bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Introgression To Evaluate the Impact of Sex Specific Traits onDrosophila melanogasterIncipient Speciation
Authors: Cortot Jérôme , Farine Jean-Pierre , Houot Benjamin , Everaerts Claude , Ferveur Jean-François 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSex specific traits are involved in speciation but it is difficult to determine whether their variation initiates or reinforces sexual isolation. In some insects, speciation depends of the rapid change of expression in desaturase genes coding for sex pheromones. Two closely related desaturase genes are involved in Drosophila melanogaster pheromonal communication: desat1 affects both the production and the reception of sex pheromones while desat2 is involved in their production in flies of Zimbabwe populations. There is a strong asymmetric sexual isolation between Zimbabwe populations and all other “Cosmopolitan” populations: Zimbabwe females rarely copulate with Cosmopolitan males whereas Zimbabwe males readily copulate with all females. All populations express desat1 but only Zimbabwe strains show high desat2 expression. To evaluate the impact of sex pheromones, female receptivity and desat expression on the incipient speciation process between Zimbabwe and Cosmopolitan populations, we introgressed the Zimbabwe genome into a Cosmopolitan genome labeled with the white mutation, using a multi-generation procedure. The association between these sex-specific traits was determined during the procedure. The production of pheromones was largely dissociated between the sexes. The copulation frequency (but not latency) was highly correlated with the female—but not with the male—principal pheromones. We finally obtained two stable white lines showing Zimbabwe-like sex pheromones, copulation discrimination and desat expression. Our study indicates that the variation of sex pheromones and mating discrimination depend of distinct—yet overlapping—sets of genes in each sex suggesting that their cumulated effects participate to reinforce the speciation process.
Inserción Laboral de personas con Diversidad Funcional Cognitiva
Authors: Solís Alfaro María José , Camacho Vásquez Maribel 
Published: June 2019

El artículo presente se desarrollará una investigación de índole cuantitativa en acerca de la inserción dentro del campo laboral de personas con diversidad funcional cognitiva. El objetivo de la misma fue reconocer la situación laboral de personas con diversidad funcional cognitiva en Naranjo de Alajuela, desde la perspectiva de dos expertas en el cuido y trabajo con personas con diversidad funcional cognitiva, y de tres personas con diversidad funcional cognitiva. Dentro de los resultados se encontró que estas personas no perciben el apoyo ni las oportunidades necesarias para laborar, tanto de parte de reclutadores y jefaturas, como por parte de familiares. Por otra parte las expertas mencionan que las leyes que protegen a estas personas no se cumplen como se deben ya que no se perciben igual para todas las personas, sino que cada jefe la aplica según sea su conveniencia. Las leyes para la inclusión de personas con discapacidad o diversidad se adecúan mejor para personas con diversidades físicas y no tanto para diversidades cognitivas.
Palabras clave: Diversidad, diversidad funcional cognitiva, Inserción laboral, leyes.
Vulnerabilidades emergentes en procesos de relocalización forzada de personas
Authors: Vega Catalina Ramírez , Arrieta Salas Carlos 
Published: June 2019

Resumen

La noción de vulnerabilidad como algo intrínseco a una persona o a una población y que apunta a condiciones deficitarias, ha venido siendo desplazada por una concepción más dinámica y menos reduccionista, aquélla que en vez de hablar de vulnerabilidad como una condición atribuible al sujeto o al colectivo enfoca el tema más en términos de procesos de vulnerabilización. Desde esta perspectiva, en este artículo se analizan precisamente las vulnerabilidades emergentes que surgen en procesos de relocalización de personas que se vieron forzadas a dejar su comunidad como resultado de la declaración de inhabitabilidad provocada por lo riegos a que estaban expuestas por las erupciones del volcán Chaitén en Chile. Con este propósito, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a personas de la comunidad de Chaitén relocalizadas en Futaleufú y mediante un análisis de contenido se identificaron cuatro dimensiones emergentes de vulnerabilidad: ruptura del tejido social, cambios en las condiciones de vida, cambios en las condiciones de salud y desinformación. A partir de estos hallazgos se analiza también el rol del Estado en la atención de esta emergencia, identificándose un “vacío psicosocial” significativo en el abordaje integral de la intervención con estas personas desplazadas de manera forzada de su territorio, por la prevalencia en este caso de un enfoque “emergencista” cuya atención se centra en apoyo material y económico dejándose de lado la atención de los aspectos psicosociales.
Neutron Scattering Studies of Glassy Solid-State Lithium Ion Based Electrolytes
Authors: Heitmann Tom , Zaidi Syed Ali S. , Zella Leo , Rathore Munesh , Dalvi Anshuman , Mitra Saibal 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe present neutron diffraction results on superionic materials that are good candidates for use as solid-state electrolytes in next generation Li+ ion batteries. Lithium ion conducting glasses of the compositions xLi2SO4-(1-x) [0.5Li2O-0.5(2NH4H2PO2)] ; x=0 and 0.1 were synthesized by conventional melt-quenching. The transparent homogeneous glassy flakes were thus obtained and used for the characterization. The materials are glassy in nature and composed of a complex network of the following sub-units: Li2O, Li2SO4, and 2NH4H2PO2. This disordered structure is integral to its function in that it promotes Li+ ion conduction while suppressing electronic conduction, the necessary qualities of a good Li+ electrolyte. We used neutron diffraction to study the formation of crystallites upon heating of the material above 400°C. The crystallite formation is understood to be detrimental to the Li+ ion mobility and, hence, is identified with a diminished performance in devices that require heating in their fabrication processs. Here, we report the changes in the material, as observed by neutron diffraction, as a function of annealing temperature and temperature history.
The Impacts of Societal Context on Student Motivation and Engagement
Authors: Stolk Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPromoting a sense of societal connectedness is critical in today’s engineering educational environment. The NAE’s Grand Challenges for Engineering point to broad human concerns — sustainability, health, vulnerability, and joy of living — and human connectivity as the future of engineering problem solving. Engineering studies, however, are often presented in a completely decontextualized manner, with an emphasis on technical content that is free of any human meaning. As a result, students may have difficulty identifying either personal or societal value in their learning tasks. Through their course design, instructors can help students situate themselves and their engineering learning experiences within the larger human system. Studying technologies and technological development within the broader societal context may, in turn, offer significant benefits to student motivation and engagement in learning. In this paper, we report findings from a three-year investigation of the effects of disciplinary integration on student motivation and learning engagement in introductory materials science courses. The quantitative results show that integrating materials science with humanities provides for increased student motivation and cognitive engagement in learning. Compared to students in non-integrated project-based courses, students in integrated project-based courses show higher intrinsic motivation and task value. In addition to these motivational gains, students in the integrated materials science-history course report significantly higher use of critical thinking strategies in their project work, indicating that an emphasis on societal context may help students cognitively engage in their engineering studies. Our findings also indicate that women in the integrated materials-history course report higher intrinsic motivation, task value, self-efficacy, and critical thinking strategy use compared to women in the non-integrated materials course. Overall, our research suggests that putting human contexts at the center of engineering learning can help students build a sense of societal relatedness that promotes better learning.
Web-based Interactive Resources for Studying OLED Technology
Authors: Cherner Phillip I. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe paper describes a virtual OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) laboratory designed to introduce young people to one of the most contemporary devices and technologies which is heavily used in many gadgets familiar to every teenager. In order to make learning science and engineering fun, such an introduction is made in an interactive multimedia-rich format. In the context of touch screen displays for mobile phones., tablets and TVs, the fundamental principles underlying the design, application, and production of OLEDs and OLED-based devices are demonstrated and explained. The lab enables students to practice preparing an OLED and operating an active matrix OLED (AMOLED) online in a virtual environment.
Pioneering Application of Corona Charge-Kelvin Probe Metrology to Noncontact Characterization of In0.53 Ga0.47 As/Al2O3/HfO2 Stack
Authors: Savtchouk Alexandre , D’Amico John , Wilson Marshall , Lagowski Jacek , Wang Wei-E , Kim Taewoo , Bersuker Gennadi , Veksler Dmitry , Koh Donghyi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe report the first successful application of corona charging noncontact C-V and I-V metrology to interface and dielectric characterization of high-k/III-V structures. The metrology, which has been commonly used in Si IC manufacturing, uses incremental corona charge dosing, ΔQC, on the dielectric surface, and the measurement of surface voltage response, ΔVS, using a Kelvin-probe. Its application to In0.53Ga0.47As with a high-k stack required modifications related to the effects of dielectric trap induced voltage transients. The developed Corona Charge-Kelvin Probe Metrology adopted strictly differential measurements using ΔQC and ΔV, and corresponding differential capacitance rather than measurements based on total global charge, Q, and voltage, V, values.Electrical characterization data including interface trap density, electrical oxide thickness, and dielectric leakage are presented for a sample containing an In0.53 Ga0.47 As channel overlaid with a bilayer (2nm Al2O3/5nm HfO2) dielectric stack that is considered to be very promising for application in performance NFETs with high-mobility channels.
Methods of Modelling the C-V Profiles of Arbitrary Homopolar Heterostructures
Authors: Rimmer J.S. , Hawkins I.D. , Hamilton B. , Peaker A.R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo methods have been developed for simulating the C-V profiles of semiconductors. Each method uses a different approach to the problem so that, between them, degeneracy, interface charge, deep levels, low temperatures and quantum effects may be included. Computer run times depend on the complexity of the structure being modelled but are generally quite fast. The profile for a typical single heterostructure may be obtained on a desk-top HP200 in less than two minutes.
Fracture of B2 Aluminide Single Crystals
Authors: Chang Kehi-Minn , Darolia R. , Lipsitt H.A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSingle crystals of B2 aluminides, including FeAl, NiAl, and CoAl, were tested to investigate their fracture behavior. Specimens were aligned along specific orientations of the crystal lattice. Both uniaxial tension and notched bend tests revealed a cleavage fracture in all crystals. The cleavage occurred along a specific crystalline plane: {100} for FeAl; {110} for NiAl and CoAl. A model based on the ordering energy of unlike atoms is proposed to explain the preferred cleavage plane in these B2 structures. Fracture on transient planes around {115} are observed in NiAl before the crack growth continues on a cleavage plane.
Morphological Patterns During Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electrodeposition
Authors: Jorne Jacob , Wu Sen-Wei 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe quasi-two-dimensional electrodeposition of several metals (zinc, copper, silver and lithium) of varying levels of anisotropy has been investigated. The morphologies are very diverse for the different metals and the morphology selection depends on the degree of anisotropy. The fast propagation of the quasi-two-dimensional deposit is due to the lack of convection in the confined electrolyte. The velocity of the deposit is determined by the drift velocity of the anions, as the system is attempting to maintain electroneutrality and reduce the electric field in the space charge region. The effects of impurities and natural convection on the morphology are investigated as well.
Epitaxial Growth of Organic Molecules on Vicinal Surfaces of Single Crystals
Authors: Shimada Toshihiro , Sakurada Takafumi , Koma Atsushi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTUltrathin film growth of vanadyl phthalocyanine was attempted on vicinal surfaces of hydrogen-terminated Si(111) in order to see the effect of regularly spaced steps to the growth feature. It has been observed that molecular arrangement was substantially affected when the terrace width was narrower than 2∼4 times of the molecular lattice constants. This result is probably due to the weakness of molecular interaction in the material and it accounts for the reason why ordinary graphoepitaxy has not been successful for the organic thin films.
Chemical and Electrochemical Heteroepitaxial Growth of Chalcogenide Semiconductors from Solutions
Authors: Lincot D. , Furlong M. J. , Froment M. , Cortes R. , Bernard M. C. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTChalcogenide semiconductors have been deposited epitaxially from aqueous solutions either chemically or electrochemically at growth rates of up to 0.7 μmhr−1. After recalling the basic principles of these deposition processes, results are presented concerning chemically deposited CdS on InP, GaP and CuInSe2 substrates, electrodeposited CdTe on InP, and CdSAnP heterostructures. Characterisation of these structures by RHEED, TEM, HRTEM, and glazing angle X ray diffraction allows to analyse the effects of substrate orientation, polarity, lattice match plus the influence of temperature on epitaxial growth. These results are discussed in terms of self organisation and a site selective growth mechanisms due to the free enegy of formation of each compound.
Modification of the Silicon Surface by Electroless Deposition of Platinum from HF Solutions
Authors: Gorostiza P. , Servat J. , Diaz R. , Sanz F. , Morante J. R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPlatinum electroless deposition on Si(lOO) from HF solutions is hindered on n+ substrates as compared to p-substrates defining an induction period and displaying a more local behavior. The results are discussed in terms of a global electrochemical process. Platinum reduces injecting holes to the silicon valence band and silicon atoms oxidizes. The final morphological situation is a porous silicon layer which contains platinum nuclei formed by filling pits originated in the first stages of the deposition process.
Embedded Atom Model of Surface Stress and Early Film Growth in Electrodeposition: Ag/Au(111)
Authors: Haftel Michael I. , Rosen Nervine , Corcoran Sean G. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe develop an embedded-atom-model (EAM) for simulations of metallic film growth under electrodeposition. The surface charge induced by the electric field is handled as an addition to the electron density to be used in the EAM. Parameters relating the shift in electron density to the electrolytic potential are calibrated to measurements of the capacitance and of surface stress versus potential for Au. For Ag the calibration is to capacitance and local density approximation calculations of surface energy. The resulting parameters are physically realistic for the experiments performed. The model is then applied to calculating migration and step edge barriers for Ag electrodeposited on Au (111) as an explanation of the observed Stranski-Krastanov growth.
Electrochemical Modification of La2CuO4: The Role Played by Microstructure
Authors: Williams E. J. , Daridon A. , Arrouy F. , Fompeyrine J. , Mächler E. , Siegenthaler H. , Locquet J.-P. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTUsing electrochemical oxidation as a probe technique for the mechanisms by which oxidation occurs in c-axis La2CuO4 films, the vital role played by specific through-film microstructural defects has been observed using transmission electron microscopy. These defects are namely the large through-film precipitates sometimes found in these films and {111} planar faults. Two high-oxygen-content phases are formed; one locally and with a superstructure, the other of reduced orthor-hombicity and larger c-axis than as-grown material. Some films were found not to oxidize, and the defects in these films were compared with those in the oxidizable films.
Electrodeposited WO3 Thin Films
Authors: Meulenkamp E. A. , de Groot R. J. J. , de Vries J. M. L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe electrodeposition of WO3 thin films from peroxy-tungstate solution is discussed. The emphasis is on the feasibility of this deposition technique for production of electrochromic devices. Therefore, the influence of deposition parameters (solution composition, electrodeposition potential, mass transport, etc.) on the properties of WO3 was studied. Furthermore, it was investigated whether electrodeposition of WO3 offers unique possibilities as compared to WO3 deposition by other techniques.
Micromechanical Stress Sensors for Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Brunt T. A. , Ip W. F. , Rayment T. , O'Shea S. J. , Weiland M. E. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTCantilevers developed for atomic force microscopy can be used to construct sensitive thermal and stress sensors. We have shown how the stress changes which accompany deposition and desorption may be measured on single crystal electrodes. In this work we describe the surface stress changes associated with three processes: the electrodeposition of Pb and I and desorption of self assembled thiol monolayers on the Au(111) surface.
Production of Magnetic Nanopowders by Pulsed Sonoelectrochemistry
Authors: Delplancke J-L. , Bouesnard O. , Reisse J. , Winand R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSonoelectrochemistry, or pulsed electrodeposition at high current density in presence of high intensity ultrasound, is used to produce magnetic powders with a mean diameter in the range of 100 nm. Pure iron, cobalt and nickel powders are produced together with their binary and ternary alloys. The powders are crystalline and homogeneous as observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. The compositions of the binary and ternary alloy powders reproduce strictly the iron, nickel and cobalt compositions of the starting electrolytes except for the nickel-cobalt alloys.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited Cobalt/Platinum Multilayers
Authors: Kashiwabara S. , Jyoko Y. , Hayashi Y. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe electrodeposition of Co/Pt multilayers have been carried out under potential control. The influence of the deposition polential on the structure of the multilayers is investigated. Deposition of the Pt layers at an electrode potential in the Co dissolution region gives rise to the destruction of the compositionally modulated structure and a large internal stress. The structure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co/Pt multilayers are discussed in connection with the dissolution of Co during Pt deposition
Electrodeposition of Strained-Layer Superlattices
Authors: Moffat T. P. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA variety of Cu/(Ni, Co) multilayers have been grown on Cu single crystals by pulse plating from an alloy electroplating bath. Copper is deposited under mass transport control while the iron group metal is deposited under interfacial charge transfer control. The structural evolution of these films is influenced by the morphological instability of the mass transport limited copper deposition reaction and the development of growth twins during iron-group metal deposition. Specular films have been obtained for growth on Cu(100) while rough, defective films were typically obtained for growth on Cu(111) and Cu(110).
Study of Nucleation of Electroless Cu Deposition on Pd
Authors: Amster R. , Johnson B. , Vanasupa L. S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe studied the nucleation of Cu deposited by an electroless bath. A Pd seed layer was sputtered onto a (100) Si substrate and analyzed with GIX, STM, and AFM. The seed layer was then placed in varying ED-Cu bath conditions and also analyzed using GIX, STM, and AFM. GIX analysis results show a (111) texture for the Pd seed layer as well as the ED-Cu layer. The seed layer's influence on the deposited Cu grain's texture was found to be inconclusive.
Electroless CoWP Barrier/Protection Layer Deposition for Cu Metallization
Authors: Lopatin S. , Shacham-Diamand Y. , Dubin V. , Vasudev P. K. , Pellerin J. , Zhao B. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA fully encapsulated copper interconnect with CoWP barrier and protection layer can be produced by conformai electroless CoWP barrier layer deposition at the bottom and on the sidewalls of trenches and selective electroless CoWP deposition on in-laid Cu lines. The electroless CoWP deposition is an autocatalytic reaction with activation energy of about 0.985 eV. Deposition rate of about 10 nm/min at 80°C and average surface roughness of 5 nm for 200 nm thick films were measured. CoWP layer with resistivity of 25 μOhms·cm was obtained. Resistivity of electroless CoWP films was decreased from 25 μOhms·cm to 20 μOhms·cm after annealing in vacuum with 10−7 torr at 400°C for 30 min. The RBS spectra of the Cu/CoWP/Co/Si structure formed by electroless CoWP barrier and Cu deposition and annealed at 400°C for 60 min in vacuum 10−7torr showed no interdiffusion in deposited films.
Electrochemical Preparation of Amorphous Feb Films Containing a large Quantity of Plastics
Authors: Lim P. B. , Fujita N. , Squire P. T. , Inoue M. , Fujii T. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAmorphous Fe80B20 alloy films with a large quantity of plastics (polymethyl methacrylate: PMMA) are prepared using a combined technique of electrochemical plating and spin coating. The embedding of amorphous alloys into PMMA plastics is expected to reduce the effective conductivities of alloy films, and hence to improve their magnetomechanical coupling coefficients at high frequency by reducing effective eddy-current losses. Preparation conditions for obtaining Fe100−XBX (X=20±5at%) films with amorphous structure are determined, and the composite films are formed in accordance with the plating conditions. The resultant composite films are studied by examining their surface states and magnetic properties.