bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Situ Marginalisation: Social Impact of Chinese Mega‐Projects
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wu Fulong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study offers a detailed analysis of an under‐researched social problem of in‐situ marginalisation and its causes by drawing on the concept of state entrepreneurialism. Our empirical data stem from the Lingang mega project in Shanghai and one of its neighbourhoods named Neighbourhood No.57 where we find that the residents have not been relocated but are instead suffering from declining public services and environmental quality from surrounding industrial developments. The root cause of this problem is the municipal government’s prioritisation of its strategic objectives of economic development over the livelihood of local residents. The strategic vision of the municipality has led to mass relocation in its early phases of development but in its later stages leaves many residents waiting for relocation whilst being gradually surrounded by industrial developments. Despite continued residential complaints and petitions, in‐situ marginalisation is not resolved due to the institutional arrangement of Lingang, which has centralised planning and financing powers to newly created project‐oriented state organisation. Social responsibilities have been relegated to lower‐tiered governments in Lingang which have neither planning power nor the financial resources to resolve the problems of residents. By examining the case of Lingang, this paper provides a different analytical framework for explaining the social problems emerging from China’s mega urban developments.
Perioperative blood product transfusion of two different perfusion strategies on pediatric patients undergoing aortic arch surgery
Authors: Tong Yuanyuan , Zhang Peiyao , Li Shoujun , Yan Jun , Feng Zhengyi , Zhao Ju , Guo Shengwen , Jin Yu , Liu Jinping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSimple regional cerebral perfusion (SRCP) or cerebro‐myocardial perfusion (CMP) is selectively used in one‐stage complex aortic arch malformation repair. This analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CMP and SRCP on perioperative blood product consumption, and to evaluate whether these two strategies have different effects on the clinical outcomes. A retrospective analysis of 284 children with complicated aortic malformation from January 2010 to June 2018 was performed. The overall cohort was divided into SRCP group (n = 202) and CMP group (n = 82). A comprehensive comparison of perioperative blood product consumption‐related indexes was performed. Cardiopulmonary bypass time, cardiac arrest time, cooling, and rewarming time in the CMP group were significantly shorter than those in the SRCP group (P < .05). Chest tube time was 3.82 ± 1.33 days in the SRCP group compared to 3.42 ± 0.97 days in the CMP group (P = .005). Moreover, intraoperative platelet (PLT) transfusion volume (mL/kg) and rate (%) were significantly lower in the CMP group (P < .001). Multivariate regression analysis found that intraoperative PLT transfusion was significantly negatively correlated with CMP management [OR = 0.237 (0.110‐0.507), P < .001] and CPB time was independently associated with delayed chest tube removal (>3 days) [OR = 1.010 (1.001‐1.020), P = .031]. In‐hospital mortality and early postoperative adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups. In children with on‐pump complex aortic arch surgeries, CMP is more preferable than SRCP in blood protection. However, overall prognosis was not remarkably different between these two perfusion groups. They are both safe and feasible.
Prescribers' views and experiences of using direct acting oral anticoagulants in the management of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: A survey in remote and rural Scotland
Authors: Generalova Daria , Cunningham Scott , Leslie Stephen J. , Rushworth Gordon , McIver Laura , Stewart Derek 
Published: July 2019

AimsA recent systematic review highlighted the lack of robust studies on prescribers' perspectives of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The aim was to determine prescribers' views and experiences of prescribing DOACs.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of prescribers in a remote and rural area of Scotland. Survey items were: demographics; prescribing of DOACs; views of potential influences on DOAC prescribing; knowledge of prescribing guidelines; and experiences. Items on potential influences were based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and content analysis of responses to open questions. Principal component analysis was performed on the items of potential influences.ResultsIn total, 154 responses were received, 120 (77.9%) from doctors, 18 (11.7%) from nurse prescribers and 10 (6.4%) from pharmacist prescribers (6 missing). Principal component analysis of the Theoretical Domains Framework items of potential influences gave 4 components. Component scores for (i) role of professionals, their knowledge and skills and (ii) influences on prescribing were positive. Those for (iii) consequences of prescribing and (iv) monitoring for safety and effectiveness were more neutral. There were low levels of agreement for statements relating to DOACs being more effective, safer and cost‐effective than warfarin. There were similar responses around the complexity of bleeding management and detection of over and under‐anticoagulation.ConclusionThis study has identified several key issues of DOAC prescribing (e.g. bleeding management) hence further emphasis is required in continuing professional development and during guideline implementation and evaluation.
Basic fibroblast growth factor blockade enhances lung cancer cell invasion by activating the AKT/MMP‐2/VEGF pathway
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Xu Huan , Zhang Junai , Jin Hua , Wei Pei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can stimulate cancer cell growth and invasion; however, the influence of bFGF blockade remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of bFGF blockade on the growth and invasion in A549 (high bFGF expression) and H2122 (low bFGF expression) lung cancer cells. We found that the blocking of bFGF by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody suppressed the growth of A549 cells but not of H2122 cells, as well as strongly induced the invasiveness of A549 cancer cells. Furthermore, bFGF blockade activated the AKT pathway and enhanced the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in A549 cells. These responses could be reversed by treatment with AKT inhibitor and siMMP‐2, thus indicating the involvement of the AKT/MMP‐2/VEGF‐positive feedback loop. Finally, we confirmed that the anti‐bFGF‐induced invasion of cancer cells could be rescued by inhibiting the AKT/MMP‐2/VEGF loop. Our results revealed that bFGF blockade suppresses cell growth but promotes cell invasion in lung cancer cells with high bFGF expression levels. Our data further reinforced the importance of the AKT/MMP‐2/VEGF loop in regulating anti‐bFGF‐induced tumour cell invasion and suggested the limitations of the bFGF‐targeting strategy in lung cancer treatment.
Optimal clinical management of children receiving ketogenic parenteral nutrition: a clinical practice guide
Authors: van der Louw Elles , Aldaz Vanessa , Harvey Jessica , Roan Marian , van den Hurk Dorine , Cross J Helen , Auvin Stéphane ,   Review Group
Published: July 2019

AimTo give evidence‐based recommendations on the application of ketogenic diet parenteral nutrition (KD‐PN) in emergency situations.MethodAn international group of experts (n=14) researched the literature and distributed a survey among 150 expert centers. International accepted guidelines (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism/European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition) and handbooks for parenteral nutrition were considered general standards of care.ResultsIn the literature, we identified 35 reports of patients treated by KD‐PN. International guidelines and handbooks provided some conflicting information. Twenty‐four expert teams from nine countries responded to the survey, reflecting the limited clinical experience.InterpretationThis paper highlights 23 consensus‐based recommendations for safe and effective KD‐PN (e.g. diet initiation, calculation, application, monitoring, and evaluation) based on the best evidence available and expert opinions.What this paper adds

In acute settings, ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) can be administered parenterally.

Parenteral administration of KDT should be started only at the intensive care unit.

Initiate ketogenic parenteral nutrition stepwise to the highest ratio possible with the lowest level of complications.

Evaluate the risk–benefit ratio of parenteral administration continuously.

Restart enteral feeding as soon as appropriate.
There is value in treating elevated levels of diabetes distress: the clinical impact of targeted interventions in adults with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hessler D. , Fisher L. , Polonsky W. , Strycker L. , Parra J. , Bowyer V. , Dedhia M. , Masharani U. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of targeted interventions to reduce high diabetes distress among adults with Type 1 diabetes with a comparison sample of similar but untreated individuals, and to document the stability of untreated diabetes distress over time.MethodsA total of 51 adults with Type 1 diabetes with elevated baseline diabetes distress (distress score ≥ 2.0) and HbA1c levels (≥ 58 mmol/mol) were identified from a longitudinal, non‐intervention study, and compared with a similar sample of 51 participants in an intervention study. Both groups completed the T1‐DDS diabetes distress questionnaire at baseline and 9 months.ResultsLarge and significant reductions in diabetes distress scores were recorded in the intervention group (mean ± sd change = –0.6 ± 0.6), while minimal change was found in the non‐intervention group (–0.2 ± 0.6, group effect P = 0.002; effect size d = 0.67). Additional analyses using the established minimal clinically important difference for the T1‐DDS showed that diabetes distress increased significantly (minimal clinically important difference ≥ 1) or persisted at high levels for 51% of participants in the non‐intervention group, compared with 23.5% in the intervention group.ConclusionOur results showed that targeted interventions led to dramatic reductions in diabetes distress compared with a lack of treatment. We also conclude that elevated diabetes distress, when left unaddressed, does not resolve over time and often remains chronic. (Clinical Trials Registry no.: NCT02175732)
The power of narratives: Explaining inaction on gender mainstreaming in Uganda’s climate change policy
Authors: Acosta Mariola , van Wessel Margit , van Bommel Severine , Ampaire Edidah L. , Jassogne Laurence , Feindt Peter H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMotivationGender mainstreaming has been increasingly viewed as a fundamental element of agricultural climate adaptation policies. However, the expectation that gender‐mainstreaming efforts would contribute towards greater gender equality has been mostly disappointed. Our starting point is this disjuncture between a firm establishment of the gender mainstreaming discourse and the limited visible effects in reducing gender inequalities.PurposeTo understand this disjuncture we examine the meanings through which policy makers relate to, and dis/engage with gender issues. The article draws attention to the role of narratives in micro‐processes of policymaking that support, perpetuate or create resistance against the concept of gender mainstreaming, or against policy change more broadly.Approach and methodsThe study deploys a multi‐step narrative analysis in which we identify story episodes, co‐construct stories, identify and interpret the narratives and finally study these narratives in interaction. The empirical material consists of thirty semi‐standardized expert interviews as well as excerpts from ten multi‐stakeholder meetings on the themes of climate change, agriculture, rural livelihoods and gender in Uganda.FindingsThe analysis reveals a complex ecology of 22 stories, clustered in five main narratives. While most stories unfold a Gender Equality narrative, four competing narratives emerge. Shifts during conversations from the Gender Equality narrative to other narratives reveal that the discursive engagement with gender mainstreaming is accompanied by simultaneous resistance, deconstruction and revocation. These narrative shifts exercise four distinct power effects: They (1) shift blame for ineffective gender implementation; (2) legitimize policy inaction; (3) foreground and naturalize patriarchy; and (4) promote the diversion of resources. The implicit communicative strategies exercise power through ideas (persuade listeners that the equality narrative is inappropriate), power over ideas (gender equality ideas are rejected or frustrated) and power in ideas (entrenched patriarchy ideas are reproduced).Policy implicationsAttention to ideational power through policy narrative contributes to explain implementation issues with gender mainstreaming in Uganda, and is likely to be relevant beyond this case.
A leader in an emerging new international market: the determinants of French wine exports, 1848–1938
Authors: Ayuda María‐Isabel , Ferrer‐Pérez Hugo , Pinilla Vicente 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this article is to provide an in‐depth study of France's performance in the new international wine market that began to take shape from the middle of the nineteenth century. We analyse the main determinants of its success in exporting ordinary and high‐quality wine using a gravity model for both types of wine. The article shows how France lost foreign markets in the ordinary wine sector, due to difficulties in maintaining its exports, which resulted from the decrease in production caused by the phylloxera plague and increasing competition from growing numbers of producers who were more efficient at producing these types of wines. However, in the high‐quality wine market, French exporters enjoyed considerable success, increasing their exports thanks to their efforts to offer a product that was highly valued abroad and the use of modern marketing and sales techniques. The exports benefited from the fall in transport costs and French colonial expansion. However, exports of both products were severely affected by a series of major events, including the First World War, the Russian Revolution, Prohibition in the US, and the Great Depression. This case study of the wine market shows that the collapse of the first globalization was not the same for all products.
Fear of humans as apex predators has landscape‐scale impacts from mountain lions to mice
Authors: Suraci Justin P. , Clinchy Michael , Zanette Liana Y. , Wilmers Christopher C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape‐scale impacts across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although this has yet to be experimentally demonstrated. Humans have supplanted large carnivores as apex predators in many systems, and similarly pervasive impacts may now result from fear of the human ‘super predator’. We conducted a landscape‐scale playback experiment demonstrating that the sound of humans speaking generates a landscape of fear with pervasive effects across wildlife communities. Large carnivores avoided human voices and moved more cautiously when hearing humans, while medium‐sized carnivores became more elusive and reduced foraging. Small mammals evidently benefited, increasing habitat use and foraging. Thus, just the sound of a predator can have landscape‐scale effects at multiple trophic levels. Our results indicate that many of the globally observed impacts on wildlife attributed to anthropogenic activity may be explained by fear of humans.
Airborne exposure to gaseous and particle‐associated organic substances in resin‐based dental materials during restorative procedures
Authors: Nilsen Bo W. , Jensen Einar , Örtengren Ulf , Bang Berit , Michelsen Vibeke B. 
Published: July 2019

Dental composite dust has been shown to act as a vehicle for methacrylates in vivo/in vitro. The objective of this study was to assess airborne exposure of dental personnel to gaseous and particle‐associated organic constituents from resin‐based dental materials in a simulated clinic. Sampling of total aerosol fractions and gaseous substances was performed by dental students carrying particle filters and gas sorbents attached to a personal pump during preclinical restorative procedures in phantom models (n = 13). Water from the phantoms was sampled. Organic substances were extracted from the sampled water, particle filters, and gas sorbents. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS). The methacrylates 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and the additives camphorquinone (CQ), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ethyl 4‐(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), were quantified in the gas and particle fractions sampled. A positive‐control experiment was conducted. No methacrylates were detected in the gas or particle fractions sampled, whereas strong signals for methacrylates were detected in the positive controls, matching the analysis of the uncured material. In addition, TEGDMA and DMABEE were quantified in the sampled water. Airborne exposure to constituents in resin‐based dental materials was below the detection limit. However, the extent of exposure is probably dependent on the procedure, preventive measures, and type of materials used.
CDKL5 deficiency disorder: Relationship between genotype, epilepsy, cortical visual impairment, and development
Authors: Demarest Scott T. , Olson Heather E. , Moss Angela , Pestana‐Knight Elia , Zhang Xiaoming , Parikh Sumit , Swanson Lindsay C. , Riley Katherine D. , Bazin Grace A. , Angione Katie , Niestroj Lisa‐Marie , Lal Dennis , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , Benke Tim A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe cyclin‐dependent kinase like 5 (CDKL5) gene is a known cause of early onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, also known as CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). We sought to (1) provide a description of seizure types in patients with CDD, (2) provide an assessment of the frequency of seizure‐free periods and cortical visual impairment (CVI), (3) correlate these features with genotype and gender, and (4) correlate these features with developmental milestones.MethodsThis is a cohort study of patients with CDD. Phenotypic features were explored and correlated with gene variant grouping and gender. A developmental score was created based on achieving seven primary milestones. Phenotypic variables were correlated with the developmental score to explore markers of better developmental outcomes. Multivariate linear regression was used to account for age at last visit.ResultsNinety‐two patients with CDD were seen during the enrollment period. Eighteen were male (19%); median age at last visit was 5 years (interquartile range = 2.0‐11.0). Eighty‐one percent of patients developed epileptic spasms, but only 47% of those also had hypsarrhythmia. Previously described hypermotor‐tonic‐spasms sequence was seen in only 24% of patients, but 56% of patients had seizures with multiple phases (often tonic and spasms). Forty‐three percent of patients experienced a seizure‐free period ranging from 1 to >12 months, but only 6% were still seizure‐free at the last visit. CVI was present in 75% of all CDD patients. None of these features was associated with genotype group or gender. CVI was correlated with reduced milestone achievement after adjusting for age at last visit and a history of hypsarrhythmia.SignificanceThe most common seizure types in CDD are epileptic spasms (often without hypsarrhythmia) and tonic seizures that may cluster together. CVI is a common feature in CDD and is correlated with achieving fewer milestones.
Effect of antimicrobial peptides HNP‐1 and hBD‐1 on Staphylococcus aureus strains in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bolatchiev Albert , Baturin Vladimir , Bazikov Igor , Maltsev Alexander , Kunitsina Elena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aims of this study were: (i) To investigate the activity of recombinant AMPs HNP‐1 and hBD‐1 in combination with cefotaxime against Staphylococcus aureus strains (MSSA and MRSA) in vitro using checkerboard method; (ii) To investigate the activity of HNP‐1 and hBD‐1 encapsulated in silicon nanoparticles (niosomes) in the treatment of MRSA‐infected wound in rats. For this S. aureus strains (MSSA and MRSA) were isolated from patients with diabetic foot infection. Cefotaxime, recombinant HNP‐1 and hBD‐1 (in all possible combinations with each other) were used for testing by the checkerboard method. Two niosomal topical gels with HNP‐1/hBD‐1 were prepared to treat MRSA‐infected wounds in rats. Gels were administered once a day, the control group–without treatment. Wound healing rate was calculated on the 4th, 9th and 16th days of the experiment and compared using one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. MIC of HNP‐1 for MSSA and MRSA was the same–1 mg/L. MIC of hBD‐1 for MSSA and MRSA was also the same–0.5 mg/L. Topical gels with niosomal HNP‐1 (or hBD‐1) showed a significantly faster wound healing in comparison with the control. The data obtained open up prospects for use of AMPs encapsulated in silica nanoparticles for the development of new antibiotics.
A small, narrow‐beaked albatross from the Pliocene of New Zealand demonstrates a higher past diversity in the feeding ecology of the Diomedeidae
Authors: Mayr Gerald , Tennyson Alan J. D. 
Published: July 2019

We describe a nearly complete, three‐dimensionally preserved skull of a new albatross species from the late Pliocene (3.0–3.4 million years ago) Tangahoe Formation of New Zealand.Aldiomedes angustirostris, n. gen. et sp. has only about 90% of the length of the skull of the smallest extant albatross and is the geologically youngest record of a small‐sized albatross known to date. The new species is characterized by a mediolaterally compressed beak, which is not found in any living albatross. The small size and some cranial features ofA. angustirostrisindicate that, in spite of its comparatively young geological age, the new species was not part of crown group Diomedeidae. We hypothesize thatA. angustirostriswas more piscivorous than extant albatrosses, which predominantly feed on squid. The reasons for the extinction of smaller‐sized albatrosses are elusive but may be related to changes in seabird fauna during the Pliocene epoch, which witnessed the radiation of various non‐procellariiform seabird groups.