bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming compound leaf patterning by manipulating REVOLUTA in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Zhou Chuanen , Han Lu , Zhao Yang , Wang Hongfeng , Nakashima Jin , Tong Jianhua , Xiao Langtao , Wang Zeng‐Yu 
Published: July 2019

SummaryLeaves are derived from the shoot apical meristem with three distinct axes: dorsoventral, proximodistal and mediolateral. Different regulators are involved in the establishment of leaf polarity. Members of the class III homeodomain‐leucine zipper (HD‐ZIPIII) gene family are critical players in the determination of leaf adaxial identity mediated by microRNA165/166. However, their roles in compound leaf development are still unclear. By screening of a retrotransposon‐tagged mutant population of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula, a mutant line with altered leaflet numbers was isolated and characterized. Mutant leaves partially lost their adaxial identity. Leaflet numbers in the mutant were increased along the proximodistal axis, showing pinnate pentafoliate leaves in most cases, in contrast to the trifoliate leaves of the wild type. Detailed characterization revealed that a lesion in a HD‐ZIPIII gene, REVOLUTA (MtREV1), resulted in the defects of the mutant. Overexpression of MtMIR166‐insensitive MtREV1 led to adaxialized leaves and ectopic leaflets along the dorsoventral axis. Accompanying the abnormal leaf patterning, the free auxin content was affected. Our results demonstrate that MtREV1 plays a key role in determination of leaf adaxial–abaxial polarity and compound leaf patterning, which is associated with proper auxin homeostasis.
Lipid remodeling regulator 1 (LRL1) is differently involved in the phosphorus‐depletion response from PSR1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Hidayati Nur A. , Yamada‐Oshima Yui , Iwai Masako , Yamano Takashi , Kajikawa Masataka , Sakurai Nozomu , Suda Kunihiro , Sesoko Kanami , Hori Koichi , Obayashi Takeshi , Shimojima Mie , Fukuzawa Hideya , Ohta Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe elucidation of lipid metabolism in microalgae has attracted broad interest, as their storage lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG), can be readily converted into biofuel via transesterification. TAG accumulates in the form of oil droplets, especially when cells undergo nutrient deprivation, such as for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or sulfur (S). TAG biosynthesis under N‐deprivation has been comprehensively studied in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, during which TAG accumulates dramatically. However, the resulting rapid breakdown of chlorophyll restricts overall oil yield productivity and causes cessation of cell growth. In contrast, P‐deprivation results in oil accumulation without disrupting chloroplast integrity. We used a reverse genetics approach based on co‐expression analysis to identify a transcription factor (TF) that is upregulated under P‐depleted conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mutants showed repression of genes typically associated with lipid remodeling under P‐depleted conditions, such as sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol 2 (SQD2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTT1), and major lipid droplet protein (MLDP). As accumulation of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and TAG were suppressed in P‐depleted mutants, we designated the protein as lipid remodeling regulator 1 (LRL1). LRL1 mutants showed slower growth under P‐depletion. Moreover, cell size in the mutant was significantly reduced, and TAG and starch accumulation per cell were decreased. Transcriptomic analysis also suggested the repression of several genes typically upregulated in adaptation to P‐depletion that are associated with the cell cycle and P and lipid metabolism. Thus, our analysis of LRL1 provides insights into P‐allocation and lipid remodeling under P‐depleted conditions in C. reinhardtii.Open Research BadgesThis article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The sequencing data were made publicly available under the BioProject Accession number PRJDB6733 and an accession number LC488724 at the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ). The data is available at https://trace.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/BPSearch/bioproject?acc=PRJDB6733; http://getentry.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/getentry/na/LC488724. The metabolome data were made publicly available and can be accessed at http://metabolonote.kazusa.or.jp/SE195:/; http://webs2.kazusa.or.jp/data/nur/.
Human skeletal muscle nitrate store: influence of dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise
Authors: Wylie Lee J. , Park Ji Won , Vanhatalo Anni , Kadach Stefan , Black Matthew I. , Stoyanov Zdravko , Schechter Alan N. , Jones Andrew M. , Piknova Barbora 
Published: July 2019

Key points
Nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator and a regulator of many physiological processes, is produced in mammals both enzymatically and by reduction of nitrite and nitrate ions.
We have previously reported that, in rodents, skeletal muscle serves as a nitrate reservoir, with nitrate levels greatly exceeding those in blood or other internal organs, and with nitrate being reduced to NO during exercise.
In the current study, we show that nitrate concentration is substantially greater in skeletal muscle than in blood and is elevated further by dietary nitrate ingestion in human volunteers. We also show that high‐intensity exercise results in a reduction in the skeletal muscle nitrate store following supplementation, likely as a consequence of its reduction to nitrite and NO.
We also report the presence of sialin, a nitrate transporter, and xanthine oxidoreductase in human skeletal muscle, indicating that muscle has the necessary apparatus for nitrate transport, storage and metabolism.
AbstractRodent skeletal muscle contains a large store of nitrate that can be augmented by the consumption of dietary nitrate. This muscle nitrate reservoir has been found to be an important source of nitrite and nitric oxide (NO) via its reduction by tissue xanthine oxidoreductase. To explore if this pathway is also active in human skeletal muscle during exercise, and if it is sensitive to local nitrate availability, we assessed exercise‐induced changes in muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations in young healthy humans, under baseline conditions and following dietary nitrate consumption. We found that baseline nitrate and nitrite concentrations were far higher in muscle than in plasma (∼4‐fold and ∼29‐fold, respectively), and that the consumption of a single bolus of dietary nitrate (12.8 mmol) significantly elevated nitrate concentration in both plasma (∼19‐fold) and muscle (∼5‐fold). Consistent with these observations, and with previous suggestions of active muscle nitrate transport, we present western blot data to show significant expression of the active nitrate/nitrite transporter sialin in human skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we report an exercise‐induced reduction in human muscle nitrate concentration (by ∼39%), but only in the presence of an increased muscle nitrate store. Our results indicate that human skeletal muscle nitrate stores are sensitive to dietary nitrate intake and may contribute to NO generation during exercise. Together, these findings suggest that skeletal muscle plays an important role in the transport, storage and metabolism of nitrate in humans.
Computational Wear Prediction for Impact of Kinematics Boundary Conditions on Wear of Total Knee Replacement Using Two Cross-Shear Models
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Zhenxian , Gao Yongchang , Zhang Xuan , Guo Lei , Jin Zhongmin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Wear particle-induced osteolysis is the main reason for the long-term failure of total knee replacement. Simulator testing is the standard procedure for validating wear performance pre-clinically. The load and kinematics specified in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are standard input profiles for wear testing of implants. Directions of internal–external (IE) rotation and anterior–posterior (AP) translation have been modified in the new version of ISO 14243-3 2014. This study focused on investigating the effects of internal–external rotation and anterior–posterior translation on the wear of knee implants. Numerical wear prediction was performed using the finite element model along with two wear models, namely the contact pressure independent model and contact pressure dependent model. Addition of internal–external rotation significantly increased the wear, and the two wear models obtained similar results. The effect of internal–external rotation direction on wear was slight. Forward movement of the tibial insert during flexion decreased the wear under the contact pressure independent model and increased the wear under the contact pressure dependent model. When the AP direction switched, the two models obtained opposite wear tendencies. The results predicted by the contact pressure dependent model were consistent with those of wear tendency experiments reported in the literature. Further investigation of wear physical principles was necessary to gain a more reliable model. This study demonstrated that both internal–external rotation and anterior–posterior translation were pivotal factors influencing the contact mechanism and wear of total knee implants. More realistic kinematics are necessary for accurate wear assessment.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Metabolism
Authors: Mashabela Gabriel T. , de Wet Timothy J. , Warner Digby F. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is the cause of tuberculosis (TB), a disease which continues to overwhelm health systems in endemic regions despite the existence of effective combination chemotherapy and the widespread use of a neonatal anti-TB vaccine. For a professional pathogen,
M. tuberculosis
retains a surprisingly large proportion of the metabolic repertoire found in nonpathogenic mycobacteria with very different lifestyles. Moreover, evidence that additional functions were acquired during the early evolution of the
M. tuberculosis
complex suggests the organism has adapted (and augmented) the metabolic pathways of its environmental ancestor to persistence and propagation within its obligate human host. A better understanding of
M. tuberculosis
pathogenicity, however, requires the elucidation of metabolic functions under disease-relevant conditions, a challenge complicated by limited knowledge of the microenvironments occupied and nutrients accessed by bacilli during host infection, as well as the reliance in experimental mycobacteriology on a restricted number of experimental models with variable relevance to clinical disease. Here, we consider
M. tuberculosis
metabolism within the framework of an intimate host-pathogen coevolution. Focusing on recent advances in our understanding of mycobacterial metabolic function, we highlight unusual adaptations or departures from the better-characterized model intracellular pathogens. We also discuss the impact of these mycobacterial “innovations” on the susceptibility of
M. tuberculosis
to existing and experimental anti-TB drugs, as well as strategies for targeting metabolic pathways. Finally, we offer some perspectives on the key gaps in the current knowledge of fundamental mycobacterial metabolism and the lessons which might be learned from other systems.
Second opinion utilization by healthcare insurance type in a mixed private-public healthcare system: a population-based study
Authors: Shmueli Liora , Shmueli Erez , Pliskin Joseph S , Balicer Ran D , Davidovitch Nadav , Hekselman Igal , Greenfield Geva 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the utilisation (overall and by specialty) and the characteristics of second-opinion seekers by insurance type (either health fund or supplementary insurance) in a mixed private-public healthcare.DesignAn observational study.SettingSecondary care visits provided by a large public health fund and a large supplementary health insurance in Israel.ParticipantsThe entire sample included 1 392 907 patients aged 21 years and above who visited at least one specialist over an 18 months period, either in the secondary care or privately via the supplementary insurance.Outcomes measuresAn algorithm was developed to identify potential second-opinion instances in the dataset using visits and claims data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify characteristics of second-opinion seekers by the type of insurance they used.Results143 371 (13%) out of 1 080 892 patients who had supplementary insurance sought a single second opinion, mostly from orthopaedic surgeons. Relatively to patients who sought second opinion via the supplementary insurance, second-opinion seekers via the health fund tended to be females (OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.23), of age 40–59 years (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.42) and with chronic conditions (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.18). In contrast, second-opinion seekers via the supplementary insurance tended to be native-born and established immigrants (OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.84), in a high socioeconomic level (OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.37 to 0. 4) and living in central areas (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.9).ConclusionsCertain patient profiles tended to seek second opinions via the supplementary insurance more than others. People from the centre of the country and with a high socioeconomic status tended to do so, as medical specialists tend to reside in central urban areas. Further research is recommended to examine the availability of medical specialists by specialty and residence.
Factors associated with maternal postpartum fatigue: an observationalstudy
Authors: Henderson Jane , Alderdice Fiona , Redshaw Maggie 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of postpartum fatigue at 10 days, 1 month and 3 months, and to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women with fatigue and the associations with infant characteristics, maternal–infant attachment, and partner and midwifery support.SettingMaternity care in England. Secondary analysis of 2014 National Maternity Survey.ParticipantsParticipants were a random sample of 10 000 women selected by the Office for National Statistics using birth registration records. Women aged less than 16 years or if their baby had died were excluded. Questionnaires were sent to women at 3 months post partum and asked about well-being and care during pregnancy, labour, birth and post partum. Specifically, women were asked whether they experienced fatigue/severe tiredness at 10 days, 1 month or 3 months post partum. Responses were received from 4578 women (47% response rate).ResultsDecreasing but substantial proportions of women, 38.8%, 27.1% and 11.4%, experienced fatigue/severe tiredness at 10 days, 1 month and 3 months, respectively. These figures varied significantly by maternal age, level of deprivation, education and parity. Women reporting depression, anxiety, sleep problems and those breast feeding were at significantly increased risk (eg, OR for depression in women with fatigue at 3 months: 2.99 (95% CI 2.13 to 4.21)). Significantly more negative language was used by these women to describe their babies, and they perceived their baby as more difficult than average (eg, two or more negative adjectives used by women with fatigue at 3 months: OR 1.86 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.54)). Women with postpartum fatigue had greater partner support but were significantly less likely to report seeing the midwife as much as they wanted.ConclusionsPostpartum fatigue is not inevitable or universal, although early in the postnatal period it affects a substantial proportion of women. Predictors include age and parity, but practical help and support from partners and midwives may be protective factors.
Association of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with fat mass distribution and accretion during pregnancy and early postpartum: a prospective study of Albertan women
Authors: Subhan Fatheema B , Shulman Lisa , Yuan Yan , McCargar Linda J , Kong Linglong , Bell Rhonda C 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the patterns of fat mass gain in pregnancy and fat loss in the early postpartum period relative to women’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and by adherence to Institute of Medicine’s gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations.DesignProspective cohort study with three to four study visits.SettingThis study is a part of the prospective longitudinal birth cohort, ‘The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition Study’ (APrON) that recruited pregnant women from the cities of Edmonton and Calgary in Alberta.Participants1820 pregnant women were recruited and followed through their pregnancy and at 3 months postpartum.Outcome measuresBody weight and skinfold thicknesses were measured during pregnancy and early postpartum in women. Body density was calculated from sum of skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac), and total fat mass accretion during pregnancy was calculated using Van Raaij’s equations and at postpartum using Siri’s equation. Differences in total fat mass gain, fat mass loss and fat retention according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories and GWG categories were tested using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons.ResultsMost women (64%) had a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, and overall 49% women exceeded the GWG recommendations. Obese women gained significantly less total fat mass, had lower fat mass loss and had lower postpartum fat retention than normal-weight women (p<0.05). Women with excessive GWG gained higher total fat mass and had higher postpartum fat mass retention (p<0.03) than women who met the GWG recommendations. Total GWG was positively correlated with total fat gain (r=0.61, p<0.01) and total fat retention (r=0.31, p<0.05).ConclusionExcessive GWG is the significant risk factor for higher fat mass accretion during pregnancy and higher postpartum fat retention, irrespective of pre-pregnancy BMI.
Improving access to primary healthcare for vulnerable populations in Australia and Canada: protocol for a mixed-method evaluation of six complex interventions
Authors: Russell Grant , Kunin Marina , Harris Mark , Levesque Jean-Frédéric , Descôteaux Sarah , Scott Catherine , Lewis Virginia , Dionne Émilie , Advocat Jenny , Dahrouge Simone , Stocks Nigel , Spooner Catherine , Haggerty Jeannie 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionAccess to primary healthcare (PHC) has a fundamental influence on health outcomes, particularly for members of vulnerable populations. Innovative Models Promoting Access-to-Care Transformation (IMPACT) is a 5-year research programme built on community-academic partnerships. IMPACT aims to design, implement and evaluate organisational innovations to improve access to appropriate PHC for vulnerable populations. Six Local Innovation Partnerships (LIPs) in three Australian states (New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia) and three Canadian provinces (Ontario, Quebec and Alberta) used a common approach to implement six different interventions. This paper describes the protocol to evaluate the processes, outcomes and scalability of these organisational innovations.Methods and analysisThe evaluation will use a convergent mixed-methods design involving longitudinal (pre and post) analysis of the six interventions. Study participants include vulnerable populations, PHC practices, their clinicians and administrative staff, service providers in other health or social service organisations, intervention staff and members of the LIP teams. Data were collected prior to and 3–6 months after the interventions and included interviews with members of the LIPs, organisational process data, document analysis and tools collecting the cost of components of the intervention. Assessment of impacts on individuals and organisations will rely on surveys and semistructured interviews (and, in some settings, direct observation) of participating patients, providers and PHC practices.Ethics and disseminationThe IMPACT research programme received initial ethics approval from St Mary’s Hospital (Montreal) SMHC #13–30. The interventions received a range of other ethics approvals across the six jurisdictions. Dissemination of the findings should generate a deeper understanding of the ways in which system-level organisational innovations can improve access to PHC for vulnerable populations and new knowledge concerning improvements in PHC delivery in health service utilisation.
Haemorrhage control in the prehospital setting: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ezeibe Chibuike , McCarty Justin C , Chaudhary Muhammad A , De Jager Elzerie , Herrera-Escobar Juan , Andriotti Tomas , Jarman Molly P , Ortega Gezzer , Goralnick Eric 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionPrehospital haemorrhage control has saved thousands of lives in the military over the last decade. While uncontrolled haemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable injury death in the USA for individuals under 45, military prehospital haemorrhage control techniques have not fully translated to the civilian sector in the USA. The effective implementation of haemorrhage control for civilian prehospital trauma is dependent on a more complex array of system and personnel-level factors than the military.ObjectiveThis protocol describes the methodology of a scoping review on haemorrhage control strategies in the prehospital setting; specifically, education, logistics and implementation of these strategies. The aim of the review is to identify research gaps and create recommendations for future research surrounding prehospital layperson haemorrhage control.MethodsThe protocol uses the framework published by The Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O’Malley, while following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review Protocols guidelines. The search strategy was refined with the help of a medical librarian. Three peer-reviewed databases (EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science), databases dedicated to grey literature sources, and reference mining will be used. Two investigators will independently screen and extract data. Discrepancies will be resolved by a third investigator. The extracted data will undergo descriptive analysis of the contextual data and a quantitative analysis using the appropriate statistical methods. In addition, this search strategy will be supplemented by a grey literature search.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval is not required for this scoping review. This scoping review will serve to highlight existing gaps within the literature to guide further research and develop future strategies to improve prehospital haemorrhage management. The results of this review will be presented at relevant national and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.