bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectro‐Electrochemical Microfluidic Platform for Monitoring Multi‐Step Cascade Reactions
Authors: Andersen Nalin I. , Artyushkova Kateryna , Matanović Ivana , Hickey David P. , Minteer Shelley D. , Atanassov Plamen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBenefits of utilizing cascade reactions for chemical synthesis include minimizing waste and decreasing experimentation times. However, these complex systems lack an efficient screening platform for evaluating their progression. A paper‐based microfluidic platform was developed to monitor cascade systems without the need for off‐line product verification. Two types of paper‐based platforms were fabricated to facilitate this study: electrochemical and spectro‐electrochemical. Electrochemical platforms were integrated with stencil‐printed electrodes and used to perform electrochemical alcohol oxidation reactions with two derivatives of the organocatalyst TEMPO (TEMPO=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐N‐oxyl). The catalyst 4‐amino‐TEMPO (TEMPO‐NH2) was used as a model catalyst that was studied not immobilized and immobilized (pyrene‐amido‐TEMPO) on electrochemical platforms. These platforms were designed to provide quasi‐stationary flow allowing constant electrochemical data collection as catalytic reactions proceeded. TEMPO‐NH2 and pyrene‐amido‐TEMPO were evaluated for the partial oxidation of glycerol and its intermediates. In comparison to TEMPO‐NH2, the pyrene‐amido‐TEMPO catalyst produced higher current outputs. Spectro‐electrochemical platforms were integrated with stencil‐printed electrodes, and a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection zone. The spectro‐electrochemical platforms allowed for catalytic conversions at the electrodes and subsequent delivery of catalytically transformed analytes to a SERS detection zone for product analysis. This platform was demonstrated for pyrene‐amido‐TEMPO and was shown to convert glycerol to mesoxalic acid. The experimental procedures for making components of the spectro‐electrochemical device were described and include: preparation of the paper‐based platform, construction of stencil‐printed electrodes, and fabrication of SERS detection zones. These platforms provide an approach to analyzing multi‐step cascade chemical reactions.
Waterborne Polyurethane Colloids with Sensitive CO2‐Switchable Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Properties
Authors: Shieh Yeong‐Tarng , Zeng Zi‐Hau , Cheng Chih‐Chia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA novel conceptual approach to gas‐responsive functionality, with the capability to tune the amphiphilic characteristics of existing waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs), via CO2/N2 bubbling in aqueous solution, is exploited. In this study, a series of functional WPUs are successfully prepared. These colloids exhibit high aqueous stability, excellent capability for emulsification/demulsification as a surfactant, and reversible hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase transition owing to reversible formation of carboxylic acid moieties induced by bubbling CO2 gas. More interestingly, when carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are covalently incorporated into these WPUs, the CNT exhibits CO2‐switchable amphiphilic behavior in a two‐phase mixture of n‐butanol (BuOH)/deionized water, forming a stable hydrophobic CNT dispersion in BuOH upon CO2 bubbling, and reversibly reverting to the previous hydrophilic CNT dispersion in water upon N2 bubbling. With simple preparation and switchable amphiphilic properties, these CO2‐responsive WPUs offer a paradigm for the development of multifunctional gas‐responsive polymers.
Development of Toolboxes for Precision Genome/Epigenome Editing and Imaging of Epigenetics
Authors: Nomura Wataru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractZinc finger (ZF) proteins are composed of repeated ββα modules and coordinate a zinc ion. ZF domains recognizing specific DNA target sequences can be substituted for the binding domains of various DNA‐modifying enzymes to create designer nucleases, recombinases, and methyltransferases with programmable sequence specificity. Enzymatic genome editing and modification can be applied to many fields of basic research and medicine. The recent development of new platforms using transcription activator‐like effector (TALE) proteins or the CRISPR‐Cas9 system has expanded the range of possibilities for genome‐editing technologies. In addition, these DNA binding domains can also be utilized to build a toolbox for epigenetic controls by fusing them with protein‐ or DNA‐modifying enzymes. Here, our research on epigenome editing including the development of artificial zinc finger recombinase (ZFR), split DNA methyltransferase, and fluorescence imaging of histone proteins by ZIP tag‐probe system is introduced. Advances in the ZF, TALE, and CRISPR‐Cas9 platforms have paved the way for the next generation of genome/epigenome engineering approaches.
Successful Use of an Inflatable Penile Prosthesis for the Treatment of Distal Deficiency of the Tunica Albuginea and Cavernous Tissue
Authors: Punjani Nahid , McGarry Patrick , Brock Gerald 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Congenital hypoplasia of the distal half of the tunica albuginea has not been previously described.

Aim
To review a patient presenting with erectile dysfunction secondary to congenital penile hypoplasia.

Methods
History, physical exam and penile Doppler ultrasound of the patient, followed by a discussed of treatment options and definitive management.

Results
Successful operative treatment of our patient with insertion of an inflatable penile prosthesis.

Conclusion
We present a case of congenital hypoplasia of the distal tunica albuginea and a successful treatment strategy. We highlight the need for further study of penile embryology.
Successful Hemodialysis Through Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: a Case Report
Authors: Meena Priti , Bhargava Vinant , Gupta Anurag , Srivastava Apurva , Gaur Lovy , Rana Devender Singh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Persistent left superior vena cava is an extremely rare venous anomaly affecting 0.5% to 2% of the general population. Persistent left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava, also termed as “isolated persistent left superior vena cava.” Persistent left superior vena cava, without associated cardiac anomalies, is usually innocuous. Its discovery, however, has important clinical implications. It can pose clinical difficulties with central venous access, hemodialysis catheter placement, and pacemaker implantation. We hereby present a case of persistent left superior vena cava that was incidentally encountered after the placement of a hemodialysis catheter through the left internal jugular vein. This case highlights the pertinent radiologic findings and emphasizes the importance of familiarity to such an anatomic anomaly.
Valuing supply‐chain responsiveness under demand jumps
Authors: Biçer Işık , Hagspiel Verena , de Treville Suzanne 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs the time between the decision about what to produce and the moment when demand is observed (the decision lead time) increases, the demand forecast becomes more uncertain. Uncertainty can increase gradually in decision lead time, or can increase as a dramatic change in median demand. Whether the forecast evolves gradually or in jumps has important implications for the value of responsiveness, which we model as the cost premium worth paying to reduce the decision lead time (the justified cost premium). Demand uncertainty arising from jumps rather than from constant volatility increases the justified cost premium when an average jump increases median demand, but decreases the justified cost premium when an average jump decreases median demand. We fit our model to two data sets, first publicly available demand data from Reebok, then point‐of‐sale data from a supermarket chain. Finally, we present two special cases of the model, one covering a sudden loss of demand, and the other a one‐time adjustment to median demand.
The Many Faces of Authoritarian Persistence: A Set-Theory Perspective on the Survival Strategies of Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Maerz Seraphine F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article examines how authoritarian regimes combine various strategies of repression, co-optation and legitimation to remain in power. The contribution of the article is two-fold. First, I conceptualize the hexagon of authoritarian persistence as a framework to explain how authoritarian regimes manage to survive. The hexagon is based on Gerschewski’s (2013) three pillars of stability but proposes some crucial modifications. In contrast to the model of the three pillars, the hexagon can grasp the causal complexity of autocratic survival because it is rooted in set theory and accounts for asymmetric causal relations, conjunctural causation and equifinality. Based on this, it illuminates how authoritarian regimes use multiple, mutually non-exclusive survival strategies. The second contribution is an empirical exploration which applies the hexagon and provides a case-oriented analysis of 62 persistent and non-persistent authoritarian regimes (1991–2010). By using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, the findings of this assessment illustrate five configurations of the hexagon – called hegemonic, performance-dependent, rigid, overcompensating and adaptive authoritarianism – as those combinations of strategies which facilitate authoritarian survival.
Bass Extension of Microspeaker System on Mobile Device
Authors: Chang J. R. , Wang C. N. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis study provides a solution for the bass extension of a microspeaker system in a mobile device that involves using a resonant combination of a front chamber and a rectangular, long, pipe-shaped port. The efficient resonant coupling of the microspeaker system to the acoustic load in this structure enables a microspeaker with modest cone displacement to achieve a high sound pressure level (SPL) and bass extension below the resonance of the microspeaker in free air, and the total dimensions of the structure are minimized. A combination of electro-mechanic-acoustic and finite element methods was applied to determine the SPL and bass extension levels for mobile devices. Simulation results show acceptable agreement with experimental results. A suitable extended-range microspeaker system was applied in a 10 inch tablet. The audio frequency response could be extended from 630 to 300 Hz with the greatest loudness. As much as possible add low bound frequency extension to make the article more clear. Finally, five cases of parameter settings for the front chamber volume, rear chamber volume, rectangular pipe-shaped port, cross-sectional area, and opening area were studied. The results can be applied for optimizing a suitable extended-range microspeaker system.
Narrating events and imputing those responsible: Reflexivity and the temporal basis of retrospective responsibility
Authors: Teles Fazendeiro Bernardo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBy showing how a number of temporal assumptions shape three mutually exclusive narratives, the article argues for a mediated and reflexive understanding of events, one that is more open and less likely to fall into the pitfalls of a confrontation between different versions of retrospective responsibility. The article begins by looking beyond the agency and structure debate and into the temporal dimension of narrative, mainly for the sake of understanding the relationship between continuity and change. The article covers three potential narratives, focusing on their influence on the study of events, policy, and retrospective responsibility. It then illustrates their impact on mainstream understandings of the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014. Upon describing the problems of positing strict continuity and change, both of which impact accounts of retrospective responsibility, the outline of a more reflexive, mediated approach to events and temporality is introduced, based on Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutics. In doing so, the article demonstrates the disadvantages ofErlebnis, an approach that unreflexively applies a limited set of temporal assumptions, highlighting instead the advantages ofErfahrung, an approach that strives for a mediated understanding of events.
Identifying the contribution of prenatal risk factors to offspring development and psychopathology: What designs to use and a critique of literature on maternal smoking and stress in pregnancy
Authors: Rice Frances , Langley Kate , Woodford Christopher , Davey Smith George , Thapar Anita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIdentifying prenatal environmental factors that have genuinely causal effects on psychopathology is an important research priority, but it is crucial to select an appropriate research design. In this review we explain why and what sorts of designs are preferable and focus on genetically informed/sensitive designs. In the field of developmental psychopathology, causal inferences about prenatal risks have not always been based on evidence generated from appropriate designs. We focus on reported links between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or conduct problems. Undertaking a systematic review of findings from genetically informed designs and “triangulating” evidence from studies with different patterns of bias, we conclude that at present findings suggest it is unlikely that there is a substantial causal effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy on either attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or conduct problems. In contrast, for offspring birth weight (which serves as a positive control) findings strongly support a negative causal effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy. For maternal pregnancy stress, too few studies use genetically sensitive designs to draw firm conclusions, but continuity with postnatal stress seems important. We highlight the importance of moving beyond observational designs, for systematic evaluation of the breadth of available evidence and choosing innovative designs. We conclude that a broader set of prenatal risk factors should be examined, including those relevant in low- and middle-income contexts. Future directions include a greater use of molecular genetically informed designs such as Mendelian randomization to test causal hypotheses about prenatal exposure and offspring outcome.
Incorporating epigenetic mechanisms to advance fetal programming theories
Authors: Conradt Elisabeth , Adkins Daniel E. , Crowell Sheila E. , Raby K. Lee , Diamond Lisa M. , Ellis Bruce 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDecades of fetal programming research indicates that we may be able to map the origins of many physical, psychological, and medical variations and morbidities before the birth of the child. While great strides have been made in identifying associations between prenatal insults, such as undernutrition or psychosocial stress, and negative developmental outcomes, far less is known about how adaptive responses to adversity regulate the developing phenotype to match stressful conditions. As the application of epigenetic methods to human behavior has exploded in the last decade, research has begun to shed light on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in explaining how prenatal conditions shape later susceptibilities to mental and physical health problems. In this review, we describe and attempt to integrate two dominant fetal programming models: the cumulative stress model (a disease-focused approach) and the match–mismatch model (an evolutionary–developmental approach). In conjunction with biological sensitivity to context theory, we employ these two models to generate new hypotheses regarding epigenetic mechanisms through which prenatal and postnatal experiences program child stress reactivity and, in turn, promote development of adaptive versus maladaptive phenotypic outcomes. We conclude by outlining priority questions and future directions for the fetal programming field.
Impact of maternal prenatal smoking on fetal to infant neurobehavioral development
Authors: Stroud Laura R. , McCallum Meaghan , Salisbury Amy L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite recent emphasis on the profound importance of the fetal environment in “programming” postnatal development, measurement of offspring development typically begins after birth. Using a novel coding strategy combining direct fetal observation via ultrasound and actocardiography, we investigated the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on fetal neurobehavior; we also investigated links between fetal and infant neurobehavior. Participants were 90 pregnant mothers and their infants (52 MSDP-exposed; 51% minorities; ages 18–40). Fetal neurobehavior at baseline and in response to vibro-acoustic stimulus was assessed via ultrasound and actocardiography atM= 35 weeks gestation and coded via the Fetal Neurobehavioral Assessment System (FENS). After delivery, the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale was administered up to seven times over the first postnatal month. MSDP was associated with increased fetal activity and fetal limb movements. Fetal activity, complex body movements, and cardiac–somatic coupling were associated with infants' ability to attend to stimuli and to self-regulate over the first postnatal month. Furthermore, differential associations emerged by MSDP group between fetal activity, complex body movements, quality of movement, and coupling, and infant attention and self-regulation. The present study adds to a growing literature establishing the validity of fetal neurobehavioral measures in elucidating fetal programming pathways.
Labour Standards Provisions in EU Free Trade Agreements: Reflections on the European Commission's Reform Agenda
Authors: HARRISON JAMES , BARBU MIRELA , CAMPLING LIAM , EBERT FRANZ CHRISTIAN , MARTENS DEBORAH , MARX AXEL , ORBIE JAN , RICHARDSON BEN , SMITH ADRIAN 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLabour standards provisions within the Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) chapters of EU Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are presented as a key element of the EU's commitment to a ‘value-based trade agenda’. But criticism of TSD chapters has led the European Commission to commit to improving their implementation and enforcement, creating a critical juncture in the evolution of the EU's trade–labour linkage. This contribution synthesizes findings from academic studies that have examined the effectiveness of labour standards provisions in EU FTAs. It then considers the reform agenda as presented by the European Commission, and explains how some of the proposals could tackle failures identified. However, it also argues that there are various limitations with the Commission's current proposals, and outlines how legal obligations and institutional mechanisms created by trade agreements could better be harnessed to improve working conditions and rights at work around the world.
Demand-based models and market failure in health care: projecting shortages and surpluses in doctors and nurses
Authors: Birch Stephen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractModels for projecting the demand for and supply of health care workers are generally based on objectives of meeting demands for health care and assumptions of status quo in all but the demographic characteristics of populations. These models fail to recognise that public intervention in health care systems arises from market failure in health care and the absence of an independent demand for health care. Hence projections of demand perpetuate inefficiencies in the form of overutilisation of services on the one hand and unmet needs for care on the other. In this paper the problems with basing workforce policy on projected demand are identified and the consequences for health care system sustainability explored. Integrated needs-based models are offered as alternative approaches that relate directly to the goals of publicly funded health care systems and represent an important element of promoting sustainability in those systems.
Basic Values and the Dark Triad Traits
Authors: Jonason Peter K. , Foster Joshua D. , Kavanagh Phillip S. , Gouveia Valdiney V. , Birkás Béla 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In samples from America, Brazil, and Hungary (N = 937), we examined the associations between the Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) and individual differences in excitement (i.e., valuing personal enjoyment), promotion (i.e., valuing achievements), existence (i.e., valuing physical survival), suprapersonal (i.e., valuing abstract ideas), interactive (i.e., valuing social relationships), and normative (i.e., valuing cultural norms) values. The traits were associated with the values of excitement and promotion, psychopathy was associated with a diminished emphasis on existence, psychopathy and Machiavellianism were associated with limited interactive or normative values, whereas narcissism was associated with a greater emphasis on suprapersonal, interactive, and normative values. We also found that sex differences in psychopathy were mediated by individual differences in the existence and normative values. Results are discussed from a life history framework.
Resolving Future Arctic/Midlatitude Weather Connections
Authors: Overland James E. , Wang Muyin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGiven ongoing large changes in the Arctic, high‐latitude forcing is a new potential driver for sub‐seasonal weather impacts at midlatitudes in coming decades. Such linkage research, however, is controversial. Some metrics find supporting evidence and others report no robust correlations. Model studies reach different conclusions. Case studies from particular historical months suggest potential connections. We propose that a difficulty in resolving the science is due to the inherent complexity and intermittent character of atmospheric dynamics, which serves as a variable causal bridge between changes in the Arctic and midlatitude weather. Linkages may be more favorable in one atmospheric jet stream pattern than another. Linkages are a two‐step process: thermodynamic forcing, i.e. warm Arctic temperatures and loss of sea ice, is generally favorable in the last decade, but internal atmospheric dynamics, i.e. the jet stream location and strength, must also allow for a connection. Thus, in the last decade only a few possible linkage events are noted into and out of the Arctic; for examples 2006, 2016, and 2018 had warm Arctic Januaries, and 2010 and 2017 had cold eastern North American Decembers. Record large sea‐ice‐free areas and warm temperatures north of Alaska and over Baffin Bay helped to anchor the long wave atmospheric pattern, which in turn fed cold temperatures into the eastern US. Intra‐seasonal and inter‐annual intermittency explains low direct Arctic/midlatitude linkage correlations and large variability in model studies. Yet a full understanding is necessary for important future forecasts of increased Arctic/midlatitude interactions impacting millions of people.
The size of the attentional window when measured by the pupillary response to light
Authors: Tkacz-Domb Shira , Yeshurun Yaffa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study measured the size of the attentional window when attention is narrowly focused, using attentional modulation of the pupillary light response – pupillary constriction when covertly attending a brighter than darker area. This allowed us to avoid confounds and biases involved in relying on observers’ response (e.g., RT), which contaminated previous measurements of this window. We presented letters to the right and left of fixation, each surrounded by task-irrelevant disks with varying distances. The disks were bright on one side and dark on the other. A central cue indicated which letter to attend. Luminance levels were identical across trials. We found that pupil size was modulated by the disks’ luminance when they were 1° away from the attended letter, but not when this distance was larger. This suggests that the diameter of the attentional window is at least 2°, which is twice as large as that established with behavioral measurements.