bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Cycling Performance for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by a Laminated 2D g‐C3N4/Graphene Cathode Interlayer
Authors: Qu Long , Liu Pei , Yi Yikun , Wang Tao , Yang Pu , Tian Xiaolu , Li Mingtao , Yang Bolun , Dai Sheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDecay in electrochemical performance resulting from the “shuttle effect” of dissolved lithium polysulfides is one of the biggest obstacles for the realization of practical applications of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. To meet this challenge, a 2D g‐C3N4/graphene sheet composite (g‐C3N4/GS) was fabricated as an interlayer for a sulfur/carbon (S/KB) cathode. It forms a laminated structure of channels to trap polysulfides by physical and chemical interactions. The thin g‐C3N4/GS interlayer significantly suppresses diffusion of the dissolved polysulfide species (Li2Sx; 2<x≤8) from the cathode to the anode, as proven by using an H‐type glass cell divided by a g‐C3N4/GS‐coated separator. The S/KB cathode with the g‐C3N4/GS interlayer (S/KB@C3N4/GS) delivers a discharge capacity of 1191.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles, an increase of more than 90 % compared with an S/KB cathode alone (625.8 mAh g−1). The S/KB@C3N4/GS cathode shows good cycling life, delivering a discharge capacity as high as 612.4 mAh g−1 for 1 C after 1000 cycles. According to XPS results, the anchoring of the g‐C3N4/GS interlayer to Li2Sx can be attributed to a coefficient chemical binding effect of g‐C3N4 and graphene on long‐chain polysulfides. Generally, the improvement in electrochemical performance originates from a coefficient of the enhanced Li+ diffusion coefficient, increased charge transfer, and the weakening of the shuttle effect of the dissolved Li2Sx as a result of the g‐C3N4/GS interlayer.
An EM‐type approach for classification of bivariate MALDI‐MS data and identification of high fertility markers
Authors: Garcia N. L. , Rodrigues‐Motta M. , Belaz K. R. A. , Tata A. , França M. R. , Binelli M. , Eberlin M. N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDairy cows are responsible for a fair amount of gas emissions in the atmosphere (mainly methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide), as well as waste outputs. Therefore, identifying high‐fertility breeding cows and increasing fertility rates can diminish pollution and help minimize the effect of global warming and improve the environmental impact of the farming system. As a step to achieve this goal, changes in the lipid composition of the bovine uterus exposed to greater (LF‐LCL group) or lower (SF‐SCL group) concentrations of progesterone during postovulation were investigated by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Two measurements were made for each cow, and after preprocessing the data, the measurements available to analysis consist of relative intensities at significant 76 mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) values identifying specific ions in the spectra. Due to the small sample size, seven cows in the LF‐LCL group and 10 cows in the SF‐SCL group, the usual methods could not discriminate between groups. A model‐based approach was therefore proposed, and due to the discrete nature of the data, a truncated mixture of bivariate beta distributions was fitted to the data using an expectation–maximization algorithm. However, unlike the usual approach for mixture density estimation problems, to each 76 m/z value, we assign an unobserved label shared by all cows in the same group. The role of these labels is similar to the frailty effect in survival models in which all cows in a given group would share some random effect due to group effect. These labels will be used to identify m/z values, which could potentially account for different fertility rates.
The species dilemma and its potential impact on enforcing wildlife trade laws
Authors: Jacobs Rachel L. , Baker Barry W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe varied answers to the question “What is a species?” provoke more than lively debates in academic circles. They pose practical problems for law enforcement. Commercial wildlife trade threatens many primate species and is regulated through such laws and international agreements as the U.S. Endangered Species Act and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Enforcing legislation relies on the ability to identify when violations occur. Species‐defining characters may not be preserved in wildlife trade items. For example, pelage patterns and behavioral characters (e.g., vocalizations) are absent from skulls. Accordingly, identifying victims of illegal trade can be difficult, which hinders enforcement. Moreover, identifying new species and “splitting” of currently recognized species can result in enforcement lags and regulatory loopholes. Although such negative consequences should not hinder scientific advancement, we suggest that they be considered by primate taxonomists and provide recommendations to prevent unintended conservation consequences.
Contrarians or momentum chasers? Individual investors’ behavior when trading exchange‐traded funds
Authors: Da Dalt Carlo , Feldman David , Garvey Gerald , Westerholm Peter Joakim 
Published: November 2018

Conducting the first study of momentum impact on households’ exchange‐traded fund (ETF) trading behavior, we find that Finnish households are less contrarian when trading benchmark index ETFs than when trading common stocks. Also, their propensity to chase recent positive momentum is higher when purchasing ETFs than when purchasing stocks. As expected, results are stronger for ETF purchases than sales. Our findings are consistent with hypotheses that households are less overconfident trading index ETFs than common stocks, that contrarian behavior is more often rational when trading stocks than when trading ETFs, and that households trade ETFs for the long run.
Geochronology and geochemistry of the Tongcheng ultrapotassic hypabyssal intrusions at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Block, China: Constraints on the geodynamic processes beneath the North China Craton
Authors: Xu Huan , Luo Jin‐hai , Ren Zhan‐li , Chen Guan‐xu , Li Yi‐fei , You Jia 
Published: November 2018

The Tongcheng ultrapotassic rocks intrude in Mesoproterozoic limestones in Chongxin County, Gansu Province, China, at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Block. They are characterized by high K2O and Al2O3 but low SiO2, FeOT, MgO, and CaO. The ultrapotassic rocks are relatively depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, and Hf and enriched in the large‐ion lithophile elements Rb, Ba, and Th. Zircons from the ultrapotassic rocks yield an Early Cretaceous U–Pb age of 120 Ma. The slightly enriched whole‐rock Sr and Nd isotopic compositions ((87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.705–0.706; εNd = −4.9 to −5.2) indicate an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Combined with regional tectonic data, the Tongcheng ultrapotassic rocks were generated in an extensional environment, which were caused by the upwelling of asthenospheric mantle. Subduction of the palaeo‐Pacific Plate in Early Cretaceous resulted in large‐scale lithospheric thinning in the eastern North China Craton (NCC), which may have also occurred in the western part of the NCC, but the scale of thinning was smaller compared with that of the eastern NCC.
Geochronology and geochemistry ofca. 2.48 Ga granitoid gneisses from theYudongzi Complexin the north‐westernYangtze Block,China
Authors: Hui Bo , Dong Yunpeng , Zhang Feifei , Sun Shengsi , Liu Xiaoming , Cheng Chao , He Dengfeng 
Published: November 2018

The Early Precambrian magmatism in the Archean–Palaeoproterozoic basement Yudongzi Complex is critical for understanding the early crustal formation and evolutionary history of the Yangtze Block in the South China Craton. In this paper, combined zircon UPb geochronological, zircon Hf isotopic, and whole‐rock geochemical studies are carried out on the granitoid gneisses from the Yudongzi Complex, north‐western Yangtze Block. The magmatic zircons from the granitoid gneiss yield a UPb upper intercept age of 2,477±18 Ma, interpreted as the crystallization age of the granitoid gneiss. The granitoid gneiss samples are characterized by high Al2O3contents, moderate to high Sr/Y, (La/Yb)Nand Na2O/K2O ratios, no obvious Eu and Sr anomalies, and depleted Nb, Ta, and Ti values that are similar to those of Archean trondhjemite–tonalite–granodiorite (TTG) suites, indicating that the investigated rocks belonging to TTG‐series rocks. They display pronounced enriched‐LREE patterns with high La/Yb values and relatively high Zr/Sm and Eu/Eu* but low Nb/Ta and Dy/Yb ratios, implying that these rocks were formed by partial melting within amphibolite‐facies conditions with mainly residual amphibole, garnet, and accessory rutile in the magma source. These rocks also display apparently low MgO, Mg#, Ni, and Cr contents, suggesting derivation from partial melting of thickened ancient lower crust. Zircon εHf(t) values from the granitoid gneiss sample vary from −10.1 to −6.9 with TDM2ofca. 3.59–3.40 Ga, what demonstrates their crustal source nature as well. Thus, taking all these factors together, we propose that theca. 2.48 Ga granitoid gneisses in the Yudongzi Complex might have been produced by partial melting of ancient crust material under amphibolite‐facies conditions, with primarily residual assemblages of amphibole, garnet, and attached rutile. Taking together our new data and such from previous studies, the Yangtze Block has been probably involved into a significant reworking of ancient crust event during the Early Palaeoproterozoic time.
Lipid transporter Spns2 promotes microglia pro‐inflammatory activation in response to amyloid‐beta peptide
Authors: Zhong Liansheng , Jiang Xue , Zhu Zhihui , Qin Haiyan , Dinkins Michael B. , Kong Ji‐Na , Leanhart Silvia , Wang Rebecca , Elsherbini Ahmed , Bieberich Erhard , Zhao Yujie , Wang Guanghu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and exacerbation of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid that regulates many pathophysiological processes including inflammation. We present evidence here that the spinster homolog 2 (Spns2), a S1P transporter, promotes microglia pro‐inflammatory activation in vitro and in vivo. Spns2 knockout (Spns2KO) in primary cultured microglia resulted in significantly reduced levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and amyloid‐beta peptide 1–42 oligomers (Aβ42) when compared with littermate controls. Fingolimod (FTY720), a S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) functional antagonist and FDA approved drug for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, partially blunted Aβ42‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine generation, suggesting that Spns2 promotes microglia pro‐inflammatory activation through S1P‐signaling. Spns2KO significantly reduced Aβ42‐induced nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activity. S1P increased, while FTY720 dampened, Aβ42‐induced NFκB activity, suggesting that Spns2 activates microglia inflammation through, at least partially, NFκB pathway. Spns2KO mouse brains showed significantly reduced Aβ42‐induced microglia activation/accumulation and reduced levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines when compared with age‐matched controls. More interestingly, Spns2KO ameliorated Aβ42‐induced working memory deficit detected by Y‐Maze. In summary, these results suggest that Spns2 promotes pro‐inflammatory polarization of microglia and may play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis.
Cognitive deficits in mice lacking Nsun5, a cytosine‐5 RNA methyltransferase, with impairment of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Chen Peipei , Li Wei , Sha Sha , Wang Ya , Yuan Zihao , Shen Bin , Chen Ling 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWilliams‐Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a microdeletion disorder with cognitive phenotype. NSUN5 gene, which encodes a cytosine‐5 RNA methyltransferase, is located in WBS deletion locus. To investigate the influence of NSUN5 deletion on cognitive behaviors, we produced single‐gene Nsun5 knockout (Nsun5‐KO) mice. Here, we report that adult Nsun5‐KO mice showed spatial cognitive deficits. Size of the brain and hippocampal structures and the number of CA1 or CA3 pyramidal cells in Nsun5‐KO mice did not differ from WT mice. Basal properties of Schaffer collateral‐CA1 synaptic transmission in Nsun5‐KO mice were unchanged, but NMDA receptor (NMDAr)‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) was not induced. The NMDA‐evoked current in CA1 pyramidal cells was reduced in Nsun5‐KO mice without the changes in expression and phosphorylation of NMDAr subunits NR2A and NR2B. Although the protein level of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 was attenuated in Nsun5‐KO mice, the AMPA‐evoked current was not altered. Hippocampal immuno‐staining showed the selective expression of Nsun5 in NG2 or PDGFRα labeled oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but not in pyramidal cells or astrocytes. Analysis of RT‐PCR determined the Nsun5 expression in purified populations of OPCs rather than neurons or astrocytes. The Nsun5 deficiency led to decreases in the number and neurite outgrowth of OPCs in the hippocampal CA1 and DG, with the decline in NG2 expression and OPCs proliferation. These findings indicate that the Nsun5 deletion suppresses NMDAr activity in neuronal cells probably through the disrupted development and function of OPCs, leading to deficits in NMDAr‐dependent LTP and spatial cognitive abilities.
Differential roles of epigenetic regulators in the survival and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Authors: Egawa Naohiro , Shindo Akihiro , Hikawa Rie , Kinoshita Hisanori , Liang Anna C. , Itoh Kanako , Lok Josephine , Maki Takakuni , Takahashi Ryosuke , Lo Eng H. , Arai Ken 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring development or after brain injury, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate into oligodendrocytes to supplement the number of oligodendrocytes. Although mechanisms of OPC differentiation have been extensively examined, the role of epigenetic regulators, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs), in this process is still mostly unknown. Here, we report the differential roles of epigenetic regulators in OPC differentiation. We prepared primary OPC cultures from neonatal rat cortex. Our cultured OPCs expressed substantial amounts of mRNA for HDAC1, HDAC2, DNMT1, and DNMT3a. mRNA levels of HDAC1 and HDAC2 were both decreased by the time OPCs differentiated into myelin‐basic‐protein expressing oligodendrocytes. However, DNMT1 or DNMT3a mRNA level gradually decreased or increased during the differentiation step, respectively. We then knocked down those regulators in cultured OPCs with siRNA technique before starting OPC differentiation. While HDAC1 knockdown suppressed OPC differentiation, HDAC2 knockdown promoted OPC differentiation. DNMT1 knockdown also suppressed OPC differentiation, but unlike HDAC1/2, DNMT1‐deficient cells showed cell damage during the later phase of OPC differentiation. On the other hand, when OPCs were transfected with siRNA for DNMT3a, the number of OPCs was decreased, indicating that DNMT3a may participate in OPC survival/proliferation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that each epigenetic regulator has different phase‐specific roles in OPC survival and differentiation.
Erroneous blood pressure readings in a patient with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses
Authors: Stein Mark , Mungekar Sagar S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA 15 year old male with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE) developed what appeared to be profound hypotension shortly after induction of anaesthesia. All other clinical parameters, including skin color, breath sounds, heart rate, peripheral pulses, oxygen saturation and end‐tidal carbon dioxide were normal. When the cuff of the automated blood pressure device was removed and reapplied elsewhere, the blood pressure reading was normal. Examination of the original location of the cuff revealed an exostosis on the medial aspect of the proximal humerus, which had prevented the automated blood pressure device from detecting the pulsation of the artery. Had a preoperative examination of the limb been done, it may have resulted in using a different location for blood pressure monitoring, and prevented the erroneous readings. Additional issues of concern to the anaesthetist in patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses are discussed.
One‐lung ventilation in a patient with sickle cell disease
Authors: Francis Katharine , Collins Jonathan , Pigott David 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWe describe the safe management of a patient with sickle cell disease requiring one‐lung ventilation for video‐assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy. Though this technique is associated with a risk of hypoxaemia and, therefore, sickle crisis, our technique resulted in minimal disruption to haemoglobin oxygen saturations and no immediate rise in the sickle haemoglobin fraction. We have found no previous reports of the management of sickle cell disease patients presenting for surgery requiring one‐lung ventilation.
Managing Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in a developing country
Authors: Seenappa Vinayak Pujari , Mungasuvalli Nagaraj Channappa , Abloodu Manjunath Chikkapillappa , Iyer Sadasivan Shanker , Shenoy Bala Krishna 
Published: November 2018

SummaryGlanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder. Patients usually present with easy bruising, epistaxis and prolonged bleeding from minor trauma or procedures. Platelet transfusions are the standard therapy but recombinant activated factor VII has also been used for the treatment of bleeding episodes. We report the successful management of a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia with complex cardiac pathology who presented with a massive gastrointestinal bleed requiring emergency laparotomy. We review the current options for management and highlight the problems faced by the anaesthestist in developing countries due to poor socio‐economic status of patients.
Acute stridor in a child following central venous catheterisation
Authors: Alibhai Moiz , Palmer Vanessa , Kelgeri Nivedita , Ravi Radha 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA 4 month‐old male infant underwent cannulation of the right internal jugular vein as part of anaesthetic management for elective surgery. Postoperatively he developed acute stridor requiring re‐intubation via a rigid bronchoscope. Examination of airway structures showed gross distortion of the peri‐laryngeal structures. We believe that this airway complication occured as a result of fluid and drug extravasation from the central venous catheter.
Delayed fixation of a fractured neck of femur due to the use of dabigatran
Authors: Turnbull Chris , Levy Nicholas , Parsons Samuel 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAn 82‐year‐old lady was receiving dabigatran for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran is a new oral anticoagulant. Following a fall, she suffered a fractured neck of femur and acute‐on‐chronic renal impairment. The profound anticoagulation and delayed clearance of dabigatran led to a significant delay in operative intervention. The challenges posed by patients on such anticoagulants requiring emergency surgery are explored.
Urgent Caesarean section in a patient with a late presenting suspected phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Bartakke Ashish , Ricketts Peter , Thompson Rebekah 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWe report the anaesthetic management of a woman who presented at term with a suspected phaeochromocytoma necessitating urgent Caesarean section. Subsequent histological diagnosis confirmed diffuse adrenal medullary hyperplasia. There is little evidence or consensus regarding the optimal anaesthetic technique for caesarean section in patients with raised catecholamines. Both general [1, 2] and regional [3, 4] anaesthetic techniques have been described. We consider the benefits and drawbacks of both.
Cervical vertebral hyperostosis and difficult direct laryngoscopy in a patient for primary thyroplasty
Authors: Turnbull James , Hughes Owain , Rubin John , Patel Anil 
Published: November 2018

SummaryDiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is a disease typified by calcification of ligamentous structures, predominantly in the spine. In the cervical spine, large congruous osteophyte formation anterior to the vertebral bodies can cause significant changes to airway anatomy. Difficult facemask ventilation, direct laryngoscopy and LMA positioning have all been reported. Primary thyroplasty involves medialisation of an immobile vocal cord in order to improve voice production. An unobstructed view of the vocal cords is important to aid implant insertion but can complicate airway management. We present the case of an elderly patient undergoing primary thyroplasty with cervical vertebral hyperostosis, dysphagia, immobile vocal cord and difficult direct laryngoscopy. This case highlights the intricacies involved when anaesthetising a patient for complex vocal cord surgery with abnormal airway anatomy.
Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome and pheochromocytoma
Authors: Mungasuvalli Nagaraj Channappa , Bevinaguddaiah Yatish , Seenappa Vinayak Pujari , Chikkapillappa Manjunath Abloodu 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome is a cardiac conduction disorder. Management of a patient with WPW syndrome can be compounded when it is associated with pheochromocytoma. We describe the successful perioperative management of a rare case of pheochromocytoma associated with WPW syndrome. We reduced the potential risk of WPW syndrome associated arrythmias by ablation of the aberrant conduction tract prior to surgery.
Focus assessed transthoracic echocardiography and epidural anaesthesia for perioperative management of severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Cortegiani Andrea , Russotto Vincenzo , Cocorullo Giorgia , Genovese Giulia , Raineri Santi Maurizio , Giarratano Antonino 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWe report the case of an 84‐year‐old woman with severe aortic stenosis scheduled for an urgent right hemicolectomy for bleeding. We describe the use of epidural blockade for intra‐operative anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia and focus assessed transthoracic echocardiography as a perioperative haemodynamic monitoring tool. This helped us to evaluate intra‐operative haemodynamic disturbances, optimise preload and to exclude new‐onset segmental cardiac wall motion abnormalities due to myocardial ischaemia.
Kounis syndrome: ST elevation and anaphylaxis
Authors: Gallie Heather 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWe present a case of sudden, dramatic ST elevation followed by profound hypotension at induction of anaesthesia. This was subsequently confirmed as anaphylaxis with acute coronary involvement (Kounis syndrome) by tryptase and troponin assays. This case illustrates the variable presentation of anaphylaxis, the limitations of our current understanding of this condition and the importance of clinical judgment in balancing the management of two pathologies.