bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth engagement in global conservation governance
Authors: Sithole Samantha S. , Walters Gretchen M. , Mbatha Philile , Matose Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractYouth are increasingly recognized for their important role in shaping environmental decisions surrounding conservation. Regrettably, youth who are crucial decision‐makers are often excluded from environmental governance spaces due to structural barriers, both economic and political. As highlighted by recent environmental justice literature, this marginalization hinders their active participation in the decision‐making process. The recent publication of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Youth Strategy 2022–2030 has brought prominent environmental organizations into the debate. The IUCN World Conservation Congress (WCC) presents a useful example from which to understand how youth access and participate in decision‐making at the highest level of governance in a prominent global conservation organization. We used event ethnography and participant observation methods to study the WCC Forum in Marseille, France (2021). We sought to examine the geopolitical intricacies of power and the underlying inequalities at the root of youth engagement, or lack thereof. We considered the IUCN's engagement with youth, outlining the process from previous resolutions and recommendations to the publication of the IUCN Youth Strategy in 2022. The results from the youth narratives we compiled showed that youth are not a monolith, that tokenism should be challenged, and that youth have agency but require support. We argue that when youth are mobilized in metalevel decision‐making spaces, their engagement is stratified and unequal. We situated youth engagement in decision‐making through the perspective of environmental organizations as a contribution to environmental governance and youth literature.
Adivasi (Tea Tribe) worldviews of living close to wild Asian elephants in Assam, India
Authors: Banerjee Sayan , Nayak Dibakar , Sinha Anindya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn Assam state, northeastern India, human–elephant conflict mitigation has included technocentric measures, such as installation of barriers, alternative livelihoods, and afforestation. Such measures treat conflict as a technical problem with linear cause–effect relations and are usually ineffective over the long term because they do not consider how historical conditions have shaped present interactions between humans and elephants. Human–elephant encounters in South Asia, including in Assam, have arisen from colonial and postcolonial land‐use policies, ethnic relations, and capital extraction. To disentangle these relations, we conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Udalguri district of Assam among the Adivasi (Tea Tribe) to examine their interactions with wild elephants. Through socioecological ruptures, caused by displacement and deforestation, Adivasi (Tea Tribe) and elephant lives have intersected through space and time. Adivasi (Tea Tribe) life narratives and observations of daily encounters with elephants revealed that their interactions are multifaceted and motivated by multiple factors. Myths and oral testimonies revealed that the community has created conceptualizations of the elephant by closely observing their behavior, especially their movements, diets, vocalizations, and interactions with humans. These conceptualizations are filled with vignettes of shared marginalized lives, caused by the loss of homeland, food poverty, and uncertain ways of living. The empathy, expressed by the Adivasi (Tea Tribe), highlights ways of living with elephants that are affective and reach beyond technocentric interventions. For Adivasi (Tea Tribe) members, cohabitation could thus be achieved by living close to elephants as uneasy neighbors. Concepts of cohabitation, we suggest, could be harnessed to inform conservation policy and bring into focus the critically important—and yet often underutilized—values, encompassed by bottom‐up, place‐centric understandings of what elephants are and how coexistence may be possible in increasingly anthropogenic landscapes.
Creating constellations of coexistence through connections between people in human–wildlife conflict areas
Authors: Green Aalayna R. , Chakrabarti Stotra , Shivakumar Shweta , Hughes Courtney , Banerjee Sayan , Kinyanjui Maureen W. , Mbizah Moreangels M. , Ohrens Omar , Thiemkey Abigail R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict (HWC) is a critical challenge to human development and well‐being and threatens biodiversity conservation. Ideally, HWC mitigation should benefit both wildlife and communities and limit the costs associated with living alongside wildlife. However, place‐ and context‐dependent realizations of conflict are often overlooked in HWC mitigation. Social and systemic dimensions of human–wildlife relationships often receive limited consideration in HWC as a concept and in mitigation strategies implemented globally. In recognizing our collective symmetries as a diverse group of researchers, we pose the idea of constellations of coexistence, based on Atallah et al.’s “constellation of co‐resistance.” Building on literature and our interdisciplinary and cross‐sectoral experiences of working with diverse species inhabiting different sociocultural, sociopolitical, and socioeconomic landscapes, we considered evidence of cultural nuances (e.g., sociocultural dimensions of human–elephant and human–lion interactions in East Africa and India) in HWC mitigation and argue that failing to incorporate them in mainstream practices poses a myriad of ethical and practical consequences. Locally situated but globally relevant, participation of local and Indigenous communities in HWC mitigation activities produces better conservation outcomes. Centering communities in the ideation, implementation, and evaluation of HWC mitigation promotes more equitable and sustainable management strategies for long‐term human–wildlife coexistence.
The impact of an integrated alcohol policy: The example of Lithuania
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Lange Shannon , Miščikienė Laura , Jiang Huan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough integrated alcohol policies, characterised by being consistent, structurally connected and interdependent, are considered to be best practices, very few evaluations of such policies exist. We evaluated the impact of two phases of integrated alcohol policies implemented in Lithuania in 2008/2009 and 2017/2018 on adult (15+ years of age) alcohol per capita consumption.MethodsAlcohol per capita consumption was the main outcome, based on national data from Statistics Lithuania. Time‐series analyses using generalised additive mixed models were used, and unrecorded consumption trends were examined. A sensitivity analysis was conducted with data from the World Health Organization.ResultsThe two phases of integrated alcohol policies were associated with average reductions in adult alcohol per capita consumption of almost 1 litre (−0.88 L; 95% confidence interval −1.43; −0.34). Sensitivity analyses with comparable international data on Lithuania yielded similar results.Discussion and ConclusionsIntegrated alcohol policies had a substantial effect on the average level of consumption. However, the effect of major single policies for Lithuania and other Baltic countries has been estimated to be of about the same magnitude. We conclude that in order to be successful, integrated alcohol policies should include at least one major effective population‐based policy.
Hazardous drinking by age at migration and duration of residence among migrants in Sweden
Authors: Berg Lisa , Juárez Sol P. , Honkaniemi Helena , Rostila Mikael , Dunlavy Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionSweden, with its history of restrictive alcohol policies and a large and diverse migrant population, constitutes an interesting context for studies on alcohol consumption patterns in migrant groups. This study examines how hazardous drinking among migrants in Sweden varies by origin, duration of residence and age at migration.MethodsPooled cross‐sectional survey data from the Västra Götaland region of Sweden, collected in 2011 and 2015, were linked to register data containing demographic, socioeconomic and migration‐related factors (i.e., country of birth, duration of residence, age at migration), for 7754 migrants and 68,493 Swedish‐born individuals aged 18–84 years. Logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hazardous drinking, identified by the validated Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.ResultsRelative to Swedish‐born individuals, migrants from other Nordic countries had higher odds of hazardous drinking (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.77), while migrants from other European (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44–0.69) and non‐European (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.20–0.31) countries showed lower likelihoods. Among non‐Nordic migrants in particular, hazardous drinking was more common among those with a longer duration of residence and those who migrated at pre‐school ages.Discussion and ConclusionsHazardous drinking among non‐Nordic migrants increasingly resembled that of the Swedish‐born population over time, aligning with findings in less restrictive alcohol policy contexts. Understanding how drinking patterns vary among migrant groups over time and across policy contexts is essential for developing effective public health strategies to reduce hazardous consumption and associated health and social harms.
Genome‐wide methylation profiling of maternal cell‐free DNA using methylated DNA sequencing (MeD‐seq) indicates a placental and immune‐cell signature
Authors: van Vliet Marjolein M. , Boers Ruben G. , Boers Joachim B. , Schäffers Olivier J. M. , van der Meeren Lotte E. , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P. M. , Gribnau Joost , Schoenmakers Sam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlacental‐originated cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) provides unique opportunities to study (epi)genetic placental programming remotely, but studies investigating the cfDNA methylome are scarce and usually technologically challenging. Methylated DNA sequencing (MeD‐seq) is well compatible with low cfDNA concentrations and has a high genome‐wide coverage. We therefore aim to investigate the feasibility of genome‐wide methylation profiling of first trimester maternal cfDNA using MeD‐seq, by identifying placental‐specific methylation marks in cfDNA.MethodsWe collected cfDNA from nonpregnant controls (female n = 6, male n = 12) and pregnant women (n = 10), first trimester placentas (n = 10), and paired preconceptional and first trimester buffy coats (total n = 20). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between pregnant and nonpregnant women. We investigated placental‐specific markers in maternal cfDNA, including RASSF1 promoter and Y‐chromosomal methylation, and studied overlap with placental and buffy coat DNA methylation.ResultsWe identified 436 DMRs between cfDNA from pregnant and nonpregnant women, which were validated using male cfDNA. RASSF1 promoter methylation was higher in maternal cfDNA (fold change 2.87, unpaired t‐test p < .0001). Differential methylation of Y‐chromosomal sequences could determine fetal sex. DMRs in maternal cfDNA showed large overlap with DNA methylation of these regions in placentas and buffy coats. Sixteen DMRs in maternal cfDNA were specifically found only in placentas. These novel potential placental‐specific DMRs were more prominent than RASSF1.ConclusionsMeD‐seq can detect (novel) genome‐wide placental DNA methylation marks and determine fetal sex in maternal cfDNA. Our results indicate a placental and immune‐cell contribution to the pregnancy‐specific cfDNA methylation signature. This study supports future research into maternal cfDNA methylation.
Identifying the causes of chronic unilateral nasal discharge in the horse
Authors: Dixon P. M. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThis article briefly reviews the causes of unilateral nasal discharge associated with sinonasal disease in the horse. While computed tomographic and radiographic imaging are often of great diagnostic value, clinical and nasal endoscopic examinations are the initial steps in investigating these disorders. This article reviews the use of oral examination and nasal endoscopy in the investigation of nasal discharge caused by sinonasal disease.
Adverse childhood experiences and infidelity: The mediating roles of anxious and avoidant attachment styles
Authors: Coyle Phoebe , Van Doorn George , Teese Robert , Dye Jacob 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInfidelity is any behavior that breaks the implied agreement of exclusivity within a romantic relationship and is a leading cause of divorce. Previous literature has established a relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and infidelity perpetration. As experiencing childhood adversity does not guarantee an individual will engage in infidelity, mechanisms explaining this relationship should be explored. We investigated whether avoidant and anxious attachment styles mediate the relationship between ACEs and cheating frequency. A sample of 584 participants aged 18–82 years (M = 35.31, SD = 11.68, 67.0% female) was recruited and completed online versions of the Childhood Experiences Survey—17, the Relationship Structures Questionnaire, and frequency of cheating behavior in their current or most recent relationship. After dichotomizing gender and testing assumptions, data from 553 participants were available for analysis. A parallel mediation provided support for the first hypothesis, and partial support for the second. Specifically, ACEs were positively associated with anxious and avoidant attachment styles, but only avoidant attachment was significantly and positively associated with cheating frequency. As such, only avoidant attachment acted in a manner consistent with a mediator in the relationship between ACEs and infidelity. This result suggests a potential link between childhood adversity and the development of both avoidant and anxious attachment styles, but that individuals with an avoidant attachment style are more likely to engage in infidelity. These findings provide insight into the role attachment styles play in infidelity post‐childhood adversity, and have the potential to guide therapeutic interventions for affected individuals.
Body mass index at birth and early life and colorectal cancer: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis in European and East Asian genetic similarity populations
Authors: Papadimitriou Nikos , Murphy Neil , Jenab Mazda , Chen Zhishan , Brenner Hermann , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Le Marchand Loic , Moreno Victor , Platz Elizabeth A. , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J. B. , Cheng Iona , Pai Rish K. , Phipps Amanda I. , Peters Ulrike , Zheng Wei , Hughes David J. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryBackgroundVarying obesogenic inherited predisposition in early to later life may differentially impact colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, conducted in populations of European genetic similarity, have not observed any significant associations between early life body weight with CRC risk. However, it remains unclear whether body mass index (BMI) at different early lifetime points is causally related with CRC risk in both Europeans and East Asian populations.ObjectivesWe conducted a two‐sample MR study to investigate potential causal relationships between genetically predicted BMI during early life (birth to 8 years old) and at specific periods (birth, transient, early rise and late rise) and CRC risk.MethodsSummary data were obtained from genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of BMI in 28 681 children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) study and applied to CRC GWAS data from European and East Asian descent populations (102 893 cases and 485 083 non‐cases).ResultsThere were no significant associations observed between early life BMI and CRC risk in European or East Asian populations. The effect estimates were similar in European studies (odds ratio [OR] per a 1‐standard deviation [SD] increase: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95, 1.07) and in East Asians (OR per a 1‐SD increase: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.14). Similar nonsignificant associations were found between time of BMI measurement during childhood and cancer‐site‐specific analyses.ConclusionsWe found little evidence of any associations between early life adiposity on later life CRC risk.
Impact of National Culture on the Transfer of Leadership Training
Authors: Yaghi Abdulfattah , Yaghi Majed , Yaghi Ihsan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOrganisations invest heavily in leadership training with the hope that managers will become better leaders. However, the success of these investments depends on the extent to which managers apply the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) they have acquired during their training to their job. Without this transfer, leadership training is ineffective. Despite extensive research on training transfer, there is a notable gap in understanding how national culture influences this process. This research aims to examine the impact of national culture on managers' ability to transfer leadership KSA in light of Hofstede's cultural theory. To achieve this, the focus group method was employed to gather qualitative data from 14 managers in Jordan; seven males and seven females. Thematic and narrative analyses confirmed the impact of national culture on training transfer. The six cultural dimensions have influenced the transfer of leadership training and, to a certain extent, shaped managers' organisational behaviour, regardless of gender. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how deeply ingrained cultural values and practices can either facilitate or impede the application of new knowledge and skills in the workplace. For instance, high power distance in Jordanian organisations hinders initiative‐taking and training transfer, while collectivist values facilitate teamwork and knowledge sharing. High uncertainty avoidance poses challenges in handling new situations, and a focus on short‐term goals reflects a lower long‐term orientation. Additionally, the narratives illustrate varying experiences and outcomes of leadership training transfer, influenced by the interplay of characters, setting, and cultural context. These insights have significant implications for designing and implementing leadership training programmes in culturally diverse settings. Practical recommendations include fostering supportive leadership, implementing mentorship programmes, developing recognition and reward systems, and incorporating change management components. By integrating these findings, organisations can enhance the effectiveness of leadership training and achieve a better return on investment.
Clinical Outcome of Cryoballoon Ablation for Long‐Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: From the Korean Cryballoon Ablation Registry
Authors: Lee Sung Ho , Moon Suhyeon , Cha Myung‐Jin , Lee So‐Ryoung , Kim Ju Youn , Kwon Chang Hee , Shim Jaemin , Park Junbeom , Kim Ki‐Hun , Yang Pil‐Sung , Kim Jun‐Hyung , Oh Il‐Young , Lim Hong Euy 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by cryoballoon ablation (CBA) is considered an effective primary strategy for early persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data regarding CBA for long‐standing persistent AF (PeAF) are limited. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of CBA for long‐standing PeAF compared to PeAF.MethodsThe study included 1484 patients with non‐paroxysmal AF from Korean CBA registry data with follow‐up of > 12 months after de novo CBA. The primary outcome was recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) of ≥ 30‐s after a 3‐month blanking period.ResultsA total of 367 PeAF (25%) and 1117 long‐standing PeAF (75.3%) patients (mean age 61.9 ± 9.6 years, 80% men) underwent de novo CBA. Compared to patients with PeAF, patients with long‐standing PeAF had more heart failure, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, chronic kidney disease, higher CHA2DS2‐VASc score, and larger left atrium (LA). During a mean follow‐up period of 15.1 ± 10.9 months, ATs recurrence occurred in 41.4% of PeAF and 40.1% of long‐standing PeAF. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.31, p = 0.01), larger LA ≥ 45 mm (HR: 1.53, p < .001) and LA volume index ≥ 51 mL/m2 (HR: 1.77, p < 0.001), and longer AF duration ≥ 5 years (HR: 1. 33, p = .003) were associated with ATs recurrence. After propensity score matching, larger LA was an independent factor for ATs recurrence.ConclusionsDuring a long‐term follow‐up period after index CBA in patients with non‐paroxysmal AF, ATs recurrence rate was similar between PeAF and long‐standing PeAF. CBA might be an effective strategy as an initial rhythm control therapy regardless of AF type.
Contamination of Disposable Distal Cap Duodenoscopes and Detachable Elevator Duodenoscopes After Reprocessing: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Buathong Jirayus , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Angsuwatcharakon Phonthep , Luangsukrerk Thanawat , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Piyachaturawat Panida , Kulpatcharapong Santi , Kongkam Pradermchai , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimTo reduce bacterial contamination after reprocessing, various new designs of duodenoscopes have been developed to better expose the elevator complex for cleaning. We compared the rates of bacterial contamination and organic residue in disposable distal cap duodenoscopes and detachable elevator duodenoscopes after manual cleaning and high‐level disinfection (HLD), as well as their cost‐effectiveness.MethodsA total of 162 duodenoscopes were randomly assigned to either Group A (disposable distal caps; n = 81) or Group B (detachable elevator; n = 81). A total of 324 samples from the elevator were collected for culture following manual cleaning (n = 81 in each group) and HLD (n = 81 in each group), followed by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing for organic residue.ResultsAfter manual cleaning, there was no difference in bacterial contamination rates (8.6% vs. 8.6%; p = 1.00) and mean ATP levels (164.6 ± 257.5 vs. 158.1 ± 286.1 RLUs; p = 0.88) between Groups A and B. After HLD, no bacterial contamination was observed in either group and the mean ATP levels were very low with no significant difference between the two groups (30.1 ± 45.3 vs. 37.5 ± 51.9 RLUs; p = 0.68). The expense in reprocessing (excluding the scope cost) for Group A was lower (2099 USD) than Group B (3854 USD) in providing comparable scope cleanliness.ConclusionAfter manual cleaning, the bacterial contamination rate and organic residue levels in detachable elevator duodenoscopes and disposable distal caps duodenoscopes were comparable. No bacterial contamination was detected in either type of duodenoscope after reprocessing. Apart from the initial differences in scope cost, the disposable distal cap duodenoscope had lower cost on disposable items to have comparable disinfection result.