bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser versus LED polymerization: Comparison of in vitro preventive sealing procedures
Authors: Mastrangelo Filiberto , Perraro Isabella , Mattia Sabrina , Troiano Giuseppe , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Polizzi Elisabetta , Chiesa Roberto , Gherlone Enrico , Lo Muzio Lorenzo 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The technique of sealing is a widely accepted procedure for prevention of caries. The aim of our in vitro study was to compare the effect of two different curing units (traditional LED source and innovative laser diode lamp) on the integrity of fissure sealant material and its interface with tooth enamel. Materials and methods: Sixty healthy third molars were randomly assigned to two groups. In group A were teeth intended for polymerization by LED B lamp, and group B comprised teeth to be polymerized by an innovative laser diode. Both groups were treated with the traditional sealing technique, subjected to a metallization process, and analyzed by scanning electron microscope. Results: Micro-gaps between the sealant and the enamel were found in specimens in both A (43%) and B (40%) groups ( p=0.793), and sealant shrinkage was seen. Significant differences between the groups emerged in the percentage of perimetric micro-erosion sites (80% vs. 100%, p=0.010) and the presence of holes and micro-bubbles on the sealant surface (21% vs. 63%, p=0.001). Conclusions: Although macroscopic clinical polymerization occurred with both instruments, the microscopic evaluation showed significant differences between the studied groups in terms of perimetric micro-erosion sites and micro-bubbles, which were higher in laser-cured samples.
Effect of cleansers on denture base resins’ structural properties
Authors: Ozyilmaz Ozgun Yusuf , Akin Ceyda 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: We assessed the effect of different available denture cleansers on the roughness and hardness of polyetherketoneketone, thermoinjection-molded polyamide, and polymethylmethacrylate. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated (10 mm × 2 mm) from these three denture base resins, and divided into five subgroups ( n = 10) according to immersion procedures. One of these groups subjected to distilled water served as control, whereas other groups were subjected to daily cleansing with four denture cleansers (Corega, Protefix, Curaprox, and Perlodent) for 8 h a day for 140 days. The surface roughness and hardness values of specimens were recorded by measuring twice at baseline, and again after application of chemical solutions. Topography alterations after treatments were assessed with scanning electron microscopy. The data were subjected to statistical analysis and comparison among groups was done using Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The surface roughness of polyetherketoneketone, polymethylmethacrylate, and polyamide dentures was increased significantly by chemical solutions of denture cleansers. While the hardness value of polyetherketoneketone was not affected significantly after immersion in denture cleansers, those of polymethylmethacrylate and polyamide decreased significantly. Compared with Curaprox, the effervescent tablets significantly altered the surface hardness and roughness of polyamide. Conclusion: Denture cleansers can considerably alter the surface roughness and hardness of denture base resins and should be used carefully depending on the material.
Polymerization characteristics of colored compomers cured with different LED units
Authors: Bakkal Meltem , Yılmaz Berza , Durmus Ali , Durmus Zehra , Ozalp Serife 
Published: February 2019

Aim: Incomplete polymerization of a resin material used for dental restoration affects the properties of the restoration. We evaluated the structural and mechanical properties of three different colored compomers cured with three different LED units to observe the characteristic changes occurring in different matches. Methods: Polytetrafluoroethylene molds (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were used to prepare disk-shaped sample specimens. Nine sample groups (each of five specimens) were prepared, three each of different compomer resin colors (gold, berry, and silver). Samples were cured using three different LED units (Optima, VALO, and Demi Ultra), according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Microstructural properties of samples were characterized by determining the degree of curing using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and by analyzing sample morphology under a scanning electron microscope. The Vickers hardness, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of the samples were measured to investigate their mechanical properties. Results: The degrees of curing decreased in the order of silver > berry > gold for all curing units. Conversely, gold compomers exhibited poorer mechanical values than the berry and silver counterparts. The Optima 10 unit yielded slightly higher degrees of curing than the other devices, followed by Demi Ultra and VALO light-curing units, respectively. Conclusion: The resin color affected the structural and mechanical properties of the compomers, possibly as a result of the complex interactions and relationships between the irradiation light and resin material, such as light absorbance and reflectance; thus, depending on the color as well as the curing protocol.
Long-term clinical results of the crosse de hockey procedure for recurrent patellar dislocation
Authors: Goshima Kenichi , Sawaguchi Takeshi , Shigemoto Kenji , Iwai Shintaro , Oshima Takeshi 
Published: February 2019

Background: A gold standard procedure has not been established for recurrent patellar dislocation because of multifactorial etiologies. We have been performing crosse de hockey procedure, which is a combination of medial and anterior transfer of the tibial tuberosity, in our institution since 1993. This study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical results of this procedure. Materials and Methods: A total of 19 patients (21 knees) underwent the crosse de hockey procedure for recurrent patellar dislocation. Of these patients, four were lost to follow-up. The remaining 17 knees in 15 patients (5 male and 10 female) were included in this study. The mean follow-up period was 13.2 years (range: 5–22.6 years). Clinical evaluation was performed using the Kujala score. Radiographic indicators, such as modified Insall–Salvati ratio, sulcus angle, congruence angle, tilting angle, lateral shift ratio, and the progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), were measured. Results: Positive apprehension sign and redislocation were not observed in any of the patients. The mean Kujala score was significantly improved from 36.5 ± 18.0 preoperatively to 92.6 ± 9.9 at the final follow-up. Definite OA (a grade 2 or more using the Iwano grading system) was not observed in the patellofemoral joint at the final follow-up. Conclusions: The crosse de hockey procedure showed satisfactory long-term clinical results for recurrent patellar dislocation. This procedure could prevent the progression of patellofemoral OA because of the unloading effect of the patellofemoral joint by anteromedial transfer of the tibial tuberosity.
Fibular nails for open and closed ankle fractures: Results from a non-designer level I major trauma centre
Authors: Al-Obaidi Bilal , Wiik Anatole Vilhelm , Bhattacharyya Rahul , Mushtaq Nadeem , Bhattacharya Rajarshi 
Published: February 2019

Aim: To evaluate the outcome of a fibular nail in the treatment of open and closed unstable ankle fractures in a non-designer centre. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, a total of 39 ankle fractures (14 open and 25 closed) treated with a locking fibular nail were evaluated between 2012 and 2015 in a non-designer level I major trauma centre. Post-operative radiographs were analysed to assess the quality of reduction (McLennan and Ungersma marking system), fracture union and complications. Three patient reported outcome scores (Olerud and Molander score (OMAS), American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) foot and ankle score and 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12)) were collected to obtain an overall measure of the patient’s physical and mental outcome. Results: The adequacy of reduction data was available for 38 of 39 cases; 33 (87%) achieved good, 3 (8%) fair and 2 (5%) poor ratings, based on the McLennan and Ungersma marking system. Thirty-five (12 open and 23 closed) patients were available for initial follow-up. Five (14.3%) of 35 had documented complications (2 of 12 in the open cohort and 3 of 23 in the closed cohort). All fibular fractures treated with the fibular nail went on to unite. Twenty-three (66%) of 35 patients were available at 1-year follow-up for measurement of objective outcome. The combined mean OMAS for both groups was 53.7 (0–85) with statistically better results (59.5 (25–85) vs. 37.3 (0–75)) in favour of the closed versus open injuries, respectively. The mean AAOS score was also statistically better for the closed group than the open, 70.3 (30–95) versus 46.6 (20–77), respectively. The mean SF-12 score (physical component) was 40 (21.6–52.4) in the closed group versus 36.1 (19.4–51.5) in the open group; the mean mental component was 42.5 (26.6–54.3) in the closed group versus 38.8 (28.4–60.5) in the open group, these however were not statistically different. Conclusion: Fibular nails are an effective alternative for the treatment for both closed and open unstable ankle fractures with soft tissue compromise.
Computer navigation has no beneficial effect on blood loss and transfusion in sequential bilateral total knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jhurani Anoop , Agarwal Piyush , Aswal Mukesh , Jain Pramod , Malepati Sricharan , Sharma Ritu 
Published: February 2019

Background: Bilateral total knee arthroplasty is associated with significant blood loss. Postoperative anaemia retards patients recovery, and blood transfusion increases the risk for major complications including infection. While strategies like hypotensive anaesthesia, tranexamic acid, bone wax and so on are useful to conserve blood, navigation has also shown to decrease blood loss and transfusion in unilateral knee arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to compare the blood loss and transfusion in sequential bilateral knee arthroplasty performed with or without navigation. Materials and methods: A retrospective case control cohort study of sequential bilateral knee arthroplasties was performed between 2 groups of 77 patients each, group N operated with navigation and group M operated without navigation. Both groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. All patients were operated with similar surgical technique. The two cohorts were compared for blood loss calculated by three reliable methods. Results: The preoperative haemoglobin (Hb) in group N was 12.83 ± 1.32 and group M was 12.58 ± 1.33 ( p = 0.24). The postoperative Hb taken day 4 before any blood transfusions was 8.60 ± 1.24 in group N and 8.54 ± 1.16 in group M ( p = 0.75). The average fall in Hb was 4.23 ± 1.08 in group N and 4.04 ± 1.19 in group M ( p = 0.31). There was no difference in blood loss between group N and M in all three methods; Gross equation ( p = 0.56), Hb dilution ( p = 0.24) and Hb balance ( p = 0.20). Need for blood transfusion was similar in group N and M ( p = 0.56). Conclusion: Blood loss and transfusion are equivalent in sequential bilateral total knee arthroplasty perform with or without navigation.
European Stroke Organisation (ESO) – European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) Guidelines on Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischaemic StrokeEndorsed by Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE)
Authors: Turc Guillaume , Bhogal Pervinder , Fischer Urs , Khatri Pooja , Lobotesis Kyriakos , Mazighi Mikaël , Schellinger Peter D. , Toni Danilo , de Vries Joost , White Philip , Fiehler Jens 
Published: February 2019

Background Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the cornerstone of acute ischaemic stroke management in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). The aim of this guideline document is to assist physicians in their clinical decisions with regard to MT. Methods These Guidelines were developed based on the standard operating procedure of the European Stroke Organisation and followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. An interdisciplinary working group identified 15 relevant questions, performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence, and wrote evidence based recommendations. Expert opinion was provided if not enough evidence was available to provide recommendations based on the GRADE approach. Results We found high quality evidence to recommend MT plus best medical management (BMM, including intravenous thrombolysis whenever indicated) to improve functional outcome in patients with LVO-related acute ischaemic stroke within 6 hours after symptom onset. We found moderate quality of evidence to recommend MT plus BMM in the 6-24h time window in patients meeting the eligibility criteria of published randomized trials. These guidelines further detail aspects of prehospital management, patient selection based on clinical and imaging characteristics, and treatment modalities. Conclusions MT is the standard of care in patients with LVO-related acute stroke. Appropriate patient selection and timely reperfusion are crucial. Further randomized trials are needed to inform clinical decision making with regard to the mothership and drip-and-ship approaches, anesthaesia modalities during MT, and to determine whether MT is beneficial in patients with low stroke severity or large infarct volume.
Adsorption of 5-aminosalicylic acid on kaolinite surfaces at a molecular level
Authors: Awad Mahmoud E. , Escamilla-Roa Elizabeth , Borrego-Sánchez Ana , Viseras César , Hernández-Laguna Alfonso , Sainz-Díaz C. Ignacio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe application of clay minerals in therapeutics is becoming important due to their structural and surface physicochemical properties. 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a very common pharmaceutical drug and is used worldwide. The interactions between the 5-ASA molecule and both the aluminol and siloxane surfaces of kaolinite are studied by means of atomistic calculations using force fields based on empirical interatomic potentials and quantum mechanics calculations based on density functional theory. A conformational analysis of 5-ASA has been performed and the anion of 5-ASA was also studied. The calculated adsorption energy values indicate that 5-ASA is likely to be adsorbed on the kaolinite surfaces with greater affinity to the aluminol surface. Hence, kaolinite may be considered as a promising pharmaceutical carrier of 5-ASA.
Lipuite, a new manganese phyllosilicate mineral from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa
Authors: Gu Xiangping , Yang Hexiong , Xie Xiande , van Nieuwenhuizen Jaco J. , Downs Robert T. , Evans Stanley H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new phyllosilicate mineral, lipuite (IMA2014-085), has been discovered from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. It occurs as platy, tabular, or granular crystals and veined agglomerate in association with Mn-bearing sugilite, taniajacoite, pectolite, richterite, norrishite and namansilite. Lipuite is dark red–brown with vitreous lustre, red streak, an estimated Mohs hardness of 5 and the measured density is 2.83(3) g/cm3. It is biaxial (+) and characterised by bright red to dark red colour in thin section with measured refractive indices in white light: α = 1.635(1), β = 1.653(1), γ = 1.670(1) and 2V = 86(2)°. The Raman spectra of lipuite are composed of over 21 bands at 109, 146, 162, 183, 206, 244, 288, 342, 362, 455, 496, 520, 552, 613, 669, 886, 930, 971, 1097, 3487 and 3540 cm–1. The empirical formula from microprobe analyses is (based on total number of cations = 27.5 and structural refinement): K1.12Na8.16(Mn4.77Fe0.07)Σ4.84Mg0.44[Si11.97O30(OH)4](PO4)0.94O2(OH)2·4H2O. The idealised formula is: KNa8Mn3+5Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O.Lipuite is orthorhombic, space groupPnnm,a= 9.080(3),b= 12.222(3),c= 17.093(5) Å,V= 1897.0(9) Å3andZ= 2. The strongest powder X-ray diffraction peaks [d, Å (I) (hkl)] are: 9.965(40)(011), 2.938(33)(310), 2.895(100)(311), 2.777(38)(224), 2.713(53)(320), 2.483(32)(126), 2.086(35)(046) and 1.534(40)(446). The crystal structure of lipuite is characterised by sheets of SiO4tetrahedra that are linked together along [010] by K+, Na+, Mn3+, Mg2+and P5+cations, as well as hydrogen bonds. These tetrahedral sheets consist of 14-membered rings of SiO4tetrahedra that zigzag along [100]. The two independent Mn3+cations are both octahedrally coordinated. They form five-membered, edge-shared octahedral clusters between the SiO4tetrahedral sheets. Lipuite represents a rather unique structure type and its silicate tetrahedral sheets can be considered a derivative of the silicate sheets in mica.
HMGA2 promotes long-term engraftment and myeloerythroid differentiation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Beck Dominik , Galeev Roman , Thoms Julie A. I. , Talkhoncheh Mehrnaz Safaee , de Jong Ineke , Unnikrishnan Ashwin , Baudet Aurélie , Subramaniam Agatheeswaran , Pimanda John E. , Larsson Jonas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Identification of determinants of fate choices in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is essential to improve the clinical use of HSCs and to enhance our understanding of the biology of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we show that high-mobility group AT hook 2 (HMGA2), a nonhistone chromosomal-binding protein, is highly and preferentially expressed in HSCs and in the most immature progenitor cell subset of fetal, neonatal, and adult human hematopoiesis. Knockdown of HMGA2 by short hairpin RNA impaired the long-term hematopoietic reconstitution of cord blood (CB)–derived CB CD34+ cells. Conversely, overexpression of HMGA2 in CB CD34+ cells led to overall enhanced reconstitution in serial transplantation assays accompanied by a skewing toward the myeloerythroid lineages. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that enforced HMGA2 expression in CD34+ cells induced gene-expression signatures associated with differentiation toward megakaryocyte-erythroid and myeloid lineages, as well as signatures associated with growth and survival, which at the protein level were coupled with strong activation of AKT. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a key role of HMGA2 in regulation of both proliferation and differentiation of human HSPCs.
Daily light-and-darkness onset regulates mouse hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Golan Karin , Lapidot Tsvee 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this issue’s Blood Advances Talk, Lapidot and Golan discuss how changes in daily light regulate hematopoiesis. This fascinating mechanism helps control the process of maintaining the hematopoietic stem cell pool while promoting sufficient differentiation to supply adequate numbers of functional blood cells. We hope you enjoy listening to this interesting topic.
Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in adults: phenotype and genotype findings from a clinically derived cohort
Authors: Underwood Jack F. G. , Kendall Kimberley M. , Berrett Jennifer , Lewis Catrin , Anney Richard , van den Bree Marianne B. M. , Hall Jeremy 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe past decade has seen the development of services for adults presenting with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the UK. Compared with children, little is known about the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of these patients.AimsThis e-cohort study aimed to examine the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of a clinically presenting sample of adults diagnosed with ASD by specialist services.MethodIndividuals diagnosed with ASD as adults were recruited by the National Centre for Mental Health and completed self-report questionnaires, interviews and provided DNA; 105 eligible individuals were matched to 76 healthy controls. We investigated demographics, social history and comorbid psychiatric and physical disorders. Samples were genotyped, copy number variants (CNVs) were called and polygenic risk scores were calculated.ResultsOf individuals with ASD, 89.5% had at least one comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, with depression (62.9%) and anxiety (55.2%) being the most common. The ASD group experienced more neurological comorbidities than controls, particularly migraine headache. They were less likely to have married or be in work, and had more alcohol-related problems. There was a significantly higher load of autism common genetic variants in the adult ASD group compared with controls, but there was no difference in the rate of rare CNVs.ConclusionsThis study provides important information about psychiatric comorbidity in adult ASD, which may inform clinical practice and patient counselling. It also suggests that the polygenic load of common ASD-associated variants may be important in conferring risk within the non-intellectually disabled population of adults with ASD.Declaration of interestNone.
A View Inside Corporate Risk Management
Authors: Bodnar Gordon M. , Giambona Erasmo , Graham John R. , Harvey Campbell R. 
Published: February 2019

Why do firms manage risk? According to various theories, firms hedge to mitigate credit rationing, to alleviate information asymmetry, and to reduce the risk of financial distress. However, empirical support for these theories is mixed. Our paper addresses the “why” by directly asking the managers that make risk management decisions. Our results suggest that personal risk aversion in combination with other executive traits plays a key role in hedging. Our analysis also indicates that risk-averse executives are more likely to rely on (more conservative) fat-tailed distributions to estimate risk exposure. While most theories of risk management ignore the human dimension, our results suggest that managerial traits play an important role. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Simulation-Based Travel Time Reliable Signal Control
Authors: Chen Xiao , Osorio Carolina , Santos Bruno Filipe 
Published: February 2019

This paper addresses a travel time reliable signal control problem. Travel time distributional estimates are obtained from a stochastic microscopic traffic simulator. The estimates are embedded within a simulation-based optimization algorithm. Analytical approximations of the simulated metrics are combined with the simulated data in order to enhance the computational efficiency of the algorithm. The signal control problems are formulated based on the expectation and the standard deviation of travel time metrics. The proposed approach goes beyond the traditional use of first-order simulated information, it addresses a problem that embeds higher-order distributional information. It is used to solve a large-scale signal control problem. The approach addresses these challenging simulation-based optimization problems in a computationally efficient manner. Its performance is compared to that of a traditional simulation-based optimization approach. The proposed method systematically outperforms the traditional approach. Such an approach can be used to inform the design and operations of transportation systems by, for instance, addressing reliable and/or robust formulations of traditional transportation problems. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0812 .