bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nye bruksmønstre i et tobakksmarked i endring – kombinert bruk av sigaretter, snus og e-sigaretter blant ungdom
Authors: Lundberg Camilla Stub , Kvaavik Elisabeth , Tokle Rikke 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: There is limited research on combined use of cigarettes, snus and e-cigarettes in the Nordic countries. This study will investigate whether this pattern of use occurs among adolescents in Norway. In addition, we will investigate the association between combined use of several tobacco products, e-cigarettes and socio-demographic and psychosocial factors (SPF). Method: A school-based cross-sectional survey of adolescents in the 8th to the 12th grade ( N = 875) in 2014. Information on the use of cigarettes, snus, e-cigarettes and SPF was collected using an electronic questionnaire. Results: Of the adolescents, 31% reported having tried or used one or more tobacco product and/or e-cigarette. Of these, over half reported having tried or used one product, 1/3 two products and 1/10 three products. There were more boys among poly-users (63%) than among single-users (44%). Compared to single-users, poly-users also reported weaker school performance (30% and 11%, respectively), more often reported drinking alcohol to intoxication (91% and 75%, respectively), and having tried cannabis (28% and 9%, respectively). Poly-users also scored higher on impulsivity, sensation-seeking and depression. Conclusion: The study shows that combined use of tobacco products and e-cigarettes occurs among young people in Norway. Such use was associated with psychosocial and socio-demographic risk factors. There is a need to investigate this phenomenon in more details in representative samples.
The Glycosaminoglycan Content of Hip Cartilage in Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head: Evaluation with Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage
Authors: Zhang Qidong , Guo Wanshou , Chen Yan , Zhao Qichao , Liu Zhaohui , Wang Weiguo 
Published: October 2018

Objective Hip cartilage quality is essential for the success of joint-preserving surgery for osteonecrosis. This study aimed to characterize cartilage changes in osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) using delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). Design Fifteen asymptomatic (control) and 60 ONFH subjects were included in this study. The ONFH subjects were stratified in accordance with the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification ( n = 15 hips per ARCO stage). All participant hips were investigated using dGEMRIC and theT1Gd data were collected and analyzed. Results T1Gd value was significantly lower in the ONFH group (365.1 ± 90.5 ms; range 200-498 ms) compared with the control group (546.1 ± 26.0 ms; range 504-580 ms) ( P < 0.001). The T1Gd values of ARCO stage I-IV ONFH were 460.2 ± 17.3 ms (439-498 ms), 408.9 ± 43.4 ms (337-472 ms), 359.9 ± 34.5 ms (303-412 ms), 231.5 ± 15.1 ms (200-253 ms), respectively. Decreased T1Gd value was found to correlate significantly with increased ONFH severity ( P < 0.001). T1Gd value in collapse stage was significantly lower than that of noncollapse stage (295.7 ± 70.3 ms [range 200-412 ms] vs. 434.6 ± 41.7 ms [range 337-498 ms]; P < 0.001). Conclusions dGEMRIC identified hip cartilage as abnormal in ONFH, even at early-stage, as represented by decreased T1Gd, and this was further aggravated by ONFH collapse.
Are anticoagulants still indicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension?
Authors: Olschewski Horst , Rich Stuart 
Published: October 2018

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a type of pulmonary hypertension that is a progressive, fatal disease. Multiple underlying mechanisms for PAH have been identified, including vasoconstriction, intimal proliferation, medial hypertrophy, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and in situ thrombosis. Because it is an uncommon disease, it has been challenging to identify a specific treatment that targets the dominant disease mechanism in a given patient. Early success demonstrating that some patients (approximately 10%) possess pulmonary vasoreactivity at diagnosis has driven the development of pulmonary vasodilators as the mainstay of treatment. However, while they improve exercise tolerance in clinical trials, their effect on survival is limited. Therapies that target underlying disease mechanisms that affect a majority of patients are clearly needed if we are to significantly improve overall survival.In the actual guidelines, chronic anticoagulation is no longer recommended in patients with idiopathic, hereditary, and drug‐induced PAH although there is much indirect evidence for this.There are data from over 40 years which include: (1) pathology studies showing the presence of thrombotic lesions in a majority of patients with PAH, both idiopathic and associated with many other conditions; (2) a similar frequency of thrombotic lesions in patients treated with pulmonary vasodilators as was seen in the years before their use; (3) mechanistic studies showing that procoagulant conditions predispose to the development of intraluminal thrombosis that contributes to vascular remodeling and the progressive nature of the pathologic changes; and (4) observational studies that, with one exception, have demonstrated a substantial survival advantage in patients with PAH treated with oral anticoagulation.Acknowledging that no prospective randomized trial with anticoagulants has ever been done, we recommend a pragmatic approach to the use of anticoagulants in PAH. We suggest that the risks and benefits of chronic anticoagulation be considered in individual patients, and that warfarin be prescribed in patients with PAH, unless they have an increased risk of bleeding.The question of whether direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) would provide the same benefit as vitamin K antagonists is valid, but presently there are no data at all regarding their use in PAH. However, in patients with PAH in whom warfarin anticoagulation management proves problematic, it is reasonable to switch the patient to a DOAC as is current practice for other conditions.
Predicting 3-Year Survival in Patients Receiving Maintenance Dialysis: An External Validation of iChoose Kidney in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Tan Vivian S. , Garg Amit X. , McArthur Eric , Patzer Rachel E. , Gander Jennifer , Roshanov Pavel , Kim S. Joseph , Knoll Greg A. , Yohanna Seychelle , McCallum Megan K. , Naylor Kyla L. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Many patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) do not appreciate how their survival may differ if treated with a kidney transplant compared with dialysis. A risk calculator (iChoose Kidney) developed and validated in the United States provides individualized mortality estimates for different treatment options (dialysis vs living or deceased donor kidney transplantation). The calculator can be used with patients and families to help patients make more educated treatment decisions. Objective: To validate the iChoose Kidney risk calculator in Ontario, Canada. Design: External validation study. Setting: We used several linked administrative health care databases from Ontario, Canada. Patients: We included 22 520 maintenance dialysis patients and 4505 kidney transplant recipients. Patients entered the cohort between 2004 and 2014. Measurements: Three-year all-cause mortality. Methods: We assessed model discrimination using the C-statistic. We assessed model calibration by comparing the observed versus predicted mortality risk and by using smoothed calibration plots. We used multivariable logistic regression modeling to recalibrate model intercepts using a correction factor, when appropriate. Results: In our final version of the iChoose Kidney model, we included the following variables: age (18-80 years), sex (male, female), race (white, black, other), time on dialysis (<6 months, 6-12 months, >12 months), and patient comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and/or cardiovascular disease). Over the 3-year follow-up period, 33.3% of dialysis patients and 6.2% of kidney transplant recipients died. The discriminatory ability was moderate (C-statistic for dialysis: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-0.70, and C-statistic for transplant: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.69-0.75). The 3-year observed and predicted mortality estimates were comparable and even more so after we recalibrated the intercepts in 2 of our models (dialysis and deceased donor kidney transplantation). As done in the United States, we developed a Canadian Web site and an iOS application called Dialysis vs. Kidney Transplant- Estimated Survival in Ontario. Limitations: Missing data in our databases precluded the inclusion of all variables that were in the original iChoose Kidney (ie, patient ethnicity and low albumin). We were unable to perform all preplanned analyses due to the limited sample size. Conclusions: The original iChoose Kidney risk calculator was able to adequately predict mortality in this Canadian (Ontario) cohort of ESKD patients. After minor modifications, the predictive accuracy improved. The Dialysis vs. Kidney Transplant- Estimated Survival in Ontario risk calculator may be a valuable resource to help ESKD patients make an informed decision on pursuing kidney transplantation.
Microprocessor knees with ‘standing support’ and articulating, hydraulic ankles improve balance control and inter-limb loading during quiet standing
Authors: McGrath Michael , Laszczak Piotr , Zahedi Saeed , Moser David 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Trans-femoral amputees are at risk of musculoskeletal problems that are in part caused by loading asymmetry during activities, such as prolonged standing, particularly on uneven or sloped ground. Methods Four prosthetic conditions were tested; microprocessor knee ‘standing support’ mode activated (ON) and deactivated (OFF), combined with a rigidly attached foot (RA) and with an articulating, hydraulic ankle-foot (HA). Five trans-femoral amputees and five able-bodied controls were measured using a motion capture system and a force plate while standing, facing down a 5° slope. Ground reaction force distributions and centre-of-pressure root-mean-square (COP RMS) were calculated as outcome measures. Results Compensatory kinematic adjustments were observed for RA conditions but not for HA conditions. HA-OFF reduced ground reaction force degree-of-asymmetry for all five amputees, compared to RA-OFF. RA-ON reduced ground reaction force degree-of-asymmetry for four amputees, compared to RA-OFF. In terms of balance, the HA conditions reduced the mean inter-limb COP RMS by 24–25% compared to equivalent RA conditions, while ON conditions reduced it by 9–11%, compared to equivalent OFF conditions. Conclusions It is important to consider both prosthetic knee and ankle technologies when prescribing devices to trans-femoral amputees. The combination of hydraulic ankle and knee standing support technologies produced outcomes closest to normal biomechanics.
Effects of Advanced Cardiac Procedure Simulator Training on Learning and Performance in Cardiovascular Medicine Fellows
Authors: Young Michael N , Markley Roshanak , Leo Troy , Coffin Samuel , Davidson Mario A , Salloum Joseph , Mendes Lisa A , Damp Julie B 
Published: October 2018

Background: Simulation-based training has been used in medical training environments to facilitate the learning of surgical and minimally invasive techniques. We hypothesized that integration of a procedural simulation curriculum into a cardiology fellowship program may be educationally beneficial. Methods: We conducted an 18-month prospective study of cardiology trainees at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Two consecutive classes of first-year fellows (n = 17) underwent a teaching protocol facilitated by simulated cases and equipment. We performed knowledge and skills evaluations for 3 procedures (transvenous pacing [TVP] wire, intra-aortic balloon pump [IABP], and pericardiocentesis [PC]). The index class of fellows was reevaluated at 18 months postintervention to measure retention. Using nonparametric statistical tests, we compared assessments of the intervention group, at the time of intervention and 18 months, with those of third-year fellows (n = 7) who did not receive simulator-based training. Results: Compared with controls, the intervention cohort had higher scores on the postsimulator written assessment, TVP skills assessment, and IABP skills assessment ( P = .04, .007, and .02, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference in scores on the PC skills assessment between intervention and control groups ( P = .08). Skills assessment scores for the intervention group remained higher than the controls at 18 months ( P = .01, .004, and .002 for TVP, IABP, and PC, respectively). Participation rate was 100% (24/24). Conclusions: Procedural simulation training may be an effective tool to enhance the acquisition of knowledge and technical skills for cardiology trainees. Future studies may address methods to improve performance retention over time.
Anti-CD37 chimeric antigen receptor T cells are active against B- and T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Scarfò Irene , Ormhøj Maria , Frigault Matthew J. , Castano Ana P. , Lorrey Selena , Bouffard Amanda A. , van Scoyk Alexandria , Rodig Scott J. , Shay Alexandra J. , Aster Jon C. , Preffer Frederic I. , Weinstock David M. , Maus Marcela V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a novel form of treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies. In particular, anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy has effected impressive clinical responses in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, not all patients respond, and relapse with antigen loss has been observed in all patient subsets. Here, we report on the design and optimization of a novel CAR directed to the surface antigen CD37, which is expressed in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and in some cases of cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphomas. We found that CAR-37 T cells demonstrated antigen-specific activation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic activity in models of B- and T-cell lymphomas in vitro and in vivo, including patient-derived xenografts. Taken together, these results are the first showing that T cells expressing anti-CD37 CAR have substantial activity against 2 different lymphoid lineages, without evidence of significant T-cell fratricide. Furthermore, anti-CD37 CARs were readily combined with anti-CD19 CARs to generate dual-specific CAR T cells capable of recognizing CD19 and CD37 alone or in combination. Our findings indicate that CD37-CAR T cells represent a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with CD37-expressing lymphoid malignancies.
Erythroferrone inhibits the induction of hepcidin by BMP6
Authors: Arezes João , Foy Niall , McHugh Kirsty , Sawant Anagha , Quinkert Doris , Terraube Virginie , Brinth Alette , Tam May , LaVallie Edward R. , Taylor Stephen , Armitage Andrew E. , Pasricha Sant-Rayn , Cunningham Orla , Lambert Matthew , Draper Simon J. , Jasuja Reema , Drakesmith Hal 
Published: October 2018

Key PointsERFE suppresses BMP/SMAD signaling in vitro and in vivo. ERFE inhibits hepcidin induction by BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Brentuximab Vedotin With Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Stage III and IV Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Huntington Scott F. , von Keudell Gottfried , Davidoff Amy J. , Gross Cary P. , Prasad Sapna A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose In a recent randomized, open-label trial (ECHELON-1), brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD+BV) decreased the risk of progression in adults diagnosed with stage III or IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) compared with standard bleomycin-containing chemotherapy (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine [ABVD]). However, the cost effectiveness of incorporating BV (US$6,970 per 50-mg vial) into the first-line setting is unknown. Patients and Methods We constructed a Markov decision-analytic model to measure the costs and clinical outcomes for AVD+BV compared with ABVD as first-line therapy in a cohort of patients with stage III or IV HL. Transition probabilities were estimated from ECHELON-1 by fitting parametric survival distributions. Lifetime direct health care costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for AVD+BV compared with ABVD from a US payer perspective. Our model was also used to estimate BV price reductions that would achieve more favorable cost effectiveness under indication-specific pricing. Results AVD+BV was associated with an improvement of 0.56 QALYs compared with treatment with standard ABVD. However, incorporating BV into first-line therapy led to significantly higher lifetime health care costs ($361,137 v $184,291), causing the ICER for AVD+BV to be $317,254 per QALY. If indication-specific pricing were implemented, acquisition costs for BV used in the first-line setting would need to be reduced by 56% to 73% for ICERs of $150,000 to $100,000 per QALY, respectively. Conclusion Substituting BV for bleomycin during first-line therapy for stage III or IV HL is unlikely to be cost effective under current drug pricing. Should indication-specific pricing be implemented, significant price reductions for BV used in the first-line setting would be needed to reduce ICERs to more widely acceptable values.
Nomenclatural types of the Linnaean names in Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae)
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe nomenclatural types of the Linnaean names in the genus Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae) are discussed and revised. Lectotypes of Z. fulvum (≡ Roepera fulva), Z. morgsana (≡ R. morgsana), Z. sessilifolium (≡ R. sessilifolia) and Z. spinosum (≡ R. spinosa) are designated, and Z. simplex (≡ Tetraena simplex) is neotypified. Epitypes are designated for Z. coccineum and Z. spinosum due to ambiguity in the interpretation of their types. Linnaeus’s original material of Z. aestuans and Z. nitraria could not be found, the application of the names appears uncertain, therefore they are treated as nomina ambigua. In addition, the typification of Decaisne’s name Z. propinquum (≡ T. propinqua) is discussed, and a lectotype is designated.
Autyzm relacyjnie, czyli praca na i nad kontaktem z dziećmi z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu
Authors: Gołaska Paulina 
Published: October 2018

Relational approach to autism is a specific way of understanding needs of the child with development disorders based on three strong fundaments – psychoanalysis, development psychology and psychopathology. It is a result of complex research of typical development and identification of caretaker’s intuitive reactions, which support the child best and in a natural way. Relational therapy is not a remedy for every issue in autism. However, it should be an important, central element of a good-enough, holistic educational and therapeutic program. An introduction to other, educational-oriented activities, like learning which is a dyadic process of interaction between two people of whom one is always a teacher for another. Connection and relation should be an essence of every intervention dedicated to autistic children to, as a result, make the autism thaw.
Ocena dojrzałości szkolnej dzieci z wadą słuchu. Kontrowersje i wyzwania związane z diagnozą psychologiczno-pedagogiczną
Authors: Jakoniuk-Diallo Anna 
Published: October 2018

The start of school education is an important and difficult phase in every child’s life. However with each one of them, we have to deal with the individual pace and specificity of development in each sphere, and even so it is difficult to recognize every child as equally mature as a pupil. Both the evaluation of child progress in the education process and the readiness for school education are made through the prism of linguistic proficiency. In the case of child’s hearing loss, especially when it is congenital or acquired at a very early stage, the development of speech and language is delayed. The determinant of this situation is the lack of access to the audible voice of the guardians. In a slightly different situation there are children with hearing impairment, having deaf parents. These people, from their earliest years, develop their sign language skills, which are primary to them. An increasing number of hearing impaired children go to integration classes in public schools. Does this mean that the psychological and pedagogical diagnosis procedure of the aforementioned group of children, including the study of their school maturity, can be considered appropriate?
Mikroświat inności dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną – raport z badań
Authors: Gutowska Anna 
Published: October 2018

The text is an attempt to present the phenomenon of experiencing otherness by adult people with mental disability. The author presents survey results which are a part of a bigger project researching the microworlds of adults with intellectual disability. In the research, both as the strategy of collecting the research materials and the method of their analysis, the methodology of constructing grounded theory by Kathy Charmaz was used. 14 adults with intellectual disability, attendees of the Community Centre of Self-Help, were researched, as well as 14 attendants (including parents and the centre’s employees). The results showed otherness as a specific phenomenon experienced by all the surveyed people with intellectual disability.
Świadomość stanów emocjonalnych a osiągnięcia w nauce szkolnej uczniów słabowidzących w okresie wczesnej adolescencji
Authors: Kucharczyk Izabella 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to present the results of research of the relationships between awareness of one’s emotions and the educational achievements of students with visual impairments during early adolescence. The study included 60 pupils from secondary schools in the region of Masovia. The study used the Emotion Awareness Questionnaire – Revised EAS-30-R. Rieffe, P. Oosterveld, A.C. Miers, M.M. Terwogt (2008) in the Polish adaptation by I. Kucharczyk and A. Dłużniewska, as well as school grades.
Kant’s post-1800 Disavowal of the Highest Good Argument for the Existence of God
Authors: Kahn Samuel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
I have two main goals in this paper. The first is to argue for the thesis that Kant gave up on his highest good argument for the existence of God around 1800. The second is to revive a dialogue about this thesis that died out in the 1960s. The paper is divided into three sections. In the first, I reconstruct Kant’s highest good argument. In the second, I turn to the post-1800 convolutes of Kant’s Opus postumum to discuss his repeated claim that there is only one way to argue for the existence of God, a way which resembles the highest good argument only in taking the moral law as its starting point. In the third, I explain why I do not find the counterarguments to my thesis introduced in the 1960s persuasive.