bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying NK cell growth and survival changes in response to cytokines and regulatory checkpoint blockade helps identify optimal culture and expansion conditions
Authors: Hennessy Robert J , Pham Kim , Delconte Rebecca , Rautela Jai , Hodgkin Philip D , Huntington Nicholas D 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes critical for immune surveillance, particularly in eradication of metastatic cancer cells and acute antiviral responses. In contrast to T cells, NK cell-mediated immunity is rapid, with spontaneous cytotoxicity and cytokine/chemokine production upon pathogen detection. The renaissance in cancer immunology has cast NK cell biology back into the spotlight with an urgent need for deeper understanding of the regulatory networks that govern NK cell antitumor activity. To this end, we have adapted and refined a series of quantitative cellular calculus methods, previously applied to T and B lymphocytes, to dissect the biologic outcomes of NK cells following stimulation with cytokines (IL-15, IL-12, IL-18) or deletion of genes that regulate NK cell proliferation (Cish), survival (Bcl2l11), and activation-induced-cell-death (AICD; Fas). Our methodology is well suited to delineate effects on division rate, intrinsic apoptosis, and AICD, permitting variables such as population half-life, rate of cell division, and their combined influence on population numbers in response to stimuli to be accurately measured and modelled. Changes in these variables that result from gene deletion, concentration of stimuli, time, and cell density give insight into the dynamics of NK cell responses and serve as a platform to dissect the mechanism of action of putative checkpoints in NK cell activation and novel NK cell immunotherapy agents.
Co‐occurrence of late potential and discrete prepotential on ablation site in a case of cardiac crux located premature ventricular complexes successfully ablated within the middle cardiac vein
Authors: Gulsen Kamil , Bayrak Fatih , Akdemir Baris , Polat Veli , Barman Hasan Ali , Ince Orhan , Okuyan Ertugrul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSome premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) originate from the coronary venous system. The great cardiac vein and the anterior cardiac vein are the most frequent localizations. The middle cardiac vein is an unusual anatomy for a point of origin for PVC. We present here a case of frequent PVCs with characteristic electrocardiographic features, which we successfully ablated inside the middle cardiac vein.
Argon matrix Raman spectroscopic and aggregation model density function theoretical study of methyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Liu Maozhu , Zhao Yanying , Wu Fengqi , Wang Huigang , Zheng Xuming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Raman spectra for methyl isothiocyanate (MTC) isolated in an argon matrix at different annealing temperatures and MTC in carbon tetrachloride at different concentrations were collected separately. Concentration‐dependent properties were characterized, and no noncoincidence effect (NCE) was observed. Argon matrix isolated Raman spectra shows that, the SCNC stretching at 6K presents as one distinct peak, it separates into two peaks at 25–35 K and merges as one peak again above 40 K, whereas its frequency shifted to a lower wavenumber. Concentration‐dependent experiments showed the peak frequency of SCNC stretching shifted to a higher wavenumber when the concentrations decreased. Aggregated dimer structures were proposed to explain the MTC SCNC and CS vibrational concentration effects with no NCE phenomenon. Density functional theories were performed to calculate the monomer and dimer of MTC; the dimer structure can explain the experimental data well. The strong antiparallel head‐to‐tail vibrational coupling of the SCNC oscillators in neighbouring molecules accounts for the frequency shifts of the SCNC stretching.
A review of Raman spectroscopy of vanadium oxides
Authors: Shvets Petr , Dikaya Olga , Maksimova Ksenia , Goikhman Alexander 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis review summarizes Raman scattering data for different stable and metastable phases of vanadium oxides. We analyze literature data on crystal structures existing in the binary vanadium‐oxygen system. If available, we combine these data with experimental Raman spectra and relations of vibrational modes with the atomic arrangements and motions in crystals. Further, we employ arc sputtering to produce vanadium oxide films, including α and β‐vanadium, V14O6, VO, V2O3, V3O5, several phases of VO2, V6O13, V3O7, and V2O5, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. All the films are studied using Raman spectroscopy: low‐ and high‐temperature V3O5 and VOx (1.67 < x < 2) are investigated for the first time. We demonstrate that a significant change in the V3O5 spectrum takes place along the phase transition occurring at approximately 140 °C. Moreover, we describe differences between the spectra of VO2 polymorphs produced without doping impurities, VO2 (M1), VO2 (M2), and VO2 (T). Finally, we analyze conflicting data on V7O16 and V3O7 and provide an explanation of the observed spectra. Overall, 21 spectra are identified for 53 known phases. Our work is aimed at laying the groundwork for easy identification of vanadium oxide phases in thin films, using Raman spectroscopy.
A compact, ultrawide band planar antenna with modified circular patch and a defective ground plane for multiple applications
Authors: Hota Satyabrat , Baudha Sudeep , Mangaraj B. B. , Yadav Manish V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA compact ultrawideband planar antenna with modified circular patch and a defective ground plane for multiple applications is presented. The proposed structure consists of a modified circular patch and rectangular parasitic elements with defective ground plane etched on flame retardant (FR‐4) substrate with 50 Ω feed line. Return loss (S11 < −10 dB) and the simulated bandwidth of the structure was 2.5 to 12.2 GHz with the fractional bandwidth of 131%. The overall volume of the structure had a compact size of 15 × 19 × 1.6 mm3. The gain of the structure is 3.5 dB, and the antenna efficiency is 73.5%. The structure radiated (stable radiations) omnidirectional and bidirectional patterns. Measured and simulated results of Co‐ and Cross‐polarizations. are in relatively good agreement. All these properties shows that the proposed structure is applicable in WiMAX‐band 3.5, 5.5 GHz, WLAN‐band 5.2, 5.8 GHz, X‐band8‐12 GHz, data links to satellites along with various applications in the wireless communication field.
Solubilization of organics I: 1H NMR chemical shift perturbations, diffusometry, and NOESY indicate biphenyls internalize in micelles formed by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Authors: Peroza Carlos A. , Chen Fu , Wurster Dale E. , Velupillai Santhana Mariappan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls are a class of persistent environmental contaminants, and micellar solubilization can be applied to remediate them. The intermolecular aggregates of biphenyl (BP) analogs and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were studied by chemical shift perturbation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusometry, quantitative proton NMR, and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy to understand the structural determinants of their solubilization.The micelles of CTAB solubilized BPs readily, but its capacity depended strongly on the nature of the functional group (BPCH2OH > > BPCHO > BPCOOH ≈ BPCl ≈ BP). Upon internalization, the BPs diffused much slower, introduced significant low‐frequency 1H chemical shift changes for CTAB, and displayed strong intermolecular NOEs. The semiquantitative analysis of NOEs revealed further that the BPs are located in the palisade layer closer to the N+(CH3)3 head group, away from the hydrophobic core.1H NMR offers a simple high‐throughput screening assay for evaluating and quantitating the solubilization of organics in micelles. The intermolecular NOEs and site‐specific perturbation of chemical shifts add further insights on the location of solubilizates in micelles, which may be important for designing surfactants specific for environmental pollutants.
Patient Characteristics Associated with Receipt of Prescription Weight‐Management Medications Among Veterans Participating in MOVE!
Authors: Thomas Dylan D. , Waring Molly E. , Ameli Omid , Reisman Joel I. , Vimalananda Varsha G. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveWeight‐management medications (WMM) are recommended for the treatment of obesity. This study examined characteristics associated with initial receipt of WMM among eligible veterans in the first year following enrollment in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) MOVE! behavioral weight‐management program.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of VHA patients with obesity or overweight and obesity‐related comorbidities who enrolled in MOVE! from October 2013 to September 2016 (N = 153,939). Multivariable logistic regression models estimated predictors of having a filled prescription for WMM and for orlistat.ResultsA total of 1.1% of these veterans received WMM. The most common WMM included orlistat (70.4%), phentermine/topiramate (11.2%), and bupropion/naltrexone (9.7%). Female sex, higher BMI, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, depression, lower back pain, and alcohol abuse were associated with greater odds of use of WMM, whereas age over 65 years, Hispanic ethnicity, and required co‐payments were associated with lower odds. Among patients receiving WMM, older age, black race, female sex, higher BMI, cardiovascular disease, lower back pain, and congestive heart failure were associated with use of orlistat versus any other WMM.ConclusionsOf patients engaged in MOVE! in the VHA, 1.1% received WMM. WMM are underutilized among veterans. Additional research is needed to understand barriers to incorporating WMM into comprehensive obesity treatment plans.
An overview of fruit and vegetable edible packaging materials
Authors: Kadzińska Justyna , Janowicz Monika , Kalisz Stanisław , Bryś Joanna , Lenart Andzej 
Published: May 2019

Various edible fruit and vegetable materials, including purees, residues, extracts, and juices, have been investigated in terms of their matrix‐forming properties to produce edible packaging materials to be applied to food products influencing their overall quality and improving the efficiency of synthetic packaging, thus leading to the reduction in amount of synthetic polymers used for each application.The potential of fruit and vegetables to be used as components of edible packaging materials is discussed. Such application of fruits and vegetables is possible thanks to the presence of matrix‐forming polysaccharides and proteins in their composition while the presence of bioactive compounds such as vitamins and polyphenols may confer, eg, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of active packaging materials.The development of edible fruit and vegetable packaging materials is a promising way of combining the barrier and mechanical properties of biopolymers with the nutritional and sensory properties. The application of fruit and vegetables as a component of edible packaging materials enables the utilization of raw materials with low commercial value. Edible packaging materials are a new method of their utilizing. There is also the possibility of just decreasing the amount of synthetic packaging waste by application of fruit and vegetable packaging materials simply as a passive or active layer partially replacing the non‐renewable materials.
Implementation Security Certification of Decoy‐BB84 Quantum Key Distribution Systems
Authors: Tomita Akihisa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the most important obstacles for the social deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems is the lack of standards for security certification. Proper selection of application will circumvent other obstacles, such as cost, key generation distance, and rate. Nevertheless, security certification of real systems, or “implementation security certification” is indispensable. Such certification should be clear and tractable for non‐experts and should be performed with standardized characterization methods. Otherwise, the potential users cannot adopt the QKD system with confidence, because the highest level of security is what QKD appeals. This report discusses the process of the implementation security certification and the requirements for device characterization. It also presents several case studies on the requirements and experimental characterization of QKD devices for the security certification.
Local radial basis function scheme for solving a class of fractional integro‐differential equations based on the use of mixed integral equations
Authors: Assari Pouria , Asadi‐Mehregan Fatemeh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntegro‐differential equations with non‐integer order derivatives are an all‐purpose subdivision of fractional calculus. In the current paper, we present a numerical method for solving fractional Volterra‐Fredholm integro‐differential equations of the second kind. To establish the scheme, we first convert these types of integro‐differential equations to mixed integral equations by fractional integrating from both sides of them. Then, the discrete collocation method by combining the locally supported radial basis functions are used to approximate the mentioned integral equations. Since the local method proposed in this paper estimates an unknown function via a small set of data instead of all points in the solution domain, it uses much less computer memory in comparison with the global cases. We apply the nonuniform Gauss‐Legendre integration rule to compute the singular‐fractional integrals appearing in the scheme. As the scheme does not need any background meshes, it can be recognized as a meshless method. Numerical results are included to show the validity and efficiency of the new technique and confirm that the algorithm of the presented approach is attractive and easy to implement on computers.
Streamwise and spanwise slip over a superhydrophobic surface
Authors: Abu Rowin Wagih , Ghaemi Sina 
Published: May 2019

The near-wall turbulent flow over a superhydrophobic surface (SHS) with random texture was studied using three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking velocimetry (3D-PTV). The channel was operated at a constant mass flow rate over the SHS and a smooth surface at a Reynolds number of 7000 based on the bulk velocity of $0.93~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$ and the full channel height. The friction Reynolds number was 217, based on the friction velocity and half channel height. The 3D-PTV processing was based on the shake-the-box algorithm applied to images of fluorescent tracers recorded using four high-speed cameras. The SHS was obtained by spray coating, resulting in a root-mean-square roughness of $0.29\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ and an average texture width of $5.0\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=17~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ is the inner flow scale over the SHS. The 3D-PTV measurements confirmed an isotropic slip with a streamwise slip length of $5.9\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ and a spanwise slip length of $5.9\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$. As a result, both the near-wall mean streamwise and spanwise velocity profiles over the SHS were higher than the smooth surface. The streamwise and spanwise slip velocities over the SHS were $0.27~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$ and $0.018~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$, respectively. The near-wall Reynolds stresses over the SHS were larger and shifted towards the wall when normalized by the corresponding inner scaling, despite the smaller friction Reynolds number of 180 over the SHS. The near-wall measurement of streamwise velocity showed that the shear-free pattern consists of streamwise-elongated regions with a length of $800\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ and a spanwise width of $300\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$. The plastron dimensions correspond to the mean distance of the largest roughness peaks $(20~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m})$ obtained from profilometry of the SHS. The drag reduction over the SHS was 30 %–38 % as estimated from pressure measurement and the flow field using the 3D-PTV.
Numerical investigation of the effect of airfoil thickness on onset of dynamic stall
Authors: Sharma Anupam , Visbal Miguel 
Published: May 2019

Effect of airfoil thickness on onset of dynamic stall is investigated using large eddy simulations at chord-based Reynolds number of 200 000. Four symmetric NACA airfoils of thickness-to-chord ratios of 9 %, 12 %, 15 % and 18 % are studied. The three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver, FDL3DI is used with a sixth-order compact finite difference scheme for spatial discretization, second-order implicit time integration and discriminating filters to remove unresolved wavenumbers. A constant-rate pitch-up manoeuver is studied with the pitching axis located at the airfoil quarter chord. Simulations are performed in two steps. In the first step, the airfoil is kept static at a prescribed angle of attack ($=4^{\circ }$). In the second step, a ramp function is used to smoothly increase the pitch rate from zero to the selected value and then the pitch rate is held constant until the angle of attack goes past the lift-stall point. The solver is verified against experiments for flow over a static NACA 0012 airfoil. Static simulation results of all airfoil geometries are also compared against XFOIL predictions with a generally favourable agreement. FDL3DI predicts two-stage transition for thin airfoils (9 % and 12 %), which is not observed in the XFOIL results. The dynamic simulations show that the onset of dynamic stall is marked by the bursting of the laminar separation bubble (LSB) in all the cases. However, for the thickest airfoil tested, the reverse flow region spreads over most of the airfoil and reaches the LSB location immediately before the LSB bursts and dynamic stall begins, suggesting that the stall could be triggered by the separated turbulent boundary layer. The results suggest that the boundary between different classifications of dynamic stall, particularly leading edge stall versus trailing edge stall, is blurred. The dynamic-stall onset mechanism changes gradually from one to the other with a gradual change in some parameters, in this case, airfoil thickness.
Sources of Reform in the Episcopate of Airard of Nantes, 1050–1054
Authors: Ziezulewicz William 
Published: May 2019

There is an element of drama in Anselm's description of the Synod of Reims in 1049 as the assembled bishops are asked to swear before the relics of St Remi that they had not achieved their positions in the Church through simony. The tension mounts as the archbishop of Reims excuses himself from the oath and asks for a private audience with the pope. Of the twenty bishops present, four confessed involvement with simony. One bishop, Hugh of Langres, accused of a long list of crimes in addition, fled the scene rather than submit to Leo IX's justice. However, of all the bishops implicated in the crime of simony, only one was deposed outright: Budic of Nantes, as the narrator of the acts of the synod tersely states:Finally, the bishop of Nantes came and confessed that his father was the bishop of hiscivitasand during his life he had received the gift of the episcopate and when he died he took his place for a payment of money. Because of this, by the judgement of the synod, he was deprived of his episcopal ministry. His pastoral staff and ring having been taken away, the office of priest alone was given to him through the intervention of the bishops.
Manubrio-incudo-stapedioplasty for reconstruction of Austin–Kartush type B ossicular defects
Authors: Düzenli U , Kıroğlu A F 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveManubrio-incudo-stapedioplasty functional outcomes were compared to those of other methods for reconstructing Austin–Kartush type B ossicular defects.MethodsForty-two patients underwent Austin–Kartush type B ossicular defect reconstruction using: manubrio-incudo-stapedioplasty (13 patients), an autologous incus (19 patients) or a titanium ossicular replacement prosthesis (10 patients). For manubrio-incudo-stapedioplasty reconstruction, the malleus head was removed, the manubrium was relocated posteriorly and the incus short process was placed on the mobile footplate. The manubrium was placed on the incus body groove and bone cement was applied to stabilise the manubrium–incus junction. Pre- and post-operative hearing thresholds were assessed.ResultsThe air–bone gap decreased from 25.9 ± 6.0 dB to 12.3 ± 5.0 dB (p&lt; 0.05) in the manubrio-incudo-stapedioplasty group. The hearing gain was 13.6 ± 5.2 dB for manubrio-incudo-stapedioplasty, 3.4 ± 14.2 dB with the autologous incus, and 3.3 ± 11.07 dB with the titanium ossicular replacement prosthesis. Hearing improvement was greater for manubrio-incudo-stapedioplasty compared to the other reconstruction methods (p&lt; 0.05).ConclusionManubrio-incudo-stapedioplasty resulted in satisfactory hearing outcomes in patients with Austin–Kartush type B ossicular defects. This technique can be considered a stable, inexpensive and effective method to reconstruct Austin–Kartush type B ossicular defects.
Small Fusulinids from the Pennsylvanian of Ohio
Authors: Hoare Richard D. , Sturgeon Myron T. 
Published: May 2019

Small fusulinids are common in the Atokan and most Desmoinesian marine units in Ohio but less common in Missourian and Virgilian units. Twenty-one taxa are recognized. Five new species are proposed, includingMillerella?elegantula, Eostaffella?recondita, Eostaffella inusitata, Pseudostaffella douglassi, andPseudoendothyra ohioensis.Several specimens of uncertain taxonomic assignment are also included.Approximately one-third of the previously recognized taxa were originally described from Europe and about one-half from western North America.Millerella?carbonicaGrozdilova and Lebedeva,Eostaffella rjasanensisRauzer-Chernousova,E. mutabilisRauzer-Chernousova, andE. acutaGrozdilova and Lebedeva are reported from North America for the first time. The known ranges of several species have been extended significantly. These conclusions support the concept of a greater cosmopolitanism of Pennsylvanian foraminifers than has been generally recognized.
T Cell and cytokine basis of host variability in response to intestinal nematode infections
Authors: Grencis R. K. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYInfection by a variety of species of intestinal nematode infection gives rise to a wide variation in parasite load within a host population. There has been much investigation into the basis of this variation and is thought to involve several factors. Studies of infections of gut dwelling nematodes in laboratory rodents has clearly demonstrated that this variation may be due to the production of cytokines produced as part of the host immune response to infection. More specifically, activation of distinct T helper cell subsets leads to the generation of effective or ineffective responses resulting in clearance of the parasite load or maintenance of chronic infection. The induction of differential responses remains to be determined but is likely to be influenced at a number of levels including involvement of accessory cells and activation of co-stimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells. Moreover, it appears that these parasites may actively interfere with the host cytokine response to promote their own survival. This review concentrates on recent findings of cytokine mediated control of intestinal nematodes highlighting a central role for the immune system in regulating both acute and chronic infection by these parasites.