bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of suicidal behaviour among nursing and midwifery college students in Ghana
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii‐Boye , Cheataa‐Plange Haziel Vera , Annor Francis , Asare‐Doku Winifred , Lartey Joshua King Safo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo provide exploratory and descriptive evidence on the prevalence estimate and some demographic correlates of suicidal behaviour among nursing and midwifery college students in Ghana.DesignWe used a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodAn anonymous survey involving a randomly selected sample of 305 nursing and midwifery college students was conducted in March–May 2017. The Suicide Behavior Questionnaire‐Revised was used to assess suicidal behaviour (i.e., ideation, planning, threat and attempt) and suicidal behaviour risk.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of suicide ideations (15.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11–0.20), plans (6.6%; 95% CI = 0.04–0.10), attempts (2.3%; 95% CI = 0.01–0.05), threats (13.4%; 95% CI = 0.10–0.18) and 12‐month prevalence of ideations (21.3%; 95% CI = 0.17–0.26) are comparable to estimates found in both high‐income and low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, associations between the demographic variables studied and suicidal behaviour risk were not statistically significant.
Failing to Fail nursing students among mentors: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Failing to Fail scale
Authors: Bachmann Liv , Groenvik Cecilie Katrine Utheim , Hauge Kari Westad , Julnes Signe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to explore the psychometric properties with respect to the internal consistency reliability of the subject‐specific questionnaire “Failing to Fail.”DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsExploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the “Failing to Fail” scale. The sample included 336 Norwegian nurse mentors.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a five‐factor structure of the “Failing to Fail” scale with adequate model fit. The factors were named as: (a) Insufficient mentoring competence; (b) Insufficient support in the working environment; (c) Emotional process dominates the assessment; (d) Insufficient support from the university; and (e) Decision‐making detached from learning outcomes. The scale proved to be feasible to test whether mentors are Failing to Fail nursing students. The confirmatory factor analysis model supported the predictive validity of the “Failing to Fail” scale.
Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy with Immune‐Adjuvant Liposomal Complexes for Effective Gastric Cancer Therapy
Authors: Meng Xiangbo , Wang Ke , Lv Lin , Zhao Ye , Sun Chen , Ma Lianjun , Zhang Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA diagnosis and therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer is developed herein by combining thermosensitive liposomal (TSL)‐based photothermal/photodynamics therapy (PTT/PDT) with chemotherapy and adjuvant immunotherapy. IR820, a photothermal agent, paclitaxel (PTX), an antitumor drug, and imiquimod (R837), a Toll‐like‐receptor‐7 agonist, are coencapsulated into a TSL drug delivery system. These formed PTX‐R837‐IR820@TSL complexes exhibit excellent optical properties, good dispersibility, and stability. Under NIR light irradiation, the measurement of singlet oxygen production and thermal efficiency indicate promising potential of PTX‐R837‐IR820@TSL complexes for PTT and PDT. Confocal microscopy and small animal NIR imaging demonstrate tumor targeting ability of the liposomal complexes to gastric cancer cells. In vitro cell viability assays and in vivo animal experiments show prominent antitumor efficiency of PTX‐R837‐IR820@TSL complexes upon NIR light irradiation. This excellent therapeutic efficacy is attributed to the simultaneous chemotherapy and PTT/PDT. Furthermore, the liposomal complexes under NIR irradiation would ablate tumors to generate a pool of tumor‐associated antigens, which is able to promote strong antitumor immune responses in the presence of those R837‐containing liposomal complexes acted as adjuvant. These results indicate that the multifunctional liposomal complexes could realize a remarkable synergistic therapeutic outcome in gastric carcinoma.
Quantum Networks with Deterministic Spin–Photon Interfaces
Authors: Borregaard Johannes , Sørensen Anders Søndberg , Lodahl Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis report considers how recent experimental progress on deterministic solid‐state spin–photon interfaces enables the construction of a number of key elements of quantum networks. After reviewing some of the recent experimental achievements, a discussion of their integration into Bell state analyzers, quantum non‐demolition detection, and photonic cluster state generation is presented. Finally, it is outlined how these elements can be used for long‐distance entanglement generation and quantum key distribution in a quantum network.
Practical and theoretical considerations for the determination of δ13CVPDB values of methylmercury in the environment
Authors: Dunn Philip J.H. , Bilsel Mine , Şimşek Adnan , Gören Ahmet Ceyhan , Tunç Murat , Ogrinc Nives , Horvat Milena , Goenaga‐Infante Heidi 
Published: April 2019

RationaleAnalytical methods that can identify the source and fate of mercury and organomercury compounds are likely to be useful tools to investigate mercury in the environment. Carbon isotope ratio analysis of methylmercury (MeHg) together with mercury isotope ratios may offer a robust tool to study environmental cycling of organomercury compounds within fish tissues and other matrices.MethodsMeHg carbon isotope ratios were determined by gas chromatography/combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C‐IRMS) either directly or following derivatization using sodium tetraethylborate. The effects of a normalization protocol and of derivatization on the measurement uncertainty of the methylmercury δ13CVPDB values were investigated.ResultsGC/C‐IRMS analysis resulted in a δ13CVPDB value for an in‐house MeHg reference material of δ13CVPDB = −68.3 ± 7.7‰ (combined standard uncertainty, k = 1). This agreed very well with the value obtained by offline flow‐injection analysis/chemical oxidation/isotope ratio mass spectrometry of δ13CVPDB = −68.85 ± 0.17‰ (combined standard uncertainty, k = 1) although the uncertainty was substantially larger. The minimum amount of MeHg required for analysis was determined to be 20 μg.ConclusionsWhile the δ13CVPDB values of MeHg can be obtained by GC/C‐IRMS methods with or without derivatization, the low abundance of MeHg precludes such analyses in fish tissues unless there is substantial MeHg contamination. Environmental samples with sufficient MeHg pollution can be studied using these methods provided that the MeHg can be quantitatively extracted. The more general findings from this study regarding derivatization protocol implementation within an autosampler vial as well as measurement uncertainty associated with derivatization, normalization to reporting scales and integration are applicable to other GC/C‐IRMS‐based measurements.
Multidimensional environmental social governance sustainability framework: Integration, using a purchasing, operations, and supply chain management context
Authors: Whitelock Vincent G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAcademics and practitioners promote integration as the thread that holds processes together and is pursued by those who seek efficiency and effectiveness. Integration may be described as any activity, or group of activities, concerning interaction and collaboration, in which individuals, and or organizations, work together in cooperative ways, to achieve mutually acceptable outcomes. Consistent with this notion, this paper proposes a unique, innovative, comprehensive, multidimensional environmental social governance (ESG) sustainability framework to inform on the relationships among integration concepts, ESG sustainability initiatives, distinct management processes, and key supply chain members. Using stakeholder theory as the underlying referent theoretical base, this manuscript informs on the alignment and integration of sustainability reporting and financial reporting to help researchers and practitioners overcome many of the shortcomings of current sustainability frameworks, as well as enable companies, which do not yet have an established sustainability strategy, to define potential initiatives and interventions towards sustainability.
Biocompatible Tin Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Antibacterial, Anticandidal and Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Rehman Suriya , Asiri Sarah Mousa , Khan Firdos Alam , Jermy B Rabindran , Khan Hafeezullah , Akhtar Sultan , Jindan Reem Al , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Qurashi Ahsanulhaq 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiocompatible SnO2 NPs, were synthesized by simple and facile ultrasonic technique, and further studied for antibacterial, anticandidal and invitro cytotoxic activity. The obtained size of synthesized SnO2 NPs, was 5–30 nm and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The evaluation of antibacterial and anticandidal activity of the SnO2 NPs, was done by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC), against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, respectively. The MIC of 0.5 mg/ml and MBC of >1 mg/ml for E. coli, while as the MIC of 8 mg/ml and MFC >16 mg/ml for C. albicans, was obtained. Maximum activity for both, bacteria and Candida was achieved, however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of anticandidal activity exhibited by SnO2 NPs. Treatment of synthesized SnO2 NPs against the colorectal (HCT‐116) cancer cell line, decreased the cell survivability in a dose‐dependent manner, as lower dose showed decrease of 73.00%, whereas, higher dosage caused a significant 31.34% decrease in the cell viability. The obtained results confirmed, that the prepared SnO2 NPs can be the future broad‐spectrum antibacterial, anticandidal and anticancer agent, and can be further explored for application in the biomedical field.
Computational Investigation on Series of Metal‐Free Sensitizers in Tetrahydroquinoline with Different π‐spacer Groups for DSSCs
Authors: Arunkumar A. , Deepana M. , Shanavas S. , Acevedo R. , Anbarasan P. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have considerable attention to the academic and industrial community. Because, it makes solar energy efficient and cost effective to harness. DSSCs is one of the important roles in the design of sensitizers with sustainable and environmentally‐friendly materials. In the present work, a series of D‐π‐A architecture with tetrahydroquinoline based organic dye sensitizer were designed and modifying π‐linker (SP1‐SP9) for the potential use in DSSCs application by DFT and TD‐DFT calculations. There are different functional groups were analyzed through a proper methodology for calculations and comparison with C1‐1 dye. From these functionals, the TD‐ωB97XD method was reasonably capable of predicting the absorption spectra of the molecules. Moreover, SP1‐SP9 dye molecules were systematically analyzed by using various parameters such as the energy gap (
), absorption spectra, light harvesting efficiency (LHE), open circuit photovoltage (
), dipole moment (
), free energy change for electron injection (
), regeneration (
) and chemical hardness (η). As a whole, all the designed dyes, especially SP6, SP7, SP8 dyes are showed smaller
, red‐shift absorption spectra, largest
, negative
and fastest
values, compared to C1‐1. Based on our result shows that SP6, SP7 and SP8 dye molecules are the best candidates to provide superior performances in the DSSCs application.
Threat of platform‐owner entry and complementor responses: Evidence from the mobile app market
Authors: Wen Wen , Zhu Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryThis paper studies the impact of platform‐owner entry threat on complementors in platform‐based markets. We examine how app developers on the Android mobile platform adjust innovation efforts (rate and direction) and value‐capture strategies in response to the threat of Google's entry into their markets. We find that after Google's entry threat increases, affected developers reduce innovation and raise the prices for the affected apps. However, their incentives to innovate are not completely suppressed; rather, they shift innovation to unaffected and new apps. Given that many apps already offer similar features, Google's entry threat may thus reduce wasteful development efforts. We discuss the implications of these results for platform owners, complementors, and policy makers.Managerial SummaryWe examine one prevalent source of conflict: platform owners' entry into complementary product spaces. We show that app developers on Google's Android system are strategic and nimble actors. They respond to the threat of Google's entry by adjusting both value‐creation and value‐capture strategies. We also show that platform owners could use direct entry to shape innovation directions and encourage variety of complements. Overall, on the one hand, Google's entry may have pushed complementors into other areas (which might be less lucrative) and strengthened its position in the mobile market. On the other hand, the entry may have reduced wasteful production efforts in the development of redundant applications. The overall welfare implication is thus ambiguous.
Nanowire‐Seeded Growth of Single‐Crystalline (010) β‐Ga2O3 Nanosheets with High Field‐Effect Electron Mobility and On/Off Current Ratio
Authors: Wu Zhengyuan , Jiang Zhuoxun , Song Pengyu , Tian Pengfei , Hu Laigui , Liu Ran , Fang Zhilai , Kang Junyong , Zhang Tong‐Yi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract2D β‐Ga2O3 nanosheets, as fundamental materials, have great potential in next generations of ultraviolet transparent electrodes, high‐temperature gas sensors, solar‐blind photodetectors, and power devices, while their synthesis and growth with high crystalline quality and well‐controlled orientation have not been reported yet. The present study demonstrates how to grow single‐crystalline ultrathin quasi‐hexagonal β‐Ga2O3 nanosheets with nanowire seeds and proposes a hierarchy‐oriented growth mechanism. The hierarchy‐oriented growth is initiated by epitaxial growth of a single‐crystalline β‐Ga2O3 nanowire on a GaN nanocrystal and followed by homoepitaxial growth of quasi‐hexagonal (010) β‐Ga2O3 nanosheets. The undoped 2D (010) β‐Ga2O3 nanosheet field effect transistor has a field‐effect electron mobility of 38 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off current ratio of 107 with an average subthreshold swing of 150 mV dec−1. The from‐nanowires‐to‐nanosheets technique paves a novel way to fabricate nanosheets, which has great impact on the field of nanomaterial synthesis and growth and the area of nanoelectronics as well.
Covalently Linked Perylene Diimide–Polydiacetylene Nanofibers Display Enhanced Stability and Photocurrent with Reversible FRET Phenomenon
Authors: Seo Joonsik , Kantha Chandra , Joung Joonyoung F. , Park Sungnam , Jelinek Raz , Kim Jong‐Man 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBecause of their unique structural and optical properties, 1D perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives have gained attention for use in optoelectronic devices. However, PDI‐containing self‐assembled supramolecular systems often are of limited use because they have supramolecular architectures that are held together by weak noncovalent π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. As a result, they are intrinsically unstable under solution‐processing conditions. To overcome this limitation, a polydiacetylene (PDA)‐based strategy is developed to construct a solvent‐resistant and stable PDI assembly. For this purpose, first the monomer PDI–BisDA is generated, in which two polymerizable diacetylene (DA) units are covalently linked to a PDI core. Importantly, 254 nm UV irradiation of self‐assembled PDI–BisDA nanofibers forms solvent‐resistant and stable PDI–PDA fibers. Owing to the presence of PDA, the generated polymer fibers display an increased photocurrent. In addition, the existence of PDA and PDI moieties in the fiber leads to the occurrence of switchable on–off fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the PDI and reversibly thermochromic PDA chromophores.
Direct Synthesis of Metal‐Doped Phosphorene with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Danni , Wang Jiahong , Lu Jiang , Ma Chao , Huang Hao , Wang Zhongzheng , Wu Lie , Liu Qian , Jin Shaowei , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract2D materials with large specific surface area and robust mechanical properties are appropriate for electrocatalysis. However, the unsatisfactory adsorption energy and limited active sites restrict their commercial application. Herein, a facile and rapid electrochemical strategy enabling synchronous exfoliation and doping is designed to directly synthesize metal‐doped 2D materials from the bulk crystals. By using black phosphorus as a model, various metal doped phosphorene such as BP(Co), BP(Mo), and BP(Ni) is obtained, and a synergistic synthesis mechanism is proposed. Notably, the dopant introduces electronic band transformation, charge redistribution, and state occupation confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Owing to the enhanced electro‐conductivity, abundant metal‐P active sites, and optimized adsorption energy by doping, the BP(metal) exhibits enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction activities and stability in comparison to the bare phosphorene. Particularly, BP(Co) presents highest activity with a potential of 0.294 V at 10 mA cm−2 (the current density is normalized with electrochemical surface area by using a double‐layer capacitance method). This study provides new access to synthesize highly efficient electrocatalysts, and also enriches the structure modulation means for layered 2D materials.
Reusability of components from single‐storey steel‐framed buildings
Authors: Hradil Petr , Fülöp Ludovic , Ungureanu Viorel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the development of the method for predicting the reusability of building components and whole structures and a pilot study of three different single‐storey steel buildings in Finland. The method enables various building parts and products to be classified through a procedure to calculate their reusability index. These values can be further used to produce a single reusability indicator for the whole end‐of‐life scenario (e.g. complete or partial building reuse). The aggregated result of the whole building may be very useful when planning demolition or reconstruction works as well as when assessing the environmental impact of the new buildings. The main new thing explored in this paper is the possibility of integrating the economyaspect of the recovered components in the reusability assessment. Indeed, the reusability index developed earlier was purely based on the technical requirements of recovering, remanufacturing and reusing components. Hence, it was a technical reusability indicator. The possibility ofincluding information on the prospective marketability of the recovered component is a valuable extension to this method.
Hierarchical third‐order tensor decomposition through inverse difference pyramid based on the three‐dimensional Walsh–Hadamard transform with applications in data mining
Authors: Kountchev Roumen K. , Iantovics Barna L. , Kountcheva Roumiana A. 
Published: April 2019

A new approach is presented for hierarchical decomposition of third‐order tensors through their transformation into the generalized three‐dimensional (3D) spectrum space based on the inverse difference pyramid (IDP). For this, we choose the 3D Walsh–Hadamard transform (3D‐WHT). As result, each tensor is represented as a spectral tensor of m hierarchical levels which contains selected low‐frequency 3D‐WHT coefficients. Calculating sequentially the inverse 3D‐WHT for the coefficients from each pyramid level starting from its top, the tensor is approximated with increasing accuracy until its full restoration is achieved. To illustrate the new approach, given is the algorithm for hierarchical three‐level tensor decomposition based on the reduced IDP. The proposed approach permits simultaneous decorrelation of tensor elements in three mutually orthogonal directions. The energy of the tensor elements is concentrated in a small number of spectral coefficients which build the top of the inverse pyramid. The use of the 3D‐WHT permits to achieve minimum computational complexity, compared to deterministic 3D orthogonal transforms. The main applications of the new method for data mining in the contemporary intelligent systems are in the processing and analysis of large sets of different kinds of data/images/videos in the following areas: Compression of correlated image sequences, computer tomography, thermo vision, ultrasound and multichannel medical signals; search of 3D objects in image databases; extraction of features for recognition of 3D objects; multidimensional data denoising; multilayer watermarking of video sequences; and so on.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Evolution of Immigration-Control Policies in France, Italy, and Spain
Authors: Vickstrom Erik R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSenegalese migration is a useful case to study because Senegalese migrants are present in many different contexts of reception. They have long migrated to destinations within Africa, including neighboring countries such as the Gambia and Guinea and more-distant destinations such as Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Africa (Bredeloup 1993). While France was the main destination of Senegalese intercontinental emigration during most of the twentieth century, Senegalese migrants have since diversified their mobility to include many countries in Europe, North America, and Asia. Indeed, most Senegalese who travel abroad can recount stories of meeting other Senegalese in the markets of Nairobi, the cafés of Paris, the New York subway, or the streets of Bangkok.
Pathways into Irregular Legal Status of Senegalese Migrants France, Italy, and Spain
Authors: Vickstrom Erik R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract“Illegal” migration is a major concern in most immigrant-receiving countries, yet most policy and much research on the topic is hampered by a lack of data and a misunderstanding of the origins and trajectories of so-called undocumented migrants’ legal statuses. Irregular migration is difficult to measure empirically, as it, by definition, escapes the detection of most states’ immigration-control bureaucracies. In addition, many surveys have difficulty in sampling what is a mostly hidden population. This lack of data has undoubtedly contributed to an even bigger problem in the study of irregular migration: the conflation of undocumented border crossing with the broader phenomenon of irregularity of legal status. In reality, clandestine border crossing is but one pathway among many into irregular legal status and may not even be the most important one in many countries. Furthermore, immigration policies actively produce these pathways into irregularity through restrictive control mechanisms. A more thorough understanding of the implications of irregularity for both destination societies and for the migrants themselves must therefore study multiple pathways into irregular status.