bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly-L-arginine: Enhancing Cytotoxicity and Cellular Uptake of Doxorubicin and Necrotic Cell Death
Authors: Movafegh Bahareh , Jalal Razieh , Mohammadi Zobeideh , Aldaghi Seyyede A. 
Published: April 2018

Objective: Cell resistance to doxorubicin and its toxicity to healthy tissue reduce its efficiency. The
use of cell-penetrating peptides as drug delivery system along with doxorubicin is a strategy to reduce its side
effects. In this study, the influence of poly-L-arginine on doxorubicin cytotoxicity, its cellular uptake and
doxorubicin-induced apoptosis on human prostate cancer DU145 cells are assessed.

Methods:
The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and poly-L-arginine, alone and in combination, in DU145 cells was
evaluated at different exposure times using MTT assay. The influence of poly-L-arginine on doxorubicin delivery
into cells was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy. DAPI and ethidium bromide-
acridine orange stainings, flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide, western blot analysis with
anti-p21 antibody and caspase-3 activity were used to examine the influence of poly-L-arginine on doxorubicininduced
cell death.

Results:
Poly-L-arginine had no cytotoxicity at low concentrations and short exposure times. Poly-L-arginine
increased the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in DU145 cells in a time-dependent manner. But no significant
reduction was found in HFF cell viability. Poly-L-arginine seems to facilitate doxorubicin uptake and increase
its intracellular concentration. 24h combined treatment of cells with doxorubicin (0.5 µM) and poly-L-arginine
(1 µg ml-1) caused a small increase in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and significantly elevated necrosis in
DU145 cells as compared to each agent alone.

Conclusion:
Our results indicate that poly-L-arginine at lowest and highest concentrations act as proliferationinducing
and antiproliferative agents, respectively. Between these concentrations, poly-L-arginine increases the
cellular uptake of doxorubicin and its cytotoxicity through induction of necrosis.
Specific Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Effect of Dihydrochelerythrine in Glioblastoma Cells: Role of NF-κB/β-catenin and STAT3/IL-6 Pathways
Authors: Silva Tereza C.C. , de Faria Lopes Giselle P. , de J. Menezes-Filho Noélio , de Oliveira Diêgo M. , Pereira Ezequiel , Pitanga Bruno P.S. , dos Santos Costa Rafael , da Silva Velozo Eudes , Freire Songeli M. , Clarêncio Jorge , Borges Helena L. , Rehen Stevens K. , Moura-Neto Vivaldo , Costa Silvia L. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
A glioblastoma is a primary CNS tumor that is more aggressive and lethal than other
brain tumors. Its location, rapid proliferation, invasive growth, angiogenesis and immunosuppression are the
main factors that limit its treatment, making it a major challenge to neuro-oncology.

Objective:
This study investigated the in vitro effects of the alkaloid dihydrochelerythrine (DHC), which is
extracted from Zanthoxylum stelligerum, on the viability, proliferation, cell death and β-catenin, NFκB,
STAT3/pSTAT3 and interleukins roles.

Method:
In vitro experimental models of human (U251 and GL-15) and murine (C6) glioblastoma cells were
cultured in the presence of DHC at increasing concentrations for MTT assay and exclusion trypan blue dye to
determine EC50. Afterward, C6 and U251 cells were treated with 100 µM DHC or DMSO 0.1% for cell cycle,
annexin and expression of β-catenin/NFκB/STAT3/pSTAT3 by flow cytometry or immunofluorescence. Interleukin
quantification was made by Cytometric Bead Array.

Results:
A significant decrease was observed in C6 and U251 cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner.
GL-15 cell viability decreased only when treated with 200 µM DHC. This maximum concentration affected
neither astrocytes nor microglia viability. A cytostatic effect of DHC was observed in C6 and U251 cells after
48 h of 100 µM DHC treatment. After 72 h of DHC treatment, C6 presented 80% of annexin-V+ cells compared
to 10% of annexin-V+ U251 cells. C6 cells demonstrated significant high levels of NFκ B and β-catenin cytoplasmic
fraction. Additionally, DHC treatment resulted in higher significant levels of IL-6 than did other interleukins
and STAT3 up-regulation in U251 cells.

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate that DHC acts as a chemosensitizing agent selective for glioma cells not
affecting non-tumor cells. Considering tumor heterogeneity, DHC demonstrated an anti-cancer potential to
activate different cell death pathways. DHC demonstrated could be used for chemotherapy and immunotherapy
applications in glioblastomas in the future.
Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Anti-cancer Activity, ADMET Profile and Molecular Docking of Novel Triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine Derivatives Targeting VEGFR-2 Enzyme
Authors: El-Helby Abdel-Ghany A. , Sakr Helmy , Ayyad Rezk R.A. , El-Adl Khaled , Ali Mamdouh M. , Khedr Fathalla 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Extensive studies were reported in the synthesis of several phthalazine derivatives as
promising anticancer agents as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Vatalanib (PTK787) was the first anilinophthalazine
published derivative as a potent inhibitor of VEGFR. The discovery of vatalanib as a clinical candidate led to
the design and synthesis of different anilinophthalazine derivatives as potent inhibitors for VEGFR-2. The objective
of present research work is the synthesis of new agents with the same essential pharmacophoric features
of the reported and clinically used VEGFR-2 inhibitors (e.g vatalanib and sorafenib). The main core of our
molecular design rationale comprised bioisosteric modification strategies of VEGFR-2 inhibitors at four different
positions.
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Material and Methods: A correlation between structure and biological activity of our designed phthalazines was
established using molecular docking and VEGFR-2 kinase assay.

Results and Discussion:
In view of their expected anticancer activity, novel triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine derivatives
5-6a-o and 3-substituted-bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[3,4-a:4',3'-c]phthalazines 9a-b were designed, synthesized and
evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity against two human tumor cell lines HCT-116 human colon adenocarcinoma
and MCF-7 breast cancer. It was found that, compound 6o the most potent derivative against both
HCT116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Compounds 6o, 6m, 6d and 9b showed the highest anticancer activities
against HCT116 human colon adenocarcinoma with IC50 of 7±0.06, 13±0.11, 15±0.14 and 23±0.22 µM respectively
while compounds 6o, 6d, 6a and 6n showed the highest anticancer activities against MCF-7 breast cancer
with IC50 of 16.98±0.15, 18.2±0.17, 57.54±0.53 and 66.45±0.67 µM respectively. Sorafenib as a highly potent
VEGFR-2 inhibitor was used as a reference drug with IC50 of 5.47±0.3 and 7.26±0.3 µM respectively. Nine
compounds were further evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. Compounds 6o, 6m, 6d and 9b
emerged as the most active counterparts against VEGFR-2 with IC50 values of 0.1±0.01, 0.15±0.02, 0.28±0.03
and 0.38±0.04 µM, respectively comparable to that of sorafenib (IC50 = 0.1±0.02) µM. Furthermore, molecular
docking studies were carried out for all synthesized compounds to investigate their binding pattern and predict
their binding affinities towards VEGFR-2 active site. In silico ADMET studies were calculated for the tested
compounds. Most of our designed compounds exhibited good ADMET profile.

Conclusion:
The obtained results showed that, the most active compounds could be useful as a template for
future design, optimization, adaptation and investigation to produce more potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitors
with higher anticancer analogs.
Response of rice varieties to nitrogen fertilization under irrigation at Talata Mafara, Sudan savanna
Authors: Mani H. , Muhammad A. , Mahmoud , B. A. , Usman A. 
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was conducted during the dry seasons of 2012 and 2013 in Irrigation Research Station, Talata Mafara, Zamfara State, Latitude 12°34ʹ00ʺ N and Longitude 6°04ʹ00ʺ E 488m above sea level in the Sudan savanna agro-ecological zone. The objective of the research was to test the effect of rice varieties to various levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization under irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomize Block Design (CRBD) using split plot arrangement and was replicated three times. Three rice varieties (Faro 44, 45 and 57) were allocated to the main plot and three nitrogen levels (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) were allocated to the sub plot. The gross and net plot sizes were 5 x 4 and 3 x 3 m respectively. Weeds were controlled using Glyphosate as pre-plant, Butachlor as pre-emergence and Orizo plus as post-emergence herbicides and supplemented with hand pulling at 9 WAS. Fertilizer was applied in two split doses. First half was applied at planting using NPK and the remaining half at 6 WAT using Urea (46 % N). Data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using DMRT at 5 % level of probability. The result of the effect of variety on growth parameters showed that Faro 44 recorded higher days to 50 % anthesis but was significantly (p≤0.05) shorter in height than Faro 57. The effect of the treatment on yield parameters showed that Faro 44 recorded higher thrashing percentage, 1000-grain weight and number of grain panicle-1 significantly (p≤0.05) higher than Faro 45 and 57 in all the seasons. Increasing nitrogen levels from 60 kg N ha-1 significantly increased growth and yield parameters. Application of 180 kg N ha-1 on Faro 44 is hereby recommended for rice growing in the ecological zone.
Educational Decentralization Efforts in a Centralized Country: Saudi Tatweer Principal Perceptions of New Authorities Granted
Authors: Meemar Salah S. , Poppink Sue , Bierlein Palmer Louann 
Published: April 2018

This study captured the perspectives of school principals in Saudi Arabia regarding the new authorizes granted to them as part of their country’s education decentralization efforts.Â Specifically, this study explored these principals’ perceived ability to implement the new authorities, levels of support, effectiveness, and additional desired authorities. This study provided an opportunity to analyze the early efforts of a country with a very centralized educational system to implement more significant decentralization efforts.A total of 173 Tatweer school principals completed an online survey, and findings suggest these Saudi principals perceived limited ability, low to moderate support in implementing the new authorities, and only slight agreement that the authorities were likely to achieve desired outcomes. Multiple regression analysis revealed that beliefs on the effectiveness of the authorities at achieving MOE outcomes were predicted by perceived ability to implement administrative authorities, perceived support to implement technical authorities, and years of experience.
Análise das exportações da região Nordeste nos anos de 2005 e 2015: uma aplicação do método Shift-Share
Authors: Santos Thaís Amaral , Das Almas Rondinaldo Silva 
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as exportações dos estados do Nordeste do Brasil entre os anos de 2005 e 2015, traçando um comparativo entre os resultados estaduais e os da região como um todo, o que forneceu um diagnóstico da situação dos estados nordestinos em relação à exportação dos principais itens que compõem a sua pauta, a saber: se os estados apresentam ou não vantagens comparativas e se possuem ou não especialização na produção desses itens. A análise foi feita utilizandose o método shift-share, com base nos dados fornecidos pela Secretaria do Comércio Exterior. Observou-se que a região apresenta pauta de exportações concentrada – tanto no que diz respeito aos produtos exportados quanto em relação às participações dos estados no total exportado –, destacando-se as commodities.
Mabadiâ€™ Asyroh Nalar Fikih Sosial Ali Yafie
Authors: Yulianto Y 
Published: April 2018

Making a decision in Islamic law must be contextual and give a priority to ummaâ€™s benefit (mashlahat) and consider a sense of justice.Â This purpose portraysÂ the main thought of Ali Yafieâ€™s social fiqh. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method to see social fiqh. The result of this research shows that Ali Yafieâ€™s social fiqh thought by taking mabadiâ€™ asyroh (ten principles) which are: (1) hadul ilmi is methodological process and product of legislation of Islamic law; (2) maudluâ€™ul ilmi is identification of social problems; (3) tsamrotul ilmi is ummaâ€™s benefits; (4) fadlul ilmi is obligation of each Moslem; (5) nisbatul ilmi is maqashid al-syariah and fardlu â€˜ain- fardlu kifayah considerations; (6) wadliâ€™ul ilmi is KH. A. Sahal Mahfudz dan K.H. Ali Yafie, (7) ismul ilmi is social fiqh, (8) istimdadul ilmi is Alquran, hadith, al-ijmaâ€™, qiyas, rational-holistic integration, reality, and interpreting Islamic texts based on social benefits (mashlahah), (9) hukmul ilmi is wajib kifayah and wajib â€˜ain, and (10) masailul ilmi, is any social problems.Â
Calidad de vida relacionada con salud en guardas de seguridad de Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Cogollo-Milanes Zuleima , Cantillo-Pérez Luz , García-Gómez Laura , García-Angulo Lorena , Severiche-Sierra Carlos Alberto 
Published: April 2018

Introducción: La calidad de vida es un concepto relacionado con el bienestar social y depende de la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas y de los derechos positivos como la libertad, modos de vida, trabajo, servicios sociales y condiciones ecológicas. Objetivo: Determinar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en guardas de seguridad que laboran en turnos irregulares en una empresa de seguridad de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una población de 200 guardas de seguridad que laboran en turnos irregulares en una empresa de seguridad en la ciudad de Cartagena, y el instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario relacionado con la salud Short Form (SF-36) y una encuesta sociodemográfica. Resultados: En la evaluación de las dimensiones de Calidad de Vida relacionada con la Salud, se observa que el promedio con más alto puntaje, se obtuvo en la dimensión que evalúa el rol físico (98,3%), mientras que en la dimensión de salud general (89,4%) se obtuvieron menores valores. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio demuestran, en promedio, la buena percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los participantes. El alto promedio de respuestas comprendidas (98,3%, 97,9%, 95,4%, 92%, 91,4%) reflejan la observación de “buena salud”.
Desafíos ambientales para la construcción de un postconflicto sostenible
Authors: Sotelo Aragón Clay Said , Hundek Pichón Leticia Elena 
Published: April 2018

Este artículo de investigación da cuenta de un estudio teórico y normativo que señala el ambiente como un tema trascendental en el marco del conflicto armado y del postconflicto en Colombia. Describiendo la alta relevancia ambiental que tienen las zonas más cercanas al conflicto armado como también las problemáticas ambientales consecuencia del mismo para exponer los retos y desafíos propuestos para la preservación y protección del ambiente durante el postconflicto. Sugiriendo así, los procesos investigativos como desafío y propuesta para el estudio y la búsqueda de modelos de sostenibilidad y productividad económica para el desarrollo durante el postconflicto en razón de la importancia que representa éste en el conglomerado social más cercano al conflicto.

Palabras clave:
Conflicto armado, Desafíos ambientales, Paradoja ambiental, Relevancia ambiental, Desarrollo sostenible.
Ensayo del proceso de auto acreditación de una institución
Authors: Fortich Lozano Iliana Marcela 
Published: April 2018

Este artículo se escribe con el propósito de trasmitir los conocimientos sobre el proceso de auto acreditación que cada institución educativa de nivel superior debe desarrollar; para obtener la calidad de los programas que la universidad ofrece. El proceso de acreditación que realiza AFEIDAL a las Facultades de Derecho de Latinoamérica; es realizado con el objetivo, de progresar continuamente el propósito de desarrollo de la Universidad frente a los retos sociales, económicos y culturales que se dan firmemente en nuestra colectividad latinoamericana en el siglo XXI. No obstante, enfocado desde la perspectiva del Derecho como objeto de evaluación, por el perfil de la asociación y por su trascendencia principal dentro de la sociedad.

Palabras Claves:
Autoevaluación, progreso, educación superior, programa de derecho, currículos actualizados.
La salud sexual y reproductiva en las mujeres de la comunidad de Siape (Barranquilla) y los pronunciamientos de la Corte constitucional de Colombia
Authors: Reales Vega Rosario Joaquín , Berrocal Duran Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2018

El objetivo central de este artículo de investigación se constituyó en caracterizar la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres del barrio Siape de la ciudad de Barranquilla, con el propósito de implementar estrategias que puedan contribuir en mejorar la calidad de vida. Como Objetivos Específicos se propusieron: determinar la mortalidad materna del barrio Siape y sus causas para implementar acciones socioculturales y socioeducativas que contribuyan a disminuir la situación; establecer el tipo de controles que realizan las mujeres embarazadas y el tratamiento que se les indica en estos; identificar los diferentes métodos de planificación familiar utilizados por la población de mujeres en el sector para la prevención de embarazos no deseados. El Método utilizado fue el cuantitativo, con la realización de una investigación de tipo descriptivo, utilizando una población constituida por las mujeres residentes en el Barrio Siape de la ciudad de Barranquilla, con edades entre los 13 y los 60 años. La muestra utilizada fue no probabilística voluntaria. Entre las conclusiones de la investigación se tienen los siguientes aspectos: en las comunidades más vulnerables se ve reflejado el poco cuidado de las mujeres en estado de embarazo, y el tenue acompañamiento por parte de los familiares en la realización de los controles y en el cuidado de ellas.
Steel Cord–Rubber Adhesion with SEM/EDX
Authors: Chen Yusheng , Schlarb Jeremy L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBrass-coated steel cords are widely used as reinforcement material for rubber composites. The adhesion between steel cord and rubber is critical throughout the lifetime use of steel cord/rubber composites; thus, the adhesion mechanism has been a focus of the rubber industry for several decades. Various modern analytical instruments, such as X-ray spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, have been applied to the study of this bonding interface. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) was used to research the morphology of the steel cord surface and the adhesion mechanism. According to these morphology testing results, the rubber residue bands were observed be orientated and located mostly in Cu/Zn void areas. Further research reveals that macro-structure adhesion layer leads to interlocking mechanism for rubber residue.
Optimal management of power networks using a dynamic line rating approach
Authors: J. Duque  , D. Santos  , A. Couto  , A. Estanqueiro  
Published: April 2018

Due to the stochastic nature of wind, the wind power integration into the power system poses serious challenges to the transmissionsystem operators(TSO). The impact of large amounts of windenergygeneration onto the power system may congest some of the transmissionlines that transport it to the (sometimes)distant consumption centres. Since the occurrence of wind not only contributes to the loading of theconnecting electric line, but also increases the line capacity, via convective cooling of the cables, a dynamic line rating (DLR)analysis computes a more realistic set of values for the line capacity,thusit can be a cost-effective solution toalleviatesomeoverhead line congestion problems.This work presentsan operational tool for the DLR analysis of power networks,allowingthe optimal integration of renewable energy sources,especially wherepotentially congested linesmay exist. The tool was appliedto a real case studyusing forecast meteorological data, and the results achieved were compared with those obtained by using the Portuguese TSOmethodfor assessingthe transmission capacity of the lines. For high wind speed conditions,results show anoticeable increase on the cable’s convective cooling assessed by the DLR analysis. This assessmentleadsto a noticeable rise on the cables’capacitiesthat overcame the congestion associated with the high injection levels of wind power generationin the power grid.
Massive ribs fractures due to artriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille syndrome): a case report.
Authors: Aboud Mohammed J 
Published: April 2018

Abstract Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare multisystem congenital disorder, with a minimum incidence of approximately 1:30,000 live births. It is an autosomal dominant disease that arises from mutations in the Jagged1 (JAG1) gene (approximately 60% of cases are caused by de novo mutations), which encodes a ligand for Notch receptors. The most common symptoms associated with this syndrome are cholestasis with the obstruction or slowing of biliary flow, congenital heart disease (pulmonary artery stenosis), and butterfly-shaped vertebrae, anterior chamber eye defects, and dysmorphic faces. Several of the characteristics of Alagille syndrome may result in patients having an especially high risk of fracture. The majority of patients suffer from chronic cholestasis, which can have a variety of adverse effects on bone metabolism. Case presentation; A 6-months-old girl admitted to pediatric surgery unit with jaundice since one month of age, progressive abdominal distention. She had been diagnosed with biliary atresia at the age of 1 month on the base of clinical diagnosis, she was malnourished with stunted growth. She had most of the features of Alagille syndrome. Chest radiographs showed generalized decreased in bone density with multiple ribs fractures on the left side, with pulmonary consolidation in the left middle and lower zone. Osteodystrophy (haptic cause) was enrolled based on the fact that there was no evidence or history of trauma (child abuse by the family was not considered). Our study is one of a few reports to document ribs fracture in children with AGLS.
Cytokine induction after Epstein-Barr virus infection of peripheral T-lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Ninla-aesong Putrada , Pradutkanchana Jintana , Noipha Kusumarn , Mitarnun Winyou 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground: Although the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in different T-cell malignancies has been widely reported, there is very few data available for EBV infection of normal T cells. This leads to the lack of knowledge on the early events after T cell infection. Objective: Investigate the early events occurring after normal human peripheral T-cells are infected with EBV in vitro. Methods: T-cells were treated with EBV in vitro. The expression of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) mRNA were determined using reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR, and the level of TNF-α and interferon- γ (IFN-γ) in the culture supernatant were measured using ELISA. The effect of virus inactivation on cytokine induction from T-cells was also determined. Results: At the beginning of T cell infection by EBV, the expression of several lytic EBV transcripts (BALF5, BcLF1, and BLLF1) were observed using RT-PCR. This indicated the susceptibility of in vitro EBV infection and the entering lytic cycle of EBV-infected T-cells. The interactions of EBV with T-cells lead to induction of inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interferon- γ (IFN-γ), production from the T-cells. Inactivation of the virus by UV irradiation eliminated the TNF-α and IFN-γ induction by EBV, suggesting the involvement in the expression of viral gene(s). Conclusion: This in vitro analysis demonstrated the cytokine induction by EBV after primary infection of T-cells.