bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D rigid‐body motion information from spherical Lissajous navigators at small k‐space radii: A proof of concept
Authors: Buschbeck Richard P. , Yun Seong Dae , Jon Shah N. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of obtaining low‐latency 3D rigid‐body motion information from spherical Lissajous navigators acquired at extremely small k‐space radii, which has significant advantages compared with previous techniques.Theory and MethodsA spherical navigator concept is proposed in which the surface of a k‐space sphere is sampled on a 3D Lissajous curve at a radius of 0.1/cm. The navigator only uses a single excitation and is acquired in less than 5 ms. Rotation estimations were calculated with an algorithm from computer vision that exploits a rotation theorem of the spherical harmonics transform and has minimal computational cost. The effectiveness of the concept was investigated with phantom and in vivo measurements on a commercial 3T MRI scanner.ResultsScanner‐induced in vivo motion was measured with maximum absolute errors of 0.58° and 0.33 mm for rotations and translations, respectively. In the case of real, in vivo motion, the proposed method showed good agreement with motion information from FSL image registrations (mean/maximum deviations of 0.37°/1.24° and 0.44 mm/1.35 mm). In addition, phantom measurements indicated precisions of 0.014° and 0.013 mm. The computations for complete motion information took, on average, 24 ms on an ordinary laptop.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates a proof of concept for obtaining accurate motion information from small‐radius spherical navigators. The method has the potential to overcome several previously reported problems and could help increase the utility of navigator‐based motion correction both in research and in the clinic.
Bis‐[3]Ferrocenophanes with Central >E−E’< Bonds (E, E’=P, SiH): Preparation, Properties, and Thermal Activation
Authors: Isenberg Stefan , Weller Stefan , Kargin Denis , Valić Srećko , Schwederski Brigitte , Kelemen Zsolt , Bruhn Clemens , Krekić Kristijan , Maurer Martin , Feil Christoph M. , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich , Nyulászi László , Pietschnig Rudolf 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA series of bis‐[3]ferrocenophanes of the general type Fe(C5H4E’)2E−E(E'C5H4)2Fe (E=P, SiH and E’=PtBu, NneoPentyl, NSi(CH3)3) with an isolobal molecular framework have been prepared and characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The thermal dissociation behavior with respect to homolytic fission of the central bond generating phosphorus centered radicals was investigated using EPR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
Antidepressant‐like effect of anacardic acid in mice via the L‐arginine–nitric oxide–serotonergic system
Authors: Júnior Antonio Luiz Gomes , Tchekalarova Jana Dimitrova , da Conceição Machado Keylla , Silva Samara Wanessa Cardoso , Paz Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim , Nogueira Tiago Rocha , de Matos Monteiro Lira Beatriz Santiago , Zihad S.M. Neamul Kabir , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Ali Eunus S. , de Sousa Rios Maria Alexsandra , Carvalho André Luis Menezes , da Silva Lopes Luciano , Saha Swapan Kumar , Mubarak Mohammad S. , de Carvalho Melo‐Cavalcante Ana Amélia 
Published: June 2019

Depression, a multifactorial neuronal disorder with high morbidity/mortality, is associated with psychological, psychosocial, hereditary, and environmental etiologies, where reactive species exert pathophysiological functions. Anacardic acid (AA), a natural compound obtained from cashew nut liquid, has several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anticonvulsant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidepressant‐like effect of AA and the involvement of serotonergic, noradrenergic, and L‐arginine–nitric oxide (NO) in tail suspension and forced swim tests and, more so, to investigate its antioxidant effect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in male Swiss mice (n = 8). In order to identify the antidepressant mechanisms, AA (10, 25, or 50 mg/kg, p.o.) was given 30 min before clonidine (2‐adrenergic receptor agonist), L‐arginine (NO precursor), propranolol (β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist), and several other agonists or antagonists used. On the other hand, clonidine, noradrenoreceptor, noradrenaline, and L‐arginine were used to identify the antidepressant mechanisms. Results suggest that AA exerts antidepressant‐like activity, especially at higher doses, possibly by inhibiting serotonin and 5HT‐1A reuptake receptors and by inhibiting NO synthetase and guanylyl cyclase enzymes. Additionally, AA exhibited antioxidant effect in S. cerevisiae. This antioxidant capacity may be linked to its antidepressant‐like effect but does not interact with α‐ and β‐adrenoceptor receptors. In conclusion, AA may be used as a promising agent to treat depression, especially which arises from oxidative stress.
Spatial distribution of elvitegravir and tenofovir in rat brain tissue: Application of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ntshangase Sphamandla , Mdanda Sipho , Naicker Tricia , Kruger Hendrik G. , Baijnath Sooraj , Govender Thavendran 
Published: June 2019

RationaleThe complexity of central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery is the main obstacle with the blood–brain barrier (BBB) known to restrict access of most pharmaceutical drugs into the brain. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) offers possibilities for studying drug deposition into the CNS.MethodsThe deposition and spatial distribution of the two antiretroviral drugs elvitegravir and tenofovir in the brain were investigated in healthy female Sprague–Dawley rats following a single intraperitoneal administration (50 mg/kg). This was achieved by the utilization of quantitative liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI.ResultsLC/MS/MS showed that elvitegravir has better BBB penetration, reaching maximum concentration in the brain (Cmaxbrain) of 976.5 ng/g. In contrast, tenofovir displayed relatively lower BBB penetration, reaching Cmaxbrain of 54.5 ng/g. MALDI‐MSI showed the heterogeneous distribution of both drugs in various brain regions including the cerebral cortex.ConclusionsLC/MS/MS and MALDI‐MSI provided valuable information about the relative concentration and the spatial distribution of the two common antiretroviral drugs. This study has also shown the capability of MALDI‐MSI for direct visualization of pharmaceutical drugs in situ.
Three Coordination Polymers Based on Resorcin[4]arene as Effective Catalysts for the Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction and as Multifunctional Luminescent Sensors
Authors: Wang Li , Guo Ting‐Ting , Ma Ji‐Cheng , Liu Ying‐Ying , Xu Guo‐Hai , Ma Jian‐Fang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThree distinctive coordination polymers, [Zn2(m‐bdc)2(L)]⋅8DMF⋅2CH3OH (1), [Zn2(bpdc)2(L)]⋅9DMF⋅5CH3OH (2) and [Cd5Cl10(L)2]⋅6DMA⋅2CH3OH (3) were synthesized based on a novel pyridine‐functional resorcin[4]arene ligand (L=tetrakis(4‐mercaptopyridine‐ylmethyl) resorcin[4]arene, m‐H2bdc=1,3‐isophthalic acid, H2bpdc=biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid and DMA=N,N‐dimethylacetamide). Among them, 1 and 3 exhibit charming two‐dimensional layers, while 2 gives a three‐dimensional framework. The performance of 1 and 3 was studied as solvent‐free heterogeneous catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation reaction, of which 1 shows an efficient catalytic capability for the reactions of various aldehydes with malononitrile. Apart from that, the luminescent performance of 1 and 3 in a series of anions and cations were also explored. Their quenching to Cr2O72−, CrO42− and Fe3+ ions makes 1 and 3 become promising luminescent sensors.
Hollow Carbon Nanobelts Codoped with Nitrogen and Sulfur via a Self‐Templated Method for a High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Cui Chunyu , Wang Heng , Wang Meng , Ou Xuewu , Wei Zengxi , Ma Jianmin , Tang Yongbing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) have attracted enormous attention due to their high energy density and high power density. In this work, N and S codoped hollow carbon nanobelts (N/S‐HCNs) are synthesized by a self‐templated method. The as‐synthesized carbon nanobelts exhibit excellent performance in pseudocapacitance and electric double layer anions adsorption. After pairing the N/S‐HCNs cathode with a tin foil anode in a carbonate electrolyte, the obtained SIC achieves a high specific capacity of 400 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 (based on the mass of cathode material) and energy density of 250.35 Wh kg−1 at 676 W kg−1 (based on the total mass of cathode and anode materials). Besides, the presented SIC also demonstrates high cycling stability with almost 100% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles, which is among the best results of the reported SICs, suggesting the potential for high‐performance energy storage applications.
Obtaining DNA from ammunition: A review
Authors: Montpetit Shawn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the past 10 years, considerable progress has been made on the ability to obtain DNA from ammunition (unfired cartridges or the casings that remain after the firing process). Several groups have researched methods and processes to optimize the recovery of DNA from ammunition. A comprehensive review of published articles indicates that successful DNA testing of ammunition is possible using a variety of collection techniques, extraction methodologies, and amplification kits.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Benign Portal Vein Stenosis After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Ohgi Katsuhisa , Sugiura Teiichi , Yamamoto Yusuke , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Ashida Ryo , Aramaki Takeshi , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term patency of the portal vein (PV) in patients who survive after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features and risk factors for benign PV stenosis after PD.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the patients who underwent PD from September 2002 and December 2015 at our institution without intraoperative radiation therapy or concomitant PV resection. The postoperative computed tomography of each patient was evaluated, and PV stenosis was defined as the shortest diameter of the PV being <3 mm. The patients with PV stenosis due to local recurrence were excluded.ResultsOf the 458 patients, PV stenosis occurred in 57 (12.4%), including benign PV stenosis in 28 (6.1%) and PV stenosis due to local recurrence in 29 (6.3%). Of the 28 patients with benign PV stenosis, 7 (25%) developed symptoms related to portal hypertension, namely recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in 5 and refractory ascites in 2. Six patients were treated with percutaneous transhepatic PV stent placement, and all of their symptoms improved. A multivariate analysis found that a postoperative pancreatic fistula was an independent risk factor for benign PV stenosis after PD (odds ratio, 4.36; p = 0.005).ConclusionsPostoperative pancreatic fistula was a significant risk factor for benign PV stenosis after PD. Stent placement for benign PV stenosis was effective for the patients with symptoms due to portal hypertension.
Physical fitness and psycho-cognitive performance in the young and middle-aged workforce with primarily physical versus mental work demands
Authors: Prieske Olaf , Dalager Tina , Looks Vanessa , Golle Kathleen , Granacher Urs 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Aim
The purpose of this study was to examine physical fitness and psycho-cognitive performance and their associations in young and middle-aged workers with primarily physical versus mental work demands.

Subjects and methods
Healthy young and middle-aged workers (73 men, age = 33 ± 7 years; 75 women, age = 35 ± 9 years) were recruited from German small-to-medium-sized enterprises (< 250 employees) and classified into groups with primarily mental (MD) or physical demands (PD) at work. Participants were tested for cardiorespiratory fitness, trunk flexor/extensor muscular endurance, handgrip strength, balance, leg muscle power, perceived stress, cognitive performance, and work ability.

Results
Ninety-four workers were allocated to the MD (53% females) and 54 to the PD (46% females) groups. The MD group showed significantly better balance, trunk extensor muscular endurance, and cognitive performance (p < 0.035, 0.35 ≤ d ≤ 0.55) and less stress compared with the PD group (p < 0.023, d = 0.38). Group-specific Spearman rank correlation analysis (rS) revealed significant small-to-medium-sized correlations between physical fitness and cognitive performance (− 0.205 ≤ rS ≤ 0.434) in the MD and PD groups. Significant small-to-medium-sized correlations were found for physical fitness and stress/work ability (0.211 ≤ rS ≤ 0.301) in the MD group only. Further, associations of trunk extensor muscular endurance and work ability were significantly higher in the MD group (rS = 0.240) compared with the PD group (rS = − 0.141; z = 2.16, p = 0.031).

Conclusions
MD workers showed better physical fitness measures (balance, trunk extensor muscular endurance) and cognitive performance and lower levels of perceived stress compared with PD workers. Small-to-medium-sized associations between physical fitness and psycho-cognitive performance measures indicate that gains in physical fitness may at least partly contribute to psycho-cognitive performance and/or vice versa, particularly in MD workers.
Evaluation of new surfactants for enhanced oil recovery applications in high-temperature reservoirs
Authors: Zulkifli Nazliah Nazma , Mahmood Syed M. , Akbari Saeed , Manap Arif Azhan A. , Kechut Nor Idah , Elrais Khaled Abdalla 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSurfactants have been successfully used for enhanced or improved oil recovery in reservoirs having mild conditions (low temperature, low salinity). Reservoirs having harsh conditions, however, offer unique challenges in that most surfactants precipitate and chemically degrade due to a combined effect of high temperature and hardness salinity. Industry’s efforts are continuing to develop or formulate surfactants for oil recovery applications to high temperature and salinity. The aim of this study was to evaluate several modified anionic surfactants/formulations that were claimed to be able to overcome the unfavorably high-salinity brine (sea water) and high temperature and to understand the impact of high temperature to surfactant adsorption. A series of experiments were conducted to characterize and quantify the effects of aging time in high temperature (106 °C) and seawater salinity (32,000 ppm with 1600 hardness) on surfactant performance. Results for both sulfate- and sulfonate-based surfactants were deemed not to be satisfactory. Sulfate-based surfactants encountered hydrolysis problem at high temperature, whereas sulfonate-based surfactants precipitated in the presence of divalent ions. This study then focused on alkyl ether carboxylate (AEC) as the main surfactant, and blends of AEC with alkyl polyglucoside (APG). To find the optimum conditions, phase behavior tests were performed with a fixed seawater salinity but with different blending ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant, as well as overall surfactant concentrations, similar to the salinity scan. Type III microemulsion was observed for both surfactant solutions of AEC and AEC–APG blend with IFT of 10−3 mN/m (millinewton/meter). Surfactant adsorption resulted in lower adsorption in the high-temperature region. The results of this project are urgently needed by the industry for future screening in order to find suitable surfactants for applying to reservoirs with harsh conditions. The study also intends to provide an understanding of adsorption relationship to high temperature, as a guideline in addressing surfactant losses due to adsorption at high-temperature field application.
Increase in time spent on social media is associated with modest increase in depression, conduct problems, and episodic heavy drinking
Authors: Brunborg Geir Scott , Burdzovic Andreas Jasmina 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescent use of social media has been linked to a range of negative outcomes, but it is still unclear whether the associations are spurious. To address this issue, we examined if within‐individual change in time spent on social media was associated with within‐individual changes in depression, conduct problems, and episodic heavy drinking in a sample of adolescents using first‐differencing models (FD‐models).MethodsA sample of 763 Norwegian adolescents (45.1% boys; mean age 15.22 years, standard deviation 1.44) completed two questionnaires 6‐months apart. The associations between changes in time spent on social media and symptoms of depression, conduct problems, and frequency of episodic heavy drinking were estimated using FD‐models, a statistical technique that effectively controls for all time‐invariant individual factors. We also accounted for three time‐variant putative confounders: frequency of sports practice, frequency of unsupervised leisure activities, and peer relationship problems.ResultsIncreases in time spent on social media were associated with increases in symptoms of depression (b = 0.13 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.24], p = 0.038), increases in conduct problems (b = 0.07 [95% CI: 0.02, 0.10], p = 0.007), and increases in episodic heavy drinking (b = 0.10 [95% CI: 0.06, 0.15], p < 0.001), after adjusting for changes in the three hypothesized confounders. The effect‐sizes for these relationships were, however, quite modest.ConclusionIncreased time spent on social media was modestly related to increases in depression, conduct problems, as well as frequency of episodic heavy drinking among adolescents.
Effects of pioglitazone on mnemonic hippocampal function: A blood oxygen level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging study in elderly adults
Authors: Knodt Annchen R. , Burke James R. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Plassman Brenda L. , Burns Daniel K. , Brannan Stephen K. , Kukulka Michael , Wu Jingtao , Hariri Ahmad R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionMitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, drugs that positively influence mitochondrial function are being evaluated in delay‐of‐onset clinical trials with at‐risk individuals. Such ongoing clinical research can be advanced by developing a better understanding of how these drugs affect intermediate brain phenotypes associated with both AD risk and pathophysiology.MethodsUsing a randomized, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled design in 55 healthy elderly volunteers, we explored the effects of oral, low‐dose pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione with promitochondrial effects, on hippocampal activity measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during the encoding of novel face–name pairs.ResultsCompared with placebo, 0.6 mg of pioglitazone (but not 2.1 mg, 3.9 mg, or 6.0 mg) administered daily for 14 days was associated with significant increases in right hippocampal activation during encoding of novel face–name pairs at day 7 and day 14, relative to baseline.DiscussionOur exploratory analyses suggest that low‐dose pioglitazone has measurable effects on mnemonic brain function associated with AD risk and pathophysiology.
The self-reported perceptions, readiness and psychological wellbeing of primary school students prior to transitioning to a secondary boarding school
Authors: Mander David J. , Lester Leanne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis research investigates the self-reported perceptions, readiness and psychological wellbeing of 15 male primary school students prior to transitioning to a secondary boarding school (S1) located away from home and family. A mixed-methods approach was used (i.e., online questionnaire and focus group), and findings indicate that while participants were apprehensive about expectations, study and encountering new technology at boarding school, all viewed the impending transition to S1 as a positive opportunity in their educational journey. Participants reported academic motivation and self-regulation above the norm; however, both questionnaire and focus group data indicated their academic self-perception was low. Levels of reported psychological distress were low, with symptoms associated with emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, prosocial behaviour and overall total difficulties all found to be within the normal range. Indicators of life satisfaction and protective factors associated with resilience were similarly found to be within the normal range. Four major themes and eight subthemes emerged from the qualitative data, including: (1) enthusiasm (i.e., confidence, sadness); (2) opportunity (i.e., new experiences and choices, friendships); (3) anchor points (i.e., older siblings, orientation); and (4) expectations (i.e., study, technology). The findings of this study add to the literature encouraging staff in boarding schools to view transition through the lens of the early to mid-adolescence developmental period and the emergence of co-occurring innate psychological needs – in particular, the desire for competence, autonomy and relatedness. Strengths and limitations of this study are presented.
Numerical solutions of compressible convection with an infinite Prandtl number: comparison of the anelastic and anelastic liquid models with the exact equations
Authors: Curbelo Jezabel , Duarte Lucia , Alboussière Thierry , Dubuffet Fabien , Labrosse Stéphane , Ricard Yanick 
Published: June 2019

We developed a numerical method for the set of equations governing fully compressible convection in the limit of infinite Prandtl numbers. Reduced models have also been analysed, such as the anelastic approximation and the anelastic liquid approximation. The tests of our numerical schemes against self-consistent criteria have shown that our numerical simulations are consistent from the point of view of energy dissipation, heat transfer and entropy budget. The equation of state of an ideal gas has been considered in this work. Specific effects arising because of the compressibility of the fluid are studied, like the scaling of viscous dissipation and the scaling of the heat flux contribution due to the mechanical power exerted by viscous forces. We analysed the solutions obtained with each model (fully compressible model, anelastic and anelastic liquid approximations) in a wide range of dimensionless parameters and determined the errors induced by each approximation with respect to the fully compressible solutions. Based on a rationale on the development of the thermal boundary layers, we can explain reasonably well the differences between the fully compressible and anelastic models, in terms of both the heat transfer and viscous dissipation dependence on compressibility. This could be mostly an effect of density variations on thermal diffusivity. Based on the different forms of entropy balance between exact and anelastic models, we find that a necessary condition for convergence of the anelastic results to the exact solutions is that the product $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}q$ must be small compared to unity, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$ is the ratio of the superadiabatic temperature difference to the adiabatic difference, and $q$ is the ratio of the superadiabatic heat flux to the heat flux conducted along the adiabat. The same condition seems also to be associated with a convergence of the computed heat fluxes. Concerning the anelastic liquid approximation, we confirm previous estimates by Anufriev et al. (Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., vol. 152, 2005, pp. 163–190) and find that its results become generally close to those of the fully compressible model when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}T{\mathcal{D}}$ is small compared to unity, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ is the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, $T$ is the temperature (here $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}T=1$ for an ideal gas) and ${\mathcal{D}}$ is the dissipation number.