bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of physical activity and cardiorespiratory function or BMI and body composition in preterm‐born individuals: a systematic review
Authors: Spiegler Juliane , Eves Robert , Mendonça Marina , Wolke Dieter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak oxygen consumption (pVO2), body mass index (BMI) and body composition in preterm‐born individuals.MethodsCochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, AMED, ERIC, Web of Science and PsycInfo were searched with no restriction on language and date of publication from inception to January 2018. Data were extracted comparing preterm‐born individuals with different frequencies of PA and the outcome of interest.ResultsOne randomized controlled, two longitudinal and thirteen cross‐sectional studies comprising 1922 preterm‐born individuals aged 5–25 were included. Assessment varied from a PA program to accelerometer data, interviews and self‐report questionnaires. In preterm‐born children, more PA was associated with better cardiorespiratory function in those groups with impaired lung function or with lower BMI in those groups with increased risk factors, but no association was found in unimpaired children. In preterm‐born adults, more PA was associated with higher pVO2 and lower BMI.ConclusionOnly tentative conclusions can be drawn, especially regarding differences of the association of PA between preterm‐ and term‐born populations. Further studies are needed to analyse the association of PA in preterm‐born individuals with reduced cardiorespiratory function.
Randomised clinical trial: pregabalin vs placebo for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Saito Yuri A. , Almazar Ann E. , Tilkes Katherine E. , Choung Rok Seon , Van Norstrand Michael D. , Schleck Cathy D. , Zinsmeister Alan R. , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundPregabalin is a calcium channel α2δ ligand that modifies visceral hypersensitivity in IBS patients. Clinical data for pregabalin in IBS are lacking.AimTo test the efficacy of pregabalin on gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients.MethodsA double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was performed. Adults meeting IBS Rome III criteria with ≥3 pain attacks per month were randomised to pregabalin 225 mg vs placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Questionnaires were completed weekly. The primary endpoint was average pain Bowel Symptom Scale (BSS) scores weeks 9‐12. An intention‐to‐treat analysis of covariance evaluated treatment effects on quantitative endpoints, adjusting for age and gender. Adequate relief and change in pain score were assessed using a chi‐squared test.ResultsEighty‐five patients were recruited and randomised. Sample characteristics include: mean age 39.4 (SD = 14.6); 73 (86%) female; 37 (44%) IBS‐D, 29 (35%) IBS‐M, 18 (21%) IBS‐C. The pregabalin arm had lower average pain‐BSS scores weeks 9‐12 (25 vs 42, P = 0.008). Compared with placebo, the overall IBS BSS severity score was lower in the pregabalin arm (26 vs 42, P = 0.009). Differences were observed for the diarrhoea‐BSS and bloating‐BSS scores (P = 0.049 and 0.016, respectively). No differences between groups were seen for constipation‐BSS scores. Adequate relief was not different between the two arms (46% vs 36%, P = 0.35). 63% pregabalin vs 45% placebo had a change in pain score ≥30 at week 12 from baseline (P = 0.10). Post‐treatment IBS‐QoL scores did not differ between groups.ConclusionThis trial suggests that pregabalin may be beneficial for IBS abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhoea.
Editorial: moving towards a robust definition of sarcopenia in cirrhosis—authors' reply
Authors: Engelmann Cornelius , Schob Stefan , Seehofer Daniel , Berg Thomas 
Published: January 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Engelmann et al and Sinha papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15026 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15070.
Editorial: the role of vitamin D in autoimmune hepatitis—authors' reply
Authors: Ebadi Maryam , Czaja Albert J. , Montano‐Loza Aldo J. 
Published: January 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ebadi et al and Imga and Efe papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15029 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15075.
Mucosal IL13RA2 expression predicts nonresponse to anti‐TNF therapy in Crohn's disease
Authors: Verstockt Bram , Verstockt Sare , Creyns Brecht , Tops Sophie , Van Assche Gert , Gils Ann , Ceuppens Jan L. , Vermeire Séverine , Ferrante Marc , Breynaert Christine 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundIleocolonic expression of IL13RA2 has been identified as a predictive marker for nonresponsiveness to infliximab (IFX) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).AimTo validate the IL13RA2 biomarker, study its anti‐TNF specificity and get a better understanding of the underlying biology driving its expression.MethodsIL13RA2 mucosal expression was studied in a cohort of adalimumab and vedolizumab treated patients. To identify the upstream regulators of anti‐TNF nonresponsiveness, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was applied on publicly available microarray data of IFX‐treated patients. Selected serum proteins, including TNF, were measured prior to first IFX exposure and compared between healers and nonhealers.ResultsIncreased mucosal IL13RA2 expression prior to start of biological therapy was predictive for anti‐TNF nonresponsiveness specifically (AUROC, area under the curve = 0.90, P < 0.001 in anti‐TNF vs AUROC = 0.63, P = 0.30 in vedolizumab treated patients). In baseline biopsies, TNF‐driven pathways were significantly enriched in future anti‐TNF nonhealers (P = 5.0 × 10−34). We found an increased baseline mucosal TNF burden in nonhealers (P = 0.02), and TNF mRNA correlated significantly with IL13RA2 expression (ρ = 0.55, P = 0.02). Baseline serum TNF levels were significantly lower in nonhealers (P = 0.04), and correlated inversely with IFX serum induction levels (r = −0.45, P = 0.002 at week 6).ConclusionsIncreased mucosal IL13RA2 expression is associated with an increased mucosal TNF burden in CD patients. In view of its specificity for prediction of anti‐TNF therapy resistance, mucosal IL13RA2 expression is a potential biomarker for therapy selection and/or for the need of increased anti‐TNF drug dosing.
PORTFOLIO SELECTION BETWEEN A MATURE MARKET AND SELECTED EMERGING MARKETS INDICES IN THE PRESENCE OF STRUCTURAL BREAKS
Authors: Njegić Jovan , Živkov Dejan , Momčilović Mirela 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe paper examines the influence of the structural breaks on the optimal weights, hedge ratios and hedge effectiveness index (HEI) of risk‐minimizing portfolios composed of S&P500 and selected emerging markets’ indices from East Europe, Asia and South America. We employ a bivariate DCC‐EGARCH models without and with structural breaks and we find better estimation features when structural breaks are included in the model. However, we do not find evidence that insertion of structural breaks increases portfolio hedging performances. The differences that exist between optimal weights, hedge ratios and HEI values are so small that tangible economic benefit for international investors do not exist.
Impacts of an invasive ant species on roosting behavior of an island endemic flying‐fox
Authors: Dorrestein Annabel , Todd Christopher M. , Westcott David A. , Martin John M. , Welbergen Justin A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroduced species can cause major disruptions to ecosystems, particularly on islands. On Christmas Island, the invasive yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) has detrimental impacts on many animals ranging from the iconic red crabs (Gecarcoidea natalis) to the Christmas Island Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus erythropleurus). However, the full extent of its effects on the island's fauna is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the impact of the yellow crazy ants on the island's last native mammal: the Christmas Island flying‐fox (Pteropus natalis). This species has been described as a keystone species, but has recently experienced substantial population decline to the extent that it is now listed as Critically Endangered. We examined the impacts of the yellow crazy ants on the roosting behavior of the Christmas Island flying‐fox, and on its local and island‐wide distribution patterns. We showed that the crazy ants increased behaviors in the flying‐foxes that were associated with avoidance of noxious stimuli and decreased behaviors associated with resting. Roost tree selection and roost site location were not related to variation in the abundance of crazy ants on the island. Our results indicate that the crazy ants interfere with the activity budgets of the flying‐foxes. However, the flying‐foxes failed to relocate to ant‐free roost trees or roost sites when confronted with the noxious ant, suggesting that the flying‐foxes are either not sufficiently disturbed to override strong cultural attachment to roosts, or, are behaving maladaptively due to ecological naïveté.
Prevention of psychological distress and promotion of resilience amongst unaccompanied refugee minors in resettlement countries
Authors: Mitra Ritu , Hodes Matthew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimAs increasing numbers of unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) are arriving in Europe, there is a need to investigate which factors promote psychological resilience and improve their mental health. This review aims to identify preventive post settlement influences, including living arrangements, access to mental health services, and effective treatments that may improve mental health outcomes.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted of published papers in any language for children (<18 years) entering a host country, unaccompanied and seeking asylum. Specific studies were eligible if they examined any treatment or nontreatment influences on mental health or psychological resilience for the URM. Thirteen published quantitative studies were identified.ResultsURMs in more supportive living arrangements including foster care had lower risk of PTSD and lower depressive symptoms compared with those in semi‐independent care arrangements. URMs living in reception settings that restricted freedom had more anxiety symptoms. Regarding help seeking, one study found only 30% of URMs had foster parents or guardians who could detect a mental health need. Two papers found the URMs had low levels of contact with mental health services despite the high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms. URMs were less likely than accompanied children to receive trauma‐focused interventions, cognitive therapy, or even practical assistance with basic social needs.With regard to treatment evaluation, only case series were identified. Three studies found cognitive behavioural therapy improved PTSD symptoms and mental health outcomes. A less structured approach (mental health counselling alone) did not improve functional health outcomes.ConclusionHigher support living arrangements with low restrictions are associated with lower psychological distress. Most URMs are not receiving psychological interventions, and there is a dearth of studies evaluating treatment effectiveness for this group. There is an urgent need for more research to investigate pathways to mental health services and treatment efficacy in this vulnerable group.
Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilization associated with myasthenia gravis: Assessments from a Japanese claims database
Authors: Murai Hiroyuki , Hasebe Miki , Murata Tatsunori , Utsugisawa Kimiaki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the burden of illness for refractory and non‐refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) in Japanese patients.MethodsAdults in a large Japanese health insurance claims database (1 September 2008 to 31 October 2016) were included in this retrospective, observational study if they had: at least two separate claims coded asMGby a neurologist; and continuous enrollment for 12 months after anyMGclaim (non‐refractory cohort) or the earliest claim associated with refractory disease (refractory cohort). A cohort with Parkinson's disease was used as the reference for the burden of illness ofMG, and comprised patients matched (sex, age and index date) to patients withMG. Outcomes included respiratory failure, myasthenic exacerbations, outpatient hospital and emergency room visits, and hospitalizations.ResultsA significantly greater proportion of the refractory cohort (n = 165) than the non‐refractory cohort (n = 3137) experienced respiratory failure (17.0%vs5.5%, respectively;P < 0.001) and/or exacerbations (57.6%vs5.8%, respectively;P < 0.001) over 12 months. The mean numbers of hospitalizations (0.68vs0.09/year), emergency room visits (0.07vs0.03/year) and outpatient hospital visits (16.79vs11.88/year), and the mean duration of hospital stays (22.19vs2.81 days/year) were also significantly greater for the refractory cohort (allP < 0.001). Except for emergency room visits, healthcare resource utilization was significantly greater for non‐refractoryMGthan for Parkinson's disease (n = 3168).ConclusionsIn Japanese patients, refractoryMGis associated with a greater clinical burden and healthcare resource utilization than non‐refractoryMG.
Functional Maps Representation On Product Manifolds
Authors: Rodolà E. , Lähner Z. , Bronstein A. M. , Bronstein M. M. , Solomon J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe consider the tasks of representing, analysing and manipulating maps between shapes. We model maps as densities over the product manifold of the input shapes; these densities can be treated as scalar functions and therefore are manipulable using the language of signal processing on manifolds. Being a manifold itself, the product space endows the set of maps with a geometry of its own, which we exploit to define map operations in the spectral domain; we also derive relationships with other existing representations (soft maps and functional maps). To apply these ideas in practice, we discretize product manifolds and their Laplace–Beltrami operators, and we introduce localized spectral analysis of the product manifold as a novel tool for map processing. Our framework applies to maps defined between and across 2D and 3D shapes without requiring special adjustment, and it can be implemented efficiently with simple operations on sparse matrices.
Piroxicam‐induced fixed drug eruption: Cross‐reactivity with meloxicam
Authors: Ben Romdhane Haifa , Ammar Helmi , Ben Fadhel Najeh , Chadli Zohra , Ben Fredj Nadia , Boughattas Naceur A. , Chaabane Amel , Aouam Karim 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs constitute a main cause of fixed drug eruption (FDE). A few cases of piroxicam‐induced FDE have been reported; however, the cross‐reactivity among oxicams has rarely been evaluated.ObjectivesTo describe a series of patients with piroxicam‐induced FDE, mostly confirmed by a positive patch test reaction, in whom cross‐reactivity to meloxicam was assessed.MethodsWe included all cases of piroxicam‐induced FDE diagnosed in the department of pharmacovigilance of Monastir. Patch tests for piroxicam and meloxicam were performed in the involved skin according to the European Network on Drug Allergy recommendations. Oral provocation tests (OPTs) were performed for patients with negative skin test results.ResultsSeven patients were included in this study. FDE was multiple for five patients and solitary for two. Bullous eruption was noticed in two cases. Lesional patch tests for piroxicam gave positive results in six patients. To assess cross‐reactivity with meloxicam, this was patch tested. The test gave a positive result in only one patient. OPTs with meloxicam gave positive results in two patients with negative patch test results.ConclusionMeloxicam is not a safe alternative for the treatment of piroxicam‐induced FDE, and OPTs can be used to confirm tolerance before this drug is prescribed as a safer alternative.
A comparison between point‐of‐care testing and venous glucose determination for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus 6–12 weeks after gestational diabetes
Authors: Coetzee A. , van de Vyver M. , Hoffmann M. , Hall D. R. , Mason D. , Conradie M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate point‐of‐care‐testing (POCT) for the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus 6–12 weeks post‐partum in women with gestational diabetes (GDM).MethodsPost‐partum glucose assessment (75‐mg oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) was performed prospectively in 122 women with GDM (1 November 2015 to 1 November 2017) at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Individuals with known pre‐existing diabetes were excluded. The accuracy and clinical utility of POCT (capillary finger‐prick) were compared with laboratory plasma glucose (hexokinase and glucokinase methods). The OGTT consisted of two time points (fasting and 2 h) during which concurrent glucose samples (POCT and laboratory) were obtained. Bland–Altman plots and paired analysis were used to assess the analytical accuracy of POCT, whereas its diagnostic performance was determined using positive and negative predictive values to calculate specificity and sensitivity.ResultsSpearman's ranked correlation analysis indicated a strong association between POCT and laboratory glucose values at both OGTT time points (fasting, r = 0.95, P < 0.0001; 2 h, r = 0.88, P < 0.0001). Thirty‐six women were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes based on gold standard laboratory glucose levels (fasting > 7 mmol/l; 2 h > 11.1 mmol/l). POCT correctly identified Type 2 diabetes in 78% of women (28 of 36) with a positive predictive value of 89.3% and a negative predictive value of 96.7% at the fasting time point. The sensitivity and specificity of POCT to diagnose Type 2 diabetes were 89% (fasting), 85.7% (2 h) and 96.7% (fasting), 98.5% (2 h) respectively. POCT proved less sensitive to diagnose pre‐diabetes (69%) but displayed satisfactory specificity (92%) at both time points assessed.ConclusionPOCT accurately identifies women with Type 2 diabetes 6–12 weeks after GDM.
Impact of board gender composition on corporate debt maturity structures
Authors: Li Yiwei , Zhang Xiu‐Ye 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of female directors on corporate debt maturity structures. We find that firms with a higher ratio of female directors tend to have a larger proportion of short‐maturity debt. This effect is more pronounced with female independent directors and is insignificant with female inside directors. These findings remain robust under propensity score matching and instrumental variable approaches to address potential endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, we find that our results are driven primarily by firms with weak governance quality and low financial constraints. We also find that the effect does not differ between high‐ and low‐leveraged firms, and there is a negative relation between female directors and likelihood of overinvestment. This evidence suggests that female directors view short‐term debt as a monitoring device.
Rapid evolution in response to warming does not affect the toxicity of a pollutant: Insights from experimental evolution in heated mesocosms
Authors: Zhang Chao , Jansen Mieke , De Meester Luc , Stoks Robby 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhile human‐induced stressors such as warming and pollutants may co‐occur and interact, evolutionary studies typically focus on single stressors. Rapid thermal evolution may help organisms better deal with warming, yet it remains an open question whether thermal evolution changes the toxicity of pollutants under warming. We investigated the effects of exposure to a novel pollutant (zinc oxide nanoparticles, nZnO) and 4°C warming (20°C vs. 24°C) on key life history and physiological traits of the water flea Daphnia magna, a keystone species in aquatic ecosystems. To address the role of thermal evolution, we compared these effects between clones from an experimental evolution trial where animals were kept for two years in outdoor mesocosms at ambient temperatures or ambient +4°C. The nZnO was more toxic at 20°C than at 24°C: only at 20°C, it caused reductions in early fecundity, intrinsic growth rate and metabolic activity. This was due to a higher accumulated zinc burden at 20°C than at 24°C, which was associated with an upregulation of a metallothionein gene at 20°C but not at 24°C. Clones from the heated mesocosms better dealt with warming than clones from the ambient mesocosms, indicating rapid thermal evolution. Notably, rapid thermal evolution did not change the toxicity of nZnO, neither at 20°C nor at 24°C, suggesting no pleiotropy or metabolic trade‐offs were at work under the current experimental design. Evaluating whether thermal evolution influences the toxicity of pollutants is important for ecological risk assessment. It provides key information to extrapolate laboratory‐derived toxicity estimates of pollutants both in space to warmer regions and in time under future global warming scenarios. In general, studying how the evolution of tolerance to one anthropogenic stressor influence tolerance to other anthropogenic stressors should get more attention in a rapidly changing world where animals increasingly face combinations of stressors.
Mesenteric strangulation by pedunculated lipomas without involvement of associated intestine in four horses
Authors: Bauck A. G. , Graham A. S. , Smith A. , Rapp H. J. , Freeman D. E. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAn unusual form of strangulation of mesentery only by pedunculated lipoma was identified as the cause of moderate to severe colic in four horses. The small intestinal mesentery was involved in three horses and the small colon mesentery in the fourth horse, but the associated intestine was not strangulated, haemorrhagic, nor obviously obstructed in any horse. In all horses, a patch of haemorrhagic mesentery of variable size was evident around the origin of a mesenteric lipoma and a major mesenteric vessel. One horse was subjected to euthanasia at the owner's request and the remaining three had surgery from which they made a complete recovery after the removal of the lipoma. Intestinal resection was not performed in any of the three horses undergoing surgery. An isolated mesenteric strangulation by lipoma is an uncommon cause of colic in older horses that have the typical presentation of a strangulating lipoma. The removal of the involved lipoma without mesenteric or intestinal resection can be associated with complete recovery.