bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New observations on high‐pressure phases in a shock melt vein in the Villalbeto de la Peña meteorite: Insights into the shock behavior of diopside
Authors: Martinez Marina , Brearley Adrian J. , Trigo‐Rodríguez Josep M. , Llorca Jordi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe petrology and mineralogy of shock melt veins in the L6 ordinary chondrite host of Villalbeto de la Peña, a highly shocked, L chondrite polymict breccia, have been investigated in detail using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. Entrained olivine, enstatite, diopside, and plagioclase are transformed into ringwoodite, low‐Ca majorite, high‐Ca majorite, and an assemblage of jadeite‐lingunite, respectively, in several shock melt veins and pockets. We have focused on the shock behavior of diopside in a particularly large shock melt vein (10 mm long and up to 4 mm wide) in order to provide additional insights into its high‐pressure polymorphic phase transformation mechanisms. We report the first evidence of diopside undergoing shock‐induced melting, and the occurrence of natural Ca‐majorite formed by solid‐state transformation from diopside. Magnesiowüstite has also been found as veins injected into diopside in the form of nanocrystalline grains that crystallized from a melt and also occurs interstitially between majorite‐pyrope grains in the melt‐vein matrix. In addition, we have observed compositional zoning in majorite‐pyrope grains in the matrix of the shock‐melt vein, which has not been described previously in any shocked meteorite. Collectively, all these different lines of evidence are suggestive of a major shock event with high cooling rates. The minimum peak shock conditions are difficult to constrain, because of the uncertainties in applying experimentally determined high‐pressure phase equilibria to complex natural systems. However, our results suggest that conditions between 16 and 28 GPa and 2000–2200 °C were reached.
Protein kinase B controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth via phosphorylation of the transcriptional regulator Lsr2 at threonine 112
Authors: Alqaseer Kawther , Turapov Obolbek , Barthe Philippe , Jagatia Heena , De Visch Angélique , Roumestand Christian , Wegrzyn Malgorzata , Bartek Iona L. , Voskuil Martin I. , O'Hare Helen M. , Ajuh Paul , Bottrill Andrew R. , Witney Adam A. , Cohen‐Gonsaud Martin , Waddell Simon J. , Mukamolova Galina V. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is able to persist in the body through months of multi‐drug therapy. Mycobacteria possess a wide range of regulatory proteins, including the protein kinase B (PknB) which controls peptidoglycan biosynthesis during growth. Here, we observed that depletion of PknB resulted in specific transcriptional changes that are likely caused by reduced phosphorylation of the H‐NS‐like regulator Lsr2 at threonine 112. The activity of PknB towards this phosphosite was confirmed with purified proteins, and this site was required for adaptation of Mtb to hypoxic conditions, and growth on solid media. Like H‐NS, Lsr2 binds DNA in sequence‐dependent and non‐specific modes. PknB phosphorylation of Lsr2 reduced DNA binding, measured by fluorescence anisotropy and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and our NMR structure of phosphomimetic T112D Lsr2 suggests that this may be due to increased dynamics of the DNA‐binding domain. Conversely, the phosphoablative T112A Lsr2 had increased binding to certain DNA sites in ChIP‐sequencing, and Mtb containing this variant showed transcriptional changes that correspond with the change in DNA binding. In summary, PknB controls Mtb growth and adaptations to the changing host environment by phosphorylating the global transcriptional regulator Lsr2.
Acute hemichorea with T1 ischemic hyperintensity associated with steno‐occlusive middle cerebral artery dissection
Authors: Chee Yong Chuan , Ong Beng Hooi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcute hemichorea with accompanying T1 hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging has never been reported in steno‐occlusive middle cerebral artery (MCA) dissection. This characteristic radiological finding which differs from known ischemic changes has been attributed to incomplete infarction with selective neuronal loss. Arguments have also shuttled between gemistocytic astrocyte accumulation, tissue calcification, and paramagnetic substance deposition. We report an unusual case of acute hemichorea caused by proximal MCA dissection with characteristic imaging appearance of delayed ischemic hyperintensity.
Amantadine regulates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Fukumoto Yuta , Miyamoto Katsuichi , Moriguchi Kota , Kusunoki Susumu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmantadine has been reported to have a neuroprotective effect, and it is therefore expected to have further clinical application.AimIn this study, we examined the therapeutic effect of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist amantadine on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice. Amantadine was administered at doses of 40 mg/kg dissolved in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) by feeding cannula every other day. The control group received PBS only. The immunized mice were examined and scored daily until day 35. T‐cell proliferation assay, pathological analysis, and analysis of regulatory cells were performed.ResultsAlthough amantadine did not significantly suppress the incidence or severity of EAE, it significantly reduced clinical symptoms in the recovery phase. There was also a significant increase in CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells in response to amantadine treatment. These results suggest that amantadine promotes symptom recovery in EAE by acting in an immunosuppressive manner.ConclusionAmantadine may be an effective therapy for inflammatory neurological diseases such as MS.
Linkage‐linkage disequilibrium dissection of the epigenetic quantitative trait loci (epiQTLs) underlying growth and wood properties in Populus
Authors: Lu Wenjie , Xiao Liang , Quan Mingyang , Wang Qingshi , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Du Qingzhang , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Increasing evidence indicates that DNA methylation is heritable and serves as an essential marker contributing to phenotypic variation.

Linkage‐linkage disequilibrium mapping was used to decipher the epigenetic architecture underlying nine growth and wood property traits in a linkage population (550 F1 progeny) and a natural population (435 unrelated individuals) of Populus using methylation‐sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP)‐based analysis. The interactions between genetic and epigenetic variants in the causative genes was further unveiled using expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) and nucleotide (eQTN) mapping strategies.

A total of 163 epigenetic quantitative trait loci (epiQTLs; LOD ≥ 3.0), explaining 1.7–44.5% of phenotypic variations, were mapped to a high‐resolution epigenetic map with 19 linkage groups, which was supported by the significant MSAP associations (P < 0.001) in the two populations. There were 23 causal genes involved in growth regulation and wood formation, whose markers were located in epiQTLs and associated with the same traits in both populations. Further eQTN and eQTM mapping showed that causal genetic and epigenetic variants within the 23 candidate genes may interact more in trans in gene expression and phenotype.

The present study provides strategies for investigating epigenetic architecture and the interaction between genetic and epigenetic variants modulating complex traits in forest trees.
Keratinocyte cadherin desmoglein 1 controls melanocyte behavior through paracrine signaling
Authors: Arnette Christopher R. , Roth‐Carter Quinn R. , Koetsier Jennifer L. , Broussard Joshua A. , Burks Hope E. , Cheng Kathleen , Amadi Christine , Gerami Pedram , Johnson Jodi L. , Green Kathleen J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe epidermis is the first line of defense against ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun. Keratinocytes and melanocytes respond to UV exposure by eliciting a tanning response dependent in part on paracrine signaling, but how keratinocyte:melanocyte communication is regulated during this response remains understudied. Here, we uncover a surprising new function for the keratinocyte‐specific cell–cell adhesion molecule desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) in regulating keratinocyte:melanocyte paracrine signaling to promote the tanning response in the absence of UV exposure. Melanocytes within Dsg1‐silenced human skin equivalents exhibited increased pigmentation and altered dendrite morphology, phenotypes which were confirmed in 2D culture using conditioned media from Dsg1‐silenced keratinocytes. Dsg1‐silenced keratinocytes increased melanocyte‐stimulating hormone precursor (Pomc) and cytokine mRNA. Melanocytes cultured in media conditioned by Dsg1‐silenced keratinocytes increased Mitf and Tyrp1 mRNA, TYRP1 protein, and melanin production and secretion. Melanocytes in Dsg1‐silenced skin equivalents mislocalized suprabasally, reminiscent of early melanoma pagetoid behavior. Together with our previous report that UV reduces Dsg1 expression, these data support a role for Dsg1 in controlling keratinocyte:melanocyte paracrine communication and raise the possibility that a Dsg1‐deficient niche contributes to pagetoid behavior, such as occurs in early melanoma development.
Patients and their family members prioritize post‐transplant survival over waitlist survival when considering donor hearts for transplantation
Authors: Godown Justin , Schumacher Kurt R. , Butler Alison , Chapman Gretchen , Dipchand Anne I. , Kaslow Whitney W. , Bearl David W. , Kirk Richard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHeart transplant providers often focus on post‐transplant outcomes when making donor decisions, potentially at the expense of higher waitlist mortality. This study aimed to assess public opinion regarding the selection of donor hearts and the balance between pre‐ and post‐transplant risk. The authors generated a survey to investigate public opinion regarding donor acceptance. The survey was shared freely online across social media platforms in April‐May 2019. A total of 718 individuals responded to the survey, with an equal distribution between patients and family members. Respondents consistently favored post‐transplant outcomes over waitlist outcomes. About 83.9% of respondents favored a hospital with longer waitlist times, worse waitlist outcomes, but excellent post‐transplant survival over a hospital with short waitlist times, a high waitlist survival, and inferior post‐transplant survival. This preference was no different between pediatric and adult populations (P = .7), patient and family members (P = .935), or those with a pre‐ vs post‐transplant perspective (P = .985). Patients and their family members consistently favor improved post‐transplant survival over waitlist survival when considering the risks of accepting a donor organ. These findings suggest that current practice patterns of donor selection align with the opinions of patients and family members with heart failure or who have undergone heart transplantation.
Caring E‐mails for Military and Veteran Suicide Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Luxton David D. , Smolenski Derek J. , Reger Mark A. , Relova Rona Margaret V. , Skopp Nancy A. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this multisite study was to conduct a randomized controlled trial of an e‐mail version of the caring letters (CL) suicide prevention intervention to determine whether the intervention is efficacious in preventing suicide behaviors among U.S. service members and veterans.MethodPsychiatric inpatients (N = 1,318) were recruited from four military medical centers and two VA hospitals and randomized to receive either 13 caring e‐mails over two years or usual care.ResultsThere were 10 deaths from any cause in the CL group (three suicides) and 14 in the usual care group (seven suicides) during the individual two‐year follow‐up intervals. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of all‐cause hospital readmission between the study groups (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.94, 1.36). There were no differences observed between groups on self‐reported psychiatric hospital readmissions, self‐reported suicide attempts, or other measures associated with risk for suicide.ConclusionsNo firm conclusions about the efficacy of the intervention can be made because the study was inadequately powered. There were no adverse events associated with the intervention, and implementation of the procedures was feasible in the military and veteran hospital settings. These results provide important methodological considerations for caring contact trials in military populations.
‘Farming is not Just an Occupation [but] a Whole Lifestyle’: A Qualitative Examination of Lifestyle and Cultural Factors Affecting Mental Health Help‐Seeking in Australian Farmers
Authors: Vayro Caitlin , Brownlow Charlotte , Ireland Michael , March Sonja 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand the ‘farming life’ factors that affect the mental health help‐seeking of farmers. Semi‐structured interviews were completed with 10 farmers, 10 farmers’ partners, and eight General Practitioners (GPs), covering mental health help‐seeking. Interview data were then analysed using thematic analysis resulting in three themes: Lifestyle and culture, farming priorities, and the challenges of farming. The findings showed that the lifestyle and culture of farming values traits such as stoicism and self‐reliance, which is ingrained in farmers’ identities and appears antithetical to mental health help‐seeking. The farming priorities theme highlighted that farmers are time‐poor and believe mental health help‐seeking to be time‐consuming and an interference to their work, which is their primary priority. Lastly, this research revealed that farming challenges, such as financial volatility, increase the need for help, but can also reduce the ability to seek help. Implications of the findings highlight a need to carefully engage with farming cultures more broadly when seeking to support the mental health of the farming community.
Comparative study into facial sebum level, pore size, and skin hydration between oily‐skinned and dry‐skinned Thai women
Authors: Thadanipon Kunlawat , Kitsongsermthon Jutarat 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubjective facial skin type is most frequently determined by the amount of sebum, which showed trends across subjective skin types in most previous studies while not in some. This study was conducted to evaluate the associations among subjective skin type, amount of sebum, stratum corneum hydration, and pore size in Thai women.MethodsSixty‐two healthy women with either self‐described subjective oily or dry skin type were included and casual sebum level (CSL), sebum excretion rate (SER), clinical pore size score, mean pore area, and stratum corneum hydration were measured at several facial sites. Correlation coefficients between amount of sebum and other parameters were estimated.ResultsCasual sebum level and sebum excretion rate were significantly higher in oily‐skinned than dry‐skinned group by 1.6‐2.1 times. Mean pore area and clinical pore size score were not different between the 2 groups, nor did they correlate with CSL or SER. Corneometry was shown to be significantly higher in dry‐skinned than oily‐skinned group. Significant, negative correlations between corneometry and CSL were also found.ConclusionThe subjective facial skin types were consistent with the amount of sebum, but not pore size or corneometry, among Thai women.
3D surface texture analysis of high‐resolution normal fields for facial skin condition assessment
Authors: Seck Alassane , Dee Hannah , Smith William , Tiddeman Bernard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis paper investigates the use of a light stage to capture high‐resolution, 3D facial surface textures and proposes novel methods to use the data for skin condition assessment.Materials and MethodsWe introduce new methods for analysing 3D surface texture using high‐resolution normal fields and apply these to the detection and assessment of skin conditions in human faces, specifically wrinkles, pores and acne. The use of high‐resolution normal maps as input to our texture measures enables us to investigate the 3D nature of texture, while retaining aspects of some well‐known 2D texture measures. The main contributions are as follows: the introduction of three novel methods for extracting texture descriptors from high‐resolution surface orientation fields; a comparative study of 2D and 3D skin texture analysis techniques; and an extensive data set of high‐resolution 3D facial scans presenting various skin conditions, with human ratings as “ground truth.”ResultsOur results demonstrate an improvement on state‐of‐the‐art methods for the analysis of pores and comparable results to the state of the art for wrinkles and acne using a considerably more compact model.ConclusionsThe use of high‐resolution normal maps, captured by a light stage, and the methods described, represent an important new set of tools in the analysis of skin texture.
A plant RNA virus hijacks endocytic proteins to establish its infection in plants
Authors: Wu Guanwei , Cui Xiaoyan , Dai Zhaoji , He Rongrong , Li Yinzi , Yu Kangfu , Bernards Mark , Chen Xin , Wang Aiming 
Published: September 2019

SummaryEndocytosis and endosomal trafficking play essential roles in diverse biological processes including responses to pathogen attack. It is well established that animal viruses enter host cells through receptor‐mediated endocytosis for infection. However, the role of endocytosis in plant virus infection still largely remains unknown. Plant dynamin‐related proteins 1 (DRP1) and 2 (DRP2) are the large, multidomain GTPases that participate together in endocytosis. Recently, we have discovered that DRP2 is co‐opted by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) for infection in plants. We report here that DRP1 is also required for TuMV infection. We show that overexpression of DRP1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtDRP1A) promotes TuMV infection, and AtDRP1A interacts with several viral proteins including VPg and cylindrical inclusion (CI), which are the essential components of the virus replication complex (VRC). AtDRP1A colocalizes with the VRC in TuMV‐infected cells. Transient expression of a dominant negative (DN) mutant of DRP1A disrupts DRP1‐dependent endocytosis and supresses TuMV replication. As adaptor protein (AP) complexes mediate cargo selection for endocytosis, we further investigated the requirement of AP in TuMV infection. Our data suggest that the medium unit of the AP2 complex (AP2β) is responsible for recognizing the viral proteins as cargoes for endocytosis, and knockout of AP2β impairs intracellular endosomal trafficking of VPg and CI and inhibits TuMV replication. Collectively, our results demonstrate that DRP1 and AP2β are two proviral host factors of TuMV and shed light into the involvement of endocytosis and endosomal trafficking in plant virus infection.
Ocular findings and selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in a group of young commercially available Guinea and Skinny pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Wu Doris , de Linde Henriksen Michala , Grant Krystan , Lyakhova Tanya , Sharp Julia L. , Daniels Joshua B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate a group of young commercially available Skinny pigs, to gain information regarding ocular findings in this breed of guinea pig. Comparisons of ocular findings are to be made between Skinny pigs and haired guinea pigs.Animal studiedTen haired guinea pigs and ten Skinny pigs were examined.ProcedureA complete ophthalmic examination including Schirmer tear test‐II (STT‐II), phenol red thread test (PRTT), rebound tonometry with TonoVet PLUS, Fluorescein and Rose Bengal stain was performed. Microbiology swabs for aerobic bacterial growth were collected from conjunctiva of both eyes prior to the ophthalmic examination.ResultsThe ophthalmic examination revealed seven abnormal ocular findings: trichiasis, mucopurulent discharge, hyperemia/chemosis of the conjunctiva, corneal fibrosis, corneal vascularization, and foreign body on the cornea or conjunctiva. Skinny pigs had a significantly higher amount of mucopurulent discharge (P = .0133) and a significantly higher STT‐II (P < .001) than haired guinea pigs. Although not significant, trichiasis, keratitis with corneal vascularization, and foreign body presence were more common in Skinny pigs. Significantly more Skinny pigs had Pasteurellaceae isolated from their conjunctiva than haired guinea pigs (P = .0112). Antimicrobial susceptibility for the five Pasteurellaceae organisms isolated revealed susceptibility toward oxytetracycline, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin, whereas resistance was found toward erythromycin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, and moxifloxacin.ConclusionYoung Skinny pigs have a higher risk of Pasteurellaceae‐associated conjunctivitis. Oxytetracycline, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were identified as topical antibiotics that may be useful for Pasteurellaceae‐associated conjunctivitis in Skinny pigs.
Modification of the CO‐rebreathing method to determine haemoglobin mass and blood volume in patients suffering from chronic mountain sickness
Authors: Wachsmuth Nadine , Soria Rudy , Jimenez Jesus , Schmidt Walter 
Published: September 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is it necessary to modify the CO‐rebreathing method to acquire reliable measurements of haemoglobin mass in patients with chronic mountain sickness?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The CO‐rebreathing method must be modified because of the prolonged CO‐mixing time in patients with chronic mountain sickness. After adaptation of the blood sampling method, reliable and valid results were attained. With this modification, it is possible to quantify the extent of polycythaemia and to distinguish between a haemoconcentration and an exclusive enhancement of erythrocyte volume.

AbstractPatients suffering from chronic mountain sickness (CMS) exhibit extremely high haemoglobin concentrations. Their haemoglobin mass (Hbmass), however, has rarely been investigated. The CO‐rebreathing protocol for Hbmass determination in those patients might need to be modified because of restricted peripheral perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CO uptake and carboxyhaemoglobin‐mixing time in the blood of CMS patients and to adapt the CO‐rebreathing method for this group. Twenty‐five male CMS patients living at elevations between 3600 and 4100 m above sea level were compared with ethnically matched healthy control subjects from identical elevations (n = 11) and near sea level (n = 9) and with a Caucasian group from sea level (n = 6). CO rebreathing was performed for 2 min, and blood samples were taken for the subsequent 30 min. After the method was modified, its reliability was evaluated in test–retest experiments (n = 28), and validity was investigated by measuring the Hbmass before and after the phlebotomy of 500 ml (n = 4). CO uptake was not affected by CMS. The carboxyhaemoglobin mixing was completed after 8 min in the Caucasian group but after 14 min in the groups living at altitude. When blood was sampled 14–20 min after inhalation, the typical error of the method was 1.6% (confidence limits 1.2–2.5%). After phlebotomy, Hbmass decreased from 1779 ± 123 to 1650 ± 129 g, and no difference was found between the measured and calculated Hbmass (1666 ± 122 g). When the time of blood sampling was adapted to accommodate a prolonged carboxyhaemoglobin‐mixing time, the CO‐rebreathing method became a reliable and valid tool to determine Hbmass in CMS patients.