bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence, risk factors, and survival of acute myeloid leukemia secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome: A population‐based study
Authors: Ye Xingnong , Chen Dan , Zheng Yan , Wu Cai , Zhu Xiaoqiong , Huang Jian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo determine the incidence, risk factors, and relative survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Retrospective analysis of all patients with new MDS onset in the SEER‐18 database from 2001 to 2013. We identified 36 558 patients with primary MDS. The rate of secondary AML (sAML) was 3.7% among patients 40 years or younger and 2.5% among those older than 40 (P = .039). The median transformation interval was significantly shorter for the younger group (4.04 vs 13.1 mo; P < .001). For both age groups, median overall and cancer‐specific survival were significantly longer for patients who did not develop sAML. Although the younger patients survived longer than the older patients, sAML development had a more negative effect on the survival of younger patients. Female sex, age, and World Health Organization (WHO) type MDS with single lineage dysplasia (MDS‐SLD) were associated with a decreased risk of sAML for older but not younger patients. Among older patients with MDS, a married status, Black race, female sex, shorter time to sAML, and WHO type MDS‐SLD or MDS with ringed sideroblasts were favorable prognostic factors for survival. In the SEER database, the rate of sAML among patients with MDS is lower than that in previous reports, but these patients still have worse survival. Risk assessment should include clinical and demographic factors.
Investigating snowpack across scale in the northern Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest region of Central Ontario, Canada
Authors: Beaton Andy D. , Metcalfe Robert A. , Buttle James M. , Franklin Steven E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates scaling issues by evaluating snow processes and quantifying bias in snowpack properties across scale in a northern Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest. Snow depth and density were measured along transects stratified by land cover over the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 winters. Daily snow depth was measured using a time‐lapse (TL) camera at each transect. Semivariogram analysis of the transect data was conducted, and no autocorrelation was found, indicating little spatial structure along the transects. Pairwise differences in snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) between land covers were calculated and compared across scales. Differences in snowpack between forested sites at the TL points corresponded to differences in canopy cover, but this relationship was not evident at the transect scale, indicating a difference in observed process across scale. TL and transect estimates had substantial bias, but consistency in error was observed, which indicates that scaling coefficients may be derived to improve point scale estimates. TL and transect measurements were upscaled to estimate grid scale means. Upscaled estimates were compared and found to be consistent, indicating that appropriately stratified point scale measurements can be used to approximate a grid scale mean when transect data are not available. These findings are important in remote regions such as the study area, where frequent transect data may be difficult to obtain. TL, transect, and upscaled means were compared with modelled depth and SWE. Model comparisons with TL and transect data indicated that bias was dependent on land cover, measurement scale, and seasonality. Modelled means compared well with upscaled estimates, but model SWE was underestimated during spring melt. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the spatial representativeness of in situ measurements and the processes those measurements represent when validating gridded snow products or assimilating data into models.
Integration of Chlorpyrifos Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, Water Temperature, and Dissolved Oxygen Concentration into a Regional Scale Multiple Stressor Risk Assessment Estimating Risk to Chinook Salmon
Authors: Landis Wayne G , Chu Valerie R , Graham Scarlett E , Harris Meagan J , Markiewicz April J , Mitchell Chelsea J , von Stackelberg Katherine E , Stark John D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We estimated the risk to populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) due to chlorpyrifos (CH), water temperature (WT), and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in 4 watersheds in Washington State, USA. The watersheds included the Nooksack and Skagit Rivers in the Northern Puget Sound, the Cedar River in the Seattle–Tacoma corridor, and the Yakima River, a tributary of the Columbia River. The Bayesian network relative risk model (BN-RRM) was used to conduct this ecological risk assessment and was modified to contain an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition pathway parameterized using data from CH toxicity data sets. The completed BN-RRM estimated risk at a population scale to Chinook salmon employing classical matrix modeling runs up to 50-y timeframes. There were 3 primary conclusions drawn from the model-building process and the risk calculations. First, the incorporation of an AChE inhibition pathway and the output from a population model can be combined with environmental factors in a quantitative fashion. Second, the probability of not meeting the management goal of no loss to the population ranges from 65% to 85%. Environmental conditions contributed to a larger proportion of the risk compared to CH. Third, the sensitivity analysis describing the influence of the variables on the predicted risk varied depending on seasonal conditions. In the summer, WT and DO were more influential than CH. In the winter, when the seasonal conditions are more benign, CH was the driver. Fourth, in order to reach the management goal, we calculated the conditions that would increase juvenile survival, adult survival, and a reduction in toxicological effects. The same process in this example should be applicable to the inclusion of multiple pesticides and to more descriptive population models such as those describing metapopulations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–15. © 2019 SETAC
Amphibian monitoring in hardwood forests: Optimizing methods for contaminant-based compensatory restorations
Authors: Kunz Bethany K. , Waddle J. Hardin , Green Nicholas S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Amphibians such as frogs, toads, and salamanders provide important services in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and have been proposed as useful indicators of progress and success for ecological restoration projects. Limited guidance is available, however, on the costs and benefits of different amphibian monitoring techniques that might be applied to sites restored in compensation for contaminant injury. We used a variety of methods to document the amphibian communities present at 4 restored bottomland hardwood sites in Indiana, USA, and to compare the information return and cost of each method. For 1 method—automated recording units—we also modeled the effect of varying levels of sampling effort on the number of species detected, using sample-based rarefaction and Bayesian nonlinear (Michaelis–Menten) mixed effects models. We detected 13 amphibian species across the restored sites, including 2 species of conservation concern in Indiana—northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) and Blanchard's cricket frogs (Acris blanchardi). Sites across a range of restoration ages demonstrated encouraging returns of amphibian communities. Although more mature sites showed greater species richness, recently restored sites still provided important habitat for amphibians, including species of conservation concern. Among the 4 methods compared, amphibian rapid assessment yielded the highest number of species detected and the greatest catch per unit effort, with the lowest per-site cost. Our analysis of level-of-effort effects in the rarefied acoustic data found that number of nights sampled was a better predictor of observed species richness than the number of hours sampled within a night or minutes sampled within an hour. These data will assist restoration practitioners in selecting amphibian monitoring methods appropriate for their site characteristics and budget. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1939–1953. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
Key Points
Incorporating amphibians into restoration monitoring can improve accounting of ecosystem service returns on sites restored in compensation for contaminant injury.
Amphibian rapid assessments detected the greatest number of species at the lowest per-site cost.
Sample-based rarefaction of acoustic data from automated recording units indicated that increasing the number of nights sampled was the most efficient way to increase observed species richness.
Bioactive glass and high‐intensity lasers as a promising treatment for dentin hypersensitivity: An in vitro study
Authors: Lee Ester M. R. , Borges Roger , Marchi Juliana , de Paula Eduardo Carlos , Marques Márcia M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis in vitro study aimed to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the hypersensitive human dentin‐like surface after application of a bioactive glass (BG) paste (BG/Ac) irradiated or not with high‐power lasers. Dentin specimens were treated with 17% Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution to mimic a hypersensitive dentin and then submitted to neodymium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser or CO2 laser irradiation prior and after application of BG/Ac. Characterizations were performed by using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The results suggested that application of BG/Ac by itself caused some obstructions of dentinal tubules. Nd:YAG laser irradiation reduced the opening of the dentinal tubules with no changes in the collagen structure. CO2 laser irradiation caused dentin melting and resolidification along with cracks and chemical changes in collagen fibers. However, when BG/Ac paste was irradiated with lasers, a sequence of surface reactions between glass and dentin interface led to the formation of an amorphous hydroxyapatite layer, similar to that of an inorganic component of the normal dentin. Moreover, BG/Ac was able to prevent the formation of cracks and degradation of collagen fibers caused by CO2 irradiation. Overall, this study supports that application of BG/Ac paste irradiated by high‐power laser could represent an effective and long‐lasting therapeutic approach for dentin hypersensitivity.
Effects of Upadacitinib Coadministration on the Pharmacokinetics of Sensitive Cytochrome P450 Probe Substrates: A Study With the Modified Cooperstown 5+1 Cocktail
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Feng Tian , Enejosa Jeffrey V. , Fisniku Ogert , Othman Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the effects of upadacitinib, a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, on in vivo activity of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes using a cocktail approach. Healthy subjects (n = 20) received single oral doses of the modified Cooperstown 5+1 cocktail drugs (midazolam [CYP3A], caffeine [CYP1A2], warfarin + vitamin K [CYP2C9], omeprazole [CYP2C19], and dextromethorphan [CYP2D6]) without upadacitinib and on day 11 (midazolam) or 12 (all other probes) of a 15‐day regimen of upadacitinib 30 mg once daily (extended‐release formulation). Serial blood samples and 12‐hour urine samples were collected for assays of the probe substrates and select metabolites. The ratio (90%CI) of area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf) central values when the cocktail drugs were administered with upadacitinib relative to when administered alone were 0.74 (0.68‐0.80) for midazolam, 1.22 (1.15‐1.29) for caffeine, 1.11 (1.07‐1.15) for S‐warfarin, 1.07 (0.95‐1.22) for dextromethorphan, and 0.82 (0.72‐0.94) for omeprazole. The ratio (90%CI) was 1.09 (1.00‐1.19) for 5‐hydroxy‐omeprazole to omeprazole AUCinf ratio and 1.17 (0.97‐1.41) for dextromethorphan to dextrorphan 12‐hour molar urinary ratio. Upadacitinib 30 mg once daily (a dose that is twice the optimal dose in rheumatoid arthritis based on phase 3 results) has a limited effect on CYP3A activity (26% decrease in exposure of midazolam, a sensitive CYP3A substrate) and no relevant effects on CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 activity in vivo. No clinically relevant changes in plasma exposures are expected for drugs that are substrates for the evaluated CYP enzymes when coadministered with upadacitinib.
Evaluation of the Effect of 5 QT‐Positive Drugs on the JTpeak Interval — An Analysis of ECGs From the IQ‐CSRC Study
Authors: Darpo Borje , Benson Charles , Brown Randy , Dota Corina , Ferber Georg , Ferry Jim , Jarugula Venkat , Keirns James , Ortemann‐Renon Catherine , Pham Thuan , Riley Steve , Sarapa Nenad , Ticktin Mark , Zareba Wojciech , Couderc Jean‐Philippe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe JTpeak interval has been proposed as a new biomarker to demonstrate mixed ion channel effects, potentially leading to reduced late‐stage electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring for mildly QT‐prolonging drugs. ECG waveforms from the IQ‐CSRC study were used. Twenty healthy subjects were enrolled with 6 subjects on placebo and 9 subjects on each of 5 mildly QT‐prolonging drugs — moxifloxacin, dofetilide, ondansetron, dolasetron, and quinine — and 1 negative drug, levocetirizine. A vector magnitude lead was derived from 12‐lead ECGs, and measurements were made on a median beat from three 10‐second replicates. Data were analyzed using a linear concentration‐response model with QTcF and heart rate corrected JTpeak (JTpeak_c) as dependent variables. For moxifloxacin, dofetilide, and ondansetron, all pure hERG blockers, slopes of the concentration (C)‐QTcF and C‐JTpeak_c relationships were positive and statistically significant. With the prespecified linear model, the predicted effects on ΔΔQTcF and ΔΔJTpeak_c were 11.4 and 9.4 milliseconds for moxifloxacin at the geometric mean Cmax on day 1, 9.0 and 11.7 milliseconds for dofetilide and 11.5, and 7.9 milliseconds for ondansetron, respectively. In contrast, dolasetron and quinine, both with additional ion channel effects, prolonged QTcF with a positive C‐ΔQTcF slope and predicted ΔΔQTcF effect on day 1 of 6.2 and 11.4 milliseconds, whereas the C‐ΔJTpeak_c slope and the predicted ΔΔJTpeak on day 1 were negative (−0.3 and −7.5 milliseconds per ng/mL). Pure hERG‐blocking drugs prolonged both the QTc and the JTpeak_c intervals, whereas drugs with mixed ion channel effects, including peak sodium inhibition, prolonged QTcF but not the JTpeak_c interval.
The clinical profiles of female patients with Fabry disease in Latin America: A Fabry Registry analysis of natural history data from 169 patients based on enzyme replacement therapy status
Authors: Martins Ana M. , Cabrera Gustavo , Molt Fernando , Suárez‐Obando Fernando , Valdés Régulo A. , Varas Carmen , Yang Meng , Politei Juan M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder with heterogeneous clinical expression in female patients ranging from asymptomatic to severe clinical presentations as in classic males. We assessed clinical profiles and compared natural history data of female patients eventually initiated on enzyme replacement therapy (“ERT‐recipients”) with those remaining untreated (“ERT‐naïve”).MethodsWe analyzed Fabry Registry data from 93 ERT‐recipients, collected prior to ERT initiation, and 76 ERT‐naïve females with classic or unclassified phenotypes from four Latin American countries and evaluated Fabry symptoms, interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and severe clinical events.ResultsFor 169 patients with available data, median age of first Fabry symptom manifestation was 12.7 years with peripheral pain as predominant first symptom, and diagnostic delay of 10.3 years from the first reported symptom. Female patients had high symptomatic burden during natural history follow‐up, with 83% reporting peripheral pain, 69%‐79% cold/heat intolerance or abnormal sweating, and 32% gastrointestinal symptoms. ERT‐recipients reported similar age at first symptom as ERT‐naïve patients but they were older at diagnosis (median 39.2 vs 24.4 years, P < .01) and last follow‐up (median 43.4 vs 28.2 years, P < .01). Reported Fabry symptom frequencies and abnormal echocardiography findings were higher in ERT‐recipients. Functional renal assessments were normal and similar.ConclusionsFemale patients from Latin America have notable diagnostic delays and high symptomatic burden. ERT was prescribed late in females with advanced age at diagnosis and advanced disease. There remained many female patients who had been diagnosed at younger age, had substantial Fabry manifestations, but did not receive disease‐specific treatment.
Salivary cytomegalovirus excretion in children in daycare centers and home care facilities in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Torigoe Sadayoshi , Ito Masahiro , Negoro Manami , Suga Shigeru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in developed countries. The incidence of in utero infection is high in pregnant women who are CMV antibody negative. An important infection route is in contact with children who attend daycare centers (DCCs). However, there are few reports on CMV excretion in children at DCCs in Japan. Saliva samples were collected twice during a 6‐month interval from children attending one of two DCCs (DCC1 and DCC2 groups) and from those receiving home care (HC group). The samples were used to quantitatively evaluate CMV using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and to determine glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes. The percentage of subjects who demonstrated CMV excretion in either the first or second sample collection was higher in the DCC groups than in the HC group, with incidences in the DCC1, DCC2, and HC groups of 53.4% (n = 47 of 88), 23.9% (n = 16 of 67), and 12.7% (n = 7 of 55), respectively. Compared with the DCC2 group, the DDC1 group had a higher incidence of CMV excretion and included more subjects with a high number of viral copies. In both DCC groups, the incidence of CMV excretion was highest in children younger than 3 years of age. In all three groups, the predominant genotypes were gB1 and gB3. Based on the higher incidence of CMV excretion in the DCC groups compared with the HC group, it is considered that CMV infection is acquired mainly in DCCs in children under the age of 3.
Association Between Gait Kinetics and Symptomatic Progression in Persons With Patellofemoral With/Without Concurrent Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Liao Tzu‐Chieh , Teng Hsiang‐Ling , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila , Souza Richard B. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTTo identify the biomechanical risk factors associated with symptomatic progression at 1‐year follow‐up in persons with patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis (OA). Patients’ self‐reported Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score questionnaires, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and three‐dimensional gait analysis were obtained in 53 subjects with PFJ OA at baseline and after 1 year. Joint OA was diagnosed on knee MR images if cartilage lesions existed. Progression was defined by worsening of patients’ self‐reported symptoms from baseline to 1 year exceeding the minimal detectable change score. Analysis of covariance was used to compare peak knee flexion moment, knee flexion moment impulse, and vertical ground reaction force loading rate between progressors and non‐progressors. Seven (13.2%) subjects exhibited progression in self‐reported symptoms at 1‐year follow‐up. When comparing to non‐progressors, significantly higher peak knee flexion moment during first half of stance (p = 0.017) and higher moment impulse during the both halves of stance were observed among progressors (p = 0.020–0.040). Persons with symptomatic PFJ OA progression with or without concurrent tibiofemoral OA exhibited abnormal joint loading mechanics when compared with individuals who did not progress. Further work is needed to determine if modification to these loading variables results in a change in the symptomatic progression in these individuals. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2593–2600, 2019
The role of socioeconomic status and psychosocial factors on gingivitis in socially disadvantaged adolescents
Authors: Koga Reyce , Herkrath Ana Paula Correa de Queiroz , Vettore Mario Vianna , Herkrath Fernando José , Rebelo Vieira Janete Maria , Pereira Juliana Vianna , Rebelo Maria Augusta Bessa , Queiroz Adriana Corrêa de 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the possible influence of social and psychosocial factors on gingival status in socially disadvantaged children is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationships among socioeconomic status, pattern of dental visits, self‐esteem, oral health beliefs, toothbrushing frequency, oral hygiene effectiveness, and gingivitis in low social status adolescents.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed involving 406 12‐year‐old students recruited in Manaus, Brazil. Socioeconomic status (family income, parent's schooling, number of goods, and household crowding), self‐esteem, oral health beliefs, and frequency of toothbrushing were collected through self‐completed questionnaires. Gingival status (bleeding on probing) and oral hygiene effectiveness (dental calculus) were evaluated by calibrated dentists through oral examinations. Structural equation modeling assessed the direct and indirect relationships between variables guided by a theoretical model.ResultsThe prevalence of gingivitis was 77.6%. Worse socioeconomic status and poor oral hygiene effectiveness directly predicted gingival bleeding. Socioeconomic status was also linked to toothbrushing frequency. Positive oral health beliefs and higher self‐esteem predicted higher frequency of toothbrushing. The latter was directly linked to greater oral hygiene effectiveness. Oral health beliefs and self‐esteem indirectly predicted gingival bleeding via toothbrushing frequency and oral hygiene effectiveness.ConclusionThe present findings suggest the importance of socioeconomic status and psychosocial factors on gingival status in underprivileged adolescents. Poor oral hygiene mediated the associations between psychosocial factors and gingival status.