bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality Traits Predict Meeting the WHO Recommendation of 6 Months' Breastfeeding
Authors: Verbeek Tjitte , Quittner Loes , de Cock Paul , de Groot Nynke , Bockting Claudi L. H. , Burger Huibert 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Although personality as well as anxiety and depression are recognized as predictors for breastfeeding initiation, evidence of an association of these factors with 6 months' exclusive breastfeeding as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is sparse.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of personality and symptoms of anxiety and depression during and after pregnancy with meeting the WHO recommendation of 6 months' exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods:
In their first trimester of pregnancy, 5784 pregnant women were enrolled in Dutch primary obstetric care centers and hospitals, of which 2927 completed the breastfeeding assessments 6 months postpartum. We performed logistic regression analyses to test the associations of “big five” personality traits (NEO Five Factor Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) symptom levels during pregnancy and postpartum with meeting the WHO recommendation of 6 months' exclusive breastfeeding.

Results:
Agreeableness (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, P = .006) and openness (OR = 1.31, P < .001) were positively associated with meeting the WHO recommendation, whereas extraversion (OR = 0.83, P = .005) and neuroticism (OR = 1.18, P = .006) were negatively associated. After adjustment for both antenatal and postpartum symptom levels of anxiety and depression, the associations of the agreeableness, extraversion, and openness personality traits remained strong and statistically significant (P < .05).

Implications for Practice:
Patient-centered care should take personality into account in an effort to tailor interventions to optimize breastfeeding behavior.

Implications for Research:
In contrast to earlier findings, personality traits may be of greater importance than symptoms of anxiety and depression for meeting the WHO recommendation of 6 months' exclusive breastfeeding.
A Pilot Study of Mothers' Breastfeeding Experiences in Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Kaye Alison , Cattaneo Carol , Huff Helen M. , Staggs Vincent S. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Despite the recognized importance of human milk (HM) use, breastfeeding is often discouraged for infants with cleft lip and/or palate because of their anatomical abnormalities. Poor weight gain may require formula for calorie supplementation. Stresses associated with caring for infants with cleft lip/palate may decrease rates of HM provision to these infants.

Purpose:
This study investigates the experiences of mothers of infants with cleft lip/palate (CL/P) to determine choices and factors associated with providing HM to their infants.

Methods:
A retrospective telephone survey was administered to a cohort of mothers of infants with CL/P.

Results:
Fifty mothers agreed to participate in the survey. Most (78%) initiated use of HM for a median duration of 4 months, 32% provided HM for 6 months or more, and 79% exclusively expressed their HM. Poor supply was the most frequent challenge to providing HM and led to cessation in 46% of the mothers. Formula was used to supplement for poor supply or poor infant weight gain in 90% of the mothers. The best predictors of a mother's use of HM were child not in day care, genetic diagnosis, and gestational age at birth. Only 36% of mothers reported individual encouragement to provide HM, and 18% reported they were specifically discouraged from providing HM for their infants.

Implications for Practice:
Although initiation rates were high, there are opportunities to improve support for mothers to increase duration of HM provision in children with CL/P.

Implications for Research:
This study establishes a baseline for future prospective studies looking at the impact of active encouragement and provision of lactation support within the cleft team setting.
Complications in Brow Lifts: A Systemic Review of Surgical and Nonsurgical Brow Rejuvenations
Authors: Cho Min-Jeong , Carboy Jourdan A. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Brow lift has been a part of plastic surgeons’ armamentarium for over a century. Although there are multiple different techniques available, there has been a dearth of literature comparing which technique is better and has lesser complications. In this study, we performed a systemic literature review of all brow lift techniques to determine and compare complication rates of each technique.

Methods:
We performed a computerized search of brow rejuvenation techniques using the MEDLINE database. Data regarding the type of brow lift procedure, number of patients, and complications were collected.

Results:
The systematic review was performed in December of 2017. A total of 326 articles were identified initially, and 76 studies remained after final review. The review showed highest revision rate in the hairline brow lift (7.4%), highest numbness rate in the direct brow lift (5.5%), highest asymmetry rate in the temporal/lateral brow lift (1.5%), and highest alopecia rate in the endoscopic brow lift (2.8%). In addition, we found 5 studies in nonsurgical brow rejuvenation (3 botulinum toxin, 1 fat injection, 1 radiofrequency).

Conclusion:
Our study shows that each brow technique has a different complication profile, and it is important for plastic surgeons to understand the difference. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the lack of randomized prospective outcome studies and standardization of outcome measures in brow rejuvenation. We believe this information would be the key and next frontier in providing technically safe and long-lasting aesthetic outcomes for the patients.
Facial Soft-tissue Mobility: Baseline Dynamics of Patients with Unilateral Facial Paralysis
Authors: Trotman Carroll Ann , Faraway Julian , Hadlock Tessa , Banks Caroline , Jowett Nathan , Jung Hyung Jae 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The aims of this observational study were 2-fold: (1) To demonstrate a method and measures to quantify impaired facial soft-tissue movements in patients with facial paralysis; and (2) To quantify the differences in magnitude and velocity of facial soft-tissue movements between patients with facial paralysis and control participants.

Methods:
The study sample that addressed both aims consisted of 20 adults with acute, unilateral, flaccid facial paralysis who presented at the onset of their paralysis, and a control group of 20 healthy adults. Dynamic 3D facial movement data were collected from each participant during 11 facial animations. To compare the movements between the patients and control participants, dynamic modeling comparisons of mean facial movements were computed as well as plots of movement vectors for each animation, in addition, measures of maximum displacement, movement velocity, and asymmetry were computed.

Results:
Dynamic 3D modeling of critical facial landmarks provided precise profiles of zone-specific asymmetries and customized reporting that highlighted areas of importance for individual patients. The dynamic 3D movement data confirmed that the nonparalyzed side of patients’ faces had abnormal directional movements. As expected, the controls had significantly higher excursive facial movements during all animations except during gentle eye closure, which was greater for the patients and the controls had significantly greater movement velocity than the patients. The patients had significantly greater asymmetry for all the animations, and the hierarchy of the asymmetry was such that maximum smile > lip purse > grimace > cheek puff.

Conclusion:
Dynamic 3D modeling appeared to be an effective tool to provide precise profiles of zone-specific asymmetries and customized reports for patients with facial paralysis.
Patterns of splenic arterial enhancement on computed tomography are related to changes in portal venous pressure
Authors: McCormick P. Aiden , Malone Dermot E. , Docherty James R. , Kiat Clifford , Christopher Brian T. , Chin Jun Liong 
Published: October 2018

Objectives
One of the striking features of splenic imaging is variable heterogeneous gyriform arterial enhancement on dynamic computed tomography (CT). We speculated that these patterns of arterial enhancement may reflect changes in splenic micro-circulation related to changes in portal venous pressure.

Patients and methods
To test this hypothesis, we evaluated arterial phase CT scans performed before and after liver transplantation (n=91), as this is the most effective way of alleviating portal hypertension. We developed novel grading systems to assess heterogeneity. Two control groups were used: patients with cirrhosis undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (n=28) and patients with cirrhosis on the liver transplant waiting list who had repeated CT scans (n=28).

Results
Splenic arterial heterogeneity increased in 55% of transplant patients compared with 14% in the TACE patients and 4% in the waiting list patients (P<0.0001). Mean Hounsfield units in areas of splenic enhancement were 71.7±2 before transplant and 90.1±2.5 after transplant (P<0.01). In contrast, there were no significant changes following TACE (86.3±4.2 vs. 83.5±4.5; P=NS) or in waiting list patients (80.9±4.6 vs. 73.8±3.7; P=NS).

Conclusion
We have shown the heterogeneous gyriform enhancement patterns significantly increase following liver transplantation but not after TACE or in waiting list patients. We suggest that these changes are due to the reduction in portal venous pressure and likely reflect changes in splenic micro-circulation. These changes may be important in the pathophysiology of hypersplenism.
Accelerating the Drug Delivery Pipeline for Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Forsmark Christopher E. , Andersen Dana K. , Farrar John T. , Golden Megan , Habtezion Aida , Husain Sohail Z. , Li Liang , Mayerle Julia , Pandol Stephen J. , Uc Aliye , Zhu Zixi , Yadav Dhiraj 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The lack of effective therapeutic agents specifically tailored for chronic pancreatitis (CP) has hampered clinical care and negatively impacted patients' lives. New mechanistic insights now point to novel therapies, which involve both recently developed and/or repurposed agents. This working group focused on 2 main outcomes for CP: pain and progression of disease. The goal is to frame the essential aspects of trial design including patient-centered outcomes, proposed methods to measure the outcomes of pain and progression, and study design considerations for future trials to facilitate rapid drug development for patients with CP.
Wide-Awake Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon Reconstruction with Evaluation of the Active Voluntary Contraction of the Ruptured Muscle-Tendon
Authors: Zukawa Mineyuki , Osada Ryusuke , Makino Hiroto , Kimura Tomoatsu 
Published: October 2018

Summary:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome of the wide-awake tendon reconstruction for chronic rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon with evaluation of the voluntary active contraction distance of the ruptured musculotendinous unit. Eleven consecutive patients underwent tendon reconstruction under wide-awake surgery. If the total of the passive distraction distance and the active contraction distance of the ruptured flexor pollicis longus musculotendinous unit was greater than 30 mm, tendon grafting was performed. If not, tendon transfer was performed using the fourth flexor digitorum superficialis. Patients were evaluated with total active motion before surgery, during surgery, and in final follow-up and subjectively surveyed with quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores. The final outcomes of tendon grafting and of tendon transfer were compared. Tendon grafting was performed in four patients, and tendon transfer was performed in seven patients. The final follow-up total active motion was 84.3 ± 12.7 percent in the tendon transfer group and 80.7 ± 10.2 percent in the tendon grafting group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the final follow-up total active motion percentage and quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores. The functional outcomes of both tendon grafting and tendon transfer were acceptable based on evaluating the active contraction distance and passive distraction distance of the ruptured musculotendinous unit during wide-awake surgery. Evaluating these distances may be a useful index to assess the ruptured musculotendinous unit. The greatest advantage of the wide-awake tendon reconstruction is that surgeons can evaluate the ruptured musculotendinous unit and measure total active motion during surgery while adjusting suture tension.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
18F-FDG Uptake in Subcutaneous Fat Preceding Clinical Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Lipodystrophy
Authors: Caton Michael T. , Miskin Nityanand , Hyun Hyewon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 62-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on long-standing highly active antiretroviral therapy presented for 18F-FDG PET/CT evaluation of a pulmonary nodule. The examination showed unusual radiotracer distribution accumulating in the subcutaneous and visceral fat with low cerebral and skeletal muscle uptake. Imaging features were consistent with HIV-associated lipodystrophy, an unsuspected diagnosis that was later confirmed on physical examination. Recognition of HIV-associated lipodystrophy by the nuclear medicine physician is critical as altered biodistribution may affect diagnostic yield or be mistaken for infectious pathology.
ACR–ACNM Practice Parameter for the Performance of Fluorine-18 Fluciclovine-PET/CT for Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Savir-Baruch Bital , Banks Kevin P. , McConathy Jonathan E. , Molchanova-Cook Olga P. , Parent Ephraim E. , Takalkar Amol , Tulchinsky Mark , Yu Jian Q. , Subramaniam Rathan M. , Schuster David M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The American College of Radiology (ACR) and American College of Nuclear Medicine (ACNM) collaborated to develop a clinical practice document for the performance of fluciclovine positron-emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of patients with suspected prostate cancer recurrence based on the elevation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (biochemical recurrence) after prior therapy. Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Up to 50% of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer will develop biochemical failure after initial therapy. The differentiation of local from extraprostatic recurrence plays a critical role in patient management. The use of functional imaging targeting features of cancer metabolism has proven highly useful in this regard. Amino acid transport is upregulated in prostate cancer. Fluciclovine (anti-1-amino-3-F-18-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid, FACBC, Axumin™) is an artificial amino acid PET tracer which demonstrates utility in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer with significant added value to conventional imaging.
18F-FDG, 68Ga-DOTATATE and 68Ga-PSMA Positive Metastatic Large Cell Neuroendocrine Prostate Tumor
Authors: Acar Emine , Kaya Gamze Çapa 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Prostate large cell neuroendocrine tumor is a rare disease. In this case, metastatic areas showing FDG uptake, somatostatin receptor positivity, and PSMA expression are shown in 18F-FDG PET/CT, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a 70-year-old man with the diagnosis of prostate large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Detection of Hepatic Encephalopathy on 18F-FDG PET/CT Brain Images in a Patient With Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Vankadari Kousik , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Kumar Rajender , Singh Harmandeep , Bhattacharya Anish , Dhiman Radha Krishan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present a case of decompensated liver cirrhosis with ascites, which had history of asterixis, impaired balance with swaying gait along with mild irritability since 1 month. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (FDG-PET/CT) performed to rule out malignancy did not reveal any abnormal FDG avid lesion suspicious for malignancy but showed hypermetabolism in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus with reduced metabolism in cerebral cortices and cerebellum, suggesting hepatic encephalopathy.
Modified Combined Fascia Sheath and Levator Muscle Complex Suspension With Müller Muscle Preservation on Treating Severe Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Xing Yue , Wang Xi , Cao Yuan , Ding Xia , Lin Ming , Li Jin , Fan Xianqun 
Published: October 2018

Background
This study aims to evaluate the effect of a modified approach on severe congenital ptosis treatment.

Methods
Through anterior approach, Müller muscle was preserved, meanwhile the upper tarsus was suspended to combined fascia sheath (CFS) and levator muscle (LM) complex. The main outcome measures included marginal reflex distance1 (MRD1), palpebral fissure height (PFH), MRD1 regression, MRD1 improvement, and patient self-satisfaction.

Results
There were 70 patients (90 eyelids) with severe congenital ptosis received treatment of modified operation, including 20 bilateral and 50 unilateral ptosis. The average LF was 2.53 ± 1.06 mm. The preoperative MRD1 and PFH was −0.06 ± 0.76 mm and 4.25 ± 0.85 mm, respectively. The follow-up was at least 6 months with average of 12.67 ± 4.92 months. The immediate postoperative MRD1 and PFH average was 4.52 ± 0.39 mm and 9.24 ± 0.26, respectively. The last follow-up MRD1 and PFH average was 2.43 ± 0.57 mm and 7.16 ± 0.69 mm, respectively, which was improved significantly (P < 0.01). There were variety degrees of MRD1 regression especially in the first month after operation, and the last follow-up MRD1 regression was 2.09 ± 0.67 mm. The lagophthalmos was obvious immediately after operation and regularly released after 6 months. Objective curative effect assessment showed 78 (86.7%) satisfactory eyes, 4 (4.4%) improved eyes, and 8 (8.9%) noneffective eyes. Two noneffective eyes required reoperation of frontalis suspension. Self-satisfaction rate was 93.3%. Parameters analysis showed that LF had positive correlation with last follow-up MRD1 and negative correlation with MRD1 improvement (P < 0.01). Five eyes had levator shorten history, which was associated remarkably with CFS + LM curative effect (P < 0.01). Mean swelling time was 0.53 ± 0.41 months, and no complications were observed until the last visit.

Conclusions
This modified method gives powerful correction and vivid eyelid contour, featured with simple surgical procedures, few complications, and satisfactory effect, which is worth to wide application.
Outcome of Pedicled Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap in the Surgical Treatment of Stage II and III Hidradenitis Suppurativa of Axilla
Authors: Elgohary Hussein , Nawar Ahmed M. , Zidan Ahmed , Shoulah Ahmed A. , Younes Mohamed T. , Hamed Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting the apocrine glands of the axillary, groin, and mammary regions with significant physical and psychosocial sequelae. Surgical excision of the affected tissue is the criterion standard treatment. Advanced cases of axillary HS are associated with high rates of recurrence and require extensive surgical resection with challenging reconstruction associated with risk of postoperative complications. The most effective method for reconstruction of the axilla after excision of HS is yet to be identified.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of the use of pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap as a method of reconstruction for axillary efect result from wide surgical excision as a line of treatment for stage II and III HS of the axilla.

Patient and Methods
The study included 20 patients with stage II and III (Hurley staging system) HS of the axilla, 18 male and 2 women treated by wide local excision and reconstruction by rotational TDAP flap. At the end of follow-up, outcome is judged by complete remission of disease, comparing preoperative shoulder function (using Constant-Murley shoulder outcome score), and quality of life (using dermatology life quality index) with postoperative results after 1 year, plus durability of reconstruction, donor site morbidity, overall aesthetic outcome, and patient's satisfaction.

Results
The mean ± SD follow-up period was 30 ± 5.2 months (range = 12–60 months). Four patients (20%) were treated for their right side, 8 patients (40%) for their left side, and 8 patients (40%) were treated bilaterally, so we perform 28 operations for 20 patients. The treated patients with stage II disease were 16 (57.14%) and with stage III disease were 12 (42.85%). The size of the defects was usually approximately 10 × 15 cm. By the end of follow-up period, all patient showed complete remission of the disease with improvement in both shoulder function and quality of life, whereas 1 flap (3.57%) was complicated by bleeding treated by reoperation, 2 flaps (7.14%) complicated by wound infection that was treated conservatively, 3 other flaps (10.71%) showed wide scare at insight of the flaps, and 1 flap (3.57%) developed hypertrophic scare at donor site of the flap.

Conclusions
Surgical treatment of stage II and III HS of axilla and reconstruction by rotational TDAP flap provides good aesthetic and functional results with 100% success rate in eradicating and complete remission of the disease during follow-up period and accepted complication rate.
Accuracy of Bladder Scanner for the Assessment of Postvoid Residual Volumes in Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Taylor Danielle Lynn , Sierra Tania , Duenas-Garcia Omar Felipe , Kim Youngwu , Leung Katherine , Hall Cynthia , Flynn Michael K. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the bladder scanner in assessing postvoid residual (PVR) volumes in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods
We performed a prospective parallel cohort study evaluating the accuracy of the BVI 3000 bladder scanner in patients with POP. Patients with POP to the hymen were offered inclusion. Primary outcome was the absolute difference between bladder scanner and catheterization PVR. We also investigated the effect of prolapse stage on bladder scanner accuracy. A prevoid bladder volume was obtained by bladder scan. Subjects voided volume was then collected. A PVR was obtained by bladder scan, followed by a PVR by catheterization. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, linear regression analysis, and sensitivity/specificity analysis were performed.

Results
We enrolled 87 subjects. There was a statistically significant difference between catheter and bladder scan PVR, with an absolute median difference of 20 mL (SD = 37.7), P < 0.001. Linear regression analysis showed a difference between mild and advanced prolapse groups. The regression coefficients of the mild prolapse group and advanced prolapse were 0.91 (confidence interval = 0.75–1.06) and 0.66 (confidence interval = 0.54–0. 78), P = 0.015, respectively, indicating a deterioration of accuracy of the bladder scanner for advanced prolapse. The sensitivity of the bladder scanner identifying catheterized PVR volumes less than 100 mL was 93.7%. For catheter PVRs greater than 100 mL, the specificity of the bladder scanner was 72.7%.

Conclusions
Bladder scanner PVRs are less accurate in advanced prolapse, and PVRs of greater than 100 mL should be confirmed by catheterization.