bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial pattern and its influencing factors of national-level cultural heritage in China
Authors: Shen Wei , Chen Yanli , Cao Weiwei , Yu Ruyi , Rong Peijun , Cheng Jinlong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Exploring the spatial pattern and its influencing mechanism of cultural heritage is of great significance for the systematic protection, inheritance and utilization of cultural heritage. In this study, the national-level cultural heritage of China as the research object, and the spatial patterns of the cultural heritage (CH), tangible cultural heritage (TCH) and intangible cultural heritage (ICH) are analyzed are summarized using the multiple geospatial analysis method, and their spatial distribution differences. Then, the optimal parameter geodetector model was further used to analyze the influencing and interaction effect of natural environment (NE) factors, socioeconomic and cultural environment (SCE) factors on the spatial distribution of CH, TCH and ICH, and the interaction mechanism was deeply discussed. The results show that high-density region of CH are mainly located in the southeastern Heihe-Tengchong Line of China, while low-density region are mostly located in the northwestern Heihe-Tengchong Line. In terms of local spatial differences, the spatial distribution of material cultural heritage is different in different river basins, different terrains and different climates. The spatial distribution of ICH mainly shows significant differences in terrain and climate, and does not show significant differences in river basins. In terms of influencing factors, sociocultural environment, education level, historical settlement environment, road traffic, climate, economy, population and terrain factors all have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of CH and TCH. Sociocultural environment, education level, historical settlement environment, road traffic, climate, economy and population have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of ICH, while topographic factors and water system factors have no significant impact on the spatial distribution of ICH. Compared with ICH, TCH is more likely to be directly affected by topographic conditions (altitude, relief of terrain) and hydrological conditions (production and living water sources and flood risk) during its formation stage. At the same time, topographic and hydrological conditions can also indirectly affect the spatial distribution of TCH by directly affecting human agricultural activities, economic activities and cultural activities.
Technological leadership of kindergarten teachers along their careers and during the COVID-19 period
Authors: Aizenberg Merav , Zilka Gila Cohen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study examines the use of technology by kindergarten teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the course of their professional careers, and their attitudes toward the integration of technology in kindergartens with the resolution of the crisis. The article presents findings derived from interviews with kindergarten teachers in Israel. The study revealed three patterns of technology use by kindergarten teachers, with no differences between career stages. The avoidance pattern (37%), the structured activism pattern (22%), and the entrepreneurial pattern (40%). The findings of the study contradict the approach that explains the use of technology based on career stages.
Quantitative modeling of lenticulostriate arteries on 7-T TOF-MRA for cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Li Zhixin , Sun Dongbiao , Ling Chen , Bai Li , Zhang Jinyuan , Wu Yue , Yuan Yun , Wang Zhaoxia , Wang Zhe , Zhuo Yan , Xue Rong , Zhang Zihao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
We developed a framework for segmenting and modeling lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) on 7-T time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography and tested its performance on cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) patients and controls.

Methods
We prospectively included 29 CADASIL patients and 21 controls. The framework includes a small-patch convolutional neural network (SP-CNN) for fine segmentation, a random forest for modeling LSAs, and a screening model for removing wrong branches. The segmentation performance of our SP-CNN was compared to competitive networks. External validation with different resolution was performed on ten patients with aneurysms. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) between each network and manual segmentation were calculated. The modeling results of the centerlines, diameters, and lengths of LSAs were compared against manual labeling by four neurologists.

Results
The SP-CNN achieved higher DSC (92.741 ± 2.789, mean ± standard deviation) and lower HD (0.610 ± 0.141 mm) in the segmentation of LSAs. It also outperformed competitive networks in the external validation (DSC 82.6 ± 5.5, HD 0.829 ± 0.143 mm). The framework versus manual difference was lower than the manual inter-observer difference for the vessel length of primary branches (median -0.040 mm, interquartile range -0.209 to 0.059 mm) and secondary branches (0.202 mm, 0.016–0.537 mm), as well as for the offset of centerlines of primary branches (0.071 mm, 0.065–0.078 mm) and secondary branches (0.072, 0.064–0.080 mm), with p < 0.001 for all comparisons.

Conclusion
Our framework for LSAs modeling/quantification demonstrated high reliability and accuracy when compared to manual labeling.

Trial registration
NCT05902039 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05902039?cond=NCT05902039).

Relevance statement
The proposed automatic segmentation and modeling framework offers precise quantification of the morphological parameters of lenticulostriate arteries. This innovative technology streamlines diagnosis and research of cerebral small vessel disease, eliminating the burden of manual labeling, facilitating cohort studies and clinical diagnosis.

Key Points

The morphology of LSAs is important in the diagnosis of CSVD but difficult to quantify.

The proposed algorithm achieved the performance equivalent to manual labeling by neurologists.

Our method can provide standardized quantitative results, reducing radiologists’ workload in cohort studies.

Graphical Abstract
Modeling local scour around complex bridge supports using CFD and a shear-stresses-based simplified approach
Authors: Abdelalim Sama M. , Gad Mohamed A. , El-Molla Doaa A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents a simplified numerical modeling approach that estimates the local scour depths around bridge supports based on the bed shear stresses. It is developed using 3D computational fluid dynamics and coding through ANSYS workbench scripting along with C++ language. The proposed model is called SCFDS (Simplified Computational Fluid Dynamics Scour). The model’s main idea is to lower the bed bathymetry at the locations affected by flow obstruction until the shear stresses reach stable target values. The developed model is assessed by applying it to a complex pier of a real bridge over the Nile-River, and its scour data is calculated using the Hec-18 empirical equations. The outcomes of the model’s assessment show that it can depict the local scour around complex bridge supports. The developed approach is a novel and efficient tool that can help the designers in simulating local scour in the vicinity of flow obstructions. However, more verification studies are necessary to reach a generalized conclusion.
A numerical investigation on rheological turbulent flow through a 90° mixing elbow
Authors: Banerjee Arka , Mazumdar Joydeep 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMixing elbows are widely used in various industrial processes to mix two different Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids under turbulent flow conditions. This study numerically investigates the fluid flow and mixing characteristics in 90-degree elbows with different bend curvatures (curvature ratios of 3, 6, and 9) and Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 × 104 to 5 × 105 for both fluid types. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the turbulent k-epsilon model in ANSYS Fluent. Results show that the bend curvature creates an adverse pressure gradient that drives secondary flows, which become more pronounced with higher Reynolds numbers and lower curvature ratios. Higher Reynolds numbers improve mixing quality, as indicated by velocity and temperature variations quantified using standard deviations. For Reynolds numbers in the range of 104, velocity fluctuations initially increase, but at higher values (~ 105), they decrease, even by up to 64% as the Reynolds number rises from 1 × 105 to 5 × 105. Similarly, increasing the curvature ratio enhances mixing efficiency, with a 32% reduction in velocity fluctuations when the curvature ratio increases from 6 to 9. Furthermore, shear-thinning fluids ($$n = 0.6$$

n
=
0.6

) exhibit superior mixing performance, with a standard deviation of velocity fluctuations at the outlet of 0.32, compared to 0.54 for shear-thickening fluids ($$n = 1.4$$

n
=
1.4

). In terms of temperature fluctuations also, a similar trend is observed. These findings are valuable for optimizing mixing and fluid transport in industries such as chemical processing and food production, where effective mixing of complex fluids is critical. This study provides insights for improving the design of mixing systems that handle fluids with various rheological characteristics.
Gender differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes associated with cognitive-affective symptoms
Authors: Meshkat Shakila , Tassone Vanessa K. , Dunnett Sarah , Pang Hilary , Wu Michelle , Boparai Josheil K. , Jung Hyejung , Lou Wendy , Bhat Venkat 
Published: November 2024

Background
Despite the frequent co-occurrence of depression and diabetes, gender differences in their relationship remain unclear.

Aims
This exploratory study examined if gender modifies the association between depressive symptoms, prediabetes and diabetes with cognitive-affective and somatic depressive symptom clusters.

Method
Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on 29 619 participants from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depressive symptoms were measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the relationship between depressive symptom clusters and diabetes.

Results
The odds of having depressive symptoms were greater in those with diabetes compared to those without. Similarly, total symptom cluster scores were higher in participants with diabetes. Statistically significant diabetes–gender interactions were found in the cognitive-affective symptom cluster model. Mean cognitive-affective symptom scores were higher for females with diabetes (coefficient = 0.23, CI: 0.10, 0.36, P = 0.001) than males with diabetes (coefficient = −0.05, CI: −0.16, 0.07, P = 0.434) when compared to the non-diabetic groups.

Conclusions
Diabetes was associated with higher cognitive-affective symptom scores in females than in males. Future studies should examine gender differences in causal pathways and how diabetic states interact with gender and influence symptom profiles.
Modelling quiescence exit of neural stem cells reveals a FOXG1-FOXO6 axis
Authors: Ferguson Kirsty M. , Blin Carla , Garcia-Diaz Claudia , Bulstrode Harry , Bardini Bressan Raul , McCarten Katrina , Pollard Steven M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The molecular mechanisms controlling the balance of quiescence and proliferation in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are often deregulated in brain cancers such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Previously, we reported that FOXG1, a forebrain-restricted neurodevelopmental transcription factor, is frequently upregulated in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and limits the effects of cytostatic pathways, in part by repression of the tumour suppressor Foxo3. Here, we show that increased FOXG1 upregulates Foxo6, a more recently discovered FOXO family member with potential oncogenic functions. Although genetic ablation of Foxo6 in proliferating NSCs had no effect on the cell cycle or entry into quiescence, we found that Foxo6-null NSCs could no longer efficiently exit quiescence following FOXG1 elevation. Increased Foxo6 resulted in the formation of large acidic vacuoles, reminiscent of Pak1-regulated macropinocytosis. Consistently, Pak1 expression was upregulated by FOXG1 overexpression and downregulated upon FOXO6 loss in proliferative NSCs. These data suggest a pro-oncogenic role for FOXO6, downstream of GBM-associated elevated FOXG1, in controlling quiescence exit, and shed light on the potential functions of this underexplored FOXO family member.
Definition and Predictors of Early Recurrence in Neoadjuvantly Treated Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: a Dual-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rompen Ingmar F. , Billeter Adrian T. , Crnovrsanin Nerma , Sisic Leila , Neuschütz Kerstin J. , Musa Julian , Bolli Martin , Fourie Lana , Kraljevic Marko , Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Nienhüser Henrik , Müller-Stich Beat P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstarct

Background
Early recurrence after esophagectomy is often used as a surrogate for aggressive tumor biology and treatment failure. However, there is no standardized definition of early recurrence, and predictors for early recurrence are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to define an evidence-based cutoff to discriminate early and late recurrence and assess the influence of neoadjuvant treatment modalities for patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal-junction adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Patients and Methods
This dual-center retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent esophagectomy for stage II–III EAC after neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) or radiochemotherapy according to the Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) protocol from 2012 to 2022. The optimal cutoff for early versus late recurrence was calculated by using the most significant difference in survival after recurrence (SAR). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with early recurrence.

Results
Of 334 included patients, 160 (47.9%) were diagnosed with recurrence. Most patients had systemic (60.5%) or multiple sites of recurrence (21.1%), whereas local-only recurrence (9.2%) and carcinomatosis (9.2%) were rare. The optimal interval between surgery and recurrence for distinguishing early and late recurrence was 18 months (median SAR: 9.1 versus 17.8 months, p = 0.039) with only 24% of recurrences diagnosed after the calculated cutoff. Advanced pathologic tumor infiltration (ypT3–4, p = 0.006), nodal positivity (p = 0.013), poor treatment response (>10% residual tumor, p = 0.015), and no adjuvant treatment (p = 0.048) predicted early recurrence.

Conclusion
Early recurrence can be defined as recurrent disease within 18 months. Hallmarks for early recurrence are poor response to neoadjuvant therapy with persisting advanced disease. In those patients, adjuvant therapy and closer follow-up should be considered.
Green Disposable Packaging and Communication: The Implications of Bring-Your-Own-Container
Authors: Peng Yunlong , Gao Fei , Chen Jian 
Published: November 2024

Problem definition: A growing number of firms are encouraging consumers to participate in “bring-your-own-container” (BYOC) behavior in which consumers bring their own reusable packaging to purchase and consume products, thus reducing single-use packaging waste. In this paper, we study the environmental implications of a firm’s BYOC implementation when considering its disposable packaging choice and communication strategy. Methodology/results: We build a stylized model to study a firm’s joint decisions on BYOC, disposable packaging choice, and communication and their implications on the environment. Our main results follow. First, allowing BYOC reduces the firm’s incentive to make fraudulent green claims about its disposable product packaging; however, BYOC implementation may harm the overall environment while improving the firm’s profit, thereby creating a new form of greenwashing. Second, the adoption of third-party certification for green disposable packaging is an effective remedy to mitigate the negative environmental impact of BYOC. In addition, the environmental implications of adopting third-party certification (either voluntarily or because of government mandates) depend on the relationship between the environmental qualities of green disposable packaging and reusable packaging. Whereas it always benefits the environment when the firm’s green disposable packaging has better environmental performance, adopting certification may negatively impact the environment if consumers’ reusable packaging is greener. Furthermore, we find numerically that offering a price discount for BYOC may encourage the firm to adopt certification because of increased profitability, thereby leading to the aforementioned environmental implications. Managerial implications: We offer operational insights on how firms should make joint decisions on BYOC, disposable packaging choice, and communication. We also generate insights on how governments should regulate firms’ green claims when firms start to allow BYOC. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0605 .
Representations of Gender and Sexual Diversity in Life Orientation Comprehensive Sexuality Education
Authors: Rossouw Jane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A critical discourse analysis of South Africa’s Life Orientation Comprehensive Sexuality Education Scripted Lesson Plans for grades 8 to 12 reveals its complicity in perpetuating epistemic ignorance (Alcoff, 2007) regarding gender and sexual diversity. Epistemic ignorance refers to the active production of ignorance by dominant groups as a mechanism for perpetuating oppression and marginalisation of non-normative identities and knowledges (Tuana, 2006). Despite claiming inclusivity, the curriculum systematically erases, distorts, and excludes representations of non-cisgender, non-heterosexual identities and experiences. Simultaneously, it reproduces heteronormative narratives and hegemonic gender ideologies that serve to maintain patriarchal power structures and the subordination of girls and women (Steyn, 2015). The findings uncover how the curriculum upholds cisheteronormative dominance and gender/sexual inequalities through: (1) incessant framing of content within the male/female binary; (2) representations of biological processes and contraceptives that position femininity as passive and subservient; and (3) superficial inclusion of LGBTQIA identities that lack substantive engagement with their lived realities. Overall, the text exemplifies how institutionalised curricula can perpetuate epistemic ignorance by actively producing “unknowings” (Tuana, 2006) that marginalise oppressed groups and uphold inequitable power relations, even under the guise of promoting inclusion.
In situ spontaneous emission control of MoSe2-WSe2 interlayer excitons with high quantum yield
Authors: Han Bo , Palekar Chirag C. , Lohof Frederik , Stephan Sven , Mitryakhin Victor N. , Drawer Jens-Christian , Steinhoff Alexander , Lackner Lukas , Silies Martin , Rosa Bárbara , Esmann Martin , Eilenberger Falk , Gies Christopher , Reitzenstein Stephan , Schneider Christian 
Published: November 2024

Optical resonators are a powerful platform to control the spontaneous emission dynamics of excitons in solid-state nanostructures. We study a MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructure that is integrated in a cryogenic open optical microcavity to gain insights into fundamental optical properties of the emergent interlayer excitons. First, we utilize a low-quality-factor planar open cavity and investigate the modification of the excitonic lifetime as on- and off-resonance conditions are met with consecutive longitudinal modes. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements revealed a periodic tuning of the interlayer exciton lifetime by 220 ps, which allows us to extract a 0.5 ns free-space radiative lifetime and a quantum efficiency as high as 81.4%±1.4%. We subsequently engineer the local density of optical states by spatially confined and spectrally tunable Tamm-plasmon resonances. The dramatic redistribution of the local optical modes allows us to encounter a significant inhibition of the excitonic spontaneous emission rate by a factor of 3.2. Our open cavity is able to tune the cavity resonances accurately to the emitters to have a robust in situ control of the light-matter coupling. Such a powerful characterization approach can be universally applied to tune the exciton dynamics and measure the quantum efficiencies of more complex van der Waals heterostructures and devices.
Integrated optical switches based on Kerr symmetry breaking in microresonators
Authors: Zhang Yaojing , Zhang Shuangyou , Ghosh Alekhya , Pal Arghadeep , Ghalanos George N. , Bi Toby , Yan Haochen , Zhang Hao , Zhuang Yongyong , Hill Lewis , Del’Haye Pascal 
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and big data, integrated optical switches are gaining prominence for applications in on-chip optical computing, optical memories, and optical communications. Here, we propose a novel approach for on-chip optical switches by utilizing the nonlinear optical Kerr effect induced spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), which leads to two distinct states of counterpropagating light in ring resonators. This technique is based on our first experimental observation of on-chip symmetry breaking in a high-Q (9.4×106) silicon nitride resonator with a measured SSB threshold power of approximately 3.9 mW. We further explore the influence of varying pump powers and frequency detunings on the performance of SSB-induced optical switches. Our work provides insights into the development of new types of photonic data processing devices and provides an innovative approach for the future implementation of on-chip optical memories.