bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocyte isolation techniques significantly impact the phenotype of both isolated monocytes and derived macrophages in vitro
Authors: Nielsen Marlene C. , Andersen Morten N. , Møller Holger J. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMonocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) generated from peripheral blood monocytes are widely used to model human macrophages for in vitro studies. However, the possible impact of different isolation methods on the resulting MDM phenotype is poorly described. We aimed to investigate the effects of three commonly used monocyte isolation techniques on the resulting MDM phenotype. Plastic adhesion, negative selection, and CD14pos selection were compared. Monocyte‐derived macrophages were generated by 5‐day culture with macrophage and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factors. We investigated monocyte and MDM yields, purity, viability, and cell phenotype. CD14pos selection resulted in highest monocyte yield (19·8 × 106 cells, equivalent to 70% of total) and purity (98·7%), compared with negative selection (17·7 × 106 cells, 61% of total, 85·0% purity), and plastic adhesion (6·1 × 106 cells, 12·9% of total, 44·2% purity). Negatively selected monocytes were highly contaminated with platelets. Expression of CD163 and CD14 were significantly lower on CD14pos selection and plastic adhesion monocytes, compared with untouched peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After maturation, CD14pos selection also resulted in the highest MDM purity (98·2%) compared with negative selection (94·5%) and plastic adhesion (66·1%). Furthermore, MDMs from plastic adhesion were M1‐skewed (CD80high HLA‐DRhigh CD163low), whereas negative selection MDMs were M2‐skewed (CD80low HLA‐DRlow CD163high). Choice of monocyte isolation method not only significantly affects yield and purity, but also impacts resulting phenotype of cultured MDMs. These differences may partly be explained by the presence of contaminating cells when using plastic adherence or negative selection. Careful considerations of monocyte isolation methods are important for designing in vitro assays on MDMs.
Influenza and tuberculosis co‐infection: A systematic review
Authors: Walaza Sibongile , Cohen Cheryl , Tempia Stefano , Moyes Jocelyn , Nguweneza Athermon , Madhi Shabir A. , McMorrow Meredith , Cohen Adam L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere are limited data on risk of severe disease or outcomes in patients with influenza and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) co‐infection compared to those with single infection.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of published literature on the interaction of influenza viruses and PTB. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they presented data on prevalence, disease association, presentation or severity of laboratory‐confirmed influenza among clinically diagnosed or laboratory‐confirmed PTB cases. We searched eight databases from inception until December 2018. Summary characteristics of each study were extracted, and a narrative summary was presented. Cohort or case‐control studies were assessed for potential bias using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsWe assessed 5154 abstracts, reviewed 146 manuscripts and included 19 studies fulfilling selection criteria (13 human and six animal). Of seven studies reporting on the possible effect of the underlying PTB disease in patients with influenza, three of four analytical studies reported no association with disease severity of influenza infection in those with PTB, whilst one study reported PTB as a risk factor for influenza‐associated hospitalization.An association between influenza infection and PTB disease was found in three of five analytical studies; whereas the two other studies reported a high frequency of PTB disease progression and complications among patients with seasonal influenza co‐infection.ConclusionHuman analytical studies of an association between co‐infection and severe influenza‐ or PTB‐associated disease or increased prevalence of influenza co‐infection in individuals' hospitalized for PTB were not conclusive. Data are limited from large, high‐quality, analytical epidemiological studies with laboratory‐confirmed endpoints.
Effectiveness of e‐health based self‐management to improve cancer‐related fatigue, self‐efficacy and quality of life in cancer patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Anqi , Wang Yinping , Wu Xue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo integrate the overall effect of e‐health based self‐management on cancer‐related fatigue (CRF), self‐efficacy, and quality of life (QOL) among adult cancer patients.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.Data sourcesWe researched PubMed, Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Embase up to 14 July 2019.Review MethodsWe conducted the review with the Cochrane Handbook (version 5.1.0) and measured the quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.ResultsLiterature searching identified 15 trials with a total of 2,337 participants. Integrated results analysis of e‐health based self‐management demonstrated a statistically significant but small effect on CRF and self‐efficacy, but no statistically significant improvement on the QOL. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis indicated that e‐health based self‐management had a larger effect on fatigue compared with usual care/waiting list control.ConclusionE‐health based self‐management is effective for CRF and self‐efficacy, but not the QOL. More high‐quality randomized control trials are warranted to confirm these conclusions.ImpactResults showed e‐health could improve fatigue and self‐efficacy but not the QOL. Health providers could take into the various factors of e‐health interventions when providing telehealth service. Other researchers might be inspired by the current review before they begin a study about e‐health.
LncRNA PART‐1 targets TGFBR2/Smad3 to regulate cell viability and apoptosis of chondrocytes via acting as miR‐590‐3p sponge in osteoarthritis
Authors: Lu Chao , Li Zheng , Hu Shouye , Cai Yuanzhen , Peng Kan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that commonly occurs in the elderly. This study focused on apoptosis and explored the modulating effects of long non‐coding (lncRNAs) prostate androgen‐regulated transcript‐1 (PART‐1) on chondrocytes apoptosis. In the present study, the PART‐1 expression level was down‐regulated in the OA cartilages. Silence of PART‐1 decreased the cell viability and promoted chondrocytes apoptosis. Overexpression of PART‐1 could reverse the effects induced by interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) stimulation, thus slowing down the apoptosis rate. MiR‐590‐3p was found to be the potential target, and RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase activity assay confirmed the binding between PART‐1 and miR‐590‐3p. Moreover, miR‐590‐3p was down‐regulated by PART‐1 and was negatively associated with PART‐1. Transforming growth factor‐beta receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) was positively associated with PART‐1. Down‐regulation of PART‐1 decreased cell viability and induced cell apoptosis, which was partially reversed by miR‐590‐3p silence or TGFBR2 overexpression; while overexpression of PART‐1 increased the cell viability and decreased the caspase 3 activity and apoptotic rates, and the effects were partially attenuated by miR‐590‐3p overexpression or silence of TGFBR2 in IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes. Knock‐down of PART‐1 down‐regulated both Smad3 and p‐Smad3 protein levels, which was reversed by miR‐590‐3p inhibition or TGFBR2 overexpression. Smad3 expression level was lower in the OA group than that in the normal group and was positively associated with the PART‐1 expression level. Collectively, the study revealed that lncRNA PART‐1 regulates the apoptosis of chondrocytes in OA by acting as a sponge for miR‐590‐3p, which subsequently regulates TGFBR2/Smad3 signalling.
Unique osmoregulatory morphology in primitive sharks: an intermediate state between holocephalan and derived shark secretory morphology
Authors: Larsen Matthew E. , Abel Daniel C. , Crane Derek P. , Parker Scott L. , Yancey Paul H. , Keller Bryan A. , Grubbs Dean R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiscovery of an unusual rectal gland in the Atlantic sixgill shark Hexanchus vitulus led us to examine the rectal glands of 31 species of sharks to study diversity in rectal‐gland morphology. Twenty‐four of 31 species of sharks had digitiform glands (mean width–length ratio ± SD = 0.17 ± 0.04) previously assumed to be characteristic of all elasmobranchs regardless of habitat depth or phylogenetic age. Rectal glands from the family Somniosidae were kidney bean‐shaped (mean width: length ± SD = 0.46 ± 0.05); whereas those from families Echinorhinidae and Hexanchidae were lobulate (mean width: length ± SD = 0.55 ± 0.06). Rectal gland width: length were different among species with digitiform morphology and lobulate morphology (ANOVA; R2 = 0.9; df = 15, 386; 401, F = 219.24; P < 0.001). Histological and morphological characteristics of the digitiform morphology from deep‐sea sharks were similar to those from shallow‐water sharks. Histology of lobulate rectal glands from hexanchids were characterised by tubule bundles separated by smooth muscle around a central lumen. Additionally, we examined plasma chemistry of four species of sharks with digitiform rectal glands and two species with lobulate rectal‐gland morphology to see if there were differences between morphologies. Plasma chemistry analysis showed that urea and trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) followed the piezolyte hypothesis, with TMAO being highest and urea being lowest in deep‐sea sharks. Among electrolytes, Na+ was highest in species with lobulate rectal glands. Hexanchids and echinorhinids both have lobulate rectal glands similar to those of holocephalans, despite the more than 400 million years separating these two groups. The morphological similarities between the lobulate rectal‐gland anatomy of primitive sharks and the secretory morphology of holocephalans may represent an intermediate state between Holocephali and derived shark species.
A wireless sensor network system for monitoring environmental factors affecting bulk grains storability
Authors: Onibonoje Moses O. , Nwulu Nnamdi I. , Bokoro Pitshou N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany nations and their people rely on agriculture for gross domestic product and food security. Globally, 2.4 billion tons of grains are produced per annum. Efficient monitoring and control of the environmental factors affecting quality of granaries is therefore important to both farmers and governments. This study designs and develops a distributed low‐power, low‐cost but effective wireless monitoring system for storing bulk grains. Furthermore, a mini storage facility for grains is also designed and constructed according to standard considerations for a pilot test. The study deployed the developed wireless monitoring system with efficient coverage in the constructed mini bin and monitored the environmental factors affecting the quality of the stored grains over a time period. The entire system was then evaluated. From the obtained results, the developed system achieved optimal trade‐offs among coverage efficiency, reduced power consumption, reduced cost, real‐time monitoring, and longer node life. The system is appropriate for small and medium scale farmers and marketers.Practical applicationsThe major application of the developed system resides in modular storage facilities for small scale farmers and middle level marketers of grains. The shortage or inaccessibility of small scale farmers and marketers of grains to resourceful storage bins has been eliminated. Furthermore, the system can possibly be deployed in existing large volume granary storage systems provided by governments in cities and major towns, for effective monitoring purpose. In most developing countries, many of the storage units provided by the governments for bulk grains are poorly managed. The relevance of this study is justified in its contribution to the provision of information on the selection of comparatively resourceful components for wireless monitoring systems. The network system analyses various components, topologies, and technologies based on specific criteria in order to identify the ones with comparative advantages. In summary, the developed wireless sensor network system helps to ensure food security and good economic returns of quality grains through well‐monitored, controlled, and affordable storage facilities.
Evaluation of a Multicomponent Care Transitions Program for High‐Risk Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Huckfeldt Peter J. , Reyes Bernardo , Engstrom Gabriella , Yang Qingnan , Diaz Sanya , Fahmy Samer , Ouslander Joseph G. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESTo test the effectiveness of a multicomponent care transition intervention targeted at hospitalized patients, aged 75 years and older, at high risk for hospital readmissions, return emergency department (ED) visits, and related complications.DESIGNImplementation as a quality improvement program with propensity‐matched preintervention and concurrent comparison groups over a 12‐month period.SETTINGA 400‐bed community teaching hospital.PARTICIPANTSPatients, aged 75 years and older, admitted to non–intensive care unit beds who met specific high‐risk criteria. The intervention group included 202 patients, and the concurrent and preintervention comparison groups included 4142 and 4592 patients, respectively.MEASUREMENTSPrimary outcomes were 30‐day hospital readmissions and returns to the ED; 7‐day readmissions and ED visits were secondary measures.RESULTSAmong the 202 patients enrolled in the “Safe Transitions for At‐Risk Patients” (“STAR”) program, 37 (18.3%) were readmitted within 30 days, in contrast to 14.3% and 14.6% in the concurrent and preintervention comparison groups, respectively. Rates for 30‐day return ED visits that did not result in hospitalization were 10.9% in the intervention group, and 7.2% and 7.9% in the comparison groups. STAR patients had greater 30‐day ED use than patients in the preintervention comparison group (5.0 percentage points; 95% confidence interval = 0.8‐9.3 percentage points; P = .020). Implementation challenges included suboptimal involvement of the participating hospital and post–acute care organizations and a relatively high proportion of patients who did not receive the intervention as planned, despite agreeing to participate before leaving the hospital.CONCLUSIONA multicomponent care transitions intervention targeting high‐risk patients, aged 75 years and older, admitted to a community teaching hospital was not effective in reducing 30‐ or 7‐day readmissions or return ED visits. Our implementation experience offers many lessons for future programs for similar high‐risk geriatric populations. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2634–2642, 2019
Muscovite dehydration melting: Reaction mechanisms, microstructures, and implications for anatexis
Authors: Dyck Brendan , Waters David J. , St‐Onge Marc R. , Searle Mike P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDehydration melting of muscovite in metasedimentary sequences is the initially dominant mechanism of granitic melt generation in orogenic hinterlands. In dry (vapour‐absent) crust, muscovite reacts with quartz to produce K‐feldspar, sillimanite, and monzogranitic melt. When water vapour is present in excess, sillimanite and melt are the primary products of muscovite breakdown, and any K‐feldspar produced is due to melt crystallization. Here we document the reaction mechanisms that control nucleation and growth of K‐feldspar, sillimanite, and silicate melt in the metamorphic core of the Himalaya, and outline the microstructural criteria used to distinguish peritectic K‐feldspar from K‐feldspar grains formed during melt crystallization. We have characterized four stages of microstructural evolution in selected psammitic and pelitic samples from the Langtang and Everest regions: (a) K‐feldspar nucleates epitaxially on plagioclase while intergrowths of fibrolitic sillimanite and the remaining hydrous melt components replace muscovite. (b) In quartzofeldspathic domains, K‐feldspar replaces plagioclase by K+–Na+ cation exchange, while melt and intergrowths of sillimanite+quartz form in the aluminous domains. (c) At 7–8 vol.% melt generation, the system evolves from a closed to open system and all phases coarsen by up to two orders of magnitude, resulting in large K‐feldspar porphyroblasts. (d) Preferential crystallization of residual melt on K‐feldspar porphyroblasts and coarsened quartz forms an augen gneiss texture with a monzogranitic‐tonalitic matrix that contains intergrowths of sillimanite+tourmaline+muscovite+apatite. Initial poikiloblasts of peritectic K‐feldspar trap fine‐grained inclusions of quartz and biotite by replacement growth of matrix plagioclase. During subsequent coarsening, peritectic K‐feldspar grains overgrow and trap fabric‐aligned biotite, resulting in a core to rim coarsening of inclusion size. These microstructural criteria enable a mass balance of peritectic K‐feldspar and sillimanite to constrain the amount of free H2O present during muscovite dehydration. The resulting modal proportion of K‐feldspar in the Himalayan metamorphic core requires vapour‐absent conditions during muscovite dehydration melting and leucogranite formation, indicating that the generation of large volumes of granitic melts in orogenic belts is not necessarily contingent on an external source of fluids.
Platelet‐rich plasma treatment for melasma: A pilot study
Authors: Sirithanabadeekul Punyaphat , Dannarongchai Arada , Suwanchinda Atchima 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMelasma treatments have varying success and are associated with some complications.AimsTo assess the effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) treatment for melasma.MethodsTen female patients with bilateral mixed‐type melasma were enrolled in our randomized, split‐face, single‐blinded prospective trial. Over 4 treatment sessions that each took place every 2 weeks, PRP was injected intradermally on one side of the face (PRP condition) and normal saline on the other (control condition). PRP was prepared by using the YCELLBIO Kit®. Outcomes were evaluated with the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI), Mexameter®, and Antera® 3D. Patient satisfaction was also assessed at baseline, at 2, 4, and 6 weeks, and 1 month after treatment completion.ResultsmMASI score and Antera® 3D‐assessed melanin levels show significant improvement in the PRP condition than control condition between baseline and week 6, while patient satisfaction significantly increased over time. However, Mexameter®‐assessed erythema and melanin indices did not significantly differ between the control and PRP conditions, though there was a trend toward reduced pigmentation in the latter. Finally, side effects of treatment were mild and resolved spontaneously within a few days.ConclusionThis is the first randomized, placebo‐controlled trial study using PRP for treatment of melasma. PRP injection significantly improved melasma within 6 weeks of treatment in terms of mMASI scores, patient satisfaction, and Antera®‐assessed melanin levels. Hence, intradermal PRP injection could be used as an alternative or adjuvant therapy for melasma. However, additional trials are needed for more rigorous evaluation of its long‐term efficacy and safety.
Preserving a Professional Institution: Emotion in Discursive Institutional Work
Authors: Goodrick Elizabeth , Jarvis Lee C. , Reay Trish 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe studied the discursive institutional work written by pharmacy leaders as part of a larger institutional project to preserve the institution of pharmacy. Our analysis of monthly editorials printed in theJournal of the American Pharmacists Associationfrom 1960 to 2003 shows how different discrete emotions were systematically incorporated in specific rhetorical argument structures over the course of an institutional project. In contrast to previous research, we show how discursive institutional work that is directed to members of the same specific social group (e.g., a profession) can vary over time in response to significant events and changes in practices of the target audience. Our longitudinal study shows that the relative frequency of argument types, the incorporation of emotion, and the content of rhetorical argumentation changed over time. We contribute to theory about the role of emotions in discursive institutional work by unpacking the role of discrete emotions and showing how such discourse evolves over time in concert with field conditions.
Entanglements of colonialism, social class, andUnequal Englishes
Authors: Tupas Ruanni 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent work in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, and language education has called for the “return” of class in the critical examination of the role of language in society and education under the organizing logic of capitalist globalization. Nevertheless, while the restoration of class as a core aspect of sociolinguistic analysis is much welcome, it has also come with its own ideological erasures: the disappearance of colonialism and coloniality. Thus, this paper aims to, first, tackle the general erasure of class in intellectual movements in the humanities and social sciences for the past few decades, then second, demonstrate how such erasure in fact involves the decoupling of class and colonialism through the example of the politics of Englishes in the Philippines, before introducing the concept of colonially inducedUnequal Englishes(Tupas, 2015; Tupas & Salonga, 2016) as a way to address directly such politics.
Influence of Japanese green tea on the Koku attributes of bonito stock: Proposed basic rules of pairing Japanese green tea with Washoku
Authors: Sato Kohei , Kinugasa Hitoshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere, we paired Japanese green tea with Washoku, a Japanese traditional cuisine, to investigate the influence of green tea on the sensory perception of Japanese food. We hypothesized that Japanese green tea would enhance the Koku attributes of thickness, continuity, mouthfulness, and umami intensity. This hypothesis was verified by evaluating: (a) synergistic effects on umami; (b) green tea's enhancing effect on the Koku attributes using descriptive analysis; (c) Koku attributes of Japanese food induced by green tea consumption using time–intensity methodology; and (d) changes in the dominant perception of Japanese food induced by green tea consumption using temporal dominance of sensations. We found an enhancing effect on Koku attributes derived from the synergetic effect of green tea and bonito stock on umami. Additionally, enhancement of Koku attributes changed the dominant perception of bonito stock. Further, catechin, an astringent ingredient of green tea, suppressed these effects.Practical ApplicationsThis study verified that green tea enhanced the Koku attributes of Japanese food. However, this effect was suppressed when the tea was highly astringent (high catechin content). Therefore, to accentuate the effects of green tea on the Koku attributes to the greatest extent possible, it is necessary to prepare green tea with high umami and low astringency. These findings are useful for preparing appropriate pairings of green tea and Japanese food that would emphasize its Koku attributes, thus offering basic rules for aligning particular green tea and Japanese food types in actual meal settings.