bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of parelectric spectroscopy to detect skin cancer—A pilot study
Authors: Arnold‐Brüning Frederike S. , Blaschke Tobias , Kramer Klaus , Lademann Jürgen , Thiede Gisela , Fluhr Joachim W. , Patzelt Alexa , Meinke Martina C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe early detection of skin cancer is still challenging and calls for objective, fast diagnostic, and ideally non‐invasive methods in order to leave the potentially malignant tumor cells unaltered. In this paper, the parelectric spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the potential of a non‐invasive detection of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and malignant melanoma.Materials and MethodsA prototype of parelectric spectroscopy was used to investigate non‐invasively dipole density and mobility of suspicious skin lesions. The differences in investigated tissue were analyzed compared to pathohistological findings in a clinical study on 51 patients with suspected BCC and malignant melanoma.ResultsThe non‐invasive parelectric spectroscopy could differentiate between normal skin, BCC, and melanoma but failed to distinguish between different types of skin cancer. The data were normalized to unsuspected nearby skin because the different skin locations influence dipole density and mobility.ConclusionThe results of the pilot study indicate that the parelectric spectroscopy might be an additional, useful non‐invasive diagnostic procedure to distinguish between normal skin and skin cancer.
Simulation of the Deposit Evolution on a Fan Blade for Tunnel Ventilation
Authors: Castorrini Alessio , Venturini Paolo , Corsini Alessandro , Rispoli Franco 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Fans used in tunnel ventilation operate for decades in an atmosphere that carries dust, soot, and other solid particles. The formation of deposit on the rotor blades, considering a so long time of exposition to this particle-laden flow, is highly probable. A not negligible quantity of deposited material can produce damages on the performance of the fan, but also mass unbalancing, which is potentially dangerous for the structural integrity of the fan components. We applied our simulation tool to study a case of deposition on a large axial fan blade, used for tunnel ventilation. The outcome of the study is a parametric map of fouled blade geometries, obtained by simulating the deposition process over the increasing quantity of ingested particles mixture. The final map correlates the level and shape of deposit to the overall amount of particle ingested by the fan in its operating life. The same map can be easily used to predict the time needed in a specific application to reach any specific deposit thickness. The evolution algorithm and simulation tools developed in the past years by the authors were applied to predict the modified geometry of eroded rotor blades. Here, the same framework is updated to simulate the deposit problem. We use an integrated multiphase solver, coupled with a geometry update method. The solver can iteratively simulate the flow field, compute the particle tracking, dispersion, and deposit processes, and modify the geometry (and mesh) according to the predicted deposit shape and rate.
Influence of Abyssal Mixing on the Multilayer Circulation in the South China Sea
Authors: Quan Qi , Xue Huijie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBy parameterizing the abyssal mixing as the exchange velocity (entrainment/detrainment) between the middle and deep layers of the South China Sea (SCS), its effects on the multilayer circulation are examined. Results indicate that the cyclonic circulation in the deep SCS appears only when the mixing induces an entrainment of at least 0.72 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) from the deep to the middle layer, which is equivalent to a diapycnal diffusivity of 0.65 × 10−3 m2 s−1 or a net input rate of gravitational potential energy (GPE) of 6.89 GW, respectively. It is also found that tidal mixing in the SCS is stronger than the threshold for the generation of the cyclonic abyssal circulation, but the pattern and evolution of the deep circulation and meridional overturning circulation also depend on the spatiotemporal variability of the mixing. Moreover, the abyssal mixing is able to intensify the anticyclonic circulation in the middle layer but weaken the cyclonic circulation in the upper layer. Vorticity analysis suggests that the upward net flux induced by the abyssal mixing leads to vortex stretching (squeezing) and modulates the pressure gradient by redistributing the layer thickness, hence affects the pattern and strength of the circulation in the middle (deep) layer of the SCS, respectively. The depth-integrated effect of the thickness variation can modulate the pressure gradient across all layers and hence influence the upper-layer circulation.
Aseptic meningitis caused by torque teno virus in an infant: a case report
Authors: Ikuta Yoji , Oba Kunihiro , Nai Emina , Katori Tatsuo , Hashino Masanori , Inamine Yuba , Matsunaga Satoko , Yamaoka Yutaro , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Ryo Akihide , Kuroda Makoto 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Torque teno virus-induced aseptic meningitis has not been documented, although torque teno virus infections still remain under consideration for etiological agents. This study identified a torque teno virus sequence using next generation sequencing and immunoglobulin M response to the torque teno virus antigen, therefore, that would be a comprehensive diagnosis for torque teno virus infection.

Case presentation
A 2-month-old Japanese boy was brought to our hospital because he was irritable, drowsy, and lethargic. He was admitted based on his test results which indicated the possibility of septic meningitis. He was started on treatment with high-dose antibiotics and steroids. On the third day of hospitalization, he became afebrile with improvement in his general status and was discharged on the sixth day. He had no developmental problems for up to 1 year after discharge. Metagenomic ribonucleic acid-Seq pathogen detection using next generation sequencing of a sample of his cerebrospinal fluid, which was collected at admission, revealed three short reads homologous to those in torque teno virus out of a total of 1,708,516 reads. This finding indicated that our patient was positive compared to the torque teno virus-negative cerebrospinal fluid samples (controls) from 13 other patients. The torque teno virus has been shown to have a whole genome sequence of 2810 nt by polymerase chain reaction. We prepared a recombinant GP2 antigen from torque teno virus and used it to study our patient’s anti-torque teno virus immune response. An anti-GP2 serum immunoglobulin M response was detected, providing further supportive evidence of torque teno virus infection.

Conclusions
This case speculates that torque teno virus-induced aseptic meningitis has a good course. New technologies like next generation sequencing can help in the identification of such cases, and an accumulation of future cases is expected.
Spatial and seasonal patterns of FMD primary outbreaks in cattle in Zimbabwe between 1931 and 2016
Authors: Guerrini Laure , Pfukenyi Davies Mubika , Etter Eric , Bouyer Jérémy , Njagu Chenjerai , Ndhlovu Felistas , Bourgarel Mathieu , de Garine-Wichatitsky Michel , Foggin Chris , Grosbois Vladimir , Caron Alexandre 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important livestock disease impacting mainly intensive production systems. In southern Africa, the FMD virus is maintained in wildlife and its control is therefore complicated. However, FMD control is an important task to allow countries access to lucrative foreign meat market and veterinary services implement drastic control measures on livestock populations living in the periphery of protected areas, negatively impacting local small-scale livestock producers. This study investigated FMD primary outbreak data in Zimbabwe from 1931 to 2016 to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of FMD outbreaks and their potential drivers. The results suggest that: (i) FMD outbreaks were not randomly distributed in space across Zimbabwe but are clustered in the Southeast Lowveld (SEL); (ii) the proximity of protected areas with African buffalos was potentially responsible for primary FMD outbreaks in cattle; (iii) rainfall per se was not associated with FMD outbreaks, but seasons impacted the temporal occurrence of FMD outbreaks across regions; (iv) the frequency of FMD outbreaks increased during periods of major socio-economic and political crisis. The differences between the spatial clusters and other areas in Zimbabwe presenting similar buffalo/cattle interfaces but with fewer FMD outbreaks can be interpreted in light of the recent better understanding of wildlife/livestock interactions in these areas. The types of wildlife/livestock interfaces are hypothesized to be the key drivers of contacts between wildlife and livestock, triggering a risk of FMD inter-species spillover. The management of wildlife/livestock interfaces is therefore crucial for the control of FMD in southern Africa.
Determinants and inverses of perturbed periodic tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices
Authors: Wei Yunlan , Jiang Xiaoyu , Jiang Zhaolin , Shon Sugoog 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we deal mainly with a class of periodic tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices with perturbed corners. By matrix decomposition with the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula and constructing the corresponding displacement of matrices we derive the formulas on representation of the determinants and inverses of the periodic tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices with perturbed corners of type I in the form of products of Fermat numbers and some initial values. Furthermore, the properties of type II matrix can be also obtained, which benefits from the relation between type I and II matrices. Finally, we propose two algorithms for computing these properties and make some analysis about them to illustrate our theoretical results.
Validation of the Arabic version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale in Tunisian adolescents
Authors: Ghali Hela , Ghammem Rim , Zammit Nawel , Fredj Sihem Ben , Ammari Faten , Maatoug Jihene , Ghannem Hassen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Facebook is by far the most popular social network. Thus, it is important to use a valid measuring tool. This study aimed to validate an Arabic version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS).

Methods
It was a cross-sectional study conducted among public secondary schools, within the city of Sousse, Eastern Tunisia over 2 months. Students completed self-administrated questionnaires. The revised test-retest version of the scale was given to a sample of ten pilot students in order to check the readability of the translation. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in order to assess the extent to which the BFAS items were interrelated.

Results
A total of 1399 participants took part in the study (60.5% females). Among 1353 students who are using Facebook, 71.8% had non-problematic use. The median score of addiction was 13 ranging from 6 to 30. The median time spent each day on Facebook was 3 h. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.87. Students with higher Facebook addiction scores were significantly more addicted to video games (p = 0.001), and more depressed (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
The Arabic-BFAS is consistent as a screening test for Facebook addiction among secondary school students due to having good reliability and validity.
PIV Measurement and CFD Simulation of Liquid-Liquid Mixing in Mixer Settler with Rigid-Flexible Impeller
Authors: Gu Deyin , Liu Zuohua , Xu Chuanlin , Tao Changyuan , Wang Yundong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the flow field in the mixing chamber of a mixer settler. An Eulerian-Eulerian approach, standard k-ε turbulence model, and multiple reference frames (MRF) technique were employed to simulate liquid-liquid two-phase flow, turbulent flow, and impeller rotation in the mixer settler, respectively. The effects of impeller type, impeller clearance and baffle configuration on the flow field were analyzed. Results showed that rigid-flexible impeller can spread the impeller energy more uniformly in the mixing chamber and increase the velocity of the continuous phase through the multi-body motion of flexible sheet compared with rigid impeller. The flow numbers of RF-RT, RF-PBT and RF-CBT systems were increased by 46 %, 54 % and 43 %, respectively, compared with RT, PBT and CBT systems. Meanwhile, the suction capacity of impeller was enhanced with a decreased impeller clearance, and the backflow was eliminated by the installation of baffles.
Numerical Modeling of Air Flow in a Cabinet Dryer Equipped by Deflector Plates
Authors: Roustapour Omid Reza , Gazor Hamid Reza , Farzin Kazemi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, air deflector plates were used in order to increase the air elapsed time in the chamber. The air flow pattern was simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The geometry of the chamber was produced in 2D and meshed by triangular and quadrilateral elements, boundary conditions were defined and the governing equations solved. Modeling of flow without any deflectors depicted the air flowed to the chamber conducted to the outlet without any distortion. Air vortices were generated when the deflectors defined in model. To evaluate the influence of deflectors on drying period, constructed plates installed in the dryer chamber and melon slices were dried when deflectors used or not. Simulation results showed magnitude of the air velocity was increased and temperature uniform distribution developed on the surface of trays. The outlet temperature was also decreased up to 10 % and drying time reduced to 22 % when the deflectors were employed.
Theorie des Sperrschicht-Photoeffekts
Authors: Lehovec Kurt 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird eine Theorie des Sperrschicht-Photoeffekts gegeben, die sich auf die folgenden Annahmen stützt:
1.Der Halbleiter ist ein Störstellen-Halbleiter.
2.Durch die Übertrittsarbeit Metall/Halbleiter ist eine bestimmte Konzentration der Elektronen und Defektelektronen im Halbleiter an der Metallgrenze festgelegt, die sich bei Belichtung nicht ändert.
3.Durch Lichtabsorption werden im Grundgitter Paare von Elektronen und Defektelektronen ausgelöst.
Es werden Differentialgleichungen aufgestellt, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Photo- Ström und -Spannung, Beleuchtungsstärke, Lichtfrequenz und den Eigenschaften von Halbleiter und Elektrode enthalten. Bei Defekthalbleitern, wie z. B. Selen und Kupferoxydul, Hießen die durch Lichteinstrahlung in der Sperrschicht ausgelösten Elektronen stets zur Elektrode, und die Defektelektronen im Fall der Leerlaufspannung ebenfalls zur Elektrode, im Fall des Kurzschlußstroms in den Halbleiter. Praktisch ausschließliche Überschußhalbleitung oder praktisch ausschließliche Defekthalbleitung und Bildung von Elektronen und Defektelektronen durch Lichtabsorption sind notwendige Bedingungen für einen nennenswerten Sperrschicht-Photoeffekt.
Eine Beziehung zwischen Energie und Reichweite für. Beta-Strahlen kleiner und mittlerer Energie
Authors: Flammersfeld Arnold 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Von Elektronen kleiner und mittlerer Energie, die von einigen isomeren Atomarten und ß-Strahlern. herrührten, wurden die maximalen Reichweiten gemessen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich zusammen mit den genauesten Werten der Reichweiten von Elektronen großer Energie durch eine Formel E = 1,92 √ R2 + 0,22 R darstellen, die sowohl das quadratische wie das lineare Gebiet enthält und den ganzen Bereich von 0 bis 3 MeV gleichmäßig gut wiedergibt.
Ein 300-kV-Bandgenerator mit übernormaler Ladungsdichte
Authors: Becker Erwin Willy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird ein 300 kV van-de-Graaff-Generator Kossel-Heise'scher Bauart beschrieben, der in Luft von Atmosphärendruck mit einer Beladungsdichte von 18 el.st. cgs-Einheiten/cm2 arbeitet.
Feldmechanische Begründung der Diracschen Wellengleichung
Authors: Bopp Fritz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wenn man die Trägheitskraft des Elektrons aus einer verallgemeinerten linearen Elektrodynamik ableitet und dabei in der Entwicklung nach der Retardierung einen Schritt weiter geht als Lorentz, so erhält man eine Bewegungsgleichung, auf die m. W. Hönl und Papapetrou erstmalig hingewiesen haben. Darin wird zwischen dem Makro- impuls des Ieilchens und seiner Mikrogeschwindigkeit unterschieden. Infolge von Emissions-Reabsorptionsprozessen verschiebt sich ständig der Energiemittelpunkt gegenüber dem Ladungsmittelpunkt, was zu einer Zitterbewegung führt, die ein spin- artiges Zusatzmoment ergibt. Im folgenden wird gezeigt, daß dieses Zusatzmoment bei wohldefinierter Modifikation der Maxwellschen Gleichungen mit dem Elektronenspin identisch ist. Die Quantisierung der Bewegungsgleiehung liefert in diesem Falle eine Viellengleichung, deren Lösungen auch die der Diracschen Wellengleichung enthalten. Die Diracsche Wellengleichung hängt also eng mit der Elektronenstruktur zusammen.
Zur Frage des Lichtweges bei Totalreflexion
Authors: Wolter Hans 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die Auffassung, das Licht mache bei Totalreflexion einen Umweg durch das dünnere Medium, ist dahin abzuwandeln, daß an der einen Seite ein Teil der einfallenden Welle zum Aufbau der begleitenden inhomogenen Welle des dünneren Mediums benötigt, der ausfallenden Welle entzogen und dieser erst am anderen Rande des ausfallenden Strahles wieder zugefügt wird. Bei der Totalreflexion solcher Wellen, die durch Intensitätsminima gekennzeichnet sind, treten zirkulierende Wellen auf, d. h. es gibt Gebiete, in denen der zeitgemittelte Energiestrom in geschlossenen Stromlinien umläuft.
Geiger-Zählrohre mit Xenon-Sauerstoff-Füllung
Authors: Riedel Oswald 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bei einer Entladung in sauerstoffhaltigem Xenon entsteht, wie seit einigen Jahren bekannt ist, ein grünes Bandenspektrum; die Vermutungen über seine Entstehung legen im Hinblick auf den Selbstlöschungsmechanismus nahe, mit Xe-O2-Gemischen Zählrohre zu füllen. Derartige Rohre zeigen Selbstlöschung, große Konstanz und Haltbarkeit
Über die Möglichkeit von Spinmodellen
Authors: Bopp Fritz , Haag Rudolf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird gezeigt, daß sich die Zustände des Spins in völliger Analogie zu denen anderer quantenmechanischer Größen durch stetige Eigenfunktionen gewisser Differentialoperatoren beschreiben lassen. Während die Kugelfunktionen mit halbzahligem Index hierfür bekanntlich wegen ihrer Transformationseigenschaften nicht in Frage kommen, besitzt bereits der Schrödingersche Drehimpulsoperator des Zweikörperproblems (echte) Eigenfunktionen zu halbzahli-gen Eigenwerten. Das Modell von Goudsmit-Uhlenbeck und das feldmechanische Modell des Spins werden unter diesem neuen Gesichtspunkt diskutiert.
Der Isotopie-Effekt der elektrolytischen Kationen-Wanderung in Halogeniden
Authors: Klemm Alfred 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die bisher gefundenen Masseneffekte der Kationen-Wanderung in Halogeniden lassen sich überschlagsmäßig durch die Gleichung

darstellen. Dabei ist m- die Masse des Halogenatoms und m+ die Masse des Metallatoms.
Zur Messung schwerer Ionen mit Festkörperdetektoren aus Glas / Measurement of Heavy Ions Using Solid State Glass Detectors
Authors: Siegert G. , Fiedler G. , Aschenbach J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A simple model for track formation in solide state nuclear track detectors is proposed. According to this model the area of an etch pit is proportional to the etching time and to the square root of the energy of the impinging particle. This conclusion is in agreement with experimental results.
Schwingungsspektrum und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von (AlPS4)n-Polymerketten
Authors: Wibbelmann C. , Cyvin B. N. , Cyvin S. J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vibrational Spectrum and Normal Coordinate Analysis of AIPS4 tetrahedral Chains
AIPS4 forms edge-sharing tetrahedral chains which are isosteric to SiS2. The Raman and IR spectra have been recorded and assigned on the basis of the D2d symmetry of the free molecule. Splittings of several bands due to the lower site-symmetry in the crystal lattice are treated subsequently using a correlation diagram. The frequencies of internal vibrations have been calculated using a simple model consisting of a chain fragments of various lengths.
Determination and Analysis of the Physical Properties of a New Class of Polar Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Schad Hp. , Kelly S. M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We have measured the physical properties of three homologues of a new class of polar nematic liquid crystals having no molecular association. On the basis of mean field and continuum theories an analysis of the physical properties has been performed. The advantageous application of this class of compounds (substituted aromatic ketones) in liquid crystal displays - especially in the highly multiplexed twisted nematic display - is outlined and an example of a simple practical mixture is given.
Proton NMR Study of Molecular Dynamics in Hydrazinium Perchlorate
Authors: Ganesan K. , Damle R. , Ramakrishna J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The proton spin-lattice relaxation time T1 (at 5.4, 10 and 15 MHz) and second moment M2 (at 9.8 MHz) have been measured in hydrazinium Perchlorate (N2H5ClO4). The temperature dependence of T, shows two minima. The low temperature T, minimum has been explained in terms of NH3 reorientation about the N-N axis while the high temperature minimum is attributed to the exchange of protons within the NH2 group (180° flip about the H - N - H bisectrix). The activation energies for NH3 and NH: motions are found to be 20.5 kJ mol-1 and 39.8 kJ mol-1 , respectively. The second moment variation with temperature shows two transitions around 120 K and 210 K and has been discussed in terms of NH3/NH2 motions.
The Enforcement of Business Competition Law by the Police: An Indonesian Experience
Authors: Disemadi Hari Sutra , Roisah Kholis 
Published: September 2019

In Indonesia, the Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition or Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) is granted the power according to Law Number 5 of 1999 but such a power cannot be optimally implemented. KPPU often experiences difficulties and obstacles in the process of enforcing business competition law due to a large number of business actors and uncooperative witnesses so that this hinders the process of examining cases. In particular, KPPU has lack of cooperation of involved parties during the inspection process. However, the KPPU in carrying out its authority can include the role of the Indonesian police to assist in the process of enforcing business competition law. This paper shows that the role of the Indonesian police in the enforcement of business competition law can be initiated during the investigation process if the KPPU requests assistance to present the reported party, witnesses, and expert witnesses. Until the decision is issued by the KPPU, investigators can follow up with relevant individuals that may have cases that contain criminal aspects.
Keywords: Business Competition Law, the Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition, Indonesian Police