bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human influence on European winter wind storms such as those of January 2018
Authors: Vautard Robert , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Otto Friederike E. L. , Yiou Pascal , de Vries Hylke , van Meijgaard Erik , Stepek Andrew , Soubeyroux Jean-Michel , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah F. , Costella Cecilia , Singh Roop , Tebaldi Claudia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Several major storms pounded western Europe in January 2018, generating large damages and casualties.
The two most impactful ones,
Eleanor and Friederike, are analysed here in the context of climate change.
Near surface wind speed station observations exhibit a decreasing trend in
the frequency of strong winds associated with such storms. High-resolution
regional climate models, on the other hand, show no trend up to now and a
small increase in storminess in future due to climate change. This shows
that factors other than climate change, which are not in the climate
models, caused the observed decline in storminess over land. A large part is
probably due to increases in surface roughness, as shown for a small set of
stations covering the Netherlands and in previous studies. This observed
trend could therefore be independent from climate evolution. We concluded
that human-induced climate change has had so far no significant influence on
storms like the two mentioned. However, all simulations indicate that global warming
could lead to a marginal increase (0 %–20 %) in the probability of extreme
hourly winds until the middle of the century, consistent with previous
modelling studies. This excludes other factors, such as surface roughness,
aerosols, and decadal variability, which have up to now caused a much larger
negative trend. Until these factors are correctly simulated by climate
models, we cannot give credible projections of future storminess over
land in Europe.
La actuación de diplomáticos latinoamericanos en el salvamento de judío en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Zadoff Efraim 
Published: April 2019

La actitud de los países de América Latina hacia los judíos durante la Shoá se desarrolló a dos niveles: las posibilidades de inmigración que oficial o extraoficialmente brindaron estos países a los refugiados judíos desde 1933 a 1945; el otorgamiento de pasaportes y documentos de protección que podían resguardar a judíos de la persecución, la deportación y el exterminio.
Este trabajo es parte de una investigación más amplia que se ocupa del segundo tema.
Generalmente la acción de otorgar pasaportes para salvar judíos fue asumida por algunos diplomáticos latinoamericanos sin consultar con sus gobiernos y a veces en contra de su política. Algunos de ellos arriesgaron y perdieron su carrera por esta actuación netamente
humanitaria. Hasta el momento se han realizado investigaciones sobre los cónsules de Ecuador, Manuel Antonio Muñoz Borrero; de El Salvador, José Arturo Castellanos, y de Perú, José María Barreto, los tres reconocidos por Yad Vashem como Justos de las Naciones.
Asimismo aquí presento por primera vez el resultado intermedio de mi investigación sobre Samuel del Campo, encargado de negocios y representante de Chile en Rumania
Mi propósito es el de continuar la investigación para descubrir la actuación de otros cónsules, como Rodolfo Hügli de Paraguay, José Gambetta del Perú, Max Brunner de Haití, Alfonso Bauer de Dominicana, entre otros. Mi intención es la de estudiar y conocer a fondo la actuación de estos cónsules y su contexto, y el de verificar si, al igual que los casos de Muñoz Borrero, Castellanos y Barreto, también a ellos les corresponde una
reivindicación y un reconocimiento por su acción en aras de salvar la vida de semejantes.
Destellos de nostalgia: inmigrantes ideológicos de América Latina en el Israel de hoy
Authors: Siebzehner Batia 
Published: April 2019

La práctica de la ideología sionista socialista que caracterizaba a los movimientos juveniles en América Latina implicó para sus miembros emigrar a Israel y vivir en el kibutz. Este artículo analiza la manera en que los grupos de Hashomer Hatzair que emigraron en los decenios de los 50 a los 80 del siglo XX evalúan en la madurez (la segunda década del siglo XXI) la realización de esos objetivos. El cuestionario al que respondieron más de 700 personas que participaron en el movimiento y emigraron a Israel y las entrevistas realizadas a parte de ellos tomaron en consideración los cambios acaecidos en la sociedad israelí desde entonces. Los hallazgos muestran que hay casi un consenso entre los encuestados en lo que se refiere al logro de los objetivos sionistas y a la contribución del movimiento a la conformación de la nacionalidad israelí. Las
respuestas que se refieren al kibutz presentan un cuadro más complejo dado que hay quienes ven en esa empresa un fracaso y hay también quienes consideran un posible despertar del socialismo y el colectivo kibutziano.
La decepción, e incluso los perjuicios personales parecen no destruir la nostalgia restaurativa con respecto al movimiento juvenil al que le atribuyen un lugar fundamental como vivencia juvenil. Tanto los miembros que aún viven en el kibutz (la mitad de los respondientes) como los que lo abandonaron volverían, con la experiencia actual, a ingresar al movimiento que parece.
Baumany Buber: hacia una ética de la responsabilidad
Authors: Calderón Paula 
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo realizaremos un breve diagnóstico de la crisis de la modernidad, tal como lo plantea el pensador judío Zygmunt Bauman, haciendo alusión a la noción de “modernidad líquida”, la que de acuerdo con el autor se caracteriza por una precariedad de los vínculos humanos, marcada por el carácter transitorio y volátil de sus relaciones, incluido el vínculo con lo religioso. Donde el hombre, de acuerdo con el pensador, se encuentra atrapado en la tecnología, en relaciones que se tornan desechables y donde prima el individualismo por sobre lo colectivo.
En este escenario de época técnica, haremos alusión a su vez a ciertas propuestas que plantea el pensador judeo alemán Martín Buber, con tal de recuperar los vínculos con lo sagrado y lograr salir de estos tiempos de emergencia. El pensador plantea un giro hacia el otro a través del diálogo, lo que se traduce en un movimiento desde la unicidad a la multiplicidad, es decir, desde el pensamiento centrado en el “yo-eso”, hacia el pensamiento “yo-tú”, el que permite un diálogo genuino y trascendente con las personas, la naturaleza y, sobre todo, con Dios.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE PREPAREDNESS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE MINIMAL STANDARDS FOR SERVICE IN THE HEALTH FIELD AT DEPOK CITY IN 2017
Authors: Rokib Zakiah Muhammad , Junadi Purnawan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Health is one of the fundamental rights for every person, therefore it must be provided by the government. To guarantee the quality and type of health services, the Minimal Standards for Services (SPM) must be established. This includes the SPM for the productive age healthcare services (SPM BKUP). This type of healthcare is important since it covers about 60-70% of the current population. In this research, we analyzed the discrepancy between the reality and the ideal in the implementation of the SPM BKUP qualitatively through in-depth interviews, focus group discusions, and studying the related documents. We discovered that in Depok City 10 of the 13 indicators for implementation were incomplete. These were the Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) risk factor conseling, technical trainings for the screening officer and web-based surveillance, NCDs integrated services, recording and reporting, monitoring and evaluation, communication, the attitude of the implementer, manpower, facilities, and funding. And that the other three indicators, incentives for the implementers that reached the target, standard operational procedures for the implementation of the SPM BKUP, and a specialized team for the implementation. Therefore, Depok City was only minimally prepared to implement the SPM.Abstrak. Kesehatan adalah hak yang sangat mendasar bagi manusia, untuk itu negara harus hadir dalam pemenuhannya. Dalam era otonomi daerah, Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) bidang kesehatan menjadi jaminan penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan dengan jenis dan mutu pelayanan dasar yang sama. Salah satu jenis layanan dasar adalah SPM bidang kesehatan pada usia produktif (SPM BKUP). Jenis layanan dasar ini bernilai strategis bagi kinerja Pemerintah Daerah, karena berdasarkan BPS (2017) komposisi penduduk usia produktif menempati proporsi 60-70% dari seluruh jumlah penduduk dan nilai strategis bagi pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) karena bentuk skrining. Analisis kesiapan ditujukan untuk melihat seberapa besar jarak antara kondisi ideal dengan kenyataan yang sebenarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik WM, FGD dan telaah dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 10 dari 13 indikator kesiapan implementasi, belum lengkap dimiliki Kota Depok, meliputi konseling faktor risiko PTM, Pelatihan teknis petugas skrining dan surveilans berbasis web, pelayanan terpadu PTM, pencatatan pelaporan, monitoring evaluasi, komunikasi, sikap pelaksana, ketersediaan SDM, fasilitas dan dana. Sementara 3 indikator yang belum sama sekali dimiliki yaitu insentif bagi pelaksana yang mencapai target, SOP pelaksanaan SPM BKUP dan Tim penanggung jawab penyelenggaraan SPM BKUP. Kesimpulan didapatkan bahwa Kota Depok memiliki kesiapan yang minimal dalam rangka implementasi SPM BKUP.
ACCUPRESSURE PROGRAM AT THE HEALTH CENTERS IN SOUTH JAKARTA IN 2018
Authors: Rini Sandra Octaviani Dyah Puspita , Achadi Anhari 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Traditional Health Services is a treatment or therapy using methods and medication that is based on the experience and skills of our ancestors that can be accounted for and is in accordance with the norms prevailing in the community. One example is acupressure, ehich is a healing method that uses pressure on certain points of the body or acupuncture points. This type of service has been regulated in various laws on traditional health. However, not all Health Centers provide this service. In South Jakarta City, there are only two Health Centers that provide acupressure services. This is a qualitative research, and aims to analyze the policies and implementation of the implementation of acupressure services in the Health Centers and its obstacles. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and document review. In this study we found that the quality and quantity of health workers trained in acupressure and their comprehension of the program was inadequate. In addition, the room for acupressure is only found in health centers that have provided this service. Communication is still a problem, because there is no regulation socialization regarding the regulation of acupressure services for policy implementers. However, 60% of patients were satisfied with the services provided. Abstrak. Pelayanan Kesehatan Tradisional adalah pengobatan/atau perawatan dengan cara dan obat yang berdasarkan pada pengalaman dan keterampilan turun temurun secara empiris, dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan diterapkan sesuai dengan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat. Salah satu diantaranya adalah akupresur. Akupresur merupakan suatu cara penyembuhan dengan teknik penekanan titik-titik tertentu pada tubuh (titik-titik akupunktur) yang menggunakan jari-jari tangan ataupun alat bantu seperti batang kayu. Pelayanan jenis ini sudah dituangkan dalam berbagai undang-undang tentang kesehatan tradisional. Namun, tidak semua puskesmas menyelenggarakan layanan ini. Di Kota Jakarta Selatan, hanya terdapat dua Puskesmas yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan akupresur. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dan bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan dan implementasi pelaksanaan pelayanan akupresur di Puskesmas serta hambatannya. Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawacara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa kualitas dan kuantitas tenaga kesehatan yang terlatih akupresur dan mengerti tentang program masih belum mencukupi. Selain itu, ruangan untuk akupresur hanya terdapat pada puskesmas yang sudah menyediakan pelayanan ini. Komunikasipun masih menjadi masalah, karena belum ada sosialisasi regulasi tentang pengaturan pelayanan akupresur bagi pelaksana kebijakan.
The influence of online video learning aids on preparing postgraduate chiropractic students for an objective structured clinical examination
Authors: Fong Kevin K. , Gilder Susannah , Jenkins Rebecca , Graham Petra L. , Brown Benjamin T. 
Published: April 2019

Objective
To investigate the influence of providing online procedural videos to postgraduate chiropractic students preparing for an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).

Methods
Eighty-three postgraduate chiropractic students enrolled in a diagnostic unit during 2017 received supplemental video resources prior to their final OSCE. Ninety students enrolled in the 2016 offering of the unit acted as the control group. Two-sample t tests were used to compare OSCE results between groups and paired t tests were used for within-group comparisons. Regression analysis was used to examine the association of age, undergraduate grade point average, and gender with the final OSCE scores. Students were also surveyed regarding their perceptions of the video resources using a purpose-built questionnaire.

Results
A paired t test comparing initial and final OSCE scores found a small but significant increase in scores for the 2017 (mean change 3.6 points; p = .001) but not the 2016 (mean change −1.1 scores; p = .09) cohort. The 2017 cohort had significantly more change than the 2016 cohort (mean difference 4.7 points; p &lt; .001). Analysis of responses to the questionnaire highlighted overall positive feedback for the procedural videos.

Conclusion
Online procedural videos as learning resources had a small but positive effect on OSCE performance for a group of postgraduate chiropractic students. Students perceived the resource as being helpful for OSCE preparation.
Survey the Effect of Educational Program Based on Precaution Adoption Process Model on Screening Cervical Cancer Behaviors among Rural Women, Mixed Method Development
Authors: Bahmani Afshin , Bahmani Nasrin , Enjezab Behnaz , Baghianimoghadam Hossein , Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed Mazloomy 
Published: April 2019

Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer is considered as a preventable cancer in women. Pap smear test is an effective screening program for diagnosing cervical cancer, but for some reasons its use is low. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the women's participation in the Pap smear test based on precaution adoption process model and effect of educational program based on model on doing the Pap test with a Mixed Method approach.
Materials and Methods: This study was a Mixed Method approach. Thirty women voluntarily participated in this study in sarvabad city of Iran. The sampling began purposefully and continued until saturation. Semi-structured interviews were the primary method of data collection. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and continuous comparisons. Quantitative study was conducted implementing a quasi-experimental method. Participants were divided into two groups as experimental and control groups using Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) among 180 rural females in Sarvabad. In treating the experimental group, the methods of lecturing with question and answer, playing videos, specialized consulting and pamphlet were used. The questionnaire including a demographic characteristic and variables that affecting the stages of the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney, chi-square and descriptive statistical methods. P <0.05 was considered as the significance level.
Results: In qualitative study Model-based themes included, awareness, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, social norms. Women`s awareness about cervical cancer and Pap smear test is not enough, but, they perceived the severity of the disease. In quantitative study in comparison of the means of the scores of psychological variables affecting the decision process in Pap smear test, there was a significant relationship between the experimental and control groups based on Mann-Whitney test and control groups based on variables, perceived susceptibility, awareness and social norms. But the perceived severity was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Findings of this study will help health managers and health planners to plan and train ways to facilitate the participation of women in the Pap smear test.
Interfacial Engineering and Photon Downshifting of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals for Efficient, Stable, and Colorful Vapor Phase Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Cong , Wu Yanjie , Liu Le , Gao Yanbo , Chen Xinfu , Bi Wenbo , Chen Xu , Liu Dali , Dai Qilin , Song Hongwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotovoltaic devices employing lead halide perovskites as the photoactive layer have attracted enormous attention due to their commercialization potential. Yet, there exists challenges on the way to the practical use of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), such as light stability and current–voltage (J–V ) hysteresis. Inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (IPNCs) are promising candidates for high‐performance photovoltaic devices due to their simple synthesis methods, tunable bandgap, and efficient photon downshifting effect for ultraviolet (UV) light blocking and conversion. In this work, CsPbBr3 IPNCs modification could give rise to the vapor phase and solution‐processed PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% and 20.8%, respectively, increased by 11.6% and 5.6% compared to the control devices for more efficient UV utilization and carrier recombination suppression. As far as is known, 11.6% is the most effective enhanced factor for PSCs based on photon downshifting effect inside of devices. The CsPbBr3 layer could also significantly retard light‐induced degradation, leading to the lifetime over 100 h under UV illumination for PSCs. Additionally, the modified PSCs exhibit weak hysteresis and multiple colors of fluorescence. These results shed light on the future design of combining a photon downshifting layer and carrier interfacial modification layer in the applications of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Mediated with Hydroxyl‐Rich Nanosystems for Gene Editing in Aorta
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Xu Chen , Gao Shijuan , Li Ping , Kong Yu , Li Tiantian , Li Yulin , Xu Fu‐Jian , Du Jie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful tool for gene editing to treat genetic mutation related diseases. Due to the complete endothelial barrier, effective delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to vasculatures remains a challenge for in vivo gene editing of genetic vascular diseases especially in aorta. Herein, it is reported that CHO‐PGEA (cholesterol (CHO)‐terminated ethanolamine‐aminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)) with rich hydroxyl groups can deliver a plasmid based pCas9‐sgFbn1 system for the knockout of exon 10 in Fbn1 gene. This is the first report of a polycation‐mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene editing in aorta of adult mice. CHO‐PGEA/pCas9‐sgFbn1 nanosystems can effectively contribute to the knockout of exon 10 in Fbn1 in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro, which leads to the change of the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and the increased expression of two downstream signals of Fbn1: Mmp‐2 and Ctgf. For in vivo application, the aortic enrichment of CHO‐PGEA/Cas9‐sgFbn1 is achieved by administering a pressor dose of angiotensin II (Ang II). The effects of the pCas9‐sgFbn1 system targeting Fbn1 demonstrate an increase in the expression of Mmp‐2 and Ctgf in aorta. Thus, the combination of CHO‐PGEA/pCas9‐sgFbn1 nanosystems with Ang II infusion can provide the possibility for in vivo gene editing in aorta.
Floral traits influence the opportunity for selection among male gametophytes: independent and combined effects of style length and petal area
Authors: Mazer Susan J. , Chellew Joseph P. , Peach Kristen 
Published: April 2019

PremiseStrong correlations between traits can obscure their independent effects on components of reproduction. Style length (SL) and petal area (PA) vary within species, for example, but their independent effects on the opportunity for selection among pollen genotypes are poorly understood. Previous work in Clarkia detected a positive effect of SL on pollen receipt, potentially intensifying selection. However, this apparent effect of SL may be influenced by a correlated trait, such as PA. Here, we examine the independent effects of these two traits on pollen receipt and performance.MethodsWe collected petals and styles from wild populations of two insect‐pollinated Clarkia taxa and estimated the independent and combined effects of SL and PA on pollen receipt and performance.ResultsIn both taxa, SL and PA are positively correlated. In C. unguiculata, both traits positively and independently affect pollen receipt, but in C. xantiana ssp. xantiana, the two traits act only in combination to affect pollen receipt. In both taxa, pollen receipt positively affects the numbers of pollen tubes entering and penetrating the style, as well as pollen tube attrition.ConclusionsThe effects of SL and PA on pollen receipt and performance are taxon specific. In C. unguiculata, both traits may be independent targets of selection due to their effects on pollen receipt. In C. xantiana ssp. xantiana, by contrast, the combined (but not independent) effects of SL and PA influence pollen receipt. Ecological differences between these taxa require exploration to understand the mechanisms by which these traits affect pollinator behavior.
Strain‐specific altered nicotine metabolism in 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) exposed mice
Authors: Bloom A. Joseph , Upadhyaya Pramod , Kharasch Evan D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo indole compounds, indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) and its acid condensation product, 3,3′‐diindolymethane (DIM), have been shown to suppress the expression of flavin‐containing monooxygenases (FMO) and to induce some hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in rats. In liver microsomes prepared from rats fed I3C or DIM, FMO‐mediated nicotine N‐oxygenation was decreased, whereas CYP‐mediated nicotine metabolism to nicotine iminium and subsequently to cotinine was unchanged. Therefore, it was hypothesized that in mice DIM would also suppress nicotine N‐oxygenation without affecting CYP‐mediated nicotine metabolism. Liver microsomes were produced from male and female C57BL/6 J and CD1 mice fed 2500 parts per million (ppm) DIM for 14 days. In liver microsomes from DIM‐fed mice, FMO‐mediated nicotine N‐oxygenation did not differ from the controls, but CYP‐mediated nicotine metabolism was significantly increased, with results varying by sex and strain. To confirm the effects of DIM in vivo, control and DIM‐fed CD1 male mice were injected subcutaneously with nicotine, and the plasma concentrations of nicotine, cotinine and nicotine‐N‐oxide were measured over 30 minutes. The DIM‐fed mice showed greater cotinine concentrations compared with the controls 10 minutes following injection. It is concluded that the effects of DIM on nicotine metabolism in vitro and in vivo differ between mice and rats and between mouse strains, and that DIM is an effective inducer of CYP‐mediated nicotine metabolism in commonly studied mouse strains.