bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Residential Greenness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Yeager Ray , Riggs Daniel W. , DeJarnett Natasha , Tollerud David J. , Wilson Jeffrey , Conklin Daniel J. , O'Toole Timothy E. , McCracken James , Lorkiewicz Pawel , Xie Zhengzhi , Zafar Nagma , Krishnasamy Sathya S. , Srivastava Sanjay , Finch Jordan , Keith Rachel J. , DeFilippis Andrew , Rai Shesh N. , Liu Gilbert , Bhatnagar Aruni 
Published: December 2018

Background
Exposure to green vegetation has been linked to positive health, but the pathophysiological processes affected by exposure to vegetation remain unclear. To study the relationship between greenness and cardiovascular disease, we examined the association between residential greenness and biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and disease risk in susceptible individuals.

Methods and Results

In this cross‐sectional study of 408 individuals recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic, we measured biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and risk in participant blood and urine. We estimated greenness from satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (
NDVI
) in zones with radii of 250 m and 1 km surrounding the participants’ residences. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between greenness and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. We adjusted for residential clustering, demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. In fully adjusted models, contemporaneous
NDVI
within 250 m of participant residence was inversely associated with urinary levels of epinephrine (−6.9%; 95% confidence interval, −11.5, −2.0/0.1
NDVI
) and F2‐isoprostane (−9.0%; 95% confidence interval, −15.1, −2.5/0.1
NDVI
). We found stronger associations between
NDVI
and urinary epinephrine in women, those not on β‐blockers, and those who had not previously experienced a myocardial infarction. Of the 15 subtypes of circulating angiogenic cells examined, 11 were inversely associated (8.0–15.6% decrease/0.1
NDVI
), whereas 2 were positively associated (37.6–45.8% increase/0.1
NDVI
) with contemporaneous
NDVI
.

Conclusions
Independent of age, sex, race, smoking status, neighborhood deprivation, statin use, and roadway exposure, residential greenness is associated with lower levels of sympathetic activation, reduced oxidative stress, and higher angiogenic capacity.
Temporal Trends in Utilization of Cardiac Therapies and Outcomes for Myocardial Infarction by Degree of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From the NCDR Chest Pain–MI Registry
Authors: Bagai Akshay , Lu Di , Lucas Joseph , Goyal Abhinav , Herzog Charles A. , Wang Tracy Y. , Goodman Shaun G. , Roe Matthew T. 
Published: December 2018

Background

We sought to determine temporal trends in use of evidence‐based therapies and clinical outcomes among myocardial infarction (
MI)
patients with chronic kidney disease (
CKD
).

Methods and Results

MI
patients from the NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry) Chest Pain–
MI
Registry between January 2007 and December 2015 were categorized into 3 groups by degree of
CKD
(end‐stage renal disease on dialysis,
CKD
[glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
] not requiring dialysis, and no
CKD
[glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
]). Logistic regression modeling was used to determine the association between calendar years (2014–2015 versus 2007–2008) and each outcome by degree of
CKD
. Among 325 396 patients with ST‐segment–elevation MI, 1.0% had end‐stage renal disease requiring dialysis, and 26.1% had
CKD
not requiring dialysis. Use of primary percutaneous coronary intervention increased over time regardless of the presence or degree of
CKD
(
P=
0.40 for interaction). In‐hospital mortality was temporally higher among patients with preserved renal function (odds ratio: 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.39;
P
<0.001) but not among patients with
CKD
(
P
=0.035 for interaction). Among 506 876 non–ST‐segment–elevation MI patients, 3.4% had end‐stage renal disease requiring dialysis, and 34.4% had
CKD
not requiring dialysis. P2Y
12
inhibitor use within 24 hours increased over time only among dialysis patients (
P
for interaction <0.001). Use of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention also increased, with the greatest increase among dialysis patients (
P
for interaction <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). In‐hospital mortality was lower, regardless of the presence or degree of
CKD
(
P
=0.64 for interaction).

Conclusions

Uptake of evidence‐based medical and invasive therapies has increased over the past decade among
MI
patients with
CKD
, particularly dialysis patients, with improvement of in‐hospital mortality observed among patients with non–ST‐segment–elevation MI, but not ST‐segment–elevation MI, and
CKD
.
The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part II: Interaction with the Midlatitude Flow, Downstream Impacts, and Implications for Predictability
Authors: Keller Julia H. , Grams Christian M. , Riemer Michael , Archambault Heather M. , Bosart Lance , Doyle James D. , Evans Jenni L. , Galarneau Thomas J. , Griffin Kyle , Harr Patrick A. , Kitabatake Naoko , McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Pantillon Florian , Quinting Julian F. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Ritchie Elizabeth A. , Torn Ryan D. , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones often has an important impact on the nature and predictability of the midlatitude flow. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the dynamical and physical processes that govern this impact and highlights the relationship of downstream development during ET to high-impact weather, with a focus on downstream regions. It updates a previous review from 2003 and identifies new and emerging challenges and future research needs. First, the mechanisms through which the transitioning cyclone impacts the midlatitude flow in its immediate vicinity are discussed. This “direct impact” manifests in the formation of a jet streak and the amplification of a ridge directly downstream of the cyclone. This initial flow modification triggers or amplifies a midlatitude Rossby wave packet, which disperses the impact of ET into downstream regions (downstream impact) and may contribute to the formation of high-impact weather. Details are provided concerning the impact of ET on forecast uncertainty in downstream regions and on the impact of observations on forecast skill. The sources and characteristics of the following key features and processes that may determine the manifestation of the impact of ET on the midlatitude flow are discussed: the upper-tropospheric divergent outflow, mainly associated with latent heat release in the troposphere below, and the phasing between the transitioning cyclone and the midlatitude wave pattern. Improving the representation of diabatic processes during ET in models and a climatological assessment of the ET’s impact on downstream high-impact weather are examples for future research directions.
Systematic Error Analysis and Calibration of 2-m Temperature for the NCEP GEFS Reforecast of the Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) Project
Authors: Guan Hong , Zhu Yuejian , Sinsky Eric , Li Wei , Zhou Xiaqiong , Hou Dingchen , Melhauser Christopher , Wobus Richard 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The National Centers for Environmental Prediction have generated an 18-yr (1999–2016) subseasonal (weeks 3 and 4) reforecast to support the Climate Prediction Center’s operational mission. To create this reforecast, the subseasonal experiment version of the GEFS was run every Wednesday, initialized at 0000 UTC with 11 members. The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) served as the initial analyses for 1999–2010 and 2011–16, respectively. The analysis of 2-m temperature error demonstrates that the model has a strong warm bias over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and North America (NA) during the warm season. During the boreal winter, the 2-m temperature errors over NA exhibit large interannual and intraseasonal variability. For NA and the NH, weeks 3 and 4 errors are mostly saturated, with initial conditions having a negligible impact. Week 2 errors (day 11) are ~88.6% and 86.6% of their saturated levels, respectively. The 1999–2015 reforecast biases were used to calibrate the 2-m temperature forecasts in 2016, which reduces (increases) the systematic error (forecast skill) for NA, the NH, the Southern Hemisphere, and the tropics, with a maximum benefit for NA during the warm season. Overall, analysis adjustment for the CFSR period makes bias characteristics more consistent with the GDAS period over the NH and tropics and substantially improves the corresponding forecast skill levels. The calibration of the forecast using week 2 bias provides similar skill to using weeks 3 and 4 bias, promising the feasibility of using week 2 bias to calibrate the weeks 3 and 4 forecast. Our results also demonstrate that 10-yr reforecasts are an optimal training period. This is particularly beneficial considering limited computing resources.
Autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor concentrations in cerebrospinal fluids are useful for the diagnosis of central nervous system invasion caused by haematological malignancies
Authors: Shimura Takuya , Kurano Makoto , Morita Yoshifumi , Yoshikawa Naoyuki , Nishikawa Masako , Igarashi Koji , Shimamoto Satoshi , Aoki Junken , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: December 2018

Background Invasion of the central nervous system by haematological malignancies is diagnosed by cytological analyses of cerebrospinal fluid or diagnostic imaging, while quantitative biomarkers for central nervous system invasion are not available and needed to be developed. Methods In this study, we measured the concentrations of autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor in cerebrospinal fluid and evaluated their usefulness as biomarkers for central nervous system invasion. Results We observed that both the autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were higher in subjects with central nervous system invasion than in those without, and the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were independent from the serum concentrations of these biomarkers. ROC analyses revealed that the soluble IL-2 receptor concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was a strong discriminator of central nervous system invasion in subjects with haematological malignancies, while the autotaxin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid also had a strong ability to discriminate central nervous system invasion when the subjects were limited to those with lymphoma. The combined measurement of autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor in cerebrospinal fluid improved the sensitivity without notably reducing the specificity for central nervous system invasion in subjects with lymphoma when central nervous system invasion was diagnosed in cases where either value was beyond the respective cut-off value. Conclusion These results suggest the possible usefulness of soluble IL-2 receptor and autotaxin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of central nervous system invasion.
A study of the description of exercise programs evaluated in randomized controlled trials involving people with fibromyalgia using different reporting tools, and validity of the tools related to pain relief
Authors: Jo Donguk , Del Bel Michael J , McEwen Daniel , O’Neil Jennifer , Mac Kiddie Olivia S , Álvarez-Gallardo Inmaculada C , Brosseau Lucie 
Published: December 2018

Rationale: Exercise programs for the management of fibromyalgia are well recognized as being effective. However, the incomplete descriptions of exercise programs make replication and implementation difficult. Also, existing reporting tools have not been validated in relation to pain relief as well as with each other. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the description of exercise programs in randomized control trials for the management of fibromyalgia using different assessment tools, and the correlations of each tool in relation to effectiveness of pain relief of fibromyalgia, and the correlations between each tool. Method/Results: Through a consensus made by two different pairs of reviewers and an arbitrator, the mean total scores for the exercise programs were reported: 10.61/19 for Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template; 4.17/12 for Template for Intervention Description and Replication; 7.05/12 for the Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise Training; and 2.50/4 (aerobic) and 2.36/5 (flexibility and resistance) for the 2016 American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. This demonstrates generally low reporting scores (less than 60% out of the total number of items were reported). Overall, low correlations (Cohen’s kappa value, ranging from −0.47 (poor) to 0.313 (fair)) were found between all tools and pain relief. Good to excellent correlations (0.680–0.908) among the reporting tools were shown. Conclusion: Incomplete descriptions of exercise programs were consistently shown among the randomized clinical trials assessed in this study. The overall weak correlations demonstrated that the reporting tools have the limited ability to determine whether exercise programs were or were not effective for pain relief among individuals with fibromyalgia.
Community-led and/or focused initiatives to support family carers within a palliative care context: An integrative review
Authors: Chung Anita , Collier Aileen , Gott Merryn 
Published: December 2018

Background: Public health approaches to palliative care prioritise community-focused initiatives to support people with palliative care needs and their families. The nature and extent of these initiatives have not previously been reported. Aim: To identify community-led and/or focused initiatives that have been developed to support family carers of people with palliative care needs and for which evaluation information is reported in the empirical literature. Design: An integrative study design was undertaken using systematic methods. Data sources: CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane, Sociological Abstracts, Proquest Social Science Database, and grey literature were searched using standardised search terms. Results: Two quantitative, two qualitative and two mixed method studies were identified ( n = 6). All community initiatives identified were professionally led, although three had consumer input. Most aimed to improve carer psychosocial well-being and all were reported to have been beneficial. Conclusions: This integrative review identified only six community-focused and evaluated initiatives supporting family carers in the international palliative care research literature. Further evaluation is needed. However, appropriate evaluation methods and reporting require further discussion and debate between all stakeholders. Service users and communities themselves must be central to this process.
Effect of amantadine on vegetative state after traumatic brain injury: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Tang CheukYing , Zhou Hongwei , Li Zhenlan 
Published: December 2018

Objective We assessed the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe residual brain function and responsiveness to amantadine in a patient in a vegetative state (VS) following traumatic brain injury. Method We observed cerebral cortex activation in a 52-year-old man in a VS, and in a healthy individual using fMRI during passive listening and motor-imagery tasks. The patient received oral amantadine for 3 months. fMRI was repeated after treatment. Results Activation around the left insular regions occurred during stimulation by a familiar voice, and activity in the left temporal and bi-occipital cortices occurred during stimulation by a familiar/unfamiliar voice. Activity in the bilateral frontal and parietal cortices occurred during the motor-imagination task. Brain cortex activation was reduced in the VS patient compared with the healthy volunteer. However, the patient responded to certain auditory stimuli and motor imagery, suggesting that he retained some intact auditory and motor cortical functions. fMRI scans after 3 months of treatment showed increased activation of brain areas corresponding to task instructions. Conclusion fMRI could be used to observe the effects of amantadine on brain function, and to aid the diagnosis and prognostic prediction in VS patients in terms of recovery and rehabilitation planning.
Effect of obturation technique with immediate and delayed post space preparation on apical voids and bond strength of apical gutta-percha
Authors: Long Weilin , Li Jing , Liu Yiwen , Jiang Hongwei 
Published: December 2018

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate and delayed post space preparation on the sealing ability of two root canal obturation techniques by using micro-computed tomography imaging and a push-out test. Methods The root canals of 40 human maxillary premolar teeth were instrumented and divided into four groups: (A) single cone (SC) followed by immediate post space preparation, (B) continuous wave of condensation (CWC) followed by immediate post space preparation, (C) SC followed by delayed post space preparation, and (D) CWC followed by delayed post space preparation. Micro-CT scans were performed for volumetric analysis of voids and filling materials in the apical 4-mm portion. A push-out test was performed, and failure modes (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) were assessed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance. Results No significant differences were observed among the four groups in terms of the percentage volume of voids of the apical 4 mm or the bond strength of apical gutta-percha. Conclusions The percentage volume of voids and bond strength of apical gutta-percha were similar and were not significantly influenced by the timing of post space preparation or the obturation technique.
Intensive Care Unit Capacity Strain and Outcomes of Critical Illness in a Resource-Limited Setting: A 2-Hospital Study in South Africa
Authors: Anesi George L. , Gabler Nicole B. , Allorto Nikki L. , Cairns Carel , Weissman Gary E. , Kohn Rachel , Halpern Scott D. , Wise Robert D. 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To measure the association of intensive care unit (ICU) capacity strain with processes of care and outcomes of critical illness in a resource-limited setting. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 5332 patients referred to the ICUs at 2 public hospitals in South Africa using the country’s first published multicenter electronic critical care database. We assessed the association between multiple ICU capacity strain metrics (ICU occupancy, turnover, census acuity, and referral burden) at different exposure time points (ICU referral, admission, and/or discharge) with clinical and process of care outcomes. The association of ICU capacity strain at the time of ICU admission with ICU length of stay (LOS), the primary outcome, was analyzed with a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. Secondary outcomes of ICU triage decision (with strain at ICU referral), ICU mortality (with strain at ICU admission), and ICU LOS (with strain at ICU discharge), were analyzed with linear and logistic multivariable regression. Results: No measure of ICU capacity strain at the time of ICU admission was associated with ICU LOS, the primary outcome. The ICU occupancy at the time of ICU admission was associated with increased odds of ICU mortality (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.11; P = .004), a secondary outcome, such that a 10% increase in ICU occupancy would be associated with a 7% increase in the odds of ICU mortality. Conclusions: In a resource-limited setting in South Africa, ICU capacity strain at the time of ICU admission was not associated with ICU LOS. In secondary analyses, higher ICU occupancy at the time of ICU admission, but not other measures of capacity strain, was associated with increased odds of ICU mortality.
Early Weight Gain in Infants With Cleft Lip and Palate Treated With and Without Nasoalveolar Molding: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Woods Shannon M. , Garfinkle Judah S. , Covell David A. , Wang Mansen , Busch Lauren S. , Doyle Larry M. 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To assess weight gain of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL ± P) treated with nasoalveolar molding (NAM). Design: Retrospective, case–control chart review. Setting: Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon. Patients, Participants: Infants with nonsyndromic CL ± P and noncleft controls. Interventions: Prior to primary lip surgery, NAM was either included (+NAM) or not included (−NAM) in the cleft treatment protocol. Main Outcome Measure(s): Weight gain and percentage weight gain relative to initial weight were compared among +NAM, −NAM, and control groups from birth to 7 months and from birth to 36 months. Results: Comparing +NAM and −NAM groups, no significant difference in weight or percentage weight gain was found in either time window. Compared to controls, from birth to 7 months, both CL ± P groups weighed less ( P < .001), while percentage weight gain was greater for the +NAM ( P < .001) and did not differ for −NAM. From birth to 36 months relative to controls, weight for +NAM showed no significant difference and −NAM weighed less ( P < .01), while percentage weight gain was greater for both CL ± P groups ( P < .001). Conclusions: Comparisons of CL ± P infants treated with and without NAM showed that with the NAM appliance, despite its added complexity, there was no adverse impact on weight gain. Comparisons to noncleft, control infants suggests that NAM treatment may have a beneficial impact on weight gain.
Clinical evaluation of the repeatability of ocular aberrometry obtained with a new pyramid wavefront sensor
Authors: Plaza-Puche Ana B , Salerno Liberdade C , Versaci Francesco , Romero Daniel , Alio Jorge L 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the intrasubject repeatability of the ocular aberrometry obtained with a new ocular pyramidal aberrometer technology in a sample of normal eyes. Methods: A total of 53 healthy eyes of 53 subjects with ages ranging from 18 to 45 years were included in this study. In all cases, three consecutive acquisitions were obtained. Intrasubject repeatability of the measurements with a pyramidal aberrometer was calculated. Intrasubject repeatability for 4.0- and 6.0-mm pupils was evaluated within the subject standard deviation (Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Low values of the Sw and intraclass correlation coefficient outcomes close to 1 were observed for the sphere and cylinder at 3.0-mm pupil size. Most low Sw and intraclass correlation coefficient values close to 1 were observed for total, low-order aberrations and higher-order aberrations root mean square and for each Zernike coefficient analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient ⩾0.798) at 4.0-mm pupil size, with more limited outcomes for the aberrometric coefficient of Z(4, 4) with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.683. For a 6.0 mm pupil diameter, low Sw and intraclass correlation coefficient values close to 1 were observed for all aberrometric parameters or Zernike coefficients analyzed (intraclass correlation coefficient ⩾0.850). Conclusion: The new pyramidal aberrometer Osiris provides repeatable and consistent measurements of ocular aberrometry measurements in normal eyes.