient-rated outcome scores (PROS) in patients with symptomatic UCI undergoing surgery? Does UV differ between symptomatic and contralateral wrists? Does arthroscopic grade of triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) tears and lunotriquetral (LT) ligament tears influence PROS? Do PROS improve following ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) or wafer procedures and does improvement depend on the amount of shortening or achievement of negative UV?
Patients and Methods We analyzed information on patients undergoing USO or wafer procedures for UCI as recorded in a database of prospectively collected information on individuals with ulnar side wrist pain. This included (1) patient-rated wrist evaluation and QuickDASH scores on enrolment, 3 and 12 months postoperatively; (2) standardized bilateral posteroanterior (PA) wrist radiographs, including PA grip views of the symptomatic wrist; and (3) arthroscopic findings.
Results Larger changes in UV between PA neutral and grip views prior to surgery were associated with smaller improvements in PROS, 12 months after surgery. Actual UV value before and after surgery did not affect PROS. There was no difference in UV between symptomatic and contralateral wrists. The presence of TFCC or LT ligament tears did not influence PROS. Mean PROS improved postoperatively.
Conclusions Ulnar shortening procedures result in improvement in PROS in patients with UCI. Variation in UV with rotation and grip results in variable outcomes.
Level of Evidence This is a Level II, cohort study.
Does the Urinary Calcium/Citrate Ratio Add to the Diagnostic Workup of Children at Risk of Kidney Stones? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Misan , Rodriguez Cuellar Carmen , Nagra Ravneet , Wang Zhan Tao , Bhayana Vipin , Filler Guido 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate urinary citrate/creatinine (UCi/UCr) and urinary calcium/citrate (UCa/UCi) ratios for distinguishing stone formers (SF) from non-stone formers (NSF) in an at-risk population. This was a retrospective study that included all pediatric patients who underwent urinary citrate testing from April 2017 to March 2018. The urinary levels of citrate, calcium, sodium, potassium, creatinine, oxalate, urate, pH, and specific gravity (SG) were measured in our clinical laboratory. Diagnosis of kidney stones was obtained through chart review.A total of 97 patients were included (46 NSF and 51 SF). The UCi/UCr ratio was not significantly different between NSF and SF. Median UCa/UCr ratio was higher in SF (0.67) compared with NSF (0.21, p < 0.0001). The median ratio of UCa/UCi was also higher in SF (1.30) than in NSF (0.65, p = 0.001). Oxalate, urate, pH, SG, and urinary sodium/potassium ratio did not differentiate between the SF and NSF. Positive correlation was seen between UCa/UCr and urinary sodium/creatinine UNa/UCr (p < 0.0001), as well as between UCa/UCr and UCi/UCr (p < 0.0001).The study has demonstrated significantly higher UCa/UCi and UCa/UCr in SF compared with NSF, while the use of urinary oxalate, urate, pH, and SG did not differentiate between SF from NSF. We also confirmed a positive correlation between UNa/UCr and UCa/UCr. While the utility of UCa/UCr is well established, our data suggest that UCa/UCi rather than UCi/UCr may be more predictive in the clinical setting when evaluating for nephrolithiasis.
Kinematic Alignment in Cruciate Retaining Implants Improves the Biomechanical Function in Total Knee Arthroplasty during Gait and Deep Knee Bend
Authors: Kang Kyoung-Tak , Koh Yong-Gon , Nam Ji Hoon , Kwon Sae Kwang , Park Kwan Kyu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKinematic alignment (KA), which co-aligns the rotational axes of the components with three kinematic axes of the knee by aligning the components to the prearthritic joint lines, has been a recently introduced surgical technique. However, whether KA and cruciate retaining (CR) implants provide better biomechanical function during activities than mechanical alignment (MA) in posterior stabilized (PS) implants is unclear. We evaluated the biomechanical functions during the stance phase gait and deep knee bend, with a computer simulation and measured forces in the medial and lateral collateral ligaments and medial and lateral contact stresses in the polyethylene insert and patellar button. The forces on the medial collateral ligament in KA were lower than those in MA in both CR and PS TKA in the stance phase gait and deep knee bend conditions, whereas those on the lateral collateral ligament did not show any difference between the two surgical alignment techniques in the stance phase gait condition. The maximum contact stresses on the medial PE inserts in KA were lower than those in MA in both CR and PS TKA in the stance phase gait and deep knee bend conditions. However, the maximum contact stresses on the lateral PE inserts and the patellar button did not differ between MA and KA. The biomechanical function was superior in KA TKA than in MA TKA, and KA was more effective in CR TKA. This comparison could be used as a reference by surgeons to reduce the failure rates by using KA TKA instead of MA TKA.
Sex-Specific Genetic Susceptibility to Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Offspring of Pregnancies at Risk of Early Preterm Delivery
Authors: Varner Michael W. , Costantine Maged M. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Rouse Dwight J. , Mercer Brian M. , Leveno Kenneth J. , Reddy Uma M. , Buhimschi Catalin , Wapner Ronald J. , Sorokin Yoram , Thorp John M. , Ramin Susan M. , Malone Fergal D. , Carpenter Marshall , O'sullivan Mary J. , Peaceman Alan M. , Dudley Donald J. , Caritis Steve N. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: February 2019

Objective To evaluate sex-specific genetic susceptibility to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome (ANO, defined as cerebral palsy [CP], mental, or psychomotor delay) at risk for early preterm birth (EPTB, < 32 weeks).
Study Design Secondary case–control analysis of a trial of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) before anticipated EPTB for CP prevention. Cases are infants who died by the age of 1 year or developed ANO. Controls, matched by maternal race and infant sex, were neurodevelopmentally normal survivors. Neonatal DNA was evaluated for 80 polymorphisms in inflammation, coagulation, vasoregulation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress pathways using Taqman assays. The primary outcome for this analysis was sex-specific ANO susceptibility. Conditional logistic regression estimated each polymorphism's odds ratio (OR) by sex stratum, adjusting for gestational age, maternal education, and MgSO4-corticosteroid exposures. Holm–Bonferroni corrections, adjusting for multiple comparisons (p < 7.3 × 10−4), accounted for linkage disequilibrium between markers.
Results Analysis included 211 cases (134 males; 77 females) and 213 controls (130 males; 83 females). An interleukin-6 (IL6) polymorphism (rs2069840) was associated with ANO in females (OR: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–4.7; p = 0.001), but not in males (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5–1.2; p = 0.33). The sex-specific effect difference was significant (p = 7.0 × 10−4) and was unaffected by MgSO4 exposure. No other gene–sex associations were significant.
Conclusion An IL6 gene locus may confer susceptibility to ANO in females, but not males, after EPTB.
Passive Range-of-Motion Exercise and Bone Mineralization in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: El-Farrash Rania A. , Abo-Seif Ibrahim S. , El-Zohiery Abeer K. , Hamed Gehan M. , Abulfadl Reham M. 
Published: February 2019

Objective To assess the effect of range-of-motion exercise program on bone mineralization and somatic growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
Study Design A total of 36 VLBW infants were randomized into 18 VLBW infants receiving range-of-motion exercise and 18 VLBW control infants receiving tactile stimulation for 4 weeks. Laboratory investigations were performed at baseline and postexercise and included serum calcium, serum phosphorus (s.PO4), magnesium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urinary calcium/phosphate ratio, and serum carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at the end of the exercise protocol to measure bone mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD), bone area, lean mass, and fat mass.
Results The weight and the rate of weight gain were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the exercise group compared with controls postexercise. Also, higher s.PO4, lower ALP, and lower urinary calcium/phosphate ratio were observed postexercise in the exercise group (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, and p = 0.04, respectively), whereas serum CTX showed no difference between the two groups (p = 0.254). Postexercise BMD significantly improved in the exercise group (p < 0.001) compared with controls.
Conclusion Although the sample size was small, we may be able to suggest favorable effects of range-of-motion exercise versus tactile stimulation on bone metabolism, BMD, and short-term growth in VLBW infants.
7 Organocatalysis with Amines in Photocatalysis
Authors: Rey Y. P. , Hepburn H. B. , Melchiorre P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter details recent advances in enantioselective amine-catalyzed reactions triggered by light. By presenting a selection of pioneering studies, the chapter highlights how the combination of photochemistry and amine-mediated catalysis has created exciting new opportunities in asymmetric synthesis while profoundly influencing different fields of modern chemical research, such as radical reactivity. The discussion focuses on the concepts of enamine and iminium ion mediated reactions and their combination with photochemical reactivity. The selected methods represent the state of the art in the rapidly evolving area of photochemical amine-catalyzed processes, which provides effective synthetic tools for making chiral molecules sustainably.
Φ memristor: Real memristor found
Authors: Wang Frank Z. , Li Ling , Shi Luping , Wu Huaqiang , Chua Leon O. 
Published: February 2019

In this work, we invented the Φ memristor to exhibit the direct flux-charge interaction, in which a wire carrying a controlled amount of current is strung through a magnetic core, and, simultaneously, sensing the possibly induced voltage by the switched flux. This work confirms the existence of the ideal memristor postulated almost 50 years ago. In order to study this and its positive/negative integer-/fraction-order counterparties, the flux-charge relationship (and its approximations), the complete differential conformal transformation, and the complete triangular periodic table of elementary circuit elements are developed. The ideal Φ memristor, fractional memristor, mem-inductor/mem-capacitor, and negative memristor are predicted within the context of this new 3-in-1 memristor physics, and their new synaptic functionalities for a brain-like computer are studied experimentally.
The Editor and Publisher of Journal of Applied Physics are retracting this paper, effective 8 January 2021, due to concerns regarding the validity of the conclusions.
Presynaptic SNAP-25 regulates retinal waves and retinogeniculate projection via phosphorylation
Authors: Hsiao Yu-Tien , Shu Wen-Chi , Chen Pin-Chun , Yang Hui-Ju , Chen Hsin-Yo , Hsu Sheng-Ping , Huang Yi-Ting , Yang Cheng-Chang , Chen Yen-Ju , Yu Ni-Yen , Liou Shih-Yuan , Chiang Ning , Huang Chien-Ting , Cheng Tzu-Lin , Cheung Lam-Yan , Lin Yu-Chun , Lu Juu-Chin , Wang Chih-Tien 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Patterned spontaneous activity can modify the structure and function of neural circuits during development, such as retinal waves essential for establishing functional visual circuits. Retinal waves are initiated by presynaptic release, further inducing temporally synchronized oscillations of PKA activity. However, the PKA substrate regulating visual circuit refinement remains elusive. Here, we describe a biological mechanism in which PKA-mediated SN25 phosphorylation in presynaptic retinal neurons down-regulates synaptic strength and retinal waves during development. These changes in wave spatiotemporal patterns can further induce global effects on visual circuit refinement, i.e., the eye-specific segregation of retinogeniculate projection. Therefore, by switching the phosphorylation state by PKA, SN25 in wave-initiating neurons can regulate the plasticity of retinal circuit activity and sculpt developing visual circuits.
Abnormal glycogen storage in tuberous sclerosis complex caused by impairment of mTORC1-dependent and -independent signaling pathways
Authors: Pal Rituraj , Xiong Yan , Sardiello Marco 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease characterized by tumor formation in multiple organs. The identification of dysregulated cellular processes in TSC is necessary for the selection of possible therapeutic interventions. The current models place impaired mTORC1 signaling at the core of TSC pathogenesis. In this study, we identify an mTORC1-independent pathway that drives excess glycogen storage in TSC via impaired autophagic degradation of glycogen caused by defects in the autophagy-lysosome system. Importantly, we find that the combined use of mTORC1 and Akt pharmacological inhibitors restore glycogen homeostasis. Our findings uncouple mTORC1-dependent from mTORC1-independent processes that are dysregulated in TSC and pinpoint multiple pharmacologically actionable entry points that could be leveraged to develop a therapeutic treatment.
Metabolic preference of nitrate over oxygen as an electron acceptor in foraminifera from the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Glock Nicolaas , Roy Alexandra-Sophie , Romero Dennis , Wein Tanita , Weissenbach Julia , Revsbech Niels Peter , Høgslund Signe , Clemens David , Sommer Stefan , Dagan Tal 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Foraminifera are able to respire nitrate instead of oxygen, a rare ability amongst eukaryotes. Here, we show that benthic foraminifera from the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone are not just facultative anaerobes by switching to nitrate respiration when oxygen is depleted but that denitrification is their preferred respiration pathway. Their metabolic adaptations allow some species to grow larger than predicted by cell physiology of aerobic organisms due to oxygen limitation. Finally, we formulate, from our observations, mathematical equations to predict the amount of foraminiferal denitrification using their cell volume. Nitrate is an important macronutrient, and denitrification is the main oceanic nitrate sink. Our equations will help to constrain biogeochemical models for marine nitrate cycling.
Structural basis for antiarrhythmic drug interactions with the human cardiac sodium channel
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T. , DeMarco Kevin R. , Vorobyov Igor , Clancy Colleen E. , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceVoltage-gated sodium channels play a central role in cellular excitability and are key targets for drug development. Recent breakthroughs in high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy protein structure determination, Rosetta computational protein structure modeling, and multimicrosecond molecular dynamics simulations are empowering advances in structural biology to study the atomistic details of channel−drug interactions. We used Rosetta structural computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations to study the interactions of antiarrhythmic and local anesthetic drugs with cardiac sodium channel. Our results provide crucial atomic-scale mechanistic insights into the channel–drug interactions, necessary for the rational design of novel modulators of the human cardiac sodium channel to be used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
Involvement of ERK1/2-mediated ELK1/CHOP/DR5 pathway in 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Yano Satoshi , Wu Shusong , Sakao Kozue , Hou De-Xing 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a major bioactive compound in Wasabi. Although 6-MSITC is reported to have cancer chemopreventive activities in rat model, the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer mechanisms using two types of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 p53+/+ and p53−/−). 6-MSITC caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in both types of cells in the same fashion. Signaling data revealed that the activation of ERK1/2, rather than p53, is recruited for 6-MSITC-induced apoptosis. 6-MSITC stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and then activated ERK1/2 signaling including ELK1 phosphorylation, and upregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor 5 (DR5). The MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 blocked all of these molecular events induced by 6-MSITC, and enhanced the cell viability in both types of cells in the same manner. These results indicated that ERK1/2-mediated ELK1/CHOP/DR5 pathway is involved in 6-MSITC-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.
Abbreviations: CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; DR5: death receptor 5; ELK1: ETS transcription factor; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; JNK: Jun-N-terminal kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK1/2: MAP/ERK kinase 1/2; 6-MSITC: 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.