bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex product quality prediction based on ResNeSt model combining class-aware attention mechanism and dynamically updating class weights
Authors: Rao He , Zhan Hongfei , Yu Junhe , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The processing state data of complex products often exhibits high dimensionality, intricate feature relationships, and imbalanced distributions, hindering the accuracy of data-driven quality prediction models. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a complex product quality prediction model that integrates a class-aware attention mechanism and dynamic class weight update strategy. To handle the high dimensionality and complex correlations of the data, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree-based Recursive Feature Elimination (GBDT-RFE) algorithms are employed for feature selection. In response to the imbalanced distribution of data categories, a class-aware attention mechanism module is built upon the ResNeSt network, utilizing prior knowledge of data distribution to adjust the model’s focus. Furthermore, a loss function is designed to dynamically update class weights based on classification error rates, enabling the model to adaptively adjust the weight allocation for different classes, thereby enhancing its generalization capability. Experimental results on a semiconductor industry dataset demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the original ResNeSt model in multiple metrics, with accuracy improved by 3.5%, AUC increased by 12.6%, F1 score raised by 18.9%, and recall enhanced by 24%, ultimately achieving an overall prediction accuracy of 98.7%. These multidimensional improvements make the model suitable for various complex product data scenarios such as electronics manufacturing, automotive industry, and biopharmaceuticals, demonstrating broad applicability.
Characterizing out-of-distribution generalization of neural networks: application to the disordered Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model
Authors: Cybiński Kacper , Płodzień Marcin , Tomza Michał , Lewenstein Maciej , Dauphin Alexandre , Dawid Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a promising tool for the detection of phases of matter. However, ML models are also known for their black-box construction, which hinders understanding of what they learn from the data and makes their application to novel data risky. Moreover, the central challenge of ML is to ensure its good generalization abilities, i.e. good performance on data outside the training set. Here, we show how the informed use of an interpretability method called class activation mapping, and the analysis of the latent representation of the data with the principal component analysis can increase trust in predictions of a neural network (NN) trained to classify quantum phases. In particular, we show that we can ensure better out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization in the complex classification problem by choosing such an NN that, in the simplified version of the problem, learns a known characteristic of the phase. We also discuss the characteristics of the data representation learned by a network that are predictors of its good OOD generalization. We show this on an example of the topological Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model with and without disorder, which turned out to be surprisingly challenging for NNs trained in a supervised way. This work is an example of how the systematic use of interpretability methods can improve the performance of NNs in scientific problems.
Introduction: How the Return to Industrial Policy Threatens to Undermine the WTO
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the content of the whole volume. It starts with the observation that we are witnessing “slowbalization” as the growth of trade has been halted. The main reason is the number of trade-impeding measures, many of which are in the name of national security. At this juncture, not much can be done against similar measures, as enforcement at the WTO level has been crippled: WTO members routinely adopt trade-restricting measures safe in the knowledge that, if challenged, they can always appeal hostile panel reports “into the void” as we explain later on, and thus deprive panel decisions of any legal significance. But the bigger problem is that correcting this defect is not much help. The law itself needs to be rethought, as it is outdated. Alas, there is no appetite for legislative action at the WTO.
Industrial Policy in the Eighties
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Semiconductors emerged as the apple of discord between Japan and the US in the 1980s. While the US was the first mover in this market, Japan managed to progress faster. The US did not want to leave this market, understanding its importance both to the national economy as well as to its own security. It refused Japanese investment in the US market and requested a fairer partition of the world market between them. A feud soon erupted between them, largely about rents, as national security was sparingly invoked. The agreements signed between the two litigants did not help the cause of the US. This was the first lesson that techno-nationalism does not work.
Ecstatic Forms: Air and the Apsarā  during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
Authors: Feng Anne N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a minor deity in Buddhist art, the apsarā (feitian/hiten) is a beloved figure in China and Japan today. Their images adorn bottles of high-end liquor, while their names are bestowed upon moon-bound spacecrafts. Ecstatically tumbling and twirling in the air, the impossible contortion of their acrobatic bodies creates a sense of weightlessness and boundlessness. This essay argues that the apsarā only emerged as an art-historical subject during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), when intellectuals, artists and performers, on both sides of the frontlines, became concerned with the intermingling of space and form through the medium of air. Tracing how modern writers and choreographers used the apsarā to adumbrate modernist aspirations of movement, speed, aviation and progress, I show how the apsarā was folded into new international discourses on mood, atmosphere and space in art and dance in the early twentieth century.
Microfocused Ultrasound With Visualization (MFU-V) and Hyperdilute Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA-CMC) of the Lower Face and Submentum to Treat Skin Laxity: A Pilot Study Demonstrating Superiority of MFU-V First Followed by Hyperdilute CaHA-CMC
Authors: Doyle Amanda , Looi Iris , Chu Paul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V) and hyperdilute calcium hydroxylapatite-carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC) dermal injections are effective for improving skin laxity in the lower face and submentum by stimulating neocollagenesis and neoelastogenesis.

Objectives
Combining these treatments in an optimal order may inform best practice in aesthetic dermatology. Despite their frequent concurrent use, no study has evaluated the impact of treatment order. This study aimed to determine the optimal sequence for administering MFU-V and hyperdilute CaHA-CMC.

Methods
Twelve healthy women aged 35 to 65 years were randomized into 2 groups. Group A received MFU-V followed by hyperdilute CaHA-CMC 6 weeks later, while Group B received the treatments in the opposite order. Evaluations included histological assessments, aesthetic outcomes, and safety measures.

Results
Group A showed greater improvements in subjective Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, investigator Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, and FACE-Q Patient-Perceived Age visual analog scale scores. Both groups exhibited similar improvements in FACE-Q Satisfaction with Lower Face and Jawline scores. Histologically, both groups demonstrated significant elastin production at the 120-day follow-up. Group A showed a 143% relative increase in elastin coverage, compared with a 63% increase in Group B. Consequently, Group A exhibited superior qualitative and histologic improvements.

Conclusions
Administering MFU-V first, followed by hyperdilute CaHA-CMC 6 weeks later, is the optimal sequence for this combination therapy. Although both groups experienced increased elastin synthesis and aesthetic improvements, the order of treatments significantly impacted the outcomes, favoring the sequence used in Group A. This finding provides valuable insight for optimizing combination therapies in aesthetic dermatology.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
ONDSA: a testing framework based on Gaussian graphical models for differential and similarity analysis of multiple omics networks
Authors: Chen Jiachen , Murabito Joanne M , Lunetta Kathryn L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Gaussian graphical model (GGM) is a statistical network approach that represents conditional dependencies among components, enabling a comprehensive exploration of disease mechanisms using high-throughput multi-omics data. Analyzing differential and similar structures in biological networks across multiple clinical conditions can reveal significant biological pathways and interactions associated with disease onset and progression. However, most existing methods for estimating group differences in sparse GGMs only apply to comparisons between two groups, and the challenging problem of multiple testing across multiple GGMs persists. This limitation hinders the ability to uncover complex biological insights that arise from comparing multiple conditions simultaneously. To address these challenges, we propose the Omics Networks Differential and Similarity Analysis (ONDSA) framework, specifically designed for continuous omics data. ONDSA tests for structural differences and similarities across multiple groups, effectively controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at a desired level. Our approach focuses on entry-wise comparisons of precision matrices across groups, introducing two test statistics to sequentially estimate structural differences and similarities while adjusting for correlated effects in FDR control procedures. We show via comprehensive simulations that ONDSA outperforms existing methods under a range of graph structures and is a valuable tool for joint comparisons of multiple GGMs. We also illustrate our method through the detection of neuroinflammatory pathways in a multi-omics dataset from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, involving three apolipoprotein E genotype groups. It highlights ONDSA’s ability to provide a more holistic view of biological interactions and disease mechanisms through multi-omics data integration.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals common interactions between follicle immune cells and granulosa cells in premature ovarian insufficiency patients
Authors: Han Ying , Diao Junrong , Wang Xinyan , Zhang Shuai , Yuan Lina , Ping Yaqiong , Gao Ge , Zhang Yunshan , Luo Haining 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the follicle microenvironment of individuals with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), normal ovarian reserve (normal), and advanced maternal age (AMA), and identify potential therapeutic targets. A total of nine women, including three POI, three normal, and three AMA women, who underwent in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection were included in this study. For each participant, the first punctured follicle not containing cumulus cells were submitted to single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the characteristics of the follicle microenvironment of POI, normal, and AMA individuals. A total of 87,323 cells were isolated and grouped into six clusters: T cells, B cells, neutrophils, basophils, mononuclear phagocytes, and granulosa cells. Further analysis demonstrated that the population of granulosa cells in cluster 6 was increased in AMA and POI patients, whereas the population of gamma delta T (GDT) cells was decreased. We also found that the genes that were differentially expressed between GDT cells and monocytes were enriched in ribosome- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related pathways. In addition, it showed that VEGFA–FLT1 interaction between the monocytes and granulosa cells may be lost in the AMA and POI patients as compared with the normal group. Loss of the VEGFA–FLT1 interaction in monocytes and granulosa cells, along with enriched ER- and ribosome-related pathways, may drive excess inflammation, accelerating granulosa cell senility and contributing to infertility. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of POI and aging and highlights the VEGFA–FLT1 interaction may be a potential therapeutic target for reducing inflammation and treating POI.
A causal inference framework for leveraging external controls in hybrid trials
Authors: Valancius Michael , Pang Herbert , Zhu Jiawen , Cole Stephen R , Jonsson Funk Michele , Kosorok Michael R 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We consider the challenges associated with causal inference in settings where data from a randomized trial are augmented with control data from an external source to improve efficiency in estimating the average treatment effect (ATE). This question is motivated by the SUNFISH trial, which investigated the effect of risdiplam on motor function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. While the original analysis used only data generated by the trial, we explore an alternative analysis incorporating external controls from the placebo arm of a historical trial. We cast the setting into a formal causal inference framework and show how these designs are characterized by a lack of full randomization to treatment and heightened dependency on modeling. To address this, we outline sufficient causal assumptions about the exchangeability between the internal and external controls to identify the ATE and establish a connection with novel graphical criteria. Furthermore, we propose estimators, review efficiency bounds, develop an approach for efficient doubly robust estimation even when unknown nuisance models are estimated with flexible machine learning methods, suggest model diagnostics, and demonstrate finite-sample performance of the methods through a simulation study. The ideas and methods are illustrated through their application to the SUNFISH trial, where we find that external controls can increase the efficiency of treatment effect estimation.
The quantitative impact of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT staging in newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer and treatment-decision implications
Authors: Abdel-Aty Hoda , Hujairi Nabil , Murray Iain , Yogeswaran Yathushan , van As Nicholas , James Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To quantify the stage-shift with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT imaging in metastatic prostate cancer and explore treatment implications.

Methods
Single-centre, retrospective analysis of patients with newly diagnosed [18F]PSMA-1007 or [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-detected metastatic prostate cancer who had baseline bone scintigraphy between January 2015 and May 2021. Patients were subclassified into oligometastatic and polymetastatic disease utilizing the STAMPEDE2 trial (ISRCTN66357938/NCT06320067) definition. Patient, tumour, and treatment characteristics were collected. PSMA PET/CT concordance with conventional imaging (bone scintigraphy and low-dose CT of PET) was identified by number and site of metastases, and subgroup assigned. Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression modelling determined the association between the imaging modalities.

Results
We analysed 62 patients with a median age was 72 years (range 48-86). On PSMA PET/CT, 31/62 (50%) patients had oligometastatic disease, and 31/62 (50%) had polymetastatic disease. Prostate radiotherapy was delivered in 20/31 (65%) patients with oligometastatic disease and 17/31 (55%) with polymetastatic disease. 23/62 (37%) patients were reclassified as M0 on conventional imaging. PSMA PET/CT had a 2.9-fold increase in detecting bone metastases. Bone metastases concordance was found in 10/50 (20%) by number and 30/33 (91%) by site. PSMA PET/CT had a 2.2-fold increase in detecting nodal metastases. Nodal metastases concordance was found in 5/46 (11%) by number and 25/26 (96%) by site. There was significant positive correlation between PSMA PET/CT and conventional imaging for detecting bone [R2 = 0.25 (P &lt; 0.001)] and nodal metastases [R2 = 0.19 (P &lt; 0.001)]. 16/31 (52%) had oligometastatic disease concordance.

Conclusion
The magnitude of PSMA PET/CT-driven stage-shift is highly variable and unpredictable with implications on treatment decisions, future trial design, and potentially clinical outcomes.

Advances in knowledge
The magnitude of “frame-shift” with PSMA PET/CT imaging is highly variable and unpredictable which may unreliably change treatment decisions dependent on image-defined disease extent. Prospective randomized trials are required to determine the relationship between PSMA PET/CT-guided treatment choices and outcomes.
Bridging the gap: unlocking the potential of emerging drug therapies for brain metastasis
Authors: Ding Jiatong , Jiang Yale , Jiang Ning , Xing Shujun , Ge Fan , Ma Peiwen , Tang Qiyu , Miao Huilei , Zhou Jiawei , Fang Yuan , Cui Dandan , Liu Dongyan , Han Yanjie , Yu Weijie , Wang Yuning , Zhao Guo , Cai Yuanting , Wang Shuhang , Sun Nan , Li Ning 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Brain metastasis remains an unmet clinical need in advanced cancers with an increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The limited response to various treatments is mainly derived from the presence of the substantive barrier, blood–brain barrier (BBB) and brain–tumour barrier (BTB), which hinders the access of potentially effective therapeutics to the metastatic tumour of the brain. Recently, the understanding of the structural and molecular features of the BBB/BTB has led to the development of efficient strategies to enhance BBB/BTB permeability and deliver drugs across the BBB/BTB to elicit the anti-tumour response against brain metastasis. Meanwhile, novel agents capable of penetrating the BBB have rapidly developed and been evaluated in preclinical studies and clinical trials, with both targeted therapies and immunotherapies demonstrating impressive intracranial activity against brain metastasis.
In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the biological properties of the BBB/BTB and the emerging strategies for BBB/BTB permeabilization and drug delivery across the BBB/BTB. We also discuss the emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies against brain metastasis tested in clinical trials. Additionally, we provide our viewpoints on accelerating clinical translation of novel drugs into clinic for patients of brain metastasis. Although still challenging, we expect this review to benefit the future development of novel therapeutics, specifically from a clinical perspective.
CAFomics: convergence to translation for precision stroma approaches
Authors: McCabe Ian C , Peng Xianlu L , Kearney Joseph F , Yeh Jen Jen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A noticeable characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors is a dense tumor microenvironment with abundant and dense, desmoplastic stroma woven tightly with both cellular and matrix components. The high stromal density is associated with higher intratumor pressures which, until the last decade, was largely assumed to be tumor protective, confirmed by early studies demonstrating that altering the stroma was effective in genetically engineered models of PDAC. However, clinical trials using these approaches have been disappointing. There is increasing recognition that stroma heterogeneity is much greater than initially thought with an explosion of investigation into cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subpopulations led by experimental and single-cell transcriptomic studies. This review summarizes and attempts to harmonize the current transcriptomic data of CAF subpopulations. Understanding the heterogeneity of CAFs, the matrix, and other tumor microenvironment features will be critical to developing effective therapeutic approaches. Identifying model systems that best recapitulate the clinical behavior and treatment response of human PDAC will be important. Examining subpopulations as defined by clinical outcome will remain a critical step in defining clinically impactful CAF subtypes in larger clinical cohorts. The future of precision oncology in PDAC will depend on the integration of precision tumor epithelial and precision stroma approaches.
Catching invasives with curiosity: the importance of passive biosecurity surveillance systems for invasive forest pest detection
Authors: Roe Amanda D , Greenwood Leigh F , Coyle David R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
First detections of nonnative insect species are often made by curious members of the public rather than by specialists or trained professionals. Passive surveillance is a crucial component of national biosecurity surveillance, highlighted by early detection case studies of several prominent nonnative arthropod pests (e.g., Asian longhorned beetle [ALB], Jorō spider, spotted lanternfly). These examples demonstrate that curiosity and the recognition of novelty in the natural world, along with enabling technology and systems, are a critical part of early detection and effective invasive species management. This is particularly impactful when dealing with conspicuous pests or for new and emerging nonnative species that have yet to be detected in a new location. Data from historical and recent accounts of first detections of ALB incursions and other invasive forest pests underscore the need to invest in passive surveillance reporting systems and fully integrate public observations into existing surveillance frameworks. New automated approaches streamline the assessment of public observations and can generate pest alerts to initiate a formal regulatory assessment. Biodiversity monitoring platforms, such as iNaturalist, provide a focal point for community engagement and aggregate verified public observations. Empowering proactive reporting of biological novelty provides needed support for early detection of invasive species. Embracing the public as active members of the surveillance community can be cost effective and lead to the greatest gains in the proactive management of invasive species around the world.