bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Generation Z in the intention to purchase real estate in Kosovo
Authors: Hoxha Visar , Zeqiraj Emblema 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact that Generation Z has on the real estate industry of Kosovo. By studying the behaviors and characteristics of Gen Z the stakeholders in the real estate industry can gain advantages and opportunities in getting to comprehend their preferences, their perspective and their decision to buy real estate in Kosovo.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study used a quantitative research method. For the purpose of this study a questionnaire with close-ended questions is used. The questionnaire used for this study is a self-evaluation and self-administrated questionnaire. The study included 200 people, mainly Albanian speakers who participated in the questionnaire. All participants of the questionnaire were strictly members of Generation Z that were born in the time period of 1995–2012. In this questionnaire the participants were provided with full anonymity, since none of their identity data were requested during this process.

Findings
The findings of this study indicate that Gen Z and their different characteristics will have an impact on the real estate industry.

Research limitations/implications
This study can be utilized as a landmark for agents of real estate on understanding how they can use the characteristics and behaviors of Gen Z in their favor, by pointing out the prominence of those characteristics and behaviors in realizing the needs and desires of the potential buyers and the influence they have on the decision to buy property. Furthermore, through this study, the real estate agencies will be provided with multiple reasons that substantiate the necessity to perform the proper research about differences between generations.

Originality/value
The study is the first quantitative study that studies the linkage between behaviors and characteristics of Generation Z and their intention to purchase real estate.
Understanding purchase intention of university students towards skin care products
Authors: Lee Jia En , Goh Mei Ling , Mohd Noor Mohd Nazri Bin 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors which will contribute to consumers’ purchase intention on skin care products. Four factors, namely, brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality and brand loyalty, were included in this study.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 150 sets of self-administered questionnaires were distributed to students in a local private university in Melaka. Convenience sampling was used and data collected were analysed using SmartPLS to perform the measurement model and structural model.

Findings
Findings have showed that there are positive relationships between brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality and brand loyalty and consumers’ purchase intention towards skin care products. Furthermore, it is concluded that perceived quality is the most significant factor in influencing consumers’ purchase intention.

Originality/value
Firms are able to benefit from this study by formulating their brand management tactics referring to the findings to have competitive advantage over their competitors.
Antibacterial silver submicron wire-polylactic acid composites for fused filament fabrication
Authors: Walker Jenna Stephanie , Arnold John , Shrestha Cynthiya , Smith Damon 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the use of silver submicron-scale wire (AgSMW) additives in filament feedstock for fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing technologies. The antibacterial effect of the additive on printed objects is assessed and its impact on mechanical behavior is determined.

Design/methodology/approach
AgSMW-PLA composite FFF filaments were fabricated by solution processing, granulation and extrusion. The reduction in the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is measured after exposure to FFF-printed composite test specimens with AgSMW additive concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 10.0 weight per cent. The effect of the additive addition on the thermal properties and tensile mechanical performance was measured. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the composite microstructure and fracture behavior.

Findings
E. coli growth was reduced by approximately 50 per cent at the highest additive concentration of 10.0 weight per cent. This is attributed to the release of silver ions through water diffusion into the bulk of the composite. The ultimate tensile strength declined with increasing AgSMW concentration with a moderate reduction of 18 per cent at 10.0 weight per cent. The elastic modulus did not vary significantly at any of the concentrations studied. The ductility of the composite was only notably reduced at the highest concentration. The reduction in mechanical strength and strain at break is attributed to an increase in void defects in the composite with increasing additive concentration.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates the successful incorporation of AgSMWs into FFF-compatible filaments for use in commercially available printing systems. The results demonstrate significant reduction of bacteria growth when using these materials. While the mechanical performance degrades slightly, the results indicate the material’s efficacy for a variety of potential biomedical applications. As a proof of concept, surgical tools were printed using the composite.
Fortification of milk with plant extracts modifies the acidification and reducing capacities of yoghurt bacteria
Authors: Alwazeer Duried , Bulut Menekşe , Tunçtürk Yusuf 
Published: September 2019

The acidification and reducing capacities of yoghurt bacteria were evaluated in different plant extract‐enriched milk samples. The milk samples enriched with thyme and grape seed extracts exhibited the highest values of acidification capacity for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB) (0.0065 pH unit/min) and Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) (0.0068 pH unit/min). The highest values of reducing capacity were observed in thyme (−0.98 mV/min), grape (−1.92 mV/min) and green tea (−0.75 mV/min)‐enriched samples for LB, ST and mixed culture of LB + ST, respectively. The fortification of yoghurt with plant extracts modified the acidification and reducing activities of starters, thus changing the fermentation time and quality attributes of the product.
The criminal costs of wrongful convictions
Authors: Norris Robert J. , Weintraub Jennifer N. , Acker James R. , Redlich Allison D. , Bonventre Catherine L. 
Published: September 2019

Research SummaryIn this article, we examine criminal offending by true perpetrators after innocent people are arrested and convicted for their crimes. After investigating a set of cases in which DNA was used to exonerate the innocent and to identify the guilty party, we identified 109 true perpetrators, 102 of whom committed additional crimes. We found a total of 337 additional offenses committed by the true perpetrators, including 43 homicide‐related and 94 sex offenses. By extrapolating from our findings, we estimate that the wrong‐person wrongful convictions that occur annually may lead to more than 41,000 additional crimes.Policy ImplicationsOur findings indicate that one consequence of wrongful convictions, allowing the true perpetrators of crimes to remain at liberty and commit new crimes that imperil prospective victims, represents an important threat to public safety and thereby dramatically compounds the harms caused to innocents. We stress the importance of framing wrongful conviction issues to capture these important crime control concerns and, thus, to help galvanize public opinion and promote policy reforms that will mutually benefit adherents of both crime control and due process perspectives.
Genomic clues of the evolutionary history of Bos indicus cattle
Authors: Utsunomiya Y. T. , Milanesi M. , Fortes M. R. S. , Porto‐Neto L. R. , Utsunomiya A. T. H. , Silva M. V. G. B. , Garcia J. F. , Ajmone‐Marsan P. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTogether with their sister subspecies Bos taurus, zebu cattle (Bos indicus) have contributed to important socioeconomic changes that have shaped modern civilizations. Zebu cattle were domesticated in the Indus Valley 8000 years before present (YBP). From the domestication site, they expanded to Africa, East Asia, southwestern Asia and Europe between 4000 and 1300 YBP, intercrossing with B. taurus to form clinal variations of zebu ancestry across the landmass of Afro‐Eurasia. In the past 150 years, zebu cattle reached the Americas and Oceania, where they have contributed to the prosperity of emerging economies. The zebu genome is characterized by two mitochondrial haplogroups (I1 and I2), one Y chromosome haplogroup (Y3) and three major autosomal ancestral groups (Indian‐Pakistani, African and Chinese). Phenotypically, zebu animals are recognized by their hump, large ears and excess skin. They are rustic, resilient to parasites and capable of bearing the hot and humid climates of the tropics. Many resources are available to study the zebu genome, including commercial arrays of SNP, reference assemblies and publicly available genotypes and whole‐genome sequences. Nevertheless, many of these resources were initially developed to support research and subsidize industrial applications in B. taurus, and therefore they can produce bias in data analysis. The combination of genomics with precision agriculture holds great promise for the identification of genetic variants affecting economically important traits such as tick resistance and heat tolerance, which were naturally selected for millennia and played a major role in the evolution of B. indicus cattle.
Mutations in ASIP and MC1R: dominant black and recessive black alleles segregate in native Swedish sheep populations
Authors: Rochus C. M. , Westberg Sunesson K. , Jonas E. , Mikko S. , Johansson A. M. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBy studying genes associated with coat colour, we can understand the role of these genes in pigmentation but also gain insight into selection history. North European short‐tailed sheep, including Swedish breeds, have variation in their coat colour, making them good models to expand current knowledge of mutations associated with coat colour in sheep. We studied ASIP and MC1R, two genes with known roles in pigmentation, and their association with black coat colour. We did this by sequencing the coding regions of ASIP in 149 animals and MC1R in 129 animals from seven native Swedish sheep breeds in individuals with black, white or grey fleece. Previously known mutations in ASIP [recessive black allele: g.100_105del (D5) and/or g.5172T>A] were associated with black coat colour in Klövsjö and Roslag sheep breeds and mutations in both ASIP and MC1R (dominant black allele: c.218T>A and/or c.361G>A) were associated with black coat colour in Swedish Finewool. In Gotland, Gute, Värmland and Helsinge sheep breeds, coat colour inheritance was more complex: only 11 of 16 individuals with black fleece had genotypes that could explain their black colour. These breeds have grey individuals in their populations, and grey is believed to be a result of mutations and allelic copy number variation within the ASIP duplication, which could be a possible explanation for the lack of a clear inheritance pattern in these breeds. Finally, we found a novel missense mutation in MC1R (c.452G>A) in Gotland, Gute and Värmland sheep and evidence of a duplication of MC1R in Gotland sheep.
Two linked TBXT (brachyury) gene polymorphisms are associated with the tailless phenotype in fat‐rumped sheep
Authors: Han J. , Yang M. , Guo T. , Niu C. , Liu J. , Yue Y. , Yuan C. , Yang B. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryT‐box transcription factor T (TBXT), encoding the brachyury protein, is an embryonic nuclear transcription factor involved in mesoderm formation and differentiation. Previous studies indicate that TBXT mutations are responsible for the tailless or short‐tailed phenotype of many vertebrates. To verify whether the tailless phenotype in fat‐rumped sheep is associated with TBXT mutations, exon 2 of the TBXT gene for 301 individuals belonging to 13 Chinese and Iranian sheep breeds was directly sequenced. Meanwhile, 380 samples were used to detect the genotypes of the candidate variations by mapping to their reads databases in the Sequence Read Archive repository of GenBank. The results showed that one missense mutation, c.334G>T (GGG>TGG) with a completely linked synonymous variant c.333G>C (CCG>CCC) was found to be associated with the ‘tailless’ characteristic in typical fat‐rumped sheep breeds. The c.334G>T transversion led to the conversion of glycine to tryptophan at the 112th amino acid in the T‐box domain of the brachyury protein. In addition, crossbreeding experiments for long‐tailed and tailless sheep showed that CT/CT allele of nucleotides (nt) 333 and 334, a recessive mutation, would cause sheep tails to be shorter, suggesting that these two linked variants at nucleotides 333 and 334 in TBXT are probably causative mutations responsible for the tailless phenotype in sheep.
Diverse strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii isolated from clinically affected cattle in a geographically restricted area
Authors: Turni C , Yee S , Epstein V , Jackson B , Li K , Knowles G , Blackall PJ 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether an outbreak of Actinobacillus lignieresii was caused by one or multiple strains.MethodsNine isolates of A. lignieresii were obtained from the lymph nodes of 15 affected cattle from two farms to determine whether a single strain was involved. An enterobacterial repetitive insertion consensus sequence (ERIC) PCR was used for genotyping, and the repeats‐in‐toxin genes were analysed by PCR and sequencing.ResultsIsolates from the two farms belonged to two and three genotypes, with a total of four genotypes detected. Genes of the apxICABD operons of some strains had deletions in the apxIA (~697 bp) and in the apxID (~187 bp) genes. The toxin gene deletions and the ERIC PCR patterns suggested the involvement of different A. lignieresii genotypes.ConclusionThere was no evidence that a unique genotype was associated with actinobacillosis on the two farms, confirming that this disease was associated with other contributing factors.
Population pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in extremely premature infants
Authors: Gonzalez Daniel , Laughon Matthew M. , Smith P. Brian , Ge Shufan , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Atz Andrew , Sokol Gregory M. , Hornik Chi D. , Stewart Dan , Mundakel Gratias , Poindexter Brenda B. , Gaedigk Roger , Mills Mary , Cohen‐Wolkowiez Michael , Martz Karen , Hornik Christoph P. ,   on behalf of the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act – Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee
Published: September 2019

AimsTo characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of sildenafil and its active metabolite, N‐desmethyl sildenafil (DMS), in premature infants.MethodsWe performed a multicentre, open‐label trial to characterize the PK of sildenafil in infants ≤28 weeks gestation and < 365 postnatal days (cohort 1) or < 32 weeks gestation and 3–42 postnatal days (cohort 2). In cohort 1, we obtained PK samples from infants receiving sildenafil as ordered per the local standard of care (intravenous [IV] or enteral). In cohort 2, we administered a single IV dose of sildenafil and performed PK sampling. We performed a population PK analysis and dose‐exposure simulations using the software NONMEM®.ResultsWe enrolled 34 infants (cohort 1 n = 25; cohort 2 n = 9) and collected 109 plasma PK samples. Sildenafil was given enterally (0.42–2.09 mg/kg) in 24 infants in cohort 1 and via IV (0.125 or 0.25 mg/kg) in all infants in cohort 2. A 2‐compartment PK model for sildenafil and 1‐compartment model for DMS, with presystemic conversion of sildenafil to DMS, characterized the data well. Coadministration of fluconazole (n = 4), a CYP3A inhibitor, resulted in an estimated 59% decrease in sildenafil clearance. IV doses of 0.125, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg every 8 hours (in the absence of fluconazole) resulted in steady‐state maximum sildenafil concentrations that were generally within the range of those reported to inhibit phosphodiesterase type 5 activity in vitro.ConclusionsWe successfully characterized the PK of sildenafil and DMS in premature infants and applied the model to inform dosing for a follow‐up, phase II study.
Physical capacity outcomes in patients with severe obesity after 12 months of physician‐led multidisciplinary team care: A case series from a public hospital clinical obesity service
Authors: Atlantis Evan , Langford Kiri , Piya Milan , Ho Vincent , Skelsey Kathryn , Rickards Lachlan , Edwards Suzanne , Kormas Nic 
Published: September 2019

SummaryImpaired physical capacity is common in people with severe levels of obesity. We aimed to investigate changes in physical capacity outcomes in patients with severe obesity following 12 months of physician‐led multidisciplinary care from a “real world” Australian public hospital setting using a case series study design. We extracted data from medical records for all of the eligible patients referred to our clinical obesity service from 2010 to 2015 (69 of 239). We found significant (P < .05) pre‐test/post‐test (mean ± SD) improvements in the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) (339 ± 120 to 417 ± 112 m); 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test (11 ± 4 to 15 ± 6 counts) and sit‐and‐reach test (−12 ± 13 to −8 ± 15 cm). Using linear mixed‐effects models adjusting for repeated measurements over time (baseline vs 12 months) and testing for potential predictors, we found: mean 6MWT was associated with 12‐month time period (56 m), body mass index (BMI, −3 m), no walking aid over 12 months (106 m) and no opioid analgesics (75 m); mean sit‐to‐stand was associated with 12‐month time period (3 counts), age at referral (−0.2 counts), BMI (−0.2 counts), and diabetes (3 counts); and mean sit‐and‐reach was associated with 12‐month time period (5 cm), female gender (5 cm) and total medications (−0.9 cm). Using causal mediation analysis, our results show that total exercise classes partially mediates change in walking capacity among those with cardiovascular disease. Our study shows that significant and clinically important improvements in physical capacity outcomes in patients with severe obesity can be achieved following 12 months of intensive specialist obesity services, such as ours.
Northward range expansion in spring‐staging barnacle geese is a response to climate change and population growth, mediated by individual experience
Authors: Tombre Ingunn M. , Oudman Thomas , Shimmings Paul , Griffin Larry , Prop Jouke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAll long‐distance migrants must cope with changing environments, but species differ greatly in how they do so. In some species, individuals might be able to adjust by learning from individual experiences and by copying others. This could greatly speed up the process of adjustment, but evidence from the wild is scarce. Here, we investigated the processes by which a rapidly growing population of barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) responded to strong environmental changes on spring‐staging areas in Norway. One area, Helgeland, has been the traditional site. Since the mid‐1990s, an increasing number of geese stage in another area 250 km further north, Vesterålen. We collected data on goose numbers and weather conditions from 1975 to 2017 to explore the extent to which the increase in population size and a warmer climate contributed to this change in staging area use. During the study period, the estimated onset of grass growth advanced on average by 0.54 days/year in each of the two areas. The total production of digestible biomass for barnacle geese during the staging period increased in Vesterålen but remained stable in Helgeland. The goose population has doubled in size during the past 25 years, with most of the growth being accommodated in Vesterålen. The observations suggest that this dramatic increase would not have happened without higher temperatures in Vesterålen. Records of individually marked geese indicate that from the initial years of colonization onwards, especially young geese tended to switch to Vesterålen, thereby predominating in the flocks at Vesterålen. Older birds had a lower probability of switching to Vesterålen, but over the years, the probability increased for all ages. Our findings suggest that barnacle geese integrate socially learned behaviour with adjustments to individual experiences, allowing the population to respond rapidly and accurately to global change.
Robustness of trait connections across environmental gradients and growth forms
Authors: Flores‐Moreno Habacuc , Fazayeli Farideh , Banerjee Arindam , Datta Abhirup , Kattge Jens , Butler Ethan E. , Atkin Owen K. , Wythers Kirk , Chen Ming , Anand Madhur , Bahn Michael , Byun Chaeho , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Craine Joseph , Gonzalez‐Melo Andres , Hattingh Wesley N. , Jansen Steven , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Kramer Koen , Laughlin Daniel C. , Minden Vanessa , Niinemets Ülo , Onipchenko Vladimir , Peñuelas Josep , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Dalrymple Rhiannon L. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimPlant trait databases often contain traits that are correlated, but for whom direct (undirected statistical dependency) and indirect (mediated by other traits) connections may be confounded. The confounding of correlation and connection hinders our understanding of plant strategies, and how these vary among growth forms and climate zones. We identified the direct and indirect connections across plant traits relevant to competition, resource acquisition and reproductive strategies using a global database and explored whether connections within and between traits from different tissue types vary across climates and growth forms.LocationGlobal.Major taxa studiedPlants.Time periodPresent.MethodsWe used probabilistic graphical models and a database of 10 plant traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, mass‐ and area‐based leaf nitrogen and phosphorous content, leaf life span, plant height, stem specific density and seed mass) with 16,281 records to describe direct and indirect connections across woody and non‐woody plants across tropical, temperate, arid, cold and polar regions.ResultsTrait networks based on direct connections are sparser than those based on correlations. Land plants had high connectivity across traits within and between tissue types; leaf life span and stem specific density shared direct connections with all other traits. For both growth forms, two groups of traits form modules of more highly connected traits; one related to resource acquisition, the other to plant architecture and reproduction. Woody species had higher trait network modularity in polar compared to temperate and tropical climates, while non‐woody species did not show significant differences in modularity across climate regions.Main conclusionsPlant traits are highly connected both within and across tissue types, yet traits segregate into persistent modules of traits. Variation in the modularity of trait networks suggests that trait connectivity is shaped by prevailing environmental conditions and demonstrates that plants of different growth forms use alternative strategies to cope with local conditions.