bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birding, Citizen Science, and Wildlife Conservation in Sociological Perspective
Authors: Cherry Elizabeth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSociological research on wildlife typically looks at how nonhuman animals in the wild are hunted, poached, or captured for entertainment, or how they play a symbolic role in people’s lives. Within sociology, little research exists on how people appreciate nonhuman animals in the wild, and how people contribute to wildlife conservation. I explore birding-related citizen science projects in theUS. Citizen science refers to scientific projects carried out by amateurs. Literature on citizen science focuses on the perspective of professional scientists, with the assumption that only professional scientists are concerned with the quality of data from citizen science projects. The research showed birders share this skepticism, but they still find satisfaction in participating in citizen science projects. This paper contributes to sociological understandings of wildlife conservation by showing how birders’ participation in citizen science projects helps professional scientists study environmental problems such as climate change and its effects on wildlife.
Urban Wildlife Organizations and the Institutional Entanglements of Conservation’s Urban Turn
Authors: Luther Erin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUrban wildlife organizations—which include groups focused on wildlife rehabilitation, rescue, removal, advocacy, education, and conflict resolution—have typically been viewed as out of step with the goals of wildlife conservation because of their focus on encounters with individual nonhuman animals, common species, and degraded habitats. The recent shift by large conservationNGOs toward a “humans and nature together” framework, because of its focus on urban natures, has brought the field into discursive relation with urban wildlife organizations. Drawing on a case study of four wildlife organizations in an urban center, this research explores their discourse about human-wildlife relationships in the city, and the challenges and opportunities presented by their emergent intersections.
Partners in Crime: The Anti-intellectual Complicity between the State and the Universities in Turkey
Authors: Vatansever Aslı 
Published: June 2018

The ongoing witch-hunt in Turkish universities adds a political dimension to the economic precarization of the academic labour force, and should be seen as part of a wider, distinctly neo-liberal attempt on the part of the state to eradicate rational agency. By eliminating qualified oppositional cadres en masse on false accusations, the government implements a policy of systematic deinstitutionalization in the sphere of intellectual production. The erosion of critical subjectivity via deregulation and precarization has certainly been under way for a while now, albeit in different degrees and with diverse intensity. Yet in Turkey, it found an exceptionally fertile breeding ground due to some historical peculiarities of Turkish society, such as the state-oriented institutionalization process of academic structures and the pervasive anti-intellectualism.The current war against universities in Turkey is being fought (and apparently won) with the help of academia itself. The universal values of knowledge production are being trampled down by the very institutions that are supposed to be dedicated to the safeguarding of these values. University administrations team up with the state in suppressing opposition by exploiting the economic vulnerability of the academic labour force to silence, intimidate or directly punish critical voices within the universities. The actual significance of the Academics for Peace Petition, originally intended as an attempt to bring peace back to the agenda, lies perhaps rather in the fact that it has surprisingly unveiled this unholy correlation between local circumstances and the dynamics of neo-liberalism.
Baroclinic Adjustment and Dissipative Control of Storm Tracks
Authors: Novak Lenka , Ambaum Maarten H. P. , Harvey Ben J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The steady-state response of a midlatitude storm track to large-scale extratropical thermal forcing and eddy friction is investigated in a dry general circulation model with a zonally symmetric forcing. A two-way equilibration is found between the relative responses of the mean baroclinicity and baroclinic eddy intensity, whereby mean baroclinicity responds more strongly to eddy friction whereas eddy intensity responds more strongly to the thermal forcing of baroclinicity. These seemingly counterintuitive responses are reconciled using the steady state of a predator–prey relationship between baroclinicity and eddy intensity. This relationship provides additional support for the well-studied mechanism of baroclinic adjustment in Earth’s atmosphere, as well as providing a new mechanism whereby eddy dissipation controls the large-scale thermal structure of a baroclinically unstable atmosphere. It is argued that these two mechanisms of baroclinic adjustment and dissipative control should be used in tandem when considering storm-track equilibration.
Connecting the Energy and Momentum Flux Response to Climate Change Using the Eliassen–Palm Relation
Authors: Lachmy Orli , Shaw Tiffany 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCoupled climate models project that extratropical storm tracks and eddy-driven jets generally shift poleward in response to increased CO2 concentration. Here the connection between the storm-track and jet responses to climate change is examined using the Eliassen–Palm (EP) relation. The EP relation states that the eddy potential energy flux is equal to the eddy momentum flux times the Doppler-shifted phase speed. The EP relation can be used to connect the storm-track and eddy-driven jet responses to climate change assuming 1) the storm-track and eddy potential energy flux responses are consistent and 2) the response of the Doppler-shifted phase speed is negligible. We examine the extent to which the EP relation connects the eddy-driven jet (eddy momentum flux convergence) response to climate change with the storm-track (eddy potential energy flux) response in two idealized aquaplanet model experiments. The two experiments, which differ in their radiation schemes, both show a poleward shift of the storm track in response to climate change. However, the eddy-driven jet shifts poleward using the sophisticated radiation scheme but equatorward using the gray radiation scheme. The EP relation gives a good approximation of the momentum flux response and the eddy-driven jet shift, given the eddy potential energy flux response, because the Doppler-shifted phase speed response is negligible. According to the EP relation, the opposite shift of the eddy-driven jet for the different radiation schemes is associated with dividing the eddy potential energy flux response by the climatological Doppler-shifted phase speed, which is dominated by the zonal-mean zonal wind.
The Multilevel Monte Carlo Method for Simulations of Turbulent Flows
Authors: Chen Qingshan , Ming Ju 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the application of the multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method to numerical simulations of turbulent flows with uncertain parameters is investigated. Several strategies for setting up the MLMC method are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are also discussed. A numerical experiment is carried out using an idealized model for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) with uncertain, small-scale bottom topographic features. It is demonstrated that unlike the pointwise solutions, the averaged volume transports are correlated across grid resolutions, and the MLMC method can increase simulation efficiency without losing accuracy in uncertainty assessments.
An Epidemiological Study on Burden of Hearing Loss and Its Associated Factors in Delhi, India
Authors: Garg Suneela , Kohli Charu , Mangla Vipra , Chadha Shelly , Singh M Meghachandra , Dahiya Neha 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Hearing loss is the second most common cause of years lived with disability (YLD). The present study was conducted with an objective to determine the prevalence, severity, and sociodemographic correlates of hearing loss among people aged 3 months and above in selected areas of Delhi, India. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of Delhi among population aged 3 months and above. Of the total sample size of 664, 85 study subjects (17 households) were taken from the rural area, and 579 (116 households) were taken from urban areas. The hearing test and ear examination was carried out using handheld oto-acoustic emission (OAE) in children <5 years of age and pure tone audiometry in individuals above 5 years of age. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to analyze difference between proportions. Results: Overall prevalence of hearing loss was 25.1%. Conductive hearing loss was present among 61 (10.3%) subjects, mixed hearing loss was found among 5 (0.8%) subjects, and sensorineural hearing loss among 94 (15.8%) subjects. On OAE, 62 (89.9%) children passed the test, and 7 (10.1%) were referred. Increasing age, female gender, and low education were significantly associated with hearing loss. Conclusion: There was high prevalence of hearing loss in the study sample. Urgent interventions are required to identify individuals with hearing loss so that its serious complications can be reduced.
Disordered eating behaviours and sedentary lifestyle prevention among young Mexicans: A pilot study
Authors: Saucedo-Molina Teresita de Jesús , Villarreal Castillo Martín , Oliva Macías Luz Alejandra , Unikel Santoncini Claudia , Guzmán Saldaña Rebeca María Elena 
Published: June 2018

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a universal prevention programme for disordered eating behaviours (DEB) and sedentary lifestyle among Mexican young people. Design: Non-experimental single group field study with repeated measures (pre-test, post-test and at 6-month follow-up). Setting: Public high school in Hidalgo, Mexico. Methods: In all, 214 young women and 154 young men aged 15–18 years with a mean age of 16.4 participated in the study. For both young women and men, data were collected using the Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviours (DEB) and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Among young men, additional data were collected using the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS). Intervention: Five activity-based sessions. In the first four sessions, the following topics were addressed: thinness culture, myths and realities of dieting and supplements, healthy eating behaviours and healthy menus. At the end of each session, students engaged in an enjoyable physical activity hour. In the fifth session, participants were divided into three parallel workshop groups focusing on: thinness culture, healthy menus, and physical activity. The programme incorporated a variety of dissonance-based interventions using interactive psychoeducational strategies. Results: After 6 months, repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed a significant reduction in the mean DEB scores in young women. In young men, DEB and DMS mean scores decreased but not significantly. Physical activity frequency and duration showed a significant increase in the total sample over time. Conclusions: Overall, implementation of the programme had positive effects on young people and important differences were found between the sexes.
Redundant Automation Monitoring: Four Eyes Don’t See More Than Two, if Everyone Turns a Blind Eye
Authors: Cymek Dietlind Helene 
Published: June 2018

Background: In safety-critical and highly automated environments, more than one person typically monitors the system in order to increase reliability. Objective: We investigate whether the anticipated advantage of redundant automation monitoring is lost due to social loafing and whether individual performance feedback can mitigate this effect. Method: In two experiments, participants worked on a multitasking paradigm in which one task was the monitoring and cross-checking of an automation. Participants worked either alone or with a team partner on this task. The redundant group was further subdivided. One subgroup was instructed that only team performance would be evaluated, whereas the other subgroup expected to receive individual performance feedback after the experiment. Results: Compared to participants working alone, those who worked collectively but did not expect individual feedback performed significantly less cross-checks and found 25% fewer automation failures. Due to this social loafing effect, even the combined team performance did not surpass the performance of participants working alone. However, when participants expected individual performance feedback, their monitoring behavior and failure detection performance was similar to participants working alone and a team advantage became apparent. Conclusion: Social loafing in redundant automation monitoring can negate the expected gain, if individual performance feedback is not provided. Application: These findings may motivate safety experts to evaluate whether their implementation of human redundancy is vulnerable to social loafing effects.
The impact of motives for Facebook use on Facebook addiction among ordinary users in Jordan
Authors: Alzougool Basil 
Published: June 2018

Background: Facebook has become the most popular social networking site with more than 2.07 billion monthly active users. However, this popularity has its pains too reflected by some addictive behavior among its users. Although researchers have recently started to examine the factors that influence Facebook addiction, little research examined the links between motives for Facebook use and Facebook addiction. These studies mainly concentrate on students too. Also, little research has explored this issue among general public in general and among people in Jordan in particular. Aims: This study therefore examined the impact of motives for Facebook use on Facebook addiction among ordinary users in Jordan. Method: A sample of 397 ordinary users is employed to achieve the study objective. Results: Results showed that 38.5% of the participants were addicted to Facebook. Facebook addiction was significantly associated with six motives, namely exhibitionism and companionship, entertainment, escapism and passing time, social curiosity, relationships formation and relationships maintenance. Conclusion: Among these six motives, escapism and passing time, exhibitionism and companionship, and relationships maintenance were the strong predictors of Facebook addiction.
Responding to urgency of need: Initial qualitative stage in the development of a triage tool for use in palliative care services
Authors: Russell Bethany , Sundararajan Vijaya , Hennesy-Anderson Nicole , Collins Anna , Burchell Jodie , Vogrin Sara , Le Brian , Brand Caroline , Hudson Peter , Philip Jennifer 
Published: June 2018

Background: Palliative care services face the challenge of a workload increasing in volume and diversity. An evidence-based triage method to assess urgency of palliative care needs is required to ensure equitable, efficient and transparent allocation of specialist resources when managing waiting lists. Aim: As the initial stage of a mixed-method sequential design, this study aimed to explore palliative care providers’ practices and attitudes towards triaging palliative care needs and their views regarding the implementation of a standardised approach. Design: A qualitative study was conducted involving focus groups and interviews. Transcripts were subjected to deductive thematic analysis. Setting/Participants: A total of 20 palliative care providers were purposively sampled to ensure representation across disciplines (primary, specialist; medicine, nursing and allied health), service types (inpatient, hospital liaison and community) and locations (metropolitan and rural). Results: A series of markers of urgency were identified, including physical and psychological suffering, caregiver distress, discrepancy between care needs and care arrangements, mismatch between current site of care and desired site of death when in terminal phase and complex communication needs. Performance status and phase of disease were reported to be less informative when considered in isolation. Interpersonal and system-based barriers to the implementation of a palliative care triage tool were highlighted. Conclusion: The process of triage in the palliative care setting is complex but can be conceptualised using a limited number of domains. Further research is required to establish the relative value clinicians attribute to these domains and thus inform the development of an acceptable and useful evidence-based palliative care triage tool.
Weight change over two years in people prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone in UK primary care: Cohort study in THIN, a UK primary care database
Authors: Osborn David PJ , Petersen Irene , Beckley Nick , Walters Kate , Nazareth Irwin , Hayes Joseph 
Published: June 2018

Background: Follow-up studies of weight gain related to antipsychotic treatment beyond a year are limited in number. We compared weight change in the three most commonly prescribed antipsychotics in a representative UK General Practice database. Method: We conducted a cohort study in United Kingdom primary care records of people newly prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone. The primary outcome was weight in each six month period for two years after treatment initiation. Weight changes were compared using linear regression, adjusted for age, baseline weight and diagnosis. Results: N = 6338 people received olanzapine, 12,984 quetiapine and 6556 risperidone. Baseline weight was lowest for men treated with olanzapine (80.8 kg versus 83.5 kg quetiapine, 82.0 kg risperidone) and women treated with olanzapine (67.7 kg versus 71.5 kg quetiapine 68.4 kg risperidone. Weight gain occurred during treatment with all three drugs. Compared with risperidone mean weight gain was higher with olanzapine (adjusted co-efficient +1.24 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.69–1.79 kg per six months) for men and +0.77 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.29–1.24 kg) for women). Weight gain with quetiapine was lower in unadjusted models compared with risperidone, but this difference was not significant after adjustment. Conclusion: Olanzapine is more commonly prescribed to people with lower weight. However, after accounting for baseline weight, age, sex and diagnosis, olanzapine is still associated with greater weight gain over two years than risperidone or quetiapine. Baseline weight does not ameliorate the risks of weight gain associated with antipsychotic medication. Weight gain should be assertively discussed and managed for people prescribed antipsychotics, especially olanzapine.
Psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation: Qualitative analysis of participant accounts
Authors: Noorani Tehseen , Garcia-Romeu Albert , Swift Thomas C , Griffiths Roland R , Johnson Matthew W 
Published: June 2018

Background: Recent pilot trials suggest feasibility and potential efficacy of psychedelic-facilitated addiction treatment interventions. Fifteen participants completed a psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation pilot study between 2009 and 2015. Aims: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to identify perceived mechanisms of change leading to smoking cessation in the pilot study; (2) to identify key themes in participant experiences and long-term outcomes to better understand the therapeutic process. Methods: Participants were invited to a retrospective follow-up interview an average of 30 months after initial psilocybin sessions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 of the 15 participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported gaining vivid insights into self-identity and reasons for smoking from their psilocybin sessions. Experiences of interconnectedness, awe, and curiosity persisted beyond the duration of acute drug effects. Participants emphasised that the content of psilocybin experiences overshadowed any short-term withdrawal symptoms. Preparatory counselling, strong rapport with the study team, and a sense of momentum once engaged in the study treatment were perceived as vital additional factors in achieving abstinence. In addition, participants reported a range of persisting positive changes beyond smoking cessation, including increased aesthetic appreciation, altruism, and pro-social behaviour. Conclusions: The findings highlight the value of qualitative research in the psychopharmacological investigation of psychedelics. They describe perceived connections between drug- and non-drug factors, and provide suggestions for future research trial design and clinical applications.
Relationship between knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles that are functionally related to the knee
Authors: Lucha-López María Orosia , Tricás-Moreno José Miguel , Gaspar-Calvo Elena , Lucha-López Ana Carmen , Vidal-Peracho Concepción , Hidalgo-García César , Caudevilla-Polo Santos , Fanlo-Mazas Pablo 
Published: June 2018

Objective To assess the relationship between static frontal knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles functionally related to the knee. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 33 healthy adults (19–31 years). The frontal knee angle (valgus/varus angle) was measured by photogrammetry and it was measured in the lateral side. Therefore, high values were assigned for genu varum and low values for genu valgum. Iliopsoas, gluteus maximus and medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus of the quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles were stretched. Muscles were classified as normal, reflex hypomobile, or structural hypomobile. Results Women had significantly greater valgus than did men (right angle, women: 174.41°/men: 177.41°; left angle, women: 174.20°/men: 178.70°). The right frontal plane knee angle was higher in women with structural hypomobile vastus. The left frontal plane knee angle was higher in women with structural hypomobile iliopsoas. No relationships were found in men. Conclusions A tighter vastus of the quadriceps and tighter iliopsoas are related to greater genu varum in adult women. Stretching the vastus of the quadriceps and iliopsoas when there is a tendency for excess varus in the knee, to prevent overuse injury or early osteoarthritis, might be clinically relevant.