bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Well Do Results From Randomized Clinical Trials and/or Recommendations for Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Programming Diffuse Into Clinical Practice?
Authors: Varma Niraj , Jones Paul , Wold Nicholas , Cronin Edmond , Stein Kenneth 
Published: February 2019

Background
Inappropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator programming can be detrimental. Whether trials/recommendations informing best implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator programming (high‐rate cutoff and/or extended duration of detection) influence practice is unknown.

Methods and Results

We measured reaction to publication of
MADIT‐RIT
(Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Reduce Inappropriate Therapy; 2012) and the Consensus Statement (2015) providing generic programming parameters, in a national cohort of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator recipients, using the
ALTITUDE
database (Boston Scientific). Yearly changes in programmed parameters to either trial‐specified or class 1 recommended parameters (≥185 beats per minute or delay ≥6 seconds) were assessed in parallel. From 2008 to 2017, 232 982 patients (aged 67±13 years; 28% women) were analyzed. Prevalence of MADIT‐
RIT
–specific settings before publication was <1%, increasing to 13.6% in the year following. Thereafter, this increased by <6% over 5 years. Among preexisting implants (91 171), most patients (58 739 [64.4%]) underwent at least 1 in‐person device reprogramming after trial publication, but <2% were reprogrammed to
MADIT
‐
RIT
settings. Notably, prevalence of programming to ≥185 beats per minute or delay ≥6 seconds was increased by
MADIT
‐
RIT
(57.4% in 2013 versus 40.2% at baseline), but the following publication of recommendations had minor incremental effect (73.2% in 2016 versus 70.8% in 2015). High‐rate cutoff programming was favored almost 2‐fold compared with extended duration throughout the test period. Practice changes demonstrated large interhospital and interstate variations.

Conclusions
Trial publication had an immediate effect during 1 year postpublication, but absolute penetration was low, and amplified little with time. Consensus recommendations had a negligible effect. However, generic programming was exercised more widely, and increased after trial publication, but not following recommendations.
Relationship Between Hospital Characteristics and Early Adoption of Angiotensin‐Receptor/Neprilysin Inhibitor Among Eligible Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure
Authors: Luo Nancy , Lippmann Steven J. , Mentz Robert J. , Greiner Melissa A. , Hammill Bradley G. , Hardy N. Chantelle , Laskey Warren K. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Chang Chun‐Lan , Hernandez Adrian F. , Curtis Lesley H. , Peterson Pamela N. , Fonarow Gregg C. , O'Brien Emily C. 
Published: February 2019

Background

The angiotensin‐receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (
ARNI
) sacubitril/valsartan reduces hospitalization and mortality for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, adoption of
ARNI
into clinical practice has been slow. Factors influencing use of
ARNI
have not been fully elucidated. Using data from the Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure registry, Hospital Compare, Dartmouth Atlas, and the American Hospital Association Survey, we sought to identify hospital characteristics associated with patient‐level receipt of an
ARNI
prescription.

Methods and Results

We analyzed patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who were eligible for
ARNI
prescription (ejection fraction≤40%, no contraindications) and hospitalized from October 1, 2015 through December 31, 2016. We used logistic regression to estimate the associations between hospital characteristics and patient
ARNI
prescription at hospital discharge, accounting for clustering of patients within hospitals using generalized estimating equation methods and adjusting for patient‐level covariates. Of 16 674 eligible hospitalizations from 210 hospitals, 1020 patients (6.1%) were prescribed
ARNI
at discharge. The median hospital‐level proportion of patients prescribed
ARNI
was 3.3% (Q1, Q3: 0%, 12.6%). After adjustment for patient‐level covariates, for‐profit hospitals had significantly higher odds of
ARNI
prescription compared with not‐for‐profit hospitals (odds ratio, 2.53; 95%
CI
, 1.05–6.10;
P
=0.04), and hospitals located in the Western United States had lower odds of
ARNI
prescription compared with those in the Northeast (odds ratio, 0.33; 95%
CI
, 0.13–0.84;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions

Relatively few hospital characteristics were associated with
ARNI
prescription at hospital discharge, in contrast to what has been observed in early adoption in other disease areas. Additional evaluation of barriers to implementing new evidence into heart failure practice is needed.
New records of Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R. 
Published: February 2019

New occurrences of Reduviidae from Brazil are recorded for the first time: Ectrichodiinae: Borgmeierina dentata Wygodzinsky, Parapothea jaguaris Carpintero (new genera records); Harpactorinae: Aristathlus imperatorius Bergroth, Aristathlus regalis Bergroth (new genus record), Notocyrtus foveatus Stål, Orbella tricolor Maldonado, Sosius foliaceus Champion; Reduviinae: Zelurus salyavatoides Lent & Wygodzinsky; Saicinae: Tagalis seminigra Champion; Stenopodainae: Achillas toulgoeti Bérenger (new genus record).
Colurostylis castlepointensis, a new shallow-water diastylid (Crustacea: Cumacea) from New Zealand
Authors: GERKEN SARAH , LÖRZ ANNE-NINA 
Published: February 2019

Colurostylis castlepointensis sp. nov. is described from Castle Point, New Zealand. Colurostylis castlepointensis can be differentiated from all known species of Colurostylis by the combination of a smooth anterolateral angle on the carapace, carapace without ridges, uropod peduncles longer than pleonites 5 and 6 together, and uropod exopod longer than endopod. A key to all species of Colurostylis is included
Simulation of Daily Extreme Precipitation over the United States in the CMIP5 30-Yr Decadal Prediction Experiment
Authors: Stegall Steve T. , Kunkel Kenneth E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe CMIP5 decadal hindcast (“Hindcast”) and prediction (“Predict”) experiment simulations from 11 models were analyzed for the United States with respect to two metrics of extreme precipitation: the 10-yr return level of daily precipitation, derived from the annual maximum series of daily precipitation, and the total precipitation exceeding the 99.5th percentile of daily precipitation. Both Hindcast simulations and observations generally show increases for the 1981–2010 historical period. The multimodel-mean Hindcast trends are statistically significant for all regions while the observed trends are statistically significant for the Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions. An analysis of CMIP5 simulations driven by historical natural (“HistoricalNat”) forcings shows that the Hindcast trends are generally within the 5th–95th-percentile range of HistoricalNat trends, but those outside that range are heavily skewed toward exceedances of the 95th-percentile threshold. Future projections for 2006–35 indicate increases in all regions with respect to 1981–2010. While there is good qualitative agreement between the observations and Hindcast simulations regarding the direction of recent trends, the multimodel-mean trends are similar for all regions, while there is considerable regional variability in observed trends. Furthermore, the HistoricalNat simulations suggest that observed historical trends are a combination of natural variability and anthropogenic forcing. Thus, the influence of anthropogenic forcing on the magnitude of near-term future changes could be temporarily masked by natural variability. However, continued observed increases in extreme precipitation in the first decade (2006–15) of the “future” period partially confirm the Predict results, suggesting that incorporation of increases in planning would appear prudent.
Health Care Utilization and Prescribing Patterns for Adult Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , Weinreich Heather M. , Mulder Hillary , Man Li‐Xing , Schulz Kristine , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveEustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) prompts >2 million adult visits in the United States annually. While disease prevalence and health care utilization are established for children, practice patterns for adults remain unknown. Our objective was to determine national resource utilization for adult ETD.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingNational database sample.Subjects and MethodsThe Truven Health MarketScan Databases (2010‐2014) analytic cohort included health care encounters of patients ≥18 years of age with a diagnosis of ETD, otitis media with effusion, or tympanic membrane retraction. Visits associated with recent diagnoses of acute upper respiratory infection, head and neck cancer, or radiation therapy were excluded. Acute ETD (<3 months) and chronic ETD (≥3 months) were subgroups. Medication usage was quantified by class.ResultsETD was diagnosed for 1,298,987 patients, 11% of which was chronic. Over 92% of patients were seen in outpatient clinics, most often by otolaryngology (57%) for chronic ETD and by general medicine (49%) for acute ETD. Medications were frequently utilized, as 530,146 (53.7%) patients received ≥1 prescription. Top prescriptions for chronic ETD included intranasal corticosteroids (22%), antibiotics (22%), oral corticosteroids (13%), and analgesics (6%). The overall annual cost of prescribed medications associated with visits in which either acute or chronic ETD was diagnosed exceeded $8.5 million for a mean of $80.78 per patient who filled a prescription.ConclusionAdult ETD is frequently treated with several medication classes by a variety of provider types. Understanding the potential adverse effects and cost associated with these practices should be a priority.
Survival Impact of Adjuvant Therapy in Salivary Gland Cancers following Resection and Neck Dissection
Authors: Aro Katri , Ho Allen S. , Luu Michael , Kim Sungjin , Tighiouart Mourad , Yoshida Emi J. , Mallen‐St Clair Jon , Shiao Stephen L. , Leivo Ilmo , Zumsteg Zachary S. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and chemotherapy on survival in salivary gland cancer (SGC) treated with curative‐intent local resection and neck dissection.Study DesignRetrospective population‐based cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database.Subjects and MethodsPatients with SGC who were undergoing surgery were identified from the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2013. Neck dissection removing a minimum of 10 lymph nodes was required. Because PORT violated the proportional hazards assumption, this variable was treated as a time‐dependent covariate.ResultsOverall, 4145 cases met inclusion criteria (median follow‐up, 54 months). PORT was associated with improved overall survival in multivariable analysis, both ≤9 months from diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.34; P <. 001) and >9 months (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.86; P <. 001). In propensity score–matched cohorts, 5‐year overall survival was 67.1% and 60.6% with PORT and observation, respectively (P <. 001). Similar results were observed in landmark analysis of patients surviving at least 6 months following diagnosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved survival (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.34; P =. 06).ConclusionPORT, but not chemotherapy, is associated with improved survival among patients with SGC for whom neck dissection was deemed necessary. These results are not applicable to low‐risk SGCs not requiring neck dissection.
The Impact of RVU‐Based Compensation on Patient Safety Outcomes in Outpatient Otolaryngology Procedures
Authors: Stanisce Luke , Ahmad Nadir , Deckard Nathan , Solomon Donald , Spalla Thomas C. , Gaughan John P. , Koshkareva Yekaterina 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the effects an incentive‐based physician compensation model has on safety outcomes related to outpatient otolaryngology surgical procedures.Study DesignA retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database assessing the difference in outpatient surgical volume and postoperative adverse outcomes before and after the implementation of a relative value unit (RVU)–based payment structure.SettingSingle‐center academic otolaryngology practice operating at a hospital‐owned ambulatory surgery center.Subjects and MethodsData prospectively collected from outpatient otolaryngology surgical cases performed at the surgery center from April 2013 to April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Equal pre‐RVU and post‐RVU study periods were calculated for 4 surgeons based on their chronological transition in payment structure (range, 46‐56 months). Case volume and incidence rates of adverse outcomes, including postoperative infections, emergency department visits, unplanned hospital admissions, and returns to the operating room, were compared between the pre‐RVU and post‐RVU study periods at both the surgeon and group levels.ResultsAt the group level, the post‐RVU period was associated with a higher volume of surgical cases (P =. 001). No significant differences were observed in the overall incidence of adverse outcomes (P =. 21) or among the specific rates of postoperative hospitalizations (P =. 39), infections (P =. 45), unplanned returns to the operating room (P = 1.00), or emergency department visits (P =. 39). Comparable results were observed at the individual surgeon level.ConclusionThe implementation of an incentive‐based salary was not associated with a change in the incidence of adverse safety outcomes in the setting of increased outpatient otolaryngology procedures.
La mort de l’enfant, ou la vérité de la littérature : Sarinagara de Philippe Forest
Authors: Saliot Anne-Gaëlle 
Published: February 2019

Résumé Cette étude, en se consacrant au roman Sarinagara (2004), propose une réflexion sur la représentation de la mort de l’enfant et son lien intrinsèque à une pensée de la vérité littéraire dans l’œuvre du romancier et essayiste Philippe Forest. Elle avance l’hypothèse qu’il n’est d’autre expérience dont l’incommensurabilité puisse s’inscrire dans un tel questionnement de la littérature que celle des camps. Elle examine la manière dont Sarinagara entretien un dialogue avec l’œuvre du philosophe Giorgio Agamben, et matérialise le modèle de « l’hétérographie », terme utilisé par Forest pour désigner une tendance de l’autobiographie à se constituer « en une histoire de l’autre ». Elle analyse le protocole de vérité élaboré par Forest qui consiste en l’écriture d’une « forme-de-vie » caractérisée par une approche spécifique de l’image en tant que redoublement. Il s’agit aussi de situer le récit de Forest dans la lignée de Roland Barthes.
Comparison of the effects of buprenorphine and methadone in combination with medetomidine followed by intramuscular alfaxalone for anaesthesia of cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Mahdmina Alaleh , Evans Abigail , Yates David , White Kate L 
Published: February 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the quality of anaesthesia and analgesia between methadone and buprenorphine in combination with medetomidine after induction with intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods Fifty-one female cats (American Society of Anesthesiologists status I–II), with a median age of 12 months (range 2–60 months), weighing a mean ± SD of 2.5 ± 0.5 kg, were recruited to the study. Cats were randomly allocated to receive medetomidine (600 µg/m2) and buprenorphine (180 µg/m2) (group MB) or medetomidine (500 µg/m2) and methadone (5 mg/m2) (group MM) IM. Anaesthesia was induced 15 mins later using alfaxalone (3 mg/kg) IM. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. All cats received meloxicam preoperatively. Quality of premedication and induction and intraoperative physiological parameters were recorded. Atipamezole (50% of medetomidine dose) was administered at the end of surgery. Cats were assessed postoperatively by the same blinded observer using a simple descriptive scale, numeric rating scale, dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) and UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scales, at 10, 20 and 30 mins post-extubation. Parametric and non-parametric data were compared using Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U-tests, respectively. Results Forty-one cats completed the study. No significant differences were detected between groups before or during anaesthesia. No cats required rescue analgesia. DIVAS scores at 10 mins were significantly less in the MM group compared with the MB. No differences between groups at any other time points were detected using the four metrology instruments. Conclusions and relevance Both protocols provided good anaesthesia conditions for ovariohysterectomy in the cat.
Evaluation of targeted bupivacaine for reducing acute postoperative pain in cats undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Fudge James Mack , Page Bernie , Mackrell Amy , Lee Inhyung 
Published: February 2019

Objectives This study sought to determine if bupivacaine targeted at specific, potentially painful sites could enhance postoperative analgesia in routine feline ovariohysterectomies. A secondary objective was to assess the utility of multiple acute pain scales for cats in a high-volume surgery setting. Methods Two hundred and twelve cats were included in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Anesthesia included buprenorphine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine and isoflurane. A ventral midline ovariohysterectomy was performed and cats were administered bupivacaine (2 mg/kg), placebo control (0.9% saline) or sham control (observation only) intraoperatively at the ovarian suspensory ligaments and vessels, uterine body and incisional subcutaneous tissues. Two pain scales were used to assess cats postoperatively. Initially, a multidimensional composite pain scale (MCPS) and a 0–10 numeric pain rating scale (NRS) were used. Subsequently, the MCPS was replaced with a modified Colorado State University Feline Acute Pain Scale (mCSU). Pain scores for the test groups were compared using a one-way ANOVA and a Holm–Bonferroni post hoc analysis when a difference was found ( P <0.05). Results Pain for the bupivacaine group was lower than the control groups at 1 h post-recovery and discharge, attaining significance with higher body weights. The P values were 0.008 and 0.004 for 1 h post-recovery and discharge, respectively. Pain scores between evaluators for the MCPS and NRS correlated poorly with r values for 1 h post-recovery and discharge of −0.08 and 0.22, respectively. Additionally, the MCPS proved difficult to use and time consuming, especially for feral and fractious patients, and was replaced with the mCSU. Conclusions and relevance Targeted bupivacaine reduced early postoperative pain scores following routine feline ovariohysterectomies. The technique used was simple, requiring just over a minute to perform at minimal additional cost. The MCPS was not ideal for use in a high-volume spay setting.
Modeling long-term health outcomes of patients with cystic fibrosis homozygous for F508del-CFTR treated with lumacaftor/ivacaftor
Authors: Rubin Jaime L. , O’Callaghan Lasair , Pelligra Christopher , Konstan Michael W. , Ward Alexandra , Ishak Jack K. , Chandler Conor , Liou Theodore G. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Lumacaftor/ivacaftor combination therapy is efficacious and generally safe for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygous for the F508del-CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation. However, long-term survival benefits of lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) cannot yet be quantified. Simulation models can provide predictions about long-term health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to project long-term health outcomes of LUM/IVA plus standard care (SC) in patients with CF homozygous for F508del-CFTR. Methods: This modeling study was an individual patient simulation in US patients aged ⩾6 years with CF, homozygous for F508del-CFTR. The primary outcome was projected survival among (a) a cohort of patients who ever initiated LUM/IVA, accounting for treatment discontinuations, and (b) a cohort of patients who remain on continuous LUM/IVA. Patient characteristics and model parameters were derived from clinical trials: VX14-809-109, VX13-809-011B, TRAFFIC/TRANSPORT, and PROGRESS; published literature; and the US CF Foundation Patient Registry. Results: Lumacaftor/ivacaftor + SC is expected to increase median survival by 6.1 years versus SC alone, accounting for treatment discontinuations. The incremental median predicted survival versus SC assuming initiation of LUM/IVA at ages 6, 12, 18, and 25 years was 17.7, 12.6, 8.0, and 3.8 years, respectively. Assuming lifetime treatment with LUM/IVA, incremental median survival was predicted to be 7.8 years longer in the LUM/IVA + SC cohort. Initiating LUM/IVA at ages 6, 12, 18, and 25 years and assuming lifetime treatment resulted in incremental median predicted survival of 23.4, 18.2, 11.0, and 4.8 years, respectively. Conclusions: Lumacaftor/ivacaftor is projected to increase survival for patients with CF. Initiation at an early age and treatment persistence result in further increments in projected survival.
Exploring the Effects of Clinical Exam Room Design on Communication, Technology Interaction, and Satisfaction
Authors: Zamani Zahra , Harper Esperanza C. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: This article evaluates the effects of technology integration and design features in clinical exam rooms on examination experiences, communication, and satisfaction. Background: Exam room features can affect the delivery of patient-centered care and enhance the level of communication, which has been shown to directly impact clinical outcomes. Although there has been an increasing body of literature examining design and patient-centered care, little research has evaluated the extent to which information sharing and electronic health record (EHR) interaction are impacted. Method: The research randomly allocated 22 patients, 28 caregivers, and 59 clinicians to simulated clinical encounters in four exam room mock-ups with semi-inclusive, exclusive, and inclusive layouts (128 sessions in 32 scenarios). Video recordings of the simulations were coded for clinician gazing, talking, and EHR-interaction behaviors. Participants also completed surveys and answered open-ended questions after experiencing each scenario ( N = 362). Results: Semi-inclusive rooms with a triangular arrangement of consultation table, sharable screens, exam table, and caregiver chair were highly preferred as they supported conversation, gazing, and information sharing. The inclusive layout had higher durations of EHR interactions and enhanced viewing and sharing of EHR information. However, this layout was criticized for the lack of clinician-shared information. The exclusive layouts impeded information sharing, eye contact, and constrained simultaneous data entry and eye contact for clinicians. The distance and orientation between chair, exam table, curtain, and door were important for protecting patient and family comfort and privacy. Conclusion: Characteristics and configurations of design qualities and strategies have a key role on examination experiences, communication, and satisfaction.