bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability estimates of fractures in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses using a non‐linear model
Authors: Tozaki Teruaki , Miyake Takeshi , Kikuchi Mio , Kakoi Hironaga , Hirota Kei‐ichi , Kusano Kanichi , Ishikawa Yuhiro , Nomura Motoi , Kushiro Asuka , Nagata Shun‐ichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThoroughbred racehorses are produced by mating small numbers of Arabian stallions and native British mares, and have been improved by selection of horseracing performance for about 300 years. While these improvements led to good performance as racehorses, they exposed horses to numerous medical disorders, aggravated by extensive exercise. Fractures are frequent medical disorders in Thoroughbred racehorses. In this study, fracture heritability was estimated using 3,927 Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses to elucidate the risk of racehorse fractures. The heritability estimates of all examined fractures were low (h2 = 0.06), while those of fractures in carpal bone and carpus (carpal bone plus distal radius) were moderate (h2 = 0.37, 0.24, respectively). Fracture occurrence age for carpal bone and distal radius was both 3.3 years old and was younger than that for other fractures. These results indicated that a larger proportion of the variation in the studied population was due to genetic factors for carpal fractures than for other fractures, while the fractures at other bones were largely affected by environmental factors, correlated with the athlete period (number year in racing). These findings contribute to develop a management plan for suppressing racehorse fractures and improving horseracing safety.
Influence of autoclavation on the efficacy of extracted tooth roots used for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Mihatovic Ilja , Popal‐Jensen Ingela , Parvini Puria , Sader Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the influence of autoclavation on the efficacy of extracted tooth roots (TR) used for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation and two‐stage osseointegration.Material and MethodsMaxillary premolars were randomly assigned to either autoclavation (TR‐A) or were left untreated (TR‐C) and used as block grafts for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation in both lower quadrants (n = 4 beagle dogs). At 12 weeks, titanium implants were inserted and left to heal for 3 weeks. Histological analyses considered vertical bone gain (BD‐BC), augmented area (AA) and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) at vestibular (v) and oral (o) aspects.ResultsBoth TR‐C and TR‐A (exposures n = 3) grafts were associated with a replacement resorption and marked vertical bone gain. Median BD‐BC (TR‐C: 1.45 [v] to 1.62 mm [o] versus TR‐A: 0.97 [v] to 1.79 mm [o]) and AA (TR‐C: 0.64 [v] to 2.36 mm2 [o] versus TR‐A: 0.22 [v] to 2.36 mm2 [o]) values were comparable in both groups. V BIC (TR‐C: 49.32 [v] to 52.97% [o] versus TR‐A: 25.34 [v] to 46.11% [o]) values were significantly higher in the TR‐C group.ConclusionsBoth TR‐C and TR‐A grafts equally supported vertical alveolar ridge augmentation; however, osseointegration was partially facilitated in the TR‐C group.
In‐office bleaching with a commercial 40% hydrogen peroxide gel modified to have different pHs: Color change, surface morphology, and penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber
Authors: Acuña Eric D. , Parreiras Sibelli O. , Favoreto Michael W. , Cruz Gustavo P. , Gomes Anderson , Borges Christiane P. F. , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Reis Alessandra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn‐office bleaching gels are usually marketed in different pHs. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy, enamel surface morphology and concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in the pulp chamber of teeth bleached with 40% HP with different pHs.Materials and MethodsForty premolars were randomly divided according to bleaching gel pH: 5.1, 6.3, 7.0, and control (no bleaching). Teeth were prepared, an acetate buffer was placed in the pulp chamber and teeth were bleached with two 20‐minutes applications. The amount of HP was determined on a UV‐VIS spectrophotometer. Color change was assessed by using a digital spectrophotometer before and 1 week after bleaching treatment. Five additional premolars were divided into four parts, assigned to the same groups above for analysis under scanning electron microscope. Data were subjected to anova and Tukey's tests (alpha = 0.05).ResultsThe group pH 5.1 showed the highest HP diffusion in the pulp chamber (P < .001). No significant difference was detected in color change (P = .51). All groups presented the same pattern of enamel demineralization.ConclusionsThe bleaching agent with pH 5.1 presented the highest HP amounts in the pulp chamber, but color change and enamel morphology were similar among groups.Clinical significanceRegardless of the pH, the bleaching effect can be observed in teeth submitted to high concentrations of HP, but a higher permeability of HP was found in the pulp chamber of teeth bleached with more acidic bleaching agents. Based on that, we suggest the use of alkaline gels for in‐office bleaching to minimize damage to the pulpal tissue.
Influence of preparation designs on marginal adaptation and failure load of full‐coverage occlusal veneers after thermomechanical aging simulation
Authors: Angerame Daniele , De Biasi Matteo , Agostinetto Martina , Franzò Andrea , Marchesi Giulio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the fracture resistance and marginal quality of maxillary molars restored using lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic (LDG) occlusal veneers with two preparation designs.MethodsSixteen extracted maxillary molars were assigned to two groups (n = 8). In group 1 (G1), the teeth received a preparation for a conservative full‐coverage occlusal veneer restoration with a 90° rounded shoulder margin. In group 2 (G2), the teeth underwent a 1‐mm cusp reduction with a marginal chamfer. LDG restorations (IPS e.max CAD) were obtained with the Cerec 3 CAD/CAM system and luted with Variolink II cement. After thermomechanical aging (1 250 000 cycles), the specimens were loaded to fracture. A semiquantitative marginal seal evaluation was performed observing resin replicas of the specimens at the scanning electron microscope. Cement thickness was assessed at the stereomicroscope on sectioned specimens. Collected data were statistically analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests.ResultsThe maximum load to fracture was 2395.01 ± 150.96 N in G1 and 2408.39 ± 112.66 N in G2. Most of the observed specimens exhibited restorable fractures and continuous margins. Cement thickness was 132 ± 38 μm in G1 and 150 ± 41 μm in G2. No differences between the groups emerged.ConclusionThis study demonstrated similar satisfactory performance of the two considered preparations designs for occlusal veneer with LDG.Clinical SignificanceA new minimally invasive occlusal veneer preparation with marginal chamfer exhibited promising fracture resistance and marginal adaptation that were comparable to those of a standard conservative preparation for the restoration of molars with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate occlusal veneers.
Computer‐guided implant surgery and full‐arch immediate loading with prefabricated—metal framework—provisional prosthesis created from a 3D printed model
Authors: Lanis Alejandro , Alvarez del Canto Orlando , Barriga Patricio , Polido Waldemar Daudt , Morton Dean 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn this article, we describe the planning phase and clinical procedure where a CAD CAM 3D printed master model was utilized to create a prefabricated—titanium reinforced—fixed provisional prosthesis for a full‐arch immediate loading after computer‐guided implant placement.Clinical ConsiderationsThe clinical procedure should be performed based on digital planning through an advanced surgical planning software and following the guidelines of full‐arch immediate loading protocol. The fact that the master model is fabricated under a computer‐assisted design and computer‐assisted manufacturing approach before implant placement makes the whole process considerably easier, faster, more precise and cheaper.ConclusionsThe use of a prefabricated—metal framework—provisional prosthesis for full‐arch immediate loading created from a 3D printed master model seems to be a predictable treatment option when computer‐guided implant surgery is performed.Clinical SignificanceThe presented article described an interesting and innovative technique to optimize implant treatment based on digital technologies and 3D printing. The presented technique will help to diminish treatment costs and times especially for immediate loading procedures in fully edentulous patients because it allows to fabricate a prosthetic structure prior implant placement based on a 3D printing process.
Determination of transport properties and mechanistic modeling of the coupled salt and water transport during osmotic dehydration of salmon induced by dry salting
Authors: Martínez‐López Brais , Bertelsen Niklas W. , Jessen Flemming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA mechanistic forward osmosis model based on nonideal principles and the continuity equation was adapted to the dry salting of salmon. The novelty of this model is that the water loss is coupled to the salt uptake by means of the activity gradient. Consequently, besides the primarily desired predictive purposes, the model also explains why the ion uptake triggers the osmotic dehydration. The determination of the model parameters, as well as the validation of the model was carried out by comparing the results of the simulations with experimental salt and water concentration distributions. The good predictions of the model allow the establishment of a tool to have a better control of the time the salting process must last to meet both organoleptic and safety requirements. Additionally, it is transversally applicable to other food matrices, and by extension, to other engineering situations involving dehydration induced by ion uptake.Practical applicationsAn increasing salt concentration in muscle tissue affects two very important aspects: the water loss (yield) and the water activity (consumer safety). The model presented in this work describes how these three variables are related by means of a physics‐based link. This allows its use to optimize the process. Moreover, as this model can also predict the water activity distribution at any time, it also helps to ensure that every point in the system meets the safety requirements.
New guidelines for fluorophore application in peroxisome targeting analyses in transient plant expression systems
Authors: Falter Christian , Thu Nguyen Binh Anh , Pokhrel Saugat , Reumann Sigrun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPeroxisome research has been revolutionized by proteome studies combined with in vivo subcellular targeting analyses. Yellow and cyan fluorescent protein (YFP and CFP) are the classical fluorophores of plant peroxisome research. In the new transient expression system of Arabidopsis seedlings co‐cultivated with Agrobacterium we detected the YFP fusion of one candidate protein in peroxisomes, but only upon co‐transformation with the peroxisome marker, CFP‐PTS1. The data suggested that the YFP fusion was directed to peroxisomes due to its weak heterodimerization ability with CFP‐PTS1, allowing piggy‐back import into peroxisomes. Indeed, if co‐expressed with monomeric Cerulean‐PTS1 (mCer‐PTS1), the YFP fusion was no longer matrix localized. We systematically investigated the occurrence and extent of dimerization‐based piggy‐back import for different fluorophore combinations in five major transient plant expression systems. In Arabidopsis seedlings and tobacco leaves both untagged YFP and monomeric Venus were imported into peroxisomes if co‐expressed with CFP‐PTS1 but not with mCer‐PTS1. By contrast, piggy‐back import of cytosolic proteins was not observed in Arabidopsis and tobacco protoplasts or in onion epidermal cells for any fluorophore combination at any time point. Based on these important results we formulate new guidelines for fluorophore usage and experimental design to guarantee reliable identification of novel plant peroxisomal proteins.
miR164c and miR168a regulate seed vigor in rice
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhou Shiqi , Wang Liping , Wu Duo , Cheng Hailan , Du Xu , Mao Dandan , Zhang Chunlai , Jiang Xiaocheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in many important biological processes of plants. However, few miRNAs have been shown to regulate seed vigor. Here, we conducted microarray assays to analyze miRNA expression levels in seeds of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar ZR02. Results showed significant differences in the expression of 11 miRNAs between artificially aged and untreated control seeds. Among these, osa‐miR164c was transcriptionally upregulated, while osa‐miR168a was downregulated in artificially aged seeds; this was verified by quantitative real‐time PCR analysis. Under the same aging condition, osa‐miR164c overexpression in OE164c transgenic seeds and osa‐miR168a silencing in MIM168a transgenic seeds of the rice cultivar Kasalath led to lower germination rates, whereas osa‐miR164c silencing in MIM164c and osa‐miR168a overexpression in OE168a resulted in higher seed germination rates compared with wild‐type seeds. Meanwhile, changes in cytomembrane permeability of seeds and in the expression level of osa‐miR164c target genes (OsPM27 and OsPSK5) and osa‐miR168a target genes (OsAGO1 and OsPTR2) under aging conditions coincided with changes in seed vigor induced by osa‐miR164c and osa‐miR168a. Thus, genetic manipulation of miRNAs has important implications in the development of crop cultivars with high vigor and extended life span of seeds.
Nurse understaffing is associated with adverse events in postanaesthesia care unit patients
Authors: Kiekkas Panagiotis , Tsekoura Vasiliki , Aretha Diamanto , Samios Adamantios , Konstantinou Evangelos , Igoumenidis Michael , Stefanopoulos Nikolaos , Fligou Fotini 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the associations between nurse staffing and the incidence and severity of hypoxaemia, arterial hypotension and bradycardia of postoperative patients during their postanaesthesia care unit stay.BackgroundNurse understaffing has been associated with adverse patient outcomes in a variety of hospital settings. In the postanaesthesia care unit, nursing shortage is common and can be related to compromised prevention, detection and treatment of adverse events.DesignObservational, single‐centre, prospective study that adhered to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklist (see Supporting information Appendix S1); 2,207 patients admitted to the postanaesthesia care unit of a tertiary care hospital over a 5‐month period were enrolled.MethodsIncidence of hypoxaemia (arterial oxygen saturation <95%), arterial hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg) and bradycardia (heart rate <50 beats per minute), along with episode severity, was recorded. Patients were classified into three groups as follows: sufficient staffing, low and high understaffing. Risk for hypoxaemia, arterial hypotension and bradycardia was adjusted according to patient, anaesthesia and operation characteristics.ResultsThe incidence of hypoxaemia was significantly higher in the high understaffing group patients, while the incidence of arterial hypotension was significantly higher in both low and high understaffing group patients, compared to sufficient staffing group ones. In the high understaffing group patients, hypoxaemia and arterial hypotension episodes were of significantly higher severity.ConclusionsThese associations between hypoxaemia and arterial hypotension and postanaesthesia care unit understaffing indicate that care quality and patient safety can be compromised in case patient acuity is not matched with sufficient nursing resources.Relevance to clinical practiceHigher incidence of hypoxaemia and arterial hypotension advocates for the prevention of imbalances between patient number and care demands and the number of available nurses.
Negotiated mobilisation: An ethnographic exploration of nurse–patient interactions in an intensive care unit
Authors: Laerkner Eva , Egerod Ingrid , Olesen Finn , Toft Palle , Hansen Helle Ploug 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore nurse–patient interactions in relation to the mobilisation of nonsedated and awake, mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit.BackgroundLighter sedation has enabled the early mobilisation of mechanically ventilated patients, but little is known about the nurses' role and interaction with critically ill patients in relation to mobilisation.Design and methodsThe study had a qualitative design using an ethnographic approach within the methodology of interpretive description. Data were generated in two intensive care units in Denmark, where a strategy of no sedation was applied. Participant observation was conducted during 58 nurse–patient interactions in relation to mobilisation between nurses (n = 44) and mechanically ventilated patients (n = 25). We conducted interviews with nurses (n = 16) and patients (n = 13) who had been mechanically ventilated for at least 3 days. The data were analysed using inductive, thematic analysis. The report of the study adhered to the COREQ checklist.FindingWe identified three themes: “Diverging perspectives on mobilisation” showed that nurses had a long‐term and treatment‐oriented perspective on mobilisation, while patients had a short‐term perspective and regarded mobilisation as overwhelming in their present situation. “Negotiation about mobilisation” demonstrated how patients actively negotiated the terms of mobilisation with the nurse. “Inducing hope through mobilisation” captured how nurses encouraged mobilisation by integrating aspects of the patient's daily life as a way to instil hope for the future.ConclusionsExploring the nurse–patient interactions illustrated that mobilisation is more than physical activity. Mobilisation is accomplished through nurse–patient collaborations as a negotiated, complex and meaningful achievement, which is driven by the logic of care, leading to hope for the future.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study demonstrated the important role of nurses in achieving mobilisation in collaboration and through negotiation with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit.
The use of a screening scale improves the recognition of delirium in older patients after cardiac surgery—A retrospective observational study
Authors: Smulter Nina , Claesson Lingehall Helena , Gustafson Yngve , Olofsson Birgitta , Engström Karl Gunnar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo analyse postoperative delirium (POD) in clinical practice after cardiac surgery, how it is detected and documented and if the use of a screening scale improves the detection rate.BackgroundCardiac surgery is considered a routine procedure with few complications. However, POD remains a concern, although often being overlooked in clinical practice.DesignRetrospective observational analysis.MethodsPatients 70 years and older with POD (n = 78) undergoing cardiac surgery were included in the study. Discharge summaries of both nurses and physicians were reviewed together with the clinical database for information about POD, to be compared with symptom screening using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu‐DESC). A quantitative content analysis was used for the review of discharge summaries, with a coding scheme adopted from the Nu‐DESC method. The STROBE checklist was followed.ResultsIn discharge summaries, 41 of the 78 POD patients were correctly recognised, and 22 of these were identified in the clinical database. Screening by the Nu‐DESC identified delirium at a measurably higher rate, 56/78 patients. The review of discharge summaries showed that patients expressing "inappropriate behaviour" was the most easily identified sign for POD for both nurses and physicians.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals underdiagnose delirium after cardiac surgery, with a low detection rate described in both discharge summaries and in the clinical database. Recognition of delirium improved when Nu‐DESC was used for systematic screening.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study emphasises the need for better screening for the detection of delirium in daily clinical practice.
WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MONETARY AND MACROPRUDENTIAL POLICIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Lubis Alexander , Alexiou Constantinos , Nellis Joseph G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe emergence of macroprudential policies, implemented by central banks as a means of promoting financial stability, has raised many questions regarding the interaction between monetary and macroprudential policies. Given the limited number of studies available, this paper sheds light on this issue by providing a critical and systematic review of the literature. To this end, we divide the theoretical and empirical studies into two broad channels of borrowers – consisting of the cost of funds and the collateral constraint – and financial intermediaries – consisting of risk‐taking and payment systems. In spite of the existing ambiguity surrounding coordination issues between monetary and macroprudential policies, it is argued that monetary policy alone is not sufficient to maintain macroeconomic and financial stability. Hence, macroprudential policies are needed to supplement monetary. In addition, we find that the role of the exchange rate is critical in the implementation of monetary and macroprudential policies in emerging markets, while volatile capital flows pose another challenge. In so far as how the arrangement of monetary and macroprudential policies varies across countries, key theoretical and policy implications have been identified.
Clinical characteristics, treatment indications and treatment algorithm for post‐partum hematomas
Authors: Tsumagari Ayako , Ohara Rena , Mayumi Miyuki , Yagi Hiroya , Nagai Yuko , Obata‐Yasuoka Mana , Hamada Hiromi , Satoh Toyomi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimPost‐partum hematomas are a serious obstetrical complication. Choosing treatments for post‐partum hematomas is difficult, and the application of transcatheter arterial embolization remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics, identify the treatment indications and create a treatment algorithm for post‐partum hematomas.MethodsFifty‐four patients with post‐partum hematomas were enrolled. Hematomas were categorized according to location: upper vaginal, lower vaginal and vulvar. Blood loss, treatment methods and other clinical data were collected from the patients’ medical records and analyzed retrospectively.ResultsFive, 19 and 30 patients had upper vaginal wall, lower vaginal wall and vulvar hematomas, respectively. All upper vaginal wall hematomas required transcatheter arterial embolization to control bleeding, and the average blood loss was 2473 ± 1689 mL. Most lower vaginal wall hematomas were treated surgically; however, two patients required transcatheter arterial embolization, and the average blood loss in these patients was much higher (2010 ± 1145 mL) than that in patients with lower vaginal wall hematomas (395 ± 316 mL). No patient with vulvar hematomas was treated with transcatheter arterial embolization. Two and four patients with vulvar and lower vaginal wall hematomas, respectively, were managed with observation.ConclusionWe created an algorithm for post‐partum hematoma management. Post‐partum hematoma location should guide treatment selection. Transcatheter arterial embolization should be selected for upper vaginal wall hematomas. Most lower vaginal wall hematomas are treatable with surgery, but transcatheter arterial embolization should be considered for hemostasis in difficult cases. Management with observation may also be possible for lower vaginal wall and vulvar hematomas.