bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS OF MONOLAURIN AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT AGAINTS Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Widiyarti Galuh , Hanafi Muhammad , Soewarso Wahyudi Priyono 
Published: January 2019

The monolaurin compound had been synthesized from lauric acid and glycerol by using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as catalyst. The synthesis of monolaurin was done by batch esterification on the free solvent system. The esterification reaction was performed on the equivalent mol ratio between lauric acid and glycerol 1:1, in the presence of 5% H2SO4, at 130 °C, for 6 hours, produced ester compounds on 59.29%. The products of column chromatography on silica gel purification are monolaurin and dilaurin in amount of 31.05 and 4.48%, respectively. The monolaurin and dilaurin were identified by TLC, FTIR, GC-MS, and NMR spectrometer. The spectral data of monolaurin was compared to spectral data of standard monolaurin. The result of NMR identifications showed that synthesis products were a-monolaurin and a,a'-dilaurin. The antibacterial activity of synthesis products was tested against Staphylococcus aureus. The activity result showed that the antibacterial activity of monolaurin is more active than dilaurin. Keywords: monolaurin, esterification, identification, antibacterial activity.
DOCKING STUDIES OF CURCUMIN AS A POTENTIAL LEAD COMPOUND TO DEVELOP NOVEL DIPEPTYDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITORS
Authors: Istyastono Enade Perdana 
Published: January 2019

Interaction of curcumin to dipeptydyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has been studied by employing docking method using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) and AutoDock as the docking software applications. Although MOE can sample more conformational spaces that represent the original interaction poses than AutoDock, both softwares serve as valid and acceptable docking applications to study the interactions of small compound to DPP-4. The calculated free energy of binding (DGbinding) results from MOE and AutoDock shows that curcumin is needed to be optimized to reach similar or better DGbinding compare to the reference compound. Curcumin can be considered as a good lead compound in the development of new DPP-4 inhibitor. The results of these studies can serve as an initial effort of the further study. Keywords: curcumin, docking, molecular operating environment (MOE), AutoDock, dipeptydyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS INORGANIC ELEMENTS FROM WATER BY USING ORANGE WASTE
Authors: Inoue Katsutoshi 
Published: January 2019

Pectic acid contained in some fruits like orange and apple is natural chelating polymeric material, exhibiting excellent adsorption behavior for some cationic metal ions including toxic heavy metals such as lead and copper. In addition, it also exhibits excellent adsorption behavior for some hazardous inorganic anionic species like phosphorus, arsenic and fluoride by loading some high valence cationic metal ions like zirconium(IV) in advance.For the practical application to the removal of these hazardous inorganic elements from various waste water at cheap cost, orange juice residue was employed instead of pure pectic acid. Orange juice residue just after juicing was activated by saponification with small amount of calcium hydroxide to prepare the sorbent.Some hazardous cationic species like lead(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II) were effectively adsorbed on this sorbent, while toxic anionic species like phosphate, arsenate, arsenite and fluoride were also effectively adsorbed on zirconium(IV)-loaded sorbent. Keywords: Orange waste, Pectic acid, Natural chelating material, Heavy metals, Arsenic, Phosphorus, Adsorption, Removal, Water
THE EFFECT OF PROCESS CONDITIONS IN PREPARATION OF VEGETABLE BROTH AS SAVORY FLAVOR FROM MUNG BEANS (<i>Phaseolus radiatus</i> L.) USING INOCULUM OF <i>Rhizopus</i>-C<sub>1</sub>
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Aspiyanto Aspiyanto , Melanie Hakiki , Maryati Yati 
Published: January 2019

Preparation of vegetable broth from mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.) in semi pilot scale is an attempt development to get product of savory flavor in larger scale. The aim of this activity was to find out the effect of process multiplication on composition of vegetable broth from mung beans using inoculum of Rhizopus-C1 through brine fermentation in mixtures of inoculum, salt, and mung beans of 26, 23, and 51 %. This activity was conducted in both temperature of fermentation (room temperature and 30 °C), various time of fermentation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks) and process scales, namely laboratory scale (300 g) and semi pilot scale (± 25 kg), respectively. The result of experiment indicated that fermentation temperature and time and process scales were tend to affect on composition of product. The length of fermentation time would increase concentrations of dissolved protein, N-amino and reducing sugar, decreased concentrations of fat and Volatile Reduction Substance (VRS), while concentrations of total protein, and water were tend to be constant in laboratory and semi pilot scales at the both process temperatures. Multiplication in preparation process of inoculum (7 kg) using starter of Rhizopus-C1 resulted inoculum with activities of proteolytic of 0.71 U/g, and amilolytic of 17.5 U/g at 56 h of incubation. The whole process in semi pilot scale decreased composition of products. The optimal treatment based on recovery of total protein, and the highest amino acids as N-amino in semi pilot scale was at fermentation temperature of 30 ºC for 10 weeks with concentrations of water of 44.96%, total protein of 11.77% (dry matter), dissolved protein of 8 mg/mL, N-amino of 15.4 mg/mL, reducing sugar of 582.5 mg/mL, fat of 0.26% and, VRS of 90 µeq.reduction/g. Keywords: Brine fermentation, vegetable broth, mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.), Rhizopus-C1, semi pilot
LATTICE ENERGY DETERMINATION AND MOLECULAR SIMULATION OF PEROVSKITE OXIDES
Authors: Tehubijuluw Hellna , Ismunandar Ismunandar 
Published: January 2019

Determination of lattice energy, U, is an important work for ionic compounds, due to it is the driving force in the compounds formation. The objective this work are twofold, firstly to determine lattice energy of perovskite oxide using an approximate equation and compare lattice energy from the resulted simple equation and molecular simulation results. The perovskite oxides used on this study were rare-earth orthoferite (LnFeO3) and aluminate (LnAlO3). These ionic terner compounds adopt space group Pbnm or R-3c. Lattice energy of perovskite oxides were calculated using Glasser, (G), Glasser-Jenkins, (GJ), and Yoder-Flora, (YF) equations. Plots of Born-Haber lattice energies (U(BHC)) vs. U(G), U(GJ) and U(YF) resulted in R2 = 0.8872, 0.5919, and 0.9982. Thus the obtained best fit was U(BHC) vs. U(YF). The simple equation describing the best plot wasUperovskite oxide =[1,0579U(YF) - 835,06] kJ/mol. Molecular simulation method has also been carried out to determine lattice energy and the obtained results were compared with those obtained from simple lattice energy equation, good agreement were obtained in these two oxides series. The obtained structural parameters also agreed well with those obtained from X-ray diffraction studies. Keywords: lattice energy, perovskite oxides, lattice energy equation, and molecular simulation
AFFINITY BIOSENSOR BASED ON SCREEN-PRINTED ELECTRODE MODIFIED WITH DNA FOR GENOTOXIC COMPOUNDS DETECTION
Authors: Kuswandi Bambang 
Published: January 2019

An electrochemical method for the detection of the genotoxic compounds using a DNA-modified electrode was developed. This electrode was successfully used for the electrochemical detection of genotoxic compounds in water samples. The electrochemical results clearly demonstrated that, the development is related to the molecular interaction between the surface-linked DNA obtained from calf thymus and the target compounds, such as pollutants, in order to develop a simple device for rapid screening of genotoxic compounds in environmental samples. The detection of such compounds was measured by their effect on the oxidation signal of the guanine peak of the DNA immobilised on the surface of carbon based Screen-Printed Electrode (SPE) in disposable mode, and monitored by square-wave voltametric analysis. The DNA biosensor is able to detect known intercalating and groove-binding genotoxic compounds such as Dioxin, Bisphenol A, PCBs, and Phtalates. Application to real water samples is discussed and reported. Keywords: electrochemical, screen-printed electrode, DNA biosensor, genotoxic compounds
SOLVATOCHROMIC AND SUBSTITUENT EFFECT ON ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION OF ARENETRICARBONYLCHROMIUM(0) COMPLEXES
Authors: Purwoko Agus Abhi 
Published: January 2019

A number of arenetricarbonylchromium(0) complexes, [(η6-arene)Cr(CO)3], in which arene = benzene, chlorobenzene, phenyltrimethylsilane, and acenaphthene were synthesized. Electronic absorptions of these complexes were recorded in various solvents, ranging from polar to non polar ones; i.e. methanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, benzene, and isooctane. These chromium tricarbonyl complexes show lowest electronic absorption in the energy range of 313 - 320 nm, with relatively high intensity (ε = 0,9 - 2,0 x 104 M-1cm-1). Detailed discussion of the solvent and substituent effect on electronic absorption of these complexes are presented in this article. Keywords: solvatochromic and substituent effect, chromium tricarbonyl complexes, electronic absorption
EFFECT OF PALM EMPTY BUNCH ASH ON TRANSESTERIFICATION OF PALM OIL INTO BIODIESEL
Authors: Sibarani Johan , Khairi Syahrul , Yoeswono Yoeswono , Wijaya Karna , Tahir Iqmal 
Published: January 2019

Biodiesel conversion from transesterification reaction palm oil with methanol was studied by using an ash of palm empty bunch as a base catalyst. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and indicator titration analysis were used as tools for characterization of ash sample. Chemical structure of biodiesel was analyzed by GC-MS. The effects of ash sample weight (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g) immersed in 75 mL methanol and the methanol-palm oil mol ratio (3:1; 6:1; 9:1 and 12:1) toward the conversion of biodiesel were investigated. Biodiesel was prepared by refluxing palm oil and methanol containing ash sample. The reflux was done at room temperature for 2 h. Ester layer was distillated at 74 oC, extracted with aquadest and then dried using Na2SO4 anhydrous. The product was characterized by GC-MS, ASTM D 1298 (specific gravity 60/60 °F), ASTM D 97 (pour point), ASTM D 2500 (cloud point), ASTM D 93 (flash point), ASTM D 445 (kinematics viscosity 40 °C) and ASTM D 482 (ash content). The result of GC-MS analysis showed that methyl palmitate is primary content of biodiesel product. A 15 g weight of ash sample gave the maximum biodiesel conversion. By increasing methanol mole quantity, biodiesel conversion increased progressively and maximum at 9:1 methanol-palm oil ratio (84.12 %) and decreased on 12:1 ratio (75.58 %). Most of the biodiesel products were similar to those of the diesel physical characters. Keywords: Biodiesel conversion, transesterification, palm oil, palm empty bunch
SYNTHESIS OF THE ISOQUINO-[2,1-c][1,3]-BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE FROM PAPAVERINE
Authors: Sudarma I Made , Bremner John 
Published: January 2019

The objective of this research was to synthesize isoquino[2,1-c][1,3]benzodiazepine from papaverine alkaloid. Functional Group Interconversion (FGI) and Carbon -Nitrogen bond connection approach was investigated. Papaverine (1) was nitrated by HNO3 to compound (2) and followed by reduction with Sn and HCl to afford aminonorlaudanosine (3). Formation of cyclic benzodiazepine (4) was achieved by reaction of (3) with CS2. Products of reactions were confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonances (n.m.r), Mass Spectrum, and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Keywords: isoquino[2,1-c][1,3]benzodiazepine, papaverine
PREPARATION OF MESOPOROUS TITANIA-SILICA AEROGELS BY CO<sub>2</sub> SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION
Authors: Tursiloadi Silvester , Mansur Dinie , Meliana Yeny , Efendi Ruslan 
Published: January 2019

Stable anatase is attractive because of its notable functions for photocatalysis and photon-electron transfer. TiO2-nanoparticles dispersed SiO2 wet gels were prepared by hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9n)4 and Si(OC2H5)4 in a 2-propanol solution with acid catalyst. The solvent in the wet gels was supercritically extracted using CO2 at 60 oC and 22 Mpa in one-step. Thermal evolution of the microstructure of the extracted gels (aerogels) was evaluated by XRD measurements, TEM and N2 adsorption measurements. The as-extracted aerogel with a large specific surface area, more than 365 m2g-1, contained anatase nanoparticles, about 5 nm in diameter. The anatase phase was stable after calcinations at temperatures up to 1000 oC, and BET specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter did not change significantly after calcinations at temperature up to 800 oC. Keywords: Stable anatase, sol-gel, CO2 supercritical extraction.
TRANSPORT OF Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, AND Ag<sup>+</sup> IONS THROUGH BULK LIQUID MEMBRANE CONTAINING p-tert-BUTYLCALIX[4]ARENE –TETRACARBOXYLIC ACID AS ION CARRIER
Authors: Maming Maming , Jumina Jumina , Siswanta Dwi , Sastrohamidjojo Hardjono 
Published: January 2019

The research on transport of Cr3+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Ag+ through bulk liquid membrane using p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetracarboxylic acid as ions carrier has been conducted. The aims of this research were to determine optimum condition, efficiency, and selectivity of transport of the ions carriers to those ions. Both optimum condition and efficiency of transport were obtained by determination of transported ions concentration with pH variation of source phase, ionic carrier concentration, nature of stripping agent in target phase, and transport time. The transport selectivity of ions carrier was obtained from experiments of equimolar mixture ions transport competition. Amount of Cr3+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ag+ transported across liquid membrane were about 6, 80, 84 and 87 % respectively after being transported for 48 h. The ion carrier was selective for both Pb2+ ion (separation factors are 9.6 for Ag+ ion, 1.9 for Cd2+ ion and infinite for Cr3+ ion) and Ag+ ion (separation factors are 1.8 for Cd2+ and infinite for both Pb2+ and Cr3+ ions). This system represents a proton-coupled transport with flow of protons in the opposite direction. Keywords: transport, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetracarboxylic acid, efficiency, selectivity, bulk liquid membrane, heavy metals,
EFFECT OF SODIUM DODECYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID (SDBS) ON THE GROWTH RATE AND MORPHOLOGY OF BORAX CRYSTAL
Authors: Suharso Suharso 
Published: January 2019

An investigation of the effect of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (SDBS) on both growth rate and morphology of borax crystal has been carried out. This experiment was carried out at temperature of 25 °C and relative supersaturation of 0.21 and 0.74 under in situ cell optical microscopy method. The result shows that SDBS inhibits the growth rate and changes the morphology of borax crystal. Keywords: Borax; growth rate; crystallization, SDBS
THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-DIMETHYL-6,7-DIMETHOXY-3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE FROM METHYLEUGENOL : APPLICATION OF RITTER REACTION FOR DIRECTLY CYCLIZATION
Authors: Rahman M. Farid , Iftitah Elvina Dhiaul 
Published: January 2019

The synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline from methyleugenol with application of Ritter reaction for directly cyclization was presented. This research was carried out in 2 steps : (1) Determination of intermediate stability that undergo in the reaction by using hyperchem version 6 with AM 1 semi empirical method, and (2) Synthesis of dihydroisoquinoline from methyleugenol and acetonitrile with acid catalyst (H2SO4) in the laboratory. The result of AM 1 calculation found that generally, the intermediate encourage the formation dihydroisoquinoline product, had low energy were compared with the intermediate in other product. Therefore, the dihydroisoquinoline product was easily formed. The result of experimental laboratory found that dihydroisoquinoline could be synthesed from methyleugenol and acetonitrile in the presence sulphuric acid under reflux in 74,92% yields. In despite, the minor product was formed with amount 6,74%. While the reaction at room temperature gave dihydroisoquinoline in poor yield about 11,42%. Keywords: stability of intermediate, dihydroisoquinoline, Ritter reaction
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION FLAVONOID COMPOUND FROM THE STEM BARK OF <i>Saccopetalum horsfieldii</i> BENN
Authors: Mahmiah Mahmiah 
Published: January 2019

Isolation and identification flavonoid compound from the stem bark of Indonesian plant Saccopetalum horsfieldii Benn. Annonaceae family have been done. Extraction was carried out by maseration method using methanol at room temperature, the product was then extracted by n-hexane and etil acetate. Etil acetate extract separation carried out by liquid vacuum column chromatography and flash column chromatography. The product purificated by recristalization using acetone p.a. into yellow solid that having melting point of 224-226 °C. The structure of flavonoid compound was determinated by spectroscopy method : UV-vis, IR, 1H-NMR and 12C-NMR. The flavonoid compound known as quercetin-3,7-dimetil eter or 3,7-dimetoksi quercetin. Keywords: Saccopetalum horsfieldii Benn, flavonoid, chromatography, quercetin
NANOSIZE STRUCTURE OF SELF-ASSEMBLY SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE: A STUDY BY SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING (SANS)
Authors: Putra Edy Giri Rachman , Ikram Abarrul 
Published: January 2019

Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) investigation on the self-assembly sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) molecules as a function of concentration and additives has been carried out. SANS spectrometer which has been completely installed at the neutron scattering laboratory (NSL) BATAN in Serpong, Indonesia has played most important role to determine the growth (size) and also the shapes of a micelle structure. In this works we report that spherical micelle structure with a radius of 16.7 Å will transform to ellipsoidal or rod-like micelle structure with the long axis extends up to 50 Å by increasing the concentration of SDS. Similar to that the micelle structures change by addition of salt in SDS micellar solutions. Keywords: nanostructure, micelle, self-assembly
A NOVEL METHOD OF THE HYDRIDE SEPARATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY BY AAS
Authors: Supriyanto Ganden , Simon Jürgen 
Published: January 2019

A novel method is proposed for the hydride separation when determinining of arsenic and antimony by AAS. A chromatomembrane cell was used as preconcentration-, extraction- and separation-manifold instead of the U-tube phase separator, which is normally fitted in continuous flow vapour systems generating conventionaly the hydrides. The absorbances of the hydrides produced were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 193.7 nm and 217.6 nm. Under optimized analytical conditions, the calibration plot for arsenic was linear from 50 to 500 ng.mL-1 (r2 = 0.9982). The precision for three subsequent measurements of 500 ng.mL-1 arsenic gave rise to a relative standard deviation of 0.4%. The detection limit was 15 ng.mL-1, which is much lower compared with that of the conventional hydride system (2000 ng.mL-1). A similar result was observed in case of antimony: the detection limit was 8 ng.mL-1 when the proposed method was applied. Consequently, the sensitivity of the novel method surpasses systems with conventional hydride generation, i.e. the precision and the acuracy increase whereas the standard deviation and the detection limit decrease. The proposed method was applied in pharmacheutial analysis and the certified As-content of a commercial product was very sufficiently confirmed. Keywords: Chromatomembrane Cell, Hydride separation, Arsenic detection, Antimony detection, AAS
SQUARE WAVE CATHODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY ADSORPTIVE FOR NICKEL AND COBALT ANALYSIS
Authors: Saryati Saryati , Sumardjo Sumardjo 
Published: January 2019

The adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of Ni and Co based on adsorption of the Ni/Co and dimethylglioxime (DMG) complex on a hanging mercury drop electrode is studied. The reduction current of the adsorbed DMG complex is measured by square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry method. The effect of various parameters such as ligand concentration, pH of supporting electrolytic, adsorption potential and adsorption time on the current peak of Ni and Co voltammogram were studied. Optimum condition of this method are supporting electrolyte pH 9, DMG concentration 5×10 -4 M, adsorption potential -0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl and adsorption time 180 second. A linier relationship between the current peak and Ni or Co concentration was obtained in the range 5 - 30 ng/mL and the detection limit 0.6 ng/ml for both Ni and Co. The recovery of Ni and Co were 98.11-104.17% using standard biological materials with RSD 2.59 - 10.37%. Based on ";t"; test can be conclude that the result are nearly equal to the standard reference material. Keywords: adsorptive stripping voltammetric, dimethylglioxime complex, nickel, cobalt
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FLAVONOID COMPOUND EXTRACTIRE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION EXTRACTED FROM THE RHIZOMES FINGERROOT OF <i>(Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht) (Zingiberaceae)</i>
Authors: Sari Ochtavia Prima , Taufiqurrohmah Titik 
Published: January 2019

Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht is one of fingerroot plant in ginger family (Zingiberaceae). The rhizomes of the plant contained a lot of secondary metabolites compounds. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to isolate and identify the flavonoid compound from the plant. The rhizomes were extracted with metanol continued by partition using ethyl acetate-water (1:1). The ethyl acetate extract was chromatographed on a column of Si gel (Vacuum Liquid Chromatography and Gravitation Column Chromatography) using n-hexane-ethyl acetate (5:2) as eluents. Further purification by recristalization using benzene produced a compound as yellow powder (16 mg) having melting point of 294-295 oC. The spectra of isolated compound were determined by spectroscopic UV-Vis, FT-IR, and GC-MS. Spectrum UV-Vis of the isolated compound showed ultraviolet absorption at λmax (MeOH, nm) 290 and 322; λmax (MeOH+NaOH, nm) 322; λmax (MeOH+AlCl3, nm) 309; λmax (MeOH+AlCl3+HCl, nm) 310; λmax (MeOH+NaOAc, nm) 322 and λmax (MeOH+NaOAc+H3BO3, nm) 290. Its FT-IR spectrum represented a number of absorption lied on νmax (cm-1) : 3142.5; 3012.6; 2893; 2345.3; 1631.7; 1585.4; 1357.8; 1168.8; and 825.5. GC-MS spectrum of the isolated compound exhibited an [M]+ ion peak at m/z = 256 with retention time of 22,579. Based on the results of spectrum analysis it can be concluded that the compound is 5,7-dyhydroxyflavanone. Keywords: 5,7-dyhydroxyflavanone, Boesenbergia pandurata, ethyl asetat, fingerroot