bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participant or Spectator? Victim‐Focused Political Activity since 2010
Authors: Harding Natacha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe public significance of the victim has shifted over successive governments. Each party, when in power, has utilised and politicised the victim to support its policy and legislative agenda. However, on the whole, this attention has been reserved for those who are victims of serious crime (such as murder, sexual violence and domestic abuse) and not volume offences (such as burglary, criminal damage, theft). Recent years have seen the inquiry rising in popularity, a ‘quick political fix’ to satisfy victims—and the public—that action on societal ills is being taken. However, in so doing, successive governments have, perhaps inadvertently, tended to replicate the ‘hierarchy of victimisation’ that is witnessed in frontline criminal justice activities. This has the result of affording victims only a spectator role when policy and legislative changes are being developed in their name. By contrast, the actions taken in developing expert and practitioner‐led policy around victim experience have proved to be more ‘successful’ in generating lasting change. This article suggests that there is no single ‘right’ approach to involving victims in policy development, but that each particular incident or situation needs consideration as how most ‘effectively’ to involve first‐hand victim experience.
Proteolysis and Its Control Using Protease Inhibitors in Fish and Fish Products: A Review
Authors: Singh Avtar , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTexture is one of the food quality attributes affecting the consumer's acceptability and the market value. Fish and shellfish undergo weakening or softening of muscle, particularly during extended storage under inappropriate conditions. The phenomenon is governed by endogenous proteases, both digestive and muscle proteases. Proteases present in the gastrointestinal tract that leach out to muscle tissue can induce proteolysis of myofibrillar and collagenous proteins. Furthermore, the muscle proteins present in gels fabricated from fish or shellfish meat also encounter degradation during thermal processing. Endogenous heat‐activated proteases strongly bind to muscle proteins and are activated during heating, thereby degrading myofibrillar proteins, which are abundant in muscle tissue. This deterioration of the proteins directly leads to a weakened gel with poor water‐holding capacity. Both cysteine and serine proteases are responsible for the degradation of myofibrillar proteins in several aquatic animals. Effective pretreatment of fish and shellfish, as well as the use of food‐grade protease inhibitors (PIs), have been implemented to inactivate endogenous muscle and digestive proteases. For this review, proteolysis of muscle proteins and its control by food‐grade PIs are revisited. Improved and effective lowering of proteolysis should be gained, thereby maintaining the quality of fish and their products.
Therapeutic alliance in dietetic practice for weight loss: Insights from health coaching
Authors: Nagy Annaliese , McMahon Anne , Tapsell Linda , Deane Frank , Arenson Danielle 
Published: February 2018

AimThe psychological construct of ‘therapeutic alliance’ can be used to better understand the effectiveness of consultations, particularly goal setting for weight management. We analysed audio‐recorded health coaching sessions during a weight loss trial to explore relationships between therapeutic alliance and various contextual factors.MethodsAudio recordings of 50 health coaching sessions were analysed. After assessing fidelity to the protocol, therapeutic alliance was measured using an adapted Working Alliance Inventory Observer‐rated Short Version (WAI‐O‐S), and examined by (i) identifying relationships between contextual factors and WAI‐O‐S scores (Spearman's coefficients); (ii) testing the impact of preparatory exercises and body mass index on WAI‐O‐S scores (one‐way analysis of variance and least‐squared differences tests) and (iii) comparing differences in WAI‐O‐S scores based on relationship status, gender and follow‐up session completion (independent samples t‐tests).ResultsFidelity was high (mean 88%). WAI‐O‐S total scores ranged from 55 to 70 (out of 84). Session duration was significantly correlated with WAI‐O‐S component of ‘Bond’ (r = 0.42, P = 0.002). Those who completed preparatory exercises had significantly higher total WAI‐O‐S scores, ‘Goal’ and ‘Task’ scores. Participants who completed the follow‐up session scored significantly higher for ‘Goal’ compared to no follow‐up.ConclusionsSpending more time in a session appears related to increased bonding, a key component of therapeutic alliance. Preparatory work may help build therapeutic alliance and agreement on goals appears to influence follow‐up completion. These exploratory findings provide directions for research addressing the professional relationship in dietetic consultations for weight loss.
Fermented Nut‐Based Vegan Food: Characterization of a Home made Product and Scale‐Up to an Industrial Pilot‐Scale Production
Authors: Tabanelli Giulia , Pasini Federica , Riciputi Ylenia , Vannini Lucia , Gozzi Giorgia , Balestra Federica , Caboni Maria Fiorenza , Gardini Fausto , Montanari Chiara 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBecause of the impossibility to consume food of animal origin, vegan consumers are looking for substitutes that could enrich their diet. Among many substitutes, fermented nut products are made from different nut types and obtained after soaking, grinding, and fermentation. Although other fermented vegetable products have been deeply investigated, there are few data about the fermentative processes of nut‐based products and the microbial consortia able to colonize these products are not yet studied. This study characterized a hand‐made vegan product obtained from cashew nut. Lactic acid bacteria responsible for fermentation were identified, revealing a succession of hetero‐ and homo‐fermentative species during process. Successively, some lactic acid bacteria isolates from the home‐made vegan product were used for a pilot‐scale fermentation. The products obtained were characterized and showed features similar to the home‐made one, although the microbiological hazards have been prevented through proper and rapid acidification, enhancing their safety features.Practical ApplicationSpontaneous fermented products are valuable sources of microorganisms that can be used in many food processes as starter cultures. The lactic acid bacteria isolated in this research can be exploited by industries to develop new foods and therefore to enter new markets. The use of selected starter cultures guarantees good organoleptic characteristics and food safety (no growth of pathogens).
Molecular Analysis, Biochemical Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Immunological Analysis of Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Broilers
Authors: Yeh Hung‐Yueh , Line John E. , Hinton Arthur 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProteus mirabilis, a Gram‐negative bacterium, is ubiquitous in the environment and is considered as the normal microflora in the human gastrointestinal tract. However, this bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen in humans, often causing urinary tract infections. Moreover, Proteus has been frequently isolated from food animals, including poultry. Whether this bacterium contributes to the foodborne illness in humans is unclear. In this report, P. mirabilis isolates recovered from broilers during housing in the units were characterized, their antimicrobial activity was assayed, and broiler immune response to the soluble proteins was determined. Cecal contents and fecal droppings were treated according to the standard protocol for isolation. Speciation based on biochemical reactions and the antimicrobial activity of the isolates were carried out using commercial kits. Immunoblot was assayed to determine immune status of broilers against P. mirabilis. A total of 10 isolates of P. mirabilis were selected for further characterization. These isolates could grow in pH 6.0 and 1% NaCl conditions. They were resistant to sodium lactate, troleandomycin, rifamycin SV, vancomycin, but sensitive to nalidixic acid, cefotaxime and novobiocin. Moreover, the CTX, ACC, CMY‐1, BIC, NDM, VEB, qnrB and qnrD genes were detected by PCR amplification in all isolates. Sera from broilers harboring this bacterium reacted to the P. mirabilis soluble proteins, but not from litter‐ and age‐matched P. mirabilis negative and SPF chickens, indicating that this bacterium infected chickens that could have humoral immune response against P. mirabilis. This study provides a rationale for further monitoring P. mirabilis during poultry production to determine whether this bacterium poses potential threats to public health.
Antifungal, Mechanical, and Physical Properties of Edible Film ContainingWilliopsis saturnusvar.saturnusAntagonistic Yeast
Authors: Karabulut Gulsah , Cagri‐Mehmetoglu Arzu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe molding of food products causing health risks is a main problem in the food industry. In this study, as an alternative solution for preventing mold growth, an antifungal edible film was developed by incorporatingWilliopsis saturnusvar.saturnus(0; 3; 7; and 9 logs CFU/cm2) into whey protein concentrate (WPC) based films. Antifungal properties of the films againstPenicilium expansumandAspergillus nigerwere analyzed using the disc diffusion method. Physical (barrier, solubility, color), mechanical (tensile strength and percent elongation) properties of the films as well as the survival ofW. saturnusin the film were assessed during 28 days of storage at 23 °C. According to the results, the viability ofW. saturnus(7 and 9 logs CFU/cm2) in WPC films stored for 28 days under vacuum or non‐vacuum decreased to 36% and 60%, respectively. In addition, films containingW. saturnusdecreased the viability ofP. expansumandA. nigerby 29% and 19%, respectively. Adding yeast did not change the tensile strength (P> 0.05), but significantly decreased % elongation and increased water vapor and oxygen permeability and water solubility (P< 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed that the developed films may be useful for inhibiting mold growth on foods.
A Novel Modified Lipid: Enzymatic Esterification of 2‐Monoacylglycerol with N‐acetyl‐l‐leucine
Authors: Keskin Çavdar Hasene , Koçak Yanık Derya , Göğüş Fahrettin , Fadıloğlu Sibel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe objective of this research was to synthesize and characterize a novel modified lipid which is composed of mainly oleic acid at sn‐2 position and a hydrophobic essential amino acid derivative (N‐acetyl‐l‐leucine) at sn‐1(3) or sn‐1, 3 positions. LC‐MS‐MS analysis indicated that the target modified lipid structure was obtained at the end of the developed reaction. Response surface methodology was applied to enhance a reliable empirical model for prediction and to optimize reaction conditions: reaction time (8 to 24 hr), reaction temperature (40 to 55 °C), and enzyme load (15 to 30 wt%). The percentage of total reaction products was found to be 28.5 at the optimum conditions of 54 °C, 8 hr and 15% (by mass) enzyme load. This result is closely correlated to the predicted highest total reaction product (29.3%) obtained by response surface methodology. The physical and thermal characteristics of the modified lipid and refined olive pomace oil were compared and found to be similar. Caloric value of modified lipid was decreased by 18.65% compared to that of refined olive pomace oil. A novel modified lipid which may have potential uses in healthy food industries was successfully produced with the incorporation of N‐acetyl‐l‐leucine to 2‐monoacylglycerol.Practical ApplicationA novel modified lipid was synthesized by enzymatic incorporation of a “hydrophobic and essential amino acid derivative” into 2‐monoacylglycerol. This modified lipid contains mainly oleic acid at sn‐2 position and N‐acetyl‐l‐leucine at sn‐1,3 positions. The product behaved as an oil above 10 °C. Caloric value of the novel oil‐like product was reduced by 18.65%. The modified lipid may have the potential for replacement with the oil in food products such as margarine, shortenings, salad dressing, and mayonnaise.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Cannabinoids from Cannabis Sativa L. Optimized by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Agarwal Charu , Máthé Katalin , Hofmann Tamás , Csóka Levente 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUltrasonication was used to extract bioactive compounds from Cannabis sativa L. such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and cannabinoids. The influence of 3 independent factors (time, input power, and methanol concentration) was evaluated on the extraction of total phenols (TPC), flavonoids (TF), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and the overall yield. A face‐centered central composite design was used for statistical modelling of the response data, followed by regression and analysis of variance in order to determine the significance of the model and factors. Both the solvent composition and the time significantly affected the extraction while the sonication power had no significant impact on the responses. The response predictions obtained at optimum extraction conditions of 15 min time, 130 W power, and 80% methanol were 314.822 mg GAE/g DW of TPC, 28.173 mg QE/g DW of TF, 18.79 mM AAE/g DW of FRAP, and 10.86% of yield. A good correlation was observed between the predicted and experimental values of the responses, which validated the mathematical model. On comparing the ultrasonic process with the control extraction, noticeably higher values were obtained for each of the responses. Additionally, ultrasound considerably improved the extraction of cannabinoids present in Cannabis.Practical ApplicationLow frequency ultrasound was employed to extract bioactive compounds from the inflorescence part of Cannabis. The responses evaluated were–total phenols, flavonoids, ferric reducing assay and yield. The solvent composition and time significantly influenced the extraction process. Appreciably higher extraction of cannabinoids was achieved on sonication against control.
Comparison of Characteristics of Female Drivers with Single and Multiple DUI Convictions
Authors: Bender Annah K. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Heath Andrew C. , McCutcheon Vivia V. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundWomen are increasingly involved in drunk driving and fatal crashes, yet except for the screening performed in criminal justice settings, little is known about their life context, psychiatric histories, and family backgrounds. This study describes a sample of women with histories of arrest for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) who were interviewed outside a criminal justice setting and contrasts women with single versus multiple DUI convictions.MethodsWomen with recent documented histories of DUI participated in a study of women's health behaviors. Thirty‐six women with 1 DUI and 62 with 2 or more DUIs participated in a diagnostic telephone interview which assessed demographics, alcohol use and problems, psychiatric problems, treatment, and partner violence.ResultsThe sample overall had high rates of co‐occurring psychiatric problems, parental alcohol problems, early sexual and physical abuse, and head injuries. Alcohol use severity and the prevalence of head injuries and partner alcohol problems were significantly higher among women with multiple DUIs than women with a single DUI. Measures reflecting life context, such as marital status, number of children, and childhood trauma, were not associated with number of DUIs.ConclusionsFindings suggest that DUI recidivism in women is accounted for primarily by AUD severity and is not influenced by previous life events such as partner violence, psychiatric problems, and family context such as divorce/separation or number of children. Multiple DUIs in women may mark an alcohol severity threshold beyond which few factors account for additional risk.
Fatal Adverse Event with Dabigatran in Elderly Patient with Reduced Kidney Function
Authors: Havig Stine Marie , Lea Dordi , Krpo Maja , Skari Ragnhild Margrete , Gustavsen Ingebjørg , Høiseth Gudrun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn elderly man with decreased kidney function was admitted to hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding. After remaining stable for 2 days in hospital, he became haemodynamically unstable and an adverse effect of dabigatran was suspected, but efforts to treat the patient failed and the following morning he passed away. In conjunction with the autopsy, blood samples from his hospital stay were analysed for dabigatran, revealing the highest concentration (6400 ng/mL) apparently reported to date. Supra‐therapeutic dosing was, however, never suspected. Dabigatran is largely excreted through the kidneys. A possible cause of the high dabigatran concentrations could be a rapid decrease in kidney function that seemingly occurred over a period of 2 months, sometime between his initiation of treatment (eGFR 51–55 mL/min/1.73 m2) and subsequent hospital admission (eGFR 31 mL/min/1.73 m2). The increasing dabigatran concentrations in the patient was, however, not apparent to the prescribing doctor, as therapeutic drug monitoring of dabigatran is not recommended in current guidelines and no such analyses were performed. There may be a need to evaluate blood concentrations of dabigatran, in the light of the reported differences in interindividual concentrations, along with the increased risks of thromboembolic events with lower concentrations and major bleeding events with higher concentrations. Functional assays to assess concentrations of dabigatran in blood have been developed and are available in some hospitals to be used in suspected overdoses or before emergency surgeries. Methods to determine concentrations of dabigatran specifically have also been developed and can additionally be used for therapeutic drug monitoring in an outpatient setting, especially in high‐risk individuals.
Managing penetrating renal trauma: experience from two major trauma centres in the UK
Authors: Hadjipavlou Marios , Grouse Edmund , Gray Robert , Sri Denosshan , Huang Dean , Brown Christian , Sharma Davendra 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo present our series of patients with penetrating renal trauma treated at two urban major trauma centres and to discuss the contemporary management of such injuries.MethodsWe reviewed prospective urological trauma databases for all patients presenting with penetrating renal trauma between January 2005 and October 2016. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, imaging, management and follow‐up data were analysed.ResultsOver the 11‐year period, 63 patients presented with penetrating renal injuries. The vast majority of patients were male (n = 61; 96.8%), with a mean (range) age of 27.4 (14–71) years. Injuries were equally common on either side (31 left, 32 right). The most common mechanism of injury was stabbing (n = 55; 87.3%), followed by gunshot (n = 7; 11.1%) and crossbow injuries (n = 1; 1.6%). All patients underwent contrast‐enhanced computed tomography. Using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma renal injury grading system, 11 (17.5%) had grade II, 26 (41.3%) had grade III and 26 (41.3%) had grade IV injury. The most common associated injuries were thoracic (n = 23; 36.5%), liver (n = 11; 17.5%), splenic (n = 10; 15.9%), gastrointestinal tract (n = 8; 12.7%) and musculoskeletal (n = 6; 9.5%). At presentation, 16 patients (25.4%) were haemodynamically unstable. The majority of patients did not require blood transfusion (n = 56; 88.9%), while transfusion of >5 units was rare (n = 4; 6.3%). Fifty‐two patients (82.5%) were managed by observation alone, while 10 (15.9%) underwent emergency angiography and embolization. Patients with grade IV injury were more likely to require embolization than those with grade III injury; however, the difference was not significant (26.9% vs 15.4%; P = 0.29). One patient (1.6%) underwent retroperitoneal exploration of their renal injury and was managed conservatively. Eight patients underwent laparotomy for other visceral injuries while their renal injury was managed conservatively. Renal artery pseudoaneurysm developed in five patients (7.9%) and one patient (1.6%) developed renal arteriovenous malformation. No patients underwent nephrectomy and no mortality was reported.ConclusionsThe vast majority of patients with penetrating renal injuries can be safely managed non‐operatively in this setting. Selective renal artery embolization is an effective option for patients in an unstable condition, with excellent outcomes. Associated thoracic or visceral injuries requiring operative management are common in penetrating renal trauma, while urologists should limit or have a high threshold for surgical intervention.
PERSISTENCE IN CONVERGENCE AND CLUB FORMATION
Authors: Stengos Thanasis , Yazgan M. Ege , Özkan Harun 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we examine the convergence hypothesis using a long memory framework that allows for structural breaks and does not rely on a benchmark country using both univariate and multivariate estimates of the long memory parameter d. Using per capita GDP gaps, we confirm the findings of non‐stationarity and long memory behavior that have been found previously in the literature using univariate tests. However, the support for these findings is much weaker when using a multivariate framework, in which case we find more evidence of stationary behavior. Based on these results, we also investigate club formation, something that would suggest the presence of conditional convergence. We describe a club formation methodology using the sequential testing criteria that we have employed in our analysis as the basis for forming clusters or clubs of countries with similar convergence characteristics.
Anti‐neurofascin 155 antibody‐related neuropathy
Authors: Ogata Hidenori , Yamasaki Ryo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an intractable inflammatory disease affecting peripheral nerves. The etiology of CIDP remains to be established, but it is regarded as a mixture of heterogeneous conditions presenting a variety of clinical and electrophysiological manifestations. In recent years, autoantibodies against paranodal cell adhesion molecules, such as neurofascin 155 (NF155), contactin 1 and contactin‐associated protein 1, have been detected in subsets of CIDP patients. The clinical characteristics of anti‐NF155 antibody‐positive CIDP have been delineated, and include a younger onset age, higher frequency of distal muscle weakness, sensory ataxia and tremor, higher cerebrospinal fluid protein levels, more conspicuous demyelination on nerve conduction studies, and nerve root hypertrophy on magnetic resonance neurography, when compared with anti‐NF155 antibody‐negative CIDP patients. Predominant elevation of immunoglobulin G4 subclass is also a characteristic of this disease. Sural nerve biopsy specimens of anti‐NF155 antibody‐positive CIDP patients show axo‐glial detachment in paranodes without inflammatory cell infiltrates or onion bulb formation. While intravenous immunoglobulin is not as effective as expected against anti‐NF155 antibody‐positive CIDP patients, other immunotherapies, such as corticosteroids, plasmapheresis and B‐cell depletion therapy, seem to be effective. Early diagnosis and treatment is important for preventing secondary axonal degeneration. The present review summarizes the emerging details of anti‐NF155 antibody‐related neuropathy.