bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the scoreboard: Coaches' UV‐related skin cancer knowledge in outdoor sports
Authors: Schneider Sven , Parsons Zoe A. , Leer Sophie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe global rise in UV radiation is widely recognized as one of the most relevant health impacts of climate change. Consequently, the prevalence of skin cancer is experiencing a significant increase, with outdoor athletes being identified as a particularly vulnerable population group.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the extent of UV‐specific skin cancer knowledge among coaches in outdoor sports and to examine potential variations in this knowledge between different sports, coach‐ and club‐specific factors.MethodsThis nationwide representative study was conducted among outdoor sports coaches from the 10 largest outdoor sports associations in Germany. Their knowledge of the risks associated with UV radiation and prevention measures were evaluated using the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale (SCSK Scale).ResultsOut of 1200 participating trainers, the UV‐specific skin cancer knowledge score averaged 17.76 (±2.98) on a scale ranging from 0 to 25. The true‐false statements ‘A tan is a sign that the skin is damaged’ (true) and ‘When using sunscreen, you can tan without any negative effects’ (false) were most frequently answered incorrectly. Only 16% of participants correctly identified basal cell carcinoma as the most prevalent form of skin cancer. Differences in UV‐specific skin cancer knowledge were evident across different sports, with football and tennis coaches showing the major knowledge deficits. Conversely, trainers in skiing, swimming and mountain sports demonstrated the highest levels of knowledge. Significant deficiencies in knowledge were particularly notable among male trainers, as well as those from the youngest and the oldest age group, with limited training experience and who primarily worked with children and adolescents in small clubs on a regular basis.ConclusionsSerious knowledge deficiencies are evident among German outdoor sports coaches. The study results emphasize the necessity for enhanced coach education and the implementation of evaluated concepts for climate adaptation in sports.
The role of persistent right umbilical vein in the diagnosis of fetal genetic syndromes
Authors: Dizdaroğulları Gizem Elif , Demirci Oya , Ocal Aydın , Kahramanoğlu Özge , Akalın Munip 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionPersistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) is an embryonic vascular abnormality. Recent studies suggested that the perinatal outcome was good and the risk of aneuploidy was low in isolated forms. Our purpose in this study was to assess the relation of PRUV with genetic abnormalities and demonstrate concomitant malformations and perinatal outcomes of these fetuses.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study examining consecutive pregnancies diagnosed as having PRUV in our hospital between 2017 and 2022.ResultsA total of 41 patients were diagnosed as having fetuses with PRUV during the study period. Additional ultrasound findings were detected in 26 fetuses (63.4%). The most common associated finding was fetal growth restriction, which was found in 15 (36.5%) of 41 fetuses. This was followed by cardiovascular findings in eight (19.5%) fetuses. Genetic anomalies were detected in five (12.1%) fetuses. Down syndrome was detected in two fetuses (4.8%), nail‐patella syndrome in one fetus (2.4%), duplication of 7p was found in one fetus (2.4%), and Potocki‐Lupski syndrome (2.4%) was diagnosed in one fetus.ConclusionIn our study we found that even in isolated cases, genetic syndromes could coexist and fetal growth could be impaired so it should be closely monitored.
The impact of gut microbiota in full‐term pregnant women on immune regulation during pregnancy: A prospective, exploratory study
Authors: Ma Guangyu , Yang Ping , Lu Tong , Chen Zhongsheng , Zhou Juan , Tye Kian Deng , Xiao Xiaomin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and both placental local immune function and the maternal systemic immune system in pregnant women.MethodsTwenty‐six pregnant women were included in this study, utilizing high‐throughput sequencing for gut microbiota analysis. Immune cells and cytokine levels were measured in placental tissue and peripheral venous blood. Integration of gut microbiota data with immune parameters was performed using R, and network correlation analysis was conducted with Cytoscape software.ResultsIn placental tissues, gut microbiota predominantly influences B lymphocytes (CD3−CD19+/CD3−), indicating a potential bidirectional regulatory role. The impact on CD56+CD16+/CD56+CD16− and CD4+/CD8+ ratios appear minor. Notably, a significant positive correlation was observed between gut microbiota and the placental cytokine interleukin (IL)‐5. In peripheral blood, gut microbiota was primarily associated with negative regulation of peripheral B lymphocytes and positive regulation of peripheral Treg cells. Minimal effects are observed on peripheral macrophages and NK cell subtypes. The most substantial impact on peripheral immune balance was reflected in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, showing a predominant negative correlation, while the influence on the CD56+CD16+/CD56+CD16− ratio is minimal. A significant negative correlation was found between gut microbiota and peripheral cytokines IL‐1 and IL‐18, while the interaction with the peripheral interferon‐γ/IL‐4 ratio appears relatively less pronounced.ConclusionsThe close correlation between gut microbiota and placental local immune function, as well as maternal systemic immune responses, is evident. This study contributes to a preliminary understanding of the immunomodulatory relationship of gut microbiota during pregnancy.
Functional MRI and cognition in multiple sclerosis—Where are we now?
Authors: Mahmoudi Farhad , McCarthy Micheline , Nelson Flavia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis‐related cognitive impairment (MSrCI) affects most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly contributing to disability and socioeconomic challenges. MSrCI manifests across all disease stages, mainly impacting working memory, information processing, and attention. To date, the underlying mechanisms of MSrCI remain unclear, with its pathogenesis considered multifactorial. While conventional MRI findings correlate with MSrCI, there is no consensus on reliable imaging metrics to detect or diagnose cognitive impairment (CI). Functional MRI (fMRI) has provided unique insights into the brain's neuroplasticity mechanisms, revealing evidence of compensatory mechanisms in response to tissue damage, both beneficial and maladaptive. This review summarizes the current literature on the application of resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) and task‐based fMRI (tb‐fMRI) in understanding neuroplasticity and its relationship with cognitive changes in people with MS (pwMS). Searches of databases, including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science, were conducted for the most recent fMRI cognitive studies in pwMS. Key findings ifrom rs‐fMRI studies reveal disruptions in brain connectivity and hub integration, leading to CI due to decreased network efficiency. tb‐fMRI studies highlight abnormal brain activation patterns in pwMS, with evidence of increased fMRI activity in earlier disease stages as a beneficial compensatory response, followed by reduced activation correlating with increased lesion burden and cognitive decline as the disease progresses. This suggests a gradual exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms over time. These findings support fMRI not only as a diagnostic tool for MSrCI but also as a potential imaging biomarker to improve our understanding of disease progression.
Time‐dependent MR diffusion analysis of functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Kamimura Kiyohisa , Tokuda Tomohiro , Kamizono Junki , Nakano Tsubasa , Hasegawa Tomohito , Nakajo Masanori , Ejima Fumitaka , Kanzaki Fumiko , Takumi Koji , Nakajo Masatoyo , Fujio Shingo , Hanaya Ryosuke , Tanimoto Akihide , Iwanaga Takashi , Imai Hiroshi , Feiweier Thorsten , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: December 2024

Background and PurposeDifferentiation between functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PAs) is clinically relevant. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using time‐dependent diffusion MRI (dMRI) for microstructural characterization of PAs.MethodsThe study included 54 participants, 24 with functioning PA and 30 with nonfunctioning PA. Time‐dependent dMRI of the pituitary gland was performed using an inner field‐of‐view echo‐planar imaging based on 2‐dimensional‐selective radiofrequency excitations with oscillating gradient and pulsed gradient preparation (effective diffusion time: 7.1 and 36.3 ms) at b‐values of 0 and 1000 seconds/mm2. Each tumor had its apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) measured at two diffusion times (ADC7.1 ms and ADC36.3 ms), its ADC change (cADC), and relative ADC change. The mean values of diffusion parameters were compared between functioning and nonfunctioning PAs. We compared the diffusion parameters of nonfunctioning PAs with those of each type of hormone‐producing PAs. The diagnostic performances of the diffusion parameters were assessed.ResultsThe cADC was significantly higher in functioning PAs than nonfunctioning PAs (p = .0124). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that cADC (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = .677, p = .017) is effective in distinguishing between functioning and nonfunctioning PAs. The cADC was significantly higher in growth hormone (GH)‐producing PAs compared to nonfunctioning PAs (p = .006). The ROC curve analysis indicated that cADC (AUC = .771, p < .001) effectively distinguishes between GH‐producing and nonfunctioning PAs.ConclusionsThe cADC derived from time‐dependent dMRI could distinguish between functioning and nonfunctioning PAs, particularly those producing GH.
Comparison of the 3‐Year Continuation Rate and Discontinuation Factors Between Vibegron and Mirabegron in Patients With Overactive Bladder: A Retrospective Follow‐Up Study in a Rehabilitation Hospital in Japan
Authors: Mukai Shigeto , Nomi Masashi , Yanagiuchi Akihiro , Sengoku Atsushi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objective of this study is to compare the 3‐year continuation rate and discontinuation factors between vibegron and mirabegron in patients with overactive bladder in a rehabilitation hospital in Japan.MethodsThe 3‐year continuation rate of the target drugs and reasons for discontinuation as well as patients' backgrounds and adverse effects were evaluated retrospectively from the medical records between September 2018 and December 2020. After selecting patients according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 136 cases taking mirabegron and 82 taking vibegron were adjusted for intergroup variability by propensity score matching. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression for the 3‐year continuation rate and Fine‐Gray proportional hazards regression for the 3‐year cumulative incidence of discontinuation events. Subgroup analysis was also performed.ResultsApproximately 70% of the patients analyzed had neurogenic overactive bladder. The 3‐year continuation rate was 65.2% in vibegron and 30.3% in mirabegron, and the hazard ratio was 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.25–0.68, p < 0.001) as for an incidence of discontinuation events of vibegron against mirabegron. The incidence of discontinuation due to inadequate efficacy was 22.7% in vibegron and 47.0% in mirabegron, and similarly the hazard ratio was 0.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.80, p < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, vibegron continued significantly more than mirabegron for the 3‐year continuation rate in non‐neurogenic overactive bladder (p < 0.001), in spontaneous voiding (p < 0.001), in anticholinergic combination (p = 0.0017), in female (p < 0.001), and in 70 years or older (p = 0.0028). Additionally, a significant interaction was observed regarding the methods of emptying urine (p = 0.0066).ConclusionsVibegron was superior to mirabegron in the 3‐year continuation rate of administration with a fewer discontinuation due to inadequate efficacy in a patient population with relatively high rates of neurogenic overactive bladder.
Prevalence of severe and moderate anthropometric failure among children in India, 1993–2021
Authors: Narayanan Menaka , Karlsson Omar , Kumar Akhil , Pullum Thomas W. , Kim Rockli , Subramanian S. V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThough child anthropometric failure (CAF) is a persistent problem in India, previous studies have often neglected state‐level variance and aggregated moderate and severe CAF categories. This study addresses this gap by examining moderate and severe malnutrition across India's states and union territories (UTs) from 1993 to 2021. Data of children under 2 years old from five waves of National Family Health Surveys, a representative cross‐sectional survey of Indian households, were analysed. Outcomes included prevalence of moderate and severe stunting, underweight and wasting, as per the 2006 World Health Organization growth standards. Percentage prevalence and standardized absolute change (SAC) were calculated nationally and by region for each wave. From 1993 to 2021, there was a notable reduction in the nationwide prevalence of moderate stunting, underweight and wasting, with rates dropping from 20% to 16%, 23% to 18%, and 15% to 12%, respectively. Severe stunting and underweight declined considerably from 23% to 16% and 18% to 11%, respectively; severe wasting marginally increased from 8% to 9%. From 2016 to 2021 moderate underweight was noted to have the highest SAC across all regions, although 15 regions saw an increase in the prevalence of moderate underweight. In the 2016–2021 period, severe wasting has increased in 13 of the 36 regions. While there has been a nationwide reduction in most indicators of CAF since 1993, the rate and direction of change vary widely among states and UTs and between moderate and severe categories within each of the states and UTs. Understanding these patterns of change can direct context‐specific interventions for improving child nutrition and health. A greater focus on reducing severe wasting, which has increased since 1993, is also crucial.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness on Student Anxiety and Depression During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pranata Gst. Kade Adi Widyas , Koa Apryadno Jose Al Freadman , Chang Ying‐Ju 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnxiety and depression are the most common psychological issues experienced by students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Mindfulness has been suggested as a potential solution to these issues; however, limited studies have evaluated its effectiveness. This study aimed to synthesize experimental studies that measure the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing student anxiety and depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A comprehensive systematic search across 11 databases was conducted from inception to September 9, 2024. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. A random‐effects model with a standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed to determine the effect sizes. Thirty‐one experimental studies reported on anxiety, and 24 reported on depression. The overall effect size was moderately significant for reducing anxiety (SMD = −0.71, 95% CI = −1.02 to −0.39, p < 0.0001) and depression (SMD = −0.53, 95% CI = −0.81 to −0.25, p = 0.0002). These findings can inform policies regarding the application of mindfulness for students facing psychological challenges due to educational‐related crises. Further high‐quality studies are essential to determine the true impact of mindfulness.
Barriers to and Facilitators of e‐Learning Health Education Based on the Mental Workload Framework: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yan Chuchu , Shan Yawei , Lu Haiying , Han Lin , Xie Tong , Wang Wenxuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis scoping review of studies on patients' mental workload (MWL) in health education via e‐learning was conducted to characterize the state of research and to identify barriers to and facilitators of e‐learning. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO electronic databases were searched through September 10, 2023. A descriptive analysis of study characteristics and a content analysis of barriers to and facilitators of MWL were conducted. Among the 2837 studies screened for eligibility, 38 were included. A relatively small number of articles used a comprehensive framework to explore barriers to and facilitators of e‐learning or used indicators of MWL to assess application usability and user experience. Analyses of factors influencing the effectiveness of e‐learning in health education identified key predictors across five domains: individual, task, technical, environmental, and interactive aspects. The incorporation of multifaceted influencing factors that contribute to optimizing the MWL should be a priority when using e‐learning in health education. Future research should give more attention to investigating the generative mechanism of e‐learning in health education to enhance targeted program design.
The promising role of proteomes and metabolomes in defining the single‐cell landscapes of plants
Authors: Anderton Christopher R. , Uhrig R. Glen 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThe plant community has a strong track record of RNA sequencing technology deployment, which combined with the recent advent of spatial platforms (e.g. 10× genomics) has resulted in an explosion of single‐cell and nuclei datasets that can be positioned in an in situ context within tissues (e.g. a cell atlas). In the genomics era, application of proteomics technologies in the plant sciences has always trailed behind that of RNA sequencing technologies, largely due in part to upfront cost, ease‐of‐use, and access to expertise. Conversely, the use of early analytical tools for characterizing small molecules (metabolites) from plant systems predates nucleic acid sequencing and proteomics analysis, as the search for plant‐based natural products has played a significant role in improving human health throughout history. As the plant sciences field now aims to fully define cell states, cell‐specific regulatory networks, metabolic asymmetry and phenotypes, the measurement of proteins and metabolites at the single‐cell level will be paramount. As a result of these efforts, the plant community will unlock exciting opportunities to accelerate discovery and drive toward meaningful translational outcomes.
Light‐activated channelrhodopsins: a revolutionary toolkit for the remote control of plant signalling
Authors: Hedrich Rainer , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: December 2024

SummaryChannelrhodopsins (CHRs), originating within algae and protists, are membrane‐spanning ion channel proteins that are directly activated and/or deactivated by specific wavelengths of light. Since 2005, CHRs have been deployed as genetically encoded optogenetic tools to rapidly advance understanding of neuronal networks. CHRs provide the opportunity to finely tune ion transport across membranes and regulate membrane potential. These are fundamental biochemical signals, which in plants can be translated into physiological and developmental responses such as changes in photosynthesis, growth, turgor, vascular hydraulics, phosphorylation or reactive oxygen species (ROS) status, gene expression, or even cell death. Exploration of CHR family diversity and structure–function engineering has led to the expansion of the CHR optogenetic toolbox, offering unparalleled opportunities to precisely control and understand electrical and secondary messenger signalling in higher plants. In this Tansley Insight, we provide an overview of the recent progress in the application of CHR optogenetics in higher plants and discuss their possible uses in the remote control of plant biology, illuminating a new future domain for plant research enabled through synthetic biology.
Evaluation of indices for the assessment and classification of keratoconus based on optical coherence tomography and Scheimpflug technology
Authors: Herber Robert , Lenk Janine , Ramm Lisa , Wittig Dierk , Patzner Maria Magdalena , Pillunat Lutz E. , Raiskup Frederik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the parameters and indices of a novel swept‐source optical coherence tomography device (SS‐OCT, ANTERION) with those of a rotating Scheimpflug camera (RSC)‐based tomograph (Pentacam) in normal and keratoconic (KC) eyes.MethodsThis prospective, monocentric, cross‐sectional study included individuals with unoperated normal and KC eyes, selecting one eye per subject. Ectasia‐specific parameters analysed with the SS‐OCT were difference in mean keratometry (Kmean) in the inferior and superior meridians, maximum keratometry value (Kmax), elevation of the posterior surface at the thinnest point, screening corneal objective risk of ectasia (SCORE) and thinnest point thickness. With the RSC, parameters determined were Belin/Ambrosio total deviation value (BAD‐D), index of height decentration and index of vertical asymmetry. KC classification with the SS‐OCT was based on the anterior and posterior radii of curvature and thinnest point thickness according to the ABCD classification of the RSC system.ResultsThis study included 117 individuals with healthy eyes and 335 eyes with KC. The indices with the highest diagnostic discriminatory ability between the two cohorts were SCORE, difference of Kmean in the inferior and superior meridians and posterior elevation of the thinnest point (SS‐OCT), as well as the index of height decentration, index of vertical asymmetry and BAD‐D (RSC). The classifications using SS‐OCT defined mild‐stage KC as Kmax, posterior elevation of the thinnest point and thinnest point thickness as ≤50.9 D, ≤30 and ≥472 μm, respectively. Moderate stage values were 51–55.9 D, 31–69 and 471–438 μm, respectively, while respective advanced stage were ≥56 D, ≥70 and ≤437 μm.ConclusionThe diagnostic capabilities for both devices were found to be comparable. KC classification using SS‐OCT can be independently based on the anterior surface, posterior surface and corneal thickness.
DERIVING LATIN ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE: LABELS AND PHASES*
Authors: Jakielaszek Jarosław 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Latin ablative absolute construction is usually considered a unitary phenomenon with regard to its external syntax, being a clausal participial adjunct, mostly appearing in the left–peripheral area of their hosts. A closer analysis carried out in the framework of the Minimalist Program of Chomsky (1993, 1995), with theoretical proposals put forward in Chomsky (2013, 2015b, 2020b, 2021) and related work as the specific background, allows accounting for their properties as a result of Set‐Merge and interaction of independently motivated properties of syntactic operations. The behaviour of ablative absolute with regard to accessibility to operations targeting them from outside and their labeling properties follow from specific featural specification of their constituents. It is also argued that accounting for syntactic properties of different kinds of the ablative absolute construction does not require positing any language–particular or construction–specific rules.