bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived quality of HIV care and client satisfaction across different service providers in Ukraine
Authors: Hailemeskal Meklit Berhan , Sereda Yuliia , Latypov Alisher , Kiriazova Tetiana , Avaliani Nata 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Prior studies have shown that high client satisfaction and quality of services are important drivers of uptake and retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care. Study objectives were to assess the perceived quality of HIV services, satisfaction and associated factors across different types of health facilities in Ukraine.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 649 individuals receiving HIV services across 47 health facilities in three regions of Ukraine. Primary outcomes were satisfaction and perceived quality of services measured along five dimensions: accessibility, user-friendliness, privacy and confidentiality, comprehensiveness (separately for testing and treatment services). Quality dimensions were constructed by confirmatory factor analysis. Links between quality dimensions, satisfaction and related factors were measured by structural equation modelling.

Results
Median scores for accessibility, user-friendliness, privacy and confidentiality, comprehensiveness of services and overall satisfaction ranged from 0.75 to 1 out of 1. User-friendliness was the main determinant associated with satisfaction (total effect: β = 0.515, P &lt; 0.001). Satisfaction was higher at primary healthcare centres (direct effect: β = 0.145, P &lt; 0.001; indirect effect through accessibility: β = 0.060, P &lt; 0.001), narcological/tuberculosis dispensaries (direct effect: β = 0.105, P = 0.006; indirect effect through accessibility: β = 0.060, P &lt; 0.001) and hospitals (indirect effects through user-friendliness and accessibility: β = 0.180, P &lt; 0.001) when compared to acquired immune deficiency syndrome centres.

Conclusions
User-friendliness is a key driver of client satisfaction with HIV services in Ukraine. Decentralization of services, together with improved training and supervision for provider–client interactions may provide important levers to improve client satisfaction with HIV services and enrolment and retention in the cascade of HIV services.
The long-term rapid increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the kidney in the USA, especially among younger ages
Authors: Zheng Tongzhang , Zhu Cairong , Bassig Bryan A , Liu Simin , Buka Stephen , Zhang Xichi , Truong Ashley , Oh Junhi , Fulton John , Dai Min , Li Ni , Shi Kunchong , Qian Zhengmin , Boyle Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
We previously observed a rapid increase in the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in men and women between 1935 and 1989 in the USA, using data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. This increase appeared to be largely explained by a positive cohort effect, but no population-based study has been conducted to comprehensively examine age-period-cohort effects by histologic types for the past decade.

Methods
We calculated age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates of the two major kidney-cancer subtypes RCC and renal urothelial carcinoma, and conducted an age-period-cohort analysis of 114 138 incident cases of kidney cancer reported between 1992 and 2014 to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme.

Results
The age-adjusted incidence rates of RCC have been increasing consistently in the USA among both men and women (from 12.18/100 000 in 1992–1994 to 18.35/100 000 in 2010–2014 among men; from 5.77/100 000 in 1992–1994 to 8.63/100 000 in 2010–2014 among women). Incidence rates generally increased in successive birth cohorts, with a continuing increase in rates among the younger age groups (ages 0–54 years) in both men and women and among both Whites and Blacks. These observations were confirmed by age-period-cohort modelling, which suggested an increasing birth-cohort trend for RCC beginning with 1955 birth cohorts, regardless of the assumed value for the period effect for both men and women and for Whites and Blacks.

Conclusions
Known risk factors for kidney cancer may not fully account for the observed increasing rates or the birth-cohort pattern for RCC, prompting the need for additional etiologic hypotheses (such as environmental exposures) to investigate these descriptive patterns.
Studies of selective digestive decontamination as a natural experiment to evaluate topical antibiotic prophylaxis and cephalosporin use as population-level risk factors for enterococcal bacteraemia among ICU patients
Authors: Hurley James C 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSelective digestive decontamination (SDD) and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) regimens appear protective against ICU-acquired overall bacteraemia. These regimens can be factorized as topical antibiotic prophylaxis (TAP) with (SDD) or without (SOD) protocolized parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis (PPAP) using cephalosporins. Both TAP and cephalosporins are risk factors for enterococcal colonization although their impact on enterococcal bacteraemia within studies of SDD/SOD remains unclear.ObjectivesTo benchmark the enterococcal bacteraemia incidence within component (control and intervention) groups of SDD/SOD studies among ICU patients versus studies without intervention (observational groups).MethodsThe literature was searched for SDD/SOD studies reporting enterococcal bacteraemia incidence data. In addition, component groups of studies of various non-antibiotic interventions served to provide additional points of reference.ResultsThe mean incidence per 100 patients (and 95% CI) for enterococcal bacteraemia among 19 SDD/SOD studies was equally increased among concurrent control (2.1; 1.0%–4.7%) and intervention (2.3; 2.0%–2.7%) groups versus the benchmark incidence (0.8; 0.6%–1.2%) derived from 16 observational study groups and also versus 9 component groups from non-antibiotic studies. These higher incidences remained apparent (P < 0.02) in a meta-regression model adjusting for groupwide factors such as PPAP use, mechanical ventilation proportion, group mean length of stay >7 days and publication year.ConclusionsThe incidences of enterococcal bacteraemia within both concurrent control and intervention groups of SDD/SOD studies are unusually high compared with the literature-derived benchmark. The impact of parenteral cephalosporin used as PPAP additional to TAP on enterococcal bacteraemia incidence was indeterminate in this analysis.
The effective public enforcement of the prohibition of anti-competitive agreements: which factors influence the high percentage of annulments of Dutch cartel fines?
Authors: Outhuijse Annalies 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Dutch enforcement of the European and Dutch cartel prohibition is characterized by high rates of litigation and successful litigation. Several studies have devoted attention to these phenomena, all unraveling parts of the puzzle as to how the occurrence of these percentages can be explained. The subject of this article, an analysis of the factors which influence the rate of successful litigation, is however missing in this body of literature. To begin with, a theoretical framework of possible influencing factors is designed on the basis of relevant academic literature. In order to evaluate whether the factors identified in the literature can explain the Dutch practice, an assessment is carried out using several means, including a further analysis of the Dutch cartel practice, interviews with involved stakeholders, and comparisons with other Member States and Dutch market supervisors. The article concludes that specific factors that are woven into the Dutch practice (including specific court, party, and case characteristics), in combination with the nature of competition law, influence the Dutch annulment rate.
Assessment of the Capacity and Capability of Burn Centers to Respond to Burn Disasters in Belgium: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Al-Shamsi Mustafa , Moitinho de Almeida Maria , Nyanchoka Linda , Guha-Sapir Debarati , Jennes Serge 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Burn disaster is defined as a massive influx of patients that exceeds a burn center’s capacity and capability. This study investigates the capacity and capability of burn centers to respond to burn disasters in the Belgian ground. Quantitative survey and qualitative semistructured interview questionnaires were administered directly to key informants of burn centers. The data collected from both methods were compared to get a more in-depth overview of the issue. Quantitative data were converted into a narrative to enrich the qualitative data and included in the thematic analysis. Finally, data from both methods were analyzed and organized into five themes. The Belgian Association of Burn Injury (BABI) has a specific prehospital plan for burn disaster management. Once the BABI Plan is activated, all burn centers respond as one entity. Burn Team (B-Team) is a professional team that is formed in case of urgent need and it is deployed to a scene or to nonburn specialized hospitals to help in disaster relief. The challenges for burn disasters response occur particularly in the area of triage, transfer, communication, funding, and training. We conclude that there is a variation in the capacity and capability of burn centers. Overall, the system of burn disaster management is advanced and it is comparable to other high-income countries. Nevertheless, further improvement in the areas of preparation, triage, communication, and finally training would make disaster response more resilient in the future. Therefore, there is still space for further improvement of the management of burn disasters in Belgium.
Historical demography of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae) in the Florida Keys, USA inferred using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
Authors: Baeza J Antonio , Umaña-Castro Rodolfo , Mejia-Ortiz Luis M 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) is an important species in shallow-water coral reefs and target of the most lucrative fishery in the Caribbean Sea. We explored historical demography in P. argus inferred using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We expected an increase in population size of P. argus from Florida, USA starting ~18,000–24,000 years ago, after the Last Glacial Maximum, when ice sheets started to retreat and sub-tropical/tropical shallow coastal waters warmed up. A total of 10 lobsters were collected from shallow reefs in the Florida Keys, Florida, USA. One microgram of gDNA extracted from each specimen was used for RAD library construction using established protocols. A panel of 1643 SNPs obtained after interrogation of RAD-tags was used to calculate a site frequency spectrum (SFS). The observed SFS for the Florida population of P. argus exhibited a non-normal distribution peaking at singleton SNPs. The expected SFS in a total of six different candidate demographic models with dissimilar population size changes through time (i.e., standard neutral, exponential growth, bottleneck, bottleneck + growth, two epochs, and three epochs) were numerically computed in the software ∂a∂i and a model selection approach was implemented to test which expected model(s) best fitted the empirical SFS. The model selection approach indicated that the bottleneck + growth model most closely matched the observed SFS; P. argus experienced a population decline at about 1.9 (0.75–5.7) mya, to then recover and growth exponentially until present time. In disagreement with expectations, population expansion started much earlier than ~18,000–24,000 years ago. Fisheries and conservation studies are expected to profit from the evaluation of genomic and population variability in this species using demographic models, as shown here. Studies exploring population connectivity and locality-specific demographic history of P. argus are underway.
Three-level distributed analysis for transmission performance of deep-sea electromagnetic inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth chain
Authors: Zheng Yu , Qin Xiaocong , Li Hongzhi , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Sai 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth chain is an important instrument for measuring the deep-sea environment. Using the electromagnetic induction principle, the bidirectional data transmission from the overwater control equipment to an underwater sensor can be realized. However, due to attenuation in marine environments, it is difficult to realize a long distance and efficient transmission. In order to accurately analyze the channel transmission characteristics of an inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth chain, a three-level distributed prototype of the transmission channel using COMSOL Multiphysics is constructed. The transmission characteristics of the channel are analyzed at various depths. The analysis of a three-level simulation model demonstrates that the seawater resistivity is relatively stable, independent of detection depth. When the transmission frequency is 10 kHz and the length of the cable is 60 m, the transmission efficiency of the single node transmission channel is 2.9%. Moreover, the transmission efficiency is reduced to 2.6%, when the sensor nodes in the transmission channel are 10, while it may be less than 1% with the decrease of the inductance. The seawater resistivity and the inductance of magnetic ring significantly influence the performance of transmission channel. Optimizing the inductance of the magnetic ring and improving the frequency of the transmission signal are extremely important for the improvement of the transmission performance of an electromagnetic inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth chain.
Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for Meckel’s diverticulum
Authors: Kuramoto Kunitaka , Nakahara Osamu , Maeda Yuto , Kumamoto Sayahito , Tsuji Akira , Hayashida Shintaro , Oya Yuki , Shibata Hidekatsu , Iizaka Masayoshi , Tomiyasu Shinjiro , Hayashi Hironori , Inomata Yukihiro , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A 65-year-old male patient presented with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed slight intestinal dilation and obstruction of the upper right quadrant of the small intestine, while ectopic gastric mucosal scintigraphy revealed abnormal accumulation in agreement with the CT-identified structure. The cause of bowel obstruction was diagnosed as Meckel’s diverticulum; the patient was referred for surgery. A small laparotomy was performed with a 35-mm skin incision to the center of the navel. Once a lap disk was attached, a laparoscope was inserted to visualize the abdominal cavity. The small intestine that includes the structure was pulled out from the umbilicus to the outside of the peritoneal cavity and partially resected. On the pathological tissue findings, the patient was diagnosed with Meckel’s diverticulum. We report our experience with single-lap laparoscopic surgery for a case of intestinal obstruction caused by Meckel’s diverticulum and review pertinent literature.
Digital humanities in Sweden and its infrastructure: Status quo and the sine qua non
Authors: Golub Koraljka , Göransson Elisabet , Foka Anna , Huvila Isto 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article offers a state-of-the-art overview of a number of Digital Humanities (DH) initiatives that have emerged in Sweden over the past decade. We identify two major developments that seem to be taking place within DH, with a specific focus on the infrastructural aspects of the development: (1) a strive to open up and broaden the research output and (2) multi-disciplinary collaboration and its effects. The two major components accentuate the new infrastructural patterns that are developing and the challenges these infer on universities. While current research is at large multi-disciplinary, developing infrastructures also enable the move towards post-disciplinarity, bringing the universities closer to the surrounding society. At five universities in Sweden, individual-sited infrastructures supporting DH research have been built today. They are complemented by national and international infrastructures, thus supporting developments and tackling some of the major challenges. In the article, the relations between individual disciplines, the question of multi- and post-disciplinarity, and the field of Digital Humanities are discussed, while stressing the factors necessary—sine qua non—for a fruitful development of the scholarly infrastructures.
The role of Trp53 in the mouse embryonic response to DNA damage
Authors: Wilson Yvonne , Morris Ian D , Kimber Susan J , Brison Daniel R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractApoptosis occurs primarily in the blastocyst inner cell mass, cells of which go on to form the foetus. Apoptosis is likely to play a role in ensuring the genetic integrity of the foetus, yet little is known about its regulation. In this study, the role of the mouse gene, transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53) in the response of embryos to in vitro culture and environmentally induced DNA damage was investigated using embryos from a Trp53 knockout mouse model. In vivo-derived blastocysts were compared to control embryos X-irradiated at the two-cell stage and cultured to Day 5. An analysis of DNA by comet assay demonstrated that 1.5 Gy X-irradiation directly induced damage in cultured two-cell mouse embryos; this was correlated with retarded development to blastocyst stage and increased apoptosis at the blastocyst stage but not prior to this. Trp53 null embryos developed to blastocysts at a higher frequency and with higher cell numbers than wild-type embryos. Trp53 also mediates apoptosis in conditions of low levels of DNA damage, in vivo or in vitro in the absence of irradiation. However, following DNA damage induced by X-irradiation, apoptosis is induced by Trp53 independent as well as dependent mechanisms. These data suggest that Trp53 and apoptosis play important roles in normal mouse embryonic development both in vitro and in vivo and in response to DNA damage. Therefore, clinical ART practices that alter apoptosis in human embryos and/or select embryos for transfer, which potentially lack a functional Trp53 gene, need to be carefully considered.
Comparison of Adverse Drug Reactions Between Patients Treated With Ceftaroline or Ceftriaxone: A Single-Center, Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Jansen Jeffrey W , Linneman Travis W , Tan Xing , Moenster Ryan P 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle information is available on the relative tolerability of ceftaroline versus other cephalosporins in clinical practice. We sought to compare adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with ceftaroline with those associated with ceftriaxone in hospitalized patients.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective, single-center matched cohort (according to age, indication, and duration) study of patients treated with ceftaroline or ceftriaxone at the VA St Louis Health Care System between 29 October 2010 and 28 March 2017, to compare rates of ADRs between the agents. Patients included received ≥2 doses of either medication to treat osteomyelitis, acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection, blood stream infection, pneumonia, infective endocarditis, septic arthritis, prosthetic joint infection, or empyema. The primary and secondary outcomes were the composite of any ADR during therapy and any ADR leading to premature discontinuation of therapy. The ADRs evaluated included rash, neutropenia, acute kidney injury, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, transaminitis, and hyperbilirubinemia.ResultsAfter matching, 50 patients per group were included and analyzed. An ADR occurred in 20% (10 of 50) of patients treated with ceftriaxone and 16% (8 of 50) of those treated with ceftaroline (P = .60). Two percent (1 of 50) of those treated with ceftriaxone and 16% (8 of 50) treated with ceftaroline had therapy discontinued owing to an ADR (P = .03). The most common ADR was eosinophilia (3 of 50) in the ceftriaxone group and rash (5 of 50) in the ceftaroline group. Ceftaroline therapy was identified as an independent risk factor for an ADR requiring premature discontinuation (odds ratio, 10.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–87.8; P = .03).ConclusionsAlthough there was no difference in the rates of ADRs between patients in the ceftriaxone and ceftaroline groups, significantly more ceftaroline-treated patients required premature discontinuation.
Identifying Schizo-Obsessive Comorbidity by Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and Probabilistic Tractography
Authors: Wang Yong-ming , Yang Zhuo-ya , Cai Xin-lu , Zhou Han-yu , Zhang Rui-ting , Yang Han-xue , Liang Yun-si , Zhu Xiong-zhao , Madsen Kristoffer Hougaard , Sørensen Thomas Alrik , Møller Arne , Wang Zhen , Cheung Eric F C , Chan Raymond C K 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA phenomenon in schizophrenia patients that deserves attention is the high comorbidity rate with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Little is known about the neurobiological basis of schizo-obsessive comorbidity (SOC). We aimed to investigate whether specific changes in white matter exist in patients with SOC and the relationship between such abnormalities and clinical parameters. Twenty-eight patients with SOC, 28 schizophrenia patients, 30 OCD patients, and 30 demographically matched healthy controls were recruited. Using Tract-based Spatial Statistics and Probabilistic Tractography, we examined the pattern of white matter abnormalities in these participants. We also used ANOVA and Support Vector Classification of various white matter indices and structural connection probability to further examine white matter changes among the 4 groups. We found that patients with SOC had decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased radial diffusivity in the right sagittal stratum and the left crescent of the fornix/stria terminalis compared with healthy controls. We also found changed connection probability in the Default Mode Network, the Subcortical Network, the Attention Network, the Task Control Network, the Visual Network, the Somatosensory Network, and the cerebellum in the SOC group compared with the other 3 groups. The classification results further revealed that FA features could differentiate the SOC group from the other 3 groups with an accuracy of .78. These findings highlight the specific white matter abnormalities found in patients with SOC.
A Call to Accountability: Reporting Outcomes in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Authors: Benedict James L. , Robbins Nicholas L. , Kaplan Bruce , Breidenbach Warren C. 
Published: June 2019

Summary:
Because nearly all the vascularized composite allotransplants performed in the United States have been proposed and carried out as research, the ethical duty to report outcomes pertains. This duty is set forth in several international statements, including the World Health Organization’s Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results, the 2013 Helsinki Declaration, and the Singapore Statement on Research Integrity. These international statements call for the reporting of negative and inconclusive outcomes as well as positive outcomes, and for the reporting of results from previously unreported past research. In 2014, the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network vascularized composite allotransplant committee proposed mandatory data collection and submission requirements for transplants, but only for those which took place in September 2015 or later. Reporting of data for the allotransplants which took place before September 2015 was regarded as optional, even though the pre-September 2015 transplants represent the majority of vascularized composite allotransplants in the United States and all the long-term outcome data. We encourage the American Society of Reconstructive Transplantation and the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network committee to embrace the international ethical standards and to hold all vascularized composite allotransplant programs in the United States accountable for reporting data on outcomes of pre-September 2015 transplants.