bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with reduced IL34 expression, alterations in the Langerhans cell antigen‐processing‐presentation machinery and poor patient survival
Authors: Dang Thi Viet Trinh , Gillinder Kevin R , Nguyen Quan , Mulay Onkar , Vo Tuan , Mehdi Ahmed M , Zhou Chenhao , Brooks Andrew J , Leggatt Graham R , Hume David A , Frazer Ian H , Chandra Janin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesLangerhans cells (LCs) are epithelial antigen‐presenting cells (APC) contributing to immune surveillance. LCs depend on interleukin 34 (IL34) production by epithelial cells. This study aimed to uncover mechanisms of alteration of IL34 and LC function in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsCancer cohort data were used to identify associations between SCC and IL34. ATAC‐seq of keratinocytes (KCs) and LCs from a murine model of epithelial hyperplasia, driven by HPV16 E7 oncoprotein (K14E7), was analysed. Transcriptomic data were used to validate findings. RNAscope, RT‐qPCR, ELISA and confocal imaging was used to analyse IL34 expression and LCs in a spatial context.ResultsIL34 mRNA is downregulated in human SCCs of the head and neck, the cervix, the lung and the oesophagus, and low IL34 expression is associated with poor survival. We demonstrate that KCs of K14E7 mice have reduced Il34 gene accessibility, mRNA and protein, as well as broad changes in promotor accessibility associated with cell adhesion and immune responses. Chromatin accessibility was substantially changed in LCs, including increased accessibility of the Csf1r gene, and changes in promotors associated with cytoskeleton arrangement and antigen processing and presentation. We discovered altered spatial LC dendrite organisation in hyperproliferative epithelium.ConclusionSquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, head and neck, oesophagus and lung demonstrate downregulation of IL34, which is associated with poor survival, and with alterations in LC spatial organisation and function. These findings suggest that reduced IL34 expression in SCC may contribute to impaired local immunity through LC dysregulation.
A symbiotic mosquito‐gut bacterium for flavivirus control
Authors: Wang Jinglin , Zhu Yibin , Leng Jun , Yuan Yulin , Cao Yingyi , Cheng Gong , Xia Xueshan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as major global public health challenges, causing numerous infections and fatalities each year. However, current measures, including vaccines and treatments, are often limited or ineffective. This highlights the urgent need for novel preventive strategies to control the spread of key mosquito‐borne viruses like DENV and ZIKV. In a recent study published in Science, Zhang et al. isolated a bacterium named Rosenbergiella_YN46 from the gut of field‐caught Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China. This commentary reviews their findings, published on April 19, 2024, which describe the symbiotic bacterium Rosenbergiella_YN46 and its ability to block flavivirus transmission, including both DENV and ZIKV. The bacterium shows promising potential for future dengue fever prevention and provides valuable insights into a novel biological approach for controlling mosquito‐borne viral diseases.
Performance Improvement of NOMA Under Imperfect CSI and Inter‐Network Interference for Future Cellular Networks
Authors: Raeisidehkordi Ehsan , Bakhshi Hamidreza 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFuture communications networks, including sixth‐generation (6G) and the internet of things (IoT), are expected to support higher capacity, quality of service, and user demands. However, serving a massive number of users in future networks poses the bandwidth limitation challenge. Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been proposed for the future IoT and 6G networks to address the mentioned problem by serving multiple users in one resource block. However, the practical approach for a multi‐cell network is to consider inter‐network interference and imperfect channel state information (CSI), which significantly deteriorates NOMA performance. This paper analyzes NOMA performance in terms of network outage probability, base station (BS) activity detection, and network sum rate under imperfect CSI and the presence of interference. In this regard, it proposes a method to improve the BS activity detection and network sum rate of NOMA networks, which exploits a lower computation complexity compared to similar research in the literature. The analytical and simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over conventional NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes in terms of network sum rate and base station detection activity.
Genomics identifies koala populations at risk across eastern Australia
Authors: McLennan Elspeth A. , Kovacs Toby G. L. , Silver Luke W. , Chen Zhiliang , Jaya Frederick R. , Ho Simon Y. W. , Belov Katherine , Hogg Carolyn J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKoalas are an iconic, endangered, Australian marsupial. Disease, habitat destruction, and catastrophic mega‐fires have reduced koalas to remnant patches of their former range. With increased likelihood of extreme weather events and ongoing habitat clearing across Australia, koala populations are vulnerable to further declines and isolation. Small, isolated populations are considered at risk when there is increased inbreeding, erosion of genomic diversity, and loss of adaptive potential, all of which reduce their ability to respond to prevailing threats. Here, we characterized the current genomic landscape of koalas using data from The Koala Genome Survey, a joint initiative between the Australian Federal and New South Wales Governments that aimed to provide a future‐proofed baseline genomic dataset across the koala's range in eastern Australia. We identified several regions of the continent where koalas have low genomic diversity and high inbreeding, as measured by runs of homozygosity. These populations included coastal sites along southeast Queensland and northern and mid‐coast New South Wales, as well as southern New South Wales and Victoria. Analysis of genomic vulnerability to future climates revealed that northern koala populations were more at risk due to the extreme expected changes in this region, but that the adaptation required was minimal compared with other species. Our genomic analyses indicate that continued development, particularly linear infrastructure along coastal sites, and resultant habitat destruction are causing isolation and subsequent genomic erosion across many koala populations. Habitat protection and the formation of corridors must be employed for all koala populations to maintain current levels of diversity. For highly isolated koala populations, active management may be the only way to improve genomic diversity in the short term. If koalas are to be conserved for future generations, reversing their genomic isolation must be a priority in conservation planning.
Unpacking the Controversies of Weight Loss and Dietary Restraint With Binge‐Eating Disorder: Commentary on Grilo and Pittman
Authors: Balantekin Katherine N. , Hayes Jacqueline F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe study by Grilo and Pittman highlights two related controversies affecting the eating disorders field: (1) Is it ever appropriate to recommend behavioral weight loss (BWL) interventions to patients with binge‐eating disorder (BED); and (2) Is dietary restraint beneficial or harmful? This paper explores reasons underlying these controversies and underscores the important nuances within these constructs within the context of Grilo and Pittman's findings. For example, people often subsume BWL as part of the umbrella term “dieting,” but extensive research shows clear differences between self‐directed “dieting” and BWL intervention on both weight loss efficacy and on eating disorder psychopathology. In addition, it is critical to consider and understand the different types of dietary restraint. Increases in rigid restraint are often considered a negative outcome in the eating disorder field; however, Grilo and Pittman identify increases as beneficial for individuals with BED and obesity participating in a BWL intervention. There is a critical need in the eating disorders field to work together to better understand the nuance underlying these frequently used constructs.
On the Relationship Between the Gini Coefficient and Skewness
Authors: Lian Meng , Chen Long , Hui Cang , Zhu Fuyuan , Shi Peijian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSkewness, a measure of the asymmetry of a distribution, is frequently employed to reflect a biologically important property. Another statistic, the Gini coefficient (GC), originally used to measure economic inequality, has been validated in measuring the inequality of biological size distributions. Given that the GC and skewness control overlapping domains and interact with each other, researchers are perplexed by their relationship (varying with the biological [organ, tissue or cell] size distributions) and use both of them together to provide a more complete picture of the data. This study provides analytical forms of the GC for biological size distributions, including two‐parameter Weibull, uniform, normal, two‐parameter lognormal, gamma, three‐parameter Weibull, three‐parameter lognormal, and three‐parameter gamma distributions. Two empirical data sets and simulation data sets were used to clarify the GC–skewness relationships under different distributions. For the aforementioned distributions, the GC–skewness relationships can be divided into three types: (i) for a symmetrical distribution, the skewness is 0, and the GC ranges from 0.56 to 0.58 multiplied by the standard deviation divided by the mean irrespective of its relationship with the skewness; (ii) for an asymmetric distribution with a zero threshold, the GC is a monotonously increasing function of the skewness, and the two measures are equivalent; (iii) for an asymmetric distribution with a non‐zero threshold, the GC is determined by the skewness and an additional correction factor. We showed the differences in improving the accuracy of GC calculations based on small‐sample adjustments among various calculation methods, including the polygon (trapezoidal set) area method and the rotated Lorenz curve method. The present study turns the GC into a property of the distribution and offers a clear understanding for the GC–skewness relationship. This work provides insights into selecting and using the GC to measure inequality in ecological data, facilitating more accurate and meaningful analyses.
A Future Without Control Basins: Compound Forest Disturbance and the Disappearance of Undisturbed Forested Catchments in the Western United States
Authors: Schneider Katie E. , Hogue Terri 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, forest disturbances caused by wildfire, insect and disease‐induced forest mortality and drought have increased in frequency and magnitude, especially in the Western United States. Forest disturbances have been shown to alter water budget partitioning. However, the water budget response to disturbance is inconsistent and is still being characterized within forest disturbance hydrology (FDH) literature. In this review and synthesis, we evaluate how FDH literature has grown in recent decades (2000–2021), and we extract papers discussing compound (or overlapping) forest disturbances in the Western United States. We then compare literature findings with the actual prevalence of forest disturbance (caused by wildfire, insects and disease) in forested catchments in the Western United States, at HUC‐8, −10 and −12 scales. We find that 94% of HUC‐8 basins, 85% of HUC‐10 basins, and 60% of HUC‐12 basins have experienced compound wildfire and insect/disease disturbance over the period 2000–2022, and virtually, no basins remain undisturbed. These figures contrast with recent FDH literature, where relatively few studies evaluate the hydrologic implications of compound disturbances. These findings suggest that FDH literature is not ‘meeting the moment’ and perhaps, more critically, that true control (or ‘static’) basins are nearly nonexistent in the Western United States. We highlight that as a community of ecohydrologists, we must rethink how we assess post‐disturbance water budget partitioning. This will require better tools (e.g., models) to assess post‐disturbance hydrology, more observations and especially cross‐disciplinary collaborations between hydrology and forestry communities.
Time since fire interacts with herbivore intake rates to control herbivore habitat occupancy
Authors: Donaldson Jason E. , Anderson T. Michael , Munuo Norbert , Holdo Ricardo M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmaller grazers consistently show greater preference for recently burned patches than larger species. Energy optimization theory posits that this pattern is driven by small‐ versus large‐bodied herbivores seeking to maximize energy intake by choosing high‐quality recently burned grasses, or high‐quantity unburned grasses, respectively. We propose that if burn preference is driven by an energy‐maximization mechanism, then preference should change over time as grass regrows and progresses across the optimal feeding heights of herbivores of increasing body size. To test this, we used a camera trap array in the Serengeti National Park to quantify changes in the relative preference for burned patches of seven ruminant herbivore species. We compared observed patterns to simulation results from a grass production‐herbivore patch selection model. Burn preference and herbivore body size scaled negatively for 6 months after fire, but this relationship disappeared after 7 months when smaller species stopped selecting burns, and larger herbivores selected burns after 10 months, in a reversal of classic grazer succession. Simulations recreated the former but not the latter relationship, suggesting that an energy‐maximization mechanism can drive allometric scaling of burn preference immediately after fire, but over longer periods, grazer‐driven feedbacks are required to explain large herbivore burn preferences.
Abrupt demographic change affects projected population size: Implications for an endangered species in a protected area
Authors: Strier Karen B. , Ives Anthony R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how demographic parameters change with density is essential for predicting the resilience of small populations. We use long‐term, individual‐based life history data from an isolated population of the Critically Endangered Northern Muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) inhabiting a 1000‐ha protected forest to evaluate density‐dependent demographic rates before and after an abrupt population decline. We found no effect of density on fertility or birth sex ratio, but mortality rates increased linearly with log density over the 33 years of population growth (1983–2015) and the subsequent 7 years of population decline (2016–2022). We used an age‐ and sex‐structured logistic growth model to project population sizes to 2060. Under the 1983–2015 demographic profile, the projected size was 500 individuals, but this dropped to 200 when including the abrupt change. Although the abrupt decline coincided with the end of a 2‐year drought and a yellow fever outbreak, we found no statistical effects of climate or disease on the continued population decline after 2016. However, the lower projected carrying capacity for muriquis is consistent with reduced forest productivity and increased predator pressures. These findings demonstrate the value of long‐term monitoring for identifying demographic changes that affect the sustainability of wildlife populations in small protected areas.
IL1R2 Acts as a Negative Regulator of Monocyte Recruitment During Inflammation
Authors: Cros Adeline , Segura Elodie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIL1‐β plays a central role in inflammation but its biological action needs to be tightly controlled. Such negative regulation can be exerted by the decoy receptor IL1R2. However, IL1R2 biology in immune cells remains poorly characterized, in particular in monocytes. Using conditional deficient mice, we show that Il1r2 deficiency in monocytes does not affect their steady‐state life cycle but dysregulates their trafficking to inflamed tissues in models of peritonitis and neuro‐inflammation. Mechanistically, we found that Il1r2 deficiency in monocytes increases CCL2 secretion in the inflamed peritoneum, thereby amplifying monocyte recruitment from blood. In autoimmune neuro‐inflammation, Il1r2 deficiency in monocytes exacerbates disease severity. Our findings suggest that the specific action of IL1R2 in monocytes contributes to a feedback mechanism for fine‐tuning the numbers of recruited monocytes during inflammation.
Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐Trimethylsiloxy‐pyridine and α‐Trifluoromethyl Diazomethane: An Approach to Tetrasubstituted gem‐Difluoro Olefins
Authors: Li Guang‐Hui , Huang Xin‐Yu , Lv Jun‐Xi , Zhao Xue‐Di , Yang Shengchao , Liu Lu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe a Rh2(OAc)4‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐trimethylsiloxy‐pyridine and fluorinated diazomethanes, which provides an effective and straightforward approach to the synthesis of 2‐oxopyridinyl tetrasubstituted gem‐difluoro olefins. This protocol features good functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, good yield, and readily available substrates.
Direct Reductive N‐alkylation of Amines with Carboxylic Esters
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Bonku Emmanuel Mintah , Yang Xingbang , Zhu Fuqiang , Jiang Xiangrui , Abduahadi Safomuddin , Yang Peng , Aisa Haji Akber , Shen Jingshan , Qin Hongjian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report herein a facile direct method for the reductive N‐alkylation of amines with carboxylic esters, using tert‐butylmagnesium chloride (t‐BuMgCl) as a mediator and Red‐Al as the reducing agent. The direct amidation of esters with amines and t‐BuMgCl generates the intermediate amides. Subsequently, without the need for isolation or purification, these intermediates reacted with Red‐Al in the same reaction flask to generate amines up to 90 % yield. This process is characterized by the rapid reaction time, quantitative conversion, and broad ester scope with various functional groups. Notably, this method enables the successful transformation of amine with carboxylic esters to produce cariprazine, a pivotal antipsychotic drug substance.
Optical Determination of the Internal Capillary Diameter Used in Taylor Dispersion Analysis
Authors: Roca Sébastien , Leclercq Laurent , Gonzalez Philippe , Somnin Chutintorn , Alvarez Marta Garrido , Dhellemmes Laura , Chamieh Joseph , Cottet Hervé 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, we describe an optical setup to determine the internal diameter of narrow bore fused silica capillary used in capillary electrophoresis and Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA). Indeed, fluctuations up to about ±3–4 µm on the capillary I.D. can generate important inaccuracy on the hydrodynamic radius determination by TDA. Calibration of the optical set‐up, impact of the operator and of the placement of the capillary in the focal plane, and the influence of the way to cut the capillary were investigated and discussed. This optical set‐up was next used to determine capillary I.D. on a 60 m long capillary spool. Relatively small variations were observed along a 60 m capillary spool (0.3 µm maximum variation), while important I.D. fluctuations can be observed from capillary batch to batch. Taking three capillaries of three different nominal I.D. values, Rh values of sodium benzoate obtained by TDA were not significantly different if the capillary I.D. were optically measured, while significant variations were observed with the nominal I.D. values. A protocol based on TDA of sodium benzoate was proposed for calibrating narrow bore fused silica capillary I.D. without the use of optical measurements for researchers that would not have access to such optical equipment.
Annual energy, exergy, and efficiency analyses for conical solar still combined with N number of evacuated collectors
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe utilization of solar energy technology for obtaining clean water for use of society in remote locations will help in fulfilling the sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Also, promotion of solar energy for the use of society will subside dependency on the fossil fuel or conventional energy. This article deals with the annual energy, exergy, and efficiency analyses of N identical ETCs incorporated conical solar still (NETC‐CSS). The thermal model for the proposed system has been developed based on equating input and output heats for different elements. The developed fundamental equations are fed to the MATLAB computational code. The four weather situations in each month of year for New Delhi climate is considered for the annual analysis. The annual energy, exergy, thermal efficiency, and exergy efficiency for NETC‐CSS are computed to be 1796.61, 170.19 kWh, 38.79%, and 3.94% under optimized values of mass flow rate and number of collectors. Results are compared with earlier published research. Concludingly, the increase in annual energy, exergy, thermal efficiency, and exergy efficiency for NETC‐CSS is 68.03% than modified solar still, 74.14% than conventional conical solar still, 61.12% than modified solar still, and 72.59% than solar still with parabolic trough collector.
A simulation based water quality parameter control of aquaponic system employing model predictive control strategy incorporation with optimization technique
Authors: Debroy Pragnaleena , Majumder Priyanka , Seban Lalu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAquaponics is an integration of aquaculture and hydroponics systems, utilizing recirculating water to connect these two processes. Maintaining optimal water quality parameters is critical for the life of fish and plants and crucial for the optimal production in the aquaponics. However, this is difficult due to the complex dynamics in each system and the recirculations. Atmospheric temperature significantly impacts fish and plant growth by affecting water quality parameters. To address this, a mathematical model for key parameters, such as temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO), is introduced, along with a model predictive controller (MPC) that is designed to maintain these parameters at optimal levels. The ideal operating points for temperature and DO are identified by optimizing the aquaponics dynamics. The MPC's performance is compared to that of a traditional proportional‐integral (PI) controller, utilizing two performance indices: relative absolute deviation (RAD) and mean relative deviation (MRD). The MPC demonstrates a reduction in RAD values for both FT and NFT water parameters by 40%–60%, and MRD values by 8%–43%. These results show that the MPC effectively mitigates disturbances and addresses model mismatches, outperforming the PI controller. Implementing the proposed strategies in aquaponic systems enhances overall performance, boosts food production rates, maximizes profit, and reduces labour.