bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese students’ group work performance: does team personality composition matter?
Authors: Lau Kwok Hung , Jin Qian 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate if team personality composition has any effect on group work performance of undergraduate students in China.Design/methodology/approachUsing a questionnaire based on the Big-Five framework to collect data on personality traits, this study investigated whether in the Chinese education setting overall effectiveness of university students working in groups was related to the different personalities of the group members. Students of two undergraduate business programs jointly run by an Australian university and a Chinese university in Shanghai participated in the research.FindingsThe findings reveal that aggregated personality traits have no effect on team effectiveness but homogeneity in emotional stability among group members does have a positive impact on group performance. Based on a comprehensive review of studies concerning the Chinese education approach, it is believed that the outcome of this study may reflect to a certain extent the influence of traditional learning method on how university students interact with team members in group work hence affecting group performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has surveyed 166 undergraduate students on their personality traits and performance in group work. A larger sample size can help improve the generalizability of the findings.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study shed light on how group work can be used more effectively in learning through proper assessment task design and guidance from the facilitator.Social implicationsThe outcome of this research also provides insight on how group work in higher education can better prepare students for the Chinese workforce.Originality/valueWhile studies on relationship between personality mix and team effectiveness in business setting are plenty, there is relatively little research on how team personality composition can impact on group performance in education especially in Asian countries. This study is one of the first attempts to supplement the inadequacy in this regard.
Redressing small firm resilience: exploring owner-manager resources for resilience
Authors: Wall Tony , Bellamy Lawrence 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The owner-manager of small firms is recognised as having a potentially significant role in the small firm’s competitiveness, growth and failure. However, the owner-manager’s own resilience has been largely overlooked in the small firm resilience literature. The purpose of this paper is to redress this and expand the debate and empirical basis of small firm owner-managers’ personal resources for resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
This longitudinal qualitative study deployed semi-structured interviews with nine owner-managers, each being interviewed three or four times. Analytical procedures were used with an established framework, which conceptualised four key personal resources for resilience, as follows: adaptability, confidence, social support and purposefulness.

Findings
There were four key findings, as follows: owner-manager adaptability can appear in extremes including a sense of helplessness or optimism where disruptive circumstances are not sensed as problematic; owner-manager confidence levels often echo their own mindset of adaptability, that is, from helplessness to positive ambition; owner-managers can use discursive tactics with strong/weak ties for a range of affective and technical resources for resilience; and purposefulness tended to be framed in terms of a necessity for a longer term future state related to own or family lifestyle rather than profit. It is also noted that the owner-manager and the firm are closely interrelated, and therefore, enhancement of personal resilience resources is likely to positively influence their resilience, and therefore, the resilience of the organisation and strategic capability of the firm.

Originality/value
The small firm resilience literature typically focusses on the organisational level, which de-emphasises the salient role of the owner-manager and their resilience. This study attempts to redress this.
SEC issues landmark order rejecting Nasdaq and NYSE Arca market data fee increases
Authors: Brigagliano James , Callcott W. Hardy , Warden Michael 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
To explain an October 16, 2018 US Securities and Exchange Commission order that unanimously upheld a SIFMA challenge to fee increases for “depth-of-book” market data filed by Nasdaq and NYSE Arca and the SEC’s simultaneous remanding of over 400 market data fee and other filings back to the exchanges for consideration under the standards set out in the order.

Design/methodology/approach
Explains the criteria for fee increases under the Exchange Act, the SEC’s historic routine approval of exchanges’ proposed fee increases, the SEC’s challenge to two recent market data filings, and the SEC’s remanding of 400 additional market data fee filings challenged by SIFMA to the exchanges and the National Market System (NMS) for reconsideration. Analyzes and discusses the SEC’s order.

Findings
The SECs’ SIFMA order appears to raise the bar significantly for what exchanges must show to justify fee increases.More broadly, all five SEC Commissioners (of both parties) appear to be rethinking the role of for-profit exchanges in the regulatory structure.These orders have the potential to rewrite the regulation of market data, other exchange fees, and potentially the relationship between the exchanges and other market participants, for the entire securities industry.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced securities lawyers.
2018 SEC enforcement actions reinforce the importance of effective supervision, policies, and procedures for broker-dealers and investment advisers
Authors: Koch Alec , Ryan Russell G. , Bennett Laura K. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
To provide analysis on several SEC enforcement actions of interest to broker-dealers and investment advisers.

Design/methodology/approach
The article is organized chronologically based on the dates of the SEC enforcement actions discussed.

Findings
The SEC enforcement actions discussed in the article demonstrate that broker-dealers and investment advisers must maintain and enforce compliance and supervision policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and prevent violations of the securities laws. When firm personnel commit violations (either intentionally or inadvertently), the SEC will evaluate whether firms could have been more effective in detecting and preventing those violations.Some of these cases also serve to remind firms that the SEC will often take enforcement action even when there is no evidence of customer harm.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced securities lawyers that consolidates and analyzes several recent SEC enforcement actions.
Examining consumers’ webrooming behavior: an integrated approach
Authors: Arora Sourabh , Sahney Sangeeta 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to employ an integrated technology acceptance model–theory of planned behavior framework intertwined with online risk, e-distrust and product involvement to augment an understanding on consumers’ webrooming behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
A mix of convenience and selective sampling was used for data collection. A total of 14 propositions were put forth, which were tested using the structural equation modeling method.

Findings
The results of the study revealed that apart from perceived ease of searching online and overall usefulness of the webrooming sequence, perceived search benefits online and purchase benefits offline significantly determined consumers’ webrooming behavior. The results of the study also indicate that webrooming helps consumers avoid the feeling of post-purchase regret of making sub-optimal product choices offline. Online risk perceptions and e-distrust also play a notable role in inhibiting consumers’ from making online purchases, and as a consequence encourage webrooming behavior. The moderating influence of product involvement was observed between consumers’ intentions toward webrooming and webrooming behavior.

Research limitations/implications
The research conducted provides rich insights into understanding the rising webrooming phenomenon. However, more exhaustive studies are needed to arrive at definitive findings concerning the webrooming phenomenon.

Practical implications
The findings of the study can be utilized by the online retailers for formulating strategies to counter webrooming behavior.

Originality/value
The paper is amongst the first few studies which contribute toward enhancing the understanding on webrooming behavior, an emerging issue in the current retailing environment.
Abiotic and biotic drivers of fatty acid tracers in ecology: A global analysis of chondrichthyan profiles
Authors: Meyer Lauren , Pethybridge Heidi , Nichols Peter D. , Beckmann Crystal , Huveneers Charlie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The use of fatty acid (FA) tracers is a growing tool in trophic ecology, yet FA profiles are driven by a number of abiotic and biotic parameters, making interpretation and appropriate use confusing for ecologists.

We undertook a global analysis, compiling FA profiles of 106 chondrichthyan (shark, ray and chimaera) populations, as a model to test the utility of FA profiles to partition a priori trophic guilds, phylogeny, water temperature and habitats. Individual FAs characterizing these four factors were identified, promoting the use of these FAs as ecological tracers across taxa.

Habitat type was linked to five FAs: 16:0, 18:0 and biologically essential 22:6ω3 (indicative of the deep sea), 20:5ω3 (non‐complex demersal and deep‐sea demersal) and 20:4ω6 (reef and brackish water). Temperature was a key driver of four FAs (22:5ω6, 22:4ω6, 20:1ω9 and 20:5ω3), while trophic guild and phylogeny were important drivers of two pairs of FA tracers (18:0 and 20:5ω3; 20:1ω9 and 18:1ω9, respectively).

This analysis provides a novel understanding of the biological and ecological information that can be inferred from FA profiles and further validates the use of FAs as tracers to investigate the trophic ecology of chondrichthyans.

Future research should prioritize ex situ studies to further disentangle the influence of factors across taxa and tissue types, quantify biomodification, enabling the use of quantitative methods for diet determination and further develop ‘FATscapes’ to elucidate fine‐scale trophic geography and climate variability. Additionally, the creation of a taxonomically inclusive FA data repository will enable further meta‐analyses.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Organic farming promotes biotic resistance to foodborne human pathogens
Authors: Jones Matthew S. , Fu Zhen , Reganold John P. , Karp Daniel S. , Besser Thomas E. , Tylianakis Jason M. , Snyder William E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Farmland biodiversity benefits pollination, biological control and other key ecosystem services. Food safety has been seen as an exception to this broader pattern, as diverse farmlands attract wildlife that vector foodborne human pathogens. Resulting mitigation efforts thus often seek to deter wildlife by removing natural habitats, while also excluding vertebrate livestock. However, surprising recent evidence suggests that farm simplification actually increases the likelihood that produce will be contaminated with human pathogens.

Here, we consider the possibility that intensified agriculture harms faeces‐feeding (coprophagous) beetles and bacteria, which could contribute to heightened food‐safety risk. In 70 commercial vegetable fields spanning the US west coast, using either organic or conventional farming methods, we surveyed coprophages both above‐ and below‐ground. We also measured removal rates of the faeces of Sus scrofa, which vectors foodborne pathogens both as livestock and as feral wildlife.

Above‐ground, organic farms fostered dung beetle species that removed S. scrofa faeces more rapidly than was seen on conventional farms, although this benefit was weakened in simplified landscapes dominated by pasture and an introduced dung beetle. Below‐ground, organic farming encouraged significantly higher biodiversity among soil bacteria. Organic farming similarly benefitted dung beetles and bacteria on farms that produced livestock alongside vegetables, or vegetables alone.

Complementary laboratory experiments revealed that the dung beetle species and biodiverse bacterial assemblages typical of organic farms were significantly more effective at suppressing human‐pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7, compared to coprophage communities associated with conventional farms. This suggests that farm management practices, coprophage conservation, and human–pathogen suppression might be linked.

Synthesis and applications. Altogether, our results indicate that insects and microbes can rapidly remove faeces, with the potential to also decrease the persistence of human pathogens. In turn, this suggests that improved food safety may be an important, and perhaps underappreciated, ecosystem service that is enhanced by on‐farm biodiversity. We recommend that farm managers and regulators consider the risks and benefits to coprophages when making management decisions regarding food safety.
Weathering climate: telescoping change
Authors: Simonetti Cristián 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs the scientific distinction between climate and weather suggests, knowledge about climate is supposed to be beyond indigenous peoples’ everyday experience of the environment in that it requires a long‐term record. On the basis of ethnographic work among geoscientists in Scotland and West Greenland, I show that practitioners of this discipline have mastered the craft of turning ‘visible’ what is ‘invisible’ to the senses by playing with shorter time‐scales. In thinking and communicating about the past, geoscientists would compress and accelerate long‐term environmental processes, often at the cost of dissociating them from processes occurring at shorter time‐scales, particularly the adaptation of living organisms. Attending to the historical circumstances around the development of this skill, I argue that it relates to an ideal of objectivity in science that corresponds to an optical understanding of time, inspired by the image of the telescope. Challenging the distinction between climate and weather, and the epistemic distance on which it rests, I discuss recent approaches in environmental anthropology that have uncritically adopted this distinction to distinguish indigenous knowledge of the environment from climate science. In conclusion, informed by research with indigenous peoples of the Arctic, I speculate on alternative ways of understanding climate knowledge, beyond the climate‐weather distinction.
Beta‐blocker use is an independent risk factor for thunderstorm asthma
Authors: Sultana Ron V , McKenzie Dean P , Fahey Michael T , Sutherland Michael , Nimorakiotakis Vasilios 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for thunderstorm asthma (TA) in subjects ≥15 years of age from information available in routine clinical records.MethodsRetrospective and hospital‐based case–control study of various clinical factors in all TA cases (n = 53) who presented to a single‐site ED in November 2016 (TA16) and in a control group of patients (n = 156) who presented to the same ED with asthma during the pollen season over eight non‐TA years. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression modelling was performed to calculate the odds of TA asthma in the presence of potential risk factors.ResultsA logistic regression model revealed that the odds of TA were lower for age (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–0.99), higher for Asian country of birth (OR 4.09, 95% CI 1.40–11.95) and higher for oral beta‐blocker use (OR 6.43, 95% CI 1.58–26.33) compared to controls. No difference was found between TA16 cases and controls for allergies (to medication, grass pollen, animal), hayfever, smoking, oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, or aspirin. Newly diagnosed asthma was higher in TA16 cases versus controls (32.1% vs 12.2%, P = 0.001).ConclusionsOral beta‐blocker medications, younger age and Asian‐born heritage are risk factors for TA. Further study is required to explore the potential association between beta‐blockers and TA.
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) strengthen the metabolic function of food waste biodegradation by gut microbiome
Authors: Jiang Cheng‐Liang , Jin Wei‐Zheng , Tao Xin‐Hua , Zhang Qian , Zhu Jun , Feng Shi‐Yun , Xu Xin‐Hua , Li Hong‐Yi , Wang Ze‐Hua , Zhang Zhi‐Jian 
Published: March 2019

SummaryVermicomposting using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens) has gradually become a promising biotechnology for waste management, but knowledge about the larvae gut microbiome is sparse. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing, SourceTracker, and network analysis were leveraged to decipher the influence of larvae gut microbiome on food waste (FW) biodegradation. The microbial community structure of BSF vermicompost (BC) changed greatly after larvae inoculation, with a peak colonization traceable to gut bacteria of 66.0%. The relative abundance of 11 out of 21 metabolic function groups in BC were significantly higher than that in natural composting (NC), such as carbohydrate‐active enzymes. In addition, 36.5% of the functional genes in BC were significantly higher than those in NC. The changes of metabolic functions and functional genes were significantly correlated with the microbial succession. Moreover, the bacteria that proliferated in vermicompost, including Corynebacterium, Vagococcus, and Providencia, had strong metabolic abilities. Systematic and complex interactions between the BSF gut and BC bacteria occurred over time through invasion, altered the microbial community structure, and thus evolved into a new intermediate niche favourable for FW biodegradation. The study highlights BSF gut microbiome as an engine for FW bioconversion, which is conducive to bioproducts regeneration from wastes.
“Adjusting internal organs and dredging channel” electroacupuncture treatment prevents the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by downregulating glucose‐related protein 78 (GRP78) and caspase‐12 in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats
Authors: Pan Hong , Huang Haipeng , Zhang Liying , Ma Shiqi , Yang Hongmei , Wang Hongfeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is significant, but the underlying mechanism of action is not clear. Considering that glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and caspase‐12 are major proteins participating in cell apoptosis, we investigated the effects of “adjusting internal organs and dredging channel” electroacupuncture therapy on GRP78 and caspase‐12 levels in streptozotocin (STZ)‐diabetic rats to elucidate the mechanism of action.MethodsRats were first divided into two groups: one group was rendered diabetic with a single injection of 50 mg/kg STZ, whereas the other normal control group was injected with an equivalent volume of citrate buffer. The STZ‐diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: model control and electroacupuncture‐ and mecobalamin‐treated groups. After 12 weeks treatment, the therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture was assessed using sciatic nerves isolated from rats. In the electroacupuncture group, rats were treated by electroacupuncture for 20 minutes once daily for 6 days each week, with 1 day off, for 12 consecutive weeks. The selected acupressure points include bilateral acupressure points of BL13 (Fehu), BL20 (Pishu), BL23 (Shenshu), LI4 (Hegu), LR3 (faichong), ST36 (Zusanli), and SP6 (Sanyiniiao). Acupressure points were stimulated using a HuaTuo SDZ‐V Electric Acupuncture Therapy Apparatus. The acupressure points of BL13 and BL23, as well as SP6 and LR3, were connected on the same side with a dilatational wave of 3 Hz (frequency ratio of 1 : 5) to stimulate the parts of the body to the extent that could be tolerated by the rat. As for the mecobalamin‐treated groups, mecobalamin was administrated to rats intragastrically at a dose of 20 mg/kg once daily for 12 consecutive weeks. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis were used to determine GRP78 and caspase‐12 levels in sciatic nerves. In addition, cell apoptosis in sciatic nerves was determined using the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐digoxigenin nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay.ResultsElectroacupuncture markedly reduced the pathological injury to sciatic nerves in STZ‐diabetic rats. Moreover, electroacupuncture significantly downregulated GRP78 and caspase‐12 and reduced cell apoptosis of sciatic nerves in DPN rats.ConclusionsElectroacupuncture improved DPN by downregulating GRP78 and caspase‐12 and reducing cell apoptosis of sciatic nerves in STZ‐diabetic rats, and further inhibited the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum stress, thus preventing sciatic nerve injuries.
Handling Oxygenation Targets in the Intensive Care Unit (HOT‐ICU)—Protocol for a randomised clinical trial comparing a lower vs a higher oxygenation target in adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
Authors: Schjørring Olav L. , Perner Anders , Wetterslev Jørn , Lange Theis , Keus Frederik , Laake Jon H. , Okkonen Marjatta , Siegemund Martin , Morgan Matthew , Thormar Katrin M. , Rasmussen Bodil S. ,   the HOT-ICU Investigators
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAcutely ill adults with hypoxaemic respiratory failure are at risk of life‐threatening hypoxia, and thus oxygen is often administered liberally. Excessive oxygen use may, however, increase the number of serious adverse events, including death. Establishing the optimal oxygenation level is important as existing evidence is of low quality. We hypothesise that targeting an arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of 8 kPa is superior to targeting a PaO2 of 12 kPa in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.MethodsThe Handling Oxygenation Targets in the ICU (HOT‐ICU) trial is an outcome assessment blinded, multicentre, randomised, parallel‐group trial targeting PaO2 in acutely ill adults with hypoxaemic respiratory failure within 12 hours after ICU admission. Patients are randomised 1:1 to one of the two PaO2 targets throughout ICU stay until a maximum of 90 days. The primary outcome is 90‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes are serious adverse events in the ICU, days alive without organ support and days alive out of hospital in the 90‐day period; mortality, health‐related quality‐of‐life at 1‐year follow‐up as well as 1‐year cognitive and pulmonary function in a subgroup; and an overall health economic analysis. To detect or reject a 20% relative risk reduction, we aim to include 2928 patients. An interim analysis is planned after 90‐day follow‐up of 1464 patients.ConclusionThe HOT‐ICU trial will test the hypothesis that a lower oxygenation target reduces 90‐day mortality compared with a higher oxygenation target in adult ICU patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.