bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multitransmit external body array combined with a 1H and 31P endorectal coil to enable a multiparametric and multimetabolic MRI examination of the prostate at 7T
Authors: Philips Bart W. J. , van Uden Mark J. , Rietsch Stefan H. G. , Orzada Stephan , Scheenen Tom W. J. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeIn vivo 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) provide complementary information on the biology of prostate cancer. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of performing multiparametric imaging (mpMRI) and 1H and 31P spectroscopic imaging of the prostate using a 31P and 1H endorectal radiofrequency coil (ERC) in combination with a multitransmit body array at 7 Tesla (T).MethodsAn ERC with a 31P transceiver loop coil and 1H receive (Rx) asymmetric microstrip (31P/1H ERC) was designed, constructed and tested in combination with an external 8‐channel 1H transceiver body array coil (8CH). Electromagnetic field simulations and measurements and in vivo temperature measurements of the ERC were performed for safety validation. In addition, the signal‐to‐noise (SNR) benefit of the 1H microstrip with respect to the 8CH was evaluated. Finally, the feasibility of the setup was tested in one volunteer and three patients with prostate cancer by performing T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted imaging in combination with 1H and 31P spectroscopic imaging.ResultsElectromagnetic field simulations of the 31P loop coil showed no differences in the E‐ and B‐fields of the 31P/1H ERC compared with a previously safety validated ERC without 1H microstrip. The hotspot of the specific absorption rate (SAR) at the feed point of the 31P/1H ERC loop coil was 9.42 W/kg when transmitting on 31P at 1 W. Additional in vivo measurements showed a maximum temperature increase at the SAR hotspot of 0.7°C over 6 min on 31P at 1.9 W transmit (Tx) power, indicating safe maximum power levels. When transmitting with the external 1H body array at 40W for 2:30 min, the temperature increase around the ERC was < 0.3°C. Up to 3.5 cm into the prostate the 1H microstrip of the ERC provided higher SNR than the 8CH. The total coil combination allowed acquisition of an mpMRI protocol and the assessment of 31P and 1H metabolites of the prostate in all test subjects.ConclusionWe developed a setup with a 31P transceiver and 1H Rx endorectal coil in combination with an 8‐channel transceiver external body array coil and demonstrated its safety and feasibility for obtaining multiparametric imaging and 1H and 31P MRSI at 7T in patients with prostate cancer within one MR examination.
Space‐variant deconvolution of Cerenkov light images acquired from a curved surface
Authors: Brost Eric , Watanabe Yoichi 
Published: July 2019

PurposeCerenkov photons are generated by high‐energy radiation used in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). This study expands upon the Cerenkov light dosimetry formula previously developed to relate an image of Cerenkov photons to the primary beam fluence. Extension of this formulation allows for deconvolution to be performed on images acquired from curved geometries.MethodsThe integral equation, which represented the formation of Cerenkov photon image from an incident high‐energy photon beam, was expanded to allow for space‐variance of the convolution kernel called as the Cerenkov scatter function (CSF). The GAMOS (Geant4‐based Architecture for Medicine‐Oriented Simulations) Monte Carlo (MC) particle simulation software was used to obtain the CSF for different incident beam angles. The image of a curved surface was first projected to a flat plane by using a perspective correction method. Then, the planar image was partitioned into small segments (or blocks), where a CSF corresponding to a specific beam incident angle was applied for deconvolution. The block size and the margin around the block were optimized by studying the effects of those parameters on the deconvolution accuracy for a test image. We evaluated three deconvolution techniques: Richardson–Lucy, Blind, and Total Variation minimization (TV/L2) algorithms, to select the most accurate method for the current applications.ResultsAnalysis of deconvolution algorithms showed that the TV/L2 method provided the most accurate solution to the deconvolution problem for Cerenkov imaging. Optimization of space‐variant deconvolution parameters showed that including a margin that is at least 42.9% of the image width provided the most accurate product image. There was no optimal size for the deconvolution area and should be chosen based on the presence of unique CSF kernels within an image. Space‐variant deconvolution improved measured field size in Cerenkov photon images by 7.37%, as compared with 1.74% by space‐invariant deconvolution. Space‐variant deconvolution improved measured penumbra by 99.3%, as compared with 76.7% by space‐invariant deconvolution. Space‐variant deconvolution introduced artifacts in flat regions of the beam. Artifacts were avoided through selective space‐variant deconvolution in only the penumbra region.ConclusionsPrimary photon fluence distributions of a curved surface can be obtained by using space‐variant deconvolution methods in Cerenkov light dosimetry. The TV/L2 algorithm is the best method for deconvolution of Cerenkov photon images from an open‐field beam derived from either a flat or curved surface. The partition size chosen for space‐variant deconvolution should be at least six times the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the corresponding scatter kernel used in deconvolution. Space‐variant deconvolution is necessary if the incident beam angle difference is larger than 6 between regions of an image.
Phase I dose‐escalation study of volasertib in pediatric patients with acute leukemia or advanced solid tumors
Authors: Doz François , Locatelli Franco , Baruchel André , Blin Nicolas , De Moerloose Barbara , Frappaz Didier , Dworzak Michael , Fischer Matthias , Stary Jan , Fuertig Rene , Riemann Kathrin , Taube Tillmann , Reinhardt Dirk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundVolasertib induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis by targeting Polo‐like kinases. In this phase I dose‐escalation study, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary efficacy of volasertib were determined in pediatric patients.MethodsPatients aged 2 to <18 years with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia/advanced solid tumors (ST) without available effective treatments were enrolled—cohort C1 (aged 2 to <12 years); cohort C2 (aged 12 to <18 years). The patients received volasertib intravenously (starting dose: 200 mg/m2 body surface area on day 1, every 14 days). The primary endpoint was the pediatric MTD for further development.ResultsTwenty‐two patients received treatment (C1: leukemia, n = 4; ST, n = 8; C2: leukemia, n = 3; ST, n = 7). No dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurred up to 300 mg/m2 volasertib in C1; two patients in C2, at 250 mg/m2 volasertib, had DLTs in cycle 1, one of which led to death; therefore, the MTD of volasertib in C2 was 200 mg/m2. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events (all patients) were febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia (41% each). Stable disease (SD) was the best objective response (leukemia, n = 5; ST, n = 2); the duration of SD was short in all patients, except in one with an ST. PK profiles were generally comparable across dose groups and were consistent with those in adults.ConclusionThe pediatric MTD/dose for further development was identified. There were no unexpected safety or PK findings; limited antitumor/antileukemic activity was demonstrated.
Risk estimation of uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 or 15 in a fetus with a parent carrying a non‐homologous Robertsonian translocation. Should we still perform prenatal diagnosis?
Authors: Moradkhani Kamran , Cuisset Laurence , Boisseau Pierre , Pichon Olivier , Lebrun Marine , Hamdi‐Rozé Houda , Maurin Marie‐Laure , Gruchy Nicolas , Manca‐Pellissier Marie‐Christine , Malzac Perrine , Bilan Frédéric , Audrezet Marie‐Pierre , Saugier‐Veber Pascale , Fauret‐Amsellem Anne‐Laure , Missirian Chantal , Kuentz Paul , Egea Gregory , Guichet Agnès , Creveaux Isabelle , Janel Caroline , Harzallah Ines , Touraine Renaud , Goumy Carole , Joyé Nicole , Puechberty Jacques , Haquet Emmanuelle , Chantot‐Bastaraud Sandra , Schmitt Sébastien , Gosset Philippe , Duban‐Bedu Bénédicte , Delobel Bruno , Vago Philippe , Vialard François , Gomes Denise Molina , Siffroi Jean‐Pierre , Bonnefont Jean‐Paul , Dupont Jean‐Michel , Jonveaux Philippe , Doco‐Fenzy Martine , Sanlaville Damien , Le Caignec Cédric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveUniparental disomy (UPD) testing is currently recommended during pregnancy in fetuses carrying a balanced Robertsonian translocation (ROB) involving chromosome 14 or 15, both chromosomes containing imprinted genes. The overall risk that such a fetus presents a UPD has been previously estimated to be around ~0.6‐0.8%. However, because UPD are rare events and this estimate has been calculated from a number of studies of limited size, we have reevaluated the risk of UPD in fetuses for whom one of the parents was known to carry a nonhomologous ROB (NHROB).MethodWe focused our multicentric study on NHROB involving chromosome 14 and/or 15. A total of 1747 UPD testing were performed in fetuses during pregnancy for the presence of UPD(14) and/or UPD(15).ResultAll fetuses were negative except one with a UPD(14) associated with a maternally inherited rob(13;14).ConclusionConsidering these data, the risk of UPD following prenatal diagnosis of an inherited ROB involving chromosome 14 and/or 15 could be estimated to be around 0.06%, far less than the previous estimation. Importantly, the risk of miscarriage following an invasive prenatal sampling is higher than the risk of UPD. Therefore, we do not recommend prenatal testing for UPD for these pregnancies and parents should be reassured.
A global survey of freshwater biological field stations
Authors: Tydecks Laura , Ibelings Bastiaan W. , Tockner Klement 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFreshwaters are among the most diverse and dynamic ecosystems globally, while also being among the most threatened systems. Freshwater biological field stations (FW‐BFS) are key facilities for research, monitoring, and education. However, high quality data and information on the status and roles of FW‐BFS are lacking. Based on the results of a questionnaire, we present information on the current situation of 134 FW‐BFS around the world. The results show that FW‐BFS conduct more short‐term (1,335) than long‐term research projects (583), offer programmes for visiting researchers, and collaborate within networks and among each other, as well as with educational, non‐governmental, and governmental stakeholders. However, FW‐BFS report a lack of sustainable funding and emphasize maintenance and expansion of research facilities and equipment as key challenges. At the same time, FW‐BFS envision an expansion of their current research scope, as well as an increase in their public visibility. Adequate financial support for FW‐BFS is a prerequisite to pursue research programmes at local, regional, and global scales, foster outreach activities, attract staff and visitors, maintain their infrastructure, and strengthen their collaboration activities.
Fighting for time: Spillover and crossover effects of long work hours among dual‐earner couples
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Peng Yisheng , Zhao Peng , Hayes Richard , Jimenez William P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrawing upon the spillover–crossover model, this study examined the extent to which one's work time demands spilled over to the family domain and crossed over to his or her spouse, utilizing data of 365 dual‐earner couples from the 500 Family Study. The results of the distinguishable actor–partner interdependence model indicated that there was gender symmetry in the spillover processes such that the effects of work hours were identical between men and women. Further, although there was more bidirectional crossover between partners within couples, we observed some unidirectional crossover from husbands to wives. Specifically, husbands only increased their contribution to domestic work in response to wives' work fatigue, whereas wives increased their contribution to domestic work in response to husbands' work fatigue and high workloads. Finally, husbands' housework hours negatively related to wives' marital satisfaction and positively related to wives' depression, whereas wives' housework hours negatively related to husbands' marital satisfaction and depression. These findings have practical implications for improving the work–family balance, health, and well‐being of dual‐earner couples.
Mechanical behavior of concrete using seawater and sea‐sand with recycled coarse aggregates
Authors: Xiao Jianzhuang , Zhang Qingtian , Zhang Peng , Shen Luming , Qiang Chengbing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdopting locally available seawater and sea‐sand to produce concrete in marine and coastal projects is considered sustainable in concrete industry. This paper studies the mechanical behavior of seawater sea‐sand concrete (SSC) and explores the feasibility of mixing SSC with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). The early‐age cracking and mechanical behaviors of SSC with or without the addition of RCA are experimentally studied. The results demonstrate that, compared with conventional concrete, the compressive strength of SSC with natural coarse aggregate (SSNAC) at 7 days increases by 36–76%, and the compressive strength at 28 days is similar while the compressive strength at 180 days decreases by 3.7–10.2%. The addition of seawater and sea‐sand improves the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete, but deteriorates the early‐age cracking behavior. Furthermore, the stress–strain relationship of SSNAC is analyzed, and applicability of the existing model is evaluated.
Synthetic microbial consortia for biosynthesis and biodegradation: promises and challenges
Authors: Che Shun , Men Yujie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Functional differentiation and metabolite exchange enable microbial consortia to perform complex metabolic tasks and efficiently cycle the nutrients. Inspired by the cooperative relationships in environmental microbial consortia, synthetic microbial consortia have great promise for studying the microbial interactions in nature and more importantly for various engineering applications. However, challenges coexist with promises, and the potential of consortium-based technologies is far from being fully harnessed. Thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of microbial interactions is greatly needed for the rational design and optimization of defined consortia. These knowledge gaps could be potentially filled with the assistance of the ongoing revolution in systems biology and synthetic biology tools. As current fundamental and technical obstacles down the road being removed, we would expect new avenues with synthetic microbial consortia playing important roles in biological and environmental engineering processes such as bioproduction of desired chemicals and fuels, as well as biodegradation of persistent contaminants.
Exact strip postbuckling analysis of composite plates under compression and shear
Authors: Zhao K. , Kennedy D. , Featherston C.A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTStiffened wing and fuselage panels often have a postbuckling reserve of strength, enabling them to carry loads far in excess of their critical buckling loads. Therefore allowing for postbuckling in design can reduce their weight, hence reducing fuel consumption and environmental impact. The present paper extends the postbuckling analysis in the exact strip software VICONOPT to more accurately reflect the skewed mode shapes arising from shear load and anisotropy. Such mode shapes are represented by a series of sinusoidal responses with different half-wavelengths which are coupled together using Lagrangian multipliers to enforce the boundary conditions. In postbuckling analysis the in-plane deflections involve responses with additional half-wavelengths which are absent from the out-of-plane deflection series. Numerical results are presented and compared with finite element analysis for validation. The present analysis gives close results compared to the finite element and finite strip methods and saves computational time significantly.
Exploring the experiences and needs of homeless aboriginal and torres strait islander peoples with neurocognitive disability
Authors: Townsend Clare , McIntyre Michelle , Wright Courtney J. , Lakhani Ali , White Paul , Cullen Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:The current study explored the experiences and aspirations of a cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults with neurocognitive disability residing in a homeless shelter in regional Queensland, Australia. Neurocognitive disability (NCD) refers to any acquired disorder or injury to the brain where the primary clinical deficit is in cognitive function.Method:The data reported on in this paper emerged from a broader study that aimed to understand the extent and nature of neurocognitive disability amongst homeless Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The broader study found high levels of NCD which impacted on people’s ability to participate in society. As part of the study, qualitative information was sought regarding participant life experiences. A culturally safe and acceptable structure of “past, present and future” was applied to open-ended questions.Results:Thematic analysis of the data identified four broad themes of i) normalisation of illness and disability; ii) trauma and loss; iii) socioeconomic disadvantage; and iv) hope and disempowerment. This paper reports on these themes and experiences, which occurred across the life span, intersected with NCD, and contributed to what we have termed ‘complex disablement’ amongst this cohort.Conclusions:While causal links between life experience, disability and disablement are not always clear, our findings suggest that attempts to address homelessness must engage with this complexity. The application of holistic, intersectoral supports, which encompass culturally informed, community driven approaches are needed. Understanding the impacts of individual and intergenerational trauma is crucial to safe and effective service provision for this cohort.
A Systematic Review of Techniques Employed for Determining Mental Health Using Social Media in Psychological Surveillance During Disasters
Authors: Karmegam Dhivya , Ramamoorthy Thilagavathi , Mappillairajan Bagavandas 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDuring disasters, people share their thoughts and emotions on social media and also provide information about the event. Mining the social media messages and updates can be helpful in understanding the emotional state of people during such unforeseen events as they are real-time data. The objective of this review is to explore the feasibility of using social media data for mental health surveillance as well as the techniques used for determining mental health using social media data during disasters. PubMed, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES databases were searched from 2009 to November 2018 for primary research studies. After screening and analyzing the records, 18 studies were included in this review. Twitter was the widely researched social media platform for understanding the mental health of people during a disaster. Psychological surveillance was done by identifying the sentiments expressed by people or the emotions they displayed in their social media posts. Classification of sentiments and emotions were done using lexicon-based or machine learning methods. It is not possible to conclude that a particular technique is the best performing one, because the performance of any method depends upon factors such as the disaster size, the volume of data, disaster setting, and the disaster web environment.
Constructive emotions? Patriotism as a predictor of civic activity in Poland
Authors: Marzęcki Radosław 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn many post-communist countries, the concept of patriotism is used instrumentally in populist discourses. It is rarely the subject of a substantive public debate, in which symbolic elites would be able to openly discuss and negotiate the scope of its meaning in front of an interested audience. A long-term plan to shape constructive civil attitudes gives way to the pressure of being effective in current politics. The author proposes to look at the category of patriotism in a socially useful way and to treat it as an important factor in the process of building a civil society. The young generation can play a significant role in this process. Poland seems to be an interesting case for the analysis of this research problem. This paper has two objectives. The descriptive objective is to present the author's research data on a sense and understanding of patriotism among Polish students. Its aim is to describe the prevailing pattern of patriotic attitudes and ideas about patriotism as shared by students. The explanatory objective of this paper is to answer the question about the constructive potential of patriotism: whether and to what extent it is an important determinant of civic activity. The results obtained should lead to practical conclusions that may be useful for various social institutions which are interested in releasing the positive energy of citizens and orienting them to functional goals, that is, the education system, as well as for political institutions that design and implement elements of the so-called youth policy.
Connecting the “Inside” and the “Outside” World: Convict Labour and Mobile Penal Camps in Colonial Senegal (1930s–1950s)
Authors: Tiquet Romain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the late 1930s, three mobile penal camps were established in the French colony of Senegal in order to assemble convicts with long sentences and compel them to work outside the prison. Senegalese penal camps were thus a place both of confinement and of circulation for convicts who constantly moved out of the prison to work on the roads. This article argues that the penal camps were spaces of multiple and antagonistic forms of mobility that blurred the divide between the “inside” and the “outside” world. The mobility of penal camps played a key role in the hazardous living and working conditions that penal labourers experienced. However, convict labourers were not unresponsive and a range of protests emerged, from breakout to self-mutilation. These individual and intentional forms of mobility and immobility threw a spanner in the works of the day-to-day functioning of Senegalese penal camps and, more broadly, in the colonial project ofmise en valeur.