bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vurdering for læring – en trojansk hest i skolen?
Authors: Birkeland Nils Rune 
Published: November 2018

Artikkelen undersøker hvordan gevinster ved evaluering og vurdering fremstilles i en autorativ OECD-tekst som evaluerer norsk skole. Undersøkelsen benytter kritisk diskursanalyse som metodisk utgangspunkt og trekker fram tre ulike praksiser knyttet til virksomheten i skolen i denne sammenhengen: Utdanningspolitisk forvaltningspraksis, pedagogisk praksis og forskningspraksis. Analysen viser at tekstens rekkevidde og utøvelse av autoritet går ut over den utdanningspolitiske forvaltningspraksis den er del av og også griper inn i skolens pedagogiske praksis. Dette skjer ved å skape legitimitet gjennom forskningspraksis, knyttet til fenomenet vurdering for læring. Drøftingen handler om i hvilken grad evalueringstekster mer allment bidrar til å endre handlingsrommet til aktørene i skolesystemet, og om hvilke muligheter aktørene som opererer innenfor den pedagogiske praksis har til å bevare sin autonomi under påvirkning av resultat- og målstyringstenkningen som preger New Public Management-paradigmet. This article investigates how benefits of evaluation and assessment are portrayed in a premise providing OECD-text evaluating the Norwegian school system. The investigation employs Critical Discourse Analysis as methodological stance, emphasising three different practices associated with the operation of schooling: Educational policy-administration practice, pedagogical practice, and research practice. The analysis finds that the scope and authority of the text is expanded from its rooting in the educational policy-administration practice, interfering with pedagogical practice. This process is legitimised by research practice’s affiliation with the phenomenon assessment for learning. The final discussion deals with to which extent evaluation texts in general constrains school professionals’ vocational movement. It also investigates which possibilities actors operating inside pedagogical practise have protecting their autonomy influenced by results-based accountability and management by objectives, originating from the New Public Management-paradigm
Classification of the glioma grading using radiomics analysis
Authors: Cho Hwan-ho , Lee Seung-hak , Kim Jonghoon , Park Hyunjin 
Published: November 2018

Background
Grading of gliomas is critical information related to prognosis and survival. We aimed to apply a radiomics approach using various machine learning classifiers to determine the glioma grading.

Methods
We considered 285 (high grade n = 210, low grade n = 75) cases obtained from the Brain Tumor Segmentation 2017 Challenge. Manual annotations of enhancing tumors, non-enhancing tumors, necrosis, and edema were provided by the database. Each case was multi-modal with T1-weighted, T1-contrast enhanced, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images. A five-fold cross validation was adopted to separate the training and test data. A total of 468 radiomics features were calculated for three types of regions of interest. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm was used to select features useful for classifying glioma grades in the training cohort. The selected features were used to build three classifier models of logistics, support vector machines, and random forest classifiers. The classification performance of the models was measured in the training cohort using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. The trained classifier models were applied to the test cohort.

Results
Five significant features were selected for the machine learning classifiers and the three classifiers showed an average AUC of 0.9400 for training cohorts and 0.9030 (logistic regression 0.9010, support vector machine 0.8866, and random forest 0.9213) for test cohorts.

Discussion
Glioma grading could be accurately determined using machine learning and feature selection techniques in conjunction with a radiomics approach. The results of our study might contribute to high-throughput computer aided diagnosis system for gliomas.
Dynamic Emission Tuning of X‐ray Radioluminescent Crystalline Colloidal Arrays: Coupling the Optical Stop Band with Sequential Förster Resonance Energy Transfers
Authors: Burdette Mary K. , Bandera Yuriy P. , Gray Gary M. , Foulger Stephen H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractX‐ray radiation exhibits diminished scattering and a greater penetration depth in tissue relative to the visible spectrum and has spawned new medical imaging techniques that exploit X‐ray luminescence of nanoparticles. The majority of the nanoparticles finding applications in this field incorporate metals with high atomic numbers and pose potential toxicity effects. Here, a general strategy for the preparation of a fully organic X‐ray radioluminescent colloidal platform that can be tailored to emit anywhere in the visible spectrum through a judicious choice in donor/acceptor pairing and multiple sequential Förster resonance energy transfers (FRETs) is presented. This is demonstrated with three different types of ≈100 nm particles that are doped with anthracene as the scintillating molecule to “pump” subsequent FRET dye pairs that result in emissions from ≈400 nm out past 700 nm. The particles can be self‐assembled in crystalline colloidal arrays, and the radioluminescence of the particles can be dynamically tuned by coupling the observed rejection wavelength with the dyes' emission.
Suppressing Ambipolar Characteristics of WSe2 Field Effect Transistors Using Graphene Oxide
Authors: Oh Hye Min , Park Chulho , Bang Seungho , Yun Seok Joon , Duong Ngoc Thanh , Jeong Mun Seok 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMonolayer (1L) tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is of interest for next generation ultrathin flexible electronic devices. However, typical WSe2 field effect transistors (FETs) show ambipolar characteristics that are not desirable for complementary field‐effect‐transistors and circuits. Here, significant suppression of the ambipolar characteristics of a 1L‐WSe2 FET is demonstrated by using an electron withdrawing functional group of graphene oxide (GO). The pristine 1L‐WSe2 FET shows n‐type dominant ambipolar characteristics, whereas the GO coated 1L‐WSe2 FET shows unipolar p‐type behavior with a huge decrease (1/106) of current level of the n‐channel. Also, the current level of the p‐channel increases up to ten times that of the pristine 1L‐WSe2 FET. These results are applicable for the realization of flexible nanoscale digital logic devices by using transition metal dichalcogenides.
Heat and mass transfer in three‐dimensional flow through a porous medium with periodic permeability
Authors: Ahmed Nazibuddin , Choudhury Kangkan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a theoretical study of a three‐dimensional mixed convective mass transfer flow past a semi‐infinite vertical plate embedded in a porous medium has been presented. The novelty of the present work is to analyze the influence of periodic permeability on the flow and transport characteristics in the presence of viscous dissipation and chemical reaction. The equations governing the flow, heat, and mass transfer are solved analytically by using asymptotic series expansion method. The variations in fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration fields due to change of various physical parameters are demonstrated graphically, whereas the numerical values of skin friction and the rate of mass transfer at the plate are compiled in tabular form. It is found that fluid velocity is increased for increasing permeability. Further, it is seen that concentration level of the fluid drops due to chemical reaction.
Combined effects of variable thermal conductivity and induced magnetic field on convective Jeffrey fluid flow with nth order chemical reaction
Authors: Raju Adigoppula , Ojjela Odelu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study addresses the impact of variable thermal conductivity and induced magnetic field on an unsteady two‐dimensional channel flow of an incompressible laminar mixed convective and chemically reacted Jeffrey fluid embedded in a non‐Darcy porous medium with an appropriate convective type boundary conditions. The suction/injection velocity distribution has been assumed to be in an exponential form. The set of transport equations is reduced into coupled ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similar variables, which are solved by shooting technique with Runge‐Kutta fourth‐order algorithm. The investigation is carried out for various emerging nondimensional parameters on the axial, radial velocities, temperature distribution, concentration, and induced magnetic fields and also with skin friction coefficient are discussed through graphs. The value of the local Sherwood and Nusselt numbers are analyzed numerically. We noticed that the effect of the induced magnetic field is increased with Strommer's number while it decreases for high magnetic Reynolds number.
Synthesis of highly potent lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 antagonists labeled with carbon‐14 and with stable isotopes, part 3
Authors: Latli Bachir , Hrapchak Matt , Li Guisheng , Lorenz Jon , Horan Josh , Busacca Carl A. , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: November 2018

The drug candidates (2) and (3) are highly potent LFA‐1 inhibitors. They were efficiently prepared labeled with carbon‐14 using a palladium‐catalyzed carboxylation of an iodo‐precursor (5) and sodium formate‐14C to afford acid [14C]‐(6), which was coupled via an amide bond to chiral amines (7) and (8) in 52% and 48% overall yield, respectively, and with specific activities higher than 56 mCi/mmol and radiochemical purities of 99%. For stable isotopes synthesis, the amine [2H8]‐(7) was synthesized in three steps from 2‐cyanopyridine‐2H4 using Kulinkovich‐Szymonik aminocyclopropanation, followed by coupling to L‐alanine‐2,3,3,3‐2H4‐N‐t‐BOC, and then removal of the BOC‐protecting group. Amide bond formation with acid (6) gave [2H8]‐(2) in 36% overall yield. The amine [13C4,15N]‐(8) was obtained in two steps using L‐threonine‐14C4,15N and then coupled to acid [13C]‐(6) to give [13C5,15N]‐(3) in 56% overall yield.
Advanced Polymers for Reduced Energy Consumption in Architecture
Authors: Heifferon Katherine V. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn an effort to slow the progress of climate change, the current scientific community has focused on the reduction of greenhouse gases in order to limit the global average temperature inflation to less than 2 °C. The improvement of thermally controlled construction materials can potentially result in lower energy homes/reduced emissions, and lowering the thermal conductivity of insulation materials improves home energy efficiency. Nanoporous insulation foams impart a drastic decrease in thermal conductivity but many polymer properties must be assessed to produce these materials. Passive phase‐change materials also represent another key energy‐saving device to control heat flux within a living space. Research into unique polymeric systems provides a novel means of encapsulation or creating polymeric cross‐linked matrices to prevent leakage and improve mechanical robustness. These two areas of polymer research in architecture represent key advancements for construction materials aimed toward energy savings and energy‐related emissions control.
The gravity dual of real-time CFT at finite temperature
Authors: Botta-Cantcheff Marcelo , Martínez Pedro J. , Silva Guillermo A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present a spherically symmetric aAdS gravity solution with Schwinger-Keldysh boundary condition dual to a CFT at finite temperature defined on a complex time contour. The geometry is built by gluing the exterior of a two-sided AdS Black Hole, the (aAdS) Einstein-Rosen wormhole, with two Euclidean black hole halves. These pieces are interpreted as the gravity duals of the two Euclideanβ/2 segments in the SK path, each coinciding with a Hartle-Hawking-Maldacena (TFD) vacuum state, while the Lorentzian regions naturally describes the real-time evolution of the TFD doubled system.Within the context of Skenderis and van Rees real-time holographic prescription, the new solution should be compared to the Thermal AdS spacetime since both contribute to the gravitational path integral. In this framework, we compute the time ordered 2-pt functions of scalar CFT operators via a non-back-reacting Klein-Gordon field for both backgrounds and confront the results. When solving for the field we find that the gluing leads to a geometric realization of the Unruh trick via a completely holographic prescription. Interesting observations follow from$$ \left\langle {\mathcal{O}}_L{\mathcal{O}}_R\right\rangle $$OLOR, which capture details of the entanglement of the (ground) state and the connectivity of the spacetime.
Nephronophthise und assoziierte Ziliopathien
Authors: Titieni Andrea , König Jens 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Nephronophthise ist eine autosomal-rezessive tubulointerstitielle Nierenerkrankung und stellt die häufigste genetische Ursache für ein terminales Nierenversagen im Kindes- und Jugendalter dar. Hauptsymptome sind eine Polyurie und Polydipsie als Zeichen einer Harnkonzentrationsstörung sowie sonographisch hyperechogene Nieren mit verwaschener Mark-Rinden-Differenzierung und gelegentlich auftretenden Zysten. Pathophysiologisch liegt eine Dysfunktion primärer Zilien zugrunde, sodass sie zur Gruppe der Ziliopathien gezählt wird. Die Nephronophthise kann isoliert die Nieren betreffen oder zusammen mit anderen Organmanifestationen Syndrome definieren, wie zum Beispiel das Senior–Løken-Syndrom, das Joubert-Syndrom und viele mehr, welche gesammelt als Nephronophthise-assoziierte Ziliopathien (NPH-RC) bezeichnet werden. Charakteristisch für diese Erkrankungsgruppe sind eine ausgeprägte genetische und phänotypische Variabilität sowie zum Teil erhebliche Überlappungen mit anderen zystischen Nierenerkrankungen, was eine korrekte und frühzeitige Diagnosestellung sowie das Stellen individueller Prognosen im klinischen Alltag erschwert. Kurative Therapie-Ansätze existieren bislang nicht.
Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit soll es sein, einen verständlichen Überblick über die Nephronophthise und assoziierte Ziliopathien zu geben und deren pathophysiologische Verbindung zu den anderen zystischen Nierenerkrankungen aufzuzeigen.
Monogene Formen der arteriellen Hypertonie
Authors: Erger Florian 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Grundlage der arteriellen Hypertonie bei der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Patienten ist multifaktorieller, zum großen Teil umweltbedingter Genese und derzeit in der Routinediagnostik nicht sinnvoll molekulargenetisch untersuchbar. Bei einem kleinen Teil der Patienten (<1 %) ist die arterielle Hypertonie aber Folge hereditärer, monogener Defekte. Hierzu gehören das Liddle-Syndrom, familiärer Hyperaldosteronismus, apparenter Mineralkortikoidexzess und Pseudohypoaldosteronismus. Diese und andere hereditäre Hypertonien gehen pathomechanistisch auf Störungen in den renalen Regelkreisen der Elektrolyt- und Volumenhomöostase zurück.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die bekannten Typen der hereditären Hypertonien sollen verständlich und schematisch erläutert werden. Besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auch auf dem klinischen Bild der jeweiligen Unterformen sowie der therapeutischen Konsequenz, die sich in dieser Krankheitsgruppe direkt aus dem molekulargenetischen Befund ergeben kann. Eine Auswahl weiterer genetischer Syndrome mit arterieller Hypertonie als Begleit- oder Spätsymptom wird zusammenfassend behandelt.

Fazit
Die korrekte Diagnose eines Betroffenen mit einer Form der hier beschriebenen hereditären Hypertonien ermöglicht eine gezielte und effektive medikamentöse Therapie auf Basis der inzwischen insgesamt gut verstandenen jeweiligen Pathomechanismen.
Considering the negatively formed identity: Relationships between negative identity and problematic psychosocial beliefs
Authors: Hihara Shogo , Umemura Tomotaka , Sugimura Kazumi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionDeveloping a firm sense of identity is a critical developmental task in adolescence and emerging adulthood, but little or no empirical research exists regarding individuals who firmly form negative identities and psychosocial beliefs. This study examined the formation of negative identities in youth and its association with psychosocial beliefs in terms of variable‐oriented psychosocial facets (i.e., dichotomous beliefs, cynicism, and social distrust) and person‐oriented psychosocial profiles.MethodsA total of 2313 young Japanese people (70.9% were females) aged 18–25 years answered the self‐report questionnaire.ResultsWe consequently found that individuals with negative identities possessed problematic psychosocial facets, such as high dichotomous beliefs and cynicism, as well as low social trust. Furthermore, individuals with negative identities had profile characterized by strong hostility toward others/societies.ConclusionsOverall, our study provided a comprehensive understanding of how youth with negative identities face difficulty in constructing relationships with society, which has been neglected in prior research.
How to Take Offense: Responding to Microaggression
Authors: RINI REGINA 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA microaggression is a small insulting act made disproportionately harmful by its part in an oppressive pattern of similar insults. How should you respond when made the victim of a microaggression? In this paper I survey several morally salient factors, including effects upon victims, perpetrators, and third parties. I argue, contrary to popular views, that ‘growing a thicker skin’ is not good advice nor is expressing reasonable anger always the best way to contribute to confronting oppression. Instead, appropriately responding to microaggression involves difficult application of practical wisdom that does not easily fall under a simple prescription.
Pooled subsidence records from numerous wells reveal variations in pre-break-up rifting along the proximal domains of the Iberia–Newfoundland continental margins
Authors: Spooner Cameron , Stephenson Randell , Butler Robert W.H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Iberia–Newfoundland continental margin is one of the most-studied conjugate margins in the world. However, many unknowns remain regarding the nature of rifting preceding its break-up. We analyse a large dataset of tectonic subsidence curves, created from publicly available well data, to show spatial and temporal trends of rifting in the proximal domains of the margin. We develop a novel methodology of bulk averaging tectonic subsidence curves that can be applied on any conjugate margin with a similar spread of well data. The method does not rely on the existence of conjugate, deep seismic profiles and, specifically, attempts to forego the risk of quantitative bias derived from localized anomalies and uncertain stratigraphic dating and correlation. Results for the Iberia–Newfoundland margin show that active rift-driven tectonic subsidence occurred in the Central segment of the conjugate margin from c. 227 Ma (early Norian) to c. 152.1 Ma (early Tithonian), in the southern segment from c. 208.5 Ma (early Rhaetian) to c. 152.1 Ma (early Tithonian) and in the northern segment from c. 201.3 Ma (early Hettangian) to c. 132.9 Ma (early Hauterivian). This indicates that rifting in the stretching phase of the proximal domain of the Iberia–Newfoundland margin does not mirror hyperextended domain rifting trends (south to north) that ultimately led to break-up. The insights into broad-scale three-dimensional spatial and temporal trends, produced using the novel methodology presented in this paper, provide added value for interpretation of the development of passive margins, and new constraints for modelling of the formation of conjugate margins.
When the Shepherd Rejoins the Flock: Returning to the Department after Serving as Chair
Authors: Bernhard Bill , Lyne Mona 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTReassuming the role of a “regular” faculty member after serving as department chair presents a common set of challenges that often are overlooked and underappreciated in the discipline. To provide former chairs with guideposts for navigating this pivotal moment in their career, we offer a few thoughts on what our experience suggests are the keys to a successful transition. Among the issues to consider are time and space to regroup, mining what you have learned as chair to revamp research and teaching, careful management of your new social status in the department, and envisioning how you can lead without holding a formal position.
Populism and the 2016 American Election: Evidence from Official Press Releases and Twitter
Authors: Lacatus Corina 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn the past year, academics and mass media alike have spoken of populism as a necessary condition for Donald Trump’s success in the 2016 US presidential election. Despite the growing interest in populism for understanding the election, we have yet to provide a systematic analysis of the official campaign discourse and its use of populist rhetoric. To fill this gap, this article proposes an analysis of official campaign statements based on original text data from press releases published from January to June 2016 on campaign websites and tweets published on the official accounts of the three main presidential candidates: Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, and Donald Trump. Data show that the Sanders and Trump campaigns relied on populist discourse to promote two opposing electoral agendas on the left and the right of the political spectrum. Clinton made limited use of populist discourse, mostly in response to the other counter-candidates.
Opportunities for short rotation coppice production on free-range chicken farms in Flanders: farmers’ perceptions and cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Stadig Lisanne M , Tuyttens Frank A.M , Rodenburg T. Bas , Verdonckt Pieter , Wauters Erwin , Borremans Lieve , Reubens Bert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on systems producing short rotation coppice willows (SRCW) in chickens’ free-range areas. We aim to map chicken farmers’ motivation to implement SRCW, and to assess the economic viability of these systems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 free-range chicken farmers. Farmers agreed that chickens would prefer SRCW over grassland, which could benefit chicken welfare. They expected establishing an SRCW system would be labor intensive, and doubted if it would be a profitable investment. Some concerns of farmers might be taken away by exchanging information with farmers with SRCW experience. A partial budget analysis was performed to calculate the net present value (NPV) of six different scenarios, differing in the type of chickens, in whether the produced biomass was sold or valorized on-farm and in harvest pattern, all over a 23-yr period. The NPV was positive but low for all scenarios. A sensitivity analysis showed that changes in biomass yield, wood chip price, a price premium for poultry products and current fuel price were most likely to influence the NPV. A risk analysis revealed that NPVs were positive in the majority of the modeled cases. Scenarios in which biomass was used for on-farm heat production showed the highest risk of a negative NPV. A price premium for poultry products may be most effective at increasing profitability, but may only be feasible for farms selling directly to consumers. Establishing a solid market for biomass energy, including guaranteed demand and availability of appropriate machinery for cultivation, may mitigate farmers’ concerns.