bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional and Water‐Resistant MXene‐Decorated Polyester Textiles with Outstanding Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Joule Heating Performances
Authors: Wang Qi‐Wei , Zhang Hao‐Bin , Liu Ji , Zhao Sai , Xie Xi , Liu Liuxin , Yang Rui , Koratkar Nikhil , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough multifunctional, flexible, and wearable textiles with integrated smart electronics have attracted tremendous attention in recent years, it is still an issue to balance new functionalities with the inherent performances of the textile substrates. 2D early transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) are considered as ideal nanosheets for fabricating multifunctional and flexible textiles on the basis of their superb intrinsic electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and layered structure. Herein, highly conductive and hydrophobic textiles with exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency and excellent Joule heating performance are fabricated by depositing in situ polymerized polypyrrole (PPy) modified MXene sheets onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) textiles followed by a silicone coating. The resultant multifunctional textile exhibits high electrical conductivity of ≈1000 S m−1in conjunction with an exceptional EMI shielding efficiency of ≈90 dB at a thickness of 1.3 mm. The thin silicone coating renders the hydrophilic PPy/MXene‐decorated textile hydrophobic, leading to an excellent water‐resistant feature while retaining a satisfactory air permeability of the textile. Interestingly, the multifunctional textile also exhibits an excellent moderate voltage‐driven Joule heating performance. Thus, the deposition of PPy‐modified MXene followed by silicone coating creates a multifunctional textile that holds great promise for wearable intelligent garments, EMI shielding, and personal heating applications.
Recent Advances in Metallic Glass Nanostructures: Synthesis Strategies and Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Li Jinyang , Doubek Gustavo , McMillon‐Brown Lyndsey , Taylor André D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent advances in metallic glass nanostructures (MGNs) are reported, covering a wide array of synthesis strategies, computational discovery, and design solutions that provide insight into distinct electrocatalytic applications. A brief introduction to the development and unique features of MGNs with an overview of top‐down and bottom‐up synthesis strategies is presented. Specifically, the morphology and structural analysis of several examples applying MGNs as electrodes are highlighted. Subsequently, a comprehensive discussion of commonly employed kinetic parameters and their connection with the unique material structures of MGNs on individual electrocatalytic reactions is made, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and alcohol (methanol or ethanol) oxidation reaction. Finally, a summary of the challenges and perspective on the future research and development relevant to MGNs as electrocatalysts is provided.
A Full‐Spectrum Metal‐Free Porphyrin Supramolecular Photocatalyst for Dual Functions of Highly Efficient Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Zhu Yongfa , Chen Xianjie , Zhang Hanjie , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA full‐spectrum (300–700 nm) responsive porphyrin supramolecular photocatalyst with a theoretical solar spectrum efficiency of 44.4% is successfully constructed. For the first time, hydrogen and oxygen evolution (40.8 and 36.1 µmol g−1 h−1) is demonstrated by a porphyrin photocatalyst without the addition of any cocatalysts. The strong oxidizing performance also presents an efficient photodegradation activity that is more than ten times higher than that of g‐C3N4 for the photodegradation of phenol. The high photocatalytic reduction and oxidation activity arises from a strong built‐in electric field due to molecular dipoles of electron‐trapping groups and the nanocrystalline structure of the supramolecular photocatalyst. The appropriate band structure of the supramolecular photocatalyst adjusted via the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of the porphyrin gives rise to thermodynamic driving potential for H2 and O2 evolution under visible light irradiation. Controlling the energy band structure of photocatalysts via the ordered assembly of structure‐designed organic molecules could provide a novel approach for the design of organic photocatalysts in energy and environmental applications.
Exceptional Performance of Hierarchical Ni–Fe (hydr)oxide@NiCu Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Yongfang , Wang Zixu , Pan Ziyan , Liu Le , Xi Jingyu , Luo Xuanli , Shen Yi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost bifunctional electrocatalysts with superior activity for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great importance for the widespread application of the water splitting technique. In this work, using earth‐abundant transition metals (i.e., nickel, iron, and copper), 3D hierarchical nanoarchitectures, consisting of ultrathin Ni–Fe layered‐double‐hydroxide (Ni–Fe LDH) nanosheets or porous Ni–Fe oxides (NiFeOx) assembled to a metallic NiCu alloy, are delicately constructed. In alkaline solution, the as‐prepared Ni–Fe LDH@NiCu possesses outstanding OER activity, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 218 mV, which is smaller than that of RuO2 catalyst (249 mV). In contrast, the resulting NiFeOx@NiCu exhibits better HER activity, yielding a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 66 mV, which is slightly higher than that of Pt catalyst (53 mV) but superior to all other transition metal (hydr)oxide‐based electrocatalysts. The remarkable activity of the Ni–Fe LDH@NiCu and NiFeOx@NiCu is further demonstrated by a 1.5 V solar‐panel‐powered electrolyzer, resulting in current densities of 10 and 50 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 293 and 506 mV, respectively. Such performance renders the as‐prepared materials as the best bifunctional electrocatalysts so far.
Assembling 2D MXenes into Highly Stable Pseudocapacitive Electrodes with High Power and Energy Densities
Authors: VahidMohammadi Armin , Mojtabavi Mehrnaz , Caffrey Nuala Mai , Wanunu Meni , Beidaghi Majid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectrochemical capacitors (ECs) that store charge based on the pseudocapacitive mechanism combine high energy densities with high power densities and rate capabilities. 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) have been recently introduced as high‐rate pseudocapacitive materials with ultrahigh areal and volumetric capacitances. So far, 20 different MXene compositions have been synthesized and many more are theoretically predicted. However, since most MXenes are chemically unstable in their 2D forms, to date only one MXene composition, Ti3C2Tx, has shown stable pseudocapacitive charge storage. Here, a cation‐driven assembly process is demonstrated to fabricate highly stable and flexible multilayered films of V2CTx and Ti2CTx MXenes from their chemically unstable delaminated single‐layer flakes. The electrochemical performance of electrodes fabricated using assembled V2CTx flakes surpasses Ti3C2Tx in various aqueous electrolytes. These electrodes show specific capacitances as high as 1315 F cm−3 and retain ≈77% of their initial capacitance after one million charge/discharge cycles, an unprecedented performance for pseudocapacitive materials. This work opens a new venue for future development of high‐performance supercapacitor electrodes using a variety of 2D materials as building blocks.
Attaching Photochemically Active Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complex Units to Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a‐C:H) Layers
Authors: Schink Carina , Catena Alberto , Heintz Katharina , Görls Helmar , Beresko Christian , Ankerhold Georg , von der Au Marcus , Meermann Björn , Van Malderen Stijn J. M. , Vanhaecke Frank , Wehner Stefan , Imhof Wolfgang , Fischer Christian B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmorphous hydrogenated carbon (a‐C:H) films are applied 500 nm thick on Si(100) via plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using ethyne. Present plasma conditions enrich the sp2‐content especially toward the outermost a‐C:H layers, which in turn are used to attach a photoactive Ru‐polypyridyl complex to the surface. An azo‐bridged dinuclear Ru‐polypyridyl complex is optimized in synthesis and the final mononuclear fragment attached on a‐C:H photochemically under UV‐irradiation with concomitant N2 release. The Ru‐polypyridyl complex is characterized by MS, NMR, IR, UV/vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and time‐dependent density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Crystallographic data for the intermediate 4‐nitro‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridine 1‐oxide as essential precursor are established. Morphological characteristics of the a‐C:H @ Si and final Ru(complex) @ a‐C:H @ Si combinations are determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealing individual grain‐like structures. The presence of Ru on the a‐C:H @ Si surface is initially verified qualitatively by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and by inductively coupled plasma‐sector field mass spectrometry (ICP‐SF‐MS) after chemical digestion. With laser ablation‐ICP‐MS mapping, full Ru coverage is proven, also revealing inhomogeneities in terms of “Ru hot spots”. The current investigation proves the successful attachment of a Ru‐complex on a‐C:H and indicates a starting point for the development of further material combinations for feasible sunlight to energy conversions.
Synthesis of Enantiopure γ‐Lactones via a RuPHOX‐Ru Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of γ‐Keto Acids
Authors: Li Jing , Ma Yujie , Lu Yufei , Liu Yangang , Liu Delong , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA RuPHOX−Ru catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of γ‐keto acids has been developed, affording the corresponding enantiopure γ‐lactones in high yields and with up to 97% ee. The reaction could be performed on a gram scale with a relatively low catalyst loading (up to 10000 S/C) under the indicated reaction conditions and the resulting products can be transformed to several enantiopure building blocks, biologically active compounds and enantiopure drugs.magnified image
Dichloromethane as C1 Building Block: Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstitued 1,3,5‐Triazines via Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic C−H/C−Cl Cleavage
Authors: Yan Yizhe , Cui Chang , Wang Jianyong , Li Shaoqing , Liu Yanqi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative annulation of amidines with dichloromethane was first demonstrated. Using this novel approach, 16 examples of symmetrical 2,4‐disubstitued 1,3,5‐triazines and 7 examples of unsymmetrical ones were obtained with up to 82% yields. Moreover, a D‐labeling experiment proved that dichloromethane was employed as the C1 building block and solvent. A primary kinetic isotope effect revealed that the C−H cleavage of dichloromethane might be a rate‐determining step. This protocol provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of heterocycles.magnified image
Partially Reduced Holey Graphene Oxide as High Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Jin , Zhang Yi‐Zhou , Zhang Fan , Liang Hanfeng , Ming Fangwang , Alshareef Husam N. , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe current Na+ storage performance of carbon‐based materials is still hindered by the sluggish Na+ ion transfer kinetics and low capacity. Graphene and its derivatives have been widely investigated as electrode materials in energy storage and conversion systems. However, as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), the severe π–π restacking of graphene sheets usually results in compact structure with a small interlayer distance and a long ion transfer distance, thus leading to low capacity and poor rate capability. Herein, partially reduced holey graphene oxide is prepared by simple H2O2 treatment and subsequent low temperature reduction of graphene oxide, leading to large interlayer distance (0.434 nm), fast ion transport, and larger Na+ storage space. The partially remaining oxygenous groups can also contribute to the capacity by redox reaction. As anode material for SIBs, the optimized electrode delivers high reversible capacity, high rate capability (365 and 131 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 10 A g−1, respectively), and good cycling performance (163 mAh g−1 after 3000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1), which is among the best reported performances for carbon‐based SIB anodes.
p‐Wave Superfluid Phases of Fermi Molecules in a Bilayer Lattice Array
Authors: Domínguez‐Castro Gustavo Alexis , Paredes Rosario 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe superfluid phases in an ultracold gas of dipolar Fermi molecules lying in two parallel square lattices in 2D are investigated. As shown by a two‐body study, dipole moments oriented in opposite directions in each layer are the key ingredients in our mean‐field analysis from which unconventional superfluidity is predicted. The phase diagram summarizes our findings: stable and metastable superfluid phases appear as a function of both, the dipole–dipole interaction coupling parameter and filling factor. A first‐order phase transition, and thus a mixture of superfluid phases at different densities, is revealed from the coexistence curves in the metastable region. The model predicts that these superfluid phases can be observed experimentally at 10 nK in molecules of NaK confined in optical lattices of size nm. Other routes to reach higher temperatures require the use of subwavelength confinement technique.
NOON State Generation with Phonons in Acoustic Wave Resonators Assisted by a Nitrogen‐Vacancy‐Center Ensemble
Authors: Li Jiu‐Ming , Hua Ming , Yan Xue‐Qun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSince the quality factor of an acoustic wave resonator (AWR) reached 1011, AWRs have been regarded as a good carrier of quantum information. In this paper, a scheme to construct a NOON state with two AWRs assisted by a nitrogen‐vacancy‐center ensemble (NVE) is proposed. The two AWRs cross each other vertically, and the NVE is located at the center of the crossing. By considering the decoherence of the system and using resonant interactions between the AWRs and the NVE, and the single‐qubit operation of the NVE, a NOON state can be achieved with a fidelity higher than 98.8% when the number of phonons in the AWR is .
Access to Metastable Gel States Using Seeded Self‐Assembly of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Gelators
Authors: Wang Yiming , de Kruijff Robin M. , Lovrak Matija , Guo Xuhong , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHere we report on how metastable supramolecular gels can be formed through seeded self‐assembly of multicomponent gelators. Hydrazone‐based gelators decorated with non‐ionic and anionic groups are formed in situ from hydrazide and aldehyde building blocks, and lead through multiple self‐sorting processes to the formation of heterogeneous gels approaching thermodynamic equilibrium. Interestingly, the addition of seeds composing of oligomers of gelators bypasses the self‐sorting processes and accelerates the self‐assembly along a kinetically favored pathway, resulting in homogeneous gels of which the network morphologies and gel stiffness are markedly different from the thermodynamically more stable gel products. Importantly, over time, these metastable homogeneous gel networks are capable of converting into the thermodynamically more stable state. This seeding‐driven formation of out‐of‐equilibrium supramolecular structures is expected to serve as a simple approach towards functional materials with pathway‐dependent properties.
Ferroelectrically Switching Helical Columnar Assembly Comprising Cisoid Conformers of a 1,2,3‐Triazole‐based Liquid Crystal
Authors: Nguyen Manh Linh , Byun Jaeduk , Kim Suwoong , Hyun June Won , Hur Kahyun , Shin Tae Joo , Cho Byoung‐Ki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe 1,2,3‐triazole molecule, which is a product of click chemistry, possesses a high dipole moment and can be a useful polar motif for ferroelectric columnar liquid crystal (LC) materials—though it has not been used to date. Herein, we report the helical assembly and ferroelectric switching properties of a columnar liquid crystal comprising a naphthalene core and 1,2,3‐triazolyl linkages. The molecule assembles into a double‐stranded helical columnar LC structure (Colhel). The X‐ray simulations of cisoid and transoid columnar models suggest that the helical assembly comprises cisoid conformers with a non‐zero dipole moment. The helical columns in the Colhel phase are aligned homeotropically under an electric field. The ferroelectric switching of the axial polarization can be observed in the temperature range of 105–115 °C in the Colhel phase, wherein the triazolyl hydrogen bonding along the column axis is weakened. The ferroelectric switching event is attributed to the rotation of the polar triazolyl units in response to the electric field.
A Facile Route to Nonlinear Optical Materials: Three‐Site Aliovalent Substitution Involving One Cation and Two Anions
Authors: Chen Jin , Hu Chun‐Li , Mao Fei‐Fei , Feng Jiang‐He , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTwo mixed‐metal gallium iodate fluorides, namely, α‐ and β‐Ba2[GaF4(IO3)2](IO3) (1 and 2), have been designed by the aliovalent substitutions of α‐ and β‐Ba2[VO2F2(IO3)2](IO3) (3 and 4) involving one cationic and two anionic sites. Both 1 and 2 display large second‐harmonic generation responses (≈6×KH2PO4 (KDP)), large energy band gaps (4.61 and 4.35 eV), wide transmittance ranges (≈0.27–12.5 μm), and high relevant laser‐induced damage thresholds (29.7× and 28.3×AgGaS2, respectively), which indicates that 1 and 2 are potential second‐order nonlinear optical materials in the ultraviolet to mid‐infrared. Our studies propose that three‐site aliovalent substitution is a facile route for the discovery of good NLO materials.
Effect of Two‐Dimensional Crystal Orbitals on Fermi Surfaces and Electron Transport in Three‐Dimensional Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Dylla Maxwell Thomas , Kang Stephen Dongmin , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPerovskite oxides are candidate materials in catalysis, fuel cells, thermoelectrics, and electronics, where electronic transport is vital to their use. While the fundamental transport properties of these materials have been heavily studied, there are still key features that are not well understood, including the temperature‐squared behavior of their resistivities. Standard transport models fail to account for this atypical property because Fermi surfaces of many perovskite oxides are low‐dimensional and distinct from traditional semiconductors. In this work, the low‐dimensional Fermi surfaces of perovskite oxides are chemically interpreted in terms of two‐dimensional crystal orbitals that form the conduction bands. Using SrTiO3 as a case study, the d/p‐hybridization that creates these low‐dimensional electronic structures is reviewed and connected to its fundamentally different electronic properties. A low‐dimensional band model explains several experimental transport properties, including the temperature and carrier‐density dependence of the effective mass, the carrier‐density dependence of scattering, and the temperature dependence of resistivity. This work highlights how chemical bonding influences semiconductor transport.
CT/MRI‐Guided Synergistic Radiotherapy and X‐ray Inducible Photodynamic Therapy Using Tb‐Doped Gd‐W‐Nanoscintillators
Authors: Yu Xujiang , Liu Xinyi , Wu Weijie , Yang Kai , Mao Rihua , Ahmad Farooq , Chen Xiaoyuan , Li Wanwan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of X‐rays instead of UV/Vis light to trigger photodynamic therapy, named X‐ray inducible photodynamic therapy, holds tremendous promise due to a high penetration capacity in tissues and is worthy of in‐depth study. In this study, a novel multifunctional nanoagent based on Merocyanine 540‐coupled Gd2(WO4)3:Tb nanoscintillators and the vitalization of its abilities for dual‐modal computed tomography and the magnetic‐resonance‐imaging‐guided synergistic radio‐/X‐ray inducible photodynamic therapy of tumors is reported. Synergistic therapies show a higher tumor growth inhibition efficiency at a lower X‐ray dose than radiotherapy alone. Through this proof‐of‐concept work, a way to tactfully understand and utilize nanoscintillators for cancer theranostics is shown.
RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of eye coloration genes in the western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus Knight)
Authors: Brent Colin S. , Hull J. Joe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInsect eye coloration arises from the accumulation of various pigments. A number of genes that function in the biosynthesis (vermilion, cinnabar, and cardinal) and importation (karmoisin, white, scarlet, and brown) of these pigments, and their precursors, have been identified in diverse species and used as markers for transgenesis and gene editing. To examine their suitability as visible markers in Lygus hesperus Knight (western tarnished plant bug), transcriptomic data were screened for sequences exhibiting homology with the Drosophila melanogaster proteins. Complete open reading frames encoding putative homologs for all seven genes were identified. Bioinformatic‐based sequence and phylogenetic analyses supported initial annotations as eye coloration genes. Consistent with their proposed role, each of the genes was expressed in adult heads as well as throughout nymphal and adult development. Adult eyes of those injected with double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) for karmoisin, vermilion, cinnabar, cardinal, and scarlet were characterized by a red band along the medial margin extending from the rostral terminus to the antenna. In contrast, eyes of insects injected with dsRNAs for both white and brown were a uniform light brown. White knockdown also produced cuticular and behavioral defects. Based on its expression profile and robust visible phenotype, cardinal would likely prove to be the most suitable marker for developing gene editing methods in Lygus species.
Rational design and characterization of bioplastics from Hermetia illucens prepupae proteins
Authors: Barbi Silvia , Messori Massimo , Manfredini Tiziano , Pini Martina , Montorsi Monia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study proteins extracted from prepupae of Hermetia illucens, also known as black soldier fly, are investigated as promising base for a new type of bioplastics for agricultural purposes. Design of experiments techniques are employed to perform a rational study on the effects of different combination of glycerol as plasticizer, citric acid as cross‐linking agent and distilled water as solvent on the capability of proteins to form a free‐standing film through casting technique, keeping as fixed the quantity of proteins. Glycerol shows interesting properties as plasticizer contributing to the formation of homogenous and free‐standing film. Moreover, mechanical and thermal characterizations are performed to estimate the effect of increasing amounts of proteins on the final properties and thickness of the specimens. Proteins derived from H. illucens can be successfully employed as base for bioplastics to be employed for agricultural purposes.
Song: I love ketone bodies (to the tune of “shape of you”)
Authors: McLachlin Derek T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis song alludes to the main sources of stored energy used by the brain in an extended fasting situation: first glycogen, then proteins (broken down to provide starting material for gluconeogenesis), then fatty acids. Notably for the song, because the brain does not directly take up fatty acids, the liver converts fatty acids to ketone bodies, which are then released into the bloodstream for the brain's benefit. The brain can absorb ketone bodies and convert them to acetyl‐CoA, allowing ATP production through the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(2): 211–211, 2019.