bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pump-locked random lasers using artificial intelligence
Authors: Zhai Tianrui , Tong Junhua , Shi Xiaoyu , Xu Zhiyang , Iqbal Naeem , Ge Kun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Random lasing in complex disordered systems demonstrates efficient lasing across multiple localized modes. Accurate control of these modes could enable random lasers to function as fast-switching, multifunctional light sources. In this work, an unpredictable random laser was prepared and artificial intelligence (AI) technology was used for taming the lasing action. Lasing modes were precisely controlled by programming the spatial shape of the pump profile. Genetic algorithms were introduced, allowing any mode within the complex system to be extracted by setting a target value associated with that mode. Based on experimental results, the interaction model of pumping cells with lasing modes was locked. This work advances programmable random lasers, enhancing their potential for practical applications in signal processing, spectral sensing, communication, and optical computing.
Environmental Income: A "Safety Net" or a "Stumbling Block" in the Governance of Relative Poverty?
Authors: Yuan Bin , Yang Jingyi , Huang Jinpeng , Li Shengsheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

"Relying on Mountains and Seas," environmental income has long been an important source of income for low-income groups, yet its role in the governance of relative poverty remains unclear. Based on data from fixed rural observation points, this study exploratively examines the role of environmental income in the process of addressing relative poverty. Research indicates that environmental income can improve the poverty situation of rural residents while alleviating internal income inequality. Compared to households with low risk of falling back into poverty, those with high risk receive lower amounts of environmental income; however, the share of this income in their total income is relatively higher, indicating that high-risk households are more reliant on environmental income. Moreover, environmental income also helps reduce the incidence, intensity, and depth of poverty among rural residents. In terms of relative poverty status, environmental income significantly alleviates the relative poverty conditions of rural households, with these conclusions holding true even after various robustness checks. Further research reveals that when faced with health-related shocks or temporary income disruptions, the share of environmental income among rural households significantly increases, effectively mitigating the liquidity constraints imposed by such shocks, thereby acting as a "safety net" for rural residents. In light of these findings, it is essential to recognize the role of environmental income in alleviating income inequality, preventing relapses into poverty, and reducing relative poverty during future efforts to harmonize ecological conservation with poverty alleviation, ensuring that low-income groups can enjoy "ecological meals" while firmly holding onto their "green bowls."
Robust Magnetoelectric Backscatter Communication System for Bioelectronic Implants
Authors: Robinson Jacob , ALRASHDAN FATIMA , Woods Joshua , Chen Ellie , Tan Wendy , Yu Zhanghao , Wang Wei , John Mathews , Jaworski Lukas , Bernard Drew , Post Allison , Moctezuma-Ramirez Angel , Elgalad Abdelmotagaly , Yang Kaiyuan , Razavi Mehdi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Wireless communication technologies for bioelectronic implants enable remote monitoring for diagnosis and adaptive therapeutic intervention without the constraints of wired connections. However, wireless data uplink from millimeter-scale devices deep in the body struggles to achieve low power consumption while maintaining large misalignment tolerances. Here, we report a passive wireless backscatter communication system based on magnetoelectric transducers that consumes less than 0.3 pJ/bit and achieves less than 1E-6 bit error rate at a distance of 55 mm while tolerating a misalignment of 10 mm. Using this robust data uplink, we designed a wireless cardiac sensing node that can transmit electrocardiogram signals from the beating heart surface of a porcine model to a custom external transceiver using the magnetoelectric backscatter uplink. This reliable, near-zero-power communication method provides opportunities for next-generation bioelectronics to feature real-time physiological monitoring and closed-loop therapies while maintaining a small form factor and low power consumption.
The Mediating Role of the Big Five Personality Traits in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Depressive Symptoms among College Students
Authors: Yang Yu , Mou Zhen , Zhang Lingling , Ma Shurong , Zhao Zhenxiong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
College students are at increased risk of depression. While previous studies have highlighted the link between self-efficacy and mental health, especially concerning depressive symptoms, the potential mediating role of the Big Five personality traits in this relationship remains underexplored. This study aims to examine the relationships among self-efficacy, the Big Five personality traits, and depressive symptoms through a mediation model.
Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized a multi-stage stratified random sampling method to survey residents across 23 provinces in China, ultimately enrolling 1,193 college students aged 19–25. Measures included the PHQ-9 to assess depressive symptoms, the BFI-10 to evaluate personality traits, and the NGSES for self-efficacy. Hierarchical regression, random forest regression, mediation analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were conducted using R software.
Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students was 21.8%. Neuroticism (P < 0.001) was a positive predictor of depressive symptoms, while agreeableness (P < 0.001) and conscientiousness (P < 0.001) were negative predictors. And, agreeableness [Effect = -0.028, 95% CI (-0.045, -0.014)], conscientiousness [Effect = -0.043, 95% CI (-0.067, -0.023)], and neuroticism [Effect = -0.048, 95% CI (-0.070, -0.029)] significantly mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and depressive symptoms. Additionally, A potential nonlinear relationship (P for nonlinearity < 0.001) was identified between self-efficacy and depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
Self-efficacy and personality traits, particularly high neuroticism and low agreeableness and conscientiousness, are significant factors influencing depressive symptoms among college students. Interventions that target these traits and cultivate self-efficacy may be beneficial for enhancing mental health among adolescents during this critical developmental period.
Population dynamics and conservation strategies for Echinocactus platyacanthus: A data- driven approach to protecting an endemic species
Authors: Vázquez-Díaz Erasmo , Campos Huitzimengari , García-Nava José Rodolfo , Peña-Valdivia Cecilia Beatriz , Uscanga-Mortera Ebandro , Ybarra-Moncada Ma. Carmen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Echinocactus platyacanthus, an endemic and threatened species in Mexico, faces population declines due to overexploitation and habitat disturbance. To inform conservation strategies, we studied the population dynamics of six populations distributed across Central Mexico using demographic data and Integral Projection Models (IPMs). Our results showed considerable variation in asymptotic growth rates (λ) across populations and years (ranging from 0.9753 to 1.0842), highlighting local differences in population performance. Elasticity analyses revealed that survival-growth kernel had the greatest contribution to population persistence (96.6–99.7%), while the fertility kernel played a minimal role (0.3–3.4%). We emphasize the need for conservation efforts to focus on protecting medium to large individuals, which contribute significantly to population growth and stability. Limited seedling recruitment suggests that measures aimed at enhancing juvenile survival and reducing predation could improve population recovery. Our findings underscore the importance of tailored local conservation strategies to safeguard this species’ long-term viability.
Multiple Bayesian models approach to assessing drivers of cultural heritage spatial distribution: Insights from Lushan County, China
Authors: Liu Yuxi , Du Xinyu , Bai Yu , Chen Qibing , Liu Dong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Cultural heritage is a historical gift that connects the past and the present, carrying the material and cultural connotations of various historical periods. This study combines Bayesian modelling with geographic feature images to assess the general influence patterns and differential effects of drivers on the spatial distribution of cultural heritage in Lushan County. The results indicate that: (1) the hierarchical Bayesian model can effectively identify the potential heterogeneity of drivers across different heritage types and provide a quantification of the variations in the intensities of these drivers. (2) The spatial distribution of cultural heritage in Lushan County shows a "south-dense, north-sparse" pattern. The density of cultural heritage is generally negatively correlated with elevation, slope, and distances from water systems, settlements and cultural centers, while it is generally positively correlated with distance from geological hazard sites. (3) The effect of social factors on the spatial distribution of cultural heritage is significantly greater than that of natural factors, demonstrating that the formation and evolution of cultural heritage are profoundly shaped by human activities. (4) The effect of each driver varies in intensity for different types of cultural heritage, with significant differences in correlations. By comparing three Bayesian models, this study reveals the application potential of the hierarchical Bayesian model in research on the relationship between the spatial distribution of cultural heritage and its environment, with a view to providing data-driven methodological and theoretical references for research related to cultural heritage.
Evaluating the shear bond strength of silane-containing universal adhesives for repairing aged 3D-printed provisional restorative materials
Authors: Prawatvatchara Wisarut , Katheng Awutsadaporn , Kongkon Paweena , Sombun Santisuk , Saiprasert Piangkwan , Jittapiromsak Nawaporn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The repairability of provisional restorative material is significant because of its influence on the duration of the provisional treatment phase. The current investigation aimed to examine the effects of various silane-containing universal adhesives on the shear bond strength (SBS) of aged 3D-printed provisional restorative materials.
Methods
Seventy specimens for SBS were produced in a cylindrical form with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 15 mm. Ten specimens for energy dispersive X-ray examination (EDX) were fabricated in an identical configuration, including a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 3 mm. All SBS specimens were subjected to artificial saliva thermocycling with a dwell time of 60 seconds at temperatures ranging from 5°C to 55°C using a thermocycler (SD Mechatronik, Feldkirchen-Westerham, Germany). The SBS specimens were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10 per group) on the basis of the repair method: C Group (Control), S Group (Single Bond 2), SU Group (Scotchbond Universal), SUP Group (Scotchbond Universal Plus), CUQ Group (CLEARFIL TRI-S BOND Universal Quick), GPB Group (G-Premio Bond), and Si + S Group (Silane Ultradent™ + Single Bond 2). The SBS test was performed using a universal testing machine (Instron, ElectroPulsTM E1000, England). Mode of failure analysis was used for evaluating all debonding surfaces. The SBS data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all statistical tests.
Results
The Si + S group achieved the highest SBS value (21.06 ± 1.47 MPa), followed by the SUP group (19.43 ± 1.45 MPa), the CUQ group (16.14 ± 1.54 MPa), the SU group (15.71 ± 1.40 MPa), the GPB group (12.93 ± 1.56 MPa), the S group (12.59 ± 1.64 MPa), and the C group (8.20 ± 1.49 MPa). However, no significant difference in SBS was observed between the Si + S and SUP groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference in SBS between the non-silane-containing adhesive groups (S and GPB) and the C group. The failure mode analysis revealed the correlation between the type of failure pattern and the SBS results.
Conclusion
Compared with other universal adhesives, The SUP group, an optimized silane-containing universal adhesive, exhibited superior SBS and was equivalent to the use of separating silanes.
Flight to Quality and Office Location Preference: Agglomeration, Transportation, and Commercial Real Estate
Authors: Matsuo Kazushi , Seya Hajime , Tsutsumi Morito , Imazeki Toyokazu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic effected significant shifts in office and residential location preferences owing to the diffusion of remote work. However, as the pandemic eased, companies began relocating to higher-quality office buildings to boost employee return-to-office motivation. Although office location is a key influencing factor of regional economies and residential choices, research on these dynamics is limited. This study examines the impact of “flight to quality” on office location preferences, using data from Tokyo between 2000 and 2023. Consequently, a strong preference for prime locations, particularly large-scale office buildings, became evident after the pandemic. Rents in densely agglomerated areas increased, and vacancy rates in highly accessible areas declined significantly. These patterns suggest that office buildings in less attractive locations may experience obsolescence. Nevertheless, whether these changes will last or are simply part of the broader market cycle remains uncertain. Continuous monitoring is necessary to determine the long-term implications for office demands and urban structures.
JEL Classification: R33, R11.
The Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Surgical Site Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kindiki Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We aimed at understanding the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) on the seemingly growing and concerning infections of surgical sites in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We therefore searched PubMed and other relevant databases for articles (2015-2023) relevant to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and predominance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this review, we examined 26 relevant articles out of 225 that matched the initial search. Through an in-depth analysis of the relevant literature, the low number of studies in the region focused on PA and AMR. Nevertheless, the relatively few studies demonstrate the high rates of PA involvement in surgical site infections. The studies further show high levels of multi-drug resistance and points to subsequent nosocomial clinical outcomes. In conclusion with the increased AMR threat, there is a need for increased studies on SSI, PA biology and genomics and AMR.
Application of XGBOOST in Disentangling the Fingerprints of Global Warming and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on Seasonal Precipitation Trends in Ohio
Authors: Wegener Caitlin , Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Global warming is a significant challenge of the 21st century, driving notable changes in weather patterns. On the other hand, the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) is a remarkable climatic mode of variability that impacts interdecadal climate patterns and the rate of global warming. This study introduces the extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST) feature important metric, to disentangle and rank the fingerprints of global warming and IPO on the seasonal precipitation trends in Ohio, United States, a region characterized by variable weather. Using monthly precipitation data from 55 weather stations spanning 1960–2023, seasonal average trends for boreal winter, spring, summer, and autumn were analyzed using Theil-Sen’s Slope method, and statistical significance was tested at the 95% confidence level. Results indicate a significant increase in precipitation during winter (0.15 mm/decade) and summer (0.13 mm/decade), while no statistically significant changes were observed for spring and autumn. Correlation analysis revealed that 56.4% of the stations showed statistically significant positive correlations between global warming signals and increased winter precipitation. In comparison, 40% of the stations negatively correlated with the IPO during winter. Therefore, global warming and the negative IPO phase are associated with the observed increase in winter precipitation in most of the analyzed stations. In 60% of the stations, including stations impacted by the lake-effect snow, the XGBOOST model showed that the fingerprint of global warming ranked higher than the IPO. This indicates that global warming has a stronger association with the observed positive winter precipitation trend in most stations, and the IPO's net effect is limited to a smaller number of stations (i.e., 40%). These findings highlight that Ohio’s winters are becoming wetter with global warming remarkably contributing to it.
#25 – Gesundheit und Medien Teil 2
Authors: Merz Redaktion , Hein Grit , Kathmann Jessica 
Published: December 2024

In dieser Podcast-Folge vereinen wir zwei sehr unterschiedliche Themen, die aber dennoch einen gemeinsamen Kern haben: mental health. Um psychische Gesundheit geht es sowohl im Interview mit der Professorin für Translationale Soziale Neurowissenschaften, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Grit Hein, als auch mit der Psychologin und Podcasterin Jessica Kathmann (19:25). Und dennoch können die Ansätze nicht unterschiedlicher sein: Grit Hein betreute eine Studie, in der untersucht wurde, ob auch virtuelle Begleiter*innen in furchteinflößenden Situationen die Angst mildern können. Und Jessica Kathmann liefert bei ‚Behind the Screens‘ regelmäßig (psychologische) Analysen, Diskussionen und Gedanken zum Thema Games.
Zusammenfassung der Studie ‚Ein Avatar gegen Angst‘
Zu Behind the Screens
Studying rainfall characteristics affecting low-impact development runoff control measures via numerical simulation
Authors: Yang Shaoxiong , Wang Jian , Chen Guangzhao , Hou Jingming , Guo Minpeng , Yang Bo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

To gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between rainfall characteristics and the effectiveness of runoff control, this study focuses on a representative urban district equipped with low-impact development (LID) features within the Xi'an New Area, China. By utilizing a diverse range of rainfall profiles and employing the GPU-Accelerated Surface Water Flow and Transport Model (GAST), a sophisticated two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate surface runoff dynamics. Our findings highlighted the substantial influence of rainfall intensity, duration, and peak coefficients on the efficiency of runoff control. Specifically, we observed that a rainfall event with a duration of 2 h and a peak coefficient of 0.2 resulted in a runoff control rate varying from 86.17 to 45.44%, depending on the specific rainfall conditions. Furthermore, when rainfall intensity was varied from 19.20 to 87.22 mm, while maintaining a peak coefficient of 0.5, the runoff control rate fluctuated between 82.70 and 44.97%. This investigation reveals a quantifiable framework that elucidates the intricate relationship between rainfall attributes and runoff control effectiveness, providing crucial insights into the development of informed urban flood management strategies.
Health monitoring: a pathway to improved sustainable drainage system maintenance
Authors: Imani Maryam , Brambleby Reuben , Maktabdar Oghaz Mahdi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDSs) have gained popularity, however, guidance for monitoring and maintaining SuDS components remains limited, especially considering their long-term performance in changing environmental conditions. This study begins to address this gap by developing a proof-of-concept model for monitoring infiltration trench (IT) ‘health’. In this study, ‘health’ refers to the physical condition, performance, and overall well-being of the IT. A physical model, constructed following UK SuDS manual guidelines, serves as a testing ground to evaluate IT performance under various maintenance scenarios. The physical model was instrumented to deliver a system for health evaluation. By identifying distinct maintenance parameters, we assess the IT health in terms of infiltration and attenuation/storage volume. The two parameters of ‘leaf build-up’ (surface condition) and ‘sediment build-up’ (subsurface condition) were used as indicative health parameters. The IT instrumentation was able to quantify the adverse effect of sediment build-up on both storage volume and infiltration time. After the sediment was added, the average peak attenuation volume decreased by 40% under a low flow rate and by 20% under a high flow rate. Additionally, the average infiltration time dropped by 26% for both high and low flow rates. Results suggest soil moisture measurements can indicate when IT maintenance is needed.
COVID-19 E AÇÕES EDUCATIVAS AMBIENTAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE NATAL/RN
Authors: Ribes Christel Angelina , D' Oliveira Rosângela Gondim , Chagas Kadydja Karla Nascimento , Almeida Geovane de Souza 
Published: December 2024

O ano de 2020 foi um marco de quebra de paradigmas. A crise sanitária do novo Coronavírus acarretou a necessidade de construções de novas ferramentas metodológicas que marcam a transição do ensino presencial para o remoto. Além disso, obrigou toda população a refletir sobre o que seria o “novo normal”. As novas tecnologias trouxeram benefícios para o trabalhador prestar seu serviço sem a necessidade de sair de sua casa e a possibilidade de laborar em qualquer lugar que se encontre (CARDIM, 2021). Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal investigar as práticas socioambientais que foram desenvolvidas no Setor de Educação Ambiental da Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente e Urbanismo de Natal (SEMURB), antes e durante a pandemia do COVID-19. A tecnologia que antes era muitas vezes vista como algo que afastava os sujeitos do convívio social, neste momento de transição das atividades, apresenta-se como um benefício coletivo para o processo educacional. Diante deste cenário, resultou-se no Setor de Educação Ambiental da Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Urbanismo adequando os Programas e Projetos já desenvolvidos de modo presencial, na pré-pandemia. Com o consequente isolamento social, diversas políticas socioambientais foram afetadas e observando, foram identificadas uma redução significativa do número de ações e projetos, evidenciando as diversas as dificuldades na realização de ações de Educação Ambiental (EA), no entanto, percebeu-se que as redes sociais e se configuraram como uma nova ferramenta para mediar ações de EA.