bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATP in the mechanotransduction pathway of normal human chondrocytes
Authors: Millward‐Sadler S.J. , Wright M.O. , Flatman P.W. , Salter D.M. 
Published: November 2024

Extracellular nucleotides have been shown to have diverse effects on chondrocyte function, generally acting via P2 purinoceptors. We have previously shown that mechanical stimulation at 0.33 Hz of normal human chondrocyte cultures causes cellular hyperpolarisation, while chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage depolarise. Experiments have been undertaken to establish whether ATP is involved in the response of the chondrocyte to mechanical stimulation. Chondrocytes, isolated from normal and OA cartilage obtained, with consent, from human knee joints following surgery, were cultured in non‐confluent monolayer. Cells were mechanically stimulated at 0.33 Hz for 20 minutes at 37°C in the presence or absence of inhibitors of ATP signalling, or were stimulated by the addition of exogenous ATP or derivatives, and electrophysiological measurements recorded. Samples of medium bathing the cells were collected before and after mechanical stimulation, and the concentration of ATP in the cell medium was measured. Total RNA was extracted from cultured chondrocytes, reverse‐transcribed and used for RT‐PCR with primers specific for P2Y2 purinoceptors. ATP, UTP 2‐methylthioadenosine and αβ‐methylene adenosine 5′‐triphosphate all induced a hyperpolarisation response in normal human articular chondrocytes. No significant change was observed in the membrane potentials of chondrocytes isolated from OA cartilage following the addition of these nucleotides to the medium. In normal chondrocytes, the hyperpolarisation induced by ATP was blocked by the presence of apamin, indicating the involvement of small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels. Following mechanical stimulation of normal chondrocytes, an increase was observed in ATP concentration in the cell culture medium bathing the cells. The presence within the culture medium of suramin or pyridoxal‐phosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulphonic acid (PPADS) prior to and during the period of mechanical stimulation abolished the hyperpolarisation response in normal chondrocytes. The presence of mRNA for P2Y2 purinoceptors was demonstrated in both normal and OA chondrocytes by RT‐PCR. These results suggest that ATP has a role in the response of normal chondrocytes to mechanical stimulation, via P2Y2 purinoceptors. This response appears to be different in chondrocytes derived from OA cartilage, and may be important in the progression of this disease.
Associations of non-employment with common mental disorder subcomponents among working age population: analysis of national data from 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014
Authors: Perera Gayan , Jayapala KTDDP , Khondoker Mizanur , Glaser Karen , Di Gessa Giorgio , Stewart Robert 
Published: November 2024

Background: Associations between employment status and mental health are well-recognised and such associations may have multiple modifying factors which may also contribute to variations in results. Aims: We aimed to investigate associations between non-employment and CMD subcomponents and the extent of their variation across age groups using nationally representative data in Britain. Method: We used a series of national mental health surveys of adults living in private households: the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014. Employment status was the primary exposure of interest. Presence or absence of each fourteen symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), as the primary outcome, was ascertained identically in all surveys from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Odds ratio for the association between exposure and outcome and population attributional fractions (PAFs) for each association was calculated. Results: Within the highest-risk 45 to 54 years age group, all odds ratios were statistically significant and strongest associations were observed with panic symptoms (OR = 2.33), followed by depressive symptoms (1.90), worry about physical health (1.84), depression (1.82), forgetfulness (1.82) and somatic symptoms (1.70). In the 55 to 64 years age group, highest population attributable fractions were observed for non-employment as a hypothetical risk factor for panic symptoms (51.7%), phobias (44.2%), forgetfulness (39.5%), depressive symptoms (38.5%), worries about physical health (37.9%) and somatic symptoms (36.0%). Conclusions: The particularly high impact in middle-aged, pre-retirement groups of non-employment on CMD suggests a policy focus on alleviating stressors and providing support for those made redundant and/or compelled to take unwanted early retirement.
Factors associated with depressive symptoms among 1,502 couples in the immediate puerperium
Authors: Hernández-Santillán Gina , Gurpegui Manuel , Alcamí-Pertejo Margarita , Lahera Guillermo , Bravo-Ortiz María Fe 
Published: November 2024

Background: Historically, perinatal depression has predominantly focussed on the mother-baby dyad, often neglecting the crucial role of fathers. Aim: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in the immediate puerperium (PDS) in both mothers and fathers, individually and concurrently. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional design. The presence of PDS was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with a cut-off score of ⩾11 for mothers and ⩾9 for fathers. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors independently associated with PDS. Robustness of findings was verified through sensitivity analyses among participants without prior psychiatric conditions. Results: Among 1,502 partnered mothers and fathers aged ⩾18 years who met the inclusion criteria, PDS were present in 13.0% of mothers, 10.5% of fathers and 3.5% of both parents. Mother-baby skin-to-skin contact and the father’s pregnancy planning were associated with a lower likelihood of PDS in mothers. For fathers, financial difficulties increased the likelihood of experiencing PDS threefold. The presence of PDS in mothers quadrupled the likelihood of PDS in fathers, and vice versa; their EPDS scores demonstrated a moderate correlation ( rs = .38). Among participants without prior psychiatric conditions, the odds of co-occurring PDS nearly tripled if the mother had a history of abortion or miscarriage. Fathers who had increased potentially addictive behaviours showed a six-fold increase in the likelihood of experiencing PDS. Conclusions: Identifying depressive symptoms in both parents and incorporating fathers into clinical practice, research and health policy could enhance mental health outcomes in vulnerable populations.
Current role of focal therapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Tamburini Sara , Bianchi Lorenzo , Piazza Pietro , Mottaran Angelo , Ercolino Amelio , Rotaru Valeria , Pirelli Valerio , Presutti Massimiliano , Droghetti Matteo , Schiavina Riccardo , Brunocilla Eugenio 
Published: November 2024

Background: Thanks to the improved accuracy of multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) to detect and localize the dominant index lesion on prostate cancer (PCa), the concept of minimally invasive focal treatments (FT) has gained popularity. Nevertheless, although high-quality evidence that FT has favorable functional outcomes, definitive proof of its oncological effectiveness compared to standard treatments remains underreported. Objective: This study aims to explore the efficacy, safety, oncologic and functional outcomes of different type of FT for PCa. Evidence acquisition: A non-systematic literature review was conducted by searching on PubMed “prostate cancer” AND “focal treatment” OR “HIFU” OR “irreversible electroporation” OR “cryoablation” OR “focal laser ablation.” Overall, 22 articles published in English literature from 2018 to 2023 describing FT techniques for PCa were included. Evidence synthesis: Related to the field ablated, focal therapies include hemiablation (half gland), focal ablation (zonal-base) or targeted therapy (lesion-based). FT modalities can be categorized in thermal and non-thermal energy: thermal energy techniques include high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryotherapy, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and focal laser ablation (FLA). Focal brachytherapy, irreversible electroporation (IRE), and vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) are classified as non-thermal ablation. Each focal ablative treatments could be promising alternative to conventional radical therapies to treat PCa in term of mid-term oncologic and functional outcomes, however, limited data are available in comparison with standardized radical treatments. HIFU and Cryo are the most studied techniques and seem to be superior to radical treatments in term of functional outcomes despite associated with higher recurrence and retreatment rate. Conclusions: Current evidences of oncologic and functional outcomes of FT are based mainly on retrospective, non-comparative and single center studies. Thus, none of the focal therapies available should be considered safe alternative to standardized treatments in routine practice and should be offered only for well selected PCa patients with low or at least favorable-intermediate risk disease, unfit for radical options.
Transobturator hybrid tape versus synthetic tape in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: A prospective randomized clinical study
Authors: Mansy Islam , Elsayed Diab , Saafan Ahmed , Abouhashem Safwat E , Eliwa Ahmed M , Samaha Ibrahem Ismael , Taha Kareem M 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To compare the clinical and operative outcomes of transobturator hybrid tape versus synthetic tapes during mid-urethral sling in treating female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Patients and methods: This prospective randomized study included 63 women with SUI. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group I included 32 patients who underwent midurethral sling procedure using hybrid tape; and Group II included 31 patients that had synthetic sling, using transobturator tape approach (TOT) in both groups. Two patients in group I lost to follow up and one patient in group II lost to follow up. The primary endpoint was the safety of sling erosion and major complications. The 2ry endpoint was the efficacy that was assessed objectively by the Cough stress test and subjectively by International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) and this was assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months. The following variables were compared: operative time, post-operative pain scores, duration of indwelling urethral catheter, hospital stay, and quality of life (QoL) assessment (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form [ICIQ-UI-SF]) assessing the continence status before and after discharge from hospital. Results: Patients among the two groups were normally distributed with no statistical significant difference in patient’s demographic data and comorbidities. The hybrid tape procedure had a longer mean (SD) operative time of 45.3 ± 3.6 min, which was longer than that of synthetic tape procedure, at a mean (SD) of 29.5 ± (3.5) min. This increase was statistically significant ( p < 0.001). The mean time to return to normal activity was significantly shorter in Group II patients compared to those in Group I. Overall cure rate (defined as no more episodes of SUI or pad use) was statistically insignificant in both groups being 86.7% and 83.3% respectively. No bladder, vascular, nervous or intestinal injuries were encountered in either group. Pain was significantly higher in hybrid tape (Group I). Post operative urgency, and urge incontinence rates were not significantly different between in both groups. Two cases in group 1 and one case in the other group, and these cases were managed by medical treatment. Vaginal sling erosion was encountered in one case in group II which was managed by sling removal. Conclusion: Hybrid tape may be considered as a treatment option during TOT for female SUI with comparable efficacy and safety to synthetic tape. Long term follow up should be considered.
A Clinical Retrospective Study on the Qualitative Value of Multimodal Ultrasonography for ACR-TIRADS 4 Thyroid Nodules Ranging from 1 cm to 1.5 cm
Authors: Yuan Xiaodan , Wen Hong , Huang Mei , Xie Xumin , Yi Zhijun , Li Shengkai 
Published: November 2024

Introduction This study explored the clinical value and application of ultrasound contrast imaging technology in the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) TR4 benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from the medical records of 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria between January 2020 and December 2023. Each patient was evaluated using the ACR TI-RADS classification and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The agreement between pathological outcomes and ultrasound indicators and the diagnostic value and significance of each parameter were assessed. Results The diameters did not differ between benign and malignant nodules (P = 0.324). Ring enhancement was closely associated with benign thyroid nodules, with a negative predictive value of 100%. Homogeneous enhancement and enhancement intensity showed good diagnostic value for pathological results, with an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.8. This parameter showed a high diagnostic value for serial and parallel combinations of homogeneous enhancement and enhancement intensity, with a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 85.7% for the serial combination and 100% and 71.4%, respectively. for the parallel combination. Conclusion Among ACR TI-RADS TR4 nodules, diameter 1.0–1.5 cm was not significantly correlated with a benign or malignant nature. Nodules featuring ring enhancement with ring-enhancing features should be considered benign. Similarly, nodules showing no, homogeneous, or high enhancement with clear borders on CEUS imaging may be benign. However, nodules with uneven low enhancement or unclear borders may be malignant. Therefore, uneven and low enhancement on CEUS imaging may have a high diagnostic value for malignant nodules. Moreover, the combination of these features may have even higher specificity.
Comparative evaluation of first-attempt intubation success rate using direct laryngoscope with Macintosh blade and video laryngoscope during rapid sequence induction in patients undergoing emergency surgery: A prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chauhan Durga , Kumar Sanjay , Mahajan Shalvi , Sarna Rashi , Saini Kulbhushan , Sharma Amit 
Published: November 2024

Background: Airway management skills form the cornerstone of routine anaesthesia practice. Its role becomes more significant in emergency areas where time is of the essence. Patients presenting for emergency surgery require definitive airway management with endotracheal intubation. Rapid sequence induction with direct laryngoscopy using a Macintosh blade has been used consistently with varying success. With the advent of video laryngoscopes, their utility is being explored in emergency areas. We aimed to assess the role of a video laryngoscope (Medizintechnik, Sulz, Germany) in rapid sequence induction and intubation during emergency surgeries. Aim: We hypothesised that video laryngoscope would improve the first-attempt intubation success rate in patients undergoing emergency surgery. Methodology: In total, 76 patients presenting for emergency surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups (38 each), who were intubated with either a video laryngoscope or Macintosh blade during rapid sequence induction. This study aimed to compare and evaluate direct laryngoscopy using a Macintosh blade and a video laryngoscope during rapid sequence induction. Results: The two groups were similar in the type and indication for surgery. Airway characteristics were also compared, and there were no significant differences in all airway parameters, including mouth opening, thyromental distance, Mallampati grading and neck circumference. The first-attempt intubation success rate was significantly higher in the video laryngoscope group (p = 0.017, χ2 = 5.684). The Cormack–Lehane grade distribution was compared in both groups, with better glottis visualisation in group video laryngoscope (p = 0.028, χ2 = 9.123). Conclusion: This prospective, randomised, controlled study aimed to compare the first-attempt intubation success rate using direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh blade and a video laryngoscope during rapid sequence induction in patients undergoing emergency surgeries and observed that first-attempt intubation success rate was significantly higher in group video laryngoscope (86.8%) than in group direct laryngoscopy (63.2%). Therefore, video laryngoscopy offers an attractive alternative to conventional laryngoscopy while securing the airway in patients presenting for emergency surgery.
Submandibular Gland-Sparing Technique Versus En-Bloc Level IB Dissection in Oral Cavity Cancers with N0 Neck Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vetrivel G. , Moideen Areej , Jat Bhinyaram , Durgapal Prashant , Kumar Amit , Tyagi Amit Kumar , Patro Sourabha Kumar , Majumdar Kinjal Shankar , Singh Vikramjit , Ravichandran Nivedhan , Semwal Ankita , Sood Rachit , Hota Ashutosh , Yadav Akhilesh Chandra , Prasath M. Ramesh 
Published: November 2024

Importance Metastases to the submandibular gland (SMG) from oral cavity primaries are very rare. Hence, a gland-preserving level IB dissection technique is a feasible option without compromising the lymph node yield (LNY). Objective To assess the feasibility and noninferiority of the SMG-preserving dissection technique to the conventional en bloc removal of level IB in terms of LNY in patients with cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing elective neck dissection. Design Parallel-design, single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Setting Tertiary care health care center—Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, AIIMS Rishikesh. Participants Thirty-eight (n = 38) participants with 46 (n = 46) neck dissection specimens of OSCC were randomly allocated (1:1) into gland-preserving (n1 = 23) and en bloc (n2 = 23) dissection groups. Intervention Elective neck dissection comparing SMG-sparing level IB dissection technique versus en bloc level IB dissection. Main Outcome Measures LNY, lymph node density, and level IB operative time in both groups were compared between groups (α < .05). Results Median LNY ( P = .543) and lymph node density ( P = 1.000) in level IB did not show significant differences between the groups. LNY in level IB by gland-preserving technique is also not inferior to the conventional en bloc dissection technique (mean difference = 0.217; 95% CI: [−0.597, 1.032]; P = .593). The mean level IB operative time is significantly longer in the gland-preserving group ( P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance None of the examined SMGs were involved by the tumor. SMG-preserving technique is noninferior to the traditional technique of level IB clearance and can be used in elective neck dissections without compromising the LNY. Functional neck dissection has greatly evolved to decrease patient morbidity, and this method can be adopted in case-specific situations. Trial registration The trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry—India (CTRI/2022/05/042344) on May 2, 2023, https://ctri.nic.in/ .
Facing the AI challenge in radiology: Lessons learned from a regional survey among Austrian radiologists in academic and non-academic settings on perceptions and expectations towards artificial intelligence
Authors: Adelsmayr Gabriel , Janisch Michael , Pohl Maximilian , Fuchsjäger Michael , Schöllnast Helmut 
Published: November 2024

Aim This study aimed to evaluate perceptions and expectations towards artificial intelligence (AI) applications in diagnostic radiology among radiologists across academic, non-academic and private practice settings in the Federal State of Styria, Austria. It also sought to determine how participant's characteristics and AI-specific knowledge might influence these views. Methods An online quantitative survey comprising 20 multiple-choice questions in German language was distributed via email to radiologists in outpatient and hospital settings throughout Styria in 2024. Results Out of 149 radiologists contacted, 66 responded. Of these, 75.4% reported having basic knowledge of AI, 13.8% indicated good to very good knowledge and only 10.8% had minimal AI-specific knowledge. The majority (84.4%) expressed willingness to use certified AI software in diagnostics. About half of the respondents (50.8%) believed that AI would not fully replace radiologists in the next 10–15 years, although 46.0% anticipated partial replacement. Additionally, 87.7% did not foresee a decrease in professional income due to AI integration. 64.6% anticipated improvement in diagnostic tasks through AI, with this expectation being significantly linked to an academic career (χ2 = 8.97, p  = 0.01). However, opinions varied on AI's potential to outperform radiologists in diagnostics in the near future. There was no statistically significant relationship between participant's AI-specific knowledge and perceptions and expectations towards AI. Conclusion The study reveals a generally positive attitude towards AI among radiologists, with uncertainties about its future performance compared to human radiologists. Although AI is anticipated to positively influence workload without reducing income, there may be a discrepancy between these expectations and actual outcomes.