bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PO-106 Anisochronous aerobic exercise improves glucose and lipid metabolism of obstructive jaundice by activating Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Yuan Afang , Chen Jiaqin , Chen Wei , Peng Qi , Li Di , Shao Changfeng 
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the effect of moderate intensity and different interval aerobic exercise on hepatic injury and AKT signaling pathway induced by severe obstructive jaundice in mice.
Methods 40 male KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation (OJ) group, model (OM) group, 3-week exercise (ST) group and 6-week exercise (SU) group. Mice in OM group, ST group and SU group all adopted the orthotopic hanging choledochotomy method modified by this study group to construct the animal model of obstructive jaundice. The slope of group ST and group SU were 0% and the speed was 10m/min. After the above 6 weeks of intervention, HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hepatocytes. Methods of automatic biochemical analyzer test serum total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), liver function and fasting plasma glucose (GLU), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL - C) of sugar, lipid metabolism and biochemical indexes such as detection; Immunohistochemical staining and qrt-pcr technology were used to observe the expression changes of AKT related molecules such as SREBP-1c, LDL-C, gsk-3β, GCK and G6Pase in liver tissues.
Results HE staining showed that the liver cell cords of the normal group were orderly. In the model group, the hepatocytes of the rats were fibrosed in large amounts, which showed degeneration, necrosis and even disordered structure of hepatocytes. In the 3-week exercise group, a small number of hepatic cells were found with patchy necrosis, hepatic lobule structure was changed, and hepatic cords were not well arranged. There was no obvious tissue necrosis in the 6-week exercise group, the hepatic lobule structure was basically normal, and the liver cord was arranged in order. Serological results showed that the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL - C and GLU in the 6-week exercise group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.01), and the levels of TG and TC in the 3-week group were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In liver tissues, the mRNA and protein expression of related molecules of AKT pathway such as SREBP-1c, LDL-C, gsk-3β, GCK and G6Pase were significantly decreased.
Conclusions Moderate intensity aerobic exercise can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in mice with severe liver injury caused by obstructive jaundice. The underlying mechanism may be related to regulating the AKT pathway.
PO-235 Endurance training increased the expression of myocardin in thoracic aorta of T2DM rats
Authors: Gao Derun 
Published: October 2018

Objective In recent years, a large number of experimental studies have shown that the proliferation and migration of VSMC are the pathological basis of various vascular diseases, including AS, hypertension, and restenosis after angioplasty. It’s rather remarkable that Phenotypic Modulation of VSMC plays an important role in their proliferation and migration. Myocardin is a key transcription factor for the differentiation of VSMC by far, which can effectively activate the differentiation process of SMC. Many studies have shown that endurance training is an effective way to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This study attempted to explore the effects of long-term external stress (endurance training) on arterial smooth muscle phenotype modulation and myocardin through secondary vascular disease, in order to provide theoretical support and practical basis for sports therapy in T2DM secondary diseases.
Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into the general feed group (pC) and the high-sugar and high-fat feed group (pD). After 7 weeks, rats in pD were injected a small doses of streptozotocin through abdominal cavity. Those Non-fasting Blood Glucose (NFBG) ≥16.7mmol/L after 72h and with insulin resistance were diagnosed as diabetes. Thereafter, the pC group was randomly divided into a blank control group (C), an endurance training group (E), a diabetes model group (D), and a diabetic+endurance training group (DE). No load platform training was conducted in E&DE group, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. 8 weeks after, BP was measured through left common carotid artery intubation, blood sugar was test by enzyme chemical assay, α-SM-actin, SM-MHC , SM22α,Myocardin and KLF4 were measured through ELISA.
Results 1. Compared with C, MCP (carotid blood pressure) of D increased significantly, FBG and FINS decreased significantly, expression of α-SM-actin, SM-MHC, SM22α and Myocardin Significantly dropped, KLF4 rose significantly. Compared with D, the expression of FBG in E was significantly down-regulated, FINS was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of α-SM-actin, SM22α and Myocardin was significantly up-regulated.
Conclusions 8 weeks of endurance training significantly increased the expression level of contractile protein in the aorta smooth muscle of diabetic rats, making the smooth muscle phenotype changed from synthetic to contractile type, which effectively inhibited the excessive proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.Myocardin is one of the hot spots in the study of vascular differentiation in recent years. This study shows that the role of endurance training in improving plaque formation and lowering blood pressure may be produced by regulating myocardin.
PO-274 Photobiomodulation Preconditioning Prevents Hypoxia-ischemia Induced Dyscinesia in a Neonatal Rat Model
Authors: Yang Luodan , Wu Chongyun , Peng Guangcong , Xiao Mengyun , Zhang Quanguang 
Published: October 2018

Objective Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury caused by oxygen deprivation is the most common cause of severe neurologic deficits and dyscinesia in neonates. The work was designed to evaluate the preventative effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) preconditioning on HI-induced Dyscinesia in a Neonatal Rat Model, and its underlying mechanism of PBM action on brain damage in a HI model in neonatal rats.
Methods 10-day-old neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (a) control group (animals without ligation); (b) HI group (HI animal with PBM pretreatment); (c) PBM group (HI animal with PBM pretreatment). The hanging wire test and cylinder test were conducted to evaluate the the strength and asymmetry of left (contralateral) paw usage, respectively. The volume shrinkage of the brain was analyzed on postnatal day 29. The neuronal loss, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial fragmentation, cytochrome c release, neuronal apoptosis, dendritic and synaptic injury in hippocampus were tested using the brain collected on postnatal day 16.
Results PBM preconditioning significantly attenuated motor function impairment, volume shrinkage, neuron loss, dendritic and synaptic injury after HI. Further mechanistic investigation showed that PBM preconditioning effectively restore HI-induced mitochondrial dynamic changes and inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation, accompanied by a robust suppression of cytochrome c release, and prevention of neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of caspase activation.
Conclusions PBM preconditioning can prevent HI induced dyscinesia and brain injury by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
PO-282 Effects Of Irises On Exercise To Improve Obesity
Authors: Zhu Weihua 
Published: October 2018

Objective Iirisin is a protein encoded by the target gene FNDC5 of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator in skeletal muscle. The secretory protein produced by shearing modification can promote the transformation of subcutaneous white fat into brown fat. As a kind of exercise-mediated muscle factor and potential fat factor, Irisin is closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome and so on. As an important preventive and therapeutic means of obesity, exercise plays a role in affecting irisin? Through the analysis of the effect of irisin on exercise intervention in obesity, this paper aims to lay a theoretical foundation for irisin to become a new way of thinking and a new target of treatment of obesity.
Methods A computer-based search of the literature on "Research Progress in the Effects of Irisin on Exercise-induced Obesity" was conducted in the Sportdiscussussussand CNKI databases from 2012 to 2017. The key words were "obesity; exercise; Irisin; brown fat". Inclusion criteria were original research, Meta analysis and systematic review. Exclusion criteria: repetitive studies. A total of 86 articles were included in the review.
Results (1) exercise can significantly improve obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and other diseases;(2) Irisin can induce white fat Browning, increase body heat production, reduce body weight, and promote the expression of UCP1 by p38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Exogenous Irisin can significantly reduce obesity in mice induced by high-fat diet and improve insulin resistance.(3) whether it is one-time exercise or long-term exercise, endurance exercise or resistance exercise, moderate and low-intensity exercise or high-intensity exercise will increase the expression of irisin in skeletal muscle, blood or fat.However, the influence of different exercise intensity and different exercise modes on the expression of irisin is not regular, and the influence and mechanism of different exercise modes and exercise intensity on the expression of irisin between different species and different tissues have not been reported.
Conclusions Exercise can significantly improve the occurrence and development of obesity, and the effect may be achieved by promoting the secretion and expression of irisin in skeletal muscle.
PO-215 The Association of Gait Speed and Quality of Life in Older Adults
Authors: Zhu Hanxiao 
Published: October 2018

Objective With aging, the health and self-care ability of the elderly generally decrease, falling into frailty ultimately. In this process, the loss of muscle mass is very obvious, which will result sluggishness, especially in walking speed. This study aimed to assess whether gait speed could be used as a predictor for health-related quality of life in older adults.
Methods 368 subjects were recruited from community-dwelling older adults. Gait speed measurements included usual gait speed (UGS) and fast gait speed (FGS), at a distance of 50 meters. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed through SF-36 questionnaire. The correlation of gait speed and quality of life was analyzed.
Results Gait speed (both UGS and FGS) possessed a closed correlation with the total score of SF-36 questionnaire (r >0.6, P <0.05). Most subcomponent of HRQoL (Physical functioning, role limitations because of physical health problems, social functioning, vitality, and general health perceptions) are related to UGS and FGS, where the correlation coefficient is higher on FGS in Physical functioning, vitality, and general health perception than UGS.
Conclusions Gait speed is correlate to health-related quality of life in elderly people. Therefore, in health services for the elderly, we should strengthen the monitoring of gait speed, and take brisk walking as an effective way of exercise.
PO-225 The Effects on Mitochondria of Exercise Intervention PINK1 RNAi Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease Progression
Authors: Huang Liying 
Published: October 2018

Objective This research were using PINK1 RNAi drosophila model as object to investigate the effects of the 3 weeks duration exercise intervention drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease progression. Including mitochondria gather situation and mitochondria complex I activity and climbing activity and wing posture. Trying to prove that Exercise-training can help with the Parkinson disease’s symptom, and also to find out the mechanism of the result.
Methods Two genotype were used in this research, the normal type VAS-mtGFPo Mhc/Mhc and the Parkinson type VAS-mtGFP/Cyo Mhc-RNAi/TM2 and all with fluorescent labeling mitochondria by GFP. The exercise-training last for 3 weeks, 5 times per week, we separated the Parkinson type in 4 groups by different training time: 0min per day, 30min per day, 60min per day and 90min per day. The healthy type was control group. We measured the climbing ability and the wings posture every week, also used confocal microscope to watch the aggregation of mitochondria of the chest muscle every week. After 3 weeks training, we grinded all the drosophila to get the mitochondria, and measured the activity of mitochondria complex I. At last, we compared every index of each group with T-text by using SPSS 17.0 and the significance level as the criterion.
Results 1）The climbing ability: No significant difference found in first week, there was a significant difference between 0min group and 30min group in second week and there was a very significant difference between 0min group and 30min group in third week. （P＜0.01）.2) Wing posture: There was a very significant difference between 0min group and 30min group in third week. （P＜0.01）. 3) Activity of mitochondria complex I: Because of the small sample of this experiment, we can’t get a appropriate concentration of mitochondria, but we still got some changes between 30min and 0min. 4) The pictures of mitochondria by confocal microscope: The 30min group has the least aggregations of the mitochondria but a lot aggregations were found in other pictures of other group.
Conclusions 1)The suitable Exercise-training can improve the climbing ability and the account of wing posture and extend the life span of drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease. 2) The suitable Exercise-training can relieve the situation of mitochondrial gathering and improve the activity of mitochondrial complex I.
Visual Evidence Accumulation Guides Decision-Making in Unrestrained Mice
Authors: Odoemene Onyekachi , Pisupati Sashank , Nguyen Hien , Churchland Anne K. 
Published: October 2018

The ability to manipulate neural activity with precision is an asset in uncovering neural circuits for decision-making. Diverse tools for manipulating neurons are available for mice, but their feasibility remains unclear, especially when decisions require accumulating visual evidence. For example, whether mice' decisions reflect leaky accumulation is unknown, as are the relevant/irrelevant factors that influence decisions. Further, causal circuits for visual evidence accumulation are poorly understood. To address this, we measured decisions in mice judging the fluctuating rate of a flash sequence. An initial analysis (>500,000 trials, 29 male and female mice) demonstrated that information throughout the 1000 ms trial influenced choice, with early information most influential. This suggests that information persists in neural circuits for ∼1000 ms with minimal accumulation leak. Next, in a subset of animals, we probed strategy more extensively and found that although animals were influenced by stimulus rate, they were unable to entirely suppress the influence of stimulus brightness. Finally, we identified anteromedial (AM) visual area via retinotopic mapping and optogenetically inhibited it using JAWS. Light activation biased choices in both injected and uninjected animals, demonstrating that light alone influences behavior. By varying stimulus–response contingency while holding stimulated hemisphere constant, we surmounted this obstacle to demonstrate that AM suppression biases decisions. By leveraging a large dataset to quantitatively characterize decision-making behavior, we establish mice as suitable for neural circuit manipulation studies. Further, by demonstrating that mice accumulate visual evidence, we demonstrate that this strategy for reducing uncertainty in decision-making is used by animals with diverse visual systems.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo connect behaviors to their underlying neural mechanism, a deep understanding of behavioral strategy is needed. This understanding is incomplete for mice. To surmount this, we measured the outcome of >500,000 decisions made by 29 mice trained to judge visual stimuli and performed behavioral/optogenetic manipulations in smaller subsets. Our analyses offer new insights into mice' decision-making strategies and compares them with those of other species. We then disrupted neural activity in a candidate neural structure and examined the effect on decisions. Our findings establish mice as suitable for visual accumulation of evidence decisions. Further, the results highlight similarities in decision-making strategies across very different species.
Higher steroid sulfation is linked to successful weight loss in obese children
Authors: Reinehr Thomas , Sánchez-Guijo Alberto , Lass Nina , Wudy Stefan A 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveLittle information is available on the steroid sulfates profile in obese children. Therefore, we examined whether sulfated steroids are linked with weight status and associated comorbidities in obese children.MethodsWe analyzed 66 obese children (mean age 10.5 ± 2.5 years, 57.6% female, 53.9% prepubertal, mean BMI 27.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2, 50% with BMI-SDS reduction >0.5, 50% without BMI-SDS reduction) who participated in an outpatient 1-year intervention program based on exercise, behavior and nutrition therapy. We measured intact sulfated steroids (cholesterol sulfate (CS), pregnenolone sulfate (PregS), 17αOH pregnenolone sulfate (17OH-PregS), 16αOH dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16OH-DHEAS), DHEAS, androstenediol-3-sulfate, androsterone sulfate and epiandrosterone sulfate) by LC–MS/MS, and insulin resistance index HOMA, lipids, blood pressure at baseline and 1 year later.ResultsAll sulfated steroids except 17OH-PregS, 16OH-DHEAS, androsterone sulfate and epiandrosterone sulfate were higher in boys compared to girls. Concentrations of CS before intervention were higher in children who lost weight. After 1 year of treatment, both groups showed increased levels of DHEAS, 16OH-DHEAS and androstenediol-3-sulfate, but PregS was only increased in children with weight loss. None of the steroid sulfates was significantly related to cardiovascular risk factors or HOMA except 17OH-PregS, which was associated with systolic blood pressure both in cross-sectional (β-coefficient: 0.09 ± 0.07,P = 0.020) and longitudinal analyses (β-coefficient: 0.06 ± 0.04,P = 0.013) in multiple linear regression analyses.ConclusionsSince higher steroid sulfation capacity was associated with successful weight intervention in children disruption of sulfation may be associated with difficulties to lose weight. Future studies are necessary to prove this hypothesis.
GH deficiency in patients with spinal cord injury: efficacy/safety of GH replacement, a pilot study
Authors: Cuatrecasas Guillem , Kumru Hatice , Coves M Josep , Vidal Joan 
Published: October 2018

Objective
Growth hormone (GH) was shown to stimulate proliferation, migration and survival of neural cells in animal models. GH deficiency (GHD) was reported following traumatic brain lesions; however, there are not available data in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate (1) the frequency of GHD in chronic SCI population; (2) the efficacy/safety of GH replacement in patients with SCI and suboptimal GH secretion.

Design and methods
Nineteen consecutive patients with chronic thoracic complete SCI (AIS-A) were studied. Patients with low GH secretion were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to receive either subcutaneous placebo injections or GH combined with physical therapy, for 6 months. Baseline cranial MRI, AIS motor and sensory scale, quality of life (spinal cord impact measurement) and modified Ashworth spasticity scale, quantitative sensory testing and neurophysiological exploration were assessed at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months following treatment.

Results
Thirteen had GH deficiency. Seven received GH, five placebo and one dropped out. Both groups were similar according to clinical and demographical data at baseline, except for greater GH deficiency in the GH treatment group. At 6th month, patients treated with GH showed a significant improvement in SCIM-III score and in electrical perception threshold up to the 5th level below SCI, on both sides compared to baseline.

Conclusions
GHD seems to be frequent in traumatic SCI and GH replacement is safe without side effects. GH combined with physical therapy can improve quality of life of SCI patients and, strikingly, the sensory perception below lesion level.
A rare variety of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome: a unique combination presenting with ambiguous genitalia and sexual precocity
Authors: Shehab M A , Mahmood Tahseen , Hasanat M A , Fariduddin Md , Ahsan Nazmul , Hossain Mohammad Shahnoor , Hossain Md Shahdat , Jahan Sharmin 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to the three-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) enzyme deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder presenting with sexual precocity in a phenotypic male. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy presenting with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in a male. However, only a handful of cases of mosaic KS have been described in the literature. The co-existence of mosaic KS with CAH due to 3β-HSD enzyme deficiency portrays a unique diagnostic paradox where features of gonadal androgen deficiency are masked by simultaneous adrenal androgen excess. Here, we report a 7-year-old phenotypic male boy who, at birth presented with ambiguous genitalia, probably a microphallus with penoscrotal hypospadias. Later on, he developed accelerated growth with advanced bone age, premature pubarche, phallic enlargement and hyperpigmentation. Biochemically, the patient was proven to have CAH due to 3β-HSD deficiency. However, the co-existence of bilateral cryptorchidism made us to consider the possibility of hypogonadism as well, and it was further explained by concurrent existence of mosaic KS (47,XXY/46,XX). He was started on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement and underwent right-sided orchidopexy on a later date. He showed significant clinical and biochemical improvement on subsequent follow-up. However, the declining value of serum testosterone was accompanied by rising level of FSH thereby unmasking hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to mosaic KS. In future, we are planning to place him on androgen replacement as well.

Learning points:

Ambiguous genitalia with subsequent development of sexual precocity in a phenotypic male points towards some unusual varieties of CAH.

High level of serum testosterone, adrenal androgen, plasma ACTH and low basal cortisol are proof of CAH, whereas elevated level of 17-OH pregnenolone is biochemical marker of 3β-HSD enzyme deficiency.

Final diagnosis can be obtained with sequencing of HSD3B2 gene showing various mutations.

Presence of bilateral cryptorchidism in such a patient may be due to underlying hypogonadism.

Karyotyping in such patient may rarely show mosaic KS (47,XXY/46,XX) and there might be unmasking of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism resulting from adrenal androgen suppression from glucocorticoid treatment.