bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for studying transmission of antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria between wild birds and the environment on intensive dairy and beef cattle operations
Authors: Tormoehlen Kristin , Johnson-Walker Yvette J. , Lankau Emily W. , Myint Maung San , Herrmann John A. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundWild birds using livestock facilities for food and shelter may contribute to dissemination of enteric pathogens or antimicrobial resistant bacteria. However, drivers of microbial exchange among wildlife and livestock are not well characterized. Predisposition for acquiring and retaining environmental bacteria may vary among species because of physiologic or behavioral differences, complicating selection of a bacterial model that can accurately characterize microbial connections among hosts of interest. This study compares the prevalence and antibiotic resistance phenotypes of two potential model bacterial organisms isolated from wild birds and their environments.MethodsWe compared prevalence and resistance profiles ofEscherichia coliandEnterococcusspecies isolated from environmental swabs and bird feces on a residential control site, a confinement dairy, a pasture-based beef farm, and a confinement beef farm.ResultsBird feces at all sites had low-to-moderate prevalence ofEscherichia coli(range: 17–47%), despite potential for exposure on farms (range: 63–97%). FewEscherichia coliwere isolated from the control environment.Enterococcus faecaliswas dominant in birds at both beef farms (62% and 81% ofEnterococcusisolates) and low-to-moderately prevalent at the dairy and control sites (29% and 23% of isolates, respectively). Antimicrobial resistance prevalence was higher in farm samples compared to those from the residential control, but distribution of resistant isolates varied between the bacterial genera. Birds on all farms carried resistantEnterococcusat similar rates to that of the environment, but resistance was less common in bird-associatedEscherichia colidespite presence of resistant isolates in the farm environment.DiscussionBacterial species studied may affect how readily bacterial exchange among populations is detected. Selection of microbial models must carefully consider both the questions being posed and how findings might influence resulting management decisions.
Reproductive & Biomarker Response to a Daily Dose of Instant Noodle Seasoning in Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Obemeata E. Oriakpono, , Blessing C. Ibanibo, 
Published: February 2019

The effect of a daily consumption of Instant noodle seasoning containing the Monosodium glutamate (MSG) on rat was evaluated, The parameters investigated include; Alkaline aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) white blood cell (WBC), protein, platelets, lymphocytes and Serum electrolytes; sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) chloride (Cl), bicarbonate (HCO3 - ). Sperm count was also investigated. The results revealed the following, the mean PCV was 29 and 25.13on week 1 and week 4, with an average control of 30.69, mean Hb was 10 in week 1 and 6.57 in week 4, RBC had an average control of 5.28 while week 1 had a mean of 4.77 and week 4 3.67, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) for PCV and Hb. The mean WBC and Lymphocyte were 6 and 61 in the first week, and 5.8 and 60.17 on the fourth week, with an average control of 5.28 for WBC and 77.53 for lymphocytes. Platelet had a mean of 251 on the first week and a mean of 532 on the fourth week with a significant difference across the group in WBC and platelets (P<0.05). The mean serum Na, K and Cl reduced from 140.67, 4.13 and 100.67 in week 1 to 116, 2.5 and 98 in week 4 with a significant difference (P<0.05) across the group when compared to the average control for Na and K. HCO3 had a mean of 23.67 in week 1 and a mean of 22.67 in week 4 in the treated group. AST had a mean of 24 in week 1 which increased to 41.67 in week 4 while ALT increased from a mean of 4.00 in week 1 and 28 in week 4 with a significant difference (P<0.05) across the group. The mean serum protein was 51.93 in week 1 and a 74.29 in week 4. The mean sperm count was 800, 299.67, 450.67 and 501 for week 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results indicates that daily consumption of Instant noodle seasoning may cause liver damage, and kidney dysfunction and has been discovered to have negative effects on blood and sperm cells.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants along Major Road in Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Timothy Nachana’a 
Published: February 2019

Heavy metal concentration in roadside soil and plants are increasingly becoming of health concern. This work determined the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Co, Ni and Cu) in roadside soils and plants samples from selected sites (Plaifu, Shiwa, Fadama-rake and Damdrai) along major road in Hong. Soil samples were taken 10 m, 20 m and 30 m away from the edge of the road at the depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. Plant samples were randomly collected within the vicinity where the soil samples were taken and were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result revealed the trend in soil heavy metal concentration was Fe > Mn > Mg > Pb > Zn > Ni > Co > Cu > Cr > Cd and for plant the trend was Fe > Mn > Mg > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Co > Cr. The concentrations decreased with increasing distance away from the edge of the road as well as with depth at which the soil sample were taken. The transfer factor showed that the concentration of Zn, Mn, Cu and Mg were greater than 1, which shows that plant were enriched by Zn, Mn, Cu and Mg from the soil. Mg and Cd equal to 1 at Plaifu and Damdrai. Most of the values of TF at the study area super pass 0.5, which implies that generally, the ability of bioaccumulation of these heavy metals in examined plants were relatively high.
Identifying Possible Hepatic Fibrosis of Hepatitis B Origin Using Non-invasive Markers: A Case-control Study in the South West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Tufon Kukwah Anthony , Meriki Henry Dilonga , Tebit Kwenti Emmanuel , Georges Teuwafeu Denis , Tony Nyeke James , Tendongfor Nicholas , Enow-Orock George , Anong Damian Nota 
Published: February 2019

Aim: HBV infection is known to cause liver fibrosis as well as some extrahepatic manifestations. We aimed at assessing hematological changes and identifying possible hepatic fibrosis of Hepatitis B origin using non-invasive markers (NIMs).
Study Design: A hospital-based Case-control study
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted at the Buea Regional Hospital, South West Region of Cameroon from February 2016 to December 2017
Methods: We enrolled HBV infected treatment naïve patients and “healthy” controls. All participants were subjected to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurement, Full blood count (FBC), HBsAg, anti-HBc, HIV and HCV tests. Aspartate-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis based on 4 factors (FIB-4), age-platelet index (API) and AST/ALT ratio (AAR) were generated from the test results. A questionnaire was administered to collect demographic data, alcohol consumption and history of liver/kidney disease or metabolic syndrome.
Results: A total of 202 cases and 202 controls were enrolled. Hematocrit (HCT) was significantly higher (p<0.001) in cases than controls. The controls had significantly higher mean values for platelet (p=0.005), neutrophil (p=0.032) and number of individuals with AST/ALT ratio (AAR) ≥1. Liver fibrosis was significantly associated with cases than controls based on APRI (OR:6.06, CI:3.59-10.24), FIB-4 (OR:5.35, CI:2.75-10.39) and API (OR:8.02, CI:1.81-35.55). Among the HBV infected cases, 69 (34.2%), 36(17.8%) and 8(4.0%) had results indicative of fibrosis from at least 2, at least 3 and all 4 NIMs respectively. AAR detected possible fibrosis in 136 HBV infected cases of which up to 77 (56.6%) were not detected as fibrosis by the other NIMs.
Conclusion: HBV infection affects neutrophil percentage, HCT, PLT, APRI, FIB-4 and API in our study population. AAR did not prove to be a reliable NIM. Using at least 3 NIMs for HBV infected patients can significantly scale up their reliability for determining liver fibrosis in clinical practice.
Sculptured Monument in Aberbrothoc Abbey
Authors: Laing Henry 
Published: February 2019

A description of the front of a table tomb found under a pile of rubbish in the chancel of Abroath Abbey by Henry Laing. It was thought to be a fragment as only four of an estimated seven carved figures remained, and Laing called it's style very fine, if not elaborate. From arms carved into the design, Laing deduces that the Abbot to whom the tomb was dedicated was Walter Paniter, to whom the building of the chapter house of the Abbey is ascribed. Laing also describes a ruined fragment of a figure that he surmises would have been the lid of the tomb, and the report says that an R.C. Bell made an engraving to show what it might have looked like.

Meetings minutes for December 8, 1851 are appended.
Bronze Vessels discovered in the Loch of Leys
Authors: Burnett James Horn 
Published: February 2019

J.H. Burnett communicated the discovery of several objects found submerged in the Loch of Leys when it was drained. They had also found an artifical island that had once had a great building upon it, which local legends suggested was once a castle. As the excavation continued, they uncovered cooking vessels, especially kettles, two of which Sir Alexander Burnett presented to the Society. It is remarked that the vessels are very like those pictured in medieval manuscripts.
Scottish Ogham Inscriptions
Authors: Wilson Daniel 
Published: February 2019

The secretary exhibited lithographs of sculptured standing stones with especial attention paid to the stone at Golspie, which had an Ogham inscription around its margin. He drew comparisons to the inscription on the Newton Stone, which was then revealed to be of even greater interest because it appeared to be a bilingual transcription.

What follows is a summary of the activities at the Conversazione held on Feb. 26, 1852.
Notices of the History and Architectural Features of the ancient Church of St Cuthbert at Coldingham
Authors: Wilson Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Dr. Daniel Wilson, with the aid of the architect P. Hamilton, whose drawings and plans of Coldingham Church were used to illustrate Dr. Wilson's points, discursed on the subject of Coldingham Priory's architectural features. Several details suggested to Dr. Wilson that the building could be considered an extremely early example of the First Pointed style of Gothic architecture. By comparison with several other Scottish churches of the same period, he showed clearly that evidence of the church's association with Durham could be found even in its architectural features.
Meetings minutes for June 14, 1852 are appended.
Stable Na Plating and Stripping Electrochemistry Promoted by In Situ Construction of an Alloy‐Based Sodiophilic Interphase
Authors: Tang Shuai , Zhang Yi‐Yang , Zhang Xia‐Guang , Li Jun‐Tao , Wang Xue‐Yin , Yan Jia‐Wei , Wu De‐Yin , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Dong Quan‐Feng , Mao Bing‐Wei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSodium metal anodes are poor due to the reversibility of Na plating/stripping, which hinders their practical applications. A strategy to form a sodiophilic Au–Na alloy interphase on a Cu current collector, involving a sputtered Au thin layer, is shown to enable efficient Na plating/stripping for a certain period of time. Herein, electrochemical behaviors of Na plating on different substrates are explored, and it is revealed that the sodiophilic interphase can be achieved universally by in situ formation of M–Na (M = Au, Sn, and Sb) alloys during Na plating prior to Na bulk deposition in the initial cycle. Moreover, it is found that repetitive alloying–dealloying leads to falling‐off of thin film sodiophilic materials and thus limits the lifespan of efficient Na cycling. Therefore, an approach is further developed by employing particles of sodiophilic materials combined with the control over the cutoff potential, which significantly improves the stability of Na plating/stripping process. Especially, the low‐cost Cu@Sn‐NPs and Cu@Sb‐MPs composite current collectors allow Na plating and stripping to cycle for 2000 and 1700 times with the average efficiency of 99.9% at 2 mA cm−2.
Field and Current Control of the Electrical Conductivity of an Artificial 2D Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Chen Yiyao , Summers Brock , Dahal Ashutosh , Lauter Valeria , Vignale Giovanni , Singh Deepak K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe conductivity of a neodymium‐based artificial honeycomb lattice undergoes dramatic changes upon application of magnetic fields and currents. These changes are attributed to a redistribution of magnetic charges that are formed at the vertices of the honeycomb due to the nonvanishing net flux of magnetization from adjacent magnetic elements. It is suggested that the application of a large magnetic field or a current causes a transition from a disordered state, in which magnetic charges are distributed at random, to an ordered state, in which they are regularly arranged on the sites of two interpenetrating triangular Wigner crystals. The field and current tuning of electrical properties are highly desirable functionalities for spintronics applications. Consequently, a new spintronics research platform can be envisaged using artificial magnetic honeycomb lattices.
Kirigami‐Enabled, Passive Resonant Sensors for Wireless Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Charkhabi Sadaf , Chan Yee Jher , Hwang Doh‐Gyu , Frey Sean T. , Bartlett Michael D. , Reuel Nigel F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA passive resonant sensor with kirigami patterning is presented to wirelessly report material deformation in closed systems. The sensors are fabricated from copper‐coated polyimide by etching a conductive Archimedean spiral and then laser cutting kirigami patterns. The sensor response is defined as the resonant frequency in the transmission scattering parameter signal (S21), which is captured via a benchtop vector network analyzer. The sensors are tested over a 0–22 cm range of extension and show a significant shift in resonant frequency (e.g., 90 MHz shift for 10 cm stretch). Furthermore, the effect of resonator coil pitch on the extension sensor gain (MHz cm−1) and linear span of the sensor is studied. The repeatability of the sensor gain is confirmed by performing hysteresis cycles. The sensors is coated with polydimethylsiloxane films to protect from electrical shorting in aqueous environments. The coated resonators are placed in a pipe to report flow rates. The sensor with 1 mm coating is found to have the largest gain (0.17 MHz⋅s mL−1) and linear span (10–100 mL s−1). Thus, flexible resonant sensors with kirigami‐inspired patterns can be tuned via geometric and coating considerations to wirelessly report a large range of extension lengths for potential uses in health monitoring, motion tracking, deformation detection, and soft robotics.
Heterogeneous Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling between Aryl Chlorides and Alkyllithiums Using a Polystyrene‐Cross‐Linking Bisphosphine Ligand
Authors: Yamazaki Yuki , Arima Nozomi , Iwai Tomohiro , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA polystyrene‐cross‐linking bisphosphine ligand PS‐DPPBz was used for Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with organolithiums. A bench‐stable precatalyst [NiCl2(PS‐DPPBz)] enabled efficient coupling reactions between aryl chlorides and alkyllithiums. The heterogeneous Ni system showed good reusability.magnified image
Unusual Fermi‐Level Pinning and Ohmic Contact at Monolayer Bi2O2Se–Metal Interface
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Xu Lianqiang , Pan Yuanyuan , Yang Jie , Li Jingzhen , Zhang Xiuying , Xu Lin , Pang Hua , Yan Jiahuan , Shi Bowen , Sun Xiaotian , Zhang Han , Xu Linqiang , Yang Jinbo , Zhang Zhiyong , Pan Feng , Lu Jing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVery recently, high‐mobility and air‐stable 2D semiconductor Bi2O2Se has been discovered and believed to be a promising channel candidate for the next‐generation field‐effect transistor (FET). High‐performance few‐layer Bi2O2Se FETs have been realized due to the existence of ohmic contact between few‐layer Bi2O2Se and the metal electrodes. However, monolayer (ML) Bi2O2Se FET exhibits poor device performance owing to lack of good contact between ML Bi2O2Se and the metal electrode. This work simulates the ML Bi2O2Se Schottky barrier field‐effect transistors with a sequence of common electrodes (Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, Sc, and Ti) for the first time by using ab initio quantum transport simulations. For Ag, Au, and Pd electrodes, a lateral n‐type Schottky contact is formed with similar Schottky barrier heights of 0.43–0.52 eV due to a strong usual Fermi‐level pinning (FLP) to the band gap of ML Bi2O2Se. Remarkably, Pt, Sc, and Ti electrodes lead to a desirable lateral n‐type ohmic contact because of an unusual FLP above the ML Bi2O2Se conduction band as a result of electrode work function modification at the interface. Therefore, high performance is anticipated for ML Bi2O2Se devices with these low‐resistance ohmic contacts.
Detection of insect prey by wild common marmosets: The effect of color vision
Authors: Abreu Filipa , Souto Antonio , Bonci Daniela M. O. , Mantovani Viviani , Pessoa Daniel M. A. , Schiel Nicola 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost species of New World primates have an unusual color vision pattern that can affect an individual's ability to detect food. Whereas males can only be dichromatic, females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. Trichromats are expected to have an advantage in detecting conspicuous food whereas dichromats should be better at locating cryptic resources. Here we aimed to understand how color vision phenotype influences insect foraging by five groups of common marmosets living in a semiarid environment. We recorded insect predation events, noting morphotype and color of the captured insect, and the substrate from which it was captured. Color modeling suggested that, for all values of chromatic contrast resulting from comparing the measured insect–substrate pairs, trichromats outperformed dichromats. Females showed an overall higher insect capture rate than males. Females also showed a higher capture rate of conspicuous insects but there was no sex difference for the capture of cryptic insects. When we compared only dichromatic individuals there was no difference between sexes. These findings suggest that differences found in capture rate related not only to sex but also to visual polymorphism and that the latter is a crucial factor determining insect capture rate in common marmosets. Nevertheless, these results should be interpreted with caution because of the small number (three) of dichromat females and the unknown phenotype of the remaining females. Our results support the balancing selection hypothesis, suggesting that the advantage of one phenotype over the other may depend on environmental circumstances. This hypothesis has recently been considered as the most plausible for the maintenance of visual polymorphism in New World primates.
2D Nanosheets and Their Composite Membranes for Water, Gas, and Ion Separation
Authors: Kim Seungju , Wang Huanting , Lee Young Moo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional nanosheets have shown great potential for separation applications because of their exceptional molecular transport properties. Nanosheet materials such as graphene oxides, metal–organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks display unique, precise, and fast molecular transport through nanopores and/or nanochannels. However, the dimensional instability of nanosheets in harsh environments diminishes the membrane performance and hinders their long‐term operation in various applications such as gas separation, water desalination, and ion separation. Recent progress in nanosheet membranes has included modification by crosslinking and functionalization that has improved the stability of the membranes, their separation functionality, and the scalability of membrane formation while the membranes’ excellent molecular transport properties are retained. These improvements have enhanced the potential of nanosheet membranes in practical applications such as separation processes.
Selective Manganese‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Hydrosilanes to Silanols under Neutral Reaction Conditions
Authors: Wang Kaikai , Zhou Jimei , Jiang Yuting , Zhang Miaomiao , Wang Chao , Xue Dong , Tang Weijun , Sun Huamin , Xiao Jianliang , Li Chaoqun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe first manganese‐catalyzed oxidation of organosilanes to silanols with H2O2 under neutral reaction conditions has been accomplished. A variety of organosilanes with alkyl, aryl, alknyl, and heterocyclic substituents were tolerated, as well as sterically hindered organosilanes. The oxidation appears to proceed by a concerted process involving a manganese hydroperoxide species. Featuring mild reaction conditions, fast oxidation, and no waste byproducts, the protocol allows a low‐cost, eco‐benign synthesis of both silanols and silanediols.
Cycloadditions of Oxacyclic Allenes and a Catalytic Asymmetric Entryway to Enantioenriched Cyclic Allenes
Authors: Yamano Michael M. , Knapp Rachel R. , Ngamnithiporn Aurapat , Ramirez Melissa , Houk Kendall N. , Stoltz Brian M. , Garg Neil K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe chemistry of strained cyclic alkynes has undergone a renaissance over the past two decades. However, a related species, strained cyclic allenes, especially heterocyclic derivatives, have only recently resurfaced and represent another class of valuable intermediates. We report a mild and facile means to generate the parent 3,4‐oxacyclic allene from a readily accessible silyl triflate precursor, and then trap it in (4+2), (3+2), and (2+2) reactions to provide a variety of cycloadducts. In addition, we describe a catalytic, decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation performed on an α‐silylated substrate, to ultimately permit access to an enantioenriched allene. Generation and trapping of the enantioenriched cyclic allene occurs with complete transfer of stereochemical information in a Diels–Alder cycloaddition through a point‐chirality, axial‐chirality, point‐chirality transfer process.
Glycopolymers Mimicking GM1 Gangliosides: Cooperativity of Galactose and Neuraminic Acid for Cholera Toxin Recognition
Authors: Terada Yuhei , Hoshino Yu , Miura Yoshiko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlycopolymers mimicking GM1 gangliosides were synthesized by incorporating multiple types of carbohydrates into the polymer backbone. The glycopolymers were immobilized onto gold surfaces, and the interactions with the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) were analyzed using surface plasmon resonance imaging. The glycopolymer containing both galactose and neuraminic acid showed enhanced recognition of CTB. The interaction was enhanced mainly because of an improvement in the dissociation process by the binding of the neuraminic acid group in the GM1 binding pocket. This cooperativity of galactose and neuraminic acid was achieved by incorporation into the same flexible polymer backbone, and the importance of the close placement of galactose and neuraminic acid groups was revealed. These results will be valuable in medical fields and also for the development of biofunctional materials.