bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of stochastic patch occupancy models in the California red‐legged frog for Bayesian inference regarding past events and future persistence
Authors: Alcala Nicolas , Launer Alan E. , Westphal Michael F. , Seymour Richard , Cole Esther M. , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAssessing causes of population decline is critically important to management of threatened species. Stochastic patch occupancy models (SPOMs) are popular tools for examining spatial and temporal dynamics of populations when presence–absence data in multiple habitat patches are available. We developed a Bayesian Markov chain method that extends existing SPOMs by focusing on past environmental changes that may have altered occupancy patterns prior to the beginning of data collection. Using occupancy data from 3 creeks, we applied the method to assess 2 hypothesized causes of population decline—in situ die‐off and residual impact of past source population loss—in the California red‐legged frog. Despite having no data for the 20–30 years between the hypothetical event leading to population decline and the first data collected, we were able to discriminate among hypotheses, finding evidence that in situ die‐off increased in 2 of the creeks. Although the creeks had comparable numbers of occupied segments, owing to different extinction–colonization dynamics, our model predicted an 8‐fold difference in persistence probabilities of their populations to 2030. Adding a source population led to a greater predicted persistence probability than did decreasing the in situ die‐off, emphasizing that reversing the deleterious impacts of a disturbance may not be the most efficient management strategy. We expect our method will be useful for studying dynamics and evaluating management strategies of many species.
The underestimated role of basophils in Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Valent Peter , Horny Hans‐Peter , Arock Michel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a hematopoietic neoplasm defined by the chromosome translocation t(9;22) and the related oncogene, BCR‐ABL1. In most patients, leukaemic cells can be kept under control using BCR‐ABL1‐targeting drugs. However, many patients relapse which remains a clinical challenge. In particular, patients with advanced (accelerated or blast phase) CML have a poor prognosis. So far, little is known about molecular and cellular interactions and features that contribute to disease progression and drug resistance in CML. One key prognostic factor at diagnosis is marked basophilia. However, although basophils are well‐known multifunctional effector cells, their impact in CML remains uncertain. In this article, we discuss the potential role of basophils as active contributors to disease evolution and progression in CML. In particular, basophils serve as a unique source of inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or hepatocyte growth factor. In addition, basophils provide vasoactive substances, like histamine as well as the cytokine‐degrading enzyme dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV which may promote stem cell mobilization and the extramedullary spread of stem and progenitor cells. Finally, basophils may produce autocrine growth factors for myeloid cells. Understanding the role of basophils in CML evolution and progression may support the development of more effective treatment concepts.
Exploring the predictive power of the unspecific risk category of the Basel Screening Instrument for Psychosis
Authors: Peralta David , Studerus Erich , Andreou Christina , Beck Katharina , Ittig Sarah , Leanza Letizia , Egloff Laura , Riecher‐Rössler Anita 
Published: July 2018

AimUltrahigh risk (UHR) criteria, consisting of brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS), attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) and genetic risk and deterioration (GRD) syndrome are the most widely used criteria for assessing the clinical high‐risk state for psychosis (CHR‐P). The Basel Screening Instrument for Psychosis (BSIP) includes a further risk category, the unspecific risk category (URC). However, little is known about the predictive power of this risk category compared to other risk categories.MethodsTwo hundred CHR‐P patients were detected as part of the Früherkennung von Psychosen (FePsy) study using the BSIP. Transition to psychosis was assessed in regular intervals for up to 7 years.ResultsPatients meeting only the URC criterion (n = 40) had a significantly lower risk of transition to psychosis than the UHR group (including BLIPS, APS and GRD) (HR 0.19 [0.05; 0.80] (P = 0.024). Furthermore, the URC only risk group had a lower transition risk than the APS without BLIPS group (P = 0.015) and a trendwise lower risk than the BLIPS group (P = 0.066). However, despite the lower transition risk in the URC only group, there were still two patients (5%) in this group with a later transition to psychosis.ConclusionsThe URC includes patients who have a lower risk of transition than those included by the UHR categories and thereby increases the sensitivity of the BSIP. This offers the possibility of a stratified intervention, with these subjects receiving low intensity follow‐up and treatment.
In vitro characterization of intrinsic properties and local synaptic inputs to pyramidal neurons in macaque primary motor cortex
Authors: Xu Wei , Baker Stuart N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrimates (including humans) have a highly developed corticospinal tract, and specialized motor cortical areas which differ in key ways from rodents. Much work on motor cortex has therefore used macaque monkeys as a good animal model for human motor control. However, there is a paucity of data describing the fundamental functional architecture of primate primary motor cortex, which is best addressed with in vitro approaches. In this study we examined the cellular properties and the micro‐circuitry of the adult macaque primary motor cortex by carrying out in‐vitro intracellular recordings. We aimed to characterize the basic properties of the cortical circuitry by studying the intrinsic properties of its pyramidal neurons and their physiological interconnectivity. We studied the passive and active electrophysiological properties of pyramidal neurons in both superficial and deep cortical layers. Both superficial and deep pyramidal neurons exhibited bursting behaviour that could act as powerful excitation for downstream targets. Synaptic connections were lamina specific. Neurons in the deep layers had convergent excitatory inputs from all cortical layers whereas superficial neurons had only significant inputs from superficial layers. This sheds light on the functional architecture of the primate primary motor cortex and how its output is shaped. We also took the unique opportunity in our recording technique to characterize the relationship between intracellular and extracellular spike waveforms, with implications for cell‐type identification in studies in awake behaving monkey. Our results will aid the interpretation of primate studies into motor control involving extracellular spike recordings and electrical stimulation in primary motor cortex.
It's not just what you have, but how you use it: solar‐positional and behavioural effects on hummingbird colour appearance during courtship
Authors: Simpson Richard K. , McGraw Kevin J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnimals exhibit a diversity of colours that can play key roles in mating interactions. However, we presently lack an understanding of the relative importance of the environment, behaviour and natural reflective properties of colourful ornaments in shaping an individual's colour appearance during mating displays. We investigated interactions among structurally based plumage, display environments and courtship shuttle displays of male Costa's hummingbirds (Calypte costae) to test how these elements may differentially contribute to colour appearance during shuttles. Male position relative to the sun was the strongest predictor of colour appearance, with shuttle behaviours and feather reflectance playing smaller roles. Furthermore, male solar orientation and shuttling behaviour (e.g. shuttle width) were repeatable among displays, whereas male colour appearance mostly was not. These results emphasise the contributions of behaviour and environment to colour‐signalling and suggest that relying on reflectance measurements of colourful ornaments alone provides an incomplete picture of ecologically relevant visual phenotypes of displaying animals.
Shifts in the dynamics of productivity signal ecosystem state transitions at the biome‐scale
Authors: Hu Zhongmin , Guo Qun , Li Shenggong , Piao Shilong , Knapp Alan K. , Ciais Philippe , Li Xinrong , Yu Guirui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding ecosystem dynamics and predicting directional changes in ecosystem in response to global changes are ongoing challenges in ecology. Here we present a framework that links productivity dynamics and ecosystem state transitions based on a spatially continuous dataset of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) from the temperate grassland of China. Across a regional precipitation gradient, we quantified spatial patterns in ANPP dynamics (variability, asymmetry and sensitivity to rainfall) and related these to transitions from desert to semi‐arid to mesic steppe. We show that these three indices of ANPP dynamics displayed distinct spatial patterns, with peaks signalling transitions between grassland types. Thus, monitoring shifts in ANPP dynamics has the potential for predicting ecosystem state transitions in the future. Current ecosystem models fail to capture these dynamics, highlighting the need to incorporate more nuanced ecological controls of productivity in models to forecast future ecosystem shifts.
Maintenance of tight junction barrier integrity in cell turnover and skin diseases
Authors: Yokouchi Mariko , Kubo Akiharu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe skin forms a life‐sustaining barrier between the organism and the physical environment. The physical barrier of the skin is mainly comprised of the stratum corneum (SC) and tight junctions (TJs). In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the epidermal TJ function, composition and regulation. In contrast to the SC, TJs are highly dynamic structures. It was discovered that spatiotemporal regulation of dynamic TJ replacement from cell to cell maintains the TJ barrier homeostasis of the skin, despite continuous cellular turnover. This review summarizes current knowledge about how TJ barrier homeostasis is maintained in simple and stratified epithelia, and how diseases and other conditions affect the TJ barrier in the skin.
Factors associated with molar–incisor hypomineralisation in schoolchildren aged 8–10 years: a case–control study
Authors: Dantas‐Neta Neusa Barros , Soares Figueiredo Mariana , Lima Cacilda Castelo Branco , Bendo Cristiane Baccin , Matos de Andrade Éllen Maria , Lima Marina de Deus Moura , Pordeus Isabela Almeida , Paiva Saul Martins 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe aetiology of molar–incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is multifactorial and may involve genetic and environmental factors.AimTo verify the factors associated with MIH in schoolchildren from 8 to 10 years of age.DesignThis is a case–control study with a sample consisting of children aged 8 to 10 years, paired by gender and school type, in a ratio of 1:3. The case group included 186 children with MIH and the control included 558 children without MIH. Data were collected through a semi‐structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Chi‐square, linear‐by‐linear, Mann–Whitney, and logistic regression tests were conducted. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe prevalence of mild MIH was 19.5%, moderate MIH 2.2% and severe MIH 3.2%. An association was observed between MIH with treatment need and a higher mean DMF‐T and decayed and missing teeth (P < 0.05). According to the aetiological factors studied, mothers who presented a fever during pregnancy had a 2.54 times greater chance of having children with severe MIH than mothers who did not present a fever (P = 0.045).ConclusionThe presence of fever during pregnancy and the need for treatment were associated with MIH.
Autonomic responses to tooth clenching in migraineurs—augmented trigeminocardiac reflex?
Authors: Zaproudina Nina , Lipponen Jukka A. , Tarvainen Mika P. , Vierola Anu , Rissanen Saara M. , Karjalainen Pasi A. , Närhi Matti 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundSystemic autonomic changes are well known in migraineurs. Also, masticatory disorders are reported to be associated with migraine. However, if those phenomena are interrelated, and how, is unclear. Moreover, the knowledge on the autonomic responses to masticatory stimuli in migraineurs is limited.ObjectiveTo investigate tooth clenching‐related cardiac autonomic regulation in migraineurs.MethodsWe compared maximal tooth clenching‐induced systemic autonomic responses, indicated by heart rate variability and blood pressure changes, in headache‐free migraineurs (n = 17) and control subjects (n = 22).ResultsLevels of high‐frequency power, reflecting vagal activity, were lower in migraineurs at baseline but increased after tooth clenching whereas in controls they returned to baseline (P < 0.05, mixed model analysis). In multivariate regression model, the presence of migraine predicted the baseline levels of low‐ and high‐frequency power and sympathovagal balance, and the post‐test increase in high‐frequency power, with the attack frequency and side of headache as the modifiers of the measured changes in migraineurs. The painful signs of temporomandibular disorders, found in clinical oral examination, enhanced both maximal changes in RR intervals and post‐test vagal responses to tooth clenching only in migraineurs.ConclusionThe enhanced post‐clenching vagal activation may represent a marker of the augmented trigeminocardiac reflex to stimulation of trigeminal area, sensitised in migraineurs. Our results support an involvement of autonomic mechanisms in migraine pathophysiology and are interesting in terms of interactions between migraine and masticatory disorders, elucidating one potential way how masticatory disorders may aggravate migraine.
Is Sexual Abuse a Unique Predictor of Sexual Risk Behaviors, Pregnancy, and Motherhood in Adolescence?
Authors: Noll Jennie G. , Guastaferro Kate , Beal Sarah J. , Schreier Hannah M. C. , Barnes Jaclyn , Reader Jonathan M. , Font Sarah A. 
Published: July 2018

This study tested sexual abuse as a unique predictor of subsequent adolescent sexual behaviors, pregnancy, and motherhood when in company with other types of maltreatment (physical abuse, neglect) and alternative behavioral, family, and contextual risk factors in a prospective, longitudinal study of maltreated (n = 275) and comparison (n = 239) nulliparous females aged 14–19 years old assessed annually through 19 years old. Hierarchical regression was used to disentangle risk factors that account for the associations of maltreatment type on risky sexual behaviors at 19 years old, adolescent pregnancy, and adolescent motherhood. Findings indicate that sexual and physical abuse remain significant predictors of risky sexual behaviors, and that sexual abuse remains a significant predictor of adolescent motherhood when alternative explanatory variables are controlled.
Führungen durchs „Denkhäuschen‟
Authors: Ortner Jessica 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnhand einer Analyse von Elfriede Jelineks Internetroman Neid (Mein Abfall von allem) (2007–2008) und Thomas Bernhards Roman Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall (1986) geht diese Studie der bisher wenig erforschten Frage nach, inwiefern sich ästhetische Ähnlichkeiten im Schreiben der beiden Autoren finden lassen. Der Artikel zeigt, dass Reflexionen und Abschweifungen in beiden Romanen einen wichtigeren Stellenwert einnehmen als die Geschichte, die die Erzählinstanz vorgibt, erzählen zu wollen. So ist den Romanen eine radikale Absage an eine lineare Schreibweise nachweisbar. Dieses non‐lineare ästhetische Prinzip (Genette) lässt die Handlung der Figuren in den Hintergrund treten und schafft stattdessen eine prominente Erzählinstanz, die Bernhard und Jelinek spielerisch mit ihrer im öffentlichen Raum vorherrschenden „Ich‐Legende“ in Verbindung bringen (Löffler, ). Durch ein bewusstes Spiel mit der Trennlinie zwischen Erzähler, Autor und Figur nehmen die Romane autofiktionale Züge an (Zipfel, ), die Bernhard und Jelinek auf unterschiedliche Weise für einen Verweis auf faschistische Machtstrukturen der österreichischen Gesellschaft nutzen.
A 4‐bp deletion promoter variant (rs984225803) is associated with mild OCA4 among Japanese patients
Authors: Okamura Ken , Hayashi Masahiro , Nakajima Osamu , Kono Michihiro , Abe Yuko , Hozumi Yutaka , Suzuki Tamio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOculocutaneous albinism (OCA) type 4 is one of the most common types of albinism among Japanese population. In some patients who were clinically diagnosed with OCA, we have found a heterozygous pathological mutation in the coding region of SLC45A2, the gene responsible for OCA4, not leading to a DNA‐based diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated pathological variants in the promoter region of SLC45A2 in these patients. The results indicated that the majority of the patients had a 4‐bp deletion in the said region (c.‐492_489delAATG; GenBank accession number: NM_016180; rs984225803) in the contralateral allele. These patients displayed a mild phenotype, especially regarding eye manifestations. The results of the luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay supported the pathological role of the variant. In addition, four of 220 alleles in Japanese normal control subjects also showed the deletion variant, indicating that this variant could possibly be a skin color‐associated variant.
Pulmonary complications after liver transplantation in children: risk factors and impact on early post‐operative morbidity
Authors: Ruchonnet‐Metrailler Isabelle , Blanchon Sylvain , Luthold Samuel , Wildhaber Barbara E. , Rimensberger Peter C. , Barazzone‐Argiroffo Constance , Mc Lin Valérie A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLiver transplantation (LT) is associated with high post‐operative morbidity, despite excellent survival rates. With this retrospective study, we report the incidence of early and late pulmonary complications (PC) after LT, identify modifiable risk factors for PC and analyzed the role of PC in post‐operative ventilation duration and hospital length of stay. In a series of 79 children (0‐16 years) with LT over a 12 years period, early (<3 months post‐LT) and/or late (>3 months post‐LT) PC occurred in 68 patients (86%). Sixty‐four percent (64%) developed early major complications such as pulmonary edema, atelectasis, or pleural effusion. Atelectasis requiring an intervention (P ≤ .02), pulmonary edema (P ≤ .02), or elevated PELD/MELD scores (P = .05) were associated with an increase in total ventilation duration and length of stay in the ICU. Risk factors for early PC included preoperative hypoxemia (P = .005), low serum albumin at LT admission (P = .003), or early rejection (P = .002). About 20% of patients experienced late PC of which 81% were infections. Risk factor assessment prior to LT may ultimately help reduce early PC thereby possibly minimizing post‐operative morbidity and ICU length of stay.
Transgender HIV status, self‐perceived dental care barriers, and residents’ stigma, willingness to treat them in a community dental outreach program: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Samuel Srinivasan Raj , Muragaboopathy Viknesan , Patil Snehal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimAssess the association between high risk transgender (TG) HIV status, self‐perceived barriers toward oral care, and the residents’ stigma and willingness to treat during community dental outreach.MethodsDemographics, tobacco habits, HIV status, willingness for rapid HIV testing, and self‐ perceived oral health, barriers toward oral care were assessed in a cross‐sectional study among 212 transgender in South India. Further, the residents’ stigma across three subscales and residents’ willingness to treat the transgender was evaluated.ResultsOverall, 88% had begging as the sole income, and 93% lived in slums and used some form of tobacco. Oral health was perceived to be poor by more than half, and the mean probing pocket depth (PPD) and decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) was 4.2 mm and 3.67, respectively. The residents reported significantly low regard and willingness to treat TG irrespective of high/low stigma and when the transgender HIV status was positive/do not know. Residents with greater fear of exposure expressed least regard and willingness to treat TG (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe self‐perceived oral health of transgender’ was poor corresponding to the clinical examination findings. Moreover, the stigmatizing attitude and low regard to provide oral care is rampant among the dental residents, which further frustrates dental care.
Sympathoexcitation by hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla
Authors: Koba Satoshi , Hanai Eri , Kumada Nao , Kataoka Naoya , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Watanabe Tatsuo 
Published: July 2018

Key points
Causal relationships between central cardiovascular pathways and sympathetic vasomotor tone have not been evidenced.
This study aimed to verify the sympathoexcitatory role of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (PVN‐RVLM neurons).
By using optogenetic techniques, we demonstrated that stimulation of PVN‐RVLM glutamatergic neurons increased renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure via, at least in part, stimulation of RVLM C1 neurons in rats.
This monosynaptic pathway may function in acute sympathetic adjustments to stressors and/or be a component of chronic sympathetic hyperactivity in pathological conditions such as heart failure.
AbstractThe rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which is known to play an important role in regulating sympathetic vasomotor tone, receives axonal projections from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, no studies have proved that excitation of the PVN neurons that send axonal projections to the RVLM (PVN‐RVLM neurons) causes sympathoexcitation. This study aimed to directly examine the sympathoexcitatory role of PVN‐RVLM neurons. Male rats received microinjections into the PVN with an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector that encoded a hybrid of channelrhodopsin‐2/1 with the reporter tdTomato (ChIEF‐tdTomato), or into the RVLM with a retrograde AAV vector that encoded a channelrhodopsin with green fluorescent protein (ChR2‐GFPretro). Under anaesthesia with urethane and α‐chloralose, photostimulation (473 nm wavelength) of PVN‐RVLM neurons, achieved by laser illumination of either RVLM of ChIEF‐tdTomato rats (n = 8) or PVN of ChR2‐GFPretro rats (n = 4), elicited significant renal sympathoexcitation. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that RVLM adrenergic C1 neurons of ChIEF‐tdTomato rats were closely associated with tdTomato‐labelled, PVN‐derived axons that contained vesicular glutamate transporter 2. In another subset of anaesthetized ChIEF‐tdTomato rats (n = 6), the renal sympathoexcitation elicited by photostimulation of the PVN was suppressed by administering ionotropic glutamate receptor blockers into the RVLM. These results demonstrate that excitation of PVN‐RVLM glutamatergic neurons leads to sympathoexcitation via, at least in part, stimulation of RVLM C1 neurons.