bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Do We Require Registered Nurses in Nursing Homes? Using Longitudinal Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Authors: Shin Juh Hyun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine the relationship between nurse staffing and quality of care of nursing home residents, longitudinally.BackgroundMixed results abound on the relationship between nurse staffing and quality of care of residents in nursing homes. Cross‐sectional designs may underpin bias because the relationship between staffing and quality emerges over time, with latent unobserved variables. To offset this limitation, I used a longitudinal design in this study.DesignI used repeated quarterly survey methods.MethodsI measured staffing information with a formula developed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Outcome variables were 15 quality indicators and the Korean National Health Insurance Service 2015 nursing home evaluation manual.Results and FindingsAs registered nurse hours per resident day increased by 1, the percentage of residents with depression decreased by 3.88%, and the prevalence of residents with nasogastric tubes increased by 1.17% in 3 months. Prevalence of residents with bed rest decreased by 5.72%, and residents with restraints decreased by 1.092%. More registered nurses and fewer certified nursing assistants or qualified care workers yielded a statistically significant negative influence on aggressive behavior, depression, weight loss, and bed rest. The higher turnover of total nursing staff related to more use of antidepressants.ConclusionsResults supported registered nurses’ exclusive impact on resident outcomes. More longitudinal research is required to confirm the influence of nurses on nursing home residents’ outcomes.Clinical Relevance: This study supported about the contributions of increased input of Registered Nurses, additional to previous longitudinal studies. The nursing homes in Korea should have mandatory Registered Nurse placement for optimal quality of care.Clinical RelevanceThis study supported about the contributions of increased input of Registered Nurses, additional to previous longitudinal studies. The nursing homes in Korea should have mandatory Registered Nurse placement for optimal quality of care.
Registered Nurse Perception of Patient Assignment Linking to Working Conditions and Outcomes
Authors: Choi JiSun , Miller Peggy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo examine nurse working conditions and outcomes (job satisfaction, intent to stay, and RN‐rated quality of care) among registered nurses (RNs) with different perceptions of patient assignments.Design and MethodsA descriptive study was conducted using data from 106,439 RNs in 751 acute care hospitals that participated in the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® (NDNQI®) RN Survey. To compare the nurse working conditions and three outcomes by the two RN groups on perceptions of patient assignment, chi‐square and t tests were performed with Stata version 14.FindingsAll comparisons of nurse working conditions and outcomes examined in this study were significantly different between the two RN groups on perceptions of patient assignment. RNs who rated their patient assignments to be appropriate were significantly more likely to report positive working conditions (e.g., fewer assigned patients and appropriate meal break) than those who rated their patient assignments to be inappropriate. RNs who rated their patient assignments as appropriate also reported higher job satisfaction, intent to stay in current positions, and quality of care compared with their counterparts of patient assignment perception.ConclusionsPositive perceptions of patient assignments among RNs were significantly related to better nurse working conditions as well as positive outcomes.Clinical RelevanceTo create nursing work environments that significantly affect nurse and patient outcomes, nursing administrators or managers should pay attention to ensure not only adequate nurse staffing levels, but also optimal nurse‐to‐patient assignments.
Segmental innervation of the Göttingen minipig hind body. An electrophysiological study
Authors: Meier Kaare , Qerama Erisela , Ettrup Kåre Schmidt , Glud Andreas Nørgaard , Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen , Sørensen Jens Christian Hedemann 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Göttingen minipig is being used increasingly in biomedical research. The anatomical structure of the porcine peripheral nervous system has been extensively characterized, but no equivalent to the dermatome map, which is so valuable in human neurophysiological research, has been created. We characterized the medullar segmental skin and muscle innervations of the minipig hind body, using neurophysiological methodology. Six adult minipigs underwent unilateral laminectomy from L2 to S3, exposing the nerve roots. The skin of the hind part of the body was divided into 36 predefined fields, based on anatomical landmarks for consistent reproducibility. We recorded the evoked potential in each exposed nerve root L2‐S3 for cutaneous stimulation of each skin field, mapping the sensory innervation of the entire hind body. We subsequently recorded the motor response in seven predefined muscles during sequential stimulation of the L2‐S3 nerve roots. We obtained a clear sensory evoked potential in the nerve roots during stimulation of the skin fields, allowing us to map the sensory innervation of the minipig hind body. Neurophysiological data from skin stimulation and muscle recordings enabled us to map the sensory innervation of the Göttingen minipig hind body and provide information about muscular innervation. The skin fields were sensory innervated by more than one root. The muscles each had one dominant root with minor contribution from neighboring roots. This is consistent with experimental data from human studies.
Assessment of the moisturizing properties of a magnetic mask containing iron oxide particles
Authors: Montoya Paula , Henao Kelly , Pérez Gianina , Salazar Carlos A. , Calderón Jorge 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundMoisturizer is an important component of many cosmetic products. It helps to maintain the skin's integrity and its barrier functions. Recently, magnetic masks that seek to improve the properties of the skin have been developed and have become a new cosmetic trend. However, scientific proof of their stated properties is lacking.AimsTo test whether iron oxide contained in a face mask with magnetic properties in an oily matrix with a freeze‐dried aloe‐vera base increases moisturization of the skin and improves skin barrier function.MethodsFormulations were prepared containing an oil phase (67.3% wt.) and a solid phase (32.7% wt.). The moisturizing properties of the mask were tested by measuring in vivo electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, contact angle, and visual appearance. Meanwhile, human panel tests were performed to evaluate the sensory perception of potential users.ResultsThe moisturizing effect of the iron oxide mask is clearly superior to that of the other tested samples. Water retention and low transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were evidenced for the iron oxide magnetic mask. Its occlusive action on the skin resulted in larger water contact angles and enhances the barrier effect. A favorable sensory perception on the part of the users was obtained for the iron oxide magnetic mask.ConclusionThe presence of iron oxide and the magnetic property of the mask enhance occlusive behavior, diminishing the TEWL. Sensory analysis of the iron oxide magnetic mask performed by human panel tests shows that they possess characteristics including neutral odor, and easy, pleasant‐feeling application.
A successful case of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hysterectomy during pregnancy for advanced uterine cervical cancer accompanied by neonatal erythroderma
Authors: Kayahashi Kayo , Mizumoto Yasunari , Myojo Subaru , Mitani Yusuke , Tajima Atsushi , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent reports showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been successfully applied to treat advanced uterine cervical cancers during pregnancy. However, its side effects on the fetus remain unclear. Here, we report a 33‐year‐old primipara who underwent four courses of NAC therapy, paclitaxel and cisplatin, from 17 to 27 weeks of gestation due to uterine cervical cancer stage IB2. At 31 weeks of gestation, cesarean section and radical hysterectomy were performed, and a female baby weighing 1446 g was born. Although pre‐ and postnatal courses were uneventful, neonatal erythroderma over the entire body was observed just after delivery. The pathological diagnosis was ichthyosiform erythroderma, which was later demonstrated to be keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness syndrome, by exome sequencing analysis. Although her skin disorder was consistent with keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness syndrome, the skin condition gradually improved after delivery. These findings suggest that NAC therapy during pregnancy might cause or exacerbate systemic skin lesions in the fetus/neonate.
Effect of Aging and Weathering on the Physical Properties of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rahman Ahmed Mushfiqur , Jamayet Nafij Bin , Nizami Md Minhaz Ul Islam , Johari Yanti , Husein Adam , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review aims to identify and interpret results of studies that evaluated the changes in the physical properties of maxillofacial prosthetic materials (1) without aging, (2) after natural or artificial accelerated aging, and (3) after outdoor weathering.MethodsRelevant articles written in English only, before January 15, 2017, were identified using an electronic search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Furthermore, a manual search of the related major journals was also conducted to identify more pertinent articles. The relevancy of the articles was verified by screening the title, abstract, and full text if they met the inclusion criteria. A total of 37 articles satisfied the criteria, from which data were extracted for qualitative synthesis.ResultsAmong the 37 included articles, 14 were without aging, 15 were natural or artificial accelerated aging, 7 were outdoor weathering, and 1 contained both artificial aging and outdoor weathering. Only 4 studies out of the 14 without aging had significant observations; whereas 9 articles with natural or artificial aging published significant results, and 3 out of 7 outdoor weathering articles showed significant changes in the evaluated silicone elastomers.ConclusionsDespite the varying research, it seems that the single “ideal” maxillofacial prosthetic material that can provide sufficient resistance against different aging conditions is yet to be identified. Therefore, it is imperative for standardization organizations, the scientific community, and academia to develop modified prosthetic silicones possessing improved physical properties and color stability, limiting the clinical problems regarding degradation of maxillofacial prostheses.
Estimation of Insurance Deductible Demand Under Endogenous Premium Rates
Authors: Woodard Joshua D. , Yi Jing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGovernment‐subsidized insurance is ubiquitous, yet estimation of demand in such markets remains challenging. The premium charged for a given deductible is determined by actuarial construction; thus, observed choice‐pairs are endogenous leading to biased estimation under standard econometric approaches. A theoretical model and simulation study are developed, and a new identification strategy proposed. An empirical application using Federal Crop Insurance Program—a $100 billion/year program—data reveals that demand is quite elastic after accounting for this endogeneity. Mistreatment of such endogeneity is likely partly responsible for pervasive faulty findings of inelastic insurance demand in related applications. Policy implications are also discussed.
Temporal dominance of sensations, emotions, and temporal liking measured in a bar for two similar wines using a multi‐sip approach
Authors: Silva Ana P. , Voss Hans‐Peter , van Zyl Hannelize , Hogg Tim , de Graaf Cees , Pintado Manuela , Jager Gerry 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEating and drinking are dynamic processes where both sensations and emotions might evolve or change over time during multiple bites/sips. However, most previous studies have measured food‐evoked emotions statically, that is, at a fixed time point after consumption and using a single bite/sip approach. This study aimed to explore the sensitivity of temporal dominance of sensations (TDS), of emotions (TDE), and temporal liking (TL), using a multi‐sip approach, to differentiate between two comparable tasting wines. A glass of wine, in an appropriate consumption context, a bar, was served to 69 consumers, in two different sessions. It was shown that TDS and TDE captured small differences between equally liked wines. Wines were distinguishable during consumption, based on the dominance of basic sensations such as acid, bitter, and dry, rather than aromatic sensations and based on three emotions pleased, comforted, and relaxed. These emotions were dominant in both wines and in all stages of consumption but differed in the dominance rates. So, the impact of wine consumption on emotions was more uniform during consumption while new sensations became dominant during drinking.Practical implicationsThe method tested in this study showed a sensitivity level sufficient to capture subtle but significant differences between similar, equally liked wines. Wines tested have a major difference in wine‐making process, that is, one of the wines had a particular wood aging processing in new oak barrels conferring specific flavors and associated costs. For the wine industry, the method can be particularly useful to understand to which extent consumers perceive differences in sensations and emotions, in a blind tasting, to investigate if increased costs of production are acceptable and justified. For other food products, the method can be useful to use during product development stage, when the aim is to differentiate prototypes with subtle differences in ingredients composition and associated costs. Knowing when certain sensations and emotions occur during consumption might help to create successful products in the market. Further research using different food or beverages is however necessary to assure its validity.
Effects of lysolecithin and xylanase supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and lipogenic gene expression in broilers fed low‐energy wheat‐based diets
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed M. , Nourmohammadi Rouhollah , Nazarizadeh Hasan , Latshaw J. David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of emulsifier (Lipidol, active ingredient: lysophospholipids; LPL) and xylanase (200 mg/kg of feed) supplementation in a lower energy diet on performance, nutrient retention, intestinal morphology, blood metabolites and meat quality in broilers. A total of 360 1‐day‐old male chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to five treatments, with six replications of 12 birds each per treatment in a completely randomized design. The five treatments were as follows: (a) higher energy diet (HE); (b) lower energy diet (LE; energy content reduced by 100 kcal/kg compared with the HE); (c) LE + 0.10% LPL (EM); (d) LE + 200 mg xylanase/kg (ENZ); and (e) LE + 0.10% LPL + 200 mg xylanase/kg (EM + ENZ). Broilers fed HE had a higher average daily gain (ADG, day 0–24) and lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from day 11 to 24 and day 0 to 24 than those fed the LE diet. Broilers fed EM or ENZ diets also had lower FCR and ADFI (day 11–24 and day 0–24) than those fed reduced‐energy diets. The inclusion of 0.10% LPL and/or xylanase to the LE diet increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE), as well as villous height and ratio of villous height to crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum. Serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentration was lower in birds fed the HE diet, compared with those fed the LE diet. The low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were decreased by LPL supplementation. The relative weight of abdominal fat was higher in birds fed the HE diet, but lower from LPL supplementation. It was concluded that a reduced‐energy diet impaired bird performance, while dietary supplementation of LPL and xylanase to reduced‐energy diets positively affected productive performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology and abdominal fat percentage.
The effects of dietary supplementation with rumen‐protected amino acids on the expression of several genes involved in the immune system of dairy sheep
Authors: Tsiplakou Eleni , Mavrommatis Alexandros , Skliros Dimitrios , Sotirakoglou Kyriaki , Flemetakis Emmanouil , Zervas George 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAmino acids might be a tool to transform animals from a pro‐ to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype through the downregulation of several genes (TLR‐4, NF‐κB, TNFa, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, CCL‐5 and CXCL‐16) whose expression increases during inflammation. To examine this possibility, each of sixty Chios dairy sheep was assigned to one of the following five dietary treatments: A: basal diet (control group); B: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen‐protected methionine (MetaSmart™); C: basal diet +5.0 g/head rumen‐protected lysine (LysiGEM™); D: basal diet +6.0 g/head MetaSmart™ + 5.0 g/head LysiGEM™; and E: basal diet +12.0 g/head MetaSmart™ + 5.0 g/head LysiGEM. The results showed a significant downregulation in the expression of the TLR‐4 gene in both the macrophages and the neutrophils of ewes fed rumen‐protected amino acids. Significantly lower mRNA transcript accumulation was also observed for the TNFa, IL‐1β and CXCL‐16 genes in the macrophages and for the IL‐1β gene in the neutrophils of ewes supplemented with amino acids. The ewes that received dietary supplementation with rumen‐protected lysine alone (C) had significantly lower CCL‐5 transcript levels in their macrophages than the ewes fed the other supplemented diets. Diet D enhanced the mRNA expression of the IL‐2 gene in ewe neutrophils. Negative correlations were found between: a. TLR‐4, TNFa, IL‐1β and CXCL‐16 gene expression in macrophages and the milk fat and total solids content; b. CCL‐5 gene expression in neutrophils and the milk yield and FCM(6%); and c. CXCL‐16 gene expression and the milk protein content. Moreover, positive correlations were found between the BHBA concentration and the expression of the TLR‐4 and CXCL‐16 genes in macrophages. In conclusion, the rumen‐protected amino acids improved sheep metabolism (as indicated by reduced blood BHBA and urea concentrations), milk chemical composition and immune system function.
Baffinella frigidus gen. et sp. nov. (Baffinellaceae fam. nov., Cryptophyceae) from Baffin Bay: Morphology, pigment profile, phylogeny, and growth rate response to three abiotic factors
Authors: Daugbjerg Niels , Norlin Andreas , Lovejoy Connie 
Published: July 2018

Twenty years ago an Arctic cryptophyte was isolated from Baffin Bay and given strain number CCMP2045. Here, it was described using morphology, water‐ and non‐water soluble pigments and nuclear‐encoded SSU rDNA. The influence of temperature, salinity, and light intensity on growth rates was also examined. Microscopy revealed typical cryptophyte features but the chloroplast color was either green or red depending on the light intensity provided. Phycoerythrin (Cr‐PE 566) was only produced when cells were grown under low‐light conditions (5 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1). Non‐water‐soluble pigments included chlorophyll a, c2 and five major carotenoids. Cells measured 8.2 × 5.1 μm and a tail‐like appendage gave them a comma‐shape. The nucleus was located posteriorly and a horseshoe‐shaped chloroplast contained a single pyrenoid. Ejectosomes of two sizes and a nucleomorph anterior to the pyrenoid were discerned in TEM. SEM revealed a slightly elevated vestibular plate in the vestibulum. The inner periplast component consisted of slightly overlapping hexagonal plates arranged in 16–20 oblique rows. Antapical plates were smaller and their shape less profound. Temperature and salinity studies revealed CCMP2045 as stenothermal and euryhaline and growth was saturated between 5 and 20 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1. The phylogeny based on SSU rDNA showed that CCMP2045 formed a distinct clade with CCMP2293 and Falcomonas sp. isolated from Spain. Combining pheno‐ and genotypic data, the Arctic cryptophyte could not be placed in an existing family and genus and therefore Baffinellaceae fam. nov. and Baffinella frigidus gen. et sp. nov. were proposed.
Tissue distribution and elimination features of florfenicol in hybrid sturgeon cultured in cool water
Authors: Yang Yuanhao , Yang Juanning , Shang Derong , Li Fengling , Wang Lvzhou , Li Fenggang , Li Yi , Sun Yuhang , He Shuangheng , Wu Jinxing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn order to understand pharmacokinetics in vivo and tissue residues of florfenicol in Hybrid sturgeon cultured in cold water, changes in concentration of florfenicol in plasma, muscle, liver and kidney of sturgeon after administration were measured by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results show that after 15.0 mg/kg dose administration, the concentration change in plasma and liver, kidney and muscle of sturgeon are suitable for the one compartment open model. Florfenicol pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma, liver, kidney and sturgeon muscle showed that the peak concentration (Cmax) were 549.7, 551.8, 958.2 and 405.4 μg/kg, respectively. The peak time (Tmax) was 17.5, 14.2, 14.0 and 20.8 hr, respectively. The elimination half‐life (T1/2) was 75.1, 99.8, 68.8 and 75.5 hr, respectively. Area under the curve were 70,048.9, 63,850.6, 109,579.9 and 53,437.3 μg/kg hr, respectively. Mean residence time was 100.6, 96.4, 96.5 and 104.6 hr, respectively. The absorption speed and elimination of florfenicol in cold water cultured sturgeon is slow, and the peak concentration is low, but the florfenicol was widely distributed in the body of sturgeon. The results provide a theoretical basis for formulation of medication and withdrawal period of florfenicol used in sturgeon cultured in cold water.
Expression of functional TRPV1 receptor in primary culture of canine keratinocytes
Authors: Barbero Raffaella , Vercelli Cristina , Cuniberti Barbara , della Valle Maria Federica , Martano Marina , Re Giovanni 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe interest for the endovanilloid system and for transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is continuously increasing, due to their involvement in inflammation, nociception and pruritus. Even if TRPV1 enrolment was highlighted in both physiological and pathological conditions, some aspects remain unclear, mostly in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to verify the expression and functionality of TRPV1 in canine keratinocytes to investigate in vitro the role of TRPV1 in these cells that are involved in different cutaneous pathologies. Keratinocytes primary cultures were isolated from bioptical samples and cultivated. Binding assay (using 3[H]‐resiniferatoxin), displacement assay (in the presence of 1.2 nM 3[H]‐resiniferatoxin) and functional assays (in the presence of 1 μCi/45Ca2+) with vanilloid agonists and antagonists, specifically addressed to TRPV1 receptor, were performed. Binding assay demonstrated the presence of measurable concentrations of TRPV1 (Bmax = 1,240 ± 120 fmol/mg protein; Kd = 0.01 ± 0.004 nM). Displacement assay highlighted the highest affinity for resiniferatoxin (RTX) and 5‐iodo‐resiniferatoxin (5‐I‐RTX), among agonists and antagonists, respectively. The same compounds results as the most potent in the functional assays. This study demonstrated the identification and the characterization of TRPV1 receptor in primary canine keratinocytes cultures. The results are promising for a clinical use, but further in vivo investigations are required.