bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional disparities in home health care utilization for older adults and their associated factors at the secondary medical area level: A Nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Sun Yu , Sakata Nobuo , Iwagami Masao , Yoshie Satoru , Inokuchi Ryota , Ito Tomoko , Kuroda Naoaki , Hamano Jun , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: November 2024

AimAs aging populations shift health care from hospitals to communities, Japan has implemented policies to promote home health care. This study explored regional differences in home health care recipients among older adults and related factors.MethodsWe used nationwide data from 2020 to describe the proportion of older adults receiving regular home visits and the medical institutions utilized across secondary medical areas: urban, middle and depopulated areas. We examined factors associated with the proportion of patients receiving regular home visits. Exposures included each secondary medical area's medical and long‐term‐care (LTC) resources, adjusted for the older adult population; proportion of single‐person households; and regional factors. We performed a multivariate negative binomial distribution analysis.ResultsA total of 333 secondary medical areas were included. Urban areas had more patients receiving regular home visits, primarily from enhanced home care support clinics/hospitals (HCSCs). Fewer patients received regular home visits in depopulated areas, and conventional HCSCs were more common. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of conventional HCSCs (coefficient, 0.17 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.08 to 0.26]), enhanced HCSCs (coefficient, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.29]) and population density (coefficient, 0.10 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.19]) were positively associated with higher home‐visit rates. Beds in LTC welfare facilities (coefficient, −0.10 [95% CI, −0.19 to −0.01]) and beds in LTC health facilities (coefficient, −0.09 [95% CI, −0.17 to 0.00]) were negatively associated.ConclusionsPolicies to promote home health care have led to high home‐visit rates in urban areas. Medical and LTC resources and regional factors influence disparities. As Japan's population ages, it is crucial to recognize these disparities and develop medical and LTC systems tailored to each region's characteristics. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1350–1361.
Factors Affecting Well‐Being and Work Activity in Italian Dental Hygienists During COVID‐19 Emergency
Authors: Benvenuti Martina , Abbinante Antonella , Agneta Maria Teresa , Bussotti Pietro , Cortesi Viviana , Sangiorgi Sergio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe goal of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID 19 pandemic in terms of work‐related stress on a sample of 424 Italian dental hygienists (rate response 98%). It was tested which factors may influence most the perception of stress among Italian dental hygienists, which coping strategies hygienists adopted, and which protective factors may help them to cope with stress.MethodsData were collected during a phase of moderate improvement of epidemiological conditions in Italy (Summer 2021—from June to September) through an online questionnaire, 424 questionnaires were considered for analysis.ResultsResults show a perception of good satisfaction among participants about their job, although the level of stress perception seems to be significant. They have also a perception of effective risk management in the workplace. The elements that seem to influence mostly work‐related stress levels are associated to (1) repetitive movements and postural changes due to the use of mechanical tools; (2) the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., surgery masks, gloves, etc.); and (3) relations with patients. Results show that participants tend to implement coping strategies such as physical activity and/or spending time with family and/or friends, but it seems that at an organisational level, no systematic measures have been taken.ConclusionsThis study shows some protective factors that may help in coping with work‐related stress, such as support from the dentist, a good work–life balance, role clarity with respect to the operational and professional role, the perception of self‐efficacy at work, good integration into the teamwork and perceived support from colleagues.
Rheological, Thermal and Physicochemical Properties of Bioprocessed Flour From Cowpea, Sorghum and Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato
Authors: Kewuyemi Yusuf Olamide , Chinma Chiemela Enyinnaya , Kesa Hema , Alabi Opeyemi , Amonsou Eric Oscar , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the rheological, physicochemical, and thermal properties of fermented and germinated whole reddish‐brown cowpea, white sorghum and orange‐fleshed sweet potato. Germination substantially reduced the pasting and rheological attributes of flour suspensions compared to the fermentation process. This study observed notable increases in the hot paste, setback, and final viscosities after the fermentation of cowpea and sorghum, indicating an improvement in the ease of cooking and greater retrogradation tendency of starch molecules. Among the fermented flours, sorghum had the highest hot paste viscosity (848 mPa s) and final viscosity (1451 mPa s). The mechanical fingerprint revealed a viscoelastic solid character, with G′ > G″ over the frequency range of 0–10 rad/s for all samples. Temperature sweep data showed a sharp increase in G′ at about 80°C, corresponding to the onset of starch gelatinization. Shear‐thinning behavior was observed, except in germinated and raw sorghum flours, where molecular rearrangement resulted in an initial viscosity rise at a low share rate (< 20 s−1). Differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed a marginal variation in the peak transition temperature of gelatinization (98°C–104°C for all flours except raw sorghum flour, 83.87°C). The fermented sweet potato flour indicated good flour particle flowability expressed as Carr's compressibility index (30.99) and the Hausner ratio (1.45); however, the available reducing sugars could have influenced its high percentage solubility (49.83%), thus impacting low pasting viscosities. The contrasting technological features suggest an avenue to intensify efforts in exploring composite bioprocessed flours for applications in novel foods.
Headspace and Viscosity: Key Factors in the Thermal Processing of Tomato Paste (A CFD Study)
Authors: Dalvi‐Isfahan Mohsen , Mahmoodi‐Eshkaftaki Mahmood 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of headspace conditions (absence of headspace, full air, and full steam) and product viscosity (Brix values of 18 and 28) on the thermal processing of canned tomato paste. The results show that the presence of an air layer within the can's headspace significantly influences the temperature profile and the location of the slowest heating zone (SHZ), without markedly affecting the overall temperature magnitude. The Brix values, which indicate the paste's viscosity, are found to be crucial factors in heat transfer, with lower Brix values promoting convection and higher values favoring conduction. The average velocity for Brix 18 was approximately 10 times higher than that for Brix 28. Among the three main color parameters, the a* index experienced the most significant changes (maximum drop of 67%), while the b* index showed the least variation (maximum drop of 22%) during processing. The time required to reduce the number of bacteria to 10−6 CFU/g at the cold point of tomato paste cans was 28% higher in the product with Brix 18 compared with Brix 28. These findings underscore the importance of considering headspace conditions and product viscosity to optimize thermal processing methods, thereby enhancing the safety and quality of canned tomato products.
Severity and Reaction to Bacterial Spot of Tomato Hybrids For Industrial Processing
Authors: Evangelista Zeuxis Rosa , Vital Roberto Gomes , Ávila Mylla Crysthyan Ribeiro , Mendonça Sara Raquel , Bezerra Ricardo de Souza , Nascimento Abadia dos Reis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe complexity of phytosanitary control for bacterial spot disease is a major challenge in tomato production for industrial processing. The climatic conditions in Goiás and the number of species causing the disease make this management difficult. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the severity and reaction to bacterial leafspot of sixteen tomato hybrids for industrial processing under the Cerrado conditions in Goiás. The experiment was carried out in randomised blocks, with sixteen tomato hybrids for industrial processing with five replicates, in Hidrolândia‐GO. Once the bacterial spot presence in the area was verified, a severity assessment was performed weekly with a diagrammatic scale, totalling five assessments. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. At 115 days after transplanting (DAT), harvesting was performed manually, and vegetative development, yield, number of fruits with Xanthomonas spp. symptoms and scalding by the sun. Bacterial spot symptoms were observed in all hybrids evaluated. Above all, the symptoms observed in the fruits and leaves do not coincide with the hybrid showing the greatest disease severity. The hybrid CVR 6116 had the highest yield, lowest AUDPC and the lowest number of fruits with bacterial‐spot and sunscald damage symptoms.
Multiclass Classification of Tomato Leaf Diseases Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Transfer Learning
Authors: Vivek Anandh K. M. , Sivasubramanian Arrun , Sowmya V. , Ravi Vinayakumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTomato (biological name: Solanum lycopersicum) is an important food crop worldwide. However, due to climatic changes and various diseases, the yield of tomatoes decreased significantly, being detrimental from an economic point of view. Various diseases infect the tomato leaves, such as bacterial and septorial leaf spots, early blight and mosaic virus, to name a few. If uncared, these tomato leaf diseases (TLDs) can spread to other leaves and the fruit. Hence it is vital to detect these diseases as early as possible. Leaf examination is one of the standard techniques to identify and control the spread of diseases. Big Data has made substantial progress, and with the help of computer vision and deep learning techniques to analyse data, we can identify the diseased leaves and help control the disease's spread further. This study used three lightweight midgeneration convolutional neural networks (CNNs) classification network architectures which has the scope to be deployed in IoT devices to help the agricultural community tackle TLDs. It also shows the efficacy of the models with and without geometric data augmentation. The model was trained on a Kaggle data set containing a more significant number of samples to make a robust model aware of broader data distribution and validated on the Plant Village dataset to test its efficacy. The results show that applying transfer learning using ImageNet weights to the MobileNet Architecture using geometrically augmented sample images yields a train and test accuracy of 99.71% and 99.49%, respectively.
Web scraping: Jurisprudence and legal doctrines
Authors: Fontana Avv. Gino 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWeb scraping is a technique that allows the extraction of online information and data to train Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) systems. Although the use of deep learning algorithms to produce user‐requested outputs (texts, images, music and code) based on models learned from vast data sets dates back a few decades, its use has become fundamental with the recent development of GenAI and has been accompanied by the emergence of the first legal disputes. Doctrine and jurisprudence are called upon to consider the legal consequences arising from the combination of web scraping and GenAI, often encountering inadequate and fragmented legislation. Laws and regulations vary significantly across different countries and regions, reflecting diverse priorities and legal approaches. However, while doctrine, regardless of the latitudes, agrees in condemning the illicit acts and abuses due not so much to the extraction method but to the use of the extracted data (where protected by intellectual property rights), jurisprudence (particularly in Europe and North America) has already had the opportunity to express divergent opinions in some leading cases.
ZmHSFA2B self‐regulatory loop is critical for heat tolerance in maize
Authors: Song Nannan , Wang Jing , Qin Qianqian , Su Anqi , Cheng Yifeng , Si Weina , Cheng Beijiu , Fan Jun , Jiang Haiyang 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) are significantly impeded by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) play crucial roles in enabling plants to detect and respond to elevated temperatures. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the responses of HSFs to heat stress in maize remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of ZmHSFA2B in regulating heat tolerance in maize. Here, we report that ZmHSFA2B has two splicing variants, ZmHSFA2B‐I and ZmHSFA2B‐II. ZmHSFA2B‐I encodes full‐length ZmHSFA2B (ZmHSFA2B‐I), whereas ZmHSFA2B‐II encodes a truncated ZmHSFA2B (ZmHSFA2B‐II). Overexpression of ZmHSFA2B‐I improved heat tolerance in maize and Arabidopsis thaliana, but it also resulted in growth retardation as a side effect. RNA‐sequencing and CUT&Tag analyses identified ZmMBR1 as a putative target of ZmHSFA2B‐I. Overexpression of ZmMBR1 also enhanced heat tolerance in Arabidopsis. ZmHSFA2B‐II was primarily synthesized in response to heat stress and competitively interacted with ZmHSFA2B‐I. This interaction consequently reduced the DNA‐binding activities of ZmHSFA2B‐I homodimers to the promoter of ZmMBR1. Subsequent investigations indicate that ZmHSFA2B‐II limits the transactivation and tempers the function of ZmHSFA2B‐I, thereby reducing the adverse effects of excessive ZmHSFA2B‐I accumulation. Based on these observations, we propose that the alternative splicing of ZmHSFA2B generates a self‐regulatory loop that fine‐tunes heat stress response in maize.
ZmCCD8 regulates sugar and amino acid accumulation in maize kernels via strigolactone signalling
Authors: Zhong Yanting , Wang Yongqi , Pan Xiaoying , Wang Ruifeng , Li Dongdong , Ren Wei , Hao Ziyi , Shi Xionggao , Guo Jingyu , Ramarojaona Elia , Schilder Mario , Bouwmeester Harro , Chen Limei , Yu Peng , Yan Jijun , Chu Jinfang , Xu Yanjun , Liu Wenxin , Dong Zhaobin , Wang Yi , Zhang Xiaolan , Zhang Fusuo , Li Xuexian 
Published: November 2024

SummaryHow carbon (sucrose) and nitrogen (amino acid) accumulation is coordinatively controlled in cereal grains remains largely enigmatic. We found that overexpression of the strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis gene CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 (CCD8) resulted in greater ear diameter and enhanced sucrose and amino acid accumulation in maize kernels. Loss of ZmCCD8 function reduced kernel growth with lower sugar and amino acid concentrations. Transcriptomic analysis showed down‐regulation of the transcription factors ZmMYB42 and ZmMYB63 in ZmCCD8 overexpression alleles and up‐regulation in zmccd8 null alleles. Importantly, ZmMYB42 and ZmMYB63 were negatively regulated by the SL signalling component UNBRANCHED 3, and repressed expression of the sucrose transporters ZmSWEET10 and ZmSWEET13c and the lysine/histidine transporter ZmLHT14. Consequently, null alleles of ZmMYB42 or ZmMYB63 promoted accumulation of soluble sugars and free amino acids in maize kernels, whereas ZmLHT14 overexpression enhanced amino acid accumulation in kernels. Moreover, overexpression of the SL receptor DWARF 14B resulted in more sucrose and amino acid accumulation in kernels, down‐regulation of ZmMYB42 and ZmMYB63 expression, and up‐regulation of ZmSWEETs and ZmLHT14 transcription. Together, we uncover a distinct SL signalling pathway that regulates sucrose and amino acid accumulation in kernels. Significant association of two SNPs in the 5′ upstream region of ZmCCD8 with ear and cob diameter implicates its potential in breeding toward higher yield and nitrogen efficiency.
Neonatal Miliaria Pustulosa—A Case Series
Authors: Keller Goff Gabrielle , Stein Sarah L. , Rosenblatt Adena E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesMiliaria pustulosa is a noninfectious, transient skin eruption of pustules overlying erythematous plaques secondary to obstruction of eccrine glands. There are very few case reports in the literature detailing miliaria pustulosa in neonates. When presenting in neonates, its similarity to life‐threatening infections may cause diagnostic confusion. By differentiating this condition from similar presentations, unnecessary treatments and tests in this population may be avoided.MethodsRetrospective review of the medical records of nine neonates presenting with a pustular eruption diagnosed as miliaria pustulosa. Patients were seen at a children's hospital in Chicago, IL, USA; cases were selected by investigator recall.ResultsIn this case series, miliaria pustulosa presents in nine neonates as clusters of eruptive pustules with resolution or significant improvement noted after an average of 2.6 days (range 1–5 days). The average age was 4.6 days (range 1–10 days old) and the average gestational age was 34.7 weeks (range 26.3–40.1 weeks). All patients had pustular outbreaks in areas occluded by swaddling, clothes, or adhesive. Seven patients had geometric lesions that were underlying sites of intravenous (IV) site adhesive or electrocardiogram (EKG) leads.ConclusionsThe consistent morphological features of this pustular eruption at sites of skin occlusion and the transient course in the setting of an otherwise well‐appearing infant are strongly suggestive of the diagnosis of miliaria pustulosa. It is important for clinicians to be familiar with this benign presentation and to differentiate it from other neonatal pustular eruptions to minimize invasive tests and treatments in this vulnerable population.
SUPERPOSITION OF GRAMMATICAL AND STATISTICAL LEARNING IN A SECOND LANGUAGE: AN EYE‐TRACKING STUDY
Authors: Rastelli Stefano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, data from an eye‐tracking study on auxiliary selection in L2 Italian are reported. The data suggest that learners of Italian over time and with increasing experience can process the same compound past verbs in two apparently commutable ways within the same experimental session. One way is statistical (centered on the lexical part of the verb, the past participle), and the other is grammatical (centered on the auxiliary). The results also indicate that L2 learners – with increasing proficiency – can alternate statistical and grammatical representations and processing routes for the same phenomenon within the array of a single sentence, as native speakers do.
The Geometry and Dynamics of Meaning
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn enigma for human languages is that children learn to understand words in their mother tongue extremely fast. The cognitive sciences have not been able to fully understand the mechanisms behind this highly efficient learning process. In order to provide at least a partial answer to this problem, I have developed a cognitive model of the semantics of natural language in terms of conceptual spaces. I present a background to conceptual spaces and provide a brief summary of their main features, in particular how it handles learning of concepts. I then apply the model to give a geometric account of the semantics of different word classes. In particular, I propose a “single‐domain hypotheses” for the semantics of all word classes except nouns. These hypotheses provide a partial answer to the enigma of how words are learned. Next, a dynamic cognitive model of events is introduced that replaces and extends the function of thematic roles. I apply it to analyze the meanings of different kinds of verbs. I argue that the model also explains some aspects of syntactic structure. In particular, I propose that a sentence typically refers to an event. Some further applications of conceptual spaces are briefly presented.
Modality Matters: Evidence for the Benefits of Speech‐Based Adaptive Retrieval Practice in Learners with Dyslexia
Authors: Wilschut Thomas , Sense Florian , van Rijn Hedderik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRetrieval practice—the process of actively calling information to mind rather than passively studying materials—has been proven to be a highly effective learning strategy. However, only recently, researchers have started to examine differences between learners in terms of the optimal conditions of retrieval practice in applied educational settings. In this study (N = 118), we focus on learners with dyslexia. We compare their performance to the performance of typical learners in an adaptive retrieval practice task using both typing‐based and speech‐based response conditions. We find that typical learners outperform learners with dyslexia when they are asked to respond by typing, but that this difference disappears when learners respond by speech. Using a mathematical model to decompose response times, we demonstrate that this typing‐specific disadvantage in learners with dyslexia is mainly a consequence of processing delays, rather than poorer memory performance. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying declarative learning in dyslexia, and they can be used to tailor educational technology toward the needs of neurodiverse learners.
SlSPA3 regulates the nuclear abundance of SlUVR8 in tomato
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Liu Yue , Zhang Chunli , Xu Dawei , Medina‐Fraga Ana L. , Wu Baoguo , Guo Chenyang , Wangzha MeLongying , Yang Guoqian , Zhu Danmeng , Weiss David , Ballaré Carlos L. , Lin Li , Yin Ruohe 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important model plant species in photomorphogenesis research. Ultraviolet B (UV‐B) induces the dissociation of homodimers of the photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) into monomers, which translocate into the nucleus. Nuclear accumulation of UVR8 is a prerequisite for its signaling function. Previous studies have reported that SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME A‐105 (SPA) family members may regulate UV‐B signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that the tomato genome encodes four SPA (SlSPA) orthologs. Genome‐edited Slspa3 mutants exhibited enhanced photomorphogenic responses in white light, suggesting that SlSPA3 inhibits general photomorphogenesis. By contrast, UVR8‐mediated gene expression in response to UV‐B was compromised in Slspa3 mutants, suggesting that SlSPA3 promotes UV‐B signaling. UV‐B‐induced nuclear accumulation of UVR8, which is essential for UV‐B signaling, was reduced in the Slspa3 mutants. Moreover, UV‐B‐induced nuclear accumulation of UVR8 was also reduced in the Arabidopsis spa1 spa2 spa3 and spa1 spa2 spa4 triple mutants, indicating a conserved mechanism in these two species. Notably, spa1 spa2 spa4 exhibited normal UV‐B‐induced interaction between UVR8 and the plant morphogenesis repressor CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1). This suggests that the well‐established mechanisms of UVR8 nuclear retention remained unaffected in spa1 spa2 spa4. Thus, our work uncovered a potentially unrecognized mechanism by which SPA proteins regulate UV‐B signaling through the promotion of UVR8 nuclear abundance in land plants.