bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative replacement therapy in haemophilia B: An appeal to “B” more precise
Authors: Hazendonk H. C. A. M. , Preijers T. , Liesner R. , Chowdary P. , Hart D. , Keeling D. , Driessens M. H. E. , Laros‐van Gorkom B. A. P. , van der Meer F. J. M. , Meijer K. , Fijnvandraat K. , Leebeek F. W. G. , Mathôt R. A. A. , Collins P. W. , Cnossen M. H. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionHaemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor IX (FIX) and characterized by bleeding in muscles and joints. In the perioperative setting, patients are treated with FIX replacement therapy to secure haemostasis. Targeting of specified FIX levels is challenging and requires frequent monitoring and adjustment of therapy.AimTo evaluate perioperative management in haemophilia B, including monitoring of FIX infusions and observed FIX levels, whereby predictors of low and high FIX levels were assessed.MethodsIn this international multicentre study, haemophilia B patients with FIX < 0.05 IU mL−1 undergoing elective, minor or major surgical procedures between 2000 and 2015 were included. Data were collected on patient, surgical and treatment characteristics. Observed FIX levels were compared to target levels as recommended by guidelines.ResultsA total of 255 surgical procedures were performed in 118 patients (median age 40 years, median body weight 79 kg). Sixty percent of FIX levels within 24 hours of surgery were below target with a median difference of 0.22 IU mL−1 [IQR 0.12‐0.36]; while >6 days after surgery, 59% of FIX levels were above target with a median difference of 0.19 IU mL−1 [IQR 0.10‐0.39]. Clinically relevant bleeding complications (necessity of a second surgical intervention or red blood cell transfusion) occurred in 7 procedures (2.7%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that targeting of FIX levels in the perioperative setting is complex and suboptimal, but although this bleeding is minimal. Alternative dosing strategies taking patient and surgical characteristics as well as pharmacokinetic principles into account may help to optimize and individualize treatment.
Total elbow arthroplasty in haemophilia
Authors: Dale T. M. , Saucedo J. M. , Rodriguez‐Merchan E. C. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionAdvanced haemophilic arthropathy of the elbow can be a devastating manifestation of severe haemophilia with significant implications for activities of daily living.AimTo summarize the currently available data on total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) for haemophilic arthropathy of the elbow, to draw comparisons to TEA for other indications, and to outline some considerations regarding TEA in this unique population.MethodsA narrative review of the literature has been performed.ResultsThe scant data regarding outcomes of TEA for haemophilic arthropathy are limited to small case series and case reports. A review of the available literature shows that, while pain relief and patient satisfaction are promising, variable outcomes with significant complications and infection rates may discourage routine use of TEA for haemophilic arthropathy of the elbow.ConclusionWhile patients with severe haemophilic arthropathy of the elbow are likely to make gains in terms of pain control and range of motion following TEA, there are insufficient data to routinely recommend its use. Complication and infection rates are concerning, and the lack of survival analysis data makes it difficult to quantify the benefit to the patient in light of the risks and resources involved in the procedure.
Cross‐cultural comparisons between Korean and U.S. adults with respect to texture perception and acceptance of cooked milled rice
Authors: Choi Won Seok , Jarma Arroyo Sara E. , Seo Han‐Seok 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to determine whether texture perception and acceptance of cooked rice could differ with cultural background, especially between Korean and American participants. Participants evaluated eight cooked rice samples with respect to intensities of textural attributes such as visual stickiness, hardness, stickiness and chewiness. Participants also rated the acceptability of and familiarity with those samples. Results showed that Americans gave higher ratings to cooked rice samples with respect to visual stickiness, stickiness and chewiness, while Koreans gave higher ratings to hardness than their counterpart. For Americans, chewiness was considered as a negative driver; whereas for Koreans, visual stickiness and stickiness were identified as positive drivers of overall liking for cooked rice samples. Moreover, a familiarity level of cooked rice samples was a pronounced positive driver of liking for both American and Korean participants. In conclusion, our findings provide empirical evidence that cultural background influences texture perception and liking of cooked rice.
Exploitation, Working Poverty, and the Expressive Power of Wages
Authors: Dobos Ned 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ‘working poor’ are paid below‐subsistence wages for full‐time employment. What, if anything, is wrong with this? The extant philosophical literature offers two kinds of answers. The first says that failing to pay workers enough to live on takes unfair advantage of them; the workers are exploited. The second says that employers who fail to pay living wages default on a duty of care grounded in a special relationship; the workers are neglected. These arguments, though generally sound, provide an incomplete picture of the wrongdoing involved. Neither adequately captures the intuition that a firm treats its employees not just badly, but disdainfully, by failing to pay them a living wage. My goal is to bring this particular feature of the relationship to salience. Working full‐time in return for below‐subsistence, I will argue, is an arrangement under which the worker is demeaned. This becomes apparent once we appreciate the expressive power of wages, and the intimate connection between one's labour and one's self.
Thermal energy and stress properties as the main drivers of regional distribution of coral species richness in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Ateweberhan Mebrahtu , McClanahan Tim R. , Maina Joseph , Sheppard Charles 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimLarge‐scale variation in species richness results from multiple environmental controls. We proposed to identify the main factors that influence species richness of reef corals to provide insight into natural forces and their implications for future climate impacts.LocationIndian Ocean.MethodsWe applied quantile regression (QR) to predict coral species richness and to evaluate the influence of reef area, biogeographical connection – represented by reef area up‐current, geological provinces defined by plate tectonics, latitude, longitude and mainland‐island separation, the physico‐chemical factors of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), salinity and primary productivity and seven properties of sea surface temperature (mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, range, kurtosis and skewness) on coral species richness. Predictions at three quantiles (0.50, 0.75 and 0.95) were compared against ordinary least squares regression (OLS) analysis.ResultsAll four models successfully predicted species richness, with the 95%QRmodel showing the best fit. According to this model, reef area, number of reefs up‐current and mean‐SSThad positive effects while maximum and kurtosis‐SSThad negative effects on richness. The distribution of observed richness values in relation to the regression line suggested this model revealed the main limiting factors. High predicted richness sites were located in the region from Western Australia to Central Indian Ocean Islands and southern India, the Mozambique Channel and East Africa and Southern Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Sites with low predicted richness were Arabian/Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, South Africa and south‐west Madagascar, Gulf of Kutch, Bay of Bengal and the Mascarenes.ConclusionsTemperature properties played a prominent role in influencing species richness mainly as latent energy and stress rather than thermal stability. These thermal properties indicate the conditions needed to promote coral diversity and selecting climate refugia for conservation management.
Predicting suicide attempts in adolescents with longitudinal clinical data and machine learning
Authors: Walsh Colin G. , Ribeiro Jessica D. , Franklin Joseph C. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAdolescents have high rates of nonfatal suicide attempts, but clinically practical risk prediction remains a challenge. Screening can be time consuming to implement at scale, if it is done at all. Computational algorithms may predict suicide risk using only routinely collected clinical data. We used a machine learning approach validated on longitudinal clinical data in adults to address this challenge in adolescents.MethodsThis is a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study. Data were collected from the Vanderbilt Synthetic Derivative from January 1998 to December 2015 and included 974 adolescents with nonfatal suicide attempts and multiple control comparisons: 496 adolescents with other self‐injury (OSI), 7,059 adolescents with depressive symptoms, and 25,081 adolescent general hospital controls. Candidate predictors included diagnostic, demographic, medication, and socioeconomic factors. Outcome was determined by multiexpert review of electronic health records. Random forests were validated with optimism adjustment at multiple time points (from 1 week to 2 years). Recalibration was done via isotonic regression. Evaluation metrics included discrimination (AUC, sensitivity/specificity, precision/recall) and calibration (calibration plots, slope/intercept, Brier score).ResultsComputational models performed well and did not require face‐to‐face screening. Performance improved as suicide attempts became more imminent. Discrimination was good in comparison with OSI controls (AUC = 0.83 [0.82–0.84] at 720 days; AUC = 0.85 [0.84–0.87] at 7 days) and depressed controls (AUC = 0.87 [95% CI 0.85–0.90] at 720 days; 0.90 [0.85–0.94] at 7 days) and best in comparison with general hospital controls (AUC 0.94 [0.92–0.96] at 720 days; 0.97 [0.95–0.98] at 7 days). Random forests significantly outperformed logistic regression in every comparison. Recalibration improved performance as much as ninefold – clinical recommendations with poorly calibrated predictions can lead to decision errors.ConclusionsMachine learning on longitudinal clinical data may provide a scalable approach to broaden screening for risk of nonfatal suicide attempts in adolescents.
Copper chelators promote nonamyloidogenic processing of AβPP via MT1/2/CREB‐dependent signaling pathways in AβPP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhang Ya‐Hong , Zhang Wei , Gao Hui‐Ling , Zhong Man‐Li , Huang Ting‐Ting , Guo Rui‐Fang , Liu Na‐Na , Li Dan‐Dan , Li Yin , Wang Zhan‐You , Zhao Pu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCopper is essential for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are induced by amyloid‐β (Aβ) aggregation; thus, the homeostasis of copper is believed to be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although clinical trials of copper chelators show promise when applied in AD, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we reported that copper chelators promoted nonamyloidogenic processing of AβPP through MT1/2/CREB‐dependent signaling pathways. First, we found that the formation of Aβ plaques in the cortex was significantly reduced, and learning deficits were significantly improved in AβPP/PS1 transgenic mice by copper chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TM) administration. Second, TM and another copper chelator, bathocuproine sulfonate (BCS), promoted nonamyloidogenic processing of AβPP via inducing the expression of ADAM10 and the secretion of sAβPPα. Third, the inducible ADAM10 production caused by copper chelators can be blocked by a melatonin receptor (MT1/2) antagonist (luzindole) and a MT2 inhibitor (4‐P‐PDOT), suggesting that the expression of ADAM10 depends on the activation of MT1/2 signaling pathways. Fourth, three of the MT1/2‐downstream signaling pathways, Gq/PLC/MEK/ERK/CREB, Gs/cAMP/PKA/ERK/CREB and Gs/cAMP/PKA/CREB, were responsible for copper chelator‐induced ADAM10 production. Based on these results, we conclude that copper chelators regulate the balance between amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic processing of AβPP via promoting ADAM10 expression through MT1/2/CREB‐dependent signaling pathways.
Exploring relationships between body condition score, body fat, activity level and inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Pearson W. , Wood K. , Stanley S. , MacNicol J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryObesity is associated with inflammatory disorders in humans, including degenerative joint disease. While obesity is endemic in horses, its relationship to equine degenerative joint disease has not been explored. The current study sought to describe relationships between: body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), lameness grade (AAEP), total body fat mass (kg; FM) and fat per cent (FP) [multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (mfBIA)], age, gender, activity level (AL), synovial fluid (SF) and plasma (PL) PGE2 and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in horses. During this field investigation, the BCS (of nine) of 54 horses at multiple farms in southern Ontario, Canada, was determined. Horses were categorized as thin (BCS=3/9; n = 6), moderate (BCS=4 or 5/9; n = 18), overweight (BCS=6 or 7/9; n = 19) or obese (BCS=8 or 9/9; n = 11). Total fat mass (kg) and body fat% was measured using mfBIA, lameness was assessed (AAEP lameness scale) and synovial fluid was collected via aseptic arthrocentesis from the left intercarpal joint for assessment of inflammatory biomarkers (PGE2, GAG). Means were compared with a one‐way ANOVA; correlation coefficients were calculated using a Spearman Rank Order Correlation to reveal correlations between variables. BCS was positively correlated with BW, FM, FP, AL and PL‐PGE2. BW was also significantly positively correlated with PL‐PGE2. It is concluded that BCS is significantly correlated with PL‐PGE2, due in part to the combined effect of AL and body condition. Net inflammatory effects of body fat on risk for joint disease require further study.
Effects of pure plant secondary metabolites on methane production, rumen fermentation and rumen bacteria populations in vitro
Authors: Joch M. , Mrázek J. , Skřivanová E. , Čermák L. , Marounek M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this study, the effects of seven pure plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4) production and rumen bacterial community composition were determined. Two in vitro trials were conducted. In trial 1, nine concentrations of 8‐hydroxyquinoline, α‐terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate, α‐pinene, thymoquinone and thymol were incubated on separate days using in vitro 24‐hr batch incubations. All compounds tested demonstrated the ability to alter rumen fermentation parameters and decrease CH4 production. However, effective concentrations differed among individual PSMs. The lowest concentrations that reduced (p < .05) CH4 production were as follows: 8 mg/L of 8‐hydroxyquinoline, 120 mg/L of thymoquinone, 240 mg/L of thymol and 480 mg/L of α‐terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate and α‐pinene. These concentrations were selected for use in trial 2. In trial 2, PSMs were incubated in one run. Methane was decreased (p < .05) by all PSMs at selected concentrations. However, only 8‐hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone decreased (p < .05) CH4 relative to volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, different PSMs changed the composition of bacterial communities to different extents. As revealed by Ion Torrent sequencing, the effects of PSMs on relative abundance were most pronounced in the predominant families, especially in Lachnospiraceae, Succinivibrionaceae, Prevotellaceae, unclassified Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae. The CH4 production was correlated negatively (−.72; p < .05) with relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and positively with relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae (.86; p < .05). In summary, this study identified three pure PSMs (8hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone) with potentially promising effects on rumen CH4 production. The PSMs tested in this study demonstrated considerable impact on rumen bacterial communities even at the lowest concentrations that decreased CH4 production. The findings from this study may help to elucidate how PSMs affect rumen bacterial fermentation.
Additivity of standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in mixed diets containing multiple protein sources for growing pigs fed three crude protein levels
Authors: Liu Z. , Liu J. , Chen L. , Lv S. , Liu L. , Tang X. , Zhang H. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) levels of semi‐purified diets on the additivity of values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in mixed diets from multiple protein sources for growing pigs. A total of 28 barrows (initial BW, 66.4 ± 1.3 kg) were surgically fitted with simple T‐cannulas at the distal ileum and assigned to a replicated 14 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 14 diets and 4 periods. The 14 experimental diets consisted of a nitrogen‐free diet; a corn‐based diet (80 g CP/kg); nine semi‐purified diets containing soya bean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) or corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), each type (protein source) of semi‐purified diets supplied 80, 120 or 160 g CP/kg, respectively; three mixed diets based on corn, SBM, CM and cDDGS formulated to contain 120, 160 and 200 g CP/kg respectively. Pigs were fed each of the 14 diets during a seven‐day period, and ileal digesta were collected from 08:00 a.m to 6:00 p.m on day 6 and 7. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker. Results indicated that the SID of CP and AA were not affected by CP levels (p > .05). Values for SID of AA were additive (p > .05) with the exception of His and Lys; Arg and Lys; Arg, Lys, Thr, Asp, Cys and Gly in the mixed diets containing 120, 160 and 200 g CP/kg respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, additivity of SID values of AA in the mixed diets at different CP levels was not affected by the CP levels of semi‐purified diets for growing pigs. Therefore, it is recommended that SID values of AA should be used to formulate practical diets containing multiple ingredients for pigs.
Bioeconomic modelling of the intensive production of white‐leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in a photo‐heterotrophic hypersaline system, with minimal seawater replacement
Authors: Moreno‐Figueroa Luis Daniel , Villarreal‐Colmenares Humberto , Naranjo‐Páramo José , Vargas‐Mendieta Mayra , Mercier Laurence , Casillas‐Hernández Ramón , Hernández‐Llamas Alfredo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe use a bioeconomic approach to analyse the production, and economic performance of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in a photo‐heterotrophic, hypersaline intensive system with minimal water replacement during spring‐summer (SS) and summer‐autumn (SA) production cycles in the semiarid region of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Salinity was maintained at 45 ± 2.0 (SS) and 46 ± 2.5 g L−1 (SA), dissolved oxygen at 4.8 ± 0.5 (SS) and 4.4 ± 0.4 mg L−1 (SA), pH at 7.9 ± 0.3 (SS) and 7.8 ± 0.2 (SA), and temperature at 28.4 ± 2.4 (SS) and 31.6 ± 0.7°C (SA). The bioeconomic analysis indicated that the mean production in SS is 13.2 t ha−1, and that mean net revenues of 12 600 $USD ha−1 and a benefit‐cost ratio of 1.31 could be obtained. For SA, mean production was 17.7 t ha−1, and mean net revenue and the benefit‐cost ratio were 38 930 $USD ha−1 and 1.93, respectively. The optimum harvesting times were at 90 (SS) and 92 days (SA) when the economic indicators and the confidence of obtaining them were maximized. Superior economic performance of SA was a consequence of faster shrimp growth and higher shrimp prices. More stable conditions of water quality resulted in better production in SA. A sensitivity analysis showed that shrimp price was the most important factor influencing net revenue, and that final weight of shrimp, dissolved oxygen and temperature had intermediate influence. Positive economic outcomes indicate the potential of the photo‐heterotrophic technology for shrimp production in semiarid regions.
Untangling the Ukrainian Revolution
Authors: Gilley Christopher 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article asks: ‘What was the Ukrainian revolution?’ It questions the nationalist narrative of an intelligentsia‐led movement in favour of independence by revealing some of the many strands that made up the revolution in Ukraine: the peasant struggle for the land and its produce, the urban and proletarian revolutions, the Ukrainian leftist intelligentsia's pursuit of national and social liberation, and the restless violence of the otamans. It also studies the fraught relationship between Eastern Galicia and Dnipro Ukraine. In this way, it seeks to counter current attempts to detach entirely the Ukrainian developments from those in Russia.
Yearning for Social Change: The Russian Revolution in the Baltic Provinces
Authors: Brüggemann Karsten 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn general, histories of the Russian Revolution do not touch upon events in the Baltic provinces of the empire in any detail. Only the apparently exceptionally large number of Latvians who supported the Bolsheviks in the election to the Russian Constituent Assembly (72%) is mentioned. This paper argues with Ronald G. Suny's typologization of imperial ethnic groups according to their relationship to ‘class’ and ‘nationalism’ in order to qualify the latter's conclusion that the Latvians in 1917 turned towards Bolshevism whereas the Estonians moved towards nationalism. In fact, closer investigation proves that the difference was not so clear cut. There was certainly much sympathy for social revolution in the littoral as a whole, as had been proven in the elections in late 1917, but there was no sympathy for class war. The emergence of a nationally oriented Estonian and Latvian social democracy ultimately covered the gap between ‘revolutionaries’ and ‘nationalists’ and paved the way to the foundation of nation‐states. Thus in both cases, this article argues, ‘class’ and ‘nationalism’ reinforced each other, rather than operating as antagonistic categories.
Nationalism and Empire before and after 1917
Authors: Semyonov Alexander , Smith Jeremy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe article reassesses some of the recent historiographic developments in studies of the Russian Revolution and the collapse of the Russian Empire. In particular, it focusses on the role of nationalist politics in late Imperial Russia, in 1917, and in early Soviet politics. It also considers the end of the Russian Empire within the context of historiographical approaches to the collapse of other European empires. Based on these considerations, the article concludes that the place of nationalist politics in the Russian Revolution can be exaggerated.
Jewish‐Ukrainian‐Soviet Relations during the Civil War and the Second Thoughts of a Minister for Jewish Affairs
Authors: Rabinovitch Simon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA century after the dissolution of the Russian Empire and its descent into multidirectional civil war, the memory of what took place in Ukraine during 1917–1922 diverges into very different stories among Ukrainians, Russians, and Jews. By focusing on the example of Avraham Revutsky, a Minister for Jewish Affairs in Ukraine's Directory government, this article suggests that the lines of conflict during those violent years may not have been as clear as they appear now. From Revutsky's previously unknown statement made to Soviet authorities in Berlin in 1922, included in full and translated here, it is possible to glimpse both the complications of Jewish‐Ukrainian‐Soviet relations during the civil war, and how, in the face of the first Soviet show trials, individuals sought to shape the way their wartime actions and motives would be remembered.