bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of gingiva‐derived and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for osteogenesis
Authors: Sun Quan , Nakata Hidemi , Yamamoto Maiko , Kasugai Shohei , Kuroda Shinji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPresently, bone marrow is considered as a prime source of mesenchymal stem cells; however, there are some drawbacks and limitations. Compared with other mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources, gingiva‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are abundant and easy to obtain through minimally invasive cell isolation techniques. In this study, MSCs derived from gingiva and bone marrow were isolated and cultured from mice. GMSCs were characterized by osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and flow cytometry. Compared with bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), the proliferation capacity was judged by CCK‐8 proliferation assay. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by ALP staining, ALP assay and Alizarin red staining. RT‐qPCR was performed for ALP, OCN, OSX and Runx2. The results indicated that GMSCs showed higher proliferative capacity than BMSCs. GMSCs turned more positive for ALP and formed a more number of mineralized nodules than BMSCs after osteogenic induction. RT‐qPCR revealed that the expression of ALP, OCN, OSX and Runx2 was significantly increased in the GMSCs compared with that in BMSCs. Moreover, it was found that the number of CD90‐positive cells in GMSCs elevated more than that of BMSCs during osteogenic induction. Taking these results together, it was indicated that GMSCs might be a promising source in the future bone tissue engineering.
Long‐term rearing affects pheromone‐mediated flight behaviour of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Heydorn Per , Anderbrant Olle , Jonsson Lars J. , Svensson Glenn P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe pest Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is reared in many research laboratories. In a culture established in 1996, attraction of males to the female‐produced sex pheromone in flight tunnel assays gradually decreased after ≈15 years of rearing. A new culture was established to enable comparison with the old culture regarding traits associated with mate finding. Female calling activity, pheromone titre and male antennal response to pheromone components did not differ between cultures. In contrast, very few males from the old culture reached the pheromone source in flight tunnel assays compared with 61%–81% of males from the other culture. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining viable insect cultures for research purposes and suggest frequent evaluation of traits involved in chemical communication in such cultures to ensure reliable results in experiments.
How are the salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1837) in Atlantic salmon farming affected by different control efforts: A case study of an intensive production area with coordinated production cycles and changing delousing practices in 2013–2018
Authors: Jevne Lone Sunniva , Reitan Kjell Inge 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to describe the salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1837) situation in an intensive salmon production area in mid‐Norway and to consider implications of changing practices of how salmon lice infestation can be controlled. The results in this study suggest that there are steps that can be carried out to keep salmon lice under control even during years when the temperature facilitates a quick salmon lice development. The present work indicates that the use of cleaner fish can delay the time it takes adult female lice to reach 0.1 per salmon in the beginning of a production cycle. It suggests that the timing of cleaner fish deployment into salmon cages can influence its effectiveness in controlling salmon lice. It also gives caution to letting salmon lice develop unchecked, even at levels far below the current lice limit, because of the difficulties to control salmon lice when the external infection pressure is too high. This study took place during a rapid change in delousing methods, in an area with coordinated salmon production. Despite its exploratory nature, this study offers insights into the salmon lice fluctuations in relation to efforts aimed at controlling it.
Rural‐Urban Differences in Breast Reconstruction Utilization Following Oncologic Resection
Authors: DeCoster Ryan C. , Bautista Jr Robert‐Marlo F. , Burns Jack C. , Dugan Adam J. , Edmunds R. Wesley , Rinker Brian D. , Webster J. Matthew , Vasconez Henry C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundBreast reconstruction (BR) is the reconstructive surgical technique that focuses on restoring normal form and function to the breast following oncologic resection. The goal of this study was to determine if BR disparities exist among rural female patients in Kentucky.MethodsA retrospective (2006‐2015), population‐based cohort study was conducted on breast cancer patients (stages I‐III) treated with mastectomy with or without BR. We used 2013 Beale codes to stratify patients according to geographic status. Chi‐square tests were used to examine the association of BR along the rural‐urban continuum. A multivariate logistic regression model controlling for patient, disease, and treatment factors was used to predict BR. The likelihood of BR was reported in odds ratios (OR) using a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOverall, 10,032 patients met study criteria. Of those, 2,159 (21.5%) underwent BR. The rate of BR among urban, near‐metro, and rural patients was 31.1%, 20.4%, and 13.4%, respectively (P < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that women from near metro (OR 0.54, CI: 0.47‐0.61; P < .001) and rural areas (OR 0.36, CI: 0.31‐0.41; P < .001) were less likely to undergo BR than women from urban areas.ConclusionAlthough BR benefits are well documented, women from rural Kentucky undergo BR at lower rates and are less likely to receive BR than their urban counterparts. Efforts should seek to promote equitable access to BR for all patients, including those from rural areas.
An Evidence‐Based Model for Disseminating‐Implementing Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management in Department of Veterans Affairs’ Community‐Based Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Cucciare Michael A. , Marchant Kathy , Lindsay Jan , Craske Michelle G. , Ecker Anthony , Day Stephanie , Hogan Julianna , Henn Jeremy , LeBeau Richard T. , Rabalais Aline , Rose Raphael D. , Qualls Mason , Treanor Michael , Abraham Traci H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore the feasibility and utility of using a workshop, and supervision‐consultation plus external facilitation to disseminate and implement cognitive‐behavioral therapy in Veterans Affairs (VA) community‐based outpatient clinics (CBOCs).MethodsThis study occurred in the context of a randomized controlled trial aimed at comparing 2 methods for implementing Coordinated Anxiety Learning Management (CALM) in VA CBOCs. A 3‐phase (workshop, supervision‐consultation, external facilitation) model was used to support 32 VA CBOC mental health providers in learning and adopting CALM in their clinical practice. Qualitative data describe training activities and the feasibility and utility of each training phase in addressing challenges to adopting CALM.FindingsAll 3 phases of the model were feasible to use with our sample of CBOC mental health providers. Providers reported challenges learning CALM during the workshop and concerns about not having enough training post‐workshop to use CALM in practice. Providers primarily utilized supervision‐consultation to tailor CALM to their practice, including learning how to prioritize a target disorder, “switch” the focus of treatment to a different disorder when comorbidities were present, and modify CALM sessions to fit shorter treatment visits. Providers primarily utilized external facilitation to further tailor CALM to their practice through implementation (eg, concrete help) and support‐oriented help. Key lessons for implementing CALM in CBOCs are presented and discussed.ConclusionsFindings provide initial evidence for the feasibility and utility of using each component of a facilitation‐enhanced training model to promote CBOC VA providers’ implementation of a computer and manual version of CALM in their practice.
Regional financial market bloc and spillover of the financial crisis: A heterogeneous agents approach
Authors: Chen Zhenxi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA discrete‐time model is developed for a market bloc consisting of multiple financial markets. Investors face a discrete choice of adopting heterogeneous trading strategies for each destination market. In maximizing utility, the compositions of investors change with market conditions. Market opening within the market bloc has stabilizing and destabilizing effects. The relatively stable market in isolation exerts a stabilizing force on the market bloc, while itself suffers destabilizing effects from the rest of the market bloc. Markets with large investor population have a large influence on the market bloc. Two mechanisms of the spillover effects of the financial crisis within the market bloc are demonstrated.
Concrete crack detection with handwriting script interferences using faster region‐based convolutional neural network
Authors: Deng Jianghua , Lu Ye , Lee Vincent Cheng‐Siong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe current bridge maintenance practice generally involves manual visual inspection, which is highly subjective and unreliable. A technique that can automatically detect defects, for example, surface cracks, is essential so that early warnings can be triggered to prevent disaster due to structural failure. In this study, to permit automatic identification of concrete cracks, an ad‐hoc faster region‐based convolutional neural network (faster R‐CNN) was applied to contaminated real‐world images taken from concrete bridges with complex backgrounds, including handwriting. A dataset of 5,009 cropped images was generated and labeled for two different objects, cracks and handwriting. The proposed network was then trained and tested using the generated image dataset. Four full‐scale images that contained complex disturbance information were used to assess the performance of the trained network. The results of this study demonstrate that faster R‐CNN can automatically locate crack from raw images, even with the presence of handwriting scripts. For comparative study, the proposed network is also compared with You Only Look Once v2 detection technique.
Clinical and subclinical acute kidney injury in multidrug‐resistant septic patients treated with colistimethate sodium: Incidence and clinical outcomes
Authors: Thammathiwat Theerachai , Tiranathanagul Khajohn , Srisawat Nattachai , Susantitaphong Paweena , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Eiam‐Ong Somchai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimColistimethate sodium (CMS) has been postulated as the principal cause of high incidence of clinical acute kidney injury (AKI) in multidrug‐resistance (MDR) septic patients with normal baseline serum creatinine (sCr) who were treated with CMS. This prospective observational study was conducted to examine the incidence and clinical outcomes of clinical and subclinical AKI in MDR septic patients receiving CMS.MethodsForty‐two MDR septic patients with normal sCr who required CMS were included. Clinical AKI was diagnosed by increased sCr levels according to the KDIGO2012 criteria while subclinical AKI was identified by elevated levels of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (uNGAL > 150 ng/mL) or urinary liver‐type fatty‐acid‐binding protein (uL‐FABP > 10.5 ng/mL).ResultsClinical AKI was noted in 47.6% of patients on day 5 and 38.1% on day 7 after initiating CMS. By using uL‐FABP, subclinical AKI was observed in 45.2% and 54.8% on day 5 and 7, respectively. At baseline prior to CMS treatment, subclinical AKI was already present in 90%. The baseline uL‐FABP was superior to the baseline uNGAL in early prediction of clinical AKI on day 5. The subclinical AKI patients had comparable worse outcomes as clinical AKI patients.ConclusionThe incidence of subclinical AKI in MDR septic patients before CMS treatment was extremely high. The baseline uL‐FABP provided the best predictive capacity of clinical AKI. The causes of clinical AKI might include the persistence of sepsis process, subclinical AKI and CMS nephrotoxicity. Proper management of subclinical AKI patients before CMS initiation should be concerned to prevent further renal damage and improve patient and renal outcomes.
Street connectivity, physical activity, and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Peng , Zou Yuxuan , Wu Zhifeng , Zhang Dong , Wu Tong , Smith Melody , Xiao Qian 
Published: September 2019

SummaryStreet connectivity, as a neighbourhood built environmental factor, may affect individual physical activity (PA) and subsequently weight status. However, these associations remain inconclusive. This study aimed to systematically review the association between street connectivity and childhood obesity. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published before January 1, 2019. All original studies that investigated the association between street connectivity and weight‐related behaviours or outcomes among children and adolescents were included. Forty‐seven articles were identified, including eight longitudinal and 41 cross‐sectional studies conducted in eight countries. The sample size ranged from 88 to 46 813. Street intersection density (SID), measured by Geographic Information Systems in 36 studies and reported in 13 studies, was the main indicator used to represent street connectivity. Forty‐four studies examined the association between SID and weight‐related behaviours, including overall PA (n = 15), moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (n = 13), active transport (n = 12), dog walking (n = 1), walking (n = 1), sedentary behaviours (n = 2), and TV viewing (n = 1). Fifteen studies focused on the association between SID and weight‐related outcomes. Overall, evidence from this systematic review and meta‐analyses suggested a positive association between street connectivity and PA. However, it was difficult to draw a conclusion on the association between street connectivity and BMI. More longitudinal evidence is needed to confirm the causal association between street connectivity and weight status.
Belowground inter‐ramet water transport capacity in Populus euphratica, a Central Asian desert phreatophyte
Authors: Hoppe J. , Zhang X. , Thomas F. M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Populus euphratica Oliv. is a widespread phreatophytic tree species that forms riparian forests in (hyper‐)arid regions of Central Asia. Its recruitment strongly relies on vegetative propagation from ‘root suckers’ that emerge from underground root spacers. The water transport through the spacers, although decisive for emerging ramets, has only rarely been quantified, but is crucial for the vegetative regeneration of the forests.

In root spacers with different diameters collected from a mature poplar forest in northwest China, we calculated the hydraulic conductivity (kc) from anatomical investigations on the basis of a modified Hagen‐Poiseuille equation and measured it (km) with a perfusion solution in the laboratory. The km values were compared with the water use by young and mature P. euphratica trees determined in previous studies.

We obtained a significant correlation between km and kc (which, however, was higher by at least one order of magnitude). Due to the extensive occurrence of tyloses, particularly in older conduits and thicker spacers, and because the conduit area did not increase with spacer diameter, neither kc nor km increased with an increase in spacer diameter. The water supply through the spacers would be sufficient to meet the water demand even of mature trees.

Our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed occurrence of P. euphratica clones across large areas and, provided that they are also valid for stands with larger distances to the water table, for the sustained growth and vegetative reproduction of P. euphratica stands growing at larger distances from the groundwater.
From Statehouse to Courthouse: Legislative Professionalism and High Court Auditing Behavior
Authors: Armaly Miles T. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to determine whether the institutional resources available to state legislatures impact the cases that a state's court of last resort chooses to hear. Specifically, does legislative professionalism influence the number of cases the court audits that reference an act of the legislature?MethodI use time‐series cross‐sectional analysis to examine over 10,000 cases for 44 state courts from 1998 to 2009.ResultsI find that courts of last resort in states low in legislative professionalism tend to hear a greater number of cases that reference the legislature than states higher in professionalism, even after controlling for confounders such as ideological disagreement and judicial resources.ConclusionThis suggests that state supreme courts offer themselves a disproportionate influence in public policy in states with low professionalism legislatures relative to those with lawmakers more capable of authoring litigation‐proof legislation.
Flexed radiographic angles for determination of atlantoaxial instability in dogs
Authors: White Dana A. , Renberg Walter C. , Roush James K. , Hallman Mackenzie R. , Mauler Daniela A. , Milliken George A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine a flexed position for radiographic diagnosis of atlantoaxial instability (AAI) and to identify radiographic measurement cutoffs to differentiate affected dogs from neurologically healthy toy breeds.Study designRetrospective case series and prospective case controls.AnimalsThirty‐nine client‐owned toy breed dogs in which AAI had been diagnosed and 20 neurologically healthy client‐owned toy breed dogs.MethodsMedical records from three institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs affected with AAI. Flexed lateral images were reviewed, and measurements were obtained by using anatomic landmarks. Radiography was performed with control dogs to obtain the same measurements.ResultsFlexed lateral radiographs of thirty dogs affected with AAI were found to be positioned at a mean of 51° flexion. When flexed lateral radiographs were evaluated with a cutoff value for atlas to axis angle (AAA) >10°, evaluation of all breeds represented revealed a 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity. When this cutoff was evaluated in Yorkshire terriers, Chihuahuas, and mixes of these breeds, the sensitivity was 92%, and the specificity was 92%. When the control sample was positioned at 51° ± 10°, only two of the dogs were within the AAA cutoff value of >10°. There was no difference between the measurements obtained by using the flexed lateral view (mean = 50.9°) and the exaggerated flexed lateral view (mean = 38.9°) in the control sample.ConclusionThis study established objective measurements for the positioning and diagnosis of AAI on flexed lateral radiographs in toy breed dogs.Clinical significanceAtlantoaxial instability can be objectively diagnosed in sedated or anesthetized toy breed dogs when applying 51° flexion to cervical radiographs.
Comparison of vascular–function and structure–function correlations in glaucomatous eyes with high myopia
Authors: Lee Seung Hyen , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Tae-Woo 
Published: September 2019

Background/aimsTo determine the usefulness of peripapillary retinal vessel density (VD) measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) in the evaluation of glaucomatous visual field damage in highly myopic eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study enrolled a total of 124 myopic POAG eyes consisting of 40 eyes showing a segmentation error (SE) in OCT scans and 84 eyes without an SE. The peripapillary retinal VD, circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and visual field sensitivity loss (VFSL) were assessed using OCTA, spectral-domain OCT and standard automated perimetry, respectively. The topographical correlations between the VD and VFSL, and between the RNFLT and VFSL were determined in subgroups divided according to the presence of an SE.ResultsThe peripapillary retinal VD showed significant topographical correlation with VFSL both in the highly myopic POAG eyes without an SE globally (R=0.527, p<0.001), and in temporal (R=0.593), temporal-superior (R=0.543), nasal-inferior (R=0.422) and temporal-inferior sectors (R=0.600, all p<0.001), and in those with an SE globally (R=0.343, p=0.030), and in temporal (R=0.494, p=0.001), temporal-superior (R=0.598, p<0.001), and temporal-inferior sectors (R=0.424, p=0.006). The correlation with VFSL did not differ between the VD and RNFLT in the eyes without an SEConclusionPeripapillary VD as measured with OCTA showed a topographical correlation with VFSL in highly myopic POAG eyes regardless of the presence of an OCT SE OCTA may be a useful adjunct for evaluating glaucomatous visual field damage in high myopia, where the OCT results are frequently confounding.
Evaluating the implications of Brexit for research collaboration and policy: a network analysis and simulation study
Authors: Garas George , Cingolani Isabella , Patel Vanash M , Panzarasa Pietro , Darzi Ara , Athanasiou Thanos 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of the European Union (EU) as a research collaborator in the UK’s success as a global leader in healthcare research and innovation and quantify the impact that Brexit may have.DesignNetwork and regression analysis of scientific collaboration, followed by simulation models based on alternative scenarios.SettingInternational real-world collaboration network among all countries involved in robotic surgical research and innovation.Participants772 organisations from industry and academia nested within 56 countries and connected through 2397 collaboration links.Main outcome measuresResearch impact measured through citations and innovation value measured through the innovation index.ResultsGlobally, the UK ranks third in robotic surgical innovation, and the EU constitutes its prime collaborator. Brokerage opportunities and collaborators’ geographical diversity are associated with a country’s research impact (c=211.320 and 244.527, respectively; p<0·01) and innovation (c=18.819 and 30.850, respectively; p<0·01). Replacing EU collaborators with US ones is the only strategy that could benefit the UK, but on the condition that US collaborators are chosen among the top-performing ones, which is likely to be very difficult and costly, at least in the short term.ConclusionsThis study suggests what has long been argued, namely that the UK-EU research partnership has been mutually beneficial and that its continuation represents the best possible outcome for both negotiating parties. However, the uncertainties raised by Brexit necessitate looking beyond the EU for potential research partners. In the short term, the UK’s best strategy might be to try and maintain its academic links with the EU. In the longer term, strategic relationships with research powerhouses, including the USA, China and India, are likely to be crucial for the UK to remain a global innovation leader.