bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refrac Implementation in Legacy Shale Play Re-Development: A Multivariable Approach
Authors: Sharma Akash , Mathukutty Shibu , Siegel Samantha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Improved completion design and field development strategies have provided commodity price resilience by sustained efficiency gains across most major US Shale plays. This rapid evolution in completion practices, however, has created behind pipe opportunities. Refracturing offers a viable solution to maximize on these opportunities, however, its effectiveness is dependent on a variety of factors. The present paper explores the implementation of refracturing as a re-development strategy in legacy shale plays and evaluates it as a truly multivariable problem.
The paper takes into consideration petrophysical parameters, initial completion design, chemical composition, formation quality, time from original completion, refrac completion design and production performance to quantify impact on refrac KPIs such as IP ratio, EUR ratio, decline trend impact, amongst others. The paper does this by using an ACE (alternating conditional expectation) non-linear regression model that incorporates the KPI’s as response variables and utilizes the transforms of a wide range of input variables to identify cause and effect relationships. By running this analysis across multiple legacy shale plays, including the Haynesville, and Barnett, the paper provides best-practices to maximize refracturing success.
While refrac can offer a viable solution in obtaining incremental production, depending on the basin, a refrac can be a tenth of the expense of a new well and can beneficially impact the production from the existing well. In most cases, the analysis found EUR predictions improved by 30% - 200%. While correlations varied across basins and completion design, an inverse correlation was found between refrac KPIs and initial frac intensity.
Although, refracturing in horizontal shale wells is a well-established practice, a significant amount of analysis on their performance is focused on one or two key variables. The present paper adds to the existing body of literature by using data analytics and machine learning to evaluate this strategy from a truly multivariable standpoint. The paper also provides best practices to evaluate and predict refrac performance to de-risk refrac as a field re-development strategy.
Improved Drilling Efficiencies Using Offline Cementing Saves Days on Well and Reduces Costs
Authors: Van Meter Samuel , Kutchak Kristin , Guerrero Habib 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Drilling in the Appalachian basin in Pennsylvania has evolved since its inception. Operators have shifted their focus from mere wellbore delivery to delivering wells in the shortest amount of time to reduce risks and costs, as well as drive efficiency. This paper presents a case study in which offline cementing helped improve operation efficiency by reducing drilling times and provided significant cost savings.
Offline cementing is not a new concept. In Q4 2015, an operator drilling in the Eagle Ford shale began the movement of their program toward offline cementing of both the surface and production casings. The operator determined that reducing flat time was crucial to create a cost savings (Hsieh 2018). When another operator began their 2018 drilling program in northeastern Pennsylvania, improving efficiencies was discussed with the service company. After quantifying the experience obtained during a previous project, the service company proposed offline cementing because of the economic benefits it could provide.
The service company was able to cement both the surface and intermediate casing strings offline while the operator skidded to the next well to begin rigging up. All surface casings were drilled and cemented offline and the rig skidded back to drill for the intermediate casings, which were also cemented offline. Approximately 15 hours was saved by skidding between surface strings, and another 16 hours was saved between intermediate casings.
This paper discusses the successful use of offline cementing during drilling operations in northeastern Pennsylvania. The flat time reduction achieved during this drilling program can be quantified into a cost savings of approximately USD 80,000 per well.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Colonization and Its Association with Pulmonary Diseases Based on a Multicenter Study by an Improved Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay
Authors: Xue Ting , Ma Zhuang , Liu Fan , Du Wei-Qin , He Li , Wang Jin-Yan , An Chun-Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Pneumocystis jirovecii ( P. jirovecii ) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and the role of its colonization in pulmonary diseases has become a popular focus in recent years. The aim of this study is to develop an improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii ( P. jirovecii ) DNA and use it to examine the prevalence and association of P. jirovecii colonization among non-HIV patients with various pulmonary diseases.
Methods
We modified the previously reported LAMP assay for P. jirovecii by adding real-time detection. This method was used to detect P. jirovecii colonization in pulmonary samples collected from 403 non-HIV patients with various pulmonary diseases enrolled from 5 hospitals in China. We determined the prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization in 7 types of pulmonary diseases and assessed the association of P. jirovecii colonization with clinical characteristics of these diseases.
Results
The new LAMP assay showed no cross-reactivity with other common pulmonary microbes and was 1,000 times more sensitive than that of conventional PCR. Using the new LAMP assay, we detected P. jirovecii colonization in 281 (69.7%) of the 403 patients enrolled. P. jirovecii colonization was more common in interstitial lung diseases than in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (84.6% vs 64.5%, P < 0.05). Patients with acute exacerbation of COPD had a higher prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization compared to patients with stabilized COPD (67.4% vs 43.3%, P < 0.05). P. jirovecii colonization was associated with decreased pulmonary function, increased levels of 1,3-β-D-glucan and C-reactive protein, and decreased levels of CD4+ T-cell counts (P < 0.05 for each). Approximately 70% of P. jirovecii colonized patients had confections with other fungi or bacteria.
Conclusions
We developed an improved LAMP assay for detecting P. jirovecii . Our multi-center study of 403 patients supports that P. jirovecii colonization is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary diseases and highlights the need to further study the pathogenesis and transmission of P. jirovecii colonization in pulmonary diseases.
Regorafenib plus FOLFIRI with irinotecan dose escalated according to uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 genotyping in previous treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ma Cheng-Jen , Chang Tsung-Kun , Tsai Hsiang-Lin , Su Wei-Chih , Huang Ching-Wen , Yeh Yung-Sung , Chang Yu-Tang , Wang Jaw Yuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) previously treated with fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, monoclonal antibodies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monoclonal antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A dose reduction from 160 mg to 120 mg regorafenib reduces regorafenib-associated adverse events (AEs). Dose adjustment of irinotecan in FOLFIRI regimen on basis of individual uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) genotype provides optimal oncological outcomes with acceptable AEs. This study is trying to address the efficacy and safety of dose adjusted combination of regorafenib and FOLFIRI for patients with mCRC. Methods A prospective, multicenter, randomized in a 2:1 ratio, controlled, clinical trial with two parallel arms will be conducted to compare irinotecan dose escalated FOLFIRI according to UGT1A1 genotyping plus 120 mg regorafenib with 120 mg regorafenib alone in previously treated patients with mCRC. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoints are overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), time to progression (TTP), and duration of treatment (DoT). Safety assessments are recorded as well. Discussion Dose adjustment for regorafenib and irinotecan makes treatment-related AEs tolerable and makes the concomitant treatment practicable. This study will provide initial evidences regarding the efficacy and safety of a new combination of chemotherapy and a targeted agent for mCRC.
Dual effect of the Valsalva maneuver on autonomic nervous system activity, intraocular pressure, Schlemm’s canal, and iridocorneal angle morphology
Authors: Sun Li , Chen Wei , Chen Zhiqi , Xiang Yan , Guo Jingmin , Hu Tian , Xu Qiongfang , Zhang Hong , Wang Junming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The Valsalva maneuver (VM) is widely used in daily life, and has been reported to cause high intraocular pressure (IOP). This study aimed to assess changes in IOP, the Schlemm’s canal (SC), autonomic nervous system activity, and iridocorneal angle morphology in healthy individuals during different phases of the VM.

Methods: The high frequency (HF) of heart rate (HR) variability, the ratio of low frequency power (LF) and HF (LF/HF), heart rate (HR), IOP, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the area of SC (SCAR), pupil diameter (PD), and some iridocorneal angle parameters (AOD500, ARA750, TIA500 and TISA500) were measured in 29 young healthy individuals at baseline, phase 2, and phase 4 of the VM. SBP and DBP were measured to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP). HF and the LF/HF ratio were recorded using Kubios HR variability premium software to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity. The profiles of the anterior chamber were captured by a Spectralis optical coherence tomography device (anterior segment module).

Results: Compared with baseline values, in phase 2 of the VM, HR, LF/HF, IOP (15.1±2.7 vs. 18.8±3.5 mmHg, P < 0.001), SCAR(mean) (7712.112±2992.14 vs. 8921.12±4482.79 μm2, P = 0.039), and PD increased significantly, whereas MOPP, AOD500, TIA500, and TISA500 decreased significantly. In phase 4, DBP, MAP, AOD500, ARA750, TIA500and TISA500 were significantly lower than baseline value, while PD and HF were remarkably larger than baseline. The comparison between phase 2 and phase 4 showed that HR, IOP (18.8±3.5 vs. 14.7±2.9 mmHg, P < 0.001) and PD decreased significantly from phase 2 to phase 4, but there were no significant differences in other parameters.

Conclusions: The expansion and collapse of the SC in different phases of the VM may arise from changes in autonomic nervous system activity. Further, the effects of the VM on IOP may be attributed to changes in blood flow and ocular anatomy.
Genome-wide identification and transcript analysis of TCP transcription factors in grapevine
Authors: leng xiangpeng , Wei Hongru , Xu Xiaozhao , Ghuge Sandip A. , Jia Dongjie , Liu Gengsen , Wang Yongzhang , Yuan Yongbing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The plant-specific TCP transcription factors play different functions in multiple processes of plant growth and development. TCP family genes have been identified in several plant species, but no comprehensive analysis of the TCP family in grapevine has been undertaken to date, especially their roles in fruit development. Results A total of 18 non-redundant grapevine TCP (VvTCP) genes distributing on 11 chromosomes were identified. Phylogenetic and structural analysis showed that VvTCP genes were divided into two main classes - class I and class II. The Class II genes were further classified into two subclasses, the CIN subclass and the CYC/TB1 subclass. Segmental duplication was a predominant duplication event which caused the expansion of VvTCP genes. The cis-acting elements analysis and tissue-specific expression patterns of VvTCP genes demonstrated that these VvTCP genes might play important roles in plant growth and development. Expression patterns of VvTCP genes during fruit development and ripening were analyzed by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. Among them, eleven VvTCP genes were down-regulated during different fruit developmental stages, while only one VvTCP genes were up-regulated, suggesting that most VvTCP genes were probably related to early development in grapevine fruit. Futhermore, the expression of most VvTCP genes can be inhibited by drought and waterlogging stresses. Conclusions Our study establishes the first genome-wide analysis of the grapevine TCP gene family and provides valuable information for understanding the classification and functions of the TCP genes in grapevine.
Effect of HELLP syndrome on acute kidney injury in pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Qiang , LING Guan-jun , ZHANG Shao-quan , ZHAI Wen-qing , CHEN Yi-juan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background HELLP syndrome is a common complication during pregnancy,especially among those who with gestational hypertension. At present, the impact of HELLP syndrome on AKI（acute kidney injury） and maternal and infant outcomes is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to find out more about the relationship between HELLP syndrome and acute kidney injury during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Methods We systematically searched PubMed , Embase and Cochrane Databases for cohort studies to assess the effect of HELLP syndrome on P-AKI(acute kidney injury in pregnancy) and maternal and infant outcomes. Using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled with a random- or fixed-effect models when appropriate. Results This meta-analysis included 11 cohort studies with a total of 6333 Participants, including 355 cases of pregnant women with HELLP syndrome and 5979 cases that without. HELLP syndrome has been associated with relatively higher risk of AKI during pregnancy（OR4.87 95% CI 3.31～7.17，P＜0.001）, fetal mortality（OR1.56 95% CI 1.45～2.11，P＜0.001） and Maternal death（OR3.70 95% CI 1.72～7.99，P＜0.001）. Conclusions HELLP syndrome has been associated with relatively higher risk of P-AKI, fetal mortality and Maternal death .
Antiseptics As Adjuncts To Scaling And Root Planing In The Treatment Of Periodontitis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ramanauskaite Egle , Machiulskiene Vita 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is microbially-associated, host-mediated inflammatory condition that results in loss of periodontal attachment. The goals of periodontal therapy include arresting the disease progression, establishing healthy, stable, maintainable periodontal conditions. A fundamental strategy of treating periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP), however its efficacy may be restricted in areas inaccessible for mechanical instrumentation. As periodontitis is infectious in nature, it might be helpful to use additional antimicrobial adjuncts, in order to eliminate or inactivate pathogenic microflora. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current evidence regarding the potential clinical benefits of using additional antiseptics for SRP in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (Ovid) and Cohrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases for articles published between January 1, 2000 and September 22, 2019. Randomized controlled clinical trials in English that compare the effectiveness of one or more antiseptic agents as adjuncts to SRP with a follow-up of ≥ 6 months were included. A meta-analysis using the random-effects model was performed on the selected qualifying articles. Results: The search resulted in 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Based on the vehicle employed to deliver the antiseptic agent, studies were divided into adjunctive sustained-release antiseptics (gels, chips and varnish) and adjunctive irrigation with antiseptics. The meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements in probing depth (PD) reduction (p = 0.001), clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (p = 0.001), and bleeding on probing (BOP) values (p = 0.001) following the adjunctive subgingival application of sustained-release antiseptics. Additional subgingival irrigation with antiseptics failed to show significant improvements in PD (p = 0.321), CAL (p = 0.7568), or BOP values (p = 0.3549) over SRP alone. Conclusions: Adjunctive subgingivally delivered antiseptics with a sustained-release delivery have significant clinical benefits compared to SRP alone.
Understanding the ward environment: a mixed-methods exploratory study of factors determining medical students’ ‘ward smarts’.
Authors: Poynton-Smith Emma , Colwill Erica , Sahota Opinder 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BackgroundMedical students are expected to know how to function on hospital wards and to be at ease within the ward environment. Such ward-based knowledge indicates that a student is ‘ward smart’: levels of ward smarts vary between students (e.g. based on prior work experience and opportunities offered by placements). However, formal teaching in this area seems to be somewhat neglected, with students being left to ‘pick up’ this knowledge as they go along, which can have an impact on their clinical education. MethodsData were collected via an online questionnaire comprising both closed and open questions designed to assess students’ ward smarts, focusing on knowledge of the ward environment (routines, equipment, and terminology used), relevant clinical knowledge, and communication/roles of other members of the multi-disciplinary team. Multiple regression was used to identify factors influencing students’ scores (i.e. demographics, work experience). Thematic analysis was used to explore medical students’ opinions on how their ward understanding could be improved.ResultsIn our sample of 53 medical students, 96% did not know how to turn on a hearing aid and only 31% knew what a Waterlow score was. Furthermore, 88% did not know how to read an oxygen flowmeter, and only 57% knew where the CPR lever on the bed was situated.Multiple regression showed that ward smarts can be predicted by previous hospital-based work and year group, both of which may represent time spent on wards. Thematic analysis suggested that students felt their understanding of wards would benefit from more ward time and shadowing allied healthcare professionals on the wards.ConclusionsThis suggests that students may not be prepared to work in a ward environment. We propose, based on training implemented in other medical schools, that a specific ward-based interprofessional learning placement or experience should be added to the medical curriculum. As an initial step, specific teaching and/or practical sessions for students centred around patient communication and understanding the ward environment would be beneficial.
Prevalence Of Human Papillomavirus And Co-existent Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female
Authors: Belfort Ilka Kassandra Pereira , Leite Carla Figueredo Belfort , Belfort Francisco Pedro , Gaspar Renata Lemos , Monteiro Pablo Matos , Costa Lucas Henrique de Lima , Cunha Ana Paula Almeida , Vidal Flávia Castello Branco , Barros Allan Kardec Duailibe , Monteiro Sally Cristina Moutinho 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world, with a higher prevalence among young adults at the onset of sexual activity, Methods: prospective cross-sectional study were performed among 162 women aged between 18 and 73 years. For the DNA/HPV isolation, samples were collected and placed in the HC2 DNA Collection buffer (QIAGEN, CA, USA), and frozen at -20°C until processed. DNA/HPV extraction were performed by using QIAamp DNA Mini and Blood kit (QIAGEN, CA, USA) according to manufacturer instructions. Total DNA was isolated, eluted in 100 mL AE buffer and stored at 80˚C. Extracted DNA was quantified using a NanoVue unit (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Little Chalfont, UK). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS® software version 23. Data were initially subjected to descriptive analysis, plus mean and standard deviation. Results: among the participants, 61.7% had DNA / HPV and 66.7% were users of illicit drugs and 59.3% were non-users, making them statistically significant. Among DNA/HPV positive users there was a higher proportion of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (27.9%) compared to non-users (9.27%) (p> 0.05). Conclusion: the vulnerability of women to STIs and the high influence caused by the socioeconomic context in the course of these infections, the importance of public policies that establish appropriate strategies for their prevention, early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized, so that there is. The Research Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão approved the project under the number CAAE 76328917.5.0000.5086, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) promote the effect of therapeutic angiogenesis in critical limb ischemia (CLI) of diabetic rats
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Tao , Wu Xiangfeng , Wang Ying , Wu Xuanqin , Zhou Meiling , Li Zhu , Liu Bing , Zheng Feng , Sun Xizhuo , Liu Tao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the leading cause of lower limb amputation. Traditional treatments for CLI have limitations. Studies have shown that thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) can promote the growth of neovascularization. Results: In this study, we observed the angiogenesis efficiency of TSP4-overexpressing BMSC transplantation in CLI treatment. The recombinant FT106-tsp4-gfp lentiviral vector plasmid was constructed and transfected into 293FT cells. Primary BMSCs were successfully infected with the tsp4 virus, and TSP4 overexpression was confirmed before TSP4-BMSCs infusion. In vitro, TSP4-BMSCs were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) secretion were measured in the co-culture supernatants by ELISA. The effect of TSP4-BMSCs on endothelial cell proliferation and migration was detected. Meanwhile, the effects of TSP4-BMSC on the angiogenesis of endothelial cells were tested by tube formation experiment and arterial ring test. In vivo, a rat CLI model was established, and 60 CLI rats were randomly divided into the CLI, BMSC + CLI and TSP4-BMSC + CLI groups. The effect of TSP4-BMSC on angiogenesis was detected by the motor function, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining assays. Neovascular density was detected by digital substraction angiography (DSA). Our results demonstrated that TSP4-BMSCs obviously increased TSP4, VEGF, Ang-1, MMP9, MMP2 and p-Cdc42/Rac1 expression in endothelial cells. TSP4-BMSCs treatment notably upregulated the TGF-β/smad2/3 signal pathway in HUVECs. In vivo, TSP4-BMSCs improved the motor function score of the CLI rats and increased MMP2, MMP9, Ang-1, VEGF and vWF protein expression in tissue of the ischaemic area. Meanwhile, new blood vessels can be observed around the ischemic area after TSP4-BMSCs treatment. Conclusion: Our data illustrate that TSP4-BMSCs can promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and the recovery of motor function in diabetic hind limb ischaemic rats. TSP4-BMSCs have better therapeutic effects than BMSCs.