bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augustine on the beatific vision as ubique totus
Authors: Boersma Gerald P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA constant in Augustine's long literary career is his understanding of God's presence as ubique totus, or ‘whole and everywhere’. I will first consider how Augustine came to perceive of the divine presence in this life (here I will look especially at the Confessions); second, how he theologically articulates the nature of the divine presence (here I will draw on Ep. 187), and, finally, how he understands the divine presence in the life to come (and here I will focus on the conclusion of the City of God). I suggest that a fundamental continuity obtains between how Augustine understands seeing God in this life and the next and that this continuity is predicated on his conception of the divine presence as ubique totus.
Inter and intraspecific comparisons of the skeletal Mg/Ca ratios of high latitude Antarctic echinoderms
Authors: Duquette A. , Halanych K.M. , Angus R.A. , Mcclintock J.B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEchinoderms are vulnerable to ocean acidification because of their high magnesium calcite skeletons. Here, skeletal Mg/Ca ratios were examined within and between individuals of 20 Antarctic echinoderms representative of the asteroids, ophiuroids and echinoids. The highest mean Mg/Ca ratios occurred in the discs and arms (0.111 and 0.110, respectively) of brittle-stars and the lowest in the spines (0.010) of cidaroid sea urchins. Many taxa (11 of 14 species) from the collection sites showed no intraspecific differences in Mg/Ca ratios between given skeletal components. Exceptions were the spines of two regular sea urchins and the skeletal ossicles of the combined arms and disc of a brittle-star. The relationship between skeletal magnesium content and latitude was further evaluated and an inverse correlation was found between Antarctic echinoderm taxa skeletal magnesium content and latitude across 62° to 76°, indicating that the relationship occurs over relatively narrow latitudes. Upon examination of an even narrower range (70–76° latitude), a region where the mineralogy of echinoderm skeletons has not been investigated, the predicted inverse relationship between Mg/Ca ratio and latitude was still observed in sea-stars, but not in brittle-stars or sea urchins.
Paediatric abstract publication rates for the American Society of Echocardiography Meeting
Authors: Morrison Adam , Kelly John , Rivera Brian , Backes Carl H. , Cua Clifford L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAbstract presentations of scientific information at meetings are important for broadcasting new information. Publication of these studies should be the final goal, but minimal data exist documenting publication rates, especially for paediatric sub-speciality meetings. The goal of this study was to document the manuscript publication rate for paediatric cardiac echocardiography abstracts and to determine whether there were differences between abstracts that were published versus not published.MethodsPaediatric cardiac echocardiography abstracts presented from 2007 to 2011 at the American Society of Echocardiography Meetings were reviewed. Characteristics of the abstracts were noted. A Medline/Pubmed search was performed using keywords, first author, and senior author criteria to determine publication. Fisher’s exact tests or χ2 tests were used for analysis.ResultsA total of 194 abstracts were reviewed. In all, 27 abstracts were oral presentations and 167 were poster presentations. A total of 124 abstracts were prospective studies and 70 were retrospective studies; 11 abstracts were basic science studies and 183 were clinical studies. Altogether, 25 abstracts dealt with three-dimensional echocardiography, 15 with fetal echocardiography, 56 with deformation analysis, 79 with standard transthoracic echocardiography, and 19 were in the other category. A total of 73 abstracts were subsequently published – with a 37.6% publication rate – 2.1±1.7 years after initial presentation. There were no significant differences in publication rates based on the above-noted variables.ConclusionA paediatric cardiac echocardiography abstract publication rate of 37.6% is comparable to previous published publication rates for other meetings. No differences in variables analysed were noted between published versus unpublished abstracts.
Externalities and foreign capital in aquaculture production in developing countries
Authors: Akpalu Wisdom , Bitew Worku T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMost developing countries are increasingly depending on freshwater based aquaculture to supplement the declining catch from capture fisheries. Yet the competition between capture fisheries and cage culture for space, pollution generated by cage culture, and fish markets interaction effects are hardly conceptualized in a bioeconomic framework. Furthermore, the economic viability of cage culture depends on substantial investment thresholds, engendering foreign direct investment in the industry in developing countries. This paper develops a conceptual model for fresh-water-based aquaculture that accounts for these effects. We found that a Pigouvian tax (optimum ad valorem tax) that corrects the externalities depends on economic and biological parameters in both fisheries. Correcting for the externalities results in a reduction in aquaculture production but not optimum wild catch. Furthermore, with foreign capital in aquaculture, the Pigouvian tax equals the ratio of net to total benefit from aquaculture. Numerical values are used to illustrate the results.
Concept and realization of a low-cost multi-target simulator for CW and FMCW radar system calibration and testing
Authors: Scheiblhofer Werner , Feger Reinhard , Haderer Andreas , Stelzer Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present the realization of an frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar target simulator, based on a modulated-reflector radar system. The simulator, designed for the 24 GHz frequency band, uses low-cost modulated-reflector nodes and is capable to simultaneously generate multiple targets in a real-time environment. The realization is based on a modular approach and thus provides a high scalability of the whole system. It is demonstrated that the concept is able to simulate multiple artificial targets, located at user-selectable ranges and even velocities, utilized within a completely static setup. The characterization of the developed hardware shows that the proposed concept allows to dynamically and precisely adjust the radar cross-section of each single target within a dynamic range of 50 dB. Additionally, the provided range-proportional target frequency bandwidth makes the system perfectly suitable for fast and reliable intermediate frequency-chain calibration of multi-channel radar systems. Within this paper we demonstrate the application of the concept for a linear sweeped frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar. The presented approach is applicable to any microwave-based measurement system using frequency differences between transmit- and receive signals for range- and velocity evaluation, such as (non-)linear sweeped as well as pure Doppler radar systems.
Transparent and miniature FM antenna in printed technology
Authors: Martin A. , Gautier C. , Castel X. , Himdi M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn optically transparent and electrically small frequency modulation (FM) radio receiving antenna has been designed and fabricated from a mesh silver layer printed onto a glass substrate. The studied FM antenna consists of a transparent meandering monopole associated with a micrometric size MEtal Semiconductor Field Effect transistor. An optical transparency of 87% and a sheet resistance lower than 0.22 Ω/sq are obtained. The received signal strength indicator and the signal-to-noise ratio are both measured and compared with those of a commercial monopole antenna (a quarter-wave wire antenna). The transparent FM antenna exhibits similar radiofrequency performance with, in addition, a low visual impact.
Telomere length and genetics are independent colorectal tumour risk factors in an evaluation of biomarkers in normal bowel
Authors: Fernandez-Rozadilla Ceres , Kartsonaki Christiana , Woolley Connor , McClellan Michael , Whittington Deb , Horgan Gareth , Leedham Simon , Kriaucionis Skirmantas , East James , Tomlinson Ian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground:Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening might be improved by using a measure of prior risk to modulate screening intensity or the faecal immunochemical test threshold. Intermediate molecular biomarkers could aid risk prediction by capturing both known and unknown risk factors.Methods:We sampled normal bowel mucosa from the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum of 317 individuals undergoing colonoscopy. We defined cases as having a personal history of colorectal polyp(s)/cancer, and controls as having no history of colorectal neoplasia. Molecular analyses were performed for: telomere length (TL); global methylation; and the expression of genes in molecular pathways associated with colorectal tumourigenesis. We also calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on CRC susceptibility polymorphisms.Results:Bowel TL was significantly longer in cases than controls, but was not associated with blood TL. PRS was significantly and independently higher in cases. Hypermethylation showed a suggestive association with case:control status. No gene or pathway was differentially expressed between cases and controls. Gene expression often varied considerably between bowel locations.Conclusions:PRS and bowel TL (but not blood TL) may be clinically-useful predictors of CRC risk. Sample collection to assess these biomarkers is feasible in clinical practice, especially where population screening uses flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy.
Systematic generation of biophysically detailed models for diverse cortical neuron types
Authors: Gouwens Nathan W. , Berg Jim , Feng David , Sorensen Staci A. , Zeng Hongkui , Hawrylycz Michael J. , Koch Christof , Arkhipov Anton 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe cellular components of mammalian neocortical circuits are diverse, and capturing this diversity in computational models is challenging. Here we report an approach for generating biophysically detailed models of 170 individual neurons in the Allen Cell Types Database to link the systematic experimental characterization of cell types to the construction of cortical models. We build models from 3D morphologies and somatic electrophysiological responses measured in the same cells. Densities of active somatic conductances and additional parameters are optimized with a genetic algorithm to match electrophysiological features. We evaluate the models by applying additional stimuli and comparing model responses to experimental data. Applying this technique across a diverse set of neurons from adult mouse primary visual cortex, we verify that models preserve the distinctiveness of intrinsic properties between subsets of cells observed in experiments. The optimized models are accessible online alongside the experimental data. Code for optimization and simulation is also openly distributed.
Ultrafast quantum control of ionization dynamics in krypton
Authors: Hütten Konrad , Mittermair Michael , Stock Sebastian O. , Beerwerth Randolf , Shirvanyan Vahe , Riemensberger Johann , Duensing Andreas , Heider Rupert , Wagner Martin S. , Guggenmos Alexander , Fritzsche Stephan , Kabachnik Nikolay M. , Kienberger Reinhard , Bernhardt Birgitta 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUltrafast spectroscopy with attosecond resolution has enabled the real time observation of ultrafast electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. These experiments employ attosecond pulses or pulse trains and explore dynamical processes in a pump–probe scheme that is selectively sensitive to electronic state of matter via photoelectron or XUV absorption spectroscopy or that includes changes of the ionic state detected via photo-ion mass spectrometry. Here, we demonstrate how the implementation of combined photo-ion and absorption spectroscopy with attosecond resolution enables tracking the complex multidimensional excitation and decay cascade of an Auger auto-ionization process of a few femtoseconds in highly excited krypton. In tandem with theory, our study reveals the role of intermediate electronic states in the formation of multiply charged ions. Amplitude tuning of a dressing laser field addresses different groups of decay channels and allows exerting temporal and quantitative control over the ionization dynamics in rare gas atoms.
An unusual type of polymorphism in a liquid crystal
Authors: Li Lin , Salamończyk Mirosław , Shadpour Sasan , Zhu Chenhui , Jákli Antal , Hegmann Torsten 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolymorphism is a remarkable concept in chemistry, materials science, computer science, and biology. Whether it is the ability of a material to exist in two or more crystal structures, a single interface connecting to two different entities, or alternative phenotypes of an organism, polymorphism determines function and properties. In materials science, polymorphism can be found in an impressively wide range of materials, including crystalline materials, minerals, metals, alloys, and polymers. Here we report on polymorphism in a liquid crystal. A bent-core liquid crystal with a single chiral side chain forms two structurally and morphologically significantly different liquid crystal phases solely depending on the cooling rate from the isotropic liquid state. On slow cooling, the thermodynamically more stable oblique columnar phase forms, and on rapid cooling, a not heretofore reported helical microfilament phase. Since structure determines function and properties, the structural color for these phases also differs.
Longitudinal association of type 1 interferon-induced chemokines with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Connelly K. L. , Kandane-Rathnayake R. , Huq M. , Hoi A. , Nikpour M. , Morand E. F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractType I interferon (IFN) pathways are significant in SLE pathogenesis. Less is known about the utility of measuring markers of IFN activity in patients, or whether patient subsets with different profiles exist. We explored the longitudinal associations of IFN-induced chemokines with disease activity in a cohort of SLE patients. We calculated a validated composite score (IFN-CK) of three type I IFN-inducible chemokines (CCL2/CXCL10/CCL19) measured in 109 SLE patients (median 7 occasions over 3.2 years). Longitudinal associations of IFN-CK score with disease activity (SLEDAI-2K) and other variables were assessed using general estimating equation (GEE) methods. IFN-CK was detectable in all patients. SLEDAI-2K was significantly associated with IFN-CK, damage score and prednisolone dose. SLEDAI-2K remained significantly associated with IFN-CK over time after adjustment of covariates. Patients with high time-adjusted mean IFN-CK had lower complement and higher time-adjusted disease activity. Concordance between IFN-CK and SLEDAI-2K varied widely among patients, with some individuals having none, others weak, and a subset very high concordance. In summary in our cohort of SLE patients, serum IFN-CK varied over time with disease activity, but with wide variation in concordance. Differing relationships between IFN pathway activation and disease activity may be valuable in assigning patients to emerging IFN-pathway targeting treatments.
Homogenization and impoverishment of taxonomic and functional diversity of ants in Eucalyptus plantations
Authors: Martello Felipe , de Bello Francesco , Morini Maria Santina de Castro , Silva Rogério R. , Souza-Campana Débora Rodriges de , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Carmona Carlos P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite its negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity, tree plantations can contribute to biodiversity conservation in fragmented landscapes, as they harbor many native species. In this study, we investigated the impact of Eucalyptus plantations on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ant communities, comparing ant communities sampled in managed and unmanaged (abandoned for 28 years) Eucalyptus plantations, and native Atlantic rain forests. Eucalyptus plantations, both managed and unmanaged, reduced the functional diversity and increased the similarity between ant communities leading to functional homogenization. While communities in managed plantations had the lowest values of both taxonomic and functional ant diversities, ant communities from unmanaged plantations had similar values of species richness, functional redundancy and Rao’s Q compared to ant communities from forest patches (although functional richness was lower). In addition, communities in unmanaged Eucalyptus plantations were taxonomically and functionally more similar to communities located in managed plantations, indicating that Eucalyptus plantations have a severe long-term impact on ant communities. These results indicate that natural regeneration may mitigate the impact of Eucalyptus management, particularly regarding the functional structure of the community (α diversity), although it does not attenuate the effects of long term homogenization in community composition (β diversity).
Antibodies in children with malaria to PfEMP1, RIFIN and SURFIN expressed at the Plasmodium falciparum parasitized red blood cell surface
Authors: Quintana Maria del Pilar , Ch’ng Jun-Hong , Moll Kirsten , Zandian Arash , Nilsson Peter , Idris Zulkarnain Md , Saiwaew Somporn , Qundos Ulrika , Wahlgren Mats 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNaturally acquired antibodies to proteins expressed on the Plasmodium falciparum parasitized red blood cell (pRBC) surface steer the course of a malaria infection by reducing sequestration and stimulating phagocytosis of pRBC. Here we have studied a selection of proteins representing three different parasite gene families employing a well-characterized parasite with a severe malaria phenotype (FCR3S1.2). The presence of naturally acquired antibodies, impact on rosetting rate, surface reactivity and opsonization for phagocytosis in relation to different blood groups of the ABO system were assessed in a set of sera from children with mild or complicated malaria from an endemic area. We show that the naturally acquired immune responses, developed during malaria natural infection, have limited access to the pRBCs inside a blood group A rosette. The data also indicate that SURFIN4.2 may have a function at the pRBC surface, particularly during rosette formation, this role however needs to be further validated. Our results also indicate epitopes differentially recognized by rosette-disrupting antibodies on a peptide array. Antibodies towards parasite-derived proteins such as PfEMP1, RIFIN and SURFIN in combination with host factors, essentially the ABO blood group of a malaria patient, are suggested to determine the outcome of a malaria infection.
Characterization of viral RNA splicing using whole-transcriptome datasets from host species
Authors: Zhou Chengran , Liu Shanlin , Song Wenhui , Luo Shiqi , Meng Guanliang , Yang Chentao , Yang Hua , Ma Jinmin , Wang Liang , Gao Shan , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Zhao Yun , Wang Hui , Zhou Xin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRNA alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional mechanism enabling single genes to produce multiple proteins. It has been well demonstrated that viruses deploy host AS machinery for viral protein productions. However, knowledge on viral AS is limited to a few disease-causing viruses in model species. Here we report a novel approach to characterizing viral AS using whole transcriptome dataset from host species. Two insect transcriptomes (Acheta domesticus and Planococcus citri) generated in the 1,000 Insect Transcriptome Evolution (1KITE) project were used as a proof of concept using the new pipeline. Two closely related densoviruses (Acheta domesticus densovirus, AdDNV, and Planococcus citri densovirus, PcDNV, Ambidensovirus, Densovirinae, Parvoviridae) were detected and analyzed for AS patterns. The results suggested that although the two viruses shared major AS features, dramatic AS divergences were observed. Detailed analysis of the splicing junctions showed clusters of AS events occurred in two regions of the virus genome, demonstrating that transcriptome analysis could gain valuable insights into viral splicing. When applied to large-scale transcriptomics projects with diverse taxonomic sampling, our new method is expected to rapidly expand our knowledge on RNA splicing mechanisms for a wide range of viruses.
Maturation State and Matrix Microstructure Regulate Interstitial Cell Migration in Dense Connective Tissues
Authors: Qu Feini , Li Qing , Wang Xiao , Cao Xuan , Zgonis Miltiadis H. , Esterhai John L. , Shenoy Vivek B. , Han Lin , Mauck Robert L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFew regenerative approaches exist for the treatment of injuries to adult dense connective tissues. Compared to fetal tissues, adult connective tissues are hypocellular and show limited healing after injury. We hypothesized that robust repair can occur in fetal tissues with an immature extracellular matrix (ECM) that is conducive to cell migration, and that this process fails in adults due to the biophysical barriers imposed by the mature ECM. Using the knee meniscus as a platform, we evaluated the evolving micromechanics and microstructure of fetal and adult tissues, and interrogated the interstitial migratory capacity of adult meniscal cells through fetal and adult tissue microenvironments with or without partial enzymatic digestion. To integrate our findings, a computational model was implemented to determine how changing biophysical parameters impact cell migration through these dense networks. Our results show that the micromechanics and microstructure of the adult meniscus ECM sterically hinder cell mobility, and that modulation of these ECM attributes via an exogenous matrix-degrading enzyme permits migration through this otherwise impenetrable network. By addressing the inherent limitations to repair imposed by the mature ECM, these studies may define new clinical strategies to promote repair of damaged dense connective tissues in adults.
Tuning Infrared Plasmon Resonance of Black Phosphorene Nanoribbon with a Dielectric Interface
Authors: Debu Desalegn T. , Bauman Stephen J. , French David , Churchill Hugh O. H. , Herzog Joseph B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report on the tunable edge-plasmon-enhanced absorption of phosphorene nanoribbons supported on a dielectric substrate. Monolayer anisotropic black phosphorous (phosphorene) nanoribbons are explored for light trapping and absorption enhancement on different dielectric substrates. We show that these phosphorene ribbons support infrared surface plasmons with high spatial confinement. The peak position and bandwidth of the calculated phosphorene absorption spectra are tunable with low loss over a wide wavelength range via the surrounding dielectric environment of the periodic nanoribbons. Simulation results show strong edge plasmon modes and enhanced absorption as well as a red-shift of the peak resonance wavelength. The periodic Fabry-Perot grating model was used to analytically evaluate the absorption resonance arising from the edge of the ribbons for comparison with the simulation. The results show promise for the promotion of phosphorene plasmons for both fundamental studies and potential applications in the infrared spectral range.