bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Process Description language Level 1 Version 2.0
Authors: Rougny Adrien , Touré Vasundra , Moodie Stuart , Balaur Irina , Czauderna Tobias , Borlinghaus Hanna , Dogrusoz Ugur , Mazein Alexander , Dräger Andreas , Blinov Michael L. , Villéger Alice , Haw Robin , Demir Emek , Mi Huaiyu , Sorokin Anatoly , Schreiber Falk , Luna Augustin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) is an international community effort that aims to standardise the visualisation of pathways and networks for readers with diverse scientific backgrounds as well as to support an efficient and accurate exchange of biological knowledge between disparate research communities, industry, and other players in systems biology. SBGN comprises the three languages Entity Relationship, Activity Flow, and Process Description (PD) to cover biological and biochemical systems at distinct levels of detail. PD is closest to metabolic and regulatory pathways found in biological literature and textbooks. Its well-defined semantics offer a superior precision in expressing biological knowledge. PD represents mechanistic and temporal dependencies of biological interactions and transformations as a graph. Its different types of nodes include entity pools (e.g. metabolites, proteins, genes and complexes) and processes (e.g. reactions, associations and influences). The edges describe relationships between the nodes (e.g. consumption, production, stimulation and inhibition). This document details Level 1 Version 2.0 of the PD specification, including several improvements, in particular: 1) the addition of the equivalence operator, subunit, and annotation glyphs, 2) modification to the usage of submaps, and 3) updates to clarify the use of various glyphs (i.e. multimer, empty set, and state variable).
Quasi solution of a backward space fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Salehi Shayegan Amir Hossein , Zakeri Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, based on a quasi solution approach, i.e., a methodology involving minimization of a least squares cost functional, we study a backward space fractional diffusion equation.
To this end, we give existence and uniqueness theorems of a quasi solution in an appropriate class of admissible initial data.
In addition, in order to approximate the quasi solution, the finite element method is used.
Since the obtained system of linear equations is ill-posed, we apply TSVD regularization.
Finally, three numerical examples are given.
Numerical results reveal the efficiency and applicability of the proposed method.
Preliminary data on density and habitat of carnivores in two protected areas of Burkina Faso (West Africa)
Authors: Hema Emmanuel M. , Dialla Tinsgnimi , Sirima Djidama , Ouattara Yaya , Tou Ismael , Luiselli Luca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractApparent density [determined as kilometric index of abundance (KIA), by direct sightings and by droppings along line transects] and habitat use of some species of carnivore mammals were studied in two protected areas of Burkina Faso (Comoé-Leraba and Nazinga). Despite the fact that the dataset was collected throughout several years and with a very high field effort, the amount of data collected was relatively small, and confined just to a few species. There was no effect of the year on the average KIA estimates of the carnivores at this study area, and data from direct sightings along transects estimated lower densities than those coming from droppings collected along the same transects. In terms of habitat type, shrub savannah represented the best habitat type for carnivores, despite being relatively scarcely available along the line transects when compared with woody savannah (especially forCanis adustusandCivettictis civetta).
The Correspondence of Bohuslav Martinů with Josef Munclinger and his Comments on the Stage Direction of the Four-Part Opera Hry o Marii in the Collections of the National Museum
Authors: Jirglová Lucie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The collections of the Theatre Department at the National Museum in Prague contain a set of sources that allow us to see how Bohuslav Martinů participated in preparing productions of his stage works. This is a collection of the composer’s correspondence and comments on stage direction written on the occasion of the first Prague performance of the four-part opera Hry o Marii (The Plays of Mary), H 236 in 1936. The text publishes full transcripts of all of these sources with critical commentary. This involves two letters from Bohuslav Martinů addressed to Josef Munclinger, one letter from the management of the National Theatre in Prague to Bohuslav Martinů, and two lists of the composer’s comments on stage direction.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-(μ8-1,1′:2′,1′′-terphenyl-3,3′′,4′,5′-tetracarboxylato-κ8
O
1:O
2:O
3:O
4:O
5:O
6:O
7:O
8)dicopper(II)], C22H14Cu2O10
Authors: Li Wenjun , Mai Si Lang Jiu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
C22H14Cu2O10, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 8.7989(3) Å, b = 10.4284(3) Å, c = 23.6873(6) Å, V = 2173.51(11) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0398, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0969, T = 293(2) K.
Pressure pain thresholds in adults with patellofemoral pain and patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis: a case-control study
Authors: Bartholomew Clare , Edwards Laura , Lack Simon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) and patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (PFJOA) are common non-self-limiting conditions causing significant pain and disability. The underlying pain pathologies lack consensus with evidence suggesting reduced pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in adolescent females with PFP and individuals with knee osteoarthritis. A paucity of evidence exists for mixed-sex adults with PFP and PFJOA in isolation. Exploring if pain sensitisation is a dominant feature of PFP and PFJOA may have important implications for the delivery of a patient centred management approach. The primary aim was to measure local and remote PPTs in PFP and PFJOA patients compared to matched controls. Secondary aims were to evaluate the relationship between PPTs and (1) condition severity and (2) knee function.

Methods
13 PFP patients plus 20 matched controls and 15 PFJOA patients plus 34 matched controls were recruited from a UK mixed-sex adult population. Controls were matched on age, sex and activity level. Demographic details, Tegner activity level score, symptom duration, condition severity (Kujala and KOOS-PF scores for PFP and PFJOA, respectively) and knee function (Modified Whatman score rating of five single leg squats) were recorded. PPTs were measured at six sites: five local around the knee, one remote on the contralateral leg. Between-group differences were tested using a two-way mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures. Strength of association between PPTs and condition severity and knee function were tested using Spearman’s rank order correlation.

Results
No statistically significant difference in PPTs were observed between the PFP patients [F(1,31) = 0.687, p = 0.413, η2 = 0.022] or PFJOA patients [F(1,47) = 0.237, p = 0.629, η2 = 0.005] and controls. Furthermore, no correlation was found between PPTs and condition severity or knee function in PFP or PFJOA (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Results suggest mechanical pain sensitisation is not a dominant feature of UK mixed-sex adults with PFP or PFJOA.

Implications
PFP and PFJOA remain persistent pain complaints which may not be well explained by objective measures of sensitivity such as PPTs. The findings suggest that peripheral pain processing changes leading to pain sensitisation is not a key feature in PFP or PFJOA. Instead the underlying pain pathway is likely to remain primary nociceptive, possibly with a subgroup of patients who experience pain sensitisation and might benefit from a more targeted management approach.
The Thermodynamic and pH Metric Binding Studies of Cu+2 Ions with Egg Protein by Spectrometric and Diffusion Current Techniques
Authors: Acharya Shveta , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Transition metals have unique efficacy in catalyzing various industrial reactions and also in living system, the redox reaction and redox changes in the metal ions catalyzed valence changes in the substrate molecule. The survey of the existing literature revealed that the binding of Molybdenum, Vanadium, Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, Nickel and Cobalt with the protein is well known but no binding studies of copper metal with egg protein are reported. With a view to extend the existing knowledge of ecological nature of metal-protein system, it was thought of interest to investigate the properties of metal-protein mixture. Investigations on the aspects of these binding problems were planned and their bindings constants have been determined using suitable physico-chemical methods. The pH metric, diffusion current measurements, spectrophotometric methods have been used on the binding of copper ions with albumin. The effect of physico-chemical factors on interaction between divalent metal ion i.e. copper with albumin has been discussed. On the basis of observed results, it is found that the binding data were dependent on pH and temperature. From scatchard plots, the intrinsic association constants (k) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated and found high at lower pH and temperatures. Therefore, a lower temperature and lower pH offered more sites in the protein molecule for interaction with copper (II) ions. The enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) changes, free energy change (ΔG°) have been calculated.
«Muchas gracias por las felicitaciones a todos. Mehabeisemocionado.Lesdebo una copita»
Authors: Hernández Socas Elia , Hernández Arocha Héctor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the process of linguistic change recently detected in the pronominal system of the Spanish variety from the Canary Islands. According to a number of parameters which define the domain of study, such as age, gender, sociocultural level, origin, residence and possible influence of other varieties, the survey makes use of data extracted from the social network Facebook comments to try to find out to what extend the pronominal system generally used in the Canary Islands has undergone a relevant change and what kind of system(s) can best represent the linguistic competence of at least some part of this speech community. Finally, it discusses whether or not the attested change can be related to linguistic self-esteem problems or the influence of peninsular Spanish.
Auxiliar-Konstruktionen im llatí medieval katalanischer Urkunden (10.–13. Jh.) und in den Usatici Barchinonae / Usatges de Barcelona (12.–15. Jh.)
Authors: Meyer-Hermann Reinhard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The central object of the present research is the constituent order of head and modifier in auxiliary constructions, namely infinitive + finite auxiliary vs. finite auxiliary + infinitive and participle + finite auxiliary vs. finite auxiliary + participle. The texts under investigation are the llati medieval of Catalan diplomas of the 10th to 13th century, the Usatici Barchinonae of the 12th century and the Usatges de Barcelona of the 13th and 15th century. The issue is whether and to what extent the syntax of the documents edited in the llatí medieval and the Usatici Barchinonae shows features of the developing Catalan syntax, in which the order head + modifier, i.e. finite auxiliary + infinitive and finite auxiliary + participle, becomes the preferred argument structure.
Design and Manufacture of a Magnetorheological Brake System Applicable for Wheelchair Manipulations
Authors: Hasannasab Vahid , Bazargan-Lari Yousef 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) brake has been employed for a wide range of industrial applications such as automotive vehicles, robots, and haptic devices. In this article, we were mainly concerned with facilitating assistant devices for physically challenged people with the aid of developments in MR brake technology. Therefore, herein, an MR brake was manufactured for wheelchair handling capability. The main objective of this article was to design a low-weight brake that was capable of producing the necessary braking torque for handling or stopping a wheelchair. Numerical simulations based on the finite element method were employed to achieve the proper brake prototype. The main characteristics of the double disk MR brake obtained from numerical results were (i) 3 N.m braking torque when 120-turn coil current was 2 (Ampere. Turn), (ii) 9.5-kg weight, (iii) frustum shape coil design, and (iv) simple design with easy fabrication procedure. Thereafter, this prototype was manufactured, and an appropriate MR fluid was synthesized and utilized in the fabricated brake. The brake operation was examined, and the experimental results were compared with numerical ones. This comparison demonstrated that both results were in very good agreement with each other, which proved the validity of numerical and experimental procedures.
Two cases of thyroid gland invasion by upper mediastinal carcinoma
Authors: Yamazaki Haruhiko , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Okubo Yoichiro , Suganuma Nobuyasu , Masudo Katsuhiko , Nakayama Hirotaka , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka 
Published: June 2019

Summary
The objective this study is to report two cases of thyroid gland invasion by upper mediastinal carcinoma. Mediastinal tumors are uncommon and represent 3% of the tumors seen within the chest. In reports on mediastinal masses, the incidence of malignant lesions ranged from 25 to 49%. The thyroid gland can be directly invaded by surrounding organ cancers. We report these cases contrasting them to the case of a thyroid cancer with mediastinal lesions. Case 1 was a 73-year-old woman who was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma, and she underwent surgery and postoperative radioactive iodine. Case 2 was a 74-year-old man who was diagnosed with non-small-cell lung carcinoma, favor squamous cell carcinoma, and he underwent chemoradiotherapy. Case 3 was a 77-year-old man who was diagnosed a thymic carcinoma based on pathological findings and referred the patient to thoracic surgeons for surgical management. The images of the three cases were similar, and the differential diagnoses were difficult and required pathological examination. Primary thyroid carcinoma and invading carcinoma originating from the adjacent organs need to be distinguished because their prognoses and treatment strategies are different. It is important to properly diagnose them by images and pathological findings.

Learning points:

The thyroid gland in the anterior neck can be directly invaded by surrounding organ cancers.

Primary thyroid carcinoma and invading carcinoma originating from the adjacent organs need to be distinguished because their prognoses and treatment strategies are different.

It is important to properly diagnose by images and pathological findings.
New genetic findings in a large cohort of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Amato Lorena Guimaraes Lima , Montenegro Luciana Ribeiro , Lerario Antonio Marcondes , Jorge Alexander Augusto Lima , Guerra Junior Gil , Schnoll Caroline , Renck Alessandra Covallero , Trarbach Ericka Barbosa , Costa Elaine Maria Frade , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Latronico Ana Claudia , Silveira Leticia Ferreira Gontijo 
Published: June 2019

Context
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare condition caused by GnRH deficiency. Several genes have been associated with the pathogenesis of CHH, but most cases still remain without a molecular diagnosis. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed the simultaneous genotyping of several regions, faster, making possible the extension of the genetic knowledge of CHH.

Objective
Genetic characterization of a large cohort of Brazilian CHH patients.

Design and patients
A cohort of 130 unrelated patients (91 males, 39 females) with CHH (75 normosmic CHH, 55 Kallmann syndrome) was studied using a panel containing 36 CHH-associated genes.

Results
Potential pathogenic or probably pathogenic variants were identified in 43 (33%) CHH patients. The genes ANOS1, FGFR1 and GNRHR were the most frequently affected. A novel homozygous splice site mutation was identified in the GNRH1 gene and a deletion of the entire coding sequence was identified in SOX10. Deleterious variants in the IGSF10 gene were identified in two patients with reversible normosmic CHH. Notably, 6.9% of the patients had rare variants in more than one gene. Rare variants were also identified in SPRY4, IL17RD, FGF17, IGSF1 and FLRT3 genes.

Conclusions
This is a large study of the molecular genetics of CHH providing new genetic findings for this complex and heterogeneous genetic condition. NGS has been shown to be a fast, reliable and effective tool in the molecular diagnosis of congenital CHH and being able to targeting clinical genetic testing in the future.
Yaratıcı Dramanın Din Eğitiminde Ritüellerin Öğretimine Etkisi
Authors: TOSUN Aybiçe 
Published: June 2019

Dini ve kültürel ritüellerin aktarımı bireyin kişisel gelişimi ve toplumsal uyumu açısından önem taşımaktadır. Ritüellerin bireysel, kültürel ve toplumsal yönlerini keşfetme, anlama ve bu yolla içinde yaşanılan çevreyi anlamlandırma eğitimin amaçlarındandır. Eğitimde drama uygulamaları katılımcıların; yaratıcılık, eleştirel düşünme, empati kurma, iletişim becerilerini geliştirme, ötekini tanıma, farklılıklara saygı duyma gibi çeşitli yeterlik ve becerileri geliştirmelerine olanak sağlayan eğitim ortamları sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da ritüellerin yaratıcı drama yoluyla öğretiminin öğrenciler ve eğitim süreci üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla 16 ortaokul öğrencisinin katılımıyla abdest ve namaz, ramazan ayı ve oruç, kurban bayramı, Muharrem Ayı ve Aşure ve Hıdırellezritüellerinin merkeze alındığı yaratıcı drama oturumları gerçekleştirilmiş ve öğrencilerden odak grup görüşmesi yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Veriler tematik analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilerek gruplandırılmıştır. Oturumlar sonunda öğrencilerin; ritüellerle ilgili bilgilenme, ritüellerin kaynağını yorumlama, ritüellere katılmaya istekli olma ve ötekini tanıma kazanımlarına ulaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Yaratıcı drama ile ilgili temel kazanımlar ise aktif katılımın sağlanması, yaşam deneyimlerinin paylaşılması ve farklılıkların keşfedilmesi olarak şekillenmiştir.
“THE VIRTUOUS SERVANT OF GOD” - QUEEN KETEVAN
Authors: Betkhoshvili Dali 
Published: June 2019

The work analyzes
one of the problems from the poem “The Torture of Queen Ketevan”, which takes
the special place in the original work of King-Poet Teimuraz I. His artistic
heritage includes not only the original works, but also translated and adapted
ones from Persian literature which includes not only the secular, but spiritual
ones as well. Each problem is fed from
Christian and Biblical prospective, it is understood from the spiritual
prospective. It connects secular and spiritual issues very closely and clearly
demonstrates that every creature is one whole and inseparable part of the
world. The poem “The
Torture of Queen Ketevan” is the work of secular genre, it belongs to the Part
I of the century XVII, but it is written according to the Hagiography and it
has theoretical purpose, and the title “”Torture” indicates it, which reflects
the spiritual deed of a Queen, her martyr way of life mirroring her mission
full of national pain, protection of native land and belief, which she burdened
bravely on herself as a heavy cross, like Jesus Christ and executed it. Queen Ketevan
became “The Virtuous Servant of God”- Queen Ketevan”, as Teimuraz I, refers in
the poem “The Torture of Queen Ketevan” “She became a “Virtuous Servant of God”
(line. 23, 1) Teimuraz I, 1934: 128), Where her intensive work, started even
from her own land and then continued on the way which she, Queen, future martyr
and saint, had gone from Georgia, from the patronage of St. Virgin to Persia,
to the captivity of Shiraz, where she implements her mission more intensively,
with characterized courage she opposed to her enemy by implementing the
Christian kindness: pray, fasting, regretion, crying, faith to belief and
part-taking.For a believer
the way of regretting is the way of deeper understanding in spiritual world,
pray is the steps made on this way, kindness bringing a person closer to God, a
tear is the means for spiritual purification, which determines its being of a
believer.

Teimuraz I
demonstrated the work and torture of Queen Ketevan in the poem “The torture of
Queen Ketevan” and showed the way for better life of the nation in future.
NUMAN ÇELEBİ CİHANIN “ANT ETKENMEN” KIRIM TATAR MİLLİ MARŞ’ININ TARİH VE ANLAM İNCELEMESİ
Authors: GAFAROVA Ranetta 
Published: June 2019

Kırım
tarihi; acının, sürgünün, hüznün, baskının, zulmün; aynı zamanda da Kırım Tatarların
milli mücadelesinin tarihidir. Kırım Tatarlarının tarihi beş gelişme evresinden
oluşur: 1. Hanlık Dönemi (1441-1783), 2. Rus Hâkimiyeti: Kırım ilhakı
(1783-1917), 3. Rus Devrimi ve Erken Bolşevik Yönetimi Sırasında Kırım: Kırım
Tatar Cumhuriyeti (1917-1918), 4. 1944 yılı sürgünlük (1944-1987), 5. Vatana
Dönüş (1987’den günümüze). İlk üç evre Kırım Tatarlarının Milli Marşı’nda yer
almaktadır. Devletlerin tarihinde millî
marşlarının ayrı bir önemi vardır. Bu marşlar ait olduğu milletlerin kimliğini
yansıtır. Milli marş olarak kabul edildiği tarihten bu güne kadar, değişik
zaman ve zeminlerde, milletin büyük çoğunluğu tarafından saygıyla okunan ve
dinlenen bu eser, acaba, bizlere neler söylemek istiyor, hangi değerlere sahip
çıkmayı öğütlüyor, ne gibi hedefler gösteriyor? Bütün bu soruları, mümkün
mertebe tatminkâr bir şekilde cevaplayabilmek için geçmişte yapılan tarih ve
dil çalışmalarından da yararlanarak, ‘Ant Etkenmen’ başlıklı milli marşı dörtlükler
halinde ele alıp inceleyeceğiz.

Kırım
Tatar Millî marşının adı “Ant Etkenmen” ve onun şairi ilk Kırım Tatar Muhtar
Cumhuriyeti’nin başkanı Numan Çelebi Cihan’dır.

Çalışmamızda
bugün Kırım Tatarlarının Milli Marşı olan ve Numan Çelebi Cihan tarafından
1917’de kaleme alınan “Ant Etkenmen” (Ant Etmişim) şiiri başta olmak üzere
Kırım Tatar tarihinde önemli yeri olan şiirlerdeki ant içme / yemin etme motifi
değerlendirilecektir.

Çalışmamız,
Kırım Tatar milli marşının metninde sesiyle, sözüyle, ahengiyle, his, hayal ve
fikir dünyasıyla, lirizmiyle, vezin, kafiye ve nazım şekliyle, dil ve
üslubuyla, kısacası estetik yapısıyla mükemmel bir eser olarak incelemesini
yapmak ve onun sembolik dilini yorumlamak üzerine temellenmiştir. Metni incelerken
tarih disiplininin verilerinden de yararlanılarak yorumlama yapılmıştır.