bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National survey of patch testing in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland: what proportion of the population is and should be tested?
Authors: Bhoyrul Bevin , Keegan Samantha , Mughal Avad 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundAn initial study of patch testing practices across Wales, United Kingdom, showed wide variation in practice against a standardized set of guidelines and best practice recommendations.ObjectivesTo evaluate (i) current patch testing practice on a national level in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (ROI), (ii) compliance with the current published guidelines, and (iii) the proportion of the catchment population tested by patch testing centres.MethodsIn consultation with the British Association of Dermatologists and British Society for Cutaneous Allergy, proformas addressing clinical guidelines and best practice recommendations were sent to all dermatology units in the United Kingdom and ROI.ResultsNinety one of 325 centres (28%) performed patch testing. The optimum proportion of annual tests was not being achieved in the United Kingdom and ROI. The range tested varied between 1:1200 and 1:1600.ConclusionsMost centres achieved a high level of best practice outcomes. Shortcomings were found in the recording of minimum data, benchmarking, and attendance at meetings. We suggest that the findings of this study should be used as evidence to help improve services locally.
Diabetes UK evidence‐based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes
Authors: Dyson P. A. , Twenefour D. , Breen C. , Duncan A. , Elvin E. , Goff L. , Hill A. , Kalsi P. , Marsland N. , McArdle P. , Mellor D. , Oliver L. , Watson K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA summary of the latest evidence‐based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes is presented. These guidelines are based on existing recommendations last published in 2011, and were formulated by an expert panel of specialist dietitians after a literature review of recent evidence. Recommendations have been made in terms of foods rather than nutrients wherever possible. Guidelines for education and care delivery, prevention of Type 2 diabetes, glycaemic control for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk management, management of diabetes‐related complications, other considerations including comorbidities, nutrition support, pregnancy and lactation, eating disorders, micronutrients, food supplements, functional foods, commercial diabetic foods and nutritive and non‐nutritive sweeteners are included. The sections on pregnancy and prevention of Type 2 diabetes have been enlarged and the weight management section modified to include considerations of remission of Type 2 diabetes. A section evaluating detailed considerations in ethnic minorities has been included as a new topic. The guidelines were graded using adapted ‘GRADE’ methodology and, where strong evidence was lacking, grading was not allocated. These 2018 guidelines emphasize a flexible, individualized approach to diabetes management and weight loss and highlight the emerging evidence for remission of Type 2 diabetes. The full guideline document is available at www.diabetes.org.uk/nutrition-guidelines.
Healthcare resource utilisation associated with skeletal‐related events in European patients with multiple myeloma: Results from a prospective, multinational, observational study
Authors: Ashcroft John , Duran Ignacio , Hoefeler Herbert , Lorusso Vito , Lueftner Diana , Campioni Marco , Intorcia Michele , Bahl Amit 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) often experience debilitating skeletal‐related events (SREs: pathologic fracture, radiation to bone [RB], surgery to bone [SB] or spinal cord compression [SCC]). This is the first comprehensive, prospective, observational analysis of healthcare resource utilisation (HRU), independently attributed to SREs by investigators, in patients with MM.MethodsEligible patients had lytic bone lesions, life expectancy ≥6 months, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2 and ≥1 SRE in the 97 days before enrolment. Data were collected retrospectively for 97 days before enrolment and prospectively for 18‐21 months.ResultsAltogether, 153 patients were enrolled from Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. Of the 281 observed SREs, 36.7% required inpatient stays (mean duration: 20.6 days per SRE [standard deviation (SD): 22.9]). SB and SCC were the SREs most likely to require stays (72.3% and 50.0% of SREs, respectively); SCC required the longest mean (SD) stay per event (40.5 [40.8] days). Overall, 179 SREs required outpatient visits; this was most likely for RB (74.8%) and least likely for non‐vertebral fracture (50.0%).ConclusionsAll SREs were associated with substantial HRU; therefore, preventing SREs in MM will reduce the economic and resource burden on healthcare systems.
Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over lower limb primary motor cortex on motor learning in healthy individuals
Authors: Foerster Águida , Dutta Anirban , Kuo Min‐Fang , Paulus Walter , Nitsche Michael A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique which alters motor functions in healthy humans and in neurological patients. Most studies so far investigated the effects of tDCS on mechanisms underlying improvements in upper limb performance. To investigate the effect of anodal tDCS over the lower limb motor cortex (M1) on lower limb motor learning in healthy volunteers, we conducted a randomized, single‐blind and sham‐controlled study. Thirty‐three (25.81 ± 3.85, 14 female) volunteers were included, and received anodal or sham tDCS over the left M1 (M1‐tDCS); 0.0625 mA/cm2 anodal tDCS was applied for 15 min during performance of a visuo‐motor task (VMT) with the right leg. Motor learning was monitored for performance speed and accuracy based on electromyographic recordings. We also investigated the influence of electrode size and baseline responsivity to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the stimulation effects. Relative to baseline measures, only M1‐tDCS applied with small electrodes and in volunteers with high baseline sensitivity to TMS significantly improved VMT performance. The computational analysis showed that the small anode was more specific to the targeted leg motor cortex volume when compared to the large anode. We conclude that anodal M1‐tDCS modulates VMT performance in healthy subjects. As these effects critically depend on sensitivity to TMS and electrode size, future studies should investigate the effects of intensified tDCS and/or model‐based different electrode positions in low‐sensitivity TMS individuals.
T1‐ or T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging: what is the best choice to evaluate atrophy of the hippocampus?
Authors: Fischbach‐Boulanger C. , Fitsiori A. , Noblet V. , Baloglu S. , Oesterle H. , Draghici S. , Philippi N. , Duron E. , Hanon O. , Dietemann J.‐L. , Blanc F. , Kremer S. 
Published: February 2018

Background and purposeMagnetic resonance imaging is part of the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the evaluation of hippocampal atrophy. The objective of this study was to evaluate which sequence of T1‐weighted (T1WI) and T2‐weighted (T2WI) imaging allowed the best visual evaluation of hippocampal atrophy.MethodsVisual qualitative ratings of the hippocampus of 100 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 50 patients with AD were made independently by four operators according to the medial temporal lobe atrophy score based either on T1WI or T2WI. These two evaluations were compared in terms of interobserver reproducibility, concordance with a quantitative volumetric measure, discrimination power between AD and MCI groups, and correlation with several neuropsychological tests.ResultsThe medial temporal lobe atrophy score evaluated on either T1WI or T2WI exhibited similar interobserver variability and accordance with quantitative volumetric evaluation. However, the visual evaluation on T2WI seemed to provide better discrimination power between AD and MCI groups for both left (T1WI, P = 0.0001; T2WI, P = 7.072 × 10−5) and right (T1WI, P = 0.008; T2WI, P = 0.001) hippocampus, and a higher overall correlation with neuropsychological tests.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that T2WI provides a more adequate visual rating of hippocampal atrophy.
Cover crops mitigate direct greenhouse gases balance but reduce drainage under climate change scenarios in temperate climate with dry summers
Authors: Tribouillois Hélène , Constantin Julie , Justes Eric 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCover crops provide ecosystem services such as storing atmospheric carbon in soils after incorporation of their residues. Cover crops also influence soil water balance, which can be an issue in temperate climates with dry summers as for example in southern France and Europe. As a consequence, it is necessary to understand cover crops' long‐term influence on greenhouse gases (GHG) and water balances to assess their potential to mitigate climate change in arable cropping systems. We used the previously calibrated and validated soil–crop model STICS to simulate scenarios of cover crop introduction to assess their influence on rainfed and irrigated cropping systems and crop rotations distributed among five contrasted sites in southern France from 2007 to 2052. Our results showed that cover crops can improve mean direct GHG balance by 315 kg CO2e ha−1 year−1 in the long term compared to that of bare soil. This was due mainly to an increase in carbon storage in the soil despite a slight increase in N2O emissions which can be compensated by adapting fertilization. Cover crops also influence the water balance by reducing mean annual drainage by 20 mm/year but increasing mean annual evapotranspiration by 20 mm/year compared to those of bare soil. Using cover crops to improve the GHG balance may help to mitigate climate change by decreasing CO2e emitted in cropping systems which can represent a decrease from 4.5% to 9% of annual GHG emissions of the French agriculture and forestry sector. However, if not well managed, they also could create water management issues in watersheds with shallow groundwater. Relationships between cover crop biomass and its influence on several variables such as drainage, carbon sequestration, and GHG emissions could be used to extend our results to other conditions to assess the cover crops' influence in a wider range of areas.
HIV: ageing, cognition and neuroimaging at 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Haynes BI , Pitkanen M , Kulasegaram R , Casey SJ , Schutte M , Towgood K , Peters B , Barker GJ , Kopelman MD 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis of accelerated cognitive ageing in HIV‐positive individuals using longitudinal assessment of cognitive performance and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWe assessed a broad cognitive battery and quantitative MRI metrics [voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)] in asymptomatic HIV‐positive men who have sex with men (15 aged 20–40 years and 15 aged ≥ 50 years), and HIV‐seronegative matched controls (nine aged 20–40 years and 16 aged ≥ 50 years).ResultsBeing HIV positive was associated with greater decreases in executive function and global cognition. Additionally, using DTI, we found that the HIV‐positive group had a greater increase in mean diffusivity, but we did not find group differences in volume change using VBM. With respect to the HIV status by age group interaction, this was statistically significant for change in global cognition, with older HIV‐positive individuals showing greater global cognitive decline, but there were no significant interaction effects on other measures. Lastly, change in cognitive performance was correlated with change in the DTI measures, and this effect was stronger for the HIV‐positive participants.ConclusionsIn the present study, we found some evidence for accelerated ageing in HIV‐positive individuals, with a statistically significant HIV status by age group interaction in global cognition, although this interaction could not be explained by the imaging findings. Moreover, we also found that change in cognitive performance was correlated with change in the DTI measures, and this effect was stronger for the HIV‐positive participants. This will need replication in larger studies using a similarly lengthy follow‐up period.
Preceptors’ perspectives of an integrated clinical learning model in a mental health environment
Authors: Boardman Gayelene , Lawrence Karen , Polacsek Meg 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSupervised clinical practice is an essential component of undergraduate nursing students’ learning and development. In the mental health setting, nursing students traditionally undertake four‐week block placements. An integrated clinical learning model, where preceptors mentor students on an individual basis, has been used successfully in the clinical learning environment. This flexible model provides the opportunity for students to work across morning, afternoon, night and weekend shifts. There is a need to improve the evidence base for a flexible model for students undertaking a mental health placement. The aim of this study was to understand preceptors’ experience of, and satisfaction with, a mental health integrated clinical learning model. Focus groups were used to elicit the views of preceptors from a mental health service. Findings highlight the advantages and disadvantages of an integrated clinical learning model in the mental health setting. Participants suggested that students may benefit from flexible work arrangements, a variety of experiences and a more realistic experience of working in a mental health service. However, they found it challenging to mentor and evaluate students under this model. Most also agreed that the model impeded students’ ability to engage with consumers and develop rapport with staff. The findings indicate the need to develop a placement model that meets the unique needs of the mental health setting.
Nursing Intensive‐Care Satisfaction Scale [NICSS]: Development and validation of a patient‐centred instrument
Authors: Romero‐García Marta , de la Cueva‐Ariza Laura , Benito‐Aracil Llucia , Lluch‐Canut Teresa , Trujols‐Albet Joan , Martínez‐Momblan Maria Antonia , Juvé‐Udina Maria‐Eulàlia , Delgado‐Hito Pilar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to develop and validate the Nursing Intensive‐Care Satisfaction Scale to measures satisfaction with nursing care from the critical care patient's perspective.BackgroundInstruments that measure satisfaction with nursing cares have been designed and validated without taking the patient's perspective into consideration. Despite the benefits and advances in measuring satisfaction with nursing care, none instrument is specifically designed to assess satisfaction in intensive care units.DesignInstrument development.MethodsThe population were all discharged patients (January 2013 ‐ January 2015) from three Intensive Care Units of a third level hospital (N = 200). All assessment instruments were given to discharged patients and 48 hours later, to analyse the temporal stability, only the questionnaire was given again. The validation process of the scale included the analysis of internal consistency, temporal stability; validity of construct through a confirmatory factor analysis; and criterion validity.ResultsReliability was 0.95. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.83 indicating a good temporal stability. Construct validity showed an acceptable fit and factorial structure with four factors, in accordance with the theoretical model, being Consequences factor the best correlated with other factors. Criterion validity, presented a correlation between low and high (range: 0.42‐0.68).ConclusionsThe scale has been designed and validated incorporating the perspective of critical care patients. Thanks to its reliability and validity, this questionnaire can be used both in research and in clinical practice. The scale offers a possibility to assess and develop interventions to improve patient satisfaction with nursing care.
Differential vocational rehabilitation service patterns and outcomes for transition‐age youth with autism
Authors: Kaya Cahit , Hanley‐Maxwell Cheryl , Chan Fong , Tansey Timothy 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundIt is important to investigate receipt of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services, service patterns and outcomes for youth with autism, so that limited public resources can be used more efficiently.MethodThis study used chi‐squared automatic interaction detector, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate relationships between demographic variables, receipt of VR services and employment outcomes for transition‐age youth (TAY) with Autism.ResultsThe results indicate that gender, education level and cash benefits are significant predictors of employment outcomes. After controlling for the effect of demographic variables, several VR services (i.e., job placement, on‐the‐job support, on‐the‐job training, maintenance, other services, information referral, and diagnostic and treatment services) were significantly associated with competitive employment.ConclusionsOverall, the results indicate that job‐related services were significantly related to employment outcomes for TAY with Autism; therefore, it is important these youths are provided with more targeted job placements and supported employment services (Wehman et al., ).
Secukinumab demonstrates high sustained efficacy and a favourable safety profile in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis through 5 years of treatment (SCULPTURE Extension Study)
Authors: Bissonnette R. , Luger T. , Thaçi D. , Toth D. , Lacombe A. , Xia S. , Mazur R. , Patekar M. , Charef P. , Milutinovic M. , Leonardi C. , Mrowietz U. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSecukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively neutralizes IL‐17A, has been shown to have significant efficacy and a favourable safety profile in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of secukinumab through 5 years of treatment in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.MethodsIn the core SCULPTURE study, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 responders at Week 12 continued receiving subcutaneous secukinumab until Year 1. Thereafter, patients entered the extension phase and continued treatment as per the core trial. Treatment was double‐blinded until the end of Year 3 and open‐label from Year 4. Here, we focus on the 300 mg fixed‐interval (every 4 weeks) treatment, the recommended per label dose. Efficacy data are primarily reported as observed, but multiple imputation (MI) and last observation carried forward (LOCF) techniques were also undertaken as supportive analyses.ResultsAt Year 1, 168 patients entered the extension study and at the end of Year 5, 126 patients completed 300 mg (every 4 weeks) treatment. PASI 75/90/100 responses at Year 1 (88.9%, 68.5% and 43.8%, respectively) were sustained to Year 5 (88.5%, 66.4% and 41%). PASI responses were consistent regardless of the analysis undertaken (as observed, MI, or LOCF). The average improvement in mean PASI was approximately 90% through 5 years compared with core study baseline. DLQI (dermatology life quality index) 0/1 response also sustained through 5 years (72.7% at Year 1 and 65.5% at Year 5). The safety profile of secukinumab remained favourable, with no cumulative or unexpected safety concerns identified.ConclusionSecukinumab 300 mg treatment delivered high and sustained levels of skin clearance and improved quality of life through 5 years in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. Favourable safety established in the secukinumab phase 2/3 programme was maintained through 5 years.
Drug survival and postdrug survival of first‐line immunosuppressive treatments for atopic dermatitis: comparison between methotrexate and cyclosporine
Authors: Law Ping Man S. , Bouzillé G. , Beneton N. , Safa G. , Dupuy A. , Droitcourt C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionCyclosporine and methotrexate are the two preferred first‐line immunosuppressive treatments in atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study was to compare the treatment profiles of methotrexate and cyclosporine in daily practice as the first‐line immunosuppressive treatment in atopic dermatitis, using two survival analyses, ‘drug survival’ (time on the drug) and ‘postdrug survival’ (time between two drugs).MethodsRetrospective study including patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis treated with methotrexate or cyclosporine as the first‐line immunosuppressive treatment. The reasons for discontinuation of treatment were collected as follows: controlled disease, treatment failure, side event pregnancy and non‐compliance. ‘Drug survival’ and ‘postdrug survival’ analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and predictive factors were analysed using uni‐ and multivariate Cox regression analyses.ResultsFifty‐six patients, among whom 25 patients treated with cyclosporine and 31 with methotrexate (median age: 34 ± 15 years), were included between 2007 and 2016. Reasons for discontinuation were not significantly different between ‘controlled disease’ and other reasons (P = 0.11). The median ‘drug survival’ was significantly longer for methotrexate (23 months) than for cyclosporine (8 months) (P < 0.0001). Six months from baseline, 93% of patients treated with methotrexate were still being treated vs 63% among patients treated with cyclosporine. The median of ‘postdrug survival’ was significantly longer for methotrexate (12 months) than for cyclosporine (2 months). Only treatment with CYC was a predictive factor for decreased ‘drug survival’ and ‘postdrug survival’.ConclusionThis is the first direct comparison between methotrexate and cyclosporine as first‐line immunosuppressive treatments for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis in daily practice. We evidenced two different treatment profiles: the duration of methotrexate administration is longer than that of cyclosporine. ‘Postdrug survival’ could be a new tool to assess the maintenance of effect of a drug after withdrawal in atopic dermatitis, and more broadly in chronic skin disease.
Widening control of fin inter‐rays in zebrafish and inferences about actinopterygian fins
Authors: Murciano Carmen , Cazorla‐Vázquez Salvador , Gutiérrez Javier , Hijano Juan Antonio , Ruiz‐Sánchez Josefa , Mesa‐Almagro Laura , Martín‐Reyes Flores , Fernández Tahía Diana , Marí‐Beffa Manuel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe amputation of a teleost fin rapidly triggers an intricate maze of hierarchically regulated signalling processes which ultimately reconstruct the diverse tissues of the appendage. Whereas the generation of the fin pattern along the proximodistal axis brings with it several well‐known developmental regulators, the mechanisms by which the fin widens along its dorsoventral axis remain poorly understood. Utilizing the zebrafish as an experimental model of fin regeneration and studying more than 1000 actinopterygian species, we hypothesized a connection between specific inter‐ray regulatory mechanisms and the morphological variability of inter‐ray membranes found in nature. To tackle these issues, both cellular and molecular approaches have been adopted and our results suggest the existence of two distinguishable inter‐ray areas in the zebrafish caudal fin, a marginal and a central region. The present work associates the activity of the cell membrane potassium channel kcnk5b, the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and the sonic hedgehog pathway to the control of several cell functions involved in inter‐ray wound healing or dorsoventral regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin. This ray‐dependent regulation controls cell migration, cell‐type patterning and gene expression. The possibility that modifications of these mechanisms are responsible for phenotypic variations found in euteleostean species, is discussed.