bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“…Not Intended to Diagnose, Treat, Cure or Prevent Any Disease.” 25 Years of Botanical Dietary Supplement Research and the Lessons Learned
Authors: Gurley Bill J. , Yates Charles R. , Markowitz John S. 
Published: June 2018

Botanical dietary supplements (BDS) are complex mixtures of phytochemicals exhibiting complex pharmacology and posing complex research challenges. For 25 years, clinical pharmacologists researching BDS have confronted a litany of issues unlike those encountered with conventional medications. Foundational to these concerns is the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, which exempted BDS from premarket safety and efficacy trials. In the ensuing period, safety concerns regarding multi‐ingredient products formulated as “proprietary blends” and herb‐drug interactions have garnered significant attention. Idiosyncrasies unique to BDS can affect the outcome and interpretation of in vitro and in vivo studies, and although “omics” approaches hold promise in uncovering BDS efficacy mechanisms, purposeful adulteration threatens their safety. Despite a quarter century of public use, healthcare professionals still know little about BDS, thus it falls to industry, government, and academia to join forces in promoting a new paradigm for BDS research and product development.
CYP2D6 Genotype Phenotype Discordance Due to Drug‐Drug Interaction
Authors: Monte Andrew A. , West Kelsey , McDaniel Kyle T. , Flaten Hania K. , Saben Jessica , Shelton Shelby , Abdelmawla Farah , Bushman Lane R. , Williamson Kayla , Abbott Diana , Anderson Peter L. 
Published: June 2018

Drug‐drug interactions have been demonstrated to alter cytochrome 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme phenotype due to inhibitor ingestion, although it is unclear how substrate interactions affect phenotype. This was a pragmatic clinical trial examining the kinetics of a CYP2D6 enzyme probe drug with and without CYP2D6‐dependent substrates. Patients were enrolled into an inpatient study unit, and orally administered a 2 mg microdose of dextromethorphan (DM) to probe enzyme activity with and without CYP2D6‐dependent drug‐drug interactions. Thirty‐nine subjects were enrolled in this trial. Twelve subjects were on no CYP2D6‐dependent drugs and 27 were on one or more CYP2D6‐dependent drugs. There were 1 poor metabolizer, 5 intermediate metabolizers, 31 normal metabolizers, and 2 ultra‐rapid metabolizers. Those with co‐ingestion of another CYP2D6‐dependent drug were 9.49 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54–186.41; P = 0.01) times more likely to have genotype‐phenotype discordance based upon the 3 hours dextrophan/dextromethorphan (DX/DM) ratio. CYP2D6 substrate co‐ingestions can cause genotype‐phenotype discordance.
Electrochemically Deposited Nickel Oxide from Molecular Complexes for Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Tong Lianpeng , Wu Wenling , Kuepper Karsten , Scheurer Andreas , Meyer Karsten 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA facile method for the electrodeposition of amorphous nickel oxyhydroxide is described and discussed in which well‐defined nickel complexes with pyridinedimethanol ligands are employed as single‐source molecular precursors. No buffering agent is required to assist the anodic deposition process. The deposited nickel oxyhydroxide shows high robustness and efficiency for electrocatalytic water oxidation.
The long‐term evolution of the Doruneh Fault region (Central Iran): A key to understanding the spatio‐temporal tectonic evolution in the hinterland of the Zagros convergence zone
Authors: Tadayon Meisam , Rossetti Federico , Zattin Massimiliano , Calzolari Gabriele , Nozaem Reza , Salvini Francesco , Faccenna Claudio , Khodabakhshi Pouria 
Published: June 2018

A better understanding of intraplate deformation requires the knowledge of the space–time scales involved in its development and to decipher possible links with the dynamic evolution of the plate boundaries. Central Iran provides an ideal test site to approach this scientific issue, since it is characterised by a prolonged history of Mesozoic–Cenozoic intraplate deformation that has been interfering with the spatio‐temporal re‐organization of the Zagros convergence zone along the Eurasia plate boundary. This study focus on the Doruneh Fault (DF) region that is considered as the northern mechanical boundary of the Central East Iranian Microcontinent. By combining field investigations with apatite low‐temperature thermochronology, we present a revised tectono‐stratigraphic scenario for the DF region, typified by a punctuated history of fault‐related exhumation, burial and cooling history back to the Upper Cretaceous. When framed at regional scale, these results attest that the Zagros convergence zone, and its hinterland domain were fully mechanically coupled since ca. 40–35 Ma, a time lapse that is here referred as to the onset of continental collision along the Arabia–Eurasia plate boundary. In this scenario, the DF region operated throughout the Cenozoic as a major zone of residual stress accommodation and transfer in the hinterland domain of the Zagros convergence zone. Results of this study also suggest that the tectonic evolution along the Arabia–Eurasia plate boundary was modulated by the plate‐boundary dynamics and by the modes of tectonic reactivation of the intracontinental weak zones of Central Iran and at its tectonic boundaries.
New basal synapsid discovery at the Permian outcrop of Torre del Porticciolo (Alghero, Italy)
Authors: Romano Marco , Citton Paolo , Maganuco Simone , Sacchi Eva , Caratelli Martina , Ronchi Ausonio , Nicosia Umberto 
Published: June 2018

The Torre del Porticciolo fossil locality is notable for producing the first osteological material of a basal (i.e., non‐mammalian) synapsid in Italy, the giant herbivore Alierasaurus ronchii, which although known from fragmentary remains, likely represents the largest known late early to early middle Permian synapsid (6–7 m total length). Recently, a new productive site was discovered about 100 m from the Alierasaurus type locality, but roughly at the same stratigraphic level. The fragmentary nature of most of the recovered bones prompted a taphonomical analysis in order to define the type of find, the kind of burial, and the mode of preservation. The vertebrate remains allowed us to infer a complex taphonomical process involving a multiphase entombment. The recovered bones were subjected to both re‐exhumation and reworking. The last short and violent transportation phase before final entombment occurred as a high‐energy flow, probably caused by a river flood that carried sediment and bones together to be emplaced in a semi‐perennial pond in a crevasse splay deposit. Preliminary analysis of recovered material indicates the presence of a large carnivorous basal synapsid referable to the family Sphenacodontidae. This discovery represents the first carnivorous non‐therapsid synapsid from the Permian of Italy and one of only very few known from Europe.
Altered brain activation and connectivity during anticipation of uncertain threat in trait anxiety
Authors: Geng Haiyang , Wang Yi , Gu Ruolei , Luo Yue‐Jia , Xu Pengfei , Huang Yuxia , Li Xuebing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the research field of anxiety, previous studies generally focus on emotional responses following threat. A recent model of anxiety proposes that altered anticipation prior to uncertain threat is related with the development of anxiety. Behavioral findings have built the relationship between anxiety and distinct anticipatory processes including attention, estimation of threat, and emotional responses. However, few studies have characterized the brain organization underlying anticipation of uncertain threat and its role in anxiety. In the present study, we used an emotional anticipation paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the aforementioned topics by employing brain activation and general psychophysiological interactions (gPPI) analysis. In the activation analysis, we found that high trait anxious individuals showed significantly increased activation in the thalamus, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), as well as decreased activation in the precuneus, during anticipation of uncertain threat compared to the certain condition. In the gPPI analysis, the key regions including the amygdala, dmPFC, and precuneus showed altered connections with distributed brain areas including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), inferior parietal sulcus (IPS), insula, para‐hippocampus gyrus (PHA), thalamus, and MTG involved in anticipation of uncertain threat in anxious individuals. Taken together, our findings indicate that during the anticipation of uncertain threat, anxious individuals showed altered activations and functional connectivity in widely distributed brain areas, which may be critical for abnormal perception, estimation, and emotion reactions during the anticipation of uncertain threat.
R‐THP‐COP versus R‐CHOP in patients younger than 70 years with untreated diffuse large B cell lymphoma: A randomized, open‐label, noninferiority phase 3 trial
Authors: Hara Takeshi , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Goto Hideko , Sawada Michio , Yamada Toshiki , Fukuno Kenji , Kasahara Senji , Shibata Yuhei , Matsumoto Takuro , Mabuchi Ryoko , Nakamura Nobuhiko , Nakamura Hiroshi , Ninomiya Soranobu , Kitagawa Junichi , Kanemura Nobuhiro , Nannya Yasuhito , Katsumura Naoki , Takahashi Takeshi , Kito Yusuke , Takami Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Takeuchi Tamotsu , Shimizu Masahito , Tsurumi Hisashi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPirarubicin (tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin [THP]) is an anthracyclin with less cardiotoxicity than doxorubicin (DOX). We previously reported the efficacy and safety of R‐THP‐COP consisting of rituximab (R), THP, cyclophosphamide (CPA), vincristine (VCR), and prednisolone (PSL) for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in phase 2 studies. Here, we prospectively compared the efficacy and safety of the R‐THP‐COP and standard R‐CHOP regimen (consisting of R, CPA, DOX, VCR, and PSL) in a noninferiority phase 3 trial. This prospective, randomized phase 3 study included patients younger than 70 years of age with previously untreated DLBCL. The regimen consisted of R (day 1), DOX, or THP (day 3), CPA (day 3), VCR (day 3), and PSL for 5 days every 3 weeks for 6 to 8 cycles. Between July 5, 2006 and June 11, 2013, 81 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment groups (R‐CHOP group, 40 patients; R‐THP‐COP group, 41 patients). R‐THP‐COP was noninferior to R‐CHOP, as assessed by the primary endpoint of complete response rate (85% vs 85% respectively). With a median follow‐up of 75.2 months, the 5‐year overall survival was 87% in the R‐CHOP group and 82% in the R‐THP‐COP group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31‐2.49; P = .82). The 5‐year progression‐free survival was 74% in the R‐CHOP group and 79% in the R‐THP‐COP group (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 0.56‐3.55; P = .49). No grade 3 cardiac side effects were observed in either group. No serious late adverse reactions were observed in either group, with the exception of therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia in the R‐THP‐COP group. These data indicate that R‐THP‐COP is noninferior to R‐CHOP with regard to clinical response, and has an acceptable safety profile. Thus, this regimen may be an alternative therapy to R‐CHOP.
Inside Cover: Light sheet microscopy and SrAl2O4 nanoparticles codoped with Eu2+/Dy3+ ions for cancer cell tagging (J. Biophotonics 6/2018)
Authors: Can‐Uc Bonifacio , Montes‐Frausto Juana B. , Juarez‐Moreno Karla , Licea‐Rodriguez Jacob , Rocha‐Mendoza Israel , Hirata Gustavo A. 
Published: June 2018

Optically‐sectioned image of a single MCF‐7 cancer cell taken under light‐sheet microscopy. Green color corresponds to the persistent luminescence signal, from internalized FA‐SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ nanoparticles (NPs) through folate receptors, indicating the cytoplasmic localization. Blue color corresponds to DAPI fluorescence signal from the cell nucleus. The NPs and cell preparations were conducted at CNyN‐UNAM. The imaging was conducted at the Advanced Optical Microscopy Laboratory of CICESE.Further details can be found in the article by Bonifacio Can‐Uc et al. (e201700301).
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Two gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by sapovirus in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang MD Jinjin , Li PhD Yuan , Kong MD Xiangxu , Li PhD Huiying , Zhang BA Qing , Jin PhD Miao , Wang PhD Yongjie , Duan PhD Zhaojun 
Published: June 2018

Human sapoviruses (SaVs) are a common cause of the acute gastroenteritis epidemic worldwide, and SaV outbreaks and infections have become more frequent in recent years. Since the end of December, 2015 to December, 2016, 2 gastroenteritis outbreaks occurred in 2 kindergarten classes (outbreaks A and B) in the Baoan district, Shenzhen, China. Feces and swabs were collected for laboratory tests of causative agents, and no bacterial pathogens were detected. Both the outbreaks were positive for SaV with a detection rate of 75% of symptomatic cases (6/8) in outbreak A and 71% (10/14) in outbreak B. For outbreak B, 1 of 3 asymptomatic teachers was detected to be SaV positive. The genome of some of the strains in this study was obtained, and the strains from outbreak A were genotyped into GII.3, while those from outbreak B were genotyped into GI.2, according to the phylogenetic analysis of the polymerase and the capsid region. No recombination was identified in either the GII.3 or GI.2 strain. GI.2 strains experience chronological variation, and the GI.2 strain in this study belonged to the most recent variant, which was observed from 2008 to 2016. The variation mainly occurred in the P domain from 1990 to 2016. Meanwhile, GII.3 strains shared greater similarity (>98.2%) at the amino acid identities; from 1999 to 2015, only 5 of them were in the predicted P domain. Our results suggest that it is necessary to conduct routine SaV surveillance and molecular characterization to further understand the SaV epidemic.
An efficient modeling of series‐parallel structure for the digital downconversion of pulsar signals in astronomical observation system
Authors: Wan Guo Chun , Liu Wen Jing , Zhang Ying Qian , Tong Mei Song 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes an efficient modeling of series‐parallel structure for the digital downconversion (DDC) implemented in the field programmable gate array for astronomical observation system. The received signals by a radio telescope are of intermediate frequency, and they can be stored and analyzed only after having been converted into digital baseband signals. Although many algorithms have been proposed for the traditional DDC, it is still hard to balance the working frequency of signals and the hardware resources of field programmable gate array. The proposed series‐parallel structure can not only solve the problem but also provide a more compact size, lower consumption of power, and transplanting ability for the DDC module. The new structure has been used for the signal processing of pulsars in an astronomical observation system, and those merits have been validated.
Polarization‐resolved Raman modes of monoclinic SrAl2O4 ceramics
Authors: Dias Anderson , Moreira Roberto Luiz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSrAl2O4 materials were obtained by molten salt synthesis and sintered at high temperatures to produce a ceramic body suitable for polarization‐resolved Raman spectroscopy measurements. Optimized experimental conditions were employed to study the complex vibrational spectrum of these ceramics under polarized light. A reliable set of experimental bands was obtained: 69 Raman modes were in fact observed, out of the 81 bands foreseen for the stable monoclinic polymorph of the material, from which 38 could be assigned as totally symmetric A‐type modes, and 31 attributed as asymmetric B‐type ones. Significant differences between experimental data and theoretical predictions indicated that additional efforts are necessary to understand these two sets of vibrational information. The knowledge of the optical phonon features reported here can help to understand the exceptional luminescence properties of SrAl2O4 in its monoclinic phase.
Raman spectroscopy as a powerful technique for the identification of polymers used in cast sculptures from museum collections
Authors: Klisińska‐Kopacz Anna , Łydżba‐Kopczyńska Barbara , Czarnecka Monika , Koźlecki Tomasz , del Hoyo Mélendez Julio , Mendys Agata , Kłosowska‐Klechowska Anna , Obarzanowski Michał , Frączek Piotr 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe chemical identification of materials is the first step for developing and implementing recommendations for the care and display of resin cast and plastic objects in museum collections. This paper presents advantages as well as limitations of portable Raman. Therefore, a comparative analysis of portable and benchtop Raman instruments was performed in the study of materials found in the contemporary art collections of the National Museum in Krakow. The results of the Raman study were complemented with those obtained using Fourier transform infrared, near infra‐red, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, in order to verify their accuracy. The results of this study showed that portable Raman spectroscopy is a suitable technique for the identification plastics in museum collections.
Land‐use change structures carnivore communities in remaining tallgrass prairie
Authors: Wait Kyle R. , Ricketts Andrew M. , Ahlers Adam A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe Flint Hills ecoregion is the largest remaining tract of native tallgrass prairie in North America. Contemporary landscape change (e.g., urbanization, agricultural production) in this region is likely affecting native biodiversity; however, we have a limited understanding of how these changes might affect carnivores. We used camera traps distributed across urban‐rural land‐use gradients, and multiseason occupancy models, to investigate the influence of landscape structure and composition on habitat occupancy dynamics of 3 native carnivores (coyote [Canis latrans]; bobcat [Lynx rufus]; and striped skunk [Mephitis mephitis]) and 1 nonnative carnivore (domestic cat) in the Flint Hills, Kansas, USA, during 2016–2017. Additionally, we assessed the potential for coyotes, the apex predator in the Flint Hills, to mediate habitat occupancy of domestic cats. We also examined the relative influence of landscape factors on native carnivore species richness and diversity. As predicted, coyotes were less likely to occupy and colonize sites, and more likely to leave sites, surrounded by urban landcover. Habitat occupancy by bobcats was positively associated with forest landcover and edge densities; however, bobcats seemed insensitive to urban landcover. Additionally, bobcats were more likely to colonize sites with more grassland and row‐crop agriculture landcover. Surprisingly, striped skunk occupancy and colonization rates at sites were negatively related to urban landcover. As expected, domestic cats were more likely to occur at and colonize sites with increased urban landcover and less likely at sites with high coyote occupancy probabilities. Carnivore species diversity and richness were negatively related to the urban landcover. Our results suggest that urban landcover may limit the spatial distributions of some native carnivores in the Flint Hills and contribute to reduced carnivore diversity. Moreover, urban landcover in the Flint Hills may provide domestic cats with refugia from intraguild pressures by coyotes. Our results provide wildlife managers with insights into how contemporary landscape change in this imperiled ecosystem may affect biodiversity conservation and maintenance. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Western gray squirrel resource selection related to fire fuel management
Authors: Stuart Kathryn D. , Vander Haegen W. Matthew , Jenkins Kurt J. , Keren Ilai N. , West Stephen D. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTOne of 3 populations of the state‐threatened western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) in Washington occurs in the northern Cascade Range (i.e., North Cascades), where long‐term fire suppression has increased the risk of catastrophic wildfire. Land management agencies throughout this region have implemented fire fuel reduction programs that alter squirrel habitat and may affect their populations. From April 2008 to September 2011, we investigated resource selection of 38 radio‐collared western gray squirrels at 2 study sites in the North Cascades following fire fuel management activities including mechanical thinning and prescribed burning. We developed conditional logistic models to examine resource selection at 3 spatial scales: nest trees, nest sites, and core areas within home ranges. The odds of a squirrel selecting a tree for nesting increased with dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) presence, greater number of surrounding trees with interlocking branches, and tree size. Squirrels selected nest sites that had greater canopy cover, tree connectivity, and presence of dwarf mistletoe than available, unused sites. Core‐use areas within home ranges had greater canopy cover, a greater number of tree species, and trees with higher live crowns compared to low‐use areas. Our results indicate that fire fuel treatments may negatively affect western gray squirrel habitat across multiple spatial scales. Most variables that were positively related to habitat selection are specifically targeted for reduction in fire fuel management plans and were lower in sampled treated areas compared to untreated areas within the study sites. Key considerations in designing fuel reduction programs that benefit both squirrel habitat conservation and fire fuel management include maintaining forest patches with suitable canopy cover and connectivity, retaining large trees of a mix of species, and allowing for mistletoe infection at a reduced rate. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Chemical reaction kinetics measurements for single and blended amines for CO2 postcombustion capture applications
Authors: Sodiq Ahmed , Hadri Nabil El , Goetheer Earl L. V. , Abu‐Zahra Mohammad R. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present study has established the direct pseudo–first‐order reaction kinetics of different aqueous‐based single and blended amines over the temperature range of 298.15‐313.15 K using stopped‐flow techniques. The single amines include one primary amine (monoethanolamine, MEA), two secondary amines (diethanolamine, DEA and 2‐ethyl(amino)ethanol, 2EAE), four tertiary amines (N‐methyldiethanolamine, MDEA, 1‐dimethylamino‐2‐propanol, 1DMA2P, 3‐dimethylamino‐1‐propanol, 3DMA1P, and 2‐dimethylaminoethanol, 2DMAE), one sterically hindered amine (2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol, AMP), and one cyclic diamine (piperazine, PZ). The blend systems used are MEA/PZ, DEA/PZ, MDEA/PZ, AMP/PZ, MEA/AMP, MDEA/2EAE, 1DMA2P/2EAE, 3DMA1P/2EAE, and 2DMAE/2EAE.Different reaction mechanisms for the reaction of CO2 with aqueous solutions of amines, such as base‐catalysis, zwitterion, termolecular, hybrid of zwitterion, hybrid of base‐catalysis‐zwitterion, and hybrid of base‐catalysis‐termolecular reaction mechanisms, are used to correlate the experimental data. For the single amines, the zwitterion mechanism is well suited to fit the experimental data of primary, secondary, sterically hindered and cyclic amines with an absolute average deviation (AAD%) less than 5%. The base‐catalysis mechanism fits the experimental data of all the tertiary amines well with an AAD less than 5%. For the blends, the hybrid of zwitterion mechanism fits the experimental data of MEA/PZ, DEA/PZ, AMP/PZ, and MEA/AMP well with an AAD less than 5%, whereas the hybrid of base‐catalysis‐zwitterion mechanism fits the experimental data of MDEA/PZ, MDEA/2EAE, 1DMA2P/2EAE, 3DMA1P/2EAE, and 2DMAE/2EAE well with an AAD less than 5%.