bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Node failure resiliency for Uintah without checkpointing
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Damodar , Berzins Martin , Schmidt John 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe frequency of failures in upcoming exascale supercomputers may well be greater than at present due to many‐core architectures if component failure rates remain unchanged. This potential increase in failure frequency coupled with I/O challenges at exascale may prove problematic for current resiliency approaches such as checkpoint restarting, although the use of fast intermediate memory may help. Algorithm‐based fault tolerance (ABFT) using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is one resiliency approach used to address these challenges. For adaptive mesh codes, a coarse mesh version of the solution may be used to restore the fine mesh solution. This paper addresses the implementation of the ABFT approach within the Uintah software framework: both at a software level within Uintah and in the data reconstruction method used for the recovery of lost data. This method has two problems: inaccuracies introduced during the reconstruction propagate forward in time, and the physical consistency of variables, such as positivity or boundedness, may be violated during interpolation. These challenges can be addressed by the combination of two techniques: (1) a fault‐tolerant message passing interface (MPI) implementation to recover from runtime node failures, and (2) high‐order interpolation schemes to preserve the physical solution and reconstruct lost data. The approach considered here uses a “limited essentially nonoscillatory” (LENO) scheme along with AMR to rebuild the lost data without checkpointing using Uintah. Experiments were carried out using a fault‐tolerant MPI‐user‐level failure mitigation to recover from runtime failure and LENO to recover data on patches belonging to failed ranks, while the simulation was continued to the end. Results show that this ABFT approach is up to 10× faster than the traditional checkpointing method. The new interpolation approach is more accurate than linear interpolation and not subject to the overshoots found in other interpolation methods.
Performance validation of clustering algorithms using selection of attributes and application of filters in terms of data reduction
Authors: Hemavathy P. , Chinnadurai M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryClustering in unsupervised learning is a method to find inherent group of set of unlabeled data. Such set of groups are termed as Clusters. Grouping of datasets in to clusters involves minimization of the interclass similarity and maximization of the intraclass similarity. Therefore, clustering the large datasets introduces the concept called Data Reduction. Data reduction is a simple process of identifying a relevant feature subset, which is enough to represent the selected large datasets. Here, the data reduction is done in terms of applying two clustering algorithms like Expectation and Maximization‐EM and K‐Means with filters in unsupervised category (i) Normalize filter in Instance level and (ii) Randomize filter in attribute level and selection of attributes. The results shows that the Livestock dataset applied with selection of attributes and preprocessing filter named Normalize in attribute level and Randomize in instance level on which the EM and K‐Means algorithm are executed, and the results are compared and analyzed in terms of data reduction. Therefore, the K‐Means algorithm applied with Randomize filter at instance level and selection of attributes and finally K‐Means algorithm show good performance in case of large datasets when compared with other clustering algorithms.
Graphene Grown from Flat and Bowl Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Cu(111)
Authors: Li Jingyi , Lampart Samuel , Siegel Jay S. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz , Wäckerlin Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe growth of carbon layers, defective graphene, and graphene by deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Cu(111) is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two different PAHs are used as starting materials: the buckybowl pentaindenocorannulene (PIC) which contains pentagonal rings and planar coronene (CR). For both precursors, with increasing sample temperature during deposition, porous carbon aggregates (350 °C), dense carbon layers (400–450 °C), disordered defective graphene (500 °C–550 °C), and extended graphene (≥600 °C) are obtained. No significant differences for defective graphene grown from PIC and CR are observed. C 1s X‐ray photoelectron spectra of PIC and CR derived samples grown at 350–550 °C exhibit a characteristic C−Cu low binding energy component. Preparation at ≥600 °C eliminates this C−Cu species and only C−C bonded carbon remains.
Distribution of fish among Avicennia and Sonneratia microhabitats in a tropical mangrove ecosystem in South China
Authors: Zhang Yamian , Ding Yipeng , Wang Wenqing , Li Yuanxi , Wang Mao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMangrove structural complexity plays an important role in the way fish using their habitat. However, the effects of structural attributes on fish spatial distribution remain uncertain. In this study, we sampled fish at three easily identifiable microhabitats (i.e., vegetated area with both mangrove trees and pneumatophores, pneumatophore area without trees, and adjacent mudflat without trees and pneumatophores) within two sites dominated by Avicennia marina and Sonneratia apetala in a large estuarine system in South China from 2014 to 2015, and explored the fish community differences in these microhabitats. Our results showed that fish assemblages varied significantly among the three microhabitats, with distinct community assembly patterns between sites. At the Avicennia site, highest fish diversity was recorded at the mudflat, followed by the pneumatophore area and the vegetated area. In contrast, the opposite pattern was observed at the Sonneratia site. Fish size also differed significantly among microhabitats, with smaller fish presented in the vegetated areas. Within the same mangrove types, the height and biomass of pneumatophores as well as density of trees showed significant effects on the among‐microhabitat variations of fish assemblages. Fish abundance was positively associated with pneumatophore height and negatively correlated with pneumatophore biomass at the Avicennia site. While at the Sonneratia site, it was positively correlated with pneumatophore biomass. We conclude that the spatial variations of fish community are highly correlated with the structural complexity of mangroves. However, the specific effects might be mangrove species‐dependent.
Habitat complexity mediates the predator–prey space race
Authors: Smith Justine A. , Donadio Emiliano , Pauli Jonathan N. , Sheriff Michael J. , Bidder Owen R. , Middleton Arthur D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe spatial relationship between predator and prey is often conceptualized as a behavioral response race, in which prey avoid predators while predators track prey. Limiting habitat types can create spatial anchors for prey or predators, influencing the likelihood that the predator or prey response will dominate. Joint spatial anchors emerge when predator and prey occupy similar feeding habitat domains and risk and reward become spatially conflated, confusing predictions of which player will win the space race. These spatial dynamics of risk‐foraging trade‐offs are often obscured by habitat heterogeneity and community complexity in large vertebrate systems, fueling ambiguity regarding the generality of predictions from predator–prey theory. To test how habitat distribution influences the predator–prey space race, we examine correlation in puma and vicuña habitat selection and space use at two sites, one of which generates a distinct risk–foraging trade‐off at a joint spatial anchor. The distribution of vegetation, which serves as both forage for vicuñas and stalking cover for pumas, differs between the sites; the llano contains a single central meadow that acts as a joint spatial anchor, while the canyon is characterized by more heterogeneous vegetation. Puma–vicuña habitat selection correlation was positive in the llano and negative in the canyon, and similarly, utilization distributions were more strongly correlated in the llano than the canyon. Vicuña locations occurred at higher values of puma habitat selection and utilization in the llano than in the canyon. Similarly, puma locations in the llano occurred at higher values of vicuña habitat selection and utilization than in the canyon. Although pumas consistently selected for and utilized vegetative and topographic cover regardless of habitat distribution, vicuñas only selected against vegetation in the heterogeneous canyon site, reducing spatial correlation with pumas. Our work suggests a joint spatial anchor favors pumas in the space race due to the inability for vicuñas to avoid crucial foraging habitat. The outcome of the predator–prey space race appears to be strongly informed by the distribution of habitat, whereby corresponding predictability of predator and prey favors predators in the spatial game.
Enhanced Performance of a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Using NiWO4/Reduced Graphene Oxide Coated Carbon Cloth Anode
Authors: Geetanjali  , Rani R. , Kumar S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrobial fuel cell (MFC) technology has potential to generate bioelectricity. However, the low power density problem is considerably associated with anode materials and its performance. In this study, modified anodes for single chamber MFC (SMFC) have been developed using NiWO4 impregnated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (NWG) composite. The analytical and morphological properties of rGO, NiWO4 particles and NWG composites have been characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM. The electrochemical activity and capacitance of modified anode(s) are determined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatics charge‐discharge, respectively. Modified NWG composite (2 mmol)‐carbon cloth (CC) anode has highest capacitance value of 47.27 ± 0.18 F cm−2. The maximum power density obtained by modified NWG composite (2 mmol)‐CC anode was observed to be 1128 ± 42 mW m−2 which was 6.57 times higher than the unmodified anode (171 ± 8 mW m−2). Electrochemical impedance spectra results indicate a substantial improvement in electron transfer between the microbes and the modified NWG composites‐CC anodes. The decrease in the internal resistance of SMFC system is observed due to the improved electrochemical capacitance and synergistic effect between NiWO4 and rGO. In conclusion, modified NWG composites‐CC anodes enhance the performance considerably and show excellent potential in electrode surface electrocatalyst modifier in MFCs.
Do U.S. investors worry about fear in international equity markets? Empirical evidence on dynamic panel data
Authors: Cheuathonghua Massaporn , Padungsaksawasdi Chaiyuth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis is the first study of the dynamic relation between U.S. bilateral equity flows and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE's) implied volatility around the globe that employs the panel vector autoregression. We primarily find the unidirectional interdependence relation from the fear indices to the U.S. net equity flows and to the U.S. equity outflows, respectively. In addition, the impact of the fear indices on the U.S. equity flows is asymmetric, suggesting that U.S. investors are more sensitive during a high level of fear in foreign equity markets. Moreover, flight‐to‐quality, informational frictions and distance, and benefits of international portfolio diversification help to explain the movement of U.S. capital flows between European countries and Asia‐Pacific countries. Our findings call for policy makers in local equity markets to consider the impact.
Smallholder farmers' market participation and mobile phone‐based market information services in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Chikuni Thokozani , Kilima Fredy T.M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere has been growing interest in the development of technology‐based systems to empower farmers in Africa. This paper determines the effect of mobile phone‐based market information services (MIS) on farmers' decisions to participate in maize markets in Lilongwe, Malawi. The study reveals insufficient evidence to suggest that the MIS influence farmers' market participation decisions. Knowledge of prevailing prices may not necessarily guarantee farmers market participation, especially when buyers determine market prices and transaction costs are high. Consequently, farmers with no access to alternative markets fail to improve their marketing outcomes. The findings suggest that channelling government's resources towards improving extension services and increasing farmers' productivity are ideal ways to promote the participation of smallholder farmers in agricultural markets. The findings also underscore the need to integrate radio and mobile phones in agricultural MIS and to provide farmers with information related to agricultural production in addition to market prices. These recommendations could be realized through better coordination of market access initiatives involving smallholder farmers, government departments, NGOs, mobile network operators, and media houses.
An efficient or methodical review of immunotherapy against breast cancer
Authors: Guanghui Ren , Xiaoyan Hao , Shuyi Yang , Jun Chen , Guobin Qiu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is one of the most widespread malignancies in women worldwide. Breast cancer is mainly classified into a few key molecular subtypes in accordance with hormone and growth factor receptor expression, etc. In spite of numerous advances in the remedy of breast cancer, the development of metastatic disease remains an untreatable and repeated basis of cancer death for women. Preclinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy in cancer remedy have been in progress for the past quite a few decades by an effort to accelerate, augment, and modulate the immune system to spot and devastate cancer cells. Advancement of cancer immunotherapy is rapidly increasing with eminent and most interesting therapy compared to other therapy like targeted therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation as well as surgery. Cancer immunotherapy, also known as biological therapy, which denotes the controlling and by means of the patient's own immune system to goal the cancer cells rather than using an extrinsic therapy. In that way, focusing of cancer immunotherapy developing mediators that stimulates or enhances the immune system's recognition and destroying the cancer cells. This review describes a holistic outlook and deeper understanding of the biology of immunotherapy within the system of tumor microenvironment of breast cancer that improve clinical research and constructive impact on the study conclusion.
Magnolol induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells via G0/G1 phase arrest and p53‐mediated mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Zhou Siqi , Wen Haiyan , Li Haohuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a highly invasive primary malignancy of bone. Magnolol is biologically active, which shows antitumor effects in a variety of cancer cell lines. However, it has not been elucidated magnolol's effects on human osteosarcoma cells (HOC). This study aimed to determine antitumor activity of magnolol and illustrate the molecular mechanism in HOC. Magnolol showed significant inhibition effect of growth on MG‐63 and 143B cells and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. In osteosarcoma cells, magnolol upregulated expressions of proapoptosis proteins and suppressed expressions of antiapoptosis proteins. Additionally, under the pretreatment of pifithrin‐a (PFT‐a, a p53 inhibitor), the magnolol‐induced apoptosis was significantly reversed. The results above indicated that magnolol induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells may via G0/G1 phase arrest and p53‐mediated mitochondrial pathway.
Repair of Central Venous Catheter in a Single‐Center Adult Home Parenteral Nutrition Cohort
Authors: Velapati Saketh R. , Schroeder Sara , Kuchkuntla Aravind R. , Salonen Bradley R. , Bonnes Sara L. , Hurt Ryan T. , Mundi Manpreet S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic intestinal failure who require long‐term parenteral nutrition rely on central venous catheters (CVCs) for access to nutrition and hydration. With prolonged use, complications such as central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), damage to CVC, and central venous thrombosis (CVT) can threaten the availability of life‐preserving access. Because of this, all efforts should be made to preserve CVCs with techniques such as catheter salvage in case of CLABSI and catheter repair when damaged. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of catheter repair in our patient population.MethodsRetrospective review in 1253 adult patients who received home parenteral nutrition at the Mayo Clinic between September 1, 1997, and April 30, 2018, was conducted to determine the incidence of CLABSI and CVT in patients who underwent CVC repair.ResultsFifty‐five CVC repairs were performed in 36 patients (n = 23 female) with mean age of 57.05 ± 16.96 years. A total of 14 catheters (25.45%) were complicated with 24 episodes of CLABSI. CLABSI rate before and after repair was 0.23/1000 catheter days and 0.21/1000 catheter days, respectively. Most common indications for eventual catheter replacement were mechanical damage (32%), infection (32%), and switching to alternate mode of nutrition (24%). We had a 100% success rate of catheter repair procedure, and no post‐procedural complications were present.ConclusionCatheter repair can increase the catheter survival without increasing the risk of CLABSI, providing not only socioeconomic benefit but also decreasing risk of compromising future vascular access.
Dietitians’ Evaluation of Clearing Luminal Occlusions of Gunk (DECLOG): A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Escuro Arlene A. , Burns Berri , McLaughlin Kathleen , Lopez Rocio , Cresci Gail A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTube clogging is the most frequent mechanical complication associated with enteral nutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a protocol incorporating prophylactic use of a declogging system with enhanced patient education and monitoring to proactively reduce the incidence of tube occlusions in the home care setting.MethodsA convenient sample of patients discharged from hospital to home enteral nutrition (HEN) was screened for eligibility and randomized to control group (standard care) or study group (standard care with prophylactic protocol and monitoring). Study patients received 4 enzyme declogging kits before discharge and were instructed to administer them every 7 days for 4 weeks.ResultsSeventeen of 49 (35%) patients reported tube occlusions. The incidence of tube occlusion in the control group was not statistically different than in the study group (29% vs 39%, P = 0.44). There was no difference between the 2 groups for negative tube outcomes, such as tube occlusion (P = 0.44), emergency department visit (P = 0.24), tube replacement (P = 0.99), or hospital readmission (P = 0.33). Continuous feeding method (P = 0.037), small‐bowel feeding tubes (P = 0.016), and tube diameter <14 French (P = 0.069) were associated with tube occlusions.ConclusionA prophylactic protocol using an enzyme declogging system did not lessen the likelihood of tube occlusions when compared with standard care. Multiple factors are associated with tube occlusion. More research investigating the use of a declogging system to prevent clogging incidence in patients receiving HEN is warranted.
The ultimate goals of tooth regeneration: Where do we stand?
Authors: Kamate Wasim , Vibhute Nupura , Baad Rajendra , Belgaumi Uzma , Kadashetti Vidya , Bommanvar Sushma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe concept of tooth regeneration has fascinated many researchers recently. Several studies have been conducted in an attempt to regenerate either parts of tooth or a whole tooth. Although teeth and its constituent parts have very limited or no capacities of regeneration, several ex vivo and animal studies have exploited the use of stem cells to regenerate parts of a tooth or a whole tooth. This review is an attempt to better understand various aspects of biological regeneration of tooth structures. It gives a conceptual exploration of what we can expect from regeneration of a part of a tooth or a whole tooth and the various factors involved in achieving the ultimate goals of regeneration in which a fully restored and functional tooth is regenerated with the help of regenerative medicine using human stem cells.
Ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata induces antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress
Authors: Tang Jen‐Yang , Peng Sheng‐Yao , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Wang Chun‐Lin , Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Yu Tzu‐Jung , Hou Ming‐Feng , Wang Sheng‐Chieh , Yen Chia‐Hung , Chan Leong‐Perng , Ou‐Yang Fu , Chang Hsueh‐Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNepenthes plants are regarded as a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine for several diseases but its anticancer activity remain unclear. The subject of this study is to evaluate the antiproliferation effects on oral cancer cells by Nepenthes plants using ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata (EANA). Cell viability was detected using MTS assay. Its detailed mechanisms including cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were explored by flow cytometry or western blotting. For 24 hours EANA treatment, five kinds of oral cancer cells (CAL 27, Ca9‐22, OECM‐1, HSC‐3, and SCC9) show IC50 values of cell viability ranging from 8 to 17 μg/mL but the viability of normal oral cells (HGF‐1) remains over 80%. Subsequently, CAL 27 and Ca9‐22 cells with high sensitivity to EANA were chosen to investigate the detailed mechanism. EANA displays the time course and concentration effects for inducing apoptosis based on flow cytometry (subG1 and annexin V analyses) and western blotting [cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (c‐PARP)]. Oxidative stress and DNA damage were induced by EANA treatments in oral cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, mitochondrial superoxide, and γH2AX. All these changes of EANA treatments in oral cancer cells were reverted by the ROS scavenger N‐acetylcysteine pretreatment. Therefore, EANA induces preferential killing, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress.
Health Concerns and Access to Services: Female Sex Workers’ Experiences in Mumbai, India
Authors: Kaloga Marissa , Karandikar Sharvari , Gezinski Lindsay B. , McCloskey Rebecca J. 
Published: June 2019

Female sex workers (FSWs) in India experience unmet health‐care needs due to numerous barriers to care. The objectives of this study were to (i) explore the health concerns among FSWs in Kamathipura, a red‐light district of Mumbai, India; and (ii) understand their experiences using health‐related services and resources. This qualitative study used in‐depth, semi‐structured individual interviews with 15 FSWs recruited using snowball sampling. Data analysis consisted of reading transcriptions line by line, identifying themes, and coding categories. A matrix of health concerns and identified resources were created to examine relationships. Participants identified numerous health concerns. Six thematic categories emerged, encompassing all health concern codes: communicable disease, nutrition, substance abuse, reproductive health, mental health, and physical violence. Participants reported varying levels of availability of health services; additionally, their basic health needs exceeded resource availability. FSWs have vital health concerns that go untreated. Current health care and social service funding and interventions are insufficient to meet the needs. Health‐care services must be expanded across all identified health categories and FSWs informed of their existence. Furthermore, prevention and intervention programs, with support from both nonprofits and government, must be prioritized to address the basic food and safety needs of FSWs.