bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFN‐γ stimulates CpG‐induced IL‐10 production in B cells via p38 and JNK signalling pathways
Authors: Imbrechts Maya , De Samblancx Karen , Fierens Karlien , Brisse Ellen , Vandenhaute Jessica , Mitera Tania , Libert Claude , Smets Ide , Goris An , Wouters Carine , Matthys Patrick 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe production of IL‐10, a potent immunosuppressive cytokine, must be strictly regulated to ensure a balanced immune response. IFN‐γ, a key cytokine in multiple immune processes and pathologies, is known as an inhibitor of IL‐10 production by monocytes and macrophages, but also has some regulatory functions. In the present study, we explored the role of IFN‐γ on Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐induced IL‐10 production in murine peritoneal and spleen cells and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IFN‐γ inhibited IL‐10 production induced by TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists, but stimulated IL‐10 production when cells were triggered with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, a specific TLR9 agonist. The stimulatory effect of IFN‐γ on TLR9‐induced IL‐10 was restricted to B cells. In line with the increased IL‐10, B cells stimulated with CpG and IFN‐γ profoundly inhibited CD4 T cell proliferation. Further research into the mechanisms involved, revealed that the mitogen‐activated protein kinases p38 and JNK are essential players in this stimulatory effect, and that the phosphatase MKP1 – an inhibitor of p38 and JNK activity – is downregulated after combined stimulation with IFN‐γ and CpG. Our data may represent a novel immunoregulatory role of IFN‐γ in B cells after triggering of TLR9, by stimulating IL‐10 production.
Polymorphism and Kinetic Behavior of Binary Mixtures of Trisaturated Triacylglycerols Containing Palmitic and Stearic Acid Under Non‐Isothermal Conditions
Authors: Bhaggan Krishnadath , Smith Kevin W. , Blecker Christophe , Danthine Sabine 
Published: July 2018

The kinetic phase behavior and phase transformation paths of pure tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP), 1‐palmitoyl‐2,3‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycerol (PSS), and 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐stearoyl‐sn‐glycerol (PSP) and binary mixtures thereof, are investigated at 10.0 °C min−1 (fast cooling) and 1.0 °C min−1 (slow cooling) cooling rates, and further re‐heating at 5.0 and 1.0 °C min−1. Mixtures are studied in terms of polymorphism, crystallization, and melting behavior. Kinetic phase diagrams are determined from DSC heating thermograms and XRD data. Independent of the cooling rate, most samples crystallized in the α‐polymorph and transformed into the more stable β′‐form via melt‐mediated crystallization or direct recrystallization from the α‐phase. Samples containing a high amount of PSP crystallized in the β′‐form at slow cooling rate and samples containing high PPP concentration ultimately transform to the most stable β‐form. The kinetic phase diagram of PPP‐PSS mixtures present an apparently typical eutectic behavior with a eutectic point at XPSS = 0.3, when the samples are melted at the higher heating rate, which shifts to higher concentration, XPSS = 0.5, when the lower heating rate is applied. The eutectic temperature (58.4 ± 0.3 °C) is independent of the cooling and heating rates used. The kinetic phase diagram of PSS‐PSP mixtures display two types of behaviors, a probable monotectic behavior in the most stable phase and a eutectic behavior in the meta‐stable phase when the samples are melted at higher heating rate. This study shows that PSS has a strong effect on the physical properties of PPP‐PSS blends and affects a large part of the phase behavior of this binary system. At lower PSS concentrations, the mixtures transform to the most stable β form, but at increasing PSS concentration, the samples stabilize in the β′‐phase. In the PSS‐PSP binary systems, all the mixtures stabilize in the β′‐phase, which is preferred in many food applications since it is associated with a smooth texture.Practical Applications: This research extends a previous study on the phase behavior of the most common trisaturated triacylglycerols and the results are useful for the food industry as they can help in understanding the functionality of hard fat based structuring agents in end applications, and in developing new triacylglycerol based crystallization and structuring agent for specific food applications.The kinetic phase behavior of trisaturated triacylglycerol containing stearic and palmitic acid were studied under three sets of conditions. The binary systems showed different behaviors at the conditions studied. An apparent eutectic phase behavior was obtained for mixtures containing mono‐acid and symmetric triacylglycerols. However, the samples containing asymmetric triacylglycerols showed a probable monotectic phase behavior in the most stable β′1‐phase.
Hexane‐Free Green Solvent Extraction of Canola Oil From Microwave‐Pretreated Seeds and of Antioxidant‐Rich Byproducts
Authors: Sánchez Ramiro J. , Fernández María B. , Nolasco Susana M. 
Published: July 2018

The ethanol extraction from microwave‐pretreated and untreated canola seeds is studied. Two process are used to obtain the oil: in a control process (P1), the solvent‐free total extract (E) is washed with hexane, obtaining an oil fraction (OF). The second process (P2) consists of the partial evaporation of the solvent of the total extract (E), cooling, centrifugation, and separation by decantation of the generated phases: oil‐rich phase (OF + Ethanol), solvent‐rich phase (EthF + Ethanol), and solid phase (SF); and then evaporating the solvent to obtain OF and an extract of soluble in the phase rich in ethanol (EthF). No significant differences due to microwaves are detected in the yields. P2 gave mean yields of 32.8%db of OF, lower than obtained with P1 (42.1%db), 4.2%db of precipitated solids, and 7.7%db of EthF, which present a mean content of hexane‐solubles of 5.1%db. However, the quality analysis shows a smaller oxidative damage and an increase in canolol content due to the microwaves. P2 also generates an antioxidant‐rich byproduct, allowing to recover the canolol prior to a refining stage of the oil.Practical Applications: The use of organic solvents for the extraction of vegetable oils have some disadvantages, such as health and safety problems. At the same time, ethanol has begun to be studied as an alternative solvent due to its lower production costs than other alternative solvents, and to the fact that it is recognized as a “bio‐renewable” solvent. Numerous studies have shown the extraction of oil and impurities obtained with ethanol. However, no method have been developed for obtaining an insoluble‐free canola oil from the extract obtained with ethanol without using hexane. In addition, a favorable effect of the canolol content pretreated with microwaves in the canola oil is reported, nevertheless, the canolol is eliminated during the refining stage of the crude oil. The hexane‐free development process allows to obtain canola oil and an antioxidant‐rich byproduct, allowing to recover the canolol prior to a refining stage of the oil.Green solvent (ethanol) extraction from microwave‐pretreated canola seeds and a hexane‐free separation process is developed. The results show a high yield of canola oil and the production of an antioxidant‐rich byproduct.
Fat Crystallite Thickness Distribution Based on SAXD Peak Shape Analysis
Authors: den Adel Ruud , van Malssen Kees , van Duynhoven John , Mykhaylyk Oleksandr O. , Voda Adrian 
Published: July 2018

Understanding of the multiscale structuring capability of triacylglycerols (TAGs) can be enhanced through knowledge of the crystallite thickness distribution (CTD), which can be obtained through X‐ray diffraction peak shape analysis. The Fourier‐transformation‐based Bertaut–Warren–Averbach (BWA) method provides an approach to resolve CTDs in TAGs, where molecules are packed in repeating layers. The feasibility of using the BWA method is demonstrated for small angle X‐ray diffraction (SAXD) measurements on both laboratory equipment and a synchrotron beamline for model TAG systems and real food products such as margarines.Practical Applications: The CTDs enable discrimination of margarines produced by different processing routes and may be used as a signature of network structures that underlie product texture.Understanding of the multiscale structuring capability of triacylglycerols (TAGs) can be enhanced through knowledge of the crystallite thickness distribution (CTD), which can be obtained through X‐ray diffraction peak shape analysis. The Fourier‐transformation‐basedBertaut‐Warren‐Averbach (BWA) method provides an approach to resolve CTDs in TAGs, where molecules are packed in repeating layers. The feasibility of using the BWA method is demonstrated for small angle X‐ray diffraction (SAXD) measurements on both laboratory equipment and a synchrotron beamline for model TAG systems and real food products such as margarines.
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of five chlorophenols in water samples followed by determination using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Gao Fangfang , Lu Wenhui , Liu Huitao , Li Jinhua , Chen Lingxin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with CE was developed for simultaneous determination of five types of chlorophenols (CPs), namely 2‐chlorophenol (2‐CP), 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP), 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP), 2,6‐dichlorophenol (2,6‐DCP), and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP) in water samples. Several parameters affecting DLLME and CE conditions were systematically investigated. Under the optimized DLLME‐CE conditions, the five CPs were separated completely within 7.5 min and good enrichment factors were obtained of 40, 193, 102, 15, and 107 for 4‐CP, 2,4,6‐TCP, 2,4‐DCP, 2‐CP, and 2,6‐DCP, respectively. Good linearity was attained in the range of 1–200 μg/L for 2,4,6‐TCP, 2,4‐DCP, 2−300 μg/L for 4‐CP and 2‐CP, and 1−300 μg/L for 2,6‐DCP, with correlation coefficients (r) over 0.99. The LOD (S/N = 3) and the LOQ (S/N = 10) were 0.31−0.75 μg/L and 1.01−2.43 μg/L, respectively. Recoveries ranging from 60.85 to 112.36% were obtained with tap, lake, and river water spiked at three concentration levels and the RSDs (for n = 3) were 1.31–11.38%. With the characteristics of simplicity, cost‐saving, and environmental friendliness, the developed DLLME‐CE method proved to be potentially applicable for the rapid, sensitive, and simultaneous determination of trace CPs in complicated water samples.
The poly‐log Weibull model applied to space‐time interpolation of temperature
Authors: Mota A. L. , De Lima M. S. , Demarqui F. N. , Duczmal L. H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a multivariate log‐Weibull model for spatially dependent data is defined by marginalizing a conditional Pareto distribution with respect to a shared spatial random effect of alpha‐stable distributions. Some properties of this new model are derived, and procedures for the estimation and inference are discussed. An application is developed to study observed temperature data sets collected from weather stations in the Brazilian Amazon.
Food addiction among men and women in India
Authors: Wiedemann Ashley A. , Lawson Jessica L. , Cunningham Paige M. , Khalvati Kathryn M. , Lydecker Janet A. , Ivezaj Valentina , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to address a cultural gap in the food addiction (FA) literature by examining FA and associated clinical features in a nonclinical group of men and women residing in India.MethodParticipants (N = 415) were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to complete an online survey about weight and eating. Participants completed self‐report measures assessing FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS]), eating‐disorder psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire [EDE‐Q]), health‐related quality of life (Short Form Health Survey—12‐item version [SF‐12]), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐2).ResultsThe FA symptom mean was 3.53 (SD = 1.90); 32.5% (n = 129) met FA clinical threshold on the YFAS. Groups categorized with and without FA on the YFAS did not differ significantly in sex or body mass index. YFAS scores were significantly correlated with greater frequency of binge eating, higher severity scores on all EDE‐Q subscales, higher depression, and poorer functioning scores on the SF‐12 (all ps < 0.05).ConclusionsFA, as conceptualized and measured by the YFAS, appears to be common among individuals residing in India.
Smartphone‐based cognitive bias modification training improves healthy food choice in obesity: A pilot study
Authors: Kakoschke Naomi , Hawker Chloe , Castine Ben , de Courten Barbora , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObesity is partly driven by unhealthy food choices underpinned by cognitive biases, including approach bias (a tendency to move towards food cues) and delay discounting (a preference for immediate rewards). Cognitive training strategies aimed at modifying these biases, namely, approach–avoidance training (AAT) and episodic future thinking (EFT), may improve food choice. This pilot randomised trial examined the effect of these two trainings, delivered daily for 1 week via smartphone apps, on approach bias for healthy/unhealthy foods, delay discounting for money/food, and hypothetical food choice. Sixty overweight/obese participants (18–45 years) were randomly allocated to AAT, EFT, or control. Outcomes were measured at pretraining, posttraining, and 6‐week follow‐up. AAT reduced approach bias for unhealthy food and increased healthy food choice. However, EFT did not affect delay discounting or food choice. We conclude that AAT is useful for improving food choice in obesity and that smartphones are a feasible, engaging way to deliver training.
Influence of soil porewater properties on the fate and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Schultz Carolin L. , Lahive Elma , Lawlor Alan , Crossley Alison , Puntes Victor , Unrine Jason M. , Svendsen Claus , Spurgeon David J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) entering the environment are subject to various transformations that in turn influence how particles are presented to, and taken up by, organisms. To understand the effect of soil properties on the toxicity of nanosilver to Caenorhabditis elegans, toxicity assays were performed in porewater extracts from natural soils with varying organic matter content and pH using 3–8 nm unfunctionalized silver (Ag 3–8Unf), 52-nm polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag NPs (Ag 52PVP), and AgNO3 as ionic Ag. Effects on NP agglomeration and stability were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4); Ag+ showed greater overall toxicity than nanosilver, with little difference between the NP types. Increasing soil organic matter content significantly decreased the toxicity of Ag 3–8Unf, whereas it increased that of AgNO3. The toxicity of all Ag treatments significantly decreased with increasing porewater pH. Dissolution of both NPs in the porewater extracts was too low to have contributed to their observed toxic effects. The UV-vis spectroscopy revealed low levels of agglomeration/aggregation independent of soil properties for Ag 3–8Unf, whereas higher organic matter as well as low pH appeared to stabilize Ag 52PVP. Overall, both soil organic matter content and pH affected NP fate as well as toxicity to C. elegans; however, there appears to be no clear connection between the measured particle characteristics and their effect. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2609–2618. © 2018 SETAC
Abstract
Soil properties have different effects on the toxicity of different silver forms.
Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions
Authors: Shayea Ibraheem , Abd. Rahman Tharek , Hadri Azmi Marwan , Arsad Arsany 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMillimeter waves (mm‐waves) within frequency bands of 10 to 86 GHz will be used for both microwave and access link fifth‐generation (5G) systems. Thus, it is very important to investigate these bands to ensure reliability when 5G is applied in tropical regions like Malaysia in the coming few years. One of the major obstacles facing the propagation of mm‐waves in tropical regions is the rain attenuation. Rainfall results in the absorption, scattering, and diffraction of radio waves. This contributes to increased transmission losses and a reduction in the received signal levels. The effect is more severe in tropical regions that are characterized by intense heavy rainfall and large raindrop sizes. This paper provides a general overview on rain attenuation of mm‐wave bands. It highlights the nature of rain in tropical regions and its effects on the propagation of mm‐waves. It also reports the latest measurement studies focused on rain attenuation in mm‐wave frequency bands and the prediction methods used to estimate rain attenuation in mm‐waves. It contributes to the understanding of channel behavior and the characterization of mm‐wave bands during rainfall in tropical regions, especially in Malaysia. This study further strives to determine research gaps in this field as well as the future work and various propagation measurement systems that can be used to conduct real measurements and to develop prediction models for rain attenuation in mm‐waves for 5G systems. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the rain rate and rain attenuation on the basis of real measurement data conducted in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at Skudai Campus, Malaysia. The analyzed results indicated that the rain attenuation at 38 GHz is critical and it can result in 18.4 dB/km as specific rain attenuation at 0.01% percentage of the time.
Framework for life cycle assessment of livestock production systems to account for the nutritional quality of final products
Authors: McAuliffe Graham A. , Takahashi Taro , Lee Michael R. F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is widely regarded as a useful tool for comparing the environmental impacts of multiple livestock production systems. While LCA results are typically communicated in the form of environmental burdens per mass unit of the end product, it is increasingly becoming recognized that the product quality also needs to be accounted for to truly understand the value of a farming system to society. To date, a number of studies have examined environmental consequences of different food consumption patterns at the diet level; however, few have addressed nutritional variations of a single commodity attributable to production systems, leaving limited insight into how on‐farm practices can be improved to better balance environment and human nutrition. Using data from seven livestock production systems encompassing cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry, this paper proposes a novel framework to incorporate nutritional value of meat products into livestock LCA. The results of quantitative case studies demonstrate that relative emissions intensities associated with different systems can be dramatically altered when the nutrient content of meat replaces the mass of meat as the functional unit, with cattle systems outperforming pig and poultry systems in some cases. This finding suggests that the performance of livestock systems should be evaluated under a whole supply chain approach, whereby end products originating from different farm management strategies are treated as competing but separate commodities.
Multimodal cortical and hippocampal prediction of episodic‐memory plasticity in young and older adults
Authors: Bråthen Anne Cecilie Sjøli , de Lange Ann‐Marie Glasø , Rohani Darius A. , Sneve Markus H. , Fjell Anders M. , Walhovd Kristine B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEpisodic memory can be trained in both early and late adulthood, but there is considerable variation in cognitive improvement across individuals. Which brain characteristics make some individuals benefit more than others? We used a multimodal approach to investigate whether volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting‐state functional MRI characteristics of the cortex and hippocampus, brain regions involved in episodic‐memory function, were predictive of cognitive improvement after memory training. We hypothesized that these brain characteristics would differentially predict memory improvement in young and older adults, given the vulnerability of cortical regions as well as the hippocampus to healthy aging. Following structural and resting‐state activity magnetic resonance scans, 50 young and 76 older participants completed 10 weeks of strategic episodic‐memory training. Both age groups improved their memory performance, but the young adults more so than the older. Vertex‐wise analyses of cortical volume showed no significant relation to memory benefit. When analyzing the two age groups separately, hippocampal volume was predictive of memory improvement in the group of older participants only. In this age group, the lower resting‐state activity of the hippocampus was also predictive of memory improvement. Both volumetric and resting‐state characteristics of the hippocampus explained unique variance of the improvement in the older participants suggesting that a multimodal imaging approach is valuable for the understanding of mechanisms underlying memory plasticity in aging.
Realized networks
Authors: Brownlees Christian , Nualart Eulàlia , Sun Yucheng 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe introduce LASSO‐type regularization for large‐dimensional realized covariance estimators of log‐prices. The procedure consists of shrinking the off‐diagonal entries of the inverse realized covariance matrix towards zero. This technique produces covariance estimators that are positive definite and with a sparse inverse. We name the estimator realized network, since estimating a sparse inverse realized covariance matrix is equivalent to detecting the partial correlation network structure of the daily log‐prices. The large sample consistency and selection properties of the estimator are established. An application to a panel of US blue chip stocks shows the advantages of the estimator for out‐of‐sample GMV asset allocation.
Positive Affect Mediates the Relationship Between Self‐efficacy and Innovative Behavior in Entrepreneurs
Authors: Mielniczuk Emilia , Laguna Mariola 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInnovativeness is one of the crucial factors allowing companies to grow, and innovative behavior of entrepreneurs is an important source of firm innovativeness and business success. This study aims to better understand self‐regulatory mechanisms stimulating the innovative behavior of entrepreneurs. We have tested the mediation model in which work‐related affect (enthusiasm, comfort, anxiety, and depression) mediates the relationship between work self‐efficacy and innovative behavior. A longitudinal study with three measurement times was conducted on a sample of entrepreneurs–business owners. The mediation analysis with bias‐corrected bootstrapping method confirmed that the relation between work self‐efficacy and innovative behavior of entrepreneurs is mediated by their work‐related positive affect—comfort and enthusiasm—but not by negative affect.