bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Comment: Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India: The Indian Supreme Court’s Decriminalization of Same-Sex Relations
Authors: Bhatia Gautam 
Published: October 2019

The Indian Supreme Court’s judgment in Navtej Singh Johar, delivered in September 2018, decriminalizing same-sex relations in India, generated a storm of discussion and debate, in both India and in the world beyond. Apart from its clear and sharp verdict that held that the Indian Constitution protected the rights of the LGBTQ+ community, the decision was also noteworthy because it reversed the Court’s own prior judgment, delivered a mere five years before (in 2013), that had upheld the constitutional validity of the law that penalized same-sex relations.
In this case comment, we set out the chronology of judicial decisions that led to the final judgment in Navtej Singh Johar: the judgment of the High Court of Delhi in 2009, which first decriminalized same-sex relations, the 2013 judgment of the Indian Supreme Court that reversed it, and the various judicial proceedings that continued to rumble on in the Court—an additional round known as the ‘curative hearing’, and separate litigation on the constitutional status of the right to privacy. Within this context, the paper then discusses the multiple opinions that were delivered by the Bench in Navtej Singh Johar, and examines the reasons on the basis of which the Court held that Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code—insofar as it criminalized same-sex relations between consenting adults—violated the fundamental rights to equality, nondiscrimination, freedom of expression, and life and personal liberty, guaranteed by the Constitution of India. The article will conclude by setting out some possibilities for the way forward, in light of the judgment.
The Nomadic Sense of Law in an International Constitutionalism
Authors: Conklin William E. 
Published: October 2019

This article examines the place of Nomadic peoples in an international constitutionalism. The article claims that an important element of a Nomadic culture is its sense of law. Such a sense of law differs from a constitutionalism which has privileged fundamental principles aimed to constrain acts of the executive arm of the State. Such a constitutionalism is shared by many contemporary domestic legal orders. Public international law also takes such a constitutionalism for granted. In the focus upon rules to constrain the executive arm of the State, the sense of law in Nomadic communities has slipped through arguments which the jurist might consider inclusive of the protection of such communities. This problem is nested in a legacy which has weighted down the history of European legal thought.
The article initially identifies three forms of nomadism. The social phenomenon of nomadism has been the object of juristic commentary since the Greeks and Romans. The image of Nomadic peoples in such a legacy has imagined Nomadic peoples as lawless although the article argues that a sense of law has existed in such communities. Such a sense of law contradicts a State-centric international legal order. Public international law has reserved a special legal space relating to Nomadic peoples. The article identifies four arguments which might be rendered to protect Nomadic peoples in such a State-centric international community. Problems are raised with each such argument
Learning thresholds for early career occupational therapists: A grounded theory of learning-to-practise
Authors: Murray Carolyn M , Edwards Ian , Jones Mark , Turpin Merrill 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Early career occupational therapists experience considerable learning. This research sought to develop a theory of how they learn once practising. Method The research employed a constructivist grounded theory methodology. Interviews were conducted with 20 participants who were either experienced ( n = 8), early career occupational therapists ( n = 10) or in supporting roles for early career occupational therapists ( n = 2). Participants were asked their views about what early career occupational therapists find troublesome and how they respond. Data were collected and analysed concurrently. Open, focused and theoretical coding were used to develop a theory. Findings The theory of learning-to-practise occupational therapy included four learning thresholds: consolidating professional reasoning; navigating into the workplace; building competence and confidence; and developing a personal theory and practise style. There were 11 strategies identified that early career occupational therapists use to cross the learning thresholds. Early career occupational therapists’ understanding and value of knowledge shifted, which culminated in them ‘realising’ their personal theory and practice style. They refined their values and beliefs and learned to be more deliberate and reflective in their thinking and actions. Conclusion Early career occupational therapists were challenged, which promoted learning. This research extends understanding of the learning needs, thinking and actions taken by early career occupational therapists to cross learning thresholds and to develop their personal theory and practice style.
Borderline personality disorder and violence
Authors: Sarkar Jaydip 
Published: October 2019

Objective: This paper aims to provide a selective review of the co-occurrence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and violence, a much less explored aspect of aggression with this cohort. Conclusions: Violence in BPD patients is expressed particularly towards intimate partners and known persons, usually in the homes of perpetrators. Anger, impulsivity and avoiding abandonment are traits associated with violence while suicidal behaviour, identity disturbance and affective instability are not. These patients are disproportionately found in higher levels of secure care although most violence occurs in the community. In males it is more likely driven by substance use, often at transition from adolescence to adulthood, while more severe borderline pathology is implicated in women. Early identification of an at-risk cohort is recommended with development of collaborative safety plans with patients that include identification of a ‘risk signature’ that guides risk management. A multi-modal approach using risk management protocols with availability of contingency plans within a multi-agency forum in a local context is recommended.
Marked Variation Exists Among Surgeons and Hospitals in the Use of Secondary Cleft Lip Surgery
Authors: Sitzman Thomas J. , Carle Adam C. , Lundberg Jaclyn N. , Heaton Pamela C. , Helmrath Michael A. , Trotman Carroll-Ann , Britto Maria T. 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To identify child-, surgeon-, and hospital-specific factors at the time of primary cleft lip repair that are associated with the use of secondary cleft lip surgery. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Forty-nine pediatric hospitals. Participants: Children who underwent cleft lip repair between 1999 and 2015. Main outcome measure: Time from primary cleft lip repair to secondary lip surgery. Results: By 5 years after primary lip repair, 24.0% of children had undergone a secondary lip surgery. In multivariable analysis, primary lip repair before 3 months had a 1.22-fold increased hazard of secondary surgery (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.46) compared to repair at 7 to 12 months of age, and children with multiple congenital anomalies had a 0.77-fold decreased hazard of secondary surgery (95% CI: 0.68-0.87). After adjusting for cleft type, age at repair, presence of multiple congenital anomalies, and procedure volume, there remained substantial variation in secondary surgery use among surgeons and hospitals ( P < .01). For children with unilateral cleft lip repaired at 3 to 6 months of age, the predicted proportion of children undergoing secondary surgery within 5 years of primary repair ranged from 4.9% to 21.8% across surgeons and from 4.5% to 24.7% across hospitals. Conclusions: There are substantial differences among surgeons and hospitals in the rates of secondary lip surgery. Further work is needed to identify causes for this variation among providers.
What evidence exists for myofunctional therapy with prefabricated appliances? A systematic review with meta-analyses of randomised trials
Authors: Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Koletsi Despina , Eliades Theodore 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To assess the treatment efficacy/efficiency with prefabricated myofunctional appliances (PMA) for children with malocclusion. Data sources: Nine databases searched without limitations till July 2019. Data selection: Randomised trials comparing PMAs to functional appliance treatment or no treatment. Data extraction: Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were done in duplicate. Data synthesis: Random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) or relative risks (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted on seven publications (three published and one unpublished trials; 232 patients; 53% male; mean age 10.2 years). Compared to no treatment, one trial indicated that PMAs were somewhat effective in reducing overjet (MD −2.4; 95% CI −3.3 to −1.5), reducing overbite (MD −2.5; 95% CI −3.2 to −1.8), reducing mandibular crowding (RR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.8) and establishing Class I canine relationship (RR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.1–4.9). However, compared to custom-made functional appliances, three trials indicated that PMAs were less effective in reducing the ANB angle (MD 0.9; 95% CI 0.5–1.4), increasing mandibular ramus length (MD −2.2; 95% CI −2.9 to −1.51), reducing overjet (MD 1.5; 95% CI 0.9–2.1), establishing a solid Class I molar relationship (RR 0.3; 95% CI 0.2–0.7), reducing the nasolabial angle (MD 5.8; 95% CI 0.8–10.8) and reducing facial convexity (MD −2.6; 95% CI −4.3 to −0.9). Finally, the quality of evidence was moderate to low due to risk of bias. Conclusions: PMAs are more effective in reducing overjet, overbite, mandibular crowding and establishing Class I canine relationship than no treatment. However, compared to custom-made functional appliances, PMAs are less effective in producing dental, skeletal or soft-tissue changes, even though they are less costly.
Polymer leak with the Ovation Abdominal Stent Graft System: Early recognition and treatment
Authors: Gupta Navyash , Hynes Karen L , Mahrouyan Omeed , Briggs Charles S , Azzizadeh Ali 
Published: October 2019

Objective Endovascular aneurysm repair can be performed using multiple commercially available stent graft systems, each with their own unique design features and potential complications. This study evaluated the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of patients who developed an anaphylactic reaction following systemic exposure to the polymer used with the Ovation Abdominal Stent Graft System (Endologix Inc., Irvine, CA). Methods We reviewed all reports related to polymer leak with the device received by the manufacturer (formerly known as TriVascular, Santa Rosa, CA). Patients who developed an anaphylactic or hypersensitivity reaction were evaluated for root cause. The manufacturer was contacted to assemble all available data and outcomes related to the case reports. Results Between November 2009 and August 2016, polymer leak was reported in 26 patients (mean age, 77, range 61–100 years) from approximately 10,000 device implants (reported incidence, 0.26%). Symptoms occurred in 24 patients, with hypotension being the primary symptom. Treatment was in accordance for an anaphylactic reaction. There were no deaths, and the aneurysm sac remained unexcluded in three patients at the end of the case. Of these, one patient underwent successful endovascular re-intervention, one was converted to open surgical repair and one patient continued to be monitored. Factors that appear to contribute to the risk of polymer leak include initial manufacturing process for the device, excessive graft manipulation, early ballooning prior to complete polymer cure and lower body temperature, which can slow the polymer cure rate. Conclusion Although polymer leak and anaphylaxis appear to be an infrequent event associated with use of the Ovation graft, awareness of this complication and prompt recognition can allow for timely treatment. Returning the patient to hemodynamic stability can allow for completion of the procedure and successful exclusion of the aneurysm sac.
The prevalence and impact of depression and anxiety in cardiac rehabilitation: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Rao A , Zecchin R , Newton PJ , Phillips JL , DiGiacomo M , Denniss AR , Hickman LD 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundCo-morbid depression and anxiety symptoms are frequently under-recognised and under-treated in heart disease and this negatively impacts self-management.AimsThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, correlates and predictors of depression and anxiety in cardiac rehabilitation programmes, the impact of cardiac rehabilitation on moderate depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, and the relationship between moderate depression, anxiety and stress symptoms and cardiac rehabilitation adherence.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 5908 patients entering cardiac rehabilitation programmes from 2006–2017, across two Sydney metropolitan teaching hospitals. Variables included demographics, diagnoses, cardiovascular risk factors, medication use, participation rates, health status (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36) and psychological health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) subscale scores.ResultsModerate depression, anxiety or stress symptoms were prevalent in 18%, 28% and 13% of adults entering cardiac rehabilitation programmes, respectively. Adults with moderate depression (24% vs 13%), anxiety (32% vs 23%) or stress (18% vs 10%) symptoms were significantly less likely to adhere to cardiac rehabilitation compared with those with normal-mild symptoms ( p < 0.001). Anxiety (odds ratio 4.395, 95% confidence interval 3.363–5.744, p < 0.001) and stress (odds ratio 4.527, 95% confidence interval 3.315–6.181, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of depression. Depression (odds ratio 3.167, 95% confidence interval 2.411–4.161) and stress (odds ratio 5.577, 95% confidence interval 4.006–7.765, p < 0.001) increased the risk of anxiety on entry by more than three times, above socio-demographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, diagnoses and quality of life.ConclusionMonitoring depression and anxiety symptoms on entry and during cardiac rehabilitation can assist to improve adherence and may identify the need for additional psychological health support. Exploring the relevance and use of adjunct psychological support strategies within cardiac rehabilitation programmes is warranted.
Risk prediction of maternal cardiovascular disease one year after hypertensive pregnancy complications or gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Moe Kjartan , Sugulle Meryam , Dechend Ralf , Staff Anne Cathrine 
Published: October 2019

Background Previous preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus show a firm epidemiological association to maternal cardiovascular disease risk. Cardiovascular disease risk assessment is recommended in women after these pregnancy complications, but not offered in most countries. We therefore wanted to evaluate the applicability of currently recommended cardiovascular disease risk scores for women one-year postpartum of such pregnancy complications. Design and methods We tested applicability of three scoring systems, the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) score, the Joint British Societies for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (JBS3) score and Framingham 30 year Risk Score-Cardiovascular Disease (FRS-CVD) in 235 women one-year postpartum (controls: 94, gestational hypertension: 35, preeclampsia: 81, gestational diabetes mellitus: 25). Statistical analysis was performed with Mann–Whitney U test for continuous and Fisher’s mid-corrected p and Pearson’s r for dichotomous variables. A value of p < 0.050 was considered significant. Results Most women (87.7%) were below 40 years of age, rendering 10-year risk estimations recommended by American and European societies inapplicable. FRS-CVD could be assessed in all women. Significantly fewer could be assessed by the ASCVD (81.5%) and JBS3 (91.6%). All scoring systems showed small, but significant increases in risk scores for one or more of the pregnancy complication groups, but none at the risk magnitude for cardiovascular disease shown in epidemiological studies. Conclusion We demonstrate that ASCVD, JBS3 and FRS-CVD are inadequate in assessing cardiovascular disease risk one-year postpartum. We suggest that pregnancy complications need to be considered separately when evaluating maternal cardiovascular disease risk and need for postpartum follow-up.
Feline coronavirus-associated myocarditis in a domestic longhair cat
Authors: Ernandes Maria A , Cantoni Anna M , Armando Federico , Corradi Attilio , Ressel Lorenzo , Tamborini Alice 
Published: October 2019

Case summary A 9-month-old entire male domestic longhair indoor cat presented with a 3-week history of fluctuating fever, weight loss and small intestine diarrhoea, which was unresponsive to antibiotics and supportive treatment. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe jejunal and ileocolic junction intestinal wall thickening with loss of layering. An enterectomy was performed and histopathology revealed severe pyogranulomatous enteritis with vasculitits, compatible with the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Four days after surgery, the cat re-presented with anorexia and acute onset of expiratory dyspnoea. Echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy and bilateral atrial enlargement. Congestive heart failure caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was suspected and treatment with furosemide was started, which led to amelioration of the clinical signs. The following day, four-limb ataxia, hypermetria and bilateral uveitis were evident. Given the persistent anorexia and worsening of the clinical signs, the cat was humanely euthanized and a post-mortem examination was performed. Necropsy revealed multifocal pyogranulomatous lesions involving multiple organs (adrenal glands, kidneys, lungs, brain, myocardium, lymph nodes, liver), compatible with the diagnosis of FIP. Immunohistochemistry performed on the myocardium revealed feline coronavirus-positive macrophages associated with pyogranulomatous lesions, justifying a diagnosis of feline coronavirus-associated myocarditis. Relevance and novel information To the authors’ knowledge, the case described here represents the first published report of feline coronavirus-associated myocarditis. This should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in cats presenting with cardiac-related signs and other clinical signs compatible with FIP.
The Implications of Paraspinal Muscle Atrophy in Low Back Pain, Thoracolumbar Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes After Spine Surgery: A Review of the Literature
Authors: He Kevin , Head Jeffery , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Hines Kevin , Shea Phelan , Schmidt Richard , Hoelscher Christian , Stricsek Geoffrey , Harrop James , Sharan Ashwini 
Published: October 2019

Study Design: Literature review. Objectives: Paraspinal muscle integrity is believed to play a critical role in low back pain (LBP) and numerous spinal deformity diseases and other pain pathologies. The influence of paraspinal muscle atrophy (PMA) on the clinical and radiographic success of spinal surgery has not been established. We aim to survey the literature in order to evaluate the impact of paraspinal muscle atrophy on low back pain, spine pathologies, and postoperative outcomes of spinal surgery. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using a total of 267 articles identified from a search of the PubMed database and additional resources. A full-text review was conducted of 180 articles, which were assessed based on criteria that included an objective assessment of PMA in addition to measuring its relationship to LBP, thoracolumbar pathology, or surgical outcomes. Results: A total of 34 studies were included in this review. The literature on PMA illustrates an association between LBP and both decreased cross-sectional area and increased fatty infiltration of paraspinal musculature. Atrophy of the erector spinae and psoas muscles have been associated with spinal stenosis, isthmic spondylolisthesis, facet arthropathy, degenerative lumbar kyphosis. A number of studies have also demonstrated an association between PMA and worse postoperative outcomes. Conclusions: PMA is linked to several spinal pathologies and some studies demonstrate an association with worse postoperative outcomes following spinal surgery. There is a need for further research to establish a relationship between preoperative paraspinal muscle integrity and postoperative success, with the potential for guiding surgical decision making.
Prevalence of MRI Shoulder Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Professional and Collegiate Ice Hockey Athletes
Authors: Hacken Brittney , Onks Cayce , Flemming Donald , Mosher Timothy , Silvis Matthew , Black Kevin , Stuck Dan , Dhawan Aman 
Published: October 2019

Background: The literature demonstrates a high prevalence of asymptomatic knee and hip findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in athletes. Baseball pitchers are shown to have a high prevalence of asymptomatic shoulder MRI findings, but the incidence of asymptomatic shoulder MRI findings has not been systematically evaluated in nonthrowing contact athletes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of shoulder abnormalities in asymptomatic professional and collegiate hockey players. We hypothesized that, similar to overhead throwing athletes, ice hockey players will have a high prevalence of asymptomatic MRI findings, including labral, acromioclavicular (AC), and rotator cuff pathology on MRI. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 25 asymptomatic collegiate and professional hockey players (50 shoulders) with no history of missed games or practice because of shoulder injury, pain, or dysfunction underwent bilateral shoulder noncontrast 3.0-T MRI. MRIs were read blinded by 2 board-certified radiologists at 2 separate time points, 3 months apart, to determine the prevalence of abnormalities of the joint fluid, bone marrow, rotator cuff tendon, biceps tendon, labrum, AC joint, and glenohumeral joint. Interrater and intrareader reliability was determined, and regression analysis was performed to identify the prevalence and relationship to stick-hand dominance. Results: Labral abnormalities were seen in 25% of the shoulders. AC joint abnormalities and rotator cuff findings were noted in 8% and 6% of shoulders, respectively. One shoulder was noted to have a biceps tendon abnormality, and 1 shoulder demonstrated glenohumeral joint chondral findings. Interrater reliability coefficients were 0.619 for labral abnormalities. Intrareader reliability kappa coefficients were 0.493 and 0.718 for both readers, respectively, for labral abnormalities. Regression analysis was performed and revealed that the overall shoulder pathology was more common in the nondominant stick hand (top stick hand) (coefficient –0.731; P = .021). Conclusion: Professional and collegiate ice hockey players had an overall prevalence of labral abnormalities in 25% of their shoulders, with findings more often found in the nondominant stick hand. Rotator cuff abnormalities were uncommon in ice hockey players. These findings differ significantly from published reports examining professional baseball players and other overhead sports athletes.