bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcome and mode of recurrence following noninducibility during noninvasive programmed stimulation after ventricular tachycardia ablation
Authors: Shirai Yasuhiro , Liang Jackson J. , Santangeli Pasquale , Arkles Jeffrey S. , Schaller Robert D. , Supple Gregory E. , Lin David , Nazarian Saman , Deo Rajat , Dixit Sanjay , Epstein Andrew E. , Callans David J. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Frankel David S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundNoninducibility of ventricular tachycardia (VT) at noninvasive programmed stimulation performed shortly following ablation (negative NIPS) predicts low risk of the medium‐term recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate long‐term rate and mode of recurrence following negative NIPS.MethodsWe extended follow‐up on patients in whom no VT could be induced at NIPS following ablation between 2008 and 2010. Recurrent VTs were categorized as “Original clinical” if they matched VT that had occurred spontaneously prior to the index ablation; “Original nonclinical” if they matched VT that was induced during the index ablation but had not occurred spontaneously; or “New.” Among those undergoing repeat ablation, the area ablated to treat the recurrent VT was categorized as “Targeted initial scar” if it was targeted during the index procedure; “Untargeted initial scar” if it was present but not targeted during the index procedure; or “New scar” if it was not present during the index procedure.ResultsOf 60 patients with negative NIPS, 18 (30%) had recurrent VT and nine underwent repeat ablation over (4.1 ± 3.2) years follow‐up. Of 23 recurrent VTs, 18 (78%) were “New.” During repeat ablations, six (46%) of the 13 recurrent VTs were ablated in “untargeted initial scar” and four (31%) in “new scar.”ConclusionsWhen spontaneous or inducible VTs are eliminated with ablation and no longer inducible during NIPS, these VTs are unlikely to recur during long‐term follow‐up. More commonly, new VTs occur, which are either associated with areas of scar not present or not targeted during the initial ablation.
Failure to detect life‐threatening arrhythmias in ICDs using single‐chamber detection criteria
Authors: Stroobandt Roland X. , Duytschaever Mattias F. , Strisciuglio Teresa , Van Heuverswyn Frederic E. , Timmers Liesbeth , De Pooter Jan , Knecht Sébastien , Vandekerckhove Yves R. , Kucher Andreas , Tavernier Rene H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are anecdotal reports of sudden death despite a functional implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). We sought to describe scenarios leading to fatal or near‐fatal outcome due to inappropriately inhibited ICD therapy in devices programmed with single‐chamber detection criteria.MethodsProgrammed settings, episode lists, and intracardiac electrograms from 24 patients with a life‐threatening event (n = 12) or fatal outcome (n = 12) related to failed ventricular arrhythmia detection were used to clarify the underlying scenario.ResultsFifty episodes of failed ventricular arrhythmia detection were identified and categorized into six scenarios: (1) spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) with a rate below the detection limits, (2) misclassification of polymorphic VT (PVT) or VF as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), (3) misclassification of VT/VF as cluster of nonsustained VT episodes, (4) misclassification of monomorphic VT (MVT) as SVT, (5) inappropriate shock abortion, and (6) false termination detection. These scenarios occurred respectively 6, 9, 3, 9, 8, and 15 times. In 9/9 (100%) patients with PVT/VF classified as SVT, rate stability was active for rates ranging from 222 to 250 beats/min. MVT detected as SVT was due to the sudden onset criterion in 7/9 (78%) patients and twice a consequence of the rate stability criterion active for rates ranging from 200 to 250 beats/min.ConclusionWe describe six scenarios leading to failure of ventricular arrhythmia detection in a single‐chamber detection setting withholding life‐saving therapy. These scenarios are more likely to occur with high‐rate programming and long detection times, especially if combined with rate stability and sudden onset.
Social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder from an interpersonal perspective
Authors: Frandsen Frederik Weischer , Simonsen Sebastian , Poulsen Stig , Sørensen Per , Lau Marianne Engelbrecht 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe general objective of this article is to study the unclear and overlapping relationship between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) from an interpersonal perspective. The first specific objective is to compare the disorders with regard to interpersonal problems and general symptom distress. The second specific objective is to examine interpersonal subgroups and pathoplasticity.DesignIn a cross‐sectional design, patients from an outpatient psychotherapy clinic diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD, n = 299), avoidant personality disorder (AvPD, n = 180), or the comorbid condition of both disorders (AvPD + SAD, n = 29) were assessed before treatment.MethodsPatients filled out the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP‐64) and the Symptom Checklist‐Revised (SCL‐R‐90) before treatment.Results and ConclusionsFrom an interpersonal perspective, the relationship between the diagnostic groups is well described by the severity continuum hypothesis, with similar interpersonal problems related to Nonassertiveness and lower levels of general interpersonal stress in the SAD group compared to the two AvPD groups. However, other differences in severity do not fit the severity continuum hypothesis, as there are no differences in severity on the global severity index, and, moreover, the SAD group has the most severe problems on the SCL‐90 phobic anxiety scale. Interpersonal pathoplasticity is not found in the diagnostic groups or in the full sample. However, three interpersonal subgroups are identified in the full sample, designated as Nonassertive, Friendly‐submissive, and Cold‐submissive. Implications for treatment are discussed.Practitioner points

SAD is characterized by a lower level of interpersonal distress compared to AvPD, but the two disorders are similar in having Nonassertiveness as their general interpersonal problem.

Contrary to expectation, SAD and AvPD did not differ in general level of symptom severity, and patients with SAD reported more problems with phobic anxiety than AvPD patients did.

When understanding SAD and AvPD as different conceptualizations of the same disorder and analysing all patients together, three distinct interpersonal subgroups emerge, which can be identified as Nonassertive, Friendly‐submissive, and Cold‐submissive.
Multiple melanocytic nevi restricted to mycosis fungoides patches in pediatric and young‐adult patients. The potential role of local immunosuppression
Authors: Martinez‐Escala Maria Estela , Amin Sapna Modi , Sable Kimberly Anne , Gerami Pedram , Guitart Joan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe described the development of multiple melanocytic nevi within long‐standing MF patches in four young patients. Mycosis fungoides (MF) patches are characterized by a regulatory‐like cytokine profile leading to local immune suppression. The proliferation of nevomelanocytes is regulated by cellular senescence mechanisms mediated by immune system. The immunosuppressive effect of MF infiltrate in conjunction with the systemic effect of treatments may play a specific role in the nevomelanogenesis of the patients herein described.
Digital mapping of soil ecosystem services in Scotland using neural networks and relationship modelling—Part 1: Mapping of soil classes
Authors: Aitkenhead Matt J. , Coull Malcolm C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA digital mapping approach was applied to soils in Scotland, producing maps at 100‐m resolution and different levels of classification. This used neural networks to predict fuzzy soil class weightings based upon site descriptors from existing soil survey data. The intention of this work was to produce a set of soil maps for Scotland, which provide greater spatial resolution mapping than currently available, and provide fuzzy data to be used in mapping of ecosystem services using a novel approach explained in a second paper. When selecting the class with the highest weighting for test data points, Producer's Accuracy of 70.7% was achieved in mapping the broadest classification (five classes), while Producer's Accuracy levels of 59.9% and 43.7% were achieved for 11 and 30 classes, respectively. Evaluation of confusion matrices generated from the neural network model tests showed that, particularly for the classification systems with 11 and 30 classes, misclassification errors were more common between similar soil classes than between classes that were very different from one another. This implies that straightforward estimation of classification accuracy that measures “correct” and “incorrect” gives misleading results, and that the fuzzy classification maps are more useful than the crisp classification accuracy values. These fuzzy classification maps are therefore potentially useful for evaluating ecosystem services relating to soil type. We conclude that the mapping approach used here provides a classification accuracy comparable to other approaches and that the outputs can be used for mapping soil properties, processes, functions and ecosystem services.
A double‐blinded, randomized, methylprednisolone‐controlled study on the efficacy of oclacitinib in the management of pruritus in cats with nonflea nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis
Authors: Noli Chiara , Matricoti Irina , Schievano Carlo 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundOclacitinib is a Janus‐kinase inhibitor that decreases interleukin‐31‐induced pruritus in cats. At 0.4–0.6 mg/kg/day orally, it decreased pruritus and skin lesions in <50% of allergic cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate efficacy and safety of oclacitinib in feline nonflea nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis (NFNFIHD).AnimalsForty cats with NFNFIHD.Methods and materialsCats were randomly assigned to receive oclacitinib (group A, 20 cats, 0.7–1.2 mg/kg) or methylprednisolone (group B, 20 cats, 0.5–1 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 28 days. On day (D)1 and D28, lesions were evaluated using the Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) scale and owners assessed pruritus using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and quality of life (QoL) questionnaire. Results were analysed by General Linear Mixed Model (P < 0.05). Haematochemical analyses were performed on D1 and D28.ResultsIn both groups all parameters improved significantly, with no difference at either time point. Group A had a 61% mean SCORFAD and 54% pruritus VAS improvement, compared with 69% and 67% in group B; 70% of cats in group A and 75% in group B achieved a ≥ 50% reduction of pruritus VAS scores; with 60% and 80% of SCORFAD. There were five non‐responders in group A and three in group B. The QoL score improved in both groups (25 and 21%). Four of 14 cats had mild increases in kidney function tests (oclacitinib group) and three of 12 cats had elevated alanine transferase (methylprednisolone group).Conclusions and clinical importanceOclacitinib appears to be effective for treating pruritus and lesions in cats with NFNFIHD, albeit methylprednisolone seemed to perform better.
The Elekta Fraxion™ system is not suitable for maxillary fixation in canine conformal radiation therapy techniques
Authors: Yu Sonya , Morrow Deanna , Moutrie Vaughan , Lurie David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this prospective, exploratory study, we evaluated the positioning accuracy in a group of 15 dogs undergoing fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for tumors affecting the head, using a modified human maxillary fixation device (Elekta Fraxion™ system). Positioning was assessed using on‐board volumetric imaging, with a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom image registration technique. Prior to treatment delivery, CBCT images were obtained and patient alignment was corrected, in both translational and rotational planes, using a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom robotic patient positioning system (HexaPOD Evo RT System). The maximum angular inter‐fraction motions observed were 6.1° (yaw), 10.9° (pitch), and 4.5° (roll). The mean systematic translational errors were 4.7, 2.6, and 2.3 mm, mean random translational errors were 3.0, 2.2, and 2.5 mm, and mean overall translational errors were 2.4, 0.7, and 2.3 mm in the cranial‐caudal, lateral, and dorsal‐ventral directions, respectively. The mean systematic rotational errors were 1.17°, 0.77°, and 1.43°, the mean rotational random errors were 1.65°, 1.46°, and 1.34° and the mean overall rotational errors were 0.56°, 0.22°, and 0.29° in the yaw, pitch, and roll directions, respectively. The mean error of the three‐dimensional vector was 6.9 mm with a standard deviation of 3.8 mm. Ninety‐five percent of the three‐dimensional vectors were <14.8 mm. This study demonstrates that this maxillary fixation device relies on six‐degrees‐of‐freedom registration and an ability to apply corrections using a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom couch for accurate patient positioning and tumor targeting. Its use in conformal radiation therapy in dogs is not recommended.
Canine insulinomas appear hyperintense on MRI T2‐weighted images and isointense on T1‐weighted images
Authors: Walczak Raelyn , Paek Matthew , Uzzle Matthew , Taylor Jim , Specchi Swan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClinical and imaging diagnosis of canine insulinomas has proven difficult due to nonspecific clinical signs and the small size of these tumors. The aim of this retrospective case series study was to describe MRI findings in a group of dogs with pancreatic insulinomas. Included dogs were presented for suspected pancreatic insulinoma, MRI was used to assist with localization of the primary lesion, and the diagnosis was confirmed with surgical exploratory laparotomy and histopathology. The MRI studies for each dog were retrieved and the following data were recorded: T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted signal intensities, type of contrast enhancement, size and location of the primary lesion, and characteristics of metastatic lesions (if present). A total of four dogs were sampled. In all patients, the insulinoma displayed high‐intensity signal on T2‐weighted fat saturation images, similar to human studies. On postcontrast T1‐weighted fat saturation images, the tumors were primarily isointense to normal pancreatic tissue, in contrast to human studies where a low‐intensity signal is typically identified. Abnormal islet tissue was detected with MRI in all four dogs and metastases were identified in three dogs. Variations in the MRI appearance of primary and metastatic lesions were identified and could have been related to the variation of tissue composition, including the presence of neoplastic cells, hemorrhage, and fibrovascular stroma, and to the transformation of this tissue throughout the disease process.
An Examination of Pre-Service Teachers’ Competencies in Lesson Planning
Authors: Süral Serhat 
Published: January 2019

This study concerns the investigation of pre-service teachers’ competencies in lesson planning from different perspectives. In this respect, it is intended to develop a roadmap to figure out the pre-service teachers’ competency levels in lesson planning pertaining to a four-year- education program. The study was designed as a quantitative study and the general screening model was used. This model is designed with the relational screening model. The study population comprises of 3rd grade and senior students majoring in classroom, preschool, science, social sciences, mathematics and Turkish language teaching departments at Pamukkale University in the 2018-2019 academic year. “The Competency Scale for Lesson Planning” developed by the researcher attempted to determine pre-service teachers’ competencies in lesson planning. Considering reliability and validity levels of the scale, this scale can also be administered to different sample groups. The results denoted that pre-service teachers have an optimal level of competency in lesson planning.
A Screw Approach to the Approximation of the Local Geometry of the Configuration Space and of the Set of Configurations of Certain Rank of Lower Pair Linkages
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A motion of a mechanism is a curve in its configuration space (c-space). Singularities of the c-space are kinematic singularities of the mechanism. Any mobility analysis of a particular mechanism amounts to investigating the c-space geometry at a given configuration. A higher-order analysis is necessary to determine the finite mobility. To this end, past research leads to approaches using higher-order time derivatives of loop closure constraints assuming (implicitly) that all possible motions are smooth. This continuity assumption limits the generality of these methods. In this paper, an approach to the higher-order local mobility analysis of lower pair multiloop linkages is presented. This is based on a higher-order Taylor series expansion of the geometric constraint mapping, for which a recursive algebraic expression in terms of joint screws is presented. An exhaustive local analysis includes analysis of the set of constraint singularities (configurations where the constraint Jacobian has certain corank). A local approximation of the set of configurations with certain rank is presented, along with an explicit expression for the differentials of Jacobian minors in terms of instantaneous joint screws. The c-space and the set of points of certain corank are therewith locally approximated by an algebraic variety determined algebraically from the mechanism's screw system. The results are shown for a simple planar 4-bar linkage, which exhibits a bifurcation singularity and for a planar three-loop linkage exhibiting a cusp in c-space. The latter cannot be treated by the higher-order local analysis methods proposed in the literature.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Dosing of Novel Pediatric Levofloxacin Dispersible Tablets in Children with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Exposure
Authors: Garcia-Prats Anthony J. , Purchase Susan E. , Osman Muhammad , Draper Heather R. , Schaaf H. Simon , Wiesner Lubbe , Denti Paolo , Hesseling Anneke C. 
Published: January 2019

This study characterized the pharmacokinetics of novel 100-mg levofloxacin dispersible tablets in 24 children aged <5 years who had household multidrug-resistant tuberculosus (MDR-TB) exposure. The current data were pooled with previously published data from children (
n
= 109) with MDR-TB receiving adult (250-mg) levofloxacin tablets, using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling.
An interview with Lauren Maffeo
Authors: Anjum Bushra 
Published: January 2019

Lauren Maffeo is a research analyst who joined the global technology sector in 2012. She started her career as a freelance journalist covering tech news for The Next Web and The Guardian. She has also worked with CEOs of pre-seed to profitable SaaS startups on media strategy. Lauren joined GetApp, a Gartner company, as a content editor in 2016. She covers the impact of emerging tech like AI on small and midsize business owners.
Lauren has been cited by sources including Forbes, Fox Business, DevOps Digest, The Atlantic, and Inc.com. In 2017, Lauren was named to The Drum's 50 Under 30 list of women worth watching in digital. She holds an M.Sc. from The London School of Economics and a certificate in Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Business Strategy from MIT's Sloan School of Management.
Defective FXR-FGF15 signaling and bile acid homeostasis in cystic fibrosis mice can be restored by the laxative polyethylene glycol
Authors: Bertolini Anna , van de Peppel Ivo P. , Doktorova-Demmin Marcela , Bodewes Frank A. J. A. , de Jonge Hugo , Bijvelds Marcel , Verkade Henkjan J. , Jonker Johan W. 
Published: January 2019

The gastrointestinal phenotype of cystic fibrosis (CF) features intestinal bile acid (BA) malabsorption, impaired intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation, and consequently reduced fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19, FGF15 in mice) production. The osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been shown to decrease intestinal mucus accumulation in CF mice and could, by doing so, improve BA reabsorption. Here we determined the effect of PEG on BA excretion and FXR-FGF15 signaling in CF mice. Male Cftr−/−tm1Unc (CF) and wild-type (WT) littermates were administered PEG 4000 in drinking water and fed either chow or a semisynthetic diet. PEG was withdrawn for 3 days before termination. Fecal BA excretion was measured at PEG dosages of 37 g/l (100%) and 0 g/l (0%). Ileal FXR activation was assessed by gene expression of its downstream targets Fgf15 and small heterodimer partner ( Shp). In CF mice, PEG withdrawal increased fecal BA excretion on either diet compared with full PEG dosage (chow, 2-fold, P = 0.06; semisynthetic, 4.4-fold, P = 0.007). PEG withdrawal did not affect fecal BA excretion in WT mice on either diet. After PEG withdrawal, gene expression levels of intestinal FXR target genes Fgf15 and Shp were decreased in CF mice but unaffected in WT littermates. PEG did not affect the gene expression of the main intestinal BA transporter apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT). PEG treatment ameliorates intestinal BA malabsorption in CF mice and restores intestinal FXR-FGF15 signaling, independent from Asbt gene expression. These findings highlight the potential of PEG in the prevention and treatment of the gastrointestinal phenotype of CF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A gastrointestinal feature of cystic fibrosis is bile acid malabsorption and consequent impairment of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling. FXR-FGF15 signaling regulates various metabolic processes and could be implicated in metabolic and gastrointestinal complications of cystic fibrosis, such as diabetes and liver disease. In cystic fibrosis mice, treatment with the osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol is associated with decreased fecal bile acid loss and restoration of FXR-FGF15 signaling.