bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting Umbilical Cord Vitamin D Concentration and Its Association with Maternal Vitamin D Level
Authors: Aggarwal Aditya , Modi Amit Kumar , Singh K. Rimi , Jha Avinash Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To analyze factors affecting maternal and umbilical cord levels of vitamin D and to understand the correlation between maternal and umbilical cord vitamin D levels.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of pediatrics of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Research Centre, Pune, India. Maternal and umbilical cord vitamin D levels were examined in 300 pairs of mother and child over a period of two years. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The vitamin D level was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay and classified as either deficient, insufficient or adequate depending on specific cut-offs. Correlations between maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels and demographic factors like religion, socioeconomic status, and sun exposure were also exlored. Statistical tests were performed using the SPSS 21.0 software, with p<0.05 deemed P-valueas significant.Results: There was significantly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in neonates, (78.67%). Key factors influencing maternal vitamin D levels were religion (p=0.027), maternal education (p=0.003), gravida status (p=0.035), and sunlight exposure, with sunlight exposure showing a very strong correlation to the deficiency (p<0.001). Moreover, maternal serum calcium levels significantly affected vitamin D status (p<0.001). A significant association was observed between maternal and cord blood vitamin D levels, with the maternal vitamin D level strongly predicted vitamin D status in neonates (p<0.001).Conclusion: The umbilical cord vitamin D level strongly correlates with the maternal vitamin D level, which is significantly affected by maternal education, residence, pregnancy status, gestational age, and sun exposure.
Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Segmental Spinal Anesthesia with Predominantly Isobaric Levobupivacaine: A Tertiary Care Hospital Study
Authors: Goyal Lalit , Gupta Saloni , Nagar Sachin , Bhargava Vinay 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess feasibility, safety, and efficacy of segmental spinal anesthesia with isobaric levobupivacaine in patients undergoing various abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted at the department of anesthesiology and critical care of Kota heart institute and group of hospitals in India. The study involved 100 patients undergoing various abdominal and lower limb surgeries under segmental spinal anesthesia (SSA). Isobaric levobupivacaine 0.5% with fentanyl 20-25 μg or dexmedetomidine 5-10 as adjuvant or hypobaric levobupivacaine 0.167% was injected in intervertebral space depending on the surgery. Hemodynamic parameters, postoperative pain level, and adverse effects were analyzed with a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: An overall male predominance was observed with a 1:0.515 male-to-female ratio. The most affected age group was 41-50 years (37%), with a mean age of 44.51 ± 11.72 years. ASA classification indicated 34% of patients in ASA I, 40% in ASA II, 24% ASA III and 2% in ASA IV . The primary surgery was laparoscopic cholecystectomy (26%) in normal risk group and orthopedic in high-risk group(20%). Postoperative pain assessment showed mean VAS scores ranging from 1.92 to 3.42 at different time intervals. Common adverse effects were hemodynamic instability (13%), shoulder tip pain (33%), PONV (3%), headache (6%), pruritis (2%) and urinary retention (1%). The hemodynamic instability showed less incidence in ASA III/IV category.Conclusion: Segmental spinal anesthesia can be used successfully for abdominal and lower limb orthopedic surgeries in patients of ASA I to ASA IV.
A Critical Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility Studies in Himachal Himalaya
Authors: Rudra Paul Sarmistha , Sarkar Raju 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Landslides are among the most dangerous geological threats to the mountainous regions. Economic harm occurs all around the world due to their various intensities. One of the places where landslides occur most frequently is the Himachal Himalayan region of the Western Himalaya. Over the past ten years, the risk associated with landslides has significantly increased as a result of both natural occurrences and human interference. Therefore, a detailed and explicit review becomes important to communicate a concise overview of the current trends and to come up with possible solutions for landslide threats. The present paper attempts to explain the research state of landslides in the study area from 2002 to August 2022. The Web of Science resource was utilized to retrieve scientific articles that were used in this study. The following aspects were considered: producing research papers, bibliometric analysis, journal impact factor analysis, regional landslide studies, assessing landslide susceptibility, and analyzing thematic factors. As per the analysis, more landslide research has been conducted since 2007, primarily in Kinnaur, Kullu, and the Himachal Himalaya. The study shows that statistical modeling and artificial intelligence are not often applied in the investigation. It is observed that a large portion of the studies employed empirical and computational methods to assess landslide susceptibility. The key contributing factors that show up in numerous publications are slope, rainfall, lithology, land use, soil, and aspect. The current study attempts to contribute to the availability of resources for every stakeholder involved and identifies the range of advanced research that may be urgently required to establish its fundamental control in the region for the management and mitigation of landslides.
Shallow Landslide Modeling in Complex Hillslope by Using TOPMODEL and SINMAP Models
Authors: Bahmani F. , Fattahi M.H. , Sabzevari T. , Torabi Haghighi A. , Talebi A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Every year many watershed hillslopes are displaced by landslides resulting from deforestation or rainfall-induced saturation. Parameters such as rainfall, saturation rate, soil type, shape and geometry of hillslope affect the landslide of the hillslopes, accordingly, extensive research has been done on the effects of these parameters. Examining the effect of topography and the shape of the slopes on the landslide is one of the issues that requires more research. Hillslopes in nature have 9 different shapes in terms of plan shape (convergence, parallel, and divergence) as well as the curvature of the earth’s surface (concave, convex, and straight). One of the innovations of this study is the investigation of the geometry and topography of the hillslopes upon the landslide based on the suggested SINMAP-TOPMODEL model. The main goal of this research is the investigation of the effect of two features of geometry, the plan shape and profile curvature on the stability of complex hillslopes. TOPMODEL is a hydrological subsurface flow model which is able to predict the magnitude of saturation and soil moisture deficit at any point of a watershed. In this research, TOPMODEL equations were developed so that the geometry of hillslopes could be considered. The saturation index in TOPMODEL was linked to SINMAP slope stability model to estimate the stability of different points of complex hillslope. Based on SINMAP-TOPMODEL model results, it is concluded that convex hillslopes are more stable than concave ones. Moreover, divergent hillslopes showed less sensitivity to land sliding compared to convergent ones.
Uso de Biodigestores em Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto
Authors: Silva Leandro de Oliveira 
Published: November 2024

Com o crescente aumento da população mundial se amplia a necessidade do tratamento adequado dos resíduos gerados. Uma estação de tratamento de efluentes (ETE) tem diferentes etapas, sendo assim o tratamento de esgoto é fundamental para a saúde e o meio ambiente, quando o mesmo não acontece pode haver a contaminação das fontes de águas potáveis como lençóis freáticos, minas e rios, contribuindo desse modo com a propagação de doenças. Tradicionalmente, o tratamento de águas residuais compreende processos químicos, físicos e biológicos, cada um com suas peculiaridades. No entanto, no processo biológico surge uma oportunidade única, na qual se pode beneficiar de um subproduto, como o biogás e o biofertilizantes, isso porque os biodigestores surgiram como uma tecnologia alternativa junto ao tratamento de esgoto doméstico, em comunidades carentes de baixa renda e com difícil acesso às grandes áreas urbanas, seu uso vem ganhando atenção como uma forma sustentável e econômica no processo de tratamento de resíduos. Esses são reatores, que por meio de um processo anaeróbico, convertem a matéria orgânica em biogás, que por sua vez, quando tratados podem ser utilizados como fonte de energia renovável. E recurso importante no mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo e para o sistema de venda de crédito em carbono para o mercado.
Palavras-chave: Biodigestores. Saneamento Básico. Energias Renováveis. Biogás.
Abstract
With the increasing growth in the world population, the need for adequate treatment of waste generated increases. An effluent treatment plant (ETE) has different stages, so sewage treatment is essential for health and the environment. When this does not happen, there may be contamination of drinking water sources such as groundwater, mines and rivers, thus contributing to the spread of diseases. Traditionally, wastewater treatment comprises chemical, physical and biological processes, each with its own specialists. However, in the biological process a unique opportunity arises, where we can benefit from a by-product, such as biogas and biofertilizers, because biodigesters have emerged as an alternative technology alongside the treatment of domestic sewage in poor, low-income communities with difficult access to large urban areas, its use has been gaining attention as a sustainable and economical way in the waste treatment process. These are reactors that, through an anaerobic process, convert organic matter into biogas, which in turn, when treated, can be used as a source of renewable energy. It is an important resource in the clean development mechanism and the system for selling carbon credits to the market.
Keywords: Biodigesters. Basic Sanitation. Renewable Energy. Biogas.
Anthracnose Disease Attack on Chili Plants in West Sumatra
Authors: Yanty Dini Puspita , Trizelia  , Darnetty  , Trisno Jumsu 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine Colletotrichum spp's attack level. causing anthracnose disease in chili in West Sumatra. The location of plant samples is determined based on the chili plant production centers in the high and lowlands. Sampling is done by randomized multi-stage sampling. The first stage determines two districts in the highlands, namely Tanah Flat and Agam, and two districts in the lowlands, namely Padang Pariaman and Padang City. The second stage determines two sub-districts in each district, namely X koto and Batipuh districts (Tanah Datar regency), Ampek Angkek and Sungai Pua districts (Agam regency), 2 x 11 Enam Lingkung and Patamuan districts (Padang Pariaman regency) and Pauh and Kuranji districts (Padang city). The third stage determines the Nagari, and each Nagari selects two chili planting fields with the criteria of having a land area of ± 400 m2; on that land, the chili plants have borne fruit. In each field, 40 sample plants were taken systematically randomly. The parameters observed included the infested plants, the infested fruit, and the intensity of the attack. The results showed that the attack of Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose disease on chili plants in West Sumatra was relatively high, with the infested plants ranging from 36.32% to 62.85% (average 45.13%), the number of infested fruits 23.50%-48.00% (average 36.39%) and the intensity of attack 37.8%-73.33% (average 52.85%). There was no visible difference in attack between highlands and lowlands.
Stenochlaena palustris Ethanol Extract Decreases Viability and Induces G1-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in HSC-3 Tongue Cancer Cells via p21 and p27
Authors: Sandra Ferry , Ranggaini Dewi , Halim Johni , Taramalinda Elizabeth Yuliani , Scania Alifah Evi , Roeslan Boedi Oetomo , Lee Kyung Hoon 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the tongue is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis due to its resistance to standard treatments. Stenochlaena palustris, a medicinal fern containing bioactive compounds, has shown potential anticancer properties. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the effects of S. palustris ethanol extract (SPEE) on tongue cancer. This study examined the effects of SPEE on the cell viability and cell cycle of human squamous cell carcinoma (HSC)-3 tongue cancer cells.METHODS: SPEE was prepared with the maceration method. HSC-3 cells were treated with SPEE at concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL for 24 and 48 hours. Cell viability was measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometer. Immunoblotting was used to measure amount of cell cycle regulators, protein 21 (p21) and protein 27 (p27).RESULTS: SPEE treatment led to a significant decrease in HSC-3 viable cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with the most pronounced effect at higher concentration and prolonged treatment time. There was a slightly increase in the percentage of cells in the Sub-G1 phase in SPEE-treated group, meanwhile there was a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G1-phase. Increased amount of p21 and p27 were observed in SPEE-treated group.CONCLUSION: SPEE significantly inhibited HSC-3 cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, primarily by inducing G1-phase cell cycle arrest through the upregulation of p21 and p27. Taken together, SPEE could be a potential anti-cancer agent for tongue cancer cell. KEYWORDS: Stenochlaena palustris, tongue cancer, cytotoxic, cell cycle arrest, HSC-3 cells, p21, p27
ENTA GEWEORC, O TRABALHO DOS GIGANTES: J. R. R. TOLKIEN E AS RUÍNAS PRÉ-MEDIEVAIS DA INGLATERRA ALTO-MEDIEVAL
Authors: Las Casas Brito Filho Gesner 
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar de que forma as ruínas da antiguidade, elementos presentes na Idade Média, foram interpretadas e agenciadas por Tolkien em sua escrita de fantasia e seus trabalhos como acadêmico. Portanto, como Tolkien leu estes elementos. A ruína também trata da ideia de civilização em decadência, fim dos tempos e milenarismo, presentes também na arte e escrita medievais, com foco na Alta Idade Média. Cotejaremos estes dois temas buscando demonstrar como estes foram utilizados tanto pelo Tolkien escritor de fantasia quanto pelo Tolkien acadêmico. Dentro da área de estudos medievais, um campo que vem sendo estudado com estudos cada vezes mais numerosos no Brasil, é a apropriação da Idade Média por obras de fantasia contemporâneas. Este artigo além destas preocupações contempla uma preocupação sobre a popularização da Idade Média de fantasia como instrumento de aprendizado sobre a Idade Média fora do ambiente acadêmico.
Reversible Self-Dual Codes over Finite Field
Authors: Hidayat Ardi Nur , Krisnawati Vira Hari , Alghofari Abdul Rouf 
Published: November 2024

Reversible self-dual code is a linear code which combine the properties from self-dual code and reversible code. Previous research shows that reversible self-dual codes have only been developed over field of order 2 and order 4. In this article, we construct reversible self-dual code over any finite field of order F_q , with natural number q=2. We first examine and prove some of fundamental properties of reversible self-dual code over . After a thorough analysis these, we obtain a new generator matrix of reversible self-dual code. A new generator matrix is derived from existing self-dual and reversible self-dual code over . It will be shown that a new reversible self-dual over can be constructs from one and more existing code by specific algebraic methods. Furthermore, using this construction, we determine the minimum distance of reversible self-dual code and ensuring its optimal performance in various applications.
A Generalized Benders Decomposition for Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming: Theory and Applications
Authors: Haq Fadiah Hasna Nadiatul , Chaerani Diah , Triska Anita 
Published: November 2024

This paper comprehensively explains how to solve mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) models using the generalized benders decomposition (GBD) method. The MINLP problem is an optimization model in which some variables must be integers and the objective function or constraints are nonlinear. The GBD method is an extension of the Benders Decomposition (BD) method, effectively handles the characteristics of the MINLP model, where the model has nonlinear properties and involves two types of variables, namely continuous variables and integer variables. The GBD method decomposes the problem into primal and master problems that are solved alternately until the optimal solution is found. The main difference between the GBD and BD methods is that GBD uses nonlinear duality in the main problem so that GBD can solve the nonlinear problem, whereas BD applies linear duality. This paper also presents some theorem proofs related to GBD that were not presented in detail in the previous literature. The application of the GBD method is also presented to demonstrate how the method can be effectively used to solve real-world MINLP problems.
Diversité et importance socio-économique de la flore sauvage de la mare de Bougary (Assaba, Mauritanie) et ses bordures
Authors: Hmeyada Abdellahi Mohamed Vall , Yarba Lemhaba , Aliyenne Ahmed , M’Hammed Baba Ainina Moulay , Abdellahi Allal Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

En Mauritanie, les zones humides constituent l’un des habitats les plus riches en biodiversité dans la zone saharo-sahélienne ; cependant cette biodiversité reste très peu connue et les services écosystémiques que ces zones offrent sont rarement pris en compte dans le cadre de l’économie nationale. La présente étude cherche, sous l’angle botanique, à améliorer les connaissances et à relever la valeur écosystèmique de la mare de Bougary. La démarche a consisté à inventorier et caractériser tous les taxons botaniques et à enquêter auprès des populations locales pour comprendre l’importance des espèces végétales pour la résilience communautaire. Au total, 95 espèces appartenant à 82 genres et 35 familles sont inventoriées ; les Fabaceae (20%) et les Poaceae (18%) représentent les principales familles dominantes. La répartition en types biologiques des taxons recensés indique la dominance des thérophytes (46%) et des phanérophytes (44%). Au plan biogéographique, 49% des taxons sont soudano-zambésiens et 30% de transition saharo-arabique /soudano-zambésienne. La cueillette des sous-produits forestiers est une activité discrète, mais très importante autour de la mare de Bougary, impliquant des fruitiers sauvages, des plantes médicinales et aromatiques et d’autres produits forestiers non ligneux. Suite à l’exploitation abusive de cette flore, 12 espèces semblent être disparues de la zone et d’autres sont menacées de disparition si des mesures lucides de protection ne sont pas urgemment engagées.
In Mauritania Wetlands constitute one of the richest habitats in biodiversity in the Saharo-Sahelian zone in; However, this biodiversity remains little known and the services that these areas offer are rarely taken into account within the framework of the national economy. This study seeks, from a botanical perspective, to improve knowledge and identify the ecosystem value of the Bougary pond. The approach consisted of inventorying and characterizing all botanical taxa and surveying local populations to understand the importance of plant species for community resilience. 95 species belonging to 82 genera and 35 families are inventoried; Fabaceae (20%) and Poaceae (18%) represent the main dominant families. The distribution of biological types of the taxa recorded indicates the dominance of therophytes (46%) and phanerophytes (44%). Biogeographically, 49% of the taxa are Sudano-Zambesian and 30% Saharo-Arabic/Sudano-Zambesian transition. The collection of forest by-products is a discreet but very important activity around the Bougary pond, involving wild fruit trees, medicinal and aromatic plants and other non-woody forest products. Following the abusive exploitation of this flora, 12 species appear to have disappeared from the area and others are threatened if clear-minded protection measures are not urgently taken.
Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, in Rodents and Shrews with Their Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Uwanyirigira Marie Chantal , Bapfakurera Elias Nelly , Nibitangaza Sarah , Mhamphi Ginethon Gabriel , Mwega Elissa , Kimera Sharaduli , Katakweba Abdul A.S 
Published: November 2024

Background: Rodents are known to be a source of foodborne diseases; however, few researchers have examined rodent faeces. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of foodborne Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the risk factors associated with rodents and shrews in five wards from Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Method: A total of 148 rodents and shrews were captured from domestic, peri-domestic, and marketplace settings. This study isolated bacteria from faeces samples collected from rodents and shrews using a culture test, and identified them using biochemical tests. Molecular tests were used to screen out bacteria-targeted genes. Questionnaires were also used to assess the risk factors of foodborne Salmonella spp. and E. coli associated with house rodents and shrews. Results: Salmonella enterica was detected in 3/148 (2%), and E. coli was found in 54/148 (36.5%) of the samples. Regarding habitat, a high prevalence of E. coli was observed in open markets, at 16.9%, while Salmonella enterica was high inside households, at 1.3%. The results show that 83% of respondents found rodents feces in uncooked or cooked food, 30.4% found rodents feces in the water storage, 93.2% found food eaten by a rodent, and 66.9% of households used food contaminated with feces or eaten by rats. Conclusion: The study shows that rodents and shrews carry foodborne pathogens like Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania, posing serious public health risks. The rodents had high rates of E. coli and low Salmonella enterica, with risk factors linked to food and water contamination.