bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Trigeminovascular Hypersensitivity Using Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis in a Patient With Chronic Migraine
Authors: Unal‐Cevik Isin , Yilmaz Ezgi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundActivation of peripheral and/or central trigeminovascular pain pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. Small fibers mediate pain, thermal sensation, and autonomic functions. Axon flare response is correlated with local C‐fiber activation and calcitonin gene‐related peptide release. Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) detects very subtle microcirculatory changes that are not visible to the naked eye.CaseAxon flare response was elicited by 0.01 mL intradermal (i.d.) histamine introduced to the left forehead, trigeminal nerve ophthalmic branch (V1) skin area. Skin microvascular blood flow data were recorded using a LASCA real‐time microcirculation imaging system. In the healthy control, prick stimulus slightly elevated focal skin microcirculation only at the stimulated focal area. However, in our patient with chronic migraine, the unilateral prick stimulation transiently (over 10 to 12 seconds) increased ipsilateral skin microcirculation at all 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve, with a slight expansion across the midline. Left V1 stimulation by i.d. histamine induced not only prominent but also long‐lasting (10 to 15 minutes of recording time) axon flare response at the ipsilateral V1, V2, and V3 areas, with an expansion to the contralateral V1 area and without any report of allodynia or hyperalgesia. The treatment decreased axon flare characteristics probably by inhibiting neurogenic inflammation.DiscussionThe clinical characteristics and individual response to treatment vary widely across patients with pain. Here, we demonstrated the presence of transient spread of increased microcirculation at the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve, and also across the midline after prick stimulus, whereas a more prominent, widespread, and long‐lasting histamine‐induced axon flare response occurred in a rare subclass of patient who had chronic migraine with autonomic symptoms. The modulatory effect of the pharmacological intervention has also been objectively quantified by LASCA.
Recurrent herpes labialis in the pediatric population: Prevalence, therapeutic studies, and associated complications
Authors: Ahluwalia Jusleen , Han Allison , Kusari Ayan , Eichenfield Lawrence F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecurrent herpes labialis (RHL) is an incredibly common condition, though the medical literature evaluating pediatric aspects is limited. This paper assesses prevalence and therapeutic studies of pediatric RHL as well as disease complications. A comprehensive literature search of English‐language citations based on PubMed queries of selected terms was performed, with exclusion if methodology was not discussed, or if studies had 10 or fewer patients. RHL prevalence in pediatrics has been assessed by measures of point and periodic prevalence, though methodologic limitations may under‐ or over‐estimate the true prevalence of RHL. Studies have been conducted to evaluate therapeutic safety, tolerability, and efficacy of antivirals in the pediatric population. Pediatric RHL point prevalence ranges from 0.72% to 5.2% depending on the population study and the methodologies used. Pediatric RHL carries a significant public health burden and is often implicated in patients with eczema herpeticum, erythema multiforme, reactive infectious mucositis eruptions, and hypersensitivity reactions. There are few studies that evaluate the rates of occurrence of these sequelae associated with pediatric RHL.
Do soundscape indices predict landscape‐scale restoration outcomes? A comparative study of restored seabird island soundscapes
Authors: Borker Abraham L. , Buxton Rachel T. , Jones Ian L. , Major Heather L. , Williams Jeffrey C. , Tershy Bernie R. , Croll Donald A. 
Published: September 2019

Measuring restoration outcomes is essential, but challenging and expensive, particularly on remote islands. Acoustic recording increases the scale of monitoring inexpensively; however, extracting biological information from large volumes of recordings remains challenging. Soundscape approaches, characterizing communities using acoustic indices, rapidly analyze large acoustic datasets and can be used to compare restoration sites against reference conditions. We tested this approach to measure nocturnal seabird recovery following invasive predator removal in the Aleutian Islands. We used recordings of nocturnal seabird soundscapes from six islands with varied histories of predators, from never invaded (one island) to 9–34 years post‐predator removal (four islands) and currently invaded (one island). We calculated 10 indices of acoustic intensity and complexity, and two pairwise indices of acoustic differences. Three indices reflected patterns of seabird recovery. Acoustic richness (measuring temporal entropy and amplitude) increased with time since predator removal and presence of historical predator refugia (r2 = 0.44). These factors and moonlight accounted for 30% of variation in cumulative spectral difference from the reference island. Over 10% of acoustic richness and temporal entropy was explained by Leach's Storm‐petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) calls. However, indices characterized the soundscape of rat‐invaded Kiska Island like a never invaded island, likely due to high abiotic noise and few seabird calls. Soundscape indices have potential to monitor outcomes of seabird restoration quickly and cheaply, if confounding factors are considered and controlled in experimental design. We suggest soundscape indices become part of the expanding acoustic monitoring toolbox to cost‐effectively measure restoration outcomes at scale and in remote areas.
Quantification of the Improvement of Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Chiller-Based Fuel Recirculation
Authors: Kupecki Jakub , Motylinski Konrad , Szablowski Lukasz , Zurawska Agnieszka , Naumovich Yevgeniy , Szczesniak Arkadiusz , Milewski Jaroslaw 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells operate at high temperature, typically in the range 650–850 °C, utilizing between 50% and 75% of fuel. The remaining fuel can be either burned in a post-combustor located downstream of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) stack or partially recycled. Several of the SOFC-based power systems include recirculation which is used to supply the steam to the fuel processing unit based on steam reforming. In such a system, the recycled stream makes it possible to eliminate the supply of water from the external source. In the same time, recirculation aids in increasing the overall fuel utilization in the power system. As a result the efficiency increases by 5–12% points. The electrochemical reaction in SOFC generates a substantial amount of water by combining the hydrogen molecules with oxygen extracted from the air entering the cathodic compartments. The recycled stream contains water vapor which is circulated in the recycled loop. In the current analysis, the system for recirculation of the anodic off-gas with complete removal of water was proposed and studied. Performance of a planar cell operated with different rates of recycling was studied using the experimental setup with chiller-based recirculation. Quantification of the improvement of the efficiency was based on the analysis of the increase of voltage of cell operated at a given current density. The experimental study demonstrated that the performance of a stand-alone SOFC can be increased by 18–31%. Additionally, the numerical model was proposed to determine the performance in other operating conditions.
Baseline-Free Delamination Identification for Composite Cantilever Beams Based on High-Order Modal Parameters in Approximate Waveform Capacity Dimension
Authors: Shi Binkai , Wang Zijian , Jing Haiquan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBy monitoring the structural vibration and analyzing the modal parameter, hidden damage can be identified at an early stage, preventing abrupt failures for important structural components. However, the modal parameter has exhibited a low sensitivity to the interfacial damage, such as the delamination in the composite beam. In this paper, a signal-processing method is developed to increase the sensitivity of the modal parameter to the delamination. Both the first- and high-order modal parameters are transformed to an approximate waveform capacity dimension (AWCD). Based on the wave peaks of the modal parameters in the AWCD, the start and the end of the delamination can be accurately pinpointed. Since the AWCD method can highlight the delamination-related waveform features of the modal parameters, the delamination can be identified without referring to the baselines. Both analytical and experimental investigations demonstrate that the AWCD method can modify the waveforms of the modal parameters and lead to an accurate identification of the delamination in composite cantilever beams.
PREVENT, safeguarding and the common-sensing of social work in the United Kingdom
Authors: McKendrick David , Finch Jo 
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: The Counter-Terrorism and Security Act (2015) passed in the United Kingdom (UK) made it mandatory for social workers, as well as a wide range of caring professionals, to work within the PREVENT policy, originally introduced in 2002, as one strand of the UK’s overall counter-terrorism policy.METHOD: The paper offers a theoretical account of how complex issues, like terrorism, that understandably impact on the safety and security of countries, are reduced to a series of assertions, claims and panics that centre on the notion of common sense.IMPLICATIONS: We theorise the concept of common sense and argue that such rhetorical devices have become part of the narrative that surrounds the PREVENT agenda in the UK, which co-opts social workers (and other public servants) into an increasingly securitised environment within the state. In other words, the appeal to common sense stifles critical debate, makes it hard to raise concerns and positions debates in a binary manner. We use the example of how there has been a decisive linking of traditional safeguarding social work practice with counter-terrorism activity.CONCLUSIONS: We posit that linkages such as this serve to advance a more closed society, resulting in a “chilling” of free speech, an increase in surveillance and the unchecked advancement of a neoliberal political agenda which promotes economic considerations over issues of social justice. This we argue, has implications for not only the UK, but for other countries where social workers are increasingly being tasked with counter-terrorism activities.
Prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity among urban and rural adolescents: a school-based, cross-sectional study in North India
Authors: Mohan Bishav , Verma Amit , Singh Kavita , Singh Kalpana , Sharma Sarit , Bansal Raahat , Tandon Rohit , Goyal Abhishek , Singh Bhupinder , Chhabra Shibba Takkar , Aslam Naved , Wander Gurpreet Singh , Roy Ambuj , Prabhakaran Dorairaj 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveRecent data on sustained hypertension and obesity among school-going children and adolescents in India are limited. This study evaluates the prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity and their risk factors among urban and rural adolescents in northern India.SettingA school-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in the urban and rural areas of Ludhiana, Punjab, India using standardised measurement tools.ParticipantsA total of 1959 participants aged 11–17 years (urban: 849; rural: 1110) were included in this school-based survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo measure sustained hypertension among school children, two distinct blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded at an interval of 1 week. High BP was defined and classified into three groups as recommended by international guidelines: (1) normal BP: <90th percentile compared with age, sex and height percentile in each age group; (2) prehypertension: BP=90th–95th percentile; and (3) hypertension: BP >95th percentile. The Indian Academy of Pediatrics classification was used to define underweight, normal, overweight and obesity as per the body mass index (BMI) for specific age groups.ResultsThe prevalence of sustained hypertension among rural and urban areas was 5.7% and 8.4%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity in rural and urban school children was 2.7% and 11.0%, respectively. The adjusted multiple regression model found that urban area (relative risk ratio (RRR): 1.7, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.93), hypertension (RRR: 7.4, 95% CI 4.21 to 13.16) and high socioeconomic status (RRR: 38.6, 95% CI 16.54 to 90.22) were significantly associated with an increased risk of obesity. However, self-reported regular physical activity had a protective effect on the risk of obesity among adolescents (RRR: 0.4, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.62). Adolescents who were overweight (RRR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.49 to 4.40) or obese (RRR: 7.21, 95% CI 4.09 to 12.70) and reported added salt intake in their diet (RRR: 4.90, 95% CI 2.83 to 8.48) were at higher risk of hypertension.ConclusionHigh prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity was found among urban school children and adolescents in a northern state in India. Hypertension among adolescents was positively associated with overweight and obesity (high BMI). Prevention and early detection of childhood obesity and high BP should be strengthened to prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults.
Analysis of quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test patterns in patients with complex regional pain syndrome diagnosed using the Budapest criteria
Authors: Lee Ho-Jin , Kim Se Eun , Moon Jee Youn , Shin Je-Young , Kim Yong-Chul 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlthough the quantitative sensory axon reflex test (QSART) is used to evaluate sudomotor dysfunction in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), its validity remains controversial. This study investigated the diagnostic performance of the QSART for CRPS and assessed associations between results of the QSART and other clinical variables.MethodsWe examined the electronic medical records of 196 consecutive patients who underwent the QSART with a suspected diagnosis of CRPS, during the period from January 2013 to December 2015. To assess the diagnostic performance of the QSART for CRPS based on the Budapest research criteria, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio. Furthermore, we performed binary logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationships between QSART results and other clinical variables.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the QSART for diagnosing CRPS were 67.6% and 40.6%, respectively. The OR for diagnosing CRPS using the QSART was not statistically significant (1.43; 95% CI 0.65 to 3.14; p=0.376), whereas it was for distinguishing CRPS types I and II (4.11; 95% CI 1.34 to 12.57; p=0.013). In multivariable analysis, there were no correlations between the results of the QSART and other variables, except hypertension (OR=0.34; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.91; p=0.032).ConclusionThe QSART showed low diagnostic value as a screening or a confirmatory test for CRPS according to the Budapest research criteria. CRPS type II was more likely than CRPS type I to result in abnormal QSART results.
A note on some Bianchi type II spacetimes and their conformal vector fields in f(R) theory of gravity
Authors: Hussain Fiaz , Shabbir Ghulam , Jamal S. , Ramzan Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to find proper conformal vector fields of some Bianchi type II spacetimes in the f[Formula: see text](R[Formula: see text]) theory of gravity using direct integration technique. In this study, seven cases have been discussed. Studying each case in detail, it is shown that the spacetimes under consideration do not admit proper conformal vector fields. Conformal vector fields are either homothetic vector fields or Killing vector fields.
CA-Based Detection of Coherence Exploiting Hardware Trojans
Authors: Hazra Suvadip , Dalui Mamata 
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, Hardware Trojan threats have become inevitable due to the growing complexities of Integrated Circuits (ICs) as well as the current trend of Intellectual Property (IP)-based hardware designs. An adversary can insert a Hardware Trojan during any of its life cycle phases — the design, fabrication or even at manufacturing phase. Once a Trojan is inserted into a system, it can cause an unwanted modification to system functionality which may degrade system performance or sometimes Trojans are implanted with the target to leak secret information. Once Trojans are implanted, they are hard to detect and impossible to remove from the system as they are already fabricated into the chip. In this paper, we propose three stealthy Trojan models which affect the coherence mechanism of Chip Multiprocessors’ (CMPs) cache system by arbitrarily modifying the cache block state which in turn may leave the cache line states as incoherent. We have evaluated the payload of such modeled Trojans and proposed a cellular automaton (CA)-based solution for detection of such Trojans.
A Temperature-Stable Low-Power Wide-Range CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator Design for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sakka Zied , Gargouri Nadia , Samet Mounir 
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a low power temperature compensated CMOS ring oscillator for biomedical applications across a wide temperature range. The proposed circuit deploys an IPTAT (inversely proportional to absolute temperature) bias current by generating an adaptive control voltage in each stage of the oscillator to compensate the overall oscillator’s temperature coefficient (TC). Simulations using TSMC 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology show that this configuration can achieve a frequency variation less than 0.25%, leading to an average frequency drift of 20.83[Formula: see text]ppm/∘C. Monte Carlo simulations have also been performed and demonstrate a 3[Formula: see text] deviation of about 2.15%. The power dissipated by the proposed circuit is only 8.48[Formula: see text]mW at 25∘C.
AN APPROACH BASED ON LANDAUER–BÜTTIKER FORMALISM TO COMPUTE THE ELECTRONIC LOCALIZED STATES AT SURFACE BOUNDARIES
Authors: BELAYADI ADEL 
Published: September 2019

In this contribution, we provide a theoretical model to study the effect of different cutting edges on the appearance of localized electronic states. The system under study is a three-dimensional atomic chain that ends with an open cut forming a semi-infinite structured layer in the (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) directions. We investigate the surface electronic characteristics of the monoatomic chain of a simple cube (sc), orthorhombic (orth), and tetragonal (tetr) structures. We have adopted in our approach the tight-binding approximation to build up the surface Hamiltonian matrix. Additionally, the number of secular equation, at the surface, has been determined by using phase field matching theory (FPMT). In fact, the Hamiltonian system obtained from different cutting orientations provides an inhomogeneous system. To solve the surface eigenvalue problem, we integrate the calculation of the scattering reflection probabilities as given in Landauer–Büttiker formalism. Next, based on the computed scattering probabilities, we build up the surface core states which provide the surface Hamiltonian matrix which can be solved numerically. Our model calculation has been applied to the following elements: (i) fluorite (F), manganese (Mn), polonium (Po), bromine (Br), indium (I), tin (Sn), and protactinium (Pa). The results emphasize the influence of cutting direction on the electronic characteristic of surface and on the scale of energy values. We report the appearance of new electronic curves that characterize the surface states. Those surface states are localized down, within, and above the bulk spectrum. They also provide different characteristic features, of the metals under study, in a given cutting orientation. Furthermore, we have integrated the calculation of non-structured cuts on the outer layers. The relaxation effect on the surface is a standard process which leads to stabilize the changes in the internal energy until the equilibrium. The spacing geometry caused by the relaxation on the surface could be determined by using the molecular dynamic algorithm. We account in this case the lift of degeneracy and the rise of additional localized branches within and outside the bulk range.
Terrain Amplification with Implicit 3D Features
Authors: Paris Axel , Galin Eric , Peytavie Adrien , Guérin Eric , Gain James 
Published: September 2019

While three-dimensional landforms, such as arches and overhangs, occupy a relatively small proportion of most computer-generated landscapes, they are distinctive and dramatic and have an outsize visual impact. Unfortunately, the dominant heightfield representation of terrain precludes such features, and existing in-memory volumetric structures are too memory intensive to handle larger scenes.
In this article, we present a novel memory-optimized paradigm for representing and generating volumetric terrain based on implicit surfaces. We encode feature shapes and terrain geology using construction trees that arrange and combine implicit primitives. The landform primitives themselves are positioned using Poisson sampling, built using open shape grammars guided by stratified erosion and invasion percolation processes, and, finally, queried during polygonization. Users can also interactively author landforms using high-level modeling tools to create or edit the underlying construction trees, with support for iterative cycles of editing and simulation.
We demonstrate that our framework is capable of importing existing large-scale heightfield terrains and amplifying them with such diverse structures as slot canyons, sea arches, stratified cliffs, fields of hoodoos, and complex karst cave networks.
Aspirin Eugenol Ester Reduces H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress of HUVECs via Mitochondria-Lysosome Axis
Authors: Huang Mei-Zhou , Yang Ya-Jun , Liu Xi-Wang , Qin Zhe , Li Jian-Yong 
Published: September 2019

The oxidative stress of vessel endothelium is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disorders. Antioxidative stress drugs are widely used in cardiovascular therapy. Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new pharmaceutical compound synthesized by esterification reaction of aspirin with eugenols and possesses antioxidative activity. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism how AEE protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from H2O2-induced oxidative stress. H2O2 was given to the HUVECs with or without AEE pretreatment. Changes in the oxidative stress-related factors, including those related to the mitochondria-lysosome axis, were determined with Western blotting, cellular immunofluorescence, and enzyme activity test. The results showed that, in the HUVECs, 300 μM H2O2 treatment significantly increased the apoptosis rate, MDA concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of Bax and mature cathepsin D (CTSD), and activity of CTSD and Caspase3 (Cas3) but decreased the expression of Bcl2 and lysosomal membrane stability, while in the HUVECs pretreated with AEE, the above changes caused by either the stimulatory or the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on the relevant factors were significantly reduced. AEE pretreatment significantly enhanced the activity of cellular superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the HUVECs. Our findings suggest that AEE effectively reduced H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the HUVECs via mitochondria-lysosome axis.