bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotope-geochemical investigation of glacio-nival systems of the Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola mountain massif (Western Mongolia)
Authors: Bantsev D. V. , Ganyushkin D. A. , Ekaykin A. A. , Chistyakov K. V. 
Published: March 2019

Results of investigation of glacio-nival systems made in the Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola mountains (Western Mongolia) are presented in the paper. Average content of δ18О in the Tsagan-Us river water amounts to 17.44‰ that is almost equal to the isotope content in the clear glacier runoff near the edge of the Kozlov Glacier (−17.43‰). It means that the isotope content in water doesn’t significantly change over a distance of 30 km along the Tsagan-Us river. Hence, it appears that for this distance the river has no additional non-glacial feed. The magnitude 17.4±0.1‰ can be considered as the average content of isotopes in the glacio-nival system in the Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola mountain massif. This value can also be the precipitation-weighted average isotope content in the solid precipitations which are accumulated in glaciers of this massif. Seasonal isotope fluctuations are partly preserved in the snow-firn mass in the accumulation area of the Kozlov Glacier. A rate of annual accumulation was estimated by multiplying the apparent thickness (160 cm) of an annual layer into the snow density. According to our observations, it is equal to 800 mm w.e./year during 2013–2014. Accumulation is increased due to the wind and avalanche transportation of snow. During the ablation season, summer and spring snowfalls over the Kozlov Glacier area melt. Thus, it is possible to suppose that the autumn snowfalls play the important role in the accumulation. We may also suppose that the main source of the moisture for the Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola massif is located somewhere in the Inner Asia.
Dynamics of snow cover characteristics exerting influence on stability of the Svalbard permafrost
Authors: Osokin N. I. , Sosnovsky A. V. 
Published: March 2019

Climate variations result in changes of the snow cover characteristics which have a certain influence upon thermal state and stability of permafrost. Analysis of data of meteorological station Barentsburg (Svalbard) and our own observations has revealed small change in the snow cover thickness for the period 1984–2015. At the same time, duration of the snow cover presence has shortened by 8%. In recent years, more than 60% of the snow cover thickness was formed during the early third of the cold season which adversely affects a rate of the ground freezing. Durations of thaws increased from 12 to 22 days, and the rainfall amount decreased during the cold period from 60 to 120 mm. The largest increase in the thaw duration (by a factor of 7) and decrease of the rainfall amount (by a factor of 8) fall on January and February. Summing up of the thaw duration and the rainfall amount for the 5‑year periods demonstrated significant growth of both. It should be noted also that, according to data of the Barentsburg station and our ones, in a few last years, these parameters reached anomalously high values. Appearance of anomalous values of the snow cover thickness as well as of the dates of its onset became more frequent. For the last decade, recurrence of anomalous values of the snow cover thickness increased: one event for 2.4 years before 2000, and one occurrence of anomalous thickness for 1.4 years since 2001. The later onset of snow cover resulted in shortening of duration of its presence. Occurrence of anomalous duration of the snow cover presence was observed once for 4.3 years before 2001, and once for 3.3 years after 2000.
Devdoraki Glacier, Kazbek: history of studies of natural hazards in XIX and the beginning of XXI centuries
Authors: Asoyan D. S. , Rototaeva O. V. 
Published: March 2019

The Devdorak Glacier located on the Eastern slope of Mt. Kazbek is known since the end of the 19th century for its catastrophic ice discharges into the river Terek canyon. The so-called «Kazbek blockages» stopped the river flow, thus leading to formation of a dammed lake. The lake was then broken through by the heavy floods. Evidences of such events are available for 1776, 1785, 1808, 1817, and 1832. Later on, the glacier surges did sometimes occur, but they never reached the river. The blockages interrupted the traffic on the Georgian Military Highway – the basic way across the main ridge of the Caucasus, for long time periods. Investigations of the Devdorak and other Mt. Kazbek glaciers were organized in 1862 and lasted until the end of 19th century. But the scientists could not reach a common consensus in resolving the main issues, i.e. the causes of the «blockages» and possibilities of their soon repetitions. Different hypotheses explaining the ice discharges by either morphology of the glacier and the river valley or by earthquakes were proposed. Some authors insisted on a probability of occurrence of new «blockages». But the mostly widespread opinion was that since all the Kazbek glaciers were in the state of degradation any risk of new «blockages» was absent while this tendency remained. Since the previous disasters, the Devdorak Glacier posed no threat for about two centuries. However in May 2014, a huge downfall of rock and ice suddenly came down on the glacier in its upper zone. As a result a large mass of rock, stones, and mud blocked the Terek river bed again. This event was not related to regime of the glacier itself. Most likely it was a new manifestation of the Mt. Kazbek volcanic activity.
Differences in Parent-Toddler Interactions With Electronic Versus Print Books
Authors: Munzer Tiffany G. , Miller Alison L. , Weeks Heidi M. , Kaciroti Niko , Radesky Jenny 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Previous research has documented less dialogic interaction between parents and preschoolers during electronic-book reading versus print. Parent-toddler interactions around commercially available tablet-based books have not been described. We examined parent-toddler verbal and nonverbal interactions when reading electronic versus print books.

METHODS:
We conducted a videotaped, laboratory-based, counterbalanced study of 37 parent-toddler dyads reading on 3 book formats (enhanced electronic [sound effects and/or animation], basic electronic, and print). We coded verbalizations in 10-second intervals for parents (dialogic, nondialogic, text reading, format related, negative format-related directives, and off task) and children (book related, negative, and off task). Shared positive affect and collaborative book reading were coded on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 = high). Proc Genmod and Proc Mixed analyzed within-subjects variance by book format.

RESULTS:
Parents showed significantly more dialogic (print 11.9; enhanced 6.2 [P &lt; .001]; basic 8.3 [P &lt; .001]), text-reading (print 14.3; enhanced 10.6 [P = .003]; basic 14.4 [P &lt; .001]), off-task (print 2.3; enhanced 1.3 [P = .007]), and total (29.5; enhanced 28.1 [P = .003]; basic 29.3 [P = .005]) verbalizations with print books and fewer format-related verbalizations (print 1.9; enhanced 10.0 [P &lt; .001]; basic 8.3 [P &lt; .001]). Toddlers showed more book-related verbalizations (print 15.0; enhanced 11.5 [P &lt; .001]; basic 12.5 [P = .005]), total verbalizations (print 18.8; enhanced 13.8 [P &lt; .001]; basic 15.3 [P &lt; .001]), and higher collaboration scores (print 3.1; enhanced 2.7 [P = .004]; basic 2.8 [P = .02]) with print-book reading.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parents and toddlers verbalized less with electronic books, and collaboration was lower. Future studies should examine specific aspects of tablet-book design that support parent-child interaction. Pediatricians may wish to continue promoting shared reading of print books, particularly for toddlers and younger children.
Prognostic Value and Association of Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammation for Patients with Gastric Cancer Following Radical Gastrectomy
Authors: Lin Jian-Xian , Lin Jun-Peng , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-bin , Lu Jun , Chen Qi-Yue , Cao Long-long , Lin Mi , Tu Ruhong , Zheng Chao-Hui , Huang Chang-Ming , Li Ping 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative sarcopenia and systemic inflammation for patients with resectable gastric cancer (GC) and develop a novel and powerful prognostic score based on these factors.

Materials and Methods
Patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy between December 2009 and December 2013 were included. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors. A novel prognostic score (SLMR) was developed based on preoperative sarcopenia and the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and its prognostic value was evaluated.

Results
In total, 1,167 patients with resectable GC were included in the study. On multivariate analysis, preoperative sarcopenia and the LMR were shown to be independent prognostic factors (both p &lt; .001). A low LMR was an independent predictor from sarcopenia (p &lt; .001). Based on preoperative sarcopenia and the LMR, we established the SLMR. An elevated SLMR was associated with older age, higher ASA scores, larger tumor size, advanced stages, and vascular invasion (all p &lt; .05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the SLMR was a significant independent predictor (p &lt; .001). We incorporated the SLMR into a prognostic model that included tumor size and TNM stage and generated a nomogram, which accurately predicted 3- and 5-year survival for GC patients.

Conclusion
Preoperative systemic inflammation is significantly associated with sarcopenia. The LMR combined with sarcopenia could enhance prognostication for patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy.

Implications for Practice
Increasing evidence shows that sarcopenia and systemic inflammation are closely associated with the prognosis of malignant tumors, and it is essential for clinicians to understand the relationship and combined prognostic effects of these factors for gastric cancer (GC). Based on a large data set, this study found that preoperative systemic inflammation was significantly associated with sarcopenia in GC, and combining these two predictors could effectively predict the prognosis and complement the prognostic value of the TNM staging system. These findings may lead to the development of new therapeutic avenues to improve cancer outcomes.
Expected professional and personal characteristics of clinical mentors: Differences between physiotherapy and social gerontology students
Authors: Filej Bojana , Žvanut Boštjan , Kaučič Boris Miha 
Published: March 2019

Background: Clinical mentors play an important role in the development of knowledge and the acquisition of competencies of different health professionals. The success of the entire mentoring process also depends on the professional and personal characteristics of the clinical mentor. The purpose of this study was to identify which professional and personal characteristics of clinical mentors are relevant to physiotherapy (PHT) and social gerontology (SG) students.
Methods: The web survey was performed between January 20 and May 15, 2018, using the adapted version of the nursing clinical teacher effectiveness inventory. The final sample consisted of 100 PHT and SG students from one of the Slovenian Universities.
Results: The competencies “explains clearly” (p ˂ 0.001) and “takes responsibility of own actions” (p = 0.023) were statistically significantly more relevant to PHT students than to the SG students. The competencies “explains clearly” (p ˂ 0.001), “demonstrates clinical skill and judgment” (p = 0.033), “takes responsibility of own actions” (p = 0.023), and “is self-critical” (p = 0.023), were statistically significantly more relevant to PHT than to the SG students, while the statements “discusses current development in his/her field” (p = 0.002), “communicates expectations of students” (p = 0.029), “demonstrates empathy” (p = 0.037), “demonstrates enthusiasm” (p = 0.005), and “has a good sense of humor” (p = 0.005) were statistically significantly more relevant to SG students.
Conclusion: The contrast in responses reflects the differences in the nature of both professions: The predominantly instrumental nature of PHT and the predominantly expressive nature of SG.
Association between glycemic control and serum fibrinogen levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Topiwala Moiz , Bahulikar Arun , Beke Nandkumar , Khadke Vrushali , Phalgune Deepak 
Published: March 2019

Background: Poor glycemic control has been reported to be associated with increased vascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. High fibrinogen level has been described as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. High fibrinogen has been suggested to be involved in the excess rate of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 DM. The present study was undertaken to find correlation between glycemic control and plasma fibrinogen level in patients with type 2 DM.Methods: Three hundred ten patients aged ≥30 years of either sex were included in this cross sectional study. Estimation of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum fibrinogen, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was done. Categorical and continuous variables were tested using Chi-Square test/Fisher’s exact test and unpaired ‘t’ test respectively. Pearson’s correlation was used to study correlation between serum fibrinogen levels and HbA1c, Body mass index (BMI), TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and TG.Results: Mean serum fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in DM patients whose HbA1c, LDL cholesterol and TG levels were higher. Correlation between serum fibrinogen was 0.59, and 0.45 with HbA1c, and BMI respectively. Multivariate step-wise regression analysis showed higher HbA1c and higher BMI were the independent and significant predictors of higher serum fibrinogen levels. HbA1c was the stronger predictor of serum fibrinogen than BMI.Conclusions: Fibrinogen levels were independently associated with HbA1c value in patients with type 2 DM.
O voto facultativo no atual estado democrático de direito
Authors: Queiroz Fernanda Dayane dos Santos , Veloso Roberto Carvalho 
Published: March 2019

Resumo: O Brasil é caracterizado por ser um Estado Democrático de Direito, em que os cidadãos se utilizam do instrumento do sufrágio universal, ou seja, do seu direito de votar, para definir, por maioria, quem serão os representantes dos próximos 04 ou até 08 anos. Porém, diante do atual panorama político, em que há problemáticas como corrupção e ausência de uma ideologia do partido para propiciar maior identificação dos eleitores surge o questionamento sobre a possibilidade de estender o voto facultativo e extinguir o voto obrigatório. Para isso, utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, de cunho qualitativo, pretende-se com este artigo realizar breves comentários e análise acerca da implantação do voto facultativo, construindo primeiramente o alicerce que perpassa pelas noções de sufrágio, democracia e do voto, salientando a necessidade de uma ampla conscientização política antes de qualquer alteração em um regime enraizado no âmago cultural brasileiro. Além disso, pretende-se com esse artigo destacar a supremacia do voto, elencar alguns de seus aspectos e, sobretudo, tratar obre o vigor vital que o voto proporciona àqueles sujeitos titulares da soberania no Estado democrático. Por fim, pretende-se demonstrar que, historicamente, o Brasil e suas estruturas não promoveram ao indivíduo o pleno desenvolvimento da personalidade humana. Sendo assim, a (in) viabilidade do voto facultativo possibilitaria o incremento da (des) moralização, sobretudo da possibilidade de manipulação dos setores mais pobres da sociedade brasileira. Esta é a elementar discussão proposta pelo presente artigo.
Fuzzy PID Algorithm-Based External Carbon Controller for Denitrification Process Enhancement in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Gandha Gutama Indra , Nurcipto Dedi 
Published: March 2019

the water scarcity and drought challenge are the current issue that faced by many countries in the world. The water scarcity and drought have disadvantageous impact to agriculture, industry and the environment. Wastewater reuse method has recognized as solution to overcome water scarcity. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a widely known as water replenishment that using wastewater reuse system that integrates microbial decomposition to process the wastewater. The over limit of effluent level leads to degradation of water quality produced by the plant. The denitrification process enhancement is highly recommended to increase the quality of water disposal. The adding of carbon material has recognized as a method to enhance the denitrification process. The rising of operational cost of the plant is the direct effect of the using of carbon addition. The high-performance controller is highly suggested to control the flow of carbon material in order to enhance the denitrification process and optimizing the carbon material usage. The PID controller is widely used in industrial purposes. Due the nonlinearity and complexity of the waste water treatment plant makes the traditional PID unable to work appropriately. The real-time error correction must be performed to minimize the error. It could be achieved by combining Fuzzy controller and traditional PID controller. The Fuzzy-PID controller has been succeeded to reduce the usage of the carbon than PID controller. The implementation of Fuzzy-PID controller is able to save the usage of carbon consumption by 412 kg COD. The nitrogen concentration, aeration energy and pumping energy also decreased by 0.0029 mg N/L,87kWh and 17 kWh.
DEVELOPING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM GAME MEDIA ON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
Authors: Meldianto Efri , Rohmantoro Didik , Januariyansah Sapitri 
Published: March 2019

<p>This study aims to generate a learning media in the form of a game to be used in learning the electrical system and automotive electronics courses. The type of this research is a research and development study. The setting for it is in the mechanical engineering study program at Sriwijaya University. The subject of this research is the learning media which later is developed to be the game media.</p><p>There are three stages on this research. They are planning, developing, and evaluating. The data collection technique is in the form of questionnaire and interview. The survey is used to find the students’ response to the product. Next, the meeting is conducted to probe the problems and deficiencies of the product. Further, the expert validation is also done to find the qualification and validation of the product.</p><p>The results of this study are (1) based on the evaluation, the expert validation, and the individual trial, the learning media is stated as valid for its design and content aspects which later has several revisions based on the suggestion and the comment from the expert and the students. (2) The small group evaluation stage, it gets the questionnaire score for 79.16%, and from the field trials evaluation, it receives the percentage score for 81.24%. Therefore, the developed game media from the researchers can be considered as suitable to be used in the learning process.</p>
Petrophysical Evaluation of Organic Richness and Brittleness of Shale for Unconventional Hydrocarbon Prospecting: A Case Study on Vadaparru Shale, Krishna Godavari Basin, India
Authors: Sahu Arijit , Das Milan Kanti 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Shale has been a major destination for unconventional hydrocarbon resources for its wide stratigraphic coverage as well as high volumetric hydrocarbon potential. Contemporary success in North American shale plays has intrigued operators worldwide in shale exploration. Organic richness has been a key factor to determine the potential of shale as it is proportional to the amount of hydrocarbon likely to be generated and stored in available spaces within the shale. The other important factor in this context is shale brittleness as it indicates how fracable the potential shale is. Attempts are made here by strategically using standard wireline logs in order to evaluate potential of Eocene Vadaparru Shale in Krishna Godavari Basin, India qualitatively and quantitatively.

Methods
The technique used in this study involves identification of organic lean ‘clean shale’ interval and establishing a ‘clean shale’ relation of resistivity as a function of compressional sonic transit time in the study wells, as both the logs respond comparably to shale and its organic content. Using this relation a proxy ‘clean shale’ resistivity log is generated in shale and compared with measured wireline resistivity. A positive separation between calculated and measured resistivity is then assessed as proportionate shale organic richness, owing to the presence of relatively less dense (corresponding to longer sonic transit time) and more resistive organic content. Shale brittleness is predicted from Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio using compressional, shear and Stoneley wave velocities obtained from sonic measurements, assuming transversely isotropic nature of Vadaparru Shale.

Results
The Eocene marine transgressive Vadaparru Shale is a dominant stratigraphy in KG basin as evident from seismics and drilling. Petrophysical analyses in study wells indicated appreciable brittleness within Vadaparru Shale. The organic richness i.e. amount of positive separation between calculated and measured resistivity combined with brittleness quantitatively indicate fair to excellent unconventional potential of Vadaparru Shale. Considerable thickness, Type-II, III kerogen content and geochemical measurements support the study and highlight it as a promising ‘shale reservoir’ destination. In the context of rapidly growing energy demand of India Vadaparru Shale can be considered as serious unconventional player.

Novelty
Overall this study presents quick strategy for shale potential quantification, thus allowing operators to focus spatially in the quest of unconventional hydrocarbon resources.
Cytokine profiling reveals increased serum inflammatory cytokines in idiopathic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Guo Shenchao , Yin Houfa , Zheng Mingjie , Tang Yizhen , Lu Bing , Chen Xinyi , Fu Qiuli , Qin Zhenwei , Lyu Danni , Tang Qiaomei , Zhang Lifang , Ma Jian , Zhang Li , Fang Xiaoyun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: The exact pathogenesis of idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV) remains unclear. Cytokine-mediated inflammation has been thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of ICNV. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum cytokine profiles in patients with ICNV and to explore the relationship between serum cytokine levels and ICNV severity.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 32 ICNV patients and 30 healthy volunteers. Clinical and demographic information was obtained from the medical data platform and the serum was analysed with a multiplex assay to determine the levels of seven cytokines: interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17, basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Results: Serum levels of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, basic FGF, and VEGF were elevated in ICNV patients compared to controls. Serum GM-CSF levels were positively related to central retinal thickness, and serum IL-17 levels were positively related to CNV lesion area.
Conclusion: Serum inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in ICNV patients compared to controls. This suggests that systemic inflammation may play a critical role in the physiopathology of ICNV.