bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sowing Date Effects on Cowpea Cultivars as a Second Crop in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Matoso Aline O. , Soratto Rogério P. , Guarnieri Franciele , Costa Nídia R. , Abrahão Rafael C. , Tirabassi Luís H. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
Cowpea sowing until early March has potential as an alternative second crop in southeastern Brazil.
Seed yield up to 2746 kg ha−1 was obtained with early February sowing.
Lower temperature at pre‐flowering period with sowing delay was the main factor increasing cowpea cycle and decreasing seed yield.
Cultivar ranking varied across sowing dates and growing seasons.
In southeastern Brazil, there has been increasing interest in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivation as a second crop. A three‐year study was conducted to evaluate the growth, seed yield, and seed protein of cowpea cultivars (BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, BRS Itaim, BRS Novaera, BRS Potengi, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Xiquexique) as affected by sowing date (from early February to late April) in Botucatu, Brazil. Delay in sowing, especially after early March, delayed the emergence and flowering and increased the cycle of the cowpea cultivars. On average, each day of sowing delay increased the crop cycle by 0.82 d because of the decreasing temperature. The delay in sowing from late March drastically reduced the aboveground dry matter biomass, numbers of lateral branches and pods per plant, 100‐seed weight, and seed yield of cowpea cultivars. There was great variation in the seed yield across growing seasons, but the earliest sowing date (early February) resulted in the greatest seed yields, which could reach up to 2746 kg ha−1. Sowing dates until early March provided sustainable seed yields (on average >800 kg ha−1). Cultivar ranking varied across sowing dates and growing seasons, but with sowing dates from early February to early March, the cultivars BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera, and BRS Potengi were the most productive. Sowing dates later than early March also reduced the crude protein content in the seeds of cowpea cultivars. Cowpea has potential as an alternative second crop in southeastern Brazil since it can be sown until early March.
Long‐term Biomass and Potential Ethanol Yields of Annual and Perennial Biofuel Crops
Authors: Roozeboom Kraig L. , Wang Donghai , McGowan Andrew R. , Propheter Jonathan L. , Staggenborg Scott A. , Rice Charles W. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
Annual crops produced a third more biomass and three times as much ethanol as perennials.
Perennial crops used half as much nitrogen fertilizer as annual crops.
Grain from most annual crops enhanced ethanol production per unit of biomass.
Sweet sorghum produced substantially more ethanol than all other crops.
Sorghum yielded more biomass and potential ethanol than corn in hot, dry years.
Although energy crops could eventually supply a growing portion of cellulosic biofuel feedstocks, long‐term comparisons of annual and perennial crops are rare. An experiment was established in 2007 near Manhattan, KS, to compare biomass productivity and ethanol yield of perennial and annual crops. Perennial crops included three C4 grasses: switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and miscanthus (Miscanthus sacchariflorus). Annual C4 crops were corn (Zea mays L.) in two rotations: continuous and rotated with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; and five types of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]: photoperiod sensitive, sweet, dual purpose (grain and biomass), brown mid‐rib, and grain; all rotated with soybean. Annual crops produced 7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 more biomass than perennial crops throughout 11 yr, with sweet sorghum exceeding 22 Mg ha−1 yr−1, and 12 m3 ha−1 yr−1 of ethanol. Biomass yield of miscanthus approached 14 Mg ha−1 yr−1, essentially the same as for several annual crops but with half as much fertilizer nitrogen. Annual ethanol production from miscanthus and switchgrass was 3.6 m3 ha−1 yr−1, half as much as that of several annual crops that produced similar biomass yields. Big bluestem consistently produced the least biomass and ethanol, less than 7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and 1.7 m3 ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Rotated corn averaged 7.1 m3 ha−1 yr−1 of ethanol. Eleven years of results indicate that annual corn and sorghum crops as well as perennial grasses such as miscanthus and switchgrass could play a role as potential bioenergy feedstocks in diversified production systems.
Stem, Leaf, and Panicle Yield and Nutrient Content of Biomass and Sweet Sorghum
Authors: Heitman A. J. , Castillo M. S. , Smyth T. J. , Crozier C. R. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
Sorghum is a potential dedicated bioenergy crop both from biomass and sugar yields.
Increasing rates of N fertilizer affected biomass yield and nutrient removal for sorghum cultivar ES5200 by partitioning resources primarily toward the stem component.
For sorghum M81‐E, the seed head component accounted for a greater proportion of biomass, compared with sorghum ES5200, and biomass yield and nutrients were more evenly distributed among the three components.
Returning the leaf and seed head components back to the field to enhance soil fertility has the potential to provide at least 45, 7, and, 26 kg ha−1 of N, P, and K, respectively.
Information on biomass yield and nutrient content among leaf, stem, and head components can aid on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar selection and harvest management practices to optimize the quality of the harvested feedstock and residue management. The objectives of this study were to characterize and to determine the effect of five N fertilization rates (0, 67, 134, 201, and 268 kg ha−1) on biomass yield and N, P, and K content of the stem, leaf, and panicle components of two dedicated bioenergy sorghum cultivars. Biomass sorghum Blade ES5200 and sweet sorghum M81‐E were grown in 2014 and 2015 in North Carolina. For ES5200, total biomass yield was 14.4 Mg ha−1 with 74, 25, and 2% accounted by the stem, leaf, and panicle, respectively. For M81‐E, total biomass yield was 11.5 Mg ha−1 with 62, 24, and 15% accounted by the stem, leaf, and panicle, respectively. Nutrient content by the leaf + panicle components combined were about 45, 7, and 26 kg ha−1 for N, P, and K, respectively, for both cultivars; however, for ES5200, the leaf + panicle components combined accounted for 46, 37, and 16% of total N, P, and K content, respectively, whereas for M81‐E they accounted for 62, 74, and 24% of total N, P, and K content, respectively. Addition of N fertilizer resulted in greater shifts in the stem component responses but to different extents for each cultivar.
The Impact of pH and Ion Exchange on 133Cs Adsorption on Vermiculite
Authors: Ferreira D. R. , Thornhill J. A. , Roderick E. I. N. , Li Y. 
Published: July 2018

Many studies have shown that the adsorption of ions like K+ and Cs+ on 2:1 clay minerals can prompt the collapse of their interlayers and render the adsorbing ions nonexchangeable. This study sought to better understand this unique adsorption mechanism through the generation of an adsorption envelope for 133Cs adsorption on vermiculite and the exploration of the kinetics of interlayer collapse. The collapse of the vermiculite interlayer was confirmed via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the timing of interlayer collapse was determined by placing Cs+ in competition with K+ at different time intervals. The adsorption envelope for Cs+ on vermiculite showed that although H+ competition does affect the adsorption of Cs+ on vermiculite, the effect of this competition is quite limited, even at very low pH values. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that XRD demonstrated a significant decrease in interlayer dimension after Cs+ adsorption. Finally, kinetics experiments showed that the irreversible adsorption of K+ and the collapse of the interlayer may take place on a much longer time scale than previously considered.Core Ideas
Cesium adsorbs extremely strongly on vermiculite, even at very low pH.
Cesium adsorption collapses vermiculite's interlayer by >63% to ∼1.1 Å.
Attempts to quantify vermiculite interlayer collapse by K+ gave conflicting results.
Linking Herbicide Dissipation to Soil Ecological Risk along Transmission Rights‐of‐Way in the Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Jimmo Amy , Isbister Krystal M. , Lamb Eric G. , Siciliano Steven D. , Stewart Katherine J. 
Published: July 2018

In the Yukon Territory, transmission rights‐of‐way (ROWs) are managed using brushing and mowing techniques alone. When cut, target species such as Populus tremuloides Michx. and Salix spp. grow rapidly shortening maintenance cycles. Long‐term vegetation control may be improved by integrating herbicide application. However, prior to implementation, the dissipation and toxicity of herbicides in northern latitudes needed to be assessed. The dissipation of Garlon XRT (triclopyr) and Arsenal Powerline (imazapyr) in soils was assessed at five ROW locations representative of the main ecoregion types where ROWs occur within the Yukon Territory. Soils from four sites were collected at 1, 30, and 365 d after treatment to determine persistence of herbicides for each of three application methods (backpack spraying, cut stump, and point injection). Increased sampling intervals were added to better determine the dissipation rate of each herbicide in Yukon Territory soils. Soil dissipation data were linked to a series of standardized toxicity tests, including three soil invertebrates (Enchytreaus crypticus, Folsmia candida, and Oppia nitens). Additionally, the dissipation of both herbicides from the target species Salix glauca L. was assessed at one site. Herbicide residues persisted in soils for longer than 365 d after treatment and longer than 30 d after treatment in S. glauca. However, concentrations were below the concentration that would affect 25% of the invertebrate species tested. Weight of evidence and toxic exposure ratios were used to characterize the risks associated with herbicide application in northern latitudes and provided both qualitative and quantitative means to communicate the results to the public.Core Ideas
Herbicide use may improve vegetation management along rights‐of‐way in the Yukon.
Triclopyr is a good alternative due to a mobile‐phase DT50 of 1 d after treatment.
Imazapyr presented no unacceptable risk to the soil invertebrates tested.
Risk characterization indicated triclopyr and imazapyr are acceptable in northern latitudes.
Triclopyr presents less risk due to fast dissipation and low risk to soil invertebrates.
Mapping Soil Cation‐Exchange Capacity using Bayesian Modeling and Proximal Sensors at the Field Scale
Authors: Li Nan , Zare Ehsan , Huang Jingyi , Triantafilis John 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
A Bayesian inference approach (INLA‐SPDE) was used to map topsoil and subsoil CEC.
DEM, gamma‐ray spectrometer and EM induction data were combined to map CEC.
Posterior marginal distributions of the model parameters and responses were estimated.
Gamma‐ray data performed best in the topsoil, followed by DUALEM421S and elevation.
Elevation data performed best in the subsoil, followed by gamma‐ray and DUALEM421S.
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) affects soil fertility, acidity, and structural resilience. This is particularly the case in sugarcane growing areas of Australia because the soil there is sandy (>60%), strongly acidic (pH < 5.5), and strongly sodic (exchangeable sodium percentage [ESP] > 15%). Unfortunately, obtaining information on CEC at the field extent is time‐consuming and expensive. Here, we used a digital soil mapping approach to add value to limited (40) topsoil (0–0.3 m) and subsoil (0.6–0.9 m) CEC information. We first collected proximally sensed ancillary data from three sources, including a digital elevation model (DEM), γ‐ray (γ‐ray) spectrometer (RS700) and electromagnetic (EM) induction instruments. We then use a Bayesian inference approach (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation with Stochastic Partial Differential Equation, INLA‐SPDE) implemented in R software to model the CEC and ancillary data. Accuracy (RMSE), bias (ME), and concordance (Lin's) of models were also generated from the different sources of ancillary data, either in combination or alone. We concluded, overall, that the INLA–SPDE approach could provide estimations of the posterior marginal distributions of the model parameters as well as the model responses as reported by other researchers. We also concluded that using the ancillary data sources in combination was most accurate (e.g., RMSE = 0.72) to predict CEC, least biased (e.g., ME = 0.07) and had the highest concordance (e.g., Lin's = 0.69) in both the topsoil and subsoil than using the ancillary data alone. The best ancillary data, when used alone for mapping CEC in the topsoil, was γ‐ray spectrometry, followed by EM data and elevation. For subsoil CEC, it was elevation, followed by γ‐ray spectrometry and then soil electrical conductivity (ECa) data. The maps of the credibility interval (CI) indicated that better predictions were achieved in the topsoil and indicated where improvements in prediction could be achieved in the subsoil.
Ketoacidosis Due to Empagliflozin, a Paradigm Shift: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Hernandez-Quiles Carlos , Ramirez-Duque Nieves , Acosta-Delgado Domingo 
Published: July 2018

Introduction:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)-inhibitors are new antihyperglycemic
agents that have shown a reduction in cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent
warnings have been developed about an increased risk of euglycemic and moderate hyperglycemic
diabetic ketoacidosis with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors, but its real incidence is not available yet.

Case Report:
We present a case of DKA with moderate hyperglycemia in a patient treated with metformin
and empagliflozin.

Conclusion:
DKA in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors can be presented as euglycemic and moderated
hyperglycemia. This special presentation poses a physician’s challenge.
What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?
Authors: Viesy S. , Abdi J. , Rezaei Z. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems
in developing countries.

Objective:
A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore,
the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting
them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional
study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens
were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using
Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results
were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test.

Results:
Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of
parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica,
0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis.

Conclusion:
Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the
health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of
health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections
in the region.
The Dopaminergic Dysfunction and Altered Working Memory Performance of Aging Mice Lacking Gamma-synuclein Gene
Authors: Kokhan Viktor S. , Kokhan Tat`yana G. , Samsonova Anna N. , Fisenko Vladimir P. , Ustyugov Aleksey A. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: July 2018

Background:
It was previously shown that inactivation of gamma-synuclein which is a
small soluble neuronal protein affects psycho-emotional status and cognitive abilities in knock-out
mice.

Objective:
Determine the role of gamma-synuclein inactivation on memory performance in aging animals.

Method:
We used the passive avoidance test and acute amphetamine administration in aging gammasynuclein
knock-out mice.

Results:
As a result, we found moderate aging-unlinked deficit of dopaminergic neurotransmitter system
of gamma-synuclein knock-out mice. At the same time, the evidence of progressive synaptic vesicle
trafficking machinery impairment was obtained.

Conclusion:
Therefore most likely these dysfunctions are associated with a reduction in the highefficient
learning performance in tests that require intact working memory.
An Intersection Importance Estimation Method Based on the Road Network Topology
Authors: Lu Ting , Zhao Dan , Yin Yanhong 
Published: July 2018

Introduction:
The expansion of road network and continuous increase of vehicle ownership challenge the performance of routine traffic control. It is necessary to make a balanced adjustment and control from the perspective of the road network to disperse the traffic flow on the entire road network.

Methods:
This paper develops a method to quantify the intersections’ importance at a global level based on the road network topology, which is the location of the intersection in the road network and the structural characteristics of the intersection decided by the traffic movement. The priority order in traffic signal coordination is the sorting results of intersection’s importance. The proposed method consists of two consecutive algorithms. Firstly, the graph connectivity of network is defined based on the shortest path distance and spatial connectivity between adjacent intersections. Secondly, The Importance Estimation Model (IEM) is built, which is the function of the importance indexes of current intersection and its neighboring intersections. A simulated case of a six by eight grid network was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method in TRANSYT.

Results and Conclusion:
The results show that the Importance Estimation Model (IEM) minimized the measure of effectiveness compared with the schemes obtained by the volume sorting method, the saturation degree sorting method, and the method SMOO. It also created a higher frequency of small queues than the other methods.
The Study of Leading Subsector and Leading Commodities of Agricultural in Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province
Authors: Marina Marina , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Masyhuri Masyhuri 
Published: July 2018

Indonesian government is currently implementing regional development emphasizing on the characteristic and potential strength of each region. This program will be more optimal if conducted based on the introduction of the leading potential along with its use by maintaining the environmental sustainability. This research is aimed to (1) identify the basis/leading and non-basis/non-leading of agricultural sub-sector and its commodities; (2) to classify the pattern of sub-sector growth and agricultural commodities. The data used was time series consisting of secondary data from Anambas Islands Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in accordance with the basic constant price in 2010 and the production value data of agricultural commodity during 2010-2015. The data analysis by Location Quotient (LQ) and Typology Klassen method. The analysis result shows that the sub-sectors of food crops, plantation, and fishery are the basis sub-sector (LQ > 1). The commodities of wetland paddy, sweet potato, mustard, water spinach, spinach, pineapple, banana, coconut, clove, cow (cattle) and kampong chicken are the basic commodities (LQ > 1). According to the analysis of Klassen Typology, the sub-sectors of food crops and plantation crops are included in leading and fast-growing classification (rik > riand Yik> Yi), while the commodities of wetland paddy, sweet potato, mustard, spinach, and coconut are included in the leading and fast-growing commodities.
Patterns and Determinant Factors Of Arabica Coffee’s Marketing Margin In Ngada Regency
Authors: Mau Maria Clara , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Masyhuri Masyhuri Masyhuri 
Published: July 2018

Coffee is one of the essential plantation commodities in the development process of plantation sub-sector. Ngada Regency is one of the coffee producers in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Coffee in Ngada Regency becomes one of the plantation commodities that conceive high potential to be developed. This research aims to discover the established marketing channel pattern, factors influencing marketing margin of Arabica coffee, and the quantity of price received by farmers the in Ngada Regency. The respondents in this research were 59 farmers who were derived randomly and 10 merchants who were derived from snowball sampling technique. This research used interview with a questionnaire as supporting tools in collecting the data. This research analyzed the data descriptively and multiple regression analysis was also conducted through Ordinary Least Square method. The analysis results show that (1) the established marketing channel pattern of Arabica coffee in Ngada Regency are channel I: Farmers - Product Processing Unit – PT. Indocom (sold in the form of red logs coffee that is processed into Hard Skin coffee), channel II: Farmers – PT. Indocom (sold in the form of Hard Skin coffee) and channel III: Farmers – Collected Traders – Retailers – Consumer (sold in the form of coffee beans). (2) The factors that influence the marketing margin are marketing volume and marketing cost. The distance and coffee processing do not have any significant influence towards the marketing margin. (3) The marketing channel that conceives high value of farmer’s share is the marketing channel II.
The Impact of Quality of Work Life and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance of PT. Madubaru PG-PS Madukismo
Authors: Asharini Nurma Asri , Hardyastuti Suhatmini , Irham Irham 
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to (1) determine the effect of the quality of work life (QWL) and job satisfaction to organizational commitment ; (2) finding out the effect of the QWL, job satisfaction, organization commitment to employee performance ; (3) finding out the effect of the QWL and job satisfaction to employee performance with organization commitment as intervening variable. The sample in this research was employees of PT. Madubaru PG-PS Madukismo in Yogyakarta using 100 respondents; the sampling technique was using simple random sampling technique. The types of data used were primary and secondary data with data collecting techniques of survey approach (questionnaire). The data analysis technique used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS 21 program and SPSS 23. The result of the research is that QWL does not affect the organizational commitment while job satisfaction affects the organizational commitment. The QWL and job satisfaction do not affect employees’ performance, while organizational commitment affects the employees’ performance. The QWL does not affect the employees’ performance indirectly. Job satisfaction affects employees’ performance indirectly with organizational commitment as intervening variable. The company should further enhance the employees’ organizational commitment in order to higher the employees’ performance.