bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time Brain Tumor imaging with endogenous fluorophores: a diagnosis proof-of-concept study on fresh human samples
Authors: Poulon Fanny , Pallud Johan , Varlet Pascale , Zanello Marc , Chretien Fabrice , Dezamis Edouard , Abi-Lahoud Georges , Nataf François , Turak Baris , Devaux Bertrand , Abi Haidar Darine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe primary line of therapy for high-grade brain tumor is surgical resection, however, identifying tumor margins in vivo remains a major challenge. Despite the progress in computer-assisted imaging techniques, biopsy analysis remains the standard diagnostic tool when it comes to delineating tumor margins. Our group aims to answer this challenge by exploiting optical imaging of endogenous fluorescence in order to provide a reliable and reproducible diagnosis close to neuropathology. In this study, we first establish the ability of two-photon microscopy (TPM) to discriminate normal brain tissue from glioblastomas and brain metastasis using the endogenous fluorescence response of fresh human brain sample. Two-photon fluorescence images were compared to gold standard neuropathology. “Blind” diagnosis realized by a neuropathologist on a group of TPM images show a good sensitivity, 100%, and specificity, 50% to discriminate non tumoral brain tissue versus glioblastoma or brain metastasis. Quantitative analysis on spectral and fluorescence lifetime measurements resulted in building a scoring system to discriminate brain tissue samples.
Novel multiplex PCR-SSP method for centromeric KIR allele discrimination
Authors: Le Luduec Jean-Benoît , Kudva Anupa , Boudreau Jeanette E. , Hsu Katharine C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAllelic diversity of the KIR2DL receptors drive differential expression and ligand-binding affinities that impact natural killer cell function and patient outcomes for diverse cancers. We have developed a global intermediate resolution amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR-SSP method for distinguishing functionally relevant subgroups of the KIR2DL receptors, as defined by phylogenetic study of the protein sequences. Use of the ARMS design makes the method reliable and usable as a kit, with all reactions utilizing the same conditions. Six reactions define six subgroups of KIR2DL1; four reactions define three subgroups of KIR2DL2; and five reactions define four subgroups of KIR2DL3. Using KIR allele data from a cohort of 426 European-Americans, we identified the most common KIR2DL subtypes and developed the high-throughput PCR-based methodology, which was validated on a separate cohort of 260 healthy donors. Linkage disequilibrium analysis between the different KIR2DL alleles revealed that seven allelic combinations represent more than 95% of the observed population genotypes for KIR2DL1/L2/L3. In summary, our findings enable rapid typing of the most common KIR2DL receptor subtypes, allowing more accurate prediction of co-inheritance and providing a useful tool for the discrimination of observed differences in surface expression and effector function among NK cells exhibiting disparate KIR2DL allotypes.
Structural insights into pro-aggregation effects of C. elegans CRAM-1 and its human ortholog SERF2
Authors: Balasubramaniam Meenakshisundaram , Ayyadevara Srinivas , Shmookler Reis Robert J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractToxic protein aggregates are key features of progressive neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to “seed” proteins diagnostic for each neuropathy (e.g., Aβ1–42 and tau in Alzheimer’s disease), aggregates contain numerous other proteins, many of which are common to aggregates from diverse diseases. We reported that CRAM-1, discovered in insoluble aggregates of C. elegans expressing Q40::YFP, blocks proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated proteins and thus promotes aggregation. We now show that CRAM-1 contains three α-helical segments forming a UBA-like domain, structurally similar to those of mammalian adaptor proteins (e.g. RAD23, SQSTM1/p62) that shuttle ubiquitinated cargos to proteasomes or autophagosomes for degradation. Molecular modeling indicates that CRAM-1, through this UBA-like domain, can form tight complexes with mono- and di-ubiquitin and may thus prevent tagged proteins from interacting with adaptor/shuttle proteins required for degradation. A human ortholog of CRAM-1, SERF2 (also largely disordered), promotes aggregation in SH-SY5Y-APPSw human neuroblastoma cells, since SERF2 knockdown protects these cells from amyloid formation. Atomistic molecular-dynamic simulations predict spontaneous unfolding of SERF2, and computational large-scale protein-protein interactions predict its stable binding to ubiquitins. SERF2 is also predicted to bind to most proteins screened at random, although with lower average stability than to ubiquitins, suggesting roles in aggregation initiation and/or progression.
Alteration of Serum Free Fatty Acids are Indicators for Progression of Pre-leukaemia Diseases to Leukaemia
Authors: Khalid Ayesha , Siddiqui Amna Jabbar , Huang Jian-Hua , Shamsi Tahir , Musharraf Syed Ghulam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAcute Leukaemia (AL) is a neoplasm of WBCs (white blood cells). Being an important class of metabolites, alteration in free fatty acids (FFAs) levels play a key role in cancer development and progression. As they involve in cell signaling, maintain membrane integrity, regulate homeostasis and effect cell and tissue functions. Considering this fact, a comprehensive analysis of FFAs was conducted to monitor their alteration in AL, pre-leukaemic diseases and healthy control. Fifteen FFAs were analyzed in 179 serum samples of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aplastic anemia (APA), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and healthy control using gas chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (GC-MRM-MS). A multivariate statistical method of random forest (RF) was employed for chemometric analysis. Serum level of two FFAs including C18:0 and C14:0 were found discriminative among all five groups, and between ALL and AML, respectively. Moreover, C14:0 was identified as differentiated FFAs for systematic progression of pre-leukaemic conditions towards AML. C16:0 came as discriminated FFAs between APA and MDS/AML. Over all it was identified that FFAs profile not only become altered in leukaemia but also in pre-leukaemic diseases.
First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences
Authors: Verdú José R. , Cortez Vieyle , Martinez-Pinna Juan , Ortiz Antonio J. , Lumaret Jean-Pierre , Lobo Jorge M. , Sánchez-Piñero Francisco , Numa Catherine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmong macrocyclic lactones (ML), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) potentially affect all Ecdysozoan species, with dung beetles being particularly sensitive. The comparative effects of IVM and MOX on adult dung beetles were assessed for the first time to determine both the physiological sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences. Inhibition of antennal response and ataxia were tested as two intuitive and ecologically relevant parameters by obtaining the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values and interpolating other relevant toxicity thresholds derived from concentration-response curves (IC50, as the concentration of each ML where the antennal response is inhibited by half; and pLC50, as the quantity of ingested ML where partial paralysis was observed by half of treated individuals) from concentration-response curves. Both sub-lethal and pre-lethal symptoms obtained in this study coincided in that IVM was six times more toxic than MOX for adult dung beetles. Values of LOEC, IC50 and pLC50 obtained for IVM and MOX evaluated in an environmental context indicate that MOX, despite needing more time for its elimination in the faeces, would be half as harmful to dung beetles as IVM. This approach will be valuable to clarify the real impact of MLs on dung beetle health and to avoid the subsequent environmental consequences.
Phenology determines the robustness of plant–pollinator networks
Authors: Ramos–Jiliberto Rodrigo , Moisset de Espanés Pablo , Franco–Cisterna Mauricio , Petanidou Theodora , Vázquez Diego P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPlant–pollinator systems are essential for ecosystem functioning, which calls for an understanding of the determinants of their robustness to environmental threats. Previous studies considering such robustness have focused mostly on species’ connectivity properties, particularly their degree. We hypothesized that species’ phenological attributes are at least as important as degree as determinants of network robustness. To test this, we combined dynamic modeling, computer simulation and analysis of data from 12 plant–pollinator networks with detailed information of topology of interactions as well as species’ phenology of plant flowering and pollinator emergence. We found that phenological attributes are strong determinants of network robustness, a result consistent across the networks studied. Plant species persistence was most sensitive to increased larval mortality of pollinators that start earlier or finish later in the season. Pollinator persistence was especially sensitive to decreased visitation rates and increased larval mortality of specialists. Our findings suggest that seasonality of climatic events and anthropic impacts such as the release of pollutants is critical for the future integrity of terrestrial biodiversity.
Fiber-bundle illumination: realizing high-degree time-multiplexed multifocal multiphoton microscopy with simplicity
Authors: Yu Jiun-Yann , Kim Sunduck , Shim Young Bo , Holland Daniel B. , Allodi Marco A. , Yeh Chao-Yuan , Blake Geoffrey A. , Han Young-Geun , Guo Chin-Lin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh-degree time-multiplexed multifocal multiphoton microscopy was expected to provide a facile path to scanningless optical-sectioning and the fast imaging of dynamic three-dimensional biological systems. However, physical constraints on typical time multiplexing devices, arising from diffraction in the free-space propagation of light waves, lead to significant manufacturing difficulties and have prevented the experimental realization of high-degree time multiplexing. To resolve this issue, we have developed a novel method using optical fiber bundles of various lengths to confine the diffraction of propagating light waves and to create a time multiplexing effect. Through this method, we experimentally demonstrate the highest degree of time multiplexing ever achieved in multifocal multiphoton microscopy (~50 times larger than conventional approaches), and hence the potential of using simply-manufactured devices for scanningless optical sectioning of biological systems.
Empagliflozin Ammeliorates High Glucose Induced-Cardiac Dysfuntion in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ng Kwong-Man , Lau Yee-Man , Dhandhania Vidhu , Cai Zhu-Jun , Lee Yee-Ki , Lai Wing-Hon , Tse Hung-Fat , Siu Chung-Wah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmpagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor, reduces heart failure and sudden cardiac death but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In cardiomyocytes, SGLT1 and SGLT2 expression is upregulated in diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. We hypothesise that empagliflozin exerts direct effects on cardiomyocytes that attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy. To test this hypothesis, cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were used to test the potential effects of empagliflozin on neutralization of cardiac dysfunction induced by diabetic-like cultures. Our results indicated that insulin-free high glucose culture significantly increased the size of and NPPB, SGLT1 and SGLT2 expression of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. In addition, high glucose-treated hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced contractility regardless of the increased calcium transient capacity. Interestingly, application of empagliflozin before or after high glucose treatment effectively reduced the high glucose-induced cardiac abnormalities. Since application of empagliflozin did not significantly alter viability or glycolytic capacity of the hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, it is plausible that empagliflozin exerts its effects via the down-regulation of SGLT1, SGLT2 and GLUT1 expression. These observations provide supportive evidence that may help explain its unexpected benefit observed in the EMPA-REG trial.
Energy barriers at grain boundaries dominate charge carrier transport in an electron-conductive organic semiconductor
Authors: Vladimirov I. , Kühn M. , Geßner T. , May F. , Weitz R. T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSemiconducting organic films that are at the heart of light-emitting diodes, solar cells and transistors frequently contain a large number of morphological defects, most prominently at the interconnects between crystalline regions. These grain boundaries can dominate the overall (opto-)electronic properties of the entire device and their exact morphological and energetic nature is still under current debate. Here, we explore in detail the energetics at the grain boundaries of a novel electron conductive perylene diimide thin film. Via a combination of temperature dependent charge transport measurements and ab-initio simulations at atomistic resolution, we identify that energetic barriers at grain boundaries dominate charge transport in our system. This novel aspect of physics at the grain boundary is distinct from previously identified grain-boundary defects that had been explained by trapping of charges. We furthermore derive molecular design criteria to suppress such energetic barriers at grain boundaries in future, more efficient organic semiconductors.
The evolved fast rotator Sargas
Authors: Domiciano de Souza A. , Bouchaud K. , Rieutord M. , Espinosa Lara F. , Putigny B. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Gravity darkening (GD) and flattening are important consequences of stellar rotation. The precise characterization of these effects across the Hertzsprung–Russell (H-R) diagram is crucial to a deeper understanding of stellar structure and evolution.
Aims. We seek to characterize such important effects on Sargas (θ Scorpii), an evolved, fast-rotating, intermediate-mass (∼5 M⊙) star, located in a region of the H-R diagram where they have never been directly measured as far as we know.
Methods. We use our numerical model CHARRON to analyze interferometric (VLTI/PIONIER) and spectroscopic (VLT/UVES) observations through a MCMC model-fitting procedure. The visibilities and closure phases from the PIONIER data are particularly sensitive to rotational flattening and GD. Adopting the Roche approximation, we investigate two GD models: (1) the β-model (Teff ∝
geff β), which includes the classical von Zeipel’s GD law, and (2) the ω-model, where the flux is assumed to be anti-parallel to geff.
Results. Using this approach we measure several physical parameters of Sargas, namely, equatorial radius, mass, equatorial rotation velocity, mean Teff, inclination and position angle of the rotation axis, and β. In particular, we show that the measured β leads to a surface flux distribution equivalent to the one given by the ω-model. Thanks to our results, we also show that Sargas is most probably located in a rare and interesting region of the H-R diagram: within the Hertzsprung gap and over the hot edge of the instability strip (equatorial regions inside it and polar regions outside it because of GD).
Conclusions. These results show once more the power of optical/infrared long-baseline interferometry, combined with high-resolution spectroscopy, to directly measure fast-rotation effects and stellar parameters, in particular GD. As was the case for a few fast rotators previously studied by interferometry, the ω-model provides a physically more profound description of Sargas’ GD, without the need of a β exponent. It will also be interesting to further investigate the implications of the singular location of such a fast rotator as Sargas in the H-R diagram.
Capturing the oxidation of silicon carbide in rocky exoplanetary interiors
Authors: Hakim Kaustubh , van Westrenen Wim , Dominik Carsten 
Published: October 2018

Context. Theoretical models predict the condensation of silicon carbide around host stars with C/O ratios higher than 0.65 (cf. C/OSun = 0.54), in addition to its observations in meteorites, interstellar medium and protoplanetary disks. Consequently, the interiors of rocky exoplanets born from carbon-enriched refractory material are often assumed to contain large amounts of silicon carbide.
Aims. Here we aim to investigate the stability of silicon carbide in the interior of carbon-enriched rocky exoplanets and to derive the reaction leading to its transformation.
Methods. We performed a high-pressure high-temperature experiment to investigate the reaction between a silicon carbide layer and a layer representative of the bulk composition of a carbon-enriched rocky exoplanet.
Results. We report the reaction leading to oxidation of silicon carbide producing quartz, graphite, and molten iron silicide. Combined with previous studies, we show that in order to stabilize silicon carbide, carbon saturation is not sufficient, and a complete reduction of Fe2+ to Fe0 in a planetary mantle is required, suggesting that future spectroscopic detection of Fe2+ or Fe3+ on the surface of rocky exoplanets would imply the absence of silicon carbide in their interiors.
High-resolution abundance analysis of four red giants in the globular cluster NGC 6558
Authors: Barbuy B. , Muniz L. , Ortolani S. , Ernandes H. , Dias B. , Saviane I. , Kerber L. , Bica E. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Rossi L. , Held E. V. 
Published: October 2018

Context. NGC 6558 is a bulge globular cluster with a blue horizontal branch (BHB), combined with a metallicity of [Fe/H] ≈ −1.0. It is similar to HP 1 and NGC 6522, which could be among the oldest objects in the Galaxy. Element abundances in these clusters could reveal the nature of the first supernovae.
Aims. We aim to carry out detailed spectroscopic analysis for four red giants of NGC 6558, in order to derive the abundances of the light elements C, N, O, Na, Al, the α-elements Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, and the heavy elements Y, Ba, and Eu.
Methods. High-resolution spectra of four stars with FLAMES-UVES at VLT UT2-Kueyen were analysed. Spectroscopic parameter-derivation was based on excitation and ionization equilibrium of Fe I and Fe II.
Results. This analysis results in a metallicity of [Fe/H] = − 1.17 ± 0.10 for NGC 6558. We find the expected α-element enhancements in O and Mg with [O/Fe] = +0.40, [Mg/Fe] = +0.33, and low enhancements in Si and Ca. Ti has a moderate enhancement of [Ti/Fe] = +0.22. The r-element Eu appears very enhanced with a mean value of [Eu/Fe] = +0.63. The first peak s-elements Y and Sr are also enhanced, these results have however to be treated with caution, given the uncertainties in the continuum definition; the use of neutral species (Sr I, Y I), instead of the dominant ionized species is another source of uncertainty. Ba appears to have a solar abundance ratio relative to Fe.
Conclusions. NGC 6558 shows an abundance pattern that could be typical of the oldest inner bulge globular clusters, together with the pattern in the similar clusters NGC 6522 and HP 1. They show low abundances of the odd-Z elements Na and Al, and of the explosive nucleosynthesis α-elements Si, Ca, and Ti. The hydrostatic burning α-elements O and Mg are normally enhanced as expected in old stars enriched with yields from core-collapse supernovae, and the iron-peak elements Mn, Cu, Zn show low abundances, which is expected for Mn and Cu, but not for Zn. Finally, the cluster trio NGC 6558, NGC 6522, and HP 1 have relatively high abundances of first-peak heavy elements, variable second-peak element Ba, and the r-element Eu is enhanced. The latter is particularly high in NGC 6558.
K2-265 b: a transiting rocky super-Earth
Authors: Lam K. W. F. , Santerne A. , Sousa S. G. , Vigan A. , Armstrong D. J. , Barros S. C. C. , Brugger B. , Adibekyan V. , Almenara J.-M. , Delgado Mena E. , Dumusque X. , Barrado D. , Bayliss D. , Bonomo A. S. , Bouchy F. , Brown D. J. A. , Ciardi D. , Deleuil M. , Demangeon O. , Faedi F. , Foxell E. , Jackman J. A. G. , King G. W. , Kirk J. , Ligi R. , Lillo-Box J. , Lopez T. , Lovis C. , Louden T. , Nielsen L. D. , McCormac J. , Mousis O. , Osborn H. P. , Pollacco D. , Santos N. C. , Udry S. , Wheatley P. J. 
Published: October 2018

We report the discovery of the super-Earth K2-265 b detected with K2 photometry. The planet orbits a bright (Vmag = 11.1) star of spectral type G8V with a period of 2.37 days. We obtained high-precision follow-up radial velocity measurements from HARPS, and the joint Bayesian analysis showed that K2-265 b has a radius of 1.71 ± 0.11 R⊕ and a mass of 6.54 ± 0.84 M⊕, corresponding to a bulk density of 7.1 ± 1.8 g cm−3. Composition analysis of the planet reveals an Earth-like, rocky interior; this object has a rock mass fraction of ~80%. The short orbital period and small radius of the planet puts it below the lower limit of the photoevaporation gap, where the envelope of the planet could have eroded owing to strong stellar irradiation, leaving behind an exposed core. Knowledge of the planet core composition allows us to infer the possible formation and evolution mechanism responsible for its current physical parameters.
Deutschsprachige Leitlinien für die Aphasie- und
Dysarthriebehandlung nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Mandl Lena , Schindel Daniel , Deutschbein Johannes , Frick Johann , Schenk Liane 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Evaluation deutschsprachiger Leitlinien zur Aphasie- und
Dysarthriebehandlung im Vergleich mit internationalen Leitlinien.
Methoden Die nach strukturierter Recherche eingeschlossenen 6
deutschsprachigen Leitlinien wurden mit AGREE II evaluiert und den
Ergebnissen eines systematischen Reviews von 19 englischsprachigen
Leitlinien gegenübergestellt.
Ergebnisse Die Qualität der deutschsprachigen Leitlinien
erwies sich als heterogen. In 2 von 6 zu evaluierenden Domänen sowie
in der Gesamtbewertung konnte keine der deutschsprachigen Leitlinien den
Cut-Off-Wert von 66,67% für gute Leitlinienqualität
erreichen. Mit Ausnahme der Domäne Redaktionelle
Unabhängigkeit blieben diese auch unter den Wertungen der
internationalen Referenzen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Qualität kann teilweise mit einfachen
Mitteln erhöht werden. Ressourcenintensiver, aber zentral sind
Suchstrategien und Umgang mit recherchierter Evidenz transparent zu machen.
Eine Harmonisierung der deutschsprachigen Leitlinien erscheint
wünschenswert.