bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific Productivity and Cancer-Related Mortality: A Case Study of a Positive Association in Colombia
Authors: Bravo-Linares David , Acevedo-Melo Andrés M. , Ruiz-Patiño Alejandro , Ricaurte Luisa , Lucio-Arias Diana , Cardona Andrés F. 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSECancer morbidity represents an increasing public health issue; this worldwide phenomenon also is true for emerging upper-middle-income countries, such as Colombia. The main purpose of this study was to uncover the relationship between scientific productivity and cancer-related mortality in our setting.METHODSWe conducted a temporal-trend ecologic study by means of bibliometric analysis from records of publications from SCOPUS database with Colombian institutional affiliations between 2000 and 2015. Productivity and overall mortality were estimated and compared using econometric modeling to identify potential correlations. Additional exploratory analyses per six most frequent cancer sites were performed.RESULTSOf 2,645 publication records retrieved, 1,464 (55.3%) met selection criteria to be classified as Colombian scientific production (interobserver agreement, 92.96%; κ = 0.859; 95% CI, 0.800 to 0.918). Overall, 79.6% of the records corresponded to original or in-press articles; furthermore, almost half (49.7%) embodied descriptive study designs. Selected records reported a median of five authors and three different affiliations per publication; 66% had been cited at least once up to September 2017. The most-studied cancer-specific locations were cervix (16.1%), breast (11.5%), and stomach (9.8%), but nonspecific locations had the largest combined participation (23.4%). An increasing trend in scientific productivity was correlated to decreasing trend in overall cancer mortality, which was reported as an inverse proportional relationship in the linear regression modeling ( r = −0.958; P < .001). Graphic analyses per cancer-specific sites revealed heterogeneous behaviors of this relationship.CONCLUSIONColombian cancer-specific scientific productivity demonstrated a steady growth as opposed to a decreasing mortality trend in the recent years. The research output is predominantly descriptive with relatively low interinstitutional partnership and low impact in the international scientific community.
Special Section: Transnational Feminist Strikes and Solidarities
Authors: McGlazer Ramsey 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This special section gathers activist texts and theoretical reflections on the International Women's Strike of March 8, 2017. Contributors from Turkey, Argentina, Poland, and Italy consider the strike's implications and effects, emphasizing the ways in which it both indexes and advances, both speaks to and spurs, a radical re-politicization of feminism. Texts by Rita Segato and Françoise Vergès provide critical frameworks for understanding this process. All of the texts collected here—essays, dispatches, chronicles, manifestos, and an interview—indicate the urgency and the promise of a feminism that refuses racism, capitalist exploitation, environmental depredation, and state violence.
Phosphorylation of importin-α1 by CDK1–cyclin B1 controls mitotic spindle assembly
Authors: Guo Li , Mohd Khamsah Suryati , Ren He , Xin Guangwei , Jiang Qing , Clarke Paul R. , Zhang Chuanmao 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Importin-α serves as an adaptor linking importin-β to proteins carrying a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). During interphase, this interaction enables nuclear protein import, while in mitosis it regulates spindle assembly factors (SAFs) and controls microtubule nucleation, stabilization and spindle function. Here, we show that human importin-α1 is regulated during the cell cycle and is phosphorylated at two sites (threonine 9 and serine 62) during mitosis by the major mitotic protein kinase CDK1–cyclin B. Mutational analysis indicates that the mitotic phosphorylation of importin-α1 inhibits its binding to importin-β and promotes the release of TPX2 and KIFC1, which are then targeted like importin-β to the spindle. Loss of importin-α1 or expression of a non-phosphorylated mutant of importin-α1 results in the formation of shortened spindles with reduced microtubule density and induces a prolonged metaphase, whereas phosphorylation-mimicking mutants are functional in mitosis. We propose that phosphorylation of importin-α1 is a general mechanism for the spatial and temporal control of mitotic spindle assembly by CDK1–cyclin B1 that acts through the release of SAFs such as TPX2 and KIFC1 from inhibitory complexes that restrict spindle assembly.
Targeting cancer stem cells: protons versus photons
Authors: Dini Valentina , Belli Mauro , Tabocchini Maria Antonella 
Published: August 2019

Recent studies on cancer stem cells revealed they are tumorigenic and able to recapitulate the characteristics of the tumour from which they derive, so that it was suggested that elimination of this population is essential to prevent recurrences after any treatment. However, there is evidence that cancer stem cells are inherently resistant to conventional (photon) radiotherapy. Since the use of proton beam therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly worldwide, mainly because of their excellent dosimetric properties, the possibility could be considered that they also have biological advantages through preferential elimination of cancer stem cells.
Indeed, a review of preclinical data suggest that protons and photons differ in their biological effects on cancer stem cells, with protons offering potential advantages, although the heterogeneity of cancer stem cells and the different proton irradiation modalities make the comparison of the results not so easy. Further research to understand the mechanisms underlying such effects is important for their possible exploitation in clinics and to perform proton beam therapy optimization.
Caring for the carer of someone who has had a stroke: findings from an innovative project
Authors: Jarvis Alison , Smith Mark , McAlpine Lynsey , Gillespie David C 
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims Going into and coming out of hospital can be an uncertain and sometimes emotional experience for carers as well as patients. Many carers feel insufficiently involved and unsupported in the discharge process. However, we know that if hospital discharge is well-planned and the right services put in place then there is a much greater likelihood of the cared for person remaining at home with carer support and the carer feeling able to continue in their caring role. The aim of this article is to analyse an intervention that provided unpaid stroke carers with tailored support to meet their needs and prepare them for the discharge of their stroke survivor. Methods A carer support worker focused on the needs of carers of inpatients in an integrated stroke unit. The impact of the service was measured using the Caregiver Strain Index and the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, together with carer self-ratings as to whether and/or how their needs were met. Results The most common outcomes, in order of reported importance were: confidence in accessing services, confidence in caring, requiring specific information, and the ability to improve or maintain their own wellbeing. Bed days saved and reductions in post-discharge packages of care were estimated. The median reduction in length of stay was 9 days, and potential savings were calculated at £35 367 during the 19-month study period. Conclusions A dedicated support service for unpaid stroke carers was effective in addressing carers' unmet needs and delivered health care cost savings.
Diagramas na aprendizagem de projeto industrial em engenharia de alimentos
Authors: Piras Pablo Rodrigo Fica 
Published: August 2019

Sete estudantes desenvolveram, em uma disciplina conectada com a elaboraçãodo Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso em Engenharia de Alimentos, durante trêsaulas semanais, o projeto de uma indústria e um serviço de alimentação vis-à-vis a representação visual de cada unidade em diagramas. Foram indagadas asreflexões que cada diagrama (de blocos, de equipamentos, lay-out, de gastoenergético e isométrico de instalações) possibilitou no desenvolvimento de umaestrutura industrial de beneficiamento de alimentos, em projetos de unidades deprodução de queijo recheado, pão sem glúten, polpa detox, vegetais minimamente processados, iogurte e queijo, floco de milho e alimentação fora do lar. Com número diferente de respostas para cada um, todas as avaliações da utilização de fluxogramas na concepção dos diferentes projetos em elaboração confirmaram o estímulo à antecipação do detalhamento e harmonização de detalhes industriais. Além da intervinculação entre diagramas, houve menções às percepções quepermitiram aproximar-se do projeto industrial,:a internalização ou externalização de etapas no processamento (fluxograma de blocos), as especificações de equipamentos (blocos e equipamentos), a identificação da natureza matricial das entradas e saídas (blocos e equipamentos), a necessidade de novos equipamentos (energia) e o transporte no processamento de grandes volumes de material (isométrico).
Ethics for Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Gronowski Ann M , Budelier Melissa M , Campbell Sheldon M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Laboratory medicine, like other areas of medicine, is obliged to adhere to high ethical standards. There are particular ethical issues that are unique to laboratory medicine and other areas in which ethical issues uniquely impact laboratory practice. Despite this, there is variability in ethics education within the profession. This review provides a foundation for the study of ethics within laboratory medicine.

CONTENT
The Belmont Report identifies 3 core principles in biomedical ethics: respect for persons (including autonomy), beneficence (and its corollary nonmalfeasance), and justice. These core principles must be adhered to in laboratory medicine. Informed consent is vital to maintain patient autonomy. However, balancing patient autonomy with the desire for beneficence can sometimes be difficult when patients refuse testing or treatment. The use of leftover or banked samples is fundamental to the ability to do research, create reference intervals, and develop new tests, but it creates problems with consent. Advances in genetic testing have created unique ethical issues regarding privacy, incidental findings, and informed consent. As in other professions, the emergence of highly contagious and deadly infectious diseases poses a difficult ethical dilemma of helping patients while protecting healthcare workers.

CONCLUSIONS
Although many clinical laboratorians do not see or treat patients, they must be held accountable to the highest ethical and professional behavior. Recognition and understanding of ethical issues are essential to ethical practice of laboratory medicine.
The combined effect of vitamin C and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fatigue following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a triple-blind clinical trial
Authors: Gholami Mohammad , Najafizadeh Hassan , Teimouri Hassan , Ardalan Arash , Pooria Ali , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Fatigue is a common compliant among patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This may affect patients’ function in all aspects. A few studies have already assessed the influence of complementary therapies on minimizing fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of vitamin C and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on fatigue following CABG surgery.

Methods
In this randomized, triple-blind placebo-controlled trial, 160 patients who already underwent CABG surgery were randomly assigned into an experimental or a control groups. Each group consisted of 80 patients. The experimental group was given both n-3 PUFA and vitamin C the day before surgery. They also received the same supplements in the first 5 days of operation. The control group received only placebo. Subjects in both groups responded to Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) scale in the beginning, and at the end of the intervention as well as on the fifth day of the operation. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for data analysis.

Results
The mean fatigue score in experimental and control groups came up to 62.01 ± 4.06 and 67.92 ± 4.95 (p<0.0001), respectively, which was greater than that of the values we had before intervention. The mean difference of fatigue score was 3.97 ± 3.49 and 9.56 ± 6.41 (p<0.0001) prior and following the intervention, correspondingly.

Conclusion
Combination of vitamin C and n-3 PUFA effectively reduces post-operative fatigue among patients who undergo CABG surgery.
sine mugens nicht erdenken: wand ez kan vor in wenken rechte alsam ein schellec hase**: Women’s German Medieval-Arthurian Scholarship
Authors: Meyer Evelyn , Sterling-Hellenbrand Alexandra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article offers a survey of German Medieval Studies as a discipline, focusing on three generations of women’s German Medieval-Arthurian scholarship. This scholarship demonstrates a breadth of discipline that might be perceived as unusual in contrast to Anglophone or Francophone Arthurian scholarship; this breadth is however characteristic of scholarship in German Medieval Studies. The authors analyse significant publications and female scholars within German Medieval Studies to shed a light on research areas, institutional developments as well as key figures that have emerged in German Arthurian scholarship over the last half-century. The authors conclude not only that the practice of truly interdisciplinary research has become a hallmark of today’s female scholarship, but also that new spaces have been created (and continue to emerge) for women to write, publish and teach in German Medieval-Arthurian scholarship.
Women’s Contributions to Middle English Arthurian Scholarship
Authors: Vishnuvajjala Usha 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines the history of scholarship of both Middle English Arthurian literature and its afterlives to argue that the marginalisation of such literature has slowly diminished – often through the work of women. The increasing numbers of women in academia coincided with the advent of new methodologies in literary studies in the late-twentieth century to produce a wide range of scholarship on English Arthurian literature, including on texts that had long been considered beneath serious study. This work continues now, with recent studies considering English Arthuriana through postcolonial theory, queer theory, affect theory, adaptation studies and many other methods.
Incongruent humour and pragmatic competence in the late-medievalManières de langage
Authors: Reed Emily 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article examines the acquisition of pragmatic competence in L2, applying this stimulating area of research to premodern texts in a way that has yet to be done (to the author’s knowledge). Specifically, this article discusses the teaching of “challenging” incongruent speech behaviours (such as sarcasm, banter, and irony) in a group of Anglo-Norman dialogues of the late Middle Ages. The present work focuses on the representation of incongruent speech acts in the dialogues, how this representation speaks to a pedagogical method that incorporated humour, and also the possible functions of humour in the pedagogical environment. The topic of incongruent performance and its pedagogical implications will also be considered. By discussing the depiction and role of incongruent speech behaviours in the dialogues, I argue that these texts were sophisticated teaching aides that may have used humour as a pedagogical tool to teach more difficult elements of language use.
POST-SCRIPT FROM FILM STUDIES: Whose choice? Watching non-English language films in the UK
Authors: Kirsch Griseldis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In a market dominated by Hollywood, it is easy to overlook that the number of films (and televised productions) which are not in English is actually by far greater than those in English. However, although some non-English language film industries are vast, only a comparatively small number of productions are screened outside of their country of origin. Therefore, before being translated and brought to screens for us to watch, already a filter applies, as the films are chosen by curators of film festivals or the industry. For that reason, films that are perhaps less representative but more interesting, or by a well-known director may be chosen over others that may have been more successful in their country of origin, but are made by a less-well know director or perceived to be less interesting for ‘foreign audiences’. The choice of what we watch is thus never entirely ours. Using Japan, Germany and the UK as example, I will offer some thoughts on what impact such a filter might have on the consumption, and therefore the perception, of a film outside of its country of origin and what challenges this poses for audiences and researchers.
Happily lost in translation: Misunderstandings in film dialogue
Authors: Desilla Louisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines the construal, cross-cultural relay and comprehension of misunderstandings by filmmakers, translators and audiences respectively of Bridget Jones’s Diary (2001) and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004). It reports on findings of a case-study on implicatures in these two romantic comedies (Desilla 2009/2012/2014). Both genuine and feigned misunderstandings are found in the two films. Inter alia, the analysis will show that misunderstandings can serve comedic and/or narrative functions, the latter pertaining to both characterisation and, more crucially, plot advancement. It is also demonstrated how misunderstandings can permeate only a single layer or both layers of film communication.
X-Chromosome Insufficiency Alters Receptive Fields across the Human Early Visual Cortex
Authors: Green Tamar , Hosseini Hadi , Piccirilli Aaron , Ishak Alexandra , Grill-Spector Kalanit , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: August 2019

Here, we investigated processing by receptive fields, a fundamental property of neurons in the visual system, using fMRI and population receptive field (pRF) mapping in 20 human females with monosomic Turner syndrome (TS) (mean age, 10.3 ± 2.0 years) versus 22 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age, 10.4 ± 1.9 years). TS, caused by X-chromosome haploinsufficiency in females, is associated with well-recognized effects on visuospatial processing, parieto-occipital cortical anatomy, and parietal lobe function. However, it is unknown whether these effects are related to altered brain structure and function in early visual areas (V1-V3) versus downstream parietal cortical regions. Results show that girls with TS have the following: (1) smaller volume of V1-V3, (2) lower average pRF eccentricity in early visual areas, and (3) sparser pRF coverage in the periphery of the visual field. Further, we examined whether the lower volume of early visual areas, defined using retinotopic mapping, in TS is due to smaller surface area or thinner cortex. Results show that girls with TS had a general reduction in surface area relative to controls in bilateral V1 and V2. Our data suggest the possibility that the smaller cortical surface area of early visual areas in girls with TS may be associated with a lower number of neurons, which in turn, leads to lesser coverage of the peripheral visual field compared to controls. These results indicate that X-chromosome haploinsufficiency associated with TS affects the functional neuroanatomy of early visual areas, and suggest that investigating pRFs in TS may shed insights into their atypical visuospatial processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTurner syndrome is caused by the absence of one of the two X-chromosomes in females. Using functional neuroimaging and population receptive field mapping, we find that chromosome dosage variation (X-monosomy) associated with Turner syndrome affects the functional neuroanatomy of the visual cortex. Specifically, girls with Turner syndrome have smaller early visual areas that provide lesser coverage of the peripheral visual field compared with healthy controls. Our observations provide compelling evidence that the X-chromosome affects not only parietal cortex, as described in previous studies, but also affects early visual areas. These findings suggest a paradigm change in understanding the effect of X-monosomy on the development of visuospatial abilities in humans.
The Impact of Genomic and Traditional Selection on the Contribution of Mutational Variance to Long-Term Selection Response and Genetic Variance
Authors: Mulder Herman A , Lee Sang Hong , Clark Sam , Hayes Ben J , van der Werf Julius H J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
De novo mutations (DNM) create new genetic variance and are an important driver for long-term selection response. We hypothesized that genomic selection exploits mutational variance less than traditional selection methods such as mass selection or selection on pedigree-based breeding values, because DNM in selection candidates are not captured when the selection candidates’ own phenotype is not used in genomic selection, DNM are not on SNP chips and DNM are not in linkage disequilibrium with the SNP on the chip. We tested this hypothesis with Monte Carlo simulation. From whole-genome sequence data, a subset of ∼300,000 variants was used that served as putative markers, quantitative trait loci or DNM. We simulated 20 generations with truncation selection based on breeding values from genomic best linear unbiased prediction without (GBLUP_no_OP) or with own phenotype (GBLUP_OP), pedigree-based BLUP without (BLUP_no_OP) or with own phenotype (BLUP_OP), or directly on phenotype. GBLUP_OP was the best strategy in exploiting mutational variance, while GBLUP_no_OP and BLUP_no_OP were the worst in exploiting mutational variance. The crucial element is that GBLUP_no_OP and BLUP_no_OP puts no selection pressure on DNM in selection candidates. Genetic variance decreased faster with GBLUP_no_OP and GBLUP_OP than with BLUP_no_OP, BLUP_OP or mass selection. The distribution of mutational effects, mutational variance, number of DNM per individual and nonadditivity had a large impact on mutational selection response and mutational genetic variance, but not on ranking of selection strategies. We advocate that more sustainable genomic selection strategies are required to optimize long-term selection response and to maintain genetic diversity.