bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Play, variation in play and the development of socially competent rats
Authors: Himmler Stephanie M. , Himmler Brett T. , Pellis Vivien C. , Pellis Sergio M. 
Published: November 2018

Studies on laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) have revealed that experience with social play in the juvenile period is important for the development of improved social skills, an improvement that appears to be mediated by the prefrontal cortex. But there is much variation in both the frequency with which play occurs and in the complexity of the actions performed among different strains of rats. Is all this variation adaptive in serving play’s critical developmental role? The integrative approach advocated by Tinbergen provides a framework with which to assess such variation. A review of what is known and the inclusion of some novel data suggest that irrespective of the form of the play, rats of all strains converge on the same key experiences, experiences that have been implicated in the development of social skills. The lessons learnt from rats may serve as a guide for broader cross-species comparisons.
Indications of contagious behaviours in the southern elephant seal: an observational study
Authors: Wojczulanis-Jakubas K. , Plenzler J. , Jakubas D. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Behavioural contagion is a curious phenomenon of human social life which is believed to facilitate group living. It has also been demonstrated in animals that some behaviours may be contagious: how widespread this phenomenon is remains unclear, as only a few species have been tested. In this context, we examined whether three behaviours commonly exhibited by moulting southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina): “sneezing”, scratching and yawning could be contagious. Using the randomization approach, we found this to be the case in general for all the behaviours, although the pattern was not that obvious or present at all for all the social groups. This indicates there is a potential for social contagion but the issue is complex. Despite limitations associated with observational study on small-size social groups, this is the first report of contagious behaviours in marine mammals and is to encourage further investigation.
Distribution of the parental care in the Iberian magpie Cyanopica cooki: worker males but lazy helpers?
Authors: de la Cruz Carlos , Expósito-Granados Mónica , Valencia Juliana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In many species of cooperative breeding birds, breeders and helpers participate in the parental care with different food provision rules. Normally, helpers feed nestlings less frequently and with smaller quantities of food than breeders. But studies analysing the reaction of feeders to nestling demand are scarce and rarely measure the quantity of food that is actually delivered. In this study, we analysed the provisioning effort of breeders and helpers in the Iberian Magpie, Cyanopica cooki, and how this effort varies with brood demand. We did so by measuring the nestling feeding rate and the biomass supply of each individual. In this way, we obtained a more accurate measurement of the investment assumed by each individual belonging to each status. We found that breeding males visited the nest more often than both breeding females and helpers (mean = 2.24; 0.85 and 1.58, respectively). Furthermore, breeding males delivered more biomass in each feeding visit to the nest than those from other statuses. Breeders, both male and female, increased their parental effort (i.e., provisioning rate and biomass) when brood demand was higher (i.e., more siblings and older nestlings), whereas helpers contributed differently to the nest, but depending on the two types of helpers occurring in this species. Differences in the possible benefits obtained by breeders and helpers may explain these different strategies. In addition, male and female breeders (but not helpers) reduce the feeding rate throughout the breeding season. Thus, in the Iberian magpie, breeders and helpers reveal different patterns of investment depending on nestling food demand.
Phylogenetic relationships of three families of the suborder Mononchina Kirjanova & Krall, 1969 inferred from 18S rDNA
Authors: Koohkan Mina , Shokoohi Ebrahim , Mullin Peter 
Published: November 2018

Mononchida is an order of predatory nematodes and includes the suborders Bathyodontina and Mononchina. In this survey, sequences of the 18S rDNA were amplified and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Mononchina. Phylogenetic analyses using Neighbour Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) were employed with five outgroup taxa and 65 mononch sequences including 14 new sequences from Iran. Both analyses indicated that the Anatonchus is monophyletic. Actus was placed as the sister group of Mylonchulus with weak and strong support, respectively, from the ML and NJ analyses. In both phylogenetic analyses, trees obtained from SSU rDNA alignments were subdivided into five highly- or moderately-supported clades, designated Clade I: Mylonchulus spp., Clade II: Actus salvadoricus, Clade III: Anatonchus spp., a group comprising the genera Clarkus, Coomansus, Miconchus and Prionchulus, Clade IV: Mononchus spp., and Clade V: Granonchulus sp. The 18S rDNA analysis demonstrated that this region of the nuclear genome can be used to resolve the relationships of members of this suborder.
Long-term changes (1979-2015) in the nematode fauna in Sivash Bay (Sea of Azov), Russia, worldwide the largest hypersaline lagoon, during salinity transformations
Authors: Sergeeva Nelli G. , Shadrin Nickolai V. , Anufriieva Elena V. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Sivash Bay is the largest hypersaline lagoon in the world. In 1963-1975 the North Crimean Canal was constructed, with water from the River Dnieper and discharge of drainage water collected from agricultural lands into Sivash Bay. Salinity in Sivash Bay began to drop, resulting in a new brackish water ecosystem. The political decision to stop supplying water from the River Dnieper to the Canal was made in 2014, and the discharge of fresh water into the lagoon ended, resulting in an increase in salinity up to 60-75 g l−1. This study showed that the abundance of meiobenthos increased, with Nematoda dominating. The composition of nematode species in the lagoon has not previously been studied. Using samples from 1979, 2013 and 2015, 50 nematode species and forms were identified in 1979, 32 in 2013 and 21 in 2015. The species composition of nematodes at different periods was significantly different. The average abundance of nematodes was 134 198 ind. m−2 in 2013 and 606 660 ind. m−2 in 2015.
Paratylenchus jasmineae sp. n. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from rhizosphere of Jasminum sambac in India
Authors: Phani Victor , Somvanshi Vishal Singh , Rao Uma , Khan Matiyar Rahaman 
Published: November 2018

Summary
A new species of pin nematode, Paratylenchus jasmineae sp. n., was isolated and described from the rhizosphere of jasmine in India. The new species can be diagnosed by having a relatively larger body length of 248-355 μm, stylet length of 24.6-28.5 μm, lateral field with four lateral lines, the presence of small post-vulval uterine sac and absence of advulval flaps in the females. Additional morphological characters included continuous lip region with small projected submedian lobes, large and oblong-shaped spermatheca, the presence of prevulval swelling, and arcuate conoid tail with finely rounded terminus. Molecular characterisation of the species was carried out based on internal transcribed spacer sequence (ITS rRNA) and D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA subunit. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and D2-D3 molecular markers resulted in clear separation of P. jasmineae sp. n. from other Paratylenchus species.
“Done Because We Are Too Menny”
Authors: O’Brien Charlotte 
Published: November 2018

Among a swathe of major welfare reforms, one has received little academic attention – the two-child rule, restricting claims for key benefits to a maximum of two children. In negating the status of specific children within the framework of subsistence benefits, the measure clashes profoundly with a series of international legal obligations. In particular, the rule is set to increase child poverty, calling into question the role and purpose of the un Convention on the Rights of the Child (un crc) in the law-making process. This paper explores problematic recent decisions that risk creating a human rights chasm when it comes to children and social security rights, and argues that existing legal provisions can and should be used to fill that gap. It finds no evidence that the best interests of the child were a primary consideration in the enactment of the two-child rule, and argues that the justificatory narrative of welfare decadence is manifestly without reasonable foundation. If the un crc does not bite here, then we must question whether children have any social security rights at all.
Presumed Chemosensory Hairs in Talitrid Amphipods (Crustacea)
Authors: DAHL ERIK 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Sensory hairs in a number of Talitrid Amphipods were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The general pattern is closely similar in all species although minor specific differences seem to occur.
Two main morphological types of sensory hairs are present, viz (1) thin-walled hairs and (2) hairs protected by a spine from which only the distal part of the hair protrudes subterminally, giving the impression of a two-tipped spine. Some intermediate types also occur.
The terminal part of both types of hair, however, is of exactly the same type with leaf-like protecting cuticular structures and a terminal pore. Therefore it is concluded that they all have at least a similar function, and a previously published analysis of antennular thin-walled hairs in two of the species makes it highly probable on morphological grounds that this function is chemosensory.
Both types of hairs are widely distributed on the appendages, although the spine-hairs are more prevalent on the pereiopods, uropods, and telson. Practically every spine carries a sensory appendage and it can be concluded that a wealth of sensory information is received by them.
The body wall is provided with numerous structures described in the paper, the function of which is unknown but may well be sensory.
Osmiarufa L. (Hym. Megachilidae) as a Pollinator of Plants in Greenhouses
Authors: HOLM SVEND NØRGAARD 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Osmiarufa has been successfully used as a pollinator of early flowering plants in an unheated greenhouse. This species showed a favourable sex ratio which enhanced propagation; it readily occupied artificial domiciles, hibernated well at 4–-5°C in a refrigerator, and could be available for immediate use as pollinator.
The bees were easily trapped in nature by means of cardboard tubes. The females preferred tubes of 6 mm diameter, but also nested in 8 mm tubes. The latter tubes gave a considerable increase in sex ratio both in nature and under greenhouse conditions.
The value of O. rufa as a pollinator is discussed.
Aricia artaxerxes F. ssp. horkei H.-Guld.
Authors: HØEGH-GULDBERG OVE 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

On the island of Öland, in the Baltic, a species of the Aricia genus is rather frequent. From the appearance of the imago, it was previously regarded as A. agestis Schiff., however, since 1966 it has been registered as ssp. horkei Høegh-Guldberg under A. artaxerxes F. (=allous G.-Hb.) because it must be considered univoltine.
In 1972, the author examined the morphology and biology of the early stages which point towards artaxerxes; and renewed expanded analyses of imaginal morphology likewise confirm the results from 1966 which, in spite of certain agestis-like features, showed that the Oland Ariciae are artaxerxes.
A crossing experiment with A. artaxerxes ssp. rambringi Høegh-Guldberg from Sandhammaren, Skane, likewise indicates that the two populations belong to the same species.
Integrated outpatient palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fulton Jessica J , LeBlanc Thomas W , Cutson Toni M , Porter Starr Kathryn N , Kamal Arif , Ramos Katherine , Freiermuth Caroline E , McDuffie Jennifer R , Kosinski Andrzej , Adam Soheir , Nagi Avishek , Williams John W 
Published: November 2018

Background: Despite increasing emphasis on integration of palliative care with disease-directed care for advanced cancer, the nature of this integration and its effects on patient and caregiver outcomes are not well-understood. Aim: We evaluated the effects of integrated outpatient palliative and oncology care for advanced cancer on patient and caregiver outcomes. Design: Following a standard protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42017057541), investigators independently screened reports to identify randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies that evaluated the effect of integrated outpatient palliative and oncology care interventions on quality of life, survival, and healthcare utilization among adults with advanced cancer. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses, supplemented with qualitative methods when necessary. Data sources: English-language peer-reviewed publications in PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central through November 2016. We subsequently updated our PubMed search through July 2018. Results: Eight randomized-controlled and two cluster-randomized trials were included. Most patients had multiple advanced cancers, with median time from diagnosis or recurrence to enrollment ranging from 8 to 12 weeks. All interventions included a multidisciplinary team, were classified as “moderately integrated,” and addressed physical and psychological symptoms. In a meta-analysis, short-term quality of life improved, symptom burden improved, and all-cause mortality decreased. Qualitative analyses revealed no association between integration elements, palliative care intervention elements, and intervention impact. Utilization and caregiver outcomes were often not reported. Conclusions: Moderately integrated palliative and oncology outpatient interventions had positive effects on short-term quality of life, symptom burden, and survival. Evidence for effects on healthcare utilization and caregiver outcomes remains sparse.
Effects of short-term continuous positive airway pressure withdrawal on cerebral vascular reactivity measured by blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging in obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thiel Sira , Lettau Franziska , Rejmer Protazy , Rossi Cristina , Haile Sarah R. , Schwarz Esther I. , Stöberl Anna S. , Sievi Noriane A. , Boss Andreas , Becker Anton S. , Winklhofer Sebastian , Stradling John R. , Kohler Malcolm 
Published: November 2018

Impaired cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) increases long-term stroke risk. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with peripheral vascular dysfunction and vascular events. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) withdrawal on CVR.41 OSA patients (88% male, mean age 57±10 years) were randomised to either subtherapeutic or continuation of therapeutic CPAP. At baseline and after 2 weeks, patients underwent a sleep study and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CVR was estimated by quantifying the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI response to breathing stimuli.OSA did recur in the subtherapeutic CPAP group (mean treatment effect apnoea–hypopnoea index +38.0 events·h−1, 95% CI 24.2–52.0; p<0.001) but remained controlled in the therapeutic group. Although there was a significant increase in blood pressure upon CPAP withdrawal (mean treatment effect +9.37 mmHg, 95% CI 1.36–17.39; p=0.023), there was no significant effect of CPAP withdrawal on CVR assessedviaBOLD MRI under either hyperoxic or hypercapnic conditions.Short-term CPAP withdrawal did not result in statistically significant changes in CVR as assessed by functional MRI, despite the recurrence of OSA. We thus conclude that, unlike peripheral endothelial function, CVR is not affected by short-term CPAP withdrawal.
GPR119 agonist enhances gefitinib responsiveness through lactate-mediated inhibition of autophagy
Authors: Im Ji Hye , Kang Keon Wook , Kim Sun Young , Kim Yoon Gyoon , An Yong Jin , Park Sunghyouk , Jeong Byung Hwa , Choi Song-Yi , Lee Jin-Sun , Kang Keon Wook 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundLigand-dependent activation of the G-protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) lowers blood glucose via glucose-dependent insulin secretion and intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 production. However, the function of GPR119 in cancer cells has not been studied.MethodsGPR119 expression was assessed by real-time qPCR and immunohistochemistry in human breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues. Cell proliferation and cell cycle analyses were performed by Incucyte® live cell analysis system and flow cutometry, respectively. Autophagy activity was estimeated by western blottings and LC3-GFP transfection.ResultsmRNA or protein expression of GPR119 was detected in 9 cancer cell lines and 19 tissue samples. Cotreatment with GPR119 agonist (MBX-2982 or GSK1292263) significantly potentiated gefitinib-induced cell growth inhibition in gefitinib-insensitive MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We observed that caspase-3/7 activity was enhanced with the downregulation of Bcl-2 in MCF-7 cells exposed to MBX-2982. Gefitinib-induced autophagy is related with cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. GPR119 agonists inhibit gefitinib-induced autophagosome formation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. MBX-2982 also caused a metabolic shift to enhanced glycolysis accompanied by reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. MBX-2982 increased intracellular (~ 2.5 mM) and extracellular lactate (~ 20 mM) content. Gefitinib-mediated autophagy was suppressed by 20 mM lactate in MCF-7 cells.ConclusionsGPR119 agonists reduced mitochondrial OXPHOS and stimulated glycolysis in breast cancer cells, with consequent overproduction of lactate that inhibited autophagosome formation. Because autophagy is crucial for the survival of cancer cells exposed to TKIs, GPR119 agonists potentiated the anticancer effects of TKIs.
Phytosterols and inulin-enriched soymilk increases glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in healthy men: double-blind randomized controlled trial, subgroup study
Authors: Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Kanjanahirun Krisana , Kwankaew Jirateep , Ponrak Ratikorn , Soonthornpun Supamai 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objective
The study aimed to determine the effect of phytosterols and inulin on plasma glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels among healthy men after consuming phytosterols and inulin-enriched soymilk for 8 weeks.

Results
A total of 26 men at least 20 years old were randomly assigned into the 2 g/day of phytosterols and 10 g/day of inulin-enriched soymilk (intervention) group or into the standard soymilk (control) group. In the intervention group, the area under the curve of Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion increased significantly, compared to its baseline (p = 0.003). The area under the curve of insulin secretion also increased but it did not meet statistical significance (p = 0.118). The area under the curves of plasma glucose were similar between pre- and post-test (p = 0.348). In the control group, none of the primary results significantly changed compared to their baseline levels.
Trial registration Thai Clinical Trial Registry: TCTR20160319001 date: March 19, 2016, retrospectively registered.
The Impact of Postoperative Intensive Care Unit Admission on Postoperative Hospital Length of Stay and Costs: A Prespecified Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Thevathasan Tharusan , Copeland Curtis C. , Long Dustin R. , Patrocínio Maria D. , Friedrich Sabine , Grabitz Stephanie D. , Kasotakis George , Benjamin John , Ladha Karim , Sarge Todd , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND:
In this prespecified cohort study, we investigated the influence of postoperative admission to the intensive care unit versus surgical ward on health care utilization among patients undergoing intermediate-risk surgery.

METHODS:
Of adult surgical patients who underwent general anesthesia without an absolute indication for postoperative intensive care unit admission, 3530 patients admitted postoperatively to an intensive care unit were matched to 3530 patients admitted postoperatively to a surgical ward using a propensity score based on 23 important preoperative and intraoperative predictor variables. Postoperative hospital length of stay and hospital costs were defined as primary and secondary end points, respectively.

RESULTS:
Among patients with low propensity for postoperative intensive care unit admission, initial triage to an intensive care unit was associated with increased postoperative length of stay (incidence rate ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.59–1.79]; P < .001) and hospital costs (incidence rate ratio, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.81–2.03]; P < .001). By contrast, postoperative intensive care unit admission of patients with high propensity was associated with decreased postoperative length of stay (incidence rate ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85–0.95]; P < .001) and costs (incidence rate ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88–0.97]; P = .001). Decisions regarding postoperative intensive care unit resource utilization were influenced by individual preferences of anesthesiologists and surgeons.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with an unclear indication for postoperative critical care, intensive care unit admission may negatively impact postoperative hospital length of stay and costs. Postoperative discharge disposition varies substantially based on anesthesia and surgical provider preferences but should optimally be driven by an objective assessment of a patient’s status at the end of surgery.
Sociedade limitada: algumas das principais diferenças entre as legislações brasileira e estadunidense
Authors: Parentoni Leonardo Netto 
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo traça um paralelo entre a sociedade limitada no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, a partir de uma perspectiva regulatória, com base em estudo comparativo de legislações: o Código Civil, no Brasil, e a Lei Revisada Uniforme das Sociedades Limitadas - Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (RULLCA), nos Estados Unidos. O escopo do trabalho é destacar algumas das principais diferenças entre esses sistemas jurídicos quando tratam do mesmo tema. Por fi m, espero que este estudo ajude a identifi car os prós e os contras do cenário regulatório das sociedades limitadas em ambos os países, o que pode ser útil na reavaliação e na alteração de suas leis.
Metodologia para judicializar violações de direitos humanos na ordem jurídica brasileira
Authors: Jacarandá Rodolfo Freitas 
Published: November 2018

Não existe um sistema de direitos humanos na ordem jurídica interna do Brasil. Além disso, a falta de uma correta metodologia para judicializar demandas na área dificulta o reconhecimento dessas normas por juízos e tribunais, o que atrasa a busca de reparações para as violações de direitos humanos que se multiplicam pelo país – violações individuais, coletivas e sistêmicas. Proponho no artigo a seguir as bases para uma metodologia que nos permita identificar, corretamente, violações de direitos com a finalidade de utilizar o já amplo conjunto normativo em vigor para, prioritariamente, atender as vítimas de violações e reparar as falhas do Estado que dão origem, direta ou indiretamente, a essas agressões.