bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: AT1R knockdown confers cardioprotection against sepsis‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway in rats
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yin Yu‐Chao , Ji Xiang , Zhang Bo , Wu Sheng , Wu Xiao‐Zhe , Li Hong , Li Ya‐Dan , Ma Ya‐Ling , Wang Yu , Li Hai‐Tao , Zhang Bin , Wu Di 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMyocardial dysfunction is an important manifestation of sepsis. In addition, inactivation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has been reported to be beneficial in sepsis. The current study used gene expression profiling to demonstrate the overexpression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in sepsis. In this study, we used a rat model of sepsis established by cecal ligation and puncture to explore the mechanism of AT1R silencing in relation to the MAPK signaling pathway on myocardial injury. Various parameters including blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac function changes were observed. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentration of cardiac troponin T (TnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase isoenzyme muscle/brain (CK‐MB). Myocardial enzyme, tissue antioxidant capacity, mitochondria swelling, and membrane potential were also detected. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining was applied to measure cell apoptosis, and messenger RNA and protein levels of apoptosis‐related proteins (Fas ligand [Fasl], B‐cell CLL/lymphoma [Bcl‐2], p53) were also detected. Initially, sepsis rats exhibited decreased survival rate, but increased ejection fraction (EF), heart rate, and concentrations of TnT, cTnI, and CK‐MB. Furthermore, decreased AT1R expression inactivated the MAPK signaling pathway (shown as decreased extracellular signal–regulated kinase and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate response element binding protein expression), decreased EF, heart rate, and concentrations of TnT, cTnI, and CK‐MB, but increased sepsis rat survival rate. Eventually, decreased AT1R expression inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis (shown as decreased apoptosis rate and p53 and Fasl expression as well as increased Bcl‐2 expression). These findings indicated that AT1R silencing plays an inhibitory role in sepsis‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.
The application of lymphocyte*platelet and mean platelet volume/platelet ratio in influenza A infection in children
Authors: Fei Yang , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the characteristics and regularity of complete blood count (CBC) changes among influenza A–positive child patients and to discover parameters that can help with the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐one influenza A–positive children, two hundred and nineteen influenza A–negative children with influenza‐like symptoms, and two hundred and forty‐seven healthy children were included in this study. They were divided into three groups: influenza A–positive patient group, influenza A–negative patient group, and control group. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing and Sysmex XS‐800i hematology analyzer were used to obtain influenza A and CBC results, respectively. CBC along with parameters including lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume/platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), and lymphocyte*platelet (LYM*PLT) was calculated and recorded for each child. The differences in these parameters among different groups were tested with SPSS 15.0. The diagnostic values were also evaluated.ResultsThe LYM and PLT of child patients with influenza A were significantly lower than those of both influenza A–negative patients with influenza‐like symptoms and healthy controls. Among all the parameters, LYM*PLT has the largest area under the curve and the highest diagnostic value, followed by MPV/PLT. Compared with using LMR or MPV/PLT, the diagnostic value of using LYM alone was, on the contrary, higher.ConclusionsLow LYM*PLT and high MPV/PLT may indicate influenza A infection in children with influenza‐like symptoms, which can be a useful indicator for diagnosis and differentiation of influenza A infection.
Procalcitonin as a prognostic marker for sepsis based on SEPSIS‐3
Authors: Jekarl Dong Wook , Lee Seungok , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo , Woo Seon Hee , Lee Woon Jeong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe revised definition of sepsis is life‐threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection (SEPSIS‐3). The objective of this study was to evaluate procalcitonin (PCT) for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis using SEPSIS‐3.MethodsWe enrolled 248 patients, who were admitted to the emergency department with suspected bacterial infection from June 2016 to February 2017. Definite bacterial infection was defined by proven culture results, and probable bacterial infection was based on diagnostic modalities other than culture. The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of 2 points or more from the baseline was diagnosed as sepsis. PCT was measured by the AFIAS‐6 immunoassay system (Boditech Med Inc.) using whole blood. White blood cell (WBC), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ERS) were evaluated.ResultsThe final diagnosis was sepsis in 185 patients with infection of respiratory and genitourinary tract constituted 84.6%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was as follows: PCT, 0.682 (0.589‐0.765); CRP, 0.583 (0.487‐0.673); ESR, 0.540 (0.515‐0.699); and WBC, 0.611 (0.455‐0.633), respectively. In multivariate analysis, age, SOFA, and PCT (log scale) predicted non‐survivors with an odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of 1.055 (1.008‐1.105), 1.303 (1.142‐1.486), and 2.004 (1.240‐3.238), respectively. Among sepsis group, initial PCT was increased in non‐survivor (23.2 ng/dL) compared to survivor group (8.1 ng/dL) with statistical significance (P = .005).ConclusionsPCT could support and predict the unfavorable prognosis of sepsis based on SEPSIS‐3, whereas diagnostic potential of PCT requires further evaluations.
Tumor‐derived exosomal miRNA‐320d as a biomarker for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Tang Youyong , Zhao Yajing , Song Xingguo , Song Xianrang , Niu Limin , Xie Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo identify specific exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as serum biomarkers for prediction of metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Materials and MethodsSerum exosomes were isolated from patients with metastatic CRC (n = 34) and non‐metastatic CRC (n = 108) by ultracentrifugation and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, qNano, and Western blot. Differential exosomal miRNAs were screened by sequencing and validated by qPCR in metastatic and non‐metastatic CRC patients.ResultsAfter sequence analysis, KEGG analysis showed that differential genes were associated with Rap1 signaling pathway and pathways in cancer, 6 upregulated exosomal miRNAs (miR‐224‐5p, miR‐548d‐5p, miR‐200a‐3p, miR‐320d, miR‐200b‐3p, and miR‐1246), and 3 downregulated exosomal miRNAs (novel_246, novel_301, and miR‐27a‐5p) were screened with fold change >1.5, among which miR‐320d was selected as the best candidate involved in CRC metastasis. Validation analysis revealed exosomal miR‐320d could significantly distinguish metastatic from non‐metastatic CRC patients (P = .019), with AUC of 0.633 for the diagnosis of patients with metastatic CRC. Besides, the combination of miR‐320d and CEA had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.804 for the diagnosis of patients with metastatic CRC.ConclusionSerum exosomal miR‐320d is a promising non‐invasive diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing metastatic from non‐metastatic CRC.
Type I collagen inhibits adipogenic differentiation via YAP activation in vitro
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Long Xinyu , Gao Yanfang , Liu Weiwei , Hayashi Toshihiko , Mizuno Kazunori , Hattori Shunji , Fujisaki Hitomi , Ogura Takayuki , Onodera Satoshi , Wang Dan Ohtan , Ikejima Takashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) has a marked influence on adipose tissue development. Adipose tissue formation is initiated with proliferation of preadipocytes and migration before undergoing further differentiation into mature adipocytes. Previous studies showed that collagen I (col I) provides a good substratum for 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes to grow and migrate. However, it remains unclear whether and how col I regulates adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes. This study reports that lipid accumulation, representing in vitro adipogenesis of the 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes or the mouse primary adipocyte precursor cells derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue in the inguinal region is inhibited by the culture on col I, owing to downregulation of adipogenic factors. Previous study shows that col I enhances 3T3‐L1 cell migration via stimulating the nuclear translocation of yes‐associated protein (YAP). In this study, we report that downregulation of YAP is associated with in vitro adipogenesis of preadipocytes as well as with in vivo adipose tissue of high‐fat diet fed mice. Increased expression of YAP in the cells cultured on col I‐coated dishes is correlated with repression of adipogenic differentiation processes. The inactivation of YAP using YAP inhibitor, verteporfin, or YAP small‐interfering RNA enhanced adipogenic differentiation and reversed the inhibitory effect of col I. Activation of YAP either by the transfection of YAP plasmid or the silence of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1), an inhibitory kinase of YAP, inhibited adipogenic differentiation. The results indicate that col I inhibits adipogenic differentiation via YAP activation in vitro.
Metamizole (Dipyrone) and the Liver: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Lutz Mathias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetamizole, also known as dipyrone, was introduced to the market nearly a century ago. Due to its excellent analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic properties combined with its mostly favorable gastrointestinal tolerability, the drug was extensively applied worldwide during the first decades after its market introduction. Although rare, agranulocytosis is a well‐known adverse event of metamizole and led to its withdrawal from the market in a number of countries beginning in the 1960s. Nevertheless, metamizole is still a frequently used drug worldwide either legally (by prescription in some countries, over the counter in other countries) or without official approval (especially by immigrants knowing the drug from their home countries) or even illegally (due to its growing application as an adulterant in illicit drugs). Metamizole undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver and cases of potential metamizole‐associated hepatotoxicity have been described. Here, the literature is extensively reviewed for the first time regarding hepatic effects associated with the use of metamizole.
The relationship between sense of a life worth living and local self‐governance: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ohta Ryuichi , Sato Mikiya , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAging populations are facing increasing health problems, with social conditions often exacerbating such maladies. Although local self‐governance might effectively solve these problems, such civic participation can increase citizens’ mental and physical fatigue, which, in turn, may decrease their sense of leading productive lives.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examined the relationship between citizens’ participation in and perceptions of local self‐governance and their sense of life worth living. The study was conducted in Unnan City, which is located in the southeastern part of Shimane Prefecture. A questionnaire measuring local self‐governance and participant backgrounds was distributed. Completed questionnaires were collected between March 1 and 31, 2018. A binomial logistic regression model was used.ResultsOf the distributed questionnaires, 38.5% (769/2000) were completed and returned. Responses from women and those over 65 years of age comprised 54.2% (417/769) and 35.1% (270/769) of the completed questionnaires, respectively. Analysis of the data using binomial logistic regression showed that age (≥65), health management, social interaction, learning habits, and interest in local self‐governance were significantly correlated with a sense of life worth living (odds ratio for the variables were 0.56 (P = .002), 2.58 (P < .001), 3.05 (P < .001), 2.51 (P < .001), and 1.61 (P = .009), respectively).ConclusionPromoting local self‐governance may lead to a better sense of life worth living for citizens of rural communities. Therefore, when assessing the effectiveness of local self‐governance regarding citizens’ sense of life worth living, their interest in local self‐governance should be taken into consideration.
Biocatalyzed Enantiomerically Pure Production of (S)‐Phenyl(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanol
Authors: Şahin Engin , Dertli Enes 
Published: August 2019

Chiral aryl heteroaryl methanols are important precursors for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules. The aims of this study were to use a biocatalyst that could efficiently bioreduce phenyl(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanone 1 to (S)‐phenyl(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanol 2, to identify the impact of the physicochemical factors that might affect the bioreduction by the biocatalyst, and to obtain multigram production of aryl heteroaryl secondary alcohol 2 with the biocatalyst under optimized conditions. Over the years, the (S)‐phenyl(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanol was synthesized on a small scale using a chemical catalyst without its enantiomerically pure form. In this study, Lactobacillus paracasei BD101 was used for the asymmetric reduction of phenyl(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanone to (S)‐phenyl(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanol in the large‐scale production. The asymmetric bioreduction conditions were systematically optimized, and the production of 3.77 g of (S)‐phenyl(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanol was carried out in enantiomerically pure form >99% enantiomeric excess (ee), >99% conversion, and 90% yield. This method obtained with this biocatalyst is a process that can be used industrially in terms of conversion, ee, and yield. This study provides guidance for the application of L. paracasei BD101 in the production of optically active aryl heteroaryl alcohols.
Overriding advance directives: A 20‐year legal and ethical overview
Authors: Banja John , Sumler Michele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHealth professionals have been known to override patients’ advance directives. The most ethically problematic instances involve a directive's explicitly forbidding the administration of some life‐prolonging treatment like resuscitation or intubation with artificial ventilation. Sometimes the code team is unaware of the directive, but in other instances, the override is done knowingly and intentionally with clinicians later pleading that it was done “in the patient's best interests.” This article surveys a twenty‐year period extending back to 1997 when ethicists began to question the legitimacy of overriding advance directives despite clinicians believing they had compelling reasons to do so. A legal and ethical analysis of advance directive overrides is provided as no court to date has awarded damages to plaintiffs who alleged their loved one suffered “wrongful life” following a successful life‐prolonging intervention. A hypothetical scenario is especially discussed wherein a patient's DNR status is overridden because her cardiac arrest was caused by error whose effects might be reversible. The authors conclude with a strategy for mitigating certain vagaries associated with overriding advance directives, but suggest that until courts provide clinicians with clear guidelines and protections, violations of patients’ advance directives are likely to continue.
One‐year clinical outcomes of anticoagulation therapy among Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: The Hyogo AF Network (HAF‐NET) Registry
Authors: Hyogo Kiyohiro , Yoshida Akihiro , Takeuchi Motoshi , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Fukuzawa Koji , Takami Mitsuru , Kobori Atsushi , Okajima Katsunori , Odake Michio , Okada Toshio , Shimane Akira , Kawahara Yasuhiro , Sekiya Junichi , Sano Hiroshi , Ichikawa Yasunori , Hirata Ken‐ichi ,   the HAF‐NET Registry Investigators
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough anticoagulation therapy could reduce the risk of strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), large‐scale investigations in the direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and AF catheter ablation (CA) era are lacking.MethodsThis study was designed as a prospective, multicenter, observational study and a total of 2113 patients from 22 institutions were enrolled in the Hyogo area.ResultsThe mean age and CHADS2 score were 70.1 ± 10.8 years old and 1.5 ± 1.1, respectively. The follow‐up period was 355 ± 43 days. CA was performed in 614 (29%) and DOACs were prescribed in 1118 (53%) patients. Ischemic strokes/systemic embolisms (SEs) and major bleeding occurred in 13 (0.6%) and 17 (0.8%) patients, respectively. New onset dementia, hospitalizations for cardiac events, and all‐cause death occurred in eight (0.4%), 60 (2.8%), and 29 (1.4%) patients, respectively. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that persistent AF and the body weight (BW) were associated with ischemic strokes/SEs and major bleeding, respectively (persistent AF: hazard ratio, 9.57; 95%CI, 1.2‐74.0; P = .03; BW: hazard ratio, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.90‐0.99; P = .02). AFCA history was associated with the cardiac events (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.20‐0.99; P = .04). Age was associated with new onset dementia (hazard ratio, 1.1; 95%CI, 1.0‐1.2; P = .03).ConclusionsIn the DOAC and CA era, the incidence of ischemic strokes/SEs, major bleeding and cardiac events could be dramatically reduced in patients with AF. However, some unsolved issues of AF management still remain especially in elderly patients with persistent AF and a low BW.
Management ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin dairy farms:Selection and evaluation of different DNA extraction methods from bovine and buffaloes milk and colostrum for the establishment of a safe colostrum farm bank
Authors: Gamberale Fabrizio , Pietrella Gabriele , Sala Marcello , Scaramella Paola , Puccica Silvia , Antognetti Valeria , Arrigoni Norma , Ricchi Matteo , Cersini Antonella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and validate different innovative DNA extraction methods to detectMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis (MAP)DNA from bovine and buffalo colostrum. Paratuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory infection of domestic and wild animals, especially ruminants, caused by MAP. The primary route of disease transmission is feces, but MAP can also be excreted in milk and colostrum. In 2015, the Italian Ministry of Health has issued a voluntary control plan of MAP in order to allow risk‐based certification of bovine and buffaloes farms. In addition to the annual diagnostic screening and to the clinical surveillance of animals the plan includes the adoption of biosecurity and management measures to progressively mitigate the incidence of MAP. To achieve this goal it is crucial to ensure the accuracy of the methods used to detect the presence of MAP in bovine and buffaloes milk and colostrum, in order to: (1) support a "safe colostrum farm‐bank" set‐up and thus prevent the main within‐farm MAP transmission route and (2) to allow the MAP‐free certification of milk products for export purposes. To achieve these goals, seven different DNA extraction protocols were identified from bibliography, out of which three methods were finally selected after the adoption of an evaluation procedure aimed at assessing the efficiency of extraction of DNA, the purity of DNA and the adaptability of the DNA amplification: NucleoSpin®Food Kit (Macherey‐Nagel), NucleoSpin®Food Kit (Macherey‐Nagel) combined with the magnetic beads, and QIAamp Cador Pathogen Mini kit (QIAGEN). In particular, the NucleoSpin®Food Kit (Macherey‐Nagel) and the QIAamp Cador Pathogen Mini kit (QIAGEN) were tested on bovine and buffalo colostrum, showing a LOD between 4 × 104(2.6 × 106 cfu/ml) and 4.08 (26.7 cfu/ml) IS900 target copies and a LOD between 5.3 × 105(4.1 × 106 cfu/ml) and 53 (4.1 × 103 cfu/ml) IS900 target copies, respectively.
A modality conversion approach to MV‐DRs and KV‐DRRs registration using information bottlenecked conditional generative adversarial network
Authors: Liu Cong , Lu Zheming , Ma Longhua , Wang Lang , Jin Xiance , Si Wen 
Published: August 2019

PurposeAs affordable equipment, electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) are wildly used in radiation therapy departments to verify patients’ positions for accurate radiotherapy. However, these devices tend to produce visually ambiguous and low‐contrast planar digital radiographs under megavoltage x ray (MV‐DRs), which poses a tremendous challenge for clinicians to perform multimodal registration between the MV‐DRs and the kilovoltage digital reconstructed radiographs (KV‐DRRs) developed from the planning computed tomography. Furthermore, the existent of strong appearance variations also makes accurate registration beyond the reach of current automatic algorithms.MethodsWe propose a novel modality conversion approach to this task that first synthesizes KV images from MV‐DRs, and then registers the synthesized and real KV‐DRRs. We focus on the synthesis technique and develop a conditional generative adversarial network with information bottleneck extension (IB‐cGAN) that takes MV‐DRs and nonaligned KV‐DRRs as inputs and outputs synthesized KV images. IB‐cGAN is designed to address two main challenges in deep‐learning‐based synthesis: (a) training with a roughly aligned dataset suffering from noisy correspondences; (b) making synthesized images have real clinical meanings that faithfully reflects MV‐DRs rather than nonaligned KV‐DRRs. Accordingly, IB‐cGAN employs (a) an adversarial loss to provide training supervision at semantic level rather than the imprecise pixel level; (b) an IB to constrain the information from the nonaligned KV‐DRRs.ResultsWe collected 2698 patient scans to train the model and 208 scans to test its performance. The qualitative results demonstrate realistic KV images can be synthesized allowing clinicians to perform the visual registration. The quantitative results show it significantly outperforms current nonmodality conversion methods by 22.37% (P = 0.0401) in terms of registration accuracy.ConclusionsThe modality conversion approach facilitates the downstream MV–KV registration for both clinicians and off‐the‐shelf registration algorithms. With this approach, it is possible to benefit the developing countries where inexpensive EPIDs are widely used for the image‐guided radiation therapy.