bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Learning Disabilities Linked to Sagittal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Cabrejo Raysa , Lacadie Cheryl , Brooks Eric , Beckett Joel , Sun Alexander , Yang Jenny , Chuang Carolyn , Eilbott Jeffrey , Duncan Charles , Steinbacher Derek , Alperovich Michael , Ventola Pamela , Pelphrey Kevin , Constable Todd , Persing John 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to investigate further findings that corroborate similarities between corrected sagittal craniosynostosis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim is to further characterize the neurocognitive deficits seen in adolescents with corrected craniosynostosis by comparing it to established learning deficits such as ADHD.

Methods:
A total of 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 10 sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (sNSC), 10 ADHD-combined, and 10 control adolescents were studied. The fMRI scans were analyzed utilizing Statistical Parametric Mapping (University College London, UK) and analyzed with BioImageSuite (Yale University, New Haven, CT).

Results:
The ADHD has lower connectivity to Brodmann area (BA) 11 (Montreal Neurological Institution [MNI]: −12,26,−21), BA20 (MNI: 62,−24,−25), and BA21 (MNI: 62,−32,−23) compared to sNSC and controls (P < 0.001). The sNSC has a unique visuospatial defect, compared to ADHD, created by decreased connectivity to BA31 (MNI: −3,−68,37), BA7 (MNI: −4,−68,41), BA19 (MNI: 0,−83,31), visual association cortex (MNI: −4,−78,22), and primary visual cortex (MNI: 7,−74,21) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Patients born with sNSC have different neural connections than children born with ADHD. Patients born with sNSC have decreased connections in areas of visual processing and increased connections in areas of attention and auditory processing than patients with ADHD. Therefore, children with sagittal craniosynsotosis may have learning difficulties that, similar, yet different from ADHD.
The Facial Artery Perforator Flap as a New Option for Reconstruction of Intraoral Defects: Surgical Tips and Clinical Series
Authors: Horta Ricardo , Barreiro Diogo , Nascimento Ricardo , Silva Alvaro 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The authors have recently 1st described the use of the facial artery perforator flap (FAP) for intraoral reconstruction. In this study, they discuss technical notes and surgical tips associated with the procedure and the application of this flap in 4 patients with intraoral defects resulting from cancer or osteoradionecrosis.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 4 consecutive patients was performed on all patients who underwent reconstruction of an intraoral defect with a FAP flap, over a 12-month period from March 2017 to March 2018.
The flap was designed according to the size of the defect centered on the perforator and was tunneled intraorally by means of a 90° rotation or advanced medially. The most constantly encountered perforator 1.5 cm lateral to the oral commissure was used in 3 cases; a cranial perforator was selected in 1 patient.

Results:
Four FAP flaps were used in 4 patients with intraoral defects. Follow-up was 6 to 12 months. Median defect size was 9.15 cm2 (range, 3.4–21.5 cm2). All reconstructions were successful, without major flap loss or infections. One patient with severe osteoradionecrosis and fungal infection developed minor flap loss and dehiscence, which was treated conservatively. There were no signs of local recurrence and functional outcomes were satisfactory.

Conclusions:
The FAP flap is an effective and versatile solution for reconstruction of intraoral defects until 5 cm × 4 cm (20 cm2) without significant donor-site morbidity. It may be considered a new reconstructive option for intraoral defects, which warrants further study in a larger series or patients.
Baclofen Neurotoxicity: A Metabolic Encephalopathy Susceptible to Exacerbation by Benzodiazepine Therapy
Authors: Triplett James D. , Lawn Nicholas D. , Dunne John W. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:Baclofen has been reported to cause both a metabolic encephalopathy and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Baclofen is typically used in the management of muscle spasticity but is being increasingly used to manage alcohol withdrawal and opiate dependency. Given the increasing use of baclofen we describe the clinical and electrographical features of baclofen neurotoxicity seen at our institution.Methods:The clinical and EEG features of patients with an encephalopathy in the setting of baclofen therapy were analyzed. Patients were identified via our hospital EEG database.Results:Fourteen patients were identified having presented with an acute confusional state without identifiable cause other than baclofen use. Five patients took a deliberate overdose, three of whom were baclofen naive, two patients presented after medication prescription error, and seven patients were on stable doses (30–140 mg daily). All patients presented with an encephalopathy, one patient was reported to have clinical seizures, and seven had multifocal myoclonus. EEGs were abnormal in all patients and showed moderate to severe generalized slowing. Generalized triphasic waves occurring at 1 to 2 Hz, sometimes with an anterior to posterior phase lag, were present in 10 patients (71%), and intermittent generalized suppression of the background was seen in three patients. Three patients received small doses of intravenous benzodiazepines, resulting in a marked depression of consciousness and respiration. All patients recovered within 48 hours of baclofen discontinuation.Conclusions:Baclofen toxicity can produce an acute encephalopathy even at modest doses, with the EEG showing generalized slowing and triphasic waves consistent with a toxic encephalopathy. Management consists of supportive care and cessation of baclofen. Patients with baclofen neurotoxicity exhibit a marked vulnerability to the depressant effects of benzodiazepines.
MagC, magnetic collection of ultrathin sections for volumetric correlative light and electron microscopy
Authors: Templier T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe non-destructive collection of ultrathin sections onto silicon wafers for post-embedding staining and volumetric correlative light and electron microscopy traditionally requires exquisite manual skills and is tedious and unreliable. In MagC introduced here, sample blocks are augmented with a magnetic resin enabling remote actuation and collection of hundreds of sections on wafer. MagC allowed the correlative visualization of neuroanatomical tracers within their ultrastructural volumetric electron microscopy context.
The cytoprotective role of antioxidants in mammalian cells under rapidly varying temperature, pressure and UV conditions during stratospheric balloon campaign
Authors: Przystupski Dawid , Górska Agata , Rozborska Paulina , Bartosik Weronika , Michel Olga , Rossowska Joanna , Szewczyk Anna , Drąg-Zalesińska Małgorzata , Kasperkiewicz Paulina , Górski Jędrzej , Kulbacka Julita 
Published: January 2019

1.AbstractCurrently ongoing age of the dynamic development of the space industry brings the mankind closer to the routine manned space flights and space tourism. That progress leads to a demand for intensive astrobiological research aimed at improving strategies of the pharmacological protection of the human cells against extreme conditions. Although routine research in space remain out of our reach, it is worth noticing that unique severe environment of the Earth’s stratosphere have been found to mimic subcosmic conditions, giving rise to the opportunity for use of stratospheric surface as a research model for the astrobiological studies. Our study included launching balloon into the stratosphere containing the human normal and cancer cells treated with various compounds to examine whether these medicines are capable to protect the cells against the stress caused by rapidly varying temperature, pressure and radiation, especially UV. Due to oxidative stress caused by irradiation and temperature shock, we used natural compounds which display antioxidant properties, namely catechin isolated from green tea, honokiol derived from magnolia, curcumin from turmeric and cinnamon extract. “After-flight” laboratory tests displayed the most active antioxidants as potential agents which can minimize harmful impact of extreme conditions to the human cells.
Regional fat depot masses are influenced by protein-coding gene variants
Authors: Neville Matt J. , Wittemans Laura BL. , Pinnick Katherine E. , Todorčević Marijana , Kaksonen Risto , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Luan Jian’an , Scott Robert A. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Langenberg Claudia , Karpe Fredrik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith the identification of a large number of genetic loci associated with human fat distribution and its importance for metabolic health, the question arises as to what the genetic drivers for discrete fat depot expansion might be. To date most studies have focussed on conventional anthropometric measures such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for body mass index. We searched for genetic loci determining discrete fat depots mass size using an exome-wide approach in 3 large cohorts.Here we report an exome-wide analysis of non-synonymous genetic variants in 17,212 participants in which regional fat masses were quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The missense variant CCDC92S70C, previously associated with WHR, is associated specifically with reduced visceral and increased leg fat masses. Allele-specific expression analysis shows that the deleterious minor allele carrying transcript also has a constitutively higher expression. In addition, we identify two variants associated with the transcriptionally distinct fat depot arm fat (SPATA20K422R and UQCC1R51Q). SPATA20K422R, a rare novel locus with a large effect size specific to arm, and UQCC1R51Q, a common variant exome-wide significant in arm but showing similar trends in other subcutaneous fat depots. In terms of the understanding of human fat distribution, these findings suggest distinct regulation of discrete fat depot expansion.Author summaryHuman fat storing tissues are heterogeneous and comprise functionally and structurally distinct regional fat depots, the relative size of which appear to have significant implications for health. Whilst it is known that inter-individual differences in fat distribution have genetic drivers, studies to date have focussed on crude anthropometric approximations of region fat masses rather than precise measures. Here we describe an exome-wide analysis of a large collection of men and women who have undergone body scanning using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to better define regional fat masses and identify new genetic drivers for human fat distribution. With this approach we identify three gene regions associated with distinct fat depots which can help to explain the variation in fat distribution between people and may lead to a better understanding of the depot specific fat tissue expansion.
Analysis of Vibrio cholerae genomes using a novel bioinformatic tool identifies new, active Type VI Secretion System gene clusters
Authors: Crisan Cristian V. , Chande Aroon T. , Williams Kenneth , Raghuram Vishnu , Rishishwar Lavanya , Steinbach Gabi , Yunker Peter , Jordan I. King , Hammer Brian K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLike many bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, which causes fatal cholera, deploys a harpoon-like Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) to compete against other microbes in environmental and host settings. The T6SS punctures adjacent cells and delivers toxic effector proteins that are harmless to bacteria carrying cognate immunity factors. Only four effector/immunity pairs encoded on one large and three auxiliary gene clusters have been characterized from largely clonal, patient-derived strains of V. cholerae.ResultsWe sequenced two dozen V. cholerae strain genomes from diverse sources and developed a novel and adaptable bioinformatic tool based on Hidden Markov Models. We identified two new T6SS auxiliary gene clusters; one, Aux 5, is described here. Four Aux 5 loci are present in the host strain, each with an atypical effector/immunity gene organization. Structural prediction of the putative effector indicated it is a lipase, which we name TleV1 (Type VI lipase effector Vibrio, TleV1). Ectopic TleV1 expression induced toxicity in E. coli, which was rescued by co-expression of the TleV1 immunity factor. A clinical V. cholerae reference strain expressing the Aux 5 cluster used TleV1 to lyse its parental strain upon contact via its T6SS but was unable to kill parental cells expressing TleV1’s immunity factor.ConclusionWe developed a novel bioinformatic method and identified new T6SS gene clusters in V. cholerae. We also showed the TleV1 toxin is delivered in a T6SS-manner by V. cholerae and can lyse other bacterial cells. Our web-based tool may be modified to identify additional novel T6SS genomic loci in diverse bacterial species.
Identifying Severe Stroke Patients Likely to Benefit From Thrombectomy Despite Delays of up to a Day
Authors: González R. Gilberto , Silva Gisele Sampaio , He Julian , Sadaghiani Saloomeh , Wu Ona , Singhal Aneesh B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSelected patients with large vessel occlusions (LVO) can benefit from thrombectomy up to 24 hours after onset. Identifying patients who might benefit from late intervention after transfer from community hospitals to thrombectomy-capable centers would be valuable. We searched for presentation biomarkers to identify such patients. Frequent MR imaging over 2 days of 38 untreated LVO patients revealed logarithmic growth of the ischemic infarct core. In 24 patients with terminal internal carotid artery or the proximal middle cerebral artery occlusions we found that an infarct core growth rate (IGR) <4.1 ml/hr and initial infarct core volumes (ICV) <19.9 ml had accuracies >89% for identifying patients who would still have a core of <50ml 24 hours after stroke onset, a core size that should predict favorable outcomes with thrombectomy. Published reports indicate that up to half of all LVO stroke patients have an IGR<4.1 ml/hr. Other potentially useful biomarkers include the NIHSS and the perfusion measurements MTT and Tmax. We conclude that many LVO patients have a stroke physiology that is favorable for late intervention, and that there are biomarkers that can accurately identify them at early time points as suitable for transfer for intervention.
H7N6 Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza outbreak in commercial turkey farms in Chile caused by a native South American Lineage
Authors: Mathieu C. , Gonzalez A. , Garcia A. , Johow M. , Badia C. , Jara C. , Nuñez P. , Neira V. , Montiel N.A. , Killian M.L. , Brito B.P. 
Published: January 2019

SUMMARYIn December of 2016, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) caused by an H7N6 subtype was confirmed in a grow-out turkey farm located in Valparaiso Region, Chile. Depopulation of exposed animals, zoning, animal movement control and active surveillance were implemented to contain the outbreak. Two weeks later, a second turkey grow-out farm located 70 km north of the first site was also infected by H7N6 LPAI, which subsequently spilled over to one backyard poultry flock. The virus involved in the outbreak shared a close genetic relationship with viruses collected from Chilean aquatic birds’ viruses. The A/turkey/Chile/2017(H7N6) LPAI virus belonged to a native South American lineage. Based on the H7 and most of the internal genes phylogenies, these viruses were also closely related to the viruses that caused a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Chile in 2002. Results from this study help understand the regional dynamics of influenza outbreaks, highlighting the importance of local native viruses circulating in the natural reservoir hosts.
Prescribing of different antibiotics, rates of bacteremia/septicemia and associated mortality in the US and England, and the utility of antibiotic replacement vs. reduction in prescribing
Authors: Goldstein Edward 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic use contributes to the rates of bacteremia, sepsis and associated mortality, particularly through lack of clearance of resistant infections following antibiotic treatment. At the same time, there is limited information on the effects of prescribing of some antibiotics vs. others, of antibiotic replacement and of reduction in prescribing on the rates of severe outcomes associated with bacterial infections.MethodsFor each of several antibiotic types/classes, we looked at associations (univariate, and multivariable for the US data) between the proportions (state-specific in the US, Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG)-specific in England) of a given antibiotic type/class among all prescribed antibiotics in the outpatient setting, and rates of outcomes (mortality with septicemia, ICD-10 codes A40-41 present on the death certificate in different age groups of adults in the US, andE. colior MSSA bacteremia in England) per unit of antibiotic prescribing (defined as the rate of outcome divided by the rate of prescribing of all antibiotics).ResultsIn the US, prescribing of penicillins was positively associated with rates of mortality with septicemia for persons aged 75-84y and 85+y between 2014-2015, while multivariable analyses also suggest an association between the percent of individuals aged 50-64y lacking health insurance, as well as the percent of individuals aged 65-84y who are African-American and rates of mortality with septicemia. In England, prescribing of penicillins other than amoxicillin/co-amoxiclav was positively associated with rates of both MSSA andE. colibacteremia for the period between financial years 2014/15 through 2017/18. Additionally, as time progressed, correlations between prescribing for both trimethoprim and co-amoxiclav and rates of bacteremia in England decreased, while correlations between amoxicillin prescribing and rates of bacteremia increased.ConclusionsOur results suggest that prescribing of penicillins is associated with rates ofE. coliand MSSA bacteremia in England, and rates of mortality with septicemia in older US adults, which agrees with our earlier findings. Those results, as well as the related epidemiological data suggest that antibiotic replacement rather than reduction in prescribing may be the more effective mechanism for reducing the rates of severe bacterial infections.
Dietary intake and diet quality of Swiss adult survivors of childhood cancer compared to the general population
Authors: Belle Fabiën N. , Chatelan Angeline , Kasteler Rahel , Guessous Idris , Beck Popovic Maja , Ansari Marc , Kuehni Claudia E. , Bochud Murielle ,   for the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG)
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are at increased risk of developing chronic health conditions, which may be reduced by following a healthy lifestyle including a good diet.ObjectivesThis study compared the dietary intake and quality of CCSs and the general population.DesignAs part of the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we sent a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to CCSs who had a median age of 34 years (IQR: 29-40 years) and a median of 26 years (20-31 years) postdiagnosis at the time of survey. We compared dietary intake and quality of CCSs and three comparison groups representing the general adult population using FFQ and 24h recall data (24HDR). We evaluated whether mean individual intake met national dietary recommendations and used the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) to estimate diet quality.ResultsThe 774 CCSs in our study were compared to 8964 participants in the Bus Santé study, 1276 participants in the CoLaus study, and 1134 participants in the Swiss National Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was equally poor in CCSs and the general Swiss population. CCSs consumed inadequate amounts of vitamin D, fiber, carbohydrates, iron, vitamin A, and calcium (12%, 41%, 72%, 72%, 79%, and 89% of the recommended intakes, respectively), and excessive amounts of saturated fat, protein, cholesterol, and total fat (137%, 126%, 114%, and 107% of the recommended intakes). The mean AHEI score in CCSs was low at 48.0 (men: 45.0, women: 50.9) out of a maximum score of 100. The general population, assessed by 24HDR, scored lower overall than CCSs (41.5; men: 38.7, women: 43.8). Clinical characteristics were not associated with diet quality in CCSs.ConclusionLong-term CCSs and the general adult population have similarly poor dietary intake and quality in Switzerland, which suggests population-based interventions for everyone.
Elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels concomitant with normal alanine aminotransferase levels in older low body weight people: Preliminary findings from a community-based epidemiological study
Authors: Shibata Michi , Nakajima Kei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSerum enzyme levels, including hepatic transaminase, are unknown in older people with low body weight (LBW), who can easily experience sarcopenia. Therefore, we addressed preliminarily this issue in a cross-sectional study of an apparently healthy population.MethodsWe investigated the relationship of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total bilirubin levels with body mass index (BMI) and age in 79,623 subjects aged 20–80 years who underwent an annual checkup.ResultsSerum levels of AST, ALP, and LDH levels were significantly higher in older (≥50 years) non-obese subjects compared with younger (< 50 years) corresponding subjects. Serum AST levels were significantly higher in older LBW subjects (BMI≤18.9 kg/m2) than in those with a reference BMI of 20.9–22.9 kg/m2. Serum AST levels showed a J-shaped curve against BMI, whereas ALT and GGT levels showed a linear relationship, regardless of age.ConclusionElevated serum AST levels concomitant with normal ALT levels, which might reflect systemic damage of skeletal muscle, may be prevalent in older LBW people. Further studies need to determine whether such a condition is equivalent to the etiology of sarcopenia.