bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoblast differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Baird Arabella , Lindsay Timothy , Everett Alice , Iyemere Valentine , Paterson Yasmin Z. , McClellan Alyce , Henson Frances M. D. , Guest Deborah J. 
Published: April 2018

Bone fractures occur in horses following traumatic and non-traumatic (bone overloading) events. They can be difficult to treat due to the need for the horse to bear weight on all legs during the healing period. Regenerative medicine to improve fracture union and recovery could significantly improve horse welfare.
Equine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have previously been derived. Here we show that equine iPSCs cultured for 21 days in osteogenic induction media on an OsteoAssay surface upregulate the expression of osteoblast associated genes and proteins, including COL1A1, SPARC, SPP1, IBSP, RUNX2 and BGALP.
We also demonstrate that iPSC-osteoblasts are able to produce a mineralised matrix with both calcium and hydroxyapatite deposition. Alkaline phosphatase activity is also significantly increased during osteoblast differentiation.
Although the genetic background of the iPSC donor animal affects the level of differentiation observed after 21 days of differentiation, less variation between lines of iPSCs derived from the same horse was observed.
The successful, direct, differentiation of equine iPSCs into osteoblasts may provide a source of cells for future regenerative medicine strategies to improve fracture repair in horses undergoing surgery. iPSC-derived osteoblasts will also provide a potential tool to study equine bone development and disease.
High-Intensity Interval Training in the Real World: Outcomes from a 12-Month Intervention in Overweight Adults
Authors: ROY MELYSSA , WILLIAMS SHEILA M. , BROWN RACHEL C. , MEREDITH-JONES KIM A. , OSBORNE HAMISH , JOSPE MICHELLE , TAYLOR RACHAEL W. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise have comparable health outcomes in the laboratory setting, effectiveness studies in real-world environments are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an unsupervised HIIT program in overweight/obese adults over 12 months.

Methods
Two hundred and fifty overweight/obese adults could choose HIIT or current exercise guidelines of 30 min·d−1 moderate-intensity exercise. HIIT participants received a single training session and were advised to independently perform HIIT three times per week using a variety of protocols. Mixed models, with a random effect for participant, compared differences in weight, body composition, blood pressure, aerobic fitness, physical activity, and blood indices at 12 months, adjusting for relevant baseline variables.

Results
Forty-two percent (n = 104) of eligible participants chose HIIT in preference to current guidelines. At 12 months, there were no differences between exercise groups in weight (adjusted difference HIIT vs conventional = −0.44 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.5 to 1.6) or visceral fat (−103 cm3; −256 to 49), although HIIT participants reported greater enjoyment of physical activity (P = 0.01). Evidence of adherence to ≥2 sessions per week of unsupervised HIIT (from HR monitoring) declined from 60.8% at baseline to 19.6% by 12 months. Participants remaining adherent to HIIT over 12 months (23%) were more likely to be male (67% vs 36%, P = 0.03), with greater reductions in weight (−2.7 kg; −5.2 to 0.2) and visceral fat (−292 cm3; −483 to −101) than nonadherent participants.

Conclusions
HIIT was well accepted by overweight adults, and opting for HIIT as an alternative to standard exercise recommendations led to no difference in health outcomes after 12 months. Although regular participation in unsupervised HIIT declined rapidly, those apparently adherent to regular HIIT demonstrated beneficial weight loss and visceral fat reduction.

Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000010594), retrospectively registered.
Heat Loss Is Impaired in Older Men on the Day after Prolonged Work in the Heat
Authors: NOTLEY SEAN R. , MEADE ROBERT D. , D’SOUZA ANDREW W. , FRIESEN BRIAN J. , KENNY GLEN P. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Prolonged work in the heat may exacerbate the rise in core temperature on the next work day, especially in older workers who display impairments in whole-body heat loss that increase body heat storage and core temperature relative to young adults during heat stress. We therefore evaluated whether whole-body heat loss in older adults was impaired on the day after prolonged work in the heat.

Methods
Whole-body heat exchange and heat storage were assessed in nine older (53–64 yr) men during three 30-min bouts of semirecumbent cycling at fixed rates of metabolic heat production (150 [Ex1], 200 [Ex2], 250 W·m−2 [Ex3]), each separated by 15-min recovery, in hot-dry conditions (40°C, 20% relative humidity), immediately before (day 1), and on the day after (day 2) a prolonged, work simulation (~7.5 h) involving moderate-intensity intermittent exercise in hot-dry conditions (38°C, 34% relative humidity). Total heat loss (evaporative ± dry heat exchange) and metabolic heat production were measured using direct and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Body heat storage was quantified as the temporal summation of heat production and loss.

Results
Total heat loss (mean ± SD) during Ex1 did not differ between days 1 and 2 (151 ± 15 and 147 ± 14 W·m−2, respectively; P = 0.27), but was attenuated on day 2 during Ex2 (181 ± 15 W·m−2) and Ex3 (218 ± 16 W·m−2) relative to day 1 (192 ± 14 and 230 ± 19 W·m−2, respectively; both P < 0.01). Consequently, body heat storage throughout the protocol on day 2 (276 ± 114 kJ) was 31% greater than on day 1 (191 ± 87 kJ; P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Prolonged work in the heat causes next-day impairments in whole-body heat loss, which exacerbate heat storage and may elevate the risk of heat injury on the following day in older workers.
Community-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Rates and Management among Student-Athletes
Authors: BRAUN TIM , KAHANOV LEAMOR 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Although community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have reduced among inpatient populations, the incidence in athletics continues to range greatly dependent on the sport. Over the 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017 school years, we assessed the annual CA-MRSA incidence, sport risk, referral practices, and management protocols or interventions among high school and intercollegiate athletics.

Methods
This study targeted high school and intercollegiate athletic programs across the United States. For the 2015 to 2016 study, 269 athletic trainers completed a one-time questionnaire. In the 2016 to 2017 study, 217 athletic trainers reported data bimonthly during the academic year. Each questionnaire targeted demographic information, physician-confirmed CA-MRSA infection occurrence, and management of CA-MRSA infections and bacterial skin lesions.

Results
The CA-MRSA infection incidence was 26.8 per 10,000 athletes (95% confidence interval [CI], 24–30) in 2015–2016 and 20.3 per 10,000 athletes (95% CI, 18–23) in 2016–2017. The CA-MRSA infection incidence was high in wrestling and football compared to the general student-athlete population. During the 2015 to 2016 study, the wrestling incidence rate was 248.3 per 10,000 (95% CI, 204–302); the football incidence rate was 71.0 per 10,000 (95% CI, 60–85). In the 2016 to 2017 study, the wrestling incidence rate was 100.0 per 10,000 (95% CI, 66–151); the football incidence rate was 81.8 per 10,000 (95% CI, 68–99). At least 23% of respondents denoted at least one physician-confirmed CA-MRSA infection within their populations (2015–2016, 39%, n = 105; 2016–2017, 23.5%, n = 51). In the 2015 to 2016 survey, respondents indicated that athlete education and environmental decontamination were the most used management steps (51.8%, n = 582).

Conclusions
Despite increased awareness of CA-MRSA, more educational efforts focusing on best practices and education are needed, especially with athletes and the medical community involved in their care.
Fit for purpose? Evaluation of CPD courses for nurses in an Irish university teaching hospital
Authors: Ryder Mary , Browne Freda , Galvin Cáit , Leonard Orla , O'Reilly Jody 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: acute tertiary hospitals require knowledgeable, skilled registered nurses to care for patients in specialist areas. It is also a professional responsibility that nurses maintain skills and competence. This article reports on stage 1 of an action research study to evaluate the delivery of continuing professional development (CPD) courses for registered nurses in an acute hospital in Ireland. Methods: an audit and qualitative self-reporting questionnaire was used to obtain data. The questionnaire focused on the areas of teaching learning and outcomes. Overall, five CPD courses, each of 26 weeks' duration, were evaluated. Results: teaching delivery was all didactic and was delivered primarily by clinical staff with expert knowledge and skills, but the teaching approaches varied. The curriculum content was identified as excessive and at a high level for an introductory course, with a large volume of classroom-based theoretical delivery. Participant learning was reported as excellent in the clinical areas; however, this was counterbalanced by heavy workloads and staffing shortages. Participant motivation was also found to influence learning. From an outcome perspective the development of new knowledge and skills was reported in participants who had undertaken the courses, and participants reported that the CPD courses assisted in recruitment and retention. Conclusion: although many positive aspects of the CPD courses were identified, it is clear that some changes were required with particular reference to theoretical delivery and curriculum content.
Fluid therapy and shock: an integrative literature review
Authors: Silva Joana , Gonçalves Luís , Sousa Patrícia Pontífice 
Published: April 2018

Background: shock refers to a physiological situation that puts life at risk. Its early identification and the timely institution of therapeutic measures can avoid death. Despite the frequent administration of fluid therapy as a treatment for shock, the type and dose of fluids to be delivered remain undetermined. Aim: to determine the type of fluids to be administered and the type of approach to be performed in the different types of shock. Method: integrative literature review. Results: data about fluid therapy in hypovolaemic and distributive shock were obtained, specifically in the haemorrhagic and the septic types. None of the articles addressed cardiogenic shock. Conclusion: hypotensive resuscitation, with blood, is the most appropriate approach in haemorrhagic shock. There remains a question regarding the best approach in septic shock. However, conservative fluid therapy seems to be appropriate, with preference given to the administration of balanced crystalloids or albumin as an alternative.
Projetando lugares com idosos: uma análise da produção acadêmica nacional
Authors: Pereira Gisele , Portella Adriana , Sopeña Sirlene , Chiarelli Lígia , Correa Celina , Costa Tanara , Libardoni Thaís , Saffer Medvedoski Nirce , Woolrych Ryan , Sixsmith Judith 
Published: April 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama da produção acadêmica nacional sobre a relação entre idosos e senso de lugar. Para isso, foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes de busca: o Portal de Periódicos e o Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. As palavras-chave empregadas foram: envelhecimento; idosos; cidades amigas do envelhecimento; senso de lugar; e desenho urbano. No total, 68 bibliografias foram examinadas (42 artigos, 14 teses e 12 dissertações). Com o propósito de guiar a coleta de estudos foi produzida uma planilha, contemplando os seguintes aspectos: palavras-chave, áreas de conhecimento, métodos, barreiras e facilitadores de ambientes amigáveis ao envelhecimento. Os resultados destacaram algumas barreiras e facilitadores de tais ambientes. Entre os facilitadores, destacam-se o desenho universal e a acessibilidade. Em termos de barreiras, ressaltam-se as barreiras arquitetônicas, sujeira e insegurança em locais públicos, preconceito, insuficiência familiar e dependência, os quais afetam negativamente o envelhecimento no lugar. Palavras-chave: idosos, senso de lugar, produção acadêmica nacional.
GOIÂNIA: ART DÉCO COMO SÍMBOLO DE MODERNIDADE
Authors: Azevedo Angélica Fernandes , Carsalade Flávio De Lemos 
Published: April 2018

Goiânia, nova capital do Estado de Goiás, é concebida segundo os princípios de modernidade em voga na década de 30. Os símbolos de modernidade são conferidos através de um plano urbanístico racional com ideais higienistas e com as aspirações desenvolvimentistas que poderiam advir de uma nova capital moderna no Estado. A arquitetura em estilo Art Déco traz a modernidade da época em contraposição à antiga capital, cidade de Goiás, de aspecto colonial. O presente artigo pretende, compreender como esta herança atua na construção identitária da sua população. A hipótese é de que a pós-modernidade, diante dos efeitos de globalização e de efemeridade, permite dois distintos movimentos sociais goianienses: o sentimento de apego ou a negação do passado simbolizado pelo acervo Art Déco goianiense.Palavras-chave: Art Déco; Modernidade; Pós-modernidade.
The clot thickens: an incompletely ligated left atrial appendage
Authors: Thomas Merrill , Grodzinsky Anna , Zink Martin 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Our patient presented with known mechanical mitral valve endocarditis documented by 2D transesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) from a recent hospitalization at an outside facility. On admission to our center, there was no prior knowledge of an incompletely ligated left atrial appendage (LAA) according to patient- or family-reported history, review of outside records or the outside facility’s 2D TOE report. A 3D TOE performed at our center to assess her pathology, since a month had passed from her prior hospitalization, revealed a LAA ligation with evidence of communication to the left atrium and with clot present in the appendage. This case report highlights the common finding of incomplete closure of the LAA following surgical ligation, thus making it inadequate for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, and that 3D TOE plays a valuable role in assessing the durability of LAA ligation.
Normativity of Scientific Laws (I): Two Kinds of Normativity
Authors: Mets Ave 
Published: April 2018

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian]
This article presents the results of a broader research project which aims to argue for the normativity of scientific laws. Usually scientific laws are regarded as descriptive, which contrasts them to prescriptive norms. To show their normativity, I utilize the logical account of explicitly normative systems by Carlos Alchourrón and Eugenio Bulygin (1971). I identify the characteristic elements of normativity and analyse accounts of implicit normativity in science using those terms to show the affinities of explicit and implicit normativities. The research project continues with the substantiation of the normativity of scientific laws in detail and the results will be presented in Normativity of Scientific Laws (II) (Mets 2018).
On the Difference between the Two Barbaras
Authors: Pabijutaitė Živilė 
Published: April 2018

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian]
The paper deals with the problem of the “two Barbaras” in the Aristotelian modal syllogistic. The problem consists in Aristotle’s differing views on two at a first sight similar in nature syllogisms of mixed assertoric (X) and necessary (L) premises: Barbara LXL and Barbara XLL. The fact that Aristotle believed the first syllogism to be valid and the second one – not, has been received either 1) negatively, because both Barbaras have been held to be invalid, or 2) negatively, because both Barbaras have been held to be valid, or 3) positively, by giving a reason why the two Barbaras differ. We commit ourselves to the position (3) by proving that modal propositions for Aristotle have their modalities de dicto and that Aristotelian modal operators act according to their own separate rules where only the type of the modality of a major premise is relevant for the modal status of the conclusion.
Liberalizmas kaip kultūros filosofija
Authors: Jokubaitis Alvydas , Jokubaitis Linas 
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Liberalai neturi tik jiems būdingos politikos sampratos, nes privalo siūlyti ir neliberalams priimtiną politinio teisingumo sampratą. Be šito jie nepateisintų liberalų vardo. Liberalų politinė koncepcija nėra vien tik jų tapatumo pagrindas. Moralės požiūriu jie taip pat neturi tik savo koncepcijos. Apie moralinius dalykus liberalai kalba remdamiesi ta pačia politinio teisingumo matrica. Tai sukuria paradoksą. Politinis liberalų tapatumas nukreipia į moralę, o ši – į politiką. Straipsnio tikslas – paaiškinti šį paradoksą. Siekiama įrodyti, kad politinis liberalizmas yra kultūros filosofija. Neturėdami savo politikos ir moralės sampratos, liberalai gina tam tikrą požiūrį į kultūrą. Jų politinė filosofija yra kultūros filosofijos dalis. Šis dalykas įrodinėjamas naudojant alternatyvą Rawlso pirminės pozicijos koncepcijai – paskutinės pozicijos idėją.
E. Husserlio egologinės sąmonės sampratos kritika E. Voegelino darbuose
Authors: Caturianas Dovydas 
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Nė viename iš savo darbų E. Voegelinas nėra detaliau susiejęs savo Husserlio fenomenologijos kritikos su vėliau išplėtota politine filosofija. Siekiant užpildyti šią spragą, straipsnyje aptariama Husserlio egologinės sąmonės koncepcijos kritika Voegelino esė rinkinyje „Anamnesis“ ir šios kritikos reikšmė jo brandžiajai politinei filosofijai, kurią geriausiai reprezentuoja „Naujojo politikos mokslo“ projektas. Remiantis šia analize teigiama, kad egologinės sąmonės kontekstų ribotumo įsisąmoninimas ir šio ribotumo peržengimas Voegelino filosofijoje reiškė pamatinę racionalaus klasikinio politikos mokslo sugrąžinimo sąlygą. Ne-objektinę, ne intencionalią (huserliškąja prasme) struktūrą turinčios patirtys ir jų eksplikacija Voegelino politinėje filosofijoje buvo tvarią visuomeninę ir politinę tvarką laiduojančių principų šaltinis, tuo pat metu suteikiantis galimybę įveikti vadinamąjį „vertybinį demonizmą“ socialiniuose moksluose.
Hume’o giljotina ir teisinis pozityvizmas
Authors: Baltrimienė Milda 
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje analizuojama Hume’o giljotinos – tezės, jog iš fakto teiginių negali būti išvedami normatyviniai teiginiai, – įtaka teisinio pozityvizmo filosofijai. Teisinio pozityvizmo teorijos pabrėžia, jog teisė yra socialinėmis konvencijomis pagrįstas reiškinys, apibrėžiamas ir paaiškinamas remiantis vien socialiniais faktais. Todėl teisės analizė turi apsiriboti deskriptyviais teiginiais, o rėmimasis normatyviniais argumentais lemia samprotavimo klaidas. Pavyzdžiui, kaip nurodoma teisinio pozityvizmo teorijose, iš samprotavimų, koks teisinis reguliavimas yra pats tinkamiausias, negalima dedukuoti, jog jis turėtų būti privalomas. Todėl rėmimasis Hume’o giljotina buvo vienas iš svarbiausių veiksnių formuojantis pamatinėms teisinio pozityvizmo nuostatoms. Straipsnyje siekiama pagrįsti, jog vis dėlto teisinis pozityvizmas, siekdamas paaiškinti teisės normatyvumą, susiduria su teoriniais prieštaravimais, kurie lemia, jog Hume’o giljotina gali būti pritaikoma ir pačioms teisinio pozityvizmo nuostatoms.
Presenteísmo, fatores de risco e repercussões na saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem
Authors: De Oliveira Ana Lívia Castelo Branco , Da Costa Girlene Ribeiro , Fernandes Márcia Astrês , Gouveia Márcia Teles de Oliveira , Rocha Silvana Santiago 
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: contextualizar y reflexionar sobre el modelo de los sistemas de Betty Neuman en la relación entre el presentismo, el ambiente de trabajo y la salud del trabajador de enfermería.Síntesis del contenido: se trata de un estudio cualitativo teórico y reflexivo basado en el marco teórico de Betty Neuman. Las reflexiones se basan en estudios publicados entre el 2009 y el 2017, en la literatura nacional e internacional.Conclusiones: se observó que el presentismo trae daños a los trabajadores de enfermería en los ámbitos físico, psicológico, socio-cultural, desarrollista y espiritual por los agentes estresantes favorecidos en el ambiente de trabajo, tales como excesiva carga de trabajo, mala salud, peligros físicos y ergonómicos. Por lo tanto, combatir el presentismo depende de la sana interacción entre el individuo y el entorno en el que vive y trabaja, y debe considerar aspectos de prevención y promoción a partir de la disminución los factores estresores.
The third millennium dementia epidemic
Authors: Tjan Richard 
Published: April 2018

The global dementia epidemic now and in the future is mainly caused by the steady increase in the population of older persons, where around 2 billion people will be 60 years of age and older by 2050.(1,2) As a consequence, in that year there will be 135 million people with dementia, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where 60% of the more than 47 million cases (2015 estimate) are living now.(2)
Comparison of microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy and adenoid curette adenoidectomy
Authors: . Shaweta , Azad Ramesh K. , Minhas R. S. , Mohindroo Shobha 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenoidectomy is the surgical procedure to remove the adenoids. It is conventionally performed using the curettage method. The aim is to compare between adenoid curette adenoidectomy and microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> From April 2016 to March 2017, 50 patients (34 males and 16 females), requiring adenoidectomy were randomized into two groups each of twenty five. Group A underwent microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy. Group B underwent conventional adenoidectomy using the curettage method. The parameters studied were intra-operative time, blood loss, residual tissue, associated trauma, and post-operative symptomatic relief and complications. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy was significantly better in terms of residual tissue left behind as compared to adenoid curette adenoidectomy (p&lt;0.001), similar operative blood loss and operative time with no difference in complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Microdebrider-assisted adenoidectomy is a safe and effective alternative to curettage method as it allows complete removal of adenoid tissue under direct vision.</p>