bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic African and Native American Ancestry and 15‐Year Cognitive Trajectory: Bambui Study, Brazil
Authors: Lima‐Costa M. Fernanda , Gouveia Mateus H. , Cesar Cibele C. , Tarazona‐Santos Eduardo , Stewart Rob , Ferri Cleusa P. , Castro‐Costa Erico 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between African and Native American genomic ancestry and long‐term cognitive trajectories in admixed Brazilians.DesignPopulation‐based longitudinal study.SettingBambui‐Epigen (Brazil) cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged 60 and older (N=1,215)MeasurementsParticipants were followed from January 1997 to December 2011. Cognitive function was assessed annually using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), totaling 12,208 measurements. We used linear mixed‐effects pattern models to assess MMSE score trajectories. Ancestry was assessed using a genome‐wide approach.ResultsAfter adjustments for covariates, the highest quintile of African ancestry was associated with poorer baseline cognitive performance (β=–0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI)=–1.36 to –0.11) but not with cognitive trajectory. Educational level modified the baseline association between highest African ancestry and cognitive performance in that the association was observed only in those with very low (<4 years) education (β=–1.13, 95% CI=–2.02 to –0.23). No association was found between Native American ancestry and baseline cognitive function or its trajectory.ConclusionGenomic African and Native American ancestry levels had no prognostic value for age‐related cognitive decline in this admixed population.
Hard Work, Big Changes: American Geriatrics Society Efforts to Improve Payment for Geriatrics Care
Authors: Hollmann Peter A. , Zorowitz Robert A. , Lundebjerg Nancy E. , Goldstein Alanna C. , Lazaroff Alan E. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis article examines the work and leadership of the American Geriatrics Society in making payment for services provided under new, innovative payment codes a reality for geriatrics healthcare professionals. We examine more than a decade of work spanning from a proposal to pay for comprehensive geriatric assessments in 2003 to the multiyear effort that led to Medicare coverage for transitional care management (2013), chronic care management (2015, 2017), and assessment and care planning for cognitive impairment (2017). We review the forces that created an environment for change and the concurrent work of the American Medical Association and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services that made this possible. We highlight opportunities seized that led to seats on crucial panels and legislative victories that helped us make our case for improved payment for geriatrics care. Finally, we address lessons learned and address opportunities where we are currently active. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2059–2064, 2018.
Enhancement of fluorescence emission difference microscopy using conjugated vortex phase modulation
Authors: ZHU D. , LIU W. , ZHANG Z. , ZHENG C. , CHEN Y. , LI C. , KUANG C. , FAN J. , XU Y. , LIU X. , HUSSAIN A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we propose and demonstrate an improved fluorescence emission difference microscopy (FED) method, exploiting programmable phase modulation for image enhancement. The main novelty of the proposed approach lies in the matched size and intensity of two excitation spots. The proposed method improves the FED performance on image quality via artefact elimination. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method through theoretical studies and experimental tests. The experimental results of nanobeads and cells validate the practical performance of this method, which can enable reliable observations at superresolution in biomedical studies.Lay DescriptionIn this paper, we propose a method to improve the imaging quality of regular fluorescence emission difference (FED) microscopy. In regular FED imaging, a solid and a doughnut excitation beam are successively used to acquire two images which are then subtracted with each other to improve the resolution of confocal microscopy. The doughnut beam can be generated by modulating the excitation beam with a vortex phase mask. Note that both of the excitation beam and the vortex phase mask must have the same handed direction in regular FED microscopy. However, some negative values may be produced and some information may be lost due to the subtraction process in regular FED imaging, which is mainly caused by the mismatched size and intensity of these two excitation spots.To address this issue, we propose conjugated FED (cFED) microscopy which additionally uses a conjugated vortex phase mask to modulate the solid beam to extend its focal spot size to be matched with the doughnut spot, which means the handed direction of the solid beam and the vortex phase mask is different. Besides, in order not to damage the resolution, the doughnut beam needs to be saturated to some degree. The experiment results show that, at the same resolution level, the negative values and the information loss in cFED image are all less than that of regular FED image.
Challenge and hindrance demands in relation to self‐reported job performance and the role of restoration, sleep quality, and affective rumination
Authors: Van Laethem Michelle , Beckers Debby G. J. , de Bloom Jessica , Sianoja Marjaana , Kinnunen Ulla 
Published: September 2018

Longitudinal research on the relationship between job demands and job performance and its underlying mechanisms is scarce. The aims of this longitudinal three‐wave study among 920 Finnish employees were to ascertain whether (1) challenge job demands (i.e., workload, cognitive demands) and self‐reported job performance are positively related over time, (2) job insecurity (i.e., a hindrance demand) and job performance are negatively related over time, (3) restorative experiences during off‐job time and sleep quality are underlying mechanisms in these relations, and (4) affective rumination mediates the proposed relations of job demands and job insecurity with restoration and sleep quality. Self‐report data were analysed with structural equation modelling. The results revealed a positive, temporal relationship between challenge job demands and job performance (task and contextual performance) across 1 year, but no temporal relationship between job insecurity and self‐reported job performance. Moreover, high challenge job demands were positively related to the restorative value of off‐job activities, and favourable restoration was positively related to subsequent task performance. Finally, affective rumination mediated the relationship of challenge job demands with both restoration and sleep quality. Job insecurity was not longitudinally related to restoration, sleep quality, or affective rumination. The implications of our findings for occupational health psychology are discussed.Practitioner points

Provide employees with sufficient job resources (e.g., high autonomy and social support) to adequately deal with high job demands.

Allow employees sufficient time to recover from high job demands during off‐job time and provide training sessions in recovery, relaxation, meditation, and goal setting.

Employees may attempt to counteract perseverative thoughts by actively pursuing distracting restoration activities (e.g., exercise, meditation).
Extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and their relatives: A Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Grønbæk Lisbet , Vilstrup Hendrik , Pedersen Lars , Jepsen Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsIt is widely accepted that patients with autoimmune hepatitis have an increased prevalence of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases. It is believed that the patients' relatives share this trait, but it has not been studied in a satisfactory setting. We conducted a nationwide registry‐based cohort study on this issue.MethodsFrom Danish healthcare registries 1994‐2015, we included 2745 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, 17 812 of their first‐ and second‐degree relatives and 27 450 general population controls matched with the patients for sex and age. We compared the sex‐ and age‐specific prevalence of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases between the patients with autoimmune hepatitis, their relatives and the controls. We computed the prevalence ratio as a measure of the relative prevalence, using the controls as reference group.ResultsIn the patients with autoimmune hepatitis, the prevalence ratio of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases ranged from 7 to 10 until age 30 years (prevalence ratio at age 20 = 9.92; 95% confidence interval 6.21‐15.83), after which it gradually decreased to about 2 (prevalence ratio at age 80 = 2.37; 95% confidence interval 1.89‐3.00). Neither first‐ nor second‐degree relatives had an increased prevalence of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases (prevalence ratio for relatives at age 20 = 1.11; 95% confidence interval 0.72‐1.70; prevalence ratio at age 80 = 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.70‐1.31).ConclusionsDanish patients with autoimmune hepatitis were highly prone to extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, but their relatives were not.
Species‐complex diversification and host‐plant associations in Bemisia tabaci: A plant‐defence, detoxification perspective revealed by RNA‐Seq analyses
Authors: Malka Osnat , Santos‐Garcia Diego , Feldmesser Ester , Sharon Elad , Krause‐Sakate Renate , Delatte Hélène , van Brunschot Sharon , Patel Mitulkumar , Visendi Paul , Mugerwa Habibu , Seal Susan , Colvin John , Morin Shai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInsect–plant associations and their role in diversification are mostly studied in specialists. Here, we aimed to identify macroevolution patterns in the relationships between generalists and their host plants that have the potential to promote diversification. We focused on the Bemisia tabaci species complex containing more than 35 cryptic species. Mechanisms for explaining this impressive diversification have focused so far on allopatric forces that assume a common, broad, host range. We conducted a literature survey which indicated that species in the complex differ in their host range, with only few showing a truly broad one. We then selected six species, representing different phylogenetic groups and documented host ranges. We tested whether differences in the species expression profiles of detoxification genes are shaped more by their phylogenetic relationships or by their ability to successfully utilize multiple hosts, including novel ones. Performance assays divided the six species into two groups of three, one showing higher performance on various hosts than the other (the lower performance group). The same grouping pattern appeared when the species were clustered according to their expression profiles. Only species placed in the lower performance group showed a tendency to lower the expression of multiple genes. Taken together, these findings bring evidence for the existence of a common detoxification “machinery,” shared between species that can perform well on multiple hosts. We raise the possibility that this “machinery” might have played a passive role in the diversification of the complex, by allowing successful migration to new/novel environments, leading, in some cases, to fragmentation and speciation.
Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants
Authors: Smirnoff Nicholas , Arnaud Dominique 
Published: September 2018

Contents

Summary
1197

I.
Introduction
1198

II.
Measurement and imaging of H2O2
1198

III.
H2O2 and O2·− toxicity
1199

IV.
Production of H2O2: enzymes and subcellular locations
1200

V.
H2O2 transport
1205

VI.
Control of H2O2 concentration: how and where?
1205

VII.
Metabolic functions of H2O2
1207

VIII.
H2O2 signalling
1207

IX.
Where next?
1209

Acknowledgements
1209

References
1209

SummaryHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced, via superoxide and superoxide dismutase, by electron transport in chloroplasts and mitochondria, plasma membrane NADPH oxidases, peroxisomal oxidases, type III peroxidases and other apoplastic oxidases. Intracellular transport is facilitated by aquaporins and H2O2 is removed by catalase, peroxiredoxin, glutathione peroxidase‐like enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase, all of which have cell compartment‐specific isoforms. Apoplastic H2O2 influences cell expansion, development and defence by its involvement in type III peroxidase‐mediated polymer cross‐linking, lignification and, possibly, cell expansion via H2O2‐derived hydroxyl radicals. Excess H2O2 triggers chloroplast and peroxisome autophagy and programmed cell death. The role of H2O2 in signalling, for example during acclimation to stress and pathogen defence, has received much attention, but the signal transduction mechanisms are poorly defined. H2O2 oxidizes specific cysteine residues of target proteins to the sulfenic acid form and, similar to other organisms, this modification could initiate thiol‐based redox relays and modify target enzymes, receptor kinases and transcription factors. Quantification of the sources and sinks of H2O2 is being improved by the spatial and temporal resolution of genetically encoded H2O2 sensors, such as HyPer and roGFP2‐Orp1. These H2O2 sensors, combined with the detection of specific proteins modified by H2O2, will allow a deeper understanding of its signalling roles.
Preoperative antibiotics and cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection: A cohort study in veterans
Authors: Alzahrani Talal , Liappis Angelike P. , Baddour Larry M. , Karasik Pamela E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundCefazolin is used as standard preoperative prophylaxis for a variety of surgical procedures that involve the skin. In contrast, vancomycin is recommended for a minority of patients, specifically those with an IgE‐mediated allergy to beta‐lactams and considered in patients with known colonization with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus or at high risk for such. Vancomycin, however, has been overprescribed, has nephrotoxicity risk, and may be less effective due to its inferior coverage of methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus and lack of Gram‐negative coverage. This study was performed to assess whether vancomycin use was associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection (CIEDI) as compared to that of cefazolin or other antistaphylococcal beta‐lactam antibiotics.MethodsThe VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure database, which included all veterans who underwent CIED placement or revision between 2008 and 2015, was used. A logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the adjusted odds of CIEDI.ResultsOverall, 10,454 CIED procedures were included, and 98% of them were performed in men with a mean age of 71 ± 12 years. The logistic regression analysis showed that vancomycin use alone or in combination with other antibiotics was associated with an increased risk of CIEDI (odds ratio 2.99 [1.76–5.06], P‐value < 0.001), after controlling for other effects.ConclusionsOur study revealed that among patients who received surgical site infection prophylaxis for CIED placement or revision, there was: (1) an unanticipated high rate of vancomycin use, and (2) a threefold increase in the incidence of subsequent CIEDI among vancomycin recipient
Total antioxidant capacity and protein peroxidation intensity in seminal plasma of infertile and fertile dogs
Authors: Domoslawska Anna , Zdunczyk Slawomir , Franczyk Monika , Kankofer Marta , Janowski Tomasz 
Published: September 2018

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity and protein peroxidation intensity in seminal plasma of infertile and fertile dogs. The study was conducted on 10 infertile and 10 fertile dogs of various breeds. Infertility was defined as conception failure at least three matings with different bitches. Semen was collected by manual manipulation. The sperm concentration and motility parameters were evaluated using CASA Hamilton Thorne, Vers. IVOS 12.3. The morphology of spermatozoa and the percentage of live and dead sperm cells were assessed microscopically, total antioxidant capacity and the content of SH‐groups in seminal plasma were determined spectrophotometrically, the contents of protein peroxidation markers in seminal plasma, bityrosine and formylokinurenine, were determined using spectrofluorimetric methods. Sperm concentration and total sperm count were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in infertile dogs than in fertile dogs (99.92 ± 3 0.05 × 106/ml vs. 282.07 ± 48.27 × 106/ml; 214.19 ± 114.74 × 106 vs. 747.57 ± 210.94 × 106, respectively). The percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology and the most determined motility parameters differed significantly (p < 0.05) between both groups. The mean values of total antioxidant capacity in the seminal plasma were significantly (p < 0.05) lower (19.95 ± 20.94 vs. 25.66 ± 23.18 µmol/g protein), whereas the mean contents of bityrosine and formylokinurenine in seminal plasma were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in infertile dogs than in fertile dogs (3.71 ± 4.83 µg/mg protein vs. 1.55 ± 2.00 µg/mg protein and 0.37 ± 0.45 µg/mg protein vs. 0.14 ± 0.08 µg/mg protein, respectively). In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that the poor semen quality and infertility in dogs could be associated with lowered total antioxidant capacity and increased protein peroxidation in seminal plasma as a consequence of oxidative stress.
A Lie symmetry analysis and explicit solutions of the two‐dimensional ∞‐Polylaplacian
Authors: Papamikos Georgios , Pryer Tristan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, we consider the Lie point symmetry analysis of a strongly nonlinear partial differential equation of third order, the ∞‐Polylaplacian, in two spatial dimensions. This equation is a higher order generalization of the ∞‐Laplacian, also known as Aronsson's equation, and arises as the analog of the Euler–Lagrange equations of a second‐order variational principle in L∞. We obtain its full symmetry group, one‐dimensional Lie subalgebras and the corresponding symmetry reductions to ordinary differential equations. Finally, we use the Lie symmetries to construct new invariant ∞‐Polyharmonic functions.
Eccentric cycling is more efficient in reducing fat mass than concentric cycling in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Julian Valérie , Thivel David , Miguet Maud , Pereira Bruno , Costes Frédéric , Coudeyre Emmanuel , Duclos Martine , Richard Ruddy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe benefits of eccentric (ECC) training on fat mass (FM) remain underexplored. We hypothesized that in obese adolescents, ECC cycling training is more efficient for decreasing whole‐body FM percentage compared to concentric (CON) performed at the same oxygen consumption (VO2). Twenty‐four adolescents aged 13.4 ± 1.3 years (BMI > 90th percentile) were randomized to ECC or CON. They performed three cyclo‐ergometer sessions per week (30 min per session) for 12 weeks: two habituation, 5 at 50% VO2peak, and 5 at 70% VO2peak. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, maximal incremental CON tests, strength tests, and blood samples were assessed pre‐ and post‐training. Whole‐body FM percentage decreased significantly after compared to pretraining in both groups, though to a larger extent in the ECC group (ECC: −10% vs CON: −4.2%, P < 0.05). Whole‐body lean mass (LM) percentage increased significantly in both groups after compared to pretraining, with a greater increase in the ECC group (ECC: 3.8% vs CON: 1.5%, P <0.05). The improvements in leg FM and LM percentages were greater in the ECC group (−6.5% and 3.0%, P = 0.01 and P < 0.01). Quadriceps isometric and isokinetic ECC strength increased significantly more in the ECC group (28.3% and 21.3%, P < 0.05). Both groups showed similar significant VO2peak improvement (ECC: 15.4% vs CON: 10.3%). The decrease in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index was significant in the ECC group (−19.9%). In conclusion, although both ECC and CON cycling trainings are efficient to decrease FM, ECC induces greater FM reduction, strength gains, and insulin resistance improvements and represents an optimal modality to recommend for obese adolescents.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of a receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase, BSR1, plays a crucial role in resistance to multiple pathogens in rice
Authors: Sugano Shoji , Maeda Satoru , Hayashi Nagao , Kajiwara Hideyuki , Inoue Haruhiko , Jiang Chang‐Jie , Takatsuji Hiroshi , Mori Masaki 
Published: September 2018

SummaryPlants have evolved many receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) to modulate their growth, development, and innate immunity. Broad‐Spectrum Resistance 1 (BSR1) encodes a rice RLCK, whose overexpression confers resistance to multiple diseases, including fungal rice blast and bacterial leaf blight. However, the mechanisms underlying resistance remain largely unknown. In the present study, we report that BSR1 is a functional protein kinase that autophosphorylates and transphosphorylates an artificial substrate in vitro. Although BSR1 is classified as a serine/threonine kinase, it was shown to autophosphorylate on tyrosine as well as on serine/threonine residues when expressed in bacteria, demonstrating that it is a dual‐specificity kinase. Protein kinase activity was found to be indispensable for resistance to rice blast and leaf blight in BSR1‐overexpressing plants. Importantly, tyrosine phosphorylation of BSR1 was critical for proper localization of BSR1 in rice cells and played a crucial role in BSR1‐mediated resistance to multiple diseases, as evidenced by compromised disease resistance in transgenic plants overexpressing a mutant BSR1 in which Tyr‐63 was substituted with Ala. Overall, our data indicate that BSR1 is a non‐receptor dual‐specificity kinase and that both tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase activities are critical for the normal functioning of BSR1 in the resistance to multiple pathogens. Our results support the notion that tyrosine phosphorylation plays a major regulatory role in the transduction of defense signals from cell‐surface receptor complexes to downstream signaling components in plants.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis by cell‐free DNA screening for fetomaternal HPA‐1a platelet incompatibility
Authors: Ferro Marta , Macher Hada C. , Fornés Gema , Martín‐Sánchez Jesús , Jimenez‐Arriscado Pilar , Molinero Patrocinio , Pérez‐Simón José A. , Guerrero Juan M. , Rubio Amalia 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDThe development of new noninvasive approaches for the diagnosis of human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1 fetomaternal incompatibility has become of great interest. These approaches allow determination of whether the fetus is incompatible or not with the mother and a decision on antenatal therapy to avoid fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). The objective of this work was to perform rapid, noninvasive prenatal test for HPA‐1ab fetal antigen detection after the detection of an HPA‐1–homozygous mother by using plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe HPA‐1 genotypes of 142 pregnant women and 17 nonpregnant controls were retrospectively determined by high‐resolution melting (HRM) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Coamplification at lower denaturation temperature (COLD) HRM PCR was performed to determine the fetal genotype analyzing cfDNA from all HPA‐1bb pregnant women.RESULTSAfter the HRM analysis, the following genotypes were identified: HPA‐1aa (71.13%), HPA‐1bb (2.8%), and HPA‐1ab (26.06%). Four HPA‐1bb–homozygous pregnant women were carrying an incompatible fetus. Plasma samples from these mothers were analyzed by HRM COLD‐PCR. Homozygous HPA‐1bb pregnant women carrying an HPA‐1ab–heterozygous fetus did not group with either the HPA‐1ab or the HPA‐1bb controls. Thus, COLD‐PCR analysis allows the detection of HPA‐1ab–heterozygous fetuses carried by homozygous mothers during first weeks of pregnancy.CONCLUSIONThe fetal genotype from HPA‐1bb–homozygous women was detected by a noninvasive prenatal test as soon as 12 weeks of gestation.