bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning and Bayesian Inversion for Planning and Interpretation of Downhole Fluid Sampling
Authors: Orta Alemán Dante , Kristensen Morten , Chugunov Nikita 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Downhole fluid sampling is ubiquitous during exploration and appraisal because formation fluid properties have a strong impact on field development decisions. Efficient planning of sampling operations and interpretation of obtained data require a model-based approach. We present a framework for forward and inverse modeling of filtrate contamination cleanup during fluid sampling. The framework consists of a deep learning (DL) proxy forward model coupled with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach for the inverse model.
The DL forward model is trained using precomputed numerical simulations of immiscible filtrate cleanup over a wide range of in situ conditions. The forward model consists of a multilayer neural network with both recurrent and linear layers, where inputs are defined by a combination of reservoir and fluid properties. A model training and selection process is presented, including network depth and layer size impact assessment. The inverse framework consists of an MCMC algorithm that stochastically explores the solution space using the likelihood of the observed data computed as the mismatch between the observations and the model predictions.
The developed DL forward model achieved up to 50% increased accuracy compared with prior proxy models based on Gaussian process regression. Additionally, the new approach reduced the memory footprint by a factor of ten. The same model architecture and training process proved applicable to multiple sampling probe geometries without compromising performance. These attributes, combined with the speed of the model, enabled its use in real-time inversion applications. Furthermore, the DL forward model is amendable to incremental improvements if new training data becomes available.
Flowline measurements acquired during cleanup and sampling hold valuable information about formation and fluid properties that may be uncovered through an inversion process. Using measurements of water cut and pressure, the MCMC inverse model achieved 93% less calls to the forward model compared to conventional gradient-based optimization along with comparable quality of history matches. Moreover, by obtaining estimates of the full posterior parameter distributions, the presented model enables more robust uncertainty quantification.
Solvent Screening Study for a Post CHOPS Cyclic Solvent Injection Pilot
Authors: Anderson Mark , Badamchizadeh Amin , Kantzas Apostolos , Bryan Jon 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In preparation for a field pilot of cyclic solvent injection (CSI) on two depleted cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) wells, a series of oilsands coreflood experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various commercially available solvents and make a solvent recommendation for the pilot. Oil recovery and solvent recovery were the key performance indicators used to compare CSI effectiveness of each solvent blend. The operating pressure for each test was kept relatively constant for each solvent blend tested. Tested solvents included blends of methane/propane, carbon dioxide/propane, methane/ethane, 100% ethane, and nitrogen. Sensitivities for depletion rate and blowdown pressure are also presented. Overall the 100% ethane test performed the best with the highest oil recovery and solvent recovery in the fewest cycles. Due to the lack of commercial ethane supply and the industry experience with methane/propane in Husky Edam’s CSI pilot, a methane/propane blend was recommended for the field pilot in Manatokan East near Bonnyville Alberta Canada.
Numerical Study of Injection-Induced Seismicity Using A FEM-BEM Coupling Approach
Authors: Aoki Masato , Kimura Kentaro , Iijima Yoichiro , Furui Kenji 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Induced seismicity caused by underground fluid injection occurs because of pore pressure changes that lead to stress changes in the reservoir and the surrounding formations. Despite that noticeable seismic events from fluid injection is very rare, proper assessment of possible seismic events is important. The objective of this study is to develop numerical models that simulate stress changes, fault slips, and ground floor movements induced by underground fluids injection.
The numerical analysis process presented in this work consists of three steps. First, stress changes around the reservoir due to fluid injection are analyzed using a FEM-BEM (Finite Element Method - Boundary Element Method) coupled model. Secondly, the stability of faults located near the reservoir is evaluated using the displacement discontinuity method. Thirdly, elastic waves caused by the fault slip is simulated using a FEM model where seismic response on the surface are calculated. A field case study is also presented to demonstrate the applicability of the numerical model developed in this work.
The numerical analysis results indicate that stress concentration occurs around a boundary between the basement and sandstone beneath the reservoir. This affects the stability of existing faults in this region. As a result, when the fault is slipped, seismicity may be triggered. It is assumed that the slip is caused by stress changes in the faulted region as well as a pore pressure change in the fault, which is caused by volumetric strain changes of the fluid in the fault. A field case study based on wastewater injection in the Southwestern region of the United States where injection induced seismicity events have been recently reported, is also performed in this work. In this case study, the variation of rock strength is considered one of important factors in induced seismicity events.
The novelty of our model is the ability to quantitatively assess the risk of induced seismicity due to wastewater injection, which can be also applied to other applications such as CCS and underground gas storages. Moreover, conducting risk assessment by these numerical models can improve safety of underground fluid injection operations.
Study of Degradable Fibers With and Without Guar Gum As A Proppant Transport Agent Using A Large Scale Slot Equipment
Authors: Kim Jung Yong , Zhou Lijun , Morita Nobuo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing with slickwater is a common practice in developing unconventional resources in North America. The proppant placement in the fractures largely determines the productivity of the well as it affects the conductivity of fractures. Despite the wide use of the slickwater fracturing and the importance of the proppant placement, the proppant transport is still not fully understood and the efficiency of the proppant placement is mostly bound to the changes to proppant properties, friction reducers, and guar technology. Although the degradable fiber is currently used in some cases, it has not been well investigated. In this experimental study, we conducted proppant transport experiment using different fluid composition of fiber and guar gum in three types of proppant transport slot equipment. The results indicate that the use of degradable fibers with or without the guar gum as viscosifier can produce fracture slurry applicable in both conventional and unconventional fracturing helping proppant placement in the reservoir.
Single Trip Tubing Conveyed Perforations Across Multi-Lobed Differentially Depleted Reservoir Complexes in a Highly Deviated Well - Challenges, Lessons Learned and Best Practices
Authors: Agbo Ejimofor , Anyanwu Chinedu , Olowoyeye Oluwasola , Ini Titus , Enah Victor 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper demonstrates how 280ft of oil column spread unevenly across multiple and differentially depleted reservoir units separated by shale layers of varying thicknesses in a highly deviated (62 deg.) well was perforated in a one trip system and how the project cost was minimized by achieving multiple perforations in a single trip whilst retaining capacity to effectively cure losses and mitigating post-perforation well control risks. Against the conventional perforation methodology where reservoir units are perforated individually, isolated before carrying out the next perforation in the subsequent reservoir. The one trip system was designed and deployed in one run targeting all the 6 separate carefully selected sand lobes in one run ensuring good standoff from the contact and zonal isolation behind casing. Successful execution was confirmed with all the expected physical outcomes which includes pipe vibration, brine loss as well as inspection of the spent guns. A post perforation noise and production logging also confirmed flow across all planned perforation intervals. Perforation of a highly deviated well in differentially depleted multi-lobed reservoirs present significant operational risks. This paper illustrates how one can safely collapse multiple conventional perforation runs into a single trip with its attendant benefits on cost efficiency, crossflow and well control. This is the first of its kind in the Niger Delta.
Creating 3D Geomodel: How to Increase the Quality through Training and Education?
Authors: Faizov Rustam Zulfakarovich , Maksimova Elizaveta Nikitichna , Kolesnikov Denis Sergeevich 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The 3D geological model is an important tool, which is used for decision-making process at each step of reservoir lifecycle. In turn the quality of the model as well as field operating efficiency is directly dependent on the geologist's expertise level and requires continuous improvement of professional skills. In the digital technology era the software functions continuously enhance leading to increased number of trainings in order to implement new algorithms in the working process. The aim of the paper is to share the best practices of geological and petrophysical modelling on-job trainings applied in Scientific Technology Centre.
There are several web-resources used in the company in order to store operational regulations, corporate educational trainings, original workflows, created plug-ins etc. By dint of special module in the working software the above mentioned data sources were implemented into the integrated knowledge platform. Now new software functions can be explored on-the-job and without any charges for external trainings. The module affords the development of interactive training cases for new functions study. The results of case accomplishment can be saved and available for competency assesment. Another key aspect of the module is the automatization of model quality control provided by application of guided workflows. Additionally, the solutions for some cases can be found during the crossfunctional co-operation among geologists, petrophysicists and petroleum engineers in online question platform, which is the part of the professional groups.
The unique integrated approach for increasing the quality of geological models through training and education, which is developed and successfully implemented in Scientific Technology Centre, will be beneficial not only for other companies, which plan to create and apply the equivalent employee training system, but also for oil and gas industry in general.
Transforming Traditional Chinese-Taught Petroleum Engineering Courses into English-Taught Petroleum Engineering Courses to Meet ABET Standards
Authors: Qin Wenting , Yuan Ying , Wang Fei , Zhu Zhouyuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It has been a long tradition, in China, the undergraduate and graduate petroleum engineering courses are taught in Chinese. As the globalization playing an important role in our lives, it has become more and more obvious, in many people's point of view, the education quality provided through those Chinese petroleum universities should also be matched with the international standards, such as ABET criteria.
At 2014, the China University of Petroleum Beijing launched a program called the ABET accreditation preparation program. The primary goal of this program is to prepare the ABET accreditation through the transforming of the traditional Chinese-taught Petroleum Engineering courses into English-taught Petroleum Engineering courses to meet ABET standards. At phase 1 of this program, 2014-2015, only two courses (Reservoir Engineering course and Petrophysics course) were chosen to experiment the new concept. Upon the completion of phase 1, the two courses ranked top 5% among all the courses offered by the Petroleum Engineering Department in terms of its popularity among students. Based on the success of phase 1, at phase 2 (2016-now), additional 4 courses were added into this program. Those 4 courses are: Well Completion Design, Flow in Porous Media, Production Engineering, and Reservoir Simulation.
This paper provides the lesson learned through the 5 years’ experience of setting up the new norm by fundamentally changing the ways of teaching in an environment where native language is not English. The specific details of "Know-how" through the execution of phase1 and phase 2 are presented, analyzed and discussed. The paper addressed the obstacles encountered within the program, the new teaching methods conducted in those classrooms and student's response to those brand-new English taught Petroleum Engineering courses.
The experience obtained through the ABET preparation program at China University of Petroleum Beijing may provide some guidance for those who to pursuit the same goal of seeking international recognition and establishing an international learning environment for their Petroleum Engineering courses.
Incorporated Artificial Intelligence and Digital Imaging System for Unconventional Reservoirs Characterization
Authors: Sun Huafeng , Belhaj Hadi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The unconventional reservoirs (UCRs) play a key role in global oil and gas supply. However, their reservoir characterization is difficult because of complex pore structure and low permeability-viscosity ratio. Usually, traditional techniques hardly can be used for determination of pore structure and estimation of reservoir properties. In this case, digital rock analysis (DRA) shows the potential for capturing detailed pore structure information and simulating rock properties, such as porosity, permeability, electrical properties and elastic properties. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have presented an ever-increasing trend in a wide variety of research and commercial fields. Many AI applications can free man from the labor of complicated works in some way. Machine leaning (ML), which is a subdivision of AI, has attracted researchers' attention and been widely used in geoscience and reservoir characterization, such as feature extracting, rock type prediction and reservoir property estimation. The incorporation of AI and DRA is becoming an inevitable development trend for future reservoir study. In this paper, firstly, DRA workflow for reservoir characterization is introduced; secondly, the commonly used ML algorithms in DRA study is reviewed; finally, a case study of characterization of a tight carbonate reservoir with ML algorithm and DRA is presented. The analysis shows that ML can be applied in any part of DRA progress such as image segmentation, feature detection, rock image classification, numerical simulation and result analysis. Compared with traditional DRA algorithm, ML-based methods can reduce manual operation that has greatly impact on the results. The combination of ML and DRA provides a new insight in UCRs characterization and outlook the future opportunities of AI to solve the oilfield problems.
Automated Influx and Loss Detection System Based on Advanced Mud Flow Modeling
Authors: Lafond Aurore , Leblay Florian , Roguin Ghislain , Ringer Maurice 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Maintaining well control is one of the most important considerations of any drilling operation, and early detection of formation fluid influx or mud losses is vital to safe drilling.
Today's gain and loss detection tends to trigger too many false alarms; major improvements in reliability (few to no false alarms) and reactivity (no missed events) are needed without being user dependent. The new developed system optimizes both accuracy and efficiency. This system maintains a false alarm rate lower than current system, while detecting influxes or losses as low as 40 gal. It applies also to a wide variety of configuration: deepwater, managed pressure drilling, land rig operations, etc. This performance is achieved through a new flow-modeling processes combined with automated settings, real-time quality control and guided, intuitive software interfaces. From a purely user-dependent system, the new kick detection software is now based on automated processes, ensuring repeatable and optimal detection performances while minimizing risks of human error. The detection of abnormal flow conditions in the well relies on the comparison of predicted and measured flow at the exit of the well. The improvements of the flow modeling, such as new, calibrated pump-efficiency models based on the isothermal modeling of the pumps, increase the robustness and the reactivity of the detection system. The presented case studies allow quantifying improvements of the kick detection performance between the existing system and the new version, benchmarking both the influx-detection reactivity and the system reliability. Kick detection charts used in the study represent a new way of illustrating detection performances.
The Blooming of Women's Leadership in Oil and Gas in the GCC, Middle East, and Key Enablers for their Growth
Authors: Capello Maria Angela , Borisly Nada 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
One of the goals cherished by modern organizations is gender balance, as a proven way to enhance productivity, boost the motivation of employees and enrich the leadership pipelines of internal succession plans. The energy sector follows closely this trend, inclusive of major organizations of operations and services, especially in Oil and Gas. And in no other region of the world this is now more visible than in the Middle East, one of the most active and traditionally leading and strategic regions in the segment. This paper summarizes what factors were fundamental for the very visible blooming of the female leadership, particularly in the oil and gas sectorin the Gulf Cooperation Council GCC countries. Certainly, middle-eastern women do not account yet for a large or representative number inthe highest roles of private or National Oil Companiesof their countries, but things are rapidly changing, and the blooming is real.
A comparison of key elements considered diagnostic about the empowerment of women, like female workforce percentages, gender gap indexes, and representation of women in leadership roles in oil and gas are herein analyzed for the GCC, comparing those with figures of other regions of the World. Other indicators were included in the analysis, which proved to be key for developing women's leadership, in particular, communication strategies, empowering plans, training, active and visible endorsement of top leaders and other strategies of governmental agencies and corporations. Definitively, the Middle East, and particularly the GCC countries, in which our study is centered, have boldly address cultural issues and traditional barriers, to produce step-changes that are quickly transforming the oil and organizations in all countries of the region. A forecast of opportunities for women's leadership in the upstream and downstream sectors of the oil industry in the future is proposed, in a story of learned best practices worth sharing.
The paper includes a summary of the standing and utilization of social media channels by main organizations in oil and gas. A frame of the current trends analyzed resulted in the identification of the organizations more successful in the utilization of these key channels, so relevant for the general audiences and the new generations. Some unexpected findingsshaped our conclusions about strategies instrumental for step-changes needed in political or cultural settings that may be challenging for boosting women's empowerment.
Common Globalization Strategies for SMBs Looking to Expand in Asia Pacific
Authors: Appleton Joel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Is your energy business ready to go global?
In today's market there are few companies that are able to strictly focus on domestic opportunities. Increased competition in saturated home markets offer stagnant returns and in order to achieve growth, a company must either innovate, explore opportunities in foreign markets or both. By internationalizing, a company can capture new market share and may achieve continuous business growth. To accomplish this however, a thorough examination of the barriers and key considerations is vital for companies who are considering taking their business to the international stage.
To begin, a company should find a market for their goods and services and then plan, test and evaluate their internationalization strategy. By reviewing different models, theories and tools meant to assist a company when entering into the global economy, these findings and concepts are then applied to a case study of an oil and gas mid-sized service company which internationalized into the South East Asian market.
The intent of the paper is to identify key external considerations that a small to mid-sized oilfield service company should be cognizant of prior to entering into a host market. For many businesses, the rewards far outweigh the risks when a company decides to internationalize. Ensuring they have a proper strategy will set the company up for success. Key global expansion considerations were validated during the initial phases of the internationalization process and after creating a roadmap for the case study oilfield service company as it expanded into South East Asia. Further, several recommendations were put forth. These included host regulatory environment risks, political stability and culture. The goal of this paper outlines how companies can follow their own path, rather than following a herd mentality to go global successfully.