bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenically Forced Decadal Change of South Asian Summer Monsoon Across the Mid‐1990s
Authors: Luo Feifei , Dong Buwen , Tian Fangxing , Li Shuanglin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnalysis of observations indicates that there was a significant decadal change in summer (June–August) mean rainfall over South Asia and Southeast Asia across the mid‐1990s, which is characterized by less rainfall over central‐northern India and northern Indo‐China Peninsula. This study investigates impacts of anthropogenic forcing on the observed decadal change across the mid‐1990s. A set of experiments using the coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐mixed‐layer model MetUM‐GOML2 has been performed to quantify the relative roles of changes in anthropogenic greenhouse gases and anthropogenic aerosols (AA). Results indicate a dominant role of anthropogenic changes in the observed decadal changes. Separately, the changes in greenhouse gases forcing play an important role in the reduction of rainfall over central‐northern India through the changes of atmospheric circulation (i.e., the local Hadley circulation and the Walker circulation), with additional contribution from changes in AA forcing. The changes in AA forcing dominate the reduction of rainfall over northern Indo‐China Peninsula due to high‐pressure anomalies over northern South Asia and the western subtropical Pacific. These high‐pressure anomalies are induced by the surface cooling, mainly via aerosol‐radiation interaction that decreases downward clear‐sky shortwave radiation over South Asia during summer and aerosol‐radiation interaction and aerosol‐cloud interaction that decrease downward shortwave radiation over the western subtropical Pacific during presummer seasons.
The Acidity Distribution of Drops in a Deep Convective Cloud
Authors: Hu J. Y. , Yin Y. , Chen Q. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA cloud model with detailed bin microphysics as well as aqueous‐phase chemistry is used to investigate how the acidity distribution of drops changes in a deep convective cloud. The results show that the concentration of hydrogen ion is higher in the relatively large droplets at the initial stage of the cloud, whereas it has an opposite dependence on the drop size at the later stage of the cloud. The spectrum distribution of drop acidity also highly varies with space, reflecting the different effects of macrophysical and microphysical processes on drop acidity. For the entire simulation period, evaporation process contributes the most to the decrease in pH values of drops, which is related to the decrease in cloud water. Condensation and collision‐coalescence play an important role in modifying the chemical rates of hydrogen ion production, leading to changes in the pH values. In addition, both higher concentration of sulfur dioxide and enhanced aerosol loading lead to lower pH values of drops, but the differences in pH values under different aerosol loadings vary with time and space, which is associated with the different contribution of microphysical processes. The sensitivity tests reveal that the changes of pH values by varying aerosol loadings could have a significant impact on sulfuric acid production through aqueous oxidation of sulfur dioxide.
Hilar Arteriovenous Pattern in a Case of Horseshoe Kidney
Authors: Miorin Ana , Cabral Rôksanny , Bellini Rafael , Batigália Fernando , Chacon Erivelto , Boer Nagib Pezati 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHorseshoe kidney is a poor congenital formation that results in the union of the lower poles of the kidneys through the fibrous isthmus that crosses the median line, with a prevalence of 0.25% (1 in 400 births), a higher rate in males (2:1 or 3:1), and an important variation in the arrangement of arteries and veins in the hilum. The present study aims to describe the arteriovenous pattern in the renal hilum in a case of horseshoe kidney. A conventional retroperitoneal dissection was performed in a 64-year-old female corpse of brown skin color, legally belonging to the Anatomy Laboratory of Unicastelo, Fernandópolis, state of São Paulo, Brazil, with causa mortis associated with uterine cancer. The dissection revealed a horseshoe kidney, with the right kidney measuring 5.69 cm, the left kidney measuring 11.65 cm, and the isthmus measuring 6.40 cm, and with the presence of a single right superior polar segmental artery (originated in the posterior aspect of the renal artery), of a double left superior polar segmental artery (originated in the renal artery, with one for each renal aspect), of one renal isthmus artery (originated in the posterior aspect of the abdominal aorta), and of one renal isthmus vein (left common iliac vein). Horseshoe kidney is a congenital abnormality whose arteries may originate from branches of the renal artery, of the inferior mesenteric artery, or of the iliac artery. Its veins drain into the renal vein, into the inferior vena cava, or into the iliac vein. It may be associated with hydronephrosis and nephroblastoma. However, no reports in the literature are found regarding the correlation with uterine cancer, highlighting the relevance of the hilar vascular pattern of the reported case.
Simulation-Based Team Training Improves Team Performance among Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Staff
Authors: Colman Nora , Figueroa Janet , McCracken Courtney , Hebbar Kiran 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSimulation training fosters collaborative learning and improves communication among interdisciplinary teams. In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated the impact of interdisciplinary simulation-based team training (SBTT) on immediate learning of team performance behaviors. In a 3-month period, 30 simulation sessions were conducted and 165 staff members, including physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists, were trained. Regression analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in team performance (p < 0.0001). Study results demonstrate that SBTT is effective in immediate acquisition of optimal team performance behaviors by multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit staff, including physicians with higher level subspecialty training in the simulation environment.
Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge of and Self-Efficacy in Breastfeeding Counseling
Authors: Farrag Nesrine Saad , Abdelsalam Sherehan Adel , Laimon Wafaa , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady 
Published: December 2018

Objective Sound breastfeeding (BF) knowledge among health professionals is vital for proper institutional support of BF mothers. This study aims to measure both BF knowledge and self-efficacy (SE) of pediatric nurses in supporting BF and to determine their associated factors.
Study Design A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mansoura University Children's Hospital and Mansoura New General Hospital during the period from January to March 2017. A total of 186 nurses completed a predesigned self-administered questionnaire developed by the investigators to measure BF knowledge and SE in BF counseling.
Results The overall total means of BF knowledge and SE scores were 26.8 (6.4) and 3.8 (0.6), respectively. Linear regression showed that having bachelor education, working in neonatal department, having a child (aged 2–5 years) were significant independent predictors of BF knowledge score (R
2 = 0.448, p ≤ 0.001), while BF knowledge score is the only significant independent predictor of SE in BF counseling (R
2= 0.36, p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion Higher pregraduation education, working in neonatal department, having children aged 2 to 5 years are independent predictors of BF knowledge. Improving BF knowledge may improve nurses' SE in supporting BF.
Profile Analysis of the Scientific Articles Published in the Journal of Morphological Sciences between 2000 and 2017: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Rueff-Barroso Carlos , Sepulchro Lorraine , Delpupo Fernanda , Damm Patrícia , Pomer-Escher Graziela , Camisasca Danielle , Fazan Valéria 
Published: December 2018

Introduction The Journal of Morphological Sciences (JMS), the official journal of the Brazilian Society of Anatomy, is an interesting option for researchers to publish in the field of morphology. It includes articles that cover a wide variety of topics, such as gross and microscopic human and animal anatomy, embryology, cell and molecular biology, clinical cases and reviews. We aimed to perform a bibliometric study to analyze the profile of JMS publications from 2000 to 2017, in order to understand in depth the origins of the researches and the subject of the manuscripts published in this journal.
Material and Methods This is a descriptive bibliographical review research, with a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of the JMS between 2000 and 2017. A total of 894 publications were analyzed, and they were distributed in 63 issues and organized into 18 volumes. Three groups of information were considered: a) “identification of the published articles;” b) “origin and authorship of the published articles;” and c) “research subject in the published articles.”
Results Most of the published manuscripts were original articles (72.5%) and their subjects were mainly microscopic animal anatomy (27%) and gross human anatomy (26.6%). A total 63.3% of the manuscripts involved at least one Brazilian institution, and 59.4% of those were public institutions.
Conclusion This manuscript provides an important contribution to those who are publishing in the JMS, since the authors can find a great deal of information on the quality of the science that is being published in the journal, as well as demographic information on authors and institutions.
Environmental correlates of total and domain‐specific sedentary behaviour in young people. The UP&DOWN study
Authors: Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Izquierdo‐Gómez Rocío , García‐Cervantes Laura , Castro‐Piñero José , Conde‐Caveda Julio , Veiga Oscar L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the associations between the characteristics of the nearby physical environment with the total and domain‐specific leisure‐time sedentary behaviour (SB) in young people. The study included 1578 youth (9–18 years) from the UP&DOWN study. Total leisure‐time SB was objectively‐assessed by accelerometers. Participants self‐reported the time spent during leisure‐time in different domains of SB (i.e. screen‐based, educational‐based, social‐based, and other‐based SB). Information regarding the basic characteristics of the house, the perceived neighbourhood environment, the amount of physical activity facilities, equipment and materials attainable at home, and the media equipment available at home and in the own bedroom was collected. Linear mixed models were performed, including school and city as random effects. The availability of yard was related to lower total SB and time spent surfing the Internet in boys, but not in girls. More favourable perceived neighbourhood environment was associated with lower total SB and time spent playing video games in girls, but not in boys. The amount of physical activity materials at home was negatively associated with screen‐based SB, while the availability of a computer in the own bedroom was positively related to the time spent surfing the Internet in boys and girls. The number of televisions at home and having a computer in the own bedroom was associated with lower time in educational‐based SB in boys and girls, respectively. Increasing the number of PA materials at home and decreasing the number of TVs at home and the availability of a computer in the bedroom could improve SB profiles of youth.
Pacing during a cross‐country mountain bike mass‐participation event according to race performance, experience, age and sex
Authors: Moss Samantha Louise , Francis Ben , Calogiuri Giovanna , Highton Jamie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study describes pacing strategies adopted in an 86‐km mass‐participation cross‐country marathon mountain bike race (the ‘Birkebeinerrittet’). Absolute (km·h−1) and relative speed (% average race speed) and speed coefficient of variation (%CV) in five race sections (15.1, 31.4, 52.3, 74.4 and 100% of total distance) were calculated for 8182 participants. Data were grouped and analysed according to race performance, age, sex and race experience. The highest average speed was observed in males (21.8 ± 3.7 km/h), 16–24 yr olds (23.0 ± 4.8 km/h) and those that had previously completed >4 Birkebeinerrittet races (22.5 ± 3.4 km/h). Independent of these factors, the fastest performers exhibited faster speeds across all race sections, whilst their relative speed was higher in early and late climbing sections (Cohen's d = 0.45–1.15) and slower in the final descending race section (d = 0.64–0.98). Similar trends were observed in the quicker age, sex and race experience groups, who tended to have a higher average speed in earlier race sections and a lower average speed during the final race section compared to slower groups. In all comparisons, faster groups also had a lower %CV for speed than slower groups (fastest %CV = 24.02%, slowest %CV = 32.03%), indicating a lower variation in speed across the race. Pacing in a cross‐country mountain bike marathon is related to performance, age, sex and race experience. Better performance appears to be associated with higher relative speed during climbing sections, resulting in a more consistent overall race speed.
The biomechanical characteristics of high‐performance endurance running
Authors: Preece Stephen J. , Bramah Christopher , Mason Duncan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe biomechanical profile of high‐level endurance runners may represent a useful model that could be used for developing training programmes designed to improve running style. This study, therefore, sought to compare the biomechanical characteristics of high‐performance and recreational runners. Kinematic and kinetic measurements were taken during overground running from a cohort of 14 high‐performance (8 male) and 14 recreational (8 male) runners, at four speeds ranging from 3.3 to 5.6 m s−1. Two‐way ANOVA analysis was then used to explore group and speed effects and principal component analysis used to explore the interdependence of the tested variables. The data showed the high‐performance runners to have a gait style characterised by an increased vertical velocity of the centre of mass and a flight time that was 11% longer than the recreational group. The high‐performance group were also observed to adopt a forefoot strike pattern, to contact the ground with their foot closer to their body and to have a larger ankle moment. Importantly, although observed group differences were mostly independent of speed, the tested variables showed a high degree of interdependence suggesting an underlying unitary phenomenon. This is the first study to compare high‐performance and recreational runners across a full range of kinematic and kinetic variables. The results suggest that high‐performance runners maintain stride length with a prolonged aerial phase, rather than by landing with a more extended knee. These findings motivate future intervention studies that should investigate whether recreational runners could benefit from instruction to decrease shank inclination at foot contact.
Reciprocal hybridization between diploid Ficaria calthifolia and tetraploid Ficaria verna subsp. verna: evidence from experimental crossing, genome size and molecular markers
Authors: Popelka Ondřej , Sochor Michal , Duchoslav Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFicaria is a taxonomically intriguing polyploid complex with high morphological variability. Both hybridization and polyploidization have been suggested as the main evolutionary forces behind the high morphological variability in this genus; however, detailed studies are lacking. In Central Europe, two Ficaria taxa (diploid F. calthifolia and tetraploid F. verna subsp. verna) occasionally co-occur in local sympatry, which might result in hybridization. We investigated sympatric populations of the two Ficaria taxa using flow cytometry, chromosome counts, AFLP analysis and plastid DNA sequencing; we also performed experimental homoploid and heteroploid crosses to determine the frequency and direction of hybrid triploid formation, an alternative route of triploid origin (autopolyploidy) and the possibility of a one-step neoallotetraploid origin. Sympatric populations were composed of three genetic clusters corresponding to diploid F. calthifolia (2n = 16), tetraploid F. verna subsp. verna (2n = 32) and triploid plants (2n = 24). The holoploid genome size and AFLP data suggest a hybrid origin of the triploids, thereby making their formation via autopolyploidization in F. calthifolia unlikely. The triploid populations are monoclonal and of independent origin. In contrast, the parental populations exhibit high genotypic diversity and frequent sexual reproduction, including those of predominantly asexual F. verna subsp. verna. Experimental crossing confirmed that both parental taxa produce fertile seeds via a sexual pathway, but not by apomixis, and that both serve as pollen acceptors in heteroploid crosses, which is consistent with the plastid sequencing. However, hybridization is asymmetric, with maternal-excess crosses being significantly more successful. No signs of neoautotetraploidization or neoallotetraploidization were detected. In summary, recent gene flow between the studied Ficaria taxa is either limited or absent.
Unitary Representations with Dirac Cohomology: Finiteness in the Real Case
Authors: Dong Chao-Ping 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Let $G$ be a complex connected simple algebraic group with a fixed real form $\sigma $. Let $G({\mathbb{R}})=G^\sigma $ be the corresponding group of real points. This paper reports a finiteness theorem for the classification of irreducible unitary Harish-Chandra modules of $G({\mathbb{R}})$ (up to equivalence) having nonvanishing Dirac cohomology. Moreover, we study the distribution of the spin norm along Vogan pencils for certain $G({\mathbb{R}})$, with particular attention paid to the unitarily small convex hull introduced by Salamanca-Riba and Vogan.
Identifying the Components of Acidosis in Patients With Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Using Metabolomics
Authors: Leopold Stije J , Ghose Aniruddha , Allman Erik L , Kingston Hugh W F , Hossain Amir , Dutta Asok Kumar , Plewes Katherine , Chotivanich Kesinee , Day Nicholas P J , Tarning Joel , Winterberg Markus , White Nicholas J , Llinás Manuel , Dondorp Arjen M 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcidosis in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with high mortality, yet the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the nature and source of metabolic acids contributing to acidosis in patients with severe falciparum malaria.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted to characterize circulating acids in adults with P. falciparum malaria (n = 107) and healthy controls (n = 45) from Bangladesh using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics. Additional in vitro P. falciparum culture studies were performed to determine if parasites release the acids detected in plasma from patients with severe malaria acidosis.ResultsWe identified previously unmeasured plasma acids strongly associated with acidosis in severe malaria. Metabolomic analysis of P. falciparum parasites in vitro showed no evidence that these acids are released by the parasite during its life cycle. Instead, 10 of the plasma acids could be mapped to a gut microbial origin. Patients with malaria had low L-citrulline levels, a plasma marker indicating reduced gut barrier integrity. Longitudinal data showed the clearance of these newly identified acids was delayed in fatal cases.ConclusionsThese data suggest that a compromise in intestinal barrier function may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of life-threatening acidosis in severe falciparum malaria.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02451904.
Exposures to temperature beyond threshold disproportionately reduce vegetation growth in the northern hemisphere
Authors: Wu Xiuchen , Guo Weichao , Liu Hongyan , Li Xiaoyan , Peng Changhui , Allen Craig D , Zhang Cicheng , Wang Pei , Pei Tingting , Ma Yujun , Tian Yuhong , Song Zhaoliang , Zhu Wenquan , Wang Yang , Li Zongshan , Chen Deliang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In recent decades, terrestrial vegetation in the northern hemisphere (NH) has been exposed to warming and more extremely high temperatures. However, the consequences of these changes for terrestrial vegetation growth remain poorly quantified and understood. By examining a satellite-based vegetation index, tree-ring measurements and land-surface model simulations, we discovered a consistent convex pattern in the responses of vegetation growth to temperature exposure (TE) for forest, shrub and grass in both the temperate (30°−50° N) and boreal (50°−70° N) NH during the period of 1982−2012. The response of vegetation growth to TE for the three vegetation types in both the temperate and boreal NH increased convergently with increasing temperature, until vegetation type-dependent temperature thresholds were reached. A TE beyond these temperature thresholds resulted in disproportionately weak positive or even strong negative responses. Vegetation growth in the boreal NH was more vulnerable to extremely high-temperature events than vegetation growth in the temporal NH. The non-linear responses discovered here provide new insights into the dynamics of northern terrestrial ecosystems in a warmer world.
Lung Lavage with Dilute Surfactant vs. Bolus Surfactant for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: Arayici Sema , Sari Fatma Nur , Kadioglu Simsek Gulsum , Yarci Erbu , Alyamac Dizdar Evrim , Uras Nurdan , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Oguz Serife Suna 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effectiveness of lung lavage with surfactant vs. bolus surfactant treatment in meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).

Patients and methods
This randomized controlled trial included newborns ventilated with MAS. In lavage group (n = 17) 30 ml/kg of diluted porcine surfactant was instilled into the lung. In bolus group (n = 16) porcine surfactant (100 mg/kg) was administered as bolus. Respiratory outcomes and mortality were compared between groups.

Results
Duration of respiratory support was found to be similar between lavage and bolus groups (3 vs. 3.5 days, p = 0.36). Death or requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was 12% vs. 6%; respectively (RR: 2, 95% CI 0.16–24.48; p = 1.0). Duration of oxygen therapy, high-frequency ventilation or inhaled nitric oxide requirement did not differ among the groups.

Conclusion
Lung lavage did not show any advantage over bolus therapy on duration of respiratory support. The incidence of pneumothorax and surfactant re-administration decreased nonsignificantly in lavage group.

Clinical Trial Registration
We registered the trial to ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov) under identifier NCT02041546.

Registry name
Lung Lavage With Dilute Poractant Alfa for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome.
Female Sexual Dysfunction and the Placebo Effect: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Weinberger James M. , Houman Justin , Caron Ashley T. , Patel Devin N. , Baskin Avi S. , Lenore Ackerman A. , Eilber Karyn S. , Anger Jennifer T. 
Published: December 2018

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:453–458)
Female sexual dysfunction has an immense effect on both relationships and quality of life. Estimated lifetime prevalence rates are 30% to 50%.