bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilgrims and Profits
Authors: Frary Lucien 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Russian Company of Steam Navigation and Trade (Русское общество пароходства и торговли, or ROPiT) during the second half of the nineteenth century was more closely connected with national politics than any other merchant marine in the world. Politically, ROPiT enabled the Russian state to penetrate the tangled web of rivalry and prejudice that epitomized this era of European imperialism. Commercially, ROPiT improved the empire’s international trade and communications, while providing a foundation for the training of sailors. ROPiT also performed crucial postal services and yielded a useful fleet of transport vessels for public and private use. Based on company records and passengers’ reports, this paper focuses on the functioning of ROPiT as an aspect of the upsurge of pilgrimages to the sacred places of the Orthodox East during the late imperial period. It argues that ROPiT helped assert Russian influence and generate a sense of community within the Orthodox realm, from the Neva to the Nile.
Vortex Spinup Process in the Extratropical Transition of Hurricane Sandy (2012)
Authors: Shin Jung Hoon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study utilizes the quasi-Lagrangian azimuthal momentum equation (i.e., budget calculation) and 1.667-km-resolution numerical simulation data to study the intensity and structural changes in Hurricane Sandy’s extratropical transition. The results indicate that after the onset of extratropical transition, Sandy maintains an eyewall-like convection and warm core in the core region and has a frontal structure in the outer region. In the outer region, baroclinicity-driven frontal convection induces extensive planetary boundary layer (PBL) inflow, causing an inward advection of absolute angular momentum (AAM) per unit radius, which generates outer local wind maxima and expands Sandy’s outer wind field through a spinup process. Moreover, because the outer tangential wind velocity accelerates in a frontal convection, local wind maxima associated with fronts can expand to the outer sides of frontal regions. Frontal convection increases AAM in the outer region, providing the precondition for reintensification; however, the front itself cannot cause Sandy’s reintensification. The eyewall-like convection in the core region still plays an important role in Sandy’s reintensification. When the baroclinic zone, where a strong horizontal temperature gradient exists, approaches the core region, the eyewall-like convection is enhanced because the warm, moist air of the core region is lifted by the cold, dry air associated with the approaching baroclinic zone. Consequently, owing to the enhancement of eyewall-like convection, the PBL inflow, which extends from the outer region to the core region, develops. This inflow increases the inward transportation of the outer frontal region’s high-AAM air, thus leading to spinning up the core region’s wind and reintensification.
Making Language Real: Developing Communicative and Professional Competences Through Global Simulation
Authors: Perez Yuddy , Poole Paige 
Published: August 2019

Background. Simulation is used in the classroom as an effective way of connecting students to real-life scenarios and tasks. In foreign language teaching, simulations are used to develop students’ communicative competences through authentic tasks and activities. In content classes, simulations generally work to develop students’ professional competences related to the area of study. In Global Simulation, an entire course is transformed into a simulated world in which students take on real-life roles and responsibilities. This type of simulation makes it possible for students to develop both communicative and professional competencies simultaneously in a meaningful learning environment. Aim. This article focuses on presenting a Global Simulation carried out in an English for Health Sciences course that could be adapted to any English course for the Health Sciences area, especially those with students who will have contact with the community (e.g., Nursing, Medicine, Public Health, among others). Method. Immersed in a simulation of a center for disease control and health promotion, English for Health Sciences students are organized in teams of 5-6 with each student assigned a specific role within the team and center. Each team receives a total of three cases they must address through the design and implementation of an educational health campaign which is carried out within an authentic community. A survey was used at the end of the simulation to evaluate students’ perceptions and experience. Results and Conclusion. Overall, students’ perceptions were positive. Responses to the survey showed students find the simulation relevant and pertinent to their field of study and authentic in terms of the tasks and activities carried out. Likewise, they highlight development of professional competences and advantages to this type of English as a Foreign Language course as compared to a more traditional, teacher-centered approach, emphasizing improvement in their communicative competences, particularly in oral skills.
The Outcomes of Induction Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery for Clinical T3-4 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kanzaki Ryu , Ose Naoko , Funaki Soichiro , Shintani Yasushi , Minami Masato , Suzuki Osamu , Kida Hiroshi , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Okumura Meinoshin 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: Information on the short- and long-term outcomes of induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for cT3-4 non-small cell lung cancer is limited. We analyzed the short- and long-term outcomes of induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for cT3-4 non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for cT3-4 non-small cell lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed (initial treatment group, n = 31). Their results were compared to those patients who underwent surgery as an initial treatment during the same period (initial surgery group, n = 35). Results: Downstaging was achieved in 14 (45%) patients in the initial treatment group. R0 resection was achieved in 28 (90%) patients in the initial treatment group and 31 (88%) patients in the initial surgery group. The 90-day mortality rate was 3% in each group. Postoperative complications occurred in 16 (52%) patients in the initial treatment group and 13 (37%) patients in the initial surgery group. The 5-year overall survival rate of the initial treatment group was significantly higher than that of the initial surgery group (62.6% vs 43.5%, P = .04). The 5-year overall survival rates of the initial treatment N0-1 group and the initial surgery N0-1 group were 88.9% and 49.3%, respectively; the difference was statistically significant ( P = .02). Multivariate analysis using 4 factors (age [≤65 vs >65], cN [cN0-1 vs cN2], general condition [chemoradiotherapy fit vs chemoradiotherapy unfit], and treatment mode [induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery vs surgery as an initial treatment]) revealed that treatment mode (induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery) and cN status (cN0-1) were significantly associated with good overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusions: Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for cT3-4 non-small cell lung cancer could be performed with an acceptable degree of surgical risk. At present, it is thought to be one of the reasonable treatment approaches for selected patients with cT3-4 disease, even those with a cN0-1 status.
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Exhibit a More Mineralized Deep Cartilage Layer Compared with Nondiabetic Controls: A Pilot Study
Authors: Foreman Sarah C. , Ashmeik Walid , Baal Joe D. , Han Misung , Bahroos Emma , von Schacky Claudio E. , Carl Michael , Krug Roland , Joseph Gabby B. , Link Thomas M. 
Published: August 2019

Objective To assess differences in biochemical composition of the deep cartilage layer in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic controls using UTE (ultra-short echo time) T2* mapping and to investigate the association of vascular health and UTE T2* measurements. Design Ten subjects with T2DM matched for age, sex, and body mass index with 10 nondiabetic controls. A 3D UTE sequence with 6 echo times was acquired using 3T magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. For UTE T2* analysis, the deep cartilage layer was segmented and analyzed in 5 compartments (patella, medial, and lateral femur and tibia). The ankle brachial index (ABI) was obtained in all subjects. Linear regression analyses were used to assess associations of T2DM and UTE T2* relaxation times and the associations of ABI measurements and UTE measurements. Results Compared with nondiabetic controls, T2DM subjects had significantly lower mean T2*-UTE in the patella (mean difference 4.87 ms; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-8.65; P = 0.015), the lateral tibia (mean difference 2.26 ms; 95% CI 0.06-4.45; P = 0.045), and the lateral femur (mean difference 4.96 ms; 95% CI 0.19-9.73; P = 0.043). Independent of diabetic status, subjects with higher ABI values, indicating better vascular health, had higher T2*-UTE of the patella (coefficient 15.2; 95% CI 3.3-21.4; P = 0.017), the medial tibia (coefficient 9.8; 95% CI 1.0-18.6; P = 0.031), and the lateral femur (coefficient 18.8; 95% CI 3.3-34.3; P = 0.021). Conclusions T2*-UTE measurements of the deep cartilage layer were consistently lower in subjects with T2DM and in subjects with impaired vascular health, likely indicating increased mineralization of this layer.
Current status of the management and outcomes of acute aortic dissection in Japan: Analyses of nationwide Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases-Diagnostic Procedure Combination data
Authors: Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Nakai Michikazu , Sumita Yoko , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Matsuda Hitoshi , Inoue Yousuke , Yoshino Hideaki , Okita Yutaka , Minatoya Kenji , Ueda Yuichi , Ogino Hitoshi 
Published: August 2019

Background:Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and management, the mortality of acute aortic dissection remains high. This study aims to clarify the current status of the management and outcome of acute aortic dissection in Japan.Methods:A total of 18,348 patients with acute aortic dissection (type A: 10,131, type B: 8217) in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases database between April 2012–March 2015 were studied. Characteristics, clinical presentation, management, and in-hospital outcomes were analyzed.Results:Seasonal onset variation (autumn- and winter-dominant) was found in both types. More than 90% of patients underwent computed tomography for primary diagnosis. The overall in-hospital mortality of types A and B was 24.3% and 4.5%, respectively. The mortality in type A patients managed surgically was significantly lower than in those not receiving surgery (11.8% (799/6788) vs 49.7% (1663/3343); p&lt;0.001). The number of cases managed endovascularly in type B increased 2.2-fold during the period, and although not statistically significant, the mortality gradually decreased (5.2% to 4.1%, p=0.49). Type A showed significantly longer length of hospitalization (median 28 days) and more than five times higher medical costs (6.26 million Japanese yen) than those in type B. The mean Barthel index at discharge was favorable in both type A (89.0±22.6) and type B (92.6±19.0). More than two-thirds of type A patients and nearly 90% of type B patients were directly discharged home.Conclusions:This nationwide study elucidated the clinical features and outcomes in contemporary patients with acute aortic dissections in real-world clinical practice in Japan.
Prevalence and aggressiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma in surgically-treated graves’ disease patients: A retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: You Eunice , Mascarella Marco A. , Al Jassim Abrar , Forest Veronique-Isabelle , Hier Michael P. , Tamilia Michael , Pusztaszeri Marc , Payne Richard J. 
Published: August 2019

Background Reported rates of thyroid cancer in Graves’ disease (GD) vary widely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), including aggressive forms, in GD compared to matched controls undergoing thyroidectomy. Furthermore, it seeks to elucidate any patient- or tumour-associated factors predictive of malignancy or an aggressive course. Methods We performed a matched cohort study of GD patients undergoing thyroidectomy at our institution between 2006 to 2018. Clinicodemographic factors, preoperative characteristics, surgical factors, final histopathology as well postoperative course were collected. Aggressive PTC was defined as evidence of lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, gross vascular invasion and/or aggressive histologic variants. Prevalence of PTC was compared with sex, age and nodule size-matched euthyroid patients that underwent thyroidectomy in the same time period. Results A total of 132 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 46 (±14) years. Malignancy was identified in 36/66 (55%) patients with GD; 20/66 (30%) were incidental carcinomas and 9/66 (14%) were associated with aggressive pathologic features. In the aggressive group, lymph node metastasis to the central compartment was present in 8 (12%) cases, extrathyroidal extension in 4 (6%) cases and one (1.5%) patient had a diffuse sclerosing tumor variant. No significant differences in outcome were found between the two groups. GD patients were more likely to have incidental carcinomas ( p = 0.035). Adjusting for baseline patient characteristics, GD patients demonstrated an increased likelihood of harbouring a malignancy (odds ratio (OR) = 2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–7.18) compared to controls. Conclusion More than half of patients with GD undergoing thyroidectomy had concurrent thyroid malignancy with aggressive features present in 14% of patients. GD may confer a heightened risk of thyroid cancer; thyroid nodules should therefore be carefully investigated.
Multiproxy sedimentary organic matter analysis of the upper Wolfcamp Formation in the Collier-1201 well, southeastern Delaware Basin, Texas
Authors: MacRitchie Colin , Zobaa Mohamed K. 
Published: August 2019

Horizontal drilling and multistage fracturing designs have recently made the Wolfcamp shale horizons a highly sought-after and low-cost oil opportunity at a time of market volatility. One current challenge is that the Wolfcamp shale horizons are unpredictable, especially in acreages with limited well control and seismic data. Sedimentary organic matter (palynofacies) analysis can delineate thermal maturity windows, determine kerogen types, and reflect depositional environments to aid in realizing hydrocarbon potential. We palynologically processed 16 samples at roughly 3 m intervals from the upper Wolfcamp section of the Collier-1201 well in Reeves County, Texas. We examined the prepared microscope slides in transmitted light to quantify (point count) and describe the organic facies in each sample. Additionally, we integrated organic geochemical data to corroborate palynofacies analysis. We classified most of the observed organic matter particles as highly degraded phytoclasts with unidentifiable terrestrial palynomorphs. The palynofacies and organic geochemical data indicate a mixed type-II/III kerogen (oil- and gas-prone materials) characterized by substantial terrigenous input. All samples displayed a high degree of thermal maturity from immense overburden as the Delaware Basin subsided and the overlying beds compacted. The lithologic and organic facies of the studied interval reflect fluctuating proximal marine conditions.
Protective effects and mechanisms of microRNA-182 on oxidative stress in RHiN
Authors: Li Lihua , Peng Wenna , Tian Xiangrong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo explore protective effects and related mechanisms of microRNA-182 (miR-182) on oxidative stress in rat hippocampal neurons (RHiN), RHiN cells. As the results, the survival rate and superoxide dismutase levels in H2O2 group were significantly lower than H2O2+miR-182 group (all P<0.05). The malondialdehyde levels and apoptosis rate in H2O2+miR-182 group were significantly lower than H2O2 group (all P<0.05). The mRNA levels and expression levels of mTOR and PI3K in H2O2+miR-182 group were higher than those in H2O2 group (both P<0.05). The experiment of cerebral ischemic oxidative stress model rats showed that the survival rate, apoptosis rate, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in miR-182 group were better than model control group. The positive staining intensity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (mTOR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in model control group were significantly lower than miR-182 group (all P<0.05). Increased levels of miR-182 can reduce the damage of H2O2 treatments in RHiN cells. Oxidative stress is decreased in the neuronal cells possibly by activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
The novel solution of ball valve with replaceable orifice. Numerical and field tests
Authors: Romanik Grzegorz , Rogula Janusz 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of numerical calculations and experimental results of a flow through the orifice. Such a measuring device was built-into the ball valve that gave unique possibility of the orifice exchange without the pipeline disassemble. The advantages of using the prototypical solution has been described. This patented solution has been tested extensively for the durability and tightness. The article contains comparison between flow character in the case of single-hole orifice and a multi-nozzle one. The prototypical measuring device has been produced and assembled in compressed air system in the Power Plant Opole, that gave experimental verification of theoretical approach.
The Parliamentary Form of Government and Its Evolution in Recent Years
Authors: Ferrari Giuseppe Franco 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the forms of government, with particular attention to the relationship of confidence between Parliament and Government. After an introductory paragraph concerning the classification of the forms of Government according to the presence or absence of a relationship of confidence, the author analyses, from a comparative perspective, the rationalization machineries offered to the vote of confidence and the vote of no-confidence. The article outlines some possible future scenarios in the light of the transformation of the form of Government from the classic Cabinet version to new models.
Selection of an Efficient Linear State Estimator for Unified Real Time Dynamic State Estimation in Indian Smart Grid
Authors: Mobin Naheed , Rihan Mohd , Zuhaib Mohd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As electricity demand is continuously increasing, the complexity and criticality of the power system infrastructure is increasing. After suffering from world’s largest power blackout on 30th and 31st July, 2012, the Indian power grids are now adopting the smart grid technologies to prevent such massive power failures. It initiated with the installation of PMUs on each strategically selected critical location in the entire grid under the Real Time Dynamic State measurements (URTDSM) scheme to attain the complete observability of the system. However, attainment of complete observability further demands selection of accurate and fast SE algorithm which is still a challenging task. The aim of this paper is to recommend the most efficient and accurate state estimator based on Linear State Estimation (LSE) algorithms for efficient real time monitoring and control of the grid, especially for Indian Power Grid. The performance test was conducted on two different SE algorithms, the Weighted Least Square (WLS) algorithm and recursive Kalman Filter algorithm. The test results are obtained on Indian 75-bus transmission system and validation is done by comparing the test results with the results obtained on standard IEEE-39 bus test system. Based on the performance comparison of the two algorithms, the selection of most suitable algorithm to be implemented in Indian power grid is achieved.
Die Evolution des Apostrophgebrauchs
Authors: Kempf Luise 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert den Apostrophgebrauch zwischen 1600 und 1900 auf Basis des DTA (Deutsches Textarchiv). Im Zentrum steht die Frage nach der Entwicklung vom phonographischen zum morphographischen Zeichen. Eine erste aktive Phase in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jh. bleibt weitgehend auf phonographischen Gebrauch in belletristischen Texten begrenzt. In einer zweiten Phase (ab ca. 1770 bis 1900) erreichen morphographische Verwendungen (v. a. als Genitiv- und Derivationsapostroph) Spitzenwerte von bis zu 86 % (1880er Jahre, Textklasse Wissenschaft), wobei Sprachkontakteinflüsse sehr wahrscheinlich sind. Ein Rückgang morphographischer Apostrophe in den 1890er Jahren hängt höchstwahrscheinlich mit der dahingehenden Kodifizierung zusammen. Somit zeigen sich am Gegenstand des Apostrophs interessante Verflechtungen zwischen natürlichen, universellen Tendenzen (hier: einer leserfreundlichen Vertiefung des Schriftsystems) und soziohistorischen Faktoren (hier: Sprachkontakt und Kodifizierung).
„Alte“ Daten, neue Methoden
Authors: Flick Johanna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDer Beitrag stellt den Grammatikalisierungspfad des Definitartikels im Deutschen mit einer Korpusuntersuchung auf den Prüfstand und widmet sich dabei auch den methodischen Herausforderungen, die mit der Auswertung althochdeutscher Quellen einhergehen. Die Basis für die Untersuchung bilden die größten Textdenkmäler aus demReferenzkorpus Altdeutsch, die mit eigenen Annotationen angereichert wurden, darunter Definitheitskontexte und Belebtheit. Im Rahmen der diachronen Konstruktionsgrammatik lässt sich die Entwicklung des Definitartikels als Konstruktionalisierung der Struktur [dër+ N] begreifen: Das ursprüngliche Demonstrativumdërverliert seine demonstrative Bedeutung und erschließt neue Gebrauchskontexte, in denen die eindeutige Identifizierbarkeit des Referenten auch unabhängig von der Gesprächssituation gewährleistet ist. Die Expansion des Artikels ist belebtheitsgesteuert und wird durch strukturelle Umbauprozesse auf NP-Ebene begleitet.
Analyse syntaktischer Phänomene mit dem Referenzkorpus Mittelniederdeutsch / Niederrheinisch (1200–1650)
Authors: Barteld Fabian , Dreessen Katharina , Ihden Sarah , Schröder Ingrid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Das Referenzkorpus Mittelniederdeutsch / Niederrheinisch (1200–1650) (kurz: ReN) enthält mittelniederdeutsche und niederrheinische Handschriften, Drucke und Inschriften, die diplomatisch transkribiert, lemmatisiert und grammatisch annotiert sind und unter anderem über das Such- und Visualisierungstool ANNIS genutzt werden können. Das ReN bietet mit diesen Daten die Grundlage für Analysen auf unterschiedlichen Sprachebenen und liefert damit einen entscheidenden Beitrag für die Erarbeitung einer neuen wissenschaftlichen mittelniederdeutschen Grammatik. Um Einblicke in die tatsächlichen sprachlichen Gegebenheiten und die Verbreitung syntaktischer Phänomene zu erhalten, sind Analysen in einem umfangreichen und strukturierten Korpus wie dem ReN unabdingbar. Anhand zweier Beispiele, der wēsen-Periphrase und dem tô-Infinitiv, soll gezeigt werden, wie das ReN mithilfe von Suchabfragen in ANNIS für syntaktische Analysen genutzt werden kann.