bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribuições e limitações de modelos físicos e de realidade virtual na análise de projetos de HIS por usuários leigos
Authors: Souza Marcio Presente de , Imai César , Azuma Maurício Hidemi 
Published: January 2019

A comunicação das intenções do projeto de arquitetura junto a usuários leigos demanda um processo participativo com estratégias de abordagem adequadas aos diferentes agentes envolvidos. A simulação, por meio de diferentes tipos de modelos tridimensionais pode contribuir nessa comunicação, sendo que esse tipo de representação apresenta a vantagem de possuir uma linguagem mais inteligível ao leigo e próxima do objeto que será construído. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de duas formas de simulações tridimensionais de baixo custo - uma com características físicas e outra em ambiente virtual – que poderiam contribuir em um processo projetual participativo. O artigo relata a aplicação de uma dinâmica de simulação com dois grupos de potenciais usuários de Habitações de Interesse Social (HIS), cujo objetivo é verificar quais as potencialidades de cada modelo para coletar informações junto a esses grupos sobre o ambiente projetado. O método utilizado para avaliar esse potencial dos modelos é desenvolvido através de uma dinâmica de simulação e técnicas de percurso cognitivo, protocolo verbal, teste de usabilidade, além de observações do comportamento dos usuários. Os dados coletados permitem identificar as vantagens e limitações do uso desses procedimentos de simulação na comunicação entre os usuários de HIS e o projetista durante as etapas iniciais do processo de projeto arquitetônico. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o modelofísico associado ao uso de câmera permite uma maior compreensão do conjunto dos ambientes projetados, estimulando o usuário a propor mudanças mais abrangentes na configuração dos mesmos. O modelo virtual com imagens em 360 graus possibilita melhor compreensão sobre aspectos de leiaute, preferências por materiais e aspectos de iluminação. Também foram identificados perfis de usuários que apresentam facilidade ou dificuldade de utilização de determinado instrumento. A contribuição do estudo está nas recomendações de uso dos modelos e nas limitações identificadas durante o processo, auxiliando na revisão de procedimentos para pesquisas futuras que envolvam o processo de projeto participativo habitacional.
A High-Altitude Long-Range Aircraft Configured as a Cloud Observatory: The NARVAL Expeditions
Authors: Stevens Bjorn , Ament Felix , Bony Sandrine , Crewell Susanne , Ewald Florian , Gross Silke , Hansen Akio , Hirsch Lutz , Jacob Marek , Kölling Tobias , Konow Heike , Mayer Bernhard , Wendisch Manfred , Wirth Martin , Wolf Kevin , Bakan Stephan , Bauer-Pfundstein Matthias , Brueck Matthias , Delanoë Julien , Ehrlich André , Farrell David , Forde Marvin , Gödde Felix , Grob Hans , Hagen Martin , Jäkel Evelyn , Jansen Friedhelm , Klepp Christian , Klingebiel Marcus , Mech Mario , Peters Gerhard , Rapp Markus , Wing Allison A. , Zinner Tobias 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA configuration of the High-Altitude Long-Range Research Aircraft (HALO) as a remote sensing cloud observatory is described, and its use is illustrated with results from the first and second Next-Generation Aircraft Remote Sensing for Validation (NARVAL) field studies. Measurements from the second NARVAL (NARVAL2) are used to highlight the ability of HALO, when configured in this fashion, to characterize not only the distribution of water condensate in the atmosphere, but also its impact on radiant energy transfer and the covarying large-scale meteorological conditions—including the large-scale velocity field and its vertical component. The NARVAL campaigns with HALO demonstrate the potential of airborne cloud observatories to address long-standing riddles in studies of the coupling between clouds and circulation and are helping to motivate a new generation of field studies.
Trends in Tropical Wave Activity from the 1980s to 2016
Authors: Raghavendra Ajay , Roundy Paul E. , Zhou Liming 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A frequency–wavenumber power () spectrum was constructed using satellite-derived outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and brightness temperature for the tropical latitudes. Since the two datasets overlap for over 34 years with nonintersecting sources in error and compare relatively well with each other, it is possible to diagnose trends in the tropical wave activity from the two datasets with confidence. The results suggest a weakening trend in characterized by high interannual variability for wave activity occurring in the low-frequency part of the spectrum and a steady increase in with relatively low interannual variability for wave activity occurring in the high-frequency part of the spectrum. The results show the parts of the spectrum representing the Madden–Julian oscillation and equatorial Rossby wave losing and other parts of the spectrum representing Kelvin waves, mixed Rossby–gravity waves, and tropical disturbance–like wave activity gaining . Similar results were obtained when trends in variance corresponding to the first principal component were produced using spectrally filtered OLR data representative of atmospheric equatorial waves. Spatial trends in the active phase of wave events and the mean duration of events are also shown for the different wave types. Linear trends in for the entire spectrum and regional means in the spectrum corresponding to the abovementioned five wave types with confidence intervals are also presented in the paper. Finally, we demonstrate that El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability does not appear to control the overall spatial patterns and trends observed in the spectrum.
A Deterministic Approach for Approximating the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation for Use in Large-Scale Hydrological Modeling
Authors: Bohn Theodore J. , Whitney Kristen M. , Mascaro Giuseppe , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Accurate characterization of precipitation P at subdaily temporal resolution is important for a wide range of hydrological applications, yet large-scale gridded observational datasets primarily contain daily total P. Unfortunately, a widely used deterministic approach that disaggregates P uniformly over the day grossly mischaracterizes the diurnal cycle of P, leading to potential biases in simulated runoff Q. Here we present Precipitation Isosceles Triangle (PITRI), a two-parameter deterministic approach in which the hourly hyetograph is modeled with an isosceles triangle with prescribed duration and time of peak intensity. Monthly duration and peak time were derived from meteorological observations at U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) stations and extended across the United States, Mexico, and southern Canada at 6-km resolution via linear regression against historical climate statistics. Across the USCRN network (years 2000–13), simulations using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, driven by P disaggregated via PITRI, yielded nearly unbiased estimates of annual Q relative to simulations driven by observed P. In contrast, simulations using the uniform method had a Q bias of −11%, through overestimating canopy evaporation and underestimating throughfall. One limitation of the PITRI approach is a potential bias in snow accumulation when a high proportion of P falls on days with a mix of temperatures above and below freezing, for which the partitioning of P into rain and snow is sensitive to event timing within the diurnal cycle. Nevertheless, the good overall performance of PITRI suggests that a deterministic approach may be sufficiently accurate for large-scale hydrologic applications.
Low-Frequency Surface Currents and Generation of an Island Lee Eddy in Panay Island, Philippines
Authors: Amedo-Repollo Charina Lyn , Flores-Vidal Xavier , Chavanne Cedric , Villanoy Cesar L. , Flament Pierre 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHigh-frequency Doppler radar (HFDR) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) time-series observations during the Philippine Straits Dynamics Experiment (PhilEx) were analyzed to describe the mesoscale currents in Panay Strait, Philippines. Low-frequency surface currents inferred from three HFDR (July 2008–July 2009), reveal a clear seasonal signal concurrent with the reversal of the Asian monsoon. A mesoscale cyclonic eddy west of Panay Island is generated during the winter northeast (NE) monsoon. This causes changes in the strength, depth, and width of the intraseasonal Panay coastal (PC) jet as its eastern limb. Winds from QuikSCAT and from a nearby airport indicate that these flow structures correlate with the strength and direction of the prevailing local wind. An intensive survey in 8–9 February 2009 using 24 h of successive cross-shore conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sections, which in conjunction with shipboard ADCP measurements, show a well-developed cyclonic eddy characterized by near-surface velocities of 50 cm s−1. This eddy coincides with the intensification of the wind in between Mindoro and Panay Islands, generating a positive wind stress curl in the lee of Panay, which in turn induces divergent surface currents. Water column response from the mean transects show a pronounced signal of upwelling, indicated by the doming of isotherms and isopycnals. A pressure gradient then is set up, resulting in the spin up of a cyclonic eddy in geostrophic balance. Evolution of the vorticity within the vortex core confirms wind stress curl as the dominant forcing.
A Model Framework for Stochastic Representation of Uncertainties Associated with Physical Processes in NOAA’s Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS)
Authors: Bengtsson Lisa , Bao Jian-Wen , Pegion Philip , Penland Cecile , Michelson Sara , Whitaker Jeffrey 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this study, we propose a physical-process-based stochastic parameterization scheme using cellular automata for NOAA’s Next Generation Global Prediction System. The cellular automata, used to simulate stochastic processes such as the production and destruction of subgrid convective elements, are conditioned on unresolved vertical motion that follows a prescribed stochastically generated skewed distribution (SGS). The SGS is described by a stochastic differential equation and linked to observations by taking into account the first four moments from an observed dataset. In the proposed parameterization framework, we emphasize the need for a dynamical memory term to be included in physical-process-based stochastic parameterizations, and we illustrate the requirement for the dynamical memory using the Mori–Zwanzig formalism. Although this paper focuses on the methodology, early results indicate that if we apply our stochastic framework to deep cumulus convection, it is found that the frequency distribution of precipitation is improved in a single-member stochastic forecast, and some improved spread–skill relationship in ensemble runs can be found in state variables in the tropics, as well as in the subtropics.
Dietary self-efficacy and dietary intake by race/ethnicity among elementary school children
Authors: Kulik Noel , Thomas Erica M , Fahlman Mariane M , Garn Alex C , Centeio Erin E , Somers Cheryl L , McCaughtry Nathan 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Existing research shows that sociodemographic factors are associated with dietary patterns among adolescents; however, little is known about when these relationships begin in children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary self-efficacy (SE) and dietary intake among children over time and by race/ethnicity, among students receiving a healthy eating and physical activity intervention. Design: Pretest–posttest questionnaire, before and after an 8-month intervention Setting: The study was conducted in a large Midwestern metropolitan area of the USA. Method: Students ( N = 332, Mage = 9.1; SD = .61; female = 45%, Black = 46%) completed a questionnaire at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the school year. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and a Mann–Whitney U test were used to determine if there were differences by group. Results: SE at T1 was associated with intake ( p < .01 to p < .05; except whole grains). While there were not intervention effects over time in dietary self-efficacy or intake, findings suggest that healthy eating and self-efficacy differences do not exist in children when examined by race/ethnicity, except in the case of a composite healthy eating score with White students reporting a higher intake of healthy food and a lower intake of unhealthy food overall. Conclusion: Future research should examine when specific differences in healthy eating and SE emerge in children or adolescents in order to develop school, home and community-based interventions that effectively disrupt differences by race/ethnicity before they occur in adolescence.
The Ability of Adults of Different Size to Egress Through Confined Space Apertures
Authors: Stewart Arthur , Nevill Alan , Johnson Christopher 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To determine minimum egress apertures in healthy adults of different body size. Background: Body space requirements have traditionally been considered from an industrial perspective, facilitating safe confined-space working. However, increased typical body size resulting from global obesity renders traditional assumptions of body size inappropriate. This has potentially far-reaching consequences for evacuation planning, due to diminished clearance space, slower movement, and increased chance of physical entrapment. Critically, no current literature describes the minimum apertures adults can negotiate. Method: Forty-eight men and 40 women underwent anthropometric and 3-D scanning assessments from which anatomical dimensions were extracted. Additionally, a wall egress task was undertaken through an aperture that was progressively narrowed until individuals failed to pass. Minimum egress aperture was predicted from anatomical variables using backwards elimination regression. Results: Minimum wall egress was best predicted from mass, abdominal depth, bideltoid breadth and chest depth. Passes and fails, discriminated using binary logistic regression, identified chest depth and abdominal depth as influential for wall egress success at selected apertures, with a gender interaction manifest at abdominal depth. Conclusion: Minimum egress aperture relates to body size and can be predicted from anatomical variables; however, men and women display subtle differences in egress capability. Application: In public and industrial settings, egress capability in restricted spaces is affected by size and gender, with profound implications for safety, which relate to increased typical body size associated with global obesity.
Applying a psychosocial pathways model to improving mental health and reducing health inequalities: Practical approaches
Authors: Stansfield Jude , Bell Ruth 
Published: January 2019

Background: Mental health can help explain how social inequalities impact on health. Many current public health challenges are shaped by social, economic and environmental conditions that take a mental toll on society. Purpose: This article describes a conceptual framework illustrating the psychosocial pathways that link the wider conditions to health behaviours and outcomes. It draws out implications of this framework for mental health practice that aim to support policy and decision-making on future action to reduce health inequalities and presents practical examples of what can be done. Methods: This article expands on a report commissioned by Public Health England. A narrative review and synthesis of relevant evidence built on existing research by the Institute of Health Equity. A conceptual framework was developed and a consultation exercise with stakeholders helped to revise and illustrate it with practice examples. Conclusions: The field of mental health has much to contribute to prevention, not just of mental illness but also of physical health conditions and reduction of inequalities in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy, especially through collaborative public health action.
Decreased Posterior Tibial Slope Does Not Affect Postoperative Posterior Knee Laxity After Double-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bernhardson Andrew S. , DePhillipo Nicholas N. , Aman Zachary S. , Kennedy Mitchell I. , Dornan Grant J. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Recent clinical studies identified sagittal plane posterior tibial slope as a risk factor for increased postoperative laxity after single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR). Purpose/Hypothesis: To retrospectively compare the degree of posterior tibial slope and its effect on posterior tibial translation (PTT) after double-bundle (DB) PCLR. Our null hypothesis was that preoperative tibial slope would not be associated with graft laxity. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients who underwent DB PCLR between 2010 and 2017 by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. Measurements of posterior tibial slope were performed on lateral radiographs, and PTT was measured with pre- and postoperative kneeling stress radiographs. Simple and multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted effect of tibial slope on postoperative graft laxity, respectively. Results: A total of 103 patients with posterior cruciate ligament tears and subsequent reconstructions were included. There was a significant reduction of the mean ± SD side-to-side difference in PTT between stress radiographs (preoperative, 10.6 ± 2.7 mm; postoperative, 1.5 ± 2.6 mm; mean difference, 9.1 mm; 95% CI, 8.4-9.8; P < .001). Linear regression analysis revealed no significant correlation between preoperative posterior tibial slope and the amount of side-to-side difference in PTT on postoperative stress radiographs obtained at a mean 18.5 months ( R = −0.115, P = .249). Combined ligament injury (beta = −1.01; 95% CI, −2.00 to −0.01; P = .047) was a significant independent predictor of decreased postoperative side-to-side difference in PTT. Conclusion: Graft laxity, determined by PTT in posterior kneeling stress radiographs, was not influenced by decreased posterior tibial slope after DB PCLRs. The observed results in the current study support the use of DB PCLR. Future studies should be conducted to compare the effect of tibial slope after SB PCLR and DB PCLR at long-term follow-up.
Breastfeeding Prevalence at Time of Vaccination: Results of a Pilot Study in 6 Italian Regions
Authors: Lauria Laura , Spinelli Angela , Buoncristiano Marta , Bucciarelli Mauro , Pizzi Enrica 
Published: January 2019

Background: In Italy, there is no widespread standardized national monitoring system for breastfeeding practices. Research aims: To estimate breastfeeding indicators according to World Health Organization recommendations and associated socioeconomic factors, highlighting the potential and limitations of vaccination centers as sources of data. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the vaccination centers of 13 Local Health Districts in Italy. Data on breastfeeding practices were collected via structured questionnaires between February and November, 2015, from 14,191 mothers recruited during vaccination appointments for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd doses against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis, and for the 1st dose against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella. Crude breastfeeding rates and direct age standardized rates were compared. Logistic regression models were used to explore socio-demographic characteristics associated with breastfeeding indicators. Results: Overall, 14,191 mothers were recruited, with a response rate higher than 94%. Exclusive breastfeeding rates among children aged 2–3 months and 4–5 months were 44.4% and 25.8%, respectively; breastfeeding rates among children aged 11–12 and 13–15 months were 34.2% and 24.9%; 10.4% never breastfed. Strong geographical and socioeconomic differences were found. Some differences also emerged between crude and standardized rates. Conclusions We conclude that a survey system in vaccination centers is practicable and its use could produce, with standardized methodology, representative regional and national breastfeeding estimates that could monitor progress towards present and future targets.
Clinical features of patients with acute epiglottitis in the emergency department
Authors: Wu I-Ying , Lin Pei-Chen , Hsu Chien-Chin , Chen Kuo-Tai 
Published: January 2019

Background: Acute epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition, but its clinical manifestations are usually nonspecific. Objectives: We investigated the clinical differences between patients with and those without acute epiglottitis and identified the risk factors of patients with acute epiglottitis who may develop airway compromise. Methods: We studied patients suspected of having acute epiglottitis in the emergency department. All patients received fibre-optic laryngoscopy performed by an otorhinolaryngologist and were subsequently divided into two groups: patients with acute epiglottitis and those without. Results: Of the 311 adult patients, 108 were diagnosed with acute epiglottitis. In the nonepiglottitis group, more complaints of fever (p < 0.001), cough (p < 0.001), and rhinorrhoea (p = 0.048) and more systemic comorbidities were reported. People with acute epiglottitis generally had a higher prevalence of head and neck tumours (p = 0.015), odynophagia (p = 0.037) and an elevated white blood cell level (p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular disease (p = 0.014) or diabetes mellitus (p = 0.019), drooling (p = 0.026) or sore throat (p = 0.042), a high respiratory rate (p = 0.009), an elevated white blood cell level (p = 0.002) and a higher C-reactive protein level (p = 0.005) was higher among those who required airway intervention. Conclusion: Clinical manifestations alone were insufficiently reliable for diagnosing acute epiglottitis but could predict disease severity. Laryngoscopy should be performed as soon as possible once a patient is suspected of having acute epiglottitis.
A Systematic Review of Social Service Programs Serving Refugees
Authors: Shaw Stacey A. , Funk Mallory 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: The global forced migration crisis calls for responsive, research-supported social services. This systematic review examines available research on social service programs implemented with refugees worldwide. Methods: Through accessing academic databases, reviewing article reference lists and websites, and contacting experts, we identified 1,402 sources, 68 of which met review inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Results: Studies were conducted primarily in high-income countries ( n = 57). Programs examined were related to general adaptation ( n = 13), relationships ( n = 20), financial and employment support ( n = 15), or a specific area such as sport or gardening ( n = 20). Few studies used pre–post ( n = 6) or experimental designs ( n = 1), and in a majority of studies, the theory underlying the intervention was not specified ( n = 41). Discussion: Additional research is needed to better understand social service programming with refugees, particularly in understudied contexts.