bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling, optimal sizing, and allocation of DSTATCOM in unbalanced radial distribution systems using differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Samal Padarbinda , Mohanty Sanjeeb , Ganguly Sanjib 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a planning strategy of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) in unbalanced radial distribution systems for optimal DSTATCOM placement and rating. A popular metaheuristic algorithm called differential evolution is used to minimize various objective functions such as total system power loss, total zero sequence voltage unbalance, and total negative‐sequence voltage unbalance factor. Further, a modified 3‐phase unbalanced DSTATCOM model has been developed and incorporated in an unbalanced load flow algorithm for the computation of these objectives. The proposed approach using differential evolution provides better solutions as compared to an existing approach. A 25‐bus system and a 19‐bus unbalanced radial distribution system are considered as the test systems.
The Laacher See Tephra discovered in southernmost Sweden
Authors: Larsson Simon A. , Wastegård Stefan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTWe present the first geochemically confirmed finding of the Laacher See Tephra (LST) on the Swedish mainland, now the northernmost extension of the LST. Sediments were sampled at the Körslättamossen fen, southernmost Sweden, and a high‐concentration cryptotephra occurrence (>65 000 shards cm−3) of the LST was found in a sequence of calcareous gyttja. Tephra identification was confirmed by geochemical analysis using field‐emission electron probe microanalysis and through comparison of the results with published LST data from proximal sites and distal sites north‐east of Laacher See. The LST has previously been divided into eruption phases suggested to have spread in several dispersal fans, but it was not possible to confidently determine the phase of the tephra here closer than to the MLST or ULST. The finding of the LST presented here further strengthens the potential of tephrochronological studies in the south Scandinavian region.
Influence of high‐pressure processing on the generation of γ‐aminobutyric acid and microbiological safety in coffee beans
Authors: Chen Bang‐Yuan , Huang Hsiao‐Wen , Cheng Ming‐Ching , Wang Chung‐Yi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high‐pressure processing (HPP) on γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, glutamic acid (Glu) content, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity, growth of Aspergillus fresenii, and accumulated ochratoxin A (OTA) content in coffee beans.RESULTSThe results indicated that coffee beans subjected to HPP at pressures ≥50 MPa for 5 min increased GAD activity and promoted the conversion of Glu to GABA, and showed a significantly doubling of GABA content compared with unprocessed coffee beans. Additionally, investigation of the influence of HPP on A. fresenii growth on coffee beans showed that application ≥400 MPa reduced A. fresenii concentrations to <1 log. Furthermore, during a 50‐day storage period, we observed that a processing pressure of 600 MPa completely inhibited A. fresenii growth, and on day 50 the OTA content of coffee beans subjected to processing pressures of 600 MPa was 0.0066 μg g−1, which was significantly lower than the OTA content of 0.1143 μg g−1 in the control group.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that HPP treatment can simultaneously increase GABA content and inhibit the growth of A. fresenii, thereby effectively reducing the production and accumulation of OTA and maintaining the microbiological safety of coffee beans. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutrient dynamics and stream order influence microbial community patterns along a 2914 kilometer transect of the Mississippi River
Authors: Henson Michael W. , Hanssen Jordan , Spooner Greg , Fleming Patrick , Pukonen Markus , Stahr Frederick , Thrash J. Cameron 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDraining 31 states and roughly 3 million km2, the Mississippi River (MSR) and its tributaries constitute an essential resource to millions of people for clean drinking water, transportation, agriculture, and industry. Since the turn of the 20th century, MSR water quality has continually rated poorly due to human activity. Acting as first responders, microorganisms can mitigate, exacerbate, and/or serve as predictors for water quality, yet we know little about their community structure or ecology at the whole river scale for large rivers. We collected both biological (16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicons) and physicochemical data from 38 MSR sites over nearly 3000 km from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. Our results revealed a microbial community composed of similar taxa to other rivers but with unique trends in the relative abundance patterns among phyla, operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the core microbiome. Furthermore, we observed a separation in microbial communities that mirrored the transition from an 8th to 10th Strahler order river at the Missouri River confluence, marking a different start to the lower MSR than the historical distinction at the Ohio River confluence in Cairo, IL. Within MSR microbial assemblages, we identified subgroups of OTUs from the phyla Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Oomycetes, and Heterokonts that were associated with, and predictive of, the important eutrophication nutrients nitrate and phosphate. This study offers the most comprehensive view of MSR microbiota to date, provides important groundwork for higher resolution microbial studies of river perturbation, and identifies potential microbial indicators of river health related to eutrophication.
Hidden in plain sight: The importance of cryptic interactions in marine plankton
Authors: Millette Nicole C. , Grosse Julia , Johnson Winifred M. , Jungbluth Michelle J. , Suter Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHere, we present a range of interactions, which we term “cryptic interactions.” These are interactions that occur throughout the marine planktonic foodweb but are currently largely overlooked by established methods, which mean large‐scale data collection for these interactions is limited. Despite this, current evidence suggests some of these interactions may have perceptible impacts on foodweb dynamics and model results. Incorporation of cryptic interactions into models is especially important for those interactions involving the transport of nutrients or energy. Our aim is to highlight a range of cryptic interactions across the plankton foodweb, where they exist, and models that have taken steps to incorporate these interactions. Additionally, it is discussed where additional research and effort is required to continue advancing our understanding of these cryptic interactions. We call for more collaboration between ecologists and modelers in order to incorporate cryptic interactions into biogeochemical and foodweb models.
A fast and sensitive method for the continuous in situ determination of dissolved methane and its δ13C‐isotope ratio in surface waters
Authors: Hartmann Jan F. , Gentz Torben , Schiller Amanda , Greule Markus , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Ionescu Danny , Keppler Frank , Martinez‐Cruz Karla , Sepulveda‐Jauregui Armando , Isenbeck‐Schröter Margot 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA fast and sensitive method for the continuous determination of methane (CH4) and its stable carbon isotopic values (δ13C‐CH4) in surface waters was developed by applying a vacuum to a gas/liquid exchange membrane and measuring the extracted gases by a portable cavity ring‐down spectroscopy analyser (M‐CRDS). The M‐CRDS was calibrated and characterized for CH4 concentration and δ13C‐CH4 with synthetic water standards. The detection limit of the M‐CRDS for the simultaneous determination of CH4 and δ13C‐CH4 is 3.6 nmol L−1 CH4. A measurement precision of CH4 concentrations and δ13C‐CH4 in the range of 1.1%, respectively, 1.7‰ (1σ) and accuracy (1.3%, respectively, 0.8‰ [1σ]) was achieved for single measurements and averaging times of 10 min. The response time τ of 57 ± 5 s allow determination of δ13C‐CH4 values more than twice as fast than other methods. The demonstrated M‐CRDS method was applied and tested for Lake Stechlin (Germany) and compared with the headspace‐gas chromatography and fast membrane CH4 concentration methods. Maximum CH4 concentrations (577 nmol L−1) and lightest δ13C‐CH4 (−35.2‰) were found around the thermocline in depth profile measurements. The M‐CRDS‐method was in good agreement with other methods. Temporal variations in CH4 concentration and δ13C‐CH4 obtained in 24 h measurements indicate either local methane production/oxidation or physical variations in the thermocline. Therefore, these results illustrate the need of fast and sensitive analyses to achieve a better understanding of different mechanisms and pathways of CH4 formation in aquatic environments.
Enhanced Ionic and Electronic Conductivity of Polyacetylene with Dendritic 1,2,3‐Triazolium‐Oligo(ethylene glycol) Pendants
Authors: Wang Cuifang , Li Hongfei , Zhang Hengchen , Sun Ruyi , Song Wei , Xie Meiran 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ionic polyacetylenes (iPAs) with dendritic 1,2,3‐triazolium‐containing oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) pendants are prepared by metathesis cyclopolymerization. The dendritic triazolium and flexible OEG pendants endow the iPAs with low glass transition temperature of −29.0 °C and enhanced intrinsic ionic conductivity (σi) of 5.0 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 30 °C under anhydrous conditions. After solution doping with bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI), the σi of iPAs reaches up to 5.2 × 10−4 S cm−1. When doped with iodine (I2), the iPAs exhibit high electronic conductivity (σe) of 1.3 × 10−5 S cm−1. If doped with both LiTFSI and I2, the iPAs demonstrate the best dual σi and σe of 8.3 × 10−4 and 1.2 × 10−5 S cm−1, respectively. Therefore, the dendritic triazolium‐OEG pendants‐functionalized iPAs display an improved conductive performance compared with the corresponding iPAs bearing dendritic triazolium‐alkyl pendants, or branched triazolium‐OEG pendants, before and after doping with different dopants, and will have the potential applications in electronics as the dual conductive materials.
A comparison between temperature dependent and constant Young's modulus values in investigating the effect of the process parameters on thermal behaviour during friction stir welding
Authors: Meyghani B. , Awang M.B. , Emamian S. , Akinlabi E.T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOne of the most intriguing joining techniques in aerospace and automotive industries is friction stir welding. In this welding, temperature has an important effect on the quality and the integrity of the weld. Welding parameters, on the other hand, highly affect the temperature. Many authors used finite element methods to study the effect of the process parameters on thermal behavior by using constant Young's modulus, while, it should decrease as the temperature increases. Therefore, the proper definition of the Young's modulus during the study of the effect of the process parameters on thermal behavior, will increase the accuracy of the model. In this paper, to properly investigate thermal behavior, temperature dependent and constant Young's modulus values are applied in different models to examine the accuracy of those models. In addition, the influence of the process parameters on thermal behavior is studied. More accurate results are obtained from the model in which temperature dependent values of the Young's modulus is used. The effect of the welding parameters and different Young's modulus values on the size, shape and temperature of the welding string zone is studied and reported in detail.
The effect of protein concentration on corrosion of nitinol alloy
Authors: Rozali A.A. , Masdek N.R. Nik , Murad M. Che , Salleh Z. , Koay M.H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe corrosion behaviour for nitinol alloy under simulated biological conditions with the presence of proteins was investigated using electrochemical methods. The electrochemical tests were performed with the addition of bovine serum albumin with concentrations of 0 %, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % and 10 % at 37 °C. The electrochemical method used in this study was potentiodynamics polarization to obtain the corrosion rate of the samples. The composition of the bio‐implant materials was studied using X‐ray diffraction. The samples showed that they did not undergo any significant change in term of composition. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that nitinol alloys have a good corrosion resistant towards all concentrations. Thus, nitinol alloys can perform well with or without the presence of protein‐containing solutions thus they are compatible to use as implant materials in human body environment.
Influence of deposition temperature on the corrosion resistance of electrodeposited zinc‐nickel alloy coatings
Authors: Beheshti M. , Ismail M.C. , Kakooei S. , Shahrestani S. , Mohan G. , Zabihiazadboni M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractZinc‐nickel alloy coatings are electrodeposited on carbon steel from chloride bath using a technique of chronopotentiometry at different temperatures. The elemental composition and surface morphology analysis of zinc‐nickel coated samples are done using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The coated samples are immersed in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution and measurements of corrosion rate are done using linear polarization resistance. Scanning electron microscopy results show that deposition temperature variation has a strong effect which changes the surface morphology and elemental composition of zinc‐nickel alloy coatings. The nickel content in the electrodeposited zinc‐nickel alloy coatings increases with increasing deposition temperature. Uniformity and compactness of the coatings decrease with an increasing temperature. Cracks intensity increases with increasing deposition temperature which is attributed to internal stress due to factors that might be related to hydrogen evolution reaction. The linear polarization resistance results correlated with the morphology and compositional properties of zinc‐nickel alloy coatings deposited at different temperatures, that with an increase deposition temperature, corrosion resistance decreases. Zinc‐nickel alloy coatings with high corrosion resistance, compact and uniform morphology with less crack, and nickel content within the range of 12 wt.% to 15 wt.% are achieved with deposited coating at 25 °C.
Topology‐based distributed optimization for multi‐UAV cooperative wildfire monitoring
Authors: Lin Zhongjie , Liu Hugh H.T. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryCooperative small‐sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can contribute to wildfire monitoring missions. By distributing UAVs into groups to cover different segments of the fire‐front contour, the mission efficiency can be improved. In this paper, according to the requirements of a wildfire mission, we formulate the multi‐UAV cooperation problem in a distributed network. A consensus‐based method is proposed to allow the group‐level cooperation among UAVs. The optimal UAV cooperation strategy is obtained through mathematical analysis. The effectiveness of the methodology is verified in an independent fire simulation environment.
Multiobjective fault‐tolerant fixed‐order/PID control of multivariable discrete‐time linear systems with unmeasured disturbances
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Batmani Yazdan , Khosrowjerdi Mohammad Javad 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a multiobjective fault‐tolerant fixed‐order output feedback controller design technique is proposed for multivariable discrete‐time linear systems with unmeasured disturbances. Initially, a multiobjective fixed‐order controller is designed for the system by transforming the problem of tuning the parameters of the controller into a static output feedback problem and solving a mixed H2/H∞ optimization problem with bilinear matrix inequalities. Subsequently, the fixed‐order controller is used to construct the closed‐loop system and an active fault‐tolerant control scheme is applied using the input/output data collected from the controlled system. Motivated by its popularity in industry, the proposed method is also used to tune the parameters of proportional‐integral‐derivative controllers as a special case of structured controllers with the fixed order. Two numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the design procedure and the flexibility of the proposed technique.
Alterations in the 5′ untranslated region of the 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene influence EPSPS overexpression in glyphosate‐resistant Eleusine indica
Authors: Zhang Chun , Feng Li , Tian Xing‐shan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe herbicide glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Overexpression of the EPSPS gene is one of the molecular mechanisms conferring glyphosate resistance in weeds, but the transcriptional regulation of this gene is poorly understood. The EPSPS gene was found to be significantly up‐regulated following glyphosate treatment in a glyphosate‐resistant Eleusine indica population from southern China. To further investigate the regulation of EPSPS overexpression, the promoter of the EPSPS gene from this E. indica population was cloned and analyzed.RESULTSTwo upstream regulatory sequences, Epro‐S (862 bp) and Epro‐R (877 bp), of EPSPS were obtained from glyphosate‐susceptible (S) and ‐resistant (R) E. indica plants, respectively, by high‐efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (HiTAIL‐PCR). The Epro‐S and Epro‐R sequences were 99% homologous, except for two insertions (3 and12 bp) in the R sequence. The 12‐base insertion in the Epro‐R sequence was located in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) pyrimidine nucleotide‐rich (Py‐rich) stretch element. Promoter activity tests showed that the 12‐base insertion resulted in significant enhancement of Epro‐R promoter activity, whereas the 3‐base insertion had little effect on Epro‐R promoter activity.CONCLUSIONAlterations in the 5′ UTR Py‐rich stretch element of EPSPS are responsible for glyphosate‐induced EPSPS overexpression. Thus, EPSPS transcriptional regulation confers glyphosate resistance in this E. indica population. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional Integrity and Gene Expression Profiles of Human Cord Blood-Derived Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Generated In Vitro
Authors: Dircio-Maldonado Roberto , Flores-Guzman Patricia , Corral-Navarro Julieta , Mondragón-García Ileana , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo , Beltran-Anaya Fredy Omar , Cedro-Tanda Alberto , Arriaga-Pizano Lourdes , Balvanera-Ortiz Odette , Mayani Hector 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
To date, different experimental strategies have been developed for the ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor (HPCs) cells. This has resulted in significant advances on the use of such expanded cells in transplantation settings. To this day, however, it is still unclear to what extent those stem and progenitor cells generated in vitro retain the functional and genomic integrity of their freshly isolated counterparts. In trying to contribute to the solving of this issue, in the present study we have selected and purified three different hematopoietic cell populations: HSCs (CD34+ CD38− CD45RA− CD71− Lin− cells), myeloid progenitor cells (CD34+ CD38+ CD45RA+ CD71− Lin− cells), and erythroid progenitor cells (CD34+ CD38+ CD45RA− CD71+ Lin− cells), obtained directly from fresh human umbilical cord blood (UCB) units or generated in vitro under particular culture conditions. We, then, compared their functional integrity in vitro and their gene expression profiles. Our results indicate that in spite of being immunophenotipically similar, fresh and in vitro generated cells showed significant differences, both in functional and genetic terms. As compared to their fresh counterparts, those HSCs generated in our culture system showed a deficient content of long-term culture-initiating cells, and a marked differentiation bias toward the myeloid lineage. In addition, in vitro generated HSCs and HPCs showed a limited expansion potential. Such functional alterations correlated with differences in their gene expression profiles. These observations are relevant in terms of HSC biology and may have implications in UCB expansion and transplantation.
Awareness, perceptions and determinants of urban sustainable development concerns – Evidence from a central province in China
Authors: Guo Dong , Cao Zi , DeFrancia Kelsie , Yeo Jiat Waye Genevie , Hardadi Gilang , Chai Sen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRapid economic growth and urbanization have contributed to increasing concerns around sustainable development in China. Although urban sustainable development is often comprised of environmental, economic, social and governance aspects, most empirical studies on the public perception of sustainability have exclusively focused on the environmental aspect. Using extensive survey data from three representative cities in Henan Province, China, this study is a first endeavor to examine how perceptions of urban sustainability performance and concerns vary by demographic and socio‐economic status of local residents. This study documents that familiarity with sustainable development concepts is positively associated with education, income, party affiliation and personal health of individuals, while negatively correlated with age. In addition, this study has shown that the most severe threats to sustainability as perceived by citizens are air pollution, corruption, income and education inequality, and excessive industrial production. At the same time, economic indicators such as unemployment, poverty and consumerism are considered lesser threats than social inequality or environmental pollution. Furthermore, residents generally view the sustainable development performance of their cities as mediocre. While generally younger residents and residents with higher levels of education tend to be more critical and long‐term residents tend to be more forgiving, results frequently show that concerns and attitudes towards sustainable development by various socio‐demographic groups differ from city to city. This is strong evidence to support independent local policies tailored to the socio‐demographics of each individual city.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes with Wrinkled Surface for Nonvolatile Polymer Memory Device Compatibility
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Xiangjing , Lu Hang , Liu Zhengdong , Xiu Fei , Ban Chaoyi , Zhou Zhe , Song Mengya , Ju Shang , Chang Qing , Liu Juqing , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA general strategy for high performance nonvolatile polymer memory devices, with wrinkled reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films as electrodes and common insulating polymers as active layers, is proposed. The fabricated device exhibits electrical bistability and nonvolatile write‐once‐read‐many times‐type memory, with a low switching voltage of 2.7 V, high ON/OFF ratio of 104 and desirable long retention time over 104 s. The resistive switching of the device might be attributed to carbon‐rich filaments induced by the wrinkled rGO surface. Moreover, this polymer memory device based on a wrinkled rGO electrode can be further applied to flexible data storage systems. The strategy combining such advances in polymer memory devices with simple structure, common materials, excellent reproducibility, and high performance will demonstrate great potential in permanent archival storage applications.