bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in cognitively impaired older adults
Authors: Bonfiglio Viviana , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Kuzuya Masafumi 
Published: August 2019

AimQuality of life (QOL) in older adults can be affected by many factors, such as dementia, sarcopenia and frailty. This study sought to identify factors that can lead to global deterioration in QOL among older outpatients, including factors stated in caregiver reports. This study also evaluated the discrepancy between QOL ratings reported by the patients and those by their family or professional caregivers.MethodsThe sample comprised 141 patients with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≥20 and a Clinical Dementia Rating of 0.5–1, indicating mild cognitive impairment to mild dementia. QOL was assessed using both components of the EQ‐5D scale, namely, the index score and visual analog scale. In addition, cognitive, neuropsychological, nutritional and physical function tests were carried out, and body measurements were taken.ResultsPatients’ self‐reported QOL was significantly associated with basic activities of daily living, Mini Nutritional Assessment score and Geriatric Depression Scale‐15. QOL rated by caregivers was significantly associated with basic activities of daily living. EQ‐5D index scores reported by caregivers were lower than those reported by patients. Furthermore, patients achieved a better score for self‐care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression than those assigned by caregivers.ConclusionsAs far as the patient's ratings are concerned, the presence of depressive symptoms and a worse nutritional status were indicative of lower QOL, whereas a better functional status was associated with a higher QOL. For caregivers, however, the most relevant factor negatively affecting QOL was basic activities of daily living. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 999–1005.
Nutritional status of children and adolescents with haemophilia in Basra, Iraq
Authors: Abdulaziz Jaafar Sadek , Hassan Meaad Kadhum 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with haemophilia are at increased risk of being overweight or obese, which in turn may have a profound effect on morbidity and quality of life.AimsTo assess the nutritional status of paediatric patients with haemophilia and identify possible risk factors that may adversely affect their nutritional status.MethodsA case‐control study was performed on 63 haemophilia patients and 135 control subjects aged 5‐18 years. For all participants, weight, height and body mass index Z (BMIZ) score were assessed. Physical activity (PA) was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Children's Physical Activity Questionnaire for participants ≥15 years and 5‐14 years old, respectively.ResultsThe frequency of overweight and obesity was 36.29% among the control group compared with 23.81% among patients, while thinness was higher in patients with haemophilia (19.05%) compared with 9.63% in the control group,P = .042. Low PA was reported in 22.73% of haemophilia patients aged 5‐14 years compared with 2.06% in the control group,P < .001. However, no difference in PA was reported among participants aged ≥15 years. There were no significant differences in the frequency of nutritional problems among patients with respect to age, type of haemophilia, disease severity and hepatitis C seropositivity. Regression analysis revealed a negative association between paternal educational level and high BMIZ in patients ≥15 years,P = .028.ConclusionsPaediatric patients seem to have lower BMIZ than the control group. In addition, most of the studied factors were not found to predict either high or low BMIZ among studied patients.
Sintering of porous alumina using an alumina slurry containing aluminum and polysiloxane
Authors: Kita Ken'ichiro , Kondo Naoki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe herein describe the sintering of a slurry containing alumina, aluminum, and polysiloxane. After sintering, porous alumina was obtained with an increased bulk density but without any remarkable change in volume. In addition, necking was found to occur between the alumina and aluminum particles due to the formation of an aluminum silicate layer by polysiloxane upon sintering at 800°C, and this necking resulted in volume expansion upon further heating. Furthermore, the bulk density of the sample increased due to aluminum filling the spaces between particles during aluminum oxidation when sintering at temperatures ≥1200°C.
The phosphatase activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase regulates ATP‐binding cassette transporter‐A1‐dependent cholesterol efflux
Authors: Lien Chih‐Chan , Chen Chia‐Hui , Lee Yeng‐Ming , Guo Bei‐Chia , Cheng Li‐Ching , Pan Ching‐Chien , Shyue Song‐Kun , Lee Tzong‐Shyuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe contribution of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to atherosclerosis has been well defined. However, less is understood about the role of sEH and its underlying mechanism in the cholesterol metabolism of macrophages. The expression of sEH protein was increased in atherosclerotic aortas of apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice, primarily in macrophage foam cells. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) increased sEH expression in macrophages. Genetic deletion of sEH (sEH−/−) in macrophages markedly exacerbated oxLDL‐induced lipid accumulation and decreased the expression of ATP‐binding cassette transporters‐A1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein AI‐dependent cholesterol efflux following oxLDL treatment. The down‐regulation of ABCA1 in sEH−/− macrophages was due to an increase in the turnover rate of ABCA1 protein but not in mRNA transcription. Inhibition of phosphatase activity, but not hydrolase activity, of sEH decreased ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux following oxLDL challenge, which resulted in increased cholesterol accumulation. Additionally, oxLDL increased the phosphatase activity, promoted the sEH‐ABCA1 complex formation and decreased the phosphorylated level of ABCA1 at threonine residues. Overexpression of phosphatase domain of sEH abrogated the oxLDL‐induced ABCA1 phosphorylation and further increased ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux, leading to the attenuation of oxLDL‐induced cholesterol accumulation. Our findings suggest that the phosphatase domain of sEH plays a crucial role in the cholesterol metabolism of macrophages.
Cold‐inducible protein RBM3 mediates hypothermic neuroprotection against neurotoxin rotenone via inhibition on MAPK signalling
Authors: Yang Hai‐Jie , Zhuang Rui‐Juan , Li Yuan‐Bo , Li Tian , Yuan Xin , Lei Bing‐Bing , Xie Yun‐Fei , Wang Mian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMild hypothermia and its key product, cold‐inducible protein RBM3, possess robust neuroprotective effects against various neurotoxins. However, we previously showed that mild hypothermia fails to attenuate the neurotoxicity from MPP+, one of typical neurotoxins related to the increasing risk of Parkinson disease (PD). To better understand the role of mild hypothermia and RBM3 in PD progression, another known PD‐related neurotoxin, rotenone (ROT) was utilized in this study. Using immunoblotting, cell viability assays and TUNEL staining, we revealed that mild hypothermia (32°C) significantly reduced the apoptosis induced by ROT in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells, when compared to normothermia (37°C). Meanwhile, the overexpression of RBM3 in SH‐SY5Y cells mimicked the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia on ROT‐induced cytotoxicity. Upon ROT stimulation, MAPK signalling like p38, JNK and ERK, and AMPK and GSK‐3β signalling were activated. When RBM3 was overexpressed, only the activation of p38, JNK and ERK signalling was inhibited, leaving AMPK and GSK‐3β signalling unaffected. Similarly, mild hypothermia also inhibited the activation of MAPKs induced by ROT. Lastly, it was demonstrated that the MAPK (especially p38 and ERK) inhibition by their individual inhibitors significantly decreased the neurotoxicity of ROT in SH‐SY5Y cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that RBM3 mediates mild hypothermia‐related neuroprotection against ROT by inhibiting the MAPK signalling of p38, JNK and ERK.
DIFFERENTIAL RISK‐TAKING IMPLICATIONS OF PERFORMANCE INCENTIVES FROM STOCK AND STOCK OPTION HOLDINGS
Authors: Savaşer Tanseli , Şişli‐Ciamarra Elif 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study the risk‐taking implications of managerial pay‐for‐performance incentives (delta) arising from stock and stock options separately in the United States between 1992 and 2017. The current literature assumes that each unit of delta has an equal incentive effect on firm performance. Instead, we show that the risk‐reducing effect of performance incentives is more pronounced for executives whose delta comes mostly from stock holdings relative to option holdings. Accordingly, we propose a new measure that takes into account the magnitude of delta from option holdings relative to delta from stock holdings (source ratio). Our results show that risk taking increases as this ratio increases.
Cost‐Related Medication Nonadherence Among Older Adults: Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Chung Green C. , Marottoli Richard A. , Cooney Leo M. , Rhee Taeho Greg 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESTo estimate the rate of and risk factors associated with cost‐related medication nonadherence among older adults.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis of the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).SETTINGNationally representative health interview survey in the United States.PARTICIPANTSSurvey respondents, aged 65 years or older (n = 5701 unweighted) in the 2017 wave of the NHIS.MEASUREMENTSSelf‐reported, cost‐related medication nonadherence (due to cost: skip dose, reduce dose, or delay or not fill a prescription) and actions taken due to cost‐related medication nonadherence (ask for lower‐cost prescription, use alternative therapy, or buy medications from another country) were quantified. We used a series of multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with cost‐related medication nonadherence. We also reported analyses by chronic disease subgroups.RESULTSIn 2017, 408 (6.8%) of 5901 older adults, representative of 2.7 million older adults nationally, reported cost‐related medication nonadherence. Among those with cost‐related medication nonadherence, 44.2% asked a physician for lower‐cost medications, 11.5% used alternative therapies, and 5.3% bought prescription drugs outside the United States to save money. Correlates independently associated with a higher likelihood of cost‐related medication nonadherence included: younger age, female sex, lower socioeconomic levels (eg, low income and uninsured), mental distress, functional limitations, multimorbidities, and obesity (P < .05 for all). Similar patterns were found in subgroup analyses.CONCLUSIONCost‐related medication nonadherence among older adults is increasingly common, with several potentially modifiable risk factors identified. Interventions, such as medication therapy management, may be needed to reduce cost‐related medication nonadherence in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2463–2473, 2019
Nocturnal Excretion in Healthy Older Women and Rationale for a Safer Approach to Sleep Disruption
Authors: Tyagi Shachi , Perera Subashan , Clarkson Becky D. , Tadic Stasa D. , Resnick Neil M. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESInsomnia, especially difficulty maintaining sleep, is prevalent among older adults and increases the incidence of falls and fractures. Moreover, the drugs used to treat it exacerbate the risk. Yet current therapies fail to address one of its most common causes in older adults: nocturia and its primary contributor, nocturnal polyuria (NP), especially among the majority of individuals without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Therefore, we examined the factors associated with nocturia in two groups of such older women and the impact of nocturia on sleep.DESIGNSecondary analysis of two observational studies of bladder function in carefully evaluated healthy older women.SETTINGAcademic medical center.PARTICIPANTSA total of 39 women without LUTS who had adequate fluid intake (ie, >1200 mL urine output/24 h recorded on their diary), normal videourodynamic testing, and normal daytime frequency (≤7 voids).MEASUREMENTSVoided volumes and sleep duration obtained from subjects’ 3‐day voiding diary, and sleep quality from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Nighttime excretion of more than 33% of 24‐hour urine volume was considered NP.RESULTSOverall, 21 of these healthy subjects (54%) awakened at least once nightly to void, and 19 (90%) of them had NP. Compared with those without nocturia, participants with nocturia had shorter duration of the first uninterrupted sleep period (182 ± 100 vs 250 ± 60 min; P = .03), and they reported worse sleep quality. Two factors contributed independently to nocturia: (1) a larger proportion of 24‐hour urine output at night (43.4 ± 7.4% vs 25.4 ± 5.5%; P = <.001) and (2) smaller bladder capacity (484 ± 157 mL vs 608 ± 167 mL; P = .02).CONCLUSIONSNocturia, NP, and reduced bladder capacity are very common even in healthy older women without LUTS and are associated with impaired sleep. Thus applying currently available modalities to address both NP and reduced bladder capacity may effectively treat sleep disruption without incurring the complications of sedative‐hypnotics. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2610–2614, 2019
Concurrent and predictive validity of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in older stroke rehabilitation patients
Authors: Nishioka S. , Omagari K. , Nishioka E. , Mori N. , Taketani Y. , Kayashita J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition may worsen clinical outcomes in stroke patients. Few malnutrition screening tools have been validated in the rehabilitation setting. The present study aimed to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of two malnutrition screening tools.MethodsWe retrospectively collected scores for the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form (MNA‐SF) and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in consecutive stroke patients aged ≥65 years in a rehabilitation hospital. Concurrent validity was confirmed against the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism diagnostic criteria for malnutrition (ESPEN‐DCM). Malnutrition risk within the ESPEN‐DCM process was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. Cut‐off values with maximum Youden index, and with sensitivity (Se) >90% and specificity (Sp) >50%, were defined as appropriate for identification and screening of malnutrition, respectively. The Functional Independence Measure and discharge destination were used to explore predictive validity.ResultsOverall, 420 patients were analysed. Of these, we included 125 patients in the malnutrition group and 295 in the non‐malnutrition group based on the ESPEN‐DCM. Cut‐off values for the identification and screening of malnutrition were 5 (Se: 0.78; Sp: 0.85) and 7 (Se: 0.96; Sp: 0.57) for the MNA‐SF; 92 (Se: 0.74; Sp: 0.84) and 98 (Se: 0.93; Sp: 0.50) for the GNRI, respectively. The GNRI predicted discharge to acute care hospital, whereas the MNA‐SF did not predict all outcome measures.ConclusionsThe MNA‐SF and the GNRI have a fair concurrent validity in stroke patients, although lower cut‐off values than currently used were required for the MNA‐SF. The GNRI exhibits good predictive validity for discharge destination.
Cutaneous necrotic lesion: A wonderful delay adverse effect of interferon beta‐1b injection for multiple sclerosis treatment
Authors: Mozafari Nikoo , Saffaei Ali , Alizadeh Mohammad , Shabani Minoosh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory autoimmune disease. These patients may manifest severe inflammatory cutaneous reactions after using interferon beta‐1b. This article describes a 55‐year‐old man with severe injection site reactions after 10 years administration of interferon beta‐1b. The biopsy specimens revealed skin and subcutaneous tissue necrosis. Histologic evaluation revealed nonspecific inflammatory reactions with no evidence of vasculitis or granulomatous reactions. Based on clinical and pathological findings, the diagnosis of skin and soft tissue necrosis due to interferon injection was given. The injection of interferon beta‐1b in the affected areas was stopped, and the patient's clinical condition improved by wound care. This report is aimed to increase awareness about severe adverse skin reactions, which may infrequently occur with subcutaneous interferon beta‐1b injection after several years. Early diagnosis of this reaction can help to prevent associated complications.
Survey of the desire to have children and engage in sexual activity after trachelectomy among young Japanese women with early‐stage cervical cancer
Authors: Yahata Hideaki , Sonoda Kenzo , Okugawa Kaoru , Yagi Hiroshi , Ohgami Tatsuhiro , Yasunaga Masafumi , Onoyama Ichiro , Kaneki Eisuke , Asanoma Kazuo , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate how the desire to have children and engage in sexual activity change after trachelectomy in Japanese women with early‐stage cervical cancer who strongly desired to have children before surgery.MethodsDesire to have children, coital pain, fear of sexual intercourse, sexual activity frequency and libido were assessed in cervical cancer patients who received follow‐up after trachelectomy. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted via informed consent.ResultsOf the 151 patients who underwent trachelectomy at Kyushu University Hospital between 2005 and 2015, 46 patients were evaluated; the response rate was 30%. The desire to have children disappeared in 13 of 46 (28%) patients, and 14 (30%) patients experienced increased coital pain. Moreover, 19 (41%) patients experienced fear of sexual intercourse, and sexual frequency decreased in 24 (52%) patients.ConclusionTrachelectomy is an important fertility‐sparing surgical method; however, this study revealed loss of the desire to have children and/or to engage in sexual activity in some patients after surgery. Counseling about these issues is important and should be addressed.
Relationship between Radiographic Misfit and Clinical Outcomes in Immediately Loaded Complete‐Arch Fixed Implant‐Supported Prostheses in Edentulous Patients
Authors: Slauch Robert W. , Bidra Avinash S. , Wolfinger Glenn J. , Kuo Chia‐Ling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine if an uncorrected radiographically detected immediate postoperative misfit (implant level or abutment level) in immediately loaded conversion prosthesis plays a significant role in early implant or prosthesis failure. In addition, clinical characteristics related to type of arch, implant position, type of implant, implant orientation, type of connection, and type of surgery were analyzed relative to their relationship to early implant or prosthesis failure.Materials and MethodsImmediate postoperative and subsequent follow‐up panoramic radiographs of 425 arches with immediately loaded complete‐arch fixed implant‐supported prostheses were screened in a retrospective analysis. Implants with misfit and nonmisfit within a given arch were summarized separately with respect to each clinical characteristic and the difference between misfit and nonmisfit groups was tested using a mixed‐effects logistic regression model with a patient‐specific random intercept. A p‐value <0.05 was determined to be statistically significant.ResultsA total of 2025 implants from 311 patients were identified in the 425 arches that were screened for radiographic misfit. A total of 48 implants with misfit were found within 33 arches (23 patients) for a 2.4% prevalence rate. Among the misfit implants, two failures were documented during the healing phase for an early implant survival rate of 95.8%. Five conversion prostheses with misfit fractured during the healing phase for early prosthesis survival rate of 84.8%. None of the clinical variables analyzed were significantly associated with the misfit status (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results from this retrospective study showed that misfit in immediately loaded complete‐arch fixed implant‐supported prostheses may not play a detrimental role in the implant survival but may affect survival of the conversion prostheses.
Development of a paediatric central venous access device database: A retrospective cohort study of practice evolution and risk factors for device failure
Authors: Kleidon Tricia M , Rickard Claire M , Schults Jessica A , Mihala Gabor , McBride Craig A , Rudkin John , Chaseling Brett , Ullman Amanda J 
Published: August 2019

AimTo describe practice evolution, complications and risk factors for multiple insertion attempts and device failure in paediatric central venous access devices (CVADs).MethodsA paediatric retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data from CVAD database 2012–2014. Data included were patient (i.e. age, condition), insertion (i.e. indication, device, technique) and removal (complications, dwell). Descriptive statistics and incidence rates were calculated per calendar year and compared. Risk factors for multiple insertion attempts and failure were explored with logistic regression and cox regression, respectively.ResultsA total of 1308 CVADs were observed over 273 467 catheter‐days in 863 patients. Multiple insertion attempts remained static (14%) and significantly associated with non‐haematological oncology (odds ratio 2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–4.43), respiratory (3.71; 1.10–12.5), gastroenterology (4.18; 1.66–10.5) and other (difficult intravenous access) (2.74; 1.27–5.92). CVAD failure decreased from 35% (2012) to 25% (2014), incidence rate from 1.50 (95% CI 1.25–1.80) to 1.28 (1.06–1.54) per 1000 catheter‐days. Peripherally inserted CVAD failure was significantly associated with lower body weight (per kilogram decrease, hazard ratio (HR) 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.03), cephalic vein (1.62; 1.05–2.62), difficult access (1.92; 1.02–3.73), sub‐optimal tip placement (1.69; 1.06–2.69) and gastroenterology diagnosis (2.27; 1.05–4.90). Centrally placed CVAD failure was significantly associated with younger age (per year, HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.07), tunnelled device (3.38; 2.41–4.73) and gastroenterology diagnosis (1.70; 1.06–2.73).ConclusionsWhile advancement in CVAD practices improved overall CVAD insertion and failure outcomes, further improvements and innovation are necessary to ensure improved vessel health and preservation for children requiring CVAD.