bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 3D-printing metasurface-augmented half-circle Maxwell fisheye lens for millimetre-wave analogue beamforming
Authors: Alali Bader , Zelenchuk Dmitry , Ali Babar Abbasi Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article presents a 2D metasurface-augmented half-circle Maxwell fisheye lens (HMFL) designed to move its focal axis to a targeted direction with a maximum elevation angle of 45∘, suitable for switchers and power division networks in the millimetre wave (mmWave) band. This metasurface-augmented beamformer enables consistent analogue performance across a bandwidth of 22–32 GHz. The proposed beamformer features a reflective metasurface consisting of

2
×
40

Phoenix unit cells and is integrated with a 10-dielectric zone HMFL in the diameter segment opposite the antenna source. A horn antenna feed is used for excitation in normal and oblique incidences of

ϕ
i

=
−

15
∘

and

ϕ
i

=
−

30
∘

. The designed lens prototype was fabricated with 3D-printing technology and printed metasurfaces for several particular cases of focal displacement. The measurements of the proposed HMFL beamformer are presented, demonstrating a close correlation between simulated and experimental results.
High thermoelectric performances of monolayer GeTe allotropes
Authors: Gong L J , Han Q Z , Yang J , Shi H L , Ren Y H , Zhao Y H , Yang H , Liu Q H , Jiang Z T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aiming at finding wide-temperature-zone thermoelectric (TE) materials, five kinds of monolayer GeTe allotropes including the newly designed γ-, δ-, and ɛ-GeTe monolayers and the usual α- and β-GeTe ones are constructed. By using the density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green’s function method, all their electronic properties and TE transport properties are comparatively investigated. It is found that the room-temperature figure of merit ZT of the γ-GeTe (ɛ-GeTe) along the armchair (zigzag) direction can amount to 4.5 (3.5), which is further increased to 7.15 (5.91) at 700 K. These ZT values are much higher than the other IV–VI compounds usually with ZT < 3, indicating that the armchair γ-GeTe and the zigzag ɛ-GeTe we designed here can be used as superior wide-temperature-zone and high-performance TE materials in the temperature range from 300 K to 700 K. Moreover, with the increase of temperature, the ZT peaks will become wider in width and move towards the position of zero chemical potential, which will make the GeTe-based TE devices work at low bias voltages more efficiently. This work should be an important reference on the way to the stage of

Z
T
⩾
4

, which will motivate more explorations into the high-performance TE materials working in a wider temperature scope.
Synergistic effect of molybdenum dioxide wrapped nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes in binder-free anodes for enhanced lithium storage properties
Authors: Zhang Hui , Tan Zhi , Xia Yuwei , Wang Chao , Pang Haili , Bai Xiaoxia , Liu Hao , Khosla Ajit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) is regarded as a potential anode for lithium-ion batteries due to its highly theoretical specific capacity. However, its further application in lithium-ion battery is largely limited by insufficient practical discharge capacity and cyclic performance. Here, MoO2 nanoparticles are in-situ grown on three-dimensional nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) on nickel foam substrate homogeneously using a simple electro-deposition method. The unique structural features are favorable for lithium ions insertion and extraction and charge transfer dynamics at electrode/electrolyte interface. As a proof of concept, the as-synthesized nanocomposites have been employed as anode for lithium-ion battery, exhibiting a reversible and significantly improved discharge capacity of ∼517 mA h g−1 at the current density of 150 mA g−1 as well as superior cycle and rate performance. The first-principle calculations based on density functional theory and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrate a reduced energy barrier of lithium ions diffusion, improved lithium storage behavior, reduced structure collapse, and significantly enhanced charge transfer kinetics in MoO2/NCNTs nanocomposites with respect to MoO2 powder. The excellent performance makes as-prepared MoO2/NCNTs nanocomposites promising binder-free anode for high performance lithium-ion batteries. This work also provides important theoretical insights for other state-of-the-art batteries design.
The role of volume averaging effects, beam hardening, and phantom scatter in dosimetry of grid therapy
Authors: Khan Ahtesham Ullah , Sengupta Bishwambhar , Das Indra J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Current reference dosimetry methods for spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) assume a negligible beam quality change, perturbation, or volume-averaging correction factor. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the impact of the grid collimators on the dosimetric characteristics of a 6 MV photon beam. A detector-specific correction factor,

k

Q

grid

,

Q

msr

f

grid

,

f

msr

, was proposed. Several dosimeters were evaluated for their ability to measure both reference dose and grid output factors (GOFs). Approach. A Monte Carlo model of a grid collimator was created to study the change in the depth dose characteristics with the grid collimator. The impact of the collimator on the percent depth dose (PDD), electron contamination, and average photon energy was investigated. The

k

Q

grid

,

Q

msr

f

grid

,

f

msr

correction factors were calculated for two reference-class micro ion chambers. The reference dose and GOFs were measured with a grid collimator using six ion chambers, two silicon diodes, and a diamond detector. Main results. The PDD in the presence of the grid was observed to be steeper compared to the open field. The average photon energy increased from 1.33 MeV to 1.74 MeV with the presence of the grid collimator. The dose contribution by scattered photons was significantly higher at deeper regions for the open field compared to the grid field. The

k

Q

grid

,

Q

msr

f

grid

,

f

msr

correction was calculated to be <0.5%. The reference dose for all detectors, except for the CC13 and CC04 chambers, was within 1% of each other. The CC13 under-responded up to 3.2% due to volume-averaging effects. The GOFs calculated for all detectors, except Razor and A16, were within 1% of each other. Significance. The phantom scatter dictates the change in the PDD with the presence of the grid. The micro ion chambers exhibit negligible

k

Q

grid

,

Q

msr

f

grid

,

f

msr

correction. All detectors, except the CC13 ion chamber, were found to be suitable for SFRT reference dosimetry.
Identification of mild cognitive impairment using multimodal 3D imaging data and graph convolutional networks
Authors: Liang Shengbin , Chen Tingting , Ma Jinfeng , Ren Shuanglong , Lu Xixi , Du Wencai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a precursor stage of dementia characterized by mild cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains, without meeting the criteria for dementia. MCI is considered a prodromal form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Early identification of MCI is crucial for both intervention and prevention of AD. To accurately identify MCI, a novel multimodal 3D imaging data integration graph convolutional network (GCN) model is designed in this paper. Approach. The proposed model utilizes 3D-VGGNet to extract three-dimensional features from multimodal imaging data (such as structural magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography), which are then fused into feature vectors as the node features of a population graph. Non-imaging features of participants are combined with the multimodal imaging data to construct a population sparse graph. Additionally, in order to optimize the connectivity of the graph, we employed the pairwise attribute estimation （PAE） method to compute the edge weights based on non-imaging data, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the graph structure. Subsequently, a population-based GCN integrates the structural and functional features of different modal images into the features of each participant for MCI classification. Main results. Experiments on the AD Neuroimaging Initiative demonstrated accuracies of 98.57%, 96.03%, and 96.83% for the normal controls (NC)-early MCI (EMCI), NC-late MCI (LMCI), and EMCI-LMCI classification tasks, respectively. The AUC, specificity, sensitivity, and F1-score are also superior to state-of-the-art models, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model. Furthermore, the proposed model is applied to the ABIDE dataset for autism diagnosis, achieving an accuracy of 91.43% and outperforming the state-of-the-art models, indicating excellent generalization capabilities of the proposed model. Significance. This study demonstrates the proposed model’s ability to integrate multimodal imaging data and its excellent ability to recognize MCI. This will help achieve early warning for AD and intelligent diagnosis of other brain neurodegenerative diseases.
Numerical study on wave attenuation via 1D fully kinetic electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Yan Yize , Du Fei , Tang Jingfeng , Yu Daren , Zhao Yinjian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electromagnetic wave-plasma interaction has drawn much attention recently due to numerous important technologies and applications, taking advantage of phenomena such as electromagnetic waves being reflected or absorbed in a plasma medium. The physics of wave-plasma interaction can be complicated, when non-uniform, non-equilibrium, or anisotropic plasmas are involved, in which numerical simulations can be used to fill the gaps between theoretical solutions and experimental measurements. Among many numerical methods, the particle-in-cell method, which can solve accurately both the electromagnetic fields and particle trajectories self-consistently, would be the best choice to study wave-plasma interaction problems as long as the computational cost can be accepted. However, the applications of particle-in-cell (PIC) on wave-plasma interaction remain rare, and the numerical effects of the PIC method on accurately evaluating the wave attenuation have not been studied in depth. In this paper, a number of numerical parameters and physical parameters are tested using a 1D electromagnetic PIC method plus Monte Carlo collision model. It is found that as long the as the basic PIC criterion is met, the PIC results can be trustable, and the numerical noise due to limited number of particles has a minor effect. The physical parameters of the EM wave frequency, amplitude, the plasma temperature, thickness, and collision type are studied, and their effects on the wave attenuation are presented. In addition, strategies on establishing simulation setup and evaluating the wave attenuation in terms of power or energy are discussed.
Additive manufactured 3D re-entrant auxetic structures for enhanced impact resistance
Authors: Nam Ryan , Nam Daniel , Naguib Hani E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study presents a novel exploration of the geometric parameters within a 3D re-entrant auxetic lattice structure, specifically focusing on their unique impact energy absorption properties, which were systematically evaluated through drop weight impactor testing. Each lattice configuration was additively manufactured using stereolithography, allowing for precise control over strut thickness (t), re-entrant angle (θ), and the aspect ratio (h/l) of unit cells during both low and high energy impact scenarios. This study found that the overall auxetic behavior is predominantly controlled by the aspect ratio of the cell ribs, while the modulus is governed by rib thickness. A finite element model was subsequently developed to simulate the experimental impact loading conditions and was used to examine a wider range of parameters that were not experimentally tested. The simulated dynamic test results displayed the deformation trends and changes to the Poisson’s ratio. Among the studied parameters, experimental results highlighted that a lattice structure with t = 1.6 mm, θ = 65°, and a h/l ratio = 1.8 exhibited the highest specific energy absorption (SEA) under uniaxial impact deformation with 5 Joules of impact energy. Conversely, when employing 20 Joules of impact energy revealed the greatest SEA at t = 1.0 mm, θ = 65°, and an h/l ratio of 2.2. The results demonstrate unique deformation mechanism of auxetic structures under impact loading and the capacity to adapt the 3D re-entrant lattice structure for applications requiring tailored impact energy absorption.
A quantum group signature scheme with reusable keys based on four-particle Cluster states
Authors: Tian Fuyao , Lu Dianjun , Wang Chengxiang , Renqian Suonan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the continuous development of quantum technology, researchers are constantly improving the research on quantum signatures. In the public-key cryptosystem, a quantum group signature scheme based on four-particle Cluster states is proposed. In this scheme, the four-particle Cluster states are used as quantum channels. The signer randomly generates his private key according to the public key generated by the group manager, and uses the private key to sign. The verifier uses the public key to verify the signature. The features of the scheme are as follows: the public key and private key can be reused, thus reducing the number of keys that need to be saved by the communication parties; The length of the message to be signed does not need to be the same as the length of the public and private keys, which increases the flexibility of the signature; The random sequence is used in the signature process to ensure the unpredictability of the key, thus improving the security of the scheme; The scheme has unforgeability and non-repudiation.
Bosonization and correlators of the one-dimensional Hubbard model
Authors: Ovchinnikov A A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a simple derivation of the Luttinger liquid relation for the one-dimensional Hubbard model, considering a finite U and in the

U
=
∞

limit. We describe a simple solution of the Hubbard model in the infinite repulsion limit and use it to calculate the correlators of the model in this limit in a simple and physical way using the bosonization technique. We then calculate the asymptotics of the correlators of the model at arbitrary U through a single parameter, which can be calculated from the Bethe Ansatz solution. Our derivation of the critical exponents is simple and allows one to express different physical operators of the Hubbard model through the charge and spin Bose fields in a direct and physically transparent way.
Closed-form solutions for Bernoulli and compound Poisson branching processes in random environments*
Authors: Kutsenko Anton A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For branching processes, the generating functions for the limit distributions of the so-called ratios of probabilities of rare events satisfy Schröder-type integral–functional equations. With the exception of a few special cases, the corresponding equations cannot be solved analytically. I found a large class of Poisson-type offspring distributions for which the Schröder-type functional equations can be solved analytically. Moreover, for the asymptotics of limit distributions, the power and constant factors can be written explicitly. As a bonus, Bernoulli branching processes in random environments are treated. The beauty of this example is that the explicit formula for the generating function is unknown. Nevertheless, the closed-form expressions for the power and constant factors in the asymptotic can be written with the help of some effective techniques. The asymptotic expansion also contains oscillatory terms absent in the Poisson case. It is shown that at power three in the Bernoulli binomial kernels, short-phase discrete oscillations turn into long-phase continuous ones.
High efficient bi-functional metasurface with linear polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission for terahertz region
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa , Nguyen Thi Minh , Nguyen Hong Quang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Polarization control is crucial in contemporary photonics, but achieving broad bandwidths and high efficiencies remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a wideband and high-efficiency metasurface designed for linear polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission (AT) in the terahertz region based on a three-layered chiral structure. By integrating a double-split ring resonator with a strip resonator, the proposed design can improve bandwidth and efficiency cross-polarization conversion and AT capabilities for a linearly polarized wave. The operating band for AT is 0.73–3.01 THz with an efficiency above 0.8, while the polarization conversion ratio exceeds 0.99 across the 0.56–3.94 THz range. The underlying physical mechanism behind wideband transmission polarization conversion is fully elucidated through theoretical analysis and the characterization of surface current distribution. The designed structure can be used in terahertz imaging, sensing, and communication.
Discovery of Multicomponent Materials
Authors: Cantor Brian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the events by which Cantor and his colleagues in the late 1970s and Yeh and his colleagues in the mid-1990s independently discovered and began to explore multicomponent high-entropy materials. It’s a personal account, a story, and written therefore, somewhat unusually for a textbook, in the first person. It covers: 1) the first discovery of multicomponent alloys; 2) the first recognition of the importance of high entropy in stabilising single-phase solid solutions rather than multiphase mixtures of compounds; 3) the first discovery of single-phase face-centred cubic (fcc) Cantor alloys and the subsequent discovery of single-phase body-centred cubic (bcc) Senkov alloys; 4) the first discovery of multicomponent intermetallic and then ceramic compounds; and 5) some brief biographical details of the scientists involved.
Structure of Multicomponent Materials
Authors: Cantor Brian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses several aspects of the structure of multicomponent high-entropy materials: the fundamental thermodynamics of single-phase and multiphase multicomponent materials; the atomic and electronic structure of multicomponent single-phase solid solutions; and defects such as vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries in multicomponent single-phase solid solutions, as well as their effect on fundamental properties such as atomic diffusion, twinning, plastic flow and recrystallisation. It concentrates on the available experimental evidence for the structure of the materials, supported where appropriate by the use of thermodynamic and atomistic computer modelling techniques.
Making Multicomponent Materials
Authors: Cantor Brian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multicomponent phase space is truly enormous, containing literally trillions upon trillions of different materials, almost all so far completely uninvestigated or even conceived. This discovery immediately raises the critical question of how best to chart such a vast range of possible new multicomponent materials with potentially exciting new and valuable properties. This chapter discusses two aspects of this problem; first it considers the different strategies that have been developed for trying to map parts of multicomponent phase space in a scientifically organised way, using methods such as multicomponent substitution, multicomponent Hume-Rothery rules, thermodynamic calculations, atomistic modelling, machine learning and high-throughput measurements; and second, it then describes some of the the manufacturing methods that are available and have been used for making multicomponent materials in a controlled and reliable way.
Properties of Multicomponent Materials
Authors: Cantor Brian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There are trillions of exciting new multicomponent high-entropy materials with wonderful new properties yet to be found. This chapter describes some of the properties and potential applications of multicomponent high-entropy materials that have begun to be investigated during the intensive research of the last decade or so. It does not cover in detail all the work that has been done, but instead concentrates on a few examples, on those properties and applications discovered so far that are particularly innovative and potentially valuable. In particular, it concentrates on: 1) the low- and high-temperature mechanical properties of multicomponent Cantor and Senkov alloys; 2) the mechanical and thermal properties of multicomponent hard-facing and thermal barrier coatings (TBCs); 3) the radiation, corrosion and wear resistance of multicomponent metallic and ceramic materials; and 4) the catalytic properties of multicomponent metallic and ceramic nanoparticles.
Special Series on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Performances in Five Asian Countries: Summary of Findings, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions
Authors: Fujii Daryl E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This special series of exploratory studies compared WAIS-IV performances in five Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, India, and Indonesia with the U.S. The studies examined cognitive profiles across age groups to develop hypotheses on how culture can impact cognition. This summary article integrates the findings from each study to determine similarities and differences across Asian countries and proposes possible underlying cultural factors impacting cognition.

Methods
In each study, raw scores corresponding to a subscale score of 10 were scored with U.S. norms across all age groups. Index scores were calculated with the adjusted scale scores. The impact of education on test performances was determined by correlating WAIS-IV scores with a ratio of educational attainment for each country with the U.S. for each age group. Findings from each country were then integrated to develop hypotheses on cultural factors that impacted cognitive profiles.

Results
East Asian countries (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan) demonstrated weaker Verbal Comprehension Index scores and stronger Processing Speed Index scores than the U.S. sample, although the latter was moderated by age. East Asian countries demonstrated stronger performances on Perceptual Reasoning versus Verbal Comprehension tests. East Asians and the Java subset of the Indonesian sample demonstrated a pattern of stronger performances in younger versus older cohorts which was significantly correlated with educational attainment.

Discussion
Cultural factors impacting cognition were proposed. Clinical implications of the findings were discussed and directions for future studies to examine the relationship between culture and cognition were recommended.