bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway morphometry in COPD with bronchiectasis: a view on all airway generations
Authors: Everaerts Stephanie , McDonough John E. , Verleden Stijn E. , Josipovic Iván , Boone Matthieu , Dubbeldam Adriana , Mathyssen Carolien , Serré Jef , Dupont Lieven J. , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine , Verschakelen Johny , Hogg James C. , Verleden Geert M. , Vanaudenaerde Bart M. , Janssens Wim 
Published: August 2019

The pathophysiological processes underlying bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not understood. In COPD, both small and large airways are progressively lost. It is currently not known to what extent the different airway generations of patients with COPD and bronchiectasis are involved.COPD explant lungs with bronchiectasis were compared to COPD explant lungs without bronchiectasis and unused donor lungs as controls. In order to investigate all airway generations, a multimodal imaging approach using different resolutions was conducted. Per group, five lungs were frozen (n=15) and underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging for large airway evaluation, with four tissue cores per lung imaged for measurements of the terminal bronchioles. Two additional lungs per group (n=6) were air-dried for lobar microCT images that allow airway segmentation and three-dimensional quantification of the complete airway tree.COPD lungs with bronchiectasis had significantly more airways compared to COPD lungs without bronchiectasis (p<0.001), with large airway numbers similar to control lungs. This difference was present in both upper and lower lobes. Lack of tapering was present (p=0.010) and larger diameters were demonstrated in lower lobes with bronchiectasis (p=0.010). MicroCT analysis of tissue cores showed similar reductions of tissue percentage, surface density and number of terminal bronchioles in both COPD groups compared to control lungs.Although terminal bronchioles were equally reduced in COPD lungs with and without bronchiectasis, significantly more large and small airways were found in COPD lungs with bronchiectasis.
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed patients with HIV-1: subgroup analyses of the phase 3 EMERALD study
Authors: Huhn Gregory D. , Eron Joseph J. , Girard Pierre-Marie , Orkin Chloe , Molina Jean-Michel , DeJesus Edwin , Petrovic Romana , Luo Donghan , Van Landuyt Erika , Lathouwers Erkki , Nettles Richard E. , Brown Kimberley , Wong Eric Y. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is a once-daily, single-tablet regimen for treatment of HIV-1 infection. The efficacy/safety of switching to D/C/F/TAF versus continuing boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (control) were demonstrated in a phase 3, randomized study (EMERALD) of treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed adults through week 48. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate EMERALD outcomes across subgroups of patients based on demographic characteristics, prior treatment experience, and baseline antiretroviral regimen.

Methods
EMERALD patients were virologically suppressed (viral load [VL] < 50 copies/mL for ≥ 2 months at screening). Prior non-darunavir virologic failure (VF) was allowed. Primary endpoint was proportion of patients with virologic rebound (confirmed VL ≥ 50 copies/mL) cumulative through week 48. Virologic response was VL < 50 copies/mL (FDA snapshot). Safety was assessed by adverse events, renal proteinuria markers, and bone mineral density. Outcomes were examined for prespecified subgroups by age (≤/> 50 years), gender, race (black/non-black), prior number of antiretrovirals used (4/5/6/7/> 7), prior VF (0/≥ 1), baseline bPI (darunavir/atazanavir or lopinavir), and baseline boosting agent (ritonavir/cobicistat).

Results
Among 1141 patients in the D/C/F/TAF (n = 763) and control (n = 378) arms, virologic rebound rates (2.5% and 2.1%, respectively) were similar, and this was consistent across all subgroups. Virologic response rates ranged from 91 to 97% (D/C/F/TAF) and 89 to 99% (control) across all subgroups, with differences between treatment arms of 0 and 6%. Adverse event rates were low in both arms and across subgroups. Improvements in renal and bone parameters were observed with D/C/F/TAF across demographic subgroups.

Conclusions
For treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed patients, switching to D/C/F/TAF was highly effective and safe, regardless of demographic characteristics, prior treatment experience, or pre-switch bPI.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02269917. Registered 21 October 2014. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02269917
Utility of clinical features with fine needle aspiration biopsy for diagnosis of Warthin tumor
Authors: So Thomas , Sahovaler Axel , Nichols Anthony , Fung Kevin , Yoo John , Weir Michele M. , MacNeil S. Danielle 
Published: August 2019

Background Conservative management of Warthin tumor (WT) may be a viable alternative to surgery, but there are concerns of missed malignancies on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The purpose of this study is to measure the sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB for WT, and to identify clinical features associated with WT that can aid in this diagnosis. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients from January 1, 2006 to April 30, 2017 at a tertiary care center in London, Ontario, Canada. All patients with a diagnosis of WT on FNAB or resection were included. Electronic medical records were identified for 177 patients that fit the criteria. Study outcomes included the sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB alone for WT, and, when including clinical features associated with WT. Results The mean age of patients in this study was 63.2 years (SD 10.4); 115 (65%) were male, and 157 (89%) were past or present smokers. The measured sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB for WT were 95.8 and 97.2% respectively. Two cases were classified as WT on FNAB but confirmed at resection as mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma. When only patients with multifocal, bilateral or incidental tumors were assessed, sensitivities and positive predictive values for each were 100%. Isolating for inferior pole location also resulted in a positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusions The sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB for WT in this study are high, with two false negatives on FNAB. Multifocal, bilateral, incidentaloma and inferior pole location were identified as potential clinical features that may increase the diagnostic confidence for WT, strengthening the argument for conservative management in these patients. Overall, this study serves as an initial exploration into whether clinical features may be included with FNAB results to improve the sensitivity and positive predictive value of diagnosing WT. Further research is necessary before these findings can be translated into clinical practice.
Cancer cell reprogramming: a promising therapy converting malignancy to benignity
Authors: Gong Lanqi , Yan Qian , Zhang Yu , Fang Xiaona , Liu Beilei , Guan Xinyuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in reprogramming terminally differentiated somatic cells and cancer cells into induced pluripotent cells and cancer cells with benign phenotypes. Recent studies have explored various approaches to induce reprogramming from one cell type to another, including lineage‐specific transcription factors‐, combinatorial small molecules‐, microRNAs‐ and embryonic microenvironment‐derived exosome‐mediated reprogramming. These reprogramming approaches have been proven to be technically feasible and versatile to enable re‐activation of sequestered epigenetic regions, thus driving fate decisions of differentiated cells. One of the significant utilities of cancer cell reprogramming is the therapeutic potential of retrieving normal cell functions from various malignancies. However, there are several major obstacles to overcome in cancer cell reprogramming before clinical translation, including characterization of reprogramming mechanisms, improvement of reprogramming efficiency and safety, and development of delivery methods. Recently, several insights in reprogramming mechanism have been proposed, and determining progress has been achieved to promote reprogramming efficiency and feasibility, allowing it to emerge as a promising therapy against cancer in the near future. This review aims to discuss recent applications in cancer cell reprogramming, with a focus on the clinical significance and limitations of different reprogramming approaches, while summarizing vital roles played by transcription factors, small molecules, microRNAs and exosomes during the reprogramming process.
Estimated Cost and Savings in a Patient Management Program for Oral Oncology Medications: Impact of a Split-Fill Component
Authors: Staskon Francis C. , Kirkham Heather S. , Pfeifer Amy , Miller Richard T. 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE: A national specialty pharmacy implemented a split-fill option within an oral oncology patient management program to reduce pharmacy costs and medication wastage resulting from early discontinuations. Payers covered dispensed medications at half-quantity intervals for each dispense up to 3 months. Proactive outreach to patients before they had used up the initial dispensed medication quantity helped assess the patient’s tolerance to the new medication and adverse effects. This study compared costs for patients with a split-fill option to similar costs for patients without this option taking into account patient discontinuation rates, patient-reported adverse effects rates, estimated pharmacy costs, and potential wastage. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients who were new to therapy on a split-fill medication between September 2015 and August 2017. A 1:1 greedy match algorithm was conducted using propensity variables to match patients from each cohort. Per-month discontinuation rates were determined for both split-fill and non–split-fill groups. The non–split-fill potential wastage was calculated as monthly costs for discontinuations in the following month and weighted by split-fill discontinuation rates. RESULTS: Of the 2,363 program patients who met selection criteria for the 11 medications, 671 patients from each group were matched. Payers with a split-fill program had significant medication savings per covered month ($2,147.60 at 1 month) and at a cumulative 6 months. Modeled wastage indicated that payers without a split-fill program could expect to save $2,646.74 monthly by using this option. Both cohorts had similar rates of adverse effects and time until first reported adverse effect. CONCLUSION: In the first 6 months, the split-fill patient managed program had lower discontinuation rates, significantly reduced pharmacy costs, and reduced potential wastage.
A Research Framework for Business Models: What Is Common Among Fast Fashion, E-Tailing, and Ride Sharing?
Authors: Cachon Gérard P. 
Published: August 2019

Every firm has a business model, which is the collection of strategic decisions that determine how the firm generates a sustainable enterprise through the creation of enough value (its supply model) and the extraction of a sufficient portion of that value (its revenue model). Innovative business models—for example, fast fashion (e.g., Zara), e-tailing (e.g., Amazon), and ride-sharing (e.g., Uber)—are capable of offering new products and services that generate considerable consumer utility and transform industries. This paper develops a research framework for understanding business models and how business models have evolved over time. Links are made to the existing literature (primarily in pricing and operations), and simple models are developed to unify and clarify existing research findings. Through this framework, it is possible (i) to identify the few design decisions that explain the success of these diverse firms with otherwise seemingly disparate models, and (ii) to speculate on potential future business-model innovations. This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, operations management.
Contribuições para o aperfeiçoamento do regulamento MERCOSUL sobre etiquetagem de produtos têxteis quanto ao local de afixação da etiqueta de cuidados e conservação
Authors: Brito Anderson Santos de , Epsztejn Ruth , Fermam Ricardo Kropf Santos 
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho visa propor sugestões de posicionamento da afixação da etiqueta têxtil em produtos têxteis verificando as boas práticas realizadas no mundo como parâmetro de indicação para a sugestão de inclusão futura no Regulamento Têxtil no Brasil. Neste artigo verificou-se que o Brasil é um dos maiores fabricantes têxteis no mundo e produz um grande volume de materiais têxteis confeccionados nos quais possuem etiquetas de cuidado afixadas por força de legislação específica, sendo observado que o regulamento têxtil vigente carece de indicações a respeito do local da afixação da etiqueta têxtil nos produtos. Então, sem regulamentação especifica de posicionamento para afixação da etiqueta têxtil, o consumidor fica sem acesso as informações necessárias para a boa conservação e cuidado que pode induzir ao dano da peça, trazendo ao mesmo um prejuízo financeiro. E na área técnica, observam-se dúvidas por exemplo, relação à fixação da etiqueta em produtos confeccionados, dentre outros. Há, via de regra, a necessidade de “retrabalho” pelos setores de qualidade das empresas, onde as análises técnicas de troca por defeito dão-se por meio de um relacionamento conturbado com o consumidor, gerando a insatisfação do cliente. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi baseado em pesquisas de regulamentos e normas das melhores ações dos maiores países exportadores mundiais de têxteis. Foram realizadas pesquisas com o consumidor e os profissionais da área têxtil, para verificar problemas causados pela falta de regulação deste tema. Os resultados obtidos norteiam indicação de boas práticas a ser utilizada pelo Brasil a fim de minimizar a falta de um guia oficial a respeito do tema.
In Silico Analysis of Gardnerella Genomospecies Detected in the Setting of Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Potter Robert F , Burnham Carey-Ann D , Dantas Gautam 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Gardnerella vaginalis is implicated as one of the causative agents of bacterial vaginosis, but it can also be isolated from the vagina of healthy women. Previous efforts to study G. vaginalis identified 4 to 6 clades, but average nucleotide identity analysis indicates that G. vaginalis may be multiple species. Recently, Gardnerella was determined to be 13 genomospecies, with Gardnerella piottii, Gardnerella leopoldii, and Gardnerella swidsinkii delineated as separate species.

METHODS
We accessed 103 publicly available genomes annotated as G. vaginalis. We performed comprehensive taxonomic and phylogenomic analysis to quantify the number of species called G. vaginalis, the similarity of their core genes, and their burden of their accessory genes. We additionally analyzed publicly available metatranscriptomic data sets of bacterial vaginosis to determine whether the newly delineated genomospecies are present, and to identify putative conserved features of Gardnerella pathogenesis.

RESULTS
Gardnerella could be classified into 8 to 14 genomospecies depending on the in silico classification tools used. Consensus classification identified 9 different Gardnerella genomospecies, here annotated as GS01 through GS09. The genomospecies could be readily distinguished by the phylogeny of their shared genes and burden of accessory genes. All of the new genomospecies were identified in metatranscriptomes of bacterial vaginosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Multiple Gardnerella genomospecies operating in isolation or in concert with one another may be responsible for bacterial vaginosis. These results have important implications for future efforts to understand the evolution of the Gardnerella genomospecies, host–pathogen interactions of the genomospecies during bacterial vaginosis, diagnostic assay development for bacterial vaginosis, and metagenomic investigations of the vaginal microbiota.
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Roerecke Michael , Vafaei Afshin , Hasan Omer S.M. , Chrystoja Bethany R. , Cruz Marcus , Lee Roy , Neuman Manuela G. , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To systematically summarize the risk relationship between different levels of alcohol consumption and incidence of liver cirrhosis.

METHODS:
MEDLINE and Embase were searched up to March 6, 2019, to identify case–control and cohort studies with sex-specific results and more than 2 categories of drinking in relation to the incidence of liver cirrhosis. Study characteristics were extracted and random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted.

RESULTS:
A total of 7 cohort studies and 2 case–control studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data from 2,629,272 participants with 5,505 cases of liver cirrhosis. There was no increased risk for occasional drinkers. Consumption of one drink per day in comparison to long-term abstainers showed an increased risk for liver cirrhosis in women, but not in men. The risk for women was consistently higher compared to men. Drinking ≥5 drinks per day was associated with a substantially increased risk in both women (relative risk [RR] = 12.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.65–23.27 for 5–6 drinks, and RR = 24.58, 95% CI: 14.77–40.90 for ≥7 drinks) and men (RR = 3.80, 95% CI: 0.85–17.02, and RR = 6.93, 95% CI: 1.07–44.99, respectively). Heterogeneity across studies indicated an additional impact of other risk factors.

DISCUSSION:
Alcohol is a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis with risk increasing exponentially. Women may be at higher risk compared to men even with little alcohol consumption. More high-quality research is necessary to elucidate the role of other risk factors, such as genetic vulnerability, body weight, metabolic risk factors, and drinking patterns over the life course. High alcohol consumption should be avoided, and people drinking at high levels should receive interventions to reduce their intake.
Beyond Technological Literacy
Authors: Wylie Caitlin , Neeley Kathryn , Ferguson Sean 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We consider scholarly conversations about digital citizenship as a continuation of centuries of discourse about citizenship, democracy, and technoscience. Conceptually, we critique portrayals of citizenship from Jeffersonian polities to technical literacy to critical health and environmental justice movements. This analysis forms the basis for proposing an alternative, normative theoretical perspective on citizens’ engagement in governance: the ethics of care. This framework enables a move from citizens’ civic engagement as motivated by duty and risk perception to motivated by an affective desire to care for oneself and others. Using the ethics of care, we explore a digital citizenship project about civic open data in Charlottesville, Virginia, as an example of stakeholders caring about and for the construction of digital technologies as well as relationships of mutual interdependence between government and citizens. Despite pervasive assumptions and institutional gaps that limit this project’s success, this case illustrates the potential power of reframing the motivations for democratic engagement as relational and affective rather than based on fear or duty alone.
Understanding Cosmo-Literature
Authors: Hosny Reham 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The central objective of this paper is to provide a new conceptual theoretical framework starting from the role of new new media in shaping a new kind of literature, which I call Cosmo-Literature. Towards this, I start working from Levinson’s differentiation among old media, new media, and new new media to arrive at the difference among the variable types of media. Next, I address the role of new new media in establishing world democracies and changing the social, cultural, and political world map. After that, I investigate the terms of “global village” and “cosmopolitanism” in relation to literature. To clarify what I mean by Cosmo Literature, I will investigate two new new media novels: Only One Millimeter Away, an Arabic Facebook novel by the Moroccan novelist Abdel-Wahid Stitu, and Hearts, Keys and Puppetry an English Twitter novel by Neil Gaiman, to infer the characteristics of Cosmo-Literature in general and Cosmo narration in particular.
Birinci Sınıf Türkçe (İlk Okuma Yazma) Öğretim Programının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aslan Mecit , Altunova Nebi 
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı birinci sınıf Türkçe (ilk okuma yazma) öğretim programını değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri gözlem ve görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Gözlem yapılan okulun seçiminde öğrenci profili dikkate alınarak tipik durum örneklemesi, görüşme yapılan öğretmenlerin belirlenmesinde ise amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Görüşme ve gözlem yoluyla elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilere bakılarak 1. sınıf Türkçe öğretim programının bazı yönlerden eksikliklerinin bulunduğu bu bakımdan yeniden gözden geçirilmeye ihtiyaç duyulduğu söylenebilir.
PENGARUH PENDAMPINGAN MASYARAKAT DALAM INISIASI BANK SAMPAH SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGOPTIMALKAN PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH DI DESA TANJUNG KECAMATAN TIRTO KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Samadikun Budi Prasetyo 
Published: August 2019

Perumahan Pensiunan ABRI (PEPABRI) sebagai salah satu kawasan perumahan yang berada di Desa Tanjung Kecamatan Tirto Kabupaten Pekalongan memiliki beberapa permasalahan dalam pengelolaan sampah, dikarenakan sistem yang terbentuk tidak berjalan dengan baik dan pengetahuan masyarakat yang masih rendah terhadap sampah. Tujuan dari paper ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendampingan masyarakat terhadap tingkat pemahaman masyarakat tentang urgensi pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga sehingga sampah dapat lebih bernilai ekonomis dalam sebuah bank sampah. Metode pendampingan masyarakat dilakukan dalam tiga tahap: tahap awal (sosialisasi), tahap pelaksanaan, serta tahap akhir (monitoring dan evaluasi). Respon warga cukup positif terhadap kegiatan pendampingan masyarakat ini, sejak mulai tahap sosialisasi, sampai dengan tahap evaluasi, masyarakat mengikuti secara aktif dan sangat antusias. Hasil monitoring menunjukkan masyarakat berangsur-angsur mulai paham dan sadar tentang arti penting pengelolaan sampah, serta berpartisipasi penuh dalam pengelolaan bank sampah di desa ini, baik sebagai pengelola ataupun nasabah bank sampah.