bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational therapists' contributions to fostering older adults' social participation: A scoping review
Authors: Turcotte Pier-Luc , Carrier Annie , Roy Vanessa , Levasseur Mélanie 
Published: March 2018

Introduction To promote active and healthy ageing, it is important to foster social participation. Although well positioned to do so, few community occupational therapists intervene to address social participation, and no review of promising and current practices is available. This study synthesised knowledge on community occupational therapy practices fostering older adults' social participation. Method A scoping review involved searches in eight databases using 49 keywords. Studies were selected by two reviewers and content-analysed following PRISMA guidelines. Results Of the 32 selected studies, most involved descriptive ( n = 11; 34%), randomised controlled trial ( n = 9; 28%) or quasi-experimental ( n = 7; 22%) designs, and were conducted mainly in the USA ( n = 8; 25%), Canada ( n = 6; 19%) and Sweden ( n = 6; 19%). Twenty promising practices combined multi-component interventions ( n = 11; 55%), or involved group ( n = 5; 25%) or individual ( n = 4; 20%) sessions. Promising practices improved participation in social activities ( n = 13; 65%), social interactions ( n = 6; 30%), self-rated health ( n = 6; 30%) and quality of life ( n = 6; 30%), and reduced health-care costs ( n = 4; 20%). Facing organisational and systemic barriers, current practices rarely incorporated these possibilities. Conclusion Efforts to foster older adults' social participation appear to be cost-effective but need to be further incorporated into practice. Research should engage community stakeholders in implementing these possibilities.
Reasons for readmission to hospital after hip fracture: Implications for occupational therapy
Authors: Lockwood Kylee J , Harding Katherine E , Boyd Jude N , Taylor Nicholas F 
Published: March 2018

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the rate of readmission to hospital after hip fracture. The relationship between readmission to hospital and a range of social and functional variables, including receiving a home visit by an occupational therapist prior to discharge from hospital, was explored. Method A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 154 patients returning to community living following hip fracture. Multivariate logistic regression identified variables associated with risk of readmission to hospital. Results One in three patients was readmitted to hospital within 12 months after discharge, with 7% readmitted within 30 days. The most common reason for readmission was another fall. A low level of mobility prior to hip fracture was the strongest independent predictor of risk of readmission to hospital. There was no association between receiving a pre-discharge home visit by an occupational therapist and risk of readmission to hospital. Conclusion Rates of readmission to hospital are high after hip fracture, and falls are the single most common reason for readmission. Interventions provided by occupational therapists, including home visits, should emphasise and incorporate evidence-based falls prevention strategies.
Effects of nerve growth factor experimentally-induced craniofacial muscle sensitization on referred pain frequency and number of headache days: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Exposto FG , Masuda M , Castrillon EE , Svensson P 
Published: March 2018

Objective To assess if repeated intramuscular injections of nerve growth factor into the temporalis and masseter muscles increase mechanical sensitivity and entropy scores. Furthermore, to investigate if increased mechanical sensitivity would lead to increased prevalence of referred pain in the studied individuals. Finally, if increased muscle sensitization would lead to an increase in number of headache days during the experimental period. Methods The present double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study recruited 16 healthy participants who were injected with nerve growth-factor, on 2 days, into the masseter and temporalis muscles and isotonic saline on the contralateral side. Mechanical sensitivity was assessed at seven different time-points (total of 21 days) by application of three different forces to 15 different sites of both muscles. Participants were asked after each force application if they experienced referred pain and were asked to keep a headache diary during the experimental period. Results In summary, a) repeated intramuscular injections of nerve-growth-factor caused an increase in mechanical sensitivity for the masseter but not the temporalis muscle, and an increase in entropy scores when compared to the isotonic saline side. b) Both referred pain frequency and number of headache days were not increased following nerve-growth-factor injections. Conclusions These findings support the idea that mechanical sensitization in the masseter and temporalis muscles differs following injections of nerve growth factor. Furthermore, referred pain and headache frequency do not seem to be related to nerve growth factor sensitization in this model. These findings support the idea that in healthy individuals referred pain may be an epiphenomenon of the muscle in response to noxious input.
White matter hyperintensities and headache: A population-based imaging study (HUNT MRI)
Authors: Honningsvåg Lasse-Marius , Håberg Asta Kristine , Hagen Knut , Kvistad Kjell Arne , Stovner Lars Jacob , Linde Mattias 
Published: March 2018

Objective To examine the relationship between white matter hyperintensities and headache. Methods White matter hyperintensities burden was assessed semi-quantitatively using Fazekas and Scheltens scales, and by manual and automated volumetry of MRI in a sub-study of the general population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT MRI). Using validated questionnaires, participants were categorized into four cross-sectional headache groups: Headache-free (n = 551), tension-type headache (n = 94), migraine (n = 91), and unclassified headache (n = 126). Prospective questionnaire data was used to further categorize participants into groups according to the evolution of headache during the last 12 years: Stable headache-free, past headache, new onset headache, and persistent headache. White matter hyperintensities burden was compared across headache groups using adjusted multivariate regression models. Results Individuals with tension-type headache were more likely to have extensive white matter hyperintensities than headache-free subjects, with this being the case across all methods of white matter hyperintensities assessment (Scheltens scale: Odds ratio, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.44–4.20). Migraine or unclassified headache did not influence the odds of having extensive white matter hyperintensities. Those with new onset headache were more likely to have extensive white matter hyperintensities than those who were stable headache-free (Scheltens scale: Odds ratio, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.13–4.44). Conclusions Having tension-type headache or developing headache in middle age was linked to extensive white matter hyperintensities. These results were similar across all methods of assessing white matter hyperintensities. If white matter hyperintensities treatment strategies emerge in the future, this association should be taken into consideration.
Hemoadsorption of high-mobility-group box 1 using a porous polymethylmethacrylate fiber in a swine acute liver failure model
Authors: Amemiya Ryusuke , Shinoda Masahiro , Yamada Masayuki , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Shimada Kaoru , Fujieda Hiroaki , Yagi Hiroshi , Mizota Takamasa , Nishiyama Ryo , Oshima Go , Yamada Shingo , Matsubara Kentaro , Abe Yuta , Hibi Taizo , Kitago Minoru , Obara Hideaki , Itano Osamu , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: March 2018

Background: High-mobility-group box chromosomal protein 1 has been identified as an important mediator of various kinds of acute and chronic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to develop a column that effectively adsorbs high-mobility-group box chromosomal protein 1 by altering the pore size of the fiber. Materials and methods: First, we produced three types of porous polymethylmethacrylate fiber by altering the concentration of polymethylmethacrylate dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. We then selected a fiber based on the results of an in vitro incubation test of high-mobility-group box chromosomal protein 1 adsorption. Using the selected fiber, we constructed a new column and tested its high-mobility-group box chromosomal protein 1 adsorption capacity during 4-h extracorporeal hemoperfusion in a swine acute liver failure model. Results: Electron microscope observation showed that the three types of fibers had different pore sizes on the surface and in cross section, which were dependent on the concentration of polymethylmethacrylate. In the in vitro incubation test, fiber with moderate-sized pores demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity. In the in vivo hemoperfusion study, the ratio of the high-mobility-group box chromosomal protein 1 concentration at the outlet versus the inlet of the column was significantly lower with the new column than with the control column during 4-h extracorporeal hemoperfusion. The normalized plasma level of high-mobility-group box chromosomal protein 1 at 12 h after the completion of hemoperfusion was significantly lower with the new column than with the control column. Conclusion: The newly developed polymethylmethacrylate column adsorbs high-mobility-group box chromosomal protein 1 during hemoperfusion in swine ALF model.
Exaggerated Arthropod Bite Reaction During Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Genois Annie , Côté Benoit , Belisle Annie 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The diagnosis of exaggerated bite reactions is based on the clinical and pathological characteristics of the lesions. These reactions can be an indicator of impending immune suppression. Methods: The authors report the case of a 35-year-old pregnant woman who presented with a pruriginous vesicular and pustular eruption over her thighs and buttocks. The clinical and pathological findings were compatible with an exaggerated bite reaction. The patient did not report any severe or exaggerated reaction to insect bites in the past. It was her first episode. Conclusion: Exaggerated bite reactions have been described with hematological malignancies, mostly chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In our literature review, we did not find any reports of severe local bite reactions occurring during pregnancy. We hypothesize that the changes in the immune system during pregnancy might explain the development of exaggerated bite reactions in our patient.
Reducing rates of Clostridium difficile infection by switching to a stand-alone NAAT with clear sampling criteria
Authors: Casari E. , De Luca C. , Calabrò M. , Scuderi C. , Daleno C. , Ferrario A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
Clostridium difficile infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality but the optimal method of diagnosis for both patient management and infection prevention remains controversial.

Methods
Our hospital made a decision to switch from the use of toxin immunoassay to a stand-alone nucleic acid test. This change was accompanied by the provision of clear sampling guidance and rejection criteria and this study aimed to assess the impact of that change. We analysed sample numbers, numbers of positive results, and the proportion of cases assessed as healthcare acquired over a 6-year period during which the testing method was changed from a toxin A/B immunoassay to a stand-alone commercial nucleic acid test after the first two years.

Results
Sample numbers and numbers of cases assessed as healthcare acquired fell following the introduction of the nucleic acid test and sampling guidance, while infection rates in other hospitals in the same region remained relatively stable.

Conclusions
It is our opinion that the use of a highly sensitive assay together with clear sampling guidance offers the optimal approach to patient management and best use of isolation facilities.
Molecular Analysis of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Saudi Arabia: SLC26A7 Mutation Is a Novel Defect in Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis
Authors: Zou Minjing , Alzahrani Ali S , Al-Odaib Ali , Alqahtani Mohammad A , Babiker Omer , Al-Rijjal Roua A , BinEssa Huda A , Kattan Walaa E , Al-Enezi Anwar F , Al Qarni Ali , Al-Faham Manar S A , Baitei Essa Y , Alsagheir Afaf , Meyer Brian F , Shi Yufei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Context
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder, affecting one in 3000 to 4000 newborns. Since the introduction of a newborn screening program in 1988, more than 300 cases have been identified. The underlying genetic defects have not been systematically studied.

Objective
To identify the mutation spectrum of CH-causing genes.

Methods
Fifty-five patients from 47 families were studied by next-generation exome sequencing.

Results
Mutations were identified in 52.7% of patients (29 of 55) in the following 11 genes: TG, TPO, DUOX2, SLC26A4, SLC26A7, TSHB, TSHR, NKX2-1, PAX8, CDCA8, and HOXB3. Among 30 patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis, biallelic TG mutations were found in 12 patients (40%), followed by biallelic mutations in TPO (6.7%), SLC26A7 (6.7%), and DUOX2 (3.3%). Monoallelic SLC26A4 mutations were found in two patients, one of them coexisting with two tandem biallelic deletions in SLC26A7. In 25 patients with thyroid dysgenesis, biallelic mutations in TSHR were found in six patients (24%). Biallelic mutations in TSHB, PAX 8, NKX2-1, or HOXB3 were found once in four different patients. A monoallelic CDCA8 mutation was found in one patient. Most mutations were novel, including three TG, two TSHR, and one each in DUOX2, TPO, SLC26A7, TSHB, NKX2-1, PAX8, CDCA8, and HOXB3. SLC26A7 and HOXB3 were novel genes associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis and dysgenesis, respectively.

Conclusions
TG and TSHR mutations are the most common genetic defects in Saudi patients with CH. The prevalence of other disease-causing mutations is low, reflecting the consanguineous nature of the population. SLC26A7 mutations appear to be associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis.
Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling Reveals a Lipid-Rich Fingerprint of Free Thyroxine Far Beyond Classic Parameters
Authors: Lange Thomas , Budde Kathrin , Homuth Georg , Kastenmüller Gabi , Artati Anna , Krumsiek Jan , Völzke Henry , Adamski Jerzy , Petersmann Astrid , Völker Uwe , Nauck Matthias , Friedrich Nele , Pietzner Maik 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
Thyroid hormones are ubiquitously involved in human metabolism. However, the precise molecular patterns associated with alterations in thyroid hormones levels remain to be explored in detail. A number of recent studies took great advantage of metabolomics profiling to outline the metabolic actions of thyroid hormones in humans.

Methods
Among 952 participants in the Study of Health in Pomerania, data on serum free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin and comprehensive nontargeted metabolomics data from plasma and urine samples were available. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between FT4 or thyrotropin and metabolite levels.

Results and Conclusion
After accounting for major confounders, 106 of 613 plasma metabolites were significantly associated with FT4. The associations in urine were minor (12 of 587). Most of the plasma metabolites consisted of lipid species, and subsequent analysis of highly resolved lipoprotein subclasses measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a consistent decrease in several of these species (e.g., phospholipids) and large low-density lipoprotein and small high-density lipoprotein particles. The latter was unique to men. Several polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids displayed an association with FT4 in women only. A random forest-based variable selection approach using phenotypic characteristics revealed higher alcohol intake in men and an adverse thyroid state and menopause in women as the putative mediating factors. In general, our observations have confirmed the lipolytic and lipogenic effect of thyroid hormones even in the physiological range and revealed different phenotypic characteristics (e.g., lifestyle differences) as possible confounders for sex-specific findings.
Perceived patient burden and acceptability of whole body MRI for staging lung and colorectal cancer; comparison with standard staging investigations
Authors: Evans Ruth EC , Taylor Stuart A , Beare Sandra , Halligan Steve , Morton Alison , Oliver Alf , Rockall Andrea , Miles Anne 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To evaluate perceived patient burden and acceptability of whole body MRI (WB-MRI) compared to standard staging investigations, and identify predictors of reduced tolerance.

Methods:
Patients recruited to multicentre trials comparing WB-MRI with standard staging scans for lung and colorectal cancer were invited to complete two questionnaires: a baseline questionnaire at recruitment, measuring demographics, comorbidities, and distress; and a follow-up questionnaire after staging, measuring recovery time, comparative acceptability/satisfaction between WB-MRI and CT (colorectal cancer) and PET-CT (lung cancer), and perceived scan burden (scored 1, low; 7, high).

Results:
115 patients (median age 66.3 years; 67 males) completed follow up and 103 baseline questionnaires. 69 (63.9%) reported “immediate” recovery from WB-MRI and 73 (65.2%) judged it “very acceptable”. Perceived WB-MRI burden was greater than for CT (p &lt; 0.001) and PET-CT (p &lt; 0.001). High distress and comorbidities were associated with greater WB-MRI burden in adjusted analyses, with deprivation only approaching significance (adjusted regression β = 0.223, p = 0.025; β = 0.191, p = 0.048; β = −0.186, p = 0.059 respectively). Age (p = 0.535), gender (p = 0.389), ethnicity (p = 0.081) and cancer type (p = 0.201) were not predictive of WB-MRI burden.

Conclusion:
WB-MRI is marginally less acceptable and more burdensome than standard scans, particularly for patients with pre-existing distress and comorbidities.

Advances in knowledge:
This research shows that WB-MRI scan burden, although low, is higher than for current staging modalities among patients with suspected colorectal or lung cancer. Psychological and physical comorbidities adversely impact on patient experience of WB-MRI. Patients with high distress or comorbid illness may need additional support to undergo a WB-MRI.
Medical students- Attitude towards sexuality at the time of joining medical course
Authors: Shah Charmi 
Published: March 2018

Aim of the studyAmong the freshly joined medical students,to study the attitude towards various aspects of sexuality for self and Others & to explore the gender differences in them.Subject or material and methodsStudy setting:
Participants were the 98 students who had joined the medical course before 3 weeks.
Material:
Trueblood Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire (TSAQ)ResultsStudents have shown liberal attitudes towards others’ sexuality behaviors than for self & the difference is statistically significant .
Most liberal attitude found was towards others’ heterosexual behaviors and most conservative was for self homosexual behavior.
Only the difference between homosexuality and heterosexuality is statistically significant in attitudes towards self and others’ sexuality.
Males are having more liberal attitudes than females in both aspects-self & others & the gender difference is statistically significant in both the aspects.DiscussionStudent are having more negative attitude for others with homosexual behaviors, indulged in commercial activities or using variations in sexual behaviors. On the contrary, masturbation and heterosexual behavior is little more acceptable.Males are more liberal than females in each domain studied related to sexual behavior.
Due to having negative attitudes, the students may experience difficulty in dealing with sexual aspects of health particularly of the people having homosexual orientation, commercial sex workers or people involving in sexual variations.ConclusionsStudents are having different attitudes for self and others for sexuality behaviors. They are liberal for others. Male students are more liberal than females. All students are most conservative for homosexual behaviors and most liberal for heterosexual behavior.
Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Released from Various Types of Decorative Particleboards
Authors: Liqun Jiang , Jun Shen , Hongwei Li , Xiwei Shen , Huajun Dong 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Surface finishes change the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from wood-based panels. This research studied the effects of different finishes on the VOCs released from particleboard (18 mm thick). Various materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), melamine paper, and water-based paint, were compared with unfinished particleboard. A 1-m3 climate chamber and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy were used to examine the types and rates of release and the percentages of various VOCs released by decorative particleboard over 28 days. By comparing the characteristics of VOCs released from unfinished particleboard, the effects of different surface finishes were determined. The VOC substances of concern released from particleboards were analyzed by their type and concentration until they reached a state of equilibrium on day 28. Results showed that none of the surface finishes changed the variety of total VOC (TVOC) released from particleboard, but they had a prominent influence on the rate of TVOC released, especially in the early stages. Acrylic water-based paint increased the TVOC release rate from the particleboard, whereas the PVC and melamine finishes decreased the rate. Surface finishing greatly influences the concentration of various VOCs. Although the same types of VOCs were released by the various finished particleboards, they each had different release rates and different variations in their release-rate tendencies. Surface finishing can change the percentages of various VOC components, so that the amounts were different depending on the finish, and different types of VOCs were controlled better by certain types of finishes.
Teilhard de Chardin: nuevos paradigmas geológicos y prehistoria humana, en el centenario de Eduardo Suess
Authors: Sequeiros Leandros 
Published: March 2018

El centenario del fallecimiento del geólogo Eduard Suess el 26 de abril 1914 es la ocasión para indagar en el conocimiento que Teilhard tenía de las ideas innovadoras en Ciencias de la Tierra y la aceptación por su parte de aquellos paradigmas que contribuyeron a su trabajo como geólogo en China durante veinte años. En el año 1921, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin publica en Études, la revista de los jesuitas franceses, un artículo al que titula como «La faz de la Tierra». El autor pretende informar a los lectores de las ideas más sobresalientes de uno de los grandes geólogos de finales del siglo xix y de inicio del siglo xx: Eduard Suess. Esta indagación ofrece la posibilidad de reflexionar filosóficamente sobre la epistemología oculta en Teilhard de Chardin y que contribuye de modo decisivo en la construcción de su gran síntesis. Por otra parte, hace cien años, entre 1912 y 1914, el joven Pierre Teilhard de Chardin dedica su tiempo al estudio de la prehistoria en París bajo la dirección de Marcellin Boule en el Instituto de Paleontología humana, incorporado al Museo de Historia Natural. Teilhard descubre que el conocimiento de las raíces humanas podría ser posible gracias a la emergencia de una disciplina nueva: la prehistoria. Entusiasmado con este descubrimiento, publica en 1913 un artículo en la revista de los jesuitas franceses, Études, en el que justifica el carácter científico de la prehistoria y su potencialidad para llegar a conocer nuestros orígenes humanos