bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low loss, fully-printed, ferroelectric varactors for high-power impedance matching at low ISM band frequency
Authors: Kienemund Daniel , Bohn Nicole , Fink Thomas , Abrecht Mike , Bigler Walter , Binder Joachim R. , Jakoby Rolf , Maune Holger 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLow loss, ferroelectric, fully-printed varactors for high-power matching applications are presented. Piezoelectric-induced acoustic resonances reduce the power handling capabilities of these varactors by lowering the Q-factor at the operational frequency of 13.56 MHz. Here, a quality factor of maximum 142 is achieved with an interference-based acoustic suppression approach utilizing double metal–insulator–metal structures. The varactors show a tunability of maximum 34% at 300 W of input power. At a power level of 1 kW, the acoustic suppression technique greatly reduces the dissipated power by 62% from 37 W of a previous design to 14.2 W. At this power level, the varactors remain tunable with maximum 18.2% and 200 V of biasing voltage.
Long‐Term Impacts of the 1997–1998 Bleaching Event on the Growth and Resilience of Massive Porites Corals From the Central Red Sea
Authors: D'Olivo Juan P. , Georgiou Lucy , Falter Jim , DeCarlo Thomas M. , Irigoien Xabier , Voolstra Christian R. , Roder Cornelia , Trotter Julie , McCulloch Malcolm T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of extreme heat wave events on long‐lived massive corals (Porites spp.) from the central Saudi Arabian Red Sea using trace element (Sr/Ca, Li/Mg, Mg/Ca, U/Ca, B/Ca, and Li/Ca) records preserved in the coral skeleton for the period between 1992 and 2012. Prior to 1998, the trace element records show strong correlations with sea surface temperature. However, during the prolonged high temperature phase associated with the 1998 El Niño event, the seasonal trace element signals were disrupted, which also coincided with a reduction in extension rates. This disruption in normally highly correlated seasonal trace element ratios‐sea surface temperature relationships was unusually long, lasting for approximately 2 years in the inner‐shelf reef site and nearly 4 years in the outer‐shelf reef site. Although the seasonal signal of trace element ratios in both cores eventually stabilized, for the inner‐shelf core the amplitude and absolute values in most trace element ratios remained significantly different compared to pre‐1998 levels. This suggests that prolonged thermal stress can induce subtle but potentially long‐lasting physiological changes that affect the elemental composition of the coral's calcifying fluid. The lack of indication of stress in the core records during later bleaching events (2003, 2005, and 2010) suggests that some of these physiological changes could have induced increased thermal tolerance, particularly for inner‐shelf corals, lending support to the capacity for corals to acclimatize.
Phased Response of the Subpolar Southern Ocean to Changes in Circumpolar Winds
Authors: Naveira Garabato A. C. , Dotto T. S. , Hooley J. , Bacon S. , Tsamados M. , Ridout A. , Frajka‐Williams E. E. , Herraiz‐Borreguero L. , Holland P. R. , Heorton H. D. B. S. , Meredith M. P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe response of the subpolar Southern Ocean (sSO) to wind forcing is assessed using satellite radar altimetry. sSO sea level exhibits a phased, zonally coherent, bimodal adjustment to circumpolar wind changes, involving comparable seasonal and interannual variations. The adjustment is effected via a quasi‐instantaneous exchange of mass between the Antarctic continental shelf and the sSO to the north, and a 2‐month‐delayed transfer of mass between the wider Southern Ocean and the subtropics. Both adjustment modes are consistent with an Ekman‐mediated response to variations in surface stress. Only the fast mode projects significantly onto the surface geostrophic flow of the sSO; thus, the regional circulation varies in phase with the leading edge of sSO sea level variability. The surface forcing of changes in the sSO system is partly associated with variations of surface winds linked to the Southern Annular Mode and is modulated by sea ice cover near Antarctica.
Steady State Characteristics of the Terrestrial Geopauses
Authors: Trung Huy‐Sinh , Liemohn Michael W. , Ilie Raluca 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe boundary separating solar wind plasma from ionospheric plasma is typically thought to be the magnetopause. A generalization of the magnetopause concept called the geopause was developed by Moore and Delcourt (1995,https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00872). The geopause is a surface defined where solar wind quantities equal the ionospheric quantities. Geopause studies have helped characterize magnetospheric systems. However, comparative studies between the geopauses to the magnetopause have not been conducted. In this paper, we analyze the influence of inner boundary composition and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation on the steady state terrestrial geopauses and the magnetopause. This study simulates the Earth's magnetosphere by using the multifluid capabilities of the Block Adaptive Tree Solar wind Roe‐type Upwind Scheme magnetohydrodynamics model within the Space Weather Modeling Framework. The simulations show that the dayside magnetopause was not influenced by the presence of oxygen in the outflow for both IMF orientations and was larger than the other geopauses. In contrast, the nightside magnetopause was sensitive to the conditions in the outflow. The nightside magnetopause was smaller than the other geopauses with southward IMF. With northward IMF, the nightside magnetopause was the largest structure in comparison with the plasma‐based geopauses. Our results indicate that no single boundary surface dictates the transition from a solar wind dominated plasma to ionosphere dominated plasma.
Multiple Scattering Effects in the Interplanetary Medium: Evaluation Using SOHO SWAN and MAVEN EUVM Lyman α Measurements
Authors: Quémerais Eric , Thiemann Edward , Snow Martin , Ferron Stéphane , Schmidt Walter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterplanetary background measurements can be used to derive the solar flux that is illuminating the atoms in the interplanetary medium. We present a new algorithm combining measurements from the Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN)‐Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Lyman α photometer with Earth‐based solar flux measurements to derive the solar illuminating flux at Lyman α in any direction along the ecliptic plane. The modulations of the solar flux and the interplanetary background intensity are proportional. The proportionality coefficient is a direct measurement of the fraction of the interplanetary brightness that is due to single scattering in the interplanetary medium. We find that for an observer at 1 AU from the Sun, single scattering photons represent roughly 70% of the total brightness. This new algorithm is tested by a comparison with actual measurements from the Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor (EUVM)‐Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) solar monitor in orbit around Mars since 2014.
Observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Over the Udintsev Fracture Zone, the Narrowest Choke Point in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Park Y.‐H. , Park T. , Kim T.‐W. , Lee S.‐H. , Hong C.‐S. , Lee J.‐H. , Rio M.‐H. , Pujol M.‐I. , Ballarotta M. , Durand I. , Provost C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn up‐to‐date map of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) fronts is constructed from the latest version of mean dynamic topography (MDT) from satellite altimetry and reveals the narrowest ACC width in the Udintsev Fracture Zone (UFZ), with the strongest concentration of the three major ACC fronts within a limited distance as short as 170 km, about 40% narrower than that at Drake Passage. At 144°W, at the entrance of the UFZ, which lies between the Pacific‐Antarctic Ridge (PAR) and its eastwardly offset segment (offset PAR segment), there is a triple confluence of the Subantarctic Front, Polar Front, and Southern ACC Front . Downstream of this longitude, the Subantarctic Front progressively meanders northward over the relatively shallow offset PAR segment before channeling through the Eltanin Fracture Zone, thus diverging from the Polar Front which proceeds through the UFZ. In situ observations from two recent cruises at 144°W confirm the satellite altimetry‐derived frontal circulation in the UFZ region and yield a baroclinic transport relative to the bottom of 113 × 106 m3/s, comparable to that through Drake Passage. The hydrographic sections show no Antarctic bottom water colder than 0.2 °C. Characteristics of major water masses are described, and the implications for their potential downstream modifications at Drake Passage are discussed in terms of the meridional overturning circulation across the ACC. Mesoscale eddy activity with periods shorter than 90 days is predominantly concentrated in the immediate downstream area of the offset PAR segment, suggesting a substantial poleward eddy heat flux there.
Genetic variant in SLC1A2 is associated with elevated anterior cingulate cortex glutamate and lifetime history of rapid cycling
Authors: Veldic Marin , Millischer Vincent , Port John D. , Ho Ada Man-Choi , Jia Yun-Fang , Geske Jennifer R. , Biernacka Joanna M. , Backlund Lena , McElroy Susan L. , Bond David J. , Villaescusa J. Carlos , Skime Michelle , Choi Doo-Sup , Lavebratt Catharina , Schalling Martin , Frye Mark A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlutamatergic dysregulation is implicated in the neurobiology of mood disorders. This study investigated the relationship between the anterior cingulate cortex (AC) glutamate, as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from four genes (GLUL,SLC1A3,SLC1A2, andSLC1A7) that regulate the extracellular glutamate in 26 depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD;n = 15) and bipolar disorder (BD;n = 11). Two SNPs (rs3812778 and rs3829280), in perfect linkage disequilibrium, in the 3′ untranslated region of the EAAT2 geneSLC1A2, were associated with AC glutamate, with minor allele carriers having significantly higher glutamate levels (p < 0.001) in comparison with common allele homozygotes. In silico analysis revealed an association of minor allele carriers of rs3812778/rs382920 with an upregulation of the astrocytic markerCD44localized downstream ofSLC1A2on chromosome 11. Finally, we tested the disease relevance of these SNPs in a large group of depressed patients [MDD (n = 458); BD (n = 1473)] and found that minor allele carriers had a significantly higher risk for rapid cycling (p = 0.006). Further work is encouraged to delineate the functional impact of excitatory amino acid transporter genetic variation on CD44 associated physiology and glutamatergic neurotransmission, specifically glutamate–glutamine cycling, and its contribution to subphenotypes of mood disorders.
Acoustomicrofluidic assembly of oriented and simultaneously activated metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Ahmed Heba , Rezk Amgad R. , Richardson Joseph J. , Macreadie Lauren K. , Babarao Ravichandar , Mayes Edwin L. H. , Lee Lillian , Yeo Leslie Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe high surface area and porosity, and limitless compound and network combinations between the metal ions and organic ligands making up metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tremendous opportunities for their use in many applications. While numerous methods have been proposed for the synthesis of MOF powders, it is often difficult to obtain oriented crystals with these techniques. Further, the need for additional post-synthesis steps to activate the crystals and release them from the substrate presents a considerable production challenge. Here, we report an acoustically-driven microcentrifugation platform that facilitates fast convective solutal transport, allowing the synthesis of MOF crystals in as short as five minutes. The crystals are not only oriented due to long-range out-of-plane superlattice ordering aided by molecular dipole polarization under the acoustoelectric coupling, but also simultaneously activated during the synthesis process.
Loss-cone instability modulation due to a magnetohydrodynamic sausage mode oscillation in the solar corona
Authors: Carley Eoin P. , Hayes Laura A. , Murray Sophie A. , Morosan Diana E. , Shelley Warren , Vilmer Nicole , Gallagher Peter T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSolar flares often involve the acceleration of particles to relativistic energies and the generation of high-intensity bursts of radio emission. In some cases, the radio bursts can show periodic or quasiperiodic intensity pulsations. However, precisely how these pulsations are generated is still subject to debate. Prominent theories employ mechanisms such as periodic magnetic reconnection, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillations, or some combination of both. Here we report on high-cadence (0.25 s) radio imaging of a 228 MHz radio source pulsating with a period of 2.3 s during a solar flare on 2014-April-18. The pulsating source is due to an MHD sausage mode oscillation periodically triggering electron acceleration in the corona. The periodic electron acceleration results in the modulation of a loss-cone instability, ultimately resulting in pulsating plasma emission. The results show that a complex combination of MHD oscillations and plasma instability modulation can lead to pulsating radio emission in astrophysical environments.
The AvrPm3-Pm3 effector-NLR interactions control both race-specific resistance and host-specificity of cereal mildews on wheat
Authors: Bourras Salim , Kunz Lukas , Xue Minfeng , Praz Coraline Rosalie , Müller Marion Claudia , Kälin Carol , Schläfli Michael , Ackermann Patrick , Flückiger Simon , Parlange Francis , Menardo Fabrizio , Schaefer Luisa Katharina , Ben-David Roi , Roffler Stefan , Oberhaensli Simone , Widrig Victoria , Lindner Stefan , Isaksson Jonatan , Wicker Thomas , Yu Dazhao , Keller Beat 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe wheat Pm3 resistance gene against the powdery mildew pathogen occurs as an allelic series encoding functionally different immune receptors which induce resistance upon recognition of isolate-specific avirulence (AVR) effectors from the pathogen. Here, we describe the identification of five effector proteins from the mildew pathogens of wheat, rye, and the wild grass Dactylis glomerata, specifically recognized by the PM3B, PM3C and PM3D receptors. Together with the earlier identified AVRPM3A2/F2, the recognized AVRs of PM3B/C, (AVRPM3B2/C2), and PM3D (AVRPM3D3) belong to a large group of proteins with low sequence homology but predicted structural similarities. AvrPm3b2/c2 and AvrPm3d3 are conserved in all tested isolates of wheat and rye mildew, and non-host infection assays demonstrate that Pm3b, Pm3c, and Pm3d are also restricting the growth of rye mildew on wheat. Furthermore, divergent AVR homologues from non-adapted rye and Dactylis mildews are recognized by PM3B, PM3C, or PM3D, demonstrating their involvement in host specificity.
Effects of Soils and Irrigation Volume on Maize Yield, Irrigation Water Productivity, and Nitrogen Uptake
Authors: Fang Jing , Su Yongzhong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the newly cultivated oases of northwestern China, the soil properties of farmlands with different cultivation periods show a high degree of spatial heterogeneity on the field scale. However, the irrigation water allocation at the irrigation district scale was based mainly on cultivated area but soil conditions were not considered, which resulted in the shortage or super abound of the irrigation water in the farmlands with different soils. A deeper understanding of the effects of soils on crop IWP and irrigation water requirement is an essential prerequisite to accurately assessing regional irrigation water needs and water-saving potential. Therefore, measurements were taken of the yield, irrigation water productivity (IWP), and nitrogen (N) uptake of maize grown in sandy soils (S1, S2), loamy sand soil (S3), and sandy loam soils (S4, S5) and subjected to three irrigation treatments (full, medium, and low irrigation) in an arid oasis farming system in northwestern China. The results show that the highest yield was obtained under full irrigation in sandy loam. Medium and low irrigation reduced the maize yield by 12.5–21.8% and 13.5–20.6%, respectively, relative to full irrigation, with the greatest decrease in sandy loam. Maize IWP ranged from 1.06–1.20 kg m−3 for sand to 2.27–2.58 kg m−3 for sandy loam and was influenced by soil properties but not irrigation treatments. Soil properties also influenced crop N uptake, with sandy loam having a significantly higher such uptake than loamy sand or sand. Under a conventional flooding irrigation pattern, reduced irrigation does not appear to increase IWP in well-drained sandy soils. Crop irrigation water requirement and IWP were mainly influenced by soil texture and fertility. Soil management to improving water productivity should be addressed. In agricultural water management, reasonable irrigation water allocation based on soil conditions should be considered.
Thymol Affects Congruency Between Olfactory and Gustatory Stimuli in Bees
Authors: Chapuy Clara , Ribbens Lisa , Renou Michel , Dacher Matthieu , Armengaud Catherine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHoney bees learn to associate sugars with odorants in controlled laboratory conditions and during foraging. The memory of these associations can be impaired after exposure to contaminants such as pesticides. The sub-lethal effects of acaricides such as 5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)-phenol (thymol) introduced into colonies to control varroa mites are of particular concern to beekeeping, due to detrimental effects of some acaricides on bees. Here we assess whether various odorant/sugar pairs are identically memorized in a differential appetitive olfactory conditioning experiment and whether this learning is affected by thymol exposure. Responses to odorants in retrieval tests varied according to the sugar they were paired with, a property called congruency. Interestingly, congruency was altered by pre-exposure to some thymol concentrations during retrieval tests, although electroantennography recordings showed it left odorant detection intact. This highlights the importance of taking into account subtle effects such as odor/sugar congruency in the study of the effect of pesticides on non-target insects, in addition to the simpler question of memory impairment.
High sensitivity NH3 gas sensor with electrical readout made on paper with perovskite halide as sensor material
Authors: Maity Avisek , Raychaudhuri A. K. , Ghosh Barnali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper we report a cheap, paper electronics based solid state gas sensor to detect NH3 gas selectively with a detection capability of better than 1 ppm. The sensor uses perovskite halide CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) as the active sensor material grown on a paper. This paper based sensor works at room temperature. The current through the paper sensor increases by one order on exposure to only 10 ppm NH3 gas. The calibrated sensitivity is ~55% for 1 ppm of NH3 gas in Nitrogen or Air. The current noise limited resolution estimated to be ~10 ppb. This work establishes perovskite halide as a new solid state gas sensing material that can reach sub ppm sensitivity using simple paper electronics. Use of paper and also solution method used to grow the active material makes the sensor cost effective and easy to manufacture. This type of disposable high sensitive paper sensor can be used for detection of NH3 as a marker in exhaled breathes for non-invasive diagnosis. The sensor formed on the paper, since it supports unheated operation, needs less than few nanowatt power for its operation.
Clinical application of noninvasive prenatal screening for sex chromosome aneuploidies in 50,301 pregnancies: initial experience in a Chinese hospital
Authors: Deng Cechuan , Zhu Qian , Liu Sha , Liu Jianlong , Bai Ting , Jing Xiaosha , Xia Tianyu , Liu Yunyun , Cheng Jing , Li Zhunduo , Wei Xiang , Xing Lingling , Luo Yuan , Liu Hongqian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the clinical performance of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) for fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs), pregnant women were recruited in this retrospective observational study. The NIPS test was undertaken using high-throughput gene sequencing. In total,50,301 pregnant women were analysed for demographic characteristics and medical history. Of them, 308 women (0.61%) had high risk for fetal SCAs, including 138 for 45,X, 111 for 47,XXY, 42 for 47,XXX, and 17 for 47,XYY. After the pre-test counselling, 182 participants chose to undergo invasive prenatal diagnosis, confirming 59 positive cases. The combined positive predictive value of NIPS was 32.42% (59/182), 18.39% (16/87), 44.4% (12/27), 39.29% (22/56), and 75% (9/12) for detecting SCAs, 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, and 47,XYY, respectively. NIPS can be a useful method to detect the fetal SCAs using high-throughput gene sequencing, though accuracy can still be improved, especially for 45,X. Although the value of NIPS compare favorably with those seen in traditional screening approaches for SCAs, it is important to highlight the limitations of NIPS while educating clinicians and patients.
Synthetic, non-intoxicating 8,9-dihydrocannabidiol for the mitigation of seizures
Authors: Mascal Mark , Hafezi Nema , Wang Deping , Hu Yuhan , Serra Gessica , Dallas Mark L. , Spencer Jeremy P. E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere can be a fine line between therapeutic intervention and substance abuse, and this point is clearly exemplified in herbal cannabis and its products. Therapies involving cannabis have been the treatment of last resort for some cases of refractory epilepsy, and this has been among the strongest medical justifications for legalization of marijuana. In order to circumvent the narcotic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), many studies have concentrated on its less intoxicating isomer cannabidiol (CBD). However, CBD, like all natural cannabinoids, is a controlled substance in most countries, and its conversion into THC can be easily performed using common chemicals. We describe here the anticonvulsant properties of 8,9-dihydrocannibidiol (H2CBD), a fully synthetic analogue of CBD that is prepared from inexpensive, non-cannabis derived precursors. H2CBD was found to have effectiveness comparable to CBD both for decreasing the number and reducing the severity of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats. Finally, H2CBD cannot be converted by any reasonable synthetic route into THC, and thus has the potential to act as a safe, noncontroversial drug for seizure mitigation.