СЮЖЕТ О МИТРОПОЛИТЕ ИСИДОРЕ В СИСТЕМЕ АРГУМЕНТАЦИИ СТАРООБРЯДЦЕВ
Authors: Н.С. ГУРЬЯНОВА 
Published: November 2024

В статье представлены результаты анализа сюжета о митрополите Исидоре, который нашел отражение в рукописных сборниках, составленных во второй половине XVII - первой четверти XVIII в. Показано, что соловецкий инок Геронтий сумел отыскать в памятниках письменности сообщения о реальных исторических событиях, связанных с Ферраро-Флорентийским собором, об участии в нем митрополита Исидора, о его предательстве и деятельности после возвращения из Италии в пользу папы Римского. Выговцы в начале XVIII в., опираясь на проделанную им работу, значительно расширили круг цитируемых источников. Сделан вывод, что сюжет об Исидоре получил полное освещение в сборниках и стал важным аргументом в системе доказательства незаконности новшеств, внесенных в обряд и богослужебную практику Русской церкви в результате реформы, начатой патриархом Никоном.
The article presents the result of the analysis of the plot about Metropolitan Isidor, which was reflected in the handwritten collections compiled by the opponents of the church reform in the second half of the XVII - the first quarter of the XVIII centuries. The study of the Old Believers’ appeal to the events of the past in order to find an analogy with the present and to use it as an argument testifying to fairness of the defended point of view on innovations, is an important direction in research of the ideology of the religious and social movement. This determines the relevance of the topic of the article. The analysis of the content of the collection compiled by the Solovetsky monk Geronty provided an opportunity to show that the compiler was able to find and include in the collection some fragments of texts from manuscripts that quite fully describe the events associated with the Council of Ferrara-Florence, the conclusion of the Union there, the betrayal of Orthodoxy by Metropolitan Isidor and his return to Moscow. In the author’s comments to the copied quotes, which were placed on the margin or in the heading annotation, the compiler emphasized the nomination of the four-pointed Cross as a “Latin cross”. In the center of the Pomorsky community, the Vyg community, the Old Believers, compiling the collection in the first quarter of the XVIII century based on the work done by the Solovetsky monk, significantly increased the range of used written monuments. It is noted that the event outline of the plot about Isidor is basically repeated in various written monuments, so the extracts copied by the compilers did not introduce any additional details. For the Old Believers, it was important to emphasize the consistency of the information reported in various sources, so they included fragments of different texts presenting the same facts in the same interpretation. By quoting from various manuscripts, the Vyg monks were able to show that the Tale of Simeon of Suzdal served as a source. It is concluded that the plot about Isidor was fully explained in the collections and became an important argument for the next generations of Old Believers in the system of proving the illegality of innovations introduced into the rite and liturgical practice of the Russian Church as a result of the reform initiated by Patriarch Nikon.