bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation on fuel consumption reduction of an urban concept car for energy-efficient competition
Authors: Siregar M R , Kawai H , Ambarita H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work, a numerical simulation to estimate fuel consumption reduction of an urban concept car has been carried out. The urban concept car, named as Horas Mesin USU, has been designed for energy efficient competition. A set of governing equations upon the computational domain is developed and solved using CFD FLUENT commercial code. The turbulent flow is closed using k-epsilon turbulence model. In the results, pathline, velocity vector and pressure distribution are plotted. By using the pressure distributions, drag and lift coefficients are calculated. In order to make a comparison, the aerodynamic characteristics of the present design is compared with commercial city car Ford-Fiesta. In addition, several modifications are proposed to the original design. The CFD results are employed to estimate fuel consumption of all models. In the results an equation to estimate fuel consumption has been proposed. It was shown that by employing the modifications, 28.8% averaged fuel consumption reduction can be resulted.
A study on the effect of baffle spacing to the performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger
Authors: Zebua M. A. , Ambarita H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Baffle is commonly used to improve the performance of the shell and tube heat exchangers. In this work, effect of the baffle spacing to the performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger has been examined experimentally and numerically. The length and diameter of the shell of the heat exchanger is 700 mm and 156 mm, respectively. The number of the tube is 8. The inner and outer diameter of the tube is 11.6 mm and 13 mm, respectively. In this study baffle spacing is varied from 40 mm, 50 mm and 60 mm. By using the numerical and experimental data, the heat transfer coefficient and temperature effectiveness have been examined. The temperature distribution, path line and vector velocity are plotted and discussed. The results show that the temperature effectiveness decreases as baffle spacing increases. Temperature effectiveness decreases with increasing baffle spacing. In addition, temperature of the inlet does not affect the heat transfer coefficient. It affects the temperature effectiveness.
North Sumatera tourism spots searching system based on semantic web
Authors: Amalia A , Herriyance  , Angriani R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
North Sumatera Province in Indonesia has many amazing tourism spots to visit. Unfortunately, information about these places is not organized well yet. Not all of these tourism spots have official websites and that made information with specific parameters according to user needs cannot be fulfilled if only depend on a search engine on the internet. The limitation of ordinary search engines cannot generate complex queries that involving relevant background knowledge of these places such as tourist locations, facilities offered, culinary and so on. Therefore in this paper, we offer North Sumatera Tourist sports searching system based on the semantic web. We utilized ontology as a source of knowledge that describes tourism in the province of North Sumatera. We observed and scrapped information about tourism spots in North Sumatera from trusted traveling websites. The next stage is the design of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and ontology to describe relations between parameters. The result of this study produces a system that can help and understand the desires of tourists to get information about tourism objects in North Sumatera. Test results with various relevant semantic keywords parameter show the success of this system is 85%.
Automatic Risk Detection System for Farmer’s Health Monitoring Based on Behavior of Pesticide Use
Authors: Silvi Lydia Maya , Aulia Indra , Lestari Mahyuni Eka , Hizriadi Ainul 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Indonesian farmers usually use the agrochemical technology (i.e. pesticide) to prevent or control not only pests but also weeds. Unfortunately, this technique is often applied without adhering to the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) standards, so that the risks to the pesticide exposure cannot be avoided. Nowadays, the stakeholder has the difficulties for detecting the risks. The current detection system is still performed manually by involving the related experts to assess the farmers’ behavior of pesticide use. This process often spends more times, so that it is impacted on late awareness of the pesticide exposure risk. Due to this, this paper proposed the automatic early detection (ArDeFarm) system with applying Certainty Factor method. This system uses the certainty values acquired from the related experts in order to generate the percentage of the pesticide exposure risk based on the farmers’ behavior in the pesticide mixing, loading and application. It is tested by using farmers’ behavior data collected from 100 orange farmers in Karo District. Based on the experiment, it is able to identify the pesticide exposure risk faced on farmers in the form of the risk percentage automatically, without relying on the experts. Besides, the result shows that it has been appropriate to the expert assessment.
The Excellent Center: Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Nasution Mahyuddin K M , Azman Mohd Noah Shahrul , Salim Sitompul Opim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To overcome the slow development of knowledge due to the weakness of knowledge management, innovation about organization is done by establishing a center of excellence related to the importance of that knowledge developed. However, without objective derivation and target establishment, such an organization will not achieve its excellence. This paper aims to describe the center of excellence in science, with the example of a review about Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology and with showing a number of measurements that can be done from it.
Monitoring System of Rice Plant Growth Using Microcontroller Sensor
Authors: Lubis H , Rahmat R F , Karansa J , Purnamawati S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Rice is one of the species belonging to the genus Oryza L, which covers approximately 25 species and is spread in the tropics and subtropical regions. Rice is a type of plant that requires care to grow. Each type of plant needs different characteristics of the growing media. The surrounding environment has an effect on the growth of rice plants for the quality of crop harvest to give maximum results. Rice productivity is largely determined by soil conditions, water level, humidity, and light intensity of the rice plant itself. Therefore rice plants must grow and develop in the hot climate with a lot of water vapor which includes rainfall, temperature, and sunlight. This rice monitoring system uses the sensors of soil moisture, air humidity, light intensity, water level, modems, Arduino Nano and Raspberry Pi. The test results were carried out only two days in 2 weeks which monitored the rice plants, especially Mekongga rice varieties by paying attention to the soil moisture, air humidity, light intensity, and water level.
Red onion growth monitoring system in hydroponics environment
Authors: Rahmat R F , Adnan S , Anugrahwaty R , Alami E P S , Siregar B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Red onion plants using hydroponic method is a method performed by cultivating plants using water, nutrients, and oxygen with no soil required. Hydroponics method is an alternative solution to grow onions in limited soil. The changes in air temperature, bright light, plant temperature and humidity greatly affect hydroponic growth. Red onion plants using hydroponic planting medium is a method performed by cultivating plants using water, nutrients, and oxygen with no soil required. Hydroponics method is an alternative solution to grow onions in the limited land. The changes in air temperature, bright light, plant temperature and humidity greatly affect hydroponic growth. The difficulty of knowing the environmental conditions of hydroponic planting media, often makes the hydroponic farmers fail in the middle of the process of plant growth. This monitoring system uses water temperature sensor, air temperature sensor, Light Sensor, GSM SIM800L, LM2596Relay module and Arduino Uno as a microcontroller. The result of tests conducted for eight weeks on the onion environment monitoring by taking into account the water temperature, humidity, air temperature, and light intensity. The leaves amount and height acquired from the test is 12 leaves with 29 cm of height.
Mathematical analysis on SEIR-type model of the Tuberculosis disease spread with vaccination and treatment elements
Authors: Ramli Marwan , Chaira Zulfa Syarifah , Ayuningtia Chaniago Natasya , Halfiani Vera 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most contagious diseases that cause many deaths. TB disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that commonly affect the lungs and other organs such as lymph nodes, intestines, kidneys, womb, bones and brain. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that in 2015 there are 60% of TB cases found in developing countries including India, Indonesia, China, Nigeria, Pakistan and South Africa. By 2015 the TB death rate is 1.4 million. One way to reduce the spread of TB disease is vaccination and treatment. The treatment given is in the form of several types of drugs that should be taken by infected individuals within a certain period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to do a scientifically acceptable analysis of the spread of TB disease. Mathematical model for analyzing the spread of TB disease have been widely developed. One is SEIR type. In this model the population is divided into four groups, namely S for susceptible individuals, E for exposed individuals, I for infected individuals, R for recovered individuals. This article discusses the model of SEIR type TB disease with vaccination and treatment.
A Usage of Probabilistic Methods in Decision Making for Wholesalers’ Problem
Authors: Suyanto  , Darnius Open , Sinulingga Ujian , Napitupulu Normalina , Manurung Asima 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Decision making is an activity which is made in almost all economic and business activities. Specifically in trade, decision making on the supply of goods is made to maximize profit or minimize loss which becomes the problems which need to be studied. A fresh fruit trading system in supermarkets is simplified in a scenario which is aimed to determine the number of fresh fruit stocks each day. By random variable, an opportunity theoretical concept is used to approach the problem of how the amount of fresh fruit sold each day as the market demand in a trade system. Opportunity method and expectation concept were used to cope with the problems with the purpose of minimizing losses.
Historical demography of Coereba flaveola on Puerto Rico
Authors: Humphries Meghann B , Barbosa De Oliveira Pil Maria W , Latta Steven C , Marra Peter P , Ricklefs Robert E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe use contemporary genetic diversity to characterize the within-island population structure and historical demography of Bananaquits (Aves: Thraupidae: Coerebinae: Coereba flaveola) on the West Indian island of Puerto Rico (Greater Antilles). We relate periods of population expansion, from Puerto Rico across the Lesser Antilles, to the genetic architecture of the source population, and describe differentiation of populations within Puerto Rico. Lastly, we report comparable analyses of populations of Bananaquits on Jamaica and of a related species, the Black-faced Grassquit (Coerebinae: Tiaris bicolor), on Puerto Rico. We found differentiation among contemporary populations of Bananaquits within Puerto Rico and signatures of renewed demographic expansion in eastern Puerto Rico beginning ~100 kyr ago and, in the western portion of the island, ~40 kyr ago. Populations of T. bicolor on Puerto Rico exhibit similar structure to Bananaquits, while Bananaquits on Jamaica exhibit no differentiation among locations. Both T. bicolor and Jamaican C. flaveola provide mixed evidence of demographic expansion.
Phenotypic clines across an unstudied hybrid zone in Woodhouse’s Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii)
Authors: DeRaad Devon A , Maley James M , Tsai Whitney L E , McCormack John E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWoodhouse’s Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii) comprises 7 subspecies, ranging from the Rocky Mountains to southern Mexico. We quantified the phenotype of specimens throughout Mexico and found support for significant phenotypic differences between “Sumichrast’s group” in southern Mexico (A. w. sumichrasti and A. w. remota) and the 2 subspecies in northern Mexico, or “Woodhouse’s group” (A. w. grisea and A. w. cyanotis). Despite significant differentiation in body size and mantle color, we found no clear geographic boundary between the groups, suggesting either a geographic cline or hybridization upon secondary contact. We tested for selection against hybridization by fitting models to geographic clines for both body size and back color, and found support for a stable contact zone centered near Mexico City, with selection against intermediate back color. Based on these results, we infer that Sumichrast’s and Woodhouse’s groups diverged during a period of geographic and genetic isolation. The phenotypic introgression between Sumichrast’s and Woodhouse’s groups near Mexico City likely represents a case of recent secondary contact, with selection against hybridization maintaining a geographically stable contact zone.
Begging calls provide social cues for prospecting conspecifics in the wild Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Brandl Hanja B , Griffith Simon C , Laaksonen Toni , Schuett Wiebke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSocial information can spread fast and help animals adapt in fluctuating environments. Prospecting on the breeding sites of others, a widespread behavior, can help to maximize reproduction by, for instance, settling in the same area as other successful breeders. Previous studies have shown that successful broods have the highest number of prospectors and that they are visited most when offspring in nesting sites are already old, making the information more reliable. In this field study, we experimentally tested how prospectors are attracted to successful nest sites. We presented wild Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with different visual or acoustic cues in nest boxes, simulating the presence of small or large clutches or broods. More Zebra Finches visited experimental nests that were associated with playback recordings of begging calls of large broods (7 chicks) as opposed to begging calls of small broods (3 chicks) and controls (white noise and silence). On the other hand, visual cues (nests with different numbers of eggs or rocks), representing nests at early stages, did not influence either the probability of visits, nor number or duration of visits. We present the first evidence that begging calls of chicks in the nest, a signal intended for kin communication, can also provide social information to unrelated prospecting conspecifics. This information could potentially be used for a fast initial assessment of the quality of a breeding site.
Spatial variation in carotenoid plumage coloration and relationships between female coloration and quality in Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea)
Authors: Slevin Morgan C , Bulluck Lesley P , Matthews Alix E , Boves Than J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany birds use conspicuous plumage coloration to signal quality for sexual or social selection. However, it is still often unclear how intraspecific coloration and associated signaling vary spatially. Plumage coloration that is dependent on carotenoids may be ideal for studying spatial color variation because birds cannot naturally synthesize this pigment; therefore, bird coloration from carotenoids is at least partially contingent upon diet. As food availability often varies spatially, so might color and its signaling strength. While male coloration has received more research focus, less is known about female coloration and its relationships with social rank or sexual quality. To further improve our understanding of spatial variation in plumage coloration and correlations with individual quality, we compared Prothonotary Warblers breeding at 2 ecologically disparate sites separated by 1,300 km: in bottomland forests of Arkansas, USA, and the forests near the tidal freshwater James River in Virginia, USA. We assessed crown and breast plumage coloration for both sexes and compared several color metrics between sites. We then assessed surrogates of female quality (number of young fledged, number of eggs laid, provisioning rate, apparent annual survival, and nest depredation) and compared coloration-quality relationships between sites. We found that coloration of birds breeding in Arkansas was generally more elaborate than those breeding in Virginia. However, this was somewhat dependent on sex: females showed greater differences than males between sites. Additionally, color metrics of females breeding in Virginia showed stronger relationships with quality (all 5 quality metrics) than for birds breeding in Arkansas (only provisioning rate and nest depredation). Proximately, spatial variation in plumage coloration and the associated signaling may be explained by differences in diet between sites. Ultimately, spatial variation in intra- and intersexual selection pressures may explain how spatial variation in plumage signal strength evolved.
Sources of intraspecific variation in the collective tempo and synchrony of ant societies
Authors: Doering Grant Navid , Sheehy Kirsten A , Lichtenstein James L L , Drawert Brian , Petzold Linda R , Pruitt Jonathan N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Populations of independently oscillating agents can sometimes synchronize. In the context of animal societies, conspicuous synchronization of activity is known in some social insects. However, the causes of variation in synchrony within and between species have received little attention. We repeatedly assessed the short-term activity cycle of ant colonies (Temnothorax rugatulus) and monitored the movements of individual workers and queens within nests. We detected persistent differences between colonies in the waveform properties of their collective activity oscillations, with some colonies consistently oscillating much more erratically than others. We further demonstrate that colony crowding reduces the rhythmicity (i.e., the consistent timing) of oscillations. Workers in both erratic and rhythmic colonies spend less time active than completely isolated workers, but workers in erratic colonies oscillate out of phase with one another. We further show that the queen’s absence can impair the ability of colonies to synchronize worker activity and that behavioral differences between queens are linked with the waveform properties of their societies.
Seasonal variation in mortality rates for Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus) using the Western Atlantic Flyway
Authors: Watts Bryan D , Smith Fletcher M , Hamilton Diana J , Keyes Tim , Paquet Julie , Pirie-Dominix Lisa , Rausch Jennie , Truitt Barry , Winn Brad , Woodard Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor most shorebird species, our understanding of the basic limiting factors and when or where they operate during the annual cycle is currently inadequate to either understand ongoing declines or effectively allocate conservation resources for recovery. Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus) exhibit delayed recruitment and have low fecundity, and populations with such life-history traits are often vulnerable to increases in adult mortality. We tracked 33 adult Whimbrels with satellite transmitters for 12,802 bird-days to investigate patterns in survival and recorded 16 probable and 5 confirmed mortalities. We used Cox’s proportional hazards model to estimate daily hazard rates by season and a Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator to estimate monthly survival. Daily hazard rates varied by season and were 5 times higher during migratory periods (fall and spring migration) compared to stationary periods (winter and breeding). Estimated annualized survivorship was 0.54 ± 0.21 (SE) and on the lower end of the range of 0.8–0.9 believed to be required to maintain a stable population. More than half of the mortality recorded during the study occurred during the fall hunting season and within the last remaining area throughout the Western Hemisphere where significant legal and illegal hunting occurs. One-third of mortality occurred during spring migration either within terminal staging sites or as birds made final movements to breeding grounds. Survival during the migratory periods may have been influenced by the use of transmitters.
Evidence of Newell’s Shearwaters and Hawaiian Petrels on Oahu, Hawaii
Authors: Young Lindsay C , VanderWerf Eric A , McKown Matthew , Roberts Paige , Schlueter Jeff , Vorsino Adam , Sischo David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hawaii’s only 2 endemic seabirds, Newell’s Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis newelli) and Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis), are listed under the United States Endangered Species Act. Threats to both species include light attraction and fallout, collisions with power lines and other structures, predation by invasive animals, and habitat degradation. Both species were assumed to be extirpated from the island of Oahu despite limited survey effort. We used survey data from Kauai (both species) and Maui (Hawaiian Petrel only) to model suitable habitat and light conditions. We then projected this model onto Oahu to identify potential survey sites. From April to September of 2016–2017, we deployed automated acoustic recording units at 13 potentially suitable sites across Oahu. We detected Newell’s Shearwaters at 2 sites; one on the leeward slopes of Mount Kaala in the Waianae Mountains and another at Poamoho in the Koolau Mountains. We detected Hawaiian Petrels at one location on the windward slope of Mount Kaala. All 3 sites were in nearly intact native forest with steep slopes. The frequency of detections at these sites suggests that both species are regularly prospecting on Oahu and potentially could be breeding there. If they are breeding, these individuals could represent missing links in the population connectivity of both species among islands. Protecting any remnant breeding populations would be of high conservation value given their recent population declines.
Thinning alters avian occupancy in piñon–juniper woodlands
Authors: Magee Patrick A , Coop Jonathan D , Ivan Jacob S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Natural resource managers are increasingly applying tree reduction treatments to piñon–juniper woodlands to meet a range of ecological, social, and economic goals. However, treatment effects on woodland-obligate bird species are not well understood. We measured multiscale avian occupancy on 29 paired (control/treatment) sites in piñon–juniper woodlands in central Colorado, USA. We conducted point counts at 232 stations, 3 times each season in 2014 and 2015. We used hierarchical multiscale modeling to obtain unbiased estimates of landscape and local occupancy (i.e. probability of use) in treated and untreated sites for 31 species. Treatments reduced the occupancy of conifer obligates, including Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli), Clark’s Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), and White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), and increased occupancy of Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) and Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides). Occupancy of Virginia’s Warbler (Oreothylpis virginiae) and Gray Flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii), two piñon–juniper specialists, decreased at the landscape scale in treated sites, and Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) occupancy decreased at the local scale. Tree reduction treatments in piñon–juniper woodlands have the potential to reduce habitat quality for a suite of bird species of conservation concern. We suggest that treatments designed to retain higher tree density and basal area will benefit conifer-obligate and piñon–juniper specialist bird species.