bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Bilateral Oehlers’ Type II Dens Invaginatus in Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Authors: Walzade Pranjal S , MV Sumanthini , U Shenoy Vanitha , P Mahajan Rohini 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimTo describe the management of type II dens invaginatus in permanent maxillary lateral incisors.BackgroundTeeth affected by dens invaginatus show a deep infolding of enamel and dentine starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps which may extend deep into the root. Dens invaginatus can be managed conservatively when it does not involve pulp and periodontal ligament. Moreover it may show a broad spectrum of morphologic variations and frequently results in early pulp necrosis if left undetected in early stages. Root canal treatment of such teeth is challenging because of the complex pulp space anatomy.Case reportIn the present case, bilateral occurrence of type II dens invaginatus was detected in maxillary lateral incisors. Following conservative cavity preparation, 12 was restored with an adhesive restoration. However as pulp exposure was observed in 22, it was endodontically treated.ConclusionClass II dens invaginatus without pulpal involvement can be treated successfully by conservative means there by maintaining the vitality of tooth. Early detection and immediate management leads to reduced tooth destruction thereby enhancing the long term prognosis.Clinical significanceThis case report will aid clinicians in the early detection and conservative management of tooth anomalies like dens invaginatus.How to cite this articleWalzade PS, Sumanthini MV, Shenoy VU, Mahajan RP. Management of Bilateral Oehlers’ Type II Dens Invaginatus in Maxillary Lateral Incisors. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):125-129.
Congenital Alveolar Synechiae in a Neonate: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kapur Aditi , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimThis case report highlights the management of congenital alveolar synechiae (CAS) in a 4-day-old neonate to alleviate the parent’s anxiety and associated problems.IntroductionCongenital alveolar synechiae is a rare developmental anomaly found in neonates characterized by adherence of both the jaws by the fibrocollagenous bands. It will cause difficulty in feeding, has reduced mouth opening, and also affects the development of the jaws, if not excised at an early age.Case reportA 4-day-old neonate reported with inability to open the mouth properly. A diagnosis of CAS was made and managed under inhalation general anesthesia.ConclusionEarly management results in resolution of the feeding difficulty and adequate mouth opening. These cases should be managed as early as possible to prevent possible complications.How to cite this articleKumar N, Kumari R, Gauba K, Kapur A. Congenital Alveolar Synechiae in a Neonate: Case Report and Review of Literature. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):135-138.
Intraventricular Silicone Oil: An Imitator
Authors: Reddy Ajit , Narayanappa Manjunath , Shukla Anil K , Jayamohan Annitha E 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Silicone oils are used in vitreoretinal surgery and it helps in maintaining the shape and fullness of the orbital globe. Rarely, they may get leaked from the orbit and may track to the brain in cerebrospinal fluid spaces like cisterns, ventricles. This can be documented by computed tomography with hyperdense oil. We are presenting a very rare case of the orbital silicon oil seepage into the ventricle.
We report the role of multidetector computed tomography to see silicone oil migrating from orbits to the brain. Not many cases are reported in the literature.

How to site this article
Reddy AK, Narayanappa M, Shukla AK, Jayamohan AE. Intraventricular Silicone Oil: An Imitator. J Med Sci 2016;2(3):48-49.
Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: Nagesh R , Shukla Anil K , Backer P Hazif , Seetha Pramila VV 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionSuperior vena cava syndrome results from the blockage of blood flow through the superior vena cava. It can be a medical emergency if it causes laryngeal or cerebral edema. Hence, prompt diagnosis is of utmost importance.Case reportA 65-year-old male patient came with complaints of progressive dyspnea and cough since 3 weeks. A contrast- enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan was done for the patient, which showed thrombus in the superior vena cava with a rich network of collaterals. The three-dimensional reconstruction was also done to demonstrate the collaterals.ConclusionThe MDCT provides an excellent tool to diagnose and assess the cause of superior vena cava obstruction.How to cite this articleBacker PH, VVP Seetha, Shukla AK, Nagesh R. Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome. J Med Sci 2016;2(3):53-55.
The Rarest of Rare Case of Scrotal Cystocele
Authors: Reddy Ajit , Shukla Anil K , Jayamohan Annitha E , Lakshmanan Prakash M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTScrotal cystocele is a type of urinary bladder hernia, where the bladder herniates into the scrotum. They are not common and constitute to less than 4% of the hernias and bear a gender predilection toward males with history of lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical presentation usually varies with some being asymptomatic while others present with intermittent scrotal swellings and voiding problems.We report the case of a 55-year-old asymptomatic individual who came with incidentally detected hydroureteronephrosis. Nonenhancing spiral computed tomography revealed large scrotal swelling with bilateral inguinal hernia. The bladder was seen herniating on the right while the colon was the content of the left.How to cite this articleJayamohan AE, Reddy AK, Shukla AK, Lakshmanan PM. The Rarest of Rare Case of Scrotal Cystocele. J Med Sci 2016;2(4):68-69.
Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy in Accessory Horn
Authors: Akash Suhasini , Sindhura B , LNU Sailakshmi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPregnancy in an accessory horn is rare. The incidence of uterine congenital anomalies: Müllerian defects in the normal fertile population are 3.2%. Incidence in pregnancy is 1 in 76,000 to 150,000 pregnancies. There are chances of high rate of spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, intrauterine growth retardation, intraperitoneal hemorrhage, and uterine rupture. Unicornuate uterus is a type II classification with unilateral hypoplasia or agenesis. It can be further classified into communicating, noncommunicating, without cavity, and unicornuate uterus.Mother and fetus are at grave risk due to rupture of horn in second trimester of pregnancy. We report a case of ruptured accessory horn pregnancy at gestation of 18 weeks. Emergency laparotomy was done and the accessory horn was excised. Patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful.How to cite this articleSindhura B, Sailakshmi, Akash S. Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy in Accessory Horn. J Med Sci 2016;2(4):70-72.
Successful Multimodality Life-saving Management of Placenta Percreta with Hemoperitoneum in Shock
Authors: Jain Kajal , Chopra Seema , Aggarwal Neelam , Kumar Navneet , Siwatch Sujata , Gorsi Ujjwal 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Placenta percreta is rare but may present with life-threatening emergencies.

Case Report
We present a near-miss case with a placenta percreta presenting with hemoperitoneum and shock and describe how multidisciplinary multimodality management was used to save the lady in a tertiary care center of a low-resource setting. Peripartum hysterectomy with bilateral internal iliac ligation could not completely control the oozing. The general condition of the patient was poor with acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia. Pelvic packing followed by embolization was done along with intensive care to treat metabolic derangements. It helped salvage the patient who later underwent a relaparotomy for pack removal. Conclusion and clinical significance: Role of individualized multimodality multidisciplinary management and intensive care is emphasized.

How to cite this article
Chopra S, Siwatch S, Jain K, Aggarwal N, Gorsi U, Kumar N. Successful Multimodality Life-saving Management of Placenta Percreta with Hemoperitoneum in Shock. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(4):201-203.
Prospective Role of Uniplanar Compressible External Fixation Devices in the Management of Pathological Diaphyseal Fractures Secondary to Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Saibaba Balaji , Gopinathan Nirmal R , Behera Prateek , Santhanam Siva S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Management of pathological diaphyseal fractures secondary to osteomyelitis in children still remains a nightmare for the treating orthopedic surgeon owing to the highly unpredictable clinical course and lack of certainty in achieving successful results. This study highlights the potential role of rail fixator in the management of pathological femur fracture secondary to osteomyelitis in children.

Materials and methods
A total of five children (8—13 years age group) with pathological diaphyseal fractures of femur (four cases) and tibia (one case), operated between January 2014 and December 2014, were included in the study. Chronic osteomyelitis was the underlying etiology in all the cases. The surgical management consisted of thorough debridement, lavage, freshening of fractured bone ends, opening of the bone ends, reduction and external stabilization using pediatric monorail fixator. All patients received postoperative antibiotics, based on intraoperative culture and sensitivity reports, for 6 weeks (intravenously for the initial 3 weeks, orally for the remaining 3 weeks). Weight bearing and knee range of motion were started in the early postoperative period as soon as the children were pain free.

Results
Staphylococcus aureus was the causative organism in all the cases. Out of five cases, four fractures united: Three femurs (between 9 and 12 weeks) and one tibia (11 weeks). There was one case of delayed union of femur (18 weeks). Septic pin tract loosening was seen in one case (femur) requiring prolonged antibiotic usage. Minimal limb length discrepancy (1—1.5 cm) was observed in all the cases.

Conclusion
Compression fixation achieved by monorail fixator can be considered as a viable option for the management of pediatric diaphyseal fractures secondary to active bony infection. It has the advantage of promoting bony union, aiding in early weight bearing, establishing successful joint mobilization, providing an option for future restoration of limb length, and improved patient comfort.

How to cite this article
Saibaba B, Gopinathan NR, Dhillon MS, Behera P, Santhanam SS. Prospective Role of Uniplanar Compressible External Fixation Devices in the Management of Pathological Diaphyseal Fractures Secondary to Osteomyelitis in Children. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):17-21.
Tuberculous Compound Palmar Ganglion
Authors: Doraisamy Nagarajan , Chandrasekhar Malarvizhi , Jebakumar Jim , Singh Sukhdev DB 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Compound palmar ganglion of tuberculous etiology is an infrequent condition, which has an obvious clinical picture, but still overlooked and should be diagnosed earlier before the involvement of underlying bones and nerves.

Case Report
We present the case of a 56-year-old male presenting with progressive swelling of the palm and forearm. He was diagnosed to have chronic flexor tenosynovitis without involvement of the underlying bones and was treated by complete excision and antitubercular therapy (ATT).

Conclusion
Tuberculous palmar ganglion is a condition that can be managed by excision and chemotherapy. However, it presents as a challenge to rural surgeons where the patients present late. Hence, early identification and treatment are the main goals of this article.

How to cite this article
Doraisamy N, Chandrasekhar M, Jebakumar J, Singh SDB. Tuberculous Compound Palmar Ganglion. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):28-29.
Cysticercosis of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Authors: Gupta Ashok , Bansal Sandeep , Virk Ramandeep S , Penubarthi Lokesh K , Rathi Alok 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Cysticercosis is the infection caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval stage of the cestode Taenia solium. Humans are accidentally or incidentally infected, where it frequently encysts in subcutaneous tissue, brain, and ocular tissue. Involvement of muscles in the head and neck is rare with presence of disseminated or other system involvement. We present a case of isolated involvement of lateral pterygoid muscle with cysticercosis.

How to cite this article
Virk RS, Rathi A, Penubarthi LK, Gupta AK, Bansal S. Cysticercosis of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):37-39.
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Spine Surgery
Authors: Shaikh Mushtaq A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) encompasses a variety of neurological testing modalities used during surgery to monitor, identify, and potentially prevent iatrogenic complications to the nervous system and the blood supply to it or adjacent tissue. It has been used to monitor integrity of the neural pathway during spinal, neurological, cranial, and vascular procedures. Specific tests are designed to the clinical need of the surgery. Modalities may include: Somatosensory evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, spontaneous or triggered electromyography, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, electroencephalogram, and electrocorticography. During spinal surgery, a wide variety of procedures are utilized in which the spinal cord, nerve roots, and key blood vessels are frequently placed at risk from iatrogenic injury. Multimodal IONM relies on the strengths of different types of neurophysiological modalities to maximize the diagnostic efficacy in regard to sensitivity and specificity in the detection of impending neural injury. Thorough knowledge of the benefits and limitations of each modality helps in optimizing the diagnostic value of IONM during spinal procedures. As spinal surgeries continue to evolve, the value of neuromonitoring will also continue to become more prominent.

How to cite this article
Shaikh MA. Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Spine Surgery. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):89-94.
A Review of the Current Status of Mind Body Medicine in Obstetric and Gynecology Practice
Authors: Hariharan Chella , Sinha Ananya , Chaudhary Rahul K 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Mind body therapies (MBTs) are gaining popularity. Clinicians need to be aware of the current evidence-base supporting or refuting their applicability in obstetric and gynecology practice.

Methods
An electronic search of Medline was carried out for review articles, meta-analysis and randomized control trials (RCTs) for use of MBTs in obstetrics and gynecology from the year 2000.

Results
Yoga, acupuncture, behavioral therapies and hypnotherapy are widely used. Yoga has applications in dysmenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), pregnancy and menopausal symptoms. Acupuncture has applications in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), in-vitro fertilization (IVF), dysmenorrhea and has been used for menopausal symptoms, endometriosis and lactation. Behavioral therapy has applications in menopausal symptoms and FHA. Hypnotherapy has been used in FHA and pregnancy.

Discussion
Numerous trials and reviews have been carried out for the applications of MBTs in obstetrics and gynecology. However, these are heterogenous, have small sample size, methodological flaws and only provide short-term results. While we await large scale, well-designed RCTs, current evidence does not permit the use of MBTs as primary therapies. They can be used as adjuncts, but with caution as side effects though claimed to be negligible, have been largely underreported in trials.

Abbreviations
APGAR: Appearance pulse grimace activity respiration; CBT: Cognitive behavioral therapy; FHA: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea; GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone; HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis; HPG: Hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis; HRT: Hormone replacement therapy; IVF: In vitro fertilization; LH: Luteinizing hormone; MBSR: Mindful-based stress reduction; MBT: Mindbody therapy; PCOS: Polycystic ovarian syndrome; RCT: Randomized control trial; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone.

How to cite this article
Hariharan C, Sinha A, Chaudhary RK. A Review of the Current Status of Mind Body Medicine in Obstetric and Gynecology Practice. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):vii-xi.
Thyroid and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malhotra Narendra , Tandon Amit , Kumari S Shantha , Agrawal Ayush 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Pregnancy acts, like a stress test for the thyroid gland and results in hypothyroidism in women who are iodine deficient or have limited thyroid reserve, and postpartum thyroiditis in previously euthyroid women with underlying Hashimoto's thyroiditis. However, there is inconclusive evidence to recommend for or against the universal serum TSH screening at the 1st trimester visit of a pregnant woman and trimester specific cut-off values should be used for monitoring the thyroid function (whenever performed). Nonspecific complaints, like irritability or anxiety in a postpartum lady should be investigated to rule out postpartum thyroiditis and not merely considered as maladjustment on the part of the lady. Thyroid nodules can grow in size during pregnancy but usually are well tolerated and can be operated postpartum. If deemed necessary during pregnancy, surgery should be carried out in the 2nd trimester for the same.
Oral Presentation VI
Authors: Kim Woo Young , Lee Jeonghun , Soh Euy-Young 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent subtype among thyroid cancers. Lymph node (LN) metastases are frequent in PTC and the incidence is 60% on average. Recent studies have shown that there has been an increase in the mortality or recurrence with LN metastases and that more than 5 metastatic LNs are clinically important. Therefore, we investigated clinicopathologic factors associated with clinically important LN metastases.

METHODS
From January 2010 to October 2013, we retrospectively enrolled 2,628 PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy at Ajou University Hospital. Among 1,425 patients with LN metastasis, 325 had ≥ 5 LN metastases.

RESULTS
In univariate analysis, young age (< 45 year), male gender, capsular invasion, multiplicity, tumor size, and lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001) were statistically associated with both LN metastasis and ≥ 5 LN metastases. However, Braking Action Fair (BRAF) mutation was not important to predict LN metastasis (p > 0.05). In multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion was the most important factor (odds ratio: 4.7, 4.0) among other clinicopathologic factors (odds ratio:< 2.1).

CONCLUSION
Braking Action Fair (BRAF) mutation was not useful to predict the LN metastasis. However, lymphovascular invasion was the most important factor to predict more than five cervical LN metastasis which is very important clinically.
Oral Presentation VIII
Authors: Liu Jia , Chen Guang 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta protein family, was originally isolated from gonadal fluids and stimulates the release of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Activin has numerous functions in both normal and neoplastic cells. Although it was suggested that gonadal tissue is the primary site of activin production, several extragonadal sources have subsequently been identified, including human thyrocytes.

METHODS
In our study, serum levels of activin A were measured by chemiluminescence, and the expression of receptors of activin A in thyroid tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry in female patients with thyroid papillary cancer [stage I (n = 60), stage II (n = 60), stage III (n = 60), stage IV (n = 60)] and in normal controls (n = 60).

RESULTS
The serum levels of activin A were no significantly different between patients with thyroid papillary cancer and normal controls as well as different stages. But the expressions of receptors of activin A were greater in patients with thyroid papillary cancer than in normal controls. And the positive rates of receptor expression were significantly more in stage III and IV than in stage I and II.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that serum levels of activin A undergo no significant changes when thyroid papillary cancer occurs. The thyroid gland is not the predominant source of activin A. The expressions of receptors of activin A were significantly greater in patients with thyroid papillary cancer than in normal controls. And the positive rates of receptor expressions were associated with the severity of cancer. Because activin A may exert negative action on thyrocyte proliferation, it is conceivable that the increase in the receptor of activin A in thyroid papillary cancer might represent a counteracting mechanism.
Use of Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft for Root Coverage
Authors: Gujjari Sheela Kumar , Harsha MB , Prasad Deepak 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTUntil recently, periodontal therapy was predominantly focused on establishing biologically and functionally stable periodontium. The presence of mucogingival problems and gingival recession around anterior teeth exemplifies a situation in which a treatment modality that addresses not only biological and functional but also esthetic demands are required from the periodontist. The advent of procedure such as subepithelial connective tissue graft in the mid-1980s and its various modifications thereafter, have led to improved and more predictable outcomes of root coverage. Thus, the present day clinicians have become more capable of addressing the esthetic demands of their patients. This case report shows the usage of subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage of upper right first premolar, which shows successful root coverage with a stable result. The technique used here created a healthy, functional and esthetic gingival unit that appeared resistant to further breakdown at a 6-month follow-up.