bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty and inequality in Latin America’s research agenda: A bibliometric review
Authors: Amarante Verónica , Brun Martín , Rossel Cecilia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMotivationHow is research on social issues shaped in Latin America? How much attention do researchers give to poverty and inequality? What is the focus of research on these issues?PurposeThe paper aims to analyse the main patterns of academic publications on poverty and inequality in Latin America.Approach and methodsA bibliometric analysis based on different sources is used to review the main trends of publications on poverty and inequality in the region between 1990 and 2014.FindingsWe find that although Latin America is widely recognized as one of the most unequal regions worldwide, poverty—not inequality—has been at the centre of the region’s research agendas for many years. We detect a gradual shift in research from poverty to inequality, both in the academic literature and in the publications of international organizations.Policy implicationsThese findings provide new elements to better understand how and why researchers choose certain topics over others. This understanding is important both to gain knowledge on what researchers are prioritizing, and to shed light on the relationship between those priorities and public policies to combat poverty and inequality.
Decreased glucocorticoid receptor expression during critical illness
Authors: Vassiliou Alice G. , Floros Georgios , Jahaj Edison , Stamogiannos Georgios , Gennimata Sofianna , Vassiliadi Dimitra A. , Tsagarakis Stylianos , Tzanela Marinella , Ilias Ioannis , Orfanos Stylianos E. , Kotanidou Anastasia , Dimopoulou Ioanna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn critically ill patients, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis is activated, resulting in increased serum cortisol concentrations. However, in some patients, especially those with sepsis, cortisol levels are relatively low for the degree of illness severity. Therefore, in the present project, we aim to characterize the time course of glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) alpha and beta expression in peripheral polymorphonuclear cells of critically ill septic or nonseptic patients using real‐time PCR.DesignA prospective observational study conducted on 32 critically ill adults not receiving steroids, in a university‐affiliated, multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU). Blood samples were collected for measurement of glucocorticoid receptor expression within 24‐48 hours of admission to the ICU and at days 4, 8 and 13 after admission, reflecting the acute and chronic phase of the illness.ResultsDuring ICU stay, patients expressed over time reduced levels of both GCR‐α and GCR‐β mRNA. More specifically, GCR‐α mRNA expression was decreased fourfold 4 days after admission (P < 0.0001) and remained low up to 2 weeks after admission (P < 0.001). On the other hand, GCR‐β mRNA levels remained stable shortly after admission, but approx. one week after admission, its levels decreased threefold (P < 0.01) and remained reduced up to 2 weeks after admission (P < 0.001).DiscussionOur results suggest that critically ill patients have highly variable expression of alpha and beta GCR, and moreover, the levels of both receptors decrease during ICU stay. Taken together, these might explain the differential responsiveness of patients to exogenous steroid administration or to endogenous cortisol secretion.
Spatio‐temporal dynamics of density‐dependent dispersal during a population colonisation
Authors: De Bona Sebastiano , Bruneaux Matthieu , Lee Alex E. G. , Reznick David N. , Bentzen Paul , López‐Sepulcre Andrés 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPredicting population colonisations requires understanding how spatio‐temporal changes in density affect dispersal. Density can inform on fitness prospects, acting as a cue for either habitat quality, or competition over resources. However, when escaping competition, high local density should only increase emigration if lower‐density patches are available elsewhere. Few empirical studies on dispersal have considered the effects of density at the local and landscape scale simultaneously. To explore this, we analyze 5 years of individual‐based data from an experimental introduction of wild guppies Poecilia reticulata. Natal dispersal showed a decrease in local density dependence as density at the landscape level increased. Landscape density did not affect dispersal among adults, but local density‐dependent dispersal switched from negative (conspecific attraction) to positive (conspecific avoidance), as the colonisation progressed. This study demonstrates that densities at various scales interact to determine dispersal, and suggests that dispersal trade‐offs differ across life stages.
Elevational differentiation accelerates trait evolution but not speciation rates in Amazonian birds
Authors: Luzuriaga‐Aveiga Vanessa E. , Weir Jason T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe importance of ecologically mediated divergent selection in accelerating trait evolution has been poorly studied in the most species‐rich biome of the planet, the continental Neotropics. We performed macroevolutionary analyses of trait divergence and diversification rates across closely related pairs of Andean and Amazonian passerine birds, to assess whether the difference in elevational range separating species pairs – a proxy for the degree of ecological divergence – influences the speed of trait evolution and diversification rates. We found that elevational differentiation is associated with faster divergence of song frequency, a trait important for pre‐mating isolation, and several morphological traits, which may contribute to extrinsic post‐mating isolation. However, elevational differentiation did not increase recent speciation rates, possibly due to early bursts of diversification during the uplift of the eastern Andes followed by a slow‐down in speciation rate. Our results suggest that ecological differentiation may speed up trait evolution, but not diversification of Neotropical birds.
Acquired neuromyotonia in thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis: a clinical and serological study
Authors: Gastaldi M. , De Rosa A. , Maestri M. , Zardini E. , Scaranzin S. , Guida M. , Borrelli P. , Ferraro O. E. , Lampasona V. , Furlan R. , Irani S. R. , Waters P. , Lang B. , Vincent A. , Marchioni E. , Ricciardi R. , Franciotta D. 
Published: February 2019

Background and purposeAcquired neuromyotonia can occur in patients with thymoma, alone or in association with myasthenia gravis (MG), but the clinical prognostic significance of such comorbidity is largely unknown. The clinico‐pathological features were investigated along with the occurrence of neuromyotonia as predictors of tumour recurrence in patients with thymoma‐associated myasthenia.MethodsA total number of 268 patients with thymomatous MG were studied retrospectively. Patients with symptoms of spontaneous muscle overactivity were selected for autoantibody testing using immunohistology for neuronal cell‐surface proteins and cell‐based assays for contactin‐associated protein 2 (CASPR2), leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), glycine receptor and Netrin‐1 receptor antibodies. Neuromyotonia was diagnosed according to the presence of typical electromyography abnormalities and/or autoantibodies against LGI1/CASPR2.ResultsOverall, 33/268 (12%) MG patients had a thymoma recurrence. Five/268 (2%) had neuromyotonia, four with typical autoantibodies, including LGI1 (n = 1), CASPR2 (n = 1) or both (n = 2). Three patients had Netrin‐1 receptor antibodies, two with neuromyotonia and concomitant CASPR2+LGI1 antibodies and one with spontaneous muscle overactivity without electromyography evidence of neuromyotonia. Thymoma recurrence was more frequent in those with (4/5, 80%) than in those without (28/263, 10%, P < 0.001) neuromyotonia. Neuromyotonia preceded the recurrence in 4/5 patients. In univariate analysis, predictors of thymoma recurrence were age at thymectomy [odds ratio (OR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–0.97], Masaoka stage ≥IIb (OR 10.73, 95% CI 2.38–48.36) and neuromyotonia (OR 41.78, 95% CI 4.71–370.58).ConclusionsDe novo occurrence of neuromyotonia in MG patients with previous thymomas is a rare event and may herald tumour recurrence. Neuronal autoantibodies can be helpful to assess the diagnosis. These observations provide pragmatic risk stratification for tumour vigilance in patients with thymomatous MG.
Ecumenical Theology of Hope for the Common Oikos and the Greed Line as Principle of Sustainability
Authors: Andrianos Louk A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe word oikos stems from the Greek, meaning the dwelling place of the human family and the concept of the wider household. Depending on the scale, oikos might be defined locally or globally. In this essay, our common oikos refers to the whole earth, whose sustainability is scientifically recognized as threatened by human greed. The issues of climate change, water crisis, loss of biodiversity, and many other sustainability problems are real challenges that cannot be solved by politics and technology alone. Ecumenical theology can help by catalyzing societal change with active hope. This paper develops the understanding of the ecumenical theology of oikos and extends reflection to a practical ecotheology of greed‐line practice as a principle of sustainability – the greed index. It advocates for the resolute mode of hoping for the oikos and calls everyone to share this hope through ecumenical diakonia for the sake of creation.
Digital energy grade‐based approach for crack path prediction based on 2D X‐ray CT images of geomaterials
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Zhou Xiao‐Ping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCracking is an important phenomenon in the failure of geomaterials. The prediction of crack paths is difficult and challenging because of the randomness and uncertainty in the cracking behaviors of geomaterials. In this paper, to predict crack paths based on 2D X‐ray computed tomography (CT) images, a digital energy grade‐based approach is proposed, and the corresponding energy principle is established. Excellent consistency of crack paths is found between the predicted crack path and the real crack path of the specimen. The numerical results indicate that the proposed approach provides a useful way to predict cracking paths in geomaterials. Meanwhile, the stress and displacement fields before and after the specimen fails can be obtained by combining the proposed method with finite element (FE) analysis. In total, this proposed method can be applied not only to monitoring the health of but also to the stability analysis of engineering structures during engineering activities.
High variability of teicoplanin concentration in patients with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration
Authors: Lim Seung K. , Lee Sun A. , Kim Cheol‐W. , Kang Eunjeong , Choi Young H. , Park Inwhee 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) may alter teicoplanin pharmacokinetics and increase the risk of incorrect dosing. The objective of this prospective observational study was to assess the effect of CVVHDF on the pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin as maintenance therapy.Methods: Blood, urine, and dialysate samples were collected to measure teicoplanin levels. CVVHDF clearance (CLCVVHDF), total clearance (CLTOTAL), and volume of distribution (Vd) were calculated by simplex‐linear modeling. The influence of CVVHDF dose on teicoplanin pharmacokinetics was assessed.Findings: Ten samples from eight patients were studied. Creatinine clearance was 3.4 ± 5.1 ml/min/1.73 m2. Three patients were anuria. The dose for CVVHDF was 32.1 ± 7.0 mL/kg/h. Vd was 1.6 ± 0.7 L/kg. T1/2 was 100.1 ± 42.7 hours. CLTOTAL of teicoplanin was 11.9 ± 5.4 mL/min and CLCVVHDF was 5.8 ± 4.2 mL/min. Contribution of CLCVVHDF to CLTOTAL was 51.2% ± 23.6%. CLCVVHDF of individual teicoplanin varied widely. Large intra‐occasion differences were also observed. Dose of CLCVVHDF did not influence overall CLTOTAL, Vd, or half‐life. The proportion of CLTOTAL due to CLCVVHDF varied widely. It was high in some cases.Discussion: In patients receiving CVVHDF, there is great variability in teicoplanin pharmacokinetics which complicates empiric approach to dosing, suggesting the need for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Intellectual leadership and academic communities: Issues for discussion and research
Authors: Oleksiyenko Anatoly , Ruan Nian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper re‐examines intellectual leadership in Higher Education by asking the following questions: What is intellectual leadership? Does intellectual leadership imply a position of formal authority and power? What patterns can be observed in the career paths of intellectual leaders? Does cumulative advantage in science automatically pave the way for intellectual leadership? What hinders women and minority scholars from taking on intellectual leadership in their epistemic communities? Drawing on discussions in the literature of the previous decade, the inquiry aims to re‐energise dialogue that is essential for resistance to anti‐intellectualism and proletarianisation in academe.
An Australian community jury to consider case‐finding for dementia: Differences between informed community preferences and general practice guidelines
Authors: Thomas Rae , Sims Rebecca , Beller Elaine , Scott Anna Mae , Doust Jenny , Le Couteur David , Pond Dimity , Loy Clement , Forlini Cynthia , Glasziou Paul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCase‐finding for dementia is practised by general practitioners (GPs) in Australia but without an awareness of community preferences. We explored the values and preferences of informed community members around case‐finding for dementia in Australian general practice.Design, setting and participantsA before and after, mixed‐methods study in Gold Coast, Australia, with ten community members aged 50‐70.InterventionA 2‐day citizen/community jury. Participants were informed by experts about dementia, the potential harms and benefits of case‐finding, and ethical considerations.Primary and secondary outcomesWe asked participants, “Should the health system encourage GPs to practice ‘case‐finding’ of dementia in people older than 50?” Case‐finding was defined as a GP initiating testing for dementia when the patient is unaware of symptoms. We also assessed changes in participant comprehension/knowledge, attitudes towards dementia and participants’ own intentions to undergo case‐finding for dementia if it were suggested.ResultsParticipants voted unanimously against case‐finding for dementia, citing a lack of effective treatments, potential for harm to patients and potential financial incentives. However, they recognized that case‐finding was currently practised by Australian GPs and recommended specific changes to the guidelines. Participants increased their comprehension/knowledge of dementia, their attitude towards case‐finding became less positive, and their intentions to be tested themselves decreased.ConclusionOnce informed, community jury participants did not agree case‐finding for dementia should be conducted by GPs. Yet their personal intentions to accept case‐finding varied. If case‐finding for dementia is recommended in the guidelines, then shared decision making is essential.
An improved determination method for tyramine in foods using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with benzylamine as internal standard
Authors: Zhang Huixiang , Yin Chunli , Xu Leon , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Xu Zhimin 
Published: February 2019

SummaryTyramine has been considered a biological hazard for foods and beverages. In this study, an ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) with benzylamine as an internal standard in dansyl chloride pre‐column derivatisation was developed to determine tyramine in various foods. Different from other tyramine determination methods usually without an internal standard in the pre‐column derivatisation, benzylamine which chemical structure is similar to tyramine was selected as an internal standard. The limits of detection and quantification of this method were 0.05 and 0.25 mg L−1, respectively, while the relative standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility were 2.1% and 3.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and reliability of this method were also evaluated by determining tyramine in common liquid, pasty and solid foods. The recoveries of tyramine in these foods were between 87.3% and 96.8% by using this method. Overall, it is a fast, inexpensive, reliable and sensitive method to measure tyramine in different food products.
Electric field tuning of magnetization in an antiferroelectric‐based heterostructure: Example of NMG/PLZST/NMG
Authors: Han Liuyang , Ponchel Freddy , Tiercelin Nicolas , Rémiens Denis , Lasri Tuami , Pernod Philippe , Wang Genshui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructure was fabricated by depositing a Ni‐Mn‐Ga (NMG) magnetic film on an antiferroelectric (AFE) PLZST—(Pb, La)(Zr, Sn, Ti)O3—ceramic substrate. Significant and reversible electric field‐induced relative magnetization changes (∆M/M0) were firstly observed in this magnetic/AFE heterostructure, and the ∆M/M0 vs electric field loops have been found to correspond well with the strain‐electric field curve of PLZST ceramic. The maximum ∆M/M0 variation can reach 15%, indicating an obvious strain‐mediated converse magnetoelectric (CME) effect. A maximum CME coefficient of 1.14 × 10‐9 s/m was obtained at the switching electric fields of PLZST. The collected results suggest that AFE materials with a large electric‐field‐induced phase transition strain could be alternative candidates in ME coupling heterostructures.
Photoluminescent and scintillant properties of highly transparent [(Y1‐xGdx)0.99Dy0.01]2O3 (x = 0 and 0.4) ceramics
Authors: Lu Bin , Sun Zhigang , Wang Xinyuan , Chen Hongbing , Sakka Yoshio , Li Ji‐Guang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh‐optical‐quality ternary [(Y1‐xGdx)0.99Dy0.01]2O3 (x = 0 and 0.4) ceramics were successfully fabricated by vacuum sintering with in‐line transmittances of 71.4%‐75.1% at 574 nm, the wavelength of Dy3+ emission (the 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transition). Substitution of Gd3+ for Y3+ significantly affected the photoluminescent and scintillant properties of the ceramics. Gd3+ addition effectively increased lattice parameters and theoretical densities of the ceramic samples; this contributed to enhanced X‐ray absorption coefficients. Both [(Y1‐xGdx)0.99Dy0.01]2O3 (x = 0 and 0.4) ceramics displayed typical Dy3+ emissions from 4F9/2 → 6HJ (J = 15/2, 13/2, 11/2) transitions under UV and X‐ray irradiations. By incorporating Gd3+ into the lattice, a stronger excitation peak of Gd3+ due to internal f‐f transitions relative to Dy3+ was observed at 276 nm; subsequent ceramics obtained a sharper PL intensity and a warmer hue via effective energy transfer from Gd3+ to Dy3+. Using a Gd3+ dopant generally reduces the total photoluminescence/photoluminescence excitation intensities and light output; it also delays the lifetime and afterglow of the transparent ceramics.
A mixed‐methods, randomized controlled feasibility trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) plus Standard Care (SC) versus SC alone for DSM‐5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Karatzias Thanos , Brown Michael , Taggart Laurence , Truesdale Maria , Sirisena Chammy , Walley Robert , Mason‐Roberts Susan , Bradley Aoife , Paterson Douglas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the results of the first randomized feasibility trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) plus Standard Care (SC) versus SC alone for DSM‐5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodA total of 29 participants were randomized to either to EMDR + SC (n = 15) or SC (n = 14). Participants completed measures on traumatic stress (PCL‐C) and comorbid distress at baseline, 1 week post‐treatment and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsIn the EMDR + SC group, 9 (60%) participants at post‐treatment and 7 (47%) participants at 3‐month follow‐up were diagnosis free. In SC, 4 (27%) at post‐treatment and follow‐up were diagnosis free. At post‐treatment, three participants (20%) dropped out from the EMDR + SC group, and 1 (7%) dropped out from the SC group.ConclusionsIt is feasible, acceptable and potentially effective to deliver EMDR in this population group.
Supporting children of parents with intellectual disability: A scoping review
Authors: Gudkova Tatiana , Hedlund Marianne , Midjo Turid 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundParents with intellectual disability live normal lives and have children, but many of them lose custody of their children. However, little is known about the support, if any, that these children receive. Here, the present authors review the literature on the help and support given to children of parents with intellectual disability.MethodA scoping review of peer‐reviewed and grey literature was conducted, covering 1997 to November 2017.ResultsThirteen publications were identified. The children benefited from help and support received through informal networks. They also benefited from formal support if it focused on the children's needs and interests.ConclusionsThe review shows that even though support from informal networks might be an influential factor in supporting children, there is a need for more research addressing the formal support these children receive and how they benefit from it.
Inhibition of pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics by α‐Mangostin: Molecular mechanisms involving Sonic hedgehog and Nanog
Authors: Ma Yiming , Yu Wei , Shrivastava Anju , Srivastava Rakesh K. , Shankar Sharmila 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe current investigation was intended to elucidate the molecular mechanism of α‐Mangostin in the regulation of pancreatic cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. Here, we demonstrate that α‐Mangostin inhibited cell proliferation in pancreatic CSCs and cancer cell lines while it showed no effect on human pancreatic normal ductal epithelial cells. Also, α‐Mangostin inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis in these cells. Further, α‐Mangostin inhibited the self‐renewal capacity of CSCs isolated from human primary tumours and KrasG12D mice. Furthermore, α‐Mangostin inhibited the invasive and metastatic ability of pancreatic CSCs by suppressing the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) via up‐regulation of E‐cadherin and down‐regulation of mesenchymal phenotype by inhibiting N‐cadherin, Snail and Slug expression. Interestingly, the pluripotency maintaining factors and CSC markers were inhibited by α‐Mangostin thus suggesting that α‐Mangostin can target CSCs to inhibit pancreatic cancer effectively. Gli signalling plays a crucial role in the self‐renewal and pluripotency of CSCs. α‐Mangostin inhibited the Gli transcription and the expression of Gli target genes (Nanog, Oct4, c‐Myc, Sox‐2 and KLF4) in CSCs. Using ChIP assay, we demonstrated that Nanog could directly bind to promoters of Cdk2, Cdk6, FGF4, c‐Myc and α‐Mangostin inhibited Nanog binding to these promoters. Conversely, the inhibitory effects of the α‐Mangostin on CSC proliferation and Gli or Nanog transcription and their targets were abrogated by either enforced activation of sonic hedgehog (Shh) or by the overexpression of Nanog. Taken together, our studies suggest that α‐Mangostin may act as Gli inhibitor and establishes the pre‐clinical significance of α‐Mangostin for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.