bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Copper-Based Pesticides to Control Fungal Diseases of Soybean in Northern Brazil
Authors: Xavier Warlles Domingos , Souza Silva João Vitor de , Guimarães Claudinei Martins , Ferreira Jorge Luís Sousa , Turozi Thiago Albuquerque , Colodel Solano 
Published: March 2019

At level word fungal diseases that affect soybean crop are one of the main causes of low productivity and annual losses may reach 21% of total production. In this context, the objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of copper-based protectors associated with fungicides to control soybean diseases such as: asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), target spot of soybean (Corynespora cassiicola) and cercospora leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii) + frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina) + brown spot (Septoria glycines), which together were considered as late-crop cycle diseases, with impact on grain yield, in the region of Aparecida do Rio Negro – TO, Brazil. Treatments were composed of different rates of copper-based pesticides associated with fungicides like Azimut® (first application), Orkestra® (second application), Ativum® (third application) and Horos® (fourth application) in soybean. Diseases were identified and crop damage evaluations on leaves were performed using LI-COR® portable meter 7 days after the fourth application. At physiological maturity, grain yield was evaluated. Combined rates of fungicides + Unizeb Gold® (1.5 kg ha-1), Difere® (0.5 L ha-1), and NHT® Copper Super at a rate higher than 0.109 L ha-1, were effective to control late crop-cycle diseases in soybean. Associated applications of fungicides + 0.219 L/ha of NHT® Copper Super reduced the severity of Asian soybean rust, target spot of soybean and late crop-cycle diseases with a greater increase in grain yield (4.5 Mg ha-1).
The Effects of the N-hexane Fractions of Heinsia crinita Leaf Extract on Electrolyte Balance and Some Haematological Parameters of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Mgbeje Bob I. A. , Asenye Esuabanga M. , Iwara Iwara A. , Igile Godwin O. 
Published: March 2019

Aim: Crude extracts of Heinsia crinita leaves have been found to have antidiabetic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the n-hexane fraction of Heinsia crinita leaf extract on electrolyte balance and some haematological indices of alloxan-induced diabetic albino Wistar rats.
Methodology: Thirty (30) albino Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 120-180g were shared into five (5) groups of six animals each. Group 1 and 2 served as the normal control (NC) and diabetic control (DC) respectively and received placebo. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were diabetic treated group, and received 500mg/kg bw Metformin, 400mg/kg bw of crude extract (HC-C) and n-hexane fraction (HC-H) of Heinsia crinita respectively.
Results: The HC-H administered group, like the HC-C group, showed reversal of the observed increase in chloride ion (Cl-) and decrease in sodium ion (Na+) levels in DC group to close to those of the NC group and this effect compared well with the metformin–treated group. The HC-H group, unlike the HC-C group, did not show a reversal of the observed diabetic increase in in potassium ion (K+). The WBC count was increased in DC compared to NC. On treatment with HC–C, HC-H and metformin, the WBC count decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all the treated groups compared to DC group. The RBC count was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in DC compared to NC. Similarly, there was a decrease in haemoglobin concentration in the DC group compared to the NC group. These decreases were significantly (p<0.05) reversed towards normal on treatment with HC-C and HC-H. The reversal was comparable to that of the standard drug metformin. Similarly the diabetes induced increase in platelet counts was significantly (P<0.05) reduced towards NC values on treatment with HC-H and HC-C.
Conclusion: The result show that the n-hexane fraction (HC-H), like the crude extract (HC-C), can protect against diabetes induced electrolyte imbalance and haematological disorders.
Simplified procedures for estimation of biological occupational exposure limits
Authors: Kawai Toshio , Sakurai Haruhiko , Ikeda Masayuki 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To simplify the procedures to estimate biological occupational exposure limits (BOELs) by use of the ratio of geometric mean (GM) concentration of un-metabolized organic solvent in urine (U-GM) over GM organic solvent concentration in air (A-GM) (the [U-GM/A-GM] ratio).

Methods
Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) and BOELs were cited from publications from the Japan Society of Occupational Health (JSOH) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Data on [U-GM/A-GM] and the SLOPE of exposure-excretion regression line were collected from published articles (men and women were treated separately). Correlation analysis and paired t test were employed as the method to examine statistical significances.

Results
Significant linear correlation was established between the SLOPE and the [U-GM/A-GM]. Thus, it was considered to be possible to calculate the SLOPE value from the [U-GM/A-GM]. Previously established equation of BOEL = SLOPE × OEL allowed to estimate BOEL values in 22 cases of data sets. The comparison of the estimated BOELs with the existing BOELs (JSOH’s BOELs and ACGIH’s BEIs) in terms of the ratio of [(estimated BOEL)/(existing BOEL)] showed that the ratios for the 22 cases probably distributed log-normally with a GM of 0.85, and the maximum was 5. Therefore, the estimated BOEL may be generally applicable in occupational health when BOEL remains yet to be established. In the worst case, the estimated BOEL may be five times greater than it should be. The recommended procedures for application of estimated BOEL values were described.

Conclusion
Simplified procedures for estimation of BOEL values are proposed.
A multiparametric method to assess the MIM deformable image registration algorithm
Authors: Calusi Silvia , Labanca Giusy , Zani Margherita , Casati Marta , Marrazzo Livia , Noferini Linhsia , Talamonti Cinzia , Fusi Franco , Desideri Isacco , Bonomo Pierluigi , Livi Lorenzo , Pallotta Stefania 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA quantitative evaluation of the performances of the deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm implemented in MIM‐Maestro was performed using multiple similarity indices. Two phantoms, capable of mimicking different anatomical bending and tumor shrinking were built and computed tomography (CT) studies were acquired after applying different deformations. Three different contrast levels between internal structures were artificially created modifying the original CT values of one dataset. DIR algorithm was applied between datasets with increasing deformations and different contrast levels and manually refined with the Reg Refine tool. DIR algorithm ability in reproducing positions, volumes, and shapes of deformed structures was evaluated using similarity indices such as: landmark distances, Dice coefficients, Hausdorff distances, and maximum diameter differences between segmented structures. Similarity indices values worsen with increasing bending and volume difference between reference and target image sets. Registrations between images with low contrast (40 HU) obtain scores lower than those between images with high contrast (970 HU). The use of Reg Refine tool leads generally to an improvement of similarity parameters values, but the advantage is generally less evident for images with low contrast or when structures with large volume differences are involved. The dependence of DIR algorithm on image deformation extent and different contrast levels is well characterized through the combined use of multiple similarity indices.
Influence of affective distractors on working memory capacity in relation to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Mirabolfathi Vida , Moradi Ali Reza , Jobson Laura 
Published: March 2019

SummarySymptoms evoked in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when processing trauma‐relevant material arguably impair higher order cognitive functions. An example is working memory capacity (WMC), which has been shown to be disrupted by affective distractors. However, it is unknown whether this association varies across different types of PTSD symptoms. This study explored the association between WMC performed in affective (relative to neutral) contexts in relation to different symptoms of PTSD (avoidance, re‐experiencing, hyperarousal). Motor vehicle accident survivors with PTSD and without PTSD completed a delayed‐match‐to‐sample task including trauma‐related, neutral, and scrambled distractors in the interval between the presentation of the memoranda and the recognition target. The results showed that there was support for an indirect pathway between PTSD diagnosis and WMC performed in affective (versus neutral) contexts through re‐experiencing and avoidance symptoms. The findings suggest that avoidance symptoms in particular may benefit from interventions directed at improving WMC.
A Highly Transparent Artificial Photonic Nociceptor
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Kim Hong‐Sik , Kim Joondong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA nociceptor is an essential element in the human body, alerting us to potential damage from extremes in temperature, pressure, etc. Realizing nociceptive behavior in an electronics device remains a central issue for researchers, designing neuromorphic devices. This study proposes and demonstrates an all‐oxide‐based highly transparent ultraviolet‐triggered artificial nociceptor, which responds in a very similar way to the human eye. The device shows a high transmittance (>65%) and very low absorbance in the visible region. The current–voltage characteristics show loop opening, which is attributed to the charge trapping/detrapping. Further, the ultraviolet‐stimuli‐induced versatile criteria of a nociceptor such as a threshold, relaxation, allodynia, and hyperalgesia are demonstrated under self‐biased condition, providing an energy‐efficient approach for the neuromorphic device operation. The reported optically controlled features open a new avenue for the development of transparent optoelectronic nociceptors, artificial eyes, and memory storage applications.
Asymmetric 3D Elastic–Plastic Strain‐Modulated Electron Energy Structure in Monolayer Graphene by Laser Shocking
Authors: Motlag Maithilee , Kumar Prashant , Hu Kevin Y. , Jin Shengyu , Li Ji , Shao Jiayi , Yi Xuan , Lin Yen‐Hsiang , Walrath Jenna C. , Tong Lei , Huang Xinyu , Goldman Rachel S. , Ye Lei , Cheng Gary J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGraphene has a great potential to replace silicon in prospective semiconductor industries due to its outstanding electronic and transport properties; nonetheless, its lack of energy bandgap is a substantial limitation for practical applications. To date, straining graphene to break its lattice symmetry is perhaps the most efficient approach toward realizing bandgap tunability in graphene. However, due to the weak lattice deformation induced by uniaxial or in‐plane shear strain, most strained graphene studies have yielded bandgaps <1 eV. In this work, a modulated inhomogeneous local asymmetric elastic–plastic straining is reported that utilizes GPa‐level laser shocking at a high strain rate (dε/dt) ≈ 106–107 s−1, with excellent formability, inducing tunable bandgaps in graphene of up to 2.1 eV, as determined by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. High‐resolution imaging and Raman spectroscopy reveal strain‐induced modifications to the atomic and electronic structure in graphene and first‐principles simulations predict the measured bandgap openings. Laser shock modulation of semimetallic graphene to a semiconducting material with controllable bandgap has the potential to benefit the electronic and optoelectronic industries.
New Strategy to Overcome the Instability That Could Speed up the Commercialization of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Amiri Omid , Rezaee Amir Ehsan , Teymourinia Hakimeh , Salavati‐Niasari Masoud , Guo L. Jay , Baktash Ardashir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCurrent efficiency of perovskite solar cells has reached 23.7%, which is comparable with silicon solar cells. However commercial development is seriously hindered by the instability of the perovskite, especially under moisture conditions. Therefore it is crucial to gain clear understanding of the mechanism of degradation of organic–inorganic perovskite in order to achieve stable perovskite devices. In this paper, the formation and the degradation of perovskite film on different charge transport layers such as a compact TiO2 layer, compact ZnO layer, and ZnO foil, Si nanowires, and porous Si are studied. In addition, density functional theory studies are carried out to better understand the interaction between the perovskite film and substrates. Experimental and theoretical results are combined to draw more reliable conclusion regarding the degradation mechanism. Most notably, the investigations show that the interaction between the iodine (I) atom in the perovskite layer and substrate determine the stability of perovskite cells. As a result, Si has minimum interaction with I atoms and shows maximum stability, while perovskite film degrades on TiO2 film almost immediately.
Integration of Ultrathin Metasurfaces with a Lens for Efficient Polarization Division Multiplexing
Authors: Cong Xuan , Zhang Lei , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Min , Su Hong , Li Irene Ling , Ruan Shuangchen , Liang Huawei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntegration of an ultrathin (≈0.08 λ), flexible bilayer metasurface with a conventional lens is proposed to independently control two orthogonally polarized waves. By judiciously selecting the building blocks of the metasurfaces, several control functionalities are demonstrated such as generating Bessel beams and off‐axis and on‐axis focusing for the cross‐polarized THz waves generated in the polarization conversion resonance. Simultaneously, the lens focuses the copolarized waves normally. Then, THz polarization division multiplexing is achieved, and the total control efficiency is as high as 72–88% in the experiment. Furthermore, the proposed metasurface is fabricated via a cost‐effective standard flexible printed circuit technique, which shows high potential for integration with other functional devices. It is believed that the strategy to integrate metasurfaces with conventional elements will greatly enrich the family of THz functional devices.
Human speech reduces pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) feeding and resting at a Peruvian tourist site, with louder volumes decreasing visibility
Authors: Sheehan Rebecca L. , Papworth Sarah 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough potentially beneficial in terms of raising awareness and conservation funding, tourist visitation of wild primates can have negative impacts on visited groups. Tourism‐generated noise is a relatively understudied facet of ecotourism research, and the effects of tourist‐generated speech on free‐ranging, wild primates has never been explored previously. This study investigates the behavioral responses of 10 groups of pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea) to human speech. Through the use of an experimental playback study using recorded human speech, we show that pygmy marmosets within the Tamshiyacu‐Tahuayo Reserve, Peru, are significantly less visible, and often move completely out of sight after louder playbacks. Although no consistent differences were found in other behaviors with playback duration and volume, playbacks of human speech tended to increase the amount of time individuals were alert and decrease feeding and resting behaviors. Our results demonstrate that human speech can alter the behavior of visited primates, and identifies a decrease in primate visibility within the increasing volume. As all trials in this study took place near a marmoset group's feeding tree, moving out of sight from the visible study area is a particularly energetically costly behavior, and also has a negative effect on visitor enjoyment as it limits the time that they are able to view the target species. This response was not observed (nor was any other consistent behavior change) in control trials where the marmosets were exposed to human presence but not to speech, suggesting that negative tourist impacts can be reduced by encouraging tourists to refrain from speaking in the presence of visited primate groups.
An Auto‐Switchable Dual‐Mode Seawater Energy Extraction System Enabled by Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Wenqian , Zhao Xiaoli , Dang Qi , Li Yucen , Shen Tianyu , Wu Fengchang , Tang Liang , Jiang Hu , Hu Ming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHarvesting energy directly in oceans by electrochemical devices is essential for driving underwater appliances such as underwater vehicles or detectors. Owing to the extreme undersea environment, it is important but difficult to use the devices with both a high energy density and power density simultaneously. Inspired by marine organisms that have switchable energy extraction modes (aerobic respiration for long‐term living or anaerobic respiration to provide instantaneously high output power for fast movement), an auto‐switchable dual‐mode seawater energy extraction system is presented to provide high energy density and power density both by initiatively choosing different solutes in seawater as electron acceptors. With assistance from metal–organic frameworks, this device had a theoretical energy density of 3960 Wh kg−1, and a high practical power density of 100±4 mW cm−2 with exceptional stability and low cost, making practical applications in seawater to be possible.
Vereinfachte Simulation von Zugüberfahrten
Authors: Bigelow Hetty , Hoffmeister Benno , Feldmann Markus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDie Bemessung balkenartiger, einfeldriger Eisenbahnbrücken in WiB‐Bauweise ist maßgeblich an Fragestellungen zur zuverlässigen Abschätzung möglicher Resonanzrisiken gekoppelt. Bekanntlich verhalten sich WiB‐Brücken in der Realität deutlich günstiger als anhand von Berechnungen prognostiziert. In vielen Fällen kann der vereinfachte rechnerische Resonanznachweis gemäß DIN EN 1991‐2 für Überfahrtsgeschwindigkeiten vö ≤ 200 km/h nicht erbracht werden, sodass eine Vielzahl von Zugüberfahrten anhand numerischer Modelle zu simulieren ist. Bei vö > 200 km/h sind immer Simulationsrechnungen erforderlich.Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, wie anhand äquivalenter Einmassensysteme Zugüberfahrten simuliert werden können. Am äquivalenten System werden zunächst vertikale Durchbiegungen und Beschleunigungen in Feldmitte des Ausgangsbalkensystems ermittelt. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich alle bemessungsrelevanten Zustandsgrößen ermitteln. Die signifikante Zeitersparnis im Vergleich zur Berechnung mit einem Balkensystems resultiert daraus, dass die entsprechenden Zustandsgrößen lediglich an relevanten Stellen im System ermittelt werden.In diesem Beitrag werden ideal gelenkig gelagerte Balkensysteme und Balkensysteme mit zusätzlichen Drehfedern an den Auflagern (Abbildung der Einspannwirkung von über die Brückenenden hinauslaufenden Gleisen) in äquivalente Einmassensysteme überführt. Die am äquivalenten System ermittelten Ergebnisse werden durch Vergleichsrechnungen an Balkensystemen verifiziert.
Species differences in metabolism of a new antiepileptic drug candidate, DSP‐0565 [2‐(2′‐fluoro[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)acetamide]
Authors: Yahata Masahiro , Ishii Yuji , Nakagawa Tetsuya , Watanabe Takao , Bando Kiyoko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe metabolism and pharmacokinetics of DSP‐0565 [2‐(2′‐fluoro[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)acetamide], an antiepileptic drug candidate, was investigated in rats, dogs, and humans. In human hepatocytes, [14C]DSP‐0565 was primarily metabolized via amide bond hydrolysis to (2′‐fluoro[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)acetic acid (M8), while in rat and dog hepatocytes, it was primarily metabolized via both hydrolysis to M8 and hydroxylation at the benzene ring or the benzyl site to oxidized metabolites. After single oral administration of [14C]DSP‐0565 to rats and dogs, the major radioactivity fraction was recovered in the urine (71–72% of dose) with a much smaller fraction recovered in feces (23–25% of dose). As primary metabolites in their excreta, M8, oxidized metabolites, and glucuronide of DSP‐0565 were detected. The contribution of metabolic pathways was estimated from metabolite profiles in their excreta: the major metabolic pathway was oxidation (57–62%) and the next highest was the hydrolysis pathway (23–33%). These results suggest that there are marked species differences in the metabolic pathways of DSP‐0565 between humans and animals. Finally, DSP‐0565 human oral clearance (CL/F) was predicted using in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) with/without animal scaling factors (SF, in vivo intrinsic clearance/in vitro intrinsic clearance). The SF improved the underestimation of IVIVE (fold error = 0.22), but the prediction was overestimated (fold error = 2.4–3.3). In contrast, the use of SF for hydrolysis pathway was the most accurate for the prediction (fold error = 1.0–1.4). Our findings suggest that understanding of species differences in metabolic pathways between humans and animals is important for predicting human metabolic clearance when using animal SF.
Synthesis and characterization of cadmium selenide quantum dots doped by europium and investigation of their chemiluminescence properties and antibacterial activities
Authors: Nazari O. , Gouran Orimi P. , Chaichi M.J. , Mohseni M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNanoparticles of cadmium selenide (CdSe) doped with europium, were synthesized as stabilizing agents using thioglycolic acid ligand. This method is based on the enhancing effect of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) doped with europium on chemiluminescence (CL) emission. This emission was generated by mixing CdSe QDs with manganese (II), iron (II) and chrome (II) sulfates as catalysts in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The structural characteristics and morphology of these nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray pattern and dynamic light scattering methods. The CdSe QDs doped with europium were used as the sensitizer in a luminol−hydrogen peroxide CL system. The sensitized CdSe QDs were analyzed for antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive or Gram‐negative bacteria. The results showed that the CdSe QDs are effective against all the studied bacteria, effectiveness was especially higher for Bacillus subtilis.
Simulation of Electrolyte Imbibition in Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Authors: Kunz Philip , Hopp‐Hirschler Manuel , Nieken Ulrich 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe performance of the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) is most crucial for technical processes like chlor‐alkali electrolysis. It is responsible to ensure intimate contact between gaseous reactants, catalyst, and electrolyte. The physically based contact line force model is employed to simulate the electrolyte imbibition into solid microstructures using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Simulations are presented to show key aspects like the effect of heterogeneous solid substrates with different wetting behavior. Finally, the imbibition in a real GDE geometry is studied for given flux or pressure inlet conditions.