bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent–teacher problem solving about concerns in children with autism spectrum disorder: The role of income and race
Authors: Azad Gazi F. , Gormley Sara , Marcus Steve , Mandell David S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProblem solving between parents and teachers is critical to maximizing student outcomes. The current study examined the associations among the different components of problem solving, as well as the relationship between various characteristics and problem solving in parents and teachers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were 18 teachers and 39 parents of children with ASD. Parents and teachers completed a demographic survey, phone interview, and dyad observation. Results indicated that parent and teacher problem solving strategies were correlated with each other. Lower‐income parents and parents interacting with White teachers displayed less problem solving. Findings suggest that school‐based service delivery models to improve problem solving should consider both skill development, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics that parents and teachers bring to their interactions.
Thermal states, responsiveness and degradation of marginal permafrost in Mongolia
Authors: Ishikawa Mamoru , Jamvaljav Yamkhin , Dashtseren Avirmed , Sharkhuu Natsagdorj , Davaa Gamboo , Iijima Yoshihiro , Baatarbileg Nachin , Yoshikawa Kenji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGround thermal conditions in marginal permafrost in Mongolia were assessed using ground temperatures measured year‐round at 69 borehole sites. Permafrost is continuous in northern Mongolia and exists as sporadic/isolated patches in the south. Ground temperatures are strongly controlled by local environmental factors, such as topographic depressions that concentrate cold air during winter, ice‐rich strata that prevent penetration of sensible heat, and tree cover that reduces incident solar radiation. Permafrost temperatures are typically between −1 and 0°C; colder permafrost (< −2°C) occurs in the northern extent of continuous permafrost and at high elevations in the sporadic/isolated permafrost zones. Relict permafrost, which is thermally disconnected from seasonal air temperature fluctuations, is present near the latitudinal and elevational limits of perennially frozen ground. Cold and thermally responsive permafrost is dominant in the continuous and discontinuous zones, while warm and thermally unresponsive permafrost is dominant in the sporadic and isolated zones. Overall, the climate‐driven permafrost in the colder regions is stable, while the ecosystem‐driven permafrost in the warmer regions is degrading.
Near‐Infrared Laser Initiation Mechanism of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Doped with Aluminum Nanoparticles
Authors: Ji Xiangbo , Qin Wenzhi , Tang Duo , Gao Yuan , Li Yong , Wang Liang , Liu Yonggang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAluminum nanoparticles were added into pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) to decrease the near‐infrared (NIR) laser initiation power. The effects of Al nanoparticles on the minimum power of all fire were investigated under 1064 nm laser initiation. The initiation mechanism was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, reflectance spectroscopy, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy, and shadowgraph technique. Results showed that the addition of Al nanoparticles could prominently decrease the minimum power of all fire of PETN. The PETN doped with 0.5 % Al nanoparticles could be reliably initiated with 40 mJ laser energy (1064 nm, 14 ns). However, the increase in Al nanoparticles increased the minimum power of all fire. A thermal mechanism could be affirmed for the initiation of PETN doped with Al nanoparticles with the NIR laser initiation. First, Al nanoparticles were heated to high temperature to form hotspots by absorbing input NIR laser energy. Then, the PETN surrounded by the hotspots propagated self‐sustaining chemical reactions and exploded. With the increase of Al nanoparticles, the increase in thermal conductivity and the decrease of the hot‐spots temperature resulted in high laser power to initiate explosives.
Numerical Research on Initiation of PBXC03 Explosives under Quasi‐Isentropic Loadings
Authors: Liu Hai Qing , Duan Zhuo Ping , Li Shu Rui , Ou Zhuo Chen , Bai Zhi Ling , Huang Feng Lei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo study the influence of different quasi‐isentropic loading modes on the ignition and the detonation growth processes of PBXs, a one‐dimensional numerical model based on the DZK reaction rate model is presented, and then the parameters of DZK reaction rate model of PBXC03 can be experimental calibrated under the quasi‐isentropic loadings. Moreover, the ignition and detonation growth processes of PBXC03 under different quasi‐isentropic loading modes are simulated by using DYNA2D. It is found from the numerical results that both the increase of the peak pressure of shock front and the shock wave speed increase but the time to detonation decreases with the peak loading pressure, loading slope and curvature. It is also found that the explosive initiation process under the quasi‐isentropic loadings can be divided into two stages: one is the initial stage that manifests mainly as the catch‐up and convergence of the quasi‐isentropic waves and the formation of shock waves; the other is the stage of shock initiation, in which a shock wave with a certain intensity is formed and grows gradually into a stable detonation wave. In addition, a necessary condition is proposed to discriminate the feasibility of an quasi‐isentropic loading experimental calibration of the EOS parameters of a unreacted explosive, i. e., the sample's thickness must be smaller than the thickness of initial reaction.
Mitochondrial complex III Qi‐site inhibitor resistance mutations found in laboratory selected mutants and field isolates
Authors: Mounkoro Pierre , Michel Thomas , Benhachemi Rafik , Surpateanu Georgiana , Iorga Bogdan I , Fisher Nicholas , Meunier Brigitte 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDComplex III inhibitors targeting the Qi‐site have been known for decades; some are used or being developed as antimicrobial compounds. Target site resistance mutations have been reported in laboratory‐selected mutants and in field isolates. Here, we present a brief overview of mutations found in laboratory‐selected resistant mutants. We also provide a study of mutations observed in field isolates of Plasmopara viticola, in particular the ametoctradin resistance substitution, S34L that we analysed in the yeast model.RESULTSA survey of laboratory mutants showed that resistance could be caused by a large number of substitutions in the Qi‐site. Four residues seemed key in term of resistance: N31, G37, L198 and K228. Using yeast, we analysed the effect of the ametoctradin resistance substitution S34L reported in field isolates of P. viticola. We showed that S34L caused a high level of resistance combined with a loss of complex III activity and growth competence.CONCLUSIONUse of single site Qi‐site inhibitors is expected to result in the selection of resistant mutants. However, if the substitution is associated with a fitness penalty, as may be the case with S34L, resistance development might not be an insuperable obstacle, although careful monitoring is required. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase II trial of nanocurcumin in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Saadipoor Afshin , Razzaghdoust Abolfazl , Simforoosh Nasser , Mahdavi Arash , Bakhshandeh Mohsen , Moghadam Maryam , Abdollahi Hamid , Mofid Bahram 
Published: November 2018

Clinical potential of curcumin in radiotherapy (RT) setting is outstanding and of high interest. The main purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to assess the beneficial role of nanocurcumin to prevent and/or mitigate radiation‐induced proctitis in prostate cancer patients undergoing RT. In this parallel‐group study, 64 eligible patients with prostate cancer were randomized to receive either oral nanocurcumin (120 mg/day) or placebo 3 days before and during the RT course. Acute toxicities including proctitis and cystitis were assessed weekly during the treatment and once thereafter using CTCAE v.4.03 grading criteria. Baseline‐adjusted hematologic nadirs were also analyzed and compared between the two groups. The patients undergoing definitive RT were followed to evaluate the tumor response. Nanocurcumin was well tolerated. Radiation‐induced proctitis was noted in 18/31 (58.1%) of the placebo‐treated patients versus 15/33 (45.5%) of nanocurcumin‐treated patients (p = 0.313). No significant difference was also found between the two groups with regard to radiation‐induced cystitis, duration of radiation toxicities, hematologic nadirs, and tumor response. In conclusion, this RCT was underpowered to indicate the efficacy of nanocurcumin in this clinical setting but could provide a considerable new translational insight to bridge the gap between the laboratory and clinical practice.
NCN Nickel(II) Pincer Complexes of 5‐tert‐Butyl‐1,3‐bis(N‐substituted benzimidazol‐2′‐yl)benzenes: Solid and Solution State Behaviour
Authors: Rani Varsha , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of square planar NCN nickel(II) pincer complexes; [Methyl(N C N)NiBr] (14), [Benzyl(N C N)NiBr] (15), [Benz°yl(N C N)NiBr] (16), and [Pentyl(N C N)NiBr] (17) [(N C N)=5‐tert‐butyl‐1,3‐bis(N‐substituted benzimidazol‐2′‐yl)phenyl] have been synthesized by the treatment of nickel(0) precursor, Ni(COD)2 [COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene] with 5‐tert‐butyl‐1,3‐bis‐(N‐substituted‐benzimidazol‐2′‐yl)‐2‐bromobenzenes via oxidative addition in 44–74% yield. The formation of complexes 14–17 was confirmed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry. Complexes 14 and 15 are poorly soluble in common organic solvents, however, complexes 16 and 17 are fairly soluble in CDCl3. The structure of complex 17 was further corroborated by X‐ray crystallographic studies. Interestingly, the bromide anion bonded to nickel is found to be very labile and it is easily substituted with methoxy group. The formation of the methoxy complex 18 is more facile as compared with related PCsp3P nickel pincer complex [(C6H4PPri2)2CH−NiBr] reported in literature.
Highly Compact Artificial Memristive Neuron with Low Energy Consumption
Authors: Zhang Yishu , He Wei , Wu Yujie , Huang Kejie , Shen Yangshu , Su Jiasheng , Wang Yaoyuan , Zhang Ziyang , Ji Xinglong , Li Guoqi , Zhang Hongtao , Song Sen , Li Huanglong , Sun Litao , Zhao Rong , Shi Luping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNeuromorphic systems aim to implement large‐scale artificial neural network on hardware to ultimately realize human‐level intelligence. The recent development of nonsilicon nanodevices has opened the huge potential of full memristive neural networks (FMNN), consisting of memristive neurons and synapses, for neuromorphic applications. Unlike the widely reported memristive synapses, the development of artificial neurons on memristive devices has less progress. Sophisticated neural dynamics is the major obstacle behind the lagging. Here a rich dynamics‐driven artificial neuron is demonstrated, which successfully emulates partial essential neural features of neural processing, including leaky integration, automatic threshold‐driven fire, and self‐recovery, in a unified manner. The realization of bioplausible artificial neurons on a single device with ultralow power consumption paves the way for constructing energy‐efficient large‐scale FMNN and may boost the development of neuromorphic systems with high density, low power, and fast speed.
Personality traits and Internet usage across generation cohorts: Insights from a nationally representative study
Authors: Roos John Magnus , Kazemi Ali 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStudies examining the relationship between personality and Internet usage have usually used small and non-representative samples. In the present study, we examine the relationship between the Five Factor Model of Personality and Internet usage in a large nationally representative Swedish sample (N = 1694). Neuroticism was negatively associated with overall Internet usage, whereas extraversion and openness to experience were shown to be positively associated with overall Internet usage. However, exploring these associations across categories of Internet usage and generation cohorts revealed some other interesting patterns. Specifically, neuroticism was negatively associated with using the Internet for activities relating to information and duties but not for leisure and social activities. Extraversion was positively associated with using the Internet for leisure and social activities among DotNets (born 1977–1999), whereas among Dutifuls (born 1910–1945) and Baby Boomers (born 1946–1964) extraversion was positively associated with using the Internet for information and duty activities. Openness to experience was positively associated with Internet usage but only among Baby Boomers. Conscientiousness was a significant predictor of Internet usage only for DotNets and GenXers (born 1965–1976). In these cohorts, conscientiousness was positively associated with using the Internet for information and duty activities but negatively associated with using the Internet for leisure and social activities. Apparently, understanding the relationship between personality and Internet usage is not possible without considering the modifying role of categories of Internet usage and generation cohorts. The implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed in detail.
Validity evidence for programmatic assessment in competency-based education
Authors: Bok Harold G. J. , De Jong Lubberta H. , O’Neill Thomas , Maxey Connor , Hecker Kent G. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Competency-based education (CBE) is now pervasive in health professions education. A foundational principle of CBE is to assess and identify the progression of competency development in students over time. It has been argued that a programmatic approach to assessment in CBE maximizes student learning. The aim of this study is to investigate if programmatic assessment, i. e., a system of assessment, can be used within a CBE framework to track progression of student learning within and across competencies over time.
Methods Three workplace-based assessment methods were used to measure the same seven competency domains. We performed a retrospective quantitative analysis of 327,974 assessment data points from 16,575 completed assessment forms from 962 students over 124 weeks using both descriptive (visualization) and modelling (inferential) analyses. This included multilevel random coefficient modelling and generalizability theory.
Results Random coefficient modelling indicated that variance due to differences in inter-student performance was highest (40%). The reliability coefficients of scores from assessment methods ranged from 0.86 to 0.90. Method and competency variance components were in the small-to-moderate range.
Discussion The current validation evidence provides cause for optimism regarding the explicit development and implementation of a program of assessment within CBE. The majority of the variance in scores appears to be student-related and reliable, supporting the psychometric properties as well as both formative and summative score applications.
Prospective Cohort of Deep Dyspareunia in an Interdisciplinary Setting
Authors: Yong Paul J. , Williams Christina , Bodmer-Roy Sonja , Ezeigwe Chukwuemeka , Zhu Sean , Arion Kristina , Ambacher Kristin , Yosef Ali , Wong Fontayne , Noga Heather , Britnell Susannah , Yager Holly , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. , Brotto Lori A. , Albert Arianne Y. , Lisonkova Sarka , Allaire Catherine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionDeep dyspareunia is a common symptom in women, including in half of women with endometriosis, but little is known about its response to treatment and predictors of persistent deep dyspareunia over time.AimTo follow up deep dyspareunia severity over a 1-year prospective cohort at an interdisciplinary center, and to identify baseline predictors of more persistent deep dyspareunia at 1 year.MethodsProspective 1-year cohort study at a tertiary referral center for pelvic pain and endometriosis, where a range of interdisciplinary treatments are provided at a single center (surgical, hormonal, physical, and psychological therapies). Exclusion criteria were menopause, age &gt;50 years, and never previously sexually active. Primary outcome (deep dyspareunia severity) and secondary outcome (sexual quality of life) were followed up over 1 year. Ordinal logistic regression was performed, controlling for baseline severity of deep dyspareunia, to identify baseline predictors of deep dyspareunia severity at 1 year.Main Outcome MeasurePrimary outcome was severity of deep dyspareunia on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0–10), categorized into absent-mild (0–3), moderate (4–6), and severe (7–10); secondary outcome was sexual quality of life measured by the Endometriosis Health Profile-30.Results1-year follow-up was obtained for 278 subjects (56% response rate at 1 year; 278/497). Severity of deep dyspareunia improved over the 1 year (McNemar test, P &lt; .0001): the proportion of patients in the severe category decreased from 55.0% to 30.4%, the moderate category remained similar from 17.7% to 25.0%, and the absent-mild category increased from 27.3% to 44.6%. Sexual quality of life also improved (56% to 43% on the sex subscale of the Endometriosis Health Profile-30) (Welch t test, P &lt; .001). On ordinal regression, severity of deep dyspareunia at 1 year was independently associated with younger age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91–0.97, P = .008), and with a higher baseline depression score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03–1.11, P = .01).Clinical ImplicationsClinicians should consider employing an interdisciplinary approach for deep dyspareunia, and screening for and treating depression symptoms in these women.Strength & LimitationsStrengths of the study include its prospective nature, and assessment of deep dyspareunia specifically (as opposed to superficial dyspareunia). Limitations include non-randomized design, and the patients lost to follow-up over the 1 year.ConclusionOver 1 year in an interdisciplinary setting, improvements were observed in deep dyspareunia and sexual quality of life, but younger women and those with more severe depression at baseline had more persistent deep dyspareunia at 1 year.
Epilepsy, Physical Activity and Sports: A Narrative Review
Authors: Carrizosa-Moog Jaime , Ladino Lady Diana , Benjumea-Cuartas Vanessa , Orozco-Hernández Juan Pablo , Castrillón-Velilla Diana Marcela , Rizvi Syed , Téllez-Zenteno José Francisco 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPeople with epilepsy (PWE) are less physically active compared with the general population. Explanations include prejudice, overprotection, unawareness, stigma, fear of seizure induction and lack of knowledge of health professionals. At present, there is no consensus on the role of exercise in epilepsy. This paper reviews the current evidence surrounding the risks and benefits associated with physical activity (PA) in this group of patients. In the last decade, several publications indicate significant benefits in physiological and psychological health parameters, including mood and cognition, physical conditioning, social interaction, quality of life, as well as potential prevention of seizure presentation. Moreover, experimental studies suggest that PA provides mechanisms of neuronal protection, related to biochemical and structural changes including release of β-endorphins and steroids, which may exert an inhibitory effect on the occurrence of abnormal electrical activity. Epileptic discharges can decrease or disappear during exercise, which may translate into reduced seizure recurrence. In some patients, exercise may precipitate seizures. Available evidence suggests that PA should be encouraged in PWE in order to promote wellbeing and quality of life. There is a need for prospective randomized controlled studies that provide stronger clinical evidence before definitive recommendations can be made.
A 25-year dynamic ecological analysis of psychiatric hospital admissions and prison committals: Penrose’s hypothesis updated
Authors: O’Neill C. J. , Kelly B. D. , Kennedy H. G. 
Published: November 2018

AimsThere is renewed interest in the inverse association between psychiatric hospital and prison places, with reciprocal time trends shown in more than one country. We hypothesised that the numbers of admissions to psychiatric hospitals and committals to prisons in Ireland would also correlate inversely over time (i.e. dynamic measures of admission and committal rather than static, cross-sectional numbers of places).MethodPublicly available activity statistics for psychiatric hospitals and prisons in Ireland were collated from 1986 to 2010.ResultsThere was a reciprocal association between psychiatric admissions and prison committals (Pearson r=−0.788, p<0.001), an increase of 91 prison committals for every 100 psychiatric hospital admissions foregone.ConclusionPenrose’s hypothesis applies to admissions to psychiatric hospitals and prisons in Ireland over time (dynamic measures), just as it does to the numbers of places in psychiatric hospitals and prisons in Ireland and elsewhere (static, cross-sectional measures). Although no causal connection can be definitively established yet, mentally disordered prisoners are usually known to community mental health services. Psychiatric services for prisons and the community should be linked to ensure that the needs of those currently accessing care through prisons can also be met in the community.
Tropical Rainforest Dynamics and Palaeoclimate Implications since the late Pleistocene, Nilgiris, India
Authors: Raja Priyanka , Achyuthan Hema , Farooqui Anjum , Ramesh Rengaswamy , Kumar Pankaj , Chopra Sundeep 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA multiproxy study involving sedimentology, palynology, radiocarbon dating, stable isotopes, and geochemistry was carried out on the Parsons Valley Lake deposit, Nilgiris, India, to determine palaeoclimatic fluctuations and their possible impact on vegetation since the late Pleistocene. The 72-cm-deep sediment core that was retrieved reveals five distinct palaeoclimatic phases: (1) Warm and humid conditions with a high lake stand before the last glacial maximum (LGM; ~29,800 cal yr BP), subsequently changing to a relatively cool and dry phase during the LGM. (2) Considerable dry conditions and lower precipitation occurred between ~16,300 and 9500 cal yr BP. During this period, the vegetation shrank and perhaps was confined to moister pockets or was a riparian forest cover. (3) An outbreak in the shift of monsoonal precipitation was witnessed in the beginning of the mid-Holocene, around 8400 cal yr BP, implying alteration in the shift toward warm and humid conditions, resulting in relatively high pollen abundance for evergreen taxa. (4) This phase exhibits a shift to heavier δ13C values around ~1850 cal yr BP, with an emergence of moist deciduous plants pointing to drier conditions. (5) Human activities contributed to the exceedingly high percentage ofAcaciaandPinuspollen during the Little Ice Age.