bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Today’s Access to Archives : the User’s Point of View
Authors: Salinié Frances 
Published: September 2019

L’accès aux archives : le point de vue de l’usager d’aujourd’hui.
Les services d’information et la bibliothèque du British Council à Paris sont une source unique d’accès à des documents primaires et à toutes sortes de renseignements sur la civilisation et la culture britanniques. Ils ont recours à des technologies nouvelles de stockage de l’information sur microfilms et sur CD-ROMs. Les progrès accomplis depuis dix ans en la matière sont stupéfiants. Un progrès significatif a été accompli avec la conclusion d’un accord global entre le British Council d’une part et la British Library avec ses 18 millions de livres, et le British Document Supply Centre avec ses 150 millions de documents d’autre part. La «bibliothèque virtuelle» est pour demain, la «bibliothèque électronique» est déjà là. Les difficultés techniques et le coût des conversions ne doivent pas être sous-estimés. La mort des bibliothèques et des bibliothécaires n’est pas encore pour demain. De nouvelles tâches et de nouvelles méthodes les attendent.
Fête révolutionnaire, fête cruelle : révolutions à Charleston et en Haïti
Authors: Rossignol Marie-Jeanne 
Published: September 2019

Revolutionary Festivals , Cruel Festivals : Revolutions in Charleston and Haïti.
This paper investigates various types of political festivals in North America at the time of the French Revolution, the term "festival" being broadly defined as both a spontaneous common rejoicing and a form of social upheaval. The study first focuses on the celebrations organized in the United States in 1793 on behalf of Genêt, the French ambassador to the American Republic, which must be carefully distinguished from the civic festivals held in France at the time. This paper then shows that in the era of the French Revolution, these political festivals could also be cruel, as was exemplified by the San Domingo slave insurrection which began in 1791 during a religious ceremony. Be they cruel or joyful, festivals undoubtedly were part of the revolutionary experience at the end of the 18th century.
Frontière et sociabilité en Californie : 1800-1860
Authors: Foucrier Annick 
Published: September 2019

Frontier and Sociability in California : 1800-1860.
In California, before 1848, public space prevailed over private space. Many inhabitants lived in extended families and worked in a cattle-raising economy on large properties, the ranchos. Urban life revolved around the plaza, a meeting place where religious and civic ceremonies were performed. With the annexation to the United States and the Gold Rush, mass migration overwhelmed this traditional society. Because the migrants were mainly men, their lives maintained a strong public dimension at first. But the trend was towards privatisation of space. Nuclear families became the majority, and in cities people tended to cluster according to their origins and cultures. Among Mexican-Californians, in the south of the State, new laws, demographic pressure and the decline of cattle-ranching undermined traditional behavior patterns.
Biculturalité et mémoire collective : Amy Tan et Maxine H. Kingston
Authors: Nacouzi-Bourdichon Salwa 
Published: September 2019

Biculturalism and Collective Memory : A. Tan and M.H. Kingston.
The aim of this article is to examine the ways in which two Chinese American female writers, as representative of the same generational positioning and as gendered writers, account for their individual and collective memories in the United States at different historical juncture periods, in different socio-economic conditions.
How and why do they select or reject part of their community’s past ? How do they construct or contribute to a collective memory at a specific historical period ? Does the conception of the past change over time ? Do these writers participate in a strategic construction of a past that will serve specific pragmatic intentions involving notions of cultural identity ?
The answers to these questions lead us to the following conclusion : group identity depends on its memory and thus on the historical realities and socio-economic conditions not only of the group but also of the outside world.
Troilus et Cressida et la chute de Troie
Authors: Marienstras Richard 
Published: September 2019

Troilus and Cressida and the Fall of Troy
The plot of Troilus and Cressida has often puzzled spectators and commentators because of its strange appearance as scenes from the Fall of Troy, weighted by commentaries on the reasons (or lack of rational arguments) for the long war. To an audience for whom the story was central to their preoccupations with war and civic destruction, the “pageant” of the play functions by reference to a long tradition of classic texts and discussions, including in other work by Shakespeare. Troy was the paradigm of extreme catastrophe. The play is held together by its sense of fatality, in which every event, every argument, is a step towards the death of Hector and the tragedy which ensues from that death. Since Hector is as much a symbol as a character, his destiny is Troy’s, and it is Troilus (and not Hector himself) who understands how far his murder and mutilation represent the massacre and destruction of the city. The horror and terror of that tragic fall represents, and not just for modern spectators, the first genocide in the European consciousness.
Adultérations : les travestissements d'Othello
Authors: Imbert Michel 
Published: September 2019

Adulterations : crossdressing over the racial line in Othello
The Elizabethan convention of cross-dressing and the American Victorian burlesque which exploited ‘black face’ both represent travesties. This essay explores the ways in which these artifices, whether sexual or racial, reduce actual representation to interchangeable theatre practices, a parade of masks that calls representation itself into question. It considers whether these two analogous conventions, apparently so distant from each other, may already be implicitly present in Othello’s drama of adultery.
Le corridor de la mort dans Mesure pour Mesure
Authors: Schwartz-Gastine Isabelle 
Published: September 2019

Measure for Measure and Death Row
Not only is Measure characterized by play between prejudice and tolerance, Viennese law, and Justice, but also by a play upon elapsing time : time runs backward. Far from recuperating the ancient laws of Vienna, men play with and upon each other according to the inner state of Angelo’s conscience and consciousness. The incessant repetitions which punctuate the play, and which foretell the protagonist’s fall, look forward to the tragedies, especially Macbeth. Here, without ever really deciding or clarifying anything -as would be normal in comedy -in the end it is a degree of laisser-faire, impotence, or what one might label as realism, which prevails over prejudice.
“L’identité paradoxale” : Modalités de l’exploration dans les œuvres de Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, Philip Roth, Woody Allen
Authors: Astruc Rémi 
Published: September 2019

“Paradoxical identity” : Modes of exploration in the works of S. Bellow , B. Malamud, Ph. Roth , W. Allen
For Bellow, Malamud, Roth and Allen ’s characters, discovering one’s identity is mostly a question of exploring the conditions of one’s place in society. They do this by analyzing the many frontiers that make them “different”, in a neverending process of knowing oneself and knowing others. This first exploration, which is a sociological and psychological one, gives birth to a second one, which is then literary and consists of finding the adequate means of representing this quest. Several frontiers are thus explored one after another, in five successive “configurations of identity”. It appears then that the evolution of the frontiers from one group of fictions to another is accompanied by a change in the very nature of the exploration, which was a matter of discovering and becomes a matter of creating.
«The Yellow Wallpaper» : la matrice des chimères
Authors: Imbert Michel 
Published: September 2019

«The Yellow Wallpaper» : the matrix of chimeras
The narrator seeks to read into the wallpaper so as to identify the anthropomorphic features of a womanlike figure. But even as she endeavours to disown dispossession and to reconstruct a framework, the symptoms of hysteria surface again on the wallpaper, thus thwarting the insane fantasy of absolute self-possession.
Subtlety and Sophistication : American Art and Culture at the 1958 World’s Fair
Authors: Krenn Michael L. 
Published: September 2019

L'art américain à la foire internationale de Bruxelles en 1958 : subtilité et raffinement.
En 1958, le gouvernement fédéral se fit le commanditaire d'une exposition d’art moderne destinée au pavillon américain de la Foire internationale de Bruxelles. De nombreux critiques (membres du Congrès conservateurs, critiques d’art traditionnels) s’élevèrent contre ce projet, en demandant qu’on y incorpore des œuvres plus anciennes et plus réalistes. L’exposition eut cependant lieu et connut un grand succès dont se réjouirent les autorités américaines. Pour de nombreux responsables américains, l’art moderne constituait une réponse aux initiatives soviétiques dans le domaine culturel ; en outre, il pouvait servir de contrepoint au Réalisme soviétique alors dominant en URSS et illustrer efficacement la propagande qui présentait les Etats-Unis comme un pays à la pointe des efforts culturels et artistiques. Enfin, on pensait que l’art moderne attirait une petite partie, très influente, de l’opinion occidentale.
Focalisation sur l’actant principal dans les passifs «longs» en anglais actuel
Authors: Malinier Yves-Bernard 
Published: September 2019

The Main Participant of the Event as Focus in “Long” Passive Sentences in Present Day English
This paper deals with the focalization of the supplementary argument in long passives as a way of capturing the hearer’s attention. The fact that there is a by-phrase in the utterance does not imply that the supplementary argument is always focalized ; it can simply be considered relevant by the speaker. The purpose of the study is to find out more about the details of the constraints affecting focalization from an enunciative point of view. The by-phrase NP will be focalized when it has a sufficient degree of notional and enunciative determinacy especially when it refers to an Agent.
The syntactic behaviour of give and provide and the operation of topicalization
Authors: Rivière Claude 
Published: September 2019

Le comportement syntaxique de Give et Provide et l’opération de topicalisation.
Cet article a pour but de déterminer les raisons du choix entre les deux constructions de GIVE et provide dans du discours authentique en étudiant des énoncés relevés dans des corpus. A l’aide d’une analyse en deux étapes, l’hypothèse fonctionnelle (Givón, 1993) sur le statut discursif des deux groupes nominaux impliqués est testée et, au bout du compte, partiellement confirmée. Cependant l’hypothèse fonctionnelle doit être complétée en tenant compte de la nature des actants auxquels réfèrent les groupes nominaux. Il faut donc considérer des facteurs à deux niveaux : le niveau du discours pour rendre compte du choix entre les deux constructions, et le niveau des actants pour expliquer la distorsion dans la proportion des groupes nominaux définis. Il y interaction entre les deux niveaux, qui se renforcent ou se contredisent.
The Mainspring of the Special Relationship : Sentiment or Interest ?
Authors: Parsons Michael 
Published: September 2019

Le moteur de la “relation spéciale” : “sentiment” ou communauté d’intérêts ?
Cet article se propose d’étudier deux domaines où les intérêts britanniques et américains n’ont pas véritablement coïncidé : la crise de la Société pétrolière anglo-iranienne du début des années 1950 et la guerre des Malouines en 1982. Ces conflits d’intérêt ont été pour l’essentiel résolus, ce qui a permis à certains de dire que l’amitié anglo-américaine est d’une singulière robustesse. Il y a eu à certains moments plus de tension, de friction et de frustration que de sentiment fraternel, mais, à d’autres, on a pu constate, un important soutien spontané qui ne peut s'expliquer seulement en termes d’intérêt national bien compris.
Privateering along the Coast of the United States, 1815-1821
Authors: Henry Monica Ana 
Published: September 2019

Les corsaires le long des côtes des Etats-Unis, 1815-1821.
Lorsque les guerres d’indépendance dans les colonies espagnoles d’Amérique éclatent, les Etats-Unis se déclarent neutres vis-à-vis de ce conflit. Cependant, des citoyens nord-américains proposent leurs services comme corsaires aux autorités révolutionnaires hispano-américaines. Et il est difficile au gouvernement de Washington d’empêcher ces citoyens de s’immiscer dans cette guerre civile et, par conséquent, de violer les lois de neutralité. Cet article analyse donc la façon dont l’administration Monroe a géré la question de neutralité à l ’époque des révolutions en Amérique espagnole.
British Perceptions of Southern Exceptionalism on the Eve of the American Civil War
Authors: Brown David , Waller David 
Published: September 2019

Perceptions britanniques de l'exceptionalisme du Sud à la veille de la guerre civile américaine.
Des études récentes ont remis en question la perception traditionnelle selon laquelle les attitudes britanniques vis-à-vis des Etats-Unis pendant la crise de la secession et la guerre civile étaient compatissantes vis-à-vis du Sud (et ainsi hostiles vis-à-vis du Nord). A partir d’une analyse de la correspondance de consuls britanniques dans les états du Sud entre 1858 et 1961 nous démontrons que les Britanniques qui avaient les liens les plus proches avec l’Amérique à cette époque était sceptiques quant aux revendications d’indépendance du Sud, et s’opposaient à la continuation de l’esclavage. En effet, l’esclavage émerge en tant qu ’obstacle majeur dans les relations entre la Grande-Bretagne et les états du Sud : le gouvernement britannique contestait la législation raciste qui contrôlait le mouvement de noirs libres dans des villes portuaires, et des consuls britanniques (ainsi que des ministres) ont rejeté les espoirs du Sud d’une alliance avec les intérêts commerciaux britanniques à cause de leur insistance sur l’esclavage. Nos conclusions rejoignent des études récentes sur les attitudes britanniques pendant la guerre qui contredisent l ’image traditionnelle de la Grande-Bretagne comme puissance proconfédérée pour des raisons d’intérêt stratégique et de prétendue consanguinuité.
PREEKLEMSİDE TANI, TEDAVİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YAKLAŞIMLARI
Authors: DOĞAN YÜKSEKOL Özlem , BAŞER Mürüvvet 
Published: September 2019

Hipertansif hastalıklar gebelikte en sık
görülen tıbbi sorunlardan bir tanesidir. Gebeliğe bağlı
hipertansif hastalıklar gebelik sırasında, doğumda veya doğumdan sonra
görülebilir. Preeklemsi, maternal
mortalite ve morbidite, preterm doğum, perinatal ölüm ve intrauterin büyüme
geriliğinin başlıca nedenlerindendir. Hemşirelik
bakımındaki temel amaç; preeklemsinin eklemsiye dönüşmesini engellemek, anne ve
bebek ölümlerini azaltmak olmalıdır.
Gebelere tehlike belirtileri öğretilmeli ve sık kontrole gelmesi
önerilmelidir. Gebelerde obstetrik acil bir durum geliştiğinde ilk temas
kuracak kişiler hemşirelerdir. Bu yüzden güncel bilimsel kanıtlar tarafından
oluşturulan hemşirelik bakımı önemlidir.
Dairesel Kesitli Türbülans Üreticilerinin Etkinlik ve Ekserji Analizi
Authors: TURGUT Emre 
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada, yatay konumlu ve eş merkezli bir ısı değiştiricisinin iç borusuna yerleştirilen dairesel kesitli türbülatörlerin, ekserji kaybı ve etkinlik üzerine olan etkileri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Deneyler; türbülatörler arası mesafenin (a=5 cm, 10 cm ve 15 cm), delik çapının (ç=0.5 mm, 1 mm ve 1.5 mm), delik sayısının 1 ve 2 adet olması durumu için ve Reynolds sayısının 10000 ile 42000 arasında değiştirilmesiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma akışkanı olarak hava kullanılmıştır. Deneylerin yapılabilmesi için gereken buhar bir kazandan elde edilmiş ve ısı değiştiricisinin iki borusu arasındaki boşluğa gönderilerek iç borunun dış yüzeyinin buhar ile temas etmesi sağlanmış ve bu şekilde yüzeyde sabit sıcaklık şartı elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda değişen durumlar için; entropi üretim oranı, ekserji ve etkinlik değerleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Renk Momentleri ve Destek Vektör Makineleri Kullanarak Haploid Mısır Tohumlarının Tanımlanmasında Renk Uzaylarının Sınıflandırma Performansına Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Yahya , KOCAMAZ Adnan Fatih 
Published: September 2019

Katlanmış haploid mısır ıslah tekniği gerek ıslah süresini kısaltması, gerekse %100 homozigot hatlar elde edilmesi açısından, geleneksel ıslah yöntemleri ile karşılaştırıldığında önemli avantajlar sağlar. Katlanmış haploid mısır ıslah yönteminde önemli işlerden biri melezleme sonucunda elde edilen haploid ve diploid tohumların ayrıştırılmasıdır. Günümüzde bu işlemin elle yapılıyor olması, emek ve zaman kaybının yanı sıra yüksek sınıflandırma hatalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, haploid mısır tohumlarının tanımlanması için bilgisayar görmesine dayalı bir yöntem önerilmiştir. 3000 mısır tohumundan oluşan veri seti üzerinde yürütülen çalışmada, k-ortalamalar kümeleme yöntemi ile mısır tohum embriyoları bölütlenmiştir. RGB, HSV ve Lab renk uzaylarında her renk kanalı için ilk dört dereceden renk momentleri çıkarılmıştır. Böylece her renk uzayı için 12 öznitelik kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen öznitelikler destek vektör makinesi ile sınıflandırılmıştır. Daha genel sonuçlar elde edebilmek için 10-kat çapraz doğrulama yöntemi 20 kez tekrar edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlara göre en iyi performans Lab renk uzayında %87,03 doğruluk, %80,15 duyarlılık ve %93,00 özgünlük değerleriyle ölçülmüştür.
Sabit Yataklı Kolonda Şeftali Çekirdeği Kabuğu Kullanılarak Sulu Çözeltilerden Basic Yellow 51’in Giderimi
Authors: POLAT İbrahim , ORHAN Ramazan 
Published: September 2019

Sabit yataklı kolon sisteminde sulu çözeltiden Basic Yellow 51 (BY51) boyar maddesinin uzaklaştırılması için tarımsal bir atık olan şeftali çekirdeği kabuğu adsorbent olarak kullanılmıştır. Adsorbentin adsorpsiyon özellikleri üzerine başlangıç BY51 boyar madde konsantrasyonu (20-60 mg/L), akış hızı (5-10 mL/dk) ve adsorbent miktarının (1.5-2.5 g) etkisi incelendi. Veriler, breakthrough (kırılma) eğrilerinin akış hızına, başlangıç boyar madde konsantrasyonuna ve adsorbent miktarına bağlı olduğunu gösterdi. En fazla adsorpsiyon kapasitesi 28.12 mg/g olarak 60 mg/L BY51 boyar madde konsantrasyonu, 5 mL/dk'lık çözelti akış hızı ve 2.0 g adsorbent miktarında elde edildi. Thomas ve Yoon-Nelson modelleri kırılma eğrilerini tahmin etmek için elde edilen deneysel verilere başarılı bir şekilde uygulandı.
Ahlat – Malazgirt Yapı Taşlarının Isıl ve Mekanik Özellikleri
Authors: BİÇER Ayşe 
Published: September 2019

.Bu çalışmada, Süphan Dağı’ndan çıkan volkanik ürünlerin soğuyup
katılaşmasıyla oluşmuş Ahlat ve Malazgirt taşlarının bazı ısıl ve mekanik
özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Ahlat taşı, Bitlis ilinin Ahlat ve Malazgirt taşı,
Muş ilinin Malazgirt ilçe merkezi ve çevresinde yaygın bir şekilde bina yapı
elemanı olarak kullanılmakta ve halk arasında işleme kolaylığı ve ısıl
özellikleri açısından övgü ile sözü edilmektedir.
Amaç, bölgede çok kullanılan taşların, bina yapı elemanı olarak gerçekte ne tür
özelliklere sahip olduğunu belirlemektir. Taşların özelliklerini belirlemek
üzere, her taş için iki ayrı taş ocağından numuneler alındı. Numunelere uygulanan ısıl ve mekanik
testler sonucu, taşların bazı özellikleri belirlenerek benzeri yapı malzemeleri
ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda, taşların, kolayca işlenebilmesi,
rezervlerinin zengin, maliyetlerinin düşük ve ısıl konfor yönünden birçok yapı
elemanına kıyasla daha iyi olması nedeniyle tercih edildiği saptanmıştır
Araneofauna (Arachnidae: Araneae) of Monte Pellegrino (Sicily, Italy): Fourth contribution to the knowledge of the Sicilian spider fauna
Authors: Dentici Antonino 
Published: September 2019

This work is a preliminary checklist of spiders living in Monte Pellegrino, near Palermo (Sicily, Italy). Monte Pellegrino, together with the Parco della Favorita, has a high biodiversity and the different vegetation types together with the particular geomorphology of the soil offers a great variety of flora and fauna.The samples were obtained over several years, with a large number of specimens. Up to date, 74 species from 63 genera and 26 families are listed.
Four species new for Sicily: Segestria bavarica C.L. Koch, 1843 (Segestridae), Monaeses paradoxus (Lucas, 1846) and Ozyptila confluens (C.L. Koch, 1845) (Thomisidae), and Episinus algiricus Lucas, 1846 (Theridiidae). Moreover, Tibellus Simon, 1875 (Philodromidae), a new genus from Sicily, was also found at Monte Pellegrino.
The studies currently carried out were mainly aimed at known areas of the mountain, such as the Gorgo di Santa Rosalia, the area around the Sanctuary of Santa Rosalia and the Addaura Caves, but other interesting areas of this locality could add new data.
Saproxylic beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) on an old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Madonie Mountains (Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Sparacio Ignazio , Viviano Roberto 
Published: September 2019

Saproxylic insects associated with old trees are seriously threatened in Europe and their habitat is severely decreased. Usually, old trees harbour a very diverse fauna of beetles with many rare species and red-listed saproxylic insect species. These insects live in the dead wood outside the tree (in branches or parts of the trunk), inside the tree hollows, in the debris, and in fungal fruit bodies.
During 2019 we collected saproxylic beetles near Monte Carbonara (Madonie Mountains, Sicily, Italy) at 1800 meters above sea level. Particularly, we studied a very old still standing beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), t with numerous cavities and parts of the trunk fallen to the ground.
Samples were collected by visually looking for beetles, on the ground and under leaves near the old beech, in its cavities and sifting the debris in the laboratory.
Up to date the results include interesting beetle species such as Osmoderma cristinae Sparacio, 1994 (Cetoniidae), Byrrhus numidicus Normand, 1935 (Byrrhidae), Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) and Morimus asper Sulzer, 1776 (Cerambycidae).
Ground beetles communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Piana degli Albanesi surroundings (Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Tetamo Andrea , Vancheri Davide , Bellavista Michele , Sparacio Ignazio 
Published: September 2019

Piana degli Albanesi (Sicily, Italy) is a mountain locality (800 meters above sea level) near Palermo. It is situated in a valley surrounded by four mountains (Pizzuta, Kumeta, Maganoce, Xeravulli) that ends at the lake of Piana degli Albanesi. Piana degli Albanesi and its surroundings are very important localities in the Sicilian entomological history with numerous records.
In this work, we show the Carabidae populations that live in this study area, with particular attention to the total number of species present and to their ecological and biogeographical characteristics.
Carabids are useful bioindicators, often used to identify habitat alterations; research focused on them allows obtaining different information on the environments studied.
La dynamique instituante des agricultures
Authors: Dubois Michel J. F. 
Published: September 2019

Le modèle agricole productiviste de la deuxième moitié du XX e siècle est désormais en fin de course et l’émergence d’un nouveau modèle ne pourra pas se construire de la même manière que le précédent. L’hypothèse soutenue ici est que cette transformation ne sera pas seulement faite avec les agriculteurs, mais par eux. Les conditions du succès exigent une forte technicité des agriculteurs, esprit d’innovation et d’entreprise, des échanges intenses entre eux, avec leurs partenaires, leurs clients, leurs coopératives, les chercheurs. Une nouvelle « culture technique agricole » est attendue et nécessaire. Elle émergera d’autant mieux que les organisations, institutions et administrations accompagneront ce changement déjà pris en main par les agriculteurs plutôt qu’elles l’orienteront selon des modalités prescriptives.