bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative study exploring the factors influencing physical therapy management of early knee osteoarthritis in Canada
Authors: MacKay Crystal , Hawker Gillian A , Jaglal Susan B 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesIncreasingly, there is emphasis on identifying and initiating treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in the early phases of the disease. This study aimed to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators to managing clients with early knee OA and the contextual factors affecting implementation of care by physical therapists (PTs).DesignQualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews with 33 PTs. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using thematic analysis.SettingCanada.ParticipantsA purposive sample of PTs who managed clients with knee symptoms and/or diagnosed knee OA in community/outpatient settings in three provinces in Canada (Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia).ResultsFactors that affected physical therapy management of early knee OA were identified at four levels: the community, healthcare system, healthcare provider and client level. Some healthcare provider factors acted primarily as enablers of management, such as PTs’ confidence in their ability to manage perceived early knee OA, PTs’ beliefs about consequences of OA and the PT scope of practice. However, the study illuminated a range of modifiable factors that can act as barriers to management. These factors included access to services in the community and healthcare system; healthcare provider factors such as time, access to evidence and physician’s role in referrals and messaging; and client factors related to client characteristics (eg, general health, socioeconomic status), engagement in management and beliefs about OA.ConclusionThese findings provide us with a basis to begin to address specific barriers and to optimise care for early knee OA.
Dealing with dogs that bite
Authors: Coghlan Simon 
Published: November 2018

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Dealing with dogs that bite’, was submitted and is discussed by Simon Coghlan. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.The series is being coordinated by Dr Steven McCulloch, acting director of the Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Winchester. It aims to provide a framework that will help practising veterinarians find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
The qq-bit (I): Central limits with left q-Jordan–Wigner embeddings, monotone interacting Fock space, Azema random variable, probabilistic meaning of q
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Lu Yun-Gang 
Published: November 2018

The [Formula: see text]-bit is the [Formula: see text]-deformation of the [Formula: see text]-bit. It arises canonically from the quantum decomposition of Bernoulli random variables and the [Formula: see text]-parameter has a natural probabilistic and physical interpretation as asymmetry index of the given random variable. The connection between a new type of [Formula: see text]-deformation (generalizing the Hudson–Parthasarathy bosonization technique and different from the usual one) and the Azema martingale was established by Parthasarathy. Inspired by this result, Schürmann first introduced left and right [Formula: see text]-JW-embeddings of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] complex matrices) into the infinite tensor product [Formula: see text], proved central limit theorems (CLT) based on these embeddings in the context of ∗-bi-algebras and constructed a general theory of [Formula: see text]-Levy processes on ∗-bi-algebras. For [Formula: see text], left [Formula: see text]-JW-embeddings define the Jordan–Wigner transformation, used to construct a tensor representation of the Fermi anti-commutation relations (bosonization). For [Formula: see text], they reduce to the usual tensor embeddings that were at the basis of the first quantum CLT due to von Waldenfels. The present paper is the first of a series of four in which we study these theorems in the tensor product context. We prove convergence of the CLT for all [Formula: see text]. The moments of the limit random variable coincide with those found by Parthasarathy in the case [Formula: see text]. We prove that the space where the limit random variable is represented is not the Boson Fock space, as in Parthasarathy, but the monotone Fock space in the case [Formula: see text] and a non-trivial deformation of it for [Formula: see text]. The main analytical tool in the proof is a non-trivial extension of a recently proved multi-dimensional, higher order Cesaro-type theorem. The present paper deals with the standard CLT, i.e. the limit is a single random variable. Paper1 deals with the functional extension of this CLT, leading to a process. In paper2 the left [Formula: see text]-JW–embeddings are replaced by symmetric [Formula: see text]-embeddings. The radical differences between the results of the present paper and those of2 raise the problem to characterize those CLT for which the limit space provides the canonical decomposition of all the underlying classical random variables (see the Introduction, Lemma 4.5 and Sec. 5 of the present paper for the origin of this problem). This problem is solved in the paper3 for CLT associated to states satisfying a generalized Fock property. The states considered in this series have this property.
Development of a mathematical model for gas migration (two-phase flow) in natural and engineered barriers for radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Dagher E. E. , Nguyen T. S. , Infante Sedano J. A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In a deep geological repository (DGR) for the long-term containment of radioactive waste, gases could be generated through a number of processes. If gas production exceeds the containment capacity of the engineered barriers or host rock, these gases could migrate through these barriers and potentially expose people and the environment to radioactivity. Expansive soils, such as bentonite-based materials, are currently the preferred choice of seal materials. Understanding the long-term performance of these seals as barriers against gas migration is an important component in the design and long-term safety assessment of a DGR. This study proposes a hydro-mechanical linear poro-elastic visco-capillary mathematical model for advective-diffusive controlled two-phase flow through a low-permeability expansive soil. It is based on the theoretical framework of poromechanics, incorporates Darcy's Law for both the porewater and poregas, and a modified Bishop's effective stress principle. Using the finite element method (FEM), the model was used to numerically simulate 1D flow through a low-permeability expansive soil. The results were verified against experimental results found in the current literature. Parametric studies were performed to determine the influence on the flow behaviour. Based on the results, the mathematical model looks promising and will be improved to model flow through preferential pathways.
Menstrual cycle phase does not modulate whole body heat loss during exercise in hot, dry conditions
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Dervis Sheila , Poirier Martin P. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: November 2018

Menstrual cycle phase has long been thought to modulate thermoregulatory function. However, information pertaining to the effects of menstrual phase on time-dependent changes in whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange during exercise-induced heat stress and the specific heat load at which menstrual phase modulates whole body heat loss remained unavailable. We therefore used direct calorimetry to continuously assess whole body dry and evaporative exchange in 12 habitually active, non-endurance-trained, eumenorrheic women [21 ± 3 (SD) yr] within the early-follicular, late-follicular, and midluteal menstrual phases during three 30-min bouts of cycling at increasing fixed exercise intensities of 40% (Low), 55% (Moderate), and 70% (High) peak oxygen uptake, each followed by a 15-min recovery, in hot, dry conditions (40°C, 15% relative humidity). This model elicited equivalent rates of metabolic heat production among menstrual phases ( P = 0.80) of ~250 (Low), ~340 (Moderate), and ~430 W (High). However, dry and evaporative heat exchange and the resulting changes in net heat loss (dry ± evaporative heat exchange) were similar among phases (all P > 0.05), with net heat loss averaging 216 ± 43 (Low), 287 ± 63 (Moderate), and 331 ± 75 W (High) across phases. Accordingly, cumulative body heat storage (summation of heat production and loss) across all exercise bouts was similar among phases ( P = 0.55), averaging 464 ± 122 kJ. For some time, menstrual cycle phase has been thought to modulate heat dissipation; however, we show that menstrual cycle phase does not influence the contribution of whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange or the resulting changes in net heat loss or body heat storage, irrespective of the heat load. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Menstrual phase has long been thought to modulate thermoregulatory function in eumenorrheic women during exercise-induced heat stress. Contrary to that perception, we show that when assessed in young, non-endurance-trained women within the early-follicular, late-follicular, and midluteal phases during three incremental exercise-induced heat loads in hot, dry conditions, menstrual phase does not modify whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange or the resulting changes in body heat storage, regardless of the heat load employed.
Effect of acute hypohydration on glycemic regulation in healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Carroll Harriet A. , Templeman Iain , Chen Yung-Chih , Edinburgh Robert M. , Burch Elaine K. , Jewitt Jake T. , Povey Georgie , Robinson Timothy D. , Dooley William L. , Jones Robert , Tsintzas Kostas , Gallo Widet , Melander Olle , Thompson Dylan , James Lewis J. , Johnson Laura , Betts James A. 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of hydration status on glycemic regulation in healthy adults and explore underlying mechanisms. In this randomized crossover trial, 16 healthy adults (8 men, 8 women) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) when hypohydrated and rehydrated after 4 days of pretrial standardization. One day before OGTT, participants were dehydrated for 1 h in a heat tent with subsequent fluid restriction (HYPO) or replacement (RE). The following day, an OGTT was performed with metabolic rate measurements and pre- and post-OGTT muscle biopsies. Peripheral quantitative computer tomography thigh scans were taken before and after intervention to infer changes in cell volume. HYPO (but not RE) induced 1.9% (SD 1.2) body mass loss, 2.9% (SD 2.7) cell volume reduction, and increased urinary hydration markers, serum osmolality, and plasma copeptin concentration (all P ≤ 0.007). Fasted serum glucose [HYPO 5.10 mmol/l (SD 0.42), RE 5.02 mmol/l (SD 0.40); P = 0.327] and insulin [HYPO 27.1 pmol/l (SD 9.7), RE 27.6 pmol/l (SD 9.2); P = 0.809] concentrations were similar between HYPO and RE. Hydration status did not alter the serum glucose ( P = 0.627) or insulin ( P = 0.200) responses during the OGTT. Muscle water content was lower before OGTT after HYPO compared with RE [761 g/kg wet wt (SD 13) vs. 772 g/kg wet wt (SD 18) RE] but similar after OGTT [HYPO 779 g/kg wet wt (SD 15) vs. RE 780 g/kg wet wt (SD 20); time P = 0.011; trial × time P = 0.055]. Resting energy expenditure was similar between hydration states (stable between −1.21 and 5.94 kJ·kg−1·day−1; trial P = 0.904). Overall, despite acute mild hypohydration increasing plasma copeptin concentrations and decreasing fasted cell volume and muscle water, we found no effect on glycemic regulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated for the first time that an acute bout of hypohydration does not impact blood sugar control in healthy adults. Physiological responses to mild hypohydration (<2% body mass loss) caused an elevation in copeptin concentrations similar to that seen in those with diabetes as well as reducing cell volume by ~3%; both of these changes had been hypothesized to cause a higher blood sugar response.
Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on activities of daily living in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Vaes A. W. , Delbressine J. M. L. , Mesquita R. , Goertz Y. M. J. , Janssen D. J. A. , Nakken N. , Franssen F. M. E. , Vanfleteren L. E. G. W. , Wouters E. F. M. , Spruit M. A. 
Published: November 2018

A high proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience problems during the performance of activities of daily living (ADLs). We aimed to determine the effects of a comprehensive 8-wk pulmonary rehabilitation program on the physiologic response to and performance of ADLs in patients with COPD. Before and after pulmonary rehabilitation, 31 patients with COPD [71% men; mean age: 64.2 (SD 8.4) years; mean forced expiratory volume in the first second: 54.6 (SD 19.9) % predicted] performed physical function tests, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and an ADL test consisting of the following: putting on socks, shoes, and vest; stair climbing; washing up four dishes, cups, and saucers; doing groceries and putting away groceries in a cupboard; folding eight towels; and vacuum cleaning for 4 min. Metabolic load, ventilation, and dynamic hyperinflation were assessed using an Oxycon mobile device. In addition, symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue and time to complete ADLs were recorded. After rehabilitation, patients with COPD used a significantly lower proportion of their peak aerobic capacity and ventilation to perform ADLs, accompanied by lower Borg scores for dyspnea and fatigue. Furthermore, patients needed significantly less time to complete ADLs. Dynamic hyperinflation occurred during the performance of ADLs, which did not change following pulmonary rehabilitation. Changes in physical function, including six-min walk distance, constant work rate test, quadriceps muscle strength, and COPM were significantly correlated with change in average total oxygen uptake during the performance of the ADL test. A comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program can improve the physiologic response to and actual performance of ADLs in patients with COPD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A high proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience problems during the performance of activities of daily living (ADLs). This study clearly demonstrated that a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program can improve the performance of ADLs in patients with COPD, indicated by a significantly shorter time to perform ADLs and a lower metabolic load and dyspnea sensation.
Ablation of Cancer Stem Cells by Therapeutic Inhibition of the MDM2–p53 Interaction in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Authors: Andrews April , Warner Kristy , Rodriguez-Ramirez Christie , Pearson Alexander T. , Nör Felipe , Zhang Zhaocheng , Kerk Samuel , Kulkarni Aditi , Helman Joseph I. , Brenner J. Chad , Wicha Max S. , Wang Shaomeng , Nör Jacques E. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Unique cells characterized by multipotency, self-renewal, and high tumorigenic potential have been recently discovered in mucoepidermoid carcinomas. These cells are defined by high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and high CD44 expression (ALDHhighCD44high) and function as cancer stem cells (CSC). It has been recently shown that p53 regulates cell differentiation, suggesting that induction of p53 by therapeutic blockade of the MDM2–p53 interaction may constitute a novel strategy to ablate CSCs. Here, we evaluated the effect of a small-molecule inhibitor of MDM2–p53 interaction (MI-773) on the fraction of CSCs in mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Experimental Design:
Human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells (UM-HMC-1,-3A,-3B) were used to assess the effect of MI-773 on cell survival, cell cycle, fraction of CSCs, and expression of p53, p21, MDM2, and Bmi-1 (key regulator of self-renewal). Mice bearing xenograft tumors generated with these mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells were treated with MI-773 to determine the effect of MDM2-p53 inhibition on CSCs in vivo.

Results:
MDM2 is highly expressed in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma tissues. MI-773 induced expression of p53 and its downstream targets p21 and MDM2, caused G1 cell–cycle arrest, and induced mucoepidermoid carcinoma tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. Importantly, a marked decrease in expression of Bmi-1 and in the fraction of ALDHhighCD44high (CSCs) was caused by MI-773 in vitro and in mice harboring mucoepidermoid carcinoma xenografts.

Conclusions:
Collectively, these data demonstrate that MI-773 reduces the fraction of CSCs, suggesting that patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma might benefit from therapeutic inhibition of the MDM2–p53 interaction.
Association Between Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease and Radiation Exposure in the Atomic Bomb Survivors
Authors: Takahashi Ikuno , Cologne John , Haruta Daisuke , Yamada Michiko , Takahashi Tetsuya , Misumi Munechika , Fujiwara Saeko , Matsumoto Masayasu , Kihara Yasuki , Hida Ayumi , Ohishi Waka 
Published: November 2018

Background

Past reports suggested that total‐body irradiation at 0.5 to 1.0 Gy could be responsible for atherosclerosis. Peripheral artery disease (
PAD
) is a manifestation of systematic atherosclerosis. Whether the consequences of a low‐to‐moderate dose of radiation include increased risk of
PAD
remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between radiation exposure and prevalence of
PAD
among Japanese atomic bomb survivors.

Methods and Results

Radiation exposure from the atomic bombing was assessed in 3476 participants (41.1% men, mean age 74.8 years with SD 6.4 years) with a cross‐sectional survey in 2010 to 2014. Left‐ and right‐side ankle‐brachial indexes and upstroke time (
UT
) were obtained using oscillometric
VP
‐2000.
PAD
was defined as an ankle‐brachial index of 1.0 or less or a prior history related to revascularization.
UT
was considered a sensitive marker of early‐stage
PAD
. Association between radiation exposure and
PAD
or
UT
was assessed using multivariable regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Of 3476 participants, 79 (2.3%) were identified as having prevalent
PAD
. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that radiation dose was unrelated to
PAD
prevalence (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [0.57‐1.21]).
UT
appeared to increase with radiation dose, but the increase was not statistically significant (1.09 ms/Gy; 95% confidence interval [−0.17 to 2.36]).

Conclusions

We found no clear association of radiation dose with
PAD
, but it remains to be determined whether
UT
is associated with radiation dose.
Melting pots and hotspots: genetic variation within Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Harris D. James , Belliure Josabel , Cuervo José Javier 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Identification of high levels of intraspecific genetic variability is common among assessments of reptiles from the Iberian Peninsula, conforming to the “refugia within refugia” hypothesis. Divergent genetic lineages are often found to be allopatric, or with limited contact or hybrid zones; such zones are more widely reported in Northern Europe, leading to the “melting pots not hotspots” hypothesis. However, population level sampling is needed to determine if divergent lineages overlap, something that is often missing in phylogenetic studies. Mitochondrial genetic diversity was assessed within the lacertid lizard Acanthodactylus erythrurus across the Iberian Peninsula. Not only were highly divergent lineages recovered in the southern region, but also considerable admixture of these was identified, particularly in northern populations. This has implications for biogeographic scenarios, with patterns typically identified at a larger scale emerging within a single European southern refugium. It also indicates that divergent mtDNA lineages appear to freely mix, at least within this species, which has taxonomic implications.
Consumption of the eggs, hatchlings, and tadpoles of Green Frogs (Lithobates clamitans) by native and non-native predators
Authors: Smith Geoffrey R. , Rettig Jessica E. , Smyk Mallory , Jones Maggie , Eng-Surowiec Genevieve , Mirshavili Davit , Hollis Jeremy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Predation by native and non-native predators on the eggs, embryos, and early stage tadpoles can affect the recruitment of offspring into a population. We examined the effects of native (Little Brown Mudbugs, Cambarus thomai; overwintered Rana tadpoles; Common Green Darner, Anax junius, larvae) and non-native (Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis) potential predators on the eggs, hatchlings, and early tadpoles of the Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans). The predators had no effect on survivorship or hatching of L. clamitans eggs. However, tadpole survivorship was significantly reduced by dragonfly larvae and crayfish, but not G. affinis or the overwintered ranid tadpoles. Our observation that invertebrates consumed Green Frog tadpoles while vertebrates did not is consistent with palatability contributing to the tadpoles’ susceptibility to different predators. Our results therefore suggest Green Frog tadpoles, but not eggs or embryos, from some populations may be subject to differential predation by invertebrate and vertebrate predators.
Thermal sensitivity of performance of Phymaturus palluma (Liolaemidae) in the highlands of Aconcagua: vulnerability to global warming in the Andes
Authors: Vicenzi Nadia , Kubisch Erika , Ibargüengoytía Nora , Corbalán Valeria 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Ectotherms are especially vulnerable to climate change due to their dependence on environmental thermal conditions to obtain adequate body temperatures for physiological performance. An approach to predict the impact of global warming in ectotherms is quantifying their locomotor sensitivities to temperature across the thermal performance curves (TPCs) owing to the crucial role running plays on most of their activities, like dispersion, reproduction, and foraging. Here, we have examined the relationship between body temperature (Tb) and locomotor performance in juveniles and adults of the high-mountain lizard Phymaturus palluma. We have determined the speed in long (LR) and sprint runs (SR) at five different body temperatures, and their relationship with morphological traits. In addition, we have measured the operative temperatures in the microenvironments used by P. palluma to evaluate their vulnerability to global warming. For this, we have estimated the thermal safety margin and warming tolerance. Phymaturus palluma showed a left-skewed TPCs for LR and SR. The optimal temperature (To) matched the set point of preferred temperatures and the performance breadth was correlated with the variance in Tb registered in the field, as the thermal coadaptation hypothesis predicts. The rising temperatures projected by the study site could represent a threat for the species, because currently P. palluma experiences operative temperatures that include their performance breadth and To. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the species currently exhibit negative thermal safety margins, thus an increase in ambient temperatures will reduce the amount of time in which lizards could achieve an optimal performance.