bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variables that Predict Serve Efficacy in Elite Men’s Volleyball with Different Quality of Opposition Sets
Authors: Valhondo Álvaro , Fernández-Echeverría Carmen , González-Silva Jara , Claver Fernando , Moreno M. Perla 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the variables that predicted serve efficacy in elite men’s volleyball, in sets with different quality of opposition. 3292 serve actions were analysed, of which 2254 were carried out in high quality of opposition sets and 1038 actions were in low quality of opposition sets, corresponding to a total of 24 matches played during the Men’s European Volleyball Championships held in 2011. The independent variables considered in this study were the serve zone, serve type, serving player, serve direction, reception zone, receiving player and reception type; the dependent variable was serve efficacy and the situational variable was quality of opposition sets. The variables that acted as predictors in both high and low quality of opposition sets were the serving player, reception zone and reception type. The serve type variable only acted as a predictor in high quality of opposition sets, while the serve zone variable only acted as a predictor in low quality of opposition sets. These results may provide important guidance in men’s volleyball training processes.
Competition Field Perceptions of Table-tennis Athletes and their Performance
Authors: Liu Ying-Chieh , Wang Ming-Yueh , Hsu Chi-Yueh 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The distinction between positive and negative perceptions is fundamental in perception models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between field perceptions of table tennis players and the outcome (net result) during the matches in a competition. Experimental data were collected from 10 elite table tennis players and analysed. The results addressed the following three competition field perceptions: (1) before the service, the player’s positive perceptions had significant effect on the positive outcome (winning rate) of that service; (2) the perception after the net result of the previous service increased the positive outcome of the next service, and (3) the player’s positive/negative perception during the matches affected the win/loss outcome of that competition. In conclusion, the player’s positive perceptions enhanced their winning rate during table tennis competitions. Therefore, during the training program, coaches need to develop positive perceptions and strengthen the psychological quality of table tennis players.
Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale: Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Five Different Sports
Authors: Monteiro Diogo , Borrego Carla Chicau , Silva Carlos , Moutão João , Marinho Daniel Almeida , Cid Luís 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale (MCSYSp) and invariance across gender and different sports (swimming, soccer, handball, basketball, futsal). A total of 4,569 athletes (3,053 males, 1,516 females) from soccer (1,098), swimming (1,049), basketball (1,754), futsal (340), and handball (328) participated in this study, with ages between 10 and 20 years (M = 15.13; SD = 1.95). The results show that the original model (two factors/12 items) did not adjust to the data in a satisfactory way; therefore, it was necessary to change the model by removing four items (two from each factor). Subsequently, the model adjusted to the data in a satisfactory way (χ2 = 499.84; df = 19; χ2/df = 26.30; p < .001; SRMR = .037; TLI = .923; CFI = .948; RMSEA = .074; IC90% .069–.080) and was invariant by gender and team sports (soccer, handball, basketball, futsal) (ΔCFK≤.01); however, it was not invariant between swimming and team sports (soccer, handball, basketball, futsal) (ΔCFI ≥ .01). In conclusion, the MCSYSp (two factors/eight items) is a valid and reliable choice that is transversal not only to gender, but also to the different studied team sports to measure the perception of the motivational climate in athletes. Future studies can research more deeply the invariance analysis between individual sports to better understand the invariance of the model between individual and team sports.
Fatigue Responses in Various Muscle Groups in Well-Trained Competitive Male Players after a Simulated Soccer Game
Authors: Fransson Dan , Vigh-Larsen Jeppe Foged , Fatouros Ioannis G. , Krustrup Peter , Mohr Magni 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We examined the degree of post-game fatigue and the recovery pattern in various leg and upper-body muscle groups after a simulated soccer game. Well-trained competitive male soccer players (n = 12) participated in the study. The players completed the Copenhagen Soccer Test, a 2 x 45 min simulated soccer protocol, following baseline measures of maximal voluntary contractions of multiple muscle groups and systemic markers of muscle damage and inflammation at 0, 24 and 48 h into recovery. All muscle groups had a strength decrement (p ≤ 0.05) at 0 h post-match with knee flexors (14 ± 3%) and hip abductors (6 ± 1%) demonstrating the largest and smallest impairment. However, 24 h into recovery all individual muscles had recovered. When pooled in specific muscle groups, the trunk muscles and knee joint muscles presented the largest decline 0 h post-match, 11 ± 2% for both, with the performance decrement still persistent (4 ± 1%, p ≤ 0.05) for trunk muscles 24 h into recovery. Large inter-player variations were observed in game-induced fatigue and recovery patterns in the various muscle groups. Markers of muscle damage and inflammation peaked 0 h post-match (myoglobin) and 24 h into recovery (creatine kinase), respectively, but thereafter returned to baseline. Intermittent test performance correlated with creatine kinase activity 24 h after the Copenhagen Soccer Test (r = -0.70; p = 0.02). In conclusion, post-game fatigue is evident in multiple muscle groups with knee flexors showing the greatest performance decrement. Fatigue and recovery patterns vary markedly between muscle groups and players, yet trunk muscles display the slowest recovery.
Urinary Steroid Profile in Ironman Triathletes
Authors: Marcos-Serrano Marta , Olcina Guillermo , Crespo Carmen , Brooks Darrell , Timon Rafael 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine variations in the urinary steroid profile of triathletes following an Ironman event. A total of 10 male participants (age = 36.0 ± 1.27 years; body height = 179.29 ± 10.77 cm; body mass = 74.50 ± 1.04 kg) completed an Ironman Championship. Urine samples were collected before, immediately after, and 24 hours following the race. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to detect and quantify catabolic and anabolic hormones: Androsterone, Dehydroepiandrosteone (DHEA), Androstenedione and Testosterone (T), Betaestradiol, Estrone, Progesterone, Cortisol (C), Cortisone, Tetrahydrocortisol (THE) and Tetrahydrocortisone (THF). These were measured in their glucuroconjugated and free forms. Androsterone (3297.80 ± 756.83 vs. 2154.26 ± 1375.38), DHEA (47.80 ± 19.21 vs. 32.62 ± 15.96) and Beta-estradiol (59.36 ± 11.7 vs. 41.67 ± 10.59) levels decreased after the event. The significant decrease of DHEA (47.80 ± 19.21 vs. 32.11 ± 14.03) remained at 24 hours. Cortisol (200.38 ± 56.60 vs. 257.10 ± 74.00) and THE (238.65 ± 81.55 vs. 289.62 ± 77.13) increased after exercise and remained elevated 24 hours later (200.38 ± 56.60 vs. 252.48 ± 62.09; 238.65 ± 81.55 vs. 284.20 ± 66.66). The following anabolic/catabolic ratios fell after exercise: T/C (0.85 ± 0.54 vs. 0.54 ± 0.29), T/THE (0.66 ± 0.29 vs. 0.40 ± 0.08), T/THE+THF (0.38 ± 0.17 vs. 0.24 ± 0.06), DHEA/THE (0.22 ± 0.05 vs. 0.12 ± 0.05), DHEA/THF (0.34 ± 0.02 vs. 0.21 ± 0.01) and DHEA/THE+THF (0.12 ± 0.02 vs. 0.08 ± 0.03). The steroid profile showed that athletes were fatigued after finishing the competition and a catabolic state remained 24 hours later.
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Gaming on Cognitive Performance
Authors: Douris Peter C. , Handrakis John P. , Apergis Demitra , Mangus Robert B. , Patel Rima , Limtao Jessica , Platonova Svetlana , Gregorio Aladino , Luty Elliot 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of video gaming, aerobic exercise (biking), and the combination of these two activities on the domains of cognitive performance: selective attention, processing speed, and executive functioning. The study was a randomized clinical trial with 40 subjects (mean age 23.7 ± 1.8 years) randomized to one of four thirty-minute conditions: video gaming, biking, simultaneous gaming and biking, and a control condition. Cognitive performance was measured pre and post condition using the Stroop test and Trails B test. A mixed design was utilized. While video gaming, biking, simultaneous gaming and biking conditions improved selective attention and processing speed (p < 0.05), only the bike condition improved the highest order of cognitive performance, executive function (p < 0.01). There were no changes in cognitive performance for the control condition. Previous studies have shown that if tasks approach the limits of attentional capacity there is an increase in the overall chance for errors, known as the dual-task deficit. Simultaneous biking and gaming may have surpassed attentional capacity limits, ultimately increasing errors during the executive function tests of our cognitive performance battery. The results suggest that the fatiguing effects of a combined physically and mentally challenging task that extends after the exercise cessation may overcome the eventual beneficial cognitive effects derived from the physical exercise.
Kinetics Study and Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of Esterification of Butyric Acid with Benzyl Alcohol: A Taguchi Methodology Approach
Authors: Khudsange Chandrakant R. , Wasewar Kailas L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe liquid phase esterification of butyric acid with benzyl alcohol was studied using homogenous catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid. The reversible second order rate equation was used to investigate the kinetic parameters of the reaction. The L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi methodology was employed to study the parametric effect independent variables on the responses equilibrium constant (Keq) and conversion (Xeq) of butyric acid. The parameters and their range such as catalyst concentration (0.5–1.5 wt%), temperature (333–363 K) and molar ratio (1–3) was used and considered as independent parameters for parametric sensitivity analysis. Non-ideal behavior of the reaction was studied using UNIFAC group contribution method. The effect of reaction temperature on the overall activity factor was studied. The relative parametric effect on theKeqandXeqwas found. In sensitivity analysis, temperature and molar ratio was the most influencing parameter on theKeqandXeq. The regression model was developed and validate by performing unknown experiments.
Population Balances Involving Aggregation and Breakage Through Homotopy Approaches
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Pınar Zehra , Constales Denis , Öziş Turgut 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Homotopy techniques in nonlinear problems are getting increasingly popular in engineering practice. The main reason is because the homotopy method deforms continuously a difficult problem under study into a simple problem, which then can be easy to solve. This study explores several homotopy approaches to obtain semi- or approximate analytical solutions for various cases involving mechanistic phenomena such as aggregation and breakage. The well-established approximate analytical methods namely, the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), and the more recent forms of homotopy approaches such as the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) and the Homotopy Analysis Transform Method (HATM) have been used to solve using a general mathematical framework based on population balances. In this study, several test cases have been discussed such as conditions in which the aggregation kernel is not only constant, but also sum or product dependent. Furthermore cases involving pure breakage, pure aggregation and a combined aggregation-breakage have been studied to understand the sensitivity of these homotopy-based methods in solving PBM. In all these cases, the solutions have been analytically studied and compared with literature. Using symbolic computation and carefully chosen perturbation parameters, the approximate analytical solutions are compared with each other and with the available analytical solution. A convergence analysis of the solution methods is made in comparison to the available solution. The case studies indicate that OHAM performs slightly better than both HATM and HPM in solving nonlinear equations such as the PBEs.
Instructional methods in computing education judged by computer science teachers and educational experts
Authors: Zendler Andreas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnswers to the questions of which instructional methods are suitable for school, what instructional methods should be applied in teaching individual subjects and how instructional methods support the act of learning represent challenges to general education and education in individual subjects. This article focuses on empirical examinations of instructional methods for computer science education supporting knowledge processes in the act of learning and their integration into the context of significant learning theories. The results of this article show that certain instructional methods are especially predestined for computer science education. They can also be attributed to behavioristic, cognitivist and constructivist learning theories; they are thereby localized and can profit from the empirical findings of the learning theories, especially in practical use on teaching computer science.
Tensions in specifying computing curricula for K-12: Towards a principled approach for objectives
Authors: Webb Mary E. , Bell Tim , Davis Niki , Katz Yaacov J. , Fluck Andrew , Sysło Maciej M. , Kalaš Ivan , Cox Margaret , Angeli Charoula , Malyn-Smith Joyce , Brinda Torsten , Micheuz Peter , Brodnik Andrej 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this article we examine key issues and tensions for developing and specifying Computing-related elements of curricula design, particularly the role of Computer Science in the curriculum. The article is based on a series of discussions and analyses of curriculum design across various countries with different approaches and traditions of Computing in the curriculum.
Transient international groups (TIGs): exploring the group and development dimension of ELF
Authors: Pitzl Marie-Luise 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the past years, it has become generally accepted that the social dynamics of ELF cannot be captured by the notion of a speech community. Instead, the concept Community of Practice (CoP) has gained widespread currency in ELF research. While applications of the CoP framework have given rise to valuable insights, even ELF scholars who work with the concept often acknowledge its limitations. Since factors like situationality and ad hoc negotiation are seen as particularly important in ELF interactions, many ELF researchers have recently emphasized the transient and dynamic nature of the social clusters in which ELF communication typically takes place, especially in light of the multilingualism and language contact. This paper offers a first sketch of how the social dimension of ELF might on many occasions be conceptualized as involving Transient International Groups (TIGs) rather than more stable CoPs. Building on the idea that the Individual Multilingual Repertoires (IMRs) of ELF speakers make up a Multilingual Resource Pool (MRP) in each ELF interaction, the paper argues that ELF theory-building and descriptive work would benefit from exploring the group and the development dimension of ELF more thoroughly than has been done so far. In support, the paper provides a qualitative case study of a TIG in the leisure domain of VOICE. This case study illustrates how an in-depth micro-diachronic analysis of multilingual practices and instances of explicit reference to languages, countries, places, etc., can make visible the group’s development of shared translingual and transcultural territory.
“You are struggling forwards, and you don’t know, and then you … you do code-switching…” – Code-switching in ELF Skype conversations
Authors: Brunner Marie-Louise , Diemer Stefan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes how code-switching (CS) is used as a key strategy in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) interaction. We use data from CASE, a corpus of ELF Skype conversations in an informal setting between students from nine European countries. CS in our data is commonly used as a communication strategy. A quantitative analysis shows that it occurs in the majority of conversations and across all nationalities. Participants mostly switch to their own L1, frequently also to their interlocutors’ L1, rarely to other languages. CS co-occurs with other discourse features, in particular other instances of CS and laughter. Based on a qualitative analysis, we distinguish three motivations and functions of CS: On aninterpersonal level, CS can underline group membership or cultural identity and create rapport, often in combination with laughter. CS is used to improve communication at thediscourse levelby conveying concepts that are untranslatable and possibly unknown to the interlocutor, in metalinguistic commentary, or to close lexical gaps. CS can also be used foraddressee specification. Through its combined qualitative and quantitative approach, the article aims at contributing to the analysis of the context as well as the motivations and functions of CS in ELF.
Language practices and policies in conflict: an ELF perspective on international military communication
Authors: Orna-Montesinos Concepción 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEnsuring linguistic operability in supranational organizations has led to thede factoimposition of an English-only policy in otherwise lingua-culturally diverse environments. This paper uses a combination of a literature review of military-related language policy documents and semi-structured interviews to explore the impact of those policies on the use of English as the working language of a professional context, the Spanish military. Broadly, the findings show that the standardization of linguistic certification procedures, a requirement for their participation in international operations, places these professionals in a disadvantage scenario in which lack of linguistic proficiency translates into the questioning of their personal, professional and institutional validity. The analysis of Spanish soldiers’ perceptions and attitudes helped to shed light on the conflicting interaction of language policies, practices and beliefs. Although English is valued as the language of work and therefore as a vehicle for interaction with other armies, for socialization or for contact with the local population, it is nonetheless viewed as an imposition of the globalized world, accepted with pragmatic and instrumental criteria, which entails the requirement of language certification standards they struggle to meet.
The use of English as a lingua franca in the Japanese second language classroom
Authors: Turnbull Blake 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite the growing interest surrounding the use and role of the first language in the second language classroom, the vast majority of research in the field has been conducted in classrooms where English is taught as a second language in English-speaking countries. Very little research has investigated the role of English as a lingua franca (ELF) in other language learning environments, such as those in which Japanese is learnt as a second language (JSL) in Japan. This paper investigates the purposes for which ELF is employed, and the perspectives of learners from multilingual and multicultural backgrounds on the use of ELF, in the JSL classroom. The findings show that English is employed to varying degrees in relation to proficiency level, and that learners themselves are generally welcoming of this use. The author suggests that learners seek security and comfort in what they already know, with ELF easing the gap between their L1 and their developing Japanese skills.
Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) Version 2.0
Authors: Cox Robert Sidney , Madsen Curtis , McLaughlin James , Nguyen Tramy , Roehner Nicholas , Bartley Bryan , Bhatia Swapnil , Bissell Mike , Clancy Kevin , Gorochowski Thomas , Grünberg Raik , Luna Augustin , Le Novère Nicolas , Pocock Matthew , Sauro Herbert , Sexton John T. , Stan Guy-Bart , Tabor Jeffrey J. , Voigt Christopher A. , Zundel Zach , Myers Chris , Beal Jacob , Wipat Anil 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeople who are engineering biological organisms often find it useful to communicate in diagrams, both about the structure of the nucleic acid sequences that they are engineering and about the functional relationships between sequence features and other molecular species. Some typical practices and conventions have begun to emerge for such diagrams. The Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) has been developed as a standard for organizing and systematizing such conventions in order to produce a coherent language for expressing the structure and function of genetic designs. This document details version 2.0 of SBOL Visual, which builds on the prior SBOL Visual 1.0 standard by expanding diagram syntax to include functional interactions and molecular species, making the relationship between diagrams and the SBOL data model explicit, supporting families of symbol variants, clarifying a number of requirements and best practices, and significantly expanding the collection of diagram glyphs.
Predicting semi-regular patterns in morphologically complex words
Authors: Rosen Eric 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We expect generative models of language to correctly predict surface forms from underlying forms, but morphologically complex words, especially compounds, can exhibit idiosyncratic outputs, which require an extra lexical listing. This results in (a) a poorer Minimum Description Length of our model and (b) failure of a grammar to capture patterning among exceptions. To solve an instance of this problem, we examine pitch-accent patterns of 2-mora-2-mora Japanese Yamato (native) noun-noun compounds, hitherto considered semi-predictable but which show gradient tendencies among constituents to trigger a particular accent pattern. In the framework of Gradient Symbolic Computation (Smolensky, Paul & Matthew Goldrick. 2015. Gradient symbolic computation. LSA Summer Institute Workshop. Chicago.), a type of harmonic grammar which allows partially activated feature values and weighted constraints, such gradient patterns can be captured through the additive combination of coalescing features on each conjunct, which results in a pitch accent when the summed activations surpass a threshold determined by the grammar. The ability of this framework to completely predict these semi-regular patterns holds promise that it can also explain similar kinds of patterns in other languages.