bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐coding RNA MFI2‐AS1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through miR‐574‐5p/MYCBP axis
Authors: Li Chenglong , Tan Fengbo , Pei Qian , Zhou Zhongyi , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Lunqiang , Wang Dan , Pei Haiping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the tumour progression. LncRNAs mostly act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by sponging miRNAs. This study aimed to study the association of a novel lncRNA MFI2‐AS1 with miR‐574‐5p/MYCBP axis in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsNinety‐four CRC tissues and paired adjacent non‐tumour tissues were included in our study. The relative expression level of MFI2‐AS1 was detected, and its relationship with clinico‐pathological factors was analysed. Then, the CRC cells lines (LoVo and RKO) were transfected with MFI2‐AS1 siRNA, miR‐574‐5p mimics and inhibitors. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle distribution and DNA damage in response to different transfection conditions were examined. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the target interactions between MFI2‐AS1 and miR‐574‐5p, miR‐574‐5p and MYCBP.ResultsLncRNA MFI2‐AS1 and MYCBP were up‐regulated in CRC tissues when compared with adjacent non‐tumour tissues. The expression levels of MFI2‐AS1 were significantly associated with tumour histological grade, lymph and distant metastasis, TNM stage and vascular invasion. Both MFI2‐AS1 siRNA and miR‐574‐5p mimics inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in LoVo and RKO cells. The transfection of miR‐574‐5p inhibitor showed MFI2‐AS1 siRNA‐induced changes in CRC cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay revealed target interactions between MFI2‐AS1 and miR‐574‐5p, miR‐574‐5p and MYCBP.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that lncRNA MFI2‐AS1 and MYCBP have promoting effects in CRC tissues. LncRNA MFI2‐AS1 promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion through activating MYCBP and by sponging miR‐574‐5p.
Multiple genetic loci affect place learning and memory performance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Williams‐Simon Patricka A. , Posey Christopher , Mitchell Samuel , Ng'oma Enoch , Mrkvicka James A. , Zars Troy , King Elizabeth G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLearning and memory are critical functions for all animals, giving individuals the ability to respond to changes in their environment. Within populations, individuals vary, however the mechanisms underlying this variation in performance are largely unknown. Thus, it remains to be determined what genetic factors cause an individual to have high learning ability and what factors determine how well an individual will remember what they have learned. To genetically dissect learning and memory performance, we used the Drosophila synthetic population resource (DSPR), a multiparent mapping resource in the model system Drosophila melanogaster, consisting of a large set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that naturally vary in these and other traits. Fruit flies can be trained in a “heat box” to learn to remain on one side of a chamber (place learning) and can remember this (place memory) over short timescales. Using this paradigm, we measured place learning and memory for ~49 000 individual flies from over 700 DSPR RILs. We identified 16 different loci across the genome that significantly affect place learning and/or memory performance, with 5 of these loci affecting both traits. To identify transcriptomic differences associated with performance, we performed RNA‐Seq on pooled samples of seven high performing and seven low performing RILs for both learning and memory and identified hundreds of genes with differences in expression in the two sets. Integrating our transcriptomic results with the mapping results allowed us to identify nine promising candidate genes, advancing our understanding of the genetic basis underlying natural variation in learning and memory performance.
Difficult encounters around “monkey cheeks”: Farmers' interests and the design of flood retention areas in Thailand
Authors: Trakuldit Thanaporn , Faysse Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFlood retention areas are being increasingly promoted for flood risk management. People living in these areas will accept them if their interests are taken into account. The present study analyses the extent to which farmers' interests were taken into account in two flood retention projects in Thailand. A feasibility study was conducted in preparation for the first project which included public participation. The second project was a pilot project implemented in the same zone at a small scale. Participants in the public participation process and farmers living in proposed flood retention areas were interviewed for the purpose of the present study. Agreement could have been reached between the farmers and the public agencies concerning the flood retention areas. However, the participation process did not enable frank discussion about the conditions under which farmers would accept the project. The second project was designed without public participation and offered very little compensation to farmers. In countries marked by power imbalances in water resources management, public agencies may impose flood retention areas, but the absence of agreements with farmers can reduce the effectiveness of the measure. Reaching such agreements requires challenging the imbalanced power relationships between farmers and public agencies.
Effect of syringe size on severity of pain during local anesthesia administration
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo know the pain intensity experienced by the patients using the two different syringes keeping the needle size constant.Materials and MethodsThe split‐scalp, single‐blind study was conducted in patients after obtaining informed consent. On half of side, 1‐mL syringe with 30‐G needle was used whereas on the other half, 3‐mL syringe with 30‐G needle was used. On each side, about 10 mL of anesthetic solution (1% Xylocaine with epinephrine in 1:100 000 dilution) at the room temperature was injected. After the injections, the patients were asked to rate the pain experienced by using the Wong‐Baker Faces pain scale. The data were analyzed statistically using Mann‐Whitney’s U test.ResultsA total of 20 patients included 16 male and 4 females. The mean age in the males was 31.6 years and 28.8 years in females. The mean pain scale with 1‐mL syringe was 2.7 anteriorly and 2.45 posteriorly (P < 0.01), whereas the mean pain score with 3‐mL syringe was 4.5 anteriorly and 4.25 posteriorly (P < 0.01).The mean pain score with anterior injections in males was 2.5 vs 3.5 in females (1‐mL syringe) and 4.3 in males vs 5.5 in females (1‐mL syringe). Similarly, the average pain score with posterior injections was 2.4 in males vs 2.8 in females (1‐mL syringe) and 4.2 in males vs 4.5 in females (3‐mL syringe), respectively (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe pain intensity is affected by syringe size.
Optimization of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in the date palm Phoenix dactylifera during acclimation to heat and drought
Authors: Kruse Jörg , Adams Mark , Winkler Barbro , Ghirardo Andrea , Alfarraj Saleh , Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Hedrich Rainer , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: May 2019

Summary

We studied acclimation of leaf gas exchange to differing seasonal climate and soil water availability in slow‐growing date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings. We used an extended Arrhenius equation to describe instantaneous temperature responses of leaf net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (G), and derived physiological parameters suitable for characterization of acclimation (Topt, Aopt and Tequ).

Optimum temperature of A (Topt) ranged between 20–33°C in winter and 28–45°C in summer. Growth temperature (Tgrowth) explained c. 50% of the variation in Topt, which additionally depended on leaf water status at the time of measurement. During water stress, light‐saturated rates of A at Topt (i.e. Aopt) were reduced to 30–80% of control levels, albeit not limited by CO2 supply per se.

Equilibrium temperature (Tequ), around which A/G and substomatal [CO2] are constant, remained tightly coupled with Topt. Our results suggest that acclimatory shifts in Topt and Aopt reflect a balance between maximization of photosynthesis and minimization of the risk of metabolic perturbations caused by imbalances in cellular [CO2].

This novel perspective on acclimation of leaf gas exchange is compatible with optimization theory, and might help to elucidate other acclimation and growth strategies in species adapted to differing climates.
Three modes of STEM integration for middle school mathematics teachers
Authors: Stohlmann Micah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOf the four subjects in an integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) approach, mathematics has not received enough focus. This could be in part because mathematics teachers may be apprehensive or unsure about how to implement integrated STEM education in their classrooms. There are benefits to integrated STEM in a mathematics classroom though, including increased motivation, interest, and achievement for students. This article discusses three methods that middle school mathematics teachers can utilize to integrate STEM subjects. By focusing on open‐ended problems through engineering design challenges, mathematical modeling, and mathematics integrated with technology middle school students are more likely to see mathematics as relevant and valuable. Important considerations are discussed as well as recent research with these approaches.
Health insurance and education: major contributors to oral health inequalities in Colombia
Authors: Guarnizo-Herreño Carol C , Watt Richard G , Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly , Suárez-Zúñiga Elizabeth , Tsakos Georgios 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundHealth inequalities, including inequalities in oral health, are problems of social injustice worldwide. Evidence on this issue from low-income and middle-income countries is still needed. We aimed to examine the relationship between oral health and different dimensions of socioeconomic position (SEP) in Colombia, a very unequal society emerging from a long-lasting internal armed conflict.MethodsUsing data from the last Colombian Oral Health Survey (2014), we analysed inequalities in severe untreated caries (≥3 teeth), edentulousness (total tooth loss) and number of missing teeth. Inequalities by education, income, area-level SEP and health insurance scheme were estimated by the relative index of inequality and slope index of inequality (RII and SII, respectively).ResultsA general pattern of social gradients was observed and significant inequalities for all outcomes and SEP indicators were identified with RII and SII. Relative inequalities were larger for decay by health insurance scheme, with worse decay levels among the uninsured (RII: 2.57; 95% CI 2.11 to 3.13), and in edentulousness (RII: 3.23; 95% CI 1.88 to 5.55) and number of missing teeth (RII: 2.08; 95% CI 1.86 to 2.33) by education, with worse levels of these outcomes among the lower educated groups. Absolute inequalities followed the same pattern. Inequalities were larger in urban areas.ConclusionHealth insurance and education appear to be the main contributors to oral health inequalities in Colombia, posing challenges for designing public health strategies and social policies. Tackling health inequalities is crucial for a fairer society in a Colombian post-conflict era and our findings highlight the importance of investing in education policies and universal health care coverage.
Consideration for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators differ between specialities
Authors: Mistry Amar , Vali Zakariyya , Taher Abu , Sidhu Bharat , Li Xin , Newton Michelle , Ng Ghulam Andre 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation rates remain variable despite established guideline recommendations. This study aims to assess whether being managed by a cardiologist has an impact on whether patients are considered for an ICD for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death.Design/MethodsSingle-centre, retrospective, observational study of patients identified to have severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) on echocardiography (n = 129) between 1 and 30 June 2016 with cross-sectional assessment at 1 year. An assessment of ICD consideration at 1 year following the echocardiogram was documented, in addition to the specialty of the managing physician (group 1—electrophysiologist/heart failure specialist; group 2—all other cardiologists; group 3—non-cardiologist).Results129/1173 (11%) transthoracic echocardiographies (s) were identified to have severe LVSD. 52 (40%), 37 (29%) and 40 (31%) were managed by group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively. Mean age was 74.7 (±12.6) years with a predominance of male gender (70.5%). An ICD was not considered in 47.3%. Those managed by a cardiologist were more likely to be considered for an ICD than a non-cardiologist (63.9% vs 30.0%; OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 8.8, p = 0.001) with a greater survival at 1 year (89.9% vs 52.5%, OR 8.1 95% CI 3.2 to 20.4, p &lt; 0.001). Group 1 were more likely to consider ICD than group 2 cardiologists (75.0% vs 45.9%; OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 8.7, p = 0.005).ConclusionThere is significant variation between cardiologists and non-cardiologists, as well as within different cardiology subspecialists, when considering the option of ICD therapy for primary prevention.
Rethinking our definition of operative success: predicting early mortality after emergency general surgery colon resection
Authors: DeWane Michael P , Davis Kimberly A , Schuster Kevin M , Maung Adrian A , Becher Robert D 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe postoperative outcomes of emergency general surgery patients can be fraught with uncertainty. Although surgical risk calculators exist to predict 30-day mortality, they are often of limited utility in preparing patients and families for immediate perioperative complications. Examination of trends in mortality after emergent colectomy may help inform complex perioperative decision-making. We hypothesized that risk factors could be identified to predict early mortality (before postoperative day 5) to inform operative decisions.MethodsThis analysis was a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2012–2014). Patients were stratified into three groups: early death (postoperative day 0–4), late death (postoperative day 5–30), and those who survived. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore characteristics associated with early death. Kaplan-Meier models and Cox regression were used to further characterize their impact.ResultsA total of 18 803 patients were analyzed. Overall 30-day mortality was 12.5% (3316); of these, 37.1% (899) were early deaths. The preoperative factors most predictive of early death were septic shock (OR 3.62, p<0.001), ventilator dependence (OR 2.81, p<0.001), and ascites (OR 1.63, p<0.001). Postoperative complications associated with early death included pulmonary embolism (OR 5.78, p<0.001), presence of new-onset or ongoing postoperative septic shock (OR 4.45, p<0.001) and new-onset renal failure (OR 1.89, p<0.001). Patients with both preoperative and postoperative shock had an overall mortality rate of 47% with over half of all deaths occurring in the early period.ConclusionsNearly 40% of patients who die after emergent colon resection do so before postoperative day 5. Early mortality is heavily influenced by the presence of both preoperative and new or persistent postoperative septic shock. These results demonstrate important temporal trends of mortality, which may inform perioperative patient and family discussions and complex management decisions.Level of evidenceLevel III. Study type: Prognostic.
Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Bioactive Components ofTripterygium wilfordii
Authors: Li Jianheng , Hao Jijun 
Published: May 2019

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TWHF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis in China. Recently, studies have demonstrated that the bioactive components of TWHF have effective therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Multiple Sclerosis. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of triptolide and celastrol (the two major TWHF components) as well as their analogues in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we review and discuss the molecular mechanisms and structure features of those two bioactive TWHF components, highlighting their therapeutic promise in neurodegenerative diseases.
ПРОБЛЕМНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНЕ НАВЧАННЯ У ВИЩІЙ МЕДИЧНІЙ ОСВІТІ
Authors: Khlamanova L. I. , Chaikovsky Yu. B. 
Published: May 2019

Мета роботи – аналіз літератури про метод проблемно-орієнтованого навчання (PBL – Problem Based Learning), його впровадження в медичну освіту.
Основна частина. Окреслено недоліки та переваги цієї навчальної технології. PBL сприяє появі навичок активного навчання, що є важливим для постійного процесу післядипломного навчання лікарів; навчає вирішувати клінічні ситуації. Але студенти, що навчалися за методом PBL, іноді мали нижчі показники іспитів з фундаментальних дисциплін, ніж ті, хто навчався за традиційною методикою. Оскільки для навчальної моделі PBL надзвичайно важливим є засвоєння фундаментальних дисциплін, ми пропонуємо на доклінічних кафедрах застосовувати активні методи викладання знань шляхом їх інтеграції по горизонталі та вертикалі, практикувати проведення міждисциплінарних занять за сценарієм PBL. Проведення таких занять допоможе поширити ефективність навчання за моделлю PBL на викладання морфологічних дисциплін та фізіології й закріпити базові знання у студентів клінічних кафедр та лікарів під час післядипломної освіти.
Висновок. Переваги PBL та зазначені особливості деяких шляхів можливого впровадження цієї інноваційної технології в додипломне та післядипломне навчання спрямовані на підвищення якості медичної освіти та узгоджуються з логіко-змістовою моделлю галузевих стандартів підготовки фахівців, здатних до безперервного професійного розвитку.
ВИСВІТЛЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ АНТИБІОТИКІВ ПРИ ВИКЛАДАННІ ФАРМАКОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Posokhova K. A. , Oleshchuk O. M. , Shevchuk O. O. 
Published: May 2019

Мета роботи – аналіз проблем раціонального застосування антибіотиків та шляхів їх вирішення при викладанні фармакології.
Основна частина. Проаналізовано основні проблеми, які перешкоджають ефективній антибіотикотерапії у наш час (прогресуюче зростання резистентності мікроорганізмів, нераціональне, надмірне застосування антибіотиків у клінічній практиці) та підкреслено важливість подачі цього матеріалу студентам для усвідомлення ними належних правил використання антибіотиків.
Висновок. Аналіз причин антибіотикорезистентності, проблем раціонального призначення антибактеріальних препаратів та шляхів їх вирішення при викладанні теми “Фармакологія антибіотиків” є важливою складовою ефективного опанування студентами цього важливого матеріалу з метою використання у майбутній лікарській діяльності.
ПРЕСТИЖНІСТЬ ПРОФЕСІЙ СЕРЕД СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ
Authors: Vykhrushch A. V. , Horpinich T. I. , Smyla J. 
Published: May 2019

Мета роботи – розглянути особливості становлення системи професійної орієнтації, узагальнити досвід зарубіжних країн, зокрема США, виявити тенденції професійного вибору сучасними старшокласниками, дослідити престижність професій медичного профілю.
Основна частина. У статті проаналізовано підходи до розуміння поняття “професійна орієнтація”, досліджено його історичний розвиток. Вивчено зарубіжний досвід в організації системи професійної орієнтації у взаємозв’язку із соціально-економічними умовами суспільства. Доведено роль Малої академії наук, профільних класів, спеціалізованих конкурсів у професійному самовизначенні майбутніх абітурієнтів. З’ясовано головні тенденції у формуванні системи цінностей старшокласників з метою уточнення окремих аспектів профорієнтаційної роботи в Україні та Польщі.
Висновки. Дослідження довело, що система професійної орієнтації в Україні та сучасному суспільстві загалом потребує використання нових підходів у відповідь на глобалізаційні та інформатизаційні процеси. Вивчення престижності професій у процесі індивідуального розвитку, створення порівняльних характеристик системи цінностей молоді різних країн, вплив полікультурного середовища, пошук психолого-педагогічних закономірностей професійного вибору є найбільш актуальними питаннями подальших наукових розвідок.
Artificial Neural Network Computer Tomography Perfusion Prediction of Ischemic Core
Authors: Kasasbeh Aimen S. , Christensen Søren , Parsons Mark W. , Campbell Bruce , Albers Gregory W. , Lansberg Maarten G. 
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—
Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is a useful tool in the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke, where it can provide an estimate of the ischemic core and the ischemic penumbra. The optimal CTP parameters to identify the ischemic core remain undetermined.

Methods—
We used artificial neural networks (ANNs) to optimally predict the ischemic core in acute stroke patients, using diffusion-weighted imaging as the gold standard. We first designed an ANN based on CTP data alone and next designed an ANN based on clinical and CTP data.

Results—
The ANN based on CTP data predicted the ischemic core with a mean absolute error of 13.8 mL (SD, 13.6 mL) compared with diffusion-weighted imaging. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.85. At the optimal threshold, the sensitivity for predicting the ischemic core was 0.90 and the specificity was 0.62. Combining CTP data with clinical data available at time of presentation resulted in the same mean absolute error (13.8 mL) but lower SD (12.4 mL). The area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.87, 0.91, and 0.65, respectively. The maximal Dice coefficient was 0.48 in the ANN based on CTP data exclusively.

Conclusions—
An ANN that integrates clinical and CTP data predicts the ischemic core with accuracy.
The Effect of Ocean Ventilation on the Transient Climate Response to Emissions
Authors: Katavouta Anna , Williams Richard G. , Goodwin Philip 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe surface warming response to carbon emissions is affected by how the ocean sequesters excess heat and carbon supplied to the climate system. This ocean uptake involves the ventilation mechanism, where heat and carbon are taken up by the mixed layer and transferred to the thermocline and deep ocean. The effect of ocean ventilation on the surface warming response to carbon emissions is explored using simplified conceptual models of the atmosphere and ocean with and without explicit representation of the meridional overturning. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of (i) mixed layer thickness, (ii) rate of ventilation of the ocean interior, (iii) strength of the meridional overturning, and (iv) extent of subduction in the Southern Ocean. Our diagnostics focus on a climate metric, the transient climate response to carbon emissions (TCRE), defined by the ratio of surface warming to the cumulative carbon emissions, which may be expressed in terms of separate thermal and carbon contributions. The variability in the thermal contribution due to changes in ocean ventilation dominates the variability in the TCRE on time scales from years to centuries, while that of the carbon contribution dominates on time scales from centuries to millennia. These ventilated controls are primarily from changes in the mixed layer thickness on decadal time scales, and in the rate of ventilated transfer from the mixed layer to the thermocline and deep ocean on centennial and millennial time scales, which is itself affected by the strength of the meridional overturning and extent of subduction in the Southern Ocean.