bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kardiopulmonale Reanimation: Was ist neu?
Authors: Michels Guido , Busch Hans-Jörg 
Published: April 2018

Was ist neu?
Update Europäische Leitlinien Erstmals haben die europäischen Leitlinien zur kardiopulmonalen Reanimation durch die Stellungnahme der ILCOR im Dezember 2017 ein Update erfahren. Diese sollen nun auch außerhalb des bewährten 5-Jahres-Zyklus möglich sein, wenn neue Daten und Erkenntnisse wesentliche Änderungen der Leitlinien notwendig machen.
Vorgehen bei Reanimation So wird nun empfohlen, dass je nach Abhängigkeit vom Ausbildungsstand des Laienhelfers eine alleinige Thoraxkompression oder eine solche in Kombination mit Atemspenden erfolgen soll. Die wichtige Funktion der Leitstellendisponenten im Rahmen der Telefonreanimation wird nochmals durch die Forderung nach einem strukturierten Training zur Telefonreanimation für Leitstellendisponenten hervorgehoben. Der Einsatz von mechanischen Reanimationshilfen bleibt weiterhin nur besonderen Situationen vorbehalten.
Stranski–Krastanov growth of (Si)Ge/Si(001): Transmission electron microscopy compared with segregation theory
Authors: Norris D. J. , Walther T. 
Published: April 2018

We performed transmission electron microscopy of SiGe/Si(001) and Ge/Si(001) samples that undergo the Stranski–Krastanov transition from flat layer to island growth. With the help of quantitative X-ray maps of those layers, we have determined the total amount of deposited germanium at which islanding commences. The maximum amount of Ge buried in a flat layer amounts to 2.3 monolayers. We show by modelling that it is the strain due to the total amount of Ge atoms deposited that drives the islanding process. At 600°C [400°C], 1.62 [1.74] monolayers of Ge are expected from simulations to segregate towards the surface, the strain of which is sufficient to trigger plastic relaxation by islanding, in agreement with our electron microscope observations. This is part of a thematic issue on Nanoscale Materials Characterisation and Modeling by Advances Microscopy Methods - EUROMAT.
The latent geometry of the human protein interaction network
Authors: Alanis-Lobato Gregorio , Mier Pablo , Andrade-Navarro Miguel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Motivation
A series of recently introduced algorithms and models advocates for the existence of a hyperbolic geometry underlying the network representation of complex systems. Since the human protein interaction network (hPIN) has a complex architecture, we hypothesized that uncovering its latent geometry could ease challenging problems in systems biology, translating them into measuring distances between proteins.

Results
We embedded the hPIN to hyperbolic space and found that the inferred coordinates of nodes capture biologically relevant features, like protein age, function and cellular localization. This means that the representation of the hPIN in the two-dimensional hyperbolic plane offers a novel and informative way to visualize proteins and their interactions. We then used these coordinates to compute hyperbolic distances between proteins, which served as likelihood scores for the prediction of plausible protein interactions. Finally, we observed that proteins can efficiently communicate with each other via a greedy routing process, guided by the latent geometry of the hPIN. We show that these efficient communication channels can be used to determine the core members of signal transduction pathways and to study how system perturbations impact their efficiency.

Availability and implementation
An R implementation of our network embedder is available at https://github.com/galanisl/NetHypGeom. Also, a web tool for the geometric analysis of the hPIN accompanies this text at http://cbdm-01.zdv.uni-mainz.de/~galanisl/gapi.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Possible Neurobiological Underpinnings of Homosexuality and Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Manzouri A , Savic I 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Although frequently discussed in terms of sex dimorphism, the neurobiology of sexual orientation and identity is unknown. We report multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data, including cortical thickness (Cth), subcortical volumes, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, from 27 transgender women (TrW), 40 transgender men (TrM), and 80 heterosexual (40 men) and 60 homosexual cisgender controls (30 men). These data show that whereas homosexuality is linked to cerebral sex dimorphism, gender dysphoria primarily involves cerebral networks mediating self–body perception. Among the homosexual cisgender controls, weaker sex dimorphism was found in white matter connections and a partly reversed sex dimorphism in Cth. Similar patterns were detected in transgender persons compared with heterosexual cisgender controls, but the significant clusters disappeared when adding homosexual controls, and correcting for sexual orientation. Instead, both TrW and TrM displayed singular features, showing greater Cth as well as weaker structural and functional connections in the anterior cingulate-precuneus and right occipito-parietal cortex, regions known to process own body perception in the context of self.
Understanding the research landscape of major depressive disorder via literature mining: an entity-level analysis of PubMed data from 1948 to 2017
Authors: Zhu Yongjun , Kim Min-Hyung , Banerjee Samprit , Deferio Joseph , Alexopoulos George S , Pathak Jyotishman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze literature-based data from PubMed to identify diseases and medications that have frequently been studied with major depressive disorder (MDD).Materials and methodsAbstracts of 23 799 research articles about MDD that have been published since 1948 till 2017 were analyzed using data and text mining approaches. Methods such as information extraction, frequent pattern mining, regression, and burst detection were used to explore diseases and medications that have been associated with MDD.ResultsIn addition to many mental disorders and antidepressants, we identified several nonmental health diseases and nonpsychotropic medications that have frequently been studied with MDD. Our results suggest that: (1) MDD has been studied with disorders such as Pain, Diabetes Mellitus, Wounds and Injuries, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Diseases; (2) medications such as Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone, Ketamine, and Lithium have been studied in terms of their side effects and off-label uses; (3) the relationships between nonmental disorders and MDD have gained increased attention from the scientific community; and (4) the bursts of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases explain the psychiatric and/or depression screening recommended by authoritative associations during the periods of the bursts.Discussion and conclusionThis study summarized and presented an overview of the previous MDD research in terms of diseases and medications that are highly relevant to MDD. The reported results can potentially facilitate hypothesis generation for future studies. The approaches proposed in the study can be used to better understand the progress and advance of the field.
Outcomes of 40 Nonsyndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis Patients as Adults: A Case-Control Study With 26 Years of Postoperative Follow-up
Authors: Salokorpi Niina , Savolainen Tuula , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Ylikontiola Leena , Sándor George K , Pirttiniemi Pertti , Serlo Willy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
While sagittal synostosis is the most common craniosynostosis, long-term follow-up of these patients is lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the results of surgical management of those patients with sagittal synostosis who attain adulthood.

METHODS
An outcome study of surgically treated isolated sagittal synostosis patients operated between 1977 and 1998 was conducted at the Craniofacial Center of Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland with an average follow-up time of 26.5 yr. Patients’ socioeconomic situation, satisfaction with their own facial appearance and attractiveness as rated by 2 independent panels was evaluated and compared to controls.

RESULTS
The self-satisfaction with the patients’ own appearance scored a mean of 75 mm on a visual analog scale of 100 mm between the patients and 76 mm with the control group. The subjective satisfaction of the patients with their own appearance failed to correlate with the rating of their appearance by the panels. The panels rated the patients’ appearance to be on average 6 to 7 mm out of 100 mm visual analog scale less attractive than the controls. Data on socioeconomic situation, including marital status, housing, education, employment of the patients, and controls are presented.

CONCLUSION
Isolated sagittal synostosis patients treated surgically were as happy with their facial appearance as were individuals in an age and gender-matched control group. Two independent panels found the patients’ appearance to be only somewhat less attractive. Analysis of the socioeconomic situation and general health revealed that patients equaled that of controls.
Occipital Artery to Posterior Cerebral Artery Bypass Using Descending Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery Graft for Treatment of Fusiform, Unruptured Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ravina Kristine , Buchanan Ian A , Rennert Robert C , Strickland Ben A , Carey Joseph N , Russin Jonathan J 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms can be technically challenging lesions due to the intricacy of perforating branches and the relationship to cranial nerves and the brainstem. Fusiform aneurysms of the perimesencephalic segment of the PCA are a rare finding which does not favor direct clip occlusion or reconstruction. In such cases, proximal parent vessel occlusion is an option for aneurysm treatment. Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass can be used to revascularize beyond the lesion when considering proximal occlusion. Based on previous literature for occipital artery (OA) bypass and the time-consuming dissection required for OA harvest, an interposition graft was chosen. The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (DLCFA) is a good alternative interposition graft with a diameter that is favorable for revascularizing smaller, more distal vessels.
This 3-dimensional video presents the case of a 26-year-old female with severe headaches who was found to have unruptured, fusiform aneurysmal dilatations of the PCA. Given the patient's youth and the morphology of the aneurysms, an EC-IC bypass with proximal occlusion was recommended. The DLCFA was used as an interposition graft. The left OA was found to be a suitable donor. A subtemporal approach was used to access the PCA for proximal occlusion. An occipital interhemispheric approach was performed to isolate a suitable recipient segment of the ipsilateral PCA branch for microvascular end-to-side anastomosis. Postoperative catheter angiography showed significant thrombosis of the fusiform aneurysms and a patent EC-IC bypass. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed no infarcts and the patient was discharged neurologically intact.
The patient was consented for inclusion in a prospective institutional review board (IRB) approved database from which this IRB approved retrospective report was performed. The consent for intraoperative video and picture use was also obtained.
Images in the video between 0:49 and 1:11, © University of Southern California Neurorestoration Center. Used with permission, all rights reserved.
Medical Care Costs Were Similar Across the Low-dose Computed Tomography and Chest X-Ray Arms of the National Lung Screening Trial Despite Different Rates of Significant Incidental Findings
Authors: Gareen Ilana F. , Black William C. , Tosteson Tor D. , Wang Qianfei , Sicks JoRean D. , Tosteson Anna N.A. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) reported lung cancer and all-cause mortality reductions for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) versus chest x-ray (CXR) screening. Although LDCT lung screening has received a grade B from the United States Preventive Services Task Force and is a covered service under most health plans, concerns remain on the costs engendered by screening, and the impact of the high rate of significant incidental finding (SIF) detection on those costs.

Methods:
We linked American College of Radiology Imaging Network NLST and Medicare fee-for-service claims data for participants from 23 sites for 2002–2009. We performed participant-level analyses using generalized linear regression models to estimate the adjusted annual mean of the 3-year total medical costs per person in each study arm and within screen outcome categories (ever positive with abnormalities suspicious for lung cancer, always negative for abnormalities suspicious for lung cancer, but with SIFs, and always negative without SIFs).

Results:
The adjusted annual mean total per person costs were not significantly different between screening arms [LDCT, $11,029 (95% confidence interval, $10,107–$11,951); CXR, $10,905 (95% confidence interval, $10,059–$11,751)], despite higher proportions of individuals with SIFs in the LDCT versus the CXR arm (18% vs. 4%; P<0.0001).

Conclusions:
We found little difference in total annual per person costs between LDCT-screened and CXR-screened Medicare participants, despite the higher number of SIFs in the LDCT arm of the study.
Pulmonary Function Tests Abnormalities in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: El Amrousy Doaa Mohamed , Hassan Samir , El‐Ashry Heba , Yousef Mohamed , Sharshar Ragia 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and type of pulmonary dysfunction in newly diagnosed children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the correlation between pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and IBD activity.Methods:It is an observational case‐control study. One hundred newly diagnosed children with IBD were enrolled as the patient group, which was further subdivided into 52 with Crohn disease (CD) and 48 with ulcerative colitis (UC). Fifty healthy children matched for age, sex, height, and body mass index (BMI) served as the control group. PFTs in the form of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), mid‐forced expiratory flow of 25% to 75% (FEF 25%–75%) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were evaluated in all studied children. PFTs were measured at diagnosis, every 6 months for a period of 3 years, during remission and at least once during activity in patient group.Results:There was significant progressive deterioration in all PFTs in IBD patients compared with their PFTs at the start of the study (P < 0.05) except for FEV1/FVC, RV, and TLC (P > 0.05). There was significant deterioration during disease activity compared with remission state as regards FEV1, FVC, FEF 25% to 75%, and DLCO (P < 0.05). Significant negative correlation was found between disease activity in both UC and CD groups and FEV1, FVC, FEF 25% to 75%, and DLCO.Conclusions:Subclinical PFTs abnormalities are common in pediatric IBD even during remission period. So, periodic PFTs evaluation should be considered in the routine follow‐up of IBD children.
Pediatric Liver Transplant Teams Coping With Patient Death
Authors: Duncan Sarah E. , Arnon Ronen , DiPietrantonio Christie , Ehrlich Katie , Knight Christopher S. , Chu Jaime , Annunziato Rachel A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:Coping with patient death among pediatric liver transplant teams has received little attention despite general recognition of the potentially negative emotional consequences associated with such loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways in which members of pediatric liver transplant teams cope with the death of patients on the waitlist and post‐transplant and the institutional resources available to facilitate this coping.Methods:Participants included 120 physicians, nurses, and mental health professionals from multiple transplant centers across the United States. Participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed the availability of formal coping resources at their institutions, informal sources of support used to cope with patient death, and as indices of coping, bereavement, and emotional exhaustion symptoms experienced.Results:Debriefing, the most commonly offered support, was available to about half (55.8%) of the sample; yet, nearly all respondents (98.3%) indicated that debriefing would be useful. On average, bereavement and emotional exhaustion levels were comparable to normative data, but patterns of coping varied based on participants’ position within the transplant team. For participants who reported that debriefing was available at their institutions, emotional exhaustion was lower.Conclusions:Overall, formal supports were inconsistently offered to pediatric transplant team members. Team members expressed high acceptability for debriefing, which has been associated with benefits in other populations, and findings indicated better coping in the transplant setting when it was offered.
Celiac Disease 30 Years After Diagnosis
Authors: Norsa Lorenzo , Branchi Federica , Bravo Marianna , Ferretti Francesca , Roncoroni Leda , Somalvico Francesco , Conte Dario , Bardella Maria Teresa , Fabiano Sabrina , Barigelletti Giulio , Elli Luca 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:Studies investigating patients with coeliac disease (CD) on very long‐term follow‐up are limited. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients with CD diagnosed more than 30 years ago.Methods:Clinical, histologic, genetic, and demographic data of patients with CD diagnosis made before 1985 were collected and their standardised mortality ratio calculated. According to the gluten‐free diet (GFD) status, CD patients were divided into 3 groups and a specific questionnaire on GFD awareness and gluten‐free products was administered to patients and caregivers.Results:A total of 337 CD patients were included in the study. The standardised mortality ratio was 0.37 (confidence interval 0.10 to 0.94) compared with a matched population. A total of 197 patients were grouped according to GFD compliance, with 35 CD patients reporting chronic voluntary gluten ingestion. No significant differences were found between groups regarding family history of CD, symptoms and histology at diagnosis, autoimmune disorders. Follow‐up histology was performed in 63 patients. Twenty patients had normal histology on gluten‐containing diet (GCD). Questionnaire scores were lower in patients on GCD. Caregivers scores were not correlated with patients’ gluten consumption.Conclusions:Although poor adherence to GFD is the major predictor of persistence of mucosal lesions at follow‐up histology, a proportion of patients did not show a relapse of villous atrophy in spite chronic voluntary gluten ingestion, nor increase in mortality. Moreover, GFD knowledge and adherence could be partly lost during the transition between childhood and adulthood.
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Are There Imaging Characteristics Associated With Different Histologic Subtypes on Computed Tomography?
Authors: Escalon Joanna G. , Harrington Kate A. , Plodkowski Andrew J. , Zheng Junting , Capanu Marinela , Zauderer Marjorie G. , Rusch Valerie W. , Ginsberg Michelle S. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
Determine imaging characteristics specific to epithelioid (eMPM), sarcomatoid (sMPM), and biphasic (bMPM) subtypes of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) on computed tomography.

Methods
Preoperative computed tomography scans of patients with MPM were retrospectively assessed for numerous features including primary affected side, volume loss, pleural thickness, pleural calcifications, pleural effusion, and lymphadenopathy.

Results
One hundred twenty-five patients with MPM were included. Histologic subdivision was 97 eMPM (77%), 17 bMPM (14%), and 11 sMPM (9%). Nonepithelioid MPM (bMPM and sMPM) was more likely than eMPM to have calcified pleural plaques (P = 0.035). Analyzed separately, bMPM and sMPM each demonstrated calcified plaques more frequently than eMPM, and sMPM more often had internal mammary nodes; however, P values did not reach significance (P = 0.075 and 0.071, respectively).

Conclusions
Calcified plaques are significantly more common in nonepithelioid subtypes compared with eMPM. Given the different prognoses and management of MPM subtypes, accurate noninvasive subtype classification is clinically vital.
Whole-lesion Apparent Diffusion Coefficient First- and Second-Order Texture Features for the Characterization of Rectal Cancer Pathological Factors
Authors: Li Weifeng , Jiang Zhuoran , Guan Yue , Chen Ying , Huang Xiaolin , Liu Song , He Jian , Zhou Zhengyang , Ge Yun 
Published: April 2018

Objective
The objective of this study was to explore the value of whole-volume apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) features in characterizing pathologic features of rectal cancer.

Methods
A total of 50 patients who were diagnosed with rectal cancer via biopsy underwent 3-T pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging. Apparent diffusion coefficient features, including mean, 10th–90th percentile, Entropy and Entropy(H), derived from whole-lesion volumes were compared between pathologic T1–2 and T3 stages, perineural invasion (PNI) present and absent, lymphangiovascular invasion present and absent, and pathological N0 and N+ stage groups.

Results
Entropy and Entropy(H) were significantly lower in rectal cancers at T1–2 stages than T3. The 90th percentile of rectal cancers with PNI was significantly lower than that of those without PNI. All P < 0.05.

Conclusions
Whole-lesion ADC Entropy and Entropy(H) have potential in evaluating different T stages, and 90th percentile can be helpful for determining PNI presence of rectal cancers.
Aquatic Exercise Program for Individuals With Osteoarthritis: Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function, Self-Efficacy
Authors: Kars Fertelli Tülay , Mollaoglu Mukadder , Sahin Ozlem 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Purpose
This research was conducted to determine the effects of an aquatic exercise program on pain, stiffness, physical function, and self-efficacy in individuals with osteoarthritis.

Design
A randomized controlled trial.

Methods
Participants in the experimental group participated in the aquatic exercise program three times a week for 8 weeks; participants in the control group did not.

Findings
The mean scores of the experimental group on the pain, stiffness, and difficulty in carrying out physical functions subscales of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index decreased significantly, whereas those of the control group decreased very little. The mean scores of the experimental group on the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale and the isokinetic muscle strength measurements increased, but those of the control group did not change in the final measurements. The difference between the groups was statistically significant.

Conclusions
Through the study, it was determined that the aquatic exercise program decreased pain, stiffness, and difficulty in carrying out physical functions and increased self-efficacy and muscle strength of individuals with osteoarthritis.

Clinical Relevance
The aquatic exercise program can be used by nurses as a reference in the management of osteoarthritic patients’ health status.