bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police practice in cases of sudden and unexpected child death in England and Wales: an investigative deficit?
Authors: Fox John 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The system in England and Wales involves a joint agency response to the sudden and unexpected death of a child (SUDC) and, for various reasons, the police contribution to that investigation is sometimes inadequate. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the dilemmas which explain this inadequacy.

Design/methodology/approach
The arguments presented in the paper are made on the basis of empirically derived findings, drawing from original research based upon qualitative interviews with nine senior detectives working in the areas of child abuse or major crime, as well as focus groups of senior detectives, and a limited contribution from pathologists.

Findings
This paper explores whether there is an investigative deficit in respect of potential child homicide when compared to an adult domestic homicide, and it concludes that in some areas the most vulnerable people in society may be at risk because of issues such as inadequate training, inflexible force policies and under-resourced police investigation of child death.

Practical implications
It is possible to kill a child and leave few, if any, physical clues on the body. To determine if homicide is the cause of death, the overall police investigation therefore has to be of high quality to identify any clues that have been left by the perpetrator at the scene or in other ways. It is usual for Child Abuse Investigation Unit detectives to investigate SUDC but they are often trying to do so with little training and few resources. Cuts to police service budgets since 2010 have affected all elements of policing, including Major Crime Teams. As a result, these teams are more discerning about which cases they take on and there is evidence they are not taking on child death investigations even if there are suspicions of homicide. The findings reveal important implications for police investigative training and a clear and significant deficit in the investigative resources available to the lead investigator on a SUDC investigation which may or may not be a homicide, compared with the resources available to the senior investigating officer on a straightforward domestic homicide when the victim is an adult. If homicide is missed, then siblings or future siblings with that family may be left at risk of harm. The College of Policing suggested standards for SUDC investigation are sometimes not being adhered to in respect of training and resources.

Originality/value
The paper is informed by original qualitative research conducted in 2019. The findings are of value to police policy makers, the College of Policing, and police senior leadership teams.
The effective outsourcing of building retrofitting: key decisions and motivators
Authors: Fasna M.F.F. , Gunatilake Sachie 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Despite their energy conservation potential, still existing buildings are slow in embracing building energy efficiency retrofits (BEER), mainly because of the absence of a clearly defined process to deliver the BEER projects, and the lack of proactive guidance for project teams. Further, the identification of factors that can facilitate BEER projects is also important to ensure the project success. This is particularly true in energy service company (ESCO)-led projects. Hence, this study aims at investigating the decision-making process, including the motivators for the successful execution of each stage in implementing BEER when projects are outsourced to a third party.

Design/methodology/approach
An in-depth case study was carried out to investigate the decision-making process and motivators in implementing BEER in a selected hotel building. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the required data within the case.

Findings
Study disclosed the 13 key decisions made and 37 key activities performed in each stage of the project. A total of 19 motivators for the successful execution of the respective stages were also elicited. Ultimately, the research findings are mapped against the five key stages of BEER decision-making process.

Originality/value
The outcome of this study will provide the industry practitioners a basis for the effective adoption and implementation of BEER in existing hotel buildings when an external contractor is involved.
Analysis of supply chain risk in the ceramic industry using the TOPSIS method under a fuzzy environment
Authors: Zubayer Md. Abdullah Al , Mithun Ali Syd , Kabir Golam 
Published: September 2019

PurposeRisk management has emerged as a critical issue in operating a supply chain effectively in the presence of uncertainties that result from unexpected variations. Assessing and managing supply chain risks are receiving significant attention from practitioners and academics. At present, the ceramic industry in Bangladesh is growing. Thus, managers in the industry need to properly assess supply chain risks for mitigation purposes. This study aims to identify and analyze various supply chain risks occurring in a ceramic factory in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachA model is proposed based on a fuzzy technique for order preference using similarity to an ideal solution (fuzzy-TOPSIS) for evaluating supply chain risks. For this, 20 supply chain risk factors were identified through an extensive literature review and while consulting with experts from the ceramic factories. Fuzzy-TOPSIS contributed to the analysis and assessment of those risks.FindingsThe results of this research indicate that among the identified 20 supply chain risks, lack of operational quality, lack of material quality and damage to inventory were the major risks for the ceramic sector in Bangladesh.Research limitations/implicationsThe impact of supply chain risks was not shown in this study and the risks were considered independent. Therefore, research can be continued to address these two factors.Practical implicationsThe outcome of this research is expected to assist industrial managers and practitioners in the ceramic sector in taking proactive action to minimize supply chain risks. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the relative stability of the risks.Originality/valueThis study uses survey data to analyze and evaluate the major supply chain risks related to the ceramic sector. An original methodology is provided for identifying and evaluating the major supply chain risks in the ceramic sector of Bangladesh.
Putting workplace spirituality in context
Authors: Bhaskar A. Uday , Mishra Bijaya 
Published: September 2019

PurposeWorkplace spirituality (WPS) has emerged as a key concept in management literature but has, thus far, remained inadequately explored in research studies. The purpose of this paper is to draw WPS upon the organizational support theory and WPS literature to develop and test a model. The role of WPS and its moderating effect is examined in its relationship with perceived organizational support (POS), career satisfaction (CS) and turnover intentions (TIs).Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey research design, data were collected from 314 respondents to test the proposed model. Serial mediation was tested using the two dimensions of WPS (meaningful work (MW) and sense of community (SC)) as mediators between POS and CS. For moderation, these two dimensions of WPS were used to test the variables of POS and TI.FindingsThis study found that the relationship between POS and CS is sequentially mediated by the two dimensions of WPS, namely, MW and SC, while WPS is found to enhance CS among employees, it has been found to significantly reduce their TIs by moderating the relationship between POS and TI. Thus, employee TIs are found to be lower when the relationship between POS and MW is stronger.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will help managers develop strategies and formulate effective interventions that would improve the CS of employees and reduce their intentions to quit, leading to desirable individual and organizational outcomes.Originality/valueWPS is a relatively new construct both at the workplace and in academia and to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which has examined the role of WPS in the relationship between POS, CS and TIs. By examining how organizational support has a significant influence on the employee in shaping positive work attitudes, the study will contribute to the existing knowledge and address questions hitherto unexplored. The findings of this research will thus have direct implications for the practitioner as well as the manager.
Exploring the potential of Epicoccum nigrum for pigment production under variable conditions
Authors: Kaur Sawinder , Mumbarkar Vivek , Panesar Paramjit S. , Gurumayum Sushma , Rasane Prasad 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to isolate yellow pigment producing fungal strain and to determine the media requirement for growth and secondary metabolite production.

Design/methodology/approach
Fifteen soil samples were collected and studied for a pigment producing fungal sources. Selection of a fungus was based on pigment produced and further conditions, such as effect of media composition and light wavelength on pigment production and growth parameters were optimised.

Findings
Out of the isolates analysed, Epicoccum nigrum was selected for further study as this strain has the potential for pigment production. Among all the media evaluated, potato dextrose agar (PDA) was found to be the best media for growth and sporulation, whilst sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) was only 29 per cent as capable as the best medium. The radial growth rate in case of PDA was 3 ± 0.02 mm/day, while in case of SDA, it was only 1.09 mm/day. Whilst starch as a carbon source was found to increase the radial growth to 5.15 ± 0.02 mm/day, sucrose significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the sporulation (224,000 ± 1,550 spores/ml) of Epicoccum nigrum. Amongst the various nitrogen sources analysed, peptone significantly increased (p < 0.05) the radial growth (6.55 ± 0.02 mm/day) as well as sporulation (220,000 ± 2,100 spores/ml). The observations also indicated that E. nigrum is able to sense and differentiate between light in different wavelength ranges and respond differently in growth and sporulation. The light passing through a red colour sheet resulted in better radial growth (8.5 ± 0.02 mm/day) in comparison to unfiltered light (3 ± 0.02 mm/day). Yellow pigment production in terms of hue values was significantly influenced by the presence of dextrose, peptone and darkness.

Research limitations/implications
The isolated strain could be studied for variable conditions and stress factors for optimal production of the pigment. Recovery and purification studies could be carried out at pilot and industrial scale.

Practical implications
The isolation of a strain producing valuable microbial pigment will increase the alternatives of natural food colours and enhance the its commercial applications

Originality/value
This study identifies Epicoccum nigrum as a potential source of microbial pigment and facilitates its growth and production for possible applications in industrial pigment production.
The moderating role of transport chain location in cargo theft risk
Authors: Ekwall Daniel , Lantz Björn 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore cargo theft risk and security for different product types at different locations along a transport chain.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a system-theoretical approach. The research method is deductive, as the analysis is based on secondary data and results from a questionnaire. The results are analysed based on supply chain risk management (SCRM) theories.

Findings
Due to substantial interaction effects, the type of product and transport chain location must be considered to determine the correct level of security. Specifically, the product type is more significant, since the general cargo theft risk is higher. Furthermore, the transport industry has three perspectives on security responses to cargo theft, namely, demanded, needed and actual security, which differ depending on the product type and transport chain location.

Research limitations/implications
This database is structured according to the global Transported Asset Protection Association organisational structure, which implies that there are three main databases: Europe, Middle East and Africa, Americas, and Asia-Pacific.

Practical implications
This study has both research and practical implications, as it examines security within freight transport from three perspectives, linked to general cargo theft risk and goods owners’ requirements.

Originality/value
This study addresses the contemporary SCRM problem of cargo theft using actual crime statistics and the industry understanding of required generic security levels.
Lean Six Sigma approach to reduce LOS through a diagnostic-therapeutic-assistance path at A.O.R.N. A. Cardarelli
Authors: Ricciardi Carlo , Fiorillo Antonella , Valente Antonio Saverio , Borrelli Anna , Verdoliva Ciro , Triassi Maria , Improta Giovanni 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe rise of the mean age incremented the occurrence of femur fractures with respect to the past, leading thus to serious consequences, as regards morbidity and socio-economic impact. The direction of the A.O.R.N. Cardarelli of Naples has introduced a DTAP whose aim was the reduction of LOS. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe aim of this paper is to analyze the introduction of DTAP, employing Lean Thinking and Six Sigma methodology based on the DMAIC cycle. To evaluate the effectiveness of DTAP, two groups of patients have been observed for 14 months (before and after the implementation of DTAP).FindingsStatistical tests were performed on the groups and graphics were provided to visualize the decrease of LOS (29.9 per cent). The overall population was also divided in subgroups according to six variables potentially influencing LOS.Research limitations/implicationsAuthors considered six variables of influences; yet, others could be taken into account in the future.Practical implicationsThe decrease of costs due to the management of elderly patients with femur fracture, the optimization of care processes in hospitals and a faster recovery for patients is the tangible contribute of DTAP.Originality/valueThe implementation of DTAP allowed the hospital to obtain a significant reduction of LOS with a consequently decrease of costs alleviating the hospital and the society from the socio-economic burden and the morbidity of this pathology.
Developing a taxonomy of citizen science projects in primary school
Authors: Ciasullo Maria Vincenza , Manna Rosalba , Palumbo Rocco 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Educational institutions are facing a growing number of challenges, which impair their ability to provide high quality and effective educational services. The involvement of pupils in co-creating learning experiences is a fundamental ingredient of the recipe for increased educational quality. Inter alia, the implementation of citizen science initiatives at schools allows pupils to be active co-producers of educational services. The purpose of this paper to shed light on the attributes of citizen science projects targeted at pupils (aged between six and ten) attending primary schools, in order to identify their potential implications in terms of educational services’ quality improvement.

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary data were collected from the Scistarter® web platform. Projects addressed to primary schools and provided with specific classroom materials were taken into consideration (n=65). A qualitative, comparative and bird’s eye analysis was performed: first, looking at the role and the tasks assigned to pupils, the projects were grouped in four categories; second, the potential implications of citizen science on educational services’ quality were investigated.

Findings
Citizen science at school paves the way for pupils’ empowerment and for their direct involvement in the co-production of educational services. Moreover, it enhances the relationship between teachers and pupils, engaging them in a co-creating partnership intended at addressing real scientific issues at school. However, citizen science is still poorly integrated into conventional educational curricula in primary schools.

Practical implications
From a management point of view, citizen science is thought to contribute to the improvement of educational services’ quality, stimulating pupils to partner with their peers and with teachers for the purpose of knowledge co-production; in addition, it allows for the enrichment of educational activities in primary schools. From a policy perspective, citizen science at school harmonizes with the democratization of scientific knowledge.

Originality/value
This is one of the first research papers to demonstrate the potential implications of citizen science on educational services’ quality and effectiveness in primary schools.
Evaluating the Stability of School Performance Estimates over Time
Authors: Minaya Veronica , Agasisti Tommaso 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhen using school performance indicators for the purposes of accountability and school choice, it is very important that measures are stable over time. This issue is very relevant when the system is based on the allocation of students to the same teachers for the whole educational cycle (e.g. at primary school level). Using administrative data provided by the National Evaluation Committee for Education (INVALSI), we explore the stability of performance estimates for Italian primary schools. We first construct school performance metrics using INVALSI standardised tests, by taking advantage of a rich array of individual‐level variables (including prior achievement) that allow us to estimate a school effect in a ‘value added’ perspective. We assess differences in performance across schools and the persistence of these differences across cohorts. We find that controlling for compositional differences is important; therefore, estimates of school performances are unstable across metrics, and correlations across cohorts decline over time.
Spatial and Seasonal Response of Municipal Water Use to Weather across the Contiguous U.S.
Authors: Opalinski Nicole F. , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Manning Dale T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWeather variability has the potential to influence municipal water use, particularly in dry regions such as the western United States (U.S.). Outdoor water use can account for more than half of annual household water use and may be particularly responsive to weather, but little is known about how the expected magnitude of these responses varies across the U.S. This nationwide study identified the response of municipal water use to monthly weather (i.e., temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration [ET]) using monthly water deliveries for 229 cities in the contiguous U.S. Using city‐specific multiple regression and region‐specific models with city fixed effects, we investigated what portion of the variability in municipal water use was explained by weather across cities, and also estimated responses to weather across seasons and climate regions. Our findings indicated municipal water use was generally well‐explained by weather, with median adjusted R2 ranging from 63% to 95% across climate regions. Weather was more predictive of water use in dry climates compared to wet, and temperature had more explanatory power than precipitation or ET. In response to a 1°C increase in monthly maximum temperature, municipal water use was shown to increase by 3.2% and 3.9% in dry cities in winter and summer, respectively, with smaller changes in wet cities. Quantifying these responses allows urban water managers to plan for weather‐driven variability in water use.
Circulating interleukin‐6 as a biomarker in a randomized controlled trial of modified‐release prednisone vs immediate‐release prednisolone, in newly diagnosed patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: Miler Emma , Stapleton Philip P. , Mapplebeck Sarah , Mackerness Craig , Gayford Dawn , Aung Tin , Wilson Lisa , Schofield Paul , Dasgupta Bhaskar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo measure serial interleukin (IL)‐6 levels in newly diagnosed patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), treated in a randomized controlled trial of modified‐release prednisone (MR) vs immediate‐release prednisolone (IR) used in a tapering regimen conforming to British Society for Rheumatology GCA guidelines.MethodsPatients (n = 12) were randomized into 2 treatment arms (7 MR, 5 IR) and followed over 26 weeks. We measured IL‐6 with additional markers.ResultsA significantly higher overall mean IL‐6 level (P < .05) was seen in IR (mean = 12.15, standard error [SE] = 1.90) compared with MR (mean = 4.39, SE = 1.84). Mean collagen type 1 cross‐linked C‐telopeptide (CTX) concentration was significantly higher (P < .05) in both groups at week 4 (mean = 0.29, SE = 0.04) compared with week 26 (mean = 0.13, SE = 0.02). MR patients had adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) suppression compared with IR (P < .05) throughout without differences in cortisol levels (P = .34). No significant differences were seen between arms in other markers.ConclusionOur study suggests that elevated levels of IL‐6 in new GCA are better suppressed by MR prednisone compared with IR prednisolone. CTX was significantly reduced in both treatment arms indicating early metabolic effect of glucocorticoids on bone. ACTH suppression with MR prednisone may reflect a greater impact on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis although cortisol was not affected. MR prednisone warrants further investigation in GCA.
Cannabis, Decision‐Making, and Online Assistance Seeking
Authors: Evans Mark , Ogeil Rowan P. , Phillips James G. 
Published: September 2019

Background and ObjectivesMaladaptive decision‐making strategies could contribute to cannabis‐related problems, as some individuals may neither select safe patterns of cannabis use, nor seek treatment.MethodsTo explore decision‐making styles and their relationship to cannabis‐related harm, 153 respondents completed the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test‐Revised (CUDIT‐R), the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ), and answered questions about their willingness to seek online: (1) further information or (2) treatment for cannabis‐related issues.ResultsMultiple regression considered relationships between problematic cannabis use, decision‐making style, and cannabis use within the past month. Subscales of the CUDIT‐R revealed that: (1) hazardous use was associated with higher hypervigilance and higher decisional self‐esteem; (2) dependence symptoms were associated with lower vigilance and higher procrastination; and (3) harmful use was associated with higher procrastination. People with symptoms of CUD were less likely to seek further help or support online if prone to procrastination or buckpasssing.Discussion and ConclusionsDecisional style influenced cannabis use and symptoms. Those people with cannabis‐related problems that did not seek online assistance were defensively avoidant.Scientific SignificanceProcrastination is a feature of problematic cannabis use. Online offers of assistance may be ignored by defensively avoidant CUD clients. (Am J Addict 2019;00:1–7)