bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermia therapy monitoring with guidance of B-Mode ultrasound: Study on rat breast tumor tissue
Authors: Che Aziz Maizatul Nadwa , Mohamad Salim Maheza Irna , Abd Manaf Noraida , Abd Wahab Asnida , Wee Lai Khin , Chai Hum Yan 
Published: April 2018

Local hyperthermia treatment for cáncer therapy has shown increasing interest in conjunction to the other existence treatment as such chemotherapy, clinical surgery and radiation. B-Mode ultrasound have shown great potential for local hyperthermia, as it is nonionizing, convenient, and has relatively simple signal processing and it offers good spatial resolution.The aim of this study is to compare the most optimum B-Mode ultrasound parameters in normal and pathological tissue. The subjects were dissected and exposed to hyperthermia at 37◦C, 40◦C, 45◦C, 50◦C and 55◦C. Result shows, for mean grey scale in normal and pathological tissue, 37◦C and 40◦C was optimum temperature with correspond values of 188.08 and 199.26 meanwhile for pixel deviation analysis, at 45◦C and 55◦C the best temperature is observed in both tissue with pixel deviation of 57.27 and 57.25. Additionally, it is proven with accuracy of testing to validation data using Artificial Neural Network, ANN, about 88.89% and 81.25% was achieved.
Effectiveness of vibratory stimulation on needle-related procedural pain in children: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ueki Shingo , Yamagami Yuki , Makimoto Kiyoko 
Published: April 2018

Review question/objective:The objective of this systematic review is to identify, evaluate and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of vibratory stimulation to reduce needle-related procedural pain in children aged 18 years and under.The review will address the following question: Is vibratory stimulation effective in reducing needle-related procedural pain in children aged 18 years and under, in comparison with no stimulation for needle-related procedures?
The concept of child-centered care in healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ford Karen , Campbell Steven , Carter Bernie , Earwaker Louise 
Published: April 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and evaluate the concept of child-centered care (CCC) in healthcare in order to achieve greater clarity on the concept and its applicability, benefits and potential to inform the evidence base of children's health care, policy and practice.
The questions of this review are:What constitutes the concept of CCC in healthcare?How has the concept developed?What is the applicability of CCC and what are its limitations?How does the concept of CCC benefit and inform children's healthcare?
Effectiveness of phosphate binders in adult patients with end stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Gasu Vivian , Ashong Mary , Seferi Arta , Fitzpatrick Aileen 
Published: April 2018

Review question:
The question of this review is what is the effectiveness of the use of phosphate binders on mortality and serum levels of phosphorus, calcium and intact parathyroid hormone in adult patients with end stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis?
Preventative interventions, protocols or guidelines for trauma patients at risk for cervical collar-related pressure ulcers: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lacey Lanise , Walker Jean 
Published: April 2018

Review objective/question
The objective of this review is to explore the existing literature related to preventative interventions, protocols or guidelines for trauma patients at risk for cervical collar-related pressure ulcers, examine and conceptually map the evidence, and identify any gaps in the literature.
Specifically the review questions are:What preventative interventions, protocols or guidelines are being utilized in trauma patients at risk for cervical collar-related pressure ulcers?What outcomes are reported with these preventative interventions, protocols or guidelines?
Extremal functions for the Moser–Trudinger inequality of Adimurthi–Druet type in W1,N(ℝN)
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoang 
Published: April 2018

We study the existence and nonexistence of maximizers for variational problem concerning the Moser–Trudinger inequality of Adimurthi–Druet type in [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] both in the subcritical case [Formula: see text] and critical case [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denotes the surface area of the unit sphere in [Formula: see text]. We will show that MT[Formula: see text] is attained in the subcritical case if [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] being the best constant in a Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality in [Formula: see text]. We also show that MT[Formula: see text] is not attained for [Formula: see text] small which is different from the context of bounded domains. In the critical case, we prove that MT[Formula: see text] is attained for [Formula: see text] small enough. To prove our results, we first establish a lower bound for MT[Formula: see text] which excludes the concentrating or vanishing behaviors of their maximizer sequences. This implies the attainability of MT[Formula: see text] in the subcritical case. The proof in the critical case is based on the blow-up analysis method. Finally, by using the Moser sequence together with the scaling argument, we show that MT[Formula: see text]. Our results settle the questions left open in [J. M. do Ó and M. de Souza, A sharp inequality of Trudinger–Moser type and extremal functions in [Formula: see text], J. Differential Equations 258 (2015) 4062–4101; Trudinger–Moser inequality on the whole plane and extremal functions, Commun. Contemp. Math. 18 (2016) 32 pp.].
Selenoprotein P Promotes the Development of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Kikuchi Nobuhiro , Satoh Kimio , Kurosawa Ryo , Yaoita Nobuhiro , Elias-Al-Mamun Md. , Siddique Mohammad Abdul Hai , Omura Junichi , Satoh Taijyu , Nogi Masamichi , Sunamura Shinichiro , Miyata Satoshi , Saito Yoshiro , Hoshikawa Yasushi , Okada Yoshinori , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Excessive proliferation and apoptosis resistance of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are key mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite the multiple combination therapy, a considerable number of patients develop severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) because of the lack of diagnostic biomarker and antiproliferative therapies for PASMCs.

Methods:
Microarray analyses were used to identify a novel therapeutic target for PAH. In vitro experiments, including lung and serum samples from patients with PAH, cultured PAH-PASMCs, and high-throughput screening of 3336 low-molecular-weight compounds, were used for mechanistic study and exploring a novel therapeutic agent. Five genetically modified mouse strains, including PASMC-specific selenoprotein P (SeP) knockout mice and PH model rats, were used to study the role of SeP and therapeutic capacity of the compounds for the development of PH in vivo.

Results:

Microarray analysis revealed a 32-fold increase in SeP in PAH-PASMCs compared with control PASMCs. SeP is a widely expressed extracellular protein maintaining cellular metabolism. Immunoreactivity of SeP was enhanced in the thickened media of pulmonary arteries in PAH. Serum SeP levels were also elevated in patients with PH compared with controls, and high serum SeP predicted poor outcome. SeP-knockout mice (

SeP
–/–

) exposed to chronic hypoxia showed significantly reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary artery remodeling compared with controls. In contrast, systemic SeP-overexpressing mice showed exacerbation of hypoxia-induced PH. Furthermore, PASMC-specific

SeP
–/–

mice showed reduced hypoxia-induced PH compared with controls, whereas neither liver-specific SeP knockout nor liver-specific SeP-overexpressing mice showed significant differences with controls. Altogether, protein levels of SeP in the lungs were associated with the development of PH. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that SeP promotes PASMC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis through increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which were associated with activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and dysregulated glutathione metabolism. It is important to note that the high-throughput screening of 3336 compounds identified that sanguinarine, a plant alkaloid with antiproliferative effects, reduced SeP expression and proliferation in PASMCs and ameliorated PH in mice and rats.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that SeP promotes the development of PH, suggesting that it is a novel biomarker and therapeutic target of the disorder.
Association of “Elevated Blood Pressure” and “Stage 1 Hypertension” With Cardiovascular Mortality Among an Asian Population
Authors: Talaei Mohammad , Hosseini Naeimeh , Koh Angela S. , Yuan Jian‐Min , Koh Woon‐Puay 
Published: April 2018

Background
The new American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association high blood pressure (BP) guidelines in the United States have lowered definition of hypertension by defining normal as systolic/diastolic BP <120/80 mm Hg; elevated BP as systolic between 120 and 129 mm Hg and diastolic <80 mm Hg; and stage 1 hypertension as systolic between 130 and 139 mm Hg or diastolic between 80 and 89 mm Hg.

Methods and Results
We investigated the association between the new hypertension definition and cardiovascular disease mortality among Chinese in Singapore. We used data from 30 636 participants of a population‐based cohort, the SCHS (Singapore Chinese Health Study), who had BPs measured using a standard protocol at ages 46 to 85 years between 1994 and 2005. Information on lifestyle factors was collected at recruitment (1993–1998) and follow‐up 1 interviews (1999 and 2004). Mortality was identified via nationwide registry linkage up to December 31, 2016. Neither elevated BP (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.07) nor stage 1 hypertension (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–1.11) was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with normal BP in the whole cohort. Stage 1 hypertension was associated with increased cardiovascular risk only in those <65 years of age and without a history of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.94), but not in those ≥65 years of age or with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the newly defined stage 1 hypertension may not be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality across all ages among Chinese in Singapore, but that the at‐risk subpopulation is limited to those <65 years of age and without a prior cardiovascular disease.
Impact of Smoking on Clinical Outcome and Recanalization After Intravenous Thrombolysis for Stroke
Authors: Kurmann Rebekka , Engelter Stefan T. , Michel Patrik , Luft Andreas R. , Wegener Susanne , Branscheidt Meret , Eskioglou Elissavet , Sirimarco Gaia , Lyrer Philippe A. , Gensicke Henrik , Horvath Thomas , Fischer Urs , Arnold Marcel , Sarikaya Hakan 
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose—
The impact of smoking on prognosis after stroke is controversial. We aimed to assess the relationship between smoking status and stroke outcome after intravenous thrombolysis in a large cohort study by adjusting for potential confounders and incorporating recanalization rates.

Methods—
In a prospective observational multicenter study, we analyzed baseline and outcome data of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Using uni- and multivariable modeling, we assessed whether smoking was associated with favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1) and mortality. In addition, we also measured the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and recanalization of middle cerebral artery. Patients reporting active cigarette use were classified as smokers.

Results—

Of 1865 patients, 19.8% were smokers (n=369). They were younger (mean 63.5 versus 71.3 years), less often women (56% versus 72.1%), and suffered less often from hypertension (61.3% versus 70.1%) and atrial fibrillation (22.7% versus 35.6%) when compared with nonsmokers. Favorable outcome and 3-month mortality were in favor of smokers in unadjusted analyses (45.8% versus 39.5% and 9.3% versus 15.8%, respectively), whereas symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was comparable in both cohorts. Smoking was not associated with clinical outcome and mortality after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–1.61;
P
=0.197 and odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.68–1.71;
P
=0.755, respectively). However, smoking still independently predicted recanalization of middle cerebral artery in multivariable analyses (odds ratio, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–6.43;
P
=0.028).

Conclusions—
Our study suggests that good outcome in smokers is mainly related to differences in baseline characteristics and not to biological effects of smoking. The higher recanalization rates in smokers, however, call for further studies.
Time’s Speech in The Winter’s Tale: How the Past Can Be Undying
Authors: Turner Frederick 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The speech of Time in Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale is here closely analyzed as the poet’s statement of his philosophy of time. The play’s breach of Aristotle’s unity of time—the play at this point lets pass sixteen years—introduces several other breaches of received wisdom about time. Shakespeare rejects the view of time the destroyer in his sonnets, replacing it with a view of time that combines time as judge, as that which tries or tests, as maker of lawfulness and laws, as gardener and agent of growth, and as emergent consciousness. An early feminist work, the play sees the creative function of time as characteristic of female ethics and action. Most radically, time is constitutively recursive in its nature, not a simple dimension, radically unpredictable yet retrodictable once an event has occurred. Nothing is lost, though the past itself grows in meaning as new time accumulates upon it.
The Non-Urgency of Animation or How to Jump Out of a Vehicle in Motion
Authors: Garcia-Moreno José 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the last decade, we have noted increasing interest in animation from students diagnosed with autism. This article depicts the particular case of the Animation Department at Loyola Marymount University, where college students diagnosed with autistic syndrome disorder (asd) talk about patience, focus, and collaboration, and voice their opinions about their attraction to animation and how it has played an important role in their lives.
The tragedy of becoming tired of living: Youth and young adults’ suicide in Greenland and Denmark
Authors: Bolliger Larissa , Gulis Gabriel 
Published: April 2018

Background: Suicide is a tremendous public health issue and worldwide the second leading cause of death among young people. In 2015, Greenland had the highest burden of disease due to self-harm with loss of 2,952.97 disability-adjusted life years per 100,000 inhabitants, more than six times as many as Denmark. Aims: What are possible reasons for Greenland’s higher youth suicide rate compared to Denmark, despite being one kingdom of Denmark? Method: Mixed methods in the form of qualitative, semi-structured interviews, the analysis of available data for 2003–2016 and a literature review were conducted with the aim to answer this question. Results: Several exposures cause this difference, most significantly adverse effects of the colonial past, such as social issues and experienced traumas in Greenland compared to its former coloniser Denmark. Conclusion: The ongoing burden of youth suicide in Greenland requires enhanced actions of all stakeholders involved in suicide prevention, intervention and postvention.
Gelatinolytic activity of autocrine matrix metalloproteinase-9 leads to endothelial de-arrangement in Moyamoya disease
Authors: Blecharz-Lang Kinga G , Prinz Vincent , Burek Małgorzata , Frey Dietmar , Schenkel Tobias , Krug Susanne M , Fromm Michael , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: April 2018

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disorder. Mechanisms driving the formation of aberrant MMD vessels remain elusive. We collected serum and vessel specimens from MMD and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) patients serving as controls due to the same hypoxic stimulus but substantial differences in terms of vascular features. Based on patient material and an in vitro model mimicking ACVD and MMD conditions, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were tested for their potential involvement in cerebrovascular disintegration. While serum concentration of both molecules did not significantly differ in both patient groups, excessive collagenase activity and lowered collagen IV protein amount in MMD vessels pointed to a focal MMP-9 activity at the affected vessel sites. We observed overexpressed and autocrinely secreted MMP-9 and VEGF along with disturbances of EC–matrix interactions in MMD but not ACVD serum-treated cEND cells. These seemingly brain-specific effects were partially attenuated by VEGF signaling inhibition suggesting its role in the MMD etiology. In conclusion, our findings support the understanding of the high incidence of hemorrhagic and ischemic events in MMD and provide the basis for novel therapeutic strategies stopping or slowing the development of fragile cerebrovasculature or micro-bleeds characterizing the disease.
Infections in hospitalized lupus nephritis patients: characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Liu P , Tan H Z , Li H , Lim C C , Choo J C J 
Published: April 2018

Background There are limited studies documenting infection epidemiology in lupus nephritis (LN) patients. We aimed to study infection incidences and risk characteristics and ascertain possible predictors of infective outcomes in a multiethnic Asian population. Methods This retrospective study from 2006 to 2012 included newly diagnosed LN patients. We collected admissions, immunosuppression, and infection data until end-stage renal failure, death, last follow-up, or the year 2015. The infection incidence rates were evaluated and a generalized linear latent and mixed models (GLLAMM) analysis was carried out to evaluate potential predictors of infection. Results Our cohort of 101 patients consisted of mainly Chinese (75.2%), females (78.2%), and a median age of 38 years (IQR 26–49). The median time of follow-up was 72.8 months (IQR 49.5–94.0). Six out of 14 patient deaths were infection related. Seventy-eight out of 200 admissions, with a total of 102 episodes of infection, occurred in 46 patients. The incidence of infection rates leading to admissions was 10.3 per 100 person-years and the incidence of infection episodes rates was 17.6 per 100 person-years. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was the most common organism identified. Univariate GLLAMM analysis showed Malay compared to Chinese ethnicity (HR 2.833 (95% CI 1.088–7.373)), use of oral cyclophosphamide (HR 6.618 (95% CI 1.015–43.154)) and rituximab (HR 3.967 (95% CI 1.157–13.603)) as predictors of infection-related admissions. Malay ethnicity and rituximab remained significant in the multivariate GLLAMM analysis. Conclusions Our study highlights substantial infection incidences in patients with LN and its contribution to deaths.
On the Architecture of Game Science
Authors: Klabbers Jan HG 
Published: April 2018

Background. Game studies show a high diversity of university departments that contribute to the field. They offer a cross-disciplinary image that includes a range of professions. Game science is responsive to the needs of government institutions, to industry, and to individuals vis-à-vis institutions. That pragmatism makes the field issue-oriented, representing a post-normal science approach in a context of political pressure, values in dispute, high decision stakes and high epistemological and ethical systems uncertainties. The body of knowledge is not yet in the form of a cohesive structure: a game science paradigm. Thematic diversity, theoretical and methodological pluralism, and a strong focus on the instrumentality of games are weak credentials within academia, arranged according to analytical science (normal science) principles. Moreover, within the conventional academic settings, game science faces serious limitations, due to the fragmented positioning in different departments and faculties (Klabbers, 2009). Aim. A comprehensive and coherent view on game science is needed that connects three levels of inquiry: the philosophy of science level, the science level, and the application level. Advances in physics have impacted on the philosophy of science, on modernism and postmodernism, and as a consequence, on game science. Being able to understand the current position of game science requires that we are aware of its scientific roots, and future options for research and professional practice. Method. Literature review with emphasis on theories of knowledge (epistemology) that focuses on game architecture, and the player’s experience. The analytical science approach to game science is insufficient to deal adequately with key questions societies nowadays are facing. Therefore, in addition to the analytical science, the design science approach to gaming is needed to be able to address issues that apply to various zones of practice, and related questions about social problem solving. Results. A coordinating frame-of-reference – a game science paradigm – is presented, independent of the instrumentality of games - taking into account the great variety of forms of play, and gaming applications. Conclusion. To advance game science, well-equipped game centers are needed that cover the three levels of inquiry: the philosophy of science level, the science level, and the application level. They should pursue a long term coherent research and educational policy, in line with the natural sciences tradition, offering both continuity and innovation.
Cultural expressions of depression and the development of the Indonesian Depression Checklist
Authors: Widiana Herlina Siwi , Simpson Katrina , Manderson Lenore 
Published: April 2018

Depression may manifest differently across cultural settings, suggesting the value of an assessment tool that is sensitive enough to capture these variations. The study reported in this article aimed to develop a depression screening tool for Indonesians derived from ethnographic interviews with 20 people who had been diagnosed as having depression by clinical psychologists at primary health centers. The tool, which we have termed the Indonesian Depression Checklist (IDC), consists of 40 items. The tool was administered to 125 people assessed to have depression by 40 clinical psychologists in primary health centers. The data were analyzed with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (IBM SPSS AMOS Software). CFA identified a five-factor hierarchical model ( χ 2 = 168.157, p = .091; CFI = .963; TLI = .957; RMSEA = .036). A 19-item inventory of the IDC, with five factors – Physical Symptoms, Affect, Cognition, Social Engagement and Religiosity – was identified. There was a strong correlation between the total score of the IDC and total score of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (revised version CES-D), a standard tool for assessing symptoms of depression. The IDC accommodates culturally distinctive aspects of depression among Indonesians that are not included in the CES-D.