bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel association of Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas with malodour in bloodhound dogs, and the effects of a topical product composed of essential oils and plant‐derived essential fatty acids in a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Meason‐Smith Courtney , Older Caitlin E. , Ocana Roxanna , Dominguez Brandon , Lawhon Sara D. , Wu Jing , Patterson Adam P. , Rodrigues Hoffmann Aline 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe pathogenesis and treatment of cutaneous malodour in dogs have not been investigated previously. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium spp. are associated with human axillary malodour.HypothesisStaphylococcus and Corynebacterium spp. are associated with cutaneous malodour in dogs, and treatment with a topical essential oil‐based product will improve malodour and reduce the abundance of odour‐causing bacteria.AnimalsTwenty seven bloodhound dogs from a south Texas boarding facility were enrolled in this study.Methods and materialsSkin swabs were taken from the axilla and dorsum of 27 dogs at initiation of the study. Mean malodour scores were used to assign dogs to control or malodour groups. The malodourous dogs were randomly assigned to a treatment or placebo group, received four weekly topical applications of the spot‐on or placebo, and samples were recollected. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed on all swabs.ResultsPsychrobacter and Pseudomonas spp. were significantly more abundant (P < 0.001, P = 0.006; respectively), and overall bacterial diversity was reduced (P = 0.0384) on the skin of malodourous dogs. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium spp. were not associated with malodour. The topical essential oil‐based product significantly (P = 0.0078) improved malodour in the treatment group and shifted their bacterial community structure.Conclusions and clinical importanceA novel association of bacterial genera with malodour in bloodhound dogs, identified by NGS, highlights future targets for odour control. The topical treatment significantly reduced malodour. The interaction between the topical treatment and cutaneous microbiota should be further investigated and may be useful in other dermatological conditions involving microbiota.
Comparison of the tube test and column agglutination techniques for anti‐A/‐B antibody titration in healthy individuals
Authors: Matsuura Hideaki , Akatsuka Yoshiki , Matsuno Takahiro , Sugiura Yukari , Arakawa Shoko , Oikawa Shota , Yoshida Jumpei , Kosugi Mitsuaki , Emi Nobuhiko 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectivesDetermination of the anti‐A/‐B titre pre‐ and post‐transplantation is beneficial for treatment selection. Currently, the recommended method for antibody titration is the tube test (TT) assay. Dithiothreitol (DTT) is used for IgM antibody inactivation. Recently, a fully automated antibody titration assay using the column agglutination technique (CAT) was developed (auto‐CAT). Our aim was to compare the auto‐CAT and TT techniques for ABO antibody titration, to evaluate the effectiveness of DTT‐treated plasma for use with auto‐CAT and to define the cut‐off value for antibody titration by auto‐CAT.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 30 healthy individuals, including 10 each for blood types A, B and O. We performed antibody titre measurement using the TT technique and auto‐CAT simultaneously. Auto‐CAT uses the bead column agglutination technology.ResultsWith the auto‐CAT cut‐off value set to weak (w)+ with DTT treatment plasma, the concordance rate was 45%, and the weighted kappa value between TT and auto‐CAT results was 0·994 in all subjects. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the anti‐A/‐B titre results obtained using the TT technique and auto‐CAT in all blood types. Moreover, a positive bias (falsely elevated end‐points due to agglomeration of A/B cells) was not observed in auto‐CAT testing using DTT‐treated plasma.ConclusionOur results show that 1+ agglutination using the TT technique is equivalent to w+ agglutination obtained using auto‐CAT. We recommend that DTT may be used with auto‐CAT to measure antibody titres. Thus, we suggest that auto‐CAT is useful for antibody titration in routine examination.
Effect of implementation of a surgical safety checklist on perioperative and postoperative complications at an academic institution in North America
Authors: Cray Megan T. , Selmic Laura E. , McConnell Briana M. , Lamoureux Lorissa M. , Duffy Daniel J. , Harper Tisha A. , Philips Heidi , Hague Devon W. , Foss Kari D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a surgical safety checklist (SSC) in reducing perioperative and postoperative complications.Study designBefore‐and‐after intervention study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 633) and cats (n = 44).MethodsConsecutive surgeries were enrolled in the study. The “before” phase consisted of 267 surgeries performed without an SSC (SSC−) followed by 75 SSC− surgeries in which a trained observer was in the operating room to detect possible complications. An SSC was then implemented in the operating rooms during 1 week. The “after” phase consisted of 58 surgeries in which a safety checklist (SSC+) and an observer were used and 277 SSC+ surgeries without an observer. Complications were prospectively recorded when witnessed by the observer, and all other perioperative complications were retrospectively recorded from veterinary records and client telephone communication.ResultsThere were more perioperative and postoperative complications when surgeries were performed without an SSC (140/342 [40.9%; 95% CI, 35.7%‐46.4%]) than there were when surgeries were performed with an SSC (98/335 [29.3%; 95% CI, 24.4%‐34.4%]; P = .002). Surgical checklist use, presence of an observer, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and anesthesia time were all independently associated with the odds of complications.ConclusionImplementation of an SSC in an academic teaching hospital decreased the odds of perioperative and postoperative surgical complications.Clinical significanceThis study supports the use of an SSC to prevent surgical complications in veterinary teaching hospitals.
Data Collection and Analysis for the Creation of a Digital Shadow During the Production of Thermoplastic Composite Layers in Unbonded Flexible Pipes
Authors: Schäkel Martin , McNab John , Dodds Neville , Peters Tido , Janssen Henning , Brecher Christian 
Published: September 2018

Unbonded flexible pipes present a mature technology for the efficient recovery and transport of hydrocarbons offshore. The substitution of metallic reinforcement layers in the multi-layered structure by thermoplastic fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) presents a solution for self-weight issues of especially long pipes, as FRP materials display high specific strength and modulus while being resistant to external pressure and corrosion.
The production of these layers is automated by the laser-assisted tape winding process without the need of additional curing steps. During the manufacturing process, several data like process temperature and consolidation pressure are continuously monitored by non-contact sensors to ensure process stability without interfering in the consolidation process. To gain additional information about the temperature distribution within the multi-layered laminate, contact temperature sensors were introduced in the tape winding process. By this method the temperature of subjacent tapes can be assessed during the continued winding process.
Additionally, this paper features a new approach of utilizing winding path data for relating the time-dependent sensor data to the exact position on the produced part. The visualization of path-dependent sensor data opens up possibilities of linking quality monitoring results to manufacturing insufficiencies and potential part defects.
Onset and Post Buckling of Pipe-in-Pipe’s Helical Buckling Using Improved Energy Method
Authors: Gong Lixin 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this paper is to present theoretical solutions based on an improved energy method for predicting the helical buckling (HB) behavior of pipes in vertical, inclined, and horizontal wells.
The energy method has been applied to solve the pipe-in-pipe’s (PIP) helical buckling behavior since Lubinski, et al [2] in the 1950’s. However, in the preceding studies, the energy methods are not yet completely correct because the pipe’s potential energy of the distributed contact normal force induced by the helical buckling was considered to be negligible. This deficiency caused improper deductive procedures.
In this paper, the energy method is improved by adding the term of the potential energy of the distributed contact normal force. With this improvement, not only can the PIP’s critical helical buckling forces be successfully derived, but it also provides a deeper insight on the PIP’s helical buckling onset, as well as the post helical buckling behavior.
For inclined and horizontal wells, equations are provided to determine the critical forces required to initiate the helical buckling mode for both “long” and “short” pipes. In addition, the post buckling behavior is also described, and a new concept of helical buckling zone (HBZ) for “short” pipes is introduced based on the force-pitch plots as an area in-between the helical buckling’s onset curve and the classical Lubinski curve.
Finite element ABAQUS models have also been utilized to confirm the analysis using the improved energy method. And the ABAQUS results show remarkable agreement with the theoretical solutions.
On Bending Performance of Additively Manufactured Steel Catenary Riser (SCR): Effect of Welding Residual Stress on Bending Strain Capacity
Authors: Ebrahimi Alireza , Kenny Shawn , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: September 2018

Additive manufacturing (AM) also known as 3D printing is defined as a bottom-up layer on layer process of joining materials to make objects from 3D CAD models. Of particular interest in this paper is a powder bed fusion technique, namely Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) method to sinter metal powders. The advantages of metal 3D printing, e.g. high strength-to-density ratio, rapid prototyping, etc. are the motivations to employ this new disruptive technology in the marine sector, besides its current applications in medical, defense, aerospace, and automotive industries.
The current study is part of a series of collaborative work initiated by Marine Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (MAMCE) in which the bending strain capacity of two welded linepipes at the most critical failure point of SCR (i.e. touch-down zone) was examined. This paper comprises two main sections; in the first part a continuum finite element model was developed to simulate welding induced residual stresses and the results were calibrated with existing data in published literature; and the last part is dedicated to examination of bending strain capacity of the welded pipe. The methodology is used for two different model; a conventional stainless steel pipe; and a hybrid (i.e. Maraging steel-stainless steel) riser made using 3D metal printing technique in existence of welding induced residual stresses (i.e. section one). A comparison between the hybrid SCR model and conventional carbon steel one under similar conditions was presented providing valuable perspective over bending performance of each kind. The major outcomes of this paper are the residual stress pattern and bending moment-curvature graphs for both types of the pipe configurations, which comparatively demonstrate the significance of the type of manufacturing (AM and conventional methods), and existence of welding residual stress and internal pressure on bending behavior of SCR.
Can Titanium and Copper Oxide Commercial Nanoparticles Be Used for HP/HT Applications? A Comparison With the Very Well Performing Fe3O4 NP
Authors: Vryzas Zisis , Kelessidis Vassilios C. , Nalbandian Lori , Zaspalis Vassilios 
Published: September 2018

Smart drilling fluids, which can change their properties according to the flow environment, must be carefully designed so that they can handle the difficult challenges of HP/HT drilling successfully. Due to their unique physico-chemical properties, nanoparticles (NP) are considered as very good candidates for the formulation of these smart drilling fluids. This study presents filtration and rheological results of newly developed high-performance water-based drilling fluid systems containing different nanoparticles, commercial (C) titanium oxide (TiO2) and commercial (C) copper oxide (CuO) NP and compares them with results from using custom-made (CM) iron oxide (Fe3O4) NP and commercial (C) iron oxide (Fe3O4) NP, previously reported.
Novel nano-based drilling fluids were made of de-ionized water, 7 wt% commercial Na-bentonite (base fluid), and NP were added at 0.5 wt%. The rheological properties of the produced suspensions were measured at temperatures up to 60°C and at atmospheric pressure with a Couette-type viscometer. Filtration characteristics were determined at elevated pressures and temperatures in a HP/HT filter press (500 psi/176°C) using ceramic discs as filter media, of permeability, k = 775 mD.
The results of this study showed that the samples containing 0.5 wt% C TiO2 caused a reduction in the fluid loss by 23%, while C CuO NP resulted in 16% reduction, when compared to that of the base fluid, at these HPHT conditions. This should be compared to the 47% and 34% reduction in fluid loss of 0.5% CM Fe3O4 NP and of 0.5% of C Fe3O4 NP, reported previously.
Analysis of rheological data revealed shear-thinning behavior for all the tested novel drilling fluids. The samples containing TiO2 and CuO NP exhibited a yield stress less than that of the base fluid, compared to the increased yield stress observed for the C and CM Fe3O4 NP. This behavior can be attributed to the fact that TiO2 and CuO NP may also act as deflocculants and prevent the gelation of bentonite suspensions.
This study shows that commercial nanoparticles of TiO2 and CuO do not perform as well as the Fe3O4 NP on filtration but provide drilling fluids with lower yield stresses, thus they could be considered as alternatives to Fe3O4 in situations where the rheological properties are critical.
Analytical Formulation of Nonlinear Froude-Krylov Forces for Surging-Heaving-Pitching Point Absorbers
Authors: Giorgi Giuseppe , Ringwood John V. 
Published: September 2018

Accurate and computationally efficient mathematical models are fundamental for designing, optimizing, and controlling wave energy converters. Wave energy devices are likely to exhibit significant nonlinear behaviour, over their full operational envelope, so that nonlinear models may become indispensable.
Froude-Krylov nonlinearities are of great importance in point absorbers but, in general, their calculation requires an often unacceptable increase in model complexity and computational time. However, if the body is assumed to be axisymmetric, it is possible to describe the whole geometry analytically, thereby allowing faster calculation of nonlinear Froude-Krylov forces.
In this paper, a convenient parametrization of axisymmetric body geometries is proposed, applicable to devices moving in surge, heave, and pitch. In general, the Froude-Krylov integrals must be solved numerically. Assuming small pitch angles, it is possible to further simplify the problem, and achieve an algebraic solution, which is considerably faster than numerical integration.
Simultaneous Stochastic Model of Waves and Currents for Prediction of Structural Design Loads
Authors: Bruserud Kjersti 
Published: September 2018

Simultaneous data of metocean parameters, such as wind, waves and current, of sufficient quality and duration are necessary to establish reliable, joint models of metocean loads and load effects on marine structures. In lack of such joint models, the Norwegian design standard, NORSOK N-003, recommends combinations of metocean parameters for load estimations assumed to be conservative. However, the degree of conservatism is rather uncertain.
The possible conservatism in NORSOK N-003 for combinations of wave and current conditions in the northern North Sea has been assessed. To perform such an assessment, precise knowledge about the wave and current conditions is required, as well as simultaneous wave and current data of high quality and long duration.
Available measured wave and current data during nearly five years, at selected locations in the northern North Sea, are described. A thorough assessment of the current conditions at these locations is given, with the following important findings; (1) the quality of measured current data is poorer than anticipated, (2) the dominating current conditions at some locations is wind-generated inertial oscillations, (3) the seasonality of current conditions at these locations is very distinct due to the inertial oscillations and (4) significant inter-annual variations in current conditions is found.
For waves in the northern North Sea, both measured and hindcast data are found to be of appropriate quality and duration for joint considerations, but neither current measurements nor hindcast have the required quality or duration. To generate adequate current data, a simple model for wind-generated inertial oscillations is applied and validated at one location in the northern North Sea. With that, simultaneous wave and current data of sufficient quality and duration for joint modelling are available and a joint conditional model for waves and currents is proposed.
The anticipated conservatism in NORSOK N-003 for load estimations is assessed by a case study. A simplified model for a generic static load on a jacket, caused by waves and currents, is assumed. For the northern North Sea, metocean loads are estimated first according to the NORSOK N-003 recommendation, and then directly from a load times series. Comparison of the two different approaches gives a clear indication that the NORSOK recommendation is not necessarily conservative in the northern North Sea. Due to several simplifications in the steps leading up to the load estimations, this result is intended to be illustrative.
Long-Term Area Statistics for Maximum Crest Height Under a Fixed Platform Deck
Authors: Hagen Øistein , Birknes-Berg Jørn , Grue Ida Håøy , Lian Gunnar , Bruserud Kjersti , Vestbøstad Tone 
Published: September 2018

As offshore reservoirs are depleted, the seabed may subside. Furthermore, the extreme crests estimates are now commonly higher than obtained previously due to improved understanding of statistics of non-linear irregular waves. Consequently, bottom fixed installations which have previously had sufficient clearance between the deck and the sea surface may be in a situation where wave impact with the deck must be considered at relevant probability levels.
In the present paper, we investigate the long-term area statistics for maximum crest height under a fixed platform deck for 2nd order short crested and long crested sea based on numerical simulations as a function of platform deck dimension for jackets. The results are for one location in the northern North Sea, but some key results are also reported and verified for a more benign southern North Sea location. Time domain simulations for long crested and short crested waves over a spatial domain with dimension of a platform deck are performed, and relevant statistics for airgap assessment determined.
Second order waves are simulated for the different cells in the (Hs, Tp) scatter diagram for Torsethaugen two-peak wave spectrum for long-crested and short-crested sea. A total of 1000 3-hour sea states are generated per cell, and time series generated for 160 spatial points under a platform deck.
Short-term and long-term statistics are established for the maximum crest height as function of platform dimension; inline and transverse to the wave direction, and over the area. Results are given for the linear sea and for the second order time series.
The annual q-probability estimates for the maximum crest height over area as a function of platform dimension is determined for a location at the Norwegian Continental Shelf by weighting the short-term statistics for the individual cells in the scatter diagram with the long-term probability of occurrence of the sea state. To reduce the number of numerical second order simulations, the effect of excluding cells that have a negligible effect on the long term extreme crest estimate is discussed. The percentiles in the distribution of maximum crest (over area) in design sea states that corresponds to the extreme values obtained from the long-term analysis are determined for long crested and short crested sea. The increase in the extreme crest over an area compared to the point in space estimate is estimated for both linear and second order surface elevation.
Dynamic Characteristics of Deep-Water Risers Carrying Multiphase Flows
Authors: Ma Bowen , Srinil Narakorn 
Published: September 2018

Deep-water flexible risers conveying hydrocarbon oil and gas flows may be subject to internal dynamic fluctuations associated with the spatial variations of phase densities, velocities and pressure drops. Many studies have focused on single-phase flows in pipes whereas understanding of multiphase flow effects is lacking. This study aims to investigate the planar free-vibration characteristics of a long flexible catenary riser carrying the steady-state, multiphase slug oil-gas flows in order to understand how the inclination-dependent internal slug flows affect riser natural frequencies and modal shapes. The influence of slug characteristics such as phase velocities on the riser vibration is also studied. The catenary riser planar motions are mathematically described by a two-dimensional continuum model capturing coupled horizontal and vertical responses. Based on the selected two-phase flow rates at the wellhead, riser geometric configurations and specified slug unit lengths, a steady-state slug flow model is considered by taking into account several empirical closure correlations and riser mechanical properties, solving for the multiphase flow aspects including pressure, velocities, liquid holdup and gas fraction.
By assigning an undamped free-vibration shape of an empty catenary riser as initial displacement conditions, the space-time numerical simulations are performed using a finite difference approach. Comparisons of oscillation frequencies, time histories, phase planes, time-space varying responses and dynamic stresses of catenary risers with and without slug flows are presented, identifying the dynamic modifications arising from the internal slug-induced mass momentum change and pressure loss. To understand the influence of slug flow properties, parametric studies are carried out with different gas velocities. Numerical results highlight the reduced riser tensions, decreased oscillation frequencies, multiple oscillation modes, amplified amplitudes and stresses. These key observations will be useful for the forced vibration analysis of catenary risers subject to combined internal (multiphase) and external (vortex-shedding) flow excitations.