bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicht organische Sehstörungen
Authors: Steffen Heimo 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungNicht organische Sehstörungen sind in der augenärztlichen Praxis eine häufige Herausforderung. Im Kindesalter ist die häufigste Störung eine beidseits unklare Visusreduktion, im Erwachsenenalter eher eine einseitige Sehstörung. Dieser Beitrag soll den Augenarzt für Patienten mit nicht organischer Sehstörung sensibilisieren und einen Überblick über diagnostische Strategien bei Patienten mit dieser vermuteten Diagnose geben.
Mikrobielle Keratitis – Teil 2: mykotische und Akanthamöbenkeratitiden
Authors: Schmack Ingo , Müller Michael , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungPilze und Akanthamöben stellen neben Bakterien wesentliche Ursachen für die Entstehung infektiöser Hornhauterkrankungen (mikrobielle Keratitis) und möglicher nachfolgender Erblindung des betroffenen Auges dar. Aufgrund weitgehend unspezifischer Gewebereaktionen, vor allem in den Frühstadien der Entzündung, wird die Diagnose infektiöser Hornhauterkrankungen oftmals erst verspätet gestellt. Insbesondere bei Akanthamöben sind Verwechslungen mit viralen (herpetischen) Keratitiden leicht möglich. Der behandelnde Augenarzt ist daher vor hohe diagnostische Herausforderungen gestellt.
Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung – Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die
Krankenkassenwahl?
Authors: Thiem Helena 
Published: March 2018

Pendzialek J et al. Measuring customer preferences in the German statutory health insurance. Eur J Health Econ
2017; 18: 831–845
Mit dem Gesundheitsstrukturgesetz von 1992 wurde u. a. die freie Krankenkassenwahl eingeführt. Diesem
Gesetzesentwurf folgten in den letzten Jahren verschiedene weitere, die den Wettbewerb innerhalb der
gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) in Deutschland stärken und so langfristig deren Effizienz und
Qualität steigern sollten. Pendzialek et al. untersuchten aus Perspektive der Versicherten, welche
Attribute die freie Krankenkassenwahl beeinflussen.
Potenziale und Limitationen der Detektion von zirkulierenden Melanomzellen
Authors: Lüke Julia , Grisanti S. , Tura A. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Bestimmung und Charakterisierung zirkulierender Melanomzellen ist ein nicht invasives und komplikationsarmes Verfahren mit dem Potenzial, einen choroidalen Nävus von einem choroidalen Melanom abzugrenzen und frühzeitig einer Therapie zuführen zu können. Zukünftig bietet es die Chance, das therapeutische Ansprechen zu überwachen und bei der Therapieauswahl zu helfen. Es besteht die Hoffnung, weitere Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Metastasierungsprozesses zu gewinnen und damit Ansatzpunkte für die Entwicklung zielgerichteter Therapien. In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Techniken der Bestimmung zirkulierender Tumorzellen vorgestellt und ihr Potenzial bzw. Limitationen diskutiert.
Präzisionsonkologie und molekulare Tumorboards – Konzepte, Chancen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Holch Julian , Westphalen Christoph , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Heinemann Volker , Jung Andreas , Metzeler Klaus 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie immer umfassendere molekulare Charakterisierung von Tumoren ermöglicht eine „Präzisionsonkologie“ mit besonders effektiven und nebenwirkungsarmen Therapien. „Targeted Therapies“ erzielen bei bestimmten Tumorentitäten große Erfolge. Jedoch bestehen Schwierigkeiten in der praktischen Umsetzung und Nutzenbewertung zunehmend individualisierter Behandlungsansätze.
Meaning and words in the conference interpreter’s
mind
Authors: Chmiel Agnieszka 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine how interpreter training and experience influence word recognition and cross-linguistic connections in the bilingual mental lexicon. Sixty-eight professional interpreters, interpreter trainees (tested at the beginning and end of their training) and bilingual controls were asked to complete a semantic priming study. Priming is a psycholinguistic research method used to examine connections between words and languages in the mind. Data analysis conducted by means of linear mixed models revealed that advanced trainees recognised words faster than beginners, but were not outperformed by professionals. A priming effect was found only in the L1-L2 direction, suggesting similar asymmetries between languages irrespective of the interpreting experience. It is the first study to adopt a priming paradigm and a longitudinal design to examine the interpreters’ mental lexicon. The study shows that word recognition is faster due to interpreter training, but is not modulated further by interpreting experience.
Investigating problem-solving strategies of translation trainees with high and low levels of self-efficacy
Authors: Araghian Roya , Ghonsooly Behzad , Ghanizadeh Afsaneh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTranslatology adopts psychological and cognitive approaches to study the complex processes underlying translational phenomena. As such, it deals with both translations and the translators who produce them. The present study uses think-aloud protocols and keystroke logging to explore the impact of affective factors such as self-efficacy beliefs on the selection and application of translation problem-solving strategies by a group of trainee translators completing a translation task. Four translation trainees completed a Translation Self-efficacy Questionnaire. Participants with both high and low self-efficacy rankings were asked to translate a text using the Translog keylogger while simultaneously verbalizing their mental processes. Analysis of the verbal protocols indicated considerable differences within the group regarding the cognitive and metacognitive strategies that they chose to employ. The results suggested that low self-efficacy leads subjects to spend too much time translating, due to repeated attempts at production and extensive revision. Implications of the findings for translator training are discussed.
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation enhances adaptability to exercise training of mice with a muscle-specific defect in the control of BCAA catabolism
Authors: Xu Minjun , Kitaura Yasuyuki , Shindo Daichi , Shimomura Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) kinase (BDK) suppresses the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism by inactivation of the BCKDH complex. The muscle-specific BDK-deficient (BDK-mKO) mice showed accelerated BCAA oxidation in muscle and decreased endurance capacity after training (Xu et al. PLoS One. 12 (2017) e0180989). We here report that BCAA supplementation overcompensated endurance capacity in BDK-mKO mice after training.
Reducing falls in older adults recently discharged from hospital: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Naseri Chiara , Haines Terry P , Etherton-Beer Christopher , McPhail Steven , Morris Meg E , Flicker Leon , Netto Julie , Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Lee Den-Ching A , Shorr Ronald , Hill Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
older adults are known to have increased falls rates and functional decline following hospital discharge, with substantial economic healthcare costs. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence for effective falls prevention interventions in older adults recently discharged from hospital.

Methods
literature searches of six databases of quantitative studies conducted from 1990 to June 2017, reporting falls outcomes of falls prevention interventions for community-dwelling older adults discharged from hospital were included. Study quality was assessed using a standardised JBI critical appraisal tool (MAStARI) and data pooled using Rev-Man Review Manager®

Results
sixteen studies (total sample size N = 3,290, from eight countries, mean age 77) comprising 12 interventions met inclusion criteria. We found home hazard modification interventions delivered to those with a previous falls history (1 study), was effective in reducing the number of falls (RR 0.63, 95%CI 0.43, 0.93, Low GRADE evidence). Home exercise interventions (3 studies) significantly increased the proportion of fallers (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.17, 2.60, Moderate GRADE evidence), and did not significantly reduce falls rate (RR 1.27, 95%CI 0.99, 1.62, Very Low GRADE evidence) or falls injury rate (RR 1.16, 95%CI, 0.83,1.63, Low GRADE evidence). Nutritional supplementation for malnourished older adults (1 study) significantly reduced the proportion of fallers (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19, 0.86, Low GRADE evidence).

Conclusion
the recommended falls prevention interventions for older adults recently discharged from hospital are to provide home hazard minimisation particularly if they have a recent previous falls history and consider nutritional supplementation if they are malnourished.
Association of Multimodal Pain Management Strategies with Perioperative Outcomes and Resource Utilization
Authors: Memtsoudis Stavros G. , Poeran Jashvant , Zubizarreta Nicole , Cozowicz Crispiana , Mörwald Eva E. , Mariano Edward R. , Mazumdar Madhu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Multimodal analgesia is increasingly considered routine practice in joint arthroplasties, but supportive large-scale data are scarce. The authors aimed to determine how the number and type of analgesic modes is associated with reduced opioid prescription, complications, and resource utilization.

Methods
Total hip/knee arthroplasties (N = 512,393 and N = 1,028,069, respectively) from the Premier Perspective database (2006 to 2016) were included. Analgesic modes considered were opioids, peripheral nerve blocks, acetaminophen, steroids, gabapentin/pregabalin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, or ketamine. Groups were categorized into “opioids only” and 1, 2, or more than 2 additional modes. Multilevel models measured associations between multimodal analgesia and opioid prescription, cost/length of hospitalization, and opioid-related adverse effects. Odds ratios or percent change and 95% CIs are reported.

Results
Overall, 85.6% (N = 1,318,165) of patients received multimodal analgesia. In multivariable models, additions of analgesic modes were associated with stepwise positive effects: total hip arthroplasty patients receiving more than 2 modes (compared to “opioids only”) experienced 19% fewer respiratory (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.94; unadjusted 1.0% [N = 1,513] vs. 2.0% [N = 1,546]), 26% fewer gastrointestinal (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.84; unadjusted 1.5% [N = 2,234] vs. 2.5% [N = 1,984]) complications, up to a –18.5% decrease in opioid prescription (95% CI, –19.7% to –17.2%; 205 vs. 300 overall median oral morphine equivalents), and a –12.1% decrease (95% CI, –12.8% to –11.5%; 2 vs. 3 median days) in length of stay (all P < 0.05). Total knee arthroplasty analyses showed similar patterns. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors seemed to be the most effective modalities used.

Conclusions
While the optimal multimodal regimen is still not known, the authors’ findings encourage the combined use of multiple modalities in perioperative analgesic protocols.
Benefit versus Severe Side Effects of Opioid Analgesia
Authors: Roozekrans Margot , van der Schrier Rutger , Aarts Leon , Sarton Elise , van Velzen Monique , Niesters Marieke , Dahan Albert , Olofsen Erik 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Previous studies integrated opioid benefit and harm into one single function—the utility function—to determine the drug toxicity (respiratory depression) in light of its wanted effect (analgesia). This study further refined the concept of the utility function using the respiratory and analgesic effects of the opioid analgesic alfentanil as example.

Methods
Data from three previous studies in 48 healthy volunteers were combined and reanalyzed using a population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis to create utility probability functions. Four specific conditions were defined: probability of adequate analgesia without severe respiratory depression, probability of adequate analgesia with severe respiratory depression, probability of inadequate analgesia without severe respiratory depression, and probability of inadequate analgesia with severe respiratory depression.

Results
The four conditions were successfully identified with probabilities varying depending on the opioid effect-site concentration. The optimum analgesia probability without serious respiratory depression is reached at an alfentanil effect-site concentration of 68 ng/ml, and exceeds the probability of the most unwanted effect, inadequate analgesia with severe respiratory depression (odds ratio, 4.0). At higher effect-site concentrations the probability of analgesia is reduced and exceeded by the probability of serious respiratory depression.

Conclusions
The utility function was successfully further developed, allowing assessment of specific conditions in terms of wanted and unwanted effects. This approach can be used to compare the toxic effects of drugs relative to their intended effect and may be a useful tool in the development of new compounds to assess their advantage over existing drugs.
Ocular Impression-Taking—Which Material Is Best?
Authors: Turner Jennifer M. , Purslow Christine , Murphy Paul J. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To assess the efficacy and effect on clinical signs of a polyvinylsiloxane (Tresident; Shütz Dental Group GmbH, Germany) compared with an irreversible hydrocolloid (Orthoprint; Zhermack SpA, Badia Polesine, Italy) for ocular impression-taking.

Methods:
Twenty subjects were recruited (13 female and 7 male), with mean age 31.1±4.6 years (SD) (range 25.8–39.7). Subjects attended for 2 sessions, each of 1-hr duration, on 2 separate days. Each session was scheduled at the same time on each day. At each visit, the subject underwent an ocular impression procedure, using either Tresident or Orthoprint, in random order and to one eye only. Investigator 2 was blind to this assignment. Two experienced practitioners conducted the study, investigator 1 performed the ocular impression procedures and investigator 2 observed and assessed the clinical signs: logMAR visual acuity, ocular surface staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), and ocular hyperemia.

Results:
Visual acuity was unaffected by either material; TBUT was marginally disrupted by both materials, but was not clinically significant according to published criteria; ocular redness increased with both materials; and corneal staining was significantly greater after Orthoprint impression. Less redness and clinically insignificant staining after impression-taking, with fewer clinical complications, was found after use of Tresident.

Conclusions:
Tresident offers a quicker, more effective, and clinically viable method of obtaining ocular impression topography compared with the traditional Orthoprint, and Orthoprint causes significantly more superficial punctuate staining of the corneal epithelium than Tresident.
The State of Technology in Craniosynostosis
Authors: Safran Tyler , Viezel-Mathieu Alex , Beland Benjamin , Azzi Alain J. , Galli Rafael , Gilardino Mirko 
Published: March 2018

Introduction:
Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of ≥1 cranial sutures, is the leading cause of pediatric skull deformities, affecting 1 of every 2000 to 2500 live births worldwide. Technologies used for the management of craniofacial conditions, specifically in craniosynostosis, have been advancing dramatically. This article highlights the most recent technological advances in craniosynostosis surgery through a systematic review of the literature.

Methods:
A systematic electronic search was performed using the PubMed database. Search terms used were “craniosynostosis” AND “technology” OR “innovation” OR “novel." Two independent reviewers subsequently reviewed the resultant articles based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected manuscripts deemed novel by the senior authors were grouped by procedure categories.

Results:
Following review of the PubMed database, 28 of 536 articles were retained. Of the 28 articles, 20 articles consisting of 21 technologies were deemed as being novel by the senior authors. The technologies were categorized as diagnostic imaging (n = 6), surgical planning (n = 4), cranial vault evaluation (n = 4), machine learning (n = 3), ultrasound pinning (n = 3), and near-infrared spectroscopy (n = 1).

Conclusion:
Multiple technological advances have impacted the treatment of craniosynostosis. These innovations include improvement in diagnosis and objective measurement of craniosynostosis, preoperative planning, intraoperative procedures, communication between both surgeons and patients, and surgical education.
Successful Strategies for Dealing With Infected, Custom-Made Hydroxyapatite Cranioplasty
Authors: Zanotti Bruno , Zingaretti Nicola , Verlicchi Angela , Alfieri Alex , Parodi Pier Camillo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
When a cranioplasty implant becomes infected, standard operating procedure dictates its removal and the initiation of a long course of antibiotic therapy. However, removing such a prosthesis can have a series of adverse consequences, including delayed cognitive and motor recovery, lack of brain tissue protection, unsightly deformity, and the need for two additional surgical procedures, not to mention the additional costs involved. To maintain the advantages of cranioplasty, we opted for a conservative approach (levofloxacin and rifampicin every 24 hours for 8 weeks) in a 68-year-old woman whose custom-made porous hydroxyapatite implant, fitted following aneurysm clipping, had become infected. The tissues overlying the implant were curettaged, and the patient's clinical condition, blood markers, and infection course were continuously monitored (local monitoring was performed by single-photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]/computed tomography [CT after intravenous administration of 99mTc-labeled antigranulocyte antibody). Blood tests and SPECT/CT evidenced a progressive reduction in phlogosis indices and infection locus, even 1 month after antibiotic therapy was commenced, and at 2 years from cranioplasty, the same tests and clinical examination were negative. At 6-year follow-up, clinical assessment revealed nothing out of the ordinary.
Hence, specific cases (hydroxyapatite prosthesis, intact dura, cranial CT and magnetic resonance imaging negative for empyema, well-vascularized scalp, antibiotic-responsive bacteria) of infected cranial implant can be treated using a conservative approach consisting of appropriate antibiotic therapy, accompanied by local debridement where necessary, and assiduous monitoring of phlogosis indices and local verification via labeled-leukocyte scintigraphy. Our report, which was compiled after a long-term follow-up period, shows that this conservative procedure appears to be a viable option in cases of infected, custom-made hydroxyapatite cranioplasty, provided that some basic rules concerning clinical and instrumental standards are adhered to, as clearly stated in our report.
Indexed variation graphs for efficient and accurate resistome profiling
Authors: Rowe Will P.M. , Winn Martyn D 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance remains a major threat to global health. Profiling the collective antimicrobial resistance genes within a metagenome (the “resistome”) facilitates greater understanding of antimicrobial resistance gene diversity and dynamics. In turn, this can allow for gene surveillance, individualised treatment of bacterial infections and more sustainable use of antimicrobials. However, resistome profiling can be complicated by high similarity between reference genes, as well as the sheer volume of sequencing data and the complexity of analysis workflows. We have developed an efficient and accurate method for resistome profiling that addresses these complications and improves upon currently available tools.ResultsOur method combines a variation graph representation of gene sets with an LSH Forest indexing scheme to allow for fast classification of metagenomic sequence reads using similarity-search queries. Subsequent hierarchical local alignment of classified reads against graph traversals enables accurate reconstruction of full-length gene sequences using a scoring scheme. We provide our implementation, GROOT, and show it to be both faster and more accurate than a current reference-dependent tool for resistome profiling. GROOT runs on a laptop and can process a typical 2 gigabyte metagenome in 2 minutes using a single CPU.ConclusionWe present a method for resistome profiling that utilises a novel index and search strategy to accurately type resistance genes in metagenomic samples. The use of variation graphs yields several advantages over other methods using linear reference sequences. Our method is not restricted to resistome profiling and has the potential to improve current metagenomic workflows. The implementation is written in Go and is available at https://github.com/will-rowe/groot (MIT license).
Rapid Reconstruction of Time-varying Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Pyne Saptarshi , Kumar Alok Ranjan , Anand Ashish 
Published: March 2018

Abstract—Rapid advancements in high-throughput technologies has resulted in genome-scale time series datasets. Uncovering the temporal sequence of gene regulatory events, in the form of time-varying gene regulatory networks (GRNs), demands computationally fast, accurate and scalable algorithms. The existing algorithms can be divided into two categories: ones that are time-intensive and hence unscalable; others that impose structural constraints to become scalable. In this paper, a novel algorithm, namely ‘an algorithm for reconstructing Time-varying Gene regulatory networks with Shortlisted candidate regulators’ (TGS), is proposed. TGS is time-efficient and does not impose any structural constraints. Moreover, it provides such flexibility and time-efficiency, without losing its accuracy. TGS consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms in true positive detection, on three benchmark synthetic datasets. However, TGS does not perform as well in false positive rejection. To mitigate this issue, TGS+ is proposed. TGS+ demonstrates competitive false positive rejection power, while maintaining the superior speed and true positive detection power of TGS. Nevertheless, main memory requirements of both TGS variants grow exponentially with the number of genes, which they tackle by restricting the maximum number of regulators for each gene. Relaxing this restriction remains a challenge as the actual number of regulators is not known a priori.ReproducibilityThe datasets and results can be found at: https://github.com/aaiitg-grp/TGS. This manuscript is currently under review. As soon as it is accepted, the source code will be made available at the same link. There are mentions of a ‘supplementary document’ throughout the text. The supplementary document will also be made available after acceptance of the manuscript. If you wish to be notified when the supplementary document and source code are available, kindly send an email to saptarshipyne01@gmail.com with subject line ‘TGS Source Code: Request for Notification’. The email body can be kept blank.