bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auspice and other policy-related variations in preschool practice in the United States: have public preschool programs been more academic?
Authors: Barnett W. Steven , Jung Kwanghee 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigated the extent to which practices considered developmentally appropriate and inappropriate varied by preschool program auspice (private, public school, and Head Start). Survey data from a 2010 national sample of 2,664 teachers of 4-year-olds provided teacher reports on the frequency of seven practices (e.g., offering children choices of play activities, using flashcards and math worksheets), approach to teaching subject matter, and time spent in whole group activities. More than 90 percent of teachers in all auspices reported high frequencies of some developmentally appropriate practices (DAP). Yet, private program teachers reported less DAP, more use of flashcards and worksheets, and more whole group time per day than teachers in the two public sectors. Some but not all differences by auspice could be explained by differences in teacher and classroom characteristics by auspice. In the context of other studies indicating little change in practice since 2010, our results suggest that increased public provision of preschool education does not lead to “academization.” We identify several other issues related to curriculum and “instruction” in preschool education requiring increased attention from researchers and policymakers.
Insurgent Pathways
Authors: Keith Kerry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article unpacks the material publication process of George Jackson's Soledad Brother. While much has been written on the enduring political and intellectual significance of this work, cultural materialist analysis can unpack how this book reached publication and why its material channels of communication are important for spatial thinking on prisons. The social networks, clandestine maneuvers, and legal loopholes that led to the book's publication all signal how the prison bears creative insurgent pathways within its architecture of racist incapacitation. Jackson's publication process highlights the disordering ruptures, incorrigibility, and out-of-sync moments that people incarcerated produce under the constraints of carceral control. Cultural materialist analysis of Soledad Brother not only is instructive for comprehending the politics, culture, and geography of California prisons in the early 1970s but also illuminates the everyday Black radical pulse of carceral resistance that produces space under some of the harshest conditions of carceral duress. The article ends by highlighting Jackson's continued influence in shaping prison resistance movements, at large and small scales.
CNS-CLIP: Transforming a Neurosurgical Journal Into a Multimodal Medical Model
Authors: Alyakin Anton , Kurland David , Alber Daniel Alexander , Sangwon Karl L. , Li Danxun , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Leuthardt Eric , Kondziolka Douglas , Oermann Eric Karl 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Classical biomedical data science models are trained on a single modality and aimed at one specific task. However, the exponential increase in the size and capabilities of the foundation models inside and outside medicine shows a shift toward task-agnostic models using large-scale, often internet-based, data. Recent research into smaller foundation models trained on specific literature, such as programming textbooks, demonstrated that they can display capabilities similar to or superior to large generalist models, suggesting a potential middle ground between small task-specific and large foundation models. This study attempts to introduce a domain-specific multimodal model, Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS)-Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP), developed for neurosurgical applications, leveraging data exclusively from Neurosurgery Publications.

METHODS:
We constructed a multimodal data set of articles from Neurosurgery Publications through PDF data collection and figure-caption extraction using an artificial intelligence pipeline for quality control. Our final data set included 24 021 figure-caption pairs. We then developed a fine-tuning protocol for the OpenAI CLIP model. The model was evaluated on tasks including neurosurgical information retrieval, computed tomography imaging classification, and zero-shot ImageNet classification.

RESULTS:
CNS-CLIP demonstrated superior performance in neurosurgical information retrieval with a Top-1 accuracy of 24.56%, compared with 8.61% for the baseline. The average area under receiver operating characteristic across 6 neuroradiology tasks achieved by CNS-CLIP was 0.95, slightly superior to OpenAI's Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining at 0.94 and significantly outperforming a vanilla vision transformer at 0.62. In generalist classification, CNS-CLIP reached a Top-1 accuracy of 47.55%, a decrease from the baseline of 52.37%, demonstrating a catastrophic forgetting phenomenon.

CONCLUSION:
This study presents a pioneering effort in building a domain-specific multimodal model using data from a medical society publication. The results indicate that domain-specific models, while less globally versatile, can offer advantages in specialized contexts. This emphasizes the importance of using tailored data and domain-focused development in training foundation models in neurosurgery and general medicine.
The VEntriculostomy-Related Infection Score: An Antibiotic Stewardship Tool in Ventriculostomy-Related Infections
Authors: Repplinger Sébastien , Jacquier Hervé , Verret Alexandre , Berçot Béatrice , Munier Anne-Lise , Le Dorze Matthieu , Sonneville Romain , Chousterman Benjamin , Mebazaa Alexandre , Deniau Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Diagnosing ventriculostomy-related infection (VRI), a common complication after external ventricular drainage (EVD), is challenging and often associated with delayed initiation of antibiotic therapy. We aimed to develop a stewardship score to help in the decision of antibiotic therapy initiation when VRI is suspected.

METHODS:
This retrospective, single-center cohort study included patients admitted to the intensive care unit after EVD placement who were suspected of having healthcare-associated ventriculitis and/or meningitis between January 1, 2012, and August 31, 2022. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the development of healthcare-associated meningitis or ventriculitis after EVD placement.

RESULTS:
A total of 331 patients were included. Eighty-one (23%) patients developed VRI between January 1, 2012, and August 31, 2022, whereas 250 (77%) did not (from January 1, 2018, to August 31, 2022). VRI-associated factors were EVD count >1 (odds ratio [OR] 3.69, P < .001), EVD duration >8 days (OR 6.71, P < .001), immunosuppression (OR 3.45, P = .028), recent neurosurgery (OR 7.74, P < .001), cerebrospinal fluid leak (OR 6.08, P < .001), and prophylactic antimicrobials (OR 0.26, P < .001). The VEntriculostomy-Related Infection score (VERI) score categorized VRI risk into 4 levels, with an area under the curve of 0.84.

CONCLUSION:
The VERI score is a robust, predictive tool for assessing the risk of VRI in patients with EVD, potentially guiding more judicious use of antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit setting.
Sleep Quality and Immune Function: Implications for Overall Health – A Literature Review
Authors: Żerek Marta , Sitarek Gracjan 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionSleep quality is increasingly acknowledged as critical for immune function and overall health. Poor sleep can disrupt immune response, elevating inflammation and susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases. Given the prevalence of sleep disturbances across populations, understanding their impact on immune health and overall wellness is essential.
Purpose of WorkThis review aims to examine the relationship between sleep quality and immune function by synthesizing findings on how poor sleep contributes to immune suppression, heightened inflammation, and mental health disturbances, particularly in vulnerable populations. This review also explores possible interventions to mitigate these effects.
Material and MethodsA literature search was conducted on databases including PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 2012 to 2023. Articles assessing sleep quality, immune markers, and the mediating roles of stress and depression were reviewed. Criteria included studies with both subjective and objective assessments of sleep, immune function, and relevant mental health markers.
SummaryFindings indicate that poor sleep quality negatively impacts immune health, primarily through increased systemic inflammation and decreased immune cell functionality. Depression and stress further exacerbate these effects, particularly in populations with chronic illnesses or high psychological distress. Targeted interventions that improve sleep quality and manage stress may bolster immune resilience and overall health. Future research should continue to address these interactions across diverse populations to develop targeted interventions.
Ultrasonographic and pathological correlation of asymmetric retroareolar density on mammogram
Authors: Jha Anamika , Chaudhary Ranjit Kumar , Shrivastav Shreya , Khanal Umesh 
Published: December 2024

Background
Retroareolar region refers to the region within two centimeters from the nipple and/or involves the nipple-areolar complex on mammogram. In this study, we graded asymmetric retroareolar density on mammography and determined the underlying cause.

Objectives
To identify and grade retroareolar densities and evaluate characteristics of lesion using ultrasonography and histopathology.

Methods
Mammograms with asymmetric retroareolar density done in our tertiary care hospital were included. Retroareolar density was categorized into three grades based on morphological appearance in mammography. Sonography was performed in all patients and tissue diagnosis was obtained for suspicious lesions.

Results
Of the 100 patients included in the study, most of the patients with mammographic grade 1, grade 2 and 3 retroareolar asymmetry had normal sonography, pathologically proven mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma, respectively. Presenting indication usually was diagnostic (n = 87), lump being most common. Benign (58%) diagnosis was more often present, with equal number of normal studies and malignancies (21%). Frequently pathologically proven malignant lesions (n = 17) had grade 3 asymmetry and none were grade 1. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignancy while mastitis the most common benign disease.

Conclusions
Grade I retroareolar asymmetric density on mammography was normal or had a benign etiology while grade 2 or 3 asymmetric density had underlying pathology, often malignancy.

Contribution
Grading retroareolar density in mammogram may improve the evaluation of retroareolar region and increase emphasis on higher grades.
Trends and determinants of caesarean section in South Asian countries: Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan
Authors: Rana Md Sohel , Mazumder Shrabanti , Khan Md Tareq Ferdous , Khan Md Mobarak Hossain , Rahman Md Mijanur 
Published: December 2024

Background
The prevalence of caesarean sections (C-sections) has remarkably increased in the past few decades worldwide, especially in the lower and middle-income countries (LMICs). To our best knowledge, no studies focused on and compared the C-section scenarios of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan based on the latest demographic and health survey (DHS) data.

Objectives
To assess the trends and factors associated with C-sections in the three South Asian countries.

Study population
Mothers aged 15–49 years participated in DHS 1990 to 2017–2018 and gave birth within three years of each of the surveys in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.

Materials and methods
This study analyzed data from five recent DHS rounds in Bangladesh and four in Nepal and Pakistan. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between C-sections and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
The results show that institutional delivery and C-sections have increased throughout the period in all three countries. In Bangladesh, the hospital birth rate increased from 10.0% in 2004 to 49.9% in 2017, and the corresponding figures [S1 Appendix: Figure A1 and Figure A2] for C-sections increased from 3.5% to 32.8%. In Nepal, the hospital birth rate increased from 11.0% in 2001 to 58.6% in 2016, and the C-sections from 0.8% to 11.0%. Pakistan observed a sharp increase from 13.7% to 66.3% and 2.7% to 22.3% in the respective cases from 1990 to 2017. Results from regression reveal that the mother’s age, place of residence, education, partner’s education, wealth status, birth order, number of antenatal care visits, and body mass index are associated with C-section deliveries in all three countries.

Conclusions
Our findings regarding the association of sociodemographic factors with increased C-sections may help identify subgroups of women susceptible to C-sections and offer better support regarding C-sections plans. However, the substantial increase in C-sections across the three countries warrants further investigation to identify the reasons.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss among the general population in Jordan; A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abutaima Rana , Barakat Muna , Sawan Hana M. , Al Omari Shatha M. , Mhaidat Nizar M. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Obesity has emerged as a global pandemic, with its prevalence notably increasing during the COVID-19 lockdown of 2019. In response, many individuals have turned to pharmacological interventions, including antidiabetic medications, as means of achieving weight loss with minimal effort. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Jordanian population regarding the use of antidiabetic agents, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and biguanides, for weight management.

Method
A self-administered validated online questionnaire was developed and disseminated to public utilizing a cross-sectional design. Data were extracted to examine descriptive statistics. Linear regression was performed to evaluate associations with knowledge and attitude. A p-value ≤0.05 was chosen to indicate statistical significance.

Results
Total of 389 responses were analyzed, 65.6% females, 54.2% married, 78.1% living in the center of Jordan, 35.5% overweight and 26.5% have >1000 Jordanian Dinars monthly income. Fifty seven percent of the study participants think that antidiabetics could be used for weight loss. 47.27%, 44.55%, 68.18% recognized glucagon-like peptide-1receptor agonists; (Ozempic®), (Saxenda®), (Mounjaro®) as well as (Glucophage®) use for weight loss, respectively and 12.3% of participants used medications to lose weight. Neutral attitude was observed. Gender and body mass index were significantly affecting the participants knowledge (p<0.001, p = 0.002, respectively).

Conclusion
Use of (Ozempic®), (Saxenda®) and other antidiabetics to lose weight become a common practice. The results of this study suggests supervising prescription and dispensing to avoid misuse, especially, in people who are contraindicated to use them.
Lipid accumulation product and gallstone risk in US adults: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2017–2020 data
Authors: Li Xiaocheng , Wang Jun , Leng Kai 
Published: December 2024

Background
Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance are key risk factors for gallstones. The Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), which combines waist circumference and triglyceride levels, may be a superior marker for visceral fat accumulation. However, its association with gallstone risk is unclear.

Methods
Data from 3294 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020 cycle were analyzed. Weighted logistic regression, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis explored the relationship between LAP and gallstone risk. ROC analysis, along with Random Forest and CatBoost models, compared the predictive abilities of LAP with BMI.

Results
Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that each unit increase in Ln-LAP was associated with a 52% higher risk of gallstones (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.24–1.86; P = 0.009). Compared to the lowest tertile (T1), the second tertile (T2) had a higher risk of gallstones (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.09–2.84; P = 0.082), and the third tertile (T3) had an even higher risk (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.47–3.49; P = 0.021). RCS analysis showed a nonlinear positive relationship between Ln-LAP and gallstone risk (non-linear P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that Ln-LAP was significantly positively associated with the risk of gallstones in most subgroups, with no significant interactions observed among the subgroups. Weighted logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obesity) and the risk of gallstones. ROC analysis indicated that Ln-BMI is a better predictor of gallstone risk than Ln-LAP. However, in Random Forest and CatBoost models, LAP exhibited predictive value similar to BMI for gallstone risk.

Conclusion
While LAP is significantly and positively associated with an increased risk of gallstones, BMI generally appears to be a stronger predictor. However, LAP may still serve as a comparable marker under specific modeling conditions. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between LAP and gallstone risk.
Exactitud diagnóstica del índice triglicérido-glucosa para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico en un establecimiento de atención primaria de la región de San Martín, Perú. Estudio transversal.
Authors: Alburqueque-Melgarejo Joseph , Roque-Quezada Juan Carlos , Virú Flores Horus Michael , Guerra Cuyutupac Israel Armando , Guerra Valencia Jamee , Quezada Gómez Gabriela del Rosario 
Published: December 2024

Introducción. El Índice Triglicérido-Glucosa (TyG) es considerado como una prueba sensible para el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico (SM). Sin embargo, su validez en diversas poblaciones, como la de la selva peruana, aún no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la exactitud diagnóstica del índice triglicérido-glucosa para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico en pacientes atendidos en un establecimiento de atención primaria de la selva peruana durante el periodo 2022-2023.
Metodología. Estudio de exactitud diagnóstica, con diseño transversal. Se realizó un análisis documental de historias clínicas de 363 pacientes. El desenlace fue la presencia de SM definido según los criterios ATP-III. El índice TyG fue la prueba evaluada calculada con la fórmula: Ln [triglicéridos en ayunas (mg/dL) x glucosa en ayunas/2 (mg/dL)]. Se evaluaron curvas de características operativas del receptor y el área bajo la curva (AUC) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) y puntos de corte óptimos según el índice de Youden, para el total de la muestra y estratificados por sexo.
Resultados. Se obtuvo un punto de corte de 8,97 para los valores de TyG con una sensibilidad de 89,5% y una especificidad de 64,3% para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico. El área bajo la curva (AUC) para TyG fue de 0,889 (IC 95%: 0,851 - 0,922, p<0.005). Los valores predictivos positivo, negativo y precisión diagnóstica fueron de 82,49%,76,42% y 80,72%, respectivamente. A partir de la prevalencia local de síndrome metabólico en la población estudiada se elaboró el normograma de Fagan y se obtuvieron las razones de verosimilitud positiva (2,505) y negativa (0,1641), a partir de las cuales se calculó la probabilidad post-prueba cuando la prueba era positiva (82%; IC 95%: 79-86%) y cuando la prueba era negativa (23%; IC 95%: 17 – 31%).
Conclusión. El presente estudio indica que el Índice Triglicérido-Glucosa es una herramienta diagnóstica fiable para evaluar la presencia de síndrome metabólico en individuos de la selva peruana.
Koinonia through commensality?
Authors: Huotari Rosa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drawing from ethnography in six faith-based community food banks located in urban Finland, this paper explores the dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion as manifested in everyday life in food assistance. The findings propose that different framings, social distances and power hierarchies affect both promoting and experiencing social inclusion and exclusion that appear situational and relational through the everyday discourse and praxis. By reflecting on these dynamics from a theological perspective and employing the concept of ‘lived koinonia’, the discussion shows that the food banks are still hesitant to imagine themselves as a source of liberation that would challenge structural, epistemic inequalities.
Social Biographies of the Ancient World. Studying Ahatabu, Jonathan, and Babatha through a Bourdieusian Approach: Towards a New Historiographical Habitus
Authors: Silverman Jason M. , Aissaoui Alex , Meir Rotem Avneri , Jokiranta Jutta , Nikki Nina , Spunaugle Adrianne , Töyräänvuori Joanna , Wallis Caroline , Wasmuth Melanie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article is the introduction to a special issue of the Journal of Ancient History, “Social Biographies of the Ancient World.” It sketches out an outline of Ancient Near Eastern social structures by utilizing sociological concepts first developed by Pierre Bourdieu. It is our contention that the concepts of field, capital, habitus, and the interplay between theory and practice facilitate the analysis of social structures under first millennium BCE empires even with the limitations of extant evidence, that is, even without ethnographic observation or self-aware personal writings. Bourdieusian Field Theory as a model is flexible and amenable to elaboration with further topics beyond the three case studies represented in this issue. We chose to investigate herein a mortuary stele, a literary figure, and a personal archive as they are three common source types for the ancient worlds of western Asia. We hope this issue will encourage other scholars of the ancient world to join us in utilizing these approaches for social-/micro-history—beyond Marxist or Weberian approaches. Through analysis of an understudied mortuary stele of a relatively unknown woman (Ahatabu), a well-known, supposedly anti-imperialist literary figure (Jonathan), and the archive of an early businesswoman (Babatha), this study presents Bourdieusian approaches to sources with varying known contexts and lifeworlds—emphasizing its applicability for broad usage throughout Ancient Near Eastern history. Finally, we reflect on the ways we found Bourdieu useful for thinking about ancient evidence in the three case studies. After analyzing the similarities and differences in our approaches to and uses of his thought, we propose further ways Bourdieu might provide helpful new trajectories for the study of the Ancient Near East. In particular, we point to the debated issues of family and gender.