bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Styk1 is specifically expressed in NK1.1+ lymphocytes including NK, γδ T, and iNKT cells in mice, but is dispensable for their ontogeny and function
Authors: Wilharm Anneke , Sandrock Inga , Marotel Marie , Demera Abdi , Naumann Ronald , Walzer Thierry , Prinz Immo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInnate T cells, NK cells, and innate‐like lymphocytes (ILCs) share transcriptional signatures that translate into overlapping developmental and functional programs. A prominent example for genes that are highly expressed in NK cells but not in ILCs is serine‐threonine‐tyrosine kinase 1 (Styk1 encoded by Styk1). We found Styk1 to be specifically expressed in lymphocytes positive for Killer cell lectin‐like receptor subfamily B, member 1, also known as CD161 or NK1.1, i.e. in NK cell, αβ iNKT, and γδ NKT cell lineages. To investigate the role of Styk1 in the development and function of NK1.1+ innate T‐cell subsets, we generated and analyzed a novel Styk1null mutant mouse line. Furthermore, we validated Styk1 expression in γδ NKT cells and in thymic, but not in peripheral invariant αβ iNKT cells through ex vivo analysis of a concomitantly generated transgenic Styk1 reporter mouse line. Despite the very specific expression of Styk1 in NK cells, γδ NKT cells, and thymic αβ iNKT, its absence did not alter homeostasis and function of these lineages. Thus, Styk1 expression is specific for NK cells and selected NK‐like innate T‐cell subsets, but dispensable for their development and function.
A Petri Net Approach to Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Modeling
Authors: Edhlund Ian , Lee Cindy 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling enables researchers to predict internal tissue concentrations for various species exposed to exogenous compounds through different routes at varying concentrations without having to run in vivo experiments for each scenario. Parameters for the models may be gathered from in vivo or in vitro measurements, cross-species or cross-chemical extrapolations, literature reviews, or other models. The PBTK models, described using ordinary differential equations (ODEs), are then simulated using these parameters for a given compound/exposure/species scenario. Although they are potentially useful for regulatory toxicology, the complexity of ODE programming and simulation remains a barrier for many would-be researchers. Petri nets, a graphical modeling framework, offers a more intuitive approach to PBTK modeling. To demonstrate their utility and ease of use, we present a model of waterborne fluoranthene exposure to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) written and simulated in Snoopy, a graphical Petri net development and simulation software package. We converted an existing ODE PBTK model and evaluated the Petri net model against the ODE model results. The simulated tissue concentrations of the Petri net model closely mirrored the simulated concentrations of the ODE model. To convert the ODE model to a Petri net model, we introduced a new parameter, blood volume (V BLOOD). Sensitivity analysis found V BLOOD to be very robust when varied over an order of magnitude. The resulting Petri net PBTK model has a number of advantages over ODE models, while maintaining equivalent predictive functionality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1–10. © 2019 SETAC
Understanding the Time‐Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Bimodal Nanoporous Si–Mg Films via Nanoindentation
Authors: Maxwell Tyler L. , Balk Thomas John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study addresses the mechanical response of nanoporous Si–Mg films, which are fabricated using free‐corrosion dealloying and which represent an intriguing form of silicon that may find use as an anode material in lithium‐ion batteries. The porous thin‐film samples, in both the as‐dealloyed and annealed states, are designed to have a final thickness of ≈1 µm so that substrate effects can be avoided during mechanical characterization in both the time and frequency domains. The as‐dealloyed and annealed samples are investigated using a modified continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) technique that optimizes the ability to achieve steady‐state harmonic motion, such that accurate phase angle measurements can be obtained; the as‐dealloyed and annealed samples exhibit distinct phase angles of 1.9° and 2.6°, respectively. Observations made in the time domain suggest that the time dependence of nanoporous Si–Mg stems largely from plasticity. The reduced modulus values of as‐dealloyed and annealed samples are investigated using the CSM technique and have corresponding values of 5.78 and 11.9 GPa, respectively. Similarly, the hardness of as‐dealloyed and annealed samples are 167 and 250 MPa, respectively.
Unique mutation patterns in anaplastic thyroid cancer identified by comprehensive genomic profiling
Authors: Khan Saad A. , Ci Bo , Xie Yang , Gerber David E. , Beg Muhammad S. , Sherman Steven I. , Cabanillas Maria E. , Busaidy Naifa L. , Burtness Barbara A. , Heilmann Andreas M. , Bailey Mark , Ross Jeffrey S. , Sher David J. , Ali Siraj M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly aggressive thyroid cancer. Those ATC with genomic alterations (GAs) in TSC2, ALK, and BRAF may respond to targeted therapies.MethodsComprehensive genomic profiling on 90 ATC specimens identified base substitutions, short insertions and deletions, amplifications, copy number alterations, and genomic rearrangements in up to 315 cancer‐related genes and 28 genes commonly rearranged in cancer.ResultsMedian patient age was 65 (range, 33‐86) years, 50 patients were male. There was a mean of 4.2 GA per case, range 1‐11. The most common GA were TP53 (66%), BRAF (34%), TERT (32%), CDKN2A (32%), and NRAS (26%). BRAF V600E and NRAS/HRAS/KRAS alteration were mutually exclusive. BRAF, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, and JAK2 were more frequent in patients >70 years of age; while myc, PTEN, and NRAS were more common in those ≤50 years.ConclusionATC shows many GA with potential therapeutic significance and suggesting different molecular pathways can lead to ATC.
Resected specimen size: A reliable predictor of severe Frey syndrome after parotidectomy
Authors: Lin Hung‐Ju , Hsiao Jenn‐Ren , Chang Jeffrey S. , Hu Chi‐Lun , Chen Ting‐Rong , Lee Wei‐Ting , Huang Cheng‐Chih , Ou Chun‐Yen , Tsai Shu‐Wei , Lu Yu‐Cheng , Tsai Sen‐Tien , Chao Wen‐Yuan , Chang Chan‐Chi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFrey syndrome is a common complication after parotidectomy. This study aimed to investigate the potential predictors for developing severe Frey syndrome after parotidectomy and to identify patients who may benefit from additional preventive maneuvers.MethodsA total of 485 patients received parotidectomy because of parotid tumors at the Otolaryngology Department of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital, from July 2009 to November 2015. Only 115 of 485 patients were included in this study and to fill in a questionnaire to determine the occurrence and severity of Frey syndrome.ResultsA total of 115 parotidectomies were identified. 84 (73%, 84/115) patients were aware of the discomfort and were thus considered symptomatic. 39 (34%, 39/115) patients considered the symptoms apparently affected their quality of life. MSI tests showed that 56 (49%, 56/115) patients had a positive MSI test. By combining the results from symptom questionnaire and MSI test, 23 patients (20%, 23/115) had a severe form of Frey syndrome. Among all clinicopathological variables, the resected specimen size was the only significant predictor of the severe Frey syndrome group (P = 0.04). Disease pathology, tumor size, and adjuvant radiotherapy did not correlate with the severe Frey syndrome. Using receiver operating curve analysis, the best cutoff value of the resected specimen size (in largest dimension) for predicting severe Frey syndrome was 40 mm(sensitivity: 71.7%, specificity: 42.0%; area under the curve = 0.6483). The odds ratio of severe Frey syndrome with every 10 mm increase in the largest diameter of resected specimen was 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.68; P = 0.04).ConclusionsResected specimen size is the only significant predictor of developing severe Frey syndrome after parotidectomy. Preventive interventions may have to be considered in high‐risk patients whose resected specimen size (in largest dimension) is greater than 40 mm.
Low‐dose fludarabine and cyclophosphamide combined with standard dose rituximab (LD‐FCR) is an effective and safe regimen for elderly untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: The Israeli CLL study group experience
Authors: Herishanu Yair , Tadmor Tamar , Braester Andrei , Bairey Osnat , Aviv Ariel , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , Fineman Riva , Levi Itai , Yuklea Mona , Ruchlemer Rosa , Shvidel Lev , Polliack Aaron 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of elderly patients. The fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) regimen is considered the treatment of choice for young fit patients with CLL; however, this combination is toxic for older patients. At the time this study was first planned and initiated, there was no standard chemo‐immunotherapy regimen regarded as standard therapy for the less fit elderly patient with CLL. Here, we conducted a single‐arm, phase II trial to examine the efficacy and safety of lower‐dose fludarabine and cyclophosphamide combined with a standard dose of rituximab (LD‐FCR) in elderly patients with previously untreated CLL. Forty patients received LD‐FCR and were included in the efficacy analysis. Two patients treated with FC alone were only included in the safety analysis. The median age was 72.7 years (range, 65.0 to 85.0). The overall response and complete response rates were 67.5% and 42.5%, respectively. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 35.5 months (95% CI, 29.27‐41.67). Two patients (4.8%) died during the study period. Hematological toxicities and infections were the most common complications encountered; grade 3 to 4 treatment‐related neutropenia occurred in 20 (47.6%) patients. During the entire study follow‐up, 26 patients (61.9%) had all grades of infection including six (14.3%) with neutropenic fever and eight (19%) with grade 3 to 4 non‐neutropenic infections. In conclusion, LD‐FCR is an effective and relatively safe regimen for previously untreated patients with CLL. It has the advantage of being both “time and cost limited” and, even in the era of novel agents, can still be considered when planning treatment for elderly patients without high‐risk biomarkers. However, recent results in fit elderly patients using the combination of bendamustine and rituximab which have achieved longer PFS with good safety profile must be taken into consideration in this regard.
Popular Psychology Myths as a Frame for Character Analysis in High School English
Authors: Heron‐Hruby Alison , Johnson Lindsay Ellis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this classroom study, the authors examine the use of popular psychology myths as a frame for literary analysis in high school English. The study reflects a cultural studies approach to teaching that attends to students’ cultural awareness in interpreting what they read. Previous research has demonstrated that students’ cultural awareness, in general, offers a rich framework for literary interpretation. Students in an Advanced Placement junior English class wrote analytic essays in which they used popular psychology myths, pervasive cultural tropes about human behavior, to evaluate whether characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald ‘s novel The Great Gatsby perpetuate or challenge the myths. Analysis of the essays demonstrated that the myths provided a compelling frame for character analysis, prompting students to consider nuances in character behavior. Moreover, the analysis indicated that the myths offer a way for teachers to prompt students’ understanding of how readers and fiction authors can perpetuate or challenge simplistic notions of human behavior.
EGFR Signaling: Friend or Foe for Cartilage?
Authors: Qin Ling , Beier Frank 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTRecent studies using genetically modified mice, pharmacological approaches, and human samples have highlighted an important role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), selected ligands, and downstream components in endochondral bone formation and joint homeostasis. Although most data demonstrate an important function of this pathway in endochondral ossification and articular cartilage growth, conflicting results on its role in osteoarthritis have been reported. In some contexts, inactivation of EGFR signaling has been shown to protect joints from surgically induced osteoarthritis, whereas in others, similar manipulations worsened joint pathology. The current review summarizes recent studies of cartilage EGFR signaling in long bone development and diseases, provides potential explanations for the reported discrepancies, and suggests directions for future work to clarify the potential of this pathway as target for osteoarthritis treatment. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Pain, Flare‐Up, and Emotional Health in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Analyses of the International FOP Registry
Authors: Peng Ke , Cheung Kin , Lee Arielle , Sieberg Christine , Borsook David , Upadhyay Jaymin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra‐rare, inherited, connective tissue disease with ∼800 documented cases worldwide. The principal pathological feature of FOP is the transition of skeletal muscle, tendons, ligaments, and fascia into cartilage and bone. This heterotopic ossification (HO) is often preceded by painful soft tissue swellings or flare‐ups that may last several months. For many individuals, experiencing a flare‐up may represent a worsening of their condition and contribute to feelings of anxiety or suppressed affect, both of which are well‐recognized to exacerbate pain perception. To date, much remains unknown regarding the dynamics of pain and emotional health in FOP during flare‐up and also quiescent, non–flare‐up disease phases. In order to elucidate the occurrence and effect of pain in FOP, this study analyzed Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–based questionnaires completed by 99 patients participating in the international FOP Registry over a 30‐month period. We observed that although moderate to severe pain (≥4, 0 to 10 pain scale) was commonly associated with flare‐ups (56% to 67%), surprisingly, 30% to 55% of patients experienced similar pain levels during non–flare‐up states. In those patients reporting pain levels of ≥4, 45% to 74% of patients report experiencing anxiety, depression, or irritability, with 36% to 48% reporting emotional problems during no to mild pain states. Furthermore, independent of the flare‐up status, the severity of pain in FOP patients was found to be significantly anti‐correlated with emotional health, physical health, and overall quality‐of‐life. These findings strongly suggest the need for an improved understanding of pain and emotional health in FOP during flare‐up and quiescent periods. © 2019 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis With Galnt3 Mutation: Transient Response to Anti‐Interleukin‐1 Treatments
Authors: Dauchez Astrid , Souffir Camille , Quartier Pierre , Baujat Geneviève , Briot Karine , Roux Christian 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTHyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in genes involved in phosphate homeostasis and characterized by high serum phosphate concentration and occurrence of ectopic calcifications. Management of the disease includes lowering of phosphate concentration and, when clinically necessary, debulking surgery of calcifications. In addition, high inflammatory disease flares can occur. Our case is about a patient with GALNT3 mutation and several localizations of refractory calcinosis. Assuming HFTC acts like an auto‐inflammatory syndrome, we report the effect of anti‐interleukine‐1 therapies on the evolution of the disease. Anakinra (100 mg, then 200 mg subcutaneous daily) and canakinumab (300 mg every 4 weeks) were sequentially given to the patient. Anti‐IL‐1 therapy was effective in controlling inflammatory flares; however, it did not prevent extension of calcinosis. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ga2O3/TiO2 semiconductors free of noble metals for the photocatalytic hydrogen production in a water/methanol mixture
Authors: Navarrete Michelle , Cipagauta‐Díaz Sandra , Gómez Ricardo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundHydrogen gas (H2) has been identified as a potential energy source to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor has been widely used in photocatalysis. Doping of different semiconductor oxides into TiO2 has been documented to enhance its photocatalytic activity. In the present work, β‐Ga2O3/TiO2 (TG) photocatalysts for H2 production by water/methanol mixture decomposition have been synthesized by the sol–gel method varying the β‐Ga2O3 content (3%, 5% and 10% w/w). The catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, ultraviolet (UV)‐visible diffuse reflectance, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence analysis.ResultsAn excellent activity for H2 production under UV light (I0 = 2.0 mW cm–2, λ = 254 nm) was detected in TG composites. Experimental results indicated that the maximum H2 production rate was 1217 µmol g−1 during 5 h of reaction and the TG5 photocatalyst was observed to have a higher activity for photocatalytic H2 evolution than pure Ga2O3 and Pt/TiO2 (TPt) test material. Moreover, a possible mechanism of charge separation in the composite under UV light irradiation was proposed.ConclusionsThe H2 improved activity of TG5 can be attributed to low charge recombination of the e−‐h+ pairs that improves the interfacial charge transfer, which is in agreement with the photoluminescence study. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Vitamin D Supplementation in Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Leclair Timothy R. , Zakai Neil , Bunn Janice Y. , Gianni Michael , Heyland Daren K. , Ardren Sara S. , Stapleton Renee D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of vitamin D (VITD) supplementation during critical illness and whether it may alter outcomes, including mortality and ventilator‐free days, is unclear. We performed a retrospective cohort study in a generalizable population to investigate this question.MethodsWe included all mechanically ventilated adults admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) service at a tertiary center from 2009 to 2012 who were in the ICU for at least 72 hours. Patients were grouped as having received or not received VITD at any time during the first 7 days of their ICU stay, and we adjusted for the following covariates with multivariable analyses: simplified acute physiology score, age, gender, admission diagnosis, race/ethnicity, admission season, admission day of the week, and VITD supplementation prior to admission.ResultsAmong the 610 included patients, 281 received VITD, and 329 did not. There were no differences in outcomes between these groups. However, we did find significantly more ventilator‐free days (21.0±2.6 [adjusted mean days±standard error] vs 17.6±2.4, P=0.04) and ICU‐free days (18.5±2.5 vs 16.3±2.3, P=0.03) in patients who were taking VITD prior to admission (n=91) vs those who were not (n=519). No patients who were taking VITD before admission died vs 34.5% of those who were not (estimated odds ratio=4.9×10−7, 95% CI=3.1×10−7 to 7.5×10−7, P<0.0001).ConclusionThese results suggest that VITD supplementation during critical illness may not provide benefit and that further research investigating potential supplementation in ambulatory patients at high risk of ICU admission (eg, severe underlying chronic disease) is warranted.
Outcomes of carotid‐sparing IMRT for T1 glottic cancer: Comparison with conventional radiation
Authors: Mohamed Abdallah S.R. , Smith Blaine D. , Smith Joshua B. , Sevak Parag , Malek Jessica S. , Kanwar Aasheesh , Browne Theodora , Gunn G. Brandon , Garden Adam S. , Frank Steven J. , Morrison William H. , Phan Jack , Zafereo Mark , Skinner Heath , Lai Stephen Y. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Lewin Jan S. , Hessel Amy E. , Thekdi Apurva A. , Weber Randal S. , Fuller Clifton D. , Rosenthal David I. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesWe aim to report oncologic outcomes after conventional radiotherapy (ConRT) using opposed lateral beams and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for tumor (T)1 nodal (N)0 T1 N0 glottic squamous cell carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics for patients treated at our institution during 2000 to 2013.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐three patients (71%) were treated using ConRT and 62 (29%) using IMRT. The median follow‐up for all patients was 68 months. There was no statistically significant difference in 5‐year local control between patients with T1a versus T1b disease (94% vs. 89%, respectively, P = 0.5). Three‐year locoregional control for patients treated with ConRT was 94% compared to 97% with IMRT (P = 0.4). Three‐year overall survival (OS) for patients treated with ConRT was 92.5% compared with 100% with IMRT (P = 0.1). Twelve of 14 patients with local recurrence underwent salvage surgery with 5‐year ultimate locoregional control of 98.5% and 97.1% in the ConRT and IMRT cohorts, respectively (P = 0.7). Multivariate analysis showed age < 60 years (P < 0.0001) and pretreatment Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status <2 (P = 0.0022) to be independent correlates of improved OS. Postradiation cerebrovascular events were in four patients in the ConRT cohort (3%), whereas no patients in the IMRT cohort suffered any events.ConclusionBecause the oncologic outcomes for patients treated with IMRT were excellent and IMRT allows for carotid sparing, we have transitioned to IMRT as our standard for most patients with T1 glottic cancer.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 130:146–153, 2020
An Adaptive Soft Plasmonic Nanosheet Resonator
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Yildirim Tanju , Si Kae Jye , Sharma Ankur , Xue Yunzhou , Qin Qinghua , Bao Qiaoliang , Cheng Wenlong , Lu Yuerui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCurrent micro/nanomechanical system are usually based on rigid crystalline semiconductors that normally have high quality factors but lack adaptive responses to variable frequencies—a capability ubiquitous for communications in the biological world, such as bat and whale calls. Here, a soft mechanical resonator based on a freestanding organic–inorganic hybrid plasmonic superlattice nanosheet is demonstrated, which can respond adaptively to either incident light intensity or wavelength. This is achieved because of strong plasmonic coupling in closely packed nanocrystals which can efficiently concentrate and convert photons into heat. The heat causes the polymer matrix to expand, leading to a change in the nanomechanical properties of the plasmonic nanosheet. Notably, the adaptive frequency responses are also reversible and the responsive ranges are fine‐tunable by adjusting the constituent nanocrystal building blocks. It is believed that the plasmonic nanosheets may open a new route to design next‐generation intelligent bio‐mimicking opto‐mechanical resonance systems.