bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Отдельные вопросы актуализации процесса профессиональной подготовки сотрудников полиции, к изменившимся условиям служебной деятельности
Authors: Ю.Н. Кириченко , А.А. Тарасенко , С.Г. Никулин , Ю.С. Кухарев 
Published: December 2024

в статье авторами раскрывается значение поэтапной организации процесса профессионального обучения сотрудников полиции, к эффективным действиям с огнестрельным оружием, в том числе обеспечивающим необходимый уровень личной безопасности с учетом складывающейся в настоящее время оперативной обстановки в приграничных районах Российской Федерации. Показано, что основополагающей базой, выступает индивидуальная тактико-техническая подготовка сотрудника полиции, на которой в дальнейшем выстраивается вся подготовка подразделения для решения оперативно-служебных задач в различных условиях профессиональной деятельности. Представлены результаты проведенного авторами исследования, направленного на выявление факторов влияющих на уровень тактической подготовки сотрудников. В работе акцентируется внимание на процессе обучения сотрудников новому двигательному действию с последовательным прохождением нескольких взаимосвязанных этапов. Приведены конкретные примеры формирования устойчивых двигательных навыков с оружием, в дидактической части педагогической технологии первого этапа – индивидуальной тактико-технической подготовки сотрудника полиции.
in the article, the authors disclose the importance of the phased organization of the process of professional training of police officers for effective actions with firearms, including ensuring the necessary level of personal security, taking into account the current operational situation in the border areas of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the fundamental basis is the individual tactical and technical training of a police officer, on which in the future all the training of the unit is built to solve operational and service tasks in various conditions of professional activity. The results of a study conducted by the authors aimed at identifying factors affecting the level of tactical training of employees are presented. The work focuses on the process of training employees in a new motor action with the sequential passage of several interconnected stages. Specific examples of the formation of stable motor skills with weapons are given, in the didactic part of the pedagogical technology of the first stage - individual tactical and technical training of a police officer.
Формирование и развитие гибких навыков обучающихся в условиях образовательной организации
Authors: Е.О. Аквазба 
Published: December 2024

исследование проблемы формирования и развития гибких навыков обучающихся является значимой темой исследования и требует существенной ее проработки, поскольку именно гибкие навыки сегодня становятся связующим инструментом для развития профессиональных навыков. Результаты. В соответствии с теоретико-методологическими основаниями были выявлены основные подходы к рассмотрению проблемы формирования и развития гибких навыков обучающихся в образовательной организации, описаны основные способы и методы создания организационно-педагогических условий для обеспечения описываемого феномена. Заключение. Автором обобщены существующие классификации гибких навыков и подходы к их анализу. Описанные в статье результаты теоретико-методологических изысканий и результаты их апробации позволяют говорить об эффективности организационно-педагогических условий по формированию и развитию гибких навыков обучающихся в условиях образовательного процесса. Каждый отдельный навык – стратегический анализ и планирование, лидерство, внимание, память, логика, сотрудничество, тайм-менеджмент, – охарактеризован содержательно; так же раскрыты организационно-педагогические условия его формирования.
of particular importance for modern pedagogical science is the study of the problem of formation and development of soft skills. This topic requires significant development, since soft skills are actively used by practicing teachers as a tool for developing professional skills. Results. The main approaches to considering the problem of formation and development of soft skills of students in an educational organization were described as a result of the analysis of theoretical and methodological literature, the main methods of creating organizational and pedagogical conditions for ensuring the described phenomenon were revealed. Conclusion. The author summarized the existing classifications of soft skills and approaches to their analysis. The results of theoretical and methodological research described in the article and the results of their testing allow us to talk about the effectiveness of organizational and pedagogical conditions. Each individual skill – strategic analysis and planning, leadership, attention, memory, logic, cooperation, time management – is characterized and the organizational and pedagogical conditions for its formation are disclosed.
Effectiveness of Single Dose Oral Corticosteroids in Relief of Pain due to Acute Tonsillitis and/or Acute Pharyngitis
Authors: Rauniyar Neeraj , Sah Santosh Kumar , Tripathi Prashant 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Throat pain due to acute tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis hamper with oral intake, speech and swallowing leading to feeling of general weakness and inability to work. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of single dose of oral corticosteroids for improving or resolving of pain in adults with acute tonsillitis/acute pharyngitis.
MethodsThis study was quasi-experimental study conducted on patients aged 16 years and above with acute tonsillitis/acute pharyngitis were included in the study. A total of 88 patients were included out of which, 46 patients received steroids as a single dose of oral prednisolone (Group A) and in 42 patients, steroids were not used (Group B). Pain score, assessed at 24 hour and 48 hours on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); and pain duration were compared between two groups.
ResultsThere was a male preponderance with male to female ratio of 3:1. Age ranges from 17 to 32 year. The most common symptom was odynophagia presenting in 86 patients out of 88. Pain score at 24 hours was 4.59±0.98 hour in group A and 6.28±1.21 hour in group B (p<0.001). Pain score at 48 hours was 0.41±0.68 hour in group A and 2.98±0.90 hour in group B (p<0.001). Time until onset of pain relief was 3.56±0.98 hour in group A and 5.90±1.08 hour in group B (p<0.001). Time until complete pain relief was 42.61±6.44 hour in group A and 58.71±17.19 hour in group B (p<0.001).
ConclusionIn adult patients with acute sore throat due to acute tonsillitis and/or acute pharyngitis, single dose of oral prednisolone was effective in reducing pain as well as shortening the duration of pain when compared to the group where it was not used.
Social Media Use and Quality of Sleep among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Kathmandu
Authors: Bhattarai Tilarupa , Upadhyay Radhika , KC Tulza , Shahi Bhawani , Sharma Muna 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Now-a-days, social media use has increased, which has its own benefits and limitations including its adverse effects on an individual's sleep. The objective of study was to find-out social media use patterns in terms of its addiction level and quality of sleep of nursing students.
MethodsCross sectional design was used including 565 B.Sc. Nursing students at six nursing campuses in Kathmandu district. The data collection tool consisted of questions related to socio-demographic information; social media use behavior, Social Media Addiction Scale developed by Cengiz Şahin and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, developed by Buysse. After taking administrative approval from the respective colleges and informed consents from the respondents, data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data was entered in SPSS Version 16 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
ResultsAll respondents were female with mean age of 21.37 years; 72.9% of respondents had good quality of sleep, 59.5% had medium level addiction to social media. Social media addiction and poor sleep quality was found to have positive correlation (r=0.51, p < 0.01).
ConclusionThe nursing students were addicted to social media; and some of them had poor sleep quality. The quality of sleep wass correlated with social media use. It is recommended that the students need to decrease their social media use engagement.
Sosialisasi Penggunaan Internet sehat serta Gadget pada Anak Usia Dinidi Petukangan Selatan
Authors: Taufiq Ramadhan  , Rika Handayani  , Azmi Islami  , Risnawati Risna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract. As technology evolves, it is very important for all of society to be able to manage usage wisely in order to maximize its benefits and minimize the risks it will incur. Gadgets are one of the visible forms of technological tools that are mostly used by the Society, which is always evolving from years of knowledge and can update new things so as to attract the interest of users. Not only parents or teenagers, but also early childhood and primary school children participate in this tool. Excessive use of gadgets will have a negative impact on development and growth in early childhood. This can happen and affect my behavior. In addition, excessive use of gadgets can affect the child and become a more closed person due to lack of social interaction with friends or relatives. However, the use of gadgets does not always have a negative impact, some of them use gadgets well and apply them as a learning medium that can be useful and bring insight. Therefore, they can easily access the Lessons online. However, the use of gadgets, especially in early childhood, requires periodic supervision of parents, because in early childhood they have a high sense of enthusiasm and curiosity about new things that they know that can lead to adverse risks, and can increase parents' concern with excessive use of gadgets by their children.
Hundeassisteret psykoterapi
Authors: Thirstrup Natacha Friis , Glintborg Chalotte , Hansen Tia 
Published: December 2024

Nogle psykologer inddrager dyr i deres terapeutiske praksis. Idéen er ikke knyttet til en bestemt terapiform, men anvendes som en udvidelse af repertoiret i den tilgang, terapeuten i øvrigt benytter. Litteratur fra andre lande beskriver inddragelse af dyr i klassiske tilgange såsom psykodynamisk, klientcentreret og kognitivt-adfærdsterapeutisk terapi, og der findes studier af, hvad erfarne praktikere anbefaler og efterlyser. Derimod er det ikke tidligere undersøgt, hvordan danske psykologer oplever inddragelse af dyr i deres terapi. For at belyse dette foretog vi et interviewstudie med fire danske psykologer, der har erfaring med hunde i terapirummet. Vi spurgte, hvordan og på hvilket grundlag de inddrager hunden i terapien, hvad de oplever, at hunden bidrager med, og hvilke udfordringer de ser. De interviewede fortalte fortrinsvis om terapi med børn og unge, og de gav eksempler på direkte og indirekte måder, hvorpå hunden kunne inddrages. På tværs af terapeutiske tilgange (kognitive, socialpsykologiske og narrative) sås temaer som beroligelse, motivation og styrkelse af den terapeutiske alliance som mulige effekter af hundens tilstedeværelse. Artiklen diskuterer studiets hovedresultater i forhold til den internationale litteratur på området og kommer også ind på forbehold og forhold, der bør tages højde for, hvis man vil inddrage en hund sit psykoterapeutiske arbejde.
Harms to children from men’s heavy drinking: A scoping review
Authors: Hopkins Cassandra , Håvås Haugland Siri , Greenfield Thomas K , Tamutienė Ilona , Hettige Siri , Laslett Anne-Marie 
Published: December 2024

Background: Research has examined a range of impacts of women’s drinking on children. However, fewer studies have addressed the consequences of men’s heavy drinking on children. This review aims to identify and describe the types of behaviours and actions that arise from men's drinking and are likely to cause harm to children and to identify and describe the types of harms that children experience that stem from men's drinking.
Methods: Review articles from 1990 to September 2023 were included. Four health and social databases were searched for reviews that included terms relating to men, alcohol consumption, and child harms. From 1,873 identified articles, 19 articles met the criteria for inclusion.
Results: Four broad topics were identified: relationships and families; violence and maltreatment; and health, social and education outcomes for children. Children may experience both direct and indirect harms associated with men’s drinking. The former includes examples where men’s drinking was linked to disinhibition, aggression, and physical assault. In the latter, men were absent resulting in being unavailable emotionally due to drinking. Internalising and externalising behaviours were common outcomes for children exposed to men’s drinking. Contextual factors such as poverty, cultural norms and patriarchal influences were interrelated and sometimes exacerbated harm to children from men’s drinking.
Conclusions: This review highlights the immediate and longer-lasting consequences of men’s drinking for children, including family conflict, maltreatment, and emotional distress. Future studies should address gender disparities and consider the social factors present in cases where children are exposed to men’s drinking.
Device Physics of the Carrier Transporting Layer in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Xingang , Wang Zi Shuai , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for addressing the energy crisis due to their rapid efficiency improvement up to 24.2% within 10 years. The defects existing in perovskite film have been found to be as low as 1015 cm−3 indicating that the bulk nonradiative recombination loss is very small. The major efficiency loss has been attributed to inefficient carrier transportation and collection, particularly at the interfaces of the carrier transport layers (CTLs). Moreover, the mobile ions that can penetrate into or be blocked by the CTLs have been considered to play a significant role in the determination of device efficiency and stability. The further improvement of the PVSC performances relies on interfacial engineering. Meanwhile, it is highly desirable to gain an in‐depth physical understanding of interfacial engineering in PVSCs. Herein, the recent works on CTLs in planar PVSCs are reviewed and the device physics for designing high‐performance PVSCs is unveiled. This work describes the (1) materials and strategies for efficient CTLs; (2) effects of mobile ions and the influence of CTLs; and (3) theoretical modeling and understanding of PVSCs. This work can, therefore, contribute to designing and improving high‐performance PVSCs for future practical commercialized applications.
Surface Plasmon‐Assisted Transparent Conductive Electrode for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Qi , Chen Jing‐De , Zheng Jia‐Wei , Qu Tian‐Yi , Jin Teng‐Yu , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) possess the extraordinary potential in the applications of portable power sources and wearable electronics because of their superiorities in ease fabrication and efficient power conversion. These features are reinforced when a transparent conductive electrode with good flexibility is achieved. A unique electrode based on Ag periodic mesh (APM) perforated with hexagonal close‐packed nanoholes is proposed, showing a square resistance of ≈19.0 Ω sq−1 and optical transmittance of 66.0% in the whole visible region. PeSCs made on the optimal APM electrode with a rigid glass substrate achieve over twofold of photocurrent as compared to the counterpart on flat Ag film, resulting in a maximum power conversion efficiency of 17.06%. Experimental and theoretical characterizations indicate that the performance enhancement is mainly ascribed to the surface plasmon‐assisted extraordinary transmission enhancement and the scattering of incident light. Furthermore, the APM electrode enables PeSCs that are not only efficient but also highly flexible against bending deformation. Flexible PeSCs on plastic remain 90% of their initial efficiency after 1500 bending cycles with a bending radius of 3.0 mm. It is anticipated that the APM electrode with unique light coupling abilities provides a facile design route to achieving efficient and flexible PeSCs.
Enzyme‐Catalysed Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Amides
Authors: Petchey Mark R. , Grogan Gideon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of the amide bond between an amine and a carboxylic acid is one of the most significant reactions in industrial pharmaceutical synthesis. Despite the apparent simplicity of synthetic methods for amide bond formation, many of these are disadvantaged by their requirement for toxic or hazardous reagents for the activation of the acid component, or poor atom economy resulting from the need for stoichiometric amounts of coupling reagents. In this context, biocatalysis has emerged as an alternative catalytic method for amide bond formation, presenting the advantages of both environmentally benign reagents and conditions and also atom economy. In this review we detail developments in the enzyme‐catalysed preparation of secondary and tertiary amides for the synthesis of pharmaceutical‐type molecules and review the applications of hydrolases, such as lipases and penicillin acylases, to these reactions. We also summarise the activity of ATP‐dependent enzymes for amide bond formation and assess their potential for the preparative synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and amines in aqueous media.magnified image
Rear seating position is associated with a higher risk of mortality in motor vehicle crashes: analysis of Japanese Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Okada Nobunaga , Matsuyama Tasuku , Takebe Kotaro , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Sado Junya , Ohta Bon 
Published: July 2019

AimThe study examined the association of vehicle seating positions with the risk of death in serious motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in Japan.MethodsData from the Japan Trauma Data Bank between 2004 and 2015 were analyzed. All MVC drivers with the legal age for driving and all copassengers were enrolled (n = 23,040). The cases were divided into three groups based on their seating position during the crash: the driver seat, front passenger seat, and rear passenger seats. The primary outcome variable was in‐hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the seating position and in‐hospital mortality. Potential factors associated with each seating position and in‐hospital mortality were also assessed.ResultsThe odds ratios (ORs) for deaths were estimated for front and rear passengers compared to those for the driver in MVCs. The adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval [CI]) for death were 0.96 (0.84–1.11) and 1.22 (1.04–1.42) for front and rear passengers, respectively. Factors significantly associated with MVC deaths were age over 71 years (OR = 3.38; 95% CI, 2.58–4.41), male gender (OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.39–1.71), and night driving (OR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06–1.29).ConclusionsThis hospital‐based study suggested that rear seating increased the risk of MVC‐related death. Further studies are needed in order to find mechanisms of the increase in mortality by the seating position.
Electronic Structure of a Semiconducting Imine‐Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Mishra Vipin , Yadav Vivek K. , Singh Jayant K. , Gopakumar Thiruvancheril G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImine COF (covalent organic framework) based on the Schiff base reaction between p‐phenylenediamine (PDA) and benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxaldehyde (TCA) was prepared on the HOPG‐air (air=humid N2) interface and characterized using different probe microscopies. The role of the molar ratio of TCA and PDA has been explored, and smooth domains of imine COF up to a few μm are formed for a high TCA ratio (>2) compared to PDA. It is also observed that the microscopic roughness of imine COF is strongly influenced by the presence of water (in the reaction chamber) during the Schiff base reaction. The electronic property of imine COF obtained by tunneling spectroscopy and dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculation are comparable and show semiconducting nature with a band gap of ≈1.8 eV. Further, we show that the frontier orbitals are delocalized entirely over the framework of imine COF. The calculated cohesive energy shows that the stability of imine COF is comparable to that of graphene.
Fluorinated Photovoltaic Materials for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Qunping , Méndez‐Romero Ulises A. , Guo Xia , Wang Ergang , Zhang Maojie , Li Yongfang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved a dramatic boost in their power conversion efficiencies from about 6 % to over 16 %. In addition to developments in device engineering, innovative photovoltaic materials, especially fluorinated donors and acceptors, have become the dominant factor for improved device performance. This minireview highlights fluorinated photovoltaic materials that enable efficient OSCs. Impressive OSCs have been obtained by developing some important molds of fluorinated donor and acceptor systems. The molecular design strategy and the matching principle of fluorinated donors and acceptors in OSCs are discussed. Finally, a concise summary and outlook are presented for advances in fluorinated materials to realize the practical application of OSCs.
Social Optimal mean field control problem for population growth model
Authors: Yu Wenguang , Wang Fei , Huang Yujuan , Liu Haodong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a class of social optimal mean field control problem of the population growth model. Suppose a fishpond has N‐fish schools, the population of each of them is described by a geometry Brownian motion, the fisherman is on one hand to minimize the total nourishment investments and on another hand to minimize the expected population level measured by the state average of the population of all fish schools. By solving an optimal control problem involved N‐controls and approximating the state average appearing in the adjoint equation, a series of decentralized controls is designed which have a property of asymptotic social optimality. Finally, a simulation example is given.