bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formula supplementation remains a risk for cow's milk allergy in breast‐fed infants
Authors: Kelly Eimear , DunnGalvin Gillian , Murphy Brendan P. , O’B Hourihane Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany breastfed babies in Ireland receive formula supplementation within 24 hours of birth. We explored (a) impact of formula supplementation on the likelihood of developing cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and (b) current practice of formula supplementation (<24 hours) among mothers intending to breastfeed.MethodFifty‐five CMPA‐diagnosed children, fed at <24 hours of age (breast only, formula only or breast with formula supplementation), were recruited, and 55 milk‐tolerant age‐ and sex‐matched controls were identified retrospectively in Cork University Maternity Hospital. Two logistic regressions (LoR) examined neonatal feed types on likelihood of developing CMPA while controlling for parental atopy and infant sex. Formula supplementation was then prospectively measured among a separate group of 179 breastfeeding mothers. Linear regression (LiR) analysis was used to examine the subjective and objective reasons for formula supplementation, in addition to examining pre‐existing factors.ResultsTwo LoR examined the infant groups: exclusively breastfed, exclusively formula‐fed or breastfed with formula supplementation. The first LoR model which showed only formula supplementation was significant in prediction of development of CMPA (χ2 (3) = 25.74, P < .05), with 74% diagnostic accuracy when parental atopy and infant sex were controlled for. Breastfed infants given formula supplements were 7.03 (95% CI, 1.82‐27.25) times more likely to exhibit CMPA than those who were exclusively breastfed. Formula supplementation was significant (OR 16.62, 95% CI 3.89‐71.11), indicating that breastfed infants who were given formula supplements were 16 times more likely to exhibit CMPA than those who were exclusively bottle‐fed. Exclusively formula‐fed infants (odds ratio 0.42, 95% CI, 0.16‐1.07) were not significantly more likely to exhibit CMPA than those who were exclusively breastfed in either model (P > .05).About 45.8% of breastfed infants (<24 hours) received supplemental formula. LiR investigated importance of the subjective and objective reasons, in predicting formula supplementation. This model was significant F(8,170) = 66.95, P < .05) explaining 75% of total variance. The subjective factors ‘no latch’ and ‘mum unwell’ were the strongest predictors (β > .45). Objective factors and pre‐existing factors had lower ß values with only mode of delivery and infant hypoglycaemia being significant.ConclusionBreastfed babies are still being put at significantly increased risk of CMPA by receiving supplemental formula in the first 24 hours of life, despite the major predictors of supplementation being subjective and remediable in other ways. Mothers and healthcare providers should be better educated on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and resourced adequately to avoid unnecessary formula supplementation to reduce risk of development of CMPA.
Is there an ethical obligation to split every donor liver? Scarce resources, medical factors, and ethical reasoning
Authors: Bobbert Monika , Primc Nadia , Schäfer Rebecca N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSLT has the potential to counter the worldwide shortage of donor organs. Although the preferred recipients of SLT are usually pediatric patients, a more stringent ethical argument than the fundamental prioritization of children is to demonstrate that SLT of deceased donor organs could increase access to this potentially lifesaving resource for all patients, including children. Several empirical studies show that SLT also makes it possible to achieve similar outcomes to WLT in adults if several factors are observed. In general, it can be regarded as ethically permissible to insist on splitting a donor liver if, in an individual case, SLT is expected to have a similar outcome to that of WLT. The question is therefore no longer whether, but under what conditions SLT is able to achieve similar results to WLT. One of the main challenges of the current debate is the restricted comparability of the available data. We therefore have an ethical obligation to improve the available empirical data by implementing prospective clinical studies, SLT programs, and national registries. The introduction of 2 modes of allocation—one for patients willing to accept both SLT and WLT, and a second for patients only willing to accept WLT—would help to resolve the issue of patient autonomy in the case of mandatory splitting policy.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell and liver transplantation in a young girl with dedicator of cytokinesis 8 protein deficiency
Authors: Kuloglu Zarife , Balcı Deniz , Haskoloğlu Zehra Şule , Kendirli Tanıl , Bingöl‐Koloğlu Meltem , Tuna‐Kırsaçlıoğlu Ceyda , Bal Sevgi , Selbuz Suna , Kırımker Onur , Savaş Berna , Altuntaş Cansu , Güner Şükrü Nail , Can Özlem Selvi , Karayalçın Kaan , Doğu Figen , Kansu Tanca Aydan , İkincioğulları Aydan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDOCK8 deficiency is a rare inherited combined immunodeficiency, caused by mutations in the DOCK8 gene. We describe a case with DOCK8 deficiency associated with severe CLD in whom orthotopic LT was performed successfully after allogeneic HSCT. A 5 year‐old girl with DOCK8 deficiency presented with mild direct hyperbilirubinemia and abnormal GGT level and without a previous history of jaundice. She had severe growth retardation, hepatosplenomegaly and generalized eczema. Progressive worsening of CLD was observed within 4 months. Investigations for etiology of liver disease were negative. Liver biopsy showed bridging necrosis, cholestasis and, cirrhosis. Recurrent immune hemolytic crisis and several viral infections developed in follow‐up. She underwent whole cadaveric LT for end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) 1 year after allogenic HSCT from a full matched related donor. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient is alive with normal liver function and moderate skin graft versus host disease for 36 months after LT. In conclusion DOCK8 deficiency can be associated with severe CLD. Successful LT following HSCT is possible in patients with ESLD in DOCK8 deficiency. The timing of LT is challenging in patients requiring both HSCT and LT since conditioning regimens for HSCT can be highly hepatotoxic and the patients with suboptimal liver function can become decompensated during HSCT.
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplants for Pediatric Severe Aplastic Anemia: Real‐world Data comparing Matched Related and Unrelated Donors in a Developing Country. Retrospective study on behalf of the Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Working Group of the Brazilian Bone Marrow Transplantation Society (SBTMO) and the Brazil‐Seattle Consortium (Gedeco)
Authors: Darrigo Jr Luiz Guilherme , Colturato Vergilio , de Souza Mair Pedro , Loth Gisele , Calixto Rodolfo , Seber Adriana , Zecchin Victor Gottardello , Esteves Daudt Liane , Tavares Rita Barbosa , Arcuri Leonardo , de Macedo Antonio Vaz , Vieira Ana Karine , Kuwahara Cilmara , Ribeiro Lisandro , Fernandes Juliana Folloni , Flowers Mary E. , Pasquini Ricardo , Bonfim Carmem 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we report on major MRD or URD BMT outcomes in pediatric patients with SAA in Brazil. This was a retrospective study, which included 106 patients ≤18 years old who received a first BMT for SAA. All patients received bone marrow as graft source from an MRD (n = 69) or a URD (n = 37). Conditioning regimen was non‐myeloablative in 73.6% of cases, and GVHD prophylaxis comprised a calcineurin inhibitor plus methotrexate in 89.6% of patients. After a median follow‐up of 4.5 years after BMT, 81 patients are alive, with a 4‐year OS of 77% and no statistically significant difference between the MRD and URD groups (82% vs. 69%, respectively; P = .08). Grade III‐IV aGVHD at 6 months and cGVHD at 2 years were observed in 8% and 14% of cases, respectively, and were not statistically different between the groups. Twenty‐five (23%) patients died at a median of 2.9 months after BMT. Our study showed that 4‐year OS after BMT was not statistically different between MRD and URD recipients. This study shows that the outcomes of pediatric patients transplanted for SAA with a URD in Brazil are approaching those of MRD transplants. In contrast, OS after MRD BMT was lower than we would expect based on previous reports. The wide range of preparatory regimens used by the study centers highlights the need for standardized protocols for these children. Our findings provide a benchmark for future studies focused on improving BMT outcomes in this setting in Brazil.
Early menarche is associated with lower adult lung function: A longitudinal cohort study from the first to sixth decade of life
Authors: Campbell Brittany , Simpson Julie A. , Bui Dinh S. , Lodge Caroline J. , Lowe Adrian J. , Matheson Melanie C. , Bowatte Gayan , Burgess John A. , Hamilton Garun S. , Leynaert Benedicte , Gómez Real Francisco , Thomas Paul S. , Giles Graham G. , Frith Peter A. , Johns David P. , Mishra Gita , Garcia‐Aymerich Judith , Jarvis Debbie , Abramson Michael J. , Walters E. Haydn , Perret Jennifer L. , Dharmage Shyamali C. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveEarly menarche is increasing in prevalence worldwide, prompting clinical and public health interest on its links with pulmonary function. We aimed to investigate the relationship between early menarche and lung function in middle age.MethodsThe population‐based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (born 1961; n = 8583), was initiated in 1968. The 5th Decade follow‐up data (mean age: 45 years) included age at menarche and complex lung function testing. The 6th Decade follow‐up (age: 53 years) repeated spirometry and gas transfer factor. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed to determine the association between age at menarche and adult lung function and investigate biological pathways, including the proportion mediated by adult‐attained height.ResultsGirls reporting an early menarche (<12 years) were measured to be taller with greater lung function at age 7 years compared with those reporting menarche ≥12 years. By 45 years of age, they were shorter and had lower post‐bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (adjusted mean difference: −133 mL; 95% CI: −233, −33), forced vital capacity (−183 mL; 95% CI: −300, −65) and functional residual capacity (−168 mL; 95% CI: −315, −21). Magnitudes of spirometric deficits were similar at age 53 years. Forty percent of these total effects were mediated through adult‐attained height.ConclusionEarly menarche was associated with reduced adult lung function. This is the first study to investigate post‐BD outcomes and quantify the partial role of adult height in this association.
Does public‐sector employment fully crowd out private‐sector employment?
Authors: Behar Alberto , Mok Junghwan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmployment matters for development because it can raise household income, lower inequality, promote economic growth, and contribute to political stability. Many countries have high rates of public employment, but what effect does this have on overall employment and unemployment rates? This paper investigates if and to what extent public‐sector employment crowds out (reduces) private‐sector employment. In particular, we estimate regressions of unemployment or private‐sector employment on two measures of public‐sector employment. The study uses an especially assembled dataset, which is novel for its coverage of a large sample of developing countries as part of a panel of rich and poor countries. Our results point to full or just about full crowding‐out for the entire sample. Unlike previous cross‐country studies, which were restricted to advanced economies, we are able to show that these results also apply to developing countries, although crowding‐out may not be quite as high as in advanced economies. The results mean that high rates of public employment have an offsetting large negative impact on private employment rates and do not reduce overall unemployment rates. With the qualifier that government activities may help the economy in other ways, our results imply that, rather than creating public‐sector jobs, scarce fiscal resources could be better spent on other developmental needs.
Non-pharmacological interventions for pain management in adult victims of trauma: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mota Mauro , Cunha Madalena , Santos Margarida Reis , Silva Dulce , Santos Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to map non-pharmacological interventions for reducing acute pain for adult victims of trauma.

Introduction:
Acute pain, as a consequence of either a pathological or traumatic event or even due to invasive and non-invasive healthcare procedures, is highly prevalent in critically ill patients. However, specific acute pain as a direct consequence of trauma is one of the least studied areas of acute pain.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider studies on adult victims of trauma, aged 18 years or over, in prehospital emergency care, emergency departments and trauma centers. All studies that focus on non-pharmacological interventions designed to reduce acute pain, implemented and evaluated by health professionals in any form, duration, frequency and intensity, will be considered.

Methods:
An initial search of PubMed and CINAHL will be undertaken, followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies from 2000 to the present in major healthcare related electronic databases. Studies in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese will be included. Data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers in tabular form and include details about the interventions, populations, study methods and outcomes of interest. A narrative synthesis will accompany the results and will describe how they relate to the review objectives.
Housing temperature affects the acute and chronic metabolic adaptations to exercise in mice
Authors: McKie Greg L. , Medak Kyle D. , Knuth Carly M. , Shamshoum Hesham , Townsend Logan K. , Peppler Willem T. , Wright David C. 
Published: July 2019

Key points
Mice are commonly housed at room temperatures below their thermoneutral zone meaning they are exposed to chronic thermal stress.
Endurance exercise induces browning and mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipose tissue of rodents, but there are conflicting reports of this phenomenon in humans.
We hypothesized that the ambient room temperature at which mice are housed could partially explain these discrepant reports between humans and rodents.
We housed mice at room temperature or thermoneutrality and studied their physiological responses to acute and chronic exercise. We found that thermoneutral housing altered running behaviour and glucose homeostasis, and further, that exercise‐induced markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue were reduced in mice housed at thermoneutrality.
AbstractMice are often housed at temperatures below their thermoneutral zone resulting in compensatory increases in thermogenesis. Despite this, many studies report housing mice at room temperature (RT), likely for the convenience of the researchers studying them. As such, the conflicting reports between humans and rodents regarding the ability of exercise to increase mitochondrial and thermogenic markers in white adipose tissue may be explained by the often‐overlooked variable, housing temperature. To test this hypothesis, we housed male C57BL/6 mice at RT (22°C) or thermoneutrality (TN) (29°C) with or without access to a voluntary running wheel for 6 weeks or subjected them to an acute exhaustive bout of treadmill running. We examined the gene expression and protein content of select mitochondrial and thermogenic markers in skeletal muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). We also assessed adipocyte morphology and indices of glucose homeostasis. Housing temperature influenced glucose tolerance and insulin action in vivo, yet the beneficial effects of exercise, both acute and chronic, remained intact in eWAT, BAT and skeletal muscle irrespective of housing temperature. Housing mice at TN led to an attenuation of some of the effects of exercise on iWAT. Collectively, we present data characterizing the acute and chronic metabolic adaptations to exercise at different housing temperatures and demonstrate, for the first time, that temperature influences the ability of exercise to increase markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue.
ESX/Type VII Secretion Systems—An Important Way Out for Mycobacterial Proteins
Authors: Vaziri Farzam , Brosch Roland 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

The causative agent of human tuberculosis,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, has a complex lipid-rich diderm envelope, which acts as a major barrier protecting the bacterium against the hostile environment inside the host cells. For the transfer of diverse molecules across this complex cell envelope,
M. tuberculosis
has a series of general and specialized protein secretion systems, characterized by the SecA general secretion pathway, the twin-arginine translocation pathway, and five specific ESX type VII secretion systems. In this review, we focus on the latter systems, known as ESX-1 to ESX-5, which were first discovered almost 20 years ago during the
in silico
analysis of the genome sequence of
M. tuberculosis
H37Rv. Since then, these systems have been the subject of highly dynamic research due to their involvement in several key biological processes and host-pathogen interactions of the tubercle bacilli.
Structure and Activity of the Type VI Secretion System
Authors: Cherrak Yassine , Flaugnatti Nicolas , Durand Eric , Journet Laure , Cascales Eric 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a multiprotein machine that uses a spring-like mechanism to inject effectors into target cells. The injection apparatus is composed of a baseplate on which is built a contractile tail tube/sheath complex. The inner tube, topped by the spike complex, is propelled outside of the cell by the contraction of the sheath. The injection system is anchored to the cell envelope and oriented towards the cell exterior by a trans-envelope complex. Effectors delivered by the T6SS are loaded within the inner tube or on the spike complex and can target prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells. Here we summarize the structure, assembly, and mechanism of action of the T6SS. We also review the function of effectors and their mode of recruitment and delivery.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in emergency patients with multivessel disease or unobstructed coronary arteries: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the UK
Authors: Stokes Elizabeth A , Doble Brett , Pufulete Maria , Reeves Barnaby C , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Dorman Stephen , Greenwood John P , Anderson Richard A , Wordsworth Sarah 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo identify the key drivers of cost-effectiveness for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) when patients activate the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway.DesignEconomic decision models for two patient subgroups populated from secondary sources, each with a 1 year time horizon from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services in the UK.SettingUsual care (with or without CMR) in the NHS.ParticipantsPatients who activated the PPCI pathway, and for Model 1: underwent an emergency coronary angiogram and PPCI, and were found to have multivessel coronary artery disease. For Model 2: underwent an emergency coronary angiogram and were found to have unobstructed coronary arteries.InterventionsModel 1 (multivessel disease) compared two different ischaemia testing methods, CMR or fractional flow reserve (FFR), versus stress echocardiography. Model 2 (unobstructed arteries) compared CMR with standard echocardiography versus standard echocardiography alone.Main outcome measuresKey drivers of cost-effectiveness for CMR, incremental costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.ResultsIn both models, the incremental costs and QALYs between CMR (or FFR, Model 1) versus no CMR (stress echocardiography, Model 1 and standard echocardiography, Model 2) were small (CMR: −£64 (95% CI −£232 to £187)/FFR: £360 (95% CI −£116 to £844) and CMR/FFR: 0.0012 QALYs (95% CI −0.0076 to 0.0093)) and (£98 (95% CI −£199 to £488) and 0.0005 QALYs (95% CI −0.0050 to 0.0077)), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the tests was the key driver of cost-effectiveness for both patient groups.ConclusionsIf CMR were introduced for all subgroups of patients who activate the PPCI pathway, it is likely that diagnostic accuracy would be a key determinant of its cost-effectiveness. Further research is needed to definitively answer whether revascularisation guided by CMR or FFR leads to different clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with multivessel disease.
Tobacco cessation training in 6-year pharmacy schools in Japan: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tobari Hiroko , Takahashi Yuji , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Sugiura Munetoshi 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the extent of tobacco cessation training content, including the introduction of a comprehensive programme; and the presence of tobacco-related topics, including new tobacco products, school years and course of training, educators, and attitudes and policies relevant to tobacco education in pharmacy schools in Japan.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingAll pharmacy schools in Japan with a 6-year course of training were invited to participate.MethodsPharmacy schools in Japan that agreed to participate in a web-based survey asking about tobacco cessation training, and attitudes and policies relevant to tobacco education.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of pharmacy schools that introduced comprehensive tobacco cessation training in their curriculum. The secondary outcome was to clarify the curriculum coverage of 9 basic knowledge and 10 tobacco cessation-specific topics, including new tobacco products.ResultsOf the 75 pharmacy schools with a 6-year course in Japan, 52 (74%) responded to the survey. While 27 (52%) schools reported that comprehensive tobacco cessation training would be beneficial, only 1 school had introduced it as a one-credit elective course in the fifth year. Basic knowledge topics for tobacco cessation listed in or related to the Model Core Curriculum were covered by 44%–65% of the schools, while practical skills were covered in 10%–19% of the schools. Only seven schools (14%) introduced the topic of new tobacco products in their curriculum.ConclusionsThis study revealed that comprehensive tobacco cessation training is not generally offered in pharmacy schools in Japan. The Model Core Curriculum should revise its standards to implement updated tobacco cessation training programmes to keep up with new tobacco products and to train pharmacy students on counselling users of such products.Trial registration numberTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences No. 17 – 14.