bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of porosity, crack density, and CMAS penetration in thermal barrier coatings subjected to burner rig testing
Authors: Mack Daniel E. , Laquai Rene , Müller Bernd , Helle Oliver , Sebold Doris , Vaßen Robert , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDegradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in gas‐turbine engines due to calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) glassy deposits from various sources has been a persistent issue since many years. In this study, state of the art electron microscopy was correlated with X‐ray refraction techniques to elucidate the intrusion of CMAS into the porous structure of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) TBCs and the formation and growth of cracks under thermal cycling in a burner rig. Results indicate that the sparse nature of the infiltration as well as kinetics in the burner rig are majorly influenced by the wetting behavior of the CMAS. Despite the obvious attack of CMAS on grain boundaries, the interaction of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with intruded CMAS has no immediate impact on structure and density of internal surfaces. At a later stage the formation of horizontal cracks is observed in a wider zone of the TBC layer.
Who falls for fake news? The roles of bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, familiarity, and analytic thinking
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , Rand David G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveFake news represents a particularly egregious and direct avenue by which inaccurate beliefs have been propagated via social media. We investigate the psychological profile of individuals who fall prey to fake news.MethodWe recruited 1,606 participants from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for three online surveys.ResultsThe tendency to ascribe profundity to randomly generated sentences—pseudo‐profound bullshit receptivity—correlates positively with perceptions of fake news accuracy, and negatively with the ability to differentiate between fake and real news (media truth discernment). Relatedly, individuals who overclaim their level of knowledge also judge fake news to be more accurate. We also extend previous research indicating that analytic thinking correlates negatively with perceived accuracy by showing that this relationship is not moderated by the presence/absence of the headline’s source (which has no effect on accuracy), or by familiarity with the headlines (which correlates positively with perceived accuracy of fake and real news).ConclusionOur results suggest that belief in fake news may be driven, to some extent, by a general tendency to be overly accepting of weak claims. This tendency, which we refer to as reflexive open‐mindedness, may be partly responsible for the prevalence of epistemically suspect beliefs writ large.
The Influence of Sellers on Contract Choice: Evidence from Flood Insurance
Authors: Collier Benjamin L. , Ragin Marc A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examine the ability of insurers to influence the coverage limit decisions of 180,000 households in the National Flood Insurance Program. In this program, private insurers sell identical flood contracts at identical rates and bear no risk of paying claims. About 12 percent of new policyholders overinsure, selecting a coverage limit that exceeds their home's estimated replacement cost. Overinsuring is expensive relative to expected loss, making it difficult to explain with standard decision‐making models. The rate of overinsuring differs substantially across insurers, ranging from zero to one‐third of new policies. Insurer effects on the likelihood of overinsuring are statistically significant after controlling for the policyholder's characteristics. Additionally, some insurers seem to encourage households to overinsure in percentage terms (e.g., buy 110 percent of replacement cost) while others encourage rounding up in dollars (e.g., to the next $ 10,000). We find that insurers’ distribution systems and commission rates influence whether their policyholders overinsure.
The bifunctional transporter‐receptor IRT1 at the heart of metal sensing and signalling
Authors: Cointry Virginia , Vert Grégory 
Published: March 2019

SummaryTransporters are at the centre of regulatory modules allowing optimal assimilation, distribution or efflux of substrate molecules. The IRT1 root metal transporter represents a textbook example in which detailed regulatory networks have been shown to integrate several endogenous and exogenous cues at various levels to regulate its expression and to fine tune iron uptake. Here, we summarise recent advances in the dissection of the transcriptional and posttranslational control of IRT1 by its various metals substrates and discuss the emerging role of IRT1 in the direct sensing of non‐iron metals flowing through IRT1 to drive its degradation. We propose that transporters that also act as receptors are likely to be a common theme in the regulation of nutrient transport by sensing local nutrient concentrations.
The speciation and distribution characteristics of Cu in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel
Authors: Wu J. , Wang L. , Ma F. , Zhao L. , Huang X. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Heavy metal allocation and the mechanism(s) of metal sequestration in different clonal organs, micro‐domains and subcellular structures has not been systematically studied for rhizomatous perennial plants. It is thus pertinent to investigate knowledge of the speciation and distribution characteristics of Cu in Phragmites australis to elucidating the mobility of metals in wetland plants after their uptake via root systems so as to facilitate development of strategies to enhance Cu tolerance.

This study investigated the distributions of Cu in P. australis root, stem and leaf using ICP‐MS, synchrotron‐based X‐ray micro‐fluorescence and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, then evaluated the effects of Cu on cellular structure and ultrastructure via transmission electron microscopy.

The results indicate a clear preferential localisation of Cu in the roots as compared with the shoots (stems and leaves). The intensity of Cu in the vascular bundles was higher than that in the surrounding epidermis and the endodermis and parenchyma outside the medullary cavity. The dominant chemical form of Cu in P. australis was similar to Cu citrate.

The results suggest that although Cu can be easily transported into the vascular tissues in roots and stems via Cu citrate, most of the metal absorbed by plants is retained in the roots because if its high binding to the cell wall, thus preventing metal translocation to aerial parts of the plants. Therefore, P. australis showed a high capacity to accumulate Cu in roots, being therefore a suitable species for phytostabilisation interventions.
Objectively measured 24-hour activity profiles before and after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Thewlis D. , Bahl J. S. , Fraysse F. , Curness K. , Arnold J. B. , Taylor M. , Callary S. , Solomon L. B. 
Published: March 2019

AimsThe purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate if the 24-hour activity profile (i.e. waking activities and sleep) objectively measured using wrist-worn accelerometry of patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty (THA) improves postoperatively.Patients and MethodsA total of 51 THA patients with a mean age of 64 years (24 to 87) were recruited from a single public hospital. All patients underwent THA using the same surgical approach with the same prosthesis type. The 24-hour activity profiles were captured using wrist-worn accelerometers preoperatively and at 2, 6, 12, and 26 weeks postoperatively. Patient-reported outcomes (Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)) were collected at all timepoints except two weeks postoperatively. Accelerometry data were used to quantify the intensity (sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activities) and frequency (bouts) of activity during the day and sleep efficiency. The analysis investigated changes with time and differences between Charnley class.ResultsPatients slept or were sedentary for a mean of 19.5 hours/day preoperatively and the 24-hour activity pattern did not improve significantly postoperatively. Outside of sleep, the patients spent their time in sedentary activities for a mean of 620 minutes/day (sd 143) preoperatively and 641 minutes/day (sd 133) six months postoperatively. No significant improvements were observed for light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activities (p = 0.140, p = 0.531, and p = 0.407, respectively). Sleep efficiency was poor (< 85%) at all timepoints. There was no postoperative improvement in sleep efficiency when adjusted for medications (p > 0.05). Patient-reported outcome measures showed a significant improvement with time in all domains when compared with preoperative levels. There were no differences with Charnley class at six months postoperatively. However, Charnley class C patients were more sedentary at two weeks postoperatively when compared with Charnley class A patients (p < 0.05). There were no further differences between Charnley classifications.ConclusionThis study describes the 24-hour activity profile of THA patients for the first time. Prior to THA, patients in this cohort were inactive and slept poorly. This cohort shows no improvement in 24-hour activity profiles at six months postoperative. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:415–425.
Patients with severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated by the modified Dunn procedure have low rates of avascular necrosis, good outcomes, and little osteoarthritis at long-term follow-up
Authors: Lerch T. D. , Vuilleumier S. , Schmaranzer F. , Ziebarth K. , Steppacher S. D. , Tannast M. , Siebenrock K. A. 
Published: March 2019

AimsThe modified Dunn procedure has the potential to restore the anatomy in hips with severe slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE). However, there is a risk of developing avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN). In this paper, we report on clinical outcome, radiological outcome, AVN rate and complications, and the cumulative survivorship at long-term follow-up in patients undergoing the modified Dunn procedure for severe SCFE.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis involving 46 hips in 46 patients treated with a modified Dunn procedure for severe SCFE (slip angle > 60°) between 1999 and 2016. At nine-year-follow-up, 40 hips were available for clinical and radiological examination. Mean preoperative age was 13 years, and 14 hips (30%) presented with unstable slips. Mean preoperative slip angle was 64°. Kaplan–Meier survivorship was calculated.ResultsAt the latest follow-up, the mean Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score was 17 points (14 to 18), mean modified Harris Hip Score was 94 points (66 to 100), and mean Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score was 91 points (67 to 100). Postoperative slip angle was 7° (1° to 16°). One hip (2%) had progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Two hips (5%) developed AVN of the femoral head and required further surgery. Three other hips (7%) underwent implant revision due to screw breakage or change of wires. Cumulative survivorship was 86% at ten-year follow-up.ConclusionThe modified Dunn procedure for severe SCFE resulted in a low rate of AVN, low risk of progression to OA, and high functional scores at long-term follow-up. The slip deformities were mainly corrected but secondary impingement deformities can develop in some hips and may require further surgical treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:403–414.
A population-based comparison of joint survival of hemiarthroplasty versus total shoulder arthroplasty in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lapner P. L. C. , Rollins M. D. , Netting C. , Tuna M. , Bader Eddeen A. , van Walraven C. 
Published: March 2019

Aims Few studies have compared survivorship of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with hemiarthroplasty (HA). This observational study compared survivorship of TSA with HA while controlling for important covariables and accounting for death as a competing risk. Patients and Methods All patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty in Ontario, Canada between April 2002 and March 2012 were identified using population-based health administrative data. We used the Fine–Gray sub-distribution hazard model to measure the association of arthroplasty type with time to revision surgery (accounting for death as a competing risk) controlling for age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index, income quintile, diagnosis, and surgeon factors. Results During the study period, 5777 patients underwent shoulder arthroplasty (4079 TSA, 70.6%; 1698 HA, 29.4%), 321 (5.6%) underwent revision, and 1090 (18.9%) died. TSA patients were older (TSA mean age 68.4 years (sd 10.2) vs HA mean age 66.5 years (sd 12.7); p = 0.001). The proportion of female patients was slightly lower in the TSA group (58.0% vs 58.4%). The adjusted association between surgery type and time to shoulder revision interacted significantly with patient age. Compared with TSA patients, revision was more common in the HA group (adjusted-health ratio (HR) 1.214, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.53) but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Although there was a trend towards higher revision risk in patients undergoing HA, we found no statistically significant difference in survivorship between patients undergoing TSA or HA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:454–460.
Local knowledge on landscape sustainable-hydrological management reduces soil CO2 emission, fire risk and biomass loss in West Kalimantan Peatland, Indonesia
Authors: ASTIANI DWI , TAHERZADEH MOHAMMAD J , GUSMAYANTI EVI , WIDIASTUTI TRI , BURHANUDDIN BURHANUDDIN 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Astiani D, Taherzadeh MJ, Gusmayanti E, Widiastuti T, Burhanuddin. 2019. Local knowledge on landscape sustainable-hydrological management reduces soil CO2 emission, fire risk and biomass loss in West Kalimantan Peatland, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 725-731. Local knowledge in managing peatlands, especially in the area of peat hydrology, has been practiced through generations to manage peatlands for agriculture and small scale gardens. Farmers in West Kalimantan have developed the way to conserve water by making simple dams using soil or woody plants to hold water from the peat upstream areas on small channels or rivers. To reduce puddles during rain or tides, people make small trenches, so-called parit cacing in the middle of the larger channel. The trench cross-section size is ~30-40 cm2. This channel can maintain the peat water level to the extent of the depth of the channel. These channels, at the same time, are useful, for a clear, easy land ownership border for one farmer family land. The results of CO2 emissions assessment at various water levels on the peatland landscape demonstrate that the landscape which surrounded by the parit cacing trenches can maintain lower CO2 emissions compared to the one that has deeper water levels. The knowledge to develop this channel has also reduced the risk of peatland fire hazard and the amount of peat biomass loss on a fire event. An assessment on the effect of water level on the loss of peat biomass when burned, reduce 30-78% loss risks if compared to water table depth of 60-80cm, which is assumed as general practices on peatland recently. The practices of the knowledge on peatlands hydrology management can reduce the risk of peatland soil CO2 emission as well as loss of peat mass through decomposition and during peat fires.
A checklist and conservation status of the medicinal plants of Mount Arayat National Park, Pampanga, Philippines
Authors: SUBA MARLON DL , ARRIOLA AXEL H , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D 
Published: March 2019

A checklist of medicinal plants in a natural area is fundamental not only it provides an updated reference but also it gives the current status of biodiversity. In this study, available medicinal plants in Mt. Arayat National Park (MANP) was documented. Existing and comprehensive references on Philippine medicinal plants were used to assess the medicinal values. To determine their conservation status, the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and list from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in the Philippines were accessed. Results indicated a total of 60 species under 27 families were recorded in MANP. Out of the 27 families, Leguminosae represented the highest number of medicinal plants and the genus Ficus has the most number of species. Based on literature, most of the plants were used to treat infectious and parasitic diseases and diseases of the digestive system. In terms of the conservation status, IUCN has assessed 6 vulnerable and 5 least concern species while DENR has listed 1 vulnerable species and the rest of the medicinal plants were marked as not evaluated. This checklist provides data of various medicinal plants which aims to emphasize their uses and the need of conservation.
Blind-Spots in Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Perceptual Mean
Authors: Grasso Roberto 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to identify several interpretive problems posed by the final part ofDAII.11 (423b27–424 a10), where Aristotle intertwines the thesis that a sense is like a ‘mean’ and an explanation for the existence of a ‘blind spot’ related to the sense of touch, adding the further contention that we are capable of discriminating because the mean ‘becomes the other opposite’ in relation to the perceptible property being perceived. To solve those problems, the paper explores a novel interpretation of Aristotle’s claims, arguing that they describe a homeostatic physiological reaction by which the sensory apparatus responds to perceptible stimuli. According to the proposed interpretation, such homeostatic reaction constitutes a necessary condition for perceiving what Aristotle refers to as ‘proper’ perceptible features, which include properties like ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ as well as colors and sounds.
Complex Wisdom in the Euthydemus
Authors: Fox Joshua I. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the Euthydemus, Socrates is presented as an eager student of seemingly trivial arts, earning derision both for desiring to master the peculiar art of Euthydemus and Dionysodorus and for studying the harp in his old age. I explain Socrates’ interest in these apparently trivial arts by way of a novel reading of the first protreptic argument, suggesting that the wisdom Socrates praises is complex in nature, securing the happiness of its possessor only insofar as it is composed of both ordinary productive knowledge and ethically productive knowledge. This reading of the first protreptic makes sense of the otherwise perplexing second protreptic, explaining why Socrates is so keen to identify an art which makes what it uses. Wisdom acts as a reliable source of benefit only insofar as it is a complex composed of multiple different arts and types of knowledge. These arts, however, can only be acquired one at a time – if no single art is capable of combining the powers of both ordinary productive knowledge and ethically productive knowledge in the way that wisdom as a whole does, then the pursuit of wisdom will fail to offer reliable benefit despite the reliably beneficial nature of its possession. Thus, it is appropriate for the Euthydemus to conclude with Socrates telling Crito to take courage and pursue philosophy despite the seemingly harmful effects that its pursuit has had on others. Euthydemus and Dionysodorus represent the danger facing the aspiring philosopher, the possibility of being ruined by independent possession of the particular kind of ordinary productive knowledge on which philosophical activity depends – verbal mastery, the grasp of subtle conceptual distinctions needed both to argumentatively reveal reality and to argumentatively obscure it, to reliably equivocate and to reliably avoid equivocation.
Adaptive GLOH with PSO-trained NN for the recognition of plastic surgery faces and their types
Authors: Sable Archana Harsing , Talbar Sanjay N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNumerous algorithms have met complexity in recognizing the face, which is invariant to plastic surgery, owing to the texture variations in the skin. Though plastic surgery serves to be a challenging issue in the domain of face recognition, the concerned theme has to be restudied for its hypothetical and experimental perspectives. In this paper, Adaptive Gradient Location and Orientation Histogram (AGLOH)-based feature extraction is proposed to accomplish effective plastic surgery face recognition. The proposed features are extracted from the granular space of the faces. Additionally, the variants of the local binary pattern are also extracted to accompany the AGLOH features. Subsequently, the feature dimensionality is reduced using principal component analysis (PCA) to train the artificial neural network. The paper trains the neural network using particle swarm optimization, despite utilizing the traditional learning algorithms. The experimentation involved 452 plastic surgery faces from blepharoplasty, brow lift, liposhaving, malar augmentation, mentoplasty, otoplasty, rhinoplasty, rhytidectomy and skin peeling. Finally, the proposed AGLOH proves its performance dominance.
Kuranishi-type moduli spaces for proper CR-submersions fibering over the circle
Authors: Meersseman Laurent 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Kuranishi’s fundamental result (1962) associates to any compact complex manifold

X
0

{X_{0}}

a finite-dimensional analytic space which has to be thought of as a local moduli space of complex structures close to

X
0

{X_{0}}

. In this paper, we give an analogous statement for Levi-flat CR-manifolds fibering properly over the circle by associating to any such

𝒳
0

{\mathcal{X}_{0}}

the loop space of a finite-dimensional analytic space which serves as a local moduli space of CR-structures close to

𝒳
0

{\mathcal{X}_{0}}

. We then develop in this context a Kodaira–Spencer deformation theory making clear the likenesses as well as the differences with the classical case. The article ends with applications and examples.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital mirror foot: case report and review
Authors: Norwitz Gabriella , Farley Frances , Berman Deborah Rose 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Polydactyly refers to a group of congenital anomalies characterized by the presence of more than five fingers or toes per extremity. Mirror foot is an extreme and rare form of foot polydactyly characterized by the presence of extra tarsal bones and digits and is most often an isolated finding recognized at birth. Here, we report the first case of mirror foot diagnosed prenatally at the time of routine second trimester ultrasound. This early diagnosis allowed for thorough counseling that provided the family adequate time to process the diagnosis and prepare for neonatal management.
Penalty-based smoothness conditions in convex variational regularization
Authors: Hofmann Bernd , Kindermann Stefan , Mathé Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe authors study Tikhonov regularization of linear ill-posed problems with a general convex penalty defined on a Banach space. It is well known that the error analysis requires smoothness assumptions. Here such assumptions are given in form of inequalities involving only the family of noise-free minimizers along the regularization parameter and the (unknown) penalty-minimizing solution. These inequalities control, respectively, the defect of the penalty, or likewise, the defect of the whole Tikhonov functional. The main results provide error bounds for a Bregman distance, which split into two summands: the first smoothness-dependent term does not depend on the noise level, whereas the second term includes the noise level. This resembles the situation of standard quadratic Tikhonov regularization in Hilbert spaces. It is shown that variational inequalities, as these were studied recently, imply the validity of the assumptions made here. Several examples highlight the results in specific applications.