bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy‐Efficient Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia at Low Overpotential in Aqueous Electrolyte under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Dabin , Azofra Luis Miguel , Harb Moussab , Cavallo Luigi , Zhang Xinyi , Suryanto Bryan H. R. , MacFarlane Douglas R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Douglas R. MacFarlane at Monash University. The Cover picture depicts the electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia on Ru clusters supported on carbon. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201801632.
Grass invasion and drought interact to alter the diversity and structure of native plant communities
Authors: Fahey Catherine , Angelini Christine , Flory S. Luke 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the interactive effects of species invasions and climate change is essential for predicting future shifts in biodiversity. Because multiple stressors can interact in synergistic or antagonistic ways, it is notoriously difficult to anticipate their combined effects on species assemblages. However, some hypotheses predict that plant invasions will become increasingly problematic as climate change improves conditions for invaders or lowers the biotic resistance of native communities. In a 4‐yr field experiment, we quantified the individual and interactive effects of invasion by a globally problematic C4 grass, Imperata cylindrica, and chronic simulated drought imposed by rainout shelters on the whole plant communities of regenerating longleaf pine forest. Invasion both inhibited plant colonization and enhanced plot‐level extinctions, resulting in a severe (60%) loss of plant diversity across all functional groups, including perennial grasses and forbs, annual forbs, and woody species and dramatic shifts in community composition. Experimental drought reduced diversity by 20%, and caused a shift in the dominant functional groups, but had no significant effect on cover of the invader. The invader partially ameliorated water stress in the drought treatment such that invaded plots had higher soil moisture than uninvaded plots. Consequently, the combined effects of invasion and drought were lower than expected from an additive model of multiple stressors. These findings, which may have broader implications for how other C4 grass invaders will interact with drought to shift native community dynamics, challenge the perception that climate change will exacerbate invasions. In revealing that invasive species pose a major threat to the diversity and structure of native communities despite their moderating effects on abiotic stress, this work also highlights that management of aggressive invaders may be critical to preserving biodiversity regardless of future climate.
Decreased allergy incidence in children supplemented with E. coli O83:K24:H31 and its possible modes of action
Authors: Hrdý Jiří , Vlasáková Kateřina , Černý Viktor , Súkeníková Lenka , Novotná Olga , Petrásková Petra , Boráková Kristýna , Lodinová‐Žádníková Rája , Kolářová Libuše , Prokešová Ludmila 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe growing knowledge of the key role of microbiota in the maturation of neonatal immune system suggests that manipulation of microbiota could be exploited in hampering allergy development. In this study, Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83) was administered to newborns that were followed prospectively. Several immunological characteristics (cytokines, specific IgE, total T regulatory cells (Treg) and subpopulation of natural Treg (nTreg) and induced Treg (iTreg)) were tested in peripheral blood of 8‐year‐old children. Incidence of allergic disease was decreased in EcO83 supplemented children and significantly elevated levels of IL‐10 and IFN‐ɣ were detected in serum of EcO83 supplemented children. Probiotic supplementation did not influence the numbers of the total Treg population but their functional capacity (intracellular expression of IL‐10) was significantly increased in children supplemented with EcO83 in comparison to non‐supplemented children. Morover, decreased proportion of iTreg was present in peripheral blood of non‐supplemented in comparison to EcO83 supplemented children. Finally, stimulation of cord blood cells with EcO83 promoted both gene expression and secretion of IL‐10 and IFN‐ɣ suggesting that beneficial effect of EcO83 in prevention of allergy development could be mediated by promotion of regulatory responses (by IL‐10) and Th1 immune response (by IFN‐ɣ).
A companion to the preclinical common data elements for physiologic data in rodent epilepsy models. A report of the TASK3 Physiology Working Group of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force
Authors: Gorter Jan A. , van Vliet Erwin A. , Dedeurwaerdere Stefanie , Buchanan Gordon F. , Friedman Daniel , Borges Karin , Grabenstatter Heidi , Lukasiuk Katarzyna , Scharfman Helen E. , Nehlig Astrid 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force created the TASK3 working groups to create common data elements (CDEs) for various aspects of preclinical epilepsy research studies, which could help improve standardization of experimental designs. This article concerns the parameters that can be measured to assess the physiologic condition of the animals that are used to study rodent models of epilepsy. Here we discuss CDEs for physiologic parameters measured in adult rats and mice such as general health status, temperature, cardiac and respiratory function, and blood constituents. We provide detailed CDE tables and case report forms (CRFs), and with this companion manuscript we discuss the monitoring of different aspects of physiology of the animals. The CDEs, CRFs, and companion paper are available to all researchers, and their use will benefit the harmonization and comparability of translational preclinical epilepsy research. The ultimate hope is to facilitate the development of biomarkers and new treatments for epilepsy.
On the development of a magnetic susceptibility‐based tracer for aeolian sediment transport research
Authors: Ravi Sujith , Gonzales Howell B. , Buynevich Ilya V. , Li Junran , Sankey Joel B. , Dukes David , Wang Guan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAeolian processes – the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment by wind – play important geomorphological and ecological roles in drylands. These processes are known to impact the spatial patterns of soil, nutrients, plant‐available water, and vegetation in many dryland ecosystems. Tracers, such as rare earth elements and stable isotopes have been successfully used to quantify the transport and redistribution of sediment by aeolian processes in these ecosystems. However, many of the existing tracer techniques are labor‐intensive and cost‐prohibitive, and hence simpler alternative approaches are needed to track aeolian redistribution of sediments. To address this methodological gap, we test the applicability of a novel metal tracer‐based methodology for estimating post‐fire aeolian sediment redistribution, using spatio‐temporal measurements of low‐field magnetic susceptibility (MS). We applied magnetic metal tracers on soil microsites beneath shrub vegetation in recently burned and in control treatments in a heterogeneous landscape in the Chihuahuan desert (New Mexico, USA). Our results indicate a spatially homogeneous distribution of the magnetic tracers on the landscape after post‐burn wind erosion events. MS decreased after wind erosion events on the burned shrub microsites, indicating that these areas functioned as sediment sources following the wildfire, whereas they are known to be sediment sinks in the undisturbed (e.g. not recently burned) ecosystem. This experiment represents the first step toward the development of a cost‐effective and non‐destructive tracer‐based approach to estimate the transport and redistribution of sediment by aeolian processes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Talinum triangulare leaf flavonoid extract on streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycemia and associated complications in rats
Authors: Oluba Olarewaju M. , Adebiyi Feyikemi D. , Dada Ajibola A. , Ajayi Adeyinka A. , Adebisi Kayode E. , Josiah Sunday J. , Odutuga Adewale A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTalinum triangulare leaf flavonoid extract (TTFE) was evaluated for its effects on streptozotocin‐hyperglycemia and associated complications especially as it relates to dyslipidemia, lipid peroxidation, and renal dysfunction in rats. Two normoglycemic rat groups designated: control (administered distilled water) and control + TTFE (administered 10 mg/kg b.w. TTFE) and two streptozotocin‐induced (STZ) diabetic rat groups designated: STZ‐control (administered distilled water) and STZ + TTFE (administered 10 mg/kg TTFE). The treatment was given orally once daily for 21 consecutive days. Body weight and insulin concentration showed significant improvement while blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine, and total bilirubin concentrations were significantly reduced in diabetic rats administered TTFE compared to diabetic untreated rats. Furthermore, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, and malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly lowered in diabetic rats administered TTFE compared with diabetic untreated rats. Key enzymes involved in carbohydrate breakdown and cholesterol synthesis, α‐amylase and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase, respectively, were significantly inhibited in TTFE‐treated diabetic rats compared to diabetic control. Results presented in this study suggest that administration of TTFE for 21 days normalized STZ‐induced hyperglycemia and its associated dyslipidemia by a mechanism involving inhibition of α‐amylase and HMG‐CoA reductase activities, respectively, in rats.
Drying alters the phenolic constituents, antioxidant properties, α‐amylase, and α‐glucosidase inhibitory properties of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf
Authors: Ademiluyi Adedayo O. , Aladeselu Olubukola H. , Oboh Ganiyu , Boligon Aline A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMoringa oleifera leaf is a popular green leafy vegetable which has found its usefulness in the preparation of traditional stews and soups. Like most green leafy vegetable which are not around year‐round, the leaf is usually dried and pulverized for storage and easier handling, and despite the popularity of this processing technique, there is dearth of information on how drying affects the health‐promoting properties of the leaves. Hence, this study sought to investigate the effect of some drying methods (freeze‐drying, sun, air and oven drying) on the phytoconstituents, antioxidant properties, and biological activities of moringa leaf. This study revealed that drying methods significantly altered the phytoconstituents (phenolics, flavonoids, vitamin C, tannin, saponin, phytate, oxalate, alkaloid, cardenolides, and cardiac glycosides), antioxidant capacities (reducing power, Fe2+chelating, ABTS•+, DPPH, and •OH scavenging abilities), and enzyme inhibitory (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase) effects of the leaf, with freeze‐drying being the most promising method for preserving the nutraceutical properties of moringa leaf. However, for practical application, the order of preference of the drying methods which ensures adequate retention of phytoconstituents and possibly biological activities of the leaf as observed in this study is freeze‐drying > air drying > sun drying > oven drying, in the order of decreasing magnitude.
Evaluation of secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, and color parameters of Nepali wines
Authors: Pandeya Ankit , Rayamajhi Sagar , Pokhrel Pravin , Giri Basant 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the quality of wines produced in Nepal in terms of phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin and tannin content, antioxidant capacity, and color parameters using spectrophotometric methods. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant activities in Nepali wines ranged from 85.5 to 960.0 (mean = 360.5 ± 268.7) mg/L GAE, 40.9–551.3 (mean = 188.9 ± 161.5) mg/L QE, and 66.6–905.0 (mean = 332.8 ± 296.5) mg/L AAE, respectively. These parameters were significantly higher in red wines compared to white wines. The phenolic and flavonoid content showed strong correlation with each other as well as with antioxidant activities. Additional parameters measured included various color parameters and carbohydrates. The wine color showed strong correlation with phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity, whereas this correlation was not significant with anthocyanin content. Multivariate analysis was carried out to better describe and discriminate the wine samples. Finally, we compared Nepali wines with wines from other countries.
Egg white hydrolysate improves fatigue due to short‐term swimming load test in mice
Authors: Matsuoka Ryosuke , Kimura Mamoru , Uno Shinya , Shidara Hiroyuki , Kunou Masaaki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe studied the effect of egg white hydrolysate (EWH) on swimming endurance in mice. 7‐week‐old male ddY mice (28–30 g) were divided into three groups and fed an AIN‐93G diet supplemented with casein (n = 8), EWH (n = 7), or egg white protein (EWP, n = 8) for 14 days. From day 11, the mice underwent a swimming test daily with a weight load equivalent to 10% of their body weight, and the lengths of time they swam were recorded. Blood was sampled for testing on the last day of the study. We observed that increases in the swimming duration through day 14 were significantly greater in the EWH group than in the casein group (p = 0.049). As a factor underlying this, the hexanoyl‐lysine level in blood was confirmed to be decreased in the former group (p = 0.013). These findings indicate that consumption of EWH extended the swimming duration and suggest the mechanistic involvement of an antifatigue effect mediated by its antioxidant activity.
Physicochemical properties of malted finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: Owheruo Joseph O. , Ifesan Beatrice O. T. , Kolawole Ayodele O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGerminated and raw finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) were investigated for their physicochemical (pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), proximate, mineral analysis), phytochemical, and antioxidant properties. The results showed that there were decreases in pH (8.50–7.60) with a corresponding increase in TTA (0.0038–0.18 g/L) during germination of the millets. Proximate composition of the millets revealed slight increases in protein (7.61%–7.81%; 10.57%–11.87%) and crude fiber (5.54%–8.81%; 1.07%–2.55%) with reductions in fat (3.84%–2.73%; 7.69%–2.30%) after germination for finger and pearl millet, respectively. The millets were found to be rich sources of minerals, which include magnesium (1,028.42–1,763.50 ppm), calcium (36.42–4,158.40 ppm), sodium (150.00–510.00 ppm), potassium (470.00–4,500 ppm), zinc (20.00–40.00 ppm), and iron (66.00–121.00 ppm) which either decreased or increased with germination. The results of the phytochemical composition revealed that during germination, alkaloid (36.03–74.53 mg/g) and saponin (4.46–31.91 mg/g) contents were found to increase while there were reductions in tannin (0.88–1.64 mg/g) and phytate (7.00–17.72 mg/g) content of the flour. For finger millet, DPPH ranged from 70.00% to 72.14% and pearl millet (49.95%–64.01%), while for FRAP, pearl millet (53.69–53.76 mg/g) demonstrated better activity compared to finger millet (46.91–53.54 mg/g). Findings from this work may suggest that further studies should be carried out on germinated finger and pearl millets to examine their abilities to serve as functional foods.
Array‐based CGH of primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive EPIDERMO‐tropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Fanoni Daniele , Corti Laura , Alberti‐Violetti Silvia , Tensen Cornelis P. , Venegoni Luigia , Vermeer Maarten , Willemze Rein , Berti Emilio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrimary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma (pcAECyTCL) is a rare provisionally categorized cutaneous lymphoma characterized by an aggressive course. Its pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms are still unknown, and only two individual cases have so far been molecularly characterized. The aim of this study was to define the pattern of numerical chromosomal alterations in tumor samples taken from 20 patients with pcAECyTCL at the time of diagnosis by means of array‐comparative genomic hybridization (a‐CGH). a‐CGH detected numerous genomic aberrations in all the patients and, putting these together as a whole, they affected all the chromosomes. However, no specific profile of recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) was found. Most of the gains involved regions previously described in other aggressive cutaneous lymphomas such as 7q, 8q24.3, and 17q, whereas the most significant CNA was the loss of 9p21.3 (CDKN2A–CDKN2B), which has already been found in a variety of malignant tumors and is associated with aggressive cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. In brief, CGH analysis revealed a large number of CNAs with only few recurring regions that probably do not represent driving events. The genomic instability found in this aggressive variant of cutaneous lymphoma may therefore be a secondary event but, at the time of the diagnosis of pcAECyTCL, the genomic integrity of tumor cells is already compromised.
Polycomb repression regulates Schwann cell proliferation and axon regeneration after nerve injury
Authors: Ma Ki H. , Duong Phu , Moran John J. , Junaidi Nabil , Svaren John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe transition of differentiated Schwann cells to support of nerve repair after injury is accompanied by remodeling of the Schwann cell epigenome. The EED‐containing polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes histone H3K27 methylation and represses key nerve repair genes such asShh,Gdnf, andBdnf, and their activation is accompanied by loss of H3K27 methylation. Analysis of nerve injury in mice with a Schwann cell‐specific loss of EED showed the reversal of polycomb repression is required and a rate limiting step in the increased transcription ofNeuregulin 1(type I), which is required for efficient remyelination. However, mouse nerves with EED‐deficient Schwann cells display slow axonal regeneration with significantly low expression of axon guidance genes, includingSema4fandCntf.Finally, EED loss causes impaired Schwann cell proliferation after injury with significant induction of theCdkn2acell cycle inhibitor gene. Interestingly, PRC2 subunits andCDKN2Aare commonly co‐mutated in the transition from benign neurofibromas to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST's). RNA‐seq analysis of EED‐deficient mice identified PRC2‐regulated molecular pathways that may contribute to the transition to malignancy in neurofibromatosis.
Overexpression of P2X4 receptor in Schwann cells promotes motor and sensory functional recovery and remyelination via BDNF secretion after nerve injury
Authors: Su Wen‐Feng , Wu Fan , Jin Zi‐Han , Gu Yun , Chen Ying‐Ting , Fei Ying , Chen Hui , Wang Ya‐Xian , Xing Ling‐Yan , Zhao Ya‐Yu , Yuan Ying , Tang Xin , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOf the seven P2X receptor subtypes, P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) is widely distributed in the central nervous system, including in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Accumulating evidence supports roles for P2X4R in the central nervous system, including regulating cell excitability, synaptic transmission, and neuropathic pain. However, little information is available about the distribution and function of P2X4R in the peripheral nervous system. In this study, we find that P2X4R is mainly localized in the lysosomes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. In cultured Schwann cells, TNF‐a not only enhances the synthesis of P2X4R protein but also promotes P2X4R trafficking to the surface of Schwann cells. TNF‐a‐induced BDNF secretion in Schwann cells is P2X4R dependent. in vivo experiments reveal that expression of P2X4R in Schwann cells of injured nerves is strikingly upregulated following nerve crush injury. Moreover, overexpression of P2X4R in Schwann cells by genetic manipulation promotes motor and sensory functional recovery and accelerates nerve remyelination via BDNF release following nerve injury. Our results suggest that enhancement of P2X4R expression in Schwann cells after nerve injury may be an effective approach to facilitate the regrowth and remyelination of injured nerves.
Illness perceptions as predictors of psychological distress among head and neck cancer survivors: a longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Na , Fielding Richard , Soong Inda , Chan Karen KK , Lee Conrad , Ng Alice , Sze Wing Kin , Tsang Janice , Lee Victor , Lam Wendy Wing Tak 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundLeventhal's commonsense model implies illness perceptions influence illness outcomes. This study examined illness perceptions among head and neck cancer survivors, and whether these predicted subsequent psychological distress.MethodsA total of 124 survivors of head and neck cancer (87% nasopharyngeal carcinoma; NPC) completed measures of psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), illness perceptions (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; B‐IPQ), dispositional optimism (revised Chinese version of the Life Orientation Test; C‐LOT‐R), and clinical and demographic data approximately12.9 months after diagnosis (T1). Six months later (T2) psychological distress (HADS) was again measured. Adjusted multivariate analyses tested whether illness perceptions predicted T2 HADS scores.ResultsIllness perception dimensions were significantly intercorrelated (0.01‐0.68), explaining 8.0% of anxiety and 4.8% of depression symptom variability at T2. After adjustment for T1 distress, illness identity (β = 0.270, P < .01) and sex identification as a woman (β = 0.275, P < .01) predicted T2 anxiety symptoms while illness identity (β = 0.195, P < .05), unemployment (β = 0.195, P < .05), and pessimism (β = –0.227, P < .01) predicted T2 depression symptoms.ConclusionPerceived illness identity predicted psychological distress, accounting for modest levels of distress variance. Unresolved symptoms may exacerbate distress.
The practice of experimental studies in psychopharmacology: Top 10 tips from one centre's experience
Authors: Mazibuko Ndaba , Mehta Mitul A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveRecent efforts to optimise translation of basic research findings to successful clinical trials have led to a sharper focus on experimental medicine translational studies. This is coupled with a movement towards greater methodological integrity and openness. Although this can be achieved through preregistration and detailed reporting of study methodology, the reality of study application can often be lost.MethodsIn practice, challenges in study application can often lead to diminished scientific robustness, even in well‐designed studies. A detailed description of experiences is essential for learning and subsequent improvement. To this end, the authors undertook a description of the experience of a specialised psychopharmacology experimental study centre.ResultsThis centre's experiences reveal that even supposedly routine study elements, such as screening parameters, peri‐drug administration, and peri‐discharge procedures, can pose significant practical obstacles to the achievement of minimal protocol deviation.Ultimately, these factors impact on academic standards such as enhanced data reliability; but they have additional implications for participant clinical safety and well‐being, for instance in relation to adverse event and incidental finding recording.ConclusionsThe facilitation of a scientific culture that is more transparent even at the operational level will hopefully augment translational process and probability of success.