bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Childcare Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes: A Compositional and Isotemporal Substitution Analysis
Authors: Phillips Sophie M. , Bourke Matthew , Bruijns Brianne A. , Vanderloo Leigh , Loh Aidan , Saravanamuttoo Kendall , Tucker Patricia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical activity and sedentary time are independently associated with health and developmental outcomes in preschool children. However, the integrated nature of these behaviours on early life outcomes, particularly during childcare hours, is currently understudied. As such, the aim of this study was to examine the association between preschool children's physical activity and sedentary time during childcare and various developmental outcomes (psychosocial, cognitive and fundamental movement skills).MethodsA total of 107 preschool children (Mage: 41 ± 6 months) recruited from London, Canada, wore ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT accelerometers during childcare hours to measure their sedentary time, light intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Developmental outcomes, including psychosocial health (internalising, externalising, prosocial behaviour), indicators of cognitive development (memory, inhibitory control) and fundamental movement skills (locomotor control, object control, total fundamental movement), were assessed using validated tools. Compositional regression and isotemporal substitution models were estimated to examine how movement compositions in childcare were associated with developmental outcomes.ResultsEngaging in more MVPA relative to LPA and sedentary time was associated with fewer internalising symptoms and better total fundamental movement skills and object control skills, whilst spending more time in LPA relative to MVPA and sedentary time was associated with more internalising symptoms and worse object control skills. Isotemporal substitution models suggested that theoretically increasing sedentary time or engaging in MVPA at the expense of time engaging in LPA during childcare is associated with lower internalising symptoms.ConclusionThe findings of this study provide preliminary evidence that engaging in MVPA during childcare, at the expense of time in LPA or sedentary time, is associated with children's fundamental movement skills and psychosocial development. Further longitudinal research is required, with larger samples of young children, to assess the mechanisms through which childcare movement behaviour compositions may interact with developmental outcomes, including contextualising both sedentary time and LPA.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05359536
A UK wide survey of general surgeons' experience of the primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries
Authors: Elsaid Nada , Thomas Gregory P. , Carrington Emma V. , Fernando Ruwan J. , Vaizey Carolynne J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimObstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are associated with devastating consequences, mainly faecal incontinence. A timely and correct repair is necessary to reduce the risk of maternal morbidity. The aim was to explore the experience and practice of on‐call general surgeons in the acute repair of OASIs.MethodA cross‐sectional, observational questionnaire study was performed. Registrars and consultants participating in an emergency general surgical rota in the UK were included. A 33‐item questionnaire was disseminated over a 9‐month period from April 2023. A descriptive, thematic analysis of the data was undertaken.ResultsIn all, 310 responses were analysed. 42.3% of colorectal respondents (of which 29% were pelvic floor specialists), 24.3% of general surgeons, 16.7% of hepato‐biliary surgeons and 13.7% of upper gastrointestinal surgeons were contacted to assist with an acute repair. Of those contacted, 52.3% typically assisted with a 3C or 4 tear, 54.2% received no training and 95.5% performed less than three acute repairs in the previous year. 57.6% of all respondents were not confident at all in the repair of these injuries, 55% highlighted a lack of experience and 36% mentioned a curricular gap.ConclusionSurgeons may be called to assist with an acute OASI repair, particularly in cases of severe anatomical disruption. This occurs infrequently. There is a lack of consensus as to who is responsible for these injuries. Obstetricians have structured training in both the recognition and repair of these injuries. This paper serves to highlight the lack of training for surgeons who report doing this surgery despite lacking the required competences.
Discourses of Land Conflicts in Indonesia
Authors: Berenschot Ward , Saraswati Nisrina 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article analyses how rural Indonesians involved in land conflicts articulate their claims vis‐à‐vis palm oil companies and government. Addressing a long‐standing debate about the relative importance of laws and rights in the contentious politics of marginalized citizens in the Global South, the authors examine statements of community spokespersons as published in regional newspapers from four Indonesian provinces. They find that this discourse is characterized by an emphasis on social norms and customary traditions, while laws, regulations and conceptions of justice are rarely invoked. The authors argue that this modest and comparatively ‘rightless’ discourse is a consequence of the character of the marginalization facing rural Indonesians. The combination of relative powerlessness and an unreliable legal system forces rural Indonesians to avoid an assertive claiming of rights and, instead, to adopt a more muted and polite tone to cultivate the goodwill of companies and local authorities.
Managing diabetic chronic kidney disease in pregnancy: Current clinical practice and uncertainties
Authors: Banerjee Anita , Brackenridge Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPre‐gestational diabetes occurs in approximately 1% of pregnancies in the UK and increases the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. More women with type 2 than type 1 diabetes are now becoming pregnant and tend to have higher rates of obesity and other multi‐morbidities. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 5%–10% of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and about 2%–3% with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) increases the risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth, Caesarean section, small for gestational age (SGA) infant and infant admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and risks are higher compared to those with diabetes without CKD and those with CKD from other causes. Definitions of CKD in pregnancy are not standardised, and studies are generally small, observational, heterogenous, mainly include women with type 1 diabetes and often predate modern diabetes management such as continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pumps. Therefore, there is a lack of robust data to guide practice and clinical guidelines offer conflicting advice, without precise detail.AimsWe present our approach to caring for women with diabetes and CKD in pregnancy based on available guidelines and clinical experience.Discussion and ConclusionOur practice is to aim for intensive targets for blood pressure and glycaemic control pre and during pregnancy, lower than suggested in many guidelines. The importance of multidisciplinary team work and patient centred care is emphasised. Using standardised prospective data collection to better understand the prevalence and outcomes of diabetes and CKD in contemporary pregnancy populations, is recommended to drive future improvements in care.
Protection of beta cells against cytokine‐induced apoptosis by the gut microbial metabolite butyrate
Authors: Jørgensen Kasper Suhr , Pedersen Signe Schultz , Hjorth Siv Annegrethe , Billestrup Nils , Prause Michala 
Published: November 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by immune cell infiltration in the islets of Langerhans, leading to the destruction of insulin‐producing beta cells. This destruction is driven by secreted cytokines and cytotoxic T cells inducing apoptosis in beta cells. Butyrate, a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota, has been shown to have various health benefits, including anti‐inflammatory and anti‐diabetic effects. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effects of butyrate on cytokine‐induced apoptosis in beta cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Insulin‐secreting INS‐1E cells and isolated mouse islets were treated with interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) or a combination of IL‐1β and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) in the presence or absence of butyrate. We analyzed apoptosis, nitric oxide (NO) levels, expression of stress‐related genes, and immune cell migration. Our results demonstrated that butyrate significantly attenuated cytokine‐induced apoptosis in both INS‐1E cells and mouse islets, accompanied by a reduction in NO levels. Butyrate also decreased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers such as Chop, phosphorylated eIF2α and Atf4, as well as some pro‐apoptotic genes including Dp5 and Puma. Butyrate reduced the cytokine‐induced expression of the chemokine genes Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 in mouse islets, as well as the chemotactic activity of THP‐1 monocytes toward conditioned media from IL‐1β‐exposed islets. In conclusion, these findings indicate that butyrate protects beta cells from cytokine‐induced apoptosis and ER stress, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent to prevent beta cell destruction in T1D.
CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY AND PRIVACY: A RANDOMIZED SURVEY EXPERIMENT
Authors: Choi Syngjoo , Kim Bongseop , Kim Young Sik , Kwon Ohik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrivacy protection is among the key features to consider in the design of central bank digital currency (CBDC). Using a nationally representative sample of over 3,500 participants, we conduct a randomized online survey experiment to examine how the willingness to use CBDC as a means of payment varies with the degree of privacy protection and information provision on the privacy benefits of using CBDC. We find that both factors significantly increase participants’ willingness to use CBDC by up to 64% when purchasing privacy‐sensitive products. Our findings provide useful insights regarding the design and the public's adoption of CBDC.
Comparing the efficacy of Zinc Oxide versus Vaseline prophylactic dressings in preventing sacral pressure injuries in patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Zarrin Nasim , Rafiei Hossein , Safari Alamuti Fateme , Sohrabi Laleh , Rashvand Farnoosh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPreventing pressure injuries is a primary objective for care and treatment teams in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the efficacy of Zinc Oxide and Vaseline prophylactic dressings in preventing sacral pressure injuries in patients admitted to the ICU. This clinical trial was conducted in the ICU in 2023. The study population included patients at moderate to high risk for pressure injuries based on the Braden scale criteria. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups using random allocation software: (1) the intervention group receiving Zinc Oxide as a prophylactic dressing, (2) the intervention group using Zinc Oxide as a topical application, (3) the intervention group with Vaseline as a prophylactic dressing, (4) the intervention group using Vaseline as a topical application and (5) the control group. Participants were homogenous regarding demographic information in all five groups. The frequency distribution of pressure injuries across the five groups was analysed using the Chi‐square test. The results revealed no pressure injuries were observed in the Zinc Oxide and Vaseline with dressing groups. In contrast, the Zinc Oxide without dressing group had five cases, the Vaseline without dressing group had six cases and the Control group had 14 cases of pressure injuries. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that Zinc Oxide and Vaseline as preventive dressings in the sacral area of patients admitted to ICUs can be considered an effective and affordable strategy for healthcare providers.
Transient institutional ownership, costly external finance and corporate cash holdings
Authors: Im Hyun Joong , Park Heungju , Pathan Shams , Faff Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate and robustly show that transient institutional ownership (IO) has a positive effect on the level and value of corporate cash holdings. Further, using a regression discontinuity design exploiting the Russell 1000/2000 index reconstitution as an exogenous shock to transient IO, we show that the effects of transient IO on cash holdings are causal. Additionally, our analysis shows that transient institutions exacerbate debtholder–shareholder conflicts, thereby increasing the cost of debt. Overall, our results suggest that transient institutions make cash holdings more valuable because financing by debt becomes more costly.
Phylogenetic Diversity and Dispersion of Angiosperms in Plant Communities Along an Elevational Gradient in the Western United States
Authors: Qian Hong , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimPhylogenetic niche conservatism predicts that species tend to retain the ecological traits of their ancestors. Accordingly, communities developing under more stressful conditions should be more strongly structured by environmental filtering than communities in less stressful conditions, and thus would exhibit lower phylogenetic dispersion and diversity. Elevational gradients offer unique opportunities to studying, among others, phylogenetic structure patterns across climatic gradients because the geographic distance of the same length of a climatic gradient is much shorter along an elevational gradient than along a latitudinal gradient. Here, we examine the relationship of phylogenetic diversity and dispersion of angiosperms in local communities with elevation and climate along a temperate elevational gradient.LocationThe Siskiyou Mountains in the western United States.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsPhylogenetic diversity and dispersion of angiosperms in 236 local communities distributed along an elevational gradient ranging from 533 to 2103 m were related with elevation, mean annual temperature and annual precipitation using correlation and regression analyses. Variation partitioning analysis was conducted to assess the relative importance of temperature and precipitation in affecting phylogenetic diversity and dispersion.ResultsPhylogenetic diversity and dispersion in angiosperm communities generally decrease with increasing elevation but the opposite pattern is observed in the middle segment of the elevational gradient. The patterns are more conspicuous for herbaceous plants than for woody plants. Temperature is more strongly associated with phylogenetic diversity and dispersion of angiosperm communities compared to precipitation.Main ConclusionsThe patterns of phylogenetic diversity and dispersion in angiosperm communities along the elevational gradient in the Siskiyou Mountains are consistent with the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis, which predicts that communities in areas with lower temperature and precipitation would have lower phylogenetic diversity and dispersion.
Stent‐in‐Stent Intervention for Pulmonary Vein in Stent Restenosis: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up Case Report
Authors: Buzwani Buzwani , Iversen Elisabeth , Ørn Stein , Herstad Jon , Chen Jian , Schuster Peter 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPulmonary vein (PV) restenosis develops with reported incidence rates of up to 50%. Balloon angioplasty seems to be the widely preferred treatment of choice.Method and ResultsA 54‐year‐old man with long history of atrial fibrillations developed PVS secondary to multiple radiofrequency ablation procedures. The stenosis was treated with a stent. 8.5 years later he presented with an in‐stent restenosis that was successfully treated with a stent‐in‐stent strategy. He has since remained asymptomatic over 3 years of follow‐up.ConclusionOur case demonstrates stenting as a viable alternative strategy with potentially favorable long‐term outcome.
Comparative study of gut content microbiota in freshwater fish with different feeding habits: A case study of an urban lake
Authors: Li Zaitian , Lv Junsheng , Chen Jun , Sun Fengzhu , Sheng Ruozhu , Qin Yueyun , Rao Lihua , Lu Tao , Sun Liwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various physiological functions of the host and can be modulated by numerous factors, including feeding habit or trophic level. In this study, the impact of host feeding habits on the gut microbiota of freshwater fish was explored. Ten fish species, classified into four feeding habit categories (herbivorous, omnivorous, planktivorous, and carnivorous) were sampled from West Lake, a renowned urban scenic lake, and their gut content microbiota was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. A total of 2531 operational taxonomic units, belonging to 34 bacterial phyla, were identified, with 33.4% shared across all feeding habits. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla. However, at the family level, Peptostreptococcaceae and Clostridiaceae_1 were the most dominant. Microbiota composition diversity was highest in herbivorous fish, followed by omnivores, carnivores, and planktivores. Statistically significant differences in microbiota diversity were found between different feeding categories, except for the omnivores, which did not differ from the carnivores or planktivores. The most abundant predicted metabolic pathways across all feeding habits were similar, with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and metabolism of other amino acids being dominant. However, comparing the relative abundance of gene functions between different feeding habits revealed notable variations across most comparisons. Co‐occurrence network analysis for each feeding habit revealed that all networks were dominated by the strong positive correlation among pairs of bacterial genera abundances, while the basic properties varied, implying differences in gut microbiota interactions based on the feeding habit. In conclusion, these results confirmed that the feeding habit could affect the structure and composition of the gut content microbiota but also changed their functions and interactions.
Development of Three Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assays for the Rapid Visual Detection of Spiroplasma eriocheiris
Authors: Xiu Yunji , Feng Ruixin , Yang Zongrui , Jiang Lirong , Lin Yiping , Xu Qingyue , Zheng Dong , Zhou Shun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSpiroplasma eriocheiris is a pathogen in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis and is associated with tremor disease. S. eriocheiris infects virtually all artificially bred crustaceans, resulting in significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry in China. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is considered a promising technology for the rapid and sensitive detection of disease. For the rapid detection of S. eriocheiris, this study established basic RPA, RPA‐EXO and RPA‐LFD, which were visualised via agarose gel electrophoresis, SYBR Green I, fluorescence signals and test lines on lateral flow dipsticks. Specific primers and probes were designed based on the 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of S. eriocheiris. The optimal primer pairs for the basic RPA, RPA‐EXO and RPA‐LFD were RPA‐F3/R3, RPA‐F3/R3 and RPA‐LFD‐F3/R3, respectively. The optimal temperatures and times of basic RPA, RPA‐EXO and RPA‐LFD were 37°C for 25 min, 39°C for 30 min and 39°C for 10 min, respectively. The specificity test indicated that in addition to the positive test results for S. eriocheiris, the other five DNA templates tested negative, demonstrating strong specificity. The results of the sensitivity test revealed that the detection limits of RPA, RPA‐EXO and RPA‐LFD were 5.77 × 10−2, 5.77 × 10−4 and 1.52 × 10−6 ng/μL, respectively, indicating high sensitivity. This study established three methods for the detection of S. eriocheiris that are characterised by a constant temperature, rapid response, high sensitivity and strong specificity.
Effectiveness and Safety of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Italian Children and Adolescents With Chronic Hepatitis C: A Real‐Word, Multicenter Study
Authors: Stinco Mariangela , Rubino Chiara , Bartolini Elisa , Nuti Federica , Paolella Giulia , Nebbia Gabriella , Silvestro Erika , Garazzino Silvia , Nicastro Emanuele , D'Antiga Lorenzo , Zanchi Chiara , Morra Laura , Iorio Raffaele , Di Dato Fabiola , Maggiore Giuseppe , Sartorelli Maria Rita , Comparcola Donatella , Stracuzzi Marta , Giacomet Vania , Musto Francesca , Pinon Michele , Calvo Pierluigi , Carloni Ines , Zallocco Federica , Cananzi Mara , Trapani Sandra , Indolfi Giuseppe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground & AimsGlecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) has been approved by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and by the US Food and Drug Administration (US‐FDA) for the treatment of children and adolescents from 3 years of age with chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) infection. The aim of this study was to confirm the real‐world effectiveness and safety of GLE/PIB in children and adolescents (3 to < 18 years old) with CHC.MethodsThis prospective, multicentre study involved 11 Italian centres. Children and adolescents (from 3 to < 18 years of age) received a weight‐based dose (up to 300/120 mg) of GLE/PIB once daily for 8 weeks. The effectiveness endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Safety was assessed by adverse events (AE) and clinical/laboratory data.ResultsSixty‐one patients (median age 12 years, interquartile range 5) were enrolled and treated between June 2020 and October 2023. Genotype distribution was as follows: 24/61 genotype 1 (39.4%), 13/61 genotype 2 (21.3%), 18/61 genotype 3 (29.5%) and 6/61 genotype 4 (9.8%). Sixty (98.4%) patients completed treatment and follow‐up. SVR12 was obtained by 60/61 patients (98.4%). One patient died because of an oncological illness while on treatment. AE occurred in 13.1% of the patients, were mild and no patients prematurely stopped treatment.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the real‐life effectiveness and safety of the 8‐week therapy with GLE/PIB for treatment of CHC in children and adolescents.
Automated seismic event detection considering faulty data interference using deep learning and Bayesian fusion
Authors: Tang Zhiyi , Guo Jiaxing , Wang Yinhao , Xu Wei , Bao Yuequan , He Jingran , Zhang Youqi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStructural health monitoring (SHM) aims to assess civil infrastructures' performance and ensure safety. Automated detection of in situ events of interest, such as earthquakes, from extensive continuous monitoring data, is important to ensure the timeliness of subsequent data analysis. To overcome the poor timeliness of manual identification and the inconsistency of sensors, this paper proposes an automated seismic event detection procedure with interpretability and robustness. The sensor‐wise raw time series is transformed into image data, enhancing the separability of classification while endowing with visual understandability. Vision Transformers (ViTs) and Residual Networks (ResNets) aided by a heat map–based visual interpretation technique are used for image classification. Multitype faulty data that could disturb the seismic event detection are considered in the classification. Then, divergent results from multiple sensors are fused by Bayesian fusion, outputting a consistent seismic detection result. A real‐world monitoring data set of four seismic responses of a pair of long‐span bridges is used for method validation. At the classification stage, ResNet 34 achieved the best accuracy of over 90% with minimal training cost. After Bayesian fusion, globally consistent and accurate seismic detection results can be obtained using a ResNet or ViT. The proposed approach effectively localizes seismic events within multisource, multifault monitoring data, achieving automated and consistent seismic event detection.