bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model-informed precision dosing of quetiapine in bipolar affective disorder patients: initial dose recommendation
Authors: Zheng Zi-Qiang , Jin Ying-Wei , Yin Di , Chen Xiao , He Su-Mei , Liu Chen-Xu , Zhang Cun , Wang Dong-Dong 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveBipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a mood disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Quetiapine can be used in the treatment of patients with BAD; however, the precise administration regimen of quetiapine in these patients is still unknown. In this study, a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of quetiapine in patients with BAD was constructed based on model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) and real-world clinical data and an optimal initial dose of quetiapine in these patients was recommended.MethodsA total of 99 patients with BAD treated with quetiapine were included. At the same time, the quetiapine concentrations, the physical and chemical indices of the patients, and the drug combination information were collected. A quetiapine PPK model for patients with BAD was then constructed and an initial dose based on Monte Carlo simulation was recommended.ResultsIn the final model of quetiapine for patients with BAD, the apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) were 76.1 L/h and 530 L, respectively. For patients with BAD weighing 40–66 kg, the initial dose recommendation was 16 mg kg−1 day−1, the probability of reaching the therapeutic window was 78.8%–82.2%, and the probability of exceeding the upper limit of the therapeutic window was 5.2%–10.3%. For patients with BAD weighing 66–120 kg, the initial dose recommendation was 12 mg kg−1 day−1, the probability of reaching the therapeutic window was 81.5%–85.5%, and the probability of exceeding the upper limit of the therapeutic window was 3.6%–8.1%.ConclusionThe present study, for the first time, recommended an initial dose of quetiapine in patients with BAD based on MIPD and real-world data, providing an individualized reference for the administration of quetiapine in these patients.
A case report of mental disorder caused by shunt blockage after hydrocephalus surgery
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Li Wei , Wang Yaping , Liu Lijin , Liu Lanying 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionHydrocephalus is a form of communication hydrocephalus syndrome characterized by ventricular enlargement and normal intraventricular pressure. The primary clinical manifestations include gait disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and either elevated or normal intracranial pressure. This paper presents a case of a mental disorder resulting from inadequate drainage following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure for hydrocephalus. The case report aims to enhance clinicians’ understanding of such organic brain lesions, which are prone to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment, thereby improving differential diagnostic skills.Case presentationThis case report describes a 34-year-old male with a 16-year history of depressive disorder, previously managed with 150 mg of venlafaxine daily, 7.5 mg of zopiclone every night, and 2.4 g of piracetam every day. The patient underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure for hydrocephalus, leading to the development of a mental disorder attributable to poor drainage from the shunt tube. Initial symptoms consisted of low mood, decreased interest, and cognitive impairment. Despite psychiatric consultation and antidepressant treatment, there was no improvement in his condition. The final diagnosis was an organic mental disorder. Following an increase in shunt drainage and the administration of a low dose of olanzapine, the patient’s psychiatric symptoms showed significant improvement.ConclusionReporting this case seeks to enhance clinicians’ awareness of the psychiatric manifestations of organic brain lesions, expand the differential diagnostic approach for psychiatrists, and improve diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for cautious use of psychiatric medications, appropriate symptomatic management, and timely referral when necessary.
Gender differences in self-rated health among older adults in the Chinese workforce
Authors: Li Wenyu , Xu Zhijie , Tang Wenjie 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThis study investigates gender-based disparities in self-rated health among older individuals in the Chinese workforce, utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Understanding these health gaps is crucial for crafting effective health policies and interventions in light of the rapidly aging population.Materials and methodsData from the 2020 CHARLS survey, comprising Chinese individuals aged 45 and above, were analyzed, focusing on older adults actively employed. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses examined gender discrepancies in self-rated health, considering diverse sociodemographic, economic, and health-related factors.ResultsGender disparities in demographics, work environments, and self-rated health were observable among male and female participants. Older males tended to have higher rates of smoking and alcohol consumption, coupled with lower incomes. In contrast, females exhibited healthier behaviors influenced by access to healthcare and lifestyle modifications. For males, economic stability and moderate alcohol use positively influenced self-rated health, while females benefited from healthcare coverage and healthy lifestyle choices. Tailored gender-specific health interventions should prioritize these unique factors to enhance overall well-being.DiscussionDiscussions highlighted the impact of demographic variables, including age, marital status, social security, and employment conditions, on self-rated health. The study emphasized the crucial role of marital relationships in the health outcomes of older adult workers.ConclusionThis study underscores the pivotal role of gender in self-rated health variations and provides essential insights for targeted interventions. By considering both quantitative and qualitative determinants of well-being, focused health policies can effectively address the health and well-being of aging populations, especially older adult workers.
Rural residents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in relation to infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic: a cross-sectional study of COVID-19
Authors: Zhuang Manting , Zhai Lixiang , Zhang Hui , Chen Qingsong , Xiong Ran , Liu Yonghui , Zhu Fangyi 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundIn the field of public health, the prevention and management of infectious diseases in rural regions have always been crucial. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing rural residents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices and their correlation with infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic, with a focus on the COVID-19 case.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in rural regions of China’s Guangdong province, using a multi-stage sampling technique to select rural residents for a validated questionnaire survey in February 2023. Descriptive statistical method was used to describe the infection status of rural residents and Chi-Square Test was used to explore the influencing factors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in this population. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the presence of a statistically significant association between explanatory variables and outcome variables at corresponding 95% CI.ResultsA total of 3,125 rural residents were investigated, of whom 805 had never been infected with COVID-19. The survey participants had an average score of 5.84 ± 1.419 for COVID-19 knowledge. (The total score range is from 0 to 8. A score greater than 6.4 indicates good knowledge acquisition.) Regarding the attitude and practice sections, the average scores were 23.68 ± 3.169 and 23.45 ± 5.030, respectively. (The total score range of both these sections is from 0 to 32. A score greater than 25.6 represents positive attitudes and good practices.) The reduction of COVID-19 risk is significantly associated with an increase in Knowledge scores (p trend &lt; 0.01). In stratified analyses, the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices scores of residents in each region have varying degrees of correlation with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionRural residents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on COVID-19 prevention and control requires improvement. Efforts to promote their’ perceptions and habits regarding COVID-19 prevention and control are crucial in reducing the risk of infection.
The influence of COVID-19 pandemic on college students’ academic performance and the construction of a learning ability warning system
Authors: Ren Zengqiang , Du Qiaoling 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThis study explored the impact of prevention and control measures taken by Chinese universities on college students’ academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic.ParticipantsThe sample includes 1,009 senior students, 1,140 junior and sophomore students, and 1,198 freshman students studying at a top university in China from 2012 to 2023.MethodsAnalysis of variance was used to analyze historical data, and a learning ability warning system based on probabilistic neural networks was further proposed.ResultsThere was a significant difference in student academic performance from 2019 to 2022 compared to historical data. Prevention and control measures such as school closures and online teaching have affected the academic performance of college students.ConclusionCOVID-19 has a negative impact on college students’ learning ability. It is necessary to establish a learning ability warning system to assist university management departments in formulating relevant policies to restore the learning ability of college students.
Barriers and facilitators to the dissemination of national movement behavior guidelines among health-promoting organizations: a qualitative study
Authors: Kauffeldt Kaitlyn D. , McFadyen Isaac K. , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. , Faulkner Guy , Tomasone Jennifer R. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundNational movement behavior guidelines offer evidence-informed recommendations for how to obtain health benefits. However, their impact on practice and policy has been limited. Factors at multiple levels determine the effective mobilization of knowledge into practice. Historically, little attention has been paid to assessing the social, organizational, and economic factors that influence the uptake of national movement behavior guidelines; potentially contributing to their blunted impact on public health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators experienced by intermediary organizations to disseminating national movement behavior guidelines.MethodsRepresentatives from organizations involved in the development and dissemination of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults 18–64 Years and Adults 65 Years or Older were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews to explore barriers and facilitators to national movement behavior guideline dissemination. Interview guides were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Fourteen interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Identified barriers and facilitators were mapped onto the CFIR.ResultsParticipants identified several elements that have the potential to influence the dissemination of national movement behavior guidelines, such as organizational alignment, resources (i.e., time, human, financial), and ownership of the guidelines.ConclusionThis study provides insight into the breadth of barriers and facilitators to guideline dissemination that may be experienced by intermediary organizations. Findings may be used to inform interventions designed to improve the dissemination and uptake of national movement behavior guidelines among health-promoting organizations.
Trends and projections of Hepatitis A incidence in eastern China from 2007 to 2021: an age-period-cohort analysis
Authors: Peng Hui , Wang Yin , Wei Songting , Kang Weili , Zhang Xuefeng , Cheng Xiaoqing , Bao Changjun 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the trends in Hepatitis A incidence associated with age, period, and birth cohorts from 2007 to 2021 in Jiangsu Province, China, and projects the future burden through 2031.MethodsData on Hepatitis A cases in Jiangsu Province from 2007 to 2021 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. Joinpoint regression analysis identified significant changes in incidence trends. The age-period-cohort model assessed the effects of age, period, and cohort on Hepatitis A incidence rates. Projections for 2022–2031 were generated using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2021, Hepatitis A incidence in Jiangsu Province significantly declined, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of −10.77%. The decline was more pronounced in males (AAPC = −12.87%) compared to females (AAPC = −7.46%). The overall net drift was −10.61% (95% CI: −11.14% to −10.07%), the net drift for males was −12.77% (95% CI: −13.40% to −12.13%), which was higher than that for females at −7.27% (95% CI: −7.93% to −6.60%). The local drift indicates the incidence of hepatitis A decreased gradually, with the rate of decline slowing in the later period. Descriptive analysis revealed the highest incidence of Hepatitis A cases in the 40–59 age group, while age-period-cohort analysis indicated higher incidence rates in younger individuals. The cohort effect showed a continuous decline from the earliest cohort in 1923–1927 (Overall RR = 64.93, 95% CI: 42.55 to 99.07) to the most recent cohort in 1993–1997 (Overall RR = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.01). But Bayesian age-period-cohort model projections for 2022–2031 suggest that incidence rates will remain low, though they may slightly increase by 2031, with peak incidence shifting to the 60–64 age group.ConclusionThe incidence of Hepatitis A in Jiangsu Province has significantly decreased from 2007 to 2021, primarily due to public health measures and vaccination programs. Future efforts should focus on maintaining vaccination coverage and improving sanitation and hygiene practices to sustain these achievements.
An observational post-authorization study to assess the effectiveness of a single dose Ad26.COV2.S for the prevention of COVID-19 using real-world data
Authors: Boehme Amelia , Harvey Raymond A. , Madsen Ann , Rubens Lexie , Toyip Astra , Batech Michael , Ricci Deborah , Nyaku Mawuli 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe goal of this FDA-committed, post authorization study was to assess the real-world effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S in preventing observed COVID-19 disease in individuals in the United States interacting with the healthcare system who were vaccinated according to the national immunization recommendations.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of individuals ≥18 years in the U.S. between March 1, 2021 and July 31, 2022. Two exposure groups were considered: those who received a single dose of COVID-19 Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and individuals who were unvaccinated. Individuals eligible for the referent group, defined as those who were unvaccinated, were identified through exact matching on age, sex, location, and Gagne comorbidity score. Propensity-score (PS) matched Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate COVID-19 related outcomes.ResultsA total of 478,162 vaccinated, and 1,897,759 risk set sampled (RSS) and PS-matched unvaccinated referent individuals were included. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) against any observed COVID-19 disease was 20% (95% CI, 19 to 21%). VE increased as the outcome severity increased. The VE against COVID-19 related hospitalizations was 43% (95% CI, 40 to 45%). VE was highest, 53% (95% CI, 42 to 61%), against all-cause mortality temporally associated with COVID-19. The results of subgroup analyses generally showed a similar pattern as the main analyses with VE increasing in parallel with seriousness of outcomes, albeit with lower VE in groups thought to be at higher risk of COVID-19.DiscussionThis population-representative cohort study in U.S. clinical practice showed that a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S is effective for at least 12 months against several COVID-19 related outcomes. Individuals who were vaccinated with a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S were at lower risk for developing COVID-19, for being hospitalized for COVID-19, and for all-cause mortality temporally associated with COVID-19 compared to unvaccinated individuals in the U.S. during Alpha, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.212.1, and BA.5 variants circulation.
The influence of middle-aged and older adults’ social capital and education on physical function: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Man Tingfai , Zhao Yongze , Mai Huaxin , Bian Ying 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundPopulation aging is a major global trend with significant social, economic, and health implications. In China, the increasing aging population presents challenges, including increased chronic diseases and disabilities. Social capital has emerged as vital in determining health outcomes for middle-aged and older adults. This study seeks to examine the impact of social capital and educational attainment on physical functioning in middle-aged and older adults, with particular emphasis on the moderating effect of education within this relationship.MethodsThis study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2018 to 2020, involving 9,497 participants aged 45 and older. Physical function was assessed using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales. Social capital was measured in four dimensions: social trust, social support, social participation, and reciprocity. Educational attainment was categorized into four levels: below primary school, primary school, middle school, and high school or above. Cox proportional hazards regression and moderating effect models were used for data analysis, adjusting for demographic and health-related variables.ResultsOur findings highlight the significant roles of social participation (aHR = 0.856, 95%CI: 0.675–0.809) and reciprocity (aHR = 0.700, 95%CI: 0.626–0.784) in improving physical function. Education enhanced the positive effects of social participation (aHR = 0.923, 95%CI: 0.840–0.980). Subgroup analyses showed that social support was a protective factor for females (aHR = 0.857, 95% CI: 0.737–0.998), while social trust negatively affected urban residents (aHR = 1.330, 95%CI: 1.135–1.560).ConclusionThe findings underscore the importance of social participation, reciprocity, and education in enhancing physical function among middle-aged and older adults. Tailored interventions addressing gender and residential differences are essential to meet the unique needs of various subgroups. Understanding the relationship between social capital, education, and health can inform strategies to improve this population’s well-being.
May family routines impact oral health in American children?
Authors: Pardi Vanessa , Castilho Giovanna Torqueto , Stewart Rachel , Luo Huabin , Wright Wanda G. , Moss Mark Eric 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to assess the association between family routines and dental caries and self-rated oral health status.MethodsData from the 2020–2021 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) completed at United States were used. Our outcome variables were self-reported dental caries (yes/no) and poor oral health condition (yes/no). Our independent variables were related to family routines: (1) Going to bed at the same time (yes/no); (2) Days having dinner together (0–7days); (3) Hours spent in front of the TV, computer, cell phone or other electronic devices (screen time); and (4) adequate sleep (yes/no). We used socioeconomic factors, health insurance coverage, family structure and neighborhood characteristics as covariates. Univariate and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsFor the dental caries outcome, children with regular bedtimes (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58–0.79), more frequent family dinners (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.96), and supportive neighborhoods (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) were less likely to report dental caries. Increased screen time (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15) was associated with higher self-reported dental caries. For oral health status, children with regular bedtimes, (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48–0.75), supportive neighborhoods (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.97), and with more neighborhood amenities (AOR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–1.00) reported better health. More screen time (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21) and poor neighborhood conditions (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.26) correlated with poor oral health.ConclusionsFindings from this study indicate that family routines play a significant role in children's oral health. Future research should focus on interdisciplinary family- and community-level interventions that are tailored to support healthy habits and address the needs of families.
The nuclear symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness in nuclei
Authors: Burgio G. F. , Das H. C. , Vidaña I. 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionWe investigate possible correlations between the stiffness of the symmetry energy at saturation density, the so-called L parameter, and the neutron skin thickness of 48Ca and 208Pb, for which the recent measurements from the CREX and PREX I + II experiments at the Thomas Jefferson Laboratory became available.MethodsWe choose an ensemble of nucleonic equations of state (EoS) derived within microscopic (BHF, Variational, AFDMC) and phenomenological (Skyrme, RMF, DD-RMF) approaches. They are all compatible with the laboratory nuclear collisions data and with current observations of neutron stars (NS) mass and the tidal polarizability of a 1.4 M⊙ NS, as deduced from the GW170817 event.ResultsWe find some degree of correlation between the L parameter and the neutron skin thickness whereas a much weaker correlation does exist with the tidal polarizability and the symmetry energy at saturation density. However, some EoS which are able to explain the CREX experimental data, are not compatible with the PREX I + II data, and viceversa.ConclusionWe confirm the results previously obtained with a different set of EoS models, and find a possible tension between the experimental data and the current understanding of the nuclear EoS.