bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The production of reactive oxygen species enhanced with the reduction of menadione by active thioredoxin reductase
Authors: Li Jing , Zuo Xin , Cheng Ping , Ren Xiaoyuan , Sun Shibo , Xu Jianqiang , Holmgren Arne , Lu Jun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1) is an important selenoprotein that participates in the reduction of thioredoxin and many other redox-related substrates. The enhancement of ROS production to cause cancer cell death is an effective anticancer strategy. Herein, we found that menadione substantially increased ROS generation via interaction with TXNRD1. To elucidate the mechanism behind this, various TXNRD1 mutant proteins were used to investigate the relationship between ROS production and the reaction between enzymes and menadione. A mutation at the C-terminal active site -GCUG of TXNRD1 to -GSSG or -GC, or the N-terminal active site C59S, C64S, or the deletion of the C-terminal 16 amino acid residues caused the loss of TXNRD1 activity needed for the reduction of menadione and therefore resulted in the loss of the ROS production ability of menadione. In contrast, the mutation of -GCUG to -GCCG resulted in an increase in the TXNRD1 activity towards the reduction of menadione, thus leading to an increase in ROS production. The co-treatment of the TXNRD1 inhibitor aurothioglucose and menadione could significantly alleviate the efficiency of ROS generation in vitro and increase the viability of A549 cells. Moreover, menadione could be reduced by the glutathione system and caused ROS production with less efficiency. These results demonstrate that TXNRD1 can serve as an effective source to generate ROS, which may provide a novel anticancer method based on the use of menadione.
Expanding the scope of candidate prognostic marker IGFBP2 in glioblastoma
Authors: Lindström Mikael S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Unfortunately, it has a very poor prognosis and no cure. In a recent paper by Yuan et al. (Bioscience Reports (2019), DOI:10.1042/BSR20190045) RNAscope was used to detect insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) mRNA in glioblastoma biopsies. The study revealed that patients with high levels of IGFBP2 mRNA had shorter survival and that IGFBP2 transcript level was an independent prognostic factor. It is also of value to determine the prognostic effect of IGFBP2 on established biomarkers such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) mutations or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation. In the present study, the combination of having a TERT promoter mutation, and at the same time a high level of IGFBP2 mRNA, was associated with very poor survival rates. It was concluded that IGFBP2 predicts the survival of the patients with TERT promoter mutation. This finding may have important implications for glioblastoma prognosis. IGFBP2 re-emerges as a candidate biomarker and potential therapeutic target in glioma. Further research into its functional roles during glioma progression may provide additional insights into this deadly disease.
The missing link: allostery and catalysis in the anti-viral protein SAMHD1
Authors: Morris Elizabeth R. , Taylor Ian A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Vertebrate protein SAMHD1 (sterile-α-motif and HD domain containing protein 1) regulates the cellular dNTP (2′-deoxynucleoside-5′-triphosphate) pool by catalysing the hydrolysis of dNTP into 2′-deoxynucleoside and triphosphate products. As an important regulator of cell proliferation and a key player in dNTP homeostasis, mutations to SAMHD1 are implicated in hypermutated cancers, and germline mutations are associated with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and the inflammatory disorder Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome. By limiting the supply of dNTPs for viral DNA synthesis, SAMHD1 also restricts the replication of several retroviruses, such as HIV-1, and some DNA viruses in dendritic and myeloid lineage cells and resting T-cells. SAMHD1 activity is regulated throughout the cell cycle, both at the level of protein expression and post-translationally, through phosphorylation. In addition, allosteric regulation further fine-tunes the catalytic activity of SAMHD1, with a nucleotide-activated homotetramer as the catalytically active form of the protein. In cells, GTP and dATP are the likely physiological activators of two adjacent allosteric sites, AL1 (GTP) and AL2 (dATP), that bridge monomer–monomer interfaces to stabilise the protein homotetramer. This review summarises the extensive X-ray crystallographic, biophysical and molecular dynamics experiments that have elucidated important features of allosteric regulation in SAMHD1. We present a comprehensive mechanism detailing the structural and protein dynamics components of the allosteric coupling between nucleotide-induced tetramerization and the catalysis of dNTP hydrolysis by SAMHD1.
The Effects of Amplification on Listening Self-Efficacy in Adults With Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kawaguchi Lauren , Wu Yu-Hsiang , Miller Christi 
Published: July 2019

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate listening self-efficacy ratings between aided and unaided conditions in different communication environments and to determine what patient- and device-centered variables were associated with individual differences.

Method

An observational, cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate 165 older adults with mild to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss who wore hearing aids at least 8 hr per week. Listening self-efficacy for both unaided and aided listening was measured using the Listening Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (LSEQ;
Smith, Pichora-Fuller, Watts, & La More, 2011
), consisting of a global score and subscales of Dialogue in Quiet, Directed Listening, and Complex Listening. Metrics to explain variability in the degree of improvement in LSEQ ratings with aided listening included patient-centered variables of age, pure-tone average, and personality and device-centered variables of hearing aid use, speech intelligibility index, directionality, and noise reduction. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (
Costa & McCrae, 1985
) was used to measure 5 personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). Associations were evaluated between LSEQ ratings and patient- and device-centered variables using a linear mixed-model analysis.

Results
Statistically significant improvements in LSEQ ratings were found for aided conditions (relative to unaided conditions), easier listening environments, lower pure-tone averages, and lower levels of neuroticism. Furthermore, the improvement in listening self-efficacy with hearing aids did not depend on the listening environment but did alter with severity of hearing loss, length of hearing aid use, and levels of conscientiousness.

Conclusions
Results of this study suggest that wearing hearing aids is associated with improved listening self-efficacy in a variety of communication environments. Aural rehabilitation and counseling may focus on improving listening self-efficacy to address the challenges of consistent hearing aid use and reduced quality of life related to hearing loss.
Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2019
Authors: Hassan Cesare , East James , Radaelli Franco , Spada Cristiano , Benamouzig Robert , Bisschops Raf , Bretthauer Michael , Dekker E. , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario , Ferlitsch Monika , Fuccio Lorenzo , Awadie Halim , Gralnek Ian , Jover Rodrigo , Kaminski Michal F. , Pellisé Maria , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Vanella Giuseppe , Mangas-Sanjuan Carolina , Frazzoni Leonardo , Van Hooft Jeanin E. , Dumonceau Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2019

Main RecommendationsESGE recommends a low fiber diet on the day preceding colonoscopy.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends the use of enhanced instructions for bowel preparation.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE suggests adding oral simethicone to bowel preparation.Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends split-dose bowel preparation for elective colonoscopy.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.ESGE recommends, for patients undergoing afternoon colonoscopy, a same-day bowel preparation as an acceptable alternative to split dosing.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.ESGE recommends to start the last dose of bowel preparation within 5 hours of colonoscopy, and to complete it at least 2 hours before the beginning of the procedure.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends the use of high volume or low volume PEG-based regimens as well as that of non-PEG-based agents that have been clinically validated for routine bowel preparation. In patients at risk for hydroelectrolyte disturbances, the choice of laxative should be individualized.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.
Combination Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Gleaning a Practical Approach from the Randomized Trials
Authors: Booth David C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has evolved from something PAH practitioners felt almost compelled to do, notwithstanding the absence of data, to a strategy proven by well-conducted randomized clinical trials. Whereas in the past, PAH treatment was limited to parenteral epoprostenol; today multiple drugs administrable either parenterally, inhaled, or orally have expanded the options for treating PAH patients. The SERIPHIN, AMBITION, and GRIPHON trials and emerging findings in FREEDOM-EV confirm the validity of a combined-therapy approach. Data from these trials in which either combined therapy was planned or an agent was added to background therapy have demonstrated significant reduction in the progression of disease and are on the cusp of demonstrating survival benefit. Combination therapy may be started simultaneously in some cases, but in many cases a stepped approach to initiating a second, or third, agent is better tolerated. Trials of all the specific combinations of drugs may not be possible, but a continuing trend toward treating PAH with multiple agents is likely. Currently, Food and Drug Administration-approved agents are predominantly pulmonary vasodilators acting through different pathways, with minimal impact on progression of the proliferative pulmonary arteriopathy that is the key pathologic finding in PAH. It is to be hoped that treatment strategies that result in halting progression and substantial reversal of pulmonary arteriolar obstruction will soon be discovered and available.
Antibody-dependent enhancement of influenza disease promoted by increase in hemagglutinin stem flexibility and virus fusion kinetics
Authors: Winarski Katie L. , Tang Juanjie , Klenow Laura , Lee Jeehyun , Coyle Elizabeth M. , Manischewitz Jody , Turner Hannah L. , Takeda Kazuyo , Ward Andrew B. , Golding Hana , Khurana Surender 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceNext-generation influenza vaccines and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are in clinical development. Some of these do not block virus–receptor interactions and thus are predicted to provide protection via alternative mechanisms at the postentry stage or use Fc-dependent mechanisms. Nonneutralizing antibodies have the potential to mediate enhancement of respiratory disease (ERD). Our study describes ADE with two different functional MAbs that destabilized HA stem domain, increased influenza virus fusion kinetics, and led to enhanced lung pathology and ERD in a dose-dependent manner in a mice model. This study underlines careful preclinical evaluation of next-generation influenza vaccines or antibody-based therapeutics that do not block influenza virus receptor binding.
Meaning hides in the confusion of the construction
Authors: Szcześniak Konrad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study revisits constructionist (CxG) views concerning detailed and often unusual semantics of schematic constructions, especially those located toward the closed-class end of the lexicon-grammar continuum. The discussion is based mainly on a previously unstudied grammatical construction with interesting semantic properties, and it is shown that although clear semantic patterns can be observed in its most common uses, the construction is capable of expressing meanings that go beyond a preliminary characterization suggested by typical attestations. It is hypothesized that two kinds of meanings can be observed in grammatical constructions. One is the typically grammatical, relatively general meaning known to be conveyed by closed-class forms. The other includes highly detailed readings found in clearly productive patterns, which function within a construction; these relatively rich meanings are not necessarily the content of a construction. Based on uses of a number of constructions discussed here, it is suggested that many characterizations of the semantic content of schematic constructions proposed in the literature may be too detailed. The study concludes in proposing a correlation, under which the degree of specificity of a construction’s meaning depends on the amount of fixed lexical material found in it.
Language as a ‘game changer’ for spontaneous trait inference
Authors: Marcelo Daniel , Garcia-Marques Leonel , Duarte Inês 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a summary of the project regarding language and spontaneous trait inference (STI) interaction. For 40 years, different methodologies had been used to study STI. However, these methodologies used sentences to elicit the inference, but they were never controlled from a linguistic point of view. We studied STI behavior when sentences were modified by adverbs of manner and checked linguistic parameters to verify which had more importance when the inference occurred. Results show that not only these adverbs modify the strength for STI, but they sometimes also change which trait is preferably inferred by the participants, adding new traits which were not available if the adverbs were not inferred.
Friends and Relatives as Sources of Prescription Opioids for Misuse among Young Adults: The Significance of Physician Source and Race/Ethnic Differences
Authors: Ford Jason A. , Pomykacz Corey , Szalewski Alec , Esteban McCabe Sean , Schepis Ty S. 
Published: July 2019

Background Given the public health issues associated with prescription opioid misuse, there is surprisingly little research on sources of prescription opioids for misuse. We know that free from friends/relatives is the most common source, that source is associated with patterns of misuse, and that sources vary based on the sociodemographic characteristics. The current research assesses how friends/relatives obtain the prescription opioids they freely share with others. Methods Data were from the 2009–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and focused on respondents aged 18 to 25 ( N = 106,845), as they report the highest prevalence of opioid misuse and are also more likely to obtain prescription opioids free from friends/relatives. Analyses used weighted cross-tabulations and design-based logistic regression to examine the relationships between sources of prescription opioids shared by friends/relatives and sociodemographic characteristics, substance use disorders, and risk behavior. Results The most common source was from one physician (68.8%), and 18.4% of respondents reported multiple sources of opioids. We also found significant differences in friend/relative sources based on school enrollment, sex, and race/ethnicity of the person obtaining the opioids. Notably, white respondents were more likely to report theft/fake prescription, purchases, and multiple sources. Finally, friend/relative sources were significantly associated with substance use disorders and other risk behaviors. Conclusions The current research assesses the sharing of prescription opioids between friends/relatives, highlights physicians as a major source, and identifies whites as a vulnerable group. Policy implications associated with the sharing of prescription opioids among friends/relatives are discussed.
Adoption of the 275-Patient Buprenorphine Treatment Waiver for Treating Opioid Use Disorder: A State-Level Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Knudsen Hannah K. , Lin Lewei (Allison) , Lofwall Michelle R. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Increasing access to buprenorphine treatment is a critical tool for addressing the opioid epidemic in the United States. In 2016, a federal policy change allowed physicians who meet specific requirements to treat up to 275 concurrent buprenorphine patients. This study examines state-level measures of buprenorphine treatment supply over 21 months since this policy change and estimates associations between the supply of 275-patient waivers and state characteristics. Methods: Monthly state-level measures of the number of physicians holding the 275-patient waiver per 100,000 residents were constructed from September 2016 to May 2018 using the Drug Enforcement Agency's Controlled Substance Act database. State characteristics were obtained from publicly available sources. Mixed-effects regression models were estimated to examine change over time. Results: During the 21-month period, the number of physicians waivered to treat 275 patients increased from 153 to 4009 physicians. The mean supply of 275-patient physicians per 100,000 state residents significantly increased from 0.07 (SD = 0.21) in September 2016 to 1.43 (SD = 1.08) in May 2018 ( t = −9.84, df = 50, P < .001). The final mixed-effects regression model indicated that Census division and the preexisting supply of 100-patient waivered physicians were correlated with the rate of growth in 275-patient waivers over the study period. Conclusions: Although uptake of the 275-patient waiver has exceeded initial projections, growth is uneven across the United States. Unequal patterns of growth pose a challenge to efforts to increase treatment availability as a means of addressing the opioid epidemic.
The Influence of Home-State Reputation and Public Opinion on Federal Circuit Court Judges
Authors: Owens Ryan J. , Wohlfarth Patrick C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAt least four observationally equivalent theories argue that federal judges follow public opinion when they decide cases. Yet there is mixed empirical support for these theories. Using recently released data on public opinion, we discover that state public opinion exerts a meaningful impact on the votes of federal circuit court judges. Perhaps more important, we leverage a number of different empirical approaches to identify which theory the data support. The data suggest that circuit court judges may change along with society but also that they follow public opinion because they care about their reputations in their home states.
Final report on COOMET key comparison of power (COOMET.EM-K5)
Authors: Velychko Oleh , Karpenko Stanislav 
Published: July 2019

An intercomparison for electrical standards of low-frequency 50 Hz/60 Hz power has taken place within the framework of COOMET. The intercomparison, piloted by State Enterprise 'Ukrmetrteststandard'-UMTS (Ukraine), has involved thirteen laboratories, including one who is a member of another regional metrological organization: EURAMET, APMP, GULFMET, and AFRIMETS. NIM (China) and VNIIM (Russia) are linking NMIs as far as they participated in CCEM-K5. The results presented in this report appear to show that there are significant differences between some laboratories' representations of the watt. However, the agreement demonstrated by the intercomparison provides confidence in maintaining traceability for the power at 50 Hz and 53 Hz for 1.0, 0.5 Lag, 0.5 Lead, 0.0 Lag, 0.0 Lead power factors.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Switching performance of bistable membranes activated with integrated piezoelectric thin film transducers
Authors: Dorfmeister M , Kössl B , Schneider M , Pfusterschmied G , Schmid U 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper we report on the fabrication of bistable micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) membranes, which have diameters in the range of 600–800 µm, a total thickness of 3.13 µm and feature integrated low power piezoelectric transducers based on aluminium nitride. To estimate the impact of the membrane asymmetry due to the integrated piezoelectric transducers, an asymmetric constant in the potential energy calculation of the bistable system is introduced, thus enabling a proper theoretical prediction of the membrane behaviour. To switch between the two bistable ground states, rectangular pulses with frequencies in the range of 50–100 kHz and a peak-to-peak voltage of 30 V
pp are applied. Two different actuation schemes were investigated, whereas one shows positive and the other negative pulse amplitudes. With a Laser-Doppler Vibrometer the velocity of the membranes during the bistable switching process is measured and integrated over time to calculate the membrane displacement in the centre. FFT (fast Fourier transform) spectra of an applied broadband white noise signal were determined in both ground states and showed a strongly decreased dominant resonance frequency in the lower ground state. The results also showed, that the asymmetry of the system causes different switching behaviours for each bistable ground state, whereas it requires less energy to switch from the lower to the upper ground state. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a minimum of two pulses are needed for switching when using positive rectangular pulses of 30 V
pp in contrast to four when applying negative pulses. The pulse frequency causing switching was in the range of 60–110 kHz, strongly depending on the geometry and applied signal scheme. Additionally, a positive voltage offset applied to the pulse signal characteristics resulted in both a wider range of frequencies suitable for switching and in a decrease of the dominant resonance frequency, which is also beneficial for the switching process and indicates the potential for efficient switching of bistable MEMS membranes.
The application of co-integration theory in ensemble pulsar timescale algorithm
Authors: Gao Feng , Tong Ming-Lei , Gao Yu-Ping , Yang Ting-Gao , Zhao Cheng-Shi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Employing multiple pulsars and using an appropriate algorithm to establish ensemble pulsar timescale can reduce the influences of various noises on the long-term stability of pulsar timescale, compared to a single pulsar. However, due to the low timing precision and significant red noises of some pulsars, their participation in the construction of ensemble pulsar timescale is often limited. Inspired by the principle of solving non-stationary sequence modeling using co-integration theory, we put forward an algorithm based on co-integration theory to establish an ensemble pulsar timescale. It is found that this algorithm can effectively suppress some noise sources if a co-integration relationship between different pulsar data exists. Different from the classical weighted average algorithm, the co-integration method provides the chance for a pulsar with significant red noises to be included in the establishment of an ensemble pulsar timescale. Based on data from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), we found that the co-integration algorithm can successfully reduce several timing noises and improve the long-term stability of the ensemble pulsar timescale.