bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hans Scharoun
Authors: Mambella Laura 
Published: October 2019

Après la 2eme guerre mondiale, l’architecte allemande Hans Scharoun est convaincu de la nécessité d'un lieu d'apprentissage où l'enfant pourrait développer ses compétences sans les contraintes imposées par la société. Selon l’architecte, l’école est un lieu de développement humain (individuel et communautaire) où se préparent ceux qui élaboreront un nouveau modèle de société démocratique.
Radioactive iodine therapy for pediatric Graves’ disease: a single-center experience over a 10-year period
Authors: Kaplowitz Paul B. , Jiang Jiji , Vaidyanathan Priya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Only about 30% of pediatric patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism achieve remission with medical therapy, and therefore radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is often used as a definitive treatment. Although the goal of RAI is permanent hypothyroidism, this is not consistently achieved. We conducted a chart review to determine the factors associated with the success of RAI. We also tried to determine optimal follow-up post RAI and if there was an optimal L-thyroxine dose that would normalize the hypothyroid state quickly.

Methods
This is a retrospective chart review of Graves’ patients who underwent RAI between 2008 and 2017. We included age, sex, time from diagnosis, thyroid gland size, total dose of I-131 and dose in μCi/g of thyroid tissue. Patients were grouped based on outcome and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Follow-up thyroid levels post RAI and after starting l-thyroxine were analyzed.

Results
There were 78 ablations including six repeat ablations. Seventy-three percent became hypothyroid, 23% remained overtly or subclinically hyperthyroid, and 4% were euthyroid. Smaller thyroid size (36.5 vs. 47.4 g; p = 0.037) and higher dose of I-131 (242 vs. 212 μCi/g thyroid tissue; p = 0.013) were associated with a higher likelihood of hypothyroidism. Most patients remained hyperthyroid at 1 month post RAI, but by 3 months the majority became hypothyroid. There was no clear L-thyroxine dose that normalized hypothyroidism quickly.

Conclusions
An I-131 dose close to 250 μCi/g of thyroid tissue has a higher likelihood of achieving hypothyroidism. Testing at 2–3 months after RAI is most helpful to confirm response to RAI.
Levi’s Periodic System vs. Mendeleev’s Periodic System: two engaged views of chemistry between science and literature
Authors: Ghibaudi Elena 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A comparison between the figures of Levi and Mendeleev is proposed, based on their peculiar ways of conceiving their professional role of chemist, their life experiences, their achievements and their thought. The Weltanschauung of these two figures, despite their having lived in distinct historical periods and their belonging to distinct cultures, was deeply influenced by the fact of being chemists: chemistry was – for both of them – a tool for interpreting the world around them and acting effectively in it. The chemistry Levi talks about in his writings is not just a narrative pretext: it is part of his vision of the world and a means of survival in the hellish context of the extermination camp. Similarly, Mendeleev’s idea of chemistry was always related to the life context and the human condition: this explains his pedagogical concerns and the attention payed to social, economic and cultural issues typical of his time. Both Levi and Mendeleev were chemists for whom chemistry was a means of civil engagement. Their writings show that chemistry was a source of inspiration for their ethics.
The National Strategy for Inner Areas: Innovation, Policy Transfer and Post-Earthquake Reconstruction
Authors: Baldi Brunetta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (NSIA) as a new policy for local development only partially linked to the European cohesion policy. It focuses on its innovative contents (vision, governance and methodology), and mainly on the transfer of innovation to lower levels of government and between local administrations. As an empirical study of policy transfer and policy innovation in a system of multilevel governance it shows an unexpected transfer of the NSIA methodology to another policy field: that of post-earthquake reconstruction in Central Italy. The article concludes by applying the typology of policy transfer developed in its first part to the analysis of the case-study as a whole.
Closed-Loop Acoustic Stimulation Enhances Sleep Oscillations But Not Memory Performance
Authors: Henin Simon , Borges Helen , Shankar Anita , Sarac Cansu , Melloni Lucia , Friedman Daniel , Flinker Adeen , Parra Lucas C. , Buzsaki Gyorgy , Devinsky Orrin , Liu Anli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSlow oscillations and spindle activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep have been implicated in memory consolidation. Closed-loop acoustic stimulation has previously been shown to enhance slow oscillations and spindle activity during sleep and improve verbal associative memory. We assessed the effect of closed-loop acoustic stimulation during a daytime nap on a virtual reality spatial navigation task in 12 healthy human subjects in a randomized within-subject crossover design. We show robust enhancement of slow oscillation and spindle activity during sleep. However, no effects on behavioral performance were observed when comparing real versus sham stimulation. To explore whether memory enhancement effects were task specific and dependent on nocturnal sleep, in a second experiment with 19 healthy subjects, we aimed to replicate a previous study that used closed-loop acoustic stimulation to enhance memory for word pairs. The methods used were as close as possible to those used in the original study, except that we used a double-blind protocol, in which both subject and experimenter were unaware of the test condition. Again, we successfully enhanced slow oscillation and spindle power, but again did not strengthen associative memory performance with stimulation. We conclude that enhancement of sleep oscillations may be insufficient to enhance memory performance in spatial navigation or verbal association tasks, and provide possible explanations for lack of behavioral replication.
rmtA-Dependent Transcriptome and Its Role in Secondary Metabolism, Environmental Stress, and Virulence inAspergillus flavus
Authors: Satterlee Timothy , Entwistle Sarah , Yin Yanbin , Cary Jeffery W , Lebar Matthew , Losada Liliana , Calvo Ana M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAspergillus flavus colonizes numerous oil seed crops such as maize, peanuts, treenuts and cottonseed worldwide, contaminating them with aflatoxins and other harmful toxins. Previously our lab characterized the gene rmtA, which encodes an arginine methyltransferase in A. flavus, and demonstrated its role governing the expression of regulators in the aflatoxin gene cluster and subsequent synthesis of toxin. Furthermore, our studies revealed that rmtA also controls conidial and sclerotial development implicating it as an epigenetic regulator in A. flavus. To confirm this, we performed a RNA sequencing analysis to ascertain the extent of rmtA’s influence on the transcriptome of A. flavus. In this analysis we identified over 2000 genes that were rmtA-dependent, including over 200 transcription factor genes, as well as an uncharacterized secondary metabolite gene cluster possibly responsible for the synthesis of an epidithiodiketopiperazine-like compound. Our results also revealed rmtA-dependent genes involved in multiple types of abiotic stress response in A. flavus. Importantly, hundreds of genes active during maize infection were also regulated by rmtA. In addition, in the animal infection model, rmtA was dispensable for virulence, however forced overexpression of rmtA increased mortality with respect to the wild type.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION: THE LEARNING CONUNDRUM IN THE TRANSNATIONAL CONTEXT
Authors: Pimpa Nattavud 
Published: October 2019

program co-offered by two partners from Australia and Singapore, as well as, to understand challenges in the management of transnational entrepreneurship education programs.
Methodology: Qualitative approach was adopted in this study. The data were collected, using a personal interview, from twenty-one students in the transnational entrepreneurship education program. We focus on what Singaporean students identified as challenges in learning in the transnational entrepreneurship education program in the Australian context from the Singaporean view.
Findings: Issues regarding pedagogical in the transnational program, host and home countries’ factors, and learning and teaching experiences are reported as the key challenges. In fact, this study unfolds the complexity of the management of transnational entrepreneurship education, engagements among students from different locations, and cross-cultural bias in the management of the program, people, and learning.
Applications: It is suggested that addressing these challenges requires managers of transnational entrepreneurship education programs to consider issues of power and inequality inherent in teaching partnerships, and the mindset change needed to develop global perspectives.
Novelty/Originality: This study unfolds challenges of transnational education program, by examining the nature of students in the entrepreneurship education (EE) programs. EE is unique, due to its nature and approaches in learning and teaching.
Orthopaedic Resident Burnout Is Associated with Poor In-Training Examination Performance
Authors: Strauss Eric J. , Markus Danielle H. , Kingery Matthew T. , Zuckerman Joseph , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Resident burnout—the state of exhaustion, maladaptive detachment, and low sense of accomplishment—is a widely documented phenomenon that affects between 27% and 75% of residents in the United States. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the relationship between resident burnout and performance on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE). The current investigation sought to evaluate whether an association exists between indices of orthopaedic surgery resident burnout as assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and performance on the OITE.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study of the orthopaedic surgery residents at a single large academic institution, the MBI was completed by all trainees in May 2016. The results of the 2016 OITE were documented for each resident, including the percentage of correctly answered questions and OITE percentile ranking. To control for individual test-taking skills, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step-1 and Step-2 scores also were documented for each resident. The relationship between the MBI subscale scores and OITE performance was evaluated.

Results:
The analysis included 100% of the 62 orthopaedic surgery residents in training at our institution. Sixteen (25.8%) of the residents experienced at least moderate emotional exhaustion, while 32 (51.6%) of the residents experienced at least moderate depersonalization and 8 (12.9%) of the residents experienced a moderate sense of impaired personal accomplishment. Postgraduate year (PGY)-2 residents had the highest emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores compared with residents in other years of training. Each of the 3 MBI indices of burnout was associated with worse OITE performance when controlling for general test-taking ability.

Conclusions:
In this study of orthopaedic surgery residents at a large academic training program, burnout was present among residents in all PGYs of training; it was most prevalent during the second year of training. Increased levels of the 3 components of burnout were associated with worse performance on the OITE. While there is a lack of consensus in the existing literature, this study provides additional evidence that burnout is negatively associated with 1 aspect of overall resident performance.

Clinical Relevance:
Orthopaedic surgery residency training is challenging; residents are tasked to acquire a considerable amount of knowledge, develop complex surgical skills, and hone critical clinical thinking in a relatively short period of time. Identifying modifiable contributors to resident burnout and the development of strategies to promote resident wellness during training are important as we strive toward developing the next generation of capable, competent, and well-balanced orthopaedic surgeons.
The Effect of Prolonged Postoperative Antibiotic Administration on the Rate of Infection in Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Surgery Requiring a Closed-Suction Drain
Authors: Urquhart Jennifer C. , Collings Darryl , Nutt Lori , Kuska Linda , Gurr Kevin R. , Siddiqi Fawaz , Rasoulinejad Parham , Fleming Alyssa , Collie Joanne , Bailey Christopher S. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Closed-suction drains are frequently used following posterior spinal surgery. The optimal timing of antibiotic discontinuation in this population may influence infection risk, but there is a paucity of evidence. The aim of this study was to determine whether postoperative antibiotic administration for 72 hours (24 hours after drain removal as drains were removed on the second postoperative day) decreases the incidence of surgical site infection compared with postoperative antibiotic administration for 24 hours.

Methods:
Patients undergoing posterior thoracolumbar spinal surgery managed with a closed-suction drain were prospectively randomized into 1 of 2 groups of postoperative antibiotic durations: (1) 24 hours, or (2) 24 hours after drain removal (72 hours). Drains were discontinued on the second postoperative day. The duration of antibiotic administration was not blinded. All subjects received a single dose of preoperative antibiotics, as well as intraoperative antibiotics if the surgical procedure lasted >4 hours. The primary outcome was the rate of complicated surgical site infection (deep or organ or space) within 1 year of the surgical procedure.

Results:
The trial was terminated at an interim analysis, when 552 patients were enrolled, for futility with respect to the primary outcome. In this study, 282 patients were randomized to postoperative antibiotics for 24 hours and 270 patients were randomized to postoperative antibiotics for 72 hours. A complicated infection developed in 17 patients (6.0%) in the 24-hour group and in 14 patients (5.2%) in the 72-hour group (p = 0.714). The superficial infection rate did not differ between the groups (p = 0.654): 9.6% in the 24-hour group compared with 8.1% in the 72-hour group. Patients in the 72-hour group had a median hospital stay that was 1 day longer (p < 0.001). At 1 year, patient-rated outcomes including leg and back pain and physical and mental functioning were not different between the groups.

Conclusions:
The extension of postoperative antibiotics for 72 hours, when a closed-suction drain is required, was not associated with a reduction in the rate of complicated surgical site infection after posterior thoracolumbar spinal surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of Levels of Evidence.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Jingyi , Zhu Haibei , Liao Ren 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: With the substantially growing trend of the aging populations in China and the rest of the world, the number of total hip and total knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) cases are increasing dramatically. It’s important to develop practical strategies to improve the quality of healthcare and better outcome for patients undergoing THA and TKA. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been reported to promote earlier recovery and be beneficial for patients. We propose the hypothesis that ERAS pathway could reduce the length of stay (LOS)in hospital for patients undergoing primary THA or TKA.
Methods/Design:This trial is a prospective, open-labelled, multi-centered, randomizedcontrolledtrial that will test the superiority of ERAS pathway in term of LOS in hospital for the patients undergoing primary THA or TKAas compared to current non-ERAS clinical practice.A total of 640 patients undergoing primary THA or TKA will be randomly allocated to either ERAS pathway (ERAS group) or conventional care according to individual participating center(non-ERAS group).The primary outcome is the total LOS in hospital, the secondary outcomes include postoperative LOS, all-cause mortality by 30 days after operation, in-hospital complications, early mobilization, postoperative pain control, total in-hospital cost, and readmission rateby 30 days after discharge from the hospital.
Discussion: This trial is designed to evaluate the superiority of the ERAS pathway to conventional non-ERAS clinical practice in reducing the LOS.The results may provide new insight into the clinical applications of ERAS pathway for total hip and total knee arthroplasty.
Trial registration:The National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry, NCT03517098. Registered 04, May, 2018. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/ SelectProtocol?sid=S0007YV7&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0001B4E&ts=2&cx=97eyz9
Influence of plant growth regulators on morphogenic response, biomass and camptothecin production in the callus cultures of Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Alston
Authors: Isah Tasiu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In vitro morphogenic response of mature seed embryo-derived callus cultures of Chonemorpha fragrans was studied using solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog medium amended with cytokinins or their combinations with naphthalene acetic acid at 0.5 mg L-1.Results: The tested plant growth regulators combination and concentrations could not stimulate organogenesis after three subcultivations of the callus cultures on the same PGRs-amended solid medium, and when cultivated in the liquid but, formation of morphogenic callus was observed. Evaluation of biomass and camptothecin production showed that the PGRs influenced biomass and CPT yield of the callus cultures. The alkaloid yield of various explants of 3–4 weeks old axenic seedlings was higher in roots (0.019 % CPT) followed by mature seed embryos (0.0053 %), cotyledons (0.0039 %), hypocotyls (0.0024 %) and leaves (0.0017 %). There was no significant difference in yield of CPT from callus induced from the various explants. Camptothecin yield of morphogenic callus cultures cultivated in liquid medium was lower than that of solid due to extracellular leaching effect of the alkaloid. Amount of synthesized CPT in the callus cultures also varied with PGR type and concentration amended in the cultivation medium, and showed association with biomass production.Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that callus cultures offer alternative tissue source for in vitro CPT yield enhancement through biotechnological approaches, with application in the large-scale production of the alkaloid to conserve the ever decimated natural population of the medicinal woody climber for CPT.
Phenotypic Analysis Combined with Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) Labeling Reveal the Heterogeneity of Strawberry Stolon Buds
Authors: Guan Ling , Zhao Mizhen , Qian Yaming , Yu Hongmei , Xia Jin , Wu Ejiao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Ramet propagation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is the most effective way in production. However, the lack of systematically phenotypic observations and high-throughput methods limits our ability to analyze the key factors regulating the heterogeneity in strawberry stolon buds. Results: From observation, we found that the axillary bud located in the first node quickly stepped into dormancy (DSB), after several bract and leaf buds were differentiated. The stolon apical meristem (SAM) degenerated as the new ramet leaf buds (RLB), and the new active axillary stolon buds (ASB) differentiated continually after the differentiation of the first leaf. Using the tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling method, a total of 7,271 strawberry proteins were identified. Between ASB and DSB, the spliceosome DEPs, such as Ser/Arg-rich (SR) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP), showed the highest enrichment and high PPI connectivity. This indicated that the differences in DEPs (e.g., SF-3A and PK) at the transcriptional level may be causing the differences between the physiological statuses of ASB and DSB. As expected, the photosynthetic pre-form RLB mainly differentiated from ASB and DSB judging by the DEP enrichment of photosynthesis. However, there are still other specialized features of DEPs between RLB and DSB and between ASB and DSB. The DEPs relative to DNA duplication [e.g., minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM 2, 3, 4, 7)], provide a strong hint of functional gene duplication leading the bud heterogeneity between RLB and DSB. In addition, the top fold change DEP of LSH 10-like might be involved in the degeneration of SAM into RLBs, based on its significant function in modulating the plant shoot initiation. As for RLB/ASB, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway probably regulates the ramet axillary bud specialization, and further promotes the differentiation of xylem when ASB develops into a new stolon [e.g., cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (CAD1) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (PAL1)]. Conclusions: By using phenotypic observation combined with proteomic networks with different types of strawberry stolon buds, the definite dormancy phase of DSB was identified, and the biological pathways and gene networks that might be responsible for heterogeneity among different stolon buds in strawberry were also revealed.
Disaster preparedness among Thai elderly emergency department patients: A survey of patients’ perspective
Authors: Sri Jiraporn , Vanichkulbodee Alissara , Sinsuwan Natchapon , Rojsaengroeng Rapeeporn , Kamsom Anucha , Liu Shan Woo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In disaster situations, the elderly are considered to be a particularly vulnerable population. Preparedness is the key to reduce post-disaster damage. There is limited research in middle-income countries on how well elderly emergency department (ED) patients are prepared for disaster situations. The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and behavior of elderly ED patients toward disaster preparedness. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional face-to-face survey at one urban teaching hospital in Bangkok, Thailand between August 1st and September 30th, 2016. Patients aged 60 and older who presented to the ED were included to this study. We excluded patients who had severe dementia [defined as Short Portable Mental State Questionnaires (SPMSQ) > 8], were unable to speak Thai, had severe trauma and/or needed immediate resuscitation. The survey instruction was adapted from previous disaster surveys. This study was approved by the Vajira Institutional Review Board (IRB). Results: A total of 243 patients were enrolled. Most of them were female [154 patients (63.4%)]. The median age was 72 [Interquartile range (IQR) 66-81] years and the most common underlying diseases were hypertension [148 patients (60.9%)] and diabetes [108 patients (44.4%)]. The majority of patients [172 patients (72.4%)] reported that they had had some teaching about disaster knowledge from a healthcare provider and had experienced a disaster [138 patients (56.8%)]. While 175/197 (81.8%) patients who had underlying diseases reported that they had a medication supply for disaster situations, only 61 (25.1%) patients had an emergency toolbox for disasters. Most patients (159, 65.4%) did not know the emergency telephone number, and 133 (54.7%) patients reported transportation limitations. Conclusions: While most Thai elderly ED patients reported having a medication supply for disaster situations, many lacked comprehensive plans for a disaster situation. Work needs to be done to improve the quality of preparedness in disaster situations among elderly patients. Future research should focus on preparedness knowledge regarding evacuation, and shelter/residence for older patients.