bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variações lexicais do português de/em contato com a língua wajãpi: uma abordagem geossociolinguística
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Doraci Guedes , Razky Abdelhak 
Published: July 2019

<p><strong>RESUMO:</strong> Este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear, descrever e analisar, em uma perspectiva Geossociolinguística, A Variação Lexical do Português Brasileiro Falado na Terra Indígena Wajãpi, no Estado do Amapá. O estudo aqui proposto adotou o modelo e os procedimentos de análise que consideram os princípios da Geolinguística e da Dialetologia Pluridimensional (CARDOSO, 2010; RAZKY, 1998) e (RADTKE e THUN, 1996). Para tanto, o <em>corpus</em> foi coletado por meio da aplicação do Questionário Semântico Lexical (QSL) do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) 2001, no qual contém 202 questões, distribuídas em catorze campos semânticos, mas que foram adaptadas para melhor cumprir os objetivos da pesquisa em tela, foram então, consideradas 121 questões, aplicadas a 20 informantes, quatro de cada ponto de inquérito; nas comunidades de Aramirã, Pairakae, CTA, Mariry, Kurani’yty, com perfil estratificado de acordo com sexo, idade e escolaridade; o primeiro grupo é composto de um homem e uma mulher, na faixa etária de 18 a 30 anos, não alfabetizados ou alfabetizados até a 8ªsérie do ensino fundamental; o segundo grupo, também composto por um homem e uma mulher, na faixa etária de 40 a 70 anos, não alfabetizados ou alfabetizados até a 8ªsérie do ensino fundamental. Com base na análise dos resultados, constatou-se que apesar da produtividade de língua portuguesa ser frequente pelos homens mais idosos, notou-se que existe um baixo processo de aprendizagem do português pelos falantes de primeira faixa etária (MA) e (FA), isso se deve ao fato de que eles ainda preservam a língua materna, pois percebeu-se que existe um índice elevado de sem respostas (SR).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Geossociolinguística. Variação lexical. Dialetologia pluridimensional. </p><div> </div>
Família, criatividade e prazer no ofício: etnografia da aprendizagem em uma marcenaria na Amazônia
Authors: Loureiro Luiz Francisco , Silva do Nascimento Ana Claudeise , Souza Marilia De Jesus , Peralta Nelissa 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo discute aspectos do aprendizado como meio de reprodução do ofício de marceneiro, em uma cidade do interior do estado do Amazonas. Por meio da observação do contexto e do levantamento de evidências orais, buscamos conhecer as dimensões técnicas e simbólicas desta prática social que circulam entre os membros de uma comunidade de praticantes. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que, do ponto de vista técnico, os principais itens ali aprendidos são o diagnóstico de situações e a aplicação de técnicas adequadas para a resolução de problemas comuns a este ofício. Já do ponto de vista simbólico, é o aprendizado de valores necessários e as percepções sobre o ofício em relação à sociedade que possuem maior ênfase. Finalmente, apontamos como as principais características do ofício de marceneiro, no contexto analisado, suas dimensões familiares e criativas, que conferem a esta prática social a qualificação de prazerosa entre seus praticantes.
Conexões entre imagem fotográfica e memória social do garimpo
Authors: Matos Bandeira Junior Carlos Matos , Da Silva Rubens Elias 
Published: July 2019

Este ensaio é composto por fotografias produzidas pelo pesquisador e principalmente oriundas do acervo pessoal dos interlocutores. Propõe-se a refletir as conexões entre a imagem fotográfica e o processo de constituição de memória coletiva (HALBWACHS, 1968) articuladas por ex-garimpeiros sobre o trabalho e a cotidianidade das relações elaboradas nos garimpos de ouro da região Amazônica, sobretudo os da área do Tapajós, que na década de 1970 e 1980 estiveram em grande efervescência e, pelos quais, os agentes interlocutores viveram por muitos anos de suas vidas.
“ODOR DE ROSAS”: família e memória da PHEBO em Belém
Authors: Nummer Fernanda Valli 
Published: July 2019

Apresentação de um resumo de uma pesquisa em andamento que busca resgatar a memória das relações familiares da PHEBO na cidade Belém, a partir de entrevistas com a família dos fundadores da empresa, os Santiago, desde a data de sua fundação 1934 até a venda da empresa em 1988.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN ATAS PENGGUNAAN BAHAN FORMALIN PADA MAKANAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Gibtiah Gibtiah 
Published: July 2019

In food production, many producers use food technology that makes food quickly damaged, becomes durable and stays good, by adding preservatives. so that the food can remain fresh, smell and taste unchanged, not quickly damaged or rot due to exposure to bacteria / fungi, however, many manufacturers cheat by adding preservatives that are harmful to the body, and can rob human lives, such as formalin, substances Formalin is a chemical that is used for external purposes, which if consumed will cause many negative effects on the body. The use of formaldehyde is prohibited in the use of additives in food. and can be held accountable for penalties in the form of administrative sanctions and penalties. So how is the legal protection of consumers using formalin hazardous substances according to the Consumer Protection Act? And what is the view of Islamic law on the practice of using formaldehyde in food? and what is the role of relevant institutions to protect consumers from formalin-related additives in Palembang City? Legal protection for consumers of formalin substances in the form of regulations and laws, among others: business actors are held accountable for losses suffered by consumers (Article 15 of the Consumer Protection Act Number 8 of 1999. Whereas in Islamic law regarding food containing formalin ingredients) , categorized as illegitimate to be eaten because it has been mixed between the halal and the haram.Based on the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number: 43 of 2012 concerning Formalin Abuse and other Hazardous Substances, formalin food is prohibited because it brings harm, ie if swallowed it can irritate the stomach, nausea, vomiting, and can lead to death, while those that are related to consumer protection are: a). Drug and Food Control Agency (BPOM); b). Institute for Self-Help Consumer Protection (LPKSM); c). National Consumer Protection Agency (BPKN) and d).Indonesian Consumers Foundation (YLKI).
Keywords: Formalin, Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, halal food.
MEDIA SOSIAL DAN PEMBELAJARAN: STUDI EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN FACEBOOK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Meinawati Euis , Baron Rifari 
Published: July 2019

Abstrak
Penelitian ini adalah kajian tentang efektivitas penggunaan media sosial, yaitu facebook, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menulis deskriptif berbahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Data dikumpulkan dari observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: 1) proses pembelajaran menulis deskriptif bahasa Inggris menggunakan facebook lebih bervariasi dan menyenangkan, dan 2) ada peningkatan kemampuan menulis deskriptif bahasa Inggris yang ditandai dari peningkatan hasil tes. Hal tersebut terlihat pada hasil nilai rata-rata pre-test sebesar 66.25, dan hasil rata-rata post-test sebesar 80.15. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa facebook dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris.
Abstract
This research is a study of the effectiveness of using social media, namely Facebook, to improve students' ability to write descriptive English. This research is a classroom action research. The data are taken from observation, documentation, and tests. The results of data analysis show that: 1) the process of learning descriptive English using Facebook is more varied and enjoyable, and 2) there is an increase in students’ ability to write descriptive English which is marked by an increase in test results. This can be seen from the average of the pre-test and pos-test score, which is 66.25 and 80.15 respectively. Thus it can be concluded that Facebook can be used to improve learning outcomes in learning English.
BIVALVES ON THE MOVE: THE INTERPLAY OF EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC FACTORS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE TRACE FOSSIL PROTOVIRGULARIA
Authors: CABRERA MARÍA I. LÓPEZ , MÁNGANO M. GABRIELA , BUATOIS LUIS A. , OLIVERO EDUARDO B. , MAPLES CHRISTOPHER G. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTide-influenced deposits of the Pennsylvanian Rock Lake Shale Member, Stanton Formation, Missouri and Kansas (U.S.A.), contain well-preserved evidence of the burrowing activities of protobranch bivalves, including locomotion (Protovirgularia) and locomotion-resting (Protovirgularia-Lockeia) trace fossils. Protovirgularia shows three distinct morphotypes, the morphological variability of which was controlled by external factors such as substrate conditions, toponomy, and undertrack deficiency. Extreme morphological modifications of Protovirgularia and/or Lockeia, represented by irregular bilobate structures, probably result from erosion and subsequent partial passive filling of the original biogenic structures. In addition, very well-preserved trace fossils showing intergradation of a fan-shaped cluster of ridges with Protovirgularia-Lockeia structures are interpreted as a compound biogenic structure that represents locomotion, resting, and feeding activities of burrowing protobranch bivalves.
Language and interaction: the teaching/learning of Portuguese through textual restructuring during the formation of the subject reader/author
Authors: Luzzi Marta 
Published: July 2019

This article aims to present an analysis of the results of the research project “First authorship: the discursive process in Portuguese teaching and the formation of the reader/writer in the initial years of elementary school, Amambai-MS”, developed in the stricto sensu postgraduate program in Letras, of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The foundation is based on the socio-interactionist precepts of M. Bakhtin articulated to the thoughts of L.S. Vigotski. The text is seen as a discursive material that includes not only the senses of a polyphonic language, but also the formation of the subject reader and creator of his own text. Thus, the apprentice develops his or her text from the storytelling and, posteriorly, re-signifies it in the collective restructuring, so social values are confronted and transformed. The process takes place in the collective interaction, flowing the ideological position, subjectivity and conflicting truths, and opening itself to the creative and significant act of authorship.
Initiation time of weaning and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 2 years in Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia: Across sectional study, July 2018
Authors: Knfu Beriha Welay , Kasa Mekuria , Msgna Haftom Gebrehiwot , Gebrezgi Birhane Hailu , Welu Tesfay Hailu , Abraha Elsa Hagos 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Weaning is the period of time when infants introduce food different from breast milk in their diet, together with a gradual reduction of the intake of milk. It is estimated that 6% of under-five child mortality every year can be reduced through age appropriate infant feeding. Ethiopian demographic health survey 2016 declared that 21% of children consuming foods by age 4-5 months. Few Studies done in Ethiopia describe initiation time of weaning.
Objective: To assess initiation time of weaning and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 2 years in Aksum Town 2017/18.
Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from December to May 2017/18 among 358 mothers of children. Simple random sampling technique was used to select from the five kebeles. Data was entered to Epi info version 7 and transported to SPSS version 22. Logistic regressions were used to identify the predictors of initiation time of weaning. Variables with P value <0.05 with 95% CI in the multivariable analysis were taken for declaring level of significance. The analyzed data were presented using texts, tables, graphs and charts.
Result: In this study prevalence of early initiation of weaning was 38% (CI=33.0, 43.0). Mothers of children aged less than 2 years having poor knowledge on initiation of weaning Adjusted Odds Ratio ((AOR) =2.08, 95% CI=1.12, 3.90), mothers who were not received formal advice from health professionals on initiation of weaning (AOR =1.93, 95% CI=1.17, 3.16), mothers who return to work during post postpartum period (AOR= 3.32, CI=1.99, 5.54) and had family size of four and above (AOR= 2.53 ,95% CI=1.46, 4.39) were significantly associated factors with early initiation time of weaning.
Conclusion: In this study prevalence of early initiation of weaning was high. Having poor knowledge, not received formal weaning advice, return to work and have family size of four and above were significantly associated factors with early initiation of weaning. Hence, Formal weaning advice should be given to mothers of children at health institutions during their prenatal care service regarding to initiation time of weaning.
Key words: Initiation of weaning, early weaning, timely weaning
Effect of Ultrashort Wave on Joint Dysfunction and Muscle Atrophy in a Rabbit Model of Extending Knee Joint Contracture: Enhanced Expression of MyoD
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhou Yun , Zhang Quan Bing , Liu A Ying , Zhong Hua Zhang , Li Jun , Liu Yi , Xu Yuan Hong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
As a common clinical disease, the incidence of joint contracture which is characterized by the reduction of range of motion (ROM) in the active or passive state of the joint has increased in recent years. This study was to investigate the effects of ultrashort wave on joint dysfunction and muscle atrophy in a rabbit model of extending knee joint contracture and its mechanism.
Methods
35 rabbits underwent unilateral immobilization of a knee joint at full extension to cause joint contracture, and 5 rabbits were used for the control group. After 8 weeks immobilization, 35 rabbits were randomly divided into the following seven groups: I-8, R-1, R-2, R-4, T-1, T-2, and T-4. In the Group R-1, R-2 and R-4, the rabbits were experienced one, two, and four weeks self-recovery. In the Group T-1, T-2, and T-4, the rabbits were experienced one, two, and four weeks ultrashort wave treatment. The effect of self-recovery and ultrashort wave treatment on joint dysfunction and muscle atrophy was assessed by measuring the degree of total and myogenic contracture, evaluating the cross-sectional area (CSA) of rectus femoris and assessing the protein levels for MyoD.
Results
A tendency toward reduced the degree of total and myogenic contracture was observed after self-recovery and ultrashort wave treatment. A tendency toward increased the CSA of rectus femoris and the protein levels for MyoD was observed after self-recovery and ultrashort wave treatment. The ultrashort wave treatment led a better efficacy than self-recovery against the total and the myogenic contracture, the CSA and the protein levels for MyoD of rectus femoris.
Conclusions
Ultrashort wave ameliorates joint dysfunction and muscle atrophy via upregulating the expression of MyoD protein in a rabbit model of extending knee joint contracture.
A Comparison of Contiguous Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion using a Structural Allograft versus a Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Cage: The Results of a Three-Year Follow-up
Authors: MOO ING HOW , Kam Carmen Jia Wen , Lai Maksim Wen Sheng , Yeo William , Soh Reuben Chee Cheong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of graft type in two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with plate fixation remains controversial. The primary aim of this retrospective study is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of two-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) with plate fixation using either a structural allograft or a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage.

Methods: From 2010 to 2015, 88 consecutive patients underwent a two-level ACDF of which 53 used an allograft and 35 patients with a PEEK cage. All clinical outcomes were prospectively collected preoperatively, at six months and at two years after surgery. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using visual analogue scale for neck pain and limb pain, the Neck Pain and Disability Score, Neck Disability Index, Neurogenic Symptom Score, and the Japan Orthopedic Association score. Radiological outcomes were assessed preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and at the final follow-up.

Results: A preoperative comparison revealed no difference between the two patient groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, preoperative symptoms, operated levels, and follow-up (mean= 42.8 months). No difference in improvements in the clinical outcome between the two groups was observed. Both groups showed significant improvement in mean disc height, segmental height, and segmental lordosis postoperatively. The fusion rates for PEEK cage was 100% at both levels while the fusion rates for allograft group was 98.1% at cephalad level and 94.2% at caudad level (p>0.05). Subsidence at the cephalad level occurred in 22.9% (8/35) segments in the PEEK group and 7.7% (4/52) segments in the allograft group (p=0.057). At the caudal level, a higher cage subsidence was noted in the PEEK group compared to the allograft group [37.1% (13/35) versus 15.4% (8/52)] (p=0.02). Overall, subsidence was noted in 30% (21/70) of the PEEK group and in 11% (12/104) of the allograft group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The use of PEEK cages resulted in a higher rate of subsidence in two-level ACDF as compared to allograft. Two-level ACDF using either allografts or PEEK cages resulted in similar clinical outcomes, radiological improvements in alignment and fusion rates.
Severe lymphopenia as a prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Minjun , You Guangxian , Xu Hongen , Song Tao , Zhang Haibo , Yang Jia , Jia Yongshi , Deng Qinghua , Liang Xiaodong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objectives

The relationship between total lymphocyte counts (TLCs) and survival is not well documented in rectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the association between TLCs and disease-free survival (DFS) and identify factors associated with lymphopenia in locally advanced rectal cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

Thirty-six patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. TLCs were evaluated before surgery (pre-S), before radiotherapy (pre-RT), and during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The relationship between TLCs and DFS was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Potential clinical factors associated with lymphopenia were also evaluated.

Results

Median TLC declined significantly during radiotherapy. Severe lymphopenia during CCRT was significantly associated with poorer DFS on Kaplan-Meier analysis (p=0.01), univariate regression analysis (p=0.036), and multivariate regression analysis (p=0.038). Pre-S TLCs (p=0.009) and pre-RT TLCs (p=0.042) were significantly associated with severe lymphopenia on univariate regression analysis; however, only pre-S TLCs (p=0.026) were significantly associated with severe lymphopenia on multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusions

Severe lymphopenia was a predictor of poorer DFS in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer receiving adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Pre-S TLCs were predictors of severe lymphopenia. Further study is warranted to reduce the rate of severe lymphopenia.
Endoscopic ultrasound-based transluminal cholecystolithotomy: the retrievable anchor assisted procedure
Authors: Ge Nan , Hu Jinlong , Yang Fei , Yang Fan , Zhang Kai , Sun Siyu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
EUS guided gallbladder drainage has gradually emerging as an option among patients with cholecystitis. Stent bridged endoscope intervention in the gallbladder was further introduced. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of the ECE-LAMS and this newly designed retrievable puncture anchor applied in the transmural Cholecystolithotomy.

Method

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients undergoing EUS-guided transmural cholecystoscopic therapy. The main outcome measures for the EUS-GBD procedure were techniques success and adverse events, which were also compared between guided assisted group and retrievable anchor assisted group. The main outcome measures for the transmural cholecystoscopy after EUS-GBD were the stent indwelling time, clinical success and adverse events.

Results

A total of 24 (15 female) patients with gallstones were received the transluminal Cholecystolithotomy. Mean age is 36.08±13.69 years old. The successful rate of the anchor assisted group was high than the guidewire assisted group (92.9% Vs 70%, P=0.07). On the average of 12.25±2.77 (range 8-17) days after the initial BD drainage procedure, 20 patients received the per-oral cholecystoscopy via the fistula. Fistula broken was found in 2 patients in which the per-oral cholecystoscopy was applied on the ninth day after the EUS-GBD. During the follow-up period (mean 314.2± 213.7 days) no GB stones recurrence or other long term complications reported.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we have demonstrated that EUS-assisted per-oral cholecystoscopy technique with ECE-LMAS is an efficient and safe procedure. For the EUS-GBD procedure, retrievable anchor could significantly increase the success rate compared with the guidewire.
“…the availability of contraceptives is everywhere.”: Coordinated Family Planning Service Delivery in Rwanda Facilitates Integration into Other Health Services
Authors: Scanteianu Adriana , Schwandt Hilary M , Boulware Angel , Corey Julia , Herrera Ana , Hudler Ethan , Imbabazi Claudette , King Ilia , Linus Jessica , Manzi Innocent , Merritt Maddie , Mezier Lyn , Miller Abigail , Morris Haley , Musemakweli Dieudonne , Musekura Uwase , Mutuyimana Divine , Ntakarutimana Chimene , Patel Nirali , Shemeza Biganette-Evidente , Stapleton Madi , Sterling-Donaldson Gi’anna , Umutoni Chantal , Uwera Lyse , Zeiler Madeleine , Feinberg Seth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
High fertility rates pose health risks to both mothers and children and impede economic growth; therefore, family planning use is vital to achieving sustainable population growth and to help build thriving communities. Contraceptive use in Rwanda has tripled since 2005. This study aims to understand the role of coordinated and integrated family planning service delivery in achieving this unparalleled success in Rwanda.
Methods
This qualitative study in 2018 included eight focus group discussions with family planning providers and 32 in-depth interviews with experienced family planning users.
Results
Results indicate a well-coordinated family planning service delivery system with community health workers and nurses filling different and complementary roles in meeting family planning client needs at the local level. In addition, integration of family planning into other maternal and child health services is the norm.
Conclusions
The coordination and integration of family planning across both providers and services may help explain the extraordinary increase in Rwanda’s contraceptive usage, and has potential applications for enhancing family planning service delivery in other settings as well.