bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Rationality of Cyclic Covers of Projective Spaces
Authors: Okada Takuzo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to show that a cyclic cover of ℙn branched along a very general divisor of degree d is not stably rational, provided that n ≥ 3 and d ≥ n + 1. This generalizes the result of Colliot-Thélène and Pirutka. Generalizations for cyclic covers over complete intersections and applications to suitable Fano manifolds are also discussed.
Chinese Asianism in the Early Republic: Guomindang intellectuals and the brief internationalist turn
Authors: SMITH CRAIG A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUntil recent decades, historians of modern East Asia generally considered Asianism to be an imperialistic ideology of militant Japan. Although Japanese expansionists certainly used the term and its concept in this way in the 1930s and 1940s, earlier proponents of Asianism looked upon it as a very real strategy of uniting Asian nations to defend against Western imperialism. Showing that Chinese intellectuals considered different forms of Asianism as viable alternatives in the early days of the Republic of China, this article examines a number of discussions of Asianism immediately following the 1911 Revolution. Concentrating on newspaper articles and speeches by intellectuals Ye Chucang and Sun Yat-sen, I show the international aspirations of the Guomindang elite at this crucial point in the construction of the Chinese nation. Despite the dominance of discourse on the nation state, these intellectuals advocated different Asianist programmes for strategic purposes within the first two years of the Republic, dependent on their very different relationships with Japan.
The syntactic and semantic features of two-year-olds’ verb vocabularies: a comparison of typically developing children and late talkers
Authors: HORVATH Sabrina , RESCORLA Leslie , ARUNACHALAM Sudha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChildren with language disorders have particular difficulty with verbs, but when this difficulty emerges is unknown. We examined syntactic (transitive, intransitive, ditransitive) and semantic (manner, result) features of two-year-olds’ verb vocabularies, contrasting late talkers and typically developing children to look for early differences in verb vocabulary. We conducted a retrospective analysis of parent-reported expressive vocabulary from the Language Development Survey (N = 564, N(LT) = 62) (Rescorla, 1989). Verbs were coded for the presence or absence of each syntactic and semantic feature. Binomial mixed-effects regressions revealed the effect of feature on children's knowledge and whether feature interacted with group classification. Our results revealed mostly similarities between late talkers and typically developing children. All children's vocabularies showed a bias against verbs that occur in ditransitive frames. One feature showed a difference between groups: late talkers showed a bias against manner verbs that typically developing children did not.
Vocal production and novel word learning in the first year
Authors: MAJORANO Marinella , BASTIANELLO Tamara , MORELLI Marika , LAVELLI Manuela , VIHMAN Marilyn M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated an effect of early vocal production on infants’ speech processing and later vocabulary. This study focuses on the relationship between vocal production and new word learning. Thirty monolingual Italian-learning infants were recorded at about 11 months, to establish the extent of their consonant production. In parallel, the infants were trained on novel word–object pairs, two consisting of early learned consonants (ELC), two consisting of late learned consonants (LLC). Word learning was assessed through Preferential Looking. The results suggest that vocal production supports word learning: Only children with higher, consistent consonant production attended more to the trained ELC images.
‘That just breaks my heart’: Moral Concerns of Direct Care Workers Providing Palliative Care in LTC Homes
Authors: Wiersma Elaine , Marcella Jill , McAnulty Jessica , Kelley Mary Lou 
Published: January 2019

RÉSUMÉLes publications traitant de l’éthique dans les soins de santé et des préoccupations morales des prestataires de soins sont le plus souvent centrées sur les professionnels de la santé et les dilemmes éthiques associés aux soins aigus et aux soins de santé de première ligne. Peu d’attention a été portée aux environnements de soins de longue durée (SLD) et au personnel non réglementé offrant des soins directs. Afin de combler cette lacune, cette recherche a examiné les préoccupations morales des préposés aux services de soutien à la personne qui apportent des soins directs aux résidents. Les données ont été recueillies dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche-action participative de cinq ans visant à formaliser les programmes de soins palliatifs dans les centres de SLD. Onze groupes de discussion se sont penchés sur les expériences des préposés fournissant des soins palliatifs dans les centres de SLD, leurs défis et leurs besoins de formation (n=45). Une analyse secondaire approfondie des préoccupations morales ressenties par ces préposés a été réalisée. L’identité des préposés a été marquée par la construction de relations étroites avec les résidents, à tel point qu’ils se décrivent souvent comme des membres de leur famille élargie. Les dilemmes moraux des préposés concernent principalement deux aspects : éviter que les résidents ne meurent pas dans la solitude et la prestation de soins adéquats et respectueux des volontés du résident. Les contraintes organisationnelles s’articulaient autour de quatre domaines spécifiques : les politiques, la hiérarchie, le temps et l’équilibre entre les besoins des résidents. Les préposés ont réagi de deux manières à leur détresse morale : par la négociation des contraintes ou par l’acceptation des contraintes. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance d’explorer davantage ces concepts chez le personnel de soins directs dans les centres de SLD.
Global View of Current Sheet Thinning: Plasma Pressure Gradients and Large‐Scale Currents
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. , Petrukovich A. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe formation of a thin magnetotail current sheet is a key process in magnetic energy accumulation before magnetic reconnection during substorms. Although the 3‐D configuration of a thinning current sheet has been well reproduced in many numerical simulations, observational details of this configuration have been less thoroughly studied. To investigate the global and local 3‐D structure of a thinning current sheet, we use a data set collected by three spacecraft of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission, two spacecraft of the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun mission, and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15. We demonstrate that near‐Earth current sheet thinning is accompanied by the formation of equatorial plasma pressure gradients directed from the flanks toward midnight. These gradients are associated with an intensification of the dawn‐dusk current (during current sheet thinning) and field‐aligned currents of opposite polarity at the dawn and dusk flanks. Simultaneous Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms and Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun observations show that current sheet thinning occupies a large portion of the tail, from the near‐Earth region to lunar orbit. An increase in the equatorial plasma pressure (and the lobe magnetic field pressure) is provided by a cold plasma density increase in the near‐Earth tail and likely by a plasma temperature increase in the distant tail. We discuss plasma convection patterns that are consistent with observed properties of the current sheet thinning.
Flux Tube Entropy and Specific Entropy in Saturn's Magnetosphere
Authors: Ma Xuanye , Delamere Peter A. , Thomsen Michelle F. , Otto Antonius , Neupane Bishwa , Burkholder Brandon , Nykyri Katariina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe motivation of this paper is to discuss the dynamical processes in Saturn's magnetosphere from the plasma entropy perspective. Saturn's magnetosphere is stabilized by a radially increasing profile of flux tube entropy and destabilized by a radially decreasing profile of flux tube content. The traditional radial transport scenario suggested that the magnetic flux with heavy flux tube content moves from the inner magnetosphere to the outer magnetosphere, stretching the magnetic field into a magnetodisc configuration. Subsequently, magnetic flux with low flux tube entropy generated by magnetodisc reconnection circulates back to the inner magnetosphere. However, the low‐specific entropy plasma with a narrow distribution in Saturn's inner magnetosphere suggests a significant nonadiabatic cooling process during the inward motion. The flux tube entropy analysis suggests that energetic particles dominate the total flux tube entropy in the magnetodisc region, and newly closed field lines generated by magnetodisc reconnection are likely to be transported into the inner magnetosphere. Based on the flux tube entropy constraint, this study demonstrates that the radial transport process in Saturn's magnetosphere can also be achieved via middle‐latitude double reconnection, driven by a low‐latitude interchange instability. This process does not involve significant latitudinal convection of magnetic flux in the ionosphere nor does it significantly modify the radial flux tube entropy profile.
Correlation Between Graben Orientation, Channel Direction Change, and Tectonic Loading: The Elysium Province, Mars
Authors: Kneller B. D. , Roberts G. P. , Grindrod P. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the links between regional stress fields, the volcanic centers, rifts, graben, and channels in the NW region of the Elysium Province (Figures a and b) to determine whether the sequence of stress events occurring during province development can be derived from the morphologies of these features, and thus provide a sequence of development events, which is independent of surface dating techniques. Rift and graben geomorphology was mapped, and the neighboring relationships and orientation of individual graben were assessed to determine any spatial clustering or preferred orientation with regional or surface features capable of creating lithospheric flexure or tectonic stress within the study area. Crosscutting analysis determined a time ordered sequence of graben formation and these were related to volcanic centers or regional sources of stress. In addition, mapping showed that different channels share sections with similar shape and orientation, prompting our study of whether these channels, in tandem with the graben, were tectonically influenced during their development. The channel central axes were mapped and compared to identify common sequences of channel direction change. The time sequence of channel direction changes and the time‐ordered sequence of graben development were then compared. We have demonstrated a correlation between rift and graben direction with channel orientation suggesting a regional stress control from evolving volcanic centers. Overall we derive, for the first time, the temporal pattern of tectonic, volcanic, and channel evolution for the northwestern region of this major magmatic province on Mars.
A Variational Method for Sea Ice Ridging in Earth System Models
Authors: Roberts Andrew F. , Hunke Elizabeth C. , Kamal Samy M. , Lipscomb William H. , Horvat Christopher , Maslowski Wieslaw 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe have derived an analytic form of the thickness redistribution function, Ψ, and compressive strength of sea ice using variational principles. By using the technique of coarse‐graining vertical sea ice deformation, or ridging, in the momentum equation of the pack, we isolate frictional energy loss from potential energy gain in the collision of floes. The method accounts for macroporosity of ridge rubble, ϕR, and by including this in the state space of the pack, we expand the sea ice thickness distribution, g(h), to a bivariate distribution, g(h,ϕR). The effect of macroporosity is for the first time included in the large‐scale mass conservation and momentum equations of frozen oceans. We make assumptions that have simplified the problem, such as treating sea ice as a granular material in ridges, and assuming that bending moments associated with ridging are perturbations around an isostatic state. Regardless of these simplifications, the coarse‐grained ridge model is highly predictive of macroporosity and ridge shape. By ensuring that vertical sea ice deformation observes a variational principle both at the scale of individual ridges and over the pack as a whole, we can predict distributions of ridge shapes using equations that can be solved in Earth system models. Our method also offers the possibility of more accurate derivations of sea ice thickness from ice freeboard measured by space‐borne altimeters over polar oceans.
Optimization of the Eddy‐Diffusivity/Mass‐Flux Shallow Cumulus and Boundary‐Layer Parameterization Using Surrogate Models
Authors: Langhans W. , Mueller J. , Collins W. D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhysical parameterizations in global atmospheric and ocean models typically include free parameters that are not theoretically or empirically constrained. New methods are required to determine the optimal parameter combinations for such models in an objective, exhaustive, yet computationally feasible manner. Here we propose to apply computationally inexpensive radial basis function (RBF) surrogate models to minimize a “cost,” or error, function of an atmospheric model or a physical parameterization. The RBF is iteratively updated as more input‐output pairs are obtained during the optimization. The approach is used to optimize the eddy‐diffusivity/mass‐flux boundary‐layer parameterization of the convective boundary‐layer in a single‐column model framework. The optimization based on surrogate models is able to identify parameter combinations that reduce the error of the untuned default setting by 41%. The probability to detect a low‐error solution increases rapidly especially over the first tens of single‐column model evaluations. In comparison, a quadratic polynomial model only yields an error reduction of 17% since (a) high‐order parameter interactions are not accounted for and (b) the construction of the polynomial is not based on an iterative sampling approach. The RBF surrogate models achieve this 17% error reduction for 40% of the polynomial model's cost. Interestingly, one of the emerging optimal settings describes a pure mass flux parameterization without eddy‐diffusivity component. A second optimal solution is characterized by a plume fractional area of 20–30% and an eddy‐mixing time scale of ∼700 s.
Introduction to “Orogenic Cycles: From Field Observations to Global Geodynamics”
Authors: Toy Virginia , Manatschal Gianreto , Rosenbaum Gideon , Miller Meghan , Carosi Rodolfo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis Special Section of Tectonics, entitled “Orogenic Cycles: From Field Observations to Global Geodynamics,” has been compiled in commemoration of our friend and colleague Dr. Marco Beltrando, who tragically passed away in a mountain accident on 8 December 2015.
Author Correction: Characterization of Nigerian breast cancer reveals prevalent homologous recombination deficiency and aggressive molecular features
Authors: Pitt Jason J. , Riester Markus , Zheng Yonglan , Yoshimatsu Toshio F. , Sanni Ayodele , Oluwasola Olayiwola , Veloso Artur , Labrot Emma , Wang Shengfeng , Odetunde Abayomi , Ademola Adeyinka , Okedere Babajide , Mahan Scott , Leary Rebecca , Macomber Maura , Ajani Mustapha , Johnson Ryan S. , Fitzgerald Dominic , Grundstad A. Jason , Tuteja Jigyasa H. , Khramtsova Galina , Zhang Jing , Sveen Elisabeth , Hwang Bryce , Clayton Wendy , Nkwodimmah Chibuzor , Famooto Bisola , Obasi Esther , Aderoju Victor , Oludara Mobolaji , Omodele Folusho , Akinyele Odunayo , Adeoye Adewunmi , Ogundiran Temidayo , Babalola Chinedum , MacIsaac Kenzie , Popoola Abiodun , Morrissey Michael P. , Chen Lin S. , Wang Jiebiao , Olopade Christopher O. , Falusi Adeyinka G. , Winckler Wendy , Haase Kerstin , Van Loo Peter , Obafunwa John , Papoutsakis Dimitris , Ojengbede Oladosu , Weber Barbara , Ibrahim Nasiru , White Kevin P. , Huo Dezheng , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Barretina Jordi 
Published: January 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Kevin P. White with Tempus Labs, Inc. Chicago, IL, USA was inadvertently omitted. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
A minimal biochemical route towards de novo formation of synthetic phospholipid membranes
Authors: Bhattacharya Ahanjit , Brea Roberto J. , Niederholtmeyer Henrike , Devaraj Neal K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAll living cells consist of membrane compartments, which are mainly composed of phospholipids. Phospholipid synthesis is catalyzed by membrane-bound enzymes, which themselves require pre-existing membranes for function. Thus, the principle of membrane continuity creates a paradox when considering how the first biochemical membrane-synthesis machinery arose and has hampered efforts to develop simplified pathways for membrane generation in synthetic cells. Here, we develop a high-yielding strategy for de novo formation and growth of phospholipid membranes by repurposing a soluble enzyme FadD10 to form fatty acyl adenylates that react with amine-functionalized lysolipids to form phospholipids. Continuous supply of fresh precursors needed for lipid synthesis enables the growth of vesicles encapsulating FadD10. Using a minimal transcription/translation system, phospholipid vesicles are generated de novo in the presence of DNA encoding FadD10. Our findings suggest that alternate chemistries can produce and maintain synthetic phospholipid membranes and provides a strategy for generating membrane-based materials.
tACS motor system effects can be caused by transcutaneous stimulation of peripheral nerves
Authors: Asamoah Boateng , Khatoun Ahmad , Mc Laughlin Myles 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method which has been shown to modulate hearing, motor, cognitive and memory function. However, the mechanisms underpinning these findings are controversial, as studies show that the current reaching the cortex may not be strong enough to entrain neural activity. Here, we propose a new hypothesis to reconcile these opposing results: tACS effects are caused by transcutaneous stimulation of peripheral nerves in the skin and not transcranial stimulation of cortical neurons. Rhythmic activity from peripheral nerves then entrains cortical neurons. A series of experiments in rats and humans isolated the transcranial and transcutaneous mechanisms and showed that the reported effects of tACS on the motor system can be caused by transcutaneous stimulation of peripheral nerves. Whether or not the transcutaneous mechanism will generalize to tACS effects on other systems is debatable but should be investigated.
Discovery of TaFeSb-based half-Heuslers with high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Zhu Hangtian , Mao Jun , Li Yuwei , Sun Jifeng , Wang Yumei , Zhu Qing , Li Guannan , Song Qichen , Zhou Jiawei , Fu Yuhao , He Ran , Tong Tian , Liu Zihang , Ren Wuyang , You Li , Wang Zhiming , Luo Jun , Sotnikov Andrei , Bao Jiming , Nielsch Kornelius , Chen Gang , Singh David J. , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDiscovery of thermoelectric materials has long been realized by the Edisonian trial and error approach. However, recent progress in theoretical calculations, including the ability to predict structures of unknown phases along with their thermodynamic stability and functional properties, has enabled the so-called inverse design approach. Compared to the traditional materials discovery, the inverse design approach has the potential to substantially reduce the experimental efforts needed to identify promising compounds with target functionalities. By adopting this approach, here we have discovered several unreported half-Heusler compounds. Among them, the p-type TaFeSb-based half-Heusler demonstrates a record high ZT of ~1.52 at 973 K. Additionally, an ultrahigh average ZT of ~0.93 between 300 and 973 K is achieved. Such an extraordinary thermoelectric performance is further verified by the heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency measurement and a high efficiency of ~11.4% is obtained. Our work demonstrates that the TaFeSb-based half-Heuslers are highly promising for thermoelectric power generation.
Use of trifluoroacetaldehyde N-tfsylhydrazone as a trifluorodiazoethane surrogate and its synthetic applications
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Liu Zhaohong , Yang Xiangyu , Dong Yuanqing , Virelli Matteo , Zanoni Giuseppe , Anderson Edward A. , Bi Xihe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrifluorodiazoethane (CF3CHN2), a highly reactive fluoroalkylating reagent, offers a useful means to introduce trifluoromethyl groups into organic molecules. At present, CF3CHN2 can only be generated by oxidation of trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride under acidic conditions; due to its toxic and explosive nature, its safe generation and use remains a prominent concern, hampering wider synthetic exploitation. Here we report the development of trifluoroacetaldehyde N-tfsylhydrazone (TFHZ-Tfs) as a CF3CHN2 surrogate, which is capable of generating CF3CHN2 in situ under basic conditions. The reaction conditions employed in this chemistry enabled a difluoroalkenylation of X–H bonds (X = N, O, S, Se), affording a wide range of heteroatom-substituted gem-difluoroalkenes, along with Doyle-Kirmse rearrangements and trifluoromethylcyclopropanation reactions, with superior outcomes to approaches using pre-formed CF3CHN2. Given the importance of generally applicable fluorination methodologies, the use of TFHZ-Tfs thus creates opportunities across organic and medicinal chemistry, by enabling the wider exploration of the reactivity of trifluorodiazoethane.
Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics of the 2017 extreme coastal El Niño
Authors: Peng Qihua , Xie Shang-Ping , Wang Dongxiao , Zheng Xiao-Tong , Zhang Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn March 2017, sea surface temperatures off Peru rose above 28 °C, causing torrential rains that affected the lives of millions of people. This coastal warming is highly unusual in that it took place with a weak La Niña state. Observations and ocean model experiments show that the downwelling Kelvin waves caused by strong westerly wind events over the equatorial Pacific, together with anomalous northerly coastal winds, are important. Atmospheric model experiments further show the anomalous coastal winds are forced by the coastal warming. Taken together, these results indicate a positive feedback off Peru between the coastal warming, atmospheric deep convection, and the coastal winds. These coupled processes provide predictability. Indeed, initialized on as early as 1 February 2017, seasonal prediction models captured the extreme rainfall event. Climate model projections indicate that the frequency of extreme coastal El Niño will increase under global warming.