bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cocktail Strategy Based on Spatio‐Temporally Controlled Nano Device Improves Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Lang Tianqun , Liu Yiran , Zheng Zhong , Ran Wei , Zhai Yihui , Yin Qi , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Yaping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetastatic breast cancer may be resistant to chemo‐immunotherapy due to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC). Also, the control of particle size and drug release of a drug carrier for multidrug combination is a key issue influencing the therapy effect. Here, a cocktail strategy is reported, in which chemotherapy against both bulk tumor cells and CSC and immune checkpoint blockade therapy are intergraded into one drug delivery system. The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX), the anti‐CSC agent thioridazine (THZ), and the PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor HY19991 (HY) are all incorporated into an enzyme/pH dual‐sensitive nanoparticle with a micelle–liposome double‐layer structure. The particle size shrinks when the nanoparticle transfers from circulation to tumor tissues, favoring both pharmacokinetics and cellular uptake, meanwhile achieving sequential drug release where needed. This nano device, named PM@THL, increases the intratumoral drug concentrations in mice and exhibits significant anticancer efficacy, with tumor inhibiting rate of 93.45% and lung metastasis suppression rate of 97.64%. It also reduces the proportion of CSC and enhances the T cells infiltration in tumor tissues, and thus prolongs the survival of mice. The cocktail therapy based on the spatio‐temporally controlled nano device will be a promising strategy for treating breast cancer.
Surface Crystallization of Liquid Au–Si and Its Impact on Catalysis
Authors: Panciera Federico , Tersoff Jerry , Gamalski Andrew D. , Reuter Mark C. , Zakharov Dmitri , Stach Eric A. , Hofmann Stephan , Ross Frances M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn situ transmission electron microscopy reveals that an atomically thin crystalline phase at the surface of liquid Au–Si is stable over an unexpectedly wide range of conditions. By measuring the surface structure as a function of liquid temperature and composition, a simple thermodynamic model is developed to explain the stability of the ordered phase. The presence of surface ordering plays a key role in the pathway by which the Au–Si eutectic solidifies and also dramatically affects the catalytic properties of the liquid, explaining the anomalously slow growth kinetics of Si nanowires at low temperature. A strategy to control the presence of the surface phase is discussed, using it as a tool in designing strategies for nanostructure growth.
Ion Beam Defect Engineering on ReS2/Si Photocathode with Significantly Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Wentian , Zhou Qingwei , Su Shaoqiang , Li Jing , Lu Xubin , Gao Xingsen , Wang Xin , Jin Mingliang , Zhou Guofu , Zhang Zhang , Liu Junming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLoading 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) on p‐type silicon photocathode is suitable for hydrogen production in solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Similarly, various nanostructured TMDs exposing more active sites are widely explored for improving the PEC performances of composite photoelectrodes. Here, defect engineering using a controllable argon ion beam bombardment is presented on ReS2/Si photocathode. The atomic vacancy defects are introduced on the 2D ReS2 to realize high‐density active sites, which significantly enhance the solar‐driven hydrogen evolution reaction performance of ReS2/Si photocathode. The highest photocurrent density of 18.5 mA cm−2 (at 0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) is achieved, under a simulated sun irradiation.
A Stretchable, Highly Sensitive, and Multimodal Mechanical Fabric Sensor Based on Electrospun Conductive Nanofiber Yarn for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Nan Nan , He Jianxin , You Xiaolu , Sun Xianqiang , Zhou Yuman , Qi Kun , Shao Weili , Liu Fan , Chu Yanyan , Ding Bin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe development of highly sensitive, stretchable, and wearable electronic skin with multimodal mechanical‐sensing performance is of great research value for applications in health monitoring, and wearable electronic devices. In this work, a fabric‐like sensor with high flexibility and weavability that could detect the mechanical forces induced by pressure, strain, and flexion is designed. The fabric‐like sensor is woven by composite yarns (GCNF@ECYs) formed by winding graphene oxide‐doped polyacrylonitrile nanofiber yarns with in situ polymerized conductive polypyrrole on elastic yarns. The hierarchical structure of the fabric ranged from the macroscopic yarn to the submicron‐scale fibers to the nanometer‐scale particles as well as the wrapped structure constructed by winding conductive nanofiber yarn on elastic yarn. This offers more conductive pathways, larger deformation space, and multimodal mechanical‐sensing capabilities. The GCNF@ECY sensor unit has high sensitivity (the gauge factor was ≈68), wide pressure‐sensing range, excellent cycling stability, and good repeatability (over 10 000 cycles). The sensor can detect human respiration, facial expressions, pulse monitoring, and a full range of human motion. Moreover, the fabric sensor can be easily woven into textiles to produce electronic textiles with great potential in wearable human health monitoring electronics devices.
Enantioselective Synthesis of d‐ and l‐α‐Amino Acids by Enzymatic Transamination Using Glutamine as Smart Amine Donor
Authors: Heuson Egon , Charmantray Franck , Petit Jean‐Louis , de Berardinis Véronique , Gefflaut Thierry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEnzymatic transamination is a useful method for the green and highly enantioselective synthesis of chiral amines and non‐canonical amino acids which are of major importance as intermediates in medicinal chemistry. However, transamination reactions are usually reversible and synthetic applications of transaminases often require the implementation of an equilibrium shift strategy. Herein, we report a highly effective approach using glutamine as smart amine donor. This amino acid is converted upon transamination into 2‐oxoglutaramate which undergoes a fast cyclisation displacing the transamination equilibrium. We have developed a new activity assay in order to identify transaminases from biodiversity able to convert various α‐keto acids into valuable amino acids of l‐ or d‐series in the presence of glutamine as amine donor. Discovered transaminases were then used to prepare in high yield and with high enantioselectivity three amino acids of pharmaceutical importance, homophenylalanine, homoalanine and tert‐leucine by simply using a nearly stoichiometric amount of glutamine as amine donor.magnified image
Multimorbidity among elderly in Bangladesh
Authors: Sara Hasna Hena , Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Haque Md. Aminul 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundMultimorbidity among the elderly is a major public health problem in most of the developing countries, including Bangladesh, where the population is moving towards aging. Multimorbidity was defined as the co‐occurrence of at least two chronic diseases in a person whether as a coincidence or not. Little attention has been paid to the study of the prevalence of multimorbidity among the elderly in Bangladesh.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity among hospitalized elderly.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in two tertiary level hospitals with a sample of 566 adults aged 60 years or more. Data were collected from medical examination reports at the hospital and using a semi‐structured interview schedule through an in‐person interview. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity.ResultsThe overall prevalence of multimorbidity among the elderly was 56.4% and the prevalence was higher among females (64.18%) than males (54.17%). The most prevalent conditions were hypertension (33.0%), diabetes (27.6%), ischemic heart disease (12.0%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9%).ConclusionA high prevalence of multimorbidity suggests that there is an urgent need to develop geriatric health‐care services. Policymakers should pay attention to developing effective intervention strategies and programs to reduce the burden of multimorbidity.
In‐Situ Co‐Cross‐Linking of Phospholipase D and Poly‐L‐Lysine for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Phosphatidylglycerol
Authors: Li Saisai , Li Yan , Long Nengbing , Zhang Ruifeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhospholipase D (PLD) was effectively immobilized on a nanocomposite support composed of ZnO nanowires and SiO2 through in‐situ co‐cross‐linking with poly‐L‐lysine (PLL). An anionic and long‐chained bisepoxide cross‐linker was electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of ZnO nanowires prior to co‐cross‐linking. Under the optimal pH, 6.5, the loading amount of PLD reached an average of 114 mg per gsupport for PLL concentrations in the range of 0–0.6 mg mL−1. Co‐cross‐linking of PLD with PLL enhanced the activity of PLD remarkably. The highest specific activity of co‐cross‐linked PLD reached 25.8 U per mgprotein, which was 1.62 times as high as that of the cross‐linked PLD (15.9 U per mgprotein). (One unit of PLD activity [U] refers to the amount of PLD, which liberates 1 μmol of p‐nitrophenol per min via hydrolysis of phosphatidyl‐p‐nitrophenol at pH 8.0 and 30 °C). Under the optimized conditions, the yield of phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro) reached 98.6% within 80 min at 45 °C and pH 6.5. The co‐cross‐linked PLD not only exhibited good resistance to pH and heat inactivation but also improved storage stability and reusability. The yield of PtdGro remained ≥85.4% after 13 repeat uses.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Pterocarya stenoptera (Juglandaceae)
Authors: Wang Peng‐Fei , Li Yong , Qian Zhi‐Hao , Li Jia‐Xin , Ge Xue‐Jun 
Published: December 2018

Premise of the StudyMicrosatellite markers of Pterocarya stenoptera (Juglandaceae) were developed for future studies on the population genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of the species.Methods and ResultsBased on Illumina sequencing of the transcriptome of P. stenoptera, a total of 2452 microsatellites were identified from 83,674 assembled unigenes. One hundred microsatellites were randomly selected to design amplification primer pairs. Of these, 15 were successfully amplified and displayed polymorphism. For these markers, the number of alleles per locus and population ranged from one to six. The levels of observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.000 to 1.000 and 0.000 to 0.718, respectively. Furthermore, all of the 15 loci were successfully cross‐amplified in another congeneric species (P. hupehensis) and were demonstrated to be polymorphic.ConclusionsThe microsatellite loci described here can be used for future population genetic and landscape genetic studies on P. stenoptera.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer for Nonlinear Interconnected Systems with Time Varying Parameters
Authors: Mohamed Mokhtar , Yan Xing‐Gang , Mao Zehui , Jiang Bin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with uncertain time varying parameters (TVPs) is considered. Both the interconnections and the isolated subsystems are nonlinear. Sliding mode control method and adaptive techniques are employed together to design an observer to estimate the state variables of the systems in presence of unknown TVPs. The Lyapunov direct method is used to analysis the stability of the sliding motion and it is not required to solve the so‐called constrained Lyapunov problem (CLP). A set of conditions is developed under which the augmented systems formed by the error dynamical systems and the designed adaptive laws, are globally uniformly ultimately bounded. A simulation example is presented and the results show that the method proposed in this paper is effective.
Status Quo bei digitalen Werkzeugen und softwarebasierten Lösungsansätzen
Authors: Kirnats Lev , Joost Jan‐Niklas , Berg Sebastian , Frisch Jérôme , van Treeck Christoph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIm Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Begleitforschung zu Forschungsvorhaben, die seitens des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) im Bereich „Energie in Gebäuden und Quartieren” zur korrespondierenden Forschungsinitiative ENERGIEWENDEBAUEN gefördert werden, sind mehr als 900 Projekte hinsichtlich ausgewählter Themen ausgewertet worden. Bei der wissenschaftlichen Querschnittsforschung handelt es sich um eine Methodik zur Analyse von Forschungsvorhaben auf der übergeordneten Ebene. Die resultierende Analyse liefert einen verbesserten Einblick in das nationale Forschungsgeschehen. Den Schwerpunkt der hier betrachteten Querauswertung bilden digitale Werkzeuge, und softwarebasierte Lösungsansätze im Kontext „Energie in Gebäude und Quartieren”. Neben einer eindeutigen terminologischen Abgrenzung werden die querschnittsübergreifende Relevanz von Tool‐ und Softwareentwicklungen im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten, eine Typologie von softwarebasierten Lösungsansätzen, eine Tendenz zur Multiskalen‐Modellierung, die programmiertechnische Umsetzung, Lizenzierungsmodelle und das digitale Ökosystem der Anwendung im Rahmen dieser Querschnittsanalyse betrachtet.
Semi‐parametric analysis of overdispersed count and metric data with varying follow‐up times: Asymptotic theory and small sample approximations
Authors: Konietschke Frank , Friede Tim , Pauly Markus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCount data are common endpoints in clinical trials, for example magnetic resonance imaging lesion counts in multiple sclerosis. They often exhibit high levels of overdispersion, that is variances are larger than the means. Inference is regularly based on negative binomial regression along with maximum‐likelihood estimators. Although this approach can account for heterogeneity it postulates a common overdispersion parameter across groups. Such parametric assumptions are usually difficult to verify, especially in small trials. Therefore, novel procedures that are based on asymptotic results for newly developed rate and variance estimators are proposed in a general framework. Moreover, in case of small samples the procedures are carried out using permutation techniques. Here, the usual assumption of exchangeability under the null hypothesis is not met due to varying follow‐up times and unequal overdispersion parameters. This problem is solved by the use of studentized permutations leading to valid inference methods for situations with (i) varying follow‐up times, (ii) different overdispersion parameters, and (iii) small sample sizes.
Improving the network pinch approach for heat exchanger network retrofit with bridge analysis
Authors: Bonhivers Jean‐Christophe , Moussavi Alireza , Hackl Roman , Sorin Mikhail , Stuart Paul R. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTEconomic and environmental benefits result from increasing the energy efficiency of industrial systems. This article presents the application of bridge analysis concepts to improve the methodology of network pinch for heat exchanger network retrofit. In two simple examples, we compare bridge analysis with the network pinch approach, in terms of saving energy by heat exchanger network improvement. The first example is solved with both methods, while the second can only be solved by bridge analysis. In the first example, three different solutions are proposed, and the third solution leads to 3800 kW energy savings, i.e., the full savings capacity. In the second example, no heat can be saved using the network pinch approach, but two solutions are proposed using bridge analysis, which lead to 395 kW energy savings, i.e., the full savings capacity. Then, we discuss the advantages and limits of pinch analysis and the network pinch approach. Bridge analysis provides a broader perspective on pinch analysis, explains the natural presence of a pinch in a network, shows that removing cross pinch transfers is not necessary to save energy, and helps improve heuristics for creating new cooler‐heater paths in the network pinch procedure.
Control and experiment of a bidirectional chopper with an auxiliary converter
Authors: Ohnishi Haruna , Hagiwara Makoto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA conventional medium‐voltage large‐capacity bidirectional chopper used in a battery energy storage system for DC electric railways is equipped with a heavy and bulky inductor for current smoothing. This paper presents the experimental verification of a bidirectional chopper with an auxiliary converter for the purpose of reducing the size and weight of an inductor. The auxiliary converter is formed by the cascade connection of multiple single‐phase full‐bridge converter cells. Applying the so‐called “phase‐shifted PWM” to each of the cells can reduce the voltage step across an inductor and increase the ripple frequency, resulting in a significant reduction in size and weight of the inductor. This paper discusses the operating principles and control method of the bidirectional chopper, followed by experiments using a 150‐V, 2‐kW down‐scaled model.
Morphine Sensing by a Green Modified Molecularly Imprinted Poly L‐Lysine/Sodium Alginate‐activated Carbon/Glassy Carbon Electrode Based on Computational Design
Authors: Salajegheh Maryam , Kazemipour Maryam , Foroghi Mohammad Mehdi , Ansari Mehdi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA different molecularly imprinted composite film with the exploit of computational design is synthesized. The proposed composite is used for electrode modification to determine morphine. The ratio of monomer to template in optimum condition was obtained 4. The modification of the electrode was achieved by electropolymerizing L‐lysine in the presence of morphine on the surface of sodium alginate and activated carbon (SA‐AC) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The SA‐AC composite with special surface area suits for making sensitive sensors. Morphine showed an anodic peak in buffer solution of phosphate (pH=6.0) on MIP/SA‐AC/GCE. The optimization of the practical factors on the response and electrochemical behavior of template morphine on the modified electrode were precisely surveyed. The DPV outcomes exhibit high sensitivity for morphine detection within 0.1–1000.0 μM and limit of detection as 48 nM (S/N=3). The application of this disposable sensor in the case of urine samples was quite satisfactory.
High‐throughput 96‐well solid‐phase extraction for preparation of tetracycline followed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Chen Kang , Wang Jie , Li Shiyan , Wang Yang , Zhang Yiqi , Shen Qing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTetracyclines abuse has frequently occurred in aquaculture against bacteria, rickettsiae, spirochetes, and mycoplasmas. In this study, a high‐throughput sample preparation method was developed using 96‐well plate solid‐phase extraction (p‐SPE) and the extract was analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The experimental conditions were optimized such that the pH is 4, the eluting solvent is methanol (2 mL), and the sorbent is hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) microsphere. The whole protocol was validated, and it showed that the tetracyclines were linear with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.9990, precision and accuracy (RSD%) in 3.9–6.1%, and mean recoveries of 88.6–103.6%. To exhibit the potential of 96‐well p‐SPE as a routine tool for inspection and quarantine, fresh aquatic samples were tested, and among which positive samples were observed. This method was demonstrated to be promising for the purification and enrichment of tetracyclines with reduced time and labor, and indeed practically and particularly suitable for widespread tetracyclines analysis.
From conventional to mechanised tunnelling – A technical and operational challenge
Authors: Joham Kurt 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe article provides a summarised report about the redesign of the 8,822 m long Boßler Tunnel from the originally intended shotcrete method to a mechanically driven tunnel. The twin‐bore Boßler Tunnel is the main contract on the Albaufstieg (Alb ascent) section of the new DB line from Wendlingen to Ulm as part of the major DB project Stuttgart–Ulm. In 2012, the tunnel was tendered by the DB AG for construction by conventional methods with shotcrete support, but a bid for the Boßler Tunnel was received from the consortium Porr, Hinteregger, Östu/Stettin and Swietelsky with an alternative proposal to drive a 2,900 m long section of the tunnel with a machine. The contract was awarded with the alternative proposal and during the construction of the Boßler Tunnel, a change was then made to complete mechanised tunnelling in a unique technical and operational process. The report provides an insight into the challenges of a change to the overall construction system, undertaken after the award during the construction period, for the driving of altogether 17,500 m of tunnel bores. Construction operations, logistics, design for construction, additional investigation measures and contractual parameters were reorganised and redesigned on a tight schedule. Starting with the original 5,800 m TBM drive and the start of tunnelling in April 2015, the entire Boßler Tunnel was actually constructed as a mechanically driven single‐pass tunnel by June 2018.
On the median pharyngeal valve of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Young Bruce A. , Bierman Hilary S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe middle ear cavities of crocodilians have complex connections with the pharyngeal lumen, including lateral and median components which both open into a single chamber located on the dorsal midline of the pharynx. This chamber and the surrounding soft‐tissue is herein termed the median pharyngeal valve. In the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) this valve opens, for a duration of 0.3 s, approximately every 120 s; the patency of the median pharyngeal valve was not influenced by either auditory stimuli or by submersing the alligator underwater. The median pharyngeal valve has an outer capsule of dense connective tissue and fibrocartilage and an inner “plug” of loose connective tissue. These opposing surfaces are lined by respiratory epithelium and separated by a cavity that is continuous with the middle ear cavities and the pharyngeal lumen (through a central opening in the capsule termed the pore). The inner plug of the median pharyngeal valve is contacted by skeletal muscles positioned to serve as both elevators/retractors (which would open the valve) and elevators/protractors (which, in conjunction with gravity, would close the valve). Unlike other vertebrate valve systems, the median pharyngeal valve appears to function as a deformable ball check valve.
The energy of hydrogen bonds in aqueous suspensions of nanodiamonds with different surface functionalization
Authors: Laptinskiy K.A. , Bokarev A.N. , Dolenko S.A. , Plastun I.L. , Sarmanova O.E. , Shenderova O.A. , Dolenko T.A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs a result of an experimental study of the Raman scattering valence bands of water in aqueous suspensions of detonation nanodiamonds with different functional surface groups, the energies of hydrogen bonds in suspensions of nanoparticles were calculated for the first time. It is shown that the degree of influence of different functional surface groups of nanodiamonds on hydrogen bonds in aqueous suspension decreases in the series H > polyfunctional surface > OH > COOH. The obtained data are confirmed by modeling of optimized nanodiamond structures in water clusters and theoretical calculations of the bond parameters in these structures by the density functional theory.