bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonprescription Medication Use in Hospice Patients
Authors: Baltz Alan P. , Gressler Laura E. , Costantino Ryan C. , McPherson Mary Lynn 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Patients admitted to hospice are more vulnerable to age-related physiologic changes, polypharmacy, and inappropriate medication use and monitoring. The objective of this study was to characterize the utilization of nonprescription medications in a hospice population. Methods: This was a retrospective study designed to characterize nonprescription or over-the-counter medication use in hospice patients. Data for this study were provided by Seasons Hospice & Palliative Care, a national hospice organization with licenses to operate in 19 states and collected from January 1 to December 31, 2016. The most frequently utilized nonprescription medications, therapeutic classes, and the frequency of patients with at least 1 claim within a therapeutic class were summarized. Results: The final study population included 62 639 orders representing 15 164 patients. The average age was 79.31 years with a standard deviation of 13.31 years. The average length of stay was 26.80 days with a standard deviation of 44.14 days. The top 5 most common medications were as follows: acetaminophen (25.15%), bisacodyl (21.69%), senna (8.35%), omeprazole (4.51%), and docusate (4.46%). Approximately 13 714 (29.67%) of patients were exposed to analgesics, 13 469 (29.14%) to laxatives, and 3535 (7.65%) to antacids or antigas medications. Conclusion: This study highlights numerous opportunities for improvement in the use of nonprescription medications among hospice patients. Reducing the use of nonprescription medications that are ineffective or produce unwanted side effects can contribute to improving the quality of care that patients receive.
ISNT rule satisfaction in Korean non-glaucomatous subjects
Authors: Lee Yoon Pyo , Ro Jin Woo , Yi Kayoung , Choi Dong Gyu 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the ISNT rule in normal eyes of Koreans. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 890 subjects with fundus photographs and evaluated the presence of the cup and ISNT rule satisfaction. If the ISNT rule was violated, the quadrants in which the neuroretinal rim was thinnest and thickest, respectively, were evaluated. Results: Among 890 eyes, 84.7% showed the cup. The subjects without the cup were significantly younger and more hyperopic. Among 754 eyes with the cup, 53.5% showed ISNT rule satisfaction. In 351 eyes violating the ISNT rule, the most common quadrant showing the thickest neuroretinal rim was the inferior (65.5%), and the thinnest, the temporal (98.3%). Conclusion: The cup was absent in 15% of the assessed eyes. Only about half of eyes with the cup showed ISNT rule satisfaction. Even in eyes violating ISNT rule, the inferior was the most common quadrant with the thickest neuroretinal rim and the temporal, the thinnest.
Unilateral spontaneous filtering bleb dissecting into the cornea in a patient with high myopia
Authors: Sanjuán Pablo , Salvador-Culla Borja , Canut Maria Isabel , Barraquer Rafael I 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To report a case of a unilateral spontaneous filtering bleb dissecting into the cornea in a patient with high myopia. Clinical case: A 33-year-old woman with high myopia (–18 D) presented with discomfort in the left eye. Ocular history included pars plana vitrectomy and cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.65 and intraocular pressure was 20 mmHg. Slit-lamp examination showed a filtering bleb in the upper-temporal quadrant, which extended and dissected the proximal cornea without affecting the visual axis. The morphology and content of the bleb was studied with anterior segment optical coherence tomography, which ruled out a corneal-scleral fistulization into the subconjunctival space. The spontaneous filtering bleb was resected surgically. Due to her high myopia, two strips of fascia lata were used to strengthen the area. In the postoperative period, a complete resection of the bleb was confirmed, without apparent leaking points and with a well-vascularized conjunctiva. No complications were noted. The patient maintained the same best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure than before surgery. Conclusion: The formation of a spontaneous filtering bleb is a rare entity in patients with high myopia, whose risk increases due to their thinned sclerae. The risk is even greater if they have undergone ocular surgeries. Resection of the filtering bleb in our case halted the progression of the corneal dissection, therefore respecting the transparency of the visual axis and preserving visual acuity.
Therapeutic Effect of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy Using CyberKnife for High Volume Cavernous Sinus Cavernous Hemangiomas
Authors: Huang Lichao , Sun Lu , Wang Weijun , Cui Zhiqiang , Zhang Zizhong , Li Jiwei , Wang Yao , Wang Jinyuan , Yu Xinguang , Ling Zhipei , Qu Baolin , Pan Long Sheng 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife for high volume cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas. Materials and Methods: We collected data from 12 patients with high volume cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife in our institute, including 2 men and 10 women/female child, aged 4 to 60 years. Initial tumor volumes ranged from 11.8 to 96.6 cm3 with a median of 24.3 cm3. Irradiation doses were 19.5 Gy with 3 fractions in 2 patients, 21 Gy with 3 fractions in 8 patients, 25 Gy with 5 fractions in 1 patient, and 30 Gy with 3 fractions in 1 patient. We used 109 to 155 beams during treatment, and target volumes reached over 95% of the prescribed dose. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 54 months. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the CyberKnife system based on changes in the diagnostic images and involved cranial nerves or symptoms. Results: Of the 12 patients, 11 were followed for 3 to 54 months with a mean follow-up of 16.3 months; 1 patient was lost to in-person follow-up. Lesion volumes in the followed 11 patients were calculated after fractionated radiotherapy. All tumor volumes decreased (28.6%-94.1%) and symptoms improved (including blurred vision, visual field defects, diplopia, headaches, and facial numbness) after therapy. Postoperative magnetic resonance images revealed a tumor volume range of 2.8 to 41.0 cm3 (median, 6.5 cm3), significantly lower compared with the pretreatment range of 11.8 to 70.1 cm3 (median, 24.3 cm3; T = 0.00, P = .003 < .05). A single patient experienced radiotherapy-related cerebral edema, which resolved after 5 days of mannitol and dexamethasone. Conclusions: Based on the current results, though preliminary, hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife is an effective and safe alternative for high volume cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas and is the recommended primary treatment in high-risk patients with this condition.
Active labour market policy use in Luxembourg: evidence from a firm survey
Authors: Efstathiou Konstantinos , Mathä Thomas Y. , Veiga Cindy , Wintr Ladislav 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We analyse the use of active labour market policy (ALMP) measures by Luxembourg firms during the years of economic and financial crisis (2008–2009) and the subsequent European sovereign debt crisis (2010–2013). About 34% of Luxembourg firms used ALMPs between 2008 and 2013. Economy-wide, the use of ALMPs increased along both the extensive margin (more firms) and the intensive margin (more measures per firm). The likelihood that a firm hired with ALMPs is greater for firms that are large, multi-establishment, domestically oriented and firms facing strong demand and competition, with concerns about labour cost pressures.
Virulence structure and its genetic diversity analyses of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates in China
Authors: Wu Xian Xin , Xu Xiao Feng , Ma De Xin , Chen Rong Zhen , Li Tian Ya , Cao Yuan Yin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew severely affects yield security wheat production in China. Understanding the virulence structure and genetic variations of this pathogen is important for breeding wheat lines resistant to wheat powdery mildew. However, information related to genes controlling resistance remains elusive. This study analyzes the virulence structure and the genetic diversity of pathogenic Bgt populations isolated from northeastern (Liaoning, Heilongjiang) and northwestern (Gansu) China, two representative wheat producing areas, on 37 wheat cultivars each carrying a known powdery mildew resistance (Pm) gene.

Results
Bgt isolates from northeastern China show higher frequencies of virulence genes than populations from Gansu Province. Many of the known Pm genes failed to provide resistance in this study. However, Pm21 provided 100% resistance to all isolates from all three provinces, obtained during two consecutive years, while Pm13 provided 100% resistance in Gansu. Pm13, Pm16, Pm18, and Pm22 also showed partial resistance in northeastern China, while Pm16, Pm18, Pm22, Pm5 + 6 and Pm2 + 6 +? maintained some resistance in Gansu. Genetic diversity among populations in different regions was detected by cluster analyses using expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR). When the genetic similarity coefficient is relatively high, populations from the same regional origin are mostly clustered into one group while populations from different regions exhibit large genetic differences.

Conclusion
Pm21 remains the best choice for breeding programs to maintain resistance to Bgt. Only 58% of the isolates tested show a clear correlation between EST-SSR genetic polymorphisms and frequency of virulence gene data.
High-throughput sequencing of circRNAs reveals novel insights into mechanisms of nigericin in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Shen Jiaqing , Hua Shangbo , Wan Daiwei , Chen Qian , Han Ye , Ren Rui , Liu Fei , Du Zhiyong , Guo Xiaobo , Shi Jianming , Zhi Qiaoming 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Our previous study had proved that nigericin could reduce colorectal cancer cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To better elucidate its potential anti-cancer mechanism, two pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of nigericin for different time periods, and the high-throughput sequencing was performed to explore the circRNA expression profiles after nigericin exposure on pancreatic cancer (PC) cells.

Results
In this study, a total of 183 common differentially expressed circRNAs were identified, and the reliability and validity of the sequencing data were verified by the PCR analysis. According to the parental genes of circRNAs, the GO analysis was performed to predict the most enriched terms in the biological process, cellular components and molecular functions. The KEGG analysis and pathway-pathway network exhibited the potential signal pathways and their regulatory relationships. Meanwhile, a potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism through a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was applied to annotate potential functions of these common differentially expressed circRNAs, and these predicted miRNAs or mRNAs might be involved in nigericin damage.

Conclusions
By the bioinformatics method, our data will facilitate the understanding of nigericin in PC cells, and provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of nigericin toward cancer cells. This is the first report that discusses the potential functions of nigericin in cancers through the bioinformatics method. Our data will facilitate the understanding of nigericin-mediated anti-cancer mechanisms in PC.
Identification of novel cerebellar developmental transcriptional regulators with motif activity analysis
Authors:   The FANTOM Consortium, Ha Thomas J. , Zhang Peter G. Y. , Robert Remi , Yeung Joanna , Swanson Douglas J. , Mathelier Anthony , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Im Sujin , Itoh Masayoshi , Kawaji Hideya , Lassmann Timo , Daub Carsten O. , Arner Erik , Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Forrest Alistair R. R. , Goldowitz Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe work of the FANTOM5 Consortium has brought forth a new level of understanding of the regulation of gene transcription and the cellular processes involved in creating diversity of cell types. In this study, we extended the analysis of the FANTOM5 Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) transcriptome data to focus on understanding the genetic regulators involved in mouse cerebellar development.ResultsWe used the HeliScopeCAGE library sequencing on cerebellar samples over 8 embryonic and 4 early postnatal times. This study showcases temporal expression pattern changes during cerebellar development. Through a bioinformatics analysis that focused on transcription factors, their promoters and binding sites, we identified genes that appear as strong candidates for involvement in cerebellar development. We selected several candidate transcriptional regulators for validation experiments including qRT-PCR and shRNA transcript knockdown. We observed marked and reproducible developmental defects in Atf4, Rfx3, and Scrt2 knockdown embryos, which support the role of these genes in cerebellar development.ConclusionsThe successful identification of these novel gene regulators in cerebellar development demonstrates that the FANTOM5 cerebellum time series is a high-quality transcriptome database for functional investigation of gene regulatory networks in cerebellar development.
Reaffirmation of known major genes and the identification of novel candidate genes associated with carcass-related metrics based on whole genome sequence within a large multi-breed cattle population
Authors: Purfield D. C. , Evans R. D. , Berry D. P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The high narrow sense heritability of carcass traits suggests that the underlying additive genetic potential of an individual should be strongly correlated with both animal carcass quality and quantity, and therefore, by extension, carcass value. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to detect genomic regions associated with three carcass traits, namely carcass weight, conformation and fat cover, using imputed whole genome sequence in 28,470 dairy and beef sires from six breeds with a total of 2,199,926 phenotyped progeny.

Results
Major genes previously associated with carcass performance were identified, as well as several putative novel candidate genes that likely operate both within and across breeds. The role of MSTN in carcass performance was re-affirmed with the segregating Q204X mutation explaining 1.21, 1.11 and 5.95% of the genetic variance in carcass weight, fat and conformation, respectively in the Charolais population. In addition, a genomic region on BTA6 encompassing the NCAPG/LCORL locus, which is a known candidate locus associated with body size, was associated with carcass weight in Angus, Charolais and Limousin. Novel candidate genes identified included ZFAT in Angus, and SLC40A1 and the olfactory gene cluster on BTA15 in Charolais. Although the majority of associations were breed specific, associations that operated across breeds included SORCS1 on BTA26, MCTP2 on BTA21 and ARL15 on BTA20; these are of particular interest due to their potential informativeness in across-breed genomic evaluations. Genomic regions affecting all three carcass traits were identified in each of the breeds, although these were mainly concentrated on BTA2 and BTA6, surrounding MSTN and NCAPG/LCORL, respectively. This suggests that although major genes may be associated with all three carcass traits, the majority of genes containing significant variants (unadjusted p-value < 10− 4) may be trait specific associations of small effect.

Conclusions
Although plausible novel candidate genes were identified, the proportion of variance explained by these candidates was minimal thus reaffirming that while carcass performance may be affected by major genes in the form of MSTN and NCAPG/LCORL, the majority of variance is attributed to the additive (and possibly multiplicative) effect of many polymorphisms of small effect.
Simple propagation method for resident macrophages by co-culture and subculture, and their isolation from various organs
Authors: Ogawa Kazushige , Tsurutani Mayu , Hashimoto Aya , Soeda Miharu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Resident macrophages (Mø) originating from yolk sac Mø and/or foetal monocytes colonise tissues/organs during embryonic development. They persist into adulthood by self-renewal at a steady state, independent of adult monocyte inputs, except for those in the intestines and dermis. Thus, many resident Mø can be propagated in vitro under optimal conditions; however, there are no specific in vitro culture methods available for the propagation of resident Mø from diverse tissues/organs.

Results
We provided a simple method for propagating resident Mø derived from the liver, spleen, lung, and brain of ICR male mice by co-culture and subculture along with the propagation of other stromal cells of the respective organs in standard culture media and successfully demonstrated the propagation of resident Mø colonising these organs. We also proposed a simple method for segregating Mø from stromal cells according to their adhesive property on bacteriological Petri dishes, which enabled the collection of more than 97.6% of the resident Mø from each organ. Expression analyses of conventional Mø markers by flow cytometry showed similar expression patterns among the Mø collected from the organs.

Conclusion
This is the first study to clearly provide a practical Mø propagation method applicable to resident Mø of diverse tissues and organs. Thus, this novel practical Mø propagation method can offer broad applications for the use of resident Mø of diverse tissues and organs.
Analgesic treatment limits surrogate parameters for early stress and pain response after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Staib-Lasarzik Irina , Nagel Nadine , Sebastiani Anne , Griemert Eva-Verena , Thal Serge C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
In animal research, authorities require a classification of anticipated pain levels and a perioperative analgesia protocol prior to approval of the experiments. However, data on this topic is rare and so is the reported use of analgesics. We determined surrogate parameters of pain and general well-being after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), as well as the potential for improvement by different systemic analgesia paradigms. Brain injury was induced by filament perforation to mimic SAH. Sham-operated mice were included as surgical control groups with either neck or no-neck preparation. Mice with controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury were included as a control group with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but without neck preparation. Mice were randomized to buprenorphine, carprofen, meloxicam, or vehicle treatment. 24 h after SAH, CCI or sham surgery, pain and stress levels were assessed with a visual assessment score and the amount of food intake was recorded.

Results
Neck preparation, which is required to expose the surgical field for SAH induction, already increased pain/stress levels and sham surgeries for both CCI and SAH reduced food intake. Pain/stress levels were higher and food intake was lower after SAH compared with CCI. Pain/stress levels after CCI without analgesic treatment were similar to levels after SAH sham surgery. Pain treatment with buprenorphine was effective to reduce pain after SAH, whereas lower pain/stress intensity levels after CCI were not improved.

Conclusion
This study emphasizes the importance of pain and stress assessment after surgeries and the efficacy of buprenorphine to improve pain and comfort levels after experimental SAH.
Role of brassinosteroids in rice spikelet differentiation and degeneration under soil-drying during panicle development
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Sheng Jiayan , Xu Yunji , Xiong Fei , Wu Yunfei , Wang Weilu , Wang Zhiqin , Yang Jianchang , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a new group of plant hormones and play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little information is available if BRs could regulate spikelet development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) especially under soil-drying conditions. This study investigated whether and how BRs mediate the effect of soil-drying on spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice. A rice cultivar was field-grown and exposed to three soil moisture treatments during panicle development, that is, well-watered (WW), moderate soil-drying (MD) and severe soil-drying (SD).

Results
Compared with the WW treatment, the MD treatment enhanced BRs biosynthesis in young panicles, increased spikelet differentiation and reduced spikelet degeneration. The SD treatment had the opposite effects. Changes in expression levels of key rice inflorescence development genes (OsAPO2 and OsTAW1), ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and activities of enzymes involved AsA synthesis and recycle, and amount of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in young panicles were consistent with those in BRs levels, whereas hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content showed opposite trend. Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 or application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles markedly decreased OsAPO2 and OsTAW1 expression levels, BRs and AsA contents, activities of enzymes involved AsA synthesis and recycle, NSC amount in rice panicles and spikelet differentiation but increased the H2O2 content and spikelet degeneration compared to the control (the wide type or application of water). The opposite effects were observed when exogenous BRs were applied.

Conclusions
The results suggest that BRs mediate the effect of soil-drying on spikelet differentiation and degeneration, and elevated BRs levels in rice panicles promote spikelet development under MD by enhancing inflorescence meristem activity, AsA recycle and NSC partitioning to the growing panicles.
SNHG 6 promotes the progression of Colon and Rectal adenocarcinoma via miR-101-3p and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Shao Qianwen , Xu Jing , Deng Rong , Wei Wei , Zhou Bing , Yue Chao , Zhu Miaoling , Zhu Haitao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) regulates diverse biological processes in cancers. Potential function of SNHG6 in human colon and rectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) was evaluated.

Methods
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, MTT assays, Colony formation assays, Transwell assay, Western Blotting and Luciferase reporter assays were performed to measure the biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of SNHG6 in CRC.

Results
SNHG6 was over-expressed in CRC, and high expression of s SNHG6 were associated with short survival times. We then identified miR-101-3p as an inhibitory target of SNHG6. Knockdown of SNHG6 significantly decreased miR-101-3p expression. Moreover, silenced SNHG6 obviously inhibited CRC cell growth, weakened cell invasion capacity and blocked the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion
SNHG6 could regulate the progression of CRC via modulating the expression levels of miR-101-3p and the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.