bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of physician services under fee‐for‐service and blended fee‐for‐service: Evidence from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Somé Nibene H. , Devlin Rose Anne , Mehta Nirav , Zaric Greg , Li Lihua , Shariff Salimah , Belhadji Bachir , Thind Amardeep , Garg Amit , Sarma Sisira 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe examine family physicians' responses to financial incentives for medical services in Ontario, Canada. We use administrative data covering 2003–2008, a period during which family physicians could choose between the traditional fee for service (FFS) and blended FFS known as the Family Health Group (FHG) model. Under FHG, FFS physicians are incentivized to provide comprehensive care and after‐hours services. A two‐stage estimation strategy teases out the impact of switching from FFS to FHG on service production. We account for the selection into FHG using a propensity score matching model, and then we use panel‐data regression models to account for observed and unobserved heterogeneity. Our results reveal that switching from FFS to FHG increases comprehensive care, after‐hours, and nonincentivized services by 3%, 15%, and 4% per annum. We also find that blended FFS physicians provide more services by working additional total days as well as the number of days during holidays and weekends. Our results are robust to a variety of specifications and alternative matching methods. We conclude that switching from FFS to blended FFS improves patients' access to after‐hours care, but the incentive to nudge service production at the intensive margin is somewhat limited.
Different reactivation procedures enable or prevent episodic memory updating
Authors: Scully Iiona D. , Hupbach Almut 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present study asked whether the specific method of reactivation modulates the impact of new learning on reactivated episodic memories. The study consisted of three sessions that were spaced 48 hr apart. It used an ABAC paradigm that allowed for the simultaneous assessment of retroactive interference (RI: reduced A–B recall after A–C learning) and intrusions from C into A–B recall. In Session 1, participants learned a list of paired‐associates A–B. In Session 2, memory for A–B was reactivated or not and then participants either learned a second list of paired‐associates A–C or completed a control task. Three different reminder conditions were compared to a no‐reminder condition: a test condition, in which participants were asked to recall B in response to A, a restudy condition, in which A–B pairs were presented again for study, and a cue‐word only reminder condition, in which A cues were presented in an unrelated rating task. In Session 3, recall of A–B was tested. Moderate or indirect reactivation of A–B (presentation of cue‐words only) resulted in high RI effects and intrusion rates, whereas strong and direct reactivation (test and restudy) drastically reduced these effects. We suggest that direct reactivation of A–B before A–C learning strengthens memory and draws attention to list differences, thereby enhancing list segregation, and reducing memory updating.
Systemic mastocytosis associated with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis: Report of three cases
Authors: Mimiola Elda , Bomben Riccardo , De Matteis Giovanna , Perbellini Omar , Guglielmelli Paola , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Parisi Alice , Gattei Valter , Zamò Alberto , Mannelli Francesco , García Montero Andrés Celestino , Zanotti Roberta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe association of systemic mastocytosis with another hematologic neoplasia of myeloid or lymphoid origin is recognized as an advanced subvariant of mastocytosis. Here, we report the association of indolent or smoldering systemic mastocytosis with three cases of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis, a recently recognized disease characterized by SF3B1 mutations. The hierarchical pattern of KIT, SF3B1, JAK2, and additional mutations was studied in whole and fractionated subpopulations of peripheral blood cells and whole bone marrow. In two cases, we could demonstrate a multilineage D816V KIT mutation, involving all myeloid lineages in one patient and also the lymphoid series in the other. Two patients displaying both SF3B1 and V617F JAK2 mutations had a very poor prognosis. Another patient bearing SF3B1, but not V617F JAK2 mutation, had a favorable response to erythropoietin treatment and long survival.
Associations between prenatal maternal mental health indices and mother–infant relationship quality 6 to 18 months’ postpartum: A systematic review
Authors: Hazell Raine Karen , Nath Selina , Howard Louise M. , Cockshaw Wendell , Boyce Philip , Sawyer Emily , Thorpe Karen 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMaternal mental disorders can significantly impact on children's psychosocial and psychological development, incurring substantial ongoing economic and personal costs. A key mediating mechanism is mother–infant relationship quality (MIRQ). Research studies and perinatal mental health screening initiatives have predominantly focused on depressive symptoms and perinatal depression as predictors of MIRQ. While maternal depression is associated with suboptimal MIRQ, the findings have not been consistent. Personality characteristics are associated with parenting and proneness to depression, presenting a potential addition to prenatal mental health assessment. We conducted a systematic review of studies that have examined the link between prenatal depressive symptoms and/or personality characteristics with postnatal MIRQ. Our findings suggest that both maternal personality traits and depressive symptoms measured in early pregnancy are associated with postnatal MIRQ. A measure of personality characteristics may enhance prenatal mental health assessment, affording opportunities for targeted intervention commencing in pregnancy to improve MIRQ, parenting, maternal mental health outcomes, and infant psychosocial and psychological development, and thereby contributing to the reduction of human and economic cost burdens.
Implementation of Nepal's education policy in ICT: Examining current practice through an ecological model
Authors: Rana Karna , Greenwood Janinka , Fox‐Turnbull Wendy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEducational policy implementation can be conceptualised in terms of an ecological model that explores roles and relationships within a complex evolving environment. This article draws on an ecological model to examine Nepal's implementation of its policy for information and communication technology in education. The policy is developed by government and mandated to schools, but government does not commit funding to resource infrastructures or train teachers in information and communication technology (ICT) use. Instead, nongovernment organisations (NGOs) have stepped in and provided resources and training. Thus, two separate systems have evolved. This article examines their actions and interactions as components within an ecology. It utilises a methodological approach that involves qualitative case studies of particular rural schools, analysed through interpretive phenomenological analysis and the lens of an ecology model. It reports findings of how a largely symbiotic relationship has evolved that is somewhat successful in meeting immediate needs and examines changes that are developing in the ecology and that may impact on the future of ICT implementation in Nepal. The study contributes to practical understanding of the potentially symbiotic roles of NGOs and government in ICT provision to rural schools in Nepal. It further contributes to ways policy implementation in developing countries may be theorised.
A Rare Mutation in SMAD9 Associated With High Bone Mass Identifies the SMAD-Dependent BMP Signaling Pathway as a Potential Anabolic Target for Osteoporosis
Authors: Gregson Celia L , Bergen Dylan J. M. , Leo Paul , Sessions Richard B , Wheeler Lawrie , Hartley April , Youlten Scott , Croucher Peter I , McInerney-Leo Aideen M , Fraser William , Tang Jonathan CY , Anderson Lisa , Marshall Mhairi , Sergot Leon , Paternoster Lavinia , Davey Smith George ,   The AOGC Consortium, Brown Matthew A , Hammond Chrissy , Kemp John P , Tobias Jon H , Duncan Emma L 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Novel anabolic drug targets are needed to treat osteoporosis. Having established a large national cohort with unexplained high bone mass (HBM), we aimed to identify a novel monogenic cause of HBM and provide insight into a regulatory pathway potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention. We investigated a pedigree with unexplained HBM in whom previous sequencing had excluded known causes of monogenic HBM. Whole exome sequencing identified a rare (minor allele frequency 0.0023), highly evolutionarily conserved missense mutation in SMAD9 (c.65T&gt;C, p.Leu22Pro) segregating with HBM in this autosomal dominant family. The same mutation was identified in another two unrelated individuals both with HBM. In silico protein modeling predicts the mutation severely disrupts the MH1 DNA-binding domain of SMAD9. Affected individuals have bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores +3 to +5, mandible enlargement, a broad frame, torus palatinus/mandibularis, pes planus, increased shoe size, and a tendency to sink when swimming. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurement demonstrates increased trabecular volumetric BMD and increased cortical thickness conferring greater predicted bone strength; bone turnover markers are low/normal. Notably, fractures and nerve compression are not found. Both genome-wide and gene-based association testing involving estimated BMD measured at the heel in 362,924 white British subjects from the UK Biobank Study showed strong associations with SMAD9 (PGWAS = 6 × 10−16; PGENE = 8 × 10−17). Furthermore, we found Smad9 to be highly expressed in both murine cortical bone–derived osteocytes and skeletal elements of zebrafish larvae. Our findings support SMAD9 as a novel HBM gene and a potential novel osteoanabolic target for osteoporosis therapeutics. SMAD9 is thought to inhibit bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-dependent target gene transcription to reduce osteoblast activity. Thus, we hypothesize SMAD9 c.65T&gt;C is a loss-of-function mutation reducing BMP inhibition. Lowering SMAD9 as a potential novel anabolic mechanism for osteoporosis therapeutics warrants further investigation. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mass spectrometry imaging of triglycerides in biological tissues by laser desorption ionization from silicon nanopost arrays
Authors: Fincher Jarod A. , Korte Andrew R. , Dyer Jacqueline E. , Yadavilli Sridevi , Morris Nicholas J. , Jones Derek R. , Shanmugam Victoria K. , Pirlo Russel K. , Vertes Akos 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is used increasingly to simultaneously detect a broad range of biomolecules while mapping their spatial distributions within biological tissue sections. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is recognized as the method‐of‐choice for MSI applications due in part to its broad molecular coverage. In spite of the remarkable advantages offered by MALDI, imaging of neutral lipids, such as triglycerides (TGs), from tissue has remained a significant challenge due to ion suppression of TGs by phospholipids, e.g. phosphatidylcholines (PCs). To help overcome this limitation, silicon nanopost array (NAPA) substrates were introduced to selectively ionize TGs from biological tissue sections. This matrix‐free laser desorption ionization (LDI) platform was previously shown to provide enhanced ionization of certain lipid classes, such as hexosylceramides (HexCers) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) from mouse brain tissue. In this work, we present NAPA as an MSI platform offering enhanced ionization efficiency for TGs from biological tissues relative to MALDI, allowing it to serve as a complement to MALDI‐MSI. Analysis of a standard lipid mixture containing PC(18:1/18:1) and TG(16:0/16:0/16:0) by LDI from NAPA provided an ~49 and ~227‐fold higher signal for TG(16:0/16:0/16:0) relative to MALDI, when analyzed without and with the addition of a sodium acetate, respectively. In contrast, MALDI provided an ~757 and ~295‐fold higher signal for PC(18:1/18:1) compared with NAPA, without and with additional Na+. Averaged signal intensities for TGs from MSI of mouse lung and human skin tissues exhibited an ~105 and ~49‐fold increase, respectively, with LDI from NAPA compared with MALDI. With respect to PCs, MALDI provided an ~2 and ~19‐fold increase in signal intensity for mouse lung and human skin tissues, respectively, when compared with NAPA. The complementary coverage obtained by the two platforms demonstrates the utility of using both techniques to maximize the information obtained from lipid MS or MSI experiments.
Effects of the integration of mixed‐cropping and rice–duck co‐culture on rice yield and soil nutrients in southern China
Authors: Li Meijuan , Li Ronghua , Zhang Jiaen , Wu Tiehang , Liu Shiwei , Hei Zewen , Qiu Shuqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiodiversity‐based agricultural systems can improve production efficiency and sustainability, with fewer negative environmental impacts and lower use of external inputs. Mixed‐cropping and rice‐duck co‐culture have been shown to produce ecological benefits and to have positive effects on paddy soil. However, the effects of a combination of mixed cropping with different rice cultivars and duck co‐culture on soil nutrients availability and grain yields have not been evaluated. A paddy field experiment was carried out over two rice growing seasons to test these effects.RESULTSSeveral combinations of rice cultivars, when integrated with duck co‐culture, significantly increased the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents during the rice growing seasons, as compared to mono‐cropping systems. In mixed‐cropping combined with duck co‐culture (MCDC) systems, the soil alkali‐hydrolyzable nitrogen content ranged from 4.33% to 17.86% higher than that in mono‐cropping systems. Similar increases were found for soil available phosphorus (8.71–15.91%) and soil available potassium (8.65–39.43%) contents. Furthermore, MCDC produced higher grain yields and harvest indexes for both study seasons.CONCLUSIONThe integration of MCDC systems had positive effects on soil nutrient contents of paddy fields, which could, in turn, lead to yield enhancements, as well as additional income for farmers in the form of organic duck meat. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Plastic film mulching stimulates brace root emergence and soil nutrient absorption of maize in an arid environment
Authors: Zhou Lifeng , Feng Hao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoot–shoot ratio plays an important role in mulching effects on increases in maize kernel dry weight and grain yield.RESULTSWe examined the effects of plastic film mulching with fertigation on soil nitrate, soil Olsen‐P, aboveground and belowground growth, grain filling, and yield of maize. The 2‐year research was conducted in a field with a subsoil sand layer (FSS) and in a field without a subsoil sand layer (FNS) in the Hetao Irrigation District, northwest China. Treatments included two levels of plastic film mulching (FM, fully mulched; PM, partially mulched with a cover ratio of 60%), and a non‐mulched (NM) control. Mulching methods significantly increased soil NO3‐N concentrations (SNCs) in the main root zone in FSS, but not in FNS. Mulching significantly increased root length density in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Mulching increased brace roots emergence by 20.2% under full, and by 9.9% under partial mulching, accelerating soil phosphorus use in the surface soil layer. Mulching increased grain yield in spring maize via enhancing base stem diameter, leaf area, and relative chlorophyll content, decreased the ratio of surface root area to leaf area, and improved kernel dry weight increase.CONCLUSIONSA high proportion of base fertilizer to total fertilizer input resulted in nutrient deficiency during reproductive stage in fertigated maize, therefore, applying a portion of base fertilizer after the maize elongation stage is recommended for a further yield increase of mulched fertigated maize. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Emulsification and oxidation stabilities of DAG‐rich algae oil‐in‐water emulsions prepared with the selected emulsifiers
Authors: Chang Hyeon‐Jun , Lee Jeung‐Hee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiacylglycerol (DAG) reduces body weight, suppresses body fat accumulation, and lowers the blood lipid concentration, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can reduce the risk of occurrence of coronary artery diseases.RESULTSDAG‐rich algae oil with a high DHA content (55.9%) was synthesized via the lipase‐catalyzed glycerolysis of algae oil, which consisted of triacylglycerol (43.9 mol%), DAG (40.9 mol%), and monoacylglycerol (15.2 mol%). The DAG‐rich algae oil‐in‐water emulsions were prepared using three emulsifiers [whey protein concentrate (WPC), Tween80, and Tween80 + Span80]. The WPC‐emulsion formed a thicker serum layer (6.67% at day 51) and larger oil droplets (d32, 0.37 μm at day 28) than the Tween80‐ and Tween80 + Span80‐emulsions (3.33–4.17%; 0.26 μm), and an upper cream layer with excess oil droplets was observed in only the WPC‐emulsion, indicating that WPC‐emulsion possesses the lowest emulsification stability. The hydroperoxide value and reduction rate of the DHA content were higher in the WPC‐emulsions than in the Tween80‐ and Tween80 + Span80‐emulsions during storage, which suggested that the WPC‐emulsion had the lowest oxidation stability.CONCLUSIONThe DAG‐rich algae oil‐in‐water emulsion prepared with suitable emulsifiers, such as non‐ionic emulsifiers, would have excellent emulsification and oxidative stabilities and provides a health benefit for special purposes in the food processing industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Polyphenol‐oxidase‐catalyzed cross‐linking of Ara h 2: reaction sites and effect on structure and allergenicity
Authors: Ren Linmei , Wu Zhihua , Zhang Ying , Li Kun , Yuan Juanli , Li Xin , Yang Anshu , Tong Ping , Chen Hongbing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeanut is among the most common of food allergies, and one of its allergens is Ara h 2. A previous study revealed that this allergen was recognized by serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) in over 90% of a peanut‐allergic patient population. Enzymatic cross‐linking is a popular processing method used to tailor food functionality, such as antigenicity.RESULTThe cross‐linking reactions of Ara h 2 were catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and the relevant reaction sites were identified using mass spectrometry and StavroX software. Two pairs of intramolecular cross‐linking peptides and two intermolecular cross‐linking peptides were found. Intramolecular cross‐linking was speculated to occur between ARG131 (amino acids 116–131) and TYR65 (amino acids 63–80) and between TYR60 (amino acids 56–62) and ARG92 (amino acids 92–102); the intermolecular cross‐linking sites were ARG31 with TYR84 or TYR89 and TYR65 or TYR72 with ARG92 or ARG102. Three out of four cross‐linking peptides were found in α‐helices, and destruction of this secondary structure resulted in a loose tertiary structure. Although seven linear allergen epitopes were involved in cross‐linking, the IgE binding capacity of protein changed slightly, while its sensitization potential decreased in mouse model.CONCLUSIONExploring the structural change of Ara h 2 after cross‐linking is beneficial in further understanding the influence of structure on sensitization. This result indicated the future possibility of precision processing on structure of proteins to improve their properties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Depth perception in shuffleboard: Depth cues effect on depth perception in virtual and augmented reality system
Authors: Ping Jiamin , Weng Dongdong , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications have been widely used in a variety of fields; one of the key requirements in a VR or AR system is to understand how users perceive depth in the virtual environment and AR. Three different graphics depth cues are designed in shuffleboard to explore what kind of graphics depth cues are beneficial for depth perception. We also conduct a depth‐matching experiment to compare performance in VR and AR systems using an optical see‐through head‐mounted display (HMD). The result shows that the absolute error increases as the distance becomes farther. Analysis from the inverse of distance shows that box depth cues have a significant effect on depth perception, while the points depth cues and line depth cues have no significant effect. The error in diopter in AR experiment is lower than that in VR experiment. Participants in the AR experiment under medium illuminance condition have less error than those under low and high illuminance conditions. Men have less error than women in certain display conditions, but the advantage disappears when there is a strong depth cue. Besides, there is no significant effect of completion time on depth perception.
Comparative metagenomics of microbial mats from hypersaline lakes at Rottnest Island (WA, Australia), advancing our understanding of the effect of mat community and functional genes on microbialite accretion
Authors: Mendes Monteiro Juliana , Vogwill Ryan , Bischoff Karl , Gleeson Deirdre B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicrobial mats are organosedimentary structures organized as multilayered carpets of microbial communities. Within the microbial mat microenvironment, the occurrence of different metabolic processes can lead to local chemistry alterations, inducing carbonate precipitation. Carbonate accretion in lithifying microbial mats typically induces microbialite formation, a poorly understood process, but studies have suggested that taxonomic composition of lithifying mats and their predominant metabolic pathways contribute. In contrast to lithifying mats, non‐lithifying mats, which do not form microbialites, can sporadically trap carbonate sand grains that are actively bound to the microbial mat through the production of extracellular polymeric substances. Both mat types occur in hypersaline lakes at Rottnest Island (Western Australia) and are currently under threat due to pollution and thus are being managed by the relevant government agency. Characterizing the microbial communities and functional genes of both mat types may help to develop strategies to better manage their ecosystem and elucidate microbialite formation processes. Metagenomics was used to compare the taxonomic and functional diversity of both mat types to determine whether differences in their taxonomy and functional capacity may influence their ability to form microbialites. Results revealed that both mat types harbor taxa (e.g., Firmicutes and Archaea), and functional genes (e.g., associated with photosynthesis, carbon, and sulfur cycles) that are known to play important roles in microbialite formation. This suggests that although non‐lithifying mats are not accreting carbonate, they have the potential to form microbialites. Further investigation is needed to determine whether environmental factors could be inhibiting carbonate precipitation within these mats.