bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Gogo Terhadap Aplikasi <i>Bacillus</i> sp Rizosfer Tanaman Singkong
Authors: Hadi Sapto Nugroho , Fatichin Fatichin , Widiyawati Ida , Cahyani Wilis 
Published: November 2024

Produktivitas padi gogo tergolong rendah. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi gogo yaitu melalui aplikasi PGPR. Bacillus sp dapat diisolasi dari rizosfer Singkong. Bacillus sp memiliki karakter dapat melarutkan fosfat, menangkap nitrogen, dan memproduksi IAA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengetahui pengaruh Bacillus sp rizosfer singkong terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo di tanah ultisol, 2) Mengetahui Bacillus sp terbaik berdasarkan pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo, 3) Mengetahui interaksi antara varietas padi gogo dan Bacillus sp. Penelitian bertempat di Screen-House Desa Pasir Lor, Kecamatan Karanglewas, Banyumas dan Laboratorium Agroekologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2021 sampai dengan Januari 2022 Penelitian merupakan penelitian pot dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah varietas padi gogo, yaitu Inpago Unsoed 1 (V1), Inpago Unsoed Parimas (V2), dan Inpago 8 (V3). Faktor kedua adalah aplikasi Bacillus sp, yaitu kontrol (B0), Bacillus albus TG4 (B1), B. cereus PA11 (B2), dan B. paramycoides SR2 (B3). Variabel pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan produktif, total panjang malai, bobot 100 biji, bobot gabah kering, volume akar, dan bobot kering akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Bacillus sp berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo di tanah ultisol pada variabel tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot 100 biji, bobot gabah kering per tanaman, volume akar, dan bobot kering akar. B. paramycoides SR2 merupakan Bacillus terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo pada variabel tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot 100 biji, panjang malai, volume akar, dan bobot kering akar. Terdapat interaksi antara varietas padi gogo dan Bacillus sp terhadap tinggi tanaman. Bacillus sp asal rizosfer tanaman singkong dapat mendukung pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo yang ditanam di tanah ultisol.
Analisis Kekerabatan Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Kantong Semar
Authors: Lukmanasari Putri , MS Zulkifli , MP Ernita , Putri Restari Utari , Roslianti Meli 
Published: November 2024

Nepenthes dikenal dengan sebutan nama kantong semar yang merupakan satu flora unik dan menarik yang telah banyak dikembangkan sebagai tanaman hias. Jenis ini memiliki daya tarik bukan pada bunganya melainkan kantongnya yang beranekaragam baik bentuk maupun warnanya. Keragaman pada beberapa spesies dan hybrid kantong semar dapat diketahui berdasarkan karakterisasi molekuler. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menghitung nilai keragaman genetic serta menguji hubungan kekerabatan Nepenthes di Indonesia berdasarkan molekuler dengan primer RAPD. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 41 spesies dan hybrid kantong semar yang terdiri dari 3 individu yang diperoleh dari hasil eksplorasi di penangkaran kantong semar Yagiza Nursery, Insectivorous plants Nursery, Komunitas Nepenthes Tulungagung dan Venom Nursery. Analisis DNA secara molekuler dilakukan di laboratorium genetika dan pemuliaan tanaman, Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). Sebanyak 3 primer RAPD digunakan untuk melakukan pengamatan molekuler yaitu OPD 8, OPC 2 dan OPC15. Karakterisasi berdasarkan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa pita DNA hasil amplifikasi yang dihasilkan oleh setiap primer memiliki jumlah yang beragam. Pada 3 primer RAPD (OPD 8, OPC 2 dan OPC15) terdapat 85 lokus 1370 pita DNA dengan ukuran sebesar 150-1750 bp yang juga memiliki tingkat polimorfik 100%. Menunjukkan bahwa koefisien kemiripan genetic 41 genotipe nepenthes berdasarkan penanda molekuler RAPD berkisar antara 0,7- 1. Analisis berdasarkan molekuler RAPD merupakan sekuens spesifik yang terdapat dalam DNA tanaman yang relatif tidak dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan.
MICROFAUNA DEL EOCENO INFERIOR DE LA PENÍNSULA DE YUCATÁN
Authors: Butterlin Jacques , Bonet Marco Federico 
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo comprende el estudio de una microfauna de foraminíferos descubierta por primera vez, proveniente de la parte inferior de la formación Chichén-Itza, en la parte suroccidental de la península de Yucatán. Se describe y discute detalladamente la distribución estratigráfica de las siguientes especies: Coskinolia elongata Cole, Barelis floridanus Cole, Operculina catenula Cushman Jarvis y Discocyclina (Discocyclina) cristensis (Vaughan), asignándoles una edad de Eoceno inferior.
ESTRATIGRAFÍA DEL TRIÁSICO SUPERIOR DE LA PARTE CENTRAL DEL ESTADO DE SONORA
Authors: Alencaster de Cserna Gloria 
Published: November 2024

Desde principios del presente siglo, los sedimentos del Mesozoico inferior en la parte central del Estado de Sonora han sido referidos a la "División Barranca", y posteriormente a la "Formación Barranca", consideradas ambas unidades estratigráficas de edad rético-liásica. Estudios geológicos recientes han proporcionado material fósil y datos estratigráficos suficientes, que permiten la elevación de la "Formación Barranca" al rango de Grupo, que comprende tres unidades litoestratigráficas: la Formación Arrayanes en la parte inferior, la Formación Santa Clara en la parte media y la formación Coyotes en la parte superior. De estas tres formaciones, únicamente la Formación Santa Clara ha proporcionado fósiles, que son de edad cárnica (Triásico Superior). Estas tres formaciones fueron acumuladas en la cuenca de San Marcial, una cuenca sedimentaria que existió a fines del Triásico Tardío y que tuvo conexión marina con la Paleobahía del Antimonio solamente durante el Cárnico. Escasas evidencias estratigráficas y paleontológicas indican que la Cuenca de San Marcial dejó de ser una cuenca sedimentaria al final del Triásico. Se presenta también una evaluación sintética de la estratigrafía del Triásico Superior del Estado de Sonora, indicando las relaciones que poseen entre sí estos sedimentos en esta entidad.
BELEMNOIDES DEL TRIÁSICO SUPERIOR DEL ESTADO DE SONORA
Authors: Miller, Jr Halsey W. 
Published: November 2024

En este trabajo se describen cinco especies, una de ellas nueva, pertenecientes a cuatro géneros de belemnoides del Triásico Superior del noroeste del Estado de Sonora. Los ejemplares ilustrados y descritos son Metabelemnites ? sp. cf. M. philippii ? (Hyatt y Smith), Choanoteuthis antimoniensis n. sp., Dictyoconites sp., y Actinoconites spp. A. y B.
Nummoloculina Heimi Bonet en el Cretácico Inferior de Cuba
Authors: Ayala-Castañares Agustín , Furrazola-Bermúdez Gustavo 
Published: November 2024

Se estudia e ilustra una población de Nummoloculina heimi Bonet, procedente de sedimentos del Cretácico de la provincia de Las Villas, Cuba, especie no mencionada con anterioridad en publicaciones científicas para ese país. Es particularmente significativo el hecho de que Nummoloculina heimi Bonet se ha encontrado hasta la fecha en sedimentos arrecifales del Albiano-Cenomaniano, formando un círculo, en México, Cuba y los Estados Unidos, lo cual permite suponer la existencia de relaciones paleoecológicas y paleogeográficas muy estrechas. Además se hace una comparación entre los materiales cubanos y aquellos descritos por Bonet (1952, 1956) y por Conkin y Conkin (1956, 1958), para México y Estados Unidos.
Philosophical and Scientific Implications of Astrobiology and Palaeontology in the Light of Hypothesising the Existence of Intelligent Pre-human Civilisations on Earth: Empiricist, Rationalist, and Positivist Approaches
Authors: Sánchez-Beristain Francisco , Paredes-Arriaga Alejandro , Martínez-Velarde María Fernanda , Badillo-Avilés Shendel 
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the scientific and philosophical implications of the theory that suggests the existence of an intelligent civilisation on Earth prior to mankind is discussed. All available scientific evidence which would constrain such theory is brought into discussion. Therefore, we first review the Drake Equation regarding this hypothesis. We summarily appraise the Shadow Biosphere within the scope of the theory. Subsequently, we thoroughly analyse important geochemical and sedimentological constraints of the proposal, mainly in the context of some Fossillagerstätten. This leads us to discuss the philosophical implications this theory may have for the fields of Astrobiology and Palaeontology, analysing them under empiricist, rationalist, and positivist approaches. We contextually examine the concepts of technological species, intelligence, and industrialisation, taking into account the scope of the theory. Furthermore, we debate on the validity of this hypothesis, considering all constraints it presents regarding the analysed concepts. Finally, we propose to appraise the hypothesis under an epistemological/positivist point of view.
Remains of a sea turtle from the Austin Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian), Coahuila, Mexico
Authors: López-Conde Oliver A. , Chavarría-Arellano María L. , Porras-Múzquiz Hector , Alvarado-Ortega Jesús 
Published: November 2024

New remains of a sea turtle from the San Carlos quarry (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian), Austin Formation in the north of Coahuila state, Mexico, are reported. San Carlos quarry is composed of limestones and its Campanian age is based on the presence of the ammonites Scaphites hippocrepis and Delawarella delawarensis. In addition to the presence of turtles, this quarry also contained ammonites, bivalves, crabs, sea urchins, bony fish remains, and shark teeth. The study material is housed at Museo Paleontológico de Múzquiz. The preserved fossil elements correspond to postcranial elements, which present morphological characteristics that allowed them to be identified as belonging to a small-sized turtle related to Protostegidae. These new sea turtle remains expand the knowledge and distribution of Protostegidae along the Western Interior Seaway, where large and medium-sized sea turtles were distributed.
Pyrenicola (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), new genus for Litoricola macrodactyla (Van Straelen, 1924) and Litoricola macrodactyla pyrenaica (Artal and Vía, 1989), and remarks on Coeloma (Milne-Edwards, 1865)
Authors: Artal Pedro , Ossó Àlex 
Published: November 2024

A new genus, Pyrenicola, is proposed to accommodate Xanthilites macrodactylus Van Straelen, 1924 from the Thanetian of Haute Garonne (France), and X. macrodactylus pyrenaicus Artal and Vía, 1989 from the Ypresian of Aragon (Spain), as well as clarify their relationships with the morphologically close Litoricola Woodward, 1873, where both are currently placed, and with Coeloma A. Milne-Edwards, 1865. As a result, Litoricola is herein revalidated as an available genus, different from Coeloma, of which it has frequently been considered either a subgenus or a synonym. Also, the subspecies Xanthilites macrodactylus pyrenaicus is elevated to full species rank as Pyrenicola pyrenaica n. comb. The familial placement of Pyrenicola n. gen., Litoricola and particularly of Coeloma, currently placed within Polybiinae Paulson, 1875 (Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815) is revised. Consequently, a new placement of the three genera within Geryonidae Colosi, 1923, the most basal portunoid crabs, is herein proposed.
Effects of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Postprandial Insulin-Mediated and Non–Insulin-Mediated Glucose Disposal
Authors: Mittendorfer Bettina , Patterson Bruce W. , Smith Gordon I. , Yoshino Mihoko , Klein Samuel 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate total, insulin-mediated, and non–insulin-mediated glucose disposal (TGD, IMGD, and NIMGD) after ingesting glucose in people with obesity and different glycemic status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We developed and validated a new glucose tracer model in conjunction with an oral glucose tolerance test to determine IMGD, NIMGD, and TGD (sum of IMGD and NIMGD) after glucose ingestion in four groups of people: 1) lean with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 2) obese with insulin resistance and NGT due to hyperinsulinemia (Ob-NGT group), 3) obese with insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) due to inadequate hyperinsulinemia (Ob-IGT group), and 4) obese with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes due to marked insulin insufficiency (Ob-T2D group). In addition, we evaluated the effect of intensive lifestyle therapy (ILT) that caused ∼15% weight loss on IMGD and NIMGD in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESULTS
IMGD progressively decreased and NIMGD progressively increased from lean to Ob-NGT to Ob-IGT to Ob-T2D. IMGD accounted for about 70%, 65%, 50%, and 20% of TGD, and NIMGD accounted for ∼40%, 35%, 50%, and 80% of TGD in lean, Ob-NGT, Ob-IGT and Ob-T2D, respectively. Although NIMGD was approximately twofold and approximately threefold higher in Ob-IGT and Ob-T2D compared with Ob-NGT, NIMGD only partially compensated for markedly impaired IMGD in the Ob-IGT and Ob-T2D. ILT in people with obesity and T2D increased IMGD and decreased NIMGD.

CONCLUSIONS
NIMGD is a major mechanism of postprandial TGD in people with insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Nano Spray Gel Ekstrak Daun Singkong (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Mardiyah Mahirah , Khairunisa Lubna , Nurjanah Vina Oktaviany , Maulud Dessylva , Putri Syifa Aulia , Ambardhani Nurul , Syaputri Fauzia Ningrum 
Published: November 2024

Daun singkong (Manihot esculenta) mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sediaan kosmetika yang dapat mencegah penuaan pada kulit. Nano spray gel merupakan inovasi bentuk penghantaran dari sediaan gel dengan teknologi nano yang terbentuk dengan adanya penggabungan gel dan nanoemulsi. Nanoemulsi yang terdiri dari campuran minyak dan air yang ditambahkan surfaktan. Riset ini bertujuan untuk menentukan formulasi, evaluasi, dan aktivitas antioksidan dari sediaan nano spray gel yang mengandung ekstrak daun singkong. Metode pembuatan nano spray gel dilakukan dengan menggabungkan sediaan nanoemulsi berisi ekstrak daun singkong bervariasi konsentrasi ekstrak F1 0,5%; F2 0,75%; dan F3 1% pada nano gel dengan bantuan homogenizer. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak daun singkong positif terhadap golongan flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid, fenolik, dan tanin. Nano spray gel menghasilkan nilai IC50 F1 sebesar 46,341 μg/mL, F2 sebesar 65,984 μg/mL dan F3 sebesar 71,984 μg/mL. Disimpulkan bahwa, F1 memiliki kategori antioksidan sangat kuat karena kurang dari 50.
Unpacking Human Rights: Freedom of Consciousness, Bodily Autonomy & Right to Life in the Context of War on Drugs Crimes
Authors: Galanders Oskars 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explores the interplay between the right to life, right to development, bodily autonomy and freedom of conscience, and demonstrates how these factors collectively shape the concept of freedom of consciousness and simultaneously lead to increased access to altered states of consciousness, cognitive liberty, freedom of development, and the peak experiences that Abraham Maslow researched.
Second chapter delves into the intersection of human rights and drug policy, specifically examining the implications of the War on Drugs on individual freedoms. It argues that the War on Drugs has led to a violation of fundamental human rights, including cognitive liberty, bodily autonomy, and the right to life. Through an analysis of international human rights law and case studies from around the world, the paper demonstrates how drug-related crimes have resulted in mass incarceration, violence, and human rights abuses. It also explores decriminalization of drug use, end of War on Drugs and criminalization of its’ crimes.
The research results provide insights into the interrelation between these three concepts, shedding light on how they intersect and influence each other and in context of War on Drugs hostile environment. Findings also suggest that the War on Drugs has resulted in a significant violation of fundamental human rights.
Judicial Immunity – A Guarantee of Independence and an Element of Accountability
Authors: Jurcena Laila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of the article is to develop a common understanding of the content of judicial immunity and thus to generate a theory on the application of this legal institution in ensuring and balancing judicial independence and accountability. Neither the separation of powers nor the judicial independence precludes the assessment of a judge’s responsibility for violation of the law, however, it is in the interests of both the state and society to ensure the independent exercise of the judicial function. Therefore, there is a need to strike a balance between the independent exercise of the judicial function and the holding of judges accountable. This balance is ensured by judicial immunity. The research was carried out by using the methods of scientific research customary in legal science: literature studies, analytical, comparative, inductive and deductive research methods. The study reveals the aim of judicial immunity, describes its content focusing on two elements of the judicial immunity: non-liability and inviolability and reveals the specific requirements of judicial immunity. The study confirms that well-regulated and responsibly applied judicial immunity ensures that independence and accountability can be balanced.
The Challenges of the Presumption of Innocence in Lithuanian Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Nemeikšis Giedrius 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Although one of the key principles of the criminal procedure law - the presumption of innocence is officially declared as an aspiration in Lithuanian legal regulation and case law, there are still some areas of possible threat to this key principle. Therefore, the purpose of this research paper is to identify and analyse specific problems of ensuring the presumption of innocence in Lithuanian criminal law and criminal procedure law. So, the analysis was based on three main questions: the difficulties of ensuring the presumption of innocence in the Lithuanian criminal procedural law and Lithuanian criminal law and in the context of media. The research was carried out by employing the logical, the systematic, the linguistic, the historical, the comparative and the synthesizing research methods as well as the analysis of legal documents. The results of research analysis revealed specific areas that pose the greatest threat to violation of the presumption of innocence, as grounds for the termination of a criminal case; the general basis for issuing a preventive measure (arrest); complicity where the accomplices are tried in separate cases and media statements that have a direct impact on the impartiality of judges.
Factors of the aging process and longevity—selected data
Authors: Sosiński Daniel , Tokarz-Deptuła Beata , Deptuła Wiesław 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article presents endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the aging process and longevity, indicating their influence on the epigenome and genome. While discussing endogenous factors, we described genes and protein complexes, metabolic and signaling pathways [IIS (insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1/IGF-1 signaling), ARE/Nrf2 (antioxidant response elements/nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2), kynurenine/NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and kynurenine signaling)], and the sirtuin enzyme group and antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD1).
While characterizing exogenous factors, we indicated the role of nutrition, including the effect of a diet balanced in terms of the number of calories and the effect of consuming polyphenols, including resveratrol, curcumin, or epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and vitamins C and E, as well as the impact of microclimate, stress, the role of physical exercise, and the use of pharmacological agents. Analysis of these data showed that the factors related to the aging process have an influence on longevity and age-related diseases.
ASEAN and European Union addressing the challenges of the 21st century
Authors: Chytopoulou Eleni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Subject and purpose of work
The European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are trade partners and believe in rules-based multilateralism. They have developed strong ties despite starting from different starting points and having different standards. The EU is a mature regional cooperation scheme(union) with a highly institutionalized and legalized architecture. At the same time, ASEAN is an intergovernmental association with low institutionalization and legalization in which decisions are made by consensus. After almost fifty years of establishing a diplomatic dialogue between the EU and ASEAN, their cooperation has been of essential importance in maintaining peace and balancing great power rivalries.

Materials and methods
Bibliography in books and articles.

Results
The EU and ASEAN are among the world’s largest economies in terms of gross domestic product. The EU is already the world’s second-largest economy, and ASEAN could become the world’s fourth-largest economy by 2030. The EU looks forward to strengthening its economic cooperation with ASEAN to maintain its competitive position in the dynamically developing region of the Indo-Pacific. ASEAN is a crucial hub for transporting European goods and is essential in regional supply chains. Closer trade and investment relations could also help the EU achieve its goal of a strategic partnership between the two regional blocks encompassing political and economic cooperation. It would be desirable if the EU and ASEAN continue to connect Europe and Asia by acting as balancers and reducing tensions between the major international players.

Conclusions
In the 21st century, the rise of China, India, and other regional powers is consolidating a multipolar system and new geopolitical balances. In this new era, the EU and ASEAN can continue to connect Europe and Asia by acting as balancers and reducing tensions between the major international players.