bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New and Uncommon Indole- and Imidazole-Alkylamines in Skins of Amphibians from Australia and Papua New Guinea
Authors: Roseghini M. , Endean R. , Temperilli A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Extracts of the skin of some amphibians from Australia and Papua New Guinea contained, in addition to the usual 5-hydroxyindolealkylamines and histamine: a. two new, hitherto unknown indolealkylamines, i.e . O-sulphate of bufotenidine and 2-(3-indolyl)ethyltrimethylammonium, a quaternary ammonium base of tryptamine. The rare O-sulphate of bufotenine was also present, the occurrence of which had previously been demonstrated only in the skin of some South American toads; b. a series of uncommon imidazolealkylamines, such as N′-acetylhistamine, N′-methyl-histamine, N′,N′-dimethylhistamine, spinaceamine and 6-methylspinaceamine. It appears evident that amphibian skin continues to be an exceptionally rich source of aromatic amines.
Particle Movement in Heliozoan Axopods Associated with Lateral Displacement of H ighly Ordered Membrane Domains
Authors: Bardele Christian F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Freeze-fracture studies reveal that extrusive organelles displaying saltatory particle movements in centrohelidian axopod are attached to highly ordered domains within the plasma membrane. It is postulated that the motive force for lateral displacement of these membrane domains with the adhering organelle is located immediately underneath the plasma membrane being either part of the peripheral membrane proteins or attached filaments alined parallel to the axopodial micro­ tubules. The attachment domain is interpreted organelle discharge by membrane fusion.
Notizen: Differential Migration of Foliar Applied Zinc in Maize Plants
Authors: Kannan Seshadri , Keppel Hans 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The mobility of Zn2⊕ was assessed by supplying 65Zn2⊕ to the different leaves of maize plants, and radioassaying the plant parts after 2 days. It was found that the 3rd leaf (from the base) absorbed more Zn2⊕ than other leaves. A larger percentage of Zn2⊕ transported, was identified in the stem in general. The study further revealed that there was a close link between the 1st and the 4th leaf for the transport of Zn2⊕
Notizen: Neue Anthrachinonfarbstoffe aus Solorina crocea / Novel Anthraquinone Pigments from Solorina crocea
Authors: Steglich W. , Jedtke K.-F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Besides the known pigments solorinic acid (1) and norsolorinic acid (2) the lichen Solorina crocea contains 4.4′-disolorinic acid (3), averantin 6-methyl ether (4), and averantin (5).
Studies on the Undecapeptide of Ferricytochrome c Using ESR, Mössbauer and Visible Spectroscopies
Authors: Nassif Sr. Rosemarie , Baumgartner Celia , Sellers Martha , May Leopold 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Undecapeptide of Ferricytochrome c, Electron Spin Resonance, Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Visible Spectroscopy The ESR, Mössbauer, and visible spectra of the undecapeptide of ferricytochrome c (H P p) were measured for both the solid peptide and solutions of the peptide at pH 1.5, 7, and 10. At the low pH, the iron exists in the H Pp in the high-spin species. At neutral and alkaline pHs, the low-spin ferric species predominate. The results of these measurements support the previous sug­gestions concerning the ligands in the fifth and sixth position of HPp at the neutral and alkaline pHs. The spectra of lyophilized preparations of HPp show the presence of both high and low-spin ferric species. The study of the Mössbauer spectra of the lyohilized preparations as function of temerature shows that there exists a spin-spin equilibrium between the two spin states. The relative amounts of the two components vary with the preparation. In these preparations there exist two components, one of which exists in the equilibrium mixture and the second in the high-spin form.
Röntgenkleinwinkel-und Sedimentationsstudien am a-Häm ocyanin Helix pomatia (halbe Moleküle) in Glycerin-und Saccharoselösungen / Small-Angle X-Ray and Sedimentation Studies on a-Haemocyanin H . pomatia (Halve Molecules) in Glycerol and Sucrose Solutions Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering, Haemocyanin, Sedimentation, Multicomponent System
Authors: Berger Johann , Pilz Ingrid , Witters Raf , Lontie René 
Published: August 2018

The α -haemocyanin molecules of Helix pomatia were decomposed into halves and studied in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering. The following parameters of the molecule could be ob­tained : radius of gyration, volume, molecular weight, overall shape and dimensions of the molecule.
With small-angle X-ray scattering fluctuations of the electron density within the protein cause parasitic scattering at larger angles. According to Stuhrmann and Kirste it is possible to eliminate it mathematically by varying the electron density of the buffer. For this purpose different quan­tities of glycerol respectively saccharose were added to the solvent to study the scattering of α -haemocyanin halves in solvents of varied electron density. The change of the isopotential specific volume of haemocyanin and the strong increase of the statistical errors of its scattering by de­creasing of the excess scattering of solution over solvent per unit volume did not allow an ap­plication of the method of Stuhrmann and Kirste. The data obtained for α -haemocanin halves in different solvents are given.
Besides also the sedimentation of the α -haemocyanin halves were studied in solutions containing varied amounts of glycerol and saccharose. An attempt was made to calculate the change of the partial specific volume of haemocyanin by adding glycerol or saccharose.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of d (+) and 1(–) Methyl-2-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-propionate
Authors: Schmidt Th , Ag Bayer , Forschungszentrum Wuppertal , Fedtke C , Schmidt R , Schmidt Th. , Fedtke C. , Schmidt R. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
d (+) and 1(-) Methyl-2-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-propionate (common name chlorfenprop-methyl; trade mark Bidisin®) were prepared and their herbicidal activities studied on Avena fatua L. and Avena sativa L. (“Flämingskrone”). The 1(-) enantiomer was found to be twice as active as the racemate; the d (+) form almost inactive.
Properties of an Antiserum Against Streptomyces hydrogenans 20β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
Authors: Lotz Bernhard , Betz Joachim , Träger Lothar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Antiserum against crystallized 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Streptomyces hydrogenans was used for different immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation tests to quantify the bacterial enzyme in cell-free supernatants of the microorganism. After immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis the molecular weight of the subunits of 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was calculated to be 27 300 ± 700.
Pyramidal Cells with Different Densities of Dendritic Spines in the Cortex of the Mouse
Authors: Schüz Almut 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Neighbouring pyramidal cells in the mouse cortex sometimes have different densities of dentritic spines. This was shown by a quantitative analysis of 10 neurons. For this, a method was worked out which corrects for the spines hidden behind (and in front of) the dendrite. The main result is that there is a positive correlation between the spine densities on different parts of the dendritic tree of one neuron. The possible functional meaning of these findings is briefly discussed.
Tautomerism of Isoguanosine and Solvent-Induced Keto-Enol Equilibrium
Authors: Sepioł Jerzy , Kazimierczuk Zygmunt , Shugar David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectroscopy, in aqueous and non-aqueous media, have been employed to study the tautomerism of 9-substituted isoguanines, including the nucleoside iso­ guanosine. With the aid of a series of model compounds, it was shown that 9-substituted isogua­ nines, and isoguanosine, in aqueous medium are predominantly in the form N(1)H,2-keto-6-amino.
In dioxane solution the tautomeric equilibrium is shifted in the direction of the enol form. The shift towards this form is accentuated for those analogues in which the exocyclic amino group is methylated.
With the aid of N6,N6,9-trimethylisoguanine, and its 9-octyl analogue, the tautomeric constant was studied as a function of concentration, temperature, and solvent polarity, and the results applied to evaluate the tautomeric equilibria of 9-methylisoguanine and isoguanosine as a function of these variables. In general the enol form is favoured by a decrease in solvent polarity, by a decrease in concentration in dioxane, or an increase in temperature in chloroform solution.
Syntheses are described for several N6-amino and methylamino derivatives of 2-methoxy-9-methylpurine, and 3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydroimidazo (2,1-i) purine, which served as an analogue of the unavailable 1,9-dimethylisoguanine.
Synthese von 5-Azido-3-nitro-ω-brom-acetophenon — einem photoaktivierbaren bifunktionellen Reagenz zur Vernetzung von Biopolymeren / Synthesis of 5-Azido-3-nitro-ω-bromo-acetophenone — a Photochemically Active Bifunctional Reagent for the Cross-Linking of Biopolymers
Authors: Seela Frank 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The photochemically activatable heterobifunctional reagent 5-azido-3-nitro-ω-bromo-acetophenone (3) was synthesized by condensation of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride with diethyl malonate, acid-catalyzed decarboxylation of the formed malonester derivative 1 to 3,5-dinitro-acetophenone (2a), selective reduction of one nitro group in 2a to 5-amino-3-nitro-acetophenone (2b) and diazotization to 2c. Nucleophilic displacement of the diazonium group in 2c by sodium azide forms 5-azido-3-nitro-acetophenone (2d) which gives 3 after bromination. Compound 3 is photochemically labile and forms an highly reactive nitrene during ultraviolet irradiation. Since compound 3 is able to alkylate amino-or mercapto-groups of amino acids or nucleosides via its bromoacetyl residue, the bifunctional reagent 3 should cross link proteins or nucleic acids after nitrene generation.
Weitere Anthrachinone aus Digitalis schischkinii, X / Further Anthraquinones from Digitalis schischkinii
Authors: Imre Sedat , Öztunc Aysel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Twentyone anthraquinones have been found in the roots of Digitalis schischkinii (Ivan.) of which the following are new natural pigments: 4,5-dihydroxydigitolutein, 5-hydroxy-and 4,5-dihydroxy-nordigitolutein.
Studies on Plant Bile Pigments: Characterization of a Model for the Phytochrome Pr Chromophor
Authors: Scheer Hugo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The common A-dihydrobiliverdin chromophor proposed to be present in both phycocyanin and phytochrome Pr has been characterized by using octaethylbiliverdin and its A-dihydro derivative as model compounds. The UV-vis spectra for the free bases, cations, anions and zinc complexes are reported, and the related protonation-deprotonation equilibria have been studied. The data support the postulated structures for the biliproteid chromophor, and at the same time they indicate A-dihydrooctaethylbiliverdin to be a useful model.
Aminotransferase-Aktivität in der Blaualge Anacystis nidulans / Activity of Aminotransferases in the Blue Green Alga Anacystis nidulans
Authors: Döhler Günter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans (strain L 1402-1) was grown at + 37 °C in air (0.03 vol.% CO2 and in air enriched with 3.0 vol.% CO2. The effects of several inhibitors on the activity of aminotransferases, 14CO2 fixation and radioactive photosynthetic products of Anacystis were studied. No serine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity could be found in 10-2 м isonicotinyl hydrazide (INH) ; under the influence of this inhibitor aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were decreased about 49% respectively 17.6%. Serine-pyruvate and alanine aminotransferase activity decreased to more than 50% in 10-3 м glyoxalbisulfite. The obtained inhibitory effect of 10-4 м HPMS on serine-piruvate aminotransferase (35%) was stronger than on the other aminotransferases. DCMU (5 × 10-6 м) inhibition on alanine aminotransferase activity was 83.7%. Under the influence of 10-3 м glyoxalbisulfite no 14C-labelled amino acids could be detected after 5 min photosynthesis; 14C-labelling of phosphoenolpyruvate, malate, phosphoglycolate and glycolic acid increased. Isonicotinyl hydrazide (10-2 м) caused in comparison to the control experiment a lower radioactivity in aspartate, glutamate and phosphoenolpyruvate. The results are discussed with reference to the operation of the glycolate pathway and a carboxylation reaction of phosphoenolpyruvate in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans.
Stabilization of the Photosynthetic Activities of Isolated Spinach Chloroplasts during Prolonged Ageing
Authors: Kulandaivelu G. , Hall D.O. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Isolated spinach chloroplasts (type A complete) were used to study the changes in the photo-chemical activities upon storage in order to establish optimum conditions for prolonged storage. Chloroplasts stored at - 5 °C were found to retain over 70% of their photosynthetic electron transport from H2O even after 5 days. Increases in the level of state 2 electron transport (due to uncoupling) with concomitant loss of state 3 phosphorylation activity was observed during the initial period of ageing. Addition of 1% bovine serum albumin decreased the level of uncoupling and maintained the phosphorylation activity for a longer period. Chloroplasts stored at 77 °K maintained their phosphorylation capacity for a period of 10 days even after repeated freezing and thawing. Photosystem I activity was found to be more stable over the whole ageing period of 15 days. Loss of plastoquinone may be responsible for the decrease in electron transport between photosystems II and I.
Untersuchungen an Rektalpolstern der Honigbiene Apis mellifica / Studies on the Rectal Pads of the Honey Bee Apis mellifica
Authors: Bazin Brita , Kümmel Georg , Zerbst-Boroffka Irene 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Honey Bee, Rectal Pads, Function According to earlier investigations young bees show a rectal fluid hypo-osmotic to the haemolymph. It had been assumed, however, that in certain situations honey bees have to be economical with water and simultaneously form a rectal fluid hyperosmotic to the haemolymph. The latter has been confirmed by the present investigation.
Chemical Composition of the Nasal Gland Secretion from the Marsh Deer Odocoileus ( DorcelaphusJ dichotomus (Illiger)
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Von Lehmann Ernst 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The secretion of the nasal gland from the marsh deer (Odocoileus dichotomus) has shown to be a lipid mixture predominantly containing cholesterol esters, mono-and diester waxes, the latter of which containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The alcoholic constituents of the mono-and diester waxes contain considerable amounts of mono-unsaturated homologues, all with double bonds in(ω-9) position.
Unusual Photochemical Transformation of 5-Ethylorotate to 5-Ethylidenehydroorotate
Authors: Kulikowska E , Hingerty B , Saenger W , Shugar D 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ultraviolet irradiation of 5-ethylorotate in aqueous medium led to formation of 5-ethylidene-hydroorotate via a 1,3-hydrogen rearrangement from the ethylene group of the 5-substituent to the ring C6 . The same product was also obtained by an alternate pathway via a hitherto un­identified intermediate.
The structure of this unusual pyrimidine analogue, established in the solid state by X-ray diffraction, was shown with the aid of spectroscopic methods to be the same in solution, and some of its properties are described.
Heating of 5-ethylidenehydroorotate in the solid state led by direct conversion to a mixture of the parent 5-ethylorotate and 5-ethyluracil. By contrast, ultraviolet irradiation in aqueous medium resulted in quantitative photochemical conversion of the photoproduct to 5-ethyluracil.
Spectral Properties of Fluorescent Dyes in Lecithin Vesicles
Authors: Pohl G. W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Three fluorescent dyes (a merocyanin, a cyanin and a modified umbelliferon) have been in­corporated into vesicles from three different lecithins. Their absorption spectrum, emission spectrum and fluorescence polarization in the lipid vesicles has been studied and compared with the spectral properties in homogeneous organic solutions. The reactivity of lipid bound dyes with reagents in the aqueous phase was investigated. The location use as indicators of phase transitions or membrane
Variable Composition of Cytochrome b6-f Particles
Authors: Lach Hans-Joachim , Böger Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cytochrome b6-f particles were prepared from chloroplasts of spinach and the heterokont alga Bumilleriopsis filiformis using digitonin in comparison with non-ionic detergents. The cytochrome b6-f particles are solubilized in different amounts according to chemical structure and HLB value of the detergent (see Griffin, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1, 311 [1949]). Also the ratio of the two cytochromes in the isolated particle depends on the detergent used. In case of spinach, it varies from Cyt b6: f = 1.5:1 to 4.9:1. These investigations do not strengthen the idea that a cytochrome b6-f complex with a stoichiometric composition is present in the photosynthetic membrane. Applica­tion of different detergents is a means for selective solubilization of thylakoid membrane com­ponents.
Notizen: Eine besondere Haftvorrichtung zwischen Cortex radiatus externus und Follikelepithel der Oocyten von Gobio gobio (L). (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)/A Special Attaching-Mechanism between the Cortex radiatus externus and the Follicle Epithelium of the Oocytes of Gobio gobio
Authors: Riehl Rüdiger 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The cortex radiatus externus and the follicle epithelium of the freshwater teleost Gobio gobio are firmly attached together by a special attaching-mechanism. The apical surface of the plugs of the cortex radiatus externus has recesses and excavations which fit in the short projections of the follicle cells and prevent moving of these cells on the egg mem­branes. This attaching-mechanism also assists in fastening the oocytes (eggs) on the substrate.
Interaction of Streptolysin-O with Natural and Artificial Membranes
Authors: Fehrenbach Franz J. , Eibl Hansjörg 
Published: August 2018

1. Kinetic studies on the binding of 125I-Streptolysin-O exhibited immediate fixation of activated toxin to natural and artificial membranes. Once fixed to the membrane no release of Streptolysin-O or Streptolysin-O-lipid-complexes has been observed.
2. In contrast to activated toxin (free SH-groups!), oxidized Streptolysin-O was shown to become also fixed to membranes, however, with different binding kinetics. The binding of oxidized material was clearly dependent on temperature and time. When the toxin was oxidized twice the amount of labelled material was bound as compared with the hemolytically active Streptolysin-O. This suggests that oxidized Streptolysin-O, too, possesses a “binding site” within the molecule, though free SH-groups were expected to be essential for toxin fixation at the membrane. It has been shown that oxidized (inactive) and reduced (active) Streptolysin-O forms stable “complexes” with liposomes in aqueous solution, which could be separated by chromatography on Sepharose gels.
3. The binding of 125I-toxin to membranes and liposomes was specific since specific antisera against Streptolysin-O inhibited fixation of toxin completely.
4. Hydrolysis of phospholipids and release of lysophosphatides by Streptolysin-O esterase (EC 2.1.1.2) has not been observed, thus providing no evidence for an enzymatic concept of membrane damage.
The Effect of Water on Proton Transfer in Pyrazole
Authors: Babin V. N. , Zavelovich E. B. , Belousov Yu. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An NMR 13C study has shown that proton rearrangement in pyrazole is decreased by adding small amounts of water to the sample. Single water molecules as coordination centres pertrub the mechanism of cooperative proton transfer occurring in pyrazole selfassociates. The decrease of the rearrangement effect due to water is similar to the action of transition metal ions studied by the authors earlier.
Schadstoff-Untersuchungen an datierten Sedimentkernen aus dem Bodensee / Pollution Research on Dated Sediment Cores from Lake Constance
Authors: Müller German 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The vertical distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in dated sediments of four sedimentary profiles from the central part of Lake Constance was examined.
From about 1900 until now a steady increase of N and P is to be observed. Nitrogen is enriched by a factor of about 5, phosphorus by a factor of about only 2. The N/P-ratio shows a continuous increase since 1900.
The explanation for this development is the steady increase of phosphates delivered into the lake since about 1900. Thus, p.ex. the total amount of phosphorus increased between 1930 and 1974 from 274 to 1929 tons per year.
Most of the sedimentary nitrogen is incorporated into the organic material, the production of which is clearly bound to the availability of phosphorus in the lake water. Phosphorus is mostly found in an adsorbed position on clay minerals.
Between N and P on one hand and certain heavy metals (Cd, Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the other hand a positive correlation only can be found as long as the curves for phosphate delivery (responsible for N-and P-concentrations) and coal consumption (responsible for certain heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) have a parallel development.
The decrease in coal consumption in connection with a very strong increase of phosphate delivery during the past 15 years has ceased the parallel evolution of the different groups of pollutants in the sediments, and also demonstrates, that a causal relationship N and P - heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons does not exist.
Isolation and Characterization of a Potassium Specific Ionophore from Streptococcus fuecalis
Authors: Kanne Reinhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The synthesis of a potassium and rubidium specific ionophore by Streptococcus faecalis has been proved, using bilayer measurements. The characteristics of this substance agree with the ones, published for free mobile carriers, such as valinomycin and the macrotetrolides.
Sensory Efficacy of Alkyl-Branched Pheromone Analogues in Noctuid and Tortricid Lepidoptera
Authors: Priesner Ernst , Bestmann Hans-Jürgen , Vostrowsky Otto , Rösel Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effect of introducing alkyl substituents (methyl to pentyl) to the chain segment n in long-chain alkenyl acetates, CH3(CH2)nCH = CH(CH2)m-O-COCH3 (I), was investigated in pheromone receptors of Noctuidae, Tortricidae, and Cochylidae species. The receptor types studied were maximally responsive to (Z)-7-or (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-, (Z)-9-, or (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, or (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate, representing key compounds with n = 1, n = 3, or n = 5 methylene groups.
In terms of the relative stimulus amounts required to elicit equivalent EAG amplitudes, the efficacy of the alkyl-branched derivatives was between 1/1000 to 300 times that of the unbranched chain of the same length and double bond position. The effects of branching were specific to the type of receptor, the length and double bond position of the parent chain, and the kind and position of the alkyl substituent. The most pronounced increase observed occurred with receptors for « = 1 type pheromones, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (Z) -11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate when an α-methyl group was introduced to elongated derivatives; whereas the greatest decreasing effects were obtained on receptors for the n = 5 type compound, (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate. The results show basic differences in structure-response relationships between the Noctuidae vs Tortricidae receptors studied.
Various possible effects of the substituent groups during sensory transduction are considered. The data should contribute to further elucidation of interaction mechanisms of unbranched alkenyl acetate pheromones (I) with insect olfactory receptors.