bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We Ain't Afraid of No Ghosts: Tracking Habitat Interactions and Movement Dynamics of Ghost Tags under Differing Flow Conditions in a Sand-Bed River
Authors: Stout J. Benjamin , Conner Mary M. , Budy Phaedra , Mackinnon Peter D. , McKinstry Mark C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of PIT tags has rapidly proliferated since their introduction, and new mobile detection methods have been developed. However, the presence of ghost tags (i.e., PIT tags left in the system after a fish dies) creates uncertainty about the status (live or dead) of tags detected. Herein, we describe our raft-based mobile PIT tag antenna system, which was used to evaluate the movements of “seeded tags” (i.e., PIT tags that we placed in the river as ghost tag analogs) and their interactions with habitat features. We deployed 5,000 seeded tags in the San Juan River, a large sand-bed river in the southwestern USA. Total distances moved by PIT tags ranged from 0.8 to 4,124 m, but 75% of movements were less than 100 m. Flow conditions causing the smallest to largest movements were (1) base flows, (2) spring runoff flows, (3) flash flood flows, and (4) a combination of spring runoff and flash flood flows. Based on Ivlev's electivity index, tags were more likely to be detected in riffles than in runs. These findings will help to classify mobile PIT tag detections as ghost tags or live fish, a critical data gap limiting the accurate estimation of demographic rates, population status metrics, and descriptions of the habitat use of fishes.
Monobromination of α,ω‐Diols: Highly Efficient Preparation of Synthetic Intermediates
Authors: de Oliveira Adeildo Junior , Souza Isis Torres , Bernardo Vanderson Barbosa , Santos Larissa C. , de Lima Maria Raquel Ferreira , Goulart Henrique Fonseca , Goulart Santana Antônio Euzébio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present work aimed to evaluate different conditions to perform monobromination reactions of α,ω‐diols using HBr. Three solvents were tested, toluene, isooctane, 1,2‐dichloroethane, in two distinct molar proportions between 1,8‐octanediol and HBr (1:1 and 1:2 equivalents). All reactions occurred under reflux. After stablishing the best reactional conditions, assays with four symmetric α,ω‐diols, 1,6‐hexanediol; 1,7‐heptanediol; 1,8‐octanediol; and 1,10‐decanediol, with 2 eq. HBr in 1,2‐dichloroethane, were conducted. Using toluene as solvent lead to the best reaction yields (81‐95%), producing the least amount of unwanted dibrominated product. Reactions in 1,2‐dichloroethane gave similar results to the ones with toluene when 2 eq. HBr were used. The lowest reactional efficiency registered in these assays occurred in isooctane, forming the highest amount of dibromide. Diols 1,7‐heptanediol and 1,8‐octanediol showed the best results under the conditions studied, in 1,2‐dichloroethane.
A Changhsingian (late Permian) nautiloid assemblage from Gujiao, South China
Authors: Miao Luyi , Dai Xu , Korn Dieter , Brayard Arnaud , Chen Jing , Liu Xiaokang , Song Haijun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA c. 0.30 m thick cherty limestone bed in the Dalong Formation at Gujiao (Guizhou) has yielded a highly diverse Changhsingian nautiloid assemblage. Its age is late Changhsingian, indicated by the co‐occurring ammonoid Pseudotirolites sp. This assemblage is composed of nine species and five taxa in open nomenclature in nine genera, including one new genus and three new species: Neotainoceras zhaoi sp. nov., Nodopleuroceras gujiaoense sp. nov. and Gujiaonautilus longliensis gen. et sp. nov. Sholakoceras is for the first time recorded in South China. Compared with literature data from 52 sites in various regions worldwide, the material described here presents the most diverse Changhsingian nautiloid assemblage. Among the genera of the Gujiao assemblage, Pleuronautilus, Tainoceras and Liroceras are cosmopolitan, while the others are more endemic or genera known so far only from South China.
New material of Gobicyon (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae, Haplocyoninae) from northern China and a review of Aktaucyonini evolution
Authors: Jiangzuo Qigao , Wang Shiqi , Li Chunxiao , Sun Danhui , Zhang Xiaoxiao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aberrant carnivore Gobicyon has been known for more than 80 years, but the evolutionary position and taxonomic diversity of this animal remain unclear due to the paucity of the known fossils. Here, we report a much richer and better preserved assemblage of Gobicyon material from the Tongxin and Hezheng areas, northern China. Two new species, Gobicyon yei sp. nov. from the early middle Miocene in Tongxin and Gobicyon acutus sp. nov. from the late middle Miocene in Hezheng are recognized. Much better material of Gobicyon macrognathus and one isolated tooth of Gobicyon zhegalloi from Tongxin are also described in detail. Gobicyon is recognized as a derived haplocyonid. A phylogenetic analysis of Gobicyon and related taxa has been performed for the first time. The phylogenetic tree suggests a close relationship of Aktaucyon and Gobicyon (Aktaucyonini). Among the taxa traditionally included in haplocyonids, Haplocyonopsis is the closest to Aktaucyonini, as supported by its centrally located M1 protocone and a uniformly distributed M1 lingual cingulum. The most significant evolutionary trends of Gobicyon are the reduction of the posterior molars (M2 and M3) and the strengthening of P4 and M1, suggesting a forward shift of crushing function along the tooth row.
Of Badgers, Bovines and Bacteria
Authors: Cassidy Angela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter introduces the contested problem of how badgers and bovine TB are connected—and what to do about it—outlining the key events explored across the rest of the volume. I will discuss how my analytical approach to this research falls into three key themes: knowledge controversies and epistemic communities; good care, good work, good knowledge; and animal roles and traces. I then explore two historical backstories essential for understanding this controversy: the history of tuberculosis itself (in humans and other animals); and the history of the Great British Badger Debate, which stretches back to the Victorian era and beyond. Finally, this chapter will provide an overview of the rest of the book, summarising the overall structure and content of the chapters to come.
Protecting the Badger?
Authors: Cassidy Angela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe past 50 years have seen a constantly shifting coalition of concern around the issue of badger protection in Britain, long predating any connection with bovine TB. This longstanding debate was reactivated during the mid-1960s, when campaigners drew attention to issues of badger digging and baiting. This chapter will explore the worlds of badger protection, exploring how a diverse and politically cross-cutting coalition came together to support this cause. It will also trace the changing nature of these campaigns as the news of tuberculous badgers spread, and then as MAFF started to cull them. In so doing, it will unpick the multiple motivations and modes of caring—about badgers, about people and about environments—which have contributed to this shifting pattern of alliance.
Building a Public Controversy
Authors: Cassidy Angela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter will focus on the interaction between ‘backstage’ policy debates over badger/bTB and the increasingly noisy and visible ‘frontstage’ of the controversy. It will recount the interactions of media, politicians, pressure groups and multiple publics in the wider public sphere, who between them have made badger/bTB into such a hotly contested issue. It will outline some key indicators of how British newspapers have covered badgers, bovine TB and badger/bTB over the past fifty years, and explore the creation of today’s dichotomous framings of the problem—as an agricultural malaise or an environmental risk. Finally, it will investigate the post-2010 shift in the nature of the public controversy from specialist concern to media storm, before discussing the possible drivers of polarisation in today’s environmental and agricultural politics.
Introduction
Authors: Jacob Maria , Neves Cláudia , Vukadinović Greetham Danica 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElectricity demand or load forecasts inform both industrial and governmental decision making processes, from energy trading and electricity pricing to demand response and infrastructure maintenance. Electric load forecasts allow Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and policy makers to prepare for the short and long term future. For informed decisions to be made, particularly within industries that are highly regulated such as electricity trading, the factors influencing electricity demand need to be understood well. This is only becoming more urgent, as low carbon technologies (LCT) become more prevalent and consumers start to generate electricity for themselves, trade with peers and interact with DSOs.
Condition-specific surveillance in health care-associated urinary tract infections as a strategy to improve empirical antibiotic treatment: an epidemiological modelling study
Authors: Tandogdu Zafer , Koves Bela , Cai Tommaso , Cek Mete , Tenke Peter , Naber Kurt , Wagenlehner Florian , Johansen Truls Erik Bjerklund 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Health care-associated urinary tract infection (HAUTI) consists of unique conditions (cystitis, pyelonephritis and urosepsis). These conditions could have different pathogen diversity and antibiotic resistance impacting on the empirical antibiotic choices. The aim of this study is to compare the estimated chances of coverage of empirical antibiotics between conditions (cystitis, pyelonephritis and urosepsis) in urology departments from Europe.

Methods
A mathematical modelling based on antibiotic susceptibility data from a point prevalence study was carried. Data were obtained for HAUTI patients from multiple urology departments in Europe from 2006 to 2017. The primary outcome of the study is the Bayesian weighted incidence syndromic antibiogram (WISCA) and Bayesian factor. Bayesian WISCA is the estimated chance of an antibiotic to cover the causative pathogens when used for first-line empirical treatment. Bayesian factor is used to compare if HAUTI conditions did or did not impact on empirical antibiotic choices.

Results
Bayesian WISCA of antibiotics in European urology departments from 2006 to 2017 ranged between 0.07 (cystitis, 2006, Amoxicillin) to 0.89 (pyelonephritis, 2009, Imipenem). Bayesian WISCA estimates were lowest in urosepsis. Clinical infective conditions had an impact on the Bayesian WISCA estimates (Bayesian factor > 3 in 81% of studied antibiotics). The main limitation of the study is the lack of local data.

Conclusions
Our estimates illustrate that antibiotic choices can be different between HAUTI conditions. Findings can improve empirical antibiotic selection towards a personalized approach but should be validated in local surveillance studies.
Rapid Identification and Investigation of an HIV Risk Network Among People Who Inject Drugs –Miami, FL, 2018
Authors: Tookes Hansel , Bartholomew Tyler S. , Geary Shana , Matthias James , Poschman Karalee , Blackmore Carina , Philip Celeste , Suarez Edward , Forrest David W. , Rodriguez Allan E. , Kolber Michael A. , Knaul Felicia , Colucci Leah , Spencer Emma 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Prevention of HIV outbreaks among people who inject drugs remains a challenge to ending the HIV epidemic in the United States. The first legal syringe services program (SSP) in Florida implemented routine screening in 2018 leading to the identification of ten anonymous HIV seroconversions. The SSP collaborated with the Department of Health to conduct an epidemiologic investigation. All seven acute HIV seroconversions were linked to care (86% within 30 days) and achieved viral suppression (mean 70 days). Six of the seven individuals are epidemiologically and/or socially linked to at least two other seroconversions. Analysis of the HIV genotypes revealed that two individuals are connected molecularly at 0.5% genetic distance. We identified a risk network with complex transmission dynamics that could not be explained by epidemiological methods or molecular analyses alone. Providing wrap-around services through the SSP, including routine screening, intensive linkage and patient navigation, could be an effective model for achieving viral suppression for people who inject drugs.
Multi-objective simulation optimization for complex urban mass rapid transit systems
Authors: Schmaranzer David , Braune Roland , Doerner Karl F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a multi-objective simulation-based headway optimization for complex urban mass rapid transit systems. Real-world applications often confront conflicting goals of cost versus service level. We propose a two-phase algorithm that combines the single-objective covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy with a problem-specific multi-directional local search. With a computational study, we compare our proposed method against both a multi-objective covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The integrated discrete event simulation model has several stochastic elements. Fluctuating demand (i.e., creation of passengers) is driven by hourly origin-destination-matrices based on mobile phone and infrared count data. We also consider the passenger distribution along waiting platforms and within vehicles. Our two-phase optimization scheme outperforms the comparative approaches, in terms of both spread and the accuracy of the resulting Pareto front approximation.
Calculation as a cultural practice in modern literature
Authors: Bengi László 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The opposition between quantitative sciences and the humanities is a well-known problem of cultural debates, along with its reflection in the conflicting approaches to digital humanities. As the emphasis has moved from long-standing scientific methods of quantification to the overall digital turn of everyday life, this process sheds light on the varying sociocultural conditions for calculations in modern societies. Consequently, numbers cannot be conceived as inherent properties of things by discovery through experimentation and explanation: this essentialist conception seems to originate in a misunderstanding of nineteenth-century scientific research and its claim of objectivity. Rather, quantification and the cultural matrices of calculation build a raster image serving as an interface between world and mind. In this broad sense, everyday life is deeply pervaded by numbers. Moreover, the ability for calculations cannot be treated as a uniform skill any more. Instead, it varies in accordance with different cultural forms and functions. Number-based practices are also represented widely in modern literature and in non-literary works, such as being in the letters and diaries of many writers. The essay is thus intended to analyze and compare the forms of calculation in the novels and diaries of some East Central European writers—such as Kafka, Kosztolányi, Musil—who thrived in the first decades of the twentieth century. In so doing, it describes three models through which calculation as a cultural practice enters the field of literature.
A proposed NMR solution for multi-phase flow fluid detection
Authors: Shi Jun-Feng , Deng Feng , Xiao Li-Zhi , Liu Hua-Bing , Ma Feng-Qin , Wang Meng-Ying , Zhao Rui-Dong , Chen Shi-Wen , Zhang Jian-Jun , Xiong Chun-Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the petroleum industry, detection of multi-phase fluid flow is very important in both surface and down-hole measurements. Accurate measurement of high rate of water or gas multi-phase flow has always been an academic and industrial focus. NMR is an efficient and accurate technique for the detection of fluids; it is widely used in the determination of fluid compositions and properties. This paper is aimed to quantitatively detect multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines and to propose an innovative method for online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection. The online NMR data acquisition, processing and interpretation methods are proposed to fill the blank of traditional methods. A full-bore straight tube design without pressure drop, a Halbach magnet structure design with zero magnetic leakage outside the probe, a separate antenna structure design without flowing effects on NMR measurement and automatic control technology will achieve unattended operation. Through the innovation of this work, the application of NMR for the real-time and quantitative detection of multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines can be implemented.
Estimating the waste heat recovery in the European Union Industry
Authors: Bianchi Giuseppe , Panayiotou Gregoris P. , Aresti Lazaros , Kalogirou Soteris A. , Florides Georgios A. , Tsamos Kostantinos , Tassou Savvas A. , Christodoulides Paul 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Industrial processes are currently responsible for nearly 26% of European primary energy consumptions and are characterized by a multitude of energy losses. Among them, the ones that occur as heat streams rejected to the environment in the form of exhausts or effluents take place at different temperature levels. The reduction or recovery of such types of energy flows will undoubtedly contribute to the achievement of improved environmental performance as well as to reduce the overall manufacturing costs of goods. In this scenario, the current work aims at outlining the prospects of potential for industrial waste heat recovery in the European Union (EU) upon identification and quantification of primary energy consumptions among the major industrial sectors and their related waste streams and temperature levels. The paper introduces a new approach toward estimating the waste heat recovery in the European Union industry, using the Carnot efficiency in relation to the temperature levels of the processes involved. The assessment is carried out using EU statistical energy databases. The overall EU thermal energy waste is quantified at 920 TWh theoretical potential and 279 TWh Carnot potential.
Using subjective cognitive decline to identify high global amyloid in community‐based samples: A cross‐cohort study
Authors: Buckley Rachel F. , Sikkes Sietske , Villemagne Victor L. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Rabin Jennifer S. , Burnham Samantha , Papp Kathryn V. , Doré Vincent , Masters Colin L. , Properzi Michael J. , Schultz Aaron P. , Johnson Keith A. , Rentz Dorene M. , Sperling Reisa A. , Amariglio Rebecca E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to examine the contribution of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to reduce the number of β‐amyloid (Aβ) positron emission tomography scans required for recruiting Aβ+ clinically normal individuals in clinical trials.MethodsThree independent cohorts (890 clinically normal: 72 yrs ± 6.7; Female: 43.4%; SCD+: 24%; apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4+: 28.5%; Aβ+: 32%) were used. SCD was dichotomized from one question. Using logistic regression, we classified Aβ+ using the SCD dichotomy, APOEε4, sex, and age.ResultsSCD increased odds of Aβ+ by 1.58 relative to non‐SCD. Female APOEε4 carriers with SCD exhibited higher odds of Aβ+ (OR = 3.34), whereas male carriers with SCD showed a weaker, opposing effect (OR = 0.37). SCD endorsement reduces the number of Aβ positron emission tomography scans to recruit Aβ+ individuals by 13% and by 9% if APOEε4 status is known.ConclusionSCD helps to classify those with high Aβ, even beyond the substantial effect of APOE genotype. Collecting SCD is a feasible method for targeting recruitment for those likely on the AD trajectory.
Dissemination and implementation science activities across the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium: Report from a survey of CTSA leaders
Authors: Dolor Rowena J. , Proctor Enola , Stevens Kathleen R. , Boone Leslie R. , Meissner Paul , Baldwin Laura-Mae 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is not a formal element of the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program, and D&I science activities across the CTSA Consortium are largely unknown.Methods:The CTSA Dissemination, Implementation, and Knowledge Translation Working Group surveyed CTSA leaders to explore D&I science-related activities, barriers, and needed supports, then conducted univariate and qualitative analyses of the data.Results:Out of 67 CTSA leaders, 55.2% responded. CTSAs reported directly funding D&I programs (54.1%), training (51.4%), and projects (59.5%). Indirect support (e.g., promoted by CTSA without direct funding) for D&I activities was higher – programs (70.3%), training (64.9%), and projects (54.1%). Top barriers included funding (39.4%), limited D&I science faculty (30.3%), and lack of D&I science understanding (27.3%). Respondents (63.4%) noted the importance of D&I training and recommended coordination of D&I activities across CTSAs hubs (33.3%).Conclusion:These findings should guide CTSA leadership in efforts to raise awareness and advance the role of D&I science in improving population health.
Karl Haushofer as a “Pioneer” of National Socialist Cultural Diplomacy in Fascist Italy
Authors: Bassoni Nicola 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe relevant historiography has largely overlooked the role of Karl Haushofer as a cultural-political actor in National Socialist-Fascist relations. From 1924 to 1944, the German geopolitician dealt extensively with Italy, with an eye to both its geopolitical role in Europe and to the political system of Benito Mussolini's regime. On behalf of Rudolf Hess, he began visiting Italy during the 1930s, aiming to overcome ideological and political misunderstandings between Rome and Berlin. He established a network of contacts with Italian scholars and politicians, passed information back to the so-called deputy Führer, and attempted to influence official German policy toward Italy. He eventually promoted the development of an Italian geopolitics, and, in so doing, achieved one of the most significant cultural-political transfers from National Socialist Germany to fascist Italy. This article analyzes the contacts between Haushofer and Italy, both his political activities and his geopolitical theories. It is a case study of a history of contradictions: a man committed to Pan-Germanist culture and to the defense of German minorities abroad, Haushofer also attempted to improve relations between Berlin and Rome. Moreover, he considered the Axis from a geopolitical point of view—as a realization of the European imperial idea—and from a trilateral perspective, i.e., he viewed Japan not only as an ally, but also as a cultural and political model. The reconstruction of Haushofer's relations with Italy is, therefore, an opportunity to rethink the antinomies, as well as the global dimension, of the National Socialist-Fascist alliance.