bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early wasp plucks the flower: disparate extant diversity of sawfly superfamilies (Hymenoptera: ‘Symphyta’) may reflect asynchronous switching to angiosperm hosts
Authors: Nyman Tommi , Onstein Renske E , Silvestro Daniele , Wutke Saskia , Taeger Andreas , Wahlberg Niklas , Blank Stephan M , Malm Tobias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe insect order Hymenoptera originated during the Permian nearly 300 Mya. Ancestrally herbivorous hymenopteran lineages today make up the paraphyletic suborder ‘Symphyta’, which encompasses c. 8200 species with very diverse host-plant associations. We use phylogeny-based statistical analyses to explore the drivers of diversity dynamics within the ‘Symphyta’, with a particular focus on the hypothesis that diversification of herbivorous insects has been driven by the explosive radiation of angiosperms during and after the Cretaceous. Our ancestral-state estimates reveal that the first symphytans fed on gymnosperms, and that shifts onto angiosperms and pteridophytes – and back – have occurred at different time intervals in different groups. Trait-dependent analyses indicate that average net diversification rates do not differ between symphytan lineages feeding on angiosperms, gymnosperms or pteridophytes, but trait-independent models show that the highest diversification rates are found in a few angiosperm-feeding lineages that may have been favoured by the radiations of their host taxa during the Cenozoic. Intriguingly, lineages-through-time plots show signs of an early Cretaceous mass extinction, with a recovery starting first in angiosperm-associated clades. Hence, the oft-invoked assumption of herbivore diversification driven by the rise of flowering plants may overlook a Cretaceous global turnover in insect herbivore communities during the rapid displacement of gymnosperm- and pteridophyte-dominated floras by angiosperms.
Functional genetic variants of RUVBL1 predict overall survival of Chinese patients with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Haoran , Tong Xiaoxia , Xu Yuan , Wang Mengyun , Dai Hongji , Shi Tingyan , Sun Menghong , Chen Kexin , Cheng Xi , Wei Qingyi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To date, the 5-year overall survival of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains poor. Because studies suggest that RUVBL1 may be a chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, in this study, therefore, we investigated the role of potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RUVBL1 in the survival of Chinese patients with EOC, and we subsequently performed functional prediction and validation of the identified significant SNPs. We found that RUVBL1 rs1057156 A>G and RUVBL1 rs149652370 A>G were associated with survival of EOC patients in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Specifically, the RUVBL1 rs149652370 AG genotype was associated with a shorter progression-free survival ([adjusted hazards ratio (HR)] = 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.76–6.25 and P = 2.01E–04), compared with the AA genotype. The RUVBL1 rs1057156 AG (only nine had GG) genotype was also associated with a poor overall survival (adjusted HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.19–2.52, P = 0.004), compared with the AA genotype. Further experiments showed that the RUVBL1 rs1057156 A>G change lowered its binding affinity to microRNA-4294 and led to upregulation of the RUVBL1 expression. We further found that overexpression of RUVBL1 promoted cell proliferation and metastatic potential. Overall, RUVBL1 enhanced EOC cell proliferation, invasion and migration presumably by stimulating the process of glycolysis. Thus, this study provides evidence that functional variants of RUVBL1 may regulate its gene expression, a possible mechanism affecting survival of EOC patients and that RUVBL1 may be a potential chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of EOC patients.
Relapse of membranous nephropathy with cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kim Youngho 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Advances in monoclonal antibody technology have enabled the application of engineered antibodies to interfere with specific immune pathways. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results in treating certain cancers by employing patients’ own immune systems to attack cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitors release the brake on the immune system and can cause immune-related diseases. Theoretically this could be disadvantageous in patients with autoimmune diseases. Here I describe a case of nephrotic syndrome relapse in a patient with a history of membranous nephropathy during programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor therapy for lung cancer. It is postulated that enhancement of the immune system triggered the relapse of nephrotic syndrome by leading to an escape of immune tolerance and increased susceptibility.
Identification and Localization of the Jammer in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Fan Jianhua , Liang Tao , Wang Tongxiang , Liu Jianwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWireless sensor network can be easily attacked by jammers for its shared character and open access to the wireless channel. Jamming attack could produce a significant threat to the network by interrupting the normal transmission of nodes. To this end, several anti-jamming countermeasures have been proposed to improve the quality of service of the wireless sensor network. As an important building block for anti-jamming countermeasures, the estimation of jammer’s location could provide us a possible way to eliminate jammers artificially. However, existing localization algorithms mainly pay attention to locate the jammers that are equipped with omnidirectional antennas, which usually fail to cope with directional jammers. In order to bridge this gap, an algorithm of antenna identification and localization of the jammer (AILJ) based on the topology information of jamming scenarios is put forward in this paper. At first, a collection protocol is designed to collect the information of boundary nodes and jammed nodes. Then, an identification method based on the classification of the boundary nodes is proposed to derive the type of jammer’s antenna. At last, a range-free method is put forward to locate the jammer without relying on the propagation parameters. The proposed AILJ only depends on the localization of jammed nodes and boundary nodes and employs their geometry knowledge. For the omnidirectional jammer, the mean center of two circumcircles is considered as the jammer’s position. For the directional jammer, the mean value of the intersections between the straight line that represents jammer’s direction and the circumcircles is considered as the directional jammer’s position. Finally, a series of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the identification and localization performance of AILJ.
Utilization of intra-aortic balloon pump to allow MitraClip procedure in patients with non-coapting mitral valve leaflets: a case series
Authors: Eliaz Ran , Turyan Anna , Beeri Ronen , Shuvy Mony 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The MitraClip (MC) procedure was designed for high-risk surgical patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Some patients do not meet the required anatomical criteria due to advanced left ventricular remodelling and mitral annular dilatation leading to leaflet tethering and insufficient coaptation surface. Theoretically, ‘temporary remodelling’ of the mitral valve apparatus by pharmacological and/or mechanical support using intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) could improve leaflets coaptation.

Case summary
We report a case series of four patients with severe MR and non-coapting leaflets who underwent MC implantation. Sufficient coaptation was achieved only after insertion of IABP. The first patient presented with worsening heart failure and severe MR after a non-reperfused posterior wall myocardial infarction (MI), underwent a successful procedure with good results. The second patient presented with worsening heart failure secondary to rheumatic MR, and underwent MC procedure with good results after the insertion of IABP. The third patient developed worsening heart failure and severe MR 2 months after an acute inferior-lateral MI, and underwent a successful procedure. The fourth patient presented with respiratory failure, the patient underwent the procedure, but unfortunately died a few days following the procedure from multiorgan failure. In each case, the insertion of the IABP decreased annular mitral diameter and increased the coaptation surface as assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography.

Discussion
For patients suffering from symptomatic severe MR who are not suitable candidates for MC procedure, IABP system enabled us to overcome mitral leaflet gap and complete the MC procedure successfully.
Optimal vaccine allocation during the mumps outbreak in two SIR centres
Authors: Chernov Alexey A , Kelbert Mark Y , Shemendyuk Aleksandr A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the optimal vaccine sharing between two susceptible, infected, removed (SIR) centres in the presence of migration fluxes of susceptibles and infected individuals during the mumps outbreak. Optimality of the vaccine allocation means the minimization of the total number of lost working days during the whole period of epidemic outbreak $[0,t_f]$, which can be described by the functional $Q=\int _0^{t_f}I(t)\,{\textrm{d}}t$, where $I(t)$ stands for the number of infectives at time $t$. We explain the behaviour of the optimal allocation, which depends on the model parameters and the amount of vaccine available $V$.
S.A.F.E.R. Near Water: An Intervention Targeting Parent Beliefs About Children’s Water Safety
Authors: Sandomierski Megan C , Morrongiello Barbara A , Colwell Scott R 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
The current study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate the S.A.F.E.R. Near Water program, an evidence-based and theory-driven intervention targeting parent beliefs relevant to keeping children safe around water.

Methods
A nonrandomized trial was conducted. Parents with children aged two through five years who were enrolled in lessons either at a public or private swim organization in Ontario, Canada were recruited and nonrandomly assigned to either an Intervention (N = 92) or Control (N = 150) condition. All parents completed the same questionnaire measures two times over the course of their child’s swim lesson session period, once at the beginning (preintervention) and again at the end (postintervention; approximately 9–15 weeks later). Questionnaires assessed parents’ perceptions related to supervision, child drowning risk, water safety, and optimism bias. Parents in the Intervention condition participated in S.A.F.E.R. Near Water, an educational water safety program comprising in-person seminars, informational handouts, and posters.

Results
The S.A.F.E.R. Near Water program was associated with increased knowledge in targeted areas and effectively communicated most of the intended messages. A series of primary regression analyses revealed that parents receiving S.A.F.E.R. Near Water demonstrated improvements in: beliefs about the value of supervision; judgments about children’s swim skills and drowning risk; and perceptions related to swim lessons and children’s supervision needs (sr2 range: 0.22–0.38).

Conclusion
These findings provide support for the feasibility and usefulness of a multifaceted, parent-focused, educational program delivered alongside children’s swim programming to promote closer adult supervision of children around water.
Association of Virologic Failure and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Found in Antiretroviral-Naive Children Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Given Efavirenz-Based Treatment
Authors: Higa Nikki , Pelz Amy , Birch Donald , Beck Ingrid A , Sils Tatiana , Samson Pearl , Bwakura-Dangarembizi Mutsawashe , Bolton-Moore Carolyn , Capparelli Edmund , Chadwick Ellen , Frenkel Lisa M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Among 66 antiretroviral-naive children aged &lt;3 years with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis and initiating efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), non–nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance was detected before ART in 5 (7.6%). Virologic failure occurred in 2 of these children; they were last tested at 16 and 24 weeks of ART. Pre-ART NNRTI resistance was not associated with virologic failure.
An Exploratory Analysis of Self-Reported Protective Factors against Self-Harm in an Enrolled Veteran General Mental Health Population
Authors: Williamson Alicia K , Riendeau Rachel P , Stolzmann Kelly , Silverman Allie F , Kim Bo , Miller Christopher J , Connolly Samantha L , Pitcock Jeffery , Bauer Mark S 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study is to characterize self-reported protective factors against suicide or self-harm within free-response comments from a harm-risk screening.Materials and MethodsVeterans enrolled in Department of Veterans Affairs mental health care were administered a self-harm and suicide screening as part of the baseline assessment in an ongoing implementation trial. Veterans indicated if they had thoughts of harming themselves and if so, what kept them from acting on them. Responses were coded based on established Centers for Disease Control protective factor categories. Descriptive analyses of demographic factors (such as age, gender, and race), clinical factors, and quality of life measures were conducted across groups depending on levels of self-harm risk.ResultsOf 593 Veterans, 57 (10%) screened positive for active thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Those with thoughts of self-harm had lower quality of life scores and higher rates of depression diagnoses. Of those individuals, 41 (72%) reported protective factors including Personal Resources (17%), Community Resources or Relationships (68%), and Other including pets and hobbies (15%). Those with stated protective factors had higher rates of employment and lower rates of PTSD diagnoses.ConclusionThis is one of the first open-response studies of harm-risk protective factors, allowing for a patient-centered approach that prioritizes the individual’s voice and values. New protective factors emerged through the open-response format, indicating important factors that kept Veterans safe from self-harm or suicide such as pets and hobbies. Increasing focus on strengths and positive aspects of Veterans’ lives that serve as protective factors may ultimately improve mental health treatment and prevention of suicide and self-harm.
Impacts of Smoking Ban Policies on Restaurants in Seoul, South Korea: Analysis of Objective Sales Information
Authors: Noh Jin-Won , Choi Minjae , Kwon Young Dae , Yoo Ki-Bong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFrom July 2013 to January 2015, the smoking ban instituted in restaurants in South Korea gradually expanded to cover all restaurants and bars, moving by size of restaurant (≤99 m2, 100–149 m2, ≥150 m2). This study measured the impacts of the smoking ban for restaurants.MethodsThis study examined credit, check, or debit card sales data for every September and October from 2012 to 2015 in 711 census tracts in Seoul, South Korea. We accounted for total restaurant sales in each census tract. Our model controlled for the sales amounts for each census tract, type of restaurant, monthly business survey index, number of restaurants, daily average temperature, daily precipitation, and day of the week, and a dummy for census tract.ResultsThese were some positive associations with increase in total sales. However, the significance of the coefficients was not consistent over this period. Overall, our results showed no significant negative effects of smoking ban policy on restaurants.ConclusionsSmoking ban policies produced benefits in terms of health outcomes, without causing significant negative impacts on sales.ImplicationsAlthough the owners of restaurants anticipated negative impacts on sales from smoking ban policies, the results of this study suggest that restaurants experienced no negative economic impacts on sales from policies with health benefits, which suggest that it would be reasonable to promote and keep on the smoking ban. Also, it is important to apply smoking ban policy to all targets without exclusion.
Job strain and retirement decisions in UK general practice
Authors: Napier J , Clinch M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Falling retention in UK general practice is a well-described problem but there has been little previous research into its underlying causes. Poor psychosocial work conditions may help explain falling workforce morale and early retirement from the profession.

Aims
To explore the impact upon morale and retirement decisions of changes in psychosocial aspects of UK general practice over the course of a career.

Methods
Biographical narrative interviewing method (BNIM) was used to obtain and analyse career narratives of 12 London general practitioners (GPs), aged 55–65, half of whom had retired. Findings were theorized using the Job Demands-Control-Support (JDCS) model.

Results
A spontaneous, consistent theme was evident across all 12 interviews: changes in the psychosocial work environment had contributed to a steady decline in morale. Sequential, multilayered reductions in autonomy were the most commonly cited causes for reduced enthusiasm. Increasing demands in the form of both a rising workload as well as a complaints culture drained energy and morale. The GPs described increasingly fragmented teams and therefore reduced social support for the role. Nonetheless, retirement decisions were not straightforward, provoking complex emotions.

Conclusions
The combination of increasing demands with reduced autonomy puts practitioners under intense strain, diminishing the satisfaction they derive from their work and affecting retirement decisions. The Job Demands-Control-Support (JDCS) model is an empirically tested model that could be used to inform improved work design in general practice.
Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) Exposure in Humans on Reunion Island
Authors: Jaubert Julien , Naze Florence , Camuset Guillaume , Larrieu Sophie , Pascalis Hervé , Guernier Vanina , Naty Nadège , Bertolotti Antoine , Manaquin Rodolphe , Mboussou Yoan , Atiana Laura , Picot Sandrine , Filleul Laurent , Tortosa Pablo , Cardinale Eric , Gérardin Patrick 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
After the documentation of sporadic cases of Q fever endocarditis, we conducted a serosurvey to assess Coxiella burnetii exposure on Reunion Island. Two hundred forty-one stored frozen human sera were analyzed using an immunofluorescence assay. The weighted seroprevalence of Q fever was of 6.81% (95% confidence interval, 4.02%–9.59%). Despite the absence of infection in youths &lt;20 years of age, exposure was not driven by age or by gender. There was a spatial disparity in exposure across the island, with higher prevalence being reported in regions where ruminant farms are present. The seroprevalence pattern suggests that Q fever is endemic on Reunion Island.
Long-term Care Facility Variation in the Incidence of Pneumonia and Influenza
Authors: Bosco Elliott , Zullo Andrew R , McConeghy Kevin W , Moyo Patience , van Aalst Robertus , Chit Ayman , Mor Vincent , Gravenstein Stefan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) increase morbidity and mortality among older adults, especially those residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Facility-level characteristics may affect the risk of P&I beyond resident-level risk factors. However, the relationship between facility characteristics and P&I is poorly understood. To address this, we identified potentially modifiable facility-level characteristics that influence the incidence of P&I across LTCFs.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 2013–2015 Medicare claims linked to Minimum Data Set and LTCF-level data. Short-stay (&lt;100 days) and long-stay (100+ days) LTCF residents were followed for the first occurrence of hospitalization, LTCF discharge, Medicare disenrollment, or death. We calculated LTCF risk-standardized incidence rates (RSIRs) per 100 person-years for P&I hospitalizations by adjusting for over 30 resident-level demographic and clinical covariates using hierarchical logistic regression.

Results
We included 1 767 241 short-stay (13 683 LTCFs) and 922 863 long-stay residents (14 495 LTCFs). LTCFs with lower RSIRs had more licensed independent practitioners (nurse practitioners or physician assistants) among short-stay (44.9% vs 41.6%, P &lt; .001) and long-stay residents (47.4% vs 37.9%, P &lt; .001), higher registered nurse hours/resident/day among short-stay and long-stay residents (mean [SD], 0.5 [0.7] vs 0.4 [0.4], P &lt; .001), and fewer residents for whom antipsychotics were prescribed among short-stay (21.4% [11.6%] vs 23.6% [13.2%], P &lt; .001) and long-stay residents (22.2% [14.3%] vs 25.5% [15.0%], P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
LTCF characteristics may play an important role in preventing P&I hospitalizations. Hiring more registered nurses and licensed independent practitioners, increasing staffing hours, and higher-quality care practices may be modifiable means of reducing P&I in LTCFs.
Evaluation of Surgical Resection Goal and Its Relationship to Extent of Resection and Patient Outcomes in a Multicenter Prospective Study of Patients With Surgically Treated, Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Case Series
Authors: Little Andrew S , Chicoine Michael R , Kelly Daniel F , Sarris Christina E , Mooney Michael A , White William L , Gardner Paul A , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C , Barkhoudarian Garni , Chandler James P , Prevedello Daniel M , Liebelt Brandon D , Sfondouris John , Mayberg Marc R ,   TRANSSPHER Study Group
Published: May 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The influence of the surgeon's preoperative goal regarding the extent of tumor resection on patient outcomes has not been carefully studied among patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the relationship between surgical tumor removal goal and patient outcomes in a prospective multicenter study.

METHODS
Centrally adjudicated extent of tumor resection (gross total resection [GTR] and subtotal resection [STR]) data were analyzed using standard univariate and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS
GTR was accomplished in 148 of 171 (86.5%) patients with planned GTR and 32 of 50 (64.0%) patients with planned STR (P = .001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of GTR goal were 82.2, 43.9, 86.5, and 36.0%, respectively. Knosp grade 0-2, first surgery, and being an experienced surgeon were associated with surgeons choosing GTR as the goal (P < .01). There was no association between surgical goal and presence of pituitary deficiency at 6 mo (P = .31). Tumor Knosp grade (P = .004) and size (P = .001) were stronger predictors of GTR than was surgical goal (P = .014). The most common site of residual tumor was the cavernous sinus (29 of 41 patients; 70.1%).

CONCLUSION
This is the first pituitary surgery study to examine surgical goal regarding extent of tumor resection and associated patient outcomes. Surgical goal is a poor predictor of actual tumor resection. A more aggressive surgical goal does not correlate with pituitary gland dysfunction. A better understanding of the ability of surgeons to meet their expectations and of the factors associated with surgical result should improve prognostication and preoperative counseling.