bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Volatile Compounds in Raw and Roasted Georgia Pecans by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS
Authors: Gong Yi , Kerrihard Adrian L. , Pegg Ronald B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVolatile compounds are responsible for the characteristic aroma of raw and roasted pecans. Yet, much is unknown about the specific effects of roasting on pecan volatiles. In this study, the volatiles of raw “Desirable” pecans from Georgia and 3 roasted pecan samples (175 °C for 5, 10, and 15 min) were determined by HS‐SPME coupled to GC‐MS using stable deuterium‐labeled volatiles as internal standards for quantitation. As expected, roasting markedly impacted the volatile profile of pecans: a total of 63 flavor‐active compounds were identified in roasted samples, including 9 compounds not detected in raw “Desirable” pecans. Pyrazines, notable indicators of the Maillard reaction, were found only in roasted samples and demonstrated continual increases throughout observed roasting times. Furthermore, it was noted that hydrocarbon derivatives showed substantial increases with roasting, likely a result of the degradation of nonvolatile lipids. The observed changes correspond well to prior sensory investigations concerning the impact of roasting on pecan flavor, and explain increases in intensity for roasted, nutty, buttery, and sweet sensory traits.Practical ApplicationThe results of this study document the volatile constituents generated during the roasting of pecans, and this may help formulators, who are trying to develop natural and artificial pecan flavors in new food products.
Disability and health‐related quality of life in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhou Yunshan , Wang Xiuru , An Yuan , Zhang Xiaoying , Han Shuling , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Lizhi , Wang Caihong , Wang Yongfu , Yang Rong , Wang Guochun , Lu Xin , Zhu Ping , Chen Lina , Liu Jinting , Jin Hongtao , Liu Xiangyuan , Sun Lin , Wei Ping , Wang Junxiang , Chen Haiying , Cui Liufu , Shu Rong , Zhang Zhuoli , Li Guangtao , Li Zhenbin , Yang Jing , Li Junfang , Jia Bin , Zhang Fengxiao , Tao Jiemei , Lin Jinying , Wei Qiumei , Liu Xiaomin , Ke Dan , Hu Shaoxian , Ye Cong , Yang Xiuyan , Li Hao , Huang Cibo , Gao Ming , Li Xingfu , Song Lijun , Wang Yi , Wang Xiaoyuan , Mu Rong , Su Yin , Li Zhanguo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on physical function and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in China.MethodA cross‐section survey was conducted in 21 general hospitals in China. Eight hundred and seven patients were recruited. Data on demographics, clinical data, physical function (Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, HAQ‐DI) and HRQoL (Study Short Form 36 Health Survey, SF‐36) were collected on site.ResultsIn our cohort, physical function was impaired in 77.6% of patients (HAQ‐DI >0). The median (interquartile range, IQR) of HAQ‐DI was 0.750 (0.125, 1.500). Rated by HAQ‐DI 0‐1, >1‐2, and >2‐3, percentage of patients with mild, moderate and severe disability was 61.0%, 25.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. Older age, long disease duration, presence of extra‐articular manifestations, tender joint count (TJC), overall status (assessed by patient Global Visual Analogue Scale [G‐VAS] and physician G‐VAS) and lacking disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs were identified as predictive factors for worse physical function (P < .05). The composite scores of SF‐36 in the observed patients were: physical component summary 40.4 (IQR 27.4, 60.3), and mental component summary 49.0 (IQR 33.6, 70.9). Impaired physical health may be predicted by low income, presence of extra‐articular manifestations, TJC, patient G‐VAS and high HAQ‐DI. Predictors for suboptimal mental health were low income, physical labor, married status, increased swollen joint count (SJC), physician G‐VAS and high HAQ‐DI.ConclusionRheumatoid arthritis has profound effects on physical function and HRQoL in Chinese patients. Patients with identified predictive factors for poor outcome should be closely monitored.
Back to the basics: Understanding joint swelling and tenderness at the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis through the use of ultrasonography
Authors: Tan York Kiat , Moorakonda Rajesh Babu , Allen John Carson , Chew Li‐Ching , Thumboo Julian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo compare ultrasound‐detected inflammation with clinical manifestations at the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodWrists assessed serially by assessors blinded to ultrasound findings were categorized into 4 groups: 1 = S0T0 (not swollen; not tender); 2 = S0T1 (not swollen; tender); 3 = S1T0 (swollen; not tender); 4 = S1T1 (swollen; tender). Ultrasound synovitis and tenosynovitis were graded semi‐quantitatively (0‐3) and dichotomously (0 or 1), respectively. The (a) power Doppler (PD), gray‐scale (GS) and combined (PD + GS) ultrasound (CUS) scores and (b) their positivity (score > 0) were analyzed using a general linear repeated measures mixed model (a) assuming Gaussian errors and (b) with binary distribution and logit link, respectively. Pairwise comparisons among wrist groups were performed within context of the models.ResultsIn 122 wrist assessments (baseline = 64; 3 months = 58) from 32 treated RA patients (87.5% female; mean disease duration 42.8 months), significant differences among groups for (a) scores were: 4 vs 1 (PD, P = 0.0031; GS, P = 0.0159; CUS, P = 0.0045), 4 vs 2 (PD, P = 0.0176; GS, P = 0.0160; CUS, P = 0.0074), and 4 vs 3 (CUS, P = 0.0374); and (b) positivity were: 4 vs 1 (PD, P = 0.0007), 4 vs 2 (PD, P = 0.0234), and 3 vs 1 (PD, P = 0.0202). No significant differences in results were found for groups 2 vs 1. No significant effects were attributable to differences in wrist side or follow‐up visit.ConclusionUltrasound detected substantial inflammation when wrist joint swelling and tenderness are both present. Joint swelling without tenderness is associated with significantly more frequent PD detection. Without swelling, joint tenderness is not associated with a significantly greater degree of ultrasound‐detected inflammation.
Using propensity scores for causal inference in ecology: Options, considerations, and a case study
Authors: Ramsey David S. L. , Forsyth David. M. , Wright Elaine , McKay Meredith , Westbrooke Ian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Applied ecologists are often interested in understanding the effects of management on ecological systems. If management (treatment) is applied nonrandomly, as in observational studies, then analysis must account for the potential confounding caused by variables that could have influenced both treatment assignment and the outcome of interest. Methods that do not adjust for all confounding variables can only estimate associations between treatment and outcome, not treatment effects.

Data collected in observational studies are usually analysed with linear or generalized linear models, which can estimate treatment effects by adjusting for confounding variables. However, if there is little overlap in the distributions of confounding variables among the treatment groups then conventional regression extrapolates to areas of the covariate space where at least one of the treatment groups was unlikely to be observed.

An alternative procedure for assessing treatment effects is to use the propensity score, which is the probability of treatment assignment given potential confounding variables. The propensity score can be used to reduce systematic differences in confounding variables among the treatment groups, ensuring that data more closely resemble that expected under a randomized experiment. The propensity score also identifies situations where treatment inferences must rely on strong assumptions.

We used Monte Carlo simulation to examine the properties of commonly used propensity score methods for estimating treatment effects in the presence of nonrandom allocation of treatments. We then illustrated their application in a case study estimating the effects of invasive herbivore management on tree condition.

Our results indicate that propensity score methods can be robust to model misspecification, allowing the estimation of average causal effects and resulting in more reliable inferences. We discuss key considerations for using propensity score methods for analysing ecological data.
Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Show a Preference for the Consumption of Ethanol
Authors: Mustard Julie A. , Oquita Ramiro , Garza Paulina , Stoker Alexander 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAlcohol abuse and alcoholism are significant global issues. Honey bees are excellent models for learning and other complex behaviors; furthermore, they share many behavioral responses to ethanol (EtOH) with humans and animal models. We develop a 2‐feeder choice assay to determine whether honey bees will self‐administer and preferentially consume solutions containing EtOH.MethodsGustatory responsiveness to EtOH is determined using the proboscis extension reflex and consumption assays. A 2‐feeder choice assay is used to examine preference for the consumption of EtOH. Survival assays assess the metabolic and toxic effects of EtOH consumption.ResultsHoney bees find the taste of EtOH to be aversive when in water, but addition of sucrose masks the aversive taste. Even though the taste of EtOH is not appetitive, honey bees preferentially consume sucrose solutions containing 1.25 to 2.5% EtOH in a dose‐dependent manner. Based on survival assays, honey bees may not be able to derive caloric value from EtOH, and EtOH concentrations of 2.5% or higher lead to significant increases in mortality.ConclusionsHoney bees will self‐administer EtOH and show a preference for consuming solutions containing EtOH. Bees may not be able to efficiently utilize EtOH as an energy source, but EtOH‐dependent increases in mortality complicate separating the effects of caloric value and toxicity.
Surgical or endoscopic management of malignant colon polyps
Authors: Samuolis Nikas , Samalavicius Narimantas E. , Dulskas Audrius , Markelis Rytis , Lunevicius Raimundas , Mickys Ugnius , Ringeleviciute Ugne 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTo evaluate indications for colectomy in T1 polyps and possible risk factors for lymph node metastasis.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2017, 40 patients underwent colectomy after endoscopic removal of malignant polyps with T1 carcinoma. Resection was done based on at least one of the unfavourable histopathological criteria. We collected and prospectively studied histopathologic features, short‐term results and the benefit–risk balance. Complications were assessed by Clavien–Dindo classification.ResultsTwenty‐five patients (62.5%) underwent laparoscopic bowel resection. Twenty‐nine patients (63.0%) had more than two unfavourable criteria in the polyp that justified colorectal resection. Thirty‐five patients (76%) had G2 (moderately differentiated) cancer, 11 (24%) had G1 (well‐differentiated). Five patients (12.5%) had lymph node metastases and one (2.5%) had residual adenocarcinoma. All five patients with lymph node metastasis had G2 cancer. Nine patients (22.5%) had residual adenoma. Overall complications were identified in six (15.0%) patients. Oncologic benefit (or risk factors for lymph node metastasis) was significantly associated with polyp size ≥18 mm (P = 0.006), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.05) and budding (P = 0.02).ConclusionsFemale gender, lymphovascular invasion, desmoplastic reaction, criteria for surgery ≥2 and polyp size ≥18 mm were all in complex significant risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer. Acting as a single factor, these variables had no effect to increased risk of metastasis.
Analysis of social media use among Australian and New Zealand otolaryngologists
Authors: Baird Samantha M. , Marsh Philip A. , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Smart Philip , Chow Zenia 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundSocial media's rapid worldwide growth has permeated surgical practice. To date, no study has evaluated social media use amongst Australian and New Zealand otolaryngologists.MethodsCross‐sectional study of all members of the Australian and New Zealand Societies of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery with comprehensive searches of websites and social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, ResearchGate and Instagram) was performed.ResultsA total of 498 otolaryngologists were identified with 81.7% working in Australia; 79.1% had some form of online presence – either professional website or activity on ≥1 social media platform and 53.0% of otolaryngologists had a professional website and mean number of social media profiles averaged 1.35 per surgeon. LinkedIn was the most widely used social media platform (51.6%). 38.8% of otolaryngologists had Facebook accounts with 11.9% of those ‘public’ accounts used for business purposes. Otolaryngologists with a research and authorship interest had the highest mean number of social media accounts (1.78) and were more likely to be associated with ResearchGate, LinkedIn and website ownership. Facial plastic surgeons averaged the second highest mean number of social media accounts per surgeon (1.71) and were most active on Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. There was a linear decline in the mean number of social media accounts per surgeon and rate of professional website ownership with increasing years in practice.ConclusionSocial media uptake amongst otolaryngologists appears consistent with colleagues in other surgical specialties. Otolaryngologists with fewer years in practice and specialty interests in facial plastic surgery and authorship and research are significantly more active on social media.
A national surveillance approach to monitor incidence of eclampsia: The Netherlands Obstetric Surveillance System
Authors: Schaap Timme P. , van den Akker Thomas , Zwart Joost J. , van Roosmalen Jos , Bloemenkamp Kitty W. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere have been many efforts in the last decade to decrease the incidence of eclampsia and its related complications in the Netherlands, such as lowering thresholds for treatment of hypertension and mandatory professional training. To determine the impact of these policy changes on incidence and outcomes, we performed a nationwide registration of eclampsia, 10 years after the previous registration.Material and methodsCases of eclampsia were prospectively collected using the Netherlands Obstetric Surveillance System (NethOSS; 2013‐2016) in all hospitals with a maternity unit in the Netherlands. Complete case file copies were obtained for comparative analysis of individual level data with the previous cohort (2004‐2006). Primary outcome measure was incidence of eclampsia; main secondary outcomes were antihypertensive and magnesium sulfate use, and maternal and perinatal mortality.ResultsNethOSS identified 88 women with eclampsia. The incidence decreased from 6.2/10 000 in 2004‐2006 to 1.8/10 000 births (relative risk [RR] 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22‐0.36). Increases in the use of antihypertensive medication (61/82 vs 35/216; RR 18.4, 95% CI 9.74‐34.70) and magnesium sulfate treatment (82/82 vs 201/216; RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04‐1.12) were observed. There was one intrauterine death following termination of pregnancy. No cases of neonatal mortality were reported in NethOSS compared with 11 in the LEMMoN. Maternal death occurred in one woman compared vs three in the previous registration.ConclusionsThere has been a strong reduction of eclampsia and associated perinatal mortality in the Netherlands over the last decade. Management changes and increased awareness may have contributed to this reduction.
Semi‐automated kinetic perimetry: Comparison of the Octopus 900 and Humphrey visual field analyzer 3 versus Goldmann perimetry
Authors: Bevers Claudia , Blanckaert Gauthier , Van Keer Karel , Fils Jean‐François , Vandewalle Evelien , Stalmans Ingeborg 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical usefulness and reproducibility of (semi‐)automated kinetic perimetry of the Octopus 900 and Humphrey field analyzer 3 (HFA3) compared to Goldmann perimetry as reference technique.MethodsA prospective interventional study of two study groups, divided into three subgroups. The first study group consisted of 28 patients, performing one visual field examination on each of the three devices. A second group of 30 patients performed four examinations, one on Goldmann and three on Octopus 900 with the following testing strategies: (1) with reaction time (RT) vector, no headphone; (2) without RT vector, no headphone; and (3) without RT vector, with headphone. Comparisons for V4e and I4e stimuli were made of the mean isopter radius (MIR) and of the distances of the isopter to the central visual axis in four directions. Statistical analysis was made with the R software version 3.2.2.ResultsFor V4e stimuli, the mean isopter radius showed no statistic significant difference comparing Goldmann to HFA3 [p‐value = 0.144; confidence interval (CI) −0.152 to 0.019] and comparing Goldmann to Octopus 900 without RT vector, either with (p‐value = 0.347; CI −0.023 to 0.081) or without headphone (p‐value = 0.130; CI −0.011 to 0.095). Octopus 900 with RT vector produced a significantly larger MIR for V4e stimuli in comparison to Goldmann (p‐value < 0.001). I4e stimuli produced statistically significantly larger visual field areas when comparing HFA3 and Octopus 900 to Goldmann perimetry.ConclusionHumphrey field analyzer 3 and Octopus 900 without RT vector are promising successors of Goldmann perimetry.
Board Turnover and Reorganisation Outcomes: Evidence from Voluntary Administration
Authors: Chapple Larelle , Routledge James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between board turnover and the likelihood that a company that enters voluntary administration will conclude a deed of company arrangement with its creditors, which provides stakeholders with a better outcome than would be achieved by liquidation. We examine director turnover generally, as well as turnover of specific board personnel including the CEO or managing director and the board chairperson. A significant positive relation is found between a deed outcome and the percentage of director turnover and turnover of a CEO or managing director. We interact board turnover variables and company size and find that the turnover benefit is reduced as company size increases and the complexity of the administration becomes greater. The results inform a controversial and largely unanswered question as to whether board turnover leads to better outcomes for insolvent companies. Moreover, the results have implications for the Australian voluntary administration legislation because they suggest that there are difficulties applying it to large and complex corporate insolvencies.
Prospective assessment of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipoprotein in living kidney donors: toward understanding differences between chronic kidney diseases of surgical and medical origin
Authors: Yoon Young Eun , Lee Hyung Ho , Na Joon Chae , Han Woong Kyu 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical implications of postoperative urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipoprotein (NGAL) changes and the association between urinary NGAL (uNGAL) and renal function in living kidney donors.Subjects, Patients and MethodsWe included 76 healthy adults who underwent donor nephrectomy between December 2013 and November 2014. Perioperative serum creatinine (sCr), uNGAL, serum NGAL (sNGAL), and urinary microalbumin were prospectively measured until 6 months postoperatively. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to medical disorders who visited our outpatient clinic during the same period were included for comparison.ResultsThe mean (SD) preoperative uNGAL of donors was 5 (5.17) ng/mL. uNGAL (corrected for urinary creatinine) was maximal at 1–2 days postoperatively, decreased on postoperative day 3, and stabilised by 7 days after surgery. Postoperative uNGAL was not associated with sex, age, or preoperative renal function. When corrected for sNGAL to compensate for the systemic increase in NGAL with major surgery, uNGAL on days 1–3 postoperatively was negatively correlated with sCr. Postoperatively, donor uNGAL remained higher than preoperatively for up to 6 months but was significantly lower than in patients with medical CKD with similar glomerular filtration rates.ConclusionAcute kidney injury due to hyperfiltration of remnant kidney after donor nephrectomy was maximal within 1–2 days postoperatively. The rise in uNGAL during this period in donors was negatively correlated with postoperative sCr levels. Decreased renal function after nephrectomy differs from that of medical CKD.
Label‐free molecular probe based on G‐quadruplex and strand displacement for sensitive and selective detection and naked eye discrimination of exon 2 deletion of AIMP2
Authors: Zang Ruimin , Wang Xin , Zhu Yanyan , Yao Tianming , Shi Shuo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExon 2 deletion of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex‐interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2) is a genetic deletion related to various cancers, for instance ovarian and lung cancers. It can be worked as an indicator of cancer for diagnosis of diseases. Here, we developed a label‐free method based on the formation of split G‐quadruplex in the presence of target DNA combined with strand displacement to detect exon 2 deletion of AIMP2 (DE2) sensitively and selectively. This method is easy‐operating and cost‐saving. Moreover, it has observed discrimination of gene deletion from wild‐types by naked eyes. The results demonstrate that this strategy can be further used for the detection of different gene deletions to achieve early diagnosis of diseases and allow better prognosis.
Autism‐Related Variation in Reciprocal Social Behavior: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wagner Rachael E. , Zhang Yi , Gray Teddi , Abbacchi Anna , Cormier Deporres , Todorov Alexandre , Constantino John N. 
Published: October 2018

Deficits in reciprocal social behavior are a characterizing feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autism‐related variation in reciprocal social behavior (AVR) in the general population is continuously distributed and highly heritable—a function of additive genetic influences that overlap substantially with those which engender clinical autistic syndromes. This is the first long‐term prospective study of the stability of AVR from childhood through early adulthood, conducted via serial ratings using the Social Responsiveness Scale, in a cohort‐sequential study involving children with ASD, other psychiatric conditions, and their siblings (N = 602, ages = 2.5–29). AVR exhibits marked stability throughout childhood in individuals with and without ASD.