bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐Exclusion Chromatography Coupled with Infrared Spectroscopy, Applications of
Authors: Rickard Mark A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The combination of size‐ and composition‐based separations with infrared (IR) spectroscopic detectors is a powerful technique that provides detailed information about the molecular structure of a polymer that is not accessible with standard detectors. Two approaches for coupling size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and liquid chromatography (LC) to IR detectors are flow cells and solvent elimination interfaces. Flow cells are straightforward to interface with separations, but they are limited by interference from the solvent. Solvent elimination interfaces are more complex than flow cells, but they remove the problem of solvent interference and, therefore, provide more structural information and higher sensitivity. In addition, they are readily compatible with gradient separations. Selected applications of flow cells and solvent elimination interfaces for polymer characterization are described.
Quantitative Glycomics by Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mechref Yehia , Peng Wenjing , Banazadeh Alireza , Huang Yifan , Zhou Shiyue , Hu Yunli , Hussein Ahmed , Tang Haixu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGlycosylation of proteins and lipids has been recently shown to play important biological roles, including cell signaling, adhesion motility, immune response, and pathogen interaction. Functions of many proteins are modulated through glycosylation. To better understand the biological attributes of glycans, reliable quantitative glycomics is needed. Several methods prompting effective monitoring of glycans in biological systems have been developed. The aim of this article is to highlight recent advancements in quantitative glycomics and the necessary bioinformatics tools.
Microrheology of Biological Specimens
Authors: Rizzi Leandro G. , Tassieri Manlio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA great number of important biological phenomena that occur in living organisms demand energy transduction processes that critically depend on the viscoelastic properties of their constituent building blocks, such as cytoplasm, microtubules, and motor proteins.Accordingly, several techniques have been developed to characterize biological systems with complex mechanical properties at micron‐ and nano‐length scales; these are now part of an established field of study known as Microrheology.In this article, we provide an overview of the theoretical principles underpinning the most popular experimental techniques used in such fields, including video particle tracking, dynamic light scattering, diffusing wave spectroscopy, optical and magnetic tweezers, and atomic force microscopy.We report examples of both active and passive microrheology techniques and discuss their applications in the study of biological specimens, where the use of small volumes in controlled environments and the intrinsic heterogeneities of the samples can be critical conditions to both perform and interpret the experiments.
High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food
Authors: García‐Reyes Juan F. , Gilbert‐López Bienvenida , Moreno‐González David , Beneito‐Cambra Miriam , Molina‐Díaz Antonio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article addresses the use of high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in the field of pesticide testing in food. The societal interest and concerns on the presence of pesticide residues in food has triggered the interest toward the development of more comprehensive methods that enable a faster and more effective control of the chemicals. For this purpose, the introduction of HRMS in this field, first with the development of time‐of‐flight (TOF) instrumentation with enhanced quantitative capabilities along with the introduction of Orbitrap technology has opened new possibilities in the last decade, and nowadays constitute an attractive and versatile alternative to current targeted pesticide residue methods relying on liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) with triple quadrupole analyzer (QQQ).
Space‐Resolved Raman Spectroscopy Applications: From Single Cells to Tissues
Authors: Sil Sanchita , Gautam Rekha , Umapathy Siva 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRaman spectroscopy provides information about the structure, functional groups, and chemical environment of the molecules present in a sample. In recent years, Raman spectroscopic techniques have been extensively used to understand fundamental biology and responses of living systems under diverse physiological and pathological conditions due to its potential to provide multicomponent (chemical) analysis without labeling. Further, Raman spectroscopy provides an upper hand in the study of biofluids in situ owing to low absorption coefficient of water in visible and near‐infrared region in contrast to mid‐infrared region. The incorporation of multivariate data analysis methods provides profound visualization of the complex multicomponent data and thus aid in effective interpretation of Raman spectra. This article reviews recent progress and advents of Raman spectroscopy‐based techniques used for biomedical diagnostics and provides an overview of applications, including biofluids, cells, tissues, and microorganism detection and classification. The spectral information gathered from ex vivo analyses on cells, tissues, and biofluids is important for the interpretation of data acquired in real matrix where it is influenced by unwanted background signals. In the first part of the review, examples on bacterial cells and tissues have been shown to highlight the potential of Raman microspectroscopy to identify and distinguish different bacteria and diseased versus normal tissues. Increased sensitivity of Raman signals have been obtained for the detection of biochemicals such as proteins using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been depicted. The second half of the article describes the potential of Raman spectroscopy as an in vivo diagnostic tool based on hand‐held fiber probes, spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) and universal multiple angle Raman spectroscopy (UMARS) along with consideration of clinical translation. In this section, historical development of fiber‐optic Raman probes for biological samples have been described. We have taken specific examples from latest literatures in the field of depth profiling studies to obtain subsurface information toward biomedical diagnostics. Finally, few examples using UMARS towards deep Raman spectroscopy exceeding few tens of millimeters for 3D Raman imaging have been presented.
The Recent Development and Application of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: Zhao Ran 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) is a soft ionization mass spectrometric technique. Instead of electron impaction, analytes are ionized by a reagent ion via ion–molecule reactions, such as proton transfer, charge transfer, and ion–analyte cluster formation. The product ions tend to retain the mass of the analytes, making CIMS an ideal technique to provide molecular‐level chemical information. This feature of CIMS brings significant advantages to the research field of atmospheric chemistry. This article highlights the development and application of CIMS in atmospheric chemistry over the past decade, with a focus on instrumental development and underlying ion–molecule reactions of commonly employed reagent ions.
Parents' perceptions of functional abilities in people with Down syndrome
Authors: de Graaf Gert , Levine Susan P. , Goldstein Richard , Skotko Brian G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA realistic assessment of the range of functional abilities found in people with Down syndrome (DS) may assist in counseling expectant parents. This study asked parents from the United States and the Netherlands to assess 11 functional skills of their sons and daughters with DS: walking, eating, speaking, grooming/personal hygiene, reading, writing, preparing meals, working at a job, going on dates, traveling independently, and living independently. We analyzed responses from 2,658 parents who have sons/daughters with DS of all ages. The majority of people with DS in the United States could walk by 25 months of age, speak reasonably well by 12 years, maintain their own personal hygiene by 13 years, and work independently by 20 years. By 31 years of age, 49% were reading reasonably well, and 46% were writing reasonably well. Approximately 30% could travel independently, and 34% were living independently. The results from parents in the Netherlands were similar for most measures. This normative data on function may contribute to anticipatory guidance and decision‐making. Furthermore, as parents and clinicians seek to assess the relative strengths and weakness of people with DS, resources and supports can be marshaled for those not meeting milestones at expected times.
Variation in dental morphology and inference of continental ancestry in admixed Latin Americans
Authors: Delgado Miguel , Ramírez Luis Miguel , Adhikari Kaustubh , Fuentes‐Guajardo Macarena , Zanolli Clément , Gonzalez‐José Rolando , Canizales Samuel , Bortolini Maria‐Catira , Poletti Giovanni , Gallo Carla , Rothhammer Francisco , Bedoya Gabriel , Ruiz‐Linares Andres 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the variation in dental nonmetric traits and to evaluate the utility of this variation for inferring genetic ancestry proportions in a sample of admixed Latin Americans.Materials and MethodsWe characterized a sample from Colombia (N = 477) for 34 dental traits and obtained estimates of individual Native American, European, and African ancestry using genome‐wide SNP data. We tested for correlation between dental traits, genetic ancestry, age, and sex. We carried out a biodistance analysis between the Colombian sample and reference continental population samples using the mean measure of divergence statistic calculated from dental trait frequencies. We evaluated the inference of genetic ancestry from dental traits using a regression approach (with 10‐fold cross‐validation) as well as by testing the correlation between estimates of ancestry obtained from genetic and dental data.ResultsLatin Americans show intermediate dental trait frequencies when compared to Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. Significant correlations were observed for several dental traits, genetic ancestry, age, and sex. The biodistance analysis displayed a closer relationship of Colombians to Europeans than to Native Americans and Africans. Mean ancestry estimates obtained from the dental data are similar to the genetic estimates (Native American: 32% vs. 28%, European: 59% vs. 63%, and African: 9% vs. 9%, respectively). However, dental features provided low predictive power for genetic ancestry of individuals in both approaches tested (R2 < 5% for all genetic ancestries across methods).DiscussionThe frequency of dental traits in Latin Americans reflects their admixed Native American, European and African ancestry and can provide reasonable average estimates of genetic ancestry. However, the accuracy of individual genetic ancestry estimates is relatively low, probably influenced by the continental differentiation of dental traits, their genetic architecture, and the distribution of genetic ancestry in the individuals examined.
Sulfonated poly(phenylene ether ether sulfone) membrane tailored with layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and phosphotungstic acid for DMFC applications
Authors: Neelakandan Sivasubramaniyan , Muthumeenal Arunachalam , Rana Dipak , Kaleekkal Noel Jacob , Nagendran Alagumalai 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) were used as cationic and anionic polyelectrolyte layers, respectively, in an alternating fashion to enhance the methanol barrier property and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly (phenylene ether ether sulfone) (SPEES) proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The multilayer PEMs were characterized by AFM, FTIR, and AC impedance spectroscopy. Methanol permeability of the multilayered membranes was found to be much lower than the bare SPEES membrane. The multilayered membranes displayed significantly improved oxidative stability and dimensional stability compared to pristine SPEES membrane. Conversely, the water uptake (%) and proton conductivity (S cm−1) of the prepared membranes decrease to some extent with increasing the PDDA/PTA bilayers in comparison to the pristine SPEES membrane. The maximum relative selectivity (2.23 × 104 S cm−3 s) and retained weight (88.9%) were observed for SPEES‐[PDDA/PTA]5 multilayered membrane. The obtained results exposed the possibility of SPEES‐[PDDA/PTA]5 multilayered membrane to serve as high‐performance PEMs in direct methanol fuel cells. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47344.
Thermokinetics study of degradation process of soybean‐based polyurethane foams
Authors: Zhou Xinxing 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPolyurethane (PU) production with the use of soybean oil was greatly appreciated by researchers due to their low cost, easy availability, and nontoxic nature. The thermokinetics and degradation process of soybean oil‐based PU (SPU) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectrum. Influence of various factors such as the NCO/OH molar ratio (1.5–2.0) and different heating rates on the thermodynamic properties and thermal stability during the degradation process were studied in detail. Moreover, the thermokinetics mechanism included activation energy, reaction rate, and kinetic parameters of the degradation process were evaluated using “AKTS‐Thermokinetics” software. The reaction rate ranged from 0.0005 to 0.0025 at the first stage (60–150 °C), then changed to values between 0.00025 and 0.0015 at the second stage (250–350 °C) and between 0.00025 and 0.0020 at the third stage (400–550 °C). It was observed that the degradation progress included with three‐ or four‐step degradation profiles. As the soybean oil content or NCO/OH molar ratio increase, the thermal stability of SPU increased. In addition, the activation energy and reaction rate increased with the increased soybean oil contents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47357.
Impact of shape (nanofiller vs. nanorod) of TiO2 nanoparticle on free‐standing solid polymeric separator for energy storage/conversion devices
Authors: Arya Anil , Saykar Nilesh G. , Sharma A. L. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWe report the investigation on examining the impact of nanofiller (NF)‐ versus nanorod (NR)‐shaped titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticle on the structural, electrochemical, transport, thermal, and dielectric properties of the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Thin SPE films comprising of poly(ethylene oxide), sodium hexafluorophosphate, and dispersed with TiO2 NF, TiO2 NR (synthesized by hydrothermal route) has been prepared via solution cast technique. The shape of nanoparticle influences the morphological and structural properties as observed in field emission scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The highest ionic conductivity was exhibited by the NR dispersed system and is higher than NF dispersed system for all recorded concentration consistently. It is attributed to the formation of the long‐range conductive path with NR when compared with NF. In addition, the electrochemical stability window is much higher (~5 V) than the NF‐doped system. Furthermore, the dielectric properties of SPE were investigated and fitted in the complete frequency window (1 Hz–1 MHz; T = 40–100 °C @ 10 °C). It is observed that the NR dispersed system shows higher dielectric strength and low relaxation time with respect to NF dispersed system. The results suggest that the NR dispersed SPE possess enhanced properties and is more appropriate for an application in high energy density solid‐state Na ion batteries. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47361.
Synthesis of antibacterial N‐halamine acryl acid copolymers and their application onto cotton
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Demir Buket , Ren Xuehong , Worley S. D. , Broughton R. M. , Huang Tung‐Shi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA series of N‐halamine copolymers are synthesized by reacting hydantoinylacrylamide (HA) with acrylic acid (AA) in several mole ratios. The synthesized copolymers are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and1H NMR and coated onto cotton fabrics. The coated cotton fabrics are rendered antibacterial by chlorinating with dilute household bleach solution. The ultraviolet (UVA) light stabilities of the resulting copolymers on the coated cotton fabrics are investigated; the results show that UVA exposure has minimal effect on the structure of the copolymers but can cause partial loss of the chlorine loading on the coated cotton fabrics. The coated cotton fabrics exhibit excellent antibacterial efficacies achieving inactivations of about six logs ofStaphylococcusaureusandEscherichiacoliO157:H7 within 1 min of contact time. The cotton fabrics coated with the copolymers would best be employed in disposable fabric applications because of lack of washing fastness due to the weak bonding interaction between the AA unit and cellulose. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47426.
Pyrene‐based hypercrosslinked microporous resins for effective CO2 capture
Authors: Li Pei‐Xian , Chen Linjiang , Bertuzzo Marcus , Ren Shi‐Bin , Zhou Li‐Yong , Lin Yong‐Qiang , Jia Wen‐Ping , Chen Xiao‐Ying , Han De‐Man 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTTwo hydrophobic pyrene‐based hypercrosslinked microporous resins (ZLYs) with intrinsic hydroxyl groups on the pore‐walls have been prepared by condensation of 1,3,6,8‐tetrakis(p‐formylphenyl)pyrene (TFPPy) with phloroglucinol (L1) or 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene (L2). The resulting porous networks exhibited high thermal stabilities and moderate Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area with 647 and 243 m2 g−1 respectively. The experiments showed that the weak interactions between CO2 and the intrinsic hydroxyl groups on the pore‐wall of the resins could enhance CO2 uptake and CO2/CH4 selectivity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47448.
Desiccant films made of low‐density polyethylene with dispersed calcium oxide: Water vapor absorption, permeation and mechanical properties
Authors: Sängerlaub Sven , Kucukpinar Esra , Kiese Sandra , Bauer Klaus Dieter , Müller Kajetan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPolymers with dispersed desiccants are relevant for various packaging applications to protect packaged goods from water vapor. The intention of this study was to analyze and to describe a relevant system. Therefore, films with calcium oxide (CaO) were investigated, because such materials are hardly described in scientific literature. Monolayer films with 0.14 to 0.51 g dispersed CaO per 1 g film (PE‐LD) were prepared and they absorbed up to 0.2 g water vapor per 1 g of film. The water vapor absorption was described by effective diffusion coefficients. By the use of effective diffusion coefficients and the absorption capacity, the absorption behavior of layers with various thicknesses can be estimated. The steady state (effective) water vapor permeation coefficients of the films with dispersed CaO were a factor of 2 to 24 (8.4 to 101.5 mg cm [cm2 s Pa]–1 × 1012, at 23 °C) higher than for pure PE‐LD films (4.26 mg cm [cm2 s Pa]−1 × 1012, 23 °C). The tensile stress changed only slightly (pure PE‐LD: 9.5 N mm−2; PE‐LD with 0.14 g dispersed CaO per 1 g film: 8.1 N mm−2; PE‐LD with 0.51 g dispersed CaO per 1 g film: 10.5 N mm−2), while the tensile strain at break was reduced with higher CaO concentration from 318% (pure PE‐LD) to 10% (PE‐LD with 0.51 g dispersed CaO per 1 g film). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47460.
Systematic review of the quantity and quality of randomized clinical trials in pancreatic surgery
Authors: Hüttner F J , Capdeville L , Pianka F , Ulrich A , Hackert T , Büchler M W , Probst P , Diener M K 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
RCTs are considered the reference standard in clinical research. However, surgical RCTs pose specific challenges and therefore numbers have been lower than those for randomized trials of medical interventions. In addition, surgical trials have often been associated with poor methodological quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evolution of quantity and quality of RCTs in pancreatic surgery and to identify evidence gaps.

Methods
PubMed, CENTRAL and Web of Science were searched systematically. Predefined data were extracted and organized in a database. Quantity and quality were compared for three intervals of the study period comprising more than three decades. Evidence maps were constructed to identify gaps in evidence.

Results
The search yielded 8210 results, of which 246 trials containing data on 26 154 patients were finally included. The number of RCTs per year increased continuously from a mean of 2·8, to 5·7 and up to 13·1 per year over the three intervals of the study. Most trials were conducted in Europe (46·3 per cent), followed by Asia (35·0 per cent) and North America (14·2 per cent). Overall, the quality of RCTs was moderate; however, with the exception of blinding, all domains of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool improved significantly in the later part of the study. Evidence maps showed lack of evidence from RCTs for operations other than pancreatoduodenectomy and for specific diseases such as neuroendocrine neoplasms or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

Conclusion
The quantity and quality of RCTs in pancreatic surgery have increased. Evidence mapping showed gaps for specific procedures and diseases, indicating priorities for future research.
Eye‐tracking research in eating disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Kerr‐Gaffney Jess , Harrison Amy , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThose with eating disorders (EDs) show attentional biases to disorder‐relevant stimuli, such as food and body shape information. However, attentional bias research in EDs largely relies on reaction time based measures, which are limited in their ability to assess different components and the time course of attention. Eye‐tracking paradigms have therefore been utilized to provide greater ecological validity, and directly capture the detailed sequence of processes in perception and attention. While numerous studies have examined eye movements in the mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders, there has been a lack of studies in EDs. The purpose of this qualitative review is to provide a summary of eye‐tracking studies in clinical ED populations.MethodThe review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies examining gaze parameters in ED compared to healthy controls (HCs). Thirty‐one studies met inclusion criteria.ResultsAcross ED diagnoses, there was evidence of attentional biases towards food and body stimuli. In addition, differential patterns of attention to social information, and differences in smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements were found in anorexia nervosa (AN).DiscussionFindings are discussed in relation to research in other psychiatric disorders, and recommendations for future studies using eye‐tracking in EDs are given. The findings add to the wider literature on attentional biases in EDs, and provide potential avenues for treatment.IJED‐18‐0331.R1.Investigación de seguimiento ocular en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: una revisión sistemática.