bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of shipping emissions on PM2.5 pollution in China
Authors: Lv Zhaofeng , Liu Huan , Ying Qi , Fu Mingliang , Meng Zhihang , Wang Yue , Wei Wei , Gong Huiming , He Kebin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. With the fast development of seaborne trade and relatively more efforts on
reducing emissions from other sources in China, shipping emissions contribute
more and more significantly to air pollution. In this study, based on a
shipping emission inventory with high spatial and temporal resolution within
200 nautical miles (Nm) to the Chinese coastline, the Community Multiscale
Air Quality (CMAQ) model was applied to quantify the impacts of the shipping
sector on the annual and seasonal concentrations of PM2.5 for the base
year 2015 in China. Emissions within 12 Nm accounted for
51.2 %–56.5 % of the total shipping emissions, and the distinct
seasonal variations in spatial distribution were observed. The modeling
results showed that shipping emissions increased the annual averaged
PM2.5 concentrations in eastern China up to
5.2 µg m−3, and the impacts in YRD
(Yangtze River Delta) and PRD (Pearl River Delta) were much greater than
those in BTH (Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei). Shipping emissions influenced the air
quality in not only coastal areas but also the inland areas hundreds of
kilometers (up to 960 km) away from the sea. The impacts on the PM2.5
showed obvious seasonal variations, and patterns in the north and south of
the Yangtze River were also quite different. In addition, since the onshore
wind can carry ship pollutants to inland areas, the daily contributions of
shipping emissions in onshore flow days were about 1.8–2.7 times higher than
those in the rest of the days. A source-oriented CMAQ was used to estimate the
contributions of shipping emissions from maritime areas within 0–12, 12–50,
50–100 and 100–200 Nm to PM2.5 concentrations. The results
indicated that shipping emissions within 12 Nm were the dominant
contributor,
with contributions 30 %–90 % of the total impacts induced by
emissions within 200 Nm, while a relatively high contribution
(40 %–60 %) of shipping emissions within 20–100 Nm was
observed in the north of the YRD region and south of Lianyungang, due to the
major water traffic lanes far from land. The results presented in this work
implied that shipping emissions had significant influence on air quality in
China, and to reduce its pollution, the current Domestic Emission Control
Area (DECA) should be expanded to at least 100 Nm from the coastline.
Stochastic downscaling of precipitation in complex orography: a simple method to reproduce a realistic fine-scale climatology
Authors: Terzago Silvia , Palazzi Elisa , von Hardenberg Jost 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Stochastic rainfall downscaling methods usually do not take into
account orographic effects or local precipitation features at spatial scales
finer than those resolved by the large-scale input field. For this reason
they may be less reliable in areas with complex topography or with sub-grid
surface heterogeneities. Here we test a simple method to introduce realistic
fine-scale precipitation patterns into the downscaled fields, with the
objective of producing downscaled data more suitable for climatological and
hydrological applications as well as for extreme event studies. The proposed
method relies on the availability of a reference fine-scale precipitation
climatology from which corrective weights for the downscaled fields are
derived. We demonstrate the method by applying it to the Rainfall Filtered
Autoregressive Model (RainFARM) stochastic rainfall downscaling algorithm. The modified RainFARM method is tested focusing on an area of complex
topography encompassing the Swiss Alps, first, in a “perfect-model
experiment” in which high-resolution (4 km) simulations performed with the
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional model are aggregated to a
coarser resolution (64 km) and then downscaled back to 4 km and compared with
the original data. Second, the modified RainFARM is applied to the E-OBS
gridded precipitation data (0.25∘ spatial resolution) over Switzerland,
where high-quality gridded precipitation climatologies and accurate in situ
observations are available for comparison with the downscaled data for the
period 1981–2010. The results of the perfect-model experiment confirm a clear improvement
in the description of the precipitation distribution when the RainFARM
stochastic downscaling is applied, either with or without the implemented
orographic adjustment. When we separately analyze grid points with
precipitation climatology higher or lower than the median calculated over the
neighboring grid points, we find that the probability density function (PDF)
of the real precipitation is better reproduced using the modified RainFARM
rather than the standard RainFARM method. In fact, the modified method
successfully assigns more precipitation to areas where precipitation is on
average more abundant according to a reference long-term climatology. The results of the E-OBS downscaling show that the modified RainFARM
introduces improvements in the representation of precipitation amplitudes.
While for low-precipitation areas the downscaled and the observed PDFs are in
good agreement, for high-precipitation areas residual differences persist,
mainly related to known E-OBS deficiencies in properly representing the
correct range of precipitation values in the Alpine region. The downscaling
method discussed is not intended to correct the bias which may be present in
the coarse-scale data, so possible biases should be adjusted before applying
the downscaling procedure.
Temps, prédiction et avenir dans la divination rétrospective
Authors: Silva Sónia , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène 
Published: November 2018

Les conceptions actuelles du temps dans l’étude de la divination en Afrique nous contraignent à choisir entre les techniques prophétiques et les techniques rétrospectives. Confrontés au fait que la divination prophétique est peu fréquente en Afrique subsaharienne, nous nous tournons vers la divination que l’on appelle rétrospective. Et cependant, ces méthodes africaines qualifiées de rétrospectives sont orientées vers l’avenir. En se basant sur ses recherches sur les paniers de divination au nord-ouest de la Zambie, ainsi que sur les travaux de Bourdieu, Gell, Guyer et Zeitlyn, Silva démontre que l’orientation vers l’avenir des paniers de divination s’inscrit dans les dynamiques internes à chaque séance. La divination par panier recouvre l’intégralité de la trajectoire allant du diagnostic au pronostic. En outre, les devins tiennent chaque séance à l’intersection de deux états temporels qui se croisent et orientent le parcours des participants : le voyage divinatoire à travers le temps et l’espace, et les signes matériels que contiennent les paniers. Cela permet au passé d’être interprété rétrospectivement, à la lumière des préoccupations du présent, et à l’avenir d’être exposé comme un prolongement du présent. En se concentrant sur la temporalité du présent-en-cours-de-réalisation, un long présent qui s’étend du passé récent au futur proche, les méthodes de divination rétrospective peuvent apporter une aide au consultant en plus de contribuer à l’étude du temps et de l’avenir.
Near‐Infrared Manipulation of Membrane Ion Channels via Upconversion Optogenetics
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Hu Ming , Ai Xiangzhao , Zhang Zhijun , Xing Bengang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMembrane ion channels are ultimately responsible for the propagation and integration of electrical signals in the nervous, muscular, and other systems. Their activation or malfunctioning plays a significant role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Using optogenetics to dynamically and spatiotemporally control ion channels has recently attracted considerable attention. However, most of the established optogenetic tools (e.g., channelrhodopsins, ChRs) for optical manipulations, are mainly stimulated by UV or visible light, which raises the concerns of potential photodamage, limited tissue penetration, and high‐invasive implantation of optical fiber devices. Near‐infrared (NIR) upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)‐mediated optogenetic systems provide great opportunities for overcoming the problems encountered in the manipulation of ion channels in deep tissues. Hence, this review focuses on the recent advances in NIR regulation of membrane ion channels via upconversion optogenetics in biomedical research. The engineering and applications of upconversion optogenetic systems by the incorporation multiple emissive UCNPs into various light‐gated ChRs/ligands are first elaborated, followed by a detailed discussion of the technical improvements for more precise and efficient control of membrane channels. Finally, the future perspectives for refining and advancing NIR‐mediated upconversion optogenetics into in vivo even in clinical applications are proposed.
Identification of Facet‐Governing Reactivity in Hematite for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wu Hao , Yang Tong , Du Yonghua , Shen Lei , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnveiling the impact of a single parameter on the catalytic descriptor is fundamental to guide rational design principles for high‐activity catalysts. Facets with distinct surface coordination that exhibit a central role in the kinetics modulation (reactivity) of surface electrochemistry, have remained elusive in oxygen evolution reactions (OERs). Here, the relationship between the predominant facets and catalytic reactivity is revealed, and it is recognized that facets decisively govern the oxygen evolution activity descriptor in hematite nanocrystals. Specifically, the hematite shows facet‐dependent activity that follows the computed binding energy of surface‐oxygenated intermediates. Moreover, a lower kinetics energy barrier is observed on a highly coordinated surface, both experimentally and computationally, in the light of molecular orbital principles. Consequently, a record‐low overpotential and Tafel slope in iron oxides toward OER are manifested, competing against the benchmark binary transition metal oxide electrocatalysts and expelling the stereotype of the passive oxygen evolution activity of iron oxides. Significantly, the identification of facet‐governing reactivity, construction of favorable facets, and strategic regulation of surface covalency enlighten design strategies for highly active catalysts.
Gel/Solid Polymer Electrolytes Characterized by In Situ Gelation or Polymerization for Electrochemical Energy Systems
Authors: Cho Yoon‐Gyo , Hwang Chihyun , Cheong Do Sol , Kim Young‐Soo , Song Hyun‐Kon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is a liquid electrolyte (LE) entrapped by a small amount of polymer network less than several wt%, which is characterized by properties between those of liquid and solid electrolytes in terms of the ionic conductivity and physical phase. Electrolyte leakage and flammability, demerits of liquid electrolytes, can be mitigated by using GPEs in electrochemical cells. However, the contact problems between GPEs and porous electrodes are challenging because it is difficult to incorporate GPEs into the pores and voids of electrodes. Herein, the focus is on GPEs that are gelated in situ within cells instead of covering comprehensive studies of GPEs. A mixture of LE and monomer or polymer in a liquid phase is introduced into a pre‐assembled cell without electrolyte, followed by thermal gelation based on physical gelation, monomer polymerization, or polymer cross‐linking. Therefore, GPEs are formed omnipresent in cells, covering the pores of electrode material particles, and even the pores of separators. As a result, different from ex situ formed GPEs, the in situ GPEs have no electrode/electrolyte contact problems. Functional GPEs are introduced as a more advanced form of GPEs, improving lithium‐ion transference number or capturing transition metals released from electrode materials.
Shear wave elastography of the maternal cervix: A transabdominal technique
Authors: O'Hara Sandra , Zelesco Marilyn , Sun Zhonghua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionReduced cervical length as seen on transvaginal ultrasound is a strong indicator of spontaneous preterm birth in the high‐risk population. In low‐risk women the appropriate method to assess this risk is still debatable. Ultrasound elastography has been used to assess cervical strength. This research aimed to assess the accuracy of shear wave speeds (SWS) obtained deep to echo free fluid‐filled structures, and the use of two‐dimensional shear wave on the maternal cervix using a transabdominal ultrasound approach.MethodAgreement of SWS measurements obtained through fluid and directly onto an ultrasound phantom was assessed for accuracy. Speed measurements were obtained in the anterior and posterior portions of the internal and external cervical os on 50 gravid participants in the mid‐trimester of pregnancy.ResultsNo difference in SWS was obtained in the phantom with either direct contact or through the saline water‐bath (P > 0.05). In 50 participants, measurements were obtainable at the external os anterior and posterior in 49 and 38 participants, respectively, and in 47 and 42 participants for internal os anterior and posterior. The mean speed obtained at the external os anterior and posterior was 2.01 ± 0.51 and 2.38 ± 0.47 m/s, respectively, and at the internal os anterior and posterior, 2.49 ± 0.50 and 2.58 ± 0.41 m/s.ConclusionShear wave speed measurements can be obtained in the maternal cervix using a transabdominal approach with a moderately full maternal bladder in most patients, with a larger number of shear wave measurements obtained in the anterior cervix compared to posterior.
Photonic Hook Plasmons: A New Curved Surface Wave
Authors: Minin Igor V. , Minin Oleg V. , Ponomarev Dmitry S. , Glinskiy Igor A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractToday the surface plasmon‐polariton (SPP) waves propagating along the curve trajectory are the only plasmonic beams of the Airy family. Herein, a new class of curved surface plasmon wave, the photonic hook plasmon (PHP), is introduced. The PHP is created using the in‐plane focusing of the SPP wave through an asymmetric dielectric particle. This is fundamentally simpler than the generation of the SPP Airy‐family beams. The PHP propagates along a wavelength‐scaled curved trajectory with radius less than the SPP wavelength, which represents the smallest radius of curvature ever recorded for an SPP beam, and can exist despite the strong energy dissipation at metal surface.
Red blood cell exchange in treatment of severe cerebral P. falciparum malaria: A case report
Authors: Genstler Joshua T. , Abdipour Amir 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Red blood cells exchange transfusion has been demonstrated to be helpful in treatment of sever P. falciparum malaria. However, no large scale randomized controlled trials have been completed to date and the CDC does not recommend RBC exchange transfusions as standard of care. We present a case of severe cerebral malaria in a patient with extremely high parasitemia and severe altered mental status who improved rapidly with automated RBC exchange.
Report: Seventy‐two year old female presented with 1 day history of weakness, altered mental status, malaise, and cyclic sweats after returning from a trip to Sierra Leone. Thick and Thin Smears demonstrated P. falciparum rings present and Quantitative malaria screen demonstrated 53.33% parasitemia. Patient was started on quinidine and doxycycline but continued to deteriorate. Automated RBC exchange transfusion was performed within 24 hours of admission and resulted in rapid improvement in symptomology. Repeat thick and thin smears revealed undetectable parasite load.
Conclusion: Automated RBC exchange may improve outcomes in severe P. falciparum malaria when presenting parasite loads are very high.
Effects of ANRIL polymorphisms on the likelihood of coronary artery disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Yingli , Zhao Di , Dong Pingshuan , Wang Honglei , Li Daolin , Lai Lihong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhether antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) polymorphisms are associated with the likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. Therefore, we performed this study to explore correlation between ANRIL polymorphisms and CAD.MethodsLiterature retrieve was conducted in PubMed, Medline and Embase. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsNineteen studies were enrolled for analyses. Pooled overall analyses showed that rs1333040 (dominant model: P < 0.0001; recessive model: P < 0.0001; allele model: P < 0.0001), rs1333049 (dominant model: P = 0.02; allele model: P = 0.02) and rs2383207 (additive model: P = 0.004; allele model: P = 0.03) polymorphisms were significantly associated with the likelihood of CAD. Further subgroup analyses revealed that rs1333040, rs1333049, rs2383206, rs2383207, rs10757274, and rs10757278 polymorphisms were all significantly correlated with the likelihood of CAD in East Asians. Additionally, rs2383206, rs10757274, and rs10757278 polymorphisms were also significantly correlated with the likelihood of CAD in Caucasians and West Asians.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that rs1333040, rs1333049, rs2383206, rs2383207, rs10757274, and rs10757278 polymorphisms may serve as genetic biomarkers of CAD in East Asians. Moreover, rs2383206, rs10757274, and rs10757278 polymorphisms may also serve as genetic biomarkers of CAD in Caucasians and West Asians.
MiRNA‐199a‐5p positively regulated RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation by target Mafb protein
Authors: Guo Kai , Zhang Dawei , Wu Haining , Zhu Qingsheng , Yang Chongfei , Zhu Jinyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs are involved in osteoclast differentiation. Although miR‐199a‐5p plays an important role in many different systems and diseases, its function during osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function and the target gene of miR‐199a‐5p in osteoclast differentiation. The in vitro data showed that miR‐199a‐5p was significantly upregulated after the stimulation by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand in macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. After transfection of miR‐199a‐5p mimic, the messenger RNA expression level of nuclear factor of activated T‐cells cytoplasmic 1, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B was significantly increased in RAW 264.7 cells and the number of TRAP‐positive cells was also increased. MiR‐199a‐5p inhibitor showed the complete opposite outcome which brought additional proof to our finding. Overexpression of miR‐199a‐5p led to downregulation of Mafb protein. The luciferase activity was obviously repressed when WT‐pGL3‐Mafb and miR‐199a‐5p mimics were cotransfected into 293 T cells and the inhibitors cotransfected demonstrated reverse result. MiR‐199a‐5p overexpressed during osteoclast differentiation and positively regulated osteoclast formation in vitro by target Mafb.
Selective β2‐adrenoreceptor signaling regulates osteoclastogenesis via modulating RANKL production and neuropeptides expression in osteocytic MLO‐Y4 cells
Authors: Liang Hengxing , Zeng Yuanyuan , Feng Yunzhi , Wu Hanjiang , Gong Ping , Yao Qianqian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) signaling on bone cells is the major contributor in the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on bone turnover. However, it remains unclear whether receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‐Β ligand (RANKL) modulation and neuropeptides expression in osteocytes are responsible for the mechanism. This study used β2‐AR stimulation to investigate cell cycle and proliferation, the gene and protein expression of RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG), as well as neuropeptides regulation in osteocytic MLO‐Y4 cells. Clenbuterol (CLE; a β2‐AR agonist) slightly promoted the growth of MLO‐Y4 cells in a concentration‐dependent effect but had no effect on the proliferation index. And the concentration of 10−8 M showed a significant increase in the S‐phase fraction on day 3 in comparison with the control. Additionally, CLE‐promoted osteoclast formation and bone resorption in osteocytic MLO‐Y4 cell‐RAW264.7 cell cocultures. RANKL expression level and the ratio of RANKL to OPG in MLO‐Y4 cells were enhanced in CLE treatment but were rescued by blocking β2‐AR signaling. However, neuropeptide Y and α‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide, two neurogenic markers, were inhibited in CLE treatment of MLO‐Y4 cells, which was reversed by a β2‐AR blocker. The results indicate that osteocytic β2‐AR plays an important role in the regulation of RANKL/OPG and neuropeptides expression, and β2‐AR signaling in osteocytes can be used as a new valuable target for osteoclast‐related pathologic disease.
Peptide selected by phage display increases survival of SH‐SY5Y neurons comparable to brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Nafian Fatemeh , Rasaee Mohammad Javad , Yazdani Shahin , Daftarian Narsis , Soheili Zahra Soheila , Kamali Doust Azad Babak 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a well‐known neuroprotectant and a potent therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are several clinical concerns about its therapeutic applications. In the current study, we designed and developed BDNF‐mimicking small peptides as an alternative to circumvent these problems. A phage‐displayed peptide library was screened using BDNF receptor (neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type2 [NTRK2]) and evaluated by ELISA. The peptide sequences showed similarity to loop2 of BDNF, they were recognized as discontinuous epitopes though. Interestingly, in silico molecular docking showed strong interactions between the peptide three‐dimensional models and the surface residues of the NTRK2 protein at the IgC2 domain. A consensus peptide sequence was then synthesized to generate a mimetic construct (named as RNYK). The affinity binding and function of this construct was confirmed by testing against the native structure of NTRK2 in SH‐SY5Y cells in vitro using flow‐cytometry and MTT assays, respectively. RNYK at 5 ng/mL prevented neuronal degeneration of all‐
trans‐retinoic acid‐treated SH‐SY5Y with equal efficacy to or even better than BDNF at 50 ng/mL.
miR‐30a promoter variation contributes to the increased risk of colorectal cancer in an Iranian population
Authors: Sadeghi Hossein , Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad Ehsan , Yaghoob‐Taleghani Mohammad , Amin‐Beidokhti Mona , Yassaee Vahid Reza , Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Zali Mohammad Reza , Mirfakhraie Reza 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1) gene is overexpressed in many cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC) and correlated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and the reduced overall survival. We predicted that miR‐30a and miR‐125a regulate the
CYp24A1 gene expression. Therefore, we performed a case‐control study using 800 individuals, including 389 patients with CRC and 411 noncancer controls to evaluate the association between miR‐30a rs2222722 and miR‐125a rs12976445 polymorphisms, located at in the promoter region, and the risk of sporadic CRC in an Iranian population. The genotyping assay for both polymorphisms was performed using Tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation systems polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that the frequency of the miR‐30a rs2222722 CT genotype was significantly different in the studied groups (
P = 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39‐2.60). Also, a significant difference was observed under the dominant inheritance model (
P = 0.0001; OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.33‐2.43). The frequency of the miR‐30a rs2222722 T allele was significantly associated with increased CRC risk in the studied population (
P = 0.0019; OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.89). Taken together, our study provides preliminary evidence that the rs2222722 polymorphism increases the susceptibility to CRC in an Iranian population. Therefore, the affecting factors on
CYP24A1 gene expression such as microRNAs can be considered as risk factors for CRC.