bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of repeated transvenous lead extraction
Authors: Fu Haixia , Ho Gordon , Yang Mei , Huang Xinmiao , Fender Erin A. , Mulpuru Siva , Asirvatham Roshini , Pretorius Victor G. , Friedman Paul A. , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika , Cha Yong‐Mei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe outcomes of repeated cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) lead extraction have not been well studied. We sought to determine the indications, outcomes, and safety of repeated lead extraction procedures.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted using data from two medical centers, including 38 patients who had undergone two or more lead extraction procedures compared to 439 patients who had a single procedure. The electronic medical records and procedural databases were reviewed to determine the indications, procedural characteristics, and outcomes. The outcomes of the first procedure were compared to the outcomes of subsequent procedures.ResultsThe 5‐year cumulative probability of a repeated extraction procedure was 11% (95% confidence interval, 7%–15%). In 439 patients who underwent single lead extractions, 72% had device and lead related infections as the procedure indication compared to 39% for 38 patients who underwent repeated extraction (P < 0.001). The mean duration from device reimplant to repeated extraction procedures was 63 ± 48 months. Ninety‐eight percent of the leads were removed completely in repeated procedures, similar to the 95% success rate of the first procedure (P = 0.51). There was no significant difference in major complication rate in the first or repeated extractions (2.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.79).ConclusionsRepeated transvenous lead extraction is not uncommon. It had a high success rate comparable to that of the initial procedure and was not associated with an increased incidence of adverse events.
Longitudinal characteristics of resilience among adolescents: A high school student cohort study to assess the psychological impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Okuyama Junko , Funakoshi Shunichi , Tomita Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Matsuoka Hiroo 
Published: July 2018

AimResilience, the ability to cope with disasters and significant life adversity, is an important factor to consider when studying the mental health of populations affected by a disaster. Although high school students in a community affected by a disaster should have specific characteristics of resilience, little has been reported on the issue. This study was designed to provide initial data regarding characteristics of the resilience of high school students affected by a catastrophe.MethodsA total of 760 high school students in Natori City, which was devastated by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, were profiled, and a 3‐year longitudinal study was conducted with 254 students who had entered the school in 2012. Resilience was evaluated with the 10‐item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Japanese version, the Zung Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Impact of Event Scale–Revised were also administered to assess the students’ mental health.ResultsAmong the students who entered the high school in 2012, 28.6% showed high resilience, and the proportion increased to 42.9% in 2013 and 46.6% in 2014. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Japanese version and Impact of Event Scale–Revised scores decreased significantly over the 3‐year study period, but there were no significant differences in the Zung Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale scores over time.ConclusionThis initial study profiling the characteristics of resilience among adolescents suggests that resilience is a highly changeable component of mental health among people who have faced adversity. Resilience can be a useful indicator of recovery from adversity and a target of interventions for improving mental health conditions.
Parental awareness of young children's pattern of ionic beverage consumption
Authors: Okumura Akihisa , Ida Shinobu , Ito Setsuko , Oguni Tatsuya , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Mori Masaaki , Shimizu Toshiaki ,   the Committee on Pediatric Nutrition of the Japanese Pediatric Society
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate consumer perception of ionic beverage consumption by young children as a potential link to their excessive use.MethodsWe studied parents’ awareness of ionic beverages and the current pattern of use in their young children using a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 424 responses were recorded. Approximately 25–33% of parents believed that ionic beverages are good for health and rich in nutrients and vitamins, but, only 5.9% of the parents agreed with the statement that ionic beverages are safe to consume in large quantities. Regarding their use, 11 children (2.6%) were drinking ionic beverages every day or several times a week. The parents of these children were classified into the frequent use group. The rates at which parents agreed with statements that ionic beverages are good for health and rich in vitamins were higher in the frequent use group than in controls.ConclusionParental awareness of ionic beverages, and current consumption patterns in their young children are generally good. Having a positive opinion about the benefits of ionic beverages was associated with excessive consumption.
Fittingness
Authors: Howard Christopher 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe normative notion of fittingness figures saliently in the work of a number of ethical theorists writing in the late nineteenth and mid‐twentieth centuries and has in recent years regained prominence, occupying an important place in the theoretical tool kits of a range of contemporary writers. Yet the notion remains strikingly undertheorized. This article offers a (partial) remedy. I proceed by canvassing a number of attempts to analyze the fittingness relation in other terms, arguing that none is fully adequate. In explaining why various analyses of fittingness fail, I draw into relief certain of the relation's constitutive features and spotlight some of its interesting and important connections to various other properties. Along the way, I highlight the relation's relevance to a number of ongoing debates in normative and metanormative philosophy. I conclude by indicating some directions for further research.
Photoluminescence Rainbow from Coelenteramide—A Theoretical Study
Authors: Gao Meng , Liu Ya‐Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA wide variety of marine bioluminescent organisms emit light via the excited‐state coelenteramide, which is produced from the coelenterazine oxidation via a series of complicated chemical reactions in protein. Photoluminescence of coelenteramide is a simple way to produce light without experiencing the intricate reactions starting from coelenterazine. To extend the color range of light emission, many coelenterazine analogues were synthesized, but mostly only produce blue and cyan fluorescence. Based on the 42 synthesized coelenterazine analogues, we theoretically studied the absorption and fluorescence properties of the corresponding coelenteramide analogues. The electronic effect, steric effect, conjugated effect and solvated effect were considered. The results indicated that conjugated effect has great influence on the strength and wavelength of fluorescence and large electron transfer is beneficial to redshift. Based on the regularities, we theoretically designed six coelenteramide analogues, and together with the original coelenteramide, the seven‐ones emit the seven colors of rainbow via their photoluminescences. This study expands the coelenteramide fluorescence to the whole visible light region and could inspire new application.
UV exposure, preventive habits, risk perception, and occupation in NMSC patients: A case‐control study in Trieste (NE Italy)
Authors: Larese Filon Francesca , Buric Masa , Fluehler Catharina 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundUV exposure is strongly associated with the incidence of non melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), both basal and squamous cell carcinomas. The aim of our study was to analyze risk perception, UV exposure, preventive habits, and occupation in 126 subjects affected by NMSC and 187 controls.MethodsConsecutive cases with incident NMSC were recruited in Dermatologic Unit at University of Trieste; controls were recruited in Unit of Occupational Medicine. All had a medical examination to define Fitzpatrick skin type and skin lesions, and filled a standardized questionnaire on sun exposure habits, sun protection, occupational exposures, and sunburns in adulthood and childhood.ResultsIn multivariate regression analysis, NMSC resulted significantly associated with age (OR: 1.03; 95% CI 1.01‐1.05), with a positive feeling for tan (OR: 1.10; 95% CI 1.01‐1.20), and sunbath numbers per year (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.001‐1.03). A protective effect was demonstrated for Fitzpatrick phototypes III‐IV compared to I and II (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.18‐0.55), sunscreen use (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.22‐0.58), and risk perception (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97‐0.99). In univariate analysis, we demonstrated an increased risk for fishermen, sailors, and lifeguards (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.1‐16.4); foundry and metallurgy workers (OR: 5.58; 95% CI: 1.14‐27.3); and mechanics, fixers, and welders (OR: 8.2; 95% CI: 1.76‐37.9).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that protective behavior must be implemented in people living in Trieste. Workers must avoid direct UV exposure and must use protective equipment. More efforts are needed to increase knowledge on this risk and to raise awareness among at‐risk people.
Effects of continuous versus pulsed drought stress on physiology and growth of wheat
Authors: Stallmann J. , Schweiger R. , Müller C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

In the course of climate change, crop plants are exposed to both altered precipitation volumes and frequencies in many cultivation areas. Reduced water availability and longer periods without precipitation can lead to changes in plant physiology and productivity.

In this greenhouse study, we investigated physiological responses, including maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and water use efficiency (WUE) as well as diverse productivity‐related parameters, including grain yield per plant, to continuous (irrigated three times a week) versus pulsed (once a week) irrigation in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In both drought regimes, plants were exposed to four different irrigation volumes.

Fv/Fm was not influenced by irrigation treatment but was significantly higher after 6 weeks of drought than after 2 weeks. WUE increased with decreasing irrigation volume and based on generative biomass; it was higher in continuously‐watered compared to pulsed‐watered plants that received a similar amount of water over the experiment. Infrequent irrigation led to a reduction in grain yield of up to 51%. This lower productivity was primarily caused by fewer tillers in pulsed‐watered plants. Additionally, at low water volume the thousand grain weight (TGW) was lower in infrequently‐compared to frequently‐watered plants. In contrast, the number of grains per ear was higher in pulsed‐watered plants.

In conclusion, reduced irrigation frequency, next to a decrease in irrigation volume, negatively affects WUE and grain yield of spring wheat. These results might have important implications for irrigation scheduling and breeding programmes under a changing climate.
Expression of endogenous retroviruses in pre‐implantation stages of bovine embryo
Authors: Khazaee Elaheh , Farzaneh Nima , Mirshokraei Pezhman , Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed‐Elias , Dehghani Hesam 
Published: July 2018

ContentsEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are involved in cellular proliferation, pluripotency, tissue‐specific remodelling and regulation of developmental processes. These elements are transcriptionally active in mouse and human pre‐implantation embryos. Empirical evidence indicates that regulatory networks involved withERVtranscripts are responsible for pluripotency and totipotency at certain stages of mouse and human pre‐implantation development. Yet, the expression in pre‐implantation bovine embryo remains unidentified. To determine whether two members of bovine endogenous retroviruses,BERV‐K1 andBERV‐K2, are expressed in the pre‐implantation bovine embryo, each embryonic stage developed in vitro and was subjected toRNArelease, reverse transcription and quantitativePCR. We found thatBERV‐K1 andBERV‐K2 are expressed throughout different stages of pre‐implantation development. The higher level of expression was detected in embryonic blastomeres with totipotent/pluripotent status (two‐cell to 16‐cell stages), while the more differentiated blastocyst stage showed significantly lower levels ofERVs expression. These findings suggest a possible role for endogenous retroviruses in the establishment of totipotent and pluripotent states in pre‐implantation bovine embryo, similar to functions which have been suggested for these elements in human and mouse embryos.
Effect of different oxidative stress degrees generated by hydrogen peroxide on motility and DNA fragmentation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) spermatozoa
Authors: Sadeghi Sara , Pertusa José , Yaniz Jesús L. , Nuñez Javier , Soler Carles , Silvestre Miguel Angel 
Published: July 2018

ContentsAn increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) or decrease in antioxidant barriers can provoke lipid peroxidation of the membranes or DNA damage of the spermatozoa. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the different degrees of oxidative stress generated by H2O2 incubation on total motility, kinetics, and DNA fragmentation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) spermatozoa. For this process, experimental groups were incubated in 50 µM (Low; L) and 200 µM (High; H) H2O2, respectively, for 20 min at 4ºC. Sperm motility parameters were obtained with a computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion test. Both low and high H2O2 concentration groups showed lower motility than control groups. Progressive motility of spermatozoa incubated in the H group dropped rapidly in comparison with other groups. Regarding SDF, the control and L groups had significantly lower values than the H group (25.0% and 31.6% vs. 48.1% fragmented sperm for C, L, and H groups, respectively; p < 0.05). Sperm motility, mostly progressive motility, decreased as H2O2 concentration increased, mainly when time after sperm activation increased. SDF increased as the H2O2 concentration increased. However, measurements of the halo area did not agree with the subjective SDF rate.
Micromorphological analysis of liquefaction features in alluvial and coastal environments of Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Giona Bucci Monica , Smith Carol M. , Almond Peter C. , Villamor Pilar , Tuttle Martitia P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study presents a micromorphological analysis of liquefaction features (dykes, sills and sand blows) associated with the 2010 to 2011 Canterbury Earthquakes Sequence, dykes of an earlier generation of liquefaction (palaeoliquefaction) and hosting soil. The aim of this research was to determine whether diagnostic features existed that would allow robust identification of liquefaction features and discrimination of different generations of liquefaction features in thin sections. This study serves to enhance the tools available to support palaeoliquefaction studies and earthquake hazard assessment. Similarities were found in the sedimentary fabric between all forms and ages of liquefaction features distinct from hosting soil. Palaeoliquefaction features could also be distinguished on the basis of microscopic pedogenic characteristics. Liquefaction and palaeoliquefaction were investigated in two distinctive sedimentary settings: the floodplain of the Halswell River, and coastal sand dunes near or in Christchurch. Analysis was carried out on thin sections prepared from resin‐impregnated blocks of soil sediment hosting the liquefaction features. The fabric of modern liquefaction features in the alluvial and coastal system is similar, both showing a single grain micro‐structure, with moderate to well‐sorted grains with many simple packing voids and planar voids. In both environments it was possible to see evidence of fluidization such as water escape structures, cutans and silt caps. The palaeoliquefaction fabric can be distinguished from the modern liquefaction fabric by the presence of textural pedogenic features in the form of silt coating of grains, infilling of planar voids, coating and hypocoating of voids and excrement pedofeatures. The results presented in this manuscript demonstrated how thin section analysis can be a valuable tool to corroborate field identification of liquefaction features, and to discriminate between features of different relative ages where stratigraphic evidence is equivocal.
Beliefs About Evolution and Educational Attainment
Authors: Longest Kyle C. , Uecker Jeremy E. 
Published: July 2018

Using panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, we examine the effect of beliefs about evolution in high school on several postsecondary educational outcomes. Results indicate that net of a host of background factors and potential alternative explanatory factors, there are significant associations between beliefs about evolution and pursuing or obtaining a bachelor's degree, such that pure creationists (i.e., creationists who do not allow for the possibility that God used evolution to create the world) are less likely than naturalists to be on this trajectory. Further, when they do attend college, pure creationists and flexible creationists (i.e., creationists who allow for the possibility that God used evolution) both attend less selective colleges than naturalists, and pure creationists are less likely than naturalists to major in biology. These results suggest that evolution is a morally salient issue for many that influences their educational trajectories, highlighting the role that cultural schemas can play in shaping socioeconomic status.
Cucumber ovaries inhibited by dominant fruit express a dynamic developmental program, distinct from either senescence‐determined or fruit‐setting ovaries
Authors: Shnaider Yula , Mitra Deblina , Miller Golan , Baniel Avital , Doniger Tirza , Kuhalskaya Anastasiya , Scossa Federico , Fernie Alisdair R. , Brotman Yariv , Perl‐Treves Rafael 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCucurbits represent an attractive model to explore the dynamics of fruit set, whose regulation is not fully understood, despite its importance for yield determination. A fertilized ovary must integrate signals from distant plant parts and ‘decide’ whether to set fruit, or remain inhibited and later senesce. Here, we set out to characterize first‐fruit inhibition (FFI), that is, the inhibitory effect of the first fruit on subsequent development of younger ovaries during pollination‐induced and parthenocarpic fruit set. After the first fertilized ovaries set fruit, younger fertilized ovaries remained in a temporary state of inhibition. Such ovaries preserved their size and green color, and if the older fruit were removed within a 1‐week reversibility window, they set fruit. The FFI effect was documented in both fertilized and parthenocarpic ovaries. We compared the gene expression profiles of pollinated ovaries (committed to set fruit) with respect to those affected by FFI, and to non‐pollinated ovaries (undergoing senescence). The three fates of the ovaries were characterized by wide changes in gene expression, with several specific transcripts being up‐ or down‐regulated in response to pollination, and to the presence of inhibitory fruit. Metabolic profiling was undertaken and integrated with the transcriptomic data in order to characterize early physiological changes that occur in post‐anthesis ovaries in parthenocarpic and non‐parthenocarpic genotypes. The combined results are discussed with respect to current models of fruit set and specifically with regard to FFI. Moreover, these metabolome and transcriptome data provide a valuable resource for studying ovary development and fruit set.
Development of Shroudless Francis Turbine
Authors: Nakamura Yohei , Shima Ryosuke , Komatsu Hiroki , Shiratori Saki , Miyagawa Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2018

In this study, new design concepts were structured by DOE based on internal flow evaluation by CFD to realize the efficiency improvement, reliability improvement and cost reduction of a medium or small capacity hydro turbine. As a part of new concepts, shroudless type and shroud liner type runner shape were adopted. In shroud liner type, shroud line of meridional plane shape inclines at 45 degrees to rotational axis. By adopting shroud less type, runner can be made not by casting but by cutting work. For medium or small hydroelectric power plant, cost reduction is strongly required in comparison with larger scale hydro one. By adopting shroud liner type, efficiency was improved because of mitigating secondary flow. In addition, to improve reliability, shroud partial band was bonded at inlet of runner. This plays a role to prevent runner blade from breaking by tip rubbing.
By using high-speed video camera and CFD analysis, it was clarified that runner outlet cavitation is caused by jet which is leakage in the tip clearance region and that leakage flow of outlet is larger than leakage flow of inlet.
Moreover, by using the three-hole Pitot tube, the runner outlet flow distribution was measured and the validity of the design point was verified. Finally, by measurement of pressure on the wall of the stationary parts such as the guide vane, it was clarified that the total pressure loss of guide vane increases in stream-wise direction in low mass flow rate.
In this report, the development of the shroudless Francis turbine based on the loss mechanism and flow investigation was described.
Numerical Study on the Main Coolant Pump of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor
Authors: Ko Sungho , Kim Yeon-tae 
Published: July 2018

A numerical study was conducted to predict the performance curve of a downscaled model of the main coolant pump for a sodium-cooled fast reactor and to reduce the head loss by the optimization of the diffuser blade.
The ANSYS CFX program was utilized to obtain flow characteristics inside the pump as well as the overall pressure rise across the pump operating on- and off-design points. Computational domain was divided into several blocks to achieve high grid quality effectively and 7.5 million nodes were used totally to resolve small leakage flows as well as the flow inside the rotating impeller.
The corresponding experiment was conducted to validate CFD computed results. The comparison between the CFD and experimental data shows excellent agreement in terms of mass flow rate and head rise on and near design operating points.
The DOE (design of experiments) and RSM (response surface method)[1] were utilized to reduce the head loss by the diffuser blade in the pump. The diffuser blade was defined as four geometric parameters for DOE. The analysis of 25 cases was made to solve the output parameters for all design points which are defined by the DOE. RSM was fitting the output parameter as a function of the input parameters using regression analysis techniques. The optimized model increased the total pump head on the design point and the low mass flow rate point, but total pump head on 130% of operating mass flow rate was reduced than the initial model.