bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of male age, sperm age and mating history on ejaculate senescence
Authors: Vega‐Trejo Regina , Fox Rebecca J. , Iglesias‐Carrasco Maider , Head Megan L. , Jennions Michael D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

In polyandrous species, a male’s reproductive success depends on his ability to fertilize females, which, in turn, depends on his mating ability and his ability to produce competitive ejaculates. In many species, sperm traits differ between old and young males in ways that are likely to decrease the sperm competitiveness and fertility of older males. This age–ejaculate quality relationship is attributed to male ageing (i.e., senescence).

In a natural setting, male age and mating history are usually confounded: older males have usually mated and replenished their sperm supplies more often, so they have made a greater lifetime reproductive effort. In principle, the costs of reproduction, independent of any causal effect of male age, could generate an age‐related decline in ejaculate quality.

To date, only a handful of studies have determined how male age, reproductive effort or their interaction affect ejaculate quality. Here, we experimentally manipulated the long‐term mating history of 209 adult male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) over 14 weeks (N = 1,118 sperm samples). Males either had direct access to females and could mate freely, or had only visual and olfactory access to females. We documented the effect of mating history, adult male age (3, 9 and 14 weeks post‐maturation) and their interaction on sperm velocity, sperm reserves and the rate of sperm replenishment. For sperm velocity, we additionally examined the effects of sperm age, because when older males mate less (or more) often than younger males there will be a correlation between mean sperm age and male age.

Sexually active males produced fewer sperm and replenished their sperm at a lower rate, and their sperm had lower velocity than males prevented from mating. Though older males produced more sperm, the rate of replenishment and velocity of their sperm was lower than the sperm of younger males. We also tested for a difference in the velocity of recently replenished (<24 hr) and older sperm (i.e., post‐meiotic sperm senescence). There was no evidence that male age or mating history affects the extent of sperm senescence, but older sperm swam faster than recently produced sperm. Crucially, complex interactions are evident between male age and male mating history with respect to sperm number and the proportion of sperm that are replenished.

These results suggest that male age and mating history will interact to determine the reproductive success of a male under sperm competition. They reveal a complex relationship between a male’s age and his ejaculate quality. We suggest that both mating history and sperm age should be controlled for when measuring the intrinsic rate of senescence for male reproductive traits if the goal is to isolate effects that are solely attributable to a male’s chronological age.

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Biogeographic variation of distance‐dependent effects in an invasive tree species
Authors: Yang Qiang , Ding Jianqing , Siemann Evan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Plant pathogens and herbivores can maintain forest diversity by reducing survival of tree seedlings close to conspecifics. However, how biogeographic variation in these natural enemies affects such distance‐dependent processes is unknown. Because invasive plants escape ecologically important enemies when introduced to a new range, distance‐dependent mortality may differ between their native and introduced ranges.

Here, we test whether the invasive tree Triadica sebifera escaped distance‐dependent mortality when introduced to the United States from China, and examine the roles of natural enemies in native and introduced ranges. In both the United States and China, we performed field surveys along with field and greenhouse experiments with field‐collected soils and soil sterilization treatments.

In field surveys and the field experiment, insect damage on T. sebifera seedlings decreased with distance to conspecific trees in the native range (China), but damage was low at all distances in the introduced range (United States). In the greenhouse experiment testing the effects of soil pathogens, T. sebifera seedling mortality decreased with soil distance from conspecific trees in both ranges but distance‐independent mortality was higher in native range soils.

Our findings indicate that both insect herbivores and the soil biota contribute to distance‐dependent effects on T. sebifera in its native range. They suggest, however, that plants may more readily escape herbivore than soil biota distance‐dependent effects when introduced to a new range and so herbivores, rather than soil pathogens, contribute more strongly to biogeographic variation in distance‐dependent effects. These results highlight the importance of considering species biogeographic variation in distance‐dependent effects and teasing apart the roles that different natural enemies play when studying species coexistence, community diversity and biological invasions.
Annexin 1–nuclear factor‐κB–microRNA‐26a regulatory pathway in the metastasis of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Guan Xiaoying , Fang Ying , Long Jie , Zhang Yajie 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundAnnexin 1 (ANXA1) expression is associated with the malignant tumor phenotype, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, little is known about the regulation of ANXA1 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe investigated the biological roles of ANXA1 in tumor growth, migration, and invasion, and explored the possibility of ANXA1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.ResultsOur findings revealed that ANXA1 enhanced nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation in NSCLC cells by interaction with inhibitor of NF‐κB kinase complex subunit, IKKγ. We also found that NF‐κB could negatively regulate microRNA (miR)‐26a, and miR‐26a was regulated through the ANXA1–NF‐κB regulatory pathway. NF‐κB activation negatively regulated by miR‐26a was confirmed in NSCLC.ConclusionTogether, these results provide evidence of the mechanisms of the ANXA1–NF‐κB–miR‐26a regulatory pathway in the invasion and migration in NSCLC.
Influence of screw to joint distance on articular subsidence in tibial‐plateau fractures
Authors: Ye Xuan , Huang Dawei , Perriman Diana M. , Smith Paul N. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundTibial‐plateau fractures with depressed osteochondral fragments have a high incidence of articular subsidence post reduction. Locking plates aim to prevent this via ‘raft’ screws below the subchondral bone. However, differences in plate design and patient anatomy result in variability of screw position in relation to the fragments they are designed to support. We evaluate the effect of screw placement and articular subsidence with this fracture pattern.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of operatively treated tibial‐plateau fractures with free osteochondral fragments was performed to determine if screw placement was correlated with articular subsidence. Primary outcome was the relationship between screw to joint distance and articular subsidence. Secondary outcomes were whether bicortical fixation, presence of bone graft, fracture characteristics and patient age was correlated with articular subsidence.ResultsSixty‐eight of 309 tibial‐plateau fractures had depressed osteochondral fragments (22%). The average thickness of these fragments was 10.2 mm. Fractures with raft screws placed closer to the joint than the thickness of the osteochondral fragment were less likely to subside (1.8 versus 3.4 mm; P = 0.02). The proportion of fractures with no radiographic subsidence was also greater in this cohort versus fractures with distal screw placement (33% versus 8%; P = 0.02). Articular comminution (P = 0.04) and female patients aged over 65 years (P = 0.03) were associated with increased articular subsidence.ConclusionFractures fixed with screws closer to the joint than the thickness of the osteochondral fragment were correlated with less articular subsidence. The ‘screw‐joint distance’ may help guide screw placement intra‐operatively.
The picture superiority effect in associative memory: A developmental study
Authors: Baadte Christiane , Meinhardt‐Injac Bozana 
Published: February 2019

We tested whether semantic relatedness between to‐be‐remembered items and item presentation format (pictorial vs. verbal) affects associative recall. Fifty‐nine children (11–13 years old) and forty young adults (age 18–30) completed a learning and recall task for semantically related (e.g., padlock‐key) and unrelated (e.g., lemon‐piano) picture–picture, word–picture, and word–word pairs. The data revealed memory advantage for semantically related item pairs, and for pictures compared to words. A picture superiority effect was found exclusively for pure picture pairs. Despite pronounced differences in memory accuracy, the effect of semantic relatedness and the picture superiority effect were comparable in adults and children. Semantic relatedness and pictures seem to trigger deeper semantic processing of associated items. Our results suggest distinct contributions of semantic binding and memory strategies to associative memory, while the last seem to account particularly for age‐related differences in associative recall.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Recognition advantage for picture over word stimuli, known as the picture superiority effect.

PSE is found for single and associated picture over word items.

Conflicting data about developmental aspects of the PSE.

What does this study add?

PSE is modulated by pre‐existing semantic relations between picture stimuli.

Semantic relation seems to modulate the PSE to a lesser extent in children than in adults.

The cognitive processes behind the PSE might change with age.
Identification of novel human leukocyte antigen‐A*11:01‐restricted cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte epitopes derived from osteosarcoma antigen papillomavirus binding factor
Authors: Li Dongliang , Toji Shingo , Watanabe Kazue , Torigoe Toshihiko , Tsukahara Tomohide 
Published: February 2019

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignancy of bone that affects young people. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery have significantly improved the prognosis. However, the prognosis of non‐responders to chemotherapy is still poor. To develop peptide‐based immunotherapy for osteosarcoma, we previously identified CTL epitopes derived from papillomavirus binding factor (PBF) in the context of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A2, HLA‐A24 and HLA‐B55. In the present study, we identified two novel CTL epitopes, QVT (QVTVWLLEQK) and LSA (LSALPPPLHK), in the context of HLA‐A11 using a sequence of screenings based on the predicted affinity of peptides, in vitro folding ability of peptide/HLA‐A11 complex, reactivity of peptide/HLA‐A11 tetramer and interferon (IFN)‐γ production of T cells that was induced by mixed lymphocyte peptide culture under a limiting dilution condition. CTL clones directed to QVT and LSA peptides showed specific cytotoxicity against HLA‐A11+PBF+ osteosarcoma (HOS‐A11) cells. In contrast, another epitope, ASV (ASVLSRRLGK), could highly induce cognate tetramer‐positive CTL. This might be because the ASV peptide mimics the peptide ASV (R6Q) (ASVLSQRLGK) derived from bacterial polypeptides, ROK family proteins. However, ASV‐induced CTL did not show cytokine production against the cognate peptide. In conclusion, the CTL epitopes QVT and LSA peptides might be useful for the development of immunotherapy targeting PBF for patients with osteosarcoma.
Comparison of three different types of implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses: A long‐term retrospective study of clinical outcomes and cost‐effectiveness
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Tattan Mustafa , Askar Houssam , Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo study the performance of 2–3 posterior bone‐level dental implants constructed with either three non‐splinted crowns (NSC), three splinted crowns (SC), or a 3‐unit implant‐supported bridge over two implants (ISB).Material and methodsPatients treated with three metal‐ceramic NSC, SC, or an ISB were included in the present retrospective study. Implant survival and success rate as well as all biological and technical complications were collected. The cost associated with each of the treatment options was evaluated in the comparative analysis.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐five patients (40 NSC, 52 SC, and 53 in the ISB) receiving 382 bone‐level implants (120 NSC, 106 ISB, and 156 SC) were included (mean follow‐up of 76.2 months). Lack of success was observed in 33.8% of the total patient sample, being lower in the ISB group. Implant survival rates were 92.5% in the NSC, 100% in the ISB, and 88.5% in the SC, with significant difference noted between the ISB and SC (p = 0.01). Overall, 9.9% of the total implants were found to have peri‐implantitis (PI), with 16.7% in the SC, 7.5% in the NSC, and 2.8% in the ISB. Patients presenting prosthodontic complications were significantly higher in NSC (32.5%) than ISB (13.2%) and SC (15.4%). The total cost of the ISB group was significantly lower when compared to the NSC and SC groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAn 3‐unit implant‐supported bridge restoring 2 implants seems to present the most ideal long‐term therapeutic solution, among the investigated approaches in this study, in rehabilitating a 3‐unit edentulous area.
Body mass index and insulin use as identifiers of high‐cost patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective analysis of electronic health records linked to insurance claims data
Authors: Johnston Stephen S. , Ammann Eric M. , Kashyap Sangeetha R. , Stokes Andrew , Hsiao Carine Chia‐Wen , Daskiran Mehmet , Scamuffa Robin 
Published: February 2019

AimsTo study the association of body mass index (BMI) and insulin use with type 2 diabetes‐related healthcare expenditures (T2D‐HE).Materials and methodsRetrospective study using de‐identified electronic health records linked to insurance claims data. Study included a prevalence‐based sample of overweight or obese patients with antihyperglycaemic‐treated T2D. Patients had ≥1 A1c measurement in 2014 (last observed = index A1c), ≥1 BMI measurement within ±90 days of index (average BMI = baseline BMI), and continuous enrolment for 180 days before (baseline) through 395 days after index (day 30‐395 = follow‐up). BMI was categorized as: 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 = overweight; 30 to 34.9 kg/m2 = obese class I (OCI); 35 to 39.9 kg/m2 = OCII; ≥40 kg/m2 = OCIII. Multivariable regressions were used to examine one‐year follow‐up T2D‐HE as a function of BMI, insulin use, an interaction term between BMI and insulin use, and patient demographics.ResultsStudy included 13 026 patients (mean age = 63.6 years; 48.1% female; 29.5% overweight, 31.6% OCI, 20.3% OCII, 18.6% OCIII; 25.3% insulin users). Baseline insulin use rates monotonically ranged from 19.7% in overweight patients to 33.0% in OCIII patients (P < 0.001). Together, BMI and insulin use were jointly associated with one‐year follow‐up T2D‐HE, which monotonically ranged from $5842 in overweight patients with no insulin to $17 700 OCIII insulin users, P < 0.001. Within each BMI category, insulin users' one‐year T2D‐HE was at least double that of non‐users. Additional analyses of all‐cause healthcare expenditures yielded consistent results.ConclusionsBMI and insulin use represent simple stratifiers for identifying high‐cost patients. OCIII insulin users incurred the greatest annual healthcare expenditures; these patients may be an ideal group for targeted interventions.
Assessing lignocellulosic biomass production from crop residues in the European Union: Modelling, analysis of the current scenario and drivers of interannual variability
Authors: García‐Condado Sara , López‐Lozano Raúl , Panarello Lorenzo , Cerrani Iacopo , Nisini Luigi , Zucchini Antonio , Van der Velde Marijn , Baruth Bettina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study assesses crop residues in the EU from major crops using empirical models to predict crop residues from yield statistics; furthermore it analyses the inter‐annual variability of those estimates over the period 1998‐2015, identifying its main drivers across Europe. The models were constructed based on an exhaustive collection of experimental data from scientific papers for the crops: wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale, rice, maize, sorghum, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, potato and sugarbeet. We discuss the assumptions on the relationship between yield and the harvest index, adopted by previous studies, to interpret the experimental data, quantify the uncertainties of these models, and establish the premises to implement them at regional scale –i.e., NUTS level 3– within the EU. To cope this, we created a consolidated sub‐national statistical data along with an algorithm able to aggregate (figures are provided at country level) and disaggregate (production at 25 km grid is provided assupplementary material) estimates. The total lignocellulosic biomass production in the EU28 over the review period, according to our models, is 419 Mt, from which wheat is the major contributor (155 Mt). Our results show that maize and rapeseed are the two crops with the highest residue yield, respectively 8.9 and 8.6 t ha‐1. The spatial analysis revealed that these three crops, which, according to our results, are feedstocks highly suitable a priori for second generation biofuels in the EU and are unevenly distributed across Europe. Weather fluctuation was identified as the major driver in residue production from cereals, while, in the case of starch crops and oilseeds – which are predominant in northern Europe – corresponded to the marked production trend likely influenced by the agricultural policies and agro‐management over the review period. Our results, among others, could help to understand and quantify the ecological boundaries of the bioeconomy from agriculture.
Maternal apical periodontitis is associated with insulin resistance in adult offspring
Authors: Tsosura T. V. S. , Chiba F. Y. , Mattera M. S. L. C. , Pereira R. F. , Cintra L. T. A. , Conti L. C. , Santos R. M. dos , Mateus J. H. P. , Garbin C. A. S. , Sumida D. H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) of rats with maternal apical periodontitis (AP) and to explore the effect of maternal inflammation on the initial steps of insulin signalling and the inflammatory pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and periepididymal white adipose tissue (pWAT) of adult offspring.MethodologyFifteen female Wistar rats were distributed into a control group (CN), a group with 1 tooth with AP (1AP) and a group with 4 teeth with AP (4AP). Thirty days following induction of AP, female rats from all groups were mated with healthy male rats. When male offspring reached 75 days of age, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and TNF‐α were quantified. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index. Phosphorylation status of pp185 tyrosine, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) serine, IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in the GM and pWAT were measured by Western blot. Analysis of variance was performed, followed by the Tukey's post hoc test. P values <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.ResultsMaternal AP promoted insulin resistance, impaired the initial steps of insulin signalling, significantly increased plasma concentrations of insulin (P < 0.001) and TNF‐α (P < 0.05), and enhanced IKKα/β phosphorylation in the GM and pWAT (P < 0.05) of adult offspring. However, maternal AP did not affect fasting glycaemia and JNK phosphorylation in the GM and pWAT of adult offspring.ConclusionsMaternal AP was associated with insulin resistance in adult offspring through alterations in insulin signalling and inflammation pathways. The study provides information on the impact of maternal AP on the development of metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance in adult offspring and reinforces the importance of preventing maternal AP in order to maintain the general health of offspring.
Post‐2008 Multi‐Sited Household Practices: Between Morocco, Spain and Norway
Authors: Jolivet Dominique 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe recent outmigration patterns from Southern Europe since the outbreak of the global economic crisis have interested many migration researchers. Despite their long migration history towards Europe, little is known about the onward migration of the Moroccan‐born, yet this group was one of the most affected by the recession. Furthermore, studies on onward migration tend to focus on the individual perspective and overlook the non‐economic factors that shape migration decisions. This article focuses on Moroccan‐born migrants who, after several years in Spain, migrated to Norway after 2008. Through analysis of ten semi‐structured interviews and fieldwork observations, onward migration practices are studied from the perspective of broader dynamics at the household level, which combine different types of migration and non‐migration. Looking beyond the economic factors that triggered remigration, the article contributes to the discussion on onward migration, stressing its non‐linear character and inserting it in wider multi‐sited household projects in constant change.
What nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions are provided to adolescents admitted to general mental health inpatient units? A descriptive review
Authors: Hayes Claire , Palmer Victoria , Hamilton Bridget , Simons Christine , Hopwood Malcolm 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLimited research exists regarding the therapeutic operations of adolescent mental health inpatient units, particularly in terms of nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions. This review collates what is known about reported nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions for young people admitted to general or non‐disorder‐specific adolescent mental health inpatient settings. A descriptive review of this nature was not located in the literature. The aim was to identify what is currently known about reported nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions. The purpose was to consider gaps and contribute to further work being undertaken in describing an exemplary inpatient model of care for adolescents. Sources includedCINAHL,MEDLINE,ERIC,EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Studies included were those published in English, between the years 2000 and 2018. Exclusions included residential, community, outpatient, forensic settings, and studies detailing pharmacological interventions. Ten studies were identified. This descriptive review provides an objective foundation to inform an exemplary inpatient model of care currently being investigated. There is a critical need to understand these interventions to identify key components of an inpatient model of care. Such knowledge will provide guidance for future services seeking to create an exemplary model of care. Furthermore, these results can influence current practice by improving quality and delivery of inpatient care.