bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential thrombocythaemia with mutation inMPL: clinicopathological correlation and comparison withJAK2V617F-mutated andCALR-mutated genotypes
Authors: Alvarez-Larran Alberto , Martínez Daniel , Arenillas Leonor , Rubio Ariadna , Arellano-Rodrigo Eduardo , Hernández Boluda Juan Carlos , Papaleo Natalia , Caballero Gonzalo , Martínez Clara , Ferrer-Marín Francisca , Mata María Isabel , Pérez-Encinas Manuel , Durán María Antonia , Alonso José María , Carreño-Tarragona Gonzalo , Alonso Juan Manuel , Noya Soledad , Magro Elena , Pérez Raúl , López-Guerra Mónica , Pastor-Galán Irene , Cervantes Francisco , Besses Carlos , Colomo Luis , Rozman María 
Published: June 2018

AimTo characterise the clinical and histological features ofMPL-mutated essential thrombocythaemia (ET).Patients and methodsBone marrow biopsies of 175 patients with ET were centrally reviewed according to the 2016 WHO classification, including 42 cases withMPLmutation, 98JAK2V617F-mutated and 35CALR-mutated. Clinical and histological features were compared among the three genotypes included in the current 2016 WHO classification and among the different types ofMPLmutations.ResultsPatients withMPL-mutated ET were significantly older than those with the other genotypes. Haematological values at diagnosis were similar amongMPL-mutated andCALR-mutated ET, with both genotypes showing higher platelet counts and lower haemoglobin values than ET withJAK2V617F genotype. In the bone marrow, the median number of megakaryocytes was higher inMPLandCALRthan inJAK2V617F genotype (16, 19 and 14 megakaryocytes per ×20 power field, respectively, p=0.004). Histological features of prefibrotic myelofibrosis were rarely observed inMPLgenotype, whereas sinusoidal hyperplasia, dense clusters of megakaryocytes and reticulin fibrosis were more frequent inCALR-mutated ET, with 11% of such cases fulfilling WHO 2016 histological criteria of prefibrotic myelofibrosis. With a median follow-up of 3.5 years, no significant differences were seen among genotypes regarding survival, vascular complications or myelofibrotic transformation. There were no significant differences in the clinical data or in the histological characteristics depending on the type ofMPLmutation.ConclusionMPLandCALRET genotypes share clinical and histological characteristics. In contrast toCALRgenotype, features of prefibrotic myelofibrosis are uncommon inMPL-mutated ET.
Four decades of pulmonary tuberculosis in deceased South African miners: trends and determinants
Authors: Ndlovu Ntombizodwa , Musenge Eustasius , Park Sung Kyun , Girdler-Brown Brendan , Richards Guy , Murray Jill 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveWe investigated trends and determinants of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in deceased South African miners.MethodsStatutory autopsies are performed on miners for occupational lung disease compensation, irrespective of cause of death. Data were extracted from the PATHAUT (Pathology Automation System) autopsy database. PTB trends were analysed and explanatory variables (year of autopsy, age at death, gold employment duration, silicosis and HIV) were evaluated using binary logistic regression modelling. Analyses were stratified by population group because of racial differences in socioeconomic status, employment patterns and access to facilities for autopsies. The analyses were segmented to represent the pre-HIV (1975–1989), rapid HIV spread (1990–2004) and antiretroviral therapy (2005–2014) periods.ResultsThe proportions of men with PTB at autopsy increased from 4.62% in 1975 to 27.18% in 2014 in black miners, and from 2.07% to 5.19% in white miners, with peaks in 2007 (43.12% and 9.51%, respectively). The magnitude and significance of adjusted ORs of determinants differed by population group and calendar period. PTB was largely associated with silicosis, increasing gold employment duration and year of autopsy (a surrogate for unmeasured confounders, such as unknown HIV status and tuberculosis transmission).ConclusionsChanges in PTB time trends and determinants reflect the complex social and political environment in which mining occurs. Silica dust reduction remains a key intervention for tuberculosis reduction, together with tuberculosis and HIV treatment and management. The autopsy data provide reliable information to monitor progress towards the achievement of industry and national targets to reduce tuberculosis.
Oxygen availability and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in patients with peripheral artery disease: implications from in vivo and in vitro assessments
Authors: Hart Corey R. , Layec Gwenael , Trinity Joel D. , Le Fur Yann , Gifford Jayson R. , Clifton Heather L. , Richardson Russell S. 
Published: June 2018

Evidence suggests that the peak skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate ( Vmax) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) may be attenuated due to disease-related impairments in O2 supply. However, in vitro assessments suggest intrinsic deficits in mitochondrial respiration despite ample O2 availability. To address this conundrum, Doppler ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy, phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution respirometry were combined to assess convective O2 delivery, tissue oxygenation, Vmax, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity (complex I + II, state 3 respiration), respectively, in the gastrocnemius muscle of 10 patients with early stage PAD and 11 physical activity-matched healthy control (HC) subjects. All participants were studied in free-flow control conditions (FF) and with reactive hyperemia (RH) induced by a period of brief ischemia during the last 30 s of submaximal plantar flexion exercise. Patients with PAD repeated the FF and RH trials under hyperoxic conditions (FF + 100% O2 and RH + 100% O2). Compared with HC subjects, patients with PAD exhibited attenuated O2 delivery at the same absolute work rate and attenuated tissue reoxygenation and Vmax after relative intensity-matched exercise. Compared with the FF condition, only RH + 100% O2 significantly increased convective O2 delivery (~44%), tissue reoxygenation (~54%), and Vmax (~60%) in patients with PAD ( P < 0.05), such that Vmax was now not different from HC subjects. Furthermore, there was no evidence of an intrinsic mitochondrial deficit in PAD, as assessed in vitro with adequate O2. Thus, in combination, this comprehensive in vivo and in vitro investigation implicates O2 supply as the predominant factor limiting mitochondrial oxidative capacity in early stage PAD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently, there is little accord as to the role of O2 availability and mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with peripheral artery disease. This is the first study to comprehensively use both in vivo and in vitro approaches to document that the skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with early stage peripheral artery disease is predominantly a consequence of limited O2 supply and not the impact of an intrinsic mitochondrial defect in this pathology.
BMP7 Signaling in TGFBR2-Deficient Stromal Cells Provokes Epithelial Carcinogenesis
Authors: Eikesdal Hans Petter , Becker Lisa M. , Teng Yingqi , Kizu Akane , Carstens Julienne L. , Kanasaki Keizo , Sugimoto Hikaru , LeBleu Valerie S. , Kalluri Raghu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Deregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling is a common feature of many epithelial cancers. Deletion of TGFβ receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) in fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP1)-positive stromal cells induces squamous cell carcinoma in the murine forestomach, implicating fibroblast-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as the major driver of the epithelium carcinogenesis. Prior to cancer development, hyperproliferative FSP1+ fibroblasts lacking TGFBR2 accumulate in the forestomach, disrupting the regulatory signaling cross-talk with the forestomach epithelium. Here, concurrent loss in TGFBR2 and SMAD4 completely abrogates the development of forestomach cancer. Bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP7) was highly upregulated in forestomach cancer tissue, activating Smad1/5/8 signaling, cell proliferation, and HGF production in TGFBR2-deficient FSP1+ fibroblasts. This stimulation by BMP7 was lost in the combined TGFBR2 and SMAD4 double knockout fibroblasts, which included a profound decrease in HGF expression. Thus, Smad4-mediated signaling is required to initiate epithelial carcinogenesis subsequent to TGFBR2 deletion in FSP1+ fibroblasts.
Implications: These findings reveal a complex cross-talk between epithelial cells and the stroma, wherein Smad4 is required to elicit squamous cell carcinomas in the forestomach of mice with TGFBR2-deficient stromal cells. Mol Cancer Res; 16(10); 1568–78. ©2018 AACR.
Infective Endocarditis After Melody Valve Implantation in the Pulmonary Position: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abdelghani Mohammad , Nassif Martina , Blom Nico A. , Van Mourik Martijn S. , Straver Bart , Koolbergen David R. , Kluin Jolanda , Tijssen Jan G. , Mulder Barbara J. M. , Bouma Berto J. , de Winter Robbert J. 
Published: June 2018

Background

Infective endocarditis (
IE
) after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (
TPVI
) in dysfunctioning right ventricular outflow tract conduits has evoked growing concerns. We aimed to investigate the incidence and the natural history of
IE
after
TPVI
with the Melody valve through a systematic review of published data.

Methods and Results

PubMed,
EMBASE
, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for articles published until March 2017, reporting on
IE
after
TPVI
with the Melody valve. Nine studies (including 851 patients and 2060 patient‐years of follow‐up) were included in the analysis of the incidence of
IE
. The cumulative incidence of
IE
ranged from 3.2% to 25.0%, whereas the annualized incidence rate ranged from 1.3% to 9.1% per patient‐year. The median (interquartile range) time from
TPVI
to the onset of
IE
was 18.0 (9.0–30.4) months (range, 1.0–72.0 months). The most common findings were positive blood culture (93%), fever (89%), and new, significant, and/or progressive right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (79%); vegetations were detectable on echocardiography in only 34% of cases. Of 69 patients with
IE
after
TPVI
, 6 (8.7%) died and 35 (52%) underwent surgical and/or transcatheter reintervention. Death or reintervention was more common in patients with new/significant right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (69% versus 33%;
P
=0.042) and in patients with non‐streptococcal
IE
(73% versus 30%;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions

The incidence of
IE
after implantation of a Melody valve is significant, at least over the first 3 years after
TPVI
, and varies considerably between the studies. Although surgical/percutaneous reintervention is a common consequence, some patients can be managed medically, especially those with streptococcal infection and no right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
A Tale of Two Antiquities: A Fresh Evaluation of the Relationship between the Ancient Histories of T. Flavius Josephus and Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Authors: Cowan J. Andrew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough it was once widely held that Josephus’s historical work,Jewish Antiquities, is modelled after theRoman Antiquitiesof Dionysius of Halicarnassus, recent years have seen some reject this view and others develop the suggestion that Josephus treats Dionysius’s work as a foil. This article provides a fresh evaluation of this debate by giving careful attention to each of the areas that have played a significant role in the discussion. After examining the areas of the basic similarities highlighted by Henry St. John Thackeray, style, historiography, general content and themes, and apologetic arguments, the essay concludes that features of the works’ content and apologetic arguments provide the strongest evidence for a direct relationship, and that the specifics of these features support the view that Josephus modeled aspects of his work after that of Dionysius and also intended to imply the superiority of the Jewish tradition over that of Rome.
Using ancestral state reconstruction methods for onomasiological reconstruction in multilingual word lists
Authors: Jäger Gerhard , List Johann-Mattis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCurrent efforts in computational historical linguistics are predominantly concerned with phylogenetic inference. Methods for ancestral state reconstruction have only been applied sporadically. In contrast to phylogenetic algorithms, automatic reconstruction methods presuppose phylogenetic information in order to explain what has evolved when and where. Here we report a pilot study exploring how well automatic methods for ancestral state reconstruction perform in the task of onomasiological reconstruction in multilingual word lists, where algorithms are used to infer how the words evolved along a given phylogeny, and reconstruct which cognate classes were used to express a given meaning in the ancestral languages. Comparing three different methods, Maximum Parsimony, Minimal Lateral Networks, and Maximum Likelihood on three different test sets (Indo-European, Austronesian, Chinese) using binary and multi-state coding of the data as well as single and sampled phylogenies, we find that Maximum Likelihood largely outperforms the other methods. At the same time, however, the general performance was disappointingly low, ranging between 0.66 (Chinese) and 0.79 (Austronesian) for the F-Scores. A closer linguistic evaluation of the reconstructions proposed by the best method and the reconstructions given in the gold standards revealed that the majority of the cases where the algorithms failed can be attributed to problems of independent semantic shift (homoplasy), to morphological processes in lexical change, and to wrong reconstructions in the independently created test sets that we employed.
The effect of dictionary omissions on phylogenies computationally inferred from lexical data
Authors: Yanovich Igor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLexical datasets used for computational phylogenetic inference suffer a unique type of data error. Some words actually present in a language may be absent from the dataset at no fault of its curators: especially for lesser-studied languages, a word may be missing from all available sources such as dictionaries. It is thus important to be able to (i) check how robust one’s inferences are to dictionary omission errors, and (ii) incorporate the knowledge that such errors may be present into one’s inference. I introduce two simple techniques that work towards those goals, and study the possible effects of dictionary omission errors in two real-life case studies on the Lezgian and Uralic datasets from Kassian (2015) and Syrjänen et al. (2013), respectively. The effects of dictionary omission turn out to be moderate (Lezgian) to negligible (Uralic), and certainly far less significant than the possible effects of modeling choices, including priors, on the inferred phylogeny, as demonstrated in the Uralic case study. Assessing the possible effects of dictionary omissions is advisable, but severe problems are unlikely. Collecting significantly larger lexical datasets, in order to overcome sensitivity to priors, is likely more important than expending resources on verifying data against dictionary omissions.
On the Linearity of Local and Regional Temperature Changes from 1.5°C to 2°C of Global Warming
Authors: King Andrew D. , Knutti Reto , Uhe Peter , Mitchell Daniel M. , Lewis Sophie C. , Arblaster Julie M. , Freychet Nicolas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGiven the Paris Agreement it is imperative there is greater understanding of the consequences of limiting global warming to the target 1.5° and 2°C levels above preindustrial conditions. It is challenging to quantify changes across a small increment of global warming, so a pattern-scaling approach may be considered. Here we investigate the validity of such an approach by comprehensively examining how well local temperatures and warming trends in a 1.5°C world predict local temperatures at global warming of 2°C. Ensembles of transient coupled climate simulations from multiple models under different scenarios were compared and individual model responses were analyzed. For many places, the multimodel forced response of seasonal-average temperatures is approximately linear with global warming between 1.5° and 2°C. However, individual model results vary and large contributions from nonlinear changes in unforced variability or the forced response cannot be ruled out. In some regions, such as East Asia, models simulate substantially greater warming than is expected from linear scaling. Examining East Asia during boreal summer, we find that increased warming in the simulated 2°C world relative to scaling up from 1.5°C is related to reduced anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Our findings suggest that, where forcings other than those due to greenhouse gas emissions change, the warming experienced in a 1.5°C world is a poor predictor for local climate at 2°C of global warming. In addition to the analysis of the linearity in the forced climate change signal, we find that natural variability remains a substantial contribution to uncertainty at these low-warming targets.
Convective Variability Associated with the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in the South China Sea Region
Authors: Xu Weixin , Rutledge Steven A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the convective cloud population, precipitation microphysics, and lightning activity associated with the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) over the South China Sea (SCS) and surrounding landmasses. SCS rainfall shows a marked 30–60-day intraseasonal variability. This variability is less evident over land. The population of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and the stratiform rain fraction over the SCS, Philippines, and Indochina increase remarkably after the onset of BSISO. Convection over the SCS during inactive periods exhibits a trimodal population including shallow cumulus, congestus, and deep convection, mirroring the situation over tropical open oceans. The shallow mode is absent over land. Shallow cumulus clouds rapidly transition to congestus clouds over the SCS under active BSISO conditions. Over land, deep convection and lightning lead total rainfall and MCSs by 2–3 BSISO phases, whereas they are somewhat in phase over the SCS. Although convective instability over the SCS is larger during active periods compared to inactive periods, variability in convective intensity and precipitation microphysics is minimal, with active periods showing only higher frequency of moderate ice scattering and 30-dBZ heights extending to −10°C. Over the Philippines and Indochina, inactive phases exhibit substantially stronger ice scattering signatures, robust mixed-phase microphysics, and higher lightning flash rates, possibly due to greater convective instability and a stronger convective diurnal cycle. Total rainfall, convective environments, and convective structures over Borneo are all out of phase with that over the Philippines and Indochina, while southern China shows little BSISO variability on convective intensity and lightning frequency.
Assessment of Doppler Radar Radial Wind Observation Quality from Different Echo Sources for Assimilation during the Sydney 2014 Forecast Demonstration Project
Authors: Rennie Susan , Steinle Peter , Seed Alan , Curtis Mark , Xiao Yi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new quality control system, primarily using a naïve Bayesian classifier, has been developed to enable the assimilation of radial velocity observations from Doppler radar. The ultimate assessment of this system is the assimilation of observations in a pseudo-operational numerical weather prediction system during the Sydney 2014 Forecast Demonstration Project. A statistical analysis of the observations assimilated during this period provides an assessment of the data quality. This will influence how observations will be assimilated in the future, and what quality control and errors are applicable. This study compares observation-minus-background statistics for radial velocities from precipitation and insect echoes. The results show that with the applied level of quality control, these echo types have comparable biases. With the latest quality control, the clear air observations of wind are apparently of similar quality to those from precipitation and are therefore suitable for use in high-resolution NWP assimilation systems.
An Observational and Modeling Study of Mesoscale Air Masses with High Theta-E
Authors: Hanft Wolfgang , Houston Adam L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Typically, the cool side of an airmass boundary is stable to vertical motions due to its associated negative buoyancy. However, under certain conditions, the air on the cool side of the boundary can undergo a transition wherein it assumes an equivalent potential temperature and surface-based convective available potential energy that are higher than those of the air mass on the warm side of the boundary. The resultant air mass is herein referred to as a mesoscale air mass with high theta-e (MAHTE). Results are presented from an observational and mesoscale modeling study designed to examine MAHTE characteristics and the processes responsible for MAHTE formation and evolution. Observational analysis focuses on near-surface observations of an MAHTE in northwestern Kansas on 20 June 2016 collected with a Combined Mesonet and Tracker. The highest equivalent potential temperature is found to be 15–20 K higher than what was observed in the warm sector and located 2–5 km on the cool side of the boundary. This case was also modeled using WRF-ARW to examine the processes involved in MAHTE formation that could not be inferred through observations alone. Model analysis indicates that differential vertical advection of equivalent potential temperature across the boundary is important for simulated MAHTE formation. Specifically, deeper vertical mixing/advection in the warm sector reduces moisture (equivalent potential temperature), while vertical motion/mixing is suppressed on the cool side of the boundary, thereby allowing largely unmitigated insolation-driven increases in equivalent potential temperature. Model analysis also suggests that surface moisture fluxes were unimportant in simulated MAHTE formation.
Perceptual Thresholds for Vibration Transmitted to Road Cyclists
Authors: Ayachi Fouaz S. , Drouet Jean-Marc , Champoux Yvan , Guastavino Catherine 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: In this article, we seek to determine how sensitive road cyclists are to vertical vibration transmitted while riding a road bicycle and to propose metrics for the evaluation of dynamic comfort. Background: Road cyclists are exposed to random-type excitation due to road roughness. Vibration transmitted affects dynamic comfort. But how sensitive are cyclists to vibration level? What are the best metrics to measure the amount of vibration transmitted to cyclists? Previous studies used sinusoidal excitation with participants on rigid seats and measured acceleration. Methods: We use a psychophysical estimation of Just Noticeable Differences in Level (JNDL) for vertical vibration transmitted to cyclists on a road simulator. In Experiment 1, we estimate the JNDL for whole-body vibration using vertical excitation on both wheels simultaneously (20 male cyclists). In Experiment 2, we estimate the JNDL at two different points of contact by applying the same signal to only the hands or the buttocks (9 male cyclists). Results: The JNDLs are expressed in terms of acceleration and power transmitted to the cyclist. We compare the JNDLs expressed with these 2 metrics and measured at different points of contact. Conclusion: Using these two metrics and at all points of contact, vibration magnitude needs to be reduced by at least 15%, for the change to be detectable by road cyclists. Application: A road bicycle needs to transmit at least 15% less vibration for male cyclists to detect an improvement in dynamic comfort. Dynamic bicycle comfort can be measured in terms of a new metric: power transmitted to the cyclist.