bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Hamilton's Scottish Associationism: Early Nineteenth-Century Philosophy of Mind
Authors: GOKCEKUS SAMIN 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article compares early nineteenth-century English and Scottish theories of the mind and the way that it develops to findings in today's developmental psychology and neuroscience through a close observation of the work of Elizabeth Hamilton (1756–1816). Hamilton was a Scottish writer and philosopher who produced three pedagogical works in her lifetime, consisting of her carefully formulated philosophy of mind and practical suggestions to caretakers and educators. Although Hamilton has received relatively little attention in modern philosophical literature, her understanding of the mind and the way it develops—based on her nuanced understanding of associationism and Scottish faculty psychology—is overwhelmingly supported by empirical findings today. In addition to utilizing Hamilton's work for the sake of understanding early nineteenth-century philosophy of mind, I argue that a large portion of Hamilton's work should be used to inform future research programs, early caregiving guides, and educational methods.
Strata sequence and paleochannel response to tectonic, sea-level, and Asian monsoon variability since the late Pleistocene in the South Yellow Sea
Authors: Wang Liyan , Li Guangxue , Xu Jishang , Liu Yong , Qiao Lulu , Ding Dong , Yang Jichao , Dada Olusegun A. , Li Qian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe continental shelf strata provide information regarding sea-level fluctuation and climate changes in the Quaternary period. A 5831.47-km-long high-resolution seismic profile and borehole core (YS01) were acquired to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the strata in South Yellow Sea (SYS) during the late Pleistocene. The strata recorded three transgression events (HI, HII, and HIII) and three stages of paleochannel development (LI, LII, and LIII). Based on the distribution, thickness, and volume of the strata formed in the three transgressions, we concluded that the scale of the three transgressions during the late Pleistocene was HIII, HI, and HII, in descending order. In addition, our data show that the Yellow River extended to the Yellow Sea Trough during the last glacial maximum. The influence of the tectonic framework on sedimentation in the SYS was completely concealed by sea-level changes and sediment supply in the late Pleistocene (~Marine Isotope Stage 5). Since then, the accommodation space, a crucial prerequisite for sedimentation, has been controlled solely by sea-level changes in the SYS. Furthermore, two “source to sink” models of the neritic shelf in the marine and terrestrial environments were established, including high sea-level and shelf-exposure models.
Towards a Multilingual Literary History: Lessons from a conflict environment
Authors: DE SILVA ANNEMARI 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article presents methodologies towards a multilingual literary history of Sri Lanka in the twentieth century by examining multilingual encounters or cultures through places, people, and institutions. Massey's concept of plural space underpins the study and gives rise to various strategies to build a multilingual literary history. The guiding research questions are: How do we construct multilingual literary histories in the context of language-based conflict? What can conflict environments teach us about approaches to multilingual literary histories and spheres? In addition to discovering future directions for intra-national comparative literary studies and documenting multilingual cultures and sites, I also focus on the changing geography of multilingualism in the twentieth century. As ideological separation of language spheres turned to real-world segregation through a series of policy shifts and institutional changes, we see that the pursuit of multilingual research takes us from organic, or naturally occurring, sites of multilingualism to orchestrated, or purposefully created, sites. Orchestrated sites work to counterbalance the decreasing opportunity for organic multilingual encounters in the context of ethnolinguistic conflict.
Neural Network Design for Manipulator Collision Detection Based Only on the Joint Position Sensors
Authors: Sharkawy Abdel-Nasser , Koustoumpardis Panagiotis N. , Aspragathos Nikos 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYIn this paper, a multilayer feedforward neural network (NN) is designed and trained, for human–robot collisions detection, using only the intrinsic joint position sensors of a manipulator. The topology of one NN is designed considering the coupled dynamics of the robot and trained, with and without external contacts, by Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm to detect unwanted collisions of the human operator with the manipulator and the link that is collided. The proposed approach could be applied to any industrial robot, where only the joint position signals are available. The designed NN is compared quantitatively and qualitatively with an NN, where both the intrinsic joint position and the torque sensors of the manipulator are used. The proposed method is evaluated experimentally with the KUKA LWR manipulator, which is considered as an example of the collaborative robots, using two of its joints in a planar horizontal motion. The results illustrate that the developed system is efficient and fast to detect the collisions and identify the collided link.
The Carle-Illinois (Urbana, Illinois USA) Transport Protocol for LEK9s: Guidelines for Emergency Medical Service Providers
Authors: Weir William B. , Mitek Ashley E. , Smith Michael , Schneider Danielle , McMichael Maureen A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThree states and one county now allow Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers to transport injured law enforcement K9s (LEK9s) as long as no human needs the ambulance at the time. Several other states either have pending legislation or are in discussions about this topic. As additional states ponder these laws, it is likely that the EMS transport of LEK9s will become legal in many states. In the wake of this legislation, a significant void was created. Currently, there are no published protocols for the safe transport of LEK9s by EMS providers. Additionally, the transport destination for these LEK9s is unlikely to be programmed into vehicle Global Positioning Systems. The authors of this report convened a Joint Task Force on Working Dog Care, consisting of veterinarians, EMS directors, EMS physicians, and LEK9 handlers, who met to develop a protocol for LEK9s being transported to a veterinary facility. The protocol covers the logistics of getting the LEK9 into the ambulance (eg, when the handler is or is not available), appropriate restraint, and the importance of prior arrangements with a veterinary emergency facility. A LEK9 hand-off form and a Transport Policy Form are provided, downloadable, and customizable for each EMS provider. This protocol provides essential information on safety and transport logistics for injured LEK9s. The hope is that this protocol will assist EMS providers to streamline the transport of an injured LEK9 to an appropriate veterinary facility.
Thermochronology and Exhumation History of the Northeastern Fennoscandian Shield Since 1.9 Ga: Evidence From 40Ar/39Ar and Apatite Fission Track Data From the Kola Peninsula
Authors: Veselovskiy Roman V. , Thomson Stuart N. , Arzamastsev Andrey A. , Botsyun Svetlana , Travin Aleksey V. , Yudin Denis S. , Samsonov Alexander V. , Stepanova Alexandra V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractResults from thermochronological studies have multiple applications to various problems in tectonics and landform evolution. However, up to now a lack of thermochronological data from the northeastern Fennoscandian Shield has complicated the interpretation of tectonothermal evolution of the region. Here, we use both new and previously published multimineral 40Ar/39Ar data (amphibole, mica, and feldspar) on the various Precambrian magmatic and metamorphic complexes to reconstruct the thermal history of NE Fennoscandia within the Kola Peninsula area in the interval 1900–360 Ma. Using the apatite fission track method as well as a numerical model of the heating‐cooling process of northeastern Fennoscandia's upper crust, we have reconstructed its thermal evolution for the interval 360–0 Ma. According to our model, since Lapland‐Kola orogenesis (1930–1905 Ma) northeastern Fennoscandia experienced a quasi‐monotonous cooling with the average rate of ~0.15 °C/Myr, which is equal to an exhumation rate of ~1–2 m/Myr. New apatite fission track data and time‐temperature modeling reveal a “hidden” endogenous thermal event in the NE Fennoscandia that took place between 360 and 300 Ma. This we attribute to an elevated geothermal gradient due to Baltica's drift over the African large low shear‐wave velocity province in the lowest mantle and/or thermal blanketing by insulating Devonian‐Carboniferous sedimentary/volcanic cover. Our model is further supported by evidence of Late Devonian‐Carboniferous rifting in the East and South‐Western Barents Basin, as well as various 360–300 Ma magmatic events within SW Fennoscandia and the Baltic countries.
A Review of Radar‐Rain Gauge Data Merging Methods and Their Potential for Urban Hydrological Applications
Authors: Ochoa‐Rodriguez S. , Wang L.‐P. , Willems P. , Onof C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRadar‐rain gauge merging techniques have been widely used to improve the applicability of radar and rain gauge rainfall estimates by combining their advantages, while partially overcoming their individual weaknesses. Despite significant research in this area, guidance on the suitability of and factors affecting merging techniques at the fine spatial‐temporal resolutions required for urban hydrological applications is still insufficient. In this paper, an in‐depth review of radar‐rain gauge merging techniques is conducted, with a focus on their potential for urban hydrological applications. An overview is first given of existing merging techniques and an application‐oriented categorization is proposed: (1) radar bias adjustment methods, (2) rain gauge interpolation methods using radar spatial association as additional information, and (3) radar‐rain gauge integration methods. A detailed review is given of studies focusing on the evaluation and intercomparison of merging methods, based upon which the most widely used and best performing techniques from each category are identified. These are mean field bias adjustment, kriging with external drift, and Bayesian merging. Climatological, operational, and methodological factors affecting merging performance are then reviewed and their relevance for urban applications discussed. Based on this review, conclusions on merging potential for urban applications are drawn and research gaps are identified, which should be addressed to provide further guidance on the use of merging techniques for urban hydrological applications.
Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration of an Integrated Hydrologic Model in an Irrigated Agricultural Basin With a Groundwater‐Dependent Ecosystem
Authors: Tolley D. , Foglia L. , Harter T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile sensitivity analysis and calibration are common practice in integrated hydrologic modeling, little work has been done to understand how the design of the sensitivity analysis and calibration affects the simulation outcome in these often highly nonlinear models. This is especially true for irrigated agricultural basins with a strong connection between land use, groundwater, and surface water. Using a range rather than a single set of initial parameter values, multiple sensitivity analyses, calibrations, and linearity tests were performed using UCODE_2014 on the Scott Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model. Calibration results show that parameters related to crop demand and applied irrigation water are most sensitive. Influence statistics show that low streamflow observations provide the most information during model calibration, indicating preference should be given to these observations during model development, sensitivity analysis, and calibration. Importantly, due to the nonlinearity of the integrated model, significant differences are found in results when initial parameter values are sampled from within their respective expected ranges. Estimates for some parameters varied up to an order of magnitude between calibrations, while all produced similar final objective function values, groundwater elevations, and stream flow. Confidence intervals for individual sensitivity analyses and calibration runs only spanned a fraction of the ensemble estimated parameter range across multiple runs. Our work suggests that a calibration design with multiple sensitivity analyses and calibrations of integrated hydrologic models, each using one of several widely varying sets of initial values, provides a frugal approach to identify parameters across the global parameter space.
Changes in Fire Activity in Africa from 2002 to 2016 and Their Potential Drivers
Authors: Zubkova Maria , Boschetti Luigi , Abatzoglou John T. , Giglio Louis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile several studies have reported a recent decline in area burned in Africa, the causes of this decline are still not well understood. In this study, we found that from 2002 to 2016 burned area in Africa declined by 18.5%, with the strongest decline (80% of the area) in the Northern Hemisphere. One third of the reduction in burned area occurred in croplands, suggesting that changes in agricultural practices (including cropland expansion) are not the predominant factor behind recent changes in fire extent. Linear models that considered interannual variability in climate factors directly related to biomass productivity and aridity explained about 70% of the decline in burned area in natural land cover. Our results provide evidence that despite the fact that most fires are human‐caused in Africa, increased terrestrial moisture during 2002–2016 facilitated declines in fire activity in Africa.
Cyanobacteria and cyanophage contributions to carbon and nitrogen cycling in an oligotrophic oxygen-deficient zone
Authors: Fuchsman Clara A , Palevsky Hilary I , Widner Brittany , Duffy Megan , Carlson Michael C G , Neibauer Jacquelyn A , Mulholland Margaret R , Keil Richard G , Devol Allan H , Rocap Gabrielle 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Up to half of marine N losses occur in oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs). Organic matter flux from productive surface waters is considered a primary control on N2 production. Here we investigate the offshore Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) where a secondary chlorophyll a maximum resides within the ODZ. Rates of primary production and carbon export from the mixed layer and productivity in the primary chlorophyll a maximum were consistent with oligotrophic waters. However, sediment trap carbon and nitrogen fluxes increased between 105 and 150 m, indicating organic matter production within the ODZ. Metagenomic and metaproteomic characterization indicated that the secondary chlorophyll a maximum was attributable to the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, and numerous photosynthesis and carbon fixation proteins were detected. The presence of chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea and the nitrite oxidizer Nitrospina and detection of nitrate oxidoreductase was consistent with cyanobacterial oxygen production within the ODZ. Cyanobacteria and cyanophage were also present on large (&gt;30 μm) particles and in sediment trap material. Particle cyanophage-to-host ratio exceeded 50, suggesting that viruses help convert cyanobacteria into sinking organic matter. Nitrate reduction and anammox proteins were detected, congruent with previously reported N2 production. We suggest that autochthonous organic matter production within the ODZ contributes to N2 production in the offshore ETNP.
Retinal structure in Leber’s congenital amaurosis caused by RPGRIP1 mutations
Authors: Miyamichi Daisuke , Nishina Sachiko , Hosono Katsuhiro , Yokoi Tadashi , Kurata Kentaro , Sato Miho , Hotta Yoshihiro , Azuma Noriyuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate retinal structure in the early stage of Leber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA) caused byRPGRIP1mutations. Four patients from two families were included. Case 1 was a 13-year-old girl, cases 2 and 3 were 7-year-old monozygotic twin brothers of case 1, and case 4 was a 17-year-old boy. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed, including visual acuity measurements, perimetry, electroretinography (ERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). To identify potential pathogenic mutations, 74 genes known to cause retinitis pigmentosa or LCA were assessed using targeted next-generation sequencing. OCT showed photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinning in all patients. The lamellar structure was retained in all patients, whereas the ellipsoid zone was extinguished in cases 1, 2, and 3. In case 4, the ellipsoid zone was maintained at 9 years of age but became blurred at 17 years of age. In case 1, OCT indicated slight photoreceptor ONL thinning during the period between 7 and 11 years of age. Mutation analysis revealedRPGRIP1mutations as the cause for autosomal recessive LCA in all patients. Photoreceptor ONL on OCT is relatively well preserved in the early stage of LCA caused byRPGRIP1mutations.
Complex electronic structure and compositing effect in high performance thermoelectric BiCuSeO
Authors: Ren Guang-Kun , Wang Shanyu , Zhou Zhifang , Li Xin , Yang Jiong , Zhang Wenqing , Lin Yuan-Hua , Yang Jihui , Nan Ce-Wen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBiCuSeO oxyselenides are promising thermoelectric materials, yet further thermoelectric figure of merit ZT improvement is largely limited by the inferior electrical transport properties. The established literature on these materials shows only one power factor maximum upon carrier concentration optimization, which is typical for most thermoelectric semiconductors. Surprisingly, we found three power factor maxima when doping Bi with Pb. Based on our first-principles calculations, numerical modeling, and experimental investigation, we attribute the three maxima to the Fermi energy optimization, band convergence, and compositing effect due to in situ formed PbSe precipitates. Consequently, three ZT peaks of 0.9, 1.1, and 1.3 at 873 K are achieved for 4, 10, and 14 at.% Pb-doped samples, respectively, revealing the significance of complex electronic structure and multiple roles of Pb in BiCuSeO. The results establish an accurate band structure characterization for BiCuSeO and identify the role of band convergence and nanoprecipitation as the driving mechanism for high ZT.
Oxidative post-translational modification of EXECUTER1 is required for singlet oxygen sensing in plastids
Authors: Dogra Vivek , Li Mingyue , Singh Somesh , Li Mengping , Kim Chanhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnvironmental information perceived by chloroplasts can be translated into retrograde signals that alter the expression of nuclear genes. Singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by photosystem II (PSII) can cause photo-oxidative damage of PSII but has also been implicated in retrograde signaling. We previously reported that a nuclear-encoded chloroplast FtsH2 metalloprotease coordinates 1O2-triggered retrograde signaling by promoting the degradation of the EXECUTER1 (EX1) protein, a putative 1O2 sensor. Here, we show that a 1O2-mediated oxidative post-translational modification of EX1 is essential for initiating 1O2-derived signaling. Specifically, the Trp643 residue in DUF3506 domain of EX1 is prone to oxidation by 1O2. Both the substitution of Trp643 with 1O2-insensitive amino acids and the deletion of the DUF3506 domain abolish the EX1-mediated 1O2 signaling. We thus provide mechanistic insight into how EX1 senses 1O2 via Trp643 located in the DUF3506 domain.
Dominant TOM1 mutation associated with combined immunodeficiency and autoimmune disease
Authors: Keskitalo Salla , Haapaniemi Emma M. , Glumoff Virpi , Liu Xiaonan , Lehtinen Ville , Fogarty Christopher , Rajala Hanna , Chiang Samuel C. , Mustjoki Satu , Kovanen Panu , Lohi Jouko , Bryceson Yenan T. , Seppänen Mikko , Kere Juha , Heiskanen Kaarina , Varjosalo Markku 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMutations in several proteins functioning as endolysosomal components cause monogenic autoimmune diseases, of which pathogenesis is linked to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, inefficient autophagy, and defective recycling of immune receptors. We report here a heterozygous TOM1 p.G307D missense mutation, detected by whole-exome sequencing, in two related patients presenting with early-onset autoimmunity, antibody deficiency, and features of combined immunodeficiency. The index patient suffered from recurrent respiratory tract infections and oligoarthritis since early teens, and later developed persistent low-copy EBV-viremia, as well as an antibody deficiency. Her infant son developed hypogammaglobulinemia, autoimmune enteropathy, interstitial lung disease, profound growth failure, and treatment-resistant psoriasis vulgaris. Consistent with previous knowledge on TOM1 protein function, we detected impaired autophagy and enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis in patient-derived cells. In addition, we noted diminished STAT and ERK1/2 signaling in patient fibroblasts, as well as poor IFN-γ and IL-17 secretion in T cells. The mutant TOM1 failed to interact with TOLLIP, a protein required for IL-1 recycling, PAMP signaling and autophagosome maturation, further strengthening the link between the candidate mutation and patient pathophysiology. In sum, we report here an identification of a novel gene, TOM1, associating with early-onset autoimmunity, antibody deficiency, and features of combined immunodeficiency. Other patient cases from unrelated families are needed to firmly establish a causal relationship between the genotype and the phenotype.
Antenatal exposure to solar radiation and learning disabilities: Population cohort study of 422,512 children
Authors: Hastie Claire E. , Mackay Daniel F. , Clemens Tom L. , Cherrie Mark P. C. , King Albert , Dibben Chris , Pell Jill P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLearning disability varies by month of conception. The underlying mechanism is unknown but vitamin D, necessary for normal brain development, is commonly deficient over winter in high latitude countries due to insufficient ultraviolet radiation. We linked the 2007–2016 Scottish School Pupil Censuses to Scottish maternity records and to sunshine hours and antenatal ultraviolet A/B radiation exposure derived from weather stations and satellites respectively. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associations between solar radiation, then ultraviolet B, and learning disabilities, adjusting for the potential confounding effects of month of conception and sex. Of the 422,512 eligible, singleton schoolchildren born at term in Scotland, 79,616 (18.8%) had a learning disability. Total antenatal sunshine hours (highest quintile; adjusted OR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.93; p < 0.001) and ultraviolet B exposure (highest quintile; adjusted OR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.60; p < 0.001) were inversely associated with learning disabilities with evidence of a dose-relationship. The latter association was independent of ultraviolet A exposure. Significant associations were demonstrated for exposure in all three trimesters. Low maternal exposure to ultraviolet B radiation may play a role in the seasonal patterning of learning disabilities. Further studies are required to corroborate findings and determine the effectiveness of supplements.