bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A concept analysis of young adults; Perception of HIV Counselling and Testing
Authors: Risenga Patrone R. , Davhana-Maselesele Mashudu 
Published: April 2018

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate perceptions of young adults regarding HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) and the factors contributing to either negative or positive perceptions towards the programme. This article is a report of a concept analysis of young adults' perceptions of HCT that were collected during the study.Background: Perception forms the core of HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) use by young adults, because it is from these perceptions that young adults will decide to follow an HCT programme or not, depending on how they perceive the programme. HCT as an entry point in HIV and AIDS services should be accessible and young adults' perceptions towards the programme be promoted in order to assist them to develop positive perceptions towards the programme, which will enhance its uptake.Data sources: A literature search was undertaken using internet search engines, different journals, websites and electronic literature indexes. A sample of 60 documents met the criteria. The inclusion criterion was any article addressing perceptions in psychology, social sciences, nursing and education were reviewed.Review method: A concept analysis was conducted according to the steps of Rodger andKnafl (2000); Walker and Avant (2005) and Wilson (1963).Results: Perception has been defined as a constructive process that relies on a top-down processing. This entails that people make inferences about what they see and try to make a best guess as to what the object is all about. Attributes for perception were defined as intensity and physical dimension of stimulus, past experiences, and attention factors such as readiness to respond to the stimulus, motivation and emotional state of the subject. Consequences include increasedHCTuptake by young adults, a positive lifestyle, a reduction in the spreading of HIV and AIDS and lowered HIV statistics amongst young adults.Conclusion: The study findings related to HCT and perceptions paved the way towards a further understanding of HCT as an entry programme in HIV/AIDS services or programmes in relation to young adults. The ability of young adults to use their auditory senses to hear the nurses talk about HCT and HIV, the ability to see the attitudes displayed by HCT counsellors, and their perceptions with regard to lack of privacy, together with a lack of treatment for HIV made young adults to perceive HCT programme as being of less importance to them.
Reported exposure to trauma among adult patients referred for psychological services at the Free State Psychiatric Complex, Bloemfontein
Authors: Van Zyl Laurisa , Nel Carla , Du Toit Martie , Joubert Gina 
Published: April 2018

Background: Information regarding lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events is critical in the management of various psychiatric disorders. Recent South African research suggests high levels of trauma exposure in the general population, however, the prevalence and type of potentially traumatic events among tertiary psychiatric patients are unknown.Objective: The study aimed to explore and describe the extent and nature of reported potentially traumatic events and associated variables in adult patients referred for psychological services at the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC), Bloemfontein.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, demographic information, diagnostic morbidity and co-morbidity, and presence and type of reported trauma exposure reported by patients during the initial assessment were obtained from files of adult patients seen during a one-year period (2010) at the out-patient unit and the in-patient affective ward at the FSPC. Data were captured on data record forms by the researchers and analysed by means of descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and logistic regression (SAS version 9.1).Results: Of the 192 adults (71.9% White and 67.2% female) referred for psychological services,75.5% were diagnosed with mood disorders, 17.2% with anxiety disorders, 22.4% with substance-related disorders and 20.9% with cluster B personality disorders or traits. A total of 145 (75.5%) reported past trauma exposure. The most frequently reported types of trauma exposure were traumatic death/injury of a loved one (37.0%), physical assault (24.5%), witnessed/threatened violence (19.3%), and sexual assault (17.7%). Women were more likely to have been exposed to trauma than men (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.87–8.62), in particular to traumatic death of a loved one (OR 3.13), physical assault (OR 4.08), or sexual assault (OR 5.43).Conclusions: The findings of this study contribute to current data regarding the prevalence of exposure to trauma and its possible association with mental illness. The importance of comprehensive trauma exposure screening in routine psychiatric interviewing practices is highlighted.
An elderly, urban population: Their experiences and expectations of pharmaceutical services in community pharmacies
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Alta , Kotze Irma , Lubbe Martie S. , Cockeran Marike 
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the pharmaceutical services experiences of an elderly, urban population in relation to their expectations in community pharmacy.Design: and setting: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive empirical study and was conducted by means of a structured questionnaire, designed and administered by there searcher, in face-to-face interviews at an old age residence in the participants' own dwellings (N = 242). The management of this specific village approached the researcher about healthcare concerns for their residents and granted permission for this study to be conducted.Main outcome and results: The sample population of elderly patients (n = 67) had a higher expectation of community pharmacists, in terms of pharmaceutical services, than what they had experienced. Significant differences were found in all aspects examined. Effect size, amongst others, revealed that expectations were not met in discussions about the effect of other medicines on their chronic medicine (d = 1.94); whether they had any medicines left from previous issues (d = 1.77) and questions regarding existing chronic conditions (d = 1.69). There was an association between questions, regarding the use of chronic medicines at pharmacies and at other healthcare professionals (d =0.26), as well as the supply of written information at pharmacies and other healthcare professionals (d = 0.42). The study reveals that this population has expectations of their community pharmacists that are not met.Conclusions: Pharmacists can be active members of the healthcare team and restore their professional image in the eyes of the community, if they renew their attitudes, have confidence in their abilities and understand their role in patient care. The community pharmacist should focus on the health-related quality of life of the individual patient and identify the immediate healthcare needs of their unique community, with specific reference to vulnerable populations like the elderly. Pharmacists should establish themselves as the go-to healthcare professional.
Evidence-based recommendations to facilitate professional collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners
Authors: Van Rooyen Rachel M. , Pretorius Blanche , Tembani Nomazwi M. , Ten Ham-Baloyi Wilma 
Published: April 2018

Background: Globally, and in South Africa, there is an increased demand for consulting both traditional and allopathic health practitioners. As both health practitioners are working within the same communities, their respective practices could complement or undermine the health of consumers using both health services. Professional collaboration between traditional and allopathic health practitioners is therefore desirable and requires collaboration between the systems, which is currently legislated by the Traditional Health Practitioners Act 22 of 2007. However, in the Eastern Cape, no evidence-based recommendations were found that facilitated the collaborative relationship between the two health practitioner groups.Purpose of the research: To develop evidence-based recommendations aimed at facilitating professional collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners for the benefit of patients.Methodology: Descriptive evidence-based recommendations to enhance professional collaboration between both groups of health practitioners were developed based on focus group interviews with allopathic practitioners (n = 10) and individual interviews with traditional health practitioners (n = 18) (traditional health practitioners (n = 14) and traditional healers who are also allopathic health practitioners (n = 4)) practising in the Amathole District in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Dickoff et al.'s (1968) Survey List wasused as a conceptual framework.Results: Collaboration was hampered by allopathic practitioners demonstrating negative attitudes by not referring patients to traditional practitioners based on lack of knowledge and mutual understanding of each other's practices. Suggestions for collaboration made by both groups resulted in the development of two distinct sets of evidence-based recommendations.The first set of recommendations aims to enhance professional collaboration between both groups of health practitioners. This is done through facilitating mutual understanding based on respect and acceptance between the different practitioners. The second set of recommendations aims to enhance professional collaboration through facilitating open communication between different practitioners.Conclusion: These evidence-based recommendations can be used to facilitate professional collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners resulting in mutual understanding and open communication, enhancing team work in a multi-professional environment, and ultimately leading to improved patient care.
Nurses experiences regarding staffing patterns in the surgical wards of a private hospital in Gauteng South Africa
Authors: Malatji Moloko , Ally Hafisa , Makhene Agnes 
Published: April 2018

Background: Staffing patterns refers to the number and types or categories of staff assigned to the particular wards in a hospital. Staffing patterns that accommodate imbalanced patient to nurse ratios can affect nursing staff negatively. The negative experiences increased emotional stress, physical exhaustion, high nurse turnover and consequences of poor patient outcomes. The high patient to nurse ratios and the profitability factor of private hospitals virtually dictates the type of staffing patterns that are used in these wards. As such, the current staffing patterns appear to require nursing staff to work longer shifts as well as overtime work without a choice, the consequences of which are the effects highlighted above.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe nurses' experiences regarding staffing patterns in the surgical wards of a private hospital in Gauteng in order to develop recommendations for staffing patterns in these wards.Methodology: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Data was collected by means of in-depth semi structured individual interviews from a purposive sample of professional nurses working in the surgical wards of this hospital. Data was analysed using Tesch's method of qualitative thematic analysis. Principles of trustworthiness and ethical principles to ensure the protection of human rights were applied throughout the study.Results: The findings of the study revealed one central theme which reflected that participants experienced the staffing patterns of the surgical wards negatively. Two main themes emerged as, nurses had negative experiences in the surgical wards as well as negative emotional experiences related to the staffing patterns.Conclusion: It is evident from the findings of the study that nurses are experiencing staffing patterns negatively.
Experiences of registered nurses caring for patients with an open abdomen in an intensive care unit in Gauteng
Authors: Chipu Mpho G. , Kearns Irene , Nel Wanda E. 
Published: April 2018

The researcher observed that nurses prefer not to nurse patients with an open abdomen as they fear that the abdominal contents will protrude. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of registered nurses taking care of patients with an open abdomen in intensive care in an academic hospital in Gauteng, and to provide recommendations for registered nurses when taking care of patients with an open abdomen. The research design used was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design. Focus group interviews were conducted with each group comprising six participants. The research question was: What are the experiences of registered nurses caring for patients with an open abdomen in an intensive care unit? What recommendations can be made to assist registered nurses in taking care of patients with an open abdomen in an intensive care unit? The data was analysed using Tesch's method. Three themes emerged: Difficulty in nursing care, complications such as fistula and infections, and poor hospital administration. Recommendations for assisting registered nurses in taking care of patients with an open abdomen were then made based on the findings of the four focus group interviews. Ethical principles and measures of trustworthiness were adhered to throughout the research study.
Quelques remarques sur une épidémie de grippe équine qui sévit en décembre 1965 à l’annexe de l’Institut Pasteur de Garches
Authors: Reculard Pierre , Cateigne Geneviève , Thibon M. , Labert D. , Girard O. 
Published: April 2018

Au début du mois de décembre 1965 une épidémie de grippe équine a éclaté dans les écuries de l’Institut Pasteur de Garches où 22 p. 100 de l’effectif furent atteints. Le taux de mortalité fut de 4 p. 100. Dix souches furent isolées ; l’étude antigénique de ces souches fut effectuée comparativement aux diverses souches équines antérieurement isolées en Europe et en Amérique.
Un vaccin quadrivalent a été préparé, il est en cours d’expérimentation.
Essais d’infection de l’œuf de Cane par Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Simitch Tchédomir , Bordjochki A. , Petrovitch Zl. , Savin Z. , Mikovitch Z. 
Published: April 2018

En résumé, les auteurs ont suivi la ponte, l’infection des œufs et des organes internes chez 6 canes pondeuses, auxquelles il a été préalablement inoculé dans la veine axillaire 30 à 60 millions de Toxoplasmes provenant d’une souche isolée d’un canard.
L’inoculation des Toxoplasmes dans le sang arrêta la ponte des 6 canes. Elles recommencèrent à pondre 30 jours après l’administration du parasite. Les 37 œufs pondus (mélange du blanc et du jaune) ont été administrés par la bouche à la dose de 3 ml, à 37 C. citellus. Après 90 jours d’observation ils ont été sacrifiés et trouvés indemnes. Chez 5 canes sur 6 l’inoculation des Toxoplasmes dans la veine axillaire fut positive et le parasite a pu être isolé par l’intermédiaire de C. citellus même 13 jours après l’intervention.
Cependant, ni par l’examen microscopique direct des frottis de la rate, du foie, du poumon, du cerveau, de l’ovaire et de l’oviducte de ces canes sacrifiées 88 à 95 jours après l’opération, ni par C. citellus infectés avec des émulsions des organes mentionnés ci-dessus et par les œufs le parasite n’a pu être découvert.
Prophylaxie de la septicémie des veaux, par colonisation artificielle avec des microbes
Authors: Mayr A. , Schliesser Th. , Plank P. , Herkner G. 
Published: April 2018

L’efficacité d’une colonisation artificielle de microbes non pathogènes dans le naso-pharynx, en tant que prophylaxie anti-infectieuse chez le veau nouveau-né, a été étudiée dans les conditions de la pratique. La colonisation microbienne a été réalisée immédiatement après la naissance, grâce à l’administration intranasale d’un mélange de bactéries, contenant environ 107 microbes vivants appartenant à 3 souches non pathogènes de bactéries des genres Micrococcus, Streptococcus et Corynebacterium. Les résultats suivants ont été notés :
1. — La suspension microbienne est dénuée de toute nocivité et elle est bien tolérée par les veaux nouveau-nés même mis au monde par césarienne.
2. — Dans 38 élevages où sévit la septicémie, 12 (= 7 p. 100) des 171 veaux traités prophylactiquement ont été malades et 2 sont morts. Parmi les 319 veaux-contrôles non traités des mêmes élevages et de la même période de vêlage, 114 (= 35,7 p. 100) sont devenus malades, et 24 sont morts.
3. — Dans 5 élevages infectés, le taux de morbidité chez les ani¬ maux traités a été comparé avec les pertes survenues au cours de périodes de vêlage précédentes. Sur 107 veaux traités, 5 (4,6 p. 100) ont été malades et 2 sont morts. Parmi les 232 animaux non traités, 78 (= 33,8 p. 100) ont été malades et 27 sont morts.
La colonisation microbienne artificielle du naso-pharynx de veau nouveau-né est donc considérée comme une mesure prophylactique efficace contre les maladies infectieuses de la période néonatale.
Un cas de brucellose canine à Brucella abortus
Authors: Philippon A. , Roumy B. , Renoux G. , Lagneau  
Published: April 2018

Une chienne, Berger des Pyrénées, vivant dans un élevage bovin, est trouvée porteuse de B. abortus, biotype I, sept mois après avoir avorté. L’infection de cette chienne et celle d’un taureau sont concomitantes.
Cette observation permet de rappeler et résumer les principales publications qui montrent la grande importance des chiens comme vecteurs de la brucellose.
Satellite-based trends of solar radiation and cloud parameters in Europe
Authors: Pfeifroth Uwe , Bojanowski Jedrzej S. , Clerbaux Nicolas , Manara Veronica , Sanchez-Lorenzo Arturo , Trentmann Jörg , Walawender Jakub P. , Hollmann Rainer 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Solar radiation is the main driver of the Earth's climate. Measuring solar radiation and analysing its interaction with clouds are essential for the understanding of the climate system. The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) generates satellite-based, high-quality climate data records, with a focus on the energy balance and water cycle. Here, multiple of these data records are analyzed in a common framework to assess the consistency in trends and spatio-temporal variability of surface solar radiation, top-of-atmosphere reflected solar radiation and cloud fraction. This multi-parameter analysis focuses on Europe and covers the time period from 1992 to 2015. A high correlation between these three variables has been found over Europe. An overall consistency of the climate data records reveals an increase of surface solar radiation and a decrease in top-of-atmosphere reflected radiation. In addition, those trends are confirmed by negative trends in cloud cover. This consistency documents the high quality and stability of the CM SAF climate data records, which are mostly derived independently from each other. The results of this study indicate that one of the main reasons for the positive trend in surface solar radiation since the 1990's is a decrease in cloud coverage even if an aerosol contribution cannot be completely ruled out.
Regional evapotranspiration from an image-based implementation of the Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC1.2) model and its validation across an aridity gradient in the conterminous US
Authors: Bhattarai Nishan , Mallick Kaniska , Brunsell Nathaniel A. , Sun Ge , Jain Meha 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Recent studies have highlighted the need for improved characterizations of
aerodynamic conductance and temperature (gA and T0) in
thermal remote-sensing-based surface energy balance (SEB) models to reduce
uncertainties in regional-scale evapotranspiration (ET) mapping. By
integrating radiometric surface temperature (TR) into the
Penman–Monteith (PM) equation and finding analytical solutions
of gA and T0, this need was recently addressed by the
Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC) model. However, previous
implementations of STIC were confined to the ecosystem-scale using flux tower
observations of infrared temperature. This study demonstrates the first
regional-scale implementation of the most recent version of the STIC
model (STIC1.2) that integrates the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS) derived TR and ancillary land surface variables in
conjunction with NLDAS (North American Land Data Assimilation System)
atmospheric variables into a combined structure of the PM and
Shuttleworth–Wallace (SW) framework for estimating ET at
1 km × 1 km spatial resolution. Evaluation of STIC1.2 at 13
core AmeriFlux sites covering a broad spectrum of climates and biomes across
an aridity gradient in the conterminous US suggests that STIC1.2 can provide
spatially explicit ET maps with reliable accuracies from dry to wet extremes.
When observed ET from one wet, one dry, and one normal precipitation year
from all sites were combined, STIC1.2 explained 66 % of the variability in
observed 8-day cumulative ET with a root mean square error (RMSE) of
7.4 mm/8-day, mean absolute error (MAE) of 5 mm/8-day, and percent
bias (PBIAS) of −4 %. These error statistics showed relatively better
accuracies than a widely used but previous version of the SEB-based Surface Energy
Balance System (SEBS) model, which utilized a simple NDVI-based
parameterization of surface roughness (zOM), and the PM-based MOD16
ET. SEBS was found to overestimate (PBIAS = 28 %) and MOD16 was found to underestimate
ET (PBIAS = −26 %).
The performance of STIC1.2 was
better in forest and grassland ecosystems as compared to cropland (20 %
underestimation) and woody savanna (40 % overestimation). Model
inter-comparison suggested that ET differences between the models are
robustly correlated with gA and associated roughness length
estimation uncertainties which are intrinsically connected to
TR uncertainties, vapor pressure deficit (DA), and
vegetation cover. A consistent performance of STIC1.2 in a broad range of
hydrological and biome categories, as well as the capacity to capture
spatio-temporal ET signatures across an aridity gradient, points to the
potential for this simplified analytical model for near-real-time ET mapping
from regional to continental scales.