bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha-v–containing integrins are host receptors for the
Plasmodium falciparum
sporozoite surface protein, TRAP
Authors: Dundas Kirsten , Shears Melanie J. , Sun Yi , Hopp Christine S. , Crosnier Cecile , Metcalf Tom , Girling Gareth , Sinnis Photini , Billker Oliver , Wright Gavin J. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Malaria is caused by a parasite that is deposited in the skin through the bite of an infected mosquito. From the skin, parasites navigate through host tissues where they must locate and invade liver cells. We know that a parasite surface protein called TRAP is important for this process, making it a leading vaccine candidate. TRAP is thought to work by specifically binding a defined host cell surface protein, but its identity has remained a long-standing mystery. Our research has identified an integrin—a class of host cell surface proteins—as a TRAP receptor. This finding provides an important piece of the puzzle relating to TRAP function and may help improve the development of an effective malaria vaccine.
A Mesoproterozoic iron formation
Authors: Canfield Donald E. , Zhang Shuichang , Wang Huajian , Wang Xiaomei , Zhao Wenzhi , Su Jin , Bjerrum Christian J. , Haxen Emma R. , Hammarlund Emma U. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Iron formations (IFs) are common before 1,800 million years ago (Ma) and again at ∼750 Ma, but are remarkably absent for the billion years in between. We report on a 1,400-Ma IF of ∼520 gigatons Fe from the Xiamaling Formation on the North China Craton. Biomarker analyses suggest that anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria were involved in Fe(II) oxidation, and further geochemical analysis shows that IF sediments supported active microbial Fe reduction that rivaled oxic respiration in its efficiency of organic matter oxidation. The Xiamaling Formation IF demonstrates that geochemical conditions occasionally conspired to produce world-class IFs during Earth’s “middle ages,” permitting critical insights into the biogeochemical processes of IF emplacement.
Correlating structural and photochemical heterogeneity in cyanobacteriochrome NpR6012g4
Authors: Lim Sunghyuk , Yu Qinhong , Gottlieb Sean M. , Chang Che-Wei , Rockwell Nathan C. , Martin Shelley S. , Madsen Dorte , Lagarias J. Clark , Larsen Delmar S. , Ames James B. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Photosynthetic organisms measure changing light conditions with photosensory proteins. In land plants, phytochromes use the ratio of red to far-red light to detect shading by neighboring plants. Cyanobacteria use distantly related cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) to detect a broad range of conditions so that they can optimize light harvesting, movement, and other photobiology. Both phytochromes and CBCRs naturally occur as heterogeneous mixtures of populations, but the links between structural and photochemical heterogeneity are unclear. We have solved the structure of a model CBCR in both photostates, allowing us to explicitly connect structural heterogeneity of conserved residues to populations having distinct spectral and photochemical properties.
Macrophages impede CD8 T cells from reaching tumor cells and limit the efficacy of anti–PD-1 treatment
Authors: Peranzoni Elisa , Lemoine Jean , Vimeux Lene , Feuillet Vincent , Barrin Sarah , Kantari-Mimoun Chahrazade , Bercovici Nadège , Guérin Marion , Biton Jérôme , Ouakrim Hanane , Régnier Fabienne , Lupo Audrey , Alifano Marco , Damotte Diane , Donnadieu Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Cancer immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic intervention. However, complete and durable responses are seen in only a fraction of cancer patients. A key factor that limits therapeutic success is the lack of T cells in tumor cell regions, a profile termed “immune-excluded.” Here, we provide evidence that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important determinant of the establishment of a T cell-excluded tumor phenotype. In human and murine tumors, we found that CD8 T cells poorly migrate and invade tumor nests due to long-lasting interactions with TAMs. The depletion of TAMs restores T cell migration and infiltration into tumor islets and improves the efficacy of anti–PD-1 immunotherapy. This study highlights the rationale of combining approaches targeting TAM and immune checkpoint proteins.
β-Amyloid accumulation in the human brain after one night of sleep deprivation
Authors: Shokri-Kojori Ehsan , Wang Gene-Jack , Wiers Corinde E. , Demiral Sukru B. , Guo Min , Kim Sung Won , Lindgren Elsa , Ramirez Veronica , Zehra Amna , Freeman Clara , Miller Gregg , Manza Peter , Srivastava Tansha , De Santi Susan , Tomasi Dardo , Benveniste Helene , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
There has been an emerging interest in sleep and its association with β-amyloid burden as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the evidence that acute sleep deprivation elevates β-amyloid levels in mouse interstitial fluid and in human cerebrospinal fluid, not much is known about the impact of sleep deprivation on β-amyloid burden in the human brain. Using positron emission tomography, here we show that acute sleep deprivation impacts β-amyloid burden in brain regions that have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Our observations provide preliminary evidence for the negative effect of sleep deprivation on β-amyloid burden in the human brain.
Unique organization of photosystem I–light-harvesting supercomplex revealed by cryo-EM from a red alga
Authors: Pi Xiong , Tian Lirong , Dai Huai-En , Qin Xiaochun , Cheng Lingpeng , Kuang Tingyun , Sui Sen-Fang , Shen Jian-Ren 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the most efficient nanophotochemical machines in nature. To adapt to various environments, photosynthetic organisms developed different PSI structure during evolution from prokaryotic cyanobacteria to higher plants. Red algae are one of the most primitive eukaryotic algae, and their photosynthetic apparatus represents a transitional state between cyanobacteria and eukaryotes. We determined two forms of the PSI-LHCR structure from a red alga by cryo-EM. Our results revealed unique features and energy transfer pathways in the red algal PSI supercomplex with LHCI (light-harvesting complex I), as well as its remarkable differences with those of cyanobacterial PSI and higher plant PSI-LHCI. These results provide important information for delineating the function and evolution of PSI from prokaryotic to eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms.
Molecular spherical nucleic acids
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Bohan , Lu Xueguang , Tan Xuyu , Jia Fei , Xiao Yue , Cheng Zehong , Li Yang , Silva Dagoberto O. , Schrekker Henri S. , Zhang Ke , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceSpherical nucleic acids (SNAs) made thus far are inherently polydisperse due to variations in surface nucleic acid density, particle size, or both. In this article, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two types of molecular SNAs with precise numbers of surface DNA strands using T8polyoctahedral silsesquioxane and buckminsterfullerene C60scaffolds. The surface DNA densities for these molecular structures fall inside the range of typical SNAs, which allows them to exhibit SNA-related properties, including enhanced cellular uptake and the ability to function as a gene regulation agent. With a route to molecularly pure SNAs opened, it becomes possible to use them to unveil the molecular details of SNA interactions with complementary ligands and living systems.
A review of wire arc additive manufacturing and advances in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium
Authors: Derekar K. S. 
Published: April 2018

Although wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has proven its capability of fulfilling demands of production of medium-to-large-scale components for automotive and allied sectors made up of aluminium, at present, WAAM cannot be applied as a fully fledged manufacturing process because of practical challenges such as under-matched mechanical properties, the presence of large residual stresses and mandatory post-deposition operation for the formed component. This paper is a review of WAAM technology including a brief of WAAM history, status, advantages and constraints of the WAAM field. A focus is provided including the efforts directed towards the reduction of porosity, tensile properties, microstructural investigations and other valuable advancements in the field of WAAM of aluminium. This review was submitted as part of the 2018 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.
Neuroprotective effect of polysaccharide separated from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampus cells
Authors: Byun Eui-Baek , Cho Eun-Ji , Kim Yi-Eun , Kim Woo Sik , Byun Eui-Hong 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of polysaccharide extracts isolated from Perilla frutescens (PEPF) in H2O2-treated HT22 hippocampus cells. The PEPF treatment was found to increase the anti-oxidant activities of HT22 hippocampus cells. PEPF treatment resulted in a significant protection of HT22 hippocampus cells against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity, this protection ultimately occurred through an inhibition of ROS-mediated intracellular Ca2+ levels leading to MAPKs and NF-κB, as well as the accumulation of PI3K/AKT and Nrf2-mediated HO-1/NQO1 pathways. Furthermore, PEPF not only decreased the expression of Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspases-3, -8, and -9, but also increased the expression of PARP and Bcl-2 in the H2O2-treated HT22 hippocampus cells, which overall contributed to the neuroprotective action. PEPF retains its mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces the elevated levels of sub-G1 phase and apoptotic morphological features induced by H2O2. It also reduces the malondialdehyde levels and enhances the intracellular SOD activity.
Survival strategy of the salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium, Tetragenococcus halophilus, to counteract koji mold, Aspergillus oryzae, in soy sauce brewing
Authors: Nishimura Ikuko , Shinohara Yasutomo , Oguma Tetsuya , Koyama Yasuji 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
In soy sauce brewing, the results of the fermentation of lactic acid greatly affect the quality of soy sauce. The soy sauce moromi produced with Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 allows the growth of Tetragenococcus halophilus NBRC 12172 but not T. halophilus D10. We isolated and identified heptelidic acid (HA), an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), produced by A. oryzae RIB40 as the growth inhibitor of the salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria. The growth inhibition of T. halophilus D10 by HA was suggested to be associated with the direct inhibition of GAPDH activity under high salt environment. The difference in the susceptibility to HA among various strains of T. halophilus was caused by the mutations in the gene encoding GAPDH.
The Childhood Role in Development of Primary Hypertension
Authors: Falkner Bonita 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Primary hypertension is not just an adult disorder. Current US population data on children and adolescents demonstrate a prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension combined of over 10%. Recent reports from prospective cohort studies describe an association of high BP in childhood with hypertension in young adulthood. Excess adiposity is strongly associated with higher BP in childhood and increases risk for hypertension in adulthood. In addition to overweight/obesity, other exposures that raise the risk for high BP include low birthweight, dietary sodium, and stress. Using intermediate markers of cardiovascular injury, studies on hypertensive children report findings of cardiac hypertrophy, vascular stiffness, and early atherosclerotic changes. Impaired cognitive function has also been demonstrated in hypertensive children. Recent advances in clinical and translational research support the concept that the evolution of primary hypertension begins in childhood.
Force Modulating Tissue Bridges for Reduction of Tension and Scar: Finite Element and Image Analysis of Preclinical Incisional and Nonincisional Models
Authors: Kazmer David O , Eaves Felmont F 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Force modulating tissue bridges (FMTB) represent a new class of combined wound closure and scar reduction device designed to optimize the tension milieu of the healing wound.

Objectives
Engineering analysis and testing in both intact skin and incisional models was undertaken to assess changes in tissue tension associated with device placement and compare to standard suture closure.

Methods
Nonlinear, large deformation finite element analyses (FEA) were performed to compare the strains applied to tissues with sutures and FMTB. In the incisional model, a freshly euthanized Yorkshire pig received full thickness cutaneous incisions followed by alternating closure with sutures and FMTBs. FMTBs were also applied to intact adult human skin after pattern application. In each of the experiments, photographs were taken preapplication and postapplication and the resultant dot grid pattern changes were analyzed by image recognition algorithms to calculate applied strains.

Results
FEA indicate compressive stresses at the tissue:suture interface on the order of 4000 mmHg and 20 mmHg at the tissue:FMTB interface. Strain analysis of the sutures and FMTBs applied in the incisional lab testing indicated imposed strains on the tissues of around 40%, with FMTBs providing 10% more compression than sutures and 25% more compression between the applied devices (P = 0.000057). In the longitudinal study, tension reduction of the order of 30% was maintained over the treatment period of 10 days to verify device efficacy.

Conclusions
FMTBs provide wounds while simultaneously modulating skin tension and thus have the potential to improve scar appearance.
Breast Implant-Associated Bilateral B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Chen Vivi W , Hoang Don , Clancy Sharon 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Lymphomas associated with implants are predominantly of T-cell type—with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) being most reported. That said, to date, 6 cases of B-cell lymphoma associated with breast implants have been reported. All cases exhibited unilateral breast involvement. Here, the authors report a case of low-grade B-cell lymphoma occurring bilaterally in a 34-year-old woman with a history of Poly Implant Prosthese silicone implants at age 20, T-cell angioimmunoblastic lymphoma, and subsequent myeloablative double cord blood transplantation. Lymphoma cells were positive for CD20, CD5, BCL-2, CD21, CD23, IgD, IgM, with very low Ki-67 of 1%. Nevertheless, cases of ALCL associated with breast implants are rare but much more documented in the literature than B-cell lymphomas associated with breast implants, as in this patient. Identification of a relationship between breast cancer and silicone is still ongoing in the literature, with long-term clinical follow up required. More research will be necessary to fully characterize the occurrence, course, and association of this disease with breast implants in order to properly guide diagnosis and management.

Level of Evidence: 5
A full general relativistic neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of a collapsing very massive star and the formation of a black hole
Authors: Kuroda Takami , Kotake Kei , Takiwaki Tomoya , Thielemann Friedrich-Karl 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe study the final fate of a very massive star by performing full general relativistic (GR), three-dimensional (3D) simulation with three-flavour multi-energy neutrino transport. Utilizing a 70 solar mass zero-metallicity progenitor, we self-consistently follow the radiation-hydrodynamics from the onset of gravitational core-collapse until the second collapse of the proto-neutron star (PNS), leading to black hole (BH) formation. Our results show that the BH formation occurs at a post-bounce time of Tpb ∼ 300 ms for the 70 M⊙ star. This is significantly earlier than those in the literature where lower mass progenitors were employed. At a few ∼10 ms before BH formation, we find that the stalled bounce shock is revived by intense neutrino heating from the very hot PNS, which is aided by violent convection behind the shock. In the context of 3D-GR core-collapse modelling with multi-energy neutrino transport, our numerical results present the first evidence to validate a fallback BH formation scenario of the 70 M⊙ star.
Epidemiology of Symptomatic Chiari Malformation in Tatarstan: Regional and Ethnic Differences in Prevalence
Authors: Bogdanov Enver I , Faizutdinova Aisylu T , Mendelevich Elena G , Sozinov Alexey S , Heiss John D 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Epidemiology can assess the effect of Chiari I malformation (CM1) on the neurological health of a population and evaluate factors influencing CM1 development.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the regional and ethnic differences in the prevalence of CM1.

METHODS
The population of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in the Russian Federation was evaluated for patients with CM1 symptoms over an 11-yr period. Typical symptoms of CM1 were found in 868 patients. Data from neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of posterior cranial fossa structures were analyzed.

RESULTS
MRI evidence of CM1, defined as cerebellar tonsils lying at least 5 mm inferior to the foramen magnum, was found in 67% of symptomatic patients. Another 33% of symptomatic patients had 2 to 4 mm of tonsillar ectopia, which we defined as “borderline Chiari malformation type 1 (bCM1).” The period prevalence in the entire RT for symptomatic CM1 was 20:100 000; for bCM1 was 10:100 000; and for CM1 and bCM1 together was 30:100 000. Prevalence of patients with CM1 symptoms was greater in the northern than southern districts of Tatarstan, due to a high prevalence (413:100 000) of CM1 in the Baltasy region in one of the northern districts.

CONCLUSION
One-third of patients with typical symptoms of CM1 had less than 5 mm of tonsillar ectopia (bCM1). Assessments of the health impact of CM1-type symptoms on a patient population should include the bCM1 patient group. A regional disease cluster of patients with Chiari malformation was found in Baltasy district of RT and needs further study.
Influences of the Menstrual Phase on Cortisol Response to Stress in Nicotine Dependent Women: A Preliminary Examination
Authors: Nakajima Motohiro , Allen Sharon , al’Absi Mustafa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Evidence indicates that menstrual cycle phase plays a role in smoking withdrawal symptoms and craving. Stress increases these symptoms. Whether the stress regulatory mechanism is associated with menstrual phase and withdrawal symptoms is not well understood.

Methods
Thirty-seven female smokers and 16 female nonsmokers were asked to complete a laboratory session. In each group, approximately half of the participants were tested when they were in the follicular phase and the other half was tested in the luteal phase. The session included resting baseline, stress, and recovery periods. Saliva samples for the measurement of cortisol and subjective measures of craving and withdrawal symptoms were collected at the end of each period.

Results
A series of repeated measures analysis of covariance found a significant smoking group × menstrual phase × sampling time interaction in cortisol levels (p < .05). Follow-up analyses indicated a reduced cortisol stress response in the luteal group relative to the follicular group in smokers (p < .02). This difference was not found in nonsmokers.

Conclusions
Menstrual cycle phase is related to hormonal stress response and smoking withdrawal symptomatology.

Implications
We show influences of the menstrual cycle phase on stress response among smokers. This is demonstrated by a reduced cortisol response to stress in the luteal group relative to the follicular group among smokers. This menstrual phase difference was not found in nonsmokers.
Heritability and genome-wide association study of diffusing capacity of the lung
Authors: Terzikhan Natalie , Sun Fangui , Verhamme Fien M. , Adams Hieab H.H. , Loth Daan , Bracke Ken R. , Stricker Bruno H. C. , Lahousse Lies , Dupuis Josée , Brusselle Guy G. , O’Connor George T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several genome wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated the genetics of pulmonary ventilatory function, little is known about the genetic factors that influence gas exchange.AimTo investigate the heritability of, and genetic variants associated with the diffusing capacity of the lung.MethodsGWAS was performed on diffusing capacity, measured by carbon monoxide uptake (DLCO) and per alveolar volume (DLCO/VA) using the single-breath technique, in 8,372 individuals from two population-based cohort studies, the Rotterdam Study and the Framingham Heart Study. Heritability was estimated in related (n=6,246) and unrelated (n=3,286) individuals.ResultsHeritability of DLCO and DLCO/VA ranged between 23% and 28% in unrelated individuals and between 45% and 49% in related individuals. Meta-analysis identified a genetic variant in GPR126 that is significantly associated with DLCO/VA. Gene expression analysis of GPR126 in human lung tissue revealed a decreased expression in patients with COPD and subjects with decreased DLCO/VA.ConclusionDLCO and DLCO/VA are heritable traits, with a considerable proportion of variance explained by genetics. A functional variant in GPR126 gene region was significantly associated with DLCO/VA. Pulmonary GPR126 expression was decreased in patients with COPD.
Mkk4 and Mkk7 are important for retinal development and axonal injury-induced retinal ganglion cell death
Authors: Rausch Rebecca L. , Syc-Mazurek Stephanie B. , Fernandes Kimberly A. , Wilson Michael P. , Libby Richard T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been shown to be involved in both neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a MAPK shown to be important in retinal development and after optic nerve crush injury, is regulated by two upstream kinases: MKK4 and MKK7. The specific requirements of MKK4 and MKK7 in retinal development and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death after axonal injury, however, are currently undefined. Optic nerve injury is an important insult in many neurologic conditions including traumatic, ischemic, inflammatory, and glaucomatous optic neuropathies. Mice deficient in Mkk4, Mkk7, and both Mkk4 and Mkk7 were generated. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the distribution and structure of retinal cell types and to assess RGC survival after optic nerve injury (mechanical controlled optic nerve crush; CONC). Adult Mkk4 and Mkk7 deficient retinas had all retinal cell types. With the exception of small areas of lamination defects with photoreceptors in Mkk4 deficient mice, the retinas of both mutants were grossly normal. Deficiency of Mkk4 or Mkk7 reduced JNK signaling after axonal injury in RGCs. Mkk4 and Mkk7 deficient retinas had a significantly greater percentage of surviving RGCs 35 days after CONC as compared to wildtype controls (Mkk4: 51.5%, Mkk7: 29.1% WT: 15.2%; p<0.001). Combined deficiency of Mkk4 and Mkk7 caused failure of optic nerve formation, irregular retinal axonal trajectories, disruption of retinal lamination, clumping of RGC cell bodies, and dendritic fasciculation of dopaminergic amacrine cells. These results suggest that MKK4 and MKK7 may serve redundant and unique roles in molecular signaling important for retinal development and injury response following axonal insult.