bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triptycene‐based fluorescent polymers with pendant alkyl chains: interaction with fullerenes and morphology of thin films
Authors: Ansari Mosim , Mallik Samapika , Mondal Snehasish , Bera Ranajit , Jana Achintya , Nayak Alpana , Das Neeladri 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report unique triptycene‐based alternating copolymers bearing long alkyl chains as pendants. Syntheses utilized 2,6‐diethynyltriptycene and appropriate alkyloxyarene monomers polymerized via Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction to yield triptycene‐based poly(phenylene ethynylene)s. Resulting polymers are soluble in organic solvents and were characterized using various techniques. Experimental results suggest the polymers are thermally stable and fluorescent. The fluorescence emission is quenched in the presence of fullerenes (C60 and C70) suggesting strong host–guest interactions. The magnitude of the binding constant between the polymers and these fullerenes was determined to be of the order of 105 mol L−1. The effects of chain length on the morphology and wettability of the polymers on silicon substrates were studied using atomic force microscopy. Three distinct dewetting patterns, i.e. spherical domains, fractal structures and ring structures, were observed with variation in the pendant chain length. This ability to control the thin‐film morphology of the polymers may have potential technological applications, which include but are not limited to sensors, fluorescent coatings and organic electronics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Wenn die Wärme Wellen schlägt
Authors: Ziegler Mathias , Thiel Erik 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungWird die Wärmezufuhr in einen Festkörper moduliert, kann die Temperatur als stark gedämpfte Diffusionswelle gemessen werden. Die aktive Thermografie nutzt diese Welleneigenschaften aus, um Materialfehler zerstörungsfrei zu detektieren. Die neuesten Ansätze verwenden eine strukturierte Beleuchtung mit Lasern. Auf diese Weise kann man gezielt thermische Wellenfelder erzeugen und kohärent überlagern. Damit lassen sich versteckte Materialfehler noch genauer finden und vermessen. Die Zukunftsvision ist eine thermografische Tomografie, die dreidimensionale Bilder aus dem Inneren eines Materials liefert.
Kometenstaub unter dem Mikroskop
Authors: Hilchenbach Martin , Hornung Klaus , Koch Andreas , Kissel Jochen 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDer mit dem Instrument COSIMA gesammelte Staub des Kometen 67P/Tschurjumow‐Gerassimenko ist porös und besteht aus 10 bis 40 µm großen Agglomeraten. Van‐der‐Waals‐Kräfte halten diese zusammen. Die Teilchen bestehen zu einem Drittel aus Kohlenstoff. Vergleichbare hochporöse Staubteilchen haben wir bisher auf der Erde nicht gefunden, wenn auch eine Reihe von Meteoriten und Mikrometeoriten oder in der Atmosphäre aufgesammelte interplanetare Staubteilchen einzelne Eigenschaften der mit Rosetta gemachten Beobachtungen gut widerspiegeln.
Functional Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Are Present in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Korkka Iina , Viheriälä Taina , Juuti-Uusitalo Kati , Uusitalo-Järvinen Hannele , Skottman Heli , Hyttinen Jari , Nymark Soile 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs important functions for the maintenance of photoreceptors and vision. Malfunctions within the RPE are implicated in several retinal diseases for which transplantations of stem cell-derived RPE are promising treatment options. Their success, however, is largely dependent on the functionality of the transplanted cells. This requires correct cellular physiology, which is highly influenced by the various ion channels of RPE, including voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels. This study investigated the localization and functionality of CaV channels in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived RPE. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from these cells revealed slowly inactivating L-type currents comparable to freshly isolated mouse RPE. Some hESC-RPE cells also carried fast transient T-type resembling currents. These findings were confirmed by immunostainings from both hESC- and mouse RPE that showed the presence of the L-type Ca2+ channels CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 as well as the T-type Ca2+ channels CaV3.1 and CaV3.2. The localization of the major subtype, CaV1.3, changed during hESC-RPE maturation co-localizing with pericentrin to the base of the primary cilium before reaching more homogeneous membrane localization comparable to mouse RPE. Based on functional assessment, the L-type Ca2+ channels participated in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion as well as in the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments in hESC-RPE. Overall, this study demonstrates that a functional machinery of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is present in mature hESC-RPE, which is promising for the success of transplantation therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:179&15
Real‐Time Probe for the Efficient Sensing of Inorganic Fluoride and Copper Ions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Patil Pravin , Ajeya Kanalli V. , Bhat Mahesh P. , Sriram Ganesan , Yu Jingxian , Jung Ho‐Young , Altalhi Tariq , Kigga Madhuprasad , Kurkuri Mahaveer D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA highly sensitive and efficient rhodamine 6G based probe (P3) was synthesized for the real‐time sensing of F− and Cu2+ ions. The probe P3 was able to show significant color change from brown to pink in the presence of F− and yellow to orange in presence of Cu2+ ions. The UV‐vis studies confirm that the probe P3 was able to detect F− and Cu2+ ions over other ions. Further, UV‐vis titration studies were carried out to understand the detection mechanism and stoichiometry between P3: F− and P3: Cu2+ ions. 1H‐NMR titration was performed to confirm the F− ion binding to probe P3, where, deprotonation of hydrazone proton (‐C=N‐NH‐) was observed. In addition, the limit of detection for P3:F− and P3:Cu2+ ions were found to be 4.02 μM and 1.64 μM respectively which is useful for practical applications. Lastly, probe P3 was used to detect and quantify the F− ions present in a commercially available mouthwash product. Furthermore, P3 was adsorbed on the surface of silica microsphere to detect Cu2+ ions. Interestingly, the material could visually detect 1 ppm of Cu2+ ions which is lower than the permissible limit.
Experimentation growth: Evolving trustworthy A/B testing capabilities in online software companies
Authors: Fabijan Aleksander , Dmitriev Pavel , McFarland Colin , Vermeer Lukas , Holmström Olsson Helena , Bosch Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCompanies need to know how much value their ideas deliver to customers. One of the most powerful ways to accurately measure this is by conducting online controlled experiments (OCEs). To run experiments, however, companies need to develop strong experimentation practices as well as align their organization and culture to experimentation. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate how to run OCEs at large scale using the experience of companies that succeeded in scaling. Based on case study research at Microsoft, Booking.com, Skyscanner, and Intuit, we present our main contribution—The Experiment Growth Model. This four‐stage model addresses the seven critical aspects of experimentation and can help companies to transform their organizations into learning laboratories where new ideas can be tested with scientific accuracy. Ultimately, this should lead to better products and services.
Assessing an assessment: The review and redesign of a competency-based mid-degree evaluation
Authors: Mayowski Colleen A. , Norman Marie K. , Kapoor Wishwa N. 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionLittle has been published about competency-based education in academic medicine, in particular how competencies are or should be assessed. This paper re-examines a competency-based assessment for M.S. students in clinical research, and “assesses the assessment” 4 years into its implementation.MethodsData were gathered from student surveys and interviews with program advisors, and common themes were identified. We then made refinements to the assessment, and student surveys were administered to evaluate the impact of the changes.ResultsResearch results suggested the need to improve communication, time the assessment to align with skills development and opportunities for planning, streamline, and clarify expectations with examples and templates. After implementing these changes, data suggest that student satisfaction has improved without any reduction in academic rigor.ConclusionThe effective implementation of competency-based training in clinical and translational research requires the development of a scholarly literature on effective methods of assessment. This paper contributes to that nascent body of research.
Hurricane Maria’s Impact on Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico: Community Needs and Mental Health Assessment Six Months Postimpact
Authors: Ferré Isabella M. , Negrón Stephanie , Shultz James M. , Schwartz Seth J. , Kossin James P. , Pantin Hilda 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis pilot study aimed to assess the community needs and population health status for the low-income town of Punta Santiago, situated on the southeastern coast of Puerto Rico at the point where Hurricane Maria made landfall on September 20, 2017.MethodsA cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey was conducted 6 months after the storm with a representative random sample of 74 households. The survey characterized population demographics and resident needs in relation to storm damage and disruption. The survey also assessed prevalence and symptom severity of major depression, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder.ResultsMost of Punta Santiago was without electrical power and more than half of households sustained severe damage. Residents reported loss of jobs, decreased productivity, school closures, dependency on aid for basic necessities, increased risk for vector-borne diseases, unrelenting exposure to heat and humidity, and diminished health status. Two-thirds (66.2%) of the respondents had clinically significant symptom elevations for at least 1 of the 3 common mental disorders assessed: major depression, generalized anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder.ConclusionsPilot survey results, along with other studies conducted in Punta Santiago, can be used to provide guidance for interventions with this community as well as with other low-income, storm-affected areas. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:18–23)
Italian Political Parties and Military Operations: An Empirical Analysis on Voting Patterns
Authors: Coticchia Fabrizio , Vignoli Valerio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSince the end of the bipolar era, the military activism of several Western powers has raised questions about parliamentary control, fostering growing research and analyses on the features, drivers and consequences of the different kinds of oversight exercised by legislative assemblies. Within this scholarly debate, this article focuses on the under-studied case of Italy. How did Italian parties vote on military operations abroad in the post-Cold War era? In order to answer this question, the article presents the first detailed and comprehensive set of data on parliamentary votes over the deployment of the Italian armed forces in the post-Cold War era (i.e. from the beginning of the 1990s to the recent operation against ISIL). Thanks to this extensive new empirical material, the article assesses selected arguments developed by the literature on political parties and foreign policy, paving the way for further research.
The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls
Authors: Schoch Rainer R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDissorophoid temnospondyls are widely considered to have given rise to some or all modern amphibians (Lissamphibia), but their ingroup relationships still bear major unresolved questions. An inclusive phylogenetic analysis of dissorophoids gives new insights into the large-scale topology of relationships. Based on a TNT 1.5 analysis (33 taxa, 108 characters), the enigmatic taxonPerryellais found to nest just outside Dissorophoidea (phylogenetic defintion), but shares a range of synapomorphies with this clade. The dissorophoids proper are found to encompass a first dichotomy between the largely paedomorphic Micromelerpetidae and all other taxa (Xerodromes). Within the latter, there is a basal dichotomy between the large, heavily ossified Olsoniformes (Dissorophidae + Trematopidae) and the small salamander-like Amphibamiformes (new taxon), which include four clades: (1) Micropholidae (Tersomius,Pasawioops,Micropholis); (2) Amphibamidae sensu stricto (Doleserpeton,Amphibamus); (3) Branchiosauridae (Branchiosaurus,Apateon,Leptorophus,Schoenfelderpeton); and (4) Lissamphibia. The generaPlatyrhinopsandEoscopusare here found to nest at the base of Amphibamiformes. Represented by their basal-most stem-taxa (Triadobatrachus,Karaurus,Eocaecilia), lissamphibians nest withGerobatrachusrather than Amphibamidae, as repeatedly found by former analyses.UUID:http://zoobank.org/dadf36db-e003-4af7-bfa7-44d79bc04450
Do Female and Male Judges Assign the Same Ratings to the Same Wines? Large Sample Results
Authors: Bodington Jeff , Malfeito-Ferreira Manuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMuch research shows that women and men have different taste acuities and preferences. If female and male judges tend to assign different ratings to the same wines, then the gender balances of the judge panels will bias awards. Existing research supports the null hypothesis, however, that finding is based on small sample sizes. This article presents the results for a large sample; 260 wines and 1,736 wine-score observations. Subject to the strong qualification that non-gender-related variation is material, the results affirm that female and male judges do assign about the same ratings to the same wines. The expected value of the difference in their mean ratings is zero. (JEL Classifications: A10, C00, C10, C12, D12)
Social Capital and Entrepreneurship in Emerging Wine Regions
Authors: Franken Jason , Gómez Miguel , Ross R. Brent 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study investigates a hypothesized positive relationship between the number and strength of network ties and the performance of wineries in emerging production regions, which may face different challenges than wineries found in well-established regions. Results corroborate expectations that greater ties to competitors and firms in related tourism food and lodging sectors bolster performance. (JEL Classification: Q130)
Associations between C-reactive protein levels and cognition during the first 6 months after acute psychosis
Authors: Fathian Farivar , Løberg Else-Marie , Gjestad Rolf , Steen Vidar M. , Kroken Rune A. , Jørgensen Hugo A. , Johnsen Erik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveInverse relationships between the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and cognitive performance in acute psychosis have been demonstrated. We aimed to investigate how the serum level and initial change of CRP in acutely admitted patients with psychosis was correlated with cognitive performance during a 6-months follow-up period.MethodsThe study is part of a pragmatic, randomised trial comparing four different second-generation antipsychotic drugs, and consists of 208 acute phase patients recruited at admittance for psychosis. This study reports data for all groups collectively, and does not compare treatment groups. Measurements of CRP and cognitive performance were conducted at baseline (T1) and after 4 weeks on average after inclusion (T2). Cognition was also assessed after 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) of follow-up.ResultsGlobal cognition improved during the follow-up period of 6 months, especially in the T1–T2 interval. The different cognitive subdomains showed different time-dependent profiles of improvement, with memory and attention improving significantly also in the later phases. Reduction of the CRP level during the initial follow-up interval (T1–T2) was associated with increased overall cognitive performance in the T2–T4 interval, but not in the T1–T2 interval. For the cognitive subdomains, we found an inverse association between change in CRP level and verbal abilities (T2–T4 interval), and attention (T2–T3 interval).ConclusionThese findings indicate that initial changes in the serum level of CRP in the acute phase of psychosis may predict cognitive function in later phases of the disease.
Multifaceted disparity approach reveals dinosaur herbivory flourished before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction
Authors: Nordén Klara K. , Stubbs Thomas L. , Prieto-Márquez Albert , Benton Michael J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding temporal patterns in biodiversity is an enduring question in paleontology. Compared with studies of taxonomic diversity, long-term perspectives on ecological diversity are rare, particularly in terrestrial systems. Yet ecological diversity is critical for the maintenance of biodiversity, especially during times of major perturbations. Here, we explore the ecological diversity of Cretaceous herbivorous dinosaurs leading up to the K-Pg extinction, using dental and jaw morphological disparity as a proxy. We test the hypothesis that a decline in ecological diversity could have facilitated their rapid extinction 66 Ma. We apply three disparity metrics that together capture different aspects of morphospace occupation and show how this approach is key to understanding patterns of morphological evolution. We find no evidence of declining disparity in herbivorous dinosaurs as a whole—suggesting that dinosaur ecological diversity remained high during the last 10 Myr of their existence. Clades show different disparity trends through the Cretaceous, but none except sauropods exhibits a long-term decline. Herbivorous dinosaurs show two disparity peaks characterized by different processes; in the Early Cretaceous by expansion in morphospace and in the Campanian by morphospace packing. These trends were only revealed by using a combination of disparity metrics, demonstrating how this approach can offer novel insights into macroevolutionary processes underlying patterns of disparity and ecological diversity.
How Fishy was the Inland Mesolithic? New Data from Friesack, Brandenburg, Germany
Authors: Meadows John , Robson Harry K , Groß Daniel , Hegge Charlotte , Lübke Harald , Schmölcke Ulrich , Terberger Thomas , Gramsch Bernhard 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown that faunal assemblages from Mesolithic sites in inland Northern Europe contain more fish remains than previously thought, but the archaeological and archaeozoological record does not reveal the dietary importance of aquatic species to hunter-gatherer-fishers, even at a societal level. For example, the function of bone points, as hunting weapons or fishing equipment, has long been debated. Moreover, traditional methods provide no indication of variable subsistence practices within a population. For these reasons, paleodietary studies using stable isotope analyses of human remains have become routine. We present radiocarbon (14C) and stable isotope data from nine prehistoric human bones from the Early Mesolithic-Early Neolithic site of Friesack 4, and isotopic data for local terrestrial mammals (elk, red deer, roe deer, wild boar, aurochs, beaver) and freshwater fish (European eel, European perch). The reference data allow individual paleodiets to be reconstructed. Using paleodiet estimates of fish consumption, and modern values for local freshwater reservoir effects, we also calibrate human 14C ages taking into account dietary reservoir effects. Although the number of individuals is small, it is possible to infer a decline in the dietary importance of fish from the Preboreal to the Boreal Mesolithic, and an increase in aquatic resource consumption in the Early Neolithic.
Paediatric tracheostomy tubes: recent developments and our current practice
Authors: Tweedie D J , Cooke J , Stephenson K A , Gupta S L , Pepper C M , Elloy M D , Cochrane L A , Wyatt M E 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveA variety of paediatric tracheostomy tubes are available. This article reviews the tubes in current use at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Evelina London Children's Hospital.MethodsThis paper outlines our current preferences, and the particular indications for different tracheostomy tubes, speaking valves and other attachments.ResultsOur preferred types of tubes have undergone significant design changes. This paper also reports further experience with certain tubes that may be useful in particular circumstances. An updated sizing chart is included for reference purposes.ConclusionThe choice of a paediatric tracheostomy tube remains largely determined by individual clinical requirements. Although we still favour a small range of tubes for use in the majority of our patients, there are circumstances in which other varieties are indicated.
Portable audiometric screening platforms used in low-resource settings: a review
Authors: Jayawardena A , Waller B , Edwards B , Larsen-Reindorf R , Esinam Anomah J , Frimpong B , Gina A , Netterville J , Saunders J , Basura G J 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMillions of people across the world suffer from disabling hearing loss. Appropriate interventions lead to improved speech and language skills, educational advancement, and improved social integration. A major limitation to improving care is identifying those with disabling hearing loss in low-resource countries.ObjectivesThis review article summarises information on currently available hearing screening platforms and technology available from published reports and the authors’ personal experiences of hearing loss identification in low-resource areas of the world. The paper reviews the scope and capabilities of portable hearing screening platforms, including the pros and cons of each technology and how they have been utilised in low-resource environments.ConclusionPortable hearing screening tools are readily available to assess hearing loss in low-resource areas. Each technology has advantages and limitations that should be considered when identifying the optimal methods to assess needs in each country.
The resistance againstTrichinella spiralisinfection induced by primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Chu Ki-Back , Lee Dong-Hun , Kang Hae-Ji , Quan Fu-Shi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman infections withTrichinella spiralisand respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are common, asT. spiralisinfections are re-emerging in various parts of the world and RSV infections remain a threat for infants. Yet, studies investigating the relationship pertaining to the two are severely lacking. In particular, immune response inductionviaRSV andT. spiralisremain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the resistance againstT. spiralisinfection induced upon primary infection with RSV. RSV, notorious for causing severe inflammatory reaction in the lungs, were intranasally infected, followed with aT. spiralisinfection in mice. Our results revealed that primary RSV infection in mice significantly raisedT. spiralis-specific and total IgE, IgG and its subclass antibody responses uponT. spiralischallenge infection (RSV-Ts). Blood eosinophil levels were decreased in RSV-Ts, accompanied with significant increase in both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Antibodies generated against RSV in RSV-infected mice were found to react withT. spiralisexcretory/secretory antigen, showing several bands determined through immunoblotting. RSV-Ts also had a marked reduction ofT. spiralisworm burden in diaphragm. These results indicate that immune responses induced by RSV infection contribute to resistance against subsequentT. spiralisinfection.