bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic randomised trial of a smartphone app (NRT2Quit) to improve effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy in a quit attempt by improving medication adherence - results of a prematurely terminated study
Authors: Herbec Aleksandra , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion , West Robert , Raupach Tobias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) bought over the counter (OTC) appears to be largely ineffective for smoking cessation, which may be partially explained by poor adherence. We developed and evaluated the NRT2Quit smartphone app (for iOS) designed to improve quit attempts with OTC NRT by improving adherence to the medications.

Methods

A pragmatic double-blind randomized controlled trial with remote recruitment through leaflets distributed to over 300 UK-based community pharmacies. The study recruited adult daily smokers (≥10 cig/day) who bought NRT, wanted to quit smoking, downloaded NTR2Quit and completed the registration process within the app. Participants were automatically randomized within the app to the intervention (full) version of NRT2Quit or to its control (minimal) versions. The primary outcome was biochemically-verified 4-week abstinence assessed at 8-week follow-up using Russell Standard criteria and intention-to-treat. Bayes factors were calculated for the cessation outcome. Secondary outcomes were self-reported abstinence, NRT use, app use and satisfaction with the app.

Results

The study under-recruited with only 41 participants (3.5% of the target sample) randomly assigned to NRT2Quit (n=16) or the control (n=25) app versions between March 2015-September 2016. The follow-up rate was 51.2%. The intervention participants had numerically higher biochemically-verified quit rates (25.0% vs 8.0%, p=0.19, OR=3.83,0.61-24.02). The Bayes factor calculated was 1.92, suggesting anecdotal level of support for the hypothesis that the intervention app version aided cessation, but showed the data were insensitive. The intervention participants had higher median logins (2.5 vs. 0, p=0.01), were more likely to use NRT at follow-up (100.0% vs. 28.6%, p=0.03) and recommend NRT2Quit to others (100.0% vs. 28.6%, p=0.01).

Conclusions

Despite very low recruitment there was preliminary but inconclusive evidence that NRT2Quit may improve short-term abstinence and adherence among smokers using nicotine replacement therapy. Well-powered studies on NRT2Quit are needed, but different recruitment methods will be required to engage smokers through community pharmacies or other channels.
Identity of Industrial Cities
Authors: Hussein Haitham Aamer Mahmoud 
Published: March 2019

It is clear how the techonological developments along with globalization depleted the identity of civilizations and peoples, so it is necessary for the intellectuals and the artists to work hard in order to assure the identity of the cities. Such sacred goal could be achieved via increasing the people’s awareness.The identity of the cities will, directly, help in achieving the elevation and excellence of cities in order to maintain the uniqueness of their personalities and artwroks. In doing so, sublime values and morals, like the spirit of nationalism and patriotism of their people will be cultivated and harnessed. However, neglecting that may result in the dismantling of their identity accompanied by other sideaffects, like losing the cities’ historical, economic, political, social, religious or scientific identity.This study is analysing and comparing the models for a distinct identity of the industrial cities ranging from Egypt, Europe to America in the twentieth century until now. It also investigates if the contemporary arts have a role to assert a distinct identity of the industrial cities in this period of time or not. Art is the language of the place and the revealer of its identity. Statues in squares are a pulpit. Urban spaces help cultivating such language emphasizing of the culture of its residents and the policy of the responsible administrations. Technical works in the industrial cities represents the identity of the city, which is totally different than other cities. The identity of the industrial states is affected by several factors. Firstly, the cultural factors- where the establishments of culture and identity occur through arts, the awareness and understanding of the audience, and their tastes of the Arts. Secondly, the economic factors which cost and enrich the attraction of investors and manufacturers. Thirdly, the political factors assist the governments in seeking the elimination of the socisl problems concerning the political success. It is majorly perpetuauted by providing factories and living needs in these cities; leading to the negligience of the artsitic, social and moral factors. There should be a relationship between these borderlines and the used machinery to achieve compatibility between life circumstances and the beauty of the artwork.Drafting Fine artwork, and its impact on manufacturers' motivation and encouragement, by expression or symbolism or movement within the artwork, and the emphasis on the moral value of the work in gaining respect and dignity.Spatial limits : Egypt, Europe, America, and limiting the study to on one city from each.Time limits: from the twentieth century until now.
The Role of Identity of an Animated Character in the Story Line
Authors: Sobeih Soraia Mohamed 
Published: March 2019

The identity of an animated character means who he really is, or what are the characteristics that would never change? How the character sees himself and how others see him? It includes shape, color, race, beliefs, and choices in life.The more the storyteller gives identity to his animated character, the more it is sound and convincing. In that sense, it touches the audiences’ hearts as they feel its pain or happiness. In other words, they are involved in the story and united with the character.As the story begins, characters and settings are presented before the audience to get an overview of the characters’ identity. Then, more elements are to show up, like the conflict, the problem that needs to be solved and the rising actions, which are series of events that lead to the high main point or the climax. It is considered as a turning point of the story after which the falling actions come. The falling actions are events and complications that start to loosen the plot. Gradually, the solution shows up as the story ends either happily or tragically.Throughout the story line, these groups of events that form the story sometimes account for the appearance of an identity crisis that impact the character. It means that he is uncertain of his feelings about himself; he gets confused about what type of person he is or what is the true purpose of his life. It always takes making an existential that plays a big role in the story line.The identity crisis appear in Toy Story 1995 to Buzz light-year when he discovers the truth of himself; that he is a toy, not a space ranger as he thought before. This made him give up hope of returning anywhere. It took him sometime to accept the fact of himself after seeing how Woody struggles to return them both to Andy. He tries his best to save his friend and return home safely, as being dictated by the role’s vision.In Toy Story 2 1999, the identity crisis appear to Woody when Buzz strikes him with the fact that he is not a collector’s item. He is a child’s play thing, he is a toy. Then, a decision has to be made to return to Andy, and the struggles start with the Prospector.In Toy Story 3, 2010, the identity crisis appear to Woody at the end of the story. He was suffering to be away from all his toy family that will be left in the attic, so he wrote on the box to be donated and he attached himself in, with them hoping that Andy gives him a very warm goodbye and leaves him with the rest of the toys in good hands.In Finding Nemo 2003, the identity crisis for Nemo is when he chooses to touch the boat, even though it is a dangerous thing, just to prove to his father and his friends that he is brave. It led him to fall in the capture and to meet other fish.
Fine values for urban coordination in spaces of new communities of Economic Housing
Authors: Amer Muhammad Yunus Fekry 
Published: March 2019

The idea of this research was developed as a result of the new direction of urban development taking place in The Arab Republic of Egypt along with the emergence of new cities that mark a new age in Egypt’s modern history. This paper also highlights the importance of completing important national projects with the highest possible standards and least possible cost in order to satisfy the people’s needs.Egyptian artists have always excelled in the field of architecture as their creations are still present today and they all mark these architects’ interaction with the natural environment in terms of the materials used. These characteristics are now a way to distinguish Egyptian artists because of the different analyses carried out for the modes of movement, the intersection of lines, shapes, light, colors, and consistency along with the various cultural values that contribute to the enrichment of Egyptian history. There is a set of visual determinants and characteristics that are exclusive to every city, this, in turn, shows each city in its aesthetic form that distinguishes it from others. This is dependent on a group of environmental and design-based characteristics that are used when aesthetically designing a city. This is starting with its morphological model, which is concerned with the overall aesthetic design of the city, and ending with applying the values of the design of urban coordination of sites (Landscape), which is concerned with the design of public spaces. A good design is one that applies all the visual and aesthetic determinants needed for their formation.The concept of identity is considered one of those concepts that are hard to accurately explain, as it’s more of an ecological concept rather than a scientific one. Identity plays a leading role in the design of buildings that manage to reflect the environment which it’s in, as it is considered the main criterion for measuring the success of the community. On that basis, the identities of buildings are developed as a result of employing specific elements. The built environment therefore is an effective means through which the community can confirm its identity and distinguish itself among other communities.
Geographical Conditions and Cultural Tradition as Determinants in Sustaining Tourism Village Program Case Study Tourism Villages in Yogyakarta
Authors: Reni Vitasurya Vincentia , Hardiman Gagoek , Ratih Sari Suzanna 
Published: March 2019

Ecotourism, as a part of sustainable tourism, has been growing rapidly in Indonesia in many rural areas in Yogyakarta. This is because mass tourism changed the emphasis onto nature and cultural tourism so that rural tourism became interesting to tourists. This paper aims to study the development of rural tourism in Yogyakarta in terms of mileage, geographical conditions, period of growth and tourist attractions. Descriptive analysis is used to identify the influence factors based on distribution of location, historical factors, and cultural and geographical conditions in tourism villages in Yogyakarta. Rural tourism in Yogyakarta has been growing since the year 2000. The dominant attraction is related to cultural tourism based on community participation. Research results show that geographic condition and local cultural tradition, which support the traditional daily income of the local community, became the determinant factors in sustaining the touristic village of Yogyakarta.
Towards Strategic Planning Implementation for Egyptian Cities
Authors: Soliman Marwa Ahmed 
Published: March 2019

Strategic urban planning plays a real and significant role in the development of urban areas around the world. It helps mitigate the loss of lands and especially divert urban growth away from “agriculture lands”. It provides for improved and equal urban services and utilities as well as enhances local economics, livability and sustainability. This paper explores the importance of strategic planning and its role in sustainable development in addition to the importance of its implementation process. Case studies in Egypt are presented through a questionnaire with the local government with a group of 19 cities. We find that there are many problems associated with the implementation process, which have prevented the conversion of these plans into a reality.
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the concept of strategic planning and its process and to explain how Egypt is dealing with it. Secondly, this research aims to suggest a new implementation system that can solve the main implementation system’s problems in Egypt.
In conclusion, the paper identifies, through statistics, the perspectives of local government staff in Egypt about the preparation and implementation of the strategic plans, including proposed solutions and the opportunity of community participation.
Kinetics and mechanism of Mn2+ removal from groundwater using iron–manganese co-oxide filter film
Authors: Guo Yingming , Zhang Jianmin , Chen Xi , Yang Jing , Huang Jianxiong , Huang Tinglin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo shorten the ripening period of filter sand, iron–manganese co-oxide filter film (MeOx) was formed quickly on the virgin quartz sand surface by oxidizing Mn2+ and Fe2+ from groundwater using KMnO4 continuously. After the start-up period, we found that Mn2+ could be removed efficiently by MeOx, even if the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the influent was only about 1.0–1.5 mg/L. This means that the removal process of Mn2+ does not need to consume DO. The kinetic experiments for Mn2+ indicated that the adsorption and oxidation kinetics followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The film (MeOx) was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All manganese adsorbed on the surface of the sand was the oxidized form, and the manganese oxide coated onto the sand effectively oxidized Mn2+ to Mn3+ or Mn4+. The binding energy of the observed photoelectron peaks of O(1s) showed the existence of [≡Mn-OH] on the surface of the film by XPS, which might be a key intermediate in the mechanism of Mn2+ oxidation. Finally, a chemical catalytic oxidation mechanism for Mn2+ removal was proposed by the analysis of the oxidation process.
Evaluation of phytotoxicity of effluents from activated sludge and constructed wetland system for wastewater reuse
Authors: Leiva Ana María , Albarrán Adrián , López Daniela , Vidal Gladys 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of wastewater treated with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) and activated sludge (AS) system using disinfection treatment such chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) system. To assess the impact of the reuse of different effluents (HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV), bioassays using seeds of Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) and Triticum aestivum (T. aestivum), were performed on both Petri dishes and soil. Different treated wastewater concentrations were varied (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and the percentage of germination inhibition (PGI), percentage of epicotyl elongation (PEE) and germination index (GI) were determined. Positive effects (PGI and PEE &lt;0% and GI &gt;80%) of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV effluents on germination and epicotyl elongation of R. sativus and T. aestivum were observed in Petri dishes bioassays. However, toxic effects of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV and AS-Cl on seeds germination and epicotyl elongation of both plant species were detected in soil samples (PGI and PEE &gt;0% and GI &lt;80%). Only R. sativus seeds to be irrigated with AS-UV achieved GI values above 86% for all concentrations evaluated. These results indicated that AS-UV effluent had a positive effect on seeds germination and can be recommended for treated wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation.
Combined Amelioration of Ginsenoside (Rg1, Rb1, and Rg3)-enriched Korean Red Ginseng and Probiotic Lactobacillus on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kim Jin-Chul , Jeon Joo-Yeong , Yang Woong-suk , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Eom Dae-Woon 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Red ginseng is a traditional medicine that has been used to treat numerous
metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Probiotic administration has been established to have beneficial
effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to determine
whether a combination of Korean red ginseng (KRG) and probiotics could synergistically reduce
NAFLD and liver inflammation compared with the effects reported for each individual product.

Method:
db/db and C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet and high-fat diet (HFD), respectively,
and were treated with KRG, probiotics, or both. Samples were examined for lipid content, kinase protein
phosphorylation, and gene expression patterns.

Results:
KRG- and probiotic-treated HFD-fed mice exhibited a reduction in body weight and a decrease
in inflammatory cytokine secretion compared with the non-treated control mice. The same
treatment was less successful in improving NAFLD parameters in the db/db mice while the combination
of both products did not enhance their therapeutic potential.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate that KRG and probiotics administration ameliorated
NAFLD symptoms in a mouse model of dyslipidemia by reducing weight gain and liver inflammation.
Coadministration of both products did not enhance their efficacy, and further research should be conducted
to clarify their mechanisms of action.
Coumarin Hybrids: Promising Scaffolds in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bhatia Rohit , Rawal Ravindra K. 
Published: March 2019

:
Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, and the second main cause of
deaths in women, after lung cancer. There is continuous advancement in the development of therapeutic
agents against breast cancer in recent years and it is still in progress. Development of hybrid molecules
by combining different pharmacophores to obtain significant biological activity is an excellent
approach. Coupling of coumarin scaffold with other distinct motifs has led to the design of newer
compounds against breast cancer. These distinct pharmacophores possess a diverse mode of action as
well as selectivity. It has been reported in the literature that coumarin hybrids possess significant
potency against breast cancer by binding to various biological targets which are associated with
breast cancer. Due to low toxicity profile on various organ systems, coumarin hybrids have nowadays
attracted the keen attention of researchers to explore their therapeutic ability against breast
cancer. Reported coumarin hybrids include coupling with isoxazole, thiazole, monastrol, chalcone,
triazole, sulphonamide, triphenylethylene, benzimidazole, pyran, imidazole, stilbene, oestrogen,
phenylsulphonylfuroxan, etc. In the present review, a description of various coumarin hybrid molecules
has been presented along with their structural-activity relationships.
Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed with Anti-Leukemic Activity: A Mini-Review on Carotenoids and Phlorotannins
Authors: Almeida Tânia P. , Ramos Alice A. , Ferreira Joana , Azqueta Amaya , Rocha Eduardo 
Published: March 2019

:
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) represents 15-20% of all new cases of leukemia and is
characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal myeloid cells. Currently, the first-line of
treatment involves Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), which specifically inhibits the activity of the fusion
protein BCR-ABL. However, resistance, mainly due to mutations, can occur. In the attempt to
find more effective and less toxic therapies, several approaches are taken into consideration such as research
of new anti-leukemic drugs and “combination chemotherapy” where different drugs that act by
different mechanisms are used. Here, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms of CML, the main
mechanisms of drug resistance and current strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of TKIs in
CML. Despite major advances in CML treatment, new, more potent anticancer drugs and with fewer
side effects are needed. Marine organisms, and particularly seaweed, have a high diversity of bioactive
compounds with some of them having anticancer activity in several in vitro and in vivo models. The
state-of-art suggests that their use during cancer treatment may improve the outcome. We reviewed
here the yet few data supporting anti-leukemic activity of some carotenoids and phlorotannins in some
leukemia models. Also, strategies to overcome drug resistance are discussed, particularly the combination
of conventional drugs with natural compounds.
Glucose Oxidase- and UVA-Induced Changes in the Expression Patterns of Seven De-sumoylation Enzymes (SENPs) Are Associated with Cataract Development
Authors: Xiang Jia-Wen , Xiao Yuan , Gan Yuwen , Chen Huimin , Liu Yunfei , Wang Ling , Nie Qian , Liu Fangyuan , Gong Xiaodong , Fu Jia-Ling , Qing Wen-Jie , Yang Lan , Xie Jie , Luo Zhongwen , Qi Ruili , Chen Zhigang , Li David Wan-Cheng 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
It has been well established that sumoylation acts as an important
regulatory mechanism that controls many different cellular processes. We and others
have shown that sumoylation plays an indispensable role during mouse eye
development. Whether sumoylation is implicated in ocular pathogenesis remains to be
further studied. In the present study, we have examined the expression patterns of the
de-sumoylation enzymes (SENPs) in the in vitro cataract models induced by glucose
oxidase and UVA irradiation.

Methods:
Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used in our experiments. Lenses were
carefully dissected out from mouse eyes and cultured in M199 medium for 12 hours.
Transparent lenses (without surgical damage) were selected for experimentation. The
lenses were exposed to UVA for 60 min or treated with 20 mU/mL glucose oxidase (GO)
to induce cataract formation. The mRNA levels were analyzed with qRT-PCR. The
protein levels were determined with western blot analysis and quantitated with Image J.

Results:
GO treatment and UVA irradiation can induce cataract formation in lens
cultured in vitro. GO treatment significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels for SENPs
from 50% to 85%; on the other hand, expression of seven SENP proteins under GO
treatment appeared in 3 situations: upregulation for SENP1, 2 and 6; downregulation for
SENP 5 and 8; and unchanged for SENP3 and 7. UVA irradiation upregulates the
mRNAs for all seven SENPs; In contrast to the mRNA levels for 7 SENPs, the
expression levels for 6 SENPs (SENP1-3, 5-6 and 8) appeared down-regulated from
10% to 50%, and only SENP7 was slightly upregulated.

Conclusion:
Our results for the first time established the differentiation expression
patterns of 7 de-sumoylation enzymes (SENPs) under treatment by GO or UVA, which
provide preliminary data to link sumoylation to stress-induced cataractogenesis.