bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing and attending to psychosocial concerns in genetic counseling: Proposing the BATHE method
Authors: Moscarello Tia , Higgs Emily , Pollard Elizabeth , Monroe Mattie , Nguyen Thuy‐Mi P. , Campion MaryAnn , Reuter Chloe M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe process of identifying and responding to patients' social, emotional, and psychological concerns is a required skill for training and practicing genetic counselors. Patients' health outcomes are improved when genetic counselors attend to these “psychosocial” concerns. Still, the process of eliciting, assessing, and attending to patients' psychosocial concerns in the genetic counseling setting is not well defined in the literature nor is it performed consistently. Tools that do exist are often questionnaire‐based, designed for research use, or occur outside of a genetic counseling appointment. Here we describe the complexities of defining “psychosocial assessment” in genetic counseling, its impact on patient outcomes, and summarize existing tools for psychosocial assessment. We identify a need for evidenced‐based, verbally‐administered psychosocial assessment tools in genetic counseling and explore the value of adapting an existing tool from primary care (the BATHE method) to genetic counseling. The BATHE method is a semi‐structured psychosocial assessment tool that can be performed quickly within a patient appointment to gather context, emotional impact, the patient's primary concern, and coping strategies. Through our professional experiences we believe it is a beneficial psychosocial assessment tool as perceived by both patients and genetic counselors. Further work is needed to determine if the BATHE method could fill a gap in how genetic counselors conduct a psychosocial assessment.
Probing the Effect of pH Value and Voltage on the Near‐Surface Proton Concentration at the Electrochemical Interface by In Situ Electrochemical Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC‐SERS)
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Wang Yaxin , Zhang Yongjun , Zhang Kun , Chu Ruoning , Zhang Fengyi , Zhao Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the variation of proton concentration near the surface of the electrochemical interface is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of electrochemical reactions. In this work, 4‐Mpy molecules that are protonated and deprotonated depending on the surrounding pH value adsorb on the Au nanoparticle film electrode with high SERS activity, and by virtue of the highly interfacial‐sensitive EC‐SERS technique, we systematically studied the effects of electrolyte pH value and external voltage on the protonation and deprotonation of 4‐Mpy at the interface between Au‐NP film electrode and phosphate buffer, to analyze the changes of near‐surface proton concentration at the electrochemical interface. It is found that the pH value of the electrolyte plays a decisive role in the protonation process of 4‐Mpy at the electrode interface at low reduction voltage (< −0.1 V). In acidic and neutral solution, 4‐Mpy exists mainly in protonated form on the electrode surface. However, in alkaline solutions, 4‐Mpy exists mainly on the electrode surface in the form of deprotonation. At high reduction voltage (≥ −0.1 V), the protonation and deprotonation of 4‐Mpy on the electrode surface are mainly determined by the adsorption structure of 4‐Mpy on the electrode surface. At the same time, we conducted a comparative study of 2‐Mpy and 4‐Mpy molecules and found that the adsorption modes were different depending on the position of the N atom. 2‐Mpy is inclined adsorbed on the surface of the Au‐NP film electrode, and 4‐Mpy is vertically adsorbed on the surface of the Au‐NP film electrode.
Impact of Polymorphic Microfibers for Establishment of Neuronal Model
Authors: Murenu Nicoletta , Kasteleiner Maya , Lamberger Zan , Tuerker Esra , Theis Katinka , Jablonka Sibylle , Hemmen Katherina , Schenk Joachim , Heinze Katrin G. , Villmann Carmen , Lang Gregor , Schaefer Natascha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe biological and mechanical environment of cells is better mimicked in 3D compared to 2D cell cultures. However, creating accurate 3D cell culture models particularly for ultra‐soft tissues like brain or spinal cord is challenging since the hydrogels that match these properties are mechanically fragile. Therefore, implementing reinforcing structures, such as microfibers, is essential to provide the necessary support. Particularly, fibrous systems are of interest since they offer natural fibrillar structures similar to the extracellular matrix. This study focuses on exploring the interactions between a motor neuron‐like cell line and multiple microfiber‐morphologies and mechanics. Monitoring cell‐microfiber interactions over time we unveiled various dynamic undetected behaviors and interactions happening upon contact depending on the used microfiber properties. These highly defined microfiber fragments were fabricated using multiple processes—electrospinning, Melt Electrowriting, and microfluidic spinning—with properties differing in size, mechanics, and surface chemistry. The excellent control over our microfiber systems enabled the investigation of single parameters in an isolated manner. In addition, we quantified the observed varying movement modes of the monitored cell‐microfiber tandems. The study demonstrates the significance of microfiber design for biological applications and establishes methodological foundations for the implementation of customized microfiber systems in the field of biofabrication.
Simultaneous solution of implicitly defined curved, linear Timoshenko beams in two‐dimensional bulk domains
Authors: Kaiser Michael Wolfgang , Fries Thomas‐Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel formulation of curved Timoshenko beams which are defined by all level sets of a scalar function in a two‐dimensional bulk domain is presented, including a corresponding finite element method for the simultaneous solution of these beams. The required geometrical setup and differential operators are introduced and the model is defined in strong form. The weak form for the simultaneous solution involves the co‐area formula. A crucial aspect is how the difference vector, describing the rotational deformation in this model, is discretized wherefore two different approaches are shown in this paper. Higher‐order convergence studies in the residual errors confirm that the proposed method is valid and achieves expected convergence rates.
Translation Prospects of a Novel ECM‐Silk Fibroin/Alginate 3D‐Printed Scaffold for Treatment of Full‐Thickness Skin Wounds: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Khosrowpour Zahra , Bashiri Zahra , Jafari Davod , Alizadeh Sanaz , Keshtkaran Zahra , Rezaei Behzad , Bargrizaneh Farshad , Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh Meghdad , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe development of bioinks incorporating extracellular matrix (ECM) has attracted significant interest for creating three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed structures that simulate natural skin, aiming to facilitate profound wound healing. In our study, we utilized the potential of human placenta, renowned for its abundant structural proteins and growth factors essential for wound recovery, as a basis for an ECM‐based bioink. Different concentrations (1.5%, 3% and 5% w/v) of decellularized/solubilized placental ECM were integrated into silk fibroin/alginate to generate a printable bioink. The biocompatibility of the printed hydrogels was studied in vitro. Our refined ECM‐based bioink at a 5% w/v concentration was administered to full‐thickness wounds in a mouse model. The ECM‐based frameworks, due to their distinct structure, created a non‐cytotoxic environment conducive to in vitro cell adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation. Crucially, they did not provoke an adverse immune reaction in the host. Implanting the 3D‐printed ECM scaffold into deep wounds resulted in increased formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and re‐epithelialization compared to scaffolds lacking ECM and untreated wounds. Our findings decisively demonstrate that the 5% ECM 3D scaffold promotes regeneration of deep wounds in vivo, creating a skin substitute with cellular organization closely resembling normal skin. This advancement sets the stage for future clinical exploration and holds tremendous promise for advancing wound healing therapies.
Molecular dynamics study on the enhancement of high‐temperature friction and mechanical properties of perfluoroelastomers by carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Jin Shengbo , Qiao Heting , Zhao Jing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe mechanical and frictional properties of pure perfluoroelastomer, graphene (GN)/perfluoroelastomer, and carbon nanotube (CNT)/perfluoroelastomer composite systems were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of carbon nanomaterials on the glass transition temperature, mechanical properties, and frictional behavior of perfluoroelastomers at various temperatures was evaluated. The simulation results demonstrated that the addition of GN and CNTs increased the glass transition temperature of perfluoroelastomers to varying extents. CNTs enhanced the mechanical properties of perfluoroelastomers more effectively than GN, whereas GN provided superior improvement in frictional properties compared to CNTs. Analysis of stress–strain distribution, atomic motion trajectory, interaction energy, mass density, and temperature distribution, bond orientation parameters, radial distribution function (RDF), mean square displacement (MSD), and diffusion coefficients revealed the mechanisms and differences by which GN and CNTs enhance the mechanical and frictional properties of perfluoroelastomers.Highlights
Carbon nanomaterials enhance perfluoroelastomer's high‐temperature performance.
CNTs provide higher mechanical strength but lower wear resistance.
GN nanosheets outperform CNTs in reducing friction and wear.
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal distinct enhancement mechanisms.
Experimental analysis on fiber diameter of spunbond nonwoven fabrics through Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs and its impact on mechanical properties
Authors: Abdel‐Mouttalib Kaoutar , Nadi Ayoub , Tetouani Samir , Hajjaji Abdelowahed , Cherkaoui Omar , Touhtouh Samira 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic sparked a surge in demand for nonwoven protective materials, prompting a significant increase in nonwoven fabric production. To advance understanding, particularly in the Spunbond process, we conducted experiments to analyze the effects of various input parameters on fiber diameter, and mechanical tests to study how fiber diameter influences the mechanical properties of spunbond nonwoven fabrics. Employing Plackett–Burman design and Box–Behnken design with Minitab 18, we have examined different process parameters and study the cause‐and‐effect relationships between input parameters and the response. A set of experiments were carried out with nine varying parameters, including polymer melt index, initial polymer temperature, and air velocity. By regression modeling, we assessed the effects and interactions of these factors on fiber diameter. The Box–Behnken approach revealed that only three factors significantly influenced fiber diameter. Our analysis unveiled valuable insights for optimizing process parameters to achieve a target fiber diameter of 31.0 μm, crucial for enhancing nonwoven fabric production. Moreover, the results of the tensile property tests show that fiber diameter influence mechanical properties of nonwoven fabrics. As the fiber diameters increase, the mechanical properties of the nonwoven fabric are increased.Highlights
Market research of textile industry, particularly of nonwoven sector.
Identification of the parameters of the Spunbond process.
Selection of Placket–Burman and Box–Behnken designs to analyze, optimize, and predict fiber diameter.
Evaluation of the designs results (analysis of variance, Pareto, Regression model …), determination of the optimal conditions and the factors that has most effect on fiber diameter.
Investigation of the effect of fiber diameter on mechanical properties.
Postnatal Growth Trajectories and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Middle Age: A Cohort Study
Authors: Suri Tejas Menon , Bhargava Sumit , Akshara Kappadan Tharammal , Sinha Sikha , Aggarwal Vani , Gupta Kali Das , Singh Gurpreet , Singh Bhaskar , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy , Osmond Clive , Fall Caroline H. D. , Bhargava Santosh K. , Sachdev Harshpal Singh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTStudy ObjectivesRapid growth in childhood predisposes to obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is bidirectionally linked to obesity, its developmental origins are sparsely studied. We examined associations between postnatal growth and the risk of OSA in adulthood.MethodsWe included adults whose childhood anthropometric data was collected in the New Delhi Birth Cohort study. The risk of OSA was defined by the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) with and without the obesity criterion. Using logistic regression, we studied associations of OSA risk with conditional growth parameters, which are statistically independent measures of gain in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), during infancy (0–2 years), early childhood (2–5 years), and late childhood (5–11 years).ResultsAmong 521 subjects (58.9% males) with a mean (SD) age of 40.9 (1.7) years, 30.9% had a high risk of OSA. On multivariate analysis, a high risk of OSA was associated with a higher conditional BMI in infancy (odds ratio: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.57; p = 0.048) and early childhood (1.35; 1.07–1.69; p = 0.011). Higher risk of OSA was associated with greater conditional weight in early childhood (1.34; 1.06–1.68; p = 0.013). Using the modified BQ definition without obesity, adult risk of OSA was significantly associated with a higher adult BMI instead of childhood conditional BMIs.ConclusionsGreater gain in conditional BMI or weight in early childhood is associated with a high risk of OSA in middle age, which is mediated by a higher attained adult BMI.
Transformed ROC Curve for Biomarker Evaluation
Authors: Yang Jianping , Kuan Pei‐Fen , Li Xiangyu , Li Jialiang , Zhou Xiao‐Hua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo complement the conventional area under the ROC curve (AUC) which cannot fully describe the diagnostic accuracy of some non‐standard biomarkers, we introduce a transformed ROC curve and its associated transformed AUC (TAUC) in this article, and show that TAUC can relate the original improper biomarker to a proper biomarker after a non‐monotone transformation. We then provide nonparametric estimation of the non‐monotone transformation and TAUC, and establish their consistency and asymptotic normality. We conduct extensive simulation studies to assess the performance of the proposed TAUC method and compare with the traditional methods. Case studies on real biomedical data are provided to illustrate the proposed TAUC method. We are able to identify more important biomarkers that tend to escape the traditional screening method.
Construction of Iron‐Modified Lignin‐Based Nanomicrocapsules for Enhancing the Functionality of Natural Product–Based Pesticides
Authors: Han Xu , Wang Qifan , Wu Jiaying , Qiao Yuqing , Kong Yue , Lou Yuhang , Gao Yanqing , Shang Shibin , Song Zhanqian , Li Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo address the issue of low pesticide utilization owing to poor dispersibility, low leaf surface adhesion, and poor transport within plants, this study exploits electrostatic interactions between sodium lignosulfonate (SL) and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) to induce self‐assembly, followed by iron ion (Fe3+) chelation and loading with a natural product–based pesticide, rosin–based triazole derivative (RTD), yielding RTD@SL–DTAC–Fe nanomicrocapsules (NMs). It is worth noting that the presence of Fe3+ enhances the dispersibility of the NMs. The water dispersibility and photostability of RTD are significantly improved after encapsulation, and a stimulus response to laccase is achieved. Leaf‐washing experiments confirm the enhanced adhesion of RTD@SL–DTAC–Fe NMs to the surface of rice plant leaves compared to that of free RTD. Fluorescently labeled NMs exhibit bidirectional transport within rice plants, and RTD@SL–DTAC–Fe NMs demonstrates better transport performance than RTD. In vitro and in vivo antifungal tests indicate that encapsulation by NMs significantly enhanced pesticide activity. Field trials demonstrate that NMs exhibited prolonged efficacy compared to RTD. Finally, the safety evaluation confirms the environmental friendliness of the NMs. This study provides valuable insight for optimizing and improving the utilization efficiency and biosafety of natural product–based pesticides.
Conjugated oligo (phenylene vinylene) covalently linked porphyrin for sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Jia Wenhua , Wang Junqing , Li Ling , Yuan Qiong , Wang Yuze , Zhang Xinyi , Tang Yanli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) is garnering considerable attention as a promising treatment for deep‐seated tumors because of its strong tissue penetration ability, non‐invasiveness, and controllability. However, the SDT efficiency of traditional sonosensitizers including porphyrins and their derivatives are limited due to their poor water dissolubility, high aggregation, and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) production efficiency. Consequently, it is crucial to develop novel sonosensitizers with high yields of ROS, outstanding water solubility, and good biocompatibility. Herein, we constructed a new platform for SDT based on unimolecular porphyrin derivatives OPV‐C3‐TPP. The probe OPV‐C3‐TPP was synthesized by covalently linking conjugated oligomers (OPV) with 5, 10, 15, 20‐tetra (4‐aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP). The introduction of OPV greatly improves the water solubility of the porphyrins and reduces the self‐aggregation of the porphyrins. In addition, OPV‐C3‐TPP has good intramolecular energy transfer efficiency, thus enhancing the yield of ROS. The experimental results show that OPV‐C3‐TPP exhibits excellent ROS generation capacity under ultrasound (US) irradiation, which leads to apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells. In vivo tumor growth is also significantly inhibited in the OPV‐C3‐TPP + US group, exhibiting better SDT effects than TAPP. Therefore, the unimolecular OPV‐C3‐TPP can be used as a potential sonosensitizer, providing a promising SDT for deep‐tissue tumors.
Tuning Electronic and Functional Properties in Defected MoS2 Films by Surface Patterning of Sulphur Atomic Vacancies
Authors: Gentili Denis , Calabrese Gabriele , Lunedei Eugenio , Borgatti Francesco , Mirshokraee Seyed A. , Benekou Vasiliki , Tseberlidis Giorgio , Mezzi Alessio , Liscio Fabiola , Candini Andrea , Ruani Giampiero , Palermo Vincenzo , Maccherozzi Francesco , Acciarri Maurizio , Berretti Enrico , Santoro Carlo , Lavacchi Alessandro , Cavallini Massimiliano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDefects are inherent in transition metal dichalcogenides and significantly affect their chemical and physical properties. In this study, surface defect electrochemical nanopatterning is proposed as a promising method to tune in a controlled manner the electronic and functional properties of defective MoS₂ thin films. Using parallel electrochemical nanolithography, MoS₂ thin films are patterned, creating sulphur vacancy‐rich active zones alternated with defect‐free regions over a centimetre scale area, with sub‐micrometre spatial resolution. The patterned films display tailored optical and electronic properties due to the formation of sulphur vacancy‐rich areas. Moreover, the effectiveness of defect nanopatterning in tuning functional properties is demonstrated by studying the electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Strategic Autonomy in Security and Defence as an Impracticability? How the European Union’s Rhetoric Meets Reality
Authors: Michaels Eva , Sus Monika 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter investigates debates on European Strategic Autonomy (ESA), viewing ESA as the main response of the European Union and its members to the fragmentation of the Liberal International Order in security and defence. By tracing the evolution of EU and national approaches to three main strands of the debates (defence industry, crisis management, and relations with global powers), we argue that the lack of an EU-wide permissive consensus about the direction and applicability of ESA rendered this impracticable. A handful of EU actors believed this could be an effective answer but the majority of member states were less keen to breathe life into the idea: whereas lip service to a vague concept was acceptable, committing to its implementation was not.
The European Union’s Role in Global Health: Embracing Governance Complexity?
Authors: Fernández Óscar , Kissack Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 placed global health governance under unprecedented strain. The World Health Organization (WHO) became severely questioned and got caught in the crossfire of great-power competition, whereas other entities vaulted into the limelight. This chapter delves into the European Union’s (EU) consolidation as an actor within this increasingly complex governance domain, whose fragmentation long predates COVID-19. We analyse the degree to which relevant political-institutional developments in the EU’s burgeoning (global) health policy, as well as the broader evolution of the global health architecture, have elicited Europeanist, Atlanticist and nationalist responses within the EU and its Member States. We find that European actors tend to signal a rejection of fragmentation in global health governance, while accepting it in practice.
INTOMO operator for GNSS multi-source tomography based on 3D ray tracing technique
Authors: Cegla Adam , Moeller Gregor , Hordyniec Pawel , Rohm Witold 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe current GNSS meteorology literature focuses on ground-based and space-based GNSS observations separately, without exploring potential synergies. In this study, we propose combining the two data sources using GNSS tomography to overcome current limitations in (1) horizontal resolution of GNSS space-based, (2) low vertical resolution of GNSS ground-based tropospheric retrievals when the number of GNSS ground-based observations is limited and (3) instability of the tomography system due to a lack of observations traversing the atmosphere horizontally. Our study on the combination of GNSS ground-based and space-based presents an innovative way for data integration based on uncertainty estimation. The developed integrated tomography operator, based on 3D ray tracing principles, is tested on 30 days of simulated data with 101 ground stations and over 240 radio occultation events, using three different station layouts. The a priori data introduced into the tomography processing is from a deterministic model, while ray tracing uses the ERA5 reanalysis wet refractivity field to obtain input data for individual test cases. The results are verified by comparing tomography output to ERA5 reanalysis. We observed a decrease in tomography RMSE between 2% and 16% in the case of an integrated solution, depending on GNSS station layout and the number and geometry of radio occultation ray paths. We show that a single RO event during one processing epoch can shift the wet refractivity estimates by 2 to 5 ppm closer to the correct solution compared to ground-based-only GNSS tomography.