bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptive, observational study of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical arrests, use, and overdoses in Maine
Authors: Simpson Kevin J , Moran Matthew T , Foster Michelle L , Shah Dipam T , Chung Daniel Y , Nichols Stephanie D , McCall Kenneth L , Piper Brian J 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe Maine Diversion Alert Program grants healthcare providers access to law enforcement data on drug charges. The objectives of this report were to analyse variations in drug charges by demographics and examine recent trends in arrests, prescriptions of controlled substances and overdoses.DesignObservational.SettingArrests, controlled prescription medication distribution and overdoses in Maine.ParticipantsDrug arrestees (n=1272) and decedents (n=2432).Primary outcome measuresArrestees were analysed by sex and age. Substances involved in arrests were reported by schedule (I–V or non-controlled prescription) and into opioids, stimulants or other classes. Controlled substances reported to the Drug Enforcement Administration (2007–2017) were evaluated. Drug-induced deaths (2007–2017) reported to the medical examiner were examined by the substance(s) identified.ResultsMales were more commonly arrested for stimulants and schedule II substances. More than two-thirds of arrests involved individuals under the age of 40. Individuals age>60 were elevated for oxycodone arrests. Over three-fifths (63.38%) of arrests involved schedule II–IV substances. Opioids accounted for almost half (44.6%) of arrests followed by stimulants (32.5%) and sedatives (9.1%). Arrests involving buprenorphine exceeded those for oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone, tramadol and morphine, combined. Prescriptions for hydrocodone (−56.0%) and oxycodone (−46.9%) declined while buprenorphine increased (+58.1%) between 2012 and 2017. Deaths from 2007 to 2017 tripled. Acetylfentanyl and furanylfentanyl were the most common fentanyl analogues identified.ConclusionsAlthough the overall profile of those arrested for drug crimes in 2017 involve males, age <40 and heroin, exceptions (oxycodone for older adults) were observed. Most prescription opioids are decreasing while deaths involving opioids continue to increase in Maine.
Recognising eosinophilic oesophagitis as a cause of food bolus obstruction
Authors: Ntuli Yevedzo , Bough Isabelle , Wilson Michael 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundEosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the oesophagus, characterised by intermittent dysphagia, food bolus obstruction (FBO) and histologically proven, eosinophil-mediated inflammation. EoE is identified in up to 50% of FBO presentations.ObjectiveTo evaluate the management of patients presenting with FBO to our centre against current clinical guidelines.DesignA retrospective analysis of acute FBO was performed between January 2008 and August 2014. Patients were identified using the ICD 10 code T18.1, ‘foreign body in oesophagus’ in their electronic discharge document. Data were collected on admitting specialty, previous FBO, endoscopy findings, biopsy sites and findings, eosinophil count and diagnosis of EoE.Results310 acute episodes of FBO were included in the final study cohort. 202 (65.2%) flexible oesophagogastroduodenoscopies (OGDs) were performed, with 50 (34.5%) of those occurring in those admitted under ENT (n=145), versus 28 (93.3%) and 124 (91.9%) in general medicine (n=30) and surgery (n=135), respectively. 80 (39.6%) had oesophageal biopsies taken, and 21 novel diagnoses of EoE were made (26.3% biopsy-proven rate). Five (23.8%) of the novel diagnoses had a formal eosinophil count included in the histopathology report, and eight (38.1%) had up to three previous OGDs that had not diagnosed their condition of EoE.ConclusionOur study highlights wide variation in adherence to the guidelines for the management of FBO depending on admitting specialty. We advocate an FBO protocol involving single specialty management, flexible OGD, ≥6 biopsies from the upper and lower oesophagus, and standardisation of oesophageal biopsy reports with a formal eosinophil count.
Infants born to mothers with IBD present with altered gut microbiome that transfers abnormalities of the adaptive immune system to germ-free mice
Authors: Torres Joana , Hu Jianzhong , Seki Akihiro , Eisele Caroline , Nair Nilendra , Huang Ruiqi , Tarassishin Leonid , Jharap Bindia , Cote-Daigneault Justin , Mao Qixing , Mogno Ilaria , Britton Graham J , Uzzan Mathieu , Chen Ching-Lynn , Kornbluth Asher , George James , Legnani Peter , Maser Elana , Loudon Holly , Stone Joanne , Dubinsky Marla , Faith Jeremiah J , Clemente Jose C , Mehandru Saurabh , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Peter Inga 
Published: April 2019

Background and aimsPrenatal and early life bacterial colonisation is thought to play a major role in shaping the immune system. Furthermore, accumulating evidence links early life exposures to the risk of developing IBD later in life. We aimed to assess the effect of maternal IBD on the composition of the microbiome during pregnancy and on the offspring’s microbiome.MethodsWe prospectively examined the diversity and taxonomy of the microbiome of pregnant women with and without IBD and their babies at multiple time points. We evaluated the role of maternal IBD diagnosis, the mode of delivery, antibiotic use and feeding behaviour on the microbiome composition during early life. To assess the effects of IBD-associated maternal and infant microbiota on the enteric immune system, we inoculated germ-free mice (GFM) with the respective stool and profiled adaptive and innate immune cell populations in the murine intestines.ResultsPregnant women with IBD and their offspring presented with lower bacterial diversity and altered bacterial composition compared with control women and their babies. Maternal IBD was the main predictor of the microbiota diversity in the infant gut at 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 days of life. Babies born to mothers with IBD demonstrated enrichment in Gammaproteobacteria and depletion in Bifidobacteria. Finally, GFM inoculated with third trimester IBD mother and 90-day infant stools showed significantly reduced microbial diversity and fewer class-switched memory B cells and regulatory T cells in the colon.ConclusionAberrant gut microbiota composition persists during pregnancy with IBD and alters the bacterial diversity and abundance in the infant stool. The dysbiotic microbiota triggered abnormal imprinting of the intestinal immune system in GFM.
Comparison between optical microscopy and automation for cytometric analysis of pericardial fluids in a cohort of adult subjects undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Buoro Sabrina , Seghezzi Michela , Baigorria Vaca Maria del Carmen , Manenti Barbara , Moioli Valentina , Previtali Giulia , Simon Caterina , Cugola Diego , Brucato Antonio , Ottomano Cosimo , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2019

AimsLimited information is available on number and type of cells present in the pericardial fluid (PF). Current evidence and has been garnered with inaccurate application of guidelines for analysis of body fluids. This study was aimed at investigating the performance of automate cytometric analysis of PF in adult subjects.MethodsSeventy-four consecutive PF samples were analysed with Sysmex XN with a module for body fluid analysis (XN-BF) and optical microscopy (OM). The study also encompassed the assessment of limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation (LoQ), imprecision, carryover and linearity of XN-BF module.ResultsXN-BF parameters were compared with OM for the following cell classes: total cells (TC), leucocytes (white blood cell [WBC]), polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN) cells. The relative bias were −4.5%, 71.2%, 108.2% and −47.7%, respectively. Passing and Bablok regression yielded slope comprised between 0.06 for MN and 5.8 for PMN, and intercept between 0.7 for PMN and 220.3 for MN. LoQ was comprised between 3.8×106and 6.0×106cells/L for WBC and PMN. Linearity was acceptable and carryover negligible.ConclusionsPF has a specific cellular composition. Overall, automated cell counting can only be suggested for total number of cells, whereas OM seems still the most reliable option for cell differentiation.
Too sick to work, too healthy to qualify: a cross-country analysis of the effect of changes to disability benefits
Authors: Jensen Natasja Koitzsch , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Andersen Ingelise , Thielen Karsten , McAllister Ashley , Burström Bo , Barr Ben , Whitehead Margaret , Diderichsen Finn 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDenmark and Sweden have implemented reforms that narrowed disability benefit eligibility criteria. Such reforms in combination with increasing work demands create a pincer movement where in particular those with moderate health problems might be unable to comply with work demands, but still not qualify for permanent disability benefits, ending up with temporary means-tested or no benefits. This paper examines whether this actually happened before and after the reforms.MethodsThe Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study waves 1–2 and 4–6 in Denmark and Sweden for the age group 50–59 years (N=5384) was used to analyse changes in employment rates and benefits among people with different levels of health before, during and after disability benefit reforms. Interaction between time and health in relation to employment versus permanent or temporary benefits was used as a criterion for whether our hypotheses was confirmed.ResultsOverall, employment rates have increased in the age group, but only among the healthy. The OR for receiving temporary or no benefits increased from 1.25 (95% CI: 0.81 to 1.90) before to 1.73 (95% CI: 1.14 to 2.61) after policy reforms for the 29% with moderate health problems and from 2.89 (95% CI: 1.66 to 5.03) to 6.71 (95% CI: 3.94 to 11.42) among the 11% with severe health problems. The interaction between time and health was statistically significant (p<0.001).ConclusionPeople with impaired health and workability are forced into a life with temporary means-tested or no benefits when pressed by rising work demands and stricter disability benefit eligibility criteria.
Recommended medical and non-medical factors to assess military preventable deaths: subject matter experts provide valuable insights
Authors: Harrison Whitney Y , Wardian J L , Sosnov J A , Kotwal R S , Butler F K , Stockinger Z T , Shackelford S A , Gurney J M , Spott M A , Finelli L N , Mazuchowski E L , Smith D J , Janak J C 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionHistorically, there has been variability in the methods for determining preventable death within the US Department of Defense. Differences in methodologies partially explain variable preventable death rates ranging from 3% to 51%. The lack of standard review process likely misses opportunities for improvement in combat casualty care. This project identified recommended medical and non-medical factors necessary to (1) establish a comprehensive preventable death review process and (2) identify opportunities for improvement throughout the entire continuum of care.MethodsThis qualitative study used a modified rapid assessment process that includes the following steps: (1) identification and recruitment of US government subject matter experts (SMEs); (2) multiple cycles of data collection via key informant interviews and focus groups; (3) consolidation of information collected in these interviews; and (4) iterative analysis of data collected from interviews into common themes. Common themes identified from SME feedback were grouped into the following subject areas: (1) prehospital, (2) in-hospital and (3) forensic pathology.ResultsMedical recommendations for military preventable death reviews included the development, training, documentation, collection, analysis and reporting of the implementation of the Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines, Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guidelines and National Association of Medical Examiners autopsy standards. Non-medical recommendations included training, improved documentation, data collection and analysis of non-medical factors needed to understand how these factors impact optimal medical care.ConclusionsIn the operational environment, medical care must be considered in the context of non-medical factors. For a comprehensive preventable death review process to be sustainable in the military health system, the process must be based on an appropriate conceptual framework implemented consistently across all military services.
The Effect of Delay to Surgery on Major Complications after Primary Flexor Tendon Repair
Authors: Reito Aleksi , Manninen Mari , Karjalainen Teemu 
Published: April 2019

Background: Flexor tendon repair carries a significant risk for complications, which often leads to revision surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different factors on the risk for major complications patients undergoing a primary end-to-end flexor tendon repair and early passive mobilization regimen (Kleinert protocol). Methods: Between January 2000 and September 2009, a total of 312 patients underwent a flexor tendon repair at out institution. We excluded patients whose injury was self-inflicted or secondary to a rheumatic disease or a fall leaving 187 patients with 325 injured tendons for the study. Results: 152 (81.7%) patients were male and 34 (18.3%) females. Mean age of the patients was 32.7 years (SD 14.4, range 11 to 73). The fifth ray was most commonly affected. The majority of the injuries were located in zone II. Median delay to surgery was 3 days. Complications were observed in 34 patients (18.2%). Univariable analysis showed that patient age, mechanism of injury, injured ray, delay to surgery between three and seven days, and greater suture thickness were associated with increased risk of complications. In the subsequent multivariable analysis, only the mechanism of injury and delay to surgery remained as significant risk factors for major complications. Conclusions: We conclude that complications after flexor tendon repair may be reduced by appropriate timing of the surgery. Delay to surgery lasting between three and seven days seems to be associated with increased risk for major complications.
Editorial
Authors: Lencioni Sandra 
Published: April 2019

Este número da Geousp – Espaço e Tempo registra ideias que tiveram lugar no Seminário 40 Anos de Geografia Crítica: sua atualidade na Geografia Humana da FFLCH-USP, promovido pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Humana, do Departamento de Geografia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, no dia 15 de outubro de 2018. O objetivo desse Seminário foi discutir e problematizar o legado e a potência do movimento da Geografia Crítica no referido Departamento, bem como sua importância no desvendamento do mundo moderno e a atualidade científica de seu pensamento crítico.
Taxonomy of Neotropical Trichomyia (Septemtrichomyia) Bravo (Diptera, Psychodidae, Trichomyiinae) with descriptions of five new species
Authors: ARAÚJO MAÍRA XAVIER , BRAVO FREDDY 
Published: April 2019

Subgenus Septemtrichomyia Bravo of genus Trichomyia Haliday in Curtis was originally proposed to include four Neotropical species: T. botosaneanui Wagner, T. bou Bravo, T. cauga Bravo and T. mishi Bravo. Five new species are described for this subgenus: Trichomyia atlantica sp. nov., T. imarui sp. nov., T. jezeki sp. nov., T. amazonensis sp. nov. and T. sertaneja sp. nov.; five previously described species are included in Septemtrichomyia: T. dolichakis Quate, T. dolichopogon Alexander, Freitas & Quate, T. dolichothrix Quate, T. pedrabranquensis Bravo and T. sattelmairi Wagner & Masteller. A key to males of the 14 Neotropical species of Septemtrichomyia is presented.
Assimilation of Remotely Sensed Leaf Area Index into the Noah-MP Land Surface Model: Impacts on Water and Carbon Fluxes and States over the Continental United States
Authors: Kumar Sujay V. , M. Mocko David , Wang Shugong , Peters-Lidard Christa D. , Borak Jordan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Accurate representation of vegetation states is required for the modeling of terrestrial water–energy–carbon exchanges and the characterization of the impacts of natural and anthropogenic vegetation changes on the land surface. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of assimilating remote sensing–based leaf area index (LAI) retrievals over the continental United States in the Noah-MP land surface model, during a time period of 2000–17. The results demonstrate that the assimilation has a beneficial impact on the simulation of key water budget terms, such as soil moisture, evapotranspiration, snow depth, terrestrial water storage, and streamflow, when compared with a large suite of reference datasets. In addition, the assimilation of LAI is also found to improve the carbon fluxes of gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Most prominent improvements in the water and carbon variables are observed over the agricultural areas of the United States, where assimilation improves the representation of vegetation seasonality impacted by cropping schedules. The systematic, added improvements from assimilation in a configuration that employs high-quality boundary conditions highlight the significant utility of LAI data assimilation in capturing the impacts of vegetation changes.
Chasing Documents at the Ottoman Archive: An Imperial Circumcision Festival Under Scrutiny
Authors: Erdoğan Işkorkutan Sinem 
Published: April 2019

In 1720, the Ottoman court staged a grand public circumcision in Istanbul, with festivities lasting for three weeks. Although this imperial festival, celebrated in two separate sites, has been attracting the interest of Ottoman scholars for five decades, previous researchers have only accessed the event through narrative and pictorial sources, which provide information solely on the morphology of the festival and some of its rites. Recently, however, comprehensive research in the Ottoman archives has unearthed the most extensive archival source concerning an Ottoman festival that historians have ever discovered. Composed of thousands of documents of different types, the registers and individual records studied by the present author strikingly illuminate the social, material and financial aspects of the festival. In addition, they illustrate the organisational plan and the day-to-day coordination by which the Ottoman bureaucracy retained control of this event. While the discovery presented here demonstrates the great potential of archival research for the study of Ottoman festivals, at the same time it will be useful to scholars working on other sub-fields of Ottoman studies—to say nothing of historians working on celebrations in other cultural contexts. This article discusses the type, content and format of the documents recording the 1720 festival, while also elucidating their discovery process at the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives in Istanbul.
A Rare Cause of Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion in a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Banda Himanshu K. , Dang Sabin , Grand M. Gilbert 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: We describe a branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) in a pregnant woman and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a dye-free alternative to assess retinal vasculature in this population. Methods: Serum lipids, blood sugar, carotid duplex, and transthoracic echocardiogram were collected. Fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, autofluorescence, and OCTA were used as imaging modalities. OCTA demonstrated a flow defect along a cilioretinal artery branch. Results: An atrial septal aneurysm was identified on transthoracic echocardiography. The patient was placed on anticoagulation for the duration of her pregnancy. Transesophageal echocardiogram postpartum revealed an atrial septal defect. Conclusions: Association of BRAO and atrial septal aneurysm with patent foramen ovale have not been described in pregnancy. Furthermore, OCTA has not been used in pregnancy to demonstrate retinal artery occlusion. OCTA can safely characterize retinal vasculature in pregnancy without the use of intravenous dye.
Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed stable DNA methylation status during decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Maekawa Ryo , Tamura Isao , Shinagawa Masahiro , Mihara Yumiko , Sato Shun , Okada Maki , Taketani Toshiaki , Tamura Hiroshi , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
During decidualization in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), expressions of a number of genes and epigenetic modifications of histones are altered. However, there is little information about whether DNA methylation, which is another epigenetic mechanism, also changes during decidualization. Here, we examined the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in ESCs during decidualization and their associations with the changes of gene expressions and histone modifications.

Results
ESCs were incubated with estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days to induce decidualization. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were compared between the non-decidualized ESCs and the decidualized ESCs. Of 482,005 CpGs, only 23 CpGs (0.0048%) showed different DNA methylation statuses. The DNA methylation statuses of the differentially expressed genes and the regions with different histone modifications (H3K4 tri-methylation and H3K27 acetylation) were also compared between the ESCs. In the upregulated and downregulated genes in decidualized ESCs, DNA methylation statuses around the promoter region of the genes did not significantly differ between the ESCs. In the regions with different histone modification, DNA methylation statuses did not differ between the ESCs. The differentially expressed genes and the differential histone modification regions were hypomethylated.

Conclusions
Culturing ESCs with estrogen/progesterone did not distort the physiological pattern of DNA methylation, although mRNA expression and histone modifications were dynamically altered. A genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed stable DNA methylation statuses during decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells. DNA hypomethylation is maintained for the variable changes of histone modifications and gene expression during decidualization.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hsa_circ_0005379 regulates malignant behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma through the EGFR pathway
Authors: Su Wen , Wang Yufan , Wang Feng , Sun Shuai , Li Minghua , Shen Yuehong , Yang Hongyu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an oral and maxillofacial malignancy with a high incidence worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in modulating tumor development. However, the mechanism of circRNA action in human OSCC remains largely unknown.

Methods
By using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology, we conducted a comprehensive study of circRNAs in human OSCC. The effect of circRNA hsa_circ_0005379 on OSCC tissues and cell lines was monitored by qRT-PCR, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. Xenograft mouse models were used to assess tumor growth and animal survival.

Results
We found that circRNA hsa_circ_0005379 expression is significantly lower in OSCC tissue compared to paired non-cancerous matched tissue and is associated with tumor size and differentiation. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0005379 effectively inhibits migration, invasion, and proliferation of OSCC cells in vitro and suppresses OSCC growth in nude mice in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that hsa_circ_0005379 may be involved in the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Furthermore, we found that high expression of hsa_circ_0005379 could significantly enhance the sensitivity of OSCC to the cetuximab drug.

Conclusions
Our findings provide evidence that hsa_circ_0005379 regulates OSCC malignancy and may be a new therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.