bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regression of Left Ventricular Mass in Athletes Undergoing Complete Detraining Is Mediated by Decrease in Intracellular but Not Extracellular Compartments
Authors: Swoboda Peter P. , Garg Pankaj , Levelt Eylem , Broadbent David A. , Zolfaghari-Nia Ashkun , Foley A. James R. , Fent Graham J. , Chew Pei G. , Brown Louise A. , Saunderson Christopher E. , Dall’Armellina Erica , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Athletic cardiac remodeling can occasionally be difficult to differentiate from pathological hypertrophy. Detraining is a commonly used diagnostic test to identify physiological hypertrophy, which can be diagnosed if hypertrophy regresses. We aimed to establish whether athletic cardiac remodeling assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance is mediated by changes in intracellular or extracellular compartments and whether this occurs by 1 or 3 months of detraining.

Methods:
Twenty-eight athletes about to embark on a period of forced detraining due to incidental limb bone fracture underwent clinical assessment, ECG, and contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance within a week of their injury and then 1 month and 3 months later.

Results:

After 1 month of detraining, there was reduction in left ventricular (LV) mass (130±28 to 121±25 g;
P
<0.0001), increase in native T1 (1225±30 to 1239±30 ms;
P
=0.02), and extracellular volume fraction (24.5±2.3% to 26.0±2.6%;
P
=0.0007) with no further changes by 3 months. The decrease in LV mass was mediated by a decrease in intracellular compartment volume (94±22 to 85±19 mL;
P
<0.0001) with no significant change in the extracellular compartment volume. High LV mass index, low native T1, and low extracellular volume fraction at baseline were all predictive of regression in LV mass in the first month.

Conclusions:
Regression of athletic LV hypertrophy can be detected after just 1 month of complete detraining and is mediated by a decrease in the intracellular myocardial compartment with no change in the extracellular compartment. Further studies are needed in athletes with overt and pathological hypertrophy to establish whether native T1 and extracellular volume fraction may complement electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and genetic testing in predicting the outcome of detraining.
Kill Your Favorite Dish: Examining the Role of New Carnivorism in Perpetuating Meat Eating
Authors: Madsen Mathias Elrød , Leth-Espensen Marie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Scholars and activists opposing the killing of nonhuman animals have long shared the assumption that the invisibility of the animals killed for meat is one of the most significant factors when it comes to explaining how meat eating is perpetuated. However, a recent tendency towards a new visibility of these animals and their physical transformation into meat fundamentally challenges this assumption. The present paper addresses this discrepancy by examining an example of what has been described as “New Carnivorism” in the form of a Danish TV show called Kill Your Favorite Dish. The paper finds that in the show, visibility is in fact instrumental in justifying meat eating, as it is constitutive of a complex narrative about awareness, authenticity, pleasure, and respect. This points to a need for more nuanced understandings of how invisibility and visibility of nonhuman animals are at work in enabling the continuance of meat eating.
Systematics of Paraleucopis Malloch with proposal of Paraleucopidae, a new family of acalyptrate Diptera
Authors: WHEELER TERRY A. , SINCLAIR BRADLEY J. 
Published: September 2019

Paraleucopidae Wheeler fam. nov. is proposed for the previously unplaced New World genera Paraleucopis Malloch, Mallochianamyia Santos-Neto and Schizostomyia Malloch and undescribed Australian species. A key to genera of Paraleucopidae is provided. Paraleucopis is revised and includes nine species: P. auripes Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Andalgala, Argentina); P. bispinosa Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Socos, Coquimbo, Chile); P. boharti Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Andalgala, Argentina); P. boydensis Steyskal (type locality: nr. Palm Desert, California, USA); P. corvina Malloch (type species of genus; type locality: New Mexico, USA); P. mexicana Steyskal (type locality: Kino Bay, Mexico); P. nigra Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Portal, Arizona, USA); P. paraboydensis Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Willis Palms Oasis, California, USA); P. saguaro Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Usery Mtn Park, Arizona, USA). A key to the species of Paraleucopis is provided. The distribution of Paraleucopis is disjunct, with six species in the western United States and northwestern Mexico and three species in northern Chile and northern Argentina. The sister group and superfamilial assignment of the Paraleucopidae cannot be established based on current knowledge although the family has affinities to some families of the Asteioinea sensu J.F. McAlpine. A well-supported hypothesis on the relationships of the families of the Acalyptratae will be required before the sister group relationships of Paraleucopidae can be determined.
Observed Changes in Extreme Temperature over the Global Land Based on a Newly Developed Station Daily Dataset
Authors: Zhang Panfeng , Ren Guoyu , Xu Yan , Wang Xiaolan L. , Qin Yun , Sun Xiubao , Ren Yuyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of changes in global land extreme temperature indices (1951–2015) based on the new global land surface daily air temperature dataset recently developed by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The linear trends of the gridpoint time series and global land mean time series were calculated by using a Mann–Kendall method that accounts for the lag-1 autocorrelation in the time series of annual extreme temperature indices. The results, which are generally consistent with previous studies, showed that the global land average annual and seasonal mean extreme temperature indices series all experienced significant long-term changes associated with warming, with cold threshold indices (frost days, icing days, cold nights, and cold days) decreasing, warm threshold indices (summer days, tropical nights, and warm days) increasing, and all absolute indices (TXx, TXn, TNx, and TNn) also increasing, over the last 65 years. The extreme temperature indices series based on daily minimum temperatures generally had a stronger and more significant trend than those based on daily maximum temperatures. The strongest warming occurred after the mid-1970s, and a few extreme temperature indices showed no significant trend over the period from 1951 to the mid-1970s. Most parts of the global land experienced significant warming trends over the period 1951–2015 as a whole, and the largest trends appeared in mid- to high latitudes of the Eurasian continent.
Influence of Track Changes on the Poleward Shift of LMI Location of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Wang Ruifang , Wu Liguang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe annual mean latitude at which tropical cyclones (TCs) reach their lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) over the western North Pacific Ocean basin has shifted northward since the early 1980s, and it is suggested that the shift is due to the northward migration of the mean TC formation location. In this study, the TC intensity is simulated with an intensity model to assess the historical records of TC intensity. During the period 1980–2015, the simulated poleward trend in the mean latitude of LMI is 0.44° (10 yr)−1, which agrees well with the one [0.48° (10 yr)−1] derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) dataset. This suggests that the observed poleward trend in the mean latitude of LMI is physically consistent with changes in the large-scale ocean–atmosphere environment and TC track. This study also demonstrates that the temporal change in the environmental parameters (sea surface temperature, outflow temperature, vertical wind shear, and ocean mixed layer depth) has little influence on the observed shift of the mean LMI latitude. The poleward migration of the mean LMI latitude is mainly due to the TC track shift, which results primarily from the change in the large-scale steering flow.
Effect of resected length in reconstructive surgery for tracheobronchial injury
Authors: Vu Huu Vinh , Huynh Quang Khanh , Nguyen Viet Dang Quang , Thi Chau Phu , Khoi Nguyen Van 
Published: September 2019

Background Mechanical injury to the trachea and bronchi may cause mild to severe stenosis requiring surgical intervention for reconstructing the damaged trachea. The location, length, and cause of injury are important factors affecting the surgical outcome. Method We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the results of reconstructive surgery on noncancerous tracheobronchial lesions in 75 patients aged 5–55 years who had undergone reconstructive tracheobronchial surgery in our hospital from 2009 to 2018. Results The causes of tracheobronchial injury included blunt trauma in 38 patients, sharp penetrating trauma in 24, a postintubation lesion in 6, a post-tracheotomy lesion in 3, tuberculosis in 3, and an adult congenital lesion in one. In 59 cases of a lesion in the trachea, the length of missing segment before reconnection was 1–2 cm in 6 cases, 3 cm in 22, 4 cm in 18, 5 cm in 13, and >5.5 cm in 1 case. The length of the resected segment was <5.5 cm in all survivors, whereas one death occurred when the resected length was approximately 6 cm. Conclusions The length of the resected segment and precision of the surgery are crucial for determining the outcome of surgery.
New modes of managing grand challenges: Cross-sector collaboration and the refugee crisis of the Asia Pacific
Authors: Quayle Annette , Grosvold Johanne , Chapple Larelle 
Published: September 2019

Grand challenges are complex, large-scale problems requiring collaborative, multidisciplinary attention. Cross-sector collaboration can potentially play a significant role in addressing these challenges by capturing the diverse vision, experience, knowledge and resources of different sectors. Yet we still know little of the inter-organisational dynamics of how sectors work together to address grand challenges and the consequences of doing so. Our article contributes to the literature at the intersection of management and grand challenges by identifying how cross-sector collaborations can be used more effectively to address grand challenges. Drawing on a study of Australia’s offshore processing of refugees, we highlight the inter-organisational issues that emerge and develop a collaborative governance framework to overcome these problems and guide future cross-sector collaborations directed at grand challenges. JEL Classification: M5, H11
Driving Mobile Accounts Sales: Strategic Imperative for Telenor Pakistan
Authors: Awan Muhammad Luqman , Awan Muhammad Usman , Naseer Omer , Khan Usman Mumtaz 
Published: September 2019

In October 2013, Mahboob Ali Shah Manager Financial Services Planning Telenor Pakistan (TP) needed to make decisions on the future of Mobile Accounts Sales officers (MASOs). TP had two businesses, i.e., GSM (96 per cent revenue contribution in TP 2012 sales) and financial services offering (4 per cent revenue contribution in TP 2012 sales) under the brand name of EasyPaisa. TP launched EasyPaisa in 2009 with a view to reach out to the unbanked segment (60 million people). By 2012, EasyPaisa had a brand awareness of 80 per cent with the largest footprint of 36,000 EasyPaisa shops. Mobile accounts (MAs) were introduced in 2010 which could be operated only by Telenor sim and; hence, offered a great opportunity for TP to attract and retain customers for continual usage of its complete offerings. TP developed an elaborate go to market strategy (direct as well as indirect) to reach its customers effectively. Territory Sales Supervisors (TSS) has been the focal contact point between TP and their franchises since the launch of GSM services in 2005; however, as TP increased their offerings in the realm of financial services and offered diverse services such as MAs it became difficult for TSS to focus on MA and other financial services products whereas ironically MA contributed only (5 per cent) in KPI of TSS. At the same time, selling of MAs required different selling process as opposed to selling GSM services to franchisees and subsequently to retailers. Due to this change in the selling process, highly successful TSS had not been able to achieve sales targets for MA. In order to achieve corporate objectives for MA sales, Mahboob needed to make a choice from among different possible options for MASO’s expansion to achieve this year’s target of 350,000 MA, out of which until now he could achieve only 224,000.
The correlation of 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates with Hs‐troponin I values measured in patients diagnosed with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in emergency service
Authors: Kurt Erdem , AK Rohat , Eke Kurt Şebnem Zeynep , Bahadırlı Suphi , Cimilli Öztürk Tuba 
Published: September 2019

Background:This study aims to determine the relationship between troponin levels and 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates in patients who applied to emergency service with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.Materials and methods:The data of our study were obtained from the retrospective screening of the files of 321 patients who applied to the emergency department between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016 with International Classification of Diseases diagnosis with I47.1 (supraventricular tachycardia). Unstable patients, patients under 18 years, and patients with comorbidities that could increase troponin levels did not participate in the study. A total of 159 patients diagnosed with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were included in the study. These patients’ files were examined, and their examination and anamnesis information at the time of admission to hospital, demographic characteristics, and applied treatments were analyzed. The 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates of the patients were examined.Results:The study was carried out with 159 patients. Troponin was positive in 25 (15.7%) cases, while it was negative in 134 (84.3%) cases. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates. Coronary artery disease was found to be higher in patients with positive troponin than patients with negative troponin.Conclusion:No significant difference was found between patients with positive troponin values compared to patients with negative troponin values in terms of 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates. We believe that prospective observational studies or large‐scale retrospective studies will better elucidate this issue.
A comparative health care inventory for primary hip arthroplasty between Germany versus the Netherlands. Is there a downside effect to fast-track surgery with regard to patient satisfaction and functional outcome?
Authors: Füssenich Wout , Gerhardt Davey MJM , Pauly Thomas , Lorenz Frank , Olieslagers Martin , Braun Christof , van Susante Job LC 
Published: September 2019

Background: Treatment and rehabilitation protocol for hip arthroplasty differs between Germany and the Netherlands. The Dutch system promotes fast-track surgery whereas in Germany conventional care is provided with a longer hospital stay including rehabilitation. Clinical outcome, patient satisfaction and costs in both treatment protocols were compared in a prospective setup. Material and methods: This prospective cohort study included patients allocated for primary THA in 3 German and 1 Dutch hospital in the border region. Patient-reported outcome scores (PROMS) were measured pre- and postoperatively at 6 and 12 months including the Oxford Hip Score, SF12 survey, visual analogue scale for satisfaction and pain. Length of hospitalisation and availability of postoperative rehabilitation were recorded. In addition, a total cost estimation was calculated using health insurers data. Results: A total of 360 consecutive patients were included; 175 THA in Germany compared to 185 THA in the Netherlands. No cross-border healthcare was encountered in both cohorts. Mean length of hospitalisation was 11.3 (range 6–23) days in Germany, compared to 4.4 (range 3–25) days in the Netherlands. In Germany 92% of the patients was discharged with inpatient (72%) or outpatient (20%) rehabilitation, compared to 21% with only inpatient rehabilitation in the Netherlands. No significant differences were measured regarding the PROMS and patient satisfaction between both countries. Due to profound differences in health care financing only a global cost estimation could be made and no major differences were encountered. Conclusion: Germany and the Netherlands both offer highly protocolled care for THA with comparable functional outcome and patient satisfaction with treatment after 12 months. Despite the length of hospitalisation in Germany is significantly longer including a more intensive rehabilitation programme, no significant differences were recorded regarding functional outcome nor patient satisfaction compared to fast-track surgery performed in the Netherlands.
Drivers of preventable high health care utilization: a qualitative study of patient, physician and health system leader perspectives
Authors: Das Lala Tanmoy , Kaushal Rainu , Garrison Kelsey , Carrillo Vanessa , Grinspan Zachary , Theis Ryan , Shenkman Elizabeth , Abramson Erika 
Published: September 2019

Objectives A small percentage of patients account for the bulk of population health care utilization and costs in many countries including the United States (US). In the US, 5% of the population has high health care utilization accounting for nearly 50% of health care costs. A subset of this utilization is deemed preventable, and thus potentially cost saving to patients as well as to the health care system. This study sought to identify drivers of preventable utilization from the perspectives of three stakeholder groups in the US: health system leaders; high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patients or their primary caregivers; and physicians. Methods We performed a qualitative study using interviews of health system leaders and focus groups of HNHC patients, caregivers and physicians. We used a mixed inductive deductive approach to analyse transcripts and identify themes. Results We identified three key drivers of preventable high health care utilization: (1) unmet behavioural health needs, (2) socio-economic determinants of health and (3) challenges associated with accessing health care delivery systems. Conclusions To be potentially more effective, interventions to reduce preventable high health care utilization should incorporate the perspectives of patients, health system leaders and physicians. Particularly important to stakeholders is increased access to mental-health resources, support for patients with low socio-economic resources and systemic changes that reduce wait times for primary care visits and allow providers more time during patient visits.
Regional Disparities in Transplantation With Deceased Donor Kidneys With Kidney Donor Profile Index Less Than 20% Among Candidates With Top 20% Estimated Post Transplant Survival
Authors: Husain S. Ali , King Kristen L. , Dube Geoffrey K. , Tsapepas Demetra , Cohen David J. , Ratner Lloyd E. , Mohan Sumit 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The Kidney Allocation System in the United States prioritizes candidates with Estimated Post-Transplant Survival (EPTS) ≤20% to receive deceased donor kidneys with Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) ≤20%. Research Question: We compared access to KDPI ≤ 20% kidneys for EPTS ≤ 20% candidates across the United States to determine whether geographic disparities in access to these low KDPI kidneys exist. Design: We identified all incident adult deceased donor kidney candidates wait-listed January 1, 2015, to March 31, 2018, using United Network for Organ Sharing data. We calculated the proportion of candidates transplanted, final EPTS, and KDPI of transplanted kidneys for candidates listed with EPTS ≤ 20% versus >20%. We compared the odds of receiving a KDPI ≤ 20% deceased donor kidney for EPTS ≤ 20% candidates across regions using logistic regression. Results: Among 121 069 deceased donor kidney candidates, 28.5% had listing EPTS ≤ 20%. Of these, 16.1% received deceased donor kidney transplants (candidates listed EPTS > 20%: 17.1% transplanted) and 12.3% lost EPTS ≤ 20% status. Only 49.4% of transplanted EPTS ≤ 20% candidates received a KDPI ≤ 20% kidney, and 48.3% of KDPI ≤ 20% kidneys went to recipients with EPTS > 20% at the time of transplantation. Odds of receiving a KDPI ≤ 20% kidney were highest in region 6 and lowest in region 9 (odds ratio 0.19 [0.13 to 0.28]). The ratio of KDPI ≤ 20% donors per EPTS ≤ 20% candidate and likelihood of KDPI ≤ 20% transplantation were strongly correlated ( r 2 = 0.84). Discussion: Marked geographic variation in the likelihood of receiving a KDPI ≤ 20% deceased donor kidney among transplanted EPTS ≤ 20% candidates exists and is related to differences in organ availability within allocation borders. Policy changes to improve organ sharing are needed to improve equity in access to low KDPI kidneys.
Repair of Sinus Venosus Defects With Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in Children by Modified Right Vertical Infra Axillary Thoracotomy
Authors: Rao Rajesh Kishan , Varadaraju R , Basappa Girish , Nagaraja PS 
Published: September 2019

Objective To evaluate the safety and reproducibility of modified right vertical infra axillary thoracotomy (RVIAT) for repair of sinus venosus defects with right-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) in children. Methods Between March 2017 and February 2018, we performed intracardiac repair for sinus venosus defects with right-sided PAPVC in 14 children through modified RVIAT. Median age and weight were 9.5 years and 21 kg, respectively. We modified RVIAT by avoiding central venous cannulation and used total peripheral venous cannulation (right internal jugular vein and right femoral vein). In all children double-patch technique was followed, using untreated autologous pericardium. Results Intracardiac repair was safely performed in all children. There was no conversion to another approach and there were no complications related to peripheral venous cannulation. All children were in sinus rhythm with no residual defects, with non-obstructive pulmonary venous drainage at the time of discharge and during subsequent follow-ups. Conclusions Modified RVIAT can be safely performed for repair of sinus venosus defects with right-sided PAPVC, without compromising on the quality of repair. With this modification not only the intracardiac repair was easier, also it provided more working space with minimal rib spreading.