bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo dynamic thermal imaging of skin radiofrequency treatment
Authors: Wilczyński Sławomir , Stolecka‐Warzecha Anna , Deda Anna , Koprowski Robert , Flasz Karolina , Błoński Bartosz , Musioł Małgorzata 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn recent years, popularity of radiofrequency (RF) has increased significantly. They are characterized by a low risk of complications and relatively high effectiveness. RF use high‐frequency currents causing oscillating motion of ions resulting in temperature rise stimulating skin regeneration processes. The aim of this work was the thermographic evaluation of the skin exposed to RF of different intensity. The dynamic thermal imaging was used to study the temperature of the skin exposed to RF. The research was carried out in two locations with different adipose tissue content: abdomen (ROI1) and forearm (ROI2). In the ROI1 area, RF was applied at nominal power range from 250 to 1750 W, while in ROI2 area: from 250 to 1000 W. The obtained thermographic data were fitted to exponential functions. A clear dependence of obtained thermokinetic parameters with the anatomical location of exposure to RF was demonstrated. Thicker layer of adipose tissue directly under the skin resulted in obtaining higher maximum temperatures of the skin surface during the procedure (maximum obtained temperature equaled 40.8°C). The temperature of the skin under the head of the device does not translate to subjective patient experiences. In anatomic locations filled with less adipose tissue mass, tolerance to RF is much lower. The dynamics of skin temperature changes, after the RF treatment, can be described by means of a single exponential function where the key parameter is the time constant t1 defining the dynamics of skin temperature changes. The depth of the RF influence is slightly correlated with the RF power.
Comparison of novel dual mode vs conventional single pass of a 1450‐nm diode laser in the treatment of acne vulgaris for Korean patients: A 20‐week prospective, randomized, split‐face study
Authors: Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Choi Sun Chul , Jung Jae Yoon , Bae You In , Park Gyeong‐Hun 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlthough a 1450‐nm diode laser has been shown to be effective for acne, the conventional high‐energy stamp‐only regimen is often associated with pain and hyperpigmentation, especially for dark‐skinned individuals.AimsTo evaluate whether the novel dual regimen has clinical advantages for acne treatments compared with conventional regimen in Asian patients.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐four Korean patients with facial acne were treated with a 1450‐nm diode laser through a 20‐week, randomized, split‐face study. The patients were treated with three consecutive sessions at 4‐week intervals. One half of the face received a dual regimen consisting of low‐fluence stamping mode (5‐6 J/cm2) for inflammatory acne lesions only, followed by 4‐5 passes of moving mode for the full face. The other side received a single‐pass treatment of conventional high‐fluence stamp mode (14‐15 J/cm2). Evaluations for acne, sebum secretion measurements, and safety profiles were performed.ResultsAt the final 12‐week follow‐up evaluations, the dual‐mode side demonstrated better improvements in both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts, acne severity assessments, and reduction in sebum secretion compared with stamp‐only side. Subjective satisfaction for the improvement for acne, seborrhea, and texture correlated well with objective assessments. In addition, degrees of pain and treatment‐related side effects were remarkably decreased in the novel dual mode.ConclusionThis novel dual regimen of the 1450‐nm laser demonstrated improved efficacies for acne and seborrhea with satisfactory safety profiles. Therefore, this regimen would be a viable option for acne treatments either as monotherapy or as combination therapy.
Effect of dietary supplementation with Yarrowia lipolytica or Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and probiotic additives on growth performance, basic nutrients digestibility and biochemical blood profile in piglets
Authors: Czech Anna , Smolczyk Aleksandra , Grela Eugeniusz R. , Kiesz Martyna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe objective of the study was to compare the efficiency of dietary supplementation of two species of yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), with or without the addition of a probiotic, on growth performance, basic nutrients digestibility and blood profile in piglets. The experiment was conducted on 360 weaned piglets (180 barrows and 180 gilts). Each treatment comprised 60 piglets. The piglets (27‐day‐old) were assigned to the following dietary treatments: (a) basal control (C) diet, (b) C diet + probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis—2 × 109 CFU/kg of feed), (c) C diet + 3% Y. lipolytica (YL—2 × 1010 CFU/g), (d) C diet + 3%YL + probiotic, (e) C diet + 3% S. cerevisiae (SC—3 × 1010 CFU/g) and (f) C diet + 3% SC + probiotic. Blood for analysis was collected from a total of 36 piglets at the end of the experiment, that is, 56 days after weaning. During the entire experiment, significantly greater weight gain was observed in the piglets receiving YL. The addition of the probiotic supplement and SC yeast reduced the daily feed intake during day 16–56 and from day 0 to 56 of the experiment. A better feed conversion ratio (FCR) during day 0–56 of the experiment was noted after addition of the probiotic and yeast. The use of YL yeast in diets for piglets had a more beneficial effect on weight gain and FCR than SC. Moreover, the addition of YL modulates lipid metabolism in piglets, as indicated by the reduced levels of TCH, LDL and TG and increased level of HDL in the plasma. The combined use of either YL or SC with a probiotic is not recommended in piglet rearing, as it does not substantially improve growth performance and health in comparison with yeast alone.
New pollen classification of Chenopodiaceae for exploring and tracing desert vegetation evolution in eastern arid central Asia
Authors: Lu Kai‐Qing , Li Min , Wang Guo‐Hong , Xu Lian‐Sheng , Ferguson David K. , Trivedi Anjali , Xuan Jing , Feng Ying , Li Jin‐Feng , Xie Gan , Yao Yi‐Feng , Wang Yu‐Fei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMembers of the Chenopodiaceae are the most dominant elements in the central Asian desert. The different genera and species within this family are common in desert vegetation types. Should it prove possible to link pollen types in this family to specific desert vegetation, it would be feasible to trace vegetation successions in the geological past. Nevertheless, the morphological similarity of pollen grains in the Chenopodiaceae rarely permits identification at the generic level. Although some pollen classifications of Chenopodiaceae have been proposed, none of them tried to link pollen types to specific desert vegetation types in order to explore their ecological significance. Based on the pollen morphological characters of 13 genera and 24 species within the Chenopodiaceae of eastern central Asia, we provide a new pollen classification of this family with six pollen types and link them to those plant communities dominated by Chenopodiaceae, for example, temperate dwarf semi‐arboreal desert (Haloxylon type), temperate succulent halophytic dwarf semi‐shrubby desert (Suaeda, Kalidium, and Atriplex types), temperate annual graminoid desert (Kalidium type), temperate semi‐shrubby and dwarf semi‐shrubby desert (Kalidium, Iljini, and Haloxylon types), and alpine cushion dwarf semi‐shrubby desert (Krascheninnikovia type). These findings represent a new approach for detecting specific desert vegetation types and deciphering ecosystem evolution in eastern central Asia.
Inter‐ and intraspecific differences in leaf beetle attachment on rigid and compliant substrates
Authors: Voigt D. , de Souza E. J. , Kovalev A. , Gorb S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe influence of substrate stiffness on the attachment ability of insects has been largely neglected so far. In the present study, traction experiments with adult beetles Gastrophysa viridula and Leptinotarsa decemlineata were carried out to study the influence of smooth, non‐structured surfaces, having different stiffness, on beetle attachment. Force measurements were performed with tethered walking adult insects, both males and females, intact and after removal of claws, on hydrophilic (normal) and hydrophobic (silanized) glass and four polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates ranging from 0.3 to 20 MPa in elastic modulus. Adult G. viridula generated higher safety factors (force/body weight) than L. decemlineata, 4.6–54.0 and 0.5–15.8 (min.–max.) respectively. The results show that the amputation of claws had no significant influence on the force generation by beetles on these smooth substrates. Males and females of both species performed best on stiffer surfaces having elastic moduli larger than 5 MPa. On the softer substrates, forces and safety factors significantly decreased. This effect was more prominent in L. decemlineata compared to the ten times lighter G. viridula. Since some natural substrates are rather soft, it is assumed that the effect of decrease in attachment ability of leaf beetles on soft substrata is of potential importance for the biology of leaf beetles.
Preoviposition paternal care in a fully aquatic giant salamander: nest cleaning by a den master
Authors: Terry J. , Taguchi Y. , Dixon J. , Kuwabara K. , Takahashi M. K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractParental care in salamanders is thought to be simple and typically limited to female egg attendance. No elaborate preoviposition parental care had been described from salamanders. Recent studies revealed complex care behaviours by male Japanese giant salamanders (Andrias japonicus), a fully aquatic, secretive species with external fertilization. These studies emphasize behavioural convergence in paternal care between some of the fish species and the giant salamanders. The fish examples further imply the possibility that males of A. japonicus provide preoviposition parental care in the form of nest cleaning and building. We tested this possibility and also predicted that cleaning effort by a male salamander, if exists, would increase as it approaches the spawning event. Prior to the breeding season, large males (i.e. den masters) of A. japonicus occupy and guard suitable burrows well‐hidden along the stream bank. In the falls of 2012, 2013 and 2015, we videotaped and examined a single den master's pre‐ and postoviposition behaviours at Asa Zoological Park in Hiroshima, Japan. The den master repeatedly exhibited vigorous movements of front and hind limbs in a paddling motion at the bottom of the nest every day for the three separate years. The cleaning effort by the den master lineally increased as the spawning event approached, after which the den master completely ceased cleaning. With the cleaning behaviour, the den master made the den filled with debris including leaves and twigs buried in the sand. The floating debris was subsequently removed by the water current flowing through the nest. Water mould infection is a major cause of offspring mortality of aquatic amphibians including A. japonicus. By reducing the amount of organic matter that provides food sources for water mould, the nest cleaning likely reduces the risk of water mould infection among the offspring, serving as an important preoviposition parental care.
Dietary energy density is associated with body mass index‐for‐age in Mexican adolescents
Authors: Arango‐Angarita Andrea , Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Sonia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDietary energy density (DED) has been widely considered a risk factor for weight gain. In adolescents, however, the evidence is inconclusive, and in Mexico, the ways in which DED is associated with overweight and obesity are unknown. Our study analysed the association of DED with overweight or obesity (OW‐O) in Mexican adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT 2012). We analysed the data from a 7‐day Food Frequency Questionnaire administered to 2,203 Mexican adolescents aged 12–19 years. DED was calculated excluding all beverages. Plausible and implausible reporters were identified based on the relationship between the reported energy intake and the estimated energy requirement. The association of DED with body mass index (BMI)‐for‐age and OW‐O was analysed using multivariate statistical models restricted to plausible reporters. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.4% in the complete sample and 27.8% in the sample of plausible reporters. Mean DED was 177 kcal/100 g, with higher DED in the north of the country. The proportion of plausible reporters was 38.5%. We found a positive association between high DED and the BMI‐for‐age z‐score (β = 0.347; 95% CI [0.101, 0.594]; P = 0.006), controlling for sociodemographic and dietary variables, but no significant association with OW‐O. It is necessary to consider the DED in the design and implementation of strategies to reduce energy density in the diets of young Mexicans.
Changes in growth, anaemia, and iron deficiency among children aged 6–23 months in two districts in Nepal that were part of the post‐pilot scale‐up of an integrated infant and young child feeding and micronutrient powder intervention
Authors: Locks Lindsey M. , Dahal Pradiumna , Pokharel Rajkumar , Joshi Nira , Paudyal Naveen , Whitehead Ralph D. , Chitekwe Stanley , Mei Zuguo , Lamichhane Bikash , Garg Aashima , Jefferds Maria Elena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is limited research on integrated infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and micronutrient powders (MNPs) programmes operating at scale, despite widespread implementation. This study uses cross‐sectional baseline (n = 2,542) and endline (n = 2,578) surveys representative of children 6–23 months in two districts in Nepal that were part of a post‐pilot scale‐up of a IYCF–MNP programme. Multivariable log‐binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for stunting (length‐for‐age z‐score <−2), wasting (weight‐for‐length z‐score <−2), underweight (weight‐for‐age z‐score <−2), anaemia (altitude‐adjusted haemoglobin <110 μg/L), moderate or severe anaemia (altitude‐adjusted haemoglobin <100 g/L), iron deficiency (inflammation‐adjusted ferritin <12 μg/L), and iron deficiency anaemia (iron deficiency + anaemia [IDA]) at endline versus baseline and also to compare children in the endline survey based on frequency of mothers' interactions with female community health volunteers (FCHVs; >1× per month or monthly vs. <1× per month) and MNP coverage (1 or ≥2 distributions vs. none among children 12–23 months). Endline children were significantly less likely to be stunted than baseline children in both districts (multivariable‐adjusted PR [95% CI]: 0.77 [0.69, 0.85], P < 0.001 and 0.82 [0.75, 0.91], P < 0.001 in Kapilvastu and Achham, respectively); however, only Achham had significantly lower prevalences of underweight, moderate/severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and IDA at endline. At endline, 53.5% and 71.4% of children had tried MNP in Kapilvastu and Achham districts, respectively, consuming an average of 24 sachets from the last distribution. Frequent maternal–FCHV interactions were associated with a reduced risk of stunting and underweight at endline, whereas repeat MNP coverage was associated with reduced risk of anaemia and IDA. Future research using experimental designs should verify the potential of integrated IYCF–MNP programmes to improve children's nutritional status.
How bacterioplankton community can go with cascade damming in the highly regulated Lancang–Mekong River Basin
Authors: Wang Xun , Wang Chao , Wang Peifang , Chen Juan , Miao Lingzhan , Feng Tao , Yuan Qiusheng , Liu Sheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRivers make vital contributions to the transport of water, sediment and nutrients from terrestrial to marine ecosystems. However, many large rivers worldwide are suffering from dam regulation. Increasing attention has been paid to bacterioplankton communities since they are highly responsive to river alterations and may influence biogeochemical processes. Here, a comprehensive study was conducted in the highly regulated Lancang–Mekong River Basin to address the question of how bacterioplankton communities respond to cascade damming. The results showed that dam constructions increased nutrient concentrations and threatened water quality in cascade reservoirs. Bacterioplankton cell abundance was reduced by damming, and α‐diversity was inhibited in cascade reservoirs. Fortunately, however, river ecosystems were resilient after the remarkable disturbance caused by damming. Moreover, bacterioplankton community composition was significantly altered by cascade dams, including a shift in the dominant phylum from r‐strategists to k‐strategists. Meanwhile, according to GeoChip analysis, the functional composition of bacterioplankton was less affected than taxonomic composition. In addition, geographic and environmental features both followed a distance–decay relationship with community and functional composition, but the local environment condition was the dominant driver in the Lancang River. Therefore, the impoundments of cascade dams had significant impacts on bacterioplankton communities and more attention should be paid to the potential ecological consequences of river regulation.
Lime powder regimen supplement alleviates urinary metabolic abnormalities in urolithiasis patients
Authors: Ungjaroenwathana Wattanachai , Chiramongkolsiri Thanida , Dissayabutra Thasinas , Boonla Chanchai , Prapunwattana Phisit , Tungsanga Kriang , Tosukhowong Piyaratana 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundUrolithiasis has high recurrent rate after surgical removal within 3 years. Potassium citrate compound is used to prevent stone recurrence but it has intolerable gastrointestinal adverse effects. We conducted a phase 2 clinical study of lime power regimen (LPR), a limeade‐based supplement containing potassium and citrate for 6 months period of treatment, to evaluate its effects on biochemical and clinical aspects of recurrent urolithiasis.MethodsSeventy‐four urolithiasis patients were randomly allocated to receive either LPR or placebo for 6 months in a double‐blinded manner. Plasma and 24 h urine samples were collected to measure urinary pH, mineral excretion and urinary total antioxidant status , plasma for creatinine and plasma protein carbonyl, and stone for elemental analysis at the initiation and end‐of‐treatment (6 month). Adverse effects were recorded.ResultsAdministration of LPR significantly increased urinary pH, citrate and potassium excretion. Urinary levels of calcium and oxalate, and plasma protein carbonyl content were reduced, while urinary total antioxidant status was elevated by LPR treatment. Urinary supersaturation was decreased and urinary protein excretion was ameliorated in LPR‐treated patients. Gastrointestinal adverse effects were rarely observed. None of the participants developed stone recurrence for the duration of the trial.ConclusionLime power regimen is a potential drug to correct urinary metabolic disorders associated with urolithiasis in high risk stone recurrent patients. A phase 3 clinical trial is underway to validate anti‐stone recurrence property of LPR in long‐term treatment.
Sera with anti‐enteric neuronal antibodies from patients with irritable bowel syndrome promote apoptosis in myenteric neurons of guinea pigs and human SH‐Sy5Y cells
Authors: Fan Wenjuan , Fei Guijun , Li Xiaoqing , Wang Xiyu , Hu Chaojun , Xin Haiwei , Sun Xiaohong , Li Yongzhe , Wood Jackie D , Fang Xiucai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSera anti‐enteric neuronal antibodies (AENA), neuronal inflammation, and degeneration in myenteric plexus in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were reported. Effects of sera AENA in patients with IBS are unclear.MethodsPatients with IBS met Rome III criteria were enrolled. Controls included healthy subjects (HS) and patients with slow transit functional constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, and autoimmune diseases. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect AENA. Anti‐enteric neuronal antibodies intensities were termed as “1” = weak fluorescence (mild positive); “2” = moderate fluorescence (moderate positive); “3” = very high fluorescence (intensive positive). Intensities of ≥1 were defined as positive and ≥2 were defined as obvious positive. Cultured myenteric neurons of small intestine from guinea pigs and human SH‐Sy5Y cells were incubated with fetal bovine serum (FBS), HS sera, or IBS sera with or without AENA. Indirect immunofluorescence with anti‐PGP9.5/DAPI/anti‐active caspase‐3 or TUNEL, Western blot, and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis.Key ResultsOverall, 293 patients with IBS were enrolled (41.7 ± 11.5 years). AENA‐positive and obvious positive rates in IBS were higher than HS (76.8% vs 33%; 43.7% vs 7%; all P < 0.001). Myenteric neurons incubated with AENA moderate or intensive positive IBS sera showed higher rates of anti‐active caspase‐3 and TUNEL‐positive cells than HS or FBS (20% ± 7.3% and 35% ± 13.3% vs 4.3% ± 1.5% and 0.9% ± 0.4%, respectively; 6.2% ± 2.0% and 10.2% ± 4.6% vs 1.3% ± 1.9% and 0.5%±0.5%, respectively; all P < 0.05). Human SH‐Sy5Y cells incubated with AENA moderate or intensive positive IBS sera showed increased cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax expression and decreased Bcl‐2 expression. Flow cytometry showed apoptosis rates of these two groups were higher than that of AENA mild positive, negative, HS, and FBS (7.6%±0.8% and 10.7%±1.3% vs 5.0%±0.8%, 3.8%±0.3%, 3.4%±0.2% and, 2.8%±0.2%, P < 0.05).Conclusions and InferencesThe AENA obvious positive rate in patients with IBS was higher than HS, and sera with higher levels of AENA promoted neuronal apoptosis. AENA‐mediated neuropathy might exist in a subset of patients with IBS.