bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The landscape of immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma based on PD‐L1 expression and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Chen Lu , Cao Mian‐Fu , Zhang Xiang , Dang Wei‐Qi , Xiao Jing‐Fang , Liu Qing , Tan Yu‐Huan , Tan Yao‐Yao , Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Xu Sen‐Lin , Yao Xiao‐Hong , Cui You‐Hong , Zhang Xia , Bian Xiu‐Wu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the tumor microenvironment immune types (TMIT) based on tumor cell programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) distribution and whether distinct TMIT subtypes (TMIT I, PD‐L1high/TILhigh; TMIT II, PD‐L1low/TILlow; TMIT III, PD‐L1high/TILlow; and TMIT IV, PD‐L1low/TILhigh) differentially affect clinical outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to evaluate the expression of PD‐L1 and the spatial distribution of programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) and CD8 TILs on the surgically resected specimens from 205 cases of LAC and 149 cases of SCC. PD‐1 and CD8 TILs were more frequently distributed in SCC than those in LAC, regardless of their infiltrating in the tumor islets or stroma. The density of TILs was a poor prognostic factor in LAC but a favorable one in SCC. PD‐L1 levels and its clinical prognostic significance differed in LAC vs SCC. LAC patients with TMIT III and SCC patients with TMIT I had the longest survival, respectively (P = .0197 and .0049). Moreover, TMIT stratification based on tumor cell PD‐L1 expression and stromal CD8+ TILs could be considered as an independent prognostic factor of SCC patients' survival as determined by both univariate and multivariate analysis.ConclusionOur study indicates that different type of TMIT provides its specific microenvironment with diverse impact on survival of LAC and SCC patients and highlights the importance of the integrative assessment of PD‐L1 status and TILs' spatial distribution to predict patients' prognosis.
TNPO2 operates downstream of DYNC1I1 and promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis
Authors: Gong Libao , Wen Ti , Li Zhi , Wang Yizhe , Wang Jin , Che Xiaofang , Liu Yunpeng , Qu Xiujuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe import of proteins into the nucleus plays an important role in tumor development. In addition to the classical nuclear import proteins importin‐β and importin‐α, there are many nonclassical nuclear import proteins that include TNPO2. The role of TNPO2 as a nonclassical nuclear import protein in tumors is limited. Our previous studies have shown that DYNC1I1 is a poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer and can promote the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. An expression profile chip showed that TNPO2 was its potential downstream. DYNC1I1 upregulated TNPO2 expression by upregulating SP1, following which, SP1 recruited and bound to the P300‐acetylated TNPO2 promoter region histones, and thus promoted TNPO2 expression. At the same time, TNPO2 promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by a mechanism that might be depending on the functional expression of P21.
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the pancreatic head: A case report
Authors: Alexander Dheeraj , Rashid Lewis , Hollis Michael , Kavuturu Srinivas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPancreatic SRCC is a rare, aggressive tumor. Given limited evidence and the risk of side effects, physicians may elect to withhold chemotherapy in select patients, with the exception of neoadjuvant chemotherapy use to facilitate resectability.
Effect of Na‐Doping on Electron Decay Kinetics in SrTiO3 Photocatalyst
Authors: Kato Kosaku , Jiang Junzhe , Sakata Yoshihisa , Yamakata Akira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting by solar light is an environment‐friendly means for generating hydrogen as energy resources. For practical use, photocatalysts with higher activity are desired. Recently it was found that the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3 is remarkably improved by Na‐doping. However, why Na‐doping enhances the activity has not been well understood. In this work, we found that Na‐doping in SrTiO3 introduces new mid‐gap states. Transient absorption measurements revealed that photoexcited electrons were trapped into these states within ∼20 ps after excitation. These trapped electrons have longer lifetime than those in undoped SrTiO3, and number of surviving electrons in microseconds increased ∼15 times. These electrons are trapped at the mid‐gap states, but still keep reactivity with reactant molecules. Furthermore, they were effectively captured by H2‐evolution cocatalyst, indicating that they can participate in steady‐state reactions. This work emphasizes the important role of electron‐trapping states introduced by doping on photocatalytic activity.
Photo‐Fenton‐peroxide process using FE (II)‐embedded composites based on activated carbon: Characterization of catalytic tests
Authors: Secula Marius S. , Vajda Andreea , Cagnon Benoît , Warmont Fabienne , Mamaliga Ioan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCost‐efficient Fenton‐like catalysts for the removal of organic molecules in aqueous solutions were elaborated by a simple process. Porous activated carbons (ACs) were directly impregnated with a precursor solution using the wet impregnation method. Their efficiency as Fenton‐like catalysts was studied. Photo‐Fenton tests were performed to establish the performance of the prepared Fe‐impregnated activated carbons in relation to the degradation of an organic pollutant (Indigo Carmine) model in aqueous solution, under different conditions. Photo‐catalytic tests were carried out by means of a laboratory photo‐reactor (UV‐Consulting Peschl). The influence of several parameters such as solution pH value, initial concentration of the model pollutant, and hydrogen peroxide dose on the process performance was investigated. The ACs and prepared catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms at 77 K, SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses. The total Fe content of the synthesized composites was estimated by the phenanthroline method using UV‐vis spectrophotometry. The results show an increase in the degradation rate when the heterogeneous photo‐Fenton process is conducted with an ozone generating UV lamp.
Adaptive rangeland management benefits grassland birds utilizing opposing vegetation structure in the shortgrass steppe
Authors: Davis Kristin P. , Augustine David J. , Monroe Adrian P. , Derner Justin D. , Aldridge Cameron L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRangelands are temporally and spatially complex socioecological systems on which the predominant land use is livestock production. In North America, rangelands also contain approximately 80% of remaining habitat for grassland birds, a guild of species that has experienced precipitous declines since the 1970s. While livestock grazing management may benefit certain grassland bird species by generating the vegetation structure and density they prefer, these outcomes are poorly understood for avian species breeding in the shortgrass steppe. We evaluated how two grazing management systems, continuous, season‐long grazing and adaptive, rest‐rotational grazing, affected grassland bird abundance from 2013 to 2017 in Colorado's shortgrass steppe. We examined grazing impacts in conjunction with ecological sites, which constitute unique soil and plant communities. When grazing management was evaluated in conjunction with spatial variation in ecological sites, we found three of our five focal bird species responded to grazing management. McCown's Longspur abundance decreased in pastures rested from grazing the previous year. The effect of grazing on Horned Lark and Grasshopper Sparrow depended on ecological site: Horned Lark density was highest in pastures that were intensively grazed and Grasshopper Sparrow density was highest in pastures that were rested the previous year in the least productive ecological site. In addition, densities of all species varied across ecological sites. Our results suggest consideration of soil and vegetation characteristics can inform how adaptive management is applied on a landscape to benefit the full suite of breeding grassland birds, including species that have seemingly contrasting habitat needs. For example, a manager could target adaptive drought mitigation practices, such as resting pastures for 1 yr to generate grassbanks, in less productive soils to benefit grassland birds that prefer taller/denser vegetation structure, or could apply intensive, short‐duration grazing on less productive soils to benefit species preferring shorter/sparser vegetation. A single year of intensive, short‐duration grazing (i.e., one component of our rotational treatment) across the landscape, however, might not create sufficient habitat for species that prefer short/sparse vegetation in our system (e.g., McCown's Longspur). Ultimately, our study indicates how cattle production on rangelands can congruently support grassland bird populations in the shortgrass steppe.
Bayesian calibration of a growth‐dependent tree mortality model to simulate the dynamics of European temperate forests
Authors: Cailleret Maxime , Bircher Nicolas , Hartig Florian , Hülsmann Lisa , Bugmann Harald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDynamic vegetation models (DVMs) are important tools to understand and predict the functioning and dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems under changing environmental conditions. In these models, uncertainty in the description of demographic processes, in particular tree mortality, is a persistent problem. Current mortality formulations lack realism and are insufficiently constrained by empirical evidence. It has been suggested that empirically estimated mortality submodels would enhanceDVMperformance, but due to the many processes and interactions within aDVM, the claim has rarely been tested. Here, we compare the performance of three alternative growth‐dependent tree mortality submodels in theDVMForClim: (1) a mortality function with theoretical foundation (ForClim v3.3); (2) a mortality function with parameters directly estimated based on forest inventory data; and (3) the same function, but with parameters estimated using an inverse approach through Bayesian calibration (BC). Time series of inventory data from 30 ecologically distinct Swiss natural forest reserves collected over 35+ yr, including the main tree species of Central Europe, were used for the calibration and subsequent validation of the mortality functions and theDVM. The recalibration resulted in mortality parameters that differed from the direct empirical estimates, particularly for the relationship between tree size and mortality. The calibrated parameters outperformed the direct estimates, and to a lesser extent the original mortality function, for predicting decadal‐scale forest dynamics at both calibration and validation sites. The same pattern was observed regarding the plausibility of their long‐term projections under contrasting environmental conditions. Our results demonstrate that inverse calibration may be useful even when direct empirical estimates ofDVMparameters are available, as structural model deficiencies or data problems can result in discrepancies between direct and inverse estimates. Thus, we interpret the good performance of the inversely calibrated model for long‐term projections (which were not a calibration target) as evidence that the calibration did not compensate for model errors. Rather, we surmise that the discrepancy was mainly caused by a lack of representativeness of the mortality data. Our results underline the potential for learning more about elusive processes, such as tree mortality or recruitment, through data integration inDVMs.
Dependent performance of South Australian wind energy facilities with respect to resource and grid availability
Authors: Boretti Alberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Australian Energy Regulator alleges that four operators of wind energy facilities in South Australia did not “perform” properly during the September 2016 statewide blackout in breach of National Electricity Rules (NER). We comment that this claim is incorrect, as wind energy facilities cannot produce energy independent of the resource availability, and the connection to the grid. The NER, that do not have yet a single entry for “wind” or “solar” energy, same of energy “storage,” thus need to be updated to account for the way wind and solar energy is produced. Then we propose specific performance parameters of wind energy facilities. These are the mean and the SD of the capacity factor, sampled with high frequency (5 minutes) over a full year. The Hornsdale wind energy facilities, three of the targeted facilities, are performing with average capacity factors of 0.42, 0.39, and 0.38, better than the National Electricity Market grid average, which is only about 0.33. These capacity factors are still subjected to significant variability, well represented by SDs of the about the same magnitude of the mean values, 0.31, 0.31, and 0.30, respectively, as it is generally true for every other wind energy facility.
Stage‐specific regulation of oligodendrocyte development by Hedgehog signaling in the spinal cord
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Yu Qian , Fang Minxi , Yi Min , Yang Aifen , Xie Binghua , Yang Junlin , Zhang Zunyi , Dai Zhongmin , Qiu Mengsheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElucidation of signaling pathways that control oligodendrocyte (OL) development is a prerequisite for developing novel strategies for myelin repair in neurological diseases. Despite the extensive work outlining the importance of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the commitment and generation of OL progenitor cells (OPCs), there are conflicting reports on the role of Hh signaling in regulating OL differentiation and maturation. In the present study, we systematically investigated OPC specification and differentiation in genetically modified mouse models of Smoothened (Smo), an essential component of the Hh signaling pathway in vertebrates. Through conditional gain‐of‐function strategy, we demonstrated that hyperactivation of Smo in neural progenitors induced transient ectopic OPC generation and precocious OL differentiation accompanied by the co‐induction of Olig2 and Nkx2.2. After the commitment of OL lineage, Smo activity is not required for OL differentiation, and sustained expression of Smo in OPCs stimulated cell proliferation but inhibited terminal differentiation. These findings have uncovered the stage‐specific regulation of OL development by Smo‐mediated Hh signaling, providing novel insights into the molecular regulation of OL differentiation and myelin repair.
Genetic variants of DNAH11 and LRFN2 genes and their association with ovarian and breast cancer
Authors: Verma Sonali , Bakshi Divya , Sharma Varun , Sharma Indu , Shah Ruchi , Bhat Amrita , Bhat Ghulam Rasool , Sharma Bhanu , Wakhloo Ajay , Kaul Sandeep , Heer Vikas , Bhat Audesh , Abrol Deepak , Verma Vijeshwar , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of newly identified genetic variants G>A (rs2285947) of the DNAH11 gene and G>A (rs2494938) of the LRFN2 gene with ovarian and breast cancers in women belonging to Jammu and Kashmir state, where the prevalence of ovarian and breast cancers is remarkably high in the population.MethodsA candidate gene prospective case‐control association study design was adopted, in which 354 cases (219 cases of ovarian cancer and 135 cases of breast cancer) were histopathologically confirmed and 330 healthy controls matched for age and ethnicity were recruited. The details of cases and controls were also recorded in a predesigned pro forma after their written informed consent. Both variants were genotyped by TaqMan allele discrimination assay using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the corrected odds ratio (OR), confidence interval (CI), and level of significance (P value) for potential confounding factors.ResultsThe rs2285947 variant of DNAH11 was found to be significantly associated with both ovarian and breast cancers with adjusted ORs of 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4; P=0.004) and 1.70 (95% CI 1.13–2.54; P=0.0009), respectively. However, no significant association of variant rs2494938 of LRFN2 was observed with ovarian cancer (estimated OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6–1.4; P=0.919) or breast cancer (estimated OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.8–1.9; P=0.216).ConclusionsThe collected data proposed that the variant rs2285947 of DNAH11 gene is a potential risk factor for ovarian and breast cancers in the studied population.
Orthogonal test design for the optimization of superparamagnetic chitosan plasmid gelatin microspheres that promote vascularization of artificial bone
Authors: Tao Chen , Lina Xie , Changxuan Wang , Cong Luo , Xiaolan Yang , Tao Huang , Hong An 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe optimal conditions for the preparation of superparamagnetic chitosan plasmid (pReceiver‐M29‐VEGF165/DH5a) gelatin microspheres (SPCPGMs) were determined. Then, the performance of the SPCPGMs during neovascularization was evaluated in vivo. The SPCPGMs were prepared through a cross‐linking curing method and then filled into the hollow scaffold of an artificial bone. Neovascularization at the bone defect position was histologically examined in samples collected 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the operation. The cellular magnetofection rate of superparamagnetic chitosan nanoparticles/plasmid (pReceiver‐M29‐VEGF165/DH5a) complexes reached 1–3% under static magnetic field (SMF). Meanwhile, the optimal conditions for SPCPGM fabrication were 20% Fe3O4(w/v), 4 mg of plasmid, 5.3 mg of glutaraldehyde, and 500 rpm of emulsification rotate speed. Under oscillating magnetic fields (OMFs), 4–6 μg of plasmids was released daily for 21 days. Under the combined application of SMF and OMF, evident neovascularization occurred at the bone defect position 6 weeks after the operation. This result is expected to provide a new type of angiogenesis strategy for the research of bone tissue engineering.
A comparison of stability of chemical analytes in plasma from the BD Vacutainer® Barricor™ tube with mechanical separator versus tubes containing gel separator
Authors: Gawria Ghassaan , Tillmar Linda , Landberg Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need of prolonged stability of certain chemical analytes in lithium heparin tubes with separators. A new tube with a mechanical separator has recently been launched (Barricor™), which according to the manufacturer may have these benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate stability performance of this tube in comparison with plasma gel tubes under clinically realistic circumstances.MethodsBlood was collected in tubes containing lithium heparin with different separators; gel separator (Vacutainer® PST™, Becton Dickinson and Vacuette®, Greiner bio‐one) and mechanical separator (Vacutainer® Barricor™, Becton Dickinson). All tubes had an aspiration volume of 3 mL and were centrifuged at similar time and force. Tubes were transported manually or by car. Seven analytes from 122 patients were analyzed after 3 to 80 hours by Cobas c701 (Roche).ResultsThe Barricor™ tube showed increased stability of phosphate and potassium and similar stability of aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, homocysteine, lactate dehydrogenase, and magnesium compared with gel tubes. Maximal allowable bias for phosphate was exceeded after 68 hours for Barricor™ tubes compared with 29 or 35 hours for gel tubes and for potassium after 40 hours for Barricor™ tubes vs 9 or 12 hours for gel tubes. Transportation did not affect stability. Hemolysis index was slightly lower in Barricor tubes than in gel tubes (P = .01).ConclusionImplementing the new Barricor™ tube will improve stability of potassium and phosphate in plasma. Blood sampling facilities far from the laboratory may benefit from using these tubes, thus diminishing preanalytical errors.
Bioaugmentation of p‐chloronitrobenzene in bioelectrochemical systems with Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Song Tian‐shun , Zhou Boyi , Wang Haoqi , Huang Qiong , Xie Jingjing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDp‐Chloronitrobenzene (p‐CNB) is easily accumulated in the environment and subsequently is a threat to humans and the ecosystem. The anaerobic process as an important pathway for p‐CNB degradation has a relatively low degradation rate. This study illustrated that the strain Pseudomonas fluorescens was evaluated as the biocatalyst for bioaugmentation to enhance the p‐CNB removal in bioelectrochemical system (BES).RESULTSWhen the initial p‐CNB concentration was 100 mg L−1, the p‐CNB removal efficiency reached 100% at 12 h in BES with P. fluorescens. All the p‐CNB removal efficiencies in BES were higher than that in anaerobic degradation and electrocatalysis. Meantime, the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency was obtained at 89.8% after augmentation with P. fluorescens. During the bioaugmentation, microbial community analysis showed that the main abundance changes were in Pseudomonas, Romboutsia and Macellibacteroides. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed BES with bioaugmentation had the highest activity in reducing p‐CNB and hydrogen evolution. Combined with intermediates analysis, bioaugmentation possibly stimulated nitro reduction and hydrodechlorination rate in p‐CNB reduction.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that BES with P. fluorescens bioaugmentation could serve as a potential treatment process for p‐CNB removal. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Microalgal–bacterial aggregates with flue gas supply as a platform for the treatment of anaerobic digestion centrate
Authors: Vital‐Jácome Miguel , Díaz‐Zamorano Ana L , Cuautle‐Marín Manuel , Moreno Gloria , Buitrón Germán , Muñoz Raúl , Quijano Guillermo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCentrate treatment using microalgal–bacterial processes might be limited by the hydraulic retention time (HRT) required to achieve satisfactory chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients removal. Moreover, the poor settling of microalgal biomass still limits the technical and economic performance of microalgal–bacterial processes. In this work, the performance of microalgal–bacterial aggregates (MABAs) supplied with flue gas was investigated as an effective strategy to improve the treatment of centrate from anaerobic digestion of winery wastewater.RESULTSMABAs supplied with flue gas achieved maximum soluble COD, N‐NO3−, P‐PO43− and N‐NH4+ removal efficiencies of 95%, 94%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, in five‐fold centrate dilution within 7 days of operation. Centrate turbidity or its components did not hinder the performance of the MABAs under the conditions tested and no aggregates were formed in controls without MABAs inoculation. The mean diameter of the MABAs after centrate treatment was the same or even larger than that of the aggregates of the inoculum. Scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that the liquid medium composition influenced the structure and the type of microalgae cells established in the MABAs.CONCLUSIONMABAs‐based centrate treatment supported by flue gas is a promising technology for improving COD and nutrients removal from centrate as well as further biomass harvesting. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry