bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Recycling of Aged LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials used in Aqueous Lithium‐ion Batteries: Processes and Sensitivities
Authors: Wang Han , Whitacre Jay F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAged LiMn2O4 cathode materials were collected from aqueous electrolyte lithium‐ion batteries after long‐term cycling. The aged LiMn2O4 cathode materials, which had variable states of charge, were recycled using two different “direct“ methods: solid‐state, and hydrothermal. X‐ray diffraction and electrochemical analysis revealed that the hydrothermal method yielded a recycled product with higher phase purity, electrochemical energy storage capacity. Additionally, the importance of the state of charge of the aged LiMn2O4 on the recycled product varied depending on the methodology used. While the recycled products from the solid‐state method were sensitive to the state of charge of the aged LiMn2O4, the state of charge of the aged LiMn2O4 doesn't have an obvious effect on the hydrothermally recycled product.
Impacts of temperature, morpholine, and chronic radiation on the embryonic development of round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum)
Authors: Lim Michael Y.-T. , Manzon Richard G. , Somers Christopher M. , Boreham Douglas R. , Wilson Joanna Y. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

During incubation, round whitefish embryos may experience fluctuating or elevated temperatures from natural (e.g., seasonal temperature changes) and/or anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic sources like once-through cooling discharges from nuclear power plants can also expose embryos to chemicals (e.g., morpholine) and/or radiation. To examine the effects of these potential stressors on embryogenesis, round whitefish were incubated under fluctuating or constant temperatures, with morpholine or 137Cs gamma rays. We report the percentage of prehatch and posthatch mortality, developmental rate, hatch dynamics, and morphometrics at 4 development stages. Embryos reared at constant temperatures had delayed developmental stage onset and median hatch, higher mortality at constant 8 °C, and lower mortality at ≤5 °C, compared with embryos reared under seasonal temperature regimes. Embryos incubated with ≥500 mg L−1 morpholine (&gt;200× regulatory limits) had advanced hatch, reduced body size, and increased prehatch (100% at 1000 mg L−1) and posthatch (≈95% at 500 mg L−1) mortality compared with controls. Relative to controls, embryos irradiated with ≥0.16 mGy/d had larger body mass early in development, and all irradiated embryos had decreased posthatch mortality; the lowest dose was &gt;300× discharge limits. Our study suggests that fluctuating or elevated temperatures and high-dose morpholine can alter development rate, hatch dynamics, and growth, and/or increase mortality compared with embryos reared at constant temperatures of ≤5 °C; conversely, low-dose irradiation had transient developmental effects but may benefit early posthatch survival. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2593–2608. © 2018 SETAC.
Influence of tooth location on coronally advanced flap procedures for root coverage
Authors: Zucchelli Giovanni , Tavelli Lorenzo , Ravidà Andrea , Stefanini Martina , Suárez‐López del Amo Fernando , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of Coronally Advance Flap (CAF) has been extensively evaluated and several parameters influencing the results, such as interproximal attachment loss, recession defect size, papilla dimension, flap thickness, have also been identified. However, the influence of tooth location has not been systematically investigated yet. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of tooth location on the outcomes of CAF.MethodsA literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane libraries and hand‐searched journal until September 2017 was performed to identify clinical studies reporting the outcome of CAF for localized gingival recessions (GRs) for each single tooth.ResultsEighteen articles reporting 399 localized GRs treated with CAF were included in the present systematic review. Canines and incisors were related to a higher mRC and CRC than premolars and molars (odds ratio 1.63) (p < 0.05), while the right side showed a higher CRC than the left side (odds ratio 1.60) (p < 0.05). No differences were found between maxillary and mandibular dentition (p > 0.05). The addition of a graft such as Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) with or without Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) was shown to enhance the outcomes compared to CAF alone (p < 0.05). CRC was negatively affected by initial clinical attachment level (p < 0.05), but not from the initial recession depth (p > 0.05).ConclusionsTooth location plays an important role on mRC and CRC following CAF. The addition of CTG or substitutes, especially with biological agents (EMD), enhance the clinical outcomes compared to CAF alone.
Contribution of organic amendments to soil organic matter detected by thermogravimetry
Authors: Tokarski David , Kučerík Jiří , Kalbitz Karsten , Demyan Michael Scott , Merbach Ines , Barkusky Dietmar , Ruehlmann Joerg , Siewert Christian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSustainable soil management requires reliable and accurate monitoring of changes in soil organic matter (SOM). However, despite the development of improved analytical techniques during the last decades, there are still limits in the detection of small changes in soil organic carbon content and SOM composition. This study focused on the detection of such changes under laboratory conditions by adding different organic amendments to soils. The model experiments consisted of artificially mixing soil samples from non‐fertilized plots of three German long‐term agricultural experiments in Bad Lauchstädt (silty loam), Grossbeeren (silty sand), and Müncheberg (loamy sand) with straw, farmyard manure, sheep faeces, and charcoal in quantities from 3 to 180 t ha−1each. In these mixtures we determined the organic carbon contents by elemental analysis and by thermal mass losses (TML) determined by thermogravimetry. The results confirmed the higher reliability of elemental analysis compared to TML for organic carbon content determination. The sensitivity of both methods was not sufficient to detect the changes in organic carbon content caused by small quantities of organic amendments (3 t ha−1or 0.1–0.4 g C kg−1soil). In the case of elemental analysis, the detectability of changes in carbon content increased with quantities of added amendments, but the method could not distinguish different types of organic amendments. On the contrary, the based on analysis of degradation temperatures, the TML allowed this discrimination together with their quantitative analysis. For example, added charcoal was not visible in TML from 320 to 330°C, which is used for carbon content determination. However, increasing quantities of charcoal were reflected in a higher TML around 520°C. Furthermore, differences between measured (with TML110–550) and predicted mass loss on ignition using both organic carbon (with TML330) and clay contents (with TML140) were confirmed as a suitable indicator for detection of organic amendments in different types of soils. We conclude that thermogravimetry enables the sensitive detection of organic fertilizers and organic amendments in soils under arable land use.
Extraction and determination of heavy metals in soil and vegetables irrigated with treated municipal wastewater using new mode of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidified deep eutectic solvent followed by GFAAS
Authors: Habibollahi Mohammad Hossein , Karimyan Kamaleddin , Arfaeinia Hossein , Mirzaei Nezam , Safari Yahya , Akramipour Reza , Sharafi Hooshmand , Fattahi Nazir 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this research, a new extraction method based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and the solidification of deep eutectic solvent has been developed for the determination of heavy metals in soil and vegetables prior to their analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). In this method, a green solvent consisting of 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and 1‐undecanol was used as an extraction solvent, yielding the advantages of material stability, low density and a suitable freezing point near room temperature.RESULTSUnder optimal conditions, enrichment factors are in the range of 114–172. The calibration graphs are linear in the range of 0.02–200 µg kg−1 and limits of detection are in the range of 0.01–0.03 µg kg−1. Repeatability and reproducibility of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 0.80 µg kg−1 of Hg and 0.20 µg kg−1 of Pb and Cd in analyzed samples were in the range of 2.3–4.1% and 3.7–6.6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONA new deep eutectic solvent consists of two parts: 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and 1‐undecanol in a molar ratio of 1:2. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was also assessed by determining the concentration of the studied metal ions in a polluted farmland soil standard reference material. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Technical Note: Emission expectation maximization look‐alike algorithms for x‐rayCTand other applications
Authors: Zeng Gengsheng L. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeIn emission tomography, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is easy to use with only one parameter to adjust ― the number of iterations. On the other hand, theEMalgorithms for transmission tomography are not so user‐friendly and have many problems. This paper develops a new transmission algorithm similar to the emissionEMalgorithm.MethodsThis paper develops a family of emission‐EM‐look‐alike algorithms by expressing the emissionEMalgorithm in the additive form and changing the weighting factor. One of the family members can be applied to transmission tomography such as the x‐ray computed tomography (CT).ResultsComputer simulations are performed and compared with a similar algorithm by a different group using the transmissionCTnoise model. Our algorithm has the same convergence rate as theirs, and our algorithm provides better contrast‐to‐noise ratio for lesion detection.ConclusionsFor any noise variance function, an emission‐EM‐look‐alike algorithm can be derived. This algorithm preserves many properties of the emissionEMalgorithm such as multiplicative update, non‐negativity, faster convergence rate for the bright objects, and ease of implementation.
Anders als die anderen: mesoionische Carbene
Authors: Klenk Sinja , Suntrup Lisa , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: July 2018

Abstract1,2,3‐Triazol‐5‐ylidene sind eine Klasse von mesoionischen Carbenen, die derzeit oft als Liganden rwendet werden. Sie zeigen ungewöhnliche Bindungssituationen und Donoreigenschaften. Metallkomplexe solcher Liganden eignen sich für die homogene Katalyse, ahmen Enzymfunktionen nach und finden Anwendung in Photochemie und medizinischer Forschung.
Regionales Fonds‐Stipendiatentreffen in München
Authors: Frischhut Sabine , Kunkel Nathalie , Wylezich Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnfang April trafen sich in München Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie an der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU) München zu einem regionalen Stipendiatentreffen. Die Veranstaltung hatten Rasmus Linser, Professor für NMR‐Spektroskopie, und sein Arbeitskreis organisiert. 23 Nachwuchswissenschaftler, die der FCI mit Liebig‐, Doktoranden‐ oder Kekulé‐Stipendium fördert, nutzten die Gelegenheit, sich auszutauschen und ihre Arbeitsgebiete vorzustellen.
Fakten und Trends: Chemiestudiengänge in Deutschland
Authors: Prereira Jaé Angela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker erhebt jährlich umfangreiche statistische Daten zu den Chemiestudiengängen. Im Vergleich zu 2017 ist die Anzahl der Studienanfänger leicht gestiegen. Es gab mehr Bachelor‐ sowie Masterabschlüsse. Die Zahl der Doktoranden erreichte ihren Höchststand seit Beginn der Statistik. Auf hohem Niveau blieb die Zahl der Promotionen. Nahezu alle Bachelorabsolventen an Universitäten und 70 % an Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) schlossen ein Masterstudium an. 86 % der Masterabsolventen von Universitäten und 12 % von HAW begannen eine Doktorarbeit. Der Berufseinstieg blieb schwierig.
Appreciative management assessed by physiotherapists working in public or private sector: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Niemi Riitta , Roos Mervi , Harmoinen Merja , Partanen Katri , Suominen Tarja 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo describe how appreciative management occurs in the working environment of physiotherapists.MethodsCross‐sectional survey. The data was collected with an electronic questionnaire. The survey instrument was Appreciative Management Scale. The participants were 474 physiotherapists working in clinical or managerial positions from public or private sector.ResultsAppreciative management was realized on an average level within physiotherapy. The highest scoring dimension was Equality and the weakest was Systematic Management. Appreciative management and all of its four categories were associated with the management education received by the manager, the respondent's position, and his or her current duties. The dimension of Appreciation of Know‐how and its subdimensions of Guidance and Autonomy were recognized more often when the manager's basic training was in physiotherapy rather than another field.ConclusionsIt is important that managers in physiotherapy recognize the characteristics of appreciative management, so they can include them as part of their good practice and as part of their own leadership style. Managers in physiotherapy need to be encouraged to participate in management education and also enable the participation of others. A background in physiotherapy can be seen to further the practice and development of physiotherapy. Offering physiotherapists challenging assignments and enabling their career development in physical therapy units is therefore of great importance.
Development and characterization of an inducible mouse model for glycogen storage disease type Ib
Authors: Raggi Federica , Pissavino Anna Livia , Resaz Roberta , Segalerba Daniela , Puglisi Andrea , Vanni Cristina , Antonini Francesca , Del Zotto Genny , Gamberucci Alessandra , Marcolongo Paola , Bosco Maria Carla , Grillo Federica , Mastracci Luca , Eva Alessandra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsGlycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD1b) is a rare metabolic and immune disorder caused by a deficiency in the glucose‐6‐phosphate transporter (G6PT) and characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis, myeloid dysfunction, and long‐term risk of hepatocellular adenomas. Despite maximal therapy, based on a strict diet and on granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor treatment, long‐term severe complications still develop. Understanding the pathophysiology of GSD1b is a prerequisite to develop new therapeutic strategies and depends on the availability of animal models. The G6PT‐KO mouse mimics the human disease but is very fragile and rarely survives weaning. We generated a conditional G6PT‐deficient mouse as an alternative model for studying the long‐term pathophysiology of the disease. We utilized this conditional mouse to develop an inducible G6PT‐KO model to allow temporally regulated G6PT deletion by the administration of tamoxifen (TM).MethodsWe generated a conditional G6PT‐deficient mouse utilizing the CRElox strategy. Histology, histochemistry, and phenotype analyses were performed at different times after TM‐induced G6PT inactivation. Neutrophils and monocytes were isolated and analyzed for functional activity with standard techniques.ResultsThe G6PT‐inducible KO mice display the expected disturbances of G6P metabolism and myeloid dysfunctions of the human disorder, even though with a milder intensity.ConclusionsTM‐induced inactivation of G6PT in these mice leads to a phenotype which mimics that of human GSD1b patients. The conditional mice we have generated represent an excellent tool to study the tissue‐specific role of the G6PT gene and the mechanism of long‐term complications in GSD1b.
Kinship in Action, Kinship in Flux: Uncertainties and Transformations in Okiek Marriage Arrangement
Authors: Kratz Corinne A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:For Okiek in Kenya, marriage arrangement is a nexus where transformations of personhood and social relations, changes in land tenure, and shifting state engagements come together in ways that shape individual and family lives as well as communities. This article sketches transformations in Okiek life and marriage arrangement and considers how Okiek have managed interlineage discussions central to marriage arrangement. It explores the social dynamics, evocative rhetorics, uncertainties, and moral imaginations through which people constitute lineages and affinal relations in changing circumstances, and situates these processes within a longer historical trajectory of socioeconomic and demographic change.
The crackling sound of Leidenfrost stars
Authors: Brunet P. 
Published: July 2018

Liquid drops deposited on a hot plate can experience a boiling crisis, when the vapour flux is strong enough to ensure the levitation of the drop and the relative insulation of the liquid from the solid. It is often denoted Leidenfrost effect, after the German Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, who first reported it in 1756. While many studies have encompassed various applied issues associated with this phenomenon, aiming to control and prevent its appearance, Ma & Burton (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 846, 2018, pp. 263–291) focused on the spontaneous appearance of a standing wave at the free surface, together with temporal oscillations, making the drop adopt the shape of a star. Their far-reaching study presents exhaustive results using six different liquids with a range of different volumes and temperatures, in which they systematically extracted the drop dynamics together with the pressure fluctuations in the vapour cushion below.
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Discontinued Use of the E-Cigarette
Authors: Alexis-Garsee Camille , Meehan Stephanie , van den Akker Olga 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Many UK smokers use e-cigarettes as a quitting aid; however, a substantial number discontinue use of the e-cigarette and revert to smoking. Understanding why this may happen is important both for individuals and for stop smoking services.Aims: To explore young adult smokers’ experiences of use and discontinued use of the e-cigarette.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants who tried e-cigarettes for at least seven days and returned to smoking. Data was transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: Findings suggested participants held conflicting attitudes about using e-cigarettes, which undermined attempts to quit smoking, and led to the discontinuation of the e-cigarette. These conflicts centred on participants’ discomfort with the e-cigarette or vaping identity, lack of abstinence self-efficacy and navigation of barriers to e-cigarette use. The complex interplay of these factors may have led to an underestimation of the individual effort required to continue vaping and reinforced participants’ perception of the e-cigarette as an inferior product to the cigarette.Conclusions: Future research should focus on the role of identity, self-efficacy, control and smokers’ expectations of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation as these may be important factors to consider for a more tailored service for e-cigarette users.
Too attentive to our duty: the fundamental conflict underlying human rights protection in the UK
Authors: Douglas Benedict 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAre we defined by the choices we make or the duties we owe? This paper argues that there is a conflict between the fundamental conception of the individual as possessing the capacity to choose how to live, which has been held to be the foundation of the European Convention on Human Rights, and the understanding of the individual as a bearer of duties which has long underpinned the UK Constitution. Through case law analysis, it is shown that the tension between these two understandings of the individual underlies the troubled acceptance of the Human Rights Act 1998, and influences the UK judiciary's substantive interpretations of the Convention rights. It is ultimately argued that for the Convention rights to be fully accepted in the UK, the evolution from a duty to a choice-based understanding of the individual, which was artificially accelerated by the Human Rights Act, must be more widely accepted by society and the courts.
Effectiveness of an Assertive Community Treatment program for people with severe schizophrenia in mainland China – a 12-month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luo Xingwei , Law Samuel F. , Wang Xiang , Shi Jingzheng , Zeng Wu , Ma Xiaoqian , Chow Wendy , Liu Shiyan , Zhao Wei , Liu Xiaoli , Yao Shuqiao , Phillips Michael R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAssertive Community Treatment (ACT) is an evidence-based treatment program for people with severe mental illness developed in high-income countries. We report the first randomized controlled trial of ACT in mainland China.MethodsSixty outpatients with schizophrenia with severe functional impairments or frequent hospitalizations were randomly assigned to ACT (n= 30) or standard community treatment (n= 30). The severity of symptoms and level of social functioning were assessed at baseline and every 3 months during the 1-year study. The primary outcome was the duration of hospital readmission. Secondary outcomes included a pre-post change in symptom severity, the rates of symptom relapse and gainful employment, social and occupational functioning, and quality of life of family caregivers.ResultsBased on a modified intention-to-treat analysis, the outcomes for ACT were significantly better than those of standard community treatment. ACT patients were less likely to be readmitted [3.3% (1/30)v. 25.0% (7/28), Fisher's exact testp= 0.023], had a shorter mean readmission time [2.4 (13.3)v. 30.7 (66.9) days], were less likely to relapse [6.7% (2/30)v. 28.6% (8/28), Fisher's exact testp= 0.038], and had shorter mean time in relapse [3.5 (14.6)v. 34.4 (70.6) days]. The ACT group also had significantly longer times re-employed and greater symptomatic improvement and their caregivers experienced a greater improvement in their quality of life.ConclusionOur results show that culturally adapted ACT is both feasible and effective for individuals with severe schizophrenia in urban China. Replication studies with larger samples and longer duration of follow up are warranted.
Belief, credence, and faith
Authors: JACKSON ELIZABETH 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, I argue that faith's going beyond the evidence need not compromise faith's epistemic rationality. First, I explain how some of the recent literature on belief and credence points to a distinction between what I call B-evidence and C-evidence. Then, I apply this distinction to rational faith. I argue that if faith is more sensitive to B-evidence than to C-evidence, faith can go beyond the evidence and still be epistemically rational.