bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and movements of head‐started Mojave desert tortoises
Authors: Daly Jacob A. , Buhlmann Kurt A. , Todd Brian D. , Moore Clinton T. , Peaden J. Mark , Tuberville Tracey D. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTHead‐starting is a conservation strategy in which young animals are protected in captivity temporarily before their release into the wild at a larger size, when their survival is presumably increased. The Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) is in decline, and head‐starting has been identified as one of several conservation measures to assist in recovery. To evaluate the efficacy of indoor head‐starting, we released and radio‐tracked 68 juvenile tortoises from a 2015 cohort in the Mojave National Preserve, California, USA. We released 20 tortoises at hatching (control) in September 2015, and reared 28 indoors and 20 outdoors in predator‐proof enclosures for 7 months before releasing them in April 2016. We monitored tortoises at least weekly after release until 27 October 2016, and documented survivorship, movement, and surface activity. We estimated survivorship by treatment and evaluated effects of treatment, proximity to a raven (Corvus corax) nest (predator) coincidentally established after release, distance moved between monitoring events, surface activity, and release size on individual fate in a generalized linear model. Although indoor head‐start tortoises reached the size of 5–6‐year‐old wild tortoises by release at 7 months of age, survival did not differ significantly among the 3 treatment groups. Combined annual survival was 0.44 (95% CI = 0.34–0.58). Tortoises that were closer to an active raven nest were significantly more likely to die, as were those seen more often outside their burrows and active aboveground. Predicted estimates for short‐term probability of survival approached 1.0 as distance from a raven nest exceeded approximately 1.6 km. Rearing treatment, movement distance, and body size were not significant predictors of fate over the 1‐year monitoring period. Head‐started tortoises released ≥1.6 km from areas of raven activity will likely have higher short‐term survival. Population recovery through head‐starting alone is unlikely to be successful if systemic ecosystem‐level issues, such as habitat degradation and conditions that promote human‐subsidized predators, are not ameliorated. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
In vitro fertilization placenta overgrowth in mice is associated with downregulation of the paternal imprinting gene H19
Authors: Xiang Meng , Ma Yuan , Lei Hui , Wen Liang , Chen Shuqiang , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn vitro fertilization (IVF) is a widely used assisted reproductive technology for individuals with infertility that may cause placental maldevelopment, which is harmful to the future health of the offspring. In this study, using a mouse model, we not only revealed changes in the placenta caused by IVF at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5), but also attempted to identify factors that correlate with IVF‐induced abnormal placental development. Our results demonstrate that IVF‐induced placental maldevelopment is associated with hypermethylation of the imprinting control region of the H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19). IVF, by inducing overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 3β, downregulated H19 and the derived miR675, resulting in the activation of insulin‐like growth factor signaling and its downstream phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Therefore, we provided the first evidence of the molecular signaling pathways that link imprint genes, protein encoding genes, long noncoding RNAs, and microRNAs. This may provide new insights to inform the development of improved operational techniques for IVF and life‐long health of the offspring.
Venous contribution to sodium MRI in the human brain
Authors: Driver Ian D. , Stobbe Robert W. , Wise Richard G. , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: September 2019

PurposeSodium MRI shows great promise as a marker for cerebral metabolic dysfunction in stroke, brain tumor, and neurodegenerative pathologies. However, cerebral blood vessels, whose volume and function are perturbed in these pathologies, have elevated sodium concentrations relative to surrounding tissue. This study aims to assess whether this fluid compartment could bias measurements of tissue sodium using MRI.MethodsDensity‐weighted and B1 corrected sodium MRI of the brain was acquired in 9 healthy participants at 4.7T. Veins were identified using co‐registered 1H ‐weighted images and venous partial volume estimates were calculated by down‐sampling the finer spatial resolution venous maps from the ‐weighted images to the coarser spatial resolution of the sodium data. Linear regressions of venous partial volume estimates and sodium signal were performed for regions of interest including just gray matter, just white matter, and all brain tissue.ResultsLinear regression demonstrated a significant venous sodium contribution above the underlying tissue signal. The apparent venous sodium concentrations derived from regression were 65.8 ± 4.5 mM (all brain tissue), 71.0 ± 7.4 mM (gray matter), and 55.0 ± 4.7 mM (white matter).ConclusionAlthough the partial vein linear regression did not yield the expected sodium concentration in blood (~87 mM), likely the result of point spread function smearing, this regression highlights that blood compartments may bias brain tissue sodium signals across neurological conditions where blood volumes may differ.
A geometrically decoupled, twisted solenoid single‐axis gradient coil set for TRASE
Authors: Sun Hongwei , AlZubaidi Abbas , Purchase Aaron , Sharp Jonathan C. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTRASE uses phase gradients in the RF transmit field to encode MRI data. A highly efficient twisted solenoid coil was proposed recently for TRASE imaging for transverse geometries. This novel coil can be rotated to generate a phase gradient in any transverse direction, therefore, combining two such coils would double k‐space coverage for single‐axis encoding, resulting in higher spatial resolution. However, the strong inductive coupling between a pair of coaxial twisted solenoids must be overcome.MethodsHere, we demonstrate that two concentric twisted solenoids, designed using previously described Biot‐Savart calculations, can be geometrically decoupled by attaching to each a regular solenoid in series. The regular solenoid geometry resulting in minimization of mutual inductance was determined from simulations using the FastHenry2 tool. The effects on TRASE encoding performance due to the regular solenoids were assessed from simulations and experiments.ResultsThe maximum resulting magnitude and phase distortions were 3.7% and , while a good isolation dB between the coil pair was obtained. TRASE experiments confirmed the double k‐space coverage, and achieved a rapid spin echo train with 128 k‐space points collected within 80 ms, allowing short samples to be accurately imaged.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that a pair of twisted solenoid phase gradient RF coils can be geometrically decoupled. Advantages over active PIN diode decoupling include faster switching, lower hardware complexity, and scalability.
Validity and Reliability of a Nutrition Screening Tool in Identifying Malnutrition Among Hospitalized Adult Patients
Authors: Tah Pei Chien , Kee Chee Cheong , Majid Hazreen Abdul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition among hospitalized patients is closely associated with various medical complications. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a 3‐Minute Nutrition Screening (3‐MinNS) tool in identifying the risk of malnutrition among hospitalized patients that can be administered by healthcare professionals.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between January and December 2012. A total of 350 adult patients in a teaching hospital were screened for risk of malnutrition using 3‐MinNS and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). To assess interrater reliability, each patient was screened for risk of malnutrition using 3‐MinNS by 2 different nurses on 2 different occasions within 24 hours after admission. To assess the validity of 3‐MinNS, the level of risk of malnutrition identified by the nurses using 3‐MinNS was compared with the risk of malnutrition as assessed by a dietitian using SGA within 48 hours after the patients’ enrolment into the study. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated in detecting patients at risk of malnutrition. Interrater reliability was determined using κ statistics.ResultsUsing SGA, the estimated prevalence of moderate to severe malnutrition was 36.3% (127/350). There was 94% proportional agreement between 2 nurses using 3‐MinNS, and interrater reliability was substantial (κ = 0.79, P < .001). The analysis showed that 3‐MinNS had moderate sensitivity (61.4%–68.5%) but high specificity (95.1%).ConclusionsThe 3‐MinNS is a reliable and valid screening tool for use by healthcare professionals for identifying newly admitted medical and surgical patients who are at risk of malnutrition.
Multidisciplinary approach to children with sinonasal tumors: A review
Authors: Lazim Norhafiza Mat , Abdullah Baharudin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSinonasal tumors in children are rare and difficult to manage. These tumors can be broadly categorized into congenital or acquired and benign or malignant. The tumors mainly arise from the mucosa, cartilage, or bone of the nasal cavity and may occupy areas of the nasal septum, turbinates, osteomeatal complex, sinuses, and nasopharynx. The management of pediatric sinonasal tumors is challenging, especially in cases of malignancy. Malignant tumors pose a treatment dilemma because most such tumors tend to be aggressive and carry a poor prognosis. Multiple complications associated with the primary disease or treatment may occur, and such complications need to be fully addressed to provide optimal care. In most cases, a multidisciplinary team approach will offer the best possible outcome for children with sinonasal tumors.
Isolated congenital tracheal stenosis: A rare and deadly condition
Authors: Arunathan Rajarajeswari , Ariffin Amar Hazwan Zainal , Khor Kee Guan , Tan Shi Nee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionCongenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) is a serious and rare condition. In most cases, CTS is associated with cardiopulmonary abnormalities; however, isolated CTS is present in 10%–30% of patients. The severity of the disorder is dependent on the symptoms, which correlate with the CTS classification.Case presentationWe discuss our findings in an infant who presented with severe respiratory compromise where incidental intra‐operative findings revealed CTS with no cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Because of a lack of resources in the emergency department, we created a tracheostoma and inserted an endotracheal tube.ConclusionThe main aim in treating CTS is to secure the airway and provide sufficient oxygen.
Recent Advances in Air Lasing: A Perspective from Quantum Coherence
Authors: Yuan Luqi , Liu Yi , Yao Jinping , Cheng Ya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe research topic of air lasing is of fundamental and practical importance, which has grown rapidly in the past decade. Air lasing, or a laser‐like emission from air species including atomic oxygen, atomic argon, atomic nitrogen, molecular nitrogen, and molecular nitrogen ions, has been investigated vastly in both experiment and theory. In this review, the basic concepts of air lasing are discussed and the crucial role of quantum coherence in the air‐lasing process is highlighted. As an exciting perspective, air lasing not only exhibits important fundamental physics such as superradiance, nonlinear effects, vibrational and rotational dynamics, but also shows potential practical implications toward remote sensing.
3D All Printing of Polypyrrole Nanotubes for High Mass Loading Flexible Supercapacitor
Authors: Gu Yifan , Zhang Yan , Shi Yunhui , Zhang Lifang , Xu Xinhua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWearable electronic devices need ceaseless improvement in performance and flexibility. However, few studies were focused on high mass loading electrodes. Herein, a 3D printing method was demonstrated to fabricate the high‐performance supercapacitor on flexible carbon cloth using polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes as electrode materials. The mass loading could achieve 336.56 mg cm−2 through direct ink printing (DIW) technology. In addition, the 3D printed supercapacitor exhibits excellent mechanical stability, the capacitance of the printed device remains 93% at the bending angle of 120°. Its promising performance and outstanding electrochemical stability will provide an ideal method to fabricate wearable storage devices.
Zinc (II) Chloride as Phase Transfer Catalyst and as Catalyst of Cycloaddition Azide Ion to Heterocumulenes and Terminal Alkynes in Organic Solvents
Authors: Vorona Svetlana V. , Zevatskii Yuri E. , Myznikov Leonid V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe system of NaN3–ZnCl2 in organic solvents is effective for azide ion cycloaddition to heterocumulenes and terminal alkynes. The reaction proceeds readily in the case of heterocumulenes, so these transformations fall into the category of click reactions. The study on the reaction mechanism showed that role of zinc salt consists in transferring azide ion to the organic phase and decreasing the energy barrier of nucleophilic addition of azide ion to the unsaturated substrate.
Highlighting the Reversible Manganese Electroactivity in Na‐Rich Manganese Hexacyanoferrate Material for Li‐ and Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Mullaliu Angelo , Asenbauer Jakob , Aquilanti Giuliana , Passerini Stefano , Giorgetti Marco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electroactivity of sodium‐rich manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) material constituted of only abundant elements, as insertion host for Li‐ and Na‐ions is herein comprehensively discussed. This material features high specific capacities (>130 mAh g−1) at high potentials when compared to other materials of the same class, i.e., Prussian blue analogs. The reversible electronic and structural modifications occurring during ion release/uptake, which are responsible for such high specific capacity, are revealed herein. The in‐depth electronic and structural analysis carried out combining X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), demonstrates that both Fe and Mn sites are involved in the electrochemical process, being the high delivered capacity the result of a reversible evolution in oxidation states of the metallic centers (Fe3+/Fe2+ and Mn2+/Mn3+). Along with the Mn2+/Mn3+ oxidation, the Mn local environment experiences a substantial yet reversible Jahn–Teller effect, being the equatorial Mn‐N distances shrunk by 10% (2.18 Å → 1.96 Å). Na‐rich MnHCF material offers slightly higher performance upon uptake and release of Na‐ions (469 Wh kg−1) than Li‐ions (457 Wh kg−1), being, however, the electronic and structural transformation independent of the adopted medium, as observed by XAS spectroscopy.
Homeostatic control of Drosophila neuromuscular junction function
Authors: Frank C. Andrew , James Thomas D. , Müller Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ability to adapt to changing internal and external conditions is a key feature of biological systems. Homeostasis refers to a regulatory process that stabilizes dynamic systems to counteract perturbations. In the nervous system, homeostatic mechanisms control neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release, neurotransmitter receptors, and neural circuit function. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of Drosophila melanogaster has provided a wealth of molecular information about how synapses implement homeostatic forms of synaptic plasticity, with a focus on the transsynaptic, homeostatic modulation of neurotransmitter release. This review examines some of the recent findings from the Drosophila NMJ and highlights questions the field will ponder in coming years.
The scent gland chemistry of neogoveid cyphophthalmids (Opiliones): an unusual methyljuglone from Metasiro savannahensis
Authors: Raspotnig Günther , Anderl Felix , Clouse Ronald M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile the chemistries of scent gland secretions from a few selected species of three families of Cyphophthalmi, namely Sironidae, Pettalidae, and Stylocellidae, have already been reported and found to consist of complex blends of naphthoquinones and methyl ketones, nothing is known about the other families. We here report on the secretions ofMetasiro savannahensisClouse and Wheeler (Zootaxa 3814:177–201, 2014), a first representative of the family Neogoveidae. The secretions from males, females and one juvenile were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Twenty-five compounds were identified, all of which belong to the chemical classes of naphthoquinones and methyl ketones, confirming a hypothesized chemical uniformity of cyphophthalmid exudates. One major naphthoquinone compound, however, was new for cyphophthalmids and for arthropod exocrine secretions in general: a methyljuglone isomer, 6-methyljuglone (= 6-MJ; iupac name: 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), amounted for about 20% of the secretion and was eventually identified by synthesis. Hydroxy-naphthoquinones and their derivatives are known to possess a variety of antibiotic effects, probably enhancing the antimicrobial/antifungal potential of theMetasiro-secretion. Currently, without further data on neogoveids, the compound represents a chemical autapomorphy ofM. savannahensis, and—just as the strange chloro-naphthoquinones of Sironidae and Pettalidae—adds to the repertoire of unusual naphthoquinone compounds across the Cyphophthalmi.
On images of complete topologized subsemilattices in sequential semitopological semilattices
Authors: Banakh Taras , Bardyla Serhii 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

A topologized semilattice X is called complete if each non-empty chain $$C\subset X$$

C
⊂
X

has $$\inf C\in {\bar{C}}$$

inf
C
∈

C

¯

and $$\sup C\in {\bar{C}}$$

sup
C
∈

C

¯

. We prove that for any continuous homomorphism $$h:X\rightarrow Y$$

h
:
X
→
Y

from a complete topologized semilattice X to a sequential Hausdorff semitopological semilattice Y the image h(X) is closed in Y.
Prognostic Value of the Combined Index of Plasma Fibrinogen and the Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Masaaki , Kurokawa Yukinori , Kobayashi Noboru , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that both fibrinogen and the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are related to the degree of malignancy in various types of cancer. This study compared the combined index of fibrinogen and NLR (F‐NLR) with NLR alone for predicting the prognosis of patients with resectable gastric cancer.MethodsWe collected data on 666 patients with resectable gastric cancer. Patients were divided into three F‐NLR score groups based on the following criteria: score 2, both hyperfibrinogenemia (≥350 mg/dl) and high NLR (≥2.5); score 1, either hyperfibrinogenemia or high NLR; and score 0, neither abnormality. The association between prognosis and NLR alone or F‐NLR was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox multivariate analysis.ResultsThe high‐NLR group had significantly worse overall survival (OS) than the low‐NLR group (hazard ratio 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–2.45; log‐rank P = 0.022), but there was no significant difference between the high‐ and low‐NLR groups after adjusting for the fibrinogen level. F‐NLR groups showed significantly different OS (log‐rank P < 0.001) and recurrence‐free survival (log‐rank P < 0.001). The 5‐year OS rate for the groups with F‐NLR scores of 2, 1, and 0 was 72.6%, 81.4%, and 90.4%, respectively. A Cox multivariate analysis of OS revealed that a high F‐NLR score (1 or 2) was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.007).ConclusionsF‐NLR was an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer and a more useful prognostic indicator than NLR alone.
The ALBI Grade is a Good Predictive Model for Very Late Recurrence in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Primary Resection
Authors: Lin Chun‐Yu , Lin Chih‐Che , Wang Chih‐Chi , Chen Chao‐Long , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Hung Chao‐Hung , Huang Pao‐Yuan , Tsai Ming‐Chao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients still have risk for very late recurrence after curative resection. This study assesses prognostic factors in HCC patients with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) for 5 years after primary resection.MethodsWe enrolled 383 HCC patients who received primary tumor resection and achieved more than 5 years without recurrence after resection between January 2001 and April 2013. Predictive factors, including albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade, for RFS and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 103 months, 57 patients (14.9%) had recurrent HCC, and 14 (3.7%) died. Independent predictors for HCC recurrence were male sex (p = 0.035), pre‐operative liver cirrhosis (LC) (p = 0.025), serum creatinine  > 1.5 mg/dL (p = 0.045), post‐operative 5th‐year alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) > 15 ng/ml (p < 0.001), LC (p = 0.004), and ALBI grades 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). I ndependent risk factors for poor survival were age >70 years (p = 0.002), post‐operative 5th‐year AFP > 15 ng/ml (p = 0.003), and ALBI grades 2 and 3 (p = 0.002). Patients whose deteriorated ALBI grades 5 years after resection had adverse RFS outcomes compared to those with constant (p = 0.056) and improved ALBI grades (p = 0.008). In subgroup analysis, patients with post‐operative 5th‐year ALBI grades 2 and 3 had significantly poorer RFS and OS (both p < 0.001) than those with grade 1 among patients with low post‐operative 5th‐year AFP (<15 ng/mL).ConclusionIn HCC patients without recurrence for 5 years after curative resection, post‐operative 5th‐year ALBI grade is useful for predicting outcomes, even with low AFP during follow‐up.
Distributed graph queries over models@run.time for runtime monitoring of cyber-physical systems
Authors: Búr Márton , Szilágyi Gábor , Vörös András , Varró Dániel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Smart cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have complex interaction with their environment which is rarely known in advance, and they heavily depend on intelligent data processing carried out over a heterogeneous and distributed computation platform with resource-constrained devices to monitor, manage and control autonomous behavior. First, we propose a distributed runtime model to capture the operational state and the context information of a smart CPS using directed, typed and attributed graphs as high-level knowledge representation. The runtime model is distributed among the participating nodes, and it is consistently kept up to date in a continuously evolving environment by a time-triggered model management protocol. Our runtime models offer a (domain-specific) model query and manipulation interface over the reliable communication middleware of the Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard widely used in the CPS domain. Then, we propose to carry out distributed runtime monitoring by capturing critical properties of interest in the form of graph queries, and design a distributed graph query evaluation algorithm for evaluating such graph queries over the distributed runtime model. As the key innovation, our (1) distributed runtime model extends existing publish–subscribe middleware (like DDS) used in real-time CPS applications by enabling the dynamic creation and deletion of graph nodes (without compile time limits). Moreover, (2) our distributed query evaluation extends existing graph query techniques by enabling query evaluation in a real-time, resource-constrained environment while still providing scalable performance. Our approach is illustrated, and an initial scalability evaluation is carried out on the MoDeS3 CPS demonstrator and the open Train Benchmark for graph queries.