bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arqueología de los caminos: investigación sobre la ruta tomada por el éxodo del pueblo oriental de 1811 (Uruguay)
Authors: López Mazz José Maria , Machado Alfonso , Marozzi Oscar , Duarte Christopher 
Published: April 2018

Se aborda desde la metodología arqueológica la demarcación de un tramodel camino asociado al episodio histórico conocido como el “Éxodo del PuebloOriental”. La ruta ha sido declarada explícitamente como Monumento HistóricoNacional, por la Ley de Patrimonio del año 1971. El trabajo de geo-referenciación de este itinerario es parte de un abordaje multidisciplinario que involucra miradas y enfoques desde la Historia y la Agrimensura. Esto ha permitido introducir nuevas aristas a la discusión y enriquecer el debate sobre aspectos particulares del episodio histórico. Se presentan aquí los aportes para su reconstrucción desde la Arqueología. En el marco de un convenio entre la Universidad de la República (UdelaR) y la Comisión Nacional del Patrimonio Cultural del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (CNPC - MEC) de Uruguay. El trabajo pone énfasis en la metodología de prospección arqueológica y explora aspectos vinculados a la circulación humana prehistórica e histórica persistentes de la región, asociados a atributos geográficos-ambientales que conforman la materialidad y elementos del paisaje reciente.
A Uniformly Selected Sample of Low-mass Black Holes in Seyfert 1 Galaxies. II. The SDSS DR7 Sample
Authors: Liu He-Yang , Yuan Weimin , Dong Xiao-Bo , Zhou Hongyan , Liu Wen-Juan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A new sample of 204 low-mass black holes (LMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is presented with black hole masses in the range of (1–20) × 105
M
⊙. The AGNs are selected through a systematic search among galaxies in the Seventh Data Release (DR7) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and careful analyses of their optical spectra and precise measurement of spectral parameters. Combining them with our previous sample selected from SDSS DR4 makes it the largest LMBH sample so far, totaling over 500 objects. Some of the statistical properties of the combined LMBH AGN sample are briefly discussed in the context of exploring the low-mass end of the AGN population. Their X-ray luminosities follow the extension of the previously known correlation with the [O iii] luminosity. The effective optical-to-X-ray spectral indices α
OX, albeit with a large scatter, are broadly consistent with the extension of the relation with the near-UV luminosity L
2500 Å. Interestingly, a correlation of α
OX with black hole mass is also found, with α
OX being statistically flatter (stronger X-ray relative to optical) for lower black hole masses. Only 26 objects, mostly radio loud, were detected in radio at 20 cm in the FIRST survey, giving a radio-loud fraction of 4%. The host galaxies of LMBHs have stellar masses in the range of 108.8–1012.4
M
⊙ and optical colors typical of Sbc spirals. They are dominated by young stellar populations that seem to have undergone continuous star formation history.
The Ortho-to-para Ratio of Water Molecules Desorbed from Ice Made from Para-water Monomers at 11 K
Authors: Hama Tetsuya , Kouchi Akira , Watanabe Naoki 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Water has two nuclear-spin isomers: ortho- and para-H2O. Some observations of interstellar space and cometary comae have reported the existence of gaseous H2O molecules with anomalous ortho-to-para ratios (OPRs) less than the statistical value of three. This has been often used to estimate the formation temperature of ice on dust, which is inferred to be below 50 K. The relation between the nuclear-spin dynamics of H2O in ice at low temperatures and the OPR of gaseous H2O desorbed from the ice has yet to be explored in a laboratory. Consequently, the true meaning of the observed OPRs remains debated. We measure the OPR of H2O photodesorbed from ice made from para-H2O monomers at 11 K, which was prepared by the sublimation of Ne from a para-H2O/Ne matrix. The photodesorbed H2O molecules from the ice have the statistical OPR value of three, demonstrating the immediate nuclear-spin-state mixing of H2O toward the statistical value of ice even at 11 K. The OPR of H2O thermally desorbed from the ice also shows the expected statistical value. Our results indicate that the OPR of H2O desorbed from interstellar ice should be the statistical value regardless of the formation process of the ice, which cannot be used to deduce the ice-formation temperature. This study highlights the importance of interstellar gas-phase processes in understanding anomalous abundance ratios of nuclear-spin isomers of molecules in space.
First experiences of accrediting district hospitals for excellence in newborn care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Successes and challenges
Authors: Haskins Lyn , Nyasulu Dolly , Davidge Ruth , McKerrow Neil , Horwood Christiane 
Published: April 2018

Objective: Providing quality health care is what all health facilities seek to achieve. Accreditation of health services are used to assess and improve the quality of health care in different settings. This study describes experiences of developing and conducting accreditation for excellence in newborn care in district hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa following a 3-year programme of support to all nurseries in KZN.Methods: A facility review was conducted in district hospitals in KZN to evaluate the quality of care provided to newborn babies to accredit hospitals in newborn care. Multiple tools were used to assess different components of care from different perspectives, including record reviews, assessment of staff skills and interviews with mothers. Awarding accreditation was based on scores achieved in various domains, which contributed to an overall score. Compliance with key priority indicators was required for accreditation to be awarded.Results: Overall scores for accreditation ranged between 57%-93%. Mothers reported high levels of satisfaction with care received. Record reviews identified shortfalls in care provided, and skills assessments showed poor resuscitation skills in labour wards in some hospitals. Of 39 district hospitals, eight were awarded silver and five were awarded gold accreditation status.Conclusions: This accreditation of newborn care provides a workable model for undertaking accreditation in district hospitals and can be used by managers to identify and address shortfalls in care. Regular accreditation would support ongoing quality improvement (QI) in neonatal care and such a process could be applied to other aspects of care in health facilities.
Investigation of Co-Integration between Standard and Poor Index and Dow Jones Index in the New York Financial Market
Authors: Alawneh Ateyah 
Published: April 2018

The study investigates the co-integration between (the S&P 500 index)and (Dow Jones index) the DJIA by busing the method Engle-granger co-integration Test. The study use annual data from 1990 to 2016.The study examines the stability of the index of S&P 500 and DJIA using the E-views program through a unit root test. The study found that the indicators are unstable, but they become stable when taking the first difference. This condition integrates (the S&P 500 index) and (the DJIA index) during the long-term co-integration test. The analysis shows that there is a negative co-integration between the two variables. It should be emphasized that the short-term dynamic analysis showed a positive co-integration between both indexes. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to take into account the long-term negative co-integration between (the S&P 500 index) and (the DJIA index) by investors in the New York market. Also, the study considers short-term positive integration between (the S&P 500 index) and (DJIA index), which turns into a negative relationship in the long term when taking into account the markets linked with the New York market as a major global market and other international financial markets when making any financial investment. The result of this study could help users of major international financial markets in investment diversification to reduce risk.
A estratégia brasileira no Oriente Médio: uma visão histórica no século XX
Authors: Cid Mauro 
Published: April 2018

<p>Esse artigo busca apresentar a estratégia brasileira no Oriente Médio trabalhando com um arcabouço teórico básico relacionado ao histórico das Relações Internacionais do Brasil com os países do Oriente Médio. Para atingir o objetivo proposto será trabalhado as estratégias da Política Externa brasileira, tendo como marco temporal principal o período dos Governos Militares até os dias atuais. </p>
Energy and Food Demands, Drivers of Land Grab; A Case of Rufiji River Basin In Tanzania
Authors: Massay Godfrey Eliseus 
Published: April 2018

Land grabs has been a tendy phenomena in the last decade across the grobe with Africa and Asia being the hard hit regions. There has been many drivers that fueled land grabs including the crisses in the food, fuel and finance sector. Attempts has been made by scholars, activists and international communities to define what consitute “land grab” in the contenporay period. Informed by the framework definition of land grabs provided by International Land Coalition’s Tirana Declaration of 2012, this paper uses two cases of foreign land-based agricutural investments to prove the existence of land grabs in Tanzania. Broadly, the two cases are evidence of the global energy and food crises shaping the national and local politics of land governance. These national and local politics are manifested into land grabs dispossesing communities of their land. The paper urgues that there is direct link between the global and the national politics of land grabs. If further shows the role played and approaches used by social movements to resist land grabs.
You can’t fix what isn’t broken: eight weeks of exercise do not substantially change cognitive function and biochemical markers in young and healthy adults
Authors: Gourgouvelis Joanne , Yielder Paul , Clarke Sandra T. , Behbahani Hushyar , Murphy Bernadette 
Published: April 2018

Objective
The benefits of exercise on brain health is well known in aging and psychiatric populations. However, the relationship between habitual exercise in young and healthy adults remains unclear. This study explored the effects an eight-week exercise prescription on cognitive function, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cathepsin B (CTHB) in young and healthy adults.

Methods
A total of 22 low-active, young and healthy adults were recruited from a local university. A total of 12 participants performed an eight-week exercise prescription and 12 participants served as controls. Cognitive assessments, cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma BDNF and CTHB concentrations were measured at baseline and eight weeks.

Results
Results showed exercise improved cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.044, d = 1.48) with no improvements in cognitive function or no changes in plasma BDNF and CTHB concentrations.

Conclusion
We provide evidence that a short-term course of moderate exercise does not improve cognitive function or change plasma biochemical markers concentrations in young and healthy adults, despite mild improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. These results suggest that cognitive health may peak during early adulthood leaving little room for improvement throughout this period of the lifespan.
A multi‐omic study reveals BTG2 as a reliable prognostic marker for early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shen Sipeng , Zhang Ruyang , Guo Yichen , Loehrer Elizabeth , Wei Yongyue , Zhu Ying , Yuan Qianyu , Moran Sebastian , Fleischer Thomas , Bjaanæs Maria M. , Karlsson Anna , Planck Maria , Staaf Johan , Helland Åslaug , Esteller Manel , Su Li , Chen Feng , Christiani David C. 
Published: April 2018

B‐cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is a tumour suppressor protein known to be downregulated in several types of cancer. In this study, we investigated a potential role for BTG2 in early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival. We analysed BTG2 methylation data from 1230 early‐stage NSCLC patients from five international cohorts, as well as gene expression data from 3038 lung cancer cases from multiple cohorts. Three CpG probes (cg01798157, cg06373167, cg23371584) that detected BTG2 hypermethylation in tumour tissues were associated with lower overall survival. The prognostic model based on methylation could distinguish patient survival in the four cohorts [hazard ratio (HR) range, 1.51–2.21] and the independent validation set (HR = 1.85). In the expression analysis, BTG2 expression was positively correlated with survival in each cohort (HR range, 0.28–0.68), which we confirmed with meta‐analysis (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.54–0.68). The three CpG probes were all negatively correlated with BTG2 expression. Importantly, an integrative model of BTG2 methylation, expression and clinical information showed better predictive ability in the training set and validation set. In conclusion, the methylation and integrated prognostic signatures based on BTG2 are stable and reliable biomarkers for early‐stage NSCLC. They may have new applications for appropriate clinical adjuvant trials and personalized treatments in the future.
Cardiac responses to viewing facial emotion differentiate frontotemporal dementias
Authors: Marshall Charles R. , Hardy Christopher J. D. , Allen Micah , Russell Lucy L. , Clark Camilla N. , Bond Rebecca L. , Dick Katrina M. , Brotherhood Emilie V. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Kilner James M. , Warren Jason D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo establish proof‐of‐principle for the use of heart rate responses as objective measures of degraded emotional reactivity across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum, and to demonstrate specific relationships between cardiac autonomic responses and anatomical patterns of neurodegeneration.MethodsThirty‐two patients representing all major frontotemporal dementia syndromes and 19 healthy older controls performed an emotion recognition task, viewing dynamic, naturalistic videos of facial emotions while ECG was recorded. Cardiac reactivity was indexed as the increase in interbeat interval at the onset of facial emotions. Gray matter associations of emotional reactivity were assessed using voxel‐based morphometry of patients’ brain MR images.ResultsRelative to healthy controls, all patient groups had impaired emotion identification, whereas cardiac reactivity was attenuated in those groups with predominant fronto‐insular atrophy (behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and nonfluent primary progressive aphasia), but preserved in syndromes focused on the anterior temporal lobes (right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia). Impaired cardiac reactivity correlated with gray matter atrophy in a fronto‐cingulo‐insular network that overlapped correlates of cognitive emotion processing.InterpretationAutonomic indices of emotional reactivity dissociate from emotion categorization ability, stratifying frontotemporal dementia syndromes and showing promise as novel biomarkers. Attenuated cardiac responses to the emotions of others suggest a core pathophysiological mechanism for emotional blunting and degraded interpersonal reactivity in these diseases.
The impact of rituximab infusion protocol on the long‐term outcome in anti‐MuSK myasthenia gravis
Authors: Cortés‐Vicente Elena , Rojas‐Garcia Ricard , Díaz‐Manera Jordi , Querol Luis , Casasnovas Carlos , Guerrero‐Sola Antonio , Muñoz‐Blanco José Luis , Bárcena‐Llona José Eulalio , Márquez‐Infante Celedonio , Pardo Julio , Martínez‐Fernández Eva María , Usón Mercedes , Oliva‐Nacarino Pedro , Sevilla Teresa , Illa Isabel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the clinical benefit and relapse rates in anti‐muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK) myasthenia gravis (MG) differ depending on the protocol of rituximab followed.MethodsThis retrospective multicentre study in patients with MuSK MG compared three rituximab protocols in terms of clinical status, relapse, changes in treatment, and adverse side effects. The primary effectiveness endpoint was clinical relapse requiring a further infusion of rituximab. Survival curves were estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods and survival analyses were undertaken using Cox proportional‐hazards models.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were included: 11 treated with protocol 4 + 2 (375 mg/m2/4 weeks, then monthly for 2 months), five treated with protocol 1 + 1 (two 1 g doses 2 weeks apart), and nine treated with protocol 4 (375 mg/m2/4 weeks). Mean follow‐up was 5.0 years (SD 3.3). Relapse occurred in 18.2%, 80%, and 33.3%, and mean time to relapse was 3.5 (SD 1.5), 1.1 (SD 0.4), and 2.5 (SD 1.4) years, respectively. Based on Kaplan–Meier estimates, patients treated with protocol 4 + 2 had fewer and later relapses than patients treated with the other two protocols (log‐rank test P = 0.0001). Patients treated with protocol 1 + 1 had a higher risk of relapse than patients treated with protocol 4 + 2 (HR 112.8, 95% CI, 5.7–2250.4, P = 0.002). Patients treated with protocol 4 showed a trend to a higher risk of relapse than those treated with protocol 4 + 2 (HR 9.2, 95% CI 0.9–91.8, P = 0.059).InterpretationThis study provides class IV evidence that the 4 + 2 rituximab protocol has a lower clinical relapse rate and produces a more durable response than the 1 + 1 and 4 protocols in patients with MuSK MG.
History of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials: Prehistory, Art, Science, and Advanced Applications
Authors: Faustini Marco , Nicole Lionel , Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo , Sanchez Clément 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe rise of organic–inorganic hybrid materials in both academia and industry results from a convergence of diverse expertise and communities and is driven by the curiosity of open‐minded scientists. In this review article, a historical perception on the evolution of hybrid material science is described. The major periods associated with the genesis of hybrid materials are discussed: prebiotic hybrid chemistry, hybrid materials made through know‐how, the rise of silicates and silicon chemistry, modern hybrids: a mushrooming multidisciplinary field of research, and current applications of hybrid materials fully integrated in the society. Finally, the review presents an outlook that summarizes some future prospects related to hybrid materials.
Micro‐/Nanorobots at Work in Active Drug Delivery
Authors: Luo Ming , Feng Youzeng , Wang Tingwei , Guan Jianguo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAfter the tremendous advances over the past two decades, micro‐/nanorobots can effectively convert other forms of energy into propulsion and movement, as well as be navigated to targeted locations under physiological conditions and environments. They have been demonstrated to have the potential to load, transport, and deliver therapeutic payloads directly to disease sites, thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy and reducing systemic side effects of highly toxic drugs. In this feature article, the various propulsion modalities of micro‐/nanorobots ranging from chemical/biochemical reactions to external fields, and to motile microorganisms are summarized and commented in terms of driving forces required by the automotive motion in biological media, biocompatibility, as well as the corresponding advantages and limitations in terms of biomedical applications. Then, the latest developments of in vitro and in vivo active drug delivery based on micro‐/nanorobots are discussed in detail. The challenges and future prospects are also highlighted in the end. With ever booming research enthusiasm in this field and increasing multidisciplinary cooperation, micro‐/nanorobots with intelligence and multifunctions will emerge in the near future, which would have a profound impact on the treatment of diseases.
Light‐Guiding Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shabahang Soroush , Kim Seonghoon , Yun Seok‐Hyun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOptical techniques used in medical diagnosis, surgery, and therapy require efficient and flexible delivery of light from light sources to target tissues. While this need is currently fulfilled by glass and plastic optical fibers, recent emergence of biointegrated approaches, such as optogenetics and implanted devices, calls for novel waveguides with certain biophysical and biocompatible properties and desirable shapes beyond what the conventional optical fibers can offer. To this end, exploratory efforts have begun to harness various transparent biomaterials to develop waveguides that can serve existing applications better and enable new applications in future photomedicine. Here, the recent progress in this new area of research for developing biomaterial‐based optical waveguides is reviewed. It begins with a survey of biological light‐guiding structures found in plants and animals, a source of inspiration for biomaterial photonics engineering. The review then describes natural and synthetic polymers and hydrogels that offer appropriate optical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical flexibility have been exploited for light‐guiding applications. Finally, perspectives on biomedical applications that may benefit from the unique properties and functionalities of light‐guiding biomaterials are discussed briefly.
Swimming Microrobots: Soft, Reconfigurable, and Smart
Authors: Medina‐Sánchez Mariana , Magdanz Veronika , Guix Maria , Fomin Vladimir M. , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing materials with properties similar to those of cells and microorganisms together with innovative fabrication methods, soft and smart microrobots can be developed, with increased adaptability and flexibility toward in vivo applications. These tiny robots are designed to carry out difficult tasks such as noninvasive microsurgery, diagnosis and therapy in complex environments, including viscous media and intricate channels. Moreover, the novel property of the soft materials to respond to stimuli has paved the way for the creation of reconfigurable and smart microrobots with both actuation and function (e.g., sensing, drug delivery) capabilities. This feature article aims to give an overview of the different soft and smart swimming microrobots (less than 1 mm in all dimensions), highlighting some aspects of new materials, their development and the challenges in their processing to obtain highly functional microrobots.
Recombinant Spider Silk as Mediator for One‐Step, Chemical‐Free Surface Biofunctionalization
Authors: Horak Josef , Jansson Ronnie , Dev Apurba , Nilebäck Linnea , Behnam Kiarash , Linnros Jan , Hedhammar My , Karlström Amelie Eriksson 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA unique strategy for effective, versatile, and facile surface biofunctionalization employing a recombinant spider silk protein genetically functionalized with the antibody‐binding Z domain (Z‐4RepCT) is reported. It is demonstrated that Z‐silk can be applied to a variety of materials and platform designs as a truly one‐step and chemical‐free surface modification that site specifically captures antibodies while simultaneously reducing nonspecific adsorption. As a model surface, SiO2 is used to optimize and characterize Z‐silk performance compared to the Z domain immobilized by a standard silanization method. First, Z‐silk adsorption is investigated and verified its biofunctionality in a long‐term stability experiment. To assess the binding capacity and protein–protein interaction stability of Z‐silk, the coating is used to capture human antibodies in various assay formats. An eightfold higher binding capacity and 40‐fold lower detection limit are obtained in the immunofluorescence assay, and the complex stability of captured antibodies is shown to be improved by a factor of 20. Applicability of Z‐silk to functionalize microfluidic devices is demonstrated by antibody detection in an electrokinetic microcapillary biosensor. To test Z‐silk for biomarker applications, real‐time detection and quantification of human immunoglobulin G are performed in a plasma sample and C1q capture from human serum using an anti‐C1q antibody.