bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMEX based multi‐scale time advancement in ODTLES
Authors: Glawe Christoph , Medina M. Juan A. , Schmidt Heiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper we overcome a key problem in an otherwise highly potential approach to study turbulent flows, ODTLES (One‐Dimensional Turbulence Large Eddy Simulation). From a methodological point of view, ODTLES is an approach in between Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and averaged/filtered approaches like RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes) or LES (Large Eddy Simulations). In ODTLES, a set of 1D ODT models is embedded in a coarse grained 3D LES. On the ODT scale, the turbulent advection is modeled as a sequence of stochastic eddy events, also known as triplet maps, while the other (deterministic) terms are fully resolved in space (along the ODT‐line) and time. Schmidt et al. first (2008) introduced ODTLES and Gonzalez et al. (2011) applied the model for a variety of wall‐bounded flow problems. Although the results were notable for a first proof of concept, the numerical methods used are subject to debate. First of all, an unstable discretization for the large scale 3D advective terms was used, as shown by Glawe (2015). This scheme can be stabilized by reducing the CFL number for the explicitly discretized LES terms down to the order of the small scale ODT time step, but this of course reduces the advantage of the ODTLES multi‐scale approach. The stochastic ODT eddies were also allowed to overlap two LES cells introducing an artificial smoothing (stabilizing) effect. Glawe (2015) limited the overlap consistently to one LES cell and used a stable Runge Kutta (RK) discretization, maintaining, however the low CFL number problem. In this paper we adapt a new implicit/explicit (IMEX) time scheme to ODTLES in order to remedy the small CFL number issue. For the problems investigated, the results indicate a performance increase of the IMEX scheme by a factor of 17 based on the ratio of applied CFL numbers. This allowed simulations of a turbulent channel flow with characteristic friction Reynolds number on one Banana Pi single board computer. We compare results to available DNS data and discuss in general the efficiency and potential of ODTLES for high Reynolds number flows.
Future management options for cembran pine forests close to the alpine timberline
Authors: Jandl Nathalia , Jandl Robert , Schindlbacher Andreas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Key message

High-elevation forests in the Alps protect infrastructure and human lives against natural hazards such as rockfall, flooding, and avalanches. Routinely performed silvicultural interventions maintain the required stand structure but are not commercially viable in remote forests due to high operational costs. Financial subsidies for the management of high-elevation protection forests are an efficient strategy to ensure sustainable forest cover.

Context

Presently, many high-elevation forests in the Alps are managed in order to ensure the provision of ecosystem services with emphasis on the minimization of natural hazards.

Aims

We studied the possible economic performance of a high-elevation protection forest from an owner’s perspective. We investigated whether the increase in productivity due to climate change and a favorable market for the dominating cembran pine (Pinus cembra L.) are sufficient for profitable timber production in protection forests.

Methods

We simulated the standing timber stock and the soil carbon pool for a 100-year period with climate-sensitive models and compared harvesting costs with expected revenues. Our scenarios included different climates, intensities of timber extractions, parameters of the timber market, and the availability of government subsidies.

Results

Overall, the productivity of forests increases by approximately 15% until the end of the century. In a zero-management scenario, the forest accumulates carbon both in the aboveground biomass and the soil. In the case of an extensive management with moderate timber extractions every 50 years, the carbon stocks decline both in biomass and soil. A more intensive management scenario with extractions every 30 years leads to substantial losses of the soil and biomass carbon pools. In addition, the stand structure changes and the protective function of the forest is not sustainably ensured. Timber production can be economically successful only with high selling prices of cembran pine timber and the availability of governmental subsidies for forest management. The admixed European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) contributes only marginally to the economic success. The main challenge are harvesting costs. The costs of timber extraction by a long-distance cableway logging system exceed the value of the harvested timber.

Conclusion

The intensification of forest management cannot be recommended from the perspective of timber production, sustainable forest management, and protection against natural hazards. Our simulation experiment shows that the extraction of timber at decadal intervals depletes the carbon stock that is insufficiently replenished from aboveground and belowground litterfall. Leaving the forest unmanaged does not impose a particular threat to stand stability and is under the encountered situation, a justified strategy.
“It's about having money, but also happiness:” A qualitative investigation of how adolescents understand subjective status in themselves and others
Authors: Martin‐Storey Alexa , Marcellin Sarah , Purtell Kelly M. , Tougas Anne‐Marie , Lessard Anne 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionUnderstanding why adolescent subjective assessments of status matter to their psychosocial outcomes over and above objective assessments of socioeconomic status (SES) requires a better comprehension of how adolescents construct status in themselves and others. Using a qualitative approach, the goal of the current study was to better understand what factors adolescents use to assign status, and how their perceptions of this status vary according to their own SES.MethodQualitative interviews were conducted with 32 adolescents from Quebec, Canada, from varied socioeconomic backgrounds. In particular, they were shown the ladder from the Subjective Social Status Scale and asked what defined scale placement in their communities. They were also asked where they would place themselves on this scale, and why.ResultsThe importance of traditional indicators of SES such as money, educational level, and occupational prestige were underlined by almost all adolescents, but other factors (e.g., wellbeing, family life, values concerning work, other‐orientation, or rule‐following) were also frequently discussed. Adolescents used similar criteria in the placement of themselves and others. Contradictions often emerged, however, as adolescents' scale placement was often higher than what would be expected based on traditional SES indicators.ConclusionsThese findings provide a starting point for understanding why adolescents' subjective assessments of status may matter above and beyond traditional assessments of SES, and how we can better measure this construct.
Calcium-sensing receptor in nutrient sensing: an insight into the modulation of intestinal homoeostasis
Authors: Liu Guangmang , Cao Wei , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Chen Xiaoling , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe animal gut effectively prevents the entry of hazardous substances and microbes while permitting the transfer of nutrients, such as water, electrolytes, vitamins, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and microbial metabolites, which are intimately associated with intestinal homoeostasis. The gut maintains biological functions through its nutrient-sensing receptors, including the Ca-sensing receptor (CaSR), which activates a variety of signalling pathways, depending on cellular context. CaSR coordinates food digestion and nutrient absorption, promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, regulates energy metabolism and immune response, stimulates hormone secretion, mitigates secretory diarrhoea and enhances intestinal barrier function. Thus, CaSR is crucial to the maintenance of gut homoeostasis and protection of intestinal health. In this review, we focused on the emerging roles of CaSR in the modulation of intestinal homoeostasis including related underlying mechanisms. By elucidating the relationship between CaSR and animal gut homoeostasis, effective and inexpensive methods for treating intestinal health imbalance through nutritional manipulation can be developed. This article is expected to provide experimental data of the effects of CaSR on animal or human health.
Empowering lower limbs exoskeletons: state-of-the-art
Authors: Viteckova Slavka , Kutilek Patrik , de Boisboissel Gérard , Krupicka Radim , Galajdova Alena , Kauler Jan , Lhotska Lenka , Szabo Zoltan 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYGiven the advanced breakthroughs in the field of supportive robotic technologies, interest in the integration of the human body and a robot into a single system has rapidly increased. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of empowering lower limbs exoskeletons. Along with lower exoskeleton limbs, their unique design concepts, operator–exoskeleton interactions and control strategies are described. Although many problems have been solved in recent development, many challenges remain. Especially in the context of infantry soldiers, fire fighters and rescuers, the challenges of empowering exoskeletons are discussed, and improvements are outlined and described. This study is not only a summary of the current state, but also points to weaknesses of empowering lower limbs exoskeletons and outlines possible improvements.
Large outbreak of multiple gastrointestinal pathogens associated with fresh curry leaves in North East England, 2013
Authors: Waldram A. , Lawler J. , Jenkins C. , Collins J. , Payne M. , Aird H. , Swindlehurst M. , Adak G. K. , Grant K. , Ready D. , Gorton R. , Foster K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA total of 592 people reported gastrointestinal illness following attendance at Street Spice, a food festival held in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, North East England in February/March 2013. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations were undertaken to identify the source and prevent further cases. Several epidemiological analyses were conducted; a cohort study; a follow-up survey of cases and capture re-capture to estimate the true burden of cases. Indistinguishable isolates of Salmonella Agona phage type 40 were identified in cases and on fresh curry leaves used in one of the accompaniments served at the event. Molecular testing indicated entero-aggregative Escherichia coli and Shigella also contributed to the burden of illness. Analytical studies found strong associations between illness and eating food from a particular stall and with food items including coconut chutney which contained fresh curry leaves. Further investigation of the food supply chain and food preparation techniques identified a lack of clear instruction on the use of fresh uncooked curry leaves in finished dishes and uncertainty about their status as a ready-to-eat product. We describe the investigation of one of the largest outbreaks of food poisoning in England, involving several gastrointestinal pathogens including a strain of Salmonella Agona not previously seen in the UK.
Music and Transmediality: The Multi-Media Invasion ofJeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds
Authors: SUMMERS TIM 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article investigates music in the modern transmedial franchise. Popular culture franchises flow across different forms of media, taking the audience, and often the music, with them. Music plays an important role in articulating and developing textual relationships, while adapting to the possibilities of each particular medium.To focus on the role of music, a case study that emphasizes audio is chosen, a transmedial franchise founded upon a rock album.Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds(1978) has served as the basis for several (very different) video games that also prioritize music. The article traces how musical materials are selected, transformed, and deployed as media boundaries are traversed. It ultimately argues that music is an important part of how media consumers engage with transmedial franchises.
Quantification of antibiosis levels in nine different rice genotypes against Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Sarao P. S. , Bentur J. S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStudies on different parameters of antibiosis to simultaneously compare diverse genotypes with different resistance levels are lacking. Such studies are necessary to identify the genetic variability among resistant genotypes, which, ultimately, can lead to the identification of resistance genes with diverse mechanisms. The current study was undertaken to quantify antibiosis levels in nine rice genotypes against the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), under glasshouse conditions using nine parameters. Among these genotypes, RP2068-18-3-5 and Ptb33 displayed significantly better performance as compared to other genotypes in most of the parameters studied and did not differ from each other. Rathu Heenati was the best in unfertilised eggs laid and similar to the above two genotypes regarding percent of nymphal survival. All the test genotypes performed significantly better than the susceptible check TN1, though INRC3021 did not differentiate from the former in some tests. The overall damage score was positively and significantly correlated with the amount of honeydew excretion, percent nymphal survival and emergence, the proportion of brachypterous females, female population, and growth index, and were negatively and significantly correlated with percent unfertilised eggs laid and nymphal development period. Regression analysis revealed a significant linear relationship between damage score and nymphal emergence, nymphal survival percentage, and proportion of brachypterous females. RP2068-18-3-5 is the new source of BPH resistance identified through this study, which breeders can further use in resistance breeding.
Advances and progress in the obligation to return the remains of missing and forcibly disappeared persons
Authors: Baranowska Grażyna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the evolution in international law of the obligation to search for and return the remains of forcibly disappeared and missing persons. Receiving the remains of forcibly disappeared and missing persons is one of the primary needs of their families, who bring the issue to international courts and non-judicial mechanisms. This obligation has been incrementally recognized and developed by different human rights courts, which have included the obligation to search for and return the remains of disappeared persons in their remedies. In parallel to the development of the obligation by international courts, the international community has begun to become more involved in assisting in return of the remains of forcibly disappeared and missing persons to their families.
Whistler Wave Generation by Anisotropic Tail Electrons During Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory
Authors: Yoo Jongsoo , Jara‐Almonte J. , Yerger Evan , Wang Shan , Qian Tony , Le Ari , Ji Hantao , Yamada Masaaki , Fox William , Kim Eun‐Hwa , Chen Li‐Jen , Gershman Daniel J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhistler wave generation near the magnetospheric separatrix during reconnection at the dayside magnetopause is studied with data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The dispersion relation of the whistler mode is measured for the first time near the reconnection region in space, which shows that whistler waves propagate nearly parallel to the magnetic field line. A linear analysis indicates that the whistler waves are generated by temperature anisotropy in the electron tail population. This is caused by loss of electrons with a high velocity parallel to the magnetic field to the exhaust region. There is a positive correlation between activities of whistler waves and the lower hybrid drift instability both in laboratory and space, indicating the enhanced transport by lower hybrid drift instability may be responsible for the loss of electrons with a high parallel velocity.
Polysaccharide utilization loci of North Sea Flavobacteriia as basis for using SusC/D-protein expression for predicting major phytoplankton glycans
Authors: Kappelmann Lennart , Krüger Karen , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik , Harder Jens , Markert Stephanie , Unfried Frank , Becher Dörte , Shapiro Nicole , Schweder Thomas , Amann Rudolf I , Teeling Hanno 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Marine algae convert a substantial fraction of fixed carbon dioxide into various polysaccharides. Flavobacteriia that are specialized on algal polysaccharide degradation feature genomic clusters termed polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). As knowledge on extant PUL diversity is sparse, we sequenced the genomes of 53 North Sea Flavobacteriia and obtained 400 PULs. Bioinformatic PUL annotations suggest usage of a large array of polysaccharides, including laminarin, α-glucans, and alginate as well as mannose-, fucose-, and xylose-rich substrates. Many of the PULs exhibit new genetic architectures and suggest substrates rarely described for marine environments. The isolates’ PUL repertoires often differed considerably within genera, corroborating ecological niche-associated glycan partitioning. Polysaccharide uptake in Flavobacteriia is mediated by SusCD-like transporter complexes. Respective protein trees revealed clustering according to polysaccharide specificities predicted by PUL annotations. Using the trees, we analyzed expression of SusC/D homologs in multiyear phytoplankton bloom-associated metaproteomes and found indications for profound changes in microbial utilization of laminarin, α-glucans, β-mannan, and sulfated xylan. We hence suggest the suitability of SusC/D-like transporter protein expression within heterotrophic bacteria as a proxy for the temporal utilization of discrete polysaccharides.
Isolated detection of elastic waves driven by the momentum of light
Authors: Požar Tomaž , Laloš Jernej , Babnik Aleš , Petkovšek Rok , Bethune-Waddell Max , Chau Kenneth J. , Lukasievicz Gustavo V. B. , Astrath Nelson G. C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectromagnetic momentum carried by light is observable through the mechanical effects radiation pressure exerts on illuminated objects. Momentum conversion from electromagnetic fields to elastic waves within a solid object proceeds through a string of electrodynamic and elastodynamic phenomena, collectively bound by momentum and energy continuity. The details of this conversion predicted by theory have yet to be validated by experiments, as it is difficult to distinguish displacements driven by momentum from those driven by heating due to light absorption. Here, we have measured temporal variations of the surface displacements induced by laser pulses reflected from a solid dielectric mirror. Ab initio modelling of momentum flow describes the transfer of momentum from the electromagnetic field to the dielectric mirror, with subsequent creation/propagation of multicomponent elastic waves. Complete consistency between predictions and absolute measurements of surface displacements offers compelling evidence of elastic transients driven predominantly by the momentum of light.
Region-specific and state-dependent action of striatal GABAergic interneurons
Authors: Fino Elodie , Vandecasteele Marie , Perez Sylvie , Saudou Frédéric , Venance Laurent 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStriatum processes a wide range of functions including goal-directed behavior and habit formation, respectively encoded by the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS). GABAergic feedforward inhibition is known to control the integration of cortical information by striatal projection neurons (SPNs). Here we questioned whether this control is specific between distinct striatal functional territories. Using opto-activation and opto-inhibition of identified GABAergic interneurons, we found that different circuits are engaged in DLS and DMS, both ex vivo and in vivo: while parvalbumin interneurons efficiently control SPNs in DLS, somatostatin interneurons control SPNs in DMS. Moreover, both parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons use a dual hyperpolarizing/depolarizing effect to control cortical input integration depending on SPN activity state: GABAergic interneurons potently inhibit spiking SPNs while in resting SPNs, they favor cortical activity summation via a depolarizing effect. Our findings establish that striatal GABAergic interneurons exert efficient territory-specific and state-dependent control of SPN activity and functional output.
A low-cost paper-based synthetic biology platform for analyzing gut microbiota and host biomarkers
Authors: Takahashi Melissa K. , Tan Xiao , Dy Aaron J. , Braff Dana , Akana Reid T. , Furuta Yoshikazu , Donghia Nina , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin , Collins James J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is a need for large-scale, longitudinal studies to determine the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome and its interactions with the host affect human health and disease. Current methods for profiling the microbiome typically utilize next-generation sequencing applications that are expensive, slow, and complex. Here, we present a synthetic biology platform for affordable, on-demand, and simple analysis of microbiome samples using RNA toehold switch sensors in paper-based, cell-free reactions. We demonstrate species-specific detection of mRNAs from 10 different bacteria that affect human health and four clinically relevant host biomarkers. We develop a method to quantify mRNA using our toehold sensors and validate our platform on clinical stool samples by comparison to RT-qPCR. We further highlight the potential clinical utility of the platform by showing that it can be used to rapidly and inexpensively detect toxin mRNA in the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infections.
What can policymakers learn from feminist strategies to combine contextualised evidence with advocacy?
Authors: Malbon Eleanor , Carson Lisa , Yates Sophie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe give a short overview of feminist perspectives on the use of evidence in policy making, covering both empirical and conceptual work. We present the case of the Conflict Tactics Scale, a measure of interpersonal violence that is both widely used and heavily criticised in work on violence between intimate partners. We examine this case to illustrate the way that feminist advocacy and research organisations use gender informed theory to counter positivist narratives about intimate partner violence. In doing so, we show that the evidence-based policy approach, even when considered as principle or ideal, frames the policy-making process as “objective”, and in doing so ignores the gendered contexts in which knowledge is produced, used and translated into policy and implementation. By examining feminist approaches to this case study, we can learn from feminist advocate researchers the importance of context, normative arguments and the politicisation of evidence in policymaking and implementation.