bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arterial Wall after Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Sevitt S. 
Published: June 2019

Little has been reported on the effects of emboli on lung arteries. This report is based on 93 subjects reaching necropsy with emboli, of which 223 were studied histologically.Arterial lesions which can be regarded as traumatic from embolic impact are: (1) Partial or complete ruptures of the wall, mostly narrow slits but a few larger. Recent ones were associated with recent emboli, and healing tears with organising emboli. (2) Micro-aneurysms frequently associated with ruptures. (3) Small scars associated with fibrous remnants of emboli, and consistent with previous ruptures. (4) Focal necrosis and/or focal arteritis.Lesions allied to atheroma developing during organic reduction of the emboli are: (5) Fatty infiltration of the intima; (6) Incorporation of hyalinized thrombus into thickened intima; (7) occasionally patchy calcification.Sequelae from organic reduction of emboli are fibrous intimal thickenings, networks, webs and cords, and fibrous occlusion of the lumen.
Canine Renal Allograft Rejection: Evaluation of Progressive Microsvacular Thrombosis
Authors: Webster W. P. , Mandel S. R. , Staab E. V. , Clark R. L. 
Published: June 2019

Microvascular thrombosis is the end stage of the rejection process. Twenty paired dogs receiving heterotopic renal allografts were monitored with serial orthiodohippuronic acid 131I (OIH) renoscintigrams, intravenous pyelograms (IVP), and coagulation parameters, and were sacrificed at various intervals. Microangiograms and histological sections of the transplanted and normal kidneys were obtained. Results of the IVP and OIH studies were somewhat parallel, but the OIH identified very early parenchymal damage that was not detected with the IVP. Additionally, the OIH demonstrated remaining function that could not be identified with the IVP. Microvascular and histological changes progressed from the outer cortex inward. Early findings were focal cortical capillary occlusion with perivascular cellular infiltration. Late changes included outer cortical glomerular loss and afferent arteriolar occlusions that progressed to interlobular arteriolar obstruction. Arteriolar-venule shunting and vascular extravasation were evident. Histologically there was marked cellular infiltration and hemorrhagic necrosis. Coagulation changes consisting of increases in plasma levels of fibrin split products (FSP), F. VIII and fibrinogen were evident in the late stages, and consistent with progressive localized intravascular thrombosis. This study demonstrates and correlates the progressive stages of microvascular thrombosis induced secondary to antigen-antibody induced injury. The OIH is a sensitive in vivo test, and FSP are reliable indicators of late vascular damage.(Supported in part by the National Heart and Lung Institute Grant HL-14228.)
Disappearance of Canine Small Active Factor VIII Fragment Following Transfusion in Hemophilic Dogs
Authors: Attain J. P. , Cooper H. A. , Wagner R. H. 
Published: June 2019

Small active factor VIII fragment was prepared for infusion studies by agarose gel chromatography of a canine factor VIII preparation in 0.25 M CaCl2. The material was concentrated, and the Ca2+ was removed. Three hemophilic dogs received four infusions of 13 to 30 u of factor VIII activity per kg of body weight. Immediate recovery of factor VIII activity varied from 0 to 25% of the calculated values. Most of the activity disappeared within two hours after infusion, but whole blood clotting times were still shortened after 12 hours in two experiments. Control studies using cryoprecipitate were satisfactory. Plasmas of three of six hemophilic dogs showed weak inhibition of the small active factor VIII fraction in vitro. The inhibitory effect was present in these hemophilic plasmas after heating to 56° C for 1 hour. The rapid disappearance of activity after transfusion is not completely explained by this inhibitory effect, as rapid in vivo disappearance was also observed where no inhibition was detectable. It appears that use of small active factor VIII does not offer a practical means for intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration.(Supported by NIH Grants HL-6350, HL-1648).
Studies on a Variant of Factor VIII Resulting in ’von Willebrand’s Disease»
Authors: Hill F. G. H. , Chan M. C. K. , Hardisty R. M. 
Published: June 2019

A variant of von Willebrand’s disease in a 14-year-old girl is described, characterised by a prolonged bleeding time and defective ristocetin aggregation (VIIIWF 6%), with VIIIRAg 70-110% and VIIIC 40-60%. The electrophorotic mobility of her VIIIRAg in agarose at pH 9.2 was intermediate between normal VIIIRAg and that of the patient of Kernoff et al, (1), and identical with that of Case 4 of Peake et al. (2). Further characteristics of the factor VIII molecule in this patient’s plasma and platelets will be presented, including antigenic, physicochemical and functional propeertis.1. Kernoff, P. B. A. et al. (1974). Brit. J. Haemat. 26, 435.2. Peake, I. R. et al. (1974). N. Engl. J. Med. 291, 113.
Antithrombotic Effect of Sulfinpyrazone in Arterio-venous Shunts
Authors: Pineo G. , Kaegi A. , Hirsh J. , Gent M. , Moore S. 
Published: June 2019

The arterio-venous shunt provides an ideal model for studying the antithrombotic effects of drugs which suppress platelet function because the incidence of thrombosis is high and the thrombi occur in areas of high flow, turbulence and venous stenosis. We have investigated 1) the antithrombotic effectiveness of Sulfinpyrazone (SFP) 600 mg daily in a 12 month double blind crossover study as compared to a placebo 2) the relative efficacy of SFP alone as compared to SFP plus an oral anticoagulant and 3) the nature of the histological changes Which underlie the thrombotic occlusion in the vein adjacent to the cannula.1) In the first study there were 45 patients. The average number of thrombi per patient month was 0.21 on SFP compared to 0.64 on the placebo (p < 0.001). The antithrombotic effect was more striking in men than in women and became evident within one week of the crossover. 2) In the second study, at the end of six months, the patients on SFP plus anticoagulants had a lower incidence of arterio-venous shunt thrombosis (0.18 vs 0.26 thrombi/patient month), but this trend was not statistically significant, 3) Histological examination of the affected veins revealed atheromatous-like changes consisting of intimal thickening due to proliferation of smooth muscle cells some of which contained lipid, increased collagen and extracellular lipid.These studies further support the efficacy of SFP in the prevention of thrombosis in a high flow system. The stenotic changes closely resemble atherosclerosis and support previous observations that veins exposed to a high pressure, high flow system become susceptible to such changes.
Collagen-Induced Coagulant Activity (CICA) and Factor-V and -XI Activities of Platelets and Platelet Plasma Membranes
Authors: Walsh P. N. , Lipscomb M. S. 
Published: June 2019

To examine the hypothesis that collagen-stimulated platelets with associated factor XI can initiate intrinsic coagulation by an alternative pathway not requiring factor XII, platelets were washed using an improved method of albumin density gradient separation and assayed for coagulation factors. Factors II, VII, IX and X eluted readily, VIII and XII less readily; whereas V and XI remained associated. Collagen treatment produced a 2-fold increase in platelet-associated V and XI activities and activation of XI. Freezing and thawing platelets increased V activity 3-fold and XI activity 6-fold and these activities sedimented at 100,000 ×g. Platelet plasma membranes isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation after glycerol lysis had PF3 activity, (per mg phospholipid) 5-fold greater than human brain phospholipid (Folch) and contained 0.45 units of V and 0.23 units XI per mg protein. Membranes had no detectable II, VII, VIII, IX, X and XII activities, progressively shortened clotting times when preincubated with XII-deficient plasma, and responded to collagen by enhancing XI activity. Platelets and platelet plasma membranes obtained from a patient with normal hemostasis and without apparant plasma XI had normal CICA and greater than normal XI. These observations support the view that XI is tightly bound to platelet membranes and can be activated by collagen in the absence of detectable XII with resultant initiation of intrinsic coagulation, even in the absence of plasma XI.(Supported by NIH Grant HL 14217 and AHA Grant 73–726.)
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Authors: Wulur Hansa , Himawan T. , Kho L. K. 
Published: June 2019

During a period of two years 203 children with DHF were admitted to our department. 102 were boys and 91 girls. Their ages varied between 6 mons. and 14 yrs, (average 6.3 yrs,). The following signs and symptoms were observed namely Viz.: fever, upper respiratory infection, abdominal pain, vomiting, hepatomcgali, disturbance of consciousness, convulsion, shock and haemorrhagic diathesis.Regarding the haemorrhagic manifestations we could further classify epistaxis in 21.7% of the children, hematemesis in 18.7%, melena in 31.5%, petechiae in 30%, ecchymosis in 12.8%. Furthermore laboratory hematologic examinations revealed the presence of anaemia in 42.8% (Hb less than 10 gm%), hemoconcentration in 35% (Ht value more than 40%), leucopenia 31.3% (WBC value more than 5000/mm3), a prolonged bleeding time in 40.1%, a prolonged clotting time 25.3%, decreased prothrombin index 23.1% (PI less than 75%), prolonged PTT 42.2%, fibrinogenopenia in 48.6%, positive tourniquet test in 56.7%. The overall mortality rate was 11.8%.It is concluded that haemorrhagic diathesis in dengue haemorrhagic fever is caused by factors affecting the vascular wall, coagulation mechanism as well as thrombocytopenia.
The Frequency of Coronary Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Czaplicki S. , Gietka J. , Sulek K. 
Published: June 2019

The frequency of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction in 500 persons with rheumatoidearthritis (116 men and 384 women) receiving salicylates during long period time were examined. Coronary heart disease in 2 cases (1 man and 1 woman) and myocardial infarction in 1 man were found.On the basis of the age and duration observations the authors discovered that the coefficient morbidity was statistically significant lower than in the same population but without rheumatoid arthritis. The coronary risk factors as hypertenia arterialis, hyper-cholestrolemia and diabetes was less frequent than in normal population too. The cigarettes smoking and obesity were found equally frequent.The authors suggested that long term treatment with acetylsalicylic acid effects inhibition adhesion of platelets and in this way protects before arterial thrombosis and may be artherosclerosis.
Absence of Correlation between Haemorrhagic Lymph and Prolonged Bleeding Time During Experimental Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Aursnes I. 
Published: June 2019

The level of circulating blood platelets below which a prolonged bleeding time can be found, is somewhat dependent on the age of the platelets at hand. However, when studying the appearance of red cells in the lymph of animals during experimental thrombocytopenia, no such critical level could be found at all (I. Aursncs, Scand. J. Haemat. 13, 184-195). Thus very low levels of circulating blood platelets with markedly prolonged bleeding time can be seen in animals with no red cell leakage to their lymph.Those observations have now been somewhat extended by observing the same two-pmeters in rabbits soon after their production of blood platelets has been completely stopped by a more heavy dose of whole body irradiation. Abnormal leakage of red cells to lymph (drained from the ears which had been shielded during the irradiation) the often occurred at levels of 100-400,000 platelets per μl, whereas the bleeding times in the same animals were usually not significantly prolonged until the platelet concentration fell below 50,000 per μl blood.An explanation for the two described phenomena would be that the vascular supportive effect and the haemostatic effect of blood platelets are dependent on two different mechanisms.
Effect of Splenectomy on Platelet Kinetics in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
Authors: Tsukada T. 
Published: June 2019

51Chromium-labeled platelet survival and platelet turnover were studied in ten patients with ITP before and after splenectomy. Prednisolone was administered during the platelet survival study in all cases. Platelet mean survival time (MST) was moderately reduced before splenectomy. Prolongation of MST accompanied an increase of peripheral platelet count in 7 cases after splenectomy. In two cases MST and platelet count did not change significantly after splenectomy although platelet recovery value increased remarkably. Platelet turnover (effective platelet production) was greatly above normal before splenectomy in all cases and reduced to normal range after splenectomy in only two cases. Highly, significant linear correlation was noted between MST and peripheral platelet count. But no linear correlation was found between platelet turnover and platelet count (r = -0.48).It was concluded that an increase of peripheral platelet count after splenectomy was mainly due to the prolongation of MST irrespective of the change of platelet production.
Factor XIII In Henoch-Schönlein’s Purpura
Authors: Henriksson P. , Nilsson J. M. , Hedner U. 
Published: June 2019

The increased bleeding tendency in Henoch-Schönlein’s purpura has been attributed to increased vascular permeability. Gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients may be fatal. Coagulation and fibrinolytic studies have been performed in 7 patients with Henoch-Schönlein’s purpura. A 9-year old boy had a life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding which had required 20 bottles of blood per day. It was found that all 7 patients had low levels of factor XIII determined with the dansylcadaverine method of Lorand et al. (1969). The values ranged between 4 and 8 FSF U/ml (mean 6 FSE U/ml ; normal range 11-31 FSF U/ml). Other coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters were normal.Administration of factor XIII concentrate promptly stopped the bleeding in the above mentioned 9-year old boy. On recovery the factor XIII values normalised.
Action of Plasmin on Plasma Membranes of Human Platelets
Authors: Matsuda S. , Muraki H. , Ando Y. , Hasegawa M. 
Published: June 2019

The action of plasmin on plasma membrane polypeptides of human platelets was studied with the aid of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate.When isolated membranes were treated with plasmin, a minor polypeptide band of mol. wt. 120,000 disappeared completely and major polypeptide bands of mol. wt. 40,000 and 100,000 were reduced in concentration.Plasmin digestion of intact platelets coupled with subsequent membrane isolation and gel electrophoresis resulted in only a slight decrease in staining intensity in a glycopeptide band with a mol. wt. 100,000.Platelet membranes contain more than three plasmin substrates, most of which, however, are resistant to this enzyme in intact platelets because of their orientation in the membranes and some other mechanisms.
Quantitative Determination of Prothrombin and its Fragments in Plasma and Serum
Authors: Hassouna H. , Reuterby J. , Walz D. , Hewett-Emmett D. , Seegers W. H. 
Published: June 2019

A comparison of immunochemical and biological methods for quantitative determination of human and bovine prothrombin and its activation fragments in fresh and stored human and bovine plasma and serum is presented. High titered monovalent antisera to prothrombin and specific antisera to PR and 0 fragments produced in rabbits were characterized by radio immunoelectrophoresis and the Feinberg technique using I125 labelled antigens. Prothrombin and PR antisera neutralized prothrombin activity of plasma when tested by the prothrombin clotting assays, while bovine 0 fragment was found bound to Acglobulin in plasma adsorbed with barium carbonate. Antibodies insolubilized by coupling to Bio Gel A-15M were used to deplete fresh plasma of corresponding protein. Depleted plasma was reconstituted by adding varying dilutions of fresh plasma or I125 labelled antigens, and amounts of antigen needed to restore its property to form a standard clot was estimated by the Laurell “rocket” technique, and by hemagglutination inhibition. The purpose of the study is to select a suitable quantitative immunoassay to measure antigenically active prothrombin and its fragments in plasma and serum of normal men, women and children grouped according to estimated blood pressure, age and weight.(Supported by Skillman Foundation of Detroit.)
Regulation of Glycolysis During Collagen Induced Aggregation of Human Platelets
Authors: Akkerman J. W. N. , Gorter G. , Sixma J. J. , Staal G. E. J. 
Published: June 2019

In previous studies we clarified the regulatory properties of purified human platelet 6-phosphofructokinase (EC. 2.7.1.11). We now present data that this enzyme exhibits regulatory properties not only in a purified system but also in the living platelet. Human platelets were isolated by gel Chromatography on Sepharose-2B equilibrated in a Ca++ containing buffer. Subsequently the suspension was concentrated by repeated dialysis against polyethyleneglycol 20,000. The final suspension closely resembled platelet rich plasma with respect to aggregability, platelot factor 3 availability and adenylate energy-charge. At 37°C a continously stirred suspension showed stable levels of glu-6-P and fru-3-P. Fru-1,6-P2 concentration dropped 80% in a 20 min period and thereafter remained constant. Dihydroxyacetone-P showed a similar pattern. Pyruvate and lactate were produced at a constant rate. These data reflect a low phosphofructokinase activity.This pattern was disturbed by the addition of collagen. This led to an extra production of pyruvate and lactate illustrating an increased glycolytic flux. After the addition of collagen Fru-1,6-P and dihydroxyacetone-P immediately increased and only after 30 min these levels reached pre-aggregation values again. Since the levels of other glycolytic intermediates were only slightly changed, the extra flux may be related to the increased levels of intermediates immediately formed after the phosphofructokinase reaction, e.g. to increased phosphofructokinase activity.Furthermore since aggregation is maximal 2 min after collagen addition the prolonged increase in phosphofructokinase activity suggests that glycolysis mainly has the task to replenish energy utilized by the aggregation and release process.
Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Mortality Among Greek Farmers
Authors: Aravanis C. , Corcondilas A. 
Published: June 2019

Cardiovascular atherothrombotic deaths (CVAD) have been determined for the past 14 years among farmers on the island of Crete, Greece, as part of an International Cooperative Study. Subjects no. 686 were males, age 40–59 initially in 1960, and are followed since.Variables of interest taken into consideration were body fatness, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, electrocardiogram at rest and after exercise, physical activity, occupation, lung function, smoking and other habits. Incidence and precalence of CVAD i.e., coronary (CHD), cerebral (CVA), and peripheral (PAD) arterial diseases have been determined bi-annually in addition to 5-year complete follow-ups.Mortality per year per 10,000 was 5.2 for CHD, 5.2 for CVA and zero for PAD. Total all-causes mortality was 64 per year per 10,000.From these data CVAD are extremely rare andin comparison with other western countries among these Greek farmers. All-causes deaths are also low, as a result of low cardiovascular mortality. The reasons and the interrelationships among measured parameters are discussed.
Electroencephalography and Epilepsy Course at UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Authors: Park Jun T. , Devereaux Michael , Abboud Hesham , Ashraf Fareeha , Cohen Mark , Couce Marta , DeBrosse Suzanne , Fastenau Philip , Vaca Guadalupe Fernandez-Baca , Garcia-Losarcos Naiara , Kahriman Mustafa , Lacuey Nuria , Marsey Marge , Miller Jonathan , Rosen Carol , Shahid Asim , Tangen Rachel , Wien Michael , Lüders Hans 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProf. Hans Lüders organized the first International Electroencephalography (EEG)/Epilepsy course in Cleveland (Ohio, United States) in 1979. His vision was to impart a framework of basic knowledge in EEG and epilepsy. The course participants are assumed to have no prior knowledge of EEG or epilepsy. As such, the course is structured and paced to meet the expectations set forth by the organizing committee at the completion of the course. The curriculum has evolved over the years to reflect advancement of the field. There is an added emphasis on semiology (seizure semiology) and epileptic disorders. Also, the course content has expanded to include broader topics such as the intersection between epilepsy and sleep medicine for both adults and children. The course lasts 8 weeks and is offered twice a year, free of charge, in winter and summer at the University Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The average class size ranges from 25 to 30, composed of individuals from around the world. The class hours are generally from 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Daily attendance is expected as new concepts quickly build on previous ones. Midterm and final examinations are used for evaluations. Both written and verbal feedbacks on homework assignments are given daily. At the end of the course, a certificate of completion is awarded. The purpose of this article is to discuss the structural details of this intensive educational course that has been offered for 40 years.
On the performance of modern digital grammar checkers for native and second language learners
Authors: Bril Marco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study we conducted an experiment aiming to compare the performance of language learners and digital grammar checkers at supplying gender marking in French. A set of test items exhibiting typical gender marking configurations was submitted to three grammar checkers for French (Antidote, Scribens and BonPatron). The outcomes were compared to those of native speakers and second language learners of French at a B1 level.The results revealed that only Antidote and Scribens outperformed both native speakers and second language learners of French in adjective-noun and fronted noun-past participle agreement constructions. An opposite pattern, however, appeared for clitic-past participle constructions for which native speakers outperformed Antidote and Scribens.We thus conclude that from the three grammar checkers under investigation, Antidote and Scribens might be effective to improve the native speakers’ and second language learners’ awareness of gender marking errors, but only in adjective-noun and fronted noun-past participle agreement constructions.
Active species densities in R/x%N2 and R/x%(N2-5%H2) (R = Ar or He) microwave early afterglows
Authors: Ricard A. , Sarrette J.P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Afterglows of R/x%N2 and R/x%(N2-5%H2) (R = Ar or He) flowing microwave discharges are characterized by optical emission spectroscopy. Absolute densities of N-atoms, N2(A) and N2(X,v>13) metastable molecules and N2
+ ions and evaluated densities of NH and H are determined after calibration of the N-atom density by NO titration. New results on NH radical and H-atom relative densities are obtained by considering that the excitation of the NH(A) radiative state in the afterglow is produced by N2(X,v>13) + NH collisions. The interest of these results concerns the enhancement of surface nitriding by combined effects of N and H atoms inclusion in afterglow conditions.