bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment options for partial auricle reconstruction: a prospective study of outcomes and patient satisfaction
Authors: Habiba Nazia U. , Khan Arshad H. , Khurram Mohammed F. , Khan Mohammed Kamran 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To evaluate the various methods and outcomes of post-traumatic partial auricle wound reconstruction, and to review the benefit to the patient's quality of life and their psychological improvement after the operation. Methods: The prospective study included patients who suffered from post-traumatic partial auricular wounds. The defects were repaired using various techniques including simple local cutaneous advancement flaps, tube flaps, cartilage framework using conchal and costal cartilage with local skin flap cover. Results: A total of 18 patients were included, with a male predominance (sex ratio: 7:2), mean age with standard deviation of 31.66 ±9.27 years. Causes included road traffic accident (RTA), assault, human and insect bite and avulsion injuries. Injuries were sustained in the upper third of the auricle (n=8); middle third (n=5), lower third (n=3), and upper two-thirds (n=2). Out of the 18 patients, wound were repaired using post auricular mastoid skin flap (n=7); local superior and inferior chondrocutaneous flap (n=3); costal cartilage as a cartilage framework (n=4), temporoparietal fascia used to cover the costal cartilage graft (n=1), and conchal cartilage as a cartilage framework (n=3). In our study 13/18 patients were ‘highly satisfied’ with the aesthetic outcome, 3/18 were ‘moderately satisfied’, and 2/18 were ‘slightly satisfied’. None were dissatisfied by the postoperative result. In terms of objective assessment, patient outcome in two patients was graded ‘good’ while the outcome of remaining patients (n=16) was graded as ‘excellent’. Conclusions: The use of skin flaps in the post-auricular region and the mastoid region associated with or without cartilage framework yields good cosmetic and functional result. The various techniques used for ear reconstruction yielded 100% satisfactory results in terms of functional outcome as well as boosting the confidence of patients.
Quantitative Mineralogy of Clay-Rich Siliciclastic Landslide Terrain of the Sorrento Peninsula, Italy, Using a Combined XRPD And XRF Approach
Authors: Cesarano M. , Bish D.L. , Cappelletti P. , Cavalcante F. , Belviso C. , Fiore S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuantitative mineralogical analysis of clay-bearing rocks is often a non-trivial problem because clay minerals are characterized by complex structures and are often affected by structural disorder, layer-stacking disorder, and interstratification. In the present study, internal-standard Rietveld X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses were combined with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) chemical analyses for the mineralogical characterization and quantitative analysis of heterogeneous clay-rich sedimentary rocks that are involved in a slow-moving landslide in the Termini-Nerano area, Sorrento Peninsula (Italy), in order to investigate the relationship between the mineralogy of these rocks and landslides. Slow-moving landslides are usually considered to be associated with the more weathered and surficial parts of structurally complex slopes, and mineralogical analysis can help to clarify the degree of weathering of siliciclastic rocks. XRPD quantitative analyses were conducted by combining the Rietveld and internal standard methods in order to calculate the amounts of poorly ordered phyllosilicate clays (considered amorphous phases in Rietveld refinements) by difference from 100%. The vbAffina program was used to refine the amounts of mineral phases determined with XRPD using the element compositions determined by XRF analysis. XRPD analyses indicated that the samples mainly contain several different clay minerals, quartz, mica, and feldspars. Analysis of the clay fraction identified kaolinite, chlorite, and interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) and chlorite-smectite (C-S). The mineralogy of the materials involved in the landslide in comparison with the mineralogy of the “undisturbed” rocks showed that the landslide is located in the weathered realm that overlies an arkosic bedrock. The interstratified I-S and C-S occurred at landslide activity locations and confirmed that areas more susceptible to sliding contained the most weathered parts of the rocks and perhaps represent areas of past and currently active fluid flow.
Personal characteristics of Islamic matrimonial website users in Saudi Arabia: An empirical study
Authors: Bajnaid Ayman , Elareshi Mokhtar 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Engaging in friendships/romantic relationships with the opposite gender in Saudi Arabia is forbidden prior to marriage according to Islam. As a result, Saudis are increasingly turning to unconventional mediums to find a spouse. However, little research has been conducted regarding Saudi courtship (online dating). This study examines the cultural scripts of matrimonial websites, including the impressions users intended to convey when constructing their profiles and the characteristics they sought in potential spouses. A sample of 111 matrimonial personal profiles was content-analysed based on hyper-personal and sexual-strategy theories. Similarities were found between Saudi and western users’ approach to searching for a potential mate on such websites, and social and religious norms were found to affect users’ behaviours and decisions when using such websites. In-depth description of the cultural scripts of Islamic matrimonial websites is provided. Findings are discussed in relation to computer-mediated communication (CMC), which focuses on whether online profile settings allow for the provision of rich information to users about other users (of the opposite sex).
A Priori Error Analysis of a Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for the Magnetic Induction Equation
Authors: Sarkar Tanmay 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We perform the error analysis of a stabilized discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the initial boundary value problem associated with the magnetic induction equations using standard discontinuous Lagrange basis functions.
In order to obtain the quasi-optimal convergence incorporating second-order Runge–Kutta schemes for time discretization, we need a strengthened

4
/
3

{4/3}

-CFL condition (

Δ
⁢
t

∼

h

4
/
3

{\Delta t\sim h^{4/3}}

).
To overcome this unusual restriction on the CFL condition, we consider the explicit third-order Runge–Kutta scheme for time discretization.
We demonstrate the error estimates in

L
2

{L^{2}}

-sense and obtain quasi-optimal convergence for smooth solution in space and time for piecewise polynomials with any degree

l
≥
1

{l\geq 1}

under the standard CFL condition.
On an asymmetric backward heat problem with the space and time-dependent heat source on a disk
Authors: Minh Le Triet , Hoang Pham Quan , Hong Luu Phong 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the backward heat problem (BHP) which is a classical ill-posed problem. Although there are many papers relating to the BHP in many domains, considering this problem in polar coordinates is still scarce. Therefore, we wish to deal with this problem associated with a space and time-dependent heat source in polar coordinates. By modifying the quasi-boundary value method, we propose the stable solution for the problem. Furthermore, under some initial assumptions, we get the Hölder type of error estimates between the exact solution and the approximated solution. Eventually, a numerical experiment is provided to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of our method.
Magnetoencephalography inverse problem in the spheroid geometry
Authors: Karpov Petr I. , Zakharova Tatyana 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The inverse problem of magnetoencephalography is ill-posed and difficult for both analytical and numerical solutions. Additional complications arise from the volume (passive) currents and the associated magnetic fields, which strongly depend on the brain geometry. In this paper, we find approximate analytical solutions for the forward and the inverse problems in the spheroid geometry. We compare the obtained results with the exact solution of the forward problem and deduce that for a wide range of parameters our approximation is valid. The analysis sheds new light on the role of the volume magnetic fields for solving the inverse problem of magnetoencephalography.
Moneylending in Myth and Practice in Twentieth-Century Mexico
Authors: Mottier Nicole 
Published: September 2018

This article demonstrates that ejidatarios sometimes actively sought loans from moneylenders alongside other lenders, such as the Banco Ejidal, as one strategy for managing the uncertainties that shaped their lives. It asserts that moneylenders proved to be very important financial intermediaries for rural borrowers. By explicating how and why they continued existing alongside formal financial intermediaries such as the Banco Ejidal, this article offers a more nuanced way of understanding financial intermediation.
Este artículo demuestra que en ciertas ocasiones los ejidatarios buscaron activamente los servicios de prestamistas–así como de otras entidades de crédito, por ejemplo, el Banco Ejidal–como estrategia para manejar la incertidumbre que caracterizaba sus vidas. El artículo reafirma que los prestamistas resultaron ser intermediarios financieros de gran importancia para los prestatarios rurales. Al explicar cómo y por qué continuaron existiendo estos prestamistas al lado de intermediarios financieros formales como el Banco Ejidal, este artículo contribuye a un entendimiento más matizado sobre la intermediación financiera.
Transgender Adolescent Suicide Behavior
Authors: Toomey Russell B. , Syvertsen Amy K. , Shramko Maura 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Our primary objective was to examine prevalence rates of suicide behavior across 6 gender identity groups: female; male; transgender, male to female; transgender, female to male; transgender, not exclusively male or female; and questioning. Our secondary objective was to examine variability in the associations between key sociodemographic characteristics and suicide behavior across gender identity groups.

METHODS:
Data from the Profiles of Student Life: Attitudes and Behaviors survey (N = 120 617 adolescents; ages 11–19 years) were used to achieve our objectives. Data were collected over a 36-month period: June 2012 to May 2015. A dichotomized self-reported lifetime suicide attempts (never versus ever) measure was used. Prevalence statistics were compared across gender identity groups, as were the associations between sociodemographic characteristics (ie, age, parents’ highest level of education, urbanicity, sexual orientation, and race and/or ethnicity) and suicide behavior.

RESULTS:
Nearly 14% of adolescents reported a previous suicide attempt; disparities by gender identity in suicide attempts were found. Female to male adolescents reported the highest rate of attempted suicide (50.8%), followed by adolescents who identified as not exclusively male or female (41.8%), male to female adolescents (29.9%), questioning adolescents (27.9%), female adolescents (17.6%), and male adolescents (9.8%). Identifying as nonheterosexual exacerbated the risk for all adolescents except for those who did not exclusively identify as male or female (ie, nonbinary). For transgender adolescents, no other sociodemographic characteristic was associated with suicide attempts.

CONCLUSIONS:
Suicide prevention efforts can be enhanced by attending to variability within transgender populations, particularly the heightened risk for female to male and nonbinary transgender adolescents.
GENOMOSYSTEMATICS OF RICKETTSIAE
Authors: Shpynov S. N. , Pozdnichenko N. N. , Gumenyuk A. S. , Skiba A. A. 
Published: September 2018

The definition of the term genome was given by the German botanist G. Winkler almost one hundred years ago in 1920. A genome definition for bacterial (rickettsia) with a single chromosome was recently presented from the perspective of information theory, biology and bioinformatics as the information chain of nucleotides. The systematics of rickettsiae (obligate intracellular microorganisms) is based on a limited number of phenotypic characters. Classifications built on the analysis of genes, fragments of genomes and their concatenations cause discussion. Application of the Formal Order Analysis (FOA, http://foarlab.org) in the study of complete genomes allowed to submit the systematics of representatives of the family Rickettsiaceae. This approach confirmed the existence of typhus group (TG), spotted fever group (SFG), and an «ancestral» group within the genus Rickettsia, and allowed the isolation of the Rickettsia felis group within this genus, located between the «ancestral» group and the SFG and the R. akari group on the border between the SFG group and the genus Orientia. The development of the tools of FOA — «Map of Genes» and «Matrix of Similarity» — helped to conduct an in-depth study of the complete genomes of rickettsia, taking into account the characteristics of their genes and noncoding sequences. Application of these instruments, with the help of the obtained classification, confirmed the notion of ecological features of rickettsia, the structure of nosological forms and the epidemiological patterns of rickettsiosis, and made it possible to assess the virulence of the strains of the two most pathogenic species of rickettsia, R. prowazekii and R. rickettsia. In this work, for the first time, a holistic, consistent and multidimensional observation of a set of closely related bacteria (a family of bacteria) and the manifestations associated with them was carried out. The basis of the developed and herein described systematic approach to the study of bacteria is a new mathematical model — the arrangement of nucleotides in a complete genome and its sensitive unambiguous numerical characteristics. A new methodological approach named genomosystematics and based on mathematical modeling of complete genomes of rickettsiae (bacteria) using FOA. Classification of rickettsiae and rickettsioses obtained with the help of this approach corresponds to ecological, epidemiological and etiological principles. Application of the genomosystematics can serve the goals and objectives of preventive medicine. The publication completes a series of scientific works presenting the methodology of an integrated approach based on the application of mathematical analysis tools in the study of objects and laws of natural science disciplines of biological and medical profile.
DISTURBANCE OF AN APOPTOSIS OF NEUTROPHILS AT A SEPSIS
Authors: Shen X.-F. , Guan W.-X. , Du J.-F. , Puzyryova L. V. 
Published: September 2018

The sepsis represents life-endangering disturbances of functions of the internals caused by a dizregulyation of a macroorganism to the infectious agent and is difficult interaction of pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory processes that not seldom defines the fate of patients. The predetermining factor of a sepsis is the originator. The immunosupression caused by the originator promotes generalization of an infection, and the intensive bacteriemia caused by generalization leads to the accruing endotoxinemia that aggravates immunosupression even more and leads finally to systemic inflammatory reaction — the main and most dangerous implication of a sepsis. The syndrome of systemic inflammation with uncontrollable emission of cytokines is the cornerstone of a sepsis. The pathophysiology of a sepsis begins with impassioned inflammatory reaction which can last several days, and then passes into more lingering immunosupressivny period where the outcome depends on the immune system of the patient. Cellular apoptosis is one of leaders in sepsis immunosupression development. In article mechanisms of disturbance of an apoptosis of neutrophils are described that, undoubtedly, affects weighting of a current of a sepsis and as a result, a failure. Migration of neutrophils under natural conditions includes four various phases which during a sepsis are broken. The mechanisms worsening migration of neutrophils, contributing to the development of a sepsis were investigated in numerous scientific works. Authors of Peking University offered schemes of a way of disturbance of an apoptosis of neutrophils and migration of neutrophils at a sepsis. Despite the extensive accumulated experience on studying of a pathogenesis of septic states, there are no effective and specific remedies of fight from a sepsis now. Perhaps, by prevention of disturbance of the programmed death of a cell the cytokines developed anti-apoptotic, caspase inhibitors will be.
THE PREVALENCE OF HIV RECOMBINANT FORMS IN RUSSIA AND COUNTRIES OF THE CIS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND METAANALYSIS
Authors: Pasechnik O. A. , Blokh A. I. 
Published: September 2018

This review was to aimed to access the prevalence of HIV recombinant forms in Russia and countries of the CIS, which have close social and economic ties. We conducted a search in Russian Science Citation Index and PubMed for a depth of 8 years. We included 22 articles, which contained the results of 35 independent cross-sectional studies, in our review. Meta-analysis of HIV recombinant forms prevalence was conducted in Open Meta-analyst with the use of Der Simonian Laird method, arcsin transformation and correction factor for zero values. Subgroup analysis was used along with meta-regression (by date of collection). Pooled prevalence of HIV recombinant forms was 21.3% (95% CI 16.2–26.5) and was highly heterogeneous. Blood samples from 3,494 HIV patients living in various regions of the Russian Federation and CIS countries — Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Armenia, Georgia — were examined. Among subtypes of HIV-1, the main share was occupied by subtype A — 75.6% (n = 2643), subtype B — 5.5% (n = 193), C — 0.8% (n = 31), G — 0.2% (n = 7), F — 0.14% (n = 5). Among the recombinant forms (n = 616), the fraction of CRF02_ AG was 39.6% (n = 244), CRF02_AG/A was 32.9% (n = 203), CRF63_02A1 was 15.9% (n = 98), CRF03_AB — 5.2% (n = 32), CRF06_cpx — 2.1% (n = 13). Unique recombinant forms were 2.7% (n = 17), including URF63_A1 (2.5%). In Russia, the highest prevalence of recombinant forms of HIV-1 was registered in the Siberian Federal District (33.2% (95% CI 12.2– 54.1), the lowest in the Northwest Federal District — 1.6% (95% CI 0.9–2.3). In the CIS countries, the highest prevalence of recombinant forms of HIV-1 is found in a subgroup of the Central Asian republics — Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan — 51.7% (95% CI 38.5–64.9). The significant upward trend was shown with a meta-regression. Our review is the first such research in Russia and thus is of significant interest, but the result should be applied with caution due to high risk of publication bias as well as significant heterogeneity of our results.
IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN HIV INFECTION
Authors: Boeva E. V. , Belyakov N. A. 
Published: September 2018

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to suppression of HIV replication, contributes to increase in the number of CD4-lymphocytes count and partial restoration or activation of the immune system. The consequence is a reduction of incidence of opportunistic diseases, increase in the duration and quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, in some patients with severe immunosuppression, this may be accompanied by a worsening of the condition and risks of formation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which manifests itself in the development of new or previously treated opportunistic, secondary and exacerbating non- infectious diseases against a virologically effective ART. The frequency of the development of IRIS varies widely, in cases of tuberculosis-associated manifestation it can reach 50%. Risk factors for the development of IRIS are low initial CD4-lymphocyte count and a high load of HIV RNA in the blood, the presence of opportunistic infections during the initiation of ART. Discussed terminology issues, other possible risk factors for the development of the syndrome, regularities of the pathological process are considered. Epidemiological statistics of IRIS, pathogenetic bases, variants of clinical and laboratory manifestations of complications are given. The criteria for diagnosis of the syndrome, as well as the necessary conditions for its occurrence, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the most common opportunistic infections that cause the manifestation of IRIS, the peculiarities and polymorphism of clinical manifestations and the prevention of their occurrence. Currently, there is an increasing incidence of HIV infection in the late stages. Laboratory and clinical differences in the manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and IRIS have been sanctified. In view of the blurring of the diagnostic criteria, in the Russian Federation specialists rarely expose IRIS to clinical or pathological diagnoses, therefore it is rather difficult to trace the frequency of occurrence of this condition. Clinical and laboratory manifestations are systematized, which allows to formulate this diagnosis on the basis of their totality. Prevention of IRIS is the prudent prescription of antiretroviral drugs. It is neces sary to conduct a qualitative and timely diagnosis of concomitant diseases of infectious and non-infectious nature before the initiation of ART and during treatment, the appointment of effective etiotropic therapy for opportunistic and secon dary infections. In order to improve the prognosis of HIV infection, preferably early onset of ART with stable CD4-lym phocyte counts and low HIV RNA levels in the blood.
REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS BY THE POPULATION OF REGULATORY DENDRITIC CELLS
Authors: Rubakova E. I. , Kapina M. A. , Logunova N. N. , Majorov K. B. , Apt A. S. 
Published: September 2018

On the background of a high level of genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis infection (TB), granulomatous reactions in the lung tissue fail to effectively isolate infection foci and rather result in diffuse pathology, confluence of granulomata and formation of necrotic zones. Uncontrolled inflammation severely affect breathing function of the lung. Thus, effective disease control requires a good balance between protective and pathogenic immune responses. Immature regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg) and regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) represent a pool of important cellular regulators of inflammation. Earlier we have demonstrated that stromal lung cells support development of CD11b+CD11clowCD103– DCreg from their bone marrowderived precursors in in vitro cultures. In addition, significantly larger population size and more rapid development of the lung CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells characterize TB- resistant B6 mice compare to their TB-susceptible I/St counterparts. Here, we report that adoptive transfer of DCreg cells into TB-infected I/St mice is capable to enlarge the population of Treg cells in the lungs. This, in turn, attenuates lung pathology, decreases mycobacterial multiplication and diminishes lung infiltration with neutrophils, i.e., selectively restricts the population of cell largely responsible for TB pathogenesis. The key difference in lung pathology between DCreg recipients and control animals was the lack of tissue-destructive foci and necrotic zones in the former group. Meanwhile, the groups of mice did not differ in production of regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) and key inflammatory (IFNγ and IL-6) cytokines by lung cells. The latter result suggests that contact rather than secretory mechanisms underlie moderate attenuation of the TB process in the lungs of mice with an elevated lung Treg level, given that plethora of such mechanisms were described for Treg functioning. Although therapeutic effects were relatively weak, our results indicate that cell therapy approaches are applicable to regulation of lung tissue inflammation during TB course.