bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESULTS OF THERAPY OF ERYTHROBLASTOSIS WITH EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
Authors: WIENER ALEXANDER S. , WEXLER IRVING B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Wiener, Alexander S., and Wexler, Irving B.: Results of therapy of erythroblastosis with exchange transfusions. Blood 4: 1-35 (January), 1949:
Page 8, second line from bottom, "the Rh0 factor" (instead of "the Rh1 factor").
Page 12, third line from bottom, "A1MRh1rh" (instead of "A1MRhrh").
Page 35, first word of second line of reference 24, "potent" (instead of "patent")
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF A NUTRITIONAL MACROCYTIC ANEMIA IN SWINE
Authors: CARTWRIGHT G. E. , TATTING BETTY , ASHENBRUCKER HELEN , WINTROBE M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A deficiency of pteroylglutamic acid has been produced in 32 swine fed a purified diet containing casein and supplemented with seven B vitamins, sulfasuxidine and a folic acid antagonist. The casein was fed at two levels, 10 and 26 per cent. Two types of casein were used: a crude preparation possessing significant "extrinsic factor" activity and a purified casein with little activity.
2. The hematologic manifestations observed were (a) severe macrocytic anemia, (b) leukopenia, due to a proportionately greater reduction in polymorphonuclear than in mononuclear cells, (3) slight thrombocytopenia, and (4) hyperplastic bone marrow with an increase in immature nucleated red cells which resemble the megaloblasts seen in the bone marrow of patients with pernicious anemia.
3. The feeding of a 26 per cent rather than a 10 per cent crude casein diet did not prevent but did delay the onset of the blood changes. Anemia developed most rapidly in the animals receiving 10 per cent purified casein.
4. The group receiving 26 per cent casein developed a greater degree of macrocytosis in the same period of time than did the group receiving 10 per cent casein. In all groups the degree of macrocytosis increased as the duration of the anemia increased.
5. The hematologic manifestations were not delayed nor was their development prevented by the intramuscular administration of 15 U.S.P. units of liver extract every 15 days.
6. The blood and bone marrow returned rapidly to normal following the administration of pteroylglutamic acid, pteroyldiglutamic acid, pteroyltriglutamic and pteroylheptaglutamic acid. Thymine and xanthopterin had little or no activity. Tyrosine, adenine and uracil were inactive.
7. Purified liver extracts and crystalline vitamin B12 were found to possess some hemopoietic activity in several animals but the activity was considerably less than that of the pteroylglutamic acid compounds.
8. The urinary excretion of "tyrosyl" (hydroxphenyl compounds) was not abnormal in the pteroylglutamic acid deficient pigs and was not altered by either pteroylglutamic acid or liver extract therapy.
9. The urinary excretion of allantoin and uric acid did not differ significantly from the normal. Immediately following therapy with pteroylglutamic acid, however, in association with the reticulocytosis and lasting for the same period, there was a marked increase in the excretion of allantoin.
10. The results suggest that both pteroylglutamic acid and a factor in liver extract similar to or identical with vitamin B12 are required for normal hemopoiesis in the pig.
BLOOD CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY IN ANEMIA, WITH A NOTE ON POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
Authors: LEWIS H. D. , ALTSCHULE M. D. , TAYLOR M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Measurements of blood carbonic anhydrase activity were made in patients with a variety of blood dyscrasias, using a new method. In patients with anemia due to loss of blood, infection and uremia, and in most of those with anemia associated with liver disease and leukemia, a constant relation was found between blood carbonic anhydrase activity and the hematocrit; the same holds in polycythemia vera. In patients with pernicious anemia, and in some with "refractory" anemia, and anemias associated with hepatic disease and with myelogenous leukemia, blood carbonic anhydrase activity was in or near the normal range in spite of lowered hematocrit values. The possible relation between these differences among anemias and the tolerance of patients with various anemias to exercise is discussed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY AND ZINC CONTENT OF ERYTHROCYTES IN NORMAL, IN ANEMIC AND OTHER PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS
Authors: VALLEE BERT L. , LEWIS HERBERT D. , ALTSCHULE MARK D. , GIBSON JOHN G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A good correlation exists between zinc content and carbonic anhydrase activity of the red blood cells under all conditions studied, including anemia and polycythemia. In almost all patients with anemias other than pernicious anemia, both zinc and carbonic anhydrase levels were lowered in parallel fashion. These changes were proportional to decreases in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts so that both zinc and carbonic anhydrase values per unit of RBC were in the normal range. In a few instances of anemia associated with leukemia and in one of sickle cell anemia, neither zinc content nor carbonic anhydrase activity was decreased in proportion to the anemia; in these cases the zinc and carbonic anhydrase levels per unit of blood were both elevated to the same degree.
Patients with pernicious anemia showed no decrease in absolute values for zinc and carbonic anhydrase activity in spite of marked lowering of hematocrit and hemoglobin levels and of erythrocyte count. Accordingly, both zinc concentration and carbonic anhydrase activity per unit of blood were elevated, often to a marked degree. These increases were parallel, varying inversely with the degree of anemia; when they regressed under treatment, both did so at the same rate.
There are no methods available for estimating carbonic anhydrase concentration; all methods now in use measure only the activity of the enzyme. It is suggested that zinc concentration could be used as an indicator of carbonic anhydrase content of the red blood cells.
OVALOCYTOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SICKLE CELL TRAIT
Authors: FADEM ROBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A patient has been presented whose circulating red blood cells were composed of 65-84 per cent ovalocytes, 3-11 per cent sickled cells, and some normal appearing discoid cells.
2. The red blood cell counts and the blood indices were within normal limitations.
3. The red blood cells showed an increased resistance to hypotonic saline solutions.
See PDF for Table
See PDF for Table
See PDF for Table
4. The peripheral blood showed a daily variation in the percentage of circulating ovalocytes, from 65 per cent to 84 per cent, and in the percentage of circulating sickle cells, from 3 per cent to 11 per cent.
5. After 72 hours in fresh wet preparations the per cent of ovalocytes remained essentially unchanged from that of fresh fixed blood.
6. The percentage of sickled cells was found to be increased after 18, 24, and 72 hours in fresh wet preparations as compared to the percentage of sickled cells found in fresh fixed preparations.
7. Some of the normal appearing discoid red blood cells were observed to sickle in fresh wet preparations within 18 hours.
ASPIRATION OF BONE MARROW IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
Authors: SUNDBERG R. DOROTHY , HODGSON RUTH E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Methods of aspirating tibial bone marrow from living laboratory animals (rabbit, guinea pig, mouse, and chicken) have been described. No method of aspirating marrow from living mice has been encountered in the literature.
2. The method would probably prove useful in obtaining marrow from the tibia of any small laboratory animal which has a flattened triangular area on the superior medial surface of the tibia.
3. In larger animals (rabbit and chicken), large amounts of marrow can be aspirated. Both smears and sections can be made.
4. The present method, if used in combination with the similar method of aspirating marrow from the ilium, will afford four different sites of aspiration. This should make possible the study of progressive changes in the marrow.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF AN ANIMAL PROTEIN FACTOR CONCENTRATE ON PERSONS WITH THE MACROCYTIC ANEMIA OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, OF NUTRITIONAL MACROCYTIC ANEMIA AND OF SPRUE, AND ON PERSONS WITH NUTRITIONAL GLOSSITIS
Authors: SPIES TOM D. , LOPEZ GUILLERMO GARCIA , MILANES FERNANDO , STONE ROBERT E. , TOCA RUBEN LOPEZ , ARAMBURU TOMAS , KARTUS SAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The intramuscular injection of animal protein factor concentrate to 5 cases of pernicious anemia in relapse, 4 cases of nutritional macrocytic anemia in relapse, and 3 cases of tropical sprue in relapse was followed by a positive hematologic response in each case as is illustrated in figures 1, 2, and 4, respectively. The parenteral administration of this material to 3 patients with nutritional glossitis unassociated with anemia was followed by the disappearance of the redness and soreness of the tongue.
THE ROLE OF STAPHYLOCOAGULASE IN BLOOD COAGULATION
Authors: MIALE JOHN B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Sterile cell-free filtrates of broth cultures of some strains of staphylococci contain a substance (staphylocoagulase) which does not clot purified fibrinogen, but does clot oxalated plasma.
2. When a plasma factor (coagulase globulin, CG) is added to staphylocoagulase a thrombin-like substance (coagulase-thrombin, CT) is progressively formed which is able to clot purified fibrinogen.
3. When the clotting times of plasma with increasing amounts of either staphylocoagulase or CT are plotted against concentrations of the clotting agents, hyperbolic curves are obtained which are similar to those obtained with classic prothrombin or thrombin.
4. CG appears to be distinct from AcG (Seegers), the "V" factor of Owren, and "anti-hemophilic globulin" of Taylor and co-workers. The presence of CG in platelets could not be demonstrated.
An Improved Radioisotope Dilution Assay for Serum Vitamin B12 Using Hemoglobin-coated Charcoal
Authors: Liu Yong K. , Sullivan Louis W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In An Improved Radioisotope Dilution Assay for Serum Vitamin B12 Using Hemoglobin-coated Charcoal, by Liu and Sullivan (Blood: No. 3, March, 426-432, 1972) on page 427 the formula should read as follows:
See PDF for Equation
Localization of Free Fatty Acids Taken Up by Human Platelets
Authors: Hoak John C. , Spector Arthur A. , Fry Glenna L. , Barnes Brian C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human platelets take up and metabolize long-chain free fatty acids (FFA). Experiments in which platelets were loaded with 14C-palmitate, homogenized, and then fractionated indicated large amounts of membrane-bound FFA. In other studies, platelet membrane fractions took up FFA from incubation media containing albumin-bound FFA. These findings suggested that a large portion of the platelet FFA uptake might be associated with the platelet surface. Radioautography with electron microscopy using 3H-palmitate-labeled platelets provided additional evidence that much of the newly incorporated FFA was associated with the platelet surface.
Immunologic Rebound After Cessation of Long-term Chemotherapy in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Borella Luis , Green Alexander A. , Webster Robert G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the kinetics of repopulation of blood and bone marrow lymphocytes, immunoglobulin synthesis, and antibody production after stopping long-term combination chemotherapy in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in continuous remission for 2½-3 yr. The phase of recovery after immunosuppressive drugs were discontinued was characterized by a rise of lymphocytes and increased immunoglobulin and antibody production, and it was dependent on the age of the patients at the beginning of treatment. Thus, after the drugs were stopped, blood and bone marrow lymphocytes and serum IgG and IgM increased significantly in the group of patients younger than 5 yr but not in the older group. Lymphocytosis was more pronounced and earlier in bone marrow, suggesting an initial expansion of this cell compartment. After the drugs were discontinued one-fourth of these patients had a rise in antibody to the Hong Kong influenza virus without evidence of reexposure to the same antigen. Although the mechanisms of this age-dependent immunologic rebound are uncertain, we postulate that the number of long-lived, drug-resistant, memory lymphocytes increases in peripheral blood as a function of age and antigenic stimulation. Practical implications derived from this study are: an increase of bone marrow lymphocytes above 40% in children with ALL in whom chemotherapy has been stopped does not indicate relapse but may be a manifestation of immunologic recovery; and a rise in antibody titers after cessation of immunosuppressive drugs may reflect immunologic rebound to an "old" antigen and not necessarily be secondary to an active infectious process.
The Mortality of Acquired Aplastic Anemia in Children
Authors: Li Frederick P. , Alter Blanche P. , Nathan David G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The course of 58 children under age 16 yr with verified acquired aplastic anemia, treated at the Children’s Hospital Medical Center of Boston, 1958-70, has been reviewed. All but one child received androgen, corticosteroid, and supportive therapy. Forty-one of the children (71%) have died, 15 (26%) are alive, and 2 (3%) have been lost to follow-up. Deceased patients had a higher proportion of lymphocytes (p <0.01) and a relative deficiency of hematopoietic precursor cells on initial bone marrow examination. They did not differ significantly from survivors with regard to age, sex, or fetal hemoglobin concentration, and nearly all patients had intense depression of the initial peripheral blood counts. The median survival for the group was less than 6 mo; all 11 new patients hospitalized over the last 5 yr died within 6 mo of starting treatment with oxymetholone and other androgen preparations. Evaluation of treatment for acquired aplastic anemia in children is difficult because of the variable natural history of the disorder. Our findings suggest that androgen therapy often fails to alter the short lethal course of the disease in children requiring hospitalization for complications of severe pancytopenia.
"Nonsecretory" Multiple Myeloma
Authors: River G. L. , Tewksbury D. A. , Fudenberg H. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of "nonsecretory" multiple myeloma with careful study of urine and serum immunoglobulins is presented. Marrow immunofluorescent studies failed to show production of identifiable immunoglobulins. Bone marrow examination may be the only method of diagnosis in such cases.
Familial Association of Thrombopathia and Antihemophilic Factor (AHF, Factor VIII) Deficiency
Authors: Crowell Edward B. , Eisner Eric V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Five female members of a family manifesting a dominantly inherited bleeding disorder were investigated for coagulation and platelet abnormalities. A long bleeding time, mild thrombocytopenia, large platelets, low platelet factor-3 activity (PF-3), and low factor VIII levels were found in the proband. Long bleeding times, low PF-3, and low factor VIII levels were found in various combinations in the four other family members studied. PF-3 was abnormal by three techniques in the proband and could be corrected by adding ADP. Her platelets and those of one other member did not aggregate when exposed to collagen. The proband’s platelets did not release ADP on collagen exposure. The severity of bleeding was proportional to the number of laboratory abnormalities in the individual’s studied. The findings in this family overlap both hereditary thrombopathia and von Willebrand’s disease and were quite variable between family members. It appears that there exists a spectrum of dominant hereditary bleeding disorders with abnormalities in the platelets or factor VIII levels or both, with variable expressivity in family members.
Abnormal Iron Incorporation, Survival, Protoporphyrin Content and Fluorescence of One Red Cell Population in Preleukemic Sideroblastic Anemia
Authors: Riedler Georg F. , Straub P. Werner 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The dimorphic blood picture in sideroblastic anemia suggests the coexistence of at least two types of erythrocyte, the populations with the smaller RBCs being responsible for the crucial abnormality, namely the impairment of iron incorporation into protoporphyrin. In a patient with sideroblastic anemia who subsequently developed acute myelocytic leukemia, we found a light and a heavy cell population to be morphologically different, the lighter cells showing a smaller MCV and lower MCH, a higher reticulocyte count, fluorocyte count and protoporphyrin content. Radioiron uptake and 51Cr survival were 3.5% and 8.2 days for the lighter fraction, 37% and 20 days for the heavier fraction. Thus, the impairment of iron incorporation, the high erythrocyte protoporphyrin content, and the reduced survival of red cells in this patient with sideroblastic anemia appeared to be largely confined to the red cell population with the smaller RBCs.
Cell-Cell Interaction in Vitro: Studied by Density Separation of Colony-forming, Stimulating, and Inhibiting Cells From Human Bone Marrow
Authors: Haskill J. S. , McKnight R. D. , Galbraith P. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cell-cell interaction in vitro was studied by separating normal human bone marrow cells into fractions on the basis of their buoyant density in a linear gradient of bovine serum albumin and by assaying the colony forming ability of marrow fractions and combinations of marrow fractions in methylcellulose medium without an added extrinsic source of colony-stimulating factor. In this culture system unfractionated marrow cells seldom formed colonies, but colonies grew from the low-density fractions, suggesting that an inhibitor had been removed by cell fractionation. When cells from the low-density fraction were mixed with the cells from the middensity and highdensity fractions, stimulation and inhibition of colony size respectively were observed. These observations suggest that cell-cell interaction may play a role in regulation of granulopoiesis in vitro and suggests an approach to the investigation of granulopoiesis in disease.
The Effect of Cobra Venom Factor on Hemostasis in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Dodds W. Jean , Pickering Richard J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recent investigations have indicated an association between the coagulation and complement systems. Our present studies, designed to explore this association further, demonstrated that a purified anticomplementary fraction of cobra venom, cobra venom factor (CVF), produced significant changes in hemostasis when injected into guinea pigs. Some of the effects described may be secondary to the transient intravascular hemolysis produced by CVF. However, a more direct effect of purified CVF on platelet function is suggested by increased platelet factor 3 activity and inhibition of clot retraction and lysis. Furthermore, injection of purified CVF produced striking elevation of plasma fibrinogen without detectable fibrin or fibrinogen degradation products, altered plasminogen levels, and significantly reduced the activities of several extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation factors. These observations provide additional data to support the concept of a functional relationship between the mechanisms that initiate coagulation and activate complement.
Hageman Trait (Factor XII Deficiency): A Probable Second Genotype Inherited as an Autosomal Dominant Characteristic
Authors: Bennett Bruce , Ratnoff Oscar D. , Holt James B. , Roberts Harold R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A family is described in which Hageman trait appeared to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in contrast to previously reported families in which the disorder behaves as an autosomal recessive characteristic. Immunologic studies suggested that the molecular defect was similar to that of the autosomal recessive form and consisted of deficiency of antigens related to Hageman factor.
Vitamin B12-binding Protein of Leukocytes as a Possible Major Source of the Third Vitamin B12-binding Protein of Serum
Authors: Carmel Ralph , Herbert Victor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Much evidence suggests that granulocytes are a major source of serum vitamin B12-binding protein (BBP). The latter has three components: α-1-globulin BBP (Transcobalamin I, TC I), β-globulin BBP (TC II), and a recently described third BBP. Granulocytic BBP has appeared to be identical to TC I except in electrophoretic mobility. In the present study, the dominant BBP of leukocyte extracts from subjects with and without myeloproliferative disease behaved like the third serum BBP. With a few exceptions, more than half the leukocytic binder eluted with the "β globulins" on rapid DEAE-cellulose chromatography. At pH 8.6, electrophoretic mobility of the leukocytic BBP was always α2 or β. At ph 4.5, normal and chronic myelogenous leukemia leukocytic BBP, unlike TC I and TC II, showed little electrophoretic migration. These findings suggest that leukocytic BBP is probably heterogenous and that its major component resembles the third serum BBP more than it does TC I. The third serum BBP, levels of which are elevated in some states of leukocytic proliferation, may derive directly from mature granulocytes. TC I may arise by addition of sialic acid to the third (granulocytic) BBP under certain circumstances or be released from other cells, such as less mature granulocytes. Much of the confusion in the literature regarding source and significance of serum BBP may relate to separating it into only two fractions (α globulin and "β globulin," or "TC I" and TC II) instead of into three fractions.
Studies of Antigens Associated With Hodgkin’s Disease
Authors: Order Stanley E. , Chism Stanley E. , Hellman Samuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following a previous preliminary report, this study was initiated to demonstate further evidence of tumor-associated antigens in Hodgkin’s disease and to determine if these antigens are found in other pathologic states. Tumor-associated antigens are now demonstrated by three techniques in 18 Hodgkin’s invoved spleens and are not found to be present in equal concentration in normal spleens. Using immunofluorescence techniques and absorbed tumor antisera, fluorescence is demonstrated in tumors but not in the normal region of the same tumor-bearing spleen or in normal spleens. Gel diffusion with absorbed tumor antisera revealed a common precipitin band in Hodgkin’s disease not present in normal spleens or spleens from other diseases. Studies with immunoelectrophoresis have demonstrated two antigens present in the tumors in the spleen. Eighteen out of 19 Hodgkin’s tumors from the spleen have such antigens identifiable by immunoelectrophoresis with concomitant negative normal splenic controls in each case. Five out of 18 spleens from other disease states shared one of the antigens. These data confirm the presence of common tumor-associated antigens in Hodgkin’s disease, and it is postulated that at least one antigen may be a host cell reactant substance.
The Platelet-stimulating Effects of 7-beta, 17-alpha-Dimethyltestosterone (Calusterone)
Authors: Horn Yoav , Halden Allan , Gordan G. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Calusterone, 200 mg daily by mouth, significantly raised platelet counts of 80 women with advanced breast cancer. It showed no erythropoietic activity. Simultaneous measurements in 27 patients receiving Δ1-testoloactone, 1000 mg a day, were not significantly different from those of 21 untreated patients. Calusterone is clinically well tolerated, is weakly androgenic, and, like other 17-alpha alkylated steroids, causes bromsulphalein retention but no hepatocellular damage or jaundice. Its thrombocytopoietic effect in women with advanced breast cancer warrants investigation in patients with thrombocytopenic purpura or aplastic anemia and in patients undergoing chemotherapy.