bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necessary and sufficient conditions of risk‐sensitive optimal control and differential games for stochastic differential delayed equations
Authors: Moon Jun 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we consider risk‐sensitive optimal control and differential games for stochastic differential delayed equations driven by Brownian motion. The problems are related to robust stochastic optimization with delay due to the inherent feature of the risk‐sensitive objective functional. For both problems, by using the logarithmic transformation of the associated risk‐neutral problem, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the risk‐sensitive maximum principle are obtained. We show that these conditions are characterized in terms of the variational inequality and the coupled anticipated backward stochastic differential equations (ABSDEs). The coupled ABSDEs consist of the first‐order adjoint equation and an additional scalar ABSDE, where the latter is induced due to the nonsmooth nonlinear transformation of the adjoint process of the associated risk‐neutral problem. For applications, we consider the risk‐sensitive linear‐quadratic control and game problems with delay, and the optimal consumption and production game, for which we obtain explicit optimal solutions.
Demineralisation of Municipal Biowaste Hydrolysates
Authors: Montoneri Enzo , Nisticò Roberto , Francavilla Matteo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work reports the demineralisation of soluble biorganic hyrolysates (SBOs) obtained from three materials sampled from a municipal biowaste treatment plant. The SBOs contain mineral and organic matter. They are promising bio‐based multipurpose products due to their properties as biosurfactants, chemicals for the manufacture of plastics, and fertilizers for plant growth. Demineralisation of SBOs was carried out by HCl ion exchange and HF washing to assess its effect on the pristine product chemical composition and properties. The demineralized products (SBOs‐DM) were characterized by elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, 13C‐NMR spectroscopy and surface tension measurements. They were compared with pristine SBOs. The following results were obtained: ash content 0.2‐1.1% in SBOs‐DM vs. 15–28% in pristine SBOs; lower aliphatic/aromatic C ratio in SBOs‐DM (0.8‐2.0) than in pristine SBOs (1.3‐3.4); higher critical (mineral free) micellar concentration for SBOs‐DM (1‐2.7 g L−1) than for pristine SBOs (1‐2.3 g L−1). The potential applications of SBOs‐DM and pristine SBOs are discussed.
Rotation Barriers of 1‐Adamantyl‐Csp3 Bonds Measured with Dynamic NMR
Authors: Mazzanti Andrea , Drakopoulos Antonios , Christina Tzitzoglaki , Kolocouris Antonios 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdamantane is a lipophilic symmetrical hydrocarbon cage, which has been successfully used as a valuable fragment in drug design. The bond rotations of the 1‐adamantyl group in Ad‐CEt2OH (11) and Ad‐CEt2Cl (12) were investigated, and the bond rotation barriers were compared with energy values from similar compounds measured previously. Exchange rate constants were estimated from lineshape fitting of low temperature 13C NMR data for compound 11, and used to estimate the free energy of the 1‐adamantyl group‘s single bond rotation at 8.8 kcal mol−1. Spectra analyses for compound 12 were hampered by impurities, and only an estimate of the respective rate constant was possible from a single coalescence point. The free energy for bond rotation of 1‐adamantyl group in 12 was found to be ∼ 10 kcal mol−1, based on decoalescence of signals at −100 οC. The barrier for 12 is comparable with the single bond rotation barrier of Ad‐CMe2Cl (2) (9.3 kcal mol−1), or the analogous barrier of tBu‐CMe2Cl (1) (10.4 kcal mol−1). As previously suggested, single bond rotational barriers Csp3‐Csp3 were found lower than expected when one Csp3 is included in a bulky but rigid tertiary residue (e. g. 1‐adamantyl), compared to a smaller but more flexible residue (e. g. tert‐butyl).
Two Series of CuII‐Substituted Sandwich‐Type Polyoxotungstates Constructed from Trivacant Germanotungstate Fragments
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Sun Ke‐Ning , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnder hydrothermal conditions, two families of new CuII‐substituted sandwich‐type germanotungstates (GTs): Cu6‐GTs (enH2)2[Cu(en)2]2[Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅4H2O (1), H4[Cu(deta)(H2O)]2[Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (2), [Cu(en)(H2O)2]2[Cu(en)2]2[Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (3) (en=ethylenediamine, deta=diethylenetriamine) and Cu4‐GTs H4[Cu(H2O)4]2[Cu(H2O)5]2[Cu4(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (4), H10[Cu(H2O)3(Cl)]2[Cu4(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (5), H8[Na(H2O)4]2[Cu(H2O)3(Cl)]2[Cu4(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (6) have been made and characterized. Single‐crystal structural analyses indicate that 1–3 contain a belt‐like hexa‐CuII substituted sandwich‐type [Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]8+ unit. Notably, 1–3 are rare organic‐inorganic hybrid polyoxometalates with [Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]8− subunits, displaying the assembly from 1‐D chain to 3‐D framework by the [Cu(en)2]2+ or [Cu(deta)2(H2O)]2+ linkers. 4–6 contain rhomb‐like tetra‐CuII substituted sandwich‐type [Cu4(H2O)n(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]12− (n=2, 0) units linked by [Cu(H2O)4]2+ or [Cu2(H2O)6Cl2]+ clusters to from 1‐D chain. Magnetic measurements performed on 3 indicate the occurrence of ferromagnetic interactions within the copper ions. Furthermore, the electrochemical and electro‐catalysis properties of 3 have been studied in 0.02 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution, and show good electro‐catalytic activity to the reduction of nitrite.
Nitrogen‐doped Porous Carbon Obtained from Silk Cocoon for High Performance Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Jiuqing , Zhao Haijun , Zhu Fangfang , Yu Wanjing , Li Jie , Li Qihou , Wang Cheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐doped porous carbon obtained from silk cocoon (NCFC) was first used as cathodes for Li‐O2 batteries with ionic liquid in this paper. NCFC is made up of irregular bending slices and has a high specific discharge product of most Li‐O2 surface area of 2142.0 m2 g−1 which means numerous active sites for electrochemical reactions. The results show that NCFC based Li‐O2 battery has good cycle stability and high energy efficiency under different current density. In particular, NCFC based Li‐O2 batteries can work more than 400 cycles (500 mAh g−1 at 0.20 mA cm−2) with the maximum overpotential less than 0.92 V, which is much better than super P based Li‐O2 batteries (188 cycles with overpotential up to 1.88 V) and many reported Li‐O2 batteries. The results show that NCFC is a very promising material for Li‐O2 batteries.
Sensitive Naked‐eye and Fluorescence Determination of Acetylcholinesterase Activity using Cu/Ag Nanoclusters Based on Inner Filter Effect
Authors: Li Yanyue , Hu Yanling , He Yu , Ge Yili , Song Gongwu , Zhou Jiangang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, a novel naked eye and fluorescence sensor for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) determination based on copper/silver nanoclusters (Cu/Ag NCs) was developed. L‐Histidine protected Cu/Ag NCs were prepared and exhibited superior properties compared with copper nanoclusters, with the quantum yield increased from 4.3% to 13.2%. The fluorescence of Cu/Ag NCs can be easily quenched by 2‐nitro‐5‐thiobenzoate anion (TNB) owing to the inner filter effect. TNB is the product between 5′‐Dithiobis‐(2‐nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and thiols. However, AChE can specially catalyze acetylthiocholine (ATCh) to hydrolyze and release biothiols (TCh). Based on this, the determination of AChE was achieved by introducing DTNB. A naked eye sensor was also constructed owing to the color change.
Teaching Students to Write Opinion Pieces Using a Dialogic Approach
Authors: Reina Laura , Clark Sarah K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAre you looking for ways to enhance and strengthen how you teach your students to write effective opinion pieces as outlined in the English Language Arts Common Core State Standards? In this teaching tip, the authors describe an innovative and dialogic approach that elementary school teachers can use and adapt as needed to strengthen students’ reading, writing, speaking, and listening abilities while teaching them to write opinion pieces effectively.
Damage model for plastic materials at finite strains
Authors: Melching David , Scala Riccardo , Zeman Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe introduce a model for elastoplasticity at finite strains coupled with damage. The internal energy of the deformed elastoplastic body depends on the deformation, the plastic strain, and the unidirectional isotropic damage. The main novelty is a dissipation distance allowing the description of coupled dissipative behavior of damage and plastic strain. Moving from time‐discretization, we prove the existence of energetic solutions to the quasistatic evolution problem.
Climate-Smart Maize
Authors: Reay Dave 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the US alone, over 85 million maize tortillas are eaten each year in everything from wraps and sandwiches to pizzas and lasagnes, and that’s before all our snacking on tortilla chips is added in. While Central America is its birthplace, the US, China and Brazil are now the big maize producers—together they produce two-thirds of the global harvest. One snack bag of tortilla chips has a climate footprint of around 50 grams of greenhouse gas emissions. Even with transatlantic shipping, this footprint largely comes from growing the maize in the first place. In the UK each year we throw away an estimated 23,000 tonnes of savoury snacks, including tortilla chips. Water, too much of it and especially not enough of it, embodies the climate threat to maize production. Attack by pests and diseases may increase, with a particular concern being a rise in fungal toxins, like aflatoxin, in human and livestock food. Improved plant health through soil water management, irrigation and new varieties can each give greater resilience. Supporting maize types and cultivation practices that are specifically aligned with local contexts emerges as a core requirement of climate-smart practice.
A fuzzy bipolar celestial sphere
Authors: Alessio Francesco , Arzano Michele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe introduce a non-commutative deformation of the algebra of bipolar spherical harmonics supporting the action of the full Lorentz algebra. Our construction is close in spirit to the one of the non-commutative spherical harmonics associated to the fuzzy sphere and, as such, it leads to a maximal value of the angular momentum. We derive the action of Lorentz boost generators on such non-commutative spherical harmonics and show that it is compatible with the existence of a maximal angular momentum.
Refined swampland distance conjecture and exotic hybrid Calabi-Yaus
Authors: Erkinger David , Knapp Johanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe test the refined swampland distance conjecture in the Kähler moduli space of exotic one-parameter Calabi-Yaus. We focus on examples with pseudo-hybrid points. These points, whose properties are not well-understood, are at finite distance in the moduli space. We explicitly compute the lengths of geodesics from such points to the large volume regime and show that the refined swampland distance conjecture holds. To compute the metric we use the sphere partition function of the gauged linear sigma model. We discuss several examples in detail, including one example associated to a gauged linear sigma model with non-abelian gauge group.
Greatest surprise reduction semantics: an information theoretic solution to misrepresentation and disjunction
Authors: Weissglass D. E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCausal theories of content, a popular family of approaches to defining the content of mental states, commonly run afoul of two related and serious problems that prevent them from providing an adequate theory of mental content—the misrepresentation problem and the disjunction problem. In this paper, I present a causal theory of content, built on information theoretic tools, that solves these problems and provides a viable model of mental content. This is the greatest surprise reduction theory of content, which identifies the content of a signal as the event the surprisal of which is most reduced by that signal. Conceptually, this amounts to the claim that the content of a signal is the event the probability of which has increased by the largest proportion, or the event that the signal makes the most less surprising to us. I develop the greatest surprise reduction theory of content in four stages. First, I introduce the general project of causal theories of content, and the challenges presented to this project by the misrepresentation and disjunction problems. Next, I review two recent and prominent causal theories of content and demonstrate the serious challenges faced by these approaches, both clarifying the need for a solution to the misrepresentation and disjunction problems and providing a conceptual background for the greatest surprise reduction theory. Then, I develop the greatest surprise reduction theory of content, demonstrate its ability to resolve the misrepresentation and disjunction problems, and explore some additional applications it may have. Finally, I conclude with a discussion of a particularly difficult challenge that remains to be addressed—the partition problem—and sketch a path to a potential solution.
Lymphoma survivors’ experience of participation in a home-based intervention post-chemotherapy
Authors: Hathiramani Suchita , Pettengell R. , Moir H. , Younis A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Further research on patient experience and involvement is recommended in order to develop evidence-based and meaningful care pathways for lymphoma survivors. This study aims to explore the experience of a sample of lymphoma survivors participating in a home-based intervention following chemotherapy.

Methods
Eligible participants who completed a 12-week home-based intervention were invited to complete the End of Study Questionnaire designed to explore perceptions, preferences and barriers to participation. Content analysis was used to generate codes, describe frequencies and identify themes.

Results
Participating in a home-based intervention post-treatment was a positive experience overall, and aided recovery in this sample of lymphoma survivors (n = 35). Participants felt the programme provided structure, motivation and liked contact with the researcher. Participants highlighted their need for advice on healthy lifestyle, diet in particular.

Conclusions
Lymphoma survivors in this study reported participation in a home-based intervention following treatment beneficial and aided recovery.

Implications for cancer survivors
A large proportion of lymphoma survivors would benefit from a rehabilitation intervention post-chemotherapy. Intervention programmes should include follow-ups to monitor progress and provide support and motivation. Health professionals should recommend healthy lifestyle guidelines to survivors on completion of treatment or refer patients to appropriate services for rehabilitation and advice.
Analyzing student teachers’ use of theory in their reflections on mathematics teaching practice
Authors: Oonk Wil , Verloop Nico , Gravemeijer Koeno P. E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted among 269 student teachers at 11 primary teacher training colleges in the Netherlands. To investigate their competence in integrating theory and practice in their reflections on mathematics teaching, a learning environment was designed to evoke theory use in reflections on practice. To be able to systematically describe the use of theory, we distinguished two dimensions, which we called thenatureandlevelof theory use. A Reflection Analysis Instrument was used to univocally code the nature and level of the student teachers’ theory use in the reflective notes of their final assessments into 1740 meaningful units. We found that nearly all student teachers used theory. However, they differed markedly in the way they linked theory and practice and with which depth they used theoretical concepts in their reflections. A remarkable finding of the study was the important influence of prior mathematics education on the nature and level of theory use, especially the low results of the third-year student teachers in their level of theory use. The outcome may have consequences for the design of the teacher education curricula and for the intake of first-year student teachers.
Nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents in south-east Serbia
Authors: Kostić Jelena , Žikić Olivera , Stankovic Miodrag , Nikolić Gordana 
Published: July 2019

Background
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and for purposes not socially sanctioned. The aim of this study was to explore the variety of self-injury behaviors as well as the function of NSSI among adolescents in South-East Serbia.

Methods
The study included 50 adolescents of both sexes, aged 13–18 years, who had deliberately engaged in self-injury at least once. A general socio-demographic questionnaire and the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) were used in the study.

Results
The average age of the respondents was 15 (1.17); the most common NSSI methods were cutting (60%), followed by biting and severe scratching (14%); the average age of onset was 14.12 (0.77); the majority confirmed experiencing pain during self-injury (42%); the respondents more commonly performed NSSI when they were alone (68,0%); in 90% of the cases, the time elapsed between sensing the urge to self-injury and acting on it was less than 1 h; the majority of the respondents stated that they did not want to stop self-injuring (56%). In terms of the NSSI function, the obtained scores were the highest for affect regulation 3.36 (1.47), self-punishment 1.90 (1.39) and marking distress 1.72 (1.26). In terms of gender, there was a statistically significant difference for the antidissociation (P = .043), interpersonal influence (P = .004) and revenge (P = .019).

Conclusion
The results may have practical implications when it comes to taking preventive and therapeutic measures in the vulnerable adolescent population.
Engaging Local Health Departments in Disaster Research: A Washington State Survey
Authors: Everhart Ali , Patel Resham , Errett Nicole A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:Disaster research can inform effective, efficient, and evidence-based public health practices and decision making; identify and address knowledge gaps in current disaster preparedness and response efforts; and evaluate disaster response strategies. This study aimed to identify challenges and opportunities experienced by Washington State local health departments (LHDs) regarding engagement in disaster research activities.Methods:An online survey was disseminated to the emergency preparedness representative for the 35 LHDs in Washington State. Survey questions sought to assess familiarity and experience with disaster research, as well as identify facilitators and barriers to their involvement. The survey was first piloted with 7 local and state public health emergency preparedness practitioners.Results:A total of 82.9% of Washington’s 35 LHDs responded to our survey. Only 17.2% of respondents had previous experience with disaster research. Frequently reported barriers to engaging in disaster research included funding availability, competing everyday priorities, staff capacity, and competing priorities during disaster response.Conclusions:These findings can inform efforts to support disaster research partnerships with Washington State LHDs and facilitate future collaboration. Researchers and public health practitioners should develop relationships and work to incorporate disaster research into LHD planning, training, and exercises to foster practice-based disaster research capacity.
Is Banning Enough? The Intricacy Inherent to Marine Mammal Conservation
Authors: Pavone Ilja Richard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeclining populations of marine mammals have led to growing concern about their conservation. As a result, a series of specific conservation measures have been put in place (bans on hunting and trading, establishment of protected marine areas). Such rules, although restoring the populations of some species of marine mammals, have nevertheless failed to protect them from the most challenging threat to their survival: the bycatch of non-target species. Accordingly, this Article highlights gaps within fisheries law, clarifying the efficacy of existing norms on the protection of the most endangered marine species of marine mammals, with a particular focus on cetaceans, from over-exploitation.To this aim, the Article explores the peculiar norms developed by treaties of global and regional scope and the European Union (EU) with reference to specific species, including whales, seals, small cetaceans—referred to as direct protection. The Article then proceeds to an analysis of fisheries law that addresses, in an incidental manner, marine mammal protection—referred to as indirect protection.The Article is based on the assumption that measures simply banning hunting or fishing, as envisaged by wildlife law, must necessarily be complemented by fisheries law—that is, Inter-regime linkages. Paradoxically, indirect protection can have a major impact in terms of improvement of both fish welfare and conservation; the problem lies in the fact that current fisheries law fails to provide an adequate response to bycatch. This Article proposes methods to improve fisheries law and also discusses whether the emerging concept of fish welfare can be an asset if included in fisheries rules; the Article ultimately contends that welfare issues must necessarily be part of future legal developments.
Constitutions—Their Role Through the Ages: Notes on the 59th Meeting of German-Speaking Public Law Assistants in Frankfurt am Main
Authors: Keesen Jan , Ulrich Jacob 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOnce a year, the German-speaking public law assistants meet to discuss recent developments in their working areas. This year, the anniversary of several enactments of constitutions, such as the Grundgesetz, suggested to discuss issues with regard to the role of constitutions for the democratic state, constitutional change, and the relevance of constitutions for societal cohabitation. During the lively discussions, one could observe a trend towards interdisciplinary research in the work of young public law scholars.
THE ERROR AESTHETIC: THE OPPORTUNITY TO UNDERSTAND SYSTEMS VIA FRACTURES IN CODING
Authors: Schubert Alexander 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aesthetic of fault, failure, breaking off or breaking down is a diverse phenomenon pervading a multitude of areas in daily life, art in general, and medial contemporary music in particular. In addition to its destructive element, an error always allows the opportunity to look behind the façade and to comprehend mechanisms in systems. As soon as a function is impaired or defective we learn more about the operations of that system – be it biology, psychology, informatics or any other branch of science – and this holds especially true for medially conveyed, digital content. In a reality increasingly capitalising on digitally transported content this viewpoint gains growing social as well as artistic poignancy. This article explores the conception and connotation of error in general and, specifically, in the field of digital media before discuss resulting implications for the arts and giving examples of how to harness their attributes. Finally, it also reflects on the author's motivation in approaching the principle of error, and reflects upon how this subject is substantially influencing my own current pieces.