bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers Associated with Early Neurological Deterioration Following Acute Stroke
Authors: Martin Alexander J. , Price Christopher I. 
Published: December 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Early neurological deterioration (END) following acute stroke is associated with poorer long-term outcomes. Identification of patients at risk could assist early monitoring and treatment decisions. This review summarised the evidence describing non-radiological biomarkers for END. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Electronic searches from January 1990 to March 2017 identified studies reporting a blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/urine biomarker measurement within 24 h of acute stroke and at least 2 serial assessments of clinical neurological status (&#x3c; 24 h and &#x3c; 7 days). Out of 12,895 citations, 82 studies were included, mostly focusing on ischaemic stroke. Using higher neurological thresholds, the n-weighted END incidence for ischaemic stroke was 11.9% (95% CI 11.4–12.4%) and 18.6% (17.9–19.2%) for lower thresholds. Incidence decreased with advancing study publication year (Pearson r-squared 0.23 and 0.15 for higher and lower threshold studies). After classification into 3 broad categories, meta-analysis showed that biomarkers associated with increased END risk (n; fixed-effects mean difference; 95% CI) were “metabolic” (glucose [<i>n</i> = 9,481; 0.90 mmol/L; 0.74–1.06], glycosylated haemoglobin [<i>n</i> = 3,146; 0.33%; 0.19–0.46], low-density lipoprotein [<i>n</i> = 4,839; 0.13 mmol/L; 0.06–0.21], total cholesterol [<i>n</i> = 4,762; 0.21 mmol/L; 0.11–0.31], triglycerides [<i>n</i> = 4,820; 0.11 mmol/L; 0.06–0.17], urea [<i>n</i> = 1,351; 0.55 mmol/L; 0.14–0.96], decreasing albumin [<i>n</i> = 513; 0.33 g/dL; 0.05–0.61]); “inflammatory and excitotoxic” (plasma glutamate [<i>n</i> = 688; 60.13 µmol/L; 50.04–70.22], CSF glutamate [<i>n</i> = 369; 7.50 µmol/L; 6.76–8.23], homocysteine [<i>n</i> = 824; 2.15 µmol/L; 0.68–3.61], leucocytes [<i>n</i> = 3,766; 0.54 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L; 0.34–0.74], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [<i>n</i> = 1,707; 3.79 mg/L; 1.23–6.35]); and “coagulation/haematological” (fibrinogen [<i>n</i> = 3,132; 0.32 g/L; 0.25–0.40]; decreasing haemoglobin [<i>n</i> = 3,586; 2.38 g/L; 0.15–4.60]). <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Declining incidence of END may represent improving care standards; however, it remains a frequent occurrence. Although statistical associations exist between biomarkers and an increased risk of END, the most promising still need prospective evaluation to determine their additional value relative to baseline radiological and clinical characteristics.
Using Common Features to Investigate Common Growth Cycles for BRICS Countries
Authors: Delalibera Bruno Ricardo , Issler João Victor , Branco Roberto Castello 
Published: December 2018

This paper examines the short and long-term co-movement of large emerging market economies -- the BRICS countries -- by applying the econometric techniques and the tests proposed in the common-feature literature. Despite their dissimilarities, given the rising trade linkages among the BRICS over the last 20 years one should expect their cycles to be synchronized. Our empirical findings fully support this hypothesis. The evidence holds also for the co-movement between the BRICS and developed economies, the US and the Eurozone, which may reflect the effects of globalization.
Overview of the HI-SCALE Field Campaign: A New Perspective on Shallow Convective Clouds
Authors: Fast Jerome D. , Berg Larry K. , Alexander Lizbeth , Bell David , D’Ambro Emma , Hubbe John , Kuang Chongai , Liu Jiumeng , Long Chuck , Matthews Alyssa , Mei Fan , Newsom Rob , Pekour Mikhail , Pinterich Tamara , Schmid Beat , Schobesberger Siegfried , Shilling John , Smith James N. , Springston Stephen , Suski Kaitlyn , Thornton Joel A. , Tomlinson Jason , Wang Jian , Xiao Heng , Zelenyuk Alla 
Published: December 2018

AbstractShallow convective clouds are common, occurring over many areas of the world, and are an important component in the atmospheric radiation budget. In addition to synoptic and mesoscale meteorological conditions, land–atmosphere interactions and aerosol–radiation–cloud interactions can influence the formation of shallow clouds and their properties. These processes exhibit large spatial and temporal variability and occur at the subgrid scale for all current climate, operational forecast, and cloud-system-resolving models; therefore, they must be represented by parameterizations. Uncertainties in shallow cloud parameterization predictions arise from many sources, including insufficient coincident data needed to adequately represent the coupling of cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties with inhomogeneity in the surface-layer, boundary layer, and aerosol properties. Predictions of the transition of shallow to deep convection and the onset of precipitation are also affected by errors in simulated shallow clouds. Coincident data are a key factor needed to achieve a more complete understanding of the life cycle of shallow convective clouds and to develop improved model parameterizations. To address these issues, the Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols and Land Ecosystems (HI-SCALE) campaign was conducted near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site in north-central Oklahoma during the spring and summer of 2016. We describe the scientific objectives of HI-SCALE as well as the experimental approach, overall weather conditions during the campaign, and preliminary findings from the measurements. Finally, we discuss scientific gaps in our understanding of shallow clouds that can be addressed by analysis and modeling studies that use HI-SCALE data.
Stability Criterion for the Centrifugal Instability of Surface Intensified Anticyclones
Authors: Yim Eunok , Stegner Alexandre , Billant Paul 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the linear stability of intense baroclinic anticyclones, with a particular focus on the centrifugal (inertial) instability. Various vertical and radial velocity profiles are studied. The vertical profiles are such that the velocity is maximum at the surface. These profiles correspond to oceanic eddies such as submesoscale mixed-layer eddies or intense mesoscale eddies in the upper thermocline. The results show that the main characteristics of the centrifugal instability (growth rate, vertical wavelength) depend weakly on the baroclinic structure of the anticyclone. The dominant azimuthal wavenumber is for small Burger number (Bu) and for higher Bu, where Bu is the square root of the ratio of the deformation radius over the characteristic eddy radius where the velocity is maximum. The marginal stability limits of the centrifugal instability for the different velocity profiles collapse approximately on a single curve in the parameter space (Ro, Bu), where is the Rossby number, with being the maximum velocity. By means of an asymptotic analysis for short vertical wavelength, an explicit prediction for the marginal stability limit is derived for a wide range of velocity profiles. We then suggest to use, for most of oceanic anticyclones, the instability criterion valid for a Gaussian eddy: where is the Ekman number, H is the eddy depth, and ν is the turbulent viscosity at the ocean surface. Some baroclinic anticyclones can remain stable even if they have a core region of negative absolute vorticity provided that they are small enough. This formula explains the few observations of intense anticyclonic eddies having a negative core vorticity around .
A New Perspective toward Cataloging Northern Hemisphere Rossby Wave Breaking on the Dynamic Tropopause
Authors: Bowley Kevin A. , Gyakum John R. , Atallah Eyad H. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Rossby wave breaking (RWB) events are a common feature on the dynamic tropopause and act to modulate synoptic-scale jet dynamics. These events are characterized on the dynamic tropopause by an irreversible overturning of isentropes and are coupled to troposphere-deep vertical motions and geopotential height anomalies. Prior climatologies have focused on the poleward streamer, the equatorward streamer, or the reversal in potential temperature gradient between the streamers, resulting in differences in the frequencies of RWB. Here, a new approach toward cataloging these events that captures both streamers is applied to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis-2 dataset for 1979–2011. Anticyclonic RWB (AWB) events are found to be nearly twice as frequent as cyclonic RWB (CWB) events. Seasonal decompositions of the annual mean find AWB to be most common in summer (40% occurrence), which is likely due to the Asian monsoon, while CWB is most frequent in winter (22.5%) and is likely due to the equatorward shift in mean baroclinicity. Trends in RWB from 1980 to 2010 illustrate a westward shift in North Pacific AWB during winter and summer (up to 0.4% yr−1), while CWB in the North Pacific increases in winter and spring (up to 0.2% yr−1). These changes are hypothesized to be associated with localized changes in the two-way interaction between the jet and RWB. The interannual variability of AWB and CWB is also explored, and a notable modality to the frequency of RWB is found that may be attributable to known low-frequency modes of variability including the Arctic Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the Pacific–North American pattern.
The Representation of the South Pacific Convergence Zone in the Twentieth Century Reanalysis
Authors: Harvey Thomas , Renwick James A. , Lorrey Andrew M. , Ngari Arona 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) is the largest rainfall feature in the Southern Hemisphere, and is a critical component of the climate for South Pacific island nations and territories. The small size and isolated nature of these islands leaves them vulnerable to short- and long-term changes in the position of the SPCZ. Its position and strength is strongly modulated by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), leading to large interannual variability in rainfall across the southwest Pacific including seasonal droughts and pluvials. Currently much of the analysis about SPCZ activity has been restricted to the satellite observation period starting in 1979. Here, the representation of the SPCZ in the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR), which is a three-dimensional atmospheric reconstruction based only on surface observations, is discussed for the period since 1908. The performance of two versions of the 20CR (version 2 and version 2c) in the satellite era is compared with other reanalyses and climate observation products. The 20CR performs well in the satellite era. Extra surface observations spanning the SPCZ region from the longitude of the Cook Islands has improved the representation of the SPCZ during 1908–57 between 20CRv2 and 20CRv2c. The well-established relationship with ENSO is observed in both the representation of mean SPCZ position and intensity, and this relationship remains consistent through the entire 1908–2011 period. This suggests that the ENSO–SPCZ relationship has remained similar over the course of the past century, and gives further evidence that 20CRv2c performs well back to 1908 over the southwest Pacific region.
High-intensity interval training in people with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Harvey Marguerite , Weston Kathryn L , Gray William K , O’Callaghan Ailish , Oates Lloyd L , Davidson Richard , Walker Richard W 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: To investigate whether people with Parkinson’s disease can exercise at a high-intensity across a 12-week intervention and to assess the impact of the intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness. Design: This is a randomized, controlled, feasibility study with waiting list control. Assessors were blinded to group allocation. Setting: The intervention took place at an exercise centre and assessments at a district general hospital. Subjects: This study included 20 people with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Intervention: A total of 36 exercise sessions over 12 weeks, with each session lasting ~45 minutes, were conducted. Main measures: The main measures were maximal heart rates achieved during exercise, recruitment rate, attendance, drop-out, change in peak oxygen consumption, cardiac output, cognitive function and quality of life. The study was considered technically feasible if participants achieved ⩾85% of maximal heart rate during exercise. Results: There were 12 male and 8 female participants; they had a mean age of 68.5 years (standard deviation 6.825). Two participants were of Hoehn and Yahr stage I, 11 stage II and 7 stage III. In all, 17 participants completed the intervention. The median (interquartile range) proportion of repetitions delivered across the intervention which met our high-intensity criterion was 80% (67% to 84%). Mean peak heart rate was 88.8% of maximal. Peak oxygen consumption increased by 2.8 mL kg−1 min−1 in the intervention group and 1.5 mL kg−1 min−1 in the control group after 12 weeks of exercise. We estimate that a fully powered randomized controlled trial would require 30 participants per group. Conclusion: High-intensity interval exercise is feasible in people with Parkinson’s disease. Improvements in cardiorespiratory function are promising.
Using sedative substances until death: A mortality follow-back study on the role of healthcare settings
Authors: Ziegler Sarah , Schmid Margareta , Bopp Matthias , Bosshard Georg , Puhan Milo Alan 
Published: December 2018

Background: In the last decade, the use of sedative substances to keep a patient in deep sedation until death increased fourfold in German-speaking Switzerland, where every third patient admitted to hospital, palliative care unit or hospice died continuously deeply sedated. Aim: To investigate sedation practices across healthcare settings and to identify their associations with conventional symptom control. Design: National mortality follow-back study in Switzerland between 2013 and 2014. Questionnaires on medical end-of-life decisions were sent to attending physicians of a continuous random sample of all registered deaths aged 1 year or older. Setting/participants: Of all sampled deaths, 3678 individuals who died non-suddenly and not through an external cause were included. Results: Across settings, continuous deep sedation appeared more likely in patients aged younger than 65 years (odds ratio range: 1.53–2.34) and as part of or after intensified alleviation of pain and symptoms (odds ratio range: 1.90–10.27). In hospitals, sedation was less likely for cancer patients (odds ratio: 0.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.5–1.0, p = 0.022). In nursing homes, sedation was more likely for people who were married (odds ratio: 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3–2.5, p = 0.001). Conclusion: In all settings, sedated patients have significantly more pain problems compared to patients not receiving sedation. Large differences between settings seem to indicate different patient populations, different levels of professionals’ palliative care experience and different availability of treatment options. Our study suggests that certain patient groups who may be as vulnerable to refractory pain and symptoms as others are less likely to receive continuous deep sedation until death when warranted.
Developing Leadership Competencies for STEM Fields: The Case of Purdue Polytechnic Leadership Academy
Authors: Akdere Mesut , Hickman Louis , Kirchner Michael 
Published: December 2018

The Problem Employers view today’s science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) program graduates as deficient in interpersonal skills that are essential for team and organizational performance. However, STEM programs continue to effectively engage in interpersonal skills development in college level, instead placing the responsibility of such development on employers. The Solution A competency modeling framework should inform the design of such education programs, and this article describes such a framework and an educational program that used the framework to identify needed interpersonal skills and successfully develop them in STEM students. The framework will help HRD (human resource development) professionals take an active role in identifying the competencies needed for STEM program graduate success. The Stakeholders The article provides HRD academics with a framework to identify competencies needed for workplace success in a given academic field. As education programs such as described here are developed, STEM organizations may receive workers who are more productive and less in need of leadership development expenditure.
Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Steinmetz Raymond G , Maupin Jeremiah J , Smith Joel N , White Christopher B 
Published: December 2018

Objective To report a case series of three patients with septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint and a review of the literature for this condition. Additionally, we developed an algorithm for diagnosing and treating septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint. Methods A retrospective review of patients treated at our institution for septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint during the collection period was performed and three cases were identified. A review of the English literature on this rare condition was also performed with only 28 cases being identified. Results A series of three consecutive patients were treated for septic acromioclavicular arthritis with resolution of the infection. Two patients underwent open surgical debridement and one underwent aspiration. All patients were treated with a minimum of six weeks of tailored intravenous antibiotic therapy. Conclusion Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint can be difficult to diagnose and requires a high index of suspicion. Surgical debridement, open or arthroscopic, with tailored antibiotic therapy is an effective means for the management of septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint. In patients who are unable to have surgical debridement, aspiration and tailored antibiotics have been shown to be effective.
Direct modulation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell compartment by azacitidine enhances healthy hematopoiesis
Authors: Wenk Catharina , Garz Anne-Kathrin , Grath Sonja , Huberle Christina , Witham Denis , Weickert Marie , Malinverni Roberto , Niggemeyer Julia , Kyncl Michèle , Hecker Judith , Pagel Charlotta , Mulholland Christopher B. , Müller-Thomas Catharina , Leonhardt Heinrich , Bassermann Florian , Oostendorp Robert A. J. , Metzeler Klaus H. , Buschbeck Marcus , Götze Katharina S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are crucial components of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment essential for regulating self-renewal, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the stem cell niche. MSCs are functionally altered in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and exhibit an altered methylome compared with MSCs from healthy controls, thus contributing to disease progression. To determine whether MSCs are amenable to epigenetic therapy and if this affects their function, we examined growth, differentiation, and HSPC-supporting capacity of ex vivo–expanded MSCs from MDS patients in comparison with age-matched healthy controls after direct treatment in vitro with the hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA). Strikingly, we find that AZA exerts a direct effect on healthy as well as MDS-derived MSCs such that they favor support of healthy over malignant clonal HSPC expansion in coculture experiments. RNA-sequencing analyses of MSCs identified stromal networks regulated by AZA. Notably, these comprise distinct molecular pathways crucial for HSPC support, foremost extracellular matrix molecules (including collagens) and interferon pathway components. Our study demonstrates that the hypomethylating agent AZA exerts its antileukemic activity in part through a direct effect on the HSPC-supporting BM niche and provides proof of concept for the therapeutic potential of epigenetic treatment of diseased MSCs. In addition, our comprehensive data set of AZA-sensitive gene networks represents a valuable framework to guide future development of targeted epigenetic niche therapy in myeloid malignancies such as MDS and acute myeloid leukemia.
Neurocritical Care Coding for Neurologists
Authors: Nuwer Marc R. , Vespa Paul M. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Coding specifies the work performed when providing patient care. Critical care services mostly use code 99291, and other codes specify additional time and procedures. Current Procedural Terminology defines critically ill as “a high probability of imminent or life-threatening deterioration in the patient’s condition,” a condition necessary for use of the critical care code. A patient may be critically ill for neurologic reasons even when stable from a cardiorespiratory status. Rules govern who can use these codes, whether they can be used by more than one physician, the locations where the code may be used, and what services are included and excluded. Physicians need to document the medical necessity of visits and nature of critical illness or high-risk medical decision making because auditors may not understand the nature of serious neurologic illness.
História, Direito e Literatura: uma triangulação em prol do Constitucionalismo
Authors: Karam Henriete , Alcântara Guilherme Gonçalves 
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo, de viés interdisciplinar, tem como objetivo examinar os modos de incorporação da literatura aos estudos historiográfi cos do direito, particularmente no que diz respeito à esfera do direito constitucional. Partindo do pressuposto de que história e direito sempre estiveram próximos – embora tal proximidade não seja comumente reconhecida –, defende-se que a interlocução da historiografi a do direito com a literatura constitui uma via imprescindível para superar impasses e avançar na construção de uma cultura constitucional adequada à modernidade tardia brasileira. Para tanto, são examinadas, mediante pesquisa bibliográfi ca, as intersecções entre história e literatura, bem como entre direito e literatura, com ênfase na posição-limite que a literatura ocupa no âmbito da hermenêutica filosófica, marco teórico que viabiliza o diálogo das três disciplinas, possibilitando à triangulação história-direito-literatura contribuir para a renovação da história constitucional e, consequentemente, para a construção de uma cultura constitucional no Brasil. Conclui-se identifi cando três eixos de estudo a partir da triangulação proposta, os quais se caracterizam: (1) pelo emprego de conceitos e de metodologias oriundas da teoria literária no exame dos textos de história do direito, abordando seu caráter inexoravelmente narrativo; (2) pela proposta de reformulação da metáfora da integridade do direito como romance histórico em cadeia, que favoreceria sua aplicação no contexto da civil law; e (3) pela abordagem da história constitucional por meio de narrativas literárias, em contraposição ao levantamento e à análise apenas de textos especifi camente jurídicos.
HISTÓRIA FEMINISTA, GENEALOGÍAS QUEER
Authors: Navarro Pablo Pérez 
Published: December 2018

Não existe uma trajetória histórica capaz de explicar, por si só, o surgimento de teorias queer no início dos anos noventa. Suas possíveis genealogias se estendem em múltiplas direções, dentro e fora dos limites da filosofia pós-estruturalista, dos estudos gays e lésbicos e, é claro, dos muros da academia. Apesar desta certeza, este artigo oferece uma genealogia, entre muitas possíveis, da crítica queer como um processo de fragmentação e proliferação de lutas e posições subjetivas, nas margens da política de identidade enraizada na história do pensamento e das políticas feministas.