bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Composition and Mortality in Mexican American Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Howell Carrie R. , Mehta Tapan , Ejima Keisuke , Ness Kirsten K. , Cherrington Andrea , Fontaine Kevin R. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveEpidemiologic analyses indicate a lack of association between BMI (kg/m2) and mortality among Hispanic adults. Because BMI provides only a surrogate for the real variable of interest, adiposity, this study evaluated associations between measures of body composition and mortality.MethodsUsing data from US‐residing Mexican Americans in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (n = 4,480) and NHANES 1999‐2010 (n = 5,849), the association between seven measures of body composition measured via anthropometry and bio‐electrical impedance analysis (i.e., waist circumference, waist‐to‐height ratios [WHtR], skinfolds, lean mass, fat mass, percent body fat, and BMI) and all‐cause and cardiovascular and diabetes mortality were examined. Additional analyses were stratified by gender.ResultsWaist circumference (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.07) and WHtR (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.14) were weakly associated with an increased all‐cause mortality, while WHtR was associated with an increased risk of diabetes‐related death (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.49). In gender‐stratified analyses, there was an increased risk of mortality in females who had increases in WHtR and waist circumference for all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular deaths.ConclusionsWaist circumference and WHtR were associated with increased risk of all‐cause and diabetes‐related mortality in US‐residing Mexican American adults.
Adiposity and Diabetes Risk in Adults with Prediabetes: Heterogeneity of Findings Depending on Age and Anthropometric Measure
Authors: Giráldez‐García Carolina , Franch‐Nadal Josep , Sangrós F. Javier , Ruiz Antonio , Carramiñana Francisco , Goday Albert , Villaró Mercè , García‐Soidán F. Javier , Serrano Rosario , Regidor Enrique ,   the PREDAPS Study Group
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on diabetes incidence by general and central adiposity after 3‐year follow‐up in adults with prediabetes.MethodsData were taken from a cohort of 1,184 subjects with prediabetes included in The Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS). General adiposity was defined using body mass index (BMI), and central adiposity was defined with waist circumference and waist to height ratio. Data were analyzed by age groups 30 to 59 and 60 to 74 years. The association between adiposity and diabetes incidence was assessed using hazard ratios (HR).ResultsAdjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, and metabolic parameters, diabetes HR for central adiposity based on the waist circumference clinical cutoff were 2.14 (1.12‐4.09) and 1.48 (0.80‐2.74) for people aged 30 to 59 and 60 to 74 years, respectively. In the model additionally adjusted for BMI, diabetes HR were 2.65 (1.24‐5.65) and 1.33 (0.68‐2.59), respectively. The use of a 1‐SD increase rather than cutoff points did not alter this pattern. Similar findings were observed with central adiposity based on waist to height ratio.ConclusionsThe association of central adiposity with type 2 diabetes incidence was lower for people in the older age group than for those in the younger age group.
Synthesis of Hollow Co–Fe Prussian Blue Analogue Cubes by using Silica Spheres as a Sacrificial Template
Authors: Azhar Alowasheeir , Zakaria Mohamed B. , Ebeid El‐Zeiny M. , Chikyow Toyohiro , Bando Yoshio , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Alghamdi Yousef Gamaan , Cai Ze‐Xing , Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Lin Jianjian , Kim Hansu , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHerein, we report a novel method for the formation of hollow Prussian blue analogue (CoFe–PBA) nanocubes, using spherical silica particles as sacrificial templates. In the first step, silica cores are coated by a CoFe–PBA shell and then removed by etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF). The cubic shape of CoFe–PBA is well‐retained even after the removal of the silica cores, resulting in the formation of hollow CoFe–PBA cubes. The specific capacity of the hollow CoFe–PBA nanocubes electrodes is about two times higher than that of solid CoFe–PBA nanocubes as storage materials for sodium ions. Such an improvement in the electrochemical properties can be attributed to their hollow internal nanostructure. The hollow architecture can offer a larger interfacial area between the electrolyte and the electrode, leading to an improvement in the electrochemical activity. This strategy can be applied to develop PBAs with hollow interiors for a wide range of applications.
Efficacy of canagliflozin against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Itani Toshio , Ishihara Tomoaki 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is characterized by insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and often prediabetes or diabetes. Canagliflozin, a selective sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, is a new oral anti‐diabetic drug that reduces hyperglycaemia by promoting urinary glucose excretion. Glycosuria produced by canagliflozin is associated with weight loss, mainly due to reduced fat volume and improve insulin resistance. Reduced body weight and improvement of insulin resistance by canagliflozin may be an effective treatment for NAFLD.MethodsThirty‐five patients with NAFLD (17 men and 18 women) were enrolled and administered canagliflozin (100 mg). Body weight and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GTP), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), blood sugar (BS), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), uric acid (UA) and ferritin, and fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index values were measured at baseline and at 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐up visits.ResultsBody weight and serum levels of AST, ALT, γ‐GTP, TG, UA, HbA1C, BS and ferritin decreased significantly after 3 and 6 months of canagliflozin treatment. Serum BS levels and FIB‐4 index values decreased slightly following 3 months of treatment; these results reached significance after 6 months. Reduced serum ALT levels at 6 months were significantly correlated with baseline HbA1C and ferritin levels. Moreover, a significant correlation between reduced body weight and serum ALT levels was observed at 6 months. Decreased serum ALT levels were significantly correlated with decreased serum ferritin at 6 months.ConclusionsCanagliflozin significantly reduced the serum levels of BS, HbA1C, TG, UA and ferritin, as well as FIB‐4 index values and body weight, with improved liver function. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors may be an important therapeutic modality for improving liver injury in NAFLD patients.
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon in an infant: Successful treatment with prednisolone, vincristine, and addition of sirolimus
Authors: Cashell Jamie , Smink Gayle M. , Helm Klaus , Xavier Frederico 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA full‐term newborn with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) affecting the right thigh with thrombocytopenia due to Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP) was referred to our center. After biopsy, he rapidly evolved to severe thrombocytopenia and severe coagulopathy. Standard therapy was initiated with prednisolone and vincristine. His coagulopathy worsened to life‐threatening hemorrhage necessitating aggressive blood products replacement. Sirolimus was added; he became transfusion independent with no further bleeding and reduction in tumor size. Addition of sirolimus to treatment of vascular anomalies with hemostatic complications should be considered as part of early treatment for patients with KMP/KHE.
Fludarabine‐based reduced toxicity yet myeloablative conditioning is effective and safe particularly in patients with high‐risk thalassemia undergoing allogeneic transplantation
Authors: Sheth Vipul , Grisariu Sigal , Avni Batia , Stepensky Polina , Ashkenazi Maayan , Shapira Michael Y. , Or Reuven 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThalassemia major (TM) is an inherited disorder caused by ineffective erythropoiesis. At the present time, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) is a curative option. Conventional busulfan and cyclophosphamide based myeloablative conditioning regimens are limited by increased toxicity, especially in high‐risk patients. Replacement of cyclophosphamide with fludarabine has reduced toxicity and nonrelapse mortality (NRM), thus improving outcomes. We analyzed long‐term data of our fludarabine‐based myeloablative, reduced toxicity protocol, specifically in high‐risk patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 47 consecutive patients with TM undergoing allo‐SCT from matched donors, using the fludarabine‐based regimen (reduced toxicity regimen). The median age of the cohort was 10 years. Thirty‐eight patients (80%) were in the high‐risk and nine patients (20%) were in the low‐risk category. The primary aim of this analysis was thalassemia‐free survival (TFS).ResultsThe rejection rate was 11% within high‐risk patients with NRM of 2%. With a median follow‐up period of 7 years (1–15 years), the 10‐year TFS in the entire cohort was 87%, and the overall survival (OS) was 97%. The 10‐year TFS and OS among the low‐risk and high‐risk groups were 90% versus 84%, respectively (P = 0.45) and 100% versus 96%, respectively (P = 0.5), and both subsets of patients did equally well.ConclusionIn conclusion, replacement of high‐dose cyclophosphamide with fludarabine is well tolerated with minimal regimen‐related toxicity and acceptable rejection rates, especially in high‐risk patients.
Resource utilization and toxicities after single versus tandem autologous stem cell rescue in high‐risk neuroblastoma using a national administrative database
Authors: Desai Ami V. , Li Yimei , Getz Kelly , Seif Alix E. , Fisher Brian , Huang Vera , Aplenc Richard , Bagatell Rochelle 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue (HDC‐ASCR) has improved event‐free survival for children with high‐risk neuroblastoma. Common regimens include carboplatin/etoposide/melphalan (CEM), busulfan/melphalan (BuMel), and tandem HDC‐ASCR [thiotepa/cyclophosphamide (TC) followed by CEM]. To complement clinical trial data and to evaluate the clinical burden associated with these regimens, resource ultilization (RU) was evaluated. An administrative database was used to evaluate RU in a previously developed high‐risk neuroblastoma cohort. Single CEM and BuMel patients were followed for 60 days from the first day of the HDC‐ASCR preparative regimen or until death, whichever came first. Tandem patients were followed from the first day of the first HDC‐ASCR preparative regimen through day 60 from the first day of the second HDC‐ASCR. Resources compared included inpatient days, ICU‐level care, and medications administered.ResultsA cohort of 578 patients was evaluated; 422 patients underwent single HDC‐ASCR with CEM, 67 received BuMel, 72 underwent TC/CEM, and 17 received only the first portion of tandem HDC‐ASCR. The median number of inpatient days and days of exposure to antibiotics, opioids, and total parenteral nutrition were higher in the tandem group than in the CEM and BuMel groups. However, the rate of use of several ICU‐level resources per 1000 hospital days was lower for the tandem group.ConclusionsThese data suggest that while patients undergoing tandem HDC‐ASCR were hospitalized longer, the severity of illness during hospitalization was not greater in tandem patients.
Outcomes of febrile events in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Sirigaddi Krishnaveni , Aban Inmaculada , Jantz Amelia , Pernell Brandi M. , Hilliard Lee M. , Bhatia Smita , Lebensburger Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundLimited evidence exists to create institutional admission criteria guidelines for febrile sickle cell patients. In addition, evidence is lacking to understand readmission rates for febrile sickle cell patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) or hospital.ProceduresWe conducted a 16‐year retrospective study of bacteremia outcomes for febrile sickle cell patients. Risk variables analyzed included fever (either ≥ 39.5°C or ≥40°C), abnormal white blood cell (WBC) (>30,000 or <5,000/mcL), tachycardia and hypotension, or “ill appearing.” Fourteen‐day readmission rates were analyzed to determine outcomes for febrile sickle cell patients discharged from the ED or discharged within 72 h.ResultsBacteremia was identified in 17 (2.6%) of 653 febrile events that are presented to the ED. “Ill‐appearing” patients had an 8.5‐fold increased odds of being diagnosed with bacteremia. Models using WBC count, “ill appearing,” and hypotension have the highest sensitivity and specificity (AUC > 0.75). Among 427 patients discharged from the ED or within 72 h of hospitalization, only 10 (2.3%) were readmitted for a new sickle cell complication.ConclusionsInstitutions can develop admission criteria based on WBC count, hypotension, and “ill appearance.” Persistently febrile, well‐appearing patient can be discharged at 48 h with minimal risk for new complications.
Comorbidities are associated with poorer quality of life and functioning and worse symptoms in the 5 years following colorectal cancer surgery: Results from the ColoREctal Well‐being (CREW) cohort study
Authors: Cummings Amanda , Grimmett Chloe , Calman Lynn , Patel Mubarak , Permyakova Natalia Vadimovna , Winter Jane , Corner Jessica , Din Amy , Fenlon Deborah , Richardson Alison , Smith Peter W. ,   Members of CREW Study Advisory Committee, Foster Claire 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveMore people are living with the consequences of cancer and comorbidity. We describe frequencies of comorbidities in a colorectal cancer cohort and associations with health and well‐being outcomes up to 5 years following surgery.MethodsProspective cohort study of 872 colorectal cancer patients recruited 2010 to 2012 from 29 UK centres, awaiting curative intent surgery. Questionnaires administered at baseline (pre‐surgery), 3, 9, 15, 24 months, and annually up to 5 years. Comorbidities (and whether they limit activities) were self‐reported by participants from 3 months. The EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐CR29 assessed global health/quality of life (QoL), symptoms, and functioning. Longitudinal analyses investigated associations between comorbidities and health and well‐being outcomes.ResultsAt baseline, the mean age of participants was 68 years, with 60% male and 65% colon cancer. Thirty‐two per cent had 1 and 40% had ≥2 comorbidities. The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure (43%), arthritis/rheumatism (32%), and anxiety/depression (18%). Of those with comorbidities, 37% reported at least 1 that limited their daily activities. Reporting any limiting comorbidities was associated with poorer global health/QoL, worse symptoms, and poorer functioning on all domains over 5‐year follow‐up. Controlling for the most common individual comorbidities, depression/anxiety had the greatest deleterious effect on outcomes.ConclusionsClinical assessment should prioritise patient‐reported comorbidities and whether these comorbidities limit daily activities, as important determinants of recovery of QoL, symptoms, and functioning following colorectal cancer. Targeted interventions and support services, including multiprofessional management and tailored assessment and follow‐up, may aid recovery of health and well‐being in these individuals.
Effects of land use on infestation and parasitism rates of cabbage seed weevil in oilseed rape
Authors: Kovács Gabriella , Kaasik Riina , Lof Marjolein E , van der Werf Wopke , Kaart Tanel , Holland John M , Luik Anne , Veromann Eve 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated how infestation rates of an important oilseed rape pest, the cabbage seed weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus) and rates of parasitization by its parasitoids are affected by land use, up to 1000 m from 18 focal fields.RESULTSThe mean proportion of C. obstrictus‐infested pods per plant was 8% (2–19.5%). Infestation rates were higher if the adjacent habitat was a herbaceous semi‐natural habitat than if it was either another crop or a woody habitat. Infestation rates were positively related to the area of herbaceous semi‐natural vegetation, permanent grassland and wheat (which followed oilseed rape in the crop rotation) at a spatial scale of at least 1 km. The mean parasitism rate of C. obstrictus larvae was 55% (8.3–87%), sufficient to provide efficient biocontrol. Parasitism rates were unrelated to adjacent habitats, however, they were positively related to the presence of herbaceous linear elements in the landscape and negatively related to permanent grasslands at a spatial scale of 200 m.CONCLUSIONProximity of herbaceous elements increased both infestation rates and parasitism, while infestation was also related to landscape factors at larger distances. The findings provide an empirical basis for designing landscapes that suppress C. obstrictus, at both field and landscape scales. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Production and analysis of multiply charged negative ions by liquid atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Hale Oliver J. , Ryumin Pavel , Brown Jeffery M. , Morris Michael , Cramer Rainer 
Published: August 2018

RationaleLiquid atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation (AP‐MALDI) has been shown to enable the production of electrospray ionisation (ESI)‐like multiply charged analyte ions with little sample consumption and long‐lasting, robust ion yield for sensitive analysis by mass spectrometry (MS). Previous reports have focused on positive ion production. Here, we report an initial optimisation of liquid AP‐MALDI for ESI‐like negative ion production and its application to the analysis of peptides/proteins, DNA and lipids.MethodsThe instrumentation employed for this study is identical to that of earlier liquid AP‐MALDI MS studies for positive analyte ion production with a simple non‐commercial AP ion source that is attached to a Waters Synapt G2‐Si mass spectrometer and incorporates a heated ion transfer tube. The preparation of liquid MALDI matrices is similar to positive ion mode analysis but has been adjusted for negative ion mode by changing the chromophore to 3‐aminoquinoline and 9‐aminoacridine for further improvements.ResultsFor DNA, liquid AP‐MALDI MS analysis benefited from switching to 9‐aminoacridine‐based MALDI samples and the negative ion mode, increasing the number of charges by up to a factor of 2 and the analyte ion signal intensities by more than 10‐fold compared with the positive ion mode. The limit of detection was recorded at around 10 fmol for ATGCAT. For lipids, negative ion mode analysis provided a fully orthogonal set of detected lipids.ConclusionsNegative ion mode is a sensitive alternative to positive ion mode in liquid AP‐MALDI MS analysis. In particular, the analysis of lipids and DNA benefited from the complementarity of the detected lipid species and the vastly greater DNA ion signal intensities in negative ion mode.
Improving the preparation of novice secondary science teachers for English learners: A proof of concept study
Authors: Lyon Edward G. , Stoddart Trish , Bunch George C. , Tolbert Sara , Salinas Ivan , Solis Jorge 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis proof of concept study investigated a secondary science teacher preparation intervention in six university programs across Arizona, California, and Texas. Researchers and science method instructors (SMIs) collaboratively restructured respective science method courses to hold fidelity to an interrelated set of instructional practices that attend to science learning as envisioned in a Framework for K–12 Science Education, while also creating contextualized spaces for language and literacy development targeted to English learners (ELs), but also supportive of “mainstream” students. We observed the teaching of SMIs and preservice teachers (PSTs) with observation rubrics to gauge the fidelity to which they implemented practices. Across programs, SMIs provided opportunities for PSTs to experience the instructional practices as intended, although there was less opportunity for pedagogical development around them. The strongest evidence of PST fidelity to the intervention was found for two practices: “Increasing student interaction” and “Facilitating student talk.” Considerable variation was found across the programs for other practices including some evidence of negative effects. We discuss results in terms of promises for preparing novice secondary science teachers, as well as future directions to overcome challenges that researchers, SMIs, and novice teachers are likely to face when preparing novice science teachers.
Entrepreneurship, innovation, and political competition: How the public sector helps the sharing economy create value
Authors: Paik Yongwook , Kang Sukhun , Seamans Robert 
Published: August 2018

Research Summary:With the recent growth of the sharing economy, regulators must frequently strike the right balance between private and public interests to maximize value creation. In this article, we argue that political competition is a critical ingredient that explains whether cities accommodate or ban ridesharing platforms and that this relationship is moderated in more populous cities and in cities with higher unemployment rates. We test our arguments using archival data covering ridesharing bans in various U.S. cities during the 2011–2015 period. We supplement these data with semistructured interviews. We find broad support for our arguments while mitigating potential endogeneity concerns. Our study has important implications for nonmarket strategy, entrepreneurship and innovation, and public‐private partnership literatures. In addition, our findings inform policy debates on the sharing economy.Managerial Summary:Entrepreneurs and businesses oftentimes face severe regulatory barriers when commercializing innovative products and services even if the innovations are generally beneficial for consumers and the broader society. This research focuses on the political determinants of regulation to provide a better understanding of why some markets are more receptive to innovative products while other markets are more hostile to them. Using the banning of ridesharing companies (e.g., Uber and Lyft) in various U.S. cities during the 2011–2015 period, we find that elected politicians facing less political competition (i.e., not easily replaceable, serving multiple terms, longer tenure in office) were more likely to ban ridesharing companies and favor, potentially displaceable, local taxicab companies. Our research has implications for navigating the political barriers to entry.