bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deregulation of long noncoding RNA (TUG1) contributes to excessive podocytes apoptosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Shen Hongchun , Ming Yao , Xu Chuanlan , Xu Yanwen , Zhao Sha , Zhang Qiong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of how TUG1 interferes with the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC‐1α), which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to explore the regulatory relationship among TUG1, CHOP, PGC‐1α, and caspase‐3. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling was performed to confirm TUG1 involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) through influencing podocytes apoptosis. TUG1 was highly expressed in a cell following treatment with high glucose, and PGC‐1α and cleaved caspase‐3 levels were much lower, while CHOP level was much higher in high glucose group (HG), furthermore, CHOP inhibited PGC‐1α expression. TUG1 negatively regulated CHOP expression, and positively regulated PGC‐1α expression. Meanwhile, total caspase‐3 level in cell treated with or without HG transfected with CHOP small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), TUG1, and TUG1 siRNA showed no evident difference with their corresponding control, while CHOP siRNA and TUG1 evidently decreased, and TUG1 siRNA remarkably increased cleaved caspase‐3 level in HG or normal glucose groups in comparison with corresponding control. TUG1 and PGC‐1α levels were much lower, while CHOP level was much higher in participants diagnosed with DN. A higher level of CHOP protein and lower level of PGC‐1α were observed in subjects diagnosed with DN. Finally, podocytes apoptosis in the DN group was significantly promoted compared with that in nondiabetic renal disease group. Our current study has suggested for the first time that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TUG1 influenced podocytes apoptosis via mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)–CHOP–PGC‐1α signaling pathway in HG‐induced DN.
Ammonia and autophagy: An emerging relationship with implications for disorders with hyperammonemia
Authors: Soria Leandro R. , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola 
Published: January 2019

Abstract(Macro)autophagy/autophagy is a highly regulated lysosomal degradative process by which cells recycle their own nutrients, such as amino acids and other metabolites, to be reused in different biosynthetic pathways. Ammonia is a diffusible compound generated daily from catabolism of nitrogen‐containing molecules and from gastrointestinal microbiome. Ammonia homeostasis is tightly controlled in humans and ammonia is efficiently converted by the healthy liver into non‐toxic urea (through ureagenesis) and glutamine (through glutamine synthetase). Impaired ammonia detoxification leads to systemic hyperammonemia, a life‐threatening condition resulting in detrimental effects on central nervous system. Here, we review current understanding on the role of ammonia in modulation of autophagy and the potential implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of disorders with hyperammonemia.
TREM-1 regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by promoting NOX-dependent superoxide production
Authors: Baruah Sankar , Murthy Shubha , Keck Kathy , Galvan Isabel , Prichard Allan , Allen Lee-Ann H , Farrelly Mary , Klesney-Tait Julia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Neutrophil migration across tissue barriers to the site of injury involves integration of complex danger signals and is critical for host survival. Numerous studies demonstrate that these environmental signals fundamentally alter the responses of extravasated or “primed” neutrophils. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) plays a central role in modulating inflammatory signaling and neutrophil migration into the alveolar airspace. Using a genetic approach, we examined the role of TREM-1 in extravasated neutrophil function. Neutrophil migration in response to chemoattractants is dependent upon multiple factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated either extracellularly by epithelial cells or intracellularly by NADPH oxidase (NOX). We, therefore, questioned whether ROS were responsible for TREM-1-mediated regulation of migration. Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal neutrophils isolated from wild-type (WT) and TREM-1-deficient mice were stimulated with soluble and particulate agonists. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we demonstrated that NOX2-dependent superoxide production is impaired in TREM-1-deficient neutrophils. Consistent with these findings, we confirmed with Clark electrode that TREM-1-deficient neutrophils consume less oxygen. Next, we demonstrated that TREM-1 deficient neutrophils have impaired directional migration to fMLP and zymosan-activated serum as compared to WT neutrophils and that deletion or inhibition of NOX2 in WT but not TREM-1-deficient neutrophils significantly impaired direction sensing. Finally, TREM-1 deficiency resulted in decreased protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Thus, TREM-1 regulates neutrophil migratory properties, in part, by promoting AKT activation and NOX2-dependent superoxide production. These findings provide the first mechanistic evidence as to how TREM-1 regulates neutrophil migration.
NK cell metabolism
Authors: Gardiner Clair M 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNatural Killer (NK) cells are important antiviral and anticancer effector cells. They have excellent potential for immunotherapy although impaired functions during cancer limit their effectiveness. The discovery that cellular metabolism can impact on and regulate immune functions has led to an explosion of articles in this new area of immunometabolism. Metabolism has recently been shown to impact both murine and human NK cell biology. This review is targeted for newcomers to the field; it will introduce basic concepts in the area of immunometabolism including key aspects of glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function. It will review our current understanding of how metabolism of NK cells is differentially impacted in a variety of important situations. This is a rapidly expanding and exciting area of research that holds great potential for improving NK cell-based immunotherapies.
Ultrastructural and histochemical study of previtellogenic oogenesis in the desert lizard Scincus mitranus (Squamata, Sauropsida)
Authors: Aldokhi Othman A. , Alwasel Saleh , Harrath Abdel Halim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe structure of the granulosa in reptilian sauropsids varies between groups. We investigated the follicle development in the desert lizard Scincus mitranus. In the germinal bed, oogonia, and primary oocytes were identified and found to be interspersed between the epithelial cells. Previtellogenesis was divided into three stages: early, transitional, and late previtellogenic stages. During the early previtellogenic stage (diplotene), the oocyte is invested by small epithelia cells that formed a complete single layer, which may be considered as a young follicle. The transitional previtellogenic stage was marked by proliferation and differentiation of the granulosa layer from a homogenous layer consisting of only small cells to a heterogeneous layer containing three cell types: small, intermediate, and large cells. The late previtellogenic stage was marked by high‐synthetic activity of large cells and the initiation of cytoplasmic bridges between large granulosa cells and the oocyte. Small cells were the only type of granulosa cells that underwent division. Thus, these cells may be stem cells for the granulosa cell population and may develop into intermediate and subsequently large cells. The intermediate cells may be precursors of large cells, as suggested by their ultrastructure. The ultrastructure of the large granulosa was indicative of their high synthetic activity. Histochemical analysis indicated the presence of cholesterol and phospholipids in the cytoplasm of large cells, the zona pellucida, among the microvilli, in the bridges region, and in the cortical region of the oocyte cytoplasm. These materials may be transferred from large cells into the oocyte through cytoplasmic bridges and provide nutritive function to large cells rather than functioning in steroidogenesis or vitellogenesis.
Ion manipulation and enrichment mass spectrometer for cleavage of disulfide bond via ion/ion reaction
Authors: Ye Sijian , Li Ming , Jiang You , Gong Xiaoyun , Xiong Xingchuang , Liu Dajun , Zhao Bo , Fang Xiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel mass spectrometer with the capability of ion manipulation and enrichment was developed to perform gas‐phase ion/ion reactions followed by product ions accumulation. The development of this apparatus opens opportunities for more complex sequences of ion manipulations, thus offers the potential on extensive application involving ion/ion reaction. Here, cleavage of disulfide bond in peptide was demonstrated based upon this ion manipulation and enrichment mass spectrometer. Two typical peptides including S‐glutathionylated ARACAKA with an intermolecular disulfide bond, and oxytocin with an intramolecular disulfide bond were chosen as typical samples to demonstrate the ability of the apparatus. After ion/ion reaction between selected peptide cations and periodate ions (IO4−), two kinds of product ions (eg, [M + O + H]+ and [M + H + Na + IO4]+) were enriched with a number of accumulation events. Afterwards, the enriched ions were subjected to activation, and the disulfide bond cleavage was clearly observed from the tandem mass spectra. These results illustrate the potential of this apparatus for ion manipulation performing ion/ion reaction, and low abundance product ion enrichment.
Is the placental proteome impaired in well‐controlled gestational diabetes?
Authors: Burlina Silvia , Banfi Cristina , Brioschi Maura , Visentin Silvia , Dalfrà Maria Grazia , Traldi Pietro , Lapolla Annunziata 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the human placenta shows several pathological functional and structural changes, but the extent to which maternal glycemic control contributes to placental abnormalities remains unclear. The aim of this study was to profile and compare the proteome of placentas from healthy pregnant women and those with GDM, to investigate the placenta‐specific protein composition and possible changes of its function in presence of GDM. Quantitative proteomic analysis, based on LC‐MSE approach, revealed that higher (approximately 15% increase) levels of galectin 1 and collagen alpha‐1 XIV chain (although the difference regarding the latter was at the limit of significance) were present in GDM samples, while heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A/1B was less abundant in GDM placental tissue. These data seem to indicate that GDM, when well controlled, did not markedly affect the placental proteome.
Analytical performance of newly developed rapid point‐of‐care test for the simultaneous detection of hepatitis A, B, and C viruses in serum samples
Authors: Kweon Oh Joo , Lim Yong Kwan , Kim Hye Ryoun , Kim Tae‐Hyoung , Lee Mi‐Kyung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough immunoassays play a major role in the detection of hepatitis viruses, there is a need for a point‐of‐care (POC) test. We evaluated the EuDx‐HE (A,B,C) kit (EUDIPIA, Cheongju, Korea), which detects anti‐hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunoglobulin M (IgM), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) simultaneously using an immunochromatographic method within 15 minutes.MethodsA total of 1581 serum samples including 57, 477, and 451 samples positive for anti‐HAV IgM, HBsAg, and anti‐HBV IgG, respectively, were analyzed. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the EuDx‐HE (A,B,C) kit by comparison with SD BIOLINE POC kits (Abbott, Chicago, IL) using Architect immunoassays as a reference method.ResultsFor anti‐HAV IgM and HBsAg detection, the EuDx‐HE (A,B,C) kit showed a higher sensitivity and a slightly lower specificity than the SD BIOLINE kit. For anti‐HCV IgG detection, the EuDx‐HE (A,B,C) kit had a higher sensitivity and a higher specificity than the SD BIOLINE kit. The agreement for positivity between the POC tests was >89.47%, with κ values of 0.844, 0.941, and 0.943 for HAV, HBV, and HCV, respectively.ConclusionThe EuDx‐HE (A,B,C) kit showed an acceptable clinical performance for detecting anti‐HAV IgM, HBsAg, and anti‐HCV.
Influence of stems and metaphyseal sleeve on primary stability of cementless revision tibial trays used to reconstruct AORI IIB defects
Authors: Awadalla Maged , Al‐Dirini Rami M. A. , O'Rourke Dermot , Solomon Lucian B. , Heldreth Mark , Rullkoetter Paul , Taylor Mark 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMetaphyseal augments, such as sleeves, have been introduced to augment the fixation of revision total knee replacement (rTKR) components, and can be used with or without a stem. The effect of sleeve size in combination with stems on the primary stability and load transfer of a rTKR implant in AORI type IIB defects where the defect involves both condyles are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the primary stability of revision tibial tray augmented with a sleeve in an AORI type IIB defect which involves both condyles with loss of cortical and cancellous bone. Finite element models were generated from computed tomography (CT) scans of nine individuals. All the bones used in the study had an AORI type IIB defect. The cohort included eight females (mean weight: 64 kg, height: 1.6 m). Material properties were sampled from CT data and assigned to the FE model. Joint contact forces for level gait, stair descent, and squat were applied. Stemless sleeved implants under various loading conditions were shown to have adequate primary stability in all AORI type IIB defects investigated. Adding a stem only marginally improved the primary stability of the implant but reduced the strain in the metaphysis compared to stemless implants. Once good initial mechanical stability was established with a sleeve, there was no benefit, in terms of primary stability or bone strains, from increasing sleeve size. This study suggests that metaphyseal sleeves, without a stem, can provide the required primary stability required by a rTKR tibial implant, to reconstruct an AORI type IIB defect. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents and rat metabolites of the Wen‐Jing decoction by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Liu , Li Moying , Zhou Haifeng , Zhang Bei , Zhang Zhiqiang , Han Nina , Wu Tong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Wen‐Jing decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used as a blood‐activating and stasis‐eliminating drug to treat gynaecological syndromes, such as dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and menstrual disorders. However, its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The goal of this study was to characterize and identify multiple constituents and metabolites in Wen‐Jing decoction. An ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated in the present study for the first time. A total of 101 compounds, including 11 monoterpene glycosides, 19 flavonoids, 49 triterpene saponins, 5 phthalides, 3 phytoecdysones, and 14 others, were unambiguously or tentatively characterized by comparing their retention times and MS data with reference standards or with data reported in the literature. After oral administration of Wen‐Jing decoction, 27 compounds, including nine prototype compounds and 18 metabolites were detected in rat plasma. Thus, the ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry method was found to be efficient for in‐depth structural elucidation of chemical compounds in complex matrices of herbal medicines, which will provide useful chemical information for quality control and mechanism‐of‐action research.
Facile synthesis of magnetic zinc metal‐organic framework for extraction of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic fungicides from lettuce vegetable samples
Authors: Liu Guangyang , Huang Xiaodong , Lu Meng , Li Lingyun , Li Tengfei , Xu Donghui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a simple method for the fabrication of a magnetic amino‐functionalized zinc metal‐organic framework based on a magnetic graphene oxide composite. The resultant framework exhibited a porous 3D structure, high surface area and good adsorption properties for nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic fungicides. The adsorption process and capacity indicated that the primary adsorption mechanism might be hydrogen bonding and π‐π conjugation. In addition, an optimized protocol for magnetic solid phase extraction was developed (such as adsorbent content, pH, and desorption solvent), and utilized for the extraction of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic fungicides from vegetable samples. Quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry offered a detection limit of 0.21–1.0 μg/L (S/N = 3) with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9975. These results demonstrate that magnetic amino‐functionalized zinc metal‐organic framewor is a promising adsorbent for the extraction and quantitation of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic fungicides.
PLLA‐Grafted Gelatin Amphiphilic Copolymer and Its Self‐Assembled Nano Carrier for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Beibei Du , Tiantang Fan , Jiafeng Li , Li Gong , Qin Zhang , Wuyou Ye , Hongyun Tai , Wenxin Wang , Zhongyong Fan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of poly(l‐lactide)‐grafted gelatin (Gel‐g‐PLLA) copolymers are synthesized by coupling the amino groups of gelatin with different molar masses and the carboxyl endgroup of poly(l‐lactide) in the presence of 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride andN‐hydroxysuccinimide. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) data confirm the successful bonding between gelatin and PLLA. Self‐assembled micelles of copolymers are prepared by using the direct dissolution method. The size and micellar morphology are determined from dynamic light scattering as well as transmission electron microscopy measurements. Meanwhile, in vitro drug release reveals that Gel‐g‐PLLA micelles show excellent sustained‐release properties when used as the carrier of the anticancer drug paclitaxel. A burst release of about 70% is observed in the first 24 h. All these features, together with the outstanding biocompatibility, make Gel‐g‐PLLA micelles a promising drug carrier for cancer therapy.
A Robust Salty Water Adhesive by Counterion Exchange Induced Coacervate
Authors: Zhu Xiangwei , Wei Congying , Zhang Fang , Tang Qingquan , Zhao Qiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCounterion exchange of charged macromolecules has comprehensive implications in biological and synthetic systems such as protein function, biosignaling, ion conducting, and separation, but the correlation between the dynamic ion exchange, polyelectrolyte phase separation, and functionality remains elusive. Here, counterion exchange is exploited as a means to facilitate liquid–liquid phase separation and coacervates featuring higher stability and versatility compared with conventional complex coacervate. Self‐coacervation of a cationic polyelectrolyte (polyamidoamine‐epichlorohydrin, PAE‐Cl) occurs in broader conditions when its original counter anion (Cl−) is exchanged by bis(trifluoromethane‐sulphonyl)imide anion (TFSI−), as a result of TFSI− counter anions association instead of polyelectrolyte complexation. This coacervate is catechol‐free, easy to prepare, and highlights robust wet adhesion strength on diverse submerged surfaces in salty water (pH = 3–11), as demonstrated by its versatile capability of in situ underwater gluing and repairing without any pre‐immersive drying.
Technical Note: Single‐shot phase retrieval method for synchrotron‐based high‐energy x‐ray grating interferometry
Authors: Wang Zhili , Ren Kun , Shi Xiaomin , Liu Dalin , Wu Zhao , Gao Kun 
Published: January 2019

PurposeX‐ray grating interferometry (XGI) provides substantially increased contrast over conventional absorption‐based imaging methods and therefore shows great potential for future biomedical applications. In this work, we propose a single‐shot phase retrieval method for synchrotron‐based high‐energy x‐ray grating interferometry. Contrary to existing retrieval methods, the presented novel approach enables direct retrieval of the object's phase map quantitatively from a single projection image, thus significantly simplifying the experimental procedure and reducing data acquisition times.MethodsThe phase retrieval method is analytically derived, based on the phase‐attenuation duality of soft tissues when being imaged with high‐energy x rays. The sensitivity of the retrieved phase map, quantified by the standard deviation, is evaluated as a function of the photon number. Numerical experiments are performed to validate the proposed method and provide some quantitative insight.ResultsThe numerical results show that the method can provide high‐quality phase images, where the well‐known streak artifacts are significantly suppressed. Moreover, the retrieved phase maps confirm that the method is highly stable with respect to statistical noise.ConclusionsThanks to simplified experimental procedure and reduced acquisition time and dose deposition to the sample, we believe that this new method can find its potential in biomedical imaging and in vivo studies. Future work will focus on the adaptation of the method to polychromatic x ray from tube source and to computed tomography.
Exploring the tumour extracellular matrix by in vivo Fast Field Cycling relaxometry after the administration of a Gadolinium‐based MRI contrast agent
Authors: Baroni Simona , Ruggiero Maria Rosaria , Aime Silvio , Geninatti Crich Simonetta 
Published: January 2019

Abstract1H Fast Field Cycling NMR (FFC‐NMR) relaxometry is proposed as a powerful method to investigate tumour stroma in vivo upon the administration of a Gd‐based contrast agent. To perform this study, an FFC‐NMR equipment endowed with a wide bore magnet was used for the acquisition of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Dispersion profiles on healthy muscle and tumour tissue in living mice. At magnetic field strengths < of ca. 1 MHz, the differences in the relaxation rates of the intra and extracellular compartment become of the same order of magnitude of the exchange rate across the cellular membranes. Under this condition, the water exchange rate between the two compartments yields to a biexponential magnetization recovery that can be analysed by fitting the experimental data with the two‐Site eXchange (2SX) model. Using this model, it was possible to obtain, for the two compartments, both relaxation properties and water kinetic constants for water exchange across cell membranes. The method allowed us to determine the effect of the “matrix” on the water proton relaxation times and, in turn, to get some insights of the composition of this compartment, till now, largely unknown.