bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling cognitive task complexity
Authors: Sasayama Shoko , Norris John 
Published: July 2019

Cognitive task complexity, which refers to the complexity or difficulty of a given task, has received substantial interest from researchers in various fields, including task-based language teaching (TBLT), second language acquisition, language testing, cognitive psychology, and education. In TBLT, researchers hope to make sense of complexity in order to design tasks that promote L2 performance, interaction, and learning. In this domain of research, Peter Skehan’s contributions are seminal. His Limited Attentional Capacity approach (1998) has inspired a large number of studies on cognitive task complexity and encouraged a healthy theoretical debate. In particular, his careful observations of the relationship between task characteristics and learner performance (as seen, for example, in Skehan, 2009, 2016) have demonstrated the importance of exploring in detail the nature of particular task characteristics (a priori design features and beyond) and the associated possibilities for improvement or deterioration in learners’ task performances.
Inspired by his work, the current study explores how learners responded to four picture-based oral narration tasks with varying degrees of complexity by design. A total of 120 English-L2 speakers in Japan narrated four picture sequences, each containing one, two, four, or nine characters (hence, varying degrees of cognitive task complexity by design). To gauge their perceptions of each task, learners rated each version according to perceived difficulty and mental effort exerted, and they provided written explanatory comments for their ratings.
Participants’ comments revealed three overarching categories of factors to which they attributed difficulty/effort associated with the tasks: conceptual input, code complexity, and performance factors. Further analysis of their comments from the perspective of Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller, 1994) indicated that difficulty/effort was associated with three distinct types of cognitive complexity: (a) intrinsic complexity related to learners’ English proficiency; (b) extraneous complexity that was perceived to be deleterious or irrelevant to task performance; and (c) germane complexity that encouraged learners to focus on improved performance. Of particular interest for task designers, the task with a combination of low extraneous and high germane complexity elicited the best performances, as measured by syntactic complexity, linguistic accuracy, lexical variety, and fluency indices. The paper concludes by indicating directions to be taken in future task complexity research.
Self- and interdiffusion in dilute liquid germanium-based alloys
Authors: Weis H , Kargl F , Kolbe M , Koza M M , Unruh T , Meyer A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Self- and inter-diffusion coefficients in liquid Ge and dilute Ge-based Ge–Si, Ge–Au, Ge–In, Ge–Ce and Ge–Gd alloys-containing 2 at% additions, respectively, are measured using a comprehensive approach of measuring techniques: quasi-elastic neutron scattering, in situ long-capillary experiments combined with x-ray radiography, and a long-capillary experiment under microgravity conditions. Resulting inter- and Ge self-diffusion coefficients are equal within error bars for each investigated alloy. The interdiffusion coefficients are smaller for the alloys containing Ce and Gd, However, no dependence of the atomic mass of the minor additions, that varies by about a factor of seven between Si and Au, on the diffusion coefficients could be observed. This demonstrates that in a loosely-packed metallic liquid with fast diffusive dynamics the diffusion mechanism is highly collective in nature.
Dynamics of scrape-off layer filaments in high β plasmas
Authors: Hoare T , Militello F , Omotani J T , Riva F , Newton S , Nicholas T , Ryan D , Walkden N R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The role of magnetic perturbations generated by filaments in the scrape-off layer is investigated by performing simulations of 3D seeded filaments with an electromagnetic numerical code which includes sheath boundary conditions. Depending on the plasma β, three smoothly connecting regimes were identified: an electrostatic regime where the magnetic field is substantially unaffected by the motion of the filament, an intermediate regime where the magnetic field is excited but relaxes within the filament’s lifetime and an electromagnetic regime where the frozen-in condition is well satisfied. The electromagnetic effects are found to have a significant impact on the filament dynamics at values of β relevant for fusion devices, including increased midplane radial velocity, bending of the filament and braiding of magnetic field lines. Importantly, a finite Alfvén speed can allow electrical disconnection of the target and the upstream part of the filament, thus removing the slowing down effect associated with the sheath and producing faster filaments and more intense cross-field transport in perturbations that were affected by the sheath in the β = 0 limit.
Validity of local thermal equilibrium in anomalous heat diffusion
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Sha , Li Baowen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Local thermal equilibrium (LTE) is a general presumption of many theoretical analyses in nonequilibrium statistical physics. It describes a situation that although the system is not in global thermal equilibrium, each small portion of the system may still be described approximately by the laws of thermal equilibrium. The validity of LTE has however seldom been investigated carefully. Here, by studying the ensemble velocity distribution and its spatial correlation, we present strong evidences for the lack of LTE in anomalous heat diffusion processes in one dimensional harmonic lattices and the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam-β lattices. In particular, clear nonzero excess kurtosis and long range correlations have been observed, with values scaling linearly with the initial temperature difference. Therefore near thermal equilibrium is not sufficient to achieve LTE. Some existing studies that are based on the existence of LTE should be revisited. Using the same methods, we also show that LTE is still valid in the ϕ
4 lattice, in which heat diffuses following Fourier’s law.
Strong-field photoelectron momentum imaging of OCS at finely resolved incident intensities
Authors: Wiese Joss , Olivieri Jean-François , Trabattoni Andrea , Trippel Sebastian , Küpper Jochen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Photoelectron momentum distributions from strong-field ionization of carbonyl sulfide with 800 nm central-wavelength laser pulses at various peak intensities from 4.6 to 13 × 1013 W cm−2 were recorded and analyzed regarding resonant Rydberg states and photoelectron orbital angular momentum. The evaluation of the differentials of the momentum distributions with respect to the peak intensity highly suppressed the impact of focal volume averaging and allowed for the unambiguous recognition of Freeman resonances. As a result, previously made assignments of photoelectron lines could be reassigned. An earlier reported empirical rule, which relates the initial state's orbital momentum and the minimum photon expense to ionize an ac Stark shifted atomic system to the observable dominant photoelectron orbital momentum, was confirmed for the molecular target.
A generalized phase space approach for solving quantum spin dynamics
Authors: Zhu Bihui , Rey Ana Maria , Schachenmayer Johannes 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Numerical techniques to efficiently model out-of-equilibrium dynamics in interacting quantum many-body systems are key for advancing our capability to harness and understand complex quantum matter. Here we propose a new numerical approach which we refer to as generalized discrete truncated Wigner approximation (GDTWA). It is based on a discrete semi-classical phase space sampling and allows to investigate quantum dynamics in lattice spin systems with arbitrary S ≥ 1/2. We show that the GDTWA can accurately simulate dynamics of large ensembles in arbitrary dimensions. We apply it for S > 1/2 spin-models with dipolar long-range interactions, a scenario arising in recent experiments with magnetic atoms. We show that the method can capture beyond mean-field effects, not only at short times, but it also can correctly reproduce long time quantum-thermalization dynamics. We benchmark the method with exact diagonalization in small systems, with perturbation theory for short times, and with analytical predictions made for models which feature quantum-thermalization at long times. We apply our method to study dynamics in large S > 1/2 spin-models and compute experimentally accessible observables such as Zeeman level populations, contrast of spin coherence, spin squeezing, and entanglement quantified by single-spin Renyi entropies. We reveal that large S systems can feature larger entanglement than corresponding S = 1/2 systems. Our analyses demonstrate that the GDTWA can be a powerful tool for modeling complex spin dynamics in regimes where other state-of-the art numerical methods fail.
Precision Determination of the Light Quark Masses from QCD Finite Energy Sum Rules
Authors: Mes Alexes K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The light quark masses are determined from a QCD finite energy sum rule, using the pseudoscalar correlator to six-loop order in perturbative QCD, with the leading vacuum condensates and higher order quark mass corrections included. Both the fixed order perturbation theory (FOPT) method and contour improved perturbation theory (CIPT) method are explored. The results in the latter framework exhibit good convergence and stability in the window s
0 = 3.0 5.0 GeV2 for the strange quark and s0 = 1.5 4.0 GeV2 for the up and down quarks; where s
0 is the radius of the integration contour in the complex s-plane. The results are:

m
¯

s

(
2
GeV
)
=
91.8
±
9.9

MeV
,

m
¯

u

(
2
GeV
)
=
2.6
±
0.4

MeV
,

m
¯

d

(
2
GeV
)
=
5.3
±
0.4

MeV

, and the sum

m
¯

u
d

≡

(

m
¯

u

+

m
¯

d

)

/
2

is

m
¯

u
d

(
2

GeV
)
=
3.9
±
0.3

MeV

. These proceedings critically explore how the current results - computed precisely in a modern computer language, Mathematica compare to past determinations in literature.
Purification of acidic highly mineralized spent regeneration solution of Novo-Salavatskaya TTP
Authors: Chichirov A.A. , Vlasova A.Yu. , Vlasov S.M. , Pechenkin A.V. 
Published: July 2019

Annotation
The results of laboratory studies and industrial experiments on the neutralization and purification of highly mineralized acid waste regeneration solutions of the ion-exchange water-preparation plant H-cationite filters are given. As the reagent the carbonate sludge from the pre-cleaning of the water treatment plant was used. A sludge was used in a dry dehydrated form. During a laboratory study, it was shown that there are a significant sulfate content reduction and a pH increase. The sulfate determination was carried out by turbidimetric method using a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer. The water treatment sludge using at Novo-Salavatskaya TPP is able to reduce the sulfate content in acid waste water from 16.8 g / l to l g / l. This way of neutralizing can reduce these penalty sanctions for thermal power plants for wastewater discharge.
The Technology of Obtaining Modified Sorbents Based on Silicate Production Waste
Authors: Kulagin V.A. , Dubrovskaya O.G. , Gudkov D.N. , Matyushenko A.I. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of rational use of waste of enterprises for the production of silicate cement. Currently the production gliezh waste (burnt clay) does not find its application and is disposed of. A method of obtaining a sorbent based on the gliezh waste is suggested, the aluminium oxide content in which ranges from 15 to 40 % and silicon oxide – from 55-75 %. Pre-burnt clay is treated with sulphuric acid, and then calcined in a muffle furnace at t = 300 °C. The resultant sorbent has high rates of wastewater treatment from heavy metals.
Luminescent control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in water systems
Authors: Plotnikova O A , Tihomirova E I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To control the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous media and to ensure effective sewage treatment of natural contaminated waters, a luminescent solid-substrate method was applied. This method permits combining the preceding sorption concentration of substances on a cellulose matrix, modified with a surfactant, and analyzing directly in the solid phase of the sorbent. Optimal characteristics of luminescent control of ecotoxicant content before and after water purification were determined
Methods of assessing the health impacts of chemicals ingested with drinking water
Authors: Stepanova N V , Fomina S F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Assessment of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of per oral intake of chemicals with drinking water for children aged 3-6 year sold living in 4 districts (zones) of the city of Kazan was carried out. A quantitative characteristic of risk was performed with application of regional exposure factors (REF) at the median level (Me) and the 95-thpercentile (95P). Analysis of the risk data showed that only 5 substances (magnesium, nitrates (in NO3), fluorides, oil products, and chloroform) made from 62.5% to 89.8% of contribution to total risk value in all zones. General toxic effects for critical organs and systems were due to oil products (from 29 to 54.7%) in the 2nd and the 4th zones, chloroform (from 10 to 30.6%) and nitrates (from 12.8 to 35.9%) in all zones, magnesium (up to 11.2%) in the 3rd zone, and fluorides (from 13.7 to 14.3%) in the 1st and the 3rd zones. The unacceptable risk level (HIMe = 11.8 and 9.9; HI95-th Perc = 14.8 and 12.5) was identified in the 2nd and the 4th zones with a mixed type of water in the utility and drinking water supply. The ingestion of chemicals with drinking water in different zones of the city of Kazan indicates an alarming and high level of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for the child population health.
Innovative products and environmental aspects of modern fodder production for aquaculture objects
Authors: Akhmetova L T , Kalayda M L , Safiullin R R , Sibgatullin G G , Khazipov N N , Kalayda A A , Dementiev D S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The quality of water and fodder components in conditions of industrially developed regions with a high degree of anthropogenic pressure on the territory become especially significant factors. The increasing demand for hydrobionts as a source of food continues to grow annually. This fact is connected not only with the increase in population, but also with the fact that preference is increasingly given to healthy food. To improve the rates of growing aquaculture and expand its species diversity, it is necessary to increase the production of feed, expand their range and develop new technologies for obtaining highly effective feed additives. A feed additive for fish feeds based on secondary raw beekeeping materials is characterized by a complex chemical composition and is a universal source of natural biologically active complexes. The practical absence of heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides and other harmful substances in the feed additive based on bee products does not pollute the aquaculture of water bodies, and its properties due to a unique composition contribute to the accelerated elimination of toxic substances from the body of fish. The combination of ecological approaches and the introduction of innovative technologies in the production of aquaculture facilities allows to solve such key tasks of social development as ensuring food security and maintaining public health.
Aquabiotechnology of directed cultivation of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana biomass
Authors: Bazarnova Yu.G. , Kuznetsova T , Trukhina E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We carried out cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana microalga using various irradiation sources: daylight lamp with spectral range 530-610 nm and filament lamp with spectral range 3.5-5.0 μm. Specific growth rates were evaluated for these conditions at exponential phase. From the obtained biomass we extracted lipids and determined its’ fatty-acid content. Also we analyzed triacylglycerol (TAG) content and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as oleinic acid content. Biomass irradiation by infrared source causes enlarging of total lipid content in alga biomass, as well as saturated fatty acids and oleinic acid portions. It is viable to use infrared irradiation mode for accumulation of non-polar lipids (TAG) at stationary growth phase, which might be used for biofuel obtaining after fractionating. Polar lipid fraction, extracted from biomass at linear growth stage, might be used for obtaining essential polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Assessment of the quality of fish habitat in the area of Ulyanovsk CHHP-1
Authors: Govorkova L K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Water - the most important mineral on Earth, which can not be replaced by any other substance. It makes up most of any organisms, both plant and animal. The problem of preserving water quality is at the moment the most urgent. Science knows a lot of pollutants of natural waters, which adversely affects the health of the population, leads to the death of fish, waterfowl and other animals, as well as the death of the plant world of reservoirs. At the same time, not only toxic chemical and oil pollution, but also the excess of organic and mineral substances coming with flushing of fertilizers from fields, are dangerous for aquatic ecosystems. A very important aspect of pollution of the Earth’s water basin is thermal pollution, which is the discharge of heated water from industrial plants and thermal power plants into rivers and lakes.
Release of sterlet (lat. Acipenser ruthenus) in the Kuibyshev reservoir is an important task for the development of aquaculture
Authors: Kalayda M L , Abdrakhmanov I K , Khamitova M F , Kalayda A A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The development of hydropower and the creation of reservoirs of the Volga cascade had an impact on the state of populations of sturgeon species of fish, while creating incentives for improving the biotechnology of their reproduction and cultivation. This period is characterized by the desire and technical and technological capabilities to restore the number of sterlet in the Kuibyshev reservoir. Release of sterlet can be conducted not only in the vicinity of potential spawning grounds, but also in the feeding areas. Taking into account the possibilities of long-term development of the Kuibyshev reservoir with the directed formation of ichthyofauna and planning of sterlet catches in the volume of 480 tons, annual releases of juveniles with a mass of 3 g in the amount of 57 million pieces are required. The analysis shows the need to organize significant production of sterlet juveniles for stocking the Kuibyshev Reservoir.
Prospects for the cultivation of Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus on warm waters of energy facilities
Authors: Kalayda M L , Sadykova L N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
River crayfish - a delicious food product. On the caloric content (72kcal/100g), the content of fats (2.83%), protein (17.13%) and vitamins of group B (thiamine, riboflavin, etc.), crayfish are not inferior to freshwater fish, and by a number of parameters exceed them. Meat of crayfish is rich in sulfur, phosphorus, iron, cobalt, magnesium, fluorine, potassium, selenium, chromium, calcium and vitamins of group B (B12, B6, B2, B1, B9,), C, E, K, PP and D. There is practically no cholesterol in it, but there are a lot of organic acids. A promising target of cultivation, both in Russia and abroad, is currently the Australian red-cheeked crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. It is cultivated in such countries as: China, Brazil, Ecuador, America, and others. Currently, in spite of the presence of active crayfish farms in Russia, the biotechnology of growing Cherax quadricarinatus is not sufficiently developed. The main advantages of Cherax quadricarinatus over crayfish that live in our region (Astacus leptodactylus, Astacus astacus, etc.) are: high growth rate, tolerance to water quality, lack of pelagic larva stage. It is advisable to use cooler reservoirs of energy objects for growing valuable warm water aquaculture objects, since the water temperature of these reservoirs is higher than the natural. Energy can contribute to the development of warm water crayfish farming both in the Republic of Tatarstan and in Russia as a whole. Due to the excessive heat that enters the natural reservoirs from energy facilities, an excellent opportunity appears in the absence of the cost of expensive equipment, to grow valuable products. According to expert estimates, the cultivation of crayfish is 5-6 times more profitable than fish.
Sustainable water use of the Kuibyshev reservoir as an hydropower facility
Authors: Minakova E A , Shlichkov A P , Latipova V Z 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sustainable water use in a broad sense is a combination of all forms and uses of water resources that directly and indirectly affect the formation of the water fund. When operating hydropower facilities, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for the rational use and protection of water bodies. The article presents the results of the assessment of the specificity of water consumption and water disposal in the Kuibyshev reservoir within the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as the calculation and assessment of the main trends in water reservoir quality dynamics. Calculation of the index of the combinatory water pollution index during the period 2009-2017 yrs allowed to reveal a moderate tendency of its decrease within the limits of the 4th class of quality from the upper reaches to the dam of the Kuibyshev reservoir.
Development strategy of the energy supply system for MPEI campus blocks based on green building
Authors: Sultanguzin I. A. , Zhigulina E.V. , Yavorovsky Y.V. , Kalyakin I.D. , Govorin A.V. , Fedyukhin A.V. , Krolin A.A. , Guzhov S. V. , Derevianko O. , Mukhametova L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article presents the development strategy of the energy supply system for National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” (MPEI) buildings based on green building. The designing mathematical model of one of MPEI academic buildings connected with the Scientific and technical library of the University has been created in Passive House Planning Package and designPH software. The parameters of the building energy supply system with the lowest energy consumption are presented.
Development of the forest waste gasification system with electricity production
Authors: Aiyzan A , Fedukhin A , Strogonov K , Derevianko O. , Makoev S. , Egorov M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work is development of a technological scheme of gasification of biomass to generate electricity, as well as development of efficient circulating fluidized bed gasifier with heat exchanger. The paper deals with the existing technology of biomass gasification and the influence of thermal parameters on the composition of gasification products.
Computer simulator-analytical complexes of thermal power stations for the training with higher education students
Authors: Chichirova N.D. , Abasev Yu.V. , Shagiev N.G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The possibilities of using computer simulator-analytical complexes for training and retraining of large thermal power plants personnel are analyzed. Long-term experience of simulators using at the Thermal Power Stations Department (TPP) of Kazan State Power Engineering University (KSPU) is generalized. The requirements for computer simulators for the higher educational process are grounded.