bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bazı Doğal Toprak Düzenleyicilerin Mısır (Zea Mays L.) Bitkisinin Verim Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: YAĞMUR Bülent , OKUR Bülent 
Published: May 2018

Bu araştırmada kompost, ahır gübresi ve kükürt gibi bazı toprak düzenleyicilerin mısır bitkisinin gelişimi, beslenmesi ve verimi üzerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneme sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Saksılara temel gübreleme amacıyla N, P, K, uygulaması ekimden önce toprağa karıştırılmak suretiyle uygulanmıştır. Test bitkisi olarak mısır bitkisi yetiştirilmiştir. Araştırmada deneme konularına dekara 2-4-8 ton olacak şekilde kompost, kompost+ahır gübresi (1/2+1/2), ahır gübresi uygulaması ve kontrol uygulaması olarak da mineral gübre (NPK) uygulamalarının mısır bitkisinin gelişimi üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca her deneme konusuna eşit miktarda kükürt (80 kg.da-1 S) uygulaması da yapılmıştır. Kompost ve ahır gübresi uygulamalarının mısır bitkisinin kuru madde, boy, toplam N, K, Ca, Cu ve Zn miktarı üzerine etkisi istatistiki yönden önemli bulunmuş, toplam P, Mg, Na Fe, Cu ve Mn miktarı üzerine etkisi ise önemsiz bulunmuştur. Uygulamaların etkinliği Ahır gübresi&gt;Kompost+ahır gübresi&gt;kompost şeklinde belirlenmiş, en yüksek değerler genellikle dekara 8 ton (8 ton.da-1 Kompost; 4 ton.da-1 Kompost+4 ton.da-1 Ahır gübresi; 8 ton.da-1 Ahır gübresi) uygulamalarında elde edilmiştir. Kontrol uygulaması ise en düşük değerlere sahip uygulama olarak belirlenmiştir. Sorunlu olan topraklarda yapılan bitkisel üretimde mineral gübre ile birlikte bazı doğal toprak düzenleyicilerin verim ve beslenmeyi olumlu yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır.
Exploring equity focus of the SHAWN WASH programme in Nigeria
Authors: Akwataghibe Ngozi , Wegelin Madeleen , Postma Leonie , Fajemisin Wole , Banda Maingaila Moono , Khan Farooq , Jurji Zaid , Toonen Jurrien 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study assesses the extent to which equity was mainstreamed in the UNICEF Sanitation, Hygiene and Water in Nigeria (SHAWN) programme. Mixed methods consisting of desk review, survey of 2,105 households, individual survey of physically disabled people, focus group discussions with community members and in-depth interviews with key informants were used. The WASH project displayed equity considerations in selection of local government areas for its interventions – prioritizing underserved and unserved rural areas, females and places with the greatest needs – leading to increased access to water and sanitation for the poor. However, access was less for people with physical disabilities. Institutional and financial sustainability considerations challenged equity. Gender equality gaps driven by cultural and religious barriers existed in the composition of government WASH departments and community WASH Committees (WASHCOMS) despite the prominence accorded to gender issues. Operationalization of equity was hindered by poor data availability for assessment of poverty and needs; and cultural, environmental and financial barriers. WASHCOMS require specific training to operationalize equity and inclusion at community and household levels. The potential positive effects of a rights-based approach and equity on social and behavioural sustainability should be considered in future programming.
Evaluation of the coordinated development of regional water resource systems based on a dynamic coupling coordination model
Authors: Cheng Kun , Yao Jiping , Ren Yongtai 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Coupling and coordination analyses of regional water resource systems (WRS) play an important role in promoting the sustainable and coordinated development of those systems. In this paper, a dynamic coupling coordination model is introduced to study the coordinated development of WRS. The weight of each index is obtained using an improved entropy weight method. The coupling and coordination degrees between resource subsystems and other subsystems and an entire system of water resources can be obtained using this model. Taking Heilongjiang, China, as an example, the results show that in 2005–2014, the WRS exhibited low coupling and low coordination characteristics due to a substantial contradiction between the resource subsystem and the social and economic and ecological subsystems. Therefore, strengthening the overall development of water resources, society, economy and ecology and improving the coupling abilities between resource subsystems and each of the other subsystems are effective strategies for promoting the coordinated development of WRS.
Contribution of Spinal Cord Oligodendrocytes to Neuroinflammatory Diseases and Pain
Authors: Borghi Sergio M. , Fattori Victor , Hohmann Miriam S.N. , Verri Waldiceu A. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Neuroinflammatory diseases that affect spinal cord or associated spinal
nerves represent challenging conditions for management in current medicine because of
their complex pathology, poor prognosis, and high morbidity, which strikingly reduces the
quality of life of patients. In this sense, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular
mechanisms of spinal cord neuroinflammation might contribute to the development of novel
therapies. Oligodendrocytes have unique and vital biological properties in central nervous
system (CNS) homeostasis and physiology. A growing body of experimental evidence demonstrates
that these glial cells are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying
many chronic, neurodegenerative, and incapacitating CNS disorders. These cells also have
important implications for the development and maintenance of neural plasticity and chronic
pain states. On the other hand, evidence indicates that oligodendrocytes and their products
may act in favor of CNS promoting beneficial effects orchestrating CNS tissue repair after
injury.

Objective:
The present review aims to explore the multi-faceted actions of spinal cord oligodendrocyte
progenitors cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes in CNS inflammation
and pathology, addressing their roles in experimental and clinical settings. A major focus was
given to spinal cord amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis (MS)/experimental autoimmune
encephalomyelitis (EAE), traumatic injury and pain processing.

Methods:
This review analyses and discusses published original research articles regarding
the role of OPCs/oligodendrocytes in spinal cord inflammation and pain processing.

Results and Conclusion:
Findings from a number of clinical and experimental paradigms
suggest spinal cord OPCs/oligodendrocytes are a potential therapeutic target for the control of
neuroinflammation.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Oxopyrido[2,3-d] Pyrimidine-7- ones Derivatives as Covalent L858R/T790M Mutant Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors
Authors: Niu Ao , Wang Yang , Yang Yushe , Wei Jianhai , Ding Jian , Chen Yi , Tong Linjiang , Xie Hua 
Published: May 2018

Background:
None small cell cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common cancer
around the globe. First generation EGFR-TKI such as gefitinib and erlotinib are now documentated
a prolonged PFS in NSCLC patients with EGFR activating mutation. However, upon continuous
treatment, patients become resistant due toCEE T790M mutation in most cases.Second generation
covalent EGFR inhibitors like afatinib have a moderate inhibition to EGFRT790M in preclinical
models,but it is lacking efficacy in the clinical use for patients with T790M mutation due to the
dose-limiting EGFRWT-driven toxicities.Third generation EGFR inhibitors have the potential to
overcome EGFRT790M resistance mutations while reducing EGFRWT-driven toxicities and are
now under active research.

Methods:
We took compound 6 as our lead compound. We focused on structural modifications
around the hydrophile side chain, the linker, and the Micheal addition receptor moiety of AMG. A
novel series of Oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-ones derivatives have been designed and synthesized.
Their kinase inhibition activity against EGFRWT and EGFRL858R/T790M were tested by ELISA assays.
SRB test was used for cellular anti-proliferation evaluation.

Results:
A total of 21 novel Oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-ones derivatives have been designed
and synthesized. The compounds were characterized with 1H-NMR and HRMS. Their structureactivity
relationships have been preliminaryly investigated. As a result, compound 7k showed comparable
activity in kinase inhibition assay and cell growth inhibition assay with our lead compound
6. Higher activity and selectivity over EGFRWT were observed in the in vitro antitumour assay
comparing compound 7k to AZD-9291. Compound 7a exhibited higher selectivity over EGFRWT in
kinase inhibition assay, but poor cell inhibition to NCI-1975 cell line. The in vivo pharmacokinetic
studies in rats showed that compound 9a exhibited improved pharmacokinetic profiles comparing to
6. Compound 9a was also efficacious in an NCI-H1975 murine xenograft model 30 mg/kg QD.

Conclusion:
Compound 9a has a potent kinase inhibition to EGFRT790M and has a high selectivity
over EGFRWT. It’s also efficacious in an in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation assay. Significant
advantages were observed in pharmacokinetic evaluation comparing 9a to 6, which provide us a
reference to further drug design and research.
Micro Hybridized Auto-rickshaw for Bangladesh: A Solution to Green Energy Vehicle
Authors: Mallik Avijit , Arefin Arman 
Published: May 2018

Background:Auto rickshaws are compact, three-wheeled vehicles which are normally used altogether in numerous Asian nations (i.e.China, Japan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and so forth) for transportation of people and products. The vehicles are little and have simple transportability in occupied Asian cities. In Bangladesh, auto rickshaws/simple bicycles regularly offer their taxi services, as they are fantastically reasonable to work. Simultaneously, these three-wheelers running on fuel cause extreme air-pollution and create impressive measures of greenhouse gasses (i.e.Carbon dioxide).Objectives:This paper introduces a transportation system in view of auto rickshaws that work in an eco-accommodating way. Existing vehicles are to be substituted by a small scale-cross sort framework overhauled in a way which helps the productivity of the vehicle.Methods:A reviving foundation is suggested that will take into consideration the power-packs to be charged utilizing halfway energy, for example, solar energy. Necessary simulations had been done using MATLAB platform.Results:Results shows that the current vehicle and nature, in which it works, made a model of the vehicle and researched re-charging infrastructure prerequisites and plans. About 31% efficiency was observed.Conclusions:The objective of the research introduced in this paper is to build up a conservative, vigorous and feasible fuel utilization system and deplete auto-rickshaws. In this research, 23% of grid power savings has been found.
A Series Solution for the Input Admittance of a Circular Loop Antenna over a Lossy Earth
Authors: Alsemaid Osman M. , Ali Hamed Sameir M. , Mahmood Saif A. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
This study deals with the derivation of expressions for the current distribution
and the input admittance of a circular loop antenna (CLA) over a lossy Earth in a series form.

Methods:
The analysis is based on the image method, Fourier series expansion and the direct integration
of the vector potential.

Result:
The results for the current distribution of the study are in very good agreement with those corresponding
results available in the literature, which checks the correctness of the formulations of the study.

Conclusion:
The provided solution in this paper is simple, straightforward and can be applied without
performing any numerical integrations, which makes it preferred compared to the numerical solutions
that are available in the literature.
Reduction of the Low Voltage Substation Constraints by Inserting Photovoltaic Systems in Underserved Areas
Authors: Naima Benbouza , Louiza Benfarhi , Boubekeur Azoui 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The improvement of the voltage in power lines and the respect of the low voltage
distribution transformer substations constraints (Transformer utilization rate and Voltage drop) are
possible by several means: reinforcement of conductor sections, installation of new MV / LV substations
(Medium Voltage (MV), Low Voltage (LV)), etc.

Methods:
Connection of mini-photovoltaic systems (PV) to the network, or to consumers in underserved
areas, is a well-adopted solution to solve the problem of voltage drop and lighten the substation
transformer, and at the same time provide clean electrical energy. PV systems can therefore contribute
to this solution since they produce energy at the deficit site.

Results:
This paper presents the improvement of transformer substation constraints, supplying an end of
low voltage electrical line, by inserting photovoltaic systems at underserved subscribers.

Conclusion:
This study is applied to a typical load pattern, specified to the consumers region.
Adsorption and Oxidation of As(III) on Iron (Hydro)Oxides
Authors: Zhao Zhixi , Guan Ming , Zeng Han , Chen Ping 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: Iron (hydro)oxides, including poorly crystalline ferrihydrite and the more crystalline forms, hematite and magnetite, play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic in aquatic environments. In this study, adsorption and oxidation experiments for As(III) were performed on ferrihydrite, hematite, and magnetite, respectively. The results showed that the three iron (hydro)oxides acted as a catalyst for the oxidation of As(III) in the presence of oxygen. The variation in the oxidation states of As(III) on iron (hydro)oxides were confirmed by X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure (XANES) spectra. Adsorption kinetics of As(III) followed a pseudo‐second‐order equation in the three iron (hydro)oxides systems. Oxidation of As(III) on the three iron (hydro)oxides was observed by the determination of total As(V) concentration. The pseudo‐first‐order equations satisfactorily described the oxidation kinetics data. The oxidation rate constants in the different iron (hydro)oxide systems followed the order: hematite > ferrihydrite > magnetite, that is, 0.0111, 0.0021, and 0.0009 h−1, respectively.
Phytoplankton Functional Groups Variation and Influencing Factors in a Shallow Temperate Lake
Authors: Tian Chang , Hao Daping , Pei Haiyan , Doblin Martina A. , Ren Ying , Wei Jielin , Feng Yawei 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out in Luoma Lake, a shallow lake in temperate eastern China. Based on a two‐year study, the dynamics of phytoplankton functional groups and influencing factors were analyzed. A total of 178 taxa were identified and sorted into 20 codons, according to the phytoplankton functional group classification. In order to find the environmental factors driving phytoplankton variations, fifteen groups were analyzed in detail using redundancy analysis. Groups P (Fragilaria crotonensis), X2 (Chlamydomonas globosa, C. microsphaera and Chroomonas acuta), and MP (Navicula rotaeana) were dominant during low temperature periods, whereas groups X2, S1 (Pseudanabaena limnetica), and W1 (Euglena sp.) were dominant during high temperature periods. Water temperature, total phosphorus, and ammonium were the significant driving factors explaining phytoplankton succession. Furthermore, total phosphorus and ammonium could be broadly used in risk management for potential algal blooms in Luoma Lake.
Statistical Exposé of a Multiple‐Compartment Anaerobic Reactor Treating Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Pfluger Andrew R. , Hahn Martha J. , Hering Amanda S. , Munakata‐Marr Junko , Figueroa Linda 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: Mainstream anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater is a promising energy‐generating treatment strategy; however, such reactors operated in colder regions are not well characterized. Performance data from a pilot‐scale, multiple‐compartment anaerobic reactor taken over 786 days were subjected to comprehensive statistical analyses. Results suggest that chemical oxygen demand (COD) was a poor proxy for organics in anaerobic systems as oxygen demand from dissolved inorganic material, dissolved methane, and colloidal material influence dissolved and particulate COD measurements. Additionally, univariate and functional boxplots were useful in visualizing variability in contaminant concentrations and identifying statistical outliers. Further, significantly different dissolved organic removal and methane production was observed between operational years, suggesting that anaerobic reactor systems may not achieve steady‐state performance within one year. Last, modeling multiple‐compartment reactor systems will require data collected over at least two years to capture seasonal variations of the major anaerobic microbial functions occurring within each reactor compartment.
A brief review on intellectual property rights with special attention on patent
Authors: Rout Susanta Kumar 
Published: May 2018

Intellectual property (IP) is about promoting progress and innovation. Patents, Copyrights, Geographical Indication, Trademarks, Industrial design and Trade secrets are the most common forms of IPRs. Intellectual property rights (IPR) refer to the legal protection accorded to certain inventions or creations of the mind. Intellectual property has increasingly assumed a vital role with the rapid pace of technological, scientific and medical innovation now a day. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are viewed as being of increasing importance in many fields of business. Patents represent a resource for both legal (ownership, inventors, reassignments, claims, etc.) and technology-rich prior art (background, specifications, etc.). Patents are accompanied by detailed textual descriptions of the inventions, and often, by drawings of electrical, mechanical, or chemical structures. Patent is recognition for an invention, which satisfies the criteria of global novelty, non-obviousness, and industrial application. IPR is prerequisite for better identification, planning, commercialization, rendering, and thereby protection of invention or creativity. However, one potential hindrance to their being considered of significant value is the lack of information to the public. Thus, this review paper represents a brief data on the concept of Intellectual property rights.
El desentrenamiento: un subsistema necesario en la preparación del deportista cubano
Authors: Zamora-Castro Rolando , Frómeta-Moreira Noralmis 
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este artículo consistió en elaborar una estructura sistémica, donde se integre por primera vez el desentrenamiento a la «preparación del deportista» cubano, pues hasta ahora está separado de la misma. La original propuesta de «periodización del entrenamiento deportivo» de Matveev (1977), se tomó como el principal referente de este estudio, aunque después de ese hecho han surgido otros modelos de entrenamiento más a tono con las exigencias competitivas actuales en el mundo. Autores como Morales (2016), Pino (2014), Mena, (2014), Mustelier (2014), Pérez y Soria (2014), Mayo (2012), Crusellas (2012), Pérez (2012) y otros, estudiar al desentrenamiento desde las perspectivas médicas o metodológicas, pero ninguno lo reconoció como parte de la «preparación del deportista». Ese vacío filosófico se aprovechó en este estudio y así contribuir a propiciar su conocimiento teórico y práctico. Entre los métodos teóricos se emplearon el análisis-síntesis y el hipotético-deductivo, de los empíricos, el sistémico-estructural-funcional, el taller de familiarización. Entre los resultados más sobresalientes se destacaron la conciliación de las opiniones de los comisionados del deporte de Santiago de Cuba, quienes por primera vez reconocieron sus obligaciones éticas y humanistas en ser partícipes en la preservación de la salud de sus deportistas al cesar sus rutinas de modo definitivo. La conclusión más representativa de este artículo consistió en agregar una estructura capaz de equilibrar los efectos del entrenamiento dentro de la propia «preparación del deportista», elevando así su carácter ético-humanista.
Strategi Pengembangan Daya Tarik Kota Lasem Sebagai Kota Batik-Kopi
Authors: Wibowo Tangguh Okta 
Published: May 2018

This article explores about the tourism potency of Lasem city, a district located in Rembang Regency, Central Java. Data are collected from information circulating on the internet, some testimonials from blogs, and also observations from researchers directly. This article uses city branding theory to explore tourist destination and to maximize the potential things that can be developed. From the results of discussion, the strategies for developing Lasem city to attract many visitors are to formulate a new city branding for Lasem city supported by the development of infrastructure for supporting a city branding: the Lasem as Batik-Coffee City.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Industri Tenun di Desa Wisata Gamplong Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Sari Ratih Indah , Budiani Sri Rahayu 
Published: May 2018

Strategi pemasaran sangat diperlukan dalam menghadapi kegiatan perdagangan yang semakin maju. Untuk itu IKM dituntut lebih inovatif agar produk yang dipasarkan tidak kalah saing dengan produk daerah lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Mengetahui faktor lingkungan internal yang berpengaruh terhadap strategi pemasaran industri tenun Gamplong, 2) Mengetahui faktor lingkungan eksternal yang berpengaruh terhadap strategi pemasaran industri tenun Gamplong, dan 3) Mengetahui sistem pemasaran yang sesuai untuk industri tenun Gamplong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dimana data diperoleh dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan di Desa Wisata Gamplong yang merupakan sentra industri tenun di Kecamatan Moyudan. Hasil lapangan digunakan untuk analisis SWOT yang terdiri dari tabel IFAS, tabel EFAS, matriks IE, dan matriks SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor internal yang berpengaruh berupa: kepemilikan alat secara pribadi, inovasi produk dan bahan baku, harga terjangkau, kurangnya promosi, keterbatasan modal usaha, kendala komunikasi, dan kurangnya link pemasaran. Faktor eksternal yang berpengaruh berupa: pasar luas dengan posisinya sebagai desa wisata, adanya pelatihan industri, kurangnya pengetahuan tentang inovasi, konflik internal, adanya pasar global, dan regenerasi pengrajin tenun. Strategi pemasaran yang sesuai untuk industri tenun Gamplong adalah strategi menjaga dan mempertahankan.
Analisis Laju Sedimen DAS Serayu Hulu dengan Menggunakan Model SWAT
Authors: Christanto Nugroho , Setiawan Muhammad Anggri , Nurkholis Afid , Istiqomah Saidah , Sartohadi Junun , Hadi M Pramono 
Published: May 2018

Wilayah DAS Serayu Hulu merupakan DAS prioritas yang memerlukan langkah pengelolaan yang komprehensif. Aplikasi model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk perencanaan konservasi ataupun evaluasi respon DAS (debit aliran permukaan, sedimen dan pencemaran sungai). Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah menjalankan model SWAT di DAS Serayu Hulu untuk mengetahui laju sedimen di wilayah ini. Pemodelan SWAT membutuhkan sejumlah input parameter berupa relief, tanah, tutupan lahan dan pengelolaan lahan. Pedogeomorfologi digunakan sebagai batas satuan tanah karena tidak tersedianya peta tanah di wilayah penelitian. Hasil Penerapan model SWAT di DAS Serayu Hulu menghasilkan nilai yang cukup memuaskan, hal ini ditunjukkan nilai R2 mencapai 0,94. Hasil pemodelan SWAT dengan menggunakan data selama 10 tahun (2004-2013) menunjukkan bahwa DAS Serayu Hulu memiliki rerata hasil sedimen sebesar 1.926.900 ton/tahun. Sub DAS 8,9 11, 17, 18, dan 19 merupakan penghasil sedimen tertinggi di DAS Serayu Hulu dengan hasil sedimen 43.931– 121.434 ton/ha/tahun.