bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome Microdissection on Semi‐Archived Material
Authors: Al‐Rikabi Ahmed B. Hamid , Cioffi Marcelo de Bello , Liehr Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlass needle‐based chromosome microdissection (midi) is a standard approach developed in the 1980s and remains more frequently applied in testing than the comparable technique using laser‐based platforms. As the amount of DNA extracted by this technique is minimal and often in the range of picograms, the isolated DNA must be further amplified prior to use; the isolated amplified product can be readily utilized in multiple molecular research and diagnostic investigation. DNA libraries created by midi are either chromosome‐ or chromosome‐region‐specific. However, a critical component to this process is the need for timely chromosome preparation via the air‐drying method not to exceed a ~2–3 h before midi is performed. Failure of this time‐sensitive step often results in the chromosomes drying out after dropping, and upon initiation of the midi technique, the dissected material can jump away while touching by the needle, and collection of a suitable sample is inhibited. Herein, we demonstrate with a simple adaptation of the standard procedure, midi can be performed on semi‐archived material stored for longer periods at −20°C. Thus, the critical step to obtain well‐spread chromosome preparations can be completed under established conditions, for example, in the primary laboratory, stored at −20°C, and sent directly to specialized reference laboratories offering midi. In our study, we were able to obtain high‐quality DNA libraries, as verified by gel electrophoreses and reverse fluorescence in situ hybridization, via midi extracted chromosome spreads derived from human, fish, snake, lampbrush, and insect stored for up to 6 months. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
A Method for Analyzing Fatty Acids in Cattle Hair, with Special Emphasis on Lauric Acid and Myristic Acid
Authors: Möller Ramona , Nürnberg Gerd , Albrecht Elke , Ruth Wolfgang , Brockmann Gudrun A. , Dannenberger Dirk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study is aimed at improving a protocol for measuring fatty acids in cattle hair with respect to sensitivity, repeatability, and speed to increase its applicability as a biomarker. For the investigation, 14 hair samples from German Holstein cows are used. Alternative methods for grinding the hair (mortar vs mill), lipid extraction (modified Folch vs kit extraction), and solvent evaporation before injection on a gas chromatograph (evaporated vs unevaporated extracts) are tested. Hair ground with a mill compared to that with a mortar has smaller particles and a higher concentration of total lipids after extraction (p < 0.02). The kit used for lipid extraction is faster, and the amount of extracted total lipids and individual fatty acids, especially C12:0, is increased (p = 0.001). The analysis of unevaporated methyl ester extracts using gas chromatography (GC) analysis yields 5.8 and 1.3 higher amounts of C10:0 and C12:0, respectively, than those of evaporated extracts (p < 0.001). According to the results, the protocol for determining fatty acids in cattle hair can be improved by grinding the hair with a mill, extraction of lipids with a kit, and direct loading of methyl ester extracts in a gas chromatograph.Practical Applications: The fatty acid profile of hair reflects the metabolic status of an animal for the previous 1–3 weeks, as these fatty acids are not influenced by diurnal and short‐term fluctuations. An improved protocol is developed that increases the throughput of fatty acid analysis and improves its applicability for practical use. For breeding and animal welfare, the analysis of cattle hair is possible for more efficient evaluation of the hair fatty acid profile as a robust biomarker in a larger animal population.
Effects of Astragaloside IV on treatment of breast cancer cells execute possibly through regulation of Nrf2 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Qing , Yao Chang , Bian Wei‐He , Chen Xu , Xue Jing‐Xian , Zhu Zhi‐Yuan , Ying Yu , Xu Yan Lei , Wang Cong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has from ancient times been applied in China for the treatment of breast cancer with its own unique theoretical system. Sanhuang decoction composed of astragalus membranaceus, prepared rhubarb, and rhizoma curcumae longae has traditionally been used for antioxidant stress, inflammatory reaction, and angiogenesis. However, the role and mechanism of Sanhuang decoction in breast cancer remains unknown. The present study demonstrated the antitumor activity of Sanhuang decoction against breast cancer xenografts in nude mice. Notably, Sanhuang decoction promoted severe necrosis and induced cell death. In addition, Sanhuang decoction obviously regulated the inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite these, Sanhuang decoction could increase the expression of Nrf2. Moreover, si‐Nrf2 exhibited the opposite effects compared with the Sanhuang decoction treatment group and reversed the antibreast cancer role of Sanhuang decoction. Further, Sanhuang decoction remarkably suppressed the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, Sanhuang decoction was firstly evaluated to possess potent antibreast cancer effect in vivo through regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress accomplished by up‐regulation of Nrf2 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and Sanhuang decoction might be a powerful candidate formula for antibreast cancer.
Mapping hemispheric asymmetries of the macaque cerebral cortex during early brain development
Authors: Xia Jing , Wang Fan , Wu Zhengwang , Wang Li , Zhang Caiming , Shen Dinggang , Li Gang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudying cortical hemispheric asymmetries during the dynamic early postnatal stages in macaque monkeys (with close phylogenetic relationship to humans) would increase our limited understanding on the possible origins, developmental trajectories, and evolutional mechanisms of brain asymmetries in nonhuman primates, but remains a blind spot to the community. Via cortical surface‐based morphometry, we comprehensively analyze hemispheric structural asymmetries in 134 longitudinal MRI scans from birth to 20 months of age from 32 healthy macaque monkeys. We reveal that most clusters of hemispheric asymmetries of cortical properties, such as surface area, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and vertex positions, expand in the first 4 months of life, and evolve only moderately thereafter. Prominent hemispheric asymmetries are found at the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, posterior temporal cortex, superior temporal gyrus (STG), superior temporal sulcus (STS), and cingulate cortex. Specifically, the left planum temporale and left STG consistently have larger area and thicker cortices than those on the right hemisphere, while the right STS, right cingulate cortex, and right anterior insula are consistently deeper than the left ones, partially consistent with the findings in human infants and adults. Our results thus provide a valuable reference in studying early brain development and evolution.
Phenotypic association of presence of a somatic GNAQ mutation with port‐wine stain distribution in capillary malformation
Authors: Lee Kyeong‐Tae , Park Jong Eun , Eom Yeseul , Lim Ha Seong , Ki Chang‐Seok , Lim So Young 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundA somatic mutation of GNAQ (c.548G>A, p.Arg183Gln) plays a key role in capillary malformation development. The present study aimed to evaluate clinical manifestations of port‐win stain (PWS) associated with this genetic mutation.MethodsSkin tissue was obtained from 70 patients with capillary malformation who had been treated with excision for lesions. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the abundance of cells with the GNAQ mutation.ResultsThe GNAQ mutation was found in 50 patients. Patients with lesions involving upper facial region, which included forehead, eyebrow, and upper eyelid, showed a significantly higher rate of positive GNAQ mutation than those not involving it. Cases with facial PWS involving all three facial regions (upper, middle, and lower) showed significantly higher positive rate of GNAQ mutation compared to those involving one or two.ConclusionsPresence of the somatic mutation GNAQ p.Arg183Gln might be associated with clinical manifestations of PWS.
Regeneration of the cell mass in larvae of temnopleurid sea urchins
Authors: Kasahara Mami , Kobayashi Chiaki , Yamanaka Akira , Kitazawa Chisato 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMechanisms of cell mass (CM) formation were analyzed by microsurgery in two temnopleurid sea urchins, Mespilia globulus and Temnopleurus toreumaticus. The CM in temnopleurids is formed at the early larval stage from the left ectodermal invagination, and with the hydrocoel derived from the mesoderm, forms an adult rudiment. After serial removal of the CM, it was strongly regenerated until its attachment to the hydrocoel, with the same timing as in control larvae. Embryos that had the tip of the archenteron or the coelomic pouches removed formed a CM in the normal manner. Removal of the CM plus the left somatocoel or the hydrocoel allowed CM regeneration with and without adult rudiment formation. A transplanted CM enlarged autonomously but did not contribute to adult rudiment formation, and larvae formed a new CM. Our observations suggest that the hydrocoel recognizes its distance from the CM to induce the growth of the CM and controls the normal timing of adult rudiment formation.
Identification and characterization of DAZ family genes in Chinese soft‐shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Tang Zhoukai , Zhang Piaoyi , Zhu Xinping , Chu Zhangjie , Li Wei , Xu Hongyan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe DAZ family genes, including boule, dazl, and daz, play pivotal roles in germ cell development and differentiation during gametogenesis in organisms, which have been widely studied in mammals, reptiles, or fishes. Dazl was bisexual expressed in both mitotic and meiotic germ cells, daz was male premeiotic expressed, whereas boule exhibits largely in unisexual meiotic germ cells but bisexual expression in several fishes, however, there is lack of report on boule gene and the evolutionary conservation and divergence of dazl and boule in reptile. Here, both boule and dazl genes were characterized in Pelodiscus sinensis. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that boule and dazl were abundantly expressed in adult ovary and testis but barely in somatic tissues, such as heart, brain, liver, spleen, and kidney. Moreover, through fluorescent in situ hybridization, bisexual and germline‐specific expression profiles of boule and dazl messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were demonstrated. Boule mRNA exhibited a maximal meiotic expression in spermatocytes, and a relatively low, but distinct expression in oocytes at meiotic stages in P. sinensis, similar to the expression profile of human boule in ovary. However, dazl mRNA was richly distributed in male germ cells at almost all stages during spermatogenesis, and predominantly expressed in most of stages of oocytes including premeiotic and meiotic stages. These findings imply that boule and dazl would play distinct roles in the sexual differentiation of germ cells during turtle gametogenesis, and the major functions of daz family members involved in germ cell differentiation would be conserved across species including P. sinensis.
Upfront pancreaticoduodenectomy in severely jaundiced patients: is it safe?
Authors: Pamecha Viniyendra , Sadashiv Patil Nilesh , Kumar Senthil , Rajendran Vivek , Gupta Sahil , Vasantrao Sasturkar Shridhar , Kumar Sinha Piyush , Arora Asit , Agarwal Nikhil , Baghmar Saphalta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following upfront pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in severely jaundiced (serum bilirubin level ≥15 mg/dl) patients with malignant distal common bile duct (CBD) obstruction.BackgroundRecent studies have failed to show the benefits of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) before PD. In addition, there is limited data on the impact of upfront PD on perioperative outcomes in severely jaundiced patients.MethodsWe reviewed the prospectively collected data of 177 patients who had undergone PD for the malignant distal CBD obstruction from May 2009 to May 2018. Study subjects were divided into Group A (severely jaundiced patients with upfront PD; n = 20), Group B (patients with serum bilirubin <15 mg/dl and no PBD; n = 88) and Group C (PBD prior to PD; n = 69). Overall morbidity, in‐hospital mortality, and postoperative hospital stay were compared.ResultsNo significant differences were noted between the three groups regarding sex, tumor size and stage, comorbidities, and surgical technique. The intra‐operative blood loss was more in severely jaundiced patients as compared to Groups B and C (605 vs. 300 vs. 350 ml, P = 0.0001), but similar operative times, blood transfusions, and rates of post‐pancreatectomy leak and hemorrhage. The infective complications were significantly less with upfront surgery. The overall morbidity, in‐hospital mortality, and hospital stay were comparable between the three groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis failed to identify both the presence of preoperative jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia ≥15 mg/dl as independent risk factors for post‐PD major morbidity.ConclusionUpfront PD can be performed safely in the selected severely jaundiced patients and is associated with significantly lower infective complications.
The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment on Myoblasts and Muscles After Contusion Injury
Authors: Chiu Chih‐Hao , Chang Shih‐Sheng , Chang Gwo‐Jyh , Chen Alvin Chao‐Yu , Cheng Chun‐Ying , Chen Su‐Ching , Chan Yi‐Sheng 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe recommended treatment varies depending on the severity of muscle injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro myoblast proliferation and the in vivo histologic and physiologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on muscle healing after contusion. Cells from the C2C12 myoblast cell line were exposed to 100% O2 for 25 min then to air for 5 min at 2.5 atmospheres absolute in a hyperbaric chamber for a total treatment duration of 90 min per 48 h at intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. Cell growth measurements and western blot analysis of myogenin and actin were performed. Then, 18 mice aged 8–10 weeks were used in the muscle contusion model. The histologic and physiologic effects and muscle regeneration after hyperbaric oxygen treatment were evaluated. The myoblast growth rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) after hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Densitometric evaluation demonstrated a 39% (p < 0.05) and 25% (p < 0.05) increase in myogenin and actin protein levels, respectively, in the cells treated with 1 dose of hyperbaric oxygen. Similarly, the myogenin and actin protein levels increased for samples receiving multiple hyperbaric oxygen treatments when compared with the control. Physiologic evaluation of fast twitch and tetanus strength revealed a significant difference between the control group and the 14‐day hyperbaric oxygen group. In conclusion, hyperbaric oxygen treatment increases the myoblast growth rate and myogenin and actin production. Better histologic and physiologic performance were found after hyperbaric oxygen treatment in animal contusion model. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:329‐335, 2020
Otoscopic diagnosis using computer vision: An automated machine learning approach
Authors: Livingstone Devon , Chau Justin 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveAccess to otolaryngology is limited by lengthy wait lists and lack of specialists, especially in rural and remote areas. The objective of this study was to use an automated machine learning approach to build a computer vision algorithm for otoscopic diagnosis capable of greater accuracy than trained physicians. This algorithm could be used by primary care providers to facilitate timely referral, triage, and effective treatment.MethodsOtoscopic images were obtained from Google Images (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA), from open access repositories, and within otolaryngology clinics associated with our institution. After preprocessing, 1,366 unique images were uploaded to the Google Cloud Vision AutoML platform (Google Inc.) and annotated with one or more of 14 otologic diagnoses. A consensus set of labels for each otoscopic image was attained, and a multilabel classifier architecture algorithm was trained. The performance of the algorithm on an 89‐image test set was compared to the performance of physicians from pediatrics, emergency medicine, otolaryngology, and family medicine.ResultsFor all diagnoses combined, the average precision (positive predictive value) of the algorithm was 90.9%, and the average recall (sensitivity) was 86.1%. The algorithm made 79 correct diagnoses with an accuracy of 88.7%. The average physician accuracy was 58.9%.ConclusionWe have created a computer vision algorithm using automated machine learning that on average rivals the accuracy of the physicians we tested. Fourteen different otologic diagnoses were analyzed. The field of medicine will be changed dramatically by artificial intelligence within the next few decades, and physicians of all specialties must be prepared to guide that process.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:1408–1413, 2020
Fabrication of Multifunctional Filters via Online Incorporating Nano‐TiO2 into Spun‐Bonded/Melt‐Blown Nonwovens for Air Filtration and Toluene Degradation
Authors: Zhu Xiaoming , Dai Zijian , Xu Kangli , Zhao Yi , Ke Qinfei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMultifunctional air filters with high filtration efficiency for aerosol and good degradation for toluene and bacteria are fabricated via online incorporation of TiO2/Ag nanoparticles into the composite nonwovens with spun‐bonded/melt‐blown (SM) hierarchical structure. Today, severe environmental pollution attributed to atmospheric pollutants, mainly including particulate materials, and gaseous volatile organic compounds, as well as bacterial and viral contaminants, has drawn worldwide attention. In this work, a novel online incorporation technique to fabricate a multifunctional air filter with hierarchical structure of SM nonwovens and TiO2 based nanoparticles is proposed. The in situ incorporation technique not only enables the SM nonwovens filters with four orders increment on toluene degradation rate, but also increases filtration quality factor Qf of the SM filters to 0.2251 Pa−1. This research shows promising applications of the multifunctional TiO2/SM nonwoven filters for indoor air remediation. In addition, this scale‐up fabrication method of fiber‐based filters will potentially promote engineering of macromolecular fiber materials.
Alternating Multilayer Structural Epoxy Composite Coating for Corrosion Protection of Steel
Authors: Zhang Jiaoxia , Zhang Weirui , Wei Liping , Pu Liuyue , Liu Jianping , Liu Hu , Li Yingchun , Fan Jincheng , Ding Tao , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEpoxy composite coatings filled with fillers have been used extensively as anticorrosion materials. In this study, an alternating multilayer structure is designed to obtain multifunctional epoxy resin composite coating based on stepwise coating method via adding graphene and α‐alumina. Their mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, dielectric and anticorrosion properties are characterized. The toughness and the thermal conductivity clearly increase, while the dielectric properties decrease approximately to zero when the filler mass fraction increases from 0.00% to 0.15%. The whole corrosion process is controlled by electrochemical reaction, and the fillers effectively block the corrosive medium, thus improving the anticorrosion performance of the composite coating.
A Ferroconcrete‐Like All‐Organic Nanocomposite Exhibiting Improved Mechanical Property, High Breakdown Strength, and High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Dan Zhenkang , Jiang Jianyong , Qian Jianfeng , Shen Zhonghui , Li Ming , Nan Cewen , Shen Yang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolymer‐based nanocomposite dielectrics with high energy storage capacity are crucial enablers for numerous applications in modern electronic and electrical industries. The energy density of parallel plate capacitors is determined by breakdown strength and dielectric permittivity of the inner dielectrics. Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE)), with the highest permittivity among all the dielectric polymers, is a promising candidate for high energy density capacitors. However, its relatively low breakdown strength and energy efficiency restrict the applications. In this work, a new method combining combinatorial‐electrospinning and hot‐pressing is proposed to fabricate P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE)‐based all‐organic dielectrics with ferroconcrete‐like structure. In this structure, continuous fibers of polysulfone (PSF) with high Young's modulus act as tough scaffold to improve the mechanical properties of nanocomposites, and an over 750% enhancement of Young's modulus is obtained. The enhanced mechanical properties bring about significant improvement in Weibull breakdown strength to 485 MV m−1, more than 50% higher than neat terpolymer. Furthermore, the suppressed leakage current and conduction loss, and hence the improved discharge energy efficiency under moderate electric field, are achieved due to the high insulation of PSF and its interfacial restriction on space charge mobility.
Backbone Structure Effect on the Thermoelectric Properties of IDT‐Based p‐Type Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Wu Sicheng , Wu Xiaoyu , Xing Weilong , Sun Yimeng , Zou Ye , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFour conjugated polymers are synthesized through indacenodithiohene (IDT) unit copolymerized with thiophene and thiophene derivatives. Indacenodithiohene‐co‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (IDT‐TT) and indacenodithiohene‐co‐trans‐1,2‐di(2‐thienyl)ethylene (IDT‐TVT) exhibit better charge transport mobilities than indacenodithiohene‐co‐thiophene (IDT‐T) and indacenodithiohene‐co‐3,4‐ethoxylene dioxythiophene (IDT‐EDOT), and also display superior thermoelectric properties after doping. Theoretical calculations suggest that IDT‐EDOT and IDT‐TVT have better coplanarities; the inferior performance for IDT‐EDOT might be due to its low molecular weight. Meanwhile, it is worth mentioning that via the synergistic effect of two dopants (CN6CP, CuTFSI), the electrical conductivities of the polymers are further improved. The XPS data shows that the coordination interaction between copper ion and the cyano groups of CN6CP introduces cupric ions into the polymer films, which leads to the increase of the doping ratio.