bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of International Energy Security Risk Index in European Countries
Authors: Chernyak Oleksandr , Kharlamova Ganna , Stavytskyy Andriy 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with the analysis and forecasting of energy security risk index for eleven European countries (the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, and Ukraine for the period 1992-2016). Nowadays, energy security plays an important role in guaranteeing the national, political and economic security of the country. A literature review of different approaches to defining energy security gave the possibility to consider the regression model of energy security risk index assessment, which takes into account the levels of economic, technical and technological, ecological, social and resource components. This step was proceeded with clusterization of the analysed countries in three groups according to Energy Security Risk Index. Based on this approach resource-mining countries (Denmark, Germany, Norway and the UK) were grouped in Cluster I, while Ukraine occupied the last Cluster III. The next division in five clusters supported the indicated allocation. Finally, we calculated the forecasts of energy security risk index based on data of 1992-2014. It allowed realizing the perspectives of energy market for the nearest future, particularly for Ukraine, which needs development of a new strategy of energy security
Protecting Economic Interests or the Right to Life? Perception of the European Court of Justice on Emergency Medical Services1
Authors: Uusitalo Jenna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEuropean Union (EU) was founded to strengthen European integration through purely economic cooperation while disregarding human rights. However, throughout its existence the EU has been challenged to take a stand on human rights. In fact, the application and promotion of human rights has increased significantly in recent years, especially during the last 15 years, mainly thanks to the establishment of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in 2000. Through the selected cases concerning emergency medical services, this paper examines how the arguments of the European Court of Justice have eventually been shifting from purely economic ideology towards more human rights based approach. However, the article essentially argues that the full potential of human rights to support the claims that are inherently economic in their nature has not yet been utilized and therefore the essential aim of the Charter to strengthen human rights protection in the EU remains unachieved.
Comparative Study of Bioceramic Powders Synthesis Based on Calcium and Phosphates
Authors: Ungureanu Dan Nicolae , Avram Daniela , Angelescu Nicolae , Catangiu Adrian , Anghelina Florina Violeta , Despa Veronica 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper is presented a comparative study regarding the synthesis of hydroxyapatite powders. The chosen method of synthesis of this biomaterial was chemical co-precipitation. The structure, size and morphology of the obtained powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy - FTIR, dynamic light diffusion DLS tehnique and scanning electron microscopy-SEM. The results obtained were compared with those obtained on a commercial hydroxyapatite powder. Investigation methods have confirmed the synthesis of a high purity hydroxyapatite with a optimal degree of crystallization and crystallinity for the reconstruction and regeneration of hard tissue.
Structural and Morphological Investigations on Coreshell Hybrid Microparticles
Authors: Brezoi Dragoş Viorel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a micro encapsulation method of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in PEG4000. A suspension of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and dissolved PEG is sprayed through a nozzle at atmospheric pressure. After rapid expansion, core-shell composite microparticles that don´t tend to agglomerate are obtained. Structure and morphology were investigated by electronic microscopy (TEM and SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and spectral technique (UV-Vis and FTIR).
The jurisprudential basis to the common law notion of Indigenous title: Some comparisons
Authors: Hudson Robert 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Indigenous title is a unique form of land ownership whereby settlers who occupy land previously inhabited by Indigenous people recognize within their set of laws a legal right possessed by Indigenous people to own their ancestral land. In this paper I examine three jurisprudential criteria by which Indigenous title can be identified: the first based on traditional law or custom, the second on exclusive occupation of the land, and the third on intensive use of the land. Finding flaws with the first two criteria, I argue for a juridical approach to Indigenous title that emphasizes intensive use.
New clues into the self-assembly of Vmh2, a basidiomycota class I hydrophobin
Authors: Pennacchio Anna , Cicatiello Paola , Notomista Eugenio , Giardina Paola , Piscitelli Alessandra 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hydrophobins are fungal proteins that can self-assemble into amphiphilic films at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces. Class I hydrophobin aggregates resemble amyloid fibrils, sharing some features with them. Here, five site-directed mutants of Vmh2, a member of basidiomycota class I hydrophobins, were designed and characterized to elucidate the molecular determinants playing a key role in class I hydrophobin self-assembly. The mechanism of fibril formation proposed for Vmh2 foresees that the triggering event is the destabilization of a specific loop (L1), leading to the formation of a β-hairpin, which in turn generates the β-spine of the amyloid fibril.
Effect of Chromium Addition on the Cyclic Oxidation Resistance of Pseudo-Binary (Mo,Cr)3 Si Silicide Alloy
Authors: Rosales I. , Ponce D. , Garcia-Ramirez MJ. , Guardian R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the performance under cyclic oxidation of (Mo,Cr)3 Si compound with different Cr additions for possible coating application. Cyclic oxidation was carried out at 1,000 °C at different intervals during 250 h. Oxidized surface samples were analysed by scanning electron microscope where epitaxial oxide scales were observed mainly in samples with higher Cr content which may provide protection against surface oxidation. X-ray diffraction studies have shown the Cr2O3 and SiO2 formation as the main oxide scale; after analyses, it was found that these oxides are responsible for the best oxidation protection, with 36 at.% Cr being the optimal chromium concentration. At lower chromium concentrations, pest reaction occurred in the oxidized samples at times less than 25 h as a result of the formation of the unstable molybdenum oxide.
Use of Modified Temperature-Composition PDF Formulation in Modeling of Flame Dynamics in Diesel Engine Combustion
Authors: Özdemir İ. Bedii , Cengiz Cengizhan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the present work, the modified temperature-composition (MT-C) PDF formulation was embedded in the KIVA to study the characteristics of flame development and emissions in a diesel engine. The model uses a time scale defined by an energy balance on the flame surface and a new normalization scheme exploiting the maximum attainable mass fractions of progress variables. Development of the latter in the

T

−

ξ

{\rm{T}} - {{\xi }}

parameter space regulates the flame progress in the physical space and, thus, the approach presents some potential to capture the local flame extinction. The interactions of the swirl and spray penetration and their influence in the mixing process, combustion and emissions are also evaluated. Analyses of the temporal evolution of mixture fraction and temperature show that the swirl motion forms a homogeneous mixture on the lee sides of the spray jets where the ignition actually starts. Since the local time scales are considered in the model, the chemistry-controlled premixed combustion developing there is well predicted.
MIRATE: MIps RATional dEsign Science Gateway
Authors: Busato Mirko , Distefano Rosario , Bates Ferdia , Karim Kal , Bossi Alessandra Maria , López Vilariño José Manuel , Piletsky Sergey , Bombieri Nicola , Giorgetti Alejandro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are high affinity robust synthetic receptors, which can be optimally synthesized and manufactured more economically than their biological equivalents (i.e. antibody). In MIPs production, rational design based on molecular modeling is a commonly employed technique. This mostly aids in (i) virtual screening of functional monomers (FMs), (ii) optimization of monomer-template ratio, and (iii) selectivity analysis. We present MIRATE, an integrated science gateway for the intelligent design of MIPs. By combining and adapting multiple state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools into automated and innovative pipelines, MIRATE guides the user through the entire process of MIPs’ design. The platform allows the user to fully customize each stage involved in the MIPs’ design, with the main goal to support the synthesis in the wet-laboratory. Availability: MIRATE is freely accessible with no login requirement at http://mirate.di.univr.it/. All major browsers are supported.
Interactive Molecular Graphics for Augmented Reality Using HoloLens
Authors: Müller Christoph , Krone Michael , Huber Markus , Biener Verena , Herr Dominik , Koch Steffen , Reina Guido , Weiskopf Daniel , Ertl Thomas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Immersive technologies like stereo rendering, virtual reality, or augmented reality (AR) are often used in the field of molecular visualisation. Modern, comparably lightweight and affordable AR headsets like Microsoft’s HoloLens open up new possibilities for immersive analytics in molecular visualisation. A crucial factor for a comprehensive analysis of molecular data in AR is the rendering speed. HoloLens, however, has limited hardware capabilities due to requirements like battery life, fanless cooling and weight. Consequently, insights from best practises for powerful desktop hardware may not be transferable. Therefore, we evaluate the capabilities of the HoloLens hardware for modern, GPU-enabled, high-quality rendering methods for the space-filling model commonly used in molecular visualisation. We also assess the scalability for large molecular data sets. Based on the results, we discuss ideas and possibilities for immersive molecular analytics. Besides more obvious benefits like the stereoscopic rendering offered by the device, this specifically includes natural user interfaces that use physical navigation instead of the traditional virtual one. Furthermore, we consider different scenarios for such an immersive system, ranging from educational use to collaborative scenarios.
An Overview of Segmentation Algorithms for the Analysis of Anomalies on Medical Images
Authors: Kumar Subbiahpillai Neelakantapillai , Fred Alfred Lenin , Varghese Paul Sebastin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Human disease identification from the scanned body parts helps medical practitioners make the right decision in lesser time. Image segmentation plays a vital role in automated diagnosis for the delineation of anatomical organs and anomalies. There are many variants of segmentation algorithms used by current researchers, whereas there is no universal algorithm for all medical images. This paper classifies some of the widely used medical image segmentation algorithms based on their evolution, and the features of each generation are also discussed. The comparative analysis of segmentation algorithms is done based on characteristics like spatial consideration, region continuity, computation complexity, selection of parameters, noise immunity, accuracy, and computation time. Finally, in this work, some of the typical segmentation algorithms are implemented on real-time datasets using Matlab 2010 software, and the outcome of this work will be an aid for the researchers in medical image processing.
Fabrication and characterization of chitosan coated human hair reinforced phytagel modified soy protein-based green composite
Authors: Deepmala Km , Jain Naman , Singh Vinay Kumar , Chauhan Sakshi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the present investigation, human hair reinforced soy protein isolate (SPI)-based green composites modified with 40 wt.% phytagel and 12.5 wt.% glycerol were developed. Characterization of the prepared composites was done through water absorption, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Composites having 2 wt.% of human hair fiber gave the optimum results for the tensile test. At 2 wt.% of human hair composition maximum tensile strength 17.23 MPa was obtained whereas the tensile strength of neat SPI was 8.54 MPa. SEM images show the interfacial bonding between human hair fiber and SPI resin and gave the clear explanation of the change in tensile strength and water absorption %. Chitosan coating was applied to fabricated composites to reduce water uptake. Chitosan coated sample showed considerable improvement in tensile strength, water uptake and glass transition temperature.
Survivable Virtual Optical Network Coordinated Mapping with Local Backup
Authors: Ren Danping , Wang Wei , Hu Jinhua , Zhao Jijun 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Survivable virtual optical network (VON) mapping is researched to overcome the ossification of current network architectures. In this paper, we study the survivable VON mapping problem in elastic optical network (EON) with the objective of minimizing the average resource consumption of VON request. We propose a protective algorithm, namely, coordinated mapping algorithm based on minimum spanning tree (CMST), to provide the dedicated protection against the single physical link failure. In CMST, for virtual node mapping, we not only consider the resources constraint but also the node degree constraint. For virtual link mapping, we adopt the coordinated mapping method for part of the virtual nodes and virtual links. And we provide the backup path for the minimum spanning tree link of virtual topology to reduce the resource consumption. Simulation results showed that CMST can reduce the VON request blocking probability and average network resource consumption. And it can increase the revenue of physical network.
Reduction of PAPR in FBMC System Using Different Reduction Techniques
Authors: Kumar Arun , Rathore Hemant 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this research study, different Peak Average Power Ratio (PAPR) based reduction techniques, namely, A-Law companding, µ-Law companding, Clipping & Filtering and Clipping are analyzed for Filter Band Multi-Carrier (FBMC) with different transmission systems such as Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 64-QPSK and 64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. It is estimated that the PAPR reduction can benefit by using clipping technique in FBMC.
A Stage-Theoretical Account of Diachronic Identity
Authors: Baber H. E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Diachronic identity is understood as an identity holding between something existing at one time and something existing at another time. On the stage view, however, ordinary objects are instantaneous stages that do not exist at other times so diachronic identity is, at best, problematic.
On account proposed here a name does not, as Sider and others suggest, denote a stage concurrent with its utterance. Rather, at any time, t, a name of an ordinary object designates a stage-at-t as its primary referent and refers indeterminately over it and all and only those stages counterpart-related to it—its reference class at t. At any time, t, a at t1
is the same object as b at t2
iff for every stage x counterpart-related to a’s stage-at t and every stage y counterpart-related to b’s stage-at-t, x=y. Diachronic identity statements, therefore, assert strict identities—between concurrent stages. Ordinarily names select the same reference classes at every time so, in ordinary cases, identity statements are not ‘occasional’.
In fission cases names select different reference classes at different times. Where a becomes b and c, at any pre-fission time ‘a’, ‘b’, and ‘c’ have same the primary referent and so select the same reference class—therefore, before fission b is the same object as c. At any post-fission time ‘b’ and ‘c’ select different reference classes—so after fission b is not the same object as c.
Identity is not occasional but, in extraordinary cases, identity statements are—because reference is.
Self-Organizing Map Classification of the Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Produced by Typical Tablet Computers
Authors: Brodić Darko , Amelio Alessia , Draganov Ivo R. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the extremely low frequency magnetic field produced by the tablet computers is explored. The measurement of the tablet computers’ magnetic field is performed by using a measuring geometry previously proposed for the laptop computers. The experiment is conducted on five Android tablet computers. The measured values of the magnetic field are compared to the widely accepted TCO safety standard. Then, the results are classified by the Self-Organizing Map method in order to create different levels of safety or danger concerning the magnetic field to which tablet computer users are exposed. Furthermore, a brief comparison of the obtained magnetic field levels with the ones from typical laptops is performed. At the end, a practical suggestion on how to avoid the high exposure to the low frequency magnetic field emitted by the tablet computers is given.
Controlling the phase of optical nonlinearity with plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Shumei , Li Guixin , Cheah Kok Wai , Zentgraf Thomas , Zhang Shuang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces are ultrathin structured surfaces that are capable of manipulating the propagation of light in an arbitrary manner. It has been endowed with various functionalities ranging from imaging to holography. In contrast to linear optical processes, the control of wave propagation and diffraction over nonlinear optical processes such as harmonic generations had been much more limited until recently, when the concept of metasurfaces was extended from linear optics to the nonlinear optical regime for manipulating the generation of harmonic signals in an unprecedented level. The key to this recent development lies in the local control over the phase and/or the amplitude of nonlinear polarizability. This new development has led to an array of interesting optical phenomena and nonlinear optical devices that went beyond what had been achieved with traditional nonlinear optical elements. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in controlling the local phase of nonlinearity with plasmonic metasurfaces, with a focus on nonlinear geometric Berry phase and wavefront engineering, and various device applications with nonlinear metasurfaces.
Directional surface plasmon-coupled emission of tilted-tip enhanced spectroscopy
Authors: Meng Lingyan , Yang Zhilin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Understanding the spatial radiation pattern in tip-enhanced spectroscopy (TES) is crucial for plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy, chemical analysis and biochemical sensing. Although the TES technique has many excellent advantages, there is still room for improvement in terms of detection sensitivity. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate the tip-tilted TES configuration featuring high directivity by using side illumination-collection condition. Taking full advantage of the characteristic of high directional emission ascribed to the far-field interference between localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, the collection efficiency of TES signals can be largely improved, greatly boosting the detection sensitivity of TES technology. Our theoretical results not only provide a deep understanding of the underlying physical mechanism of the directional surface plasmon-coupled emission of TES, but also serves as a promising guide for the rational construction of a highly efficient TES platform at the single molecular level.
Crystal structure of 2-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(hydroxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)iminio)methyl)-5-methoxyphenolate, C16H16N2O3
Authors: Li Peng-Peng , Ma Jin-Xia , Li Qing-Lin , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C16H16N2O3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.7904(7) Å, b = 12.0808(11) Å, c = 14.3999(11) Å, α = 68.001(8)°, β = 81.114(6)°, γ = 83.933(7)°, Z = 4, V = 1398.9(2) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0658, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1827, T = 290.83(10) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of bis{((E)-((4-((E)-1-(methoxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)-2-naphtholato-κ2
N,O}nickel(II), C40H34N4NiO4
Authors: Ma Jin-Xia , Li Qing-Lin , Li Peng-Peng , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C40H34N4NiO4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 21.443(7) Å, b = 13.862(5) Å, c = 11.733(4) Å, β = 103.690(5)°, Z = 4, V = 3388(2) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0484, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1411, T = 296(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 2,2′-ethylenedioxybis(benzimide)-2,2′-bis[O-(1-propyloxyamide)]oxime-4,4′,6,6′-tetrachlorodiphenol, C36H34Cl4N4O8
Authors: Ren Zong-Li , Wei Zhi-Li , Wang Lan , Ma Jian-Chun , Dong Wen-Kui 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C36H34Cl4N4O8, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 33.048(10) Å, b = 6.4688(7) Å, c = 24.301(7) Å, β = 133.30(5)°, Z = 4, V = 3781(3) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0477, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1016, T = 293(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1,3-bis[(3,4-dicyano)phenoxy]-4,6-dinitro-benzene, C22H8N6O6
Authors: Aljuhani Ateyatallah , Said Musa A. , Hughes David L. , Cammidge Andrew N. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C22H8N6O6, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 15.3939(6) Å, b = 7.3053(3) Å, c = 16.8282(6) Å, β = 91.567(3)°, V = 1891.74(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0510, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0867, T = 140(2) K.
Validation of crill measurements in a high-yield pulp refining process for improved fines material control
Authors: Lundberg Mathias , Norgren Magnus , Edlund Håkan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn high-yield pulp (HYP) refining, fine material is created by peeling action on the fibre surface. This fine material is usually characterized using conventional camera technology and image analysis. The smallest particles, the crill, also created in the refining process are too small to be visible in a camera image, and are therefore measured using light sources in the UV and IR wavelength spectrum. This research sought to determine whether the crill could be characterized in the presence of large fines material in a HYP refining process, and the results indicated that the larger fines material had little impact. In addition, the variation in crill measurements declined as the fibre treatment increased and remained low and stable during an extended period. Due to the great need to monitor and control pulp processes using rapid online measurements, cost-reduction actions at mills running close to specification targets put high demands on the measuring devices characterizing the production. The outcome of this study enables the use of the crill method to improve our knowledge of fibre treatment and its contribution to fibre adhesion in complex refining processes. Finally, combining conventional camera technology and the crill method could improve the overall fines material control.