bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common reasons for not accepting manuscripts for further processing after editor’s triage and initial screening
Authors: Jawaid Shaukat Ali , Jawaid Masood 
Published: December 2018

How to cite this:Jawaid SA, Jawaid M. Common reasons for not accepting manuscripts for further processing after editor’s triage and initial screening. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):1-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.28
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Influence of rearfoot alignment on static and dynamic postural stability
Authors: Fu Gan Quan , Wah Yu Chye , Sura Sreenivasulu , Jagadeesan Saravanan , Chinnavan Elanchezhian , Judson John Paul Evangel 
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: It has been postulated that foot alignment affects postural stability. However, previous studies reported contradicting results regarding the association between foot alignment and postural stability. Methods: A total of 216 healthy participants aged 15 to 24 years were recruited. Their rearfoot alignment was measured in non-weight bearing and weight-bearing positions. Their static balance was assessed using Balance Error Scoring System and dynamic balance by Star Excursion Balance Test. The relationship between the data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 22 software. Findings: A Pearson correlation with a 95% confidence interval reported that there was: (i) no significant difference in the rearfoot alignment between both genders; (ii) no significant relationship between the rearfoot alignment measured in prone lying and unilateral stance position; (iii) a weak negative correlation between the rearfoot alignment measured in prone lying position to dynamic balance on medial, posterior, lateral, anterolateral and posteromedial direction; (iv) no significant relationship between the rearfoot alignment measured in unilateral stance position to both static and dynamic postural balance. Conclusions: Rearfoot alignment measured in non-weight bearing position plays some role in postural stability and therefore should be considered in sports rehabilitation. However, this can be overlooked in rehabilitation for individuals whose postural stability is not the primary concern.
Housebound patients' experiences of a falls service provided by a team of community physiotherapists
Authors: Myrsep Anja , Thomson Di 
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: To explore the experiences of patients of a falls service provided by a community physiotherapy team to elderly, housebound people who have fallen. Methods: Six housebound elderly patients who had been referred to the service were interviewed in their own homes. The interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis framework was used to analyse the data. Codes were identified and developed into key themes that addressed the overall research question. Results: The analysis revealed that the participants presented with multiple risk factors including recurrent falls and comorbidities and were at high risk of falls. Exercise was understood to increase their mobility and the majority expressed a fear of falling. The participants appeared to have a limited understanding of the referral process, the cause of their falls and the interventions that may reduce their risk of falling. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary falls team, established and recognised as a central point of referral for the care of people who have fallen, could enhance the care of elderly, housebound people who have fallen. The team, with their specialist knowledge and understanding of the multifactorial nature of falls and appropriate interventions, could coordinate and monitor the assessments and interventions needed with the relevant professionals and services.
Assessment of attention function recovery in patients after stroke using sequential desk-top tasks
Authors: Tanikaga Miki , Muzuno Jumpei , Tanaka Masahiro , Hoshiyama Minoru 
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: The course of recovery of performance with attention function has not been sufficiently investigated during the period for rehabilitation after stroke. A sequential desk-top task was applied, whose performance required the spatiotemporal attention function step by step, to patients after stroke. The relationship between the sequential task and conventional assessments of cognitive function was also assessed. Methods: A sequential desk-top task with 13 levels of peg-carrying performance, which involved attention function, was applied to 24 patients with a disturbance of attention function after stroke. The outcomes of the sequential task were compared with the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part A and B, Hamamatsu type Japanese syllabary selection test sentence (Syllabary), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Ponsford's Attentional Rating Scale, and Functional Independence Measure. Findings: All participants showed significant progress in the level of the sequential desk-top task. The levels achieved in the sequential task were correlated with the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part A, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Syllabary, and Functional Independence Measure. Conclusions: The results of the sequential desk-top task suggested the recovery course of the attention function, and the results of the task predicted the functional recovery revealed by other test batteries.
Pharmazeutika im Trinkwasser
Authors: Büscher Christian 
Published: December 2018

Das soziale System der Krankenbehandlung erbringt nicht nur wesentliche Leistungen in der Gesellschaft, sondern externalisiert systemisch unerwünschte Folgen, z. B. Pharmazeutikarückstände in Gewässern. Diese nicht-intendierten Nebenfolgen resultieren aus unzähligen, alltäglichen Einzelhandlungen, die durch soziale Mechanismen des Umgangs mit Unsicherheit erst ermöglicht werden. Zur Entwicklung von Strategien zur Reduzierung von Pharmazeutikarückständen im Trinkwasser muss die Wirkmächtigkeit von Mechanismen wie Geldzahlungen, Autorität oder Vertrauen besser verstanden werden. Diese bewirken das Zustandekommen von Handlungen, lassen sich aber schwerlich zur Steuerung von erwünschtem Verhalten instrumentalisieren.
Diabetes and obesity during pregnancy are associated with oxidative stress genotoxicity in newborns
Authors: Castilla-Peon María F. , Medina Bravo Patricia Guadalupe , Sánchez-Urbina Rocío , Gallardo-Montoya Juan Manuel , Soriano-López Luis César , Coronel Cruz Fausto Moisés 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
To compare the level of oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage (genotoxicity) between the offspring of mothers with and without diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy and its association with maternal body mass index (BMI).

Methods
We measured 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), a marker of DNA oxidative damage, in venous umbilical cord plasma from newborns of mothers with (n=34) and without (n=56) diabetes diagnoses obtained during pregnancy. Two markers of oxidative stress – namely, nitric oxide degradation products (NOx) and total glutathione (GSH) – were quantified in both mothers and newborns. The effects of BMI, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), age and delivery mode were also analyzed.

Results
Newborns of mothers with diabetes during pregnancy exhibited higher levels of 8-OH-dG than those of mothers without diabetes (P<0.001). The other markers of oxidative stress were also higher in both mothers with diabetes and their newborns, with the exception of NOx in the mothers. The association of diabetes with 8-OH-dG was independent of other analyzed factors.

Conclusion
The offspring of mothers with diabetes during pregnancy are born with increased genotoxicity than the offspring of mothers without diabetes. BMI and HbA1c display an independent association with 8-OH-dG, particularly in the offspring of mothers not diagnosed with diabetes.
Implementing ELF-informed Activities in an Elementary Level English Preparatory Classroom
Authors: Sert Sibel , Özkan Yonca 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Upon the advocacy of the integration of English as a lingua franca, namely ELF, into English language teaching, some scholars (Hino & Oda, 2015) have focused on its possible implications for classroom settings. Implementing ELF-informed activities in an elementary level classroom within a norm-based educational setting, this study aimed to enable students to experience these activities, and explore their pre and post views regarding Standard English, the concepts of good English, and my English. In addition, it also investigated students’ preference for their educational setting after the implementation. The implementation took seven weeks and the activities were created by the researchers. Within a mixed method design, qualitative and quantitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews and two statement lists. The findings indicated that the majority of the students enjoyed the activities and their pre and post views regarding Standard English, good English and my English differ from each other. However, a substantial number of them preferred to be educated with Standard English in their language learning process. Findings also revealed that potential reasons behind this preference may be the domination of norm-based approach in their context, personal interests and prime objectives, and norm-based exams.
Coupling the Earth system model INMCM with the biogeochemical flux model
Authors: Chernov Ilya A. , Iakovlev Nikolay G. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the present paper we consider the first results of modelling the World Ocean biogeochemistry system within the framework of the Earth system model: a global atmosphere-ocean-ice-land-biogeochemistry model. It is based on the INMCM climate model (version INMCM39) coupled with the pelagic ecosystem model BFM. The horizontal resolution was relatively low: 2∘ × 2.5∘ for the ‘longitude’ and ‘latitude’ in transformed coordinates with the North Pole moved to land, 33 non-equidistant σ-horizons, 1 hour time step. We have taken into account 54 main rivers worldwide with run–off supplied by the atmosphere submodel. The setup includes nine plankton groups, 60 tracers in total. Some components sink with variable speed. We discuss challenges of coupling the BFM with the σ-coordinate ocean model. The presented results prove that the model output is realistic in comparison with the observed data, the numerical efficiency is high enough, and the coupled model may serve as a basis for further simulations of the long-term climate change.
EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS: HISTÓRIA E CONCEITOS
Authors: Lima Jacqueline de Cassia Pinheiro , De Oliveira Rosane Cristina , Siqueira Angelo Dos Santos , Felgueiras Ana Cláudia Moraes Leal 
Published: December 2018

A luta pela efetivação dos Direitos Humanos encontra na Educação em Direitos Humanos (EDH) sua culminância, constituindo o caminho eficaz para não apenas o conhecimento de dispositivos legais, mas principalmente a internalização da posição da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana como o centro de todo o ordenamento jurídico, devendo sua proteção e promoção ser um papel de todos, em especial do Estado. Essa compreensão naturalmente gera um empoderamento do indivíduo que se percebe como dotado de cidadania, sujeito de direitos, participante de uma Democracia que necessita de sua participação. A Educação em Direitos Humanos deve estar presente, deste modo, em todos os níveis e graus de ensino para que possamos educar nossa população para a construção da cultura da paz. Pois a EDH é essência para que exista uma consciência coletiva e social, participativa, cidadã.
Directional Selection Rather Than Functional Constraints Can Shape the G Matrix in Rapidly Adapting Asexuals
Authors: Gomez Kevin , Bertram Jason , Masel Joanna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGenetic covariances represent a combination of pleiotropy and linkage disequilibrium, shaped by the population’s history. Observed genetic covariance is most often interpreted in pleiotropic terms. In particular, functional constraints restricting which phenotypes are physically possible can lead to a stable G matrix with high genetic variance in fitness-associated traits, and high pleiotropic negative covariance along the phenotypic curve of constraint. In contrast, population genetic models of relative fitness assume endless adaptation without constraint, through a series of selective sweeps that are well described by recent traveling wave models. We describe the implications of such population genetic models for the G matrix when pleiotropy is excluded by design, such that all covariance comes from linkage disequilibrium. The G matrix is far less stable than has previously been found, fluctuating over the timescale of selective sweeps. However, its orientation is relatively stable, corresponding to high genetic variance in fitness-associated traits and strong negative covariance—the same pattern often interpreted in terms of pleiotropic constraints but caused instead by linkage disequilibrium. We find that different mechanisms drive the instabilities along vs. perpendicular to the fitness gradient. The origin of linkage disequilibrium is not drift, but small amounts of linkage disequilibrium are instead introduced by mutation and then amplified during competing selective sweeps. This illustrates the need to integrate a broader range of population genetic phenomena into quantitative genetics.
Simple Postoperative AKI Risk (SPARK) Classification before Noncardiac Surgery: A Prediction Index Development Study with External Validation
Authors: Park Sehoon , Cho Hyunjeong , Park Seokwoo , Lee Soojin , Kim Kwangsoo , Yoon Hyung Jin , Park Jiwon , Choi Yunhee , Lee Suehyun , Kim Ju Han , Kim Sejoong , Chin Ho Jun , Kim Dong Ki , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Lee Hajeong 
Published: December 2018

Background
Researchers have suggested models to predict the risk of postoperative AKI (PO-AKI), but an externally validated risk index that can be practically implemented before patients undergo noncardiac surgery is needed.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study of patients without preexisting renal failure who underwent a noncardiac operation (≥1 hour) at two tertiary hospitals in Korea. We fitted a proportional odds model for an ordinal outcome consisting of three categories: critical AKI (defined as Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes AKI stage ≥2, post-AKI death, or dialysis within 90 days after surgery), low-stage AKI (defined as PO-AKI events not fulfilling the definition of critical AKI), and no PO-AKI.

Results
The study included 51,041 patients in a discovery cohort and 39,764 patients in a validation cohort. The Simple Postoperative AKI Risk (SPARK) index included a summation of the integer scores of the following variables: age, sex, expected surgery duration, emergency operation, diabetes mellitus, use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors, baseline eGFR, dipstick albuminuria hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and hyponatremia. The model calibration plot showed tolerable distribution of observed and predicted probabilities in both cohorts. The discrimination power of the SPARK index was acceptable in both the discovery (c-statistic 0.80) and validation (c-statistic 0.72) cohorts. When four SPARK classes were defined on the basis of the sum of the risk scores, the SPARK index and classes fairly reflected the risks of PO-AKI and critical AKI.

Conclusions
Clinicians may consider implementing the SPARK index and classifications to stratify patients’ PO-AKI risks before performing noncardiac surgery.
Evidências de Validade da Versão Reduzida do Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (COPE) com Trabalhadores Brasileiros
Authors: Gonçalves Câmara Sheila , Carlotto Mary Sandra , Bedin Lívia Maria 
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Coping é definido como os esforços cognitivos e comportamentais para controlar, vencer, tolerar ou reduzir demandas internas e externas que excedem as capacidades da pessoa em termos de estresse. Este artigo propõe uma versão reduzida do Inventário COPE.Método: Participaram deste estudo transversal 524 trabalhadores de instituições localizadas em Porto Alegre e Região Metropolitana (RS), Brasil, selecionados por acessibilidade. Destes, 57,6% eram mulherescom idades entre 16 e 67 anos (M=30,7; DP=10). Como instrumentos foram utilizados o Inventario COPE e um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais. A validade de conteúdo foi analisada atravésdo método de juízes. A validade de construto foi analisada mediante análise fatorial confirmatória e confiabilidade.Resultados: Em termos da validade de conteúdo, os juízes confirmaram a abrangência teórica e conceitual da escala, considerando os elementos apropriados para avaliar coping. A análise fatorial confirmatória demonstrou índices de ajustes adequados para o modelo de três dimensões: RMSEA = 0,05 (I.C =0,04-0,06); CFI = 0,94 e alfas satisfatórios para o modelo composto por 18 itens, seis que avaliam estratégias de coping evitativo (? = 0,71), seis que avaliam as estratégias com foco na emoção (? = 0,78) e seis, estratégias com foco no problema (? = 0,81). Tais resultados indicam que a COPE possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas para o estudo do coping no Brasil.
Conclusões: O uso da versão reduzida do COPE pode contribuir para uma avaliação mais ágil e efetiva no que tange às estratégias de coping na realidade brasileira.
Inteligencias y sabidurías organizacionales: Redes de conocimiento en torno al aprendizaje de la complejidad
Authors: García Lirios Cruz 
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Explicar el desempeño de una red de conocimiento, entendida desde la psicología de la inclusión como un sistema de gestión, producción y transferencia entre las demandas del entorno y las capacidades de la organización.
Método: Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y correlacional con una selección muestral no probabilística de 300 administrativos, docentes y estudiantes de una universidad pública, considerando su interacción en prácticas profesionales. Se utilizó la Escala de Complejidad Organizacional de García (2016) el cual es una síntesis de 1) Inventario de Estrategias de Pensamiento (Torkamani & Mahmoudi, 2016); 2) Escala de Inteligencia Competitiva (Saleh, Rahimi y Amirnejad, 2015); 3) Cuestionario de Aprendizaje Organizacional (Erfani y Jafari, 2013) los cuales se procesaron con la técnica Delphi.
Resultados: El grado de aprendizaje de la red de conocimiento siguió un patrón selectivo ya que, las posibles combinaciones de las redes de conocimiento sugieren que la capa de entrada al estar regulada porla capa intermedia refleja, en la capa de salida; una gestión, producción y transferencia de conocimiento en función de las tareas más que de los objetivos o las metas. Se advierte la emergencia de una inteligencia organizacional centrada en cuatro factores: Autoregulación, disipación, adaptabilidad y dinamismo.
Conclusión: Se advierten líneas de investigación alusivas a las posibles relaciones entre factores tales como la motivación al logro, la utilidad esperada o la facilidad de llevar a cabo una tarea en red como determinantes del clima de tareas, principal factor emergente de la red de conocimiento.
Transmasseteric antero-parotid approach through modified preauricular lazy ‘S’ incision for management of mandible condylar fractures: a prospective study
Authors: Duda Kusuma , R Gaddipati , S Ramsetti , B Suvvada 
Published: December 2018

To report the surgical details and results of our technique of Transmasseteric antero-parotid approach (TMAP) through modified preauricular lazy ‘S’ incision for management of mandibular condylar fractures. This was an observational analysis of 65 patients where 25 patients were treated with conventional preauricular approach, 25 patients with closed reduction and 15 patients with a mean age of 29.4 years with condylar fractures were treated by TMAP technique between September 2016 to June 2018. Aim of the study was to evaluate the proficiency of TMAP approach for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of condylar fracture. The only complication which was noticed was sialocele formation and managed by drainage. TMAP is versatile since it avoids facial nerve damage as it involves identification and preservation of facial nerve and has less chances of post-operative complications related to facial nerve injury. The accessibility achieved by this approach is fair enough to facilitate anatomic reduction and fixation of condyle.
Crisis de régimen, autoritarismo subnacional y reforma penal en México
Authors: Olvera Rivera Alberto Javier 
Published: December 2018

Este artículo debate el equívoco diagnóstico de que el fracaso de la reforma penal y el agravamiento de la crisis de seguridad y justicia en México son, ante todo, la consecuencia del diseño legal e institucional fallido del sistema de justicia. Usando conceptos de la antropología y la sociología políticas, y por medio de una reinterpretación histórica del lugar y las funciones del sistema de justicia en el régimen autoritario, se demuestra que el colapso institucional y la incapacidad del Estado para controlar la violencia criminal son el resultado de la persistente subordinación política del sistema de justicia al Poder Ejecutivo, de su deliberada precariedad institucional y su captura por intereses privados y actores delincuenciales. La inoperancia estructural del sistema de justicia se ha reproducido en el ciclo de la transición a la democracia y se ha agravado en el contexto de un federalismo conservador constituido por regímenes autoritarios subnacionales, los cuales constituyen el principal obstáculo de una auténtica reforma de la justicia.
Compreensão sobre a epistemologia da ciência apresentada por estudantes da Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica da UFV
Authors: Alves Márcio Oliveira , Flôr Cristhiane Carneiro Cunha , Souza Vinícius Catão de Assis 
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho avaliou o posicionamento epistemológico de treze pós-graduandos em Agroquímica da UFV. A opção por trabalhar com essa amostra se justifica pelo fato deles já estarem, a princípio, familiarizados com os procedimentos adotados no meio acadêmico/científico. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na aplicação de um questionário com proposições atribuídas a alguns cientistas e filósofos da Ciência, abordando questões epistemológicas relativas ao desenvolvimento científico, as metodologias utilizadas no processo de pesquisa, ao comportamento dos indivíduos que compõem uma certa comunidade científica e, principalmente, ao modo como ocorre a interação entre os cientistas e seus objetos de conhecimento/investigação. Apesar de apresentar enunciados dos defensores do Positivismo, foi possível concluir que o realismo ingênuo e a metodologia rígida, características dessa corrente, não teve aceitação perante os pós-graduandos, apesar de o pensamento empirista parecer estar ainda enraizado no mundo científico atual.doi: https://doi.org/10.18540/2446941602012016039