bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of adjacent‐dental‐implants in prediabetic and systemically healthy subjects at 5‐years follow‐up
Authors: Alrabiah Mohammed , Alrahlah Ali , Al‐Hamdan Rana Sulaiman , Al‐Aali Khulud Abdulrahman , Labban Nawaf , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term survival of adjacent dental implants (ADI) in prediabetic patients remained uninvestigated.PurposeThis 5 years' follow‐up clinical study compared the survival of adjacent implants in prediabetic and nondiabetic subjects.Materials and MethodsPrediabetic (group‐A) and nondiabetic (group‐B) subjects having undergone dental rehabilitation using ADI were assessed. Data about sex, age treatment and period (in years) since diagnosis of prediabetes, and family history of diabetes was gathered and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded. Dental implant related data (dimensions, loading protocol, surface characteristics, restoration type, and duration in function) was recorded. Depth of probing (PD), bleeding‐on‐probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI) were measured and mesial and distal crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded. P values less than .05 were contemplated as statistically‐significant.ResultsSeventy‐nine male individuals (39 in group‐A and 40 in group‐B) were included. Subjects in groups ‐A and ‐B were 54.3 ± 3.6 and 51.2 ± 2.4 years old, respectively. In group‐A, subjects were diagnosed with prediabetes 5.4 ± 0.2 years ago. Patients in group‐A more often had a family history of diabetes than group‐B. Thirty‐nine and 40 ADI were placed in patients in groups ‐A and ‐B, respectively. Tooth‐brushing once daily was reported by 79.5% and 82.5% individuals in groups ‐A and ‐B, respectively. Peri‐implant PI (P<.001), BOP (P<.001), PD (P<.001), mesial (P<.001), and distal (P<.001) CBL and HbA1c levels (P<.001) were higher in group‐A than group‐B. The implant survival rate in group‐A and group‐B was 100% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionAlthough ADI can survive in prediabetic patients in the long‐term; soft‐tissue inflammation and CBL are worse around adjacent implants in these patients compared with nondiabetic controls.
Parsimony‐based test for identifying changes in evolutionary trends for quantitative characters: implications for the origin of the amniotic egg
Authors: Didier Gilles , Chabrol Olivier , Laurin Michel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe origin of the amniotic egg was a major event in vertebrate evolution and is thought to have contributed to the spectacular evolutionary radiation of amniotes. We test one of the most popular scenarios proposed by Carroll in 1970 to explain the origin of the amniotic egg using a novel method based on an asymmetric version of linear parsimony (aka Wagner parsimony) for identifying the most parsimonious split of a tree into two parts between which the evolution of the character is allowed to differ. The new method evaluates the cost of splitting a phylogenetic tree at a given node as the integral, over all pairs of asymmetry parameters, of the most parsimonious costs that can be achieved by using the first parameter on the subtree pending from this node and the second parameter elsewhere. By testing all the nodes, we then obtain the most parsimonious split of a tree with regard to the character values at its tips. Among the nine trees and two characters tested, our method yields a total of 517 parsimonious trend changes in Permo‐Carboniferous stegocephalians, a single one of which occurs in a part of the tree (among stem‐amniotes) where Carroll's scenario predicts that there should have been distinct changes in body size evolutionary trends. This refutes the scenario because the amniote stem does not appear to have elevated rates of evolutionary trend shifts. Our nodal body size estimates offer less discriminating power, but they likewise fail to find strong support for Carroll's scenario.
p62 functions as an oncogene in colorectal cancer through inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation by interacting with the vitamin D receptor
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Suzhen , Xu Bing , Wang Ting , Zheng Ying , Liu Fei , Ren Fenggang , Jiang Jiong , Shi Haitao , Zou Baicang , Lu Xiaolan , Lu Shemin , Dong Lei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe role of p62 in cancer is controversial. Evidence has shown that p62 is upregulated in different cancers and promotes tumour growth, such as in liver cancer and lung cancer. However, a recent study showed that the downregulation of p62 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. How p62 is regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of p62 in CRC.Materials and MethodsThe expression levels of p62 in CRC tissues and adjacent non‐tumour tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Stable p62‐overexpression HCT116 cells and p62‐knockdown SW480 cells were established with lentiviral vectors. The role of p62 in CRC was investigated in in vitro and in vivo functional studies. The relationship between p62 and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was investigated by coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays.Resultsp62 was significantly upregulated in CRC, and a high p62 level was an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis in CRC patients. p62 promoted CRC migration and invasion by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation in vitro, and p62 aggravated tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. Co‐IP assays indicated that p62 interacts with the VDR and may target the NRF2‐NQO1 axis.ConclusionsOur study suggested that p62 functions as an oncogene in CRC through inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation by interacting with the VDR.
The effect of atrial fibrillation intervention on nocturnal respiratory events in elderly patients with persistent AF
Authors: Eysenck William , Sulke Neil , Freemantle Nick , Patel Nikhil R. , Furniss Steve S. , Veasey Rick A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are associated. This study investigated the impact of AF intervention on 6‐month home sleep testing data.MethodsSixty‐seven patients (aged 66 to 86, 53% male) with persistent AF were randomized (1:1:1) to direct current cardioversion (DCCV) (22 patients), permanent pacemaker (PPM) + atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA) + DCCV (22 patients) or AF ablation (23 patients). Baseline and 6‐month multichannel home sleep tests with the Watch‐PAT200 (Itamar Medical Lts., Caesarea, Israel) were recorded. Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) (Medtronic Reveal XT, Minneapolis, Minnesota) in the DCCV and AF ablation groups, and PPM Holters in the ‘pace and ablate’ group were utilized to assess cardiac rhythm beat‐to‐beat throughout the study period.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate‐to‐severe SDB [apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥ 15/h] was 60%. At 6 months there was no change in AHI, Epworth sleepiness scale, sleep time, % REM sleep, respiratory desaturation index or central apnoeic events. Twenty‐five patients (15 AF ablation, 9 DCCV and 1 following DCCV post‐AVNA) maintained SR at 6 months confirmed on ICMs in these patients. AHI fell from 29.8 ± 26.6/h to 22.2 ± 20.4/h; P = 0.049.ConclusionsSDB is highly prevalent in patients with persistent AF. Restoration of sinus rhythm, and the associated long‐term recovery of haemodynamics, is associated with a significant reduction in AHI. This implicates reversal of fluid shift from the lower limbs to the neck region, a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of SDB.
Global raptor research and conservation priorities: Tropical raptors fall prey to knowledge gaps
Authors: Buechley Evan R. , Santangeli Andrea , Girardello Marco , Neate‐Clegg Montague H.C. , Oleyar Dave , McClure Christopher J.W. , Şekercioğlu Çagan H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimRaptors serve critical ecological functions, are particularly extinction‐prone and are often used as environmental indicators and flagship species. Yet, there is no global framework to prioritize research and conservation actions on them. We identify for the first time the factors driving extinction risk and scientific attention on raptors and develop a novel research and conservation priority index (RCPI) to identify global research and conservation priorities.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe use random forest models based on ecological traits and extrinsic data to identify the drivers of risk and scientific attention in all raptors. We then map global research and conservation priorities. Lastly, we model where priorities fall relative to country‐level human social indicators.ResultsRaptors with small geographic ranges, scavengers, forest‐dependent species and those with slow life histories are particularly extinction‐prone. Research is extremely biased towards a small fraction of raptor species: 10 species (1.8% of all raptors) account for one‐third of all research, while one‐fifth of species have no publications. Species with small geographic ranges and those inhabiting less developed countries are greatly understudied. Regions of Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia are identified as particularly high priority for raptor research and conservation. These priorities are highly concentrated in developing countries, indicating a global mismatch between priorities and capacity for research and conservation.Main conclusionsA redistribution of scientific attention and conservation efforts towards developing tropical countries and the least‐studied, extinction‐prone species is critical to conserve raptors and their ecological functions worldwide. We identify clear taxonomic and geographic research and conservation priorities for all raptors, and our methodology can be applied across other taxa to prioritize scientific investment.
Association between fetuin‐A and prognosis of CAD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Wei‐Ming , Ran Lu‐Sen , Jiang Jie , Chen Yu‐Si , Ji Hong‐Yan , Quan Xiao‐Qing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFetuin‐A is an anti‐inflammation and anti‐calcification factor involved in the course of coronary artery disease (CAD). But the association between serum fetuin‐A level and the prognosis of CAD patients was still controversial. To clarify the association between serum fetuin‐A level and the prognosis of CAD patients, we conducted the present meta‐analysis.MethodsThe included studies should be potentially relevant prospective studies published in English language before January 2019. The target population of the present meta‐analysis was restricted to patients with CAD. The results of studies must report hazard ratio (HR) or Kaplan‐Meier survival curve for all‐cause mortality or incidence of secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The pooled HRs were analysed by the method of meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of four prospective studies, including 4256 participants with CAD disease, were chosen to be included. The pooled HR for all‐cause mortality was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.37‐0.87), showing a statistically significant association between high serum fetuin‐A level and low all‐cause mortality in CAD patients. For the incidence of secondary CVD events, the pooled HR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.60‐1.23), indicating no statistically significant association between serum fetuin‐A level and incidence of secondary CVD events in CAD patients.ConclusionHigh serum fetuin‐A level associated with lower all‐cause mortality in patients with CAD. No association between serum fetuin‐A level and incidence of secondary CVD events was found in patients with CAD.
Cerebrospinal fluids from Alzheimer's disease patients exhibit neurotoxic effects on neuronal cell cultures
Authors: Jankeviciute Silvija , Psemeneckiene Greta , Morkuniene Ramune , Grusauskiene Evelina , Petrikonis Kestutis , Rastenyte Daiva , Borutaite Vilmante 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA growing number of studies suggest amyloid‐β and tau present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood as putative biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a question whether these compounds present in patients’ bodily fluids can directly cause neurotoxic effects. We investigated effects ofADand other dementia (OD) patients’ blood serum andCSFon viability of cells in primary cerebellar granule cell cultures. Overall, 59 individuals participated in the study from whom 55 samples of biological fluids were taken. Participants were classified into early (E‐AD) and middle (M‐AD) stages ofAD, cognitively healthy control (HC) andODgroups. We found that concentrations of total and phosphorylated tau were higher inCSFfromADpatients, while amyloid‐β42and amyloid‐β40in the serum was lower compared toHC. The most cytotoxic effects were induced byCSFs from M‐ADpatients which caused neuronal necrosis and suppressed microglial proliferation, whereasCSFs from the groups of other patients did not kill neurons. Serum andCSFfrom the E‐ADgroup caused a reduction of neuronal numbers in cultures. There were no significant differences in levels ofCSFbiomarkers between theADgroups although both tau species inCSFs from M‐ADpatients were found to be significantly elevated compared toHC. Our data suggest that biological fluids from E‐ADinduce neuronal loss, whereas effects ofCSFon the reduction in neuronal viability can serve as an indicator of M‐ADand may be associated with extracellular tau.
From clear lakes to murky waters – tracing the functional response of high‐latitude lake communities to concurrent ‘greening’ and ‘browning’
Authors: Hayden B. , Harrod C. , Thomas S. M. , Eloranta A. P. , Myllykangas J.‐P. , Siwertsson A. , Præbel K. , Knudsen R. , Amundsen P.‐A. , Kahilainen K. K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractClimate change and the intensification of land use practices are causing widespread eutrophication of subarctic lakes. The implications of this rapid change for lake ecosystem function remain poorly understood. To assess how freshwater communities respond to such profound changes in their habitat and resource availability, we conducted a space‐for‐time analysis of food‐web structure in 30 lakes situated across a temperature‐productivity gradient equivalent to the predicted future climate of subarctic Europe (temperature +3°C, precipitation +30% and nutrient +45 μg L−1 total phosphorus). Along this gradient, we observed an increase in the assimilation of pelagic‐derived carbon from 25 to 75% throughout primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. This shift was overwhelmingly driven by the consumption of pelagic detritus by benthic primary consumers and was not accompanied by increased pelagic foraging by higher trophic level consumers. Our data also revealed a convergence of the carbon isotope ratios of pelagic and benthic food web endmembers in the warmest, most productive lakes indicating that the incorporation of terrestrial derived carbon into aquatic food webs increases as land use intensifies. These results, reflecting changes along a gradient characteristic of the predicted future environment throughout the subarctic, indicate that climate and land use driven eutrophication and browning are radically altering the function and fuelling of aquatic food webs in this biome.
Safety and efficacy of tirofiban combined with endovascular treatment in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Pan X. , Zheng D. , Zheng Y. , Chan P. W. L. , Lin Y. , Zou J. , Zhou J. , Yang J. 
Published: February 2019

Background and purposeTirofiban is used off‐label in clinical practice for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). However, it is unknown whether tirofiban increases the bleeding risk or improves the outcome of endovascular treatment (EVT) in AIS. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in combination with EVT for AIS.MethodsConsecutive patients with AIS receiving EVT were included in the prospective stroke registry from 2015 to 2018. The efficacy outcomes were modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 24 h. The safety outcomes were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), any in‐hospital intracerebral hemorrhage, in‐hospital death and 3‐month death.ResultsOf 211 patients, 82 (38.9%) received tirofiban. A total of 39 (48.1%) with tirofiban and 44 (36.1%) without tirofiban had mRS score 0–2 [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–5.23, P = 0.026]. NIHSS score at 24 h was lower in the tirofiban group (9.5 vs. 12.0, adjusted P = 0.032). Five (6.1%) patients with tirofiban and 16 (12.4%) without tirofiban had sICH (adjusted OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.16–1.83, P = 0.32). In‐hospital intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 10 (12.2%) patients with tirofiban and 41 (31.8%) without tirofiban (adjusted OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13–0.76, P = 0.01). In‐hospital death occurred in 7 (8.5%) patients with tirofiban and 16 (12.4%) without tirofiban (adjusted OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.22–2.13, P = 0.52). A total of 13 (15.9%) patients with tirofiban and 22 (17.1%) without tirofiban were dead at 3 months (adjusted OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.40–2.40, P = 0.96).ConclusionsTirofiban in combination with EVT was associated with a lower mRS score at 3 months and NIHSS score at 24 h. It was not associated with a higher rate of sICH, in‐hospital death and death at 3 months.
Synchytrium endobioticum – risk from biogas plants?
Authors: Schleusner Y. , Müller P. , Bandte M. , Heiermann M. , Büttner C. 
Published: February 2019

Synchytrium endobioticum is one of the most important pathogens of potato and is known for its persistent propagation structures. Under favourable conditions, infection of highly susceptible potato cultivars leads to clearly visible cauliflower‐like tissue warts, the typical symptom of potato wart disease. However, unfavourable infection conditions or low infection pressure may result in symptoms being overlooked. Thus, the introduction of pathogen structures into stages of the processing industry cannot be ruled out. As the amounts of processed potato products continue to rise, phytosanitary risks from processing discarded potatoes and potato waste in biogas plants have to be considered. Hence, the resilience of resting spores against mesophilic anaerobic digestion was analysed in stirred tank reactors. Laboratory‐scale results show that S. endobioticum not only withstands mesophilic anaerobic digestion but also subsequent storage of the digestate for at least 4 weeks. Large numbers of viable resting spores were detectable by microscopic assessment in all samples. Viability was proved and verified additionally by bioassay. Consequently, potatoes, potato waste and processing water from potato processing industries used in biogas plants pose a phytosanitary risk if the accruing digestates are returned as fertilizer to arable land.
A simple spatially explicit neutral model explains the range size distribution of reef fishes
Authors: Alzate Adriana , Janzen Thijs , Bonte Dries , Rosindell James , Etienne Rampal S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe great variation in range sizes among species has fascinated ecologists for decades. Reef‐associated fish species live in highly spatially structured habitats and adopt a wide range of dispersal strategies. We consequently expect species with greater dispersal ability to occupy larger ranges. However, empirical evidence for such a positive relationship between dispersal and range size remains scarce. Here, we unveil the role of dispersal on the range size distribution of reef‐associated fishes using empirical data and a novel spatially explicit model.LocationTropical Eastern Pacific.Major taxa studiedReef‐associated fishes.Time periodUnderlying records are from the 20th and 21st centuries.MethodsWe estimated range size distributions for all reef‐associated fishes separated into six guilds, each with different dispersal abilities. We used a one‐dimensional spatially explicit neutral model, which simulates the distribution of species along a linear and contiguous coastline, to explore the effect of dispersal, speciation and sampling on the distribution of range sizes. Our model incorporates biologically important long‐distance dispersal events with a fat‐tailed dispersal kernel and also adopts a more realistic gradual “protracted” speciation process than originally used in neutral theory. We fitted the model to the empirical data using an approximate Bayesian computation approach, with a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm.ResultsStochastic birth, death, speciation and dispersal events alone can accurately explain empirical range size distributions for six different guilds of tropical, reef‐associated fishes. Variation in range size distributions among guilds are explained purely by differences in dispersal ability with the best dispersers being distributed over larger ranges.Main conclusionsNeutral processes and guild‐specific dispersal ability provide a general explanation for both within‐ and across‐guild range size variation. Our results support the theoretically expected, but empirically much debated, hypothesis that high dispersal capacity promotes the establishment of large range size.
Stop, think, reflect, realize—first‐time mothers’ views on taking part in longitudinal maternal health research
Authors: Daly Deirdre , Carroll Margaret , Barros Monalisa , Begley Cecily 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundLongitudinal cohort studies gather large amounts of data over time, often without direct benefit to participants. A positive experience may encourage retention in the study, and participants may benefit in unanticipated ways.ObjectiveTo explore first‐time mothers’ experiences of taking part in a longitudinal cohort study and completing self‐administered surveys during pregnancy and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months’ postpartum.DesignContent analysis of comments written by participants in the Maternal health And Maternal Morbidity in Ireland study's five self‐completion surveys, a multisite cohort study exploring women's health and health problems during and after pregnancy. This paper focuses on what women wrote about taking part in the research. Ethical approval was granted by the site hospitals and university.Setting and participantsA total of 2174 women were recruited from two maternity hospitals in Ireland between 2012 and 2015.FindingsA total of 1000 comments were made in the five surveys. Antenatally, barriers related to surveys being long and questions being intimate. Postpartum, barriers related to being busy with life as first‐time mothers. Benefits gained included gaining access to information, taking time to reflect, stopping to think and being prompted to seek help. Survey questions alone were described as valuable sources of information.Discussion and conclusionsFindings suggest that survey research can “give back” to women by being a source of information and a trigger to seek professional help, even while asking sensitive questions. Understanding this can help researchers construct surveys to maximize benefits, real and potential, for participants.
Reaction‐bonded B4C/SiC composites synthesized by microwave heating
Authors: Dutto Mathieu , Goeuriot Dominique , Saunier Sébastien , Marinel Sylvain , Frage Nachum , Hayun Shmuel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe reaction‐bonding technique was used to synthesize boron carbide (B4C) ‐ silicon carbide (SiC) composites by microwave heating. Preforms of porous B4C were obtained by compaction followed or not by partial densification. Then, the material was infiltrated by molten silicon under a microwave heating. The influence of the thermal cycles (T: 1400‐1500°C, t: 5‐120 minutes) is low. The hardness of boron carbide is comparable to that of alumina (15‐19 GPa) for a much lower density (≈2.5 g/cm3 for B4C‐based material instead of 3.95 g/cm3 for alumina). These properties make this composite, obtained by microwave heating, a good candidate for ballistic applications.