bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Networked religion meets digital geographies: Pedagogical principles for exploring new spaces and roles in the seminary classroom
Authors: Oliver Kyle Matthew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article presents a pedagogical approach to training seminarians for faith leadership in the era of what Heidi Campbell has called “networked religion.” It argues that the increasing digital mediation of religious practice, expression, and community represents an opportunity for students to explore and inhabit ministry sites and roles from “within” the seminary classroom. Using education scholars' discussions of new digital geographies, gaming scholars' conception of game space, and reflection on classroom‐tested “quick challenges,” the author presents pedagogical principles for designing authentic new media learning experiences. Such activities bridge teaching spaces and ministry spaces to promote active learning through observation and immersion, simulation and role‐playing.
MtABCG20 is an ABA exporter influencing root morphology and seed germination of Medicago truncatula
Authors: Pawela Aleksandra , Banasiak Joanna , Biała Wanda , Martinoia Enrico , Jasiński Michał 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Abscisic acid (ABA) integrates internal and external signals to coordinate plant development, growth and architecture. It plays a central role in stomatal closure, and prevents germination of freshly produced seeds and germination of non‐dormant seeds under unfavorable circumstances. Here, we describe a Medicago truncatula ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter, MtABCG20, as an ABA exporter present in roots and germinating seeds. In seeds, MtABCG20 was found in the hypocotyl–radicle transition zone of the embryonic axis. Seeds of mtabcg20 plants were more sensitive to ABA upon germination, due to the fact that ABA translocation within mtabcg20 embryos was impaired. Additionally, the mtabcg20 produced fewer lateral roots and formed more nodules compared with wild‐type plants in conditions mimicking drought stress. Heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana provided evidence that MtABCG20 is a plasma membrane protein that is likely to form homodimers. Moreover, export of ABA from Nicotiana tabacum BY2 cells expressing MtABCG20 was faster than in the BY2 without MtABCG20. Our results have implications both in legume crop research and determination of the fundamental molecular processes involved in drought response and germination.
Region‐specific differences and areal interactions underlying transitions in epileptiform activity
Authors: Codadu Neela K. , Parrish R. Ryley , Trevelyan Andrew J. 
Published: January 2019

Key points
Local neocortical and hippocampal territories show different and sterotypical patterns of acutely evolving, epileptiform activity.
Neocortical and entorhinal networks show tonic–clonic‐like events, but the main hippocampal territories do not, unless it is relayed from the other areas.
Transitions in the pattern of locally recorded epileptiform activity can be indicative of a shift in the source of pathological activity, and may spread through both synaptic and non‐synaptic means.
Hippocampal epileptiform activity is promoted by 4‐aminopyridine and inhibited by GABAB receptor agonists, and appears far more sensitive to these drugs than neocortical activity.
These signature features of local epileptiform activity can provide useful insight into the primary source of ictal activity, aiding both experimental and clinical investigation.
AbstractUnderstanding the nature of epileptic state transitions remains a major goal for epilepsy research. Simple in vitro models offer unique experimental opportunities that we exploit to show that such transitions can arise from shifts in the ictal source of the activity. These transitions reflect the fact that cortical territories differ both in the type of epileptiform activity they can sustain and in their susceptibility to drug manipulation. In the zero‐Mg2+ model, the earliest epileptiform activity is restricted to neocortical and entorhinal networks. Hippocampal bursting only starts much later, and triggers a marked transition in neo‐/entorhinal cortical activity. Thereafter, the hippocampal activity acts as a pacemaker, entraining the other territories to their discharge pattern. This entrainment persists following transection of the major axonal pathways between hippocampus and cortex, indicating that it can be mediated through a non‐synaptic route. Neuronal discharges are associated with large rises in extracellular [K+], but we show that these are very localized, and therefore are not the means of entraining distant cortical areas. We conclude instead that the entrainment occurs through weak field effects distant from the pacemaker, but which are highly effective at recruiting other brain territories that are already hyperexcitable. The hippocampal epileptiform activity appears unusually susceptible to drugs that impact on K+ conductances. These findings demonstrate that the local circuitry gives rise to stereotypical epileptic activity patterns, but these are also influenced by both synaptic and non‐synaptic long‐range effects. Our results have important implications for our understanding of epileptic propagation and anti‐epileptic drug action.
Genetics ofsanguinis-Group Streptococci in Health and Disease
Authors: Nobbs Angela , Kreth Jens 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTWith the application of increasingly advanced “omics” technologies to the study of our resident oral microbiota, the presence of a defined, health-associated microbial community has been recognized. Within this community,sanguinis-group streptococci, comprising the closely relatedStreptococcus sanguinisandStreptococcus gordonii, together withStreptococcus parasanguinis, often predominate. Their ubiquitous and abundant nature reflects the evolution of these bacteria as highly effective colonizers of the oral cavity. Through interactions with host tissues and other microbes, and the capacity to readily adapt to prevailing environmental conditions,sanguinis-group streptococci are able to shape accretion of the oral plaque biofilm and promote development of a microbial community that exists in harmony with its host. Nonetheless, upon gaining access to the blood stream, those very same colonization capabilities can confer uponsanguinis-group streptococci the ability to promote systemic disease. This article focuses on the role ofsanguinis-group streptococci as the commensurate commensals, highlighting those aspects of their biology that enable the coordination of health-associated biofilm development. This includes the molecular mechanisms, both synergistic and antagonistic, that underpin adhesion to substrata, intercellular communication, and polymicrobial community formation. As our knowledge of these processes advances, so will the opportunities to exploit this understanding for future development of novel strategies to control oral and extraoral disease.
Algebraic properties of if-then-else and commutative three-valued tests
Authors: Soo Khí-Uí , Stokes Tim 
Published: January 2019

This paper establishes a finite axiomatization of possibly non-halting computer programs and tests, with the if-then-else operation. The model is a two-sorted algebra, with one sort being the programs and the other being the tests. The main operation on programs is composition, and 1 and 0 represent the programs skip and loop (i.e. never halts) respectively. Programs are modeled as partial functions on some state space [Formula: see text], with tests modeled as partial predicates on [Formula: see text]. The operations on the tests are the usual logical connectives ∧, ∨, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In addition, there is the hybrid operation of if-then-else, and the test-valued operation [Formula: see text] on programs which is true when a program halts, and undefined otherwise. The halting operation [Formula: see text] implies that operations of domain [Formula: see text] and domain join ∨ may also be expressed. When tests are assumed to be possibly non-halting, the evaluation strategy of the logical connectives affects the result. Here we model parallel evaluation, as opposed to the common sequential (or short-circuit) evaluation strategy. For example, we view [Formula: see text] as false if either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is false, even if the other does not halt.
Temporal Coherence for Sound Transmission Through Fluctuating Deep Water with Adiabatic Perturbed Modes
Authors: Yu Xiaotao , Peng Linhui , Yu Gaokun 
Published: January 2019

Adiabatic approximation (AP) combined with perturbation theory gives a fast normal-mode solution of temporal coherence for sound field in a two-dimensional deep water with time-varying random internal waves. Internal waves induced mode changes are deduced using the first-order perturbation theory [C. T. Tindle, L. M. O’Driscoll and C. J. Higham, Coupled mode perturbation theory of range dependence, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108(1) (2000) 76–83]. And mode perturbations in amplitude are neglected by the adiabatic method with wavenumber perturbations in phase merely considered. The AP expression of temporal coherence function is theoretically identical to the adiabatic transport equation theory [J. A. Colosi, T. K. Chandrayadula, A. G. Voronovich and V. E. Ostashev, Coupled mode transport theory for sound transmission through an ocean with random sound speed perturbations: Coherence in deep water environments, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134(4) (2013) 3119–3133]. Numerical results of the adiabatic temporal coherence function for several low frequencies and ranges up to 1000[Formula: see text]km are calculated. Then the coherence time scales obtained from the calculations are examined by a one-way coupled theory considering forward scattering [A. G. Voronovich, V. E. Ostashev and J. A. Colosi, Temporal coherence of acoustic signals in a fluctuating ocean, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129(6) (2011) 3590–3597]. Comparisons demonstrate that the range and frequency dependence of coherence time for both methods are quite close. And this shows good agreement with the well-known inverse frequency and inverse square root range laws. In addition, the internal wave energy dependence of coherence time is also studied.
History of subduction erosion and accretion recorded in the Yarlung Suture Zone, southern Tibet
Authors: Metcalf Kathryn , Kapp Paul 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The history of pre-Cretaceous subduction accretion and erosion along the Yarlung Suture Zone remains poorly constrained. We present new geological mapping along
c.
200 km of the suture zone, 4881 detrital zircon U–Pb ages, and sandstone petrography for the subduction complex and Tethyan Himalayan strata. We provide the first documentation of the
c.
158 Ma marine Xiazha Formation, which contains volcanic clasts of intermediate to felsic volcanic rocks and ooids with both calcareous and volcanic cores. Based on our new data and synthesis of published data, we present a model in which the Zedong arc represents the southwards migration of the Gangdese arc onto a forearc ophiolite that was generated proximal to the southern Asian margin during Neotethyan slab rollback at 160–150 Ma. This contrasts with previous suggestions that the Zedong arc, Yarlung ophiolites and subduction complex rocks developed above an intra-oceanic subduction zone thousands of kilometres south of Asia. Although Gangdese arc magmatism began in the Middle Triassic, the only forearc units preserved are 160 Ma until collision between the Xigaze forearc basin and Tethyan Himalaya at
c.
59 Ma. This suggests that almost all pre-Cretaceous forearc assemblages have been removed by subduction erosion at the trench.
The material-weight illusion disappears or inverts in objects made of two materials
Authors: Paulun Vivian C. , Buckingham Gavin , Goodale Melvyn A. , Fleming Roland W. 
Published: January 2019

The material-weight illusion (MWI) occurs when an object that looks heavy (e.g., stone) and one that looks light (e.g., Styrofoam) have the same mass. When such stimuli are lifted, the heavier-looking object feels lighter than the lighter-looking object, presumably because well-learned priors about the density of different materials are violated. We examined whether a similar illusion occurs when a certain weight distribution is expected (such as the metal end of a hammer being heavier), but weight is uniformly distributed. In experiment 1, participants lifted bipartite objects that appeared to be made of two materials (combinations of stone, Styrofoam, and wood) but were manipulated to have a uniform weight distribution. Most participants experienced an inverted MWI (i.e., the heavier-looking side felt heavier), suggesting an integration of incoming sensory information with density priors. However, a replication of the classic MWI was found when the objects appeared to be uniformly made of just one of the materials ( experiment 2). Both illusions seemed to be independent of the forces used when the objects were lifted. When lifting bipartite objects but asked to judge the weight of the whole object, participants experienced no illusion ( experiment 3). In experiment 4, we investigated weight perception in objects with a nonuniform weight distribution and again found evidence for an integration of prior and sensory information. Taken together, our seemingly contradictory results challenge most theories about the MWI. However, Bayesian integration of competing density priors with the likelihood of incoming sensory information may explain the opposing illusions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report a novel weight illusion that contradicts all current explanations of the material-weight illusion: When lifting an object composed of two materials, the heavier-looking side feels heavier, even when the true weight distribution is uniform. The opposite (classic) illusion is found when the same materials are lifted in two separate objects. Identifying the common mechanism underlying both illusions will have implications for perception more generally. A potential candidate is Bayesian inference with competing priors.
Altered baroreflex sensitivity in young women with a family history of hypertension
Authors: Matthews Evan L. , Sebzda Kelly N. , Wenner Megan M. 
Published: January 2019

A positive family history of hypertension (+FH) is a risk factor for the future development of hypertension. Hypertension is associated with reductions in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Therefore, we hypothesized that young women with a +FH [ n = 12, 22 ± 1 yr, body mass index (BMI) 21 ± 1 kg/m2, mean arterial pressure (MAP) 79 ± 1 mmHg] would have lower BRS compared with young women without a family history of hypertension (−FH) ( n = 13, 22 ± 1 yr, BMI 21 ± 1 kg/m2, MAP 77 ± 2 mmHg, all P > 0.05 between groups). Continuous measurements of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram derived R-R interval were recorded at rest and during a Valsalva maneuver. Both cardiovagal BRS and vascular sympathetic BRS were assessed. Resting cardiovagal BRS was reduced in the +FH women (all sequences: −FH 32.3 ± 3.7 vs. +FH 20.2 ± 2.9 ms/mmHg, P = 0.02). Cardiovagal BRS during phase IV (−FH 16.5 ± 2.7 vs. +FH 7.6 ± 1.3 ms/mmHg, P < 0.01) but not phase II (−FH 5.5 ± 0.9 vs. +FH 5.0 ± 0.8 ms/mmHg, P = 0.67) of the Valsalva maneuver was also lower in the +FH women. Vascular sympathetic BRS at rest (−FH −2.38 ± 0.7 vs. +FH −2.33 ± 0.3 bursts· min−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.58) and during the Valsalva (−FH −0.74 ± 0.23 vs. +FH −0.66 ± 0.18 bursts·15 s−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.79) were not different between groups. These data suggest that healthy young women with a positive family history of hypertension have reduced cardiovagal BRS. This may be one mechanism contributing to the increased incidence of hypertension in this population later in life. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Having a family history of hypertension increases the risk of developing future hypertension. Reductions in baroreflex function have been demonstrated in hypertension and are an important marker for future cardiovascular disease. We show that young women with a family history of hypertension have lower cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity. This alteration in autonomic function may be one mechanism contributing to the future incidence of hypertension in this patient population.
A Diagnostic Analytics of Harmonic Source Signature Recognition by Using Periodogram
Authors: Jopri M. H. , Abdullah A. R. , Sutikno T. , Manap M. , Ab Ghani M. R. , Hussin A. S. 
Published: January 2019

<span lang="EN-GB">This paper presents a diagnostic analytics of harmonic source signature recognition of rectifier and inverter-based load in the distribution system with single-point measurement at the point of common coupling by utilizing Periodogram. Signature recognition pattern is used to distinguish the harmonic sources accurately by obtaining the distribution of harmonic and interharmonic components and the harmonic contribution changes. This is achieved by using the significant signature recognition of harmonic producing load obtained from analysing the harmonic contribution changes. </span><span>Based on voltage and current signature analysis, the distribution of harmonic components can be divided into three zones. To distinguish between the harmonic producing loads, the harmonic components are observed at these zones to get the signature recognition pattern.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> The result demonstrate that periodogram technique accurately diagnose and distinguish the type of harmonic sources in the distribution system.</span>
Performance Analysis of H-bridge and T-Bridge Multilevel Inverters for Harmonics Reduction
Authors: Usha S. , Subramani C. , Geetha A. 
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with the design of cascaded 11 level H- bridge inverter. It includes a comparison between the 11 level H-bridge and T-bridge multilevel inverter. The cascaded inverter of higher level is a very effective and practical solution for reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD).These cascaded multilevel inverter can be used for higher voltage applications with more stability. As the level is increased the output waveform becomes more sinusoidal in nature. The inverter is designed using multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique for generating triggering pulses for the semiconductor switches used in the device. Through this paper it will be proved that a cascaded multilevel H-bridge topology has higher efficiency than a T-bridge inverter, as whichever source input voltage is provided since input is equal to the output voltage. In T-bridge inverter, the output obtained is half of the applied input, so efficiency is just half as compared to H-bridge. The output waveform is distorted and has higher THD. The simulation is performed using MATLAB /Simulink 2013 software.
Anatomic Considerations for a Posterior Endoscopic Approach to the Cricoarytenoid Joint
Authors: Lerner Michael Z. , Downie Sherry A. , Tan-Geller Melin 
Published: January 2019

Objective: This anatomic study considers the feasibility of a posterior endoscopic approach to the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) by describing relationships between readily identifiable anatomic landmarks and the posterior CAJ space in cadaver larynges. Study Design: Anatomic study. Methods: Six adult cadaver larynges (2 male, 4 female) were studied. Digital calipers were used for measurements, and Image J software was used for angle calculations. All cricoarytenoid joints were injected with colored gel via a posterior approach using a 27-gauge needle. Results: The average age of the larynges studied was 78.7 ± 10 years. The average posterior CAJ space (pCAJs) length measured 4.95 ± 0.9 mm. The average distance from the superior aspect of the midline cricoid lamina (MCL) to the center of pCAJs and the corniculate cartilage (CC) to the center of the pCAJs were 8.35 ± 1.5 mm and 14.54 ± 1.9 mm, respectively. The average pCAJs angle of declination (AD) from the horizontal plane was 54° ± 6.2°. All 12 cricoarytenoid joints were successfully injected with colored gel via a posterior approach. Conclusions: The posterior CAJ space can be located surgically using readily identifiable anatomic landmarks. An understanding of this posterior CAJ anatomy may allow for more consistent intra-articular injection and support the development of other CAJ procedures for a range of disorders of vocal fold motion or malposition.
Exercise interventions on patients with end-stage renal disease: a systematic review
Authors: Zhao Qiu-Ge , Zhang Hong-Rui , Wen Xin , Wang Yu , Chen Xue-Mei , Chen Niu , Sun Ying , Liu Han , Lu Ping-Jing 
Published: January 2019

Objective: This study aimed to conduct an up-to-date systematic review of the literature to evaluate the effects of exercise on fatigue, anxiety, depression, physical activity, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with end-stage renal disease. Data sources: We searched PubMed (October 2018), Embase (from 1966 to October 2018), Web of Science (from 1900 to October 2018), The Cochrane Library (October 2018), and references of papers. Methods: This study includes randomized controlled trials that analyzed the combined effects of exercise intervention on patients with end-stage renal disease. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved records, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias for inclusion in the study. The effects of exercise intervention were conducted in the meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 614 participants were included in 13 randomized controlled studies. The study revealed that exercise can improve fatigue, anxiety, depression, physical activity, and QOL. The effect value results were as follows: (1) fatigue, −0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) −1.32 to −0.62, P < 0.00001); (2) anxiety, −0.78 (95% CI −1.17 to −0.39, P < 0.0001); (3) depression, −0.85 (95% CI −1.13 to −0.56, P < 0.00001) (4) physical activity, 38.15 (95% CI 21.20 to 55.10, P < 0.0001); (5) QOL, the physical component of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), 4.73 (95% CI 1.92 to 7.54, P = 0.0010); and (6) the mental component of the SF-36, 3.42 (95% CI 0.27 to 6.56, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Exercise intervention is more effective in fatigue, anxiety, depression, physical activity, and QOL. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the appropriate types of exercise and optimal time for patients with end-stage renal disease.
Mortality from Peripartum Meningitis
Authors: Choy J. C. 
Published: January 2019

A young primigravid parturient had an uneventful labour under epidural analgesia and delivered a healthy male infant. She returned 48 hours later with fever, vomiting and severe headache, but was misdiagnosed as having endometritis. Further signs of meningitis appeared six hours later, however she succumbed to the infection and died four weeks later despite intensive care and high-dose antibiotic management. Causes of meningitis in the peripartum period are discussed. The possibility of a causal association between the patient's epidural analgesia and her infection are considered and preventive measures discussed.