bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile Micropatterns of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes on Gold Surfaces: Increased Thermal and Pattern Stability with Enhanced Conductivity
Authors: Nguyen D. Thao , Freitag Matthias , Körsgen Martin , Lamping Sebastian , Rühling Andreas , Schäfer Andreas H. , Siekman Martin H. , Arlinghaus Heinrich F. , van der Wiel Wilfred G. , Glorius Frank , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPatterned monolayers of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on gold surfaces were obtained by microcontact printing of NHC–CO2 adducts and NHC(H)[HCO3] salts. The NHC‐modified areas showed an increased conductivity compared to unmodified gold surface areas. Furthermore, the remaining surface areas could be modified with a second, azide‐functionalized carbene, facilitating further applications and post‐printing modifications. Thorough elucidation by a variety of analytical methods offers comprehensive evidence for the viability of the methodology reported here. The protocol enables facile access to versatile, microstructured NHC‐modified gold surfaces with highly stable patterns, enhanced conductivity, and the option for further modification.
Parental Perception of the Perioperative Experience for Children With Autism
Authors: Benich Sarah , Thakur Shreya , Schubart Jane R. , Carr Michele M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) face unique challenges when preparing for and undergoing surgery in the perioperative setting. Our goal was to describe this experience via the qualitative evaluation of interviews with parents whose children with ASD had recently undergone surgery in a tertiary medical center. Twelve parents or guardians participated in these interviews. Two independent researchers recorded interviews and analyzed transcripts. The researchers analyzed the interview transcripts using qualitative software to determine the categories of frequent answers to interview questions. Important categories that emerged included behavioral triggers (ie, response to sounds, expression of anxiety and pain), objects used for comfort, communication issues, important people, and advice. We found that children with ASD have specific and unique needs for reassurance and comfort during a perioperative visit. We created a tool, included in this article, to provide a patient‐centered framework for interactions with children with ASD in the perioperative environment.
Gunn rats with glial activation in the hippocampus show prolonged immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test
Authors: Arauchi Ryosuke , Hashioka Sadayuki , Tsuchie Keiko , Miyaoka Tsuyoshi , Tsumori Toshiko , Limoa Erlyn , Azis Ilhamuddin A. , Oh‐Nishi Arata , Miura Shoko , Otsuki Koji , Kanayama Misako , Izuhara Muneto , Nagahama Michiharu , Kawano Kiminori , Araki Tomoko , Liaury Kristian , Abdullah Rostia A. , Wake Rei , Hayashida Maiko , Inoue Ken , Horiguchi Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies imply that glial activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and major depression. We previously demonstrated that Gunn rats with hyperbilirubinemia show congenital gliosis and schizophrenia‐like behavior.MethodsAs it has been suggested that major depression involves glial activation associated with neuroinflammation, we examined whether Gunn rats show depression‐like behavior using the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). In addition, we quantitatively evaluated both microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus of Gunn rats using immunohistochemistry analysis of the microglial marker ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule (Iba) 1 and the astrocytic marker S100B.ResultsBoth the FST and TST showed that immobility time of Gunn rats was significantly longer than that of normal control Wistar rats, indicating that Gunn rats are somewhat helpless, a sign of depression‐like behavior. In the quantification of immunohistochemical analysis, Iba1immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus (DG), cornu ammonis (CA) 1, and CA3 and the number of Iba1‐positive cells in the CA1 and CA3 were significantly increased in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats. S100B immunoreactivity in the DG, CA1, and CA3 and the number of S100B‐positive cells in the DG and CA3 were significantly increased in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats.ConclusionOur findings suggest that both microglia and astrocyte are activated in Gunn rats and their learned helplessness could be related to glial activation.
Firm resources and the development of environmental sustainability among small and medium‐sized enterprises: Evidence from the Australian wine industry
Authors: Knight Hanne , Megicks Phil , Agarwal Sheela , Leenders M.A.A.M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractScholars and industry professionals want clarification of the specific firm resources that influence the adoption and development of environmentally sustainable strategies. This paper, set in the context of the Australian wine industry, explores different firm resources that are beneficial for environmentally sustainable development and examines the role of management attitudes and norms in moderating this relationship. It establishes which resources small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) should invest in to be more successful in following environmental principles. The findings of a survey of the owner‐managers of Australian wine‐producing SMEs are reported, and partial least squares structural equation modelling is utilized to analyze the data. Results clearly indicate that successful firms that manage their resources more effectively influence the application of environmental behaviour, with one distinct resource significantly influencing the disclosure of such behaviour. A moderating effect is established which supports the notion that pro‐environmental decision‐making in SMEs is heavily influenced by the attitudes and norms held by management.
Designing and teaching of an effective engineering continuing education course: Modeling and simulation of HVAC systems
Authors: Rampazzo Mirco , Beghi Alessandro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRapid methodological and technological progresses motivate the implementation of continuing education programs. In this scenario, collaboration between universities and industries plays an important role. Universities can offer the theoretical knowledge and the best teaching practices while industries can provide equipment, use cases, and other key resources. In this paper, we present a cooperative university–industry approach to satisfy the continuing education needs of a Research and Development department that operates in the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) sector. In particular, strategies and guidelines for continuing education in modeling and simulation practices are presented, with particular emphasis on HVAC systems. In the paper, the learning needs, learning outcomes definition, course contents design, instructional methods, participants performance assessment, and course evaluation are discussed.
Traditional versus hypertextual index in an online course on Oscillation and Wave Physics
Authors: Pejuan Arcadi , López Víctor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn online course on Oscillation and Wave Physics (https://ocw.upc.edu/webs/42254/Acustica_EN/) was implemented. As the first objective, this article describes its main features, especially the two types of indexes for accessing the different items (a traditional linear index, and a hypertextual index based on a concept map). The second objective is to describe the students’ response to the one index in comparison to the other. As a qualitative response (perception), obtained from the students’ free comments, some advantages of the hypertextual index were found, for example, the ability to raise curiosity about physics contents, or the building of a convenient attitude for learning autonomously. Some drawbacks perceived, which are put into perspective, were the possible equivocal interpretation of the guiding questions, or the uncertainty about following the optimal order of items. As a quantitative response (performance in exams), a small but significant difference was found only for two subtopics related to cross‐linked relationships between different conceptual aspects. This can be explained by a deeper internalization of these relationships through the concept map underlying the hypertextual index.
Automatic argument assessment of final project reports of computer engineering students
Authors: García‐Gorrostieta Jesús M. , López‐López Aurelio , González‐López Samuel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractArguments in final course project reports written by engineering students are an essential feature of academic texts. Further revisions of instructors reveal to the students their mistakes, such as a lack of argumentation. However, the depth of revisions is often limited by the time availability of the instructor. In this paper, we present a system for argument assessment embedded in an Internet‐based Moodle course with Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI) standard, to help students improve argumentation in the problem statement, justification and conclusion sections of their final project report. The system identifies argumentative paragraphs along with argumentation level and provides recommendations to improve their writing. The analysis is achieved employing machine learning techniques with lexical features trained using an annotated collection of student writings. We performed a pilot test to compare control and experimental groups. Both groups consisted of undergraduate students of computer engineering programs from two different universities. We observed that using the argument assessment system increased the number of arguments in the experimental group. We discuss some further improvements for the system.
Web‐based experiment for teaching the electrical characteristics of a solar cell and module
Authors: Cvjetkovic Vladimir M. , Kovacevic Milan S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, an experiment involving a solar module consisting of serially connected solar cells remotely controlled by a web application is presented. The described experiment is fully automated and is accessed and controlled remotely using a web‐based user interface; a new generation of inexpensive SBC (single‐board computer) devices; flat, light LED sources; and some electronic components. Basically, the experiment consists of a solar module illuminated by a flat LED light source and a programmed electronic variable resistor, which enables collecting the solar module current‐voltage (I–V) characteristics. We found that remote access to lab equipment and experiments has many advantages over traditional scheduled supervised access because it provides a safe virtual environment for work and experimentation using real equipment. Promoting interest in solar cells by introducing students at an early stage of their undergraduate curriculum to the basics (fundamentals) of photovoltaic devices is beneficial in many aspects.
Value of incorporating newly identified risk factors into risk prediction for chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia
Authors: Li Yanli , Family Leila , Chen Lie H. , Page John H. , Klippel Zandra , Xu Lanfang , Chao Chun R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeveral comorbidities have recently been shown to affect risk of chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia (FN). Here, we evaluated the added predictive value of these comorbidities beyond established FN risk factors. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients diagnosed with cancer and treated with chemotherapy at Kaiser Permanente Southern California between 2000 and 2009. The study cohort was equally split into training and validation datasets to develop and evaluate the performance of FN risk prediction models in the first chemotherapy cycle. A reference model was developed based on the model proposed by Lyman et al (Cancer 2011;117:1917). A new model was developed by incorporating the newly identified comorbidities such as rheumatoid conditions and thyroid disorders into the reference model. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC), risk reclassification, and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to evaluate the potential improvement of FN risk prediction by incorporating comorbidities. A total of 15 279 patients were included; 4.2% experienced FN in the first chemotherapy cycle. Including comorbidities in FN risk prediction did not improve AUROCC (reference model 0.71 vs new model 0.72). A significant improvement in individual‐level FN risk prediction was indicated by IDI (P = .02). However, significant improvement in risk reclassification was not observed overall (although 6% of all patients were more accurately classified for their FN risk level, 5% were less accurately classified) or when examining predicted FN risk among patients who did and did not develop FN. Incorporating several new comorbidities into FN prediction led to improved FN risk prediction in the first chemotherapy cycle, although the observed improvements were small and might not be clinically relevant.
Risk factors for upper tract urothelial recurrence following local excision of bladder cancer
Authors: Lin Ning , Wu Yu‐Peng , Lin Yun‐Zhi , Tao Xuan , Chen Shao‐Hao , Ke Zhi‐Bin , Wei Yong , Zheng Qing‐Shui , Xue Xue‐Yi , Xu Ning 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe mechanism of upper tract recurrence after local excision of bladder cancer remains unknown. This study was designed to identify risk factors for upper tract urothelial recurrence following local tumor excision of bladder cancer. To identify 76 597 bladder cancer patients, comprising 76 537 nonrecurrence and 60 recurrence patients, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the risk factors. Compared with the nonrecurrence group, the recurrence group was associated with older age, higher grade, high T stage, and higher proportional squamous cell carcinomas. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that age, grades III and IV, T stage, and pathology were significantly associated with worse upper tract urothelial recurrence (UTUR) survival. However, after adjusting for prognostic factors, grade was no longer an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. This study demonstrates that clinical prognosis of UTUR after local bladder tumor excision has significant independent risk factors that include age ≥60 years, T1 and T2 stage, and squamous cell carcinoma, and will require more careful consideration during follow‐up.
Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Haoxuan , Peng Xianyun , Liu Xijun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is recognized as a promising way to generate clean hydrogen energy. However, its large‐scale application requires the development of cheap and efficient catalysts. An increasing number of reports have been published lately on the HER over single atom catalysts (SACs) owing to the high catalytic activity, stability and maximum atom utilization of SACs, of which the final point endows noble‐metal catalysts with low costs. In this Review, we highlight the electrochemical applications of all reported SACs in the HER, with a particular focus on the discussion of their catalytic properties and mechanisms at the atomic level. The main advantages and challenges of SACs are also summarized. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of current and future applications of SACs in the HER.
Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glycerol by Plasmonics
Authors: Rasmussen Michelle , Serov Alexey , Artyushkova Kateryna , Chen Dayi , Rose Timothy C. , Atanassov Plamen , Harris Joel M. , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDirect alcohol fuel cells have attracted interest as an alternative energy conversion device, but most systems use either methanol or ethanol. Glycerol, a chemical byproduct of biodiesel production, is a more desirable fuel, because it is safer and has a higher energy density. With this aim, binary Ag−Au plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) were immobilized onto electrodes and evaluated in a glycerol fuel cell. When illuminated with visible light, the power output of the fuel cell increased 100 %. The output at varying wavelengths and light intensities indicates that the enhanced oxidation was related to the catalyst's plasmonic properties. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the catalyst did not cause heating at the electrode surface, so the enhancement must be a result of either hot electron transfer or breakdown of the fuel into simpler molecules by photogenerated reactive oxygen species. This is the first report of the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of a complex alcohol fuel by a plasmonic material.
The Identity of “Ternary” A/Tl/Pb or K/Tl/Bi Solid Mixtures and Binary Zintl Anions Isolated From Their Solutions
Authors: Lichtenberger Niels , Franzke Yannick J. , Massa Werner , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInvestigations of solid mixtures of the elemental combinations A/Tl/Pb (A=Na, K) and K/Tl/Bi indicate the presence of multiple binary and ternary Zintl phases, among them new ones containing Tl and Pb or Bi, respectively. Extractions with en/crypt‐222 afford single crystals of several novel binary anions, including [Tl@Tl4Pb8]4− and (Tl4Bi3)3−. [Tl@Tl4Pb8]4− adopts a closo‐type cage structure despite possessing one additional electron; it is therefore isostructural, yet not isoelectronic, with homoatomic [Tl@Tl12]11− obtained by solid state reactions. (Tl4Bi3)3− is a rare case of a pentagonal bipyramidal Zintl anion, yet the first binary one, and (unlike Tl77−) the first one with a proper closo‐type electron count. Assignment of the numbers and positions of the Tl/Pb or Tl/Bi atoms within the anionic clusters, indistinguishable in classical X‐ray diffraction experiments, was achieved by means of quantum chemistry. The studies shed light on the complex situation in solid heavy element mixtures and their substantial differences from the composition of the Zintl anions obtained from them by extraction.
The Nature of Stable Char Radicals: An ESR and DFT Study of Structural and Hydrogen Bonding Requirements
Authors: Trubetskaya Anna , Larsen Andersen Mogens , Talbro Barsberg Søren 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPyrolysis is a promising way to convert biomass into fuels and chemicals. This reaction is complex and inevitably involves a cascade of radical reactions that lead to char formation, in which some radicals become trapped and stabilized. Their nature is difficult to characterize, and in this respect computational chemistry can be a strong supplementary tool to electron spin resonance spectroscopy and other experimental methods. Here biomass char radicals and oxidation reactivity are studied experimentally, and density functional theory is used to predict the thermodynamic stability and g‐values of carbon‐ and oxygen‐centered radicals of polyaromatic char models including defect structures. Hydroxylated and especially certain dihydroxylated structures provide exceptional stabilization of oxygen‐centered radicals. Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role, and it is proposed that hydrogen atom transfer couples radical localizations. This is a new proposal on the structural requirements for stabilization of char radicals, which impacts our understanding of pyrolysis mechanisms and char reactivity.
A Novel Method to Estimate Long‐Term Chronological Changes From Fragmented Observations in Disease Progression
Authors: Ishida Takaaki , Tokuda Keita , Hisaka Akihiro , Honma Masashi , Kijima Shinichi , Takatoku Hiroyuki , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Moritoyo Takashi , Suzuki Hiroshi ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2018

Clinical observations of patients with chronic diseases are often restricted in terms of duration. Therefore, obtaining a quantitative and comprehensive understanding of the chronology of chronic diseases is challenging, because of the inability to precisely estimate the patient's disease stage at the time point of observation. We developed a novel method to reconstitute long‐term disease progression from temporally fragmented data by extending the nonlinear mixed‐effects model to incorporate the estimation of “disease time” of each subject. Application of this method to sporadic Alzheimer's disease successfully depicted disease progression over 20 years. The covariate analysis revealed earlier onset of amyloid‐β accumulation in male and female apolipoprotein E ε4 homozygotes, whereas disease progression was remarkably slower in female ε3 homozygotes compared with female ε4 carriers and males. Simulation of a clinical trial suggests patient recruitment using the information of precise disease time of each patient will decrease the sample size required for clinical trials.
Harvesting invasive plants to reduce nutrient loads and produce bioenergy: an assessment of Great Lakes coastal wetlands
Authors: Carson Brendan D. , Lishawa Shane C. , Tuchman Nancy C. , Monks Andrew M. , Lawrence Beth A. , Albert Dennis A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands (GLCWs), dominant emergent invasive plants are expanding their ranges and compromising the unique habitat and ecosystem service values that these ecosystems provide. Herbiciding and burning to control invasive plants have not been effective in part because neither strategy addresses the most common root cause of invasion, nutrient enrichment. Mechanical harvesting is an alternative approach that removes tissue‐bound phosphorus and nitrogen and can increase wetland plant diversity and aquatic connectivity between wetland and lacustrine systems. In this study, we used data from three years of Great Lakes‐wide wetland plant surveys, published literature, and bioenergy analyses to quantify the overall areal extent of GLCWs, the extent and biomass of the three most dominant invasive plants, the pools of nitrogen and phosphorus contained within their biomass, and the potential for harvesting this biomass to remediate nutrient runoff and produce renewable energy. Of the approximately 212,000 ha of GLCWs, three invasive plants (invasive cattail, common reed, and reed canary grass) dominated 76,825 ha (36%). The coastal wetlands of Lake Ontario exhibited the highest proportion of invasive dominance (57%) of any of the Great Lakes, primarily from cattail. A single growing season's biomass of these invasive plants across all GLCWs was estimated at 659,545 metric tons: 163,228 metric tons of reed canary grass, 270,474 metric tons of common reed, and 225,843 metric tons of invasive cattail, and estimated to contain 10,805 and 1144 metric tons of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. A one‐time harvest and utilization for energy of this biomass would provide the gross equivalent of 1.8 million barrels of oil if combusted, or 0.9 million barrels of oil if converted to biogas in an anaerobic digester. We discuss the potential for mitigating non‐point source nutrient pollution with invasive wetland plant removal, and other potential uses for the harvested biomass, including compost and direct application to agricultural soils. Finally, we describe the research and adaptive management program we have built around this concept, and point to current limitations to the implementation of large‐scale invasive plant harvesting.