bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An effective mesiodens extraction method involving an intraoral approach through the nasal floor bone
Authors: Yamamoto Ayumi , Hanazawa Yasuo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the maxillary central region, frequently found in an inverted, impacted position, which can cause delayed or ectopic eruption of the permanent incisors. Unerupted supernumerary teeth are typically removed by the traditional palatal or labial approach. However, the traditional approach may induce injury to the adjacent root or damage the surrounding soft tissue because a deeply impacted mesiodens requires excessive bone removal in the anterior maxilla. The aim of the present study was to introduce an effective tooth extraction method involving an intraoral approach through the floor bone of the nasal cavity.
Nature documentaries and saving nature: Reflections on the new Netflix series Our Planet
Authors: Jones Julia P. G. , Thomas‐Walters Laura , Rust Niki A. , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Netflix recently launched its high‐profile nature documentary Our Planet. Voiced by Sir David Attenborough in English (with Salma Hayek, Penelope Cruz and other Hollywood actors voicing versions simultaneously released in 10 other languages), Netflix are making a clear play for core BBC territory. However, they claim that this is a nature documentary with a difference as it puts the threats facing nature front and center to the narrative.

We coded the scripts of Our Planet, and those of three recent Attenborough‐voiced BBC documentaries, to explore the extent to which threats (and conservation action and success) are discussed. The only other series which comes close to the frequency with which these issues are discussed is Blue Planet II, but Our Planet is unique in weaving discussion of these issues throughout all episodes rather than keeping them to a dedicated final episode. However, although Our Planet sounds different to other documentaries, the visuals are very similar. Nature is still mostly shown as pristine, and the presence or impacts of people on the natural world very seldom appear. We discuss the potential consequences of nature documentaries erasing humans from the land/seascape.

We also discuss the mechanisms by which nature documentaries may have a positive impact on conservation. Despite links between information provision and behaviour change being complex and uncertain, nature documentaries may, at least in theory, elicit change in a number of ways. They may increase willingness amongst viewers to make personal lifestyle changes, increase support for conservation organizations, and generate positive public attitudes and subsequently social norms towards an issue, making policy change more likely.

Netflix is certainly bringing biodiversity and the threats it faces into the mainstream, but the mechanisms by which viewing these representations translates to concrete behaviour change are poorly understood. Increasing interest in robust impact evaluation, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods, means the time is right to explore how both showing nature on screens and talking about the threats it faces, affects people in ways which might, ultimately, contribute to saving it.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
An elaborate route of exclusive sonogashira polycondensation to alternating BODIPY–porphyrin ethynylene‐conjugated polymer
Authors: Morisue Mitsuhiko , Kawanishi Miho , Nakano Shinya 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe first synthesis of the fully conjugated ethynylene‐linked polymer incorporating boron dipyrrine complex (BODIPY) and zinc porphyrin in the main chain was performed based on the exclusive Sonogashira polycondensation. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations lead to an elaborate synthetic route to circumvent the possible side reactions of BODIPY in the presence of the palladium catalyst. Additionally, optimization of the synthetic conditions found that dichloromethane as the solvent suppresses the formation of the pseudo‐trans dimer of the copper acetylide and mitigates the undesired oxidative homocoupling reaction. Eventually, the exclusive Sonogashira polycondensation in dichloromethane provided the alternating BODIPY–porphyrin ethynylene‐conjugated polymer, which displayed absorption up to the near‐infrared wavelengths. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2457–2465
Preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐containing block copolymer with well‐controlled stereoregularity
Authors: Tsai Sung‐Yu , Kuretani Satoshi , Manabe Kei , Terao Toshiki , Komamura Takahiro , Agata Yoshihiro , Ohta Noboru , Fujii Syuji , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Wang Chien‐Lung , Hayakawa Teruaki , Hirai Tomoyasu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPreparation of functional domains with a spacing of 10 nm is a benchmark set to fabricate next‐generation electronic devices. Organic–inorganic block copolymers form well‐ordered microphase separations with very small domain sizes. The design and preparation of a novel block copolymer consisting of syndiotactic polymethyl methacrylate (st‐PMMA) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐functionalized polymethacrylate, designated as st‐PMMA‐b‐PMAPOSS, which can recognize functional molecules, are reported. The st‐PMMA segments form a helical structure and encapsulate C60 in the helical nanocavity, leading to the formation of an inclusion complex. Although the ordering of the domains is not high, C60 domains that are in a quasi‐equilibrium state, with about 10‐nm domain spacings, are generated using st‐PMMA‐b‐PMAPOSS that can recognize functional molecules. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2181–2189
Synthesis of Oxindole Analogues, Biological Activity, and In Silico Studies
Authors: Lotfy Gehad , Aziz Yasmine M. Abdel , Said Mohamed M. , El Ashry El Sayed H. , El Tamany El Sayed H. , Barakat Assem , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Yousuf Sammer , Ul‐Haq Zaheer , Choudhary M. Iqbal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHighly divergent complexity molecules, having spirooxindole core structure, possess excellent bioactivities. The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction is one of the most efficient approach for the rapid synthesis of spirooxindole analogues. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of spirooxindolone analogues via multicomponent reaction of chalcone, based on cyclohexanone, substituted isatin (isatin, 5‐Cl‐isatin, and 5‐Br‐isatin), and secondary amine of the amino acids (L‐Proline and Thioproline). The included activities of the resulting spirooxazolines, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐leishmanial, and cytotoxic activity against 3T3 and HeLa cell lines. Among series of nine diphenyl substituted derivatives of spiro fused benzylidine thioazol indolines (IVa–IVi), compounds IVb (IC50=5.8±0.9 μM), IVc (IC50=2.4±1.3 μM), IVd (IC50=5.0±0.6 μM), and IVg (IC50=10.4±4.6 μM) have shown potent anti‐inflammatory activity, several fold more active than the standard drug, ibuprofen (IC50=11.2±1.9 μM). Whereas, compounds IVa (IC50=18.0±1.1 μM), and IVh (IC50=26.0±3.4 μM) exhibited a significant anti‐inflammatory potential. All other compounds (IVe and IVf) were found to be inactive. Two meta flouro substituted phenyl rings containing compound IVc (IC50=2.4±1.3 μM) was the most potent member of the series. In order to rationalize the observed biological activities of the spirooxindole‐pyrrolothiazole derivatives, in silico studies were also performed. The results of present study identify a new series of potent anti‐inflammatory agents, deserve to be further investigated as leads.
A regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazolines via a Cascade Annulation of Huisgen Zwitterion with α‐Cyano‐α,β‐unsaturated Ketones Under Solvent‐free Heating Conditions
Authors: Li Yuming , Zhang Xuange , Lu Tianyu , Miao Zhiwei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA simple solvent‐free method for the regioselective synthesis of pyrazoline derivatives via the annulation reactions of α‐cyano‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones and β‐carboxylic ester‐α,β‐unsaturated ketone with Huisgen zwitterions was developed. Interestingly, the reaction substrate is identified as a critical factor to control the final products. This method features simplicity, high efficiency, environmentally benign, and broad substrate scope. The gram scale applicability also points towards its possible implementation in industrial use.
Self‐Assembling Bifunctional Hydrophilic Magnetic Nanomaterials for Highly Efficient Enrichment of Parabens in Beverages Sample
Authors: Gao Yiqian , Wang Baichun , Yan Yinghua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPreservatives affect human endocrine systems and pose a potential threat to the environment, so developing a fast, low‐cost means to detect parabens is critical. In this work, a hydrophilic magnetic ball (Fe3O4@mSiO2@PDA‐IL@C18) is prepared via functionalized position control strategy. The imidazole‐based ionic liquid and mesoporous silica are outer bifunctional groups, which provide active sites for the extraction of preservatives by the π‐π interaction. Fe3O4@mSiO2@PDA‐IL@C18 was utilized to the selective enrichment of parabens with good linear range (0.05‐300 ng/mL), excellent recovery (94%‐105%) and precision (RSDs lower than 5.2%), and low detection limit (0.05 ng/mL). In the actual sample test, the prepared Fe3O4@mSiO2@PDA‐IL@C18 could specifically detect parabens from green tea and cola samples. The results displayed that we provided an efficient and simple method for the detection of preservatives in food.
Solvents Effect on the Morphology and Stability of Cu/CuO Nanoparticles Synthesized at High Fluence Laser Ablation
Authors: Rawat Rajesh , Tiwari Archana , Arun Nimmala , Rao S. V. S. Nageswara , Pathak Anand Prakash , Tripathi Ajay 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCu/CuO NPs were synthesized by ablating Cu target using nanosecond Nd:YAG pulsed laser operating at 1064 nm with 8 ns pulse duration in three different solvents viz: ethylene glycol (EG), deionized water (DI) and ethanol (Eth). The effects of these three solvents at high laser fluence of 40 J/cm2 was investigated to study the stability and morphology of nanoparticles using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The morphology of these nanoparticles are dependent on the physical properties of solvents (like viscosity, conductivity, polarity and enthalpy) used in laser ablation. EG and DI shows tadpole and necklace like structure whereas in Eth hollow structures were observed. The crystallinity of nanoparticles were confirmed by HRTEM, SAED and XRD analysis. In all the three solvents the characteristic absorption and emission peaks of Cu and CuO nanoparticles were observed and have been elaborately discussed in this paper. In addition, the detailed growth kinematics of nanoparticles involved in the process of laser ablation technique have been highlighted.
Assembly‐Induced Diverse Optical Property of 4‐Biphenylcarboxy‐Protected Serine and Tyrosine
Authors: Sasmal Supriya , Podder Debasish , Debnath Mintu , Nandi Sujay Kumar , Haldar Debasish 
Published: September 2019

Abstract4‐biphenylcarboxy‐protected serine and tyrosine were synthesized and their crystal packing induced diverse optical properties in solid state were investigated. The L‐serine containing compound exhibits green‐gold birefringence under polarized light but the L‐tyrosine containing compound has no birefringence. Only L‐serine containing compound shows solid state emission at 525 nm. The crystal structure shows that irrespective of the π‐π stacking interactions between biphenyl moieties, the hydrogen bond between amide C=O and L‐serine side chain HO direct the supramolecular assembly to a parallel sheet like structure. But, the L‐tyrosine containing compound forms a supramolecular strand through intermolecular hydrogen bonds between ester C=O and L‐tyrosine side chain HO. Though the biphenyl moieties are in a parallel arrangement in the strand, there is no π‐π stacking interaction. Irrespective of biphenyl chromophore, the compounds exhibit different packing‐induced solid state optical properties.
Aluminum‐Based Catalysts for Cycloaddition Reactions: Moving One Step Ahead in Sustainability
Authors: Dogra Ashima , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA large variety of dienes and alkenes can be derived from plants and used further for the production of fine chemicals or biologically active compounds. Herein, we have identified such dienes/alkenes, as well as their synthetic analogues, and presented a strategy for their conversion by atom‐economical cycloaddition reactions. The catalyst used for these conversions is derived from abundantly‐available aluminum metal in earth's crust, which has low toxicity, easy availability and low price in comparison to the transition metals. Astonishingly, the applications of aluminum‐based catalysts are underdeveloped in comparison to the d‐block metal analogues. Therefore, this review summarizes the developments in the field of cycloaddition reactions by using aluminum‐based catalysts, a pathway that can be pursued for developing “Sustainable Processes”.
Heterocarbides Reinforced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Cuan Jing , Zhang Fan , Zheng Yang , Zhou Tengfei , Liang Gemeng , Guo Zaiping , Pang Wei Kong , Yu Xuebin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe feasibility of transition metal carbides (TMCs) as promising high‐rate electrodes is still hindered by low specific capacity and sluggish charge transfer kinetics. Improving charge transport kinetics motivates research toward directions that would rely on heterostructures. In particular, heterocomposing with carbon‐rich TMCs is highly promising for enhancing Li storage. However, due to limited synthesis methods to prepare carbon‐rich TMCs, understanding the interfacial interaction effect on the high‐rate performance of TMCs is often neglected. In this work, a novel strategy is proposed to construct a binary carbide heteroelectrode, i.e. incorporating the carbon‐rich TMC (M=Mo) with its metal‐rich TMC nanowires (nws) via an ingenious in situ disproportionation reaction. Results show that the as‐prepared MoC‐Mo2C‐heteronanowires (hnws) electrode could fully recover its capacity after high‐rates testing, and also possesses better lithium accommodation performance. Kinetic analysis verified that both electron and ion transfer in MoC‐Mo2C‐hnws are superior to those of its singular counterparts. Such improvements suggest that by taking utilization of the interfacial component interactions of stoichiometry tunable heterocarbides, the electrochemical performance, especially high‐rate capability of carbides, could be significantly enhanced.
Oldest, smallest and phylogenetically most basal pelagornithid, from the early Paleocene of New Zealand, sheds light on the evolutionary history of the largest flying birds
Authors: Mayr Gerald , De Pietri Vanesa L. , Love Leigh , Mannering Al , Scofield Richard Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Cenozoic Pelagornithidae, or pseudotoothed birds, are characterized by unique bony projections along the cutting edges of the beak. These birds were previously known from late Paleocene to Pliocene fossil sites and some species reached wingspans up to 6.4 m. Here we describe a partial skeleton of a small‐sized pelagornithid from the early Paleocene of New Zealand. Protodontopteryx ruthae gen. et sp. nov. is the oldest record of the clade, the smallest known species, and the first pre‐Eocene pelagornithid from the Southern Hemisphere. The skull of the new species exhibits the characteristic pelagornithid morphology, but the postcranial skeleton distinctly differs from other pelagornithids, and various plesiomorphic features indicate that it is the earliest‐diverging representative of the Pelagornithidae. The much stouter humerus suggests that the new species was less adapted to sustained soaring than previously known pelagornithids. Pseudoteeth therefore evolved before pelagornithids became highly specialized gliders. Unlike the giant Neogene pelagornithid species, which presumably were skimmers, early Paleocene pelagornithids are likely to have targeted selected prey items and may have been predominantly piscivorous. The new species furthermore suggests that pelagornithids evolved in the Southern Hemisphere and documents a very early radiation of neornithine seabirds, which may have been triggered by changes in marine ecosystems around the K–Pg boundary.
Anaerobic digestion
Authors: Laiq Ur Rehman Mian , Iqbal Awais , Chang Chein‐Chi , Li Weizun , Ju Meiting 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWorldwide waste generation has become a topic of interest since the accumulation of this waste has prompted environmental hazards. Among which, anaerobic digestion provides green and efficient alternate solution for removal of toxic waste and energy production. Therefore, this review emphasizes on the recent data published in 2018 on topics related to anaerobic process, enhancement of biogas production, and fermentation efficiency. Furthermore, more focus was made on the factors influencing anaerobic digestion and the effect of trace elements as ionic salts as well as nanoparticles on overall biogas production, respectively.Practitioner points

Anaerobic digestion provide green and efficient alternate solution to deal with.

This review focused on the conditions related to anaerobic process to improve biogas production and fermentation efficiency.

The trace elements were focused on how to influence biogas production during anaerobic digestion.
Impact of goethite dosed continuous stirred tank reactor on continuous methane production at different organic loading rates
Authors: Wan Zhanghong , Peng Shuchuan , Zhang Xun , Wang Jin , Li Xiangming , Yue Zhengbo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIron oxides facilitated anaerobic digestion process has been attracted more and more attention in the renewable energy production area. In the current study, goethite was added into the continuous stirred tank reactor with glucose as the substrate. Effect of the influent organic loading rate (OLR) on the reactor performances was explored. Results showed that goethite promoted the methane production significantly (p < 0.05) when OLR was changed between 1.20 and 1.80 g glucose L−1 day−1. Compared to the control reactor, addition of goethite improved the methane production by13.4%–22.9%. The iron reduction rate had a positive correlation with the methane production rate. Microbial community analysis results showed that OLRs influenced the dominant methanogenic species in the both reactors. Methanothrix, Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina, and Methanocella were dominant under various OLR levels.Practitioner points

Goethite could promote the methanogenic process of glucose in the CSTRs under certain levels of OLRs.

Iron reduction rate had a positive correlation with the methane production rate.

OLRs influenced the dominant methanogenic species in the goethite‐dosed reactors.
Discrete channel surfaces
Authors: Hertrich-Jeromin Udo , Rossman Wayne , Szewieczek Gudrun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present a definition of discrete channel surfaces in Lie sphere geometry, which reflects several properties for smooth channel surfaces. Various sets of data, defined at vertices, on edges or on faces, are associated with a discrete channel surface that may be used to reconstruct the underlying particular discrete Legendre map. As an application we investigate isothermic discrete channel surfaces and prove a discrete version of Vessiot’s Theorem.
Is Annual Preoperative Utilization an Indicator of Postoperative Surgical Outcomes? A Study in Medicare Expenditure
Authors: Hyer J. Madison , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Paredes Anghela Z. , Sahara Kota , White Susan , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionData on the association of high preoperative healthcare utilization and adverse clinical outcomes are scarce. We sought to evaluate the role of annual preoperative expenditure (APE) as a surrogate for latent variables of risk for adverse short‐term postoperative outcomes.MethodsLow and super‐utilizers who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, coronary artery bypass graft, colectomy, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, or lung resection between 2013 and 2015 were identified from 100% Medicare Inpatient Standard Analytic Files. To assess the association between APE and postoperative outcomes, multivariable logistic regression was utilized.ResultsAmong 1,049,160 patients, 788,488 (75.1%) and 21,700 (2.1%) patients were preoperative low‐ and super‐utilizers, respectively. Median APE was more than 60 times higher among super‐utilizers than low‐utilizers ($57,160 vs. $932), as was the cost of the surgical episode ($21,141 vs. $13,179). The predictive ability of APE ranged from 0.683 (95% CI 0.678–0.687) for 90‐day readmission to 0.882 (95% CI 0.879–0.886) for a complication at the index hospitalization. Among super‐utilizers, the odds of a complication during the surgical episode was nearly double versus low‐utilizers (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.89–2.04). Super‐utilizers also had an increased odds of 30‐day readmission (OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.58–1.69) and mortality (OR = 2.22; 95% CI 2.04–2.42).ConclusionAPE was able to predict adverse postsurgical outcomes including complications during the surgical episode, readmission, and 90‐day mortality. APE should be considered in the assessment of patient populations when defining risk of adverse postoperative events.
Need for Completion Thyroidectomy in Patients Undergoing Lobectomy for Indeterminate and High‐Risk Nodules: Impact of Intra‐Operative Findings and Final Pathology
Authors: Moore Edwina C. , Zolin Samuel , Krishnamurthy Vikram , Jin Judy , Shin Joyce , Berber Eren , Siperstein Allan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionCurrent guidelines increasingly suggest the use of thyroid lobectomy for indeterminate (Bethesda 3 and 4) and high‐risk (Bethesda 5 and 6) thyroid nodules; however, the clinical reality is often very different.Materials and MethodsThe aim of this study was to determine the rate of completion thyroidectomy (CTx) for indeterminate and high‐risk thyroid nodules which are pre‐operatively classified as suitable for unilateral resection (lobe eligible) based on current guidelines. Seven hundred consecutive patients with thyroid nodules and FNA cytology over four years (2015–2018) were reviewed.ResultsDistribution of the dominant nodules by Bethesda was: non‐diagnostic 3.9%, benign 28.1%, atypia of unknown significance 19.0%, follicular neoplasm 23.6%, suspicious for malignancy 6.1% and malignancy 19.3%. Of 298 indeterminate nodules, 68.8% (205/298) had relative but independent indications for a total thyroidectomy (TTx) and the remainder were candidates for lobectomy. For these lobe eligible patients, the overall risk of ultimately needing a TTx was 19.4% (18/93), comprising 4.3% (4/93) from intra‐operative findings and 15.7% (14/89) from final pathology. Similarly, of 170 high‐risk nodules, 63.5% (108/170) had upfront indications for a TTx and the remaining 62 nodules were lobe eligible. Of the patients taken to the operating room for a lobectomy, 21.0% (13/62) were upgraded to a TTx intra‐operatively and 26.5% (13/49) post‐operatively. The lobe success rate for indeterminate nodules was 25.2% and for high‐risk nodules was 21.2%. The rate of CTx, or the proportion of patients needing a second operation was 15.7% (14/89) and 26.5% (13/49), respectively.ConclusionsIn counselling a patient for surgery, the risk of needing a more radical initial procedure or second surgery needs to be accurately explained. There are three points of care that can influence operative strategy, pre‐operatively by way of high‐risk clinical factors, intra‐operatively via anatomical findings and post‐operatively in response to unrecognized pathological features. Additionally, the patient's personal value judgment and level of risk aversion should be taken into consideration.