bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photochemical Applications
Authors: Guo Liping , Jin Shangbin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a type of intriguing crystalline porous network material which has attracted extensive research attention in many fields. In particular, the crystalline and designable structures which can be constructed with diverse building blocks and topologies endow covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high photoconductivity and multiple potential applications in photochemistry. The chemical stability of the host COF is fundamental to guarantee the durability of the photocatalytic performance, which can be realized by robust linkages. For this reason, significant attention has recently focused on the development of stable COFs. Herein, advances achieved in the development of stable COFs for photochemical applications are described, including photocatalytic hydrogen production and reduction of CO2, photocatalytic organic reaction transformations, photocatalytic environmental remediation, and other applications. Furthermore, the future of COFs for application in photocatalysis are discussed.
Usefulness of immunohistochemical staining for MUC5AC in differentiating primary pancreatic cancer from pancreatic metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Yamashita Hiroki , Kurita Akira , Azuma Shunjiro , Kudo Yasushi , Matsuzaki Naomi , Yazumi Shujiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDiagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its differentiation from metastases to the pancreas from other organs remains challenging. We report a case in which immunohistochemical staining for MUC5AC was useful in distinguishing primary pancreatic cancer from breast cancer metastasis. A 51‐year‐old Japanese woman who underwent curative resection of her breast cancer was referred to our hospital with a pancreatic head tumor. Although we surmised her pancreatic tumor to be metastatic breast cancer based on her past history and imaging studies, she was subsequently diagnosed with PDAC on the basis of immunohistochemical staining for MUC5AC using specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound‐fine‐needle aspiration. Thus, MUC5AC may be a useful diagnostic marker for discriminating PDAC from a secondary malignancy.
Measurements and ecological implications of non‐rainfall water in desert ecosystems—A review
Authors: Kidron Giora J. , Starinsky Abraham 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current review focuses on the contribution of non‐rainfall water (NRW) to arid and semiarid regions (with a focus on the Negev), where NRW may provide a constant source of water that may facilitate the survival of different organisms, especially microorganisms. Factors that determine the amounts of NRW and the contribution of NRW to plants and organisms are discussed. Nevertheless, although important, significant variation exists regarding the amounts of NRW, which may stem from improper use or inherent drawbacks of some of the measurement devices. This may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the possible role played by NRW. For instance, with prokaryotes (bacteria and cyanobacteria) requiring liquid water (≥0.1 mm) for growth, small inaccuracies in NRW around this threshold may either lead to the conclusion that NRW is sufficiently high to facilitate their growth, or rather, is too low to facilitate their growth. Arguing that some of the devices used to measure NRW may greatly overestimate the amounts, the possible contribution of NRW to soil bacteria and cyanobacterial biocrusts is analysed. We suggest that although NRW may assist the growth and survival of mosses and some types of lichens (mostly non‐crustose), no conclusive findings were thus far reported regarding the use of dew for cyanobacteria growth. The use of dew by cyanobacterial crust for growth should be critically examined, and the possibility that NRW may even result in a negative carbon balance for cyanobacterial crusts should be considered.
The unprecedented loss of Florida's reef‐building corals and the emergence of a novel coral‐reef assemblage
Authors: Toth L. T. , Stathakopoulos A. , Kuffner I. B. , Ruzicka R. R. , Colella M. A. , Shinn E. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the last half century, climate change, coral disease, and other anthropogenic disturbances have restructured coral‐reef ecosystems on a global scale. The disproportionate loss of once‐dominant, reef‐building taxa has facilitated relative increases in the abundance of “weedy” or stress‐tolerant coral species. Although the recent transformation of coral‐reef assemblages is unprecedented on ecological timescales, determining whether modern coral reefs have truly reached a novel ecosystem state requires evaluating the dynamics of reef composition over much longer periods of time. Here, we provide a geologic perspective on the shifting composition of Florida's reefs by reconstructing the millennial‐scale spatial and temporal variability in reef assemblages using 59 Holocene reef cores collected throughout the Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT). We then compare the relative abundances of reef‐building species in the Holocene reef framework to data from contemporary reef surveys to determine how much Florida's modern reef assemblages have diverged from long‐term baselines. We show that the composition of Florida's reefs was, until recently, remarkably stable over the last 8000 yr. The same corals that have dominated shallow‐water reefs throughout the western Atlantic for hundreds of thousands of years, Acropora palmata, Orbicella spp., and other massive coral taxa, accounted for nearly 90% of Florida's Holocene reef framework. In contrast, the species that now have the highest relative abundances on the FKRT, primarily Porites astreoides and Siderastrea siderea, were rare in the reef framework, suggesting that recent shifts in species assemblages are unprecedented over millennial timescales. Although it may not be possible to return coral reefs to pre‐Anthropocene states, our results suggest that coral‐reef management focused on the conservation and restoration of the reef‐building species of the past, will optimize efforts to preserve coral reefs, and the valuable ecosystem services they provide into the future.
Active Junctions to Improve Sensitivity and Detection Limit of a Microdevice Based on Coulometry Coupled with Silver Metallization
Authors: Anshori Isa , Takie Shuichi , Suzuki Hiroaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor achieving miniaturization and coupling with microfluidics, electrochemical devices are advantageous. In particular, coulometry is an effective tool to analyze components in solutions of very small volumes. The sensitivity and detection limit of coulometry can be improved remarkably by converting an analyte into Ag on the same Pt electrode separated in two flow channels and measuring the amount of Ag using coulometry. We demonstrate that the cathodic and anodic potentials of both parts of the Pt electrode can be shifted and reactions can be accelerated by replacing the liquid junction connecting the two flow channels by a metal wire with redox active ends. This in turn improves the sensitivity and detection limit of the device. This effect can also be observed by directly applying a voltage to the solutions in the flow channels. The achieved detection limit for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was 2.4 nM.
Permselectivity of Electrodeposited Polydopamine/Graphene Composite for Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine
Authors: Xie Fang , Zhou Yueming , Liang Xizhen , Zhou Zhiping , Luo Jianqiang , Liu Shujuan , Ma Jianguo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA novel permselective film of electrodeposited polydopamine (PDA) on electrochemical reduced graphene oxide (erGO) surface was prepared. The obtained composite films were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The influences of permselectivity with different electropolymerized cycles and concentration of dopamine on electrochemical responses of biomolecules on electrode were investigated. It was found that the composite film held high cationic permeable to dopamine (DA) and good suppression of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) using CV. The anodic peak currents were proportional to dopamine concentration. The significant permselectivity suggested that the PDA/graphene‐modified electrode has opened a new route to high selective dopamine biosensor.
Modeling longitudinal imaging biomarkers with parametric Bayesian multi‐task learning
Authors: Aksman Leon M. , Scelsi Marzia A. , Marquand Andre F. , Alexander Daniel C. , Ourselin Sebastien , Altmann Andre ,   for ADNI
Published: June 2019

AbstractLongitudinal imaging biomarkers are invaluable for understanding the course of neurodegeneration, promising the ability to track disease progression and to detect disease earlier than cross‐sectional biomarkers. To properly realize their potential, biomarker trajectory models must be robust to both under‐sampling and measurement errors and should be able to integrate multi‐modal information to improve trajectory inference and prediction. Here we present a parametric Bayesian multi‐task learning based approach to modeling univariate trajectories across subjects that addresses these criteria. Our approach learns multiple subjects' trajectories within a single model that allows for different types of information sharing, that is, coupling, across subjects. It optimizes a combination of uncoupled, fully coupled and kernel coupled models. Kernel‐based coupling allows linking subjects' trajectories based on one or more biomarker measures. We demonstrate this using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, where we model longitudinal trajectories of MRI‐derived cortical volumes in neurodegeneration, with coupling based on APOE genotype, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and amyloid PET‐based biomarkers. In addition to detecting established disease effects, we detect disease related changes within the insula that have not received much attention within the literature. Due to its sensitivity in detecting disease effects, its competitive predictive performance and its ability to learn the optimal parameter covariance from data rather than choosing a specific set of random and fixed effects a priori, we propose that our model can be used in place of or in addition to linear mixed effects models when modeling biomarker trajectories. A software implementation of the method is publicly available.
Brain gray matter correlates of extraversion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of voxel‐based morphometry studies
Authors: Lai Han , Wang Song , Zhao Yajun , Zhang Lei , Yang Cheng , Gong Qiyong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExtraversion is a fundamental personality dimension closely related to an individual's life outcomes and mental health. Although an increasing number of studies have attempted to identify the neurostructural markers of extraversion, the results have been highly inconsistent. The current study aimed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of brain gray matter (GM) correlates of extraversion with a systematic review and meta‐analysis approach. Our review showed relatively high interstudy heterogeneity among previous findings. Our meta‐analysis of whole‐brain voxel‐based morphometry studies revealed that extraversion was stably associated with six core brain regions. Additionally, meta‐regression analyses identified brain regions where the associations of extraversion with GM volume were modulated by gender and age. The relationships between extraversion and GM structures were discussed based on three extraversion‐related functional systems. Furthermore, we explained the gender and age effects. Overall, our study is the first to reveal a comprehensive picture of brain GM correlates of extraversion, and the findings may be useful for the selection of targeted brain areas for extraversion interventions.
“Sons of the West” leadership academy: Examining impact on community connectedness, leadership and self‐efficacy
Authors: Chamravi Daniel , Di Benedetto Mirella , Naccarella Lucio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIssue addressedAustralian men experience poorer health, have reduced help‐seeking behaviours, engage in unhealthy coping mechanisms and suicide rates are disproportionately high, compared to Australian women. The “Sons of the West” (SOTW) Premiership Program is an Australian men's physical and mental health promotion program, which includes a Leadership Academy (LA), so that Premiership Program graduates can further develop skills and become leaders in improving male health. The aim of this research study was to determine if the SOTW Leadership Academy improved community connectedness, leadership attributes and self‐efficacy amongst LA graduates.MethodsSixty‐seven Australian males (M = 53.42, SD = 11.80, age range: 20‐72), from two groups (Premiership Program graduates who completed the LA and those who only completed the Premiership Program) completed three self‐rated questionnaires on community connectedness, self‐efficacy and leadership qualities.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the two groups, showing that LA graduates had increased levels of leadership skills, self‐efficacy and community connectedness compared to those who did not complete the LA.ConclusionThis study indicates that a men's health program can not only engage and improve the health of men, but also help them develop skills and enhance their own strengths, so that they can improve the health and well‐being of others.So what?The development of leadership pathways and capacity building, embedded within health promotion programs, is an important aspect of improving health and well‐being.
Hydraulic redistribution and hydrological controls on aspen transpiration and establishment in peatlands following wildfire
Authors: Depante Midori , Morison Matthew Q. , Petrone Richard M. , Devito Kevin J. , Kettridge Nicholas , Waddington James M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the sub‐humid Western Boreal Plains of Alberta, where evapotranspiration often exceeds precipitation, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) uplands often depend on adjacent peatlands for water supply through hydraulic redistribution. Wildfire is common in the Boreal Plains, so the resilience of the transfer of water from peatlands to uplands through roots immediately following wildfire may have implications for aspen succession. The objective of this research was to characterize post‐fire peatland‐upland hydraulic connectivity and assess controls on aspen transpiration (as a measure of stress and productivity) among landscape topographic positions. In May 2011, a wildfire affected 90,000 ha of north central Alberta, including the Utikuma Region Study Area (URSA). Portions of an URSA glacio‐fluval outwash lake catchment were burned, which included forests and a small peatland. Within 1 year after the fire, aspen were found to be growing in both the interior and margins of this peatland. Across recovering land units, transpiration varied along a topographic gradient of upland midslope (0.42 mm hr−1) > upland hilltop (0.29 mm hr−1) > margin (0.23 mm hr−1) > peatland (0.10 mm hr−1); similar trends were observed with leaf area and stem heights. Although volumetric water content was below field capacity, P. tremuloides were sustained through roots present, likely before fire, in peatland margins through hydraulic redistribution. Evidence for this was observed through the analysis of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopes where upland xylem and peat core signatures were −10.0‰ and −117.8‰ and −9.2‰ and −114.0‰, respectively. This research highlights the potential importance of hydraulic redistribution to forest sustainability and recovery, in which the continued delivery of water may result in the encroachment of aspen into peatlands. As such, we suggest that through altering ecosystem services, peatland margins following fire may be at risk to aspen colonization during succession.
Investigating hydrologic responses to spatio‐temporal characteristics of storms using a Dynamic Moving Storm generator
Authors: Gao Shang , Fang Zheng N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA synthetic storm generator—Dynamic Moving Storm (DMS)—is developed in this study to represent spatio‐temporal variabilities of rainfall and storm movement in synthetic storms. Using an urban watershed as the testbed, the authors investigate the hydrologic responses to the DMS parameters and their interactions. In order to reveal the complex nature of rainfall–run‐off processes, previously simplified assumptions are relaxed in this study regarding (a) temporal variability of rainfall intensity and (b) time‐invariant flow velocity in channel routing. The results of this study demonstrate the significant contribution of storm moving velocity to the variation of peak discharge based on a global sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, a pairwise sensitivity analysis is conducted to elucidate not only the patterns in individual contributions from parameters to hydrologic responses but also their interactions with storm moving velocity. The intricacies of peak discharges resulting from sensitivity analyses are then dissected into independent hydrologic metrics, that is, run‐off volume and standard deviation of run‐off timings, for deeper insights. It is confirmed that peak discharge is increased when storms travel downstream along the main channel at the speed that corresponds to a temporal superposition of run‐off. Spatial concentration of catchment rainfall is found to be a critical linkage through which characteristics of moving storms affect peak discharges. In addition, altering peak timing of rainfall intensity in conjunction with storm movement results in varied storm core locations in the channel network, which further changes the flow attenuation effects from channel routing. For future directions, the DMS generator will be embedded in a stochastic modelling framework and applied in rainfall/flow frequency analysis.
Mortality, teratogenicity and growth inhibition of three glyphosate formulations using Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay‐Xenopus
Authors: Babalola O. Oluwaseun , Truter J. Christoff , van Wyk Johannes H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmple evidence around the world exists suggesting a link between exposure to glyphosate, toxicity and perturbed physiological functions in non‐target organisms. Although glyphosate formulations are widely used for weed and alien plant management, their ecotoxicological information remain scanty. Using the 96‐hour Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay‐Xenopus protocol, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of three glyphosate‐based formulations were assessed. Embryos of Xenopus laevis were exposed to Roundup, Kilo Max and Enviro Glyphosate at concentration of 0.3‐1.3, 130‐280 and 320‐560 mg acid equivalent (a.e.)/L respectively. The results showed Roundup to be more toxic than the other formulations with a 96‐hour LC50 of 1.05 mg a.e/L. compared with 207 mg a.e./L, and 466 mg a.e./L for Kilo Max and Enviro Glyphosate respectively. Although, both Roundup and Kilo Max formulations show inhibition on growth of the embryo‐larva (P ˂ .05), the minimum concentration inhibiting growth ratios of the three formulations was >0.30 baseline, indicating no significant growth inhibiting effect in the formulations. For teratogenicity, Roundup and Enviro Glyphosate formulations exhibited increasing teratogenic traces, with the teratogenic index at 1.7 and 1.6 respectively. Kilo Max formulation shows low teratogenicity with the teratogenic index at 1.4. Characteristic malformation induced by these formulations included generalized edema, cardiac and abdominal edema, improper gut formation and axial malformations. This study confirms that these formulations could be a potential physiological and ecological health disruptor, particularly concerning teratogenicity and growth disruption. Further studies to characterize the contributions of their surfactants will be invaluable.
Functional near infrared spectroscopy using spatially resolved data to account for tissue scattering: A numerical study and arm‐cuff experiment
Authors: Veesa Joshua D. , Dehghani Hamid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFunctional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) aims to recover changes in tissue optical parameters relating to tissue hemodynamics, to infer functional information in biological tissue. A widely‐used application of fNIRS relies on continuous wave (CW) methodology that utilizes multiple distance measurements on human head for study of brain health. The typical method used is spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS), which is shown to recover tissue oxygenation index (TOI) based on gradient of light intensity measured between two detectors. However, this methodology does not account for tissue scattering which is often assumed. A new parameter recovery algorithm is developed, which directly recovers both the scattering parameter and scaled chromophore concentrations and hence TOI from the measured gradient of light‐attenuation at multiple wavelengths. It is shown through simulations that in comparison to conventional SRS which estimates cerebral TOI values with an error of ±12.3%, the proposed method provides more accurate estimate of TOI exhibiting an error of ±5.7% without any prior assumptions of tissue scatter, and can be easily implemented within CW fNIRS systems. Using an arm‐cuff experiment, the obtained TOI using the proposed method is shown to provide a higher and more realistic value as compared to utilizing any prior assumptions of tissue scatter.
The Design and Validation of a New Algorithm to Identify Incident Fractures in Administrative Claims Data
Authors: Wright Nicole C , Daigle Shanette G , Melton Mary E , Delzell Elizabeth S , Balasubramanian Akhila , Curtis Jeffrey R 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Our study validated a claims-based algorithm for the identification of incident and recurrent fractures in administrative data. We used Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) claims from 2005 to 2014 linked to the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) database. Case qualifying (CQ) fractures were identified among participants with ≥12 months of fee-for-service coverage before first fracture claim and ≥6 months after. Recurrent fractures were defined as the first CQ fracture that occurred following a clean period of at least 90 days from the last claim associated with the preceding incident fracture. We used medical records (discharge summary, imaging, and surgical report) to adjudicate fractures. We calculated positive predictive values (PPVs) for incident and recurrent fractures. Our study was not designed to assess the algorithm sensitivity or negative predictive value. We identified 2049 potential incident fractures from claims among 1650 participants. Record retrieval was attempted for 728 (35.5%) suspected incident fractures (prioritizing more recent CQ fractures associated with osteoporosis, but without explicitly requiring any osteoporosis ICD-9 diagnosis code). Our final sample included 520 claims-identified fractures with medical records, of which 502 (96.5%) were confirmed. The PPVs (95% CI) of the hip, wrist, humerus, and clinical vertebra—all exceeded 95%. We identified 117 beneficiaries with 292 ≥2 CQ fracture episodes at the same site, and attempted retrieval on 105 (36.0%) episodes. Our analytic sample included 72 (68.5%) CQ episodes from 33 participants. The PPVs for identifying recurrent clinical vertebral, hip/femur, and nonvertebral fractures with a 90-day clean period exceeded 95%. Although we could not ascertain sensitivity, our updated fracture identification algorithms had high PPV for the identification of incident and recurrent fractures of the same site. Although medical record review and clinical adjudication remain a gold standard, our claims-based algorithm provides an alternative approach to fracture ascertainment when high PPV is desired. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.