bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long non‐coding RNA CCAT1/miR‐148a/PKCζ prevents cell migration of prostate cancer by altering macrophage polarization
Authors: Liu Jie , Ding Degang , Jiang Zhaoqiang , Du Tao , Liu Jianjun , Kong Zhaohui 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMacrophage polarization plays an important role in tumor microenvironment, which regulated the prognosis of prostate cancer. However, the potential role of it is still need further identification.MethodsThe M1 Macrophages were inducted using 100 ng/mL LPS and 100 ng/mL IFN‐γ, the M1 Macrophages were inducted using 20 ng/mL IL‐4. TAMs were obtained by culturing monocytes for 7 days in RPMI 1640 10% FBS with 50% of conditioned medium from PC‐3 cells real‐time PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR‐148a, CCAT1, and PKCζ. Western blot was used to measure the level of PKCζ. The cytokine IL‐10 was determined using ELISA. Transwell chamber was carried out to determine cell migration. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the relationship between miR‐148a and PKCζ.ResultsThe expression of miR‐148a was highest in TAMs, while CCAT1 and PKCζ were highest in M1 Macrophages. Overexpressed miR‐148a promoted the level of IL‐10 and cell migration. Down‐regulated CCAT1 promoted the level of IL‐10 and cell migration, while this effects were abolished by co‐transfection of si‐CCAT1 and miR‐148a inhibitor. PKCζ is the target gene of miR‐148a. The effects of overexpressed miR‐148a on the level of IL‐10, genes expression, and cell migration were abolished by miR‐148a mimic and pcDNA‐PKCζ. In vivo experiments verified the effects of CCAT1 and miR‐148a on tumor growth.ConclusionCCAT1 knockdown promoted M2 macrophages polarization by up‐regulating miR‐148a, while miR‐148a up‐regulation promoted M2 macrophages polarization by down‐regulating the expression of PKCζ.
Perspective: regulation of pest and disease control strategies and why (many) economists are concerned
Authors: Wesseler Justus 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPests and diseases are a continuous challenge in agriculture production. A wide range of control strategies have been and will continue to be developed. New control strategies are in almost all countries around the world assessed prior to approval for use in farmers' fields. This is rightly so to avoid and even reduce negative effects for human health and the environment. Over the past decades the approval processes have become increasingly politicized resulting in an increase in the direct approval costs and the length in approval time without increasing the safety of the final product. This reduces the development of control strategies and often has negative human health and environmental effects. Possibilities exist for improvements. They include reducing approval costs and approval time by streamlining the approval process and substituting approval requirements by strengthening ex‐post liability. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficiency of natural substances to protect Beauveria bassiana conidia from UV radiation
Authors: Kaiser Deborah , Bacher Sven , Mène‐Saffrané Laurent , Grabenweger Giselher 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSolar radiation is assumed to be a major factor limiting the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi used as biocontrol agents in open field applications. We evaluated 12 natural UV‐protective co‐formulants for their effect on the survival of UV‐exposed Beauveria bassiana spores on agar plates, colza leaf discs and in the field.RESULTSColony‐forming unit (CFU) counts of unformulated conidia on agar plates and leaf discs dropped to ≤ 50% after exposure to UV radiation. The highest UV protection was achieved with humic acid, which provided > 90% protection of UV‐B‐exposed conidia in laboratory experiments. In the field, 10% humic acid increased spore persistence up to 87% at 7 days after application. Sesame and colza oil also provided high UV protection in both assays (> 73% and > 70%, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that it is possible to increase the persistence of B. bassiana spores under exposure to UV radiation by formulation with natural UV‐protective additives. UV protectants might, therefore, increase the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents in open field applications. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Mapping nanometer and micrometer‐scale structures at graphite surface by photoelectron diffraction
Authors: Fujita Yoshiki , Ota Hiroshi , Matsushita Tomohiro , Muro Takayuki , Senba Yasunori , Matsui Fumihiko 
Published: September 2018

A series of C 1s photoelectron intensity angular distribution (PIAD) patterns from a crystalline graphite surface were mapped in two dimensions at intervals of 20 μm. Two kinds of PIAD patterns rotated by 30° from each other, corresponding to the two domains from the twinned crystal, were found. The standard deviation of the diffraction contrast was evaluated for each PIAD pattern from its intensity histogram. Surprisingly, we found that odd‐number‐ (most probably single‐) atom‐height steps on the flat terrace region and their local atomic arrangement can be identified by two‐dimensionally mapping the standard deviation values. Furthermore, we analyzed the photoelectron diffraction patterns and noticed that the normal direction of the sample surface at each point was slightly inclined differently. By connecting all the inclination angle data, the micrometer‐scale corrugation of the sample surface was successfully visualized. Scanning photoelectron diffraction microscopy has been shown to be useful for the nanometer‐ and micrometer‐scale structural imaging.
Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of 1,2,4‐Triazoles
Authors: Galstyan Armen S. , Ghochikyan Tariel V. , Frangyan Vardges R. , Tamazyan Rafael A. , Ayvazyan Armen G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA method for the preparation of methyl esters of β‐1,2,4‐triazole‐substituted alanines by condensation of methyl acrylate with 3,4‐disubstituted‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazoles has been developed. The optimal conditions for the process of hydrazinolysis of N‐allyl derivatives of the obtained products were established. It is shown that to prevent the reduction of the allyl group, it is reasonable to carry out the process of hydrazinolysis in the presence of sodium sulfite. Based on hydrazides of β‐1,2,4‐triazole‐substituted alanines, biheterocyclic compounds of a new structure – 1,2,4‐triazole‐ and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐1,2,4‐triazoles were synthesized.
Schools as Equitable Communities of Inquiry
Authors: Riordan Robert , Caillier Stacey 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIf education is to play a role in the transition to a sustainable well-being society, what issues of purpose and practice arise? How can schools achieve the agility, not only to adapt to a changing environment, but also to engage in transformative action? What roles must the teacher assume in such a setting, and what kinds of training and development will be necessary? In this reflective essay on practice, the authors maintain that the school of the future ignores the basic axioms of twentieth-century schooling, i.e., separate students into “tracks,” divide knowledge into “subjects,” and hold school apart from the world. Drawing from their experiences at High Tech High, a public charter school organization in California, the authors offer concrete examples from across the K-12 years, describing efforts at High Tech High and its embedded graduate school of education to create an equitable community of inquiry in which all students and staff engage in action research, improvement science, and other forms of inquiry focused on key questions of sustainability: who are we, what kind of community do we envision, and how do we move forward together?
Unraveling conformal gravity amplitudes
Authors: Johansson Henrik , Mogull Gustav , Teng Fei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConformal supergravity amplitudes are obtained from the double-copy construction using gauge-theory amplitudes, and compared to direct calculations starting from conformal supergravity Lagrangians. We consider several different theories: minimal$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4conformal supergravity, non-minimal$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4Berkovits-Witten conformal supergravity, mass-deformed versions of these theories, as well as supersymmetry truncations thereof. Coupling the theories to a Yang-Mills sector is also considered. For all cases we give the gravity Lagrangians that the double copy implicitly generates. The two main results are: we determine a Lagrangian for the non-minimal Berkovits-Witten theory, and we uncover the double-copy prescription for the minimal$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4conformal supergravity.
Intersectional Trauma-Informed Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Services: Narrowing the Gap between IPV Service Delivery and Survivor Needs
Authors: Kulkarni Shanti 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOver the past 50 years, programs serving intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors have expanded nationally. However, despite IPV program growth service gaps remain, particularly for the most marginalized and vulnerable survivor populations. Emerging practice models call for reimagining current IPV service delivery within an intersectional feminist, trauma-informed framework. An overview of intersectional (e.g. survivor-centered, full-frame, culturally specific) and trauma-informed IPV service approaches will be presented highlighting their shared emphasis on power sharing, authentic survivor-advocate relationships, individualized services, and robust systems advocacy. These approaches have the potential to transform IPV services and narrow service gaps if organizations can embed key elements into program design, implementation and evaluation processes. Recommendations for moving the IPV field forward include: 1) expanding survivors’ roles/input; 2) strengthening funding streams and organizational commitment to anti-oppressive, survivor-defined, trauma-informed services; 3) forging cross-sector advocacy relationships; and 4) building knowledge through research and evaluation.
Search for Symbol Sense Behavior: Students in Upper Secondary Education Solving Algebraic Physics Problems
Authors: Turşucu Süleyman , Spandaw Jeroen , de Vries Marc J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Students in upper secondary education encounter difficulties in applying mathematics in physics. To improve our understanding of these difficulties, we examined symbol sense behavior of six grade 10 physics students solving algebraic physic problems. Our data confirmed that students did indeed struggle to apply algebra to physics, mainly because they lacked both sufficient symbol sense behavior and basic algebraic skills. They used ad hoc strategies instead of correct, systematic rule-based procedures involving insight. These ad hoc strategies included the cross-multiplication, the numbering, and the permutation strategy. They worked only for basic formulas containing few variables. In problems with more variables, students got stuck. The latter two strategies substitute numbers for variables. The permutation strategy randomly checks several permutations to guess which one is correct. The numbering strategy substitutes numbers to check algebraic manipulations. Our results indicate insufficient focus on conceptual understanding of algebra in some mathematics textbooks, leading to reliance on poorly understood ad hoc strategies. Effective teaching of algebraic skills should not focus on either basic algebraic skills or on symbol sense behavior. Instead, both aspects should be taught in an integrated manner. Our operationalization of symbol sense behavior turned out to be very useful for analysis. In contrast to earlier qualitative studies, it provided us the opportunity to measure symbol sense behavior quantitatively. This operationalization should also be applicable to other science subjects. Furthermore, we discussed some implications of our results for curricula, teachers, science teacher educators, and textbook publishers aiming at successful application of mathematics in physics.
Perception is not all-purpose
Authors: Nanay Bence 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI aim to show that perception depends counterfactually on the action we want to perform. Perception is not all-purpose: what we want to do does influence what we see. After clarifying how this claim is different from the one at stake in the cognitive penetrability debate and what counterfactual dependence means in my claim, I will give a two-step argument: (a) one’s perceptual attention depends counterfactually on one’s intention to perform an action (everything else being equal) and (b) one’s perceptual processing depends counterfactually on one’s perceptual attention (everything else being equal). If we put these claims together, what we get is that one’s perceptual processing depends counterfactually on one’s intention to perform an action (everything else being equal).
Destroyed by Slavery? Slavery and African American Family Formation Following Emancipation
Authors: Miller Melinda C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study introduces a new sample that links people and families across 1860, 1880, and 1900 census data to explore the intergenerational impact of slavery on black families in the United States. Slaveholding—the number of slaves owned by a single farmer or planter—is used as a proxy for experiences during slavery. Slave family structures varied systematically with slaveholding sizes. Enslaved children on smaller holdings were more likely to be members of single-parent or divided families. On larger holdings, however, children tended to reside in nuclear families. In 1880, a child whose mother had been on a farm with five slaves was 49 % more likely to live in a single-parent household than a child whose mother had been on a farm with 15 slaves. By 1900, slaveholding no longer had an impact. However, children whose parents lived in single-parent households were themselves more likely to live in single-parent households and to have been born outside marriage.
Hijacking the rule of law in postconflict environments
Authors: Sesay Mohamed 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe positive effects of rule of law norms and institutions are often assumed in the peacebuilding literature, with empirical work focusing more on processes of compliance with international standards in war-torn countries. Yet, this article contends that purportedly ‘good’ rule of law norms do not always deliver benign benefits but rather often have negative consequences that harm the very local constituents that peacebuilders promise to help. Specifically, the article argues that rule of law promotion in war-torn countries disproportionately favours actors who have been historically privileged by unequal socio-legal and economic structures at the expense of those whom peacebuilders claim to emancipate. By entrenching an inequitable state system which benefits those with wealth, education, and influence, rule of law institutions have reinforced structural, social, and cost-related barriers to justice. These negative effects explain why war-torn societies avoid the formal courts and law enforcement agencies despite substantial international efforts to professionalise and strengthen these institutions to meet global rule of law standards. The argument is drawn from an historical, comparative, and empirical analysis of the UK-funded justice sector development programme in Sierra Leone and US-supported rule of law reforms in Liberia – two postwar countries often cited as prototypes of successful peacebuilding.
Racialized Preferences in Context: The Geography of White Opposition to Welfare
Authors: Yancy Nina M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractResearch has shown that white Americans oppose welfare spending in part due to their racial prejudices. Yet, this conventional wisdom ignores the importance of local geography in determining whether whites are likely to view welfare in racialized terms. This article demonstrates that the effect of prejudice on whites’ welfare preferences depends on the salience of welfare's racialized image in a given geographic context. I present a novel application of the racial threat hypothesis—conceptualizing both prejudice and place as multidimensional—to argue that the racial geography of an area amplifies the effect of traditional racial stereotypes on welfare preferences, whereas economic geography amplifies the effect of symbolically racist attitudes. I test these propositions using geocoded data from the years following the 1996 U.S. welfare policy reforms. My analysis reveals that racial attitudes are more predictive of welfare preferences not simply where the stigmas of welfare are salient due to a large black population or high poverty rate, but more specifically where residential segregation makes black or poor households more visible from the viewpoint of whites. These findings highlight the subjectivity of the white perspective, and call for more scholarship theorizing whites’ agency in seeing racialized issues as threatening to white interests.
An efficient classification algorithm for NGS data based on text similarity
Authors: Liao Xiangyu , Liao Xingyu , Zhu Wufei , Fang Lu , Chen Xing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies, the amount of available sequencing data is growing at a pace that has now begun to greatly challenge the data processing and storage capacities of modern computer systems. Removing redundancy from such data by clustering could be crucial for reducing memory, disk space and running time consumption. In addition, it also has good performance on reducing dataset noise in some analysis applications. In this study, we propose a high-performance short sequence classification algorithm (HSC) for next generation sequencing (NGS) data based on efficient hash function and text similarity. First, HSC converts all reads intok-mers, then it forms a uniquek-merset by merging the duplicated and reverse complementary elements. Second, all uniquek-mersare stored in a hash table, where thek-merstring is stored in the key field, and the ID of the reads containing thek-merare stored in the value field. Third, each hash unit is transformed into a short text consisting of reads. Fourth, texts that satisfy the similarity threshold are combined into a long text, the merge operation is executed iteratively until there is no text that satisfies the merge condition. Finally, the long text is transformed into a cluster consisting of reads. We tested HSC using five real datasets. The experimental results showed that HSC cluster 100 million short reads within 2 hours, and it has excellent performance in reducing memory consumption. Compared to existing methods, HSC is much faster than other tools, it can easily handle tens of millions of sequences. In addition, when HSC is used as a preprocessing tool to produce assembly data, the memory and time consumption of the assembler is greatly reduced. It can help the assembler to achieve better assemblies in terms of N50, NA50 and genome fraction.
La Visita: Prisons and Survival in Guatemala
Authors: Fontes Anthony W. , O'Neill Kevin L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBased largely on research completed in the North American context, scholars of prisons detail the multiple ways in which carceral practices extend beyond prison walls to transform a wide variety of spaces, ultimately assessing how carceral imaginaries inhabit the most intimate aspects of everyday life. In Latin America, this division between the inside and the outside of prison breaks down even further when read from the perspective of survival. Drawing on ethnographic research across Guatemala's penitentiary system, this article explores how the deep interdependencies that develop between male prisoners and female visitors sustain not just these prisoners and their visitors but also the prison system itself.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and clinically diagnosed obesity in adolescence and young adulthood: a register-based study in Sweden
Authors: Chen Qi , Hartman Catharina A. , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Faraone Stephen V. , Almqvist Catarina , Larsson Henrik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundA recent family study of young adult males suggests a shared familial liability between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high body mass index (BMI), and a genome-wide meta-analysis reported a genetic correlation of 0.26 between ADHD and BMI. To date, it is unclear whether these findings generalize to the relationship between ADHD and clinically diagnosed obesity.MethodBy linking the Swedish national registers, we identified 25 38 127 individuals born between 1973 and 2000, together with their siblings and cousins. The risk of clinical obesity in individuals with ADHD was compared with the risk in those without ADHD. The relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the association between ADHD and clinical obesity were examined via assessment of the familial co-aggregation of the two conditions and quantitative genetic analysis.ResultsIndividuals with ADHD were at an increased risk of clinical obesity compared with those without (risk difference 3.73%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.55–3.90%; risk ratio 3.05, 95% CI 2.95–3.15). Familial co-aggregation of ADHD and clinical obesity was detected and the strength of the co-aggregation decreased by decreasing genetic relatedness. The correlation between the liabilities to ADHD and clinical obesity can be entirely attributed to their genetic correlation (rg 0.30, 95% CI 0.17–0.44).ConclusionThe association between ADHD and clinical obesity in adolescence and young adulthood can be entirely attributed to genetic underpinnings shared by the two conditions. Children with ADHD should be monitored for weight gain so that preventive measures can be taken for those on a suboptimal trajectory.
Religion and International Responsibility
Authors: Gordis Robert 
Published: September 2018

It is of the essence of Biblical religion that no aspect of life, including the areas of national and international affairs, is isolated from the governance of God or exempt from the judgment of moral conscience. To relate international responsibilities to religious concerns means, therefore, to walk in the authentic Biblical tradition, and what is at least equally important, to utilize its insights for meeting the crisis of our times: such an approach would prove more successful than the immoral or amoral procedures which govern international affairs today.Historical analogies are notoriously misleading, but the Biblical experience affords a striking instance of die relevance of ethical standards for a practical national policy. The Hebrew prophets, who were uncompromising in demanding adherence to the ethical principle everywhere in human life, were far more realistic in their understanding of the international scene in their day than all the practical leaders of their time, the kings, the nobility, the military leaders, the international merchants and the statesmen, let alone the common people.
Politics and Utopia
Authors: Molnar Thomas 
Published: September 2018

The question of the Chinese off-shore islands is not, for the time being, a central issue. But this situation is not likely to last; the theatre of operations is quickly shifting from the Mediterranean to the Pacific and back, from Formosa to North Africa. Is this still the Cold War, is it the Third World War asjkmes Burnham calls it, or a new era of permanent conflicts, taking place in One World where three billion people are just too jnany to coexist?Whichever it is, die West must fight it on two fronts: on the wide world scene and, simultaneously, against those whose Utopian frame of mind, and consequent blindness to the realities of power, block the way of elementary realism.