bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust–Gas Scaling Relations and OH Abundance in the Galactic ISM
Authors: Nguyen Hiep , Dawson J. R. , Miville-Deschênes M.-A. , Tang Ningyu , Li Di , Heiles Carl , Murray Claire E. , Stanimirović Snežana , Gibson Steven J. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Troland Thomas , Bronfman L. , Finger R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Observations of interstellar dust are often used as a proxy for total gas column density N
H. By comparing Planck thermal dust data (Release 1.2) and new dust reddening maps from Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS, with accurate (opacity-corrected) H i column densities and newly published OH data from the Arecibo Millennium survey and 21-SPONGE, we confirm linear correlations between dust optical depth τ
353, reddening E(B − V), and the total proton column density N
H in the range (1–30) × 1020 cm−2, along sightlines with no molecular gas detections in emission. We derive an N
H/E(B − V) ratio of (9.4 ± 1.6) × 1021 cm−2 mag−1 for purely atomic sightlines at

∣
b
∣
>
5
°

, which is 60% higher than the canonical value of Bohlin et al. We report a ∼40% increase in opacity σ
353 = τ
353/N
H, when moving from the low column density (N
H < 5 × 1020 cm−2) to the moderate column density (N
H > 5 × 1020 cm−2) regime, and suggest that this rise is due to the evolution of dust grains in the atomic interstellar medium. Failure to account for H i opacity can cause an additional apparent rise in σ
353 of the order of a further ∼20%. We estimate molecular hydrogen column densities

N

H

2

from our derived linear relations, and hence derive the OH/H2 abundance ratio of X
OH ∼ 1 × 10−7 for all molecular sightlines. Our results show no evidence of systematic trends in OH abundance with

N

H

2

in the range

N

H

2

∼ (0.1−10) × 1021 cm−2. This suggests that OH may be used as a reliable proxy for H2 in this range, which includes sightlines with both CO-dark and CO-bright gas.
A Universal Entropy Profile for the Hot Atmospheres of Galaxies and Clusters within R2500
Authors: Babyk Iu. V. , McNamara B. R. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Russell H. R. , Vantyghem A. N. , Hogan M. T. , Pulido F. A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present atmospheric gas entropy profiles for 40 early-type galaxies and 110 clusters spanning several decades of halo mass, atmospheric gas mass, radio jet power, and galaxy type. We show that within ∼0.1R
2500 the entropy profiles of low-mass systems, including ellipticals, brightest cluster galaxies, and spiral galaxies, scale approximately as K ∝ R
2/3. Beyond ∼0.1R
2500 entropy profiles are slightly shallower than the K ∝ R
1.1 profile expected from gravitational collapse alone, indicating that heating by active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback extends well beyond the central galaxy. We show that the K ∝ R
2/3 entropy profile shape indicates that thermally unstable cooling is balanced by heating where the inner cooling and free-fall timescales approach a constant ratio. Hot atmospheres of elliptical galaxies have a higher rate of heating per gas particle compared to those of central cluster galaxies. This excess heating may explain why some central cluster galaxies are forming stars while most early-type galaxies have experienced no significant star formation for billions of years. We show that the entropy profiles of six lenticular and spiral galaxies follow the R
2/3 form. The continuity between central galaxies in clusters, giant ellipticals, and spirals suggests perhaps that processes heating the atmospheres of elliptical and brightest cluster galaxies are also active in spiral galaxies.
Turbulent Transport by Diffusive Stratified Shear Flows: From Local to Global Models. II. Limitations of Local Models
Authors: Gagnier Damien , Garaud Pascale 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper continues the systematic investigation of diffusive shear instabilities initiated in Part I of this series. In this work, we primarily focus on quantifying the impact of nonlocal mixing, which is not taken into account in Zahn’s mixing model. We present the results of direct numerical simulations in a new model setup designed to contain coexisting laminar and turbulent shear layers. As in Part I, we use the low Péclet number approximation of Lignières to model the evolution of the perturbations. Our main findings are twofold. First, turbulence is not necessarily generated whenever Zahn’s nonlinear criterion JPr < (JPr)
c
is satisfied, where J = N
2/S
2 is the local gradient Richardson number, Pr = ν/κ

T
is the Prandtl number, and (JPr)
c
≃ 0.007. We have demonstrated that the presence or absence of turbulent mixing in this limit hysteretically depends on the history of the shear layer. Second, Zahn’s nonlinear instability criterion only approximately locates the edge of the turbulent layer, and mixing beyond the region where JPr < (JPr)
c
can also take place in a manner analogous to convective overshoot. We found that the turbulent kinetic energy decays roughly exponentially beyond the edge of the shear-unstable region, on a lengthscale δ that is directly proportional to the scale of the turbulent eddies, which are themselves of the order of the Zahn scale (see Part I). Our results suggest that mixing by diffusive shear instabilities should be modeled with more care than is currently standard in stellar evolution codes.
Assessment of pharmacological activity and bioavailability of the new derivative 1,3,4-thiadiazole
Authors: Popov Nikita S. , Demidova Marina A. , Malygin Alexandr S. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Acexazolamide is a new derivative of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and acexamic acid.
Materials and methods: In animal experiments, acute toxicity, pharmacological activity and bioavailability of acexazolamide were evaluated. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed on the model of formalin edema of paw and cotton pellet granuloma in rats. Assessment of analgesic activity was carried out in a hot plate test in mice, chemical pain stimulation of the peritoneum and inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats. The antipyretic activity of acexazolamide was evaluated in a model of yeast-induced hyperthermia in rats. The anti-burn activity of acexazolamide was evaluated in a thermal skin burn model in rats. Bioavailability of acexazolamide with intragastric administration was determined in rabbits. The content of acetaxazolamide in blood plasma was determined by HPLC-MS/MS method.
Results and discussion: DL50 of acexazolamide after intragastric administration to mice was 860.99 (95% CIs, 462.2 to 1259.8) mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity of acexazolamide (21.5 mg/kg) with formalin-induced paw edema and fetal granuloma in rats was higher than that of ketoprofen (23.0 mg/kg). ED50 value for analgesic activity with acetic acid induced cortex was 24.99 (95% CIs: 15.31–34.68) mg/kg. With thermal stimulation of the paw in mice, the ED50 value was 25.56 (95% CIs: 15.13 to 35.98) mg/kg. ED50 value for antipyretic activity was 31.85 (95% CIs: 19.22–44.47) mg/kg. Acexazolamide (21.5 mg/kg) had a stimulating effect on the regeneration of damaged tissues in case of thermal skin burns. Bioavailability of acexazolamide (1 mg/kg) with intragastric administration was 37%.
Conclusion: Acexazolamide has the properties of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
<b>Escuela Nueva colombiana: análisis de sus guías de aprendizaje
Authors: Quintero Sara Evelin Urrea , Sa Elizabeth Figueiredo de 
Published: July 2018

Concebido para a população camponesa colombiana, o modelo escolar denominado Escuela Nueva foi pensado e estruturado visando atender às representações e interesses de formação da ruralidade daquele momento. Tendo esse modelo escolar como referência, esse artigo objetivou analisar os guias de aprendizagem considerados como espinha dorsal desse programa de educação rural. A pesquisa se inscreve na perspectiva da História Cultural, tendo como referencia as obras de Choppin (2002, 2004), Escolano Benito (2001) e Parra Sandoval (1996). A análise possibilitou perceber que as Escuelas Nuevas foram pensadas considerando o rural como um cenário harmônico, livre de contradições e conflitos, tradicional, espaço próprio do camponês, para silenciar uma ruralidade percebida como elemento de potencial subversão; construindo, assim, uma metodologia pragmática e um currículo que, se adequando ao campo em termos didáticos, de conteúdos e finalidades, formasse um sujeito disposto a trabalhar no rural, sem questionar as problemáticas sociais existentes.
Mannose Metabolism Is Essential for Th1 Cell Differentiation and IFN-γ Production
Authors: Zygmunt Beata M. , Węgrzyn Agnieszka , Gajska Weronika , Yevsa Tetyana , Chodaczek Grzegorz , Guzmán Carlos A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Glucose-derived mannose is a common component of glycoproteins, and its deficiency leads to a severe defect in protein glycosylation and failure in basic cell functions. In this work, we show that mannose metabolism is essential for IFN-γ production by mouse Th1 cells. In addition, we demonstrate that the susceptibility of Th1 cells to glycolysis restriction depends on the activation conditions and that under diminished glycolytic flux, mannose availability becomes the limiting factor for IFN-γ expression. This study unravels a new role for glucose metabolism in the differentiation process of Th1 cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for the importance of glycolysis in immune cell functions.
Rare case of an isolated myeloid sarcoma presenting as dysphagia
Authors: Sangal Rishu , Mahawar Vivek , Jajodia Ankush , Mahanthi Himanshu , Koyyala Venkata 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMyeloid sarcoma (MS) is an unusual neoplasm whose understanding is principally based on the case reports and/or theoretically dated contributions. MS represents the proliferation of myeloblasts of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at extramedullary sites. While extramedullary involvement in AML is unusual in itself, isolated (de novo) MSs that is MSs devoid of any bone marrow involvement are exceptionally rare. The present case report study expands the gamut of our acquaintance showing that MS can occur de novo, with no apparent sign or symptom of concomitant hematological disease and may show a significant response to treatment this may be omitted here. This case reports described a middle-aged male presenting as with dysphagia with isolated MS in the stomach, a very rare site.
Connectedness to Nature and Environmental Identity Scales Reveal Environmental Awareness in Greek Teachers
Authors: Gkargkavouzi Anastasia , Paraskevopoulos Stefanos , Matsiori Steriani 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
The present study measures Greek teachers' environmental identity, feeling of connectedness to nature, and environmental knowledge.
Primary and secondary teachers are environmentally conscious, but they lack knowledge of fundamental concepts of environmental literacy.
Effective environmental education in schools requires environmental literacy in teachers.
Teachers are responsible to provide their students with knowledge, values, attitudes, and skills needed to preserve the environment in order to produce environmentally literate citizens. The latter is possible if teachers themselves have high levels of environmental knowledge, strong environmental awareness, and manifest environmental behavior. In response, this study aimed to assess Greek in‐service teachers' environmental knowledge, eco‐friendly behavior, and their connectedness to nature and environmental identity as aspects of their environmental consciousness. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess teachers' demographic profile, environmental knowledge, and self‐reported environmental behavior. Two well‐established measures of general environmental attitudes—connectedness to nature and environmental identity scales—were also used. The method lies on principal component analysis and evaluation of Cronbach's alpha to confirm the reliability and validity of the scales. The results showed that teachers' scores on both scales were high, revealing their positive attitudes in terms of the environment. Responders possess a moderate level of environmental knowledge and they possess pro‐environmental behavior. Results from this study can be useful to policy makers in order to design and promote the implementation of teachers' training programs in Greece and other countries of the European Union that focus on the enhancement of their environmental literacy.
Occupational Therapist–Delivered Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Murphy Susan L. , Janevic Mary R. , Lee Pearl , Williams David A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study assessed the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an online-assisted, occupational therapist–delivered, cognitive–behavioral therapy intervention to promote physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
METHOD. Fifty-seven participants with KOA were randomized 2:1 to the Engage program (eight clinic-based sessions supported by online modules) or usual care. Using analysis of covariance, we estimated Engage’s effect on physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index’s Physical Function subscale [WOMAC–PF]) at 6 mo.
RESULTS. Data were analyzed on 46 completers. Engage was associated with a small effect (η2 = 0.01) on the WOMAC–PF. More Engage participants than controls reported much or very much improvement (45% vs. 13%; p = .03). Satisfaction was high, and 30 of 31 participants attended six sessions or more.
CONCLUSION. An online-supported cognitive–behavioral program for people with KOA delivered by occupational therapists is feasible and may contribute to improved physical function.
Climate information preserved in seasonal water isotope at NEEM: relationships with temperature, circulation and sea ice
Authors: Zheng Minjie , Sjolte Jesper , Adolphi Florian , Vinther Bo Møllesøe , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Popp Trevor James , Muscheler Raimund 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Analyzing seasonally resolved δ18O ice core data can aid the
interpretation of the climate information in ice cores, also providing
insights into factors governing the δ18O signal that cannot be
deciphered by investigating the annual δ18O data only.
However, the seasonal isotope signal has not yet been investigated in
northern Greenland, e.g., at the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling)
ice core drill site. Here, we analyze seasonally resolved δ18O
data from four shallow NEEM ice cores covering the last 150 years. Based on
correlation analysis with observed temperature, we attribute about 70 and
30 % of annual accumulation to summer and winter, respectively. The NEEM
summer δ18O signal correlates strongly with summer western
Greenland coastal temperature and with the first principal component (PC1) of
summer δ18O from multiple seasonally resolved ice cores from
central/southern Greenland. However, there are no significant correlations
between NEEM winter δ18O data and western Greenland coastal
winter temperature or southern/central Greenland winter δ18O
PC1. The stronger correlation with temperature during summer and the
dominance of summer precipitation skew the annual δ18O signal
in NEEM. The strong footprint of temperature in NEEM summer
δ18O record also suggests that the summer δ18O
record rather than the winter δ18O record is a better
temperature proxy at the NEEM site. Despite the dominant signal of the North
Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in
the central–southern ice core data, both NAO and AMO exert weak influences
on NEEM seasonal δ18O variations. The NEEM seasonal
δ18O is found to be highly correlated with Baffin Bay sea ice
concentration (SIC) in the satellite observation period (1979–2004),
suggesting a connection of the sea ice extent with δ18O at
NEEM. NEEM winter δ18O significantly correlates with SIC even
for the period prior to satellite observation (1901–1978). The NEEM winter
δ18O may reflect sea ice variations of Baffin Bay rather than
temperature itself. This study shows that seasonally resolved
δ18O records, especially for sites with a seasonal
precipitation bias such as NEEM, provide a better understanding of how
changing air temperature and circulation patterns are associated with the
variability in the δ18O records.
A general database of hydrometeor single scattering properties at microwave and sub-millimetre wavelengths
Authors: Eriksson Patrick , Ekelund Robin , Mendrok Jana , Brath Manfred , Lemke Oliver , Buehler Stefan A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. A main limitation today in simulations and inversions of microwave observations of ice hydrometeors (cloud ice, snow, hail, etc.) is the lack of data describing the interaction between electromagnetic waves and the particles. To improve the situation, the development of a comprehensive dataset of such scattering properties has been started. The database aims at giving a broad coverage in both frequency (1 to 886 GHz) and temperature (190 to 270 K), to support both passive and active current and planned measurements, and to provide data corresponding to the full Stokes vector. This first version of the database is restricted to totally random particle orientation. Data for 34 particle sets, i.e. habits, have been generated. About 17 of the habits can be classified as single crystals, three habits can be seen as heavily rimed particles, and the remaining habits are aggregates of different types, e.g. snow and hail. The particle sizes considered vary between the habits, but maximum diameters of 10 and 20 mm are typical values for the largest single crystal and aggregate particles, respectively, and the number of sizes per habit is at least 30. Particles containing liquid water are also inside the scope of the database, but this phase of water is so far only represented by a liquid sphere habit. The database is built upon the netCDF4 file format. Interfaces to browse, extract and convert data for selected radiative transfer models are provided in MATLAB and Python. The database and associated tools are publicly available from Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175572, Ekelund et al., 2018b), and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175588, Mendrok et al., 2018, respectively). Planned extensions include non-spherical raindrops, melting particles and a second orientation case that can be denoted as azimuthally random.
Breast augmentation surgery using an inframammary fold incision in Southeast Asian women: Patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Randquist Charles , Por Yong Chen , Yeow Vincent , Maglambayan Joy , Simonyi Susan 
Published: July 2018

Background This analysis presents patient-reported outcomes of breast augmentation procedures performed in Singapore using an inframammary fold incision and the “5 Ps” best practice principles for breast augmentation. These data are the first of their kind in Southeast Asian patients.
Methods Through a retrospective chart review, patients who underwent primary breast augmentation with anatomical form-stable silicone gel breast implants using an inframammary fold incision were followed for ≥6 months postoperatively. The BREAST-Q Augmentation Module (scores standardized to 0 [worst] – 100 [best]) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS; 1 [normal skin] to 10 [worst scar imaginable]) were administered. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Patient-reported events were collected.
Results Twenty-two Southeast Asian patients (mean age, 35.1 years) completed ≥1 postoperative BREAST-Q and POSAS assessment and were assessed 11 months to 5.5 years postoperatively. The mean postoperative BREAST-Q satisfaction with breasts and psychosocial well-being scores were 69.2 and 84.0, respectively. The mean POSAS score for their overall opinion of the scar was 4.2; the mean scores for all scar characteristics ranged from 1.2 to 4.2. Over 90% of patients (20/22) said that they would recommend the procedure. Patient complaints following surgery included anisomastia (possibly pre-existing; n=2), sensory loss at the nipple (n=2) or around the nipple (n=3), scarring (n=4), and slight capsular contracture (n=1). No patients required reoperation.
Conclusions Southeast Asian patients reported high long-term satisfaction scores on the BREAST-Q scale and with their scar characteristics following breast augmentation using an inframammary fold incision, and nearly all said they would recommend this procedure. No reoperations were necessary in patients assessed for up to 5.5 years postoperatively.
The physiological response of the deep-sea coralSolenosmilia variabilisto ocean acidification
Authors: Gammon Malindi J. , Tracey Dianne M. , Marriott Peter M. , Cummings Vonda J. , Davy Simon K. 
Published: July 2018

Several forms of calcifying scleractinian corals provide important habitat complexity in the deep-sea and are consistently associated with a high biodiversity of fish and other invertebrates. How these corals may respond to the future predicted environmental conditions of ocean acidification is poorly understood, but any detrimental effects on these marine calcifiers will have wider impacts on the ecosystem. Colonies ofSolenosmilia variabilis, a protected deep-sea coral commonly occurring throughout the New Zealand region, were collected during a cruise in March 2014 from the Louisville Seamount Chain. Over a 12-month period, samples were maintained in temperature controlled (∼3.5 °C) continuous flow-through tanks at a seawater pH that reflects the region’s current conditions (7.88) and an end-of-century scenario (7.65). Impacts on coral growth and the intensity of colour saturation (as a proxy for the coenenchyme tissue that covers the coral exoskeleton and links the coral polyps) were measured bimonthly. In addition, respiration rate was measured after a mid-term (six months) and long-term (12 months) exposure period. Growth rates were highly variable, ranging from 0.53 to 3.068 mm year−1and showed no detectable difference between the treatment and control colonies. Respiration rates also varied independently of pH and ranged from 0.065 to 1.756 µmol O2g protein−1h−1. A significant change in colour was observed in the treatment group over time, indicating a loss of coenenchyme. This loss was greatest after 10 months at 5.28% and could indicate a reallocation of energy with physiological processes (e.g. growth and respiration) being maintained at the expense of coenenchyme production. This research illustrates important first steps to assessing and understanding the sensitivity of deep-sea corals to ocean acidification.