bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibetan High and Upper Tropospheric Tropical Circulations during Northern Summer
Authors: Krishnamurti T. N. , Daggupaty S. M. , Fein Jay , Kanamitsu Masao , Lee John D. 
Published: April 2018

The zonally asymmetric climatology of the tropical large-scale motion field is an interesting GARP topic. Understanding of the maintenance of various quasi-stationary features will be a challenging problem during the FGGE (the First GARP Global Experiment) and Monex (the Monsoon Experiment). In this paper we present some current thoughts that are relevant to the climatology of the tropical upper troposphere during the northern summer.
A review of some of the results from various numerical general circulation models and theoretical studies is presented for northern summer conditions. The relative success or failure of simulations of 200-mb climatology is discussed. It is pointed out that a proper simulation of the belt of anticyclones over the Asian highlands is somewhat crucial for a proper simulation of the summer climatology over the rest of the tropics.
Observations of the semipermanence of the Tibetan high pressure cell during northern summer at 200 mb suggests that it acts somewhat like a barrier. In order to illustrate this we consider a problem related to the evolution of barotropic non-divergent flows past a barrier. The flows are initially zonal, with speeds varying in the north-south direction according to northern summer observations. The barrier, whose shape is based on observations of a blocking thermal high, is impulsively introduced at initial time. The flows are kept zonal at frictionless walls at 25S and 45N. The initial north-south distribution of the zonal flows is shown to have no inflection point in its profile, thus it does not satisfy the necessary condition for barotropic instability. The presence of an impulsively introduced barrier, however, results in the evolution of transient as well as steady wave motions in long term numerical integrations. It is shown that a 30-day mean motion field contains many of the well known climatological features such as the African high, the mid-Atlantic trough, the mid-Pacific trough, the Mexican high and a weak easterly jet south of the Tibetan high. Calculations of kinetic energy exchanges between waves and zonal flow in this simple experiment is compared with corresponding calculations for tropical observations and recent general circulation experiments carried out by Abbott. The impulsively introduced barrier simulates an energy source for zonal wavenumber 1, quite similar to observations in a tropical belt. Although this experiment is fairly crude, it is found to be very illustrative in many respects. Many diverse experiments along these lines can be carried out to reveal various aspects of atmospheric circulations.
Review of Satellite Rainfall Estimation Methods
Authors: Martin David W. , Scherer Wolfgang D. 
Published: April 2018

This paper grew out of two ad hoc conferences held last year to discuss the problem of estimating precipitation from satellite data. Although developments in an area as new as this are rapid, there was sufficient interest in the problem, progress towards a solution, and ignorance of the work of others to warrant drawing the conference summaries together in a review paper of wider circulation and general interest.
Our purpose is to examine, from the perspective of GATE rainfall requirements, methodologies in use and under development for the estimation of rainfall from satellite visible and infrared images. As an introduction to critical descriptions of each method, we touch upon the uses of rainfall observations in GATE, the advantages of satellite monitoring, and the purposes of the two conferences held to date. A discussion of calibration and accuracy requirements, including ground truth and accuracies for GATE, is followed by descriptions of two field programs—one completed, the other planned—which have provided and should provide excellent “ground truth” data. We conclude with a discussion of remaining problems and recommendations for observations in GATE.
Governmentality, activism and representation: Dalit studies, a review essay
Authors: Rawat Ramnarayan S. 
Published: April 2018

Rupa Viswanath, The Pariah Problem: Caste, Religion, and the Social in Modern India, New York: Columbia University Press, 2014, pp. 416. P. Sanal Mohan, Modernity of Slavery: Struggles against Caste Inequality in Colonial Kerala, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2015, 368 pp. Charu Gupta, The Gender of Caste: Representing Dalits in Print, Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2016, 352 pp.
Book review: Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, The Defining Moments in Bengal: 1920–1947, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, The Colonial State: Theory and Practice and Sabyasachi Bhattacharya and Rana P. Behal, eds, The Vernacularization of Labour Politics
Authors: Farooqui Amar 
Published: April 2018

Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, The Defining Moments in Bengal: 1920–1947, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2014, 403 pp. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, The Colonial State: Theory and Practice, Delhi: Primus, 2016, 228 pp. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya and Rana P. Behal, eds, The Vernacularization of Labour Politics, Delhi: Tulika Books, 2016, 347 pp.
Semantic adaptation for FMI co-simulation with hierarchical simulators
Authors: Gomes Cláudio , Meyers Bart , Denil Joachim , Thule Casper , Lausdahl Kenneth , Vangheluwe Hans , De Meulenaere Paul 
Published: April 2018

Model-based design can shorten the development time of complex systems by the use of simulation techniques. However, it can be hard to simulate the system as a whole if it is developed in a concurrent fashion by multiple and specialized teams. Co-simulation, with the support of the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) Standard, is proposed as a way to promote tool interoperability while protecting the intellectual property of subsystems. The standard allows uniform communication between subsystem simulators, but does not state how the inputs and outputs should be interpreted, nor how the subsystems should interact correctly. Semantic adaptations can be quickly made to correct the interactions with subsystem simulators that were produced with different assumptions, and avoid changing those subsystems, their simulators, or the orchestration algorithm that computes the co-simulation. In this work, we explore how to describe common adaptations and what their meaning is in the context of FMI co-simulation. The result is a sound language that enables the implementation of adaptations with minimal effort. A distinct feature is that it describes adaptations for groups of interconnected subsystem simulators in the same way as for a single simulator, and the implementation is itself a simulator, thanks to a sound definition of hierarchical co-simulation. This work paves the way for research into the correct combination and interfacing of different adaptations.
Discrete-time sliding mode for building structure bidirectional active vibration control
Authors: Paul Satyam , Yu Wen , Li Xiaoou 
Published: April 2018

In terms of vibrations along bidirectional earthquake forces, several problems are faced when modelling and controlling the structure of a building, such as lateral-torsional vibration, uncertainties surrounding the rigidity and the difficulty of estimating damping forces. In this paper, we use a fuzzy logic model to identify and compensate the uncertainty which does not require an exact model of the building structure. To attenuate bidirectional vibration, a novel discrete-time sliding mode control is proposed. This sliding mode control has time-varying gain and is combined with fuzzy sliding mode control in order to reduce the chattering of the sliding mode control. We prove that the closed-loop system is uniformly stable using Lyapunov stability analysis. We compare our fuzzy sliding mode control with the traditional controllers: proportional–integral–derivative and sliding mode control. Experimental results show significant vibration attenuation with our fuzzy sliding mode control and horizontal-torsional actuators. The proposed control system is the most efficient at mitigating bidirectional and torsional vibrations.
Optical Tracking of Superficial Dynamics from an Acoustic Radiation Force-Induced Excitation
Authors: Bouchard Richard R. , Van Soest Gijs , Trahey Gregg E. , Van Der Steen Anton F.W. 
Published: April 2018

Acoustic radiation force (ARF) has become a common excitation mechanism in elasticity imaging. The high acoustic intensities and subsequent generation of harmonics, however, hamper the effectiveness of using conventional radiofrequency (rf) tracking to investigate the dynamics of tissues and catheter-based transducers, especially during the excitation. Optical tracking, on the other hand, does not utilize acoustic echo and thus is not affected by ARF-generated interference. Additionally, it is able to track equally well in two dimensions, something that rf tracking is unable to do. Despite the inherent near-field scattering that will likely preclude optical (i.e., visible spectrum) tracking from supplanting current ultrasound-based methods in a clinical setting, it could offer valuable new tools in the pursuit of a better understanding of ARF-induced dynamic responses. We utilized an optically-based method to track the dynamic response resulting from an ARF-induced excitation on the surface of a tissue-mimicking phantom and on an unbounded catheter. These tracking data were then compared to tracking data obtained from the conventional rf tracking method. Both impulsive and harmonic (i.e., amplitude-modulated) excitations were investigated. In general, there was good agreement between the conventional (i.e., ultrasound-based) and optically-based tracking methods. Disparities between displacement estimates from the two tracking methods is thought to be a result of the finite length of the tracking marker, which was assumed to move as an infinitesimal point, and aberration of reflected light due to surface waves. Given the reasonable agreement seen for the harmonic and impulsive excitation cases, an optical tracking method could be insightful in future investigations of tissue/transducer response to ARF-induced excitations in controlled experimental settings.
Peripheral Vestibular Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Concussion
Authors: Brodsky Jacob R. , Shoshany Talia N. , Lipson Sophie , Zhou Guangwei 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo review peripheral vestibular disorders in pediatric patients with dizziness following concussion.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingPediatric vestibular clinic and pediatric multidisciplinary concussion clinic at a tertiary level pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 109 patients seen for dizziness following a concussion between September 2012 and July 2015. Patients were ≤20 years of age at the time of concussion. Incidences of specific peripheral vestibular disorders were assessed along with timing of diagnosis relative to the date of injury, diagnostic test findings, and treatment interventions associated with those diagnoses.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients (25.7%) were diagnosed with peripheral vestibular disorders. None of these disorders were diagnosed prior to evaluation in our pediatric vestibular clinic or our multidisciplinary concussion clinic, which occurred a mean of 133 days (95% confidence interval, 89.2‐177.3) after injury. Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo was diagnosed in 19 patients, all of whom underwent successful canalith repositioning maneuvers. Other diagnoses included temporal bone fracture (n = 3), labyrinthine concussion (n = 2), perilymphatic fistula (n = 2), and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (n = 2). Both patients with perilymphatic fistula and 1 patient with superior semicircular canal dehiscence underwent successful surgical management, while 1 patient with superior semicircular canal dehiscence was managed nonsurgically.ConclusionPeripheral vestibular disorders may occur in pediatric patients with dizziness following concussion, but these disorders may not be recognized until symptoms have persisted for several weeks. An algorithm is proposed to guide the diagnosis and management of peripheral vestibular disorders in pediatric patients with concussion.
Reference Errors in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Literature
Authors: Armstrong Michael F. , Conduff Joseph H. , Fenton John E. , Coelho Daniel H. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveProper use of citation and quotation is crucial to the integrity of the medical literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of quotation and citation errors in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) journals and how they have changed over time.Study DesignLiterature review.MethodsFifty references were randomly selected from the first published issue of 2017 for 8 leading OHNS journals. These were analyzed for errors in citation (data elements by which the article is referenced) and quotation (factual inaccuracies of the reference). Citation errors were categorized as major, intermediate, or minor. Quotation errors were categorized as major or minor. Results were compared with data from 1997 articles.ResultsCitation errors occurred in 17% of all references studied, with 34% classified as major. Quotation errors occurred in 9%, with 69% classified as major. There was no association between journal impact factor and total number of errors (r = −0.33, P =. 42). This compares with a 37% citation error rate (32% major) and 17% quotation error rate (65% major) from 1997.ConclusionCitation and quotation errors are still prevalent in the OHNS literature albeit decreased from previously reported data. Improvement in citation errors may be due to technological improvements in reference management. However, it is the continued responsibility of the authors, reviewers, and editors to further reduce error rates to maintain the integrity of our publications.
Immune Alteration Associated with Exposure to Toxic Chemicals
Authors: Vojdani Aristo , Ghoneum Mamdooh , Brautbar Nachman 
Published: April 2018

Immunological abnormalities including lymphocyte subset, lymphocyte immune functional assays, chemical antibodies, and different markers for autoimmune response were examined in individuals exposed to a variety of chemicals in computer manufacturing plants. A comparison of 289 individuals exposed to chemicals to 120 controls revealed that exposed individuals had a significantly higher percentage with either increased or decreased T helper/T suppressor ratios. In addition, the individuals with abnormal T4/T8 ratios demonstrated significant elevation in chemical-hapten antibodies. Therefore, 87 exposed subjects with abnormal T4/T8 ratios were selected for further evaluation by lymphocyte phenotypic expression and T cell, B cell, NK activity, and autoimmune markers, and were compared to 60 controls. The comparison of exposed individuals with controls indicated elevation of T cell (CD3), B cell (CD19), and activated T cell (CDJO, CDJS, CD26, CD38), suppressed T cell and B cell function decreased or increased NK cell cytotoxic activity. Autoimmunity due to chemical exposure was evidenced by elevation of TAJ phenotype frequencies and presence of rheumatoid factor, immune complexes, ANA, and anti mye/in basic protein antibodies. We conclude that chemical exposure may induce immune abnormalities including immune suppression and autoimmunity.
Ganglioglioma, Epilepsy, and Intellectual Impairment due to Familial TSC1 Deletion
Authors: Gilboa Tal , Segel Reeval , Zeligson Sharon , Alterescu Gheona , Ben-Pazi Hilla 
Published: April 2018

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem disorder diagnosed by clinical criteria and/or genetic testing. Genetic testing reveals atypical phenotypes that have not met clinical criteria, with practical implications. Methods: We describe 4 family members with pathogenic partial deletion in TSC1 who individually did not meet tuberous sclerosis complex clinical criteria. Results: Family members had different and atypical findings of tuberous sclerosis complex. Although none of the family members fulfilled the clinical criteria for tuberous sclerosis complex, they all carried the same genomic deletion (9q34.13q34.2) that included part of the TSC1 gene. One member had ganglioglioma and intractable seizures, one sibling presented with seizures, developmental delay, and displayed white matter abnormalities; another sibling had no clinical manifestations but has cortical tuber. Their mother has facial angiofibroma, cortical tuber, and seizures during infancy. Conclusions: Ganglioglioma may be a phenotypic expression of TSC1. Genetic testing is recommended for infants with brain tumors, especially those with an abnormal familial history.
Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on mortality of neuropsychiatric lupus: a prospective, single-center study
Authors: Ahn G Y , Kim D , Won S , Song S T , Jeong H-J , Sohn I-W , Lee S , Joo Y B , Bae S-C 
Published: April 2018

Objective The objective of this paper is to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and impact on mortality of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Methods Patients from the Hanyang BAE lupus cohort were registered and followed from 1998 to 2015. NPSLE was defined using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) case definitions and Ainiala criteria. Demographics, autoantibodies, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinic (SLICC)/ACR Damage Index were collected at baseline and then annually. Mortality data were derived by linking data from the Korean National Statistics Office. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression analysis were conducted in the inception cohort to assess the risk factors and mortality impact of NPSLE. Results Of 1121 registered patients, 429 (38.3%) had NPSLE manifestations according to ACR criteria and 216 (19.3%) by Ainiala criteria. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher SLEDAI (OR 1.08, CI 1.01–1.16, p = 0.02) and antiphospholipid antibody positivity (OR 1.72, CI 1.03–2.87, p = 0.04) at SLE diagnosis increased NPSLE risk, while elevated anti-dsDNA antibodies (OR 0.43, CI 0.24–0.78, p < 0.01) and greater education duration (OR 0.92, CI 0.85–1.00, p = 0.04) showed reduced risk of NPSLE. Cox proportional hazard models demonstrated that presence of NPSLE had a three-fold increased risk of mortality (HR 3.09, CI 1.03–9.21, p = 0.04), especially in patients with focal CNS NPSLE (HR = 7.83, CI 2.12–28.96, p < 0.01). Conclusion Higher SLEDAI, antiphospholipid antibody positivity, absence of anti-dsDNA antibody at SLE diagnosis, and fewer years of education are risk factors for development of NPSLE. Presence of NPSLE, especially focal CNS NPSLE, increased the risk of mortality in SLE patients.
Citrulline Improves Early Post-Ischemic Recovery or Rat Hearts In Vitro by Shifting Arginine Metabolism From Polyamine to Nitric Oxide Formation
Authors: Heidorn Marc , Frodermann Tim , Böning Andreas , Schreckenberg Rolf , Schlüter Klaus-Dieter 
Published: April 2018

Background: Reperfusion or reopening of occluded vessels is the gold standard to terminate ischemia. However, early functional recovery after reperfusion is often low requiring inotropic intervention. Although catecholamines increase inotropy and chronotropy, they are not the best choice because they increase myocardial oxygen and substrate demand. As nitric oxide (NO) contributes to cardiac function, we tested the hypothesis that addition of citrulline during the onset of reperfusion improves post-ischemic recovery because citrulline can reenter arginine consumption of NO synthases (NOS) but not of arginases. Methods: Hearts from adult rats were used in this study, exposed to 45-minute global ischemia and subsequently reperfused for 180 minutes. Citrulline (100 µM) or arginine (100 µM) was added with reperfusion and remained in the perfusion buffer for 180 minutes. Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was used to antagonize NOS activity. Results: Citrulline increased load-free cell shortening of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes and improved left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) under normoxic conditions, indicating that citrulline can affect heart function. Ischemia/reperfusion caused a constitutive loss of function during 3 hours of reperfusion, whereas citrulline, but not arginine, improved the functional recovery during reperfusion. This effect was attenuated by co-administration of l-NAME. Although citrulline increased the formation of nitrite, l-NAME attenuated this effect indicating again a positive effect of citrulline on NO formation. Citrulline, but not arginine, increased the expression of arginase-1 (protein and mRNA) but l-NAME attenuated this effect again. Collectively, citrulline improved the post-ischemic recovery in an NO-dependent way. Conclusions: Citrulline, known to block arginase and to support NO formation, improves the early functional recovery of post-ischemic hearts and may be an alternative to catecholamines to improve early post-ischemic recovery.
Association of Compartmental Bone Bruise Distribution With Concomitant Intra-articular and Extra-articular Injuries in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears After Noncontact Sports Trauma
Authors: Aravindh Palaniswamy , Wu Tianyi , Chan Chloe Xiaoyun , Wong Keng Lin , Krishna Lingaraj 
Published: April 2018

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are frequently associated with bone bruises, and their presence may be associated with concomitant intra- and extra-articular injuries. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and pattern of distribution of bone bruises in patients with acute ACL tears from noncontact sports trauma and their association with specific intra- and extra-articular injuries. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 168 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 6 weeks of sustaining an ACL tear. Information regarding their demographics as well as MRI evidence of bone bruise patterns and associated injuries was carefully documented. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between bone bruises and concomitant intra- and extra-articular injuries seen on MRI. Results: Bone bruises were observed in 155 (92.3%) of 168 patients. The prevalence of bone bruises was 83.9%, 78.6%, 56.5%, and 29.8% on the lateral tibial plateau, lateral femoral condyle, medial tibial plateau, and medial femoral condyle, respectively. A total of 110 (65.5%) patients had bone bruises in both the medial and lateral compartments of the knee, 41 (24.4%) had isolated lateral compartment bone bruises, 4 (2.4%) had isolated medial compartment bone bruises, and 13 (7.7%) did not have any bone bruises. None of the demographic factors were significantly associated with the presence or absence of bone bruises. The presence of bone bruises was significantly associated with lateral meniscal injuries ( P = .05). Lateral compartment bone bruises were significantly associated with lateral meniscal injuries ( P = .034), while bone bruises affecting both the lateral and medial compartments were significantly associated with medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries ( P = .044) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries ( P = .038) in addition to lateral meniscal injuries ( P = .022). Conclusion: Bone bruises are common in patients with acute ACL tears after noncontact sports injuries. The compartmental distribution of bone bruises is associated with concomitant intra- and extra-articular injuries. Bone bruises involving the lateral compartment of the knee are associated with lateral meniscal injuries, while bone bruises involving both the lateral and medial compartments of the knee are associated with MCL and LCL injuries in addition to lateral meniscal injuries.