bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overlying Suture Causes Chondrolysis in Surgical Treatment of Acute Bony Bankart Lesions
Authors: Greenstein Alexander , Brown Alexander M. , Roberts Aaron , Chen Raymond Edward , Knapp Emma , Rao Pranay , Voloshin Ilya 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: Severe cartilage loss has been described in the setting of shallow anchor placement in arthroscopic shoulder surgery. There has been no previous investigation into the effects of cartilage loss due to suture from suture anchors overlying the repaired bony fragment. Current arthroscopic techniques for bony Bankart repair involve placement of suture overlying articular cartilage. We hypothesize there will be cartilage loss over time due to the presence of suture from suture anchors in acute bony Bankart repairs, and double-row reconstruction will cause increased humeral head cartilage loss due to an overall larger surface area when compared to single-row reconstruction. Methods: Testing was performed on 24 cadaveric glenoids, 12 right and 12 left, with simulated bony Bankart fractures with a defect width of 25% of the glenoid diameter. Half of the fractures were repaired with a double-row technique, while the contralateral glenoids were repaired with a single-row technique. Samples were randomized by blinded envelopes. Samples were subjected to 20,000 cycles of internal-external rotation across a 90o arc at 2 Hz after a compressive load of 750-N or 90% BW, whichever was less, was applied to simulate wear. Cartilage defects were quantified through a custom MATLAB script. Images were excluded for poor quality, or inadvertent tissue folding during tissue processing. Mean cartilage cutout differences were analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. Results: A total of 92 images were analyzed, 51 double-row and 41 single-row. The double-row technique resulted in significantly (p=0.027) more cartilage cutout (99,746.1 µm2, SD=65,864.8 µm2) than single row repair (mean=68,884.5 µm2, SD=44,373 µm2). Conclusion: Both the single-row and double-row fixation techniques resulted in damage to the humeral articular cartilage. The double-row fixation technique resulted in significantly increased chondrolysis to the humeral head after simulated wear in this cadaveric model. Despite the biomechanical superiority of double-row repair, surgeons must be aware of the increased rate of chondrolysis involved with this technique.
Estrogen signaling effects on muscle-specific immune responses through controlling the recruitment and function of macrophages and T cells
Authors: Liao Zhao Hong , Huang Tao , Xiao Jiang Wei , Gu Rui Cai , Ouyang Jun , Wu Gang , Liao Hua 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Estrogen signaling is indispensable for muscle regeneration, yet the role of estrogen in the development of muscle inflammation, especially in the intramuscular T cell response, and the influence on the intrinsic immuno-behaviors of myofibers remain largely unknown. We investigated this issue using the mice model of cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced myoinjury, with or without estrogen level adjustment.

Methods
CTX injection i.m. (tibialis anterior, TA) was performed for preparing mice myoinjury model. Injection s.c. of 17β-estradiol (E2) or estrogen receptor antagonist 4-OHT, or ovariectomy (OVX), was used to change estrogen level of animal models in vivo. Serum E2 level was evaluated by ELISA. Gene levels of estrogen receptor (ERs) and cytokines/chemokines in inflamed muscle were monitored by qPCR. Inflammatory infiltration was observed by immunofluorescence. Macrophage and T cell phenotypes were analyzed by FACS. Immunoblotting was used to assess protein levels of ERs and immunomolecules in C2C12 myotubes treated with E2 or 4-OHT, in the presence of IFN-γ.

Results
We monitored the increased serum E2 level and the upregulated ERβ in regenerated myofibres after myotrauma. The absence of estrogen in vivo resulted in the more severe muscle inflammatory infiltration, involving the recruitment of monocyte/macrophage and CD4+ T cells, and the heightened proinflammatory (M1) macrophage. Moreover, estrogen signaling loss led to Treg cells infiltration decrease, Th1 response elevation in inflamed muscle, and the markedly expression upregulation of immunomolecules in IFN-γ-stimulated C2C12 myotubes in vitro.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that estrogen is a positive intervention factor for muscle inflammatory response, through its effects on controlling intramuscular infiltration and phenotypes of monocytes/macrophages, on affecting accumulation and function of Treg cells, and on suppressing Th1 response in inflamed muscle. Our findings also imply an inhibition effect of estrogen on the intrinsic immune behaviors of muscle cells.
Insights into functional polymer-based organic-inorganic nanocomposites as leather finishes
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Ma Jianzhong , Xu Qunna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNowadays, the increasing demands from consumer challenges the traditional leather products. Traditional polymer leather finishes gradually lose their dominant position in the market. To address this issue, recent research effort has been devoted to developing polymer-based organic-inorganic nanocomposite leather finishes due to their various functional properties including antibacterial, self-cleaning and water-resistant property. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of synthesis of polymer-based organic-inorganic nanocomposites and their application as functional leather finishes. With the perspective of their properties and current challenges, an outlook in the future development about crafting functional and high-quality leather finishes are further proposed.Graphical abstract
Factors affecting mass transfer of protease in pelt during enzymatic bating process
Authors: Song Ying , Wu Siqi , Yang Qian , Liu Hao , Zeng Yunhang , Shi Bi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBating pelt with protease is an important process, which removes unwanted non-collagenous proteins from the pelt and moderately disperse hide collagen network. However, the grain surface, may be excessively hydrolyzed during bating due to the longer retention time of protease in the grain than in the middle layer caused by the low mass transfer rate of protease in pelt. Here, the effects of protease dosage, common auxiliaries and molecular weight of protease on protease transfer during bating were investigated so that we can find the key points to avoid excessive collagen damage, particularly in the grain. Observably, increasing protease dosage led to faster protease transfer and softer leather, but along with more considerable grain damage. Using penetrating agent JFC (fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether) and ammonium sulfate enhanced protease transfer and simultaneously alleviated collagen damage due to the decrease in interfacial tension and electrostatic attraction between protease and pelt, respectively. Additionally, proteases with lower molecular weight transferred faster in pelt, which suggests that a potential strategy to solve the conflict between the mass transfer and the reaction of protease in pelt might be to produce/employ smaller bating proteases.Graphical abstract
Exploring patients’ and carers’ views about the clinical use of ketamine to inform policy and practical decisions: mixed-methods study
Authors: Jilka Sagar , Murray Claire , Wieczorek Ania , Griffiths Helena , Wykes Til , McShane Rupert 
Published: July 2019

Background
Only one-third of patients with major depressive disorder achieve remission. One new and promising treatment, ketamine, may prove challenging to implement because of its abuse potential. Although clinicians' views have been sought, we need patients' views before large scale roll-out is considered.

Aims
To explore patients’ and carers' views to inform policy and practical decisions about the clinical use of ketamine.

Method
We carried out a mixed-methods study using data from 44 participants in 21 focus groups in three sessions and an online survey with patients, carers and advocates during a consultation day. Focus groups explored participant's views about ketamine as a form of treatment and the best way for ketamine to be prescribed and monitored. The qualitative data were analysed by two patient–researchers using an exploratory framework analysis and was supplemented by a survey.

Results
The ten themes generated were monitoring, information, effect on daily life, side-effects, recreational use, effectiveness, appropriate support, cost, stigma and therapy. Participants wanted better evidence on the safety of ketamine after long-term use and felt that monitoring was required. Collecting this information would provide evidence for ketamine's safe use and administration. There were, however, concerns about the misuse of this information. Practical issues of access were important: repeated travelling to clinics and a lack of sufficiently informed medical staff were key barriers.

Conclusions
Clinicians have some similar and some different views to those of patients, carers and advocates, which need to be considered in any future roll-out of ketamine.

Declaration of interest
R.M. has had UK National Institute for Health Research grant funding to study ketamine, is participating in trials of esketamine, runs a clinic that provides ketamine treatment, and has consulted for Johnson & Johnson and Eleusis.
Immunotherapy of Relapsed and Refractory Solid Tumors With Ex Vivo Expanded Multi-Tumor Associated Antigen Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: A Phase I Study
Authors: Hont Amy B. , Cruz C. Russell , Ulrey Robert , O’Brien Barbara , Stanojevic Maja , Datar Anushree , Albihani Shuroug , Saunders Devin , Hanajiri Ryo , Panchapakesan Karuna , Darko Sam , Banerjee Payal , Fortiz Maria Fernanda , Hoq Fahmida , Lang Haili , Wang Yunfei , Hanley Patrick J. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Bollard Catherine M. , Meany Holly J. 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE Tumor-associated antigen cytotoxic T cells (TAA-Ts) represent a new, potentially effective and nontoxic therapeutic approach for patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. In this first-in-human trial, we investigated the safety of administering TAA-Ts that target Wilms tumor gene 1, preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma, and survivin to patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS TAA-T products were generated from autologous peripheral blood and infused over three dose levels: 1, 2, and 4 × 107 cells/m2. Patients were eligible for up to eight infusions administered 4 to 7 weeks apart. We assessed dose limiting toxicity during the first 45 days after infusion. Disease response was determined within the context of a phase I trial. RESULTS There were no dose-limiting toxicities. Of 15 evaluable patients, 11 (73%) with stable disease or better at day 45 postinfusion were defined as responders. Six responders remain without progression at a median of 13.9 months (range, 4.1 to 19.9 months) after initial TAA-Ts. Patients who were treated at the highest dose level showed the best clinical outcomes, with a 6-month progression-free survival of 73% after TAA-T infusion compared with a 38% 6-month progression-free survival with prior therapy. Antigen spreading and a reduction in circulating tumor-associated antigens using digital droplet polymerase chain reaction was observed in patients after TAA-T infusion. CONCLUSION TAA-Ts safely induced disease stabilization, prolonged time to progression, and were associated with antigen spreading and a reduction in circulating tumor-associated antigen DNA levels in patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors without lymphodepleting chemotherapy before infusion. TAA-Ts are a promising new treatment approach for patients with solid tumors.
The Dystonias
Authors: Jinnah H. A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides a summary of the state of the art in the diagnosis, classification, etiologies, and treatment of dystonia.

RECENT FINDINGS
Although many different clinical manifestations of dystonia have been recognized for decades, it is only in the past 5 years that a broadly accepted approach has emerged for classifying them into specific subgroups. The new classification system aids clinical recognition and diagnosis by focusing on key clinical features that help distinguish the many subtypes. In the past few years, major advances have been made in the discovery of new genes as well as advances in our understanding of the biological processes involved. These advances have led to major changes in strategies for diagnosis of the inherited dystonias. An emerging trend is to move away from heavy reliance on the phenotype to target diagnostic testing toward a broader approach that involves large gene panels or whole exome sequencing.

SUMMARY
The dystonias are a large family of phenotypically and etiologically diverse disorders. The diagnosis of these disorders depends on clinical recognition of characteristic clinical features. Symptomatic treatments are useful for all forms of dystonia and include oral medications, botulinum toxins, and surgical procedures. Determination of etiology is becoming increasingly important because the number of disorders is growing and more specific and sometimes disease-modifying therapies now exist.
Tics and Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Singer Harvey S. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEWThe purpose of this article is to present current information on the phenomenology, epidemiology, comorbidities, and pathophysiology of tic disorders and discuss therapy options. It is hoped that a greater understanding of each of these components will provide clinicians with the necessary information to deliver thoughtful and optimal care to affected individuals.RECENT FINDINGSRecent advances include the finding that Tourette syndrome is likely due to a combination of several different genes, both low-effect and larger-effect variants, plus environmental factors. Pathophysiologically, increasing evidence supports involvement of the cortical–basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit; however, the primary location and neurotransmitter remain controversial. Behavioral therapy is first-line treatment, and pharmacotherapy is based on tic severity. Several newer therapeutic agents are under investigation (eg, valbenazine, deutetrabenazine, cannabinoids), and deep brain stimulation is a promising therapy.SUMMARYTics, defined as sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalizations, are essential components of Tourette syndrome. Although some tics may be mild, others can cause significant psychosocial, physical, and functional difficulties that affect daily activities. In addition to tics, most affected individuals have coexisting neuropsychological difficulties (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, mood disorder, disruptive behaviors, schizotypal traits, suicidal behavior, personality disorder, antisocial activities, and sleep disorders) that can further impact social and academic activities or employment.
Disease modelling in human organoids
Authors: Lancaster Madeline A. , Huch Meritxell 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The past decade has seen an explosion in the field of in vitro disease modelling, in particular the development of organoids. These self-organizing tissues derived from stem cells provide a unique system to examine mechanisms ranging from organ development to homeostasis and disease. Because organoids develop according to intrinsic developmental programmes, the resultant tissue morphology recapitulates organ architecture with remarkable fidelity. Furthermore, the fact that these tissues can be derived from human progenitors allows for the study of uniquely human processes and disorders. This article and accompanying poster highlight the currently available methods, particularly those aimed at modelling human biology, and provide an overview of their capabilities and limitations. We also speculate on possible future technological advances that have the potential for great strides in both disease modelling and future regenerative strategies.
Turning the tables: A university league-table based on quality not quantity
Authors: Barnett Adrian G. , Moher David 
Published: July 2019

Background: Universities closely watch international league tables because these tables influence governments, donors and students. Achieving a high ranking in a table, or an annual rise in ranking, allows universities to promote their achievements using an externally validated measure. However, league tables predominantly reward measures of research output, such as publications and citations, and may therefore be promoting poor research practices by encouraging the “publish or perish” mentality. Methods: We examined whether a league table could be created based on good research practice. We rewarded researchers who cited a reporting guideline, which help researchers report their research completely, accurately and transparently, and were created to reduce the waste of poorly described research. We used the EQUATOR guidelines, which means our tables are mostly relevant to health and medical research. We used Scopus to identify the citations. Results: Our cross-sectional tables for the years 2016 and 2017 included 14,408 papers with 47,876 author affiliations. We ranked universities and included a bootstrap measure of uncertainty. We clustered universities in five similar groups in an effort to avoid over-interpreting small differences in ranks. Conclusions: We believe there is merit in considering more socially responsible criteria for ranking universities, and this could encourage better research practice internationally if such tables become as valued as the current quantity-focused tables.
Periprosthetic joint infection: current concepts and outlook
Authors: Izakovicova Petra , Borens Olivier , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: July 2019

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication occurring in 1% to 2% of primary arthroplasties, which is associated with high morbidity and need for complex interdisciplinary treatment strategies. The challenge in the management of PJI is the persistence of micro-organisms on the implant surface in the form of biofilm. Understanding this ability, the phases of biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility and the limitations of host local immune response allows an individual choice of the most suitable treatment. By using diagnostic methods for biofilm detection such as sonication, the sensitivity for diagnosing PJI is increasing, especially in chronic infections caused by low-virulence pathogens. The use of biofilm-active antibiotics enables eradication of micro-organisms in the presence of a foreign body. The total duration of antibiotic treatment following revision surgery should not exceed 12 weeks. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:482-494. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180092
O Counseling como instrumento de aproximação e reconhecimento das experiências emocionais / Counseling as an approach tool and recognition of emotional experiences
Authors: Lima Júnior Carlos Mendes de , Chitolina Adalto Luiz 
Published: July 2019

O counseling é quem se dispões a aconselhar. Aquele que reúne um conjunto de habilidades, atitudes e técnicas para ajudar as pessoas a ajudar-se. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o homem já tem em si os recursos necessários, portanto o processo de interação entre o counselor (aconselhador) e o cliente, propõe-se a criar as condições para fazê-los emergir por meio de um colóquio centrado na pessoa. Uma relação ativa e altamente pessoal, antes de ser sobre o problema a ser solucionado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi evidenciar a importância da experiência interna e particular na vida das pessoas, definindo como possibilidade numa relação de ajuda, através da figura do Counseling. Conclusão: Ajudar as pessoas a estarem cônscias de suas limitações e de suas possibilidades, certamente a ajudarão a perceberem a vida e a si mesmas de uma maneira mais apropriada. Esta condição, implica em uma melhoria na capacidade de mobilizar recursos internos para reagir mais positivamente às circunstâncias desafiadoras e, consequentemente, a melhorarem sua qualidade de vida emocional.
Efficacy and Safety of Eluxadoline in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea Who Report Inadequate Symptom Control With Loperamide: RELIEF Phase 4 Study
Authors: Brenner Darren M. , Sayuk Gregory S. , Gutman Catherine R. , Jo Esther , Elmes Steven J. R. , Liu Louis W. C. , Cash Brooks D. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with limited effective treatment options. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of eluxadoline in patients with IBS-D who reported inadequate symptom control with prior loperamide.

METHODS:
Three hundred forty-six adults with IBS-D (Rome III criteria) were randomly assigned to placebo or eluxadoline 100 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. Patients recorded daily IBS-D symptoms, including worst abdominal pain (WAP) and stool consistency (through Bristol Stool Scale). The primary endpoint was proportion of composite responders, defined as patients who met daily composite response criteria (≥40% WAP improvement and <5 Bristol Stool Scale score) for at least 50% of treatment days, and recorded ≥60 days of diary entries over the 12-week period.

RESULTS:
Over 12 weeks, a significantly greater proportion of eluxadoline patients achieved the primary composite responder endpoint compared to placebo (22.7% vs 10.3%, P = 0.002), and component endpoints of improvements in stool consistency (27.9% vs 16.7%, P = 0.01) and WAP (43.6% vs 31.0%, P = 0.02). Additionally, a greater proportion of eluxadoline patients met the composite responder endpoint assessed at monthly intervals compared to placebo (weeks 1–4: 14.0% vs 6.9%, P = 0.03; weeks 5–8: 26.7% vs 14.9%, P = 0.006; weeks 9–12: 30.8% vs 16.7%, P = 0.002). Rates of adverse events were comparable in both groups (37.4% vs 35.3%); no treatment-related serious adverse event, cases of sphincter of Oddi spasm, or pancreatitis were reported.

DISCUSSION:
Eluxadoline appears safe and effective for treating IBS-D symptoms in patients with an intact gallbladder reporting inadequate relief with prior loperamide use.
Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma Treated With CyBorD
Authors: Tariq Tooba , Dawdy John , Goyal Sachin , Mohamad Bashar , Singh Manmeet , Mutchnick Milton , Ehrinpreis Murray 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a life-threatening state generally occurring as a complication of conditioning regimens used for hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Hepatic SOS after a standard dose of chemotherapy in malignancies is rare, and there are only a few cases in pediatric literature. We report a 56-year-old man with multiple myeloma who experienced SOS after being initiated on chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, and bortezomib and who experienced a delay in treatment with defibrotide, because it is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for only patients who develop SOS after hematopoietic stem cell transplant.