bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent ammonia emissions from fumed oak wood determined by micro-chamber/thermal extractor (μCTE) and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy
Authors: Hogger Elfriede , Bauer Klaus , Höllbacher Eva , Gierlinger Notburga , Konnerth Johannes , van Herwijnen Hendrikus W.G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ongoing preference for dark colours in parquet and furniture is a driving force for colour modification of bright wood species. The treatment of oak wood with gaseous ammonia (fuming) leads to dark colours, but residual ammonia in the wood may lead to bonding failures with resins, odour nuisance and thus customer complaints. The focus of the present paper is the determination and emission of remaining ammonia in fumed oak. A fast and convenient approach based on Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was developed to replace the currently applied time-consuming and complex determination procedures. The integrated area of the infrared (IR) region between 1575 and 1535 cm−1shows a relationship with the coefficient of determination (R2=0.76) to the residual ammonia content determined by the micro-chamber/thermal extractor (μCTE) method. The prediction accuracy was further improved by partial least square regression calculations. Promising models with high R2(0.85), low root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSE-CV=1.08%) with five principal components were established and already integrated successfully into the production as input control. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy proved to be a simple and fast predictive method to estimate residual ammonia in fumed oak.
Comparative study of the differential cell death protecting effect of various ROS scavengers
Authors: Kavčič Nežka , Pegan Katarina , Vandenabeele Peter , Turk Boris 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Oxidative stress has for a long time been associated with cell death, especially classical necrosis, however, its role in other cell death pathways is less clear. Here, we evaluated in a comparative way, the effect of four different reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), α-tocopherol and two superoxide dismutase mimetics, n(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride, and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (Tempol), in four different cell death models, including menadione-triggered necrosis, staurosporine-induced apoptosis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis and necroptosis. While menadione-triggered necrosis was completely prevented by the classical ROS scavenger NAC and to a substantial amount by the other scavengers, ROS targeting was found to have a marginal effect on the other cell death modalities investigated. Despite its side-effects at higher concentrations, Tempol was able to substantially prevent TNF-induced apoptosis and to a somewhat lesser extent TNF-induced necroptosis. However, this seems to be separated from its ROS-scavenging function.
Mining human cancer datasets for kallikrein expression in cancer: the ‘KLK-CANMAP’ Shiny web tool
Authors: Wang Chenwei , Moya Leire , Clements Judith A. , Nelson Colleen C. , Batra Jyotsna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The dysregulation of the serine-protease family kallikreins (KLKs), comprising 15 genes, has been reportedly associated with cancer. Their expression in several tissues and physiological fluids makes them potential candidates as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. There are several databases available to mine gene expression in cancer, which often include clinical and pathological data. However, these platforms present some limitations when comparing a specific set of genes and can generate considerable unwanted data. Here, several datasets that showed significant differential expression (p<0.01) in cancer vs. normal (n=118), metastasis vs. primary (n=15) and association with cancer survival (n=21) have been compiled in a user-friendly format from two open and/or publicly available databases Oncomine and OncoLnc for the 15 KLKs. The data have been included in a free web application tool: the KLK-CANMAP https://cancerbioinformatics.shinyapps.io/klk-canmap/. This tool integrates, analyses and visualises data and it was developed with the R Shiny framework. Using KLK-CANMAP box-plots, heatmaps and Kaplan-Meier graphs can be generated for the KLKs of interest. We believe this new cancer KLK focused web tool will benefit the KLK community by narrowing the data visualisation to only the genes of interest.
Nonlinear Computational Treatment for Couple Stress Fluid Flow with Cattaneo-Christov Double Diffusion and Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Ayub Tayyaba , Muhammad Taseer , Ahmad Bashir 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper addresses three-dimensional (3D) flow of couple stress material with Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. A linear bi-directional stretchable surface is used to generate the flow. Thermal and concentration diffusions are considered by introducing Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes. Equal diffusion coefficients are considered for both auto catalyst and reactants. Boundary layer approach is used to simplify the governing system of partial differential equations. Suitable relations are used to nondimensionalize the boundary layer expressions. The valid convergent series solution are established by means of optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). The role of various pertinent parameters on the solutions are investigated through graphs. Moreover skin friction coefficients and heat and mass transfer rates are computed and analyzed. It is observed that heat and mass transfer rates are higher for larger thermal and concentration relaxation parameters.
Förderung, aber welchen Inhalts? Didaktische Perspektiven auf Bildungssprache im DaF-Unterricht
Authors: Marx Nicole 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Im gegenwärtigen bildungspolitischen Diskurs wird die Förderung der Bildungssprache als ein prioritäres Ziel verstanden. Die didaktische Umsetzung leidet jedoch an der anhaltenden konzeptionellen Unklarheit des Konstrukts, das einerseits stark von seinen beabsichtigten Funktionen im Bildungssektor geprägt ist, für das andererseits ein zufriedenstellender empirischer Zugang noch aussteht. Hintergrund und Funktionen des Konstrukts in unterschiedlichen Diskursen werden zunächst zusammengefasst, um eine möglichst konsensfähige Operationalisierung im Kontext des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache zu erzielen. Auf dieser Basis wird die Didaktisierung von Bildungssprache exemplarisch aufgegriffen und Perspektiven für deren Konkretisierung und Lehre werden aufgezeigt. Anschließend wird das Potenzial des Faches DaF für die Weiterentwicklung des Konstrukts diskutiert.
Sprache und Studienerfolg von Bildungsausländerinnen und -ausländern: Eine Längsschnittstudie an den Universitäten Leipzig und Würzburg
Authors: Wisniewski Katrin 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Während die Zahl ausländischer Studierender in Deutschland stetig zunimmt, beklagt diese Gruppe gleichzeitig hohe Abbruchzahlen. Die Gründe dafür sind kaum erforscht; allerdings werden häufig mangelnde Sprachkenntnisse mit verantwortlich gemacht. Das Projekt „Sprache und Studienerfolg bei Bildungsausländer/-innen“ (SpraStu) untersucht Sprache als Einflussfaktor auf den Studienerfolg von ca. 500 Bildungsausländern multimethodisch im Längsschnitt. Zusätzlich werden Aspekte der Selbstregulierung und anderer potenzieller Bedingungsfaktoren analysiert.
Resistance exercise alone improves muscle strength in growth hormone deficient males in the transition phase
Authors: Amer Nadia Mohamad , Modesto Marilza J. , Dos Santos Cláudia Duarte , Erichsen Oscar , Mascarenhas Luis P.G. , Nesi-França Suzana , Marques-Pereira Rosana , De Lacerda Luiz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
During the transition phase (TP), patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) exhibit decreased muscle strength. Studies assessing the effects of resistance exercise alone on muscle strength in these individuals are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a program of resistance exercise (PRE) on parameters of muscle strength in subjects in the TP and with childhood-onset GHD treated with recombinant GH (rGH).

Methods
Sixteen male patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: GHD (n=9) and GH sufficiency (GHS, n=7). Patients with GHD underwent a 12-week PRE followed by another 12-week PRE plus rGH, while GHS patients underwent a 12-week PRE alone. Dynamic knee muscle strength was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer.

Results
Before PRE, there were significant differences between the groups regarding the results of flexor peak torque (FPT) normalized to body weight (BW-FPT) in the dominant (DO, p=0.008) and non-dominant (ND, p=0.01) limbs, and in the agonist/antagonist (A/A) ratio in the DO (p=0.02) and ND (p=0.006) limbs. After PRE in the GHD group, values of FPT and BW-FPT in both limbs increased significantly (p<0.001) and independently of rGH, while the A/A ratio value improved significantly (p<0.001) in the ND limb.

Conclusions
A short period of PRE alone was sufficient to improve parameters of muscle strength in young male adults with childhood-onset GHD.
The Search for Classified Information – The Real Fight in the Cold War
Authors: Bojor Laviniu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The effort to get classified information from inside the adverse camp was the main objective of both super powers involved in the Cold War. Both the USA and the USSR tried, by all means at their disposal, to be one step ahead of the opponent by knowing their capabilities and adverse plans. This paper approaches the manner in which intelligence-gathering specialized structures from both camps were involved in collecting data and intelligence to win the information battle during the Cold War
A2AD Concept in the Modern Security Environment
Authors: Cirdei Ionuț Alin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the 21st century, the international scene witnesses major changes in the security environment. There are many actions aimed at redefining spheres of influence and reaffirming states as great powers. The international scene is dominated by two entities that were antagonistic during the Cold War: Russia and NATO. In recent years, Russia is trying to impose itself again as a global actor and is therefore trying to consolidate its power in Europe and the world, both by reforming its armed forces and by participating in various conflicts in the hot zones of the world. Russia perceives NATO as its main adversary, which is trying to get closer to its vital space, reduce its spheres of influence and isolate it. As a reaction, Russia initiated a series of complex actions aimed at both maintaining buffer zones and banning access and limiting NATO's freedom of movement in the immediate vicinity of its borders. To this end, Russia has developed a series of capabilities to prevent the opponent from entering a certain area and to reduce or even forbid him any freedom of action once he has entered the area, this approach of Russia being part of the A2AD (Anti-access, Area Denial) policy
The Renewable Sources of Energy and the Romanian Energy Security
Authors: Cirdei Ionuț Alin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Energy security is a matter of particular importance to all the world's states, whether they are producers or consumers of energy resources. For a long time, fossil energy resources have been the only source of energy used on a planetary scale. When mankind realized that fossil energy resources are a finite source of energy and that their intensive use causes many environmental problems, the most important of which is related to global warming, they have tried to find alternative sources of energy. Thus, concerns have arisen about the use of renewable energy on a wider scale, with both individual concerns of states that have potential in this area and collective concerns, such as at EU level, which has proposed by 2020, the share of energy from renewable sources used by the Union states is at least 20% of total consumption. Renewable energy resources may be an alternative to fossil fuels, but at the same time it has a number of limitations and vulnerabilities. Ensuring energy security means a comprehensive approach, understanding of limitations and reducing vulnerabilities
The Counter Insurgency Operating Environment
Authors: Hrnčiar Michal 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The basis for the successful use of the relevant power tools that produce the effects needed to accomplish the end state is to understand the operating environment. Operating environment represents a composite of the conditions, circumstances and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. This is an environment directly affected by the crisis. Each operating environment has its own character, a number of specific features resulting from a particular crisis. The intent of the article is by the analysis of the operational variables (Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure, Physical, Time - PMESII-PT) to present the specifics of the operating environment that is affected by the insurgency
North Atlantic Early Warning (Naεw) Εvolution in Maјor Сonflicts
Authors: Iordache Mihai 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The security of the regional and global environment is an issue of major concern for the political and military deciding factors, especially in the current security environment marked by profound and surprising changes at geopolitical and geostrategical level. In the early 1970s, different studies of NATO indicated that a system of airborne early warning (AEW) would considerably increase the defense of the air space of the Alliance. The Committee of Planning Defense of NATO (СΡD) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on the acquisition and operational use of an Airborne Early Warning system. The Airbornе Warning & Сontrol Systеm (AWAСS) is a developed and well-organized system, which can be permanently improved and adapted to the present realities generated by the dynamics of regional and global security. The paper presents its evolution and benefits
Woman Integration in the Military Service. The Case of Bulgaria
Authors: Karadzhova-Manova Militsa Ivanova 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
According to most of the research papers there are good social psychological conditions, which influence the smooth integration of women into the military. Furthermore, the opinion of military men to women integration in it, is generally well accepted. Most of them except women as equal and treat them with respect. A considerable percentage of women in the army share that it is not necessary for them being privilege, compare to men. Additional studies suggest that higher ranking officials in the military, know well their subordinate’s issues and it is not their gender that defines their capabilities, but their experience and qualities
Key Performance Indicators for the Nato Centres of Excellence
Authors: Kis Alexandru , Theodoridis Evangelos 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The NATO Centres of Excellence (COEs), entities involved in various fields of transformation in support of the Alliance, are subject of different levels of accreditation performed by NATO. An important aspect of such recognition comes with the NATO institutional accreditation for Quality Assurance (QA) in the case of the COEs involved in education and training delivery (alongside other NATO, National and Partner Education and Training Centres). The NATO QA seal is the trustworthy mark that a COE fulfils the expected quality requirements (based on a solid Quality Management System) in the educational process, and provides deliverables „fit for purpose” as solutions for the NATO education and training requirements. While the individual strategies of the COEs are pretty much different in this endeavour, we would outline the commonality of the standards they rely on. This paper focuses on institutional performance measurement as reference in the Quality Management System, trying to identify benchmarks for Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) based on the current experience at the COEs level - extended to the wider NATO Transformation Network - and shared best practice. DISCLAIMER: This paper expresses the views, interpretations, and independent position of the authors. It should not be regarded as an official document, nor expressing formal opinions or policies, of NATO or the HUMINT Centre of Excellence (HCOE)
Cyprus, an Unresolved Issue of the European Union
Authors: Metea Ileana-Gentilia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The Republic of Cyprus is an island from the extreme north of the Mediterranean Sea, is situated at the intersection of Europe, Asia and Africa, 75 km south of Turkey, 105 km west of Syria, 300 km north of Egypt and 800 km east of Greece. As a state form, it is a presidential republic, and is part of the European Union (since May 2004) the Euro Zone (2008), the World Trade Organization - WTO (1995), the International Monetary Fund (1962) 1962), the Council of Europe (1961), the Commonwealth (1961). Cyprus has an unresolved internal situation for a long time
Physiognomy of Military Operations Answer to Hybrid Threats
Authors: Neag Mihai Marcel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The widening of the spectrum, the diversity of forms of manifestation of hybrid threats, the influence of economic, political, diplomatic, informational and psychological aspects, now occupy, more than ever, a very important place in the architecture of military operations, but also the fact that the evolution of technology in the field of communications, informatics and cyber defense led to an exponential increase in the power of information. The timely and pertinent threat analysis of the hybrid warfare allows military decision-makers to identify, through an elaborate and pragmatic approach, the best solutions for preparing the armed forces for military response operations
One Belt, One Road Initiative and Its Geostrategic Significance for Eastern Europe
Authors: Pantea Ana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChina’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), as it was formally announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013, it is an engine for foreign policy, but it represents as well the driver force of China’s economic growth - and as such, it plays an important role in the domestic policy. China's foreign policy aims to support domestic growth and employment, must be aligned with the narratives of ‘rejuvenation’ and the ‘China Dream’. As such, the present paper discusses the origins and development of BRI; it analyses the mechanism in which BRI promotes China’s domestic agenda; as well as it regards at the geostrategic aims and difficulties of such an ambitions global project
France’s Military Importance for the European Union
Authors: Pricopi Marius , Motriuc Alexandru Ioan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A founding member of the European Union, France is nowadays still considered, alongside Germany, as one of the two „engines” of European integration. And this applies not only for the economic or social sphere, as France has also played a preeminent role in the historical process of European defence integration. Acknowledging the French contributions to the European defence project, in this paper we subject to analysis the military importance of France for the Union. Using the analysis of social documents and the case study method, we argue that this country’s high level of military integration in the European Union is not at all fortuitous, as is not due to impermanent favourable evolutions
Comprehensive Approach in the Full Spectrum of Conflict
Authors: Ratiu Aurelian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present paper identifies relevant issues and challenges connected to the comprehensive approach/holistic approach in the full spectrum of conflict. The Comprehensive Approach (CA) concept implemented by NATO, EU, UN and even state actors is to satisfy the need for proactive engagement, to foster cooperation, coordination and contribution of all actors, before and during a confrontation or crisis. Conflictuality management requires good governance, economic development, rule of law and local ownership, all this in addition to military security
Romania’s Role in the Management of Security Organizations
Authors: Rapan Florian , Gologach Ioana Raluca 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The disappearance of bipolarity causes essential mutations in the international security environment, which highlights the need to rethink the defence concept. The analysis of new risks and threats to international security has led to a new perception of it and has imposed a new orientation in the field of defence. The formation of new partnerships and alliances greatly reduces the likelihood of a conflict between members, which contributes to supporting the common interest of countries to maintain and strengthen international peace and security. All countries of the world are, in principle, members of at least one regional or intergovernmental organization. Although traditionally regional organizations have been set up on the basis of political, economical or environmental objectives, they have also entered security in recent decades and have started to develop their own capabilities to prevent conflicts and support peacekeeping operations or post-conflict construction of states
Termination of Collective Defense Treties – Procedures, Consequences and Modern State Practice
Authors: Serafimov Victor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
State practice has showed that geopolitical interests of nations are usually engaged either through diplomatic or military means. The mutual desire to avoid armed conflicts led to concluding multiple multilateral and bilateral international security and defence treaties. This process formed the basis of two major concepts -the Collective security and the collective defense. Both of them require a solid international legal basis, namely - a treaty that settles all forms of interpretations, disputes and actions. Since these treaties define international relations for a certain period, their eventual termination would have a major impact on the relations between different nations as seen numerously in the past decades. The contemporary world has completely different challenges to ensure collective security in the framework of international organizations. Currently major military actors are guarding the national sovereignty and aerospace borders of smaller states, thus making air policing a real diplomatic issue that should face an international legal framework. The institutional interaction between NATO and the EU as international organizations could lead to complete integration in terms of defense of the EU Member states in the near future. These issues could and should be met with the means of the main sources of the Law of treaties
Nato-Eu Cooperation
Authors: Simion Eduard 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The current security situation is marked an increasing competition for power at global scale, the use of power politics, and the growth of the influence of the non-state actors in a changed resource and demographic landscape. NATO and EU seem to be out of sync with the developments in the world, situation which puts their very existence into questioning. However, a closer look shows that both organisations have displayed a very high degree of versatility, re-inventing themselves to adapt to the changing environment, and surviving all the evolution so far, while other peer organisations have become history. Therefore, the main question is whether NATO and EU will overcome the existing and future challenges and continue the current positive trend in their cooperation? When considering the common history, the trend and the most recent evolutions, one can only draw a positive answer. The most significant areas of recent cooperation which indicate a definite positive trend are the adaptation of the NATO Command Structure, the development of military capabilities, and the definition of the cyberspace as an operational domain