bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected impact of radiation friction: enhancing production of longitudinal plasma waves
Authors: Gelfer Evgeny , Elkina Nina , Fedotov Alexander 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe study the penetration of ultra-intense (intensity I$$\simeq $$
≃
1023–24 W/cm2) circularly polarized laser pulses into a thick subcritical plasma layer with accounting for radiation friction. We show that radiation pressure is enhanced due to radiation friction in the direction transverse to the laser pulse propagation, and that for stronger and longer laser pulses this mechanism dominates over the ordinary ponderomotive pressure, thus resulting in a substantionaly stronger charge separation than anticipated previously. We give estimates of the effect and compare them with the results of one and two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. This effect can be important for laser-based acceleration schemes.
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins impair pro-inflammatory macrophage responses
Authors: Bhattacharjee Pushpak , Keyel Peter A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNecrotizing soft tissue infections are lethal polymicrobial infections. Two key microbes that cause necrotizing soft tissue infections are Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium perfringens. These pathogens evade innate immunity using multiple virulence factors, including cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs). CDCs are resisted by mammalian cells through the sequestration and shedding of pores during intrinsic membrane repair. One hypothesis is that vesicle shedding promotes immune evasion by concomitantly eliminating key signaling proteins present in cholesterol-rich microdomains. To test this hypothesis, murine macrophages were challenged with sublytic CDC doses. CDCs suppressed LPS or IFNγ-stimulated TNFα production and CD69 and CD86 surface expression. This suppression was cell intrinsic. Two membrane repair pathways, patch repair and intrinsic repair, might mediate TNFα suppression. However, patch repair did not correlate with TNFα suppression. Intrinsic repair partially contributed to macrophage dysfunction because TLR4 and the IFNγR were partially shed following CDC challenge. Intrinsic repair was not sufficient for suppression, because pore formation was also required. These findings suggest that even when CDCs fail to kill cells, they may impair innate immune signaling responses dependent on cholesterol-rich microdomains. This is one potential mechanism to explain the lethality of S. pyogenes and C. perfringens during necrotizing soft tissue infections.
Molecular basis of autotrophic vs mixotrophic growth in Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Cecchin M. , Benfatto S. , Griggio F. , Mori A. , Cazzaniga S. , Vitulo N. , Delledonne M. , Ballottari M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the molecular basis of autotrophic vs. mixotrophic growth of Chlorella sorokiniana, one of the most productive microalgae species with high potential to produce biofuels, food and high value compounds. To increase biomass accumulation, photosynthetic microalgae are commonly cultivated in mixotrophic conditions, adding reduced carbon sources to the growth media. In the case of C. sorokiniana, the presence of acetate enhanced biomass, proteins, lipids and starch productivity when compared to autotrophic conditions. Despite decreased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic properties were essentially unaffected while differential gene expression profile revealed transcriptional regulation of several genes mainly involved in control of carbon flux. Interestingly, acetate assimilation caused upregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme, enabling potential recovery of carbon atoms lost by acetate oxidation. The obtained results allowed to associate the increased productivity observed in mixotrophy in C. sorokiniana with a different gene regulation leading to a fine regulation of cell metabolism.
Evaluation of the relevance of DILI predictive hypotheses in early drug development: review of in vitro methodologies vs. BDDCS classification
Authors: Chan Rosa , Benet Leslie Z. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety concern; it occurs frequently; it is idiosyncratic; it cannot be adequately predicted; and a multitude of underlying mechanisms has been postulated. A number of experimental approaches to predict human DILI have been proposed utilizing in vitro screening such as inhibition of mitochondrial function, hepatobiliary transporter inhibition, reactive metabolite formation with and without covalent binding, and cellular health, but they have achieved only minimal success. Several studies have shown total administered dose alone or in combination with drug lipophilicity to be correlated with a higher risk of DILI. However, it would be best to have a predictive DILI methodology early in drug development, long before the clinical dose is known. Here we discuss the extent to which Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) defining characteristics, independent of knowing actual drug pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and dose, can be used to evaluate prior published predictive proposals. Our results show that BDDCS Class 2 drugs exhibit the highest DILI severity, and that all of the short-lived published methodologies evaluated here, except when daily dose is known, do not yield markedly better predictions than BDDCS. The assertion that extensively metabolized compounds are at higher risk of developing DILI is confirmed, but can be enhanced by differentiating BDDCS Class 2 from Class 1 drugs. Conclusion: Our published analyses suggest that comparison of proposed DILI prediction methodologies with BDDCS classification is a useful tool to evaluate the potential reliability of newly proposed algorithms, although BDDCS classification itself is not sufficiently predictive. Almost all of the predictive DILI metrics do no better than just avoiding BDDCS Class 2 drugs, although some early data with microliver platforms enabling long-enduring metabolic competency show promising results.
Factors Contributing to Preschoolers' Communicative Participation Outcomes: Findings From a Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Cunningham Barbara Jane , Hanna Steven E. , Rosenbaum Peter , Thomas-Stonell Nancy , Oddson Bruce 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify predictors of communicative participation outcomes for a large cohort of preschoolers with speech and language impairments.

Method

A secondary analysis of longitudinal program evaluation data from Ontario, Canada's Preschool Speech and Language Program was done. Data available for 46,872 children 18–67 months of age (
M
= 41.76 months,
SD
= 11.92; 68% boys, 32% girls) were previously used to predict children's communicative participation skill development in 5 levels of function. Demographic and intervention-based variables were added to the models to identify new predictors of growth.

Results
Three demographic and 3 intervention-based variables were statistically significant predictors of children's communicative participation outcomes. Clinically significant predictors included participation in an early learning environment, receipt of speech-language interventions, and the amount of time spent in intervention. These variables impacted predicted outcomes differently, depending on a child's level of communicative function.

Conclusions
This population-based study of preschoolers with speech and language impairments identified predictors of growth in communicative participation skills—an outcome important and meaningful to families but not often explored. A broad picture emerged of factors that may influence the development of communicative participation skills and may be used to predict outcomes for preschoolers. Given the large sample size, these robust findings may be used to predict outcomes outside the Preschool Speech and Language Program as well.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6024422
A Systematic Review of Semantic Feature Analysis Therapy Studies for Aphasia
Authors: Efstratiadou Evangelia Antonia , Papathanasiou Ilias , Holland Rachel , Archonti Anastasia , Hilari Katerina 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to review treatment studies of semantic feature analysis (SFA) for persons with aphasia. The review documents how SFA is used, appraises the quality of the included studies, and evaluates the efficacy of SFA.

Method

The following electronic databases were systematically searched (last search February 2017): Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus, E-journals, Health Policy Reference Centre, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and SocINDEX. The quality of the included studies was rated. Clinical efficacy was determined by calculating effect sizes (Cohen's
d
) or percent of nonoverlapping data when
d
could not be calculated.

Results
Twenty-one studies were reviewed reporting on 55 persons with aphasia. SFA was used in 6 different types of studies: confrontation naming of nouns, confrontation naming of verbs, connected speech/discourse, group, multilingual, and studies where SFA was compared with other approaches. The quality of included studies was high (Single Case Experimental Design Scale average [range] = 9.55 [8.0–11]). Naming of trained items improved for 45 participants (81.82%). Effect sizes indicated that there was a small treatment effect.

Conclusions
SFA leads to positive outcomes despite the variability of treatment procedures, dosage, duration, and variations to the traditional SFA protocol. Further research is warranted to examine the efficacy of SFA and generalization effects in larger controlled studies.
Photonics‐based wideband Doppler frequency shift measurement by in‐phase and quadrature detection
Authors: Zhang Fangzheng , Shi Jingzhan , Pan Shilong 
Published: April 2018

The authors propose and demonstrate a photonics‐based wideband Doppler frequency shift (DFS) measurement scheme through in‐phase and quadrature detection. The system has a compact structure applying cascaded phase modulation and polarisation modulation. It is easy to implement since both the value and sign of the DFS can be estimated by simple signal processing. More importantly, the proposed scheme is suitable for both DFS measurement and direction discrimination over a very wide frequency range. In the experiment, accurate DFS measurement with a large carrier frequency range from 5 to 40 GHz is demonstrated with the measurement error kept within ±12 Hz.
Hybrid distribution transformer based on a bipolar direct AC/AC converter
Authors: Kaniewski Jacek 
Published: April 2018

Dynamic states in the power grid – deep voltage sags and swells, voltage fluctuation – can cause faults and defects in sensitive loads and in consequence financial losses. This study presents a voltage conditioner based on a direct PWM AC/AC converter with matrix chopper cooperating with a distribution transformer, called a hybrid distribution transformer (HDT). In comparison with other solutions of hybrid and smart distribution transformers, the proposed HDT is characterised by having a simple construction and small number of power electronic switches, a wide range and continuously variable voltage control character, and good dynamic properties, in combination with a high reliability. The study contains a detailed operational description and the experimental test results of a 1 kVA rated power laboratory model. The experimental tests were conducted in a closed control‐loop with a peak detector unit in a feedback path, as well as with various types of voltage perturbation with linear and non‐linear loads. In addition, some of the properties of the proposed HDT have been compared with other similar hybrid and smart distribution transformers described in the literature.
Correcting for peculiar velocities of Type Ia supernovae in clusters of galaxies
Authors: Léget P.-F. , Pruzhinskaya M. V. , Ciulli A. , Gangler E. , Aldering G. , Antilogus P. , Aragon C. , Bailey S. , Baltay C. , Barbary K. , Bongard S. , Boone K. , Buton C. , Childress M. , Chotard N. , Copin Y. , Dixon S. , Fagrelius P. , Feindt U. , Fouchez D. , Gris P. , Hayden B. , Hillebrandt W. , Howell D. A. , Kim A. , Kowalski M. , Kuesters D. , Lombardo S. , Lin Q. , Nordin J. , Pain R. , Pecontal E. , Pereira R. , Perlmutter S. , Rabinowitz D. , Rigault M. , Runge K. , Rubin D. , Saunders C. , Says L.-P. , Smadja G. , Sofiatti C. , Suzuki N. , Taubenberger S. , Tao C. , Thomas R. C. ,   The Nearby Supernova Factory
Published: April 2018

Context. Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are widely used to measure the expansion of the Universe. To perform such measurements the luminosity and cosmological redshift (z) of the SNe Ia have to be determined. The uncertainty on z includes an unknown peculiar velocity, which can be very large for SNe Ia in the virialized cores of massive clusters.
Aims. We determine which SNe Ia exploded in galaxy clusters using 145 SNe Ia from the Nearby Supernova Factory. We then study how the correction for peculiar velocities of host galaxies inside the clusters improves the Hubble residuals.
Methods. We found 11 candidates for membership in clusters. We applied the biweight technique to estimate the redshift of a cluster. Then, we used the galaxy cluster redshift instead of the host galaxy redshift to construct the Hubble diagram.
Results. For SNe Ia inside galaxy clusters, the dispersion around the Hubble diagram when peculiar velocities are taken into account is smaller compared with a case without peculiar velocity correction, which has a wRMS = 0.130 ± 0.038 mag instead of wRMS = 0.137 ± 0.036 mag. The significance of this improvement is 3.58σ. If we remove the very nearby Virgo cluster member SN2006X (z < 0.01) from the analysis, the significance decreases to 1.34σ. The peculiar velocity correction is found to be highest for the SNe Ia hosted by blue spiral galaxies. Those SNe Ia have high local specific star formation rates and smaller stellar masses, which is seemingly counter to what might be expected given the heavy concentration of old, massive elliptical galaxies in clusters.
Conclusions. As expected, the Hubble residuals of SNe Ia associated with massive galaxy clusters improve when the cluster redshift is taken as the cosmological redshift of the supernova. This fact has to be taken into account in future cosmological analyses in order to achieve higher accuracy for cosmological redshift measurements. We provide an approach to do so.
Risk factors for advanced duodenal and ampullary adenomatosis in familial adenomatous polyposis: a prospective, single-center study
Authors: Sulbaran M. , Campos F. , Ribeiro U. , Kishi H. , Sakai P. , de Moura E. , Bustamante-López L. , Tomitão M. , Nahas S. , Cecconello I. , Safatle-Ribeiro A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims To determine the clinical features associated with advanced duodenal and ampullary adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis. Secondarily, we describe the prevalence and clinical significance of jejunal polyposis.
Patients and methods This is a single center, prospective study of 62 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Duodenal polyposis was classified according to Spigelman and ampullary adenomas were identified. Patients with Spigelman III and IV duodenal polyposis underwent balloon assisted enteroscopy. Predefined groups according to Spigelman and presence or not of ampullary adenomas were related to the clinical variables: gender, age, family history of familial adenomatous polyposis, type of colorectal surgery, and type of colorectal polyposis.
Results Advanced duodenal polyposis was present in 13 patients (21 %; 9 male) at a mean age of 37.61 ± 13.9 years. There was a statistically significant association between family history of the disease and groups according to Spigelman (P = 0.03). Seven unrelated patients (6 male) presented ampullary adenomas at a mean age of 36.14 ± 14.2 years. The association between ampullary adenomas and extraintestinal manifestations was statistically significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.009). Five endoscopic types of non-ampullary adenoma were identified, showing that lesions larger than 10 mm or with a central depression presented foci of high grade dysplasia. Among 28 patients in 12 different families, a similar Spigelman score was identified; 10/12 patients (83.3 %) who underwent enteroscopy presented small tubular adenomas with low grade dysplasia in the proximal jejunum.
Conclusions Advanced duodenal polyposis phenotype may be predictable from disease severity in a first-degree relative. Ampullary adenomas were independently associated with the presence of extraintestinal manifestations.Study registration: NCT02656134
Kapsulorhexis Real-Life – erfahrener Operateur versus Literaturdaten zur Femto Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS)
Authors: Sachers Frank , Goldblum David 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Kapsulorhexis ist einer der wichtigsten Schritte der Kataraktchirurgie. Gute Zentrierung, zirkuläre Überlappung bei ausreichender Größe und ein intakter Rhexisrand gewährleisten eine optimale Intraokularlinsenzentrierung (IOL-Zentrierung). Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Resultate eines erfahrenen Operateurs mit berichteten Daten von femtolaserassistierten Kataraktoperationen (FLACS) zu vergleichen.
Patienten und Methoden 105 konsekutive Kataraktoperationen wurden fotodokumentiert, bei 81 Aufnahmen erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung bezüglich Durchmesser und Überlappung der IOL. Die Häufigkeit radiärer Einrisse wurde der EUREQUO-Statistik des Operateurs entnommen.
Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Rhexisgröße betrug 5,03 ± 0,3 mm, der Unterschied der beiden erfassten Durchmesser 0,28 ± 0,18 mm. 88,9% der auswertbaren Rhexen wiesen eine zirkuläre Überlappung auf. Radiäre Einrisse traten bei den letzten 8000, in EUREQUO erfassten Eingriffen nicht auf, entsprechend einer Häufigkeit von unter 0,0125%.
Schlussfolgerungen Im Vergleich mit der mittels Femtolaser durchgeführten Kapsulotomie sind die Resultate bezüglich Überlappung vergleichbar. Ob die diskret „rundere“ Kapseleröffnung eine klinische Relevanz besitzt, bleibt offen. Das Risiko eines radiären Einrisses der vorderen Kapsel ist bei einem erfahrenen Operateur sehr gering und gegenüber FLACS geringer.
The Essential Ectoenzyme SmNPP5 from the Human Intravascular Parasite Schistosoma mansoni is an ADPase and a Potent Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Elzoheiry Manal , Da'dara Akram , deLaforcade Armelle , El-Beshbishi Samar , Skelly Patrick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSchistosomes are intravascular parasitic platyhelminthes infecting > 200 million people globally and causing a debilitating disease, schistosomiasis. Despite the relatively large size of the adult worms and their disruption of blood flow, surprisingly, they do not appear to provoke thrombus formation around them in vivo. We hypothesize that proteins expressed at the host–parasite interface are key to this ability. Here, we functionally express an ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase homologue, SmNPP5, that is expressed at the tegumental surface of intravascular Schistosoma mansoni. We report that SmNPP5, a known virulence factor for the worms, is a type one glycoprotein that cleaves the artificial substrate p-Nph-5′-TMP in a reaction that requires cations and at an optimal pH of 9. Using immunolocalization and enzyme activity measurements, we confirm that SmNPP5 is exclusively expressed at the host interactive surface of all intravascular life stages. SmNPP5 inhibits platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) using whole blood. Inhibition is apparent when either collagen or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is used as agonist but is lost following heat treatment of SmNPP5. Unlike its mammalian homologue, NPP5, the schistosome protein cleaves ADP and with a Km of 246 ± 34 µM. In sum, SmNPP5 is expressed in the intravascular environment where it can degrade ADP and act as an anticoagulant. In this manner, the protein likely helps limit blood clot formation around the worms in vivo to permit the parasites free movement within the vasculature.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 in Various Disease States
Authors: Kruithof Egbert K O , Gudinchet Annelise , Bachmann Fedor 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe association of increased PA-inhibitor (PAI) activity and of PAI-1 and PAI-2 antigen levels with different pathological conditions was studied in a collective of over 300 patients. PAI-1 and PAI-2 levels were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. A good correlation was observed of PAI activity with PAI-1 antigen (r = 0.718; p <0.0001) but not with PAI-2 (r = 0.070; n.s.). Both in the controls and in the patients, PAI activity and PAI-1 antigen showed an extremely large range of values. PAI activity ranged from 0.5 to 68 U/ml and PAI-1 antigen from 6 to 600 ng/ml. Increased PAI activity and PAI-1 antigen was observed in patients with malignant tumors, cardiovascular or thromboembolic disease, in the postoperative phase, with hepatic insufficiency, after trauma and after extracorporeal circulation. The large spectrum of disease states with increased PAI activity and PAI-1 antigen reinforces previous suggestions that PAI-1 is an acute phase reactant. After extracorporeal circulation, PAI activity and PAI-1 concentrations strongly increased within one hour, remained elevated for at least one week and returned to preoperation values within 7 days.PAI-2 values ranged from below detection limit (15 ng/ml), observed in half of the plasmas, to 485 ng/ml in a pregnant woman. High values of PAI-2 were only observed in pregnancy.
AT III Barcelona: A Familial Quantitative-Qualitative AT III Deficiency
Authors: Grau E , Fontcuberta J , Félez J , de Diego I , Soto R , Rutllant M LI 
Published: April 2018

SummaryA quantitative and qualitative deficiency of antithrombin III (AT III) was found in four members of a Spanish family with thrombotic tendency. In all affected members, levels of AT III antigen and activity (heparin cofactor activity) were reduced to 50% of the normal range. When crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was performed in the presence of heparin, an abnormal slow-moving peak was found. Crossed immunoelectrofocusing (CIEF) from normal and affected individuals showed that normal AT III migrated between pH 4.9–5.3 while the AT III under study was asymetrically distributed between two pH ranges: 4.9–5.3 and 4.6–4.8. Affinity adsorption of affected members’ plasma to heparin-sepharose beads revealed one population of AT III in the supernatant corresponding to the abnormal AT III, devoid of heparin cofactor activity and showing a peak between pH range: 4.6–4.8 in CIEF.Our data supports the view that a quantitative-qualitative deficiency was present in the heterozygous state in all the affected family members. Both normal and abnormal ATIII were present in plasma of the affected individuals. This abnormal ATIII was characterized by a lack of affinity for heparin. This familial ATIII deficiency was named ATIII Barcelona.