bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences and individual, household, and workplace characteristics: Regional geographies of extended working lives
Authors: Shelton Nicola , Head Jenny , Carr Ewan , Zaninotto Paola , Hagger‐Johnson Gareth , Murray Emily 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIncreasing labour market participation among older workers is embedded in government policy in the United Kingdom and many other industrialised countries with rises in the state pension age in response to increasing life expectancy. Despite this, many workers stop working before state pension age with around a 20% reduction in the proportion of adults in work between ages 50 and 60 in 2011 in England and Wales. This paper considers the risk of remaining in work by region and gender between 2001 and 2011 for adults aged 40–49 in 2001. Men had significantly higher risk of extended working in the East Midlands (1.4×) East of England (1.5×), South East (1.6×), and South West (1.6×) compared with the North East. Women in all regions apart from London and Wales had significantly higher risk of extended working compared with the North East: ranging from 1.15 times in the North West and West Midlands to 1.6 times in the South West. Adjustment for nonemployment‐related socio‐economic status, housing tenure, qualifications, and car ownership, and employment status in 2001 attenuated all significant regional differences in extended working in men and in women in most regions. Workplace characteristics attenuated most of the remaining regional differences in women: women working in larger employers in 2001 or working at distances of 200 km or more, abroad or from home, had lower risk of remaining in work, whereas access to a car and higher working hours increased risk. Policies to increase qualifications and skills among older adults are recommended.
The timing of cumulus cell removal for intracytoplasmic sperm injection influences the capability of embryonic development
Authors: Mizuno Satoshi , Ishikawa Yuko , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Sato Manabu , Ida Mamoru , Fukuda Aisaku , Morimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether the presence of intact cumulus cells during the preincubation period for ICSI should be considered as a critical factor in fertilization and embryonic development.MethodsThe cohort of this prospective randomized study was limited to infertile women younger than 39 years of age who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation for ICSI between October 2013 and May 2015 and whose embryos were to be incubated until day 5. Women with estradiol levels of <2000 pmol/L on the day of HCG injection were excluded. Cumulus cells were removed immediately after OPU in Group A and at 120 minutes after OPU in Group B. ICSI was performed with all mature oocytes, and fertilized oocytes were cultured to the blastocyst stage. Maturation, fertilization, blastocyst, good quality blastocyst, pregnancy, live birth, and miscarriage rates were compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences in maturation, fertilization, blastocyst, pregnancy, live birth, or miscarriage rates between Groups A and B. However, the percentage of good quality blastocysts was significantly higher in Group B than Group A (52.0% vs 33.1%).ConclusionsIntact cumulus cells should be maintained during the preincubation period, as they are important to embryonic development after fertilization.
Applying facilely synthesized CuO/CeO2 photocatalyst to accelerate methylene blue degradation in hypersaline wastewater
Authors: Li Zhendong , Liu Dongfang , Huang Wenli , Sun Yanmei , Li Songrong , Wei Xiaocheng 
Published: November 2018

Textile and dye effluents have strong color, unstable pH and COD, a lot of inorganic salt, and high biotoxicity. It is difficult and inefficient to remove dyes from high‐saline wastewater by traditional methods. In this study, a simple synthetic CuO/CeO2 photocatalyst is used to achieve high efficiency photodegradation of methylene blue in high salt wastewater. The p‐type CuO/n‐type CeO2 heterojunction photocatalyst is synthesized by a modified hydrothermal‐calcination method. The XRD and XPS reveal the successful synthesis of CuO/CeO2 composite. The SEM and TEM images show that the sample consists of large amounts of well‐dispersed CuO nanosphere loading on the CeO2 layers. DRS exhibits the absorption band (about 510 nm) and the band gap energy (2.43 eV) of the CuO/CeO2 composite. Compared with pure CuO, CeO2, and TiO2 (P25), the prepared CuO/CeO2 can increase the mineralization rate of MB by 18.19%~33.74%. More than 80% of MB can be effectively removed in the wastewater containing 5~80 g/L NaCl with a wide pH value range of 2.11~9.02, and the degradation processes follow the pseudofirst‐order reaction kinetics. Active species trapping experiments confirm that the degradation of methylene blue is mainly attributed to hydroxyl radical; besides, O2▪− and hole (h+) also play important roles. Chlorine ions have dual effects in photocatalytic reactions. This work could provide a new approach to construct new heterojunction photocatalysts and a deeper insight for the treatment of hypersaline dye wastewater.
Tribological properties of Ti‐doped diamond‐like carbon coatings under dry friction and PAO oil lubrication
Authors: Guo Youzhi , Guo Peng , Sun Lili , Li Xiaowei , Ke Peiling , Li Qiang , Wang Aiying 
Published: November 2018

Titanium‐doped diamond‐like carbon (Ti‐DLC) coatings with Ti concentration of 4 at.% (Ti4at.%‐DLC) and 27 at.% (Ti27at.%‐DLC) were prepared by a hybrid ion beam deposition system for comparison. The tribological behaviors of Ti‐DLC coatings under dry friction and boundary lubrication conditions were systematically investigated. Results showed that, under dry friction, the Ti4at.%‐DLC coating displayed lower friction coefficient (0.07) and wear rate due to the continuous transfer film formed in the sliding interface, while Ti27at.%‐DLC coating was worn out at initial stage due to severe abrasive wear. And under boundary lubrication, both the Ti4at.%‐DLC and Ti27at.%‐DLC coatings showed excellent tribological properties attributing to the formation of oil film between sliding interface. In particular, Ti27at.%‐DLC performed the lowest wear rate of 1.12 × 10−16 m3 N−1 m−1 in this friction case. In conclusion, compared with Ti27at.%‐DLC coating, Ti4at.%‐DLC coating exhibited better tribological performances both under dry friction and boundary lubrication. The present result provides guidance for the selection of DLC coatings according to the realistic environment of starved‐oil and rich‐oil conditions.
Efficient Conversion of Cellulose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in NaHSO4/ZrO2/H2O‐THF Biphasic System
Authors: Fang Xiaowei , Wang Ze , Yuan Bo , Song Wenli , Li Songgeng , Lin Weigang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important bio‐based platform chemical for liquid fuel production. Herein, efficient conversion of cellulose to HMF in NaHSO4/ZrO2/H2O‐THF biphasic system was investigated with a high HMF yield up to 86.5%. In the co‐catalytic system, H+ ions given from NaHSO4 was promotive to all steps of the cellulose‐to‐HMF conversion; abundant alkaline sites of ZrO2 was particularly favorable to the glucose‐to‐fructose isomerization. The accelerated conversion of glucose as well as the fast extraction of HMF from aqueous phase to tetrahydrofuran (THF) phase, favored the inhibition of humins which was generated from condensation between glucose and HMF. Only a trace amount of humins over ZrO2 was detected after reaction, which guaranteed the reusability of ZrO2 in six running experiments without any post‐treatment. The good reusability of ZrO2, the low ‐cost of NaHSO4, and the biomass‐derived THF were advantageous for potential industrial application.
Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryltriethoxysilanes and Diaryldiselenides ‐ A New Route for the Synthesis of Diarylselenides
Authors: Sahani Amber J. , Burange Anand S. , Narasimhan Swetha , Jayaram Radha V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present work reports, the new route for the synthesis of diarylselenides by coupling of aryltriethoxysilanes with diaryldiselenides. Various ligands were screened for the said coupling in presence of a copper salt. Cu(II)/bpy in DMSO showed excellent activity for the coupling of aryltriethoxysilanes with various diaryldiselenides. In the present work, no fluoride source was used for the activation of aryltriethoxysilanes and also a possible mechanism was proposed for the said reaction. Moreover, diaryldisuphides and diarylditellurides were also effectively coupled with aryltriethoxysilanes using proposed catalytic system. Importantly, use of non‐precious metal based catalytic system, makes the protocol interesting.
Green Synthesis of the Ag/Bentonite Nanocomposite UsingEuphorbia larica Extract: A Reusable Catalyst for Efficient Reduction of Nitro Compounds and Organic Dyes
Authors: Sajadi S. Mohammad , Kolo Kamal , Hamad Samir M. , Mahmud Sarbast. A. , Barzinjy Azeez A. , Hussein Sarbast M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring this study, a rapid and simple method is presented for the green synthesis of the Ag/bentonite nanocomposite using Euphorbia larica extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The average size of biosynthesized Ag nanoparticles (NPs) was estimated less than 32 nm. The catalytic activity of Ag/bentonite nanocomposite was investigated in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) and some organic dyes including Congo red (CR), Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB). According to the catalytic results, the biosynthesized Ag/bentonite nanocomposite can be used as an appropriate catalyst for an efficient, simple and economic strategy to degrade various organic dyes from wastewaters. Recyclability tests demonstrated catalyst stability and its capability in practical applications.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of the Functionalized Quinoxalines via α‐Aminocarbonyl Compounds with o‐Phenylenediamine
Authors: Pu Jinghong , Liu Xingxing , Luo Xinliang , Zhan Zhenzhen , Zhang Yixin , Huang Guosheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn expeditious one‐pot, metal‐free multicomponent synthesis of quinoxalines has been developed, from easily available starting materials as α‐aminocarbonyl compounds and o‐phenylenediamine instead of complex catalyst systems. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and displays excellent functional‐group tolerance. This method could be easily applied to many fields.
Development of Divide‐and‐Conquer Density‐Functional Tight‐Binding Method for Theoretical Research on Li‐Ion Battery
Authors: Chou Chien‐Pin , Sakti Aditya Wibawa , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe density‐functional tight‐binding (DFTB) method is one of the useful quantum chemical methods, which provides a good balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. In this account, we reviewed the basis of the DFTB method, the linear‐scaling divide‐and‐conquer (DC) technique, as well as the parameterization process. We also provide some refinement, modifications, and extension of the existing parameters that can be applicable for lithium‐ion battery systems. The diffusion constants of common electrolyte molecules and LiTFSA salt in solution have been estimated using DC‐DFTB molecular dynamics simulation with our new parameters. The resulting diffusion constants have good agreement to the experimental diffusion constants.
Environment and strain energy related micromechanics analysis for properties of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Gao Ming , Bian Lichun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the present study, a theoretical prediction of the effect of thermal environment on elastic properties of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is reported, and a molecular structural mechanics model is proposed in which the covalent bonds are traded as a truss. The influences of the temperature and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) on Young's modulus and shear modulus of both armchair and zigzag SWCNTs are investigated. When CTE is and remains constant, the surface Young's modulus and the normal Young's modulus are reduced, respectively, as compared with the normal temperature. With the change of CTE, its effect on the elastic constant is far greater than the temperature effect itself. According to the principle of elastic theory, a temperature‐dependent continuum shell model of strain energy is also established. The strain energy of single‐walled carbon nanotubes decreases with the increase of the temperature.
A fusion for the periodic Temperley-Lieb algebra and its continuum limit
Authors: Gainutdinov Azat M. , Jacobsen Jesper Lykke , Saleur Hubert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The equivalent of fusion in boundary conformal field theory (CFT) can be realized quite simply in the context of lattice models by essentially glueing two open spin chains. This has led to many developments, in particular in the context of chiral logarithmic CFT.
We consider in this paper a possible generalization of the idea to the case of bulk conformal field theory. This is of course considerably more difficult, since there is no obvious way of merging two closed spin chains into a big one. In an earlier paper, two of us had proposed a “topological” way of performing this operation in the case of models based on the affine Temperley-Lieb (ATL) algebra, by exploiting the associated braid group representation and skein relations. In the present work, we establish — using, in particular, Frobenius reciprocity — the resulting fusion rules for standard modules of ATL in the generic as well as partially degenerate cases. These fusion rules have a simple interpretation in the continuum limit. However, unlike in the chiral case this interpretation does not match the usual fusion in non-chiral CFTs. Rather, it corresponds to the glueing of the right moving component of one conformal field with the left moving component of the other.
Outcomes and emergency medical services resource utilization among patients with syncope arriving to the emergency department by ambulance
Authors: Yau Lawrence , Mukarram Muhammad A. , Kim Soo-Min , Arcot Kirtana , Thavorn Kednapa , Stiell Ian G. , Taljaard Monica , Rowe Brian H. , Sivilotti Marco L. A. , Thiruganasambandamoorthy Venkatesh 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveSyncope accounts for 1% of emergency department (ED) visits, yet few experience a serious adverse event (SAE). Two-thirds of syncope patients are transported to the ED by ambulance, placing considerable burden on emergency medical services (EMS), and many of these transports may be unnecessary. We estimated the proportion of syncope patients who fell into a low-risk category based on an ED diagnosis of vasovagal syncope and the absence of EMS intervention, hospitalization, or SAE.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study enrolling adult syncope patients transported to the ED by ambulance over 13 months. We collected demographics and EMS interventions, and followed patients for 30 days to identify all SAE, including death, dysrhythmia, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, subarachnoid hemorrhage, significant hemorrhage, and related procedural interventions.ResultsOf 990 (67.2%) patients transported to the ED by ambulance, 121 had EMS interventions, 137 suffered 30-day SAE, 393 (39.7%; 95%CI 36.6, 42.8) were deemed low risk, 41 patients with vasovagal syncope were lost to follow-up, and 298 patients were diagnosed with non-vasovagal syncope. During transport, 121 (12.2%; 95%CI 10.2, 14.3) patients underwent some EMS intervention, and 137 (14.6%; 95%CI 12.4, 16.9) suffered SAEs within 30 days.ConclusionAbout 40% of patients transported to the ED by ambulance are at low risk and may not benefit from paramedic care or transport to a hospital. A robust clinical decision tool would help identify patients safe for treat-and-release, diversion to alternative care, or rapid offload into low-acuity ED areas, potentially reducing EMS workload and cost.
Female Immigration to ISIS: Unlocking Motives to Turn the Tide
Authors: Zafar Aniq 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis essay presents the analysis, approach and understanding of the underlying reasons why
females join the “Islamic State in Iraq and Syria” (ISIS), accept its rules and impositions,
play an active role in it, and often actively recruit other women to join ISIS as perceived
by an experienced and savvy communications expert and professional who also took active part
in anti-terrorism campaigns in Pakistan. Previously he was a journalist who gained a deep
understanding of the political and policy-making dynamics in his country. Especially
valuable is the section on the “Way Forward”; that is, how to effectively tackle the
recruitment campaign and methodology of ISIS.
Women’s Role in Recruitment for ISIS/Islamist Networks in
Pakistan
Authors: Gul Imtiaz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHistorically, women in Pakistan’s northwestern territories bordering Afghanistan have
played a critical role in providing money and men to jihadist organizations such as the
Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and “Islamic State in Iraq and Syria” (ISIS). Lack of education, too
little exposure and a male-dominated conservative milieu constitute some of the ingredients
of support for these outfits. This was true for over three decades and the phenomenon
remained restricted to the rural, backward northwestern regions. But since the early 1990s,
outfits such as the Al-Hudda Foundation – an exclusively women-focused organization – began
serving as the initial hooks for middle- and upper-class women whom the Foundation targets.
It brainwashes women into using hijab, and also into believing that they
need to forge an alliance against the West and work for an Islamic, Sharia-based state. This
advocacy turns many affluent women into religious radicals who can potentially work as the
first line of recruits for extremist outfits like Daesh/IS. However small their numbers,
these women represent a big threat to the global liberal values of society.
An optimized method to calculate the geodetic mass balance of mountain glaciers
Authors: BASANTES-SERRANO RUBÉN , RABATEL ANTOINE , VINCENT CHRISTIAN , SIRGUEY PASCAL 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the effects of climate on glaciers requires precise estimates of ice volume change over several decades. This is achieved by the geodetic mass balance computed by two means: (1) the digital elevation model (DEM) comparison (SeqDEM) allows measurements over the entire glacier, however the low contrast over glacierized areas is an issue for the DEM generation through the photogrammetric techniques and (2) the profiling method (SePM) is a faster alternative but fails to capture the spatial variability of elevation changes. We present a new framework (SSD) that relies upon the spatial variability of the elevation change to densify a sampling network to optimize the surface-elevation change quantification. Our method was tested in two small glaciers over different periods. We conclude that the SePM overestimates the elevation change by ~20% with a mean difference of ~1.00 m (root mean square error (RMSE) = ~3.00 m) compared with results from the SeqDEM method. A variogram analysis of the elevation changes showed a mean difference of <0.10 m (RMSE = ~2.40 m) with SSD approach. A final assessment on the largest glacier in the French Alps confirms the high potential of our method to compute the geodetic mass balance, without going through the generation of a full-density DEM, but with a similar accuracy than the SeqDEM approach.
Challenging cross-linguistic typology: Right-edge consonantal prominence in Kaqchikel
Authors: NASUKAWA KUNIYA , BACKLEY PHILLIP , YASUGI YOSHIHO , KOIZUMI MASATOSHI 
Published: November 2018

It is known that consonants can act as boundary markers when they are located at the left edge of a prosodic domain, helping listeners to parse incoming speech. To achieve maximum efficiency in marking out boundaries, those markers should be acoustically salient. In Element Theory, domain markers are represented by the elements |H| and |ʔ|. Being inherently voiceless, these elements stand apart from the other elements, which are spontaneously voiced. Most languages show a preference for incorporating |H| or |ʔ| into segmental structures which stand at the left edge of domains. This paper challenges the universality of this view by analysing data from Kaqchikel, a K’iche’an language with a bias for marking the right edge of domains rather than the left. The marker in question is intense/prolonged noise which, in Element Theory is represented by |H|. The |H| element is present in fortis fricatives and aspirates, and in Kaqchikel it regularly appears in segments at the right edge of prosodic domains where it serves as a domain boundary marker. Boundary marking in Kaqchikel is analysed here using a Precedence-free Phonology approach to melodic structure (Nasukawa 2016) in which the linear ordering of segments is determined by the hierarchical organization of melodic units (elements) within a unified melodic–prosodic structure.
Constructing cartographic authority: the conceptualization and mapping of urban spaces in Edinburgh, c. 1880 – c. 1920
Authors: FEINTUCK ANNA 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThis article examines how, in the production and use of cartographic items, urban space and local knowledge were brought together to construct authoritative representations of place. Its approach is twofold. The first half of the article is an examination of the mapmakers John Bartholomew & Co.’s changing premises across Edinburgh, which shows that the firm carefully curated their business properties in order to convey credibility and gain trust. The article then introduces the London-based firm Charles E. Goad Ltd, producers of fire insurance plans, and considers their acquisition of urban information and their use of local knowledge from a distance to achieve similar aims. Both cases illustrate the importance of close attention to geography and the spatial dimensions of knowledge construction.