bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunometabolic modulation of retinal inflammation by CD36 ligand
Authors: Mellal Katia , Omri Samy , Mulumba Mukandila , Tahiri Houda , Fortin Carl , Dorion Marie-France , Pham Hung , Garcia Ramos Yesica , Zhang Jinqiang , Pundir Sheetal , Joyal Jean-Sébastien , Bouchard Jean-François , Sennlaub Florian , Febbraio Maria , Hardy Pierre , Gravel Simon-Pierre , Marleau Sylvie , Lubell William D. , Chemtob Sylvain , Ong Huy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn subretinal inflammation, activated mononuclear phagocytes (MP) play a key role in the progression of retinopathies. Little is known about the mechanism involved in the loss of photoreceptors leading to vision impairment. Studying retinal damage induced by photo-oxidative stress, we observed that cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-deficient mice featured less subretinal MP accumulation and attenuated photoreceptor degeneration. Moreover, treatment with a CD36-selective azapeptide ligand (MPE-001) reduced subretinal activated MP accumulation in wild type mice and preserved photoreceptor layers and function as assessed by electroretinography in a CD36-dependent manner. The azapeptide modulated the transcriptome of subretinal activated MP by reducing pro-inflammatory markers. In isolated MP, MPE-001 induced dissociation of the CD36-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) oligomeric complex, decreasing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. In addition, MPE-001 caused an aerobic metabolic shift in activated MP, involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation, which in turn mitigated inflammation. Accordingly, PPAR-γ inhibition blocked the cytoprotective effect of MPE-001 on photoreceptor apoptosis elicited by activated MP. By altering activated MP metabolism, MPE-001 decreased immune responses to alleviate subsequent inflammation-dependent neuronal injury characteristic of various vision-threatening retinal disorders.
Dichoptic vision in the absence of attention: neither fusion nor rivalry
Authors: Qian Cheng Stella , Ling Sam , Brascamp Jan W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhen the two eyes’ processing streams meet in visual cortex, two things can happen: sufficiently similar monocular inputs are combined into a fused representation, whereas markedly different inputs engage in rivalry. Interestingly, the emergence of rivalry appears to require attention. Withdrawing attention causes the alternating monocular dominance that characterizes rivalry to cease, apparently allowing both monocular signals to be processed simultaneously. What happens to these signals in this case, however, remains something of a mystery; are they fused into an integrated representation? In a set of experiments, we show this not to be the case: visual aftereffects are consistent with the simultaneous yet separate presence of two segregated monocular representations, rather than a joint representation. These results provide evidence that dichoptic vision without attention prompts a third and previously unknown mode, where both eyes’ inputs receive equal processing, but escape interocular fusion.
A transcriptome-based phylogenetic study of hard ticks (Ixodidae)
Authors: Charrier N. Pierre , Hermouet Axelle , Hervet Caroline , Agoulon Albert , Barker Stephen C. , Heylen Dieter , Toty Céline , McCoy Karen D. , Plantard Olivier , Rispe Claude 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHard ticks are widely distributed across temperate regions, show strong variation in host associations, and are potential vectors of a diversity of medically important zoonoses, such as Lyme disease. To address unresolved issues with respect to the evolutionary relationships among certain species or genera, we produced novel RNA-Seq data sets for nine different Ixodes species. We combined this new data with 18 data sets obtained from public databases, both for Ixodes and non-Ixodes hard tick species, using soft ticks as an outgroup. We assembled transcriptomes (for 27 species in total), predicted coding sequences and identified single copy orthologues (SCO). Using Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian frameworks, we reconstructed a hard tick phylogeny for the nuclear genome. We also obtained a mitochondrial DNA-based phylogeny using published genome sequences and mitochondrial sequences derived from the new transcriptomes. Our results confirm previous studies showing that the Ixodes genus is monophyletic and clarify the relationships among Ixodes sub-genera. This work provides a baseline for studying the evolutionary history of ticks: we indeed found an unexpected acceleration of substitutions for mitochondrial sequences of Prostriata, and for nuclear and mitochondrial genes of two species of Rhipicephalus, which we relate with patterns of genome architecture and changes of life-cycle, respectively.
Beyond duty hours: leveraging large-scale paging data to monitor resident workload
Authors: Kaushal Amit , Katznelson Laurence , Harrington Robert A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMonitoring and managing resident workload is a cornerstone of policy in graduate medical education, and the duty hours metric is the backbone of current regulations. While the duty hours metric measures hours worked, it does not capture differences in intensity of work completed during those hours, which may independently contribute to fatigue and burnout. Few such metrics exist. Digital data streams generated during the usual course of hospital operations can serve as a novel source of insight into workload intensity by providing high-resolution, minute-by-minute data at the individual level; however, study and use of these data streams for workload monitoring has been limited to date. Paging data is one such data stream. In this work, we analyze over 500,000 pages—two full years of pages in an academic internal medicine residency program—to characterize paging patterns among housestaff. We demonstrate technical feasibility, validity, and utility of paging burden as a metric to provide insight into resident workload beyond duty hours alone, and illustrate a general framework for evaluation and incorporation of novel digital data streams into resident workload monitoring.
Clozapine Disrupts Endothelial Nitric Oxide Signaling and Antioxidant System for its Cardiovascular Complications
Authors: Nair Gayathri M. , Skaria Dona Sheba , James Teenu , Kanthlal S. K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective Many drugs in current practice require additional safety labels in order to prevent potential risks to the major organ system. Psychotropic agent clozapine has been reported to produce myocarditis and other cardiac complications on repeated use. Our study aimed to establish the role of clozapine in vascular damage associated with nitric oxide metabolism.
Method Isolated aortic strips incubated with clozapine at different dose levels were estimated for nitrite release and antioxidant systems such as glutathione and catalase. Vascular integrity assessment was performed by recording the acetylcholine induced relaxation of phenyephrine pre-contracted aorta.
Result From our study, it was found that clozapine depletes the nitric oxide level in the endothelium and enhance the oxidative stress. The aorta fails to relax completely after the addition of acetylcholine indicates the deranged eNOS signaling in the endothelium.
Conclusion From the experimental findings, it was concluded that clozapine could depress the eNOS regulation and thereby perhaps initiates cardiovascular complications through subsequent vascular events
Acute Effects of Different Training Loads on Affective Responses in Resistance-trained Men
Authors: Ribeiro Alex S. , dos Santos Erick D. , Nunes João Pedro , Schoenfeld Brad J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of different training loads on ratings of perceived exertion and discomfort and feelings of pleasure/displeasure in resistance-trained men. Twelve resistance-trained men (26.7±3.5 years, 85.1±17.5 kg, and 174. 9±9.9 cm) performed 3 sets of the bench press, squat on a hack machine, and lat pulldown, until volitional concentric failure in two separate conditions: a moderate load (MOD) consisting of a relative load of 8–12 repetitions maximum (RM), and a light load (LIT) consisting of a relative load of 25–30RM. The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), session rating of perceived discomfort (sRPD), and session pleasure/displeasure feelings (sPDF) were assessed after 15 min after the ending of each session. A randomized, counterbalanced, crossover study was performed with 48 h recovery afforded between sessions. Differences between conditions were observed for sRPE and sRPD, in which scores for LIT were greater than MOD (sRPE: MOD=5.5±1.0 vs. LIT=6.4±0.7; sRPD: MOD=6.7±1.7 vs. LIT=8.7±1.0). For sPDF, MOD reported feelings of pleasure (1.2), whereas the LIT presented a feeling of displeasure (–2.3). Results suggest that resistance training performed with a light load until failure induces higher degrees of effort, discomfort and displeasure compared to a moderate load.
Surgical Outcomes and Risk Analysis of Primary Pulmonary Sarcoma
Authors: Yamada Yoshito , Kaplan Tevfik , Soltermann Alex , Schmitt-Opitz Isabelle , Schneiter Didier , Weder Walter , Inci Ilhan 
Published: September 2019

Background Primary pulmonary sarcoma (PPS) is a rare malignant lung neoplasm, and there is very little medical evidence about treatment of PPS. The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcome of patients who underwent surgical resection for PPS.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent surgical resection for PPS in our institution between 1995 and 2014. Cases who only underwent biopsy were excluded.Results A total of 24 patients (18 males, 6 females), with a median age of 60 (interquartile range: 44–67) years, were analyzed. The surgical procedures performed in these patients were pneumonectomy (n = 10), lobectomy (n = 11), and wedge resection (n = 3). Complete resection was achieved in 16 patients. The pathological stages (tumor, node, metastases lung cancer classification, 8th edition) of the patients were I (n = 4), II (n = 12), III (n = 2), and IV (n = 5), and there were four cases of lymph node metastasis. The 5-year overall survival rate of the patients was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29–72). Adverse prognostic factors for overall survival were incomplete resection (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.4, 95% CI: 2.1–42), advanced pathological stage (HR 14, 95% CI: 2.8–66), higher pathological grade (HR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.2–17), and tumor size ≥ 7 cm (HR 4.7, 95% CI: 1.1–21).Conclusions Our series of PPS revealed that incomplete resection, advanced pathological stage, higher pathological grade, and tumor size were unfavorable factors for long-term survival.
Multiparametric MRI and MR Spectroscopic Imaging of Prostate Lesions with Implementation of PI-RADS and Histopathological Correlation: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy , Majumdar Pooja 
Published: September 2019

Introduction Majority of the elderly male population suffers from prostatism due to enlargement of the prostate as a result of what is now regarded as male climacteric. For standardizing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate, the European Society of Urogenital Radiology published Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) in 2012. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) uses a strong magnetic field to obtain metabolic information that identifies the relative concentrations of various metabolites in the cell cytoplasm and the extracellular space. Prostate carcinoma is associated with proportionately lower levels of citrate and higher levels of choline and creatine than are seen in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or in normal prostate. This difference can be detected by MRSI.
Aim This study has been undertaken with the objective of finding how reliable MRI is in establishing the diagnosis of lesions of prostate and to correlate the histopathological (HPE) findings of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)–guided targeted prostate biopsy with the PI-RADS scoring (Version 2) on MRI in patients. Also, the study evaluates the accuracy of MRSI in the detection of prostatic carcinoma in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
Materials and Methods A prospective study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital during a period of 2 years from May 2017 to April 2019 on 50 patients with PSA > 4 ng/dL and with palpable lesion on digital rectal examination. MRI and MRSI were performed with a 1.5-Tesla body MRI system. The pelvic phased-array coil was used for both excitation and signal reception. Imaging was done using standard protocols. Histological material was obtained from prostate chippings from transurethral resection of prostate.
Results Fifty patients with elevated PSA levels underwent MRI, MRSI, TRUS-guided biopsy and documented PI-RADS scores. Eight patients had PI-RADS 1 score, 2 patients had PI-RADS 2 score, 8 patients had PI-RADS 3 score, 14 patients had PI-RAD 4 score, and 18 patients had PI-RADS 5 score. Thirty-two patients with PI-RADS 4 and PI-RADS 5 on imaging showed positive for malignancy on HPE, showing significant association on Chi-square test with X2 = 16.412 and p < 0.001 (statistically significant). MRSI detected 36 patients on biopsy proven cases of carcinoma (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 64%, and accuracy 88%).
Conclusion This study showed a very good correlation between positivity of prostate carcinoma on HPE and higher PI-RADS (4 and 5, respectively). PI-RADS overall score had 94% sensitivity compared with components such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI, 78%) and T2 hypointensity (72%). MRSI is more sensitive and specific compared with T2-weighted images alone.
Chinese cinema in Spain
Authors: Casas-Tost Helena , Rovira-Esteva Sara 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAudiovisual translation has become one of the main means of communication between cultures. Although the number of Chinese films that reach Spanish audiences is rather limited, the cinema is still a very powerful tool in bridging the gap between these two cultures. This paper aims to give an overview of the situation of Chinese cinema in Spain through audiovisual translation. In order to do so, a database of 500 Chinese films translated into Spanish has been created. For each film, different types of information organized into three blocks have been collected: firstly, data regarding the source film in Chinese; secondly, data on the translated film; and finally, information about paratexts related to the film in Chinese, Spanish and English. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of our data the main trends in Chinese-Spanish audiovisual translation from the mid-1970s to today are shown. Our results identify the most popular Chinese directors and the main genres and translation modalities. We point out the role of the translator and the importance of mediating languages; and, finally, we highlight the significance of distribution channels, particularly film festivals. This article aims at filling the gap with regard to research in audiovisual translation as an intercultural exchange between China and Spain.
Serum‐free media supplements carry miRNAs that co‐purify with extracellular vesicles
Authors: Auber Martin , Fröhlich Dominik , Drechsel Oliver , Karaulanov Emil , Krämer‐Albers Eva‐Maria 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTRecent studies on extracellular RNA raised awareness that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from cultured cells may co‐purify RNAs derived from media supplements such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) confounding EV‐associated RNA. Defined culture media supplemented with a range of nutrient components provide an alternative to FBS addition and allow EV‐collection under full medium conditions avoiding starvation and cell stress during the collection period. However, the potential contribution of serum‐free media supplements to EV‐RNA contamination has remained elusive and has never been assessed. Here, we report that RNA isolated from EVs harvested from cells under serum‐replacement conditions includes miRNA contaminants carried into the sample by defined media components. Subjecting unconditioned, EV‐free medium to differential centrifugation followed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) on RNA isolated from the pellet resulted in detection of miRNAs that had been classified as EV‐enriched by RNA‐seq or RT‐qPCR of an isolated EV‐fraction. Ribonuclease (RNase‐A) and detergent treatment removed most but not all of the contaminating miRNAs. Further analysis of the defined media constituents identified Catalase as a main source of miRNAs co‐isolating together with EVs. Hence, miRNA contaminants can be carried into EV‐samples even under serum‐free harvesting conditions using culture media that are expected to be chemically defined. Formulation of miRNA‐free media supplements may provide a solution to collect EVs clean from confounding miRNAs, which however still remains a challenging task. Differential analysis of EVs collected under full medium and supplement‐deprived conditions appears to provide a strategy to discriminate confounding and EV‐associated RNA. In conclusion, we recommend careful re‐evaluation and validation of EV small RNA‐seq and RT‐qPCR datasets by determining potential medium background.
A gate-free MoS2 phototransistor assisted by ferroelectrics
Authors: Wu Shuaiqin , Wu Guangjian , Wang Xudong , Chen Yan , Lin Tie , Shen Hong , Hu Weida , Meng Xiangjian , Wang Jianlu , Chu Junhao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
During the past decades, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received special focus for their unique properties in photoelectric detection. As one important member of TMDs, MoS2 has been made into photodetector purely or combined with other materials, such as graphene, ionic liquid, and ferroelectric materials. Here, we report a gate-free MoS2 phototransistor combined with organic ferroelectric material poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)). In this device, the remnant polarization field in P(VDF-TrFE) is obtained from the piezoelectric force microscope (PFM) probe with a positive or negative bias, which can turn the dipoles from disorder to be the same direction. Then, the MoS2 channel can be maintained at an accumulated state with downward polarization field modulation and a depleted state with upward polarization field modulation. Moreover, the P(VDF-TrFE) segregates MoS2 from oxygen and water molecules around surroundings, which enables a cleaner surface state. As a photodetector, an ultra-low dark current of 10–11 A, on/off ration of more than 104 and a fast photoresponse time of 120 μs are achieved. This work provides a new method to make high-performance phototransistors assisted by the ferroelectric domain which can operate without a gate electrode and demonstrates great potential for ultra-low power consumption applications.
Giant modulation of magnetism in (Ga,Mn)As ultrathin films via electric field
Authors: Wang Hailong , Ma Jialin , Zhao Jianhua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Taking the advantages of semiconducting properties and carrier-mediated ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)As, a giant modulation of magnetism via electric field in (Ga,Mn)As ultrathin film has been demonstrated. Specifically, huge interfacial electric field is obtained by using ionic liquid as the gate dielectric. Both magnetization and transport measurements are employed to characterize the samples, while the transport data are used to analyze the electric filed effect on magnetism. Complete demagnetization of (Ga,Mn)As film is then realized by thinning its thickness down to ~2 nm, during which the degradation of ferromagnetism of (Ga,Mn)As ultrathin film induced by quantum confinement effect is suppressed by inserting a heavily-doped p-type GaAs buffer layer. The variation of the Curie temperature is more than 100 K, which is nearly 5-times larger than previous results. Our results provide a new pathway on the efficient electrical control of magnetism.
Increased individual homozygosity is correlated with low fitness in a fragmented lizard population
Authors: Pérez-Tris Javier , Llanos-Garrido Alejandro , Bloor Paul , Carbonell Roberto , Tellería José Luis , Santos Tomás , Díaz José A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIsolation owing to anthropogenic habitat fragmentation is expected to increase the homozygosity of individuals, which might reduce their fitness as a result of inbreeding depression. Using samples from a fragmented population of the lizard Psammodromus algirus, for which we had data about two correlates of fitness, we genotyped individuals for six microsatellite loci that correctly capture genome-wide individual homozygosity of these lizards (as validated with an independent sample of lizards genotyped for both these microsatellites and &gt; 70 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms). Our data revealed genetic structure at a very small geographical scale, which was compatible with restricted gene flow among populations disconnected in a matrix of inhospitable habitat. Lizards from the same fragment were genetically more related to one another than expected by chance, and individual homozygosity was greater in small than in large fragments. Within fragments, individual homozygosity was negatively associated with adult body size and clutch mass, revealing a link among reduced gene flow, increased homozygosity and lowered fitness that might reduce population viability deterministically. Our results contribute to mounting evidence of the impact of the loss of genetic diversity on fragmented wild populations.