bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory activity of Jefea gnaphalioides (a. gray), Astereaceae
Authors: Villagómez-Rodríguez Axel , Pérez-Ramos Julia , Esquivel-Campos Ana Laura , Pérez-González Cuauhtémoc , Soto-Peredo Claudia Angélica , Pérez-Gutiérrez Salud 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundInflammation is a symptom associated with many diseases. This symptom is treated with steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which can cause severe side effects when used as long-term treatments. Natural products are an alternative source of new compounds with anti-inflammatory activity.Jefea gnaphalioides(Astereaceae) (A. Gray) is a plant species used to treat inflammatory problems, in Mexico. This study determined the anti-inflammatory activity and the composition of the methanol extract ofJefea gnaphalioides(MEJG).MethodsThe extract was obtained by heating the plant in methanol at boiling point for 4 h, and then the solvent was evaporated under vacuum (MEJG). The derivatization of the extract was performed using Bis-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, and the composition was determined by GC-MS.Total Phenols and flavonoids were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu AlCl3reaction respectively.The antioxidant activity of MEJG was determined by DPPH method.The acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated on a mouse ear edema induced with 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).Acute oral toxicity was tested in mice at doses of MEJG of 5000, 2500 and 1250 mg/kg.The levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determinate in J774A.1 macrophages stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide. The production of inflammatory interleukins was measured using commercial kits, and nitric oxide was measured by the Griess reaction.ResultsThe anti-inflammatory activity of MEJG in acute TPA-induced ear edema was 80.7 ± 2.8%. This result was similar to the value obtained with indomethacin (IND) at the same dose (74.3 ± 2.8%). In chronic TPA-induced edema at doses of 200 mg/kg, the inhibition was 45.7%, which was similar to that obtained with IND (47.4%). MEJG have not toxic effects even at a dose of 5000 mg/kg. MEJG at 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL decreased NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in macrophages stimulated with LPS.The major compounds in MEJG were α-D-Glucopyranose (6.71%), Palmitic acid (5.59%), D-(+)-Trehalose (11.91%), Quininic acid (4.29%) and Aucubin (1.17%). Total phenolic content was 57.01 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content was 35.26 mg QE/g MEJG had antioxidant activity.ConclusionsMEJG has anti-inflammatory activity.
TUFT1 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer through the TUFT1/Rab5/Rac1 pathway
Authors: Liu Weiguang , Han Jianjun , Shi Sufang , Dai Yuna , He Jianchao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer (BC) subtype that is characterized by its strong invasion and a high risk of metastasis. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these phenotypes are unclear. TUFT1 plays an important role in BC and impacts the proliferation and survival of BC cells. Recent studies have shown that TUFT1 mediates intracellular lysosome localization and vesicle transport by regulating Rab GTPase, but the relevance of this activity in TNBC is unknown. Therefore, our aim was to systematically study the role of TUFT1 in the metastasis and chemoresistance of TNBC.MethodsWe measured TUFT1, Rab5-GTP, and Rac1-GTP expression levels in samples of human TNBC by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and conducted univariate and multivariate analyses. shRNA-mediated knockdown and overexpression, combined with transwell assays, co-immunoprecipitation, a nude mouse xenograft tumor model, and GTP activity assays were used for further mechanistic studies.ResultsTUFT1 expression was positively correlated with Rab5-GTP and Rac1-GTP in the TNBC samples, and co-expression of TUFT1 and Rab5-GTP predicted poor prognosis in TNBC patients who were treated with chemotherapy. Mechanism studies showed that TUFT1 could activate Rab5 by binding to p85α, leading to activation of Rac1 through recruitment of Tiam1, and concurrent down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway and proapoptotic factors, ultimately promoting metastasis and chemoresistance in TNBC cells.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the TUFT1/Rab5/Rac1 pathway may be a potential target for the effective treatment of TNBC.
Getting ready for integrated vector management for improved disease prevention in Zimbabwe: a focus on key policy issues to consider
Authors: Sande Shadreck , Zimba Moses , Nyasvisvo David , Mukuzunga Munyaradzi , Kooma Emmanuel H. , Mberikunashe Joseph , Dube Busisani 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
This paper outlines Zimbabwe’s potential readiness in harnessing integrated vector management (IVM) strategy for enhanced control of vector-borne diseases. The objective is to provide guidance for the country in the implementation of the national IVM strategy in order to make improvements required in thematic areas of need. The paper also assesses the existing opportunities and gaps to promote and adopt the approach as a national policy.

Main text
Despite recent gains in combating vector-borne diseases, especially malaria, management of vector control programmes still remains insecticide-based and vertical in nature. Therefore, concerns have been raised on whether the current long-standing conventional vector control strategy still remains with sufficient action to continue to break the transmission cycle to the levels of elimination. This is so, given the continuous dwindling resources for vector control, changes in vector behaviour, the emergence of resistance to medicines and insecticides, climate change, environmental degradation, as well as diversity in ecology, breeding habitats, and community habits. Cognizant of all that, elements of a surveillance-driven IVM approach are rapidly needed to move vector control interventions a step further. These include advocacy, policy formulation, capacity building, public and private partnerships, community engagement, and increasingly basing decisions on local evidence. Understanding the existing opportunities and gaps, and the recognition that some elements of IVM are already imbedded in the current health programmes is important to encourage stakeholders to promptly support its implementation. Leveraging on the existing opportunities, combined with sufficient advocacy, IVM could easily be accepted by the Zimbabwe government as part of a wider integrated disease management strategy. The strategy could represent an excellent breakthrough to establish much needed intra and inter-sectoral dialogue, and coordination for improved vector-borne disease prevention.

Conclusions
After synthesis of the opportunities and challenges clearly presented, it was concluded that it is imperative for Zimbabwe to adopt and implement IVM strategy that is informed by work already done, while addressing the bottlenecks. The significance of refocusing for improved disease prevention that has the potential to accomplish elimination of not only malaria but all vector borne diseases much earlier than anticipated under the existing vector control system is underscored.
Vitamin D deficiency associated with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis of 55 observational studies
Authors: Li Xi-Xi , Liu Yang , Luo Jie , Huang Zhen-Dong , Zhang Chao , Fu Yan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association of serum levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D3in healthy and non-healthy controls with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsThree electronic databases: PubMed, EMbase and EBSCOhostCINAHL, were searched for observational studies to measure the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D (VitD) and CD (or UC).ResultsFifty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. We found that mean serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with CD were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (MD: − 3.17 ng/mL; 95% CI − 4.42 to − 1.93). Results from the meta-analysis examining 1,25(OH)2D3levels in Crohn’s patients revealed higher levels in the CD group than in healthy (MD: 3.47 pg/mL; 95% CI − 7.72 to 14.66) and UC group (MD: 5.05 pg/mL; 95% CI − 2.42 to 12.52). Serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in the UC group than in the healthy control group (MD: − 2.52 ng/mL; 95% CI − 4.02 to − 1.02). In studies investigating the level of 1,25(OH)2D3in UC and healthy control groups, the level of 1,25(OH)2D3in the UC groups were found to be higher than that in the control groups (MD: 3.76 pg/mL; 95% CI − 8.36 to 15.57). However, the 1,25(OH)2D3level in patients with UC was lower than that in CD groups (MD: − 6.71 pg/mL; 95% CI − 15.30 to 1.88). No significant difference was noted between CD patients and UC patients in terms of average serum 25(OH)D levels.ConclusionsThis study found that VitD levels were inversely related to CD and UC. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were lower in patients with CD and UC than in healthy people, and more than half of the patients had insufficient vitamin D levels. The serum level of 1,25(OH)2D3in both the CD and UC groups was higher than that in healthy people.
HOXD9 promotes the growth, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by transcriptional activation of RUFY3
Authors: Zhu Huiqiong , Dai Weiyu , Li Jiaying , Xiang Li , Wu Xiaosheng , Tang Weimei , Chen Yaying , Yang Qiong , Liu Mengwei , Xiao Yizhi , Zhang Wenjing , Lin Jianjiao , Wang Jing , Liu Guangnan , Sun Yong , Jiang Ping , Li Guoxin , Li Aimin , Liu Side , Chen Ye , Wang Jide 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe transcription factor HOXD9 is one of the members of the HOX family, which plays an important role in neoplastic processes. However, the role of HOXD9 in the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated.MethodsIn vitro functional role of HOXD9 and RURY3 in GC cells was determined using the TMA-based immunohistochemistry, western blot, EdU incorporation, gelatin zymography, luciferase, chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and cell invasion assays. In vivo tumor growth and metastasis were conducted in nude mice.ResultsHOXD9 is overexpressed in GC cells and tissues.The high expression of HOXD9 was correlated with poor survival in GC patients. Functionally, HOXD9 expression significantly promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells. Mechanically, HOXD9 directly associated with the RUFY3 promoter to increase the transcriptional activity of RUFY3. Inhibition of RUFY3 attenuated the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of HOXD9-overexpressing GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, both HOXD9 and RUFY3 were highly expressed in cancer cells but not in normal gastric tissues, with their expressions being positively correlated.ConclusionsThe evidence presented here suggests that the HOXD9-RUFY3 axis promotes the development and progression of human GC.
Enhanced co-generation of cellulosic ethanol and methane with the starch/sugar-rich waste mixtures and Tween 80 in fed-batch mode
Authors: Fan Meishan , Li Jun , Bi Guican , Ye Guangying , Zhang Hongdan , Xie Jun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The mixed-feedstock fermentation is a promising approach to enhancing the co-generation of cellulosic ethanol and methane from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and molasses. However, the unmatched supply of the SCB and molasses remains a main obstacle built upon binary feedstock. Here, we propose a cellulose–starch–sugar ternary waste combinatory approach to overcome this bottleneck by integrating the starch-rich waste of Dioscorea composita Hemls. extracted residue (DER) in mixed fermentation.

Results
The substrates of the pretreated SCB, DER and molasses with varying ratios were conducted at a relatively low solids loading of 12%, and the optimal mixture ratio of 1:0.5:0.5 for the pretreated SCB/DER/molasses was determined by evaluating the ethanol concentration and yield. Nevertheless, it was found that the ethanol yield decreased from 79.19 ± 0.20 to 62.31 ± 0.61% when the solids loading increased from 12 to 44% in batch modes, regardless of the fact that the co-fermentation of three-component feedstock was performed under the optimal condition defined above. Hence, different fermentation processes such as fed-batch and fed-batch + Tween 80 were implemented to further improve the ethanol concentration and yield at higher solids loading ranging between 36 and 44%. The highest ethanol concentration of 91.82 ± 0.86 g/L (69.33 ± 0.46% of theoretical yield) was obtained with fed-batch + Tween 80 mode during the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation at a high solids loading of 44%. Moreover, after the ethanol recovery, the remaining stillage was digested for biomethane production and finally yielded 320.72 ± 6.98 mL/g of volatile solids.

Conclusions
Integrated DER into the combination of SCB and molasses would be beneficial for ethanol production. The co-generation of bioethanol and biomethane by mixed cellulose–starch–sugar waste turns out to be a sustainable solution to improve the overall efficacy in biorefinery.
Genome expansion by allopolyploidization in the fungal strain Coniochaeta 2T2.1 and its exceptional lignocellulolytic machinery
Authors: Mondo Stephen J. , Jiménez Diego Javier , Hector Ronald E. , Lipzen Anna , Yan Mi , LaButti Kurt , Barry Kerrie , van Elsas Jan Dirk , Grigoriev Igor V. , Nichols Nancy N. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Particular species of the genus Coniochaeta (Sordariomycetes) exhibit great potential for bioabatement of furanic compounds and have been identified as an underexplored source of novel lignocellulolytic enzymes, especially Coniochaeta ligniaria. However, there is a lack of information about their genomic features and metabolic capabilities. Here, we report the first in-depth genome/transcriptome survey of a Coniochaeta species (strain 2T2.1).

Results
The genome of Coniochaeta sp. strain 2T2.1 has a size of 74.53 Mbp and contains 24,735 protein-encoding genes. Interestingly, we detected a genome expansion event, resulting ~ 98% of the assembly being duplicated with 91.9% average nucleotide identity between the duplicated regions. The lack of gene loss, as well as the high divergence and strong genome-wide signatures of purifying selection between copies indicates that this is likely a recent duplication, which arose through hybridization between two related Coniochaeta-like species (allopolyploidization). Phylogenomic analysis revealed that 2T2.1 is related Coniochaeta sp. PMI546 and Lecythophora sp. AK0013, which both occur endophytically. Based on carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) annotation, we observed that even after in silico removal of its duplicated content, the 2T2.1 genome contains exceptional lignocellulolytic machinery. Moreover, transcriptomic data reveal the overexpression of proteins affiliated to CAZy families GH11, GH10 (endoxylanases), CE5, CE1 (xylan esterases), GH62, GH51 (α-l-arabinofuranosidases), GH12, GH7 (cellulases), and AA9 (lytic polysaccharide monoxygenases) when the fungus was grown on wheat straw compared with glucose as the sole carbon source.

Conclusions
We provide data that suggest that a recent hybridization between the genomes of related species may have given rise to Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1. Moreover, our results reveal that the degradation of arabinoxylan, xyloglucan and cellulose are key metabolic processes in strain 2T2.1 growing on wheat straw. Different genes for key lignocellulolytic enzymes were identified, which can be starting points for production, characterization and/or supplementation of enzyme cocktails used in saccharification of agricultural residues. Our findings represent first steps that enable a better understanding of the reticulate evolution and “eco-enzymology” of lignocellulolytic Coniochaeta species.
The clinical profile, hematological parameters and liver transaminases of dengue NS1 Ag positive patients admitted to Jaffna Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayadas T. T. P. , Kumanan T. , Arasaratnam V. , Gajapathy K. , Surendran S. N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveObjective of the study is to evaluate the on-admission day symptoms and signs, clinical, hematological parameters and liver transaminases of the dengue NS1 positive patients who got admitted on different clinical phases [Febrile phase (day 1–3) and Critical phase(day 4–5)] of dengue at medical wards of Jaffna Teaching Hospital.ResultsBlood samples were collected from 150 suspected dengue patients from day 1 to 5 of the illness. Seventy-eight patients were positive for dengue NS1, according to the WHO proposed dengue clinical phase framework 37 patients were from febrile phase and 41 patients from critical phase. Patients who admitted on critical phase framework suffered from leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Nine patients had the evidence of leakage with fever and the leakers had significant rise in hemoglobin, hematocrit and liver transaminase levels which are considered as severe form of the disease.
Factors affecting neonatal mortality in the general population: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)—multilevel analysis
Authors: Wolde Haileab Fekadu , Gonete Kedir Abdela , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher , Lakew Ayenew Molla 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study was aimed to identify factors affecting neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.

Results
According to the multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis, the odds of neonatal mortality was significantly associated with husbands with no education (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.10, 4.83), female birth (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39, 0.83), twin birth (AOR = 13.62, 95% CI 7.14, 25.99), pre-term birth (AOR = 15.07, 95% CI 7.80, 29.12) and mothers with no antenatal care (ANC) visit during pregnancy (AOR = 1.90 95% CI 1.11, 3.25).
Prevalence and associated factors of bronchial asthma among adult patients in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia 2018: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shine Sisay , Muhamud Sindew , Demelash Alebachew 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
Bronchial asthma is one of the major public health challenges throughout the world that negatively impact patients, families and community. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of bronchial asthma among patients in adult emergency department of Debre Berhan Referral Hospital. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used among 257 study participants. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by using pretested and structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of asthma.

Results
Prevalence of bronchial asthma among adult patients was 29.6%. Being an urban resident (AOR: 1.5: 95% CI 1.3–3.9), income of household less than 1000 EBr/month (AOR: 1.7: 95% CI 1.6–4.1), having family history of asthma (AOR: 2.7: 95% CI 1.3–5.8), and presence of vermin in the house (AOR: 2.4: 95% CI 1.2–4.7) were significantly associated with bronchial asthma. The authors concluded that the prevalence of bronchial asthma among adult patients was high. Therefore, educational program about the risk factors and preventive measures of asthma is highly recommended.
Validation of an informatics tool to assess resident’s progress in developing reporting skills
Authors: Diaz Facundo N. , Ulla Marina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic radiology residency programs pursuits as main objectives of the development of diagnostic capabilities and written communication skills to answer clinicians’ questions of referring clinicians.
There has been also an increasing focus on competencies, rather than just education inputs. Then, to show ongoing professional development is necessary for a system to assess and document resident’s competence in these areas.
Therefore, we propose the implementation of an informatics tool to objectively assess resident’s progress in developing diagnostics and reporting skills. We expect to found decreased preliminary report-final report variability within the course of each year of the residency program.

Results
We analyzed 12,162 evaluations from 32 residents (8 residents per year in a 4-year residency program) in a 7-month period. 73.96% of these evaluations belong to 2nd-year residents.
We chose two indicators to study the evolution of evaluations: the total of discrepancies over the total of preliminary reports (excluding score 0) and the total of likely to be clinically significant discrepancies (scores 2b, 3b, and 4b) over the total of preliminary reports (excluding score 0).
With the analysis of these two indicators over the evaluations of 2nd-year residents, we found a slight decrease in the value of the first indicator and relative stable behavior of the second one.

Conclusions
This tool is useful for objective assessment of reporting skill of radiology residents. It can provide an opportunity for continuing medical education with case-based learning from those cases with clinically significant discrepancies between the preliminary and the final report.
Imaging findings of cesarean delivery complications: cesarean scar disease and much more
Authors: Rosa F. , Perugin G. , Schettini D. , Romano N. , Romeo S. , Podestà R. , Guastavino A. , Casaleggio A. , Gandolfo N. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the last years, there has been a significant increase in the number of cesarean deliveries and, with it, of the number of complications following the procedure. They can be divided into early and late ones. We will illustrate herein the most common complications following cesarean section to help radiologists to recognize them. To familiarize with these various pathologic conditions is crucial to alert referring clinicians for a prompt and appropriate maternal and fetal management. Special attention will be given to the cesarean scar defect (CSD), the most common but also the most unknown of such conditions. Although often asymptomatic, a severe CSD represents a predisposing factor for subsequent complications especially in future pregnancies.
Brain MR findings in patients treated with particle therapy for skull base tumors
Authors: Viselner Gisela , Farina Lisa , Lucev Federica , Turpini Elena , Lungarotti Luca , Bacila Ana , Iannalfi Alberto , D’Ippolito Emma , Vischioni Barbara , Ronchi Sara , Marchioni Enrico , Valvo Francesca , Bastianello Stefano , Preda Lorenzo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, hadrontherapy is increasingly used for the treatment of various tumors, in particular of those resistant to conventional radiotherapy. Proton and carbon ions are characterized by physical and biological features that allow a high radiation dose to tumors, minimizing irradiation to adjacent normal tissues. For this reason, radioresistant tumors and tumors located near highly radiosensitive critical organs, such as skull base tumors, represent the best target for this kind of therapy. However, also hadrontherapy can be associated with radiation adverse effects, generally referred as acute, early-delayed and late-delayed. Among late-delayed effects, the most severe form of injury is radiation necrosis. There are various underlying mechanisms involved in the development of radiation necrosis, as well as different clinical presentations requiring specific treatments. In most cases, radiation necrosis presents as a single focal lesion, but it can be multifocal and involve a single or multiple lobes simulating brain metastasis, or it can also involve both cerebral hemispheres. In every case, radiation necrosis results always related to the extension of radiation delivery field. Multiple MRI techniques, including diffusion, perfusion imaging, and spectroscopy, are important tools for the radiologist to formulate the correct diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the possible different radiologic patterns of radiation necrosis that can be observed in different MRI techniques in patients treated with hadrontherapy for tumors involving the skull base. The images of exemplary cases of radiation necrosis are also presented.