bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic revision of the dolphin genusLagenorhynchus
Authors: Vollmer Nicole L. , Ashe Erin , Brownell Robert L. , Cipriano Frank , Mead James G. , Reeves Randall R. , Soldevilla Melissa S. , Williams Rob 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEvolutionary relationships among cetaceans within the family Delphinidae have been difficult to resolve due to the high number of species and their relatively rapid radiation. This is the case for the dolphin species currently placed in the genusLagenorhynchus, and their relations toCephalorhynchusandLissodelphisspecies. Phylogenetic relationships among these species have been investigated using multiple lines of evidence, and that evidence consistently suggests that the six species currently assigned toLagenorhynchusdo not form a monophyletic group. Here, we summarize findings from studies of morphology, genetics, historical biogeography, and acoustics that offer insight into the phylogenetics of these taxa. We present the taxonomic basis for revision ofLagenorhynchus, propose retention ofLagenorhynchus albirostrisand reassignment of the remaining five species into other existing generic names, namelyLeucopleurus acutus, Sagmatias australis, Sagmatias cruciger, Sagmatias obliquidens, andSagmatias obscurus. Making these revisions now so that the taxonomy better reflects evolutionary relationships among these species will ensure that future studies include the most appropriate taxa for investigating the complex phylogenetic and systematic relationships among cetaceans. However, comprehensive analyses using multiple lines of evidence are still needed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships within and among the Lissodelphininae generaCephalorhynchus,Lissodelphis, andSagmatias.
Acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction in treatment of patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Sun Huili , Wu Chengyu 
Published: February 2019

Objective This study was performed to investigate the effect of acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods In total, 115 patients with ischemic stroke were recruited and divided into 3 groups. The control group received normal treatment, the acupuncture group received additional acupuncture treatment, and the combined group received additional acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction treatment. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS) were used to evaluate the stroke condition, and the Barthel index (BI) was used to measure life quality. Blood lipids and recurrence were also analyzed. Results The CSS and NIHSS scores were significantly lower in the acupuncture group and combined group than in the control group; however, the BI score was significantly higher in the acupuncture group and combined group. Similarly, the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein were all significantly increased, while the level of high-density lipoprotein showed no significant difference in all groups. The recurrence rate was significantly lower in the combined group than in the other two groups. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction could improve the clinical outcomes and reduce the recurrence rates in patients with ischemic stroke.
Arthroscopic treatment of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries in paediatric and adolescent patients
Authors: Trehan Samir K. , Schimizzi Gregory , Shen Tony S. , Wall Lindley B. , Goldfarb Charles A. 
Published: February 2019

We assessed outcomes of 43 paediatric and adolescent patients (44 wrists) undergoing arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex surgery by a single surgeon between 2003 and 2016. Medical records were reviewed for clinical, imaging, and operative data. Preoperatively, 49% of patients had additional diagnoses and mean QuickDASH was 47. Patients were telephoned to assess current wrist pain, subsequent treatment(s), satisfaction, and to complete QuickDASH and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation questionnaires. Twenty-five patients responded with mean follow-up of 70 months (minimum 13 months). In those patients not reached by telephone, mean clinical follow-up was 21 months. Seven patients had subsequent surgery (most commonly ulnar shortening osteotomy); this was associated with lower satisfaction scores. At final follow-up, mean QuickDASH was 4, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation 8 and patient and parent satisfaction scores were 9 and 9 out of 10, respectively. In conclusion, arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex treatment in paediatric patients yielded favourable outcomes and patient/parent satisfaction. Level of evidence: IV
Effects of intravenous oxycodone alone or in combination with naltrexone on measures of respiratory depression: a randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Bass Almasa , Webster Lynn R. , Matschke Kyle T. , Malhotra Bimal K. , Wolfram Gernot 
Published: February 2019

Background: Abuse of prescription opioids, particularly by intravenous (IV) administration, can cause respiratory depression and death. ALO-02, an abuse-deterrent opioid formulation, is designed to release sequestered naltrexone upon manipulation by crushing, thereby antagonizing the pharmacologic effects of oxycodone. This exploratory post-hoc analysis examined the effects of IV administration of simulated crushed ALO-02 on end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), a surrogate marker of respiratory depression. Methods: Data were obtained from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover study in nondependent recreational opioid users that evaluated the abuse potential of IV administered oxycodone 20 mg + naltrexone 2.4 mg (simulating crushed ALO-02) versus oxycodone 20 mg or placebo. EtCO2 was measured as a secondary endpoint using noninvasive capnography at baseline and postdose intervals, up to 24 h. Results: Baseline EtCO2 (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)) values ( n = 33) were similar across treatments: 33.5 ± 0.9, 33.5 ± 0.8, and 34.0 ± 0.7 mmHg for oxycodone 20 mg + naltrexone 2.4 mg, oxycodone 20 mg, and placebo, respectively. After dosing, mean ± SEM of the maximum effect (Emax) on EtCO2 was 37.5 ± 0.6, 40.5 ± 0.8, and 36.9 ± 0.6 mmHg for oxycodone 20 mg + naltrexone 2.4 mg, oxycodone 20 mg, and placebo, respectively. Emax values were significantly lower for oxycodone 20 mg + naltrexone 2.4 mg versus oxycodone 20 mg ( p = 0.0005), and not different from placebo ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: This abuse-potential study suggests that naltrexone released from ALO-02 tampering by crushing attenuates oxycodone-induced increase of EtCO2 in nondependent recreational opioid users.
Risk of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Virus and HIV Coinfected Youths Receiving Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Regimen
Authors: Aurpibul Linda , Kanjanavanit Suparat , Leerapun Apinya , Puthanakit Thanyawee 
Published: February 2019

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV coinfection is associated with risk of progression to chronic liver disease. We assessed liver stiffness in HBV-HIV coinfected youths. Methods: A cross-sectional study in HBV-HIV coinfected youths aged 18 to 25 years who received a tenofovir (TDF)-containing antiretroviral therapy regimen for >96 weeks. Measurements included HBV DNA level, HBV serology profiles, and transient elastography (TE). The cutoff for TE results included ≥5.9 kPa for F2-moderate fibrosis, ≥7.4 kPa for F3-severe fibrosis, and ≥9.6 kPa for F4-cirrhosis. Results: From March to December 2016, 15 HBV-HIV coinfected youths with a median duration on TDF-containing regimens of 3.3 years were enrolled. Five (33%) youths had significant liver fibrosis, 3 with F2-moderate, 1 with F3-advanced fibrosis, and 1 with F4-cirrhosis. Other 5 without liver fibrosis had hepatitis B surface e antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface e antigen (HBeAg) loss. Higher mean alanine transaminase (ALT) was observed among the group with F2-F4 when compared to those with F0. Conclusion: Liver fibrosis was evidenced in HBV-HIV coinfected youths in Thailand. Transient elastography might be considered for those who do not achieve HBsAg loss or have persistent ALT elevation while on treatment.
The Case for a National Legalization Program without Legislation or Executive Action: Results from Screening for Immigration Legal Options
Authors: Atkinson Jeanne M. , Wong Tom K. 
Published: February 2019

This article presents the results of a study that finds that as many as two million unauthorized immigrants in the United States could have a path to permanent legal status. However, these immigrants may not know that they are eligible for legal status, much less be able to afford the costs or take the necessary steps to obtain it. The two million figure is drawn from an analysis of screening data from 4,070 unauthorized immigrants from 12 states. The study highlights the profound impact that a national project to screen for legal status would have on the entire US population, including eligible immigrants, their family members, and the country at large. The need for legal screening has become particularly acute in light of the Trump administration’s focus on apprehension and deportation of unauthorized immigrants without regard to their length of residence in the United States, family relationships to US citizens and lawful permanent residents (LPRs), or other positive factors. The proposed termination of benefits for many Temporary Protected Status (TPS) holders and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) 1 recipients would add more than one million individuals — approximately 325,000 ( Warren and Kerwin 2017 ), and 700,000 ( Krogstad 2017 ) people, respectively — to the pool of unauthorized immigrants.
Preventable poor outcome from rebleeding by emergency aneurysm occlusion in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Tack Reinier WP , Vergouwen Mervyn DI , van der Schaaf Irene , van der Zwan Albert , Rinkel Gabriel JE , Lindgren Antti E 
Published: February 2019

Introduction The risk of rebleeding is highest during the initial hours after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH), but the aneurysm is not occluded in all patients immediately after admission. Our aim was to determine the proportion of aSAH patients with poor outcome from early in-hospital rebleeding that can be prevented by three emergency aneurysm occlusion regimes. Patients and methods From our prospectively collected database, we retrieved from all aSAH patients admitted between July 2007 and July 2017 data on clinical condition on admission, time of rebleeding, and outcome at 3 months. Results Of 1391 consecutive aSAH patients, 923 were in good clinical condition and had an aneurysm on initial imaging that was amenable for treatment. Poor outcome from rebleeding could have been avoided by treatment <4 h during day time shifts in 4 (0.4% [95% CI: 0.2–1.1]) patients (number needed to treat [NNT]: 250), by treatment and <1 h during daytime shift in 9 (1.0% [95% CI: 0.5–1.8]; NNT: 111), and treatment <1 h at 24/7 basis in 16 (1.7% [95% CI: 1.1–2.8%]; NNT: 59). Discussion Emergency aneurysm occlusion can reduce poor outcome due to rebleeding, but only in small proportions of patients. Whether such strategies lead to improved outcome for all patients and are cost-effective is highly uncertain. Conclusion We do not recommend instalment of a treatment regimen where occlusion of ruptured aneurysm is performed within 1 h on a 24/7 basis.
BRANCHING AND VEGETATIVE GROWTH MODIFICATION OF PHOTINIA X FRASERI WITH EXOGENOUS PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
Authors: Owings Allen D. , Newman Steven E. 
Published: February 2019

Four rates of seven plant growth regulators were foliar-applied to 11.4 liter containers of Photinia × fraseri after initial root establishment. Growth regulators studied were uniconazole, paclobutrazol, dikegulac-sodium, ancymidol, 6-BA, GA4+7 and, 6-BA + GA4+7. Six months after application, plant height, plant width, growth index, and number of lateral and terminal branches were recorded.
Applications of uniconazole (30 mg a.i./liter), 6-BA alone or in combination with GA4+7, and dikegulacsodium stimulated lateral branching. The number of lateral branches increased linearly as paclobutrazol rates increased from 60 to 180 mg a.i./liter. Growth index decreased with increasing application rates of uniconazole and paclobutrazol, while the growth index of photinia treated with other growth regulators wasn't affected by application rate. Plant height was increased in GA4+7 treated plants.
ACCUMULATION OF SOLUBLE SALTS AS AFFECTED BY EBB AND FLOOD SUBIRRIGATION
Authors: Perches Mario , Wilkerson Don 
Published: February 2019

Ebb and Flood systems provide an efficient means of sub-irrigating greenhouse crops. However, substrate accumulations of soluble salts can limit plant growth.
Two treatment irrigation regimes, consisting of 1.70 EC and 0.86 EC, were applied to 7.0 cm pots filled with a standard peat:perlite growing medium. Treatment solutions were changed weekly. All containers were irrigated daily and substrate EC levels measured weekly in the upper, middle, and lower 2.33 cms of the container.
Following 6 weeks of observation, mean EC substrate levels ranged from 1.23 mmhos/cm to 4.42 mmhos/cm. Significant differences occurred between the upper and middle/bottom portions of the container. There was also a significant interaction between treatment irrigation regimes, substrate layer and week.
In both treatment regimes, salt accumulations in the middle and bottom layers of substrate were within acceptable levels for plant production.
COLD HARDINESS OF TWELVE SEEDLIMG POPULATIONS OF BLACKBERRIES
Authors: Bourne Timothy F. , Moore James N. 
Published: February 2019

Cold hardiness was evaluated in twelve seedling populations of tetraploid blackberry, in 1988 and 1989. Seedling populations resulted from crosses made between nine parents of three different categories of cold hardiness. Viability testing of xylem, phloem, and bud tissues were conducted following exposure of tissues to a low temperature estimated to kill one-half of all tissues. Tissues were rated as alive if green and dead if any browning of tissue was seen.
Significant population effects (P<.05) were seen for xylem and bud survival in 1988 and for xylem, phloem, and bud survival in 1989. Results were similar for the two years, although there was a greater discrimination between populations for xylem and phloem survival in the second year. The four populations having `Darrow' as a parent consistently showed greater survival than the other eight lines. The six populations which had `Brison' as one parent showed consistently poor survival with the exception of one resulting from a cross of `Brison' × `Darrow'. This population showed consistently good hardiness, indicating that dominance effects may play a role in cold hardiness of blackberries.
EVALUATION AND PRODUCTION OF IRISH POTATO IN GEORGIA
Authors: Bhardwaj H.L. , Bhagsari A.S. , Haynes K.G. 
Published: February 2019

Two experiments, each with 100 (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes, were planted to compare fall-planted (August 22, 1988) crop with spring-planted (March 14, 1989) crop and to identify high yielding genotypes for each planting. Significant variation for tuber yield, 90-100 days after planting, was observed in both experiments. The mean yield of spring planting (25.8 Mg/ha with a range of 9.8 to 49.5 Mg/ha) was significantly higher than mean yield of fall-planting (18.2 Mg/ha with a range of 8.5 to 30.2 Mg/ha). The five highest yielding genotypes in fall planting were: B-0245-15, B-0175-2, B-0242-2, Kennebec, and Norchip whereas the five highest yielding genotypes in spring planting were: B-0180-36, B-9792-88, B-0179-17, B9988-7, and Belchip.
An additional split-split-plot experiment with 4 replications was initiated March 14, 1989 to identify optimum rate of N fertilizer and spacing within rows. This experiment consisted of three Nitrogen levels (0, 125, and 250 kg/ha), three genotypes (Atlantic, Kennebec, and La Rouge), and two spacings between plants (10 and 20 cm). All plots received 120 kg P and 170 kg K/ha. Data showed that N rates of 125 Kg/ha and 250 kg/ha gave identical tuber yields (50 Mg/ha). Closer spacing of 10 cm within rows resulted in significantly higher tuber yield (46 Mg/ha) as compared to 20 cm spacing (33 Mg/ha).
NATURAL COOLING OF TALL BEARDED IRIS
Authors: Knoblauch Kurt , Einert A.E. 
Published: February 2019

Iris rhizomes were dug and graded by size. One hundred rhizomes, avg. wt. 23.4 g., were singly potted in 6 inch plastic standard pots. The pots were plunged, to the pot rim, into fresh sawdust, in an open coldframe.
After 4 weeks in the coldframe, and at subsequent two week intervals, pots were brought into a greenhouse for forcing. Half of each group was forced under long day conditions by night break, following a natural daylength. The other half received continuous lighting. Forcing studies were terminated when irises in the field bloomed.
Bloom dates were similar under long days and continuous light treatments. The highest percentage of plants bloomed under long days. Stalk heights at anthesis averaged 12 to 18 in. Stalk height decreased as natural cooling time increased in plants under long days, but not under continuous light. Plants with shorter flower stalks also had shorter foliage.
SCREENING SWEET POTATOES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
Authors: Newell Lavetta , Bardwell Tonda , Garner James O. 
Published: February 2019

In two experiments, 16 sweet potato genotypes (Ipomoea batatas L.) were evaluated for drought tolerance using the detached - leaf water loss method as reported by Walker and Miller (1986). Dry weight loss was also determined. Differences in the rate of leaf water loss over a 48 hour period were found.
Vardaman had the greatest amount of dry matter loss and the lowest level of water loss. However, no relationship between dry matter loss and water loss was found.
END-OF-DAY FAR-RED LIGHT PROMOTES POSTHARVEST LEAF CHLOROSIS IN POTTED MINIATURE ROSES
Authors: Clark David G. , Kelly John W. 
Published: February 2019

Potted miniature roses (Rosa × hybrida `Confection ' & `Meijikatar') were treated at the end of each 8 hour photoperiod with 30, min of red (R) or far-red (FR) light for 21 days. These light treatments convert phytochrome to the Pfr and Pr forms respectively. Plants were paper sleeved and stored in cardboard boxes at 16°C for 5 days to simulate postharvest shipping conditions. `Meijikatar' plants treated with FR light showed more postharvest leaf chlorosis than plants treated with R light or controls.
`Meijikatar' plants treated at the end of each 12 hour photoperiod with FR light exhibited more postharvest leaf chlorosis than plants treated with R light. There were no differences in postharvest leaf chlorosis between plants treated with FR light followed by R light or plants treated with R light followed by FR light. These results suggest that an avoidance of end-of-day FR light will result in less postharvest leaf chlorosis in potted roses.
CAFFEINE AND THEOBROMINE ARE SYNTHESIZED BY TWO DIFFERENT PATHWAYS IN LEAVES OF COFFEA ARABICA
Authors: Nazario Gladys M. , Lovatt Carol 
Published: February 2019

A study was undertaken to identify the pathway(s) leading to the synthesis of caffeine and theobromine in leaves of Coffea arabica. The relative contribution of purine nucleosidcs and bases to the biosynthesis of these alkaloids was assessed by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled inosine, adenosine, adenine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine into caffeine and theobromine.The results of this investigation suggest that caffeine and theobromine are end products of two distinctively different pathways. The incorporation of radiolabeled formate, adenosine, and xanthine was significantly greater into caffeine than into theobromine. Furthermore, exogenously supplied theobromine did not dilute the incorporation of [14C]formate, [14C]inosine, or [14C]xanthine into caffeine. In contrast, radiolabeled adenine was incorporated into theobromine but not into caffeine, and exogenously supplied adenine diluted the incorporation of [14 C]adenosine into theobromine, but not into caffeine.Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that theobromine is not a precursor of caffeine biosynthesis in leaves of C. arabica.Supported by the Citrus Research Center and Agricultural Experimental Station of the University of California, Riverside,
MUTANT SEEDLINGS OF CONIFERS FROM WITCHES'- BROOMS
Authors: Waxman Sidney 
Published: February 2019

Seedlings obtained from mutations on conifer trees exhibit populations of dwarf shrubs. The general characteristics of the shrubs often differ from progeny to progeny. The most obvious difference between progenies is in annual rates of growth, with some showing growth rates 10 or more times greater than the slowest growing group. Differences that appear within each progeny include needle length, foliage coloration, branching habit and plant form. As a consequence, many interesting forms have been produced and named that are miniature, dwarf, and intermediate in size.Variations in form include plants that are columnar, rounded, spreading, and weeping. Whereas variation in foliage color include blue-green, green, and gold.
UNTANGLING LEAF INJURY NOMENCLATURE IN THE LITERATURE
Authors: Conley M.E. , Pair J.C. , Paparozzi E. T. 
Published: February 2019

During 1989, leaves of 3 cultivars of Acer saccharum were sampled from a cultivar trial. The purpose was to anatomically investigate development of leaves and incidence of foliar injury due to tatter. Previously, certain cultivars had been observed to be more predisposed to tatter than others. However, more injury symptoms than just tatter occurred. An extensive literature search revealed that definitions for each type of injury varied and often conflicted.In this poster, photographs of various injuries plus the terms and definitions deemed most representative of what was observed will be presented. Terms explored will include tatter, windburn, sunburn, scorch and scald. Also, a separate symptom which may prompt creation of a new term. will be presented. This injury appears to be part of, but could be separate from, the etiology of leaf tatter. This new term must be considered carefully as preliminary results suggest that tatter does appear to be linked to anatomical differences among cultivars. A questionnaire soliciting opinions/reactions to the confusion in the literature, these terms, and the new term(s) will be featured. Hopefully, this will help resolve the leaf injury nomenclature dilemma.
FUMIGATION WITH CHLORINE DIOXIDE FOR PROLONGING THE POST HARVEST LIFE OF GRAPES AND BLUEBERRIES
Authors: Ahmedullah M. , Patterson M. E , Apel G. 
Published: February 2019

Table grapes cvs. Flame Seedless, Black Monukka and Canadice and blueberries cvs. Bluecrop and Northland were exposed to chlorine dioxide (C102) gas under laboratory conditions. Chlorine dioxide was generated chemically. Grapes were fumigated in a plexiglass chamber with C102 for 30 minutes, packed in TKV lugs with Botrytis inoculum planted among the clusters and stored at 0° C for 8 weeks. Blueberries were consumer packed with 5, 10, and 15 gr. Absorb (C102 generator) in Tyvex sachets, enclosed in pillow-pak bags and stored at 0° C for 75 days and at 20 or 30° C for 16 days.At periodical intervals, moisture loss, decay and quality parameters were evaluated. Chlorine dioxide caused bleaching and skin injury around the capstem on blueberries but not on grapes. Decay was reduced with C102 treatment but moisture loss increased in blueberries. We could store grapes for two weeks without fungal growth. Storage for longer periods necessitated treatment with higher concentrations of C102 which were not generated under our laboratory conditions.