bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
τ$\tau$‐Inflated Beta Regression Model for Estimating τ$\tau$‐Restricted Means and Event‐Free Probabilities for Censored Time‐to‐Event Data
Authors: Wang Yizhuo , Murray Susan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this research, we propose analysis of ‐restricted censored time‐to‐event data via a ‐inflated beta regression (‐IBR) model. The outcome of interest is , where and are the time‐to‐event and follow‐up duration, respectively. Our analysis goals include estimation and inference related to ‐restricted mean survival time (‐RMST) values and event‐free probabilities at that address the censored nature of the data. In this setting, it is common to observe many individuals with , a point mass that is typically overlooked in ‐restricted event‐time analyses. Our proposed ‐IBR model is based on a decomposition of into . We model the mean of this latter expression using joint logistic and beta regression models that are fit using an expectation‐maximization algorithm. An alternative multiple imputation (MI) algorithm for fitting the ‐IBR model has the additional advantage of producing uncensored datasets for analysis. Simulations indicate excellent performance of the ‐IBR model(s), and corresponding ‐RMST estimates, in independent and dependent censoring settings. We apply our method to the Azithromycin for Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbations Trial. In addition to ‐IBR model results providing a nuanced understanding of the treatment effect, visually appealing heatmaps of the ‐restricted event times based on our MI datasets are given, a visualization not typically available for censored time‐to‐event data.
A Matched Design for Causal Inference With Survey Data: Evaluation of Medical Marijuana Legalization in Kentucky and Tennessee
Authors: Benedetti Marco H. , Lu Bo , Zhu Motao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA concern surrounding marijuana legalization is that driving after marijuana use may become more prevalent. Survey data are valuable for estimating policy effects, however their observational nature and unequal sampling probabilities create challenges for causal inference. To estimate population‐level effects using survey data, we propose a matched design and implement sensitivity analyses to quantify how robust conclusions are to unmeasured confounding. Both theoretical justification and simulation studies are presented. We found no support that marijuana legalization increased tolerant behaviors and attitudes toward driving after marijuana use, and these conclusions seem moderately robust to unmeasured confounding.
Resting‐State Electroencephalogram Complexity Is Associated With Oral Ketamine Treatment Response: A Bayesian Analysis of Lempel–Ziv Complexity and Multiscale Entropy
Authors: Mitchell Jules S. , Anijärv Toomas E. , Can Adem T. , Dutton Megan , Hermens Daniel F. , Lagopoulos Jim 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSubanesthetic doses of ketamine are a promising novel treatment for suicidality; however, the evidence for predictive biomarkers is sparse. Recently, measures of complexity, including Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZC) and multiscale entropy (MSE), have been implicated in ketamine's therapeutic action. We evaluated electroencephalogram (EEG)‐derived LZC and MSE differences between responders and nonresponders to oral ketamine treatment.MethodsA total of 31 participants received six single, weekly (titrated) doses of oral racemic ketamine (0.5–3 mg/kg) and underwent EEG scans at baseline (Week 0), post‐treatment (Week 6), and follow‐up (Week 10). Resting‐state (eyes closed and open) recordings were processed in EEGLAB, and complexity metrics were extracted using the Neurokit2 package. Participants were designated responders or nonresponders by clinical response (Beck Suicide Scale [BSS] score reduction of ≥ 50% from baseline to the respective timepoint or score ≤ 6) and then compared in terms of complexity across resting‐state conditions and time.ResultsEmploying a Bayesian mixed effects model, we found strong evidence that LZC was higher in the eyes‐open compared to eyes‐closed condition, as were MSE scales 1–3. At a global level, responders displayed elevated eyes‐open baseline complexity compared to nonresponders, with these values decreasing from baseline to post‐treatment (Week 6) in responders only. Exploratory analyses revealed that the elevated baseline eyes‐open LZC in responders was spatially localized to the left frontal lobe (F1, AF3, FC1, and F3).ConclusionEEG‐complexity metrics may be sensitive biomarkers for evaluating and predicting oral ketamine treatment response, with the left prefrontal cortex bein a possible treatment response region.
Study on the correlation between aroma compounds and texture of cooked rice: A case study of 15 Japonica rice species from Northeast China
Authors: Ye Guodong , Guan Lina , Zhang Min , Li Sixuan , Mi Yongjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe texture and aroma of cooked rice are two key properties that determine its eating quality (EQ), but the correlation between them needs to be clarified. To better reveal the relationship between the two, 15 japonica rice samples from Northeast China were selected. The sensory evaluation method was used to evaluate rice's EQ intuitively. Then, the texture analyzer and gas chromatography‐olfactometry‐mass spectrometry (GC‐O‐MS) were used to analyze the texture and aroma characteristics of cooked rice. Finally, a Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the sensory evaluation results, aroma compounds, and texture of the cooked rice.FindingsThe sensory evaluation scores in the Jilin and Liaoning regions were higher than those in the Heilongjiang region. The hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of cooked rice in the Jilin region were lower than those in the Heilongjiang and Liaoning regions. The sample in Heilongjiang had the highest content of aroma compounds, but it was inversely proportional to the odor score in the sensory evaluation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that hexanal, (E)‐2‐heptenal, octanal, and (E)‐2‐octenal were negatively correlated with cooked rice hardness, while hexanal, octanal, and (E)‐2‐dodecenal were positively correlated with cohesiveness.ConclusionAroma compounds and texture jointly determine the EQ of cooked rice, and a certain correlation exists between the two. Therefore, it is feasible to develop rice products with good texture and aroma based on this correlation.
Schwannoma of the Soft Palate: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Adhikari Manoj , Jha Kanistika , Kunwar Shova , Sarita K.C. , Rayamajhi Mallika 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOral schwannomas are rare, with only 18 cases of soft palate involvement reported since 1985. We report a case of a 15‐year‐old male with a soft palate schwannoma who was successfully treated by surgical excision and had no complications over a one‐year follow‐up. Histologically, schwannomas exhibit Antoni A and B patterns.
Navigating the Needles: Unveiling the Risks of Acupuncture: A Case Report
Authors: Arora Harkesh , Sivasubramanian Dhiran , Sivakumar Sinduja , Yadunath Sivaguha , Avula Sreekant 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAcupuncture, an increasingly popular alternative medical therapy, has heightened the demand for information on its safety profile. This is a case report involving a 28‐year‐old female who presented with intense right‐sided chest pain and breathlessness after an acupuncture session where needles were inserted into her chest wall. The immediate medical evaluation revealed a tension pneumothorax with radiographic evidence of a mediastinal shift, compelling, urgent intervention via chest tube insertion. The patient's symptoms persisted for 2 days before the pneumothorax diminished, facilitating the removal of the chest tube. This case emphasizes the atypical presentation of pneumothorax after acupuncture, suggesting a delayed onset of symptoms possibly related to the size of the bronchopleural fistula formed by the acupuncture needle. While acupuncture‐related adverse events are uncommon, serious life‐threatening complications like tension pneumothorax underscore the necessity for rigorous safety standards. Amidst the growing popularity of acupuncture, this report urges healthcare professionals to be aware of and report such incidents for enhanced patient education and safety.Trial Registration: This is not an interventional study. We only reported the patient's findings from our database as a case report
Cyclometalated IrIII Complex Possessing Chiral MIC ligand: Regiospecific sp3 C−H Activation and Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketone
Authors: Saha Tarak Nath , Mondal Bhaskar , Mahato Rina , Naskar Rajat , Hazra Chinmoy Kumar , Maity Ramananda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCyclometalation offers a wide number of organometallic metallacycles showing diverse applications. However, such NHC complexes synthesized via an sp3 C−H bond activation are rare. An iridium(III) complex with a chiral mesoionic N‐heterocyclic carbene (MIC) ligand, where the IrIII forms an additional Ir−C bond via a regiospecific sp3 C−H bond activation at the N‐methylbenzyl wingtip, was synthesized and characterized. To our best knowledge, this represents the first example of cyclometalated iridium(III) complex possessing a chiral MIC donor ligand. The formation of the complex was followed by 2D correlation NMR spectroscopy and the molecular formula mass was evidenced by ESI‐HRMS mass spectrometry. The molecular structure of the IrIII‐MIC complex was unambiguously established by the single crystal XRD data. This cyclometalated IrIII complex was employed in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 4‐bromoacetophenone, and the complex was successful to transfer chirality to the final alcohol molecules (up to 92 % ee).
The Photophysics of Naphthalimide‐Phenoselenazine Electron Donor‐Acceptor Dyads: Revisiting the Heavy‐Atom Effect in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Pei Yuying , Sukhanov Andrey A. , Chen Xi , Iagatti Alessandro , Doria Sandra , Dong Xin , Zhao Jianzhang , Li Yanqin , Chi Weijie , Voronkova Violeta K. , Di Donato Mariangela , Dick Bernhard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe prepared thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter dyads, NI‐PTZ, NI‐PTZ‐2Br and NI‐PSeZ, with naphthalimide (NI) as electron acceptor and 10H‐phenothiazine (PTZ) or 10H‐phenoselenazine (PSeZ) as electron donor to study the heavy‐atom effect on the intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse ISC (rISC) in the TADF emitters. The delayed fluorescence lifetimes of the dyads containing heavy atoms (
=5.9 μs for NI‐PSeZ and
=16.5 μs for NI‐PTZ‐2Br, respectively) are longer than the heavy atom‐free counterpart NI‐PTZ (
=2.0 μs). Nanosecond transient absorption (ns‐TA) spectral study and the time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra show the presence of both 3LE and 3CS states. These findings represent solid experimental evidences for the spin‐vibronic coupling mechanism of TADF. Moreover, the ns‐TA spectra show that the heavy atoms don't have a significant effect since the lifetime of the triplet transient species (1.3 μs for NI‐PTZ) is not shortened in their presence (4.5 μs for NI‐PSeZ and 5.3 μs for NI‐PTZ‐2Br). These results show that the previously claimed heavy‐atom effect on rISC and TADF is not a universal principle. The femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectra of the compounds indicate the occurrence of fast charge separation within 1–2 ps, and the charge recombination is slow (>4 ns)
Reductive Depolymerization of Lignin to Aromatic Compounds over Promoted Nickel Catalysts in Sub‐ and Supercritical Methanol
Authors: Parker Julia , Santillan‐Jimenez Eduardo , Harman‐Ware Anne E. , Umenweke Great C. , Heintz Olivier , Caboche Gilles , Crocker Mark 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe use of γ‐Al2O3‐supported Ni catalysts promoted with either Cu or Fe was investigated for the reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of hybrid poplar in methanol at 200 and 250 °C. The effectiveness of lignin depolymerization was quantified in terms of the lignin oil production, the quantity and distribution of identifiable monomers present in the lignin oil, and the yield of residual solids. All of the Ni‐based catalysts tested provided improved yields of lignin oil and monomers, along with reduced char formation, relative to blank (sans catalyst) runs. The highest monomer yield of 51 % was obtained at 250 °C over a 20 wt.% Ni‐5 wt.% Cu/Al2O3 catalyst, the improved performance obtained through Cu promotion being attributed to the ability of Cu to facilitate NiO reduction, resulting in an increased amount of Ni0 on the catalyst surface and, consequently, improved hydrogenation activity. The main monomers formed were propanol‐, propyl‐ and propenyl‐substituted guaiacol and syringol, the S/G ratio of the products corresponding closely to that in the native lignin.
A Differential LNA Employing Feedforward and Complementary Techniques for Integration of 5G Sub‐6 GHz With Legacy Communication Standards
Authors: Moghaddam Navid Habibpour , Maghami Mohammad Hossein , Bod Mohammad , Mohammadi Fatemeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a highly linear, wideband low noise amplifier (WBLNA) with differential structure in 0.13‐μm CMOS Technology. The proposed WBLNA is designed for a 2‐ to 6‐GHz band that covers multiple standards, such as Bluetooth, Wi‐Fi, 3G, 4G, and 5G sub‐6‐GHz band. The presented circuit utilizes a well combination of recently published techniques, including inductive source degeneration, inductively series‐peaking common source stage, cross‐coupled topology, distributed structure, and noise cancelation methods. Moreover, the proposed amplifier utilizes feedforward and complementary techniques to attenuate both second‐ and third‐order nonlinearity effects and improve the nonlinearity favorably. According to the post‐layout simulation results, the proposed LNA achieves input return loss (S11) lower than −10 dB, input third‐order intercept point (IIP3) in between 13.42 and 13.48 dBm, flat noise figure (NF) of 3.4 ± 0.2, and flat power gain (S21) of 12.93 ± 0.2 dB over 2‐ to 6‐GHz frequency range. Furthermore, the proposed circuit meets the average input second‐order intercept point (IIP2) of 64.5 dBm at 6 GHz and figure of merit (FOM) of 30.05 GHz while drawing 16.73 mA from the 1.2 V power supply.
Investigating the Association Between Family Socioeconomic Profile and Diabetes Control in Children: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Sudan
Authors: Hajomer Hiba Ali Elzaki , Elkhidir Osama Ahmed , Mohammed Rooa , Elhassan Suodad , Abdelrahim Aya , Mohammed Yousra Ibrahim Abdallah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsDiabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in childhood which significantly impacts quality of life, morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic background of children with diabetes and their families and to assess its association with diabetes control.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State, Sudan, in 2018, at three outpatient diabetes clinics, using standardised questionnaires. We included 138 diabetic children (T1D and T2D) aged 2–18 years using systematic random sampling. Descriptive statistics, economic indicator and inferential statistics were applied using SPSS version 20. An HbA1C level of > 7.0% was set as the cut‐point for uncontrolled diabetes. A p‐value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean age of the children was 11.1 (3.64) years. Over half of the respondents were not covered by any insurance scheme and 73% lived in urban areas. Mothers had a mean age of 37.3 (7.8), with one‐fourth being illiterate, while fathers had a mean age of 45.4 (9.3). Twenty per cent of parents had higher education. Two‐thirds of the participants had their HbA1C levels checked within the last 3 months. The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes was 78.0%. No statistically significant association was found between HbA1C levels and families' socioeconomic, demographic or clinical characteristics (p > 0.05).ConclusionNeither children' nor parents' characteristics influenced HbA1C level. The high rate of uncontrolled diabetes (78.0%), and other countries showing better profiles of control, suggests the need for exploring other contributing factors. Insulin availability and lack of home glucose monitoring need to be considered. We recommend future prospective studies to consider these factors and use multiple HbA1C measures' average as a better indicator of diabetic control.
Amination of Alkylboronic Esters
Authors: Almutairi Norah E. A. , Elsharif Nada A. , Kamranifard Telma , Wang Junning , Partridge Benjamin M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlkylboronic esters are high value chemical building blocks which can be used to make complex, C‐sp3 rich molecules. The ability to convert the C−B bond in a range of C−C and C‐heteroatom bond‐forming reactions, in addition to their broad functional group compatibility, gives alkylboronic esters significant synthetic utility. Methods to convert boronic esters into amines have particular interest, due to the wide prevalence of nitrogen‐based functional groups in biologically active compounds, functional materials, and catalysts. In this review, we explore different methods for the amination of alkylboronic esters. These can be split into three distinct classes based on the mechanism of reaction: amination through 1,2‐metallate rearrangement, amination using nucleophilic ‘ate’ complexes, and oxidative amination reactions such as alkyl variants of the Chan‐Lam reaction.
Contactless Conductivity Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis—Developments From 2020 to 2024
Authors: Hauser Peter C. , Kubáň Pavel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe review covering the development of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection from 2020 to 2024 is the latest in a series going back to 2004. The article considers applications employing conventional capillaries and planar lab‐on‐chip devices as well as fundamental and technical developments of the detector and complete electrophoresis instrumentation.
Efficacy and safety of everolimus for patients with focal cortical dysplasia type 2
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Kang Hoon‐Chul , Roh Yun Ho , Hahn Jongsung , Min Kyung Lok , Lee Seok‐Jin , Yang Donghwa , Choi Han Som , Park Soyoung , Lee Jeong Ho , Lee Sang‐Guk , Kim Se Hoon , Chang Min Jung , Kim Heung Dong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of everolimus in treating seizures associated with focal cortical dysplasia type 2 (FCD 2).MethodsA prospective, crossover, placebo‐controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03198949) enrolled patients aged 4–40 years with pathologically confirmed FCD 2 and a history of ≥3 seizures per month for two out of the 3 months prior to screening. The trial included a 4‐week baseline phase, two 12‐week core phases, and a 29‐week extension phase. Patients received everolimus or placebo in a blinded manner during core phase I, with crossover to the alternate treatment in core phase II. Everolimus dosage started at 4.5 mg/m2/day, targeting a serum level of 5–15 ng/mL. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving ≥50% seizure reduction from baseline in the last month of each core phase. Safety profiles were compared between groups.ResultsBetween May 11, 2017, and June 19, 2020, 21 patients completed the core phases. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between everolimus and placebo groups (24% vs. 19%, p = 0.66). The patients showed varied responses. Three patients with a pathogenic variant in the MTOR gene or no genetic abnormalities achieved seizure freedom with everolimus in the last month of the core phase, while none of the patients with variants in other genes did. Adverse events, such as mucositis or skin ulceration, were more common with everolimus (19/21 vs. 7/21, p < 0.001). All adverse events resolved without study drug withdrawal.SignificanceEverolimus treatment for 12 weeks did not show overall superiority in reducing seizures compared to placebo. However, it showed promise, mostly in patients with a pathogenic variant in the MTOR gene, highlighting the need for further research into patient‐specific factors influencing treatment response. The everolimus treatment was generally safe and manageable.Plain Language SummaryThis study tested everolimus for reducing seizures in patients with focal cortical dysplasia type 2 (FCD 2). While the drug was not more effective than a placebo for most, few patients showed better results, with some becoming seizure‐free. Side effects were common but manageable. More research is needed to understand why certain patients respond better to treatment.
Seismic Behavior of a Stone Curtain Wall System With Undercut Bolt Anchorage Under Various Loading Protocols
Authors: Ji Xiaodong , Luo Rongwei , Zhuang Yuncheng , Gao Xiang , Lim Wanhui , Qu Zhe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents full‐scale experimental tests on the seismic behavior of a stone curtain wall system with undercut bolt anchorage (SCWS‐UBA). Experimental set‐ups were developed to test full‐scale stone curtain wall systems subjected to three loading protocols: quasi‐static in‐plane loading, dynamic in‐plane loading, and dynamic coupled in‐plane and out‐of‐plane loading. In all three tests, the SCWS‐UBA failed due to connector disengagement, followed by fracture of silicone sealant and transom‐to‐mullion connection welds and, finally, the falling out of stone panels. The SCWS‐UBA specimens exhibited a large displacement capacity with an ultimate falling‐out drift exceeding 3.0% in all tests. The drift ratio at connector disengagement was almost identical for both quasi‐static and dynamic in‐plane loading scenarios, indicating that in‐plane accelerations had a minimal impact on stone curtain wall failure. In addition, disengagement of the connector was dependent on the horizontal edge distance and vertical overlap depth between the connector and the L‐shaped steel angle. Simplified formulas for calculating the horizontal and vertical displacement of the connector were then developed. Based on these, seismic design recommendations were proposed for the overlap depth and edge distance between the connector and L‐shaped steel angle, thereby preventing the falling out of stone panels.