bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of clinical pharmacy services in a pediatric HIV clinic
Authors: Morris Jennifer L. , Briars Leslie A. , Kraus Donna M. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to characterize and analyze clinical pharmacists' interventions in a pediatric human immunodeficiency virus clinic.MethodsThis retrospective review assesses interventions documented by pediatric pharmacists. The percent of patients with an undetectable viral load at baseline, prior to implementation of pharmacy services, was compared with the viral load at a 7‐year follow‐up visit. Mean log10 viral loads at years 1 and 7 were compared to baseline and the mean change in viral load was compared.ResultsPharmacists were involved with the care of 53 patients at 2257 visits documenting 8893 interventions. Recommendations to physicians accounted for 1316 (14.8%) of the interventions. Pharmacists documented 3176 (35.7%) interventions to patients/caregivers. One‐thousand and twenty‐eight (11.6%) interventions were educational concepts taught to patients/caregivers. Pharmacists provided 1107 (12.4%) adherence aids and conducted 669 (7.5%) adherence assessments. The percentage of patients with undetectable viral loads increased from 12.1% (4/33) to 65.8% (25/38) (P = 0.0094). The mean log10 viral load at years 1 and 7 were lower than those obtained prior to the first clinical pharmacy visit (year 1:3.95 ± 1.22 copies/mL vs 4.37 ± 1.09 copies/mL; P = 0.0042; year 7:2.88 ± 1.21 copies/mL vs 4.42 ± 1.11 copies/mL; P < 0.0001).The decrease in mean log10 viral load (viral load change) was significantly greater in year 7 compared with year 1 (P = 0.04). A clinically significant mean viral load decrease occurred each year from years 2 to 7.ConclusionsIn 7 years of pediatric clinical pharmacy services, thousands of interventions were documented. An increase in the number of patients with an undetectable viral load and improvements in mean log10 viral load occurred. These findings suggest that interventions by pediatric clinical pharmacists contributed to overall improvements in viral loads observed in this study. This analysis provides insight into the essential role of a clinical pharmacist in a pediatric HIV clinic.
Evaluation of a novel discharge reminder tool on pneumococcal vaccination in hospitalized elderly veterans
Authors: Burka Abigail T. , Fann Jakob P. , Lamb Kristen D. , Salvig Brent E. , Smith Torrey L. , Wallace Jessica L. 
Published: January 2019

Study ObjectiveThe Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations for pneumococcal vaccinations include updates on appropriate spacing between the 13‐valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and the 23‐valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). The schedule may confuse providers leading to either vaccine omission or inappropriate vaccination. Numerous facilities have implemented inpatient reminder tools with limited success rates; however, the complexity of vaccine selection is not eliminated with this reminder approach nor does it provide education to the provider on ACIP recommendations. The Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System implemented a tool to provide patient specific guidance and education on ACIP‐appropriate vaccine selection embedded within a required discharge note called the discharge instruction inpatient note (DIPN). This study evaluates its impact on pneumococcal vaccination rates in hospitalized veterans 65 years of age and older.DesignThis was a single center, retrospective, observational analysis of pneumococcal vaccine utilization during the three‐month periods surrounding DIPN implementation.PatientsA total of 540 patients aged 65 and older hospitalized in the Nashville campus of the Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System.Measurements/Main ResultsPneumococcal vaccine utilization increased following DIPN implementation, with a total of 9 doses administered in the pre‐DIPN group compared with 41 in the post‐DIPN group (3.3% vs 15.2%, P < 0.0001). Among pneumococcal vaccine naïve patients, vaccination at discharge increased from 1.4% to 25% following implementation (P = 0.0003). However, all 20 of the PPSV23 vaccines administered post‐DIPN implementation were found to be inappropriate when compared with ACIP recommendations.ConclusionImplementation of a vaccine reminder tool embedded within the DIPN significantly increased the inpatient use of pneumococcal vaccines in a large VA facility with high baseline vaccination rates. Given the number of inappropriate vaccines administered, focused efforts on provider education in conjunction with implementation of reminder tools are warranted to encourage appropriate vaccine usage.
Effect of arsenic exposure on early eye development in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Babich Remy , Van Beneden Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractArsenic is a metalloid that contaminates drinking water supplies worldwide. Owing to concerns for human health, the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency have established a safe level in drinking water of ≤10 ppb. Recently, arsenic exposure has also been linked to lower IQ values in children. The effect of arsenic on neurogenesis, specifically eye development, has not been widely explored. This study aimed to examine the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic on early eye development by morphological and molecular analysis. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, was chosen to model the impact of arsenic on retinogenesis because of similarities to human eye development. Arsenic exposure to zebrafish embryos resulted in a significant increase in eye diameter at 14 days postfertilization. This was coupled with a trend in thinning of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) layer in embryos exposed to 500 ppb arsenic. Reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of genes associated with eye development revealed differential expression of Pax6a, Pax2a, Ngn1, Sox2 and Shha relative to control. Pax6a, Pax2a and Sox2 are important in the formation of the RPE. Proper formation of the RPE is necessary for growth of the sclera, which, in turn, is responsible for maintaining the shape of the eye. This could potentially be explained by the disruption of gene expression under arsenic exposure during critical time points in early eye development. These results provide insight into the effects arsenic may be having on early eye development in children exposed to contaminated drinking water supplies.
Modulation of macrophage phenotype via phagocytosis of drug‐loaded microparticles
Authors: Wofford Kathryn L. , Cullen D. Kacy , Spiller Kara L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMonocyte‐derived macrophages play a critical role in directing wound pathology following injury. Depending on their phenotype, macrophages also promote tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic administration of macrophages with a controlled phenotype is challenging because macrophages are highly plastic and quickly revert to a detrimental, inflammatory phenotype in response to the environment of a damaged tissue. To address this issue, we developed a novel strategy to modulate macrophage phenotype intracellularly through phagocytosis of drug‐loaded microparticles. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microparticles loaded with the anti‐inflammatory drug dexamethasone (Dex) were phagocytosed by monocytes and stored intracellularly for at least 5 days. After differentiation into macrophages, cell phenotype was characterized over time with high‐throughput gene expression analysis via NanoString. We found that the microparticles modulated macrophage phenotype for up to 7 days after microparticle uptake, with decreases in inflammation‐related genes at early timepoints and upregulation of homing‐ and phagocytosis‐related genes at multiple timepoints in a manner similar to cells treated with continuous free Dex. These data suggest that intracellularly loading macrophages with Dex microparticles via phagocytosis could be a unique methodology to selectively modulate macrophage phenotype over time. This strategy would allow therapeutic administration of macrophages for the treatment of a number of inflammatory disease and disorders. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1213–1224, 2019.
Preparation and evaluation of BCP‐CSD‐agarose composite microsphere for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Hasan Md Lemon , Padalhin Andrew R. , Kim Boram , Lee Byong‐Taek 
Published: January 2019

AbstractComposite microspheres have been widely investigated over the years in order to achieve a sound scaffold with suitable combinations of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics/glasses for bone tissue engineering. In our present study, composite microspheres were prepared for the first time by agarose (1 wt %) enforcement with combination of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP; 20 wt %) and calcium sulfate dehydrate (CSD; 20 wt %), and analyzed for use in bone regeneration. The one‐step fabrication process revealed spheres of sizes ranging from 50 to 1000 μm of BCP‐CSD contents effectively formed by natural solidification of agarose matrix, which is very simple, time and cost‐effective, and could allow for large scale production. Furthermore, the BCP‐CSD‐agarose composite microspheres were tested in in vitro and in vivo for bone‐forming properties in order to assess their biocompatibility. The rapid diffusion of Ca2+ions from CSD of the composite microspheres through agarose matrix potentially increased interactivity with microenvironment and gave support for cell adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, in vivo result demonstrated that fabricated microspheres promoted neovascularization, stimulated fibroblast cell proliferation, and host cell migration occurred throughout the defects and within microspheres, ultimately guided to new bone formation. The developed composite microspheres with novel approach could have potential for bone regeneration application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2263–2272, 2019.
Melorheostotic Bone Lesions Caused by Somatic Mutations in MAP2K1 Have Deteriorated Microarchitecture and Periosteal Reaction
Authors: Fratzl-Zelman Nadja , Roschger Paul , Kang Heeseog , Jha Smita , Roschger Andreas , Blouin Stéphane , Deng Zuoming , Cabral Wayne A , Ivovic Aleksandra , Katz James , Siegel Richard M , Klaushofer Klaus , Fratzl Peter , Bhattacharyya Timothy , Marini Joan C 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Melorheostosis is a rare non-hereditary condition characterized by dense hyperostotic lesions with radiographic “dripping candle wax” appearance. Somatic activating mutations in MAP2K1 have recently been identified as a cause of melorheostosis. However, little is known about the development, composition, structure, and mechanical properties of the bone lesions. We performed a multi-method phenotype characterization of material properties in affected and unaffected bone biopsy samples from six melorheostosis patients with MAP2K1 mutations. On standard histology, lesions show a zone with intensively remodeled osteonal-like structure and prominent osteoid accumulation, covered by a shell formed through bone apposition, consisting of compact multi-layered lamellae oriented parallel to the periosteal surface and devoid of osteoid. Compared with unaffected bone, melorheostotic bone has lower average mineralization density measured by quantitative backscattered electron imaging (CaMean: –4.5%, p = 0.04). The lamellar portion of the lesion is even less mineralized, possibly because the newly deposited material has younger tissue age. Affected bone has higher porosity by micro-CT, due to increased tissue vascularity and elevated 2D-microporosity (osteocyte lacunar porosity: +39%, p = 0.01) determined on quantitative backscattered electron images. Furthermore, nano-indentation modulus characterizing material hardness and stiffness was strictly dependent on tissue mineralization (correlation with typical calcium concentration, CaPeak: r = 0.8984, p = 0.0150, and r = 0.9788, p = 0.0007, respectively) in both affected and unaffected bone, indicating that the surgical hardness of melorheostotic lesions results from their lamellar structure. The results suggest a model for pathophysiology of melorheostosis caused by somatic activating mutations in MAP2K1, in which the genetically induced gradual deterioration of bone microarchitecture triggers a periosteal reaction, similar to the process found to occur after bone infection or local trauma, and leads to an overall cortical outgrowth. The micromechanical properties of the lesions reflect their structural heterogeneity and correlate with local variations in mineral content, tissue age, and remodeling rates, in the same way as normal bone. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Abstract
Development of the melorheostotic lesion.
Modeling the growth of microalgaeSpirulinasp. with application of illuminance and magnetic field
Authors: Piazzi Ana Carolina Ferreira , Veiga Mayara Copello , Santos Lucielen Oliveira , Costa Jorge Alberto Vieira , Kuhn Raquel Cristine , Salau Nina Paula Gonçalves 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a lack of studies that investigate the application of magnetic field in microalgae cultures in the literature. Aiming to understand the effects of the application of magnetic field, along with illuminance, on the growth of microalgae, an accurate first‐principles mathematical model must be designed and evaluated. Furthermore, the parameters associated with illuminance and magnetic field in the new model must be obtained through a reliable and robust parameter estimation procedure, since for magnetic field effects there are no models and parameters reported in the literature.RESULTSA new model for microalga growth with application of illuminance and magnetic field was designed to predict biomass productivity. Fourteen different Verhulst‐based mathematical equations were proposed and compared. The results showed the significant influence of the illuminance and magnetic field on the microalga growth and indicated that the designed model accurately fitted the experimental data.CONCLUSIONSA new model to predict microalga growth with application of illuminance and magnetic field was designed considering two new parameters,KIandKM, affinity of a microorganism to illuminance and magnetic field, respectively, in a Verhulst‐based equation. The parameters were accurately estimated though a hybrid combination of particle swarm optimization and nonlinear least‐squares algorithms, allowing the model to accurately predict microalga growth. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Prenatally detected umbilical cord tumor as a sign of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis
Authors: Schwickert Alexander , Seeger Karl‐Heinz , Rancourt Rebecca C. , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report a case of a prenatally detected hemangioma of the umbilical cord as an early sign of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis (DNH). The newborn was diagnosed with multiple hemangiomas in the liver, intestines, skin, and brain. Prenatal ultrasound findings, neonatal appearance of the hemangiomas, and the associated complications are illustrated. Interdisciplinary investigations as well as operative and systemic treatment approaches proved to be challenging. This case illustrates how prenatal ultrasound with color Doppler facilitates the early diagnosis of DNH and can help through the early referral to specialized centers for appropriate treatment.
Microscopic investigation of palyno‐morphological features of melliferous flora of Lakki Marwat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Shabir , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Lubna  , Yaseen Ghulam , Sultana Shazia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present study was carried out to investigate the polliniferous bee flora of Lakki Marwat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 18 species, belonging to 13 different families were identified for the foraging activities of honeybees, namely, Cenchrus biflorus, Cestrum nocturnum, Citrus limon, Combretum indicum, Datura innoxia, Duranta erecta, Hamelia patens, Helianthus annuus, Ipomoea cairica, Luffa aegyptiaca, Nerium oleander, Ocimum basilicum, Parthenium hysterophorus, Pennisetum typhoides, Prosopis cineraria, Prosopis juliflora, Saccharum spontaneum, and Ziziphus jujuba. The identified melliferous flora was collected for the morpho‐palynological investigation. Pollen were acetolyzed, measured, and described qualitatively using light microscopy. The pollen types varied from psilate to echinate and colpi from tricolpate to hexacolpate. Quantitative characteristics including polar diameter, equatorial diameter, polar to equatorial ratio, colpi length, colpi width, spine length, spine width, and exine thickness of the pollen were determined and analyzed statistically using software IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The results of the present study highlighted the significance of pollen morphology of the bee flora of the area which may lead to the identification of the potential and useful botanical sources for beekeepers and to check the honey quality marketed from the study area.
Disorders affecting vitamin B6 metabolism
Authors: Wilson Matthew P. , Plecko Barbara , Mills Philippa B. , Clayton Peter T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVitamin B6 is present in our diet in many forms, however, only pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) can function as a cofactor for enzymes. The intestine absorbs nonphosphorylated B6 vitamers, which are converted by specific enzymes to the active PLP form. The role of PLP is enabled by its reactive aldehyde group. Pathways reliant on PLP include amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolism, folate and 1‐carbon metabolism, protein and polyamine synthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and erythropoiesis. Besides the role of PLP as a cofactor B6 vitamers also play other cellular roles, for example, as antioxidants, modifying expression and action of steroid hormone receptors, affecting immune function, as chaperones and as an antagonist of Adenosine‐5'‐triphosphate (ATP) at P2 purinoceptors. Because of the vital role of PLP in neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly synthesis of the inhibitory transmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid, it is not surprising that various inborn errors leading to PLP deficiency manifest as B6‐responsive epilepsy, usually of early onset. This includes pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase deficiency (a disorder affecting PLP synthesis and recycling), disorders affecting PLP import into the brain (hypophosphatasia and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis defects), a disorder of an intracellular PLP‐binding protein (PLPBP, previously named PROSC) and disorders where metabolites accumulate that inactivate PLP, for example, ALDH7A1 deficiency and hyperprolinaemia type II. Patients with these disorders can show rapid control of seizures in response to either pyridoxine and/or PLP with a lifelong dependency on supraphysiological vitamin B6 supply. The clinical and biochemical features of disorders leading to B6‐responsive seizures and the treatment of these disorders are described in this review.
Combining MALDI‐2 and transmission geometry laser optics to achieve high sensitivity for ultra‐high spatial resolution surface analysis
Authors: Spivey Eric C. , McMillen Josiah C. , Ryan Daniel J. , Spraggins Jeffrey M. , Caprioli Richard M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA transmission geometry optical configuration allows for smaller laser spot size to facilitate high‐resolution matrix‐assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. This increase in spatial resolution (ie, smaller laser spot size) is often associated with a decrease in analyte signal. MALDI‐2 is a post‐ionization technique, which irradiates ions and neutrals generated in the initial MALDI plume with a second orthogonal laser pulse, and has been shown to improve sensitivity. Herein, we have modified a commercial Orbitrap mass spectrometer to incorporate a transmission geometry MALDI source with MALDI‐2 capabilities to improve sensitivity at higher spatial resolutions.
2018 international consensus meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the biofilm workgroup and consensus on biofilm related musculoskeletal infections
Authors: Saeed Kordo , McLaren Alex C. , Schwarz Edward M. , Antoci Valentin , Arnold William V. , Chen Antonia F. , Clauss Martin , Esteban Jaime , Gant Vanya , Hendershot Edward , Hickok Noreen , Higuera Carlos A. , Coraça‐Huber Débora C. , Choe Hyonmin , Jennings Jessica A. , Joshi Manjari , Li William T. , Noble Philip C. , Phillips K. Scott , Pottinger Paul S. , Restrepo Camilo , Rohde Holger , Schaer Thomas P. , Shen Hao , Smeltzer Mark , Stoodley Paul , Webb Jason C. J. , Witsø Eivind 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBiofilm‐associated implant‐related bone and joint infections are clinically important due to the extensive morbidity, cost of care and socioeconomic burden that they cause. Research in the field of biofilms has expanded in the past two decades, however, there is still an immense knowledge gap related to many clinical challenges of these biofilm‐associated infections. This subject was assigned to the Biofilm Workgroup during the second International Consensus Meeting on Musculoskeletal Infection held in Philadelphia USA (ICM 2018) (https://icmphilly.com). The main objective of the Biofilm Workgroup was to prepare a consensus document based on a review of the literature, prepared responses, discussion, and vote on thirteen biofilm related questions. The Workgroup commenced discussing and refining responses prepared before the meeting on day one using Delphi methodology, followed by a tally of responses using an anonymized voting system on the second day of ICM 2018. The Working group derived consensus on information about biofilms deemed relevant to clinical practice, pertaining to: (1) surface modifications to prevent/inhibit biofilm formation; (2) therapies to prevent and treat biofilm infections; (3) polymicrobial biofilms; (4) diagnostics to detect active and dormant biofilm in patients; (5) methods to establish minimal biofilm eradication concentration for biofilm bacteria; and (6) novel anti‐infectives that are effective against biofilm bacteria. It was also noted that biomedical research funding agencies and the pharmaceutical industry should recognize these areas as priorities. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res