bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multinational validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition pancreatic cancer staging system in a pancreas head cancer cohort
Authors: Kwon Wooil , He Jin , Higuchi Ryota , Son Donghee , Lee Seung Yeoun , Kim Jaeri , Kim Hongbeom , Kim Sun‐Whe , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Cameron John L. , Yamamoto Masakazu , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to compare the 7th and 8th editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for pancreas head cancer and to validate the 8th edition using three multinational tertiary center data.MethodsData of 2,864 patients with pancreas head cancer were collected from Korea (571), Japan (824), and the USA (1,469). Survival analysis was performed to compare the 7th and 8th editions. Validation was performed by log‐rank tests and test for trend repeated 1,000 times with random sets.ResultsIn the 7th edition, 4.1%, 3.1%, 18.6%, 67.5%, 3.6%, and 3.1% were stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III, and IV. In the 8th edition, 8.8%, 13.9%, 3.1%, 38.2%, 32.9%, and 3.1% were stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III, and IV, respectively. The change in T category downstaged 459 patients from IIA to the new IA and IB. The new N2 category upstaged 856 patients from the former IIB to III. The 7th edition reversely stratified IA and IB. The 8th edition corrected this mis‐stratification of the 7th edition, but lacked discriminatory power between IB and IIA (P = 0.271). Validation using the log‐rank showed that the 8th edition provided better discrimination in 6.387 test sets among 10 tests. The test for trend validated the 8th edition to stratify stages in correct order more often (7.815/10).ConclusionThe 8th edition provides more even distribution with more powerful discrimination compared to the 7th edition.
High molecular weight hyaluronan protects cartilage from degradation by inhibiting aggrecanase expression
Authors: Ohtsuki Takashi , Asano Keiichi , Inagaki Junko , Shinaoka Akira , Kumagishi‐Shinaoka Kanae , Cilek Mehmet Z. , Hatipoglu Omer F. , Oohashi Toshitaka , Nishida Keiichiro , Komatsubara Issei , Hirohata Satoshi 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTHyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) component of articular cartilage and has been used to treat patients with osteoarthritis (OA). A disintegrin and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) play an important role in cartilage degradation in OA. We have previously reported that ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS9 were induced by cytokine stimulation. However, the effect of HA on the cytokine‐inducible ADAMTS9 has never been investigated. Moreover, it is unclear whether HA protects cartilage by suppressing aggrecan degradation. Here, we examined the effects of HA on ADAMTS expression in vitro and on cartilage degradation in vivo. ADAMTS9 expression was higher than that of the other aggrecanases (ADAMTS4 and 5) in human chondrocytes, chondrocytic cells, and rat cartilage. ADAMTS4 and 9 mRNA levels were upregulated in cytokine‐stimulated chondrocytes and chondrocytic cells. Pre‐incubation with HA significantly inhibited ADAMTS9 mRNA expression in cytokine‐stimulated cells. In a rat OA model, Adamts5 and 9 mRNA levels were transiently increased after surgery; intra‐articular HA injections attenuated the induction of Adamts5 and 9 mRNA. HA also blocked aggrecan cleavage by aggrecanase in OA rats in a molecular size‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate that HA attenuates induced aggrecanases expression in OA and thereby protects articular cartilage degradation by this enzyme. Our findings provide insight into the molecular basis for the beneficial effects of HA in OA. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:3247–3255, 2018.
Effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and immunological profile and oral colonization of Candida spp in HIV‐infected patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Nobre Átila V. V. , Pólvora Tábata L. S. , Silva Letícia R. M. , Teles Vanessa de O. , Villafuerte Kelly Vargas , da Motta Raphael J. G. , Fortes João H. P. , Silva Gilberto A. , Ranieri Ana Laura P. , de Macedo Leandro D. , Morejon Karen M. L. , da Fonseca Benedito A. L. , Tirapelli Camila , Saraiva Maria C. P. , Taba Mário , Lourenço Alan G. , Motta Ana Carolina F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAfter the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a chronic controllable disease. For this reason, chronic conditions related to both HIV infection and senescence, such as chronic periodontitis (CP) need to be studied. This study investigated the impact of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on clinical and immunological features of CP, and on oral colonization by Candida spp. in HIV‐infected and non‐HIV‐infected individuals.MethodsHIV‐infected (test group) and non‐HIV‐infected (control group) adults patients with CP were selected. Gingival bleeding index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), number of teeth, CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load (only for HIV‐infected individuals), salivary cytokines (interleukin, [IL]‐6, IL‐8, and tumoral necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α]), and oral Candida infection (colony forming units and species) were assessed at baseline, and 30 and 90 days after NSPT.ResultsTwenty‐two HIV‐infected patients and 20 non‐HIV‐infected patients were evaluated. Candida counts and salivary IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐a levels were higher in the test group than in the control group. Both groups showed a decrease in oral Candida counts, GI, PD, IL‐6, and IL‐8 as well as gain in CAL at 30 and 90 days after NSPT. In addition, patients in the test group showed an increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and a decrease of viral load.ConclusionNSPT had a beneficial impact on clinical and immunological parameters of CP, reduction of oral Candida counts, and improvement of HIV‐infection status.
Low‐Power Continuous‐Wave Second Harmonic Generation in Semiconductor Nanowires
Authors: Yuan Qingchen , Fang Liang , Yang He , Gan Xuetao , Khayrudinov Vladislav , Lipsanen Harri , Sun Zhipei , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSemiconductor nanowires (NWs) are promising for realizing various on‐chip nonlinear optical devices, due to their nanoscale lateral confinement and strong light–matter interaction. However, high‐intensity pulsed pump lasers are typically needed to exploit their optical nonlinearity because light couples poorly with nanometric‐size wires. Here, microwatts continuous‐wave light pumped second harmonic generation (SHG) in AlGaAs NWs is demonstrated by integrating them with silicon planar photonic crystal cavities. Light–NW coupling is enhanced effectively by the extremely localized cavity mode at the subwavelength scale. Strong SHG is obtained even with a continuous‐wave laser excitation with a pump power down to W, and the cavity‐enhancement factor is estimated around 150. Additionally, in the integrated device, the NW's SHG is more than two orders of magnitude stronger than third harmonic generations in the silicon slab, though the NW only couples with less than 1% of the cavity mode. This significantly reduced power requirement of NW's nonlinear frequency conversion would promote NW‐based building blocks for nonlinear optics, especially in chip‐integrated coherent light sources, entangled photon pairs and signal processing devices.
Ethnic benign neutropenia: A phenomenon finds an explanation
Authors: Palmblad Jan , Höglund Petter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEthnic benign neutropenia (ENP) is the most common form of neutropenia (NP) worldwide, if an absolute blood neutrophil count (ANC) of < 1.5 G/L is used as definition. In 2009, ENP was associated with a gene variation in the ACKR1/DARC gene, the same variation that also confers the Duffy‐null trait. In 2017, a novel mechanism for ENP was introduced, questioning if ENP is a true neutropenic state, when the body's total neutrophil count (TBNC) is concerned. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of ENP, asking (1) How well does the peripheral blood ANC predict the TBNC? (2) Can we improve methods for assessing TBNC? (3) Will estimates of TBNC predict infection propensity and reduce the need for further, costly workup?
Overlapping radiofrequency ablation planning and robot‐assisted needle insertion for large liver tumors
Authors: Liu Ping , Qin Jing , Duan Bin , Wang Qiong , Tan Xiaoyu , Zhao Baoliang , Jonnathan Peneyra Libao , Chui Chee‐Kong , Heng Pheng‐Ann 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed at facilitating percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for large tumors with accurate overlapping ablation planning and robot‐assisted needle insertion from a single incision port (SIP).MethodsWe developed a personalized and quantitative RFA planning method to obtain multiple needle overlapping ablation planning through a single incision. A robot with a remote center of motion mechanism was designed to perform needle insertions through a SIP according to the planning.ResultsNumerical and visual evaluation showed that the planning could yield nearly full coverage over large tumors and greatly reduce both ablation times and the ablations of normal tissues. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments showed that our robot‐assisted needle insertion system was capable of conducting the RFA procedure in large liver tumors from a SIP.ConclusionsRobot‐assisted RFA needle insertions from a SIP makes RFA treatment for large tumors more minimally invasive, predictable, and repeatable.
Frequency offset insensitive demodulation algorithm for satellite‐based automatic identification system
Authors: Zhou Haosu , Lu Wenbin , Lv Zhenbin , Gu Hui , Liu Zhenfu 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe frequency offset caused by the Doppler shift and the oscillators instability degrades the performance of satellite‐based demodulators for automatic identification system (AIS) signals unless proper synchronization algorithms are used. A noncoherent demodulation algorithm (NDA) based on cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error correction is proposed in this paper, which is able to tolerate large frequency offsets, thus avoiding the use of an explicit frequency synchronizer. To reduce the complexity, the number of CRC register states for error correction can be limited. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm are presented and compared with other demodulation algorithms in the literature in terms of bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER).
Understanding the Correlation of Crystal Atoms with Photochemistry Property: Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2vs. ZnCO3
Authors: Liu Zhe , Teng Fei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 nanosheets are prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, and ZnCO3 are also prepared to compare. It is found that compared with ZnCO3, hydroxyl anion greatly changes energy band structure and oxidation potential of valence band, and improves charge separation efficiency and rates of Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2. The time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) results show that the average lifetime (τ) of carriers is 1.485 ns for Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2, while 0.380 ns for ZnCO3, illustrating a greatly low carrier recombination rate of Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2; and Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 has a 20 times photocurrent higher than ZnCO3. Besides, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 has a greatly higher oxidation potential (5.05 V) than ZnCO3 (3.17 V), suggesting a high oxidizing ability of Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2. Under ultraviolet light irradiation (λ≤400 nm), 92% of MB can be degraded by Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 after 80 min, which is 2.31 times as high as that of ZnCO3, although Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 has a lower BET area (5.8 m2g−1) than ZnCO3 (7.7 m2g−1). This work favors to insight into the correlation of crystal atoms with photochemistry property for a photocatalyst.
Parkia speciosa as Reduction Agent in Green Synthesis Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Yusof Khairul Nazri , Alias Siti Salwa , Harun Zawati , Basri Hatijah , Azhar Faiz Hafeez 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSynthesis of nanoparticles based on plant extract as reduction agent has been discovered extensively due to its environmental friendly approach. In this work, a facile silver nanoparticles is synthesized via incorporation of silver nitrate aqueous solution with Parkia speciosa leaves extract. Centrifugation is introduces to improve the characteristics of nanoparticles. Chemical interactions have identified –OH stretching vibration, C=O and C=C, proving the presence of phenolic, terpenoid and flavonoid capped on silver nanoparticles. The TEM result demonstrates the silver nanoparticles had consistence spherical nanoparticles shape with average particles size (59.96 nm) in accordance with FESEM analysis. The structural analysis by XRD shows the nanoparticles had high degree of crystallinity (97%) and crystallite size (17.95 nm). The optical analysis by UV‐Vis reveals that the nanoparticle produces brown colour solution with high absorption band (465 nm). This proves that Parkia speciosa extract has potential as reduction agent in synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Two New Cerioptins (A‐B) from the Mangrove Ceriops tagal
Authors: Sura Madhu Babu , Dangeti Nalini , Ponnapalli Mangala Gowri 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTwo novel compounds (1‐2), cerioptins A−B, along with seven known compounds were isolated from the mangrove, Ceriops tagal. These new compounds were characterized as a rare ethyl‐[(2‐allyl‐2‐chloromethyl)‐2H‐1‐benzopyran]‐3‐carboxylate (1) and a novel tetraterpenoid congener of heterodimeric diterpenoid, pimara‐11‐enol‐(16→2′)‐dolabra‐1,4(18),15‐triene (2) by extensive modern spectroscopic 2D NMR [COSY (correlation spectroscopy), NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy), HSQC (heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation), HMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation)], IR (infrared) and mass data analysis. The naturally occurring new heterodimeric diterpene is derived from two new diterpenes as pimara‐11‐enol and dolabra‐1,4(18),15‐triene.
Polyprodrug Antimicrobials: Remarkable Membrane Damage and Concurrent Drug Release to Combat Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Cao Bing , Xiao Fengfeng , Xing Da , Hu Xianglong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe increased threat of antibiotic resistance has created an urgent need for new strategies. Herein, polyprodrug antimicrobials are proposed to mimic antimicrobial peptides appended with a concurrent drug release property, exhibiting broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity and especially high potency to inhibit methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) without inducing resistance. Two series of polyprodrug antimicrobials are fabricated by facile polymerization of triclosan prodrug monomer (TMA) and subsequent quaternization of hydrophilic poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), affording PDMAEMA‐b‐PTMA and PQDMA‐b‐PTMA, respectively. Optimized samples with proper hydrophobic ratio are screened out, which exhibit remarkable bacterial inhibition and low hemolysis toward red blood cells. Furthermore, synergistic antibacterial mechanisms contribute to the bacteria killing, including serious membrane damage, increased out‐diffusion of cytosolic milieu across the membrane, and intracellular reductive milieu‐mediated triclosan release. No detectable resistance is observed for polyprodrug antimicrobials against MRSA, which is demonstrated to be better than commercial triclosan and vancomycin against in vivo MRSA‐infected burn models and a promising approach to the hurdle of antibiotic resistance in biomedicine.
Direct‐Write Formation and Dissolution of Silver Nanofilaments in Ionic Liquid‐Polymer Electrolyte Composites
Authors: Chao Zhongmou , Radka Brian P. , Xu Ke , Crouch Garrison M. , Han Donghoon , Go David B. , Bohn Paul W. , Fullerton‐Shirey Susan K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMaterials with reconfigurable optical properties are candidates for applications such as optical cloaking and wearable sensors. One approach to fabricate these materials is to use external fields to form and dissolve nanoscale conductive channels in well‐defined locations within a polymer. In this study, conductive atomic force microscopy is used to electrochemically form and dissolve nanoscale conductive filaments at spatially distinct points in a polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)‐based electrolyte blended with varying amounts of ionic liquid (IL) and silver salt. The fastest filament formation and dissolution times are detected in a PEGDA/IL composite that has the largest modulus (several GPa) and the highest polymer crystal fraction. This is unexpected because filament formation and dissolution events are controlled by ion transport, which is typically faster within amorphous regions where polymer mobility is high. Filament kinetics in primarily amorphous and crystalline regions are measured, and two different mechanisms are observed. The formation time distributions show a power‐law dependence in the crystalline regions, attributable to hopping‐based ion transport, while amorphous regions show a normal distribution. The results indicate that the timescale of filament formation/dissolution is determined by local structure, and suggest that structure could be used to tune the optical properties of the film.
A New Way to Promote Molecular Drug Release during Medical Treatment: A Polyelectrolyte Matrix on a Piezoelectric–Dielectric Energy Conversion Substrate
Authors: Zhang Yi , An Qi , Tong Wangshu , Li Haitao , Ma Zequn , Zhou Yan , Huang Tao , Zhang Yihe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEnhanced drug releases in a timely manner during urgent medical treatments would significantly enhance the prognosis of patients. Inspired by the facilitated molecular transports by the potentials, an enhanced drug release strategy driven by mechanical disturbances that widely exist in medical treatment processes is proposed. This strategy is enabled by a functional material comprised of multilayers of dendrimers as the drug reservoir, which are built on a piezoelectric–dielectric flexible film with reduced graphene oxide fillers. The generated voltages are higher and last longer than that in regular piezoelectric films. Photochemical crosslinking leads to a stable drug matrix which is even sustained in electric fields and high ionic strengths. The device enhances releases of positively, negatively, and zwitterionically charged molecules in response to mechanical stimuli and supports high cell viabilities. An illustrative application is demonstrated by preparing the material on the surface of a gastric lavage tube. The results show that the release of antiemetic drug increased by 200% within 60 min in response to forces mimicking human swallowing. This study contributes an integrative material that can realize electrically triggered releases that are previously only realized using complicated electrochemical setups. It is believed that this material can facilitate medicine applications in various emergent situations.
Fostering Autonomous Motivation and Early Literacy Skills
Authors: Erickson Joy Dangora , Wharton‐McDonald Ruth 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe authors emphasize the importance of cultivating autonomous motivation for literacy in early childhood by supporting students’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness while building foundational skills. Additionally, the authors highlight four key findings specific to early childhood (pre‐K–2) literacy development: the power of teaching letters and associated phonemes in tandem, the impact of oral language on comprehension, the role of print concepts in learning to read, and the influence of early writing on reading. Sample activities, adapted from preexisting promising practices to incorporate opportunities for addressing students’ basic psychological needs, accompany each finding. Finally, the authors make a sincere appeal for additional research, including educator action research specific to early childhood literacy motivation.
Testing the Enemy Release Hypothesis on tall-statured grasses in South Africa, using Arundo donax, Phragmites australis, and Phragmites mauritianus as models
Authors: Canavan K. , Paterson I.D. , Hill M.P. , Dudley T.L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) predicts that introduced plant species can escape herbivory and therefore have a competitive advantage over native plants, which are exposed to both generalist and specialist natural enemies. In this study, the ERH was explored using the invasive alien species, Arundo donax and two native tall-statured grasses, the cosmopolitan Phragmites australis and African endemic Phragmites mauritianus in South Africa. It was predicted that A. donax would have reduced species richness of herbivores compared with the native Phragmites spp., that it would be devoid of specialist herbivores and would thus be experiencing enemy escape in the adventive range. The herbivore assemblages were determined from both field surveys and a literature review. The assumptions of the ERH were for the most part not met; 13 herbivores were found on A. donax compared with 17 on P. australis and 20 on P. mauritianus. Arundo donax had two specialist herbivores from its native range, and shared native herbivores with Phragmites spp. Although A. donax had reduced species richness and diversity compared with that found in the native distribution, it has partially re-acquired a herbivore assemblage which is similar to that found on analogous native species. This suggests that enemy release may not fully explain the invasive success of A. donax in South Africa.
Description of a new species of rhinebothriidean tapeworm from the skate Dipturus batis in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Benmeslem K. , Randhawa H.S. , Tazerouti F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExamination of rajid skates off the Algerian coast in the Mediterranean Sea revealed that three of the 33Dipturus batisLinnaeus, 1758 examined harboured a new tapeworm species:Echeneibothrium algeriensisn. sp. This new species, collected from the anterior half of the spiral valves, is described on the basis of morphological data from light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species differs from previously describedEcheneibothriumspecies by details of the scolex and loculi, total length, the length of the myzorhynchus, the number of proglottides, and the number of testes. Comparison of the diets of the ten skate species common in the Mediterranean basin indicates some varying degree of overlap, suggesting that host specificity in this host–parasite system is determined by other host and/or ecological variables such as adaptations of the parasites to their respective hosts, either on the morpho-anatomical level, in physiological characteristics of the parasite's habitat, in the trophic requirements for the successful transmission of the parasite, or in adaptations to the behavioural characteristics of the host. Furthermore, restricted overlap ofE. algeriensisn. sp. with congeners in parasite assemblages ofD. batisindicates some structuring according to attachment-site preferences. However, attachment-site preferences are not explained solely by morphological compatibility between bothridia and villi. This study reiterates the need to examine multiple factors synergistically in studies on host specificity of parasites, and the need to examine the parasite fauna of hosts across their entire geographical range in order to truly appreciate the biodiversity they harbour.