bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating the Alternative DSM-5 Criteria for Personality Disorders
Authors: Ozamiz-Etxebarria Naiara , Ortiz-Jauregi Miren Agurtzane , Escobar Javier I. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In 2010, the Working Group of Personality and Personality Disorders of the DSM-5 task force proposed a thorough diagnostic reformulation of the category of personality disorders. After debates and negotiations, these alternative criteria ended in Section III of the DSM-5 manual (diagnoses in need of further testing). We tested these alternative criteria in a sample of Basque-speaking patients from the Basque region of Spain who had clinical diagnoses of personality disorder, using instruments that had been developed and used as part of the DSM-5 field trials in the United States for assessing the proposed new diagnostic category. All study instruments were translated and adapted for use in the Basque language. Interviews were done twice (time 1 and time 2) and were scheduled at least 1 month apart to assess test-retest reliability. The results demonstrated that the DSM-5 alternative criteria worked well in this clinical sample, with highly satisfactory levels of reliability being attained and a good level of clinician's satisfaction related to the use of the new criteria. The alternative criteria in personality disorders seemed to work well in this European sample with unique linguistic features.
Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development
Authors: Hayden Frederick G. , Shindo Nahoko 
Published: February 2019

Purpose of review
We review antivirals inhibiting subunits of the influenza polymerase complex that are advancing in clinical development.

Recent findings
Favipiravir, pimodivir, and baloxavir are inhibitory in preclinical models for influenza A viruses, including pandemic threat viruses and those resistant to currently approved antivirals, and two (favipiravir and baloxavir) also inhibit influenza B viruses. All are orally administered, although the dosing regimens vary. The polymerase basic protein 1 transcriptase inhibitor favipiravir has shown inconsistent clinical effects in uncomplicated influenza, and is teratogenic effects in multiple species, contraindicating its use in pregnancy. The polymerase basic protein 2 cap-binding inhibitor pimodivir displays antiviral effects alone and in combination with oseltamivir in uncomplicated influenza, although variants with reduced susceptibility emerge frequently during monotherapy. Single doses of the polymerase acidic protein cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir are effective in alleviating symptoms and rapidly inhibiting viral replication in otherwise healthy and higher risk patients with acute influenza, although variants with reduced susceptibility emerge frequently during monotherapy. Combinations of newer polymerase inhibitors with neuraminidase inhibitors show synergy in preclinical models and are currently undergoing clinical testing in hospitalized patients.

Summary
These new polymerase inhibitors promise to add to the clinical management options and overall control strategies for influenza virus infections.
Body Composition Is Associated With Physical Performance in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Davis Hope C. , Blue Malia N. M. , Hirsch Katie R. , Luc-Harkey Brittney A. , Anderson Kara C. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Pietrosimone Brian 
Published: February 2019

Background/Objective
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine associations between body composition, self-reported function, and physical performance after accounting for body mass index (BMI) in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods
Percent fat and lean mass were evaluated using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Self-reported function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] function subscale) and physical performance (20-m walk, chair stand, and stair climb) were collected on 46 adults (30% male; BMI, 29.6 ± 3.8 kg/m2) with radiographically defined knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2–4). Linear regressions determined the unique association between WOMAC and physical performance explained individually by percent fat and lean mass (∆R
1) after accounting for BMI.

Results
Lower percent fat mass significantly associated with better physical performance after accounting for BMI (20-m walk: ∆R
2 = 0.10, p = 0.03; chair stand: ∆R
2 = 0.16, p = 0.01; stair climb: ∆R
2 = 0.11, p = 0.03). Higher percent lean mass significantly associated with better chair stand (∆R
2 = 0.09, p = 0.04) but not 20-m walk or stair climb (∆R
2 range, 0.04–0.07, p > 0.05). After accounting for BMI, neither percent fat nor lean mass associated with WOMAC. Body mass index did not significantly associate with WOMAC or physical performance.

Conclusions
Lower percent fat and higher percent lean mass associated with better physical performance after accounting for BMI. Body composition and BMI may be used together in the future to more comprehensively understand the association between obesity and disability.
The Impact of Echo Time Shifts and Temporal Signal Fluctuations on BOLD Sensitivity in Presurgical Planning at 7 T
Authors: Dymerska Barbara , De Lima Cardoso Pedro , Bachrata Beata , Fischmeister Florian , Matt Eva , Beisteiner Roland , Trattnig Siegfried , Robinson Simon Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Objectives
Gradients in the static magnetic field caused by tissues with differing magnetic susceptibilities lead to regional variations in the effective echo time, which modifies both image signal and BOLD sensitivity. Local echo time changes are not considered in the most commonly used metric for BOLD sensitivity, temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR), but may be significant, particularly at ultrahigh field close to air cavities (such as the sinuses and ear canals) and near gross brain pathologies and postoperative sites.

Materials and Methods
We have studied the effect of local variations in echo time and tSNR on BOLD sensitivity in 3 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with tumors, postoperative cavities, and venous malformations at 7 T. Temporal signal-to-noise ratio was estimated from a 5-minute run of resting state echo planar imaging with a nominal echo time of 22 milliseconds. Maps of local echo time were derived from the phase of a multiecho GE scan. One healthy volunteer performed 10 runs of a breath-hold task. The t-map from this experiment served as a criterion standard BOLD sensitivity measure. Two runs of a less demanding breath-hold paradigm were used for patients.

Results
In all subjects, a strong reduction in the echo time (from 22 milliseconds to around 11 milliseconds) was found close to the ear canals and sinuses. These regions were characterized by high tSNR but low t-values in breath-hold t-maps. In some patients, regions of particular interest in presurgical planning were affected by reductions in the echo time to approximately 13–15 milliseconds. These included the primary motor cortex, Broca's area, and auditory cortex. These regions were characterized by high tSNR values (70 and above). Breath-hold results were corrupted by strong motion artifacts in all patients.

Conclusions
Criterion standard BOLD sensitivity estimation using hypercapnic experiments is challenging, especially in patient populations. Taking into consideration the tSNR, commonly used for BOLD sensitivity estimation, but ignoring local reductions in the echo time (eg, from 22 to 11 milliseconds), would erroneously suggest functional sensitivity sufficient to map BOLD signal changes. It is therefore important to consider both local variations in the echo time and temporal variations in signal, using the product metric of these two indices for instance. This should ensure a reliable estimation of BOLD sensitivity and to facilitate the identification of potential false-negative results. This is particularly true at high fields, such as 7 T and in patients with large pathologies and postoperative cavities.
Prediabetes Is Associated With Increased Liver Stiffness Identified by Noninvasive Liver Fibrosis Assessment
Authors: Koc Ayse Selcan , Sumbul Hilmi Erdem 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have been shown to have increased liver fibrosis (LF) as determined by liver elastography. However, the data on LF incidence in patients with prediabetes are scarce. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of LF and associated parameters in prediabetic patients. Three study groups with equal number of participants defined on the basis of glucose metabolism status were included the following: normal glucose metabolism (NGM), prediabetes, and newly diagnosed type 2 DM (55 patients in each group). Liver stiffness measurements were carried out using liver elastography point quantification, and 7 kPa or greater was considered to denote the presence of LF. Patients were subdivided into 2 groups as those with or without LF. Of the NGM, prediabetes, and type 2 DM subjects involved in the study 3.6%, 27%, and 38% were found to have LF (P < 0.001), respectively. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase levels independently correlated with liver stiffness measurements (P < 0.05, for each). In addition, presence of mild or moderate-severe liver steatosis, hypertension, waist circumference, and HbA1c were independent predictors of the LF status. Presence of mild or moderate-severe liver steatosis, hypertension, waist circumference (each 1-cm increment), and HbA1c (each 1% increment) were associated with a 2.78-fold, 7.16-fold, 68%, and 36.7% increased likelihood of LF, respectively. As compared with subjects with NGM, patients with impaired glucose metabolism were more likely to have LF. As in patients with type 2 DM, a significant proportion of patients with prediabetes (27%) have LF, which is closely or independently associated with markers of metabolic syndrome.
Quantitative Assessment of Thyroid Glands in Healthy Children With Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Uysal Emine , Öztürk Mehmet 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The local shear wave speed (in meters per second) and Young modulus (in kilopascals) of normal thyroid glands were defined in healthy children to determine reference values.
This prospective study assessed 107 pediatric cases (age interval, 3–17 years; mean, 9.37 ± 3.68 years), including 52 boys and 55 girls. The study group included children without thyroid gland disease (autoimmune, infectious, or neoplastic). Data about the sex, age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) of the subjects were recorded for all subjects. Elasticity values were measured from 3 different sites in both thyroid lobes and averaged.
Median values for elasticity and shear wave velocity measured in bilateral thyroid lobes were 6.38 ± 1.97 kPa (range, 3.00–12.5 kPa) and 1.45 ± 0.21 m/s (range, 1.03–2.04 m/s) on the right and 8.81 ± 3.00 kPa (range, 3.80–22.6 kPa) and 1.69 ± 0.26 m/s (range, 1.13–2.68 m/s) on the left. There was no significant difference between the elasticity values for the right and left thyroid lobes between boys and girls. There was a positive correlation between right thyroid lobe mean elasticity (in kilopascals) and shear wave velocity (in meters per second) values with age, BMI, and right thyroid lobe volume in the whole group. No significant correlation was found between left thyroid lobe mean elasticity (in kilopascals) and shear wave velocity (in meters per second) values with age, BMI, and left thyroid lobe volume in the study population.
This study determined mean elasticity and shear wave velocity values for thyroid gland in healthy children. This information can be used as a baseline for the investigation of thyroid diseases.
The Presence of Scarring and Associated Morbidity in the Burn Model System National Database
Authors: Goverman Jeremy , He Waverley , Martello Geoffrey , Whalen Ann , Bittner Edward , Schulz John , Gibran Nicole , Herndon David , Suman Oscar , Kowalske Karen , Meyer Walter J. , Ryan Colleen , Schneider Jeffrey 
Published: February 2019

Introduction
Postburn scarring is common, but the risk factors, natural history, and consequences of such scars are still poorly understood. This study aims to describe the frequency of scar-related morbidity for up to 2 years after injury and to analyze the impact of burn scars on long-term functional, psychosocial, and reintegration outcomes.

Methods
Analysis was conducted on data collected between January 2006 and May 2014 from 960 patients (2440 anatomic burn sites) using the Burn Model System (BMS) database. Study population demographics were analyzed and odds ratios for the development of raised or thick scarring were determined. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the impact of hypertrophic scarring (HTS) on psychosocial outcomes, including the Community Integration Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Distress, and the Short Form 12. Symptoms associated with scarring were analyzed at discharge and 6, 12, and 24 months after burn using a set of questions on scarring developed by the BMS. Mixed-effect modeling was used to determine linear change over time and the significance of symptoms.

Results
The study population was primarily white (65.0%) and male (71.8%), with a mean (SD) age of 44.0 (15.2) years and mean total body surface area burned of 19.6% (17.9%). The incidence of raised or thick scars increased from 65% to 80% (P < 0.0001) for the 2-year follow-up period. The presence of scarring was not associated with Community Integration Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, or Short Form 12 scores. Most patients reported symptoms associated with scarring at 2 years after burn, including dry or fragile skin, scars that restrict range of motion at a joint, issues with hand function, and scar pain and itch.

Conclusions
In this large, longitudinal, multicenter cohort of burn survivors, nearly all patients noted the presence of scarring, and a majority noted additional symptoms and morbidity related to their scars even at 2 years after injury. This study demonstrates a need for the continued support of burn survivors to address scar-related morbidity. Furthermore, future studies examining the impact of novel treatments for scarring should use similar scar problem questionnaires and distress scores.
The effects of cell type and culture condition on the procoagulant activity of human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Chance Tiffani C. , Rathbone Christopher R. , Kamucheka Robin M. , Peltier Grantham C. , Cap Andrew P. , Bynum James A. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as a cell-free therapy in wound healing applications. Because EV populations are not equivalent, rigorous characterization is needed before clinical use. Although there has been much focus on their RNA composition and regenerative capabilities, relatively less is known regarding the effects of MSC cell type (adipose tissue [Ad-MSCs] or bone marrow [BM-MSCs]) and culture condition (monolayer or spheroid) on MSC-EV performance, including characteristics related to their ability to promote coagulation, which could determine EV safety if administered intravenously.

METHODS
The successful isolation of EVs derived from Ad-MSCs or BM-MSCs cultured in either monolayer or spheroid cultures was confirmed by NanoSight (particle size distribution) and Western blot (surface marker expression). Extracellular vesicle surface expression of procoagulant molecules (tissue factor and phosphatidylserine) was evaluated by flow cytometry. Extracellular vesicle thrombogenicity was tested using calibrated thrombogram, and clotting parameters were assessed using thromboelastography and a flow-based adhesion model simulating blood flow over a collagen-expressing surface.

RESULTS
The MSC cell type and culture condition did not impact EV size distribution. Extracellular vesicles from all groups expressed phosphatidylserine and tissue factor on their surfaces were functionally thrombogenic and tended to increase clotting rates compared to the negative control of serum-free media without EVs. On average, EVs did not form significantly larger or stronger clots than the negative control, regardless of cell source or culture condition. Additionally, EVs interfered with platelet adhesion in an in vitro flow-based assay.

CONCLUSION
Adipose-derived EVs were more thrombogenic and expressed higher amounts of phosphatidylserine. Our findings suggest that, like intact MSCs, source variability among EVs is an important factor when considering EVs for potential therapeutic purposes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic care management, level II.
Interaction between cardiovascular autonomic control and sex hormones in perimenopausal women under menopausal hormone therapy
Authors: Kiselev Anton R. , Neufeld Irina W. , Bobyleva Irina V. , Prokhorov Mikhail D. , Karavaev Anatoly S. 
Published: February 2019

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the dynamical interaction between the cardiovascular autonomic control and sex hormones in perimenopausal women under menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).

Patients and methods
Seventy women (age: 51.6±2.1 years) were treated with MHT. Standard time and frequency domain measures of heart rate variability (HRV) and index S of synchronization between the slow oscillations in HRV and photoplethysmographic waveform variability were studied during a 6-week treatment with MHT. We assessed also the dynamics of the following sex hormones: estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and testosterone.

Results
MHT increased estradiol and decreased follicle-stimulating hormone. Hot flashes and index S were significantly decreased under MHT (P<0.05). Other autonomic indices were not significantly changed (P>0.05). Changes of index S did not correlate with changes of sex hormones and hot flushes (P>0.05).

Conclusion
The obtained results may indicate the independence of heart autonomic control (assessed by HRV measures) from women’s hormonal status. However, any changes in sex hormones contribute to changes in the systemic control of circulation, which is assessed by index S.
Vitamin D status in acute myocardial infarction: a case–control study
Authors: Mohammad Ameen M. , Shammo Nazar A. , Jasem Jagar A. 
Published: February 2019

Background
The association of vitamin D deficiency with coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. This study seeks the association between vitamin D deficiency and acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Iraq.

Patients and methods
A total of 104 patients with acute MI and 104 healthy controls were studied throughout 2015. Their demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical characteristics were recorded. Serum vitamin D measurement was carried out for all patients.

Results
Vitamin D was more deficient in cases than controls; the number of cases was 60 (57.7%) and 53 (51%), respectively. However, a statistically significant difference (P=0.6) was not obtained. In the patient group, type 2 diabetes mellitus showed a strong association with vitamin D deficiency; there were 31 (81.6%) diabetic patients and 29 (43.9%) nondiabetic patients (P<0.001).

Conclusion
No statistical association between vitamin D deficiency and acute MI was found. Nevertheless, a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and acute MI with type 2 diabetes mellitus was seen.
A systems-based map of human brain cell-type enriched genes and malignancy-associated endothelial changes
Authors: Dusart Philip , Hallström Björn M , Renne Thomas , Odeberg Jacob , Uhlén Mathias , Butler Lynn M 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTChanges in the endothelium of the cerebral vasculature can contribute to inflammatory, thrombotic and malignant disorders. The importance of defining cell type-specific genes and how they are modified in disease is increasingly recognised. Here, we developed a bioinformatics-based approach to identify normal brain cell-enriched genes, using bulk RNAseq data from 238 normal human cortex samples from 2 independent cohorts. We compared endothelial cell-enriched gene profiles with astrocyte, oligodendrocyte and neuron profiles. Global modifications to the endothelium in malignant disease were characterised, using RNAseq data from 516 human lower grade gliomas and 401 human glioblastoma multiforme samples. Lower grade glioma appeared to be an ‘endothelial intermediate’ between normal brain and glioblastoma multiforme. We identify the most highly glioblastoma multiforme-specific endothelial cell biomarkers, providing potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets. In summary, we provide a roadmap of endothelial cell identity in normal and malignant brain tissue, using a bioinformatics-based method developed to resolve bulk RNAseq datasets into constituent cell type-enriched profiles.
Gut microbiota influence B cell function in a TLR5-dependent manner
Authors: Li Sha , Walters William A. , Chassaing Benoit , Zhang Benyue , Shi Qiaojuan , Waters Jillian , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Leifer Cynthia A. , Ley Ruth E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractToll-like receptor (TLR) 5-deficient mice display aberrantly low levels of flagellin-specific antibodies (Flic-IgA) secreted into the gut, combined with excess bacterial flagellin in the gut, and together these attributes define microbiome dysbiosis (T5-dysbiosis). How TLR5 signaling deficiency results in T5-dysbiosis is unclear. Here, we address the role of B cells in T-dysbiosis. We observed that B cells do not express TLR5, and that B cell transplantation from TLR5−/− mouse donors into B-cell deficient mice resulted in a slight reduction in Flic-IgA levels compared to B-cells from WT donors. Bone marrow transplants from WT and TLR5−/− donors into recipients of both genotypes confirmed that TLR5 signaling by non-hematopoietic cells is required for T5-dysbiosis. We observed TLR5 deficiency was associated with an expanded population of IgA+ B cells. TLR5−/− mice tended to have higher richness for the IgA gene hypervariable region (CDR3 gene) variants. Transplantation of microbiomes from TLR5−/− and WT microbiomes donors into germfree mice resulted in a higher proportion of IgA-secreting B cells, and higher overall fecal IgA and anti-Flic IgA for TLR5−/− microbiome recipients. This observation indicated that the TLR5−/− mouse microbiome elicits an anti-flagellin antibody response that requires TLR5 signaling. Together these results indicate that TLR5 signaling on epithelial cells influences B cell populations and antibody repertoire.