bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence deep learning software for segmentation of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes on plain CT: a retrospective study in a cancer population
Authors: Takaishi Taku , Kawai Tatsuya , Kita Megumi , Shibata Shunsuke , Hiwatashi Akio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Accurate identification and characterization of lymph nodes (LNs) are essential in cancer staging and treatment planning. While artificial intelligence (AI) has shown potential in detecting lymphadenopathy on contrast-enhanced CT scans, its performance on non-contrast (plain) CT scans remains less explored. This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of AI for segmenting LNs on plain CT in patients with lung or gastrointestinal cancer. Eligible cases were selected based on plain CT scans with 5 mm slice thickness, showing mediastinal or hilar LNs with a short-axis diameter of ≥ 10 mm. A total of 144 patients (105 men, 39 women; mean age, 76 years) were included, comprising 342 LNs. A commercially available deep learning AI software was used for segmentation, with the ground-truth defined by two radiologists’ consensus on LNs measuring ≥ 10 mm.

Results
The AI software showed a sensitivity of 83.9%, with no statistically significant difference between mediastinal and hilar LNs (p = 0.84). The false-positive rate was 0.465 per patient. The Dice coefficient was 0.908, and there was no statistically significant difference between the mediastinum and hilum (p = 0.19). The sensitivity decreased in larger LNs, showing an inverse correlation (r = −0.122, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the robustness of the AI software in the segmentation of LNs in the mediastinum and hilum on plain CT scans.
Common genetic etiologies of sensorineural hearing loss in Koreans
Authors: Jang Seung Hyun , Yoon Kuhn , Gee Heon Yung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder. Genetic factors contribute substantially to this condition, although allelic heterogeneity and variable expressivity make a definite molecular diagnosis challenging. To provide a brief overview of the genomic landscape of sensorineural hearing loss in Koreans, this article reviews the genetic etiologies of nonsyndromic hearing loss in Koreans as well as the clinical characteristics, genotype–phenotype correlations, and pathogenesis of hearing loss arising from common variants observed in this population. Furthermore, potential genetic factors associated with age-related hearing loss, identified through genome-wide association studies, are briefly discussed. Understanding these genetic etiologies is crucial for advancing precise molecular diagnoses and developing targeted therapeutic interventions for hearing loss.
A brief review on evolutionary game models for the emergence of fairness
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Li Yin , Xiao Feng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fairness stands as a pivotal element in maintaining social stability. It is still a highly challenging issue to explain how fairness emerges in society. The ultimatum game (UG) and the dictator game (DG) have become prominent paradigms for exploring the emergence of fairness. A great number of mechanisms have been put forward to promote the emergence of fairness in these two games. In this paper, we sort out the recent relevant evolutionary game models regarding fairness and categorize them according to the mechanisms for the emergence of fairness. The main mechanisms consist of network reciprocity, role assignment, spite, empathy, stake size, and indirect reciprocity. Especially for indirect reciprocity, we make a detailed introduction of a theoretical method and some recent works that use this theoretical approach to explore how fairness evolves. Finally, we suggest several potential avenues for future research.
Sex Differences in Insulin-Induced Hippocampus Functional Connectivity During Visual Food-Cue Presentation
Authors: Zhao Sixiu , Veit Ralf , Semeia Lorenzo , Hummel Julia , Sandforth Leontine , Fritsche Andreas , Birkenfeld Andreas L , Heni Martin , Preissl Hubert , Kullmann Stephanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Central insulin has been shown to regulate eating behavior and cognitive processes in a sex-specific manner. Besides memory, the hippocampus is pivotal in the control of appetite.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate how insulin interacts with the hippocampal food-cue response and evaluate the potential role of sex hormones.

Methods
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated task-based functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus during food-cue presentation in 60 participants (age: 21-69 years; 30 women) after intranasal insulin or placebo administration, in a randomized within-subject design. In an exploratory analysis, we investigated whether hippocampal FC after intranasal insulin administration is related to estradiol and progesterone levels during the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in 13 premenopausal women (age: 20-28 years).

Results
Intranasal insulin increased hippocampal FC with the prefrontal cortex compared to placebo, regardless of sex. This correlated with stronger reduction in subjective feeling of hunger and food craving. Moreover, we observed an interaction between sex and nasal spray condition with higher hippocampal FC to the calcarine gyrus after insulin compared to placebo in men, while women showed a lower response. In premenopausal women, the centrally mediated effect of insulin on hippocampus to calcarine gyrus FC negatively correlated with the estradiol/progesterone ratio in the luteal phase.

Conclusion
Central insulin influences hippocampal FC to regions vital for inhibitory control during high-caloric food-cue presentation, implying a potential role of the hippocampal network in modulating insulin's anorexic effects. The observed sex differences between the hippocampus and visual cortex might be influenced by sex hormone action.
Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Thyroid Cancer Complicated by Lacrimal Sac Retention of Iodine
Authors: Suresh Annu , Esposito Giuseppe , Davidson Bruce , Doroslovački Pavle , Jonklaas Jacqueline 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Patients with intermediate-risk thyroid cancers may undergo treatment with radioactive iodine-131 (I-131). They often undergo a pretreatment diagnostic iodine scan that typically shows areas of physiological uptake in the stomach, bladder, parotid glands as well as thyroid-remnant uptake and sites of metastatic disease. A 48-year-old woman with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer with metastases to lateral compartment lymph nodes was found to have increased retention of iodine in the medial portion of her left orbit on the diagnostic scan. This was suggestive of preexisting nasolacrimal duct stenosis leading to retention of secretions in the lacrimal sac, raising concerns that the I-131 used in treatment would have delayed clearance that could further damage her lacrimal sac and eye. In consultation with ophthalmology, the patient received pretreatment azelastine and prednisolone drops and underwent treatment with radioactive iodine followed by saline lacrimal irrigation. Though she had subsequent eye pain and swelling necessitating repeated irrigation, the patient was able to undergo treatment for her papillary thyroid cancer and retained full function of her eye. This case highlights an approach that could be used for patients with nasolacrimal duct stenosis in whom radioactive iodine treatment is deemed beneficial.
Characterization of nitric oxide in Octopus maya nervous system and its potential role in sensory perception
Authors: Vergara-Ovalle Fabián , León-Olea Martha , Sánchez-Islas Eduardo , Pellicer Francisco 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The role of nitric oxide as a neurotransmitter in the olfactory and chemoreception systems of invertebrates has been well documented. This suggests an early and efficient sensory detection system that is evolutionarily preserved in various species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. Additionally, the presence of a nitric oxide neurotransmitter system has been reported in molluscs, particularly in octopus species. In this work, we present evidence for the existence of nitric oxide synthase in neurons and fibers, as well as its anatomical localization in various nuclei involved in chemosensory integration and the motor responses associated with these processes in Octopus maya.
Telehealth in Acute Care: Pay Parity and Patient Access
Authors: Çakıcı Özden Engin , Mills Alex F. 
Published: November 2024

Problem definition: In response to the increased use of telehealth to replace traditional office visits with a physician, several U.S. states have recently adopted telehealth pay-parity policies. Such policies state that payers must reimburse healthcare providers for telehealth services at the same rate that would apply if those services had been provided in a traditional office setting. But health policy researchers have pointed out that telehealth may not be as effective as a traditional office visit for acute care. Specifically, telehealth is associated with increased probability of a subsequent office visit (a “duplicate visit”). We examine whether telehealth pay-parity policies are effective at improving access to acute care, and under what conditions. Methodology/results: We use a three-stage game-theoretic model to study the impact of telehealth pay parity. In the first stage, the payer sets a reimbursement policy for telehealth visits. In the second stage, a healthcare provider commits a portion of its capacity to telehealth, and in the third stage, patients arrive and choose between telehealth and office visits according to an equilibrium queueing network. We find structural results for the equilibria and characterize the equilibria in closed-form. When the chance of a duplicate visit is moderate (neither too high nor too low), pay parity leads providers to allocate too much capacity to telehealth, resulting in lower overall patient access than could be otherwise achieved. We characterize a reimbursement level that avoids this misalignment and maximizes patient access, which we show is less than parity. Managerial implications: The literature shows that patients receiving acute care via telehealth may be more likely to require a duplicate, in-person visit to resolve their health concern. In the fee-for-service environment that is common in the United States for acute care, duplicate visits resulting from telehealth lead to an incentive alignment problem because they generate extra work and provider revenue, without any corresponding increase in patient access. Legislating pay parity for telehealth can lead to providers committing more capacity to telehealth, which may not always be good. However, there is good news in that all parties (payers, providers, and patients) would be better off if duplicate visits could be decreased. Policy makers should understand these implications before enacting policies that affect reimbursements for telehealth. Funding: Support for this project was provided by a PSC-CUNY Award, jointly funded by The Professional Staff Congress and The City University of New York. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0345 .
A case report of mesenteric panniculitis and fibrous dysplasia with primary metabolic syndrome
Authors: Khandalavala Birgit , Cuppett Ryder 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a rare clinically diagnosed disease resulting from fibro-inflammation in the intestinal adipose tissue. Precedent intra-abdominal inflammation or trauma is often evident. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign uncommon childhood disease of the bones, with fibrous connective tissue replacing bone tissue. FD can cause pain, disfigurement, and entrapment of critical neighbouring structures. Adult-onset craniofacial involvement is rare. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by obesity and chronic subclinical inflammation, promoting abnormal cellular fibrosis and proliferation. The concomitant incidence of MP and FD in an older female adult with metabolic syndrome is unprecedented. An aberrant metabolic contributory pathophysiology for both MP and FD could be postulated. Case Report: A 60-year-old Caucasian woman with primary long-standing well-treated metabolic syndrome with obesity presented for revision bariatric surgery. She had previous intra-abdominal surgeries and occasional intermittent abdominal pain. The surgery was abandoned due to extensively inflamed intestinal mesentery. Radiological studies and intra-abdominal biopsy confirmed MP. She subsequently developed pronounced unilateral facial swelling and radiological studies confirmed FD. Treatment has been suboptimal for both MP and FD. She developed venous thromboembolism on tamoxifen treatment for MP. The patient currently reports abdominal pain and swelling from MP, and facial disfigurement, pain, and tinnitus from FD. Blood markers for inflammation have remained consistently high, and there is statin intolerance. Most recently liver steatosis and diabetes have developed. Conclusion: A case of MP and FD with primary metabolic syndrome is unique. An increased awareness of such rare cases could lead to further research, and critically needed treatments to optimize outcomes.
Coexistence of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and sticky platelet syndrome: a lethal combination in a young patient with thrombophilia and haemorrhagic diathesis
Authors: De Miguel-Escribano Manuel , Garrido-Montes Manuel , Astudillo-Ortega Pablo , Pertusa-Mataix Roberto , Rodríguez-Trigueros Andrea , Corchero-Gijón Jorge , Garcia-Morillo Jose-Salvador 
Published: November 2024

Background: The coexistence of hypercoagulability and bleeding diathesis in the same patient represents a potentially lethal combination due to its complex management. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) and sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) are classified as rare diseases due to their low prevalence. vEDS is associated with bleeding tendencies caused by vascular wall fragility, while SPS is characterized by atypical arterial and venous thrombosis. Case Report: We report a 27-year-old woman, smoker and regular consumer of energy drinks, with a medical history of subclinical hypothyroidism, minor thalassemia, recurrent joint sprains, high myopia, and anterior mitral valve prolapse, who was diagnosed with both vEDS and SPS type I. The patient experienced a catastrophic progression over a short time period, marked by numerous thrombotic and bleeding episodes, ultimately leading to a fatal outcome. Conclusions: This report documents the first known case of concurrent vEDS and SPS, highlighting the complexity and challenges in the management of these two rare conditions together. The interplay between these syndromes necessitates careful clinical consideration and the development of tailored management strategies to mitigate associated risks. This underscores the crucial role of the internist in overseeing such cases. Further studies are needed to explore new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving survival rates and outcomes for patients with this unique combination of disorders.
Sobre a sequência de polinômios repunidade
Authors: Costa Eudes Antônio , De Carvalho Fernando Soares 
Published: November 2024

Neste trabalho, definimos uma sequência de polinômios associada à sequência numérica repunidade. Isto envolve estender o conceito de sequência repunidade, uma sequência do tipo Horadam, representada pela sequência de números repunidades, em que rₙ representa o n-ésima repunidade, e a relação de recorrência: rₙ₊₁ = 11rₙ-10rₙ₋₁, com r₀ = 0, r₁ = 1, para n ≥ 1. Neste artigo, investigamos esta nova sequência polinomial em detalhe e apresentamos alguns resultados e aplicações derivados desta investigação. Por exemplo, estudamos a equação caraterística e derivamos a função geradora correspondente. Adicionalmente, analisamos a relação de recorrência associada à soma de n polinômios repunidades.
The work organization in teleoperated driving – a human reliability and socio-technical systems perspective
Authors: Grabbe Niklas , Brettschneider Stefan , Bengler Klaus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Very high levels of automation in road traffic are accompanied by the need for teleoperation. If the driverless autonomous vehicle is not able to solve a complex driving situation, then the problem should be solved by a teleoperated intervention by getting a human into the loop. Such a system is highly complex, interacting in a socio-technical system. Therefore, in addition to the empirical research of user-centered development of teleoperated driving, an analytical and systemic approach is crucial in the first place to understand the interrelationships between the subsystems and to optimize a teleoperated driving system. This work provides a base for the systemic consideration by taking two different perspectives focusing on the work organization and vehicle operation dealing with how many vehicles can be monitored and serviced by one operator. First, a brief analytical perspective of human reliability is taken, emphasizing the appropriate definition of the operational design domain and knowledge of its variability. Second, a comprehensive systemic, socio-technical perspective is applied using the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) for a reflexive and computational purpose highlighting effects on operator workload and traffic performance. Finally, the implications of the research results are discussed and integrated into socio-technical interactions in everyday teleoperated driving between blunt- and sharp-end factors from a safety and reliability perspective to demonstrate the complex leverage of the work organization. Overall, the insights contribute to an enhanced understanding of the complex socio-technical interactions in teleoperated driving.
Exploring cardiovascular implications in systemic lupus erythematosus: A holistic analysis of complications, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic modalities, encompassing pharmacological and adjuvant approaches
Authors: Dawi John , Affa Scarlet , Misakyan Yura , Fardeheb Sabrina , Kades Samuel , Kiriaki Anthony , Mohan Aishvaryaa Shree , Norris Brandon , Yoon Sonyeol , Venketaraman Vishwanath 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) poses a diagnostic challenge due to its heterogeneity. This study examines the cardiac complications of SLE comprehensively, covering pericarditis, myocarditis, pleural effusion, valvular disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Nearly one-third of SLE-related deaths are attributed to cardiovascular diseases, necessitating a deeper understanding of cardiac pathophysiology. The impact of SLE on the cardiovascular system manifests in various ways, including recurrent and resistant pericarditis, severe myocarditis, and pleural effusion. Valvular diseases, atherosclerosis, and cardiac arrhythmias are prevalent, with immune complex deposition playing a role in atherosclerosis. Diagnostic criteria involve clinical features, laboratory findings, and autoantibodies, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. The review explores pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities for managing cardiac manifestations in SLE. Recommendations include NSAIDs, colchicine, and proton pump inhibitors for acute pericarditis, while selective immunosuppressive therapy is emerging for myocarditis. Valvular diseases require individualized treatment approaches, and careful corticosteroid management is crucial to avoid increased cardiovascular events. Anti-malarial therapy, particularly hydroxychloroquine, shows promise in mitigating cardiovascular risk factors. Non-pharmacological modifications, such as diet, exercise, and smoke cessation, significantly contribute to cardiovascular health in SLE patients. Adjuvant therapies involving glutathione and glutathione peroxidase focus on redox balance, offering potential interventions. This integrated approach combines diagnostic insights with diverse treatment modalities, providing a holistic strategy for managing cardiac complications in SLE. Ongoing research is essential to refine these strategies and optimize individualized treatment plans for improved patient outcomes.
Performance evaluation of enzymatic total bile acid (TBA) routine assays: systematic comparison of five fifth-generation TBA cycling methods and their individual bile acid recovery from HPLC-MS/MS reference
Authors: Grimmler Matthias , Frömel Tobias , Masetto Angelique , Müller Holger , Leber Tina , Peter Christoph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Serum total bile acid (TBA) levels are frequently assessed in clinical routine for the early detection of hepatobiliary dysfunction. However, the comparability of current 5th-generation TBA cycle assays based on 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) and their ability to quantify individual bile acids has not been systematically addressed.

Methods
Patient serum samples (n=60) across the diagnostically relevant TBA range (1–200 μmol/L) were analyzed using five TBA routine assays from Abbott, DiaSys, Diazyme, Beijing Strong (BSBE) and Randox on the same analyzer (BioMajesty® JCA-BM6010/C). The assays were compared using Passing-Bablok regression and the recovery of 11 individual BAs was evaluated against RP-HPLC-MS/MS as non-enzymatic reference method.

Results
Despite excellent correlation (Spearman r ≥0.99), the assays showed proportional differences (slope) ranging from 0.99 (BSBE/Randox) to 1.24 (Abbott/DiaSys). The assays showed considerable deviation in the recovery of competitor’s calibrators and controls, and large heterogeneity in the recovery of individual BAs, with mean deviations from reference value between 13 % (DiaSys) and 42 % (Abbott). CA and TCA were measured most accurately and consistently, whereas GCA, CDCA, DCA, UDCA, and conjugates were over- or undermeasured to varying degrees.

Conclusions
The linear relationship and constant proportional bias between all five routine assays enable the harmonization of TBA measurements up to 60 μmol/L. However, for patient samples with high TBA levels and disease-specific overrepresentation of individual BAs, harmonization will require: i) optimized reaction conditions to equalize substrate specificity, and ii) calibration to a common, commutable reference material with well-defined BA composition instead of internal standards spiked with different BAs.