bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concepts of evidence‐based periodontal plastic surgery: Application of the principles of evidence‐based dentistry for the treatment of recession‐type defects
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , de Castro Pinto Rodrigo Carlos Nahas , Chambrone Luiz Armando 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe decision‐making process for the treatment of recession‐type defects is based on translation of the outcomes from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews to clinical practice. Such an approach is capable of assisting researchers, clinicians, and patients to understand the mechanisms and effects of the treatment of different root‐coverage procedures, as well as turning treatment options into usable and predictable tools to be applied in dental practice. This review explores: (a) the aspects related to the etiology of gingival recession; (b) the history of periodontal plastic surgery procedures used to achieve root coverage; (c) the main findings, implications of research, and practice of root‐coverage procedures described from the current base of systematic reviews; (d) the role of the evidence produced in Latin American research centers; and (e) the outcomes of an individual patient data meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the role of root coverage and restorative procedures in achieving complete root coverage of noncarious cervical lesions. The findings of the current base of evidence clearly indicate that all of the main periodontal plastic surgery procedures lead to improvements in initial clinical parameters, but subepithelial connective tissue grafts, either alone or associated with coronally advanced flaps, result in superior complete root coverage, long‐term stability, and greater increase of keratinized tissue. Nonetheless, coronally advanced flaps, either associated with biomaterials (acellular dermal matrix grafts, enamel derivative proteins and xenogeneic collagen matrix) or used alone, provide satisfactory results and are suitable for use as secondary/alternative procedures to subepithelial connective tissue grafts.
Cellular therapy in periodontal regeneration
Authors: Nuñez Javier , Vignoletti Fabio , Caffesse Raul G. , Sanz Mariano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition leading to destruction of the tooth supporting tissues, which if left untreated may cause tooth loss. The treatment of periodontitis mainly aims to arrest the inflammatory process by infection control measures, although in some specific lesions a limited periodontal regeneration can also be attained. Current regenerative approaches are aimed to guide the cells with regenerative capacity to repopulate the lesion and promote new cementum and new connective tissue attachment. The first phase in periodontal tissue regeneration involves the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into cementoblasts to promote new cementum, thus facilitating the attachment of new periodontal ligament fibers to the root and the alveolar bone. Current regenerative approaches limit themselves to the confines of the lesion by promoting the self‐regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. With the advent of bioengineered therapies, several studies have investigated the potential use of cell therapies, mainly the use of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells combined with different scaffolds. The understanding of the origin and differentiation patterns of these cells is, therefore, important to elucidate their potential therapeutic use and their comparative efficacy with current technologies. This paper aims to review the in vitro and experimental studies using cell therapies based on application of cementoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells isolated from oral tissues when combined with different scaffolds.
Role of occlusion in periodontal disease
Authors: Passanezi Euloir , Sant'Ana Adriana Campos Passanezi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article deals with establishing a new link between trauma from occlusion and periodontal pockets based on the know‐how and background gradually developed. To provide a better understanding to the reader, a historical perspective is firstly presented. The main features on the controversy of the role played by trauma from occlusion on the physiologic behavior of the periodontal structures are shown, together with how deviations from the normal characteristics of this relationship itself affect the integrity of the periodontal tissues when or associated with dental biofilm in the presence or not of periodontal pockets have arisen. The literature provides evidence showing that the very first publication to establish a strong correlation between trauma from occlusion and periodontal pockets in humans was of Latin‐American origin. However, subsequently, trauma from occlusion was mostly evaluated by an American group, followed by a Scandinavian group, yet with some contributions from the Latin‐American group. Basically trauma from occlusion has been correlated with periodontal pockets in view of the fact that these would render the periodontal supporting tissues more amenable to the spread of inflammation of biofilm‐related periodontal pockets. This would facilitate the fast deepening of periodontal pockets, influencing the generation of infrabony periodontal pockets or suprabony periodontal pockets that are deeper than in areas without trauma from occlusion. The factors related to these different behaviors are discussed. Several clinical cases are presented showing evidence that corroborates the possibility of an actual interrelationship between trauma from occlusion and periodontitis. Theoretical evaluations based on recent advances of the mechanisms involving molecular modulation in physiological and altered occlusal functions, as well as on research data, and evaluations from data of clinical cases, support the assumption that trauma from occlusion and periodontitis may embrace the unique pathologic condition of the associated lesion trauma from occlusion plus periodontitis or act independently even if both co‐exist simultaneously in a particular case. The link between both conditions that was emphasized as definitively necessary in order for an associated lesion to develop is that both lesions, namely trauma from occlusion and periodontitis, occur in their destructive stage at exactly the same time. This involvement would explain why so many different data are presented in the literature and hopefully will shed some light for development of new methodologies of research. Clinical cases were selected to present a treatment philosophy on the subject.
Maintenance therapy for teeth and implants
Authors: Mombelli Andrea 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMaintenance care is mandatory for the long‐term success of periodontal and implant treatment. As it is frequently necessary to treat recurrent or persisting disease, maintenance therapy goes beyond a true prophylaxis. During this lifelong therapy, both the patient and the dental team need to be working closely together. It is imperative to combine efforts to have the build‐up of biofilm under control during maintenance and to reduce, as much as possible, the influence that risk factors may play in plaque accumulation as well as in the tissue inflammatory response. Guidelines to evaluate periodontal tissue response are described, and a maintenance protocol is outlined. The management of residual pockets is stressed, and a variety of treatment approaches are considered and evaluated. How to evaluate peri‐implant tissues during maintenance is discussed, as is the protocol of the cumulative interceptive supportive therapy.
Focal infection of periodontal origin
Authors: Slots Jørgen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPeriodontology has evolved from a predominantly mechanical to a sophisticated infectious disease‐based discipline. Research has paved the way for a greater understanding of the periodontal microbiome, improvement in periodontal diagnostics and therapies, and the recognition of periodontitis being associated with more than 50 systemic diseases. The etiopathology of progressive periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and proinflammatory immune responses. This article points to a role of periodontal herpesviruses in the development of systemic diseases and proposes treatment of severe periodontitis not only to avoid tooth loss, but also to reduce the risk for systemic diseases. An efficient, safe, and reliable anti‐infective treatment of severe periodontitis is presented, which targets both herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens and which can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.
Responses of phytoplankton species to diel temperature fluctuation patterns
Authors: Zhang Min , Guan Yue , Qin Baoli , Wang Xulin 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYDiel temperature fluctuation might promote the dominance of cyanobacteria and result in the advance of bloom onset timing in spring. However, knowledge of how temperature fluctuations impact phytoplankton shift and then favor cyanobacterial growth in spring is limited. In this study, we analyzed photosynthesis and growth responses of phytoplankton species to different temperature fluctuation patterns in the laboratory. We also performed daily monitoring to detect the relationship between phytoplankton groups and diel temperature fluctuations. The results of the laboratory experiments suggested that the photosynthetic performance and growth rate of Microcystis aeruginosa were better adapted to temperature fluctuations than those of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Cyclotella meneghiniana. Temperature fluctuations slowed the proliferation of Ch. pyrenoidosa and Cy. meneghiniana, while promoting M. aeruginosa. Moreover, the response dynamics of different phytoplankton species to diel temperature fluctuations depended on the mean temperature. The results from the field also indicated that there was a positive relationship between cyanobacterial biomass and diel temperature fluctuations. Our study offers further understanding of the effect of temperature fluctuation on phytoplankton composition shift and the formation of cyanobacterial dominance in spring.
Probabilistic Multiple Hazard Resilience Model of an Interdependent Infrastructure System
Authors: Kong Jingjing , Simonovic Slobodan P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMultiple hazard resilience is of significant practical value because most regions of the world are subject to multiple natural and technological hazards. An analysis and assessment approach for multiple hazard spatiotemporal resilience of interdependent infrastructure systems is developed using network theory and a numerical analysis. First, we define multiple hazard resilience and present a quantitative probabilistic metric based on the expansion of a single hazard deterministic resilience model. Second, we define a multiple hazard relationship analysis model with a focus on the impact of hazards on an infrastructure. Subsequently, a relationship matrix is constructed with temporal and spatial dimensions. Further, a general method for the evaluation of direct impacts on an individual infrastructure under multiple hazards is proposed. Third, we present an analysis of indirect multiple hazard impacts on interdependent infrastructures and a joint restoration model of an infrastructure system. Finally, a simplified two‐layer interdependent infrastructure network is used as a case study for illustrating the proposed methodology. The results show that temporal and spatial relationships of multiple hazards significantly influence system resilience. Moreover, the interdependence among infrastructures further magnifies the impact on resilience value. The main contribution of the article is a new multiple hazard resilience evaluation approach that is capable of integrating the impacts of multiple hazard interactions, interdependence of network components (layers), and restoration strategy.
A Modular Bayesian Salmonella Source Attribution Model for Sparse Data
Authors: Mikkelä Antti , Ranta Jukka , Tuominen Pirkko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeveral statistical models for salmonella source attribution have been presented in the literature. However, these models have often been found to be sensitive to the model parameterization, as well as the specifics of the data set used. The Bayesian salmonella source attribution model presented here was developed to be generally applicable with small and sparse annual data sets obtained over several years. The full Bayesian model was modularized into three parts (an exposure model, a subtype distribution model, and an epidemiological model) in order to separately estimate unknown parameters in each module. The proposed model takes advantage of the consumption and overall salmonella prevalence of the studied sources, as well as bacteria typing results from adjacent years. The latter were used for a smoothed estimation of the annual relative proportions of different salmonella subtypes in each of the sources. The source‐specific effects and the salmonella subtype‐specific effects were included in the epidemiological model to describe the differences between sources and between subtypes in their ability to infect humans. The estimation of these parameters was based on data from multiple years. Finally, the model combines the total evidence from different modules to proportion human salmonellosis cases according to their sources. The model was applied to allocate reported human salmonellosis cases from the years 2008 to 2015 to eight food sources.
Cavity‐filling dolomite speleothems and submarine cements in the Ediacaran Dengying microbialites, South China: Responses to high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations in an ‘aragonite–dolomite sea’
Authors: Ding Yi , Chen Daizhao , Zhou Xiqiang , Guo Chuan , Huang Taiyu , Zhang Gongjing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpeleothems, mostly composed of calcium carbonate, are widely present in modern karst‐originated caves, but have rarely been reported in palaeokarst systems. This study presents a novel type of dolomite speleothem and subsequent submarine dolomite cement, which are widely present in the upper Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the upper Yangtze area. These precipitated materials occur in the cavity system that cuts across several peritidal cycles. The interconnected cavity networks with irregular shapes, embayed walls, internal breccias on cavity floor and their preferential development in the shallower cycle tops (for example, tepee‐deformed beds) suggest that they were initially generated by subaerial dissolution. As the earliest infills, the hemispherical protrusions, icicle‐like pendants and ground‐up columns show similar morphological features and occurrence patterns to the cave popcorn, stalactites and stalagmites, respectively. Thus, these earliest infills are speleothems resulting from associated meteoric precipitation during subaerial exposure. The isopachous growth pattern of subsequent more extensive fibrous dolomite cements points to a submarine diagenetic environment in which they were precipitated. Microscopically, the micritic to micro‐crystalline dolomite, acicular dolomite in speleothems and the subsequent fibrous dolomite share similar crystal fabrics to metastable precursors (for example, Mg‐calcite). Meanwhile, the carbon‐oxygen isotope compositions of the speleothem and fibrous dolomite, although partly altered by burial diagenesis, share a large overlap with host rock and coeval marine carbonates all over the Yangtze Platform. For these reasons, these speleothems and fibrous cements are considered to have been initially precipitated as metastable carbonate precursors in meteoric and submarine environments, respectively, and stabilized during submarine mimetic dolomitization. The cyclic occurrence of cavity systems filled with speleothems and submarine cements reflects periodic subaerial exposure and marine flooding of broad tidal flat in the upper Yangtze area, driven by high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations. Furthermore, the Neoproterozoic seawater chemistry that favoured early dolomitization of carbonate precursor mineralogies was an advantage for the preservation of fabrics from metastable precursor minerals.
A lost Tethyan evaporitic basin: Evidence from a Cretaceous hemipelagic meta‐selenite – red chert association in the Eastern Mediterranean realm
Authors: Scheffler Franziska , Immenhauser Adrian , Pourteau Amaury , Natalicchio Marcello , Candan Osman , Oberhänsli Roland 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAncient evaporite deposits are geological archives of depositional environments characterized by a long‐term negative precipitation balance and bear evidence for global ocean element mass balance calculations. Here, Cretaceous selenite pseudomorphs from western Anatolia (‘Rosetta Marble’) — characterized by their exceptional morphological preservation — and their ‘marine’ geochemical signatures are described and interpreted in a process‐oriented context. These rocks recorded Late Cretaceous high‐pressure/low‐temperature, subduction‐related metamorphism with peak conditions of 1·0 to 1·2 GPa and 300 to 400°C. Metre‐scale, rock‐forming radiating rods, now present as fibrous calcite marble, clearly point to selenitic gypsum as the precursor mineral. Stratigraphic successions are recorded along a reconstructed proximal to distal transect. The cyclical alternation of selenite beds and radiolarian ribbon‐bedded cherts in the distal portions are interpreted as a two type of seawater system. During arid intervals, shallow marine brines cascaded downward into basinal settings and induced precipitation. During more humid times, upwelling‐induced radiolarian blooms caused the deposition of radiolarite facies. Interestingly, there is no comparable depositional setting known from the Cenozoic world. Meta‐selenite geochemical data (δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr) plot within the range of reconstructed middle Cretaceous seawater signatures. Possible sources for the 13C‐enriched (mean 2·2‰) values include methanogenesis, gas hydrates and cold seep fluid exhalation. Spatially resolved component‐specific analysis of a rock slab displays isotopic variances between meta‐selenite crystals (mean δ13C 2·2‰) and host matrix (mean δ13C 1·3‰). The Cretaceous evaporite‐pseudomorphs of Anatolia represent a basin wide event coeval with the Aptian evaporites of the Proto‐Atlantic and the pseudomorphs share many attributes, including lateral distribution of 600 km and stratigraphic thickness of 1·5 to 2·0 km, with the evaporites formed during the younger Messinian salinity crisis. The Rosetta Marble of Anatolia may represent the best‐preserved selenite pseudomorphs worldwide and have a clear potential to act as a template for the study of meta‐selenite in deep time.
Methodological Challenges in Social Vulnerability and Resilience Research: Reflections on Studies in the Canterbury and Tohoku Disasters*
Authors: Uekusa Shinya 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis article discusses the methodological challenges in social vulnerability and resilience research I encountered while conducting qualitative research on immigrants’ and refugees’ experiences in disasters.MethodsThese challenges and issues will be critically analyzed based on my reflections and social capital theory.ResultsThis article highlights the institutional practices, linguistic barriers, timing, and issues of overstudying and overrepresentation. These challenges led to a critical methodological and theoretical question: Are we really reaching out to the socially vulnerable? Notably, those with higher social capital demonstrate stronger resilience. Such “success stories” are widely known, which raises a concern for disaster researchers: Is this because researchers typically have limited access channels and more easily connect with these resilient communities?ConclusionDue to their and researchers’ own lack of social capital, some groups and individuals are relatively understudied, despite the fact that researchers could learn a great deal from their disaster experience.
A first‐year leadership programme for medical students
Authors: Wagenschutz Heather , McKean Erin L , Mangrulkar Rajesh , Zurales Katie , Santen Sally 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe established medical hierarchy, dramatic expansion of scientific knowledge and emphasis on value‐based health care means that graduating physicians need to know how to manage and lead positive change. There is a critical gap in the teaching of these skills in undergraduate medical education.
MethodsOur medical school developed a first‐year medical student competency‐based leadership curriculum that focused on: leading yourself; teams and teamwork; influence and communication; problem solving; and systems thinking. The course used four methods of teaching leadership: experiential learning; targeted development; reflection; and feedback. The formal curriculum included topics such as developing a leadership agenda, challenging conversations and negotiations. The informal curriculum (learning outside of the structured curriculum) included applying leadership in co‐curricular and extracurricular activities (e.g. in a student‐run free clinic). Students recorded leadership experiences using a novel reflective assessment tool, obtained multi‐source feedback and then articulated a plan for improvement.ResultsCourse evaluations noted that only one‐third of first‐year students responded that the curriculum developed skills in communication, and the ability to problem‐solve, apply systems thinking and build teams. Students self‐reported that they were often building, leading and managing productive teams, and applying influence and communication. The multi‐source feedback assessment revealed that students, on average, were rated as competent to proficient.DiscussionCreating a robust curriculum for medical students in the first year is challenging. Student reactions ranged from affirming to critical. The next steps will focus on increasing interactive teaching and on helping students understand why, where and how leadership is important.