bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's satisfaction with maternity care during preterm birth
Authors: Alfaro Blazquez Ruben , Ferrer Ferrandiz Esperanza , Gea Caballero Vicente , Corchon Silvia , Juarez‐Vela Raul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundWomen's satisfaction with maternity care is strongly influenced by their sociodemographic characteristics, values, and attitudes. The arrival of a preterm baby is often a traumatic time, with unique factors involved. The Spanish Preterm Birth Experience and Satisfaction Scale (P‐BESS) is a robust instrument capable of assessing women's satisfaction during preterm birth. The purpose of this study was to assess women's satisfaction with maternity care during labor and birth with preterm babies in a Spanish‐speaking population.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. Participants were 182 women who gave birth within 37 weeks' gestation. Factors associated with satisfaction were studied through univariate and bivariate analyses and through multiple linear regression using the backward elimination method.ResultsWomen reported high satisfaction with maternity care overall (average score of 84 out of 95). Women with a university education were generally less satisfied. Women were more satisfied if they were pregnant for the first time. Women who reported a previous premature birth or neonatal death were more satisfied, and women who had prior miscarriages were less satisfied compared with women without these experiences.ConclusionsThe analysis confirmed that the majority of women surveyed were very satisfied with their childbirth experience. The Spanish P‐BESS can be a useful way of prioritizing intervention measures, focusing on those aspects lowest scored by women, such as “information and explanations” and “confidence in staff,” to improve maternity services for families experiencing preterm birth.
Patterns in a species‐rich tropical understory plant community
Authors: Denslow Julie S. , Chaverri S. Luis Guillermo , Vargas R. Orlando 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstory plants are an important component of the high plant species diversity characteristic of neotropical rain forests. Herbs, shrubs, understory trees, and saplings of canopy trees occupy a broadly uniform environment of abundant rainfall, low light levels, and high humidity. We asked whether this community at the La Selva Biological Station in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica was structured by environmental filters such as soil origin, topographic position, and understory light availability. We used nested quadrats to assess effects of soil origin (recent alluvium, weathered alluvium, residual volcanic soil) and topographic position (ridges, mid‐slopes and flats) on species composition, density, and diversity and measured six edaphic and understory light parameters. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling ordinations were based on frequency of occurrence in 20 quadrats for 272 species in the shrub size class and 136 species in the small‐tree size class for 17 sites. Three axes were correlated with composite environmental variables produced by principal component analysis representing slope, extractable phosphorus, and light. NMS site positions also reflected soil origin, topographic position, and geographic location. The analyses illustrated a complex community structured by species responses to environmental filters at multiple, interdigitated spatial scales. We suggest that light availability affected by canopy dynamics and dispersal limitation provides additional sources of variation in species distributions, which interact with edaphic patterns in complex ways.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Long‐term results of endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment vs Limberg flap for treatment of difficult cases of complicated pilonidal disease: a prospective, nonrandomized study
Authors: Romaniszyn M. , Swirta J. S. , Walega P. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo present the results of a prospective, nonrandomized comparative study on the treatment of complicated pilonidal sinus by endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (EPSiT) compared with Limberg flap surgery, based on experience of a single surgical centre.MethodA prospective, nonrandomized comparative study. Long‐term follow‐up of 62 patients with complicated pilonidal disease was analysed (36 operated on using the Limberg flap technique and 26 using the EPSiT method). The median follow‐up was 27 months (12–44).ResultsThe median operating time in the EPSiT group was 60 min (25–80 min) and in the Limberg group 67 min (35–95 min). In the EPSiT group, primary healing was achieved in 22 out of 26 patients (84.6%) in a median of 42 days with a total complication rate of 11.5%. There were seven recurrences after initial healing. The total success rate of the EPSiT procedure with long‐term follow‐up was 57.7%. In the Limberg flap group, all patients healed (100%) in a median of 21 days. The complication rate in this group was 26.5%, and there were two recurrences in this group. The total success rate of the Limberg flap procedure was 94.1%.ConclusionFor patients with complicated pilonidal sinus, the endoscopic procedure has a significantly lower success rate than the Limberg flap procedure, but a lower risk of complications. Such patients should be offered a choice between a safer, minimally invasive procedure with a higher risk of recurrence or flap surgery, which is more effective, but with a higher risk of complications.
Cyber Safe Curricula and Online Harassment
Authors: Greenhalgh‐Spencer Heather 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this article, Heather Greenhalgh‐Spencer analyzes three examples of curricula aimed at cultivating good cyber behavior and countering online harassment. These curricula are branded as addressing civic needs, cultivating civic duty, and developing skills to help students understand and react to online threats. Here, Greenhalgh‐Spencer offers two critiques of these, and other similar, cyber safe curricula. First, current cyber safe curricula do not adequately address the ways that identity — particularly gender and sexuality — shape one's experience of online spaces and exposure to online threats. Second, current cyber safe curricula do not adequately consider nuances of how to “react” to online threats. The preponderance of cyber curricula teach students that all forms of offensive speech online should be abolished or pushed against. These curricula miss the opportunity to cultivate conversations around the tensions between the need to feel safe and the need to protect freedoms of speech.
Pathogenicity of Malaysian Phytophthora palmivora on cocoa, durian, rubber and oil palm determines the threat of bud rot disease
Authors: Mohamed Azni Intan Nur Ainni , Sundram Shamala , Ramachandran Vasagi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe epidemic of bud rot disease affecting oil palm in Colombia is primarily caused by Phytophthora palmivora. The pathogen has a cosmopolitan presence that includes Southeast Asia, but to date, bud rot has not been reported in this region. This study provides an overview of the potential risk of Malaysian P. palmivora isolates cross‐infecting other host species, including cocoa, durian, rubber and Malaysian oil palm planting materials (Dura × Pisifera, D × P). On cocoa pods, the durian isolate PP7 caused dark brown necrotic lesions. Detached leaf bioassays showed that P. palmivora isolates PP3 and PP7 infected different hosts, except rubber foliage without wounding. Inoculation tests on cocoa, durian and rubber seedlings caused brown necrotic lesions when stems were wounded, with 10% mortality in cocoa and durian at 17 days post‐inoculation (dpi). However, no further infection was observed, and lesions closed within 14–28 dpi on the non‐wounded seedlings. Pathogenicity tests of oil palm seedlings inoculated with isolates PP3 and PP7 indicated that Malaysian P. palmivora isolates were not pathogenic to oil palms based on localized infection observed only through wounding. Overall, the work demonstrated that Malaysian P. palmivora isolates were able to cross‐infect multiple hosts but did not show severe infections on oil palms.
Niche breadth and species richness: Correlation strength, scale and mechanisms
Authors: Granot Itai , Belmaker Jonathan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimIt is often assumed that species in richer sites are more specialized, but empirical studies show conflicting results. In the present study, we quantify the correlation between community‐level niche breadth and richness. We contrast three mechanisms for gradients in niche breadth: climate, community assembly and nested interactions. First, the climatic stability within the tropics enables species to specialize, resulting in high richness. Under this scenario, we predict stronger richness–niche breadth correlations over larger latitudinal extents and when using environmental niche breadth measures (e.g., habitat). Second, in species‐rich areas, biotic interactions drive species to specialize. This may yield richness–niche breadth correlations regardless of the latitudinal extent and the type of niche breadth measure examined, whether environmental or functional (e.g., diet). Third, increased richness intensifies interactions between extreme specialists and generalists. Here, we predict stronger richness–niche breadth correlations when using functional niche breadth measures.LocationGlobal.Time period1973–2018.Major taxa studiedMany taxa.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis, with the effect size estimated as the correlation between richness and community‐averaged niche breadth extracted from each study. We also examined how these correlations depend on the niche breadth measure used (environmental or functional), scale (grain and latitudinal extent), ecosystem and taxa.ResultsWe found a strong negative correlation between richness and niche breadth, and overall, a non‐significant correlation between latitude and niche breadth. The richness–niche breadth correlation was independent of the niche breadth measure used (environmental or functional). Scale, ecosystem and taxa had little effect on the strength of the correlation.Main conclusionsWe confirm that species in richer sites, but not necessarily in the tropics, are more specialized. This finding is not dependent on scale or on the type of niche breadth measure used. These results suggest that high richness drives community‐level specialization, and thus community assembly is likely to be the major driver of niche breadth rather than climatic gradients shaping both niche breadth and richness.
Patient‐centred care in haemophilia: Patient perspectives on visualization and participation in decision‐making
Authors: van Balen Erna C. , Krawczyk Marian , Gue Deborah , Jackson Shannon , Gouw Samantha C. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Sawatzky Richard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimThe British Columbia Adult Haemophilia Team recently adopted a patient‐centred care approach. The team presented visual information on an individual's pharmacokinetic profile and bleed history and encouraged patients to participate in treatment decisions. This qualitative study explored how this approach changed patients’ understanding of haemophilia and how it facilitated them to make treatment decisions.MethodsWe interviewed 18 males with mild, moderate or severe haemophilia, using a convenience sample from the adult haemophilia clinic at St. Paul's hospital in Vancouver, Canada. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using descriptive content analysis.ResultsMost participants reported that reviewing visual information with the Clinic Team helped them in their communication with their care providers during their annual review clinic appointment. Despite this improved communication, for some the most important feature of their treatment was that they had switched from on‐demand treatment to prophylactic treatment in recent years and were able to prevent bleeds. Almost half of the participants reported that the visual information presented increased their understanding of haemophilia and the pharmacokinetics of coagulation factor. Three patients improved their treatment adherence or had changed their prophylaxis schedules based on this. Most participants felt that they were involved in decision‐making about their treatment schedule, which they appreciated. On the other hand, two participants thought the Clinic Team should make these decisions.ConclusionParticipants perceived the patient‐centred prophylaxis approach helpful because it enhanced communication with the Clinic Team, increased their understanding of haemophilia and pharmacokinetics of coagulation factor and facilitated treatment decisions.
Design and synthesis of foam glasses from recycled materials
Authors: Fernandes Hugo R. , Gaddam Anuraag , Tulyaganov Dilshat U. , Ferreira José M. F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecycling has emerged as an environmental key point due to the diminishing of natural resources and the generation of ever‐increasing amounts of industrial solid wastes. Glass wastes are among the materials that attract great interest in the recycling concept. This work presents the results of foams production from four series of compositions. The first series comprises powders of a sodium‐calcium‐silicate sheet glass cullet as the main component, an alkali‐earth aluminosilicate glass as an additive, and a reagent grade silicon carbide (SiC) powder as gassing agent. In the second series, the glass cullet was used in combination with fly ashes (FLA) as main components, while SiC waste from abrasive paper served as foaming agent. In the third and fourth series, carbonates (calcite and dolomite) were used for foaming powder mixtures composed of sheet glass cullet and FLA, and powdered cathode ray tube panel glasses, respectively. All the processing parameters, including the main components, the nature and content of foaming agents are shown to play a crucial role on the foaming ability and final properties of the glass foams.
Silencing of the DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 (DMAP1) gene in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis implies a role of the DNA methyltransferase 1‐DMAP1 complex in female fecundity
Authors: Gegner J. , Gegner T. , Vogel H. , Vilcinskas A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe invasive harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis is a textbook example of polymorphism and polyphenism as the temperature during egg development determines the frequency of melanic morphs and the number and size of black spots in nonmelanic morphs. Recent concepts in evolutionary biology suggest that epigenetic mechanisms can translate environmental stimuli into heritable phenotypic changes. To investigate whether epigenetic mechanisms influence the penetrance and expressivity of colour morphs in H. axyridis, we used RNA interference to silence key enzymes required for DNA methylation and histone modification. We found that neither of these epigenetic mechanisms affected the frequency of different morphs, but there was a significant impact on life‐history traits such as longevity and fecundity. Strikingly, we found that silencing the gene encoding for DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 (DMAP1) severely reduced female fecundity, which correlated with an abundance of degenerated ovaries in DMAP1‐knockdown female beetles. Finally, we observed significant differences in DMAP1 expression when we compared native and invasive H. axyridis populations with a biocontrol strain differing in egg‐laying capacity, suggesting that the DNA methyltransferase 1‐DMAP1 complex may influence the invasive performance of this ladybird.
Autologous fibroblasts for the treatment of cutaneous loxoscelism: First experience
Authors: Guglielmetti Antonio , Jahr Catalina , Gompertz‐Mattar Matías 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeveral treatments have been described for cutaneous loxoscelism (CL), but the quality of available evidence is insufficient for the elaboration of a therapeutic consensus. Dapsone has shown beneficial effects on stopping the inflammatory phenomenon and accelerating the recovery. It is recommended to start dapsone once the visceral involvement is ruled out if glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase levels are normal. Autologous fibroblast (AF) therapy is a novel therapy that has been successfully used in bioengineering as skin substitutes for surgical wounds and burns, diabetic and pressure ulcers, and other aesthetic purposes. Interestingly, there are no reports of AFs in CL. We present a case of CL in which the necrotic process was stabilised with dapsone, but the healing of the ulcer was not achieved. Three weekly applications of AFs 100 000/cm2 were performed on a biocompatible polymer matrix, with optimal response within 2 months. This represents the first report of AFs in CL, setting the stage for future studies.
Diachronic metamorphic and structural evolution of the Connecticut Valley–Gaspé trough, Northern Appalachians
Authors: Perrot Morgann , Tremblay Alain , Ruffet Gilles , Labrousse Loic , Gervais Félix , Caroir Fabien 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Connecticut Valley–Gaspé (CVG) trough represents a major, orogen‐scale Silurian–Devonian basin of the Northern Appalachians. From Gaspé Peninsula to southern New England, the CVG trough has experienced a contrasting metamorphic and structural evolution during the Acadian orogeny. Along its strike, the CVG trough is characterized by increasing strain and polyphase structures, and by variations in the intensity of regional metamorphism and contrasting abundance of c. 390–370 Ma granitic intrusions. In southern Quebec and northern Vermont, a series of NW–SE transects across the CVG trough have been studied in order to better understand these along‐strike variations. Detailed structural analyses, combined with phase equilibria modelling, Raman spectrometry, and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar dating highlight a progressive and incremental deformation involving south–north variation in the timing of metamorphism. Deformation evolves from a D1 crustal thickening event which originates in Vermont and progresses to southern Québec where it peaked at 0.6 GPa/380°C at c. 375 Ma. This was followed by a D2 event associated with continuous burial in Vermont from 378 to 355 Ma, which produced peak metamorphic conditions of 0.85 GPa/380°C and exhumation in Quebec from 368 to 360 Ma. The D3 compressional exhumation event also evolved from south to north from 345 to 335 Ma. D1 to D3 deformation events form part of a continuum with an along‐strike propagation rate of ~50 km/Ma During D1, the burial depth varied by more than 15 km between southern Quebec and Vermont, and this can be attributed to the occurrence of a major crustal indenter, the Bronson Hill Arc massif, in the New England segment of the Acadian collision zone.
Oral anticancer therapy project: Clinical utility of a specific home care nursing programme on behalf of Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)
Authors: Cirillo Massimo , Carlucci Luciano , Legramandi Lorenzo , Baldini Editta , Sacco Cosimo , Zagonel Vittorina , Leo Silvana , Di Fabio Francesca , Tonini Giuseppe , Meacci Maria Luisa , Tartarone Alfredo , Farci Daniele , Tortora Giampaolo , Zaninelli Marta , Valori Vanna Maria , Cinieri Saverio , Carrozza Francesco , Barbato Enrico , Fabbroni Valentina , Cretella Elisabetta , Gamucci Teresa , Lunardi Gianluigi , Zamboni Sonia , Micallo Giovanni , Cascinu Stefano , Pinto Carmine , Gori Stefania 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assess the effectiveness of a specific home care nursing programme in addition to standard care in patients (pts) receiving oral anticancer treatments.BackgroundOral anticancer therapy present challenges for pts since treatment is a home‐based therapy. This study evaluates the potentiality of a home care nursing programme in decreasing hospital accesses for not severe toxicity.MethodsThis is an open‐label, multicentre, randomised trial including pts who were receiving an anticancer oral drug. The study complies with the CONSORT checklist published in 2010. Concomitant use of radiation therapy, intravenous or metronomic therapies, or the intake of previous oral drugs was not allowed. Pts were randomly assigned to home care nursing programme (A) or standard care (B). In arm A, dedicated nurses provided information to pts, a daily record on which pts would take note of drugs and dosages and a telephone monitoring during the first two cycles of therapy. The primary outcome was the reduction in improper hospital accesses for grade 1–2 toxicity according to CTCAE v4.0.ResultsOut of 432 randomised pts, 378 were analysed (184 pts in arm A and 194 in arm B). Hospital accesses were observed in 41 pts in arm A and in 42 pts in arm B (22.3% vs. 21.6%, respectively). No difference was detected in proportion of improper accesses between arm A and arm B (29.3% vs. 23.8%, respectively).ConclusionsOur experience failed to support the role of a specific home care nursing programme for pts taking oral chemotherapy. An improved attention to specific educational practice and information offered to pts can explain these results.Relevance to clinical practiceOur results underline the role of nurse educational practice and information offered to patients. A careful nurse information of patients about drugs is essential to reduce toxicities avoiding the opportunity of a specific home monitoring.
Contemporary views on dementia as witchcraft in sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Ojo Omorogieva 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the impact of cultural beliefs of dementia as witchcraft in sub‐Saharan Africa.BackgroundThe population of sub‐Saharan Africa is ageing, which increases the number of those at risk of dementia. Mental health and physical diseases that affect behaviour have often been associated with witchcraft. Accusations of witchcraft leave individuals vulnerable and at risk.MethodA systematic review, which followed the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and completed a PRISMA checklist. CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Science Direct databases were searched for relevant studies published from their inception to 31 May 2019 by applying appropriate Medical Subject Headings. Data analysis adhered to Thomas and Harding's thematic synthesis.ResultsThe review identified limited literature on this topic, with only five papers meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies explored health provision, and knowledge and beliefs of dementia in Tanzania and South Africa. Three themes emerged as follows: (a) poor knowledge of dementia, including the belief of dementia as witchcraft; (b) challenges of supporting a family member with dementia in the community; and (c) health‐seeking behaviours of and for people with dementia.ConclusionThere remains a need for dementia awareness and education across sub‐Saharan Africa communities, including faith and traditional healers, and healthcare professionals to support pluralistic healthcare provision. Nurses are the best‐placed healthcare professionals to support these initiatives and the development and implementation of low‐resource nonpharmacological interventions to support people with dementia and their families living in the community.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses working in sub‐Saharan Africa and those caring for patients from sub‐Saharan Africa can only provide person‐centred care and support for a person with dementia and their family if they understand their cultural beliefs, one of which may include witchcraft.