bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the Effect of Forming Media on the Hydroforming Process for Copper Tube
Authors: Salman Rusul AbdulKareem , Ameen Hani Aziz , Mashloosh Kadhim Mijbel 
Published: April 2019

To observe the effect of media of the internal pressure on the equivalent stress distribution in the tube, an experimental study is done by constructing a testing rig to apply the hydraulic pressure and three dies are manufactured with different bulging configurations (square, cosine, and conical). In the other part, ANSYS APDL is generated to analyze the bulging process with hydraulic and rubber (natural and industrial) media. It was found that when the media is a rubber, the stress is decreased about 9.068% in case of cosine die and 5.4439% in case of conical die and 2.8544% in case of square die. So, it can be concluded that the internal pressure in the rubber media is much better than in hydraulic media. Also, the force needed for forming the shape using rubber is higher than that of hydraulic and the force needed to form using industrial rubber is higher than of natural rubber. The thickness distribution in the tube wall in case of rubber media is better than that for hydraulic media and for the industrial rubber is better than that for natural rubber for the same dies. In case of hydraulic, the lower forming pressure is needed to bulging process compared with the rubber media since height stress in the tube metal is existed, which causes the failure. For the case of rubber, the forming pressure that was needed to bulge process is higher when compared with the hydraulic media but with less stress in tube metal and the failure in the wall is not existed with rubber media for the same pressure of hydraulic.
Synthesis of CuO Nano structure via Sol-Gel and Precipitation Chemical Methods
Authors: Jabbar Saja Mohsen 
Published: April 2019

CuO nanoparticles were synthesized in two different ways, firstly by precipitation method using copper acetate monohydrate Cu(CO2CH13)2·H2O, glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium hydroxide(NaOH), and secondly by sol-gel method using copper chloride(CuCl2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethanol (C2H6O). Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that different CuO nanostructures (spherical and Reef) can be formed using precipitation and sol- gel process, respectively, at which the particle size was found to be less than 2 µm. X-ray diffraction (XRD)manifested that the pure synthesized powder has no inclusions that may exist during preparations. XRD results showed the particles size of highest peak at 38.9°, was equal to (15.93nm). In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to describe the prepared CuO nanostructures absorption peak at 610 cm-1 which conﬁrms that the synthesized product is a pure CuO and may be attributed to Cu2O infrared active mode.
Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Iraqi Origin Paraffin Wax by Nano-Alumina
Authors: Chaichan Miqdam T. , Hussein Rasha Mohammed , Jawad Aida Mohammed 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Paraffin wax is utilized for the heat storage applications taking advantage from the high stored latent heat during the phase change (from solid to fluid) period. What isn't right with this procedure is that the wax has a little heat transfer rate because of its low thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity improvement of the paraffin wax has been examined utilizing nano-material with high thermal conductivity. In the recent study, (Al2O3) nanoparticles with weights of 1, 2, and 3% of the paraffin wax were added to the paraffin wax. The Iraqi paraffin wax accessible at the local markets was utilized as a phase change material (PCM).
Many properties of the wax were changed due to the addition of nanofillers. The wax color was changed from light brown to white. The thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax was expanded by increasing the additional nanoparticles extent with 37.1, 42.3 and 60.32% for 1, 2 and 3% added nano-Al2O3 compared to pure wax conditions. The subsequent change in the thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax makes it reasonable for the use in thermal storage applications.

Keywords: Latent heat, Nano-alumina, Paraffin wax, Thermal storage,
Study the Effect of Multilayer Single Point Incremental Forming on Residual Stresses for Bottom Plates
Authors: Abed Aseel Hamad , Bedan Aqeel Sabree , Noori Mohanad Faeq 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Knowing the amount of residual stresses and find technological solutions to minimize and control them during the production operation are an important task because great levels of deformation which occurs in single point incremental forming (SPIF), this induce highly non-uniform residual stresses. In this papera propose of a method for multilayer single point incremental forming with change in thickness of the top plate (0.5, 0.7, 0.9) mm and lubrication or material between two plates(polymer, grease, grease with graphite, mos2) to knowing an effect of this method and parameters on residual stresses for the bottom plates. Also compare these results for the bottom plates with the single plate at same thickness 0.9 mm.The results showed that when increase thickness of the top plate the value of residual stresses will decrease for bottom plates and when used graphite with grease between two plates gives less residual stresses (R.S = 60.173 MPa.) reverse when used Mos2 which will gives a larger residual stresses (R.S = 146.617 MPa.) in the bottom plate.
Keywords: Multilayer Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF), Residual Stresses, Lubrication.
Anaerobic Digestion and Codigestion of Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae Biomass with Wastewater Sludge and Dairy Manure for Biogas Production
Authors: Ammar Saad H. , Khodhair Sadiq Riyadh 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion process of organic materials is biochemical decomposition process done by two types of digestion bacteria in the absence of oxygen resulting in the biogas production, which is produced as a waste product of digestion. The first type of bacteria is known as acidogenic which converts organic waste to fatty acids. The second type of bacteria is called methane creators or methanogenic which transforms the fatty acids to biogas (CH4 and CO2). The considerable amounts of biodegradable constitutes such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins present in the microalgae biomass make it a suitable substrate for the anaerobic digestion or even co-digested with other organic wastes. The present work investigated methane biogas production by anaerobic codigestion of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris biomass with organic waste from several sources such as wastewater sludge and dairy manure waste in different proportions as an additional carbon supply to enhance anaerobic digestion and therefore biogas production. Six bottles, employed as batch biodigesters each of 1 liter capacity, were used for that purpose at moderate conditions (35±2 oC). The produced biogas volume was monitored daily along 35 days and the results showed that the daily and cumulative biogas production was increased 4.5 times and 3 times for the bottles with 66.67% microalgae compared with the bottles with wastewater sludge or dairy manure waste only, respectively.
Keywords: Anaerobic codigestion, biogas; dairy manure, microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris, wastewater sludge.
Influence of Nanoreinforced Particles (Al2O3) on Fatigue Life and Strength of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Alalkawi Hussain J. M , Hamdany Aseel A. , Alasadi Abbas Ahmed 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this investigation, Al2O3 nano material of 50nm particles size were added to the 6061 Al aluminium alloy by using the stir casting technique to fabricate the nanocomposite of 10wt% Al2O3. The experimental results observed that the addition of 10wt% Al2O3 improved the fatigue life and strength of constant and cumulative fatigue. Comparison between the S-N curves behaviour of metal matrix (AA6061) and the nanocomposite 10wt% Al2O3 has been made. The comparison revealed that 12.8% enhancement in fatigue strength at 107cycles due to 10wt% nano reinforcement. Also cumulative fatigue life of 10wt% nanocomposite was found to be increased by 33.37% and 39.58% for low-high and high-low loading sequences, respectively, compared to the metal-matrix cumulative life.
Keywords: Al2O3 nanoparticles, AA6061/10wt%, constant and cumulative fatigue, MMCs.
Comparative Study for Organic and Inorganic Draw Solutions in Forward Osmosis
Authors: Al-Alalawy Ahmed Faiq , Abbas Talib Rashid , Mohammed Hadeer Kadhim 
Published: April 2019

The present work aims to study forward osmosis process using different kinds of draw solutions and membranes. Three types of draw solutions (sodium chloride, sodium formate, and sodium acetate) were used in forward osmosis process to evaluate their effectiveness with respect to water flux and reverse salt flux. Experiments conducted in a laboratory-scale forward osmosis (FO) unit in cross flow flat sheet membrane cell. Three types of membranes (Thin film composite (TFC), Cellulose acetate (CA), and Cellulose triacetate (CTA)) were used to determine the water flux under osmotic pressure as a driving force. The effect of temperature, draw solution concentration, feed and draw solution flow rate, and membrane types, were studied with respect to water flux. The results showed an increase in water flux with increasing feed temperature and draw solution concentrations In addition, the flux increased with increasing feed flow rate while the flux was inversely proportional with the draw solution flow rate. The results showed that reverse osmosis membranes (TFC and CA) are not suitable for using in FO process due to the relatively obtained low water flux when compared with the flux obtained by forward osmosis membrane (CTA). NaCl draw solution gave higher water flux than other draw solutions and at the same time, revealed higher reverse salt flux.
Study the Effect of Different Percentages of Natural (Orange Peels and Date Seeds) and Industrial Materials (Carbon and Silica) on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymeric Reinforced Composites
Authors: Dahad Haydar Abed , Hasan Sameh Fareed , Alwan Ali Hussein 
Published: April 2019

تم دراسة الخصائص الميكانيكية والحرارية للمواد المركبة التي تتكون من بولي استر غير مشبع المقواة بأنواع مختلفة من المواد الطبيعية (قشر البرتقال ونوى التمر) والمواد الصناعية (الكربون والسيليكا) مع حجم حبيبي 98 ميكرون. تم اخذ قيم متلفة من النسب الوزنية، %5و %10و 15%. وقد تم اضافة مواد صناعية ومواد طبيعية الى البولي استر. وقد تم أجراء اختبارات الشد و الانحناء والتوصيل الحراري للبولي استر والمواد المركبة الطبيعية والصناعية لتحديد تأثير النسبة الوزنية على خصائص المواد. وأظهرت النتائج أنه عندما زادت نسبة الوزن للبوليستر مع نوى التمر من 10٪ إلى 15٪، انخفض معامل المرونة بنسبة 54٪. عندما تكون النسبة الوزنية لنوى التمر5٪ الحد الأقصى لمعامل المرونة والإجهاد الخضوع والإجهاد الكسر. وأظهرت نتائج اختبارات الشد واالانحناء أن المواد المركبة الطبيعية لها قوة أعلى من المادة الصناعية. في حين أظهرت نتائج اختبارات الانحناء أن الحد الأقصى من التحسن في قوة الانحناء يتم الحصول عليه لقشور البرتقال بنسبة 5٪ ، حيث الحد الأقصى لزيادة هي 153.4٪ بالمقارنة مع البوليستر النقي. وانخفضت الموصلية الحرارية من قشور البرتقال إلى قيمة النصف عندما زادت النسبة الوزنية من 10٪ إلى 15٪. الموصلية الحرارية للبوليستر مع قشور البرتقال أكبر من الموصلية الحرارية من البوليستر مع نوى التمر. وكانت النسبة المئوية القصوى عند النسبة الوزنية 10٪ هي 14.4٪ ولكن التوصيل الحراري للمواد المركبة الصناعية اعلى من المواد المركبة الطبيعية. وأخيرا، فإن المركب نوى التمر هو عازل جيد وله معدل نقل حراري منخفض بالمقارنة مع بقية العينات، وكذلك الاختلاف الأقصى لدرجات الحرارة مع مرور الوقت في مركب نوى التمر.
Experimental Study of Forced- Convection from Horizontal Rectangular Fins Array into Air Duct
Authors: Shehab Saad Najeeb 
Published: April 2019

In this work, an experimental study has been done to expect the heat characteristics and performance of the forced-convection from a heated horizontal rectangular fins array to air inside a rectangular cross-section duct. Three several configurations of rectangular fins array have been employed. One configuration without notches and perforations (solid) and two configurations with combination of rectangular-notches and circular-perforations for two various area removal percentages from fins namely 18% notches-9% perforations and 9% notches-18% perforations are utilized. The rectangular fins dimensions and fins number are kept constant. The fins array is heated electrically from the base plate with five different magnitudes of power-inputs. Five several air flow velocity into a duct are utilized. The influence of fin geometry, air flow velocity, Reynolds number and the surface heat flux on the heat-performance of forced heat convection have been simulated and studied experimentally. The experimental data indicates that the combination of 18% rectangular-notched and 9% circular-perforated rectangular fins array gave best forced heat performance in terms of average heat transfer coefficient about (25% - 45%) and (7% - 20%) compared than solid and 9% notches with18% perforations fins array respectively. Five empirical correlations to predict the average Nusselt number for the 18% notches with 9% perforations rectangular fins array at wide range of surface heat flux are deduced. The present data are compared with previous works and a good closeness in behavior is noticed.
Boom, Burst e Doom: O Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro como catalisador do Desenvolvimento Urbano-Regional | Boom, Burst, and Doom: The Petrochemical Complex of Rio de Janeiro as Catalyzer of Urban-Regional Development
Authors: Da Silva Robson Dias , Zurita Clara Irazabal 
Published: April 2019

O desenvolvimento liderado por recursos naturais é amplamente debatido por conta das dificuldades de se converter a riqueza mineral em maior bem-estar social. Assim, a construção do Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro – COMPERJ no estado do Rio de Janeiro, o maior produtor brasileiro de petróleo e gás, foi empreendida como uma estratégia de superação dos efeitos da “maldição dos recursos naturais” através da diversificação produtiva e melhoras urbanas em parte da periferia metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro reconhecida pelo déficit histórico de oportunidades de desenvolvimento social e infraestrutura urbana. Nesse contexto, o artigo analisa a trajetória do desenvolvimento urbano e regional na porção Leste da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro entre 2006 e 2016, destacando as fases boom, burst e doom da dinâmica socioeconômica regional. O estudo assinala as principais características e objetivos do projeto, os desafios da região no momento do rompimento da “miragem” do crescimento liderado pela grande indústria, bem como as suas atuais condições. A análise sobre o COMPERJ e seus impactos regionais revelam os riscos e paradoxos de se investir nesse tipo de megaprojeto industrial como plataforma de promoção do desenvolvimento social para uma região sem maior diversificação econômica e planejamento urbano-regional.
Analisis Keterlaksanaan Pendekatan Experiential Learning dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa pada Materi Ikatan Kimia
Authors: Dewi Fatria , Efrianto Bayu , Afrida Afrida 
Published: April 2019

The experiential learning achievement by teachers has a percentage of 79.17% is categorized well, the percentage of approaches by students is 76.68% is categorized well, and the percentage of students' science process skills is 71.95% is categorized well. The relationship of experiential learning approach with students' science process skill was obtained by rxy = 0,78973 with strong relationship level. The significance test is done by t test with thitung> ttable (6,812018> 2.048) with dk = 28 and α = 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Based on the results of research that the implementation of experiential learning approaches well and there is influence experiential learning approach to students' science process skills on chemical bonding material in class X MIA 3 SMAN 1 Kota Jambi.
Keywords: Experiantal Learnig, Science Process Skill and Chemical Bonding
Desain Media Pembelajaran Menggunakan Software Adobe Flash Professional CS6 pada Materi Unsur Transisi Periode Keempat
Authors: Fajri Vonia Revi 
Published: April 2019

The lack of use of computer technology as a instructional media is a problem that needs to be addressed in the world of education today because in the current era of globalization, the latest technology-based instructional media must be familiar. The purpose of this study is to see how the level of validity and practicality of instructional media designed using Adobe Flash Professional Creative Suite (CS) 6. This research refers to Research and Development with 4-D model (Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination) recommended by Thiagarajan. This research is done until third stage of development in the small-scale test. Data collection techniques used in the form of documentation and questionnaires. The data obtained come from 2 validators (material experts and media experts), 5 chemistry teachers, and 10 students from two high school namely SMA Negeri 8 Pekanbaru and SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru. The results showed that the instructional media designed using Adobe Flash Professional Creative Suite 6 software has a validity level by material experts by 90% with very valid criteria and validity level by the media expert of 83% with very valid criteria and the practicality level of teachers by 87% with very practical criteria and 90% practicality of students with very practical criteria.

Kata Kunci: The Design and Test, Instructional Media, Adobe Flash Professional CS6, Fourth Transition Material Elements Period
Aplikasi Learning Management System (LMS) pada Pengembangan Modul Elektronik Materi Atmosfer Bumi Menggunakan 3D Pageflip Professional
Authors: Sanova Aulia 
Published: April 2019

This research aims to develop prototype design of an electronic module using 3D Pageflip Professional software based on LMS using moodle, especially on biogeochemical cycling material which is studied in Environmental Chemistry course. The learning process in this LMS accommodates some content with various vitur that is the course content that includes articles, module material that is packaged in the form of interactive flash animation, task / exam, and video learning and assignment to measure student achievement.
This research uses research and development design (Research and Development) modification Sugiyono. The subjects of the study are Chemistry Education Study Program which is determined by convenience sampling. The data taken are feasibility in terms of materials and media as well as student responsiveness to products that have been developed through questionnaires.
Expert response shows that Moodle-based e-learning using using e-modules for the Earth Atmosphere is very feasible in terms of media and material-worthy. The result of questionnaires of students' responses on small-scale trials shows that the majority of students respond positively where the students are very interested and respond if the application of LMS moodle is a form of innovation in alternative learning process.

Keywords : Learning Management System; Electronic Modul; Earth Atmosphere
PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE: Discussões e interlocuções sobre os campos desse saber
Authors: Barbosa Angelo Elis Regina , De Siqueira Euler David 
Published: April 2019

O patrimônio enquanto prática social de construção e presentificação de identidades coletivas que expressam interesses individuais, coletivos e públicos, vêm ao longo dos anos sendo repensado e reorganizado a partir de disputas que intervém na história, na memória e nos seus diversos sentidos, que vão sendo construídos política, economica e socialmente. Esse artigo tem o intuito de contribuir sobre as acepções teórico-metodológicas, que os diversos campos do saber vêm somando na reflexão, apreensão e relativização das percepções do campo “patrimônio histórico e cultural” enquanto forma de aplicação conceitual e crítica social, a fim de ampliar os mais variados métodos e teorias sobre os “usos” do patrimônio como ferramenta de patrimonialização, conscientização e mesmo ampliação das relações do patrimônio com a sociedade. No Brasil, as discussões permeiam as áreas de Arquitetura, História, Antropologia, Direito e Turismo, sendo mais salientes em determinados ramos por conta de sua apropriação. Como prática, indiferente das temáticas, repercute os anseios e experiências locais, regionais e nacionais, ao passo em que sinalizam os deslocamentos conceituais entre memória e valorização temporal, urge o desafio interdisciplinar que tangencia todas as discussões, dessa forma, pretende-se por meio da revisão conceitual, abordar as relações entre os diversos campos do saber que vem se prontificando a promover o debate acerca do uso e conceito do patrimônio.
Extreme Learning Machine combined with a Differential Evolution algorithm for lithology identification
Authors: Saporetti Camila Martins , Duarte Grasiele Regina , Fonseca Tales Lima , Da Fonseca Leonardo Goliatt , Pereira Egberto 
Published: April 2019

Lithology identification, obtained through the analysis of several geophysical properties, has an important role in the process of characterization of oil reservoirs. The identification can be accomplished by direct and indirect methods, but these methods are not always feasible because of the cost or imprecision of the results generated. Consequently, there is a need to automate the procedure of reservoir characterization and, in this context, computational intelligence techniques appear as an alternative to lithology identification. However, to acquire proper performance, usually some parameters should be adjusted and this can become a hard task depending on the complexity of the underlying problem. This paper aims to apply an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) adjusted with a Differential Evolution (DE) to classify data from the South Provence Basin, using a previously published paper as a baseline reference. The paper contributions include the use of an evolutionary algorithm as a tool for search on the hyperparameters of the ELM. In addition, an activation function recently proposed in the literature is implemented and tested. The computational approach developed here has the potential to assist in petrographic data classification and helps to improve the process of reservoir characterization and the production development planning.
Balancing against China with the Asia-Africa growth corridor: an Indian-Japanese initiative towards the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Nicolini Gabriel João Paulo , Carvalho Carlos Eduardo 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo pretende analisar se a iniciativa Indiana-Japonesa do Corredor de Crescimento Ásia-África (AAGC) pode ser considerada uma estratégia para conter a suposta capacidade da China de isolar diplomaticamente seus rivais regionais, enquanto tenta consolidar o Indo-Pacífico como uma área de influência. A hipótese é que, em um momento de incerteza sobre o compromisso dos Estados Unidos com seus parceiros tradicionais asiáticos e aliados, a Índia e o Japão são encorajados a desenvolver novos mecanismos para equilibrar a China. Segundo a escola realista de Relações Internacionais, a Índia e o Japão buscarão virtualmente maneiras de equilibrar-se contra a China a fim de defender seus interesses. Este artigo desenvolve o argumento usando os conceitos de "equilíbrio da ameaça" e "balanceamento suave" para descrever as estratégias desenvolvidas por esses países dentro do Indo-Pacífico.