bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Chemotherapy Schedules in Ewing's Sarcoma: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Singh Pramod , Kapoor Rakesh , Teja Ravi , Kumar Ritesh , Bahl Amit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdvances in the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs) are a result of improvements in systemic and local therapies. VACA (vincristine, Adriamycin [doxorubicin], cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin) chemotherapy alone versus VACA + IE (VACA with alternate ifosfamide, etoposide) improve survival, but this regimen cannot be given to all patients due to poor tolerance and 5-day schedule chemotherapy in VACA + IE schedule. We reviewed the records of 50 patients treated as per our institutional protocols from 2007 to 2011. Two schedules of chemotherapy followed were vincristine, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (VAC) and VAC with alternate ifosfamide, etoposide (VAC + IE). Factors predictive of local failure and distant recurrence were analyzed. A total of 50 patients were analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 14 years. Thirty-two patients were male, whereas 18 were female. Approximately, 95% of the patients relapsed after a median time gap of 1.6 years. The median 5-year disease-free survival was 30%. Systemic treatment with VAC or VAC + IE–based chemotherapy had equal local control and distant control rates. Smaller tumors had a better local control and lesser systemic failure than those of larger sizes. Successful treatment of Ewing's sarcoma requires optimal systemic and local therapy. Both the chemotherapy regimens showed equal survival rates. Control of both the local and distant diseases is a result of the combined modality approach. Stage at presentation is the most important factor for prognosis. Complete surgery and local radiotherapy are important predictive factors for local and systemic control.
“That’s a stupid question!”
Authors: Ohta Amy Snyder , Prior Matthew T. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study of a bilingual (Japanese-English) research interview, taken from a project investigating language practices in intermarried (Japanese/non-Japanese) families, examines the impact of interviewer and interviewee’s differing, and sometimes competing, perspectives and agendas. Drawing on conversation analysis and informed by work on stance, it examines how the interviewer’s presumptions, based in part on interviews with other family members, shaped the interview and challenged the Japanese interviewee’s identity as a good parent, and even, potentially, his linguistic identity as an English speaker. Following the interviewer’s code-switches from English to Japanese as part of repair, the interviewee uses standard Japanese and a regional variety that breaks out of the ‘information gathering/confirming’ frame and expresses an extended, more direct, and oppositional stance toward the research topic. By closely examining the unfolding interaction between interviewer and interviewee, this chapter offers a reflective perspective on research interviewing practices and how language ideology and language choice impact the generation of data and the management of conflicting perspectives between interviewer and interviewee.
Successful Treatment with Slow-Release Oral Morphine following Afentanyl-Related Overdose: A Case Report
Authors: Prinsloo Gerrit , Ahamad Keith , Socías M. Eugenia 
Published: March 2019

Background Overdose deaths as a result of untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) pose a major public health concern across North America. Although slow-release oral morphine (SROM) is increasingly used as an alternative option for the treatment of OUD, research on its efficacy among individuals exposed to illicit fentanyl or those with previous unsuccessful attempts with other opioid agonist therapies (OATs) is limited and controversial. Case We present a case of a 48-year-old male with severe OUD seeking treatment following a near-fatal fentanyl overdose. His previous treatment attempts with methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone-based OAT had been unsuccessful. As per local guidelines, he was started on SROM with subsequent cessation of opioid cravings and illicit drug use. Discussion This case report describes a patient entering early remission for OUD when treated with SROM following unsuccessful past treatment attempts on first-line oral medications. Future studies should seek to evaluate SROM-based OAT as a potential second-line treatment alternative for OUD.
Patient Perspectives on Alcohol use Disorder Pharmacotherapy and Integration of Treatment into Primary Care Settings
Authors: Haley Sean J. , Pinsker Erika A. , Gerould Heather , Wisdom Jennifer P. , Hagedorn Hildi J. 
Published: March 2019

Background Evidence-based pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are underutilized. This mixed-methods study reports supplementary findings from the alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy and treatment in primary care (ADaPT-PC) implementation study at 3 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) hospital sites to understand why prescription rates did not increase following the ADaPT-PC intervention. Methods Qualitative interviews ( N = 30) were conducted in advance of the ADaPT-PC intervention to understand patients’ pharmacotherapy attitudes among those in AUD treatment, with previous treatment experience, or who needed assistance with their alcohol use. Following the ADaPT-PC intervention, chart reviews from a random sample of patients with AUD or a most recent Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test consumption questions (AUDIT-C) score >8, and no active AUD prescription, were conducted to determine the frequency of alcohol-related conversations ( N = 455). Results Most interviewed patients welcomed a discussion about their alcohol use and pharmacotherapy. Of the 15 medication-naïve patients interviewed, 6 stated that they would be willing to try pharmacotherapy, 5 stated that they were unlikely, 2 identified reservations, 1 said no, and 1 was not asked. Fifteen patients were either currently taking medications ( n = 10) or had taken medication in the past ( n = 7; 2 patients had past and current experience). Chart reviews indicated that although 66% of charts ( n = 299) documented a discussion of their alcohol use with the provider, only 7.5% ( n = 22) of individuals with an AUD diagnosis had a documented discussion of AUD pharmacotherapy, and only 5 received pharmacotherapy. Conclusion Most interviewed patients were open to discussing AUD treatment, including discussions of pharmacotherapy, with their provider. From documented conversations about alcohol use to treatment options, medical records suggests a continuous narrowing of the number of patients engaged in alcohol-related consultations. Although some interviewed patients expressed reticence about initiating pharmacotherapy, these findings suggest that the treatment cascade may have a greater influence on the number of pharmacotherapy prescriptions than patients’ preferences.
The FIFA 11 programme reduces the costs associated with ankle and hamstring injuries in amateur Spanish football players: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nouni‐Garcia Rauf , Asensio‐Garcia María Rosario , Orozco‐Beltran Domingo , Lopez‐Pineda Adriana , Gil‐Guillen Vicente F. , Quesada Jose A. , Bernabeu Casas Roberto Carlos , Carratala‐Munuera Concepcion 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of the “Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11” injury prevention programme for ankle and hamstring injuries. This retrospective cohort study included eighty‐four male amateur football players aged 18–40 years. The exposed group performed the FIFA 11 protocol twice a week throughout the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 seasons; the unexposed group performed the usual training during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 seasons. Lateral ankle ligament and hamstring injuries were recorded over the whole study period. We compared the mean costs associated with lateral ankle ligament and hamstring injuries in the two groups. The mean cost per player and lateral ankle injury was EUR 928 in the unexposed group versus EUR 647 in the exposed group (p = 0.19). The mean cost of hamstring injury per player was EUR 1271 in the unexposed group versus EUR 742 in the exposed group (p = 0.028). The mean total cost per player was EUR 2199 in the unexposed group versus EUR 1273 in the exposed group (p = 0.008). We concluded that the use of the FIFA 11 injury prevention programme reduced both the direct and indirect costs associated with lateral ankle ligament and hamstring injuries.
Both/And
Authors: Felski Rita 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This essay responds to Winfried Fluck’s review of The Limits of Critique (2015). While appreciating the care and attention with which Fluck reads my book, I do not see the book as displaying a “corporeal bias.” While it addresses the role of mood and disposition, it also stresses the importance of interpretation, thought, and meaning. I also clarify that The Limits of Critique is not an argument against routine as such—quite the opposite—but seeks to clarify the specific contradictions that arise from the routinization of critique. How does the status of critique change when the rhetoric of defamiliarization becomes all too familiar and a discourse of transgression and resistance is a required academic methodology?
Time for a change: patterns of sex expression, health and mortality in a sex-changing tree
Authors: Blake-Mahmud Jennifer , Struwe Lena 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
The ability of individuals to change sex during their lifetime is known as environmental sex determination (ESD). This represents a unique life history trait, allowing plants to allocate resources differentially to male and female functions across lifetimes, potentially maximizing fitness in response to changing environmental or internal cues. In this study, Acer pensylvanicum, a species with an unconfirmed sex determination system, was investigated to see what patterns in sex expression existed across multiple years, if there were sex-based differences in growth and mortality, and whether this species conformed to theoretical predictions that females are larger and in better condition.

Methods
Patterns of sex expression were documented over 4 years in a phenotypically subdioecious A. pensylvanicum population located in New Jersey, USA, and data on size, mortality, health and growth were collected. A machine-learning algorithm known as a boosted classification tree was used to develop a model to predict the sex of a tree based on its condition, size and previous sex.

Results
In this study, 54 % of the trees switched sex expression during a 4-year period, with 26 % of those trees switching sex at least twice. Consistently monoecious trees could change relative sex expression by as much as 95 %. Both size and condition were influential in predicting sex, with condition exerting three times more relative influence than size on expressed sex. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the model showed that full female sex expression did not increase with size. Healthy trees were more likely to be male; predicted female sex expression increased with deteriorating health. Growth rate negatively correlated with multiple years of female sex expression. Populations maintained similar male-skewed sex ratios across years and locations and may result from differential mortality: 75 % of dead trees flowered female immediately before death.

Conclusions
This study shows conclusively that A. pensylvanicum exhibits ESD and that femaleness correlates with decreased health, in contrast to prevailing theory. The mortality findings advance our understanding of puzzling non-equilibrium sex ratios and life history trade-offs resulting from male and female sex expression.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in a Well-vaccinated South African Birth Cohort: Spectrum of Disease and Risk Factors
Authors: le Roux David M , Nicol Mark P , Myer Landon , Vanker Aneesa , Stadler Jacob A M , von Delft Eckart , Zar Heather J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) cause substantial morbidity and under-5 child mortality. The epidemiology of LRTI is changing in low- and middle-income countries with expanding access to conjugate vaccines, yet there are few data on the incidence and risk factors for LRTI in these settings.MethodsA prospective birth cohort enrolled mother–infant pairs in 2 communities near Cape Town, South Africa. Active surveillance for LRTI was performed for the first 2 years of life over 4 respiratory seasons. Comprehensive data collection of risk factors was done through 2 years of life. World Health Organization definitions were used to classify clinical LRTI and chest radiographs.ResultsFrom March 2012 to February 2017, 1143 children were enrolled and followed until 2 years of age. Thirty-two percent of children were exposed to antenatal maternal smoking; 15% were born at low birth weights. Seven hundred ninety-five LRTI events occurred in 429 children by February 2017; incidence of LRTI was 0.51 and 0.25 episodes per child-year in the first and second years of life, respectively. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed, uninfected infants (vs HIV-unexposed infants) were at increased risk of hospitalized LRTI in the first 6 months of life. In regression models, male sex, low birth weight, and maternal smoking were independent risk factors for both ambulatory and hospitalized LRTI; delayed or incomplete vaccination was associated with hospitalized LRTI.ConclusionsLRTI incidence was high in the first year of life, with substantial morbidity. Strategies to ameliorate harmful exposures are needed to reduce LRTI burden in vulnerable populations.
Comparative urbanization of birds in China and Europe based on birds associated with trees
Authors: Møller Anders Pape , Xia Canwei , ZHou Bo , Che Xianli , CHu Xingzhi , Feng Changzhang , Laursen Karsten , Morelli Federico , Li Wangming , Liu Jianping , Quan Qing , Zhang Min , Zhang Qiang , ZHan Qiangwen , Ma Laikun , Wang Haitao , Zou Fasheng , Liang Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUrbanization effects on living organisms are spatially heterogeneous. Here we quantified the abundance of birds per tree in forested urban and rural habitats for 85,829 trees mainly in China and Europe. A population model was based on the assumption that: 1) birds have a normally distributed habitat preference; 2) an increase in population size linked to the habitat preference; 3) a population size dependent on the habitat preference; and 4) the removal of a certain fraction of individuals giving rise to extinction. We tested for large-scale differences in the impact of urbanization on the frequency distribution of the difference in abundance between urban and rural habitats in China and parts of Europe. The difference in the frequency distribution of urban population density of birds in trees minus rural population density of birds in trees in China and Europe was statistically significant, suggesting that the abundance of birds differed between trees in urban and rural habitats, but more so in China than in Europe. We hypothesize that more pronounced differences in China than in Europe may have arisen due to the Four Pests Campaign in 1958–1962 that resulted in death of hundreds of millions of birds (mainly tree sparrows Passer montanus, but also numerous other less common species that were starting to become urbanized around 1960). Species that were less common in 1960 could not sustain reductions in population size in urban areas and hence these species are still rare or absent in urban areas today 60 years later.
Evaluating Forest Biomass Recovery in South Central Alabama Pine Plantations
Authors: Grace J Mcfero , Klepac J F , Taylor Steve E 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImproved use of forest biomass has been presented as a viable option to satisfy a portion of the demand for sustainable alternative sources of energy. Yet, there are considerable gaps in our understanding related to the efficiencies of current state-of-the-art forest biomass recovery systems. Southern pine plantation biomass stands typically exhibit higher stand densities and smaller-diameter trees than conventional stands, which, in turn, may result in reduced recovery efficiencies. In this study, the impact of new harvest systems for biomass recovery was investigated in typical southern pine plantation biomass harvests. Specifically, spatial and temporal effects on residue distribution were examined following biomass harvest of 14- and 24-year-old loblolly pine plantations. Preharvest total standing biomass for the younger site at 90 t ac–1 (220 t hectare–1) was half that of the older site at 160 t ac–1 (390 t hectare–1). Although the analysis detected no significant temporal effects on residue distributions, the preharvest condition exhibited 100 percent ground cover, whereas postharvest conditions had nearly 20 percent of the area designated as bare. Two of the five residue classifications, light debris and litter-herbaceous, were found to have a significantly higher incidence of occurrence than the other residue classifications on the sites based on a multinomial regression. In general, we found recovery efficiencies for both sites of 80 percent or greater for both methods of determination, by destructive sampling and based on load tickets.
Population structure and spatial distribution of porbeagles (Lamna nasus) in Irish waters
Authors: Cameron Luke W J , Roche William K , Houghton Jonathan D R , Mensink Paul J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPorbeagles throughout the North Atlantic have experienced severe population decline through overfishing, with the northeastern population listed as critically endangered. Management of this population is constrained by the paucity of data on porbeagle population structure, distribution and behaviour in this region. Here we use a long-term (47 year) Irish capture-mark-recapture dataset to investigate the population structure, spatial distribution and seasonal movements of this species. From 1970–2017, a total of 268 sharks (9 recaptures) were ID tagged, with most individuals likely being juvenile based on length at maturity estimates (mean total length = 143.9 cm, SD = 35.4). Almost all captures were recorded at three distinct locations near angling hubs along the south, west and north coasts with catches peaking in August. Long-term trends in capture date indicated a shift towards earlier capture dates in the northern site (n = 153). Our findings suggest Irish waters may act as a persistent summer aggregation site for juveniles, which show evidence for seasonal site fidelity, returning to nearby locations between years. These findings demonstrate the utility of such programmes, which can be implemented, with minimal expense by engaging with the angling sector, to elucidate the population structure and distribution of wide-ranging fish species.
What Is the Dose-Response Relationship Between Exercise and Cardiorespiratory Fitness After Stroke? A Systematic Review
Authors: Galloway Margaret , Marsden Dianne L , Callister Robin , Erickson Kirk I , Nilsson Michael , English Coralie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Exercise after stroke improves cardiorespiratory fitness and walking capacity; however, the effect of altering exercise dose (via frequency, intensity, time, and type) on fitness or walking capacity is unclear.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to synthesize the current evidence for the effects of different doses of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and walking capacity in people after stroke.

Data Sources
Seven relevant electronic databases were searched using keywords relating to stroke and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Study Selection
Trials that compared more than 1 dose of exercise for people (≥ 18 years old) after stroke and measured peak oxygen consumption or 6-minute walk test distance as an outcome were included. Two reviewers independently appraised all trials.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers independently extracted data from included articles. Intervention variables were extracted in accordance with the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist.

Data Synthesis
Data were synthesized narratively. Nine trials involving 279 participants were included. Three of 5 trials comparing exercise intensity showed that higher-intensity training was associated with greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. The effects of other exercise dose components (frequency, time, and type) on fitness were not determined. Overall, walking capacity improved as program length increased.

Limitations
All trials had a high risk of bias, and most had a high rate of attrition. Most trials included people more than 6 months after stroke and who walked independently, limiting the generalizability of the findings.

Conclusions
Exercising at an intensity greater than 70% of heart rate reserve can be more effective in increasing cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke than exercising at lower intensities. More trials that compare exercise doses by manipulating only 1 dose parameter at a time for people after stroke are needed.
Medication adherence among patients with chronic diseases: a survey-based study in pharmacies
Authors: Jüngst C , Gräber S , Simons S , Wedemeyer H , Lammert F 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPoor adherence to medication leads to worsening of the disease, increased mortality and substantial rise in health care costs.AimIt was our aim to evaluate drug adherence and influencing factors in a cohort of non-selected adult pharmacy customers with various chronic diseases and following long-term treatment.Design and MethodsWe conducted an 8 week anonymized survey in 152 German pharmacies using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale to measure medication adherence and a questionnaire comprising questions on multiple factors with potential impact on adherence. Depression was assessed applying the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.ResultsIn total, 1192 patients were included showing an overall adherence rate of 59.1%. A positive association to drug adherence was found in univariate analysis for non-smoking status, retirement, less disease related complaints, positive belief in drug effects, comprehensive knowledge about the disease and high quality of care by the physician and pharmacist. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that no or minimal depression (odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–3.0), higher patient age (>63 years) (OR 2.2, CI 1.7–2.8), high perceived importance of the medication (OR 2.0, CI 1.5–2.6), good tolerability of the medication (OR 2.0, CI 1.2–3.5) and drug effect as expected or better (OR 1.6, CI 1.1–2.3) were positively correlated with adherence.ConclusionsSuboptimal adherence to medication is common in pharmacy customers with chronic diseases. The determined factors influencing adherence may help to identify patients at risk for nonadherence and support the need of improvement in physicians’ communication with patients to achieve adequate adherence rates.