bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micronutrient and Phytic acid Contents of Wild Edible Fruits Collected from Temcha Watershed of Amhara Region (Ethiopia) to Combat Hidden Hunger
Authors: Reta Haimanot Terefe , Demissew Sebsebe , Asfaw Zemede , Zewdu Ashagrie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstracts
Background: Locally available and easily accessible, underused complementary foods including wild edible fruit species are affordable and potentially more acceptable than other options to address the problem of ‘hidden hunger’ or micronutrient deficiency. Study aimed to collect and determine the nutritional composition of wild edible fruits with its bioavailability collected from Temcha watershed.
Methods: Semi structured interviews were administered to collect all wild edible plants and its associated knowledge through the participation of informants systematically selected from six sub districts in the study area. Mineral and pyhtate content and molar ratio of phytate to mineral ratio were determined using standard methods.
Results: Based on the total use value of all wild edible plants, the top 18 wild edible fruits were selected for dietary analysis. The zinc contents of the analyzed fruits were ranged in between 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/100g -88.89 ± 0.42 mg/100g. The iron content of the analyzed fruits were ranged in between 5.84 ±0.00 mg/100 g – 148 ± 0.93 mg/100g and the calcium contents were in between 53.25 ± 0.45 mg/100g – 1280 ± 0.77 mg/100g. The phytate content of each fruits were ranged in between 6.9 ± 0.00 mg/100g – 51.4 ± 0.04 mg/100g.
Conclusions: Combination of Ficus sycomorus and either of all wild edible fruits satisfy the daily-recommended allowance of calcium for male and female age 10-18 (1300 mg/100 g). Almost all WEFs provides optimum amount of iron for Children up to 10 years required 11.6 – 17.8 mg / day except Embelia schimperi, Ficus sur, Rossa abyssinica, Rubus studinary & Ximenia americana. The different amount of zinc (0.66 - 89 mg /100 g) contributes to control progressive stunting in children in the study area. The phytate concentrations of wild edible fruits do not have a negative impact on the bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc. The micronutrient content of wild edible fruits provided a lot of contribution for the study area communities and those who shared similar feeding culture elsewhere in the country.
Key words: Micronutrients, temcha watershed, wild edible fruits,
Inhibition of autophagy triggers melatonin-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Zhou Nan , Wei Zixuan , Qi Zengxin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Autophagy is considered to beanother restorative focus for the treatment of brain tumors. Although several research have demonstrated that melatonin induces autophagy in colon cancer and hepatoma cells, there has not been any direct evidence of whether melatonin is capable of inducing autophagy in human glioma cells.
Results: In the present research, we report that melatonin or its agonist, agomelatine, induced autophagy inA172 and U87-MG glioblastoma cells for a concentration-and time-dependent way, whichwas significantly attenuated by treatment with luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist. Furthermore, by suppressing autophagy at the late-stage with bafilomycin A1 and early stage with 3-MA, we found that the melatonin-induced autophagy was activated early, and the autophagic flux was complete. Melatonin treatment alone did not induce any apoptotic changes in the glioblastoma cells, as measured by flow cytometry. Western blot studies confirmed that melatonin alone prominently upregulated the levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 II, which was accompanied by an increase in the expression of Bcl-2, whereas it had no effect on the expression of Bax in the glioblastoma cells. Remarkably, co-treatment with 3-MA and melatonin significantly enhanced the apoptotic cell population in the glioblastoma cells, along with a prominent decrease in the expression of bcl-2 and increase in the Bax expression levels, which collectively indicated that the disruption of autophagy triggers the melatonin-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.
Conclusions: These results provide information indicating that melatonin may act as a common upstream signal between autophagy and apoptosis, which may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for glioma.
Development of teaching quality evaluation questionnaire for preclinical courses: an exploratory factor analysis
Authors: He Pan , Ye Xiaofei , Feng Nannan , Huang Hengye , Qiu Yulan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Course quality assessment contributes to evaluate teaching effectiveness and to improve student learning. Several course quality assessment questionnaires have been carried out associated with teaching quality evaluation of medical education. However, little is known about views of medical students regarding the quality of preclinical courses. To fill this gap, we aimed to develop a novel multi-dimension instrument for assessing teaching quality with the perception of medical students in preclinical courses.Methods The original Teaching Quality Evaluation Questionnaire (TQEQ) containing seven dimensions: course contents, teaching abilities, teaching methods, teaching attitudes, learning outcomes, teacher characteristics, student subjection, consisting of 47 items was formed according to literature reviews and group design. We sent the original questionnaires with items in a random order to medical students of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. After collecting the valid questionnaires, the exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for evaluating internal consistency reliability of the questionnaires.Results In total, 590/646 (91.3%) of participants completed the questionnaire regarding preclinical course evaluation. The exploratory factor analysis yielded seven common factors, learning outcomes, teaching attitudes, student subjection, teaching abilities, teaching methods, teacher characteristics, teaching interactions, consisting of 39 items explained 58.449% of total variance and the factor loading value was above 0.4. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.669 to 0.914.Conclusion This study provides a new, validated and useful instrument for measuring teaching effectiveness of preclinical courses based on the views of medical students. It is feasible for use in medical schools.
Are countries’ self-reported assessments of their capacity for infectious disease control reliable? Associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes
Authors: Tsai Feng-Jen , Tipayamongkholgul Mathuros 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes.

Methods

Countries’ self-reported assessments implemented by percentages as IHR Monitoring Tools (IHRMT) in 2016 and 2017 were used to represent national capacity regarding infectious disease control. WHO Disease Outbreak News and matched diseases reports on ProMED-mail were collected in 2016 to represent disease control outcomes of countries. Disease control outcomes were divided in good, normal and bad groups based on the development of outbreaks listed in the reports. The Human Development Index (HDI), density of physicians and nurses, health expenditure, number of arrivals of international tourists were also collected for control. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied for analysis.

Results

A total of 907 cases occurred in 92 countries. For all diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries (OR = 2.19 for IHR 2016, OR =2.97 for IHR 2017). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 7.83 for IHR 2016 and OR = 2.23 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. For only human diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries for IHR 2017 (OR =2.79). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 11.16 for IHR 2016 and OR = 3.45 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. The HDI, health workforce density and total health expenditure were all positively associated with disease control outcomes.

Conclusions

Countries’ self-reported infectious disease control capacities positively correlated with their disease control outcomes. While the self-reported IHR scores were accountable to some degree, this approach was useful for understanding global capacity in infectious disease control and in allocating resources for future preparedness.
Nuclear Factor Kappa B Increases CX3CR1 Expression in BV-2 Microglial Cells and Aggravates Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Ye Zhi , Guo Qulian , Li Xilei , Wang E , Zou Wangyuan , Sun Zhihua , He Zhenghua , Zhong Tao , Weng Yingqi , Pan Yundan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Nuclear factor kappa B is well-known for its pro-neuroinflammation function. However, it remains unknown how it increases the expression of inflammatory factors, which in turn promotes neuropathic pain. Here we investigated its role in the development of neuropathic pain in rats using a sciatic chronic constriction injury model and examined its effect in up-regulating CX3CR1 expression in BV-2 microglial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Methods : The sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was used to induce neuropathic pain in rats. Mechanical stimuli and radiant heat were used to evaluate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. The pain related behavioral effect of Nuclear factor kappa B was accessed after intrathecal administration of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor. BV-2 microglia activation was induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha incubation, and the levels of inflammatory factors and CX3CR1 were assessed.
Results: Intrathecal infusion of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor, at 100 or 1000 pmol/d prevented the development of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and inhibited spinal microglial activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. In addition, phospho-p65 expression revealed that transient nuclear factor kappa B activation in BV-2 microglial cells was triggered by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.and increased CX3CR1 mRNA and protein expression. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducedexpression of CX3CR1.
Conclusion: These results suggested that the activation of nuclear factor kappa B pathway might enhance spinal microglial activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in neuropathic pain and the phosphorylation of p65 might be responsible for tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced CX3CR1 expression in BV-2 microglial cells.
The functions of ocu-miR-205 in regulating hair follicle development of Rex rabbits
Authors: Liu Gongyan , Li Shu , Liu Hongli , Zhu Yanli , Bai Liya , Sun Haitao , Gao Shuxia , Jiang Wenxue , Li Fuchang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Hair follicles is an appendage from the vertebrate skin epithelium, and arise from the embryonic ectoderm andregenerate cyclically during adult life. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) is the key dermal component of the hair follicle that directly regulates hair follicle development, growth and regeneration. Recent studies have reported that miRNA plays an important role in regulating hair follicle morphogenesis, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells.
Results: The miRNAs expression profile of the DPCs from different hair density Rex rabbits shown that 240 differentially expressed of miRNAs were screened (log 2 (HD/LD)｜>1.00 and Q-value≤0.001). Among them, the expression of ocu-miR-205-5p in low hair densities DPCs was higher than that in high hair densities, and it is highly expressed in the skin tissue of Rex rabbits ( P <0.05). ocu-miR-205 could increase cell proliferation and cell apoptosis ratio, change cell cycle process ( P <0.05), affect the genes expression of PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Notch and BMP signaling pathways in DPCs and skin tissue of Rex rabbits, inhibit the protein phosphorylation level of CTNNB1, GSK-3β and the protein expression level of noggin (NOG), promote Akt phosphorylation level ( P <0.05). There was no significant change in primary follicle density ( P >0.05), but the secondary follicle density and total follicle density ( P <0.05) were changed after ocu-miR-205-5p interfered expression, and secondary/primary ratio (S/P) in ocu-miR-205-5p interfered expression group increased at 14 days after injection ( P <0.05).
Conclusion: ocu-miR-205 could promote the apoptosis of DPCs, affect PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Notch and BMP signaling pathways genes and proteins expression in DPCs and skin of Rex rabbits, promote the transformation of hair follicles from growth phase to regression and resting phase, and affect hair density of Rex rabbits.
A counseling intervention to address HIV stigma at entry into antenatal care in Tanzania (Maisha): Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Watt Melissa H. , Knippler Elizabeth T. , Minja Linda , Kisigo Godfrey , Knettel Brandon A. , Ngocho James S. , Renju Jenny , Osaki Haika , Mwamba Rimel , Rogathi Jane J. , Mmbaga Blandina T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: HIV-related stigma significantly impacts HIV care engagement, including in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs. Maisha is a stigma-based counseling intervention delivered during the first antenatal care (ANC) visit, complementing routine HIV counselling and testing. The goal of Maisha is to promote readiness to initiate and sustain treatment among those who are HIV-positive, and to reduce HIV stigmatizing attitudes among those who test negative. Methods : A pilot randomized control trial (RCT) will assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering Maisha in a clinical setting, and the potential efficacy of the intervention on HIV care engagement outcomes (for HIV-positive participants) and HIV stigma constructs (for all participants). 1000 women and approximately 700 male partners will be recruited from two study clinics in the Moshi municipality of Tanzania. Participants will be enrolled at their first ANC visit, prior to HIV testing. It is estimated that 50 women (5%) will be identified as HIV-positive. Following consent and a baseline survey, participants will be randomly assigned to either the control (standard of care) or the Maisha intervention. The Maisha intervention includes a video and counseling session prior to HIV testing, and two additional counseling sessions if the participant tests positive for HIV or has an established HIV diagnosis. A sub-set of approximately 500 enrolled participants (all HIV-positive participants, and a random selection of HIV-negative participants who have elevated stigma attitude scores) will complete a follow-up assessment at 3 months. Measures will include health outcomes (care engagement, antiretroviral adherence, depression) and HIV stigma outcomes. Quality assurance data will be collected and the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention will be described. Statistical analysis will examine potential differences between conditions in health outcomes and stigma measures, stratified by HIV status. Discussion : Antenatal care (ANC) provides a unique and important entry point to address HIV stigma. Interventions are needed to improve retention in PMTCT care and to improve community attitudes toward people living with HIV. Results of the Maisha pilot will be used to generate parameter estimates and potential ranges of values to estimate power for a full cluster-randomized trial in PMTCT settings, with extended follow-up and enhanced adherence measurement using a biomarker.
Detecting abnormal fundus images by employing deep transfer learning
Authors: yu yan , Wu Changfan , Chen Xiao , Zhu Xiangbing , Hou Yinfen , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Rongrong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
BackgroundTo develop and validate a deep transfer learning (DTL) algorithm in detecting abnormalities of fundus images from non-mydriatic fundus photography examination.Methods1,295 fundus images from January 2017 to December 2018 at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were collected for developing and validating the deep transfer learning algorithm in detecting abnormal fundus images. The DTL model was developed by using 929(normal 254, abnormal 402) fundus images, including normal fundus images and abnormal fundus images, the latter including, maculopathy, optic neuropathy, vascular lesion, choroidal lesions, vitreous disease, cataract and the others. We tested our model using a subset of the publically available MESSIDOR dataset (using 366 images) and evaluate the testing performance of the DTL model for detecting abnormal fundus images. ResultsIn the internal validation data set (n=273 images), the AUC, sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of the DTL for correctly classified funds images were 0.997, 97.41%, 97.07% and 96.82%, respectively. For test data set (n=273 images), the AUC, sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of the DTL for correctly classification funds images were 0.926, 88.17%, 87.18% and 86.67%, respectively.ConclusionIn the evaluation, the DTL presented high sensitivity and specificity for detecting abnormal fundus-related diseases. Further research is necessary to improve this method and evaluate the applicability of the DTL in the community health care center.
Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Kassa Getahun Molla , Merid Mehari Mariam 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background : Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health survey 2016 data. Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for FGM interview. The data was weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS excel and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis was done using STATA 14. Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinants of FGM. Result : Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.46, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM as required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation. Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas located. in Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions . Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation Key words : Female Genital Mutilations, Spatial analysis
Mass Media Exposure and use of family planning in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016
Authors: Alganeh Habtamu , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikade 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Mass media is a significant force in the digital divide era in which communities and individuals are engaged constantly with messages from a crowd of information sources. As family planning is influenced by mass media, there is a need to study the impact of mass media exposure on family planning utilization.
Incidence Trend of Breast Cancer and its Risk Factors in Women of Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries between 1998 and 2018: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zahedi Razieh , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Afshar Reza Malekpour , Sarabi Roghayeh Ershad , Tavakoli Ftemeh , Zolala Farzaneh 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background This study was conducted to determine the current Age Standardized Rate (ASR) of breast cancer and its trend from 1998 to 2018, and relational factors of countries’ development as risk factors in breast cancer occurrence in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Methods Using systematic review and meta-analysis method, data on incidence of breast cancer was collected from various sources including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, WHO from 1998 to 2018. Pooled ASR was calculated using subgroup analysis according to period of study and quality of data, by applying random effect meta-analysis method. Results 499 data points (76 studies) were analyzed. Pooled ASR of breast cancer for EMR during 2011-2018 was 39.8 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.01, 43.9). ASR of Breast cancer had an upward trend in EMR from 2005 to 2018; however, the increasing pattern had been somewhat different in various regions based on data quality groups 1998-2018. Pooled ASR had a significant association with Human Development Index [-6.6 (95%CI, -8.9, -4.3)] and obesity [0.1 (95% CI, 0.07, 0.1)]. Conclusion Pooled ASR of breast cancer in EMR is lower than the global average. The ASR value and incremental trend in low-quality data group is higher than others in recent years. The possible reasons for the incremental trend are data quality or physiological ones such as increasing obesity.