bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Change in Intracranial Volume After Posterior Cranial Vault Distraction and Frontal Orbital Advancement/Remodeling
Authors: Senda Daiki , Orgun Doruk , Shimizu Azusa , Shimoji Kazuaki , Miyajima Masakazu , Arai Hajime , Mizuno Hiroshi , Komuro Yuzo 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Patients with craniosynostosis with shortened occipitofrontal diameter are mainly treated with posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO) in our institution. If further intracranial volume (ICV) expansion is needed, additional treatment with frontal orbital advancement (FOA) is done. On the contrary, frontal orbital remodeling (FOR) is done for better aesthetic results. In this study, post-treatment ICV changes in patients with craniosynostosis treated with these methods have been investigated.

Methods:
Patients who underwent FOA or FOR in addition to PVDO at Juntendo University Hospital between 2011 and 2017 were reviewed for patient characteristics and pre/postoperative ICV measurements using 3-dimensional computed tomography scans.

Results:
Nine patients aged from 5 months to 6 years 8 months at the time of PVDO were included. For PVDO, the ICV change was 113 to 328 mL, and the enlargement ratio of ICV was 109% to 152%. Two patients were further operated with FOA while the remaining 7 with FOR. With FOA, ICV change was 73 to 138 mL, while enlargement ratio of ICV was 107% to 114%. With FOR, ICV change was 3 to 45 mL (mean 20 mL), while enlargement ratio of ICV was 100% to 103%.

Conclusion:
The PVDO is our first line of treatment for ICV expansion and posterior cranial fossa decompression in patients with severe craniosynostosis. The FOA is performed if extra ICV increase is necessary. This approach seems to enable larger ICV expansions compared with other conventional methods. The FOR should be reserved for patients in whom adequate ICV levels are achieved with PVDO yet additional frontal reshaping is necessary.
The Construction of Surgical Trust
Authors: Salim Saad Y. , Govaerts Marjan , White Jonathan 
Published: November 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore how trust was constructed between surgeons and residents in the operating room.

Background:
Entrustment is increasingly being used as a key element to assess trainees’ competence in the clinical workplace. However, the cognitive process involved in the formulation of surgical trust remains poorly understood.

Methods:
In semistructured interviews, 9 general surgeons discussed their experiences in making entrustment decisions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Template analysis methodology was employed to develop an explanatory model.

Results:
Surgeons described the construction of trust as a stepwise process taking place before, during, and after the procedure. The main steps were as follows: (1) an initial propensity to trust based on the perceived risk of the case and trustworthiness of the resident; (2) a decision to initiate trust in the resident to begin the surgery; (3) close observation of preliminary steps; (4) an evolving decision based on whether the surgery is “on-track” or “off-track”; (5) intervention if the surgery was “off-track” (withdrawal of trust); (6) re-evaluation of trust for future cases. The main reasons described for withdrawing trust were: inability to follow instructions, failure to progress, and unsafe manoeuvres.

Conclusions:
This study showed that surgical trust is constructed through an iterative process involving gathering and valuing of information, decision-making, close observation, and supervisory intervention. There were strong underlying themes of control and responsibility, and trust was noted to increase over time and over repeated observations. The model presented here may be useful in improving judgements on competence in the surgical workplace.
Omentopexy in Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Early Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms
Authors: Filho Antonio M.M. , Silva Lyz B. , Godoy Eduardo S. , Falcão Angela M. , de Quadros Luiz G. , Zotarelli Filho Idiberto J. , Campos Josemberg M. , Rabelo Filho Lucio V. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the surgical procedures indicated in the treatment of obesity. The occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in the postoperative period of this surgery is related to a reduction in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone and the presence of gastric residual fundus (RF) associated with increased gastric intraluminal pressure. Fixation of the remaining gastric reservoir to the gastrosplenic and gastrocolic ligaments (omentopexy) has emerged as a technical option to avoid or decrease GER in the postoperative period of LSG.

Objective:
To evaluate the presence of GER symptoms, alterations in LES tone, and the presence of RF in obese subjects submitted to LSG with omentopexy.

Methods:
Twenty obese patients were submitted to LSG with omentopexy from July 2016 to July 2017 at the Hospital Unimed de Teresina, Brazil and was studied prospectively. Clinical evaluations, including a specific questionnaire (clinical score), upper digestive endoscopy and esophageal manometry, were performed preoperatively and on the 90th postoperative day. Contrast x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were performed after the 90th postoperative day. The Fischer exact test was used to evaluate the correlation between GER symptoms and changes in LES tone or the presence of RF. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the correlation of GER symptoms with the 2 variables together. All analyses adopted a level of significance for α errors >5% (P-value <0.05).

Results:
The mean clinical score of GER reduced from 6.7 in the preoperative period to 2.7 in the postoperative period. By manometry, there were no significant changes in the LES tone with mean values of 26.04 and 27.07 mm Hg before and after the procedure. RF was identified in 3 cases by contrast radiology. There was no statistical correlation between the changes in the LES tone or the presence of RF with the increase in the clinical score of GER (in cases where this occurred), even when the variables were evaluated together.

Conclusions:
LSG with omentopexy improved the clinical score of GER in most cases and did not cause significant changes in the LES tone. The presence of RF did not exacerbate the clinical score of GER.
Traumatic brain injury may worsen clinical outcomes after prolonged partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in severe hemorrhagic shock model
Authors: Williams Aaron M. , Bhatti Umar F. , Dennahy Isabel S. , Graham Nathan J. , Nikolian Vahagn C. , Chtraklin Kiril , Chang Panpan , Zhou Jing , Biesterveld Ben E. , Eliason Jonathan , Alam Hasan B. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND
The use of partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (pREBOA) in combined hemorrhagic shock (HS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been well studied. We hypothesized that the use of pREBOA in the setting of TBI would be associated with worse clinical outcomes.

METHODS
Female Yorkshire swine were randomized to the following groups: HS-TBI, HS-TBI-pREBOA, and HS-pREBOA (n = 5/cohort). Animals in the HS-TBI group were left in shock for a total of 2 hours, whereas animals assigned to pREBOA groups were treated with supraceliac pREBOA deployment (60 minutes) 1 hour into the shock period. All animals were then resuscitated, and physiologic parameters were monitored for 6 hours. Further fluid resuscitation and vasopressors were administered as needed. At the end of the observation period, brain hemispheric swelling (%) and lesion size (mm3) were assessed.

RESULTS
Mortality was highest in the HS-TBI-pREBOA group (40% [2/5] vs. 0% [0/5] in the other groups, p = 0.1). Severity of shock was greatest in the HS-TBI-pREBOA group, as defined by peak lactate levels and pH nadir (p < 0.05). Fluid resuscitation and norepinephrine requirements were significantly higher in the HS-TBI-pREBOA group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in brain hemispheric swelling and lesion size between the groups.

CONCLUSION
Prolonged application of pREBOA in the setting of TBI does not contribute to early worsening of brain lesion size and edema. However, the addition of TBI to HS-pREBOA may worsen the severity of shock. Providers should be aware of the potential physiologic sequelae induced by TBI.
Pediatric Outcomes in Transplant: PersOnaliSing Immunosuppression To ImproVe Efficacy (POSITIVE Study): The Collaboration and Design of a National Transplant Precision Medicine Program
Authors: Papaz Tanya , Allen Upton , Blydt-Hansen Tom , Birk Patricia E. , Min Sandar , Hamiwka Lorraine , Phan Veronique , Schechter Tal , Wall Donna A. , Urschel Simon , Foster Bethany J. , Mital Seema 
Published: November 2018

Background
Despite age-related differences in biology, physiology, and behavior, transplant immunosuppression is not tailored by age. This likely contributes to high graft failure and posttransplant complications. We present the aims, design, and methods of the Pediatric Outcomes in Transplant: PersOnaliSing Immunosuppression To ImproVe Efficacy Study aimed at personalizing posttransplant immunosuppression in children and young adults.

Methods
In this prospective observational cohort study, we recruited pediatric and young adult solid organ transplant, pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, and matched living and deceased organ donors from 14 transplant centers across Canada. Clinical data, questionnaires, biospecimens, and pharmacy records were collected at serial time points: (1) to identify genetic and host immune factors that influence immunosuppression dose requirements across different ages and transplant types, (2) to identify viral-host interactions that increase susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infection, and (3) to define care processes and structures associated with medication adherence in adolescents and young adults.

Results
From 2015 to 2018, 1662 new and prevalent transplant recipients were screened, 1166 were recruited for the various aims, including 370 liver, 445 kidney, 277 heart, 19 lung, 19 multiple, and 36 hematopoietic stem cell transplant transplants. Twelve percent were younger than 2 years, 30% were 2 to 10 years, 42% were 10 to 18 years, and 16% were 18 to 24 years at enrollment. Nine hundred thirty-one consented to participation in aims 1 and 2 (90% consent rate), 287 to aim 3 (82% consent rate). Biospecimens collected included 898 for DNA, 276 for immunoassays, and 717 for biomarker studies. Seventy percent participants have completed follow-up; 30% are pending study completion.

Conclusions
The design of this national multicenter cross-organ network helped maximize recruitment of a large patient cohort for studying age and organ-related differences in immunosuppression needs that would not otherwise be feasible. Leveraging the unique clinical, biological, environmental, and behavioral characteristics of this cohort will help develop precision medicine strategies for individualizing posttransplant immunosuppression.
Uncovering Network Architecture Using an Exact Statistical Input-Output Relation of a Neuron Model
Authors: Shomali Safura Rashid , Rasuli Seyyed Nader , Ahmadabadi Majid Nili , Shimazaki Hideaki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing observed neuronal activity, we try to unveil hidden microcircuits. A key requirement is the knowledge of statistical input-output relation of single neurons in vivo. We use a recent exact solution of spike-timing for leaky integrate-and-fire neurons under noisy inputs balanced near threshold, and construct a framework that links synaptic type/strength, and spiking nonlinearity, with statistics of neuronal activity. The framework explains structured higher-order interactions of neurons receiving common inputs under different architectures. Comparing model’s prediction with an empirical dataset of monkey V1 neurons, we find that excitatory inputs to pairs explain the observed sparse activity characterized by negative triple-wise interactions, ruling out the intuitive shared inhibition. We show that the strong interactions are in general the signature of excitatory rather than inhibitory inputs whenever spontaneous activity is low. Finally, we present a guide map that can be used to reveal the hidden motifs underlying observed interactions found in empirical data.
Assessing metacommunity processes through signatures in spatiotemporal turnover of community composition
Authors: Jabot Franck , Laroche Fabien , Massol François , Arthaud Florent , Crabot Julie , Dubart Maxime , Blanchet Simon , Munoz François , David Patrice , Datry Thibault 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough metacommunity ecology has been a major field of research in the last decades, with both conceptual and empirical outputs, the analysis of the temporal dynamics of metacommunities has only emerged recently and consists mostly of repeated static analyses. Here, we propose a novel analytical framework to assess metacommunity processes using path analyses of spatial and temporal diversity turnovers. We detail the principles and practical aspects of this framework and apply it to simulated datasets to illustrate its ability to decipher the respective contributions of entangled drivers of metacommunity dynamics. We then apply it to four empirical datasets. Empirical results support the view that metacommunity dynamics may be generally shaped by multiple ecological processes acting in concert, with environmental filtering being variable across both space and time. These results reinforce our call to go beyond static analyses of metacommunities that are blind to the temporal part of environmental variability.
Mutations in enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis restore outer membrane barrier function inEscherichia coli tol-palmutants
Authors: Jiang Xiang’Er , Tan Wee Boon , Shrivastava Rahul , Seow Deborah Chwee San , Chen Swaine Lin , Guan Xue Li , Chng Shu-Sin 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe outer membrane (OM) is an essential component of the Gram-negative bacterial envelope that protects cells against external threats. To maintain a functional OM, cells require distinct mechanisms to ensure balance of proteins and lipids in the membrane. Mutations in OM biogenesis and/or homeostasis pathways often result in permeability defects, but how molecular changes in the OM affect barrier function is unclear. Here, we seek potential mechanism(s) that can alleviate permeability defects inEscherichia colicells lacking the Tol-Pal complex, which accumulate excess PLs in the OM. We identify mutations in enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) biosynthesis that re-establish OM barrier function against large hydrophilic molecules, yet did not restore lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that build-up of biosynthetic intermediates, but not loss of ECA itself, contributes to the rescue. This suppression of OM phenotypes is unrelated to known effects that accumulation of ECA intermediates have on the cell wall. Finally, we reveal that an unusual diacylglycerol pyrophosphoryl-linked lipid species also accumulates in ECA mutants, and might play a role in the rescue phenotype. Our work provides insights into how OM barrier function can be restored independent of lipid homeostasis, and highlights previously unappreciated effects of ECA-related species in OM biology.
PARbars: cheap, easy to build ceptometers for continuous measurement of light interception in plant canopies
Authors: Salter William T. , Merchant Andrew M. , Gilbert Matthew E. , Buckley Thomas N. 
Published: November 2018

Short AbstractDetailed instructions on how to build, calibrate and collect research quality data from PARbar ceptometers are presented.Long AbstractCeptometry is a technique used to measure the transmittance of photosynthetically active radiation through a plant canopy using multiple light sensors connected in parallel on a long bar. Ceptometry is often used to infer properties of canopy structure and light interception, notably leaf area index (LAI) and effective plant area index (PAIeff). Due to the high cost of commercially available ceptometers, the number of measurements that can be taken is often limited in space and time. This limits the usefulness of ceptometry for studying genetic variability in light interception, and precludes thorough analysis of, and correction for, biases that can skew measurements depending on the time of day. We developed continuously logging ceptometers (called PARbars) that can be produced for USD $75 each and yield high quality data comparable to commercially available alternatives. Here we provide detailed instruction on how to build and calibrate PARbars, how to deploy them in the field and how to estimate PAI from collected transmittance data. We provide representative results from wheat canopies and discuss further considerations that should be made when using PARbars.
In silico prediction and characterisation of secondary metabolite clusters in the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Shi-Kunne Xiaoqian , Pedro Jové Roger de , Depotter Jasper R.L. , Ebert Malaika , Seidl Michael F. , Thomma Bart P.H.J. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTFungi are renowned producers of natural compounds, also known as secondary metabolites (SMs) that display a wide array of biological activities. Typically, the genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of SMs are located in close proximity to each other in so-called secondary metabolite clusters (SMCs). Many plant-pathogenic fungi secrete SMs during infection in order to promote disease establishment, for instance as cytocoxic compounds. Verticillium dahliae is a notorious plant pathogen that can infect over 200 host plants worldwide. However, the SM repertoire of this vascular pathogen remains mostly uncharted. To unravel the SM potential of V. dahliae, we performed in silico predictions and in-depth analyses of its SM clusters (SMC). We identified 25 potential SMCs in the V. dahliae genome, including loci that can be implicated in DHN-melanin, ferricrocin, triacetyl fusarinine and fujikurin production.
The interaction between the tumour suppressor Dlg1 and the MAGUK protein CASK is required for oriented cell division in mammalian epithelia
Authors: Porter Andrew P. , White Gavin , Mack Natalie A. , Malliri Angeliki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOriented cell divisions are important for the formation of normal epithelial structures. Dlg1, a tumour suppressor, is required for oriented cell division in Drosophila epithelia and chick neuroepithelia, but how Dlg1 is localised to the membrane and its importance in mammalian epithelia are unknown. Here we show that Dlg1 is required in non-transformed mammalian epithelial cells for oriented cell divisions, and for normal lumen formation in 3D culture. We demonstrate that CASK, a membrane-associated scaffold, is the factor responsible for Dlg1 membrane localisation during spindle orientation, and thereby identify a new cellular function for CASK. We show that depletion of CASK leads to misoriented divisions in 3D, and to the formation of multilumen structures in cultured kidney and breast epithelial cells. Blocking the direct interaction between CASK and Dlg1 with an interfering peptide disrupts spindle orientation and causes multilumen formation. We further show that the Dlg1-CASK interaction is important for the membrane localisation of the canonical LGN-NuMA complex, required for attachment of the mitotic spindle to the membrane and its correct positioning, as well as for astral microtubule stability. Together these results establish the importance of the CASK-Dlg1 interaction in oriented cell division and epithelial integrity.
Predisposing factors of teenage pregnancy in the Uganda Lake Victoria Island and Mountain districts
Authors: Tuyiragize Richard , Nzabona Abel , Asiimwe John Bosco , Kakuba Christian , Mushomi John , Maniragaba Fred 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere is a high teenage pregnancy in Lake Victoria Island and Mountain districts of Uganda. Teenage pregnancy is highly associated with abortions, infant and maternal mortality, high rate of unemployment, school failure and drop-outs and limited future career opportunities. This paper identifies and explains the factors influencing teenage pregnancy in Uganda Lake Victoria Island shoreline area and mountain districts.MethodsThe analysis focused on 405 girls aged 15–19 years, generated from the 2016 Uganda demographic and Health Survey. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and p-values were computed using appropriate logistic regression models to determine the presence and strength of associations between the teenage pregnancy and independent variables.ResultsAge, residence, secondary or higher education level, female-headed households, marital status (married), occupation, wealth index(rich quintile), and knowledge of ovulation cycle were found to have statistically significant associations with teenage pregnancy.ConclusionIncreased age, rural residence, occupation(not working), and knowledge of ovulation cycle were statistically significant predisposing factors of teenage pregnancy in Uganda Lake Victoria Island shoreline area and mountain districts. Teenagers in these study areas should be provided with sexual education as well as teenage-friendly health services at health facilities that include a wide range of options, as well as medically accurate counselling and information could mitigate teenage pregnancy.
Inhibition of Klebsiella pneumonia by a Novel Strain of Paenibacillus
Authors: Yang Muhan , Su Huijuan , Cheng Xinru , Li Xiaobo , Lian Huihui , Wang Yuqi , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is the causative agent of Klebsiella pneumonia and enteritis, and the prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains is becoming a serious public health problem. In this study, we isolated a novel strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa from the fecal extracts of healthy dogs that were challenged with K. pneumoniae. By combination of transposon mutagenesis and metabolic analysis, a nonribosomal peptide synthase gene cluster was identified to be involved in the antagonism, and the molecular weight of the compound was 1168.38 g/mol. These findings will enlarge the arsenal against drug-resistant pathogens.
Recent work on electrochemical deposition of Zn-Ni (-X) alloys for corrosion protection of steel
Authors: Fashu Simbarashe , Khan Rajwali 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThin coatings are of great importance to minimize corrosion attack of steel in different environments. A review of recent work on electrodeposition and corrosion performance of Zn-Ni-based alloys for sacrificial corrosion protection of ferrous substrates is presented. The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic comparison of the corrosion resistances of Zn-Ni alloy coatings. The review contains key and outstanding comparisons of references for the period from 2007 to 2017. Binary and ternary Zn-Ni-based alloys were compared and contrasted to provide a good knowledge basis for selection of best coating system to steel substrates.Design/methodology/approachThis article is a review article.FindingsZn-Ni-(X) alloys show great potential for replacing Cd metal in corrosion protection of steel substrates.Practical implicationsThe research on plating of binary Zn-Ni alloys from aqueous electrolytes is now well advanced and these alloys show improved corrosion resistance compared to pure Zn. Pulse plated and compositionally modulated multilayer Zn-Ni alloy coatings showed enhanced corrosion properties compared to direct plated Zn-Ni coatings of similar composition.Originality/valueThe work on electrodeposition of Zn-Ni based alloys from ionic liquids is still scarce, yet these liquids show great promise in improving corrosion resistance and reducing coating thickness when compared to aqueous electrolytes. Advanced plating techniques in ionic liquids such as electromagnetic, compositionally modulated multilayer, pulse plating, ternary alloys and composites should be considered as these electrolytes avoid water chemistry and associated defects.