bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colon capsule endoscopy for colonic surveillance
Authors: Kroijer R. , Kobaek‐Larsen M. , Qvist N. , Knudsen T. , Baatrup G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimResources used in surveillance colonoscopies are taking up an increasing proportion of colonoscopy capacity. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a promising technique for noninvasive investigation of the colon. We aimed to investigate CCE as a possible filter in colonic surveillance with the primary outcome of reducing the number of colonoscopies.MethodPatients scheduled for follow‐up colonoscopy were subjected to a primary CCE and only supplemental conventional endoscopy if significant pathology was detected or if the CCE examination was incomplete. Significant pathology was defined as more than two small polyps, or one polyp greater than 9 mm or any polyp in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Supplemental endoscopy was carried out to the extent needed to resect the detected polyps and investigate the parts of the colon that were not sufficiently visualized by the capsule.ResultsA total of 180 patients were included. Seventy‐seven patients (43%) had a complete CCE with no significant findings. A complete colonoscopy was carried out in 67 patients (37%) and 36 patients (20%) underwent a sigmoidoscopy. In the 103 patients undergoing endoscopy, 59 (57%) had no adenomas detected, 33 (32%) had ‘low‐risk’ adenomas and 11 (11%) had ‘high‐risk’ adenomas.ConclusionThe introduction of CCE as filter test in colonic surveillance reduced colonoscopies by 43%, but this implies that untreated polyps are left behind and is not cost‐effective. The CCE completion rate must be improved.
Begin at the Beginning: A Constructionist Model for Interpreting Data Visualizations
Authors: Wojton Mary Ann , Hayde Donnelley , Heimlich Joe E. , Börner Katy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWithin museums and science centers, the visual presentation of data represents a timely, relevant, and formidable interpretive challenge. Tackling this challenge head on, however, means employing a series of principles that position educators to support learners of all skill levels in interpreting data visualizations more generally. In this article, we introduce the Simplicity‐Familiarity Matrix, a research‐driven model for situating complex data visualizations in the context of exhibition design. This model emerges from a study of data literacy that was undertaken at five informal learning institutions, along with established principles of constructionist approaches to teaching. Specifically, it highlights key affordances and challenges we associate with data visualizations along two spectra: simplicity and familiarity. We propose the Simplicity‐Familiarity Matrix, along with criteria for each quadrant, to assist museum professionals when designing interpretative materials for an exhibition space. In light of these considerations, we close with several guiding principles for supporting learners’ apprehension of data visualizations in museums: (1) including the use of well‐designed, easy‐to‐understand data visualizations, (2) providing appropriate support and guidance, (3) offering multiple modes of access, and (4) making data visualizations relevant to visitors, e.g., via personalization.
Casting a line: digital co‐production, hospitality and mobilities in cultural heritage settings
Authors: Ross Jen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCo‐production in digital cultural heritage settings has distinctive features, of interest to researchers and professionals in the field. Drawing on theories of hospitality and mobilities, this article explores the impact of multiple spaces and times, the ‘unknowable other’, the challenges to the stability of relationships of host and guest, and the rethinking of hospitality that come along with digital co‐production. It offers the concept of ‘trajectory’ as a new and generative way of considering hospitality. Tracing the concept of trajectory through a recent research project, Artcasting, it concludes with observations about how features of digital co‐production can and should shape our understandings and expectations of digital and mobile engagement with cultural heritage.
Social networks and quitting in a national cohort of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers
Authors: Thomas David P. , Davey Maureen E. , van der Sterren Anke E. , Lyons Louise , Hunt Jennifer M. , Bennet Pele T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsHealth behaviours, such as smoking and quitting, spread person‐to‐person through social networks. We explore how social networks are associated with making and sustaining quit attempts for at least 1 month among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers.Design and MethodsWe analysed data from the nationally representative quota sample of 759 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults who reported smoking at least weekly in Talking About The Smokes baseline survey (April 2012–October 2013) who completed a follow‐up survey a year later (August 2013–August 2014).ResultsAt baseline, 41% of smokers reported that all of their five closest family or friends smoked, but 62% reported that family or friends had provided encouragement to quit. Fewer smokers with other adult smokers in their household at baseline made a quit attempt between surveys (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.87). Fewer smokers who had made an attempt between surveys sustained abstinence for at least 1 month if all of their five closest friends smoked (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.97). Perceived support to quit in your social network was associated with making and sustaining a quit attempt.Discussion and ConclusionsExposure to smoking in the social networks of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers is an obstacle to quitting, but there is also considerable support for quitting from within these same social networks. Health staff could consider encouraging smokers to draw on the few non‐smokers within their social networks as role models to increase their confidence in quitting.
Potential migratory routes of Urania boisduvalii (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae) among host plant populations
Authors: Nuñez‐Penichet Claudia , Cobos Marlon E. , Barro Alejandro , Soberón Jorge 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimMigratory species depend on various habitats and resources along their migration routes. Characteristics such as dependence on distinct habitats and the presence of multiple threats along their migratory routes make these species vulnerable, and gaps in knowledge about their ecology and migration processes make them difficult to conserve. Urania boisduvalii is a diurnal moth endemic to Cuba that feeds on plants of Omphalea spp. during its larval phases. These plants produce secondary metabolites as a defence against the moth's larvae, which then are forced to migrate. Although some ecological aspects of Urania boisduvalii are known, its migration routes remain largely unknown. This research proposes potential migratory routes of Urania boisduvalii among populations of its host plant.LocationCuba.MethodsWe developed ecological niche models of the moth and its hosts based on environmental, anthropic, biotic and biogeographic factors to obtain potential distributional areas that include zones where positive interactions are found but exclude those where negative factors are present. These areas were overlapped to hypothesize potential breeding areas for the moths. Potential migratory corridors were proposed based on environmental connectivity.ResultsThe moth and its hosts have broad potential distributions; however, limiting factors have substantially reduced these areas, especially for plants. The potential migratory routes of Urania boisduvalii are complex and mostly involve the western and eastern regions of Cuba. Most records outside potential breeding areas were close to these migratory corridors.Main conclusionsWe offer initial hypotheses of the migratory routes of U. boisduvalii, which may be useful to guiding monitoring projects that can provide more definitive views of the seasonal distribution of this species across the Cuban archipelago.
Strengthening the Foundations? Alternative Institutions for Finance and Development
Authors: Kring William N. , Gallagher Kevin P. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe 21st century has ushered in the emergence of alternative institutions for liquidity provision and development finance, many of which are Southern‐led. The special issue that follows this Introduction assesses the extent to which existing theoretical perspectives and tools are sufficient for evaluating the implications of these alternatives for the global financial architecture. Our analysis finds that while an increasingly varied landscape of diverse institutions designed to foster financial stability and development comes with inherent risks, these new forms of finance bring real benefits to an architecture that has long been deemed insufficient. Larger and more capable Southern‐led institutions not only mean additional sources of financing for emerging market and developing countries, but also could increase their voice in an international financial architecture long dominated by the most advanced economies. That said, the variation in the landscape could create inequities and fault lines between new and existing institutions, which will be difficult to overcome through the coordination of a fragmented and diverse system. Finally, despite the increases in capital for liquidity provision and development made available by these new institutions, significantly more financing and coordination will be needed to achieve financial stability and economic development on a global scale.
Multilateral Development Finance in Non‐Western Thought: From Before Bretton Woods to Beyond
Authors: Helleiner Eric 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTRecent initiatives of China and other emerging powers to create new multilateral development lending institutions (MDLIs) are often portrayed as efforts to build upon and/or reform an idea pioneered by Western officials during the Bretton Woods negotiations. However, recent literature has shown that support for MDLIs also had deeper non‐Western roots in the pre‐Bretton Woods era. What led thinkers outside the West to propose MDLIs in that earlier period? How might their ideas be relevant to current non‐Western initiatives to create new MDLIs? This article addresses these questions with a special focus on the ideas of China's Sun Yat‐sen (1866–1925) and Peru's Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (1895–1979). Although their intellectual journeys were quite distinct and their specific proposals differed, these two thinkers advocated the creation of MDLIs for similar reasons that stemmed from their anti‐imperialist sentiments. Their ideas find some echoes in current non‐Western initiatives.
Leaving the Nest: The Rise of Regional Financial Arrangements and the Future of Global Governance
Authors: Kring William N. , Grimes William W. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis article examines the impact of regional financial arrangements (RFAs) on the global liquidity regime. It argues that the design of RFAs could potentially alter the global regime, whether by strengthening it and making it more coherent or by decentring the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and destabilizing it. To determine possible outcomes, this analysis deploys a ‘middle‐up’ approach that focuses on the institutional design of these RFAs. It first draws on the rational design of institutions framework to identify the internal characteristics of RFAs that are most relevant to their capabilities and capacities. It then applies these insights to the interactions of RFAs with the IMF, building on Aggarwal's (1998) concept of ‘nested’ versus ‘parallel’ institutions, to create an analytical lens through which to assess the nature and sustainability of nested linkages. Through an analysis of the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM) and the Latin American Reserve Fund (FLAR), the article demonstrates the usefulness of this lens. It concludes by considering three circumstances in which fault lines created by these RFAs’ institutional design could be activated, permitting an institution to ‘leave the nest’, including changing intentions of principals, creation of parallel capabilities and facilities, and failure of the global regime to address regional needs in a crisis.
The New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: China's Ambiguous Approach to Global Financial Governance
Authors: Wang Hongying 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe creation of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has generated a great deal of attention and controversy in the development community and beyond. Do these banks indicate that China is promoting a new model of multilateral development finance that undermines the existing system dating back to Bretton Woods? What are the forces shaping China's policy choices in this area? In contrast to the prevailing tendency to view these banks as part and parcel of the same challenge or opportunity for multilateral development financing, this article highlights major distinctions between the NDB and the AIIB. The fact that China is playing a prominent role in both the NDB and the AIIB suggests that China is not promoting a coherent new model of multilateral development financing, but is instead straddling different traditions in this realm of global financial governance. The ambiguity in China's approach to multilateral development finance is shaped by its multiple identities and complex economic and political interests.
Damaging democracy? Security provision and turnout in Afghan elections†
Authors: Condra Luke N. , Callen Michael , Iyengar Radha K. , Long James D. , Shapiro Jacob N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn emerging democracies, elections are encouraged as a route to democratization. However, not only does violence often threaten these elections, but citizens often view as corrupt the security forces deployed to combat violence. We examine the effects of such security provision. In Afghanistan's 2010 parliamentary election, polling centers with similar histories of pre‐election violence unintentionally received different deployments of the Afghan National Police, enabling identification of police's effects on turnout. Using data from the universe of polling sites and various household surveys, data usually unavailable in conflict settings, we estimate increases in police presence decreased voter turnout by an average of 30%. Our results adjudicate between competing theoretical mechanisms through which security forces could affect turnout, and show behavior is not driven by voter anticipation of election‐day violence. This highlights a pitfall for building government legitimacy via elections in weakly institutionalized and conflict‐affected states.
Proteomic analysis of stratum corneum in Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphomas and psoriasis
Authors: Méhul Bruno , Ménigot Corinne , Fogel Paul , Seraidaris Alexia , Genette Alexandre , Pascual Thierry , Duvic Madeleine , Voegel Johannes J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStratum corneum collected by tape stripping from 10 and 24 subjects with cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) or psoriasis, respectively, were compared using quantitative label‐free mass spectrometry analysis. A non‐supervised statistical analysis (Posneg NMF) based on 352 differentially expressed proteins in both CTCL and psoriasis samples was able to separate the two disease groups and finally able to identify a set of 112 proteins that contributed most and significantly to the separation when compared to non‐lesional samples. In addition, Luminex assay revealed that the increase in the amount of chemokines related to the inflammatory response, and immune cell infiltration and recruitment in lesional stratum corneum in CTCL, including CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL27, TNF and sICAM‐1 was in agreement with published data on entire skin biopsies. Proteome analysis using quantitative methods including mass spectrometry and Luminex technology offered the possibility to investigate the relevant protein signature in CTCL and may be helpful to diagnose and investigate the efficacy of treatments in clinical investigations using non‐invasive methods in future.
Alternative transient states and slow plant community responses after changed flooding regimes
Authors: Sarneel Judith M. , Hefting Mariet M. , Kowalchuk George A. , Nilsson Christer , Van der Velden Merit , Visser Eric J. W. , Voesenek Laurentius A. C. J. , Jansson Roland 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClimate change will have large consequences for flooding frequencies in freshwater systems. In interaction with anthropogenic activities (flow regulation, channel restoration and catchment land‐use) this will both increase flooding and drought across the world. Like in many other ecosystems facing changed environmental conditions, it remains difficult to predict the rate and trajectory of vegetation responses to changed conditions. Given that critical ecosystem services (e.g. bank stabilization, carbon subsidies to aquatic communities or water purification) depend on riparian vegetation composition, it is important to understand how and how fast riparian vegetation responds to changing flooding regimes. We studied vegetation changes over 19 growing seasons in turfs that were transplanted in a full‐factorial design between three riparian elevations with different flooding frequencies. We found that (a) some transplanted communities may have developed into an alternative stable state and were still different from the target community, and (b) pathways of vegetation change were highly directional but alternative trajectories did occur, (c) changes were rather linear but faster when flooding frequencies increased than when they decreased, and (d) we observed fastest changes in turfs when proxies for mortality and colonization were highest. These results provide rare examples of alternative transient trajectories and stable states under field conditions, which is an important step towards understanding their drivers and their frequency in a changing world.
Partial pulpotomy with two bioactive cements in permanent teeth of 6‐ to 18‐year‐old patients with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uesrichai N. , Nirunsittirat A. , Chuveera P. , Srisuwan T. , Sastraruji T. , Chompu‐inwai P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the outcome of partial pulpotomy using two cements, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA) and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint‐Maur‐des‐Fossés, France), in permanent teeth of 6‐ to 18‐year‐old patients with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis. Furthermore, the frequencies of perceptible grey discoloration caused by the cements were compared.MethodologySixty‐nine permanent first molars with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis, from 69 patients, were included. All operators performed partial pulpotomy under a standardized protocol. Teeth were allocated, using a website‐generated number of simple randomization, to partial pulpotomy with either ProRoot MTA (37 teeth) or Biodentine (32 teeth) and were restored with composite resin or stainless steel crowns. Patients were recalled every 6 months. To be categorized as having success, the evaluated tooth must have had both clinical and radiographic success. In addition, photographs of treated teeth were evaluated for frequency of perceptible grey discoloration. Success rates between the two cements were compared using the Fisher exact test. The frequencies of perceptible grey discoloration were compared using the chi‐square test. The percentage difference was estimated by 95% confidence interval, and the level of significant difference was P < 0.05.ResultsAt a mean follow‐up of 32.2 ± 17.9 months, a total of 67 teeth, 37 with ProRoot MTA and 30 with Biodentine, were available for evaluation. The mean age of participants was 10 ± 2.1 years and, there were no differences in the baseline variables (gender, age, tooth type, periapical status, stage of root development, final restoration and follow‐up period) between the groups. The overall success in both groups was 90%, with 92% for ProRoot MTA and 87% for Biodentine (difference, 5%; 95% confidence interval, −9% to 19%, P = 0.487), suggesting that Biodentine was noninferior to ProRoot MTA. Perceptible grey discoloration was observed in both groups, 80% for teeth treated with ProRoot MTA and 27% for teeth treated with Biodentine, with a significant difference between the materials (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPermanent teeth with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis in 6‐ to 18‐year‐old patients were successfully treated with partial pulpotomy using both cements. Biodentine exhibited significantly less frequency of discoloration than did ProRoot MTA.
Preparation and microwave dielectric properties of B2O3 bulk
Authors: Li Lei , Hong Wen Bin , Yan Xiao Jian , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe transparent B2O3 bulks were prepared by quenching B2O3 melt or cooling it down to room temperature with the rate of 0.1‐1°C/min. The quenched sample exhibited the dense microstructure, while the pores were observed for low cooling rates, and this is consistent with the slight decrease in density and permittivity (εr) with decreasing the cooling rate. Both the amorphous and cubic phases of B2O3 were indicated by XRD, and the content of the cubic phase increased with the decrease in cooling rate, which was responsible for the decreasing Qf value with the lower cooling rate. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) was insensitive to the cooling rate, and the microwave dielectric properties with εr = 3.86‐3.97, Qf = 3,200‐5,300 GHz and τf = −48.9 to −42.8 ppm/°C were obtained in the B2O3 bulks. The reported microwave dielectric properties of B2O3 bulk are helpful to estimate the effects of the residual B2O3 on the properties of the microwave dielectric ceramics with B2O3 and H3BO3 as the sintering aid.
Effect of electronegativity on microwave dielectric properties of MgTi1−x(A1/3Sb2/3)xO3 (A = Mg2+, Zn2+) ceramics
Authors: Kim Jae Min , Jo Hyeon Woo , Kim Eung Soo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicrowave dielectric properties of MgTi1−x(A1/3Sb2/3)xO3 (A = Mg2+, Zn2+, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.125) ceramics were investigated as a function of the electronegativity difference (X) between (A1/3Sb2/3)4+ ions (A = Mg2+, Zn2+) and O2− ion. A single phase with an ilmenite structure was detected for the specimens sintered at 1450°C for 4 hours in the entire range of compositions. With the substitution of (A1/3Sb2/3)4+ ions (A = Mg2+, Zn2+) at Ti4+‐sites of MgTiO3, the quality‐factor (Qf) values of the specimens increased up to x = 0.05 mol, and then decreased with the further substitution owing to the electronegativity difference (X) between the (A1/3Sb2/3)4+ ions (A = Mg2+, Zn2+) and Ti4+ ion. The specimens with (Mg1/3Sb2/3)4+ ions exhibited higher Qf values than those with (Zn1/3Sb2/3)4+ ions. These results could be attributed to the smaller electronegativity of (Mg1/3Sb2/3)4+ (1.80) than that of (Zn1/3Sb2/3)4+ (1.92). The dependences of the microwave dielectric properties on the structural characteristics of the MgTi1−x (A1/3Sb2/3)xO3 ceramics were also discussed.