bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Cuker Adam , Arepally Gowthami M. , Chong Beng H. , Cines Douglas B. , Greinacher Andreas , Gruel Yves , Linkins Lori A. , Rodner Stephen B. , Selleng Sixten , Warkentin Theodore E. , Wex Ashleigh , Mustafa Reem A. , Morgan Rebecca L. , Santesso Nancy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn February 2022, these guidelines were reviewed by an expert work group convened by ASH. Review included limited searches for new evidence and discussion of the search results. Following this review, the ASH Committee on Quality agreed to continue monitoring the supporting evidence rather than revise or retire these guidelines at this time. Limited searches and expert review will be repeated annually going forward until these guidelines are revised or retired.
Abnormally elevated USP37 expression in breast cancer stem cells regulates stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cisplatin sensitivity
Authors: Qin Tao , Li Bai , Feng Xiaoyue , Fan Shujun , Liu Lei , Liu Dandan , Mao Jun , Lu Ying , Yang Jinfeng , Yu Xiaotang , Zhang Qingqing , Zhang Jun , Song Bo , Li Man , Li Lianhong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have indicated that deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are related to the stem-cell pathway network and chemo-resistance in cancer. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 37 (USP37), a novel DUB, was identified to be a potential factor associated with tumor progression. However, the biological functions of USP37 in breast cancer remain unclear.

Methods
The distribution of USP37 expression in breast cancer and the correlation between USP37 expression and the overall survival rate were detected by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to evaluate potential mechanism of USP37 in breast cancer. The USP37 expression in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Sorting of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were by using MACS assay. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to examine the biological functions of USP37 in breast cancer cells. MG132, CHX chase, immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to test the interaction between USP37 and Gli-1.

Results
Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that USP37 gene was elevated in breast cancer tissues and its overexpression was strongly correlated with the increased mortality rate. GSEA analysis showed that USP37 expression was positively associated with cell growth and metastasis while negatively related to cell apoptosis in the TCGA breast cancer samples. USP37 expression was elevated in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, we also detected that USP37 was overexpressed in BCSCs. USP37 regulated the ability of cell invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and cisplatin sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, USP37 knockdown inhibited tumorigenicity and increased anticancer effect of cisplatin in vivo. Knockdown of USP37 significantly decreased hedgehog (Hh) pathway components Smo and Gli-1. Gli-1 was stabilized by USP37 and they interacted with each other. Further studies indicated that USP37 knockdown could inhibit the stemness, cell invasion and EMT in breast cancer via downregulation of Hh pathway.

Conclusions
These findings reveal that USP37 is highly expressed in BCSCs and is correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. USP37 can regulate the stemness, cell invasion and EMT via Hh pathway, and decreased USP37 confers sensitivity to cisplatin in breast cancer cells. USP37 is required for the regulation of breast cancer progression, as well as a critical target for clinical treatment of breast cancer.
Improved region growing algorithm for the calibration of flaking deterioration in ancient temple murals
Authors: Cao Jianfang , Li Yanfei , Cui Hongyan , Zhang Qi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Ancient murals are vulnerable to varying degrees of damage due to long-term exposure to external environmental factors such as light, temperature and humidity. Enabling people to appreciate the original features of murals has become a concern for field experts. The development of computer technology makes it possible to use intelligent information processing to simulate and restore ancient murals. This paper proposes an improved region growing algorithm based on threshold segmentation to automatically calibrate the flaking-related deterioration of murals in response to erosion by taking temple murals from the Song Dynasty in Kaihua Temple as the study object. First, we analyze the color characteristics of the flaking area, mark the suspected flaking-damaged points by threshold segmentation, and use these points as seeds for the area growth and expansion of the flaking area. We then calculate the color mask. Next, in the YCbCr and HSV color spaces, the brightness, chroma, and saturation characteristics of the flaking area are analyzed. The masks for the brightness, chroma, and saturation of the flaking area are obtained by threshold segmentation, and all the feature masks are merged. Finally, the mask of the flaking area obtained by data fusion is added to the original image to calibrate the flaking deterioration. Compared with current calibration algorithms based on multiscale mural deterioration, the experimental results show that the average error and error standard deviation of the proposed calibration algorithm are 1.91 and 1.82, respectively, without noise and 1.97 and 1.85, respectively, with noise. The errors are reduced, and the calibration performance is improved and stable. This work provides a good foundation for the virtual and practical restoration of ancient murals.
A new inner-city specialist programme reduces readmission rates in frequently admitted patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Macritchie Karine , Mantingh Tim , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Bourne Sarah , Borthwick Emma , Young Allan H. 
Published: November 2018

Aims and methodThe OPTIMA mood disorders service is a newly established specialist programme for people with bipolar disorder requiring frequent admissions. This audit compared data on hospital admissions and home treatment team (HTT) spells in patients before entry to and after discharge from the core programme. We included patients admitted between April 2015 and March 2017 who were subsequently discharged. Basic demographic data and numbers of admissions and HTT spells three years before and after discharge were collected and analysed.ResultsThirty patients who completed the programme were included in the analyses. The median monthly rate of hospital admissions after OPTIMA was significantly reduced compared with the rate prior to the programme. HTT utilisation was numerically reduced, but this difference was not statistically significant.Clinical implicationsThese results highlight the effectiveness and importance of individually tailored, specialist care for patients with bipolar disorder following discharge from hospital.Declaration of interestNone.
Breast Cancer Research in the Caribbean: Analysis of Reports From 1975 to 2017
Authors: Ragin Camille , Banydeen Rishika , Zhang Christine , Ben Athena , Calabrese Victoria , Villa Nina N. , Reville Jade , Dasgupta Shaoni , Bandyopadhyay Mausumi , Louden Delroy , Dasgupta Subhajit 
Published: November 2018

Purpose Breast cancer is among the leading causes of death resulting from cancer in Caribbean women. Studies examining exogenous and genetically predetermined endogenous risk factors are critical to define breast cancer susceptibility in Caribbean women. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the existing scientific literature in the last 42 years (1975 to 2017) to describe the body of research generated for the population of this region and determine future research directions. Methods We selected published research articles using a combination of definite keyword searches in PubMed. Only articles presenting the Caribbean population as the focus of their research objectives were included in this analysis. Results Studies on breast cancer in the Caribbean are limited. A majority of publications on Caribbean populations were descriptive, focusing on cancer trends and clinicopathologic factors. High incidence and mortality rates for breast cancer are reported for the region, and there seem to be some differences between countries in the frequency of cases according to age at presentation. A limited number of epidemiologic, behavioral, and genetic and molecular studies were conducted in more recent years. Conclusion A regional strategy for cancer registration is needed for the Caribbean to address possible underestimates of breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, behavioral, molecular, genetic, and epidemiologic investigations of breast cancer are critical to address the concerns related to currently described high incidence and mortality rates in the Caribbean.
Mendelian segregation of leaf phenotypes in experimental F2hybrids elucidates origin of morphological diversity of the apomicticRanunculus auricomuscomplex
Authors: Hodač Ladislav , Barke Birthe H. , Hörandl Elvira 
Published: November 2018

AbstractApomictic plant complexes exhibit a stunning morphological diversity. TheRanunculus auricomuscomplex with more than 800 morphologically recognized asexual species and just 4 known sexual species is a model group to study origins of high morphological diversity in asexually reproducing lineages. During the Pleistocene, the sexuals of theR. auricomuscomplex diverged in Central Europe into two morphological groups of contrasting basal leaf phenotypes, the undivided forms represented by diploidR. carpaticolaand the deeply divided forms represented by diploidR. notabilis. An experimental interspecific crossing ofR. carpaticola×R. notabilisrevealed an extensive phenotypic diversity of the sexually formed F2hybrid generation. We hypothesize that apomictic species of the EuropeanR. auricomuscomplex might have established from hybrid derivatives ofcarpaticola‐andnotabilis‐like sexual ancestors. Here we investigate segregation of F2basal leaf phenotypes from experimentalR. carpaticola×R. notabiliscrosses. We tested the hypothesis whether F2hybrid leaf phenotypes segregate in a Mendelian manner and whether any segregant phenotypes matchR. variabilis, an apomictic species and natural hybrid derivative ofR. notabilis. Using landmark‐based geometric morphometrics of basal leaves, we recognized two major morphological clusters within theR. carpaticola×R. notabilisF2hybrid population. Thecarpaticola‐like morphological cluster included undivided or less‐divided leaf phenotypes without lateral sinuses and thenotabilis‐like morphological cluster contained deeply divided leaf phenotypes with 1–2 lateral sinuses. The overall ratio of the both morphological clusters within the F2hybrid population was approximately 1 : 1, suggesting Mendelian inheritance and partial dominance of the allele for the divided leaf phenotype. The morphological cluster of divided leaf phenotypes included 11% of F2individuals with a higher similarity to the apomictic speciesR. variabilisthan to the parental sexuals. Thevariabilis‐like F2segregant phenotypes often resulted from F1 crosses ofcarpaticola‐like mother plants withnotabilis‐like pollen donors; such crossing lines reached the highest morphological disparity. Equivalent hybridizations in nature followed by Mendelian segregation of phenotypes, which became later on fixed via the shift to apomictic reproduction, might have established the extant diversity of apomictic complexes. Microsatellite genotyping with six SSR loci revealed no correlation of genetic and phenotypic variation. We conclude that former “morpho‐groups” or “main species” based on phenotypic similarity only are unsuitable units for taxonomic classification.
Sexual intraspecific recombination but not de novo origin governs the genesis of new apomictic genotypes in Potentilla puberula (Rosaceae)
Authors: Nardi Flavia Domizia , Dobeš Christoph , Müller Dorothee , Grasegger Tobias , Myllynen Tuuli , Alonso-Marcos Henar , Tribsch Andreas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractApomixis – asexual reproduction via seeds – might arise de novo following polyploidisation events, or via reproductive transfer of apomixis. Both processes can be obtained within species or via hybridisation. We aimed to determine the origin of apomictic genotypes in Potentilla puberula, a rosaceous species showing reproductive differentiation with ploidy: sexual tetraploids and apomictic pentato octoploids, which regularly co‐occur in sympatry. The study is based on 726 individuals, comprising all cytotypes, collected from 138 populations in the Eastern European Alps. We established relationships of cytotypes based on AFLP fingerprinting and cpDNA sequencing to test (1) whether the apomicts are of recurrent allopolyploid origin or originated from within the species via autopolyploidy, and (2) whether there are indications for reproductive transfer versus de novo origin of apomixis. Three principal pathways were identified which explain the origin of new apomictic genotypes, all involving at least one apomictic parent and thus compatible with the idea of reproductive transfer of the apomictic trait to the progeny: (1) self‐fertilisation of unreduced egg cells in apomicts; (2) cross‐fertilisation among apomicts; and (3) occasionally, heteroploid crosses among sexuals and apomicts. Autopolyploids derived from tetraploid sexuals were repeatedly observed, but did not express apomixis. Finally, our results suggest no role of other species in the origin of extant apomictic genotypes of P. puberula, although local hybrids with P. crantzii were identified. In conclusion, our results show that the formation of new apomictic genotypes required a genetic contribution from at least one apomictic parent. This finding is in accordance with the idea that apomixis is inheritable in P. puberula. On the contrary, lack of apomixis in penta‐ and hexaploids derived from sexual backgrounds did not support the hypothesis of a de novo origin of apomixis. Relatively high frequency of remnant sexuality in the apomicts involving different cytological pathways of seed formation can explain their high cytological and genotypic diversity. Finally, lack of global introgression from a third taxon is in support of P. puberula as a concise, although highly diverse, species.
Pollen precedence in sexual Potentilla puberula and its role as a protective reproductive barrier against apomictic cytotypes
Authors: Alonso-Marcos Henar , Hülber Karl , Myllynen Tuuli , Pérez Rodríguez Patricia , Dobeš Christoph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCross‐pollination is a major factor determining the demographic dynamics of mixed‐ploidy populations. Typically, rare cytotypes are suppressed due to reduced female fertility by losing gametes in heteroploid crosses (i.e., through minority cytotype exclusion). In species with reproductive differentiation into sexual and apomictic cytotypes, sexuals might be reproductively suppressed by apomicts (or transformed due to introgression of apomixis genes). Pollen precedence potentially acts as a post‐pollination pre‐fertilization barrier protecting sexuals against their apomictic counterparts. We estimated the role of pollen precedence as a barrier against cross‐fertilization of tetraploid sexuals by penta‐ and heptaploid gametophytic apomicts in Potentilla puberula (Rosaceae) by means of controlled crosses, and inference of the paternity through DNA ploidy estimation of embryos. Individuals from five regions spanning an elevational and biogeographic gradient were used to account for the variation in the relative frequencies of reproductive modes across the study area. We tested (1) whether the application of heteroploid pollen (sexual × apomictic) causes a reduction of seed yield compared to homoploid crosses (sexual × sexual), and (2) if so, whether pollen precedence recovers the seed yield in simultaneous applications of pollen from sexuals and apomicts (mixed‐ploidy). Seed yield was significantly lower in heterothan in homoploid crosses. We found clear evidence for precedence of homoploid pollen, despite a 13% to 15% of embryos experienced a change in ploidy due to heteroploid fertilizations. Thus, our study indicates that pollen precedence operates as a barrier against intercytotype fertilization in P. puberula, promoting the integrity of the sexual cytotype and their co‐existence with apomictic individuals.
How Price Dispersion Changes When Upgrades Are Introduced: Theory and Empirical Evidence from the Airline Industry
Authors: Cui Yao , Orhun A. Yeşim , Duenyas Izak 
Published: November 2018

This paper studies the effect of introducing a new vertical differentiation strategy, paying for an upgrade to a premium product after purchasing the base product, on the price dispersion of the base product arising from existing price discrimination strategies. In particular, we examine how a major U.S. airline’s price dispersion in the coach cabin changes after introducing the option to upgrade to a new type of premium economy seating within the coach cabin. We first provide a theoretical analysis that highlights two competing pressures that the new premium economy seating upgrades created on coach class prices. On the one hand, the airline benefits from lowering its prices because by allowing more customers to purchase in the first place, it increases the probability of selling upgrades (admission effect). On the other hand, for some customers, the value of flying with the airline increases because of the upgrade availability, therefore the airline may find it optimal to increase its prices (valuation effect). In the second part of the paper, we conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of upgrade introduction on coach class prices, based on a proprietary transaction-level data set from a major U.S. airline company. The empirical analysis tests the main predictions of our theoretical model and examines further nuances. The results show that the introduction of the premium economy seating upgrades is associated with an increase in the price dispersion and revenues in the coach class, the admission effect is stronger than the valuation effect on the low end of the price distribution, and the opposite is true on the high end of the price distribution. Finally, we discuss implications of our results for firm revenues and consumer welfare. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Fernando Birri: cine-poesía
Authors: Franzoso Marco 
Published: November 2018

Un hombre, Birri, cuya obra maestra es, sin duda alguna, su propia vida y cuya preocupación principal fue la de seguir (r)evolucionando: «una revolución que no revoluciona permanentemente sus lenguajes, alfabetos, gestos, miradas, involuciona o muere» (Ibíd.: 235), escribió.
Humanista contemporáneo, puso su arte al servicio del hombre: la cámara fue ojo, el micrófono oído y las palabras cerebro. «Cada error en la interpretación del hombre, comporta un error en la interpretación del mundo» se lee en su manifiesto Por un Nuevo Nuevo Cine latinoamericano (Ibíd.: 236).
En estas pocas páginas trataremos de tejer unas líneas para leer la vida-obra de Fernando Birri, focalizando la atención en la relación fundante entre cine y poesía.
Mägde, Migration und Mutterschaft
Authors: Richarz Monika 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article casts light on the situation of the 18th century Jewish underclass by using the example of maid servants. Serving as a maid was the most widespread occupation for Jewish women in the early modern era. Forced to migrate and to live unmarried in the house of a Schutzjude (Jew living under the protection of the authorities), maids were subjected to two rigid legal systems: the local Jewish law and the general law for menials that also applied to Christian servants. Because their families were often too poor to give them a dowry or to acquire authority protection, their chances of marriage were limited. And yet, Jewish maids had the highest number of illegitimate children, often fathered by middle-class Jews. Maids who became pregnant out of wedlock were branded as whores and dismissed. The councils of Jewish parishes were constantly involved in conflicts between parish members and migrant servants. Many maid servants tried to improve their difficult social situation by leaving Judaism.
Per scientiam ad iustitiam? Werk und Wirkung von Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935)
Authors: Mildenberger Florian G. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Magnus Hirschfeld was the trailblazer of modern sexology and he defined homosexuality as a variation in western sexual life - and no longer as a perversion or vice. Moreover, he campaigned for sexual liberation with petitions to the parliament, leaflets and even movies. He popularized terms that are still in use, such as »transsexualism« or »homosexuality«. But he also became an admirer of sexual eugenics. Lastly, he never achieved the decriminalization of homosexual desire and he also died without any successors. Throughout his life he saw himself as a German citizen. His Jewish background was more relevant to his enemies than to himself.
Mit den Schlittschuhen im Gepäck nach Lima
Authors: Kotowski Elke-Vera 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The knowledge and tradition manifested especially in objects salvaged by refugees fleeing Germany after 1933 are not only reminders of the former homeland in exile, they also reflect it one-to-one (this is particularly apparent in the living and eating culture). These objects therefore become bearers of the old world’s cultural traditions.
How pinyin tone formats and character orthography influence Chinese learners’ tone acquisition
Authors: Chang Yufen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn L2 Chinese vocabulary instruction, the most conventional method of teaching is to present the new character, its English translation, and pinyin as a pronunciation guide to the segmental and tonal information. In this study focusing on tone formats and the presence of a phonetic radical, we investigated how these two aspects could impact tone acquisition. In the experiment, L2 Chinese participants of three proficiency levels learned 24 unfamiliar words, passed a criterion test with 90 % correctness, and completed a tone perception and production task. The results showed that the learners perceived and produced tones significantly better when characters were shown with tone diacritics and when the phonetic radical was reliable. The presence of pinyin with tone number did not facilitate tone acquisition more than the condition where pinyin was unavailable. The learners’ proficiency levels, only affecting the number of learning sessions required to pass the criterion test, did not correlate with their tone performance.
“My Story Bursts Forth…”: Re-visioning Female Subjecthood in Gendered Folktales in Northern Ghana
Authors: Yitah Helen 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz untersucht die Praxis gegenwärtigen Wiedererzählens von ghanaischen (Kasem) Volkserzählungen, die sich kritisch mit sozialen Rollen- und kulturellen Wertvorstellungen in den traditionellen Versionen auseinandersetzen. In den überlieferten Versionen werden übersinnliche Mächte angerufen, um Frauen zu bestrafen, die zu selbstständig handeln; damit wird weibliche Identität streng reguliert und begrenzt. In den neuen Versionen wenden die weiblichen Protagonistinnen das Prinzip des nantandia an, ein lokaler Kasem-Begriff, der Intelligenz, Initiative und Mut beinhaltet, und damit gleichzeitig den Einfluss der übersinnlichen Mächte beschneidet und die weibliche Individualität und Handlungsfähigkeit bestärkt.