bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating quantitative morphological and qualitative molecular methods to analyse soil nematode community responses to plant range expansion
Authors: Geisen Stefan , Snoek L. Basten , ten Hooven Freddy C. , Duyts Henk , Kostenko Olga , Bloem Janneke , Martens Henk , Quist Casper W. , Helder Johannes A. , van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Below‐ground nematodes are important for soil functioning, as they are ubiquitous and operate at various trophic levels in the soil food web. However, morphological nematode community analysis is time consuming and requires ample training. qPCR‐based nematode identification techniques are well available, but high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) might be more suitable for non‐targeted nematode community analyses.

We compared effectiveness of qPCR‐ and HTS‐based approaches with morphological nematode identification while examining how climate warming‐induced plant range expansion may influence below‐ground nematode assemblages. We extracted nematodes from soil of Centaurea stoebe and C. jacea populations in Slovenia, where both plant species are native, and Germany, where C. stoebe is a range expander and C. jacea is native. Half of each nematode sample was identified morphologically and the other half was analysed using targeted qPCR and a novel HTS approach.

HTS produced the highest taxonomic resolution of the nematode community. Nematode taxa abundances correlated between the methods. Therefore, especially relative HTS and relative morphological data revealed nearly identical ecological patterns. All methods showed lower numbers of plant‐feeding nematodes in rhizosphere soils of C. stoebe compared to C. jacea. However, a profound difference was observed between absolute and relative abundance data; both sampling origin and plant species affected relative abundances of bacterivorous nematodes, whereas there was no effect on absolute abundances.

Taken together, as HTS correlates with relative analyses of soil nematode communities, while providing highest taxonomic resolution and sample throughput, we propose a combination of HTS with microscopic counting to supplement important quantitative data on soil nematode communities. This provides the most cost‐effective, in‐depth methodology to study soil nematode community responses to changes in the environment. This methodology will also be applicable to nematode analyses in aquatic systems.
Ovine Leukocyte Microparticles Generated by the CentriMag Ventricular Assist Device In Vitro
Authors: Pieper Ina Laura , Radley Gemma , Christen Abigail , Ali Sabrina , Bodger Owen , Thornton Catherine A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVentricular assist devices (VADs) are a life‐saving form of mechanical circulatory support in heart failure patients. However, VADs have not yet reached their full potential due to the associated side effects (thrombosis, bleeding, infection) related to the activation and damage of blood cells and proteins caused by mechanical stress and foreign materials. Studies of the effects of VADs on leukocytes are limited, yet leukocyte activation and damage including microparticle generation can influence both thrombosis and infection rates. Therefore, the aim was to develop a multicolor flow cytometry assessment of leukocyte microparticles (LMPs) using ovine blood and the CentriMag VAD as a model for shear stress. Ovine blood was pumped for 6 h in the CentriMag and regular samples analyzed for hemolysis, complete blood counts and LMP by flow cytometry during three different pump operating conditions (low flow,standard,high speed). Thehigh speedcondition caused significant increases in plasma‐free hemoglobin; decreases in total leukocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets; increases in CD45+LMPs as well as two novel LMP populations: CD11bbright/HLA‐DR−and CD11bdull/HLA‐DR+, both of which were CD14−/CD21−. CD11bbright/HLA‐DR−LMPs appeared to respond to an increase in shear magnitude whereas the CD11bdull/HLA‐DR+LMPs significantly increased in all pumping conditions. We propose that these two populations are released from granulocytes and T cells, respectively, but further research is needed to better characterize these two populations.
Letter: using a placebo as a comparator to rifaximin for the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis—is there really an ethical concern?
Authors: Thévenot T. ,   the scientific committee of the ProPILA‐Rifax study
Published: March 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Goel et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14361.
Ain't She a Woman? How Warmth and Competence Stereotypes about Women and Female Politicians Contribute to the Warmth and Competence Traits Ascribed to Individual Female Politicians
Authors: Brown Elizabeth R. , Phills Curtis E. , Mercurio Dominic G. , Olah Matthew , Veilleux Candice J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHillary Clinton was the first woman nominated for President by a major political party in the United States. Like most women in politics, she faced negative evaluations, in part, due to the inconsistency between the traits typically associated with leaders (competence) versus women (warmth). Because understanding the categorization of an individual female politician is essential to the development of successful bias interventions, we examined the extent to which Hillary Clinton and a novel female politician were categorized as women versus female politicians. In three studies we investigated how the warmth and competence stereotypes associated with women and female politicians contributed to the warmth and competence traits associated with Hillary Clinton and a novel female political candidate. Consistent with a subtyping account, the warmth and competence stereotypes associated with female politicians, but not women, predicted Hillary Clinton's warmth and competence traits (Studies 1–3). However, consistent with a subgrouping account, the warmth and competence stereotypes associated with both women and female politicians predicted a novel female politician's warmth and competence traits (Study 3). Implications for bias reduction interventions are discussed.
A pilot study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 receptor and their effects on pre- and post-transplant serum mediator level and outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tvedt T H A , Hovland R , Tsykunova G , Ahmed A B , Gedde-Dahl T , Bruserud Ø 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Interleukin (IL)-6 is an important regulator of immunity and inflammation in many diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-6 gene influence outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), but the possible importance of SNPs in the IL-6 receptor has not been examined. We therefore investigated whether SNPs in the IL-6R gene influenced biochemical characteristics and clinical outcomes after ASCT. We examined the IL-6 promoter variant rs1800975 and the IL-6R SNPs rs4453032, rs2228145, rs4129267, rs4845374, rs4329505, rs4845617, rs12083537, rs4845618, rs6698040 and rs4379670 in a 101 population-based cohort of allotransplant recipients and their family donors. Patients being homozygous for the major alleles of the IL-6R SNPs rs2228145 and rs4845618 showed high pretransplant CRP serum levels together with decreased sIL-6R levels; the decreased IL-6R levels persisted 6 months post-transplant. In contrast, patients being homozygous for the minor allele of the IL-6R SNP rs4379670 showed decreased pretransplant CRP levels. Furthermore, the IL-6R rs4845618 donor genotype showed an association with severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), whereas the donor genotype of the IL-6 SNP rs1800795 was associated with decreased survival 100 days post-transplant. Finally, the recipient genotype of the IL-6R SNP rs4329505 showed a strong association with 2-years non-relapse mortality, and this effect was also highly significant in multivariate analysis. IL-6 and IL-6R SNPs influence the clinical outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Impact of ovarian metastases on survival in patients treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal malignancy originating from appendiceal and colorectal cancer
Authors: Bignell M. B. , Mehta A. M. , Alves S. , Chandrakumaran K. , Dayal S. P. , Mohamed F. , Cecil T. D. , Moran B. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimOvarian metastases from gastrointestinal tract malignancies have been considered an ominous finding with poor prognosis. The aim of this project was to determine the impact on survival, and potential cure, when cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are combined to treat peritoneal malignancy in women with Krukenberg tumours.MethodA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data between January 2010 and July 2015. Female patients undergoing complete CRS (macroscopic tumour removal) and HIPEC for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) of appendiceal origin, or colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM) were included. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and survival rates compared using the log‐rank test.ResultsIn total, 889 patients underwent surgery for peritoneal malignancy, of whom 551 were female. Of these, 504/551 (91%) underwent complete CRS and HIPEC. Overall, 405/504 (80%) had at least one involved ovary removed either during CRS and HIPEC or at their index prereferral operation. Three hundred and fifty‐two patients (87%) had an appendiceal tumour and 53 (13%) had CPM. At a median follow up of 40 months, overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between patients with or without ovarian involvement in women with a primary low‐grade appendiceal tumour or CPM. In women with high‐grade primary appendiceal pathology, OS was significantly lower in patients with ovarian metastases compared with those without ovarian involvement.ConclusionWomen with ovarian metastases from low‐grade appendiceal tumours or colorectal cancer treated with CRS and HIPEC have similar survival rates to patients without ovarian metastases. Long‐term survival and cure is feasible in patients amenable to complete tumour removal.
Accountability as strategic transparency: Making sense of organizational responses to the International Aid Transparency Initiative
Authors: Pamment James 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAid transparency received a welcome boost in December 2011 when a critical mass of donors signed up to the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI), an electronic registry through which all aid expenditure is published using the same criteria. IATI launched with statements about increased effectiveness, improved collaboration and better decisions based on greater transparency. This article investigates the strategic nature of organizational responses to IATI. It places particular emphasis on subtle distinctions between norms and standards, diminishing returns on the production of additional data, and inconsistently communicated benefits. It concludes that these factors contribute to IATI membership being rearticulated as part of the management of organizations' visibility, hence reformulating compliance with IATI as a form of strategic communication.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐2: A potential role in equine insulin dysregulation
Authors: de Laat M. A. , Fitzgerald D. M. , Sillence M. N. , Spence R. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundEquine insulin dysregulation (ID) is a common and poorly understood disorder that increases the risk of laminitis. Recent data show that the condition may be associated with alteration of the enteroinsular axis and enhanced glucose bioavailability. Upregulation of glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2), an intestinotrophic peptide, leads to enhanced nutrient uptake and metabolic dysfunction in other species.ObjectivesThe study aimed to 1) determine whether GLP‐2 is differentially expressed in insulin‐dysregulated ponies, compared with healthy ponies, and 2) confirm intestinal expression of the GLP‐2 receptor in horses (eGLP‐2R).Study designCohort study.MethodsFasting and post‐prandial GLP‐2 concentrations were measured in archived plasma samples obtained from 25 mixed‐breed ponies during two feeding studies. Measurements were undertaken with an ELISA that was validated for equine use as part of the current study. Ponies were designated as healthy or insulin‐dysregulated based on an oral glucose test, and the results were compared between groups. The gene expression of the eGLP‐2R was determined with polymerase chain reaction.ResultsBasal, fasted plasma GLP‐2 concentrations were higher in ponies with ID, compared with healthy ponies. Grazing increased GLP‐2 in healthy, but not in insulin‐dysregulated, ponies. The eGLP‐2R gene was expressed in the small intestine and pancreas.Main limitationsThe study was performed with a relatively small sample size. The specificity of the GLP‐2 assay could not be determined due to the lack of equine‐specific assay standards.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that GLP‐2 may be important in the pathogenesis of equine ID and suggests that the eGLP‐2R may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of equine ID.
Lesions associated with the use of bits, nosebands, spurs and whips in Danish competition horses
Authors: Uldahl M. , Clayton H. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundInformation is needed to guide sport administrators in formulating rules for equipment use in competitions.ObjectivesTo seek associations between spurs, bits, nosebands and whips with injuries in horses during competitions in four equestrian sports.Study designCross sectional study.MethodsPost competition evaluations were performed in 3143 horse/rider combinations competing in Danish Equestrian Federation competitions in dressage, showjumping, eventing and endurance by trained evaluators who recorded the presence and type of spurs, bits, nosebands, and whips. Further evaluations recorded noseband tightness, (in three categories <2 cm, 2–3 cm, >3 cm), the presence of hair or blood on spurs; hair loss, lesions or blood on the ribcage behind the girth; abrasions and/or blood at the commissures of the lips; and swelling, lesions or blood on the forequarters or hindquarters. Statistical analysis was performed to determine relationships between discipline (dressage, showjumping, eventing, endurance), level of competition (level 0–7), type/tightness of equipment, and prevalence of injuries.ResultsThe presence of hair (3.2% of horse/rider combinations) and blood (0.4% of horse/rider combinations) on spurs were highly associated. Longer spurs and lower competition levels were significantly associated with hair on the spurs and worn hair on the horse's ribcage. Oral lesions or blood were visible at the commissures of the lips in 9.2% of horses and increased with level of competition but did not differ between bit types or bitless bridles. Looser upper noseband category was associated with decreased risk of oral lesions (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.51–0.86, P = 0.002). However, the absence of a cavesson increased the risk of lesions at the commissures of the lips 2.39 times compared with the loosest noseband (95% CI 1.4–4.11, P = 0.002).Main limitationsThe rules of the equestrian federation did not permit a full intraoral examination. Selection of rider/horse combination was not random.ConclusionsLesions of the skin or mucosa at the commissures of the lips may be decreased by limiting noseband tightness and lesions on the chest wall may be decreased by limiting the length of spurs.
Past, present and future of in vitro 3D reconstructed inflammatory skin models to study psoriasis
Authors: Niehues Hanna , van den Bogaard Ellen H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPsoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a significant socio‐economic impact that can greatly affect the patients' quality of life. The prevailing dogma in the aetiology and pathophysiology of this complex disease is that skin cells, immune cells and environmental factors contribute to psoriatic skin inflammation. For a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis, models are required that mimic the disease and which can be used to develop therapeutics. Over the last decades, in vitro human reconstructed skin models have been widely used in dermatological research and have also been developed to mimic psoriatic skin. This viewpoint summarizes the most commonly used in vitro models and the latest accomplishments for the combination of the dermal and epidermal compartments with other cell types and factors that are important players in the psoriatic skin environment. We aim to critically list the most complete and best‐validated models that include major psoriasis hallmarks with regard to gene and protein expression profile and epidermal morphology, but also discuss the shortcoming of the current models. This viewpoint intends to guide the development of in vitro 3D skin models that faithfully mimic all features of psoriatic skin. Such model will enable fundamental biological studies for a better understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of psoriasis and aid in novel therapeutic target identification and drug development studies.
Metformin ameliorates the age‐related changes of d‐galactose administration in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Fatemi Iman , Heydari Sara , Kaeidi Ayat , Shamsizadeh Ali , Hakimizadeh Elham , Khaluoi Amin , Allahtavakoli Mohammad 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMetformin (Met) has been shown to have pleiotropic effects such as neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory properties making that a potential candidate for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of Met on the d‐galactose (d‐gal)‐induced aging in ovariectomized mice. The female mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy. d‐gal was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg, and Met was administrated orally at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg for 6 weeks. Anxiety‐like behavior was evaluated by the elevated plus‐maze. Physical power was assessed by vertical grid holding test and forced swimming capacity test. The brains were assessed for the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Ovariectomy caused anxiety and declined the physical power as well as BDNF and SOD levels. d‐gal administration in ovariectomized mice exacerbated these deleterious effects. Met hampered the anxiety‐like behavior and strengthened the physical power of d‐gal‐treated ovariectomized mice. Met also increased the SOD and BDNF levels in the brains of d‐gal‐treated ovariectomized animals. Based on the obtained results, we suggest Met administration as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of age‐related conditions in the absence of female sex hormones.
An experimental investigation of the effect of TV cooking show consumption on children's food choice behaviour
Authors: Ngqangashe Yandisa , De Backer Charlotte J.S. , Hudders Liselot , Hermans Nina , Vandebosch Heidi , Smits Tim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFor several decades, television consumption has been crucial in the complex web of factors underlying the obesity epidemic. It has been suggested that if television cooking shows would endorse healthy eating styles, they may have positive effects on consumers’ eating habits. This study empirically investigated the consequences of exposing children (N = 85, aged 9–12 years) to an existing television cooking show episode endorsing the consumption of fruits and vegetables compared with exposure to a non‐food‐related science show. The measures included pre‐test and post‐test attitudes toward health/nutrition and fruits/vegetables, as well as state preferences for a list of healthy and unhealthy foods. At the end of the study, children were separately given the choice between a popular cookie and a piece of fruit as a reward; this was used as a behavioural measure. The results of a logistic regression on the behavioural choice measure showed that the mere exposure to one episode of the television cooking show significantly increased the odds that the children would choose a piece of fruit over a cookie. Repeated‐measures analyses showed that watching this single episode also decreased children's state appetite for unhealthy foods. State appetites for healthy foods and attitudes toward health/nutrition or fruits/vegetables did not change after watching the television cooking show episode. In sum, existing television cooking shows that endorse healthy eating positively influence children's food consumption in the short term and may have the potential to be used as platforms for nutrition education.
Corrosion of YBCO bulk superconductor in air
Authors: Diko Pavel , Piovarči Samuel , Antal Vitaliy , Kaňuchová Mária , Volochová Daniela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA corrosion process caused by reaction of surfaces of oxygenation cracks of YBCO bulk single‐grain superconductor with air moisture was studied. X‐ray photo‐emission spectroscopy, done on air exposed (001) surfaces, confirmed oxygen bonds related to barium hydroxide. Thermal analyses and mass spectrometry of exposed samples has shown a release of water caused by decomposition of barium hydroxide hydrates during sample heating. The sample weight increase versus time was related to formation of barium hydroxide phases at the surfaces of oxygenation cracks. The morphological changes of these phases at heating were observed with scanning electron microscope.
Resolving the Tensions Between White People's Active Investment in Racial Inequality and White Ignorance: A Response to Marzia Milazzo
Authors: Moore Robyn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article responds to Marzia Milazzo's article ‘On white ignorance, white shame, and other pitfalls in critical philosophy of race’ (2017), in which Milazzo argues that the concepts white shame, white guilt, white privilege, white habits, white invisibility and white ignorance are pitfalls in the process of decolonisation. Milazzo contends that the way these concepts are theorised in much critical philosophy of race minimises white people's active interest in reproducing the racial status quo. While I agree with Milazzo's critique of white shame and white guilt, I argue that these affective responses are fundamentally different to the remaining concepts. Drawing on critical whiteness studies and agnotology, I argue that white privilege, white invisibility and white ignorance are valuable conceptual tools for revealing (as opposed to minimising) white people's active investment in maintaining racial inequality. Whereas Milazzo sees a contradiction between white people's active interest in maintaining racial inequality and concepts like white invisibility and white ignorance, I argue that, correctly theorised, these concepts resolve this apparent contradiction. I contest Milazzo's call to reject white privilege, white invisibility and white ignorance, arguing that these concepts are useful tools in the project of decolonisation.