bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Money and relationships online: communication and norm formation in women’s discussions of couple resource allocation
Authors: Moor Liz , Kanji Shireen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearch on intra‐household resource allocation practices has largely ignored the role of communication within but especially beyond the household. This article shows that discussions engaged in outside of the household shed light on intra‐household deliberation and also contribute to an understanding of how norms are formed and used in discussions and negotiations. Using data from the website Mumsnet, and grounding our analysis in a framework that combines the literature on gender norms in allocation practices with insights from the study of online communication, we contribute to the sociological literature on household distribution in three ways: first, we show that women use discussion sites like Mumsnet to clarify and sometimes contest social norms regarding money and relationships; second, we show that users conceive the ability to communicate with partners as a source of ‘relationship power’ and use online discussion with other women to develop that skill; third, we argue that sites like Mumsnet provide fresh insights into household resource allocation processes. The article concludes with a broader discussion of the role of communication in household distribution and the value of online data for understanding such processes.
The effect of political control on financial performance, structure, and outcomes of US nursing homes
Authors: Blankart Carl Rudolf , Foster Andrew D. , Mor Vincent 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of partisan political control on financial performance, structure, and outcomes of for‐profit and not‐for‐profitUSnursing homes.Data Sources/Study SettingNineteen‐year panel (1996‐2014) of state election outcomes, financial performance data from nursing home cost reports, operational and aggregate resident characteristics fromOSCARof 13 737 nursing homes.Study DesignA linear panel model was estimated to identify the effect of Democratic and Republican political control on next year's outcomes. Nursing home outcomes were defined as yearly facility revenues, expenses, and profits; the number of Medicaid, Medicare, and private‐pay residents; staffing levels; and selected resident outcomes.Principal FindingsDemocratic political control leads to an increase in financial flows to for‐profit nursing homes, boosting profits without producing observable improvements in resident outcomes. Republican political control leads to lower revenues and profits of for‐profit nursing homes. A shift from Medicaid to more profitable private‐pay residents following Republican political control is observed for all nursing homes. Financial performance of not‐for‐profit nursing homes is not significantly affected by changes in political control.ConclusionPolitical control of the two legislative chambers—but not of the governorship—shapes the structure of the nursing home industry as seen in provider behavior.
Dynamic Changes in Health‐Promoting Properties and Eating Quality During Off‐Vine Ripening of Tomatoes
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammed Wasim , Lara Isabel , Ilahy Riadh , Tlili Imen , Ali Asgar , Homa Fozia , Prasad Kamlesh , Deshi Vinayak , Lenucci Marcello Salvatore , Hdider Chafik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersiconL.) fruit is rich in various nutrients, vitamins and health‐promoting molecules. Fresh tomatoes are an important part of the Mediterranean gastronomy, and their consumption is thought to contribute substantially to the reduced incidence of some chronic diseases in the Mediterranean populations in comparison with those of other world areas. Unfortunately, tomato fruit is highly perishable, resulting in important economic losses and posing a challenge to storage, logistic and supply management. This review summarizes the current knowledge on some important health‐promoting and eating quality traits of tomato fruits after harvest and highlights the existence of substantial cultivar‐to‐cultivar variation in the postharvest evolution of the considered traits according to maturity stage at harvest and in response to postharvest manipulations. It also suggests the need for adapting postharvest procedures to the characteristics of each particular genotype to preserve the optimal quality of the fresh product.
Randomized and controlled study comparing patient controlled and radiologist controlled intra‐procedural conscious sedation, using midazolam and fentanyl, for patients undergoing insertion of a central venous line
Authors: Clements Warren , Sneddon David , Kavnoudias Helen , Joseph Tim , Goh Gerard S , Koukounaras Jim , Snow Thomas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionInterventional Radiology procedures can provoke anxiety and may be painful. Current practice, Radiologist Controlled Sedation (RCS), involves titrating aliquots of midazolam and fentanyl to patient response but underdosing and overdosing may occur. This study tests a new method of titrating sedation/analgesia during the procedure, Patient Controlled Sedation (PCS), in which a combination of fentanyl and midazolam are administered using a patient‐controlled analgesia pump. This allows the patient to self‐control their sedation/analgesia during the procedure.MethodsWe performed a randomised control trial comparing the effects of pain, sedation, amnesia and overall patient satisfaction between PCS and RCS, by enrolling forty patients undergoing insertion of a tunnelled central line.ResultsOur results showed that PCS was safe, with no adverse events. PCS was effective in providing sedation, amnesia and overall pain relief comparable to RCS. There was no significant difference in dose given to patients using PCS or RCS. There was a tendency for patients in the PCS group to begin sedation later than those in the RCS group, but both were equally sedated during the procedure. We show that patients in the PCS group were very satisfied with the procedure.ConclusionsWe show that PCS is non‐inferior to RCS in terms of dosage given and degree of sedation. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to show intra‐procedural PCS in an Interventional Radiology setting using midazolam and fentanyl as a randomised comparative trial. It has wide applicability in a procedural setting for very low cost and with minimal additional training required.
Androgen deprivation therapy use with post‐prostatectomy radiotherapy in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry Victoria
Authors: Ong Wee Loon , Foroudi Farshad , Evans Sue , Millar Jeremy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study is to evaluate the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with post‐prostatectomy radiotherapy (PPRT) in a population‐based cohort of Australian men.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort of men with localised prostate cancer captured in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry Victoria (PCOR‐Vic), who received PPRT between January 2010 and December 2015. The primary outcome was ADT use with PPRT. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify patient, tumour and institutional factors influencing ADT use.Results485 men were included in this study – 115 (24%) had pT2 disease, 231 (48%) pT3a, 134 (28%) pT3b and 5 (1%) pT4. Eighteen (4%) men had ISUP grade 1 disease, 139 (29%) ISUP grade 2, 170 (35%) ISUP grade 3 and 158 (33%) ISUP grade 4/5, while 267 (64%) men had positive surgical margins. Median time from prostatectomy to PPRT was 8.1 months (IQR = 5.3–13.9). Sixty‐six (14%) patients had ADT with PPRT. In multivariate analyses, men who had increased age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.11), seminal vesicle involvement (OR = 3.81; 95% CI = 1.63–8.91) and underwent treatment in regional centres (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.08–4.33) were more likely to have ADT with PPRT.ConclusionWe reported that 14% of men treated with PPRT received ADT in a population‐based cohort of Australian men, which was less than half of the proportion of ADT use with PPRT in the US. It will be of interest to evaluate the uptake of ADT with PPRT in the coming years following recent publications of level 1 evidence confirming overall survival benefits of ADT with PPRT.
Circadian disruption favors alcohol consumption and differential ΔFosB accumulation in Corticolimbic structures
Authors: Reséndiz‐Flores Maricruz , Escobar Carolina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShift‐work and exposure to light at night lead to circadian disruption, which favors the use of alcohol and may be a risk factor for development of addictive behavior. This study evaluated in two experimental models of circadian disruption behavioral indicators of elevated alcohol intake and looked for ΔFosB, which is a transcription factor for neuronal plasticity in corticolimbic structures. Male Wistar rats were exposed to experimental shift‐work (AR) or to constant light (LL) and were compared with a control group (LD). After 4 weeks in their corresponding conditions, control LD rats remained rhythmic, AR rats exhibited a loss of day–night patterns in the brain and the LL rats showed arrhythmicity in general activity and day–night PER1 patterns in corticolimbic structures. During 12 days of exposure to 10 percent alcohol solution, the AR group showed daily increased alcohol intake while LD and LL rats ingested similar amounts. After 72 h of alcohol deprivation, AR and LL rats increased alcohol intake in a binge‐like test; this could be due not only to circadian disruption but also to stress and/or anxiety developed from the AR and LL manipulations. Associated to the increased alcohol intake, the AR and LL rats had significant accumulation of ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens shell and decreased ΔFosB in the infralimbic cortex. Data here reported confirm that the disruption of temporal patterns favors the increased alcohol consumption and that this is associated with a differential accumulation of ΔFosB which may favor the development of addictive behavior.
Effect of ibuprofen on the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: de Geus Juliana L. , Wambier Leticia M. , Boing Thaynara F. , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Reis Alessandra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare preventive ibuprofen administration to placebo on the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library, SIGLE, and grey literature. The risk of bias was evaluated through the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Only seven studies remained for the meta‐analysis. Administering ibuprofen before anaesthesia increased the success rate of injectable anaesthesia (RR = 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–2.42; P = 0.0002) even in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (RR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.05–2.29; P = 0.03). The intensity of pain was lower for ibuprofen (standardised difference means (SMD) = −3.73; 95% CI −6.43 to −1.04; P = 0.007). Ibuprofen as premedication is beneficial for the success of inferior alveolar nerve block.
Local‐ and landscape‐level effects of land use change on bird diversity in Abiata‐Shalla Lakes National Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Addisu , Mengesha Girma , Sori Tolera , Mamo Yosef 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on biodiversity is important for conservation prioritization. This study examined the effects of vegetation degradation on bird diversity in Abiata‐Shalla Lakes National Park, Ethiopia. We surveyed birds and vegetation structure between January and March 2015 in disturbed (impacted by settlement and agriculture) and undisturbed (not impacted) transects of two vegetation types (savannah woodland and gallery forest). We compared between disturbed and undisturbed transects at local (within vegetation types) and landscape (across vegetation types) levels: (a) avian species richness of the entire assemblage and feeding guilds and (b) species assemblage composition. We found significantly greater mean and total bird species richness of the entire assemblage and insectivore and granivore feeding guilds in the undisturbed transects, while the nectarivore guild was totally absent in the disturbed transects. We also found significant differences in bird species assemblage composition between the disturbed and undisturbed transects both within and across the vegetation types, and bird species assemblage composition at the landscape level was positively correlated with tree abundance and understorey vegetation height. In conclusion, our results demonstrate and add to the increasing body of evidence concerning the adverse effects of human‐induced vegetation change on bird diversity.
Benzoyl peroxide + chlorhexidine versus chlorhexidine alone skin preparation to reduce Propionibacterium acnes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hancock Douglas S. , Rupasinghe Shavantha L. , Elkinson Ilia , Bloomfield Max G. , Larsen Peter D. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTraditional skin preparation for shoulder surgery is not specific for Propionibacterium acnes. Topical benzoyl peroxide for 48 h preoperatively has been shown to reduce the bacterial load of P. acnes on the skin. Our aim was to investigate whether skin preparation with a single application of benzoyl peroxide combined with 2% chlorhexidine/alcohol immediately prior to surgery was superior to 2% chlorhexidine/alcohol alone at inhibiting P. acnes.MethodsWe conducted a single‐blinded interventional study. Each shoulder of the participant was assigned a different preparation through a randomization process. Two sites were assessed per shoulder. The intervention was the application of benzoyl peroxide followed by chlorhexidine/alcohol to the shoulder. The control was two applications of 2% chlorhexidine/alcohol. Superficial skin swabs for semi‐quantitative culture were taken pre‐ and post‐skin preparation.ResultsA total of 22 male participants were randomized. All participants were colonized with P. acnes on baseline swabs. We found complete inhibition of P. acnes at 14 days at 80% of sites prepared with benzoyl peroxide + chlorhexidine/alcohol compared with 86% inhibition at shoulder sites prepared with chlorhexidine alone.ConclusionThere was no reduction in the growth of P. acnes over 14 days with chlorhexidine/alcohol and benzoyl peroxide compared with chlorhexidine alone. On the basis of these results, the addition of benzoyl peroxide at the time of surgery does not appear to increase the efficacy of the surgical preparation for inhibiting P. acnes growth.
Microbial translocation and T cell activation are modified by direct‐acting antiviral therapy in HCV‐infected patients
Authors: Lattanzi Barbara , Baroncelli Silvia , De Santis Adriano , Galluzzo Clementina Maria , Mennini Gianluca , Michelini Zuleika , Lupo Marinella , Ginanni Corradini Stefano , Rossi Massimo , Palmisano Lucia , Merli Manuela 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundMicrobial translocation from the gut lumen has been involved in the pathogenesis of liver damage in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.AimTo investigate the impact of direct‐acting antiviral treatment on microbial translocation and T‐cell activation, in patients with hepatitis C‐related liver disease.MethodsWe enrolled two groups of HCV‐infected patients undergoing direct‐acting antiviral treatment: patients with fibrosis ≥F3 according to Metavir (Group ≥F3); patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation and Metavir ≥F2 (Group Liver Transplantation + ≥F2). All patients were treated with direct‐acting antivirals based on ongoing guidelines. Surrogate biomarkers of microbial translocation (plasma concentrations of soluble‐CD14, lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein and intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein) were evaluated at baseline, at first month, at the end of treatment and 3 months later. T‐cell activation was measured by expression of CD38+ HLA‐DR at the same time points, only in Group ≥F3.ResultsThere were 32 patients in Group ≥F3 and 13 in Group LT + ≥F2. At baseline, levels of soluble‐CD14 and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein were significantly higher in both groups vs healthy controls. Baseline soluble‐CD14 correlated with glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase (r = 0.384, P = 0.009) and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (r = 0.293, P = 0.05). A significant decrease in plasma levels of surrogate microbial translocation biomarkers was observed during and after treatment in the two groups although values were not normalised. In Group ≥F3, CD38+ HLADR+ T‐cell expression was significantly decreased by direct‐acting antiviral treatment. Relapsers (9%) showed higher soluble‐CD14 levels at baseline.ConclusionSurrogate microbial translocation markers and T cell activation are increased in HCV‐infected patients with liver fibrosis and decrease during direct‐acting antiviral treatment.
Evaluation of controlled‐release devices for providing chromium sesquioxide and zinc in Huacaya alpacas at pasture
Authors: Judson GJ , McGregor BA , Ellis KJ , Howse AM 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of controlled‐release devices (CRDs) for providing zinc and for estimating faecal output in alpacas and sheep at pasture.MethodsThe study groups of 10 alpacas and 10 sheep at pasture were paired within species and allocated at random to receive by mouth either one CRD containing chromium sesquioxide designed to function for at least 21 days or two CRDs, one containing chromium sesquioxide and the other zinc oxide designed to release over a nominal 60‐day period. Faecal concentrations of chromium, zinc and ash, blood and plasma concentrations of zinc and plasma activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured over a period of 117 days after treatment.ResultsThe mean faecal chromium excretion profiles suggested that the CRDs performed in a similar manner in both species, releasing chromium for nearly 30 days in alpacas and for slightly more than 30 days in sheep. Using a common predetermined release rate of chromium from the CRDs, the daily faecal outputs of alpacas and sheep were estimated to be 0.54 kg dry matter and 0.33 kg dry matter, respectively. The CRD containing zinc oxide provided after 1 week an estimated daily release rate of 40 mg zinc with a lifetime of between 60 and 70 days in both species. The additional zinc did not elicit a response in blood zinc concentrations or in plasma ALP activity.ConclusionThe CRDs were retained in the gastrointestinal tracts of the alpacas and sheep and both types functioned as expected. The CRD delivering chromium sesquioxide at a known release rate provided an estimate of faecal dry matter output over a period of almost 3 weeks and the CRD formulated to deliver supplementary zinc did so at the nominal release rate over a period of approximately 60 days in both species. These data indicated that the standard sheep CRD is applicable for use in alpacas.
Using photo‐elicitation to explore the lived experience of informal caregivers of individuals living with dementia
Authors: Rayment Georgie , Swainston Katherine , Wilson Gemma 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the subjective lived experience of informal caregivers supporting an individual with dementia.DesignThis study uses the interpretive phenomenological approach utilizing the method of photo‐elicitation and in‐depth semi‐structured interviews.MethodsSix individuals were given a disposable camera to capture photographs which they felt illustrated their own lived experiences of being a caregiver of an individual living with dementia. Photographs were printed and used to form discussion within an in‐depth semi‐structured interview. The photographs provided an innovative way of capturing the lived experiences of formal dementia caregivers and allowed the interview data to be grounded in their daily living, centring around their own lived experiences.ResultsThree themes emerged from data analysis: ‘conceptualising the role of informal caregiver’, ‘support for the informal caregiver’, and ‘the caregivers own needs’.ConclusionsFindings demonstrated the complexity of the relationship between the caregiver and the person living with dementia, and the shift in this relationship specifically due to the role of carer, with notable differences between spousal caregivers and adult‐child caregivers. The importance of social, emotional, and practical support for caregivers was highlighted, as well as significance of the caregiver's individual needs.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Informal caregivers of individuals living with dementia cover much of the associated health care costs.

Informal caregiving of individuals living with dementia can lead to negative health outcomes of the carer.

Health outcomes of informal caregivers living with dementia are grounded in culture and are influenced by multiple factors.

What does this study add?

The complexity of the transition from family member to informal caregiver has both a physical and emotional impact on caregivers.

The transition, and experiences of informal caregiving, is dependent on the relationship to the individual living with dementia.

Caregiver support and recognizing the caregiver's individual needs were imperative to caregiver well‐being.
Late‐Quaternary history of ‘great lakes’ on the Tibetan Plateau and palaeoclimatic implications – A review
Authors: Yu Shi‐Yong , Colman Steven M. , Lai Zhong‐Ping 
Published: October 2018

Geomorphic evidence suggests that shorelines of 100–200 m above the modern lake levels were common across the Tibetan Plateau during late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The timing of this lake‐level highstand is mainly based on radiocarbon ages. Problems surrounding the ages of lacustrine sediments at or beyond the limit of the radiocarbon‐dating method have created a need for alternative geochronometers. Chronological advances during the last decade have renewed interest in the timing of events beyond the limit of radiocarbon dating. Here, we synthesize published data for elevated lacustrine landforms of 48 lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, in order to provide a thorough perspective on the timing and pattern of lake‐level changes in this alpine area during the late Quaternary. The ages of these elevated shore features reveal a long‐term trend of relative lake‐level fall from at least MIS 5, instead of a peak in MIS 3, as previously thought. Dating lacustrine terrace sequences reveals that the rate of lake‐level fall ranged from ~1 to 3 mm a−1, comparable with that of related river downcutting across the plateau. Palaeoclimatic proxy records point to a sustained drying since the Last Interglacial, suggesting that long‐term aridification might be the culprit for this widespread and progressive lake‐level fall.
Postglacial relative sea‐level rise in the Limfjord region, northern Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Jessen Catherine , Christensen Charlie , Nielsen Bjarne H. 
Published: October 2018

A new core drilled at Nørrekær Enge, Løgstør, Denmark, shows terrestrial lake and bog sediments lying beneath 10 m of marine sediments. Pollen analysis, 14C dating and sedimentary observations show that these sediments relate to an ancient lake basin that was flooded when the rising sea levels reached 8.0 m b.s.l. This new study has allowed a review of previous data relating to shoreline displacement from the Limfjord region of northern Jutland, Denmark. Here we present a new shoreline displacement curve spanning the period between c. 11 700 and 7700 cal. a BP and built upon the Nørrekær Enge data and data from seven other boreholes and excavations from the Limfjord region. A previous shoreline displacement curve for this region suggested a very rapid relative sea‐level rise of 3 to 5 m 100 a−1 whereas this new curve suggests a much slower rise of around 1 m 100 a−1, similar to global rates.