bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support for viral persistence in bats from age-specific serology and models of maternal immunity
Authors: Peel Alison J. , Baker Kate S. , Hayman David T. S. , Broder Christopher C. , Cunningham Andrew A. , Fooks Anthony R. , Garnier Romain , Wood James L. N. , Restif Olivier 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSpatiotemporally-localised prediction of virus emergence from wildlife requires focused studies on the ecology and immunology of reservoir hosts in their native habitat. Reliable predictions from mathematical models remain difficult in most systems due to a dearth of appropriate empirical data. Our goal was to study the circulation and immune dynamics of zoonotic viruses in bat populations and investigate the effects of maternally-derived and acquired immunity on viral persistence. Using rare age-specific serological data from wild-caught Eidolon helvum fruit bats as a case study, we estimated viral transmission parameters for a stochastic infection model. We estimated mean durations of around 6 months for maternally-derived immunity to Lagos bat virus and African henipavirus, whereas acquired immunity was long-lasting (Lagos bat virus: mean 12 years, henipavirus: mean 4 years). In the presence of a seasonal birth pulse, the effect of maternally-derived immunity on virus persistence within modelled bat populations was highly dependent on transmission characteristics. To explain previous reports of viral persistence within small natural and captive E. helvum populations, we hypothesise that some bats must experience prolonged infectious periods or within-host latency. By further elucidating plausible mechanisms of virus persistence in bat populations, we contribute to guidance of future field studies.
Experimental Study of Key Effect Factors and Simulation on Oil Displacement Efficiency for a Novel Modified Polymer BD-HMHEC
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Pengcheng , Wang Yanling , Yuan Zhe , Xu Zhenhua 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel synthetic hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) using bromododecane (BD) was developed in our previous paper, which we denote as BD-HMHEC. A series of one dimensional core displacement experiments were continually conducted to evaluate the key effect factors on the resistance factor (FR) and residual resistance factor (FRR) of BD-HMHEC solution, including polymer concentration, core permeability and injection rate. Results have shown that BD-HMHEC has higher FR and FRR and has much better oil displacement performance than HEC during oil displacement process. Meanwhile, compared with HEC flooding, the key effects on oil displacement efficiency of BD-HMHEC flooding were investigated, including polymer concentration, injection slug and injection rate. A numerical simulation study has been developed by the Computer Modelling Group (CMG) simulator. Results have shown that BD-HMHEC flooding could cause better oil displacement efficiency than HEC flooding at the same condition. As indicated by one dimensional core displacement experimental results, the further incremental oil recovery of switching to BD-HMHEC flooding could increase by 7.0~8.0% after hydrolyzed polyacryamide (HPAM) flooding. The studies indicate that BD-HMHEC has great potential application during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes in oilfields.
Antimicrobial mechanisms due to hyperpolarisation induced by nanoporous Au
Authors: Miyazawa Naoki , Hakamada Masataka , Mabuchi Mamoru 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNanomaterials such as nanoparticles exhibit remarkable antimicrobial activities. Nanoparticles directly disturb the cell membrane or cytoplasmic proteins because they pass through the cell wall. Nanoporous Au (NPG) is another antimicrobial nanomaterial, which cannot pass through the cell wall of bacteria but can still kill bacteria, utilising interactions between the surface of NPG and cell wall of bacteria. The origins of antimicrobial activities without direct interactions are unknown. It is necessary to elucidate these mechanisms to ensure safe usage. Here we show that the antimicrobial mechanism of NPG consists of two interactions: between the surface of NPG and cell wall, and between the cell wall and cell membrane. Fluorescent experiments showed that the cell wall was negatively hyperpolarised by NPG, and molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles calculations suggested that the hyperpolarisation of the cell wall leads to delicate structural changes in the membrane proteins, rendering them bactericidal. Thus, the hyperpolarisation induced by NPG plays a critical role in both interactions. The combination of molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles calculations allows a deeper understanding of the interactions between metallic surfaces and biomolecules, because charge transfer and exchange interactions are calculated exactly.
Photo-induced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy from a diphenylalanine peptide nanotube-metal nanoparticle template
Authors: Almohammed Sawsan , Zhang Fengyuan , Rodriguez Brian J. , Rice James H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUV irradiation of aligned diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes (FF-PNTs) decorated with plasmonic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) enables photo-induced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. UV-induced charge transfer facilitates a chemical enhancement that provides up to a 10-fold increase in surface-enhanced Raman intensity and allows the detection of a wide range of small molecules and low Raman cross-section molecules at concentrations as low as 10–13 M. The aligned FF-PNT/Ag NP template further prevents photodegradation of the molecules under investigation. Our results demonstrate that FF-PNTs can be used as an alternative material to semiconductors such as titanium dioxide for photo-induced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy applications.
Evaluation of three methods for biomass estimation in small invertebrates, using three large disparate parasite species as model organisms
Authors: Llopis-Belenguer Cristina , Blasco-Costa Isabel , Balbuena Juan Antonio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInvertebrate biomass is considered one of the main factors driving processes in ecosystems. It can be measured directly, primarily by weighing individuals, but more often indirect estimators are used. We developed two indirect and non-destructive approaches to estimate biomass of small invertebrates in a simple manner. The first one was based on clay modelling and the second one was based on image analysis implemented with open-source software. Furthermore, we tested the accuracy of the widely used geometric approximation method (third method). We applied these three different methods to three morphologically disparate model species, an acanthocephalan worm, a crustacean and a flatworm. To validate our indirect estimations and to test their accuracy, we weighed specimens of the three species and calculated their tissue densities. Additionally, we propose an uncomplicated technique to estimate thickness of individuals under a microscope, a required measurement for two of the three indirect methods tested. The indirect methods proposed in this paper provided the best approximation to direct measurements. Despite its wide use, the geometric approximation method showed the lowest accuracy. The approaches developed herein are timely because the recently increasing number of studies requiring reliable biomass estimates for small invertebrates to explain crucial processes in ecosystems.
Performance improvement of FSO system using multi‐pulse pulse position modulation and SIMO under atmospheric turbulence conditions and with pointing errors
Authors: Ismail Tawfik , Leitgeb Erich , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Al‐Nahhal Mohamed 
Published: February 2018

Free space optics (FSO) communication links are impaired by the fading due to turbulence and misalignment. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the pointing error effects on performance of FSO systems using multi‐pulse pulse position modulation (MP‐PPM) over the Gamma‐Gamma turbulence channel. We consider the moderate and strong atmospheric turbulence regimes with the combined effect of the pointing errors (PEs), and study the link average symbol error rate (ASER) and the outage probability. The numerical results are presented to show the impact of the pointing error on the ASER and the system outage. However, to overcome the channel degradation resulting from the turbulence effects and the PE, the single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) system with maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity is used. Exact close‐form expressions for ASER and outage probability are derived and verified by using Monte Carlo simulation. We concluded that the optimal values of the system parameters are, the transmitted power is 20 dBm, jitter variance should be less than 0.5 m and laser beam width equals 0.2 cm. These values are significantly reduced the impacts of misalignment and fading whereas outage probability is less than at maximum jitter variance.
Venous Thromboembolism and Route of Delivery – Review of the Literature
Authors: Evangelista Matheus Schimidt , Slompo Karina , Timi Jorge Rufino Ribas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVenous thromboembolism events are important causes of maternal death during pregnancy and the postpartum period worldwide. A review of the literature with the objective of evaluating venous thromboembolism events in the puerperium according to the route of delivery was performed through a bibliographic survey in the Medline, LILACS and Scielo databases. We observed that patients submitted to cesarean sections present a significantly higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism when compared with those who undergo spontaneous vaginal delivery. The pathophysiological bases for this difference were explored and described in this review, as well as the indications of prophylaxis and treatment. Doctors and health professionals must be continuously vigilant regarding this condition, since it is associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Anatomical and Radiological Considerations When Colonic Perforation Leads to Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumothoraces, Pneumomediastinum, and Mediastinal Shift
Authors: Abdalla Sala , Gill Rupinder , Yusuf Gibran , Scarpinata Rosaria 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile colonoscopy is generally regarded as a safe procedure, colonic perforation can occur and the risk of this is higher when interventional procedures are undertaken. The presentation may be acute or delayed depending on the extent of the perforation. Extracolonic gas following colonic perforation can migrate to several body compartments that are embryologically related and it has previously been reported in the thorax, mediastinum, neck, scrotum, and lower limbs. This review discusses in detail the anatomical pathways that led to a rare case of widespread subcutaneous emphysema, bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and mediastinal shift from colonic perforation during a diagnostic colonoscopy. This is further supported by a description of the radiological images.
Cardiovascular Associations with Abnormal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia and Rewarming
Authors: More Kiran , Sakhuja Pankaj , Giesinger Regan , Ting Joseph , Keyzers Matthew , Sheth Jesal , Lapointe Anie , Jain Amish , Moore Aideen , Miller Steven , McNamara Patrick 
Published: February 2018

Objective This article compares hemodynamic characteristics of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) receiving therapeutic hypothermia (TH) with normal versus abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods Serial echocardiography (echo) was performed within 24 hours, after 48 to 72 hours of cooling, within 24 hours of normothermia, and after starting feeds. Pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac output, and ventricular function were evaluated. All neonates underwent brain MRI (day 4–5), per clinical standard of care. Clinical cardiovascular and echocardiography characteristics were compared between patients with normal versus abnormal MRI. Cardiovascular changes during TH and after rewarming were identified.
Results Twenty neonates at median gestation and birth weight of 40 weeks (interquartile range [IQR]: 39, 41) and 3,410 g (IQR: 2,885, 4,093), respectively, were enrolled. Increased median left ventricular output (LVO) (106–159 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001) and reduced isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (48–42 ms, p < 0.001) were seen after rewarming. Echocardiography evidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was identified in five neonates. Eight neonates (40%) had brain injury identified on MRI (watershed [n = 4], basal ganglia [n = 4]); this subgroup were more likely to have echo evidence of PH at 24 hours.
Conclusion Longitudinal changes in cardiac output were noted in neonates with HIE during TH and rewarming. Echocardiography evidence of PH, however, was associated with abnormal MRI brain. The prognostic relevance of these physiologic changes requires more comprehensive delineation.
Modified Multivisceral Transplantation with Native Spleen Removal in Rats
Authors: Stringa Pablo , Arreola Nidia , Moreno Ane , Largo Carlota , Rumbo Martín , Hernandez Francisco 
Published: February 2018

Background Modified multivisceral transplantation (MMVTx) refers to the use of a graft that includes all abdominal organs except the liver. The use of this type of transplant in children and adults expanded over the last years with good results. However, long-term survival in experimental models has not been reported. Our aim is to describe in detail some technical modifications of MMVTx to obtain long-term survival.
Materials and Methods Syngeneic (Lewis–Lewis) heterotopic MMVTx was performed in 16 male rats (180–250 g). All procedures were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. The graft consisted of stomach, duodenopancreatic axis, spleen, and small bowel. The vascular pedicle consisted of a conduit of aorta, including the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and the portal vein (PV). The engraftment was performed by end-to-side anastomosis to the infra-renal cava vein and aorta. After reperfusion, the graft was accommodated in the right side of the abdomen, and a terminal ileostomy performed. The native spleen was removed.
Results Donor and recipient time was 39 ± 4.4 minutes and 69 ± 7 minutes, respectively; venous and arterial anastomosis time was 14 ± 1 minutes and 12.3 ± 1 minutes, respectively. Total ischemia time was 77.2 ± 7.9 minutes. Survival was 75% (12/16), six were sacrificed after 2 hours, and six were kept alive for long-term evaluation (more than 1 week).
Conclusion Long-term survival is reported after heterotopic MMVTx in rats. The heterotopic MMVTx with native spleen removal would potentially improve the existent models for transplant research. The usefulness of this model warrants further confirmation in allogeneic experiments.
Schwangerschaft nach Adipositas- und metabolischer Chirurgie – spezielle Risiken und mögliche Komplikationen
Authors: Stroh Christine , Groten Tanja , Schleussner Eckehardt , Manger Thomas 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Prävalenz der morbiden Adipositas geht auch in Deutschland mit einer deutlichen Zunahme von adipositas- und metabolisch-chirurgischen Eingriffen einher. Die Adipositas ist häufig mit Fertilitätsstörungen assoziiert. Mit einer Häufigkeit von 6 – 10% stellt das polyzystische Ovarsyndrom (PCOS) eine häufige Ursache der Infertilität dar. Die damit assoziierten metabolischen und kardiovaskulären Folgen bedeuten ein erhebliches Gesundheitsproblem. Metabolisch-chirurgische Eingriffe können die Fertilität dieser Frauen deutlich verbessern. Aufgrund der Effektivität der metabolischen Chirurgie hinsichtlich der Gewichtsreduktion, der Rückbildung der Komorbiditäten sowie der Lebensqualität und der Fertilität im Vergleich mit konservativen Verfahren hat die Bedeutung der Adipositaschirurgie erheblich zugenommen. Metabolische Defizite können Folge diverser restriktiver, kombinierter und malabsorptiver Operationsmethoden sein. Ihre Prophylaxe bei Schwangerschaft nach bariatrischer Operation erfordert eine intensive und interdisziplinäre Versorgung der Schwangeren. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Problematik der nutritiven Mangelzustände und deren Prophylaxe in Zusammenhang mit einer Gravidität darzustellen.
Perceptually Regulated Exercise Test Allows Determination of V˙O2max and Ventilatory Threshold But Not Respiratory Compensation Point In Trained Runners
Authors: Truong Perrine , Millet Gregoire , Gojanovic Boris 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the differences in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and submaximal thresholds between a standard graded exercise test (GXT) and a perceptually regulated graded exercise test (PRGXT) in trained runners. Eleven well-trained middle- to long-distance runners performed both tests in a randomized order. PRGXT used incremental “clamps” of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over 10×1-min stages on an automated treadmill equipped with a sonar sensor allowing them to change their running speed instantly and in a natural way. GXT used fixed 1 km.h−1 increment every minute. Ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) were determined using ventilatory equivalents. No differences were found in V̇O2max (68.0 (5.3) vs. 69.5 (5.9) ml·min−1·kg−1, p=0.243), minute ventilation (V̇E) (159.4 (35.0) vs. 162.4 (33.7) l·min−1, p=0.175), heart rate (HR) (188.4 (6.9) vs. 190.7 (5.2) bpm, p=0.254) and speed (21.0 (1.7) vs. 21.1 (2.3) km·h-1, p=0.761) between GXT and PRGXT. At VT, there were no significant differences between GXT and PRGXT for any outcome variables. For 8 of 11 subjects, it was not possible to determine RCP from ventilatory equivalent in PRGXT. GXT appears more relevant for a comprehensive gas analysis in trained runners.
Minimalinvasive Leistenhernienchirurgie – TEP ambulant
Authors: Steger Ulrich , Bisping Markus , Urban Jennifer , Vowinkel Thorsten , Wiesmann Aloys , Ryll Jonathan 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Anbetracht der lang andauernden Diskussion um ambulante viszeralchirurgische Operationen haben wir die minimalinvasive Leistenhernienversorgung im ambulanten Sektor etabliert. Dies wird nicht nur von den Krankenkassen zunehmend gefordert und von internationalen Leitlinien gestützt, sondern ist auch auf die erhöhte Nachfrage von Patienten zurückzuführen.
Material und Methode Es erfolgte eine monozentrische retrospektive Auswertung der ambulant durchgeführten minimalinvasiven Leistenhernienoperationen (total extraperitoneale Patchplastik [TEP] + einseitig) aus dem Zeitraum 2013 bis 2015. Dabei wurden Komplikationen, postoperative Schmerzen, stationäre Wiederaufnahmerate und Rezidivrate erfasst. Die Patienten wurden zusätzlich telefonisch über ihre Zufriedenheit mit dem ambulanten Vorgehen befragt.
Ergebnisse In o. g. Zeitraum wurde bei 164 Patienten mit einseitiger Leistenhernie eine TEP im ambulanten Setting geplant und schließlich bei 152 Patienten durchgeführt. Die restlichen 12 Patienten wurden aufgrund von Kreislaufstörungen, Nachblutung oder Schmerzen direkt stationär über- oder noch am gleichen Tag aufgenommen. 102 Patienten konnten telefonisch befragt werden. Neun ambulante Patienten entwickelten postoperativ ein Hämatom, 1 Patient ein Rezidiv innerhalb von 12 Monaten, 2 weitere im Follow-up-Zeitraum und keiner einen behandlungsbedürftigen Infekt. 88 Patienten waren sehr zufrieden und 82 würden sich wieder bei einer Leistenhernie ambulant operieren lassen.
Schlussfolgerung Die einseitige minimalinvasive Leistenhernienversorgung lässt sich bei geringem präoperativem Risikoprofil ambulant unkompliziert durchführen und trifft auf breite Akzeptanz und Zufriedenheit bei den Patienten. Der horrende Erlösunterschied zwischen ambulanter und stationärer Leistenhernienversorgung in Deutschland erschwert aber nach wie vor die flächendeckende Umsetzung des ambulanten Vorgehens.
Die Meningismus-Tests
Authors: Herzog Michael , Sengebusch Jürgen 
Published: February 2018

SummaryZu den Meningismus-Tests gehören der Brudzinski-, Kernig und der Lasègue-Test sowie die Tests auf das Kniekuss- und das Dreifuß-Phänomen. Bei Meningismus muss der Patient in die Notaufnahme.
Vom Verdacht bis zur Meldung
Authors: Bierbach Elvira 
Published: February 2018

SummaryDer § 24 IfSG bestimmt, welche Krankheiten der Heilpraktiker nicht behandeln darf. Darunter fallen unter anderem sexuell übertragbare Erkrankungen. Den Verdacht auf namentlich meldepflichtige Erkrankungen gemäß § 6 Abs. 1 IfSG muss der Heilpraktiker binnen 24 Stunden dem zuständigen Gesundheitsamt melden. A und O bei jedem Verdacht ist situationsangepasstes Handeln: von Erster Hilfe und Aufklärung über Hygiene und Meldung bis zur Dokumentation.
Diagnostic utility of telomere length testing in a hospital-based setting
Authors: Alder Jonathan K. , Hanumanthu Vidya Sagar , Strong Margaret A. , DeZern Amy E. , Stanley Susan E. , Takemoto Clifford M. , Danilova Ludmila , Applegate Carolyn D. , Bolton Stephen G. , Mohr David W. , Brodsky Robert A. , Casella James F. , Greider Carol W. , Jackson J. Brooks , Armanios Mary 
Published: February 2018

Significance
This study defines clinical indications for using telomere length (TL) measurement as a diagnostic tool in a hospital setting. It shows that, in contrast to other methods, TL measurement by flow cytometry and FISH (flowFISH) can be standardized, and has reproducible and definable upper and lower normal boundaries. In telomerase mutation carriers and carriers of other mutant telomere maintenance genes, TL had prognostic value, correlating with the age of onset of short telomere syndrome phenotypes, as well as the predominant complication. In a prospective study, TL results were actionable in one-fourth of cases with idiopathic bone marrow failure affecting the stem cell donor choice and/or treatment regimen. The data show that, for targeted clinical indications, and in a hospital setting, TL measurement by flowFISH informs patient care decisions.
T
reg
cells limit IFN-γ production to control macrophage accrual and phenotype during skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Panduro Marisella , Benoist Christophe , Mathis Diane 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Skeletal muscle relies on its regenerative capacity to recover after acute injury. Immune-system cells, notably macrophages and regulatory T cells, play critical roles during muscle regeneration. This study addressed the impact of regulatory T cells on macrophages during muscle repair. In a mouse model of acute injury, regulatory T cells controlled the composition and phenotype of muscle macrophages during muscle repair by limiting production of the inflammatory cytokine, interferon-γ, produced by natural killer and effector T cells. Thus, we uncovered an interferon-γ–centered regulatory loop that can be further explored as a gateway to improved muscle therapies.