bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoröhren‐Nanobody‐Konjugate als zielgerichtete Sonden und Marker für die In‐vivo‐Nahinfrarot‐Bildgebung
Authors: Mann Florian A. , Lv Zhiyi , Großhans Jörg , Opazo Felipe , Kruss Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFluoreszente Nanomaterialien wie einwandige Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (single‐walled carbon nanotubes, SWCNTs) haben viele photophysikalische Vorteile, können jedoch nur schwer zielgerichtet zu spezifischen Orten in lebenden Systemen gebracht werden. Das grün‐fluoreszierende Protein (GFP) hingegen wurde schon in vielen Zellen und Organismen an Proteine fusioniert und zur Markierung verwendet. In dieser Studie berichten wir über die Konjugation von GFP‐bindenden Nanobodies an DNA‐umwickelte SWCNTs. Dieser Ansatz vereint die Spezifität von GFP‐bindenden Nanobodies mit der nicht‐bleichenden Nahinfrarotfluoreszenz (850–1700 nm) von SWCNTs. Diese Konjugate erlauben es, die Bewegung einzelner Kinesin‐5‐GFP Motorproteine in Drosophila‐Embryos zu verfolgen. Darüber hinaus reagieren die Konjugate auf den Neurotransmitter Dopamin und können so für die zielgerichtete Detektion von Dopamin in nm Konzentrationen genutzt werden.
Facile Generation of Polymer–Alloy Hybrid Layers for Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anodes with Improved Moisture Stability
Authors: Jiang Zhipeng , Jin Liu , Han Zhilong , Hu Wei , Zeng Ziqi , Sun Yulong , Xie Jia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLithium‐metal anodes are recognized as the most promising next‐generation anodes for high‐energy‐storage batteries. However, lithium dendrites lead to irreversible capacity decay in lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). Besides, the strict assembly‐environment conditions of LMBs are regarded as a challenge for practical applications. In this study, a workable lithium‐metal anode with an artificial hybrid layer composed of a polymer and an alloy was designed and prepared by a simple chemical‐modification strategy. Treated lithium anodes remained dendrite‐free for over 1000 h in a Li–Li symmetric cell and exhibited outstanding cycle performance in high‐areal‐loading Li–S and Li–LiFePO4 full cells. Moreover, the treated lithium showed improved moisture stability that benefits from the hydrophobicity of the polymer, thus retaining good electrochemical performance after exposure to humid air.
Acyclic Janus‐AT Nucleoside Host Channels Precisely Lock Water into Single‐File Wires with Local Rotational Flexibility
Authors: Zhou Xinglong , Shen Zhen , Ma Beibei , Xia Zhenqiang , Chai Yingying , Ju Xiaojie , Chu Liangyin , Huang Ridong , Chen Hai , Li Weimin , He Yang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConfining polar water molecules to particular geometries demands sophisticated intermolecular interactions, and not many small synthetic molecules have accomplished such a task. Herein, regioisomeric acyclic Janus‐AT nucleosides (1 and 2), with a self‐complementary fused genetic alphabet and conformationally flexible side chains, have been selectively synthesized. 1 and 2 adopt disparate base‐pair motifs from the π–π stacked hydrophobic base moieties and distinct hydrogen bond (HB) interconnections from the hydrophilic sugar residues, which in turn lead to divergent, intricate intermolecular interaction networks with different capacities to confine water molecules. Under the precise control of the host framework of the N8‐regioisomer, separate ordered single‐file water wires can be locked through special three‐HB clamps into unique inter‐ and intra‐wire geometrical alignments. Localized dynamic synchronized rotations within the fixed framework coordinated by both the host hydroxy groups and guest water molecules were observed in a temperature‐induced reversible single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transition (SCSCT).
α‐Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds through Oxidative C−C Bond Activation
Authors: Li Jing , Bauer Adriano , Di Mauro Giovanni , Maulide Nuno 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA synthetically useful approach for the direct α‐arylation of carbonyl compounds through a novel oxidative C−C bond activation is reported. This mechanistically unusual process relies on a 1,2‐aryl shift and results in all‐carbon quaternary centers. The transformation displays broad functional‐group tolerance and can in principle also be applied as an asymmetric variant.
Decorated Traditional Zeolites with Subunits of Metal–Organic Frameworks for CH4/N2 Separation
Authors: Wu Yaqi , Yuan Danhua , He Dawei , Xing Jiacheng , Zeng Shu , Xu Shutao , Xu Yunpeng , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOF) materials are promising materials for gas separation, but their application still faces various challenges. A strategy is now reported for introducing subunits of MOFs into traditional zeolite frameworks to obtain applicable adsorbents with advantages of both zeolites and MOFs. The subunits of ZIFs were introduced into zeolite Y and zeolite ZSM‐5 for CH4/N2 separation. Both the molecular simulation and experimental results validated that the IAST CH4/N2 selectivity of the resulting samples greatly improved (above 8, at 100 kPa and 25 °C) with the incorporation of ZIF subunits into zeolites structure, and the selectivities were obviously higher than that of zeolites and even better than that of ZIFs. This strategy not only gave rise to an efficient adsorbent for CH4/N2 separation but also provided ideas for design of other adsorption and separation materials.
Biodiversity value of remnant pools in an intermittent stream during the great California drought
Authors: Bogan Michael T. , Leidy Robert A. , Neuhaus Linnea , Hernandez Christopher J. , Carlson Stephanie M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In many intermittent streams, remnant pools persist after flow ceases and provide refuge for aquatic organisms able to tolerate stagnant water conditions. The conservation value of these pools may be greatly under‐appreciated, especially in regions with a Mediterranean climate, where perennial streams have been substantially modified or disturbed by human activities.
Fish, amphibians, aquatic reptiles, and aquatic invertebrates were sampled from 15 remnant pools and three seeps at Coyote Creek, California, USA, in the late summer of 2014, during the height of the most intense drought that California has experienced in 500 years. Patterns of vertebrate and invertebrate species richness and community composition were compared with abiotic factors (e.g. water quality and habitat size).
Thirteen vertebrate species and 172 invertebrate taxa were identified from remnant pools and seeps. Overall vertebrate richness and composition were not correlated with abiotic factors, but fish species richness increased with remnant pool size and depth. Invertebrate taxon richness increased with pool size. Invertebrate community composition differed by habitat type (pool versus seep) and gradients in composition were correlated with several abiotic factors (e.g. pool size, substrate, and canopy cover).
Remnant pools at Coyote Creek supported a full assemblage of native fishes and numerous imperilled taxa, including California red‐legged frogs and California floater mussels. Nearly all native fishes and imperilled taxa are absent from artificially perennial and urbanized reaches of Coyote Creek just a few kilometres downstream of the study area.
Remnant pools in intermittent streams should be a focus of conservation efforts in regions with a Mediterranean climate, especially during extreme droughts. Native fauna adapted to harsh intermittent flow regimes can thrive in these habitats, whereas non‐native taxa may fare poorly. Furthermore, remnant pools supported by deep groundwater sources, such as those along geological faults, may provide both ecological refuge and evolutionary refugia for freshwater biota.
Conventional and non conventional body motions modelling and control. Application to the handwriting process
Authors: Abdelkrim Afef , Benrejeb Mohamed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe handwriting process is one of the most important and complex activities of the human body. In recent years, modelling and analyzing and controlling it have received great attention leading to large important motion studies results. This paper attempts to present an overview of recent works about our proposed approaches and other ones to model and control this process. Hence, an overall model of the handwriting process has been proposed and developed by the co‐authors, showing the interest of using the soft computing concepts, namely neural networks and fuzzy logic. The design of this model requires several undertaken steps. Starting from an experimental approach to acquire electromyographic signals and writing positions, different conventional and non conventional models have been proposed. Besides some control strategies have been considered in particular neural and fuzzy approaches in addition to non conventional neural and neuro‐fuzzy Internal Model Control strategy. The proposed global model, inspired from the biological structure system, has been designed and validated through simulation results.
Is greed contagious? Four experimental studies
Authors: Cardella Eric , Kugler Tamar , Anderson Jennifer , Connolly Terry 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDo people become greedier when interacting with others they perceive to be greedy? It has been speculated that greed contagion exits and may have influenced the 2008 financial collapse. We examined this possibility in four experimental studies using a common pool resource dilemma. Specifically, whether participants' second‐round (R2) withdrawal from the common pool was influenced (a) by their assessment of how greedy their opponents' first‐round (R1) withdrawal was, (b) by R1 opponents' reputation for being greedy, (c) by observing past behavior of others in unrelated interactions, and (d) when R1 opponents directly confronted them with an assessment of their own greediness of their R1 withdrawal. In addition, Study 2 examined R2 interactions involving new opponents. Taken together, results suggest that there is contagion of greed. However, the connection appears to be driven by participants adjusting to their opponent's actual behavior, not by their evaluation of the greediness of such behavior. It seems that perceptions of greed do not mediate future behavior and, thus, are not necessarily contagious, but norms of selfish behavior are. In this sense, greed perceptions appear to by epiphenomenal in that they are an incidental by‐product of the behavioral interaction. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest directions for further research.
Validation and optimization of viral clearance in a downstream continuous chromatography setting
Authors: Chiang Meng‐Jung , Pagkaliwangan Mark , Lute Scott , Bolton Glen , Brorson Kurt , Schofield Mark 
Published: May 2019

AbstractContinuous bioprocessing holds the potential to improve product consistency, accelerate productivity, and lower cost of production. However, switching a bioprocess from traditional batch to continuous mode requires surmounting business and regulatory challenges. A key regulatory requirement for all biopharmaceuticals is virus safety, which is assured through a combination of testing and virus clearance through purification unit operations. For continuous processing, unit operations such as capture chromatography have aspects that could be impacted by a change to continuous multicolumn operation, for example, do they clear viruses as well as a traditional batch single column. In this study we evaluate how modifying chromatographic parameters including the linear velocity and resin capacity utilization could impact virus clearance in the context of moving from a single column to multicolumn operation. A Design of Experiment (DoE) approach was taken with two model monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and two bacteriophages used as mammalian virus surrogates. The DoE enabled the identification of best and worst‐case scenario for virus clearance overall. Using these best and worst‐case conditions, virus clearance was tested in single column and multicolumn modes and found to be similar as measured by Log Reduction Values (LRV). The parameters identified as impactful for viral clearance in single column mode were predictive of multicolumn modes. Thus, these results support the hypothesis that the viral clearance capabilities of a multicolumn continuous Protein A system may be evaluated using an appropriately scaled‐down single mode column and equipment.
Mental fatigue assessment may add information after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sörbo Ann , Eiving Ingrid , Löwhagen Hendén Pia , Naredi Silvana , Ljungqvist Johan , Odenstedt Hergès Helena 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMental fatigue, as part of cognitive dysfunction, has been reported to be common after subarachnoid hemorrhage and it significantly affects quality of life.Aims of the StudyThe aim of this study was to assess mental fatigue one year after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and to correlate the degree of mental fatigue to functional outcome assessed with the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE).MethodsOne year after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, the GOSE was assessed and a questionnaire for self‐assessment of mental fatigue, the Mental Fatigue Scale, was distributed to all included patients. The maximum score is 42 and a score of ≥10.5 indicates mental fatigue.ResultsAll patients with GOSE 8, indicating full recovery, had a mental fatigue score of <10.5. A linear correlation between the GOSE and the mental fatigue score was observed (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients with a favorable outcome and GOSE 5–7 could benefit from the assessments of mental fatigue in order to receive satisfactory rehabilitation.
Prognostic impact and periprocedural complications of chronic steroid therapy in patients following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Propensity‐matched analysis from the Japanese OCEAN registry
Authors: Koyama Yutaka , Yamamoto Masanori , Kagase Ai , Tsujimoto Satoshi , Kano Seiji , Shimura Tetsuro , Hosoba Soh , Watanabe Yusuke , Tada Norio , Naganuma Toru , Araki Motoharu , Yamanaka Futoshi , Mizutani Kazuki , Tabata Minoru , Ueno Hiroshi , Takagi Kensuke , Higashimori Akihiro , Shirai Shinichi , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effect of chronic steroid use on periprocedural complications and clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundChronic steroid use increases the risk of periprocedural complications and mortality during surgery.MethodsWe investigated 1,313 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis who underwent transfemoral (TF)‐TAVR using data from a Japanese multicenter registry. The baseline characteristics, periprocedural complications including vascular complications (VCs), access route related VCs, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients in the steroid group and nonsteroid group.ResultsMajor VCs and access route VCs occurred more in the steroid group than in the nonsteroid group (13.4 vs. 5.8%, p = .019; 20.9% vs. 9.8%, p = .004). Especially in the surgical cut‐down group, the rate of access route VCs was differed between the two groups (28.0% vs. 7.5%, p = .003). The 30‐day mortality rates were similar between the two groups (0% vs. 1.4%, p = .39). In the propensity score‐matched model, the higher incidence of major VCs in the steroid group was maintained, although early mortality was similar in the two groups.ConclusionsAlthough chronic steroid therapy is not associated with increased early mortality, chronic steroid use may affect periprocedural VCs and access route VCs mainly due to surgical cut‐down in patients following TF‐TAVR.
Effects of barley yellow dwarf disease on wheat grain quality traits
Authors: Peiris Kamaranga H. S. , Bowden Robert L. , Todd Timothy C. , Bockus William W. , Davis Mark A. , Dowell Floyd E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesBarley yellow dwarf (BYD) is an important aphid‐vectored viral disease of wheat. Grain samples were obtained from a previously reported integrated pest management (IPM) field plot experiment that was designed to test the effects of planting dates, cultivars, and insecticide treatments on BYD incidence and wheat yields over 4 years in Kansas, USA. In the current study, the effect of BYD on grain quality traits was estimated by comparing untreated plots that had varying levels of BYD to healthy control plots that received repeated insecticide treatments. Additional grain samples were compared from Tagged Tillers of visually healthy and symptomatic plants.FindingsFor IPM Plots, interactions between insecticide treatments and cultivars were not significant (α = 0.05). The effect of BYD on protein content (PC), starch content (SC), average kernel weight (AKW), and yield was a relative percent gain or loss of +3.7%, −1.0%, −6.4%, and −12.6%, respectively, averaged over all experimental factors and years. Linear critical point models were developed to estimate the percent gain or loss relative to healthy controls as a function of BYD incidence. For each percentage of BYD incidence, BYD increased PC by 0.284%, decreased SC by 0.063%, decreased AKW by 0.314%, and decreased grain yield by 0.664%. Similar magnitudes of effects of BYD were estimated from Tagged Tiller samples. There were distinct, non‐overlapping distributions for healthy versus symptomatic Tagged Tillers for PC and SC for four of six cultivars. However, two cultivars had overlapping distributions for healthy versus symptomatic samples, suggesting they had resistance or physiological tolerance to BYD.ConclusionsNatural infection with BYD significantly increased PC and decreased SC, AKW, and yields of wheat. The increase in PC was probably due to the concentrating effect of decreased SC and AKW. Critical point models were developed to predict the impact of varying levels of BYD on these parameters. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement of PC and SC of diseased versus healthy samples has potential to identify wheat lines with resistance or tolerance to BYD.Significance and noveltyThis is the first report of the effect of BYD on wheat starch content and confirms the effect on average kernel weight and protein content. This is the first report of simple models to predict grain quality changes as a function of BYD incidence. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement of grain PC and SC from plants with BYD may offer wheat breeding programs a rapid and objective selection method for improved resistance or physiological tolerance to BYD.
Effect of Metal‐Support Interactions in Mixed Co/Al Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Horlyck Jonathan , Sara Marina , Lovell Emma C. , Amal Rose , Scott Jason 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComposite Co/Al oxide materials were prepared via flame spray pyrolysis and examined as catalysts for the dry reforming of methane. The interaction between the metal (Co) and the support (Al‐oxide) was regulated by varying the Co : Al ratio and its influence on catalyst performance studied. The synthesis of materials with a Co content of 30 mol % (Co3Al7) promoted the formation of readily reduced and highly‐dispersed Co particles. This, in combination with a high relative surface basicity, contributed to Co3Al7 delivering a high and stable activity towards the dry reforming reaction. The formation of bulk Co3O4 particles, which exhibit weak interactions with the support material, in samples with a Co content of 50 (Co5Al5) and 70 mol % (Co7Al3) caused rapid catalyst deactivation via coking. The findings demonstrate the importance of metal‐support interactions between the Co catalyst and Al‐oxide support for the activity and selectivity in the dry reforming of methane. Highly dispersed Co deposits and high support basicity, induced by an ideal FSP Co : Al synthesis ratio, are key to delivering an active and stable catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.
An Unusual Exchange Mechanism in the Tafel Reaction on Pt(110)‐(1×1) Surfaces
Authors: He Zheng‐Da , Chen Yan‐Xia , Juarez Fernanda , Santos Elizabeth , Schmickler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExperiments suggest that on Pt(110) the Tafel reaction is the rate determining step in hydrogen evolution. We investigate the kinetics of this step on the unreconstructed surface by a combination of density functional theory and grand‐canonical Monte Carlo simulations. We identify two favorable reaction paths: The recombination of a hydrogen atom adsorbed on a bridge site with one adsorbed on top, and an exchange mechanism involving two hydrogen atoms adsorbed on top and one adsorbed on a bridge site. The latter results in a transfer coefficient of two in agreement with experiment, and seems to be the dominant step.
The Quest for Molecular Grippers: Photo‐Electric Control of Molecular Gripping Machinery
Authors: Milić Jovana V. , Diederich François 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe quest for nanoscale molecular machines has inspired the search for their close relatives, molecular grippers. This path was paved by the development of resorcin[4]arene cavitands and their quinone‐based redox‐active congeners. In this Concept article, the efforts to design and establish the control of quinone‐functionalized resorcin[4]arenes by electronic and electromagnetic stimuli is described. This was achieved by relying on paramagnetic semiquinone radical anions formed electrochemically or by photoredox catalysis. The gripper‐like motion of such species could not be studied by conventional NMR spectroscopy. Instead, an entirely different approach had to be developed that included various electroanalytical and spectroelectrochemical methods, including UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry, pulsed EPR and Davies 1H ENDOR spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and time‐resolved luminescence measurements, besides density functional theory calculations and X‐ray crystallography. The conceptual breakthroughs are reviewed as well as the current state and future perspectives of photoredox‐switchable molecular grippers.
A Histidine Residue and a Tetranuclear Cuprous‐thiolate Cluster Dominate the Copper Loading Landscape of a Copper Storage Protein from Streptomyces lividans
Authors: Straw Megan L. , Hough Michael A. , Wilson Michael T. , Worrall Jonathan A. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe chemical basis for protecting organisms against the toxic effect imposed by excess cuprous ions is to constrain this through high‐affinity binding sites that use cuprous‐thiolate coordination chemistry. In bacteria, a family of cysteine rich four‐helix bundle proteins utilise thiolate chemistry to bind up to 80 cuprous ions. These proteins have been termed copper storage proteins (Csp). The present study investigates cuprous ion loading to the Csp from Streptomyces lividans (SlCsp) using a combination of X‐ray crystallography, site‐directed mutagenesis and stopped‐flow reaction kinetics with either aquatic cuprous ions or a chelating donor. We illustrate that at low cuprous ion concentrations, copper is loaded exclusively into an outer core region of SlCsp via one end of the four‐helix bundle, facilitated by a set of three histidine residues. X‐ray crystallography reveals the existence of polynuclear cuprous‐thiolate clusters culminating in the assembly of a tetranuclear [Cu4(μ2‐S‐Cys)4(Νδ1‐His)] cluster in the outer core. As more cuprous ions are loaded, the cysteine lined inner core of SlCsp fills with cuprous ions but in a fluxional and dynamic manner with no evidence for the assembly of further intermediate polynuclear cuprous‐thiolate clusters as observed in the outer core. Using site‐directed mutagenesis a key role for His107 in the efficient loading of cuprous ions from a donor is established. A model of copper loading to SlCsp is proposed and discussed.