bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slurry‐Fabricable Li+‐Conductive Polymeric Binders for Practical All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Solvate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Oh Dae Yang , Nam Young Jin , Park Kern Ho , Jung Sung Hoo , Kim Kyu Tae , Ha A. Reum , Jung Yoon Seok 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor mass production of all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASLBs) employing highly Li+conductive and mechanically sinterable sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs), the wet‐slurry process is imperative. Unfortunately, the poor chemical stability of sulfide SEs severely restrict available candidates for solvents and in turn polymeric binders. Moreover, the binders interrupt Li+‐ionic contacts at interfaces, resulting in the below par electrochemical performance. In this work, a new scalable slurry fabrication protocol for sheet‐type ASLB electrodes made of Li+‐conductive polymeric binders is reported. The use of intermediate‐polarity solvent (e.g., dibromomethane) for the slurry allows for accommodating Li6PS5Cl and solvate‐ionic‐liquid‐based polymeric binders (NBR‐Li(G3)TFSI, NBR: nitrile−butadiene rubber, G3: triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, LiTFSI: lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) together without suffering from undesirable side reactions or phase separation. The LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2and Li4Ti5O12electrodes employing NBR‐Li(G3)TFSI show high capacities of 174 and 160 mA h g−1at 30 °C, respectively, which are far superior to those using conventional NBR (144 and 76 mA h g−1). Moreover, high areal capacity of 7.4 mA h cm−2is highlighted for the LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2electrodes with ultrahigh mass loading of 45 mg cm−2. The facilitated Li+‐ionic contacts at interfaces paved by NBR‐Li(G3)TFSI are evidenced by the complementary analysis from electrochemical and7Li nuclear magnetic resonance measurements.
Tris(Pentafluorophenyl)Borane‐Driven Stereoselective O‐Glycosylation with Glycal Donors under Mild Condition
Authors: Bihari Mishra Kunj , Kandasamy Jeyakumar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractActivation of glycal donors was achieved using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] under mild reaction conditions. The glycosylation reaction proceeded efficiently with a wide range of sugar and non‐sugar acceptors and provided α‐selective glycosides in high yield. Interestingly, under different reaction conditions, Ferrier rearrangement products or 2‐deoxyglycosides (i. e. addition products) were obtained as major products with benzyl‐protected glycal donors.
A General Protocol for C−H Difluoromethylation of Carbon Acids with TMSCF2Br
Authors: Xie Qiqiang , Zhu Ziyue , Li Lingchun , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient method for the selective C‐difluoromethylation of carbon acids with the reagent TMSCF2Br has been developed. A variety of structurally diverse sp3‐ and sp‐hybridized carbon nucleophiles, including esters, amides, fluorenes, terminal alkynes, β‐ketoesters, malonates, and other activated C−H nucleophiles, could be efficiently and selectively transformed into the corresponding C‐difluoromethylated products under mild conditions. This protocol is also effective for the late‐stage difluoromethylation of pharmaceutically relevant molecules and can be readily scaled up. Moreover, ambident substrates with more than one reactive site towards difluorocarbene can be difluoromethylated orthogonally using TMSCF2Br.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization Cascade to Construct Bridged Skeletons: Total Synthesis of (−)‐Suaveoline
Authors: Tan Qiuyuan , Yang Zhao , Jiang Dan , Cheng Yuegang , Yang Jiao , Xi Song , Zhang Min 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBased on the discovery of copper‐catalyzed cyclopropanol ring‐opening addition to iminium ions, an unprecedented catalytic aerobic C−H oxidation/cyclopropanol cyclization cascade using CuCl2 as the multifunctional catalyst and air as the oxidant was developed to construct the azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton, which is widespread in natural products and medicines. Using this method, concise asymmetric total synthesis of the indole alkaloid (−)‐suaveoline was achieved. This study not only provides an efficient, low‐cost, and environmentally benign method for constructing such bridged frameworks, but also enriches the realm of cyclopropanol chemistry and C−H functionalization.
A Stable, Non‐Corrosive Perfluorinated Pinacolatoborate Mg Electrolyte for Rechargeable Mg Batteries
Authors: Luo Jian , Bi Yujing , Zhang Liping , Zhang Xiaoyin , Liu Tianbiao Leo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMg batteries are a promising energy storage system because of the physicochemical merits of Mg as an anode material. However, the lack of electrochemically and chemically stable Mg electrolytes impedes the development of Mg batteries. In this study, a newly designed chloride‐free Mg perfluorinated pinacolatoborate, Mg[B(O2C2(CF3)4)2]2 (abbreviated as Mg‐FPB), was synthesized by a convenient method from commercially available reagents and fully characterized. The Mg‐FPB electrolyte delivered outstanding electrochemical performance, specifically, 95 % Coulombic efficiency and 197 mV overpotential, enabling reversible Mg deposition, and an anodic stability of up to 4.0 V vs. Mg. The Mg‐FPB electrolyte was applied to assemble a high voltage, rechargeable Mg/MnO2 battery with a discharge capacity of 150 mAh g−1.
Estolide Molecular Weight Distribution via Gel Permeation Chromatography
Authors: Bantchev Grigor B. , Cermak Steven C. , Durham Amber L. , Price Neil P. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing the universal calibration and the Mark‐Houwink equation (MHE) (), three batches of oleic estolide acids and their corresponding 2‐ethylhexyl esters were characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The MHE parameters in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 40 °C were determined (for acids: α = 0.442 ± 0.003 and log10K=2.505 ± 0.007, for esters: α =0.531 ± 0.006 and log10K =2.794 ± 0.018). The fits of the GPC chromatograms yielded also the oligomeric composition of the estolides, which can be used to calculate the estolide number (EN) of an estolide mixture, and other molecular‐weight distribution parameters, such as number‐average molecular weight (Mn), weight‐average molecular weight (Mw), and dispersity (Ð). Using the Deming line fit, we concluded that the GPC should be expected to be approximately three times more sensitive than the currently used methods for determination of EN values.
Controllable Sulfur, Nitrogen Co‐doped Porous Carbon for Ethylbenzene Oxidation: The Role of Nano‐CaCO3
Authors: Qin Yutian , Guo Haotian , Wang Bowei , Li Jiayi , Gao Ruixiao , Qiu Pengzhi , Sun Mingming , Chen Ligong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHeteroatom‐doped porous carbon materials have exhibited promising applications in various fields. In this work, sulfur, nitrogen co‐doped carbon materials (SNCs) with abundant pore structure were prepared by pyrolysis of sulfur, nitrogen‐containing porous organic polymers (POPs) mixed with nano‐CaCO3 at high temperature. Among the resultant materials, SNC‐Ca‐850 possesses a relatively high level of doped heteroatoms and exhibits an excellent catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of benzylic C−H bonds. It is noteworthy that nano‐CaCO3 increases the doped sulfur content in the synthesized carbon materials to a large extent and impacts the existence modes of sulfur. In addition, it enhances the porous structure and specific surface area of the resultant SNCs significantly. This work provides a viable strategy to promote the doping of sulfur into carbon materials during the pyrolysis process.
Pedagogy of chi‐square goodness of fit test for continuous distributions
Authors: Shankar P. Mohana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChi‐square goodness of fit testing to examine whether or not it is reasonable to assume that a random sample of the data comes from a specific probability density was one of the topics covered in an undergraduate engineering probability course. In the absence of details on this topic in engineering probability books, a Matlab®demo was created to facilitate the link between theory and practice. The step‐by‐step procedure to determine the closest fit among a number of continuous densities has been demonstrated involving binning (fixed width and fixed population), parameter estimation, and computation of the test statistic, degrees of freedom and thePvalues. The cautionary aspects of the test regarding the variability in test results have been illustrated by choosing a smaller size data through permutation. The pedagogical aspects of procedure demonstrated suggest that it may be used to fill the gaps in textbooks devoted to probability and statistics.
Discrimination based on gender and ethnicity in English and Polish housing markets
Authors: Antfolk Jan , Szala Anna , Öblom Annamaria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiscrimination in the housing market is associated with decreased social integration and is costly at both social and individual levels. Here, we studied discrimination in English and Polish housing markets. In line with previous research, we expected ethnic‐ and gender‐based discrimination to occur in both housing markets. Conducting a preregistered field experiment of discrimination in the housing market, we sent e‐mails with inquiries about advertisements for 960 rentals in England and Poland. Inquiries were signed with Arabic‐, English‐, or Polish‐sounding male and female names. As a measure of discrimination, we calculated the proportion of answers that we received. In the English housing market, there was no statistically significant difference between the proportions of responses received for inquiries signed with Arabic, English, or Polish male or female names. In the Polish housing market, we received fewer responses to inquiries signed with Arabic male names than inquiries signed with any other names. The study shows discrimination against Arabic men in the Polish housing market, but there was no evidence of ethnic‐ or gender‐based discrimination in the English housing market. The results are discussed against the subordinate male target hypothesis as well as the current social and political situations in both countries.
“Growing your own herbs” and “cooking from scratch”: Contemporary discourses around good mothering, food, and class‐related identities
Authors: Woolhouse Maxine , Day Katy , Rickett Bridgette 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn a cultural climate of “intensive parenting” and concerns about the “obesity epidemic,” parents are expected to take responsibility for their children's health, particularly through the provision of a “healthy” diet. This study involved intergenerational dyad interviews with both middle‐class and working‐class mothers and daughters from the United Kingdom. Analysing the data using discourse analysis informed by feminist poststructuralist theory, we found that mothers were positioned as having prime responsibility for the nurturing of family members, including the provision of a healthy diet. However, providing a healthy diet alone was insufficient; mothers needed to demonstrate that time and effort had been taken in the preparation of meals using fresh ingredients. Those who failed to do so were positioned as “lazy,” thus inviting the blaming of mothers for any current or future health problems encountered by family members (especially children). However, talk from some of the working‐class mothers pointed to the unattainable and “classed” ideals that are set by such cultural expectations.
Substitution Pattern‐Selective Olefin Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Okada Yohei , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe use of radical ions as reactive intermediates can complement polarity‐driven and neutral radical‐driven reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. The present study revealed that the reactivity of enol ether radical cations can be simply tuned by addition/removal of a methyl group, allowing development of unique substitution pattern‐selective olefin cross‐couplings. Anodically generated enol ether radical cations selectively add to appropriately substituted alkenes to afford the corresponding cycloadducts in good‐to‐excellent yields. Competition experiments using alkenes possessing two differently substituted double bonds clearly demonstrated the unique reactivity of the enol ether radical cations.
Mild Nitration of Pyrazolin‐5‐ones by a Combination of Fe(NO3)3 and NaNO2: Discovery of a New Readily Available Class of Fungicides, 4‐Nitropyrazolin‐5‐ones
Authors: Krylov Igor B. , Budnikov Alexander S. , Lopat'eva Elena R. , Nikishin Gennady I. , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract4‐Nitropyrazolin‐5‐ones have been synthesized by the nitration of pyrazolin‐5‐ones at room temperature by employing the Fe(NO3)3/NaNO2 system. The method demonstrated selectivity towards the 4‐position of pyrazolin‐5‐ones even in the presence of NPh and allyl substituents, which are sensitive to nitration. It was shown that other systems containing FeIII and nitrites, namely Fe(NO3)3/tBuONO, Fe(ClO4)3/NaNO2, and Fe(ClO4)3/tBuONO, were also effective. Presumably, FeIII oxidizes the nitrite (NaNO2 or tBuONO) to form the NO2 free radical, which serves as the nitrating agent for pyrazolin‐5‐ones. The synthesized 4‐nitropyrazolin‐5‐ones were discovered to be a new class of fungicides. Their in vitro activities against phytopathogenic fungi were found comparable or even superior to those of commercial fungicides (fluconazole, clotrimazole, triadimefon, and kresoxim‐methyl). These results represent a promising starting point for the development of a new type of plant protection agents that can be easily synthesized from widely available reagents.
Theoretical and Crystallographic Study of Lead(IV) Tetrel Bonding Interactions
Authors: Franconetti Antonio , Frontera Antonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ability of tetrahedral lead(IV) to establish noncovalent σ‐hole tetrel bonding interactions with electron‐rich atoms (ElRs; anions and Lewis bases) has been studied at the PBE0‐D3/def2‐TZVPD level of theory. An analysis of the Cambridge Crystallographic Database (CSD), which is a convenient storehouse of geometric information, has been performed to investigate the existence of tetrel bonding interactions involving tetrahedral lead(IV) derivatives. Several examples of tetrel bonding interactions that are crucial in crystal packing, ranging from 0D to 2D assemblies, have been found. In addition to the energetic and theoretical study of several XPb(CH3)3⋅⋅⋅ElR complexes (X=F, CN, CF3, and CH3), Bader's theory of atoms in molecules has also been used to further analyze and characterize the noncovalent interactions described herein.
B(C6F5)3‐Enabled Synthesis of a Cyclic cis‐Arsaphosphene
Authors: Mehta Meera , McGrady John E. , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of an (arsino)phosphaketene, As(PCO){[N(Dipp)](CH2)}2 (Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) is reported along with its subsequent reactivity with B(C6F5)3. When reacted in a stoichiometric ratio, B(C6F5)3 drove the insertion of the P=C bond of the phosphaketene into one of the As−N bonds of the arsino functionality, affording an acid‐stabilized, seven‐membered, cyclic arsaphosphene. In contrast, when catalytic amounts of B(C6F5)3 were employed, dimeric species, which formed through a formal [2+2] cycloaddition of the cyclic arsaphosphene, were generated. The cyclic arsaphosphene product represents the first example of such a compound in which the two substituents are arranged in a cis‐configuration.
Identification of Anti‐Mycobacterial Biofilm Agents Based on the 2‐Aminoimidazole Scaffold
Authors: Nguyen T. Vu , Minrovic Bradley M. , Melander Roberta J. , Melander Christian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health problem for which new therapeutic options are sorely needed. The ability of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to reside within host macrophages and form biofilm‐like communities contributes to the persistent and drug‐tolerant nature of the disease. Compounds that can prevent or reverse the biofilm‐like phenotype have the potential to serve alongside TB antibiotics to overcome this tolerance, and decrease treatment duration. Using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a surrogate organism, we report the identification of two new 2‐aminoimidazole compounds that inhibit and disperse mycobacterial biofilms, work synergistically with isoniazid and rifampicin to eradicate preformed M. smegmatis biofilms in vitro, are nontoxic toward Galleria mellonella, and exhibit stability in mouse plasma.
Evaluation of the accuracy of Demirjian's method for estimating chronological age from dental age in Shiraz, Iran: Using geometric morphometrics method
Authors: Kermani Masood , Tabatabaei Yazdi Fatemeh , Abed Haghighi Matin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKnowing the growth and developmental stages of a child or an adolescent allows for a comparison between their developmental and chronological age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of dental age estimation by Demirjian's method and to examine the applicability of Demirjian's method to Iranian children and adolescents. To do so, we investigated the relationship between chronological and dental age in a total of 158 children (81 female and 77 male) from Shiraz. The present study, for the first time, employs geometric morphometrics, a relatively new technique, to offer an accurate quantitative assessment of Demirjian's method. The correlation coefficient between chronological and dental age showed a significant relationship between dental age and chronological age. The average of the chronological age difference between girls and boys at the time of reaching the same stages of dental development was 0.77 years, which meant girls reached each stage of dental development 9 months earlier than their male peers. According to the results of this study, although the use of Demirjian's method in estimating the age of children in the city of Shiraz has acceptable accuracy, more precise studies are recommended to calibrate the method and develop a table adjusted to reflect development in the Iranian population.
Shielding Effect of Micelle for Highly Effective and Selective Monofluorination of Indoles in Water
Authors: Bora Pranjal P. , Bihani Manisha , Plummer Scott , Gallou Fabrice , Handa Sachin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHighly selective direct monofluorination of indoles and arenes was developed through an approach that allows site‐specific solubility of substrate and fluorine source in the micelle. This approach was highly selective for a broad range of substrates with excellent functional group tolerance. Differences in binding constant and solubility of indoles and arenes in the micelle allowed the fine‐tuning of selectivity. Control experiments suggested a radical pathway and provided insight into the role of micelles of the environmentally benign amphiphile PS‐750‐M. Dynamic light scattering experiments strongly indicated the site‐specific solubility of the substrate and fluorine source. The methodology was successfully adapted to gram scale, and the E‐factor established from a recycle study indicated that the process is environmentally responsible and sustainable.
Hair cortisol as a measure of the stress response to social adversity in young children
Authors: Bryson Hannah E. , Goldfeld Sharon , Price Anna M. H. , Mensah Fiona 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHair cortisol has the potential to provide insight into young children's long‐term stress response to social adversity. This study investigated associations between children's exposure to adversity from pregnancy to 2 years of age and their hair cortisol at 2 years, using a longitudinal cohort of children enriched for adversity risk, whose mothers were recruited during pregnancy through the “right@home” trial. Exposures were 18 maternal socioeconomic and psychosocial indicators of adversity, examined as concurrent, cumulative, and longitudinal exposure from pregnancy to 2 years. Hair samples were analyzed from 319/603 (53%) children participating at 2 years. Multivariable regression analyses for concurrent exposure showed three indicators of adversity were associated with higher hair cortisol (housing tenure of public rental, paying board or living rent free; not living in a safe place; higher maternal stress symptoms), one with lower hair cortisol (housing problems), and 14 indicators with no evidence of association. There was no evidence of association for the cumulative adversity count. Longitudinal exposure showed “intermittent” and “persistent” high maternal stress symptoms were associated with higher hair cortisol. The small number of associations identified suggests that hair cortisol is limited as a measure of stress response to social adversity in children at 2 years.
A management case study for a new commercial fishery: brine shrimp harvesting in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA
Authors: Belovsky Gary E. , Perschon W. Clay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA fishery for brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) cysts to supply the aquaculture industry considerably expanded in the late 1980s in the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. With this expansion, concerns emerged in the 1990s about the fishery's sustainability, especially its impact on the abundant western North American waterbirds that use the lake and feed on brine shrimp. We track the development of management strategies using adaptive management by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), which focused on the biology of the system and development of biology‐based harvesting models. The models and their rationale are presented, their success in forecasting is evaluated, and implications for managing the harvest and conserving waterbirds are examined. We view this as an interesting case study because it transpired over a short time in a relatively simple system. This permitted us to clearly track management from the onset of a harvest market, through realization that the harvest had to be managed in the absence of needed biological knowledge, to the adaptive development of management strategies as biological knowledge was accumulated. The outcome illustrates the success that harvest management can attain with careful monitoring of the resource and terminating the harvest when a necessary escapement stock is attained.