bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait analysis following release of the short external rotators during an anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Petis Stephen M , Vasarhelyi Edward M , Howard James L , Lanting Brent A 
Published: July 2018

Background: Cadaveric and clinical studies suggest surgical release of the short external rotators is sometimes necessary to improve exposure during total hip arthroplasty (THA) using an anterior approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of those surgical releases on gait following THA. Methods: 15 patients undergoing THA using an anterior approach, anterior approach with surgical releases, or posterior approach underwent 3-D gait analysis preoperatively, and at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. At each time point, temporal parameters, kinematics, and kinetics were compared. The anterior approach was compared to the anterior approach cohort with surgical releases, and the surgical release cohort was compared to a posterior approach cohort. The mean change score between preoperative and 6 weeks, and 6-week to 12-week analyses were analysed. Results: There were no demographic differences between the groups. There were no significant differences between the groups for the temporal parameters and kinematic analyses at either time point comparison. The surgical release cohort had a lower hip internal rotation moment compared to the anterior approach cohort for the 6- to 12-week comparison ( p = 0.05), and compared to the posterior approach cohort for the preoperative to 6-week ( p = 0.03) and 6- to 12-week comparison ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: Releasing the short external rotators during an anterior approach did not cause significant temporal and kinematic changes after THA. However, small changes in hip internal rotation moments can be expected. These findings should be correlated with patient-reported outcome measures to determine if these gait anomalies predict poor outcome following THA.
Physician-Modified Fenestrated Endografts for Managing the Ruptured or Symptomatic Aortic Aneurysm: Technique Overview and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Singh Aminder , Mafeld Sebastian , Williams Robin , McCaslin James 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) grafts have a 10- to 12-week manufacturing time and are generally not available for emergency cases of symptomatic or ruptured aortic aneurysm. In the absence of other alternatives, conventional off-the-shelf stent grafts can be modified by trained operators to treat these complex cases. The aim of this study is to present a single-center experience of physician-modified FEVAR. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all physician-modified FEVAR identified from the hospital endovascular database at a single tertiary referral center between September 1996 and September 2017. Results: Eight cases of urgent or emergency endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with physician-modified grafts were identified. Mean follow-up was 44 weeks (range: 5-106 weeks). Outcomes for all implanted grafts (7/8 cases) included 100% technical success, 14% rate of endoleak, no procedure-related complications, no adverse visceral events, 0% 30-day mortality and 100% 1-year target vessel patency, and freedom from aneurysm-related death. There was a 14% (1/7 cases) per patient reintervention rate. Conclusion: Modifying EVAR grafts is a highly technical process requiring meticulous planning and extensive elective experience with FEVAR. The current series demonstrates that physician modification of endografts for urgent or emergency abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is feasible and a safe alternative to open surgical aneurysm repair.
Association between cytokines and functional, hemodynamic parameters, and clinical outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Joshi Aditya A. , Davey Ryan , Rao Youlan , Shen Kai , Benza Raymond L. , Raina Amresh 
Published: July 2018

To assess the relationship of cytokines with functional and clinical outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation are characteristic of PAH. We investigated whether markers of angiogenesis and inflammation associated with functional, hemodynamic parameters, and clinical outcomes in PAH. PAH patients (n = 206) were pooled from two clinical trials: TRUST‐1 and FREEDOM‐C2. Baseline and post‐treatment cytokine levels were correlated to baseline clinical and hemodynamic parameters, were assessed in clinical subgroups, and were associated with clinical outcomes. In 206 patients (mean age = 48 years; 74% women) with WHO group‐1 PAH, most cytokine levels were higher in those with 6‐min walking distance (6MWD) < median (335 m) vs. those above median, including Ang‐1 (11.9 ± 10.1 vs. 5.9 ± 6.0 ng/mL), Ang‐2 (14.3 ± 11.8 vs. 12.2 ± 11.2 ng/mL), and MMP‐9 (221 ± 262.3 vs. 119 ± 171 ng/mL). Baseline 6MWD inversely correlated with Ang‐1 (r = −0.27, P < 0.0001), Ang‐2 (r = −0.20, P = 0.004), and MMP‐9 (r = −0.27, P < 0.0001). MMP‐9 levels differed significantly by NYHA functional class (P = 0.001) suggesting an association between MMP‐9 and subjective PAH severity. Mean Ang‐2 levels were higher in those with baseline right atrial pressure (RAP) > 15 mmHg compared to those with RAP < 15 mmHg (23,841 vs. 11,020 pg/mL). Baseline RAP was associated with change in MMP‐9 levels (r = −0.53, P = 0.03). Finally, baseline Ang‐1, VEGF and MMP‐9 levels were associated with risk of death and hospitalization at 16‐week follow‐up. Inflammatory cytokines and vascular angiogenesis markers are associated with baseline functional, hemodynamic parameters in PAH, and predict death and hospitalization. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm the utility of cytokines in PAH.
Editor’s Choice-Prospective registry of cardiac critical illness in a modern tertiary care Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Watson Ryan A , Bohula Erin A , Gilliland Thomas C , Sanchez Pablo A , Berg David D , Morrow David A 
Published: July 2018

Background: The changing landscape of care in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) has prompted efforts to redesign the structure and organization of advanced CICUs. Few studies have quantitatively characterized current demographics, diagnoses, and outcomes in the contemporary CICU. Methods: We evaluated patients in a prospective observational database, created to support quality improvement and clinical care redesign in an AHA Level 1 (advanced) CICU at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. All consecutive patients ( N=2193) admitted from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 were included at the time of admission to the CICU. Results: The median age was 65 years (43% >70 years) and 44% of patients were women. Non-cardiovascular comorbidities were common, including chronic kidney disease (27%), pulmonary disease (22%), and active cancer (13%). Only 7% of CICU admissions were primarily for an acute coronary syndrome, which was the seventh most common individual diagnosis. The top three reasons for admission to the CICU were shock/hypotension (26%), cardiopulmonary arrest (11%), or primary arrhythmia without arrest (9%). Respiratory failure was a primary or major secondary reason for triage to the CICU in 17%. In-hospital mortality was 17.6%. Conclusions: In a tertiary, academic, advanced CICU, patients are elderly with a high burden of non-cardiovascular comorbid conditions. Care has shifted from ACS toward predominantly shock and cardiac arrest, as well as non-ischemic conditions, and the mortality of these conditions is high. These data may be useful to guide cardiac critical care redesign.
Evaluation of waist-worn actigraphy monitors for the assessment of sleep in older adults with and without Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Khou Christina S , Rendzia Brady , Watts Amber 
Published: July 2018

Objectives Evaluate differences in sleep characteristics between older adults with and without mild Alzheimer’s disease using waist-worn actigraphy monitors. Methods Actigraph GT3X+ monitors and self-reported sleep and activity logs were used for one week and compared between older adults (N = 85) with (n = 35) and without Alzheimer’s disease (n = 51). Results Participants with Alzheimer’s disease had greater total sleep time and spent more time in bed than nonimpaired older adults. Estimates for sleep efficiency and total sleep time for the total sample were elevated compared to previous studies of wrist-worn devices in similar populations, while estimates of sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset for the total sample were lower. Conclusions Actigraphy-based sleep studies in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease should consider discrepancies between objective and subjective estimates of sleep and monitor placement to maximize the ability to measure both activity and sleep.
Prediction of cardiovascular disease among hematopoietic cell transplantation survivors
Authors: Armenian Saro H. , Yang Dongyun , Teh Jennifer Berano , Atencio Liezl C. , Gonzales Alicia , Wong F. Lennie , Leisenring Wendy M. , Forman Stephen J. , Nakamura Ryotaro , Chow Eric J. 
Published: July 2018

Key PointsWe identified distinct groups of HCT survivors at low, intermediate, and high risk of developing late-occurring CVD. The prediction model had good discrimination across outcomes and was validated in an external cohort of HCT survivors.
Prevalence of Homologous Recombination–Related Gene Mutations Across Multiple Cancer Types
Authors: Heeke Arielle L. , Pishvaian Michael J. , Lynce Filipa , Xiu Joanne , Brody Jonathan R. , Chen Wang-Juh , Baker Tabari M. , Marshall John L. , Isaacs Claudine 
Published: July 2018

Purpose The prevalence of homologous recombination DNA damage repair (HR-DDR) deficiencies among all tumor lineages is not well characterized. Therapy directed toward homologous recombination DDR deficiency (HRD) is now approved in ovarian and breast cancer, and there may be additional opportunities for benefit for patients with other cancers. Comprehensive evaluations for HRD are limited in part by the lack of a uniform, cost-effective method for testing and defining HRD. Methods Molecular profiles of 52,426 tumors were reviewed to identify pathogenic mutations in the HR-DDR genes ARID1A, ATM, ATRX, BAP1, BARD1, BLM, BRCA1/2, BRIP1, CHEK1/2, FANCA/C/D2/E/F/G/L, MRE11A, NBN, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51B, or WRN. From solid tumors submitted to Caris Life Sciences, molecular profiles were generated using next-generation sequencing (NGS; average read depth, 500×). A total of 17,566 tumors were sequenced with NGS600 (n = 592 genes), and 34,860 tumors underwent hotspot Illumina MiSeq platform testing (n = 47 genes). Results Of the tumors that underwent NGS600 testing, the overall frequency of HR-DDR mutations detected was 17.4%, and the most commonly mutated lineages were endometrial (34.4%; n = 1,475), biliary tract (28.9%; n = 343), bladder (23.9%; n = 201), hepatocellular (20.9%; n = 115), gastroesophageal (20.8%; n = 619), and ovarian (20.0%; n = 2,489). Least commonly mutated lineages included GI stromal (3.7%; n = 108), head and neck (6.8%; n = 206), and sarcoma (9.3%; n = 592). ARID1A was the most commonly mutated gene (7.2%), followed by BRCA2 (3.0%), BRCA1 (2.8%), ATM (1.3%), ATRX (1.3%), and CHEK2 (1.3%). Conclusions HR-DDR mutations were seen in 17.4% of tumors across 21 cancer lineages, providing a path to explore the role of HRD-directed therapies, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors, DNA-damaging chemotherapies, and newer agents such as ATR inhibitors.
On the origin of the human germline
Authors: Kobayashi Toshihiro , Surani M. Azim 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
In mice, primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors of eggs and sperm, originate from pregastrulation postimplantation embryos. By contrast, the origin of human PGCs (hPGCs) has been less clear and has been difficult to study because of the technical and ethical constraints that limit direct studies on human embryos. In recent years, however, in vitro simulation models using human pluripotent stem cells, together with surrogate non-rodent mammalian embryos, have provided insights and experimental approaches to address this issue. Here, we review these studies, which suggest that the posterior epiblast and/or the nascent amnion in pregastrulation human embryos is a likely source of hPGCs, and that a different gene regulatory network controls PGCs in humans compared with in the mouse. Such studies on the origins and mechanisms of hPGC specification prompt further consideration of the somatic cell fate decisions that occur during early human development.
Mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of fluctuating thermal regimes in insect cold tolerance
Authors: Colinet Hervé , Rinehart Joseph P. , Yocum George D. , Greenlee Kendra J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTInsects exposed to low temperature often have high mortality or exhibit sublethal effects. A growing number of recent studies have shown beneficial effects of exposing insects to recurrent brief warm pulses during low-temperature stress (fluctuating thermal regime, FTR). The physiological underpinnings of the beneficial effects of FTR on cold survival have been extensively studied over the past few years. Profiling with various ‘-omics’ techniques has provided supporting evidence for different physiological responses between insects exposed to FTR and constant low temperature. Evidence from transcriptomic, metabolomic and lipidomic studies points to a system-wide loss of homeostasis at low temperature that can be counterbalanced by repair mechanisms under FTR. Although there has been considerable progress in understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of FTR, here we discuss how many areas still lack clarity, such as the precise role(s) of heat shock proteins, compatible solutes or the identification of regulators and key players involved in the observed homeostatic responses. FTR can be particularly beneficial in applied settings, such as for model insects used in research, integrated pest management and pollination services. We also explain how the application of FTR techniques in large-scale facilities may require overcoming some logistical and technical constraints. FTR definitively enhances survival at low temperature in insects, but before it can be widely used, we suggest that the possible fitness and energy costs of FTR must be explored more thoroughly. Although FTR is not ecologically relevant, similar processes may operate in settings where temperatures fluctuate naturally.
Dehydration/Hydration Behavior of Layered Double Hydroxide for Chemical Heat Storage
Authors: Matsumoto Mitsuru , Mizutani Yosuke , Aoki Masakazu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Dehydration and rehydration behavior of a layered double hydroxide (LDH), Mg2Al(OH)6.2Cl0.8·nH2O, was investigated. The dehydration proceeds in two steps; at first interlayer water is released from 50 °C, then dehydration condensation of hydroxyl groups starts from 300 °C. Interlayer anion Cl− is also desorbed as HCl during the second dehydration. The mole fraction of water removed by dehydration before the HCl desorption was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis; 1.85 mol-H2O/mol-LDH. The dehydrated material, without HCl loss, was quantitatively hydrated by refluxing in water for 480 min.
Technical Note—The Competitive Facility Location Problem in a Duopoly: Advances Beyond Trees
Authors: Gur Yonatan , Saban Daniela , Stier-Moses Nicolas E. 
Published: July 2018

We consider a competitive facility location problem on a network where consumers located on vertices wish to connect to the nearest facility. Knowing this, each competitor locates a facility on a vertex, trying to maximize market share. We focus on the two-player case and study conditions that guarantee the existence of a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium for progressively more complicated classes of networks. For general graphs, we show that attention can be restricted to a subset of vertices referred to as the central block. By constructing trees of maximal bi-connected components, we obtain sufficient conditions for equilibrium existence. Moreover, when the central block is a vertex or a cycle (for example, in cactus graphs), this provides a complete and efficient characterization of equilibria. In that case, we show that both competitors locate their facilities in a solution to the 1-median problem, generalizing a well-known insight arising from Hotelling’s model. We further show that an equilibrium must solve the 1-median problem in other classes of graphs, including grids, which essentially capture the topology of urban networks. In addition, when both players select a 1-median, the solution must be at equilibrium for strongly-chordal graphs, generalizing a previously known result for trees. The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1694 .
The Math Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs about Classroom Management (A Case Study of Elementary Schools in Diyarbakir)
Authors: Bulut Ilhami , Topdemir Selcuk 
Published: July 2018

<p style="text-align:justify">This study aims to evaluate elementary school math teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about classroom management. With the aim of investigating elementary school math teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about classroom management, a classroom management self-efficacy scale was developed. The 5 point likert scale is composed of 46 items. The scale was applied to 142 math teachers working at elementary schools in Diyarbakir central district. Data were analyzed in terms of gender, seniority, classroom population and weekly course load. To analyze the data, t-test, one way variance analysis (ANOVA), Scheffe and LSD tests were used. The results showed that the math teachers have a positive self-efficacy belief of classroom management and that male teachers are better at maintaining discipline in class. In addition, the research shows that teachers with more experience are better at course design and classroom management and that classroom population has an effect on math teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about classroom management.</p>
Residual Platinum Concentrations in Post-Cancer Chemotherapy and Healthy Control Populations Using an Automated, 96-Well Plate Method and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Strathmann Frederick G , Travis Lois B , Ardeshirrouhanifard Shirin , Fossa Sophie D , Moody Steve , Clarke David , Law Christian L 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Platinating agents are among the most commonly used cytotoxic drugs worldwide. It is recognized that Pt concentration can remain significantly increased in serum up to 20 years after completion of chemotherapy, with levels related to late treatment effects.

Methods
A Freedom EVO® Tecan liquid handler was used for aliquoting 50 μL serum at 10-fold dilution into 96-well plates. The Teledyne MVX-7100 low-volume autosampler was used for sample introduction into an Agilent 7900 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. There was &lt;1.2 min needed between injections. Time to completion for a maximum batch size using two 96-well plates was approximately 3.5 h, including preparation and analysis.

Results
Imprecision was &lt;15%, and the limit of quantification was set at 5 ng/L based on imprecision of 18.3%. Bias based on fortified samples ranged from 0% to −4.3% within the analytical measurement range of 5–10 000 ng/L. The nonparametric reference interval for platinum in serum using 147 residual clinical samples was determined to be 8–47 ng/L. Serum platinum concentrations in 675 enrolled patients having an average time since chemotherapy completion of 6.4 (± 5.5 years) ranged from 20.1 to 8252.4 ng/L. Among all patients, 633 (94%) had serum concentrations exceeding 47 ng/L, and 42 (6%) had serum platinum concentrations between 8 and 47 ng/L.

Conclusions
This method used an automated liquid handler, a novel 96-well autosampler and 50 μL patient serum to quantify platinum levels. The method was successfully validated according to current clinical guidelines for laboratory developed tests.
Performance Evaluation of an ELISA for the Quantitative Measurement of α1-Antitrypsin in Stool
Authors: Erickson J Alan , Jensen Ryan A , Grenache David G 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy is aided by the measurement of α1-antitrypsin (A1A) in stool and serum to calculate A1A clearance. The objective of this study was to determine the performance characteristics of an ELISA for the measurement of A1A in stool and to determine reference limits for stool A1A and A1A clearance.

Methods
A1A in stool was measured with a polyclonal antibody-based ELISA. Assay imprecision, analytical sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, analyte stability, and reference intervals were determined.

Results
Within-run and total CVs were 5.4% and 6.5% and 13.8% and 14.5% at 17.3 and 66.9 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of quantification was 2.0 ng/mL, and the assay was linear to 85 ng/mL. Mean recovery of A1A added to samples was 108.2%. A1A was stable in stool for a minimum of 2 days, 7 days, and 3 months at room temperature, 4–8 °C and −20 °C, respectively. The upper 95th percentile reference limits for A1A in stool and A1A clearance were 0.48 mg/g and 49 mL/day, respectively.

Conclusions
The A1A ELISA demonstrates acceptable performance for quantifying A1A in stool. The assay can be used in conjunction with serum A1A measurements for determining A1A clearance.
Discovery and Validation of Plasma-Protein Biomarker Panels for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma in a Danish Collection of Samples from Patients Referred for Diagnostic Colonoscopy
Authors: Blume John E , Wilhelmsen Michael , Benz Ryan W , Brünner Nils , Christensen Ib J , Croner Lisa J , Dillon Roslyn , Hillig Thore , Jones Jeffrey J , Jørgensen Lars N , Kao Athit , Klaerke Michael , Laurberg Søren , Madsen Mogens R , Nielsen Knud T , Vilandt Jesper , Wilcox Bruce E , You Jia , Nielsen Hans J 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Well-collected and well-documented sample repositories are necessary for disease biomarker development. The availability of significant numbers of samples with the associated patient information enables biomarker validation to proceed with maximum efficacy and minimum bias. The creation and utilization of such a resource is an important step in the development of blood-based biomarker tests for colorectal cancer.

Methods
We have created a subject data and biological sample resource, Endoscopy II, which is based on 4698 individuals referred for diagnostic colonoscopy in Denmark between May 2010 and November 2012. Of the patients referred based on 1 or more clinical symptoms of colorectal neoplasia, 512 were confirmed by pathology to have colorectal cancer and 399 were confirmed to have advanced adenoma. Using subsets of these sample groups in case-control study designs (300 patients for colorectal cancer, 302 patients for advanced adenoma), 2 panels of plasma-based proteins for colorectal cancer and 1 panel for advanced adenoma were identified and validated based on ELISA data obtained for 28 proteins from the samples.

Results
One of the validated colorectal cancer panels was comprised of 8 proteins (CATD, CEA, CO3, CO9, SEPR, AACT, MIF, and PSGL) and had a validation ROC curve area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 (CI 0.75–0.88). There was no significant difference in the performance between early- and late-stage cancer. The advanced adenoma panel was comprised of 4 proteins (CATD, CLUS, GDF15, SAA1) and had a validation ROC curve AUC of 0.65 (CI 0.56–0.74).

Conclusions
These results suggest that the development of blood-based aids to colorectal cancer detection and diagnosis is feasible.