bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Lense–Thirring Precession Model. I. Variability of Relativistic Continuum
Authors: You Bei , Bursa Michal , Życki Piotr T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We develop a Monte Carlo code to compute the Compton-scattered X-ray flux arising from a hot inner flow that undergoes Lense–Thirring precession. The hot flow intercepts seed photons from an outer truncated thin disk. A fraction of the Comptonized photons will illuminate the disk, and the reflected/reprocessed photons will contribute to the observed spectrum. The total spectrum, including disk thermal emission, hot flow Comptonization, and disk reflection, is modeled within the framework of general relativity, taking light bending and gravitational redshift into account. The simulations are performed in the context of the Lense–Thirring precession model for the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations, so the inner flow is assumed to precess, leading to periodic modulation of the emitted radiation. In this work, we concentrate on the energy-dependent X-ray variability of the model and, in particular, on the evolution of the variability during the spectral transition from hard to soft state, which is implemented by the decrease of the truncation radius of the outer disk toward the innermost stable circular orbit. In the hard state, where the Comptonizing flow is geometrically thick, the Comptonization is weakly variable with a fractional variability amplitude of ≤10%; in the soft state, where the Comptonizing flow is cooled down and thus becomes geometrically thin, the fractional variability of the Comptonization is highly variable, increasing with photon energy. The fractional variability of the reflection increases with energy, and the reflection emission for low spin is counterintuitively more variable than the one for high spin.
Discovery of a Vast Ionized Gas Cloud in the M51 System
Authors: Watkins Aaron E. , Mihos J. Christopher , Bershady Matthew , Harding Paul 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present the discovery of a vast cloud of ionized gas (hereafter, the Cloud) 13′ (32 kpc) north of the interacting system M51. We detected this cloud via deep narrowband imaging with the Burrell Schmidt Telescope, where it appears as an extended, diffuse Hα-emitting feature with no embedded compact regions. The Cloud spans ∼10′ × 3′ (25 × 7.5 kpc) in size and has no stellar counterpart; comparisons with our previous deep broadband imaging show no detected continuum light to a limit of μ
lim,B
∼ 30 mag arcsec−2. WIYN SparsePak observations confirm the Cloud’s kinematic association with M51, and the high [N ii]/Hα, [S ii]/Hα, and [O i]/Hα line ratios that we measure imply a hard ionization source such as active galactic nuclei (AGN) photoionization or shock heating rather than photoionization due to young stars. Given the strong [N ii] emission, we infer roughly solar metallicity for the Cloud, ruling out an origin due to infall of primordial gas. Instead, we favor models where the gas has been expelled from the inner regions of the M51 system due to tidal stripping or starburst/AGN winds and has been subsequently ionized either by shocks or a fading AGN. This latter scenario raises the intriguing possibility that M51 may be the nearest example of an AGN fossil nebula or light echo, akin to the famous “Hanny’s Voorwerp” in the IC 2497 system.
NICER Discovers the Ultracompact Orbit of the Accreting Millisecond Pulsar IGR J17062–6143
Authors: Strohmayer T. E. , Arzoumanian Z. , Bogdanov S. , Bult P. M. , Chakrabarty D. , Enoto T. , Gendreau K. C. , Guillot S. , Harding A. K. , Ho W. C. G. , Homan J. , Jaisawal G. K. , Keek L. , Kerr M. , Mahmoodifar S. , Markwardt C. B. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. S. , Remillard R. , Wolff M. T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present results of recent Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) observations of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar (AMXP) IGR J17062−6143 that show that it resides in a circular, ultracompact binary with a 38-minute orbital period. NICER observed the source for ≈26 ks over a 5.3-day span in 2017 August, and again for 14 and 11 ks in 2017 October and November, respectively. A power spectral analysis of the August exposure confirms the previous detection of pulsations at 163.656 Hz in Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) data, and reveals phase modulation due to orbital motion of the neutron star. A coherent search for the orbital solution using the Z
2 method finds a best-fitting circular orbit with a period of 2278.21 s (37.97 minutes), a projected semimajor axis of 0.00390 lt-s, and a barycentric pulsar frequency of 163.6561105 Hz. This is currently the shortest known orbital period for an AMXP. The mass function is 9.12 × 10−8
M
⊙, presently the smallest known for a stellar binary. The minimum donor mass ranges from ≈0.005 to 0.007 M
⊙ for a neutron star mass from 1.2 to 2 M
⊙. Assuming mass transfer is driven by gravitational radiation, we find donor mass and binary inclination bounds of 0.0175–0.0155 M
⊙ and 19° < i < 27.°5, where the lower and upper bounds correspond to 1.4 and 2 M
⊙ neutron stars, respectively. Folding the data accounting for the orbital modulation reveals a sinusoidal profile with fractional amplitude 2.04 ± 0.11% (0.3–3.2 keV).
Blend de maracujá e capuchinha: efeito do processamento térmico sobre compostos bioativos e características sensoriais
Authors: Alvarenga Gabriela Fontes , Carlos Lanamar Almeida , Arruda Aline Cristina , Martins Luma Moreira , Oliveira Kenia Grasielle , Da Silva Ernani Clarete 
Published: May 2018

Blends elaborados com frutas e hortaliças não convencionais, como a capuchinha são alternativas de bebidas com aceitação sensorial, boas características nutricionais, além de ser opção para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Para aumentar o tempo de prateleira deste tipo de bebida são necessários processamentos térmicos, que podem causar alterações indesejáveis. Este estudo objetivou desenvolver e avaliar o efeito dos processamentos térmicos na retenção de compostos bioativos, aceitação sensorial e características físico-químicas, de blends de polpa de maracujá e flor de capuchinha. Constatou-se que os conteúdos de carotenoides variaram de 544,35 (µg/100g), para o blend in natura, até 779,92 (µg/100g) para o produto pasteurizado. O teor de fenólicos totais, não diferiu significativamente entre os tratamentos, enquanto as antocianinas foram significativamente degradadas pelo processamento térmico. Em relação às características físico-químicas, o parâmetro a* do blend pasteurizado diferiu dos demais, sendo este de maior intensidade na coloração vermelha. Os SST do blend pasteurizado (12,78°Brix) e esterilizado (12,81°Brix) foram superiores ao do blend in natura. A ATT (% ácido cítrico) foi menor no blend esterilizado, já entre os blends in natura e pasteurizado, não houve diferença significativa. O ratio diferiu em todos os tratamentos. O pH e a matéria seca não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Em relação à aceitação sensorial, o blend pasteurizado obteve as maiores médias e o esterilizado as menores. De forma geral, o blend elaborado é uma boa alternativa para desenvolvimento de novos produtos, pois possui boa aceitação e é fonte de compostos bioativos mesmo após o processamento térmico.
CD8 Follicular T Cells Promote B Cell Antibody Class Switch in Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Valentine Kristen M. , Davini Dan , Lawrence Travis J. , Mullins Genevieve N. , Manansala Miguel , Al-Kuhlani Mufadhal , Pinney James M. , Davis Jason K. , Beaudin Anna E. , Sindi Suzanne S. , Gravano David M. , Hoyer Katrina K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCD8 T cells can play both a protective and pathogenic role in inflammation and autoimmune development. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of CD8 T cells to function as T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the germinal center in the context of infection. However, whether this phenomenon occurs in autoimmunity and contributes to autoimmune pathogenesis is largely unexplored. In this study, we show that CD8 T cells acquire a CD4 Tfh profile in the absence of functional regulatory T cells in both the IL-2–deficient and scurfy mouse models. Depletion of CD8 T cells mitigates autoimmune pathogenesis in IL-2–deficient mice. CD8 T cells express the B cell follicle–localizing chemokine receptor CXCR5, a principal Tfh transcription factor Bcl6, and the Tfh effector cytokine IL-21. CD8 T cells localize to the B cell follicle, express B cell costimulatory proteins, and promote B cell differentiation and Ab isotype class switching. These data reveal a novel contribution of autoreactive CD8 T cells to autoimmune disease, in part, through CD4 follicular-like differentiation and functionality.
IVIg Promote Cross-Tolerance against Inflammatory Stimuli In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Domínguez-Soto Ángeles , Simón-Fuentes Miriam , de las Casas-Engel Mateo , Cuevas Víctor D. , López-Bravo María , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Saz-Leal Paula , Sancho David , Ardavín Carlos , Ochoa-Grullón Juliana , Sánchez-Ramón Silvia , Vega Miguel A. , Corbí Angel L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
IVIg is an approved therapy for immunodeficiency and for several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular basis for the IVIg anti-inflammatory activity remains to be fully explained and cannot be extrapolated from studies on animal models of disease. We now report that IVIg impairs the generation of human monocyte–derived anti-inflammatory macrophages by inducing JNK activation and activin A production and limits proinflammatory macrophage differentiation by inhibiting GM-CSF–driven STAT5 activation. In vivo, IVIg provokes a rapid increase in peripheral blood activin A, CCL2, and IL-6 levels, an effect that can be recapitulated in vitro on human monocytes. On differentiating monocytes, IVIg promotes the acquisition of altered transcriptional and cytokine profiles, reduces TLR expression and signaling, and upregulates negative regulators of TLR-initiated intracellular signaling. In line with these effects, in vivo IVIg infusion induces a state tolerant toward subsequent stimuli that results in reduced inflammatory cytokine production after LPS challenge in human peripheral blood and significant protection from LPS-induced death in mice. Therefore, IVIg conditions human macrophages toward the acquisition of a state of cross-tolerance against inflammatory stimuli, an effect that correlates with the net anti-inflammatory action of IVIg in vivo.
An Unmutated IgM Response to the Vi Polysaccharide of Salmonella Typhi Contributes to Protective Immunity in a Murine Model of Typhoid
Authors: Pandya Kalgi D. , Palomo-Caturla Isabel , Walker Justin A. , K. Sandilya Vijay , Zhong Zhijiu , Alugupalli Kishore R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
T cell–dependent B cell responses typically develop in germinal centers. Abs generated during such responses are isotype switched and have a high affinity to the Ag because of somatic hypermutation of Ab genes. B cell responses to purified polysaccharides are T cell independent and do not result in the formation of bona fide germinal centers, and the dominant Ab isotype produced during such responses is IgM with very few or no somatic mutations. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for both somatic hypermutation and Ig isotype switching in humans and mice. To test the extent to which unmutated polysaccharide-specific IgM confers protective immunity, we immunized wildtype and AID−/− mice with either heat-killed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) or purified Vi polysaccharide (ViPS). We found that wildtype and AID−/− mice immunized with heat-killed S. Typhi generated similar anti-ViPS IgM responses. As expected, wildtype, but not AID−/− mice generated ViPS-specific IgG. However, the differences in the Ab-dependent killing of S. Typhi mediated by the classical pathway of complement activation were not statistically significant. In ViPS-immunized wildtype and AID−/− mice, the ViPS-specific IgM levels and S. Typhi bactericidal Ab titers at 7 but not at 28 d postimmunization were also comparable. To test the protective immunity conferred by these immunizations, mice were challenged with a chimeric S. Typhimurium strain expressing ViPS. Compared with their naive counterparts, immunized wildtype and AID−/− mice exhibited significantly reduced bacterial burden regardless of the route of infection. These data indicate that an unmutated IgM response to ViPS contributes to protective immunity to S. Typhi.
HLA-F on HLA-Null 721.221 Cells Activates Primary NK Cells Expressing the Activating Killer Ig-like Receptor KIR3DS1
Authors: Kiani Zahra , Dupuy Franck P. , Bruneau Julie , Lebouché Bertrand , Zhang Cindy X. , Jackson Elise , Lisovsky Irene , da Fonseca Sandrina , Geraghty Daniel E. , Bernard Nicole F. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
NK cells elicit important responses against transformed and virally infected cells. Carriage of the gene encoding the activating killer Ig-like receptor KIR3DS1 is associated with slower time to AIDS and protection from HIV infection. Recently, open conformers of the nonclassical MHC class Ib Ag HLA-F were identified as KIR3DS1 ligands. In this study, we investigated whether the interaction of KIR3DS1 on primary NK cells with HLA-F on the HLA-null cell line 721.221 (221) stimulated KIR3DS1+ NK cells. We used a panel of Abs to detect KIR3DS1+CD56dim NK cells that coexpressed the inhibitory NK cell receptors KIR2DL1/L2/L3, 3DL2, NKG2A, and ILT2; the activating NK cell receptors KIR2DS1/S2/S3/S5; and CCL4, IFN-γ, and CD107a functions. We showed that both untreated and acid-pulsed 221 cells induced a similar frequency of KIR3DS1+ cells to secrete CCL4/IFN-γ and express CD107a with a similar intensity. A higher percentage of KIR3DS1+ than KIR3DS1− NK cells responded to 221 cells when either inclusive or exclusive (i.e., coexpressing none of the other inhibitory NK cell receptors and activating NK cell receptors detected by the Ab panel) gating strategies were employed to identify these NK cell populations. Blocking the interaction of HLA-F on 221 cells with KIR3DS1-Fc chimeric protein or anti–HLA-F Abs on exclusively gated KIR3DS1+ cells reduced the frequency of functional cells compared with that of unblocked conditions for stimulated KIR3DS1+ NK cells. Thus, ligation of KIR3DS1 activates primary NK cells for several antiviral functions.
Relationship between strategic planning and financial performance: The case of small, micro- and medium-scale businesses in the Buffalo City Metropolitan
Authors: Gomera Shingirai , Chinyamurindi Willie T. , Mishi Syden 
Published: May 2018

Background: Arguments are made for strategic planning as an important organisational capability used to realise a firm’s goals and objectives. Despite this, conflicting views appear to emerge from the extant literature over the link between strategic planning and financial performance. Notably, within a South African context, a few studies have been conducted ascertaining this relationship especially within small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs). Aim and setting: The study aimed to determine this relationship using survey responses from a sample of 225 respondents classified as owners or managers of SMMEs operating within theBuffalo City Metropolitan in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Method: Data were analysed through regression and correlation analysis. Results: Findings reveal strategic planning to have a positive relationship with the financial performance of the SMMEs. Furthermore, aspects of strategic planning (formulation, implementation, evaluation and control) were also found to have a positive relationship with financial performance. Conclusion: Suggestions for theory and practice are made based on these findings, including how the adoption and usage of strategic planning cannot only be an important organisational capability but also a basis for attaining a competitive advantage within the SMME.
A globalisation challenge: preventing a clash between the middle classes of the developed and emerging economies
Authors: Ortega Andrés , Otero-Iglesias Miguel , Steinberg Federico 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Tension is growing between the interests of part of the middle classes that are in decline in the mature economies and the rising ones in emerging markets. The aim of the public policies proposed in this paper is to impede such a clash by avoiding protectionism and de-globalisation, fostering inclusive technological innovation, compensating the losers of globalisation in developed economies and reassuring the winners in emerging economies. Furthermore, it argues that the G20 concept of ‘inclusive growth’ must overcome the challenges prompted by reduced inequalities between countries, growing inequality within countries and the disruptive impact that accompanies technological innovation.
Recordando el futuro, imaginando el pasado. La creación de escenarios como ejercicio ontológico
Authors: Gavris Mariana Ioana , Tirado Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2018

Acercarse desde las lecturas de biopolíticas clásicas, para observar discrepancias que plantea la escalada del uso de nuevas tecnologías digitales en la epidemiología, permite identificar mecanismos para analizar cómo surge la permeabilidad de la membrana de lo biótico. Las propuestas basadas en la noción de "escenarios" sugieren nuevas articulaciones de sujetos y tecnologías. La transposición de los escenarios de salud pública global (como diseños estratégicos) -diseñados en las últimas décadas- en los moldes digitales (epidemiología digital) nos plantea cuestionarnos sobre la emergencia de nuevas ontologías sobre la vida. Desde los estudios de ciencia y tecnología (más específicamente de la teoría Actor-Red), se propone en el presente artículo la necesidad de replantear las lecturas tecnocientíficas a partir de tres ejes: a. bios traspuesto en datos; b. heterotopías en salud entre virtual-real; y c. los nuevos actantes que articulan sujetos y subjetividades. El análisis se plantea a partir de la triangulación de diferentes fuentes (escenarios y artículos periodísticos vinculados epidemiología; entrevistas personales y grupos focales) para observar cómo se articulan los mecanismos principales de la nueva ontología en salud, donde se reconfiguran las relaciones en la conceptualización de las políticas de salud global.
Reinvenção guiada e o ensino de Matemática: um estudo das representações semióticas que emergem de uma atividade
Authors: Mendes Marcele Tavares , Silva Karina Alessandra Pessoa da 
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa na qual investigamos as representações semióticas para os objetos matemáticos em uma atividade desenvolvida segundo a estratégia de ensino da reinvenção guiada. A pesquisa está fundamentada nos pressupostos teóricos da Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Raymond Duval e nos princípios da
abordagem de ensino da Educação Matemática Realística. As nossas reflexões são subsidiadas pela análise da produção escrita de professores em formação em um curso de curta duração. Por meio das representações que emergiram de uma atividade desenvolvida no âmbito do curso, pudemos inferir que o contato com diferentes representações semióticas possibilita sua complementação e a compreensão dos objetos matemáticos.
Fuzzy Linear Automata and Some Equivalences
Authors: Costa Valdigleis S. , Bedregal Benjamin 
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we present two new normal forms for fuzzy linear grammars that preserving language. In addition, we introduce two new classes of fuzzy machines, Fuzzy Linear Automata (FLA) and Fuzzy Nondeterministic 2-Tape Automata (2-FNA), we show the equivalence between them and also show that the class of fuzzy languages recognized by these machines is exactly the class of fuzzy linear languages, i.e., FLA and 2-DNA are recognized machines for class of fuzzy linear languages.
Effects of mineral and organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon fractions in agricultural chestnut soil
Authors: D Enkhtuya , D Tuul , T Munkhtsetseg 
Published: May 2018

Soil organic matter can be analyzed on the basis of the different fractions. Changes in the levels of organic matter, caused by land use, can be better understood by alterations in the different fractions. Therefore in order to discover tendency of soil fertility sustainability it is significant to research on stable and labile form fractions of soil organic carbon by advanced methodology and modern technique. Our research work aimedto evaluate the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the labile and stable organic carbon of the chestnut soil in Mongolia. The soils samples used in this study we collected from variants of mineral (N60P40K40), organic (biohumus 1t / hec.) Fertilizer and their combination of the Long-term fertilizers experiments of Plant and Agriculture Institute Changes in soil organic C by land use for agricultural purposes occurred mainly in the fraction of particulate organic matter (> 20 μm). The clay and silt fractions were quatified with a Mastersizer S after distruction organic substances and carbonates using H2O2 and HCI and the sand fraction was determined by wet sieving. According to our research, the stable form of organic carbon in chestnut soil is 39, 0-40,1% of the total fine particle size and 59, 9-61,0% of the active form fraction. On the other hand, variants with fertilizer tend to have increased stabile composition of soil organic carbon. It indicates that soil fertility protection and increased stability are possible in the country’s agricultural technology if use mineral and organic fertilizers.
Un nuevo parlamento fragmentado para los 40 años de la Constitución
Authors: García-Escudero Márquez Piedad 
Published: May 2018

Resumen:Próxima la celebración de los cuarenta años de la aprobación de la Constitución, el fin del cuasibipartidismo ha generado un Congreso de los Diputados de composición fragmentada, en la que el Gobierno no cuenta con una mayoría suficiente para gobernar, lo que se refleja no sólo en el funcionamiento, sino también en el desempeño de las funciones constitucionales de las Cortes Generales. Este artículo estudia algunas cuestiones suscitadas en los primeros períodos de la XII legislatura iniciada a fines de 2016, como ejemplos que muestran las fuertes diferencias con el Parlamento conocido hasta ahora, pues se plantean cuestiones inéditas que reclaman a veces nuevas soluciones, no contenidas en la Constitución nien los Reglamentos de las Cámaras. Si no se logra un equilibrio entre un Gobierno que se deje controlar y un Parlamento que permita gobernar, se produce la paralización política propia de un Gobierno en minoría, que noconduce sino a una disolución anticipada.Abstract:Approaching forty years of the Spanish Constitution, the two-party system has been replaced in the Congress of Deputies by a fragmented composition so that the Government does not possess a sufficient majority, which upsets not only the modus operandi, but even the performance of the constitutional functions of the Spanish Parliament. This essay analyses some issues that have arisen in the current term since the last elections, as examples that show the strong differences with the Parliament known till now. Unprecedented questions require sometimes solutions not foreseen in the Constitution or the Rules of Procedure. If a balance is not achieved between a Government that allows to be controlled and a Parliament that allows to rule, comes the standstill of a minority Government, which will probably lead to an early dissolution.Summary:I. Introduction. II. The end of the two-party system does not only affect the composition of the plenary and commissions. III. Legislative function: can a Government rule without law-making? IV. Budgetary function: difficulties to approve the budget. V. Supervisory power. Government accountability. VI. Nomination power. VII. Foreign policy. VIII. Conclusion: can a Government rule with a fragmented parliament?