bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Desmosine and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease
Authors: Mordi Ify R. , Forsythe Rachael O. , Gellatly Corry , Iskandar Zaid , McBride Olivia M. , Saratzis Athanasios , Chalmers Rod , Chin Calvin , Bown Matthew J. , Newby David E. , Lang Chim C. , Huang Jeffrey T. J. , Choy Anna‐Maria 
Published: October 2019

Background
It is recognized that factors beyond aortic size are important in predicting outcome in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. AAA is characterized by the breakdown of elastin within the aortic tunica media, leading to aortic dilatation and rupture. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of plasma desmosine (pDES), an elastin‐specific degradation product, with disease severity and clinical outcome in patients with AAA.

Methods and Results

We measured pDES and serum biomarker concentrations in 507 patients with AAAs (94% men; mean age, 72.4±6.1 years; mean AAA diameter, 48±8 mm) and 162 control subjects (100% men; mean age, 71.5±4.4 years) from 2 observational cohort studies. In the longitudinal cohort study (n=239), we explored the incremental prognostic value of pDES on AAA events. pDES was higher in patients with AAA compared with control subjects (mean±SD: 0.46±0.22 versus 0.33±0.16 ng/mL;
P
<0.001) and had the strongest correlation with AAA diameter (
r
=0.39;
P
<0.0001) of any serum biomarker. After adjustment for baseline AAA diameter, pDES was associated with an AAA event (hazard ratio, 2.03 per SD increase [95% CI, 1.02–4.02];
P
=0.044). In addition to AAA diameter, pDES provided incremental improvement in risk stratification (continuous net reclassification improvement, 34.4% [95% CI, −10.8% to 57.5%;
P
=0.09]; integrated discrimination improvement, 0.04 [95% CI, 0.00–0.15;
P
=0.050]).

Conclusions
pDES concentrations predict disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients with AAA.

Clinical Trial Registration

http://
www.isrctn.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN76413758.
Does Chronic Kidney Disease Predict Stroke Risk Independent of Blood Pressure?
Authors: Kelly Dearbhla M. , Rothwell Peter M. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Chronic kidney disease is strongly associated with stroke with various purported mechanisms proposed. Low glomerular filtration rate appears to be a risk factor for stroke independent of cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological studies, but there has been no systematic assessment of the impact of more complete adjustment for blood pressure on the association.

Methods—

We did a systematic review to February 2018 (MEDLINE/EMBASE) for cohort studies or randomized controlled trials that reported stroke incidence in adults according to baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate. Study and participant characteristics and relative risks (RR) were extracted. Estimates were combined using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by x
2
statistics and
I
2
and by subgroup strata and meta-regression.

Results—

We identified 168 studies reporting data on 5 611 939 participants with 115 770 stroke outcomes. Eighty-five studies (3 417 098 participants; 72 996 strokes) provided adequate data for meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate and stroke risk. Incident stroke risk was increased among participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(RR=1.73; 95% CI, 1.57–1.90;
P
<0.001), but there was substantial heterogeneity between studies (
P
<0.0001;
I
2
, 78.5%). Moreover, the association was reduced after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, with progressive attenuation on more thorough adjustment for hypertension: single baseline blood pressure measure (RR=1.63; CI, 1.34–1.99;
P
<0.001); history or treated hypertension (RR=1.35; CI, 1.24–1.46;
P
<0.001); multiple blood pressure measurements over months to years (RR=1.10; CI, 1.02–1.18;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions—
The association between chronic kidney disease and stroke appears to be highly dependent on the method of adjustment for hypertension. The apparently independent relationship between chronic kidney disease and stroke may be confounded by their shared association with long-term prior blood pressure.
Brain Damage Associated with Impaired Sentence Processing in Acute Aphasia
Authors: Kristinsson Sigfus , Thors Helga , Yourganov Grigori , Magnusdottir Sigridur , Hjaltason Haukur , Stark Brielle C. , Basilakos Alexandra , den Ouden Dirk-Bart , Bonilha Leo , Rorden Chris , Hickok Gregory , Hillis Argye , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Left-hemisphere brain damage commonly affects patients' abilities to produce and comprehend syntactic structures, a condition typically referred to as “agrammatism.” The neural correlates of agrammatism remain disputed in the literature, and distributed areas have been implicated as important predictors of performance, for example, Broca's area, anterior temporal areas, and temporo-parietal areas. We examined the association between damage to specific language-related ROIs and impaired syntactic processing in acute aphasia. We hypothesized that damage to the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and not Broca's area, would predict syntactic processing abilities. One hundred four individuals with acute aphasia (&lt;20 days poststroke) were included in the study. Structural MRI scans were obtained, and all participants completed a 45-item sentence–picture matching task. We performed an ROI-based stepwise regression analyses to examine the relation between cortical brain damage and impaired comprehension of canonical and noncanonical sentences. Damage to the posterior middle temporal gyrus was the strongest predictor for overall task performance and performance on noncanonical sentences. Damage to the angular gyrus was the strongest predictor for performance on canonical sentences, and damage to the posterior superior temporal gyrus predicted noncanonical scores when performance on canonical sentences was included as a cofactor. Overall, our models showed that damage to temporo-parietal and posterior temporal areas was associated with impaired syntactic comprehension. Our results indicate that the temporo-parietal area is crucially implicated in complex syntactic processing, whereas the role of Broca's area may be complementary.
Low intrasexual competitiveness and decreasing testosterone in human males (Homo sapiens): the adaptive meaning
Authors: Borráz-León Javier I. , Cerda-Molina Ana Lilia , Rantala Markus J. , Mayagoitia-Novales Lilian , Contreras-Garduño Jorge 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of indirect mechanisms of intrasexual competition (e.g., visual identification of possible rivals) could be related to personality traits such as aggressiveness and self-esteem. However, the study of endocrine changes associated to indirect mechanisms of intrasexual competition is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in testosterone levels after a rival choice test in men and how intrasexual competitiveness, aggressiveness, and self-esteem modulate these changes. A group of 160 healthy men answered four personality questionnaires, participated in a rival choice test, and donated saliva samples to measure the changes in their testosterone levels. We found a significant decrease in testosterone levels of men with lower intrasexual competitiveness, but testosterone levels remained stables in competitive men. Non-significant results were found for aggressiveness and self-esteem. These decreases in testosterone levels could be interpreted as an adaptation aimed to reduce costs in male-male contests in Western modern societies.
A new genus of the Monstrilloida (Copepoda) with large rostral process and metasomal spines, and redescription of Monstrilla spinosa Park, 1967
Authors: Suárez-Morales E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The genus Monstrilla Dana, 1849 is one of the most diverse of the copepod order Monstrilloida and has a worldwide distribution. A new genus, Spinomonstrilla n. gen. is proposed for Monstrilla spinosa Park, 1967 from Canada and California. Spinomonstrilla spinosa (Park, 1970), formerly M. spinosa, the type species of the new genus, is redescribed from type specimens. The new genus shows a unique set of conspicuous characters in both males and females that clearly diverge from all other monstrilloids. It can be recognized by the presence of a large rostral process and paired dorsal metasomal spiniform processes; the female antennule structure and setation diverge from the usual monstrilloid pattern; its body shows a unique ornamentation pattern. These characters allow an easy recognition of members of Spinomonstrilla from all other Monstrilloida.
Kristeva’s Rewriting of Totem and Taboo and Religious Fundamentalism
Authors: Oliver Kelly 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With the upsurge in various forms of religion, especially dogmatic forms that kill in the name of good versus evil, there is an urgent need for intellectuals to acknowledge and analyze the role of religion in contemporary culture and politics. If there is to be any hope for peace, we need to understand how and why religion becomes the justification for violence. In a world where religious intolerance is growing, and the divide between the secular and the religious seems to be expanding, Julia Kristeva’s writings bridge the gap and once again provide a path where others have seen only an impasse. Her approach is unique in its insistent attempt to understand the violence both contained and unleashed by religion. Moreover, she rearticulates a notion of the sacred apart from religious dogmatism, a sense of the sacred that is precisely lacking in fundamentalism.
Evolution of Oceanic Near-Surface Stratification in Response to an Autumn Storm
Authors: Lucas Natasha S. , Grant Alan L. M. , Rippeth Tom P. , Polton Jeff A. , Palmer Matthew R. , Brannigan Liam , Belcher Stephen E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the processes that control the evolution of the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) is a prerequisite for obtaining accurate simulations of air–sea fluxes of heat and trace gases. Observations of the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (ε), temperature, salinity, current structure, and wave field over a period of 9.5 days in the northeast Atlantic during the Ocean Surface Mixing, Ocean Submesoscale Interaction Study (OSMOSIS) are presented. The focus of this study is a storm that passed over the observational area during this period. The profiles of ε in the OSBL are consistent with profiles from large-eddy simulation (LES) of Langmuir turbulence. In the transition layer (TL), at the base of the OSBL, ε was found to vary periodically at the local inertial frequency. A simple bulk model of the OSBL and a parameterization of shear driven turbulence in the TL are developed. The parameterization of ε is based on assumptions about the momentum balance of the OSBL and shear across the TL. The predicted rate of deepening, heat budget, and the inertial currents in the OSBL were in good agreement with the observations, as is the agreement between the observed value of ε and that predicted using the parameterization. A previous study reported spikes of elevated dissipation related to enhanced wind shear alignment at the base of the OSBL after this storm. The spikes in dissipation are not predicted by this new parameterization, implying that they are not an important source of dissipation during the storm.
Topographic Control of Southern Ocean Gyres and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Barotropic Perspective
Authors: Patmore Ryan D. , Holland Paul R. , Munday David R. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Stevens David P. , Meredith Michael P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the Southern Ocean the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is significantly steered by large topographic features, and subpolar gyres form in their lee. The geometry of topographic features in the Southern Ocean is highly variable, but the influence of this variation on the large-scale flow is poorly understood. Using idealized barotropic simulations of a zonal channel with a meridional ridge, it is found that the ridge geometry is important for determining the net zonal volume transport. A relationship is observed between ridge width and volume transport that is determined by the form stress generated by the ridge. Gyre formation is also highly reliant on the ridge geometry. A steep ridge allows gyres to form within regions of unblocked geostrophic (f/H) contours, with an increase in gyre strength as the ridge width is reduced. These relationships among ridge width, gyre strength, and net zonal volume transport emerge to simultaneously satisfy the conservation of momentum and vorticity.
Epidemiological characteristics of subsyndromal depression in late life
Authors: Oh Dae Jong , Han Ji Won , Kim Tae Hui , Kwak Kyung Phil , Kim Bong Jo , Kim Shin Gyeom , Kim Jeong Lan , Moon Seok Woo , Park Joon Hyuk , Ryu Seung-Ho , Youn Jong Chul , Lee Dong Young , Lee Dong Woo , Lee Seok Bum , Lee Jung Jae , Jhoo Jin Hyeong , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:Subsyndromal depression is prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in late life, but its epidemiological characteristics have barely been investigated. The aim of this prospective cohort study is to compare the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of subsyndromal depression with those of syndromal depression including major and minor depressive disorders in community-dwelling elderly individuals.Methods:In a nationwide community-based study of randomly sampled Korean elderly population aged 60 years or older ( N = 6640), depression was assessed with standardized diagnostic interviews. At baseline and at 2-year and 4-year follow-ups, the authors diagnosed subsyndromal depression by the operational criteria and syndromal depression by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnostic criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for incident depression.Results:The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rate of subsyndromal depression was 9.24% (95% confidence interval = [8.54, 9.93]), which was 2.4-fold higher than that of syndromal depression. The incidence rate of subsyndromal depression was 21.70 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval = [19.29, 24.12]), which was fivefold higher than that of syndromal depression. The prevalence to incidence ratio of subsyndromal depression was about half that of syndromal depression. The risk for subsyndromal depression was associated with female gender, low socioeconomic status, poor social support and poor sleep quality, while that of syndromal depression was associated with old age and less exercise.Conclusion:Subsyndromal depression should be validated as a clinical diagnostic entity, at least in late life, since it has epidemiological characteristics different from those of syndromal depression.
The Concept of Skeletal Age
Authors: Johnston Francis E. 
Published: October 2019

The uniqueness of the individual child is a biological fact that is readily recognized by students of child development. The applications of concepts based upon this realization involves the use of methods and technics which allow for the expression of this individuality. One can evaluate bio-physiological development in terms of the progressive maturation of the skeleton. The result is known, generally, as skeletal age, in which the two variables, biological and chronological age, are related. The application of this principle permits a comprehensive assessment of growth status and growth potential in a particular child. Skeletal age is an excellent means of expressing the growth age of a child; at the very least it is a valuable adjunct. At more specific levels, accurate estimates of adult stature can be obtained from the hand-wrist x-ray. Incomplete research indicates that other growth variables may be more confidently predicted, also. This ability to predict can be of distinct aid to those who work with children, and has applications in both physical and behavioral areas of study.
Reiter's Syndrome in Children: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Margileth Andrew M. 
Published: October 2019

1. Our experience with a six-year-old boy who had diarrhea, urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis is presented as a classical case of Reiter's syndrome. The patient recovered fully in a period of five months and has remained well during the past five years. 2. The cause of Reiter's syndrome remains unknown but in children may be related to Flexner bacillus dysentery. 3. The disease in children is usually less severe than in adults and all 11 children reported have recovered. The recent literature is reviewed. 4. Treatment with antibiotics is of no value and steroid therapy has not prevented exacerbations nor shortened the course of the disease. 5. The nongonococcal triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis is a distinct clinicopathologic entity which differs from known infections and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
The contribution of Dutch doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine to research in global health in low- and middle-income countries: an exploration of the evidence
Authors: Mooij Rob , Jurgens Esther MJ , van Dillen Jeroen , Stekelenburg Jelle 
Published: October 2019

Results from medical research from high-income countries may not apply to low- and middle-income countries. Some expatriate physicians combine clinical duties with research. We present global health research conducted by Dutch medical doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine in low- and middle-income countries and explore the value of their research. We included all research conducted in the last 30 years by medical doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine in a low- and middle-income country, resulting in a PhD thesis. Articles and co-authors were found through Medline. More than half of the 18 identified PhD theses concerned maternal health and obstetrics, and the majority of the research was conducted in low-income countries, mostly in rural hospitals. Over 70 local co-authors were involved. Different aspects of these studies are discussed.
CFD simulations for examining natural ventilation in the learning spaces of an educational building with courtyards in Madurai
Authors: Subhashini S , Thirumaran K 
Published: October 2019

This paper attempts to investigate the potential of courtyards in optimizing natural ventilation and improving comfort levels in the learning spaces of a naturally ventilated educational institution with courtyards in the warm-humid climatic region of Madurai. Field measurements and experimental studies were carried out to predict the indoor and outdoor environmental conditions. The numerical study was carried out using computational fluid dynamics-based simulations using Ansys Fluent as the solver. The main aim of the simulation is to understand the airflow pattern and air velocity fields inside the classrooms surrounding the courtyards for different wind directions. The computational fluid dynamics results were validated by comparing it with the experimental results obtained in the current study and numerical results from other studies. The major findings of the current study suggest that courtyards with an aspect ratio of 1:2, orientations of openings at an angle of 0–20° to the predominant wind directions and the overall percentage of openings between 15 and 30% in buildings in Madurai region can enhance natural ventilation and thus improve thermal comfort of the occupants. Practical application: Naturally ventilated buildings in warm-humid climates have difficulty in providing thermal comfort to the occupants. CFD tools have been used to predict the ventilation performance of a naturally ventilated educational building with courtyards. The CFD results were helpful in identifying the implication of building design on the indoor air flow pattern. The recommendations given in this paper are applicable to any building type which relies on natural ventilation for thermal comfort provided they have similar building configurations, boundary conditions and weather conditions. The study is intended to help architects and building designers in the effective design of naturally ventilated buildings with respect to its climatic conditions.
Anticoagulation therapy could improve the restoration of sinus rhythm and spontaneous circulation in hospital patients with CPR
Authors: Wang Hai , Bai Zheng-Hai , Lv Jun-Hua , Sun Jiang-Li , Shi Yu , Pei Hong-Hong , Zhang Zheng-Liang 
Published: October 2019

Objective To analyse the role of anticoagulation therapy in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) following an in-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods This single-centre retrospective cohort study enrolled patients treated with in-hospital CPR that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into a without anticoagulation group and an anticoagulation group. The main outcome measures were the restoration of spontaneous respiration, restoration of sinus rhythm (ROSR), restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and the hospital mortality. Results The study analysed 344 patients: 272 in the without anticoagulation group and 72 in the anticoagulation group. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that anticoagulation therapy improved ROSR (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 3.96) and ROSC (adjusted OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.08, 3.40), but it did not improve the restoration of spontaneous respiration (adjusted OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.72, 3.76) and hospital survival (adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.40, 1.99). Conclusion Anticoagulation therapy improved ROSR and ROSC, but did not decrease the mortality rate of hospitalized patients undergoing CPR following in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Comparative study of xuesaitong injection and compound salvia miltiorrhizae injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Duan Xiaojiao , Zhang Dan , Wang Kaihuan , Wu Jiarui , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Bing , Gao Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2019

Objective This study was conducted to systematically evaluate the clinical effectiveness of xuesaitong injection (XST) and compound salvia miltiorrhizae injection (CSM) in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods We searched several databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using XST and CSM for the treatment of ACI. Two researchers independently selected the RCTs and extracted information. The quality of included RCTs was evaluated, and then data were analyzed using RevMan5.3 and STATA 12.0 software. Results Twenty-three RCTs that enrolled 2101 participants were included in this study. A meta-analysis showed that XST with routine Western medicine (WM) can achieve a better effect than CSM with WM for the total effective rate ( RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.18–1.27). In addition, XST combined with WM could improve neurological impairment ( MD = −4.65, 95% CI: −7.85 – −1.44) and hemorheological parameters. XST decreased the whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, and plasma fibrinogen. Conclusions For treating ACI, XST combined with WM was more effective than CSM with WM. However, more evidence is needed to support the safety of XST and CSM.