bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defects and lithium migration in Li2CuO2
Authors: Kordatos Apostolos , Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Kelaidis Nikolaos , Iyngaran Poobalasuntharam , Chroneos Alexander 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLi2CuO2 is an important candidate material as a cathode in lithium ion batteries. Atomistic simulation methods are used to investigate the defect processes, electronic structure and lithium migration mechanisms in Li2CuO2. Here we show that the lithium energy of migration via the vacancy mechanism is very low, at 0.11 eV. The high lithium Frenkel energy (1.88 eV/defect) prompted the consideration of defect engineering strategies in order to increase the concentration of lithium vacancies that act as vehicles for the vacancy mediated lithium self-diffusion in Li2CuO2. It is shown that aluminium doping will significantly reduce the energy required to form a lithium vacancy from 1.88 eV to 0.97 eV for every aluminium introduced, however, it will also increase the migration energy barrier of lithium in the vicinity of the aluminium dopant to 0.22 eV. Still, the introduction of aluminium is favourable compared to the lithium Frenkel process. Other trivalent dopants considered herein require significantly higher solution energies, whereas their impact on the migration energy barrier was more pronounced. When considering the electronic structure of defective Li2CuO2, the presence of aluminium dopants results in the introduction of electronic states into the energy band gap. Therefore, doping with aluminium is an effective doping strategy to increase the concentration of lithium vacancies, with a minimal impact on the kinetics.
A protocol for culturing environmental strains of the Buruli ulcer agent, Mycobacterium ulcerans
Authors: Zingue Dezemon , Panda Arup , Drancourt Michel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractContaminations and fastidiousness of M. ulcerans may have both hamper isolation of strains from environmental sources. We aimed to optimize decontamination and culture of environmental samples to circumvent both limitations. Three strains of M. ulcerans cultured onto Middlebrook 7H10 at 30 °C for 20 days yielded a significantly higher number of colonies in micro-aerophilic atmosphere compared to ambient atmosphere, 5% CO2 and anaerobic atmosphere. In a second step, we observed that M. ulcerans genome uniquely encoded chitinase, fucosidase and A-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoryl polyprenol A-3-L-rhamnosyl transferase giving M. ulcerans the potential to metabolize chitine, fucose and N-acetyl galactosamine (NAG), respectively. A significant growth-promoting effect of 0.2 mg/mL chitin (p < 0.05), 0.01 mg/mL N-acetyl galactosamine (p < 0.05), 0.01 mg/mL fucose (p < 0.05) was observed with M. ulcerans indicating that NAG alone or combined with fucose and chitin could complement Middlebrook 7H10. Finally, the protocol combining 1% chlorhexidine decontamination with micro-aerophilic incubation on Middlebrook 7H10 medium containing chitin (0.2%), NAG (0.01%) and fucose (0.01%) medium and auto-fluorescence detection of colonies allowed for the isolation of one mycolactone-encoding strain from Thryonomys swinderianus (aulacode) feces specimens collected near the Kossou Dam, Côte d’Ivoire. We propose that incubation of chlorhexidine-decontaminated environmental specimens on Middlebrook 7H10-enriched medium under micro-aerophilic atmosphere at 30 °C may be used for the tentative isolation of M. ulcerans strains from potential environmental sources.
The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG
Authors: Lanza A. F. , Malavolta L. , Benatti S. , Desidera S. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Esposito M. , Figueira P. , Gratton R. , Scandariato G. , Damasso M. , Sozzetti A. , Biazzo K. , Claudi R. U. , Cosentino R. , Covino E. , Maggio A. , Masiero S. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Pagano I. , Piotto G. , Poretti E. , Smareglia R. , Affer L. , Boccato C. , Borsa F. , Boschin W. , Giacobbe P. , Knapic C. , Leto G. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Martinez Fiorenzano A. , Messina S. , Nascimbeni V. , Pedani M. , Rainer M. 
Published: April 2018

Aims. Stellar activity is the ultimate source of radial-velocity (hereinafter RV) noise in the search for Earth-mass planets orbiting late-type main-sequence stars. We analyse the performance of four different indicators and the chromospheric index logR′HKin detecting RV variations induced by stellar activity in 15 slowly rotating (υsini≤ 5 km s−1), weakly active (logR′HK≤ −4.95) solar-like stars observed with the high-resolution spectrograph High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere (HARPS-N).Methods. We consider indicators of the asymmetry of the cross-correlation function (CCF) between the stellar spectrum and the binary weighted line mask used to compute the RV, that is the bisector inverse span (BIS), ΔV, and a new indicatorVasy(mod)together with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the CCF. We present methods to evaluate the uncertainties of the CCF indicators and apply a kernel regression (KR) between the RV, the time, and each of the indicators to study their capability of reproducing the RV variations induced by stellar activity.Results. The considered indicators together with the KR prove to be useful to detect activity-induced RV variations in ~47 ± 18 percent of the stars over a two-year time span when a significance (two-sided p-value) threshold of one percent is adopted. In those cases, KR reduces the standard deviation of the RV time series by a factor of approximately two. The BIS, the FWHM, and the newly introducedVasy(mod)are the best indicators, being useful in 27 ± 13, 13 ± 9, and 13 ± 9 percent of the cases, respectively. The relatively limited performances of the activity indicators are related to the very low activity level andυsiniof the considered stars. For the application of our approach to sun-like stars, a spectral resolution allowingλ/Δλ≥ 105and highly stabilized spectrographs are recommended.
Injuries to Cyclists due to a Dog–Bicycle Interaction
Authors: Yaacoub Alan , Loder Randall 
Published: April 2018

Background Both dogs and bicycles are common in our society and thus a dog–bicycle interaction resulting in an injury to a cyclist is possible. It was the purpose of this study to investigate such injuries.
Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data for the 10-year period from 2006 through 2015 associated with bicycles were accessed. Injuries involving dogs were identified and the mechanism of injury determined. Due to the stratified and weighted nature of the NEISS data, statistical analyses were performed with SUDAAN 10 software (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States). A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results There were 5,184,057 emergency department visits for bicycle-associated injuries; dogs were involved in 35,254 (0.67%) cases. The average age for those involved with a dog was 33.2 years and it was 25.5 years for those in which dogs were not involved. There were more females in the dog group (34.1 vs. 27.6%). Dog involvement increased from ages 0 to 14 years, then decreased until the age of 20 years and then progressively increased. Dog-associated injuries most frequently occurred away from home, involved the knee and distal lower extremity, 49.1% sustaining dog bites. Dog bites were more common in younger individuals. Four injury mechanisms (chased by a dog, hit/collided with a dog, swerved/tried to avoid a dog or riding with a dog) accounted for 97.5% of the injuries. Those chased by a dog were younger, more commonly released from the emergency department, had an injury involving the lower extremity and frequently sustained a bite. The most severe injuries were in those who swerved/tried to avoid a dog or hit a dog.
Conclusions Approximately 1% of injuries to bicyclists are associated with dogs; one-half sustained a bite. Potential/proposed prevention strategies could be educational materials regarding bicycles and dogs to owners, dog restraint, student/parent education and educational materials in waiting rooms of veterinarians, paediatricians, family practice physicians and emergency rooms.
Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*
Authors: Jiang Kai , Asami Tadao 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPlant hormones are small molecules that play versatile roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Classic methodologies, including genetics, analytic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, have contributed to the progress in plant hormone studies. In addition, chemical regulators of plant hormone functions have been important in such studies. Today, synthetic chemicals, including plant growth regulators, are used to study and manipulate biological systems, collectively referred to as chemical biology. Here, we summarize the available chemical regulators and their contributions to plant hormone studies. We also pose questions that remain to be addressed in plant hormone studies and that might be solved with the help of chemical regulators.
Stapedotomy versus stapedectomy
Authors: Pirodda Antonio , Brandolini Cristina 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
Analysis of the differences in inner ear admittance achieved by a large fenestra in comparison with a small fenestra and its effect on bone conduction in stapes surgery.

Materials and methods:
Description of an interesting case of bilateral otosclerosis with an atypical and symmetrical behaviour of bone conduction, treated with a stapedotomy on the right ear some years before, and recently submitted to stapedectomy on the left year.

Results:
Concerning the left side, the first complete audiometry was made 15 days after stapedectomy and confirmed a bone conduction improvement, that subsequently increased until almost to the normality 42 days after surgery. The mean postoperative bone conduction difference was 13 dB considering all frequencies; when considering the frequencies between 500 and 2000 Hz the mean difference raised to 20 dB.

Conclusions:
The reported case, in which the stapedectomy was not scheduled as the first option, but derived from a particular intraoperative situation thus resulting in an almost obligatory choice, permits some interesting conceptual considerations.
Adult experts’ perceptions of telemental health for youth: A Delphi study
Authors: Howard Abigail , Flanagan Mindy , Drouin Michelle , Carpenter Maria , Chen Elizabeth M , Duchovic Catherine , Toscos Tammy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesOur objectives were to measure experts’ opinions and develop consensus via the Delphi process on the barriers, applications, and concerns associated with telemental health (TMH) for youth.Materials and methodsWe delivered 3 online surveys over 2 months in Summer, 2016–2025 adult experts, including adults who experienced youth depression or suicidality, parents of youth with lived experience, and professionals (ie youth mental health researchers, clinicians/staff, or educators). We used the Delphi method to construct Likert and open-ended questions, developing expert consensus over 3 iterative surveys on the barriers and benefits of TMH for youth.ResultsAdult experts identified stigma and knowledge barriers to youth mental health care. Although TMH is perceived as beneficial for screening, education, follow-up, and emotional support, no single delivery method (eg websites or instant messaging) was deemed universally beneficial.DiscussionAdults are the developers, administrators, and gatekeepers of youth mental health care. Although adult experts see potential for TMH to supplement traditional therapy via familiar technologies, there is no consensus on the technologies by which TMH should be delivered. However, there is consensus that family members and friends provide potential pathways to care; thus, an online TMH toolkit for youth would be beneficial for both caretakers and practitioners.ConclusionTelemental health may not overcome barriers for crisis management but adult experts agreed that TMH had potential benefits for youth. Health care organizations should conduct research and provide training and education to youth caretakers and practitioners on potential barriers and benefits of TMH technologies for youth.
The electronic health record as a patient engagement tool: mirroring clinicians’ screen to create a shared mental model
Authors: Asan Onur , Tyszka Jeanne , Crotty Bradley 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveElectronic health records (EHRs) in physician offices can both enhance and detract from the patient experience. Best practices have emerged focusing on screen sharing. We sought to determine if adding a second monitor, mirroring the EHR for patients, would be welcome and useful for patients and clinicians.Materials and MethodsThis mixed-method study was conducted in a general medicine clinic from March to June 2016. Clinicians and patients met in a specially equipped exam room with a patient-facing monitor. Visits were video-recorded to assess time spent viewing the EHR and followed by interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed using established qualitative methods.ResultsEight clinicians and 24 patients participated. Main themes included the second screen serving as a catalyst for patient engagement, augmenting the clinic visit in a meaningful way, improving transparency of the care process and documentation, and providing a substantially different experience for patients than a shared single screen. Concerns and suggestions for improvement were also reported. Quantitative results showed high patient engagement times with the EHR (25% of the visit length) compared to reports in previous studies. The median satisfaction score was 5 out of 5 for patients and 3.3 out of 5 for clinicians.Discussion and ConclusionProviding patient access to the EHRs with this design was linked with several benefits including improved patient engagement, education, transparency, comprehension, and trust. Future studies should explore how best to display information in such screens for patients and identify impact on care, safety, and quality.
Top Questions in Uncomplicated, Non–Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Sutton Jesse D , Sayood Sena , Spivak Emily S 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Infectious Diseases Society of America infection-specific guidelines provide limited guidance on the management of focal infections complicated by secondary bacteremias. We address the following 3 commonly encountered questions and management considerations regarding uncomplicated bacteremia not due to Staphylococcus aureus: the role and choice of oral antibiotics focusing on oral beta-lactams, the shortest effective duration of therapy, and the role of repeat blood cultures.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Intraoperative Seizures During Elective Craniotomy
Authors: Kutteruf Rachel , Yang Jen-Ting , Hecker James G. , Kinney Gregory A. , Furman Michele A. , Sharma Deepak 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Perioperative seizures may affect 1% to 50% of patients undergoing craniotomy and adversely impact outcomes. However, data on intraoperative seizures are limited. This retrospective case-control study investigated the incidence and risk factors for intraoperative seizures during elective supratentorial craniotomy involving evoked potential monitoring.

Materials and Methods:
Patients aged 18 years or above undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy with evoked potential monitoring who experienced intraoperative seizures at our institution between December 2008 and March 2014 were compared with a control group generated using a random number generator. Six controls were used for each case from among the patients who underwent elective supratentorial craniotomy during the same calendar year. Multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression to identify the risk factors for intraoperative seizures.

Results:
Among the 1916 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 45 (2.3%) had intraoperative seizures. The majority of seizures occurred during burr-hole placement or craniotomy, before lesion manipulation. Timing of seizures relative to motor evoked potential runs and stimulus intensity was variable. Significant risk factors for intraoperative seizures were seizure history (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-4.46; P=0.03), diagnosis of brain tumor (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.16-4.19; P=0.02), and temporal craniotomy (OR, 5.18; 95% CI, 2.03-13.25; P=0.001). Intraoperative prophylactic use of phenytoin/fosphenytoin and levetiracetam was protective against seizure (phenytoin/fosphenytoin: OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04-0.35; P<0.001 and levetiracetam: OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17-0.94; P=0.04). Phenytoin/fosphenytoin was more protective than levetiracetam (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-0.99; P=0.048).

Conclusions:
The overall incidence of intraoperative seizures was 2.3%. Independent risk factors for intraoperative seizures were seizure history, diagnosis of intracranial tumor, and temporal craniotomy. Intraoperative prophylactic anticonvulsant use was protective.
Idelalisib in Combination With Rituximab or Bendamustine or Both in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Coutre Steven E. , Flinn Ian W. , de Vos Sven , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Schreeder Marshall T. , Wagner‐Johnson Nina D. , Sharman Jeff P. , Boyd Thomas E. , Fowler Nathan , Dreiling Lyndah , Kim Yeonhee , Mitra Siddhartha , Rai Kanti , Leonard John P. , Furman Richard R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐delta (PI3Kδ) signaling is critical for proliferation, survival, homing, and tissue retention of malignant B cells. Idelalisib, a selective oral inhibitor of PI3Kδ, has shown considerable single‐agent activity in patients with heavily pretreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study evaluated the safety and clinical activity of idelalisib in combination with bendamustine (IB) or rituximab (IR) or both (IBR) in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) CLL. Idelalisib was given continuously at 100 or 150 mg twice daily in combination with rituximab (375 mg/m2 weekly × 8 doses), bendamustine (70 or 90 mg/m2, days 1 and 2 every 4 weeks × 6 cycles) or BR (rituximab, 375 mg/m2 every 4 weeks and bendamustine, 70 mg/m2, days 1 and 2 every 4 weeks × 6 cycles). The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and progression‐free survival (PFS). Fifty‐two patients (median age 64 years) with a median of 3 prior therapies were enrolled. ORR was 84.6% (89.5% IR group, 77.8% IB group, and 86.7% IBR group). The overall median PFS was 25.6 months, and median DOR was 26.6 months. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events (≥10% of patients) were pneumonia (19.2%), diarrhea (13.5%), and febrile neutropenia (17.3%). Idelalisib‐based combination therapy with bendamustine and/or rituximab was highly active, resulting in durable tumor control in patients with heavily pretreated R/R CLL. However, its tolerability profile suggests that these regimens should be used cautiously in this patient population. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01088048.
Presenting Signs and Symptoms of Pericardial Effusions in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Cully Matthew , Buckley Jason R. , Pifko Elysha , Titus Olivia M. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to describe the frequency of the most common presenting signs and symptoms of pericardial effusions, particularly with relation to the size of the effusion. The secondary objective was to review the final etiology of the pericardial effusion in those patients who had presented to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of patients younger than 17 years who presented and were evaluated at the pediatric emergency department and subsequently diagnosed with a pericardial effusion during a period of 10 years.

Results
A total of 23 patients matched the inclusion criteria. The most common symptom was shortness of breath (65%), followed by fever (52%), fatigue (44%), and chest pain (44%). Shortness of breath (60%) and chest pain (60%) were the most frequent symptoms among patients with a small pericardial effusion. Fever (86%), cough (71%), and shortness of breath (71%) were the most frequent symptoms among patients with moderate pericardial effusion. In patients with large pericardial effusions, the most frequent symptoms were shortness of breath (63%) and abdominal pain (63%). Tachycardia (52%) and tachypnea (52%) were the most common abnormal vital signs. The most common etiology was cardiac (44%) and autoimmune disease (26%).

Conclusions
This study suggests that the presence of certain symptoms should be associated with a high index of suspicion for pericardial effusion for the pediatric emergency care physician.
Impact of Patient Age and Histological Type on Radioactive Iodine Avidity of Recurrent Lesions of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Nakanishi Kenichi , Kikumori Toyone , Miyajima Noriyuki , Takano Yuko , Noda Sumiyo , Takeuchi Dai , Iwano Shingo , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2018

Background
Age is a prognostic factor for recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and may be related to radioactive iodine (RAI) nonavidity. Indications for molecular-targeted drugs (MTDs) are currently limited to RAI-refractory DTC. Demonstrating refractoriness to RAI, mainly indicated by RAI nonavidity, may be a barrier to the introduction of MTDs for elderly patients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of age and histological type on the RAI avidity of recurrent lesions of DTC.

Methods
Two hundred fifty-eight patients (189 patients with classic papillary thyroid carcinoma [cPTC], 8 patients with follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 61 patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma), who underwent their first RAI whole-body scanning for recurrent DTC at our institution between 2004 and 2013, were retrospectively studied. Radioactive iodine uptake was determined by visible uptake by metastatic lesion(s) in a diagnostic RAI–whole-body scan.

Results
The prevalence of RAI-avid lung metastases in cPTC indicated a significant, inverse correlation with age (<55 years, 36.2%; ≥55 years, 3%; P < 0.001). By contrast, for follicular thyroid carcinoma, the prevalence of RAI avidity was not influenced by age. Similar tendencies were observed for lymph node metastases.

Conclusions
Radioactive iodine avidity by metastatic lesions of cPTC in elderly patients, especially those older than 55 years, was seldom demonstrated. Adherence to a strategy of restricting MTD administration after confirmation of RAI refractoriness should be revisited for elderly patients. A strategy of omitting RAI treatment should be taken into account when considering age and histological type.
Hepatic Hemangioma on SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Taylor Susan , Francisco Tricia , Munroe Janet A. , Williams Hadyn T. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Extracardiac uptake on SPECT MPI, seen with physiologic radiotracer distribution, benign or malignant neoplasm, infection, inflammation, or granulomatous disease, may confound the accuracy of MPI or lead to unsuspected pathology. A 38-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis had SPECT MPI for renal transplant preoperative risk stratification, showing left anterior descending artery ischemia and an intense extracardiac soft tissue focus adjacent to the diaphragmatic right ventricle concerning for focal infection related to prior coronary or gastric surgeries or tumor. CT revealed focal herniation of liver containing a flash-fill hemangioma into the left hemithorax accounting for this focal uptake.