bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomato floral induction and flower development are orchestrated by the interplay between gibberellin and two unrelated microRNA‐controlled modules
Authors: Silva Geraldo F. F. , Silva Eder M. , Correa Joao P. O. , Vicente Mateus H. , Jiang Nan , Notini Marcela M. , Junior Airton C. , De Jesus Frederico A. , Castilho Pollyanna , Carrera Esther , López‐Díaz Isabel , Grotewold Erich , Peres Lazaro E. P. , Nogueira Fabio T. S. 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Age‐regulated microRNA156 (miR156) and targets similarly control the competence to flower in diverse species. By contrast, the diterpene hormone gibberellin (GA) and the microRNA319‐regulated TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors promote flowering in the facultative long‐day Arabidopsis thaliana, but suppress it in the day‐neutral tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

We combined genetic and molecular studies and described a new interplay between GA and two unrelated miRNA‐associated pathways that modulates tomato transition to flowering.

Tomato PROCERA/DELLA activity is required to promote flowering along with the miR156‐targeted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING–LIKE (SPL/SBP) transcription factors by activating SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) in the leaves and the MADS‐Box gene APETALA1(AP1)/MC at the shoot apex. Conversely, miR319‐targeted LANCEOLATE represses floral transition by increasing GA concentrations and inactivating SFT in the leaves and AP1/MC at the shoot apex. Importantly, the combination of high GA concentrations/responses with the loss of SPL/SPB function impaired canonical meristem maturation and flower initiation in tomato.

Our results reveal a cooperative regulation of tomato floral induction and flower development, integrating age cues (miR156 module) with GA responses and miR319‐controlled pathways. Importantly, this study contributes to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of GA in controlling flowering time in a day‐neutral species.
Not Always Worth the Effort: Difficulty and the Value of Achievement
Authors: Hirji Sukaina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent literature has argued that what makes certain activities ranging from curing cancer to running a marathon count as achievements, and what makes achievements intrinsically valuable is, centrally, that they involve great effort. Although there is much the difficulty‐based view gets right, I argue that it generates the wrong results about some central cases of achievement, and this is because it is too narrowly focused on only one perfectionist capacity, the will. I propose a revised perfectionist account on which an achievement is an activity that fully exercises or expresses any number of a range of perfectionist capacities.
Grounding Nominalism
Authors: Schulte Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe notion of grounding has gained increasing acceptance among metaphysicians in recent years. In this paper, I argue that this notion can be used to formulate a very attractive version of (property)nominalism, a view that I call ‘grounding nominalism’. Simplifying somewhat, this is the view thatall properties are grounded in things. I argue that this view is coherent and has a decisive advantage over competing versions of nominalism: it allows us to accept properties as real, while fully accommodating nominalist intuitions. Finally, I defend grounding nominalism against several seemingly troublesome objections.
Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula antigens induce Th1/Pro‐inflammatory cytokine responses
Authors: Egesa Moses , Lubyayi Lawrence , Tukahebwa Edridah M. , Bagaya Bernard S. , Chalmers Iain W. , Wilson Shona , Hokke Cornelis H. , Hoffmann Karl F. , Dunne David W. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Labuda Lucja A. , Cose Stephen 
Published: September 2018

SummaryLarvae of Schistosoma (schistosomula) are highly susceptible to host immune responses and are attractive prophylactic vaccine targets, although cellular immune responses against schistosomula antigens in endemic human populations are not well characterized. We collected blood and stool from 54 Schistosoma mansoni‐infected Ugandans, isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and stimulated them for 24 hours with schistosome adult worm and soluble egg antigens (AWA and SEA), along with schistosomula recombinant proteins rSmKK7, Lymphocyte Antigen 6 isoforms (rSmLy6A and rSmLy6B), tetraspanin isoforms (rSmTSP6 and rSmTSP7). Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were measured in the culture supernatants using a multiplex luminex assay, and infection intensity was determined before and at 1 year after praziquantel (PZQ) treatment using the Kato‐Katz method. Cellular responses were grouped and the relationship between groups of correlated cellular responses and infection intensity before and after PZQ treatment was investigated. AWA and SEA induced mainly Th2 responses. In contrast, rSmLy6B, rSmTSP6 and rSmTSP7 induced Th1/pro‐inflammatory responses. While recombinant antigens rSmKK7 and rSmLy6A did not induce a Th1/pro‐inflammatory response, they had an association with pre‐treatment infection intensity after adjusting for age and sex. Testing more schistosomula antigens using this approach could provide immune‐epidemiology identifiers necessary for prioritizing next generation schistosomiasis vaccine candidates.
Embryonic maternal interaction in cattle and its relationship with fertility
Authors: Sánchez José María , Mathew Daniel J. , Passaro Claudia , Fair Trudee , Lonergan Pat 
Published: September 2018

ContentsEmbryo mortality is a major contributor to poor reproductive efficiency and profitability in cattle production systems. While conception is achieved (i.e., the oocyte is fertilized) in the vast majority of cases if insemination is carried out correctly, a significant proportion of the resulting embryos fail to develop to term. Appropriate communication between the developing conceptus and the maternal endometrium is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in all mammals. Up to the blastocyst stage, around Days 7–9, contact worth the female reproductive system is not required. However, the process of conceptus elongation after hatching and prior to implantation is entirely maternally driven and is essential to ensure that sufficient quantities of interferon‐tau (IFNT) are secreted by the developing conceptus to abrogate the mechanisms that bring about luteolysis. While the importance of conceptus‐derived IFNT in maternal recognition of pregnancy and prevention of luteolysis in cattle is unequivocal, many questions, such as the threshold level of IFNT required for pregnancy maintenance, remain unanswered. Furthermore, the precise role of IFNT‐independent mechanisms in pregnancy establishment remains to be elucidated. Irrespective of this, failure of the conceptus to elongate undoubtedly results in embryonic loss and is thus believed to contribute greatly to reproductive failure in cattle. This review will address some of these answered questions and try to shed some light on those gaps in knowledge that could potentially contribute to improved embryo survival and reproductive efficiency.
Changes in intraocular pressure after intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide (ILUVIEN): real-world experience in three European countries
Authors: Chakravarthy Usha , Taylor Simon R , Koch Frank H Johannes , Castro de Sousa João Paulo , Bailey Clare 
Published: September 2018

AimsThe ILUVIEN Registry Safety Study is an ongoing, multicentre, open-label, observational study collecting real-world data on the safety and effectiveness of the 0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant in patients treated according to the European label requirements.MethodsPatients included in this analysis were treated for the licensed indication of chronic diabetic macular oedema (cDMO; that is, DMO that persists or recurs despite treatment). Data presented in the current analysis were collected from patient records up to 6 March 2017. Visual acuity (VA) data, including mean change in VA over time and at last observation, intraocular pressure (IOP) over the course of the study, IOP events, use of IOP-lowering therapy and cup:disc ratio were analysed. Information on additional DMO treatments post-FAc implant was also captured.ResultsFive hundred and sixty-three patients (593 eyes) were enrolled on the study. Mean IOP for the overall population remained within the normal range throughout follow-up and 76.7% of patients did not require IOP-lowering therapy following treatment with the FAc implant. Sixty-nine per cent of eyes did not require additional DMO treatments. Mean VA in the overall population increased from 51.9 letters at baseline to 55.6 letters at month 12, with a significant increase of 2.9 letters at last observation. Patients with short-term cDMO experienced greater VA gains than those with long-term cDMO.ConclusionsThe results of this analysis are comparable with those of other studies, including the Fluocinolone Acetate for Macular Edema study. The study reinforces the good safety and effectiveness profile of FAc, and demonstrates the benefit of early FAc treatment.
What do adolescents want from their ED? An evaluation on the preferences and opinions of adolescents attending local EDs
Authors: Bryans Anna , Camilleri-Brennan Julian , Hua Lei , Patel Nandesh , Price Rebecca , Browning Jen 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionThe adolescent population comprises a significant proportion of attendances to the ED. Despite adolescent patients reporting lower levels of healthcare satisfaction compared with other age groups, their opinions are under-represented in existing literature. This prospective study investigated adolescents’ expectations and preferences regarding the ED service.MethodsA questionnaire designed by the investigators was distributed to children aged 12–16 years over a 6-month period in 2015 at two EDs in the UK. The questionnaire explored themes such as same-sex and similar-age areas, staff communication and environment. Interviews based on the questionnaire template were also conducted and guardians were permitted to accompany the participant. Verbal informed consent was obtained from both the young person and their guardian to participate in the study.ResultsThere were 254 respondents, which represented 8.8% of adolescent attendances in the study period. ‘Cleanliness’ was rated the most important factor within the ED setting with 94.8% of respondents selecting 4 or 5 on a 5-point Likert scale. This was followed by ‘feeling comfortable’, ‘clear explanation’ and ‘staff communication’ (91.2%, 90.8% and 90.4% rating these 4 or 5, respectively). However, when participants were asked to select a single most important factor, being ‘seen quickly’ was selected most frequently (95/206, 46.1%). ‘Entertainment’ was regarded the least important with only 17.0% selecting 4 or 5 on the Likert scale. Preference for being treated in an adult ED compared with a child ED increased with age.ConclusionsBeing ‘seen quickly’ was considered the single most important factor by adolescent patients in the ED. Notably, ‘cleanliness’ and aspects of communication also rated highly, with ‘entertainment’ regarded as least important. The additional insight into the healthcare preferences of the adolescent population provides a platform on which the future ED services can be tailored to the needs of young people.
Endoscopic day case antireflux radiofrequency (Stretta) therapy improves quality of life and reduce proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dependency in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a prospective study from a UK tertiary centre
Authors: Viswanath YKS , Maguire Nicola , Obuobi Reece-Bolton , Dhar Anjan , Punnoose Siby 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEndoscopic antireflux radiofrequency treatment (Stretta) offers a therapeutic alternative for patients suffering from refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Current evidence suggests that the treatment may improve symptoms of GORD and decrease requirement for proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy.MethodsProspective assessment of patients undergoing Stretta, between October 2014 and February 2016, in a UK tertiary referral centre was carried. All patients were assessed for suitability using endoscopy, contrast studies, and pH and manometry studies. The Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) was used to evaluate symptoms along with PPI dependency, pre-Stretta and post-Stretta treatment. Patients were followed up by outpatient clinic appointment and telephone consultation.ResultsFifty consecutive patients were followed up for a median of 771 days (range 499–1162) following treatment with Stretta. The average GERD-HRQL score improved from 46.2/75 (±14.2) preprocedure to 15.2/75 (±17.3) postprocedure. Dissatisfaction with GORD as measured in the GERD-HRQL decreased from 100% to 10% with three patients showing no improvement (non-responders) at follow up and two late failures at the time of this review. There were no complications and all cases were carried out as day cases.ConclusionThere are currently few effective therapeutic alternatives to antireflux surgery for refractory GORD. This series corroborates the value and safety of Stretta as a viable option for selected patients who are unwilling or unable to undergo an operation. Stretta improves quality of life and decreases PPI dependency in selected patients with GORD.
Leveraging the power of new molecular technologies in the clinical setting requires unprecedented awareness of limitations and drawbacks: experience of one diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Nfonsam Landry , Ordorica Shelley , Ghani Mahdi , Potter Ryan , Schaffer Audrey , Daoud Hussein , Vasli Nasim , Chisholm Caitlin , Sinclair-Bourque Elizabeth , McGowan-Jordan Jean , Smith Amanda C , Jarinova Olga , Bronicki Lucas 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAdvances in molecular technologies and in-silico variant prediction tools offer wide-ranging opportunities in diagnostic settings, yet they also present with significant limitations.ObjectiveHere, we contextualise the limitations of next-generation sequencing (NGS), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and in-silico prediction tools routinely used by diagnostic laboratories by reviewing specific experiences from our diagnostic laboratory.MethodsWe investigated discordant annotations and/or incorrect variant ‘callings’ in exons of 56 genes constituting our cardiomyopathy and connective tissue disorder NGS panels. Discordant variants and segmental duplications (SD) were queried using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and the University of California Santa Cruz genome browser, respectively, to identify regions of high homology. Discrepant variant analyses by in-silico models were re-evaluated using updated file entries.ResultsWe observed a 5% error rate inMYH7variant ‘calling’ using MLPA, which resulted from >90% homology of theMYH7probe-binding site toMYH6. SDs were detected inTTN,PKP2andMYLK. SDs inMYLKpresented the highest risk (15.7%) of incorrect variant ‘calling’. The inaccurate ‘callings’ and discrepant in-silico predictions were resolved following detailed investigation into the source of error.ConclusionRecognising the limitations described here may help avoid incorrect diagnoses and leverage the power of new molecular technologies in diagnostic settings.
CROSS-LINKS MULTISCALE EFFECTS ON BONE ULTRASTRUCTURE BIOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: KRAIEM TESNIM , BARKAOUI ABDELWAHED , MERZOUKI TAREK , CHAFRA MOEZ 
Published: September 2018

Bone is a multiscale combination of collagen molecules merged with mineral crystals. Its high rigidity and stability stem amply from its polymeric organic matrix and secondly from the connections established between interdifferent and intradifferent scale components through cross-links. Several studies have shown that the cross-links inhibition results in a reduction in strength of bone but they do not quantify the degree to which these connections contribute to the bone rigidity and toughness. This report is classified among the few works that measure the cross-links multiscale impact on the ultrastructure bone mechanical behavior. This work aims firstly to study the effect of cross-links at the molecule scale and secondly to gather from literature studies results handling with cross-links effects on the other bone ultrastructure scales in order to reveal the multiscale effect of cross-links. This study proves that cross-links increasing number improves the mechanical performance of each scale of bone ultrastructure. On the other hand, cross-links have a multiscale contribution that depends on its rank related to existing cross-links connecting the same geometries and it depends on mechanical characteristics of geometries connected.
Detection of Control Structures in Spoken Utterances
Authors: Weigelt Sebastian , Hey Tobias , Steurer Vanessa 
Published: September 2018

State-of-the-art intelligent assistant systems such as Siri and Cortana do not consider control structures in the user input. They reliably react to ordinary commands. However, their architectures are not designed to cope with queries that require complex control flow structuring. We propose a system to overcome these limitations. Our approach models if-then-else, loop, and concurrency constructs in spoken utterances explicitly. The model bridges the gap between linguistic and programmatic semantics.To demonstrate our concept, we apply a rule-based approach. We have implemented three prototypes that use keyphrases to discover potential control structures depending on the type of control structure. However, the full structures are determined differently. For conditionals we use chunk and part-of-speech (POS) tags provided by natural language processing tools; for loops and concurrency we make use of an action extraction approach based on semantic role labeling (SRL). Additionally, we use coreference information to determine the extent of the respective structure.The explicit modeling of conditionals, loops, and concurrent sections allows us to evaluate the accuracy of our approaches independently from each other and from other language understanding tasks. We have conducted two user studies in the domain of humanoid robotics. The first focused on conditionals. Our prototype achieves F1scores from 0.783 (automatic speech recognition) to 0.898 (manual transcripts) on unrestricted utterances. In the second, the prototypes for loop and concurrency detection also proved useful. F1scores range from 0.588 (automatic speech recognition) to 0.814 (manual transcripts) for loops and from 0.622 (automatic speech recognition) to 0.842 (manual transcripts) for concurrent sections respectively.
Safety concept, FEP catalogue and scenario development as fundamentals of a long-term safety demonstration for high-level waste repositories in German clay formations
Authors: Lommerzheim A. , Jobmann M. , Meleshyn A. , Mrugalla S. , Rübel A. , Stark L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A safety concept and a safety demonstration concept for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in German clay formations have been developed. The main safety objective is to retain the radionuclides inside a ‘Containment Providing Rock Zone’. Thus, the radionuclide transport should be restrained by adequate safety functions of the geological and geotechnical barriers. The compliance with legal dose constraints has to be demonstrated for probable evolutions and less probable evolutions.
As a basis for system analysis, generic geological reference models, disposal concepts and repository designs have been developed for northern and southern Germany. All data relevant for future system evolution were compiled in two FEP (features, events and processes) catalogues. They provide information on FEP characteristics, their probabilities of occurrence, their interactions and identify ‘initial FEP’ that impair the safety functions of relevant barriers. A probable reference scenario has been deduced systematically from the probable ‘initial FEP’, and from probable processes relevant for radionuclide mobilization and transport. Four different starting points to develop alternative scenarios (i.e. less probable evolutions) were identified.
The scenario development methodology is applicable to different kinds of host rock and therefore may be a basis for the preliminary safety analyses necessary in the future site selection process in Germany.
Computational model-based assessment of baroreflex function from response to Valsalva maneuver
Authors: Kosinski Samuel A. , Carlson Brian E. , Hummel Scott L. , Brook Robert D. , Beard Daniel A. 
Published: September 2018

Functional metrics of autonomic control of heart rate, including baroreflex sensitivity, have been shown to be strongly associated with cardiovascular risk. A decrease in baroreflex sensitivity with aging is hypothesized to represent a contributing causal factor in the etiology of primary hypertension. To assess baroreflex function in human subjects, two complementary methods to simulate the response in heart rate elicited by the Valsalva maneuver were developed and applied to data obtained from a cohort of healthy normal volunteers. The first method is based on representing the baroreflex arc as a simple linear filter, transforming changes in arterial pressure to changes in R-R interval. The second method invokes a physiologically based model for arterial mechanics, afferent baroreceptor strain-dependent firing, and control of heart rate via central autonomic response to changes in afferent inputs from aortic and carotid sensors. Analysis based on the linear filter model reveals that the effective response time of the baroreflex arc tends to increase with age in healthy subjects and that the response time/response rate is a predictor of resting systolic pressure. Similar trends were obtained based on the physiologically based model. Analysis of the Valsalva response using the physiologically based model further reveals that different afferent inputs from the carotid sinus and the aortic arch baroreceptors govern different parts of the heart rate response. The observed relationship between baroreflex sensitivity and systolic pressure is surprising because hypertensive subjects were excluded from the study, and there was no observed relationship between arterial pressure and age.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We introduce two methods to assess baroreflex function from data recorded from human subjects performing the Valsalva maneuver. Results demonstrate that the baroreflex response time tends to increase with age in healthy subjects, that response time represents a predictor of resting systolic pressure, and that the Valsalva response reveals different effects mediated by baroreceptors in the carotid sinus compared with those in the aortic arch.