bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of development objectives and local context upon international service engineering infrastructure design
Authors: Witmer Ann-Perry 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Accumulating research data indicate that engineers may more effectively design infrastructure for a rural international society by separating the responsibilities and connotations associated with ‘development’ and ‘globalization’ from the task of addressing a physical infrastructure need through technical intervention. Engineers typically fall prey to the globalization notion of enhancing alternately developed societies’ needs and conditions by supplanting local context with an understanding of society and need that most closely aligns with the engineers’ own experience. By contrast, if an engineer develops a full understanding of the local influences that drive client-community values and functions, they can design infrastructure solutions that are more compatible with context, thus improving sustainability and effectiveness of operation for the infrastructure user. In other words, the engineer must augment her own technical knowledge with an indigenous knowledge of both technology and cultural conditions if she is to design an infrastructure that may be readily accepted and used by the client society.
Explicit and implicit dimensions of sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence
Authors: Sperlich Darcy , Leem Jaiho , Ahn Eui-Jeen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Implicit and explicit knowledge use in second language acquisition has been rigorously researched in areas such as syntax, however our understanding of how these knowledge constructs affect learner pragmatics is not well understood. Through an interlanguage pragmatic perspective we aim to understand how implicit and explicit knowledge intertwines with pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic competence. This is investigated by testing for L1 politeness transfer in Korean learners of French regarding their acquisition of tu and vous, which provides a new perspective as past research focuses on Anglophone learners. By triangulating data from two test types, results show that the learners have difficulty with vous but not tu, attributed to negative language transfer of L1 politeness values. Moreover, learner variation of tu/vous use can be linked to the explicit/implicit status of their pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic knowledge, showing that the implicitization of their sociopragmatic knowledge is a challenging hurdle towards native-like tu/vous use.
Biological markers for the effects of yoga as a complementary and alternative medicine
Authors: Mohammad Ashu , Thakur Priyanka , Kumar Rakesh , Kaur Sharanpreet , Saini Reena V. , Saini Adesh K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
From the last few decades, there are increasing incidences of disorders like premature aging, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, and Alzheimer’s disease In addition to medication, researchers have found that yoga, a mind-body therapy, can be used as an alternative medicine. Yoga combines specific physical postures, breathing techniques, relaxation and meditation that improve mental and physical health of the body. The purpose of this review is to collate the research evidences claiming health benefits of performing traditional yogic practices. What are the biological and other reliable indicators to suggest that doing asanas, pranayama, and meditation could reduce or treat wide range of life style disorders are discussed. Importantly, these indicators are otherwise used to assess the severity of disorders. In many of the study it has been shown that yoga improves the redox health of body whose imbalance has been well proven to cause many health complications. The impact of yoga on neurodegenerative diseases have revealed that it reverses memory loss, reduce anxiety, depression and stress, the biological indicators of disease. However, most studies have several limitations and therefore further research into yoga is needed to validate these findings.
DWDM Channel Spacing Effects on the Signal Quality for DWDM/CWDM FTTx Network
Authors: Kumar K. Vinoth , Kumar P. Venkatesh , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Mohamed Abd El–Naser A. , Tabbour Mohamed S. , El-Assar Mohamed 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this paper, two models of fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) networks are provided, one of hybrid dense wavelength division multiplexing/coarse wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM/CWDM) with high subscriber’s allocated bandwidth, and the other of hybrid ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing/coarse wavelength division multiplexing (UDWDM/CWDM) with high network capacity. The effect of the fiber chromatic dispersion on the signal quality was demonstrated. The behavior of the network with respect to the changing of the DWDM channel spacing and the relation between the channel spacing and the system bit rate was discussed.
Organisationsversagen und NSU-Ermittlungen
Authors: Dosdall Henrik 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel analysiert aus organisationssoziologischer Perspektive, warum die polizeilichen NSU-Ermittlungen auch nach jahrelang erfolglosen Untersuchungen im Bereich der Organisierten Kriminalität eine rechtsextremistische Urheberschaft der NSU-Morde ausschlossen. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, bedient sich der Artikel einer entscheidungstheoretischen Routine- und Lernperspektive. Das mit diesem theoretischen Instrumentarium verfolgte Ziel liegt in der Analyse der Lernobstruktionen der polizeilichen Ermittlungen im NSU-Komplex. Darauf aufbauend werden empirische und analytische Anschlussperspektiven aufgezeigt.
Fördert Partizipation am Arbeitsplatz die Entwicklung des politischen Interesses und der politischen Beteiligung?
Authors: Mays Anja 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht in Anlehnung an die von Pateman entwickelten Spillover-Hypothese der Frage nach, ob und wie sich berufliche Partizipation auf das Ausmaß von politischem Interesse und politischer Beteiligung auswirken. Auf der Basis von Längsschnittdaten des Sozioökonomischen Panels stellt sich heraus, dass sich das politische Interesse intraindividuell verstärkt, wenn die berufliche Autonomie zunimmt. Dieser Effekt wird allerdings nur sichtbar, wenn direkt nach den Arbeitsbedingungen gefragt wird. Ein Zuwachs an beruflicher Führungsverantwortung hat dagegen keinen Einfluss auf das Politikinteresse oder die politische Beteiligung. Darüber hinaus deuten die Ergebnisse auf erhebliche Selektionseffekte und die Relevanz früherer politischer Sozialisationserfahrungen hin. Ein Großteil des politischen Interesses und der politischen Beteiligung scheint dabei auf zurückliegende politische Lernerfahrungen und die soziale Herkunft der Befragten zurückzuführen zu sein.
Strengthened Inputs from Secondary Motor Cortex to Striatum in a Mouse Model of Compulsive Behavior
Authors: Corbit Victoria L. , Manning Elizabeth E. , Gittis Aryn H. , Ahmari Susanne E. 
Published: February 2019

Hyperactivity in striatum is associated with compulsive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related illnesses, but it is unclear whether this hyperactivity is due to intrinsic striatal dysfunction or abnormalities in corticostriatal inputs. Understanding the cellular and circuit properties underlying striatal hyperactivity could help inform the optimization of targeted stimulation treatments for compulsive behavior disorders. To investigate the cellular and synaptic abnormalities that may underlie corticostriatal dysfunction relevant to OCD, we used theSapap3knock-out (Sapap3-KO) mouse model of compulsive behaviors, which also exhibits hyperactivity in central striatum.Ex vivoelectrophysiology in double-transgenic mice was used to assess intrinsic excitability and functional synaptic input in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in central striatum ofSapap3-KOs and wild-type (WT) littermates. While we found no differences in intrinsic excitability of SPNs or FSIs betweenSapap3-KOs and WTs, excitatory drive to FSIs was significantly increased in KOs. Contrary to predictions, lateral orbitofrontal cortex-striatal synapses were not responsible for this increased drive; optogenetic stimulation revealed that lateral orbitofrontal cortex input to SPNs was reduced in KOs (∼3-fold) and unchanged in FSIs. However, secondary motor area (M2) postsynaptic responses in central striatum were significantly increased (∼6-fold) in strength and reliability in KOs relative to WTs. These results suggest that increased M2-striatal drive may contribute to bothin vivostriatal hyperactivity and compulsive behaviors, and support a potential role for presupplementary/supplementary motor cortical regions in the pathology and treatment of compulsive behavior disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThese findings highlight an unexpected contribution of M2 projections to striatal dysfunction in theSapap3-KO obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-relevant mouse model, with M2 inputs strengthened by at least sixfold onto both spiny projection neurons and fast-spiking interneurons in central striatum. Because M2 is thought to be homologous to presupplementary/supplementary motor areas (pre-SMA/SMA) in humans, regions important for movement preparation and behavioral sequencing, these data are consistent with a model in which increased drive from M2 leads to excessive selection of sequenced motor patterns. Together with observations of hyperactivity in pre-SMA/SMA in both OCD and Tourette syndrome, and evidence that pre-SMA is a potential target for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in OCD, these results support further dissection of the role of M2 in compulsivity.
Binocular Eye Movements Are Adapted to the Natural Environment
Authors: Gibaldi Agostino , Banks Martin S. 
Published: February 2019

Humans and many animals make frequent saccades requiring coordinated movements of the eyes. When landing on the new fixation point, the eyes must converge accurately or double images will be perceived. We asked whether the visual system uses statistical regularities in the natural environment to aid eye alignment at the end of saccades. We measured the distribution of naturally occurring disparities in different parts of the visual field. The central tendency of the distributions was crossed (nearer than fixation) in the lower field and uncrossed (farther) in the upper field in male and female participants. It was uncrossed in the left and right fields. We also measured horizontal vergence after completion of vertical, horizontal, and oblique saccades. When the eyes first landed near the eccentric target, vergence was quite consistent with the natural-disparity distribution. For example, when making an upward saccade, the eyes diverged to be aligned with the most probable uncrossed disparity in that part of the visual field. Likewise, when making a downward saccade, the eyes converged to enable alignment with crossed disparity in that part of the field. Our results show that rapid binocular eye movements are adapted to the statistics of the 3D environment, minimizing the need for large corrective vergence movements at the end of saccades. The results are relevant to the debate about whether eye movements are derived from separate saccadic and vergence neural commands that control both eyes or from separate monocular commands that control the eyes independently.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show that the human visual system incorporates statistical regularities in the visual environment to enable efficient binocular eye movements. We define the oculomotor horopter: the surface of 3D positions to which the eyes initially move when stimulated by eccentric targets. The observed movements maximize the probability of accurate fixation as the eyes move from one position to another. This is the first study to show quantitatively that binocular eye movements conform to 3D scene statistics, thereby enabling efficient processing. The results provide greater insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the planning and execution of saccadic eye movements.
Cell Kinetics in the Adult Neurogenic Niche and Impact of Diet-Induced Accelerated Aging
Authors: Stankiewicz Alexander J. , Mortazavi Farzad , Kharchenko Peter V. , McGowan Erin M. , Kharchenko Vasili , Zhdanova Irina V. 
Published: February 2019

Neurogenesis in the adult brain, a powerful mechanism for neuronal plasticity and brain repair, is altered by aging and pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders. The search for mechanisms and therapeutic solutions to alter neurogenesis requires understanding of cell kinetics within neurogenic niches using a high-throughput quantitative approach. The challenge is in the dynamic nature of the process and multiple cell types involved, each having several potential modes of division or cell fate. Here we show that cell kinetics can be revealed through a combination of the BrdU/EdU pulse-chase, based on the circadian pattern of DNA replication, and a differential equations model that describes time-dependent cell densities. The model is validated through the analysis of cell kinetics in the cerebellar neurogenic niche of normal young adult male zebrafish, with cells quantified in 2D (sections), and with neuronal fate and reactivation of stem cells confirmed in 3D whole-brain images (CLARITY). We then reveal complex alterations in cell kinetics associated with accelerated aging due to chronic high caloric intake. Low activity of neuronal stem cells in this condition persists 2 months after reverting to normal diet, and is accompanied by overproduction of transient amplifying cells, their accelerated cell death, and slow migration of postmitotic progeny. This combined experimental and mathematical approach should allow for relatively high-throughput analysis of early signs of pathological and age-related changes in neurogenesis, evaluation of specific therapeutic targets, and drug efficacy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding normal cell kinetics of adult neurogenesis and the type of cells affected by a pathological process is needed to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures directed at specific cell targets. Complex time-dependent mechanisms involved in the kinetics of multiple cell types require a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling approaches. This study demonstrates such a combined approach by comparing normal neurogenesis with that altered by diet-induced accelerated aging in adult zebrafish.
Exacerbation of Cushing’s syndrome during pregnancy: stimulation of a cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenoma by ACTH originating from the foeto-placental unit
Authors: St-Jean Matthieu , MacKenzie-Feder Jessica , Bourdeau Isabelle , Lacroix André 
Published: February 2019

Summary
A 29-year-old G4A3 woman presented at 25 weeks of pregnancy with progressive signs of Cushing’s syndrome (CS), gestational diabetes requiring insulin and hypertension. A 3.4 × 3.3 cm right adrenal adenoma was identified during abdominal ultrasound imaging for nephrolithiasis. Investigation revealed elevated levels of plasma cortisol, 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) and late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC). Serum ACTH levels were not fully suppressed (4 and 5 pmol/L (N: 2–11)). One month post-partum, CS regressed, 24-h UFC had normalised while ACTH levels were now less than 2 pmol/L; however, dexamethasone failed to suppress cortisol levels. Tests performed in vivo 6 weeks post-partum to identify aberrant hormone receptors showed no cortisol stimulation by various tests (including 300 IU hLH i.v.) except after administration of 250 µg i.v. Cosyntropin 1–24. Right adrenalectomy demonstrated an adrenocortical adenoma and atrophy of adjacent cortex. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the adenoma revealed the presence of ACTH (MC2) receptor mRNA, while LHCG receptor mRNA was almost undetectable. This case reveals that CS exacerbation in the context of pregnancy can result from the placental-derived ACTH stimulation of MC2 receptors on the adrenocortical adenoma. Possible contribution of other placental-derived factors such as oestrogens, CRH or CRH-like peptides cannot be ruled out.

Learning points:

Diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome during pregnancy is complicated by several physiological alterations in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis regulation occurring in normal pregnancy.

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) exacerbation during pregnancy can be associated with aberrant expression of LHCG receptor on primary adrenocortical tumour or hyperplasia in some cases, but not in this patient.

Placental-derived ACTH, which is not subject to glucocorticoid negative feedback, stimulated cortisol secretion from this adrenal adenoma causing transient CS exacerbation during pregnancy.

Following delivery and tumour removal, suppression of HPA axis can require several months to recover and requires glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
Novel methodological approaches in the system of early diagnosis of mastopathy with the use of computer dermography
Authors: Merkulova G A , Pegova E V 
Published: February 2019

Aim. Optimization of the early detection of mastopathy on screening examinations due to the inclusion of data received with the use of computer dermography into the algorithm of complex diagnosis.
Methods. Integral evaluation of the health state was performed with the use of computer dermography as part of the diagnostic complex DgKTD-01. Fertile females (n=107) were divided into three groups. The study group (n=36) included the female patients with differentiated mastopathy. The control group (n=51) united the females complaining of discomfort in breasts, engorgement and tenderness. Parameters of the baseline level in the study group and the control group were studied; a prognostic model of mastopathy was developed. Comparative analysis of identified characteristics was performed in the comparison group.
Results. Females from the study group are in the group of adaptation risk with formation of premorbid states and diseases. The prognostic model of mastopathy was consistent disorder of the tonic activity of basic functions F2' and F3', functions F5-1', F5-2', F5-3' with the extremum in segments Th4-6 in regimen 2 which allowed determining females with the risk of the development of this pathology in comparison group.
Conclusion. Method of computer dermography serves as a methodological approach to revealing pre-nosological states which alllows using it as an additional non-invasive diagnostic screening test to determine mastopathy risk groups; the obtained results give ground to continue the further studies and improvement of the diagnosis on a large clinical material and to development of computed system for interpretation of the obtained data.
The effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma
Authors: Allakhverdiyeva L I , Sultanova N G , Dzhafarova A O 
Published: February 2019

Aim. To study the state of the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma during pharmacological correction with vitamin D.
Methods. 63 children aged 3-17 years with atopic bronchial asthma of varying severity were examined. As a control group, 10 practically healthy children of the same age who had no history of allergic manifestations and no hereditary complications, were examined. The patients were divided into two groups matched by age: group 1 included 33 patients with mild (n=20) and moderate (n=13) bronchial asthma who received only basic anti-inflammatory therapy according to the severity of asthma; group 2 included 30 children with mild (n=18) and moderate (n=12) bronchial asthma who received basic anti-inflammatory therapy with vitamin D containing Tridrop [3 drops (1500 IU) per day for 1 month]. Patients were assessed for interleukin-2, -13 and -17 in the blood serum using a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment.
Results. The results obtained made it possible to clarify the changes in the cytokine spectrum in patients with atopic bronchial asthma in the course of the disease and the effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on it. The mean level of interleukin-2 in group 1 remained practically unchanged, the value of this cytokine was 2.77±1.51 pg/ml (p >0.05). In group 2, the mean interleukin-2 level increased to 5.07±1.02 pg/ml (p <0.01). The mean level of interleukin-13 in group 1 patients increased but not significantly, but in group 2 a decrease of interleukin-13 to 11.3±3.8 pg/ml (p <0.05) was registered. Interleukin-17 decreased by 2.6 times in group 2 (4.8±1.6 pg/ml, p <0.01). In group 1 there was no significant change in the level of interleukin-17, in all children it remained elevated (p >0.05).
Conclusion. Pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the background of basic anti-inflammatory therapy promotes the positive dynamics of the level of cytokines during the treatment of atopic bronchial asthma, which is related to the ability of vitamin D to regulate the function of Th2 and, as a result, to reduce the synthesis of interleukin-13 and -17, which participate in the pathogenesis of allergies and play an important protective role in bronchial asthma.
Pengembangan Produk Penyedap Rasa dan Tepung Jamur Tiram di Desa Dawuhan dan Kelurahan Dabasah Kabupaten Bondowoso
Authors: Ningsih Indah Yulia 
Published: February 2019

Jamur tiram merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian yang diminati masyarakat. Banyaknya petani jamur tiram menyebabkan sulitnya harga komoditas ini bertahan bila seringkali terjadi panen raya secara bersamaan. Di Kabupaten Bondowoso, tepatnya di Desa Pertambangan dan Kelurahan Dabasah telah dilakukan budidaya oleh kelompok petani. Namun, para petani jamur tiram tersebut tidak memiliki pengetahuan, dan keterampilan untuk menghasilkan produk olahan jamur tiram yang tahan lama dan memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, pada kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan mengenai pembuatan dan pengemasan produk olahan jamur tiram dalam bentuk penyedap rasa dan tepung jamur tiram. Adanya diversifikasi produk berperan dalam meningkatkan nilai tambah komoditas jamur tiram, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan para petani.
Kata Kunci: Jamur Tiram, Penyedap Rasa, Tepung Jamur, Pengembangan Produk