bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasting C‐peptide, a biomarker for hypoglycaemia risk in insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin glargine 100 U/mL
Authors: Landgraf Wolfgang , Owens David R. , Frier Brian M. , Zhang Mei , Bolli Geremia B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between baseline fasting C‐peptide (FCP) and outcomes in insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla‐100).Materials and methodsPost hoc pooled analysis of nine randomized, treat‐to‐target trials in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral antihyperglycaemic drugs initiating once‐daily Gla‐100. Participants (n = 2165) were stratified at baseline according to FCP (≤0.40, >0.40–1.20, >1.20–2.00, >2.00 nmol/L). Glycaemic control, body weight, insulin dose and hypoglycaemia were determined at 24 weeks.ResultsAt baseline low FCP levels were associated with longer known diabetes duration, lower body mass index and higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Following Gla‐100 introduction, the mean HbA1c reduction at week 24 was similar in all four FCP groups, albeit fewer people in the lowest FCP group achieved HbA1c <7.0% versus FCP groups >0.40 nmol/L. By contrast, FPG reduction and proportion reaching FPG ≤5.6 mmol/L were greatest in the lowest FCP group, diminishing at higher FCP levels. Gla‐100 dose at week 24 was lowest in the ≤0.40 nmol/L FCP group and highest in the >1.20 nmol/L FCP group. Incidence and event rate of overall, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia were higher at week 24 in groups with lower FCP levels. In multivariable regression analysis baseline FCP, concomitant sulphonylurea use and endpoint HbA1c were strong predictors of hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsFCP levels identified patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing different responses to basal insulin Gla‐100. A low FCP identifies a markedly insulin‐deficient, insulin‐sensitive subgroup/phenotype with an enhanced risk of hypoglycaemia, which requires a low initial basal insulin dose, cautious titration and earlier addition of prandial glucose‐lowering therapy.
Adopted Children's Social Competence: The Interplay Between Past and Present Influences
Authors: Soares Joana , Barbosa‐Ducharne Maria , Palacios Jesús , Moreira Marta , Fonseca Sílvia , Cruz Orlanda 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo explore potential postadoption moderators of the link between preadoption experiences and adoptees' social competence.BackgroundIn the context of the limited and inconsistent knowledge about adopted children's social competence, our hypotheses concern the interplay between preadoption parental neglect and adoptive parents' emotion socialization practices.MethodWith adopters as informants, the social competence of 97 Portuguese school‐age children was evaluated in terms of social skills and competing problem behaviors, using the Social Skills Improvement System‐Rating Scale. Children's preadoption experiences (using a sociodemographic questionnaire) and parental emotion socialization (evaluated by the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale) were also assessed.ResultsTime since adoption and unsupportive adoptive parents' responses moderated the relationship between preadoption parental neglect and adoptees' social skills. Unsupportive adoptive parents' responses exacerbated the effects of preadoption neglect. This moderation was stronger with longer postadoption time.ConclusionAdded to preadoption parental neglect, unsupportive adoptive parenting accentuates the risks for adoptees' social competence.ImplicationsAdoptive parents should be informed that socialization practices concerning children's negative emotions are associated with adopted children's social competence.
Correlation of changes in seasonal distribution and catch of red sea bream Pagrus major with winter temperature in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan (1972–2010)
Authors: Yamamoto Masayuki , Omi Hiroaki , Yasue Naotaka , Kasai Akihide 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRed sea bream Pagrus major is a commercially important fish in Japan. In eastern Seto Inland Sea (SIS), the catch has increased from 297 tons in 1972 to 2,039 tons in 2010. We examined the relationship, 1972–2010, between increase in catch and winter temperature, based on the catch in February and March and the lowest water temperature at 10 m depth. In 1972–1986, the lowest water temperatures in the inner SIS areas (Osaka Bay, Harima‐nada, and Bisan‐seto) were <8°C, which is physiologically unfavorable for red sea bream. However, in 1987–2010 temperatures were generally ≥8°C. In the inner areas, the catch during winter had been minimal until the early 1980s, presumably because most red sea breams moved to the Kuroshio‐influenced (warmer) Kii Channel area. However, the winter catch in the inner areas of SIS increased from the late 1980s with warm winters. In addition, the catch between April and June, the spawning season, increased in the inner areas from the 1990s, and the catch rate of the inner areas was more than twice higher in the 2000s than in the 1980s. The results suggest that expansion of the distribution area during winter due to warm winter and increase in egg production in the inner areas greatly contributes to the increasing in catch in the eastern SIS.
An insect invasion of Antarctica: the past, present and future distribution of Eretmoptera murphyi (Diptera, Chironomidae) on Signy Island
Authors: Bartlett Jesamine C. , Convey Pete , Pertierra Luis R. , Hayward Scott A. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rising human activity in Antarctica, combined with continued warming of the polar climate, means the risk of non‐native terrestrial species colonising and establishing in its biodiversity‐ and nutrient‐poor ecosystems is increasing.
Of the five non‐native invertebrate species currently in terrestrial Antarctica, the flightless midge Eretmoptera murphyi (Schaeffer, The Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 2:90–94, 1914) is perhaps the most persistent insect invader. Accidentally introduced to Signy Island (60°S) in the 1960s from sub‐Antarctic South Georgia (54°S), E. murphyi has steadily increased its distribution, however, its status has not been reassessed for a decade.
Here, we update the distribution of E. murphyi on Signy, specifically assessing whether footpaths to regularly visited research sites represent dispersal corridors.
Our findings show that both the abundance and range of E. murphyi have increased significantly since 2009, particularly along paths leading away from the original introduction site, and that the species is now on the cusp of moving into new valley systems.
We identify a moderate association with soil/substrate and vegetation types and build Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models to predict areas of the island that may be at highest risk of future colonisation.
As a detritivore with no competitors or predators, E. murphyi may have a major impact. For example, accelerating nutrient cycling which may have wider impacts on all levels of biodiversity.
This study highlights the need for an assessment of current biosecurity protocols applied within the Antarctic Treaty system, as well as the need for systematic regular monitoring of introduced and invasive species in Antarctica.
Microstructural and technological investigation of bone China reformulated with nepheline syenite and quartz addition
Authors: Kabakci Elif , Capoglu Ahmet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, bone china body was reformulated by completely replacing Cornish stone with nepheline syenite and quartz. Effect of controlled milling/mixing on the technological properties and microstructural evolution was also studied. Specimens prepared both from reformulated and controlled milled/mixed bodies were sintered between 1200 and 1250°C with 25°C increment. Sintering and technological properties of reformulated bodies were not being adversely affected but conversely, the measured flexural strength values (55 MPa) were half of the value that was published for bone china (100 MPa). Microstructural investigations showed that enlarged pore formation was the reason for strength reduction. However, improvement in particle packing by controlled milling/mixing eliminated enlarged pore formation and in response, flexural strength values increased to conventionally quoted levels. Detailed microstructural investigations revealed that the reason behind enlarged pore formation was heterogeneous distributions of body components, especially CaO and quartz grains. It was suggested that variations of CaO and SiO2 to form improper ratio between them would affect the viscosity of glassy phase and crystallization, which would prevent gases in pores to dissolve away. The obtainment of homogenous distribution of body components by controlled milling/mixing has a strong influence on the evolution of microstructure and improvement of technological properties.
Cell‐autonomous impact of polysialic acid‐producing enzyme ST8SIA2 on developmental migration and distribution of cortical interneurons
Authors: Schuster Ute E. , Rossdam Charlotte , Röckle Iris , Schiff Miriam , Hildebrandt Herbert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn humans, variations in the polysialic acid‐producing enzyme ST8SIA2 and disturbances in the cortical inhibitory system are associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. In mice, the ST8SIA2‐dependent formation of polysialic acid during embryonic development is crucial for the establishment of interneuron populations of the medial prefrontal cortex. However, the spatial pattern and the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of interneuron changes caused by loss of ST8SIA2 function have not been fully characterized. Here, we use immunohistochemical analysis to demonstrate that densities of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons are not only reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex, but also in the adjacent motor and somatosensory cortices of St8sia2‐deficient male mice. These reductions, however, were confined to the rostral parts of the analyzed region. Mice with conditional knockout of St8sia2 under the interneuron‐specific Lhx6 promoter, but not mice with a deletion under the Emx1 promoter that targets cortical excitatory neurons and glia, largely recapitulated the area‐specific changes of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons in the anterior cortex of St8sia2‐/‐ mice. Live imaging of interneuron migration in slice cultures of the developing cortex revealed a comparable reduction of directional persistence accompanied by increased branching of leading processes in slice cultures obtained from St8sia2‐/‐ embryos or from embryos with interneuron‐specific ablation of St8sia2. Together, the data demonstrate a cell‐autonomous impact of ST8SIA2 on cortical interneuron migration and the distribution of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons in the anterior cortex. This provides a neurodevelopmental mechanism for how dysregulation of ST8SIA2 may lead to disturbed inhibitory balance as observed in schizophrenia and autism.
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Thymol reverses depression-like behaviour and upregulates hippocampal BDNF levels in chronic corticosterone-induced depression model in female mice
Authors: Capibaribe Victor Celso Cavalcanti , Vasconcelos Mallmann Auriana Serra , Lopes Iardja Stéfane , Oliveira Iris Cristina Maia , de Oliveira Natalia Ferreira , Chaves Raquell de Castro , Fernandes Mariana Lima , de Araujo Mariana Albuquerque , da Silva Daniel Moreira Alves , Valentim José Tiago , Maia Chaves Filho Adriano José , Macêdo Danielle Silveira , de Vasconcelos Silvânia Maria Mendes , de Carvalho Alyne Mara Rodrigues , de Sousa Francisca Cléa Florenço 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Based on this, the central therapeutic effects of thymol were verified in the neurotrophic pathway.

Methods
Female swiss mice were divided into four groups: control, corticosterone (Cort), thymol (Cort + thymol) and fluvoxamine (Cort + Flu). The administration of corticosterone was used to induce depressive symptoms for 23 days. After the treatment, the animals were exposed the behavioural tests, such as forced swimming test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, light/dark test, social interaction test, Y-maze test, plus-maze test and hole-board test. The hippocampus was also removed, and BDNF was measured by ELISA and Western blot.

Key findings
As a result, thymol and fluvoxamine were able to reverse the depressive symptoms, as well as to improve the anxious frame. The anhedonic and short-term memory was restored with the treatment. In the neurochemical tests, both thymol and fluvoxamine restored BDNF levels, improving the depressive condition.

Conclusions
This work opens up new investigations aiming at the use of this molecule as a therapeutic alternative for treating depression disorders.
Outcome and complications in horses administered sterile or non‐sterile fluids intravenously
Authors: Kopper Jamie J. , Bolger Megan E. , Kogan Clark J. , Schott Harold C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundObtaining commercial fluids for intravenous administration (IVF) was challenging during a recent shortage. This necessitated use of custom‐made non‐sterile fluids for intravenous administration (JUGs) in some hospitals. There are no studies comparing outcome of horses treated with JUG versus IVF and limited information is available about adverse effects of JUGs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate death, complications, blood pH, and plasma electrolyte concentrations of horses that received JUG versus IVFs.AnimalsOne hundred eighty‐six horses that received IVFs and 37 that received JUGs.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was performed to identify horses that received IVFs or JUGs during hospitalization. Information including survival to discharge, complications (fever [>38.5°C], jugular vein phlebitis/thrombosis, arrhythmia, or laminitis), blood pH, and plasma electrolyte concentrations were obtained.ResultsThere was no difference (P = .67) in survival to discharge for horses that received JUGs (78%) compared to horses that received IVFs (87%). Horses that received JUGs were more likely to develop a jugular vein complication (3 of 37 versus 1 of 186, odds ratio 17.2 [95% CI 1.9‐389.8], P = .04). Horses that received JUGs were more likely to have electrolyte abnormalities consistent with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceVeterinarians using JUGs should obtain informed client consent because of a potential increased risk of jugular vein complications. Chloride content of JUGs should be considered to limit development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
Proliferation of the problem of orphan works across the world
Authors: Ahmed Bzhar Abdullah , Al‐Salihi Kameran Hussein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe article examines the problem of orphan works in general. Orphan works are copyrighted works whose owners are difficult or impossible to identify and/or locate after a diligent search has been conducted. The article introduces the nature of the problem and how it emerged. There are various reasons for the creation of the problem of orphan works and the authors undertake a qualitative approach to a thorough investigation that reveals that orphan works have become a significant challenge. The authors also reveal the legal and technological factors behind the creation of the problem and suggest ways to prevent its recurrence in the future. It is understood that orphan works undermine the goal of copyright law because one of the objectives of providing authors with copyright protection is that the public should, in return, be able to access the protected work and take benefit from it; however, the problem of orphan works deprives the public of a means of accessing these works.
Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Aspergillus nidulans complex obtained from clinical and environmental sources
Authors: Tavakoli Mahin , Rivero‐Menendez Olga , Abastabar Mahdi , Hedayati Mohammad T. , Sabino Raquel , Siopi Maria , Zarrinfar Hossein , Nouripour‐Sisakht Sadegh , van der Lee Henrich , Valadan Reza , Meletiadis Joseph , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Alastruey‐Izquierdo Ana 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus nidulans species complex has not been well studied. To evaluate the genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility patterns of clinical and environmental isolates of A. nidulans complex. Sixty clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus section Nidulantes were collected from five countries (Iran, The Netherlands, Spain, Portugal and Greece). The species were molecularly identified by sequencing of β‐tubulin gene. The genetic diversity of A nidulans complex isolates (n = 54) was determined with a microsatellite genotyping assay. Antifungal susceptibility profile was determined using EUCAST method. The isolates were classified as A nidulans (46.7%), A spinulosporus (26.6%), A quadrilineatus (10%), A pachycristatus (3.3%), A rugulosus (3.3%), A unguis (5%), A creber, (1.7%), A olivicola (1.7%) and A sydowii (1.7%). Thirty‐four sequence types (STs) were identified among the 54 A nidulans complex isolates. A high level of genetic diversity was found among A nidulans sensu stricto strains but low diversity was found among A spinulosporus strains. Amphotericin B showed high MICs to all species. The most active azole was posaconazole (GM = 0.64 mg/L), while itraconazole showed the highest MICs among azoles (GM = 2.95 mg/L). A spinulosporus showed higher MICs than A nidulans sensu stricto for all antifungals except for micafungin and anidulafungin. Interspecies variations may result in differences in antifungal susceptibility patterns and challenge antifungal therapy in infections caused by A nidulans. Differences in the distribution of STs or persistence of multiple STs might be related to the sources of isolation and niche specialisation.
Training needs analysis of Korean nurses' neurological assessment competency
Authors: Bae Ki Sook , Roh Young Sook 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the importance of neurological assessment, there is a lack of research directed at nurses' competency in performing these assessments. We aimed to identify nurses' competency levels in performing neurological assessments and prioritize their related training needs using importance–performance analysis. This survey research was conducted and reported based on the enhancing the quality and transparency of health research (EQUATOR) guidelines. A total of 213 nurses participated in a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey study. Exploratory factor analysis identified seven factors that together accounted for 70.34% of the variance: cerebral function, signs and symptoms, pathologic reflexes, motor strength, assessment of an unconscious patient, reporting and documentation, and neurological assessment scales. [Correction added on 10 February 2020, after first online publication: the value of the variance has been corrected from ‘7.34%’ to ‘70.34%’ in the preceding sentence.] There were significant gaps between importance and performance for all seven factors. The importance–performance matrix identified the neurological assessment scales factor as a high priority for continuing education. Emergency department nurses reported lower neurological assessment competency when compared with ward and intensive care unit nurses. The analysis of training needs is beneficial for developing programs to enhance neurological assessment competency. Training in neurological assessment scales is a priority for nurses, and they prefer simulation‐ and practicum‐based methods.
Albert Mieczysław Krąpiec’s theory of the person for professional nursing practice
Authors: Ferdynus Marcin Paweł 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article presents the works of great Polish philosopher, Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec, whose creative output can be applied to professional nursing practice. Krąpiec's philosophical heritage is extensive and encompasses many philosophical fields: metaphysics, philosophical anthropology, philosophy of law, philosophy of culture, philosophy of politics and philosophy of language. Krąpiec created an original philosophical synthesis characterized by a realistic approach. In this paper, I present only one of several original philosophical concepts developed by Krąpiec: the theory of the person based on seven essential characteristics, that is the ability for cognition, love, freedom, religion, legal subjectivity, completeness and dignity. I attempt to show how these personal characteristics correspond to various patient needs. I argue that the qualitative deficit of any personal characteristics indicated by Krąpiec corresponds to a patient's real need that must be satisfied. I also stress that the skilful diagnosing of all—not only selected—qualitative deficits of characteristics can be defined as holistic care in the nursing profession.
Hydrogel screening approaches for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration
Authors: Benmassaoud Mohammed M. , Gultian Kirstene A. , DiCerbo Matthew , Vega Sebastián L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone and cartilage presents stem cells with a dynamic and complex array of biochemical and biomechanical signals that regulate proliferation and differentiation into bone and cartilage tissue−producing cells. Due to the multitude of signals present in this ECM, it is challenging to develop biomaterials that accurately recapitulate bone and cartilage tissues, thereby limiting the ability to present cells with multiple factors for enhanced biomaterial‐induced osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Conventional techniques to evaluate stem cell responses to engineered materials are laborious and time‐consuming, and high‐throughput screening techniques can address these limitations. Our review overviews developmental environments and signals present in bone and cartilage ECM, with a focus on applying hydrogel‐based screening approaches to identify biomaterial environments that promote stem cell−mediated bone and cartilage tissue regeneration.
Gastric content assessed with gastric ultrasound in paediatric patients prescribed a light breakfast prior to general anaesthesia: A prospective observational study
Authors: Andersson Hanna , Frykholm Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA light breakfast has been found to empty from the stomach within 4 hours in healthy volunteers.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether a light breakfast of yoghurt or gruel empties from the stomach within 4 hours, in children scheduled for general anaesthesia.MethodIn this observational cohort study, children aged 1‐6 years scheduled for elective general anaesthesia were prescribed free intake of yoghurt or gruel 4 hours prior to induction. They were subsequently examined with gastric ultrasound within 4 hours of ingestion. In case of gastric contents, the gastric antral area was measured, and gastric content volume (GCV) was calculated.ResultsTwenty children were included in the study and the ingested amount of gruel or yoghurt ranged 2.5‐25 mL kg−1. In 15 cases, the stomach was empty with juxtaposed walls and no further measurements were made. In four cases, there was fluid present in the stomach, but the calculated gastric contents were <0.5 mL kg−1. One patient had solids in the stomach, and GCV in this patient was calculated to 2.1 mL kg−1. The patient with solids present had ingested 25 mL kg−1 of gruel 4 hours prior to assessment. The planned procedure was therefore delayed 1 hour. There were no cases of pulmonary aspiration or vomiting.ConclusionA light breakfast 4 hours prior to induction may be considered, but there is need for further studies on safe limits for the volume ingested.