bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Halide Perovskite/Semiconductor Core/Shell Quantum Dots with Ultrastability and Nonblinking Properties
Authors: Tang Xiaosheng , Yang Jie , Li Shiqi , Liu Zhengzheng , Hu Zhiping , Hao Jiongyue , Du Juan , Leng Yuxin , Qin Haiyan , Lin Xing , Lin Yue , Tian Yuxi , Zhou Miao , Xiong Qihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe further practical applications of halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are blocked by problems of instability and nonradiative Auger recombination manifested as photoluminescence blinking. Here, single core/shell structured perovskite semiconductor QDs are successfully fabricated by capping CsPbBr3 QD core with CdS shell. It is demonstrated that CsPbBr3/CdS core/shell QDs exhibit ultrahigh chemical stability and nonblinking photoluminescence with high quantum yield due to the reduced electronic traps within the core/shell structure. Efficiency of amplified spontaneous emission exhibits obvious enhancement compared to that of pure CsPbBr3 QDs, originating from the mitigated competition between stimulated emission and suppressed nonradiative biexciton Auger recombination. Furthermore, low‐threshold whispering‐gallery‐mode lasing with a high‐quality factor is achieved by incorporating CsPbBr3/CdS QDs into microtubule resonators. Density functional theory (DFT)‐based first‐principles calculations are also performed to reveal the atomic interface structure, which supports the existence of CsPbBr3/CdS structure. An interesting feature of spatially separated charge density at CsPbBr3/CdS interface is found, which may greatly contribute to the suppressed Auger recombination. The results provide a practical approach to improve the stability and suppress the blinking of halide perovskite QDs, which may pave the way for future applications for various optoelectronic devices.
Boost the Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators through Circuit Oscillation
Authors: Xu Sixing , Ding Wenbo , Guo Hengyu , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) which harvests ubiquitous ambient mechanical energy is a promising power source that can meet the distributed energy demand in the internet of things, wearable electronics, etc. However, the available output of TENG is severely limited by the saturated polarized charge density, small intrinsic capacitance, and large matching impedance. Herein, an effective power management strategy is proposed that flips the free charges on the conductive layer through a controlled LC oscillating circuit composed of the diode, switch, inductor, and the intrinsic capacitor of TENG. In this way, the equivalent charge density reaches a level higher than the saturated polarized charge density. The simulation and experiments show that the limit of energy output can be exceeded under arbitrary load resistance, especially for the low‐impedance common electronics. It is believed that such a general, low‐cost, and highly effective strategy can further broaden the applications of TENG devices across the fields and probably be a new performance evaluation standard for TENG.
Animal Model of Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Authors: Langston Michael , Grobman Ariel , Goncalves Stefania , Angeli Simon I. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTChronic tympanic membrane perforations (TMP) can be a source of significant morbidity from hearing loss, recurrent middle ear infections, changes in lifestyle, and risk of cholesteatoma formation. Laboratory experiments of TMP have been fraught by the rapid and high rate of spontaneous healing observed in animal models. There is controversy on the minimal time that perforations in animal models must have in order to be considered chronic TMP and thus have clinical relevance, with authors suggesting time periods of perforation patency of 8–12 weeks. In this article, we sought to create a clinically significant experimental model that could yield a high rate of perforation patency for at least 8 weeks. Animals undergoing acute TMP were exposed to three different experimental situations to delay the healing of the perforation: fractionated radiation, topical lipopolysaccharide application, and a combined dexamethasone and mitomycin C (DXM/MC) solution. In our study, the use of DXM/MC reliably produced TMP lasting at least 8 weeks in 86.48% of the cases without the need to reopen the perforation, infolding the edges of the membrane, or using physical barriers to prevent TMP closure. Histologically, the resulting perforated tympanum showed hyaline changes of the remnant tympanum and hyperkeratosis of the squamous epithelia of the external auditory canal. We believe that this model is reproducible and has potential use in experiments of delayed healing of TMP. Anat Rec, 303:619–625, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
The Generation of Zebrafish Mariner Model Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Zou Bing , Desmidt Alexandra A. , Mittal Rahul , Yan Denise , Richmond Micheal , Tekin Mustafa , Liu Xue Zhong , Lu Zhongmin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTargeted genome editing mediated by clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) technology has emerged as a powerful tool for gene function studies and has great potential for gene therapy. Although CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely used in many research fields, only a few successful zebrafish models have been established using this technology in hearing research. In this study, we successfully created zebrafish mariner mutants by targeting the motor head domain of Myo7aa using CRISPR/Cas9. The CRISPR/Cas9‐generated mutants showed unbalanced swimming behavior and disorganized sterocilia of inner ear hair cells, which resemble the phenotype of the zebrafish mariner mutants. In addition, we found that CRISPR/Cas9‐generated mutants have reduced number of stereociliary bundles of inner ear hair cells and have significant hearing loss. Furthermore, phenotypic analysis was performed on F0 larvae within the first week post fertilization, which dramatically shortens data collection period. Therefore, results of this study showed that CRISPR/Cas9 is a quick and effective method to generate zebrafish mutants as a model for studying human genetic deafness. Anat Rec, 303:556–562, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Dynamic mechanism for the evolution and rapid intensification of Typhoon Hato (2017)
Authors: Zhang Renwen , Huangfu Jingliang , Hu Ting 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the evolution of Typhoon Hato (1713) and analyzed the inner dynamics of its rapid intensification. The moving path of Hato was controlled by the southwestern part of the western Pacific subtropical high which extended westward significantly. Due to a relatively steady leading steering flow, the trajectory of Hato showed a straight ESE to WNW direction, leading to disastrous rainfall in southern Guangdong Province on 23 August before and after the landfall of the typhoon. In addition, Typhoon Hato exhibited a rapid intensification period from 3 to 13 o'clock on 23 August, with central wind speeds increasing from 35 to 48 m/s. This study mainly examined the inner dynamics of the development of Hato, especially its rapid intensification period. The regression analysis results showed that Hato was generated and developed under a TD‐type‐like wave. The coupled convection and vortex provided a favorable environment for the development of Hato. The analysis of the barotropic eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and latent heat flux further demonstrated this scenario. The results showed that the regions with a positive EKE tendency and strong latent heat release were consistent with the reach of and shifted westward with Hato. The EKE conversion was enhanced significantly on 23 August, with a maximum intensity observed over the northern South China Sea and southern Guangdong Province. The mean kinetic energy was largely converted to EKE, which, together with the great latent heat release, led to the rapid intensification of Hato.
Sprengvortrieb und Spezialtiefbau in Göteborg
Authors: Baum Nikolas , Boxheimer Sascha , Krause Daniel , Renz Florian , Hoffmann Björn , Wächter Jörg , Klingeberg Thorsten 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDie wachsende Wirtschaft und die Bevölkerung in der Metropolregion Göteborg machen Infrastrukturmaßnahmen für die zweitgrößte Stadt Schwedens unumgänglich. Als Teilprojekt der westschwedischen Vereinbarung, die u. a. auch den Bau des Marienholmtunnels und den Neubau der Hising Brücke beinhaltet, wird im Zuge der „Westanbindung Göteborg“ (Göteborg Västlänken) eine neue Eisenbahnlinie für Pendler‐ und Regionalzüge erstellt und voraussichtlich im Jahr 2026 in Betrieb gehen. Neben den zwei neuen Stationen Haga und Korsvägen wird die bestehende Station Centralen durch das 8 km lange Infrastrukturprojekt erweitert. Die drei Bahnhöfe befinden sich in Lockergesteinsbereichen, die zum einen aus dem Lera‐Ton und zum anderen aus eiszeitlichen Ablagerungen und Moräne bestehen, während 6 km der Strecke in Tunnellage im Sprengvortrieb im schwedischen Metabasit, Gneis und Pegmatit zu erstellen sind. Auftraggeber ist die schwedische Transportbehörde Trafikverket.Dieser Bericht fokussiert sich auf die Bauausführung des Loses Korsvägen, welches von der Bietergemeinschaft West Link Contractors (WLC), bestehend aus dem schwedischen Bauunternehmen NCC und der deutschen BAM‐Tochter Wayss & Freytag Ingenieurbau AG, gewonnen wurde. Hierbei wird auch Einblick in die Anwendung der BIM‐Methode sowie weiterer Digitalisierungsansätze zur Prozessoptimierung gewährt.
Observational study of the medical management of patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Saratzis A , Jaspers N E M , Gwilym B , Thomas O , Tsui A , Lefroy R , Parks M , Htun V , Mera Z , Thatcher A , Bosanquet D , Forsythe R , Benson R , Dattani N , Dovell G , Lane T , Shalhoub J , Sidloff D , Visseren F L J , Dorresteijn J A N , Richards T ,   Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) Collaborators
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous research has suggested that patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are not offered adequate risk factor modification, despite their high cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiovascular profiles of patients with PAD and quantify the survival benefits of target-based risk factor modification.

Methods
The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) prospectively collected cardiovascular profiles of patients with PAD from ten UK vascular centres (April to June 2018) to assess practice against UK and European goal-directed best medical therapy guidelines. Risk and benefits of risk factor control were estimated using the SMART-REACH model, a validated cardiovascular prediction tool for patients with PAD.

Results
Some 440 patients (mean(s.d.) age 70(11) years, 24·8 per cent women) were included in the study. Mean(s.d.) cholesterol (4·3(1·2) mmol/l) and LDL-cholesterol (2·7(1·1) mmol/l) levels were above recommended targets; 319 patients (72·5 per cent) were hypertensive and 343 (78·0 per cent) were active smokers. Only 11·1 per cent of patients were prescribed high-dose statin therapy and 39·1 per cent an antithrombotic agent. The median calculated risk of a major cardiovascular event over 10 years was 53 (i.q.r. 44–62) per cent. Controlling all modifiable cardiovascular risk factors based on UK and European guidance targets (LDL-cholesterol less than 2 mmol/l, systolic BP under 140 mmHg, smoking cessation, antiplatelet therapy) would lead to an absolute risk reduction of the median 10-year cardiovascular risk by 29 (20–38) per cent with 6·3 (4·0–9·3) cardiovascular disease-free years gained.

Conclusion
The medical management of patients with PAD in this secondary care cohort was suboptimal. Controlling modifiable risk factors to guideline-based targets would confer significant patient benefit.
Screening for gastric cancer using exhaled breath samples
Authors: Broza Y Y , Khatib S , Gharra A , Krilaviciute A , Amal H , Polaka I , Parshutin S , Kikuste I , Gasenko E , Skapars R , Brenner H , Leja M , Haick H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim was to derive a breath-based classifier for gastric cancer using a nanomaterial-based sensor array, and to validate it in a large screening population.

Methods
A new training algorithm for the diagnosis of gastric cancer was derived from previous breath samples from patients with gastric cancer and healthy controls in a clinical setting, and validated in a blinded manner in a screening population.

Results
The training algorithm was derived using breath samples from 99 patients with gastric cancer and 342 healthy controls, and validated in a population of 726 people. The calculated training set algorithm had 82 per cent sensitivity, 78 per cent specificity and 79 per cent accuracy. The algorithm correctly classified all three patients with gastric cancer and 570 of the 723 cancer-free controls in the screening population, yielding 100 per cent sensitivity, 79 per cent specificity and 79 per cent accuracy. Further analyses of lifestyle and confounding factors were not associated with the classifier.

Conclusion
This first validation of a nanomaterial sensor array-based algorithm for gastric cancer detection from breath samples in a large screening population supports the potential of this technology for the early detection of gastric cancer.
iCURE (iterative course‐based undergraduate research experience): A case‐study
Authors: Stoeckman Angela K. , Cai Yingqi , Chapman Kent D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral models suggest ways to expose undergraduates at minority serving institutions or institutions with limited research infrastructures to the iterative process of research. Apprentice‐based research experiences allow students to work one‐on‐one with a research mentor in the hands‐on discovery process, but with teaching being a priority for faculty at the aforementioned institutions, financial, spatial, and time limitations for research progress exist. Course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide opportunities for a greater number of undergraduates to become familiar with the questions, techniques, and failure involved in research. However, designing projects that a group of students can complete in a semester can be challenging. Inclusive Research Education Communities are intended to promote retention in STEM courses for early college students but have limited benefit for upper‐level courses. We sought to create an iterative CURE between fall semester BIOL3900 at the University of North Texas and spring semester CHE397 at Bethel University (Saint Paul, MN) to promote collaboration between unique learning communities. The research goal was to use a tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) transient expression system as a platform to test gene functions and to engineer valuable bioproducts in plant vegetative tissues. The outcomes of this 2‐year integrative module included novel discoveries leading to publications in peer‐reviewed journals, cost benefits due to shared resources, continual movement of the project, course‐based training for future independent research projects, and improved student attitudes about research. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):565–572, 2019.
Simultaneous determination of plasma nicotine and cotinine by UHPLC–MS/MS in C57BL/6 mice and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Dongjie , Du Juan , Qin Ying , Zhao Zhigang , Shi Yanjun , Mei Shenghui , Liu Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlasma concentrations of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine are highly correlated with its biological effects. A UHPLC–MS/MS method was developed, validated and applied for nicotine and cotinine analysis in mice plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a BEH HILIC column using acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) and 10 mm ammonium formate as mobile phase. The gradient elution was performed at 0.4 mL/min with a run time of 3.6 min. The quantitative ion transition was m/z 163.1 > 130.0 for nicotine, m/z 177.1 > 80.0 for cotinine and m/z 167.1 > 134.0 for nicotine‐D4 (internal standard, IS). For both nicotine and cotinine, the calibration range was 5–500 ng/mL with 5 ng/mL as the lower limit of quantitation, and the intra‐ and inter‐day bias and imprecision were −4.61–12.00% and <11.12%. The IS normalized recovery was 90.62–98.95% for nicotine and 89.18–101.53% for cotinine, and the IS normalized matrix factor was 106.00–116.44% for nicotine and 100.34–109.85% for cotinine. Both nicotine and cotinine were stable under conventional storage conditions. The validated method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters for both analytes.
A qualitative study of Argentine small and medium enterprises: Factors driving social responsibility
Authors: Massoud Jacob A. , Daily Bonnie F. , Willi Alberto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSmall and medium‐sized enterprise (SMEs) social responsibility has recently begun to gain greater importance in Argentina due to a variety of contextual factors. The main area of inquiry investigated in this study was the motivation for adopting social responsibility initiatives at Argentine SMEs. Exploratory, qualitative methods were employed to evaluate social responsibility initiatives at six firms across several industries. Semistructured interviews served as the primary source of data. Data were analyzed and interpreted using open coding to develop categories and themes. Results indicate that the chief motivation for SMEs to engage in social responsibility rests primarily in the values of company owners or managers. Additional external factors such as labor demands and the economy also influence a firm's choice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. The findings also provide the broader business community with several lessons that could be applied to enhance CSR efforts. Similar to prior research, it was found that both internal and external factors influence the adoption of CSR by SMEs, demonstrating strong support for the roles of an owner's values and the community as key drivers.
Development of assessment indicators for measuring the student learning effects of artificial intelligence‐based robot design
Authors: Shyr Wen‐Jye , Yang Fu‐Chun , Liu Po‐Wen , Hsieh Ying‐Ming , You Ci‐Syong , Chen Dyi‐Cheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study identified a number of indicators that are essential for measuring the learning effects on students involved in artificial intelligence (AI)‐based robot design. Ten experts were recruited as Delphi group members, including three mechanical engineers in the field of robot design and seven scholars from a university. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using Z values from the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The questionnaire was used to identify assessment indicators in six dimensions: (a) Remember, (b) understand, (c) apply, (d) analyze, (e) evaluate, and (f) create. Our findings provide a valuable reference for educators in the field of engineering and technology education involved in the development of programs in AI‐based robot design.
Multiobjective virtual machine placement mechanisms using nature‐inspired metaheuristic algorithms in cloud environments: A comprehensive review
Authors: Donyagard Vahed Nasim , Ghobaei‐Arani Mostafa , Souri Alireza 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCloud computing introduced a new paradigm in IT industry by providing on‐demand, elastic, ubiquitous computing resources for users. In a virtualized cloud data center, there are a large number of physical machines (PMs) hosting different types of virtual machines (VMs). Unfortunately, the cloud data centers do not fully utilize their computing resources and cause a considerable amount of energy waste that has a great operational cost and dramatic impact on the environment. Server consolidation is one of the techniques that provide efficient use of physical resources by reducing the number of active servers. Since VM placement plays an important role in server consolidation, one of the main challenges in cloud data centers is an efficient mapping of VMs to PMs. Multiobjective VM placement is generating considerable interest among researchers and academia. This paper aims to represent a detailed review of the recent state‐of‐the‐art multiobjective VM placement mechanisms using nature‐inspired metaheuristic algorithms in cloud environments. Also, it gives special attention to the parameters and approaches used for placing VMs into PMs. In the end, we will discuss and explore further works that can be done in this area of research.
Modeling composite effects of marine and freshwater processes on migratory species
Authors: Friedman Whitney R. , Martin Benjamin T. , Wells Brian K. , Warzybok Pete , Michel Cyril J. , Danner Eric M. , Lindley Steven T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLife histories of migratory species such as anadromous fishes make them particularly susceptible to composite effects of processes experienced across distinct habitats and life stages. Therefore, their population dynamics are difficult to quantify and manage without tools such as life‐cycle models. As a model species for which life‐cycle modeling is particularly useful, we provide an analysis of influential processes affecting dynamics of the Central Valley fall‐run Chinook salmon (CVFC) population (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). This analysis demonstrates how, through identification of covariates that affect this population at each life stage and their relationship to one another, it is possible to identify actions that best promote sustainability for this anadromous species. We developed a life‐cycle model for CVFC examining primary processes influencing variability in observed patterns of escapement from 1988 to 2016. CVFC are a valuable fishery along the US West Coast; however, their natural population is a fraction of its historic size, and recent low escapements have resulted in substantial restrictions on the fishery. Our model explains 68.3% of variability in historic escapement values. The most influential processes include temperatures experienced during egg incubation, freshwater flow during juvenile outmigration, and environmentally mediated predation during early marine residence. This work demonstrates the need, and methodology, for considering the interactions between freshwater and marine dynamics when evaluating the efficacy of managerial practices in freshwater and the ocean, especially in the context of increased environmental variability, climate change, and dynamic predator populations. The methodology developed in this study can be used toward improved conservation and management of other anadromous fishes and migratory species.