bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Head Movements Induced by ‘Riloid’ Patterns in Migraine and Control Groups Using a Virtual Reality Display
Authors: O’Hare Louise , Sharp Alex , Dickinson Patrick , Richardson Graham , Shearer John 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Certain striped patterns can induce illusory motion, such as those used in op-art. The visual system and the vestibular system work together closely, and so it is possible that illusory motion from a visual stimulus can result in uncertainty in the vestibular system. This increased uncertainty may be measureable in terms of the magnitude of head movements. Head movements were measured using a head-mounted visual display. Results showed that stimuli associated with illusory motion also seem to induce greater head movements when compared to similar stimuli. Individuals with migraine are more susceptible to visual discomfort, and this includes illusory motion from striped stimuli. However, there was no evidence of increased effect of illusory motion on those with migraine compared to those without, suggesting that while motion illusions may affect discomfort judgements, this is not limited to only those with migraine.
Is Hinduism ambivalent about suicide?
Authors: Vijayakumar Lakshmi , John Sujit 
Published: May 2018

Background: Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world and has over 1.1 billion adherents comprising about 16% of the global population living mainly in India and Nepal. The stand of Hinduism on suicide has been ambiguous through the ages, on one hand, condemning general suicides, while condoning religious suicides on the other. This ambiguity is reflected in contemporary India and among the Indian diaspora. Aims: To examine the stand of Hinduism as a religion in the context of suicide. Method: A selected review of literature covering the major Hindu religious texts, cultural practices and suicide. Results: People who follow Hinduism have a suicide rate of about 21 per 100,000 population compared to the global average of 11.4. Hindu countries have higher rates of suicide compared to Islamic and Christian countries, but these rates are lower when compared to Atheist and Buddhist countries. This is reflected in the Indian diaspora as well with reports from Fiji, the Caribbean, Malaysia and the United Kingdom, indicating that suicide was disproportionately high among those of Indian origin. However, a strong faith in Hinduism acts as protective factor. The Hindu belief in karma fosters a sense of acceptance of the vicissitudes of life with equanimity, and the belief in the cycle of births and deaths renders suicide meaningless, as one’s soul continues after death. Their religious beliefs makes the Hindus tolerate and accept hardships and calamities stoically. Conclusion: In certain situations, the Hindu religion acts as a protective factor, whereas at other times, it may increase the risk of suicide. It is important to understand these different nuances in the Hindu religion in formulating a culturally appropriate suicide prevention strategy.
Effects of sodium citrate, citric acid and lactic acid on human blood coagulation
Authors: Scaravilli Vittorio , Di Girolamo Luca , Scotti Eleonora , Busana Mattia , Biancolilli Osvaldo , Leonardi Patrizia , Carlin Andrea , Lonati Caterina , Panigada Mauro , Pesenti Antonio , Zanella Alberto 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Citric acid infusion in extracorporeal blood may allow concurrent regional anticoagulation and enhancement of extracorporeal CO2 removal. Effects of citric acid on human blood thromboelastography and aggregometry have never been tested before. Methods: In this in vitro study, citric acid, sodium citrate and lactic acid were added to venous blood from seven healthy donors, obtaining concentrations of 9 mEq/L, 12 mEq/L and 15 mEq/L. We measured gas analyses, ionized calcium (iCa++) concentration, activated clotting time (ACT), thromboelastography and multiplate aggregometry. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare the acidifying and anticoagulant properties of the three compounds. Results: Sodium citrate did not affect the blood gas analysis. Increasing doses of citric and lactic acid progressively reduced pH and HCO3− and increased pCO2 (p<0.001). Sodium citrate and citric acid similarly reduced iCa++, from 0.39 (0.36-0.39) and 0.35 (0.33-0.36) mmol/L, respectively, at 9 mEq/L to 0.20 (0.20-0.21) and 0.21 (0.20-0.23) mmol/L at 15 mEq/L (p<0.001). Lactic acid did not affect iCa++ (p=0.07). Sodium citrate and citric acid similarly incremented the ACT, from 234 (208-296) and 202 (178-238) sec, respectively, at 9 mEq/L, to >600 sec at 15 mEq/L (p<0.001). Lactic acid did not affect the ACT values (p=0.486). Sodium citrate and citric acid similarly incremented R-time and reduced α-angle and maximum amplitude (MA) (p<0.001), leading to flat-line thromboelastograms at 15 mEq/L. Platelet aggregometry was not altered by any of the three compounds. Conclusions: Citric acid infusions determine acidification and anticoagulation of blood similar to lactic acid and sodium citrate, respectively.
A new method for visualizing pulmonary artery microvasculature using synchrotron radiation pulmonary microangiography: the measurement of pulmonary arterial blood flow velocity in the high pulmonary blood flow rat model
Authors: Tokunaga Chiho , Matsushita Shonosuke , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Kubota Misao , Tanioka Kenkichi , Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: May 2018

Background Increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and shear stress may provoke irreversible vascular remodeling, yet invasive visualization of the microvasculature complicates monitoring. A non-invasive imaging methodology would therefore safely provide mechanistic insights into the progression of high PBF-induced vascular remodeling. Purpose To establish a novel microvasculature visualization method using synchrotron radiation pulmonary microangiography (SRPA) that can also calculate PBF velocity in vivo. Material and Methods A high PBF rat model was established by making a fistula between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. After eight weeks, SRPA was performed and the dynamic density changes in the right lower pulmonary artery (PA) were calculated by software. SRPA was performed with a HARP (High-Gain Avalanche Rushing amorphous Photoconductor) receiver. PBF velocity was calculated by contrast medium transit time within the PA. All data were presented as mean ± standard error (SE). Student's t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results High dynamic spatial and contrast resolution from SRPA in the PA allowed for clear pulmonary microangiography and accurate detection of higher PBF in the rat model (82.3 ± 8.5 mm/s high-PBF group vs. 46.1 ± 4.3 mm/s control group, P < 0.01). Conclusions These novel results demonstrate that SRPA was useful in both visualizing the dynamic flow distribution within the microvasculature and calculating PBF velocity. This newly developed, non-invasive technology may become a powerful tool in clarifying the mechanism of vascular remodeling associated with high PBF-induced shear stress.
Hyperbaric oxygen inhibits production of CD3+ T cells in the thymus and facilitates malignant glioma cell growth
Authors: Wang Yong-Gang , Long Jiang , Shao Dong-Chuan , Song Hai 
Published: May 2018

Objective Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is an emerging complementary alternative medical approach in glioma treatment. However, its mode of action is unknown, so this was investigated in the present study. Methods We constructed an intracranial glioma model of congenic C57BL/6J mice. Glioma growth under HBO stimulation was assessed by bioluminescent imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Flow cytometry assessed direct effects of HBO on reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling of transplanted glioma cells and organs, and quantified mature T cells and subgroups in tumors, the brain, and blood. Results HBO promoted the growth of transplanted GL261-Luc glioma in the intracranial glioma mouse model. ROS signaling of glioma cells and brain cells was significantly downregulated under HBO stimulation, but thymus ROS levels were significantly upregulated. CD3+ T cells were significantly downregulated, while both Ti/Th cells (CD3+CD4+) and Ts/Tc cells (CD3+CD8+) were inhibited in tumors of the HBO group. The percentage of regulatory T cells in Ti/Th (CD3+CD4+) cells was elevated in the tumors and thymuses of the HBO group. Conclusion HBO induced ROS signaling in the thymus, inhibited CD3+ T cell generation, and facilitated malignant glioma cell growth in vivo in the intracranial glioma mouse model.
Breastfeeding Practices Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Women at the Postpartum Visit
Authors: Garrett Cameryn C. , Azimov Michelle , Campwala Khozema , Sarmiento Maria , Linton Kristen Faye 
Published: May 2018

Background: Breastfeeding is an active area in public health advocacy. Despite documented benefits for infants and mothers, exclusive breastfeeding is not universal. Ethnicity, among other variables, has been shown to influence breastfeeding practice. Research aim: Our study aimed to determine which variables are associated with infant feeding patterns at the postpartum visit; compare the sociodemographic variables associated with infant feeding patterns between Hispanic and non-Hispanic mothers; and determine the odds of exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and exclusive formula feeding associated with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional two-group comparison design was used. Hispanic and non-Hispanic women’s ( N = 666) infant feeding patterns at 6-week postpartum were analyzed. Group comparisons were made of the demographic characteristics and infant feeding practice. Results: Thirty-four percent of Hispanic participants reported exclusive breastfeeding compared with 59% of non-Hispanic White participants. Language and body mass index were significantly associated with infant feeding patterns among Hispanic participants. Compared with non-Hispanic White participants, Hispanic participants had increased odds of reporting mixed feeding and exclusive formula feeding. Conclusion: Breastfeeding initiatives should target English-speaking Hispanic mothers and obese Hispanic mothers to align breastfeeding rates with medical recommendations. Healthcare providers may benefit from additional training to address barriers to breastfeeding among obese women and to provide culturally sensitive support that encourages continued breastfeeding in this population.
Breaking Out of the Bubble Putting Simulation Into Context to Increase Immersion and Performance
Authors: Backlund Per , Maurin Söderholm Hanna , Engström Henrik , Andersson Hagiwara Magnus , Lebram Mikael 
Published: May 2018

Objective.Simulation based training with full-size mannequins is a prominent means of training within the healthcare sector. Prehospital missions include all parts of the healthcare process which take place before a patient is handed over to the receiving hospital. This implies that the context for prehospital care is varied and potentially challenging or dangerous in several ways. In this article we present a study which explores immersion and performance by emergency medical services (EMS) professionals in in a training situation which takes the specifics of prehospital interventions into account. Methods. The study was carried out as a field experiment at an ambulance unit. The experiment was designed to compare the differences between two types of medical scenarios: basic and contextualized. We analyzed the levels of immersion throughout the scenarios and then team performance was evaluated by independent experts. Both analyses were made by observing video recordings from multiple camera angles with a custom made analysis tool. Results. Our results show that the contextualization of a medical scenario increases both immersion as measured by the Immersion Score Rating Instrument (ISRI) and team performance as measured by the Global Rating Scale (GRS). The overall ISRI score was higher in the contextualized condition as compared to the basic condition, with an average team wise difference of 2.94 (sd = 1.45). This difference is significant using a paired, two-tailed t-test (p<.001). The GRS score was higher for overall clinical performance in the contextualized scenario with an average team wise difference of 0.83 (sd = 0.83, p=.005). Conclusions. Full-size mannequin simulation based training for EMS professionals may be enhanced by contextualizing the medical scenarios. The main benefits are that the contextualized scenarios better take prehospital medical challenges into account and allow participants to perform better.
Projections of hip arthroplasty in OECD countries up to 2050
Authors: Pabinger Christof , Lothaller Harold , Portner Nicole , Geissler Alexander 
Published: May 2018

Objective: The study aims to estimate the future demand of hip arthroplasty for OECD countries and to compare the results with earlier studies. Design: Based on data availability and validity 20 countries out of the OECD sample have been selected for projection analysis. Using historic data (1995–2012) and multiple linear regression technics a projection model was designed by an iterative process considering different explanatory variables such as health care expenditure, age groups, and projection time frames. Results: The utilisation of hip implants in OECD countries continues to grow by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.2%, leading to an increase from 1.8 million per year in 2015 to 2.8 (2.6–2.9) in the year 2050. The mean utilisation rate (incidence) of hip implants will increase from 184 (143–312) to 275 (174–457) per 100.000 total population in the same time. Australia, Ireland, Norway, Switzerland and other countries will face a significant increase of utilisation of hip implants between +95% and +120% from 2015 to 2050. Conclusions: Hip arthroplasty continues to rise significantly over the next 35 years. Therefore, some countries will face an exponential use of hip arthroplasty of additional 100% or more and thus challenges for their health care budgets. Revision burden will increase disproportionately. Thus, health technology assessment (HTA) for medical devices, longevity and quality control will become more relevant.
The external obturator footprint as a landmark in total hip arthroplasty through a direct anterior approach: a CT-based analysis
Authors: Rüdiger Hannes A , Fritz Benjamin , Impellizzeri Franco M , Leunig Michael , Pfirrmann Christian W , Sutter Reto 
Published: May 2018

Background: Anatomical landmarks for templating of total hip arthroplasty (THA) that are visible both during surgery and on radiographs are rare. If surgery is performed through a direct anterior approach the external obturator tendon (EO) is consistently visible. To use this point as a reference the exact position and dimensions of the footprint need to be known. Aim: To determine the location and dimension of the EO footprint on pelvic radiographs by correlating the EO anatomy in CT scans with conventional radiographs. Methods: CT scans and radiographs of 200 patients were analysed. The EO tendon was identified on CT scans; the height of its footprint, and its distance to the tip of the greater trochanter and to the anatomical axis of the femur was measured. The accuracy and inter-rater reliability in the identification of the EO footprint was determined. Results: The EO tendon was visible on all CT scans and it’s footprint was identifiable on all corresponding radiographs. It’s cranio-caudal dimension was 6.4 ± 1.4 mm. It’s distance to the tip of the greater trochanter was 16.0 ± 3.1 mm. The EO footprint was located 5.2 ± 3.7 mm lateral to the femoral anatomical axis. There was no significant difference regarding the accuracy of EO footprint localisation on radiographs among the 2 readers. Conclusion: The EO footprint on the greater trochanter is consistently visible on CT scans and radiographs. As the variability of the footprint dimension is small, this structure may serve as a useful landmark in THA, particularly when performed through a direct anterior approach.
A logic model for pharmaceutical care
Authors: Moltó-Puigmartí Carolina , Vonk Robert , van Ommeren Gerlise , Hegger Ingrid 
Published: May 2018

Objectives To develop a logic model for pharmaceutical care that can be used by stakeholders as a tool to support innovation and to monitor the performance of the pharmaceutical care system in the Netherlands and abroad. The ultimate aim of such a system is the responsible provision of drug therapy to improve patients’ quality of life. Methods The logic model for pharmaceutical care was created following a process consisting of four steps: (1) a literature review to identify what pharmaceutical care is and what elements it consists of; (2) separate interviews with 10 stakeholder organizations to discuss the results of the literature review; (3) construction of the logic model based on the findings from steps 1 and 2; and (4) separate interviews with three stakeholder organizations to discuss and fine-tune the model. This project was carried out by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment ( Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu) in the Netherlands. Results According to the proposed logic model, pharmaceutical care is care defined as: (1) patient-centred; (2) effective and safe; (3) efficient and affordable; (4) in physical, financial and timely ways; and (5) with minimal environmental impact. Conclusion The proposed logic model provides stakeholders with a common framework for the innovation or further development of pharmaceutical care.
Bulleyaconitine A attenuates hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons induced by spared nerve injury: The role of preferably blocking Nav1.7 and Nav1.3 channels
Authors: Xie Man-Xiu , Yang Jie , Pang Rui-Ping , Zeng Wei-An , Ouyang Han-Dong , Liu Yan-Qing , Liu Xian-Guo 
Published: May 2018

Background Oral administration of Bulleyaconitine A, an extracted diterpenoid alkaloid from Aconitum bulleyanum plants, is effective for treating chronic pain in rats and in human patients, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Results As the hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons resulting from the upregulation of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels has been proved critical for development of chronic pain, we tested the effects of Bulleyaconitine A on Nav channels in rat spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. We found that Bulleyaconitine A at 5 nM increased the threshold of action potentials and reduced the firing rate of dorsal root ganglion neurons in spared nerve injury rats but not in sham rats. Bulleyaconitine A preferably blocked tetrodotoxin-sensitive Nav channels over tetrodotoxin-resistant ones in dorsal root ganglion neurons of spared nerve injury rats. Bulleyaconitine A was more potent for blocking Nav1.3 and Nav1.7 than Nav1.8 in cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for resting Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 were 995.6 ± 139.1 nM, 125.7 ± 18.6 nM, and 151.2 ± 15.4 μM, respectively, which were much higher than those for inactivated Nav1.3 (20.3 ± 3.4 pM), Nav1.7 (132.9 ± 25.5 pM), and Nav1.8 (18.0 ± 2.5 μM). The most profound use-dependent blocking effect of Bulleyaconitine A was observed on Nav1.7, less on Nav1.3, and least on Nav1.8 at IC50 concentrations. Bulleyaconitine A facilitated the inactivation of Nav channels in each subtype. Conclusions Preferably blocking tetrodotoxin-sensitive Nav1.7 and Nav1.3 in dorsal root ganglion neurons may contribute to Bulleyaconitine A’s antineuropathic pain effect.
Factors associated with late arrival of acute stroke patients to emergency department in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Khathaami Ali M , Mohammad Yasmeen O , Alibrahim Fatimah S , Jradi Hoda A 
Published: May 2018

Background: Tissue plasminogen activator within 4.5 h of onset is effective for acute ischemic stroke. However, only small proportion of patients is treated due to delayed presentation. We aimed to examine the factors associated with delays of stroke patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during a 6-month period. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire addressed to the acute stroke patients or their relatives was used to explore the factors associated with delayed arrival. Results: A total of 227 patients attending the emergency department were interviewed. The mean age was 60.4 ± 15.6 years. Approximately 56.4% presented after 4.5 h of stroke onset. Factors associated with late arrival were being alone during the onset of stroke, not being transported in an ambulance, not knowing that they were experiencing a stroke, and residing outside the city of Riyadh. Conclusion: More than half of patients missed the golden hours for thrombolysis due to delayed presentation. Reasons include lack of knowledge, underuse of ambulance and difficult access to care. Urgent community-based interventions are needed to address these factors.
Multidisciplinary Cleft Palate Program at BC Children’s Hospital: Are We Meeting the Standards of Care?
Authors: Dahiya Anita , Courtemanche Rebecca , Courtemanche Douglas J. 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To characterize current Cleft Palate Program (CPP) practices and evaluate the timeliness of appointments with respect to patient age and diagnosis based on American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA) population guidelines and CPP patient-specific recommendations. Design: A retrospective review of CPP patient appointments from November 6, 2012, to March 31, 2015, was done. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Setting: The study was conducted using data from the CPP at BC Children’s Hospital. Patients: A total of 1214 appointments were considered in the analysis, including syndromic and nonsyndromic patients of 0 to 27 years of age. Main Outcome Measures: Percentage of patients meeting follow-up targets by ACPA standards and CPP team recommendations. Results: Our results showed patients 5 years and younger or nonsyndromic were more likely to be seen on time ( P < .001). No relationship between the timeliness of an appointment and specific patient diagnoses or distance to clinic was found. With the exception of nursing (97% of appointments were on time), all disciplines had less than 45% of appointments on time with 51% of appointments meeting ACPA guidelines for timeliness and 32% of all appointments meeting CPP recommendations. Conclusion: Timely care for the cleft/craniofacial patient populations represents a challenge for the CPP. Although half of patients may meet the general ACPA guidelines, only 32% of patients are meeting the CPP patient-specific recommendations. To provide better patient care, future adjustments are needed, which may include improved resource allotment and program support.