bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal route for administering tranexamic acid in primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty: Results from a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Xie Jinwei , Zhang Shaoyun , Chen Guo , Xu Hong , Zhou Zongke , Pei Fuxing 
Published: June 2019

AimThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different tranexamic acid (TXA) routes following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsWe collected data from the National Health Database on patients registered from January 2013 to September 2017. The patients were divided based on TXA administration route into a control group (without TXA), intravenous group, topical group and combined group. The primary outcome was transfusion; secondary outcomes were total blood loss, haemoglobin level, decrease in haemoglobin on postoperative day 3, and incidence of complications.ResultsData were collected on 7667 primary THA, 4662 with TXA and 3005 without TXA. The transfusion rate was 28.7% in the control group, 12.7% in the topical group, 8.9% in the intravenous group, and 6.1% in the combined group, and the inter‐group differences were significant (P < .01). The combined group showed significantly smaller total blood loss (1.23 ± 0.52 L), smaller reduction in haemoglobin level (26.5 ± 11.1 g/L) and higher haemoglobin level on postoperative day 3 (107.0 ± 15.5 g/L) than the other three groups (P < .05). The three TXA groups showed significantly lower incidence of deep vein thrombosis than the control group (0.08% vs 0.47%, P = .001) as well as a lower rate of other complications (0.34% vs 0.67%, P = .044).ConclusionTXA is effective and safe to decrease blood loss and transfusion following primary THA, regardless of whether it is administered intravenously, topically or both. Intravenous or combined routes may produce better haemostatic effects, so they may be suggested in the absence of contraindications.
The potential for student performance prediction in small cohorts with minimal available attributes
Authors: Wakelam Edward , Jefferies Amanda , Davey Neil , Sun Yi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe measurement of student performance during their progress through university study provides academic leadership with critical information on each student’s likelihood of success. Academics have traditionally used their interactions with individual students through class activities and interim assessments to identify those “at risk” of failure/withdrawal. However, modern university environments, offering easy on‐line availability of course material, may see reduced lecture/tutorial attendance, making such identification more challenging. Modern data mining and machine learning techniques provide increasingly accurate predictions of student examination assessment marks, although these approaches have focussed upon large student populations and wide ranges of data attributes per student. However, many university modules comprise relatively small student cohorts, with institutional protocols limiting the student attributes available for analysis. It appears that very little research attention has been devoted to this area of analysis and prediction. We describe an experiment conducted on a final‐year university module student cohort of 23, where individual student data are limited to lecture/tutorial attendance, virtual learning environment accesses and intermediate assessments. We found potential for predicting individual student interim and final assessment marks in small student cohorts with very limited attributes and that these predictions could be useful to support module leaders in identifying students potentially “at risk.”
Energy metabolism and drug response in myeloid leukaemic stem cells
Authors: Bencomo‐Alvarez Alfonso E. , Rubio Andres J. , Gonzalez Mayra A. , Eiring Anna M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDespite significant advances in the treatment of myeloid malignancies, many patients become resistant to therapy and ultimately succumb to their disease. Accumulating evidence over the past several years has suggested that the inadequacy of many leukaemia therapies results from their failure to target the leukaemic stem cell (LSC). For this reason, the LSC population currently represents the most critical target in the treatment of myeloid malignancies. However, while LSCs are ideal targets in the treatment of these diseases, they are also the most difficult population to target. This is due to both their heterogeneity within the LSC population, and also their phenotypic similarities with normal haematopoietic stem cells. This review will highlight the current landscape surrounding LSC biology in myeloid malignancies, with a focus on altered energy metabolism, and how that knowledge is being translated into clinical advances for the treatment of chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.
Clinical trials for multiple sclerosis: Outcome measures and impact on cognitive function
Authors: Ochi Hirofumi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex immune‐mediated disease characterized by recurrent demyelinating episodes of the central nervous system, which is the most common disabling neurological disease of young people. Cognitive impairment is common and one of the disabling symptoms ofMS, resulting in reduced quality of life. This often emerges early in the disease and is independent of physical disability; however, it is more prevalent in progressive disease. With the advent of a number of disease‐modifying drugs, including agents with high efficacy at reducing inflammatory activity, patients withMScan receive more efficacious treatment. Although the currently available disease‐modifying drugs have been shown to reduce the inflammatory disease activity, their effects on the neurodegenerative aspect or cognitive functions are still unclear. Cognitive rehabilitation and physical exercise are promising strategies to prevent cognitive decline or improve brain function. Beneficial effects of these interventions have been reported, but the evidence is still sparse. The present review article describes the clinical trial data on interventions for cognitive impairment inMS.
RayCaching: Amortized Isosurface Rendering for Virtual Reality
Authors: Nysjö F. , Malmberg F. , Nyström I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReal‐time virtual reality requires efficient rendering methods to deal with high‐ resolution stereoscopic displays and low latency head‐tracking. Our proposed RayCaching method renders isosurfaces of large volume datasets by amortizing raycasting over several frames and caching primary rays as small bricks that can be efficiently rasterized. An occupancy map in form of a clipmap provides level of detail and ensures that only bricks corresponding to visible points on the isosurface are being cached and rendered. Hard shadows and ambient occlusion from secondary rays are also accumulated and stored in the cache. Our method supports real‐time isosurface rendering with dynamic isovalue and allows stereoscopic visualization and exploration of large volume datasets at framerates suitable for virtual reality applications.
Functional relevance of computational fluid dynamics in the field of nasal obstruction: A literature review
Authors: Radulesco Thomas , Meister Lionel , Bouchet Gilles , Giordano Jérôme , Dessi Patrick , Perrier Pierre , Michel Justin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundNasal airway obstruction (nasal obstruction) is a common symptom affecting the quality of life of patients. It can be estimated by patient perception or physical measurements. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to analyse nasal ventilation modalities. There is a lack of comparative studies investigating the correlations between CFD variables and patient perception or physical measurements.Objective of the reviewOur goal was to define correlations between CFD variables and patient perception and physical measurements. We also aimed to identify the most reliable CFD variable (heat flux, WSS, total pressure, temperature…) characterising nasal breathing perception.Type of reviewSystematic literature review using PRISMA guidelines.Search strategyThe selected studies were obtained from the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) online database, MEDLINE (Ovid), Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library using a combination of MeSH terms (nose, paranasal sinus, fluid dynamics, rhinology) and non‐MeSH terms (CFD, nasal airway, nasal airflow, numerical, nasal symptoms). Studies that did not incorporate objective or subjective clinical assessment were excluded.Evaluation methodWe compared all results obtained by authors regarding CFD variables and assessment of nasal airway obstruction (clinical or physical).ResultsTo compare nasal obstruction with CFD variables, most authors use CFD‐calculated nasal resistances, airflow, heat flux, wall shear stress, total pressure, velocities and streamlines. We found that heat flux appears to be the CFD variable most closely correlated with patient perception. Total pressure, wall shear stress and velocities are also useful and show good correlations. Correlations between CFD‐calculated nasal resistances and patient perception are stronger after correction of the nasal cycle.ConclusionsThe growing number of CFD studies on the nose has led to a better understanding of nasal obstruction. The clinical interpretation of previously unknown data, such as WSS and heat flux, is opening up new horizons in the understanding of this symptom. Heat fluxes are among the best CFD values correlated with patient perception. More studies need to be performed including temperature and humidity exchanges.
Acoustic and camera surveys inform models of current and future vertebrate distributions in a changing desert ecosystem
Authors: Rich Lindsey N. , Furnas Brett J. , Newton D. Scott , Brashares Justin S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimMaintaining biodiversity in the face of land use and climate change is a paramount challenge, particularly when distributions of many species remain incompletely known. Emerging technologies help address this data deficiency by facilitating the collection of spatially explicit data for multiple species from multiple taxa. In this study, we combine acoustic and visual sensor surveys to inform conservation and land use planning in an area experiencing rapid climate and land use change.LocationMojave Desert, California, United States.MethodsWe deployed camera traps and acoustic detectors at 210 sites between March and July 2016. We identified photographic detections of mammals and acoustic recordings of songbirds to the species level and used multispecies occupancy models to estimate and evaluate species' occupancy probabilities. We then extrapolated model results to the region and forecasted how projected climate and land use changes might affect species' occupancy probabilities in 50 years. Lastly, we identified areas with high conservation value (i.e., high relative species richness) now and in 50 years, and related the distributions of these areas to land use designations.ResultsWe detected 15 mammal and 68 songbird species. At the community level, occupancy decreased with increasing temperatures and distances to woodlands. We forecasted that occupancy probabilities and areas with high conservation value would decline in 50 years due to projected increases in maximum temperatures and identified that up to 43%, 24% and 27% of land designated for renewable energy development, recreation and military activities, respectively, encompassed these high value areas.Main conclusionsCooler areas close to woodlands and water are of high conservation value to mammals and songbirds in the Mojave. These areas will become increasingly limited with changing climate, however, making their protection from human disturbance imperative. We encourage continued use of visual and acoustic sensors across large spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales as tools to inform land use and wildlife conservation.
Clinical outcomes of per‐oral endoscopic tumor resection for submucosal tumors in the esophagus and gastric cardia
Authors: Onimaru Manabu , Inoue Haruhiro , Bechara Robert , Tanabe Mayo , Abad Mary Raina Angeli , Ueno Akiko , Shimamura Yuto , Sumi Kazuya , Ikeda Haruo , Ito Hiroaki 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe clinical success of per‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has led to the development of a new field of ‘submucosal endoscopy’. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and limitations of per‐oral endoscopic tumor resection (POET) in the management of submucosal tumors (SMTs) in the esophagus and the gastric cardia.MethodsPOET was performed in 47 patients from January 2011 to December 2017. The indication for POET was SMTs ≤ 30 mm in minor axis diameter. Patient and tumor characteristics (age, gender, tumor location, size, and histology), operative and clinical results of POET (procedure time and completion rate, en bloc resection rate, length of hospitalization, adverse events and tumor recurrence) were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsPOET was successfully completed in 43 patients (91.5%) without any major adverse events (Clavien‐Dindo IIIb‐IV). Four patients required conversion to an open surgical procedure due to suboptimal visualization during POET. Four patients underwent piecemeal resection of their SMTs including GISTs. Median follow‐up was 44 months (10–96 months), during that time, there were no incidences of tumor recurrence. Tumors that had a minor axis diameter > 30 mm or a tumor mass index (TMI) [major axis diameter (mm) × minor axis diameter (mm)] >1000 had a high likelihood of being converted to surgical resection.ConclusionsPOET is a safe and effective treatment for SMTs. However, in patients where the minor axis diameter is > 30 mm or the TMI > 1000, surgical excision should be considered. Furthermore, application of POET for SMTs with malignant potential should be carefully considered to ensure optimal oncologic outcomes.
Examining conservation agriculture soil profiles: Outcomes from northeastern Italian silty soils combining indirect geophysical and direct assessment methods
Authors: Piccoli Ilaria , Furlan Lorenzo , Lazzaro Barbara , Morari Francesco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) is an agronomic system, including no‐tillage, cover crops and residue retention on the soil surface, which represents more sustainable management compared to conventional ploughing systems (CV). Conservation agriculture is widespread in some parts of the world (i.e. South America and the USA), whereas it is still developing in others (i.e. Europe). One of the main reasons for the slow European uptake of CA is low yield because of the worsening of soil physical quality, in particular increased compaction and reduced hydraulic permeability. The effects of CA on soil physical dynamics are poorly documented, particularly during the transition phase between CV and CA and for fine‐textured soils. Therefore, in this study, the effects of CA on soil volumetric water content, bulk density, penetration resistance and electrical resistivity are presented over a 3‐year monitoring period. The experiment was established in 2010 on four farms in the Veneto region (northeastern Italy) with silty soils, where CA practice was compared with CV. The dynamics of soil physical properties were monitored from 2014 to 2016 following a 3‐year crop rotation cycle. Every year, bulk density analysis, a penetration resistance test and three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography were performed. The results showed that soil physical properties clustered depending on soil texture: in silty loam soils any specific improvements were highlighted after 6 years of CA, whereas in loamy soils soil compaction was observed in both CA and CV. Indeed, CA resulted in soil compaction below a depth of 10 cm (+107% of degree of compaction), whereas CV resulted in the formation of a plough pan in the 35–55‐cm layer (+111% of degree of compaction). The low soil organic carbon and low clay contents made loamy soil particularly prone to compaction, highlighting the influence of fine texture on soil structure evolution during the transition phase.Highlights
Greater organic matter content and biological activity might offset compaction in CA during transition phase
CA did not suffer from soil compaction on silty soil while ERT detected a plough pan in loamy soil under CV
Geophysics integrated with direct assessment methods is a useful tool for studying soil structure evolution
No specific benefits or drawbacks were highlighted after 6 years of CA adoption with respect to CV in silty soil
Overwintering of reproductively mature females of a pro‐ovigenic parasitic wasp, Leptopilina heterotoma (Hymenoptera: Figitidae)
Authors: Kimura Masahito T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLeptopilina heterotoma is a Drosophila parasitoid mainly occurring in temperate regions, and females of this species are pro‐ovigenic (i.e. all or nearly all of their lifetime eggs are already mature at emergence). Here I investigated how L. heterotoma overwinters in Sapporo, Japan, a cool temperate region, by outdoor and laboratory experiments. Females of this species had mature eggs at emergence as expected, and they did not resorb eggs even if they were exposed to cold or starvation. Nevertheless, females were able to overwinter, and post‐overwintering females retained parasitization capacity. In this species, thus, adult overwintering is not associated with reproductive diapause. However, females grown in late autumn or at low temperatures (e.g. 5°C) had a fewer number of mature eggs and higher winter survival. At low temperatures, female larvae could save energy by reducing egg production and allocate the saved energy to expenditure for overwintering. In contrast to females, males and pre‐adult individuals were not able to overwinter.
Monozygotic multiple pregnancies after transfer of single in vitro produced equine embryos
Authors: Dijkstra A. , Cuervo‐Arango J. , Stout T. A. E. , Claes A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundMonozygotic multiple pregnancy is rare in horses, but may be more common after transfer of an in vitro produced (IVP) embryo.ObjectivesTo determine the occurrence, incidence, characteristics and outcome of monozygotic siblings arising from in vivo and IVP equine embryos.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsA total of 496 fresh in vivo and 410 frozen‐thawed IVP blastocysts, produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of in vitro matured oocytes from Warmblood mares, were transferred into recipient mares. The likelihoods of pregnancy and multiple pregnancy were calculated, and the clinical features and outcome of any multiple pregnancy were recorded.ResultsThe likelihood of pregnancy after transfer of a single IVP or in vivo embryo was 62% (254/410) and 83% (413/496) respectively. The incidence of multiple pregnancy was 1.6% (4/254) and 0% (0/413) for IVP and in vivo blastocysts, respectively. More specifically, three IVP blastocysts yielded twin embryo propers/fetuses, and one IVP conceptus developed three distinct embryonic bodies. Interestingly, only one embryonic vesicle was detected at all ultrasonographic examinations prior to embryo proper development. Multiple embryonic bodies only became apparent at later scans to check for an embryo proper and heartbeat, or when the recipient mare aborted. Two twin pregnancies aborted spontaneously at 3 and 9 months, respectively, while the heartbeat was lost from all three embryos in the triplet pregnancy before day 35 of gestation. Twin reduction by per rectum compression of one fetal thorax was attempted at day 50 of gestation in the fourth case; however, both fetuses were lost.Main limitationsSmall number of cases.ConclusionsIn vitro embryo production resulted in a higher incidence of multiple monozygotic pregnancy, which could only be diagnosed after development of the embryo proper and is likely to result in pregnancy loss later in gestation if left untreated.
Does transpersonal trust moderate the association between chronic conditions and general practitioner visits in the oldest old? Results of the AgeCoDe and AgeQualiDe study
Authors: Hajek André , Brettschneider Christian , Eisele Marion , Lühmann Dagmar , Mamone Silke , Wiese Birgitt , Weyerer Siegfried , Werle Jochen , Fuchs Angela , Pentzek Michael , Stein Janine , Luck Tobias , Weeg Dagmar , Mösch Edelgard , Heser Kathrin , Wagner Michael , Scherer Martin , Maier Wolfgang , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G , König Hans‐Helmut ,   the AgeCoDe and AgeQualiDe Study Group
Published: June 2019

AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether transpersonal trust (TPT) moderates the relationship between chronic conditions and general practitioner (GP) visits among the oldest old in Germany.MethodsThe multicenter prospective cohort Study on Needs, health service use, costs and health‐related quality of life in a large sample of oldest old primary care patients (85+) (AgeQualiDe) was carried out. Individuals were recruited through GP offices at six study centers in Germany (follow‐up wave 7). Primary care patients were aged ≥85 years (n= 861, mean age 89.0 years; range 85–100 years). The self‐reported number of outpatient visits to the GP was used as the outcome measure. To explore religious and spiritual beliefs, the short form of the Transpersonal Trust scale was used. The presence or absence of 36 chronic conditions was recorded by the GP.ResultsMultiple Poisson regressions showed that GP visits were positively associated with the number of chronic conditions (incidence rate ratio 1.03,P< 0.05). TPT moderated the relationship between chronic conditions and GP visits (incidence rate ratio 1.01,P< 0.05). The association between chronic conditions and GP visits was significantly more pronounced when TPT was high.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of TPT in the relationship between chronic conditions and GP visits. Future longitudinal studies are required to clarify this subject further.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 705–710.
Emodin, as a mitochondrial uncoupler, induces strong decreases in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and proliferation of B16F10 cells, owing to their poor glycolytic reserve
Authors: Sugiyama Yuma , Shudo Toshiyuki , Hosokawa Sho , Watanabe Aki , Nakano Masaki , Kakizuka Akira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany types of cancer cells show a characteristic increase in glycolysis, which is called the “Warburg effect.” By screening plant extracts, we identified one that decreases cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and suppresses proliferation of malignant melanoma B16F10 cells, but not of noncancerous MEF cells. We showed that its active ingredient is emodin, which showed strong antiproliferative effects on B16F10 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we also found that emodin can function as a mitochondrial uncoupler. Consistently, three known mitochondrial uncouplers also displayed potent antiproliferative effects and preferential cellular ATP reduction in B16F10 cells, but not in MEF cells. These uncouplers provoked comparable mitochondrial uncoupling in both cell types, but they manifested dramatically different cellular effects. Namely in MEF cells, these uncouplers induced three to fivefold increases in glycolysis from the basal state, and this compensatory activation appeared to be responsible for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels. In contrast, B16F10 cells treated with the uncouplers showed less than a twofold enhancement of glycolysis, which was not sufficient to compensate for the decrease of ATP production. Together, these results raise the possibility that uncouplers could be effective therapeutic agents specifically for cancer cells with prominent “Warburg effect.”