bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spigelian hernia-Our experience
Authors: Malik Ajaz A , Bari Shams Ul 
Published: March 2019

Background; A Spigelian hernia is a very rare hernia which develops through the aponeurotic layer between the rectus abdominal muscles medially, and the semilunar line laterally.
Aim: The aim of this study is to understand the clinical presentation and management of this rare hernia.
Material and methods: This study was conducted over a period of five years in the Department of Surgery SKIMS Medical College Srinagar and included all the patients diagnosed as spigelian hernia.
Results: During our study, we encountered only four cases of spigelian hernia, which included three females and one male.
Conclusion: The spigelian hernia is a very rare hernia seen in adults and usually there is no notable swelling on examination. Although they are rare but there is a high risk of strangulation. JMS 2018: 21 (2):114-116
A Giant Tumour of Breast: Phyllodes Tumour
Authors: Bhat Javaid Ahmad , Andrabi Syed Muzamil , Wani Munir Ahmad , Chowdri Nisar A 
Published: March 2019

Phyllodes tumour of breast is a rare fibro-epithelial tumour of the breast accounting for less than 1% of the tumours of breast. They are mostly found in females between 45-49 years of age; in contrast, invasive carcinomas of the breast are commonly seen a decade later. They are fast growing tumours with a median size of 4 cm and can grow upto 40 cm. They may be considered benign (58%), borderline (12%), or malignant (30%) depending on histological features of stromal cellularity, tumour infiltration at edge, and mitotic activity. JMS 2018: 21 (2):125
A retrospective analysis of incidence and management of palatal fistula
Authors: Mahajan Ravi Kumar , Kaur Amreen , Singh Sardar Mahipal , Kumar Prakash 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Cleft palate repair may be compromised by a number of complications, most commonly the development of a fistula. Fistulas may cause hypernasal speech, articulation problems and food or liquid regurgitation from the nose. Objective: The study determines the incidence and management of cleft palatal fistulas in a series of primary cleft palate repair surgeries. It is a retrospective analysis of total 185 palatal fistula cases operated at our hospital from the year 2004 to 2016. Subjects and Methods: Of 185 palatal fistulas, 132 cases had been operated at our institute for primary palatoplasty, and the rest 53 were the outside-operated cases. The patients with bilateral as well as unilateral cleft lip and palate were included. Isolated cleft palate patients were also included in the study. Palatal fistulas were subdivided into three types depending on their size. Anterior palatal fistulas were mostly treated by using tongue flap (65.57%), followed by local flaps (34.43%). Middle and posterior palatal fistulas were mostly treated by von Langenbeck Palatoplasty. One patient (>5 mm fistula) was treated using free radial forearm flap. Results: Anterior palatal fistulas (65.57%) were most commonly reported, followed by middle (24.86%) and posterior (9.18%). Most commonly, the size of the fistulas ranged from 2 mm to 5 mm. The complication rate was reported to be 3.75% in case of tongue flap and 11.9% complications were reported in case of local flaps. Conclusion: Tongue flap remains the flap of choice for managing very difficult and challenging anterior palatal fistulas compared to local flaps.
“The Bigger Picture”: Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Perspectives on Disability Studies
Authors: Heffron Jenna L. , Lee Danbi , VanPuymbrouck Laura , Sheth Alisa Jordan , Kish Jacqueline 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This qualitative study explored occupational therapy practitioners’ perspectives about integrating principles from the field of disability studies (DS) into clinical education and practice.
METHODS. After a conference presentation about DS, three simultaneous focus groups were conducted with 27 occupational therapy practitioners. A constant comparative, grounded-theory approach was used to identify themes across groups.
RESULTS. Identified themes included convergences and divergences between the profession of occupational therapy and the field of disability studies, influence of perspectives of disability on service delivery, clinician navigation of systemic barriers, and incorporation of DS-aligned intervention strategies into practice.
CONCLUSION. Despite points of alignment, occupational therapy has not fully addressed DS critiques. Practitioners recognized professional, systemic, and societal barriers and the need for more educational experiences, resources, and professional reflexivity and dialogue to inform the integration of DS concepts into practice.
The Rise of Proto-Environmentalism in George Eliot
Authors: Christman Sophie D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe “Ilfracombe” journals, “Ex Oriente Lux,” and “A Minor Prophet” register the ways in which George Eliot's nineteenth-century nonfiction prose and poetry evidence ecotheological concerns that are proto-environmental, concerns that are also reflected in some of her novels. Employing an ecocritical methodology, this article traces the development of Eliot's ecological literacy, beginning with her scientific field observations that incubated what would become her lifelong literary aesthetic of moral sympathy put forth in “The Natural History of German Life.” Eliot's initial moral sympathy advanced to an ecotheological perspective made visible in both Eliot's unpublished lyric poem “Ex Oriente Lux” and her canonic verse “A Minor Prophet.” Eliot's early and mature writings countervailed the competing discourses of theology and science as they relate to the natural environment.
I begyndelsen var snavset: Snavs, råddenskab og anomisk adfærd som forløsende i traditionelle (’præ-axiale’) religioner
Authors: Sørensen Jørgen Podemann 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper deals with dirt, anomic behaviour, death and decay as productive and redemptive means within four very different traditional religions: Shinto, ancient Egyptian religion, classical Indian religion and Greek religion. In all four contexts, the motif is somehow anchored in mythology and makes sense first and foremost in ritualization, i.e. as part of the symbolic accompaniment of ritual metamorphosis. As others have demonstrated, the motif makes equally good sense in so-called post-axial religions, in which redemption is much more a matter of an inner, subjective breakthrough – but it is by no means a prerogative of such religions.
Dansk resumé: Artiklen behandler eksempler på snavs, anomisk adfærd, død og råddenskab som religiøst produktive og forløsende i fire vidt forskellige traditionelle religioner: Shinto, oldtidens ægyptiske religion, klassisk indisk religion og græsk religion. I alle fire sammenhænge er motivet mytologisk forankret, og det giver først og fremmest mening som et rituelt virkemiddel, en del af det symbolske akkompagnement til rituelle forvandlinger. Som andre har vist, giver motivet også god mening i såkaldt post-aksiale religioner, hvor forløsning i højere grad forstås som et indre, subjektivt gennembrud – men det er altså ikke forbeholdt disse.
Shabbetai Tsvis nedstigning til Farao – et jødisk eksempel på forløsning gennem urenhed
Authors: Schleicher Marianne 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As a Jewish example of redemption through impurity, this article analyses the ’strange acts’ of the Jewish mystic Shabbetai Tsvi. These acts included pronunciation of the tetragrammaton, liturgical subversions of synagogue service and Jewish praxis in general, odd approaches to sex, praying at grave sites, extreme asceticism, and conversion to Islam. Referring to theories by Robert Bellah, Philippe Descola, and Hans J. Lundager Jensen, I argue for the adequacy of ’inverted dualism’ as a concept that can explain these strange acts in conflict with Jewish law. The explanation is situated in the historical development of Israelite-Jewish religion from a monistic worldview, over a direct dualistic worldview, to an inverted, this-worldly dualism with great bearings on how Jews would perceive evil and the Torah.
DANSK RESUMÉ: Som et jødisk eksempel på forløsning gennem urenhed analyseres den jødiske mystiker Shabbetai Tsvis ’fremmedartede handlinger’ så som udtalelse af tetragrammet, liturgiske omkalfatringer af synagogegudstjenesten og jødisk praksis generelt, mærkværdige tilgange til sex, grave som bedesteder, ekstrem askese og konversion til islam. Med reference til teorier af Robert Bellah, Philippe Descola og Hans J. Lundager Jensen argumenterer jeg for begrebet ’inverteret dualisme’ som egnet til at forklare disse fremmedartede handlinger i konflikt med jødisk lovstof. Forklaringen indlejres i den israelitisk-jødiske religions udvikling fra en monistisk verdensopfattelse over en direkte dualistisk verdensopfattelse til en inverteret dualisme i det dennesides, hvilket især har konsekvens for opfattelsen af ondskab og Torah.
Kāmākhya, den menstruerende gudinde: Tantrisme for lægfolk og elite
Authors: Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Based on an analysis of the cult around the tantric goddess Kāmākhya from Assam, I will discuss her appeal for both laypeople and ascetics. A special feature is that she menstruates and that her blood is held to have thaumaturgical as well as transformative properties. For laypeople the hope is that it will have a positive effect on their lives here and now, and for the ascetics that it will give rise to an internal process with a soteriological goal in mind. Consequently, I shall present a differentiation between a hardcore and a softcore tantrism and, furthermore, their interrelationship.
DANSK RESUMÉ: Med udgangspunkt i en analyse af kulten omkring den tantriske gudinde Kāmakhya fra Assam diskuteres hendes brede appeal for både lægfolk og asketer. Det specielle ved gudinden er, at hun menstruerer, og at blodet tillægges både thaumaturgiske og transformative egenskaber. For lægfolk er håbet, at det kan have positiv effekt for deres liv nu og her, for asketer at det vil sætte gang i en individuel proces med et soteriologisk mål for øje. I den forbindelse vil en skelnen imellem en hard core- og en soft core-tantrisme og deres interrelation blive præsenteret.
Simple MSEIR Model for Measles Transmission
Authors: Osman Mojeeb Al-Rahman EL-Nor , Ebenezer Appiagyei , Adu Isaac Kwasi 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, an Immunity-Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovery (MSEIR) mathematical model was used to study the dynamics of measles transmission. We discussed that there exist a disease-free and an endemic equilibria. We also discussed the stability of both disease-free and endemic equilibria. The basic reproduction number is obtained. If , then the measles will spread and persist in the population. If , then the disease will die out. The disease was locally asymptotically stable if and unstable if . ALSO, WE PROVED THE GLOBAL STABILITY FOR THE DISEASE-FREE EQUILIBRIUM USING LASSALLE'S INVARIANCE PRINCIPLE OF Lyaponuv function. Furthermore, the endemic equilibrium was locally asymptotically stable if , under certain conditions. Numerical simulations were conducted to confirm our analytic results.
Our findings were that, increasing the birth rate of humans, decreasing the progression rate, increasing the recovery rate and reducing the infectious rate can be useful in controlling and combating the measles.
Comparison of the risk of developing lumbar herniated intervertebral disc between dentists and other occupations: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Wei-Ta , Weng Shih-Feng , Hsu Chien-Chin , Lin Hung-Jung , Su Shih-Bin , Wang Jhi-Joung , Huang Chien-Cheng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Dentists may have a higher risk of developing lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) due to prolonged sitting and improper postures during work. We conducted this study to delineate this issue, which is still unclear.

Methods
This nationwide population-based study was conducted using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified 10 734 dentists, 72 066 non-dentist health-care providers (HCPs), and an identical number of age- and gender-matched participants from the general population. The risk of developing lumbar HIVD among dentists, non-dentist HCPs, and general population was compared by tracing their medical histories between 2007 and 2011.

Results
The cumulative incidence rate of lumbar HIVD among dentists during the 5-year follow-up period was 1.40%. After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, the risk of developing lumbar HIVD was found to be lower among dentists than that among the general population (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-1.00) and non-dentist HCPs (AOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68-0.96).

Conclusions
Dentists in Taiwan have a lower risk of developing lumbar HIVD than that among other occupations. Although this result is different from the general cognition, it does not imply that the prevention of lumbar HIVD in dentists is not important. Further studies are warranted to better address this issue.
Self‐Adaptive Antibacterial Porous Implants with Sustainable Responses for Infected Bone Defect Therapy
Authors: Jin Xin , Xiong Yan‐Hua , Zhang Xin‐Yang , Wang Renxian , Xing Yonggang , Duan Shun , Chen Dafu , Tian Wei , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of responsive antibacterial implants is highly significant for the treatment of implant‐associated infection. In this study, one self‐adaptive antibacterial porous implant with sustainable responses is flexibly designed and constructed for infected bone defect therapy. Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) implants derived from nature bones, one typical implant, are first functionalized via low‐cytotoxic ethanediamine‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes, and gentamicin sulfate (GS, a kind of aminoglycoside antibiotic in clinic) is subsequently conjugated by an acid‐responsive bond to produce smart antibacterial HA implants (HA–GS). The release of GS can be triggered by the acidic environment induced by the metabolism of bacteria for self‐adaptive antibacterial response. Due to the good drug loading capacity and chemical stability of HA–GS in neutral condition, the sustainable antibacterial ability is readily achieved for long‐term applications. The highly effective in vivo anti‐infection therapy with HA–GS is demonstrated in one infected bone defect rabbit model. The implant‐associated infection is completely inhibited by HA–GS at the early stage and the defected bones exhibit superior recovery at the late stage. This design strategy of sustainable self‐adaptive antibacterial implants will provide a promising concept for the prevention and therapy of implant‐associated infections.
Chiral Excitonic Organic Photodiodes for Direct Detection of Circular Polarized Light
Authors: Schulz Matthias , Balzer Frank , Scheunemann Dorothea , Arteaga Oriol , Lützen Arne , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Schiek Manuela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA facile route to soft matter self‐powered bulk heterojunction photodiode detectors sensitive to the circular polarization state of light is shown based on the intrinsic excitonic circular dichroism of the photoactive layer blend. As light detecting materials, enantiopure semiconducting small molecular squaraine derivates of opposite handedness are employed. Via Mueller matrix ellipsometry, the circular dichroism is proven to be of H‐type excitonic nature and not originating from mesoscopic structural ordering. Within the green spectral range, the photodiodes convert circular polarized light into a handedness‐dependent photocurrent with a maximum dissymmetry factor of ±0.1 corresponding to 5% overall efficiency for the polarization discrimination under short circuit conditions. On the basis of transfer matrix optical simulations, it is rationalized that the optical dissymmetry fully translates into a photocurrent dissymmetry for ease of device design. Thereby, the photodiode's ability to efficiently distinguish between left and right circularly polarized light without the use of external optical elements and voltage bias is demonstrated. This allows a straightforward and sustainable future design of flexible, lightweight, and compact integrated platforms for chiroptical imaging and sensing.
CD47 Blockade and Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticle In Situ Vaccination Triggers Phagocytosis and Tumor Killing
Authors: Wang Chao , Steinmetz Nicole F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContemporary immunotherapies, e.g., those that target the CTLA‐4 and PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis, act on T cells to reinstate their antitumor activity. An alternative, and possibly more powerful approach is to target and reprogram the innate immune system within the tumor microenvironment. To this end, blockade of CD47 has been demonstrated as an attractive approach. Blockade of CD47 inhibits antiphagocytic signals therefore inducing macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells. CD47 blockade also primes antitumor T‐cell responses by either activating antigen‐presenting cells or inhibiting interactions between CD47 on cancer cells and the matricellular protein thrombospondin‐1 on T cells. Here, a combination immunotherapy is identified using cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in situ vaccination and CD47‐blocking antibodies. The CPMV in situ vaccine synergizes with CD47 blockade, because CPMV in situ vaccination activates the innate immune system, leading to recruitment and activation of phagocytes. Therefore, the combination therapy targets monocytes and boosts their ability of cancer cell phagocytosis, in turn priming the adaptive immune system leading to a potent antitumor immune response. This work presents a novel strategy to promote macrophage activity to kill tumor cells, and hold promise to enhance T cells targeted immunotherapies by inducing both innate and adaptive arms of immune system.
Tailored Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds for the Generation of Sheet‐Like Tissue Constructs from Multicellular Spheroids
Authors: McMaster Rebecca , Hoefner Christiane , Hrynevich Andrei , Blum Carina , Wiesner Miriam , Wittmann Katharina , Dargaville Tim R. , Bauer‐Kreisel Petra , Groll Jürgen , Dalton Paul D. , Blunk Torsten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing technology that is recently used to fabricate voluminous scaffolds for biomedical applications. In this study, MEW is adapted for the seeding of multicellular spheroids, which permits the easy handling as a single sheet‐like tissue‐scaffold construct. Spheroids are made from adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs). Poly(ε‐caprolactone) is processed via MEW into scaffolds with box‐structured pores, readily tailorable to spheroid size, using 13–15 µm diameter fibers. Two 7–8 µm diameter “catching fibers” near the bottom of the scaffold are threaded through each pore (360 and 380 µm) to prevent loss of spheroids during seeding. Cell viability remains high during the two week culture period, while the differentiation of ASCs into the adipogenic lineage is induced. Subsequent sectioning and staining of the spheroid‐scaffold construct can be readily performed and accumulated lipid droplets are observed, while upregulation of molecular markers associated with successful differentiation is demonstrated. Tailoring MEW scaffolds with pores allows the simultaneous seeding of high numbers of spheroids at a time into a construct that can be handled in culture and may be readily transferred to other sites for use as implants or tissue models.
Simultaneous T Cell Activation and Macrophage Polarization to Promote Potent Tumor Suppression by Iron Oxide‐Embedded Large‐Pore Mesoporous Organosilica Core–Shell Nanospheres
Authors: Chen Lin , Ma Xiaobo , Dang Meng , Dong Heng , Hu Hongming , Su Xiaodan , Liu Wenfei , Wang Qing , Mou Yongbin , Teng Zhaogang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNanomaterial‐based immunotherapy stimulating T cell activation or tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) conversion holds great promise for promoting tumor suppression. Herein, a novel nanoplatform, iron oxide‐embedded large‐pore mesoporous organosilica nanospheres (IO‐LPMONs), is prepared for the first time to simultaneously activate cytotoxic T cells and polarize macrophages for potent tumor immunotherapy. The IO‐LPMONs have large mesopores (6.3 nm) and inorganic–organic hybrid shells, which contribute to a high payload (500 µg mg−1) of the antigen ovalbumin (OVA). The IO‐LPMONs effectively deliver OVA to dendritic cells (DCs) and activate DCs. Subsequently, high activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ effector antigen‐specific T cells is achieved for powerful antitumor effects. Moreover, the IO‐LPMONs also act as an immune modulator to polarize TAMs from an immunosuppressive M2 to a tumor‐killing M1 phenotype, which induces efficient apoptosis of tumor cells. The combined T cell activation and macrophage polarization strategy based on the IO‐LPMONs elicits remarkable combined antitumor effects in vivo, showing great promise for tumor treatment.
Chirality Controls Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage Diversification through Mechanoresponses
Authors: Wei Yan , Jiang Shengjie , Si Mengting , Zhang Xuehui , Liu Jinying , Wang Zheng , Cao Cen , Huang Jianyong , Huang Houbing , Chen Lili , Wang Shutao , Feng Chuanliang , Deng Xuliang , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBiogenesis and tissue development are based on the heterogenesis of multipotent stem cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of stem cell fate specification are unclear. Chirality is one of the most crucial factors that affects stem cell development and is implicated in asymmetrical cell morphology formation; however, its function in heterogeneous cell fate determination remains elusive. In this study, it is reported that the chirality of a constructed 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) differentiates mesenchymal stem cells to diverse lineages of osteogenic and adipogenic cells by providing primary heterogeneity. Molecular analysis shows that left‐handed chirality of the ECM enhances the clustering of the mechanosensor Itgα5, while right‐handed chirality decreases this effect. These differential adhesion patterns further activate distinct mechanotransduction events involving the contractile state, focal adhesion kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 cascades, and yes‐associated protein/runt‐related transcription factor 2 nuclear translocation, which direct heterogeneous differentiation. Moreover, theoretical modeling demonstrates that diverse chirality mechanosensing is initiated by biphasic modes of fibronectin tethering. The findings of chirality‐dependent lineage specification of stem cells provide potential strategies for the biogenesis of organisms and regenerative therapies.