bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal Cord Stimulation vs Medical Management for Chronic Back and Leg Pain
Authors: Huygen Frank J. P. M. , Soulanis Konstantinos , Rtveladze Ketevan , Kamra Sheily , Schlueter Max 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceChronic back and lower extremity pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) aims to improve symptoms and quality of life.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of SCS therapies compared with conventional medical management (CMM).Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to September 2, 2022.Study SelectionSelected studies were randomized clinical trials comparing SCS therapies with sham (placebo) and/or CMM or standard treatments for adults with chronic back or leg pain who had not previously used SCS.Data Extraction and SynthesisEvidence synthesis estimated odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) and their associated credible intervals (CrI) through bayesian network meta-analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for network meta-analyses was followed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were pain-related end points, including pain intensity (measured by visual analog scale) and proportion of patients achieving at least 50% pain relief (responder rate) in the back or leg. Quality of life (measured by EQ-5D index score) and functional disability (measured by the Oswestry Disability Index score) were also considered.ResultsA total of 13 studies of 1561 patients were included in the network meta-analysis comparing conventional and novel SCS therapies with CMM across the 6 outcomes of interest at the 6-month follow-up. Both conventional and novel SCS therapies were associated with superior efficacy compared with CMM in responder rates in back (conventional SCS: OR, 3.00; 95% CrI, 1.49 to 6.72; novel SCS: OR, 8.76; 95% CrI, 3.84 to 22.31), pain intensity in back (conventional SCS: MD, −1.17; 95% CrI, −1.64 to −0.70; novel SCS: MD, −2.34; 95% CrI, −2.96 to −1.73), pain intensity in leg (conventional SCS: MD, −2.89; 95% CrI, −4.03 to −1.81; novel SCS: MD, −4.01; 95% CrI, −5.31 to −2.75), and EQ-5D index score (conventional SCS: MD, 0.15; 95% CrI, 0.09 to 0.21; novel SCS: MD, 0.17; 95% CrI, 0.13 to 0.21). For functional disability, conventional SCS was superior to CMM (MD, −7.10; 95% CrI, −10.91 to −3.36). No statistically significant differences were observed for other comparisons.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and network meta-analysis found that SCS therapies for treatment of chronic pain in back and/or lower extremities were associated with greater improvements in pain compared with CMM. These findings highlight the potential of SCS therapies as an effective and valuable option in chronic pain management.
Race, Gender, and Faculty Retention in Academic Medicine
Authors: Scheuermann Taneisha S. , Clark Lauren , Sultana Nasrin , Machado Nathalia , Shergina Elena , Polineni Deepika , Shih Grace H. , Simari Robert D. , Wick Jo A. , Richter Kimber P. 
Published: November 2024

ImportancePoor retention may be associated with lack of faculty diversity in academic medicine.ObjectiveTo examine differences in faculty retention by gender, degree type, and race and ethnicity using data from US medical schools.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed data from 155 medical schools for 1978 to 2021, which were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Retention rates were calculated by gender, race and ethnicity, and degree type. Time to attrition was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the differences in retention by gender and race. Data were analyzed from March 2021 to November 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe duration of continuous employment in academic medicine and variations in retention based on gender, race, ethnicity, and terminal degree.ResultsAmong 390 766 faculty members (232 829 [59.6%] men; 1190 American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander [0.3%]; 72 490 Asian [18.6%]; 14 920 Black [3.8%]; 20 345 Hispanic, Latino, of Spanish origin, or multirace Hispanic [5.2%]; 251 670 non-Hispanic White [64.4%] participants; and 30 151 [7.7%] other race), 259 628 (66.4%) had MD or MD-equivalent terminal degrees. Women left academic medicine a median of 1 year earlier (median retention, 8.33 years; 95% CI, 8.18-8.41 years) than men (median retention, 9.35 years; 95% CI, 9.25-9.42 years). Compared with White faculty (median retention, 9.91 years; 95% CI, 9.83-9.92 years), multiracial and faculty of other races had the lowest retention (median retention, 5.42 years; 95% CI, 5.33-5.55 years), followed by Alaska Native, American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (median retention, 6.00 years; 95% CI, 5.62-6.62 years), Black (median retention, 7.78 years; 95% CI, 7.50-8.00 years), Asian (median retention, 8.00 years; 95% CI, 8.00-8.11 years) and Hispanic faculty (median retention, 9.00 years; 95% CI, 8.75-9.16 years). Women faculty in the 1970s were 20% more likely than men to leave academia, whereas women in the 2010s had no greater risk of leaving, mainly due to a decline in retention of men.Conclusions and RelevanceGender differences in faculty retention have decreased in the most recent decade; however, men had lower retention compared with earlier cohorts. In this study, faculty who were underrepresented in medicine left academic medicine a median of 1 to 4 years earlier than White faculty. Greater attrition among men and women for recent cohorts suggests that enhanced retention efforts are imperative to maintain an experienced and diverse faculty.
Electronic Health in the Palliative Care Pathway for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: van den Besselaar Boyd N. , van Hof Kira S. , Sewnaik Aniel , Baatenburg de Jong Robert. J. , Offerman Marinella P. J. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe Expert Center of Palliative Care for head and neck cancer offers structural attention to patients’ complex physical and psychosocial care needs. Patients are offered remote care, including digital monitoring using patient-reported outcome measures, to enable them to stay as long as possible in their trusted home environment. There is limited literature on qualitative feedback and patient-reported experiences with palliative head and neck cancer care, especially for remote care. To provide optimal palliative care, more information on this is needed.ObjectiveTo provide insight into the experiences of patients with head and neck cancer and their next of kin with a hybrid palliative care pathway.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA mixed-methods quality improvement study was conducted at a tertiary cancer center. The experiences of patients with head and neck cancer in the palliative phase as of June 2022 and next of kin of patients who had died between June 2021 and March 2022 were evaluated using a patient-reported experience measure that included open-ended questions.ExposuresHybrid palliative care pathway.Main Outcomes and MeasuresExperiences of patients and next of kin.ResultsOf 105 included participants, 54 (51.4%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 67.2 (12.7) years. A total of 56 participants were patients and 49 were next of kin. The face-to-face consultations on the day of the palliative diagnosis were positively experienced by most patients and next of kin. A total of 42 of 102 participants (41%) and 24 of 79 participants (30%) missed at least 1 topic during consultations with their physician and oncology nurse, respectively, such as discussing life expectancy. During the remote follow-up, 71 of 92 (77%) felt safe with this care: they were able to sufficiently clarify their problems, and if necessary, timely action was taken. However, 17 of 48 patients (35%) and 21 of 46 next of kin (46%) considered the provided psychosocial support to be insufficient.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, patients and next of kin were satisfied with most aspects of the hybrid palliative care pathway, and remote care seemed to be a promising means of delivery. Key areas needing attention are discussing life expectancy and providing psychosocial support. These insights represent the initial steps toward gaining a deeper understanding of patients’ needs during specific moments in a hybrid palliative trajectory. They may support health care professionals in optimizing personalized and value-based palliative care delivery.
NaHCO3‐Promoted Formal [4+3] Annulation of Salicylaldehydes with Isoquinolinium Salts Accessing Isoquinoline‐Fused Benzo[f][1,3]oxazepines
Authors: Tang Qiang , Liu Yanan , Wu Mengdi , Kong Yangzilin , Jiang Xiaochun , Ling Shizhang , Shang Yongjia , He Xinwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA concise and practical sustainable strategy for modular access to isoquinoline‐fused benzo[f][1,3]oxazepine derivatives through a formal [4+3] annulation of commercially available salicyaldehydes with isoquinolinium salts has been developed. The reactions proceeded through the formation of two new bonds (C=C and C−O) and a seven‐membered heterocyclic ring in one pot. Remarkably, use of simple NaHCO3 as a mild base, open atmosphere, nonhazardous reagents, nice functional group tolerance, and easily scale up are added characteristics to this approach. A wide range of substrates are compatible with this mild reaction system, thereby proving a facile and reliable protocol for constructing a benzo[f][1,3]oxazepine skeletons.
Quinoline Substituted Anthracene Isomers: A Case Study for Simultaneously Optimizing High Mobility and Strong Luminescence in Herringbone‐Packed Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Wang Pu , Gao Can , Ni Zhenjie , Liu Dan , Zhang Yihan , Liu Zhenling , Liu Yumin , Hu Wenping , Dong Huanli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of high mobility emissive organic semiconductors is significant for advancing optoelectronic devices with simplified architecture and enhanced performance. The herringbone‐packed structure is regarded as the ideal arrangement for simultaneously achieving high mobility and strong emission in organic semiconductors. However, it remains a great challenge that the relationship between molecular structure and optoelectronic property is still elusive. Herein, four quinoline‐substituted anthracene isomers were designed and synthesized by introducing quinoline groups to anthracene core. Their intermolecular interactions and packing mode in the herringbone‐packed structures were regularly tuning by subtle changing the nitrogen position on quinoline group, resulting in the superior integration of optoelectronic properties. Through a comprehensive analysis of aggregation states and optoelectronic properties, we revealed that in herringbone‐packed aggregates, a centroid distance of approximately 7–7.5 Å along CH‐π direction and 6–6.5 Å along π–π direction is beneficial for simultaneously achieving high mobility and strong emission. These properties are closely related to the molecular twist angles, which are influenced by intramolecular interactions. This structure–property relationship has been further validated in other herringbone‐packed high mobility emissive organic semiconductors, demonstrating its broad applicability and universal potential. This work figures out the practical molecular design principle for high mobility emissive organic semiconductors.
An Analytical Model for Transit Light Curves
Authors: Drignei Dorin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTransits and secondary eclipses of an exoplanet orbiting a host star generate dips in the light curve. This article proposes a new class of mathematical functions that provide simple and computationally efficient models for such light curves. The transit and secondary eclipse functions account for ingress/egress, and the transit function incorporates curvilinear limb darkening. Their parameters are estimated using least squares methods. These models can be used to test for the statistical significance of dips, potentially revealing the existence of an exoplanet. In addition, they can be used to estimate features such as duration and depth of a transit or a secondary eclipse, limb darkening curvature and ingress/egress slope, and the orbital period. Examples using publicly available light curve data are presented, demonstrating the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed functions as fast analytical models for transits and/or secondary eclipses.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti‐Mycobacterial Evaluation of Triclosan‐Isoniazid Hybrids
Authors: Gupta Nikita , Chowdhary Shefali , Roquet‐Baneres Francoise , Kremer Laurent , Kumar Vipan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA series of Triclosan‐based hybrids and their Schiff base derivatives with isoniazid were designed through in silico modeling and synthesized using copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. These compounds were then evaluated against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab). However, none of the synthesized hybrids exhibited significant growth inhibition, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values consistently exceeding 100 µg/mL. To further investigate these findings, we conducted mechanistic studies including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV–vis stability tests. TGA demonstrated thermal stability of the Schiff bases up to 270°C, while UV–vis analysis confirmed their chemical resilience across a wide pH spectrum, showing resistance to hydrolysis under acidic and basic conditions. The lack of observed antimicrobial activity may be attributed to the high lipophilicity of these molecules, as indicated by LogP values exceeding 5, which could limit their bioavailability. These findings suggest that although combining triclosan and isoniazid holds potential, further optimization of this hybrid strategy is necessary to improve efficacy.
Triterpenoids from Potentilla chinensis Inhibit RANKL‐Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Vitro and Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Osteolytic Bone Loss in Vivo
Authors: Tran Trong Trieu , Gal Minju , Ha Manh Tuan , Hyun Seungeun , Kim Okwha , Lee Jeong‐Hyung , Min Byung Sun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, a phytochemical investigation on the methanol extract of Potentilla chinensis led to the isolation of eleven triterpenoids including ursolic acid (1), pomolic acid (2), tormentic acid (3), 2‐epi‐corosolic acid (4), 3‐epi‐corosolic acid (ECA, 5), 3β‐hydroxyurs‐11‐en‐13β(28)‐olide (6), euscaphic acid (7), 2‐epi‐tormentic acid (8), corosolic acid (9), uvaol (10), and 3‐O‐acetylpomolic acid (11). Among them, ECA (5) showed potential anti‐osteoclastogenic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first isolation of ECA (5) from P. chinensis as well as the first investigation of its effects on osteoclast formation. Further study revealed that ECA inhibited RANKL‐induced mature osteoclast formation in vitro without compromising cell viability. Mechanistically, ECA attenuated RANKL‐induced mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation, leading to the inhibition of c‐Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) activation. Moreover, ECA protected against LPS‐induced inflammatory bone loss and osteoclast formation in a mouse model. However, ECA did not inhibit LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Our findings suggest that ECA mitigates LPS‐induced inflammatory bone loss in mice by inhibiting RANKL‐induced activation of key osteoclastogenic transcription factors, including c‐Fos and NFATc1, and may be a potential natural triterpenoid for preventing or treating osteolytic diseases.
Photoactivatable O‐GlcNAc Transferase Library Enables Covalent Chemical Capture of Solvent‐Exposed TPR Domain Interactions
Authors: Joiner Cassandra M. , Glogowski Tiarra J. , NewRingeisen Erin M. , Huynh Huy V. , Roberts Melanie G. , Rognerud Madison M. , Huebsch Hahns E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractO‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential, stress‐sensing enzyme responsible for adding the O‐GlcNAc monosaccharide to thousands of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins to regulate cellular homeostasis. OGT substrates are found in almost all intracellular processes, and perturbations in protein O‐GlcNAc levels have been implicated in proteostatic diseases, such as cancers, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration. This broad disease activity makes OGT an attractive therapeutic target; however, the substrate diversity makes pan‐inhibition as a therapeutic strategy unfeasible. Rather, a substrate‐specific approach to targeting is more advantageous, but how OGT chooses its substrates remains poorly understood. Substrate specificity is controlled by the interactions between OGT's non‐catalytic tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, rather than its glycosyltransferase domain. OGT's TPR domain forms a 100 Å superhelical structure, containing a lumenal surface, known as the substrate‐binding surface, and a solvent‐exposed surface. To date, there are no tools to site‐selectively target regions of the domain and differentiate between the two binding surfaces. Here, we developed a library of recombinant OGT constructs containing site‐specifically incorporated photoactivatable unnatural amino acids (UAAs) along the solvent‐exposed surface of the TPR domain to covalently capture and map OGT's interactome.
Diversification of 3′‐Amino Nucleosides via Enzymatic Transglycosylation
Authors: Zhang Li , Xu Haiyan , Wu Xiaofan , Li Yitong , Tao Yuan , Huang Zedu , Chen Fener 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA systematic study on the enzymatic transglycosylation of 3′‐amino nucleosides has been reported. Using the commercially available 3′‐amino‐3′‐deoxythymidine as the sugar donor, 13 pyrimidine and purine nucleobases were shown as the viable sugar acceptors in the nucleoside phosphorylase EcPPNP‐ and/or nucleoside 2′‐deoxyribosyltransferase LlNDT‐catalyzed reactions, furnishing the corresponding 3′‐amino containing nucleosides in 23%–73% NMR yields at an analytical scale. The synthetic utility of this diversification approach was further showcased by the successful synthesis of 3′‐amino‐2′,3′‐dideoxy‐5‐bromouridine in 29% isolated yield at a preparative scale. The current work demonstrates the transglycosylation activity of EcPPNP for the first time, expands the substrate scope of LlNDT, and provides an efficient, direct access to various 3′‐amino nucleosides of high value.
Harvey's Story
Authors: Reiner Anton 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHarvey Jules Karten passed away on July 15, 2024. With his passing, the world lost a remarkable and energetic man who had made major contributions to neuroscience, in particular, resetting our understanding of the evolution of the forebrain and the evolution of intelligence. He left behind a legion of loyal colleagues with whom he had collaborated and shared ideas, students he had inspired and trained, and non‐neuroscientist friends he had made in the passionate pursuit of his hobbies—sailing, skiing, and hiking.
Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Amiri Mohammad Amin , Amiri Delara , Hamedani Shahram 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThermosensitive hydrogels are now among the most commonly used biomaterials in tissue engineering. Due to their unique characteristics, this review aimed to evaluate the suitability of thermosensitive hydrogels in periodontal regeneration.Material and MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until March 25, 2024, to retrieve relevant articles. The eligibility criteria for the included studies were determined by the designed PICO elements. Results from each included study were extracted, focusing on the three main areas: thermosensitivity, cellular characteristics, and in vivo characteristics.ResultsNineteen studies were included in our study. The thermosensitivity assessment of the hydrogels indicated a range of sol–gel transition times from 40 s to 20 min based on the type of polymers and the fabrication process. The cellular characterization was assessed based on three main cellular behaviors: cellular viability/proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The in vivo characterization was performed based on two main approaches: radiographic and histologic evaluation.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the addition of bioactive agents could enhance the in vivo efficacy of thermosensitive hydrogels in periodontal regeneration through three main areas: antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and regenerative effects.
Ammonia Decomposition via MOF‐Derived Photothermal Catalysts
Authors: Sousa Angel , Rendon Patino Alejandra , Garzon Tovar Luis , Mateo Diego , Gascon Jorge , Bavykina Anastasiya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThree cobalt‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived catalysts were developed for photothermal hydrogen production via ammonia decomposition. The selected MOFs were from distinct families, featuring carboxylate and imidazole linkers, and diverse in terms of porosity. The resulting catalysts consisted of uniform and homogeneously dispersed cobalt nanoparticles embedded within a carbon matrix. The carboxylate‐based MOF‐74 derived catalyst showed the highest initial activity, but gradually deactivated. ZIF‐67 derived catalyst, however, demonstrated stable performance. The synergy between photo and thermal effects was confirmed. Additionally, this catalyst was found to be also effective in ammonia synthesis, potentially closing the loop for sustainable ammonia utilization.
The Habitat Alteration of Corrigiola Litoralis L. (Strapwort) on the Elbe River Driven by Climate Change
Authors: Havlíček Vojtěch , Heřmanovský Martin , Bureš Luděk , Martínková Marta , Čuda Jan , Hanel Martin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the possible future development of areas suitable for Corrigiola litoralis L. (strapwort) at six research sites on the part of the Elbe River near the border with Germany under considered climate change. We have combined hydrological and hydraulic approaches with outputs from climate models representing future climate patterns to meet these objectives. The hydrological models used in this study were BILAN, GR4J and TUW, while the hydraulic calculations were performed using HEC‐RAS. Climate data were derived from 216 climate models and grouped according to the projected change in mean temperature. Areas suitable for strapwort were identified based on conditions that reflect the ecological requirements of the species. The results show that increasing average temperatures and subsequent water level fluctuations will increase the number of seasons suitable for strapwort and its area of occurrence. These areas will emerge above water level for a longer period, extending the growing season of strapwort and increasing its reproductive capacity. At the same time, winter flooding of the sites will remain, which is likely to suppress perennial species that would competitively exclude strapwort. Regarding hydrological models, GR4J and TUW were consistent in their results. In contrast, due to the different structure, the BILAN model showed a different response to rainfall inputs, and the results were inconsistent with those of the above models. This finding highlights the need to select an appropriate hydrological model. In contrast, the sensitivity of the results to climate model variability was found to be relatively low.