bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of cyanobacterial photosynthetic activity by natural ketones
Authors: Voronova Elena N. , Konyukhov Ivan V. , Koksharova Olga A. , Popova Alexandra A. , Pogosyan Sergey I. , Khmel Inessa A. , Rubin Andrey B. 
Published: March 2019

Microbial volatiles have a significant impact on the physiological functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Various ketones are present in volatile mixtures produced by plants, bacteria, and fungi. Our earlier results demonstrated the inhibitory effects of soil bacteria volatiles, including ketones, on cyanobacteria. In this work, we thoroughly examined the natural ketones, 2‐nonanone and 2‐undecanone to determine their influence on the photosynthetic activity in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. We observed for the first time that the ketones strongly inhibit electron transport through PSII in cyanobacteria cells in vivo. The addition of ketones decreases the quantum yield of primary PSII photoreactions and changes the PSII chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves. There are clear indications that the ketones inhibit electron transfer from QA to QB, electron transport at the donor side of PSII. The ketones can also modify the process of energy transfer from the antenna complex to the PSII reaction center and, by this means, increase both chlorophyll fluorescence quantum yield and the chlorophyll excited state lifetime. At the highest tested concentration (5 mM) 2‐nonanone also induced chlorophyll release from Synechococcus cells that strongly indicates the possible role of the ketones as detergents.
Transbronchial evaluation of peripheral pulmonary lesions using ultrasonic spectrum analysis in lung cancer patients
Authors: Ishiwata Tsukasa , Terada Jiro , Nakajima Takahiro , Tsushima Kenji , Tatsumi Koichiro 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAnalysis of the endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) radiofrequency spectrum has been used for convex‐probe EBUS technology. Quantitative imaging analysis is also warranted for guided bronchoscopy using radial‐probe EBUS (RP‐EBUS) targeting peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). This study aimed to determine the feasibility of radiofrequency spectrum analysis for distinguishing malignant and benign PPL during diagnostic bronchoscopy.MethodsRaw RP‐EBUS images with radiofrequency data, including backscatter signals, were prospectively recorded. The ultrasonic spectral parameters, such as intercept, midband‐fit and slope within the region of interest, were retrospectively computed by linear regression analysis and compared with the final diagnosis.ResultsA total of 71 PPL, including 45 malignant and 26 benign lesions, were analysed. Malignant PPL showed a significantly lower intercept (P < 0.0001), lower midband‐fit (P < 0.0001) and higher slope (P = 0.014) than benign PPL. Analyses of the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic plots demonstrated that the intercept showed the best diagnostic performance among three parameters (0.87, 0.77 and 0.69 for intercept, midband‐fit and slope, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood and negative likelihood were 75.6%, 96.2%, 83.1%, 19.6 and 0.25 for the intercept; 88.9%, 57.7%, 77.5%, 2.1 and 0.19 for the midband‐fit; and 68.9%, 73.1%, 70.4%, 2.6 and 0.43 for the slope.ConclusionSpectrum analysis of EBUS radiofrequency can be used as a novel non‐invasive predictor of malignant or benign PPL. Analysis of the ‘intercept’ of the targeted lesion may provide useful supporting data for real‐time sampling from PPL during diagnostic bronchoscopy.
Normalized Coordinate Equations and an Energy Method for Predicting Natural Curved-Fold Configurations
Authors: Badger Jacob C. , Nelson Todd G. , Lang Robert J. , Halverson Denise M. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Of the many valid configurations that a curved fold may assume, it is of particular interest to identify natural—or lowest energy—configurations that physical models will preferentially assume. We present normalized coordinate equations—equations that relate fold surface properties to their edge of regression—to simplify curved-fold relationships. An energy method based on these normalized coordinate equations is developed to identify natural configurations of general curved folds. While it has been noted that natural configurations have nearly planar creases for curved folds, we show that nonplanar behavior near the crease ends substantially reduces the energy of a fold.
Parameter Optimization for the Driving System of a 5 Degrees-of-Freedom Parallel Machining Robot With Planar Kinematic Chains
Authors: Xie Zenghui , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Wang Jinsong , Shen Xu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Driving system parameter optimization (DSPO) is an important approach to improve robots' dynamic performances such as acceleration capacity, load carrying capacity, and operation stability. To achieve better dynamic performance, motors with high power and high cost are generally used. But this leads to a waste of resources. It is difficult to simultaneously make the robots satisfy the prescribed requirements and avoid over conservative design. This issue is much more challenging for parallel machining robots due to the coupling characteristics of the closed kinematic chains. In this paper, a 5 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) parallel machining robot with planar kinematic chains is presented, and its dynamic model is established based on the virtual work principle. Then, a DSPO method for 5-DoF machining robots is proposed by considering the classical machining trajectories that can reflect the robots' performance requirements. The motor output under these trajectories and candidate motor parameters are presented in a comprehensive graph. Combined with motor selection criteria, the feasible motors and usable reduction ratio range are derived. To optimize the reduction ratio, a dynamic index is proposed based on the variance degree of the motor output torque to evaluate driving system's operational stability. On this basis, the optimal reduction ratio is obtained by minimizing this index to improve the stability of machining robots. Based on the proposed method, the DSPO for the 5-DoF parallel machining robot is implemented, and the optimal driving units are generated. The proposed method can be used for the DSPO of other 5-DoF parallel machining robots.
Talent Identification in Youth Ice Hockey: Exploring “Intangible” Player Characteristics
Authors: Guenter Ryan W. , Dunn John G.H. , Holt Nicholas L. 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine “intangible” characteristics that scouts consider when evaluating draft-eligible prospects for the Western Hockey League. Sixteen scouts participated in semistructured interviews that were subjected to an inductive thematic analysis and then organized around predetermined categories ofwhyintangibles were important,whatintangibles were valued, andhowscouts evaluated these intangibles. Intangibles helped scouts establish players’ fit with the organizational culture of teams and influenced scouts’ draft-list ranking of players. The key intangibles scouts sought were labeled compete, passion, character, and leadership/team player. Scouts noted red flags (i.e., selfish on-ice behaviors, bad body language, and poor parental behavior) that led them to question players’ suitability for their respective organizations. Finally, scouts used an investigative process to identify and evaluate these intangibles through direct observation; interviews with players, coaches, and trainers; and assessments of players’ social media activities. Implications for sport psychology consultants are discussed.
Smoking and lung function among adults with newly onset asthma
Authors: Jaakkola Jouni J K , Hernberg Samu , Lajunen Taina K , Sripaijboonkij Penpatra , Malmberg L Pekka , Jaakkola Maritta S 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionSmoking increases the risk of asthma and reduces lung function among subjects with and without asthma. We assessed the effects of smoking on lung function reflecting both central and small airways among adults with newly onset asthma.MethodsIn a population-based study, 521 (response rate 86%) working-aged adults with clinically defined newly diagnosed asthma answered a questionnaire on personal smoking and other factors potentially influencing lung function, and performed spirometry. We applied multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the relations between smoking and lung function adjusting for confounding.ResultsAmong asthmatics, FEV1level was reduced significantly, on average 208 mL, related to regular smoking (adjusted effect estimate −0.208, 95% CI −0.355 to −0.061) and 245 mL in relation to former smoking, that is, among those who quit less than a year ago (−0.245, 95% CI −0.485 to −0.004). In contrast, FEV1was not significantly related to occasional smoking or former smoking among those who quit over a year ago. Forced expiratory flow (FEF) levels (L/s) were also significantly reduced among regular smokers (FEF25–75%: −0.372, 95% CI −0.607 to −0.137; FEF50%: −0.476, 95% CI −0.750 to −0.202). An exposure–response pattern related to both daily smoking rate and lifetime cumulative smoking was seen both among men and women.ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence that among working-aged adults with new asthma, regular smoking and former smoking reduce lung function levels with a dose–response pattern. The lung function parameters applied as outcomes reflect both larger and smaller airways.
Direct healthcare costs of sedentary behaviour in the UK
Authors: Heron Leonie , O'Neill Ciaran , McAneney Helen , Kee Frank , Tully Mark A 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundGrowing evidence indicates that prolonged sedentary behaviour increases the risk of several chronic health conditions and all-cause mortality. Sedentary behaviour is prevalent among adults in the UK. Quantifying the costs associated with sedentary behaviour is an important step in the development of public health policy.MethodsNational Health Service (NHS) costs associated with prolonged sedentary behaviour (≥6 hours/day) were estimated over a 1-year period in 2016–2017 costs. We calculated a population attributable fraction (PAF) for five health outcomes (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease [CVD], colon cancer, endometrial cancer and lung cancer). Adjustments were made for potential double-counting due to comorbidities. We also calculated the avoidable deaths due to prolonged sedentary behaviour using the PAF for all-cause mortality.ResultsThe total NHS costs attributable to prolonged sedentary behaviour in the UK in 2016–2017 were £0.8 billion, which included expenditure on CVD (£424 million), type 2 diabetes (£281 million), colon cancer (£30 million), lung cancer (£19 million) and endometrial cancer (£7 million). After adjustment for potential double-counting, the estimated total was £0.7 billion. If prolonged sedentary behaviour was eliminated, 69 276 UK deaths might have been avoided in 2016.ConclusionsIn this conservative estimate of direct healthcare costs, prolonged sedentary behaviour causes a considerable burden to the NHS in the UK. This estimate may be used by decision makers when prioritising healthcare resources and investing in preventative public health programmes.
Night work and miscarriage: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Begtrup Luise Moelenberg , Specht Ina Olmer , Hammer Paula Edeusa Cristina , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Garde Anne Helene , Hansen Johnni , Hansen Åse Marie , Kolstad Henrik Albert , Larsen Ann Dyreborg , Bonde Jens Peter 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveObservational studies indicate an association between working nights and miscarriage, but inaccurate exposure assessment precludes causal inference. Using payroll data with exact and prospective measurement of night work, the objective was to investigate whether working night shifts during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.MethodsA cohort of 22 744 pregnant women was identified by linking the Danish Working Hour Database (DWHD), which holds payroll data on all Danish public hospital employees, with Danish national registers on births and admissions to hospitals (miscarriage). The risk of miscarriage during pregnancy weeks 4–22 according to measures of night work was analysed using Cox regression with time-varying exposure adjusted for a fixed set of potential confounders.ResultsIn total 377 896 pregnancy weeks (average 19.7) were available for follow-up. Women who had two or more night shifts the previous week had an increased risk of miscarriage after pregnancy week 8 (HR 1.32 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.62) compared with women, who did not work night shifts. The cumulated number of night shifts during pregnancy weeks 3–21 increased the risk of miscarriages in a dose-dependent pattern.ConclusionsThe study corroborates earlier findings that night work during pregnancy may confer an increased risk of miscarriage and indicates a lowest observed threshold level of two night shifts per week.
Sebaceous gland adenoma in a free-ranging Baird’s Tapir Tapirus bairdii (Tapiridae: Perissodactyla)
Authors: Arguedas Randall , Guevara-Soto Marcruz , Rojas-Jiménez Jorge 
Published: March 2019

An external mass was observed on the ear of a free-ranging Baird’s Tapir Tapirus bairdii. The mass was surgically removed under general anesthesia and was histopathologically identified as sebaceous gland adenoma. Hematological and biochemical analyses were also performed. The animal showed a mild anemia and the other values were unremarkable. Only few cases of tumors have been reported in tapirs and this is the first report of a tumor in a free ranging Baird´s Tapir. The presence of any disease in free-ranging wildlife should call our attention in order to develop a better understanding of disease ecology, especially in threatened species.
Overcoming the Impassable Gulf: Phenomenologizing Psychophysics
Authors: Whitehead Patrick M. , Smith Tayha G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper examines Fechner’s (1859) introduction to experimental psychophysics from a phenomenological perspective. Horst’s (2005) analysis is used to demonstrate the phenomenology that is inherent to classical perceptual psychophysics (Fechner’s “outer” psychophysics). Horst argues that the psychophysical event of perception can only be understood as an intentional intertwining of subject and object. From this we move to physiological component of psychophysics—that is, the processes that mediate perceptual awareness (Fechner’s “inner” psychophysics). Drawing primarily on the work of Rosen (2008, 2015), it is argued the phenomenology provides the most appropriate approach for what could be understood as a contemporary psychophysics—one that borrows from recent trends in physics, neuro-physiology, and perception as classical psychophysics had done (or promised to do). This results in a psychiatric neurophenomenology. Examples of the placebo effect and treatment of traumatic brain injury are used to demonstrate the usefulness of a phenomenological psychophysics, one that ultimately meets the demands of Fechner’s original proposal.
Safe Play Areas for Prevention of Young Children Drowning in Farm Dams
Authors: Depczynski Julie , Fragar Lyn , Hawkins Antonia , Stiller Laurence 
Published: March 2019

INJURIES ARE THE LEADING cause of death to young children in rural Australia, with drowning in farm dams being a major risk. This paper assesses the impact of an intervention to increase safe play areas on farms to prevent unsupervised access by young children to water bodies and other hazards. Surveys of 1,117 adult farmers attending Ag Quip Agricultural Field Days in NSW between 2003 and 2007 were used to identify the child security level of fences and changes in the percentage of farms with fenced house yards. Over this four-year period, the percentage of people who had a fenced yard on their farm ranged from 75 per cent to 79 per cent with no significant fluctuations. However, those with a safe play area who stated the area was difficult/almost impossible for a child 0-5yrs to breach, ranged from 40 per cent to 55 per cent over the period, with a statistically significant positive trend (X2=13.46 df=4 p≤.01). Actions to improve child safety on farms and recall of child farm safety messages in the media in association with programs promoting securely fenced house yards are also discussed. In order to affect further reduction in child drowning incidents, there is an ongoing need to promote improved security of fenced house yards on farms in Australia.
The Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework: Managing Change in a Complex Environment
Authors: Garvis Susanne , Pendergast Donna , Twigg Danielle , Flückiger Bev , Kanasa Harry , Phillips Carmel , Bishop Maggie , Lockett Kerryn , Leach Darlene 
Published: March 2019

THIS ARTICLE REPORTS ON an Educational Change Model originally developed for the middle years of schooling (Pendergast et al., 2005) and applied here to an Australian early childhood education reform initiative. The Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework (VEYLDF) was released in 2009 (DEECD & VCAA, 2009). Implementation of the VEYLDF was accompanied by a three-stage independent evaluation on early childhood professionals perceptions of implementation. According to the Educational Change Model, three distinct phases can be identified as individuals and groups move towards full implementation of reforms. The phases are: Initiation, Development, and Consolidation. Evaluation of initiatives delivered in the implementation of the VEYLDF against key elements of the Educational Change Model revealed that: critical model elements of visioning, policy development, stakeholder engagement and information dissemination were achieved at a high level; resources were developed for early childhood professionals to implement in a range of formats and mediums; the importance of leadership in educational change was recognised in the VEYLDF implementation; inhibitors and enablers to the implementation of the VEYLDF were identified in anticipation of the Development phase of the Educational Change Model. • The staged implementation of the VEYLDF provided opportunities for progressive feedback on implementation successes and challenges.
DMM Prize 2018 winner: Wenqing Zhou
Authors: Justice Monica J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Disease Models & Mechanisms (DMM) is delighted to announce that the winner of the DMM Prize 2018 is Wenqing Zhou, for her paper entitled ‘Neutrophil-specific knockout demonstrates a role for mitochondria in regulating neutrophil motility in zebrafish’ (Zhou et al., 2018a). The prize of $1000 is awarded to the first author of the paper that is judged by the journal's editors to be the most outstanding contribution to the journal that year. To be considered for the prize, the first author must be a student or a postdoc of no more than 5 years standing.
INTERCULTURALIDADE CRÍTICA: APRENDER A DECOLONIZAR A EDUCAÇÃO COM SABERES DE MULHERES RIBEIRINHAS DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Tavares Neri Isabell Thereza , Oliveira Ivanilde Apoluceno de 
Published: March 2019

Neste artigo analisa-se os saberes de mulheres em tratamento hospitalar, vítimas de escalpelamento nos rios da Amazônia ou acompanhantes, e que frequentam, em um espaço de acolhimento, uma classe hospitalar. Este estudo consiste em um recorte de uma pesquisa, concluída em 2018, financiada pela FAPESPA, realizada em um ambiente hospitalar, em que se desenvolve uma educação intercultural crítica freireana, que fomenta o empoderamento das mulheres ribeirinhas por meio do reconhecimento de suas vozes, saberes, práticas e manifestações culturais. É uma pesquisa de campo qualitativa com os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: levantamento bibliográfico e documental, entrevistas com 15 mulheres de faixas etárias variadas, oriundas de diferentes comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia Paraense e observação participante. Entre os resultados destaca-se que a aprendizagem se dá por meio de narrativas das mulheres sobre o “enfrentamento da violência de gênero”, o “trabalho”, a “medicina popular” e o “imaginário”, que fazem parte do contexto de diversidade biossocial e cultural das comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia.
Effect of tibial component alignment on knee kinematics and ligament tension in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sekiguchi K. , Nakamura S. , Kuriyama S. , Nishitani K. , Ito H. , Tanaka Y. , Watanabe M. , Matsuda S. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is one surgical option for treating symptomatic medial osteoarthritis. Clinical studies have shown the functional beneﬁts of UKA; however, the optimal alignment of the tibial component is still debated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of tibial coronal and sagittal plane alignment in UKA on knee kinematics and cruciate ligament tension, using a musculoskeletal computer simulation.MethodsThe tibial component was first aligned perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the tibia, with a 7° posterior slope (basic model). Subsequently, coronal and sagittal plane alignments were changed in a simulation programme. Kinematics and cruciate ligament tensions were simulated during weight-bearing deep knee bend and gait motions. Translation was defined as the distance between the most medial and the most lateral femoral positions throughout the cycle.ResultsThe femur was positioned more medially relative to the tibia, with increasing varus alignment of the tibial component. Medial/lateral (ML) translation was smallest in the 2° varus model. A greater posterior slope posteriorized the medial condyle and increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tension. ML translation was increased in the > 7° posterior slope model and the 0° model.ConclusionThe current study suggests that the preferred tibial component alignment is between neutral and 2° varus in the coronal plane, and between 3° and 7° posterior slope in the sagittal plane. Varus > 4° or valgus alignment and excessive posterior slope caused excessive ML translation, which could be related to feelings of instability and could potentially have negative effects on clinical outcomes and implant durability. Cite this article: K. Sekiguchi, S. Nakamura, S. Kuriyama, K. Nishitani, H. Ito, Y. Tanaka, M. Watanabe, S. Matsuda. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:126–135. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.83.BJR-2018-0208.R2.
Sorption of Cs(I) on Fe-montmorillonite relevant to geological disposal of HLW
Authors: Chikkamath Santosh , Patel Madhuri A. , Kar Aishwarya S. , Raut Vaibhavi V. , Tomar Bhupendra S. , Manjanna Jayappa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Bentonite is the candidate buffer and backfill material in the deep geological repositories. Montmorillonite (Mt) is the major clay minerals of bentonite. Over a long period of time, the interaction of corrosion products from overpack and/or cansister with clay minerals is expected to result in formation of Fe(III)-Mt, a plausible alterated product. In this context, it is important to understand the properties of Fe-Mt in comparison with original clay mineral, Na-Mt. In the present study, sorption behavior of Cs(I), long lived fission product (135Cs, t1/2 = 2.3 × 106 years; 137Cs, t1/2 = 30.1 years) with high fission yield, on Fe(III)-Mt is investigated. Batch sorption studies are conducted at varying pH (3–9), ionic strength (0.001–1 M) and Cs(I) concentration (10−10 to 0.05 M). The distribution coefficient (Kd) of Cs(I) on Fe(III)-Mt was found to be independent of pH except at low pH, indicating ion exchange mechanism as dominant interaction mode for Cs(I). It was further verified by ionic strength variation which depicted decrease in Cs(I) sorption with increasing ionic strength. Adsorption isotherm of Cs(I) was found to be linear over the concentration range of 10−10 to 10−3 M Cs(I). The Fe released from Fe(III)-Mt during the Cs(I) sorption was found to be not more than 0.2 ppm. However, on lowering the pH and increasing the ionic strength, the Fe release increased. Furthermore, the apparent diffusion coefficient for Cs(I) in Fe(III)-Mt has been determined.