bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Injury on Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Tuberculosis
Authors: Ravimohan Shruthi , Auld Sara C , Maenetje Pholo , Ratsela Nelly , Mlotshwa Mandla , Ncube Itai , Smith Jonathan P , Vangu Mboyo-Di-Tamba , Sebe Modulakgotla , Kossenkov Andrew , Weissman Drew , Wallis Robert S , Churchyard Gavin , Kornfeld Hardy , Bisson Gregory P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Immune restoration on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can drive inflammation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), but its effects on the lungs have not been assessed. We evaluated associations between pulmonary inflammation, recovery of pathogen-specific CD4 T-cell function, and lung injury prior to and after ART initiation in adults with HIV and pulmonary TB.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study in South Africa, following adults with HIV and pulmonary TB prior to and up to 48 weeks after ART initiation. Pulmonary-specific inflammation was defined as total glycolytic activity (TGA) on [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) at baseline and 4 weeks after ART initiation. Spirometry, respiratory symptom tests, and flow cytometry were performed at the same times to assess lung involvement and the frequency of mycobacteria-specific CD4 T-cells. In addition, we evaluated lung function longitudinally up to 48 weeks after ART initiation.

Results
Greater lung TGA on FDG PET-CT was associated with worse lung function and respiratory symptoms prior to ART initiation, and nearly half of subjects experienced worsening lung inflammation and lung function at Week 4 of ART. Worsening Week 4 lung inflammation and pulmonary function were both associated with greater increases in pathogen-specific functional CD4 T-cell responses on ART, and early decreases in lung function were independently associated with persistently lower lung function months after TB treatment completion.

Conclusions
Increases in pulmonary inflammation and decreases in lung function are common on ART, relate to greater ART-mediated CD4 T-cell restoration, and are associated with the persistent impairment of lung function in individuals with HIV/TB.
TXNIP/Redd1 signalling and excessive autophagy: a novel mechanism of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Gao Chao , Wang Rutao , Li Bing , Guo Yongzhen , Yin Tao , Xia Yunlong , Zhang Fuyang , Lian Kun , Liu Yi , Wang Han , Zhang Ling , Gao Erhe , Yan Wenjun , Tao Ling 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Either insufficient or excessive autophagy causes cellular death and contributes to myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, mechanisms controlling the ‘right-level’ of autophagy in the heart remains unidentified. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a pro-oxidative molecule knowing to contribute to I/R injury. However, whether and how TXNIP may further inhibit suppressed autophagy or promote excessive cardiac autophagy in I/R heart has not been previously investigated.

Methods and results
Wild type or gene-manipulated adult male mice were subjected to myocardial I/R. TXNIP was increased in myocardium during I/R. Cardiac-specific TXNIP overexpression increased cardiomyocytes apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction, whereas cardiac-specific TXNIP knock-out significantly mitigated I/R-induced apoptosis and improved cardiac function. Importantly, TXNIP overexpression significantly promoted cardiac autophagy and TXNIP knock-out significantly inhibited cardiac autophagy. In vitro studies demonstrated that TXNIP increased autophagosome formation but inhibited autophagosome clearance during myocardial reperfusion. Atg5 siRNA significantly decreased hypoxia/reoxygenation induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes with TXNIP overexpression. Mechanistically, TXNIP suppressed autophagosome clearance via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. However, TXNIP-increased autophagosome formation was not mediated by ROS as a ROS scavenger failed to block increased autophagosome formation in TXNIP overexpression heart. Finally, TXNIP directly interacted and stabilized Redd1 (an autophagy regulator), resulting in mTOR inhibition and autophagy activation. Redd1 knock-down significantly reduced autophagy formation and ameliorated I/R injury in TXNIP overexpression hearts.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that increased TXNIP-Redd1 expression is a novel signalling pathway that contributes to I/R injury by exaggerating excessive autophagy during reperfusion. These observations advance our understanding of the mechanisms of myocardial I/R injury.
Adventitial fibroblast-derived vascular endothelial growth factor promotes vasa vasorum-associated neointima formation and macrophage recruitment
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Hong Mo-Na , Chen Jing , Lu Yuan-Yuan , Ye Mao-Qing , Ma Yu , Zhu Ding-Liang , Gao Ping-Jin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Adventitial vasa vasorum provides oxygen and nourishment to the vascular wall, but whether it regulates vascular disease remains unclear. We have previously shown that an increased expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is associated with macrophage infiltration. This study aims to determine whether adventitial fibroblast (AF)-derived VEGF increases the number of vasa vasorum contributing to neointima formation through macrophage recruitment.

Methods and results
In rat balloon injury model, vasa vasorum count was increased particularly in the adventitia accompanied by cell proliferation and VEGF expression. Both endogenous and PKH26-labelled exogenous macrophages were mainly distributed in adventitia around vasa vasorum. Interestingly, perivascular delivery of Ranibizumab preferentially concentrated in adventitia resulted in a decrease of neointima formation with concurrent reduction of vasa vasorum count and macrophage infiltration. AFs with adenovirus-mediated VEGF over-expression delivered to the adventitia significantly enhanced these pathological changes after injury. In Tie2-cre/Rosa-LoxP-RFP mice, endothelial cells were increased in the adventitia after wire injury. By using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, macrophage rolling, adhesion and transmigration were observed in vasa vasorum. Moreover, adoptive transfer of macrophages accelerated injury-induced neointima formation. VEGF-neutralizing antibody administration also attenuated wire injury-induced neointima formation and macrophage infiltration. In primary cultured AFs, exogenous VEGF increased VEGF expression and secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AF-conditioned medium promoted endothelial cell angiogenesis, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and macrophage adhesion was blocked by VEGF-neutralizing antibody and VEGFR2 inhibitor ZM323881, which also inhibited activation of VEGFR2/ERK1/2 pathway.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that AF-derived VEGF plays a significant role in the increase of vasa vasorum count which is involved in macrophage recruitment and neointima formation.
Small animal models of heart failure
Authors: Riehle Christian , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Heart disease is a major cause of death worldwide with increasing prevalence, which urges the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the last few decades, numerous small animal models have been generated to mimic various pathomechanisms contributing to heart failure (HF). Despite some limitations, these animal models have greatly advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of the different aetiologies of HF and paved the way to understanding the underlying mechanisms and development of successful treatments. These models utilize surgical techniques, genetic modifications, and pharmacological approaches. The present review discusses the strengths and limitations of commonly used small animal HF models, which continue to provide crucial insight and facilitate the development of new treatment strategies for patients with HF.
B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 10 and angiotensin II-induced kidney injury
Authors: Markó Lajos , Park Joon-Keun , Henke Norbert , Rong Song , Balogh András , Klamer Samuel , Bartolomaeus Hendrik , Wilck Nicola , Ruland Jürgen , Forslund Sofia K , Luft Friedrich C , Dechend Ralf , Müller Dominik N 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsB-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 10 (Bcl10) is a member of the CARMA-Bcl10-MALT1 signalosome, linking angiotensin (Ang) II, and antigen-dependent immune-cell activation to nuclear factor kappa-B signalling. We showed earlier that Bcl10 plays a role in Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis and remodelling, independent of blood pressure. We now investigated the role of Bcl10 in Ang II-induced renal damage.Methods and resultsBcl10 knockout mice (Bcl10 KO) and wild-type (WT) controls were given 1% NaCl in the drinking water and Ang II (1.44 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Additionally, Bcl10 KO or WT kidneys were transplanted onto WT mice that were challenged by the same protocol for 7 days. Kidneys of Ang II-treated Bcl10 KO mice developed less fibrosis and showed fewer infiltrating cells. Nevertheless, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal) and kidney injury molecule (Kim)1 expression was higher in the kidneys of Ang II-treated Bcl10 KO mice, indicating exacerbated tubular damage. Furthermore, albuminuria was significantly higher in Ang II-treated Bcl10 KO mice accompanied by reduced glomerular nephrin expression and podocyte number. Ang II-treated WT mice transplanted with Bcl10 KO kidney showed more albuminuria and renal Ngal, compared to WT- > WT kidney-transplanted mice, as well as lower podocyte number but similar fibrosis and cell infiltration. Interestingly, mice lacking Bcl10 in the kidney exhibited less Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy than controls.ConclusionBcl10 has multi-faceted actions in Ang II-induced renal damage. On the one hand, global Bcl10 deficiency ameliorates renal fibrosis and cell infiltration; on the other hand, lack of renal Bcl10 aggravates albuminuria and podocyte damage. These data suggest that Bcl10 maintains podocyte integrity and renal function.
Inequalities in the economic consequences of depression and anxiety in Europe: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Linder Anna , Gerdtham Ulf-G. , Trygg Nadja , Fritzell Sara , Saha Sanjib 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Depression and anxiety are associated with adverse outcomes in educational achievements and economic performances. Moreover, the prevalence of these disorders is unequally distributed among different population subgroups. Our objective is to investigate whether the economic consequences of depression and anxiety differ between population subgroups of different gender, socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity and age, in Europe.

Methods
A systematic scoping literature review was performed to identify studies where exposure to depression or anxiety was identified at baseline and consequences in education, sickness absence, disability pension, unemployment and income/earnings were measured at follow-up.

Results
Seventeen articles were included in this review and most of these were conducted in the Nordic countries. The consequences of depression and anxiety were stratified by gender in most of the articles. However, only in a few studies, the findings were stratified by SES, age and ethnicity. The negative consequences of depression in educational performance, disability pension and income are larger for men compared to women. Moreover, low SES individuals have more depression- and anxiety-related absence from work than high SES individuals.

Conclusion
Our findings imply that the economic consequences of depression differ between population subgroups in Europe. This could have an impact on social stratification, shifting people who experience mental ill-health to lower SES groups or reinforcing an already disadvantaged position. More research is needed on unequal economic consequences of depression and anxiety in different population subgroups in Europe.
Predictive factors for non-participation or partial participation in breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening programmes†
Authors: Dawidowicz Sébastien , Le Breton Julien , Moscova Laura , Renard Vincent , Bercier Sandrine , Brixi Zahida , Audureau Etienne , Clerc Pascal , Bastuji-Garin Sylvie , Ferrat Emilie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundNo study has investigated factors associated with non-participation or partial participation in the different combination patterns of screening programmes for all three cancers, that is, breast, colorectal and cervical cancer.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we sought to describe combinations of cancer screening participation rates among women in the Val-de-Marne area of France and to identify individual and contextual factors associated with non-participation or partial participation.ResultsWomen aged between 50 and 65 and who were eligible for all three screening programmes (n = 102 219) were analysed in multilevel logistic models, with the individual as the Level 1 variable and the place of residence as the Level 2 variable. The women who did not participate in any of the screening programmes were 34.4%, whereas 30.1%, 24% and 11.5% participated in one, two or all three screening programmes, respectively. Age below 55, a previous false-positive mammography, prior opportunistic mammography only, no previous mammography, membership of certain health insurance schemes (all P < 0.05) and residence in a deprived area (P < 0.001) were independently associated with non-participation or partial participation. We observed a stronger effect of deprivation on non-participation in all three cancers than in combinations of screening programmes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the health authorities should focus on improving cancer screenings in general rather than screenings for specific types of cancer, especially among younger women and those living in the most socially deprived areas.
Collaboration between the family nurse and family doctor from the perspective of patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Taranta Ewa , Marcinowicz Ludmila 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
There is increasing focus on collaboration in primary health care, but there is insufficient patient perspective on collaboration between the family nurse and family doctor.

Objective
To explore how patients perceive collaboration between the family nurse and family doctor in primary health care in Poland.

Methods
A qualitative approach and an inductive, naturalistic inquiry strategy were used. Thirty-seven patients from eight general practice clinics in the north-eastern part of Poland participated in semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. The qualitative data were examined by means of thematic analysis. The study was reported according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.

Results
Four subthemes emerged in the context of nurse–doctor collaboration, namely: (i) carrying out the doctor’s orders; (ii) visit preparation; (iii) the family nurse as a source of information and (iv) participants’ perceptions of the status of the family nurse. Nurses performing instrumental activities connected with a doctor’s orders was understood by the participants to be collaboration and prevailed in their responses.

Conclusion
The perception of collaboration (or lack thereof) between the family nurse and family doctor results from patients’ varied experiences and observations during their visits to a primary care clinic. The traditional model of nursing care and the hierarchical relationship, in which the doctor has the dominant role, are evident in the patients’ remarks. The autonomy of nursing could be strengthened by expanding, and highlighting, the primary care activities that a nurse can perform on her own.
Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations
Authors: Pepin Kim M , Pedersen Kerri , Wan Xiu-Feng , Cunningham Fred L , Webb Colleen T , Wilber Mark Q 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSwine are important in the ecology of influenza A virus (IAV) globally. Understanding the ecological role of wild pigs in IAV ecology has been limited because surveillance in wild pigs is often for antibodies (serosurveillance) rather than IAVs, as in humans and domestic swine. As IAV antibodies can persist long after an infection, serosurveillance data are not necessarily indicative of current infection risk. However, antibody responses to IAV infections cause a predictable antibody response, thus time of infection can be inferred from antibody levels in serological samples, enabling identification of risk factors of infection at estimated times of infection. Recent work demonstrates that these quantitative antibody methods (QAMs) can accurately recover infection dates, even when individual-level variation in antibody curves is moderately high. Also, the methodology can be implemented in a survival analysis (SA) framework to reduce bias from opportunistic sampling. Here we integrated QAMs and SA and applied this novel QAM–SA framework to understand the dynamics of IAV infection risk in wild pigs seasonally and spatially, and identify risk factors. We used national-scale IAV serosurveillance data from 15 US states. We found that infection risk was highest during January–March (54% of 61 estimated peaks), with 24% of estimated peaks occurring from May to July, and some low-level of infection risk occurring year-round. Time-varying IAV infection risk in wild pigs was positively correlated with humidity and IAV infection trends in domestic swine and humans, and did not show wave-like spatial spread of infection among states, nor more similar levels of infection risk among states with more similar meteorological conditions. Effects of host sex on IAV infection risk in wild pigs were generally not significant. Because most of the variation in infection risk was explained by state-level factors or infection risk at long-distances, our results suggested that predicting IAV infection risk in wild pigs is complicated by local ecological factors and potentially long-distance translocation of infection. In addition to revealing factors of IAV infection risk in wild pigs, our framework is broadly applicable for quantifying risk factors of disease transmission using opportunistic serosurveillance sampling, a common methodology in wildlife disease surveillance. Future research on the factors that determine individual-level antibody kinetics will facilitate the design of serosurveillance systems that can extract more accurate estimates of time-varying disease risk from quantitative antibody data.
Neighbourhood context and binge drinking from adolescence into early adulthood in a US national cohort
Authors: Fairman Brian J , Goldstein Risë B , Simons-Morton Bruce G , Haynie Denise L , Liu Danping , Hingson Ralph W , Gilman Stephen E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Underage binge drinking is a serious health concern that is likely influenced by the neighbourhood environment. However, longitudinal evidence has been limited and few studies have examined time-varying neighbourhood factors and demographic subgroup variation.

Methods
We investigated neighbourhood influences and binge drinking in a national cohort of US 10th grade students at four times (2010–2014; n = 2745). We estimated odds ratios (OR) for past 30-day binge drinking associated with neighbourhood disadvantage, personal and property crime (quartiles), and number of liquor, beer and wine stores within 5 km, and then evaluated whether neighbourhood associations differ by age, sex and race/ethnicity.

Results
Neighbourhood disadvantage was associated with binge drinking before 18 [OR = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (1.14, 2.08)], but not after 18 years of age. Property crime in neighbourhoods was associated with a higher odds of binge drinking [OR = 1.54 (0.96, 2.45)], an association that was stronger in early adulthood [4th vs 1st quartile: OR = 1.77 (1.04, 3.03)] and among Whites [4th vs 1st quartile: OR = 2.46 (1.03, 5.90)]. Higher density of liquor stores predicted binge drinking among Blacks [1–10 stores vs none: OR = 4.31 (1.50, 12.36)] whereas higher density of beer/wine stores predicted binge drinking among Whites [one vs none for beer: OR = 2.21 (1.06, 4.60); for wine: OR = 2.04 (1.04, 4.03)].

Conclusions
Neighbourhood conditions, particularly those related to economic circumstances, crime and alcohol outlet density, were related to binge drinking among young adults, but associations varied across age and individual characteristics.
Compact Tori Associated to Hyperkähler Manifolds of Kummer Type
Authors: O’Grady Kieran G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Dedicato alla piccola Mia.
For $X$ a hyperkähler manifold of Kummer type, let $J^3(X)$ be the intermediate Jacobian associated to $H^3(X)$. We prove that $H^2(X)$ can be embedded into $H^2(J^3(X))$. We show that there exists a natural smooth quadric $Q(X)$ in the projectivization of $H^3(X)$, such that Gauss–Manin parallel transport identifies the set of projectivizations of $H^{2,1}(Y)$, for $Y$ a deformation of $X$, with an open subset of a linear section of $Q^{+}(X)$, one component of the variety of maximal linear subspaces of $Q(X)$. We give a new proof of a result of Mongardi restricting the action of monodromy on $H^2(X)$. Lastly, we show that if $X$ is projective, then $J^3(X)$ is an abelian fourfold of Weil type.
Relaxing non-interference requirements in parallel plans
Authors: Bofill Miquel , Espasa Joan , Villaret Mateu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of being able to reason about quantities, time or space has been the main objective of the many efforts on the integration of propositional planning with extensions to handle different theories. Planning modulo theories (PMTs) are an approximation inspired by satisfiability modulo theories (SMTs) that generalize the integration of arbitrary theories with propositional planning. Parallel plans are crucial to reduce plan lengths and hence the time needed to reach a feasible plan in many approaches. Parallelization of actions relies on the notion of (non-)interference, which is usually determined syntactically at compile time. In this paper we define a semantic notion of interference between actions in PMT. Apart from being strictly stronger than any syntactic notion of interference, we show how semantic interference can be easily and efficiently checked by calling an off-the-shelf SMT solver at compile time, constituting a technique orthogonal to the solving method.
Trend on the protection of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources within intellectual property chapters of Free Trade Agreements: the Peruvian experience
Authors: Ortega Sanabria Diego Francoise 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
During negotiations of Free Trade Agreements, the bargaining power of developed countries has pushed developing countries to yield to higher standards of intellectual property protection in exchange of commercial benefits. However, there is evidence that developing countries can also seek and ensure the adoption of measures aimed at safeguarding their legitimate interests as a result of these negotiations. An example is Peru, which has sought to ensure the inclusion of provisions to require patent applicants to disclose the origin of the genetic resources and the associated traditional knowledge when they are used in the development of an invention, as well as the presentation of the evidence as to the prior informed consent from their legitimate owners and the corresponding equitable benefit-sharing. This article seeks to analyze whether the terms finally adopted have had a real impact on the protection of the Peruvian traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources.