bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General psychopathology, internalising and externalising in children and functional outcomes in late adolescence
Authors: Sallis Hannah , Szekely Eszter , Neumann Alexander , Jolicoeur‐Martineau Alexia , van IJzendoorn Marinus , Hillegers Manon , Greenwood Celia M.T. , Meaney Michael J , Steiner Meir , Tiemeier Henning , Wazana Ashley , Pearson Rebecca M. , Evans Jonathan 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundInternalising and externalising problems commonly co‐occur in childhood. Yet, few developmental models describing the structure of child psychopathology appropriately account for this comorbidity. We evaluate a model of childhood psychopathology that separates the unique and shared contribution of individual psychological symptoms into specific internalising, externalising and general psychopathology factors and assess how these general and specific factors predict long‐term outcomes concerning criminal behaviour, academic achievement and affective symptoms in three independent cohorts.MethodsData were drawn from independent birth cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), N = 11,612; Generation R, N = 7,946; Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN), N = 408). Child psychopathology was assessed between 4 and 8 years using a range of diagnostic and questionnaire‐based measures, and multiple informants. First, structural equation models were used to assess the fit of hypothesised models of shared and unique components of psychopathology in all cohorts. Once the model was chosen, linear/logistic regressions were used to investigate whether these factors were associated with important outcomes such as criminal behaviour, academic achievement and well‐being from late adolescence/early adulthood.ResultsThe model that included specific factors for internalising/externalising and a general psychopathology factor capturing variance shared between symptoms regardless of their classification fits well for all of the cohorts. As hypothesised, general psychopathology factor scores were predictive of all outcomes of later functioning, while specific internalising factor scores predicted later internalising outcomes. Specific externalising factor scores, capturing variance not shared by any other psychological symptoms, were not predictive of later outcomes.ConclusionsEarly symptoms of psychopathology carry information that is syndrome‐specific as well as indicative of general vulnerability and the informant reporting on the child. The ‘general psychopathology factor' might be more relevant for long‐term outcomes than specific symptoms. These findings emphasise the importance of considering the co‐occurrence of common internalising and externalising problems in childhood when considering long‐term impact.
Higher temperatures increase developmental rate & reduce body size at hatching in the small‐eyed skate Raja microocellata: implications for exploitation of an elasmobranch in warming seas
Authors: Hume John B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEffects of temperature on development of Raja microocellata was tested by maintaining embryos in controlled conditions representative of those predicted under current climate scenarios. There was a positive relationship between size of neonates & developmental rate: temperatures 14.5–16.5°C produced skates 3.5–7%, respectively, smaller than those raised at 12.5°C. Developmental rates were also 12–23% faster, with neonates hatching 3–7 weeks earlier.
Astrocytes in neuroendocrine systems: An overview
Authors: MacDonald Alastair J. , Robb Josephine L. , Morrissey Nicole A. , Beall Craig , Ellacott Kate L. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA class of glial cell, astrocytes, is highly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to maintaining tissue homeostasis, astrocytes regulate neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity. There is an ever‐increasing appreciation that astrocytes are involved in the regulation of physiology and behaviour in normal and pathological states, including within neuroendocrine systems. Indeed, astrocytes are direct targets of hormone action in theCNS, via receptors expressed on their surface, and are also a source of regulatory neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and gliotransmitters. Furthermore, as part of the neurovascular unit, astrocytes can regulate hormone entry into theCNS. This review is intended to provide an overview of how astrocytes are impacted by and contribute to the regulation of a diverse range of neuroendocrine systems: energy homeostasis and metabolism, reproduction, fluid homeostasis, the stress response and circadian rhythms.
Gastroparesis, metoclopramide, and tardive dyskinesia: Risk revisited
Authors: Al‐Saffar Ahmad , Lennernäs Hans , Hellström Per M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetoclopramide is primarily a dopamine receptor antagonist, with 5HT3 receptor antagonist and 5HT4 receptor agonist activity, and used as an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic since almost 50 years. Regulatory authorities issued restrictions and recommendations regarding long‐term use of the drug at oral doses exceeding 10 mg 3‐4 times daily because of the risk for development of tardive dyskinesia. The aim of our study was to review mechanism(s) of action and pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic properties of metoclopramide, as well as the risk of metoclopramide‐induced tardive dyskinesia, factors that may change drug exposure in humans, and to summarize the clinical context for appropriate use of the drug.MethodsA PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cross Reference search was done using the key words and combined searches: drug‐drug interaction, gastroparesis, metoclopramide, natural history, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug‐drug interaction, outcome, risk factors, tardive dyskinesia.Key resultsData show that the risk of tardive dyskinesia from metoclopramide is low, in the range of 0.1% per 1000 patient years. This is far below a previously estimated 1%‐10% risk suggested in treatment guidelines by regulatory authorities. High‐risk groups are elderly females, diabetics, patients with liver or kidney failure, and patients with concomitant antipsychotic drug therapy, which reduces the threshold for neurological complications.Conclusions & InferencesThe risk of tardive dyskinesia due to metoclopramide is far below approximated numbers in treatment guidelines. This risk and the influence of known risk factors should be considered when starting a course of metoclopramide for treatment of gastroparesis.
Compensation to simulated insect leaf herbivory in wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum): responses to multiple levels of damage and associated traits
Authors: Quijano‐Medina T. , Covelo F. , Moreira X. , Abdala‐Roberts L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Identifying the mechanisms of compensation to insect herbivory remains a major challenge in plant biology and evolutionary ecology. Most previous studies have addressed plant compensatory responses to one or two levels of insect herbivory, and the underlying traits mediating such responses remain elusive in many cases.

We evaluated responses associated with compensation to multiple intensities of leaf damage (0% control, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% of leaf area removed) by means of mechanical removal of foliar tissue and application of a caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua) oral secretions in 3‐month‐old wild cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum). Four weeks post‐treatment, we measured plant growth and multiple traits associated with compensation, namely: changes in above‐ and belowground, biomass and the concentration of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and non‐structural carbon reserves (starch and soluble sugars) in roots, stems and leaves.

We found that wild cotton fully compensated in terms of growth and biomass allocation when leaf damage was low (10%), whereas moderate (25%) to high leaf damage in some cases led to under‐compensation. Nonetheless, high levels of leaf removal (50% and 75%) in most cases did not cause further reductions in height and allocation to leaf and stem biomass relative to low and moderate damage. There were significant positive effects of leaf damage on P concentration in leaves and stems, but not roots, as well as a negative effect on soluble sugars in roots.

These results indicate that wild cotton fully compensated for a low level of leaf damage but under‐compensated under moderate to high leaf damage, but can nonetheless sustain growth despite increasing losses to herbivory. Such responses were possibly mediated by a re‐allocation of carbohydrate reserves from roots to shoots.
Incentive–Compatible Prehospital Triage in Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Webb Eric M. , Mills Alex F. 
Published: May 2019

The emergency medical services (EMS) system is designed to handle life‐threatening emergencies, but a large and growing number of non‐emergency patients are accessing hospital‐based health care through EMS. A national survey estimated that 17% of ambulance trips to hospital emergency departments (EDs) were medically unnecessary, and these unnecessary trips make up an increasing proportion of all EMS trips. These non‐emergency patients are a controllable arrival stream that can be redirected to an appropriate care provider, reducing congestion in EDs, reducing costs to patients and health care payers, and improving patient health, but prehospital triage to identify these patients is almost never implemented by EMS providers in the United States. Using a decision model, we show that prehospital triage is unlikely to occur under the current structure of fee‐for‐service reimbursements, regardless of how effective the triage process might be, unless low‐acuity patients are unprofitable and a hospital is willing to coordinate with EMS. We demonstrate several mechanisms a payer, such as Medicare, could use to promote prehospital triage: reforming fee‐for‐service reimbursements or offering a value‐based payment, such as bundled payments or shared savings contracts. Using data from a national survey and levels of triage effectiveness demonstrated in the literature, we conservatively estimate that Medicare alone could save between $3 and $70 million per year (depending on triage effectiveness) by providing incentives for prehospital triage. Between 26,500 and 628,000 non‐emergency patients could be diverted to more appropriate care options, making prehospital triage a practical step to address hospital emergency department crowding.
The counting approach to multidimensional poverty. The case of four African countries
Authors: Berenger Valérie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the levels and evolution of poverty in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe using the decomposability properties of poverty measures based on a counting approach. We compare poverty measures such as the Alkire and Foster index with alternative poverty indices that are sensitive to inequality. Poverty is estimated using Demographic and Health Surveys for different years for Malawi (2004, 2010 and 2015), for Mozambique (2003 and 2011), Tanzania (2004, 2010 and 2015) and for Zimbabwe (2005, 2010 and 2015). Our findings show that one obtains insightful information when looking at the breadth and inequality components of multidimensional poverty.
Dating Gondwanan continental crust at the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic
Authors: Santos Roberto Ventura , Ganade Carlos Eduardo , Lacasse Christian M. , Costa Iago S. L. , Pessanha Ivo , Frazão Eugenio P. , Dantas Elton L. , Cavalcante José A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCrystalline continental rocks and associated crust‐contaminated basaltic rocks were unexpectedly dredged on the crest and at seamounts of the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic. Zircon U–Pb ages of one gabbro (ca. 2,200 Ma) and four granitoids (between ca. 1,430–480 Ma) indicate that the breakup of SW Gondwana left behind continental fragments of dominantly African age. These rocks may have been incorporated into the oceanic lithosphere by complex processes including rifting and interaction of the Tristan‐Gough mantle plume with hyperextended continental margins. Until ca. 80–70 Ma, the Rio Grande Rise and an old portion of the Walvis Ridge formed a conjugate pair of aseismic ridges, and the Tristan‐Gough plume was positioned at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. The finding of continental rock fragments in one of these conjugate pairs opens new perspectives on the mechanisms of continental break‐up, the nature of this conjugate pair, and the geodynamic evolution of rifted Gondwana margins in the South Atlantic.
Renal ultrasonographic abnormalities are associated with low glomerular filtration rate calculated by scintigraphy in dogs
Authors: Mattei Chiara , Pelander Lena , Hansson Kerstin , Uhlhorn Margareta , Olsson Ulf , Häggström Jens , Ljungvall Ingrid , Ley Charles J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUltrasound provides information on kidney morphology, but studies relating structural and functional abnormalities in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are lacking. The aim of this descriptive cross‐sectional study was to compare individual kidney (IK) B‐mode ultrasound abnormalities to IK glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by scintigraphy normalized to plasma volume (PV) in dogs, to evaluate if ultrasonographic findings were associated with low IKGFR/PV. Eighty privately owned dogs with and without clinical suspicion of CKD were prospectively enrolled, and kidney ultrasound and IKGFR/PV were evaluated independently. Ultrasound images were assessed retrospectively for subjective abnormalities (shape, cortical, and medullary hyperechogenicity), and kidney size was measured. The normal IKGFR/PV cutoff was derived from dogs in the study group with no history and clinical signs of kidney disease and normal blood and urine results (n = 28) and was 16.84 mL/min/L. Kidneys were categorized into normal, mild, moderate, and severe ultrasound changes according to subjective ultrasound grades. Associations were found between low IKGFR/PV and abnormal kidney shape (P = .0004), cortical hyperechogenicity (P = .0008), medullary hyperechogenicity (P < .0001), and low kidney volume (P = .0092). Apart from the moderate and severe category comparison, IKGFR/PV value significantly decreased with increasing severity of category. The combination of ultrasonographic subjective abnormalities had a high sensitivity (93.8%) and moderate specificity (65.7%) for detecting low IKGFR/PV. Kidneys with normal IKGFR/PV had a low frequency of mild ultrasound changes. Findings indicate kidneys with increasing number and grade of subjective ultrasound abnormalities are more likely to have a lower IKGFR/PV.
A Compositional Thermal Multiphase Wellbore Model for Use in Non-Isothermal Gas Lifting
Authors: Sadri Mahdi , Mahdiyar Hojjat , Mohsenipour Ali 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a new compositional mechanistic wellbore model, including gas lifting parameters, is presented. In the governing equations of this model, new terms for mass transfer between phases and the enthalpy of phase change, which are important in non-isothermal gas lift systems, have been considered. These terms have been ignored in some recent research studies and subsequent results show that by ignoring them, serious errors may arise. In the current research study, using a mechanistic drift-flux approach, the pressure distribution in a wellbore was modeled. To verify the new simulator, the results were compared with those of commercial simulators. They were also verified against the phase behavior analysis of the fluid flowing in the wellbore. In addition, in order to show the novel aspects of the new simulator, the results of the presented simulator were compared with the results of a recently proposed model found in the literature. It was concluded that neglecting phase change effects may cause significant errors in calculating pressure and temperature values along wellbores. This error could be significant, up to 24% depending on conditions when flowing fluid pressure is close to its saturation point or in the case of simulating gas lift operation.
Modeling, Simulation, and Performance Evaluation Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Power Plant Coupled to an Organic Rankine Cycle Engine in North Eastern Greece Using trnsys
Authors: Botsaris Pantelis N. , Pechtelidis Alexandros G. , Lymperopoulos Konstantinos A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present work is focused on the development of a simulation model for an existing cogeneration power plant, which utilizes a solar thermal field with parabolic trough solar collectors coupled to an Organic Rankine Cycle engine. The power plant is modeled in the trnsys v.17 software package and its performance has been validated with real operating conditions. The simulated system (concentrated solar power (CSP) field and ORC engine) is the main part of a hybrid power plant located near “Ziloti” village of the Municipality of Xanthi, in northeastern Greece. The construction of the hybrid power plant was funded by the Strategic Co-Funded Project of the European Territorial Cooperation Program Greece–Bulgaria 2007–2013 with the acronym ENERGEIA. The power plant simulated in this paper includes a 234 kWth solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) field, a 5 m3 thermal energy storage tank, and a 5 kWe ORC engine for the production of thermal and electrical energies. The results of the simulations present small deviation in contrast to the real operating data of the CSP power plant coupled with the ORC engine, therefore the simulation model is considered as reliable.
Unsafe abortion and abortion-related death among 1.8 million women in India
Authors: Yokoe Ryo , Rowe Rachel , Choudhury Saswati Sanyal , Rani Anjali , Zahir Farzana , Nair Manisha 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionUnsafe abortion is a preventable cause of maternal mortality. While studies report high number of abortions in India, the population-level rates of unsafe abortion and their risk factors are not well understood. Our objective was to analyse the rates of and risk factors for unsafe abortion and abortion-related maternal death in India.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from 1 876 462 pregnant women aged 15–58 years from nine states in the Indian Annual Health Survey (2010–2013). We calculated the rate of unsafe abortion and abortion-related mortality with 95% CI. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, health seeking behaviours and family planning with unsafe abortion and abortion-related mortality.ResultsThere were 89 447 abortions among 1 876 462 pregnant women in 2007–2011 (4.8%; 95% CI 4.8 to 4.9). Of these, 58 266 were classified as unsafe (67.1%; 95% CI 66.7 to 67.5). There were 253 abortion-related maternal deaths (0.3%; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.3). Factors associated with unsafe abortion: maternal age 20–24 years (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.13; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.18), illiteracy (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.39 to 1.59), rural residence (aOR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.32), Muslim religion (aOR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.22), Schedule caste social group (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12), poorest asset quintile (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.53), antenatal care (aOR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.72), no surviving children (aOR: 1.30; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.46), all surviving children being female (aOR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.17), use of family planning methods (aOR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.71). Factors associated with abortion-related deaths: maternal age 15–19 (aOR: 7.79; 95% CI 2.73 to 22.23), rural residence (aOR: 3.28; 95% CI 1.76 to 6.11), Schedule tribe social group (aOR: 4.06; 95% CI 1.39 to 11.87).ConclusionDespite abortion being legal, the high estimated prevalence of unsafe abortion demonstrates a major public health problem in India. Socioeconomic vulnerability and inadequate access to healthcare services combine to leave large numbers of women at risk of unsafe abortion and abortion-related death.
Optimising IBD patient selection for de-escalation of anti-TNF therapy to immunomodulator maintenance
Authors: Swann Rachael , Boal Alan , Squires Seth Ian , Lamb Carly , Clark Laura Louise , Lamont Selina , Naismith Graham 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly managed with the use of biologic therapies. National guidelines (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)) suggest considering cessation after 1 year of therapy but lack detailed criteria for this. We aimed to describe clinical outcomes from the introduction of a biologic review panel (BRP) to implement modified criteria for cessation of antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy and step down to single-agent immunomodulator.DesignRetrospective review of patient outcomes following BRP implementation.PatientsAll patients on biologic therapy discussed in the BRP within a 5-year period.SettingSingle IBD network covering three hospital sites.InterventionsModified criteria for biologic cessation were based on published evidence; they excluded individuals with no suitable maintenance immunomodulator, previous surgery or evidence of active disease, additional indications for anti-TNF therapy and previous relapse on biologic cessation. All patients with IBD on a biologic were discussed at the BRP.Main outcome measuresRelapse following IBD cessation and relative cost of BRP.Results136 patients with IBD were reviewed, with 45 patients meeting the NICE guideline criteria for cessation. The BRP and modified criteria affected decision to withdraw therapy in 38% of these. Therapy was withdrawn in 27 patients, with a 20% 24-month relapse rate. Younger age at cessation was significantly associated with relapse (p=0.01).ConclusionThe BRP approach has proved a safe and effective means of decision making in stopping biologic therapy. Future work to inform exclusion criteria is required.
Characterization of the superconducting phase in tellurium hydride at high pressure
Authors: Zemła Tomasz P. , Szczȩśniak Klaudia M. , Kaczmarek Adam Z. , Turchuk Svitlana V. 
Published: May 2019

At present, hydrogen-based compounds constitute one of the most promising classes of materials for applications as phonon-mediated high-temperature superconductors. Herein, the behavior of the superconducting phase in tellurium hydride (HTe) at high pressure (p = 300 GPa) is analyzed in detail, by using the isotropic Migdal–Eliashberg equations. The chosen pressure conditions are considered here as a case study which corresponds to the highest critical temperature value [Formula: see text] in the analyzed material, as determined within recent density functional theory simulations. It is found that the Migdal–Eliashberg formalism, which constitutes a strong-coupling generalization of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory, predicts that the critical temperature value ([Formula: see text] K) is higher than previous estimates of the McMillan formula. Further investigations show that the characteristic dimensionless ratios for the thermodynamic critical field, the specific heat for the superconducting state, and the superconducting band gap exceed the limits of the BCS theory. In this context, also the effective electron mass is not equal to the bare electron mass as provided by the BCS theory. On the basis of these findings it is predicted that the strong-coupling and retardation effects play pivotal role in the superconducting phase of HTe at 300 GPa, in agreement with similar theoretical estimates for the sibling hydrogen and hydrogen-based compounds. Hence, it is suggested that the superconducting state in HTe cannot be properly described within the mean-field picture of the BCS theory.