bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Gene Expression along the Glycolysis–Cholesterol Synthesis Axis Is Associated with Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Karasinska Joanna M. , Topham James T. , Kalloger Steve E. , Jang Gun Ho , Denroche Robert E. , Culibrk Luka , Williamson Laura M. , Wong Hui-Li , Lee Michael K.C. , O'Kane Grainne M. , Moore Richard A. , Mungall Andrew J. , Moore Malcolm J. , Warren Cassia , Metcalfe Andrew , Notta Faiyaz , Knox Jennifer J. , Gallinger Steven , Laskin Janessa , Marra Marco A. , Jones Steven J.M. , Renouf Daniel J. , Schaeffer David F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Identification of clinically actionable molecular subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is key to improving patient outcome. Intertumoral metabolic heterogeneity contributes to cancer survival and the balance between distinct metabolic pathways may influence PDAC outcome. We hypothesized that PDAC can be stratified into prognostic metabolic subgroups based on alterations in the expression of genes involved in glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis.

Experimental Design:
We performed bioinformatics analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data in an integrated cohort of 325 resectable and nonresectable PDAC. The resectable datasets included retrospective The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohorts. The nonresectable PDAC cohort studies included prospective COMPASS, PanGen, and BC Cancer Personalized OncoGenomics program (POG).

Results:
On the basis of the median normalized expression of glycolytic and cholesterogenic genes, four subgroups were identified: quiescent, glycolytic, cholesterogenic, and mixed. Glycolytic tumors were associated with the shortest median survival in resectable (log-rank test P = 0.018) and metastatic settings (log-rank test P = 0.027). Patients with cholesterogenic tumors had the longest median survival. KRAS and MYC-amplified tumors had higher expression of glycolytic genes than tumors with normal or lost copies of the oncogenes (Wilcoxon rank sum test P = 0.015). Glycolytic tumors had the lowest expression of mitochondrial pyruvate carriers MPC1 and MPC2. Glycolytic and cholesterogenic gene expression correlated with the expression of prognostic PDAC subtype classifier genes.

Conclusions:
Metabolic classification specific to glycolytic and cholesterogenic pathways provides novel biological insight into previously established PDAC subtypes and may help develop personalized therapies targeting unique tumor metabolic profiles.
See related commentary by Mehla and Singh, p. 6
Fluorescence Lifetime-Based Tumor Contrast Enhancement Using an EGFR Antibody–Labeled Near-Infrared Fluorophore
Authors: Pal Rahul , Kang Homan , Choi Hak Soo , Kumar Anand T.N. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Imaging techniques for highly specific detection of cancer cells in vivo can have applications ranging from preclinical drug discovery studies to clinical cancer diagnosis and surgical therapy. Although fluorescence imaging using cancer-targeted antibodies has shown promise, nonspecific probe accumulation in tissue results in significant background fluorescence, reducing detection sensitivity using traditional intensity–based continuous-wave (CW) fluorescence imaging. Here we demonstrate that fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging can provide significant tumor contrast enhancement over CW intensity in preclinical models of human breast cancer.

Experimental Design:
Mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors were injected with anti-EGFR antibody conjugated to the fluorescent dye IRDye 800CW (anti-EGFR-800). Time domain fluorescence imaging was performed in vivo and in situ up to 48 hours after dye injection.

Results:
Mice injected with anti-EGFR-800 showed a significantly longer FLT (0.7 ± 0.03 ns) compared with the FLT of nonspecific probe uptake in liver (0.63 ± 0.05 ns), providing a dramatic improvement in sensitivity and specificity compared with CW intensity. IgG antibody–conjugated IRDye 800CW did not show an increased FLT compared with normal tissue, suggesting that the FLT increase of anti-EGFR-800 in tumors was associated with receptor expression. Using serial surgery, we show that FLT allows the detection of smaller residual tumors in the surgical bed than possible using CW intensity.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that FLT can significantly enhance tumor contrast using fluorescently labeled antibodies, thereby accelerating the efficient clinical application of these probes for margin assessment in image-guided surgery and for highly specific detection of tumor receptors in vivo.
Low Educational Attainment is a Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kelli Heval M. , Mehta Anurag , Tahhan Ayman S. , Liu Chang , Kim Jeong Hwan , Dong Tiffany A. , Dhindsa Devinder S. , Ghazzal Bahjat , Choudhary Muaaz K. , Sandesara Pratik B. , Hayek Salim S. , Topel Matthew L. , Alkhoder Ayman A. , Martini Mohamed A. , Sidoti Arianna , Ko Yi‐An , Lewis Tene T. , Vaccarino Viola , Sperling Laurence S. , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: September 2019

Background

Educational attainment is an indicator of socioeconomic status and is inversely associated with coronary artery disease risk. Whether educational attainment level (
EAL
) among patients with coronary artery disease influences outcomes remains understudied.

Methods and Results

Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization had their highest
EAL
assessed using options of elementary/middle school, high school, college, or graduate education. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality and secondary outcomes were a composite of cardiovascular death/non‐fatal myocardial infarction and non‐fatal myocardial infarction during follow‐up. Cox models adjusted for clinically relevant confounders were used to analyze the association of
EAL
with outcomes. Among 6318 patients (63.5 years, 63% men, 23% black) enrolled, 16%, 42%, 38%, and 4% had received graduate or higher, college, high school, and elementary/middle school education, respectively. During 4.2 median years of follow‐up, there were 1066 all‐cause deaths, 812 cardiovascular deaths/non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and 276 non‐fatal myocardial infarction. Compared with patients with graduate education, those in lower
EAL
categories (elementary/middle school, high school, or college education) had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratios 1.52 [95%
CI
1.11–2.09]; 1.43 [95%
CI
1.17–1.73]; and 95%
CI
1.26 [1.03–1.53], respectively). Similar findings were observed for secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

Low educational attainment is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing angiographic coronary artery disease evaluation. The utility of incorporating
EAL
into risk assessment algorithms and the causal link between low
EAL
and adverse outcomes in this high‐risk patient population need further investigation.
Intelligent Wind Retrieval from Chinese Gaofen-3 SAR Imagery in Quad Polarization
Authors: Shao Weizeng , Zhu Shuai , Zhang Xiaopeng , Gou Shuiping , Jiao Changzhe , Yuan Xinzhe , Zhao Liangbo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study proposes the use of the artificial neural network for wind retrieval with ChineseGaofen-3(GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. More than 10 000 images acquired in wave mode and quad-polarization strip map were collected over global seas throughout the 2-yr mission. TheGF-3operated in a quad-polarization channel—vertical–vertical (VV), vertical–horizontal (VH), horizontal–horizontal (HH), and horizontal–vertical (HV). These images were collocated with winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts at a 0.125° grid. The newly released wind retrieval algorithm for copolarization (VV and HH) SAR included CMOD7 and C-SARMOD2. We developed an algorithm based on an artificial neural network method using the SAR-measured normalized radar cross section at quad-polarization channels, herein named QPWIND_GF. Simulations using the QPWIND_GF showed that the correlation coefficient of wind speed was 0.94. We then validated the retrieval wind speeds against the measurements at a 0.25° grid from the Advanced Scatterometer. A comparison showed that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of wind speed was 0.74 m s−1, which was better than the wind speed obtained using state-of-the-art methods—including, for example, CMOD7 (RMSE 0.88 m s−1) and C-SARMOD2 (RMSE 1.98 m s−1). The finding indicated that the accuracy of wind retrieval fromGF-3SAR images was significantly improved. Our work demonstrates the advanced feasibility of an artificial neural network method for SAR marine applications.
The effects of ethnic identity and acculturation in mental health of immigrants: A literature review
Authors: Balidemaj Albina , Small Mark 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this literature review was to highlight the studies on mental health in relation to acculturation and ethnic identity and to identify research gaps. The results can be used to help inform future immigrant mental health workers and policy makers as well as provide information about the implications of immigrant mental health. Methods: The literature search was conducted electronically, directed by a variety of key words. The search focused on five areas of immigrant mental health importance: (1) acculturation; (2) acculturation and mental health; (3) ethnic identity; (4) ethnic identity and mental health; and (5) acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health. A total of 171 articles were examined and 110 were included in the review. Results: The information is presented in the following categories: acculturation; acculturation and mental health; ethnic identity; ethnic identity and mental health; and acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health. Research gaps are also presented. Conclusion: Overall, literature shows that acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health are closely related to one another affecting both, individuals and communities. This literature review will help to better inform practitioners who may encounter immigrants experiencing mental health issues due to acculturation and ethnic identity pressure. This review may also help policy makers identify specific obstacles that are not addressed in immigration policies which can affect the implementation of these policies. In addition, the information presented can be used as an instrument for researchers in the field. Despite the limited amount of information about immigrant mental health challenges, much work remains to fully support the affected individuals and their families.
Physical activity and mental health in India: A narrative review
Authors: Cherubal Aishwarya Gonzalez , Suhavana Balasubramanian , Padmavati Ramachandran , Raghavan Vijaya 
Published: September 2019

Background: Apart from its evident impact on physical health, physical activity also has a role to play in mental health. Individuals engaged in physical inactivity have been found to have higher morbidity and health care expenditure. In order to combat these issues and preserve mental health, interventions of exercise are typically advocated. This review aimed to assess the benefits of physical activity on common and severe mental disorders in the Indian context. Materials and methods: A Boolean search was carried out using both relevant keywords and MeSH terms. Articles were sourced from online databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Database, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. All studies included in the review were peer-reviewed articles exclusively from India with Indian subjects reporting the relationship between physical activity and at least one mental health outcome including depression, anxiety, psychosis, stress, self-esteem and cognitive functioning. Results: Nineteen articles were found eligible for the narrative review. Out of these, 7 were cross-sectional studies and 12 were intervention studies. Conclusion: Existing literature from India has shown promising results towards the impact of physical activity in mental health disorders. However, more research is needed in the assessment of physical activity and physical activity interventions suitable to the Indian context. This review found that exercise and yoga are effective in reducing mean scores for both severe and common mental disorders. Yoga had a more significant impact on patients with schizophrenia than exercise or no intervention. To confirm that exercise is an effective add-on treatment, further research is required.
Longitudinal Weight Outcomes From a Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention in Clinical Practice
Authors: Romanelli Robert J. , Huang Hsiao-Ching , Chopra Vidita , Ma Jun , Venditti Elizabeth M. , Sudat Sylvia , Greenwood Deborah A. , Pressman Alice R. , Azar Kristen M. J. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose The purpose of this electronic health record (EHR)–based retrospective cohort study was to characterize a population of patients participating in a 12-month, lifestyle change program in a community-based health system and to examine longitudinal weight outcomes. Methods Program participants were identified in the EHRs of a health care delivery system across 18 sites between 2010 and 2017. Outcomes were mean weight change and proportion of patients with ≥5% weight loss through 24 months from program initiation. Results Among 4463 program participants, 3156 met study eligibility criteria, with a mean ± SD age of 53.5 ± 13.1 years; 77.7% were women. Mean baseline weight ± SD was 101.3 ± 23.8 kg. Three main cardiometabolic risk groups were identified: prediabetes/high risk for diabetes (47.3%), overweight/obese in the absence of elevated diabetes risk (27.2%), and existing diabetes (23.9%). Maximal mean weight loss was 3.9% at 6 months from baseline. At 12 and 24 months from baseline, mean weight loss was 3.2% and 2.3%, respectively, with 31% and 29% of participants attaining ≥5% weight loss. Long-term weight outcomes were similar across risk groups. Conclusions A lifestyle change program in a clinical practice setting is associated with modest weight loss, sustained through 24 months, among participants with a range of cardiometabolic risk factors. More than one-quarter of participants achieve ≥5% weight loss, regardless of cardiometabolic risk.
Esophageal Transit Times Vary with Underlying Comorbid Disease
Authors: Miles Anna , Bennett Kirany , Allen Jacqui 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesLittle is known about esophageal transit times (ETT) in relation to underlying comorbid disease or aspiration risk. Our study evaluated liquid ETT in patients relative to underlying comorbid disease and compared this with ETT in healthy adults. We examined whether prolonged ETT was associated with swallow risk.Study DesignProspective observational study.SettingRadiology department.SubjectsPatients included those referred to speech pathology for a videofluoroscopic study of swallowing (VFSS) within a tertiary hospital.MethodsA total of 617 patients (49% female; mean ± SD age, 77 ± 15 years) and 139 healthy adults (56% female; age, 59 ± 22 years) were included. All patients underwent a standardized VFSS with esophageal screening. Patients were categorized by chief underlying disorder: previous stroke (n = 207), other neurologic condition (n = 188), respiratory conditions (n = 91), or gastroenterology conditions (n = 131). All VFSSs were analyzed with objective measures. ETT and penetration‐aspiration scores were compared between groups.ResultsAdvancing age was significantly associated with increased ETT (P <. 05). When controlling for age, mean 20‐mL ETT remained significantly different across groups: healthy adults, 11 seconds; stroke, 17 seconds; other neurologic condition, 15 seconds; gastroenterology, 14 seconds; and respiratory, 9 seconds (P <. 001). One‐third of patients aspirated; no healthy adults aspirated. Increasing ETT was associated with aspiration events (P <. 001).ConclusionsLiquid ETTs differ among patients with different underlying primary diagnoses. Patients following stroke show significantly prolonged ETT and increased risk of aspiration. Prolonged ETT may influence symptom complaint and warrants consideration.
A Case Series of Successful Repair of Articular Cartilage Fragments in the Knee
Authors: Churchill Jessica L. , Krych Aaron J. , Lemos Mark J. , Redd Morganne , Bonner Kevin F. 
Published: September 2019

Background: It is unclear whether chondral fragments without bone have the potential to heal after fixation. Controversy exists and opinions differ regarding the optimal treatment of chondral defects after pure chondral fracture. Purpose: To determine clinical and radiographic outcomes after internal fixation of traumatic chondral fragments repaired to bone in the knee. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective clinical and radiographic evaluation of 10 male patients with a mean age of 14.6 years (range, 10-25 years) at the time of surgery was performed. Eight of 10 patients were skeletally immature. Patients were selected by operating surgeons per the presence of a large displaced pure chondral fragment on magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed on intraoperative inspection. All patients had a diagnosed traumatic displaced pure chondral fracture of the knee (without bone) and underwent internal fixation with minimum 1-year follow-up. Validated patient-reported and surgeon-measured outcomes were collected pre- and postoperatively. All patients were evaluated at a mean 56 months postoperatively. Results: At surgery, the mean defect size that was primarily repaired with the displaced chondral fragment was 1.9 × 2.0 cm. With minimum 1-year follow-up, there were no clinical failures. All 8 patients who had subsequent magnetic resonance imaging follow-up had radiographic evidence of complete healing of the chondral fragment back to bone. At a mean follow-up of 56 months (range, 13-171 months; median, 36 months), patients had a mean International Knee Documentation Committee score of 94.74 (range, 87.4-100), a mean Marx Activity Scale score of 14.4 (range, 8-16), and a mean Tegner Activity Scale score of 7 (range, 5-9). At final follow-up, all patients except 1 returned to sports. Conclusion: The treatment of large traumatic chondral fragments is controversial. In this select series of 10 young patients who underwent primary repair with internal fixation, there were no failures clinically. Patients demonstrated excellent short-term clinical and radiographic results after fixation of these relatively large chondral fragments in the knee.
Unsafe nursing documentation: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Tajabadi Ali , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Sadooghi Asl Afsaneh , Vaismoradi Mojtaba 
Published: September 2019

Background Nursing documentation as a pivotal part of nursing care has many implications for patient care in terms of safety and ethics. Objectives To explore factors influencing nursing documentation from nurses’ perspectives in the Iranian nursing context. Methods This qualitative study was carried out using a qualitative content analysis of data collected from 2018 to 2019 in two urban areas of Iran. Semi-structured interviews (n = 15), observations, and reviews of patients’ medical files were used for data collection. Ethical considerations This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of research and regulations in terms of confidentiality of data, anonymity, and provision of informed consent. Findings The main theme of this study was “unsafe documentation.” Two categories, “types of errors in reporting” and “reasons of errors in reporting,” and 12 subcategories were developed indicating factors influencing nursing documentation in the Iranian nursing context. Conclusion In general, individual, organizational, and national factors affected nursing documentation in Iran. In this respect, hiring more nurses, application of reforms in the healthcare management structure, devising appropriate regulations regarding division of labor, constant education of healthcare staff, establishment of clinical governance, improvement of interpersonal relationships, development of hardware and software techniques for documentation, and provision of support should be done to improve the quality of nursing documentation. The above-mentioned suggestions can help nurses with a safe, ethical, lawful, and reliable documentation in nursing practice.
Initial treatment for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Ranibizumab combined with photodynamic therapy or fixed-dosing aflibercept monotherapy
Authors: Yoneda Ai , Wakiyama Harumi , Kurihara Junko , Kitaoka Takashi 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To compare the 2-year outcomes of combination therapy using intravitreal ranibizumab and photodynamic therapy with those of fixed-dosing intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy as initial treatment for treatment-naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 63 eyes of 61 patients with treatment-naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy who had undergone at least 24 months of follow-up. In total, 43 eyes underwent intravitreal ranibizumab–photodynamic therapy combination therapy and 20 eyes underwent fixed-dosing intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy. Visual outcomes and the number of treatments were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved from 0.48 ± 0.41 at baseline to 0.30 ± 0.47 at 24 months in the intravitreal ranibizumab–photodynamic therapy group ( p = .0002) and from 0.30 ± 0.18 at baseline to 0.16 ± 0.18 at 24 months in the intravitreal aflibercept group ( p = .004), with no significant intergroup differences. The mean number of intravitreal ranibizumab or intravitreal aflibercept injections over 24 months was 5.7 ± 4.5 in the intravitreal ranibizumab–photodynamic therapy group and 12.2 ± 3.8 in the intravitreal aflibercept group ( p < .0001). Conclusion: The intravitreal ranibizumab–photodynamic therapy combination therapy was noninferior to fixed-dosing intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy in improving visual acuity and required fewer injections.