bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with complications in total laryngectomy without microvascular reconstruction
Authors: Helman Samuel N. , Brant Jason A. , Kadakia Sameep K. , Newman Jason G. , Cannady Steven B. , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is little population‐level data evaluating risk factors for postoperative complications after total laryngectomy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program identifying patients who underwent total laryngectomy as a primary procedure from 2005 to 2014. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify variables that were independently associated with overall and major complications.ResultsEight hundred seventy‐one cases met inclusion criteria. Three hundred twenty‐eight patients (37.7%) had complications, with operative time (hours; P < .0001), class III (P < .001) wound status, and patient age (decade; P = .003) associated with overall complications. Two hundred one patients had major complications that were associated with steroid use (P = .01) and class III (P = .0083) wound classification. Preoperative hematocrit was correlated with a reduction of all and major complications on multivariate analysis (P < .0001 and P = .036).ConclusionIdentifying and optimizing risk factors may improve outcomes in total laryngectomy.
Gender affects early psychomotor milestones and long‐term neurodevelopment of preterm infants
Authors: Di Rosa Gabriella , Pironti Erica , Cucinotta Francesca , Alibrandi Angela , Gagliano Antonella 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTemporal differences of neurodevelopmental milestones' achievement are commonly taken into account in preterm infant assessment during the first year of life, especially when minor or none neurological signs arise from clinical examination. The influence of gender on neurodevelopment in preterm infants was examined by a milestones‐based neurological approach. Two‐hundred twenty‐seven moderate and late preterm and full‐term infants (51.9% male), without evidence of severe white matter insults, were early assessed by classic neurological examination. Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale was used at long‐term observation. Children were sorted into three gestational age groups (Group 1: 32–33 weeks, Group 2: 34–36 weeks, and Group 3: ≥37 weeks) and compared according to their neurodevelopmental pathways and gender. The achievement of head control was slightly earlier in females. The pointing, one of the main communicative hand gesture, appeared significantly earlier in females across all the groups. At the Griffiths Scale, the majority of gender‐related differences emerged in personal–social and eye and hand coordination subscale. An independent role of male gender was evidenced in personal–social, language, and eye and hand coordination subscales. Gender and gestational age likely addressed different temporal profiles of neurodevelopment in early and late assessments in preterm and full‐term infants. The role of gender and gestational age on these findings has been discussed.Highlights

A classic, milestones‐based neurological evaluation disclosed different developmental profiles in males versus females preterm infants.
Moderate preterm and full‐term infants showed similar developmental profiles.
Gender and gestational age may influence neurodevelopment.
Industrial structure and the probability of crisis: Stability is not resilience*
Authors: Lee Dongyeol , Lim Hyunjoon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe utilize country‐level data to investigate the empirical linkage between an economy's industrial structure and the probability of a banking crisis. This paper shows that a higher share of the service sector tends to significantly increase the risk of a banking crisis. We also explore the potential channels through which the industrial structure may affect an economy's vulnerability to external shocks. The result of the analysis suggests that a higher share of the service sector substantially increases vulnerability to a banking crisis through deterioration in profits and worsening of the current account balance. Our study provides some implications for the recent acceleration of deindustrialization in several emerging and advanced economies: for example, the industrial policy should call for a more cautious approach to reduce the potential risks of deindustrialization (increase in crisis vulnerability).
Common idiosyncratic volatility and returns: From an investment horizon perspective
Authors: Yin Libo , Shu Tengjia , Su Zhi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract“Idiosyncratic risk–return puzzle” is conflicting and confusing. It becomes more complex by the introduction of the common idiosyncratic volatility (CIV). We shed new light on the issue from the perspective of heterogeneity of investors with different investment horizons. We study the “CIV puzzle” with Chinese A‐Share market evidence and further contribute by employing the wavelet multiresolution analysis framework to decompose the overall CIV into timescales that refer to risks in different terms. We apply these timescales in Fama–Macbeth regressions to investigate their pricing effects. The results suggest that the “CIV puzzle” is an investment horizon specification problem. The relationship between returns and common idiosyncratic risk is negative in the short run, positive in the intermediate run, and then negative again in the longer run. We also contribute to the international empirical evidence with an in‐depth analysis of the Chinese stock market over the period 1999–2016. The results are robust across different specifications of the CIV. Our findings have important implications for portfolio and risk management.
Effect of determinants on financial leverage in Indian steel industry: A study on capital structure
Authors: Dakua Sarada 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBecause India is neither a developed country nor its steel companies are financially self‐sufficient, they are bound to depend on the external capital, resulting the decision to be taken on the leverage ratio as even more crucial. India being the top exporter of iron ores has the potential to be counted as one of the top exporters of steel if the steel companies follow optimal capital structure. Thus, the leverage ratio needs thorough investigation in order to decide the optimal capital structure. Although there have been some attempts, they are not extensive. The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the present capital structure of Indian steel industry from years 2010 until 2017 and the determinants of capital structure and how these determinants correlate with financial leverage. The research objectives are (1) to identify the significant determinants that affect the capital structure and (2) to conduct an extensive and empirical research in order to estimate the correlations of the determinants with the financial leverage. Seven key determinants have been found: They are profitability, asset structure, size, growth opportunities, non‐debt tax shield, liquidity, and risk. The profitability is found to be highly correlated with the debt ratio as was expected and reported in previous studies. The correlations among the determinants such as asset structure, size, and non‐debt tax shield are statistically significant. Profitability and liquidity carry positive relationship with debt ratio, although there is a negative relationship between debt ratio and asset structure.
Homeownership motivation, rationality, and housing prices: Evidence from gloom, boom, and bust‐and‐boom economies
Authors: Alexiou Constantinos , Chan Aaron‐Samuel , Vogiazas Sofoklis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBy focusing on three types of homebuyers, we address three questions: (a) Do households drive housing prices? (b) Do households and landlords act rationally in their buying decisions? (c) Is the market conducive to promoting homeownership or is it a speculators' territory? We use system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimations based on 1970–2016 data, for 34 economies clustered as gloom, boom, or bust‐and‐boom, and we provide novel evidence that all three types of homebuyers contribute significantly to the determination of housing prices. Households and landlords seem to act irrationally as their decisions are not greatly affected by housing affordability or shrinking yields.
The efficacy of macroeconomic policies in resolving financial market disequilibria: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Singh Gurcharan , Wilson Albert , Halari Anwar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study attempts to evaluate the efficacy of macroeconomic policies in resolving financial market disequilibria and to elucidate the influence of the political landscape and global financial integration on the policymaking process. The current investigation examines three macroeconomic policies: (a) government spending, (b) liquidity provision, and (c) central bank interest rates by analysing 21 countries around the globe. The results suggest that government spending is a suboptimal macroeconomic policy for mitigating imbalances in financial markets, as it may have destabilizing effects. Liquidity provision was found to be ineffective in facilitating financial market stability whereas the adjustment of interest rates was found to be a viable tool for mitigating financial market imbalances. Therefore, an appropriate policy framework would comprise the following: prudent government spending, conditional liquidity provision, and a reduction in interest rates following the development of financial market disequilibria. Furthermore, this study found strong evidence against the notion that political orientations influence policy frameworks, which were designed to redress financial market disequilibria. This study also found that global financial integration does not influence the policymaking process.
How do investors price stocks?—Evidence with real‐time data from Vietnam
Authors: Quach Hao , Nguyen Hoang , Nguyen Linh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOur paper employs a data set that comprises real‐time data, which, in our study, is defined as the best known data available to investors at the time of making decision. The research was inspired by comments by industry leaders at an international conference in finance in Vietnam in 2016, basically implying that academic research findings were not useful to investors because they had not done in the way that investors think and do. Drawing on an alike experiment study using real‐time data for a period from October 2010 to April 2014, our paper documents that the value and liquidity effect do not exist in Vietnam, and the size effect is weak. Specifically, we find that growth and high‐liquidity stocks outperform and do not find strong evidence for the outperformance of small stocks. This finding contradicts the general literature, which suggests that value, low liquidity, and small stocks outperform but supports similar contradicting findings for emerging markets. The findings from our research are important to investors in Vietnam market because they are drawn on the decision‐making basis that investors in this market normally do. Our research findings also suggest the use of a multifactor pricing model that is relevant for valuing stocks in Vietnam. In addition, to check the reliability of our data set and the robustness of our conclusions, we repeated the same procedure using two samples of historical data and compared with results from our data. The additional analysis confirms the reliability of our data and findings.
Cancer of the vulva
Authors: Rogers Linda J. , Cuello Mauricio A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVulvar cancer is an uncommon gynecological malignancy primarily affecting postmenopausal women. There is no specific screening and the most effective strategy to reduce vulvar cancer incidence is the opportune treatment of predisposing and preneoplastic lesions associated with its development. While vulvar cancer may be asymptomatic, most women present with vulvar pruritus or pain, or have noticed a lump or ulcer. Therefore, any suspicious vulvar lesion should be biopsied to exclude invasion. Once established, the most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment of vulvar cancer depends primarily on histology and surgical staging. Treatment is predominantly surgical, particularly for squamous cell carcinoma, although concurrent chemoradiation is an effective alternative, particularly for advanced tumors. Management should be individualized, and carried out by a multidisciplinary team in a cancer center experienced in the treatment of these tumors.
Cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum
Authors: Berek Jonathan S. , Kehoe Sean T. , Kumar Lalit , Friedlander Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Gynecologic Oncology Committee of FIGO in 2014 revised the staging of ovarian cancer, incorporating ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer into the same system. Most of these malignancies are high‐grade serous carcinomas (HGSC). Stage IC is now divided into three categories: IC1 (surgical spill); IC2 (capsule ruptured before surgery or tumor on ovarian or fallopian tube surface); and IC3 (malignant cells in the ascites or peritoneal washings). The updated staging includes a revision of Stage IIIC based on spread to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes alone without intraperitoneal dissemination. This category is now subdivided into IIIA1(i) (metastasis ≤10 mm in greatest dimension), and IIIA1(ii) (metastasis >10 mm in greatest dimension). Stage IIIA2 is now “microscopic extrapelvic peritoneal involvement with or without positive retroperitoneal lymph node” metastasis. This review summarizes the genetics, surgical management, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies for epithelial cancers, and the treatment of ovarian germ cell and stromal malignancies.
Update on the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease
Authors: Ngan Hextan Y.S. , Seckl Michael J. , Berkowitz Ross S. , Xiang Yang , Golfier François , Sekharan Paradan K. , Lurain John R. , Massuger Leon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) arises from abnormal placenta and is composed of a spectrum of premalignant to malignant disorders. Changes in epidemiology of GTD have been noted in various countries. In addition to histology, molecular genetic studies can help in the diagnostic pathway. Earlier detection of molar pregnancy by ultrasound has resulted in changes in clinical presentation and decreased morbidity from uterine evacuation. Follow‐up with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is essential for early diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The duration of hCG monitoring varies depending on histology type and regression rate. Low‐risk GTN (FIGO Stages I–III: score <7) is treated with single‐agent chemotherapy but may require additional agents; although scores 5–6 are associated with more drug resistance, overall survival approaches 100%. High‐risk GTN (FIGO Stages II–III: score >7 and Stage IV) is treated with multiple agent chemotherapy, with or without adjuvant surgery for excision of resistant foci of disease or radiotherapy for brain metastases, achieving a survival rate of approximately 90%. Gentle induction chemotherapy helps reduce early deaths in patients with extensive tumor burden, but late mortality still occurs from recurrent resistant tumors.
Cancer in pregnancy
Authors: Botha Matthys H. , Rajaram Shalini , Karunaratne Kanishka 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe incidence of cancer in pregnancy is increasing. The most frequent malignancies include breast and cervical cancers. Diagnosis may be complicated by late presentation. Imaging during pregnancy should consider risks to the fetus. Diagnostic work‐up, including tumor markers, can be influenced by the physiology of pregnancy. Treatment of cancer can often be safely administered with good maternal and fetal outcomes. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery must be adapted to the pregnancy state. Counselling and emotional support are an essential part of management.
Enhanced recovery after surgery in gynecologic oncology
Authors: Glaser Gretchen , Dowdy Sean C. , Peedicayil Abraham 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnhanced recovery protocols consist of a bundle of concepts including early feeding, opioid‐sparing multimodal pain management, and euvolemia, with the overarching goal of hastening postoperative recovery. Enhanced recovery after surgery has been shown to reduce hospital length of stay, reduce costs, and decrease perioperative opioid requirements in benign and oncologic gynecologic surgery. Interventions without supporting evidence of benefit, such as the use of mechanical bowel preparation, routine use of nasogastric tubes and surgical drains, caloric restriction, routine use of intravenous opioid analgesics, and over‐vigorous intravenous hydration should be discouraged to improve broader endpoints such as patient satisfaction and overall recovery. Successful implementation requires engagement from a multidisciplinary team including surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and pharmacists.
Anticancer activity of thymol: A literature‐based review and docking study with Emphasis on its anticancer mechanisms
Authors: Islam Muhammad T. , Khalipha Abul B. R. , Bagchi Rajat , Mondal Milon , Smrity Shanita Z. , Uddin Shaikh J. , Shilpi Jamil A. , Rouf Razina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis review aims to summarize the anticancer effects of the natural monoterpene phenol derivative of cymenethymol and its derivatives as well as further molecular docking study to correlate the interaction of thymol and biomacromolecules that involved in cancer cell growth. For this, an up‐to‐date (till July 2018) literature study were made through using PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, The American Chemical Society, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases. Literature study demonstrated that thymol, melasolv (3,4,5‐Trimethoxycinnamate thymol ester), and Mannich bases of thymol have potential anticancer effects in various test systems, including mice, rats and cultured cancer cells through various anticancer pathways such as antioxidant/oxidative stress induction, apoptosis, anti‐inflammatory/immunomodulatory, anti‐genotoxicity, chemo‐, and radiopreventive ways. A few earlier scientific evidences showed that thymol is less toxic to mammalian systems. In silico study of thymol and its derivatives against 17 essential proteins revealed that 6BVH (PARP‐1) and 5LIH (protein kinase C) are the most efficient receptor protein for interaction and binding of thymol and melaslov for the cancer prevention and initiation. On the basis of the summary of this review and docking study, it is evident that thymol may be one of promising plant‐derived cancer chemotherapeutic agents. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):9–19, 2019
Porous and nonporous silk fibroin (SF) membranes wrapping for Achilles tendon (AT) repair: Which one is a better choice?
Authors: Yao Shiyi , Xie Yuanlong , Xiao Lingfei , Cai Lin , Ma Zhaocheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo types of silk fibroin (SF) membranes were developed for tendon repair: porous and nonporous SF membranes. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of these two films according to the ability of tendon regeneration using a rat Achilles tendon (AT) rupture suture wrapping model. The in vitro tests were conducted, and theSF membranes were proved to be with ultimate‐biodegradability, good‐biocompatibility and without toxicity. In vivo, 12 Sprague Dawley rats were used to create a rat AT rupture suture model wrapped by SF membranes. They were randomly divided into six groups. The results revealed that the nonporous SF membrane wrapping group was shown to reduce the inflammatory effect and induce the proliferation of fibroblast‐like cells at one week and four weeks post‐operatively. After four weeks, the nonporous SF membrane wrapping group exhibited more organized collagen structures and had increased expression of tendon repair proteins. Hence, our nonporous SF membrane improved the efficacy of tendon regeneration by decreasing inflammatory cells, growing fibroblast‐like cells, and promoting extracellular matrix production. Nonporous SF membrane can, therefore, be regarded as a better functional membrane for tendon repair. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: 00B: 000–000, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 733–740, 2019.
Longitudinal pulsatility in arterial occlusion
Authors: Hachem Kamal , Njeim Mario , Abou Diwan Ralph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis pictorial essay aims to generate attention and inform sonographers and clinicians by remembering the “longitudinal pulsatility” as an evocative B‐mode echographic sign of arterial occlusion, when the artery exhibits a systolic axial motion instead of its normal radial pulsatility.
Simultaneous determination of savaside A, acteoside, and isoacteoside in rat plasma by UHPLC–MS/MS: Comparative pharmacokinetic and bioavailability characteristics of Monochasma savatieri via different routes of administration
Authors: Feng Bingwei , Song Yonggui , Xu Qiongming , Xu Pengfei , Zeng Qiang , Shan Baixi , Liu Kuangyi , Su Dan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhenylethanoid glycosides are the bioactive components in Monochasma savatieri that primarily contains savaside A, acteoside, and isoacteoside. Pharmacological research has been comprehensive, but there have been few studies on pharmacokinetics, especially about savaside A. An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring mode was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the three compounds from M. savatieri. Meanwhile, this method was fully validated and successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability following four different routes included intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, muscle injection, and oral administration. The results indicated that the three compounds could be rapidly absorbed within 1 h, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The bioavailability of oral administration, intramuscular injection, and intraperitoneal injection did not exceed 0.2, 25, and 10%, respectively. Comparing the bioavailability, it exhibited that acteoside > isoacteoside > savaside A following the four administration routes. Notably, the isomerization position of acteoside and isoacteoside mainly occurred in the liver according to the pharmacokinetics profiles of intraperitoneal and intravenous injection, in addition, isoacteoside exhibited more structural selectivity than acteoside in vivo. It demonstrated that three compounds undergo different processes, mainly affected by the first‐pass effect and their intestinal stability is extremely poor.