bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOLUBLE ST2 AND CD163 AS POTENTIALBIOMARKERS TO DIFFERENTIATE PRIMARY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS FROM MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROME
Authors: Gao Zhuo , Wang Yini , Wang Jingshi , Zhang Jia , Wang Zhao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background and Objective: The differentiation of primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) poses a challenge to hematologists. The aim of this study was (1) to compare the levels of soluble ST2 (sST2), sCD163, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-18 in patients with pHLH and MAS and (2) to investigate whether they can help differentiate the two diseases.
Methods: A total of 54 participants were recruited in this study, including 12 pHLH patients, 22 MAS patients and 20 healthy subjects. We measured the levels of sST2 and sCD163 in serum by ELISA. The serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-18 were detected using a Luminex 200 instrument.
Results: The serum levels of sST2 and sCD163 in MAS patients were markedly higher than that in pHLH patients (363.13 ± 307.24 ng/ml vs 80.75 ± 87.04 ng/ml, P = 0.004; 3532.72 ± 2479.68 ng/ml vs 1731.96 ± 1262.07 ng/ml, P = 0.046). There was no significant difference in the expression of IFN-γ (306.89 ± 281.60 pg/ml vs 562.43 ± 399.86 pg/ml), IL-10 (20.40 ± 30.49 pg/ml vs 8.3 ± 13.14 pg/ml), IL-18 (463.33 ± 597.04 pg/ml vs 1247.82 ± 1318.58 pg/ml) and TNF-α (61.48 ± 84.69 pg/ml vs 106.10 ±77.21 pg/ml) between pHLH and MAS.
Conclusion: Patients with pHLH and MAS show some differences in cytokine profiles. The elevated levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-α can contribute to the diagnosis of HLH, but may not discriminate pHLH from MAS. Levels of sST2 and sCD163 may serve as markers to distinguish pHLH from MAS.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AMONGST SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA PATIENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL, NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS
Authors: Bukar Audu Abdullahi , Sulaiman Mohammad Maina , Ladu Adama Isa , Abba Aisha Mohammed , Ahmed Mohammed Kabir , Marama Gideon Thomas , Abjah Usman Ali Medugu 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Involvement of the kidneys in patient with sickle cell anaemia is a well recognized chronic complication of this disorder. The index study seeks to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS) and to identify risk factors associated with its development.Methodology: The subjects consisted of adolescents and adults with HbSS recruited sequentially from the adult haematology outpatient clinic and Day care ward of the unit. Clinical variables including age of diagnosis of SCA, frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis and transfusion therapy, as well as laboratory data including haematological profile, renal function test were obtained from routine blood result. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) using the ‘modification of diet in renal disease’ (MDRD) formula..Results: Two hundred and eighty-four HbSS patients were recruited. The prevalence of CKD amongst them was 38.9%. Further stratification of the patients based on eGFR showed that sixty-nine (26.8%) had hyperfiltration; 35 (13.6%) stage 1 CKD; 53 (20.6%) stage 2 CKD; 61 (23.7%) stage 3 CKD; 30 (11.7%) stage 4 CKD and 9 (3.5%) had end stage renal disease. There was significant association between eGFR and clinical parameters such as age (r -0.353, p=0.000), SBP (r -0.148, p= 0.021), DBP (r -0.213, p=0.001) and total number of blood received (r -0.276, p=0.000); and laboratory parameters such as PCV (r 0.371, p=0.000); urea ( r 0.527, p=000 ); creatinine (r 0.625, p=0.000) and uric acid ( r -0.419, p=0.000).ConclusionThe present study has revealed a high prevalence of CKD amongst patients with SCA in this region. Various clinical and laboratory predictors of eGFR were also identified. Monitoring and detection of early stages of these groups of patients may allow for interventions which may delay progression into advance stages and ESRD.
A Developmental Perspective on Behaviors of New Faculty Transition into Higher Education
Authors: Kilbourne Brianne F. , Bowman Thomas G. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: January 2019

Context:The responsibilities of new faculty members can be stressful because of the expectations of research, teaching, service, and for some, administration. The strain from transition and role complexity can impact faculty members' perceptions of the experience and therefore professional development.Objective:To understand how individual characteristics and behaviors influenced development of new faculty during their transition from doctoral students to faculty members.Design:Qualitative phenomenology study.Setting:Higher education institutions with Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education-accredited athletic training programs.Patients or Other Participants:Sixteen junior faculty (7 males, 9 females, age = 32 ± 3.5 years) representing 7 National Athletic Trainers' Association districts and 14 different higher education institutions participated.Main Outcome Measure(s):A semistructured telephone interview protocol was used to examine the experiences of junior faculty within their first 3 years of a faculty role. Interviews were coded inductively using a psychosocial developmental interpretive lens. Credibility was established with saturation of the findings and researcher triangulation.Results:The data revealed 3 individual behavioral characteristics positively influenced the development of junior faculty through transition: (1) adaptive perfectionism, (2) competence gained through experience, and (3) the use of a mentor network. Our participants adapted personal expectations in light of outcomes that differed from personal standards; gained competence by seeking experience before, during, and after their doctoral studies; and used a mentor network to ease transition.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that individuals who are able to reflect on their performance and self-adjust personal standards and/or behaviors have a positive perception related to their ability to be successful during transition. Competence gained through experience apart from doctoral assistantships appears to facilitate the transition into higher education. Also, the creation and maintenance of a mentor network that provides a variety of support from multiple sources appears to improve transition by providing comradery, security, and help.
Staggered Wage Net Discount Rates: Comment
Authors: Krueger Kurt V. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Bauman and Schap have a history of studying the statistical properties of net discount rates. In this Journal, Baumann and Schap (2018) recently examined wage net discount rates (WNDRs) constructed from January 1980 to May 2016. This comment is intended to open discussion as to why there is a disconnect between WNDR science such as Bauman and Schap and many of the WNDRs that appear in the practice of forensic economics.
Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition
Authors: Willis Megan D. , Bozem Heiko , Kunkel Daniel , Lee Alex K. Y. , Schulz Hannes , Burkart Julia , Aliabadi Amir A. , Herber Andreas B. , Leaitch W. Richard , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The sources, chemical transformations and removal mechanisms of aerosol
transported to the Arctic are key factors that control Arctic
aerosol–climate interactions. Our understanding of sources and processes is
limited by a lack of vertically resolved observations in remote Arctic
regions. We present vertically resolved observations of trace gases and
aerosol composition in High Arctic springtime, made largely north of
80∘ N, during the NETCARE campaign. Trace gas gradients observed on
these flights defined the polar dome as north of 66–68∘ 30′ N
and below potential temperatures of 283.5–287.5 K. In the polar dome, we
observe evidence for vertically varying source regions and chemical
processing. These vertical changes in sources and chemistry lead to
systematic variation in aerosol composition as a function of potential
temperature. We show evidence for sources of aerosol with higher organic
aerosol (OA), ammonium and refractory black carbon (rBC) content in the upper
polar dome. Based on FLEXPART-ECMWF calculations, air masses sampled at all
levels inside the polar dome (i.e., potential temperature <280.5 K, altitude <∼3.5 km) subsided during transport
over transport times of at least 10 days. Air masses at the lowest potential
temperatures, in the lower polar dome, had spent long periods (>10 days)
in the Arctic, while air masses in the upper polar dome had entered the
Arctic more recently. Variations in aerosol composition were closely related
to transport history. In the lower polar dome, the measured sub-micron
aerosol mass was dominated by sulfate (mean 74 %), with lower contributions from rBC (1 %), ammonium (4 %) and OA
(20 %). At higher altitudes and higher potential temperatures, OA,
ammonium and rBC contributed 42 %, 8 % and 2 % of aerosol mass,
respectively. A qualitative indication for the presence of sea salt showed
that sodium chloride contributed to sub-micron aerosol in the lower polar
dome, but was not detectable in the upper polar dome. Our observations
highlight the differences in Arctic aerosol chemistry observed at
surface-based sites and the aerosol transported throughout the depth of the
Arctic troposphere in spring.
RUBBER BLEND AND FILLER EFFECTS ON DAMAGE MECHANISMS UNDER MONOTONIC AND FATIGUE LOADING
Authors: Sridharan Harini , Chanda Jagannath , Ghosh Prasenjit , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
To appreciate the nature and failure mode of elastomers, it is important to understand their fracture behavior. There are various factors that influence the fracture characteristics of rubber vulcanizates, namely, temperature, strain rate, and type of loading. In this research, fracture behavior of gum and carbon black filled rubber compounds having 100 parts natural rubber (NR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and 60–40 NR/BR blend is reported. The effect of strain rate, temperature, and carbon black on tensile strength, fracture/tearing energy, and crack growth is detailed. Based on our investigation, we have determined BR to be more sensitive to temperature change than NR. Also, contrasting behavior is observed for gum and filled polymer blends.
Tensile and fatigue tests were performed on a universal testing machine and tear and fatigue analyzer, respectively. The tested samples were also examined in the scanning electron microscope to obtain high-resolution imaging of fracture surfaces. The samples tested under monotonic loading provide smoother surfaces by showing the phase separation in comparison with fatigue loading.
Data Management, Technology, and Public Policy: The Implementation of Next Generation 911 and Its Connection to Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network at Public Safety Answering Points
Authors: Seeman Elaine , Kleckley James , Holloway James E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Enhanced 911 call systems face the transition to Next Generation 911 (NG911) driven by the ubiquity of smart phones and other digital technologies. NG911 services include data management and databases to gather, process and store NG911 call and location data. Federal NG911 policies to implement and fund NG911 and consolidate PSAPs are insufficient to timely further NG911 services and fully integrate NG911 with the Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network (NPSBN). Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) need NG911 emergency service IP networks (ESInets) to receive 911 emergency calls and NPSBN to deliver these calls and data to first responders.
Using students’ smartphones to learn a nursing skill: Students’ perspectives
Authors: Epstein Iris , Bertram Mavoy 
Published: December 2018

The increase in nursing students’ enrollment in post-secondary education, hospital restructuring and limited clinical placements have shifted nurses’ education to require more e-learning platforms. E-learning uses information and communication technologies to support interactions with content, learning activities and with others; and to facilitate self-reflection. Using smartphones’ video applications in a hybrid course can support learning. Most nursing students own smartphones and use them to create videos, however, their perspectives on using their smartphones to support learning a nursing skill is limited. This mixed method pilot study explored undergraduate nursing students’ perspectives on using their smartphones to record, and later receive feedback from their peers and faculty when learning a nursing skill. Twenty-six students completed questionnaires and seven students participated in a follow-up focus group. Two overarching themes emerged: (a) technical and (b) adaptive challenges. Students identified technical challenges in using their devices and how this influenced knowledge application. Others highlighted that the activity helped them to reflect and relate to self, others and their environments. The clinical, educational, ethical and research implications of this teaching-learning strategy will be discussed.
Critical Writing Skills in Legal Education. Special Issue on Active Learning and Teaching in Legal Education
Authors: van Klink Bart , Francot Lyana 
Published: January 2019

Critical Writing Skills in Legal Education. Special Issue on Active Learning and Teaching in Legal Education
In legal education, criticism is conceived as an academic activity. As lecturers, we expect from students more than just the expression of their opinion; they have to evaluate and criticize a certain practice, building on a sound argumentation and provide suggestions on how to improve this practice. Criticism not only entails a negative judgment but is also constructive since it aims at changing the current state of affairs that it rejects (for some reason or other). In this article, we want to show how we train critical writing in the legal skills course for first-year law students (Juridische vaardigheden) at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. We start with a general characterization of the skill of critical writing on the basis of four questions: 1. Why should we train critical writing? 2. What does criticism mean in a legal context? 3. How to carry out legal criticism? and 4. How to derive recommendations from the criticism raised? Subsequently, we discuss, as an illustration to the last two questions, the Dutch Urgenda case, which gave rise to a lively debate in the Netherlands on the role of the judge. Finally, we show how we have applied our general understanding of critical writing to our legal skills course. We describe the didactic approach followed and our experiences with it.
De mooie held geveld
Authors: Nelen Hans , van Gemert Frank 
Published: January 2019

Fall into disgrace; some introductory observations
In the introductory article of this special issue on the downfall of popular heroes, some relevant aspects in relation to the general theme are explored. Who are considered to be heroes and which elements are relevant to understand the process heroes may go through when they start sliding on the slippery slope, and, eventually, fall into the abyss of disgrace? What is the role that (social) media play in the demolition of their reputation and how do heroes perceive their own downfall and respond to it? The theoretical concept that is used in this article is Howard Becker’s master status and, in particular, the notion that the master status of a fallen hero surpasses and contaminates all other statuses, previously possessed by an individual.
Gevallen helden van bedrijfsleven en openbaar bestuur
Authors: Huisman Wim , Lesmeister Dennis 
Published: January 2019

Fallen heroes of business and public office. The ‘fall from grace’ in white-collar crime
In criminology, it is generally assumed that the high social status of white-collar offenders prevents them of being targeted by criminal law enforcement. But when they do, they suffer greater social and economic damage because of this high social status. Empirical research on the consequences of criminal law enforcement and conviction for white-collar offenders is scarce, and limited to the US and the UK. This paper used biographies of convicted former executives in business and public office in the Netherlands, to analyse these consequences and the process of the ‘fall from grace’ of white-collar offenders. The consequences are described in four life-domains: health, the private sphere, the occupational sphere and the social sphere. The results show that Dutch executives, in line with findings for the Anglo-American white-collar offenders, experience status degradation and suffer much collateral damage of criminal law enforcement. After the initial horror of imprisonment, they endure prison life fairly well. Individual competences and remaining social and economic capital enable them to return to normal life, although they cannot return to pre-conviction levels of social status.
Gevallen helden en geheugenoorlogen in voormalige Sovjetstaten
Authors: Siegel Dina 
Published: January 2019

Fallen heroes and memory-wars in former Soviet states
The relocation or destruction of the monuments of Soviet heroes in our times is in fact a process of replacement of one myth by the other. The commemoration of historical events has become the subject of struggle and manipulation of political power. The Soviet era is today the subject of divergent interpretations, ranging from nostalgia to denial, depending on the cultural, ethnic and socio-economic context in which these memories take place. In this article the processes are analysed, in which Lithuanians and Georgians change the meaning of symbols of their past in the attempt to redefine history and determine the fate of their fallen heroes.
Evaluation of dentinal micro-cracks caused by the Protaper Universal, Protaper Next and Reciproc rotary file systems used in root canal preparation
Authors: Deveci Taç Meltem , Kaya Sadullah , Falakaloğlu Seda 
Published: January 2019

Objective: In this study, we compared the occurrence of dentinal micro-cracks after use of the ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer), and Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) nickel–titanium rotary file systems in root canal preparation.
Method: One hundred mandibular anterior teeth were divided into five groups of 20 specimens each. Group 1 served as a control, with no intervention. In group 2, preparation was performed using the step-back technique and K files. In groups 3–5, root canal preparation was performed using the ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and Reciproc file systems, respectively. Following preparation, specimens were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm using a Minitom precision cut-off machine. The sections were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The following scoring system was used to rate specimens: 1, no micro-crack; 2, incomplete micro-crack; and 3, vertical root fracture. The results were statistically assessed (p ≤ 0.05).
Results: No micro-crack formation was observed in groups 1 and 2. The highest rate of micro-crack formation was observed in specimens prepared with the ProTaper Universal file system (20%), followed by those prepared with the Reciproc (11.7%) and ProTaper Next (6.7%) file systems. However, no significant difference was detected among groups (p > 0.05). In the groups ProTaper Universal and Reciproc files were used, 1 vertical root fracture was found in 9 mm sections for each.
Conclusion: Considering the limitations of in vitro studies, we can conclude that all rotary file systems used in this study led to dentinal micro-crack formation in roots. The ProTaper Universal file system caused more dentinal micro-cracking than did the ProTaper Next and Reciproc file systems.
Kartleggingsprøver i lesing - tid for nytenking?
Authors: Walgermo Bente Rigmor , Uppstad Per Henning , Lundetræ Kjersti , Tønnessen Finn Egil , Solheim Oddny Judith 
Published: January 2019

Som en del av det Nasjonale kvalitetsvurderingssystemet for grunnopplæringen (NKVS) i norsk utdanning har vi i dag forskjellige leseprøver med ulikt formål og utforming for bruk i det 13-årige skoleløpet. I denne artikkelen tegner vi opp en historisk bakgrunn for innføringen av kartleggingsprøvene i lesing i begynneropplæringen, og peker på flere forhold som kaller på en nytenking av dette prøvekonseptet. I artikkelen viser vi ved hjelp av data fra en longitudinell studie hvordan en kort oppgave gjennomført i slutten av første klasse predikerer vansker med leseforståelse i 3. klasse. Med utgangspunkt i disse resultatene drøfter vi kimen til et mulig nytt prøvekonsept med potensiale for a) bedre samsvar mellom teori om lesing og måling av lesing, b) longitudinell prediksjon, og c) en prøve som kan gjennomføres på kortere tid med forbedret pedagogisk potensiale. Sentralt i dette forslaget står tanken om en kort inngangsprøve som oppfyller prøvens primære formål om å identifisere de elevene som står i fare for å utvikle vansker med lesing, fulgt av en utforskende del gjennomført en-til-en som gir læreren informasjon om hvordan vansken arter seg.Nøkkelord: kartleggingsprøver i lesing, longitudinell prediksjon, tidlig innsats, dysleksi, lese- og skrivevansker, intensiv opplæring. Is it time to rethink screening tests for Reading?AbstractAs part of the national quality assessment system in education, Norwegian schools use a variety of reading test with different purposes and designs. In this study we initially provide a historical background regarding the development and implementation of the first-grade screening tests for reading. Within this historical context, we point to the need for rethinking the overall design and philosophy of these tests. Using longitudinal study data, we empirically document how a short group-administered assessment task at the end of first grade predicts difficulties in reading comprehension at the end of third grade. Based on these results we discuss the development of a new design with potentially a) better concurrence of reading theory and reading measures, b) longitudinal prediction, c) a shorter test with better pedagogical potential. Central to this idea is a short initial task that can fulfil the primary purpose of the screening, followed by an explorative, observational aspect, implemented in a one-to-one manner, that would provide greater information regarding the nature of the difficulty.Keywords: screening tests for reading, longitudinal prediction, early efforts, dyslexia, reading and writing difficulties, special education
PENSAMENTO NARRATIVO E OS HORIZONTES EPISTEMOLÓGICOS DA TEOLOGIA
Authors: Rodrigues Adriani Milli , Saldanha Matheus Bonifácio de Souza 
Published: January 2019

Em tempos considerados por muitos como pós-metafísicos, a crítica realizada por muitos pensadores que dialogam com a filosofia de Heidegger à ontoteologia tem promovido uma reflexão mais detida acerca dos caminhos epistemológicos da teologia no cenário contemporâneo. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo procura explorar uma alternativa epistemológica para a teologia que não se oriente pelo raciocínio metafísico abstrato, mas pela fértil concretude dos horizontes do pensamento narrativo. Para tanto, este estudo se organiza em três partes principais. A primeira parte procura problematizar brevemente a crítica ao pensamento metafísico em diálogo com Heidegger. A segunda seção trata das possibilidades epistemológicas oferecidas pelo pensamento narrativo, privilegiando as reflexões de Ricoeur. Finalmente, essas possibilidades serão colocadas em uma perspectiva teológica mais ampla, por meio da observação de traços de uma epistemologia narrativa na teologia de Robert Krieg. Em síntese, o artigo sugere que uma articulação epistemológica da teologia que privilegie o pensamento narrativo por meio da polifonia da linguagem bíblica se apresenta como um caminho promissor para se pensar Deus.