bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alfred J. Kohlberg and the Chaoshan embroidered handkerchief industry, 1922-1957
Authors: Leahy Stephen M. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This scholarly work aims to investigate the business career of Alfred J. Kohlberg, an American importer of hand-embroidered handkerchiefs in 1922-1957.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses archival resources from the National Archives, the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, the Hoover Institution Archives, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Custom Courts records, Japanese Government records and other government documents.

Findings
Scholars have focused on how Kohlberg’s political activities paved the way for McCarthyism. The sources of his vast wealth have not received attention. Kohlberg parlayed a 1922 trip to Asia into a highly lucrative importing business specializing in Chinese napery. By 1930, he mostly imported hand-embroidered handkerchiefs for sale in upscale American department stores. He employed as many 12,000 people in his Shantou godown and contracted for the employment of at least 100,000 embroiderers and perhaps many hundreds of thousands more. Despite American Government policy and the wishes of other importers, Japanese occupation authority documents show that Kohlberg negotiated a bribe to keep the port open. This paper concludes that Kohlberg’s business reflected traditional Chinese business organization. While he stressed his patriotic activities during the Second World War, Kohlberg promoted his business interest over the national interest. Finally, the Chaoshan Region prospered by providing the modern world with traditional hand-produced goods.

Research limitations/implications
This work explains how the Chaoshan Region functioned in the global economy. It calls for a deeper examination of this entire industry in China and around the world.

Originality/value
This work uses documents from multiple archives, including Japan and the USA. It also includes declassified documents from the Federal Bureau Investigation. This work constitutes a template for international business history.
External Determinants of Veterans’ Utilization ofVAHealth Care
Authors: Hanchate Amresh D. , Frakt Austin B. , Kressin Nancy R. , Trivedi Amal , Linsky Amy , Abdulkerim Hassen , Stolzmann Kelly L. , Mohr David C. , Pizer Steven D. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveVeterans’ utilization of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care is likely influenced by community factors external to theVA, including Medicaid eligibility and unemployment, although such factors are rarely considered in models predicting such utilization. We measured the sensitivity ofVAutilization to changes in such community factors (hereafter, “external determinants”), including the 2014 Medicaid expansion following the Affordable Care Act.Data Sources/Study SettingWe mergedVAhealth care enrollment and utilization data with area‐level data on Medicaid policy, unemployment, employer‐sponsored insurance, housing prices, and non‐VAphysician availability (2008–2014).Study DesignFor veterans aged 18–64 and ≥65, we estimated the sensitivity of annual individualVAhealth care utilization, measured by the cost ($) of care received, to changes in external determinants using longitudinal regression models controlling for individual fixed effects.Principal FindingsAll external determinants were associated with small but significant changes inVAhealth care utilization. In states that expanded Medicaid in 2014, this expansion was associated with 9.1 percent ($826 million) reduction inVAutilization among those aged 18–64; sizable changes occurred in all services used (inpatient, outpatient, and prescription drugs).ConclusionsChanges in alternative insurance coverage and other external determinants may affectVAhealth care spending. Policy makers should consider these factors in allocatingVAresources to meet local demand.
Petitions, Economic Legislation and Interest Groups in Britain, 1660–1800
Authors: Hoppit Julian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBetween 1660 and 1800, over 14,000 acts were passed at Westminster, with over a half of them directed at economic matters. Yet parliament was eager to ensure that proposed legislation had been duly considered. A key feature of this were the many thousands of petitions it received, mainly from interest groups, both for and against legislation, proposed and enacted. By systematically exploring the details of nine parliamentary sessions across the period, this essay considers the characteristics of petitions submitted to parliament regarding economic legislation. Controversies between petitioning groups overwhelmingly concerned economic matters, with many of the groups being constituted for the purpose. In this way, interest groups were usually much more important than parties in parliament. Two case studies show how such interests cohered and operated in practice.
From Estate under Pressure to Spiritual Pressure Group: The Bishops and Parliament
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Huzzey Richard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis essay traces the mutating place of the anglican bishops within the house of lords to explore revolutionary changes in the relationship between religion, parliament and political pressure from the late 17th to the 20th centuries. After the Restoration, the lords spiritual reoccupied a contested position in the upper chamber as representatives of the clerical estate of the realm. During the 18th century, they began to act as representatives of the church's lay and clerical members. In the 19th century, they made a strong target for thwarted reformers and nonconformist pressure groups which resented the privileged place of these appointed legislators. However, by the 20th century we can detect an inclusive role for the bishops as conduits of spiritual pressure and ecumenical concerns in a legislature which might otherwise neglect those anxieties. These contortions, then, exemplify changing patterns of parliamentary pressure and the place of religion in politics. The essay concludes that the bishops’ evolving role demonstrates the permeability of legislative deliberations, where clerical legislators might claim a role as channels for extraparliamentary pressure and under‐represented interests rather than the continuing supremacy of the state church.
Assessment of Intra‐Aortic Counterpulsation in an Animal Model of Heart Failure and Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Wray Sandra , Lascano Elena , Negroni Jorge , Cabrera Fischer Edmundo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effectiveness of intra‐aortic balloon pumping (IABP) is currently evaluated using indirect indexes. The diastolic pressure augmentation is quantified using the subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) and the DABAC/SABAC index (areas beneath the aortic pressure–time signals during the diastolic and systolic periods, respectively). The SEVR requires invasive recordings of left ventricular pressure; the DABAC/SABAC index may represent an alternative, since it only requires an aortic pressure signal. Nonetheless, it has never been used in an animal model of counterpulsated heart failure and ischemia‐reperfusion episode. The aims of this work were: (i) to develop an animal model of heart failure, with a myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion episode, treated with IABP during the reperfusion period; (ii) to evaluate the effects of the IABP using the SEVR and DABAC/SABAC indices; and (iii) to assess the relationship between both ratios. Cardiovascular parameters were obtained in anesthetized sheep, in which induced heart failure and ischemia‐reperfusion episodes were monitored with and without IABP 1:2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure signals were assessed in the aorta and in the left ventricle. Values of cardiac output and left ventricular wall thickness signals were obtained. Induction of ischemia and heart failure determined decreases in SEVR and DABAC/SABAC indices with respect to their basal stage (0.807 ± 0.118 vs. 0.601 ± 0.107, P < 0.05 and 1.062 ± 0.136 vs. 0.902 ± 0.161, P < 0.05, respectively). Counterpulsated animals whose myocardial reperfusion was accompanied by heart failure showed a significant improvement of wall thickening fraction along time (R2 = 0.7627, P < 0.001). During counterpulsated heart failure accompanied by myocardial reperfusion, the SEVR was positively correlated with DABAC/SABAC index.
Real‐world clinical, endoscopic and radiographic efficacy of vedolizumab for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kotze Paulo G. , Ma Christopher , Almutairdi Abdulelah , Al‐Darmaki Ahmed , Devlin Shane M. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Seow Cynthia H. , Novak Kerri L. , Lu Cathy , Ferraz Jose G. P. , Stewart Michael J. , Buresi Michelle , Jijon Humberto , Mathivanan Meena , Heatherington Joan , Martin Marie‐Louise , Panaccione Remo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundVedolizumab is an α4β7 integrin antagonist with proven efficacy for inducing and maintaining clinical response and remission in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).AimTo evaluate clinical and objective response and remission rates with vedolizumab in a large, real world cohort.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of adult CD and UC patients receiving vedolizumab between 2012 and 2017 was conducted. Primary outcome: clinical or objective response and remission at 3, 6 and 12 months after induction. Clinical remission was defined by complete, steroid‐free absence of symptoms. Objective remission was defined by endoscopic mucosal healing or normalisation of radiographic appearance on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound or CT/MR enterography.ResultsThe study included 222 vedolizumab patients (122 CD, 100 UC). In CD, clinical remission at 3, 6 and 12 months was achieved in 19.8% (22/111), 22.1% (21/95) and 22.1% (15/68) of patients, respectively. Objective remission occurred in 11.5% (6/52), 21.2% (14/66), and 18.9% (7/37) of patients at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. In UC, clinical remission at 3, 6, and 12 months was 51.0% (51/100), 61.8% (55/89) and 61.9% (39/63), respectively. Endoscopic remission occurred in 27.5% (11/40), 41.0% (16/39) and 47.8% (22/46) of patients at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. In multivariable analysis, patients with UC as compared to CD, and those with milder disease activity were more likely to achieve objectively defined remission at both 6 and 12 months.ConclusionsVedolizumab was effective for induction and maintenance of clinical and objective remission, both in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Late Triassic tectonic inversion in the upper Yangtze Block: Insights from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology from south‐western Sichuan Basin
Authors: Yan Zhaokun , Tian Yuntao , Li Rui , Vermeesch Pieter , Sun Xilin , Li Yong , Rittner Martin , Carter Andrew , Shao Chongjian , Huang Hu , Ji Xiangtian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Sichuan Basin and the Songpan‐Ganze terrane, separated by the Longmen Shan fold‐and‐thrust belt (the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau), are two main Triassic depositional centres, south of the Qinling‐Dabie orogen. During the Middle–Late Triassic closure of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, the Sichuan Basin region, located at the western margin of the Yangtze Block, transitioned from a passive continental margin into a foreland basin. In the meantime, the Songpan‐Granze terrane evolved from a marine turbidite basin into a fold‐and‐thrust belt. To understand if and how the regional sediment routing system adjusted to these tectonic changes, we monitored sediment provenance primarily by using detrital zircon U‐Pb analyses of representative stratigraphic samples from the south‐western edge of the Sichuan Basin. Integration of the results with paleocurrent, sandstone petrology and published detrital zircon data from other parts of the basin identified a marked change in provenance. Early–Middle Triassic samples were dominated by Neoproterozoic (~700–900 Ma) zircons sourced mainly from the northern Kangdian basement, whereas Late Triassic sandstones that contain a more diverse range of zircon ages sourced from the Qinling, Longmen Shan and Songpan‐Ganze terrane. This change reflects a major drainage adjustment in response to the Late Triassic closure of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean and significant shortening in the Longmen Shan thrust belt and the eastern Songpan‐Ganze terrane. Furthermore, by Late Triassic time, the uplifted northern Kangdian basement had subsided. Considering the eastward paleocurrent and depocenter geometry of the Upper Triassic deposits, subsidence of the northern Kangdian basement probably resulted from eastward shortening and loading of the Songpan‐Ganze terrane over the western margin of the Yangtze Block in response to the Late Triassic collision among Yangtze Block, Yidun arc and Qiangtang terrane along the Ganze‐Litang and Jinshajiang sutures.
When Extremists Win: Cultural Transmission Via Iterated Learning When Populations Are Heterogeneous
Authors: Navarro Danielle J. , Perfors Andrew , Kary Arthur , Brown Scott D. , Donkin Chris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHow does the process of information transmission affect the cultural or linguistic products that emerge? This question is often studied experimentally and computationally via iterated learning, a procedure in which participants learn from previous participants in a chain. Iterated learning is a powerful tool because, when all participants share the same priors, the stationary distributions of the iterated learning chains reveal those priors. In many situations, however, it is unreasonable to assume that all participants share the same prior beliefs. We present four simulation studies and one experiment demonstrating that when the population of learners is heterogeneous, the behavior of an iterated learning chain can be unpredictable and is often systematically distorted by the learners with the most extreme biases. This results in group‐level outcomes that reflect neither the behavior of any individuals within the population nor the overall population average. We discuss implications for the use of iterated learning as a methodological tool as well as for the processes that might have shaped cultural and linguistic evolution in the real world.
Urbanization versus other land use: Diverging effects on dragonfly communities in Germany
Authors: Goertzen Diana , Suhling Frank 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimLand use change, such as urbanization and intensification of agricultural practices, poses major threats for biodiversity. We examined whether the composition of freshwater species differs between landscapes dominated by urban, agricultural or more natural structures in a region with a long history of landscape transformation. We determined the differences and characteristics of the dragonfly fauna in relation to major land use categories. We particularly focused on urban land use, as it generally induces a high level of landscape transformation.LocationGermany.MethodsWe used distribution data of dragonflies derived from a citizen science database, which was compiled for the German distribution atlas. To analyse whether different land use categories are associated with distinct species compositions, we performed the classification method random forest.ResultsBased on dragonfly abundance per grid cell, we identified distinct land use‐related assemblages that were separated by two gradients, that is, the level of transformation and a gradient from open land to forest. In particular, urban landscapes possessed a distinct species composition with specific species, all of which were opportunistic and supported by warm climate. They also comprised significantly higher α‐diversity than intensive agricultural landscapes. Similar values of γ‐diversity over all land use categories implied a countrywide homogenized dragonfly fauna, which is probably caused by historic land use.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that land use is a relevant driver for the composition of freshwater species at the landscape scale. Urban landscapes maintain species diversity better than agricultural landscapes, but they modify the species composition. Additional research on the effects of land use change is required to understand species responses and predict future distributions in a changing world in order to plan sustainable conservation strategies.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of postpolypectomy colonoscopy surveillance using Japanese data
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Igarashi Ataru , Sakamoto Taku , Saito Yutaka , Esaki Minoru , Matsuda Takahisa 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveRecommendations vary on postpolypectomy surveillance, and no consensus has been reached even regarding the necessity of risk stratification based on polyp characteristics for surveillance. We examined an optimal postpolypectomy surveillance program by performing a cost‐effectiveness analysis.MethodsWe performed a Markov model analysis using parameters based on Japanese data and evaluated four postpolypectomy surveillance programs with respect to their effectiveness in terms of quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), cost‐effectiveness and required number of colonoscopies. Two were non‐risk‐stratified programs with 1‐year (program 1) and 3‐year (program 2) postpolypectomy surveillance colonoscopy, and the other two were risk‐stratified programs. In program 3, surveillance colonoscopy was performed 3, 10 and 10 years after resection of advanced adenomas, low‐risk adenomatous polyps, and no polyps, respectively. In program 4, those intervals were shortened to 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively.ResultsRisk‐stratified programs (3 and 4) yielded higher QALYs with lower costs than non‐risk‐stratified programs (1 and 2). Program 4 yielded higher QALYs (23.046) and lower required cost (107,717 JPY) than program 3. The required number of colonoscopies for program 4 was 1.2, 1.5 and 1.6 times that for programs 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of program 4 being chosen as the most cost‐effective was highest.ConclusionsAfter polypectomy, risk‐stratified colonoscopy surveillance based on the polyp characteristics should be considered. A risk‐stratified program with relatively short examination intervals could be effective and cost‐effective in Japan, although further investigation and consideration of colonoscopy capacity are required.
3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) prevents high fat diet‐induced insulin resistance via maintenance of hepatic lipid homeostasis
Authors: Mohan Haneesha , Brandt Sydney L. , Kim Ja Hyun , Wong Frances , Lai Mi , Prentice Kacey J. , Al Rijjal Dana , Magomedova Lilia , Batchuluun Battsetseg , Burdett Elena , Bhattacharjee Alpana , Cummins Carolyn L. , Belsham Denise D. , Cox Brian , Liu Ying , Wheeler Michael B. 
Published: July 2018

AimOmega‐3 fatty acid ethyl ester supplements, available by prescription, are common in the treatment of dyslipidaemia in humans. Recent studies show that 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid (CMPF), a metabolite formed from fish oil supplementation, was able to prevent and reverse high fat diet (HFD)‐induced fatty liver in mice. In the present study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for CMPF's hepatic lipid‐lowering effects.Materials and MethodsCD1 male mice were i.p. injected with CMPF (dosage, 6 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by 5 weeks of a 60% HFD to induce a fatty liver phenotype. Metabolic parameters, liver morphology, lipid content, protein expression and microarray analysis were assessed. We also utilized primary hepatocytes, an in vitro model, to further investigate the direct effects of CMPF on hepatic lipid utilization and biosynthesis.ResultsCMPF‐treated mice display enhanced hepatic lipid clearance while hepatic lipid storage is prevented, thereby protecting against liver lipid accumulation and development of HFD‐induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mechanistically, as CMPF enters the liver, it acts as an allosteric acetyl‐coA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor, which directly induces both fatty acid oxidation and hepatic production of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). A feed‐back loop is initiated by CMPF, which exists between ACC inhibition, fatty acid oxidation and production of FGF21. As a consequence, an adaptive decrease in Insig2/SREBP‐1c/FAS protein expression results in priming of the liver to prevent a HFD‐induced fatty liver phenotype.ConclusionCMPF is a potential driver of hepatic lipid metabolism, preventing diet‐induced hepatic lipid deposition and insulin resistance in the long term.
Occurrence of subsurface lateral flow in the Shale Hills Catchment indicated by a soil water mass balance method
Authors: Guo L. , Fan B. , Zhang J. , Lin H. 
Published: July 2018

Subsurface lateral flow (SLF) contributes substantially to hillslope runoff. However, because of the lack of appropriate methods, field investigation of SLF at the hillslope and catchment scales has been limited. Recently, high‐frequency soil moisture monitoring has been tested to characterize SLF. This study presented a simple approach to determine SLF based on soil water mass balance and compared this method with an established approach that used the depth‐specific soil moisture response time to precipitation to identify preferential flow. The new method defined the occurrence of SLF when the increase in soil water storage was greater than the accumulated quantity of effective precipitation during a rain event. We applied this method to a 10‐minute resolution soil moisture dataset collected over 3 years from nine soil profiles along a concave hillslope. We found that (i) SLF frequency derived by the proposed method matched well with preferential flow frequency obtained by the established method (r > 0.9), (ii) precipitation and initial soil wetness together controlled the generation of SLF, precipitation intensity determined whether or not the hillslope produced SLF and the quantity of precipitation governed the spatial extent of SLF, and (iii) topographic and small‐scale soil features led to spatially different frequencies of SLF during small storms. Identifying SLF from a soil moisture time series over an entire rain event complements the established method based on soil moisture dynamics at the beginning of an event. Applying both methods creates the potential to measure SLF frequency and vertical preferential flow frequency, respectively. Soil moisture sensor networks have improved the large‐scale investigation of such preferential flows.Highlights
How can the occurrence of subsurface lateral flow (SLF) be detected by soil moisture time series?
A simple approach is proposed to detect SLF in a forested hillslope using soil water mass balance.
Three‐year SLF frequency obtained by the new method agreed with that from an established method.
Rain, topography and soil attributes control the generation and spatial distribution of SLF.
An in situ probe‐spacing‐correction thermo‐TDR sensor to measure soil water content accurately
Authors: Wen M. M. , Liu G. , Horton R. , Noborio K. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTo reduce the possibility of probe deflections, conventional thermo‐time domain reflectometry (T‐TDR) sensors have relatively short probe lengths (≤4 cm). However, short probes lead to large errors in TDR‐estimated soil water content (θv). In this study, two new 6‐cm‐long probe‐spacing‐correction T‐TDR (CT‐TDR) sensors were investigated. Compared with conventional 4‐cm‐long T‐TDR sensors, the 6‐cm‐long CT‐TDR sensors reduced errors in TDR‐estimated θv. Errors in heat pulse (HP)‐estimated θv because of probe deflections were reduced when linear or nonlinear probe‐spacing‐correction algorithms were implemented. The 6‐cm‐long CT‐TDR sensors provided more accurate θv estimations than do the conventional 4‐cm‐long T‐TDR sensors.Highlights
Short thermo‐TDR sensor has shortcomings in determining soil water content.
Changes in thermo‐TDR probe spacing caused by deflections can be determined in situ.
Correcting changed thermo‐TDR probe spacing determined soil water content accurately.
The 6‐cm‐long thermo‐TDR sensors determined soil water content more accurately than 4‐cm‐long sensors.