bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental sustainability assessment of HMF and FDCA production from lignocellulosic biomass through life cycle assessment (LCA)
Authors: Bello Sara , Salim Iana , Méndez-Trelles Pedro , Rodil Eva , Feijoo Gumersindo , Moreira Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are top biomass-based platform chemicals with promising potential and an essential part of the future of green chemistry. HMF can be obtained mainly from fructose or glucose. Lignocellulosic glucose has a high production potential from not edible biomass. In the present paper life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed aiming at a better understanding of the environmental performance of the production of FDCA and HMF from lignocellulosic feedstock. Two case studies from the literature were modeled to obtain the life cycle inventory data. The production routes to FDCA comprise seven different process sections: hydrolysis, HMF synthesis, HMF recovery, FDCA synthesis, FDCA flash separation, FDCA purification and HMF boiler. By means of the LCA methodology, solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dichloromethane (DCM), together with the energy demand, were found to be clear critical points in the process. Two scenarios were in focus: Scenario 1 considered the purification of FDCA through crystallization, whereas in Scenario 2 purification was performed through distillation.
Comparison of various multivariate models to estimate structural properties by means of non-destructive techniques (NDTs) in Pinus sylvestris L. timber
Authors: Villasante Antonio , Íñiguez-González Guillermo , Puigdomenech Lluis 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The predictability of modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and density of 120 samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were investigated using various non-destructive variables (such as time of flight of stress wave, natural frequency of longitudinal vibration, penetration depth, pullout resistance, visual grading and concentrated knot diameter ratio), and based on multivariate algorithms, applying WEKA as machine learning software. The algorithms used were: multivariate linear regression (MLR), Gaussian, Lazy, artificial neural network (ANN), Rules and decision Tree. The models were quantified based on the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). To avoid model overfitting, the modeling was built and the results validated via the so-called 10-fold cross-validation. MLR with the “greedy method” for variable selection based on the Akaike information metric (MLRak) significantly reduced the RMSE of MOR and MOE compared to univariate linear regressions (ULR). However, this reduction was not significant for density prediction. The predictability of MLRak was not improved by any other of the tested algorithms. Specifically, non-linear models, such as multilayer perceptron, did not contribute any significant improvements over linear models. Finally, MLRak models were simplified by discarding the variables that produce the lowest RMSE increment. The resulted models could be even further simplified without significant RMSE increment.
Comparative Study of Kinematics and Muscle Activity Between Elite and Amateur Table Tennis Players During Topspin Loop Against Backspin Movements
Authors: Wang Meizi , Fu Lin , Gu Yaodong , Mei Qichang , Fu Fengqin , Fernandez Justin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study investigated differences of lower limb kinematics and muscle activity during table tennis topspin loop against backspin movements between elite players (EPs) and amateur players (APs). Ten EPs and ten APs performed crosscourt backhand loop movements against the backspin ball with maximal power. Vicon motion analysis and a MEGA ME6000 system was used to capture kinematics and surface EMG data. The motion was divided into two phases, including the backswing and swing. The joints’ flexion and extension angle tendency between EPs and APs differed significantly. The coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) values for EPs were all beyond 0.9, indicating high similarity of joint angles change. APs presented moderate similarity with CMC values from 0.5 to 0.75. Compared to APs, EPs presented larger ankle eversion, knee and hip flexion at the beginning moment of the backswing. In the sEMG test, EPs presented smaller standardized AEMG (average electromyography) of the lower limb muscles in the rectus femoris and tibia anterior on both sides. Additionally, the maximum activation of each muscle for EPs was smaller and MPF (mean power frequency) of the lower limb was greater during the whole movement. The present study revealed that EPs could complete this technical motion more economically than APs, meanwhile, EPs were more efficient in muscle usage and showed better balance ability.
Influence of Autonomic Control on the Specific Intermittent Performance of Judo Athletes
Authors: Campos Bruno T. , Penna Eduardo M. , Rodrigues João G.S. , Diniz Mateus , Mendes Thiago T. , Filho André F.C. , Franchini Emerson , Nakamura Fabio Y. , Prado Luciano S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Judo is a high-intensity intermittent combat sport which causes cardiac adaptations both morphologically and related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Therefore, this study aims to verify the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) at rest with performance in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and whether groups with different RR values at rest show different performance in the SJFT and during post-test recovery. Sixteen judo athletes with 7.2 ± 3.9 years of training experience participated in the study. Before and after the SJFT execution HRV and lactate measurements were conducted. For HRV analysis, we used the mean interval RR, the standard deviation of the RR interval (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD), the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in normalized and absolute units. The sample was split into two groups (low RR and high RR) to verify if this variable could differentiate between specific performance. For the SDNN, a significant and moderate correlation (r = 0.53) was found with the total number of throws and throws in the series A (r = 0.56) and B (r = 0.54) and for the RMSSD a correlation with throws during series B (r = 0.59) in the SJFT. However, the groups did not differ in performance and recovery. Therefore, HRV is related to intermittent judo performance; however, it cannot differentiate between judokas at different levels of performance.
Suggestions for Judo Training with Pacing Strategy and Decision Making by Judo Championship Phases
Authors: Miarka Bianca , Brito Ciro José , Amtmann John , Córdova Cláudio , Bello Fabio dal , Camey Suzi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The present study aimed to compare pacing and decision making of athletes competing in judo, with particular attention paid to effort-pause ratios occurring in the championship phases of the Olympic Games and non-Olympic Games. The sample was composed of 53,403 sequential actions analyzed during 611 performances of the non-Olympic Games (eliminatory n = 330, quarterfinals n = 60, semi-final n = 88, repechage n = 21, third place playoff n = 26, and final n = 79) and 163 from the Olympic Games (eliminatory n = 71, quarterfinals n = 13, semi-final n = 26, repechage n = 20, third place playoff n = 24, and final n = 14). The analysis of effort-pause ratios included separating bouts into states of approach, gripping, attack, groundwork and pause, according to frequency and time. A Markov multi-state model and analysis of variance were applied (p ≤ 0.05). Approach time presented differences of the eliminatory Olympic Games (7.3 ± 3.2 s) versus final non-Olympic Games (6.0 ± 2.2s), and the third place playoff Olympic Games (8.1 ± 2.3 s) versus semi-final (6.2 ± 2.4 s) and third place playoff (5.9 ± 2.1 s) of the non-Olympic Games, and the semi-final Olympic Games (8.6 ± 2.3 s) versus eliminatory (6.5 ± 2.3 s), quarter-finals (6.5 ± 1.7 s), semi-final (6.2 ± 2.4 s), repechage (6.2 ± 2.2 s), third place playoff (5.9 ± 2.1 s), and final (6.0 ± 2.0 s) of the non-Olympic Games. Pause time presented differences of the semi-final Olympic Games (6.8 ± 2.1 s) versus eliminatory (5.1 ± 3.1 s). The present data suggest a focus on pacing strategy during championship phases, which mimic the requirements of judo combats.
Rethinking Monolithic Pathways to Success and Talent Identification: The Case of the Women's Japanese Volleyball Team and Why Height is Not Everything
Authors: Vargas Jorge , Loureiro Manuel , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Knechtle Beat , Laporta Lorenzo , Marcelino Rui , Afonso Jose 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyse the Japanese National Women’s Volleyball Team and to identify items differentiating it from other teams. All fifteen matches between the six National Teams (i.e., Japan, Brazil, China, Belgium, Turkey and Russia) competing at the Women’s Volleyball World Grand Prix Finals of 2014 were analyzed, in a total of 56 sets and 7,176 situations of ball possession. Data suggested the existence of differences between Japan’s and the other five teams’ gameplay, namely the likelihood of more gameplay with utilization of the float jump serve (20.42; ± 3.79%, very large magnitude) and attack tempo 2 (61.89; ± 29.67%, large magnitude), while exhibiting less gameplay with zero blockers opposing the attack (-42.06; ± 21.28%, large magnitude). Based on these findings, it was concluded that sports success could be achieved even when a core feature of mainstream performance models (e.g., height in volleyball) was lacking.
Polygenic Study of Endurance‐Associated Genetic MarkersNOS3(Glu298Asp),BDKRB2(‐9/+9),UCP2(Ala55Val),AMPD1(Gln45Ter) andACE(I/D) in Polish Male Half Marathoners
Authors: Gronek Piotr , Gronek Joanna , Lulińska-Kuklik Ewelina , Spieszny Michał , Niewczas Marta , Kaczmarczyk Mariusz , Petr Miroslav , Fischerova Patricia , Ahmetov Ildus I. , Żmijewski Piotr 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate individually and in combination the association between the ACE (I/D), NOS3 (Glu298Asp), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), UCP2 (Ala55Val) and AMPD1 (Gln45Ter) variants with endurance performance in a large, performance-homogenous cohort of elite Polish half marathoners. The study group consisted of 180 elite half marathoners: 76 with time < 100 minutes and 104 with time > 100 minutes. DNA of the subjects was extracted from buccal cells donated by the runners and genotyping was carried out using an allelic discrimination assay with a C1000 Touch Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Germany) instrument with TaqMan® probes (NOS3, UCP2, and AMPD1) and a T100™ Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Germany) instrument (ACE and BDKRB2). We found that the UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism was associated with running performance, with the subjects carrying the Val allele being overrepresented in the group of most successful runners (<100 min) compared to the >100 min group (84.2 vs. 55.8%; OR = 4.23, p < 0.0001). Next, to assess the combined impact of 4 gene polymorphisms, all athletes were classified according to the number of 'endurance' alleles (ACE I, NOS3 Glu, BDKRB2 -9, UCP2 Val) they possessed. The proportion of subjects with a high (4-7) number of 'endurance' alleles was greater in the better half marathoners group compared with the >100 min group (73.7 vs. 51.9%; OR = 2.6, p = 0.0034). These data suggest that the likelihood of becoming an elite half marathoner partly depends on the carriage of a high number of endurance-related alleles.
Development Trends in Motivation Factors Applied by Business Managers in Corporation
Authors: Lušňáková Zuzana , Šajbidorová Mária , Juríčková Zuzana 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to determine the development trends in motivation factors. In the first part, the authors analyse apparent differences in the use of motivation factors by business managers. Then, the authors try to determine the role and influence of independent variables, namely leadership style, corporate culture and corporate communication on employee motivation.
Laboratory Investigations Applied to Wood Dust Emmited by Electrical Hand-Held Belt Sander
Authors: Dado Miroslav , Mikušová Lucia , Hnilica Richard 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of grit size and wood species on mass concentration and size distribution of wood dust produced by hand-held belt sander. Experimental study was designed as 2x2 full factorial experiments. Experimental parameters and their levels were abrasive grain size (P80, P120) and wood species (European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies)).The mass concentration of emitted wood dust was measured using aerosol monitor (TSI Inc., DustTrak DRX 8533). Sampler head was sited in place representing breathing zone of operator of sander. The results was analysed employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 5% of significance level. Real-time measurements demonstrated that spruce wood generated higher dust concentrations than beech wood due to difference in abrasion durability. Compared to sanding belt with P80 grit size, approximately 16%-32% higher dust concentration was generated when the sanding belt with P120 grit size was used.
A Non-Destructive Impedance Method Using Resonance to Evaluate the Concentration of Steel Fibers in Concrete
Authors: Bachorec T. , Fiala P. , Steinbauer M. , Roubal Z. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Steel-fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material characterized by outstanding tensile properties and resistance to cracking. The concrete, however, exhibits such characteristics only on the condition that the steel fibers in the final, hardened composite are distributed evenly. Current methods to evaluate the distribution and concentration in a fiber composite are either destructive or exhibit a limited capability of evaluating the concentration and orientation of the fibers. In this context, the paper discusses auxiliary techniques and laboratory tests that evaluate the density and orientation of the fibers in a composite material, presenting an innovative approach to impedance-based non-destructive testing. The actual methodology utilizes the resonance of the measuring device and the measured sample set; the desired state occurs within the interval of f = 10 kHz and 2 GHz.
Crystal structure of methyl 4-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-quinoline-3-carboxylate, C23H29NO3
Authors: Li Da , Zhou Yan , Zhao Li , Zhang Hua 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
C23H29NO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.531(5) Å, b = 19.245(11) Å, c = 11.902(7) Å, β = 107.003(10)°, Z = 4, V = 2088(2) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0525, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1512, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2
N:N′)manganese(II)]bis(2-carboxybenzoate) dihydrate, MnC40H40N10O12
Authors: Li Wen , Zhu Xia , Zhu Xue-heng , Li Shi-jing-min 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
MnC40H40N10O12, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.252(6) Å, b = 18.144(10) Å, c = 13.580(8) Å, β = 97.61(3)°, V = 2015(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0390, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1027, T = 120 K.
Synthesis of pyrrolizidines and indolizidines by multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides
Authors: Nájera Carmen , Sansano José Miguel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDifferent multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (1,3-DC) of cyclic α-amino acid derivatives with aldehydes and dipolarophiles have been described as efficient and simple methodologies for the synthesis of the pyrrolidine unit of pyrrolizidines and indolizidines. When free cyclic α-amino acids are used, a thermal promoted decarboxylative process generatesin situthe corresponding non-stabilized azomethine ylides, which afforded the corresponding pyrrolizidines and indolizidines with a hydrogen in the bicyclic units. This methodology has been employed to the synthesis of complex systems including spiro derivatives when ketones are used as carbonyl component. In addition, working with cyclic α-amino acid derived esters, the three-component 1,3-DC takes place under milder reaction conditions giving the corresponding pyrrolizidines and indolizidines with an alkoxycarbonyl group in the bridge adjacent carbon to the nitrogen. This methodology can be carried out by a double consecutive or stepwise 1,3-DC to provide pyrrolizidines via the precursor prolinates. The conformation of the azomethine ylide controls the endo/exo diastereoselectivity of the 1,3-DC.
Evaluation of Resistance to Potato Virus Y of Cultivars in Pre-Registration (Statutory) Trials
Authors: Michalak Krystyna , Chrzanowska Mirosława 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper describes testing potato cultivars for resistance to potato viruses in field and greenhouse conditions according to the scheme of the statutory trials. Seed tubers of tested cultivar are planted in the field in two replications with 30 tubers each. On both sides of each cultivar, 15 PVY-infected tubers, i.e. the source for PVY inoculation, are planted. The evaluation includes standard cultivars of known resistance levels to PVY. The progeny tubers are collected in autumn and growing-on testing is carried out in greenhouse conditions to estimate the number of plants infected with PVY. The other method is to evaluate the resistance of potato cultivars in greenhouse conditions. At present, the resistance of cultivars is evaluated only with respect to PVY, the most important potato virus. Two strains are used in the evaluation, i.e. PVYN-Wiand PVYNTN. For each testing cultivar, 10 plants are mechanically inoculated with each PVY strain. The analysis of the results makes it possible to classify the cultivars into four resistance groups on a 1-9 scale: highly resistant (with the resistance score of 8), resistant (with a value of 7), mid-resistant (with a value 5-6), and susceptible (with a value of 3-4). The ”9” rating is specified after the registration of the cultivars based on molecular tests, that validate the presence of a marker linked to extreme resistance (ER) gene Rysto.
Methods to Study the PVY Population in the Potato
Authors: Yin Zhimin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The PVY population in the potato has been studied continuously using tobacco bait plants in potato fields at Młochów since 1980 at two-year intervals and in potato tuber samples collected from different regions of Poland since 2001 yearly. The paper presents the combined biological, serological and molecular assays for PVY identification and strain classification. Biologically, PVY strains are defined with respect to their ability to elicit hypersensitive resistance (HR) mediated by N genes in differential potato cultivars (King Edward, Desiree and Pentland Ivory) and to symptoms in the tobacco (cultivar Samsun). Serologically, an ELISA assay based on polyclonal or monoclonal cocktail antibodies recognizes all PVY strain types, while the specific monoclonal antibodies help to recognize PVYN or PVYO/PVYCstrains. Multiplex RT-PCR, Real-time RTqPCR and sequencing-based assays are used to define the PVY genome structure. In the Polish population of PVY, the strains PVYO, PVYNTN, PVYN-Wi, PVYZ-NTN and PVYEwere identified, while the PVYCstrain was not detected.
Detection of Potato Virus Y (Pvy) by Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Nucleic Acid Amplification (Rt-Lamp)
Authors: Treder Krzysztof , Chołuj Joanna , Zacharzewska Bogumiła , Mielczarek Mateusz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY), a type member of the genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae), is currently the most important virus infecting the potato crop. PVY is also a dangerous pathogen of the tomato, pepper, and tobacco. The reverse transcription loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) is gaining recognition as a good alternative to RT-PCR in diagnosing plant viruses. Here, we provide a detailed description of a simple protocol for fast and sensitive detection of PVY by the RT-LAMP assay, which can be easily adapted to detect other plant pathogens, harboring both RNA and DNA genomes.
Isolation, Identification and Preservation of Pectinolytic Bacteria Pathogenic to Potato
Authors: Lebecka Renata 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Blackleg of potato plants and soft rot of tubers are caused by several species of pectinolytic bacteria from genera Pectobacterium and Dickeya. The text describes simple methods of isolating bacteria from symptomatic and symptomless organs of potato plants, their identification using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and preservatio
Assessment of Potato Tuber Resistance Against Dry Rot
Authors: Stefańczyk Emil 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Fungi of the genus Fusarium display inter- and intraspecific variation in their pathogenic capabilities. Although no resistance genes against dry rot have been identified, some indications of the possible defense responses are noticeable, since a single isolate might cause lesions of various sizes when infecting tubers of different potato cultivars. Pathogenicity tests are routinely used to assess potato tubers resistance against dry rot; a setup of pathogenicity test performed at Młochów Research Center is described in this work.
Virus Elimination from In Vitro Potato Plants
Authors: Smyda-Dajmund Paulina 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The routine and the most effective method of viruses elimination from potato plants is in vitro culture of apical shoots combined with thermo- and/or chemotherapy. At times electrotherapy or cryotherapy is also applied. Elimination of potato viruses by thermotherapy required treatment of infected plants with high temperature (35°C - 45°C) for about two weeks. Thermotherapy is useful for elimination of PLRV and PVY from potato plants. In chemotherapy antimetabolite, like ribavirin is used. Chemotherapy is dedicated for elimination of PVM, PVS and PVX. Very often the successful virus elimination require a few cycles of thermo- and/ or chemotherapy.
The whole picture: Processing of numbers and their context in simultaneous interpreting
Authors: Korpal Paweł , Stachowiak-Szymczak Katarzyna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an eye-tracking study in which number processing in simultaneous interpreting was investigated. Interpreting accuracy and eye behaviour were studied together to unveil the processing and rendering of numbers by interpreting trainees (N = 22) and professional interpreters (N = 26). While professional interpreters rendered numerals and the context in which they appeared with better accuracy, there was also a positive correlation between number interpreting accuracy and context interpreting accuracy. Our results indicate that interpreting arithmetic values of numerals is more cognitively demanding than interpreting their context, which is reflected in longer mean fixation duration on numbers than on the elements they referred to. Further research is needed to investigate numerical data processing in other tasks, involving other language pairs and interpreting directionality. The study outcomes may be a useful contribution to research on the cognitive aspects of simultaneous interpreting, numerical data processing, as well as interpreter training.
De Séneca a Kafka pasando por López de Ayala
Authors: Joset Jacques 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
From Seneca’s letter 84,12 to Lucilio to the narrative plot of Kafka’s El Castillo going through the stanzas 426-442 of Pero López de Ayala’s Libro rimado del Palaçio, there is a thematic thread that explains the impossibility to reach a superior authority.