bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Reconnection Between Interlinked Flux Tubes Driven by Magnetic Reconnection With a Short X‐Line
Authors: Huang Kai , Lu Quanming , Liu Yi‐Hsin , Lu San , Li Xinmin , Tang Huibo , Peng E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulation is performed to study secondary reconnection between two interlinked flux tubes produced by neighboring guide field reconnection x‐lines. The reconnecting magnetic fields of this secondary reconnection is enhanced toward the diffusion region, agree well with that in observations. The magnetic field pileup is attributed to the upstream magnetic tension force, that smashes the flux tubes into each other. We propose that the primary reconnection x‐line length is a key parameter to determine the formation of interlinked flux tubes and secondary reconnection therein. Interlinked flux tubes will form only if the x‐line is short; when the x‐line is long enough, the regular flux ropes are formed instead. The critical x‐line length to form interlinked flux tubes is determined by the distance between two neighbor x‐lines and the magnetic shear angle of the primary reconnection. The results provide a novel scenario of secondary reconnection generation during three‐dimensional reconnection.
Exploring Sources of Gravity Waves in the Southern Winter Stratosphere Using 3‐D Satellite Observations and Backward Ray‐Tracing
Authors: Noble Phoebe E. , Rhode Sebastian , Hindley Neil P. , Berthelemy Peter , Moffat‐Griffin Tracy , Preusse Peter , Hoffmann Lars , Wright Corwin J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring austral winter, the southern high latitudes has some of the most intense stratospheric gravity wave (GW) activity globally. However, producing accurate representations of GW dynamics in this region in numerical models has proved exceptionally challenging. One reason for this is that questions remain regarding the relative contributions of orographic and non‐orographic sources of GWs here. We use three‐dimensional (3‐D) satellite GW observations from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder in austral winter 2012 in combination with the Gravity‐wave Regional Or Global Ray Tracer to backward trace GW rays to their sources. We trace over 14.2 million rays, through ERA5 reanalysis background atmosphere, to their lower atmospheric sources. We find that GWs observed thousands of km downstream can be traced back to key orographic regions, and that on average, all waves (orographic and non‐orographic) converge meridionally over the Southern Ocean. We estimate that across this winter, orographic sources contribute around 5%–35% to the total momentum flux (MF) observed near 60S. The remaining proportion consists of waves from non‐orographic sources, which although typically carry lower MF, the large spatial extent of non‐orographic sources leads to a higher overall contribution. We also quantify the proportion of MF traced back to different regions across the whole southern high latitudes area in order to measure the relative importance of these different regions. These results provide the important insights needed to advance our knowledge of the atmospheric momentum budget in the southern high latitudes.
A bright future for micro-LED displays
Authors: Bandari Vineeth K. , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of GaN-based Micro-LED arrays achieving brightnesses exceeding 107 nits and high-density micro-displays with up to 1080×780 pixels marks a true breakthrough in the field. This breakthrough is a result of mastering a combination of long-standing challenges comprising wafer-scale high-quality epitaxial growth, sidewall passivation, efficient photon extraction, and elegant bonding technologies, and promises significant advantages for augmented and virtual reality devices, wearables, and next-generation consumer electronics.
Metabolic imaging distinguishes ovarian cancer subtypes and detects their early and variable responses to treatment
Authors: Chia Ming Li , Bulat Flaviu , Gaunt Adam , Ros Susana , Wright Alan J. , Sawle Ashley , Porcu Luca , Vias Maria , Brenton James D. , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer displays two metabolic subtypes; a high OXPHOS subtype that shows increased expression of genes encoding electron transport chain components, increased oxygen consumption, and increased chemosensitivity, and a low OXPHOS subtype that exhibits glycolytic metabolism and is more drug resistant. We show here in patient-derived organoids and in the xenografts obtained by their subcutaneous implantation that the low OXPHOS subtype shows higher lactate dehydrogenase activity and monocarboxylate transporter 4 expression than the high OXPHOS subtype and increased lactate labeling in 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism. There was no difference between the subtypes in PET measurements of 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake. Both metabolic imaging techniques could detect the early response to Carboplatin treatment in drug-sensitive high OXPHOS xenografts and no response in drug-resistant in low OXPHOS xenografts. 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism has the potential to be used clinically to distinguish low OXPHOS and high OXPHOS tumor deposits in HGSOC patients and to detect their differential responses to treatment.
Conjugated fatty acids drive ferroptosis through chaperone-mediated autophagic degradation of GPX4 by targeting mitochondria
Authors: Hirata Yusuke , Yamada Yuto , Taguchi Soma , Kojima Ryota , Masumoto Haruka , Kimura Shinnosuke , Niijima Takuya , Toyama Takashi , Kise Ryoji , Sato Emiko , Uchida Yasunori , Ito Junya , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Taguchi Tomohiko , Inoue Asuka , Saito Yoshiro , Noguchi Takuya , Matsuzawa Atsushi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConjugated fatty acids (CFAs) have been known for their anti-tumor activity. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we identify CFAs as inducers of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) degradation through chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). CFAs, such as (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid and α-eleostearic acid (ESA), induced GPX4 degradation, generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides, and ultimately ferroptosis in cancer cell lines, including HT1080 and A549 cells, which were suppressed by either pharmacological blockade of CMA or genetic deletion of LAMP2A, a crucial molecule for CMA. Mitochondrial ROS were sufficient and necessary for CMA-dependent GPX4 degradation. Oral administration of an ESA-rich oil attenuated xenograft tumor growth of wild-type, but not that of LAMP2A-deficient HT1080 cells, accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation, GPX4 degradation and cell death. Our study establishes mitochondria as the key target of CFAs to trigger lipid peroxidation and GPX4 degradation, providing insight into ferroptosis-based cancer therapy.
Spatially resolved gene expression profiling of tumor microenvironment reveals key steps of lung adenocarcinoma development
Authors: Takano Yuma , Suzuki Jun , Nomura Kotaro , Fujii Gento , Zenkoh Junko , Kawai Hitomi , Kuze Yuta , Kashima Yukie , Nagasawa Satoi , Nakamura Yuka , Kojima Motohiro , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Seki Masahide , Kanai Akinori , Matsubara Daisuke , Kohno Takashi , Noguchi Masayuki , Nakaya Akihiro , Tsuboi Masahiro , Ishii Genichiro , Suzuki Yutaka , Suzuki Ayako 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe interaction of tumor cells and their microenvironment is thought to be a key factor in tumor development. We present spatial RNA profiles obtained from 30 lung adenocarcinoma patients at the non-invasive and later invasive stages. We use spatial transcriptome sequencing data in conjunction with in situ RNA profiling to conduct higher resolution analyses. The detailed examination of each case, as well as the subsequent computational analyses based on the observed diverse profiles, reveals that significant changes in the phenotypic appearances of tumor cells are frequently associated with changes in immune cell features. The phenomenon coincides with the induction of a series of cellular expression programs that enable tumor cells to transform and break through the immune cell barrier, allowing them to progress further. The study shows how lung tumors develop through interaction in their microenvironments.
Molecular sociology of virus-induced cellular condensates supporting reovirus assembly and replication
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Xia Xian , Martynowycz Michael W. , Gonen Tamir , Zhou Z. Hong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVirus-induced cellular condensates, or viral factories, are poorly understood high-density phases where replication of many viruses occurs. Here, by cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) of focused ion beam (FIB) milling-produced lamellae of mammalian reovirus (MRV)-infected cells, we visualized the molecular organization and interplay (i.e., “molecular sociology”) of host and virus in 3D at two time points post-infection, enabling a detailed description of these condensates and a mechanistic understanding of MRV replication within them. Expanding over time, the condensate fashions host ribosomes at its periphery, and host microtubules, lipid membranes, and viral molecules in its interior, forming a 3D architecture that supports the dynamic processes of viral genome replication and capsid assembly. A total of six MRV assembly intermediates are identified inside the condensate: star core, empty and genome-containing cores, empty and full virions, and outer shell particle. Except for star core, these intermediates are visualized at atomic resolution by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) of cellular extracts. The temporal sequence and spatial rearrangement among these viral intermediates choreograph the viral life cycle within the condensates. Together, the molecular sociology of MRV-induced cellular condensate highlights the functional advantage of transient enrichment of molecules at the right location and time for viral replication.
Annexin- and calcium-regulated priming of legume root cells for endosymbiotic infection
Authors: Guillory Ambre , Fournier Joëlle , Kelner Audrey , Hobecker Karen , Auriac Marie-Christine , Frances Lisa , Delers Anaïs , Pedinotti Léa , Le Ru Aurélie , Keller Jean , Delaux Pierre-Marc , Gutjahr Caroline , Frei Dit Frey Nicolas , de Carvalho-Niebel Fernanda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLegumes establish endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or rhizobia bacteria to improve mineral nutrition. Symbionts are hosted in privileged habitats, root cortex (for AM fungi) or nodules (for rhizobia) for efficient nutrient exchange. To reach these habitats, plants form cytoplasmic cell bridges, key to predicting and guiding fungal hyphae or rhizobia-filled infection thread (IT) root entry. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly studied. Here we show that unique ultrastructural changes and calcium (Ca2+) spiking signatures, closely associated with Medicago truncatula Annexin 1 (MtAnn1) accumulation, accompany rhizobia-related bridge formation. Loss of MtAnn1 function in M. truncatula affects Ca2+ spike amplitude, cytoplasmic configuration and rhizobia infection efficiency, consistent with a role of MtAnn1 in regulating infection priming. MtAnn1, which evolved in species establishing intracellular symbioses, is also AM-symbiosis-induced and required for proper arbuscule formation. Together, we propose that MtAnn1 is part of an ancient Ca2+-regulatory module for transcellular endosymbiotic infection.
Attenuation of skin injury by a MARCO targeting PLGA nanoparticle
Authors: Onay Ummiye V. , Xu Dan , Biyashev Dauren , Evans Spencer T. , Demczuk Michael M. , Neef Tobias , Podojil Joseph R. , Beddow Sara , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Le Poole I. Caroline , Miller Stephen D. , Lu Kurt Q. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCutaneous exposure to the DNA alkylating class of chemotherapeutic agents including nitrogen mustard (NM) leads to both skin injury and systemic inflammation. Circulating myeloid subsets recruited to the skin act to further exacerbate local tissue damage while interfering with the wound healing process. We demonstrate herein that intravenous delivery of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) immune-modifying nanoparticles (PLGA-IMPs) shortly after NM exposure restricts accumulation of macrophages and inflammatory monocytes at the injury site, resulting in attenuated skin pathology. Furthermore, PLGA-IMPs induce an early influx and local enrichment of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the skin lesions critical for the suppression of myeloid cell-pro-inflammatory responses via induction of IL-10 and TGF-β in the cutaneous milieu. Functional depletion of CD4+ Tregs ablates the efficacy of PLGA-IMPs accompanied by a loss of local accumulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines essential for wound healing. Thus, in severe skin trauma, PLGA-IMPs may have therapeutic potential via modulation of inflammatory myeloid cells and regulatory T lymphocytes.
Validation of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) Automated Speech Processing Algorithm Labels for Adult and Child Segments in a Sample of Families From India
Authors: Meera Shoba S. , Swaminathan Divya , Venkata Murali Sri Ranjani , Raju Reny , Srikar Malavi , Shyam Sundar Sahana , Amudhan Senthil , Cristia Alejandrina , Pawar Rahul , Rao Achuth , Vasuki Prathyusha P. , Volme Shree , Mysore Ashok 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) technology uses automated speech processing (ASP) algorithms to estimate counts such as total adult words and child vocalizations, which helps understand children's early language environment. This ASP has been validated in North American English and other languages in predominantly monolingual contexts but not in a multilingual context like India. Thus, the current study aims to validate the classification accuracy of the LENA algorithm specifically focusing on speaker recognition of adult segments (AdS) and child segments (ChS) in a sample of bi/multilingual families from India.

Method:

Thirty neurotypical children between 6 and 24 months (
M
= 12.89,
SD
= 4.95) were recruited. Participants were growing up in bi/multilingual environment hearing a combination of Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Hindi, and/or English. Daylong audio recordings were collected using LENA and processed using the ASP to automatically detect segments across speaker categories. Two human annotators manually annotated ~900 min (37,431 segments across speaker categories). Performance accuracy (recall and precision) was calculated for AdS and ChS.

Results:
The recall and precision for AdS were 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.61, 0.63]) and 0.83 (95% CI [0.8, 0.83]), respectively. This indicated that 62% of the segments identified as AdS by the human annotator were also identified as AdS by the LENA ASP algorithm and 83% of the segments labeled by the LENA ASP as AdS were also labeled by the human annotator as AdS. Similarly, the recall and precision for ChS were 0.65 (95% CI [0.64, 0.66]) and 0.55 (95% CI [0.54, 0.56]), respectively.

Conclusions:
This study documents the performance of the ASP in correctly classifying speakers as adult or child in a sample of families from India, indicating recall and precision that is relatively low. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations aiming to refine the algorithm models, potentially facilitating more accurate performance in bi/multilingual societies like India.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27910710
System wide‐band oscillation analysis of fractional frequency offshore wind power systems
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Han Jizhi , Sha Zihao , Wei Fengting , Wang Xiuli , Wang Xifan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe fractional frequency offshore wind power system (FFOWPS) is a core technology for the long‐distance transmission and integration of the large‐scale offshore wind power. However, the risk of wide‐band oscillation in the FFOWPS has become increasingly prominent due to the inevitable presence of the power electronic devices. The traditional admittance of the frequency converter, which is a crucial component in the FFOWPS, may contain right‐half‐plane (RHP) poles when operating under various control modes. To address this deficiency, this paper establishes a four‐port small‐signal admittance model of a back‐to‐back frequency converter and demonstrates its interconvertibility with the traditional model. On this basis, the wide‐band oscillation analysis method for the FFOWPS is proposed, which explicitly describes the influence of the industrial frequency system, the fractional frequency system, and their coupling interactions on system stability. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink verify the proposed stability analysis method, highlight stability misjudgements associated with the traditional admittance, and analyse the impact of the coupling terms on system stability.
A joint data and knowledge‐driven method for power system disturbance localisation
Authors: Li Zikang , Tian Jiyang , Liu Hao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurate and fast disturbance localisation is critical for taking timely controls to prevent power system instability. With the increased complexity of systems, the physical model‐based disturbance localisation is challenging to achieve good performance due to model deficiency. Phasor measurement unit (PMU)‐based approaches are developed but their performance has been significantly affected by the number of PMUs. To this end, this article proposes a joint data and knowledge‐driven disturbance localisation method. A spatiotemporal graph convolutional network is proposed to effectively capture the spatiotemporal dependence with a limited number of PMU measurements. By integrating the physical constraints of disturbance type‐topology information and localisation cost characteristics, a composite constraint loss function is proposed that embed physical knowledge into the data‐driven method. This leads to the development of the disturbance localisation method and allows quick identification, improved localisation accuracy, and interpretability of the algorithm. Simulation results carried out on the IEEE 39‐bus system and IEEE 118‐bus system verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Dynamic sensitivity‐based clustering of distributed energy resources using LoRaWAN technology for voltage regulation in distribution networks
Authors: Gargoom Ameen , Elmusrati Mohammed , Gaouda Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the penetration level of renewable energies increases, many inverter‐based resources (IBRs) managing algorithms are proposed to control the impact of this penetration on the system. Some of these algorithms are based on a local control without visualizing the status of the whole network and others are based on a centralized control approach that results in dynamic settings without considering the mutual sensitivity among different IBRs. Hence, flexible management of IBRs to be simultaneously controlled either locally or remotely and satisfy technical and fair utilization at IBRs and systems levels becomes essential. The proposed flexible management algorithm suggested a dynamic setting that estimates the mutual sensitivity among IBRs at the system level and assures fairness among different owners. This mutual sensitivity link provides a quantifying measure of IBRs injected power on the status of the whole network. Furthermore, this measure defines dynamic clusters' boundaries that are continuously updated by including the most sensitive IBRs and updating their dynamic settings. This update takes place as system configuration, loads, and available sun‐power change in order to satisfy the flexible management algorithm without impacting fairness. The algorithm is applied on a sample DN and imposes compliance with system standard limits within a time‐frame of the stand‐alone LoRaWAN communication platform.
Improved vector selection model predictive control strategy for quasi‐Z‐source inverter virtual synchronous generator grid‐connected system
Authors: Cheng Zhun , Liu Yihan , Luo Bing , Zhang Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConventional inverter control methods reduce the grid inertia and are susceptible to parameter variations, resulting in a gradual weakening of grid stability. To address the above problems, an improved vector selection model predictive control strategy is proposed, with virtual synchronous generator technology to control the quasi‐Z‐source inverter. First, the influence of different operating states on the quasi‐Z‐source inverter state variables is analysed, and the established quasi‐Z‐source inverter‐virtual synchronous generator discrete‐time model predicts the input current, output capacitor voltage, and load current of the quasi‐Z‐source inverter network. Second, the inverter switching timing is analysed to establish the optimal switching vector set, and the optimal switching vector set is selected by defining the sub‐objective function, which reduces the average switching frequency of the system. Compared with the finite control set model predictive control, this strategy is to reduce the computation time of the system to obtain the optimal solution of the quasi‐Z‐source inverter, to improve the dynamic responsiveness of the system during the control process, and to improve the power quality. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed algorithm are verified by experiments.
Electron and proton peak intensities as observed by a five-spacecraft fleet in solar cycle 25
Authors: Farwa G. U. , Dresing N. , Gieseler J. , Vuorinen L. , Richardson I. G. , Palmroos C. , Valkila S. , Heber B. , Jensen S. , Kühl P. , Rodríguez-García L. , Vainio R. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are related to solar flares and fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In the case of large events, which are typically associated with both a strong flare and a fast CME driving a shock front, identification of the dominant SEP acceleration mechanism is challenging.
Aims. Using novel spacecraft observations of strong SEP events detected in solar cycle 25, we aim to identify the parent acceleration region of the observed electron and proton events.
Methods. We analysed 45 SEP events in November 2020 – May 2023 including > 25 MeV protons using data from multiple spacecraft, including Solar Orbiter, near-Earth spacecraft (SOHO and Wind), STEREO A, BepiColombo, and Parker Solar Probe. We used peak intensities of 25–40 MeV protons and ∼100 keV and 1 MeV electrons provided by the SERPENTINE multi-spacecraft SEP event catalogue, and studied the correlations between these peak intensities as well as with the intensity of a soft-X-ray flare associated with the SEP event. We also separated the events into those well connected and those poorly connected to the flare by the interplanetary magnetic field.
Results. We find significant correlations between electron and proton peak intensities. While events detected by poorly connected observers show a single population of events, consistent with the idea that these particles are all accelerated by a spatially extended CME-driven shock, events observed in well-connected regions show two populations. One of these populations presents higher proton peak intensities that correlate with electron peak intensities, similarly to the poorly connected events. The other population shows low proton intensities that are less well correlated with electron peak intensities. Based on our findings, we propose that the latter population is a mixture of flare- and shock-accelerated events.
Conclusions. Although this study focuses on relatively energetic SEP events including > 25 MeV protons often attributed to acceleration by CME-driven shocks, we find clear indications of a flare contribution to both electron and proton fluxes in those events originating in sectors magnetically well connected to the source region.