bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EXPERT REVOLUTION
Authors: Palmer Kelly , Blake David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany managers and leaders, Palmer and Blake believe, have an outdated conception of organizational learning. They remind them that they “already have lots of experts in [their] workforce.” They point to research from their own company, Degreed, and elsewhere about how employees learn not just from an organization's learning management system, but from “employees' self‐directed learning from all of the free, informal content that is available.” A learning analytics model is described that allows companies to analyze data about how people are learning at four different levels: industry, company, organizational/team, and individual. It boils down to this: “Companies need to know if they have people with the skills that will take them into the future.”
Counterion Effect of Amine Salts on Ring‐Opening Polymerization of 1,3‐Benzoxazines
Authors: Akkus Buket , Kiskan Baris , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe effect of nucleophilicity of counterions of amine HX salts as catalysts on the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of 1,3‐benzoxazines is investigated. The significant reduction observed for the ROP temperature is related to the nucleophilicity of counterions and found to show a general trend as I− > Br− > Cl−, as studied by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the latent character of the amine salts is also demonstrated by tracking the benzoxazine–amine salt mixtures using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The spectral analysis gives evidences for the dormant nature of the amine HX salts toward benzoxazine at room temperature in solvent. Besides, thermal stabilities of the cured benzoxazine monomers with and without catalysts are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis.
The clinical features, underlying immunology, and treatment of autoantibody‐mediated movement disorders
Authors: Damato Valentina , Balint Bettina , Kienzler Anne‐Kathrin , Irani Sarosh R. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of movement disorders are associated with autoantibodies. Many of these autoantibodies target the extracellular domain of neuronal surface proteins and associate with highly specific phenotypes, suggesting they have pathogenic potential. Below, we describe the phenotypes associated with some of these commoner autoantibody‐mediated movement disorders, and outline increasingly well‐established mechanisms of autoantibody pathogenicity which include antigen downregulation and complement fixation. Despite these advances, and the increasingly robust evidence for improved clinical outcomes with early escalation of immunotherapies, the underlying cellular immunology of these conditions has received little attention. Therefore, here, we outline the likely roles of T cells and B cells in the generation of autoantibodies, and reflect on how these may guide both current immunotherapy regimes and our future understanding of precision medicine in the field. In addition, we summarise potential mechanisms by which these peripherally‐driven immune responses may reach the central nervous system. We integrate this with the immunologically‐relevant clinical observations of preceding infections, tumours and human leucocyte antigen‐associations to provide an overview of the therapeutically‐relevant underlying adaptive immunology in the autoantibody‐mediated movement disorders. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Transurethral ultrasound therapy of the prostate in the presence of calcifications: A simulation study
Authors: Suomi Visa , Treeby Bradley , Jaros Jiri , Makela Pietari , Anttinen Mikael , Saunavaara Jani , Sainio Teija , Kiviniemi Aida , Blanco Roberto 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTransurethral ultrasound therapy is an investigational treatment modality which could potentially be used for the localized treatment of prostate cancer. One of the limiting factors of this therapy is prostatic calcifications. These attenuate and reflect ultrasound and thus reduce the efficacy of the heating. The aim of this study is to investigate how prostatic calcifications affect therapeutic efficacy, and to identify the best sonication strategy when calcifications are present.MethodsRealistic computational models were used on clinical patient data in order to simulate different therapeutic situations with naturally occurring calcifications as well as artificial calcifications of different sizes (1–10 mm) and distances (5–15 mm). Furthermore, different sonication strategies were tested in order to deliver therapy to the untreated tissue regions behind the calcifications.ResultsThe presence of calcifications in front of the ultrasound field was found to increase the peak pressure by 100% on average while the maximum temperature only rose by 9% during a 20‐s sonication. Losses in ultrasound energy were due to the relatively large acoustic impedance mismatch between the prostate tissue and the calcifications (1.63 vs 3.20 MRayl) and high attenuation coefficient (0.78 vs 2.64 dB/MHz1.1/cm), which together left untreated tissue regions behind the calcifications. In addition, elevated temperatures were seen in the region between the transducer and the calcifications. Lower sonication frequencies (1–4 MHz) were not able to penetrate through the calcifications effectively, but longer sonication durations (20–60 s) with selective transducer elements were effective in treating the tissue regions behind the calcifications.ConclusionsProstatic calcifications limit the reach of therapeutic ultrasound treatment due to reflections and attenuation. The tissue regions behind the calcifications can possibly be treated using longer sonication durations combined with proper transducer element selection. However, caution should be taken with calcifications located close to sensitive organs such as the urethra, bladder neck, or rectal wall.
Use of a laser‐guided collimation system to perform direct kilovoltage x‐ray spectra measurements on a linear accelerator onboard imager
Authors: Grelewicz Zachary , Belcher Andrew H. , Wiersma Rodney D. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe increased use of image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) has led to increased use of kV on board imaging (OBI) devices. At present, directly measured OBI beam quality data have only been reported in terms of half‐value layers (HVL). However, the HVL metric alone does not give the full OBI energy spectra as needed for accurate beam modeling. Although direct kV spectrometer devices exist they typically suffer from detector pile‐up when used with OBI sources. We therefore present, for the first time, a novel laser‐guided collimation system that allows direct measurement of the full energy spectrum for clinical OBI systems.MethodsSeveral clinically relevant spectra (80, 100, and 125 kVp), with and without the half bow‐tie filter, were measured using a thermoelectric cooled cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector paired with a multichannel analyzer. To prevent detector saturation, the photon flux at the detector was reduced by use of an in‐house designed laser‐guided collimation system. After applying energy bin corrections, direct spectroscopic measurements were compared to Monte Carlo (MC) simulated spectra in order to verify accuracy of collected data. Both percent depth dose (PDD) curves and digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) were compared using the measured vs MC spectra.ResultsMeasured and MC spectra agree with RMSD between 1.96% and 3.29%. PDD curves generated from the measured and MC spectra were found to match except for in the small buildup region, with an overall match for the six beams ranging between 0.3% and 2.7% RMSD. DRRs matched well with a maximum difference in contrast of 1.1% and RMSD of 0.46% contrast for various materials in DRRs.ConclusionsThe use of a laser‐guided collimation system provided a method for quickly obtaining highly accurate kV spectrum data from OBI sources. For kV dose or DRR calculation, it was found that both spectra produced similar results.
Multiband RF pulse design for realistic gradient performance
Authors: Abo Seada Samy , Price Anthony N. , Schneider Torben , Hajnal Joseph V. , Malik Shaihan J. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeSimultaneous multi‐slice techniques are reliant on multiband RF pulses, for which conventional design strategies result in long pulse durations, lengthening echo‐times so lowering SNR for spin‐echo imaging, and lengthening repetition times for gradient echo sequences. Pulse durations can be reduced with advanced RF pulse design methods that use time‐variable selection gradients. However, the ability of gradient systems to reproduce fast switching pulses is often limited and can lead to image artifacts when ignored. We propose a time‐efficient pulse design method that inherently produces gradient waveforms with lower temporal bandwidth.MethodsEfficient multiband RF pulses with time‐variable gradients were designed using time‐optimal VERSE. Using VERSE directly on multiband pulses leads to gradient waveforms with high temporal bandwidth, whereas VERSE applied first to singleband RF pulses and then modulated to make them multiband, significantly reduces this. The relative performance of these approaches was compared using simulation and experimental measurements.ResultsApplying VERSE before multiband modulation was successful at removing out‐of‐band slice distortion. This effectively removes the need for high frequency modulation in the gradient waveform while preserving the benefit of time‐efficiency inherited from VERSE.ConclusionWe propose a time‐efficient RF pulse design that produces gradient pulses with lower temporal bandwidth, reducing image artifacts associated with finite temporal bandwidth of gradient systems.
Influence of the extracellular matrix on water mobility in subcortical gray matter
Authors: Georgi Jakob , Metere Riccardo , Jäger Carsten , Morawski Markus , Möller Harald E. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeWater mobility in tissues is related to the microstructure that modulates diffusion and spin relaxation. Previous work has shown that the extracellular matrix (ECM) impacts water diffusion in cartilage. To investigate if similar contributions to image contrast exist for brain, which is characterized by a substantially lower ECM content, diffusion and relaxation were studied in fixed samples from goat and human thalamus before and after enzymatic digestion of ECM compounds. Selected experiments in human corpus callosum were included for comparing subcortical gray matter and white matter.MethodsDigestion of matrix components was achieved by treatment with hyaluronidase. Nonlocalized pulsed field gradient measurements were performed with values between 0.6 and 18,000 s/mm2 at 3T and temperatures between 0°C and 20°C, in addition to T1 and T2 relaxation measurements. The data were fitted to multiexponential models to account for different water compartments. After the measurements, the samples were sliced and stained for ECM‐sensitive markers to verify efficient digestion.ResultsMicrostructural alterations associated with hyaluronan digestion did not lead to measurable effects on water diffusion or . However, T1 of the main relaxographic component, attributed to intra‐/extracellular water, decreased by 7%.ConclusionInvestigations with very strong gradients did not reveal a detectable effect on water diffusion or after hyaluronan removal, indicating that the brain ECM content is too low to produce a detectable effect. The subtle alteration of T1 upon hyaluronidase treatment might reflect a modulation of intercompartmental water exchange properties.
Thoughts for the Future of Aquaculture Nutrition: Realigning Perspectives to Reflect Contemporary Issues Related to Judicious Use of Marine Resources in Aquafeeds
Authors: Turchini Giovanni M , Trushenski Jesse T , Glencross Brett D 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In recent decades, aquaculture nutrition research has made major strides in identifying alternatives to the use of traditional marine-origin resources. Feed manufacturers worldwide have used this information to replace increasing amounts of fish meal and fish oil in aquafeeds. However, reliance on marine resources remains an ongoing constraint, and the progress yielded by continued unidimensional research into alternative raw materials is becoming increasingly marginal. Feed formulation is not an exercise in identifying “substitutes” or “alternatives” but rather is a process of identifying different combinations of “complementary” raw materials—including fish meal, fish oil, and others—that collectively meet established nutrient requirements and other criteria for the aquafeed in question. Nutrient-based formulation is the day-to-day reality of formulating industrially compounded aquafeeds, but this approach is less formally and explicitly addressed in aquaculture research and training programs. Here, we (re)introduce these topics and explore the reasons that marine-origin ingredients have long been considered the “gold standards” of aquafeed formulation. We highlight a number of ways in which this approach is flawed and constrains innovation before delving into the need to assess raw materials based on their influence on aquafeed manufacturing techniques. We conclude with a brief commentary regarding the future funding and research landscape. Incremental progress may continue through the accumulation of small insights, but a more holistic research strategy—aligned with industry needs and focused on nutrient composition and ingredient complementarity—is what will spur future advancement in aquaculture nutrition.
Synthesis of prednisolone molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles by precipitation polymerization
Authors: Phungpanya Chalida , Chaipuang Angkana , Machan Theeraphan , Watla‐iad Kanchana , Thongpoon Chalermporn , Suwantong Orawan 
Published: September 2018

The prednisolone molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (prednisolone‐MIPs) were prepared via precipitation polymerization. The synthetic conditions were performed by optimizing of functional monomers (acrylamide and methacrylic acid) and crosslinkers (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate) with defined the synthetic ratio of template molecule:functional monomer:crosslinker as 1:7:30. The acquired MIPs were studied for their binding quantitation by kinetic adsorption analysis. Two of four synthetic conditions reached an equilibrium binding capacity at 960 minutes. In addition, the equilibrium adsorption, kinetic models, adsorption isotherms, and molecular selectivity were also evaluated in this study. The pseudo‐second order was the best fitted kinetic model with good agreement on Langmuir isotherm of both optimum conditions. The molecular recognition of prednisolone‐MIPs was further carried out to demonstrate the selectivity performance and found that prednisolone‐MIPs had a good recognition to target prednisolone rather than structural analogue.
From thrombasthenia to next generation thrombocytopenia: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia induced by maternal Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Authors: Barg Assaf Arie , Hauschner Hagit , Luboshitz Jacob , Livnat Tami , Straus Tzipi , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Lubetsky Aharon , Rosenberg Nurit , Kenet Gili 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of platelet function caused by mutations in the genes coding for integrin αIIbβ3. The aim of this study was to examine the outcome of newborns of GT mothers, with emphasis on thrombocytopenia and bleeding manifestations and their relation to maternal antiplatelet antibodies.ProcedureMedical files of all female patients with GT treated in a single tertiary center from 1999 to 2017 were searched for details on pregnancy and birth. The medical files of their newborns were retrieved, and data on the postnatal course were collected.ResultsNine babies were born to five patients with GT at our center during the study period. Three of the nine newborns had severe thrombocytopenia, and all three were offspring of GT mothers who were positive for antiplatelet antibodies.ConclusionPregnant GT patients should be examined for platelet antibodies. Assessment and management protocols (including treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins) for fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia should be considered.
Insulin‐dependent diabetes: A chronic complication to acute pancreatitis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wolthers Benjamin Ole , Mogensen Pernille R. , Frandsen Thomas L. , Abrahamsson Jonas , Behrendtz Mikael , Heyman Mats , Lohi Olli , Norén‐Nyström Ulrika , Ruud Ellen , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPancreatitis is a frequent toxicity to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment, significantly associated with asparaginase use, and may be followed by severe complications such as acute hyperglycaemia, need for mechanical ventilation, pseudocysts, and death. Here, we provide novel data on seven patients diagnosed with diabetes after pancreatitis and still requiring insulin treatment after a median follow‐up of 4.2 years (range: 1.7–9.2). We describe the clinical course of pancreatitis and illustrate the association between pancreatic pseudocysts, older age, and development of insulin‐dependent diabetes. Together, this study documents the persisting burden of pancreatitis in childhood ALL and underlines the need for plasma glucose level monitoring.
Selection of galectin‐3 ligands derived from genetically encoded glycopeptide libraries
Authors: Vinals Daniel Ferrer , Kitov Pavel I. , Tu Zhijay , Zou Chunxia , Cairo Christopher W. , Lin Hans Chun‐Hung , Derda Ratmir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article, we used genetically encoded fragment‐based discovery (GE‐FBD) approach to identify glycopeptides that bind to the carbohydrate recognition domain of the human galectin‐3 (G3C). We generated 6 chemically identical phage libraries Ser‐[X]4‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly, built on variable combinations of redundant Ser and Gly codons. Oxime ligation of hydroxylamine derivatives of galactose (Gal), glucose (Glu), mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), and xylose (Xyl) produced a glycopeptide library in which both peptide and glycan can be decoded via DNA sequencing. Screening of this library against G3C identified 1062 combinations of monosaccharides and peptides that exhibited a significant (P < .05) enrichment on G3C and not control selections. Glycopeptides Gal‐WKPE, Gal‐WHVP, and Gal‐LSMA displayed on phage exhibited up to 63‐fold increase in binding potency to G3C when compared to phage displaying random glycopeptide or nonglycosylated SWKPE, SWHVP, and SLSMA. This work mapped the boundary conditions of the GE‐FBD approach with respect to the affinity of individual fragments. We observed that fragments with no detectable affinity (Glu, Xyl, and Rha) diverted the selection toward ligands that bind to G3C equally well with or without the glycan. Weak fragments (Gal, 10 mM) could effectively steer the selection toward G3C ligands in which glycan and peptide bind synergistically.
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: The Dark Horse of the Dark Proteome
Authors: Kulkarni Prakash , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA good portion of the ‘protein universe’ embodies the ‘dark proteome’. The latter comprises proteins not amenable to experimental structure determination by existing means and inaccessible to homology modeling. Hence, the dark proteome has remained largely unappreciated. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that lack rigid 3D structure are a major component of this dark proteome across all three kingdoms of life. Despite lack of structure, IDPs play critical roles in numerous important biological processes. Furthermore, IDPs serve as crucial constituents of proteinaceous membrane‐less organelles (PMLOs), where they often serve as drivers and controllers of biological liquid–liquid phase transitions responsible for the PMLO biogenesis. In this perspective, the role of IDPs is discussed in i) the origin of prebiotic life and the evolution of the first independent primordial living unit akin to Tibor Gánti's chemoton, which preceded the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA), ii) role in multicellularity and hence, in major evolutionary transitions, and iii), their role in phenotypic switching, and the emergence of new traits and adaptive opportunities via non‐genetic, protein‐based mechanisms. The emerging picture suggests that despite being major constituents of the dark matter, IDPs may be the dark horse in the protein universe.
Barriers to psychosocial oncology service utilization in patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer
Authors: Cohen Alexandra , Ianovski Lola E. , Frenkiel Saul , Hier Michael , Zeitouni Anthony , Kost Karen , Mlynarek Alex , Richardson Keith , Black Martin , MacDonald Christina , Chartier Gabrielle , Rosberger Zeev , Henry Melissa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesWhile patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are known to experience higher levels of anxiety and depression, they do not always use psychosocial oncology (PSO) services when available. This study aimed to investigate barriers to PSO service utilization in this patient population, with the goal of appropriately targeting outreach interventions.MethodsA conceptual model based on the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was tested in 84 patients newly diagnosed with a first occurrence of HNC followed longitudinally over 1 year, including variables collected through self‐administered questionnaires, Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM (SCID‐I), and medical chart reviews.ResultsWithin the first‐year post‐diagnosis, 42.9% of HNC patients experienced clinical levels of psychological distress, with only 50% of these consulting PSO services (29% total). A logistic regression indicated that PSO utilization was increased when patients presented with advanced cancer (P = 0.04) and a SCID‐I diagnosis of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, or substance use disorder (P = 0.02), while there was an inverse relationship with self‐stigma of seeking help (P = 0.03); these variables together successfully predicted 76.3% of overall PSO utilization, including 90.6% of non‐users.ConclusionsFuture outreach interventions in patients with HNC could address stigma in an attempt to enhance PSO integration into routine clinical care.