bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Engineering of Graphene‐Viologen Based 3D Covalent Organic Polymer Interfaces Leading to Efficient Charge‐Transfer for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Chakraborty Soumita , Dhiman Shikha , Sampath Srinivasan , George Subi J. , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractViologen based covalent organic polymer (COP) interfaced with graphene at the nanoscale showed pseudocapacitive energy storage associated with redox‐active moieties. The positively charged viologen moieties endow charge storage as well as easy wetting of the electrode. The non‐conducting COP grown over conducting graphene enhances its performance by extensive interface formation. All the redox states of viologen moieties can be reversibly attained without significant polarization when it is interfaced with graphene. However, the COP (devoid of graphene) shows irreversible/pseudo‐reversible behavior due to lack of electron conducting pathways. The intimate and dense conducting pathways in graphene‐COP composites facilitates the charge transfer across interface leading to effective and reversible participation of redox moieties across the entire range over 1000 cycles. Also, we show that the strategy being universal in nature and aid in electron transfer in dense 3D networks which lacks traditional π‐π stacking of 2D crystalline networks (COF).
Financial analyst coverage and corporate social performance: Evidence from natural experiments
Authors: Qian Cuili , Lu Louise Y. , Yu Yangxin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research summaryThis study examines the impact of financial analysts on a firm's corporate social performance (CSP). We integrate research on time horizons with stakeholder theory and argue that, in response to short‐term pressure from financial analysts, firms and their managers become more short‐term focused and limit investment in socially responsible activities. Using broker mergers and closures in the United States as exogenous shocks to analyst coverage and a difference‐in‐differences research design, we find that an exogenous decrease in analyst coverage leads to better CSP, establishing a causal relationship between analyst coverage and the level of a firm's CSP. The impact of financial analysts on a firm's CSP is exacerbated if the terminated analyst works for a larger brokerage house and has more general‐ and firm‐specific experiences.
Managerial summaryThis study looks at the relationship between financial analysts, a key stakeholder group of the capital market, and a firm's socially responsible activities. Using a sample of U.S. publicly listed firms during the period of 2001–2013, our study finds novel evidence that the pressure to meet earnings target set by financial analysts hinders a firm's socially responsible performance. In addition, this pressure is more salient for firms with analysts that work for large brokerage houses and have more experiences. This study provides new insights to corporate social responsibility research by evaluating the impact of financial analysts on firms' social engagement.
The case for humble expectations: CEO humility and market performance
Authors: Petrenko Oleg V. , Aime Federico , Recendes Tessa , Chandler Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryIn this study, we investigate the effect of chief executive officer (CEO) humility on firm's market performance. We argue and find that firms with more humble CEOs will have better market performance but not because they actually perform better but, rather, because they benefit from an expectation discount in the market. Specifically, we show that, all else equal, financial analysts announce lower earnings per share expectations for firms with more humble CEOs. This expectation discount sets the stage for those firms to meet or beat analysts' expectations resulting in improved market performance for firms with humble CEOs. We find support for our ideas with a sample of Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 CEOs, operationalizing CEO humility with a videometric technique.Managerial SummaryIn this study, we investigate the effect of CEO humility on firm's market performance. We show that firms with more humble CEOs will outperform other firms in the market because financial analysts tend to set lower market expectations for firms with more humble CEOs increasing the probability that they will outperform those expectations. Rather counterintuitively, these firms do not have better market performance because they perform better but because they face lower expectations. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the importance of CEO characteristics for external evaluations and perceptions about the firm with significant effects on investment performance.
Synthesis of CaO2 Nanocrystals and Their Spherical Aggregates with Uniform Sizes for Use as a Biodegradable Bacteriostatic Agent
Authors: Shen Song , Mamat Marhaba , Zhang Shengchang , Cao Jin , Hood Zachary D. , Figueroa‐Cosme Legna , Xia Younan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs a solid precursor to O2 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium peroxide (CaO2) has found widespread use in applications related to disinfection and contaminant degradation. The lack of uniform nanoparticles, however, greatly limits the potential use of this material in other applications related to medicine. Here, a new route to the facile synthesis of CaO2 nanocrystals and their spherical aggregates with uniform, controllable sizes is reported. The synthesis involves the reaction between CaCl2 and H2O2 to generate CaO2 primary nanocrystals of 2–15 nm in size in ethanol, followed by their aggregation into uniform, spherical particles with the aid of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). The average diameter of the spherical aggregates can be easily tuned in the range of 15–100 nm by varying the concentrations of CaCl2 and/or PVP. For the spherical aggregates with a smaller size, they release H2O2 and O2 more quickly when exposed to water, resulting in superior antimicrobial activity. This study not only demonstrates a new route to the synthesis of uniform CaO2 nanocrystals and their spherical aggregates but also offers a promising bacteriostatic agent with biodegradability.
Local Immunomodulation Using an Adhesive Hydrogel Loaded with miRNA‐Laden Nanoparticles Promotes Wound Healing
Authors: Saleh Bahram , Dhaliwal Harkiranpreet Kaur , Portillo‐Lara Roberto , Shirzaei Sani Ehsan , Abdi Reza , Amiji Mansoor M. , Annabi Nasim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic wounds are characterized by impaired healing and uncontrolled inflammation, which compromise the protective role of the immune system and may lead to bacterial infection. Upregulation of miR‐223 microRNAs (miRNAs) shows driving of the polarization of macrophages toward the anti‐inflammatory (M2) phenotype, which could aid in the acceleration of wound healing. However, local‐targeted delivery of microRNAs is still challenging, due to their low stability. Here, adhesive hydrogels containing miR‐223 5p mimic (miR‐223*) loaded hyaluronic acid nanoparticles are developed to control tissue macrophages polarization during wound healing processes. In vitro upregulation of miR‐223* in J774A.1 macrophages demonstrates increased expression of the anti‐inflammatory gene Arg‐1 and a decrease in proinflammatory markers, including TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. The therapeutic potential of miR‐223* loaded adhesive hydrogels is also evaluated in vivo. The adhesive hydrogels could adhere to and cover the wounds during the healing process in an acute excisional wound model. Histological evaluation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis show that local delivery of miR‐223* efficiently promotes the formation of uniform vascularized skin at the wound site, which is mainly due to the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of nanoparticle‐laden hydrogels conveying miRNA‐223* to accelerate wound healing.
Impact of solid residence time (SRT) on functionally relevant microbial populations and performance in full‐scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems
Authors: Onnis‐Hayden Annalisa , Majed Nehreen , Li Yueyun , Rahman Sheikh Mokhlesur , Drury Douglas , Risso LeAnna , Gu April Z. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvestigations of the impact of solid residence time (SRT) on microbial ecology and performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process in full‐scale systems have been scarce due to the challenges in isolating and examining the SRT from other complex plant‐specific factors. This study performed a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of SRT on polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen‐accumulating organisms (GAOs) dynamics and on P removal performance at Clark County Water Reclamation District Facility in Las Vegas, USA. Five parallel treatment trains with separated clarifiers were operated with five different SRTs ranging from 6 to 40 days. Microbial community analysis using multiple molecular and Raman techniques suggested that the relative abundances and diversity of PAOs and GAOs in EBPR systems are highly affected by the SRT. The resultant EBPR system stability and performance can be potentially controlled and optimized by manipulating the system SRT, and shorter SRT (<10 days) seems to be preferred.Practitioner points

Phosphorus removal performance and kinetics are highly affected by the operational solid residence time (SRT), with lower and more stable effluent P level achieved at SRT < 10 days.

Excessive long SRTs above that needed for nitrification may harm EBPR performance; additionally, excessive long SRT may favor GAOs to dominate over PAOs and thus further reducing efficient use of rbCOD for EBPR.

Microbial population abundance and diversity, especially those functionally relevant PAOs and GAOs, can impact the P removal performances, and they are highly dependent on the operational solid residence time.

EBPR performance can be potentially controlled and optimized by manipulating the system SRT, and shorter SRT (≤10 days) seems to be preferred at the influent rbCOD/P ratio and environmental conditions as in the plant studied.
Advances of nanotechnology in osteochondral regeneration
Authors: Deng Cuijun , Xu Chang , Zhou Quan , Cheng Yu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the past few decades, nanotechnology has proven to be one of the most powerful engineering strategies. The nanotechnologies for osteochondral tissue engineering aim to restore the anatomical structures and physiological functions of cartilage, subchondral bone, and osteochondral interface. As subchondral bone and articular cartilage have different anatomical structures and the physiological functions, complete healing of osteochondral defects remains a great challenge. Considering the limitation of articular cartilage to self‐healing and the complexity of osteochondral tissue, osteochondral defects are in urgently need for new therapeutic strategies. This review article will concentrate on the most recent advancements of nanotechnologies, which facilitates chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation for osteochondral regeneration. Moreover, this review will also discuss the current strategies and physiological challenges for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue. Specifically, we will summarize the latest developments of nanobased scaffolds for simultaneously regenerating subchondral bone and articular cartilage tissues. Additionally, perspectives of nanotechnology in osteochondral tissue engineering will be highlighted. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest trends in cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration, paving the way for nanotechnologies in osteochondral tissue engineering.This article is categorized under:Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and ImplantsNanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in BiologyImplantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Flow units and rock type for reservoir characterization in carbonate reservoir: case study, south of Iraq
Authors: Al-Jawad Sameer Noori , Saleh Afrah Hassan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe current work is focused on the rock typing and flow unit classification for reservoir characterization in carbonate reservoir, a Yamama Reservoir in south of Iraq (Ratawi Field) has been selected, and the study is depending on the logs and cores data from five wells which penetrate Yamama formation. Yamama Reservoir was divided into twenty flow units and rock types, depending on the Microfacies and Electrofacies Character, the well logs pattern, Porosity–Water saturation relationship, flow zone indicator (FZI) method, capillary pressure analysis, and Porosity–Permeability relationship (R35) and cluster analysis method. Four rock types and groups have been identified in the Yamama formation depending on the FZI method, where the first group represents the bad reservoir quality (FZI-1) (Mudstone Microfacies and Foraminiferal wackestone Microfacies), the second group reflects a moderate quality of reservoir (FZI-2) (Algal wackestone–Packstone Microfacies and Bioclastic wackestone–Packstone Microfacies), the third group represents good reservoir quality (FZI-3) (Peloidal Packstone–Grainstone Microfacies), and the fourth group represents a very good reservoir quality (FZI-4) (Peloidal–oolitic Grainstone Microfacies). Capillary pressure curves and cluster analysis methods show four different rock types: a very good quality of reservoir and porous (Mega port type) (FZI-4) (Peloidal–oolitic Grainstone Microfacies) with a low irreducible Water saturation (Swi), good quality of reservoir and porous (Macro port type) (FZI-3) (Peloidal Packstone–Grainstone Microfacies), moderate quality of reservoir (Meso port type) (FZI-2) (Algal wackestone–Packstone Microfacies and Bioclastic wackestone–Packstone Microfacies), and a very fine-grained with bad reservoir quality (Micro port type) (FZI-1) (Mudstone Microfacies and Foraminiferal wackestone Microfacies) and with the higher displacement of pressure). These capillary pressure curves support the subdivision of the main reservoir unit to flow units.
Inertial torques and a symmetry breaking orientational transition in the sedimentation of slender fibres
Authors: Roy Anubhab , Hamati Rami J. , Tierney Lydia , Koch Donald L. , Voth Greg A. 
Published: July 2019

Experimental measurements of the force and torque on freely settling fibres are compared with predictions of the slender-body theory of Khayat & Cox (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 209, 1989, pp. 435–462). Although the flow is viscous dominated at the scale of the fibre diameter, fluid inertia is important on the scale of the fibre length, leading to inertial torques which tend to rotate symmetric fibres toward horizontal orientations. Experimentally, the torque on symmetric fibres is inferred from the measured rate of rotation of the fibres using a quasi-steady torque balance. It is shown theoretically that fibres with an asymmetric radius or mass density distribution undergo a supercritical pitch-fork bifurcation from vertical to oblique settling with increasing Archimedes number, increasing Reynolds number or decreasing asymmetry. This transition is observed in experiments with asymmetric mass density and we find good agreement with the predicted symmetry breaking transition. In these experiments, the steady orientation of the oblique settling fibres provides a means to measure the inertial torque in the absence of transient effects since it is balanced by the known gravitational torque.
The decay of isotropic turbulence carrying non-spherical finite-size particles
Authors: Schneiders Lennart , Fröhlich Konstantin , Meinke Matthias , Schröder Wolfgang 
Published: July 2019

Direct particle–fluid simulations of heavy spheres and ellipsoids interacting with decaying isotropic turbulence are conducted. This is the rigorous extension of the spherical particle analysis in Schneiders et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 819, 2017, pp. 188–227) to $O(10^{4})$ non-spherical particles. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first particle-resolved study on turbulence modulation by non-spherical particles of near-Kolmogorov-scale size. The modulation of the turbulent flow is precisely captured by explicitly resolving the stresses acting on the fluid–particle interfaces. The decay rates of the fluid and particle kinetic energy are found to increase with the particle aspect ratio. This is due to the particle-induced dissipation rate and the direct transfer of kinetic energy, both of which can be substantially larger than for spherical particles depending on the particle orientation. The extra dissipation rate resulting from the translational and rotational particle motion is quantified to detail the impact of the particles on the fluid kinetic energy budget and the influence of the particle shape. It is demonstrated that the previously derived analytical model for the particle-induced dissipation rate of smaller particles is valid for the present cases albeit these involve significant finite-size effects. This generic expression allows us to assess the impact of individual inertial particles on the local energy balance independent of the particle shape and to quantify the share of the rotational particle motion in the kinetic energy budget. To enable the examination of this mechanistic model in particle-resolved simulations, a method is proposed to reconstruct the so-called undisturbed fluid velocity and fluid rotation rate close to a particle. The accuracy and robustness of the scheme are corroborated via a parameter study. The subsequent discussion emphasizes the necessity to account for the orientation-dependent drag and torque in Lagrangian point-particle models, including corrections for finite particle Reynolds numbers, to reproduce the local and global energy balance of the multiphase system.
Workplace smoking restrictions and support for smoking cessation in the USA: state, region, and overall trends from 2010–11 to 2014–15
Authors: Mai Yujiao , Ha Trung , Soulakova Julia N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe discuss the most recent changes in smoking policies and support for smoking cessation offered to smokers at US workplaces. We used reports of employed adults (n = 112,008) regarding smoking restrictions and support for smoking cessation offered at their indoor workplaces from the 2010–11 and 2014–15 Tobacco Use Supplement–Current Population Survey. The percentage of adults who reported having workplace smoking restrictions was 94% in 2010–11 and 93% in 2014–15 (P = 0.001). There was a decrease in the Northeastern region (P < 0.001) and no significant changes in the other three US regions. The percentages decreased in Hawaii, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee and increased in Indiana, Nebraska, and Wyoming. The percentage of employees who reported having workplace support for smoking cessation increased from 24% to 29% (P < 0.001), which was uniform across all US regions but differed across the US states. The percentages decreased in Hawaii and increased in the majority of states. Analysis of smokers' reports (versus all reports) resulted in lower percentages of workplaces with smoking restrictions and support for smoking cessation. It is essential to further enhance support for smoking cessation offered to smokers at US workplaces.
Radiocarbon Dating of Legacy Music Instrument Collections: Example of Traditional Indian Vina from the Musée De La Musique, Paris
Authors: Durier M G , Bruguière P , Hatté C , Vaiedelich S , Gauthier C , Thil F , Tisnérat-Laborde N 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough radiocarbon (14C) dating is commonly used for archeological music instruments, little research has been conducted on modern instruments (16th–19th centuries). New technology, based on the Mini Carbon Dating System (MICADAS), enables some of the recurring challenges (e.g. sampling size) to be circumvented and paves the way for a new field of investigation. We here address the Indian instrumentarium, about which very little is known. We investigate the making and the restoration phases of two vina, a kinnari vina (E.1444), and a rudra vina or bin (E.997.24.1). By comparing 14C measurements made on several samplings of elements of the instruments with museological information, we were able to specify a unique calibrated interval of ages [1666 AD–1690 AD] for the kinnari vina, with a restoration phase [1678 AD–1766 AD] for the upper nut. The bin is likely attributed to the [1650 AD–1683 AD] interval.
Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Analysis of Atmospheric Methane: A New Preconcentration and Purification Setup
Authors: Espic C , Liechti M , Battaglia M , Paul D , Röckmann T , Szidat S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMethane contributes substantially to global warming as the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Radiocarbon (14C) measurements of atmospheric methane can be used as a source apportionment tool, as they allow distinction between thermogenic and biogenic methane sources. However, these measurements remain scarce due to labor-intensive methods required. A new setup for the preparation of atmospheric methane samples for radiocarbon analysis is presented. The system combines a methane preconcentration line with a preparative gas chromatography technique to isolate pure methane samples for a compound-specific radiocarbon analysis. In order to minimize sample preparation time, we designed a simplified preconcentration line for the extraction of methane from 50 L atmospheric air, which corresponds to 50 µg C as required for a reliable14C analysis of methane-derived CO2gas measurement with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The system guarantees a quantitative extraction of methane from atmospheric air samples for14C analysis, with a good repeatability and a low processing blank. The setup was originally designed for the measurement of samples with low methane concentrations, but it can also be adapted to apportion sources from environmental compartments with high methane levels such as freshwaters or wetlands.
Response to H. Floris Cohen's essay review on Newtonian scholarship
Authors: Feingold Mordechai 
Published: July 2019

Long ago, George Sarton set down criteria for reviewers. In addition to insisting on the need to compose ‘faithful’ reviews, he cautioned against four types of unfit reviewers: the ‘egoist’, the ‘obscure’ reviewer, the one who is noncommittal, and the pedantic critic. Unfortunately, Cohen's review comes short on several counts. Cohen writes that he intends to examine what is ‘new’ in the three books he reviews, and whether the results therein contained are ‘worth learning’ (p. 687). Cohen denies being given to ‘misplaced hero worship’, insisting that his sole aim is to assess whether ‘scholarly novelty’ (p. 693) has been attained. Nevertheless, given his repeated rebuke of the authors under review for ‘failing to refer back to [Richard] Westfall's work’ on Newton – now nearly half a century old – it seems that he grounded his critique principally on Westfall's interpretation.