bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contingencia e identidad: retos para un diálogo transdisciplinar entre la historiografía y la didáctica de la historia
Authors: Simon Cesar Rina , De la Montaña Conchiña Juan Luis 
Published: April 2019

En el presente trabajo pretendemos analizar las relaciones entre la historiografía y la didáctica de la historia en el caso español, partiendo de una propuesta fenomenológica sobre los múltiples agentes que conforman las conciencias históricas en las sociedades contemporáneas. La atonía principal entre el conocimiento histórico y su transmisión en las aulas se sitúa en torno a dos conceptos: la identidad y la contingencia. En primer lugar, la historia mantiene en el sistema educativo una función nacionalizadora que obvia la historiografía moderna sobre la temática, ahondando en su condición de imaginario social construido e histórico. El currículo de enseñanza continúa caracterizado por un sentido teleológico y positivista de la historia patria como sucesión de hechos que explicarían el viaje en el tiempo de un ente personificado y homogéneo: la nación. En segundo lugar, analizamos la continuidad de las concepciones deterministas y teleológicas de la historia, que a partir de esquemas causales cerrados pretenden explicar acontecimientos complejos y contingentes. Tanto la función identitaria de la enseñanza de la historia como la noción positivista de la disciplina proyectada a un fin ineludible están en el origen de la historiografía moderna y en su integración en los sistemas educativos de los Estados nación. De ahí que sea necesario reflexionar sobre los usos del pasado e integrar la epistemología, la historiografía y nociones sobre la elaboración del conocimiento histórico y la contingencia en todos los niveles del sistema educativo. Palabras clave: Historiografía. Didáctica de la Historia. Identidad. Contingencia. Progreso.
A construção da ética do convívio ecossustentável pelo ambientalista José Lutzenberger (1971-2002)
Authors: Pereira Elenita Malta 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a ética do convívio ecossustentável, divulgada pelo engenheiro agrônomo brasileiro José Lutzenberger (1926-2002), ao longo de sua militância ambientalista. São analisados autores e obras lidos por Lutzenberger, considerados influentes na sua discussão sobre ética e meio ambiente. Argumenta-se que ele se apropriou dessas leituras, de forma a construir uma nova ética ecológica em contraponto às éticas antropocêntricas que compõem a corrente dominante. A partir do estudo da obra e da biografia de Lutzenberger, o artigo apresenta os dez princípios fundamentais dessa ética, que, mesmo apoiada em éticas ambientais biocêntricas já existentes, constitui, em seu conjunto, uma formulação original para guiar a humanidade em suas relações com a natureza. Palavras-chave: Lutzenberger, José A. (José Antonio), 1926-2002. Ética do Convívio Ecossustentável. Ética ambiental. História Ambiental. Biografia.
Metasurface with Nanostructured Ge2Sb2Te5 as a Platform for Broadband‐Operating Wavefront Switch
Authors: Choi Chulsoo , Lee Seung‐Yeol , Mun Sang‐Eun , Lee Gun‐Yeal , Sung Jangwoon , Yun Hansik , Yang Jong‐Heon , Kim Hee‐Ok , Hwang Chi‐Young , Lee Byoungho 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBroadband‐operating active devices within a small‐footprint are highly on demand in various nanophotonic fields such as fiber‐optic communication systems and chip‐based integrated optical circuits. As pioneering approaches, diverse platforms of active metasurfaces (AMs) have been proposed due to their superior tunable functionality and ultra‐compact size. However, most of previous researches provide only limited operating bandwidth because they generally rely on resonant light–matter interaction between active material and plasmonic antenna. In this study, an active wavefront switching metasurface that can operate over 500 nm bandwidth at near‐infrared spectral bands is experimentally realized by utilizing nonresonant U‐shaped Ge2Sb2Te5 nanoantennas. Two different sizes of the U‐shaped antenna are designed to exhibit large transmittance contrast and their optical phases are determined by imposing the orientation angle variation. As an example of the functionality, anomalous refraction angle switching and dispersionless active hologram are demonstrated. The devices provide high signal‐to‐noise ratio (>7 dB) for overall operation bandwidth. It is believed that the proposed AMs can be an innovative platform for real device application thanks to their not only broadband and low‐noise operation but also fast speed, low power consumption switching within a small‐footprint.
One‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Ethylhexylamine Pillared Vanadium Disulfide Nanoflowers with Ultralarge Interlayer Spacing for High‐Performance Magnesium Storage
Authors: Xue Xiaolan , Chen Renpeng , Yan Changzeng , Zhao Peiyang , Hu Yi , Kong Weihua , Lin Huinan , Wang Lei , Jin Zhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are attractive candidates for large‐scale energy storage owing to the high theoretical specific capacity, rich earth abundance, and good safety characteristics. However, the development of desirable cathode materials for RMBs is constrained by the high polarity and slow intercalation kinetics of Mg2+ ions. Herein, it is demonstrated that 2‐ethylhexylamine pillared vanadium disulfide nanoflowers (expanded VS2) with enlarged interlayer distances exhibit greatly boosted electrochemical performance as a cathode material in RMBs. Through a one‐step solution‐phase synthesis and in situ 2‐ethylhexylamine intercalation process, VS2 nanoflowers with ultralarge interlayer spacing are prepared. A series of ex situ characterizations verify that the cathode of expanded VS2 nanoflowers undergoes a reversible intercalation reaction mechanism, followed by a conversion reaction mechanism. Electrochemical kinetics analysis reveal a relatively fast Mg‐ion diffusivity of expanded VS2 nanoflowers in the order of 10−11–10−12 cm2 s−1, and the pseudocapacitive contribution is up to 64% for the total capacity at 1 mV s−1. The expanded VS2 nanoflowers show highly reversible discharge capacity (245 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), good rate capability (103 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1), and stable cycling performance (90 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 1000 mA g−1).
Ein abstimmbares Trifluormethyliodonium‐Reagenz
Authors: Liebing Phil , Kalim Jorna , Arefyeva Natalia , Oehler Florian , Wickleder Mathias , Togni Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVier Komplexe von MCl4 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) mit dem hypervalenten Trifluormethylierungs‐Reagenz Trifluormethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benziodoxol (1,=L) werden beschrieben. Mit TiCl4 erfolgt eine I‐O‐Bindungsspaltung, die zur Bildung der Trifluormethyliodonium‐Alkoholat‐Komplexe [Ti2Cl6(L)4]Cl2 (2 a) und Ti2Cl8(L) (2 b) führt. Umsetzungen von 1 mit ZrCl4 und HfCl4 liefern die Komplexe ZrCl4(L)2 (3) und HfCl4(L)2 (4), in denen die ursprüngliche I‐O‐Bindung bestehen bleibt, aber gegenüber derjenigen in freiem 1 verlängert ist. Somit kann die Reaktivität von 1 einfach und praktikabel durch Zugabe verschiedener Metallchloride variiert werden, wobei die Reihenfolge ZrCl4/HfCl4<TiCl4<2 TiCl4 gilt. 2 a, 3 und 4 sind bemerkenswert lagerstabile Formen des aktivierten Reagenzes 1, während 2 b leicht in situ zugänglich ist. 2 a und 2 b repräsentieren die ersten “echten” Iodan‐basierten Trifluormethyliodonium‐Reagenzien, also mit einer vollständig gespaltenen I‐O‐Bindung. Es wurde gezeigt, dass sich die neuen Komplexe zur Trifluormethylierung von para‐Toluolsulfonat unter aprotischen Bedingungen eignen.
Identifying and Responding to Child Neglect: Exploring the Professional Experiences of Primary School Teachers and Family Support Workers
Authors: Bullock Lydia , Stanyon Miriam , Glaser Danya , Chou Shihning 
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to explore primary school teachers' and family support workers' experiences of working with families and children with suspected or confirmed child neglect. Two in‐depth, semi‐structured focus groups with four primary school teachers and six family support workers explored the experiences of the two separate professions. Two hypothetical vignettes describing emotional and physical neglect were used to aid discussion. A qualitative, inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the focus group data. Despite professionals wanting to act when neglect is first identified (early intervention), this was often not common practice. Professionals highlighted that child neglect, in particular emotional neglect, was often not deemed ‘serious enough’ to report, and would not be reported until a bigger ‘jigsaw puzzle’ of evidence had been collated. Professionals struggled with policies and funding that impact on their ability to respond in every case of child neglect as well as multiagency working difficulties, including perceived confidence in their roles and how other professionals view their work and professional opinions. Child neglect, especially emotional neglect, must be rated as equally serious as other forms of child maltreatment necessitating intervention, and professionals must be given support and funding to achieve this.‘Explore[s] primary school teachers' and family support workers' experiences of working with families and children with suspected or confirmed child neglect’Key Practitioner Messages

The consequences of prolonged child neglect should be better understood and recognised. Resources and support provided early may prevent long‐term serious harm.
Training on sensitively discussing with parents how to provide appropriate care for their children and how to challenge appropriately other professionals may help enhance professionals' confidence in speaking up and taking action.
Innovative use of universal provisions such as breakfast or after‐school clubs may be welcomed more by parents.
Mechanistic Study of the Electrosynthesis of Propylene Carbonate from Propylene Oxide and CO2 on Copper Electrodes
Authors: Pérez‐Gallent Elena , Figueiredo Marta C. , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEfficient and selective electrosynthesis of propylene carbonate can be performed by the reaction of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide at copper electrodes. In this paper, we investigate this electrochemical reaction by using cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography in order to unravel details of the catalytic mechanism of the reaction. The combination of the results obtained by these different techniques allows the exclusion of different reduced forms of CO2, such as CO and (bi)carbonates, as possible carboxylation agents. Moreover, the results also indicate that electrochemical activation of the propylene oxide by ring opening is not the initial step for this reaction, as no product was detected when a current was not applied in presence of “activated propylene oxide” and CO2. Our results show that the reaction is initiated by the activation of CO2 to CO2.−, which then attacks the epoxide to form the cyclic carbonate. This work also gives evidence for the non‐catalytic nature of the synthesis of the cyclic carbonate because its formation also occurs on other metals such as gold and platinum in the same range of applied currents. This result clearly indicates the potential of in situ electrochemical techniques in the mechanistic investigation of electrosynthesis reactions.
Pulsed EPR Dipolar Spectroscopy under the Breakdown of the High‐Field Approximation: The High‐Spin Iron(III) Case
Authors: Abdullin Dinar , Matsuoka Hideto , Yulikov Maxim , Fleck Nico , Klein Christoph , Spicher Sebastian , Hagelueken Gregor , Grimme Stefan , Lützen Arne , Schiemann Olav 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPulsed EPR dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) offers several methods for measuring dipolar coupling and thus the distance between electron‐spin centers. To date, PDS measurements to metal centers were limited to ions that adhere to the high‐field approximation. Here, the PDS methodology is extended to cases where the high‐field approximation breaks down on the example of the high‐spin Fe3+/nitroxide spin‐pair. First, the theory developed by Maryasov et al. (Appl. Magn. Reson. 2006, 30, 683–702) was adapted to derive equations for the dipolar coupling constant, which revealed that the dipolar spectrum does not only depend on the length and orientation of the interspin distance vector with respect to the applied magnetic field but also on its orientation to the effective g‐tensor of the Fe3+ ion. Then, it is shown on a model system and a heme protein that a PDS method called relaxation‐induced dipolar modulation enhancement (RIDME) is well‐suited to measuring such spectra and that the experimentally obtained dipolar spectra are in full agreement with the derived equations. Finally, a RIDME data analysis procedure was developed, which facilitates the determination of distance and angular distributions from the RIDME data. Thus, this study enables the application of PDS to for example, the highly relevant class of high‐spin Fe3+ heme proteins.
Selective C−C Coupling of Vinyl Epoxides with Diborylmethide Lithium Salts
Authors: Gava Riccardo , Fernández Elena 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVinyl epoxides and styrene oxide can react with diborylmethide lithium salts through an exclusive SN2 borylmethylation/ring opening in a regio‐ and diastereoselective way, depending on the nature of the substrate. The ring‐opening protocol provides homoallylboronates that can be transformed into challenging diastereomeric bishomoallylic alicyclic 1,3‐diols. Unprecedented 3‐borylated 1,2‐oxaborolan‐2‐ol products were prepared by borylmethylation/ring opening of 2‐methyl‐2‐vinyloxirane followed by intramolecular cyclization.
Ditocopheryl Sulfides and Disulfides: Synthesis and Antioxidant Profile
Authors: Viglianisi Caterina , Vasa Kristian , Tanini Damiano , Capperucci Antonella , Amorati Riccardo , Valgimigli Luca , Baschieri Andrea , Menichetti Stefano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSymmetrical ditocopheryl disulfides (Toc)2S2 and symmetrical and unsymmetrical ditocopheryl sulfides (Toc)2S were simply prepared under remarkably mild conditions with complete control of the regiochemistry by using δ‐, γ‐, and β‐tocopheryl‐N‐thiophthalimides (Toc‐NSPht) as common starting materials. The roles of sulfur atom(s), H‐bond and aryl ring substitution pattern on the antioxidant profile of these new compounds, which were assembled by linking together two tocopheryl units, are also discussed.
Crystalline Divinyldiarsenes and Cleavage of the As=As Bond
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Blomeyer Sebastian , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe first divinyldiarsenes [{(NHC)C(Ph)}As]2 (NHC=IPr 3 a, SIPr 3 b; IPr=C{(NAr)CH}2; SIPr=C{(NAr)CH2}2; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) are reported. Compounds 3 a and 3 b were prepared by the reduction of corresponding chlorides {(NHC)C(Ph)}AsCl2 (NHC=IPr 2 a, SIPr 2 b) with Mg. Calculations revealed a small HOMO–LUMO energy gap of 3.86 (3 a) and 4.24 eV (3 b). Treatment of 3 a with (Me2S)AuCl led to the cleavage of the As=As bond to restore 2 a, which is expected to proceed via the diarsane [{(IPr)C(Ph)}AsCl]2 (4). Remarkably, 4 as well as 2 a can be selectively accessed on treatment of 3 a with an appropriate amount of C2Cl6. Moreover, 3 a readily reacts with PhEEPh (E=Se or Te) at room temperature to give {(IPr)C(Ph)}As(EPh)2 (E=Se 5 a; Te 5 b), revealing the cleavage of As=As and E−E bonds and the formation of As−E bonds. Such highly selective stepwise oxidation (3 a→4→2 a) and bond metathesis (3 a→5 a,b) reactions are unprecedented in main‐group chemistry.
Design of a Zero‐Gap Laboratory‐Scale Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Alkaline Water Electrolysis Stack
Authors: Hnát Jaromír , Kodým Roman , Denk Karel , Paidar Martin , Žitka Jan , Bouzek Karel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of a zero‐gap alkaline water electrolysis stack based on a heterogeneous anion‐selective polymer electrolyte membrane is reported. A bipolar electrode arrangement was selected as the most appropriate one. The design was targeted to verify the suitability of the membrane electrode assembly design and the functionality of the gas separator system developed together with the purity of the gases produced. The influence of various operational regimes on the purity of the gases was investigated. Last, but not least, a validation of the mathematical model to be used for scale‐up of the cell, foreseen for the next step of the project, was performed.
Auf den Schultern des Bewährten
Authors: Tupac Jose , Prill Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDie Unimix Anlagenlinie von Ekato Systems ist für ein breites Einsatzspektrum für flüssige bis halbfeste Produkte entworfen und deckt dabei alle aktuellen Anforderungen an Reinigungs‐ und Bedienbarkeit ab. Wenn viele Produkte auch noch mit konventioneller Technologie hergestellt werden können, ist damit die nötige Qualität und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit auf den globalen Märkten innerhalb einer immer kürzer werdenden Zeitspanne Zeit kaum noch zu erreichen. Durch die Kombination von Zuverlässigkeit und besonderen Mischeigenschaften des vielfach bewährten Paravisc Rührorgans mit einem leistungsfähigen S‐JET Homogenisator in einem nach höchsten Ansprüchen gefertigten Vakuumbehälter bietet Ekato Unimix aber einen Alleskönner und den Schlüssel zum Erfolg.
Durch unberührte Natur und bewohntes Gebiet
Authors: Schnathmann Regina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEin Muldengurtförderer, der im Jahr 2016 von Sichuan Yadong Cement Co, Ltd. bei der Beumer Group beauftragt wurde, weist eine Gesamtlänge von 13,7 Kilometern auf. Transportier wird Kalkstein durch bewohntes Gebiet weiter zum Zementwerk. Das von der chinesischen Regierung festgelegte Level für Schallemissionen durfte hierbei nicht überschritten werden.
Kleine Mengen, große Wirkung
Authors: Jakob Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOb ein angereicherter Proteinriegel oder ein Instantgetränk zum Bestseller wird, hängt ganz klar davon ab, wie gut sich die pulverförmigen Inhaltsstoffe in die Rezepturen integrieren und konsumieren lassen. Das kompakte Anlagenkonzept von Glatt macht die Vorteile der Eigenschaftenkonfiguration mittels Wirbelschichttechnologie nun auch für mittlere Produktionen wirtschaftlich.
Luftmengen regeln
Authors: Sattler Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPneumatische Fördersysteme für unterschiedlichste Schüttgüter z.B. in Pharma‐ und Nahrungsmittelindustrie oder der Verfahrenstechnik stehen unter dem Druck, kostengünstiger zu werden, aber gleichzeitig auch zuverlässiger und produktiver. Für eine gleichbleibende Förder‐ und Transportgutqualität bei hoher Anlageneffizienz ist es deshalb unabdingbar, die Menge der Förderluft zu regeln, z.B. um sie an das jeweilige Transportgut anzupassen, auf Veränderungen im Prozess zu reagieren oder Leckagen auszugleichen. Der kompakte Luftmengenregler des Fluidikspezialisten ist dafür eine praxisgerechte Lösung.
MoO3/Carbon Dots Composites for Li‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Zhao Yixing , He Juju , Wang Tian , Yang Jun , Shen Xuetao , Cao Liyun , Huang Jianfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA rice krispies sphere constructed by hundreds of MoO3 nanoparticles of ∼100 nm with carbon dots of ∼5 nm (MoO3/CDs) is created via a one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis process using CDs as nucleation seeds. The MoO3/CDs shows a reversible capacity of 897.5 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 as an anode material for lithium‐ion battery. Moreover, a discharge capacity of 507 mAh g−1 is achieved after 255 full cycles under a high current density of 0.5 A g−1. The electrochemical performance of the MoO3/CDs is promising due to the MoO3 nanoparticles connected by ultrafine CDs with excellent conductivity. The unique structure effectively alleviate the volume change during the charging/discharging process and improve the ionic and electronic mobility to enhancing the reversible reaction of MoO3.
Extraction of abstracted sensory data to reduce the execution time of context‐aware services in wearable computing environments
Authors: Park Yoosang , Ye Jaehyung , Choi Jongsun , Choi Jaeyoung , Ko Hoon 
Published: April 2019

SummaryContext awareness is a necessary technique for providing optimized services to users by recognizing their surrounding environment at a particular time. To provide context‐aware services, a context‐aware middleware is required to detect the changes surrounding the user as well as the processing procedure. However, when the context‐aware middleware is applied to wearable computing, the processing time increases in proportion to the increase in the number of context information due to the lack of processing capacity from the terminal devices. To access the terminal devices, a specific context representation with Resource Description Framework–based triplet is used. Since the triplet consists of three keyword elements that refer to the status of a given situation around the user, retrieving these elements takes O(n3) time complexity with a linear search. To overcome this problem, a hash‐based comparison method is suggested to minimize the response time. The suggested comparison method gives a better performance without searching every single keyword element among the triplet sets. In the experiment, we applied the suggested method to the context‐aware workflow middleware and demonstrated that the proposed method improves the processing time by at least 30% compared with the linear search by enhancing the comparison module in the middleware.
Photoresponsive Chiral Dopants: Light‐Driven Helicity Manipulation in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals for Optical and Mechanical Functions
Authors: Kim Yuna , Tamaoki Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis Review focuses on recent advancements regarding the design of photoisomerizable chiral dopants which can switch the helical orientation in cholesteric liquid crystals upon light stimuli. Chiral dopants exhibiting conformational change in response to an external stimulus can provide dynamic control of the cholesteric pitch. Development of such responsive systems has been attempted since the 1970s. However, major advances on efficient chiral dopants exhibiting either high helical twisting power or large photoswitching have been achieved only in recent years. This Review covers photoresponsive low molecular weight cholesteric liquid crystal systems based on chiral dopants capable of photochemically “switching power to twist” surrounding liquid crystalline host molecules, “inverting” their handedness or even “inducing” helical organization from the racemic nematic phase.
A theory of pulse dynamics and disturbance in ecology
Authors: Jentsch Anke , White Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe propose four postulates as the minimum set of logical propositions necessary for a theory of pulse dynamics and disturbance in ecosystems: (1) resource dynamics characterizes the magnitude, rate, and duration of resource change caused by pulse events, including the continuing changes in resources that are the result of abiotic and biotic processes; (2) energy flux characterizes the energy flow that controls the variation in the rates of resource assimilation across ecosystems; (3) patch dynamics characterizes the distribution of resource patches over space and time, and the resulting patterns of biotic diversity, ecosystem structure, and cross‐scale feedbacks of pulses processes; and (4) biotic trait diversity characterizes the evolutionary responses to pulse dynamics and, in turn, the way trait diversity affects ecosystem dynamics during and after pulse events. We apply the four postulates to an important class of pulse events, biomass‐altering disturbances, and derive seven generalizations that predict disturbance magnitude, resource trajectory, rate of resource change, disturbance probability, biotic trait diversification at evolutionary scales, biotic diversity at ecological scales, and functional resilience. Ultimately, theory must define the variable combinations that result in dynamic stability, comprising resistance, recovery, and adaptation.