bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Distress Tolerance Mediates the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Constructs in a U.S. Military Sample
Authors: Martin Rachel L. , Bauer Brian W. , Ramsey Kathleen L. , Green Bradley A. , Capron Daniel W. , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesDespite the general suicide rate within the military being comparable to the general population when comparing peers, there are certain branches of the military that have elevated risk. Specifically, the U.S. National Guard has suicide rates that are constantly higher than other military branches and civilian peers. The National Guard are a unique military population in which they frequently transition between military and civilian life. With these unique experiences and heightened risk, military suicide prevention efforts may benefit from further research within this population. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is another concern amongst military personnel and has been linked to suicidal behavior.MethodsThe current study examined the indirect effects that distress tolerance, a protective factor against suicide, has on the relationship between PTSD and constructs within a well‐validated theory for suicide (the Interpersonal‐Psychological Theory for suicidal behaviors) in a sample of U.S. Army National Guard personnel.ResultsResults indicated that distress tolerance had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between PTSD and thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with previous literature examining the relationship between distress tolerance and our outcome variables. These results could have important clinical implications, mainly that intervention strategies targeting distress tolerance could have significant impacts on suicide‐relate thoughts.
Motivating empathy: Three methodological recommendations for mapping empathy
Authors: Cameron C. Daryl 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmpathy has received much attention in psychology, philosophy, and neuroscience. In this article, I first discuss a motivated emotion regulation approach to empathy, outlining some recent advances in motivated empathy. I then discuss how this approach can advance three questions about empathy: (1) How should we assess the boundaries between empathy and other states? (2) How should we assess empathic ability and empathic propensity? and (3) How should we assess automatic and controlled propensities to empathize? In each case, I suggest that the motivated emotion regulation approach can suggest methodological innovations to reframe these questions and outline recommendations for advancing the science of empathy.
Neural mechanisms underlying interpersonal coordination: A review of hyperscanning research
Authors: Mu Yan , Cerritos Cindy , Khan Fatima 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe ability to coordinate our behaviors with those of others is crucial for our success as individuals and groups. There are many forms of interpersonal coordination where a group of individuals need to coordinate their attention, actions, minds, or speech to achieve a mutual goal. In the present paper, we review previous hyperscanning research on the neural mechanisms underlying a variety of interpersonal coordination. Then we highlight how social and cultural factors modulate the interbrain mechanisms of interpersonal coordination. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of exciting future directions that await investigation from a cultural neuroscience perspective.
Discharge summary training curriculum: a novel approach to training medical students how to write effective discharge summaries
Authors: Ming David , Zietlow Kahli , Song Yao , Lee Hui‐Jie , Clay Alison 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundResident physicians at teaching hospitals write many discharge summaries (DCSs), but receive little formal training or feedback. Poor DCS quality poses a potential patient safety risk.MethodsWe developed a curriculum to train fourth‐year medical students (MS4s) how to write DCSs and integrated this curriculum into a transition‐to‐residency course. An inpatient attending physician (IPA) and non‐inpatient physician (coach) used structured tools to assess for the presence of key elements within the DCS, evaluate the overall quality of the DCS, and judge the student's progression towards entrustable professional activities and transitional year milestones. We identified overall areas of weakness and correlated scores between IPAs and coaches. Improvements in student knowledge and DCS writing confidence were determined using pre‐ and post‐curriculum surveys.ResultsOf 102 eligible students, 78 completed the assignment, 61 wrote a new DCS and 17 reviewed previously written DCSs. Patient condition at discharge was missing in more than 20.0% of DCSs. Coaches were less likely than IPAs to assess students as entrustable (58.3% versus 95.8%; p = 0.0027). IPAs assigned higher overall quality ratings than coaches (8.0 versus 6.0 out of 10.0, p< 0.0001). Post‐intervention, 82.2% of students reported they learned how to write high‐quality DCSs and 93.3% of students reported they would change the way they write DCSs.ConclusionsGraduating medical students have limited skill and comfort in writing DCSs. Structured training on how to write DCSs before postgraduate residency training is a key step towards ultimately improving transitions of care. Training should teach learners to write high‐quality DCSs that serve the needs of both inpatient and outpatient providers.Resident physicians at teaching hospitals are expected to independently author [discharge summaries] DCSs, yet few receive formal training
Interleukin‐33 encourages scar formation in murine fetal skin wounds
Authors: Wulff Brian C. , Pappa Nicholas K. , Wilgus Traci A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe magnitude of the inflammatory response after skin injury is important for determining whether wounds in developing fetal skin will heal scarlessly (minimal inflammation) or with prominent scars (robust inflammation). One class of inflammatory mediators gaining attention for their role in wound inflammation is alarmins. In the current study, the alarmin interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) was examined in a mouse model of fetal wound healing. IL‐33 expression was elevated in scar‐forming embryonic day 18 wounds compared to scarless embryonic day 15 wounds. Furthermore, injection of IL‐33 into embryonic day 15 wounds caused scarring when wounds were analyzed at 7 days postwounding. The introduction of IL‐33 into embryonic day 15 wounds did not induce statistically significant changes in the number of neutrophils, mast cells, or macrophages in vivo. However, IL‐33 treatment enhanced collagen expression in cultured fibroblasts derived from adult and fetal murine skin, suggesting that IL‐33 may directly stimulate fibroblasts. In vitro studies suggested that the stimulation of collagen production by IL‐33 in fibroblasts was partially dependent on NF‐κB activation. Overall, the data suggest an association between IL‐33 and scar formation in fetal wounds.
Determining the effect of low-dose isotretinoin on proliferative vitreoretinopathy: the DELIVER trial
Authors: London Nikolas J S , Kaiser Richard S , Khan Mohammed Ali , Alshareef Rayan A , Khuthaila Mohammed , Shahlaee Abtin , Obeid Anthony , London Vanessa A , DeCroos Francis Char , Gupta Omesh P , Hsu Jason , Vander James F , Spirn Marc J , Regillo Carl D 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo examine the effect of low-dose, oral isotretinoin in lowering the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair.MethodsProspective, open label, dual-cohort study with pathology-matched historical controls. The prospective experimental arms included two cohorts, composed of 51 eyes with recurrent PVR-related RRD and 58 eyes with primary RRD associated with high-risk features for developing PVR. Eyes in the experimental arms received 20 mg of isotretinoin by mouth once daily for 12 weeks starting the day after surgical repair. The primary outcome measure was single surgery anatomical success rate at 3 months following the study surgery.ResultsThe single surgery anatomic success rate was 78.4% versus 70.0% (p=0.358) in eyes with recurrent PVR-related retinal detachment exposed to isotretinoin versus historical controls, respectively. In eyes with RRD at high risk for developing PVR, the single surgery success rate was 84.5% versus 61.1% (p=0.005) for eyes exposed to isotretinoin versus historical controls, respectively. For eyes enrolled in the experimental arms, the most common isotretinoin-related side effects were dry skin/mucus membranes in 106 patients (97.2%), abnormal sleep/dreams in 4 patients (3.7%) and fatigue in 3 patients (2.8%).ConclusionThe management and prevention of PVR is challenging and complex. At the dose and duration given in this study, oral istotretinoin may reduce the risk of PVR-associated recurrent retinal detachment in eyes with primary RRD at high risk of developing PVR.
TADAFER II: Tadalafil treatment for fetal growth restriction - a study protocol for a multicenter randomised controlled phase II trial
Authors: Umekawa Takashi , Maki Shintaro , Kubo Michiko , Tanaka Hiroaki , Nii Masafumi , Tanaka Kayo , Osato Kazuhiro , Kamimoto Yuki , Tamaru Satoshi , Ogura Toru , Nishimura Yuki , Kodera Mayumi , Minamide Chisato , Nishikawa Masakatsu , Endoh Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi , Kotani Tomomi , Nakamura Masamitsu , Sekizawa Akihiko , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionThere is no proven therapy to reverse or ameliorate fetal growth restriction (FGR). Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has been reported to potentially play a therapeutic role in FGR, but this has not been established. Tadalafil is also a selective PDE5 inhibitor. We have demonstrated the efficacy of tadalafil against FGR along with short-term outcomes and the feasibility of tadalafil treatment. Based on the hypothesis that tadalafil will safely increase the likelihood of increased fetal growth in FGR, we designed this phase II study to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil against FGR.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, randomised controlled phase II trial. A total of 140 fetuses with FGR will be enrolled from medical centres in Japan. Fetuses will be randomised to receive either the conventional management for FGR or a once-daily treatment with 20 mg of tadalafil along with the conventional management until delivery. The primary endpoint is fetal growth velocity from the first day of the protocol-defined treatment to birth (g/day). To minimise bias in terms of fetal baseline conditions and timing of delivery, a fetal indication for delivery was established in this study. The investigator will evaluate fetal baseline conditions at enrolment and will decide the timing of delivery based on this fetal indication. Infants will be followed up for development until 1.5 years of age.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Mie University Hospital and each participating institution. Our findings will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberUMIN000023778.
Study protocol for investigating the impact of community home modification services on hospital utilisation for fall injuries: a controlled longitudinal study using data linkage
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Akbari Ashley , Fry Richard , Watkins Alan , Berridge Damon , Clegg Andy , Hillcoat-Nalletamby Sarah , Williams Neil , Lyons Ronan , Mizen Amy , Walters Angharad , Johnson Rhodri , Rodgers Sarah 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionThis study will evaluate the effectiveness of home adaptations, both in preventing hospital admissions due to falls for older people, and improving timely discharge. Results will provide evidence for services at the interface between health and social care, informing policies seeking to promote healthy ageing through prudent healthcare and fall prevention.Methods and analysisAll individuals living in Wales, UK, aged 60 years and over, will be included in the study using anonymised linked data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. We will use a national database of home modifications implemented by the charity organisation Care & Repair Cymru (C&R) from 2009 to 2017 to define an intervention cohort. We will use the electronic Frailty Index to assign individual levels of frailty (fit, mild, moderate or severe) and use these to create a comparator group (non-C&R) of people who have not received a C&R intervention. Coprimary outcomes will be quarterly numbers of emergency hospital admissions attributed to falls at home, and the associated length of stay. Secondary outcomes include the time in moving to a care home following a fall, and the indicative financial costs of care for individuals who had a fall. We will use appropriate multilevel generalised linear models to analyse the number of hospital admissions related to falls. We will use Cox proportional hazard models to compare the length of stay for fall-related hospital admissions and the time in moving to a care home between the C&R and non-C&R cohorts. We will assess the impact per frailty group, correct for population migration and adjust for confounding variables. Indicative costs will be calculated using financial codes for individual-level hospital stays. Results will provide evidence for services at the interface between health and social care, informing policies seeking to promote healthy ageing through prudent healthcare and prevention.Ethics and disseminationInformation governance requirements for the use of record-linked data have been approved and only anonymised data will be used in our analysis. Our results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. We will also work with lay members and the knowledge transfer team at Swansea University to create communication and dissemination materials on key findings.
Psychiatric disorders associated with intimate partner violence and sexual violence in Thai women: Aresult from the Thai National Mental Health Survey
Authors: Panyayong Benjaporn , Tantirangsee Nopporn , Bogoian Rudy R D ,   the Thai National Mental Health Survey Team 2013
Published: October 2018

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) occur commonly and are a violation of basic human rights. There are limited studies to date that examine the impact of IPV, SV and mental health outcomes in Thailand.AimsThe objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner physical violence and IPV in Thai women and the association between these forms of violence and psychiatric disorders.MethodsThe present study used data from a national cross-sectional, population-based, household design survey. This study analysed data from 3009 female respondents above the age of 18 who were interviewed in person using the World Mental Health-Composite International Diagnostic Interview V.3.0 (WMH-CIDI 3.0). We estimated the lifetime and the 12-month period prevalence of IPV and SV, the lifetime and the past 12- month period correlation of IPV/SV with psychiatric disorders and the OR for psychiatric disorders associated with these types of violence.ResultsThere was only 5.2 % of the weighted sample that reported experiencing some form of violence, including reported rates of intimate partner physical violence of 3.5% and IPV of 2.0%. Women who had experienced IPV have a lifetime prevalence for common psychiatric disorders of 28.9%, for suicidal behaviours of 12.2% and for substance use disorders of 8.8%. Women who had experienced SV have a lifetime diagnoses for common psychiatric disorders of 21.4%, for suicidal behaviours of 16.5% and for substance use disorders of 19.4%. There was a statistically significant association between IPV/SV and being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder during the past year and also during one’s lifetime.ConclusionThe association between IPV/SV and psychiatric disorders is significant; therefore, performing a formal assessment for a history of violence in psychiatric patients is often beneficial in refining the diagnosis and treatment.
Factors associated with parent engagement in DIR/Floortime for treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Praphatthanakunwong Nattakit , Kiatrungrit Komsan , Hongsanguansri Sirichai , Nopmaneejumruslers Kaewta 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe Developmental, Individual-differences, Relationship-based model (DIR/Floortime) is one of the well-known therapies for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in which its main principle is to promote holistic development of an individual and relationships between the caregivers and children. Parental engagement is an essential element to DIR/Floortime treatment and involved with various factors. Finding those supporting factors and eliminating factors that might be an obstacle for parental engagement are essential for children with ASD to receive the full benefits of treatment.AimTo examine the association between parents, children and provider and service factors with parental engagement in DIR/Floortime treatment.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of parents with children aged 2–12 years who were diagnosed with ASD. Data were collected using a parent, child, provider and service factors questionnaire. Patient Health Questionaire-9, Clinical Global Impressions-Severity and Childhood Autism Rating Scale were also used to collect data. For parent engagement in DIR/Floortime, we evaluated quality of parental engagement in DIR/Floortime and parent application of DIR/Floortime techniques at home. Finally, Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement and Functional Emotional Developmental Level were used to assess child development.ResultsParents who were married, had lower income and higher knowledge of DIR/Floortime theory were more likely to have higher parent engagement (χ2=4.43, p=0.035; χ2=13.1, p<0.001 and χ2=4.06, p=0.044 respectively). Furthermore, severity of the diagnosis and the continuation of the treatment significantly correlated with parent engagement (χ2=5.83, p=0.016  and χ2=4.72, p=0.030 respectively). It was found that parents who applied the techniques for more than 1  hour/day, or had a high-quality parent engagement, significantly correlated with better improvement in child development (t=−2.03, p=0.049; t=−2.00, p=0.053, respectively).ConclusionFactors associated with parents, children, and provider and service factors had a significant correlation with parent engagement in DIR/Floortime in which children whose parents had more engagement in DIR/Floortime techniques had better improvement in child development.
Sexual rehabilitation for cardiac patients with erectile dysfunction: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Palm Pernille , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe Olsen , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Thygesen Lau Casper , Giraldi Annamaria , Jensen Karina Gregersen , Lindschou Jane , Winkel Per , Gluud Christian , Steinke Elaine , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundSexual dysfunction is common in patients with either ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and has a negative impact on quality of life. Non-pharmacological treatment options are lacking. The purpose of this trial was to assess the effect of sexual rehabilitation versus usual care for males with erectile dysfunction and either IHD and/or ICD.MethodsParticipants with erectile dysfunction and IHD and/or ICD were randomised to 12 weeks of sexual rehabilitation consisting of physical exercise training, pelvic floor exercise and psychoeducation, or usual care. Primary outcome: sexual function by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Secondary outcome: sexual function by the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. Exploratory outcomes: exercise capacity, pelvic floor strength/endurance, self-reported health and mental health.Results154 participants were included, mean age 61.6 years (SD 6.1). Sexual rehabilitation compared with usual care improved sexual function with a mean difference IIEF score of 6.7 (95% CI 3.1 to 10.4, p<0.0003) at 4 months between groups (unadjusted IIEF mean scores 36.4 vs 31.3) and a mean difference of 6.7, 95% CI 3.2 to 10.1 (p<0.0002) at 6 months between groups (unadjusted mean scores IIEF 37.1 vs 32.2). No effects were seen on the secondary outcome. Sexual rehabilitation improved exercise capacity on cycle ergometer measured by Watt max with a mean difference of 10.3, 95% CI 3.6 to 16.9 (p<0.003) and pelvic floor strength (p<0.01). No differences were seen on self-reported health and mental health.ConclusionSexual rehabilitation compared with usual care improves sexual function and exercise capacity.Trial registrationNCT01796353; Results.
Randomised controlled trial of incentives to improve online survey completion among internet-using men who have sex with men
Authors: Hall Eric , Sanchez Travis , Stephenson Rob , Stein Aryeh D , Sineath Robert Craig , Zlotorzynska Maria , Sullivan Patrick 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHIV prevention research often involves the use of online surveys as data collection instruments. Incomplete responses to these surveys can introduce bias. We aimed to develop and assess innovative methods to incentivise respondents to complete surveys.MethodsAdult men who have sex with men (MSM) living in the USA were recruited through banner advertisements on Facebook from 27 April 2015 to 6 May 2015 to participate in an online survey about HIV prevention and risk behaviours. Participants were randomised to one of four conditions: a monetary incentive; a series of altruistic messages highlighting the importance of participating in research; access to a dashboard comparing their responses with statistics from other participants after completion; and no incentive. Kaplan-Meier survival methods and univariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate survey dropout by incentive group and demographic variables of interest.ResultsThere were a total of 1178 participants randomised to the four treatment groups. The rate of survey dropout among participants in the altruistic (HR=0.68, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.93), monetary (HR=0.44, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.61) and dashboard (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.06) groups was lower than the non-incentivised control group. Regardless of condition, survey dropout was also lower among MSM aged 28–34 (HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.90) compared with those aged 18–22 years old, and MSM who were white (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.02) compared with non-white participants.ConclusionMonetary incentives and altruistic messaging can improve survey completion in online behavioural HIV prevention research among MSM.Trial registration numberNCT02139566.