bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of regulation in constituting markets: a co-evolutionary perspective on the UK television production sector
Authors: Lourenço Ana , Turner Simon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article builds on a legal institutionalist approach to assess market-based regulatory change in British television production over the last three decades. It explores how formal rules governing television production constitute market relations, and whether these rules are likely to be evaded by television producers and commissioners in a context where contracting depends heavily on social norms of cooperation, reciprocity and flexibility. Using qualitative data, this article suggests that changes in law and terms of trade intended to promote a market in television production have not had a straightforward or linear effect: compulsory independent production quotas and licensing models of terms of trade have redrawn organizational boundaries in unexpected ways, disturbed the public service remit and engendered new financial flows. Formal rules were nonetheless central to the trajectory of the television production industry, as they were a constitutive element of changes in the power structure of the sector towards producers’ interests.
Unemployment, Self-esteem, and Depression: Differences between Men and Women
Authors: Álvaro José Luis , Garrido Alicia , Pereira Cícero Roberto , Torres Ana Raquel , Barros Sabrina Cavalcanti 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough there is a vast bibliography on the negative consequences of unemployment for mental health, there are no studies that analyze the differences between men and women in relation to the consequences that unemployment could have simultaneously on self-esteem and depression. The main objective of this study was to analyze whether, unemployment is differentially associated with the self-esteem of men and women, and to test whether this circumstance can be considered a psychological mechanism by which we could explain differences in depression for men and women. Results show that self-esteem is a mediating variable (indirect effect = .11; 90% CI [.04, .19]), considering its differential impact on depression, but this mediation is moderated by the gender of the respondents (b = .21, 90% IC [.01, .40]. In summary, unemployment is associated with lower self-esteem, which in turn is related to greater depressive symptoms. This relationship is only observed for men and not for women.
Investigation on the Multiparameter of Hydrate‐Bearing Sands Using Nano‐Focus X‐Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Li Chengfeng , Liu Changling , Hu Gaowei , Sun Jianye , Hao Xiluo , Liu Lele , Meng Qingguo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, a nano‐focus X‐ray computed tomography (X‐CT) is used to observe the formation of methane hydrate in sands on pore scale and to quantify hydrate saturation, pore structure parameters, and permeability of hydrate‐bearing sands. A new analytical technique is developed to improve the identification of water‐hydrate boundary. Three hydrate accumulation habits (i.e., floating, contacting, and cementing) in pore spaces are observed. When there is no methane bubble, hydrate distribution evolves from floating to contacting and then to cementing as hydrate saturation increases. In contrast, only contacting and cementing distribution patterns appear in the pores with methane bubbles. Based on the surface extraction and defect detection from 3‐D images, both the gas/water/hydrate distributions and the pore structure characteristics are investigated. The results show that the porosity, the maximal pore volume, and maximal diameter decrease as hydrates accumulate in the pores. However, the maximal pore surface, the total pore number, and the large pores (>100 voxels) number increase gradually until the hydrate saturation reaches 35%, when they turn to decrease rapidly. The pore structure parameters show detailed changes of hydrate and water on pore scale. The incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations are used to calculate absolute permeability of hydrate‐bearing sands based on X‐ray computed tomography digital images. It indicates that the microdistribution of the hydrate has a significant effect on the permeability calculation. The fluid streamlines obtained through simulation are used to track the water transport paths.
Tomographic Pn Velocity and Anisotropy Structure in Mongolia and the Adjacent Regions
Authors: He Jing , Li Yonghua , Sandvol Eric , Wu Qingju , Du Guangbao , Zhang Ruiqing , Yu Daxin , Liu Hanlin , Lei Jianshe , Huang Jianping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present new high‐resolution Pn velocity and anisotropy models beneath Mongolia and the adjacent regions by inverting 169,406 Pn arrivals. The data are selected from 786 permanent stations and 106 portable seismographs recently deployed in Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia. The availability of new data acquired has allowed us to explore the uppermost mantle structures in great detail in this region, and the 2° × 2° model resolution is capable of distinguishing small‐scale geological features. Pn average velocity is 8.18 km/s, substantially faster than the global average. Distinct contrast in the velocity of the uppermost mantle is observed between the central part and two ends of the Baikal Rift, with the presence of higher velocities under the Central Baikal Rift, indicating strong variation of lithospheric thinning across the entire Baikal Rift. Low velocity beneath the Hangay Dome implies partial melting of mantle reflected by asthenospheric upwelling. Azimuthal anisotropy in the upper and lower mantle lid is measured by grouping the travel time data into two phases by epicenter distance. The obvious depth dependence of Pn anisotropy beneath the Hentey Mountains suggests different origins of fabrics. The lower anisotropy may origin from asthenospheric flow, while the shallower fabric may exhibit the preserved lattice preferred orientation anisotropy in the uppermost mantle. Meanwhile, depth‐dependent anisotropic structures and significantly low velocity are found beneath Tien Shan, most possibly suggesting that the lithospheric mantle thinning is experienced by either delamination or local asthenospheric upwelling.
A Hybrid Correlation Model for the Spaced‐Receiver Technique
Authors: Wang Jun , Morton Y. Jade 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spaced‐receiver technique estimates ionospheric irregularity drift velocity by correlating the received GNSS signals across a closely spaced receiver array during ionospheric scintillations. This paper focuses on the correlation models accounting for the topology of the received diffraction pattern. Space‐time correlation schematics are developed to analyze and compare several prevalent models, including the classic isotropy model, the front velocity model, and the anisotropy model. Based on the merits and drawbacks of each model, a hybrid correlation model is proposed, integrating the front velocity model and the anisotropy model. To validate the hybrid model, the corresponding drift velocity estimates are cross compared with the measurements from a colocated all‐sky imager and incoherent scatter radar. A case study was conducted for a geomagnetic storm event on 20 December 2015. Favorable agreement was found in terms of direction and magnitude of the drift motion, orientation of the irregularity, temporal and spatial features of the irregularity, and the statistical behavior of the drift velocity estimates. In addition, the root‐mean‐square velocity magnitude and orientation against the incoherent scatter radar measurements demonstrate the superior performance of the hybrid model.
A Preliminary Impact Study of CYGNSS Ocean Surface Wind Speeds on Numerical Simulations of Hurricanes
Authors: Cui Zhiqiang , Pu Zhaoxia , Tallapragada Vijay , Atlas Robert , Ruf Christopher S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe NASA Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) was launched in December 2016, providing an unprecedented opportunity to obtain ocean surface wind speeds including wind estimates over the hurricane inner‐core region. This study demonstrates the influence of assimilating an early version of CYGNSS observations of ocean surface wind speeds on numerical simulations of two notable landfalling hurricanes, Harvey and Irma (2017). A research version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation‐based hybrid ensemble three‐dimensional variational data assimilation system are used. It is found that the assimilation of CYGNSS data results in improved track, intensity, and structure forecasts for both hurricane cases, especially for the weak phase of a hurricane, implying potential benefits of using such data for future research and operational applications.
Correction: Macroevolution of gastric Helicobacter species unveils interspecies admixture and time of divergence
Authors: Smet Annemieke , Yahara Koji , Rossi Mirko , Tay Alfred , Backert Steffen , Ensser Armin , Fox James G , Flahou Bram , Ducatelle Richard , Haesebrouck Freddy , Corander Jukka 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The original version of this Article contained an error in the presentation of the author Armin Ensser, which was incorrectly given as Ensser Armin. The correct author list is as follows:
Maturation-associated gene expression profiles during normal human bone marrow erythropoiesis
Authors: Mello Fabiana V. , Land Marcelo G. P. , Costa Elaine. S. , Teodósio Cristina , Sanchez María-Luz , Bárcena Paloma , Peres Rodrigo T. , Pedreira Carlos E. , Alves Liliane R. , Orfao Alberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractErythropoiesis has been extensively studied using in vitro and in vivo animal models. Despite this, there is still limited data about the gene expression profiles (GEP) of primary (ex vivo) normal human bone marrow (BM) erythroid maturation. We investigated the GEP of nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) precursors during normal human BM erythropoiesis. Three maturation-associated populations of NRBC were identified and purified from (fresh) normal human BM by flow cytometry and the GEP of each purified cell population directly analyzed using DNA-oligonucleotide microarrays. Overall, 6569 genes (19% of the genes investigated) were expressed in ≥1 stage of BM erythropoiesis at stable (e.g., genes involved in DNA process, cell signaling, protein organization and hemoglobin production) or variable amounts (e.g., genes related to cell differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism), the latter showing a tendency to either decrease from stage 1 to 3 (genes associated with regulation of erythroid differentiation and survival, e.g., SPI1, STAT5A) or increase from stage 2 to stage 3 (genes associated with autophagy, erythroid functions such as heme production, e.g., ALAS1, ALAS2), iron metabolism (e.g., ISCA1, SLC11A2), protection from oxidative stress (e.g., UCP2, PARK7), and NRBC enucleation (e.g., ID2, RB1). Interestingly, genes involved in apoptosis (e.g., CASP8, P2RX1) and immune response (e.g., FOXO3, TRAF6) were also upregulated in the last stage (stage 3) of maturation of NRBC precursors. Our results confirm and extend on previous observations and providing a frame of reference for better understanding the critical steps of human erythroid maturation and its potential alteration in patients with different clonal and non-clonal erythropoietic disorders.
Gamma oscillations in somatosensory cortex recruit prefrontal and descending serotonergic pathways in aversion and nociception
Authors: Tan Linette Liqi , Oswald Manfred Josef , Heinl Céline , Retana Romero Oscar Andrés , Kaushalya Sanjeev Kumar , Monyer Hannah , Kuner Rohini 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn humans, gamma-band oscillations in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) correlate with subjective pain perception. However, functional contributions to pain and the nature of underlying circuits are unclear. Here we report that gamma oscillations, but not other rhythms, are specifically strengthened independently of any motor component in the S1 cortex of mice during nociception. Moreover, mice with inflammatory pain show elevated resting gamma and alpha activity and increased gamma power in response to sub-threshold stimuli, in association with behavioral nociceptive hypersensitivity. Inducing gamma oscillations via optogenetic activation of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons in the S1 cortex enhances nociceptive sensitivity and induces aversive avoidance behavior. Activity mapping identified a network of prefrontal cortical and subcortical centers whilst morphological tracing and pharmacological studies demonstrate the requirement of descending serotonergic facilitatory pathways in these pain-related behaviors. This study thus describes a mechanistic framework for modulation of pain by specific activity patterns in the S1 cortex.
Atomically engineering activation sites onto metallic 1T-MoS2 catalysts for enhanced electrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Huang Yichao , Sun Yuanhui , Zheng Xueli , Aoki Toshihiro , Pattengale Brian , Huang Jier , He Xin , Bian Wei , Younan Sabrina , Williams Nicholas , Hu Jun , Ge Jingxuan , Pu Ning , Yan Xingxu , Pan Xiaoqing , Zhang Lijun , Wei Yongge , Gu Jing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEngineering catalytic sites at the atomic level provides an opportunity to understand the catalyst’s active sites, which is vital to the development of improved catalysts. Here we show a reliable and tunable polyoxometalate template-based synthetic strategy to atomically engineer metal doping sites onto metallic 1T-MoS2, using Anderson-type polyoxometalates as precursors. Benefiting from engineering nickel and oxygen atoms, the optimized electrocatalyst shows great enhancement in the hydrogen evolution reaction with a positive onset potential of ~ 0 V and a low overpotential of −46 mV in alkaline electrolyte, comparable to platinum-based catalysts. First-principles calculations reveal co-doping nickel and oxygen into 1T-MoS2 assists the process of water dissociation and hydrogen generation from their intermediate states. This research will expand on the ability to improve the activities of various catalysts by precisely engineering atomic activation sites to achieve significant electronic modulations and improve atomic utilization efficiencies.
Ion mobility conformational lipid atlas for high confidence lipidomics
Authors: Leaptrot Katrina L. , May Jody C. , Dodds James N. , McLean John A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLipids are highly structurally diverse molecules involved in a wide variety of biological processes. Here, we use high precision ion mobility-mass spectrometry to compile a structural database of 456 mass-resolved collision cross sections (CCS) of sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid species. Our CCS database comprises sphingomyelin, cerebroside, ceramide, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid classes. Primary differences observed are between lipid categories, with sphingolipids exhibiting 2–6% larger CCSs than glycerophospholipids of similar mass, likely a result of the sphingosine backbone’s restriction of the sn1 tail length, limiting gas-phase packing efficiency. Acyl tail length and degree of unsaturation are found to be the primary structural descriptors determining CCS magnitude, with degree of unsaturation being four times as influential per mass unit. The empirical CCS values and previously unmapped quantitative structural trends detailed in this work are expected to facilitate prediction of CCS in broadscale lipidomics research.
Chromosomal markers in the genus Karenia: Towards an understanding of the evolution of the chromosomes, life cycle patterns and phylogenetic relationships in dinoflagellates
Authors: Cuadrado Ángeles , De Bustos Alfredo , Figueroa Rosa I. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDinoflagellates are a group of protists whose genome is unique among eukaryotes in terms of base composition, chromosomal structure and gene expression. Even after decades of research, the structure and behavior of their amazing chromosomes—which without nucleosomes exist in a liquid crystalline state—are still poorly understood. We used flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to analyze the genome size of three species of the toxic dinoflagellate genus Karenia as well the organization and behavior of the chromosomes in different cell-cycle stages. FISH was also used to study the distribution patterns of ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA), telomeric and microsatellites repeats in order to develop chromosomal markers. The results revealed several novel and important features regarding dinoflagellate chromosomes during mitosis, including their telocentric behavior and radial arrangement along the nuclear envelope. Additionally, using the (AG)10 probe we identified an unusual chromosome in K. selliformis and especially in K. mikimotoi that is characterized by AG repeats along its entire length. This feature was employed to easily differentiate morphologically indistinguishable life-cycle stages. The evolutionary relationship between Karenia species is discussed with respect to differences in both DNA content and the chromosomal distribution patterns of the DNA sequences analyzed.
Migrated T lymphocytes into malignant pleural effusions: an indicator of good prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Nieto Juan C. , Zamora Carlos , Porcel José M. , Mulet Maria , Pajares Virginia , Muñoz-Fernandez Ana M. , Calvo Nuria , Espinosa Iñigo , Pascual-García Mónica , Bielsa Silvia , Vidal Silvia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe presence of leukocyte subpopulations in malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) can have a different impact on tumor cell proliferation and vascular leakiness, their analysis can help to understand the metastatic microenvironment. We analyzed the relationship between the leukocyte subpopulation counts per ml of pleural fluid and the tumor cell count, molecular phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), time from cancer diagnosis and previous oncologic therapy. We also evaluated the leukocyte composition of MPEs as a biomarker of prognosis. We determined CD4+ T, CD8+ T and CD20+ B cells, monocytes and neutrophils per ml in pleural effusions of 22 LAC and 10 heart failure (HF) patients by flow cytometry. Tumor cells were identified by morphology and CD326 expression. IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-17, and chemokines were determined by ELISAs and migratory response to pleural fluids by transwell assays. MPEs from LAC patients had more CD8+ T lymphocytes and a tendency to more CD4+ T and CD20+ B lymphocytes than HF-related fluids. However, no correlation was found between lymphocytes and tumor cells. In those MPEs which were detected >1 month from LAC diagnosis, there was a negative correlation between pleural tumor cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes. CXCL10 was responsible for the attraction of CD20+ B, CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes in malignant fluids. Concentrations of IL-17 were higher in MPEs than in HF-related effusions. Survival after MPE diagnosis correlated positively with CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, but negatively with neutrophils and IL-17 levels. In conclusion, lymphocyte enrichment in MPEs from LAC patients is mostly due to local migration and increases patient survival.
Brain-stiffness-mimicking tilapia collagen gel promotes the induction of dorsal cortical neurons from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Iwashita Misato , Ohta Hatsumi , Fujisawa Takahiro , Cho Minyoung , Ikeya Makoto , Kidoaki Satoru , Kosodo Yoichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe mechanical properties of the extracellular microenvironment, including its stiffness, play a crucial role in stem cell fate determination. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the developing brain exhibits spatiotemporal diversity in stiffness, it remains unclear how stiffness regulates stem cell fate towards specific neural lineages. Here, we established a culture substrate that reproduces the stiffness of brain tissue using tilapia collagen for in vitro reconstitution assays. By adding crosslinkers, we obtained gels that are similar in stiffness to living brain tissue (150–1500 Pa). We further examined the capability of the gels serving as a substrate for stem cell culture and the effect of stiffness on neural lineage differentiation using human iPS cells. Surprisingly, exposure to gels with a stiffness of approximately 1500 Pa during the early period of neural induction promoted the production of dorsal cortical neurons. These findings suggest that brain-stiffness-mimicking gel has the potential to determine the terminal neural subtype. Taken together, the crosslinked tilapia collagen gel is expected to be useful in various reconstitution assays that can be used to explore the role of stiffness in neurogenesis and neural functions. The enhanced production of dorsal cortical neurons may also provide considerable advantages for neural regenerative applications.
Digestion dynamics in broilers fed rapeseed meal
Authors: Recoules E. , Lessire M. , Labas V. , Duclos M. J. , Combes-Soia L. , Lardic L. , Peyronnet C. , Quinsac A. , Narcy A. , Réhault-Godbert S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRapeseed proteins are described to be poorly digestible in chickens. To further identify some molecular locks that may limit their use in poultry nutrition, we conducted a proteomic study on the various chicken digestive contents and proposed an integrative view of the proteins recruited in the crop, proventriculus/gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum for digestion of rapeseed by-products. Twenty-seven distinct rapeseed proteins were identified in the hydrosoluble fraction of the feed prior ingestion. The number of rapeseed proteins identified in digestive contents decreases throughout the digestion process while some are progressively solubilized in the most distal digestive segment, likely due to a combined effect of pH and activity of specific hydrolytic enzymes. Fifteen chicken proteins were identified in the hydrosoluble proventriculus/gizzard content, including chymotrypsin-like elastase and pepsin. Interestingly, on the 69 distinct proteins identified in duodenum, only 9 were proteolytic enzymes, whereas the others were associated with homeostasis, and carbohydrate, lipid, vitamin and hormone metabolisms. In contrast, chicken proteins identified in jejunal and ileal contents were mostly proteases and peptidases. The present work highlights the relevance of using integrative proteomics applied to the entire digestive tract to better appreciate the protein profile and functions of each digestive segment.
Comprehensive sequencing of the myocilin gene in a selected cohort of severe primary open-angle glaucoma patients
Authors: O’Gorman Luke , Cree Angela J. , Ward Daniel , Griffiths Helen L. , Sood Roshan , Denniston Alastair K. , Self Jay E. , Ennis Sarah , Lotery Andrew J. , Gibson Jane 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrimary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma, prevalent in approximately 1–2% of Caucasians in the UK over the age of 40. It is characterised by an open anterior chamber angle, raised intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve damage leading to loss of sight. The myocilin gene (MYOC) is the most common glaucoma-causing gene, accounting for ~2% of British POAG cases. 358 patients were selected for next generation sequencing (NGS) with the following selection criteria: Caucasian ethnicity, intraocular pressure (IOP) 21–40 mm Hg, cup:disc ratio ≥0.6 and visual field mean deviation ≤−3. The entire MYOC gene (17,321 bp) was captured including the promoter, introns, UTRs and coding exons. We identify 12 exonic variants (one stop-gain, five missense and six synonymous variants), two promoter variants, 133 intronic variants, two 3′ UTR variants and 23 intergenic variants. Four known or predicted pathogenic exonic variants (p.R126W, p.K216K, p.Q368* and p.T419A) were identified across 11 patients, which accounts for 3.07% of this POAG cohort. This is the first time that the entire region of MYOC has been sequenced and variants reported for a cohort of POAG patients.