bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Angle Kappa With Synoptophore and Orbscan II in a Normal Population
Authors: Basmak Hikmet , Sahin Afsun , Yildirim Nilgun , Papakostas Thanos D , Kanellopoulos A John 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To obtain normative values of angle kappa in a normal population by synoptophore and Orbscan II and to compare the reliability of these devices.
METHODS: Three hundred consecutive healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. A complete orthoptic and ophthalmologic examination was performed. Synoptophore and Orbscan II corneal topography were used to measure angle kappa. To evaluate the association of the angle kappa and refraction measures, individuals were further classified according to the degree of myopia and hyperopia. The spherical equivalent error measures were grouped into six categories: ≥-3.00 diopters (D); -2.75 to -1.50 D; -1.25 to -0.50 D; +0.50 to +1.25 D; +1.50 to +2.75 D; and ≥+3.00 D. Paired t test and Pearson's correlation test were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The mean age of the individuals was 28.74±1.63 years (range: 20 to 40 years). The angle kappa values obtained by synoptophore and Orbscan II were normally distributed. In the myopic group, angle kappa values decreased significantly towards negative refractive errors. In contrast, a correlation existed between large positive angles and positive refractive errors in the hyperopic group. Angle kappa values obtained by Orbscan II were significantly higher in all groups when compared to synoptophore (P<.0001). A significant correlation was noted between synoptophore and Orbscan II measurements (r=0.932, P<.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation exists between positive refractive errors and large positive angle kappa values. Refractive surgeons must take into account angle kappa, especially in hyperopic patients, to avoid complications related to decentration of the ablation zone. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:456-460.]
Correlation Between Attempted Correction and Keratometric Refractive Index of the Cornea After Myopic Excimer Laser Surgery
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Barboni Piero , Zanini Maurizio 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Given that the standard keratometric refractive index of 1.3375 is no longer valid after excimer laser surgery, we aimed to investigate how this value changes postoperatively and if any correlation to the attempted correction exists.
METHODS: The pre- and postoperative data of 98 patients who underwent either myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or LASIK were reviewed. Using post-operative videokeratography, the corneal radius (r) was obtained; the corrected corneal power (P^sup c^) was measured by separately calculating the dioptric power of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. The postoperative index of refraction (n^sup post^) was derived from these values using the formula: n^sup post^ = (rP^sup c^)+1.
RESULTS: As the amount of refractive change increases, n^sup post^ progressively decreases (P<.0001, r=0.9581). Linear regression provided the subsequent formula to calculate the postoperative index of refraction: n^sup post^ = 1.338 + 0.0009856 × attempted correction.
CONCLUSIONS: Myopic PRK and LASIK induce a decrease in the keratometric refractive index. This reduction correlates to the amount of attempted correction. When the latter is known, calculating n^sup post^ may enable the measurement of corneal power and thus provide an additional method for calculating intraocular lens power in eyes that have undergone myopic PRK or LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:461-466.]
Histological Changes and Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in the Rabbit Cornea Following 213-nm, 193-nm, and 266-nm Irradiation
Authors: Van Saarloos Paul P , Rodger Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine the acute outcome of corneal irradiation in adult rabbits for 193-, 213-, and 266-nm laser wavelengths.

METHODS: Animals were randomly allocated to one of three groups and were treated with 213-nm quintupled Nd:YAG laser, a 193-nm excimer laser, or a 266-nm quadrupled Nd:YAG laser (n=6 per group, two exposure durations). Thermal damage was assessed histologically and the extent of DNA damage estimated by measuring unscheduled DNA synthesis in corneal epithelial and stromal cells using
p 3
H thymidine autoradiography.

RESULTS: For the 193- and 213-nm groups, irradiation did not induce thermal damage. Moreover, cells displaying unscheduled DNA synthesis represented <4% of the total cell numbers with no difference between groups (P>.05). By contrast, the 266-nm laser led to stromal melting and vacuolation; unscheduled DNA synthesis levels were elevated over the other groups (P<.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Corneal laser ablation with the 213-nm Nd:YAG laser resulted in similarly low levels of thermal and DNA damage to those produced using the clinically accepted 193-nm excimer laser. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:477-481.]
Comparison of Anterior Chamber Depth Measurement Between Orbscan IIz and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Authors: Lee Jong Yun , Kim Jun-Heon , Kim Hyo-Myung , Song Jong-Suk 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the measurement of anterior chamber depth exclusive of corneal thickness using Orbscan IIz and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and evaluate the repeatability of each method.
METHODS: Three consecutive measurements of anterior chamber depth were prospectively performed using Orbscan IIz and Paradigm 50-MHz UBM in 40 eyes in 20 individuals. Mean values were compared using the paired t test. For 12 eyes in 6 individuals, anterior chamber depth measurements were performed 5 times to estimate the repeatability of each method by a coefficient of variation. Refractive errors were measured to correlate with anterior chamber depth.
RESULTS: The mean anterior chamber depth was 2.82 ± 0.46 mm with the Orbscan IIz and 2.91 ± 0.43 mm in UBM. This difference was statistically significant (P<.001), but not clinically meaningful. The coefficient of variation was 1.15% and 1.10% in Orbscan IIz and UBM, respectively. A negative correlation between anterior chamber depth and spherical equivalent refraction was noted within the range of -5.50 to +3.00 diopters.
CONCLUSIONS: The mean anterior chamber depth of Orbscan IIz was 0.087 mm less than that of UBM. Both methods were precise. Orbscan IIz seems to be a useful and more convenient method to measure anterior chamber depth for phakic intraocular lens implantation. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:487-491.]
Retreatment After LASIK Using Epithelial Ablation Alone
Authors: Harter Deanna E , Hardten David R 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Retreatments after refractive surgery may be associated with complications similar to the original surgical procedure. Excimer laser ablation of the epithelium may be associated with fewer complications and may prevent the need for flap-lift retreatment after LASIK.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review identified eyes that had undergone epithelial retreatments after primary LASIK. Treatment was performed with excimer laser correction on a dry intact epithelium.
RESULTS: Of the 27 eyes that were treated in this fashion, 8 (29.6%) eyes went on to subsequent flap-lift retreatment. The most common complication at 1 day was punctate keratopathy (7 eyes, 25.9%). No eyes lost best spectacle-corrected visual acuity during follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of subsequent flap-lift retreatment, as well as the lack of statistically significant changes in refractive error, will limit the usefulness of epithelial retreatments. Because of the low incidence of complications, improvement in a small number of patients, and the lack of desire of some patients to undergo further flap-lift retreatment, epithelial retreatment may be useful in some eyes with minimal residual refractive error after LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:518-520.]
Matched Population Comparison of the Visian Implantable Collamer Lens and Standard LASIK for Myopia of -3.00 to -7.88 Diopters
Authors: Sanders Donald R 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare matched populations of LASIK and Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) cases in the correction of myopia between -3.00 and -7.88 diopters (D).
METHODS: One hundred sixty-four LASIK eyes with prospective data collected from a single center and 164 ICL eyes from the multicenter US ICL Clinical Trial were compared in this observational non-randomized study. The LASIK and ICL groups were well matched for age, gender, and mean level of preoperative spherical equivalent refraction.
RESULTS: At 6 months, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) > 20/20 was 85% with LASIK and 95% with ICL (P= .003) compared to preoperative values of 93% and 88%, respectively (P= .292). Loss of s*2 lines of BSCVA was significantly lower with the ICL at 1 week (0.6% vs 10%, P<.001) and 1 month (7% vs 0%, P=. 001) with comparable outcomes at 6 months (0% vs 1%). At 6 months postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) 2*20/15 (11% vs 25%, P=. 001) and >20/20 (49% vs 63%, P=OOl) was better in the ICL cases. Predictability within 0.50 D at 6 months for ICL cases was 85% (67% LASIK, P<.001); 97% of ICL cases were within 1.00 D (88% LASIK, P= .002). Refractive stability (?0.50 D) between 1 and 6 months was 93% with ICL compared to only 82% with LASIK (P= .006).
CONCLUSIONS: The ICL performed better than LASIK in almost all measures of safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability in this matched population comparison, supporting the ICL as an effective alternative to existing refractive laser surgical treatments for the range of myopia studied. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:537-553.]
Anterior Segment OCT Analysis of Thin IntraLase Femtosecond Flaps
Authors: Stahl Jason E , Durrie Daniel S , Schwendeman Frank J , Boghossian Allen J 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to analyze thin flaps created with the IntraLase femtosecond laser (IntraLase Corp).
METHODS: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients had flaps created with the 60 kHz IntraLase femtosecond laser prior to excimer laser ablation. The desired flap thickness was 110 µm with a diameter of 8.5 mm for all eyes. At 1 month postoperatively, all eyes were evaluated with the Visante anterior segment OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Four thickness measurements were obtained across the length of the flaps at the meridians of 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°. Thus, 16 thickness measurements were analyzed for each flap.
RESULTS: Flaps were uniform (planar) with a mean thickness of 112 ?5 µm (range: 87 to 118 µm). Average standard deviation within the individual flaps was 4 µm (range: 1 to 8 ???).
CONCLUSIONS: The IntraLase femtosecond laser creates thin, uniform (planar) flaps with high predictability and reproducibility. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:555558.1
Effect of Suction Ring Application During LASIK on Goblet Cell Density
Authors: Rodriguez-Prats Jose Luis , Hamdi Islam M , Rodriguez Alejandra E , Galal Ahmed , Alio Jorge L 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the effect of LASIK surgery on conjunctival goblet cells as one of the proposed mechanisms for dry eye occurring after LASIK.
METHODS: This prospective study included 22 eyes (11 patients) that underwent LASIK for the correction of myopia. Three pairs of samples were taken from the bulbar conjunctiva of each eye. The first pair was taken preoperatively before application of the suction ring. The second and third pairs were taken from the same sites at 1 week and 1 month consecutively. The first site was at 12 o'clock and the second at the inferotemporal quadrant between 7 and 8 o'clock. Time of suction was recorded.
RESULTS: Preoperatively, mean goblet cell density was 424+105 cells/mm2 (range: 284 to 630 cells/mm2). All postoperative samples showed a statistically significant decrease in goblet cell count: 216?81 cells/mm2 (range: 40 to 325 cells/mm2) at 1 week and 218?99 cells/mm2 (range: 50 to 396 cells/mm2) at 1 month. Other parameters of conjunctival impression cytology were normal. The difference between the samples in the inferior conjunctiva preoperatively and 1 week postoperatively was greater than that of the superior conjunctiva. Recovery rate in both sites was similar and the damage did not correlate with the duration of suction.
CONCLUSIONS: The application of the microkeratome suction ring induced changes in the perilimbic conjunctiva. These changes contribute to the pathology of dry eye. Goblet cell count remains affected at 1 month postoperatively. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:559-562.]
Ocular Structure Changes During Vacuum by the Hansatome Microkeratome Suction Ring
Authors: Davis Richard M , Evangelista Jason A 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the vacuum of a microkeratome suction ring induces ocular structure changes.
METHODS: A prospective case series using ?-scan ultrasonography to measure anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous body, and axial length was performed. Measurements before and during application of a Hansatome microkeratome suction ring were performed on 69 eyes of 39 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo a first-time LASIK procedure with mechanical creation of a corneal flap.
RESULTS: Mean patient age was 43+12.1 years. Of the 69 eyes, 63 (91.3%) had refractive myopia with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of -2. 93 ?1.56 diopters (D) and 6 (8.7%) had refractive hyperopia with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of 1.37+0.31 D. Overall, the mean spherical equivalent refraction of all eyes was -2.56+1.94 D. Ultrasound measurements during suction revealed a decrease in the anterior chamber depth of -0.06+0.36 mm (P<.05) and lens thickness by -0.14+0.45 mm (P<.05) whereas the vitreous body increased 0.25+0.36 mm (P<.05). Although insignificant, a trend toward increasing axial length was noted. No measurements changed over time during the application of vacuum.
CONCLUSIONS: Vacuum by a microkeratome suction ring induced a compression of the anterior chamber and lens with commensurate expansion of the vitreous body. The assessment of vacuum effects during LASIK suggests that measurements of intraocular compartments are more informative than axial length. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:563-566.]
Effect of Preoperative Keratometric Power on Intraoperative Complications in LASIK in 34,099 Eyes
Authors: Albelda-Vallés J Carlos , Martin-Reyes Clara , Ramos Francisco , Beltran Jaime , Llovet Fernando , Baviera Julio 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of preoperative keratometric power on the intraoperative complications in LASIK for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
METHODS: In this retrospective study, the records of 34,099 eyes of 17,388 patients who underwent LASIK for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism using the Moria LSK One manual microkeratome and the Bausch & Lomb Technolas 217 Z excimer laser were reviewed.
RESULTS: One thousand three hundred thirty-eight (3.92%) intraoperative microkeratome complications were identified in the total number of eyes: 571 (1.67%) free caps, 320 (0.93%) epithelial abrasions, 282 (0.82%) thin/irregular flaps, 126 (0.36%) incomplete flaps, and 39 (0.11%) flap buttonholes. When eyes were stratified according to preoperative keratometric power, eyes with flatter corneas usually had more free caps and incomplete flaps than eyes with steeper corneas (P<.05), whereas eyes with steeper corneas usually had more epithelial abrasions and thin/irregular flaps than eyes with flatter corneas (P<.05). The risk of free caps, incomplete flaps, and epithelial abrasions was greater when bigger keratome rings (H) were used than when smaller rings (-1) were used (P<.05). The incidence of buttonholes was independent of the preoperative keratometric power, keratome plate (100 or 130 /im), and keratome ring (-1, -2, or H).
CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant relationship was found between preoperative keratometric power and incidence of flap buttonholes in this series. Eyes with flatter corneas tended to have more free caps and incomplete flaps, whereas eyes with steeper corneas tended to have more epithelial abrasions and thin/irregular flaps. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:592-597.]
Clinical Ocular Wavefront Analyzers
Authors: Cerviño Alejandro , Hosking Sarah L , Montes-Mico Robert , Bates Keith 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To provide a summary of the methods used by clinical wavefront analyzers and their historical, current, and future applications.
METHODS: Review of the literature and authors' experience with the various devices.
RESULTS: A wide range of clinical wavefront aberrometers, which use different principles, are available to clinicians and researchers.
CONCLUSIONS: Applications of wavefront analyzers in vision sciences range from assessment of refractive error, refractive surgery planning, evaluation of outcomes, optimization of contact lenses and IOL designs, evaluation of pathology relating to optical performance of the eye, and evaluation of accommodation alterations. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:603-616.]
Treatment of Ocular Surface Syndrome After LASIK With Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma
Authors: Alio Jorge L , Pastor Silvia , Ruiz-Colecha Jose , Rodriguez Alejandra , Artola Alberto 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To ascertain the usefulness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of patients suffering from symptomatic ocular surface syndrome following LASIK.
METHODS: Twenty-six eyes (9 women and 4 men) affected by symptomatic ocular surface syndrome were treated with topical eye drops of autologous platelet-rich plasma and results were reported at 4 weeks. Topical platelet-rich plasma was prepared from total blood and enriched in platelets by centrifugation.
RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of patients experienced significant improvement of symptoms; best spectacle-corrected visual acuity increased 1 to 2 lines in 54%; fluorescein staining analysis showed a 69% full fluorescein disappearance; and tear break-up time increased >2 seconds in 46%. Only one patient developed intolerance to platelet-rich plasma after 4 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS: Autologous platelet-rich plasma was effective in the treatment of patients with ocular surface syndrome following LASIK, with symptoms generally relieved and a positive effect on punctate keratitis. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:617-619.]
Standardized Analyses of Correction of Astigmatism With the Visian Toric Phakic Implantable Collamer Lens
Authors: Sanders Donald R , Sarver Edwin J 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To demonstrate the methodology described by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Subcommittee on Astigmatism Analysis reporting a standardized method of presenting astigmatism data by laser systems that reshape the cornea also applies to toric phakic intraocular lens (IOL) data.
METHODS: The US Food and Drug Administration trial of the Visian Toric Implantable Collamer Lens comprised 210 eyes of 124 study patients. The mean preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent for the study cohort was -9.36±2.66 diopters (D) (range: -19.50 to -2.38 D). The mean preoperative manifest refractive cylinder was 1.94±0.84 D (range: 1.00 to 4.00 D).
RESULTS: Data were arrayed using the 11 tables and 4 figures suggested in the Subcommittee paper. Interpretation of the data from a toric phakic IOL study was similar to that of laser refractive procedures. The addition of a table of manifest refractive cylinder (in the spectacle plane) over time, which provides a direct clinical measure of clinical efficacy, is suggested. Mean postoperative manifest refractive cylinder was 0.51±0.48 D (range: 0 to 3.00 D) with 65.6% of eyes having ≤0.50 D of refractive cylinder at 12 months. A table of observed stability of the toric phakic IOL orientation within the eye obtained by slit-lamp examination also is recommended, which is a useful table not applicable in laser refractive procedures.
CONCLUSIONS: The data presented demonstrate that the methodology developed by the ANSI Standard Subcommittee on Astigmatism Analysis, with some minor additions, accurately characterizes the efficacy of toric phakic IOLs in treating astigmatism. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:649-660.]
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy in Children
Authors: Kollias Aris N , Spitzlberger Georg M , Thurau Stephan , Grüterich Martin , Lackerbauer Carl-Arnold 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Children with dense superficial opacities of the cornea are at risk for developing amblyopia. This study evaluated the efficacy of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in severe cases of anterior stromal scarring.
METHODS: Five eyes of five patients, aged 6 to 8 years, were included. Three children suffered from uveitis-associated band keratopathy, one child had anterior corneal stromal scarring due to viral infection, and one child had anterior basement membrane dystrophy. Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed under general anesthesia using the 200 Hz ALLEGRETTO excimer laser. Optical treatment zone was 7.0 mm (one eye) and 8.0 mm (four eyes), and ablation depths were between 20 and 100 µm. Postoperative treatment consisted of bandage soft contact lens, topical preservative-free antibiotics, steroids, and artificial tears. Part-time occlusion therapy was continued, as prior to PTK. Because of the small cohort, statistical evaluation was not performed.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 23.4±13.7 months (range: 10 to 41 months). Surgery and postoperative follow-up were uneventful, and no signs of infection or haze were noted. Preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 0.4 to 3.0 logMAR (mean: 1.22±1.07 logMAR). Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved in four eyes and stabilized in one eye due to uveitis recurrence (mean 0.64±0.65 logMAR). Mean preoperative keratometric values changed from 45.60±0.90 to 44.90±3.00 diopters postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS: Dense superficial corneal opacity in children may be successfully treated with PTK. Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed to increase corneal transparency and corneal surface smoothing thereby avoiding amblyopia. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:703-708.]
Corneal Light Shield as a Delivery System for Standardized Application of Mitomycin C in Excimer Surface Ablation
Authors: Khoury Johnny M , Farah Toufic , El-Haibi Christelle P , Noureddin Baha N 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To develop a simple, reproducible method of applying intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) in excimer surface ablation surgery.
METHODS: A two-part protocol was developed to study several properties of corneal light shields. Part A tested the amount of MMC (0.2 mg/mL) absorbed, expansion dimension attained, and amount released to filter paper. Part B examined in vitro release of MMC to a photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)-treated enucleated pig eye.
RESULTS: Mean MMC absorbed by corneal light shields was 63.7±5.0 mg (range: 57.4 to 72.8 mg); coefficient of variability was 7.8%. Expansion diameter and thickness were constant at 9.0 mm and 1.1 mm, respectively. Mean solution released to filter paper was 55.4±3.9 mg (range: 51.3 to 63.5 mg); coefficient of variability was 7.1%. Mean solution transferred to the PRK-treated pig eye was 2.3±0.7 mg (range: 1.1 to 3.5 mg); coefficient of variability was 33%.
CONCLUSIONS: Mitomycin C contact surface area, amount absorbed, and amount released by each corneal light shield were reproducible. Uniform dimensions theoretically provide uniform distribution of MMC. This method may allow standardization of intraoperative MMC application in excimer surface ablation. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:716-719.]