bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grizzly bear depredation on grazing allotments in the Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Wells Smith L. , McNew Lance B. , Tyers Daniel B. , Van Manen Frank T. , Thompson Daniel J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTGrizzly bear (Ursus arctos) conflicts with humans, including livestock depredation on public land grazing allotments, have increased during the last several decades within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) in the western United States as the grizzly bear population has grown in number and occupied range. Minimizing conflicts and improving conservation efficacy requires information on the relationships between livestock depredations, allotment management, grizzly bear habitat conditions, and their interactions. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate spatio‐temporal relationships between grizzly bear depredation of livestock and the characteristics of 316 United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service and National Park Service grazing allotments in the GYE during 1992–2014. We evaluated relationships at 2 spatial extents, representing daily and annual grizzly bear activity areas. During the study period, more grazing allotments became occupied by grizzly bears and most livestock depredations were associated with these areas of population expansion. Number of livestock (β = 1.15 ± 0.19 [SE]) and grizzly bear density index (β = 1.13 ± 0.10) had the greatest effects on the number of livestock depredation events relative to other allotment attributes. Estimated number of depredation events increased by approximately 20% when cow‐calf pairs increased by 100 pairs and grizzly bear density index increased by 1 bear/196 km2 (the average annual home‐range size of a female grizzly bear in the GYE). Additionally, grazing allotment size was positively related to the number of depredation events (β = 0.56 ± 0.16), whereas the presence of bull cattle or horses was associated with an approximately 50% reduction in depredations (β = −0.71 ± 0.37). Livestock depredation events were greater for allotments with lower road density (β = −0.89 ± 0.28), less rugged terrain (β = −0.57 ± 0.25), higher vegetative primary productivity (β = 0.33 ± 0.16), and more whitebark pine coverage (β = 0.30 ± 0.15). Relationships between depredations and grizzly bear habitat conditions varied across spatial extents. As the grizzly bear population continues to expand, natural resource managers and livestock producers could focus efforts on allotments with a higher density of grizzly bears, fewer roads, and quality grizzly bear habitat, including higher vegetative productivity, when developing cooperative management plans and preventative measures to reduce the likelihood of depredation. The perspectives gained from our analysis provide context for long‐term, landscape‐level planning to accommodate livestock production on public lands while meeting conservation goals for grizzly bears. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Opioid prescription and postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients
Authors: Whelan Rachel L. , McCoy Jennifer , Mirson Leonid , Chi David H. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine if the amount of opioid prescribed and postoperative outcomes after adenotonsillectomy changed following implementation of mandated opioid consent forms.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients undergoing adenotonsillectomy 6 months before and after implementation of mandated opioid consent forms at a tertiary‐care pediatric hospital were studied. Demographics, operative data, weight‐based opioid dosage, and postoperative outcome measures, including nursing calls, emergency department (ED) visits, hospital readmission, and bleed rates, were collected and analyzed.ResultsOf 300 patients, opioid prescription was provided for 211 patients (70.3%), 112 preconsent (74.7%) and 99 postconsent (66.0%). Mean (standard deviation) total opioid prescribed (milligrams/kilogram) was significantly higher preconsent 4.8 (5.6) than postconsent 3.2 (4.7), (P = .003). There were no differences between number of nursing calls (P = .134) or ED visits (P = .083). Interestingly, preconsent patients had more hospital readmission for pain/dehydration (odds ratio OR: 368, P = .016) and bleeding concerns (OR: 244, P = .003).ConclusionsA mandated consent form prior to opioid prescription was associated with decreased overall opioid prescription without resultant increase in postoperative complications in pediatric patients. These data provide support for minimizing opioid prescription on a systems‐based level.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1477–1481, 2019
Perioperative Analgesia for Patients Undergoing Septoplasty and Rhinoplasty: An Evidence‐Based Review
Authors: Nguyen Brandon K. , Yuhan Brian T. , Folbe Elana , Eloy Jean Anderson , Zuliani Giancarlo F. , Hsueh Wayne D. , Paskhover Boris , Folbe Adam J. , Svider Peter F. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisOpioid misuse and diversion is a pressing topic in today's healthcare environment. The objective of this study was to conduct a review of non‐opioid perioperative analgesic regimens following septoplasty, rhinoplasty, and septorhinoplasty.Study DesignEvidence‐based systematic review.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were reviewed for articles related to perioperative analgesic use in septoplasty, rhinoplasty, and septorhinoplasty. Quality of studies were assessed via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria, Jadad scores, and the Cochrane bias tool. Patient demographic data and clinical outcomes, including medication type, dose, administration time, pain scores, and adverse events, were obtained from included studies. Summary tables detailing the benefits and harms of each investigated regimen are included.ResultsThirty‐seven studies met inclusion criteria for this evidence‐based review. The quality of the studies was determined to be of moderate quality based off of GRADE standardized criteria with a mean Jadad score of 3.1. A preponderance of evidence showed reduced perioperative pain scores and rescue analgesic requirements, supporting the use of local anesthetics for analgesic control. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) demonstrated similar decreased visual analog scores and postoperative analgesic demand; however, increased adverse events in this class warrant caution.ConclusionsContemporary literature supports the use of NSAIDs, gabapentin, local anesthetics, and α‐agonists as effective perioperative analgesic opioid alternatives for septoplasty and septorhinoplasty. Local anesthetic use is a cost‐effective option resulting in decreased postoperative pain scores and rescue analgesic requirements. Further large‐scale, multi‐institutional, controlled studies are needed to provide definitive recommendations.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:E200–E212, 2019
Analysis of neuromonitoring signal loss during retroauricular versus conventional thyroidectomy
Authors: Ban Myung Jin , Chang Eun Hae Estelle , Lee Dong Yun , Park Jae Hong , Lee Chan , Kim Da Hee , Kim Joo Hyun , Koh Yoon Woo 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveLoss of signal (LOS) during intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy via a retroauricular approach (RAT) and during conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) was investigated to compare the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury between the two groups.Study DesignOriginal article.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series study performed between May 2014 and September 2016. IONM using the NIM 3.0 system (Medtronic Xomed, Inc., Jacksonville, FL) was used for this study. Pre‐ and postoperative vocal cord functions were assessed using a flexible laryngoscope. LOS types noted intraoperatively and their associations with postoperative vocal cord palsy (VCP) were evaluated. LOS rate and temporary and permanent VCP rates were compared between the two groups. The surgical events associated with LOS were also documented and analyzed in this study.ResultsIn total, 153 patients were recruited, and 111 patients were enrolled in the RAT group; the remaining 42 patients were enrolled in the COT group. No statistically significant differences in intraoperative LOS (P = 0.812) and postoperative VCP rates (early, permanent; P = 0.259 and P = 0.577, respectively) between the two groups were observed. IONM accuracy of predicting postoperative VCP was 99.1% in our case series.ConclusionOn the basis of IONM findings, the risks of injury to RLN were similar between the two groups. Comparison of LOS was an objective method for verifying the novel RAT approach. We applied our IONM protocol and troubleshooting algorithm during RAT with acceptable accuracy, but the international standardized method of IONM is applicable and recommended for reducing false results using vagal nerve stimulation.Level of Evidence3bLaryngoscope, 129:2199–2204, 2019
Land management and sustainable use of land resources in the case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Bazame Rodrigue , Tanrıvermis Harun , Kapusuz Yunus Emre 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to analyse the land use and land management system in Burkina Faso. First, land use change and its drivers over the period 1983–2014 have been assessed using a multiple linear regression analysis. Additionally, based on documentary analysis and interviews, land use policy implementation and institutional issues have been assessed. Agricultural land increased by 35.42% during the period examined, and econometric estimation shows that change in agricultural land is mostly driven by social factors such as population density, economic factors such as value added in the three main sectors, and spatial factors such as other types of land. In terms of land policy, the first Agrarian and Land Reform Act in 1984 initiated a successive land management policy in the country's agenda. Even if policy adoption is relatively sufficient in the country, public institutions' capacity to implement a successful sustainable land management model regarding land access, land development, land resources protection, land market, and investments in infrastructure remains very limited. Therefore, the main conclusion of this paper is that beyond socioeconomic and biophysical factors as driven by land use change, political, and institutional failure may amplify their effects.
Determination of microbiological characteristics in the digestive tract of different ruminant species
Authors: Zhang Tian , Mu Yingyu , Zhang Deqing , Lin Xueyan , Wang Zhonghua , Hou Qiuling , Wang Yun , Hu Zhiyong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHolstein dairy cows, Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle, Chinese Laoshan dairy goats, and Chinese Bohai Black cattle were selected for the study. The 16S rDNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the microflora in the digestive tract. The rumen flora in high milk‐yield Holstein dairy cows showed significantly higher proportions of Treponema, Butyrivibrio, Coprococcus, Shuttleworthia, Lachnospira, and Selenomonas, compared with the rumen flora in Chinese Bohai Black cattle and Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle (p < 0.05). In addition, the abundances of Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcus, and Fibrobacter in the rumen fluid of high‐yield dairy cows were significantly higher than those in rumen flora of dairy goats. Compared with ruminal flora in Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle, the rumen flora in high‐yield dairy cattle showed significantly higher Prevotella. Compared with the rumen flora in Chinese Laoshan dairy goats, Chinese Bohai Black cattle, and Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle, the flora in high‐yielding dairy cows showed significantly lower proportions of CF231, 02d06, Oscillospira, RFN20, Desulfovibrio, Methanobrevibacter, and SHD‐231. In addition, compared with the rumen flora in dairy goats, the rumen flora in high‐yielding dairy cattle displayed significantly lower proportion of Enterococcus. Compared with the rumen flora in Chinese Bohai Black cattle, the flora in high‐yielding dairy cattle exhibited significantly lower Ruminococcus, YRC22, Pseudobutyrivibrio, L7A_E11, BF311, p‐75‐a5, and Dehalobacterium. Compared with the rumen flora in Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle, the flora in the high‐yield dairy cows also displayed significantly lower proportions of Ruminococcus, YRC22, BF311, Paludibacter, and Dehalobacterium.
NADPH‐related processes studied with a SoxR‐based biosensor in Escherichia coli
Authors: Spielmann Alina , Baumgart Meike , Bott Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNADPH plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism for biosynthesis and oxidative stress responses. We previously developed the genetically encoded NADPH biosensor pSenSox based on the transcriptional regulator SoxR of Escherichia coli, its target promoter PsoxS and eYFP as fluorescent reporter. Here, we used pSenSox to study the influence of various parameters on the sensor output in E. coliduring reductive biotransformation of methyl acetoacetate (MAA) to (R)‐methyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate (MHB) by the strictly NADPH‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase of Lactobacillus brevis (LbAdh). Redox‐cycling drugs such as paraquat and menadione strongly activated the NADPH biosensor and mechanisms responsible for this effect are discussed. Absence of the RsxABCDGE complex and/or RseC caused an enhanced biosensor response, supporting a function as SoxR‐reducing system. Absence of the membrane‐bound transhydrogenase PntAB caused an increased biosensor response, whereas the lack of the soluble transhydrogenase SthA or of SthA and PntAB was associated with a strongly decreased response. These data support the opposing functions of PntAB in NADP+ reduction and of SthA in NADPH oxidation. In summary, the NADPH biosensor pSenSox proved to be a useful tool to study NADPH‐related processes in E. coli.
Design of a circular dual‐loop antenna for a GPS array element using an extended cavity structure
Authors: Hur Jun , Byun Gangil , Kim JongSung , Kim Misuk , Ko Jinwon , Choo Hosung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article proposes a circular dual‐loop antenna for a very small Global Positioning System array with an extended cavity structure. The antenna element consists of lower and upper circular loops printed on a high‐dielectric ceramic substrate and an extended cavity structure above the ground plane to improve the isolation characteristic. To demonstrate the suitability of the proposed antenna, antenna characteristics are measured in a full‐anechoic chamber, and its performances such as bore‐sight gain, mutual coupling, and near‐field as a function of extended cavity height are analyzed. The results confirm that the proposed antenna structure can minimize the gain degradation by improving the isolation characteristic and is therefore suitable for use in very small arrays.
Internet interventions for mental health in university students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Harrer Mathias , Adam Sophia H. , Baumeister Harald , Cuijpers Pim , Karyotaki Eirini , Auerbach Randy P. , Kessler Ronald C. , Bruffaerts Ronny , Berking Matthias , Ebert David D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesMental health disorders are highly prevalent among university students. Universities could be an optimal setting to provide evidence‐based care through the Internet. As part of the World Mental Health International College Student initiative, this systematic review and meta‐analysis synthesizes data on the efficacy of Internet‐based interventions for university students' mental health.MethodA systematic literature search of bibliographical databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) for randomized trials examining psychological interventions for the mental health (depression, anxiety, stress, sleep problems, and eating disorder symptoms), well‐being, and functioning of university students was performed through April 30, 2018.ResultsForty‐eight studies were included. Twenty‐three studies (48%) were rated to have low risk of bias. Small intervention effects were found on depression (g = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.08, 0.27]), anxiety (g = 0.27, 95% CI [0.13, 0.40]), and stress (g = 0.20, 95% CI [0.02, 0.38]). Moderate effects were found on eating disorder symptoms (g = 0.52, 95% CI [0.22–0.83]) and role functioning (g = 0.41, 95% CI [0.26, 0.56]). Effects on well‐being were non‐significant (g = 0.15, 95% CI [−0.20, 0.50]). Heterogeneity was moderate to substantial in many analyses. After adjusting for publication bias, effects on anxiety were not significant anymore.DiscussionInternet interventions for university students' mental health can have significant small‐to‐moderate effects on a range of conditions. However, more research is needed to determine student subsets for which Internet‐based interventions are most effective and to explore ways to increase treatment effectiveness.
Body Composition Technology: Implications for the ICU
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Patel Jayshil J. , Martindale Robert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMalnutrition continues to be highly prevalent in hospitalized and critically ill patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Additionally, survivors of critical illness have an increased risk for sarcopenia, which leads to weakness and physical debilitation that can persist for years. Nutrition risk assessment tools have been developed and validated in critically ill patients but have limitations. Variables such as body weight, body mass index, weight change, or percentage of food intake can be difficult to obtain in critically ill patients and may be misleading given changes in body composition, such as an increase in body water. Assessment of body composition through new techniques provides a unique opportunity to counter some of these limitations and develop improved methods of nutrition risk assessment based on objective data. The present manuscript provides a review of the most commonly available clinical technology for assessment of body composition (bioimpedance, computed tomography, and ultrasound), including data from trials in critically ill patients highlighting the benefits and weaknesses of each modality.
The potential for concentrator photovoltaics: A feasibility study in India
Authors: Kamath Harsh G. , Ekins‐Daukes Nicholas J. , Araki Kenji , Ramasesha Sheela K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIndia has aggressive plans for scaling up photovoltaic installations in the coming decades. Currently fixed tilt, flat plate crystalline silicon (c‐Si) technology sets the standard for cost and performance and is both robust and relatively easy to deploy. Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) systems have a different cost structure; using solar cells with the highest efficiencies, system efficiencies greater than 30% are possible, but the system is also more sensitive to meteorological conditions. India has a complex and varied atmosphere that prevents a straightforward comparison of technologies, and hence, in this paper, we use a computer model to simulate the power output from CPV systems located in locations in India where the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations are based and additionally, in Bangalore where we have a CPV test station. We quantify the increased intermittency suffered by CPV systems that arises from the larger dynamic range in direct beam irradiance over global irradiance. Nevertheless, by calculating the target system costs required to attain a competitive levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), we find that CPV systems in some, but not all locations have the opportunity to compete against dual‐axis tracked and inclined c‐Si based PV in India
Longitudinal analysis of bronchodilator response in asthmatics and effect modification of age‐related trends by genotype
Authors: Sordillo Joanne E. , McGeachie Michael , Lutz Sharon M. , Lasky‐Su Jessica , Tantisira Kelan , Tsai Ching Hui , Dahlin Amber , Kelly Rachel , Wu Ann Chen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGenome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified genetic polymorphisms associated with bronchodilator response (BDR), but it is unknown how these associations change across life stages. We examined the impact of genetic variants on BDR from childhood to adulthood in asthmatics to uncover potential effect modification by age.MethodsWe searched the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) catalog of published GWAS to obtain a list of genetic associations with BDR, and tested them for effect modification by age in 604 subjects from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), a clinical trial with longitudinal measures of BDR (age range 5‐30 years). We performed longitudinal analyses using linear mixed models and visualized longitudinal changes in BDR using generalized additive models with repeated measures, adjusting for treatment group, sex, and main effects of age and additive genotype.ResultsIncreasing age was associated with decreased BDR (−0.24% per year). Polymorphisms rs295137 (T allele) near SPATS2L and rs2626393 (C allele) near ASB3 demonstrated their strongest associations with BDR in early childhood through adolescence, with a large decrease in their magnitude of effect from adolescence onward. The effect estimate for % BDR associated with rs295137 genotype (Beta = 1.3; 95%CI 0.6‐2.1) was diminished by age (interaction term = −0.06, P = 0.004). The effect estimate for rs2626393 (Beta = −0.92 (95%CI −1.7 to −0.2) was also modified by age (interaction term = 0.05, P = 0.0004).ConclusionsPolymorphisms associated with BDR in childhood may not be relevant for predicting adolescent and adult BDR, which could reflect age‐related changes in asthma phenotypes.
Long‐term outcomes of combining prostate brachytherapy and metastasis‐directed radiotherapy in newly diagnosed oligometastatic prostate cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tsumura Hideyasu , Ishiyama Hiromichi , Tabata Ken‐ichi , Sekiguchi Akane , Kawakami Shogo , Satoh Takefumi , Kitano Masashi , Iwamura Masatsugu 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundSystemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE) trial showed the survival benefit for prostate radiotherapy in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients with a low metastatic burden. The result raises the next question whether additional radiotherapy to metastatic sites could improve the survival in those with a low metastatic burden.MethodsWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of prostate‐directed radiotherapy (PDRT) with or without metastasis‐directed radiotherapy (MDRT) in newly diagnosed oligometastatic patients who underwent combination of high‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy. Forty patients with bone metastasis and node positive prostate cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 22 (55%), 3 (7%), and 15 (38%) patients had N1M0, M1a, and M1b, respectively. Eighteen patients (45%) received MDRT to all metastatic sites. All patients initially underwent ≧6 months of androgen deprivation therapy. Oligometastatic disease was defined as presence of five or fewer metastatic lesions. Median follow‐up period was 62.5 months.ResultsOf the 40 patients, the 5‐year castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)‐free survival rate and cancer‐specific survival was 64.4% and 87.9%, respectively. Pre‐ or post‐treatment predictive value including prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis ≥20 ng/mL, Gleason grade group 5, positive biopsy core rate ≥51%, PSA nadir level of ≥0.02 ng/mL after the radiotherapy, and no MDRT were significantly associated with progression to CRPC. Patients with MDRT had significantly higher probability of achieving a PSA level of <0.02 ng/mL than those without the therapy (88.8% vs 54.5%, P = 0.0354) and consequently had a better CRPC‐free survival than those without the therapy (HR 0.319, 95%CI: 0.116‐0.877). Comparing PDRT alone, PDRT with MDRT did not significantly increase the incidences of genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities.ConclusionsThis single‐institutional study revealed the feasibility of combining prostate brachytherapy and MDRT for newly diagnosed oligometastatic prostate cancer. This combined approach has potential to prolong CRPC‐free survival.