bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic exposure perturbs the bacterial community in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Tong‐Pu , Zhou Chun‐Ying , Zhao Dian‐Shu , Zhu Yu‐Xi , Bing Xiao‐Li , Huang Hai‐Jian , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBacteria symbionts in herbivores play an important role in host biology and ecology, and are affected by environmental factors such as temperature, diet, habitat, antibiotics and so on. However, the effects of antibiotics on the microbiome of the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (SBPH) remain unclear. Here, we studied the effects of tetracycline on the diversity and composition of bacterial colonies in different tissues of SBPH using high throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons. Our results show that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria were most abundant in SBPH, and the genera Asaia and Wolbachia were most abundant in all body parts of SBPH. Antibiotic treatment had persistent effects on the composition of the SBPH microbiome. Tetracycline depleted the population of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Fusobacteria, and nearly 100% eliminated Wolbachia, Bacteroides and Abiotrophia in SBPH. Together, these results suggest that antibiotic exposure affects the bacteria symbionts of different body parts in SBPH and will facilitate future studies of the bacterial symbionts of arthropod hosts.
Every flow has its ebb: The impact of flow on work–family conflict and adjustment in global careers
Authors: Ramsey Jase R. , Lorenz Melanie P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite an increase in research in psychology on the mental state of flow, little is known within the area of organisational studies about its “dark side.” Although prior organisational studies literature suggests that flow leads to generally positive work outcomes, we use conservation of resources theory to argue that expatriates in the state of flow can accumulate resources that lead to work adjustment but at the same time may experience unintended negative work–family conflict consequences. Specifically, we argue that being in the state of flow can improve expatriates' work adjustment because they can concentrate on the task at hand in an unencumbered way. Yet the exclusive concentration on work tasks and the distortion of time while in the state of flow may reduce psychological and time resources available to the family, resulting in work–family conflict. We explore whether flow theory needs to be altered to discover potentially negative work–family conflict outcomes inherent in the complex work regimes associated with global careers. Structural equation modelling analyses based on a sample of 230 expatriates in the United States and 169 expatriates in Brazil revealed that flow increased both work–family conflict and work adjustment.
The combination of whole‐exome sequencing and clinical analysis allows better diagnosis of rare syndromic retinal dystrophies
Authors: Abu Diab Alaa , AlTalbishi Ala'a , Rosin Boris , Kanaan Moien , Kamal Lara , Swaroop Anand , Chowers Itay , Banin Eyal , Sharon Dror , Khateb Samer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo identify the accurate clinical diagnosis of rare syndromic inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) based on the combination of clinical and genetic analyses.MethodsFour unrelated families with various autosomal recessive syndromic inherited retinal diseases were genetically investigated using whole‐exome sequencing (WES).ResultsTwo affected subjects in family MOL0760 presented with a distinctive combination of short stature, developmental delay, congenital mental retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Subjects were clinically diagnosed with suspected Kabuki syndrome. WES revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.5492dup, p.Asn1831Lysfs*8) in VPS13B that is known to cause Cohen syndrome. The index case of family MOL1514 presented with both RP and liver dysfunction, suspected initially to be related. WES identified a homozygous frameshift mutation (c.1787_1788del, p.His596Argfs*47) in AGBL5, associated with nonsyndromic RP. The MOL1592 family included three affected subjects with crystalline retinopathy, skin ichthyosis, short stature and congenital adrenal hypoplasia, and were found to harbour a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.682C>T, p.Arg228Cys) in ALDH3A2, reported to cause Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome (SLS). In the fourth family, SJ002, two siblings presented with hypotony, psychomotor delay, dysmorphic facial features, pathologic myopia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and diffuse retinal atrophy. Probands were suspected to have atypical Kearns‐Sayre syndrome, but were diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency‐20 due to a novel suspected missense variant (c.1691C>T, p.Ala564Val) in VARS2.ConclusionOur findings emphasize the important complement of WES and thorough clinical investigation in establishing precise clinical diagnosis. This approach constitutes the basis for personalized medicine in rare IRDs.
Validation of hospital discharge coding for neonatal abstinence syndrome
Authors: Yam Patricia , Lok Laverne , Eastwood John , Maher Catherine , Ward Meredith , Clews Sara , Falconer Janet , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo validate the diagnostic discharge coding of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]‐10‐AM, P96.1).MethodsRetrospective record review of infants diagnosed with NAS (P96.1) in a non‐tertiary Australian hospital between 2000 and 2016. NAS criteria were predetermined to include the following: (i) maternal opioid use; (ii) infant requiring NAS medication and (iii) at least one score of ≥8 on the Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool (FNAST).ResultsOf the 253 infants coded with P96.1, 82/146 (56%) opioid‐exposed infants and 9/107(18%) infants exposed to non‐opioid drugs only received withdrawal medication: sensitivity 56.2 (95% confidence interval: 47.7–64.3), specificity 91.6 (84.2–95.8%), positive predictive value (PPV) 90.1 (81.6–95.1%) and negative predictive value (NPV) 60.5 (52.5–68.0%) for all three criteria. Using the criterion of ≥1 FNAST score ≥8 resulted in 58.0 (51.3–64.4%) sensitivity, 63.6 (40.8–82.0%) specificity, 94.4 (88.8–97.4%) PPV and 12.6 (7.3–20.6%) NPV for identifying need for NAS medications.ConclusionA diagnosis of P96.1 is highly specific and predictive but poorly sensitive for identifying opioid‐exposed infants requiring medications for withdrawal.
Indications for laparoscopic liver resection of mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kinoshita Masahiko , Kanazawa Akishige , Takemura Shigekazu , Tanaka Shogo , Kodai Shintaro , Shinkawa Hiroji , Shimizu Sadatoshi , Murata Akihiro , Nishio Kohei , Hamano Genya , Ito Tokuji , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Kubo Shoji 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionWe investigated the indications for laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) of mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (MF‐ICC), including the need for lymph node dissection for improved postoperative prognosis.MethodsThis study involved 36 patients who underwent surgery for solitary peripheral MF‐ICC. Fifteen patients underwent LLR, and 21 underwent open liver resection (OLR). Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors were investigated to determine the indications for LLR.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in perioperative outcomes between patients who underwent LLR and OLR. A significantly worse disease‐free survival (DFS) rate was observed in patients who preoperatively had a tumor diameter ≥3 cm, vascular invasion on diagnostic imaging, and elevated serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. A significantly worse overall survival (OS) rate was observed in patients with a tumor diameter ≥3 cm, vascular invasion on diagnostic imaging, and elevated serum CA19‐9 levels. Therefore, a tumor diameter ≥3 cm, vascular invasion on diagnostic imaging, and elevated serum CA19‐9 and CEA levels were determined to be preoperative prognostic factors. DFS and OS rates were significantly better in patients without these factors. Moreover, in six patients without these factors who underwent LLR, neither lymph node metastasis nor postoperative recurrence was observed.ConclusionA tumor diameter ≥3 cm, vascular invasion on diagnostic imaging, and elevated serum CA19‐9 and CEA levels are preoperative prognostic factors for peripheral MF‐ICC. LLR is indicated for patients without these factors.
Altered accelerator pedal control in a driving simulator in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Perazzolo M. , Reeves N. D. , Bowling F. L. , Boulton A. J. M. , Raffi M. , Marple‐Horvat D. E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the sensory‐motor impairment attributable to diabetic peripheral neuropathy would affect control of the accelerator pedal during a driving simulator task.MethodsA total of 32 active drivers, 11 with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (mean ± sd age 67±5.0 years), 10 with diabetes but no neuropathy (diabetes group; mean ± sd age 62±10 years), and 11 healthy individuals without diabetes (healthy group; mean ± sd age 60±11 years), undertook a test on a dynamometer to assess ankle plantar flexor muscle strength and ankle joint proprioception function of the right leg, in addition to a driving simulator task. The following variables were measured: maximal ankle plantar flexor muscle strength; speed of strength generation (Nm/s); and ankle joint proprioception (ankle repositioning error, degrees). In the driving simulator task, driving speed (mph), accelerator pedal signal (degrees) and the duration of specific ‘loss‐of‐control events’ (s) were measured during two drives (Drive 1, Drive 2).ResultsParticipants with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had a lower speed of strength generation (P<0.001), lower maximal ankle plantar flexor muscle strength (P<0.001) and impaired ankle proprioception (P=0.034) compared to healthy participants. The diabetic peripheral neuropathy group drove more slowly compared with the healthy group (Drive 1 P=0.048; Drive 2 P=0.042) and showed marked differences in the use of the accelerator pedal compared to both the diabetes group (P=0.010) and the healthy group (P=0.002). Participants with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had the longest duration of loss‐of‐control events, but after one drive, this was greatly reduced (P=0.023).ConclusionsMuscle function, ankle proprioception and accelerator pedal control are all affected in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, adversely influencing driving performance, but potential for improvement with targeted practice remains possible.
Reporting of hypoglycaemia in clinical trials of basal insulins: A need for consensus
Authors: Frier Brian M. , Ratzki‐Leewing Alexandria , Harris Stewart B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHypoglycaemia is a common side‐effect of diabetes therapies, particularly insulin, and imposes a substantial burden on individuals and healthcare systems. Consequently, regulatory approval of newer basal insulin (BI) therapies has relied on demonstration of a balance between achievement of good glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for assessing efficacy and safety, including hypoglycaemia risk, of BIs and are invaluable for obtaining regulatory approval. However, their highly selected patient populations and their conditions lead to results that may not be representative of real‐life situations. Real‐world evidence (RWE) studies are more representative of clinical practice, but they also have limitations. As such, data both from RCTs and RWE studies provide a fuller picture of the hypoglycaemia risk with BI therapies. However, substantial differences exist in the way hypoglycaemia is reported across these studies, which confounds comparisons of hypoglycaemia frequency among different BIs. This problem is ongoing and persists in recent trials of second‐generation BI analogues. Although they provide a lower risk of hypoglycaemia when compared with earlier BIs, they do not eliminate it. This review describes differences in the way hypoglycaemia is reported across RCTs and RWE studies of second‐generation BI analogues and examines potential reasons for these differences. For studies of BIs, there is a need to standardize aspects of design, analysis and methods of reporting to better enable interpretation of the efficacy and safety of such insulins among studies; such aspects include length of follow‐up, glycaemic targets, hypoglycaemia definitions and time intervals for determining nocturnal events.
Nutrient stoichiometry shapes microbial coevolution
Authors: Larsen Megan L. , Wilhelm Steven W. , Lennon Jay T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCoevolution is a force contributing to the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. It is influenced by environmental conditions including the scarcity of essential resources, which can drive the evolution of defence and virulence traits. We conducted a long‐term chemostat experiment where the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus was challenged with a lytic phage under nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) limitation. This manipulation of nutrient stoichiometry altered the stability of host–parasite interactions and the underlying mode of coevolution. By assessing the infectivity with > 18 000 pairwise challenges, we documented directional selection for increased phage resistance, consistent with arms‐race dynamics while phage infectivity fluctuated through time, as expected when coevolution is driven by negative frequency‐dependent selection. The resulting infection networks were 50% less modular under N‐ versus P‐limitation reflecting host‐range contraction and asymmetric coevolutionary trajectories. Nutrient stoichiometry affects eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in ways that may alter the dynamics and functioning of environmental and host‐associated microbial communities.
Symptom clusters of subjective cognitive decline amongst cognitively normal older persons and their utilities in predicting objective cognitive performance: structural equation modelling
Authors: Liew T. M. , Yap P. , Ng T.‐P. , Mahendran R. , Kua E.‐H. , Feng L. 
Published: March 2019

Background and purposePrior literature on subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has mostly focused on memory complaints. It is uncertain whether the other non‐memory complaints are equally relevant and can be used, alongside memory complaints, to identify populations at high risk of cognitive impairment. How the memory and non‐memory complaints of SCD cluster with each other amongst community‐dwelling individuals was investigated, and the differential utility of the symptom clusters of SCD in predicting objective cognitive performance was evaluated.MethodsThis study included 736 participants who were ≥60 years and had normal cognition, using the baseline data of an ongoing cohort study. Participants completed baseline assessments which comprised an SCD scale, a global cognitive measure and neuropsychological tests. Symptom clusters of SCD – as identified from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses – were included in structural equation models to predict baseline changes in neuropsychological tests.ResultsThe symptoms of SCD were split into two distinct factors, of which factor 1 was reported much more frequently than factor 2. Each standard deviation (SD) increment in factor 1 led to a 0.16–0.50 SD increase in global cognition, immediate memory, visuospatial abilities, language, attention and delayed memory (P < 0.05). In contrast, each SD increment in factor 2 worsened some of the cognitive domains by 0.18–0.37 SD.ConclusionsThe various complaints of SCD can have different implications amongst cognitively normal older persons and may possibly be classified into age‐related symptoms and pathological symptoms. The findings highlight the need for caution when selecting SCD measures, and illustrate the potential utility of SCD subtypes to inform on the underlying neurobiology.
Application of critical distances to fatigue at pores
Authors: Sobotka James C. , Enright Michael P. , McClung R. Craig 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work applies Taylor's theory of critical distance to quantify the effect of defects on fatigue initiation in an additively manufactured metal. We focus on hollow pores that are ideal spherical, prolate, and oblate spheroids isolated in an otherwise homogeneous linear‐elastic material. These conditions support the development of exact solutions using the exterior Eshelby tensor for a pore in a remote, arbitrary stress field. For spheres, this solution process admits simple closed‐form solutions for principal stresses disturbed by the pore. For prolate and oblate spheroids, we present the solutions as graphical curves showing stress variations under uniaxial tension. This report then extends the analysis to determine the effect of defects on a parametric, power‐law stress range vs fatigue life model. By propagating the distributed stress fields through this model, this study demonstrates the effect of pore size, pore shape, stress, and parametric fatigue properties on the life reduction due to porosity. These results suggest several approaches to increasing fatigue lives in porous materials, eg, reducing the pore size, promoting spherical pores, and increasing the microstructural parameter (comparable to the El Haddad parameter). Results presented in this work may be useful to inform trends of fatigue strength and fatigue initiation lives in metallic alloys with limited porosity, eg, additively manufactured materials that have been HIP'ed.
Population‐based surveillance of haemophilia and patient outcomes in Indiana using multiple data sources
Authors: Okolo Amanda I. , Soucie John Michael , Grosse Scott D. , Roberson Christopher , Janson Isaac A. , Allen Martha , Shapiro Amy D. 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionEpidemiological surveillance of haemophilia through linkage of medical records within a US state has not been conducted in 20 years.AimThe Indiana Haemophilia Surveillance Project aims to identify all persons with haemophilia who resided in Indiana in 2011‐2013 and to determine the percentage of patients in Indiana cared for at a federally recognized haemophilia treatment centre (HTC).MethodsA retrospective review of medical charts was conducted to identify haemophilia cases during the surveillance years. Case‐finding methods involved a variety of medical care resources including hospitals, administrative claims data and haematology/oncology clinic reports.ResultsIn Indiana, 704 unique haemophilia cases were identified. Of those cases, 456 (64.8%) had factor VIII and 248 (35.2%) had factor IX deficiency. Among those with known severity levels (n = 685), 233 (34%) were severe, 185 (27%) were moderate, and 267 (39%) were mild. Overall, 81.7% of the haemophilia patients identified visited an HTC at least once during the three‐year study period, which was the requirement for being considered an HTC patient. Age‐adjusted prevalence for 2013 was 19.4 haemophilia cases per 100 000 males, 12.7 per 100 000 for factor VIII and 6.7 per 100 000 for factor IX. Incidence of haemophilia over the 10 years prior to the surveillance years was 1:3688 live male births in Indiana. During the surveillance years, 24 cases (3.4%) died.ConclusionWe observed higher incidence and prevalence of haemophilia in Indiana compared to previous national estimates, as well as higher HTC utilization among persons with haemophilia.
Evaluation of organic insecticides for management of spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in berry crops
Authors: Sial Ashfaq A. , Roubos Craig R. , Gautam Bal K. , Fanning Philip D. , Van Timmeren Steven , Spies Janine , Petran Andrew , Rogers Mary A. , Liburd Oscar E. , Little Brian A. , Curry Shane , Isaacs Rufus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is an invasive pest affecting fruit production in many regions of the world. Insecticides are the primary tactic for controlling D. suzukii in organic as well as conventional production systems. Organic growers have a greater challenge because fewer insecticides are approved for use in organic agriculture. The most effective organically approved product is spinosad, but alternatives are needed because of label restrictions limiting the number of applications per year, toxicity to beneficial arthropods and the risk of developing resistance. We evaluated several organically approved insecticides against D. suzukii in laboratory assays and field trials conducted on organic blueberry and raspberry farms. Spinosad was consistently the most effective insecticide, but a few other insecticides such as azadirachtin + pyrethrins, Chromobacterium subtsugae and sabadilla alkaloids showed moderate activity. None of the treatments had long residual activity. Mortality started to decline by 3 days after treatment, and by 5 days after application, the treatments were not different from the controls. These products may be useful in rotation programmes, necessary for reducing reliance on spinosad and mitigating resistance. Cultural and biological control approaches are needed in fruit production for D. suzukii management, but insecticides will likely continue to be the dominant management tactic while these other approaches are being optimized and adopted.
Optimizing precooling of large beef carcasses using a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics model
Authors: Delele Mulugeta A. , Kuffi Kumsa D. , Geeraerd Annemie , De Smet Stefaan , Nicolai Bart M. , Verboven Pieter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrecooling has been questioned as a suitable step in the process of beef carcass cooling. Model‐based optimization was performed to identify optimum operating conditions for different heavy‐muscled beef carcass cooling practices in slaughterhouses with both precooling and cooling stages. The study was conducted using a validated computational fluid dynamics model of the beef carcass cooling process. The precooling practice was optimized based on a weighted impact function taking into account energy consumption, weight loss, cooling time, and heat shortening duration. The values of these output variables were dependent on air temperature, air velocity, and precooling time. The results clearly show the benefit of using a precooling unit that operates with an optimum precooling time, cooling air temperature, and velocity. Using a weighted impact function of energy cost and quality, a precooling time of 4 hr using −30°C but low air velocity (0.58 m s−1) appeared more beneficial than precooling using high airflow fans with high energy consumption. The eventual optimum operation conditions depend on the impact variable that the operator wants to minimize and is a trade‐off between adverse effects on energy use and meat quality.Practical applicationsThe comprehensive computational fluid dynamics model can be applied to optimize the operation and design of carcass precooling system. Carcass cooling system operators can make a choice of the impact variable they want to minimize and use the approach to determine the optimum operating condition of the cooling system. The approach can be applied to develop carcass cooling procedure that could potentially minimize the energy consumption and maximize the quality of the carcass.