bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP707As are effectors of karrikin and strigolactone signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana and parasitic plants
Authors: Brun Guillaume , Thoiron Séverine , Braem Lukas , Pouvreau Jean‐Bernard , Montiel Grégory , Lechat Marc‐Marie , Simier Philippe , Gevaert Kris , Goormachtig Sofie , Delavault Philippe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKarrikins stimulate Arabidopsis thaliana germination, whereas parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae family have evolved to respond to host‐exuded compounds such as strigolactones, dehydrocostus lactone, and 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate. In Phelipanche ramosa, strigolactone‐induced germination was shown to require one of the CYP707A proteins involved in abscisic acid catabolism. Here, germination and gene expression were analysed to investigate the role of CYP707As in germination of both parasitic plants and Arabidopsis upon perception of germination stimulants, after using pharmacological inhibitors and Arabidopsis mutants disrupting germination signals. CYP707A genes were up‐regulated upon treatment with effective germination stimulants in both parasitic plants and Arabidopsis. Obligate parasitic plants exhibited both intensified up‐regulation of CYP707A genes and increased sensitivity to the CYP707A inhibitor abscinazole‐E2B, whereas Arabidopsis cyp707a mutants still positively responded to germination stimulation. In Arabidopsis, CYP707A regulation required the canonical karrikin signalling pathway KAI2/MAX2/SMAX1 and the transcription factor WRKY33. Finally, CYP707As and WRKY33 also modulated Arabidopsis root architecture in response to the synthetic strigolactone rac‐GR24, and wrky33‐1 exhibited a shoot hyperbranched phenotype. This study suggests that the lack of host‐independent germination in obligate parasites is associated with an exacerbated CYP707A induction and that CYP707As and WRKY33 are new players involved in a variety of strigolactone/karrikin responses.
Photorespiratory serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 activity impacts abiotic stress tolerance and stomatal closure
Authors: Liu Yanpei , Mauve Caroline , Lamothe‐Sibold Marlène , Guérard Florence , Glab Nathalie , Hodges Michael , Jossier Mathieu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe photorespiratory cycle is a crucial pathway in photosynthetic organisms because it removes toxic 2‐phosphoglycolate made by the oxygenase activity of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and retrieves its carbon as 3‐phosphoglycerate. Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) is an essential photorespiratory enzyme converting glycine to serine. SHMT1 regulation remains poorly understood although it could involve the phosphorylation of serine 31. Here, we report the complementation of Arabidopsis thaliana shm1‐1 by SHMT1 wild‐type, phosphorylation‐mimetic (S31D) or nonphophorylatable (S31A) forms. All SHMT1 forms could almost fully complement the photorespiratory growth phenotype of shm1‐1; however, each transgenic line had only 50% of normal SHMT activity. In response to either a salt or drought stress, Compl‐S31D lines showed a more severe growth deficiency compared with the other transgenic lines. This sensitivity to salt appeared to reflect reduced SHMT1‐S31D protein amounts and a lower activity that impacted leaf metabolism leading to proline underaccumulation and overaccumulation of polyamines. The S31D mutation in SHMT1 also led to a reduction in salt‐induced and ABA‐induced stomatal closure. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of maintaining photorespiratory SHMT1 activity in salt and drought stress conditions and indicate that SHMT1 S31 phosphorylation could be involved in modulating SHMT1 protein stability.
Immunohistochemical detection of respiratory syncytial virus at autopsy
Authors: Ikeda Tomoya , Tani Naoto , Aoki Yayoi , Shida Alissa , Morioka Fumiya , Ishikawa Takaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can be fatal in infants <1 year after birth. Morphological findings associated with infant death, however, are insufficient, and screening procedures are problematic. The aim of the present study was to establish a postmortem diagnosis of RSV pathogenicity.MethodsSerial forensic autopsies of 55 infants who suddenly died ≤1 year after birth due to viral pneumonia (n = 18), bacterial pneumonia (n = 12), or other diseases and trauma (n = 25) were assessed. Causes of viral pneumonia determined on immunochemical screening and histological staining of airway effusions consisted of RSV (n = 8) and other viruses (n = 10).ResultsBronchial epithelial and inflammatory cells in the interstitium around bronchioles and alveoli were immunopositive for RSV. Bronchial epithelium was more frequently positive for RSV (5/8, 62.5%) than for bacterial pneumonia and other causes of death (7/47, 14.9%); and intra‐alveolar sites were also more frequently positive for RSV pneumonia (3/8, 37.5%) than for bacterial pneumonia and other causes of death (4/47, 8.5%). Screening immunoassays and immunohistochemical staining for RSV can serve as an index of RSV infection when serum antibody titers, viral identification and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are not informative. Peribronchiolar interstitial RSV positivity was similar between RSV pneumonia (7/8, 87.5%) and other causes of death (34/47, 72.3%).ConclusionsRSV was the cause of death in only eight infants because RSV infection was difficult to diagnose. Therefore, more deaths associated with RSV need to be investigated. Bronchial epithelium and intra‐alveolar cells that are RSV immunopositive might augment RSV pathogenicity in viral pneumonia.
National Days, National Identity, and Collective Memory: Exploring the Impact of Holocaust Day in Israel
Authors: Ariely Gal 
Published: May 2019

This study uses the case of Holocaust Day in Israel to examine the premise that national days impact national identity and collective memory. Specifically, the study examines whether a very unique type of national day—Holocaust Day—impacts national identification, nationalism, and collective memory in the form of Israeli Jews' perceptions of the “lessons” of the Holocaust. This study uses panel survey design data on national identity and perceptions of the Holocaust's lessons from the same sample of Israeli Jews (N = 665) collected two months prior to Holocaust Day and again during and after Holocaust Day. During and after Holocaust Day, respondents expressed increased levels of nationalism and more perceptions of both particularistic and universalistic Holocaust lessons. Participation in Holocaust Day practices had a stronger relationship with nationalism and national identification during Holocaust Day than before but a weaker relationship with the perception of a universalistic lesson during Holocaust Day. These findings indicate that Holocaust Day impacts national identity and collective memory and highlights the multifaceted nature of the relationships between national identity, collective memory, and national days. The theoretical implication of the findings as well as the case comparability are discussed in light of the findings.
Characterization of the unarmored dinoflagellate Pseliodinium pirum (Ceratoperidiniaceae) from Jiaozhou Bay, China
Authors: Hu Zhangxi , Deng Yunyan , Luo Zhaohe , Shang Lixia , Kong Fanzhou , Gu Haifeng , Zhao Zengxia , Tang Ying Zhong 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYA strain of Pseliodinium pirum was isolated from Jiaozhou Bay, China, identified based on a recently emended classification, and further characterized for its morphology using light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy, and phylogeny based on SSU and partial LSU rDNA sequences. The pigment composition, life history, and potential effects on aquatic animals were also examined. We observed the typical characteristics of Ceratoperidiniaceae, in which its apical structure complex (ASC) formed a circular loop, and the ASC of our isolate comprised four to five rows of vesicles, and connected with sulcal intrusion. Epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed a bean‐shaped, centrally located nucleus, with at least 76 chromosomes. Numerous rod‐shaped chloroplasts were in connection to the irregularly shaped pyrenoids. Pigment analysis showed that peridinin was the most abundant among all carotenoids and other pigments. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference indicated that our isolate is conspecific with the entity Cochlodinium cf. helix (accession No. KF245459), but different from Ceratoperidinium, Kirithra, and other unidentified species of the family Ceratoperidiniaceae. Pseliodinium pirum could produce sexual, thin‐walled cyst, with subspherical and spherical shape and smooth surface (without spines or rough projections). The cyst could germinate within 3 days. Bioassays did not show adverse effects of P. pirum on the finfish Oryzias melastigma and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, indicating it may not be a harmful species.
The prevalence of insomnia and its risk factors among older adults in a city in Turkey's Aegean Region
Authors: Korkmaz Aslan Gülbahar , İncİ Fadime H. , Kartal Asiye 
Published: May 2019

AimExperienced by many older adults, insomnia is a significant public health problem that requires the attention of health‐care professionals and researchers. This study aimed to identify insomnia and its risk factors among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in Denizli, Turkey. The study sample consisted of 360 elderly individuals aged 60 years and older who were admitted to one of six family health centres for any reason between 29 March 2016 and 17 June 2016. Data were collected by using a descriptive form for the elderly and the Insomnia Severity Index. The χ2 test was used to compare independent variables and insomnia status. Logistic regression analysis was used for the variables that were found to be significant at the end of the single‐variable analysis.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects, all of whom lived at home, was 69.52 ± 8.36 years. Insomnia was quite common among them (51%), and its severity was low (8.51 ± 5.56). At the end of logistic regression analysis, a moderate perception of health (OR = 10.859, 95%CI: 3.532–33.385) and the number of medications used (OR = 3.326, 95%CI: 1.014–10.907) were identified as risk factors for insomnia.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, we can state that insomnia is common among older adults. Therefore, older adults who are admitted to health‐care institutions should be evaluated for insomnia. Factors identified as affecting insomnia were health perception and the number of medications used. Given that health perception and polypharmacy are associated with chronic disease management, helping the elderly to effectively manage chronic diseases may alleviate insomnia.
Setting a Good Example? The Effect of Leader and Peer Behavior on Corruption among Indonesian Senior Civil Servants
Authors: Silitonga Mala Sondang , van Duijn Marijtje , Heyse Liesbet , Wittek Rafael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Standard anticorruption interventions consist of intensified monitoring and sanctioning. Rooted in principal‐agent theory, these interventions are based on the assumption that corrupt acts follow a rational cost‐benefit calculation by gain‐seeking individuals. Given their mixed results, however, these interventions require closer scrutiny. Building on goal‐framing theory, the authors argue that rule compliance requires a salient normative goal frame, since monitoring can never be perfect. Being inherently brittle, it needs constant reinforcement through external cues operating alongside formal monitoring and sanctioning. Leaders and peers setting a good example can provide such cues. In line with this hypothesis, analysis of multilevel repeated measures data from a vignette study of 580 Indonesian senior civil servants shows that the perceived likelihood of a hypothetical civil servant accepting a bribe is lowest when monitoring and sanctioning are strong and when leaders and peers are known to have refused bribes in the past.
Probabilistic Modeling of Flood Hazard and its Risk Assessment for Eastern Region of India
Authors: Manna Pratyay , Anis Mohammed Zafar , Das Prasun , Banerjee Soumya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article models flood occurrence probabilistically and its risk assessment. It incorporates atmospheric parameters to forecast rainfall in an area. This measure of precipitation, together with river and ground parameters, serve as parameters in the model to predict runoff and subsequently inundation depth of an area. The inundation depth acts as a guide for predicting flood proneness and associated hazard. The vulnerability owing to flood has been analyzed as social vulnerability , vulnerability to property , and vulnerability to the location in terms of awareness . The associated risk has been estimated for each area. The distribution of risk values can be used to classify every area into one of the six risk zones—namely, very low risk, low risk, moderately low risk, medium risk, high risk, and very high risk. The prioritization regarding preparedness, evacuation planning, or distribution of relief items should be guided by the range on the risk scale within which the area under study falls. The flood risk assessment model framework has been tested on a real‐life case study. The flood risk indices for each of the municipalities in the area under study have been calculated. The risk indices and hence the flood risk zone under which a municipality is expected to lie would alter every day. The appropriate authorities can then plan ahead in terms of preparedness to combat the impending flood situation in the most critical and vulnerable areas.
Multiple racial identities as sources of psychological resilience
Authors: Shih Margaret , Wilton Leigh S. , Does Serena , Goodale Brianna M. , Sanchez Diana T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMuch of the research on multiracial individuals has focused on the impact of a multiracial background on psychological well‐being. This work, often using clinical samples, identified a higher prevalence of negative psychological outcomes among multiracial individuals, such as low self‐esteem, poor grades, or self‐hatred, and has emphasized that these negative outcomes stem from the unique challenges associated with navigating multiple racial identities. However, research on nonclinical samples finds that multiracial individuals fare as well as monoracial individuals on these, and other, outcomes. We put forth a synthesizing theory aimed at understanding how multiracial individuals develop adaptive coping strategies, which help them learn to navigate multiple identities and maintain positive psychological outcomes. In the current contribution, we build on existing research to theorize that multiracial individuals can engage in two psychological strategies that increase resilience: (a) switching between multiple racial identities and (b) reduced essentializing of race. Evidence and consequences of these two strategies are discussed. Taken together, in contrast to traditional depletion models of coping, this work highlights the unique experience of multiracial individuals and the potential psychological benefits of belonging to multiple racial groups in a racialized world.
Effect of incubation with crystalloid solutions or medications on packed red blood cells
Authors: Mladinov Domagoj , Yarnoff Kristine , Nagababu Enika , Berkowitz Daniel E. , Lawrence Courtney , Ness Paul M. , Kickler Thomas , Brunker Patricia A. , Boyd Joan S. , Dodd‐o Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDAmerican Association of Blood Banks (AABB) guidelines suggest that packed red blood cells (PRBCs) be administered through a dedicated intravenous (IV) catheter. Literature supporting this broad‐scope declaration are scarce. Obtaining additional IV access is painful, costly, and an infectious risk. We evaluated the effect of co‐incubating PRBCs with crystalloids and medications on PRBC hemolysis, membrane deformability, and aggregation, as well as medication concentration.METHODSPRBCs were co‐incubated 5 minutes with plasma, normal saline (NS), 5% dextrose in water (D5W), Plasmalyte, epinephrine (epi), norepinephrine (norepi), dopamine (dopa), or Propofol (prop). Samples were then assessed for hemolysis (free hemoglobin, serum potassium), membrane deformability (elongation index [EI]), aggregation (smear, critical shear stress [mPa]) and drug concentration (High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry [LCMS‐MS]). Significance (p ≤ 0.05) was determined by Wilcoxon‐paired comparisons or Wilcoxon/Kruskall Willis with post‐hoc Dunn's test.RESULTSCompared to co‐incubation with plasma: 1) co‐incubation resulted in significantly increased hemolysis only when D5W as used (free hemoglobin, increased potassium); 2) EI trended lower when co‐incubated with D5W and trended toward higher when co‐incubated with prop; 3) aggregation was significantly lower when PRBCs co‐incubated with NS, D5W, or Plasmalyte, and trended lower when co‐incubated with epi, norepi, or dopa. Medication concentrations were between those predicted by distribution only in plasma and distribution through the entire intra‐ and extracellular space.CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that 5 minutes of PRBC incubation with isotonic crystalloids or catecholamines does not deleteriously alter PRBC hemolysis, membrane deformability, or aggregation. Co‐incubation with D5W likely increases hemolysis. Propofol may promote hemolysis.
Diagnostic performance of a qPCR for Leishmania on stained cytological specimens and on filter paper impressions obtained from cutaneous lesions suggestive of canine leishmaniosis
Authors: Lima Tatiana , Martínez‐Sogues Laura , Montserrat‐Sangrà Sara , Solano‐Gallego Laia , Ordeix Laura 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundDetection of Leishmania in cutaneous lesions is possible by visualization of amastigotes. Detection of Leishmania DNA by PCR presents greater sensitivity, and PCR has been used to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniosis in humans using noninvasive clinical specimens.ObjectivesStudy I: to determine if Leishmania DNA could be efficiently extracted and amplified from archived Diff‐Quik®‐stained slides of cytological specimens from canine cutaneous lesions. Study II: to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a Leishmania‐quantitative (q)PCR on stained cytological specimens and on filter paper impressions (FPI) obtained from cutaneous lesions suggestive of canine leishmaniosis (CanL).AnimalsSamples from cutaneous lesions of 54 dogs.Methods and materialsStudy I: Leishmania‐qPCR was performed on 19 glass slides (from nine dogs) with cytologically visible amastigotes. Fifteen slides with no visible amastigotes, obtained from 12 dogs seronegative for Leishmania by ELISA, served as controls. Study II: Leishmania‐qPCR was performed on glass slides and FPI from cutaneous lesions compatible with clinical leishmaniosis in 33 dogs.ResultsStudy I: all slides with visible amastigotes had positive qPCR, whereas all control slides yielded negative results. Study II: of 13 dogs definitively diagnosed with clinical leishmaniosis, eight had visible amastigotes on cytology, whereas Leishmania‐qPCR was positive on 11 glass slides and 13 FPI. Leishmaniosis was ruled out by standard methods in 20 dogs, four of which yielded positive qPCR on FPI and/or glass slides.Conclusions and clinical importanceLeishmania‐DNA can be detected efficiently by qPCR from cutaneous cytological specimens and FPI to diagnose Leishmania infection in dogs with cutaneous lesions suggestive of CanL.
Simple point of care continuous positive airway pressure delivery device (Jain-CPAP)
Authors: Jain Ashish , DiBlasi Robert M , Devgan Veena , Kumari Nisha , Kalra Kunal 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the effective pressure and FiO2delivery to a realistic spontaneously breathing lung model using a novel, simple, inexpensive neonatal non-invasive bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device.MethodsThis experimental bench study was conducted at Bench Testing Laboratory at a Children’s Hospital. A realistic 3D anatomic airway model of a 28-week preterm neonate was affixed to the ASL5000 Test Lung to simulate spontaneous breathing with lung mechanics that are specific to a preterm neonate. The assembly was constructed on site using easily available nasal prongs, paediatric infusion set with a graduated chamber, three-way stop cocks and oxygen tubing. The adult nasal prong was used as cannulae. However, this assembly had the limitation of the lack of humidification and inability to deliver graduated oxygen. This assembly was attached to the anatomic airway with nasal prongs. Pressure and FiO2were measured from within the lung model at different flow settings and recorded for 10 breaths.ResultsThere was a linear increase in the mean pressure in the 10 recorded breaths as oxygen flows were increased.ConclusionsOur nasal CPAP is a simple device, as it can be easily assembled at the point of care using simple, affordable supplies by the healthcare providers and can benefit the newborns with respiratory distress in the resource constraint settings.
Screening and assessment tools for early detection of malnutrition in hospitalised children: a systematic review of validation studies
Authors: Klanjsek Petra , Pajnkihar Majda , Marcun Varda Natasa , Povalej Brzan Petra 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to identify all currently available screening and assessment tools for detection of malnutrition in hospitalised children, and to identify the most useful tools on the basis of published validation studies.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched up to October 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies in English that reported sensitivity, specificity and positive/negative predictive values (PPVs/NPVs) in the paediatric population were eligible for inclusion.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently screened all of the studies identified, and extracted the data. The methodological qualities of the studies included were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool.ResultsThe 26 validation studies that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review used eight screening and three assessment tools. The number of participants varied from 32 to 14 477. There was considerable variability in the chosen reference standards, which prevented direct comparisons of the predictive performances of the tools. Anthropometric measurements were used as reference standards in 16 of the identified studies, and full nutritional assessment in 5. The Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) screening tool performed better than Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition and Screening Tool for Risk On Nutritional status and Growth when compared in terms of anthropometric measurements, especially for body mass index (Se=90.9, Sp=81.9) and triceps skinfold thickness (Se=80.0, Sp=75.0). However, low PPVs indicated the problem of overprediction of positive cases, which was typical for all of the studies that used anthropometric measurements as the reference standard.ConclusionsThis systematic review identifies the need for definition of the gold standard for validation of screening tools. Anthropometry measurements using WHO or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts should be considered as the possible reference standard in future validation studies. We would recommend the use of PYMS for hospitalised paediatric patients without chronic conditions, in combination with full nutritional assessment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077477.