bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterodimetallic Ferrocenyl Dithiophosphonate Complexes of Nickel(II), Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) as Sensitizers for TiO2‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ajayi Tomilola J. , Ollengo Moses , le Roux Lukas , Pillay Michael N. , Staples Richard J. , Biros Shannon M. , Wenderich Kasper , Mei Bastian , van Zyl Werner E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe formation, characterization, and dye sensitized solar cell application of nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes were investigated. The multidentate monoanionic ligand [S2PFc(OH)]− (L1) was synthesized. The reaction between metal salt precursors and L1 produced Ni(II) complexes of the type [Ni{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2] (1) (molar ratio 1:2), and a tetranickel(II) complex of the type [Ni2{S2OP(Fc)}2]2 (2) (molar ratio (1:1). It also produced a Zn(II) complex [Zn{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2]2 (3), and a Cd(II) complex [Cd{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2]2 (4). Complexes 1–4 were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis, and complexes 1 and 2 were additionally analyzed by X‐ray crystallography. The first examples of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) co‐sensitized with ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes 1–4 are reported. Co‐sensitization with the ruthenium dye N719, produced the dye materials (3)‐N719 (η=8.30%) and (4)‐N719 (η=7.78%), and they were found to have a better overall conversion efficiency than the pure Ru N719 dye standard (η=7.14%) under the same experimental conditions. The DSSCs were characterized using UV/vis, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photovoltaic‐ (I−V curves), and performing incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) measurements.
Preferential Tumor Accumulation of Polyglycerol Functionalized Nanodiamond Conjugated with Cyanine Dye Leading to Near‐Infrared Fluorescence In Vivo Tumor Imaging
Authors: Yoshino Fumi , Amano Tsukuru , Zou Yajuan , Xu Jian , Kimura Fuminori , Furusho Yoshio , Chano Tokuhiro , Murakami Takashi , Zhao Li , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPreferential accumulation of nanoparticles in a tumor is realized commonly by combined effects of active and passive targeting. However, passive targeting based on an enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect is not sufficient to observe clear tumor fluorescence images in most of the in vivo experiments using tumor‐bearing mice. Herein, polyglycerol‐functionalized nanodiamonds (ND‐PG) conjugated with cyanine dye (Cy7) are synthesized and it is found that the resulting ND‐PG‐Cy7 is preferentially accumulated in the tumor, giving clear fluorescence in in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence images. One of the plausible reasons is the longer in vivo blood circulation time of ND‐PG‐Cy7 (half‐life: 58 h determined by the pharmacokinetic analysis) than that of other nanoparticles (half‐life: <20 h in most of the previous reports). In a typical example, the fluorescence intensity of tumors increases due to continuous tumor accumulation of ND‐PG‐Cy7, even more than one week postinjection. This may be owing to the stealth effect of PG that was reported previously, avoiding recognition and excretion by reticuloendothelial cells, which are abundant in liver and spleen. In fact, the fluorescence intensities from the liver and spleen is similar to those from other organs, while the tumor exhibits much stronger fluorescence in the ex vivo image.
Microfluidic Generation of Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhao Xin , Bian Feika , Sun Lingyu , Cai Lijun , Li Ling , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs nanomaterials (NMs) possess attractive physicochemical properties that are strongly related to their specific sizes and morphologies, they are becoming one of the most desirable components in the fields of drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. By choosing an appropriate methodology that allows for accurate control over the reaction conditions, not only can NMs with high quality and rapid production rate be generated, but also designing composite and efficient products for therapy and diagnosis in nanomedicine can be realized. Recent evidence implies that microfluidic technology offers a promising platform for the synthesis of NMs by easy manipulation of fluids in microscale channels. In this Review, a comprehensive set of developments in the field of microfluidics for generating two main classes of NMs, including nanoparticles and nanofibers, and their various potentials in biomedical applications are summarized. Furthermore, the major challenges in this area and opinions on its future developments are proposed.
Magnesium Storage Performance and Mechanism of 2D‐Ultrathin Nanosheet‐Assembled Spinel MgIn2S4 Cathode for High‐Temperature Mg Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yong , Konya Masashi , Kutsuma Ayaka , Lim Seonghyeon , Mandai Toshihiko , Munakata Hirokazu , Kanamura Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMagnesium batteries have the potential to be a next generation battery with large capability and high safety, owing to the high abundance, great volumetric energy density, and reversible dendrite‐free capability of Mg anodes. However, the lack of a stable high‐voltage electrolyte, and the sluggish Mg‐ion diffusion in lattices and through interfaces limit the practical uses of Mg batteries. Herein, a spinel MgIn2S4 microflower‐like material assembled by 2D‐ultrathin (≈5.0 nm) nanosheets is reported and first used as a cathode material for high‐temperature Mg batteries with an ionic liquid electrolyte. The nonflammable ionic liquid electrolyte ensure the safety under high temperatures. As prepared MgIn2S4 exhibits wide‐temperature‐range adaptability (50–150 °C), ultrahigh capacity (≈500 mAh g−1 under 1.2 V vs Mg/Mg2+), fast Mg2+ diffusibility (≈2.0 × 10−8 cm2 s−1), and excellent cyclability (without capacity decay after 450 cycles). These excellent electrochemical properties are due to the fast kinetics of magnesium by the 2D nanosheets spinel structure and safe high‐temperature operation environment. From ex situ X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements, a conversion reaction of the Mg2+ storage mechanism is found. The excellent performance and superior security make it promising in high‐temperature batteries for practical applications.
CD166 Engagement Augments Mouse and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Function via Activation of Stemness and Cell Cycle Pathways
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ghosh Joydeep , Mohamad Safa F. , Zhang Chi , Huang Xinxin , Capitano Maegan L. , Gunawan Andrea M. , Cooper Scott , Guo Bin , Cai Qingchun , Broxmeyer Hal E. , Srour Edward F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells are regulated by interacting signals and cellular and noncellular elements of the hematopoietic niche. We previously showed that CD166 is a functional marker of murine and human HSC and of cellular components of the murine niche. Selection of murine CD166+ engrafting HSC enriched for marrow repopulating cells. Here, we demonstrate that CD166-CD166 homophilic interactions enhance generation of murine and human HPC in vitro and augment hematopoietic function of these cells. Interactions between cultured CD166+ Lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells and CD166+ osteoblasts (OBs) significantly enhanced the expansion of colony-forming units (CFUs). Interactions between CD166+ LSK cells and immobilized CD166 protein generated more CFU in short-term cultures than between these cells and bovine serum albumin (BSA) or in cultures initiated with CD166− LSK cells. Similar results were obtained when LSK cells from wildtype (WT) or CD166 knockout (KO) (CD166−/−) mice were used with immobilized CD166. Human cord blood CD34+ cells expressing CD166 produced significantly higher numbers of CFUs following interaction with immobilized CD166 than their CD166− counterparts. These data demonstrate the positive effects of CD166 homophilic interactions involving CD166 on the surface of murine and human HPCs. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of CD150+CD48− (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)) LSK cells from WT and CD166−/− mice incubated with immobilized CD166 protein revealed that engagement of CD166 on these cells activates cytokine, growth factor and hormone signaling, epigenetic pathways, and other genes implicated in maintenance of stem cell pluripotency-related and mitochondria-related signaling pathways. These studies provide tangible evidence implicating CD166 engagement in the maintenance of stem/progenitor cell function. Stem Cells 2019;37:1319–1330Significance Statement This study describes how homophilic interactions via CD166 that is expressed on hematopoietic cells augments the functional potential of these cells. This study also uses single-cell RNAseq to identify pathways activated by the engagement of CD166 on the surface of these cells to enhance the hematopoietic function of stem and progenitor cells.
Stochastic simulation algorithms for computational systems biology: Exact, approximate, and hybrid methods
Authors: Simoni Giulia , Reali Federico , Priami Corrado , Marchetti Luca 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNowadays, mathematical modeling is playing a key role in many different research fields. In the context of system biology, mathematical models and their associated computer simulations constitute essential tools of investigation. Among the others, they provide a way to systematically analyze systems perturbations, develop hypotheses to guide the design of new experimental tests, and ultimately assess the suitability of specific molecules as novel therapeutic targets. To these purposes, stochastic simulation algorithms (SSAs) have been introduced for numerically simulating the time evolution of a well‐stirred chemically reacting system by taking proper account of the randomness inherent in such a system. In this work, we review the main SSAs that have been introduced in the context of exact, approximate, and hybrid stochastic simulation. Specifically, we will introduce the direct method (DM), the first reaction method (FRM), the next reaction method (NRM) and the rejection‐based SSA (RSSA) in the area of exact stochastic simulation. We will then present the τ‐leaping method and the chemical Langevin method in the area of approximate stochastic simulation and an implementation of the hybrid RSSA (HRSSA) in the context of hybrid stochastic‐deterministic simulation. Finally, we will consider the model of the sphingolipid metabolism to provide an example of application of SSA to computational system biology by exemplifying how different simulation strategies may unveil different insights into the investigated biological phenomenon.This article is categorized under:
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
The influence of atrial fibrillation on the levels of NT-proBNP versus GDF-15 in patients with heart failure
Authors: Santema Bernadet T. , Chan Michelle M. Y. , Tromp Jasper , Dokter Martin , van der Wal Haye H. , Emmens Johanna E. , Takens Janny , Samani Nilesh J. , Ng Leong L. , Lang Chim C. , van der Meer Peter , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Damman Kevin , Dickstein Kenneth , Cleland John G. , Zannad Faiez , Anker Stefan D. , Metra Marco , van der Harst Pim , de Boer Rudolf A. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Rienstra Michiel , Lam Carolyn S. P. , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
In heart failure (HF), levels of NT-proBNP are influenced by the presence of concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF), making it difficult to distinguish between HF versus AF in patients with raised NT-proBNP. It is unknown whether levels of GDF-15 are also influenced by AF in patients with HF. In this study we compared the plasma levels of NT-proBNP versus GDF-15 in patients with HF in AF versus sinus rhythm (SR).

Methods
In a post hoc analysis of the index cohort of BIOSTAT-CHF (n = 2516), we studied patients with HF categorized into three groups: (1) AF at baseline (n = 733), (2) SR at baseline with a history of AF (n = 183), and (3) SR at baseline and no history of AF (n = 1025). The findings were validated in the validation cohort of BIOSTAT-CHF (n = 1738).

Results
Plasma NT-proBNP levels of patients who had AF at baseline were higher than those of patients in SR (both with and without a history of AF), even after multivariable adjustment (3417 [25th–75th percentile 1897–6486] versus 1788 [682–3870], adjusted p < 0.001, versus 2231 pg/mL [902–5270], adjusted p < 0.001). In contrast, after adjusting for clinical confounders, the levels of GDF-15 were comparable between the three groups (3179 [2062–5253] versus 2545 [1686–4337], adjusted p = 0.36, versus 2294 [1471–3855] pg/mL, adjusted p = 0.08). Similar patterns of both NT-proBNP and GDF-15 were found in the validation cohort.

Conclusion
These data show that in patients with HF, NT-proBNP is significantly influenced by underlying AF at time of measurement and not by previous episodes of AF, whereas the levels of GDF-15 are not influenced by the presence of AF. Therefore, GDF-15 might have additive value combined with NT-proBNP in the assessment of patients with HF and concomitant AF.

Graphic abstract
Teaching history for design at TU Delft: exploring types of student learning and perceived relevance of history for the architecture profession
Authors: Hein Carola , van Dooren Elise 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Historical investigation anchors architectural and urban practice. Analyzing two sets of questionnaires distributed in different class settings, this paper explores two questions: how do design students currently learn about architectural history, and how do they translate this knowledge into their design practice? First, tentative conclusions are that (1) physical engagement with buildings outside the classroom is an important inspiration for the students, (2) (assigned) books definitely influence their (design) thinking, (3) different types of pedagogy–lecture, seminar, thesis, studio–affect student learning in different and complementary ways, and (4) students overwhelmingly see history as a relevant preparation and foundation for design, but this understanding is implicit and often unspecific.
Environmental impacts of European trade: interpreting results of process-based LCA and environmentally extended input–output analysis towards hotspot identification
Authors: Beylot Antoine , Corrado Sara , Sala Serenella 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Trade is increasingly considered a significant contributor to environmental impacts. The assessment of the impacts of trade is usually performed via environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIOA). However, process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) applied to traded goods allows increasing the granularity of the analysis and may be essential to unveil specific impacts due to traded products.

Methods
This study assesses the environmental impacts of the European trade, considering two modelling approaches: respectively EEIOA, using EXIOBASE 3 as supporting database, and process-based LCA. The interpretation of the results is pivotal to improve the robustness of the assessment and the identification of hotspots. The hotspot identification focuses on temporal trends and on the contribution of products and substances to the overall impacts. The inventories of elementary flows associated with EU trade, for the period 2000–2010, have been characterized considering 14 impact categories according to the Environmental Footprint (EF2017) Life Cycle Impact Assessment method.

Results and discussion
The two modelling approaches converge in highlighting that in the period 2000–2010: (i) EU was a net importer of environmental impacts; (ii) impacts of EU trade and EU trade balance (impacts of imports minus impacts of exports) were increasing over time, regarding most impact categories under study; and (iii) similar manufactured products were the main contributors to the impacts of exports from EU, regarding most impact categories. However, some results are discrepant: (i) larger impacts are obtained from IO analysis than from process-based LCA, regarding most impact categories, (ii) a different set of most contributing products is identified by the two approaches in the case of imports, and (iii) large differences in the contributions of substances are observed regarding resource use, toxicity, and ecotoxicity indicators.

Conclusions
The interpretation step is crucial to unveil the main hotspots, encompassing a comparison of the differences between the two methodologies, the assumptions, the data coverage and sources, the completeness of inventory as basis for impact assessment. The main driver for the observed divergences is identified to be the differences in the impact intensities of goods, both induced by inherent properties of the IO and life cycle inventory databases and by some of this study’s modelling choices. The combination of IO analysis and process-based LCA in a hybrid framework, as performed in other studies but generally not at the macro-scale of the full trade of a country or region, appears a potential important perspective to refine such an assessment in the future.
The effect of salts and haematite on carboxymethyl cellulose–bentonite and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide–bentonite muds for an effective drilling in shale formations
Authors: Kuma M. , Das B. M. , Talukdar P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA common issue encountered by drilling engineers during drilling operation in oil and gas industries is that simple water-based muds are not suitable for deeper depth and certain clay-swelling formations. Another option as to increasing the density of the drilling mud which brings about an increase in filtration loss, additives may be added to improve the fluid properties. This paper aims on determining the effectiveness of common salts, sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl), and haematite on the rheological properties of optimized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)–bentonite and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)–bentonite muds. Both CMC and PHPA polymer act as fluid loss-reducing agents and viscosifiers for normal bentonite water-based mud. The mud is further enhanced to counter certain swelling formations such as shale through the addition of NaCl and KCl. These salts inhibit the shale formation from swelling through its ions by entering the lattice of the drilling mud or formation instead of the water ions. Haematite, on the other hand, basically functions to increase mud density and acts as a substitute for barite. The effect of haematite on drilling fluid was studied because it gives higher degree of rheological parameters and increases density as compared to barite. So, an optimized concentration of additives was determined for both CMC–bentonite and PHPA–bentonite mud systems, respectively. Three grams of KCl and 3 g haematite were used for CMC–bentonite mud, while 3 g KCl and 1 g haematite were added into PHPA–bentonite mud. Both these muds have shown swelling reduction as compared to those without the use of additives. Moreover, they exhibited Herschel–Bulkley fluid behaviour according to the power law model where their ‘n’ value was less than 1, while their yield points were more than zero. Since shale sloughing is a major problem faced during drilling operation, it leads to major complications in drilling. So, finally, both the formulated drilling fluids are tested to analyse their effect in shale formations by static immersion test. The shale rock was collected from Champhai District of Mizoram. Both the formulated muds exhibited great results as swelling in shale rock was reduced for both muds and optimum rheological values were maintained.
Experimental investigation of environmentally friendly drilling fluid additives (mandarin peels powder) to substitute the conventional chemicals used in water-based drilling fluid
Authors: Al-Hameedi Abo Taleb T. , Alkinani Husam H. , Dunn-Norman Shari , Al-Alwani Mustafa A. , Alshammari Abdullah F. , Alkhamis Mohammed M. , Mutar Rusul A. , Al-Bazzaz Waleed H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe non-biodegradable additives used in controlling drilling fluid properties cause harm to the environment and personal safety. Thus, there is a need for alternative drilling fluid additives to reduce the amount of non-biodegradable waste disposed to the environment. This work investigates the potential of using mandarin peels powder (MPP), a food waste product, as a new environmentally friendly drilling fluid additive. A complete set of tests were conducted to recognize the impact of MPP on the drilling fluid properties. The results of MPP were compared to low viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV), commonly used chemical additive for the drilling fluid. The results showed that MPP reduced the alkalinity by 20–32% and modified the rheological properties (plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength) of the drilling fluid. The fluid loss decreased by 44–68% at concentrations of MPP as less as 1–4%, and filter cake was enhanced as well when comparing to the reference mud. In addition, MPP had a negligible to minor impact on mud weight, and this effect was resulted due to foaming issues. Other properties such as salinity, calcium content, and resistivity were negligibly affected by MPP. This makes MPP an effective material to be used as pH reducer, a viscosity modifier, and an excellent fluid loss agent. This work also provides a practical guide for minimizing the cost of the drilling fluid through economic, environmental, and safety considerations, by comparing MPP with PAC-LV.
Grafted Sepiolites for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Water Treatment
Authors: Undabeytia Tomás , Madrid Fernando , Vázquez Juan , Pérez-Martínez José Ignacio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe increased detection of pharmaceuticals in finished drinking water has become a growing cause of concern in recent years. The removal of atenolol, ranitidine, and carbamazepine by sepiolite, following functionalization of its surface by organosilane grafting, constituted the subject of this investigation. Silylated surfaces include octyl, γ-aminopropyl, 3-chloropropyl, and triphenyl moieties. The sorption of atenolol and ranitidine was higher on sepiolite functionalized with 3-chloropropyl, while carbamazepine showed a higher sorption on sepiolite with triphenyl groups. Filtration experiments of both ranitidine and carbamazepine on octyl- and triphenyl-sepiolite, respectively, showed a higher retention of ranitidine in comparison to carbamazepine, in spite of the fact that the number of sorption sites was lower due to its higher binding rate.