bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method that accounts for differential detectability in mixed samples of long‐term infections with applications to the case of chronic wasting disease in cervids
Authors: Viljugrein Hildegunn , Hopp Petter , Benestad Sylvie L. , Nilsen Erlend B. , Våge Jørn , Tavornpanich Saraya , Rolandsen Christer M. , Strand Olav , Mysterud Atle 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Surveillance of wildlife diseases is logistically difficult, and imperfect detection is a recurrent challenge for disease estimation. Using citizen science can increase sample sizes, but it is associated with a cost in terms of the anatomical type and quality of the sample. Additionally, biological tissue samples from remote areas lose quality due to autolysis. These challenges are faced in the case of emerging chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids.

Here, we develop a stochastic scenario tree model of diagnostic sensitivity, allowing for a mixture of tissue sample types (lymph nodes and brain) and qualities while accounting for different detection probabilities during the CWD infection, lasting 2–3 years. We apply the diagnostic sensitivity in a Bayesian framework, enabling estimation of age‐class‐specific true prevalence, including the prevalence in latent, recently infected stages. We provide a simulation framework to estimate the sensitivity of the surveillance system (i.e., the probability of detecting the infection in a given population), when detectability varies among individuals due to different disease progression.

We demonstrate the utility of our framework by applying it to the recent emergence of CWD in a European population of reindeer. We estimated apparent CWD prevalence at 1.2% of adults in the infected population of wild reindeer, while the true prevalence was 1.6%. The sensitivity estimation of the CWD surveillance was performed in an adjacent small (c. 500) and a large (c. 10,000) reindeer population, demonstrating low certainty of CWD absence.

Our method has immediate application to the mandatory testing for CWD in EU countries commencing in 2018. Similar approaches that account for latent stages and a serial disease progression in various tissues with a temporal pattern of diagnostic sensitivity may enhance the estimation of the prevalence of wildlife diseases more generally.
A salicylic acid derivative extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by activating autophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response
Authors: Shamalnasab Mehrnaz , Gravel Simon‐Pierre , St‐Pierre Julie , Breton Lionel , Jäger Sibylle , Aguilaniu Hugo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlant extracts containing salicylates are probably the most ancient remedies to reduce fever and ease aches of all kind. Recently, it has been shown that salicylates activate adenosine monophosphate‐activated kinase (AMPK), which is now considered as a promising target to slow down aging and prevent age‐related diseases in humans. Beneficial effects of AMPK activation on lifespan have been discovered in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Indeed, salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid extend lifespan in worms by activating AMPK and the forkhead transcription factor DAF‐16/FOXO. Here, we investigated whether another salicylic acid derivative 5‐octanoyl salicylic acid (C8‐SA), developed as a controlled skin exfoliating ingredient, had similar properties using C. elegans as a model. We show that C8‐SA increases lifespan of C. elegans and that a variety of pathways and genes are required for C8‐SA‐mediated lifespan extension. C8‐SA activates AMPK and inhibits TOR both in nematodes and in primary human keratinocytes. We also show that C8‐SA can induce both autophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmit) in nematodes. This induction of both processes is fully required for lifespan extension in the worm. In addition, we found that the activation of autophagy by C8‐SA fails to occur in worms with compromised UPRmit, suggesting a mechanistic link between these two processes. Mutants that are defective in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response exhibit constitutive high autophagy levels. Taken together, these data therefore suggest that C8‐SA positively impacts longevity in worms through induction of autophagy and the UPRmit.
Morphology of the vaginal complex in the white‐eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris): Gross anatomy and light microscopy
Authors: Schimming Bruno C. , Cesario Maria D. , Matheus Selma M. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOpossums, the largest marsupials found in Brazil, are animals of great interest due to their commonality in large urban centres and their frequent use as laboratory animals. Thus, this study was designed to describe the vaginal complex in ten female opossums by gross anatomy and light microscopy. The vaginal complex comprises two lateral vaginae, a vaginal cul‐de‐sac and a urogenital sinus. No marked morphological contrast of the vaginal complex was observed in the proestrus and metestrus phases of the females studied. The epithelium lining of cul‐de‐sac was simple columnar and folded. The lateral vagina was lined by a stratified squamous epithelium that was keratinised in its cranial portion and nonkeratinised in the caudal region. The urogenital sinus was also lined by a stratified squamous epithelium. The morphology of vaginal complex of white‐eared opossum is similar to those reported for other marsupials, showing similar histological features.
Genetic polymorphisms, forensic efficiency, and phylogenetic analysis of 15 autosomal STR loci in the Uygur population of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Northwestern China
Authors: Feng Chun‐Mei , Wang Xin , Yu Hao , Wang Xiao‐Long , Zhang Guo‐Hua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe genetic polymorphisms of 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci were analyzed in 449 individuals of the Uygur population from Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Northwestern China. Phylogenetic analysis was performed among the Ili Uygur population and other relevant populations. The neighbor‐joining tree and multidimensional scaling plot were generated based on the Nei's standard genetic distance. We found a total of 173 alleles with corresponding frequencies ranging from 0.5022 to 0.0011. The combined powers of discrimination and exclusion for the 15 autosomal STR loci were 0.99999999985 and 0.99999880065, respectively. Population comparisons indicated that the Ili Uygur population had a relatively close genetic relationship with the Uygur populations from other regions of China. The pairwise genetic distance and P‐values between Ili Uygur and 10 published populations showed that no statistically significant differences existed between the Ili Uygur population and the Kashi, Kashgar, and Kotan Uygur. Therefore, the Ili Uygur population has its own unique Uygur genetic characteristics that were different from the other ethnic populations of China.
A PEAR1 polymorphism (rs12041331) is associated with risk of coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Pi Lei , Xu Yufen , Fu Lanyan , Zhang Li , Liu Yunfeng , Zhou Huazhong , Che Di , Gu Xiaoqiong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that is most seriously complicated by coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). The polymorphisms of platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1), notably rs12041331 and rs12566888, were found to be closely related to cardiac disease. However, little is known regarding the connection between PEAR1 and KD. In this study, we genotyped PEAR1 rs12566888 and rs12041331 in 637 healthy infants and 694 KD patients (74 with CAA). Subsequently, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the strength of their relationships. No significant differences in the frequency of rs12566888 or rs12041331 in PEAR1 were observed between KD and healthy controls. However, regardless of the statistical combination of rs12566888 genotype, the rs12041331 recessive inheritance model was associated with an increased risk of CAA after Bonferroni correction (for rs12041331, AA vs. GG/GA: adjusted OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.41–4.01, P = 0.009; combination of two recessive genotypes vs. combination of 0–1 recessive genotypes: adjusted OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.42–4.04, P = 0.009). This study suggests for the first time that PEAR1 polymorphisms did not indicate susceptibility for KD occurrence but the rs12041331 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of CAA formation in KD, and the functions of the gene warrant further research.
Association of polymorphisms in genes coding for antioxidant enzymes and human male infertility
Authors: García Rodríguez Anaís , de la Casa Moises , Johnston Stephen , Gosálvez Jaime , Roy Rosa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeAlthough oxidative stress is thought to be an important cause of male infertility, primarily due to DNA and cell membrane damage, little is known about the genetic causes underlying suboptimal function of the seminal enzymatic antioxidant system. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of four potentially functional polymorphisms associated with oxidative stress pathway genes (superoxide dismutase—SOD2 lle58Thr and SOD2 rs4880, catalase—CAT C‐262T, glutathione peroxidase 1—GPX1 Pro200Leu) and two null variants of the glutathione S transferase (GSTT and GSTM) genes and infertility risk.MethodsA case control study was conducted on 313 infertile patients and 80 fertile donors. Each ejaculate was subjected to a seminal analysis that included the classical parameters seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology, as well as sperm DNA fragmentation (patients only). Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and PCR multiplex methods were carried out for genotyping.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between fertile donors and infertile patients for SNP CAT C‐262T; the CC genotype was related with a twofold increased risk of infertility (odds ratio [OR] = 2.262; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.369–3.733; P = 0.001), whereas the CT genotype was associated with a protective effect (OR = 0.401; 95% CI = 0.241–0.667; P = 0.001). Surprisingly, the SOD2 Ile58ssThr SNP was not represented in the sample population, so its frequency in the current population frequenting fertility clinics in Madrid may be very low.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the CAT SNP C‐262T is potentially associated with an increased risk of male infertility.
A study comparing the practice of Australian maternity care providers in relation to maternal immunisation
Authors: Krishnaswamy Sushena , Wallace Euan M. , Buttery Jim , Giles Michelle L. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWomen's decisions regarding vaccination during pregnancy are heavily influenced by maternity care provider (MCP) recommendations. Understanding why MCPs may not recommend vaccination is central to improving vaccination rates.AimsTo examine the knowledge, attitudes and practice of Australian MCPs to maternal vaccination.MethodsWe surveyed obstetricians, midwives and general practitioners (GPs) between September and November 2016. Providers were asked about their knowledge and current practice, and about their perceived roles in discussing and administering maternal vaccinations.ResultsEight hundred and seventy surveys were completed. Each MCP group believed they had the primary responsibility for discussing vaccinations but all groups perceived GPs as primarily responsible for administering vaccines. More midwives had concerns about safety (21/129, 16%) than obstetricians (9/359, 3%) and GPs (7/326, 2%) (P < 0.001). Overall, 83% of MCPs recommended diphtheria‐tetanus‐acellular pertussis vaccination (dTpa) and 78% inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV) according to guidelines, with no differences between groups. Overall 77% provided dTpa onsite (GPs 99%, midwives 70%, obstetricians 60%, P < 0.001) and 71% provided IIV (GPs 99%, midwives 48%, obstetricians 54%, P < 0.001). Factors associated with recommending vaccination in accordance with guidelines and providing vaccination onsite were similar across groups: personal history of vaccination, confidence in vaccine knowledge, and awareness of recommendations for and belief in the safety of maternal dTpa.ConclusionsAmong MCPs, the rates of recommending and providing maternal vaccination were higher than previously reported. Further improvements might be expected with increased awareness of guidelines, further education around vaccine safety, and by changing perceptions of the role of obstetricians and midwives in providing maternal vaccinations.
Review article: drug‐induced liver injury in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – a physiopathological and clinical integrated view
Authors: Bessone Fernando , Dirchwolf Melisa , Rodil María Agustina , Razori María Valeria , Roma Marcelo G. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, since it is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome pandemics. NAFLD may affect drug disposal and has common pathophysiological mechanisms with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI); this may predispose to hepatoxicity induced by certain drugs that share these pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, drugs may trigger fatty liver and inflammation per se by mimicking NAFLD pathophysiological mechanisms.AimsTo provide a comprehensive update on (a) potential mechanisms whereby certain drugs can be more hepatotoxic in NAFLD patients, (b) the steatogenic effects of drugs, and (c) the mechanism involved in drug‐induced steatohepatitis (DISH).MethodsA language‐ and date‐unrestricted Medline literature search was conducted to identify pertinent basic and clinical studies on the topic.ResultsDrugs can induce macrovesicular steatosis by mimicking NAFLD pathogenic factors, including insulin resistance and imbalance between fat gain and loss. Other forms of hepatic fat accumulation exist, such as microvesicular steatosis and phospholipidosis, and are mostly associated with acute mitochondrial dysfunction and defective lipophagy, respectively. Drug‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction is also commonly involved in DISH. Patients with pre‐existing NAFLD may be at higher risk of DILI induced by certain drugs, and polypharmacy in obese individuals to treat their comorbidities may be a contributing factor.ConclusionsThe relationship between DILI and NAFLD may be reciprocal: drugs can cause NAFLD by acting as steatogenic factors, and pre‐existing NAFLD could be a predisposing condition for certain drugs to cause DILI. Polypharmacy associated with obesity might potentiate the association between this condition and DILI.
Expression of interferon‐stimulated gene 15‐kDa protein, cyclooxygenase (COX) 1, COX‐2, aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member B1, and prostaglandin E synthase in the spleen during early pregnancy in sheep
Authors: Yang Ling , Liu Yong , Lv Wan , Wang Pengda , Wang Bin , Xue Jie , Zhang Leying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe spleen is a unique lymphoid organ that plays a key role in immune regulation. Interferon‐tau induces upregulation of interferon‐stimulated gene 15‐kDa protein (ISG15) in the uterus during early pregnancy in sheep. Prostaglandins (PGs) have important effects in both the activation and the inhibition of immune response through an autocrine and paracrine manner. In this study, splenic samples were obtained at Day 16 of the estrous cycle, and Days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy from ewes, and the expression of ISG15 and PG synthases, including cyclooxygenase 1 (COX‐1), COX‐2, PGE synthase (PTGES), and PGF synthase (aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member B1, AKR1B1), was detected through quantitative real‐time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Our results showed that there was upregulation of COX‐2 mRNA and protein at Day 25 of pregnancy, and ISG15 mRNA and conjugated proteins, and AKR1B1 mRNA and dimer at Days 16 and 25 of pregnancy. COX‐2 and AKR1B1 proteins were limited to the capsule, trabeculae, and splenic cords. However, the expression of COX‐1 and PTGES was not affected by early pregnancy. In conclusion, ISG15‐conjugated proteins, COX‐2 and AKR1B1 upregulated in maternal spleen during early pregnancy, which may be beneficial for the placentation in sheep.
Evaluation of a quantitative serum Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific IgM assay for diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Yao Yake , Zhou Hua , Shen Yihong , Yang Qing , Ye Jian , Fu Yiqi , Lu Guohua , Lou Haiyan , Yu Yunsong , Zhou Jianying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe early diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) remains challenging. Currently, a new quantitative IgM antibody assay that enveloped purified galactomannan extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus as antigen was commercially available in China, but its diagnostic value remains to be established.MethodsTo evaluate the role of this commercial IgM assay for diagnosis of CPA, a multi‐center prospective study was performed in 12 hospitals in Zhejiang Province, from January 1 to December 31, 2016. Adult inpatients without severe immunocompromised condition and those with persistent clinical symptoms/radiological findings ≥3 months or a consistent appearance in chest CT that was suggestive of CPA were included. The clinical data were compiled using a structured questionnaire.ResultsA total of 87 cases were enrolled, including 43 CPA. The sensitivity ranged from 16.3% to 46.5%, and the specificity from 77.3% to 95.5% when cutoffs were from 50 to 80 arbitrary unit (AU)/mL. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.627. When a cutoff of 38.12 AU/mL was applied, the sensitivity and specificity were 69.8% and 56.8%, respectively, which represents the best performance.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study was the first to evaluate this commercial A. fumigatus‐specific IgM antibody assay in CPA patients in China and indicates that this IgM assay has a limited value and should not be a prior recommendation for CPA diagnosis.
Association of methacholine challenge test with diagnosis of chronic lung allograft dysfunction in lung transplant patients
Authors: Siddiqui Atif S. , Kumar Gagan , Majumdar Tilottama , Graviss Edward A. , Nguyen Duc T. , Goodarzi Ahmad , Kaleekal Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a complication of lung transplantation. We sought to determine whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness detected by the methacholine challenge test (MCT) at 3 months after lung transplant (LT) predicts the development of CLAD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 140 LT patients between 1/2008 and 6/2014 who underwent MCT at 3 months after LT. Pearson's chi‐squared test and Kruskal‐Wallis test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to evaluate the association between CLAD and MCT.ResultsMethacholine challenge test+ was associated with the development of overall CLAD (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR]: 3.47; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.71, 7.03; P = 0.001) and CLAD within 3 years (aHR: 4.98; 95%CI: 1.84, 13.48; P = 0.002). Subgroup analysis showed that MCT (+) is associated with overall CLAD in single lung transplant (SLT) (aHR: 8.18; 95% CI: 2.22, 30.09; P = 0.002), double lung transplant (DLT) (aHR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.22, 8.78; P = 0.02) and CLAD within 3 years in DLT patients (aHR: 6.76; 95% CI: 1.71, 26.74; P = 0.01).ConclusionMethacholine challenge test+ at 3 months after LT is associated with the development of overall CLAD. Positive MCT could predict the development of early CLAD within 3 years in DLT patients.
Evaluation of periodontal ligament cell viability in different storage media based on human PDL cell culture experiments—A systematic review
Authors: Osmanovic Ahmed , Halilovic Sabina , Kurtovic‐Kozaric Amina , Hadziabdic Naida 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsThe best treatment for an avulsed tooth is immediate replantation. If this is not possible, a proper transport medium is required for the maintenance of viability of the periodontal ligament cells (PDL). The aim was to systematically review the efficacy of different storage media used for the survival of PDL cells of avulsed teeth in the in vitro setting.MethodsThe search strategy was based on the MeSH keywords in PubMed/MEDLINE: “Transport media for avulsed teeth,” “Storage media for avulsed teeth,” “Knocked out teeth,” “Tooth avulsion,” “Biological transport of avulsed tooth,” “Cell survival of avulsed tooth,” “Cell viability of avulsed tooth,” “Tooth replantation,” and “Periodontal ligament in avulsed teeth.” The “AND” and “OR” Boolean operators were applied to combine keywords. Each study was evaluated for eight criteria, including use of human PDL, in vitro cell culture models, the number of passages, types of storage media, percentages of surviving PDL cells, pH and osmolality of storage media, and the type of test used to asses PDL viability.ResultsIn 15 selected studies, nine storage media (HBSS, tap water, DMEM, milk, saliva, 10% and 20% propolis, Gatorade, and Viaspan) were analyzed at six time points. For storage up to 2 hours, HBSS, DMEM, milk, 10% propolis, 20% propolis, and Viaspan conserved more than 80% of PDL viability. For storage at 24 hours, Viaspan showed best cell survival at 88.4%, followed by DMEM (70.9%) and 10% propolis (68.3%). Milk and HBSS showed similar PDL survival at 24 hours (57.2% and 57.3%, respectively).ConclusionsMilk remains the most convenient, cheapest, and readily available solution in most situations while also being capable of keeping PDL cells alive. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of more commonly found storage media besides milk.
The evolutionary significance of hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: França Thiago F. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHippocampal neurogenesis (HN) has been implicated in a variety of hippocampus‐dependent behaviors in the laboratory but its evolutionary significance is still debated. Some authors have argued that HN is an adaptation while others argued it is an atavism. However, recent analyses lead to the conclusion that HN likely evolved concurrently with the dentate gyrus itself, both being dependent on a migration of neural stem and progenitor cells out of the periventricular zone that occurs during development. This may render the previous debates obsolete, as selective pressure was likely acting upon the mammalian dentate gyrus itself, with neurogenesis being a mere spandrel in dentate gyrus’ evolution.
Still getting it on online: Thirty years of queer male spaces brokered through digital technologies
Authors: Miles Sam 
Published: September 2018

AbstractResearch across the social sciences testifies to an ongoing relationship between queerness and digital technology. This article tracks how different online spaces for queer menhave changed as the internet has developed over the past 30 years. It argues that queer spaces have become increasingly dominated by, and predicated on, internet technology. I review early interpretations of cyberspace as a liberatory space freed from heteronormativity and later more critical assessments of its potential, positioning arguments for and against the internet's status as a protective space. I then evaluate the huge popularity of mobile phone‐based dating and hook‐up apps such as Grindr and Tinder. These platforms have developed from static desktop offerings including Gaydar and PlanetRomeo, but emphasise a distinctly hybridised socio‐technical experience in partner seeking. Finally, I consider the impact of locative media on more traditional queer concepts of cruising and community, concluding that contemporary apps refigure both structures in distinctive ways reflecting larger changes in sexuality and space studies.