bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt adaptability in a halophytic soybean (Glycine soja) involves photosystems coordination
Authors: He Wenjun , Yan Kun , Bian Lanxing , Tang Xiaoli , An Mengxin , Li Lixia , Han Guangxuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Glycine soja is a halophytic soybean native to saline soil in Yellow River Delta, China. Photosystem I (PSI) performance and the interaction between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI remain unclear in Glycine soja under salt stress. This study aimed to explore salt adaptability in Glycine soja in terms of photosystems coordination. Results: Potted Glycine soja was exposed to 300 mM NaCl for 9 days with a cultivated soybean, Glycine max, as control. Under salt stress, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (△MR/MR0) were significantly decreased with the loss of PSI and PSII reaction center proteins in Glycine max, and greater PSI vulnerability was suggested by earlier decrease in △MR/MR0 than Fv/Fm and depressed PSI oxidation in modulated 820 nm reflection transients. Inversely, PSI stability was defined in Glycine soja, as △MR/MR0 and PSI reaction center protein abundance were not affected by salt stress. Consistently, chloroplast ultrastructure and leaf lipid peroxidation were not affected in Glycine soja under salt stress. Inhibition on electron flow at PSII acceptor side helped protect PSI by restricting electron flow to PSI and seemed as a positive response in Glycine soja due to its rapid recovery. Reciprocally, PSI stability aided in preventing PSII photoinhibition, as the simulated feedback inhibition by PSI inactivation induced great decrease in Fv/Fm under salt stress. In contrast, PSI inactivation elevated PSII excitation pressure through inhibition on PSII acceptor side and accelerated PSII photoinhibition in Glycine max, according to the positive and negative correlation of △MR/MR0 with efficiency that an electron moves beyond primary quinone and PSII excitation pressure respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, photosystems coordination depending on PSI stability and rapid response of PSII acceptor side contributed to defending salt-induced oxidative stress on photosynthetic apparatus in Glycine soja. Photosystems interaction should be considered as one of the salt adaptable mechanisms in this halophytic soybean.
Stroke in Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique: a cross-sectional study 2014-18
Authors: Baduro Yanina , Ndala Omer , Vaz Deise , Buque Helena , Sebastião Frederico , Baco Jamal , Arroz Nachan , Casas Carlos , Lorenzo Elder , Arroz Jorge A. H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension (the major risk factor for stroke) in Mozambique increased from 33.1% in 2005 to 38.9% in 2014/2015, although awareness and control remained at very low levels (15% and 3%, respectively). The aim of this study is to characterize the demographic and clinical pattern of stroke in Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), Mozambique. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out in MCH, collecting secondary data from hospitalized patients with stroke. Using systematic probabilistic sampling, clinical records were used to analyze data for the period 2014-18. Results: Of the 402 clinical records, 53.5% were female. The mean age was 60.68 years (13.98 SD). Around 96% was an acute stroke event, and 91% was first-ever episode. Thirty one percent did not receive a CT scan for confirmation. Of the 247 CT scanned patients, 50.2% were ischemic. The area of middle cerebral artery was affected in 83.4% patients. The most common co-morbidity was hypertension (87.1%). Near 96% of hemorrhagic stroke were associated with hypertension (Ischemic = 78.7%, p < 0.001). The overall case-fatality was 22.9%. Confirmed hemorrhagic stroke patients were 6.47 years younger than ischemic (56.40 vs 62.87 years; p < 0.001). Younger ages and female were associated with clinical improvement (aOR = 0.964; p = 0.002 and aOR = 1.890; p = 0.044, respectively). Hemorrhagic stroke were 56.8 percent points more likely associated with death (aOR = 0.432; p = 0.010). The likelihood of clinical improvement was 20.5 percent points better over the years (aOR = 1.205; p = 0.086) Conclusions: Stroke associated with hypertension is common in MCH, mostly likely due to an increase in hypertension prevalence and extremely low awareness and control. Favorable clinical outcome improved over the years. Efforts for CT scan to all stroke episodes should be emphasized by MCH managers.
Ischemic stroke in Morocco: A systematic review
Authors: Kharbach Ahmed , Majdouline Obtel , Lahlou Laila , Aasfara Jehanne , Mekaoui Nour , Razine Rachid 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: To main objective of this systematic review is to determine; the epidemiological and the etiological profile, the influential factors of the prehospital delay, thrombolysis management, the acute and 3-month mortality rate and the genetic aspect of ischemic stroke in Morocco.Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses" (PRISMA) through the consultation of the Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Clinicalkey, and Google scholar databases for the raking of the gray literature during the period between 2009 and 2018. The protocol of the review was registered in the PROSPERO register (CRD42018115206).These studies were assessed based on: Age, sex ratio, risk factors, etiological profile according to Trial of ORG classification 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), prehospital delay average and it’s influential factors, thrombolyzed patients proportion, acute and 3-month mortality and the genetic factors of ischemic stroke in Morocco.Results: Twenty-nine (n = 29) studies were selected. And the average age ranged from 49±15.28 to 67.3 ± 9.91 years. Also, a male predominance was recorded in 13 studies of all ages. High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and heart disease are the four main risk factors identified throughout the studies. Atherosclerosis and cardioembolic origin seem to be the main etiologies of cerebral ischemia. And the average prehospital time ranged from 26 to 61.95 hours. In addition, the proportion of thrombolyzed patients ranged from 1.8% according to the Azdad et al (2012) study to 2.9% according to the Rachdi’s (2015) study. Finally, the mortality rate in the acute phase varied between 3 and 13%. And the 3-month mortality ranged from 4.30 to 32.5%. It is also important to note that most of studies have a reduced sample size, conduced in hospital environment, and with no confidence interval.Conclusions: Ischemic stroke is affecting more and more the young population with male predominance. Moreover, the long prehospital delay and the low proportion of thrombolysed patients are alarming, indicating the need to deepen investigations on the determinants that influence patient’s access to care in Morocco in order to improve the management of this pathology.
Patterns of regional lymph node failure of locally advanced hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma after first-line treatment with surgery and/or intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Yu Shui , Zhai Liming , Xu Jin , Li Baosheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Purpose : To identify the spatial patterns of regional lymph node failure of locally advanced hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after first-line treatment with surgery and/or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 123 patients of the hypopharynx SCC consecutively treated with radical surgical resection and/or IMRT.
Results : Median PFS were 13 months (95% CI 6.4-19.6 months), and 11 months (95% CI 9.1-12.9 months) for patients receiving surgery and IMRT, respectively. The cervical lymph node failure was accounted for 32.5% of patients, with involved ipsilateral neck level II in 22 patients (55.0%), III in 12 patients (30.0%), IV in 2 patients (5%), VIb and VII both in 6 patients (5.0%), furthermore, involved contralateral neck level II in 7 patients (17.5%), III in 3 patients (7.5%). The commonly failure levels were the II (15.2%), III (8.7%), VIb (8.7%), and VII (10.9%) for surgery. The lymph node recurrence and persistent disease at levels II (24.7%) and III (13.0%) remained the major cause of failure following curative intent of IMRT.
Conclusions: Whatever the treatment modality, levels II and III were most commonly failure regions. Because of high rate of node failure of level VIb and VII for patients receiving surgery, post-operative radiation should included of these territories in locally advanced hypopharynx SCC.
The influence of balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements on preimplantation embryonic development potential and molecular karyotype
Authors: Li Gang , Shi Weiyi , Niu Wenbin , Xu Jiawei , Guo Yihong , Su Yingchun , Sun Yingpu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Balanced complex rearrangements (BCCR) are balanced chromosomal structural aberrations that involve two or more chromosomes and at least three breakpoints. It is very rare in the population. The objective is to explore the difference of influence of three types of BCCRs on early embryonic development and embryonic molecular karyotype.
Results: Twelve couples were recruited including four couples of three-way rearrangements carriers (group A), three couples of double two-way translocations carriers (group B) and five couples of exceptional CCR carriers (group C). After seventeen preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles, 243 oocytes were retrieved, including 207 mature oocytes, and 181 oocytes normally fertilized after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The number of embryos forming on day3 in three groups were 87.88%, 97.78% and 77.14%, which was significantly different (P=0.01). Compared with group B, the rate of embryo formation was statistically significantly lower in group C (P=0.01). Furthermore, the rates of high-quality blastocysts in three group were 14.71%, 48.15% and 62.96%, respectively, which was significantly different (P=0.00). Compared with group B and C, the rate of high-quality blastocysts in group A was statistically significantly lower (P=0.00; P=0.00).
Comprehensive chromosome analysis was performed on 83 embryos, including 75 trophectoderm cells and 8 blastomeres. Except 7 embryos failed to amplify, 9.01% embryos were diagnosed as euploidy, and 90.91% were diagnosed as abnormal. As for group A, the euploid embryo rate was 10.71% and the abnormal embryo rate was 89.29%. In group B, the euploid embryo rate was 3.85%, the abnormal embryo rate was 96.15%. The euploid embryo rate was 13.04%, the abnormal embryo rate was 86.96% in group C. There were no significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.55).
Conclusions: The couples of double two-way translocations carriers have more chance to get balanced or normal embryos probably, and there may be more high-quality blastocysts in exceptional CCRs, but the blastocyst formation rate was similar among the three type of BCCR. Different types of BCCR had little effect on the embryonic molecular karyotype. The difference of influence of BCCR on early embryonic development and molecular karyotype should be further studied.
Acupuncture for patients with insomnia disorder protocol for a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Guo Jing , Yu Siyi , Liu Chunhong , Wang Guiling , li Bin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Insomnia is among the most prevalent sleep-related disorders. Previous researches suggest insomnia disorder is associated with brain hyperarousal state manifested as abnormal regional brain activity and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). Acupuncture is considered to be beneficial to improve sleep quality and modulate hyperarousal state. Its underlying neurobiological bases remain poorly understood. The purpose of the trial is to investigate the effectiveness and potential neural mechanism in acupuncture treatment for insomnia disorder using neuropsychological measurements and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods /Design This study is a randomized, patient-assessor-blinded trial. A total of 60 eligible patients with insomnia disorder will be randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to the real acupuncture group and sham acupuncture group. Acupuncture intervention will be administered to all patients three times a week for 4 weeks, followed up for 8 weeks. 30 age- and sex-matched healthy good sleepers will be recruited as healthy control group without any treatment intervention. All participants will undergo neuropsychological and rs-fMRI evaluations. The primary outcome includes the change of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores. The secondary outcome includes Hyperarousal scale (HAS),rs-fMRI measurements, Fatigue scale-14 (FS-14), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), a sleep diary, and actigraph test. All outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, post-treatment period and follow-up. The main analyses will be carried out on the basis of the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion The results of the trial will contribute to the efficacy and central mechanism of acupuncture treating insomnia disorder.
Response of Maize Yield Components to Growth Stage‐Based Deficit Irrigation
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Han Ming , Comas Louise H. , DeJonge Kendall C. , Gleason Sean M. , Trout Thomas J. , Ma Liwang 
Published: September 2019

In the face of declining water resources and climatic variability, growth stage‐based deficit irrigation may be a feasible approach to enhance agricultural system resilience. A 3‐yr experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of deficit irrigation on maize (Zea mays L.) in the late vegetative (Lveg) and maturation (Mat) growth stages, where phenology, dry leaf weight, aboveground biomass, yield, kernel number, 1000 kernel weight, and grain‐filling rate were evaluated. Water deficit during the Lveg stage decreased the kernel number and dry leaf weight, thus decreasing the potential grain‐filling rate (less photosynthetic tissue). In contrast with deficit during the Lveg stage, deficit during the Mat stage directly reduced the grain‐filling rate and duration and thus had the strongest effect on grain yield. A growth stage interaction was evident, such that the reduction in yield associated with water deficit applied during the Lveg stage was exacerbated by water deficit applied during the Mat stage. Yield reduction was proportional with the severity of the water deficit, in all cases. Nevertheless, water deficit applied during the Mat stage had a larger impact on maize yield compared with water deficit applied during the Lveg stage. If farmers have reduced water allocations but seasonal flexibility in the timing of irrigation water application, they will maximize yield by saving water for reproductive and maturation growth stages.Core Ideas

Water deficit during the late vegetative stage decreased the kernel number and dry leaf weight.
Deficit applied during the maturation stage directly reduced the grain‐filling rate.
Yield reduction was proportional with the severity of the water deficit.
Water deficit during the maturation stage had a larger impact on maize yield compared with that at the late vegetative stage.
Mean Performance and Stability in Multi‐Environment Trials I: Combining Features of AMMI and BLUP Techniques
Authors: Olivoto Tiago , Lúcio Alessandro D.C. , da Silva José A.G. , Marchioro Volmir S. , de Souza Velci Q. , Jost Evandro 
Published: September 2019

Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) are popular methods for analyzing multi‐environment trials (MET). The AMMI has nice graphical tools for modeling genotype‐vs.‐environment interaction (GEI) but fails in some aspects, such as accommodating a linear mixed‐effect model (LMM) structure. The BLUP provides reliable estimates but new insights to deal graphically with a random GEI structure are needed. This article compares the predictive success of BLUP and AMMI, shows how to generate biplots for modeling GEI in MET analysis using LMM, and proposes a new quantitative genotypic stability measure called WAASB, which is theWeightedAverage ofAbsoluteScores from the singular value decomposition of the matrix of BLUPs for the GEI effects generated by an LMM. We also introduced the theoretical basis of a superiority index that allows weighting between mean performance and stability, which was conveniently called WAASBY. TheBLUP was found to outperform AMMI in the analysis of four real MET trials. The application of our indexes is illustrated using an oat (Avena sativaL.) MET dataset. It was shown that reliable measures of stability using WAASB may help breeders and agronomists to make correct decisions when selecting or recommending genotypes. In addition, the simultaneous selection index, WAASBY, will be useful when the selection should consider different weights for stability and mean performance. Some advantages over existing statistics are discussed. Finally, the implementation of the procedures of this article in future studies is facilitated by an R package containing all required functions.Core IdeasThe predictive accuracy of BLUP and AMMI was investigated using four real datasets.BLUP was found to outperform AMMI in all datasets analyzed.A genotypic stability index that inherits the principles of AMMI and BLUP was proposed.A superiority index that allows weighting between mean performance and stability was proposed.An R package with useful functions for MET analysis is presented.
Assessment of Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Methods for Nonregulatory Water Quality Programs
Authors: McCarty Elizabeth , Nichols Rebecca , McCreadie John , Grant Jerome 
Published: September 2019

Many land management water quality programs must assess water quality using aquatic macroinvertebrates for nonregulatory purposes but conduct these assessments using regulatory protocols. The costs of providing data using regulatory protocols can be financially burdensome for these programs. Macroinvertebrate water quality monitoring in Great Smoky Mountians National Park in the United States is assessed using six sampling methods (kicknet, Dnet, rockwash, sand, leafpack, and visual samples). Data for this study were collected from nine wadeable streams flowing through high‐gradient mountainous forests. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa were identified to the lowest taxonomic unit as was practical. Comparisons were made among different sampling methods to determine if nonregulatory programs can obtain similar data with fewer collection methods. Richness, abundance, Shannon diversity, evenness, and dominance were compared among each of the sampling methods. Effort ratio (abundance/richness) was also compared. Methods producing high‐diversity samples were then combined and compared with the current six‐method protocol. All comparisons were made using an ANOVA and general linear model (P < 0.05). Using combinations of kicknet–visual or rock wash–Dnet–visual samples resulted in similar richness, Shannon diversity, evenness, and dominance compared with all methods, while having lower abundance and effort ratios. Reducing sampling methods will reduce time invested in field sampling, sorting, and identifications, which will reduce program costs for nonregulatory management programs.Core Ideas
Aquatic macroinvertebrate nonregulatory sampling methods can be reduced.
Rockwash–Dnet–visual or kicknet–visual samples have similar diversity to all methods.
Reducing sampling methods will save field, sorting, and identification time.
Programs can get similar nonregulatory water quality data for less money and effort.
Effects of Conservation Practices on Soil Quality Compared with a Corn–Soybean Rotation on a Claypan Soil
Authors: Alagele Salah M. , Anderson Stephen H. , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Veum Kristen S. , Rankoth Lalith M. 
Published: September 2019

Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
Assessing Classroom Management Experience of Local Language Teachers in Ligaba Primary School in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia: Focus on Wolaita language
Authors: Alaro Markos Mathewos 
Published: September 2019

The main aim of the study was to evaluate classroom management experience of local language teachers at Ligaba Primary school in Wolaita Zone of Ethiopia. The participants of the study were purposively selected six students from grade-5 and six teachers who were teaching that grade. Two tools were used to gather data : questionnaire and interview. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods were employed to obtain the results. The study clearly disclosed that there were gaps regarding teachers' time management. They did not enter the class on time and this might lead students to disturb in the class. Moreover, the study genuinely indicated that teacher did not tell the students the rules and regulations of the class and this might also seriously hampers the classroom management of teachers. It also proved that sometimes teacher interrupts teaching and go out of the class to entertain any other individuals through phone or physically. Thus, it is possible to generalize that teachers' experience in classroom management is not effective due to lack of relevant knowledge on how to manage the classroom and due to various classroom factors .Hence, it is recommended that different classroom facilities should be fulfilled for teachers and students and appropriate training should be given for the teachers by stake holders like wereda education bureau on how to manage the classroom effectively.