bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Weak Tropical Cyclones Produce Heavy Rainfall When Making Landfall Over China
Authors: Feng Xibin , Shu Shoujuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, we investigate rainfall characteristics, such as rainfall intensity, rainfall coverage, and the location of heavy rain, associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) that made landfall over China during 2005–2014, using the observations of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and environmental fields. Results show that before landfall, the stronger the TC itself is, the stronger the TC rainfall intensity is in both eyewall and inner rainband regions. However, there is no obvious difference in rainfall intensity in the outer core region for the TCs with different intensity. The coverage of heavy rainfall is also found to be correlated with increasing TC intensity before landfall. It is found that the weak TC with heavy rainfall is usually under strong westward vertical wind shear (VWS), resulting from the impact of enhanced upper‐level easterlies associated with a significant northward‐shifted South Asia high. In particular, when the TC is located under the right‐hand side of the entrance of the upper‐level easterly jet, the updraft over the downshear side of the TC circulation is further enhanced under the combined influence of VWS and anomalous upper‐tropospheric divergence caused by the jet. The precipitation thus manifests a clear asymmetric feature with severe rainfall over the downshear sector of the weak TC. Our results suggest that the interaction between a weak TC and synoptic systems deserves as much attention as that between a strong TC and surrounding systems in landfalling TC forecasting and research.
Application of the Beer–Lambert Model to Attenuation of Photosynthetically Active Radiation in a Shallow, Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Weiskerger Chelsea J. , Rowe Mark D. , Stow Craig A. , Stuart Dack , Johengen Tom 
Published: October 2018

AbstractModels of primary production in aquatic systems must include a means to estimate subsurface light. Such models often use the Beer–Lambert law, assuming exponential attenuation of light with depth. It is further assumed that the diffuse attenuation coefficient may be estimated as a summation of scattering/absorbing constituent concentrations multiplied by their respective specific attenuation coefficients. While theoretical deviations from these assumptions have been documented, it is useful to consider the empirical performance of this common approach. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels and water quality conditions were recorded weekly from six to eight monitoring stations in western Lake Erie between 2012 and 2016. Exponential PAR extinction models yielded a mean attenuation coefficient of 1.55 m (interquartile range = 0.74–1.90 m). While more complex light attenuation models are available, analysis of residuals indicated that the simple Beer–Lambert model is adequate for shallow, eutrophic waters similar to western Lake Erie (R2 > 0.9 for 96% of samples). Three groups of water quality variables were predictive of PAR attenuation: total and nonvolatile suspended particles, dissolved organic substances (dissolved organic carbon and chromophoric dissolved organic matter), and organic solids (volatile suspended solids and chlorophyll). Multiple regression models using these variables predicted 3–90% of the variability in PAR attenuation, with a median adjusted R2 = 0.86. Explanatory variables within these groups may substitute for each other while maintaining similar model performance, indicating that various combinations of water quality variables may be useful to predict PAR attenuation, depending on availability within a model framework or monitoring program.
Altered hippocampal gene expression and structure in transgenic mice overexpressing neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) type I
Authors: Deakin Inga H. , Godlewska Beata R. , Walker Mary A. , Huang Guo-Jen , Schwab Markus H. , Nave Klaus-Armin , Law Amanda J. , Harrison Paul J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTransgenic mice overexpressing the type I isoform of neuregulin 1 (Nrg1; NRG1) have alterations in hippocampal gamma oscillations and an age-emergent deficit in hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory. Here, we examined the molecular and morphological correlates of these findings. Microarrays showed over 100 hippocampal transcripts differentially expressed inNrg1tg-type Imice, with enrichment of genes related to neuromodulation and, in older mice, of genes involved in inflammation and immunity.Nrg1tg-type Imice had an enlarged hippocampus with a widened dentate gyrus. The results show thatNrg1type I impacts on hippocampal gene expression and structure in a multifaceted and partly age-related way, complementing the evidence implicatingNrg1signaling in aspects of hippocampal function. The findings are also relevant to the possible role ofNRG1signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia or other disorders affecting this brain region.
Soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) enhances poly(I:C)-induced RIPK1-mediated necroptosis
Authors: Anany Mohamed A. , Kreckel Jennifer , Füllsack Simone , Rosenthal Alevtina , Otto Christoph , Siegmund Daniela , Wajant Harald 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX) sensitize for poly(I:C)-induced cell death. Notably, although CHX preferentially enhanced poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis, TWEAK enhanced primarily poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis. Both sensitizers of poly(I:C)-induced cell death, however, showed no major effect on proinflammatory poly(I:C) signaling. Analysis of a panel of HeLa-RIPK3 variants lacking TRADD, RIPK1, FADD, or caspase-8 expression revealed furthermore similarities and differences in the way how poly(I:C)/TWEAK, TNF, and TRAIL utilize these molecules for signaling. RIPK1 turned out to be essential for poly(I:C)/TWEAK-induced caspase-8-mediated apoptosis but was dispensable for this response in TNF and TRAIL signaling. TRADD-RIPK1-double deficiency differentially affected poly(I:C)-triggered gene induction but abrogated gene induction by TNF completely. FADD deficiency abrogated TRAIL- but not TNF- and poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis, whereas TRADD elicited protective activity against all three death inducers. A general protective activity against poly(I:C)-, TRAIL-, and TNF-induced cell death was also observed in FLIPL and FLIPS transfectrants.
Depletion of MOB1A/B causes intestinal epithelial degeneration by suppressing Wnt activity and activating BMP/TGF-β signaling
Authors: Bae June Sung , Jeon Yoon , Kim Sun Mi , Jang Ji Yun , Park Mi Kyung , Kim In-Hoo , Hwang Deog Su , Lim Dae-Sik , Lee Ho 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Hippo pathway is involved in intestinal epithelial homeostasis with Wnt, BMP, Notch, and EGF signaling. We investigated the relationship between Hippo and other signaling pathways and the role of MOB kinase activator 1A/1B (MOB1A/B) in intestinal homeostasis. Mice with intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific depletion of MOB1A/B showed hyperproliferation in IECs, defects in secretory lineage differentiation and loss of intestinal stem cells and eventually died at 10–12 days after tamoxifen treatment. In MOB1A/B-depleted IECs, expression of Wnt target genes were downregulated but Bmp2 and Tgfbr2 were transcriptionally activated with enhanced YAP activity. In in vivo and in vitro experiments with several signaling inhibitors, it has been shown that the BMP inhibitor LDN193189 or TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 had effects on partial restoration of the intestinal degenerative phenotype. Treatment with these inhibitors restored differentiation of secretory lineage cells in MOB1A/B-deficient mice, but not ISC pools in the crypt region. These studies reveal that IEC-specific depletion of MOB1A/B induced overexpression of Bmp2 and Tgfbr2 and inhibited Wnt activity, finally leading to loss of ISCs and functional epithelia in the mouse intestine. These results suggest that MOB1A/B has an essential function for intestinal epithelial homeostasis by regulating YAP, Wnt activity, and BMP/TGF-β signaling.
eLD: entropy-based linkage disequilibrium index between multiallelic sites
Authors: Okada Yukinori 
Published: October 2018

AbstractQuantification of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a critical step in studies investigating human genome variations. Commonly used LD indices such as r2 handle LD of biallelic variants for two sites. As shown in a previously introduced LD index of ε, normalized entropy difference of the haplotype frequency between LD and linkage equilibrium (LE) could be utilized to estimate LD of biallelic variants for multiple sites. Here, we developed eLD (entropy-based Linkage Disequilibrium index between multiallelic sites) as publicly available software to calculate ε of multiallelic variants for two sites. Application of eLD could dissect complex LD structures among multiple HLA genes (e.g., strong LD among HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 in East Asians). Use of eLD is not restricted to haplotype-based LD; it is also applicable to genotype-based LD. Therefore, eLD enables estimation of trans-regional LD of SNP genotypes at two unlinked loci, such as the nonlinear LD between functional missense variants of ADH1B (rs1229984 [Arg47His]) and ALDH2 (rs671 [Glu504Lys]).
Multifunctional molecular modulators for perovskite solar cells with over 20% efficiency and high operational stability
Authors: Bi Dongqin , Li Xiong , Milić Jovana V. , Kubicki Dominik J. , Pellet Norman , Luo Jingshan , LaGrange Thomas , Mettraux Pierre , Emsley Lyndon , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPerovskite solar cells present one of the most prominent photovoltaic technologies, yet their stability, scalability, and engineering at the molecular level remain challenging. We demonstrate a concept of multifunctional molecular modulation of scalable and operationally stable perovskite solar cells that exhibit exceptional solar-to-electric power conversion efficiencies. The judiciously designed bifunctional molecular modulator SN links the mercapto-tetrazolium (S) and phenylammonium (N) moieties, which passivate the surface defects, while displaying a structure-directing function through interaction with the perovskite that induces the formation of large grain crystals of high electronic quality of the most thermally stable formamidinium cesium mixed lead iodide perovskite formulation. As a result, we achieve greatly enhanced solar cell performance with efficiencies exceeding 20% for active device areas above 1 cm2 without the use of antisolvents, accompanied by outstanding operational stability under ambient conditions.
Structural delineation of potent transmission-blocking epitope I on malaria antigen Pfs48/45
Authors: Kundu Prasun , Semesi Anthony , Jore Matthijs M. , Morin Merribeth J. , Price Virginia L. , Liang Alice , Li Jingxing , Miura Kazutoyo , Sauerwein Robert W. , King C. Richter , Julien Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInterventions that can block the transmission of malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) between the human host and Anopheles vector have the potential to reduce the incidence of malaria. Pfs48/45 is a gametocyte surface protein critical for parasite development and transmission, and its targeting by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 85RF45.1 leads to the potent reduction of parasite transmission. Here, we reveal how the Pfs48/45 6C domain adopts a (SAG1)-related-sequence (SRS) fold. We structurally delineate potent epitope I and show how mAb 85RF45.1 recognizes an electronegative surface with nanomolar affinity. Analysis of Pfs48/45 sequences reveals that polymorphisms are rare for residues involved at the binding interface. Humanization of rat-derived mAb 85RF45.1 conserved the mode of recognition and activity of the parental antibody, while also improving its thermostability. Our work has implications for the development of transmission-blocking interventions, both through improving vaccine designs and the testing of passive delivery of mAbs in humans.
IL-7 receptor blockade blunts antigen-specific memory T cell responses and chronic inflammation in primates
Authors: Belarif Lyssia , Mary Caroline , Jacquemont Lola , Mai Hoa Le , Danger Richard , Hervouet Jeremy , Minault David , Thepenier Virginie , Nerrière-Daguin Veronique , Nguyen Elisabeth , Pengam Sabrina , Largy Eric , Delobel Arnaud , Martinet Bernard , Le Bas-Bernardet Stéphanie , Brouard Sophie , Soulillou Jean-Paul , Degauque Nicolas , Blancho Gilles , Vanhove Bernard , Poirier Nicolas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTargeting the expansion of pathogenic memory immune cells is a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent chronic autoimmune attacks. Here we investigate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of new anti-human IL-7Rα monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in non-human primates and show that, depending on the target epitope, a single injection of antagonistic anti-IL-7Rα mAbs induces a long-term control of skin inflammation despite repeated antigen challenges in presensitized monkeys. No modification in T cell numbers, phenotype, function or metabolism is observed in the peripheral blood or in response to polyclonal stimulation ex vivo. However, long-term in vivo hyporesponsiveness is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of antigen-specific T cells producing IFN-γ upon antigen restimulation ex vivo. These findings indicate that chronic antigen-specific memory T cell responses can be controlled by anti-IL-7Rα mAbs, promoting and maintaining remission in T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory diseases.
Engineering bacterial vortex lattice via direct laser lithography
Authors: Nishiguchi Daiki , Aranson Igor S , Snezhko Alexey , Sokolov Andrey 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA suspension of swimming bacteria is possibly the simplest realization of active matter, i.e. a class of systems transducing stored energy into mechanical motion. Collective swimming of hydrodynamically interacting bacteria resembles turbulent flow. This seemingly chaotic motion can be rectified by a geometrical confinement. Here we report on self-organization of a concentrated suspension of motile bacteria Bacillus subtilis constrained by two-dimensional (2D) periodic arrays of microscopic vertical pillars. We show that bacteria self-organize into a lattice of hydrodynamically bound vortices with a long-range antiferromagnetic order controlled by the pillars’ spacing. The patterns attain their highest stability and nearly perfect order for the pillar spacing comparable with an intrinsic vortex size of an unconstrained bacterial turbulence. We demonstrate that the emergent antiferromagnetic order can be further manipulated and turned into a ferromagnetic state by introducing chiral pillars. This strategy can be used to control a wide class of active 2D systems.
A peptide encoded by circular form of LINC-PINT suppresses oncogenic transcriptional elongation in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Maolei , Zhao Kun , Xu Xiaoping , Yang Yibing , Yan Sheng , Wei Ping , Liu Hui , Xu Jianbo , Xiao Feizhe , Zhou Huangkai , Yang Xuesong , Huang Nunu , Liu Jinglei , He Kejun , Xie Keping , Zhang Gong , Huang Suyun , Zhang Nu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of transcripts in the mammalian genome. Although the translation of circRNAs was reported, additional coding circRNAs and the functions of their translated products remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that an endogenous circRNA generated from a long noncoding RNA encodes regulatory peptides. Through ribosome nascent-chain complex-bound RNA sequencing (RNC-seq), we discover several peptides potentially encoded by circRNAs. We identify an 87-amino-acid peptide encoded by the circular form of the long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) that suppresses glioblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. This peptide directly interacts with polymerase associated factor complex (PAF1c) and inhibits the transcriptional elongation of multiple oncogenes. The expression of this peptide and its corresponding circRNA are decreased in glioblastoma compared with the levels in normal tissues. Our results establish the existence of peptides encoded by circRNAs and demonstrate their potential functions in glioblastoma tumorigenesis.
Flexible and stable high-energy lithium-sulfur full batteries with only 100% oversized lithium
Authors: Chang Jian , Shang Jian , Sun Yongming , Ono Luis K. , Wang Dongrui , Ma Zhijun , Huang Qiyao , Chen Dongdong , Liu Guoqiang , Cui Yi , Qi Yabing , Zheng Zijian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLightweight and flexible energy storage devices are urgently needed to persistently power wearable devices, and lithium-sulfur batteries are promising technologies due to their low mass densities and high theoretical capacities. Here we report a flexible and high-energy lithium-sulfur full battery device with only 100% oversized lithium, enabled by rationally designed copper-coated and nickel-coated carbon fabrics as excellent hosts for lithium and sulfur, respectively. These metallic carbon fabrics endow mechanical flexibility, reduce local current density of the electrodes, and, more importantly, significantly stabilize the electrode materials to reach remarkable Coulombic efficiency of >99.89% for a lithium anode and >99.82% for a sulfur cathode over 400 half-cell charge-discharge cycles. Consequently, the assembled lithium-sulfur full battery provides high areal capacity (3 mA h cm−2), high cell energy density (288 W h kg−1 and 360 W h L−1), excellent cycling stability (260 cycles), and remarkable bending stability at a small radius of curvature (<1 mm).
Activity enhancement of cobalt catalysts by tuning metal-support interactions
Authors: Hernández Mejía Carlos , van Deelen Tom W. , de Jong Krijn P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInteractions between metal nanoparticles and support materials can strongly influence the performance of catalysts. In particular, reducible oxidic supports can form suboxides that can decorate metal nanoparticles and enhance catalytic performance or block active sites. Therefore, tuning this metal-support interaction is essential for catalyst design. Here, we investigate reduction-oxidation-reduction (ROR) treatments as a method to affect metal-support interactions and related catalytic performance. Controlled oxidation of pre-reduced cobalt on reducible (TiO2 and Nb2O5) and irreducible (α-Al2O3) supports leads to the formation of hollow cobalt oxide particles. The second reduction results in a twofold increase in cobalt surface area only on reducible oxides and proportionally enhances the cobalt-based catalytic activity during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis at industrially relevant conditions. Such activities are usually only obtained by noble metal promotion of cobalt catalysts. ROR proves an effective approach to tune the interaction between metallic nanoparticles and reducible oxidic supports, leading to improved catalytic performance.
Dietary cholesterol promotes steatohepatitis related hepatocellular carcinoma through dysregulated metabolism and calcium signaling
Authors: Liang Jessie Qiaoyi , Teoh Narcissus , Xu Lixia , Pok Sharon , Li Xiangchun , Chu Eagle S. H. , Chiu Jonathan , Dong Ling , Arfianti Evi , Haigh W. Geoffrey , Yeh Matthew M. , Ioannou George N. , Sung Joseph J. Y. , Farrell Geoffrey , Yu Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe underlining mechanisms of dietary cholesterol and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain undefined. Here we demonstrated that high-fat-non-cholesterol-fed mice developed simple steatosis, whilst high-fat-high-cholesterol-fed mice developed NASH. Moreover, dietary cholesterol induced larger and more numerous NASH-HCCs than non-cholesterol-induced steatosis-HCCs in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. NASH-HCCs displayed significantly more aberrant gene expression-enriched signaling pathways and more non-synonymous somatic mutations than steatosis-HCCs (335 ± 84/sample vs 43 ± 13/sample). Integrated genetic and expressional alterations in NASH-HCCs affected distinct genes pertinent to five pathways: calcium, insulin, cell adhesion, axon guidance and metabolism. Some of the novel aberrant gene expression, mutations and core oncogenic pathways identified in cholesterol-associated NASH-HCCs in mice were confirmed in human NASH-HCCs, which included metabolism-related genes (ALDH18A1, CAD, CHKA, POLD4, PSPH and SQLE) and recurrently mutated genes (RYR1, MTOR, SDK1, CACNA1H and RYR2). These findings add insights into the link of cholesterol to NASH and NASH-HCC and provide potential therapeutic targets.
A FRET biosensor for necroptosis uncovers two different modes of the release of DAMPs
Authors: Murai Shin , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Shirasaki Yoshitaka , Yamagishi Mai , Shindo Ryodai , Hildebrand Joanne M. , Miura Ryosuke , Nakabayashi Osamu , Totsuka Mamoru , Tomida Taichiro , Adachi-Akahane Satomi , Uemura Sotaro , Silke John , Yagita Hideo , Miura Masayuki , Nakano Hiroyasu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNecroptosis is a regulated form of necrosis that depends on receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). While danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)s are involved in various pathological conditions and released from dead cells, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we develop a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor, termed SMART (a sensor for MLKL activation by RIPK3 based on FRET). SMART is composed of a fragment of MLKL and monitors necroptosis, but not apoptosis or necrosis. Mechanistically, SMART monitors plasma membrane translocation of oligomerized MLKL, which is induced by RIPK3 or mutational activation. SMART in combination with imaging of the release of nuclear DAMPs and Live-Cell Imaging for Secretion activity (LCI-S) reveals two different modes of the release of High Mobility Group Box 1 from necroptotic cells. Thus, SMART and LCI-S uncover novel regulation of the release of DAMPs during necroptosis.
Optimization of carbon and energy utilization through differential translational efficiency
Authors: Al-Bassam Mahmoud M. , Kim Ji-Nu , Zaramela Livia S. , Kellman Benjamin P. , Zuniga Cristal , Wozniak Jacob M. , Gonzalez David J. , Zengler Karsten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractControl of translation is vital to all species. Here we employ a multi-omics approach to decipher condition-dependent translational regulation in the model acetogen Clostridium ljungdahlii. Integration of data from cells grown autotrophically or heterotrophically revealed that pathways critical to carbon and energy metabolism are under strong translational regulation. Major pathways involved in carbon and energy metabolism are not only differentially transcribed and translated, but their translational efficiencies are differentially elevated in response to resource availability under different growth conditions. We show that translational efficiency is not static and that it changes dynamically in response to mRNA expression levels. mRNAs harboring optimized 5′-untranslated region and coding region features, have higher translational efficiencies and are significantly enriched in genes encoding carbon and energy metabolism. In contrast, mRNAs enriched in housekeeping functions harbor sub-optimal features and have lower translational efficiencies. We propose that regulation of translational efficiency is crucial for effectively controlling resource allocation in energy-deprived microorganisms.