bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HeMiTo-dynamics: a characterization of mammalian prion toxicity using non-dimensionalization, linear stability and perturbation analyses
Authors: Borgqvist Johannes G , Gretarsson Alexandersen Christoffer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prion-like proteins play crucial parts in biological processes in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. For instance, many neurodegenerative diseases are believed to be caused by the production of prion-like proteins in neural tissue. As such, understanding the dynamics of prion-like protein production is a vital step toward treating neurodegenerative disease. Mathematical models of prion-like protein dynamics show great promise as a tool for predicting disease trajectories and devising better treatment strategies for prion-related diseases. Herein, we investigate a generic model for prion-like dynamics consisting of a class of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), establishing constraints through a linear stability analysis that enforce the expected properties of mammalian prion-like toxicity. Furthermore, we identify that prion toxicity evolves through three distinct phases for which we provide analytical descriptions using perturbation analyses. Specifically, prion-toxicity is initially characterized by the healthy phase, where the dynamics are dominated by the healthy form of prions, thereafter the system enters the mixed phase, where both healthy and toxic prions interact, and lastly, the system enters the toxic phase, where toxic prions dominate, and we refer to these phases as HeMiTo-dynamics. These findings hold the potential to aid researchers in developing precise mathematical models for prion-like dynamics, enabling them to better understand underlying mechanisms and devise effective treatments for prion-related diseases.
SLE Partition Functions via Conformal Welding of Random Surfaces
Authors: Sun Xin , Yu Pu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Schramm–Loewner evolution (SLE) curves describe the scaling limit of interfaces from many 2D lattice models. Heuristically speaking, the SLE partition function is the continuum counterpart of the partition function of the corresponding discrete model. It is well known that conformally welding of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces gives SLE curves as the interfaces. In this paper, we demonstrate in several settings how the SLE partition function arises from conformal welding of LQG surfaces. The common theme is that we conformally weld a collection of canonical LQG surfaces which produces a topological configuration with a random conformal structure. Conditioning on the conformal modulus, the surface after welding is described by Liouville conformal field theory, and the density of the random modulus contains the SLE partition function for the interfaces as a multiplicative factor. The settings we treat includes the multiple SLE for $\kappa \in (0,4)$, the flow lines of imaginary geometry on the disk with boundary marked points, and the boundary Green function. These results demonstrate an alternative approach to construct and study the SLE partition function, which complements the traditional method based on stochastic calculus and differential equation.
Control of iron acquisition by multiple small RNAs unravels a new role for transcriptional terminator loops in gene regulation
Authors: Solchaga Flores Eugenio , Jagodnik Jonathan , Quenette Fanny , Korepanov Alexey , Guillier Maude 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) controlling gene expression by imperfect base-pairing with mRNA(s) are widespread in bacteria. They regulate multiple genes, including genes involved in iron homeostasis, through a wide variety of mechanisms. We previously showed that OmrA and OmrB sRNAs repress the synthesis of the Escherichia coli FepA receptor for iron–enterobactin complexes. We now report that five additional sRNAs, namely RprA, RybB, ArrS, RseX and SdsR, responding to different environmental cues, also repress fepA, independently of one another. While RprA follows the canonical mechanism of pairing with the translation initiation region, repression by ArrS or RseX requires a secondary structure far upstream within the long fepA 5′ untranslated region. We also demonstrate a dual action of SdsR, whose 5′-part pairs with the fepA translation initiation region while its 3′-end behaves like ArrS or RseX. Strikingly, mutation analysis shows a key role for the loops of these sRNAs’ intrinsic terminators in the regulation. Furthermore, regulation depends on both the Hfq chaperone and the RNase E endonuclease. Overall, our data strongly suggest that FepA levels must be tightly controlled under a variety of conditions and highlight the diversity of mechanisms that underly the regulation of gene expression by sRNAs in bacteria.
Challenges and opportunities in 2D materials for high-performance aqueous ammonium ion batteries
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Tao , Dong Xusheng , Dong Xiaoyi , Zhou Wanhai , Li Xiaojie , Chao Dongliang , Zhou Zhen , Zhao Ruizheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Aqueous ammonium ion batteries (AAIBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high safety and rapid diffusion kinetics. Unlike spherical metal ions, NH4+ forms hydrogen bonds with host materials, leading to a unique storage mechanism. A variety of electrode materials have been proposed for AAIBs, but their performance often falls short in terms of future energy storage needs. Hence, there is a critical need to design and develop advanced electrode materials for AAIBs. 2D materials, with their tunable interlayer spacing, remarkable interfacial chemistry and abundant surface functional groups, are an ideal choice for electrode materials for NH4+ storage. This review highlights the latest research on 2D electrode materials for AAIBs, providing insights into their working principles, NH4+ storage mechanisms and control strategies for designing high-performance AAIBs. Furthermore, a summary and future perspectives on 2D electrode materials in the development of AAIBs are provided, aiming to promote the advancement of high-performance AAIBs.
Ecological drivers of coloniality in Oreotrochilus chimborazo chimborazo (Chimborazo Hillstar), a hummingbird endemic to the High Andes of Ecuador
Authors: Cañas-Valle Gustavo X , Bouzat Juan L 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The adaptive significance of group-living has promoted considerable debate about the potential role of environmental drivers in the evolution of coloniality. Nest aggregations may result as a plastic response of reproductive individuals to limited substrate availability and favorable environmental conditions for nesting (limited substrate availability hypothesis). However, few studies have demonstrated the direct role of environmental factors in promoting social aggregations. A population survey of Oreotrochilus chimborazo chimborazo (Chimborazo Hillstar), a hummingbird subspecies endemic to the Ecuadorian High Andes, resulted in the identification of 7 nesting aggregations and 13 solitary nests. Of a total of 74 active nests detected, most (82%) were found in reproductive colonies. Furthermore, nesting aggregations were consistently associated year-round with roosting groups of males and non-reproductive females, a unique case among birds. These findings challenge the widespread assumption that hummingbirds are highly competitive solitary nesters. The subsequent characterization of O. c. chimborazo nesting habitat revealed that wind speed, temperature, humidity, and landscape features associated with substrate availability, ground cover vegetation, and water represent environmental factors associated with nesting, consistent with the limited substrate availability hypothesis. However, a semi-natural “experiment” comparing occupancy of solitary nesting locations vs. nesting aggregations revealed that only 45.5% of the sites available for solitary nesting showed individual active nests, significantly lower than the 95% expected by random simulations. In contrast, nesting aggregations consistently had multiple active nests at significantly higher frequencies than expected, producing broods across multiple reproductive seasons. These results suggest that other factors beyond those associated with the limited substrate availability hypothesis may play a role in the development of nesting/roosting aggregations in O. c. chimborazo, emphasizing the importance of the interaction of environmental and social factors in driving coloniality in birds.
Ships, Guns and Money: The Logistics of Revolution and Garibaldi’s Campaign of 1860
Authors: Banks Daniel F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
When Giuseppe Garibaldi set sail for Sicily on the campaign that led to the unification of Italy in 1860, he gave a group of exiled political radicals living in the port city of Genoa the task of procuring weapons, equipment and reinforcements for his expedition. These exiled veterans of the 1848 revolutions quickly developed a fluid yet highly integrated fundraising and procurement organization that provided Garibaldi with the means for success. To do this, they leveraged decades of experience as clandestine transnational organizers, but also relied on the business and professional expertise and contacts they had accrued during a commercial and industrial boom in Genoa in the 1850s. Crucially, they took advantage of logistical innovations like steam travel to concentrate people and equipment where and when they needed them and guarantee a positive outcome for their revolution. They also successfully negotiated with trans-imperial power brokers and navigated jurisdictional gaps in the waters of the Mediterranean. These former 48ers used their experiences as exiles and businessmen to challenge the conservative status quo of the 1850s and force the creation of a united Italy. A focus on the material underpinning of their success restores their role in transforming nineteenth-century Europe.
National Study Examining Excellence and Value in Physical Therapist Residency Education: Part 2—A Call to Action
Authors: Osborne Raine , Briggs Matthew S , Kraft Sara , Rapport Mary Jane , Black Lisa , Tichenor Carol Jo , Hartley Gregory W , Bailey Chloe E , Jensen Gail M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This Perspective provides a crucial set of actions with corresponding recommendations aimed at propelling the physical therapy profession toward excellence in residency education. The conceptual model includes elements of excellence in the delivery and outcomes of physical therapist residency education and the domain of value experienced by stakeholders impacted by physical therapist residency education. Linked to the conceptual model, the 15 actions, and 28 recommendations draw from (1) the Physical Therapist Residency Excellence and Value (PT-REV) study, (2) the Physical Therapist Education for the 21st Century (PTE-21) study, and (3) research in the learning sciences. This paper proposes a transformative call for decisive and consistent reform directed toward residency programs, residents, sponsoring organizations, and the physical therapy profession. Physical therapist residency education, initiated over 23 years ago, is no longer in its infancy with critical gaps in its maturation that need to be addressed systematically by stakeholders across the profession, thus improving the profession’s ability to respond to changing societal needs.
This Perspective serves as a call to action and provides specific recommendation for what is needed to promote and achieve excellence in physical therapist residency education to improve the professions’ ability to adapt to changing societal needs.
Transcriptional and functional regulation of cell cycle and UV response by PPARβ in human skin epidermal cells
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Nhan , Winkler Carine , Ginster Stefanie , Claudinot Stéphanie , Michalik Liliane , Jafari Paris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSolar radiation is the main source of human exposure to UV rays, which is the major carcinogen in skin cancers by inducing DNA damage. Skin cells repair these damages by activating the DNA damage response (DDR) to safeguard genome integrity, thereby preventing skin cancers. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor beta (PPARβ), a druggable transcription factor, is involved in the development of UV‐dependent skin cancers, although its role is not mechanistically elucidated. We showed previously that PPARβ knockout (KO) mice are less prone to UV‐induced skin cancers. Here, we report that PPARβ directly regulates gene expression programs associated with cell cycle and DNA repair pathways in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). The loss of function of PPARβ in human keratinocytes led to a downregulation in the expression of key cell cycle regulators, including cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs). Simultaneously, it upregulated the expression of p21 protein, a known CDK inhibitor. These molecular alterations resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Moreover, the absence of functional PPARβ disrupted the expression and activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related (ATR) pathway, a critical component of the cellular response to UV‐induced DNA damage. The alterations in the ATR pathway likely contributed to an increased apoptotic response of NHEK to UV radiation. Using a mouse melanoma model, we demonstrated that the depletion of PPARβ decreases tumorigenicity of melanoma cells and delays tumor formation. Our data suggest that PPARβ inhibition could be considered as a therapeutic target for the prevention of UV‐induced skin cancers, by regulating cell proliferation, attenuating DDR, and eliminating skin cells with high UV‐induced mutational burden.
Unrecognized Provider Burden During Hospital EMR Introduction
Authors: Poelstra Kornelis , Cooper Lara 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The introduction of—or the transition to—a new electronic health record system (EHR) places an unrecognized burden on health care providers in our ever-changing health care environment of increased mandates, increased overhead, and reduced reimbursement to practice medicine.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to track the non-reimbursed time investment required for 6 providers from an independent spine surgery practice after a hospital system independently decided to transition to a new EHR system.

Results:
Between the 6 providers of the practice, 266 hours of required classroom time, in-person training, and video and phone call teaching sessions had to be completed to become “proficient” so that clinical utilization of the system for in-patient care was certified by the hospital trainers and the EHR company.

Conclusions:
The burdens associated with the introduction of mandatory EHRs are putting tremendous pressure on providers from a time commitment perspective. This detracts from patient care during that time and deserves to be compensated for by the EHR companies that extract billions of dollars from both federal and private insurers’ health care budgets.
Geospatial Mapping of Head and Neck Cancer Research
Authors: Glehan Alexander , Kumaresan Talitha , Ramsey Tam , Kumaresan Jonathan , Gildener-Leapman Neil 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
To report geographic distribution and characteristics of head and neck cancer (HNC) clinical trials in the United States.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of U.S. HNC clinical trials searching ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 using the terms “head and neck cancer” or “head and neck neoplasms.”

Results:
A total of 381 clinical trials met inclusion criteria with 2181 trial opportunities, which were correlated with population density. Of the U.S. population, 72% live within a 25-mile radius of trials. California, Pennsylvania, and New York had the greatest number of clinical trial entries. The majority of patients living more than 25 miles from an HNC clinical trial site are located in rural areas. One hundred sixty-five (43.3%) trials were about systemic therapy, of which 138 (83.6%) involved targeted immunotherapy. There were 286 unique principal investigators. One hundred six (37.1%) were females and 180 (62.9%) were males.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate disparity in the geographic distribution of HNC trials favoring densely populated urban areas, which may limit patient access due to travel burden. Studies are skewed towards immunotherapy drug trials, with fewer radiation and surgery investigations.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Artificial Intelligence and Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Mathewlynn Sam J , Soltaninejad Mohammadreza , Collins Sally L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a significant contributor to maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, with approximately 14 million women affected annually and 70,000 resulting deaths. Despite advances in health care, PPH continues to pose challenges even in developed settings. Apart from mortality, PPH leads to various adverse outcomes and morbidity. Recently, there has been a surge in interest in using artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning, across many areas of health care. This article explores the application of AI in tackling PPH, including predictive modeling and risk stratification. Some studies have shown promising results in predicting PPH. However, external validation of these models is crucial and frequently lacking, with barriers including differences in cohort characteristics and variations in outcome measurement methods. Most of the existing research has taken place in well-resourced health care settings, and there is a lack of models applicable to resource-limited settings where the need is arguably greatest. Incorporating uterine contractility metrics and radiomics into predictive models offers new avenues for enhancing prediction accuracy. Beyond risk prediction, AI has also been explored in other aspects of PPH management, including blood product management and early detection using wearable devices. In conclusion, while AI presents exciting opportunities for PPH prediction and management, challenges such as model validation, clinical translation, and applicability in diverse health care settings remain. Further research, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, is necessary to realize the full potential of AI for addressing the global burden of PPH.
Cardiac selectivity in pulsed field ablation
Authors: Meng Fanchao , Jin Shuqi , Liu Nian 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
This review examines the selective cardiac injury induced by pulsed electric fields during atrial fibrillation ablation. It consolidates findings from both preclinical and clinical studies on cardiac selectivity and explores the potential mechanisms behind this selectivity.

Recent findings
Preclinical studies indicate that pulsed electric fields cause significantly more myocardial injury compared with other tissues. Clinical studies have similarly shown that complication rates for pulsed field ablation are notably lower than those for radiofrequency and cryoballoon ablation.

Summary
Pulsed field ablation demonstrates a notable selectivity for myocardial injury, likely because of the unique functional and metabolic characteristics of cardiomyocytes. This review delves into the underlying principles of cardiac selectivity and proposes future directions for improving this selectivity. It is important to note that while pulsed field ablation shows promise, its cardiac selectivity is not absolute, as some complications still occur, necessitating further research.
Optical coherence tomography versus angiography to guide percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with in-stent restenosis: an observational study
Authors: Wang Yi-Fei , Xu Tian , Meng Pei-Na , You Wei , Xu Yi , Kong Xiao-Han , Wu Xiang-Qi , Wu Zhi-Ming , Zhao Meng-Yao , Jia Hai-Bo , Wang Feng , Ye Fei 
Published: December 2024

Background
Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance with the ‘MLDMAX’ criteria is very useful for de-novo lesions during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), there are limited studies on its benefits in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with ISR who underwent repeat PCI (re-PCI) with OCT or angiographic guidance.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 2142 patients with ISR who underwent re-PCI at Nanjing First Hospital from January 2016 to January 2023. The primary endpoint was the incidence of target vessel failure (TVF) post-re-PCI within 3 years. The secondary endpoints included each component of TVF.

Results
After propensity score matching, 161 matched pairs were enrolled. OCT guidance of re-PCI was associated with a significantly lower risk of TVF compared with angiographic guidance alone [hazard ratio (HR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31–0.83; P = 0.007] in patients with ISR. However, only 68.9% of patients with ISR met the final criteria of ‘MLDMAX’ post-re-PCI, which was associated with a lower risk of TVF compared with patients without meeting the OCT criteria (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11–0.54; P < 0.001), and satisfied the angiographic criteria (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19–0.85; P = 0.017).

Conclusion
Compared with angiographic guidance, OCT guidance significantly reduced TVF risk following re-PCI for ISR lesions, especially for patients who met the final criteria of ‘MLDMAX’.
Antioxidants and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: results of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: He Yijia , Ye Miaomin , Xia Yin , Zhong Ziyi , Li Qian 
Published: December 2024

Background
The link between antioxidants and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a topic of considerable discussion in the field of observational studies, with the exact causal connections still being unclear.

Methods
In this investigation, a cohort consisting of 17 061 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys was studied. Initially, a cross-sectional analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between the CDAI and MASLD. Further, Mendelian randomization (MR) was utilized to assess the possible causal links between antioxidant levels in the bloodstream and MASLD.

Results
The association between the CDAI and MASLD was found to be significant in the fully adjusted logistic regression model, showing an OR of 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94–0.97; P < 0.001]. The use of restricted cubic spline regression revealed no significant nonlinear association between the CDAI and the occurrence of MASLD (P
nonlinearity = 0.321). Additionally, MR findings did not suggest any causal connections between circulating levels of various antioxidants and MASLD. These antioxidants included vitamin A (retinol) (IVW: OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.33–1.36, P = 0.272), vitamin C (ascorbate) (IVW: OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.34–1.09, P = 0.094), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) (IVW: OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.13–2.25, P = 0.407), vitamin E (γ-tocopherol) (IVW: OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.36–2.23, P = 0.806), zinc (IVW: OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.82–1.09, P = 0.449), selenium (IVW: OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84–1.16, P = 0.855), and carotene (IVW: OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.36–1.81, P = 0.596).

Conclusion
The findings highlight a significant negative linear relationship between CDAI and MASLD prevalence in the observational component of the study. However, the MR analysis did not indicate any causal effects of circulating antioxidant levels on MASLD.