bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criticality mitigation in a quasi-constant coupling position independent resonant IPT network
Authors: Pacini Alex , Mastri Franco , Masotti Diego , Costanzo Alessandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses some significant design issues that are faced in resonant inductive system for wireless power transfer ‘on the move’. The targeted system adopts a single AC source to power a sequence of transmitting (Tx) coils, placed along theRxpath, whose geometry is optimized to minimize the variations of coupling for every possibleRxposition. To retain a constant coupling coefficient, two nearbyTxcoils are series-connected and simultaneously activated, establishing a path without any theoretical bound on its length, by a suitable switching network. This work analyzes the effects of asynchronous switching times, which are rigorously accounted for and minimized by a proper design of the compensating circuit elements, minimizing both the voltage spikes and the over currents on the coils, while keeping the system at resonance. A prototype operating at 6.78 MHz is built and experimental validations are carried out to verify the feasibility of a constant coupling link without experiencing the mentioned effects, but the adopted procedure is general and independent on its size or frequency.
Design and realization of a self-actuated frequency-selective radome integrated with microstrip antenna
Authors: Zhou Qihui , Liu Peiguo , Yi Bo , Yu Dingwang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a self-actuated frequency-selective radome is presented and applied to a microstrip antenna. The radome acts as a self-triggered switchable screen to achieve adaptive electromagnetic protection in the L band. A prototype of the radome is fabricated to measure its transmission performance. The switchable characteristic is verified by a high-power radiation experiment carried out in a waveguide system. Besides, the antenna is placed under the radome to realize integration analysis, and the radiation performance of the composite antenna radome is measured in the anechoic chamber.
Substrate-integrated waveguide cross-coupled filters with mixed electric and magnetic coupling structure
Authors: Azad Amit Ranjan , Jhariya Dharmendra Kumar , Mohan Akhilesh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) mixed electric and magnetic coupling structure implemented on a single-layer substrate to create finite transmission zeros (TZs), which can be used to design microwave filters with higher frequency selectivity. Mixed coupling is realized by three slot-lines on the top metal plane combined with an iris-window between two adjacent SIW cavities. The electric and magnetic coupling can be separately controlled by adjusting the dimensions of the slot-lines and the width of the iris-window, and a controllable TZ below or above the passband can be produced. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the mixed coupling structure is presented. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed structure, third- and fourth-order cross-coupled generalized Chebyshev bandpass filters are designed and fabricated using the standard printed circuit board process. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The filters exhibit simple structure and good frequency selectivity.
Developmental Outcomes, Attachment and Parenting: Study of a Sample of Spanish Premature Children
Authors: Sierra-García Purificación , López-Maestro María , Torres-Valdivieso María José , Díaz-González Celia , Carrasco Miguel , Ares-Segura Susana , Duque de Blas Gonzalo , Pallás-Alonso Carmen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to provide an overview of the development of premature children, including attachment, child psychological adjustment and parental variables. 130 children < 1,500 g or < 32 weeks at birth from two public hospitals, assessed at two years corrected age, together with their parents. Parental socio-demographic data was collected. Infant development, attachment and child psychological adjustment were evaluated, as was parental stress. The percentage of preterm children with developmental delays ranged from 5% to 21%. Girls tend to show higher levels of development than boys with effect sizes ranging from small, η2p= .02, to medium, η2p= .07. Secure attachment was the most frequent pattern in the sample. No significant differences,p< .05, between preterm children and the normative population were found on children´s behavioral problems and maternal stress levels. Despite the fact prematurity is considered to be a risk factor for a child´s development, a significant proportion of these children do not show problems in terms of developmental levels, attachment pattern and maternal stress. However, socio-emotional and affective domains, as well as psychological support programs for parenthood, should be followed up from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Olivine Oxygen Isotope Evidence for Intracontinental Recycling of Delaminated Continental Crust
Authors: Wang Chun‐Guang , Xu Wen‐Liang , Yang De‐Bin , Liu Yong‐Sheng , Pei Fu‐Ping , Li Qiu‐Li , Zhou Qun‐Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper reports the oxygen isotope compositions of olivine from dunite, wehrlite, harzburgite, and lherzolite xenoliths entrained by the Early Cretaceous high‐Mg diorites and Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and eastern North China Craton, with the aim of constraining processes that happened in the lithospheric mantle. Olivine oxygen isotope compositions were analyzed in situ using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Olivine δ18O of harzburgite and lherzolite xenoliths hosted in the Fushan and Tietonggou diorites with Archean and Paleoproterozoic rhenium‐depletion model ages ranges from 5.1‰ to 5.8‰, similar to olivine from spinel lherzolite xenoliths in the Late Cretaceous Fuxin basalts (olivine δ18O = 5.2–5.4‰) and typical mantle olivine. In contrast, olivine δ18O from dunite and wehrlite xenoliths ranges from 6.1‰ to 7.7‰, significantly higher than the typical mantle values. The olivine oxygen isotope data, combined with the petrologic observations, mineral compositions, and whole‐rock trace element and Sr‐Nd‐Os isotope compositions of the peridotite, suggest that the peridotites in Early Cretaceous high‐Mg diorites had been affected by interaction with melt derived from delaminated continental crust. These data provide compelling evidence for the recycling of continental crust in an intracontinental setting.
Evolution of the 2015 Cotopaxi Eruption Revealed by Combined Geochemical and Seismic Observations
Authors: Hidalgo Silvana , Battaglia Jean , Arellano Santiago , Sierra Daniel , Bernard Benjamin , Parra René , Kelly Peter , Dinger Florian , Barrington Charlotte , Samaniego Pablo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThrough integration of multiple data streams to monitor volcanic unrest scientists are able to make more robust eruption forecast and to obtain a more holistic interpretation of volcanic systems. We examined gas emission and gas geochemistry and seismic and petrologic data recorded during the 2015 unrest of Cotopaxi (Ecuador) in order to decipher the origin and temporal evolution of this eruption. Identification of families of similar seismic events and the use of seismic amplitude ratios reveals temporal changes in volcanic processes. SO2 (300 to 24,000 t/d), BrO/SO2 (5–10 × 10−5), SO2/HCl (5.8 ± 4.8 and 6.6 ± 3.0), and CO2/SO2 (0.6 to 2.1) measured throughout the eruption indicate a shallow magmatic source. Bulk ash and glass chemistry indicate a homogenous andesitic (SiO2 wt % = 56.94 ± 0.25) magma having undergone extensive S‐exsolution and degassing during ascent. These data lead us to interpret this eruption as a magma intrusion and ascend to shallow levels. The intrusion progressively interacted with the hydrothermal system, boiled off water, and produced hydromagmatic explosions. A small volume of this intrusion continued to fragment and produced episodic ash emissions until it was sufficiently degassed and rheologically stiff. Based on the 470 kt of measured SO2 we estimate that ~65.3 × 106 m3 of magma were required to supply the emitted gases. This volume exceeds the volume of erupted juvenile material by a factor of 50. This result emphasizes the importance of careful monitoring of Cotopaxi to identify the intrusion of a new batch of magma, which could rejuvenate the nonerupted material.
The Control of Environmental Stratification on the Hurricane Maximum Potential Intensity
Authors: Kieu Chanh , Zhang Da‐Lin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study examines the dependence of the hurricane maximum potential intensity (MPI) on environmental stratification beyond the traditional MPI framework. Unlike the previous formulation in which MPI is a function of the convective available potential energy in the eyewall only, a new MPI formulation is introduced herein that explicitly incorporates the effects of environmental stratification. The new formulation is examined within an axisymmetric modeling framework, using various initial vertical thermodynamic structures. Results show the strong dependence of the model simulated maximum hurricane intensity on environmental stratification, with a lower maximum intensity for a more stable troposphere. Given the growing evidence from recent studies showing that a warmer sea surface temperature would induce a more stable troposphere, our finding suggests a smaller change in the maximum hurricane intensity in the future warming climate than that estimated from the current MPI framework. The new formulation highlights the importance of environmental stratification in hurricane development and the long‐term variability of hurricane intensity, a complete understanding of which is still elusive at present.
Augmenting Onshore GNSS Displacements With Offshore Observations to Improve Slip Characterization for Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes
Authors: Saunders Jessie K. , Haase Jennifer S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor the Cascadia subduction zone, Mw~8 megathrust earthquake hazard is of particular interest because uncertainties in the predicted tsunami size affect evacuation alerts. To reduce these uncertainties, we examine how augmenting the current Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) network in Cascadia with offshore stations improves static slip inversions for Mw~8 megathrust earthquakes at different rupture depths. We test two offshore coseismic data types: vertical‐only bottom pressure sensors and pressure sensors combined with GNSS‐Acoustic aided horizontal positions. We find that amphibious networks best constrain slip for a shallow earthquake compared to onshore‐only networks when offshore stations are located above the rupture. However, inversions using vertical‐only offshore data underestimate shallow slip and tsunami impact. Including offshore horizontal observations improves slip estimates, particularly maximum slip. This suggests that while real‐time GNSS‐Acoustic sensors may have a long development timeline, they will have more impact for static inversion‐based tsunami early warning systems than bottom pressure sensors.
The Kinematic Similarity of Two Western Boundary Currents Revealed by Sustained High‐Resolution Observations
Authors: Archer M. R. , Keating S. R. , Roughan M. , Johns W. E. , Lumpkin R. , Beron‐Vera F. J. , Shay L. K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWestern boundary currents (WBCs) modulate the global climate and dominate regional ocean dynamics. Despite their importance, few direct comparisons of the kinematic structure of WBCs exist, due to a lack of equivalent sustained observational data sets. Here we compare multiyear, high‐resolution observations (1 km, hourly) of surface currents in two WBCs (Florida Current and East Australian Current) upstream of their separation point. Current variability is dominated by meandering, and the WBCs exhibit contrasting time‐mean velocities in a Eulerian coordinate frame. By transforming to a jet‐following coordinate frame, we show that the time‐mean surface velocity structure of the WBC jets is remarkably similar, considering their distinct local wind, bathymetry, and meandering signals. Both WBCs show steep submesoscale kinetic energy wavenumber spectra with weak seasonal variability, in contrast to recent findings in other ocean regions. Our results suggest that it is the mesoscale flow field that controls mixing and ocean dynamics in these regions.
Global Observations of Horizontal Mixing from Argo Float and Surface Drifter Trajectories
Authors: Roach Christopher J. , Balwada Dhruv , Speer Kevin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMixing by mesoscale eddies in the ocean plays a major role in setting the distribution of oceanic tracers, with important implications for physical and biochemical systems at local to global scales. Roach et al. (2016; https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011440) demonstrated that a two‐particle analysis of Argo trajectories produces robust estimates of horizontal mixing in the Southern Ocean. Here we extend this analysis to produce global 1° × 1° maps of eddy diffusivity at the nominal Argo parking depth of 1,000 m. We also applied this methodology to estimate surface eddy diffusivities from Global Drifter Program (GDP) surface drifters. The global mean eddy diffusivity was 543 ± 155 m2/s at 1,000 m and 2637 ± 311 m2/s at the surface, with elevated diffusivities in regions of enhanced eddy kinetic energy, such as western boundary currents and along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The eddy kinetic energy at the equator is high at both the surface and depth, but the eddy diffusivity is only enhanced near the surface. At depth the eddy diffusivity is strongly suppressed due to the presence of mean flow. We used our observational estimates to test the validity of an eddy diffusivity parameterization that accounts for mixing suppression in the presence of zonal mean flows. Our results indicated that this parameterization generally agrees with the directly observed eddy diffusivities in the midlatitude and high‐latitude oceans.
A New Bathymetry for the Southeastern Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf: Implications for Modern Oceanographic Processes and Glacial History
Authors: Rosier S. H. R. , Hofstede C. , Brisbourne A. M. , Hattermann T. , Nicholls K. W. , Davis P. E. D. , Anker P. G. D. , Hillenbrand C.‐D. , Smith A. M. , Corr H. F. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf, the ocean cavity beneath it, and the Weddell Sea that bounds it, form an important part of the global climate system by modulating ice discharge from the Antarctic Ice Sheet and producing cold dense water masses that feed the global thermohaline circulation. A prerequisite for modeling the ice sheet and oceanographic processes within the cavity is an accurate knowledge of the sub‐ice sheet bedrock elevation, but beneath the ice shelf where airborne radar cannot penetrate, bathymetric data are sparse. This paper presents new seismic point measurements of cavity geometry from a particularly poorly sampled region south of Berkner Island that connects the Filchner and Ronne ice shelves. An updated bathymetric grid formed by combining the new data with existing data sets reveals several new features. In particular, a sill running between Berkner Island and the mainland could alter ocean circulation within the cavity and change our understanding of paleo‐ice stream flow in the region. Also revealed are deep troughs near the grounding lines of Foundation and Support Force ice streams, which provide access for seawater with melting potential. Running an ocean tidal model with the new bathymetry reveals large differences in tidal current velocities, both within the new gridded region and further afield, potentially affecting sub‐ice shelf melt rates.
Moisture Sources for Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events Over South China During 1979–2013
Authors: Huang Wenyu , He Xinsheng , Yang Zifan , Qiu Tianpei , Wright Jonathon S. , Wang Bin , Lin Daiyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA Lagrangian approach is applied to explore the evaporative moisture sources within the boundary layer for 103 wintertime extreme precipitation events over South China during 1979–2013. Oceanic sources provided about 67.7% of the moisture for these extreme precipitation events, with terrestrial sources providing the remaining parts. The five most important moisture source regions were the South China Sea (30.9% of the total moisture source within boundary layer), the western North Pacific (20.2%), the East China Sea (14.9%), South China (i.e., moisture recycling, in which local evapotranspiration supplies moisture for precipitation; 14.6%), and southeastern Asia (11.5%). Characteristic trajectories linking moisture from the key source regions to South China are identified. All of these trajectories entered China south of the Yangtze River, with characteristic time scales ranging from 2.8 to 5.7 days. The critical circulation patterns for moisture transport from different source regions are also determined. Cyclonic anomalies over South China and its surrounding continental areas favored moisture transport from the South China Sea and southeastern Asia. To leading order, changes in the relative contributions of these and other key moisture source regions were associated with changes in the location or development pattern of these cyclonic anomalies. Beyond these relationships, the presence of anticyclonic anomalies over the western North Pacific favored moisture transport from the western North Pacific, while the absence of these anomalies favored moisture recycling within South China and moisture transport from the East China Sea.
Novel prosthecate bacteria from the candidate phylum Acetothermia
Authors: Hao Liping , McIlroy Simon Jon , Kirkegaard Rasmus Hansen , Karst Søren Michael , Fernando Warnakulasuriya Eustace Yrosh , Aslan Hüsnü , Meyer Rikke Louise , Albertsen Mads , Nielsen Per Halkjær , Dueholm Morten Simonsen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Members of the candidate phylum Acetothermia are globally distributed and detected in various habitats. However, little is known about their physiology and ecological importance. In this study, an operational taxonomic unit belonging to Acetothermia was detected at high abundance in four full-scale anaerobic digesters by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The first closed genome from this phylum was obtained by differential coverage binning of metagenomes and scaffolding with long nanopore reads. Genome annotation and metabolic reconstruction suggested an anaerobic chemoheterotrophic lifestyle in which the bacterium obtains energy and carbon via fermentation of peptides, amino acids, and simple sugars to acetate, formate, and hydrogen. The morphology was unusual and composed of a central rod-shaped cell with bipolar prosthecae as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. We hypothesize that these prosthecae allow for increased nutrient uptake by greatly expanding the cell surface area, providing a competitive advantage under nutrient-limited conditions.
Microbial island biogeography: isolation shapes the life history characteristics but not diversity of root-symbiotic fungal communities
Authors: Davison John , Moora Mari , Öpik Maarja , Ainsaar Leho , Ducousso Marc , Hiiesalu Inga , Jairus Teele , Johnson Nancy , Jourand Philippe , Kalamees Rein , Koorem Kadri , Meyer Jean-Yves , Püssa Kersti , Reier Ülle , Pärtel Meelis , Semchenko Marina , Traveset Anna , Vasar Martti , Zobel Martin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Island biogeography theory is one of the most influential paradigms in ecology. That island characteristics, including remoteness, can profoundly modulate biological diversity has been borne out by studies of animals and plants. By contrast, the processes influencing microbial diversity in island systems remain largely undetermined. We sequenced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal DNA from plant roots collected on 13 islands worldwide and compared AM fungal diversity on islands with existing data from mainland sites. AM fungal communities on islands (even those &gt;6000 km from the closest mainland) comprised few endemic taxa and were as diverse as mainland communities. Thus, in contrast to patterns recorded among macro-organisms, efficient dispersal appears to outweigh the effects of taxogenesis and extinction in regulating AM fungal diversity on islands. Nonetheless, AM fungal communities on more distant islands comprised a higher proportion of previously cultured and large-spored taxa, indicating that dispersal may be human-mediated or require tolerance of significant environmental stress, such as exposure to sunlight or high salinity. The processes driving large-scale patterns of microbial diversity are a key consideration for attempts to conserve and restore functioning ecosystems in this era of rapid global change.
Blood–brain barrier opening in Alzheimer’s disease using MR-guided focused ultrasound
Authors: Lipsman Nir , Meng Ying , Bethune Allison J. , Huang Yuexi , Lam Benjamin , Masellis Mario , Herrmann Nathan , Heyn Chinthaka , Aubert Isabelle , Boutet Alexandre , Smith Gwenn S. , Hynynen Kullervo , Black Sandra E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMagnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in combination with intravenously injected microbubbles has been shown to transiently open the blood–brain barrier, and reduce beta-amyloid and tau pathology in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we used focused ultrasound to open the blood–brain barrier in five patients with early to moderate Alzheimer’s disease in a phase I safety trial. In all patients, the blood–brain barrier within the target volume was safely, reversibly, and repeatedly opened. Opening the blood–brain barrier did not result in serious clinical or radiographic adverse events, as well as no clinically significant worsening on cognitive scores at three months compared to baseline. Beta-amyloid levels were measured before treatment using [18F]-florbetaben PET to confirm amyloid deposition at the target site. Exploratory analysis suggested no group-wise changes in amyloid post-sonication. The results of this safety and feasibility study support the continued investigation of focused ultrasound as a potential novel treatment and delivery strategy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Rice actin binding protein RMD controls crown root angle in response to external phosphate
Authors: Huang Guoqiang , Liang Wanqi , Sturrock Craig J. , Pandey Bipin K. , Giri Jitender , Mairhofer Stefan , Wang Daoyang , Muller Lukas , Tan Hexin , York Larry M. , Yang Jing , Song Yu , Kim Yu-Jin , Qiao Yang , Xu Jian , Kepinski Stefan , Bennett Malcolm J. , Zhang Dabing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRoot angle has a major impact on acquisition of nutrients like phosphate that accumulate in topsoil and in many species; low phosphate induces shallower root growth as an adaptive response. Identifying genes and mechanisms controlling root angle is therefore of paramount importance to plant breeding. Here we show that the actin-binding protein Rice Morphology Determinant (RMD) controls root growth angle by linking actin filaments and gravity-sensing organelles termed statoliths. RMD is upregulated in response to low external phosphate and mutants lacking of RMD have steeper crown root growth angles that are unresponsive to phosphate levels. RMD protein localizes to the surface of statoliths, and rmd mutants exhibit faster gravitropic response owing to more rapid statoliths movement. We conclude that adaptive changes to root angle in response to external phosphate availability are RMD dependent, providing a potential target for breeders.