bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining genetic and single-cell expression data reveals cell types and novel candidate genes for orofacial clefting
Authors: Siewert Anna , Hoeland Simone , Mangold Elisabeth , Ludwig Kerstin U. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon-syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is one of the most common birth defects and has a multifactorial etiology. To date, over 45 loci harboring common risk variants have been identified. However, the effector genes at these loci, and the cell types that are affected by risk alleles, remain largely unknown. To address this, we combined genetic data from an nsCL/P genome-wide association study (GWAS) with single-cell RNA sequencing data obtained from the heads of unaffected human embryos. Using the recently developed single-cell disease relevance score (scDRS) approach, we identified two major cell types involved in nsCL/P development, namely the epithelium and the HAND2+ pharyngeal arches (PA). Combining scDRS with co-expression networks and differential gene expression analysis, we prioritized nsCL/P candidate genes, some of which were additionally supported by GWAS data (e.g., CTNND1, PRTG, RPL35A, RAB11FIP1, KRT19). Our results suggest that specific epithelial and PA sub-cell types are involved in nsCL/P development, and harbor a substantial fraction of the genetic risk for nsCL/P.
Geoelectrical resistivity and geochemistry monitoring of landfill leachates due to the seasonal variations and the implications on groundwater systems and public health
Authors: Alao Joseph Omeiza , Otorkpa Oche Joseph , Abubakar Fahad , Eshimiakhe Daniel , Aliyu Abubakar , Abdulsalami Momohjimoh , Abdulmalik Danga Onimisi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the seasonal variations in the landfill leachate plumes (LLPs) properties and complex connections between concentrations of leachate variability, and its environment is essential for environmental and public health management. This study explores the combined electrical resistivity (ER) data and physiochemical water analysis (PWA) coupled with the excavations to monitor the landfill physiochemical properties (LPPs) due to seasonal variations and their implications on environmental vital organs and public health. The variations in ER and LLP distributions across the overburdened top layer due to seasonal changes were examined. The low ER contrasts were encountered within the ranges of 1.5 Ωm – 19.0 Ωm which was mapped as LLP accumulated zones within the landfill, while high ER values varied between 15 Ωm – 260 Ωm off-the landfill extending beyond 15 m. The results of the PWA indicate high concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) such as iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) decreasing with wet seasons and increasing with dry seasons. The overall high concentration of HMs in the LLPs was indeed varied between 9.81 ± 2.15–19.07 ± 3.68, while the electrical conductivity (EC) significantly increased from 17.99 ± 1.92 mg/L to 24.87 ± 3.31 mg/L towards the wet season. The increment and decrement encountered in the LPPs are due to seasonal variation and dilution. The order of decrement in the HMs in the LLPs treads as follows EC > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd in values, respectively. The near-surface EC aligned well with the ER results and boundaries of the waste disposal site, which was verified by the soil excavations. In addition, the ER method was extended beyond the landfill for adequate monitoring, identifying the subsurface layers, conductive shallow zones mapped as the zones of LLP accumulation, resistive deep and shallow zones mapped as the consolidated lateritic topsoil and crystalline basement rocks in some cases, and a dipping conductive lineament zones identified as fracture zones just before the crystalline basement. In conclusion, the ER technique reveals the vertical and horizontal extents of the LLP escapade, the PWA expressed the concentrations of HMs in the LLPs, heightening the implications on the environmental and human health. Finally, the combined techniques deployed for monitoring the physiochemical properties of LLPs due to seasonal variation and the impacts on the integrity of groundwater quality systems and public health inform sustainable waste management practices, which contributes significantly to the protection of groundwater resources and the development of effective strategies to safeguard groundwater systems and public health for present and future generations.
Leukocytes telomere length as a biomarker of adverse drug reactions induced by Osimertinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Trachu Narumol , Reungwetwattana Thanyanan , Meanwatthana Jennis , Sukasem Chonlaphat , Majam Teerapat , Saengsiwaritt Wacharapol , Jittikoon Jiraphun , Udomsinprasert Wanvisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to measure relative telomere length (RTL) in blood leukocytes of advanced-stage NSCLC patients either with or without Osimertinib-induced ADRs and determine whether RTL could serve as a biomarker of Osimertinib-induced ADRs. Blood leukocytes RTL were measured in 63 advanced-stage NSCLC patients and 62 age-matched healthy controls using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In patients with advanced-stage NSCLC, RTL was significantly shorter than that in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Compared to patients without ADRs and those with mild/moderate ADRs, patients with severe ADRs exhibited significantly decreased RTL (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). ROC curve analysis uncovered a diagnostic value of RTL as a biomarker of Osimertinib-induced ADRs (AUC = 1.000, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant association between shorter RTL and increased cumulative incidence of Osimertinib-induced ADRs in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC (P < 0.001). Shorter RTL in blood leukocytes would reflect the occurrence of Osimertinib-induced ADRs and might emerge as a promising biomarker for identifying advanced-stage NSCLC patients who are at risk of experiencing Osimertinib-induced ADRs, particularly those with severe ADRs.
QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis of seed germination under PEG-induced water stress in Lactuca spp.
Authors: Hwang Sadal , Simko Ivan , Mou Beiquan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impact of limited water availability on lettuce growth has been well documented. However, the mechanisms by which lettuce controls seed germination under water stress remain unknown. Germination percentage was evaluated in the cv. Salinas (Lactuca sativa) (L. sativa) × US96UC23 (Lactuca serriola) (L. serriola) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and USDA germplasm collection using 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG). About 50% of both populations displayed less than 90% germination. The average broad-sense heritability (H2) for germination percentage was 0.81 across both populations. Two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for germination percentage were identified on chromosomes 4 and 8 in the RIL population. The RNA-Seq and network analyses of wild lettuce, US96UC23, were performed using the control (distilled water, dH2O) and treatment (10% PEG) datasets. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 4,095. The top 20 gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were assessed by enrichment analysis. The consensus network analysis captured 44 modules. Gene networks were constructed for the top 20 hub genes in 10 significant modules from each dataset. This study comprehensively explains QTL, GO terms, KEGG pathways, and gene networks associated with lettuce seed germination under osmotic stress.
Facial attractiveness does not modify the perceived trustworthiness of ethnic minority men
Authors: Hellyer Joshua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractImmigrants, and particularly immigrant men, are often stereotyped as untrustworthy in European societies. However, little research has examined how stereotypes of characteristics other than ethnicity might impact natives’ perceptions of the trustworthiness of immigrants. Here, I test whether facial attractiveness, a trait associated with a variety of positive stereotypes, might modify ethnic biases in trustworthiness perceptions. I vary facial attractiveness and ethnicity using photo and name stimuli presented in a hypothetical “lost wallet” vignette, in which respondents assess the likelihood of the pictured man returning their lost wallet. Results from an German online panel survey indicate that while attractiveness has a modest positive effect on perceived trustworthiness, the value of attractiveness does not differ between ethnic majority German men and men with a Turkish migration background. Rather, the largest differences in the perceived trustworthiness of Turkish-origin men are found between respondents with inclusionary and exclusionary immigration attitudes, with inclusionary respondents reporting that Turkish-origin vignette persons are more trustworthy than ethnic majority German vignette persons. These results suggest that physical attractiveness does not act as a substantial moderator of ethnic biases in trustworthiness perceptions, but that immigration attitudes are highly relevant.
Cross-instrument optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA)-based prediction of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) disease activity using artificial intelligence
Authors: Heinke Anna , Zhang Haochen , Broniarek Krzysztof , Michalska-Małecka Katarzyna , Elsner Wyatt , Galang Carlo Miguel B. , Deussen Daniel N. , Warter Alexandra , Kalaw Fritz , Nagel Ines , Agnihotri Akshay , Mehta Nehal N. , Klaas Julian Elias , Schmelter Valerie , Kozak Igor , Baxter Sally L. , Bartsch Dirk-Uwe , Cheng Lingyun , An Cheolhong , Nguyen Truong , Freeman William R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the efficacy of predicting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) activity through deep neural networks (DNN) using a cross-instrument training dataset composed of Optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA) images from two different manufacturers. A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 2D vascular en-face OCTA images from Heidelberg Spectralis (1478 samples: 1102 training, 276 validation, 100 testing) and Optovue Solix (1003 samples: 754 training, 189 validation, 60 testing). OCTA scans were labeled based on clinical diagnoses and adjacent B-scan OCT fluid information, categorizing activity into normal, dry AMD, active wet AMD, and wet AMD in remission. Experiments explored cross-instrument disease classification using separate and combined datasets for training the DNN. Testing involved 100 Heidelberg and 60 Optovue samples. Training on Heidelberg data alone yielded 73% accuracy on Heidelberg images and 60% on Optovue images. Training on Optovue data alone resulted in 34% accuracy on Heidelberg and 85% on Optovue images. Combined training data from both instruments achieved 78% accuracy on Heidelberg and 76% on Optovue test sets. Results indicate that cross-instrument classifier training demonstrates high classification prediction accuracy, making cross-instrument training viable for future clinical applications. This implies that vascular morphology in OCTA can predict disease progression.
When fatigue and cognitive impairment persist- a neurological follow-up-study in patients with Post-COVID syndrome
Authors: Hennemann Ann-Katrin , Timmermeister Melissa , Drick Nora , Pink Isabell , Weissenborn Karin , Dirks Meike 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConsidering the relevance for patients, economics and public health data about the course of the neurological Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) are urgently needed. In this study 94 PCS patients (73% female, age in median 49 years) were examined in median 9.4 (T1) and for a second time 14 months (T2) after mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mood, sleep quality and health related quality of life (QoL) were evaluated via structured anamnesis and self-report questionnaires; attention, concentration and memory via psychometric tests. 47% of the patients reported an improvement of their symptoms over time, but only 12% full recovery. 4% noticed deterioration and 49% no change. Main disturbances at both time points were fatigue, deficits in concentration and memory. In patients with perceived improvement QoL significantly increased between T1 and T2, although their test performance as well as the fatigue score remained unchanged. In patients with persisting impairment QoL, fatigue scores and psychometric test results did not change significantly. Abnormal psychometric tests were more frequent at both time points in the group without improvement. But, significant fatigue and cognitive impairment persisted for more than 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection in both groups.
Early-life gut microbiota assembly patterns are conserved between laboratory and wild mice
Authors: Hanski Eveliina , Raulo Aura , Knowles Sarah C. L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAssembly of the mammalian gut microbiota during early life is known to shape key aspects of organismal development, including immunity, metabolism and behaviour. While house mice (Mus musculus) are the major laboratory model organism for gut microbiota research, their artificial lab-based lifestyle could fundamentally alter ecological processes of microbiota assembly and dynamics, in ways that affect their usefulness as a model system. To examine this, here we directly compared patterns of gut microbiota assembly in house mice from the lab and from the wild, making use of a tractable, individually-marked wild population where we could examine patterns of gut microbiota assembly during early life. Despite lab and wild mice harbouring taxonomically distinct communities, we identify striking similarities in multiple patterns of their gut microbiota assembly. Specifically, age-related changes in both alpha and beta diversity, as well as the abundance of predominant phyla and aerotolerance of the microbiota followed parallel trajectories in both settings. These results suggest some degree of intrinsic programme in gut microbiota assembly that transcends variation in taxonomic profiles, and the genetic and environmental background of the host. They further support the notion that despite their artificial environment, lab mice can provide meaningful insights into natural microbiota ecological dynamics in early life and their interplay with host development.
Electron-cloud alignment dynamics induced by an intense X-ray free-electron laser pulse: a case study on atomic argon
Authors: Budewig Laura , Son Sang-Kil , Santra Robin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn an intense X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulse, atoms are sequentially ionised by multiple X-ray photons. Photoionisation generally induces an alignment of the electron cloud of the produced atomic ion regarding its orbital-angular-momentum projections. However, how the alignment evolves during sequential X-ray multi-photon ionisation accompanied by decay processes has been unexplored. Here we present a theoretical prediction of the time evolution of the electron-cloud alignment of argon ions induced by XFEL pulses. To this end, we calculate state-resolved ionisation dynamics of atomic argon interacting with an intense linearly polarised X-ray pulse, which generates ions in a wide range of charge states with non-zero orbital- and spin-angular momenta. Employing time-resolved alignment parameters, we predict the existence of non-trivial alignment dynamics during intense XFEL pulses. This implies that even if initially the atomic electron cloud is perfectly spherically symmetric, X-ray multi-photon ionisation can lead to noticeable reshaping of the electron cloud.
More extremely hot days, more heat exposure and fewer cooling options for people of color in Connecticut, U.S.
Authors: Chen Shijuan , Lund Katie , Murphy-Dunning Colleen , Seto Karen C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is well-documented that people of color in the U.S. are disproportionately exposed to extreme urban heat. However, most studies have focused on large cities for one point in time, and less is known about how heat exposure changes over time in smaller cities. Here, we present a study of the changing nature of urban heat exposure and cooling strategies for ten cities in Connecticut in the U.S. Our results show that people of color experience more heat exposure and fewer adaptation strategies. They experienced higher overall temperatures, more extremely hot days, and larger increases in heat exposure. Also, they have lower air conditioning ownership rates and lower tree cover. Taken together, the results indicate that people of color are not only exposed to higher temperatures but also disproportionately exposed to increasing temperatures over time. With lower heat adaptation capacity, people of color are more vulnerable to increasing urban heat.
Fast-get-faster explains wavier upper-level jet stream under climate change
Authors: Shaw Tiffany A. , Miyawaki Osamu , Chou Hsing-Hung , Blackport Russell 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Earth’s upper-level jet streams primarily flow in the eastward direction. They often exhibit a north-south component or waviness connected to extreme weather at the surface. Recently the upper-level eastward jet stream was found to exhibit a fast-get-faster response under climate change explained by the impact of the nonlinear Clausius-Clapeyron relation on the latitudinal density contrast. Here we show the fast-get-faster mechanism also applies to the upper-level north-south jet stream wind and the longitudinal density contrast, implying increased waviness under climate change. Arctic Sea ice loss, which has been proposed as a driver of increased waviness, cannot explain the response. It leads to a fast-get-slower waviness response at all vertical levels. We demonstrate the fast-get-faster waviness signal has emerged in reanalysis data in the Southern Hemisphere but not yet in the Northern Hemisphere. The results show the fast-get-faster mechanism explains upper-level waviness changes and highlights a tug of war between upper- and mid-level waviness under climate change.
Cultural contexts differentially shape parents’ loneliness and wellbeing during the empty nest period
Authors: Hartanto Andree , Sim Lester , Lee Davelle , Majeed Nadyanna M. , Yong Jose C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe coming decades will see a substantial increase in the population of older adults, accompanied by significant demographic and family structure changes worldwide. As a result, the empty nest period—the postparental phase in parents’ lives when their children have left home and they are no longer engaged in childrearing—is becoming an increasingly common experience in Western and Asian cultures. The current theoretical review examines the psychological consequences of the empty nest period on loneliness and well-being across cultures, emphasizing the impact of cultural factors on these experiences. By synthesizing research from Western and Asian contexts, we explore two primary theoretical mechanisms—role loss and role strain relief—that shape the postparental phase’s psychological outcomes. Our review reveals that while some parents experience reduced well-being due to role loss, others benefit from role strain relief and increased social engagement. We highlight how cultural differences in familial roles, gender roles, social expectations regarding nest-leaving, and social participation patterns moderate these mechanisms. We propose a comprehensive cultural framework, along with a discussion of culturally sensitive interventions to enhance the well-being of empty nesters globally.
Direct capture of the alanine ghost in alanine-doped triglycine sulfate crystals
Authors: Terasawa Yukana , Shibue Toshimichi , Asahi Toru 
Published: November 2024

15N-labelled l-alanine in TGS crystals was directly observed by solid 15N-NMR, with two chemical states of alanine doped into GI being reported and a new crystal structure model proposed.
Multi‐station multi‐robot task assignment method based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhang Junnan , Wang Ke , Mu Chaoxu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problem of multi‐station multi‐robot spot welding task assignment, and proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework, which is made up of a public graph attention network and independent policy networks. The graph of welding spots distribution is encoded using the graph attention network. Independent policy networks with attention mechanism as a decoder can handle the encoded graph and decide to assign robots to different tasks. The policy network is used to convert the large scale welding spots allocation problem to multiple small scale single‐robot welding path planning problems, and the path planning problem is quickly solved through existing methods. Then, the model is trained through reinforcement learning. In addition, the task balancing method is used to allocate tasks to multiple stations. The proposed algorithm is compared with classical algorithms, and the results show that the algorithm based on DRL can produce higher quality solutions.
Hybrid precoding algorithm for Wi‐Fi interference suppression based on deep learning
Authors: Xie Gang , Pei Zhixiang , Long Gaole , Liu Yuanan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInterference among wireless access points (APs) in Wi‐Fi systems limits the throughput of multi‐AP massive multiple‐input multiple‐output systems, and as the AP density increases, the increased interference leads to a significant loss of spectral efficiency of the system. Suppose interference is suppressed by obtaining information about all interfering channels, although the spectral efficiency of the system is greatly improved. In that case, the communication overhead between APs is too huge and consumes too many resources for coordinated transmission, and the performance improvement obtained is negligible. Based on this, a new deep learning hybrid precoding technique based on local channel information is proposed in this paper, where APs use local channel state information for direct hybrid precoding, which can effectively suppress inter‐AP interference in dense wireless local area network and improve the reachable rate of the system through the characteristics of deep learning networks. Through multi‐AP system‐level simulations, it is demonstrated that this non‐collaborative hybrid precoding method based on deep learning greatly suppresses interference and effectively improves the spectral efficiency of the system.
Quantized feedback stabilization of impulsive switched linear systems based on event triggering
Authors: Chen Rui , Fang Jie , Fei Xihong , Xu Yubao , Wang Duansong , Zhang Tan , Zhang Jinzhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article studies the feedback stabilization problem of an impulsive switched linear system whose feedback loop is closed over a digital network. Particularly, the combined effects of mode switches, impulses, quantization, network delay and external disturbances on the stability of that system are investigated. By extending the previous delay‐free and impulse‐free methods of reachable‐set approximation and propagation, some novel communication and control policies are designed to stabilize the concerned switched system with both network delay and impulses. In order to save the occupied network bandwidth, some event‐triggered control policies are proposed. To handle the effects of the mode switches and the impulse, we design event‐triggering conditions for both the case with no switch and no impulse on an inter‐event interval and the case with one switch or one impulse on an inter‐event interval. Note that the occurrence of a mode switch or an impulse leads to the switch of the event‐triggering conditions. Under the event‐triggered control policies, a stabilizing bit rate condition is derived. It is proven that even under impulses and network delay, the event‐triggered control policies can stabilize the switched system at a lower bit rate than earlier works based on conventional time‐triggered control policies.