bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate‐driven change in the water sourced by trees in a de‐glaciating proglacial fore‐field, Torres del Paine, Chile
Authors: Vuaridel Marceline , Cherubini Paolo , Mettra François , Vennemann Torsten , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe colonization of proglacial margins by vegetation following glacier recession is a slow process, not least because glacially produced sediments are commonly well drained. Following from human‐induced climate change, warming could increase both growth rates and water availability because of glacier melting, so compensating for situations where climate change reduces precipitation. Compensation is likely a function of location, which will control access to meltwater and groundwater, themselves spatially variable. For the Olguin glacier (Torres del Paine, Chile), we test the hypothesis that as climate has warmed and precipitation has fallen, tree growth rate response is dependent upon the access of trees to glacial meltwater. Cores were taken from trees in three revegetating zones: (Z1) proglacial stream proximal, (Z3) proglacial stream distal, and (Z2) intermediate between Z1 and Z3. For trees within each zone, we measured annual tree‐ring widths and δ2H values. Z1 growth rates were strongly correlated with temperature and Z3 with precipitation, and Z2 showed a shift from precipitation correlation (i.e., following Z3) to temperature correlation (i.e., following Z1) through time. δ2H values were lowest at Z1, reflecting water of glacial origin, were highest at Z3, reflecting meteoric water supply, and shifted through time at Z2 from meteoric to glacial. Increased water supply associated with temperature‐driven glacier recession may compensate for decreasing water supply from precipitation to influence tree growth. This compensation is likely related to the spatial organization of the subsurface flux of glacial melt and leads to different revegetation processes to those envisaged in the classical chronosequence model of vegetation following glacier recession.
The role of pollination effectiveness on the attributes of interaction networks: from floral visitation to plant fitness
Authors: de Santiago‐Hernández Martín H. , Martén‐Rodríguez Silvana , Lopezaraiza‐Mikel Martha , Oyama Ken , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Quesada Mauricio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNetwork analysis is a powerful tool to understand community‐level plant–pollinator interactions. We evaluated the role of floral visitors on plant fitness through a series of pollination exclusion experiments to test the effectiveness of pollinators of an Ipomoea community in the Pacific coast of Mexico, including: (1) all flower visitors, (2) visitors that contact the reproductive organs, (3) visitors that deposit pollen on stigmas, and (4) visitors that mediate fruit and seed production. Our results show that networks built from effective pollination interactions are smaller, less connected, more specialized and modular than floral visitor networks. Modules are associated with pollinator functional groups and they provide strong support for pollination syndromes only when non‐effective interactions are excluded. In contrast to other studies, the analyzed networks are not nested. Our results also show that only 59% of floral visitors were legitimate pollinators that contribute to seed production. Furthermore, only 27% of the links in visitation network resulted in seed production. Our study shows that plant‐pollination networks that consider effectiveness measures of pollination in addition to floral visitation provide insightful information about the different role floral visitors play in a community, encompassing a large number of commensalistic/antagonistic interactions and the more restricted set of mutualistic relationships that underlie the evolution of convergent floral phenotypes in plants.
Flexible semiparametric generalized Pareto modeling of the entire range of rainfall amount
Authors: Tencaliec P. , Favre A.‐C. , Naveau P. , Prieur C. , Nicolet G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrecipitation amounts at daily or hourly scales are skewed to the right, and heavy rainfall is poorly modeled by a simple gamma distribution. An important yet challenging topic in hydrometeorology is to find a probability distribution that is able to model well low, moderate, and heavy rainfall. To address this issue, we present a semiparametric distribution suitable for modeling the entire range of rainfall amount. This model is based on a recent parametric statistical model called the class of extended generalized Pareto distributions (EGPDs). The EGPD family is in compliance with extreme value theory for both small and large values, while it keeps a smooth transition between these tails and bypasses the hurdle of selecting thresholds to define extremes. In particular, return levels beyond the largest observation can be inferred. To add flexibility to this EGPD class, we propose to model the transition function in a nonparametric fashion. A fast and efficient nonparametric scheme based on Bernstein polynomial approximations is investigated. We perform simulation studies to assess the performance of our approach. It is compared to two parametric models: a parametric EGPD and the classical generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), the latter being only fitted to excesses above a high threshold. We also apply our semiparametric version of EGPD to a large network of 180 precipitation time series over France.
Radical Alliances: Solutions and Opportunities for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zard Samir Z. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present account discusses in detail various mechanistic features of the degenerative radical addition‐transfer of xanthates and related thiocarbonylthio congeners and makes a comparison with the more classicalKharaschreactions to which it is similar in certain aspects. The xanthate group reacts reversibly with the ‘active’ radicals in the medium and is able to store them in a somewhat inactive form. This increases their effective lifetime in the medium and, at the same time, lowers theirabsoluteconcentration while regulating theirrelativeconcentration. These properties translate into a powerful carbon–carbon bond forming process, especially as regards intermolecular additions to electronically unbiased (‘unactivated’) alkenes. Most functional groups are tolerated, in particular polar functions that often require protection with other chemistries. This broad versatility is illustrated by examples where the xanthate addition to the alkene is combined with other, more classical reactions to provide a convergent, rapid access to a wide range of useful structures. Emphasis has been placed on the synthesis of open chain and more complex carbocycles, as well as on the transfer of chirality. These ‘radical alliances’ include organosilicon chemistry, theDiels–Aldercycloaddition and cheletropic extrusion of sulfur dioxide, theClaisensigmatropic rearrangement, and theHorner–Wadsworth–Emmons(HWE) condensation.
Clinical response to sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Izumi Keita , Iimura Yasumasa , Hiruma Kiyoshi , Touma Tsuguhiro , Tsukamoto Tetsuro 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionSodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors constitute a new class of antidiabetic medication. Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors have been shown to exert anticancer effects. However, the clinical value of these drugs as anticancer agents is yet to be evaluated.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old man presented to our hospital with frequent cough and dyspnea. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed renal cell carcinoma cT3bN0M1. Ipragliflozin, a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, treatment was initiated to control blood glucose levels. Two years after diagnosis, computed tomography revealed remarkable tumor regression without any systemic therapy other than ipragliflozin.ConclusionSodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors are potentially applicable as anticancer agents among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
The multi‐faceted regulation of nuclear tRNA gene transcription
Authors: Hummel Guillaume , Warren Jessica , Drouard Laurence 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransfer RNAs are among the most ancient molecules of life on earth. Beyond their crucial role in protein synthesis as carriers of amino acids, they are also important players in a plethora of other biological processes. Many debates in term of biogenesis, regulation and function persist around these fascinating non‐coding RNAs. Our review focuses on the first step of their biogenesis in eukaryotes, i.e. their transcription from nuclear genes. Numerous and complementary ways have emerged during evolution to regulate transfer RNA gene transcription. Here, we will summarize the different actors implicated in this process: cis‐elements, trans‐factors, genomic contexts, epigenetic environments and finally three‐dimensional organization of nuclear genomes. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019 © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1099–1108, 2019
Antiproliferative effect of the histone demethylase inhibitor GSK‐J4 in chondrosarcomas
Authors: Lhuissier Eva , Aury‐Landas Juliette , Allas Lyess , Boittin Martine , Boumediene Karim , Baugé Catherine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChondrosarcoma (CS) is the second most common malignant bone sarcoma. Its treatment remains an issue, because this tumor is radio‐ and chemo‐resistant. In the present study, we investigated the antitumoral potential of GSK‐J4, a small molecule described as an inhibitor of histone demethylases UTX and JMJD3 (KDM6A and KDM6B), alone or in combination with cisplatin in CSs. Human CS‐derived cell lines were treated with GSK‐J4 in the presence or not of cisplatin. Survival curves were established and cell proliferation and cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry using dividing cell tracking technique utilizing carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling, or DNA staining by propidium iodide. Apoptosis and senescence were also investigated. GSK‐J4 decreased proliferation of CS cells. Additionally, it induced apoptosis in CH2879 and JJ012 cells, but not in SW1353 CSs. In addition, its association with cisplatin decreased cell proliferation more than drugs alone, whereas it did not increase apoptosis compared to cisplatin alone. Interestingly, GSK‐J4 alone as well as in association with cisplatin did not affect chondrocyte survival or proliferation. In conclusion, this study suggests that demethylase inhibitors may be useful in improving therapy for CS in reducing its proliferation.
Biophysical characterization Of Alpers encephalopathy associated mutants of human mitochondrial phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase
Authors: Chakraborty Shruti , Ibba Michael , Banerjee Rajat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMutations in nucleus‐encoded mitochondrial aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (mitaaRSs) lead to defects in mitochondrial translation affecting the expression and function of 13 subunits of the respiratory chain complex leading to diverse pathological conditions. Mutations in the FARS2 gene encoding human mitochondrial phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase (HsmitPheRS) have been found to be associated with two different clinical representations, infantile Alpers encephalopathy and spastic paraplegia. Here we have studied three pathogenic mutants (Tyr144Cys, Ile329Thr, and Asp391Val) associated with Alpers encephalopathy to understand how these variants affect the biophysical properties of the enzyme. These mutants have already been reported to have reduced aminoacylation activity. Our study established that the mutants are significantly more thermolabile compared to the wild‐type enzyme with reduced solubility in vitro. The presence of aggregation‐prone insoluble HsmitPheRS variants could have a detrimental impact on organellar translation, and potentially impact normal mitochondrial function. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8): 1141–1149, 2019 © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1141–1149, 2019
Photobiomodulation using low‐level 808 nm diode laser rescues cochlear synaptopathy after acoustic overexposure in rat
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hun , Lee Min Young , Chung Phil‐Sang , Jung Jae Yun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA certain degree of noise can cause hearing problems without a permanent change in the hearing threshold, which is called hidden hearing loss and results from partial loss of auditory synapses. Photobiomodulation (PBM) enhances neural growth and connections in the peripheral nervous systems. In this study, we assessed whether PBM could rescue cochlear synaptopathy after acoustic overexposure in rat. PBM was performed for 7 days after noise exposure. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were acquired before and after noise exposure using a tone and a paired‐click stimulus. Auditory response to paired click sound with short time interval was performed to evaluate auditory temporal processing ability. In the result, hearing threshold recovered 2 weeks after noise exposure in both groups. Peak wave 1 amplitude of the ABR and ABR recovery threshold did not recover in the noise only group, whereas it fully recovered in the noise + PBM group. The number of synaptic ribbons was significantly different in the control and noise only groups, while there was no difference between the control and noise + PBM group. These results indicate that PBM rescued peak wave 1 amplitude and maintained the auditory temporal processing ability resulting from a loss of synaptic ribbons after acoustic overexposure.
A dyadic group‐movement therapy with adolescent girls with eating disorders
Authors: Dor‐Haim Maayan , Yaroslavsy Amit , Lev Azolay Tamar , Dascal Tamar , Toledano Anat , Latzer Yael , Stein Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMovement therapy emphasizes that intervention with the body may have a therapeutic impact on emotional, cognitive, and social levels. Movement therapy with individuals with eating disorders (EDs) is associated with many difficulties, owing to the fear and shame that these patients feel with their body. The persistent resistance occurring in group‐movement therapy with patients with EDs has led us to implement a novel multidyadic movement group therapy, consisting of an equal number of participants and staff. This model enables the work of patient‐staff dyads, using body‐related modeling and adequate containment from the staff to assist patients in dealing with their body‐related fear and shame. In this article, we use case studies to illustrate the implications‐derived from the unexpected highly positive impact of multidyad movement group therapy and discuss the clinical relevance of this treatment in EDs.
Pan‐cancer analysis of iron metabolic landscape across the Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Zhang Su , Chang Wei , Wu Hao , Wang Yu‐Han , Gong Yu‐Wen , Zhao You‐Li , Liu Shan‐Hui , Wang Han‐Zhang , Svatek Robert S. , Rodriguez Ronald , Wang Zhi‐Ping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIron is an essential metal ion in the human body and usually dysregulated in cancers. However, a comprehensive overview of the iron‐related genes and their clinical relevance in cancer is lacking. In this study, we utilized the expression profiling, proteomics, and epigenetics from the Cancer Genome Atlas database to systematically characterized the alterations of iron‐related genes. There were multiple iron‐related genes with dysregulation across 14 cancers and some of these ectopic changes may be associated with aberrant DNA methylation. Meanwhile, a variety of genes were significantly associated with patient survival, especially in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Then differentially expressed genes were validated in clinical samples. Finally, we found deferoxamine and erastin could inhibit proliferation in various tumor cells and influence the expression of several iron‐related genes. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of iron metabolism across cancers and highlights the potential treatment of iron targeted therapies for cancers.
Comprehensive analysis of prognostic immune‐related genes in the tumor microenvironment of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Yang Sheng , Liu Tong , Nan Hongmei , Wang Yan , Chen Hao , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Yan , Shen Bo , Qian Pudong , Xu Siyi , Sui Jing , Liang Geyu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCutaneous malignant melanoma (hereafter called melanoma) is one of the most aggressive cancers with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we performed a systematic investigation of the tumor microenvironmental and genetic factors associated with melanoma to identify prognostic biomarkers for melanoma. We calculated the immune and stromal scores of melanoma patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using the ESTIMATE algorithm and found that they were closely associated with patients’ prognosis. Then the differentially expressed genes were obtained based on the immune and stromal scores, and prognostic immune‐related genes further identified. Functional analysis and the protein–protein interaction network further revealed that these genes enriched in many immune‐related biological processes. In addition, the abundance of six infiltrating immune cells was analyzed using prognostic immune‐related genes by TIMER algorithm. The unsupervised clustering analysis using immune‐cell proportions revealed eight clusters with distinct survival patterns, suggesting that dendritic cells were most abundant in the microenvironment and CD8+ T cells and neutrophils were significantly related to patients’ prognosis. Finally, we validated these genes in three independent cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. In conclusion, this study comprehensively analyzed the tumor microenvironment and identified prognostic immune‐related biomarkers for melanoma.
Trends and Carrying Capacity of Sea Otters in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Tinker M. Tim , Gill Verena A. , Esslinger George G. , Bodkin James , Monk Melissa , Mangel Marc , Monson Daniel H. , Raymond Wendel W. , Kissling Michelle L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSea otter populations in Southeast Alaska, USA, have increased dramatically from just over 400 translocated animals in the late 1960s to >8,000 by 2003. The recovery of sea otters to ecosystems from which they had been absent has affected coastal food webs, including commercially important fisheries, and thus information on expected growth and equilibrium abundances can help inform resource management. We compile available survey data for Southeast Alaska and fit a Bayesian state‐space model to estimate past trends and current abundance. Our model improves upon previous analyses by partitioning and quantifying sources of estimation error, accounting for over‐dispersion of aerial count data, and providing realistic measurements of uncertainty around point estimates of abundance at multiple spatial scales. We also provide estimates of carrying capacity (K) for Southeast Alaska, at regional and sub‐regional scales, and analyze growth rates, current population status and expected future trends. At the regional scale, the population increased from 13,221 otters in 2003 to 25,584 otters in 2011. The average annual growth rate in southern Southeast Alaska (7.8%) was higher than northern Southeast Alaska (2.7%); however, growth varied at the sub‐regional scale and there was a negative relationship between growth rates and the number of years sea otters were present in an area. Local populations vary in terms of current densities and expected future growth; the mean estimated density at K was 4.2 ± 1.58 sea otters/km2 of habitat (i.e., the sub‐tidal benthos between 0 m and 40 m depth) and current densities correspond on average to 50% of projected equilibrium values (range = 1–97%) with the earliest‐colonized sub‐regions tending to be closer to K. Assuming a similar range of equilibrium densities for currently un‐occupied habitats, the projected value of K for all of Southeast Alaska is 74,650 sea otters. Future analyses can improve upon the precision of K estimates by employing more frequent surveys at index sites and incorporating environmental covariates into the process model to generate more accurate, location‐specific estimates of equilibrium density. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Alberta Reconstructive Technique: An Occlusion‐Driven and Digitally Based Jaw Reconstruction
Authors: Seikaly Hadi , Idris Sherif , Chuka Richelle , Jeffery Caroline , Dzioba Agnieszka , Makki Fawaz , Logan Heather , O'Connell Daniel A. , Harris Jeffrey , Ansari Kal , Biron Vincent , Cote David , Osswald Martin , Nayar Suresh , Wolfaardt John 
Published: June 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe free flap reconstructive protocols of the jaws have been refined over the years and presently are based on bone‐driven approaches that generally use the lower border of the mandible or the anterior surface of the maxilla as the templates for reconstruction because these contours are deemed important to the eventual cosmetic outcomes of patients. The ultimate goal of functional jaw reconstruction, however, is the reconstruction of the dental occlusion and oral rehabilitation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the Alberta reconstructive technique (ART), which is a new approach of occlusion‐driven jaw reconstruction with digitally planned immediate osseointegrated implant installation.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsThis research study considers the ART's safety, effectiveness, accuracy, timeliness of reconstruction, aesthetic appeal, and cost‐effectiveness in comparison with the standard bone‐driven and delayed osseointegrated implant installation (BDD) protocol.ResultsThe ART procedures were as safe and more effective at achieving full occlusal reconstruction and oral rehabilitation. The ART cohort of patients achieved oral rehabilitation in 21.4 month as compared to 73.1 months for the BDD cohort. There were no differences in the aesthetic appeal the two groups. The ART cost an average of $22,004 less than BDD and we calculated the quality adjusted life years gain to be between 2.14 and 4.04 in favour of ART.ConclusionsThe ART is a good option for patients with jaw defects. It provides a safe, effective, accurate, aesthetic, and cost‐effective reconstruction that restores form and function in a timely manner.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 129:S1–S14, 2019
Topological properties of strongly monotone planar vector fields
Authors: Balanov Z. , Bolshakov A. , Rachinskii D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe consider strongly monotone continuous planar vector fields with a finite number of fixed points. The fixed points fall into three classes, attractors, repellers and saddles. Naturally, the relative positions of the fixed points must obey a set of restrictions imposed by monotonicity. The study of these restrictions is the main goal of the paper. With any given vector field, we associate a matrix describing the arrangement of the fixed points on the plane. We then use these matrices to formulate simple necessary and sufficient conditions which allow one to determine whether a finite set of attractors, repellers and saddles at given positions on the plane can be realized as the fixed point set of a strongly monotone vector field.
Quadratic descent of hermitian forms
Authors: Nokhodkar A.‐H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuadratic descent of hermitian and skew hermitian forms over division algebras with involution of the first kind in arbitrary characteristic is investigated and a criterion, in terms of systems of quadratic forms, is obtained. A refined result is also obtained for hermitian (resp. skew hermitian) forms over a quaternion algebra with symplectic (resp. orthogonal) involution.