bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new risk and issue management system to improve productivity, quality, and compliance in clinical trials
Authors: Ciervo Joseph , Shen Shih Chuan , Stallcup Kristin , Thomas Abraham , Farnum Michael A , Lobanov Victor S , Agrafiotis Dimitris K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
We present a new system to track, manage, and report on all risks and issues encountered during a clinical trial.

Materials and Methods
Our solution utilizes JIRA, a popular issue and project tracking tool for software development, augmented by third-party and custom-built plugins to provide the additional functionality missing from the core product.

Results
The new system integrates all issue types under a single tracking tool and offers a range of capabilities, including configurable issue management workflows, seamless integration with other clinical systems, extensive history, reporting, and trending, and an intuitive web interface.

Discussion and Conclusion
By preserving the linkage between risks, issues, actions, decisions, and outcomes, the system allows study teams to assess the impact and effectiveness of their risk management strategies and present a coherent account of how the trial was conducted. Since the tool was put in production, we have observed an increase in the number of reported issues and a decrease in the median issue resolution time which, along with the positive user feedback, point to marked improvements in quality, transparency, productivity, and teamwork.
Influence of Deforestation on the Community Structure of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Eastern Amazonia
Authors: Rebêlo José Manuel Macário , Moraes Jorge Luiz Pinto , Cruz Gustavo Barbosa Vieira , Andrade-Silva Joudellys , Bandeira Maria Da Conceição Abreu , Oliveira Pereira Yrla Nívea , Santos Ciro Líbio Caldas Dos 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Variation in the structure of phlebotomine (sand fly) communities in forest fragments with different degrees of preservation and human occupation (peridomicile) in eastern Amazonia was studied. We identified 43 species of sand flies in our study, of which 38 occurred in both preserved forest areas and in the peridomiciles of short-term settlements, while another 28 species occurred in altered forest fragments and long-term settlements. The composition of the community at each site changed with the type of environment (forest or peridomicile), with the species Lutzomyia evandroi, L. whitmani, L. choti, L. serrana, L. triacantha, L. migonei, L. hirsuta, L. shannoni, and L. brachyphylla accounting for more than 54% of the differences among environments. The quality of the environment exerted a significant influence on the structure of phlebotomine communities, and affected their species composition, richness, and abundance.
A temporal epistemic logic with a non-rigid set of agents for analyzing the blockchain protocol
Authors: MarinkoviĆ Bojan , Glavan Paola , OgnjanoviĆ Zoran , Studer Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper we provide a strongly complete axiomatization of a temporal epistemic logic in which non-rigid sets of agents are allowed. Using this framework, we prove a number of properties of the blockchain protocol with respect to the given set of axioms and premises.
Asteroseismic constraints on active latitudes of solar-type stars: HD 173701 has active bands at higher latitudes than the Sun
Authors: Thomas Alexandra E L , Chaplin William J , Davies Guy R , Howe Rachel , Santos Ângela R G , Elsworth Yvonne , Miglio Andrea , Campante Tiago , Cunha Margarida S 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a new method for determining the location of active bands of latitude on solar-type stars, which uses stellar-cycle-induced frequency shifts of detectable solar-like oscillations. When near-surface activity is distributed in a non-homogeneous manner, oscillation modes of different angular degree and azimuthal order will have their frequencies shifted by different amounts. We use this simple concept, coupled to a model for the spatial distribution of the near-surface activity, to develop two methods that use the frequency shifts to infer minimum and maximum latitudes for the active bands. Our methods respond to the range in latitude over which there is significant magnetic flux present, over and above weak basal ephemeral flux levels. We verify that we are able to draw accurate inferences in the solar case, using Sun-as-a-star helioseismic data and artificial data. We then apply our methods to Kepler data on the solar analogue HD 173701, and find that its active bands straddle a much wider range in latitude than do the bands on the Sun.
S-band Polarization All-Sky Survey (S-PASS): survey description and maps
Authors: Carretti E , Haverkorn M , Staveley-Smith L , Bernardi G , Gaensler B M , Kesteven M J , Poppi S , Brown S , Crocker R M , Purcell C , Schnitzler D H F M , Sun X 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present the S-Band Polarization All Sky Survey (S-PASS), a survey of polarized radio emission over the southern sky at Dec. &lt;−1° taken with the Parkes radio telescope at 2.3 GHz. The main aim was to observe at a frequency high enough to avoid strong depolarization at intermediate Galactic latitudes (still present at 1.4 GHz) to study Galactic magnetism, but low enough to retain ample signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at high latitudes for extragalactic and cosmological science. We developed a new scanning strategy based on long azimuth scans and a corresponding map-making procedure to make recovery of the overall mean signal of Stokes Q and U possible, a long-standing problem with polarization observations. We describe the scanning strategy, map-making procedure and validation tests. The overall mean signal is recovered with a precision better than 0.5 per cent. The maps have a mean sensitivity of 0.81 mK on beam-size scales and show clear polarized signals, typically to within a few degrees of the Galactic plane, with ample S/N everywhere (the typical signal in low-emission regions is 13 mK and 98.6 per cent of pixels have S/N &gt; 3). The largest depolarization areas are in the inner Galaxy, associated with the Sagittarius Arm. We have also computed a rotation measure map combining S-PASS with archival data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and Planck experiments. A Stokes I map has been generated, with sensitivity limited to the confusion level of 9 mK.
Nietzsche as a Critic of Genealogical Debunking: Making Room for Naturalism without Subversion
Authors: Queloz Matthieu , Cueni Damian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that Nietzsche is a critic of just the kind of genealogical debunking he is popularly associated with. We begin by showing that interpretations of Nietzsche which see him as engaging in genealogical debunking turn him into an advocate of nihilism, for on his own premises, any truthful genealogical inquiry into our values is going to uncover what most of his contemporaries deem objectionable origins and thus license global genealogical debunking. To escape nihilism and make room for naturalism without indiscriminate subversion, we then argue, Nietzsche targets the way of thinking about values that permits genealogical debunking: far from trying to subvert values simply by uncovering their origins, Nietzsche is actively criticizing genealogical debunking thus understood. Finally, we draw out the consequences of our reading for Nietzsche’s positive vision.
Review of the scientific evidence used for establishing US policies on added sugars
Authors: Trumbo Paula R 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee has set recommendations to limit added sugars. This action was based on the association between dietary pattern quality scores and chronic disease risk, the results of meta-analyses conducted for the World Health Organization, and data from modeling of dietary patterns for establishing the US Department of Agriculture’s Healthy US-Style Eating Patterns. Recommendations provided by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans were used by the US Food and Drug Administration to establish, for the first time, the mandatory declaration of added sugars and a Daily Value of added sugars for the Nutrition Facts label. This review provides an overview of the scientific evidence considered by the World Health Organization, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and the US Food and Drug Administration for setting recent polices and regulations on added sugars and highlights important issues and inconsistencies in the evaluations and interpretations of the evidence.
Inequality, survival to adulthood, and the growth drag of pollution
Authors: Schaefer Andreas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe theoretically investigate the interrelationship between economic inequality and the exposure to pollutants during the course of economic development. Environmental pollution adversely affects children’s probability of surviving to adulthood, thereby reducing parental expenditures on children’s quality and increasing the number of births necessary to achieve a desired family size. Children’s exposure to environmental pollution is determined by economic inequality because wealthier households live in cleaner areas, which then shapes variations in the level of human capital per child. This is the key mechanism through which environmental conditions impose a growth drag on the economy. Our theory proposes explanations for: (i) the hump-shaped evolution of child mortality ratios between cleaner and more polluted areas during the course of economic development, and (ii) the observed positive correlation between inequality and the concentration of pollutants at the local level.
Active Muscle Trigger Points Are Associated with Pain and Related Disability in Patients with Plantar Heel Pain: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Ortega-Santiago Ricardo , Ríos-León Marta , Martín-Casas Patricia , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Pain experienced by patients with plantar heel pain has been associated with fascia thickness. It is possible that referred muscle pain may also be related to symptoms experienced by these patients. Our aim was to systematically investigate if the referred pain elicited by trigger points in the leg and foot musculature reproduces the symptoms in individuals with plantar heel pain and to determine the association of trigger points (TrPs) with pain and related disability.

Methods
A case–control study was conducted. Thirty-five individuals with unilateral chronic plantar heel pain and 35 matched comparable healthy controls participated. An assessor blinded to the subject’s condition explored TrPs in the flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, quadratus plantae, and internal gastrocnemius. Pain and related disability were assessed with a numerical pain rating scale (0–10), the Foot Function Index, and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire.

Results
The number of TrPs for each patient with plantar heel pain was 4 ± 3 (2.5 ± 2 active TrPs, 1.5 ± 1.8 latent TrPs). Healthy controls only had latent TrPs (mean = 1 ± 1). Active TrPs in the quadratus plantae (N = 20, 62.5%), and flexor hallucis brevis (N = 19, 59%) were the most prevalent in patients with plantar heel pain. A greater number of active, but not latent, TrPs was associated with higher foot pain variables (0.413 &lt; rs &lt; 0.561, P &lt; 0.01), higher impact of foot pain (0.350 &lt; rs &lt; 0.473, P &lt; 0.05) and worse related disability (–0.447 &lt; rs &lt; –0.35456, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The referred pain elicited by active TrPs in the foot muscles reproduced the symptoms in patients with plantar heel pain. A greater number of active TrPs was associated with higher pain and related disability in patients with plantar heel pain.
Lessons from a publicly funded tier 2 healthy weight programme in Cornwall, UK
Authors: Williams A J , Barter T , Sharpe R A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The UK has one of the highest prevalence rates of obesity worldwide. Public health departments have a duty to provide some obesity treatment and prevention services. With evidence of effective programmes lacking, we investigate lessons learned from a healthy weight programme in Cornwall, UK.

Methods
Data from the 12-week multi-component adult healthy weight management programme were obtained for 2012–2016. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests were used to describe participants’ demographics, health status and anthropometric measures to explore the enrolment and retention of the programme as well as the impact.

Results
A total of 1872 adults were referred into the programme. Overall, 646 completed the programme and, 48.8% achieved the programme’s aim of a >3% reduction in weight. Those who completed and met the programme aim tended to have had healthier outcomes at baseline.

Conclusions
For those who engage with the programme the impact can be meaningful. However, <1% of the population of Cornwall with overweight or obesity enroled in the programme, and those who benefitted most might have been in least need. Providing services that meet the needs of the population is challenging when a variety of services is needed, and the evidence base is poor.
Assessing the prevalence of alcohol consumption in early pregnancy using blood biomarker analysis: a consistent pattern across north-east England?
Authors: Howlett Helen , Mackenzie Shonag , Gray William K , Rankin Judith , Nixon Leanne , Brown Nigel W 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
We previously investigated the prevalence of alcohol consumption in early pregnancy in Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, a locality of north-east England. The prevalence was 1.4% based on blood sample biomarker analysis using carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and 3.5% for gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).

Aims
To supplement this research by investigating the prevalence of alcohol use using identical methods in a different locality of the same region.

Methods
Six-hundred random blood samples taken at the antenatal booking appointment were anonymously analysed for the presence of CDT, a validated marker of chronic alcohol exposure (normalizing 2–3 weeks from abstinence) and GGT, a liver enzyme elevated for up to 8 weeks after alcohol exposure.

Results
The North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust data revealed a CDT prevalence rate of 1.7% (95% CI: 0.7–2.9) and GGT prevalence rate of 4.2% (95% CI: 2.6–5.9). However, these measures are not sensitive to low levels of alcohol; and no overlapping cases were identified or a significant correlation demonstrated between CDT or GGT.

Discussion
These data support our earlier work. Prevalence rates according to CDT and GGT analysis were similar in both areas, suggesting similar patterns of sustained alcohol use in pregnancy across the region.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in cocaine users
Authors: Ciriaco P , Rossetti F , Carretta A , Sant’Angelo M , Arrigoni G , Negri G 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Pneumothorax is one of the respiratory toxic effects of cocaine inhalation. The literature counts several cases, some associated to other respiratory conditions such as pneumomediastinum, haemoptysis and others not requiring surgical treatment.

Aim
We present a series of nonHIV cocaine-inhaler subjects who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for isolated spontaneous pneumothorax.

Design
Nine subjects, with a mean age of 24 ± 4 years, admitting cocaine inhalation, developed spontaneous pneumothorax and underwent 10 surgical treatments by means of VATS, at our Institution.

Results
Previous pneumothorax occurred in six cases episodes ranged from 0 to 5 (mean 1.6 ± 1.6). Chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed abnormalities in seven cases. All subjects underwent lung apicectomy, apical pleurectomy and mechanical pleurodesis. Seven subjects had also bullectomy. In all cases the visceral pleura was partially covered by fibrinous exudate. Histology of the lung showed small foreign body granulomatous inflammation in fibrotic and/or emphysematous pulmonary parenchyma. Relapse of pneumothorax occurred in one subject at 60 days and it was surgically treated. Mean follow-up was 150 ± 38 months (range 120–239). All subjects are now well, with no evidence of pneumothorax.

Conclusions
Spontaneous pneumothorax in cocaine-inhaler subjects is a reality of which physicians need to be aware. Chest CT scan might not reveal abnormalities. Macroscopically the lung might presents bullae and/or peculiar visceral pleura. Foreign body granulomas observed in the specimens suggest that the particulate component of inhaled substances can injure the lung. Surgical treatment of the bullous disease and mechanical pleurodesis can provide a long-term follow-up without relapse of pneumothorax.
Social entrepreneurship as field encroachment: how a neoliberal social movement constructed a new field
Authors: Spicer Jason , Kay Tamara , Ganz Marshall 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn explaining the emergence of new strategic action fields, in which social movements’ and organizations’ logic, rules and strategies are forged, inter-field dynamics remain under-explored. The case of Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship (SEE) shows how new fields can emerge through field encroachment, whereby shifts among overlapping fields create structural opportunities for the ascendency of new fields, which may adapt logics borrowed from adjacent fields to construct legitimacy. SEE leveraged the 1980s’ shift between first-order market and state fields to encroach on the political strategies of community organizing, birthing a neoliberal social movement to create a new field addressing social problems using market-based, profit-motivated approaches. With its borrowed veneer of justice, SEE rapidly developed a high academic and public profile over just three decades, despite little evidence its approach to solving social problems works. In encroaching on proven political strategies for solving social problems, it may further undermine democratic practices.
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Wound Care: A Potent, Noninvasive, Photoceutical Approach
Authors: Mosca Rodrigo Crespo , Ong Adrian A. , Albasha Omar , Bass Kathryn , Arany Praveen 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

GENERAL PURPOSE:
To provide background and examine evidence for the therapeutic application of light energy treatments for wound healing.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
After completing this continuing education activity, you should be better able to:
1. Explain the basics of lasers, light-emitting diodes, and light-tissue interactions as they apply to photobiomodulation therapy.
2. Summarize the results of the authors’ literature review of the evidence regarding the therapeutic applications of photobiomodulation treatments for wound healing.

OBJECTIVE:
To provide background and examine evidence for the therapeutic applications of light energy treatments for wound healing.

METHODS:
A search was performed in PubMed for peer-reviewed scientific articles published in the last 5 years using the search terms “photobiomodulation therapy” and “low-level laser therapy,” and these terms combined with “wound,” using a “human species” filter. This search yielded 218 articles on photobiomodulation therapy or low-level laser therapy and wounds. Of these, only articles on in vivo wound care using light treatments were specifically included in this review (n = 11).

RESULTS:
The wound healing effects of low-dose laser treatments were first described over 50 years ago. Various doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 J/cm2 and wavelengths ranging from 405 to 1,000 nm appear to provide therapeutic benefits for a broad range of chronic wounds. A range of light energy sources from LEDs to lasers have been used and have specific advantages and limitations. There is a lack of consensus on standardized treatment parameters such as wavelengths, dose, and therapeutic outcomes in the reviewed studies, preventing direct comparison and clinical protocol recommendation. An expert opinion based on ongoing research studies and reported literature is offered.

CONCLUSIONS:
Noninvasive, economical, and multipurpose light devices are an attractive tool for wound management. However, there is an urgent need in the wound care community to develop optimal clinical protocols for use based on well-designed, rigorous clinical research studies.
Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injuries and Associated Risk Factors in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wang Dan , Xu Hongzhen , Chen Shuohui , Lou Xiaofang , Tan Jiafei , Xu Ying 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the prevalence of medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSIs) and associated risk factors in a pediatric ICU (PICU).

METHODS:
A cross-sectional design was adopted in the PICU of a university-based children’s hospital in eastern China. A total of 232 patients were enrolled, and 611 person-days were analyzed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Researchers assessed all patients daily for 2 weeks. The use of adhesives and prevalence of MARSIs were recorded. The patients’ clinical data were also collected. The prevalence of MARSIs was calculated daily, and the risk factors were examined statistically.

MAIN RESULTS:
The MARSI prevalence ranged from 23.53% to 54.17% (mean, 37.15%). Multivariate analysis identified being female, age 2 years or younger, hospital stays longer than 5 days, infection, edema, and surgery as independent risk factors. Prevalence by product ranged from 19 to 53 per 1,000 product-days with a mean of 34 MARSIs per 1,000 product-days. The major MARSI types were epidermal stripping and skin tear. The face was the most common MARSI site, and tracheal intubation was the most common inciting condition. Implicated products were acrylate tapes with elastic cloth backings.

CONCLUSIONS:
Researchers concluded that MARSI is common in the PICU. Skin stripping and skin tear were the most common types, and the face was the most vulnerable site for MARSI, typically attributable to the cloth tape used to affix tracheal intubation. Careful attention should be paid to children with identified risk factors (females, age 2 years or younger, longer hospital stays, edema, infection, or surgery).
Preeclampsia and future stroke risk in women
Authors: Davis Melissa , Sanders Bethany 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy that affects approximately 4% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia is defined as new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks gestation often accompanied by new-onset proteinuria. Women who experience preeclampsia during pregnancy are at an increased risk for hypertension and stroke later in life. Healthcare providers should screen women appropriately to minimize risk.