bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with community-acquired mycoplasma pneumonia in Nanjing
Authors: Xu Changdi , Ma Xiao , Zhang Fengxia , Bi Ying , Rong Qiangquan , Quan Yao , Zhu Yifan , Zhao Deyu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a ubiquitous pathogen, causing various manifestations of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed to update the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of community-acquired mycoplasma pneumonia (CAMP) in hospitalized children in Nanjing and to investigate the association of age, sex, and season of onset with the prognosis of CAMP.
Methods
The clinical data of children <18 years old, hospitalized for CAP in 2016, were collected and reviewed. Blood and nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for pathogen detection, including cultivation, immunofluorescence, and polymerase chain reaction and acid tests. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software.
Results
Of 3377 eligible children with radiographic confirmation of pneumonia, 1249 (36.99%) had M. pneumoniae infection. Although most children (614, 49.16%) with M. pneumoniae infection were ≤3 years old, CAMP occurred mostly in those aged 5-10 years (70.23%). The peak incidence was recorded between July and September (49.05%). Children aged 5-10 years had significantly longer hospitalization and more frequent atelectasis. No significant difference in CAMP was found between the sexes.
Conclusions
M. pneumoniae remains one of the leading pathogens in pediatric CAP .Particular care is necessary for children older than 5 years and during the peak periods of disease.
Genome sequence of the model rice variety KitaakeX
Authors: Jain Rashmi , Jenkins Jerry , Shu Shengqiang , Chern Mawsheng , Martin Joel A. , Copetti Dario , Duong Phat Q. , Pham Nikki T. , Kudrna David A. , Talag Jayson , Schackwitz Wendy S. , Lipzen Anna M. , Dilworth David , Bauer Diane , Grimwood Jane , Nelson Catherine R. , Xing Feng , Xie Weibo , Barry Kerrie W. , Wing Rod A. , Schmutz Jeremy , Li Guotian , Ronald Pamela C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background:
The availability of thousands of complete rice genome sequences from diverse varieties and accessions has laid the foundation for in-depth exploration of the rice genome. One drawback to these collections is that most of these rice varieties have long life cycles, and/or low transformation efficiencies, which limits their usefulness as model organisms for functional genomics studies. In contrast, the rice variety Kitaake has a rapid life cycle (9 weeks seed to seed) and is easy to propagate. For these reasons, Kitaake has emerged as a model for studies of diverse monocotyledonous species.
Results:
Here, we report the de novo genome sequencing and analysis of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica variety KitaakeX, a Kitaake plant carrying the rice XA21 immune receptor. Our KitaakeX sequence assembly contains 377.6 Mb, consisting of 33 scaffolds (476 contigs) with a contig N50 of 1.4 Mb. Complementing the assembly are detailed gene annotations of 35,594 protein coding genes. We identified 331,335 genomic variations between KitaakeX and Nipponbare (ssp. japonica), and 2,785,991 variations between KitaakeX and Zhenshan97 (ssp. indica). We also compared Kitaake resequencing reads to the KitaakeX assembly and identified 219 small variations. The high-quality genome of the model rice plant KitaakeX will accelerate rice functional genomics.
Conclusions:
The high quality, de novo assembly of the KitaakeX genome will serve as a useful reference genome for rice and will accelerate functional genomics studies of rice and other species.
Treatment outcomes of Acute Appendicitis and associated factors among admitted patients with a diagnosis of Acute Abdomen in Debre Markos referral hospital, Amhara region, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Afenigus Abebe Dilie , Bayieh Agumas Mossie , Kassahun Berhanu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Introduction-

Acute abdomen is a sudden onset abdominal disease condition which often requires an immediate surgical intervention. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the vermiform appendix and is one of the most common causes of an acute abdomen in young adults. Appendicitis can cause severe periumbilical pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant, nausea, vomiting and anorexia. If left untreated, it can also cause appendiceal abscess, perforation and peritonitis.

Objective

- To assess treatment outcomes of Acute Appendicitis and associated factors among admitted patients with a diagnosis of acute abdomen in Debre Markos referral hospital from September 11/2018 to March 9/2019.

Methods and materials

- Institutional based cross sectional study was employed among 169 patients using a census sampling method. Data were collected from patient medical records, registration books and anesthesia charts available in the hospital by using checklist. Data was entered using Epi-data version 4.2 and analyzed by SPSS version 25 software. Logistic regression analysis was employed to describe the relationship between outcome and predictor variables.

Results -

Among 303 patients with a diagnosis acute abdomen, 169(55.7%) were developed acute appendicitis, of whom, 107(63.7%) were males and 62 (36.7%) were females. Among 169 patients who underwent appendectomy for treatment of acute appendicitis, 45(26.6%) of them were developed unfavorable treatment outcomes. The odds of unfavorable treatment outcomes for acute appendicitis was higher among patients who had elevated WBC count at the time of presentation [AOR=4.7; 95% CI (1.95, 11.35)] as compared with their counterparts. Similarly, those patients who had an intraoperative appendiceal abscess were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcome for acute appendicitis [AOR= 3.8; 95% CI (1.61, 9.07)] as compared to those who didn’t have appendiceal abscess.

Conclusion and recommendation-

Nearly one-fourth of patients who underwent appendectomy for appendicitis treatment were developed unfavorable treatment outcomes. Elevated WBC count at the time of presentation and presence of intraoperative appendiceal abscess were the factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcome of acute appendicitis. Therefore, immediately evaluate patients having similar features with laboratory investigations is crucial.
Tumor hypoxia impairs NK cell cytotoxicity through SHP-1-mediated attenuation of STAT3 and ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Yanmeng , Teng Rui , Lv Nan , Williamson Ramone A. , Lei Lei , Fan Rong , Chen Ping , Lei Li , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Baiyan , Peng Yue , Fu Jiaqi , Liu Xuna , He Aili , O’Dwyer Michael , Hu Jinsong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effectors with potent anti-tumor activity. Nonetheless, tumor cells have the ability to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby escaping from immune surveillance. Although accumulating evidence indicates that microenvironmental hypoxia plays an important role in favoring tumor development and immune evasion, it is still unclear how hypoxia directly impairs NK cell anti-tumor activity. In this study, we confirmed that hypoxic NK cells show significantly lower cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Consistent with this, we also found that the reduction in NK cell cytotoxicity resulting from hypoxia is related to the lower expression of granzyme B, IFN-γ, degranulation marker CD107a, as well as killer activation receptors including NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D on NK cells. More importantly, we further demonstrated that a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of ERK and STAT3 secondary to hypoxia are tightly associated with the attenuated NK cell cytotoxicity. Focusing on the mechanism responsible for reducing phosphorylation levels of ERK and STAT3, we revealed that the activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 (src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1) following hypoxia may play an essential role in this process. When knocking down SHP-1 or blocking its activity using a specific inhibitor TPI-1, we were able to partially restore NK cell cytotoxicity under hypoxia. Taken together, we demonstrated that hypoxia can impair NK cell cytotoxicity by decreasing the phosphorylation levels of ERK and STAT3 in a SHP-1 dependent manner. Therefore, targeting SHP-1 could provide an approach to enhance NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy.
The (In)visibility of Taiwan – Indonesia Relations: Indonesian Students on the Sideline
Authors: Elias Rangga Aditya 
Published: June 2019

Indonesian students have been playing significant roles as the agent of change in the process of Indonesia’s nation building. In the era of Indonesia’s struggle for independent, students had become the backbone of many important movements. Students were also the driving force of Indonesia democratization movement in 1998. Thus, it can be inferred that students are the important agent in shaping the direction of Indonesia.On the other hand, discord between China and Taiwan regarding Taiwan status has been making Taiwan – Indonesia relations growth more significant in informal than formal channel. One of the efforts to increase the informal channel is undertaken by establishing academic exchanges, scholarships, and scholar exchanges. However this effort is seemingly still on creating cooperation with academic institution to increase the number of Indonesian students in Taiwan per se but it arguably could upgrade both entities relations only if the operationalization of academic policy is parallel with their attempt to increase the relation. Currently, there are approximately 3,052 Indonesian students enroll in many universities in Taiwan. Yet, there is no such effort applying by Taiwan government to take advantages from this situation in order to increase Indonesia-Taiwan further relations. This paper, therefore, is aimed to deliver two arguments. First, Taiwan academic relations with Indonesia are still focusing on the effort to increase the number of Indonesian students in Taiwan and neglect their potential as agent of cooperation. This condition has made the students as agent become invisible. Second, Taiwan’s policy in academic cooperation with Indonesia is not in line with Taiwan’s effort to upgrade its relation with Indonesia. As an impact, Taiwan – Indonesia relation remains stagnant and invisible. In addition this paper will also deliver a clear description of the Indonesian students’ characteristic in Taiwan and the potential factors that are embedded on them. In order to get its finding and support the secondary data, this paper also will conduct observations and interviews to the Indonesian students in Taiwan.
Biohydrogen production from soft drink industry wastewater in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Menezes V. S. , Amorim N. C. S. , Macêdo W. V. , Amorim E. L. C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The wastewater from carbonated soft drinks production was used as substrate in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) to evaluate the production of biohydrogen as a renewable energy. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranged from 8 to 0.5 hours (7.92 to 137.09 kg COD m−3 day−1) throughout the experiment and expanded clay was used as support material for biomass adhesion. The average composition of hydrogen in the biogas under the conditions of this experiment was 34%. The maximum hydrogen yield (HY) and the maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) was 5.87 mol H2/mol substrate and 2.74 L H2 h−1 L−1, respectively, obtained in the HRT of 0.5 hour. Acetic acid was the predominant soluble metabolite detected (88%). Propionic, butyric and caproic acids were quantified with low production (7%, 4% and 1% of soluble metabolites production (SMP)). The anaerobic fluidized bed reactor optimized the average of hydrogen yield by 17% in relation to packed-bed reactors, in a HRT of 0.5 h. The natural fermentation process and operating conditions were favorable to the inhibition of hydrogen-consuming organisms, such as methanogenic archaeas.
Kajian Pengusangan Cepat dan Penyimpanan Biji terhadap Perkecambahan Anaphalis longifolia (Blume) Blume ex.DC.
Authors: Surya Muhammad Imam , Normasiwi Suluh 
Published: June 2019

Anaphalis longifolia merupakan kelompok bunga edelweiss yang memiliki nilai konservasi tinggi, namun upaya konservasi melalui kegiatan penyimpanan biji dan pengembangan usaha pembudidayaannya relatif masih terbatas. Penelitian ini melaporkan hasil dua percobaan yang dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kebun Raya Cibodas. Dalam percobaan pertama, pengusangan biji dilakukan menggunakan etanol 96% dengan 11 lama waktu perendaman (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 dan 100 menit), sedangkan dalam percobaan kedua dilakukan pengujian kualitas daya simpan biji terhadap beberapa tempat penyimpanan seperti desikator, lemari, kulkas 4 oC dan freezer -20 oC selama kurun waktu 12 bulan. Hasil percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa perendaman biji pada etanol 96% selama 10-30 menit mampu memacu perkecambahan biji A. longifolia. Penyimpanan biji A. longifolia untuk waktu yang lama direkomendasikan menggunakan freezer dengan suhu -20 oC.A Study of Accelerated Aging and Seed Storage on the Germination of Anaphalis longifolia (Blume) Blume ex.DC. AbsractAnaphalis longifolia is a group of edelweiss flowers which has a highly conservation value. However, there are only limited information on conservation activities of A. longifolia regarded to the seed storage and cultivation. The study was conducted in the laboratory of Cibodas Botanical Garden. In this study, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, A. longifolia seeds were treated by ethanol 96% with 11 different immersion time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes). In the second experiment, seed storability and viability test were conducted after A. longifolia seeds were saved in desiccator, cabinet, refrigerator 4 oC and freezer -20 oC during 12 months. Results of the first experiment showed that soaking seeds on 96% ethanol for 10-30 minutes was able to stimulate seed germination of A. longifolia. Freezer with temperature -20 oC is recommended to storage A. longifolia for long periods.
Incumbency Disadvantages and Populism in Indonesian Local Elections: Case Studies of Banda Aceh and Takalar
Authors: Nurlinah Nurlinah , Darwin Rizkika Lhena , Haryanto Haryanto 
Published: June 2019

This article seeks to contribute an understanding of how populism informs incumbency disadvantages in elections. Incumbency has been seen as highly beneficial in elections, and many studies have found that incumbent candidates enjoy significant access to resources with which they can campaign. This article, however, finds a different reality, with incumbents in Banda Aceh and Takalar experiencing electoral defeat. In both areas, extensive field studies before and after the local elections found that incumbents’ unwillingness to adopt a populist approach during their terms influenced voters’ choices. The main argument of this article is that, in Indonesia’s local democracies, incumbency has created space for varied models of populism, including the communitarian populism found in Aceh and Takalar. Such populism has emerged from specific socio-cultural contexts at the local level that have shaped voters’ preferences. The socio-cultural context of communal societies such as Aceh and Takalar has informed the truth value through which elites, policies, and phenomena are judged. Ultimately, this communitarian populism cannot be separated from the public’s desires for elections. These two cases offer a profile of how communitarian societies respond to and shape local populism in Indonesia.
Implementation of Discovery Learning Models to Improve Student Learning Outcomes on Additive Materials and Addicitive Substances Topic in 8th Grade As Shiddiqiyah Junior High School
Authors: Apriana Dewi , Wardhani Sri , Haryadi Haryadi 
Published: June 2019

This study is a type of Classroom Action Research (CAR) which aimed to improve students' attitudes, skills and knowledge on additives and addictive substances using Discovery learning model. This study was conducted in 2 cycles, each cycle consists of 4 stages: planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were eighth grade students of As Shiddiqiyah Junior High School in the first semester with a total of 30 students. Data analysis was carried out with quantitative descriptive techniques. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the attitude of students in the learning process had increased, it was known from the results of the average classroom observations in the first cycle was 68.15 which had an increase in the second cycle to 81.14. The skills of students in the first cycle obtained an average yield of 71.36 which increased in cycle II to 84.11. The results of the written test in the first cycle of students' cycles were 59.61 in the second cycle to 81.07. The percentage value in the cycle is 31%, and increases in cycle II by 82%. Based on this study, classical achievement had exceeded 75%, it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning outcomes from the attitudes, skills and knowledge of students in additives and addictive substances in 8th grade As Shiddiqiyah Junior High School.

Keywords: Discovery Learning, Attitudes, Skills, Knowledge, Additives and Addictive Substances
Abstrak. Tujuan untuk meningkatkan sikap, keterampilan dan pengetahuan siswa pada materi zat aditif dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, tiap siklusnya terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP As Shiddiqiyah semester I Tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh ranah sikap siswa pada proses belajar mengalami peningkatan, diketahui dari hasil observasi rata-rata kelas pada siklus I adalah sebesar 68,15 mengalami peningkatan di siklus II menjadi 81,14. Keterampilan siswa pada siklus I memperoleh hasil rata-rata sebesar 71,36 mengalami peningkatan disiklus II menjadi 84,11. Hasil tes tertulis siswa disiklus I nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh adalah 59,61 di siklus II menjadi 81,07. Nilai persentase di siklus sebesar 31% , dan meningkat di siklus II sebesar 82%. Berdasarkan penelitian ini pencapaian klasikal telah melampaui 75% , dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar dari sikap, keterampilan dan pengetahuan siswa pada materi zat aditif dan zat adiktif dikelas VIII SMP As Shiddiqiyah dalam kategori baik sekali.
Kata Kunci: Discovery Learning, Sikap, Keterampilan, Pengetahuan, Zat Aditif dan Zat Adiktif.
Redefining the Indian Left: The AAP Way
Authors: Nath Dr. Abhishek 
Published: June 2019

The spectacular success of BJP in the recent General Elections invited a mixed assessment from different positions. But mostly it was oversimplification and undermining of its success. On the other hand, the victory of AAP in assembly elections was taken as an alternative in making. For example along with other commenter’s in an article (published in The Indian Express, 26 May 2014, op-ed page) renowned lawyer and AAP leader Shri Shanti Bhushan analysed the electoral success of BJP and the future course for AAP that lacks in substance. It tried to under-assessed the BJP’s success and oversimplified the road ahead for AAP. As it like wait till BJP does the same blunders as Congress did. In this paper some light will be thrown on BJP’s success and legacy but will mainly discuss the AAP phenomena in Indian politics with a view to access the recent developments in party and as an emerging alternative that can also be an opportunity to capture the space vacated by the Left movement in India. First of all I would like to argue that considering the BJP after the failed Janta Party Experiment as a ‘faction of Janta Party’ (Shri Bhushan’s views) is not a correct judgment. Actually the Bhartiya Jan Sangha was the last party that remained as Janta Party coalition after the other four parties that came together without merging their distinctive identities to form Janta Party left the coalition at their will to pursue their own ambitions. Hence it was not just a matter of chance that the new party that emerged on the Indian political scene after the failed Janta experiment named Bhartiya Janta Party (Bhartiya Jana Sangha + Janta Party = Bhartiya Janta Party). The then leaders not only launched a new party with inheriting the name but also the legacy. As it was more moderate and reformed on many policy agendas by incorporating Gandhian- JP Legacy to fight against the ruling dispensation. That seed has now grown as a Banyan tree and shadowing the Indian political scene defying all ifs and buts. Although it is still to be tested that how will a full majority BJP will work in coming years as many scholars of Indian politics doubt the BJP’s course of action as a single full majority party (see Christophe Jaffrelot, 2003). It is also because the earlier BJP led government was a crippled and soft BJP as NDA coalition and also Atal Bihari Bajpai as its leader and was not able to pursue its core Hindutwa demands of building Ram temple, Uniform Civil Code and the abolition of Article 370 of the Constitution for the full merger of J&K into Indian Union.
Reivew on Punam V. Barbde Research Paper on Arun Joshi’s “The Foreigner” Published in IJELLH Volume Ii Issue Viii December 2014
Authors: Jain Sourabh 
Published: June 2019

Punam V. Barbde is an Assistant Professor in Amravati. She chose to research on Arun Joshi’s novel, The Foreigner. I think she chose this topic for her research because it is a hot burning issue in our society where everybody is restless, impatient and agitative. People have become more and more materialist and selfish. This trauma, agony, pain and sufferings is explored in the novel, The Foreigner.

In the modern life globalization and modernization, we people have become so self-centered, selfish and egoistic that the important ingredients of being a human-being is left far behind. Ingredients of sympathy, kindness, love, care, and sensitivity is becoming a rare-found species.
Money, materialism and me dominates on human minds so much that there is chaos, confusion, and restlessness all over the place.
A BRIEF REVIEW OF SECURITY METRICS FOR OBJECT-ORIENTED CLASS DESIGNS
Authors: Vishwakarma Mona , Udgir Vaibhav 
Published: June 2019

Measuring quality characteristics of item situated plans (e.g. viability and execution) has been secured by various studies. Be that as it may, these concentrates on have not considered security as much as other quality properties. Additionally, most security studies center at the level of individual system explanations. This approach makes it hard and costly to find and fix vulnerabilities brought about by outline blunders. These metrics enable designers to get associate degreed fix security vulnerabilities at an early stage, and facilitate compare the safety of varied different styles. particularly, we tend to review pervious security metrics to liveknowledge Encapsulation (accessibility) and Cohesion (interactions) of a given object-oriented category from the purpose of read of potential info flow and conjointly discuss concerning their options and downsides.