bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of donor age, body mass index, hemoglobin, and smoking status with in‐hospital mortality and length of stay among red blood cell–transfused recipients
Authors: Roubinian Nareg H. , Westlake Matt , St. Lezin Elizabeth M. , Edgren Gustaf , Brambilla Don J. , Lee Catherine , Bruhn Roberta , Cable Ritchard G. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Glynn Simone A. , Kleinman Steve , Murphy Edward L. ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDRecent publications have reported conflicting findings regarding associations of blood donor demographics and mortality of transfused patients. We hypothesized that the analysis of additional donor characteristics and consideration of alternative outcomes might provide insight into these disparate results.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe analyzed data from a retrospective cohort of transfused patients from the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III). We used stratified Cox regression models to estimate associations between blood donor characteristics and hospital mortality and posttransfusion length of stay among patients transfused red blood cell (RBC) units. Donor characteristics evaluated included age, body mass index, hemoglobin levels, and smoking status. The statistical analyses were adjusted for recipient factors, including total number of transfusions.RESULTSWe studied 93,726 patients in 130,381 hospitalizations during which 428,461 RBC units were transfused. There were no associations between blood donor characteristics and hospital mortality. Receipt of RBC units from donors less than 20 years of age was associated with a shorter hospital length of stay (hazard ratio for discharge per transfused unit, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.02‐1.04; p < 0.001) but not for other donor characteristics.CONCLUSIONWe found no evidence of associations between blood donor factors and in‐hospital mortality. Our finding of shorter hospital length of stay in patients transfused RBCs from younger donors is intriguing but requires confirmation. Future collaborations are needed to develop a framework of appropriate methodologic approaches to be used in linked analyses across large cohorts.
Interventions and experience after complicated total cystectomy in a dog with transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Skinner Owen T. , Boston Sarah E. , Maxwell Paige L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report surgical and postoperative management of complicated total cystectomy in a dog with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).Study designCase report.AnimalsOne male neutered Shetland sheepdog.MethodsThe dog was presented after a 1‐month history of stranguria, unresponsive to oral antibiotic therapy. A craniodorsal bladder mass was identified by computed tomography (CT), and partial cystectomy was performed with 1‐cm gross lateral margins (day 1). Results of histopathology provided evidence for a diagnosis of TCC, and the dog was treated with adjuvant mitoxantrone. The dog presented with uroperitoneum on day 67 after recurrence and spontaneous perforation. Total cystectomy and ureterourethral anastomosis were performed. Ureteral obstruction developed after removal of catheters that had been placed intraoperatively. Surgical revision included resection of the anastomosis site, bilateral ureteral stenting, and transection and reorientation of the distal urethra to facilitate tension‐free closure. Postoperative leakage was managed with bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement.ResultsThe dog was discharged on day 88. Adjuvant treatment with vinblastine was pursued. Local recurrence was noted at day 154. Subcutaneous ureteral bypass was performed on day 247 to manage repeat obstruction. Repeated urinary tract infections were subsequently encountered. The dog was euthanized on day 368 because of abdominal discomfort and inappetence, with evidence of progressive urethral, ureteric, and abdominal wall TCC.ConclusionComplicated cystectomy can be managed to provide survival comparable to previous reports regarding total cystectomy.Clinical significanceNephrostomy tube placement, ureteral stenting, and subcutaneous ureteral bypass may be considered to manage complicated cystectomy. Preemptive stenting or urinary diversion may help prevent complications.
Examination of laryngeal function of healthy dogs by using sedation protocols with dexmedetomidine
Authors: DeGroot Whitney D. , Tobias Karen M. , Browning Danielle C. , Zhu Xiaojuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability to evaluate laryngeal function under sedation with dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with opioids.Study designRandomized, crossover, blinded study.AnimalsEight adult research hounds weighing 8 to 22.5 kg.MethodsDogs were sedated with propofol, dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine and butorphanol, or dexmedetomidine and hydromorphone. Digital images were collected with video laryngoscopy before and after doxapram administration. Maximal inspiratory normalized glottal gap (GGAn) and laryngeal motion were compared between and within protocols before and after doxapram by using a difference of least squares mean.ResultsNormal laryngeal function was confirmed in all dogs with all protocols except propofol, which resulted in two false positive results. No difference between protocols was detected for predoxapram GGAn. Postdoxapram GGAn was greater than predoxapram GGAn for all four sedation protocols (P ≤ .0030). Compared with propofol, postdoxapram GGAn was greater for all three dexmedetomidine protocols (P ≤ .0420).ConclusionDexmedetomidine alone or in combination with opioids was an effective sedation protocol for laryngeal examination, producing sufficient immobilization to prevent jaw motion and without affecting arytenoid abduction.Clinical significanceDexmedetomidine sedation does not inhibit normal laryngeal motion. Laryngeal examination with propofol alone can produce false positive results.
Ageing augments nicotinic and adenosine triphosphate‐induced, but not muscarinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in women
Authors: Fujii Naoto , McGarr Gregory W. , Sigal Ronald J. , Boulay Pierre , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: October 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does ageing augment muscarinic, nicotinic and/or ATP‐mediated cutaneous vasodilatation in women?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Ageing augments nicotinic and ATP‐induced, but not muscarinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in women. This will stimulate future studies assessing the pathophysiological significance of the augmented microvascular responsiveness in older women compared to their young counterparts.

AbstractWe previously reported that ageing attenuates adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐induced, but not muscarinic and nicotinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in men, and that ageing may augment cutaneous vascular responses in women. In the present study, we evaluated the hypothesis that ageing augments muscarinic, nicotinic and/or ATP‐mediated cutaneous vasodilatation in healthy women. In 11 young (23 ± 5 years) and 11 older (60 ± 8 years) women, cutaneous vascular conductance was evaluated at three forearm skin sites that were perfused with (1) methacholine (muscarinic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 0.0125, 0.25, 5, 100, 2000 mm), (2) nicotine (nicotinic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 1.2, 3.6, 11, 33, 100 mm), or (3) ATP (purinergic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, 300 mm). Each agonist was administered for 25 min per dose. Methacholine‐induced increases in cutaneous vascular conductance were not different between groups at all doses (all P > 0.05). However, a nicotine‐induced elevation in cutaneous vascular conductance at the lowest concentration (1.2 mm) was greater in older vs. young women (43 ± 15 vs. 26 ± 10%max, P = 0.04). ATP‐induced increases in cutaneous vascular conductance at moderate and high doses (3 and 30 mm) were also greater in older relative to young women (3 mm, 44 ± 11 vs. 28 ± 10%max, P = 0.02; 30 mm, 83 ± 14 vs. 64 ± 17%max, P = 0.05). Therefore, ageing augments nicotinic and ATP‐induced, but not muscarinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in women.
Steady-State Availability Estimation of Semitransparent Photovoltaic System
Authors: Beniwal Ruby , Beniwal N. S. , Tiwari G. N. , Gupta H. O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an approach for computing the long duration availability of semitransparent photovoltaic system by steady-state analysis. This method employs the Markov process with constant transition rates and different degradation states for similar components and fixed configuration. In this research, average output power from modules is presented, which is considered in the same state with respect to the constant transient transition rate and variable repair rate. The output energy for 20 years with transition and absorbing time of single semitransparent photovoltaic module has been estimated for steady-state condition. This method includes all possibilities of failures associated with the operation of the semitransparent photovoltaic system.
Energy and Thermal Performance of Social Housing: Analysis of Heat Flow Through the Envelope and Comparison With International Schemes
Authors: Romero-Perez Claudia K. , Rodriguez-Muñoz Norma A. , Borbon-Almada Ana C. , Alpuche-Cruz M. Guadalupe , Martin-Dominguez Ignacio R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some of the greatest potentials for improving building energy efficiency are found in the residential sector. Social housing, in particular, has drawn heavy research interest because it affects the welfare of large populations, is the source of significant energy consumption, and has outsize importance in the construction and regulatory sectors. Energy regulation in Mexico focuses on reducing the energy needed to cool buildings down, neglecting the importance of heating buildings built in the colder regions of the country. To address this gap, the present work focuses on the thermal behavior of social housing in the regions of Mexico with cold semi-arid climate. We found that thermal discomfort inside houses is primarily driven by low temperatures. We calculated annual heat flows in houses, visualizing heat gains and losses through each part of the building envelopes, and found that the highest heat flows occur through the floor. We also found that windows have the greatest heat transfer per unit area of all construction elements. We estimated the energy that each building would require if heating and air conditioning were used throughout the year to bring indoor temperatures within the range of thermal comfort. Finally, we used evaluation schemas from several countries to evaluate the energy demand per unit area (kWh/m2) of several local houses in a typical year. The houses analyzed here presented low scores under these schemas.
Modeling and Control of a Planetary Compound System Under External Magnetic Load
Authors: Candelino Nicholas , Jalili Nader , Jiang Nianyu , Brassitos Elias 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many experimental setups that are used in characterizing gear and rotor dynamics employ noncontact hysteresis brakes to control the load torque as opposed to employing a clutch-type brake mechanism. Although hysteresis brakes are highly reliable maintenance-free torque resisting instruments, the presence of minor cogging torques within the brake is shown to physically mask the gear dynamics by causing a bistable region in the speed response function that is otherwise nonexistent. This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics of this experimental arrangement in detail and lays out a simulation-based tuning method for employing robust-adaptive sliding mode control (RASMC) to improve the speed response function of the gear drive. A global dynamic model is constructed from a set of piecewise-affine models that are experimentally validated over their applicable dynamic ranges. A proportional–integral (PI) controller is further developed and numerically tuned based on the global dynamics and is shown to compare well with the RASMC performance, testifying to the high fidelity of affine experimental models under limited information of the underlying analytical dynamics.
Resistance Training and the Effect of Load Blinding in Multiple Repetition Maximum Tests
Authors: Grandolfi Kamila , Sosciarelli Vandre , Polito Marcos 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To compare performance in successive 1-repetition maximum (1RM) tests with the load known or unknown. Methods: Thirty-two resistance-trained men were randomly divided into 2 groups: load blinding (BLI; n = 16; age 28.1 [6.9] y, body mass 83.1 [11.5] kg, height 175.3 [5.8] cm) and load nonblinding (nBLI; n = 16; age 27.7 [4.1] y, body mass 83.2 [12.8] kg, height 178.7 [7.3] cm). The groups performed a 1RM test during 4 days (with an interval of 24–48 h) in the horizontal bench press with free weight. Results: In the BLI, there were no significant changes throughout the tests, with a difference of 1.6% between the first and fourth 1RM tests. In the nBLI, there was a significant interaction with time, and the values of the second (P = .03), third (P = .02), and fourth (P = .01) tests were higher than the first test; in addition, the fourth test was significantly higher than the second test (P = .02). The percentage difference between the last and first 1RM tests was 7.1%. The comparison between the groups demonstrated differences in the third (P = .04) and fourth (P = .02) tests with higher values in the nBLI. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the first and fourth 1RM tests was .93 for the BLI and .91 for the nBLI. Conclusion: BLI does not influence 1RM testing in the bench press exercise.
Pre-Mississippian stratigraphy and provenance of the North Slope of Arctic Alaska II: Basinal rocks of the northeastern Brooks Range and their significance in circum-Arctic evolution
Authors: Strauss Justin V. , Johnson Benjamin G. , Colpron Maurice , Nelson Lyle L. , Perez Joshua L. , Benowitz Jeff A. , Ward William P. , McClelland William C. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Neoproterozoic–Early Devonian(?) northeast Brooks Range basinal succession of northern Alaska and Yukon represents a peri-Laurentian deep-marine carbonate and siliciclastic succession within the composite Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate. The basal Firth River Group consists of a mixed siliciclastic and carbonate succession that is divided into the informal Redwacke Creek, Malcolm River, and Fish Creek formations. New U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology and δ13Ccarb and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic data from these strata, in combination with previously reported and new trace fossil discoveries, suggest the Firth River Group is Cryogenian(?)–middle(?) Cambrian in age. These strata interfinger with or are depositionally overlain by the siliciclastic-dominated lower Cambrian–Middle Ordovician(?) Neruokpuk and Leffingwell (new name) formations, which potentially record a distal expression of Cambrian extension and condensed passive margin sedimentation along the northern margin of Laurentia. All of these units are unconformably overlain by the synorogenic Clarence River Group, which is divided into the informal Aichilik and Buckland Hills formations. New U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology and previous macrofossil collections suggest the Clarence River Group is Late Ordovician-Early Devonian(?) in age. Here, we present new sedimentological observations, stratigraphic subdivisions, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry, detrital muscovite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and carbonate δ13Ccarb and 87Sr/86Sr isotope geochemistry from the basinal succession that revise previous tectono-stratigraphic models for this part of Arctic Alaska and support correlations with age-equivalent strata in the Franklinian basin of the Canadian Arctic Islands and Greenland.
Rerouting water: Understanding and managing urban hydrology in historic Charleston
Authors: Guinn Wallover C. , Callahan Timothy J. , Scaroni Amy E. , Counts Morganello Kimberly 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The built environment of peninsular Charleston, South Carolina, has been strongly influenced by the ethos of architectural preservation. However, increased frequency of storm and tide-related flooding has been affecting property and public services, and threatens human and environmental health. Management processes for excess water in this urban area must adapt to the challenges resulting from historic development including the fill of tidal creek systems, sea-level rise, and the influence of large storm events on drainage infrastructure. The City of Charleston has adopted several strategies to manage flooding and encourage progressive development. Large-scale drainage improvement projects capitalize on a geologic framework that provides for deep tunnel excavation and drainage system construction. Novel approaches in zoning codes provide some incentives for land owners to use lower impact design techniques in return for more flexible design standards. This field tour will guide participants through this historic city, and will provide a glimpse of the geologic setting, development history, and environmental pressures that have compelled the city’s proactive stormwater management.
Neoichnology of Edisto Island, South Carolina: Eat, prey, love, burrow
Authors: Martin Anthony J. , Kelley Patricia H. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Edisto Island, South Carolina, offers a wide range of coastal environments, including maritime forests, back-dune meadows, primary dunes, berms, intertidal beaches, salt marshes, tidal creeks, and storm-washover fans. Each environment is characterized by a different suite of invertebrate and vertebrate traces. Trace assemblages also differ among undeveloped, moderately developed, and overdeveloped shorelines. Field-trip participants will observe tracks, burrows, borings, predation traces, and other traces in sediments, shells, and wood, and learn how modern traces can inform interpretations of trace fossils. We will also consider how ongoing anthropogenic change may limit applications of neoichnology to trace fossils by affecting trace distribution, diversity, and abundance.
Northern segment of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer
Authors: Jones Ian C. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The northern segment of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer is an important source of water for municipalities, industry, and landowners in central Texas. Rapid population growth in this part of Texas has increased interest in the north segment of the aquifer and heightened concerns about groundwater availability. The aquifer consists of Cretaceous limestone stratigraphic units that crop out along its western margin and dip toward the east. Groundwater primarily flows from the aquifer outcrop recharge zones toward discharge zones along perennial rivers and streams in the outcrop area and to a lesser extent toward deeper parts of the aquifer, eventually discharging by cross-formational flow to overlying stratigraphic units, such as the Del Rio Clay, Buda Limestone, and Austin Chalk. Groundwater isotope compositions in the aquifer indicate that groundwater flow is most active in the unconfined parts of the aquifer and that most recharge occurs during late fall and winter months, even though highest monthly precipitation occurs during the spring.
Pumping from the northern segment of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer is ~6.8 × 107 L/d, having peaked at ~1.0 × 108 L/d in 2004, but still up from ~3.4 × 107 L/d in the 1980s. Most of this pumping (~90%) is for municipal uses. However, in the rural northern and heavily urbanized southern parts of the aquifer, domestic and manufacturing uses, respectively, account for a significant portion of total pumping.
The Washita Prairie segment of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer
Authors: Yelderman Joe C. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Washita Prairie segment of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer is a shallow unconfined aquifer that supports several historical springs, perennial streamflow to Lake Waco, and water for rural households and livestock. Secondary porosity in the aquifer is from neotectonic fractures and epikarst in the Georgetown and Edwards Formations. The fractures produce an “effective” porosity of ~1%. Thin soils allow rapid recharge, as indicated by water-level responses in wells within 24 h of rainfall events. Discharge is generally along second-order streams; topography is the dominant influence on groundwater flow direction. The interbedded clays in the Georgetown Formation create a preferred horizontal to vertical anisotropy. The fractured nature of the aquifer produces local heterogeneity, but regionally, the aquifer acts as a diffuse rather than conduit flow system. Weathering results in a layered flow system with greater effective porosity and permeability in an upper zone compared to the deeper zone. Washita Prairie springs are perennial, with discharges generally &lt;0.05 m3/s. The groundwater is calcium bicarbonate facies with total dissolved solids (TDS) &lt;500 mg/L in most springs and shallow-zone wells. Water quality in deeper wells is more variable, as these encounter the deeper flow system with slower circulation and higher TDS. The shallow water table and rapid recharge through fractures allow surface activities to impact water quality, and nitrate levels appear to be elevated above average background values in places. The Washita Prairie segment of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer may be able to supply over 50,000,000 m3 of sustainable water on an annual basis with continued study and proper management.
Climate variability, climate change, and Edwards Aquifer water fluxes
Authors: Loáiciga* Hugo A. , Schofield* Madeline 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer is a high-yield aquifer that provides water for municipal, military, irrigation, domestic, and livestock uses in south-central Texas, and it discharges to several springs that support groundwater ecosystems. Natural water cycling in the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer is driven by recharge, which depends on precipitation and runoff over the catchment area and recharge zone of the aquifer. This chapter analyzes the water fluxes in the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer and how they vary with climatic variability and might vary with modern-age climatic change. This work also evaluates the safe yield of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer under historic climatic conditions, which is ~400 thousand acre · feet, or 493 × 106 m3, annually. These results have implications for aquifer groundwater extraction and human and environmental water requirements, such that future groundwater extraction must be adaptive to precipitation and recharge fluctuations to preserve groundwater ecosystems.