bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel fault diagnosis technique based on model and computational intelligence applied to vehicle active suspension systems
Authors: Shahab Mahdi , Moavenian Majid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel approach to design fault detection and diagnosis systems by using computational intelligence techniques for industrial plants and processes. According to the increasing development of machine learning algorithms, selecting an appropriate algorithm for identifying and estimating the size of faults in dynamic systems can turn in to a challenge. A notable point in this regard is that although the available intelligent algorithms have considerable advantages and strengths, they are also vitiated by some weaknesses too. Therefore, using a proper and intelligent structure through combining common algorithms can be considered as a new and appropriate strategy to increase the efficiency and accuracy of fault detection and diagnosis systems. Given the importance of improving safety and reliability in vehicles, the proposed approach based on dynamic behavior is implemented on a simulated nonlinear active suspension system model. The results obtained from multiple tests indicate that the proposed method with a novel architecture has managed to increase the accuracy and reduce the announcement of false alarm and computational load, compared with other conventional methods. This achievement leads to improvement of diagnostic systems' performance.
Breast conserving surgery with targeted intraoperative radiotherapy for the management of ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Banks Alexandra , Coronado Gerald , Zimmerman Robert , Iyengar Geeta , Holmes Dennis R. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundA prospective randomized controlled trial has established the efficacy of targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) in the management of invasive breast cancer treated with breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of TARGIT in the management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).MethodsA prospective nonrandomized trial was designed to evaluate the success of TARGIT in the management of DCIS, as measured by a low risk of requiring additional surgery or radiotherapy and an acceptable local recurrence rate (LRR).ResultsFifty‐five patients with DCIS received BCS and TARGIT from November 2007 to March 2017. Median patient age was 57 years (range, 42‐83 years) and median histological lesion size was 14.4 mm (range, 2‐51 mm). Four patients required either re‐excision and/or whole breast irradiation, yielding a rate of additional therapy of 7.3% (4 of 55). Among 46 women administered TARGIT at the time of initial BCS, two local recurrences were observed yielding a 4.3% (2 of 46) LRR at 46 months median follow‐up (range, 4‐116 months). There were no clinically significant adverse events.ConclusionsPreliminary evidence indicates TARGIT can be performed with a low risk of requiring additional therapy (7.3%) and an acceptable LRR (4.3%) when administered at the time of BCS.
Performance of Molecular Lymphosonography for Detection and Quantification of Metastatic Involvement in Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Authors: Nam Kibo , Stapp Robert , Liu Ji‐Bin , Stanczak Maria , Forsberg Flemming , O'Kane Patrick L. , Lin Zhou , Zhu Ziyin , Li Jingzhi , Solomides Charalambos C. , Eisenbrey John R. , Lyshchik Andrej 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the performance of molecular lymphosonography with dual‐targeted microbubbles in detecting and quantifying the metastatic involvement in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) using a swine melanoma model.MethodsTargeted microbubbles were labeled with P‐selectin and αVβ3‐integrin antibodies. Control microbubbles were labeled with immunoglobulin G antibodies. First lymphosonography with Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) was used to identify SLNs. Then dual‐targeted and control microbubbles were injected intravenously to detect and quantify metastatic disease in the SLNs. Distant non‐SLNs were imaged as benign controls. All evaluated lymph nodes (LNs) were surgically removed, and metastatic involvement was characterized by a histopathologic analysis. Two radiologists blinded to histopathologic results assessed the baseline B‐mode images of LNs, and the results were compared to the histologic reference standard. The mean intensities of targeted and control microbubbles within the examined LNs were measured and compared to the LN histologic results.ResultsThirty‐five SLNs and 34 non‐SLNs from 13 Sinclair swine were included in this study. Twenty‐one SLNs (62%) were malignant, whereas 100% of non‐SLNs were benign. The sensitivity of B‐mode imaging for metastatic LN diagnosis for both readers was relatively high (90% and 71%), but the specificity was very poor (50% and 58%). The sensitivity and specificity of molecular lymphosonography for metastatic LN detection were 91% and 67%, respectively. The mean intensities from dual‐targeted microbubbles correlated well with the degree of metastatic LN involvement (r = 0.6; P < 0.001).ConclusionsMolecular lymphosonography can increase the specificity of metastatic LN detection and provide a measure to quantify the degree of metastatic involvement.
Stable pack abundance and distribution in a harvested wolf population
Authors: Bassing Sarah B. , Ausband David E. , Mitchell Michael S. , Lukacs Paul , Keever Allison , Hale Greg , Waits Lisette 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTHarvesting gray wolves (Canis lupus) could affect the abundance and distribution of packs, but the frequency of change in pack occurrence (i.e., turnover) and relative effects of harvest compared to environmental factors is unclear. We used noninvasive genetic sampling, hunter surveys, and occupancy models to evaluate the effect of harvest on occurrence and turnover of packs in a population of wolves managed with intensive harvest in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, 2012–2014. We tested 2 alternative hypotheses: the abundance and distribution of wolf packs were dynamic because of harvest or the abundance and distribution of wolf packs were generally stable regardless of harvest. We found the mean annual probability for wolf pack occupancy ranged 0.72–0.74 and the estimated distribution of wolf packs was consistent over time, 2012–2014. Our top model indicated wolf pack occupancy was positively associated with forest cover and the probability of detecting a wolf pack was positively associated with the intensity of harvest for wolves in that area. We observed frequent turnover of individuals within packs that were genetically sampled consecutive years but not of entire packs. Because turnover of packs occurred infrequently during our study, we could not reject our hypothesis that occurrence of packs was generally stable in a harvested population of wolves. Our results suggest environmental factors have a stronger effect than harvest on the abundance and distribution of wolf packs in southwestern Alberta, but harvest appears to strongly influence turnover of individuals within packs. We hypothesize local dispersal from within the study area and neighboring packs on the periphery of the study area helped promote pack stability. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy and Surgical Outcomes: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Green Katherine K. , Kent David T. , D'Agostino Mark A. , Hoff Paul T. , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Soose Ryan J. , Boyd Gillespie M. , Yaremchuk Kathleen L. , Carrasco‐Llatas Marina , Tucker Woodson B. , Jacobowitz Ofer , Thaler Erica R. , Barrera José E. , Capasso Robson , Liu Stanley Yung , Hsia Jennifer , Mann Daljit , Meraj Taha S. , Waxman Jonathan A. , Kezirian Eric J. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between findings of blinded reviews of preoperative drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) examinations using the VOTE Classification and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgical outcomes in a large multicenter, international cohort.MethodsRetrospective, multi‐center cohort study of adults without tonsillar hypertrophy who underwent pharyngeal surgery for OSA. The study included only participants without enlarged tonsils. Four independent reviewers performed blinded review of preoperative DISE videos using the VOTE Classification system and scoring of a primary structure contributing to airway obstruction. DISE findings were examined for an association with surgical outcomes with univariate analyses and multiple regression.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐five study participants were included from 14 centers. Mean age was 51.4 ± 11.8 years, and body mass index was 30.1 ± 5.2 kg/m2. There was moderate interrater reliability (kappa = 0.40–0.60) for DISE findings. Oropharyngeal lateral wall‐related obstruction was associated with poorer surgical outcomes (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.51; 95% CI 0.27, 0.93). Complete tongue‐related obstruction was associated with a lower odds of surgical response in moderate to severe OSA (AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.28, 0.98), with findings that were similar but not statistically significant in other analyses. Surgical outcomes were not clearly associated with the degree and configuration of velum‐related obstruction or the degree of epiglottis‐related obstruction. Surgical response was associated with tonsil size and body mass index (inversely).ConclusionDISE findings concerning the oropharyngeal lateral walls and tongue may be the most important findings of this evaluation technique.Level of Evidence2B Laryngoscope, 129:761–770, 2019
Prolonged antibiotic administration for surgical site infection in pediatric laryngotracheal surgery
Authors: Torre Michele , Paraboschi Irene , Loy Anna , Mesini Alessio , Pistorio Angela , Simonini Alessandro , Mattioli Girolamo , Mazzei Oscar , Piro Liliana , Bandettini Roberto , Castagnola Elio 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisIncidence of surgical site infection (SSI) after laryngotracheal (LT) surgery is relatively high, especially in children.Study DesignRetrospective and prospective cohort study.MethodsClinical records of children who underwent open LT surgery at the Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital from January 2008 to August 2017 were reviewed for development of SSI. Standard antibiotic prophylaxis was administered until February 2015. In March 2015, an antibiotic treatment tailored on pathogens isolated from surveillance cultures and prolonged until extubation was introduced. Incidence and risk factors for SSI before and after the new protocol implementation were analyzed by means of univariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsA total of 57 procedures were analyzed. SSI incidence was 36% in patients receiving standard prophylaxis and 4% in those treated with the new strategy (P = .004), with an absolute benefit increase of 32% (95% confidence interval: 11%–52%), in absence of any difference in clinical conditions between the two groups.ConclusionsThe new management protocol had a highly favorable impact on the development of an SSI.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 129:2634–2639, 2019
The synergistic effects of afforestation and the construction of check‐dams on sediment trapping: Four decades of evolution on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Li Jiaxing , Liu Qinglong , Feng Xiaoming , Shi Weiyue , Fu Bojie , Lü Yihe , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSoil erosion represents a major environmental threat to ecosystems. Effective sediment trapping relies on the cooperation of multiple soil erosion control measures. However, findings on the synergistic effects of multiple soil erosion control measures are still lacking, in particular on a large spatial scale. This study provides a first attempt to analyze four decades of data from the 1980s to the 2010s on the Loess Plateau. The analysis combines the spatial investigation of check‐dam construction in gullies, afforestation on hillslopes, and station‐observed sediment yield within the evaluation framework of the Water and Tillage Erosion Model/Sediment Delivery Model. The results indicate two periods of effective sediment trapping on the Loess Plateau in the last four decades: 1980s–1990s and 2000s–2010s. Check‐dam construction was the main driver of reduced sediment yields before the 1990s. Massive afforestation played an increasingly important role beginning in 1999. The synergistic effects of afforestation and the construction of check‐dams in the period from the 2000s to the 2015 include not only the effective trapping of sediment but also the improvements in the resistance of ecosystems to climate change. These results improve our understanding of the synergistic effects of multiple soil erosion control measures on sediment trapping. The findings support a rational collocation of different soil erosion control measures to support comprehensive management in erosion‐prone regions.
Cross‐Platform Comparison of Therapeutic Delivery from Multilamellar Lipid‐Coated Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Golan‐Paz Sharon , Frizzell Hannah , Woodrow Kim A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSignificant efforts have been invested in finding a delivery system that can encapsulate and deliver therapeutics. Core–shell polymer‐lipid hybrid nanoparticles have been studied as a promising platform because of their mechanical stability, narrow size distribution, biocompatibility, and ability to co‐deliver diverse drugs. Here, novel core–shell nanoparticles based on a poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and multilamellar lipid shell are designed, where the lipid bilayers are crosslinked between the two adjacent bilayers (PLGA‐ICMVs). The cross‐platform performance of the nanoparticles to other polymer‐lipid hybrid platforms is examined, including physicochemical characteristics, ability to encapsulate a variety of therapeutics, biocompatibility, and functionality as a vaccine delivery platform. Differential abilities of nanoparticle systems to encapsulate distinct pharmaceutics are observed, which suggest careful consideration of the platform chosen depending on the therapeutic agent and desired function. The novel PLGA‐ICMV platform herein demonstrates great potential in stably encapsulating water‐soluble agents and therefore is an attractive platform for therapeutic delivery.
Effect of Using Biodegradable Gill Nets on the Catch Efficiency of Greenland Halibut
Authors: Grimaldo Eduardo , Herrmann Bent , Tveit Guro Møen , Vollstad Jørgen , Schei Marte 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The effect of using biodegradable polybutylene succinate co-adipate-co-terephthalate (PBSAT) gill nets on the relative catch efficiency was assessed in a commercial gill-net fishery targeting Greenland Halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides in northern Norway. Compared with conventional polyamide gill nets, the PBSAT gill nets caught fewer fish, and the relative catch efficiency decreased with increasing fish size. For fish larger than 65 cm, the reduction in catch efficiency was significant, as the PBSAT gill nets caught 30% fewer Greenland Halibut in this size range than the conventional polyamide gill nets. Differences in mesh size, breaking strength, and elasticity could contribute to the difference in size-dependent catch efficiency between the two types of gill nets.
The long‐term direct and indirect economic burden among Parkinson's disease caregivers in the United States
Authors: Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Macaulay Dendy , Jalundhwala Yash J. , Mu Fan , Ohashi Erika , Marshall Thomas , Sail Kavita 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease is a progressive, disabling neurodegenerative disorder associated with significant economic burden for patients and caregivers. The objective of this study was to compare the direct and indirect economic burden of Parkinson's patients’ caregivers with demographically matched controls in the United States, in the 5 years after first diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.MethodsPolicyholders (18‐64 years old) linked to a Parkinson's disease patient (≥2 diagnoses of Parkinson's disease; first diagnosis is the index date) from January 1, 1998 to March 31, 2014, were selected from a private‐insurer claims database and categorized as Parkinson's caregivers. Eligible Parkinson's caregivers were matched 1:5 to policyholders with a non‐Parkinson's dependent (controls). Multivariable regression adjusted for baseline characteristics estimated direct costs (all‐cause insurer cost [medical and prescription] and comorbidity‐related medical costs; patient out‐of‐pocket costs) and indirect costs (disability and medically related absenteeism costs). Income progression was also compared between cohorts.ResultsA total of 1211 eligible Parkinson's caregivers (mean age, 56 years; 54% female) were matched to 6055 controls. In adjusted analyses, Parkinson's caregivers incurred significantly higher year 1 total all‐cause insurer costs ($8999 vs $7117) and medical costs ($7081 vs $5568) (both P < 0.01) and higher prescription costs (range for years 1‐5, $2506‐2573 vs $1405‐$1687) and total out‐of‐pocket costs ($1259‐1585 vs $902‐$1192) in years 1‐5 (all P < 0.01). Parkinson's caregivers had significantly higher adjusted indirect costs in years 1‐3 (range for years 1‐3, $2054‐$2464 vs $1681‐$1857; all P < 0.05) and higher cumulative income loss over 5 years ($5967 vs $2634 by year 5; P for interaction = 0.03).ConclusionsParkinson's caregivers exhibited higher direct and indirect costs and greater income loss compared with matched controls. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Technical Note: Reconstruction of physical and biological dose distributions of carbon‐ion beam through deconvolution of longitudinal dosimeter responses
Authors: Kanematsu Nobuyuki , Inaniwa Taku , Yonai Shunsuke , Mizuno Hideyuki 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThis is a theoretical simulation study for proof of concept of radiochromic film dosimetry to measure physical and biological doses without plan‐based quenching correction for patient‐specific quality assurance of carbon‐ion radiotherapy.MethodsWe took a layer‐stacking carbon‐ion beam comprised of range‐shifted beamlets. The dosimeter response was simulated according to an experimental quenching model. The beam model followed a treatment planning system. The beam was decomposed into finely arranged beamlets with weights estimated by deconvolution of longitudinal dosimeter responses. The distributions of physical and biological doses were reconstructed from the estimated weights and were compared with the plan. We also evaluated the sensitivity to measurement errors and to erratic delivery with an undelivered beamlet.ResultsThe reconstructed physical and biological doses accurately reproduced the simulated delivery with errors approximately corresponding to the measurement errors. The erratic beam delivery was easily detectable by comparison of biological dose distribution to the plan.ConclusionsWe have developed a method to measure physical and biological doses by longitudinal dosimetry of quenched response without using plan data. The method only involves a general optimization algorithm, a radiobiology model, and experimental beamlet data, and requires no extra corrections. Theoretically, this approach is applicable to various dosimeters and to proton and ion beams of any delivery method, regardless of quenching or biological effectiveness.
Part I: Out‐of‐field dose mapping for 6X and 6X‐flattening‐filter‐free beams on the TrueBeam for extended distances
Authors: Wijesooriya Krishni 
Published: December 2018

PurposeWith increasing cancer treatment success rates, many patients go on to live long, productive lives following recovery. Therefore, minimizing potential side effects due to dose outside the treated field is becoming a significant consideration in radiation therapy. With many potential treatment configurations available, it is important to quantify how out‐of‐field dose varies with common variables such as distance from isocenter, couch angle, jaw size, and flattening‐filter setting. The accurate quantification of out‐of‐field dose at extended distances could also benefit researchers and detector developers. While data exist for out‐of‐field dose from older linear accelerator (Linac) models, the phenomenon has not been described for the latest generation of machines, such as the Varian TrueBeam. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively quantify out‐of‐field dose for the Varian TrueBeam Linac low energy photons in a wide range of positions and treatment geometries.Method and MaterialsOut‐of‐field doses were measured using two phantom setups: (a) A large volume ion chamber with a buildup sleeve to quantify head leakage and collimator scatter background dose; and (b) A farmer ion chamber in solid water to incorporate phantom scatter in addition to collimator scatter, and head leakage background dose. In both cases, the ion chamber was positioned with its length along the slowly varying transverse direction (perpendicular to the radial from isocenter). Doses were measured for four symmetric jaw settings (2 × 2 cm2, 4 × 4 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2, and 20 × 20 cm2) for a range of distances from the isocenter (0–100 cm). The angular dependence of the out‐of‐field dose was measured using four different angles: 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° with respect to the in‐plane direction. All measurements were performed for both 6X and 6X‐flattening‐filter‐free (FFF) beams.ResultsThe lowest out‐of‐field doses were observed at 60 cm away from isocenter in both in‐plane and cross‐plane directions for fields smaller than 10 × 10 cm2. Out‐of‐field dose decreased with decreasing jaw size (a factor of 4.7 for 6X‐FFF and a factor of 3.1 for 6X going from 20 × 20 cm2 to 2 × 2 cm2 at 60 cm from isocenter in the in‐plane direction). The 6X‐FFF beam produced out‐of‐field doses as low as 64% of the 6X beam.ConclusionThis study presents a comprehensive description of 6X and 6X‐FFF out‐of‐field doses on a Varian TrueBeam Linac including measurements at a range of positions, angles, and jaw settings and with and without phantom scatter.
A general framework for optimizing arterial spin labeling MRI experiments
Authors: Woods Joseph G. , Chappell Michael A. , Okell Thomas W. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeArterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI is a non‐invasive perfusion imaging technique that is inherently SNR limited, so scan protocols ideally need to be rigorously optimized to provide the most accurate measurements. A general framework is presented for optimizing ASL experiments to achieve optimal accuracy for perfusion estimates and, if required, other hemodynamic parameters, within a fixed scan time. The effectiveness of this framework is then demonstrated by optimizing the post‐labeling delays (PLDs) of a multi‐PLD pseudo‐continuous ASL experiment and validating the improvement using simulations and in vivo data.Theory and MethodsA simple framework is proposed based on the use of the Cramér‐Rao lower bound to find the protocol design which minimizes the predicted parameter estimation errors. Protocols were optimized for cerebral blood flow (CBF) accuracy or both CBF and arterial transit time (ATT) accuracy and compared to a conventional multi‐PLD protocol, with evenly spaced PLDs, and a single‐PLD protocol, using simulations and in vivo experiments in healthy volunteers.ResultsSimulations and in vivo data agreed extremely well with the predicted performance of all protocols. For the in vivo experiments, optimizing for just CBF resulted in a 48% and 15% decrease in CBF errors, relative to the reference multi‐PLD and single‐PLD protocols, respectively. Optimizing for both CBF and ATT reduced CBF errors by 37%, without a reduction in ATT accuracy, relative to the reference multi‐PLD protocol.ConclusionThe presented framework can effectively design ASL experiments to minimize measurement errors based on the requirements of the scan.