bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le modèle socioculturel du hammam et de son environnement
Authors: Dumreicher Heidi , Kolb Bettina 
Published: March 2018

L’étude montre l’usage social et l’importance du hammam et de ses environs. Il est devenu évident : le hammam n’est pas seulement un espace avec ses caractéristiques architecturales, mais un microcosme social avec ses propres modes de vie, y compris les normes, les valeurs et les règles sociales qui sont typiques pour cette institution. Avec la méthode empirique de la photo interview, méthode qualitative de sociologie visuelle, nous avons abordé la perspective de la vie quotidienne de chaque étude de cas du hammam, y compris le sens de la communauté pour les résidents locaux. Il est devenu évident que tous les cas étudiés devraient être maintenus en tant qu’institution de vie. Ils ont besoin d’entretien, mais aussi des changements. De nouveaux services, de nouvelles normes sont à venir dans le monde entier, et le hammam doit s’ajuster à ces nouveautés afin de remplir son rôle dans la société contemporaine. Comme une partie du corps, le hammam est fortement interconnecté avec l’interprétation culturelle du corps, le support d’une mémoire collective, et la compréhension culturelle commune.
Les hammams : espaces controversés
Authors: Prokop Bettina 
Published: March 2018

Bettina Prokop propose dans son article intitulé « Les hammams : des espaces controversés » de questionner les sens structurés autour de l’institution hammam et de son voisinage dans les villes de Damas, Ankara, Fès et le Caire. Elle fait appel, à partir d’une approche anthropologique du genre, à la théorie postcoloniale pour mettre en exergue les faits culturels représentés dans les discours et les pratiques. Si les hammams, selon l’auteure, sont plutôt vus comme des espaces à multiples significations, cette conclusion ne peut pas négliger des relations de pouvoir entre les différents acteurs. La diversité des fonctions des hammams ainsi celle des métiers au sein de cette structure renforce la dimension culturelle de l’analyse
Un bain à coupoles dans une demeure algéroise de l’époque ottomane
Authors: Drioueche Djaalali Nadjiba 
Published: March 2018

Bâtie durant le règne ottoman, la ville d’Alger a connu durant le XVIIe siècle, une grande expansion, engendrant une stabilité économique. La prospérité d’El-Djezaïr, reconnue à travers le bassin méditerranéen, s’est répercutée directement sur l’évolution urbaine de la ville. Nous assistons à la construction de plusieurs édifices monumentaux, dont les grandes demeures palatiales. Leur architecture développe des caractéristiques spatiales, esthétiques et constructives spécifiques avec des éléments communs. Ces palais regroupent tous sur l’une de leurs ailes les espaces d’eau, dont un bain privé, des lieux de détente, de repos et d’ablution : ce sont des espaces hiérarchisés.Cet article vise la restitution des espaces constituant le bain privé d’un palais algérois « Dar Aziza Bey ». Les pièces de ce bain ont subi des transformations très importantes durant le XIXe siècle. Nous nous appuierons essentiellement sur les résultats de fouilles archéologiques effectuées en 1999, ainsi que sur les relevés métriques du bain de ce palais.
Vers une transition énergétique citoyenne
Authors: Bally Frédéric 
Published: March 2018

Auparavant simple matière permettant le progrès, l'énergie a acquis aujourd'hui un statut social autonome : elle fait l'objet d'une révolution symbolique et épistémologique. Elle devient l'enjeu d'innovation sociale, aussi bien pour l'attractivité des territoires comme pour les entreprises. À ce titre, les acteurs ordinaires mettent en œuvre des initiatives de formes diverses, proposant par là une définition citoyenne de la transition énergétique et du développement durable. Porteuses de changement face à la métamorphose nécessaire de la société, ces initiatives citoyennes se multiplient, s'inventent et prennent silencieusement place sur les territoires. Au travers de cette contribution, nous nous attacherons à montrer la manière dont ces initiatives témoignent d'une réappropriation citoyenne des questions énergétiques en renouvelant une approche bottom-up.
Nouvelles énergies, nouveaux paysages. L'essor éolien et photovoltaïque en Espagne
Authors: Luque Daniel Herrero 
Published: March 2018

De toutes les nouvelles formes d'exploitation du territoire, les énergies renouvelables sont parmi les plus polémiques et contestées dans le milieu rural méditerranéen. Le cas espagnol est caractérisé par l'intensité et la rapidité du processus d'implantation de systèmes d'énergie renouvelable. Les logiques territoriales des énergies éolienne et photovoltaïque en Espagne ont mis en évidence les formes abusives d'occupation de l'espace et de la transformation du territoire et du paysage. Deux sources renouvelables, deux logiques territoriales distinctes, tellement différentes qu'elles apparaissent rarement combinées. Le caractère « d'alternative » face à la crise agricole explique la diffusion de la production électrique d'origine renouvelable dans le milieu rural et la transformation du paysage.
Être femme, être double. L’apport de l’écriture de soi
Authors: Lacoue-Labarthe Isabelle 
Published: March 2018

Être femme, sur tous les plans de la vie publique, revient à devoir, littéralement, se dédoubler. C’est l’apport de l’écriture de soi à la reconstruction d’une cohérence que cet article souhaite interroger, sur la base volontairement hétérogène d’une comparaison de l’incomparable : des écrits personnels de femmes juives venues en Palestine à partir des années 1880 ; des écrits personnels d’historiens et d’historiennes français produits à partir des années 1980 ; des journaux et correspondance de femmes artistes ayant vécu en France au tournant du xixe et du xxe siècle. Comment, au-delà des différences contextuelles, l’écriture de soi devient-elle le lieu possible d’une unité et d’une réappropriation de l’identité double, voire multiple, hors des regards simplificateurs ?
Panem et circenses
Authors: Bransbourg Gilles 
Published: March 2018

À la fin de la République, Rome devient la plus grande mégapole de la Méditerranée antique. Contrairement à Alexandrie, elle ne s’appuie pas sur un hinterland favorable. Assurer son ravitaillement devient alors le principal défi logistique que doit relever le pouvoir romain. La prise de contrôle par Rome de l’ensemble des zones de production céréalière de la Méditerranée lui permet en théorie de disposer de marges de manœuvre, une fois le développement d’une flotte et de facilités portuaires adaptées réalisé au 1er siècle de notre ère. Que devient alors ce blé excédentaire ? Les sources sur ce sujet demeurent très parcellaires, et c’est à travers le recoupement d’indices séparés chronologiquement et géographiquement que les effets de levier politiques et financiers dont profitent les autorités apparaissent petit à petit. Les pratiques varient dans le temps et l’espace, le public côtoyant le privé, mais le pragmatisme du pouvoir romain ne se dément jamais.
Les produits de la course ou l’économie de la récupération à Toulon pendant la guerre d’Indépendance américaine (1778-1782)
Authors: Buti Gilbert 
Published: March 2018

Les retombées économiques de la course ne se limitent pas à l’activité liée aux armements et aux bénéfices des principaux acteurs. Si des marchandises ont été furtivement débarquées avant l’arrivée au port de prise d’autres y sont déchargées afin d’y être vendues aux enchères. Leurs ventes, en rien illicites, se situent « à la marge du marché ». Elles obéissent à des règles particulières, se produisent selon une périodicité dictée par la conjoncture militaire, fournissent des produits inattendus et constituent un marché marginal qui attire une clientèle très mêlée. Cette redistribution s’inscrit dans l’économie de la récupération et participe à une économie informelle difficile à atteindre dans les sources. Le cas de Toulon, port qui a été au xviiie siècle une base d’armement en course, est privilégié.
Lysosome-Mediated Plasma Membrane Repair Is Dependent on the Small GTPase Arl8b and Determines Cell Death Type in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Michelet Xavier , Tuli Amit , Gan Huixian , Geadas Carolina , Sharma Mahak , Remold Heinz G. , Brenner Michael B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an extremely successful pathogen, and its success is widely attributed to its ability to manipulate the intracellular environment of macrophages. A central phenomenon of tuberculosis pathology enabling immune evasion is the capacity of virulent M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) to induce macrophage necrosis, which facilitates the escape of the mycobacteria from the macrophage and spread of infection. In contrast, avirulent M. tuberculosis (H37Ra) induces macrophage apoptosis, which permits Ag presentation and activation of adaptive immunity. Previously, we found that H37Rv induces plasma membrane microdisruptions, leading to necrosis in the absence of plasma membrane repair. In contrast, H37Ra permits plasma membrane repair, which changes the host cell death modality to apoptosis, suggesting that membrane repair is critical for sequestering the pathogen in apoptotic vesicles. However, mechanisms of plasma membrane repair induced in response to M. tuberculosis infection remain unknown. Plasma membrane repair is known to induce a Ca2+-mediated signaling, which recruits lysosomes to the area of damaged plasma membrane sites for its resealing. In this study, we found that the small GTPase Arl8b is required for plasma membrane repair by controlling the exocytosis of lysosomes in cell lines and in human primary macrophages. Importantly, we found that the Arl8b secretion pathway is crucial to control the type of cell death of the M. tuberculosis–infected macrophages. Indeed, Arl8b-depleted macrophages infected with avirulent H37Ra undergo necrotic instead of apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that membrane repair mediated by Arl8b may be an important mechanism distinguishing avirulent from virulent M. tuberculosis–induced necrotic cell death.
Elastin Shapes Small Molecule Distribution in Lymph Node Conduits
Authors: Lin Yujia , Louie Dante , Ganguly Anutosh , Wu Dequan , Huang Peng , Liao Shan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The spatial and temporal Ag distribution determines the subsequent T cell and B cell activation at the distinct anatomical locations in the lymph node (LN). It is well known that LN conduits facilitate small Ag distribution in the LN, but the mechanism of how Ags travel along LN conduits remains poorly understood. In C57BL/6J mice, using FITC as a fluorescent tracer to study lymph distribution in the LN, we found that FITC preferentially colocalized with LN capsule–associated (LNC) conduits. Images generated using a transmission electron microscope showed that LNC conduits are composed of solid collagen fibers and are wrapped with fibroblastic cells. Superresolution images revealed that high-intensity FITC is typically colocalized with elastin fibers inside the LNC conduits. Whereas tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate appears to enter LNC conduits as effectively as FITC, fluorescently-labeled Alexa-555–conjugated OVA labels significantly fewer LNC conduits. Importantly, injection of Alexa-555–conjugated OVA with LPS substantially increases OVA distribution along elastin fibers in LNC conduits, indicating immune stimulation is required for effective OVA traveling along elastin in LN conduits. Finally, elastin fibers preferentially surround lymphatic vessels in the skin and likely guide fluid flow to the lymphatic vessels. Our studies demonstrate that fluid or small molecules are preferentially colocalized with elastin fibers. Although the exact mechanism of how elastin fibers regulate Ag trafficking remains to be explored, our results suggest that elastin can be a potentially new target to direct Ag distribution in the LN during vaccine design.
Comparing the diagnostic efficacy of full field digital mammography with digital breast tomosynthesis using BIRADS score in a tertiary cancer care hospital
Authors: Singla Divya , Chaturvedi Arvind K. , Aggarwal Abhinav , Rao S. A. , Hazarika Dibyamohan , Mahawar Vivek 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroduction: Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers in females worldwide, and its incidence has been rising at an exponential pace in the last 10 years even in India. Mammography has been the mainstay for detection of breast cancer over decades and has gradually advanced from screen film to full-field digital mammography. Recently, tomosynthesis has evolved as an advanced imaging investigation for early diagnosis of breast lesions in both diagnostic and screening settings. Aim of Study: To compare and evaluate the impact of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) compared to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in the interpretation of BIRADS score in both diagnostic and screening settings. Settings and Design: A 1-year prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Radio-diagnosis in our institute using Hologic Selenia Dimensions for mammography as well as tomosynthesis. Materials and Methods: One hundred women known or suspected (opportunistic screening) for breast cancer were evaluated either with FFDM alone or both FFDM and DBT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and P value were used to assess the various diagnostic criteria in our study. Results: Addition of DBT to FFDM results in a statistically significant increase in the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, and a statistically significant decrease in the false positive rates. Similar results were noted in both diagnostic and screening cases. It was observed that, in most cases, i.e. a total of 47, DBT did not change the BIRADS scoring; however, its addition increased the diagnostic confidence. BIRADS was upgraded and downgraded in 14 and 31 cases, respectively, with the addition of DBT to FFDM. New lesions were seen with addition of DBT to FFDM in 8 cases. Conclusion: Addition of DBT to FFDM results in increase in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and a statistically significant decrease in false positive rates in both diagnostic and screening cases. As addition of tomosynthesis results in a significant decrease in recall rate, it should be added, at least, in all screening mammography programs.
Hernia uteri inguinalis in ovotesticular disorder of sexual differentiation: A rare complication and role of imaging
Authors: Ponnatapura Janardhana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNeonate with ambiguous genitalia can cause great apprehension for the family as well as for healthcare providers. We report a rare complication of delayed diagnosis of hernia uteri inguinalis in ovotesticular disorder of sexual differentiation (DSD) in 20-year-old male patient who presented with pain and swelling in left inguinal region since 1 month. He had a past surgical history of repair of hypospadias 10 years back. On imaging, the left inguinal hernia sac contained nonfunctioning uterus and one ovary in the left scrotal sac and one testis in the right scrotal sac. Further investigation confirmed genotypically female (46XX) with negative sex determining region-Y gene on fluorescence in situ hybridization. The patient was given psychiatric counseling and wished to remain as male. The left inguinal hernia was repaired with excision of nonfunctioning uterus, ovary, and fallopian tube. Hernia uteri inguinalis is rare complication seen in DSD with only three cases being reported worldwide thus far, including our case.
Can MRI diffusion-weighted imaging identify postoperative residual/recurrent soft-tissue sarcomas?
Authors: ElDaly Mai Maher , Moustafa Amr Farouk Ibrahim , Abdel-Meguid Suzan Mohamed Samy , Shokry Ahmed Mohamed , Wahab Nagui Abd El 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) and quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping in the detection of recurrent/residual postoperative soft tissue sarcomas. Materials and Methods: This study included 36 patients; 27 patients had postoperative recurrent/residual soft tissue sarcomas and 9 patients had postoperative and treatment-related changes (inflammation/fibrosis). The DWI was obtained with 3 b values including 0, 400, and 800 s/mm2. Calculation of the ADC value of the lesion was done via placing the region of interest (ROI) to include the largest area of the lesion. ADC values were compared to histopathology. Results: Our results showed that including CE-MRI improved the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity in recurrence detection compared to conventional non-enhanced sequences. However, it showed low specificity (55.56%) with a high false-positive rate that may lead to an unnecessary biopsy of a mass such as region of postoperative scar tissue. Conclusion: The joint use of gadolinium-enhanced MRI and quantitative DWI with ADC mapping offer added value in the detection of recurrent/residual postoperative soft tissue sarcoma. This combined use increased both the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity with a cut-off average ADC value for detecting nonmyxoid recurrent/residual lesions ≤1.3 × 10−3 mm2/s (100% specificity and 90.48% sensitivity). Our results showed limited value of DWI with ADC mapping in assessing myxoid sarcomatous tumor recurrences.
Emphysematous osteomyelitis: Report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Khanduri Sachin , Singh Meenu , Goyal Aakshit , Singh Simran 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEmphysematous osteomyelitis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of intraosseous gas. A prompt diagnosis is required for this disease to expedite management as it is a potentially fatal condition. Many comorbidities, such as malignancy, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, Crohn’s disease, and other etiologies causing immunosuppression, predispose to this condition. The causative organisms are generally anaerobes or members of Enterobacteriaceae family; however, the infection can be mono or polymicrobial. We report two cases affected with emphysematous osteomyelitis due to varied underlying comorbidities. The purpose of this study is to (a) emphasize the importance of computed tomography in diagnosing emphysematous osteomyelitis and (b) to highlight an unusual location of this rare pathology.
Gangrenous cholecystitis: Analysis of imaging findings in histopathologically confirmed cases
Authors: Sureka Binit , Rastogi Archana , Mukund Amar , Thapar Shalini , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Chattopadhyay Tushar Kanti 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: To study the imaging findings in gangrenous acute cholecystitis. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of imaging findings in 31 histopathologically confirmed cases of gangrenous cholecystitis was done. The following imaging findings were analyzed: wall thickness, gallbladder distension, intraluminal membranes, mural striation, edema, wall enhancement, gallstones, gas, pericholecystic fluid, stranding, hemorrhage, hyperaemia in adjacent liver, mucosal/wall irregularity, complications. Statistical Analysis: Appropriate statistical tests were used using SPSS.22.0 software. The two proportions were compared using Chi-square or Fisher exact test and two means were compared using student t test. Results: Mean gallbladder wall thickening was 6 ± 1.93 mm. Gallstones, mural edema, mural striation, pericholecystic fluid, intraluminal membranes, gas were seen in 30, 27, 18, 20, 14 and 3 cases respectively. The mean short-axis distension of gallbladder lumen was 4.24 ± 0.91 cm. Gallbladder wall enhancement was studied in only 10 cases. Complete absence of enhancement was seen in 1, focal decreased enhancement in 8 cases. Mucosal/wall irregularity was seen in 28 cases. 74.2% cases had ≥4 cm gallbladder distension. Intraluminal membranes were present in 14 cases with mean short-axis distension of 4.6 cm and absent in 17 (P = 0.041), in 11 cases with mural striation (P = 0.036). Mean wall thickening was 6.69mm in patients with intraluminal membranes and 5.46 mm with absence of membranes (P = .078). Conclusion: Presence of more than one of these findings - gallbladder distension (short axis diameter of ≥4 cm), intraluminal membranes, mural striation, absent or decreased enhancement of gallbladder wall suggest high probability of gangrenous change in acute cholecystitis.
The effect of ethnic diversity on income – an empirical investigation using survey data from a postconflict environment
Authors: Efendic Adnan , Pugh Geoff 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This empirical study is based on nationally representative cross-sectional survey data gathered to investigate the effect of ethnic diversity on personal and family incomes in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), a post-conflict society. The 1992–1995 conflict was harmful for ethnic diversity. Yet, two decades later, where it still exists, ethnic diversity gives rise to positive economic consequences. After controlling for other influences, the authors find lower probabilities of respondents in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods being in the lowest income categories but higher probabilities of being in medium and higher income categories. The largest effects are the reduced probabilities of respondents reporting no income, and are thus particularly relevant to poverty reduction. At the limit, their estimates imply an income gap of more than 20 per cent between a counter-factual completely heterogenous environment and a counter-factual completely homogenous environment. Policy makers in this post-conflict country, and in similar environments elsewhere, should take into consideration the economic costs of policies supporting ethnic homogeneity over diversity.
Ozone pollution around a coastal region of South China Sea: interaction between marine and continental air
Authors: Wang Hao , Lyu Xiaopu , Guo Hai , Wang Yu , Zou Shichun , Ling Zhenhao , Wang Xinming , Jiang Fei , Zeren Yangzong , Pan Wenzhuo , Huang Xiaobo , Shen Jin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Marine atmosphere is usually considered to be a clean environment, but this study indicates that the near-coast waters of the South China Sea (SCS) suffer from even worse air quality than coastal cities. The analyses were based on concurrent field measurements of target air pollutants and meteorological parameters conducted at a suburban site (Tung Chung, TC) and a nearby marine site (Wan Shan, WS) from August to November 2013. The observations showed that the levels of primary air pollutants were significantly lower at WS than those at TC, while the ozone (O3) value was greater at WS. Higher O3 levels at WS were attributed to the weaker NO titration and higher O3 production rate because of stronger oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. However, O3 episodes were concurrently observed at both sites under certain meteorological conditions, such as tropical cyclones, continental anticyclones and sea–land breezes (SLBs). Driven by these synoptic systems and mesoscale recirculations, the interaction between continental and marine air masses profoundly changed the atmospheric composition and subsequently influenced the formation and redistribution of O3 in the coastal areas. When continental air intruded into marine atmosphere, the O3 pollution was magnified over the SCS, and the elevated O3 ( >  100 ppbv) could overspread the sea boundary layer  ∼  8 times the area of Hong Kong. In some cases, the exaggerated O3 pollution over the SCS was recirculated to the coastal inshore by sea breeze, leading to aggravated O3 pollution in coastal cities. The findings are applicable to similar mesoscale environments around the world where the maritime atmosphere is potentially influenced by severe continental air pollution.