bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real and financial crises in the Keynes–Kalecki structuralist model: An agent‐based approach
Authors: Gibson Bill , Setterfield Mark 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAgent‐based models are inherently microstructures—with their attention to agent behavior in a field context—and only aggregate up to systems with recognizable macroeconomic characteristics. One might ask why the traditional Keynes–Kalecki or structuralist (KKS) model would bear any relationship to the multi‐agent modeling approach. This paper shows how KKS models might benefit from agent‐based microfoundations, without sacrificing traditional macroeconomic themes, such as aggregate demand, animal spirits and endogenous money. Above all, the integration of the two approaches gives rise to the possibility that a KKS system—stable over many consecutive time periods—might lurch into an uncontrollable downturn, from which a recovery would require outside intervention. As a by‐product of the integration of these two popular approaches, there emerges a cogent analysis of the network structure necessary to bind real and financial agents into an integrated whole. It is seen, contrary to much of the existing literature, that a highly connected financial system does not necessarily lead to more crashes of the integrated system.
Automated assessment of absolute nailfold capillary number on videocapillaroscopic images: Proof of principle and validation in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Cutolo Maurizio , Trombetta Amelia C. , Melsens Karin , Pizzorni Carmen , Sulli Alberto , Ruaro Barbara , Paolino Sabrina , Deschepper Ellen , Smith Vanessa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAbsolute nailfold capillary number should be a putative biomarker in selected rheumatic diseases but could be time‐consuming and not highly repeatable.ObjectiveTo validate an automated software for absolute nailfold capillary number and density evaluation, on NVC images in SSc.MethodsAn automated software to count nailfold capillary number (AUTOCAPI) had been constructed, through an exploratory image set. Subsequently, application rules have been created to define the ROI in NVC images, through a training images set. The software reliability was assessed through calculation of the ICC between automatic and manual counting, by four independent observers, on the same NVC images.ResultsThe following ICC's were obtained per observer, for the patients with SSc (40 images), the healthy (20 images), and the PRP subgroups (20 images), respectively: 0.94, 0.81, and 0.62 (observer 1); 0.94, 0.91, and 0.67 (observer 2); 0.88, 0.56, and 0.64 (observer 3); and 0.88, 0.85, and 0.85 (observer 4).ConclusionsThe validation of an automated software for measuring absolute nailfold capillary number and density in SSc was achieved. The integration into the pre‐existing imaging software should make the assessment of the capillary number in NVC easier, quicker, and standardized.
Sublingual microcirculatory alterations in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Gonzalez Ballerga Esteban , Pozo Mario O. , Rubatto Birri Paolo N. , Kanoore Edul Vanina Siham , Sorda Juan A. , Daruich Jorge , Dubin Arnaldo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess sublingual microcirculation in cirrhotic patients and its relationship to spider angiomas, complications, and outcome.MethodsThirty‐one cirrhotic patients were prospectively compared to 31 matched controls. Sublingual microcirculation was evaluated by videomicroscopy. We specifically looked for capillaries with increased RBCV, which was defined as a velocity higher than the percentile 100th of controls.ResultsCompared to controls, cirrhotic patients showed decreased total and PVD (14.4 ± 2.2 vs 16.0 ± 1.3 and 14.1 ± 2.3 vs 15.9 ± 1.6 mm/mm2, respectively, P < .001 for both) and increased HFI (0.64 ± 0.39 vs 0.36 ± 0.21, P = .001). They also exhibited high RBCV in 2% of the microvessels (P < .0001). Patients with MELD score ≥10 had higher RBCV than patients with score <10 (1414 ± 290 vs 1206 ± 239 μm/s, P < .05). Patients with spider angiomas showed lower vascular densities. Microcirculation did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors.ConclusionsCirrhosis is associated with microcirculatory alterations that can be easily monitored in the sublingual mucosa. Alterations included decreased density and PPV and hyperdynamic microvessels. The most striking finding, however, was the microvascular heterogeneity. Patients with spider angiomas had more severe alterations. Larger studies should clarify the relationship between microcirculatory abnormalities and outcome.
SusE facilitates starch uptake independent of starch binding in B. thetaiotaomicron
Authors: Foley Matthew H. , Martens Eric C. , Koropatkin Nicole M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron starch utilization system (Sus) is a model system for nutrient acquisition by gut Bacteroidetes, a dominant phylum of gut bacteria. The Sus includes SusCDEFG, which assemble on the cell surface to capture, degrade and import starch. While SusD is an essential starch‐binding protein, the precise role(s) of the partially homologous starch‐binding proteins SusE and SusF has remained elusive. We previously reported that a non‐binding version of SusD (SusD*) supports growth on starch when other members of the multi‐protein complex are present. Here we demonstrate that SusE supports SusD* growth on maltooligosaccharides, and determine the domains of SusE essential for this function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SusE does not need to bind starch to support growth in the presence of SusD*, suggesting that the assembly of SusCDE is most important for maltooligosaccharide uptake in this context. However, starch binding by proteins SusDEF directs the uptake of maltooligosaccharides of specific lengths, suggesting that these proteins equip the cell to scavenge a range of starch fragments. These data demonstrate that the assembly of core Sus proteins SusCDE is secondary to their glycan binding roles, but glycan binding by Sus proteins may fine tune the selection of glycans from the environment.
Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis: bacterial canker of tomato, molecular interactions and disease management
Authors: Nandi Munmun , Macdonald Jacqueline , Liu Peng , Weselowski Brian , Yuan Ze‐Chun 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBacterial canker disease is considered to be one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and is caused by the seed‐borne Gram‐positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (Cmm). This vascular pathogen generally invades and proliferates in the xylem through natural openings or wounds, causing wilt and canker symptoms. The incidence of symptomless latent infections and the invasion of tomato seeds by Cmm are widespread. Pathogenicity is mediated by virulence factors and transcriptional regulators encoded by the chromosome and two natural plasmids. The virulence factors include serine proteases, cell wall‐degrading enzymes (cellulases, xylanases, pectinases) and others. Mutational analyses of these genes and gene expression profiling (via quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, transcriptomics and proteomics) have begun to shed light on their roles in colonization and virulence, whereas the expression of tomato genes in response to Cmm infection suggests plant factors involved in the defence response. These findings may aid in the generation of target‐specific bactericides or new resistant varieties of tomato. Meanwhile, various chemical and biological controls have been researched to control Cmm. This review presents a detailed investigation regarding the pathogen Cmm, bacterial canker infection, molecular interactions between Cmm and tomato, and current perspectives on improved disease management.
Confidence of the trembling hand: Bayesian learning with data‐limited stocks
Authors: Holzer Jorge , Qu Qian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that the static view of the Precautionary Principle that limits the risk of overfishing every season may be inconsistent with a dynamic perspective on precaution, where harvest control rules are adopted not only to limit fishing mortality every season, but also to infer extra information on the biological system through time. This additional information is capitalized into higher industry profits, via a reduction in the uncertainty faced by the regulator. Management of data‐poor fisheries typically relies on setting an annual catch limit (ACL) using catch‐based methods that are concerned with estimating a sustainable harvest and hinge on the logic that historic catches reflect a level of exploitation the stock can sustain. The resulting harvest control rules routinely set ACLs at the median (or mean) landings over a reference period, with or without a scalar downward adjustment according to the assumed level of depletion.Recommendations for Resource Managers:
The prevalent use of catch‐based approaches to set ACLs in data‐limited fisheries, scalar methods, or variants that introduce dynamic updates according to estimates of depletion, may be suboptimal. It does not take into consideration the welfare benefits associated with the value of information acquired through alternative harvest control rules.
We demonstrate that perturbations in the form of small, temporary, and intermittent increases to ACLs between stock assessments (combined with a safety valve), the “trembling‐hand,” can increase the permanent value of the stock.
On the one hand, these perturbations translate into a more accurate estimation of the population model in the next assessment, which leads to ACLs closer to the true maximum sustainable yield thereafter. On the other hand, increases in ACLs imply a higher risk of overfishing.
For a wide range of perturbations, the net present value (NPV) of industry profits under the trembling‐hand first‐order stochastically dominates that without perturbation.
The effectiveness of Clostridium botulinum toxin A (Dysport®, AbobotulinumtoxinA) in the management of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and a small number of other maxillofacial conditions; an open cohort study
Authors: White S. , Ahmed B. , Ondhia A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Type A (Dysport®) in treating TMD and a small number of other maxillofacial conditions in our department. The secondary aim was to identify any predictors of outcome.MethodsA retrospective open cohort study; data abstraction from 38 case files.ResultsThe effectiveness of Dysport® in treating TMD lies between 60% and 79%. Sixty‐nine per cent of patients who obtained benefit received repeat treatment.ConclusionsOur findings suggest Dysport® is a safe, well‐tolerated and effective treatment for TMD and Masseteric hypertrophy.
Transgene introgression from Brassica napus to different varieties of Brassica juncea
Authors: Tang Tang , Chen GuiMin , Bu CuiPing , Liu FuXia , Liu Lei , Zhao XiangXiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTransgene introgression from transgenic rapeseed (Brassica napus) to different varieties of B. juncea was assessed in this study. Crossability between a transgenic rapeseed line Z7B10 (pollen donor) and 80 cultivars of 16 B. juncea varieties (including two wild accessions) was estimated by artificial pollination in a greenhouse. As a result, interspecific crossability between the transgenic Z7B10 line and the 80 B. juncea cultivars varied considerably, with seeds per flower from 0.00–10.67. Seed germination rates of the interspecific F1 hybrids ranged from 49.0%–89.3%. The estimated frequencies of natural gene flow from the transgenic Z7B10 line to 10 B. juncea cultivars with different uses in the experiment field varied from 0.08% to 0.93%. The natural F1 hybrids were highly sterile, with seeds per silique ranging from 0.27 to 1.03. In addition, seeds per flower of hybrid descendants varied from 0.02 to 0.22 when F1 hybrids were self‐pollinated, and those ranged from 0.03 to 0.30 when F1 hybrids were backcrossed with their corresponding B. juncea parents. Results of this study suggest a low level of transgene introgression from transgenic rapeseed to different B. juncea varieties, which provides a sound scientific basis for the safety management of coexisting transgenic B. napus and B. juncea varieties in China.
Fine mapping of Rf2, a major locus controlling pollen fertility restoration in sorghum A1 cytoplasm, encodes a PPR gene and its validation through expression analysis
Authors: Madugula Praveen , Uttam Anurag G. , Tonapi Vilas A. , Ragimasalawada Madhusudhana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSorghum is one of the pioneering cereal crops where cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was successfully exploited for mass production of F1 hybrid seed. Mapping genes for fertility restoration (Rf) is an important aspect of understanding the molecular basis of fertility restoration in crop plants. In this study, we fine‐mapped a fertility restoration locus, Rf2 of sorghum reported earlier (Jordan, Mace, Henzell, Klein, & Klein, ), involving two F2 populations (296A × RS29 and 296A × DSV1) and newly developed SSR markers delimited Rf2 locus to 10.32‐kb region on chromosome 2. The Rf2 locus was tightly linked with two new SSRs, MS‐SB02‐3460 (0.14 cM) and MS‐SB02‐3466 (0.75 cM) on both sides, and hosted only one gene (Sobic.002G057050) of PPR gene family. Another new SSR marker developed in the study, MS‐SB02‐37912, forms the part of PPR gene and could act as a perfect marker in marker‐assisted breeding for fertility restoration involving Rf2 in sorghum breeding. The strong involvement of Sobic.002G057050 gene in fertility restoration was supported through RNA expression analysis.
A Framework to Understand Extreme Space Weather Event Probability
Authors: Jonas Seth , Fronczyk Kassandra , Pratt Lucas M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn extreme space weather event has the potential to disrupt or damage infrastructure systems and technologies that many societies rely on for economic and social well‐being. Space weather events occur regularly, but extreme events are less frequent, with a small number of historical examples over the last 160 years. During the past decade, published works have (1) examined the physical characteristics of the extreme historical events and (2) discussed the probability or return rate of select extreme geomagnetic disturbances, including the 1859 Carrington event. Here we present initial findings on a unified framework approach to visualize space weather event probability, using a Bayesian model average, in the context of historical extreme events. We present disturbance storm time (Dst) probability (a proxy for geomagnetic disturbance intensity) across multiple return periods and discuss parameters of interest to policymakers and planners in the context of past extreme space weather events. We discuss the current state of these analyses, their utility to policymakers and planners, the current limitations when compared to other hazards, and several gaps that need to be filled to enhance space weather risk assessments.
When is more frequent hemodialysis beneficial?
Authors: Suri Rita S. , Kliger Alan S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe use of frequent hemodialysis (HD) is growing, with the hope of improving outcomes in end‐stage renal disease. We narratively review the three randomized trials, 15 comparative cohort studies, and several case series of frequent HD that empirically demonstrate the potential efficacy and adverse effects of these regimens. Taken together, the randomized studies suggest frequent HD may result in left ventricular mass regression. This effect is most pronounced when left ventricular mass is abnormal, but attenuated by significant residual urine output. Both frequent short and long HD consistently improved blood pressure control and reduced antihypertensive use, despite greater weekly interdialytic weight gains. Serum phosphate was lowered. Frequent short daytime HD improved health‐related quality of life, while frequent long overnight HD did not. Regarding adverse effects, frequent HD patients underwent significantly more procedures to salvage arteriovenous vascular accesses. An absolute increase in hypotensive episodes was observed with frequent short HD, while frequent long HD accelerated residual renal function loss and increased perceived caregiver burden. The effect of frequent HD on mortality is controversial, due to conflicting results and limitations of published studies. Finally, pregnancy outcomes may be substantially better with frequent long HD. On the basis of these data, we suggest frequent HD is most likely to benefit patients with left ventricular hypertrophy particularly if there is minimal urine output, those unable to attain dry weight on a thrice weekly schedule, and pregnant women. All patients receiving frequent HD should be advised of and monitored for potential risks.
Prevalence and correlates of low physical activity in the Iranian population: National survey on non‐communicable diseases in 2011
Authors: Sahebkar M. , Heidarian Miri H. , Noormohammadpour P. , Akrami R. , Mansournia N. , Tavana B. , Mansournia M. A. , Stamatakis E. 
Published: March 2018

To assess the prevalence and correlates of low physical activity among Iranian population aged 15‐64 years. We used the data collected in National Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non‐Communicable Diseases in Iran, 2011. Physical activity was categorized in 3 levels of low, moderate, and high based on a Persian version of Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The multistage cluster sampling design was accounted for using complex survey analysis method. The sample included 10016 individuals; 41.7% (n = 4178) were men and 58.3% (n = 5837) were women. The mean (SD) age of participants was 38.8 (14.9) years also, and 69.8% (n = 6991) of the participants were from urban areas. The prevalence of low physical activity in the whole population was estimated to be 44.8% (95% CI: 41.7, 48.1). The odds of lower physical activity in the women were 3 times greater than men (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.57); in the wealthiest people was 25% lower than the poorest people (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94). The odds of lower physical activity in the age groups 55‐64 years were 44% greater than the youngest age groups 15‐24 years (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.68). The odds of lower physical activity in the obese participants were 18% greater than normal‐weight people (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38).). The odds of lower physical activity in diabetic patients were 30% greater than healthy people (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.57). The prevalence of low physical activity in Iran, 2011 was high. The correlates of low physical activity in Iran are different to those of Western populations. The main associated factors with low physical activity were female gender, urban area, low socioeconomic status, obesity, diabetes, and older age. Public health policies should target the groups at highest risk of low physical activity.
Silver oxysalts promote cutaneous wound healing independent of infection
Authors: Thomason Helen A. , Lovett Jodie M. , Spina Carla J. , Stephenson Christian , McBain Andrew J. , Hardman Matthew J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChronic wounds often exist in a heightened state of inflammation whereby excessive inflammatory cells release high levels of proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). While low levels of ROS play a fundamental role in the regulation of normal wound healing, their levels need to be tightly regulated to prevent a hostile wound environment resulting from excessive levels of ROS. Infection amplifies the inflammatory response, augmenting levels of ROS which creates additional tissue damage that supports microbial growth. Antimicrobial dressings are used to combat infection; however, the effects of these dressing on the wound environment and healing independent of infection are rarely assessed. Cytotoxic or adverse effects on healing may exacerbate the hostile wound environment and prolong healing. Here we assessed the effect on healing independent of infection of silver oxysalts which produce higher oxidative states of silver (Ag2+/Ag3+). Silver oxysalts had no adverse effect on fibroblast scratch wound closure whilst significantly promoting closure of keratinocyte scratch wounds (34% increase compared with control). Furthermore, dressings containing silver oxysalts accelerated healing of full‐thickness incisional wounds in wild‐type mice, reducing wound area, promoting reepithelialization, and dampening inflammation. We explored the mechanisms by which silver oxysalts promote healing and found that unlike other silver dressings tested, silver oxysalt dressings catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. In addition, we found that silver oxysalts directly released oxygen when exposed to water. Collectively, these data provide the first indication that silver oxysalts promote healing independent of infection and may regulate oxidative stress within a wound through catalysis of hydrogen peroxide.
Multisite Studies Demonstrate Positive Relationship Between Practice Environments and Smoking Cessation Counseling Evidence‐Based Practices
Authors: Newhouse Robin , Byon Ha Do , Storkman Wolf Emily , Johantgen Meg 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTProblemHigh‐quality smoking cessation counseling guidelines for people who use tobacco are not fully integrated in acute‐care services presenting missed opportunities to improve health outcomes. The role of the practice environment on enhancing or inhibiting guideline use is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between the nurse practice environment and nurses’ use of smoking cessation counseling practices, and to evaluate the effect of the individual nurse and organization characteristics on nurse smoking cessation counseling practices.DesignCross‐sectional secondary analysis of survey data from two multisite studies.SampleThe sample included responses from registered nurses (N = 844) in 45 hospitals (22 rural hospitals from the Eastern United States and 23 Magnet hospitals across the United States).MethodsLinear mixed model was used to adjust intradependency among the responses of individual nurses nested within hospitals. Data were abstracted from survey responses including nurse characteristics, the Smoking Cessation Counseling Scale (SCCS), and the Practice Environment Scale‐Nursing Work Index (PES).ResultsIncreasing positive relationships exist between PES and SCCS total and subscales scores. Also, SCCS total scores were significantly related with favorable PES total scores (SCCS score difference of 0.26 between favorable and unfavorable PES scores, SE = .08, p = .002) controlling for other covariates. Non‐White respondents (vs. White) demonstrated a positive association with SCCS total scores (difference of .18, SE = .07, p = .010), but not in advanced counseling.Linking Evidence to ActionNurse practice environments are positively associated with the use of evidence‐based smoking cessation practices by nurses. As practice environments become more favorable, higher level counseling practices occur more often. Healthcare leaders should focus on enhancing the practice environment using a quality improvement approach and framework for evidence translation. Quality improvement initiatives should be prioritized in which high‐quality evidence is available to support nursing processes.