bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled IL-10 Suppresses Lung Tumorigenesis via Abrogation of Inflammatory Macrophage–Th17 Cell Axis
Authors: Li Qingsheng , Anderson Charles D. , Egilmez Nejat K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Intratracheal administration of a novel IL-10 formulation suppressed IL-17–driven, CD4+ T cell–dependent tumorigenesis in the LSL-K-rasG12D murine lung cancer model. Analysis of lung lymphocyte populations demonstrated that antitumor activity of IL-10 was associated with a 5-fold decline in Th17 cell prevalence and a concurrent suppression of inflammatory M1-like macrophage activity. Further phenotypic characterization revealed that macrophages and dendritic cells, but not Th17 cells, expressed IL-10RA on the cell surface with the CD11b+F4/80+CX3CR1+ interstitial macrophages representing the dominant IL-10RA+ subset. Consistent with these observations, in vitro stimulation of sorted CD4+ T cells with IL-10 did not affect their ability to produce IL-17, whereas similar treatment of purified interstitial macrophages resulted in a dramatic M1 to M2 phenotypic switch. Importantly, preconditioning of macrophages (but not of CD4+ T cells) with IL-10 led to potent suppression of CD4+ T cell IL-17 production in an in vitro coculture assay, suggesting that IL-10 suppressed Th17 cell activity primarily via its upstream effects on macrophages. In support of this notion, in vivo macrophage depletion resulted in a 5-fold decline in Th17 cell numbers and a concurrent 6-fold reduction in tumor burden. Collectively, these data demonstrate that in the LSL-K-rasG12D murine lung cancer model, inflammatory macrophage–Th17 cell axis is critical to tumorigenesis and that IL-10 blocks this process primarily via a direct effect on the former. Inhaled IL-10 formulations may be of use in prophylaxis against lung cancer in high-risk patients.
Impression management within the recruitment interview: Narratives of employees at a South African higher education institution
Authors: Dondolo Vuyelwa , Chinyamurindi Willie T. 
Published: September 2018

Orientation: Job interviews remain a popular platform on which organisations source talent. Interviewees seek to make an impression in interviews to influence the decision to be hired.Research purpose: The study explores why and how impression management manifests within the recruitment interview setting.Motivation for the study: Calls exist within the local and international literature for studies that explore the concept of impression management further as a basis to improve activities such as recruitment and selection.Research approach, design/method: An interpretivist research paradigm using the qualitative approach and the exploratory research design was utilised. In-depth interviews with 20 employees at a South African higher education institution were conducted. Narrative analysis formed the basis of the data analysis by adopting the three levels of the meaning-making approach used in previous studies.Main findings: Two major narratives emerged. Firstly, when exploring why impression management occurs in the recruitment interview, the strategising behaviour was identified. Secondly, when exploring how impression management occurs in the recruitment interview, the switching behaviour was identified.Practical/managerial implications: The study provides information that organisational strategists and recruiters can use to enhance not only the recruitment process but also the decisions informed by such processes.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge in an area of study that has received scant empirical focus locally and internationally. This can be a catalyst for future research on impression management.
The instrument constant of sky radiometers (POM-02) – Part 2: Solid view angle
Authors: Uchiyama Akihiro , Matsunaga Tsuneo , Yamazaki Akihiro 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ground-based networks have been developed to determine the spatiotemporal
distribution of aerosols using sky radiometers. In this study, errors related
to the solid view angle (SVA) of sky radiometers, which are used by SKYNET,
were investigated. The SVA is calculated using solar disk scan data, the
measured radiances around the solar direction in 0.1×0.1∘
increments. These measurements include the scattered light from aerosol and
air molecules, as well as the direct solar irradiance, causing errors in the
SVA calculation. The influence of these errors was evaluated with
simulations. From the results of these simulations if the aerosol optical
depth (optical path length) is less than 0.5 (0.58) at 550 nm and the
aerosol does not include large particles, such as desert dust particles, then
its influence on the SVA calculation was less than 0.5 %. Problems with
the software for the SVA calculation were also investigated. First, the data
processing does not consider the change of airmass (solar zenith angle)
during the solar disk scan measurement. In practice if a measurement is made
in the period when the change in airmass is small, then the error is small.
Second, before starting data processing, the minimum measured value is
subtracted from the measured values, resulting in underestimation of the SVA
by 1 % to 4 %. Thirdly, the values between 1.4 and 2.5∘ are
not properly extrapolated, resulting in overestimation of the SVA by
0.6 % to 2.1 %. The second and third error sources partially cancel
each other out, and the total error is an underestimation of 0.5 % to
1.9 % of the actual value. Furthermore, the annual trend in the SVA was
examined. In both the visible and near-infrared regions (Si photodiode
region) and in the shortwave-infrared region (InGaAs photodiode region), this
trend cannot be seen in 4 and 8 years of data, respectively. The seasonal
variation of the SVA was also examined, but no clear seasonal variation could
be detected.
Day of Admission is Associated With Variation in Geriatric Hip Fracture Care
Authors: Boylan Matthew R. , Riesgo Aldo M. , Paulino Carl B. , Tejwani Nirmal C. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
The transition to bundled payment reimbursement for geriatric hip fractures has incentivized the identification of avoidable inefficiencies in the cost and quality of care. Although a “weekend effect” has been described with regard to hip fracture mortality, measures of efficiency according to the day of hip fracture admission are currently unclear.

Methods:
We identified 62,303 patients aged 65 years or older with a primary diagnosis of femoral neck or intertrochanteric hip fracture in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System between 2009 and 2014. Outcome measures included preoperative delay, postoperative length of stay (LOS), and cost of admission.

Results:
Preoperative delay was longer for weekend admissions, but shorter for admissions on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. Postoperative LOS was longer for admissions on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday. Discharge rates varied considerably according to the day of admission, ranging from 12% to 43% by hospital day 4 and 53% to 72% by hospital day 6. No differences in cost according to day of admission were found once preoperative delay and postoperative LOS were accounted for.

Discussion:
Notable variation exists in hospitalizations for geriatric hip fracture depending on the day of admission. Our data suggest the presence of a weekend effect, in which changes in staffing of surgical, medical, and ancillary services lead to increased waiting times for surgery for new admissions and delays in discharge of early- and mid-week admissions.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, retrospective study
Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Octogenarians: A Safe Procedure
Authors: Bovonratwet Patawut , Malpani Rohil , Ondeck Nathaniel T. , Tyagi Vineet , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
There has been a lack of studies investigating the perioperative course of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) performed in the increasingly octogenarian (≥80 years old) population in a large sample size. The purpose of this study was to compare perioperative complications between primary TSA performed in octogenarians and that performed in younger populations (<70 and 70 to 79 years old) from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Methods:
Patients who underwent primary TSA between January 2005 and December 2015 were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and stratified into three age groups: <70, 70 to 79, and ≥80 years old. Patient characteristics and comorbidities were compared between the three groups. Propensity score-matched comparisons were then performed for length of hospital stay, 30-day perioperative complications, and readmissions. Risk factors and reasons for readmission in the octogenarians were characterized.

Results:
This study included 3,007 patients who were <70 years old, 2,155 patients who were 70 to 79 years old, and 900 octogenarian patients. Statistical analysis was carried out after matching for propensity score. While no significant differences in perioperative complications were observed between the octogenarians and 70- to 79-year-olds, significantly higher rates of readmission (4.2% versus 1.7%; P = 0.002), pneumonia (1.1% versus 0.0%; P = 0.002), and urinary tract infection (1.8% versus 0.2%; P = 0.001) were found in the octogenarians compared with <70-year-olds. In addition, the octogenarians also had a slightly longer length of hospital stay compared with the younger populations (0.6 days longer than <70-year-olds and 0.4 days longer than 70- to 79-year-olds; both P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
These data suggest that primary TSA can safely be considered for octogenarians with only mildly increased morbidities. However, greater preoperative optimization or post-discharge care for octogenarians may be warranted to reduce the rates of readmission.
Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Hip Femoroacetabular Impingement Patients with Radiographic Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Lei Pengfei , Conaway William K. , Martin Scott D. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
In this study, the prognostic value of osteoarthritis (OA) on the overall failure rate, pain, and function of surgical management of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) was evaluated via meta-analysis.

Methods:
Relevant comparative studies were obtained from PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane database up until April 2016. Studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria. The study design, participant characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were reviewed after the assessment of methodological quality of each trial. All data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3.

Results:
Seven studies were identified with 1,129 total patients, with 819 patients in the FAI group and 310 patients in the FAI with OA group. Pooled analyses showed that the overall failure rate was significantly higher in the FAI-OA group than in the FAI group (odds ratio, 8.50; 95% confidence interval, 4.44 to 16.26; P < 0.00001). In addition, the rate of conversion to total hip arthroplasty was significantly higher in the FAI-OA group (37.3%) than in the FAI group (9.7%) (odds ratio, 19.42; 95% confidence interval, 7.00 to 53.85; P < 0.00001).

Conclusions:
We found that radiographic OA was correlated with higher failure rates, increased conversion to total hip arthroplasty, and worse outcomes after surgical management of FAI.

Level of Evidence:
Level II
Median Nerve Ultrasonography Measurements Correlate With Electrodiagnostic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Severity
Authors: Ting Beverlie L. , Blazar Philip E. , Collins Jamie E. , Mora Ariana N. , Salajegheh Mohammad Kian , Amato Anthony A. , Earp Brandon E. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to assess whether median nerve ultrasonography (US) measurements correlate with the severity scale of electrodiagnostic studies (EDS) of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of patients aged ≥18 years who underwent both median nerve US and EDS. US measurements of the median nerve cross-sectional area at the distal wrist crease and forearm were used to calculate the median nerve wrist-to-forearm ratio. EDS severity was classified according to guidelines from the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine.

Results:
A total of 112 wrists (n = 112) in 78 consecutive patients with a mean age of 59 (range, 26 to 88) years were included. Increased cross-sectional area at the distal wrist crease and wrist-to-forearm ratio were significantly correlated with increased EDS severity (P < 0.0001).

Discussion:
Median nerve US measurements not only distinguished between normal and abnormal EDS but also correlated with the category of EDS severity.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic III
Reliability of Proxy-reported Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function and Pain Interference Responses for Elderly Patients With Musculoskeletal Injury
Authors: Alvarez-Nebreda M. Loreto , Heng Marilyn , Rosner Bernard , McTague Michael , Javedan Houman , Harris Mitchel B. , Weaver Michael J. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments are useful to evaluate health status, but its use can be challenging for some vulnerable elderly patients, requiring aid from their proxies. Whether the proxies could be accurate informants is unknown. The goal of this study was to compare elderly patients' and their proxies' answers with PROMIS physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) computer adaptive test for the evaluation of patients' outcomes after musculoskeletal injury. In addition, to correlate patients' reported PF with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study, from February to September 2016, in the Orthopaedic trauma clinic of two level I Trauma centers, included 273 patients aged 65 years or older, ambulatory, cognitively intact, with a discernible proxy. PROMIS PF and PI, TUG, and the “FRAIL” Questionnaire screening tool were performed. The correlation of PROMIS scores between patients and proxies, and also with the TUG score, was assessed using Spearman rank correlation. The Bland-Altman analysis served to check agreement and bias. Subgroup comparison was tested using probit transformations.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 75.7 years, SD 7.5 (62.2 years; SD, 13.8 for proxies), 66.7% women, 57.1% married, and 34% with femoral fractures. A significant correlation and agreement of PROMIS PF and PI scores were found between patients and proxies (Spearman rho for both, PF and PI = 0.73), although proxies tended to overestimate the interference of pain on patient's performance (median difference, −1.7; P < 0.001). The correlation was markedly stronger in nonfrail patients and in those with faster TUG scores. There was also a correlation between patients' PROMIS PF and TUG test (Spearman rho = − 0.58).

Conclusions:
Proxies are good informants of the PF of ambulatory, cognitively intact elderly patients, as evaluated by the PROMIS PF instrument, after musculoskeletal injury, although they tend to slightly overestimate PI. The use of proxy-reported PROs might better characterize functional impairment and pain in a vulnerable patient population, and it could decrease selection bias in outcomes research.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic level II
Correlation of Short Knee Radiographs and Full-length Radiographs in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammad M. , Wood Thomas J. , Somerville Lyndsay E. , Howard James L. , Lanting Brent A. , Vasarhelyi Edward M. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
The clinical success and longevity of a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in large part depend on our ability to control coronal alignment. However, controversy exists regarding which radiographs to use for the most accurate interpretation. The study assesses the accuracy of coronal alignment measurements using a single short knee radiograph (SKR) in comparison with full-length radiographs (FLRs).

Methods:
Using our institutional database, we retrieved radiographs of all patients who have had pre- and postoperative FLRs for their primary TKA in 2014. The following measurements were obtained on both short and long radiographs: femoral-tibial angle (FTA), anatomic lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, condylar-plateau angle, and condylar-plateau distance. A reliability analysis was conducted between the pre- and postoperative SKRs and FLRs using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:
Radiographs of 236 limbs were included in the analysis. The FTA showed an ICC of 0.84 and 0.69 on the pre- and postoperative radiographs, respectively. Good ICC was seen in the lateral distal femoral angle in both the pre- and postoperative radiographs; these were 0.70 and 0.67, respectively. Also, the medial proximal tibial angle showed good to excellent correlation, with an ICC of 0.83 on the preoperative and 0.66 on the postoperative radiographs.

Conclusion:
This study illustrates that SKRs could be an appropriate substitute for FLRs for the evaluation of primary TKA coronal alignment, especially in the postoperative assessment of these patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FCH PET/CT) for staging of high-risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Gauvin Simon , Rompré-Brodeur Alexis , Chaussé Guillaume , Anidjar Maurice , Bladou Franck , Probst Stephan 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FCH PET/CT) for initial staging of patients with high-risk prostate cancer. Secondary objectives were to compare the value of 18F-FCH PET/CT to conventional imaging modalities and to evaluate its clinical impact.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 76 patients who underwent 18F-FCH PET/CT for initial staging of high-risk prostate cancer. Using pre-established validation criteria, sensitivity and specificity were determined for metastatic disease. Results were compared to findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and bone scan (BS) when available.
Results: Twenty-two (29%) PET/CT scans were positive, 49 (64%) negative, and five (7%) equivocal for nodal or metastatic disease. Of the positive scans, 17 showed regional lymph node involvement, 12 distant nodes, five bone metastases, and three lung metastases. Overall per-patient sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for metastatic disease were 65%, 100%, 100%, and 78%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 64%, 100%, 100%, and 80%, respectively, for nodal involvement and 86%, 100%, 100%, and 98%, respectively, for bone and other metastases. Conventional imaging was negative for the lesion(s) found on PET/CT in five patients. PET/CT changed the clinical management in nine patients (12%).
Conclusions: Although 18F-FCH PET/CT offers some benefits over conventional imaging and demonstrates a high specificity, it remains limited by its sensitivity in the context of high-risk prostate cancer staging. PET with novel urea-based small molecule prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors may overcome some of these limitations. However, the interpretation of the study result is limited by the lack of available histological gold standard, the inclusion of several patients who received androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) prior to PET/CT, our retrospective design, and a relatively small sample size.
Having your cake and eating it, too. Over het weren van dual class-structuren uit aandelenindices
Authors: Keijzer T.A. 
Published: September 2018

Having your cake and eating it, too. Over het weren van dual class-structuren uit aandelenindices
Enige tijd terug zijn verschillende samenstellers van aandelenindices consultatieprocedures gestart over de opname van beursvennootschappen met een dual class-aandelenstructuur. In deze bijdrage wordt de opkomst van het fenomeen indexbeleggen beschreven en betoogd dat het uitsluiten van dual class-vennootschappen het rendement van beleggers negatief zal beïnvloeden.
Richtlijnvoorstel voor grensoverschrijdende omzettingen, fusies en splitsingen: een (geheel) nieuwe stap in het harmonisatieproces
Authors: Verbrugh M.A. 
Published: September 2018

Richtlijnvoorstel voor grensoverschrijdende omzettingen, fusies en splitsingen: een (geheel) nieuwe stap in het harmonisatieproces
Op 25 april 2018 heeft de Europese Commissie een voorstel voor een nieuwe harmonisatieregeling voor grensoverschrijdende omzettingen en grensoverschrijdende splitsingen en een aanpassing van de bestaande regels inzake grensoverschrijdende fusies openbaar gemaakt. In deze bijdrage wordt het voorstel kritisch onderzocht.
Interne bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid en de klachtplicht: de uitzondering op de regel of de regel op de uitzondering?
Authors: Caris S.A.L.L. , Kulk D.J.M. 
Published: September 2018

Interne bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid en de klachtplicht: de uitzondering op de regel of de regel op de uitzondering?
In de bijdrage wordt ingegaan op toepassing van de klachtplicht op bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid ex artikel 2:9 BW. De auteurs komen tot de conclusie dat er geen goede dogmatische en praktische redenen zijn om de klachtplicht niet van toepassing te verklaren op bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid ex artikel 2:9 BW.
Het trustkantoor als bestuurder en ‘omgaan’ in het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht (HR 30 maart 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:470)
Authors: Westenbroek W.A. 
Published: September 2018

Het trustkantoor als bestuurder en ‘omgaan’ in het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht (HR 30 maart 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:470)
In deze bijdrage vervolgt de auteur zijn kritiek op de rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad over het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht, nu naar aanleiding van een recent arrest waarin een trustbestuurder door derden werd aangesproken. De auteur constateert dat te veel gewicht is toegekend aan de taakverdeling binnen het bestuur en dat de stelplicht die bij externe bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid zou moeten gelden, is miskend. Daarnaast laat de auteur zien dat bij de beoordeling van externe aansprakelijkheid van bestuurders van buitenlandse rechtspersonen tevens dient te worden gekeken naar de wettelijke normen die volgens het recht van die buitenlandse rechtspersonen op bestuurders rusten.
Länderbericht Österreich
Authors: Ferrari Susanne , Köllich Valentina 
Published: September 2018

Länderbericht Österreich
Das österreichische Erbrecht ist erst kürzlich grundlegend reformiert worden. Das Erbrechtsänderungsgesetz 2015, das mit 1. Jänner 2017 in Kraft getreten ist, stellt die umfangreichste Reform seit Bestehen des Allgemeinen Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches 1811 dar. Kernbereiche betreffen insbesondere sprachliche und inhaltliche Anpassungen an die Bedürfnisse des 21. Jahrhunderts. So haben unter anderem das Testamentsrecht, das gesetzliche Erbrecht und das Pflichtteilsrecht Änderungen erfahren.Im folgenden Beitrag werden drei Themen des österreichischen Erbrechts behandelt: die Stellung des überlebenden Ehegatten (Kapitel 2), die Stellung des überlebenden Lebensgefährten (Kapitel 3) und das Pflichtteilsrecht sowie pflichtteilsähnliche Rechte (Kapitel 4). Auch diese Bereiche wurden im Zuge der Reform (teilweise) neu geregelt und modernisiert, weshalb eine nähere Darstellung für den rechtsvergleichenden Diskurs vielversprechend erscheint.
Länderbericht Schweiz
Authors: Künzle Hans Rainer 
Published: September 2018

Länderbericht Schweiz
Das schweizerische Eherecht bietet umfassende Möglichkeiten, den überlebenden Ehegatten zu begünstigen. Seine gesetzliche Stellung ist aus vermögensrechtlicher Sicht ausgewogen, auch wenn in einer Revision gegenwärtig möglicherweise sein Pflichtteil etwas eingeschränkt wird. Der Ehegatte kann weniger häufig als die Kinder von Herabsetzung und Ausgleichung betroffen.Das schweizerische Internationale Erbrecht, welches grundsätzlich am Wohnsitz anknüpft, bietet durch eine Rechts- und Zuständigkeitswahl umfassende Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten.