bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chord Language:Chord Painting Legend
Authors: LI Xiaohong 
Published: August 2019

Is there a unified natural principle or theory of all things behind the natural phenomena that are observed in different disciplines and scattered? Or: Has humanity observed a super-disciplinary, universal law of universality? The chord language phenomenon has this feature.
The chord language exists in the disciplines of music, painting, and meridian (the theory of oriental ancient medicine), and is used for semantic expressions such as time, space, life, and spirit. The basic form is: quantized discrete spectrum, open string, closed string, non-linear string and other chord semantics, which is a repeatable observation fact - chord language, quantum theory, string theory is an isomorphic system?
Music and painting are chord language phenomena, with chord language characteristics of spectral forms: chords, tones, scales, etc., expressed separately: time and space, mathematical mutual: reverse-mirror relationship - music, painting language, but also physical, mathematical form, which is a problem for science, philosophy.
Chord language is not only a spiritual phenomenon (music, painting), but also a physical phenomenon (discrete spectrum, string), observing chord language events, such as: music, painting, etc. - also observing physical events, it has spiritual-natural isomorphism, This is its philosophical significance: there is a certain natural principle and law between spirit and nature.
The chord language is an ancient knowledge system. Its mathematical model can be traced back to the ancient Greek Pythagorean temperament. Through the gradual improvement of musicians of the past, the chord space semantics can be observed in the painting: open string, closed string, non-line Strings, Meridian (Oriental Ancient Medicine) observe the positive-negative (yin-yang) rules of chord language, which form the basis of observation of chord language and are verifiable facts.
KEWENANGAN MENGADILI OLEH BAWASLU ATAS SENGKETA PROSES PEMILU YANG DIATUR DALAM PERATURAN KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM (STUDI ATAS PUTUSAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PROSES PEMILU BAWASLU PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA NOMOR 004/REG.LG/DPRD/12.00/VIII/2018)
Authors: Amal Bakhrul 
Published: August 2019

Penegakan hukum Pemilu terdiri dari dua hal, yakni penegakan hukum Pemilu terkait pelanggaran Pemilu dan penegakan hukum Pemilu terkait dengan hasil dan sengketanya. Setiap penegakan hukum Pemilu ditangani oleh lembaga negara tergantung dari jenis pelanggaran yang dilakukan. Bawaslu adalah salah satu lembaga yang memperoleh atribusi kewenangan untuk menegakan hukum Pemilu terkait dengan sengketa proses Pemilu. Pada pelaksanaan kewenangannya tersebut Bawaslu dinilai seringkali melakukan tindakan yang melampaui apa yang seharusnya dilakukan, seperti melampui apa yang menjadi kewenangan Mahkamah Agung. Bawaslu seharusnya hanya menangani Surat Keputusan KPU dan Penetapan Berita Acara KPU bukan justeru menafsirkan PKPU. Hal itu terjadi pada Putusan Penyelesaian Sengketa Proses Pemilu Bawaslu Provinsi DKI Jakarta Nomor 004/REG.LG/DPRD/12.00/VIII/2018 antara Muhammad Taufik berhadapan dengan KPUD Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Di sisi lain Bawaslu memiliki argumentasi yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum. Argumentasi tersebut berupa putusan Bawaslu atas Penetapan Berita Acara itu tidak bisa diejawantahkan dengan Bawaslu menafsirkan PKPU. Ada mekanisme hukum yang bisa dilakukan Bawaslu ketika menjadi hakim yaitu mekanisme menafsirkan antinomi hukum dan mekanisme itu sesuai dengan asas-asas di dalam peradilan.
The Decisive Moment(s or periods) in the Application of Income Tax Rules and the Importance of Events Thereafter – a Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish Perspective and Comparison
Authors: Kellgren Jan , Furuseth Eivind , Kukkonen Matti 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
For a correct application of tax laws, it is central to know at what time or period the conditions of each case are to be tested against the respective tax rule. For example, in many questions, the conditions at the time of the transaction are decisive, but not seldom the tax rules take aim at the conditions at the end of the year – or some other time or period. It is also important to know what significance should be given to events after this time or period, not least when the income declaration is made and assessed. Here, these partly overlooked questions are presented and analyzed from the Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish income tax-perspectives.
Analysis of dexmedetomidine on the quality of awakening during neurosurgery
Authors: Cao Jing , Li Hui , Song Shengwen , Zhou Xuyan , Shen Xu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dexmedetomidine has a dose-dependent sedative and analgesic effect. To further evaluate the wake-up quality of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing neurosurgery, a meta-analysis of dexmedetomidine in a randomized controlled trial of general anesthesia was performed. Firstly, an experimental algorithm was proposed, and then the data fusion algorithm was used to conduct randomized controlled trials. The clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in the acupuncture of neurosurgical patients were evaluated one by one for quality evaluation and data extraction. The effect of different input variables on the depth of anesthesia was studied by using a multi-data fusion approach. The results show that the data fusion algorithm proposed can effectively connect redundant information and complementary information in multiple data, and estimate the real parameters of the measured object. In addition, data fusion brings great convenience to the design of control algorithms and controllers, and provides an effective basis for system simplification. Experiments have shown that dexmedetomidine is effective and safe in the operation of neurosurgical motor function, and the management of the recovery period is safe and effective. Based on the research, it can provide some reference for the awakening of patients undergoing neurosurgery, and promote the progress and development of medicine.
Middle Palaeolithic human dispersal in Central Asia: new archaeological investigations in the Orkhon Valley, Mongolia
Authors: Khatsenovich Arina M. , Rybin Evgeny P. , Bazargur Dashzeveg , Marchenko Daria V. , Kogai Sergei A. , Shevchenko Tatiana A. , Klementiev Alexei M. , Gunchinsuren Byambaa , Olsen John W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Lower Limb Biomechanical Factors Related to Running Injuries: A Review and Practical Recommendations
Authors: Fernández-López Isidro , Rojano-Ortega Daniel 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The objective of this review is to analyze some of the biomechanical factors involved in the most common running injuries: anterior knee pain, iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendinopathy, and medial tibial stress syndrome/tibial stress fracture. Eighteen studies met all inclusion criteria. Results showed that there is little consistent evidence in the literature to connect any biomechanical anomaly to any given running injury, except for female runners with patellofemoral pain who have an increased peak hip adduction angle at stance phase. This review suggests that assessing and treating hip mechanics could help to prevent knee injuries in female runners.
Connectomic Identification and Three-Dimensional Color Tuning of S-OFF Midget Ganglion Cells in the Primate Retina
Authors: Wool Lauren E. , Packer Orin S. , Zaidi Qasim , Dacey Dennis M. 
Published: August 2019

In the trichromatic primate retina, the “midget” retinal ganglion cell is the classical substrate for red–green color signaling, with a circuitry that enables antagonistic responses between long (L)- and medium (M)-wavelength-sensitive cone inputs. Previous physiological studies showed that some OFF midget ganglion cells may receive sparse input from short (S)-wavelength-sensitive cones, but the effect of S-cone inputs on the chromatic tuning properties of such cells has not been explored. Moreover, anatomical evidence for a synaptic pathway from S cones to OFF midget ganglion cells through OFF midget bipolar cells remains ambiguous. In this study, we address both questions for the macaque monkey retina. First, we used serial block-face electron microscopy to show that every S cone in the parafoveal retina synapses principally with a single OFF midget bipolar cell, which in turn forms a private-line connection with an OFF midget ganglion cell. Second, we used patch electrophysiology to characterize the chromatic tuning of OFF midget ganglion cells in the near peripheral retina that receive combined input from L, M, and S cones. These “S-OFF” midget cells have a characteristic S-cone spatial signature, but demonstrate heterogeneous color properties due to the variable strength of L, M, and S cone input across the receptive field. Together, these findings strongly support the hypothesis that the OFF midget pathway is the major conduit for S-OFF signals in primate retina and redefines the pathway as a chromatically complex substrate that encodes color signals beyond the classically recognized L versus M and S versus L+M cardinal mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe first step of color processing in the visual pathway of primates occurs when signals from short (S)-, middle (M)-, and long (L)-wavelength-sensitive cone types interact antagonistically within the retinal circuitry to create color-opponent pathways. The midget (L versus M or “red-green”) and small bistratified (S vs L+M, or “blue-yellow”) ganglion cell pathways appear to provide the physiological origin of the cardinal axes of human color vision. Here we confirm the presence of an additional S-OFF midget circuit in the macaque monkey fovea with scanning block-face electron microscopy and show physiologically that a subpopulation of S-OFF midget cells combine S, L, and M cone inputs along noncardinal directions of color space, expanding the retinal role in color coding.
Lviv in the U.S. Polish Emigrants’ Press after World War II
Authors: Chwastyk-Kowalczyk Jolanta 
Published: August 2019

The article discusses occurrences of topics related to Lviv in Polish opinion-forming newspapers in exile in the United States after World War II. The author followed the New Diaryin the years 1971–1999, together with its appendices, Polish Week (1971–1981) and Polish Review (1981–1999), published in New York. These titles had a wide scope of influence. The analysis of the newspapers’ contents revealed that a small, dispersed community from Lviv, who emigrated to the United States and centered around the Lviv Circle, made their works public regularly in the pages of the New Diary. However, compared with the incidence of the same themes in the Polish emigrants’ press in Western Europe during the same period, it was a marginal phenomenon about accidental topics. The texts mainly focused on unmasking the Soviet authorities’ actions to eliminate traces of Polish culture from Lviv, the devastation of the Lviv Eaglets Cemetery. Additionally, they posted pictures of the Poltva, poems devoted to the city, and anniversary reminiscences of the Lviv defense of 1918. Topics related to Lviv abroad were mostly the domain of its former citizens, who had been forced to leave the city without possibility of return (thanks to the provisions of the Yalta Conference)—journalists, academics, and activists in exile, regularly associated with magazines from the British Isles (the White Eagle, News, Polish Diary, and Soldier’s Diary) as well as Culture from Paris.
Woman through the Lens of the Polish - and Russian-Language Magazines „Dobre rady” – «Добрые советы»
Authors: Górska Marzena 
Published: August 2019

This article attempts to characterize the Polishlanguage magazine Dobre rady in comparison with its Russian-language version Добрые cоветы. This article applies a comprehensively targeted discursive comparison of content to analyze thematic, semantic, cultural, social, structural, and linguistic data. The magazines are related to each other and form a whole, and both affect the perception of a specific group of readers. The analyzed magazines are monthlies of a handbook character, which help readers to take care of children, their health and beauty, and the home. They also provide information on how to resolve legal and financial issues, publish recipes, and entertain their readers. The analysis reveals that in these magazines, a personal pattern emerges of a woman whose main task is to combine the roles of worker, wife, mother, and housekeeper. The presented model comprises two types of women—the stereotypical, empathetic woman whose most important values are marriage and the home, and the rebel woman—a professional, for whom the realization of her own ambitions and the cult of the body are in the first place. The article reflects both theoretical and practical interests, and may be useful not only to those who read the magazines (modern women, housewives burdened with family problems, etc.) but also more broadly—taking into account women who do not fit the outlined image. The comparative nature of the article allows reflection on psychological as well as general cultural issues.
Sport in the Context of Social Sciences. 2012. Eds. W. J. Cynarski, J. Kosiewicz, K. Obodyński
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Michał 
Published: August 2019

Sport in the Context of Social Sciences. W. J. Cynarski, J. Kosiewicz, K. Obodyński, Eds. 2012. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. 282 pp. ISBN 978-83-7338-813-0.
Sport has been a very important component of human existence for ages. It is a complex and colourful phenomenon which arouses the intense interest of fans all over the world and which can be analysed from different points of view. Sport is definitely something more than pure entertainment. Anyone interested in sport should be­come familiar with the latest fruit of the work of the Polish scientists conducting research on different aspects of sports his­tory and sociology. It is worth emphasizing that in Poland there are numerous scholars who have put sport at the centre of their scientific interests.
On Proper Names in German: An Analysis from the Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Majcher Magdalena Zofia Zofia 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this paper is a cognitive grammar analysis of noun phrases in German which contain a proper noun. It is common for proper nouns in German, like first names, surnames, the names of cities and countries, to occur without an article. They can, however, also occur with the definite article, the demonstrative pronoun or with the indefinite article. There are also proper nouns in German, such as the names of rivers, mountain ranges, and some countries, which—according to many grammars—obligatorily occur with the definite article. However, it may happen that even those occur without an article. Whether there is an article before a proper noun or not is regarded as a grammatical phenomenon, without acknowledging its semantic aspects. The latter are only considered in a very few cases. A cognitive grammar analysis makes it possible to look at the abovementioned phenomena from the semanticconceptual perspective, thus ensuring wider opportunities to explain and describe them. According to cognitive grammar, every use of any element should have a semantic-conceptual motivation. The cognitive grammar analysis of German noun phrases containing a proper noun carried out in this article allows us to conclude that the use of articles in the German language is in most cases determined by the speaker’s intention. The analysis in this paper includes a description of noun phrases containing proper nouns selected from the German magazine Der Spiegel.
Appropriation of Symbol as Disclosure of the World of the Play in Tennessee Williams’s “The Glass Menagerie”
Authors: Astrauskienė Jurgita , Šležaitė Indrė 
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the symbol as a key to understanding the world of Tennessee Williams’s play The Glass Menagerie (1945) within the frame of hermeneutics offered by Paul Ricoeur. Various conceptions of the symbol are presented, and the impact of religion upon the playwright’s drama is discussed. The interest of the authors is particularly directed towards the role of Christian symbols and their power to present, in a distinctive and irreplaceable way, the interplay of sacred and profane contexts. The Christian images inspire and shape the narrative structure of the drama. The analysis of particular symbols reveals that the playwright artistically uses Christian iconographic and liturgical implications as the symbolic pattern of the play. The spiritual meanings are evoked by the symbol of the rose, which is traditionally regarded as an emblem of the Virgin Mary, while the symbolic representation of the unicorn is associated with the Annunciation.
The Interaction of Personal and Communal Identities in Literature
Authors: Krasnovas Aleksandras 
Published: August 2019

This article is part of a larger group project designed to examine the memories and identities of multicultural Lithuanian border communities, and focuses on the town of Vilkyškis and its environs. The aim of the article is to investigate how problems of personal and communal identity are expressed in the literature of writers from the region. The study examines the novels of I. Simonaitytė and A. Petraitytė, prose writers whose works describe life in Klaipėda district and Lithuania Minor. The concepts of individual and collective identity, as described by the hermeneuticist Heidegger and the cultural sociologist Giddens, form the basis of the explanation of the theoretical aspects of personal and communal identities and their interactions. Pesonal identity is formed by two types of experience: direct sensory experience, and so-called mediated (received through intermediaries) experience. The article analyzes the novels of Simonaitytė and Petraitytė to determine how communal traditions and important aspects of national identity are passed down the generations, and questions why some traditions are absorbed naturally, others only with effort, while still others are rejected outright. The “nuclear family” has the greatest influence on personal identity, more so than the “extended family.” Other influences include the local village or town community, while the “extended community” affects public life.
The Academics at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius During the Interwar Period
Authors: Przeniosło Małgorzata 
Published: August 2019

In the Second Polish Republic, only professors and associate professors (docents) working atuniversities were referred to as academics. This paper presents issues related to theiremployment. In the interwar period, the rules for employing academics were stated in the lawsof academic schools. There were two such acts at the time, which defined the rules for promotion to associate and full professorships. The manner of the appointment was based on the existence of a limited number of such chairs. All professorships were set up by the Polish government. The laws of academic schools also described the habilitation procedure, which led to receiving permission to lecture and use the academic title of docent. In this paper, general reflections on hiring academic teachers at universities are supported by examples fromStefan Batory University. I determined the size of the two employed groups, professors and docents, at the University between the wars. 138 persons worked there as professors—the largest number in 1937–38—and 70 were docents, with a maximum in one academic year of 11. I also describe issues regarding their scientific research (philosophers, literature specialists, and the academics from the Faculty of Medicine had the greatest achievements) and didactic and organizational work, as well as their salaries. I devote some attention to their private lives and non-academic activities as well (especially in relation to the most famous among them). My deliberations are based on archives and printed sources generated by SBU.
On the Imperishable Reasons of Fairy-Tale Plots: The Case of “Tom Thumb”
Authors: Lassan Eleonora 
Published: August 2019

This article focuses on one of the most popular plots in fairy tale culture (the plot involving the protagonist Tom Thumb), and tries to explain this popularity through the cultural archetypes that are expressed in the fairy tale. The author analyzes fairy tales of different nations involving this particular character and draws a boundary between the literary fairy tale, which is a transformation of old French fairy tales written by Charles Perrault, and different variations of literary fairy tale written by the brothers Grimm. The research shows that it is impossible to apply Propp’s method, which allows the plot to be analyzed in regard to functions and character types, to the analysis of this fairy tale. The author assumes that the fairy tale about Tom Thumb may not be regarded as magic for various reasons. On the other hand, it may be treated as an animal tale, which in Propp’s approach is assumed to have a different structure from a magic fairy tale. The researcher draws a conclusion about the different archetypes that serve as the basis for Perrault’s literary fairy tales, and the numerous variations of the plot which we may relatively denominate as “Grimms’ plot.” Furthermore, in folk tales having Grimms’ plot, Tom Thumb simultaneously performs the role of cultural hero and the role of a trickster. This is absent from Perrault’s fairy tale, because the propaganda of moral values and a distinct didactic character are traditional features of French fairy tales.
On the Social and Empirical Nature of Kant’s Transcendental Anthropocentrism: The Problem of Human Nature
Authors: Leszczak Oleg 
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a conceptual-discursive analysis of Immanuel Kant’s texts from the viewpoint of the ontological essence of humanity (the so-called human nature). On the basis of a functional-pragmatic methodology, the author proposes a metalanguage for a pragmatic conceptual analysis of Kant’s philosophical discourse, together with his own idea of a human as a person, human being, individual, character, and bearer of human traits. The paper consists of two parts. Part One presents the principles by which the human personality is structured, as well as the fundamental methodological questions of the essence of humanity. Part Two analyzes Kant’s notion of “human nature” in both the formal aspect and that of systematic localization. It also considers the issues of social pragmatics and the empirical motivation of “human nature,” which arise from a discursive analysis of texts by Kant. The author attempts to demonstrate that Kant was one of the first philosophers to discern the specificity of human nature in social relations of human personality, which he presented neither in a causal-deterministic form (as a spiritual substance handed down from generation to generation) nor an essentialist one (as a timeless transcendental essence), but rather as a function of social experience for a particular human being (both pragmatic-teleological and transcendental-a posteriori).
Sport w sztuce. Sport in Art. 2012. Eds. M. KozioŁ, D. Piekarska, M. A. Potocka
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Michał 
Published: August 2019

Sport w sztuce. Sport in Art. M. Kozioł, D. Piekarska, M. A. Potocka, eds. 2012. Kraków: Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków. 200 pp. ISBN 978-83-62435-64-7.
Sport in Art, published by the Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, presents the most recent contemporary art, both Polish and international. To be more precise, the Museum focuses on exhibiting contemporary art of the last two decades. It was opened quite recently—in 2011.
Sport in Art was published to accompany an exhibition which took place between May and September 2012 in the Museum. It presents over forty artists and their unique perspectives and interpretations of sport. As Maria Anna Potocka stated, “The range and diversity of the artistic problems that arise under the influence of sporting inspiration are—even within the narrow scope of this exhibition—truly impressive.”