bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reliability of a Smartphone Goniometer Application Compared With a Traditional Goniometer for Measuring Ankle Joint Range of Motion
Authors: Alawna Motaz Abdalla , Unver Bayram H. , Yuksel Ertugrul O. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Evaluation of range of motion (ROM) is integral to assessment of the musculoskeletal system, is required in health fitness and pathologic conditions, and is used as an objective outcome measure. Several methods are described to check ROM, each with advantages and disadvantages. Hence, this study introduces a new device using a smartphone goniometer to measure ankle joint ROM.

Objective:
To test the reliability of smartphone goniometry in the ankle joint by comparing it with the universal goniometer (UG) and to assess interrater and intrarater reliability for the smartphone goniometer record (SGR) application.

Methods:
Fifty-eight healthy volunteers (29 men and 29 women aged 18–30 years) underwent SGR and UG measurement of ankle joint dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Two examiners measured ankle joint ROM. Descriptive statistics were calculated for descriptive and anthropometric variables, as were intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results:
There were 58 usable data sets. For measuring ankle dorsiflexion ROM, both instruments showed excellent interrater reliability: UG (ICC = 0.87) and SGR (ICC = 0.89). Intrarater reliability was excellent in both instruments in ankle dorsiflexion: UG and SGR (mean ICC = 0.91). For measuring ankle plantarflexion, both instruments showed excellent interrater reliability: UG (ICC = 0.76) and SGR (ICC = 0.82). Intrarater reliability was excellent in both instruments in ankle plantarflexion: UG (mean ICC = 0.85) and SGR (mean ICC = 0.82).

Conclusions:
Smartphone-based goniometers can be used to assess active ROM of the ankle joint because they can achieve a high degree of intrarater and interrater reliability.
Seven‐Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Linezolid Without Intermediate Purification
Authors: Russell M. Grace , Jamison Timothy F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein, the blockbuster antibacterial drug linezolid is synthesized from simple starting blocks by a convergent continuous flow sequence involving seven (7) chemical transformations. This is the highest total number of distinct reaction steps ever performed in continuous flow without conducting solvent exchanges or intermediate purification. Linezolid was obtained in 73 % isolated yield in a total residence time of 27 minutes, corresponding to a throughput of 816 mg h−1.
Functionalized h‐BN Nanosheets as a Theranostic Platform for SERS Real‐Time Monitoring of MicroRNA and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Jia , Zheng Tingting , Tian Yang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTraditional therapeutic and diagnostic tools exhibit serious side effects, poor selectivity, and sensitivity. Herein, a multifunctional CuPc@HG@BN theranostic platform composed of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BNNS), conjugated DNA oligonucleotide, and copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) was developed in which the CuPc molecule played double key roles in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as well as in situ monitoring and imaging of miR‐21 by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Owing to the designed circle amplification of miRNA and high SERS effects of CuPc on h‐BNNS, miR‐21 responsive concentration was achieved as low as 0.7 fm in live cells. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that the integrated nanoplatform showed remarkable enhancement in PDT efficiency with minimized damage to the normal tissues. The developed probe was also successfully utilized for early monitoring and guiding the early therapy, realizing tumor elimination.
Gyroidal Niobium Sulfide/Carbon Hybrid Monoliths for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Fleischmann Simon , Dörr Tobias S. , Frank Anna , Hieke Stefan W. , Doblas‐Jimenez David , Scheu Christina , de Oliveira Peter W. , Kraus Tobias , Presser Volker 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides are attractive two‐dimensional electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high reversible charge storage capacity. Hybridization of these materials with carbon promises enhanced performance by facilitating the access to reactive sites and extended mechanical stabilization. Herein, we introduce a NbS2/C hybrid material exhibiting a gyroidal microstructure synthesized through macromolecular co‐assembly of a tailored block copolymer and an organometallic niobium precursor and subsequent sulfidation. Our synthesis allows the preparation of mechanically stable monoliths with NbS2 nanocrystals engulfed in a highly porous carbon shell. Due to the curvature of the gyroidal structure, abundant reactive sites are exposed that lead to an attractive performance in a lithium‐containing electrolyte with a capacity of up to 400 mAh/g.
Sacrificial Bioprinting of a Mammary Ductal Carcinoma Model
Authors: Duchamp Margaux , Liu Tingting , van Genderen Anne M. , Kappings Vanessa , Oklu Rahmi , Ellisen Leif W. , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: April 2019

Cancer tissue engineering has remained challenging due to the limitations of the conventional biofabrication techniques to model the complex tumor microenvironment. Here, the utilization of a sacrificial bioprinting strategy is reported to generate the biomimetic mammary duct‐like structure within a hydrogel matrix, which is further populated with breast cancer cells, to model the genesis of ductal carcinoma and its subsequent outward invasion. This bioprinted mammary ductal carcinoma model provides a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of the value of using the sacrificial bioprinting technique for engineering biologically relevant cancer models, which may be possibly extended to other cancer types where duct‐like structures are involved.
Stereoselective Desymmetrization of gem‐Diborylalkanes by “Trifluorination”
Authors: Kumar Nivesh , Reddy Reddy Rajasekhar , Masarwa Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn efficient and general method for the chemoselective synthesis of unsymmetrical gem‐diborylalkanes is reported. This method is based on a late‐stage desymmetrization through nucleophilic “trifluorination”, providing chiral gem‐diborylalkanes bearing a trifluoroborate group. The reaction offers a highly modular and diastereoselective approach towards the synthesis of gem‐diborylcyclopropanes. The utility of the gem‐diborylalkane building blocks was demonstrated by selective post‐functionalization of the trifluoroborate group. These functionalizations include inter‐ and intra‐ Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions.
A Procedure to Select Meteorological Data for Air Dispersion Modeling of Pesticide Applications in California
Authors: Tao Jing , Vidrio Edgar 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study developed a procedure to select a set of 5-y meteorological data with the potential to estimate the highest concentrations (“worst-case scenario”) in air dispersion modeling of pesticide applications with American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD). The study analyzed the relationship between the 95th percentile maximum concentrations estimated by AERMOD and the percentages of low wind speed (LWS, 0.5–2 m/s) in the meteorological data used for the modeling. Statistical analysis showed that they were positively correlated within various distances to different types of emission sources. In addition, the LWS percentages of 1-y data could be used to predict the LWS percentages of 5-y data for the same station. Based on these results, the selection procedure for meteorological data began with the evaluation of 1-y data quality and LWS percentages for all the available stations in California, USA, counties with high use of a pesticide of interest. Five-year meteorological data were then processed for the top 5 stations with the highest LWS percentages to perform AERMOD modeling. Finally, the air concentration estimates of the modeled meteorological data were compared to determine the worst-case scenario data. This procedure provided a strategic plan for selecting meteorological data for AERMOD modeling of pesticide applications in California. The procedure was applied to the modeling of residential structural fumigations and determined that the 5-y (2011–2015) data of the weather station WBAN 93134 (downtown Los Angeles, University of Southern California campus) was the worst-case scenario meteorological data for this modeling case. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:648–658. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sampling Designs for Landscape-level eDNA Monitoring Programs
Authors: Erickson Richard A , Merkes Christopher M , Mize Erica L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Effective natural resources management requires accurate information about species distributions. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a commonly used method to determine species presence and distribution. However, when understanding eDNA-based distribution data, managers must contend with imperfect detection in collection samples and subsamples (i.e., molecular analyses) impacting their ability to detect species and estimate occurrence. Occurrence models can estimate 3 probabilities: occurrence, capture, and eDNA detection. However, most occurrence models do not. To quantify imperfect detection in rare versus common species, we examined multiple field capture and detection probabilities. We studied this with 3 objectives: Determine sample sizes required to detect eDNA given imperfect detection, determine sample sizes required to estimate eDNA capture parameters, and examine performance of a 3-level occurrence model. We found detecting eDNA in ≥1 sample at a site required ≤15 samples per site for common species, but detecting eDNA when looking for rare species required 45 to 90 samples per site. Our occurrence model recovered known parameters unless capture and detection probabilities were &lt;0.2 where &gt;100 samples per site and ≥8 molecular replicates were required. Our findings illustrate the importance of sample size and molecular replication for eDNA-based work. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:760–771. Published 2019. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Revisiting the Avian Eco-SSL for Lead: Recommendations for Revision
Authors: Sample Bradley E , Beyer W Nelson , Wentsel Randy 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The avian ecological soil screening level (Eco-SSL) for Pb (11 mg/kg) is within soil background concentrations for &gt;90% of the United States. Consequently, its utility as a soil screening level is limited. Site-specific ecological risk–based remedial goals for Pb are frequently many times greater. Toxicity reference values (TRVs) play a major role in defining Eco-SSLs. The Pb Eco-SSL TRV is driven by reduced egg production in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), which displays effects at doses both substantially lower and greater than other tested species. High variability in egg production in Japanese quail has also been observed for other contaminants. Japanese quail egg production may therefore be too variable and unreliable an effect endpoint upon which to base regulatory screening criteria. Toxicity data supporting the Eco-SSL were reevaluated and only studies reporting both no and lowest observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs and LOAELs) for reproduction, growth, or survival were considered. Dose–response data were extracted from 10 studies both as concentrations and doses. Dose–response relationships were developed using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Benchmark Dose Software for dietary concentrations and doses for egg production in Japanese quail and chickens. Effect levels (of 10%, 20%, and 50%) were extracted from the dose–response analyses. Species sensitivity distributions and dose–response data indicated reproduction was most sensitive to Pb and survival was least sensitive, with growth intermediate. Limited data for ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius) suggest lower sensitivity than chickens to Pb. The ED10 and ED20 thresholds for chickens were 4.4 and 9.8 mg·kg–1·d–1, respectively. Avian Pb Eco-SSLs were recalculated based on the chicken ED10 and ED20, with and without a bioavailability adjustment. Revised avian Pb Eco-SSLs for the most highly exposed species (American woodcock), based on the ED10 and assuming 100% and 50% bioavailability, were 36.3 mg/kg and 43.7 mg/kg, respectively. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:739–749. © 2019 SETAC.
miR‐103a‐2‐5p/miR‐30c‐1‐3p inhibits the progression of prostate cancer resistance to androgen ablation therapy via targeting androgen receptor variant 7
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Yao Gan , Zhou Keqin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAndrogens and androgen receptors are vital factors involved in prostate cancer progression, and androgen ablation therapies are commonly used to treat advanced prostate cancer. However, the acquisition of androgen ablation therapy resistance remains a challenge. Recently, androgen receptor splicing variants lacking the ligand‐binding domain have been reported to play a critical role in the acquisition of androgen ablation therapy resistance. In the present study, we revealed that the messenger RNA expression and the protein levels of an androgen receptor variant 7 (AR‐V7) were higher in prostate cancer tissue samples and in the AR‐positive prostate cancer cell line, VCaP. In contrast, microRNA (miR)‐30c‐1‐3p/miR‐103a‐2‐5p expression was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues and cells. miR‐30c‐1‐3p/miR‐103a‐2‐5p overexpression could inhibit AR‐V7 expression, suppress VCaP cell growth, and inhibit AR‐V7 downstream factor expression by directly targeting the 3′‐untranslated region of AR‐V7. Under enzalutamide (Enza) treatment, the effects of AR‐V7 overexpression were the opposite of those of miR‐103a‐2‐5p/miR‐30c‐1‐3p overexpression; more importantly, the effects of miR‐103a‐2‐5p/miR‐30c‐1‐3p overexpression could be significantly reversed by AR‐V7 overexpression under Enza. In summary, we demonstrated a novel mechanism of the miR‐30c‐1‐3p/miR‐103a‐2‐5p/AR‐V7 axis modulating the cell proliferation of AR‐positive prostate cancer cells via AR downstream targets. The clinical application of miR‐30c‐1‐3p/miR‐103a‐2‐5p needs further in vivo validation.
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells stereotactic transplantation alleviate brain edema from intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Ye , Deng Hong , Hu Yang , Pan Chao , Wu Guofeng , Li Qi , Tang Zhouping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) exhibited high potential in tissue repair and regeneration, and it has been proved that ADSCs could protect brain cells from apoptosis and maintaining blood‐brain barrier stability after cerebral vascular disease. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential and mechanism of ADSCs stereotactic transplantation in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mice model and hemin‐treated astrocytes. Mice were divided into three groups: sham group, ICH + PBS group, and ICH + ADSC group. Mice in ICH + ADSC group received ADSCs cell suspension stereotactic transplantation into the area beside the bleeding region. Astrocytes were divided into three groups: control group, hemin group, and hemin + ADSC group. Astrocytes in hemin + ADSC group were cultured in ADSCs‐astrocyte no‐contact coculture system and treated with 30 μM hemin solution. The results showed that ADSCs stereotactic transplantation improved functional outcomes and reduced cell apoptosis after ICH. Moreover, ADSCs stereotactic transplantation could alleviate brain edema and inflammation and AQP4 protein expression contributed to the alleviation of brain edema. In addition, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, including p38/MAPK pathway and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway, were involved in AQP4 modulation by ADSCs transplantation in ICH. In conclusion, ADSCs transplantation could alleviate the nervous tissue injury, reduce cell apoptosis, and relieve brain edema in ICH. And the edema regulation effect of ADSCs transplantation is associated with inhibition of inflammation and AQP4 protein expression.
LRP10 in autosomal‐dominant Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen You , Cen Zhidong , Zheng Xiaosheng , Pan Qinqing , Chen Xinhui , Zhu Lili , Chen Si , Wu Hongwei , Xie Fei , Wang Haotian , Yang Dehao , Wang Lebo , Zhang Baorong , Luo Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the LRP10 gene has been identified as a novel genetic cause in individuals affected by Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia, or dementia with Lewy bodies.ObjectiveWe investigated the involvement of LRP10 mutations in Chinese patients with familial PD and reviewed previous studies of LRP10 mutations in patients with PD.MethodsA mutation analysis of the LRP10 gene was performed in a cohort of 205 unrelated Chinese patients with familial PD. Burden analysis was conducted using data from the Genome Aggregation Database and 5 genetic studies of LRP10 in patients with PD (including our cohort).ResultsA total of 3 novel potentially pathogenic variants, c.32T>A (p.L11H), c.1184G>A (p.R395H), and c.1333G>A (p.A445T), were detected in 3 probands of our cohort. However, burden analysis argued against an overrepresentation of variant alleles in patients with PD.ConclusionsGenetic screening of the LRP10 gene in our cohort may provide independent, albeit limited, evidence for the pathogenicity of LRP10 in familial PD. Burden analysis using data from current studies failed to support the association between LRP10 and PD in general. Thus, more robust replication studies are warranted to determine the involvement of LRP10 in the pathogenesis of PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Galectin‐3 aggravates ox‐LDL‐induced endothelial dysfunction through LOX‐1 mediated signaling pathway
Authors: Ou Hsiu‐Chung , Chou Wan‐Ching , Hung Ching‐Hsia , Chu Pei‐Ming , Hsieh Pei‐Ling , Chan Shih‐Hung , Tsai Kun‐Ling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGalectin‐3, a biomarker linking oxidative stress and inflammation, participates in different mechanisms related to atherothrombosis, such as inflammation, proliferation, or macrophage chemotaxis. Accumulating evidence indicates that galectin‐3 may also promote atherogenesis through inducing endothelial dysfunction. Lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor‐1 (LOX‐1), a receptor for oxLDL uptake, contributes to oxLDL‐induced endothelial dysfunction. Whether galectin‐3 induces endothelial dysfunction through modulation of LOX‐1‐mediated signaling remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms underlying galectin‐3 enhanced cytotoxicity of oxLDL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the role of LOX‐1. Incubation of HUVECs with galectin‐3 increased the expression of LOX‐1 in RNA and protein levels. In addition, the expression of LOX‐1 induced by oxLDL was promoted by galectin‐3. However, pretreatment of LOX‐1 antibody reduced LOX‐1 mRNA expression level in cells with oxLDL plus galectin‐3 incubation. Compared to cells treated with oxLDL alone, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and subsequent activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases followed by nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation and related inflammatory responses including adhesion molecule expression, adhesiveness of monocytic cells, and IL‐8 release were also aggravated in cells treated with galectin‐3 combined with oxLDL. Compared to cells treated with galectin‐3 plus oxLDL group. We found that LOX‐1 antibody mitigated NADPH oxidase activity, p‐38 up‐regulation, NF‐κB activation, and proinflammatory responses in cells treated with galectin‐3 combined with oxLDL. We conclude that galectin‐3 enhances endothelial LOX‐1 expression and propose a new mechanism by which galectin‐3 may promote endothelial dysfunction by inducing inflammation via LOX‐1/ROS/p38/NF‐κB‐mediated signaling pathway.
Extracellular RNA in viral–host interactions: Thinking outside the cell
Authors: Ressel Sarah , Rosca Adelina , Gordon Katrina , Buck Amy H. 
Published: April 2019

Small RNAs and their associated RNA interference (RNAi) pathways underpin diverse mechanisms of gene regulation and genome defense across all three kingdoms of life and are integral to virus–host interactions. In plants, fungi and many animals, an ancestral RNAi pathway exists as a host defense mechanism whereby viral double‐stranded RNA is processed to small RNAs that enable recognition and degradation of the virus. While this antiviral RNAi pathway is not generally thought to be present in mammals, other RNAi mechanisms can influence infection through both viral‐ and host‐derived small RNAs. Furthermore, a burgeoning body of data suggests that small RNAs in mammals can function in a non‐cell autonomous manner to play various roles in cell‐to‐cell communication and disease through their transport in extracellular vesicles. While vesicular small RNAs have not been proposed as an antiviral defense pathway per se, there is increasing evidence that the export of host‐ or viral‐derived RNAs from infected cells can influence various aspects of the infection process. This review discusses the current knowledge of extracellular RNA functions in viral infection and the technical challenges surrounding this field of research.This article is categorized under:
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Dicamba-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) in Kansas: characterization and management with fall- or spring-applied PRE herbicides
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Engel Ryan P. , Currie Randall , Jha Prashant , Stahlman Phillip W. , Thompson Curtis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDicamba-resistant (DR) kochia is an increasing concern for growers in the US Great Plains, including Kansas. Greenhouse and field experiments (Garden City and Tribune, KS, in the 2014 to 2015 growing season) were conducted to characterize the dicamba resistance levels in two recently evolved DR kochia accessions collected from fallow fields (wheat–sorghum–fallow rotation) near Hays, KS, and to determine the effectiveness of various PRE herbicide tank mixtures applied in fall or spring prior to the fallow year. Dicamba dose–response studies indicated that the KS-110 and KS-113 accessions had 5- to 8-fold resistance to dicamba, respectively, relative to a dicamba-susceptible (DS) accession. In separate field studies, atrazine-based PRE herbicide tank mixtures, dicamba + pendimethalin + sulfentrazone, and metribuzin + sulfentrazone when applied in the spring had excellent kochia control (85% to 95%) for 3 to 4 mo at the Garden City and Tribune sites. In contrast, kochia control with those PRE herbicide tank mixtures when applied in the fall did not exceed 79% at the later evaluation dates. In conclusion, the tested kochia accessions from western Kansas had evolved moderate to high levels of resistance to dicamba. Growers should utilize these effective PRE herbicide tank mixtures (multiple sites of action) in early spring to manage kochia seed bank during the summer fallow phase of this 3-yr crop rotation (wheat–corn/sorghum–fallow) in the Central Great Plains.