bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking Back to the Potlatch as a Guide to Truth, Reconciliation, and Transformative Learning
Authors: Wilson Justin , Nelson‐Moody Aaron 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes the potlatch as a methodology to engage culturally diverse classrooms in liberation curriculum. The Potlach is a high‐context, community‐based, participatory method offering three intra/interpersonal reflexive waypoints teachers can use when designing and delivering transformative learning.
Toward Being Inclusive: Intentionally Weaving Online Learning, Reconciliation, and Intercultural Development
Authors: Williams Heather 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes the development and impact assessments of an online, co‐curricular intercultural communication course that weaves together material addressing reconciliation with Indigenous communities in Canada with material about cultural difference and communication across cultures. Considerations for inclusive online course design and for the sequencing of core intercultural communication concepts are described.
Management of prenatally diagnosed spina bifida: how do we move ahead?
Authors: Bebbington M. 
Published: March 2019

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 53: 293–301Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 53: 302–308Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 53: 309–313
Kinematics and wake of freely falling cylinders at moderate Reynolds numbers
Authors: Toupoint Clément , Ern Patricia , Roig Véronique 
Published: March 2019

We investigated experimentally the motion of elongated finite-length cylinders (length $L$, diameter $d$) freely falling under the effect of buoyancy in a low-viscosity fluid otherwise at rest. For cylinders with densities $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{c}$ close to the density $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{f}$ of the fluid ($\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{c}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{f}\simeq 1.16$), we explored the effect of the body volume by varying the Archimedes number $Ar$ (based on the body equivalent diameter) between 200 and 1100, as well as the effect of their length-to-diameter ratios $L/d$ ranging from 2 to 20. A shadowgraphy technique involving two cameras mounted on a travelling cart was used to track the cylinders along their fall over a distance longer than $30L$. A dedicated image processing algorithm was further implemented to properly reconstruct the position and orientation of the cylinders in the three-dimensional space. In the range of parameters explored, we identified three main types of paths, matching regimes known to exist for three-dimensional bodies (short-length cylinders, disks and spheres). Two of these are stationary, namely, the rectilinear motion and the large-amplitude oscillatory motion (also referred to as fluttering or zigzag motion), and their characterization is the focus of the present paper. Furthermore, in the transitional region between these two regimes, we observed irregular low-amplitude oscillatory motions, that may be assimilated to the A-regimes or quasi-vertical regimes of the literature. Flow visualization using dye released from the bodies uncovered the existence of different types of vortex shedding in the wake of the cylinders, according to the style of path. The detailed analysis of the body kinematics in the fluttering regime brought to light a series of remarkable properties. In particular, when normalized with the characteristic velocity scale $u_{0}=\sqrt{(\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}-1)gd}$ and the characteristic length scale $l_{0}=\sqrt{dL}$, the mean vertical velocity $\overline{u_{Z}}$ and the frequency $f$ of the oscillations become almost independent of $L/d$ and $Ar$. The use of the length scale $l_{0}$ and of the gravitational velocity scale to build the Strouhal number $St^{\ast }=fl_{0}/u_{0}$ allowed us to generalize to short ($0.1\leqslant L/d\leqslant 0.5$) and elongated cylinders ($2\leqslant L/d\leqslant 12$), the result $St^{\ast }\simeq 0.1$. An interpretation of $l_{0}$ as a characteristic length scale associated with the oscillatory recirculation thickness generated near the body ends is proposed. In addition, the rotation rate of the cylinders scales with $u_{0}/L$, for all $L/d$ and $Ar$ investigated. Furthermore, the phase difference between the oscillations of the velocity component $u$ along the cylinder axis and of the inclination angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ of the cylinder is approximately constant, whatever the elongation ratio $L/d$ and the Archimedes number $Ar$.
A Delicate Balance for Innovation: Competition and Collaboration in R&D Consortia
Authors: Chen Dong , Dai Li , Li Donghong 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis study examines how competitive and cooperative relationships within R&D consortia influence member firms’ innovation output. We propose a U-shaped relationship between the presence of market competitors for a member firm and the firm's joint R&D output with other consortium members, and examine how the relationship is mediated by interactions with other members at the firm level and moderated by collaborative efforts at the consortium level. Using a unique sample of 320 firms from 52 R&D consortia in China, we find support for our predictions. This multi-level study extends our understanding of competition and cooperation in multi-party networks and provides insights for creating a balance between the two forces that is conducive to innovation.
China and the Reshaping of the Auto Industry: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective
Authors: Teece David J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTChinese firms are grappling with the four paradigm shifts around electric, connected, shared, and autonomous vehicles that are roiling the rest of the global auto industry. This article, which follows my earlier MOR article about the auto industry (Teece, 2018a), looks briefly at the development of capabilities in these fields by Chinese firms. It then analyzes the prospects for Chinese firms to use them to gain a stronger foothold in the global market, and for multinationals to continue to prosper in China. The paradigm shifts are creating new entry points for Chinese firms to capture value in the industry, and some potential global contenders have demonstrated solid dynamic capabilities in electric vehicles (Geely), shared vehicles (Didi Chuxing), and autonomous vehicles (Baidu). However, multinationals are also moving forward in the same fields and have strong complementary assets such as respected brands and well-honed dynamic capabilities.
A perched, high-elevation wetland complex in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile) and its implications for past human settlement
Authors: Sitzia Luca , Gayo Eugenia M. , Sepulveda Marcela , González Juan S. , Ibañez Lucia , Queffelec Alain , De Pol-Holz Ricardo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA previously undocumented type of wetland is described from the Atacama Desert in northern Chile (3000 m above sea level), sustained exclusively by direct precipitation and perched above the regional water table. Geomorphological mapping, pedostratigraphy, geochemistry, and analysis of contemporary vegetation is used to understand wetland formation and dynamics during historical and present time periods. The paleowetland deposits overlie a Miocene tuff that acts as an impermeable barrier to water transfer and creates conditions for local shallow ground water. These deposits include several paleosols that were formed during periods when precipitation increased regionally at 7755–7300, 1270, 545, and 400–300 cal yr BP. The similarity in timing with other palaeohydrological records for the Atacama implies that paleosols from this wetland are proxies for reconstructing past changes in local and regional hydrological cycle. Archaeological investigations have revealed the presence of two small farms from the Late Intermediate period, i.e., during the earliest wetter phase represented by the paleosols. Both farms are located near the paleowetland deposits, which suggests that local inhabitants exploited these water sources during late pre-Hispanic times. Results of this study improve knowledge of settlement patterns during this and earlier cultural periods.
Healthy choice label does not substantially improve consumers’ ability to select healthier cereals: results of an online experiment
Authors: Siegrist Michael , Hartmann Christina , Lazzarini Gianna A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe results of numerous studies suggest that front-of-package (FOP) labels enhance consumers’ ability to assess the healthiness of food products. However, most of the studies lack ecological validity. We selected fourteen breakfast cereals stocked by a major Swiss retailer. The participants from an Internet panel (n 780), with a somewhat higher educational level than that of the Swiss population, were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control (picture of the FOP presented), table (plus the nutrition table with information on the energy and the main nutrients per 100 g), label (plus the healthy choice label for the healthier product) and combined (plus both the nutrition table and the healthy choice label). The participants were asked to select the healthier cereals from all possible ninety-one pair comparisons. The nutrient profile score was used as a ‘gold standard’. For the thirty-three cereal pairs, one of the cereals had a label and the other had none, the median accuracy was only marginally lower in the control condition (91 %) compared with the table (94 %), the label (94 %) and the combined conditions (97 %). Similar results were observed when the incorrect decisions were weighted by the difference in the nutrient profile scores of the two cereals (for all ninety-one product pairs). These findings suggest that a healthy choice label has a limited effect on helping consumers select healthier cereals. In the control condition, the median of the correct choices was about 78 %. Consumers’ perception of the healthiness of foods could be improved.
Rule of whose law? The geography of authority in Juba, South Sudan
Authors: Kindersley Nicki 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis study asks: in the general absence of a functioning and effective civil administration in Juba's huge suburbs, how have people negotiated personal disputes and neighbourhood management since conflict began in 2013? Who arbitrates in Juba, and on what terms? This study challenges top-down analyses that see political-military elites managing their ethnic enclaves of followers and fighters through nepotism and gifts. Such patronage requires the complex negotiation of responsibilities and rights, including over community safety and order. In Juba, the local authorities who mediate this have been built by men and women with extensive expertise and connections in South Sudan's long history of ‘civil-military’ governance systems. These local authorities have established lasting institutions by negotiating rights to residence in, arbitrating over, and knowing the human geography of their neighbourhoods. Their authority is rooted in this deep politics, drawing on their detailed knowledge of topographies of power in these multi-ethnic, highly military neighbourhood spaces.
Backway or bust: causes and consequences of Gambian irregular migration
Authors: Conrad Suso Catherine T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGambian irregular migration is a phenomenon that is well known and discussed within this small African nation, yet little is understood of the deep personal and socio-cultural motives to embark on the perilous journey across the Sahara towards Europe. This paper explores the ambitions and capabilities of Gambians who embark on irregular migration, or the so-called ‘backway’.
Spatiotemporal patterns and risk factors concerning hepatitis B virus infections in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area of China
Authors: Xu C. D. , Xiao G. X. , Li J. M. , Cao H. X. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBeijing–Tianjin–Hebei is the largest urban agglomeration in northern China, but the spatiotemporal patterns and risk factors concerning hepatitis B virus (HBV) incidence in this area have been unclear. The present study aimed to reveal the spatiotemporal epidemiological features of HBV infection and quantify the association between HBV infection and socio-economic risk factors. The data on HBV cases in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei from 2007 to 2012 was collected for each county. The Bayesian space–time hierarchy model and the GeoDetector method were used to reveal spatiotemporal patterns and detect risk factors. High-risk regions were mainly distributed in the underdeveloped rural areas in the north and mid-south of the study region, while low-risk regions were mainly distributed in the urban and western areas. The HBV annual incidence rate decreased substantially over the 6-year period, dropping from 7.34/105 to 5.51/105. Compared with this overall trend, 38.5% of high-risk counties showed a faster decrease, and 35.9% of high-risk counties exhibited a slower decrease. Meanwhile, 29.7% of low-risk counties had a faster decrease, and 44.6% of low-risk counties exhibited a slower decrease. Socio-economic factors were strongly associated with the spatiotemporal patterns and variation. The population density and gross domestic product per capita were negatively associated with HBV transmission, with determinant powers of 0.17 and 0.12, respectively. The proportion of primary industry and the number of healthcare workers were positively associated with the disease incidence, with determinant powers of 0.11 and 0.8, respectively. The interactive effect between population density and the other factors exerted a greater influence on HBV transmission than that of these factors measured independently.
Diet specialisation reduces the occupancy of cocoa agroforests by diurnal raptors
Authors: ALMEIDA-ROCHA JULIANA MONTEIRO DE , MONSALVO JULIO AMARO BETTO , OLIVEIRA LEONARDO DE CARVALHO 
Published: March 2019

SummaryHabitat loss and fragmentation, especially due to agriculture expansion, pose the main threats to biodiversity conservation. While some species are able to survive and proliferate in human-modified habitats (winner species), others are highly dependent on well-preserved habitats, being more vulnerable to extinction (losers). Many raptors can be considered loser species due to their high trophic position, large home ranges, and low reproductive rates. Consequently, this group is frequently used to reflect the environmental quality of habitats and the biodiversity status of communities. Here we describe the diurnal raptor assemblages found in shaded-cocoa agroforests (cabrucas) of Southern Bahia, Brazil, and the determinants of raptor occupancy in this system. We systematically surveyed diurnal raptors in 16cabrucasites using complementary sampling methods – active search, playback, and point-count – and modeled species occupancy using covariates related to vegetation structure, landscape, management intensity, and biological traits (body mass, trophic level, and diet specialisation). We found a high number of species (at least 18) as able to usecabrucasand a negative relationship between species occupancy and the degree of diet specialisation. Thus, our results suggest thatcabrucashave a high potential to mitigate the effects of forest loss and fragmentation on diurnal raptors, but this system alone may not support complete assemblages of this group. It highlights the need for the maintenance of forest remnants in the landscapes to increase species diversity at a regional scale and to assure the conservation of this group in Southern Bahian Atlantic Forest.
Notes on the biology of the threatened Island ThrushTurdus poliocephalus xanthopusin New Caledonia
Authors: VILLARD PASCAL , DUVAL THOMAS , PAPINEAU CHRISTIAN , CASSAN JEAN-JÉRÔME , FUCHS JÉRÔME 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThree subspecies of Island ThrushTurdus poliocephaluswere historically found in New Caledonia. All these subspecies were considered extinct until 1978, whenT. p. xanthopuswas rediscovered on two small islands, Néba (∼ 3.5 km2) and Yandé (∼ 13 km2). On Néba, we estimated the population at 44–58 individuals. This Island Thrush population is dependent on the coastal forest, the richest habitat for invertebrates. However, the coastal forest habitat has been degraded in quality and extent. The Island Thrush forages in the litter by removing leaves with its bill. Fruits (diameter < 10 mm), picked from trees and swallowed whole, are also a significant component of its diet. Néba and Yandé are currently free of two nest predator species, the black ratRattus rattusand the New Caledonian CrowCorvus moneduloides. On Néba, a low breeding success rate of 15.4% was found. To ensure conservation of these relict thrush populations, two actions at least should be implemented: setting up a biosecurity programme to keep islands free of black rats and increasing the area of coastal forest. The latter could be done by cutting down coconut trees in abandoned groves and planting tree species used by the Island Thrush to provide shade, fruits, good leaf litter, and nest support.
A learning to rank approach for cross-language information retrieval exploiting multiple translation resources
Authors: Azarbonyad Hosein , Shakery Azadeh , Faili Heshaam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCross-language information retrieval (CLIR), finding information in one language in response to queries expressed in another language, has attracted much attention due to the explosive growth of multilingual information in the World Wide Web. One important issue in CLIR is how to apply monolingual information retrieval (IR) methods in cross-lingual environments. Recently, learning to rank (LTR) approach has been successfully employed in different IR tasks. In this paper, we use LTR for CLIR. In order to adapt monolingual LTR techniques in CLIR and pass the barrier of language difference, we map monolingual IR features to CLIR ones using translation information extracted from different translation resources. The performance of CLIR is highly dependent on the size and quality of available bilingual resources. Effective use of available resources is especially important in low-resource language pairs. In this paper, we further propose an LTR-based method for combining translation resources in CLIR. We have studied the effectiveness of the proposed approach using different translation resources. Our results also show that LTR can be used to successfully combine different translation resources to improve the CLIR performance. In the best scenario, the LTR-based combination method improves the performance of single-resource-based CLIR method by 6% in terms of Mean Average Precision.
Financing environmentally-sustainable projects with green bonds
Authors: Agliardi Elettra , Agliardi Rossella 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA structural model for green bonds is developed to explain the formation and dynamics of green bond prices and to address the issue of the so-called ‘greenium’, that is, the difference between the yields on a conventional bond and a green bond with the same characteristics. We provide answers to the following questions: What are the determinants of the green bond value? Do green bonds enhance the credit quality of the issuer? Are green bonds a relatively cheap tool to fund sustainable investments? We also study the effect of investors' environmental concern on portfolio allocation. Our results have direct policy implications and suggest that an improvement in credit quality could ultimately lead to a lower cost of capital for green bond issuers and that governmental tax-based incentives and an increase in investors' green awareness play a significant role in scaling up the green bonds market.
How medical advances and health interventions will shape future longevity
Authors: Gitsels L. A. , Kulinskaya E. , Wright N. R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Medicine-related research includes numerous studies on the hazards of mortality and what risk factors are associated with these hazards, such as diseases and treatments. These hazards are estimated in a sample of people and summarised over the observed period. From these observations, inferences can be made about the underlying population and consequently inform medical guidelines for intervention. New health interventions are usually based on these estimated hazards obtained from clinical trials. A lengthy lead time would be needed to observe their effect on population longevity. This paper shows how estimated mortality hazards can be translated to hypothetical changes in life expectancies at the individual and population levels. For an individual, the relative hazards are translated into the number of years gained or lost in “effective age”, which is the average chronological age with the same risk profile. This translation from hazard ratio to effective age could be used to explain to individuals the consequences of various diseases and lifestyle choices and as a result persuade clients in life and health insurance to pursue a healthier lifestyle. At the population level, a period life expectancy is a weighted average of component life expectancies associated with the particular risk profiles, with the weights defined by the prevalences of the risk factor of interest and the uptake of the relevant intervention. Splitting the overall life expectancy into these components allows us to estimate hypothetical changes in life expectancy at the population level at different morbidity and uptake scenarios. These calculations are illustrated by two examples of medical interventions and their impact on life expectancy, which are beta blockers in heart attack survivors and blood pressure treatment in hypertensive patients. The second example also illustrates the dangers of applying the results from clinical trials to much wider populations.
Association of eggs with dietary nutrient adequacy and cardiovascular risk factors in US adults
Authors: Melough Melissa M , Chung Sang-Jin , Fernandez Maria Luz , Chun Ock K 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveWhole eggs are rich sources of several micronutrients. However, it is not well known how egg consumption contributes to overall nutrient adequacy and how it may relate to CVD risk factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine how whole egg consumption contributes to nutrient intakes and to assess its association with CVD risk factors in US adults.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012, a nationally representative survey of the US civilian population.ParticipantsAdults who completed two dietary recalls and provided information on relevant sociodemographic factors were included in the study (n21 845).ResultsApproximately 73 % of adults were classified as whole egg consumers. Egg consumption was associated with greater intakes of protein, saturated fat, mono- and polyunsaturated fats, Fe, Zn, Ca, Se, choline, and several other vitamins and minerals. Egg consumption was associated with a higher likelihood of meeting or exceeding recommendations for several micronutrients. Egg intake was positively associated with dietary cholesterol consumption, but not with serum total cholesterol (TC) when adjusted for multiple potential confounders. In multiple linear regression analyses, TAG, TAG:HDL-cholesterol and TC:HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower with greater egg consumption. Egg consumption had no significant relationship with LDL-cholesterol or C-reactive protein, but was associated with higher BMI and waist circumference.ConclusionsWhole eggs are important dietary contributors of many nutrients and had either beneficial or non-significant associations with most CVD risk biomarkers examined.