bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of broadleaf weeds growing in turfgrass with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Yu Jialin , Sharpe Shaun M , Schumann Arnold W , Boyd Nathan S 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWeed infestations reduce turfgrass aesthetics and uniformity. Postemergence (POST) herbicides are applied uniformly on turfgrass, hence areas without weeds are also sprayed. Deep learning, particularly the architecture of convolutional neural network (CNN), is a state‐of‐art approach to recognition of images and objects. In this paper, we report deep learning CNN (DL‐CNN) models that are remarkably accurate at detection of broadleaf weeds in turfgrasses.RESULTSVGGNet was the best model for detection of various broadleaf weeds growing in dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.)] and DetectNet was the best model for detection of cutleaf evening‐primrose (Oenothera laciniata Hill) in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) when the learning rate policy was exponential decay. These models achieved high F1 scores (>0.99) and overall accuracy (>0.99), with recall values of 1.00 in the testing datasets.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present research demonstrate the potential for detection of broadleaf weed using DL‐CNN models for detection of broadleaf weeds in turfgrass systems. Further research is required to evaluate weed control in field conditions using these models for in situ video input in conjunction with a smart sprayer. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
CO2‐activation and enhanced capture by C6Li6: A density functional approach
Authors: Srivastava Ambrish Kumar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we propose a simple and yet effective approach for capture and storage of CO2 by C6Li6. C6Li6 possesses a planar star‐like structure, whose ionization energy is lower than that of Li atom and hence, it behaves as a superalkali. We have systematically studied the interaction of successive CO2 molecules with C6Li6 using long‐range dispersion corrected density functional ωB97xD/6‐311 + G(d) calculations. We notice that these interactions lead to stable C6Li6‐nCO2 complexes (n = 1‐6) in which the structure of CO2 moieties is bent appreciably (122‐125°) due to electron transfer from C6Li6, whose planarity is distorted only slightly (≤7°). This clearly suggests that the CO2 molecules can successfully be activated and captured by C6Li6. It has been also noticed that the bond‐length of CO2 in C6Li6‐nCO2 complexes increases monotonically whereas adsorption energy decreases, ranging 3.18‐2.79 eV per CO2 with the increase in n. These findings establish the potential of C6Li6 for capture and storage of CO2 molecules.
Enantiomeric analysis of polycyclic musks AHTN and HHCB and HHCB‐lactone in sewage sludge by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gao Shutao , Tian Boyang , Zeng Xiangying , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2019

RationaleEnantioselective analysis of chiral compounds is an interesting and challenging technique used to elucidate the degradation/transformation mechanisms of these compounds or understand their environmental processes. In this study, we have developed an effective separation and detection approach for the enantiomeric analysis of AHTN and HHCB, as well as a transformation product of HHCB (HHCB‐lactone), in sludge samples.MethodsThe analytical method was developed using a cyclodextrin‐based enantioselective gas chromatography column combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). The GC oven temperature gradients, the linear velocity of the helium carrier gas, as well as the MS/MS parameters, including quantitative and qualitative ion pairs, dwell times, and collision energies, were optimized to achieve good separation and high sensitivity for all target enantiomers.ResultsBaseline separations of all target enantiomers were observed. Limits of quantification (LOQs) for all enantiomers ranged from 0.010 to 0.045 μg/L, and calibration linearity for all single enantiomers was higher than 0.99. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions for all single enantiomers of AHTN, HHCB, and HHCB‐lactone ranged from 0.8 to 3.8% and from 4.2 to 8.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed method was fully validated through enantioselective analyses of AHTN, HHCB, and HHCB‐lactone in sludge samples collected from 17 WWTPs. The enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of HHCB and HHCB‐lactone in sludge samples distinctly deviated from 0.50, indicating a significant enantioselective transformation of HHCB with preferential degradation of the 4S enantiomers. Significant positive correlations were found between the EF values of cis‐HHCB enantiomers and cis‐HHCB‐lactone enantiomers in the sludge samples, implying that further efforts are still needed to clarify the degradation/transformation mechanism from HHCB to HHCB‐lactone.
The influence of diet composition and tissue type on the stable isotope incorporation patterns of a small‐bodied southern African minnow Enteromius anoplus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)
Authors: Kambikambi Manda J. , Chakona Albert , Kadye Wilbert T. 
Published: January 2019

RationaleIn trophic ecology, the use of stable isotope data relies on the general understanding of isotope turnover rates and diet‐to‐tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs). Recent studies on the application of stable isotope data have shown that isotope turnover rates and DTDFs can be influenced by many factors, including diet composition and tissue type. This study investigated the influence of diet composition and tissue type on stable isotope incorporation patterns in a small‐bodied African minnow, the chubbyhead barb Enteromius anoplus.MethodsThe isotopic incorporation patterns of carbon (δ13C values) and nitrogen (δ15N values) into white muscle and caudal fin tissues of the chubbyhead barb were examined using two isotopically different diets. Controlled‐diet stable isotope feeding trials using a fishmeal‐based diet (diet 1) and a soya‐based diet (diet 2) were conducted over a 180‐day period for the chubbyhead barb.ResultsThe two diets had contrasting isotopic incorporation patterns: diet 1 was associated with progressively high δ13C and δ15N values, whereas diet 2 was associated with progressively low δ13C and δ15N values over time for both muscle and fin tissues. The δ13C turnover rates were similar for both tissues (56 and 61 days), whereas the δ15N turnover rates differed between fin and muscle tissue in both diets (diet 1 = 4 and 130 days, and diet 2 = 72 and 300 days, respectively). The DTDFs were similar for both tissues in diet 1 (Δ13C: −3.96 to −2.62‰, Δ15N: 1.98 to 2.61‰) and diet 2 (Δ13C: 4.05 to 5.24‰, Δ15N: 8.45 to 9.69‰).ConclusionsThese results suggest that fin tissue can potentially be used as an alternative for muscle tissue in food web studies with a reasonable level of error. The isotopic turnover rate and DTDFs estimates for E. anoplus, however, require consideration of diet composition because different diets may differ in their isotopic incorporation patterns.
Oocyte collection and in vitro maturation after train transportation of human follicular fluid aspirated from resected non‐stimulated ovaries of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Ono Natsuki , Kumazawa Yukiyo , Sato Wataru , Sato Naoki , Ihara Motomasa , Yaegashi Nobuo , Terada Yukihiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeImmature human oocytes from resected ovaries can be used for research and fertility preservation, though it is unknown whether it is feasible to transport oocytes for these purposes. This study examined in vitro maturation (IVM) outcomes after the transportation of human follicular fluid (HFF) containing oocytes.MethodsFourteen patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Oocytes obtained from the resected ovaries of seven patients were transported with HFF by railway (transportation group). Samples of HFF from the other seven patients were not transported, and IVM was performed promptly (non‐transportation group). The results of oocyte retrieval and IVM were compared.ResultsThe average ages in the transportation and non‐transportation groups were 40.1 ± 2.0 and 39.6 ± 1.8 years, respectively, and the average numbers of collected oocytes were 8.1 ± 8.4 and 5.1 ± 5.1, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of collected oocytes and age. The proportions of oocytes that reached meiosis II (maturation rate) after IVM were 38.6% and 69.2% in the transportation and non‐transportation groups, respectively (P = 0.013).ConclusionIn this preliminary study, the usefulness of the transportation of HFF was limited. Further studies on maintaining oocyte normality during transportation are necessary for becoming the effective method for research and clinical use.
Consensus of multiagent systems with nonlinear dynamics and time‐varying communication delays
Authors: Qian Wei , Gao Yanshan , Wang Lei , Fei Shumin 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper deals with the local consensus of multiagent systems with nonlinear dynamics communication delays simultaneously. By introducing a weighted average state and applying the properties of the Laplacian matrix eigenvalues, the system is decoupled into several subsystems, firstly, to reduce complexity of theory analysis. Then, a new augmented vector containing single and double integral terms is constructed and the corresponding Lyapunov functional with triple integral terms is introduced. Meanwhile, in order to improve the estimating accuracy of the derivatives of constructed Lyapunov functional, single integral inequalities and double integral inequalities via auxiliary functions, an extended relaxed integral inequality and an reciprocally convex approach are used, as a result, stability criterion with less conservatism is derived, which guarantees the local consensus of the considered systems. Finally, numerical examples are provided to check the improvement of the proposed method over the existing works.
Capability creation: Heuristics as microfoundations
Authors: Bingham Christopher B. , Howell Travis , Ott Timothy E. 
Published: January 2019

Research SummaryWhile much research suggests that capabilities are critical for firms, little is known about the individual‐level origins (“microfoundations”) of capabilities. Using in‐depth nested case studies, we explore how firms develop an internationalization capability. The setting is six entrepreneurial firms from three culturally distinct countries. Our data show that executives begin byseedingthe process with imperfect heuristics and then managers continue development byelaboratingtheir understanding of what task to perform and how to perform it. Importantly, managers across hierarchical levels support the development of their firm's internationalization capability byabstractingkey heuristics away from any one experience such that the capabilities becomelessroutine over time. Overall, we contribute to the microfoundations movement in strategy and to the literature on organizational learning.Managerial SummaryFirm capabilities are not just important to strategy, but oftenarethe strategy of firms, especially in dynamic markets. Popular examples include Cisco's acquisition capability, Hewlett–Packard's alliance capability, Starbuck's internationalization capability, and Apple's product development capability. Unfortunately, it is often unclear to executives how to build a firm capability. We explore how entrepreneurial firms develop their own internationalization capability over time. Our data show that these capabilities develop through a process of seeding, elaborating, and abstracting key heuristics for internationalization. Importantly, we show that this process is shaped by extensive communication within and across multiple hierarchical levels. In this way, heuristics move from individual‐level “rules of thumb” for action to firm‐level understandings for fueling growth and creating competitive advantage.
Mechanical and thermal performance of new liner tray solutions
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Pyschny Dominik , Kramer Lisa , Brieden Matthias , Ummenhofer Thomas , Ruff Daniel C. , Fauth Christian , Holz Rainer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLiner tray wall systems are widely used for industrial and commercial buildings. Up until now, the main type used was the conventional solution with a thin (3 mm) separation strip between liner tray and outer shell. In the meantime, various solutions exist on the market to improve the thermal performance of this wall system. On the one hand, this paper deals with numerical studies that show how these new solutions reduce the heat transfer coefficient of liner tray wall systems. On the other hand, it is about the related increase in the fixing distance s1 and its influence on the mechanical performance of liner tray wall systems. Extensive experimental investigations have been performed on liner trays with a directly attached outer façade within the scope of the European RFCS Research Project GRISPE. Practicable calculation methods have been derived based on existing regulations and methods. This paper depicts by way of excerpts the results for liner trays with a directly attached outer façade for fastener distances that are not or insufficiently covered in the standards.
Analysis of long non‐coding RNA involved in atrazine‐induced testicular degeneration of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Sai Linlin , Qu Binpeng , Zhang Juan , Liu Jian , Jia Qiang , Bo Cunxiang , Zhang Yu , Yu Gongchang , Han Ru , Peng Cheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a critical role in male germline development. Atrazine (AZ) as an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical (EDCs) can induce male reproductive toxicity in amphibians. Our previous studies demonstrated that AZ can alter gene and circular RNA (circRNA) expression of damaged testes in Xenopus laevis (X. laevis). We furthered to investigate the lncRNA expression profiling in the testis of X. laevis. Over 3559 lncRNAs were detected by lncRNA sequencing. AZ induced 40 upregulated and 46 downregulated differentially expressed lncRNAs. KEGG analysis showed that AZ‐affected lncRNAs mainly involve in 19 pathways among which 12 pathways are found in circRNA analysis. This study for the first time demonstrated that AZ can alter lncRNAs which may play a role in testicular degeneration through regulating expressions of functional genes in X. laevis. Our data may provide more insights on the mechanism about male reproductive toxicity of EDCs.
Sonographic demonstration of fetal esophagus using three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging
Authors: Dall'Asta A. , Grisolia G. , Nanni M. , Volpe N. , Schera G. B. L. , Frusca T. , Ghi T. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of antenatal direct visualization of normal and abnormal fetal esophagus using three‐dimensional ultrasound (3D‐US) with Crystal Vue rendering technology.MethodsBetween February and April 2018, 3D‐US volumes were collected from a non‐consecutive series of singleton pregnancies, referred for clinically indicated detailed prenatal ultrasound at 19–28 weeks' gestation to one of two fetal medicine units in Italy. 3D volumes were acquired from a midsagittal section of the fetal thorax and upper abdomen with the fetus lying in supine position. Postprocessing with multiplanar mode was applied to orientate the volume and identify the esophagus. The region of interest was angled by approximately 30° to the spine and its thickness was adjusted in order to optimize visualization of the intrathoracic and intra‐abdominal course of the esophagus. Crystal Vue software was used for image rendering of the fetal trunk in the coronal plane. Postnatal follow‐up was available in all cases.ResultsDuring the study period, 91 pregnancies met the inclusion criteria and were recruited. The study cohort included two pregnancies with suspicion of esophageal atresia due to suboptimal visualization of the stomach. Of the 89 cases with normal stomach on two‐dimensional (2D) imaging, 3D‐US with Crystal Vue rendering technology allowed direct evaluation of the whole course of the esophagus in 74 (83.1%). In the two cases with small or absent stomach bubble on 2D imaging, esophageal atresia was demonstrated antenatally on 3D Crystal Vue imaging and was confirmed postnatally. The mean time required for offline postprocessing and visualization of the esophageal anatomy was 4 min.ConclusionsUsing 3D‐US with Crystal Vue rendering, it is possible to visualize antenatally the normal fetal esophagus and demonstrate presence of esophageal atresia. This should facilitate prenatal counseling and management of cases with suspected esophageal atresia. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Clustering approaches for high‐dimensional databases: A review
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Goyal Lalit M. , Hemanth Duraisamy Jude , Sethi Jasleen K. 
Published: January 2019

Data mining is an inevitable task in most of the emerging computing technologies as it debilitates the complexity of datasets by rendering a better insight. Moreover, it entails the efficacy to envisage ingeniously the vast and heterogeneous datasets and thus delineates substantial knowledge from the abundance of data by pragmatic implementation of suitable algorithm. There are galore of algorithms in literature for this purpose. Furthermore, clustering is widely used techniques to analyze the data within the purview of data mining and thus it became as a motivational impetus for the authors to survey the existing literature on this topic rigorously and have consequently identified various key parameters so that concomitant improvement can be possible while selecting a best fit clustering algorithm pertaining to a specific problem domain. Furthermore, clustering, classification and association rule mining are akin and indispensable to data mining and owing to these authors have also included interrelation and intertwining among these terms so that this work will presage chunk of help for the researchers working in this field. The present study also envisages and manifests the challenges associated with the clustering algorithms for two‐ and high‐dimensional databases in a flamboyant fashion. Over and above, this work identifies key parametric attributes to assess the clustering algorithms which in turn benevolent the existing work and paves the way for profound future research in this realm.This article is categorized under:Technologies > Structure Discovery and ClusteringTechnologies > ClassificationTechnologies > Association RulesFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
L-functions for meromorphic modular forms and sum rules in conformal field theory
Authors: McGady David A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe define L-functions for meromorphic modular forms that are regular at cusps, and use them to: (i) find new relationships between Hurwitz class numbers and traces of singular moduli, (ii) establish predictions from the physics of T-reflection, and (iii) express central charges in two-dimensional conformal field theories (2d CFT) as a literal sum over the states in the CFTs spectrum. When a modular form has an order-ppole away from cusps, itsq-series coefficients grow asnp−1e2πntfor$$ t\ge \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} $$t≥32. Its L-function must be regularized. We define such L-functions by a deformed Mellin transform. We study the L-functions of logarithmic derivatives of modular forms. L-functions of logarithmic derivatives of Borcherds products reveal a new relationship between Hurwitz class numbers and traces of singular moduli. If we can write 2d CFT path integrals as infinite products, our L-functions confirm T-reflection predictions and relate central charges to regularized sums over the states in a CFTs spectrum. Equating central charges, which are a proxy for the number of degrees of freedom in a theory, directly to a sum over states in these CFTs is new and relies on our regularization of such sums that generally exhibit exponential (Hagedorn) divergences.
Convergence of equilibria for bending-torsion models of rods with inhomogeneities
Authors: Pawelczyk Matthäus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe prove that, in the limit of vanishing thickness, equilibrium configurations of inhomogeneous, three-dimensional non-linearly elastic rods converge to equilibrium configurations of the variational limit theory. More precisely, we show that, as $h\searrow 0$, stationary points of the energy , for a rod $\Omega _h\subset {\open R}^3$ with cross-sectional diameter h, subconverge to stationary points of the Γ-limit of , provided that the bending energy of the sequence scales appropriately. This generalizes earlier results for homogeneous materials to the case of materials with (not necessarily periodic) inhomogeneities.
Growth in early life and physical and intellectual development at school age: a cohort study
Authors: Li Chao , Zeng Lingxia , Wang Duolao , Allen Stephen , Jaffar Shabbar , Zhou Jing , Chen Tao , Watson Victoria , Yan Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe associations between growth during early life and subsequent cognitive development and physical outcomes are not widely known in low-resource settings. We examined postnatal weight and height gain through early life and related these measurements to the nutritional status and intellectual development of the same children when they were between 7 and 9 years old. Mothers had enrolled in an randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of prenatal micronutrient supplementation on birth weight. Their children were born in 2004, their height and weight were measured at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age and were followed up between October 2012 and September 2013 (at ages 7–9 years, n 650). Height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age were used to describe the nutritional status, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fourth edition was used to measure the intellectual function. Multilevel linear and logistic modelling was used to estimate the association between early growth and subsequent growth and intellectual function. After adjustment, weight gain from 6 to 12 months of age was associated with Full-scale Intelligence Quotient, Verbal Comprehension Index, Working Memory Index and Perceptual Reasoning Index. Weight gain during early life was associated with subsequent nutritional status. For every 1 kg increase in weight during the 0- to 6-month period, the OR for underweight, thinness and stunting at 7–9 years of age were 0·19 (95 % CI 0·09, 0·37), 0·34 (95 % CI 0·19, 0·59) and 0·40 (95 % CI 0·19, 0·83), respectively. Weight gain during the periods of 6–12 months of age and 18–24 months of age was also associated with a lower risk of being underweight. Weight gain during early life was associated with better growth outcomes and improved intellectual development in young school-aged children.
Surgery alone versus post-operative radiotherapy for sinonasal malignant melanoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hu R , Yang B-B 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveSinonasal malignant melanoma is a relatively rare malignancy with poor prognosis, and effective treatments remain elusive. This analysis aimed to explore whether post-operative radiotherapy conferred any survival advantages in patients with this disease when compared with surgery alone.MethodsPublished studies were identified by searching four electronic databases. The endpoints evaluated were: rates of overall survival, disease-free survival and local control.ResultsTwenty-eight studies including 1392 patients were identified. The results indicated that post-operative radiotherapy led to a significantly better three-year overall survival rate (p= 0.02), and suggested a borderline significant benefit for five-year overall survival (p= 0.05), when compared with surgery alone. However, no statistical advantage was found for disease-free survival, local control or one-year overall survival.ConclusionThis meta-analysis indicated that adjuvant radiotherapy prolonged survival, but showed no benefit for disease-free survival or local control.