bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of a critical care clinical placement programme affecting critical care nursing competency of baccalaureate nursing students: A structural equation modelling
Authors: Bongar Maria Victoria V. , Pangan Frederick C. , Macindo John Rey B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAim and objectivesTo evaluate and determine the characteristics of a critical care clinical placement programme affecting the critical care nursing competency of baccalaureate nursing students.BackgroundThe increase in global demand for competent critical care services and human resources translates to an educational focus in preparing students for their eventual role as critical care health professionals. Albeit clinical placement in critical care units can promote competency, evidence supporting such claim remains inadequate.DesignCross‐sectional, descriptive correlational design.MethodEmploying structural equation modelling, 236 randomly selected baccalaureate nursing students from a clinically intensive university in the Philippines were recruited from January–March 2016. A three‐part online survey, composed of the robotfoto, Critical Care Nursing Rotation Evaluation Questionnaire, and Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Competence Scale, was completed. The STROBE checklist was followed in reporting this study.ResultsFive characteristics of clinical placement were extracted as follows: sufficient clinical exposure, adequate area orientation, supportive clinical instructor, diversified medical cases and supplemental learning resources. Four characteristics affected critical care nursing competency and built a good model (χ2/df = 1.52; comparative fit index = 0.94; parsimonious normal fit index = 0.77; root mean square error of approximation = 0.047). Adequate area orientation had the most diverse influence on all competency domains, while supportive clinical instructor had the strongest positive influence on critical care nursing skill (β = 0.30, p = 0.005).ConclusionThe model highlights the characteristics of a critical care clinical placement programme which influences critical care nursing competency among nursing students. It emphasised the importance of a supportive clinical instructor and adequate area orientation in promoting critical care nursing skills and values and attitude.Relevance to clinical practiceThe proposed model highlights the role of clinical instructors and appropriate orientation which provides impetus in improving the clinical placement design to maximise competency development.
Predictors of glycemic management among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Milo Razel B. , Connelly Cynthia D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify correlates of glycemic control among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BackgroundApproximately 28.8 million adults have type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States with $245 billion spent on disability and lost productivity. The importance of self‐management activities in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment is well recognised. Extant studies have explored self‐management activities of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus with mixed findings. Continued attention is warranted to identify predictors of glycemic control.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample, aged 18 and 75 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, was recruited and enrolled from three southern California community‐based organisations between June–December 2016. Perceived self‐efficacy, diabetes knowledge, self‐management activities, select demographics, chronic conditions and HbA1C levels were assessed. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were use to identify correlates of glycemic control. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used to develop this study.ResultsThe total number of participants included in analyses was 100. Sixty‐nine per cent had HbA1C ≥7%; average number of years with type 2 diabetes mellitus was 8.6 (SD = 6.52); 57% were female; and 54% had a high school or greater education. The multiple regression model significantly predicted 20% of the variance in HbA1C levels, F(6, 93) = 4.91, p < 0.001, adj. R2 = 0.192. Level of education, β = 0.36, p = 0.001, and years with type 2 diabetes mellitus, β = 0.28, p = 0.004, significantly contributed to the model.ConclusionsLower level of education and longer duration with diabetes were associated with poor glycemic control. Study outcomes support interventions are needed to target the ongoing educational needs of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are encouraged to increase their awareness of the impact of level of education and diabetes duration when providing individualised care to individual's with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Spirit of Public Space: Embodied through Writing and Movement
Authors: Sliwinska Magdalena Joanna 
Published: January 2019

To design places of spiritual quality and depth, designers need to reconnect themselves to the nature of place in order to create a sense of belonging prior to presenting a design solution. The traditional site analysis research produced by architects is too removed from the atmosphere of place and often becomes a set of drawings representing a hierarchical human use analysis based solely on function. This type of process needs to change in order to bring about awareness of the character of place, including making users more present with time and their own sense of belonging. Rituals are an inherent part of spirituality, and in this case, the acts performed to understand and embody the character of place encourage the sense of spiritual. The rituals presented in this paper are ethnographic methods that challenge the Western conventions of the design process. They encourage imagination and empathy through writing poetry that utilizes personification, rhythm, and bodily movement that cocreates knowledge of the sense of place through action. The design of public spaces is an important aspect of our culture and critical engagement. To arrive at meaningful spaces, the personal and civic culture needs to be expressed and highlighted. This paper presents how to change the traditional design process in order to better understand the character of place prior to designing a solution.
Melatonin protected against the detrimental effects of microRNA‐363 in a rat model of vitamin A‐associated congenital spinal deformities: Involvement of Notch signaling
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Xingye , Bi Jiaqi , Chan Matthew T. V. , Wu William Ka Kei , Shen Jianxiong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCongenital spinal deformities are a result of defective somitogenesis and are associated with vitamin A deficiency (VAD). However, the molecular mechanisms of VAD‐associated congenital spinal deformities remain largely unknown. Increasing number of studies suggested that microRNAs and melatonin played important roles in the development of congenital spinal deformities. In this study, we showed that the whole‐embryo expression of miR‐363 was upregulated in VAD rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR‐363 inhibited the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of primary cultured NSCs, accompanied by downregulation of Notch1. To this end, melatonin suppressed miR‐363 expression and rescued the effects of miR‐363 on NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation together with restoration of Notch signaling. The present study provided new insights into the mechanism of VAD‐associated spinal deformities and the therapeutic effect of melatonin that may lead to novel understanding of the molecular mechanisms of congenital spinal deformities.
Disparities in uptake of direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in a Canadian setting
Authors: Socías M. Eugenia , Ti Lianping , Wood Evan , Nosova Ekaterina , Hull Mark , Hayashi Kanna , Debeck Kora , Milloy M‐J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsDespite the high burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID), uptake of interferon‐based therapies has been extremely low. Increasing availability of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐based therapies offers the possibility of rapid treatment expansion with the goal of controlling the HCV epidemic. We evaluated DAA‐based treatment uptake among HCV‐positive PWID in Vancouver after introduction of DAAs in the government drug formulary.MethodsUsing data from three cohorts of PWID in Vancouver, Canada, we investigated factors associated with DAA‐therapies uptake among participants with HCV between April 2015 and November 2017.ResultsOf the 915 HCV‐positive PWID, 611 (66.8%) were recent PWID and 369 (40.3%) had HIV coinfection. During the study period, 146 (16.0%) initiated DAA‐therapies, a rate of 6.0 per 100 person‐year, with higher initiation rates among non‐recent PWID and an increasing trend over time. In multivariable analysis, HIV coinfection (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.29, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.55‐3.40), white race (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05‐2.35), and engagement in HCV care (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.31‐2.90) were positively associated with DAA‐therapies uptake, while high‐risk drinking (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23‐0.88) and daily crack use were negatively associated (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17‐0.85). Among recent PWID, engagement in opioid agonist therapy emerged as an independent correlate of DAA uptake.ConclusionsDespite increases in HCV treatment uptake among PWID after the introduction of DAAs in our setting, disparities in access remain. Social‐structural and behavioural barriers to HCV care should be addressed for the success of any HCV elimination strategy.
Optimal Incentive Contracts in Project Management
Authors: Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh , Qi Anyan , Wu Qi 
Published: January 2019

Motivated by the ever‐growing complexity of projects and the consistent trend of outsourcing of individual tasks or components, we study the contract‐design problem faced by a firm (or organization) for executing a project consisting of multiple tasks, each of which is performed by an individual contractor whose efforts (work‐rates) are not observable. While the contractors incur costs continuously during the course of their tasks, the firm realizes its reward or revenue only when the entire project is (i.e., all tasks are) completed. The firm’s contract‐design decisions and the contractors’ effort‐level decisions are all governed by the goals of maximizing the respective party’s expected discounted profit. We adopt the framework in Kwon et al. (2010a) and Chen et al. (2015), and derive optimal contracts for both parallel projects (tasks can be performed in parallel) and sequential projects (tasks have to be performed sequentially). The simplicity of the contracts we obtain suggests that there is potential for designing profit‐maximizing contracts without paying a price in terms of contract complexity.
Does host market regulation induce cross‐border environmental innovation?
Authors: Marin Giovanni , Zanfei Antonello 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates the effect of host‐country environmental policy stringency on the offshoring of green patents for 2000 top world R&D performers. It is shown that a more stringent environmental regulation triggers patent offshoring in the field of green technologies. Results are robust to various different specifications, to alternative definitions of innovation offshoring and of regulatory restrictions, to controls for firm and country‐level characteristics and to the consideration of possible endogeneity of regulation. We interpret these findings as evidence that MNEs can take advantage from their exposure to multiple institutional settings, reducing the costs of, and increasing the payoff from, green innovation offshoring. It is also suggested that R&D subsidies and non‐market‐based regulatory measures are more important than market‐based instruments as drivers of cross‐border environmental innovation.
Brown adipose tissue remodelling induced by corticosterone in male Wistar rats
Authors: Mousovich‐Neto Felippe , Matos Marina Souza , Costa Anna Carolina Rego , de Melo Reis Ricardo Augusto , Atella Georgia Correa , Miranda‐Alves Leandro , Carvalho Denise P. , Ketzer Luisa Andrea , Corrêa da Costa Vânia Maria 
Published: January 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does glucocorticoid excess disrupt brown adipose tissue (BAT) phenotype and function?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Glucocorticoid excess induced an extensive remodelling of interscapular BAT, resulting in a white‐like phenotype in association with metabolic disturbances. Glucocorticoids might be an important modulator of BAT physiology and BAT may have a role in pathophysiology of metabolic disturbances induced by glucocorticoid excess.
AbstractIn mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is centrally involved in energy metabolism. To test the hypothesis that glucocorticoid excess disrupts BAT phenotype and function, male Wistar rats were treated with corticosterone in drinking water for 21 days. To confirm induction of glucocorticoid excess and metabolic disturbances, adrenal weight, corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA levels and corticosterone serum levels were measured and a glucose tolerance test and serum triacylglycerol analyses were performed. Adipose tissue deposits were excised, weighed and evaluated by a set of biochemical, histological and molecular procedures, including thin‐layer chromatography, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, high‐resolution oxygraphy, ATP synthesis and enzymatic activity measurements. The approach was successful in induction of glucocorticoid excess and metabolic disturbances. Lower body weight and increased adiposity were observed in corticosterone‐treated rats. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) showed higher sensitivity to glucocorticoids than other fat deposits. The treatment induced lipid accumulation, unilocular rearrangement, increased collagen content and decreased innervation in iBAT. Furthermore, expression of Prdm16 (P < 0.05), Ucp1 (P <0.05) and Slc7a10 (P <0.05) mRNA decreased, while expression of Fasn (P <0.05) and Lep (P <0.05) mRNA increased in brown adipose tissue. Also, the levels of UCP1 diminished (P <0.001, 2.5‐fold). Finally, lower oxygen consumption (P <0.05), ATP synthesis (P <0.05) and mitochondrial content (P <0.05) were observed in iBAT of glucocorticoid‐treated rats. Glucocorticoid excess induced an extensive remodelling of interscapular brown adipose tissue, resulting in a white‐like phenotype in association with metabolic disturbances.
Predicting cardiometabolic markers in children using tri-ponderal mass index: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ashley-Martin Jillian , Ensenauer Regina , Maguire Bryan , Kuhle Stefan 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo model the development of the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI, kg/m3) throughout childhood and adolescence and to compare the utility of the TMI with that of the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) to predict cardiometabolic risk in a population-based sample of Canadian children and youth.MethodsWe used data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey to model TMI from 6 to 19 years of age. Percentile curves were developed using the LMS method. Logistic regression was used to predict abnormal levels of cardiometabolic markers; predictive accuracy was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsMean TMI was relatively stable from ages 6 to 19 years for both sexes, but variability increased with age. There was no notable difference in AUC values for prediction models based on BMI z-score compared with TMI for any of the outcomes. For both BMI z-score and TMI, prediction accuracy was good for homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and having ≥3 abnormal tests (AUC>0.80), fair for C-reactive protein and poor for the remainder of the outcomes.ConclusionsThe use of a single sex-specific TMI cut-off for overweight or obesity is hampered by the increasing variability of the measure with age. Weight-for-height indices likely have only limited ability to predict cardiometabolic marker levels, and changing the scaling power of height is unlikely to improve predictive accuracy.
Appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing among privately insured US patients: ICD-10-CM based cross sectional study
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Fischer Michael A , Linder Jeffrey A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess the appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing for privately insured children and non-elderly adults in the US using a comprehensive classification scheme of diagnosis codes in ICD-10-CM (international classification of diseases-clinical modification, 10th revision), which replaced ICD-9-CM in the US on 1 October 2015.

Design
Cross sectional study.

Setting
MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database, 2016.

Participants
19.2 million enrollees aged 0-64 years.

Main outcome measures
A classification scheme was developed that determined whether each of the 91 738 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes “always,” “sometimes,” or “never” justified antibiotics. For each antibiotic prescription fill, this scheme was used to classify all diagnosis codes in claims during a look back period that began three days before antibiotic prescription fills and ended on the day fills occurred. The main outcome was the proportion of fills in each of four mutually exclusive categories: “appropriate” (associated with at least one “always” code during the look back period, “potentially appropriate” (associated with at least one “sometimes” but no “always” codes), “inappropriate” (associated only with “never” codes), and “not associated with a recent diagnosis code” (no codes during the look back period).

Results
The cohort (n=19 203 264) comprised 14 571 944 (75.9%) adult and 9 935 791 (51.7%) female enrollees. Among 15 455 834 outpatient antibiotic prescription fills by the cohort, the most common antibiotics were azithromycin (2 931 242, 19.0%), amoxicillin (2 818 939, 18.2%), and amoxicillin-clavulanate (1 784 921, 11.6%). Among these 15 455 834 fills, 1 973 873 (12.8%) were appropriate, 5 487 003 (35.5%) were potentially appropriate, 3 592 183 (23.2%) were inappropriate, and 4 402 775 (28.5%) were not associated with a recent diagnosis code. Among the 3 592 183 inappropriate fills, 2 541 125 (70.7%) were written in office based settings, 222 804 (6.2%) in urgent care centers, and 168 396 (4.7%) in emergency departments. In 2016, 2 697 918 (14.1%) of the 19 203 264 enrollees filled at least one inappropriate antibiotic prescription, including 490 475 out of 4 631 320 children (10.6%) and 2 207 173 out of 14 571 944 adults (15.2%).

Conclusions
Among all outpatient antibiotic prescription fills by 19 203 264 privately insured US children and non-elderly adults in 2016, 23.2% were inappropriate, 35.5% were potentially appropriate, and 28.5% were not associated with a recent diagnosis code. Approximately 1 in 7 enrollees filled at least one inappropriate antibiotic prescription in 2016. The classification scheme could facilitate future efforts to comprehensively measure outpatient antibiotic appropriateness in the US, and it could be adapted for use in other countries that use ICD-10 codes.
Comparative analysis of coil embolization in posterior and anterior communicating artery aneurysms
Authors: Choi Hyun Ho , Cho Young Dae , Yoo Dong Hyun , Lee Su Hwan , Yeon Eung Koo , Kang Hyun-Seung , Cho Won-Sang , Kim Jeong Eun , Han Moon Hee 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundRecanalization rates after coil embolization are known to be higher in cerebral aneurysms of the posterior (vs anterior) circulation. Although often grouped with anterior lesions, aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery (PcoA) may nevertheless behave differently.ObjectiveWe performed a comparative analysis to explore differences in recanalization rates of PcoA and anterior communicating artery (AcoA) aneurysms, both integral to the circle of Willis.MethodsBetween October 2012 and July 2017, 699 AcoA (n=427) and PcoA (n=272) aneurysms were treated by endovascular coil embolization, monitoring 667 (95.4%) via radiologic imaging for ≥ 6 months. Cumulative recordings of medical and imaging data were retrospectively reviewed, conducting propensity score matching and binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn the 667 aneurysms followed longer term, recanalization occurred in 111 (16.6%; minor 72; major 39) and was significantly more frequent in PcoA (25.5%) than in AcoA (11.0%; P<0.01) aneurysms during similar follow-up periods. After 1:1 propensity score matching, an even greater proclivity for recanalization was evident at PcoA sites (PcoA 23.0%; AcoA 12.2%; P<0.01). Although A1 segment dominance was linked to recanalization in AcoA aneurysms (18.2% vs 7.6%; P=0.01), the PcoA counterpart had no bearing on recanalization (27.7% vs 24.1%; P=0.51).ConclusionsDespite a clear preponderance of AcoA aneurysms, recanalization of PcoA aneurysms proved significantly greater, attesting to posterior circulation behavior.
Gneiss Dome Formation in the Himalaya and southern Tibet
Authors: Jessup Micah J. , Langille Jackie M. , Diedesch Timothy F. , Cottle John M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Gneiss domes in the Himalaya and southern Tibet record processes of crustal thickening, metamorphism, melting, deformation and exhumation during the convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates. We review two types of gneiss domes: North Himalayan gneiss domes (NHGD) and later domes formed by orogen-parallel extension. Located in the southern Tibetan Plateau, the NHGD are cored by granite and gneiss, and mantled by the Tethyan sedimentary sequence. The footwall of these were extruded southwards from beneath the Tibetan Plateau and subsequently warped into a domal shape. The second class of domes were formed during displacement on normal-sense shear zones and detachments that accommodated orogen-parallel extension during the Late Miocene. In some cases, formation of these domes involved an early stage of southwards-directed extrusion prior to doming. We review evidence for orogen-parallel extension to provide context for the formation of these gneiss domes. Compilations of pressure–temperature–time–deformation data and temperature–time paths indicate differences between dome types, and we accordingly propose new terminology. Type 1 domes are characterized by doming as an artefact of post-high-temperature exhumation processes in the Middle Miocene. Type 2 domes formed in response to exhumation during orogen-parallel extension in the Late Miocene that potentially post-dates south-directed extrusion.