bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of between‐limb asymmetry in muscle mass, strength, and power on functional capacity in healthy older adults
Authors: Mertz Kenneth H. , Reitelseder Søren , Jensen Mikkel , Lindberg Jonas , Hjulmand Morten , Schucany Aide , Binder Andersen Søren , Bechshoeft Rasmus L. , Jakobsen Markus D. , Bieler Theresa , Beyer Nina , Lindberg Nielsen Jakob , Aagaard Per , Holm Lars 
Published: July 2019

PurposeNumerous daily tasks such as walking and rising from a chair involve bilateral lower limb movements. During such tasks, lower extremity function (LEF) may be compromised among older adults. LEF may be further impaired due to high degrees of between‐limb asymmetry. The present study investigated the prevalence of between‐limb asymmetry in muscle mass, strength, and power in a cohort of healthy older adults and examined the influence of between‐limb asymmetry on LEF.MethodsTwo hundred and eight healthy older adults (mean age 70.2 ± 3.9 years) were tested for LEF (400 m walking and 30‐seconds chair stand). Furthermore, maximal isometric and dynamic knee extensor strength, leg extensor power, and lower limb lean tissue mass (LTM) were obtained unilaterally.ResultsMean between‐limb asymmetry in maximal muscle strength and power ranged between 10% and 13%, whereas LTM asymmetry was 3 ± 2.3%. Asymmetry in dynamic knee extensor strength was larger for women compared with men (15.0 ± 11.8% vs 11.1 ± 9.5%; P = .005) Leg strength and power were positively correlated with LEF (r2 = .43‐.46, P < .001). The weakest leg was not a stronger predictor of LEF than the strongest leg. Between‐limb asymmetry in LTM and isometric strength was negatively associated with LEF (LTM; r2 = .12, P = .005, isometric peak torque; r2 = 0.40, P = .03.) but dynamic strength and power were not.ConclusionThe present study supports the notion that in order to improve or maintain LEF, healthy older adults should participate in training interventions that increase muscle strength and power, whereas the effects of reducing between‐limb asymmetry in these parameters might be of less importance.
Investigating the construct of motor competence in middle childhood using the BOT‐2 Short Form: An item response theory perspective
Authors: Bardid Farid , Utesch Till , Lenoir Matthieu 
Published: July 2019

PurposeMotor assessments generally produce a single motor competence score based on the general motor ability hypothesis, which states that motor competence is a one‐dimensional trait underlying a wide range of motor skills. Yet, it is unclear whether the general motor ability hypothesis holds true in middle childhood, which is marked by an increased participation in sports and other types of physical activity. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the structure of motor competence in middle childhood using a test battery with a large item set.MethodA cross‐sectional design was used to collect motor competence data of 2538 children aged 6‐11 years. Participants completed the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency—2nd Edition Short Form (BOT‐2 SF), which consists of 14 skill items and covers different motor domains. In accordance with the BOT‐2 SF manual, point scores were computed for each item. Polytomous Rasch analyses (ie, general partial credit model) were carried out to investigate the construct of motor competence.ResultsRasch analyses revealed different items with unordered threshold parameters, due to ceiling effects. However, after empirically rescaling the category width for each item, follow‐up analyses revealed a one‐dimensional structure with 12 items.ConclusionThe study provides some evidence of a one‐dimensional construct (ie, motor competence) underlying motor assessment in middle childhood. Continued efforts should be made to ensure that valid composite scores are used in motor assessment and to better understand the development of motor competence across childhood and into adolescence and adulthood.
Resistance training reduces depressive symptoms in elderly people with Parkinson disease: A controlled randomized study
Authors: de Lima Tiago Alencar , Ferreira-Moraes Renilson , Alves Wilson Mateus Gomes da Costa , Alves Thiago Gonçalves Gibson , Pimentel Clebson Pantoja , Sousa Evitom Corrêa , Abrahin Odilon , Cortinhas‐Alves Erik Artur 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDepression affects up to 40% of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).PurposeTo assess resistance training effects on the depressive symptoms of elderly PD patients.Study designA randomized control study.MethodsThirty‐three patients (aged ≥ 60 years) were randomly divided into two groups: (a) control group: n = 16 and (b) resistance training group (RTG): n = 17. All patients with Parkinson's disease (stage 1‐3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale). The RTG, in addition to maintaining their pharmacological treatments, performed 20 weeks of resistance training. The control group maintained their pharmacological treatments. Depressive symptoms, quality of life, unified Parkinson's Disease scale, and functional capacity were evaluated in both groups.ResultsThe RTG presented a significant reduction (P < .05) of depressive symptoms (pre = 17.9 ± 8 score; post = 10.3 ± 6 score; effect size: −0.48), improved quality of life (pre = 40.3 ± 21.1 score; post = 30.2 ± 16.8 score; effect size: −0.26), and improved UPDRS (pre = 64 ± 34.6 score; post = 49.1 ± 24.1 score; effect size: −0.24). No significant changes in the control group regarding depressive symptoms (pre = 18.7 ± 5.4 score; post = 19.4 ± 5.2 score; effect size: 0.07), quality of life (pre = 39 ± 16.1 score; post = 40.6 ± 15.6 score; effect size: 0.05), and UPDRS (pre = 61.1 ± 24.3 score; post = 64.9 ± 23.4 score; effect size: 0.08) after 20 weeks.ConclusionResistance training reduces depressive symptoms and improves the quality of life and functionality of elderly with PD.
Integration and differentiation of self through reminiscing and narrative
Authors: Fivush Robyn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHumans construct coherence and meaning in their lives through reminiscing with and about others. The four articles in this Social Development Quartet focus on how reminiscing about emotionally and morally challenging personal experiences is a critical mechanism for integration and differentiation across development, both within the individual and within sociocultural interactions. Examining linguistic forms, emotional disclosure, expressions of perspective, and personal growth, these studies demonstrate that the ways in which we reminisce about our personal past with others matter for developmental outcome. Both the ways in which individuals differentiate between self and other, and between different types of events, and the ways in which individuals integrate perspectives across different types of events is related to emotional well‐being.
Does Predisposition Toward Disgust Affect Emotional Response to Political Leaders? Evidence from the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Stewart Patrick A. , George Jamilah R. , Adams Thomas 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveWe explore the effects of trait disgust sensitivity and induced disgust on emotional response to political leaders. We assert that disgust sensitivity, especially in response to pathogen‐based stimuli (e.g., insects, feces, and vomit), will affect an individual's interaction with his or her political environment, including political leaders.MethodsWe analyze the effect of individual predispositions in response to stimuli indicating the presence of pathogens on emotional response to President Barack Obama, as well as his Republican challenger during the 2012 election, Mitt Romney. Study 1 utilizes cross‐sectional data to determine how disgust sensitivity relates to how President Obama made respondents feel. Study 2 analyzes experimental data considering the effect of a disgusting odorant (butyric acid) on emotional response to Obama and Romney.ResultsFindings suggest disgust plays an important role in emotional response to political leaders both through trait sensitivity and when induced and it is particularly relevant to emotional responses to President Obama.ConclusionsDisgust, both as a trait sensitivity and as experimentally induced by an odorant, influences emotional response to the political environment, including high‐profile political leaders.
Ultrasonographic size of the canine parathyroid gland may not correlate with histopathology
Authors: Secrest Scott , Grimes Janet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAccurate ultrasonographic differentiation of normal versus abnormal parathyroid glands is important for clinical workup and presurgical screening in dogs with hypercalcemia. In previous published studies, size has been the only ultrasonographic criterion correlated with histologic diagnoses of abnormal parathyroid glands. In this retrospective, cross‐sectional study, the medical records of dogs with ultrasonographic examinations of the parathyroid glands and histologic diagnoses of parathyroid gland hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma were evaluated. Ultrasonographic characteristics were recorded for each gland and compared among histologic diagnosis groups. A total of 49 dogs and 59 parathyroid glands were sampled and assigned to the following groups for analyses: adenoma (n = 24), hyperplastic (n = 20), and adenocarcinoma (n = 15). There were no associations with dog age, sex, weight, breed; or gland laterality, location, ultrasonographic shape, or echogenicity among histologic diagnosis groups (P > .05). Parathyroid gland adenocarcinomas were found to be less likely to have a homogeneous echotexture on ultrasonographic evaluation, with hyperplastic glands being smaller (P = .022) and adenocarcinomas being larger (P = .042). While 3 mm was the optimum cutoff for differentiating hyperplastic and neoplastic parathyroid glands in this sample of dogs, values varied widely within groups and there were overlapping values between groups. Therefore, authors caution against using ultrasonographic size as a sole criterion for differentiating hyperplasia from neoplasia and normal versus abnormal parathyroid glands.
Equine cervical intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with location and MRI features
Authors: Veraa Stefanie , Bergmann Wilhelmina , Wijnberg Inge D. , Back Willem , Vernooij Hans , Nielen Mirjam , van den Belt Antoon‐Jan M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMorphology of the equine cervical intervertebral disc is different from that in humans and small companion animals and published imaging data are scarcely available. The objectives of this exploratory, methods comparison study were (a) to describe MRI features of macroscopically nondegenerated and degenerated intervertebral discs (b) to test associations between spinal location and macroscopic degeneration or MRI‐detected annular protrusion and between MRI‐detected annular protrusion and macroscopic degeneration, and (c) to define MRI sequences for characterizing equine cervical intervertebral disc degeneration. Ex vivo MRI of intervertebral discs was performed in 11 horses with clinical signs related to the cervical region prior to macroscopic assessment. Mixed‐effect logistic regression modeling included spinal location, MRI‐detected annular protrusion, and presence of macroscopic degeneration with “horse” as random effect. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were determined. Reduced signal intensity in proton density turbo SE represented intervertebral disc degeneration. Signal voids due to presence of gas and/or hemorrhage were seen in gradient echo sequences. Presence of macroscopic intervertebral disc degeneration was significantly associated with spinal location with odds being higher in the caudal (C5 to T1) versus cranial (C2 to C5) part of the cervical vertebral column. Intervertebral discs with MRI‐detected annular protrusion grades 2‐4 did have higher odds than with grade 1 to have macroscopic degeneration. It was concluded that MRI findings corresponded well with gross macroscopic data. Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine cervical intervertebral disc seems to be a promising technique, but its potential clinical value for live horses needs to be explored further in a larger and more diverse population of horses.
Cluster structures in Schubert varieties in the Grassmannian
Authors: Serhiyenko K. , Sherman‐Bennett M. , Williams L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article we explain how the coordinate ring of each (open) Schubert variety in the Grassmannian can be identified with a cluster algebra, whose combinatorial structure is encoded using (target labelings of) Postnikov's plabic graphs. This result generalizes a theorem of Scott [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 92 (2006) 345–380] for the Grassmannian, and proves a folklore conjecture for Schubert varieties that has been believed by experts since Scott's result [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 92 (2006) 345–380], though the statement was not formally written down until Muller–Speyer explicitly conjectured it [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 115 (2017) 1014–1071]. To prove this conjecture we use a result of Leclerc [Adv. Math. 300 (2016) 190–228] who used the module category of the preprojective algebra to prove that coordinate rings of many Richardson varieties in the complete flag variety can be identified with cluster algebras. Our proof also uses a construction of Karpman [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 142 (2016) 113–146] to build plabic graphs associated to reduced expressions. We additionally generalize our result to the setting of skew‐Schubert varieties; the latter result uses generalized plabic graphs, that is, plabic graphs whose boundary vertices need not be labeled in cyclic order.
Quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure and an implanted left ventricular assist device: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Abrams Dorothy , McNair Mary 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of implanted left ventricular assist devices on quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure.

Introduction:
Approximately 500,000 patients worldwide are diagnosed with advanced heart failure. The preferred treatment for patients who remain symptomatic after standard medical treatment is heart transplantation. However, due to the shortage of donor organs, left ventricular assist devices are increasingly used as an alternative. This umbrella review is necessary to advise clinicians so they may provide patients and families with clear information on standard medical treatment, implanted left ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation.

Inclusion criteria:
This umbrella review will consider research syntheses that include patients 16 years or over with advanced heart failure and an implanted left ventricular assist device. The primary outcome is quality of life, and secondary outcomes include patient survival rates and the New York Heart Association functional classification changes.

Methods:
An initial search of PubMed and CINAHL has been undertaken to identify articles and create a search strategy. Retrieved articles will be screened against the inclusion criteria. Included studies will be critically appraised for methodological quality according to JBI umbrella review methodology, and data will be extracted using the standardized JBI data extraction tool. The results will be presented in a Summary of Evidence, and a GRADE Summary of Findings will be produced for grading the quality of the evidence.
Dynamic Modeling and Fuel Consumption Potential of an Intercooled Regenerative Reheat Gas Turbine Auxiliary Power Unit on Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Bou Nader Wissam , Breque Florent , Mazloum Youssef , Dumand Clément , Nemer Maroun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Gas turbine systems are among potential energy converters to substitute the internal combustion engine in future series hybrid electric vehicle. Fuel consumption of these powertrains strongly relies on the energy converter efficiency, the energy management strategy deployed on-board as well as on the transient operation during start-up phase. This paper presents a dynamic modeling and the fuel consumption calculation of an intercooled regenerative reheat gas turbine system used as an auxiliary power unit on a series hybrid electric vehicle. A vehicle model is developed and an optimization method is proposed to optimize the powertrain operation. It consists of using the dynamic programing as an energy management strategy in order to minimize the fuel consumption and the number of switching On/Off of the power unit. Fuel consumption simulations are performed on the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle while considering the electric and the thermal comfort vehicle energetic needs. Then, a gas turbine dynamic model is developed, where turbomachinery and heat exchanger components are modeled by taking into account their dynamic inertias. The efficiency, the power, and the fuel consumption are calculated during transient operations. Based on the optimization results of switching ON and OFF the system, the fuel consumption dynamic simulation results are considered instead of the dynamic programming results. A constant power start-up strategy and a constant fuel strategy were investigated. Results show an increase in fuel consumption between 2.4% and 3.8% with the first start-up scenario and between 5.7% and 6.4% with the second scenario, compared with static model.
Robust Adaptive Tracking Control of Uncertain Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Robot
Authors: Brahmi Brahim , Brahmi Abdelkrim , Saad Maarouf , Gauthier Guy , Habibur Rahman Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Rehabilitation robots have become an influential tool in physiotherapy treatment because they are able to provide intensive rehabilitation treatment over a long period of time. However, this technology still suffers from various problems such as dynamic uncertainties, external disturbances, and human–robot interaction. In this paper, we propose a robust adaptive control approach of an exoskeleton robot with an unknown dynamic model and external disturbances. First, the dynamics of the exoskeleton's arm is presented. Then, we design a robust adaptive sliding mode control in which the parameter uncertainties and the disturbances are estimated by the adaptive update methods. The proposed control ensures a good tracking of the system with a finite time convergence of sliding surface to zero. Throughout this paper, the designed control law and the global stability analysis are formulated and demonstrated based on the appropriate choice of the candidate Lyapunov function. The experimental and comparative results, performed for seven degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) exoskeleton arm with three healthy subjects to track a passive rehabilitation motion, confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control law compared with conventional adaptive approach.
Use of mobile apps and technologies in child and adolescent mental health: a systematic review
Authors: Punukollu Mallika , Marques Mafalda 
Published: July 2019

QuestionThis review will aim to critically evaluate the currently available literature concerning the use of online mobile-based applications and interventions in the detection, management and maintenance of children and young people’s mental health and well-being.Study selection and analysisA systematic literature search of six electronic databases was conducted for relevant publications until May 2019, with keywords pertaining to mental health, well-being and problems, mobile or internet apps or interventions and age of the study population. The resulting titles were screened and the remaining 92 articles were assessed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total of 4 studies included in the final review.FindingsIn general, young people seem to engage very well with this type of tools, and they demonstrate some positive effects in emotional self-awareness. There have been some studies about this issue and many of the outcomes were notstatistically significant. However, it is still a sparsely documented area, and more research is needed in order to prove these effects.ConclusionsMental health apps directed at young people have the potential to be important assessment, management and treatment tools, therefore creating easier access to health services, helping in the prevention of mental health issues and capacitating to self-help in case of need. However, a limited number of studies are currently available, and further assessments should be made in order to determine the outcomes of this type of interventions.
114 Cognitive impairment in the community: a 16-month audit study of a neurology memory clinic in the inner sydney region
Authors: Rigney Louise , Chen Lily , Selby Alexis , Patel Tejas , Hwang Yun T , Mobbs Anthony ED , Mobbs Rowena EA 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionNeurodegenerative disease is increasingly common, but neurology service utilisation by this population is unclear. This study presents an integrated metropolitan neurology clinic as a model of care, and examines care pathways and characteristics in patients with cognitive decline.MethodsAn audit of patients with dementia (n=136,51–96 yr,M:F1.1:1) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)(n=28,56–83 yr,M:F0.6:1) over a 16 month period was performed using retrospective analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical information and frailty measures.ResultsThe average duration of cognitive decline at presentation was 2.7 years in dementia (n=135,M=3.1,F=2.3) and 1.5 years MCI (n=28,M=1.7,F=1.3). Average age of patients with newly diagnosed dementia was 72 (M:F0.96:1) and MCI 70 (M:F1.03:1) with Alzheimer’s disease in 86(64%) dementia with Lewy bodies 13(10%) frontotemporal dementia 11(8%) and distinct overlap syndromes in 7(5%). Depression was associated with younger age at diagnosis(ave.60) versus anxiety(74) and agitation(75). Psychosis was in 14(10%) REM sleep behaviour disorder 6(5%). In the 12 months prior, falls were seen in 30(22%) and weight loss 29(21%). Allied health input occurred in 81% of dementia versus 68% MCI cases.ConclusionsDelay in diagnosis from first clinical manifestation, high rate of psychological and medical comorbidity, presence of overlap syndromes, and allied health requirement, support the need for integrated neurological services in dementia.