bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin for the Prevention of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Guideline Development and Consensus Validation
Authors: Carolan Aoife , Hynes-Ryan Caroline , Agarwal Sri Mahavir , Bourke Rita , Cullen Walter , Gaughran Fiona , Hahn Margaret K , Krivoy Amir , Lally John , Leucht Stefan , Lyne John , McCutcheon Robert A , Norton Michael J , O’Connor Karen , Perry Benjamin I , Pillinger Toby , Shiers David , Siskind Dan , Thompson Andrew , O’Shea Donal , Keating Dolores , O’Donoghue Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is one of the most commonly reported and distressing side effects of treatment and people living with SMI place a high value on the avoidance of this side effect. Metformin is the most effective pharmacological intervention studied for the prevention of AIWG yet clear guidelines are lacking and evidence has not translated into practice. The aim of this research was to develop a guideline for the use of metformin for the prevention of AIWG.

Study Design
The appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation II instrument (AGREE II) was followed for guideline development. Literature was reviewed to address key health questions. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE methodology and an evidence-to-decision framework informed the strength of the recommendations. A consensus meeting was held where the algorithm and strength of recommendations were agreed. An independent external review was conducted involving experts in the field, including patient and public partners.

Study Results
Metformin is the only pharmacological agent that has demonstrated efficacy for preventing AIWG. Co-commencement with antipsychotic medicines can reduce the extent of weight gain by 4.03 kg (95% CI −5.78 kg to −2.28 kg) compared to controls. A guideline for the use of metformin for the prevention of AIWG was developed with specific recommendations for co-commencement of metformin at initiation with an antipsychotic or commencement if certain criteria are present. Core recommendations were graded as strong by consensus agreement.

Conclusions
This is the first published evidence-based guideline using the AGREE II framework and GRADE methods for the use of metformin to prevent AIWG incorporating recommendations for co-commencement. Implementation and evaluation of the guideline will be supported by a shared decision-making package and assessment of barriers and facilitators to implementation.
Rentiership and intellectual monopoly in contemporary capitalism: conceptual challenges and empirical possibilities
Authors: Baines Joseph , Hager Sandy Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the concepts of rentiership and intellectual monopoly have gained prominence in discussions about the weakening link between corporate profitability and capital investment in high income countries. However, there have been few if any attempts to construct measures for rentiership and intellectual monopoly using firm-level financial data. The absence of such work, we argue, is symptomatic of challenges in delineating what qualifies as rent—whether it be intangible rent or otherwise. In place of static conceptions of rent and intellectual monopoly, we develop a framework for analyzing rentierization and intellectual monopolization as dynamic and variegated processes that are closely related to financialization. We apply the framework to the analysis of the transformation of non-financial firms in the USA since the mid-twentieth century and show how it helps clarify the linkages between firm-level dynamics and trends associated with household inequality, corporate stratification and secular stagnation.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory data between hantavirus infection and leptospirosis: a retrospective case series study in southern Taiwan
Authors: Lo Shih-Hao , Chen Tun-Chieh , Lin Chun-Yu , Hsieh Hsiao-Chen , Lai Ping-Chang , Lien Wei-Li , Yeh Yen-Cheng , Lee Ing-Kit , Chen Yen-Hsu , Lu Po-Liang , Chang Ko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Leptospirosis (LS) and hantavirus (HV) are rodent-borne diseases and share similar clinical manifestations, posing diagnostic challenges.

Methods
This retrospective study compared clinical characteristics, laboratory data, complications and outcomes of 33 LS and nine HV cases in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, from 2006 to 2021.

Results
Both LS and HV diseases had high rates of acute kidney injury (84.8% vs 66.7%) and hepatitis (65.6% vs 88.9%); LS showed more hyperbilirubinemia (70% vs 12.5% in HV, p=0.005), higher initial creatinine levels (2.9 vs 1.37, p=0.018) and elevated initial C-reactive protein (218.3 vs 28.6 mg/dl, p&lt;0.001), but lower initial lymphocyte percentage (6.63% vs 14.2%, p=0.005) and platelets (138.7/mm3 vs 68.9, p=0.016) compared with HV. Microscopic hematuria was significantly more prevalent in LS (80% vs 28.65% in HV, p=0.016). Notably, the LS and HV groups exhibited statistically significant differences in thrombocytopenia (57.5% vs 100%, p=0.019), hyperbilirubinemia (70% vs 12.5%, p=0.005), shock (45.5% vs 0%, p=0.016) and hematuria (80% vs 28.6%, p=0.016). Neither group experienced fatalities.

Conclusions
Fever, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury alert physicians to consider LS and HV for differential diagnosis. Elevated bilirubin, along with hematuria or shock, suggests a preferred diagnosis for LS.
Multi‐omics analysis reveals alterations of breastmilk metabolites and proteins in Hong Kong lactating mothers
Authors: Jiang Lilong , Yeung Oi‐Yee , Ho Wing‐Wa , Shum Tim‐Fat , Wong Man‐Sau , Lam Carly S. Y. , Chiou Jiachi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe nutritional contents of breastmilk (BM) directly participate in neonatal metabolism via breastfeeding. Currently, there is limited research on BM metabolites and proteins compositions, and their alterations during the long lactation period in Hong Kong mothers. In this study, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics studies were applied to compare the compositions in BM of Hong Kong lactating mothers at the 2nd, 6th, and 12th months after delivery. Distinct metabolomics and lipidomics signatures in 6th month versus 2nd month and 12th month versus 2nd month were observed, and a total of 19 differential metabolites and 105 lipids were identified. Metabolomics study showed the significant alterations in key pathways involved in biotin metabolism, amino acid, and fatty acid‐associated metabolisms. Lipidomics analysis indicated the accumulation of triglyceride and ceramide during the lactation period. The remodeling of glycerophospholipids was also observed during 12‐month period. Moreover, 28 differentially expressed proteins were identified and mainly associated with GO functions and KEGG pathways of ribosome and complement and coagulation cascades, which were validated by network analysis. Our research contributes to the understanding of the BM compositions and differences during the long lactation period in postpartum women of Hong Kong.
Systemic Hypothermia in the Acute Management of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy in a Murine Animal Model
Authors: Tse Brian C. , Wang Hua , Dvoriantchikova Galina , Pelaez Daniel , Tse David T. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To examine the effects of systemic hypothermia on retinal ganglion cell survival and visual outcomes after optic nerve trauma in a sonication-inducted traumatic optic neuropathy murine animal model.

Methods:
Twenty mice underwent sonication-inducted traumatic optic neuropathy. Afterward, 10 mice were placed on a warming pad set to 36°C, and 10 mice were placed on a table. General anesthesia was maintained for 3 hours with subcutaneous injections of ketamine. The rectal temperature was measured every 15 minutes. Pattern electroretinograms were obtained at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Mice were sacrificed at 6 weeks, and retinal ganglion cell counts were performed.

Results:
The hypothermia group had an average rectal temperature of 23.1°C; the control group was 33.3°C. At 6 weeks, the hypothermia group had larger a-wave amplitudes (18.19 µV) than the control group (12.75 µV) (p < 0.05). At 6 weeks, retinal ganglion cell density over the entire retina was significantly higher in the hypothermia group versus the control (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
The hypothermia treatment group had significantly higher retinal ganglion cell density and pattern electroretinogram a-wave amplitudes 6 weeks after injury than the control group. Systemic hypothermia may have a neuroprotective effect when initiated immediately after sonication-inducted traumatic optic neuropathy.
Cataract Surgery and Intraocular Lens Implantation in Aviation Pilots
Authors: Mendes João , Ribeiro Filomena J 
Published: December 2024

The rising age of pilots and the extension of retirement age underscore the importance of investigating Presbyopia correction intraocular lenses during cataract surgery for Aviation Pilots.
This study aims to assess recommendations from aviation regulatory agencies, providing guidance on the use of multifocal intraocular lenses in both commercial and military pilots.
A review analysed the perspectives of aviation regulatory agencies regarding the implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses in pilots. Findings reveal a lack of consensus among agencies regarding the use of multifocal intraocular lenses. Some adopt a permissive stance, permitting their use, while others maintain restrictive approaches. Variations in the post-cataract surgery unfit assessment period were observed, ranging from six to twelve weeks.
The implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses in aviation pilots remains contentious. Further research is crucial to address unresolved aspects associated with using multifocal intraocular lenses in this context.
Predictors of Length of Physical Therapy Care for Infants With Congenital Torticollis
Authors: Aker Heather R. , Pierce Samuel R. , Moore Elizabeth S. , Martin Kathy 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study explored whether the type of torticollis, amount of tummy time or container time, participant age at examination, and Alberta Infant Motor Scales score influence the length of physical therapy care for infants with torticollis.

Methods:
Data for 149 participants were extracted from medical records for infants with torticollis who received care between November 2018 and November 2021.

Results:
Statistically significant correlations were found between length of care (LOC) and torticollis type, age at examination, active range of motion rotation deficit, and passive range of motion rotation deficit. A multiple regression model predicted LOC from age at examination in days, as well as passive and active rotation deficits.

Conclusion:
Higher passive and active rotation deficits lead to longer LOC. However, longer lengths of care were associated with younger ages at examination, different from earlier studies.
Transcranial direct current stimulation alleviates the pain severity in people suffering from knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dai Tian , Liu Meng , Bao Dapeng , Manor Brad , Zhou Junhong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Considerable research has shown the benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the alleviation of pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Still, a large variance in study protocols and observations across publications exists. We here thus completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively and quantitatively characterize the effects of tDCS on KOA-related pain. A search strategy based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) principle was used to obtain the publications in 7 databases. Studies exploring the effects of tDCS on KOA-related pain were screened, and eligible studies were included. Ten studies of 518 participants using Visual Analogue Scale or Numeric Rating Scale to assess pain were included in the systematic review, and 9 of them were included in meta-analysis. The quality of these studies was good. Compared to control, tDCS induced significant short-term improvements in KOA-related pain with medium heterogeneity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.91, 95% confidence interval [−1.24, −0.58], P < 0.001, I2 = 61%). Subgroup analyses showed that both home-based (SMD = −1.32, 95% CI [−1.65, −0.99], P < 0.001, I
2 = 0%) and laboratory-based intervention (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI [−0.99, −0.33], P < 0.001, I
2 = 40%) with at least 5 sessions per week (SMD = −1.02, 95% CI [−1.41, −0.64], P < 0.001, I
2 = 65%) and/or with a total number of at least 10 sessions (SMD = −1.12, 95% CI [−1.51, −0.74], P < 0.001, I
2 = 59%) can induce maximum benefits for the alleviation of KOA-related pain. The results here showed that tDCS is of great promise to alleviate KOA-related pain. Still, future studies with more rigorous design are needed to confirm the observations from this work, which can ultimately help the determination of appropriate intervention protocol that can maximize such benefits.
Use of a Vessel Sealer for Hysterectomy at Time of Prolapse Repair: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ray Marlana M. , Crisp Catrina C. , Pauls Rachel N. , Hoehn Jonathan , Lewis Kelsey , Bonglack Mildrede , Yeung Jennifer 
Published: December 2024

Importance
Electrosurgical vessel sealing devices for vaginal hysterectomy have demonstrated reduced postoperative pain. This modality, however, has not been evaluated in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic reconstruction.

Objective
The aim of the study was to describe postoperative pain levels utilizing the LigaSure vessel sealing device for vaginal hysterectomy in patients undergoing major reconstructive surgery.

Study Design
In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, participants were randomized to vaginal hysterectomy utilizing the LigaSure vessel sealing device versus standard clamping and suturing techniques. Following hysterectomy, all participants underwent major vaginal reconstruction, including apical suspension via high uterosacral ligament fixation. The primary outcome was postoperative pain on a 100-mm visual analog scale 3–6 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included hysterectomy operative time, blood loss, pain scores and narcotic use on days 1, 3, 5, and 2 weeks after surgery.

Results
A total of 95 participants were randomized: 48 (50.5%) in the intervention arm and 47 (49.5%) in the control arm. Between 3 and 6 hours postoperatively, there was no difference in overall pain scores (49 vs 50.5). Groups also had similar hysterectomy operative times (40.5 minutes vs 38 minutes) and blood loss (100 mL vs 100 mL). Pain scores and narcotic use on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 2 weeks were not different.

Conclusions
While vessel sealing devices may reduce pain after vaginal hysterectomy alone, these benefits were not detected following concomitant major pelvic reconstruction. Similar operative times and blood loss between groups may be due to the expertise of the surgical subspecialist and not the device itself.
Unplanned Readmission Rate Before Interval Appendectomy After Nonoperative Management of Complicated Appendicitis
Authors: Hellmann Zane J , Rehman Shahyan , Hornick Matthew , Solomon Daniel G 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
There remains clinical equipoise regarding the preference for upfront appendectomy or nonoperative management for patients with complicated appendicitis. However, the natural history of the appendix following nonoperative management and pending interval appendectomy in children is not well characterized, and the risk of recurrent appendicitis as a function of time from index admission not known.

Study Design:
The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was queried for all patients younger than 18 with an ICD-10 diagnosis code for complicated appendicitis admitted between 2018-2021. Patients were included for analysis if they received antibiotics on three or more consecutive days and did not undergo appendectomy during index admission. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine rates of unplanned readmission, defined as patients readmitted for appendicitis and receiving antibiotics on three or more consecutive days following index admission.

Results:
2,826 patients were included in the study for complicated appendicitis. 2,016 (71.4%) patients underwent appendectomy, while the remaining 810 did not undergo appendectomy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a 7% decrease unplanned readmission rates for each additional day patients were removed from index admission (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.96). Additionally, unplanned readmission rates in the first 50 days following index admission were twice as high as days 50-100 (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.76-3.05).

Conclusions:
The highest likelihood of recurrent appendicitis or complications following nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis occurs in the first 50 days following index admission. This information will help surgeons during shared decision-making conversations regarding timing of interval appendectomy.
A FRET assay to quantitate levels of the human β-cardiac myosin interacting heads motif based on its near-atomic resolution structure
Authors: Goluguri Rama Reddy , Guhathakurta Piyali , Nandwani Neha , Dawood Aminah , Yakota Seiji , Roopnarine Osha , Thomas David D , Spudich James A. , Ruppel Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn cardiac muscle, many myosin molecules are in a resting or “OFF” state with their catalytic heads in a folded structure known as the interacting heads motif (IHM). Many mutations in the human β-cardiac myosin gene that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are thought to destabilize (decrease the population of) the IHM state. The effects of pathogenic mutations on the IHM structural state are often studied using indirect assays, including a single-ATP turnover assay that detects the super-relaxed (SRX) biochemical state of myosin functionally. Here we develop and use a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based sensor for direct quantification of the IHM state in solution. The FRET sensor was able to quantify destabilization of the IHM state in solution, induced by (a) increasing salt concentration, (b) altering proximal S2 tail length, or (c) introducing the HCM mutation P710R, as well as stabilization of the IHM state by introducing a dilated cardiomyopathy-causing mutation (E525K). Our FRET sensor conclusively showed that these perturbations indeed alter the structural IHM state. These results establish that the structural IHM state is one of the structural correlates of the biochemical SRX state in solution.
PhenoEncoder: A Discriminative Embedding Approach to Genomic Data Compression
Authors: Taş Gizem , Postma Eric , Balvert Marleen , Schönhuth Alexander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExploring the heritability of complex genetic traits requires methods that can handle the genome’s vast scale and the intricate re-lationships among genetic markers. Widely accepted association studies overlook non-linear effects (epistasis), prompting the adoption of deep neural networks (DNNs) for their scalability with large genetic datasets and ability to detect complex relationships. However, the curse of di-mensionality continues to limit the potential of DNNs, underscoring the critical need for dimensionality reduction for suitably sizing and shaping the genetic inputs, while preserving epistasis.Linkage disequilibrium (LD), a measure of correlation between genetic loci, offers a pathway to genome compression with minimal information loss. Using LD, the genome can be divided into smaller genomic regions, i.e., haplotype blocks, which can be locally compressed using deep au-toencoders. While autoencoders excel at preserving the main non-linear patterns, they still risk losing phenotype-relevant information when dom-inated by other sources of genetic variation.We propose a novel approach, PhenoEncoder, that incorporates pheno-typic variance directly into compression. This single nucleotide polymor-phism (SNP)-based pipeline employs multiple autoencoders, each dedi-cated to compressing a single haplotype block. The window-based spar-sity of the model eases the computational burden of simultaneously pro-cessing numerous SNPs. Concurrently, an auxiliary classifier predicts the phenotype from the compressed haplotype blocks. Epistasis is processed both within and between haplotype blocks by maintaining non-linearity in the autoencoders and the classifier. Through joint optimization of the compression and classification losses, PhenoEncoder ensures that disease-causing patterns are highlighted during compression.Applied to protein expression and simulated complex phenotype datasets, PhenoEncoder demonstrated enhanced generalizability in downstream classification tasks compared to standard autoencoder compression. By enabling phenotype-aware compression, PhenoEncoder emerges as a promis-ing approach for discriminative genomic feature extraction.
Comparison of whole-genome assemblies of European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) and brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri)
Authors: Tørresen Ole K. , Garmann-Aarhus Benedicte , Hoff Siv Nam Khang , Jentoft Sissel , Svensson Mikael , Schartum Eivind , Tooming-Klunderud Ave , Skage Morten , Krabberød Anders , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn , Jakobsen Kjetill S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present haplotype-resolved whole-genome assemblies from two individuals of the sister species the European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) and the brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri). The genome assemblies forL. fluviatilisconsists of pseudo-haplotype one, spanning 1073 megabases and 963 megabases for pseudo-haplotype two. ForL. planeri, the genome assemblies span 1049 megabases and 960 megabases for pseudo-haplotypes one and two, respectively. The river lamprey assemblies have been scaffolded into 82 pseudochromsomes for both pseudo-haplotypes, with the same number forL. planeri. All four haplotype assemblies were annotated, identifying 21,479 and 16,973 genes in pseudo-haplotypes one and two forL. fluviatilis, and 24,961 and 21,668 genes in pseudo-haplotypes one and two forL. planeri. A comparison of the genomes ofL. fluviatilisandL. planeri, alongside a separate chromosome level assembly ofL. fluviatilisfrom the UK, indicates that they form a species complex, potentially representing distinct ecotypes. This is further supported by phylogenetic analyses of the three referenceLampetragenomes in addition to sea lamprey.