bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation in groundwater governance – outlining a path to inclusive development
Authors: Cuadrado-Quesada Gabriela , Gupta Joyeeta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although there is considerable research on participation, there is little that combines the relationship between access to information, participation and access to justice and how these can be combined to enhance groundwater governance. Hence, this article addresses the question: How can legal frameworks that recognize the right to participation alleviate local groundwater governance problems in different contexts? In order to address this question, this article reviews the literature on participation, law, policy and inclusive development and analyses selected legal frameworks that recognize participation, access to information and access to justice to determine how these frameworks have been implemented in groundwater governance. The selected contexts include Australia and Costa Rica. The findings show that (i) access to information, participation in decision-making and access to justice are mostly employed in a reactive manner to solve groundwater governance problems; (ii) access to information on groundwater ignores particular features of groundwater resources, such as ‘invisibility’, ‘irreversibility’ especially in relation to fossil resources, the local nature, and limited consensus on the data; (iii) meaningful participation is unlikely until information, learning, knowledge, and awareness about groundwater resources is popularized and (iv) factors enhancing access to information and participation in decision-making in groundwater governance include the existence of a water crisis, leadership, government funding dedicated to organize participatory processes; and small-scale and homogenous communities.
Removal of NO3-N in alkaline rare earth industry effluent using modified coconut shell biochar
Authors: You Hanyang , Zhang Yi , Li Wenying , Li Yang , Ma Yanfei , Feng Xuedong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Coconut shell biochar (CSB) was selected as raw material to obtain two kinds of modified biochars by pickling and iron modification. The pickling coconut shell biochar (PCSB) and pickling-iron modified coconut shell biochar (PICSB) were used as adsorbents to remove NO3-N in alkaline rare earth industry effluent. The results showed that pickling smoothed the surface of CSB, and α-FeOOH was formed on the surface of PCSB because of FeCl3 solution modification. Suitable adsorbent dosages of PCSB and PICSB were both 2.0 g/L. The NO3-N adsorption process by PCSB and PICSB both reached equilibrium at 30 min. The quasi-first-order kinetic model shows good fit to the NO3-N adsorption by PCSB. Whereas, the quasi-second-order kinetic model is more suitable for PICSB adsorbing NO3-N. The adsorption mechanisms of PICSB for NO3-N removal were ligand exchange and electrostatic attraction, and that of PCSB for NO3-N removal was electrostatic attraction. The NO3-N adsorption amounts of PCSB and PICSB decreased with increasing adsorption temperature and pH. The maximum NO3-N adsorption amounts of PCSB and PICSB were 15.14 mg/L and 10.75 mg/L respectively with adsorbent dosage of 2.0 g/L, adsorption time of 30 min, adsorption temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, and initial solution pH of 2.01.
O interrogatório policial à luz de fenômenos discursivos intrínsecos à argumentação
Authors: Konrad Paola Gabriela , Giering Maria Eduarda 
Published: September 2019

Este estudo, amparado pela concepção de ethos proposta por Amossy (2005) e pelos clássicos tipos de argumentos apresentados por Fiorin (2015), propõe-se a analisar fragmentos de fala pertencentes ao gênero discursivo interrogatório policial de modo a investigar (1) se o ethos prévio (AMOSSY, 2005) ou pré-discursivo (MAINGUENEAU, 2008) dos participantes do interrogatório policial se confirma no ethos discursivo dos enunciadores; e (2) os tipos de argumentos (FIORIN, 2015) utilizados pelos enunciadores do interrogatório policial. O corpus deste estudo advém de gravações em áudio e vídeo de três interrogatórios policiais de uma Delegacia de Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Quanto ao primeiro propósito deste estudo, no que tange aos policiais, seu ethos prévio se confirma discursivamente em todos os fragmentos de fala analisados. Em relação aos interrogados, a sua imagem prévia é reelaborada ao longo do discurso. Concernente ao segundo propósito deste estudo, uma série de tipo de argumentos são utilizados pelos enunciadores nos interrogatórios policiais, a saber: argumento de comparação, argumentum ad hominem, argumentum ad verecundiam, argumentum ad misericordiam e argumentum ad baculum. Por fim, a análise revela que os tipos de argumentos utilizados pelos policiais e pelos interrogados nas interações operam como recurso para a construção do ethos dos enunciadores.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Argumentação; Ethos; Tipos de Argumentos; Interrogatório Policial.
Synthesis and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Phenacyl Esters of N-Aroyl Amino Acids
Authors: Emimmal Maida Engels Selvaraj , Sankar Veintramuthu 
Published: September 2019

Background:Obesity has become a major life-threatening disorder as it is associated with many risk factors such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, type II diabetes and certain forms of cancer. Pancreatic lipase inhibition is one of the alternate strategies to treat obesity. In our previous study, phenacyl ester of N-sulphonyl beta alanine was obtained as a hit molecule when pharmacophore- based virtual screening was carried out using reported pancreatic lipase inhibitors.Objective:In search of novel pancreatic lipase inhibitors, three series of phenacyl esters of Nsubstituted amino acids were synthesized and evaluated for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.Methods:N-aroylation of amino acids and subsequent esterification with different phenacyl bromides in the presence of N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) afforded the corresponding phenacyl esters in quantitative yields.Results:The synthesized compounds were found to have good pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and showed IC50 in the range of 0.036 and 84 μg/ml.Conclusion:All the synthesized compounds showed better pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and it indicates that the N-aroylated phenacyl esters could be considered as lead moiety for further studies to develop novel anti-obesity potentials.
Depression and Anxiety in Pathways of Medically Assisted Reproduction: The Role of Infertility Stress Dimensions
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Dèttore Davide , Coccia Maria Elisabetta 
Published: September 2019

Background:Depressive and anxious symptoms are common psychological reactions to infertility and Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR). No study compared depressive and anxious symptoms and infertility stress dimensions across homologous and heterologous MAR, nor explored the specific role of the infertility stress dimensions in the two pathways. Homologous MAR may be associated with higher distress as the couple feel that the responsibility to reproduce and carry on the family line falls on them, and they feel inadequate if they are unable to bear children.Objective:We compared depressive/anxious symptoms and infertility stress dimensions between individuals undergoing homologous and heterologous MAR. We also explored the association between the infertility stress dimensions and depressive/anxious symptoms separately in two MAR pathways.Methods:Two-hundred twenty-six individuals participated [mean age = 39.71 years; 54.45% women]: 118 (52.2%) in homologous and 108 (47.8%) in heterologous MAR. The Fertility Problem Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y form were administered.Results:Individuals in homologous MAR had higher depressive/state-trait anxious symptoms, general infertility stress, and infertility-related sexual concerns than those in heterologous MAR. In homologous MAR, social and sexual concerns were associated with depressive/trait anxious symptoms while gender had no effect. In heterologous MAR, male gender was associated with lower state anxious symptoms while infertility stress dimensions had no effect.Conclusion:Individuals in homologous MAR are a more distressed subgroup which requires a tailored supportive psychological intervention specifically on sexual and social concerns.
New Perspectives in the Treatment of Tumor Cells by Electromagnetic Radiation at Resonance Frequencies in Cellular Membrane Channels
Authors: Calabrò Emanuele , Magazù Salvatore 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The use of electromagnetic fields has been considered as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of cancer given that some clinical trials have shown that the irradiation of cancer cells with electromagnetic fields can slow down the disease progression.

Aims:
We hypothesize that this effect could be amplified by irradiating tumor cells with electromagnetic fields having frequencies close to the natural resonant frequencies of membrane channels in tumor cells, in order to obtain a significant change of the ion flux across tumor cell membrane channels, inducing the largest harmful alteration in their cellular function.

Methods:
Neuronal-like cells were used as a cell model and exposed for 6 h to electromagnetic fields at different frequencies (0, 50 Hz, 900 MHz) at the same intensity of 2 mT. The exposure system was represented by two Helmholtz coils driven by a power amplifier in current mode and an arbitrary function generator. FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the results of the exposure.

Results:
The results of this study showed that the Amide I vibration band increased in intensity with the increase of the frequency, leading us to assume that the displacement of the cell channels α-helices depends on the frequency of the applied electromagnetic fields.

Conclusion:
This preliminary result leads us to plan future research aimed at searching for the natural frequencies of membrane channels in tumor cells using resonant electromagnetic fields in order to damage the cellular functions of tumor cells. Clinical trials are needed to confirm such a hypothesis derived from this physical study.
Enhanced Reusability of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized onto Graphene Oxide/Magnetic Chitosan Beads for Cost Effective Cholesterol Oxidase Assay
Authors: Sahu Shraddha , Shera Shailendra Singh , Banik Rathindra Mohan 
Published: September 2019

Background:Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is an important biocatalyst extensively used in enzymatic reactions. Cholesterol oxidase (ChoX) is a commercially valuable enzyme used in the estimation of cholesterol in human serum. ChoX is an oxygen oxidoreductase class of enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol in the presence of O2, liberating hydrogen peroxide H2O2as a by-product. HRP catalyzes the reduction of this H2O2in the presence of a redox dye (chromophore), producing a pink colored Quinoneimine which can be measured spectrophotometrically. The use of soluble HRP makes this assay method expensive for each time use and the recovery of HRP is not possible.Objective:Our aim was to prepare the HRP immobilized beads having magnetic properties for the ease of separation and increasing the reusability of HRP for the low cost ChoX assay.Methods:In the present work, we prepared magnetic chitosan beads using chitosan-Fe2O3nanoparticle blend coated with Graphene Oxide (GO), and subsequently activated with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA). Enzyme loaded beads were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis.Results:The immobilization efficiency was ~80% and the immobilized HRP retained 90% of its initial activity up to 12 times reuse. The pH and temperature optima were shifted from 6.5 and 50°C for soluble HRP to 7.0 and 55°C for the immobilized HRP, respectively. Storage stability of immobilized HRP was 93.72% and 60.97% after 30 and 60 days storage respectively, at 4°C.Conclusion:On the basis of the present study, the HRP loaded magnetic chitosan/graphene oxide beads could be used for low-cost ChoX assay at laboratory scale due to its enhanced reusability and stability.
The Combined Lambrinudi and Ankle Arthrodesis with Ring External Fixation in the Long-term Severe Neuromuscular Equinocavovarus Deformity with Ankle and Hindfoot Osteoarthritis: The Cases Presentation and Modified Guideline of Treatment
Authors: Rajbhandari Prasit , Angthong Chayanin , Zang Jiancheng , Qin Sihe , Veljkovic Andrea 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Severe equinocavovarus deformity develops from various causes and generally results in major disability that affects patient’s mobility and quality of life. It can be divided into neuromuscular and non-neuromuscular deformities, including two major subtypes: i.e., paralytic and spastic. In addition, ankle osteoarthritis could be caused by prolonged or progressive foot deformity.

Objective:
The present report proposes a modification of the accepted treatment algorithm and Lambrinudi’s surgical technique with ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis to correct theses challenging deformities with the long-term condition.

Results:
Two equinocavovarus cases were included, one in a 54-year old male and the second in a 63-year old female with paralaytic and spastic etiologies respectively. Patient’s deformity correction was acceptable. Each patient demonstrated improved outcomes due to a postoperative plantigrade foot and ankle position. No significant complications were encountered during the course of care and last follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 26 months.

Conclusion:
Severe long term neuromuscular equinocavovarus deformities are a challenging disability in the foot and ankle surgery. The present article proposes a modified guideline of treatment illustrated in two representative case studies of long-term paralytic and spastic equinocavovarus deformities. These conditions can be treated surgically using the stepwise approach as demonstrated in this article with acceptable outcomes.
Current Review on Herbs for Derma Care
Authors: Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Saraswat Nikita , Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita 
Published: September 2019

Background:A large number of cosmetic formulations have been developed based on herbs. Indian women have been using herbs such as sandalwood, aloe for skincare protection, since ages. In India, the rich cultural heritage is behind the materials used in cosmetics from the earliest period of medical and cosmetic art.Objective:Continuous application of synthetic compounds on the skin causes many adverse effects such as skin irritation, allergy, discoloration, rashes along with skin cancer. The aim of this review article is to explore herbs for different skincare needs.Materials and Methods:A literature search was done on various herbs used for skin nourishment, cleansing, sun-screens, bleach, anti-ageing, moisturization and other skin requirements.Results:There are various herbs present in nature. They improve and clarify skin gently in an utmost manner.Conclusion:These herbs are full of phytoconstituents, having natural goodness to fulfill the different demands of skin.
Mitotherapy as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Fu Ailing 
Published: September 2019

Background:The mitochondrion is a multi-functional organelle that is mainly responsible for energy supply in the mammalian cells. Over 100 human diseases are attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial therapy (mitotherapy) aims to transfer functional exogenous mitochondria into mitochondria-defective cells for recovery of the cell viability and consequently, prevention of the disease progress.Conclusion:Mitotherapy makes the of modulation of cell survival possible, and it would be a potential therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases.Objective:The review summarizes the evidence on exogenous mitochondria that can directly enter mammalian cells for disease therapy following local and intravenous administration, and suggests that when healthy cells donate their mitochondria to damaged cells, the mitochondrial transfer between cells serve as a new mode of cell rescue. Then the transferred mitochondria play their roles in recipient cells, including energy production and maintenance of cell function.
Utility-Based SK-Clustering Algorithm for Privacy Preservation of Anonymized Data in Healthcare
Authors: Shobana G. , Shankar S. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The increasing need for various data publishers to release or share the
healthcare datasets has imparted a threat for the privacy and confidentiality of the Electronic Medical
Records. However, the main goal is to share useful information thereby maximizing utility as
well as ensuring that sensitive information is not disclosed. There always exist utility-privacy
tradeoff which needs to be handled properly for the researchers to learn statistical properties of the
datasets.

Objective:
The objective of the research article is to introduce a novel SK-Clustering algorithm that
overcomes identity disclosure, attribute disclosure and similarity attacks. The algorithm is evaluated
using metrics such as discernability measure and relative error so as to show its performance compared
with other clustering algorithms.

Methodology:
The SK-Clustering algorithm flexibly adjusts the level of protection for high utility.
Also the size of the clusters is minimized dynamically based on the requirements of the protection
required and we add extra tuples accordingly. This will drastically reduce information loss thereby
increasing utilization.

Results:
For a k-value of 50 the discernabilty measure of SK algorithm is 65000 whereas the Mondrian
algorithm exhibits 70000 discernability measure and the Anatomy algorithm has a discernability
measure of 150000. Similarly, the relative error of our algorithm is less than 10% for a tuple
count of 35000 when compared to other k-anonymity algorithms.

Conclusion:
The proposed algorithm executes more competently in terms of minimal discernability
measure as well as relative error, thereby proving higher data utility compared with traditionally
available algorithms.
Implementation Effectiveness of a Parent-Directed YouTube Video (“It Doesn’t Have To Hurt”) on Evidence-Based Strategies to Manage Needle Pain: Descriptive Survey Study
Authors: Chambers Christine T , Dol Justine , Parker Jennifer A , Caes Line , Birnie Kathryn A , Taddio Anna , Campbell-Yeo Marsha , Halperin Scott A , Langille Jennifer 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundDespite the availability of high-quality evidence and clinical practice guidelines for the effective management of pediatric pain, this evidence is rarely used in practice for managing children’s pain from needle procedures such as vaccinations. Parents are generally unaware of pain management strategies they can use with their children.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate the implementation effectiveness of a parent-directed YouTube video on evidence-based strategies to manage needle pain in children.MethodsThis was a descriptive study. Analytics were extracted from YouTube to describe video reach. A Web-based survey was used to seek parent and health care professional (HCP) feedback about the video. The 2-minute 18-second video was launched on YouTube on November 4, 2013. In the video, a 4-year-old girl tells parents what they should and should not do to help needles hurt less. The key evidence-based messages shared in the video were distraction, deep breathing, and topical anesthetic creams. A group of parents (n=163) and HCPs (n=278) completed the Web-based survey. Measures of reach included number of unique views, country where the video was viewed, sex of the viewer, and length of watch time. The Web-based survey assessed implementation outcomes of the video, such as acceptability, appropriateness, penetration, and adoption.ResultsAs of November 4, 2018 (5 years after launch), the video had 237,132 unique views from 182 countries, with most viewers watching an average of 55.1% (76/138 seconds) of the video. Overall, both parents and HCPs reported strong acceptance of the video (ie, they liked the video, found it helpful, and felt more confident) and reported significant improvements in plans to use distraction, deep breathing, and topical anesthetic creams.ConclusionsThis parent-directed YouTube video was an acceptable and appropriate way to disseminate evidence about the procedure of pain management to a large number of parents.
Serum Phosphate and Microvascular Function in a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Ginsberg Charles , Houben Alfons J.H.M. , Malhotra Rakesh , Berendschot Tos T.J.M. , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Kooman Jeroen P. , Webers Caroll A. , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Ix Joachim H. 
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives
Higher serum phosphate is associated with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Explanations of this association have focused on large vessel calcification and stiffness. Studies suggest that a higher serum phosphate induces microvascular dysfunction, but relationships in humans with direct measures of microvascular function are lacking.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3189 community-living participants that underwent skin capillaroscopy, laser-Doppler flowmetry, and flicker light–induced retinal vessel responses. We used linear regression to assess the association between serum phosphate and each microvascular outcome. The primary outcome was skin capillary recruitment during postocclusive peak reactive hyperemia by capillaroscopy. Secondary outcomes included capillary recruitment during venous congestion, heat-induced skin hyperemic response, flicker light–induced retinal arteriolar, and venular dilation.

Results
The mean age of the cohort was 59±8 years, 48% were women, 7% had an eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and the mean serum phosphate concentration was 3.2±0.5 mg/dl. A 1 mg/dl higher serum phosphate was independently associated with a 5.0% lower postocclusive capillary recruitment (95% CI, −10.0% to −0.1%). Results were similar for capillary recruitment with venous congestion (−4.5%; 95% CI, −9.8% to 0.7%). A 1 mg/dl higher serum phosphate was also independently associated with a 0.23% lower retinal venular dilation in response to flicker light (95% CI, −0.44% to −0.02%). A higher serum phosphate was not associated with change in flicker light–induced retinal arteriolar dilation or heat-induced skin hyperemic response, however a higher serum phosphate was associated with a lower heat-induced skin hyperemic response among men (−149% [95% CI, −260 to −38] per 1 mg/dl higher serum phosphate) but not women (P interaction, 0.01).

Conclusions
Higher serum phosphate concentrations, even within the normal range, are associated with microvascular dysfunction in community-living individuals.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_09_20_CJN02610319.mp3
The Information Value of Qualified and Adverse Audit Reports: Evidence from the Municipal Sector
Authors: Edmonds Christopher T. , Leece Ryan D. , Vermeer Beth Y. , Vermeer Thomas E. 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARY
This study investigates whether qualified/adverse audit opinions on the fairness of the financial statements impact market yields for city/county general obligation bonds. Although state and local governments represent a significant part of the U.S. economy, the value of external assurance in this market is questionable given the untimely nature of municipal audit reports. We find evidence consistent with municipal bond market participants penalizing counties and local governments with qualified/adverse audit opinions for both primary market issuances and secondary trading. For example, in a propensity score matched sample, we find that, on average, primary market yields are higher by 34 higher basis points for municipalities receiving qualified/adverse audit opinions. Our primary market findings hold for two matched samples (attribute and propensity score), a within-sample analysis, and a number of robustness tests. The results suggest that municipal investors value the information content of an independent audit report.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.