bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Vasospasm Following the Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Joshua Shejoy P. , Panikar Dilip , Viswam Vineeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCerebral vasospasm following an endoscopic endonasal resection of a craniopharyngioma is a rare, devastating occurrence that can lead to delayed cerebral ischemia and a poor neurological outcome if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. The etiology of this condition is not well understood. In this chapter, we present a case of cerebral vasospasm following transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for craniopharyngioma, review the literature, and identify common presenting symptoms, probable predisposing factors, and essential management strategies to treat this condition.
The Profile of the Italian Civil Society Elite
Authors: Santilli Cecilia , Scaramuzzino Roberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the socio-demographic profile and attitudinal orientations of Italy’s civil society elite, offering critical insights into the power dynamics and representation within the sector. Comparative analyses situate the elite vis-à-vis the general population, grassroots activists, and economically privileged groups, revealing disparities across age, gender, education, and nativity indicators. The elite emerge as predominantly older, male, highly educated, and native-born, and are thus emblematic of entrenched privilege structures. However, their attitudes chart a strikingly divergent trajectory, exhibiting greater social trust, left-leaning ideologies, and robust support for progressive causes like LGBTQ+ rights relative to other cohorts. Qualitative perspectives elicited from elite leaders contextualise these findings, illuminating perceptions around gender representation challenges, generational barriers, and ideological tensions within the ranks of civil society. This duality—socio-demographic privilege juxtaposed with progressive attitudes—positions the elite as potential catalysts of transformative change. The chapter’s rigorous examination exposes power geometries shaping the sector while highlighting civil society’s avant-garde role in catalysing inclusive leadership, intergenerational dialogue, and equitable social progress. Grappling with intersections of privilege and ideology leads to the emergence of new pathways towards realising civil society’s transformative potential.
A Kaleidoscope of Power, Tradition, and Transformation
Authors: Santilli Cecilia , Scaramuzzino Roberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis final chapter discusses how this volume has explored the dynamics that shape the composition, trajectories, and societal influence of Italian civil society elite. By bridging civil society studies and elite studies, it unveils the complexities characterising this elite stratum, illuminating their socio-demographic profiles, ideological orientations, career pathways, and subjective perceptions. The findings highlight a paradox between the socio-demographic privilege and progressive ideological leanings of Italian civil society elite. The volume has also examined professionalisation trajectories and contrasting leadership models across national contexts. It explored the career mobility and boundary-crossing patterns, as well as the historical legacies, ideological divides, and subjective realities that shape the Italian third sector. By integrating civil society studies and elite studies, this work challenges theoretical frameworks, confronts the tension between inclusivity rhetoric and stratified realities, and contributes to a nuanced understanding of the role of civil society elites in democratic governance and social change.
Nailfold microscopy in adult-onset dermatomyositis in association with myositis antibodies
Authors: Flatley Elizabeth M. , Collins Dina , Lukowiak Tess M. , Miller Jason H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDermatomyositis (DM) is an immune mediated inflammatory disease classically associated with muscular and cutaneous involvement. Existing studies have suggested characteristic nailfold findings may be observed in DM, indicating a potential role for nailfold microscopic examination in the diagnosis of DM. To that end, we performed a systematic review of literature pertaining to nailfold microscopic, capillaroscopic, and dermoscopic findings observed in patients with DM, with a secondary review of the association of nailfold microscopic findings with myositis-specific antibody (MSA) and myositis-associated antibody (MAA) status. Thirty-seven papers, representing 346 patients, met inclusion criteria. The most prevalent nailfold findings were evidence of increased vascular diameter (64.5%, n = 223) and decreased vascularity (57.5%, n = 199). Scleroderma-spectrum pattern and microhemorrhage or hemorrhage were both observed in 156 (45.1%) patients. Fifty-one patients had nailfold capillaroscopic findings reported in direct association with antibody positivity and demonstrated a range of nailfold findings, preliminarily suggesting associations between antibody-status and capillaroscopic findings. The results of our study align with existing data indicating the scleroderma-spectrum pattern and the pattern’s composite features are prevalent in patients with DM. Our review further demonstrates a variety of nailfold capillaroscopic findings are found in patients positive for MSAs and MAAs.
Introducing a microstructure-embedded autoencoder approach for reconstructing high-resolution solution field data from a reduced parametric space
Authors: Najafi Koopas Rasoul , Rezaei Shahed , Rauter Natalie , Ostwald Richard , Lammering Rolf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we develop a novel multi-fidelity deep learning approach that transforms low-fidelity solution maps into high-fidelity ones by incorporating parametric space information into an autoencoder architecture. This method’s integration of parametric space information significantly reduces the amount of training data needed to effectively predict high-fidelity solutions from low-fidelity ones. In this study, we examine a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer analysis within a heterogeneous materials microstructure. The heat conductivity coefficients for two different materials are condensed from a 101

$$\times $$

×

101 grid to smaller grids. We then solve the boundary value problem on the coarsest grid using a pre-trained physics-informed neural operator network known as Finite Operator Learning (FOL). The resulting low-fidelity solution is subsequently upscaled back to a 101

$$\times $$

×

101 grid using a newly designed enhanced autoencoder. The novelty of the developed enhanced autoencoder lies in the concatenation of heat conductivity maps of different resolutions to the decoder segment in distinct steps. Hence the developed algorithm is named microstructure-embedded autoencoder (MEA). We compare the MEA outcomes with those from finite element methods, the standard U-Net, and an interpolation approach as an upscaling technique. Our analysis shows that MEA outperforms these methods in terms of computational efficiency and error on representative test cases. As a result, the MEA serves as a potential supplement to neural operator networks, effectively upscaling low-fidelity solutions to high-fidelity while preserving critical details often lost in traditional upscaling methods, such as sharp interfaces features lost in the context of interpolation approaches.
Bayesian dynamic quantile model averaging
Authors: Bernardi Mauro , Casarin Roberto , Maillet Bertrand B. , Petrella Lea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a novel dynamic framework to Bayesian model averaging for time-varying parameter quantile regressions. By employing sequential Markov chain Monte Carlo, we combine empirical estimates derived from dynamically chosen quantile regressions, thereby facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the quantile model instabilities. The effectiveness of our methodology is initially validated through the examination of simulated datasets and, subsequently, by two applications to the US inflation rates and to the US real estate market. Our empirical findings suggest that a more intricate and nuanced analysis is needed when examining different sub-period regimes, since the determinants of inflation and real estate prices are clearly shown to be time-varying. In conclusion, we suggest that our proposed approach could offer valuable insights to aid decision making in a rapidly changing environment.
Towards Developing the Scientific Basis for New Testing Methodologies to Quantify and Compare Firebrand Generation from Building Components
Authors: Suzuki Sayaka , Naruse Tomohiro , Manzello Samuel L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFirebrands are a dangerous threat, leading to fire spread at distances far away from the original fire location. Testing methodologies are needed to be develop materials so that buildings produce less firebrands during actual fire events. Through dedicated experiments focused on understanding the complex process of firebrand generation from full-scale buildings and building components under wind, a reduced-scale test method capable of comparing firebrand generation from mock-up assemblies has been developed. Here, a new series of full-scale experiments under wind, focused on roof assemblies fitted with cedar roof coverings, was undertaken to determine if the reduced-scale experimental method could indeed predict the full-scale experimental observations. The reduced-scale experimental method correctly predicted that: fire retardant cedar shakes would produce the least number of firebrands, the overall range of firebrand sizes generated from all types of cedar coverings utilized, and that the firebrand coefficient, namely, firebrand density times average thickness of firebrands, $${(\rho }_{fb}\times {\delta }_{ave, fb} ={\alpha }_{fb}$$

(
ρ

fb

×

δ

a
v
e
,
f
b

=

α

fb

) increased as the wind speed increased for cedar shingles. Cedar shakes resulted in a different trend in firebrand coefficient, which may be expected due to their more non-uniform shape prior to combustion.
Simultaneous versus sequential option presentation: A conceptual replication
Authors: Bischof Severin Friedrich , Bauer Johannes , Nagengast Liane 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBy investigating the impact of different presentation orders, Mogilner et al. (2013) demonstrated that consumers are more satisfied and committed when the options of a choice set were presented all at once (simultaneously) rather than one at a time (sequentially). We replicate this effect in the online dating context across two studies and demonstrate that choosers are more satisfied and committed if they viewed all dating profiles simultaneously rather than sequentially when making their choice. This effect is mainly driven by regret arising from foregoing options in sequential settings.
Evaluation of a carbon dioxide fish barrier through numerical modelling
Authors: Politano M. , Cupp A. , Smith D. , Schemmel A. , Jackson P. R. , Zuercher J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) is a potential route for the migration of aquatic invasive species from the Mississippi River Basin into the Great Lakes. Electric dispersal barriers were installed in the Chicago Sanitary Ship Canal, within CAWS, to prevent invasive fish from reaching the Great Lakes. Despite the high efficiency of these barriers, occasional maintenance events create a vulnerability that fish can exploit to access the Great Lakes. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a carbon dioxide (CO2) infusion system to deter fish during the maintenance of the electric barriers. An algebraic slip mixture model was implemented in the OpenFOAM solver to represent the underwater CO2 bubble plume and predict the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the canal. Simulations under three canal flowrates and two sparger systems were conducted assuming a constant gas flowrate. Numerical results indicate that, for all simulated conditions, the CO2 concentration is not fully mixed creating passageways that invasive fish could potentially use to migrate upstream. Injecting 4-mm bubbles induces two large-scale recirculations that are expected to synergistically improve fish avoidance. On the other hand, injection of 20 $$\upmu$$
μ
m bubbles results on almost immediate dissolution with minimal effect on the flow pattern. To improve effectiveness, a gas pulse system was proposed and numerically evaluated. Based on the simulations, this system not only extends the operation of the CO2 barrier but also increases efficiency creating CO2 gradients that can promote a more responsive behaviour from fish. Moreover, the pulse concept mitigates potential effect of elevated CO2 downstream from the treated area.
Novel approach for biomaterial assessment: utilizing the Ex Ovo quail cam assay for biocompatibility pre-screening
Authors: Tirpakova Zuzana , Demcisakova Zuzana , Luptakova Lenka , Hurnikova Julia , Coma Matus , Urban Lukas , Gal Peter , Medvecky Lubomir , Petrovova Eva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has emerged as a crucial component of biocompatibility testing for biomaterials designed for regenerative strategies and tissue engineering applications. This study explores angiogenic potential of an innovative acellular and porous biopolymer scaffold, based on polyhydroxybutyrate and chitosan (PHB/CHIT), using the ex ovo quail CAM assay as an alternative to the conventional chick CAM test. On embryonic day 6 (ED6), we placed the tested biomaterials on the CAM alone or soaked them with various substances, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), saline, or the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor Angiostatin. After 72 h (ED9), we analyzed blood vessels formation, a sign of ongoing angiogenesis, in the vicinity of the scaffold and within its pores. We employed marker for cell proliferation (PHH3), embryonic endothelium (WGA, SNA), myofibroblasts (α-SMA), and endothelial cells (QH1) for morphological and histochemical analysis. Our findings demonstrated the robust angiogenic potential of the untreated scaffold without additional influence from the angiogenic factor VEGF-A. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed an upregulation of pro-angiogenic growth factors, including VEGF-A, ANG-2, and VE-Cadherin after 5 days of implantation, indicative of a pro-angiogenic microenvironment. These results underscore the inherent angiogenic potential of the PHB/CHIT composite. Additionally, monitoring of CAM microvilli growing to the scaffold provides a methodology for investigating the biocompatibility of materials using the ex ovo quail CAM assay as a suitable alternative model compared to the chicken CAM platform. This approach offers a rapid screening method for biomaterials in the field of tissue repair/regeneration and engineering.
Vector meson’s spin alignments in high energy reactions
Authors: Chen Jin-Hui , Liang Zuo-Tang , Ma Yu-Gang , Sheng Xin-Li , Wang Qun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between the polarized quark and antiquark in the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions, opening a new window to explore the properties of sQGP. In addition, spin alignments of vector mesons have also been observed in other high-energy particle collisions such as e+e− annihilations at high energies where hadron production is dominated by quark fragmentation mechanism. The results obtained are quite different from those obtained in heavy ion collisions where quark coalescence/combination mechanism dominates suggesting strong dependence on hadronization mechanisms. So comprehensive studies in different hadronization processes are needed. In this article, we present a brief review of theoretical and experimental advances in the study of vector meson’s spin alignments in a variety of high-energy particle collisions, with emphasis on hadronization mechanisms.
Safety and effectiveness of lenalidomide in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory ATLL: post-marketing surveillance
Authors: Miyazaki Tohru , Uno Shuji , Fujimori Hiroaki , Motegi Yoko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in Japan. Post-marketing surveillance (PMS) was conducted to confirm its safety and effectiveness. From April 2017 until April 2020, safety data were obtained for 77 patients and effectiveness data for 65 patients (31.2% of patients had progressive disease as the best response to their most recent prior regimen). Forty-nine patients (63.6%) in the safety analysis set experienced an adverse drug reaction (ADR). Grade ≥ 3 ADRs occurred in 42.9%. The most common Grade ≥ 3 ADRs were neutrophil count decreased/neutropenia and platelet count decreased/thrombocytopenia (11.7% each). Serious ADRs occurred in 26 patients. Five patients had previously received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Among these, one experienced acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) during lenalidomide administration and two responded to lenalidomide. Effectiveness analysis showed that an objective response was achieved in 29.2% of patients. No statistically significant differences were observed in the objective response rates of patients aged < 70 versus those aged ≥ 70 years (33.3% vs 28.0%, respectively; p = 0.6904). No new safety signals were observed in this PMS, and lenalidomide demonstrated a favorable benefit-risk balance in Japanese patients with ATLL.
Psychometric development and validation of the Hospital Resilience Index
Authors: Lirk Philipp , Janjua Haroon , Rogers Michael , Flynn Stephen , Kuo Paul , Pietrobon Ricardo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Throughout the past decades, the United States healthcare system has seen increased efforts to promote continuity of operations in response to external or internal stressors. There is no marker to characterize this facet of health system resilience. The two databases which may contain the most relevant data are the American Hospital Association (AHA) annual survey, which gathers over 1000 data points from more than 6000 hospitals, and the RAND corporation, which provides information on the financial health and viability of hospitals and health care systems. In that sense, AHA focuses more on organizational and practice issues, while RAND will cover more economic factors. Our study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate a new Hospital Resilience Index (HRI).

Methods
We took the AHA and RAND databases as primary data sources, and defined hospital closure as the main negative outcome indicating failed resilience. We performed descriptive statistics, and regression analysis of the databases.

Results
Our findings show that a combination of eleven variables is strongly associated with the likelihood of hospital closure. These factors mirror smaller hospital size, lack of ancillary functions, staffing structure of the hospital, size of facilities, number of surgeries performed, Medicare discharges, operating expenses, and medical school affiliation as a teaching hospital. We further classified hospitals with a low HRI (< 25) or high HRI (> 25). In this setup, we found that both hospitals with a low HRI and hospitals that would subsequently close were characterized by smaller patient census, smaller numbers of surgeries, fewer beds, a smaller staff, and a lower operating margin.

Conclusions
Together, these factors would point to a higher resilience to external stressors in larger, more expanded hospitals and healthcare systems, offering a broad range of services, and having a higher operating margin. The higher tiers of the healthcare system therefore seem to have more resilience, but the recent Covid-19 pandemic exhibited how much all tiers in the system are needed to respond to extraordinary crises such as pandemics or large natural disasters. Future research should seek to determine whether tracking the HRI over time may be a tool to identify hospitals at risk of closure.
Abiotic crust formation in fallow agricultural desert soils through carbonate cementation reduces fugitive dust
Authors: Scott Brian , Zaloumis Jon L. , Salifu Emmanuel , Adegoke Adesola H. , Alaufi Salim , Fraser Matthew , Kavazanjian Edward , Garcia-Pichel Ferran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Unconsolidated soils typically develop a physical surface crust after wetting and drying. We reproduced this process in the laboratory by wetting with fog and simulated rain on fallow agricultural soils from 26 locations, representing 15 soil types from Pinal County, Arizona. Through correlative analyses, we found that carbonate content was a strong predictor of physical crust strength with fog (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.48) and rain (p = 0.004, R2 = 0.30). Clay content increased crust strength (p = 0.04) but was not a useful predictor. Our results extend the current understanding of the soil crusting process by highlighting the preeminence of carbonate cementation in desert agricultural soils. Consequently, we identify carbonate as a pragmatic tool for estimating crust strength, a surrogate measure of a soil’s potential to produce fugitive dust, which can help prioritize interventions to curb airborne dust in arid lands.
“Natives Around the Township”: State Spaces and the Struggle for Karamoja's Future, 1950–66
Authors: Meyerson Samuel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
At the moment of independence, the Karamoja region of northeastern Uganda occupied a unique position within the Ugandan state. Local communities existed largely outside the sovereignty of the state and remained disinvested from its politico-economic institutions, and policymakers saw Karamoja as a problematic challenge to their agendas of development, security, and nation-building. I contend that, in the years surrounding Uganda's independence, government officials, rural communities, and a small emergent local elite fiercely debated Karamoja's place in the Ugandan state in state spaces such as government headquarters, trading centers, and barazas. Examining these contestations in state spaces allows us to map the indigenous political epistemologies of Karamoja against the epistemology of statehood and demonstrates the diversity of political thought that existed in Karamoja. A look at political debates in Karamoja at the moment of independence also sheds light on gaps within the historiographies of belonging and marginality in African states and addresses Karamoja's exclusion from the historiography of Uganda.