bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered neural activity to monetary reward/loss processing in episodic migraine
Authors: Kocsel Natália , Galambos Attila , Szabó Edina , Édes Andrea Edit , Magyar Máté , Zsombók Terézia , Pap Dorottya , Kozák Lajos Rudolf , Bagdy György , Kökönyei Gyöngyi , Juhász Gabriella 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe dysfunctions of the mesolimbic cortical reward circuit have been proposed to contribute to migraine pain. Although supporting empirical evidence was mainly found in connection with primary rewards or in chronic migraine where the pain experience is (almost) constant. Our goal however was to investigate the neural correlates of secondary reward/loss anticipation and consumption using the monetary incentive delay task in 29 episodic migraine patients and 41 headache-free controls. Migraine patients showed decreased activation in one cluster covering the right inferior frontal gyrus during reward consumption compared to controls. We also found significant negative correlation between the time of the last migraine attack before the scan and activation of the parahippocampal gyrus and the right hippocampus yielded to loss anticipation. During reward/loss consumption, a relative increase in the activity of the visual areas was observed the more time passed between the last attack and the scan session. Our results suggest intact reward/loss anticipation but altered reward consumption in migraine, indicating a decreased reactivity to monetary rewards. The findings also raise the possibility that neural responses to loss anticipation and reward/loss consumption could be altered by the proximity of the last migraine attack not just during pre-ictal periods, but interictally as well.
The Role of AMPARs in the Maturation and Integration of Caudal Ganglionic Eminence-Derived Interneurons into Developing Hippocampal Microcircuits
Authors: Akgül G. , Abebe D. , Yuan X. Q. , Auville K. , McBain C. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the hippocampal CA1, caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE)-derived interneurons are recruited by activation of glutamatergic synapses comprising GluA2-containing calcium-impermeable AMPARs and exert inhibitory regulation of the local microcircuit. However, the role played by AMPARs in maturation of the developing circuit is unknown. We demonstrate that elimination of the GluA2 subunit (GluA2 KO) of AMPARs in CGE-derived interneurons, reduces spontaneous EPSC frequency coupled to a reduction in dendritic glutamatergic synapse density. Removal of GluA1&2&3 subunits (GluA1-3 KO) in CGE-derived interneurons, almost completely eliminated sEPSCs without further reducing synapse density, but increased dendritic branching. Moreover, in GluA1-3 KOs, the number of interneurons invading the hippocampus increased in the early postnatal period but converged with WT numbers later due to increased apoptosis. However, the CCK-containing subgroup increased in number, whereas the VIP-containing subgroup decreased. Both feedforward and feedback inhibitory input onto pyramidal neurons was decreased in GluA1-3 KO. These combined anatomical, synaptic and circuit alterations, were accompanied with a wide range of behavioural abnormalities in GluA1-3 KO mice compared to GluA2 KO and WT. Thus, AMPAR subunits differentially contribute to numerous aspects of the development and maturation of CGE-derived interneurons and hippocampal circuitry that are essential for normal behaviour.
Synthesis and characterization of polylactide/rice husk hydrochar composite
Authors: Nizamuddin Sabzoi , Jadhav Ankit , Qureshi Sundus Saeed , Baloch Humair Ahmed , Siddiqui M. T. H. , Mubarak N. M. , Griffin Gregory , Madapusi Srinivasan , Tanksale Akshat , Ahamed Mohd Imran 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolymer composites are fabricated by incorporating fillers into a polymer matrix. The intent for addition of fillers is to improve the physical, mechanical, chemical and rheological properties of the composite. This study reports on a unique polymer composite using hydrochar, synthesised by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of rice husk, as filler in polylactide matrix. The polylactide/hydrochar composites were fabricated by incorporating hydrochar in polylactide at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20 wt% by melt processing in a Haake rheomix at 170 °C. Both the neat polylactide and polylactide/hydrochar composite were characterized for mechanical, structural, thermal and rheological properties. The tensile modulus of polylactide/hydrochar composites was improved from 2.63 GPa (neat polylactide) to 3.16 GPa, 3.33 GPa, 3.54 GPa, and 4.24 GPa after blending with hydrochar at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. Further, the incorporation of hydrochar had little effect on storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″). The findings of this study reported that addition of hydrochar improves some characteristics of polylactide composites suggesting the potential of hydrochar as filler for polymer/hydrochar composites.
3D-QSAR, Docking, ADME/Tox studies on Flavone analogs reveal anticancer activity through Tankyrase inhibition
Authors: Alam Sarfaraz , Khan Feroz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFlavones are known as an inhibitor of tankyrase, a potential drug target of cancer. We here expedited the use of different computational approaches and presented a fast, easy, cost-effective and high throughput screening method to identify flavones analogs as potential tankyrase inhibitors. For this, we developed a field point based (3D-QSAR) quantitative structure-activity relationship model. The developed model showed acceptable predictive and descriptive capability as represented by standard statistical parameters r2 (0.89) and q2 (0.67). This model may help to explain SAR data and illustrated the key descriptors which were firmly related with the anticancer activity. Using the QSAR model a dataset of 8000 flavonoids were evaluated to classify the bioactivity, which resulted in the identification of 1480 compounds with the IC50 value of less than 5 µM. Further, these compounds were scrutinized through molecular docking and ADMET risk assessment. Total of 25 compounds identified which further analyzed for drug-likeness, oral bioavailability, synthetic accessibility, lead-likeness, and alerts for PAINS & Brenk. Besides, metabolites of screened compounds were also analyzed for pharmacokinetics compliance. Finally, compounds F2, F3, F8, F11, F13, F20, F21 and F25 with predicted activity (IC50) of 1.59, 1, 0.62, 0.79, 3.98, 0.79, 0.63 and 0.64, respectively were find as top hit leads. This study is offering the first example of a computationally-driven tool for prioritization and discovery of novel flavone scaffold for tankyrase receptor affinity with high therapeutic windows.
Formation of three-dimensional tubular endothelial cell networks under defined serum-free cell culture conditions in human collagen hydrogels
Authors: Andrée Birgit , Ichanti Houda , Kalies Stefan , Heisterkamp Alexander , Strauß Sarah , Vogt Peter-Maria , Haverich Axel , Hilfiker Andres 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImplementation of tubular endothelial cell networks is a prerequisite for 3D tissue engineering of constructs with clinically relevant size as nourishment of cells is challenged by the diffusion limit. In vitro generation of 3D networks is often achieved under conditions using serum containing cell culture medium and/or animal derived matrices. Here, 3D endothelial cell networks were generated by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in combination with human adipose tissue derived stromal cells (hASCs) employing human collagen I as hydrogel and decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa as starter matrix. Matrigel/rat tail collagen I hydrogel was used as control. Resulting constructs were cultivated either in serum-free medium or in endothelial growth medium-2 serving as control. Endothelial cell networks were quantified, tested for lumen formation, and interaction of HUVECs and hASCs. Tube diameter was slightly larger in constructs containing human collagen I compared to Matrigel/rat tail collagen I constructs under serum-free conditions. All other network parameters were mostly similar. Thereby, the feasibility of generating 3D endothelial cell networks under serum-free culture conditions in human collagen I as hydrogel was demonstrated. In summary, the presented achievements pave the way for the generation of clinical applicable constructs.
Temporal trends in normal weight central obesity and its associations with cardiometabolic risk among Chinese adults
Authors: Song Peige , Li Xue , Bu Yongjun , Ding Shibin , Zhai Desheng , Wang Erhui , Yu Zengli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNormal weight central obesity (NWCO), a distinct phenotype of obesity that is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic dysregulation, has received growing attention in the scientific literature. In this study, we aimed to report the prevalence of NWCO in the general Chinese adults and its secular trend from 1993 to 2011. The comorbid cardiometabolic risk of NWCO was also explored. Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1993–2011 were obtained. NWCO was defined as the combination of a BMI of 18.5–23.9 kg/m2 and 1) a waist circumference (WC) of >85 cm in males or >80 cm in females (NWCO by WC); 2) a waist to height ratio (WHtR) of ≥0.5 (NWCO by WHtR); 3) a waist to hip ratio (WHR) of ≥0.9 in males or ≥0.85 in females (NWCO by WHR). We assessed the trend of NWCO prevalence with the generalized estimating equation method. The demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, behavioural and cardiometabolic predictors of NWCO were explored with multivariable logistic regression. From 1993 to 2011, the age-standardized prevalence of NWCO by WC increased from 6.65% (95% CI: 6.09–7.26) to 13.24% (95% CI: 12.58–13.93), and that of NWCO by WHtR and NWCO by WHR rose from 13.18% (95% CI: 12.41–13.98) to 17.06% (95% CI: 16.35–17.79) and from 16.14% (95% CI: 15.3–17.01) to 19.04% (95% CI: 18.25–19.85) respectively. The associated cardiometabolic factors of NWCO (by WC, WHtR and WHR) were hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity, low high-density lipoprotein and elevated triglyceride. Moreover, NWCO by WC and NWCO by WHtR were associated with a decreased risk of impaired insulin secretion, and NWCO by WC was additionally linked to elevated total cholesterol. The prevalence of NWCO in the general Chinese adults increased significantly from 1993 to 2011. Effective strategies are needed to combat this epidemic and reduce its deleterious health outcomes.
Strong magnetoelectric coupling in mixed ferrimagnetic-multiferroic phases of a double perovskite
Authors: Kim M. K. , Moon J. Y. , Oh S. H. , Oh D. G. , Choi Y. J. , Lee N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExploring new magnetic materials is essential for finding advantageous functional properties such as magnetoresistance, magnetocaloric effect, spintronic functionality, and multiferroicity. Versatile classes of double perovskite compounds have been recently investigated because of intriguing physical properties arising from the proper combination of several magnetic ions. In this study, it is observed that the dominant ferrimagnetic phase is coexisted with a minor multiferroic phase in single-crystalline double-perovskite Er2CoMnO6. The majority portion of the ferrimagnetic order is activated by the long-range order of Er3+ moments below TEr = 10 K in addition to the ferromagnetic order of Co2+ and Mn4+ moments arising at TC = 67 K, characterized by compensated magnetization at TComp = 3.15 K. The inverted magnetic hysteresis loop observed below TComp can be described by an extended Stoner–Wohlfarth model. The additional multiferroic phase is identified by the ferroelectric polarization of ~0.9 μC/m2 at 2 K. The coexisting ferrimagnetic and multiferroic phases appear to be strongly correlated in that metamagnetic and ferroelectric transitions occur simultaneously. The results based on intricate magnetic correlations and phases in Er2CoMnO6 enrich fundamental and applied research on magnetic materials through the scope of distinct magnetic characteristics in double perovskites.
Metabolic disturbances in synovial fluid are involved in the onset of synovitis in heifers with acute ruminal acidosis
Authors: Alarcon Pablo , Hidalgo Alejandra I. , Manosalva Carolina , Cristi Raul , Teuber Stefanie , Hidalgo Maria A. , Burgos Rafael A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAcute ruminal acidosis (ARA) is the result of increased intake of highly fermentable carbohydrates, which frequently occurs in dairy cattle and is associated with aseptic polysynovitis. To characterise the metabolic changes in the joints of animals with ARA, we performed an untargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis of synovial fluid. Seven heifers were challenged with an intraruminal oligofructose overload (13 g/kg of body weight [BW]) dissolved in water. Synovial fluid samples were collected at 0, 9 and 24 h post-overload. Metabolome analysis revealed the presence of 67 metabolites. At 9 h post-overload, glyceric acid, cellobiose, fructose and lactic acid were all increased, whereas at 24 h, sorbitol, lactic acid and fructose levels were all increased >10-fold. At 24 h, citric acid and threonine levels were significantly reduced. We detected increased L- and D-lactate, and the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in synovial fluid. Furthermore, using bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes, we observed that D-lactate induces IL-6 synthesis. Our results suggest that ARA produces severe metabolomic changes in synovial fluid, including disturbances in starch and sucrose metabolism, and increased lactate levels. These changes were observed prior to the appearance of synovitis, suggesting a potential role in the onset of polysynovitis.
Générer des impulsions laser ultra-brèves de très haute intensité : la technique du CPA
Authors: Druon Frédéric , Sentis Marc , Salin François , Le Blanc Catherine , Salières Pascal , Quéré Fabien , Zeitoun Philippe 
Published: April 2019

Il y a un avant et un après l’article publié en 1985 par Donna Strickland et Gérard Mourou [1] faisant la démonstration de l’amplification par dérive de fréquence (CPA pour Chirped pulse amplification).
Le présent dossier de Reflets de la physique a pour but de donner une vue d’ensemble de cette technologie et de ses différentes implications. Le principe de l’amplification par dérive de fréquence est d’abord présenté, avec son développement dans le monde des lasers. Ensuite, sont décrites les applications industrielles relatives au micro-usinage et à l’ophtalmologie, qui concernent les intensités moyennes (1013 - 1014 W cm-2). Les applications à la recherche couvrent les intensités plus fortes (1014 - 1018 W cm-2), qui permettent la génération d’impulsions ultra-courtes et de sources nouvelles de photons et de particules, jusqu’à la ultra-haute intensité (1018 - 1022 W cm-2 et au-delà...) et les lasers multipétawatts.
Collisions moléculaires en phase gazeuse
Authors: Guillon Grégoire , Honvault Pascal , Lepers Maxence , Lique François , Stoecklin Thierry 
Published: April 2019

L’étude théorique des collisions entre atomes et molécules permet, grâce à la résolution d’état à état des simulations numériques basées sur la physique quantique, une description détaillée des mécanismes mis en jeu et contribue grandement à améliorer les modèles atmosphériques et astrophysiques.
Dans cet article, après avoir présenté les méthodes de dynamique actuelles, nous donnons des exemples clés d’intérêt pour le milieu interstellaire, l’atmosphère terrestre et les milieux (ultra)froids, et présentons les défis majeurs à relever.
Predictive Ability of a Laboratory Performance Test in Mountain Bike Cross-country Olympic Athletes
Authors: Schneeweiss Patrick , Schellhorn Philipp , Haigis Daniel , Niess Andreas , Martus Peter , Krauss Inga 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMountain bike Cross-Country Olympic (XCO) has an intermittent performance profile, underlining the importance of anaerobic metabolism. Traditional performance tests in cycling primarily quantify aerobic metabolism and inadequately meet the demands in XCO. The aim was therefore to validate a specific test that quantifies these requirements by means of an XCO race.Twenty-three competitive XCO athletes (17.9±3.6 years) performed a previously developed performance test and an XCO race within one week. Correlations between individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), 4 mmol lactate threshold (LT4), maximal aerobic power (MAP), maximal effort time trials (TT) for 10–300 s and mean power output of the race (POR) were calculated. In addition, a multiple regression model of the predictive value of the test was calculated.Variables correlated significantly (p<.01) with POR: IAT (r=.81), LT4 (r=0.79), MAP (r=0.91), TT10 (r=0.75), TT30 (r=0.85), TT60 (r=0.84) and TT300 (r=0.86). In the regression model, sex and body mass were set influencing variables (R²adj.=0.70), whereby MAP had the highest correlation with POR and significantly improved the predictive value of the model (R²adj.=0.86).The high correlation of collected performance variables with POR indicated the MTB-PT’s additional benefit for performance testing in XCO because it is specific but very feasible.
Perspektive nach der COMPASS-Studie für KHK- und AVK-Patienten
Authors: Alsaid Samer , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel 
Published: April 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas primäre Ziel in der Behandlung von Patienten mit arteriosklerotischen Erkrankungen ist die Verhinderung atherothrombotischer Ereignisse. Bislang standen die Plättchenhemmer Aspirin und Clopidogrel in der Primär- und Sekundärprophylaxe stabiler Patienten zur Verfügung. Doch auch mit Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern erleiden manche Patienten mit Arterienerkrankungen kardiovaskuläre ischämische Ereignisse, die auf eine übermäßige Thrombinbildung zurückzuführen sind. Deshalb wurden Nicht-Vitamin-K-Antagonist orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAKs), insbesondere die Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren, entweder allein oder in Kombination mit einer Antiplättchen-Therapie bei der Behandlung von arteriellen Erkrankungen getestet. Die COMPASS-Studie untersuchte die niedrig dosierte Antikoagulation bei stabiler KHK oder AVK. Die Zugabe von 2 × 2,5 mg Rivaroxaban zur Dauertherapie mit Aspirin verhinderte nicht nur kardiovaskulären Tod, Myokardinfarkt und Schlaganfall, sondern reduzierte sogar die Gesamtmortalität um 18 % nach einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 23 Monaten. Dieser Vorteil ging allerdings auf Kosten von mehr gastrointestinalen Blutungen. Interessanterweise gab es jedoch keine Zunahme von tödlichen oder intrakraniellen Blutungen. Daher könnte in naher Zukunft eine neue Standardtherapie für Hochrisikopatienten mit atherosklerotischer Erkrankung verfügbar werden.
Moderne Therapiestrategien bei Stuhlinkontinenz
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Bittorf Birgit , Matzel Klaus 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Krankheitsbild der Stuhlinkontinenz ist häufig mit einem signifikanten Leidensdruck für die Betroffenen und einer Verschlechterung von deren Lebensqualität vergesellschaftet, weist eine unterschätzte Prävalenz auf und wird aufgrund des demografischen Wandels in Deutschland in Zukunft noch an Bedeutung gewinnen. Hinsichtlich der Therapie einer Stuhlinkontinenz haben sich in den letzten Jahren neue Techniken entwickelt, und die Evidenz zu bestehenden Methoden hat zugenommen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aktuelle Entwicklungen und neuere Behandlungskonzepte bei Stuhlinkontinenz zu beleuchten.
Methoden und Ergebnisse Eine aktuelle Literaturanalyse bez. der Therapie von Stuhlinkontinenz wurde durchgeführt. Im Rahmen der konservativen Inkontinenztherapie haben sich Kombinationstherapien als besonders wirksam erwiesen. Unter den chirurgischen Maßnahmen haben Studien zum Langzeitverlauf in den letzten Jahren die Evidenz der sakralen Nervenstimulation und deren Stand als Erstlinientherapie bekräftigt. Die Sphinkteroplastik bleibt eine bewährte Therapieoption bei Inkontinenz infolge von Lücken des Analsphinkters. Die therapeutische Langzeiteffektivität ist gering. „Bulking agents“ stellen eine Alternative vor allem bei passiver Stuhlinkontinenz dar, obgleich die Evidenz aufgrund unterschiedlicher verwendeter Substanzen und Techniken und fehlender Langzeitergebnisse eingeschränkt ist. Zur Behandlung einer Stuhlinkontinenz im Rahmen einer maskierten Stuhlentleerungsstörung hat sich die ventrale Netzrektopexie etabliert.
Schlussfolgerungen Das Spektrum der Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung der Stuhlinkontinenz entwickelt sich kontinuierlich. Es besteht Konsens hinsichtlich des Einsatzes konservativer Maßnahmen als Initialtherapie. Es sind aktuell nur relativ wenig bewährte chirurgische Methoden verfügbar. Die Entwicklung und Evaluation neuer Behandlungsansätze wie auch die weitere Verbesserung der Evidenz der Effektivität bestehender Therapieoptionen ist anzustreben.
LAA-Okkluder und PFO-Verschluss
Authors: Schnupp Steffen , Salem Ashraf , Ajmi Issameddine , Gayed Mohamed , Mahnkopf Christian , Brachmann Johannes 
Published: April 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKardiale Embolien sind nach wie vor eine weltweit führende Ätiologie ischämischer Schlaganfälle. Obwohl sich die Pathologien, die zu den Embolien führen, in den letzten 10 Jahren nicht geändert haben, wurden bedeutende Fortschritte bei den Behandlungs- und Schlaganfallverhütungsmethoden für diese Krankheitsbilder erzielt. Vorhofflimmern (VHF) gilt mit einem Anteil von 20–30 % als die häufigste Ursache kardioembolischer Schlaganfälle. Goldstand zur Schlaganfallprophylaxe bei VHF bleibt nach wie vor die orale Antikoagulation (OAK). Hier hat sich in den letzten Jahren bei geeigneten Patienten eine Überlegenheit der nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängigen oralen Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) gegenüber den Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) gezeigt. Fortschritte beim Verschluss des linken Herzohrs als Schlaganfallprävention bei VHF-Patienten mit Kontraindikationen für eine OAK haben das Feld revolutioniert und eine Möglichkeit für Patienten mit höherem Blutungsrisiko geschaffen. Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass diese Maßnahme, verglichen mit den VKA, einen ähnlichen Schutz vor Schlaganfall bietet – bei weniger Blutungskomplikationen im Langzeitverlauf. Darüber hinaus konnte die initial relativ hohe periprozedurale Komplikationsrate in den letzten Jahren deutlich gesenkt werden. Ein direkter Vergleich zwischen NOAK und dem interventionellen Vorhofohrverschluss steht noch aus. Daher wird von den Leitlinien empfohlen, den Verschluss des linken Vorhofohrs nur bei Patienten mit eindeutiger Kontraindikation gegen eine OAK in Erwägung zu ziehen (Empfehlungsgrad IIb, Evidenzgrad B).Die Rolle des Foramen-ovale-Verschlusses für die Sekundärprävention bei ausgewählten Patienten mit kryptogenem ischämischem Schlaganfall in einem relativ jungen Alter ist dank der jüngsten Veröffentlichung der Langzeitergebnisse aus 3 großen Studien klarer geworden. Daher wird von den neuen Leitlinien empfohlen, dass bei Patienten zwischen 16 und 60 Jahren mit einem (nach neurologischer und kardiologischer Abklärung) kryptogenen ischämischen Schlaganfall und offenem Foramen ovale mit moderatem oder ausgeprägten Rechts-links-Shunt ein interventioneller PFO-Verschluss durchgeführt werden soll (Empfehlungsgrad I Evidenzgrad A).