bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MECHANISM OF VERTICAL POSTURE FORMATION AND PARAMETERS OF SAGITTAL SPINOPELVIC BALANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN AND SCIATICA
Authors: Prodan Aleksandr Ivanovich , Radchenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Khvisyuk Aleksey Nikolayevich , Kutsenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich 
Published: January 2019

Objective.To study parameters of sagittal spinopelvic balance in patients with chronic low back pain and sciatica, and mechanism of vertical posture formation in a sagittal plane.Material and Methods.Total of 100 patients (32 female and 68 male, mean age 38.7 years) with chronic low back pain and sciatica underwent clinical and radiological examinations. Pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), and global lumbar lordosis (GLL) were measured on lateral standing radiograms. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed.Results.The mean value of PI (50.7°) in patients with back pain and sciatica and in healthy volunteers was almost equal, while SS and GLL were significantly lower in patients, and PT – higher, than those in volunteers. Number of patients with PI ≤ 35 was significantly higher than that of volunteers. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between GLL and PI was 0.916, between GLL and SS – 0.902, and between GLL and PT – 0.326. Vertical posture in patients with chronic low back pain and lumbar sciatica is characterised by backward pelvic rotation relative to hip and by hypolordotic shape of the lumbar spine.Conclusion.Vertical posture in patients with low back pain and sciatica is determined by a backward rotation of the pelvis, therefore SS and GLL decrease, and PT increases. A prevalence of extremely low values of PI (≤35°) may be considered as a risk factor for lumbar spine degenerative diease. Alteration of vertical posture is a kind of protective mechanism.
Reaganomics: A Watershed Moment on the Road to Trumpism
Authors: Komlos John 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The socio-economic impact of Reaganomics and its long-run deleterious legacy is documented. The empirical evidence indicates that the tax cuts of 1981 and 1986 failed to have an effect on economic growth. GDP did snap back to its potential but did not accelerate beyond the rates achieved in prior or subsequent decades. The supposed incentives of supply-side economics failed to materialize. People did not work more, they did not save or invest more than they did before, and the benefits trickled down like molasses and got stuck at the very top of the income distribution. Reagan’s presidency was a watershed in US economic development in the sense that it reversed many of the accomplishments of the New Deal and inaugurated an era in which low-skilled men’s wages began a long period of decline. His true legacy is a dual economy that accompanied the hollowing out of the middle class, a more business-friendly regulatory framework for Wall Street that ultimately led to the financial crisis, a stupendous increase in the national debt from 30% to 50% of GDP that put it on a path such that by 2012 it exceeded 100%, anti-statism that contributed to the rise of Trumpism, a remarkable rise in inequality that gave rise to an oligarchy, and the neglect of blue-collar workers who eventually became Hillary Clinton’s “deplorables.” Reagan put the economy on a trajectory that ultimately, even if not inevitably, led to the triumph of Trumpism and an economy of malaise [Johnston, David Cay, 2018. It’s Even Worse Than You Think: What the Trump Administration Is Doing to America. New York: Simon & Schuster.].
Changing orientations to heritage language: The practice-based ideology of Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora families
Authors: Canagarajah Suresh 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The notion of heritage language (HL) has recently been challenged by emerging orientations to language. That languages are always in contact, they are constructed by ideologies, and they don’t have an ontological status challenge traditional notions of HL as primordial, pure, and territorialized. In this article, I draw from data from a qualitative inquiry adopting observations, surveys, and interviews on how families of the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora community in UK, USA, and Canada define heritage language and competence. I focus specifically on interview data to unveil the language ideologies of community members relating to heritage language and identity. For them, competence means having the ability to align Tamil verbal resources strategically with multimodal semiotic resources and spatial repertoires to accomplish social and cultural communicative activities. For this objective, being proficient in fragmentary verbal resources, receptive and/or conversational skills, low diglossic Tamil, and informal register are deemed satisfactory. Therefore the corpus that is considered as HL is also changing in diaspora contexts to accommodate appropriations from other languages, and metonymic uses, which develop shared indexicality for the community. I label these assumptions as constituting a practice-based ideology of HL. Such an orientation will help us understand HL as a socially constructed and changing construct, while affirming its importance for migrant communities.
The dynamics of Hawaiian speakerhood in the family
Authors: Higgins Christina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhile the majority of studies onnew speakersfocuses on language use in educational and community contexts, the family is becoming an increasingly relevant site since new speakers are now incorporating their languages into their home life. This article reports on how people of Native Hawaiian ancestry express their speakerhood with regard to their use of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, or the Hawaiian language, in the context of the family. It explores Hawaiians’ stances towards different ways of speaking Hawaiian with regard to authenticity, an issue which has been found to be central among new speakers of minority languages in other contexts. Drawing on interview data with six Hawaiians, this article investigates Hawaiian speakerhood by focusing on how the participants view linguistic authority andtranslanguagingin family settings. The article offers insights into the range of linguistic practices and sociolinguistic authenticities in families that may enhance continued language revitalization efforts.
When X doesn’t mark the spot: the intersection of language shift, identity and family language policy
Authors: Smith-Christmas Cassie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the reflexive relationship between language shift and identity in the case of Scottish Gaelic on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, demonstrating how (Fishman, Joshua A. 1991.Reversing language shift. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.) concept of X versus Y as related tolanguageis problematic in this particular context. The article posits that in many ways, the processes by which Gaelic has been alienated from a sense of Scottish identity at the macrolevel are reproduced at the microlevel and discusses the implications of this in terms of Family Language Policy (FLP). Using a nexus analysis approach, this article focuses on a second-generation member – referred to as “Seumas” (the children’s uncle) – of three generations of a Gaelic-speaking family and discusses how, although Seumas appears to see Gaelic as part of his identity in terms of “family” and “heritage”, other identity orientations often take precedence, ostensibly contributing to his high use of English. The article discusses the possible impact that Seumas’ linguistic practices have on the third generation, as well as the double-edged sword nature of using “identity” as a tool in language revitalisation.
Performance Investigate and Analysis of 96 × 10 Gbps DWDM System Using Suitable Rating from Optical Amplifiers
Authors: Kumar Chakresh , Kumar Ghanendra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The objective of current work is to design and analyzed 96×10 Gbps DWDM system taking EDFA, SOA, and RAMAN amplifier as an inline amplifiers up to a fiber length of 300 km. The performance of EDFA, SOA, and RAMAN amplifier is measured on the basis of power received, Q-factor, probability of error and BER for various values of fiber distance. In this paper it has been proved that for 96 channels DWDM system at 10 Gbps bit rate, EDFA reveals superior performance as far as the amount of power received is concerned. The value of quality factor (Q-factor) for RAMAN amplifier is almost identical to that of the Q-factor for EDFA and is higher than the Q-factor for SOA till a fiber length of roughly 80 km thereafter SOA reveals somewhat better Q-factor than EDFA and RAMAN amplifier. As far as BER is concerned EDFA and RAMAN amplifier show roughly identical and somewhat lower BER than SOA till a fiber length of roughly 80 km, afterwards SOA reveal somewhat lesser BER till the fiber length of 210 km. In relation to the probability of error P(E), It is analyzed that P(E) remains more or less same for the entire set of optical amplifiers(OAs) but beyond the fiber length of 240 km EDFA shows somewhat lower P(E) than the other two OAs. At the end the Eye diagrams for the three OAs are also figure out.
Radiochemical evidence for the contribution of iron (using 59Fe) remobilization efficiency towards nitrogen (N) and Fe deficiency tolerance in wheat
Authors: Parveen Shamima , Yadav Poonam , Singh Bhupinder 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Widespread deficiency of soil macro (N) and micro nutrient (Fe) limit crop productivity and nutritional quality of the produce worldwide. Iron is relatively immobile in plants however, its retranslocation can be facilitated by naturally produced chelator in the leaves. Synthesis of these metal-chelators depends on N nutrition of crops. The present study uses 59Fe tracer to measure the contribution of in-plant remobilization (from fully developed 2nd older leaf (OL) to a younger developing 3rd leaf (YL)) of relatively immobile iron towards N and Fe deficiency stress tolerance in Fe efficient bread and Fe inefficient durum wheat. Dual nutrient deficiency of nitrogen and iron induced senescence and hastened the process of chlorophyll degradation and induced a higher 59Fe remobilization from OL to YL. Further, 59Fe retranslocation was also highest under dual nutrient deficiency (N−Fe−). Percent 59Fe retranslocated into the YL of bread and durum wheat, respectively was higher in Fe deficient (N+Fe− and N−Fe−) than Fe sufficient (N+Fe+ and N+Fe−) treatments. Results clearly reveal that Fe deficiency tolerance response under N and Fe deficiency is chiefly determined an efficient Fe uptake and Fe retranslocation, respectively in the bread and the durum wheat.
Special Section: Wittgenstein and Applied Epistemology
Authors: Venturinha Nuno 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this introductory piece I summarize the aims and contents of the special section on Wittgenstein and Applied Epistemology, which consists of a selection of papers presented at the 6th Symposium of the International Ludwig Wittgenstein Society that took place at the Nova University of Lisbon in 2017. After explaining the sense in which “applied epistemology” is here employed in connection with Wittgenstein’s thought, brief comments are made on papers by Natalie Alana Ashton, Anna Boncompagni, Marco Brusotti, Michel Le Du, Andrew Lugg, Sofia Miguens, Constantine Sandis, Genia Schönbaumsfeld, and Vicente Sanfélix Vidarte and Chon Tejedor.
The Case for a Feminist Hinge Epistemology
Authors: Ashton Natalie Alana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper I make the case for a feminist hinge epistemology in three steps. My first step is to explain hinge epistemologies as contemporary epistemologies that take Wittgenstein’s work in On Certainty as their starting point. My second step is to make three criticisms of this literature as it currently stands. My third step is to introduce feminist epistemologies, which argue that social factors like race and gender affect what different people and groups justifiably believe, and argue that developing a feminist hinge epistemology is both plausible (because of important similarities between the two kinds of views) and desirable (because feminist epistemologies have resources which can help hinge epistemologies to avoid the three problems that I have raised).
Experience and Religious Belief
Authors: Vidarte Vicente Sanfélix , Tejedor Chon 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we defend the view that, although Wittgenstein does not present an epistemology of religion in the sense of the term most commonly found in traditional philosophical texts, he does explore a different understanding of religious epistemology – one that aligns the religious attitude with a particular form of know-how.
Assessing the Medical Staff’s Overall Satisfaction of Patient Safety Culture from a Regional Teaching Hospital in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Chih-Yun , Lee Yii-Ching , Huang Chih-Hsuan , Wu Hsin-Hung 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study adds an additional question to the existing Chinese version of the safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ) to discuss the relationships between the dimensions of the Chinese version of SAQ and the overall perception of the patient safety culture in a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan from the viewpoint of the medical staff. This study uses linear regression with forward selection to assess the perceptions from all of the medical staff by using the data sets in 2015 and 2016. The input variables are eight dimensions, whereas the dependent variable is the overall satisfaction of the patient safety culture in this hospital. The results show that four dimensions are found to significantly affect the overall satisfaction of the patient safety culture. Moreover, it is found that working conditions is the most important dimension in these two years and has the most positive impact on the overall satisfaction. Hospital management needs to pay more attention to working conditions first. In addition to working conditions, safety climate is the other essential dimension identified in both 2015 and 2016; that is, hospital management needs to have a strong and proactive organizational commitment to safety for all of the medical staff to improve the overall satisfaction of the patient safety culture.
DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE COMPONENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OBTAINED FROM KASTAMONU GARLIC BY MICROWAVE-ASSISTED CLEVENGER SYSTEM
Authors: SÜFER Özge , BOZOK Fuat 
Published: January 2019

In present
study, fourteen compounds in Allium
sativum (garlic, harvested from Kastamonu province) essential oil which was
obtained by using a microwave-assisted clevenger system with a solvent-free
option in a shorter time than traditional methods were identified by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Allyl trisulfide (27.09%), allyl
methyl trisulfide (21.26%), allyl disulfide (20.02%), allyl trans-1-propenyl
disulfide (7.48%), allyl methyl disulfide (6.08%), 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiine
(4.32%) were the most abundant sulphur compounds in oil. Also, total phenolic
content was calculated as 2.84 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and IC50 value
which defined the required amount to reduce the 50% of
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution and an indicator for antioxidant
activity was 63.58 g/L. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and
6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (trolox) were accepted
as reference synthetic antioxidants and their IC50 values were
recorded as 0.09 and 0.08 g/L respectively.
Extensions of BLUP Models for Genomic Prediction in Heterogeneous Populations: Application in a Diverse Switchgrass Sample
Authors: Ramstein Guillaume P , Casler Michael D 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Genomic prediction is a useful tool to accelerate genetic gain in selection using DNA marker information. However, this technology typically relies on standard prediction procedures, such as genomic BLUP, that are not designed to accommodate population heterogeneity resulting from differences in marker effects across populations. In this study, we assayed different prediction procedures to capture marker-by-population interactions in genomic prediction models. Prediction procedures included genomic BLUP and two kernel-based extensions of genomic BLUP which explicitly accounted for population heterogeneity. To model population heterogeneity, dissemblance between populations was either depicted by a unique coefficient (as previously reported), or a more flexible function of genetic distance between populations (proposed herein). Models under investigation were applied in a diverse switchgrass sample under two validation schemes: whole-sample calibration, where all individuals except selection candidates are included in the calibration set, and cross-population calibration, where the target population is entirely excluded from the calibration set. First, we showed that using fixed effects, from principal components or putative population groups, appeared detrimental to prediction accuracy, especially in cross-population calibration. Then we showed that modeling population heterogeneity by our proposed procedure resulted in highly significant improvements in model fit. In such cases, gains in accuracy were often positive. These results suggest that population heterogeneity may be parsimoniously captured by kernel methods. However, in cases where improvement in model fit by our proposed procedure is null-to-moderate, ignoring heterogeneity should probably be preferred due to the robustness and simplicity of the standard genomic BLUP model.
Inferring Demography and Selection in Organisms Characterized by Skewed Offspring Distributions
Authors: Sackman Andrew M , Harris Rebecca B , Jensen Jeffrey D 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The recent increase in time-series population genomic data from experimental, natural, and ancient populations has been accompanied by a promising growth in methodologies for inferring demographic and selective parameters from such data. However, these methods have largely presumed that the populations of interest are well-described by the Kingman coalescent. In reality, many groups of organisms, including viruses, marine organisms, and some plants, protists, and fungi, typified by high variance in progeny number, may be best characterized by multiple-merger coalescent models. Estimation of population genetic parameters under Wright-Fisher assumptions for these organisms may thus be prone to serious mis-inference. We propose a novel method for the joint inference of demography and selection under the Ψ-coalescent model, termed Multiple-Merger Coalescent Approximate Bayesian Computation, or MMC-ABC. We first demonstrate mis-inference under the Kingman, and then exhibit the superior performance of MMC-ABC under conditions of skewed offspring distributions. In order to highlight the utility of this approach, we reanalyzed previously published drug-selection lines of influenza A virus. We jointly inferred the extent of progeny-skew inherent to viral replication and identified putative drug-resistance mutations.
Book Review
Authors: Poškaitė Loreta 
Published: January 2019

Vilnius University, Centre of Oriental Studies
Arthur Kleinman, Yunxiang Yan, Jing Jun, Sing Lee, Everett Zhang, Pan Tianshu, Wu Fei, Guo Jinhua.Deep China. The Moral Life of the Person, What Anthropology and Psychiatry Tell Us about China Today, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2011, pp. 322. ISBN 978-0-520-26945-3 (paperback), $29.95, £19.95
Introduction. From Highbrow to Lowbrow: Studies of Indian B-grade cinema and beyond
Authors: Valančiūnas Deimantas 
Published: January 2019

Vilnius University

Cardboard skulls decorating the book of the dead’s pink cover―the Necronomicon; intoxicated young ladies having a ‘kitty party’ then gang raping their male servant; secret agents 077 and 707 serving the nation; a shape-shifting monster’s head rotates 180 degrees while tracing a doomed bride in red and the list of similar images is far from exhaustive. The above mentioned aesthetical and narrative cinematic devises just happen to come from a variety of Indian films―usually ascribed to the ‘lower’ cinematic cultures and labeled as exploitative, B-grade or even ‘trash’ cinema. Often despised and ridiculed by academicians, critics, and the big budget film industries while at the same time enjoying vast popularity in smaller urban centers and towns, these Indian low budget films co-exist with Bollywood and other major industries―yet work by their own sets of rules and agendas. These films remain a part of the national as well as global film consumption, even if slightly overshadowed by the blockbuster or Arthouse cinemas. Despite the changing trends in India’s film productions and aesthetics, the low budget cinema retains its cult status throughout the country―and this is most evident while taking a stroll down the Grant Road in Mumbai, lined up with numerous video stalls and offering enormous amounts of cheaply produced ‘3 films in 1’ type of DVDs: the genre selection ranging from action (fight) to horror; from mythological to soft-core sex films.
LITUANIKOS ŠALTINIAI KAI KURIOSE JAV BIBLIOTEKOSE, MUZIEJUOSE IR ARCHYVUOSE
Authors: BURCHINAL LEE G. 
Published: January 2019

Sudan American Foundation for Education, Inc.414 N. Henderson Road, Suite 1205Arlington VA 22202 USAE-mail: lee.burchinal@verizon.comThis paper describes the development of the online Directory of Lithuanian Resources at Selected Libraries, Archives, and Museums in the United States. Eighty-six potential sources of information about scholarly and non-scholarly printed materials as well as archival collections, museum artifacts, and audio-visual materials were identified from references in publications, previous surveys, and information obtained from Web sites of organizations. Based on available information, draft descriptions of the holdings or collections were prepared for 84 organizations and sent to them for verification andcorrection. Revised records for the 82 sources constitute the content of the Directory. The 82 sources contain an extensive and wide variety of materials, including large collections of books, serials, newspapers, and other materials in Lithuanian; substantial university and public library collections of Lithuanian-related materials; hundreds of named archives related to individuals, families, and groups; special collections of Lithuanian coins, military-related items, folk art, and memorabilia; and oral histories and films based on the experiences of Lithuanian émigrés.
XIX A. PABAIGOS–XX A. PRADŽIOS JAVLIETUVIŲ EMIGRANTŲ DOKUMENTAI: RAŠYTINĖ ATMINTIS
Authors: STEPONAITIENĖ JOLITA 
Published: January 2019

Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka,Gedimino pr. 51, LT-01504 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: j.steponaitiene@lnb.ltAt the end of the 19th century the first surge of Lithuanian immigrants flowed to the United States of America. Economical and political reasons forced Lithuanians to look for a “better life” in the strange country which could give a possibility to earn for substantial meal, better shelter, to pray in native language and cluster in fellow clubs. Settling in the free country, Lithuanians undertook active public and cultural activity, associated in societies, issued newspapers and published books.The objective of the article is to review the main groups of printed and archival heritage of Lithuanian emigrants of the end of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century, and to evaluate significance of the said heritage for Abstractresearch of this period. Special attention is given to manuscript documents preserved in the Rare Books and Manuscripts Department of Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania. The said documents, cherishing printed and written memory, are important in several aspects: they witness integration of Lithuanians into the life of multinational America, accepting of American terms-words, relation with their own Lithuanian-historical-Christian roots and Lithuania. At the end of the 19th century one fifth of the nation left Lithuania. They created new life for themselves, accepted different experience and living, committed to their being in various ways, even though not all sources, documents could be preserved.