bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of compact portable ultrasound robot for home healthcare
Authors: Sasaki Yudai , Eura Fumio , Kobayashi Kento , Kondo Ryosuke , Tomita Kyohei , Nishiyama Yu , Tsukihara Hiroyuki , Matumoto Naoki , Koizumi Norihiro 
Published: January 2019

Robotic medical ultrasound can support diagnostics and alleviate fatigues. However, state‐of‐the‐art ultrasound devices are too large and complex for home healthcare. Moreover, organs move in accordance with respiration. This movement changes the ultrasound image pattern and it is difficult for the operator to diagnose easily and accurately. To cope with these problems, the authors newly developed a compact portable ultrasound diagnostic robot for home healthcare, which compensate the organ motion. It can support those who find it difficult to visit a hospital for temporal, spatial, or physical reasons. A robust template matching method to servo the target was applied. Specifically, this robot moves to the target, whose position is detected by finding and identifying the image position of the target in the real‐time input images. The authors also applied a multi‐threading algorithm with two threads to enhance the real‐time performance. One is for image processing with template matching. Another is for robot control to servo the target. Experimental results show that their proposed robot and algorithms can be suppressed to 25.2% motion in pk‐to‐pk for the periodic phantom organ motion (period of 3 s and of pk‐to‐pk 40 mm).
High‐modulation depth modulator based on double‐layer graphene with a low bias voltage
Authors: Dapeng Zhou , Binggang Xiao , Lihua Xiao , Fenglei Guo , Xiumin Wang 
Published: January 2019

An efficient modulation can be obtained by graphene due to its outstanding light‐matter interaction, and many kinds of modulators based on graphene have been studied during the last couple of years. However, there still exist unsolved issues in graphene‐based modulators, such as how to make a balance between modulation depth and modulation bandwidth. This work proposes a reflective modulator with relatively high‐modulation depth and wide working bandwidth. The proposed modulator has a simple five‐layered structure of graphene–silica–graphene–silicon‐metal. They use an effective method of finite element method to simulate the performance of this modulator, and obtain a modulation depth of 96% with a low bias voltage of ∼4 V. Furthermore, they calculate the modulation speed by the equivalent circuit method, and obtain the maximum modulation speed of about 25 kHz and a wide broadband of 72 kHz from theoretical analysis. Therefore, this high‐performance modulator provides an effective method for terahertz communication devices.
Photospheric plasma and magnetic field dynamics during the formation of solar AR 11190
Authors: Campos Rozo J. I. , Utz D. , Vargas Domínguez S. , Veronig A. , Van Doorsselaere T. 
Published: January 2019

Context.The Sun features on its surface typical flow patterns called the granulation, mesogranulation, and supergranulation. These patterns arise due to convective flows transporting energy from the interior of the Sun to its surface. The other well known elements structuring the solar photosphere are magnetic fields arranged from single, isolated, small-scale flux tubes to large and extended regions visible as sunspots and active regions.Aims.In this paper we will shed light on the interaction between the convective flows in large-scale cells as well as the large-scale magnetic fields in active regions, and investigate in detail the statistical distribution of flow velocities during the evolution and formation of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration active region 11190.Methods.To do so, we employed local correlation tracking methods on data obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory in the continuum as well as on processed line-of-sight magnetograms.Results.We find that the flow fields in an active region can be modelled by a two-component distribution. One component is very stable, follows a Rayleigh distribution, and can be assigned to the background flows, whilst the other component is variable in strength and velocity range and can be attributed to the flux emergence visible both in the continuum maps as well as magnetograms. Generally, the plasma flows, as seen by the distribution of the magnitude of the velocity, follow a Rayleigh distribution even through the time of formation of active regions. However, at certain moments of large-scale fast flux emergence, a second component featuring higher velocities is formed in the velocity magnitudes distribution.Conclusions.The plasma flows are generally highly correlated to the motion of magnetic elements and vice versa except during the times of fast magnetic flux emergence as observed by rising magnetic elements. At these times, the magnetic fields are found to move faster than the corresponding plasma.
Asteroseismology of the Hyades red giant and planet host ϵ Tauri
Authors: Arentoft T. , Grundahl F. , White T. R. , Slumstrup D. , Handberg R. , Lund M. N. , Brogaard K. , Andersen M. F. , Silva Aguirre V. , Zhang C. , Chen X. , Yan Z. , Pope B. J. S. , Huber D. , Kjeldsen H. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Jessen-Hansen J. , Antoci V. , Frandsen S. , Bedding T. R. , Pallé P. L. , Garcia R. A. , Deng L. , Hon M. , Stello D. , Jørgensen U. G. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Asteroseismic analysis of solar-like stars allows us to determine physical parameters such as stellar mass, with a higher precision compared to most other methods. Even in a well-studied cluster such as the Hyades, the masses of the red giant stars are not well known, and previous mass estimates are based on model calculations (isochrones). The four known red giants in the Hyades are assumed to be clump (core-helium-burning) stars based on their positions in colour-magnitude diagrams, however asteroseismology offers an opportunity to test this assumption.
Aims. Using asteroseismic techniques combined with other methods, we aim to derive physical parameters and the evolutionary stage for the planet hosting star ϵ Tau, which is one of the four red giants located in the Hyades.
Methods. We analysed time-series data from both ground and space to perform the asteroseismic analysis. By combining high signal-to-noise radial-velocity data from the ground-based SONG network with continuous space-based data from the revised Kepler mission K2, we derive and characterize 27 individual oscillation modes for ϵ Tau, along with global oscillation parameters such as the large frequency separation Δν and the ratio between the amplitude of the oscillations measured in radial velocity and intensity as a function of frequency. The latter has been measured previously for only two stars, the Sun and Procyon. Combining the seismic analysis with interferometric and spectroscopic measurements, we derive physical parameters for ϵ Tau, and discuss its evolutionary status.
Results. Along with other physical parameters, we derive an asteroseismic mass for ϵ Tau of M = 2.458 ± 0.073 M⊙, which is slightly lower than previous estimates, and which leads to a revised minimum mass of the planetary companion. Noting that the SONG and K2 data are non-simultaneous, we estimate the amplitude ratio between intensity and radial velocity to be 42.2 ± 2.3 ppm m−1 s, which is higher than expected from scaling relations.
Splenic Artery Embolization: Endovascular and Percutaneous Trans-splenic Approach
Authors: Banode Pankaj , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Splenic artery embolization is becoming a widely acceptable procedure for nonsurgical management in many clinical settings such as pseudoaneurysms or to salvage splenic functions in portal hypertension, hypersplenism, and secondary prophylaxis in variceal hemorrhage. Various published meta-analyses of splenic artery embolization found an overall success rate of 90% in vascular abnormality.
Methods Retrospective study of all splenic artery embolization procedures in 1 year (January 2017–2018) to analyze various indications, procedure technique, and its modification as well as outcome measurement and complications.
Results Total 16 splenic artery embolization procedures were performed including one case of percutaneous trans-splenic glue embolization in 1-year duration.
Procedure Indication It included pseudoaneurysm (n = 7, 44%); trauma (n = 1, 6%); adjuvant to surgical splenectomy in hypersplenism (n = 3, 18%); secondary prophylaxis in portal hypertension, portosystemic varices with/without reduced platelet counts, or ascites (n = 4, 25%); and Budd-Chiari syndrome (n = 1, 6%). Total 13 (81%) procedures were elective, whereas emergency embolization was performed in 3 (18.7%). Endovascular technical success was 93.7% (n = 15) cases. Percutaneous trans-splenic embolization was performed in one (6%) case in which access to bleeding point was not possible. The embolic agents included combination of metallic coils (n = 14, 87.5%), Gelfoam (n = 6, 37.5%), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles (n = 5, 31%), and cyanoacrylate glue (n = 3, 18.7%). Complication rate was low with development of splenic abscess with infected pyothorax in one (6%) case of hypersplenism requiring pigtail drainage with uneventful full recovery.
Conclusion Splenic artery embolization provides safer nonsurgical options in management of cases such as trauma, hypersplenism, portal hypertension for control of hemorrhage and preservation of splenic function. Endovascular embolization facilitates complete exclusion of pseudoaneurysms in majority with percutaneous splenic embolization using glue or coils as a safer alternative where endovascular access to bleeding vessels is difficult.
Exploring the Diagnostic Efficacy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Thyroid Nodules ≥ 4 cm: Results from a Tertiary Health Care Center in Jharkhand
Authors: Bhardwaj Rajeev , Rana Rishabh Kumar 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Any nodules of the thyroid, ≥ 4 cm, are generally associated with false-negative results for malignancy on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), which generally are confirmed cases of malignancy after histopathologic examinations.
Methods A retrospective hospital-based study was done in which data of patients having thyroid lesions ≥ 4 cm were reviewed. We checked the FNAC and histopathologic examination done on these lesions. Ultrasonography (USG)–guided aspiration records were also assessed. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC for the detection of neoplastic or malignant lesions was determined.
Results A total of 192 patients (57 female) were included in study. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies were categorized as negative for malignancy (n = 183, 63%), suspicious (n = 6, 4%), and malignant (n = 4, 2%). Final pathology of nodule was found to be benign in 157 (81.35%) patients, whereas in 36 (18.65%) patients, nodules were found to be malignant.
Conclusion In this study, we found the malignancy rate of thyroid nodules ≥ 4 cm to be similar to the accepted malignancy rate of smaller thyroid nodules. We missed 32 cases of malignancy on FNAC. Because of high incidence of thyroid malignancy, all nodules ≥ 4 cm must undergo histopathologic examination.
Hydroxyapatite Crystal Deposition Disease of the Shoulder: A Review of Cases and Literature
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy , Kamalasekar Kanagasabai , Abraham Manu Jacob , Alapati Ashok 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHydroxyapatite crystal deposition diseases (HADDs) are characterized by deposition of insoluble crystals within the joints and periarticular soft tissues, initiating inflammatory destructive reaction. Calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA) is the most common type of calcium in human bone and is also the most common pathologic calcification found in the body. There are three phases of the disease: silent, mechanical, and adhesive phases. The shoulder is the most common site of HADD. CHA crystals are non-birefringent in polarized light. Radiographic characteristics include homogenous, amorphous densities without trabeculations that are variable in size, ovoid, triangular, or linear. The first imaging modalities to identify calcific tendinitis (CT) were X-ray and ultrasound, as calcium deposits are readily identifiable on both. Treatment is chiefly conservative, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local heat application, and physiotherapy. Local corticosteroid injections may also be of benefit. When intra-articular, CHA crystals can cause joint destruction such as “ Milwaukee shoulder.” In the acute symptomatic phase of HADD, called acute calcific periarthritis, soft tissue and osseous edema can be present and needs to be differentiated from infection, tumor, and trauma.
Voluntary sustainability standards could significantly reduce detrimental impacts of global agriculture
Authors: Smith W. K. , Nelson E. , Johnson J. A. , Polasky S. , Milder J. C. , Gerber J. S. , West P. C. , Siebert S. , Brauman K. A. , Carlson K. M. , Arbuthnot M. , Rozza J. P. , Pennington D. N. 
Published: January 2019

SignificanceVoluntary sustainability standards (VSS) may be an effective way to reduce the negative impacts of agriculture at regional to global scales. Here, we present an approach that highlights the potential of VSS to reduce some of the negative externalities associated with agriculture production. To illustrate this potential, we show that VSS could reduce the global environmental impacts from growing sugarcane. Further, most of this environmental benefit comes from targeting just 10% of production area. To realize these environmental gains, incentives for VSS adoption need to be sufficient to cover the costs of criteria compliance. Determining these costs and public and private-sector mechanisms for efficiently transferring VSS-adoption subsidies to farmers and millers are key future research needs.
Before and After the Weser Case: Legal Application of the Water Framework Directive Environmental Objectives in Sweden
Authors: Söderasp Johanna , Pettersson Maria 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) prescribes environmental objectives and an adaptive water governance system. This article analyses the Swedish implementation of the WFD through a review of high-profile Swedish court cases regarding the application of the WFD environmental objectives in individual authorisation processes for water operations. The selection of court cases represents both the time before and after the Court of Justice of the European Union’s Weser case in 2015. The results indicate an inertial tendency in the legal application of the WFD environmental objectives in Swedish courts, including a reluctance to fully apply EU law as interpreted by the CJEU. The overall conclusion is that traditional legal certainty aspects often trump flexibility and a high level of environmental protection as desired in the adaptive water governance system of the WFD. This raises questions about judicial preconceptions and the procedural autonomy of the Member States vis-à-vis the ‘effet utile’ of EU law through judicial implementation.
Wireless High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation (10 kHz) Compared with Multiwaveform Low-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Management of Chronic Pain in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Subjects: Preliminary Results of a Multicenter, Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Bolash Robert , Creamer Michael , Rauck Richard , Vahedifar Payam , Calodney Aaron , Fox Ira , Özaktay Cuneyt , Panchal Sunil , Vanquathem Niek , Yasin Mezaun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the wireless Freedom Spinal Cord Stimulator (WSCS) System for the treatment of chronic back and/or leg pain associated with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) refractory to standard medical treatment utilizing 10-kHz stimulation (high-frequency [HF]) in comparison with 10–1,500-Hz stimulation (low-frequency [LF]) waveforms.

Methods
Ninety-nine subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either HF or LF stimulation waveforms utilizing the same Freedom WSCS System. All subjects were implanted with two 8-electrode arrays in the exact same anatomical positions within the dorsal epidural spinal column, with the top electrode positioned at the T8 and T9 vertebrae levels, respectively, and the wireless receiver placed under the skin in a subcutaneous pocket.

Results
Seventy-two (HF: N = 38; LF: N = 34) subjects had completed the six-month follow-up after an initial 30-day trial period at the time of this report. For both the HF and LF arms, mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain decreased significantly: 77% and 76%, respectively, for the HF arm and 64% and 64%, respectively, for the LF arm. In addition, most subjects experienced significant improvements in VAS, Oswestry Disability Index, European Quality of Life 5 Dimension questionnaire, Patient Global Impression of Change, and sleep duration.

Conclusions
These preliminary results demonstrate that WSCS devices can reduce FBSS chronic pain substantially with both LF and HF stimulation waveforms over a seven-month period (30-day trial period and six-month post-trial evaluation).
Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth
Authors: Häkkinen Teemu J. , Susanna Sova S. , Corfe Ian J. , Tjäderhane Leo , Hannukainen Antti , Jernvall Jukka 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe most mineralized tissue of the mammalian body is tooth enamel. Especially in species with thick enamel, three-dimensional (3D) tomography data has shown that the distribution of enamel varies across the occlusal surface of the tooth crown. Differences in enamel thickness among species and within the tooth crown have been used to examine taxonomic affiliations, life history, and functional properties of teeth. Before becoming fully mineralized, enamel matrix is secreted on the top of a dentine template, and it remains to be explored how matrix thickness is spatially regulated. To provide a predictive framework to examine enamel distribution, we introduce a computational model of enamel matrix secretion that maps the dentine topography to the enamel surface topography. Starting from empirical enamel-dentine junctions, enamel matrix deposition is modeled as a diffusion-limited free boundary problem. Using laboratory microCT and synchrotron tomographic data of pig molars that have markedly different dentine and enamel surface topographies, we show how diffusion-limited matrix deposition accounts for both the process of matrix secretion and the final enamel distribution. Simulations reveal how concave and convex dentine features have distinct effects on enamel surface, thereby explaining why the enamel surface is not a straightforward extrapolation of the dentine template. Human molar simulations show that even subtle variation in dentine topography can be mapped to the enamel surface features. Mechanistic models of extracellular matrix deposition can be used to predict occlusal morphologies of teeth.
Microhabitat predicts species differences in exploratory behavior in Lake Malawi cichlids
Authors: Johnson Zachary V. , Moore Emily C. , Wong Ryan Y. , Godwin John R. , Streelman Jeffrey T. , Roberts Reade B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEncountering and adaptively responding to unfamiliar or novel stimuli is a fundamental challenge facing animals and is linked to fitness. Behavioral responses to novel stimuli, or exploratory behavior, can differ strongly between closely related species; however, the ecological and evolutionary factors underlying these differences are not well understood, in part because most comparative investigations have focused on only two species. In this study, we investigate exploratory behavior across 23 species in a previously untested vertebrate system, Lake Malawi cichlid fishes, which comprises hundreds of phenotypically diverse species that have diverged in the past one million years. We investigate behavioral variation across species, across microhabitats, and across environmental contexts. We find strong species differences in behavior that are associated with microhabitat, demonstrate that intermediate microhabitats are associated with higher levels of exploratory behavior, show that patterns of behavioral covariation across contexts are characteristic of modular complex traits, and contrast Malawi cichlid data with behavioral data from selectively bred high-and low-exploratory zebrafish. Taken together, our results tie ecology to species differences in behavior, and highlight Lake Malawi cichlids as a powerful system for understanding the evolution, ecology, and biology of natural behavioral variation.HighlightsMalawi cichlids exhibit high phenotypic variance in exploratory behaviorsSpecies differences in exploratory behavior are explained by microhabitatRock-dwelling species exhibit strong edge preferences across assaysIntermediate habitats are associated with “high exploratory” open field behaviorPatterns of behavioral covariance across contexts are modular in Malawi cichlids
The niche is not the range: Dispersal and persistence shape mismatches between ecological niches and geographic distributions of plants
Authors: Pagel Jörn , Treurnicht Martina , Bond William J. , Kraaij Tineke , Nottebrock Henning , Schutte-Vlok AnneLise , Tonnabel Jeanne , Esler Karen J. , Schurr Frank M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe ecological niche of a species describes the variation in population growth rates along environmental gradients that drives geographic range dynamics. Niches are thus central for understanding and forecasting species’ geographic distributions. However, theory predicts that migration limitation, source-sink dynamics and time-lagged local extinction can cause mismatches between niches and geographic distributions. It is still unclear how relevant these niche-distribution mismatches are for biodiversity dynamics and how they depend on species life history traits. This is mainly due to a lack of the comprehensive, range-wide demographic data needed to directly infer ecological niches for multiple species. Here we quantify niches from extensive demographic measurements along environmental gradients across the geographic ranges of 26 plant species (Proteaceae; South Africa). We then test whether life history explains variation in species’ niches and niche-distribution mismatches. Niches are generally wider for species with high seed dispersal or persistence abilities. Life history traits also explain the considerable interspecific variation in niche-distribution mismatches: poorer dispersers are absent from larger parts of their potential geographic ranges, whereas species with higher persistence ability more frequently occupy environments outside their ecological niche. Our study thus identifies major demographic and functional determinants of species’ niches and geographic distributions. It highlights that the inference of ecological niches from geographical distributions is most problematic for poorly dispersed and highly persistent species. We conclude that the direct quantification of ecological niches from demographic responses to environmental variation is a crucial step towards a better predictive understanding of biodiversity dynamics under environmental change.