bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ondansetron – a promising adjunctive treatment for persistent schizophrenia
Authors: Kulkarni Jayashri , Thomas Natalie , Hudaib Abdul-Rahman , Gavrilidis Emorfia , Gurvich Caroline 
Published: October 2018

Background: Ondansetron is a serotonin 3 receptor antagonist widely used to prevent nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and in patients receiving chemotherapy. There is growing evidence that adjunctive ondansetron treatment improves symptomatology associated with schizophrenia, particularly with respect to the positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Further studies that are applicable to real world practice are required to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of this treatment, which could be readily and rapidly translated into clinical practice. Aims: This randomized control trial compared adjunctive (8 mg/daily) ondansetron or placebo to commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics for people suffering with chronic schizophrenia ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01121042). Methods: The study involved 85 outpatients aged 18–65 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who participated in a two-arm randomized control trial. Results: Longitudinal analyses revealed adjunctive ondansetron provided significant improvement in the cognitive domain ( p<0.05) as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale between baseline and week 12. The analysis of “Combination” showed ondansetron effect on Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, approaching significance by week 12 ( p=0.06). No group differences were obtained in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale or Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale subscales. Conclusion: This treatment trial provides some support for adjunctive ondansetron medication as a treatment for the cognitive disorganization symptoms of schizophrenia.
Long-term comparisons of the efficacy, safety, and pregnancy outcomes of adjuvant tamoxifen plus ovarian function suppression in premenopausal Han and Zhuang Chinese patients with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer
Authors: Tang Shicong , Zhang Qiong , Tang Xianghui , Chen Dong , Zhang Fan , Liu Jianlun , Wei Wei , Liu Dequan 
Published: October 2018

Objective To compare the efficacy, safety, and pregnancy outcomes of tamoxifen plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) between Han and Zhuang women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Methods A total of 236 Han and 101 Zhuang women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who received tamoxifen plus OFS were analyzed retrospectively. Long-term disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and adverse events and pregnancy outcomes were assessed by χ2 and Fisher’s exact-probability tests. Results There was no significant difference in DFS or OS between Han and Zhuang women (5-year DFS 74.57% and 77.23%, OS 85.59% and 90.01%, respectively). The incidences of endometrial hyperplasia, ovarian cysts, nausea and vomiting, fatty liver, retinitis, and thrombocytopenic purpura were similar in both groups, but Zhuang women had significantly more allergic reactions (6.93% vs. 2.12%). Pregnancy rates among women who attempted pregnancy were similar (Han, 7/138, 5.07%; Zhuang, 2/46, 4.35%). Conclusions OFS plus tamoxifen resulted in similar DFS and OS among premenopausal Han and Zhuang women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, Zhuang women were more likely to experience an allergic reaction. For women with fertility concerns, OFS plus tamoxifen was associated with similar pregnancy rates in Zhuang and Han women.
Is Competition Necessarily Efficient? An Answer through the History of Neoclassical Theory
Authors: Berthonnet Irène 
Published: October 2018

The paper challenges the idea that neoclassical economics has demonstrated competition’s efficiency. It does so by retracing the history of Pareto’s criterion (in general equilibrium and in modern neoclassical economics), showing that it is only after a few shifts and transformations that it became an “efficiency” criterion while it was never called that in Pareto’s work. Widespread belief that competition is efficient is rather the result of ideology than of rigorous neoclassical demonstration. JEL Classification: B13, B21, P16
Professionalizing peer instructor skills in basic life support training for medical students: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Benthem Yvet , van de Pol Eva MR , Draaisma Jos MTh , Donders Rogier , van Goor Harry , Tan Edward CTH 
Published: October 2018

Background:The Radboud university medical center designed an obligatory basic life support and first‐aid course for first‐year medical students.Objectives:We evaluated the value of an additional train‐the‐trainer course following European Resuscitation Council guidelines, which focuses on practical basic life support training and providing feedback, in comparison with standard in‐service instructor training.Methods:This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial. A total of 10 intervention instructors, 14 control instructors, and 337 first‐year medical students participated in the study. Students, blinded for the type of instructor, completed questionnaires evaluating the quality of the basic life support training (theoretical and practical) and provided feedback. The secondary endpoint was the basic life support examination to assess whether the instructors’ training influenced the quality of the participants’ basic life support.Results:The response rate of the questionnaire was 82% on average. No differences were found between intervention and control group concerning theoretical basic life support training. The intervention instructors scored significantly higher on practical basic life support training according to student evaluations (p < 0.001). The pass rate on basic life support examinations did not differ significantly (p = 0.669). Appreciation of given feedback was independent of instructors’ educational training.Conclusion:This study is the first to establish that the 12‐h train‐the‐trainer course following European Resuscitation Council guidelines improves students’ appreciation of practical basic life support training. The additional course did not influence appreciation of theoretical basic life support training or perceived feedback.
Labral hypertrophy correlates with borderline hip dysplasia and microinstability in femoroacetabular impingement: a matched case-control analysis
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict U , Gaudiani Michael A , Marsh Nathan A , Ranawat Anil S 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The goal of this study was to: (1) investigate the association between labral hypertrophy and radiographic and computed tomography (CT) imaging measurements of dysplasia in a femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) cohort; (2) evaluate the association between physical examination parameters suggestive of microinstability and labral hypertrophy. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed. Labral hypertrophy was defined as intraoperative labral width measuring greater >4 mm. A control cohort (NL) was matched to the cases. Physical examination parameters and preoperative radiographic and CT imaging studies were reviewed. Results: 231 hip arthroscopies for FAI were reviewed from which 42 cases of labral hypertrophy were identified (LH). In the LH group there was significantly increased hip internal rotation at 90° hip flexion compared to normal controls (13.6° ± 1 0.7° LH vs. 9.3° ± 6.2° NL; p = 0.04). On plain radiographs, the mean lateral centre-edge angle was smaller in the LH group compared to the NL group (27.6° ± 6.00° LH vs. 31.6° ± 6.59° NL; p < 0.001) and the acetabular index was larger in the LH group compared to the NL group (6.61 ± 4.18 LH vs. 4.14 ± 6.13 NL; p = 0.04). On CT imaging coronal sagittal CEA was significantly lower in LH cases compared to NL control (31.8° ± 5.30° LH vs. 35.1° ± 7.67° NL; p = 0.01). Conclusions: We found that patients with labral hypertrophy have radiographic and CT measurements consistent with subtle but not absolute dysplasia and physical examination findings suggestive of microinstability. We propose that labral hypertrophy can be a useful clinical tool for identifying FAI patients on the dysplasia spectrum.
Comparison of 90-Day Perioperative Outcomes in Shoulder Arthroplasty Between the Elderly and Nonelderly Patients
Authors: Crook Paul D. , Foster William C. , Kates Stephen L. , Korpon Jonathan R. , Ortega Gustavo A. , Boardman Douglas N. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: As life expectancy increases, the incidence of shoulder arthroplasty continues to increase as well. There are few shoulder arthroplasty studies investigating perioperative complication, readmission, and mortality. Furthermore, with bundled payments on the horizon, the cost of shoulder arthroplasty has become a significant issue. Clarifying risk factors for the need for postdischarge acute care will be critical information due to the high cost of such care. The goal of this study was to compare discharge disposition, length of stay (LOS), perioperative complications, readmission, and mortality in elderly and nonelderly cohorts to determine whether age is a risk factor for shoulder arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively compared 89 elderly patients (80 years or older) and 86 nonelderly patients (79 years or younger) who underwent hemiarthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, or revision shoulder arthroplasty from 2007 to 2015. Baseline characteristics were compared between the 2 cohorts. We then compared discharge disposition, LOS, 90-day complication rate, readmission, and mortality between the 2 cohorts. Results: Average length of hospitalization and percentage of patients with greater than 2 days of hospitalization were significantly higher in the elderly cohorts. Forty-four percent of the elderly cohorts were discharged to a skilled nursing facility compared to 6% in the nonelderly cohorts ( P < .0001). There were no significant differences found in 90-day major complication rate, readmission, or mortality. Discussion: Shoulder arthroplasty is a valuable surgery for various indications in the elderly population. However, the likelihood of a patient to need a prolonged hospitalization or skilled nursing facility care after surgery are important questions that need to be answered. Our study shows that age over 80 years is a risk factor for prolonged hospitalization and need for skilled nursing facility care after shoulder arthroplasty. Conclusion: We conclude that elderly patients who undergo shoulder arthroplasty are significantly more likely to have extended hospitalizations and to be discharged to skilled nursing facilities compared to nonelderly patients.
Use of iris pattern recognition to evaluate ocular torsional changes associated with head tilt
Authors: Hussein Mohamed , Coats David 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To describe the use of enhanced iris images and a computer software program to quantify ocular torsional changes associated with head tilt. Methods: Pixel coordinates of the pupil and different iris landmarks were obtained manually using paint program from digital images of the right and left iris of 3 subjects with normal extraocular motility. Photographs of the right eye and of the left eye were taken in the straight-ahead position and at various degrees of right and left head tilt. A computer software program converted the x- and y-pixel coordinates into angles of rotation after averaging multiple points and determining the degree and the direction of torsion for each eye. The degree of head tilt was mathematically calculated from the digital images. The degree and the direction of ocular torsion were correlated with the degree and the direction of head tilt. Results: The average degree of head tilt was 27.5 degrees (from 8 to 43 degrees). The average intorsion of the lower eye per degree of head tilt was 0.61 degrees (from 0.54 to 0.65 degrees). The average extorsion of the higher eye per degree of head tilt was 0.56 degrees (from 0.43 to 0.60 degrees). The average ocular torsional changes strongly correlated with the degree of head tilt (correlation coefficient = 0.92). Conclusions: Computer-assisted iris pattern recognition and analysis of the ocular torsional changes associated with head tilt may provide a useful and objective means of assessing ocular torsion.
Estimating the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in a low-incidence setting: Australia
Authors: Dale Katie Dorothy , Trauer James McCracken , Dodd Pete J. , Houben Rein M.G.J. , Denholm Justin Timothy 
Published: October 2018

Migration is a key driver of tuberculosis (TB) in many low-incidence settings, with the majority of TB cases attributed to reactivation of latent TB (LTBI) acquired overseas. A greater understanding of LTBI risk in heterogeneous migrant populations would aid health planning. We aimed to estimate the LTBI prevalence and distribution among locally born and overseas-born Australians.Annual risks of TB infection estimates were applied to population cohorts (by country of birth, year of arrival and age) in Australian census data in 2006, 2011 and 2016.Both the absolute number and proportion of Australian residents with LTBI increased from 4.6% (interquartile range (IQR) 4.2–5.2%) in 2006 to 5.1% (IQR 4.7–5.5%) in 2016, due to the increasing proportion of the population born overseas (23.8% in 2006 to 28.3% in 2016). Of all residents estimated to have LTBI in 2016; 93.2% were overseas born, 21.6% were aged <35 years and 34.4% had migrated to Australia since 2007.The overall prevalence of LTBI in Australia is low. Some residents, particularly migrants from high-incidence settings, may have considerably higher risk of LTBI, and these findings allow for tailored public health interventions to reduce the risk and impact of future TB disease.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MicroRNA-9 modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) repair severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) via inducing angiogenesis in rats
Authors: Qian Daohai , Song Guodong , Ma Zhilong , Wang Guannan , Jin Lei , Hu Minghua , Song Zhenshun , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an acute abdominal disease characterized by pancreatic necrosis and systemic disease. In a previous study, we showed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can reduce SAP by secreting microRNA (miR)-9; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study investigated the mechanism underlying BMSC-induced pancreatic regeneration.

Methods
BMSCs were isolated, and miR-9 modified/antagonized BMSCs (pri-miR-9-BMSCs/TuD-BMSCs) were generated and injected into SAP rats. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and histopathologic changes were examined using ELISA and H&E staining. Angiogenesis was analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Cell function tests, dual luciferase reporter assays, cell co-culture, western blotting, and cell tracing were used to explore the mechanisms underlying miR-9 induced angiogenesis.

Results
Pri-miR-9-BMSCs induced angiogenesis in SAP rats (Ang-1↑, TIE-2↑, and CD31↑) and repaired damaged vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vitro, promoting angiogenesis (Ang-1↑, TIE-2↑, PI3K↑, AKT↑, p-AKT↑, CD31↑, and CD34↑). Pri-miR-9-BMSCs released miR-9 into VECs or injured pancreatic tissue, targeting the VE-cadherin gene and promoting PI3K/AKT signaling to treat SAP (VE-cadherin↓, β-catenin↓, PI3K↑, p-AKT↑), whereas antagonizing miR-9 in BMSCs did not alleviate or aggravated SAP.

Conclusions
Pri-miR-9-BMSCs can repair injured pancreatic tissue by secreting miR-9 and promoting angiogenesis.
Identification of fractured carbonate vuggy reservoirs in the S48 well area using 3D 3C seismic technique: A case history from the Tarim Basin
Authors: Li Zongjie , Wang Yun , Yang Zichuan , Li Haiying , Yu Guangming 
Published: October 2018

As a type of carbonate reservoir and main oil-gas production formation in the Tarim Basin, China, fractures and paleokarst caves in Ordovician limestone are the targets of interest for seismic exploration in the S48 well area. Although conventional 3D, high-density, and wide-azimuth seismic acquisition has been widely applied in the Tarim Basin, we still need to determine what 3D 3C seismic data can further do for the characterization and fluid detection of the carbonate reservoir. In the S48 well area of the Tahe oilfield, we had acquired 3D 3C seismic data with single digital 3C sensors at the same grid, whereas the traditional 1C acquisition had arrayed geophones. Through comparison and analysis of two kinds of seismic data, including field records and migration profiles, some important characteristics can be found: (1) The [Formula: see text]
Progesterone Receptor Status Predicts Response to Progestin Therapy in Endometriosis
Authors: Flores Valerie A , Vanhie Arne , Dang Tran , Taylor Hugh S 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Context
Progestin-based therapy is the first-line treatment for managing endometriosis-associated pain. However, response to progestins is currently variable and unpredictable. Predictive markers for response to progestin-based therapy would allow for a personalized approach to endometriosis treatment.

Objective
We hypothesize that progesterone receptor (PR) levels in endometriotic lesions determine response to progestin-based therapy.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Academic center.

Patients
Fifty-two subjects with histologically confirmed endometriosis and a previous documented response to hormonal therapy were included.

Interventions
Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of endometriotic lesions using a rabbit polyclonal IgG for detection of PR-A/B.

Main Outcome Measures
The Histo (H)-score was used for quantifying PR status. Response to progestin-based therapies was determined from review of the electronic medical record.

Results
H-score was higher in responders compared with nonresponders. Subjects were categorized into three groups: high (H-score &gt; 80, n = 7), medium (H-score 6 to 80, n = 28), and low (H-score ≤ 5, n = 17) PR status. The threshold of PR &gt; 80 was associated with a 100% positive predictive value. The threshold of PR &lt; 5 was associated with a 94% negative predictive value.

Conclusion
PR status is strongly associated with response to progestin-based therapy. Receptor status in endometriosis could be used to tailor hormonal-based regimens after surgery, and negate trialing progestin-based therapy to determine resistance. Ascertainment of PR status may allow for a novel, targeted, precision-based approach to treating endometriosis.
Unilateral Adrenalectomy Could Be a Valid Option for Primary Nodular Adrenal Disease: Evidence From Twins
Authors: Kyrilli Aglaia , Lytrivi Maria , Bouquegneau Marie Sylvie , Demetter Pieter , Lucidi Valerio , Garcia Camilo , Moreno-Reyes Rodrigo , Tabarin Antoine , Corvilain Bernard , Driessens Natacha 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD) accounts for &lt;1% of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome. We describe the case of twin female patients with PPNAD who both had sustainable disease control after unilateral adrenalectomy, which corroborates current evidence in favor of unilateral adrenalectomy for a subset of patients with PPNAD. Patient A presented with a 10-kg weight gain over the past year and facial plethora. Diagnostic evaluation revealed abolition of normal cortisol rhythm with suppressed ACTH levels, normal adrenal CT and MRI imaging and a slightly left-predominant adrenal uptake on 131I iodomethyl norcholesterol scintigraphy coupled with single-photon emission CT/CT. PPNAD was confirmed after genetic testing revealed a known pathogenic PRKA1A mutation (c.709 (-7-2) del6). At that time, her twin sister (patient B) was asymptomatic. Patient A underwent successful unilateral adrenalectomy and histology confirmed PPNAD. Two years after initial onset of symptoms in patient A, patient B was seen for the same subtle symptoms of progressive weight gain. Diagnostic test results were identical, revealing the same clinical features and mutational status as patient A. Patient B also underwent unilateral adrenalectomy with a favorable outcome. Follow-up 3 years after surgery for patient A and 18 months for patient B showed sustained disease control without recurrence and uncompromised quality of life, with no adrenal insufficiency having occurred. Unilateral adrenalectomy can be a successful therapeutic approach for patients with PPNAD with a mild phenotype without the risk and the inconvenience of subsequent adrenal insufficiency, which alters quality of life.
Objective Epidural Space Identification Using Continuous Real-Time Pressure Sensing Technology: A Randomized Controlled Comparison With Fluoroscopy and Traditional Loss of Resistance
Authors: Gebhard Ralf E. , Moeller-Bertram Tobias , Dobecki Douglas , Peralta Feyce , Pivalizza Evan G. , Rupasinghe Madhumani , Ilic Sanja , Hochman Mark 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Performance of epidural anesthesia and analgesia depends on successful identification of the epidural space (ES). While multiple investigations have described objective and alternative methodologies to identify the ES, traditional loss of resistance (LOR) and fluoroscopy (FC) are currently standard of care in labor and delivery (L&D) and chronic pain (CP) management, respectively. While FC is associated with high success, it exposes patients to radiation and requires appropriate radiological equipment. LOR is simple but subjective and consequently associated with higher failure rates. The purpose of this investigation was to compare continuous, quantitative, real-time, needle-tip pressure sensing using a novel computer-controlled ES identification technology to FC and LOR for lumbar ES identification.

METHODS:
A total of 400 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled noninferiority trial. In the CP management arm, 240 patients scheduled to receive a lumbar epidural steroid injection had their ES identified either with FC or with needle-tip pressure measurement. In the L&D arm, 160 female patients undergoing lumbar epidural catheter placements were randomized to either LOR or needle-tip pressure measurement. Blinded observers determined successful ES identification in both arms. A modified intention-to-treat protocol was implemented, with patients not having the procedure for reasons preceding the intervention excluded. Noninferiority of needle-tip pressure measurement regarding the incidence of successful ES identification was claimed when the lower limit of the 97.27% confidence interval (CI) for the odds ratio (OR) was above 0.50 (50% less likely to identify the ES) and P value for noninferioirty <.023.

RESULTS:
Demographics were similar between procedure groups, with a mild imbalance in relation to gender when evaluated through a standardized difference. Noninferiority of needle-tip pressure measurement was demonstrated in relation to FC where pain management patients presented a 100% success rate of ES identification with both methodologies (OR, 1.1; 97.27% CI, 0.52–8.74; P = .021 for noninferiority), and L&D patients experienced a noninferior success rate with the novel technology (97.1% vs 91%; OR, 3.3; 97.27% CI, 0.62–21.54; P = .019) using a a priori noninferiority delta of 0.50.

CONCLUSIONS:
Objective lumbar ES identification using continuous, quantitative, real-time, needle-tip pressure measurement with the CompuFlo Epidural Computer Controlled Anesthesia System resulted in noninferior success rates when compared to FC and LOR for CP management and L&D, respectively. Benefits of this novel technology may include nonexposure of patients to radiation and contrast medium and consequently reduced health care costs.