bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of cross-sectional imaging in suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Shayah A , Wickstone L , Kershaw E , Agada F 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare neoplasm in the UK. The current gold standard for detection is endoscopic examination under anaesthesia of the nasopharynx with biopsy. Many clinicians are now advocating cross-sectional imaging as the primary investigation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of cross-sectional imaging in detecting nasopharyngeal carcinoma and ultimately to avoid unnecessary biopsy. Material and methods This is a retrospective uncontrolled case series review of patients who were investigated for suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma between 2009 and 2017 at York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. At present, any suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma requires biopsy. Search terms used were ‘endoscopic biopsy of nasopharynx’, ‘endoscopic examination + biopsy nasopharynx’. The main outcome measures are reported histological and radiological features of malignancy. Only patients who had imaging prior to the biopsy were included. Results A total of 144 patients had endoscopic examination under anaesthesia of the nasopharynx with biopsy. Approximately one-third of these patients had cross-sectional imaging before the biopsy. The study revealed that magnetic resonance imaging had 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity; however, the endoscopic examination under anaesthesia and biopsy had only 88% sensitivity. This is due to a negative histological finding despite radiological characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in some patients. However, the specificity was 100%. Conclusion The study supports magnetic resonance imaging as the primary investigation in patients with suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma followed by endoscopic examination under anaesthesia and biopsy in cases with suspicious findings on imaging only.
The effect of time to surgery on outcomes and complication rates following total hip arthroplasty for fractured neck of femur
Authors: Craik J , Geleit R , Hiddema J , Bray E , Hampton R , Railton G , Ward D , Windley J 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Total hip arthroplasty is recommended for elderly patients with fractured neck of femur who are independently mobile, have few co-morbidities and are not cognitively impaired. Providing a daily total hip arthroplasty service is challenging for some units in the UK and considering that these patients may be physiologically distinct from the average hip fracture patient, loss of the best practice tariff as a result of surgical delay may be unjustified. The aim of this study was to determine whether time to surgical intervention for patients eligible for total hip arthroplasty had a negative impact on patient complications, length of stay and functional outcomes. Methods All patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty for fractured neck of femur at our institution over a ten-year period were identified. Complications and functional outcomes were compared between patients receiving total hip arthroplasty before and after 36 hours. Results Of 112 consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, 70 responded to a questionnaire or telephone consultation. Four patients were excluded owing to delayed presentation, the presence of advanced rheumatoid arthritis or a pathological fracture. Two-thirds (64%) of the remaining 66 patients underwent surgery within 36 hours of presentation. There were no significant differences between the groups of patients receiving surgery before or after 36 hours with regard to postoperative length of stay, complications, Oxford hip scores or visual analogue scale scores for state of health. Conclusions Delaying surgery for patients eligible for total hip arthroplasty as per the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines is justified and should not incur loss of the best practice tariff.
Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Tongue Scraper on Oral Levels of Volatile Sulfur Compounds: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Leal Mônica Barbosa , Góes Joelmir da Silva , Dellovo Andrea Gomes , Sao Mateus Carla Rocha , Macedo Guilherme de Oliveira 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) tongue scraper on the volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels. Material and Methods: A randomized, controlled, parallel design was used in this study. Out of the 48 volunteers from Dentistry Department of the Federal University of Sergipe, 40 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): G1 (control), rinsing of distilled water solution (WS); G2, WS and tongue coating removal (TCR) with toothbrush; G3, WS and TCR with a commercial tongue scraper; and G4, WS and TCR with PET tongue scraper. PET bottles were cut with a rectangular shape (1.0 cm wide x 20 cm long) to obtain PET tongue scraper. The VSC measurements were performed before (T0) and immediately after (T1) each therapy by portable sulfide monitor. Data (ppb) were submitted to Wilcoxon test (?=0.05). The differences between T0 and T1 were calculated and percentage values were assigned. Data (percentage) were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (?=0.05). Results: All 40 selected subjects completed the study. All groups reduced significantly the VSC levels after therapy (P<0.01). ANOVA indicated a significant difference among groups (P<0.001). The Tukey test showed that G1 (reduction of 21%) was similar to G2 (31%); G2 was similar to G3 (42%) and different from G4 (52%); G3 and G4 were similar. Conclusion: PET tongue scraper was similar to commercial tongue scraper and provided higher reductions of VSC levels than the toothbrush. KeywordsHalitosis; Polyethylene terephthalates; Sulfur compounds; Tongue.
Biaxial flexural strength of different types of monolithic zirconia
Authors: Nossair Shereen Ahmed , Salah Tarek , Ebeid Kamal Khaled 
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of different types of unshaded and shaded monolithic zirconia. Material and Methods: 120 monolithic zirconia ceramic discs were fabricated. They were divided into twelve groups (n=10), Group 1; Bruxzir unshaded, Group 2; Bruxzir shaded A2, Group 3; Bruxzir anterior white, Group 4; Bruxzir anterior shade A2, Group 5; Prettau unshaded, Group 6; Prettau shaded with A2 coloring liquid, Group 7; Prettau anterior white, Group 8; Prettau anterior shaded with A2 coloring liquid, Group 9; Katana HT white, Group 10; Katana HT shade A2, Group 11; Katana ST white, Group 12; Katana ST shade A2. All discs were milled using a dental milling machine, and had final dimensions after sintering of 15 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness. BFS was tested using piston on three ball technique. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among the 12 groups. Tukey post-hoc tests revealed no significant differences between the groups 3, 4, ,7 ,8 11, and 12. However, they all had BFS values that are significantly lower than all other groups. Group 2 showed statistically significant higher BFS values when compared to group 3,4, 7, 8, 11, and 12 while it showed statistically significant lower values when compared to groups 1, 5, 6, 9, and 10. Conclusion: Increase in the yttria content in zirconia led to a decrease in its BFS. Shading of zirconia did not have a significant effect on the final strength of zirconia. KeywordsDental ceramics; Dental esthetics; Flexural strength; Shaded zirconia.
Hayden White nas páginas de History and Theory. Dois momentos: 1980 e 1998
Authors: Avelar Alexandre De Sá 
Published: March 2019

Ao longo das últimas cinco décadas, o nome de Hayden White sempre esteve associado a importantes debates e disputas historiográficas. A inegável relevância e extensão do seu legado suscitou reações ambíguas, controvérsias variadas e deu origem a uma vasta produção bibliográfica conduzida por seus comentadores e analistas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar dois momentos (1980 e 1998) da recepção do livro Metahistory (1973), obra magna de Hayden White, nas páginas da prestigiosa History and Theory. Esta revista, referência incontornável para o campo da teoria e filosofia da história, teve papel decisivo na estruturação de um conjunto de reflexões e análises sobre a relevância dos pressupostos teóricos contidos no livro seminal de White.
palavras-chave: Hayde White; Metahistory; History and Theory.
Reshaping engineering learning to promote innovative entrepreneurial behavior
Authors: Caten Carla Schwengber ten , Silva Diego Souza , Aguiar Rafael Barbosa , Silva Filho Luiz Carlos Pinto , Huerta Josep Miquel Piqué 
Published: March 2019

Goal: To foster innovative and creative thinking in the curricula of Engineering schools, as well as other technology-based courses, contributing to the innovation ecosystems’ growth and sustainability.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was structured as an exploratory research and was conducted by means of a focus group comprised of representatives from Porto Alegre (RS) working directly with higher education and/or playing key roles within the city’s innovation ecosystem. The group’s discussion was analyzed along with current literature on the topic.
Results: The paper provides insightful perceptions of the obstacles faced by faculty members when attempting to develop innovative methodologies within classes so that potential partnerships are fostered by agents of the innovation ecosystem in order to better prepare professionals that will later be inserted in this new innovative scenario.
Limitations of the investigation: The present study is structured as an exploratory research based on a focus group discussion and analysis. Thus, as any qualitative approach, it might lack generalizability, once its purpose is to investigate a specific phenomenon and promote further investigation on the issue. However, all discussion from the focus group was analyzed and supported by extant literature on the topic, in order to mitigate such limitation and strengthen the research relevance.
Practical implications: The analysis and discussion obtained from both the focus group and literature are imperative on the need of critical changes on universities’ organizational culture to support entrepreneurial activities, as well as fostering partnerships with key agents within innovation ecosystems to better prepare professionals to the new market setting.
Originality/value: Although some studies investigate the relationship involving universities and Science and Technology Parks, few studies explore how engineering schools’ curricula can benefit from such alliances. Additionally, the present study lists a few hurdles faced by professors during the development of active-based practices, as well as alternative possibilities to overcome resistance in traditional courses.
When does it end? Monte Carlo Simulation Applied to Risk Management in Defense Logistics’ Procurement Processes
Authors: Laudares Abel De Castro , Ricco Maria Filomena Fontes , Silveira dos Santos Rodrigo Antônio 
Published: March 2019

Goal: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the application of the Monte Carlo simulation, in comparison with other estimation methodology, in order to verify if it would be possible to apply this tool to improve the risk perception of deadlines during a procurement process for logistical support of defense projects.
Methodology: By means of collected data from 2015 to 2017, a comparison was conducted among deadlines of real procurement processes versus simulated processes with the use of the Monte Carlo simulation.
Results: The performance analysis of the Monte Carlo simulation suggests that it could be possible to apply it to the first phase of risk management in order to improve the risk perception of deadlines during a procurement process for logistical support of defense projects.
Limitations of the investigation: The main limitation of the research relates to the database analyzed, which involved three different modalities of Bidding Processes.
Practical implications: The data from this research reveals that the Monte Carlo simulation can be used as an effective tool for advising the decision maker and, mainly, the managers of internal control about aspects of corporate risk management in public organizations.
Originality/Value: This research presents an original contribution to corporate governance related to risk management, which is not commonly seen in the Brazilian public sector.
What is the ideal scenario for circular economy to occur? A case study of the CircE project
Authors: Fux Hanna 
Published: March 2019

Goal: The circular economy (CE) strategy has risen as an alternative to linear systems, since it can reduce material and human footprint by introducing systemic solutions. However, there is still a huge gap of circularity, once 90% of the world resources which enter the production chain are wasted. In order to fill in this gap, it is necessary to tackle the barriers which prevent the world from implementing and improving circular initiatives. Thus, following this trend, the present work aimed to identify the key conditions for the implementation of CE initiatives, to draw an Ideal Scenario for circular economy to thrive.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The present work consisted of a case study of the CircE project, hence, a qualitative research. The data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews with the representatives of this project, in addition to an analysis of the CircE project documents.
Results: Some of the results found consisted of an overview of the CircE project; key conditions for CE to thrive; and the ideal scenario for Circular Economy to thrive, draw from the analysis of these results.
Limitations of the investigation: Some limitations of the present work consisted of difficulties to access the data due to confidentiality issues of the project researched.
Practical implications: The outcome of the present work, the Ideal Scenario, represented a guideline of the steps that should be taken with stakeholders’ effort, especially the government ones, to encourage the development of circular economy initiatives.
Originality / Value: The CircE project is a recent initiative in the Circular Economy field, hence very relevant to be analyzed, but with no scientific publications yet. In addition, the scientific literature regarding the implementation of CE is limited, most of the existent documents concern reports of organizations. Hence, the present work aims to contribute to the scientific production on the field.
Providing a Model for Ranking Suppliers in the Sustainable Supply Chain Using Cross Efficiency Method in Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Hashemi Tabatabaei Mohammad , Bazrkar Ardeshir 
Published: March 2019

Goals: This research seeks to identify the basic indices of sustainability in three dimensions (economic, social and environmental) in the Iranian automotive industry suppliers by reviewing previous research and ranking the suppliers using a cross efficiency approach. In this paper, the performance and ranking of sustainable supply chain suppliers are evaluated by presenting a secondary objective model in terms of cross efficiency.
Design / Methodology / Approach: In the first step of this research, a preliminary screening of the identified criteria is carried out. the data on the final criteria is collected using a questionnaire. Finally, the evaluation and ranking of suppliers in sustainable supply chain of the automotive industry in Iran is done by the cross-efficiency model presented in this paper.
Results: The results showed that, according to the criteria of the triple profit model (including 3 dimensions, 7 criteria), supplier No. 8 was identified as the most efficient decision maker unit (DMU) among 12 suppliers of Iran Khodro Company.
Limitations of the investigation: The main constraints include the timeliness of information gathering and the lack of cooperation of suppliers in providing information.
Originality / Value: Using the cross efficiency model in data envelopment analysis technique in the field of evaluating supplier performance is a very practical and unrestricted approach.
Circular Economy in higher education ınstitutions: lessons learned from Brazıl-Colombıa network
Authors: Maruyama Úrsula , Sanchez Paloma Martinez , Trigo Aline Guimarães Monteiro , Motta Wladmir Henriques 
Published: March 2019

Goal: this paper goal is presenting sustainability experiences using Life Cycle Assessment perspective in two Latin America higher education institutions (HEI). What similarities do these HEI have in common regarding sustainability? What are the major challenges they face? In which way is Circular Economy effective on university campuses? Since universities face challenges posed by a changing and competitive environment, there ought to be sustainable management that is more appropriate to higher education institutions’ real environment, which is characterized by complexity, paradoxes, ambiguities, and conflicts.
Methodology/Approach: Multiple Case Study. A resilience threshold of global ecosystem should be considered. Ecosystem dynamics require effort in mapping its functions.
Results: the results considered that the difference between environmental approach failure and success lies in knowing how to realign their strategic plans.
Limitations of the investigation: comparing private and public HEI and different levels of education (technical, undergraduate and graduate courses).
Practical implication: the practical implication leads to an understanding that Circular Economy in HEI can be perceived as a guideline to innovation towards a more sustainable economy.
Originality/value: the originality/value of this work is the ability of enabling scientists to empathize with both Brazıl and Colombia’s LCA perspectives in HEI.
Brainstem anaesthesia after retrobulbar block
Authors: Kostadinov Ivan , Hostnik Andrej , Cvenkel Barbara , Potočnik Iztok 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Regional anaesthesia techniques in ophthalmology are usually utilized for day case surgery. During various procedures, profound akinesia of the eye and anaesthesia of the surgical site are required, both of which are achieved with retrobulbar block. Due to the anatomy of the eye, life-threatening complications are possible. An 82-year-old female with secondary post-herpetic uveitic glaucoma of the right eye presented at the Department of Ophthalmology for an elective trans-scleral laser cyclophotocoagulation. She was given a retrobulbar block to the right eye with 2 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 2 mL of 2% lidocaine. The procedure was technically performed without any issues. 2-3 minutes after the injection she became lethargic and 5 minutes later she lost consciousness and developed severe hypotension with bradycardia and respiratory arrest. She was successfully intubated and resuscitated, using mechanical ventilation, vasoactive medications, fluid therapy and intravenous lipid emulsion. There are three mechanisms for local anaesthetic (LA) to reach the central nervous system after a retrobulbar block: systemic absorption of LA, direct intra-arterial injection and retrograde flow into the cerebral circulation, and injecting LA into the subdural space via puncturing the dural optic nerve sheath, the latter being most common. The clinical picture of our patient was very consistent with subdural anaesthesia after exposure of the pons, midbrain and cranial nerves to LA, i.e. brainstem anaesthesia. Following appropriate life support measures taken in our case, there was a successful outcome. To minimize the chance for brainstem anaesthesia after retrobulbar block, we recommend low volume with low concentration of LA and block performance by an experienced ophthalmologist or anaesthesiologist with proper technique. Patients receiving retrobulbar anaesthesia should be carefully monitored at least 20 minutes after the block. Life support equipment should be available before performing retrobulbar block.
A comparative investigation of metadiscourse in English and Persian architectural research articles
Authors: Ariannejad Aida , Vanci Osam Ulker , Yigitoglu Nur 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The present article reports a comparative study of interactional metadiscourse markers in English and Persian research articles. Drawing on Hyland’s (2005) interpersonal model of metadiscourse, this study investigates the employment of “hedges”, “boosters”, and “attitude markers” in a corpus composed of the post-method sections of 100 research articles (50 English and 50 Persian) in the field of architecture. Overall, it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the frequencies of hedges, boosters, and attitude markers used in English and Persian sub-corpora. Yet, the linguistic and functional analyses unveiled some basic similarities between the two languages in their epistemic metadiscourse strategies. The findings provide deep insights into the rhetorical conventions and norms in architectural articles and offer a broader perspective towards discoursing patterns and persuasion strategies of English and Iranian academic writers in this field.
Frequency effects and markedness in phonotactics
Authors: Orzechowska Paula , Zydorowicz Paulina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we take up the challenge of exploring the relationship between markedness and frequency in phonotactics. The study is based on word-initial and word-final consonant clusters in Polish and English. The aim of this study is threefold. First, we establish logarithmic frequencies for word-initial and final consonant clusters compiled from two resources, a dictionary (or paradigm) and a written corpus. Second, we examine the preferability status of clusters in three frequency bands (high, mid, low) in terms of two phonotactic principles, i.e. sonority and Net Auditory Distance. Finally, we test the correlations between degrees of markedness and frequency. The present paper extends our previous studies on comparative Polish–English phonotactics, where markedness and frequency constitute the core of the analysis. The study shows that there is no relationship between cluster markedness and its frequency. As to frequencies, Polish and English differ from each other with respect to the distribution of clusters in the dictionary list, while the disproportions are neutralized in usage.