bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillatory dynamics of cortical functional connections in semantic prediction
Authors: Mamashli Fahimeh , Khan Sheraz , Obleser Jonas , Friederici Angela D. , Maess Burkhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn event related potential, known as the N400, has been particularly useful in investigating language processing as it serves as a neural index for semantic prediction. There are numerous studies on the functional segregation of N400 neural sources; however, the oscillatory dynamics of functional connections among the relevant sources has remained elusive. In this study we acquired magnetoencephalography data during a classic N400 paradigm, where the semantic predictability of a fixed target noun was manipulated in simple German sentences. We conducted inter‐regional functional connectivity (FC) and time–frequency analysis on known regions of the semantic network, encompassing bilateral temporal, and prefrontal cortices. Increased FC was found in less predicted (LP) nouns compared with highly predicted (HP) nouns in three connections: (a) right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) from 0 to 300 ms mainly within the alpha band, (b) left lateral orbitofrontal (LOF) and right IFG around 400 ms within the beta band, and (c) left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left LOF from 300 to 700 ms in the beta and low gamma bands. Furthermore, gamma spectral power (31–70 Hz) was stronger in HP nouns than in LP nouns in left anterior temporal cortices in earlier time windows (0–200 ms). Our findings support recent theories in language comprehension, suggesting fronto‐temporal top–down connections are mainly mediated through beta oscillations while gamma band frequencies are involved in matching between prediction and input.
From catechol‐tocopherol to catechol‐hydroquinone polyphenolic antioxidant hybrids
Authors: Viglianisi Caterina , Menichetti Stefano , Morelli Paola , Baschieri Andrea , Amorati Riccardo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMultidefence antioxidants represent a valuable solution for the protection against oxidative stress. From the planned synthesis of a catechol‐tocopherol hybrid, we isolated a catechol‐hydroquinone hybrid through a BBr3‐mediated benzochromene‐fluoren‐1‐ol transposition. The compound prepared showed a remarkable chain‐breaking antioxidant in the catechol portion, while the very sensitive hydroquinone moiety revealed to be an efficient generator of hydroperoxyl radicals.
Venous thromboembolism in head and neck surgery: Risk, outcome, and burden at the national level
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Walsh Jarrett , Rodrigo Bayon , Kandil Emad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) can complicate major surgeries. This study examines the risk and outcomes of VTE in patients who underwent head and neck surgeries.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2010‐2014). Study population included adults (≥18 year) patients who underwent head and neck surgeries.ResultsA total 386 VTE patients and 116 450 controls included. VTE risk was 0.37%, postoperative mortality was 4.87%. Of VTE, 57.02% identified within the initial admission for surgery, while the rest required readmission within 90 days. VTE high‐risk surgeries included: major ear/skull base surgeries, major nose/paranasal sinuses surgeries, major mouth/tonsil surgeries, major salivary glands/ducts surgeries, major maxillofacial bones/mandible surgeries, and major and nonmajor pharynx and larynx surgeries (P < .05). Those same surgeries were also associated with a high risk of readmission (P < .05).ConclusionsVTE is associated with a significant mortality risk. Surgeries that involve the pharynx and larynx have the highest risk of VTE and readmission.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma of the oral cavity following skin graft reconstruction: Case report
Authors: Mayo Zachary , Seyedin Steven , Marquardt Michael , Mohiuddin Imran , Milhem Mohammed , Liu Vincent , Pagedar Nitin , Anderson Carryn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalignant melanomas on skin graft recipient sites are rare, with few cases reported in the literature.MethodsWe present a case report of a patient with recurrent cutaneous melanoma in the grafted anterolateral thigh flap of the tongue.ResultsA patient underwent hemiglossectomy with free flap reconstruction for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Five years later the patient was seen with a 1‐cm nodule and surrounding erythroplakia at the recipient site of the graft. Analysis revealed cutaneous malignant melanoma. Patient then related a remote history of a suspected skin melanoma of the donor leg that had been treated with excision, with unknown histology.ConclusionThis may be the first reported case of a cutaneous malignant melanoma in the oral cavity following an anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction, emphasizing the importance of obtaining a comprehensive history of skin cancers and closely inspecting the donor site prior to graft harvesting.
Synthesis and characterization of novel substituted thiophene derivatives and discovery of their carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition effects
Authors: Cetin Adnan , Türkan Fikret , Taslimi Parham , Gulçin İlhami 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNovel substituted thiophene derivatives (1, 2a‐e, 3, and
4) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by infrared radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass analysis. These novel substituted thiophene derivatives were effective inhibitor compounds of the carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes (hCA I and II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme with
K
i values in the range of 447.28 to 1004.65 nM for hCA I, 309.44 to 935.93 nM for hCA II, and 0.28 to 4.01 nM for AChE, respectively. Novel substituted thiophene derivatives can be good candidate drugs for the treatment of some diseases like neurological disorders, epilepsy, glaucoma, gastric and duodenal ulcers, mountain sickness, or osteoporosis as carbonic anhydrase isozymes inhibitors, and for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Expression and characterization of Flavikunin: A Kunitz‐type serine protease inhibitor identified in the venom gland cDNA library of Bungarus flaviceps
Authors: Kaur Simran , Devi Arpita , Saikia Bhaskarjyoti , Doley Robin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTrancriptomic analysis of the venom gland cDNA library of Bungarus flaviceps revealed Kunitz‐type serine protease inhibitor as one of the major venom protein families with three groups A, B, C. One of the group B isoforms named Flavikunin, which lacked an extra cysteine residue involved in disulfide bond formation in
β‐bungarotoxin, was synthesized, cloned, and overexpressed in
Escherichia coli. To decipher the structure‐function relationship, the P1 residue of Flavikunin, histidine, was mutated to alanine and arginine. Purified wild‐type and mutant Flavikunins were screened against serine proteases‐thrombin, factor Xa, trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, and elastase. The wild‐type and mutant Flavikunin (H∆R) inhibited plasmin with an IC
50 of 0.48 and 0.35 µM, respectively. The in‐silico study showed that P1 residue of wild‐type and mutant (H∆R) Flavikunin interacted with S1′ and S1 site of plasmin, respectively. Thus, histidine at the P1 position was found to be involved in plasmin inhibition with mild anticoagulant activity.
Clopidogrel reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation and neutrophil‐platelet aggregates in an experimental endotoxemic model
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Li , Deng Hua‐Fei , Li Ting , Miao Shu‐Ying , Xiao Zi‐Hui , Liu Mei‐Dong , Liu Ke , Xiao Xian‐Zhong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPlatelet activation contributes to organs failure in inflammation and plays an important role in endotoxemia. Clopidogrel inhibits platelet aggregation and activation. However, the role of clopidogrel in modulating inflammatory progression of endotoxemia remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the role of clopidogrel on the activation of platelet and leukocytes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation in mice. Animals were treated with clopidogrel or vehicle before LPS induction. The expression of neutrophil‐platelet aggregates and platelet activation and tissue factor was determined. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze platelet‐leukocyte interactions and tissue factor (TF) expression on leukocytes. Clopidogrel pretreatment markedly decreased lung damage, inhibited platelet‐neutrophil aggregates and TF expression. In addition, clopidogrel reduced thrombocytopenia and affected the number of circulating white blood cell in endotoxemia mice. Moreover, clopidogrel also reduced platelet shedding of CD40L and CD62P in endotoxemic mice. Taken together, clopidogrel played an important role through reducing platelet activation and inflammatory process in endotoxemia.
MiR‐34c/SOX9 axis regulates the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cell to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Xiao Songshu , Li Yueran , Pan Qiong , Ye Mingzhu , He Sili , Tian Qi , Xue Min 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCisplatin (DDP)‐based chemotherapy is a standard strategy for ovarian cancer (OC), while chemoresistance remains a major therapeutic challenge. Transcription factor SOX9 has been reported to be associated with tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. In the current study, we observed a higher SOX9 expression in OC cell lines; SOX9 overexpression might aggravate the chemoresistance of the OC cell to DDP, whereas its knockdown enhanced the chemoresistance. We screened for candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) which might target SOX9 using online tools and further verified the effect of miR‐34c, one of the candidate miRNA that significantly inhibited SOX9 expression, in the regulation of OC cell proliferation and chemoresistance to DDP. Further, we verified the interaction between SOX9 and miR‐34c, as well as the involvement of β‐catenin signaling in this process. Through the analysis of the correlation between miR‐34c expression and the clinical features of patients with OC, we revealed that miR‐34c might inhibit OC cell proliferation and chemoresistance to improve the prognosis of patients with OC. Further, the expression of SOX9, β‐catenin, and c‐Myc in OC tissues was upregulated and inversely correlated with miR‐34c expression, indicating that rescuing miR‐34c expression, thus to inhibit SOX9, β‐catenin, and c‐Myc expression presents a promising strategy of reducing the chemoresistance of the OC cell to DDP.
Role of miR‐486‐5p in regulating renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation and apoptosis via TGF‐β–activated kinase 1
Authors: He Yanfa , Liu Jianzhen , Wang Yongjun , Zhu Xiaoli , Fan Zhengchao , Li Chongbin , Yin Hang , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common kidney tumor in adults. The role of miR‐486‐5p in RCC is unknown. The aim of our study was to identify new targets regulated by miR‐486‐5p in RCC, to obtain a deeper insight into the network and to better understand the role of these microRNAs and their targets in carcinogenesis of RCC. We performed a series of tests and found consistently lower expression levels of miR‐486‐5p in kidney cancer cells. Restoration of miR‐486‐5p expression in RCC cells could lead to the suppression of cell proliferation and the increase of cell apoptosis. Further studies demonstrated that TGF‐β–activated kinase 1 was a target gene of miR‐486‐5p in kidney cancer cells. It was also shown that C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) from tumor‐associated macrophages downregulated miR‐486‐5p expression, and miR‐486‐5p inhibited RCC cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance induced by CCL2. The study demonstrates that there are potential diagnosis and therapy values of miR‐486‐5p in RCC.
RETRACTED: Downregulation of microRNA‐23b protects against ischemia‐reperfusion injury via p53 signaling pathway by upregulating MDM4 in rats
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Guan Jian‐Zhong , Wu Min , Lai Gui‐Hua , Zhu Zhong‐Lian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty is a commonly performed safe procedure and typically executed in severe knee arthritis, but it also triggers ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). More recently, microRNAs (miRs) have been reported to play a contributory role in IRI through the key signaling pathway. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the effect and specific mechanism of microRNA‐23b (miR‐23b), murine double minute 4 (MDM4), and the p53 signaling pathway in IRI rat models. First, the IRI model was established, and the expression pattern of miR‐23b, MDM4, and the p53 signaling pathway‐related genes was characterized in cartilaginous tissues. Then, miR‐23b mimics or inhibitors were applied for the elevation or the depletion of the miR‐23b expression and siRNA‐MDM4 for the depletion of the MDM4 expression in the articular chondrocytes. By means of immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, IRI rats exhibited increased miR‐23b expression, activated p53 signaling pathway, and decreased MDM4 expression. MDM4 was verified as a target gene of miR‐23b through. Downregulated miR‐23b increased the expression of MDM4, AKT, and Bcl‐2, but decreased the expression of p53, p21, and Bax. In addition, a series of cell experiments demonstrated that downregulated miR‐23b promoted articular chondrocyte proliferation and cell cycle entry, but inhibited articular chondrocyte apoptosis. The absence of the effects of miR‐23b was observed after MDM4 knocked down. Our results indicate that silencing miR‐23b could act to attenuate IRI and reduce the apoptosis of articular chondrocytes through inactivation of the p53 signaling pathway by upregulating MDM4, which provide basic therapeutic considerations for a novel target against IRI.
Extension of lymphocyte viability for radiation biodosimetry: Potential implications for radiological/nuclear mass casualty incidents
Authors: Smith Tammy , Escalona Maria , Ryan Terri , Livingston Gordon K. , Sanders Jacob T. , Balajee Adayabalam S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDicentric chromosome assay (DCA) is routinely used for estimating the absorbed radiation dose in exposed humans. Optimal lymphocyte viability is crucial for reliable dose estimation and most cytogenetic laboratories prefer the receipt of blood samples within 24 to 36 hours after collection. Delays in the shipment/receipt of samples can occur sometimes under certain unforeseen circumstances: (1) Adverse weather conditions, (2) distant location of blood collection sites, and (3) shipping and handling of a large number of samples after radiological/nuclear mass casualty incident(s). To circumvent some of these limitations, we evaluated the suitability of ex vivo irradiated blood samples stored in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 7 days at ambient temperature (22‐24°C) for radiation biodosimetry. Blood samples stored in the presence of PHA for up to 7 days showed a higher mitotic index than blood samples stored without PHA. To verify the use of stored blood samples for DCA, frequencies of X‐rays induced dicentric chromosomes were analyzed in the blood samples that were cultured either 24 hours after exposure or 7 days later after storage. Our results indicate that storage of ex vivo irradiated blood samples in the presence of PHA at ambient temperature was found optimal for DCA and that the radiation doses estimated by dicentric chromosome frequencies were grossly similar between the fresh and stored blood samples. Our study suggests that reliable and accurate biodosimetry results can be obtained for triage using blood samples stored for up to a week at ambient temperature in the presence of PHA.
A three microRNA‐based prognostic signature for small cell lung cancer overall survival
Authors: Yan Hao , Xin Shaobin , Ma Jing , Wang Hui , Zhang Heng , Liu Jindong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSmall‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with mechanisms far from understood.ObjectiveWe proposed to identify valuable prognostic signature for SCLC prognosis prediction.MethodsmicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of 42 SCLC patients were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus. miRNAs that significantly associated with SCLC overall survival (OS‐relevant) were identified through univariate Cox regression analysis followed by random survival forest analysis for identification of more reliable miRNA signature.ResultsEleven OS‐relevant miRNAs were obtained, and hsa‐miR‐194, hsa‐miR‐608, and hsa‐miR‐9 were further refined through RFS. A formula composed of the three miRNAs’ expression values weighted by their multivariate Cox regression coefficients was constructed, and based on which, SCLC patients with longer OS could be well distinguished from those with shorter OS.ConclusionsThis study should provide a valuable clue for SCLC prognosis evaluation.
Effects of catalpol on bronchial asthma and its relationship with cytokines
Authors: Li Yanlin , Wang Hai , Yang Xu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn animal (BALB/c mice) model of catalpol associated with bronchial asthma in vivo was established, and the effects of catalpol and its relationship with cytokines were investigated. A total of 30 adult BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a positive control group, a model group, and a catalpol group, with 10 mice in each group. The lung function of mice, the cell count, and the cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. The levels of cytokines [interleukin 4 (IL‐4), interleukin 5 (IL5), and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ)] in BALF were measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methods. The total number of cells in the BALF of the group treated with catalpol was significantly lower than the model group. After treatment with catalpol, the eosinophils and neutrophils of the mice were remarkably reduced compared with the model group. The malondialdehyde content in the lung tissue homogenate of the mice was also decreased in the catalpol group. The cytokines IL‐5 and IL‐4 exhibited a similar tendency: the concentrations of IL‐4 and IL‐5 for the catalpol group were dramatically decreased compared with the model group. However, the IFN‐γ concentration for the catalpol group was higher than the model group. The results indicated that IL‐5 may involve in the pathologic process of asthma‐like IL‐4, and an inflammatory reaction may still exist in the airway during the remission stage of asthma. The imbalances of the cytokine network might be an important molecular basis in the asthma pathogenesis. It is suggested that catalpol may be a potential drug for the clinical treatment of asthma.
Vaccines for colorectal cancer: an update
Authors: Sarvizadeh Mostafa , Ghasemi Faezeh , Tavakoli Fatemeh , Sadat Khatami Sara , Razi Ebrahim , Sharifi Hossein , Biouki Nousin Moussavi , Taghizadeh Mohsen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is known as the third most common and fourth leading cancer associated death worldwide. The occurrence of metastasis has remained as a critical challenge in CRC, so that distant metastasis (mostly to the liver) has been manifested in about 20%‐25% of patients. Several screening approaches have introduced for detecting CRC in different stages particularly in early stages. The standard treatments for CRC are surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in alone or combination. Immunotherapy is a set of novel approaches with the aim of remodeling the immune system battle with metastatic cancer cells, such as immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (immune checkpoint inhibitors), adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and cancer vaccine. Cancer vaccines are designed to trigger the intense response of immune system to tumor‐specific antigens. In two last decades, introduction of new cancer vaccines and designing several clinical trials with vaccine therapy, have been taken into consideration in colon cancer patients. This review will describe the treatment approaches with the special attention to vaccines applied to treat colorectal cancer.
Astrocytic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 prevents excitotoxic downregulation of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA in calcium dynamics
Authors: Chen Wei , He Bin , Zheng Ping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundA‐to‐I RNA editing catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) 1 represents an RNA‐based recoding mechanism implicated in a variety of cellular processes like intracellular homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of ADAR1 is increased in glioma, and ADAR1 short hairpin RNA affects regulated cellular exocytosis. This indicates that ADAR1 might be involved in cellular proliferation and/or apoptosis.MethodTo investigate the molecular mechanism by which ADAR1 is activity dependent, we applied the primary neuron culture and coculture with astrocytes and the RNA chipset to explore the underlying mechanism.ResultsWe found that in primary cultured neurons, the excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid (KA) increased the cellular calcium concentration determined by flow cytometry, and cocultured astrocyte could decrease the calcium concentration in KA‐treated neurons. In addition, we applied RNA chipset and found KA decreased the ADAR1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) expression and cocultured astrocytes could increase the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 expression and reverse the reduced ADAR1 and STAT2. This effect can be abolished by the astrocytic IGF‐1 with AG1024.ConclusionAstrocytic IGF‐1 has a neuroprotective role in preventing excitotoxic downregulation of ADAR1 in mediating calcium dynamics via STAT2.
RhoB antibody alters retinal vascularization in models of murine retinopathy
Authors: Almonte‐Baldonado Rowena , Bravo‐Nuevo Arturo , Gerald Damien , Benjamin Laura E. , Prendergast George C. , Laury‐Kleintop Lisa D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeovascularization in cancer or retinopathy is driven by pathological changes that foster abnormal sprouting of endothelial cells. Mouse genetic studies indicate that the stress‐induced small GTPase RhoB is dispensable for normal physiology but required for pathogenic angiogenesis. In diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or age‐related wet macular degeneration (AMD), progressive pathologic anatomic changes and ischemia foster neovascularization are characterized by abnormal sprouting of endothelial cells. This process is driven by the angiogenic growth factor VEGF, which induces and supports the formation of new blood vessels. While injectable biologics targeting VEGF have been used to treat these pathological conditions, many patients respond poorly, prompting interest in other types of mechanism‐based therapy. Here we report the preclinical efficacy of a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets RhoB, a signaling molecule that is genetically dispensable for normal physiology but required for pathogenic retinal angiogenesis. In murine models of proliferative retinal angiogenesis or oxygen‐induced retinopathy, administering a monoclonal RhoB antibody (7F7) was sufficient to block neoangiogenesis or avascular pathology, respectively. Our findings offer preclinical proof of concept for antibody targeting of RhoB to limit diabetic retinopathy, ROP or wet AMD and perhaps other diseases of neovasculogenesis such as hemangioma or hemangiosarcoma nonresponsive to existing therapies.