bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scent‐marking behavior by subordinate Eurasian beavers
Authors: Hohwieler Katrin , Rosell Frank , Mayer Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChemical communication by scent‐marking is widespread among mammals and can serve different purposes, such as territory demarcation, mate attraction and self‐advertisement. In this study, we examined scent‐marking behavior by subordinate Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) in a population in southeast Norway. We conducted scent experiments in 18 family groups, simulating a territory intruder using experimental scent mounds (ESM). In total, we recorded 196 territorial reactions (destroying and/or overmarking of scent mounds). Subordinates contributed 14% of all territorial reactions and first overmarked 12% of the ESM, and the number of subordinates in the family group did not increase the total number of territorial reactions. This suggests that the contribution by subordinates plays a minor role in territorial defense. The number of territorial reactions by subordinates was positively related to the age of their parents, suggesting that subordinates might take over territorial duties with increasing parental senescence, likely because they have increased chances of inheriting the territory. Increased experience in territorial activities possibly helps subordinates to successfully gain and defend a territory of their own.
Boldness related to size in the hermit crab Coenobita compressus at undisturbed, but not disturbed beach
Authors: Hewes Mackenzie E. , Chaves‐Campos Johel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere is growing interest in the consequences of consistent individual behavioral differences within and between populations. We compared the magnitude, repeatability, and plasticity of boldness in the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita compressus in three habitats with different degrees of disturbance in Costa Rica. We encourage researchers to test additional sites to assess the generality of our results. Boldness decreased with crab size at the less disturbed sites, while no relationship between size and boldness was found at the disturbed site. Boldness increased with habitat disturbance, perhaps because bolder crabs succeed in exploiting food around people. Repeatability and plasticity were similar across sites. We hypothesize that population differences may be the result of developmental plasticity when aquatic larvae settle on a beach or selection for boldness at the disturbed site acting on each new generation.
A modification of UniGrow 2‐parameter driving force model for short fatigue crack growth
Authors: Bang D.J. , Ince A. , Tang L.Q. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a modification of the UniGrow model is proposed to predict total fatigue life with the presence of a short fatigue crack by incorporating short crack propagation into the UniGrow crack growth model. The UniGrow model is modified by 2 different methods, namely the “short crack stress intensity correction method” and the “short crack data‐fitting method” to estimate the total fatigue life including both short and long fatigue crack propagations. Predicted fatigue lives obtained from these 2 methods were compared with experimental data sets of 2024‐T3, 7075‐T56 aluminium alloys, and Ti‐6Al‐4V titanium alloy. Two proposed methods have shown good fatigue life predictions at relatively high maximum stresses; however, they provide conservative fatigue life predictions at lower stresses corresponding high cycle fatigue lives where short crack behaviour dominates total fatigue life at lower stress levels.
Modeling marine pelagic fish species spatiotemporal distributions utilizing a maximum entropy approach
Authors: Wang Lifei , Kerr Lisa A. , Record Nicholas R. , Bridger Eric , Tupper Benjamin , Mills Katherine E. , Armstrong Edward M. , Pershing Andrew J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how ocean conditions influence fish distributions is critical for elucidating the role of climate in ecosystem change and forecasting how fish may be distributed in the future. Traditional species distribution models are often applied to scientific‐survey data, which include species presence‐absence information, to predict distributions. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models are promising tools as they can be applied to presence‐only data (e.g., data collected from fishermen targeting a specific species or from observers in citizen‐science programs). We used MaxEnt models to relate occurrence records of three marine pelagic fish (Atlantic herring, Atlantic mackerel, and butterfish) in fishery‐dependent data to environmental conditions (sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll‐a concentration from satellite remote sensing, bathymetry, and climate indices), and evaluated model performance by both cross‐validation and validation using fishery‐independent data. We developed monthly habitat suitability maps for these fish in the Northwest Atlantic Shelf area, and assessed the relative influence of environmental factors on their distributions. Across months, their suitable habitat areas varied with each species exhibiting inshore‐offshore and north‐south movements in response to changing environmental conditions. Overall, SST and chlorophyll‐a concentration had the greatest influence on the distributions of these fish, with bathymetry having moderate influence and climate indices having little influence. Our application of MaxEnt models enabled us to integrate presence‐only data and high resolution environmental data from satellite remote sensing to describe spatiotemporal distributions of marine pelagic fish. These models were used to hindcast species occurrence in relation to historical environmental conditions to evaluate their predictive performance, and have the potential to provide nowcasts in relation to current conditions or forecasts of species future distributions.
Itch and psyche: psychiatric aspects of pruritus
Authors: Jafferany Mohammad , Davari Maryam E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractItch, also referred to as pruritus, is an unpleasant cutaneous sensation provoking the desire to scratch. It is often an uncomfortable, subjective sensation responsible for decreased quality of life in a variety of psychodermatological conditions. Comorbid psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety, are frequently associated with itch and scratch cycle. The reciprocal and intricate relationship between the psyche and itch has been widely studied. The neurobiology of itch involves the complexity of specific mediators, itch‐related neuronal pathways, and central processing of itch. The connection between itch and the psyche can be grouped under three headings: pruritic diseases with psychosocial sequelae, pruritic diseases aggravated by psychosocial factors, and psychiatric disorders causing pruritus. Itch and pain modulation go together in most circumstances and involve various substances including histamine, interleukins, protease‐activated receptors, transient receptor potential receptors, opioids, and cannabinoids. The close interaction between keratinocytes and nerve endings modulating pain and itch also play a major role. Management of itch associated with its psychosomatic components is directed at an underlying cause and adopting a holistic approach to address not only dermatologic and somatosensory aspects, but also the cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial components. An integrated multidisciplinary team consisting of a dermatologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, and social worker is vital in addressing the multifaceted aspects of pruritus.
Effect of solvents on polyphenol recovery and antioxidant activity of isolates of Asparagus Officinalis roots from Chinese and New Zealand cultivars
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , Birch John , Yang Haiyan , Xie Chaonan , Kong Lingming , Dias George , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNine solvents of varying polarity (water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, n‐butyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether) were used to determine the optimal extraction solvent that gives the highest yield of bioactive compounds from six Asparagus Officinalis L root (AR) cultivars from China and New Zealand. The contents of total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), total saponins (TSC) and caffeic acid (CA) were determined. Antioxidant assessments included ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ diphenyl‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS) and β‐carotene bleaching activity assays. The results indicated that yellow AR from China had the highest content of TPC, TFC, TSC and CA compared to other AR cultivars. The most effective solvents for bioactive compound recoveries and antioxidant activities from A. officinalis L root extraction were ethanol and methanol. The content of CA in ethanol extracts of yellow AR achieved 92.0 mg g−1 DE.
A scoping review of the pharmaceutical care needs of people with sensory loss
Authors: Killick Kirsty , Macaden Leah , Smith Annetta , Kroll Thilo , Stoddart Kathleen , Watson Margaret C 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This scoping review collated evidence of the pharmaceutical care needs of people with sensory loss (SL).

Methods
Electronic databases were searched with no limit on year of publication: Medline (1946); Embase; Cinahl (1979); and Web of Science (1985). Search terms included the following: pharmacy; sight/hearing/dual impairment. Studies were included if they involved people with SL requiring pharmaceutical care and/or pharmacists/pharmacy support staff providing pharmaceutical care for people with SL. All study designs were eligible. This was a scoping review, and as such, the quality of studies was not formally evaluated.

Key findings
Eleven studies were included. People with SL had lower levels of medication knowledge than their peers without SL. People with SL were identified as being at higher risk of iatrogenic harm than people without SL. Communication was a barrier to the provision of pharmaceutical care for people with hearing loss, with pharmacists relying on the provision of written information. The prevalence of SL increases with age, yet only two studies included older people. No studies involved family or carers of people with SL, people with dual loss or people with SL receiving polypharmacy.

Conclusions
There is a paucity of data regarding the pharmaceutical care needs of people with SL. Unmet pharmaceutical care needs put people with SL at increased risk of harm from their medicines. A detailed understanding of the needs of people with SL is required which will inform future delivery of pharmaceutical care for this vulnerable population.
Among Brothers and Strangers: Identities in Displacement in Iraq
Authors: Siddiqui Nadia , Guiu Roger , Ameen Shwan Aaso 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThrough analysis of primary qualitative data collected in Nineveh, Kirkuk, and Sulaimaniya Governorates in Iraq, this article seeks to explore the rapidly shifting and fragmenting identity dynamics at play in the emerging aftermath of ISIS and the impact that this conflict – and previous legacies of violence and repression – has had on relationships within and between groups, and between groups and the state. Communities increasingly position themselves against one another in relation to vindication of rights and protection. This zero‐sum stance comes from a history of mismanagement of communities and their respective grievances by the state and international partners. Formal acknowledgement of suffering across groups by the state may serve as a first step to break this cycle of negation toward one of inclusion, in the midst of mass displacement and emerging population returns.
Strong magnetoelectric effect in pulse laser deposited [Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3]/CoFe2O4 bilayer thin film
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Kushwaha Varun K. , Kolte Jayant , Tomy Chakkalakal V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolycrystalline bilayer thin film of multiferroic [Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3]/CoFe2O4([BZT‐0.5BCT]/CFO) has been deposited on Pt/Si (100) substrate using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The dielectric analysis reveals a significant change in the dielectric constant (~39% at a typical frequency of 100 Hz) at room temperature when a magnetic field is applied, in addition to a substantial improvement in the saturation polarization. A low leakage current density (~ 5 × 10−7 A/cm2) and a high magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (αE) both in the transverse (~2.085 V/Oe cm) as well as in the longitudinal (~0.708 V/cm Oe) directions, indicate in‐principle usability of this system for multifunctional device applications in thin film form.
Poor sleep quality is associated with nocturnal glycaemic variability and fear of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Martyn‐Nemeth Pamela , Phillips Shane A. , Mihailescu Dan , Farabi Sarah S. , Park Chang , Lipton Rebecca , Idemudia Esema , Quinn Laurie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine sleep quality and its associations with glycaemic control, glycaemic variability (GV), and fear of hypoglycaemia (FOH) in adults with type 1 diabetes.BackgroundPoor sleep quality has negative health consequences and is a frequent complaint among adults with type 1 diabetes. Sleep quality in adults with type 1 diabetes is likely affected by glucose levels as well as stressors associated with managing a chronic condition.DesignA retrospective secondary analysis of pooled data from two previous cross‐sectional studies was conducted.MethodsWe examined subjective sleep quality, FOH; objective measures of glycaemic control (HbA1c); and GV (3‐day continuous glucose monitoring) in 48 men and women aged 18–45 years with type 1 diabetes. The data were collected over 3 years in 2013–2016.Results/FindingsPoor sleep quality was reported by 46% of patients. Those with poor sleep quality had significantly greater nocturnal GV and FOH. Nocturnal GV and FOH were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. The interaction effect of GV and FOH was significant.ConclusionThese findings suggest that glycaemic control and FOH are targets for intervention to improve sleep quality in those with type 1 diabetes.
Treatment of a bilaterally severely resorbed posterior mandible due to early tooth loss by Guided Bone Regeneration using customized allogeneic bone blocks: A case report with 24 months follow‐up data
Authors: Blume Oliver , Back Michael , Born Teresa , Smeets Ralf , Jung Ole , Barbeck Mike 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe use of allogeneic bone grafts for alveolar ridge reconstruction has become an often‐discussed alternative to augmentation procedures using autografts. Nevertheless, there still is a lack of literature concerning long‐time experiences of allografts for alveolar ridge reconstruction. Especially the results of the use of allogeneic bone blocks for mandible reconstructions need to be further investigated.Clinical ConsiderationsIn this case report, we present the use of customized allogenic bone blocks in Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) procedures for severely deficient mandibulary bones, the implantation after a healing period of 5 month and the 24‐month follow‐up data.ConclusionsCustomized allogeneic bone blocks seem to be a successful alternative to augmentations with autologous bone blocks reconstructing highly resorbed mandibulary alveolar ridges, showing highest volume stability and no signs of bone resorption after implant loading.Clinical SignificanceThe application of customized allogeneic bone blocks has shown to be a successful augmentation technique even compared with with autologous bone blocks reconstructing highly resorbed mandibulary alveolar ridges demonstrating no compromises regarding clinical outcome, functionality and esthetics.
On the role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in plant productivity
Authors: Zhang Youjun , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is one of the canonical energy pathways of living systems, as well as being an example of a pathway in which dynamic enzyme assemblies, or metabolons, are well characterized. The role of the enzymes have been the subject of saturated transgenesis approaches, whereby the expression of the constituent enzymes were reduced or knocked out in order to ascertain their in vivo function. Some of the resultant plants exhibited improved photosynthesis and plant growth, under controlled greenhouse conditions. In addition, overexpression of the endogenous genes, or heterologous forms of a number of the enzymes, has been carried out in tomato fruit and the roots of a range of species, and in some instances improvement in fruit yield and postharvest properties and plant performance, under nutrient limitation, have been reported, respectively. Given a number of variants, in nature, we discuss possible synthetic approaches involving introducing these variants, or at least a subset of them, into plants. We additionally discuss the likely consequences of introducing synthetic metabolons, wherein certain pairs of reactions are artificially permanently assembled into plants, and speculate as to future strategies to further improve plant productivity by manipulation of the core metabolic pathway.
Effect of 17β‐oestradiol on T‐type calcium channels in the lateral habenula
Authors: Song Mei Ying , Li Chun Ying , Liu Xiao Feng , Xiao Jin Yu , Zhao Hua 
Published: June 2018

T‐type calcium channels (T‐channels) are critical for regulating neuronal excitability. Oestrogen alters neuronal excitability by modulating the expression of T‐channels. The lateral habenula (LHb), as a link between the limbic system and midbrain structures, expresses T‐channels and ERs. However, little is known about the role of oestrogen with respect to modulating T‐channels in the LHb. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of T‐channels in 3 LHb subregions (rostral, middle and caudal) in normal female rats. Next, we analysed the influence of 17β‐oestradiol (E2) on T‐channels in the LHb in ovariectomised (OVX) rats (oil and E2 groups) using whole‐cell patch clamp recording and a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In normal rats, the results obtained showed that the peak of T‐type calcium current (IT) was −474.61 ± 48.33 pA and IT density was −29.11 ± 1.93 pA/pF. The IT peak and IT density on LHb neurones gradually decreased across the rostrocaudal axis. The neuronal firing pattern varied depending on the location: burst firing was dominant (53.85%) in the rostral LHb, whereas tonic firing was dominant (79.31%) in the caudal LHb. In OVX rats, real‐time PCR analysis revealed that E2 treatment decreased Cav3.3 mRNA expression in the caudal LHb. Patch clamp recording showed that E2 treatment decreased the peak IT and also reduced the low‐threshold spikes (LTS) number, amplitude and width of LTS in the caudal LHb. Taken together, the results obtained in the present study suggest that E2 may inhibit T‐channel activity by selectively down‐regulating Cav3.3 calcium channel in the caudal LHb, leading to reduced the possibility of burst firing.
“Experiences of the burden of treatment”—Patient reports of facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment in adults with immunodeficiency
Authors: Petersson Christina , Fust Ramona , Hagstedt Carina , Wågström Per , Nilsdotter‐Augustinsson Åsa 
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate patient‐reported experiences of facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment in adults with primary or secondary immunodeficiency.BackgroundDecreased levels of circulating antibodies (humoral immunodeficiency) are often associated with higher infection rates which cause problems in daily living, for example, symptoms of severe and recurrent bacterial infections that may cause chronic lung diseases. For some diagnoses, treatment with immunoglobulin becomes critical and lifelong. The acceptability of administration forms is important to achieve adherence to treatment and to increase quality of life for these patients.DesignConvergent mixed‐method approach.MethodsA structured telephone interview with nine questions evaluated on a score scale about treatment experience, satisfaction and ancillary supplies was used, followed by open‐ended questions for each item.ResultsProhibiting factors were revealed, exemplified by problems due to technical issues and ancillary supply issues. Promoting factors were shown by high a satisfaction according to the score‐scale when combining treatment with daily life as well as increased well‐being. Facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment led to fewer treatment sessions, with a time‐saving aspect also described by high scores in the item concerning longer treatment interval.ConclusionsThe opportunity to be given the best possible treatment plan adjusted for each patient's situation is central. Healthcare professionals should discuss the different aspects that can promote and inhibit the outcomes of treatment.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results can help professionals to understand different factors that may impinge on the patients’ everyday life when they are forced into a lifelong treatment regimen. This knowledge is also important for nurses who have a responsibility to promote health concerning patients with long‐term conditions in general.
Quid Pro Quo? What Factors Influence IPO Allocations to Investors?
Authors: JENKINSON TIM , JONES HOWARD , SUNTHEIM FELIX 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTUsing data from all of the leading international investment banks on 220 initial public offerings (IPOs) raising $160 billion between January 2010 and May 2015, we test the determinants of IPO allocations. We compare investors’ IPO allocations with proxies for their information production during bookbuilding and the broking (and other) revenues they generate for bookrunners. We find evidence consistent with information revelation theories. We also find strong support for the existence of a quid pro quo whereby broking revenues are a significant determinant of investors’ IPO allocations and profits. The quid pro quo remains when we control for unobserved investor characteristics and investor‐bank relationships.
The Geography of Financial Misconduct
Authors: PARSONS CHRISTOPHER A. , SULAEMAN JOHAN , TITMAN SHERIDAN 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTFinancial misconduct (FM) rates differ widely between major U.S. cities, up to a factor of 3. Although spatial differences in enforcement and firm characteristics do not account for these patterns, city‐level norms appear to be very important. For example, FM rates are strongly related to other unethical behavior, involving politicians, doctors, and (potentially unfaithful) spouses, in the city.