bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamiques institutionnelle, industrielle et sanitaire dans le secteur pharmaceutique thaïlandais
Authors: Guennif Samira 
Published: February 2019

La littérature sur le changement institutionnel souligne le besoin d’études de cas pour en saisir les causes, processus et résultats. Cet article propose une étude de cas du changement institutionnel appliqué au secteur pharmaceutique en Thaïlande. Pour ce faire, un cadre analytique est défini pour retracer en premier lieu la dynamique institutionnelle dans le secteur et en second lieu décrire les dynamiques industrielle et sanitaire dommageables générées. A partir des années 80, des changements institutionnels successifs ont affecté la protection de la propriété intellectuelle et plus largement la production et la commercialisation des médicaments. Ils ont eu pour effet de limiter le développement de capacités scientifiques, technologiques et industrielles domestiques dans le secteur, de réduire l’autosuffisance du pays dans la pharmacie et de miner l’accessibilité des médicaments essentiels ; somme toute de porter atteinte au développement de la Thaïlande.
Visual Function and Change in Quality of Life After Bilateral Refractive Lens Exchange With the ReSTOR Multifocal Intraocular Lens
Authors: Blaylock John F. , Si Zhaomin , Aitchison Sandi , Prescott Cheryl 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate vision and quality of life and explore the correlation between vision and change of quality of life after bilateral refractive lens exchange of the Acrysof SA60D3 ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) for correction of ametropia in presbyopic populations.

Methods:
Pre- and postoperatively, the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument (NEIRQL) was self-administered by 30 consecutive refractive lens exchange patients, including 19 myopes and 11 hyperopes. The change of NEI-RQL scores was determined for each subscale covering a specific aspect of quality of life. Refraction, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity function were evaluated 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results:

Postoperatively, all patients achieved binocular uncorrected distance and near visual acuity of 20/30 or better. Photopic contrast sensitivity function decreased significantly at high spatial frequencies (
P
<.05). Overall scores of expectations, activity limitations, dependence on correction, appearance, and satisfaction were significantly higher postoperatively (
P
<.05). Greater improvement in near vision and dependence on correction was achieved in hyperopes. However, glare scores were significantly lower postoperatively (
P
<.001). Lower preoperative uncorrected near visual acuity was associated with higher scores for dependence on correction in myopes (r = 0.51,
P
=.027), and overall patient satisfaction correlated significantly with postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (r = −0.44,
P
=.015).

Conclusions:

Refractive lens exchange with the ReSTOR IOL in presbyopic patients provided good visual function and better patient satisfaction compared with preoperative corrections. Improvement in vision-related quality of life was most evident in hyperopes. A slight reduction in contrast sensitivity function appears to have no influence on quality of life. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:265–273.]
Problems in the Measurement of Wavefront Aberration for Eyes Implanted With Diffractive Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Charman W. Neil , Montés-Micó Robert , Radhakrishnan Hema 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To determine the origin of the wavefront aberration as measured in eyes fitted with diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:
Wavefront aberration was measured by Shack-Hartmann aberrometry in 2 eyes fitted with diffractive bifocal contact lenses and 10 eyes implanted with Acrysof ReSTOR multifocal IOLs.

Results:
Problems were encountered as a result of the multiple wavefronts generated by the diffractive lenses and their dependence on wavelength. These led to ambiguities in the positions of the Shack-Hartmann spot images and in the form of the derived wavefronts.

Conclusions:

Aberrometry may not provide reliable information on the wavefront aberration associated with either the distance or near power of diffractive IOLs. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:280–286.]
Postoperative Changes in Refraction and Anterior Chamber Depth in Different Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Schmickler Stefanie 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To investigate the axial shift of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) during the first months after implantation and to determine its potential effect on uncorrected distance visual acuity.

Methods:
This study comprised 8 patients (16 eyes) who received the Tecnis multifocal IOL and 8 patients (16 eyes) who received the ReSTOR multifocal IOL. Anterior chamber depth was measured with a Scheimpflug camera, and visual acuity and subjective manifest refraction were determined at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after surgery.

Results:
The spherical equivalent refraction in the ReSTOR and Tecnis eyes, respectively, was +0.125±0.412 diopters (D) and +0.306±0.481 D at day 1, −0.375±0.280 D and −0.188±0.438 D at 1 week, −0.475±0.337 D and −0.018±0.512 D at 1 month, and −0.297±0.267 D and −0.036±0.393 D at 3 months. Anterior chamber depth in the ReSTOR and Tecnis eyes, respectively, was 3.18±0.1 mm and 3.16±0.17 mm at day 1, 3.18±0.10 mm and 3.17±0.20 mm at 1 week, 3.29±0.22 mm and 3.18±0.25 mm at 1 month, and 3.14±0.19 mm and 3.20±0.14 mm at 3 months. The change in axial position did not correlate with the change in refraction.

Conclusions:

Multifocal IOLs change their axial position slightly during the first postoperative months. The ReSTOR IOL showed a myopic change of approximately −0.50 D during this time period, which did not correlate with the change in axial position. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:306–308.]
Correction of Severe Ectasia After LASIK With Intracorneal Ring Segments
Authors: Uceda-Montanes Antonio , Tomás José D. , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of severe bilateral ectasia after LASIK that was treated with implantation of small-diameter Keraring intrastromal corneal ring segments (Mediphacos Ltd).

Methods:
A 31-year-old woman underwent LASIK in 2001 at a different institution. One year after LASIK, the patient complained of decreased vision in the left eye and underwent LASIK retreatment. Three months after retreatment, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was counting fingers and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSVCA) was 0.4 in the left eye; UCVA was 0.1 and BSCVA was 0.3 in the right eye. Corneal topography showed inferior steepening bilaterally, consistent with ectasia, and the patient was fitted with rigid gas permeable contact lenses. The patient presented to our clinic 4 years after bilateral LASIK with severe loss of BSCVA in both eyes. Examination confirmed the diagnosis of severe bilateral ectasia. The patient underwent implantation of small-diameter Keraring segments assisted by femtosecond laser in June 2005 (left eye) and March 2006 (right eye).

Results:
Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved by four lines in both eyes. Postoperative keratometry showed a decrease of seven diopters in the right eye and nine diopters in the left eye. Postoperative refraction and keratometry have remained stable for 18 and 10 months in the left and right eyes, respectively.

Conclusions:

Implantation of intracorneal ring segments can be considered as a treatment option in patients with severe ectasia after LASIK. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:408–411.]
« Y a ung grant desordre »
Authors: Julerot Véronique 
Published: February 2019

Sous le règne de Charles VIII et quelques années seulement avant sa disparition annoncée par le concordat de Bologne de 1516, la vitalité de l’élection épiscopale, par laquelle les chanoines d’une cathédrale choisissent leur évêque, est surprenante. Rituel permettant l’expression de l’autonomie des chanoines et la participation des fidèles, on comprend qu’elle présente des aspects incompatibles avec la volonté centralisatrice des pouvoirs pontifical et royal, soucieux de maîtriser la désignation de ces prélats, hommes forts de l’Église et du royaume. Ce faisceau de volontés contradictoires engendre de nombreux conflits entre plusieurs candidats, souvent portés devant la justice, et provoquant des schismes à l’échelle des diocèses. Le déroulement et l’efficacité des rituels épiscopaux, l’implication des différents acteurs de la désignation épiscopale, la prégnance toujours plus forte de la justice dans les affaires ecclésiastiques, le mode de résolution des conflits : en s’appuyant essentiellement sur des sources de la pratique canoniale et des sources judiciaires, l’auteur donne un éclairage nouveau sur ces aspects essentiels de la vie de l’Église, et dresse le tableau d’un chaos organisé qui a sans aucun doute eu sa part de responsabilité dans le déclenchement de la Réforme protestante.
Le malheur d’être exclu ?
Authors: Beaulande Véronique 
Published: February 2019

En droit canonique, l'excommunication est une censure, une peine médicinale, qui vise à mener le pécheur à faire pénitence afin d'être réintégré dans le giron de l'Église. À la fin du Moyen Âge, l'excommunication apparaît aux yeux des réformateurs comme galvaudée par son usage courant pour des causes mineures, endettement ou contumace essentiellement. Quel est le poids réel de l'excommunication pour les fidèles qui l'endurent ?

Sources normatives et liturgiques définissent l'excommunication comme une peine prononcée par les pouvoirs ecclésiastiques envers ceux qui sont rétifs à l'autorité de l'Église : l'excommunié est banni de la communauté des chrétiens jusqu'à ce qu'il obtienne son pardon. Mais les archives des officialités révèlent à la fois les usages réels de la censure, arme de l'Église pour défendre ses droits et surtout pour obtenir des fidèles un comportement conforme aux exigences chrétiennes, et la perception de l'excommunication par ces mêmes fidèles. L'attachement à la communauté est indéniable et l'excommunication abusive est vécue comme une atteinte à l'honneur de chacun, comme une mise en cause du lien social existant au sein de la paroisse. Cependant, les relations entre proches, parents, amis, voisins, dépassent la portée de l'excommunication, réduisent l'efficacité de celle-ci en maintenant l'excommunié au milieu des siens. L'idéal reste une participation pleine et entière à la vie liturgique paroissiale, par laquelle la communauté se forme et s'affirme. Abus de l'Église peut-être, mais l'excommunication est indéniablement un révélateur du lien existant entre l'Église et les fidèles en cette fin du Moyen Âge.
Entre science et nigromance
Authors: Boudet Jean-Patrice 
Published: February 2019

Pourquoi Michel Scot, le fameux savant de l'entourage de Frédéric II, Guido Bonatti, le plus célèbre astrologue du xiiie siècle, Asdente, un cordonnier de Parme qui abandonna son métier pour devenir prophète, et de malheureuses femmes « qui laissèrent l'aiguille, la navette et le fuseau, pour se faire devineresses et se livrer à des enchantements avec herbes et images », se retrouvent-ils condamnés ensemble à subir le châtiment des devins en marchant à rebours, la tête à l'envers, dans la quatrième bolge du huitième cercle de l'Enfer de Dante Alighieri ? C'est en partant de cette question que ce livre examine, en amont et en aval du texte de Dante, l'évolution à la fois commune et divergente de l'astrologie et des arts divinatoires et magiques durant les quatre derniers siècles du Moyen Âge occidental.

Pour de nombreux clercs médiévaux et certains laïcs en quête de puissance, en effet, le xiie siècle a été celui de la découverte de nouvelles techniques de prédiction et d'un élargissement du champ d'application de la magie, le xiiie siècle celui de la quête d'une norme face à ces innovations, et les xive et xve siècles ceux de l'application de cette norme, au profit des astrologues mais aux dépens des magiciens et surtout des sorcières. Au carrefour entre l'histoire des sciences et de la magie et celle de la société et des pouvoirs, Entre science et « nigromance » met ainsi l'accent, dans une première partie consacrée aux xiie et xiiie siècles, sur le rôle des traductions dans l'évolution des savoirs astrologiques, divinatoires et magiques, sur la demande sociale et l'impulsion des cours et sur la recherche d'une norme théologique et juridique en la matière. La seconde partie examine la promotion socioculturelle et politique de la science des étoiles à la fin du Moyen Âge, celle, à un moindre degré, de la chiromancie, de la géomancie et des livres de sorts, les pratiques et rituels des magiciens et leurs motivations, le livre débouchant sur un réexamen, à nouveaux frais, des condamnations de la magie et de la divination et sur la genèse médiévale de la chasse aux sorcières.
Spirituality at Work: The Role of Spirituality Dimensions in Fostering Organizational Commitment
Authors: Sewwandi D.K 
Published: February 2019

Organizational Commitment is one of the key determinants of organizational success. This knowledge era where Human resource is considered as the main strategic resource demands the full potential and commitment of the work force to win an edge over competition. Such commitment can no longer promote through traditional strategies alone but can only be fostered when conditions are available for employees to bring their ‘whole self’-physical, mental and spiritual selves- to work place. Hence, call for spiritual values at work is increasing as employees seek opportunities for enriched work performed within the context of an organizational community along with personal and work goal congruence. Organizational commitment when fostered through these spiritual dimensions will be much consistent and long-lasting than temporary attachment generated through time- to- time material rewards. Hence, this conceptual paper aims at surfacing the grounds within which these two concepts can be linked for the betterment of the organization and its stakeholders
Forgiveness and politics: Reading Matthew 18:21–35 with survivors of armed conflict in Colombia
Authors: Heimburger Robert W. , Hays Christopher M. , Mejía-Castillo Guillermo 
Published: February 2019

After decades of armed conflict in Colombia, how do those most affected by that conflict understand forgiveness? While others have researched Colombians’ views of forgiveness, this study is the first to do so through discussion of a narrative of forgiveness. Readings of the biblical narrative chosen for this study, the Parable of the Unforgiving Debtor (Mt 18:21–35), can enable North Atlantic scholars to discover dimensions of the parable revealed by those who live lives that mirror the realities of the parable, unlike such scholars. The study aims to understand how conflict survivors, especially internally displaced persons (IDPs), understand forgiveness and its relation to politics. The study also aims to identify how these women and men read Matthew 18:21–35 differently from academics. Groups in eight locations around Colombia discussed Matthew 18:21–35. Researchers led lectura popular de la Biblia [people’s readings of the Bible], inviting participants to say how the parable related to their lives and to discuss the political consequences that would come from imitating characters in the parable. Conflict survivors said that forgiving was essential if their communities were going to be communities at all, especially communities at peace, offering freedom and economic opportunity. Unlike commentators, they read Matthew 18:21–35 as enjoining forgiveness towards those beyond their local church and for wrongs involving money and violence. As Colombian churches seek to counter resentment with forgiveness, they should be aware of the power of lectura popular, especially of this parable, to create a safe environment where conflict survivors can speak candidly.
Outcomes of prostate artery embolisation for benign prostatic hyperplasia in 10 cases at Steve Biko Academic Hospital
Authors: Fischer Hatty G. , Suleman Farhana E. , Ahmad Samia 
Published: February 2019

Background: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) remains a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in ageing men in South Africa and can impact significantly on the quality of life (QOL) of these patients. The Urology Department at Steve Biko Academic Hospital (SBAH) can generally only offer men with LUTS the following treatment options: watchful waiting, medical treatment and surgical management. In men with symptomatic BPH, who are refractory to medical treatment, where anaesthesia is contra-indicated because of co-morbidities or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is contra-indicated because of the prostate size, the Urology and Radiology departments at SBAH recently introduced prostate artery embolisation (PAE).Aim: To assess the outcome of PAE in 10 men with LUTS, secondary to BPH, by comparing their urinary symptoms, QOL and prostate volume before and 3 months after they underwent PAE in the Radiology Department at SBAH.Method: The review included the first 10 men who had undergone therapeutic PAE for symptomatic BPH from May 2016 to September 2016. The subjective symptomatic feedback was assessed according to the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the Global Quality of Life questionnaire, created by the American Urological Association (AUA). The reduction in the size of the prostate was measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: Embolisation was technically achieved in all 10 patients. Bilateral embolisation was performed on nine patients. One patient received unilateral embolisation secondary to unilateral tortuous and atherosclerotic changes of the iliac arteries. Within the 3-month follow-up, the mean IPSS score improved by 15.7 points (p < 0.0039), the mean QOL improved by 4.1 points (p < 0.0039) and the mean prostate volume reduction was 21.8 mL (p < 0.0039). Despite improvements observed, there was one clinical failure. No major complications were reported that increased hospital stay, required hospital readmission or required surgery.Conclusion: The study on the first 10 PAE performed in SBAH concludes that PAE is a safe and effective procedure with favourable short-term follow-up results. This indicates that PAE can safely be offered to patients, who are refractory to medical treatment and not suitable candidates for surgery, in urology departments such as in SBAH.
Aanwezig en afwezig
Authors: Indekeu Astrid , Bastiaansen Leen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Present and Absent: Inclusion of Donor-conceived Families in the School Context from a Teachers’ and School Support Staff’s Perspective

Donor-conceived families, families by egg, sperm, or embryo donation, are seen as the “new families”, who until recently were hidden in society. This research project explores the way in which donor-conceived families are included within the school context and which class, school or teacher characteristics influence the implementation of the topic of donor conception/donor-conceived families in class. The project contains a quantitative, explorative study in which 151 teachers were inquired and two qualitative studies in which 16 teachers/student support staff were interviewed. Our results show that donor conception/donor-conceived families are very little included in the school context and that both school characteristics (multiculturalism) and teacher characteristics (lack of knowledge, being religious) hinder discussing the topic in class. Supporting teachers by offering them prepared teaching modules, facilitated the inclusion of the topic in the school curriculum and the acceptance to talk about it in class. This pioneering study offers an impulse for further research in which donor-conceived offspring themselves can be inquired about their school experiences.
Whistleblowing in Canada
Authors: Vatanchi Siavash 
Published: February 2019

Whistleblowing has only been utilized in the fight against corruption effectively the past couple of decades. Today, while many public sector employees enjoy sweeping legislative protections, a significant portion of the 12 million Canadians working in the private sector remain inadequately protected. This paper will explore the shortcomings associated with the present Canadian system and examine how our whistleblower protections can be strengthened by incorporating world leading measures from countries like the U.S., U.K., Japan, as well as others. A case for the enactment of uniform legislation aimed at protecting all whistleblowers in Canada will ultimately be made. Even though the beneficial consequences of such an act will be multifaceted and profound, chiefly because it will put an end to the unequal rights public and private sector workers are afforded, the scope of this essay will be largely limited to exploring how expanding whistleblowing protections will allow Canada to better fulfill its international anti-corruption obligations under the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act.
Comparison of Legiolert and a Conventional Culture Method for Detection of Legionella pneumophila from Cooling Towers in Québec
Authors: Barrette Isabelle 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Legionnaires’ disease is a potentially lethal pneumonia contracted through inhalation of aerosolized water contaminated with Legionella bacteria. Detection and control of L. pneumophila, the primary species responsible for the disease, is critical to public health. In Québec, cooling towers and evaporative condensers are required to follow a maintenance and testing program to ensure L. pneumophila concentrations remain at acceptable levels. Objective: This study compared a new culture method based on the most probable number approach, Legiolert®, with the formal culture method used at EnvironeX for regulatory compliance testing to quantify L. pneumophila from cooling tower waters in Québec. Methods: A split-sample analysis was performed in which 401 samples from cooling towers in Québec were tested with both methods. Results: Results with 74 positive samples showed that Legiolert provided a significant increase in sensitivity for L. pneumophila compared with the agar plate method. Cooling tower samples often contain non-Legionella flora that necessitate multiple treatment and plating conditions to prevent interference with the test. Legiolert showed little to no impact from non-Legionella organisms in this study. Conclusions: Overall, Legiolert showed several advantages over the agar plate method, including increased sensitivity, reduced interference, a simplified test procedure, and an easy-to-read positive signal.
Структурный анализ дефектов в слоистых двойных гидроксидах и оксидах смешанного состава на их основе
Authors: Leont’eva N.N. , Drozdov V.A. , Belskaya O.B. , Cherepanova S.V. 
Published: February 2019

В данной статье представлен обзор результатов исследования дефектов структуры MgAl и NiAl слоистых двойных гидроксидов и продуктов их терморазложения до 1000 °С, полученных за последние 10 лет в лаборатории аналитических и физико-химических методов исследования ИППУ СО РАН. Представленные результаты выполнены с использованием метода моделирования рентгенограмм для одномерно (1D) разупорядоченных кристаллов. Установлены изменения типа дефектов структуры в зависимости от температуры прокаливания, в том числе в условиях in situ рентгенографии. Предложен структурный механизм образования дегидратированной фазы при Т=200 °С. Представлены новые модели структур MgAl и NiAl оксидов. Установлены структуры фаз, входящих в состав продуктов гидратации оксидов. Объяснено различие в поведении оксидов при гидратации.