bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scope of the Willful Ignorance Doctrine (II)
Authors: Sarch Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that willful ignorance involves breaching a duty to reasonably inform oneself, and the equal culpability thesis holds when one breaches it in a sufficiently serious way before doing the actus reus. This chapter thus offers a limited defense of the equal culpability thesis. The chapter argues that the willful ignorance doctrine requires reform. To remain faithful to the courts’ “traditional rationale” for this doctrine, knowledge should not be imputed in just any case of willful ignorance (as many courts allow), but only when one’s willful ignorance rendered one’s conduct as culpable as the analogous knowing wrong. Identifying a defensible version of the equal culpability thesis thus places constraints on the proper application of the willful ignorance doctrine. The chapter then discusses how to formulate workable willful ignorance jury instructions that also lower the risk of injustice.
Iterated Reckless Ignorance as a Substitute for Knowledge
Authors: Sarch Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Previous chapters have been concerned mainly with willful ignorance—which, paradigmatically, is to violate the duty to reasonably inform oneself about a suspected inculpatory proposition with the intention of preserving one’s ignorance. But one also might fail to inform oneself about one’s suspicions with other mens rea: one might do so while reckless or negligent with respect to the fact that one will remain in ignorance. Such lesser breaches of one’s investigatory duties can be culpable too. However, the existing willful ignorance doctrine does not reach these lesser forms of culpable ignorance. That is a problem. This chapter argues not only that it would be good for courts to go beyond the existing willful ignorance doctrine, but that they are committed to doing so. The law allows willful ignorance to substitute for knowledge on the theory that acting with the former can be culpable to the same degree and in the same way as acting with the latter. Accordingly, the law is committed also to allowing certain forms of egregious nonwillful ignorance—most importantly, reckless ignorance—to substitute for knowledge, provided the conditions of equal culpability are met.
People
Authors: Budasz Rogério 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter concerns the activity of professionals connected with the casas da ópera and the various specializations involved in providing theatrical entertainment to the urban population of Portuguese America. Individual sections focus on singers and actors, music directors, music instructors, instrumentalists, choreographers, dancers, stage producers, playwrights, and managers. The largest section, dealing with singers and actors, raises a variety of issues related to social mobility, training, race, gender, and trans-Atlantic circulation of artists. Lengthier discussions address prevalent practices of cross-dressing onstage, the social status of artists in Portuguese America, the role of mixed-race artists in the performing arts in the colony, perceptions and social mobility of female singers, and controversies regarding religious and secular authorities. This chapter also updates biographical data of several artists, some of them previously unknown in musicological research.
The Symbolism of the Tragic
Authors: Toly Noah J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that modern environmental thought has consistently been preoccupied with the tragic. Drawing upon the work of Paul Ricoeur, the chapter explores the ways in which common themes in modern environmental thought symbolize the need to give up, undermine, or destroy one or more goods in order to possess one or more other goods. Specifically, scarcity (which has preoccupied modern environmental thought from its beginnings), tragedy (as explored in literature on the tragedy of the commons), and risk (a measure of the likelihood that certain costs will be incurred) each simultaneously illuminate and mask aspects of our relationship to the tragic.
The Macondoization of the World
Authors: Toly Noah J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that globalization has made possible both environmental catastrophe, as symbolized by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, and attempts to grasp and manage environmental change at the global level. Governing global environmental challenges in the face of the tragic requires some good by which we may discriminate between competing and often incommensurable goods, some mechanism for apprehending the tragic, justifying certain choices in the face of the tragic, and patterning or teaching acceptable responses to the tragic. The rise of religious imaginaries in global governance has opened the door further to religious ways of thinking about the tragic in global environmental governance.
The Cruciform Imaginary
Authors: Toly Noah J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of social imaginaries in revealing the tragic, justifying responses to the tragic, and patterning legitimate courses of action in the face of the tragic. It examines the rise of religious imaginaries, in particular, as frameworks for environmental thought and governance. Finally, drawing upon the work of Dietrrich Bonhoeffer, the chapter sketches the contours of a religious imaginary by which we might apprehend the tragic, justify certain choices in the face of the tragic, and pattern or teach appropriate responses to the tragic. This “cruciform imaginary” encourages us to bear the costs of the tragic so that others might benefit from possessing or securing more goods at once.
The Benefits: New Goods
Authors: Diamond Arthur M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The value of innovative new goods is hard to measure, but can be seen in how people vote with their feet to live where there are innovative new goods. Among the most important new goods are cures for diseases, electric light, cars, washing machines, air conditioning, television, and computers. Cures for disease are especially important because they are primary goods that are needed for pursuing almost any life plan. The grandson of John D. Rockefeller, the richest person ever to live, died of scarlet fever because medical invention and entrepreneurship had not yet created Prontosil. Washing machines reduce time spent in routine drudgery. Air conditioning aids health, and allows the mental sharpness needed for pursuing creative and challenging life plans. Cars increase safety and control of travel times and companions. Some goods, such as Ray Kurzweil’s optical character recognition (OCR) machine, enables the blind to read regular books.
Easing the Pains of Labor
Authors: Diamond Arthur M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The worst labor-market fears about innovative dynamism are either unjustified or can be allayed by better policies. Except during the depths of recessions, more jobs are created than destroyed. Job loss is usually gradually and often can be foreseen. The pains of labor can be reduced through policies that avoid repeating the Great Depression or the Crisis of 2008. The pains can be further reduced by fostering more robustly redundant job markets, such as in Silicon Valley, where most workers can quickly and easily find new jobs. Some innovative entrepreneurs succeed at turning their startups into the fast-growing gazelles that create most of the new jobs in the economy. Redundant job markets can be fostered by minimizing regulations on the gazelles, and by reducing the credentialism exemplified by occupational licensing. Robots and artificial intelligence are not to be feared because they are more complements than substitute for human labor.
Funding Inventors
Authors: Diamond Arthur M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Since breakthrough inventions are costly, hard, and precarious, patents can be fair rewards for invention and can provide funding to enable future inventions. The funding widens the opportunity to invent, as illustrated by the tinkering working-class inventors who developed and applied steam power in Britain in the Industrial Revolution, and who later invented many of the agricultural and manufacturing tools and processes in the United States in the 1800s. Working-class inventors could hire patent agents, for modest fees, to help with the legal paperwork. Later, important breakthrough inventors such as Thomas Edison and Dean Kamen depended on patents of earlier inventions to fund their later inventions. Patent reforms can counter flaws (such as costly frivolous litigation) in the current patent system. Invention can also be encouraged by private institutional innovations, following the examples of micropayments for web content, and patent pools by firms such as Intellectual Ventures.
Funding Entrepreneurs
Authors: Diamond Arthur M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
At the key early stage of most breakthrough innovations, when innovative ideas are hardest to communicate and most widely doubted, the innovations will be largely self-funded through job income, mortgage loans, or family investments. Many examples illustrate early self-funding, including Walt Disney, Frederic Tudor, Soichiro Honda, Steve Jobs, and Harold Hamm. Self-funding remains important at later stages of growth of the entrepreneurial firm because it allows the original innovative entrepreneur to maintain the enough control to continue innovating. This is especially important for project entrepreneurs. Centrally planned funders, such as MITI in Japan or DARPA in the United States, are unlikely to be the main agents of breakthrough innovations. Self-funding is easier to achieve when taxes are limited. The garage is the symbol of the importance of self-funding, where the inventor does not need to ask permission to invent, and the entrepreneur does not need to ask permission to innovate.
Introduction
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Boettke Peter J. , Tarko Vlad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The introduction sets up the stage for the rest of the book by asking a series of key questions: Does classical liberalism entail a systematic framework of principles regarding public governance? If so, what are its broad recommendations and how does this perspective differ from other, more well-known perspectives on public administration? Classical liberalism accepts a wide range of collective arrangements and activities ranging from certain types of regulation to the provision of specific public goods and even to specific welfare policies. As such, the question arises, within the range of government activities accepted as legitimate, or at least not entirely beyond the pale, what are the particular classical-liberal views on the instruments and procedures of the administration of collective affairs? What kind of doctrine of governance and public administration does classical liberalism inspire? Is it possible to reconstruct or piece together such a position using the existing literature and practice?
Public Choice, Public Administration, and Self-Governance
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Boettke Peter J. , Tarko Vlad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 illuminates the specific nature of the synthesis attempted by the Ostroms’ and their associates and discusses the successes as well as the failures of their endeavors. Their effort to promote the public choice perspective in public administration, and the public administration perspective in public choice and to advance on that basis a paradigm change (from “bureaucratic public administration” to “democratic public administration”) is presented as a reference point, a model and case study entailing several lessons about the nature and limits of such endeavors. The chapter also builds upon the work of Michael Spicer, a remarkable author who has kept alive this type of approach in the field of public administration by combining public choice and knowledge process theory, long after the initial effect of the Ostroms’ efforts faded.
Heterogeneity, Co-production, and Polycentric Governance
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Boettke Peter J. , Tarko Vlad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 elaborates the conceptual framework and the apparatus emerging from the Ostroms’ efforts, especially the pivotal notion of polycentricity, as a unifying and organizing framework or principle for governance theorizing. First, it explicitly articulates the elements of a theory of value heterogeneity as a foundational component of the entire approach. Then it proceeds to clarify a technical ambiguity in the construction of the co-production model that connects the domain of individual subjective values with the domain of institutions and social order. Third, in light of first two points, the discussion reconsiders the issue of polycentricity, the capstone of the Ostromian system. The chapter advances a fresh elaboration of the notion of polycentrism, seem as a solution both to the co-production problem and to the problems of social choice in conditions of deep heterogeneity, emphasizing several critical features that pertain to its positive-analytical dimension.
Metropolitan Governance
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Boettke Peter J. , Tarko Vlad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 focuses on the problems of metropolitan governance, one of the first domains in which the polycentrism theoretical lenses were applied. The example of the police services is used as an overture, as the chapter revisits the field and the literature fifty years after the Ostroms engaged in the “metropolitan reform debate” and launched their program. From a normative standpoint, the underlying thesis is that, even when government is involved in the production of public services, the most efficient form of organization is not hierarchical but polycentric. The chapter uses the example of police services to illustrate. This is also one of the first domains in which the polycentrism theoretical lens was applied. The chapter elaborates this approach and presents new insights. The public choice institutionalist, polycentricity-based perspective gets thus to be applied, illustrated, and expounded at a concrete, applied level.
Eurydice and the Birth of Macedonian Power
Authors: Carney Elizabeth Donnelly 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Eurydice (c. 410–340s bce) played a part in the public life of ancient Macedonia, the first royal Macedonian woman known to have done so. She was the wife of Amyntas III, the mother of Philip II (and two other short-lived kings of Macedonia), and grandmother of Alexander the Great. Her career marked a turning point in the role of royal women in Macedonian monarchy, one that coincided with the emergence of Macedonia as a great power in the Hellenic world. This study examines the nature of her public role as well as the factors that contributed its expansion and the expansion of Macedonia. Some ancient sources picture Eurydice as a murderous adulteress willing to attempt the elimination of her husband and her three sons for the sake of her lover, whereas others portray her as a doting and heroic mother whose actions led to the preservation of the throne for her sons. Both traditions describe her as the leader of a faction, as well as an active figure at court and in international affairs. Eurydice also participated in the construction of the public image of the dynasty. Archaeological discoveries since the 1980s enable us to better understand this development.
Introduction
Authors: Carney Elizabeth Donnelly 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter begins with an overview of Eurydice’s career. It addresses the source problems connected to her life and considers the likely origin of these contradictory accounts. It provides a brief survey of the history of Macedonia prior to her lifetime. It discusses the nature of the kingdom of Macedonia and the character of its monarchy. It analyzes the pattern of succession to the throne within the Argead dynasty. It looks at the role of royal women in Macedonian monarchy, particularly as it related to royal polygamy. Finally, it focuses on royal mothers’ (and sisters’) function as succession advocates.
The Marriage of Eurydice and Her Husband’s Rule
Authors: Carney Elizabeth Donnelly 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter, after consideration of the preceding dynastic disarray and violence, begins with discussion of the reign of Amyntas III, the husband of Eurydice, and proceeds to Amyntas’ two known marriages. It notes the fundamental problems with chronology that characterize the period and the failures of Amyntas’ reign, particularly the issue of whether he was forced to flee his kingdom once or twice. It also assesses his achievements, chiefly increased dynastic stability, in the later stages of his reign. The chapter then discusses Amyntas’ marriages: he had three sons by Eurydice and three by Gygaea. This chapter argues that Amyntas was polygamous and Gygaea was likely the second of the two wives. Amyntas’ marriage to Eurydice was a political alliance, related to the Illyrian invasion of Macedonia, but whether Eurydice herself was partly Illyrian remains disputed because of the uncertain ethnic identity of her mysterious father Sirras. This chapter considers it likely that her father was Illyrian. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the possible reasons for the consecutive succession of each of Eurydice’s three sons and the failure of any of Gygaea’s sons to rule.
Eurydice and Her Sons
Authors: Carney Elizabeth Donnelly 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Our extant sources are full of contradictions and obscurities about Eurydice’s career. I will assess the available evidence relating to a series of questions about her public career and actions. Was she an adulterer? Was she the murderer (or would be murderer) of her husband and any of her sons? Who was the man named Ptolemy who played such an important part in her life and that of her sons? Did she marry Ptolemy? If she married him, when did she do so, in relation to what events? The chapter will conclude with a discussion of the nature, likely origin, and credibility of our extant sources and with a reflection on the role of fourth-century propaganda in what our extant sources say about Eurydice and an examination of Eurydice’s role as a political actor and faction leader during the 360s.
Not Just Play
Authors: Nadel Meryl , Scher Susan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Not Just Play: Summer Camp and the Profession of Social Work offers the only book written in many decades that focuses on the relationship between social work and the summer camp movement. Is camp just play or more? This volume responds with a comprehensive treatment of this underappreciated field of practice. In addition to updating their knowledge, social workers, students, and camp professionals will benefit froem the book’s exploration of many perspectives on this subject. The text features four sections. An introduction to underlying concepts is followed by a historical perspective on the profession’s significant involvement in the development of nonprofit camps. The third section examines ways in which social workers contribute to camps: providing skilled practitioners for a range of key roles, serving as venues for research and recruitment to the profession, and providing a milieu for growth through group membership. The concluding section explores the myriad of opportunities offered by today’s camps for social workers and social work students. Not Just Play offers several distinctive and unique features. Although scholarly research is a hallmark of the book, case vignettes are incorporated into many chapters. All comprise either first-person contributions or use primary source material. In addition, numerous quotations gathered from interviews and online questionnaires are incorporated into the text, many from well-known social workers citing the impact of their camp involvement. The book will inspire its readers to incorporate the peaceful, invigorating, growth experiences of summer camp and its environs with their client systems and—perhaps—themselves.
Resilience and the Strengths Perspective in Action
Authors: Nadel Meryl 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
“Resilience and the Strengths Perspective in Action” connects the summer camp experience to the strengths perspective and related concepts. Major principles of the strengths perspective, identified by Dennis Saleebey, are summarized. The constructs of risk factors and protective factors are reviewed in relation to the positive outcome of resilience. The strengths and resilience perspectives link to empowerment practice in social work as associated with Simon, Solomon, and Gutierrez. Positive youth development—often found in the youth services field—focuses on skill building, character development, health, and prevention. Michael Ungar suggests that camps can bolster resilience by identifying and meeting campers’ individualized needs. The milieu offered by camps described in later chapters embody these social work approaches as do few other settings.
Recruitment to the Profession
Authors: Nadel Meryl 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
“Recruitment to the Profession” discusses the key role that nonprofit camps have long played in the recruitment of new social workers. Early efforts were uneven and uncoordinated. During the 1950s and 1960s, shortages in the field impelled recruitment efforts, culminating in the National Commission for Social Work Careers and its recruitment committees. One such committee and its Summer Experience in Social Work Program are detailed. Camps provided paid summer jobs, supervision, a seminar class, and a final two-day workshop, all with the goal of testing interest in and potential for social work. Social Work Seminar, the recruitment program of Camp Wel-Met, is described. The camp experience along with social work values conveyed by camp staff often inspire or confirm a decision to enter the profession. The chapter concludes with reminiscences from social workers about camp experiences and their choice of social work as a career.
Camps for Many Populations
Authors: Nadel Meryl 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
“Camps for Many Populations” surveys the variety of camp settings in which social workers serve today. They include general population camps (and their inclusion and camper care programs) as well as specialized settings. Such specialized camps may focus on children from lower-income households, those with behavioral health concerns, children living with environmental stressors, a gender identity cohort, children living in out-of-home placements, those with physical and intellectual challenges, and children with medical conditions. A number of vignettes help to illustrate how social workers enhance the experience for campers grappling with a variety of situations.