bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers for REM sleep behavior disorder in idiopathic and narcoleptic patients
Authors: Antelmi Elena , Pizza Fabio , Donadio Vincenzo , Filardi Marco , Sosero Yuri L. , Incensi Alex , Vandi Stefano , Moresco Monica , Ferri Raffaele , Marelli Sara , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Liguori Rocco , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo search for discriminating biomarkers, 30 patients with idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movements sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) were compared with 17 patients with RBD within narcolepsy type 1. Both groups underwent extensive examinations, including skin biopsy searching for phosphorylated α‐synuclein deposits and whole‐night video‐polysomnography. Skin biopsy was positive for phosphorylated α‐synuclein deposits in 86.7% of iRBD patients and in none of narcoleptic patients. The analysis of video‐polysomnographic motor events showed differences in their occurrence throughout the night in the two groups. iRBD and RBD due to narcolepsy do have different clinical and pathological findings, confirming a different pathophysiology.
Clinical Characteristics of Early‐Onset Gout in Outpatient Setting
Authors: Li Yan , Piranavan Paramarajan , Sundaresan Devi , Yood Robert 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with early‐onset gout.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 327 adult patients with a first diagnosis of gout from 2008 to 2016 using the database of a multispecialty group practice in New England. Patients were classified into the following groups: age 30 years or younger at first diagnosis (group 1), age 31‐40 years (group 2), and age over 40 years (group 3). The clinical characteristics and treatment of gout were compared among the three groups.ResultsWe identified 87 patients in group 1 and 140 patients in group 2. Group 3 included 100 patients randomly chosen from the 7216 patients with a first diagnosis at age over 40 years. Patients within group 1 had significantly higher serum uric acid (sUA) levels at the time of diagnosis and a more prominent family history of gout. Younger patients (groups 1 and 2) had a significantly higher body mass index than patients over 40 years of age (group 3). A substantial number of younger patients also had hypertension or hyperlipidemia. The majority of younger patients met the 2012 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines for initiating urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) on the basis of frequency of gout attacks, whereas the majority of patients over 40 years of age met the guidelines for ULT on the basis of chronic kidney disease. Patients over 40 years of age were more likely to achieve an sUA level less than 6.0 mg/dl.ConclusionPatients with a first diagnosis of gout at age 40 years or younger frequently had cardiovascular risk factors and were less likely to achieve an sUA level less than 6.0 mg/dl compared with patients over 40 years of age who were treated in routine clinical practice. Clinicians should be aware that patients with early‐onset gout may be an undertreated population with poor adherence to ULT and increased risk of recurrent gout and cardiovascular diseases.
Anisotropic Hybrid Hydrogels with Superior Mechanical Properties Reminiscent of Tendons or Ligaments
Authors: Choi Suji , Choi Youngjin , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMimicking the hierarchically anisotropic structure and excellent mechanical properties of natural tissues, such as tendons and ligaments, using biomaterials is challenging. Despite recent achievements with anisotropic hydrogels, limitations remain because of difficulties in achieving both structural and mechanical characteristics simultaneously. A simple approach for fabricating hybrid hydrogels with a hierarchically anisotropic structure and superior mechanical properties that are reminiscent of tendons or ligaments is proposed. Alginate–polyacrylamide double‐network (DN) hydrogels incorporated with high aspect ratio mesoporous silica microparticles are stretched and fixed via subsequent drying and ionic crosslinking to achieve multiscale structures composed of an anisotropically aligned polymer network embedded with aligned microparticles. The mechanical properties of hydrogels can be further controlled by the degree of stretching, quantities, and functional groups of inorganic microparticles, and types of crosslinking cations. The subsequent reswelling results in a high water content (>80%) similar to that of natural tendons while high strength, modulus, and toughness are maintained. The optimized anisotropic hybrid hydrogel exhibits a tensile modulus of 7.2 MPa, strength of 1.3 MPa, and toughness of 1.4 MJ m−3 even in the swollen state, which is 451‐, 27‐, and 2.2 times higher than that observed in the non‐swollen tough DN hydrogel. This study suggests a new strategy for fabricating anisotropic hydrogels with superior mechanical properties to develop new biomaterials for artificial tendons or ligaments.
Ultra‐High Surface Area Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Aerogels Derived From a Schiff‐Base Porous Organic Polymer Aerogel for CO2 Storage and Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Huimin , Li Jiahuan , Thomas Arne , Liao Yaozu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon aerogels (NCAs) have received great attention for a wide range of applications, from thermal electronics to waste water purification, heavy metal or gas adsorption, energy storage, and catalyst supports. Herein NCAs are developed via the synthesis of a Schiff‐base porous organic polymer aerogel followed by pyrolysis. By controlling the pyrolysis temperature, the polymer aerogel can be simply converted into porous NCAs with a low bulk density (5 mg cm−3), high surface area (2356 m2 g−1), and high bulk porosity (70%). The NCAs containing 1.8–5.3 wt% N atoms exhibit remarkable CO2 uptake capacities (6.1 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 1 bar, 33.1 mmol g−1 at 323 K and 30 bar) and high ideal adsorption solution theory selectivity (47.8) at ambient pressure. Supercapacitors fabricated with NCAs display high specific capacitance (300 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), fast rate (charge to 221 F g−1 within only 17 s), and high stability (retained >98% capacity after 5000 cycles). Asymmetric supercapacitors assembled with NCAs also show high energy density and power density with maximal values of 30.5 Wh kg−1 and 7088 W kg−1, respectively. The outstanding CO2 uptake and energy storage abilities are attributed to the ultra‐high surface area, N‐doping, conductivity, and rigidity of NCA frameworks.
Giant and Reversible Inverse Barocaloric Effects near Room Temperature in Ferromagnetic MnCoGeB0.03
Authors: Aznar Araceli , Lloveras Pol , Kim Ji‐Yeob , Stern‐Taulats Enric , Barrio María , Tamarit Josep Lluís , Sánchez‐Valdés César F. , Sánchez Llamazares José Luis , Mathur Neil D. , Moya Xavier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHydrostatic pressure represents an inexpensive and practical method of driving caloric effects in brittle magnetocaloric materials, which display first‐order magnetostructural phase transitions whose large latent heats are traditionally accessed using applied magnetic fields. Here, moderate changes of hydrostatic pressure are used to drive giant and reversible inverse barocaloric effects near room temperature in the notoriously brittle magnetocaloric material MnCoGeB0.03. The barocaloric effects compare favorably with those observed in barocaloric materials that are magnetic. The inevitable fragmentation provides a large surface for heat exchange with pressure‐transmitting media, permitting good access to barocaloric effects in cooling devices.
A Multilayer‐Graphene/Silicon Infrared Schottky Photo‐Diode
Authors: Apicella Valerio , Fasasi Teslim Ayinde , Wang Shu , Lei Sipeng , Ruotolo Antonio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLateral effect, Schottky photo‐diodes are commonly used as magnetic‐ and position sensing‐ detectors. Yet, they can only respond to ultraviolet‐ and visible‐light because of the low optical transmittance in metals at long wavelengths, such as infrared light. Furthermore, Schottky contacts to narrow‐band gap semiconductors are challenging to fabricate. Here, it is shown that an extended multilayer‐graphene/silicon junction can be used as a lateral photo‐diode in the infrared range. A multilayer graphene film was grown on an intrinsic‐silicon substrate. The film shows graphene order near the interface to become amorphous carbon as the film grows in thickness. Since amorphous carbon behaves as a metal, this results in an effective metallic/2D/Si heterostructure, showing a rectifying behavior in the measured current–voltage characteristics. Moreover, photo‐induced Hall effect measurements show that the proximity to graphene increases the spectrum of absorbance of silicon. This work shows that 2D materials can be used to extend the range of application of silicon to the infrared wavelengths.
Longitudinal spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis using the generalized boundary shift integral
Authors: Moccia Marcello , Prados Ferran , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A. , Valsasina Paola , Brownlee Wallace J. , Zecca Chiara , Gallo Antonio , Rovira Alex , Gass Achim , Palace Jacqueline , Lukas Carsten , Vrenken Hugo , Ourselin Sebastien , Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A. M. , Ciccarelli Olga , Barkhof Frederik ,   for the MAGNIMS Study Group
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveSpinal cord atrophy is a clinically relevant feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), but longitudinal assessments on magnetic resonance imaging using segmentation‐based methods suffer from measurement variability, especially in multicenter studies. We compared the generalized boundary shift integral (GBSI), a registration‐based method, with a standard segmentation‐based method.MethodsBaseline and 1‐year spinal cord 3‐dimensional T1‐weighted images (1mm isotropic) were obtained from 282 patients (52 clinically isolated syndrome [CIS], 196 relapsing–remitting MS [RRMS], 34 progressive MS [PMS]), and 82 controls from 8 MAGNIMS (Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis) sites on multimanufacturer and multi–field‐strength scans. Spinal Cord Toolbox was used for C2‐5 segmentation and cross‐sectional area (CSA) calculation. After cord straightening and registration, GBSI measured atrophy based on the probabilistic boundary‐shift region of interest. CSA and GBSI percentage annual volume change was calculated.ResultsGBSI provided similar rates of atrophy, but reduced measurement variability compared to CSA in all MS subtypes (CIS: −0.95 ± 2.11% vs −1.19 ± 3.67%; RRMS: −1.74 ± 2.57% vs −1.74 ± 4.02%; PMS: −2.29 ± 2.40% vs −1.29 ± 3.20%) and healthy controls (0.02 ± 2.39% vs −0.56 ± 3.77%). GBSI performed better than CSA in differentiating healthy controls from CIS (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.66 vs 0.53; p = 0.03), RRMS (AUC = 0.73 vs 0.59; p < 0.001), PMS (AUC = 0.77 vs 0.53; p < 0.001), and patients with disability progression from patients without progression (AUC = 0.59 vs 0.50; p = 0.04). Sample size to detect 60% treatment effect on spinal cord atrophy over 1 year was lower for GBSI than CSA (CIS: 106 vs 830; RRMS: 95 vs 335; PMS: 44 vs 215; power = 80%; alpha = 5%).InterpretationThe registration‐based method (GBSI) allowed better separation between MS patients and healthy controls and improved statistical power, when compared with a conventional segmentation‐based method (CSA), although it is still far from perfect. ANN NEUROL 2019 ANN NEUROL 2019;86:704–713
Polymeric Encapsulation of Novel Homoleptic Bis(dipyrrinato) Zinc(II) Complexes with Long Lifetimes for Applications as Photodynamic Therapy Photosensitisers
Authors: Karges Johannes , Basu Uttara , Blacque Olivier , Chao Hui , Gasser Gilles 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat cancer has received increasing attention over the last years. However, the clinically used photosensitisers (PSs) have some limitations that include poor aqueous solubility, hepatotoxicity, photobleaching, aggregation, and slow clearance from the body, so the design of new classes of PSs is of great interest. We present the use of bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) complexes with exceptionally long lifetimes as efficient PDT PSs. Based on the heavy‐atom effect, intersystem crossing of these complexes changes the excited state from singlet to a triplet state, thereby enabling singlet oxygen generation. To overcome the limitation of quenching effects in water and improve water solubility, the lead compound 3 was encapsulated in a polymer matrix. It showed impressive phototoxicity upon irradiation at 500 nm in various monolayer cancer cells as well as 3D multicellular tumour spheroids, without observed dark toxicity.
Energy‐Efficient Solar Photochemistry with Luminescent Solar Concentrator Based Photomicroreactors
Authors: Cambié Dario , Dobbelaar Jeroen , Riente Paola , Vanderspikken Jochen , Shen Chong , Seeberger Peter H. , Gilmore Kerry , Debije Michael G. , Noël Timothy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe sun is the most sustainable light source available on our planet, therefore the direct use of sunlight for photochemistry is extremely appealing. Demonstrated here, for the first time, is that a diverse set of photon‐driven transformations can be efficiently powered by solar irradiation with the use of solvent‐resistant and cheap luminescent solar concentrator based photomicroreactors. Blue, green, and red reactors can accommodate both homogeneous and multiphase reaction conditions, including photochemical oxidations, photocatalytic trifluoromethylation chemistry, and metallaphotoredox transformations, thus spanning applications over the entire visible‐light spectrum. To further illustrate the efficacy of these novel solar reactors, medicinally relevant molecules, such as ascaridole and an intermediate of artemisinin, were prepared as well.
Supramolecular photocatalyst of Palladium (II) Encapsulated within Dendrimer on TiO2 nanoparticles for Photo‐induced Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling reactions
Authors: Eskandari Ameneh , Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Salimi Mehri 
Published: August 2019

In this study, synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of a novel supramolecular photocatalytic system including palladium (II) encapsulated within amine‐terminated poly (triazine‐triamine) dendrimer modified TiO2 nanoparticles (Pd (II) [PTATAD] @ TiO2) is presented. The obtained nanodendritic catalyst was characterized by FT‐IR, ICP‐AES, XPS, EDS, TEM, TGA and UV‐DRS. The as‐prepared nanodendritic catalyst was shown to be highly active, selective, and recyclable for the Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira cross‐coupling of a wide range of aryl halides including electron‐rich and electron‐poor and even aryl chlorides, affording the corresponding biaryl compounds in good to excellent yields under visible light irradiation. This study shows that visible light irradiation can drive the cross‐coupling reactions on the Pd (II) [PTATAD] @ TiO2 under mild reaction conditions (27–30 °C) and no additional additives such as cocatalysts or phosphine ligands. So, we propose that the improved photoactivity predominantly benefits from the synergistic effects of Pd (II) amine‐terminated poly (triazine‐triamine) dendrimer on TiO2 nanoparticles that cause efficient separation and photogenerated electron–hole pairs and photoredox capability of nanocatalyst which all of these advantages due to the tuning of band gap of catalyst in the visible light region.
Carboxylic modification of welan gum
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Zhuang , Zhu LunYu , Miao ShanShan , Fang Zheng , Zhao LiHuan , Guo Kai 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWelan gum has disadvantages such as poor solubility, low viscosity, and poor crosslinking property, when it is applied in petroleum industry, comparing to guar gum. Two methods for the carboxylic modification of welan gum were developed, carboxyethyl modification and citric acid modification, to improve the solubility in water, viscosity, and crosslinking ability of welan gum in the borax crosslinking system. The solubility time of carboxyethyl modified and citric acid modified welan gum were shortened to 30 and 90 min, respectively. The highest viscosity of citric acid modified product was 49.4 mPa s, the viscosity after crosslinking was raised at least 1.2 times to the highest four times than that before crosslinking. The results indicated three factors affecting the properties of modified products: (1) how many function groups in the modifying agent; (2) the way to connect the function group; and (3) the whole structure of the modifying agent. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48301.
Fluorinated copolyimide membranes for sour mixed‐gas upgrading
Authors: Hayek Ali , Yahaya Garba O. , Alsamah Abdulkarim , Panda Saroj K. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThree random and two block 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)‐based copolyimides with different 6FpDA:Durene molar ratio varying from 25 to 80% were prepared and characterized. The pure‐gas permeation data of their membranes were investigated at 100 psi and 22 °C. The CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity coefficient increased to around 47 with the increase of the 6FpDA content to 80% in the copolymer backbone while the CO2 permeability coefficient found to be the highest (378 barrer) with highest Durene content copolymer. Based on its attractive pure‐gas permeation properties(CO2/CH4 = 47), 6FDA‐6FpDA/6FDA‐Durene (4:1) block copolyimide was selected for further analyses, where the effect of pressure and temperature on its gas transport properties was evaluated. Furthermore, the mixed‐gas permeation properties were investigated using multicomponent sweet and sour gas mixtures prepared from N2 (30% or 10%), CH4 (59%), C2H6 (1%), CO2 (10%), and H2S (0% or 20%)accordingly. The sweet mixed‐gas CO2/CH4 selectivity and CO2 permeability coefficients of 6FDA‐6FpDA/6FDA‐Durene (4:1) are around 39 and 45 barrer, respectively, at elevated pressure (800 psi). The polymer, however, showed nonideal behavior when subjected to high H2S‐content gas mixture (20 vol. % H2S), where the CO2/CH4 selectivity value dropped to around 21 and the H2S/CH4 selectivity coefficient is 13. The CO2 and H2S permeability coefficients are 42 and 26 barrer, respectively, at an upstream pressure up to 500 psi. When plotted on the combined acid gas permeability‐selectivity curve, the polymer separation efficiency was nearby the high‐performing polymers reported in the literature, and way superior to the industrial standard glassy polymer, cellulose acetate, used currently in gas separation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48336.
Multicomponent Approach to Hydantoins and Thiohydantoins Involving a Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Gupta Naveen K. , Aswar Vikas R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report an efficient synthetic strategy to diverse hydantoins and thiohydantoins involving a three‐component reaction with the aid of deep eutectic solvent. Here, N,N′‐dimethyl urea and N,N′‐dimethyl thiourea play a dual role as reactant and reaction medium along with l‐(+)‐tartaric acid. The three‐component reaction provides an easy access to 5‐amino‐1,3‐dialkyl‐substituted hydantoins and thiohydantoins in good yields.
Nationwide population-based study of the impact of immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy on the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Heeg E , Harmeling J X , Becherer B E , Marang-van de Mheen P J , Vrancken Peeters M T F D , Mureau M A M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy within 6–12 weeks after mastectomy is recommended by guidelines. The aim of this population-based study was to investigate whether immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after mastectomy reduces the likelihood of timely initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods
All patients with breast cancer who had undergone mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy between 2012 and 2016 in the Netherlands were identified. Time from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy was categorized as within 6 weeks or after more than 6 weeks, within 9 weeks or after more than 9 weeks, and within 12 weeks or after more than 12 weeks. The impact of IBR on the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy for these three scenarios was estimated using propensity score matching to adjust for treatment by indication bias.

Results
A total of 6300 patients had undergone primary mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy, of whom 1700 (27·0 per cent) had received IBR. Multivariable analysis revealed that IBR reduced the likelihood of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy within 6 weeks (odds ratio (OR) 0·76, 95 per cent c.i. 0·66 to 0·87) and 9 weeks (0·69, 0·54 to 0·87), but not within 12 weeks (OR 0·75, 0·48 to 1·17). Following propensity score matching, IBR only reduced the likelihood of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy within 6 weeks (OR 0·95, 0·90 to 0·99), but not within 9 weeks (OR 0·97, 0·95 to 1·00) or 12 weeks (OR 1·00, 0·99 to 1·01).

Conclusion
Postmastectomy IBR marginally reduced the likelihood of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy within 6 weeks, but not within 9 or 12 weeks. Thus, IBR is not contraindicated in patients who need adjuvant chemotherapy after mastectomy.
All‐around management of a fungal isolate obtained from cheese spoilage as an environmental source: Direct approach from an undergrad student to a biotechnological characterization
Authors: Ortiz Lechuga Eugenia Guadalupe , Tovar Herrera Omar Eduardo , Arévalo Niño Katiushka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, we present the results of an undergrad student from the perspective of its first approach as a principal researcher in a project. In order to gain practical experience, one of the options for students that have interest in pursuing a postgraduate program corresponds to a research stay in a laboratory of their selected field conducting a project for a period of 6 months. In this particular project, a fungal sample was isolated from Parmesan cheese spoilage and its enzymatic activity evaluated. Using simple and standardized protocols, the student was capable of identifying a possible biotechnological application for the isolate by detecting and categorizing the lipolytic activity. Through microculture characterization in potato dextrose agar (PDA) the genus of the sample was determined as Penicillium and confirmed by molecular analysis of the ITS1 and ITS4 regions. In order to examine comprehensively the potential of the new isolate, the extracellular and intracellular enzymatic activities were analyzed as well as four methods of cell rupture. From these results, sonication was determined as the best technique with 211 U/L as a maximum lipolytic value. To finalize the evaluation of the sample, the student determined the optimal pH and temperature as well as the thermotolerance of the crude extract obtaining a residual activity of 13% after 60 minutes of incubation at 45 °C. Upon conclusion of the research we could recognize that through a direct characterization of a fungal isolate using techniques that are widely known, the student was capable of determining and value one of the most interesting capabilities fungi has to offer; enzymatic activity, and that the knowledge obtained from established protocols enables and encourages the students to correlate the source from where they were obtained with potential biotechnological applications. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(6):681–688, 2019.