bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Time‐gating to medical linear accelerator pulses: Stray radiation detector
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Ramish , Bruza Petr , Krishnaswamy Venkat , Gladstone David J. , Pogue Brian W. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeCCD cameras are employed to image scintillation and Cherenkov radiation in external beam radiotherapy. This is achieved by gating the camera to the linear accelerator (Linac) output. A direct output signal line from the linac is not always accessible and even in cases where such a signal is accessible, a physical wire connected to the output port can potentially alter Linac performance through electrical feedback. A scintillating detector for stray radiation inside the Linac room was developed to remotely time‐gate to linac pulses for camera‐based dosimetry.MethodsA scintillator coupled silicon photomultiplier detector was optimized and systematically tested for location sensitivity and for use with both x rays and electron beams, at different energies and field sizes. Cherenkov radiation emitted due to static photon beams was captured using the remote trigger and compared to the images captured using a wired trigger. The issue of false‐positive event detection, due to additional neutron activated products with high energy beams, was addressed.ResultsThe designed circuit provided voltage >2.5 V even for distances up to 3 m from the isocenter with a 6 MV, 5 × 5 cm beam, using a Ø3 × 20 mm3 Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal. With a larger scintillator size, the detector could be placed even beyond 3 m distance. False‐positive triggering was reduced by a coincidence detection scheme. Negligible fluctuations were observed in time‐gated imaging of Cherenkov intensity emitted from a water phantom, when comparing directly connected vs this remote triggering approach.ConclusionThe remote detector provides untethered synchronization to linac pulses. It is especially useful for remote Cherenkov imaging or remote scintillator dosimetry imaging during radiotherapeutic procedures when a direct line signal is not accessible.
A branch‐and‐price algorithm for the rainbow cycle cover problems
Authors: Yüceoğlu Birol , Şahin Güvenç 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA rainbow cycle in an undirected edge‐colored graph is a cycle in which all edges have different colors. A rainbow cycle cover of a graph is a set of disjoint rainbow cycles, where each vertex belongs to exactly one cycle. The objective of the rainbow cycle cover problem is to minimize the number of rainbow cycles used to cover the vertices of the graph while the trivial cycle version also keeps the number of isolated vertices (called trivial rainbow cycles) at minimum. We present a branch‐and‐price procedure with column generation to solve both versions of the rainbow cycle cover problem. We compare our results with the literature in terms of computational performance. We also discuss two approaches to possibly improve the performance of the branch‐and‐price procedure.
Marked thrombocytopenia in a neonate is associated with anti‐HPA‐5b, anti‐HLA‐A31, and anti‐HLA‐B55 antibodies
Authors: Okubo Mitsuo , Nishida Eriko , Watanabe Akiko , Nishizaki Naoto , Obinata Kaoru , Azuma Fumihiro , Matsuhashi Mika , Watanabe‐Okochi Naoko , Tsuno Nelson Hirokazu , Miyake Kazunori , Yamaguchi Minoru , Yoshida Koyo , Ohsaka Akimichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMaternal antibodies against human platelet antigen (HPA) and/or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cause fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in 0.09‐0.15% of live births. Severe cases account for 5‐31% and the frequency of multiple kinds of alloantibodies is 6.9‐9% of FNAIT. We present a case of severe FNAIT associated with anti‐HPA‐5b, anti‐HLA‐A31, and anti‐HLA‐B55 antibodies, successfully treated with immunoglobulin and platelet transfusion. The anti‐HLA‐B55 antibody was detected in the newborn's serum, but disappeared on the 20th day, which was followed by an increase of the platelet count. These findings suggested the potential involvement of an anti‐HLA antibody in the pathogenesis of FNAIT.
Helicobacter pylori Growth Stage Determines the Size, Protein Composition, and Preferential Cargo Packaging of Outer Membrane Vesicles
Authors: Zavan Lauren , Bitto Natalie J , Johnston Ella L. , Greening David W. , Kaparakis‐Liaskos Maria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGram‐negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as part of their normal growth that contain a range of cargo from their parent bacterium, including DNA, RNA, and proteins. The protein content of OMVs is suggested to be similar in composition to various sub‐cellular locations of their parent bacterium. However, very little is known regarding the effect of bacterial growth stage on the size, content, and selective packaging of proteins into OMVs. In this study, the global proteome of Helicobacter pylori and their OMVs throughout bacterial growth are examined to determine if bacterial growth stage affected OMV cargo composition. Analysis of OMVs produced by H. pylori reveals that bacterial growth stage affects the size, composition, and selection of protein cargo into OMVs. Proteomic analysis identifies that the proteome of H. pylori OMVs is vastly different throughout bacterial growth and that OMVs contain a range of proteins compared to their parent bacteria. In addition, bacterial growth stage affects the ability of OMVs to induce the production of IL‐8 by human epithelial cells. Therefore, the findings identify that the size, proteome, and immunogenicity of OMVs produced during various stages of bacterial growth is not comparable. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of considering the bacterial growth stage from which OMVs are isolated, as this will impact their size, protein composition, and ultimately their biological functions.
Application of psychological theories on the role of gender in caregiving to psycho‐oncology research
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Mitchell Hannah‐Rose , Ting Amanda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundCancer affects both men and women, yet systematic understanding of the role of gender in caregiving and dyadic caregiver‐patient interactions is lacking. Thus, it may be useful to review how gender theories apply to cancer caregiving and to evaluate the adequacy of current cancer caregiving studies to the gender theories.MethodsSeveral databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), PsychINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL, were used for searching articles published in English between 2000 and 2016. The search was restricted by age (≥18) and yielded 602 articles, which were subject to further screen and review based on selection criteria. Of 108 full texts reviewed to determine inclusion eligibility for this review, 55 met the criteria and included for review.ResultsThe reviewed studies supported the “gender role” and “doing gender” perspectives for caregiver selection. The role identity, role strain, and transactional stress theories were supported for predicting caregiving outcomes at the individual level. Furthermore, attachment, self‐determination, and interdependence theories incorporated caregiver factors that predicted the patients' outcomes, and vice versa.ConclusionDespite limited gender theory‐driven research in cancer caregiving and psycho‐oncology in general, the utility of gender theories in (a) identifying subgroups of caregiver‐patient dyads who are vulnerable to the adverse effects of cancer in the family and (b) developing evidence‐based interventions is promising. Integrating broader issues of medical trajectory, lifespan, sociocultural, and biological factors in gender‐oriented research and practice in psycho‐oncology is encouraged.
Characterization of sulfoxaflor resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
Authors: Liao Xun , Jin Ruoheng , Zhang Xiaolei , Ali Ehsan , Mao Kaikai , Xu Pengfei , Li Jianhong , Wan Hu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfoxaflor is a new insecticide for controlling Nilaparvata lugens in the field. This study was conducted to investigate the risk of resistance development, the cross‐resistance spectrum and the mechanisms of sulfoxaflor resistance in N. lugens.RESULTSA sulfoxaflor‐resistant strain was obtained from a field population by successive selection with sulfoxaflor for 39 generations in the laboratory. Sulfoxaflor‐resistant populations showed significant levels of cross‐resistance to dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid and cycloxaprid. However, they exhibited only minor or no cross‐resistance to isoprocarb, etofenprox, chlorpyrifos, triflumezopyrim and buprofezin. Sulfoxaflor was synergized by the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in the sulfoxaflor‐resistant strain (SFX‐SEL) with 2.69‐fold relative synergistic ratios compared with the unselected strain (UNSEL). Compared with UNSEL, the P450 enzyme activity of SFX‐SEL was increased 3.50 times, and eight P450 genes were upregulated more than 2.0‐fold in SFX‐SEL. RNAi reduced the expression of CYP6ER1 (36.87‐fold change) and significantly enhanced the susceptibility of SFX‐SEL to sulfoxaflor.CONCLUSIONResistance development and cross‐resistance risk of sulfoxaflor‐resistance in N. lugens is evident. The enhanced detoxification of P450 enzymes caused by upregulation of several P450 genes is considered to be the metabolic resistance mechanism. These results suggest that CYP6ER1 might play an important role in sulfoxaflor resistance in N. lugens. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Adaptive state observers for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors
Authors: Ortega R. , Sarr A. , Bobtsov A. , Bahri I. , Diallo D. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we address the problem of state observation for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors (SRMs), that is, the regulation of the motor measuring only the voltage and the current of the electrical supply. Instrumental for the construction of the observer is the derivation of algebraic relations, which define regression models, between the unknown rotor flux and the measured quantities. With the knowledge of the flux, it is shown that the mechanical coordinates can be estimated with suitably tailored adaptive nonlinear observers. Replacing the observed states, in a certainty equivalent manner, with a full information stabilizing law completes the sensorless controller design. In contrast with other motors, there is no universally accepted mathematical model to describe the dynamics of SRMs. To widen our target audience, we present the results for four different mathematical models reported in the literature. Simulation results with a precise (finite element) model of the SRM are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed observer and sensorless control.
Adaptive reliable guaranteed performance control of uncertain nonlinear systems by using exponent‐dependent barrier Lyapunov function
Authors: Xi Changjiang , Dong Jiuxiang 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates the issue of adaptive reliable tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear parametric strict‐feedback systems under actuator faults. To guarantee better transient performance of adaptive systems especially when actuator faults occur, a novel prescribed performance bounds (PPBs) method based on exponent‐dependent barrier Lyapunov function is developed. Differing from the existing results where the control schemes have introduced the strictly monotone smooth function to achieve constrained error transformation, the proposed PPBs scheme is designed by using the time‐varying barriers to constrain the error trajectories, which accurately characterizes the convergence rates and convergence bounds of errors. Finally, under the framework of backstepping technique and Lyapunov stability theorem, an adaptive reliable controller is designed to ensure that all the closed‐loop signals are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded with the tracking errors converging to the specified PPBs. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
CuAl Hydrotalcite Formed CuAl‐Mixed Metal Oxides for Photocatalytic Removal of Rhodamine B and Cr(VI)
Authors: Mao Na , Jiao Yi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMixed metal oxides (MMOs) are important semiconductor photocatalysts for water treatment, such as removal of organic dyes and metal ions. In this paper, CuAl hydrotalcite‐like compounds (CuAl‐HTLcs) were synthesized by the coprecipitation method using Al(NO3)3⋅9H2O and Cu (NO3)2⋅3H2O as raw materials. Cu2O/Cu2Al2O4mixed metal oxides (MMO) were prepared by calcining CuAl‐HTLcs at 900 °C. The obtained composites were characterized by various methods, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), among others. Their photocatalytic activities towards removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) were evaluated by spectrophotometry, XRD revealed that CuAl‐MMO composites were composed of high crystallinity Cu2O and Cu2Al2O4 grains. DRS showed the strong ultraviolet absorption ability of the composites. The electrochemical testing demonstrated CuAl‐MMO composites with good photocatalytic activities towards the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) under ultraviolet light, with reaction rate constants determined as 0.41 h−1 and 0.49 h−1, respectively. The relevant photocatalytic activities of CuAl‐MMO composites were attributed to the synergy between the two components. Overall, these data look promising for future use of CuAl‐MMO as an important photocatalyst for water remediation.
A survey on online kernel selection for online kernel learning
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liao Yun , Liao Shizhong 
Published: November 2018

Online kernel selection is fundamental to online kernel learning. In contrast to offline kernel selection, online kernel selection intermixes kernel selection and training at each round of online kernel learning, and requires a sublinear regret bound and low computational complexity. In this paper, we first compare the difference between offline kernel selection and online kernel selection, then survey existing online kernel selection approaches from the perspectives of formulation, algorithm, candidate kernels, computational complexities and regret guarantees, and finally point out some future research directions in online kernel selection.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Machine Learning
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
A new methodology for the determination of silicon in plants by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Gazulla Maria Fernanda , Orduña Mónica , Rodrigo Marta , Ventura Maria Jesús 
Published: November 2018

Silicon is an important element for plants at their structure and physiology and plays an important role in bone mineralization and soft tissue development in human beings. Furthermore, its determination is being requested more frequently due to nutritional requirements. However, the methods found in the literature to determine silicon in this type of samples require a sample preparation step, which makes them time‐consuming and provides high uncertainties.In this paper, a method for the determination of silicon in plants by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WD‐XRF) spectrometry has been developed. Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) and nettle leaf (Urtica dioica) have been used as a source of silicon due to its medical use. Sample preparation involved calcining the sample at 700°C and preparing fused beads from the calcined sample. Calibration standards for WD‐XRF measurement were prepared by mixing certified reference materials and chemical products to reproduce the samples matrix. The linear range for silicon concentration ranges from 6 to 55 wt% SiO2. The validation of the method was performed measuring a reference material (NCS DC73349 Bush branches and leaves) and comparing the results obtained by WD‐XRF with those obtained by an independent method by atomic absorption spectrometry.The developed methodology is rapid and accurate, provides low uncertainties, and is environmentally friendly, as it does require the use of less hazardous reagents.
Gyroscopic stabilization of a class of circulatory systems
Authors: Pommer Christian , Kliem Wolfhard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA few examples in the literature show that unstable circulatory systems can be stabilized by gyroscopic forces. But to our knowledge no general theory has been presented. In our paper we will generate a class of unstable circulatory systems which can be stabilized gyroscopically. For circulatory systems the stability will always be marginal. Therefore we can use a theorem on marginally stable systems which the authors have developed in an earlier paper. Examples will demonstrate the synthesis of the relevant circulatory systems and the stabilizing procedure.
Introduction
Authors: Romano Gabriella 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter introduces the case of G., a man interned in Collegno (near Turin) in 1928 because of his “homosexual tendencies”. It illustrates the research methodology and then succinctly talks about the legal issues connected with research on sexuality in Italy, in terms of legislation on data protection and privacy legislation. It also gives an explanation of why the subject of the persecution of homosexuality during Mussolini’s dictatorship has not been investigated until very recent times, highlighting the problematic aspects of memory of Fascism and of the Shoah in Italy.
To close or not to close? A systematic review and meta-analysis of wound closure in appendicectomy
Authors: Hureibi Khalid , Abraham Pradip , Al-Sunidar Osama , Alaraimi Badriya , Elzaidi Elgeilani 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background/objective:
Published studies have shown conflicting results regarding the rate of wound infection between primary and delayed closures in open appendicectomy. This meta-analysis was performed with the aim to summarize all available evidence.

Methods:
A literature search was carried out using Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from inception to January 2018. Randomized controlled studies that compared primary closure (PC) to delayed closure (DC) in appendicectomy were included. Pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model when there was no heterogeneity identified.

Results:
Of the 471 retrieved studies, eight met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. These trials included 1,263 patients, of whom 623 patients underwent delayed closure and 640 primary closure. Surgical Site Infections SSI rates were not significantly different between the DC and PC groups (16.25% & 12.68% respectively. OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.23-1.54. There was a high heterogeneity among the analyzed studies (I2=82%).

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis found no benefit in performing delayed primary closure over primary closure in open appendicectomy.

Highlights:
PlayBionic: Game‐Based Interventions to Encourage Patient Engagement and Performance in Prosthetic Motor Rehabilitation
Authors: Prahm Cosima , Kayali Fares , Sturma Agnes , Aszmann Oskar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundProsthetic motor rehabilitation usually relies on the highly repetitive training of movements. Patients might drop out of training because the rehabilitation process is long and often discouraging. Game‐based interventions provide a potentially useful alternative to standard myoelectric (electromyographic [EMG]) training and can increase engagement with training.ObjectiveTo assess the short‐term impact of a game‐based rehabilitation protocol on parameters for EMG control, evaluate how game‐based interventions affect patient motivation, performance, and effort, and compare the game‐based intervention with a standard tool in rehabilitation (MyoBoy).DesignThis randomized controlled trial included 2 patient groups and 1 control group. After establishing a baseline, the 2 patient groups received different interventions that were compared with each other and with the able‐bodied control group.SettingUniversity hospital‐based study.ParticipantsFourteen patients with traumatic transradial or transhumeral upper extremity amputation and 10 able‐bodied participants.MethodsFor the game‐based intervention, EMG proficiency was assessed before and after playing the games and 2 days later as follow‐up to measure retention rate. EMG proficiency was measured using maximum voluntary contraction, proportional precision control, signal separation, and muscle endurance. Questionnaires for rating the game‐based intervention and intrinsic motivation were provided after the intervention.OutcomesOutcome measures for EMG proficiency were provisional maximum voluntary muscle contraction, precise proportional control, electrode separation, and muscle endurance. Quantitative outcome measures for participant experience were intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, pressure, exerted effort, and usefulness of the intervention. The qualitative outcome measure was the surveyed attitude toward the game‐based intervention.ResultsResults showed an overall improvement in EMG control, fine muscle activation, and electrode separation. Patients stated that racing games provided slightly more fun, but rhythm‐based games were considered to provide better challenges for EMG control.ConclusionGame‐based interventions provide a useful addition to standard EMG training and can achieve better results in clinical outcome measures. The racing and music game genres provide solid starting points for interventions. Further studies can look at a wider range of genres and identify more specific game mechanics suitable for training.Level of EvidenceI
A weak convergence approach to inventory control using a long-term average criterion
Authors: Helmes K. L. , Stockbridge R. H. , Zhu C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper we continue the examination of inventory control in which the inventory is modeled by a diffusion process and a long-term average cost criterion is used to make decisions. The class of such models under consideration has general drift and diffusion coefficients, and boundary points that are consistent with the notion that demand should tend to reduce the inventory level. The conditions on the cost functions are greatly relaxed from those in Helmes et al. (2017). Characterization of the cost of a general (s, S) policy as a function of two variables naturally leads to a nonlinear optimization problem over the ordering levels s and S. Existence of an optimizing pair (s*, S*) is established for these models under very weak conditions; nonexistence of an optimizing pair is also discussed. Using average expected occupation and ordering measures and weak convergence arguments, weak conditions are given for the optimality of the (s*, S*) ordering policy in the general class of admissible policies. The analysis involves an auxiliary function that is globally C2 and which, together with the infimal cost, solves a particular system of linear equations and inequalities related to but different from the long-term average Hamilton‒Jacobi‒Bellman equation. This approach provides an analytical solution to the problem rather than a solution involving intricate analysis of the stochastic processes. The range of applicability of these results is illustrated on a drifted Brownian motion inventory model, both unconstrained and reflected, and on a geometric Brownian motion inventory model under two different cost structures.
Renewal theorems for processes with dependent interarrival times
Authors: Kombrink Sabrina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper we develop renewal theorems for point processes with interarrival times ξ(Xn+1Xn…), where (Xn)n∈ℤ is a stochastic process with finite state space Σ and ξ:ΣA→ℝ is a Hölder continuous function on a subset ΣA⊂Σℕ. The theorems developed here unify and generalise the key renewal theorem for discrete measures and Lalley's renewal theorem for counting measures in symbolic dynamics. Moreover, they capture aspects of Markov renewal theory. The new renewal theorems allow for direct applications to problems in fractal and hyperbolic geometry, for instance to the problem of Minkowski measurability of self-conformal sets.