bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover thickness uncertainty mapping using Bayesian estimate fusion: leveraging domain knowledge
Authors: Visser Gerhard , Markov Jelena 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
Thickness of cover over crystalline basement is an important consideration for mineral exploration in covered regions. It can be estimated from a variety of geophysical data types using a variety of inference methods. A robust method for combining such estimates to map the cover–basement interface over a region of interest is needed. Due to the large uncertainties involved, these need to be probabilistic maps. Predominantly, interpolation methods are used for this purpose, but these are built on simplifying assumptions about the inputs which are often inappropriate. The Bayesian estimate fusion is an alternative capable of addressing that issue by enabling more extensive use of domain knowledge about all inputs. This study is intended as a first step towards making the Bayesian estimate fusion a practical tool for cover thickness uncertainty mapping. The main contribution is to identify the types of data assumptions that are important for this problem, to demonstrate their importance using synthetic tests and to design a method that enables their use without introducing excessive tedium. We argue that interpolation methods like kriging often cannot achieve this goal and demonstrate that Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling can. This paper focuses on the development of statistical methodology and presents synthetic data tests designed to reflect realistic exploration scenarios on an abstract level. Intended application is for the early stages of exploration where some geophysical data are available while drill hole coverage is poor.
Men’s health literacy: a review and recommendations
Authors: Oliffe John L , Rossnagel Emma , Kelly Mary T , Bottorff Joan L , Seaton Cherisse , Darroch Francine 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although men’s health promotion efforts have attracted programmatic and evaluative research, conspicuously absent are gendered insights to men’s health literacy. The current scoping review article shares the findings drawn from 12 published articles addressing men’s health literacy in a range of health and illness contexts. Evident was consensus that approaches tailored to men’s everyday language and delivered in familiar community-based spaces were central to advancing men’s health literacy, and, by extension, the effectiveness of men’s health promotion programs. However, most men’s health literacy studies focussed on medical knowledge of disease contexts including prostate and colon cancers, while diversity was evident regards conceptual frameworks and/or methods and measures for evaluating men’s health literacy. Despite evidence that low levels of health literacy fuel stigma and men’s reticence for health help-seeking, and that tailoring programs to health literacy levels is requisite to effective men’s health promotion efforts, the field of men’s health literacy remains underdeveloped. Based on the scoping review findings, recommendations for future research include integrating men’s health literacy research as a needs analysis to more effectively design and evaluate targeted men’s health promotion programs.
Time-variant productivity in biomass dynamic models on seasonal and long-term scales
Authors: Mildenberger Tobias K , Berg Casper W , Pedersen Martin W , Kokkalis Alexandros , Nielsen J Rasmus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe productivity of fish populations varies naturally over time, dependent on integrated effects of abundance, ecological factors, and environmental conditions. These changes can be expressed as gradual or abrupt shifts in productivity as well as fluctuations on any time scale from seasonal oscillations to long-term changes. This study considers three extensions to biomass dynamic models that accommodate time-variant productivity in fish populations. Simulation results reveal that neglecting seasonal changes in productivity can bias derived stock sustainability reference levels and, thus, fisheries management advice. Results highlight the importance of biannual biomass indices and their timing relative to the peaks of the seasonal processes (i.e. recruitment, growth, mortality) for the estimation of seasonally time-variant productivity. The application to real-world data of the eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) stock shows that the model is able to disentangle differences in seasonal fishing mortality as well as seasonal and long-term changes in productivity. The combined model with long-term and seasonally varying productivity performs significantly better than models that neglect time-variant productivity. The model extensions proposed here allow to account for time-variant productivity of fish populations leading to increased reliability of derived reference levels.
Evaluating effort regulation in mixed fisheries: a Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Liu Xiaozi , Heino Mikko 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper evaluates whether effort regulation could achieve the goal of protecting low-abundance species in mixed fisheries. We construct a two-species bio-economic model and compare the stock abundance ratio in the end of the fishing season with the ratio prior to the fishing. Fishers’ profit maximization problem is governed by three key factors: (i) the overall efficiency of catching different species (catchability), (ii) the price of different species, and (iii) their ability to catch the favoured species separately from the less-favoured species (separability). Using a Monte Carlo sampling of feasible parameters space, we show that effort regulation has good chances (87% of the cases) of maintaining the end stock ratio near equal levels (1/2&lt; stock ratio &lt;2) when the initial stock ratio is equal. If the initial stock ratio is not equal, however, there is a high risk (about 50% of the cases) that effort control increases differences in the relative species abundances, rather than diminishing them. The effects depend on whether the key factors determining fishing profitability are counteracting or reinforcing each other, and their relative strength. Our results warn against placing too much faith on the ability of effort regulation to protect species at low abundances from excessive exploitation.
What Would Satisfy Us? Taking Stock of Critical Approaches to Transitional Justice
Authors: Sharp Dustin N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract∞
In recent years, a distinct critical turn in transitional justice scholarship has emerged, seeking to question the naturalness and inevitability of mainstream transitional justice theory and practice and to envision a broader and more holistic project. While in many ways a positive development, this newfound critical enthusiasm risks producing an unwarranted sense of pessimism and failure. This points to the need to better manage expectations as to what ‘success’ looks like even as we try to reimagine what transitional justice could become. To these ends, I draw upon and propose revisions to Robert Cox’s famous distinction between problem-solving and critical theory. To better maintain balance and perspective, I argue for the adoption of an ‘integrated’ approach to transitional justice critique that does more to engage with the difficult tradeoffs, policy choices and contextual realities that would inevitably be associated with efforts to implement an alternative vision of transitional justice.
Natural Human Infections With Plasmodium cynomolgi and Other Malaria Species in an Elimination Setting in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Grignard Lynn , Shah Sonal , Chua Tock H , William Timothy , Drakeley Chris J , Fornace Kimberly M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To determine the presence and species composition of malaria infections, we screened a subset of samples collected during a cross-sectional survey in Northern Sabah, Malaysia using highly sensitive molecular techniques. Results identified 54 asymptomatic submicroscopic malaria infections, including a large cluster of Plasmodium falciparum and 3 P. knowlesi infections. We additionally identified 2 monoinfections with the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium cynomolgi, both in individuals reporting no history of forest activities or contact with macaques. Results highlight the need for improved surveillance strategies to detect these infections and determine public health impacts.
Can phenotypic data complement our understanding of antimycobacterial effects for drug combinations?
Authors: Kloprogge Frank , Hammond Robert , Copas Andrew , Gillespie Stephen H , Della Pasqua Oscar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To demonstrate how phenotypic cell viability data can provide insight into antimycobacterial effects for the isoniazid/rifampicin treatment backbone.

Methods
Data from a Mycobacterium komossense hollow-fibre infection model comprising a growth control group, rifampicin at three different exposures (Cmax = 0.14, 0.4 and 1.47 mg/L with t½ = 1.57 h and τ = 8 h) and rifampicin plus isoniazid (Cmax rifampicin = 0.4 mg/L and Cmax isoniazid = 1.2 mg/L with t½ = 1.57 h and τ = 8 h) were used for this investigation. A non-linear mixed-effects modelling approach was used to fit conventional cfu data, quantified using solid-agar plating. Phenotypic proportions of respiring (alive), respiring but with damaged cell membrane (injured) and ‘not respiring’ (dead) cells data were quantified using flow cytometry and Sytox Green™ (Sigma–Aldrich, UK) and resazurin sodium salt staining and fitted using a multinomial logistic regression model.

Results
Isoniazid/rifampicin combination therapy displayed a decreasing overall antimicrobial effect with time (θTime1/2 = 438 h) on cfu data, in contrast to rifampicin monotherapy where this trend was absent. In the presence of isoniazid a phenotype associated with cell injury was displayed, whereas with rifampicin monotherapy a pattern of phenotypic cell death was observed. Bacterial killing onset time on cfu data correlated negatively (θTime50 = 28.9 h, θLAGRIF50 = 0.132 mg/L) with rifampicin concentration up to 0.165 mg/L and this coincided with a positive relationship between rifampicin concentration and the probability of phenotypic cell death.

Conclusions
Cell viability data provide structured information on the pharmacodynamic interaction between isoniazid and rifampicin that complements the understanding of the antibacillary effects of this mycobacterial treatment backbone.
The 2019 Garrod Lecture: MDR efflux in Gram-negative bacteria—how understanding resistance led to a new tool for drug discovery
Authors: Piddock Laura J V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The AcrAB-TolC MDR efflux system confers intrinsic MDR and overproduction confers clinically relevant resistance to some antibiotics active against Gram-negative bacteria. The system is made up of three components, namely AcrA, AcrB and TolC, otherwise known as the AcrAB-TolC tripartite system. Inactivation or deletion of a gene encoding one of the constituent proteins, or substitution of a single amino acid in the efflux pump component AcrB that results in loss of efflux function, confers increased antibiotic susceptibility. Clinically relevant resistance can be mediated by a mutation in acrB that changes the way AcrB substrates are transported. However, it is more common that resistant clinical and veterinary isolates overproduce the AcrAB-TolC MDR efflux system. This is due to mutations in genes such as marR and ramR that encode repressors of transcription factors (MarA and RamA, respectively) that when produced activate expression of the acrAB and tolC genes thereby increasing efflux. The Lon protease degrades MarA and RamA to return the level of efflux to that of the WT. Furthermore, the levels of AcrAB-TolC are regulated by CsrA. Studies with fluorescent reporters that report levels of acrAB and regulatory factors allowed the development of a new tool for discovering efflux inhibitors. Screens of the Prestwick Chemical Library and a large library from a collaborating pharmaceutical company have generated a number of candidate compounds for further research.
A 9-h CV with one outburst in 4 yr of Kepler data
Authors: Yu Zhifei , Thorstensen J R , Rappaport S , Mann A , Jacobs T , Nelson L , Gänsicke B T , LaCourse D , Borkovits T , Aiken J , Steeghs D , Toloza O , Vanderburg A , Lin D N C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
During a visual search through the Kepler main-field light curves, we have discovered a cataclysmic variable (CV) that experienced only a single 4-d long outburst over four years, rising to three times the quiescent flux. During the four years of non-outburst data the Kepler photometry of KIC 5608384 exhibits ellipsoidal light variations (‘ELVs’) with a ∼12 per cent amplitude and period of 8.7 h. Follow-up ground-based spectral observations have yielded a high-quality radial velocity curve and the associated mass function. Additionally, H α emission lines were present in the spectra even though these were taken while the source was presumably in quiescence. These emission lines are at least partially eclipsed by the companion K star. We utilize the available constraints of the mass function, the ELV amplitude, Roche lobe filling condition, and inferred radius of the K star to derive the system masses and orbital inclination angle: $M_{\rm wd} \simeq 0.46 \pm 0.02 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, $M_{\rm K} \simeq 0.41 \pm 0.03 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, and i ≳ 70°. The value of Mwd is the lowest reported for any accreting WD in a CV. We have also run binary evolution models using mesa to infer the most likely parameters of the pre-cataclysmic binary. Using the mass-transfer rates from the model evolution tracks we conclude that although the rates are close to the critical value for accretion disc stability, we expect KIC 5608384 to exhibit dwarf nova outbursts. We also conclude that the accreting white dwarf most likely descended from a hot subdwarf and, most notably, that this binary is one of the first bona fide examples of a progenitor of AM CVn binaries to have evolved through the CV channel.
The haloes and environments of nearby galaxies (HERON) – I. Imaging, sample characteristics, and envelope diameters
Authors: Rich R Michael , Mosenkov Aleksandr , Lee-Saunders Henry , Koch Andreas , Kormendy John , Kennefick Julia , Brosch Noah , Sales Laura , Bullock James , Burkert Andreas , Collins Michelle , Cooper Michael , Fusco Michael , Reitzel David , Thilker David , Milewski Dave G , Elias Lydia , Saade M L , De Groot Laura 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We use a dedicated 0.7-m telescope to image the haloes of 119 galaxies in the Local Volume to μr ∼ 28–30 mag arcsec−2. The sample is primarily from the Two Micron All Sky Survey Large Galaxy Atlas (Jarrett et al. 2003) and extended to include nearby dwarf galaxies and more distant giant ellipticals, and spans fully the galaxy colour–magnitude diagram including the blue cloud and red sequence. We present an initial overview, including deep images of our galaxies. Our observations reproduce previously reported low surface brightness structures, including extended plumes in M 51, and a newly discovered tidally extended dwarf galaxy in NGC 7331. Low surface brightness structures, or ‘envelopes’, exceeding 50 kpc in diameter are found mostly in galaxies with MV < −20.5, and classic interaction signatures are infrequent. Defining a halo diameter at the surface brightness 28 mag arcsec−2, we find that halo diameter is correlated with total galaxy luminosity. Extended signatures of interaction are found throughout the galaxy colour–magnitude diagram without preference for the red or blue sequences, or the green valley. Large envelopes may be found throughout the colour–magnitude diagram with some preference for the bright end of the red sequence. Spiral and S0 galaxies have broadly similar sizes, but ellipticals extend to notably greater diameters, reaching 150 kpc. We propose that the extended envelopes of disc galaxies are dominated by an extension of the disc population rather than by a classical Population II halo.
Recoiling supermassive black holes in analytical and numerical galaxy potential
Authors: Smole Majda , Micic Miroslav , Mitrašinović Ana 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWe follow trajectories of recoiling supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in analytical and numerical models of galaxy merger remnants with masses of 1011 M⊙ and 1012 M⊙. We construct various merger remnant galaxies in order to investigate how the central SMBH mass and the mass ratio of progenitor galaxies influence escape velocities of recoiling SMBHs. Our results show that static analytical models of major merger remnant galaxies overestimate the SMBHs escape velocities. During major mergers violent relaxation leads to the decrease of galaxy mass and lower potential at large remnant radii. This process is not depicted in static analytical potential but clearly seen in our numerical models. Thus, the evolving numerical model is a more realistic description of dynamical processes in galaxies with merging SMBHs. We find that SMBH escape velocities in numerical major merger remnant galaxies can be up to 25 per cent lower compared to those in analytical models. Consequently, SMBHs in numerical models generally reach greater galactocentric distances and spend more time on bound orbits outside of the galactic nuclei. Thus, numerical models predict a greater number of spatially offset active galactic nuclei (AGNs).
A high signal-to-noise HST spectrum towards J1009+0713: precise absorption measurements in the CGM of two galaxies
Authors: Lochhaas Cassandra , Mathur Smita , Frank Stephan , Som Debopam , Krongold Yair , Kulkarni Varsha , Weinberg David H , Nicastro Fabrizio , Gupta Anjali 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
High signal-to-noise spectra towards background quasars are crucial for uncovering weak absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of intervening galaxies, such as the diagnostic lines of N v that provide insight to the ionization process of warm gas but typically have low equivalent widths. We present a new spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope with a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼20–35 towards the quasar SDSS J1009+0713 and analyse absorption systems in the CGM of two L⋆ galaxies close to the line of sight. We identify additional absorption in the CGM of these galaxies that was not reported by the previous lower signal-to-noise spectrum, as well as Milky Way absorbers and quasar outflows from J1009+0713. We measure log (NN v/NO vi) ∼ −1.1 for two CGM absorbers, inconsistent with gas in collisional ionization equilibrium and consistent with a radiatively cooling bulk flow of ∼50–150 km s−1, which could be produced by galactic winds. These column density ratios are also consistent with those found for other L⋆ galaxies and for some gas in the Milky Way’s halo. We place upper limits of log (NN v/NO vi) &lt; −1.8 to −1.2 for other O vi absorbers in the same haloes, which suggests that O vi is produced by different processes in different parts of the CGM, even within the same galactic halo. Together with the kinematically different structure of high- and low-ionization lines, these results indicate there are many components to a single galaxy’s gaseous halo. We find the redshift number density of Ly α forest absorbers and broad Ly α absorbers are consistent with expectations at this redshift.
Candidates for non-pulsating stars located in the Cepheid instability strip in the Large Magellanic Cloud based on Strömgren photometry
Authors: Narloch Weronika , Pietrzyński G , Kołaczkowski Z , Smolec R , Górski M , Kubiak M , Udalski A , Soszyński I , Graczyk D , Gieren W , Karczmarek P , Zgirski B , Wielgórski P , Suchomska K , Pilecki B , Taormina M , Kałuszyński M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We present candidates for non-pulsating stars lying in the classical Cepheid instability strip based on the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) photometric maps combined with Strömgren photometry obtained with the 4.1-m Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, and Gaia Data Release 2 data in four fields in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We selected 19 candidates in total. After analysis of their light curves from OGLE surveys we found that all these stars appear to be photometrically stable at the level of a few mmag. Our results show that non-pulsating stars might constitute to about $21\!-\!30\, {\rm per\, cent}$ of the whole sample of giant stars located in the classical instability strip. Furthermore, we identified potential candidates for classical Cepheids with hot companions based on their Strömgren colours.
Resolved scaling relations and metallicity gradients on sub-kiloparsec scales at z ≈ 1
Authors: Patrício V , Richard J , Carton D , Péroux C , Contini T , Brinchmann J , Schaye J , Weilbacher P M , Nanayakkara T , Maseda M , Mahler G , Wisotzki L 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The existence of a spatially resolved star-forming main sequence (rSFMS) and a spatially resolved mass–metallicity relation (rMZR) is now well established for local galaxies. Moreover, gradients with metallicity decreasing with radius seem to be common in local disc galaxies. These observations suggest that galaxy formation is a self-regulating process, and provide constraints for galaxy evolution models. Studying the evolution of these relations at higher redshifts is still, however, very challenging. In this paper, we analyse three gravitationally lensed galaxies at z = 0.6, 0.7, and 1, observed with MUSE and SINFONI. These galaxies are highly magnified by galaxy clusters, which allow us to observe resolved scaling relations and metallicity gradients on physical scales of a couple of hundred parsecs, comparable to studies of local galaxies. We confirm that the rSFMS is already in place at these redshifts on sub-kpc scales, and establish, for the first time, the existence of the rMZR at higher redshifts. We develop a forward-modelling approach to fit 2D metallicity gradients of multiply imaged lensed galaxies in the image plane, and derive gradients of −0.027 ± 0.003, −0.019 ± 0.003, and −0.039 ± 0.060 dex kpc−1. Despite the fact that these are clumpy galaxies, typical of high-redshift discs, the metallicity variations in the galaxies are well described by global linear gradients, and we do not see any difference in metallicity associated with the star-forming clumps.
Cosmic voids uncovered – first-order statistics of depressions in the biased density field
Authors: Ronconi T , Contarini S , Marulli F , Baldi M , Moscardini L 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Cosmic voids occupy most of the volume of the Universe, and their statistical properties can be exploited for constraining dark energy, as well as for testing theories of gravity. Nevertheless, in spite of their growing popularity as cosmological probes, a gap of knowledge between cosmic void observations and theory still persists. In particular, the void size function models proposed in literature have been proven unsuccessful in reproducing the results obtained from cosmological simulations in which cosmic voids are detected from biased tracers of the density field. The goal of this work is to cover this gap. In particular, we make use of the findings of a previous work in which we have improved the void selection procedure, presenting an algorithm that redefines the void ridges and, consequently, their radii. By applying this algorithm, we validate the volume conserving model of the void size function on a set of unbiased simulated density field tracers. We highlight the difference in the internal structure between voids selected in this way and those identified by the popular vide void finder. We also extend the validation of the model to the case of biased tracers. We find that a relation exists between the tracer used to sample the underlying dark matter density field and its unbiased counterpart. Moreover, we demonstrate that, as long as this relation is accounted for, the size function is a viable approach for studying cosmology with cosmic voids.