bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Leja Mārcis , Grinberga‐Derica Ieva , Bilgilier Ceren , Steininger Christoph 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis review summarizes recent publications on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. Two major systemic analyses, from Malaysia and Ethiopia, were published. The Brazilian Consensus Conference has stated that H pylori infection is an infectious disease with an indication for antimicrobial therapy. A continuous decrease in H pylori prevalence was reported from many regions worldwide, including Korea, China, Iran, and Austria. A cross‐sectional H pylori prevalence study conducted in the United Arab Emirates found 41% prevalence in a group of healthy children and adults. Several studies from Asia addressed H pylori prevalence in adults undergoing regular checkup. The largest of such studies, performed in Korea, involved 24 471 subjects and reported 41.5% seroprevalence. A relatively smaller study from East China on 3252 subjects reported 27.5% prevalence. In contrast, a study from Spain reported 87.2% seroprevalence. A report on the association between smoking and H pylori seropositivity was published on behalf of the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project—a consortium of epidemiological studies of gastric cancer. Also, other potential risk factors, including occupational risk factors, water supply, and food were analyzed. Gastroesophageal reflux and sexual partners has been associated with a higher risk for H pylori acquisition, and gut microbiota was suggested to play a role in intrafamilial transmission of H pylori. Finally, in a few studies (from Mexico and Japan), the catalytic model for predicting the potential risk of acquiring H pylori infection in the future was used. As anticipated, a further decline in H pylori‐related disease was demonstrated by applying the modeling.
Review: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection 2019
Authors: O'Connor Anthony , Liou Jyh‐Ming , Gisbert Javier P. , O'Morain Colm 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis review summarizes important studies regarding Helicobacter pylori therapy published from May 2018 to May 2019. The main themes that emerge involve studies assessing the efficacy of bismuth‐based regimens. While in recent years the efficacy of bismuth‐based quadruple therapy as a second‐line therapy has been clearly established, there is now substantial evidence that it is the best performing first‐line therapy. Antibiotic resistance was again intensely studied this year, and a clear and dramatic increase in resistance is noted for clarithromycin and levofloxacin; most notably, it may not be possible to support these therapies in most regions of the world much longer without testing. The utility of vonoprazan as an alternative to proton‐pump inhibitor therapy, especially in resistant and difficult to treat groups, has also been considered in greater detail this year, as well as means of supporting and enhancing adherence to therapy. Several studies showed that the diversity of gut microbiota was significantly altered shortly after H pylori eradication. However, the diversity was restored to pre‐treatment state after 2 months in patients treated with triple therapy. More studies are warranted to assess the long‐term changes of gut microbiota after H pylori eradication.
Review: Gastric cancer—Clinical aspects
Authors: Venerito Marino , Link Alexander , Rokkas Theodoros , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) was responsible for over 1 000 000 new cases in 2018 and an estimated 783 000 deaths, making it still the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in both sexes worldwide. Divergent trends for GC incidence were observed in the USA. Incidence rates, particularly for non‐cardia GC, were stable or increasing among persons aged <50 years. In an analysis of data from a public hospital database in Hong Kong, treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with a lower risk of GC, particularly in older subjects who received treatment ≥10 years before. Based on the results of a 16‐year endoscopy‐based follow‐up eradication trial, patients with incomplete‐type intestinal metaplasia (IM) should receive endoscopic surveillance upon H. pylori eradication therapy. Updated guidelines on the endoscopic surveillance of preneoplastic conditions of the stomach (MAPS II) have been published. In the RAINFALL trial, the addition of ramucirumab to a backbone chemotherapy as a first‐line regimen failed to improve overall survival (OS) of patients with metastatic disease. Also, pembrolizumab did not prolong OS when compared to paclitaxel in the second‐line treatment of patients with advanced GC or esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer. Trifluridine/tipiracil improved OS by 2.1 months in the third or further treatment line of patients with advanced GC. In a systematic investigation conducted on Chinese patients with GC, CLDN18‐ARHGAP26/6 fusion was associated with signet‐ring cell content and was prognostic for a worse outcome and predictive for no benefit from oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy. Organoid cultures represent an appealing model that may be applied for therapy response testing in the near future.
Evaluation of the quality characteristics of flour and pasta from fermented cassava roots
Authors: Odey Golden Nka , Lee Won Young 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe study investigated the effect of fermentation of cassava roots on the quality characteristics of flour and pasta. Cassava roots were fermented under natural condition for a period of 12, 36 and 60 h. Physicochemical properties, microbial analysis, pasting properties, in vitro digestibility, X‐ray diffraction analysis of cassava flour, cooking properties, texture profile analysis (TPA) and sensory properties of the pasta were examined. The moisture content, carbohydrate, water absorption capacity, swelling and solubility index of fermented flour increased with an increase in fermentation period. Also, as fermentation progressed, increase in pasting viscosities of cassava flour was observed. The resistant starch (RS) content of cassava flour decreased with increasing period of fermentation. The duration of fermentation process significantly affected textural properties and cooking loss of cassava pasta. Sensory assessment showed that cassava roots fermented for 36 h gave pasta with the most acceptable qualities.
How career facilitators and barriers influence nurses’ professional turnover intention
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yuan , Huang Tzu‐Ling , Wong Alice May‐Kuen , Ho Lun‐Hui , Juan Yeh‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Fang , Teng Ching‐I 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsOur study investigates the influence of career facilitators and barriers on nurses’ improvement of their professional capabilities and their professional turnover intention.BackgroundReducing nurses’ professional turnover intention could help alleviate the global nursing shortage. Nevertheless, little research has addressed how career facilitators and barriers, nurses’ improvement of their professional capabilities and professional turnover intention are related, indicating a gap.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional design.MethodsWe surveyed 502 out of 2,660 full‐time nurses who worked for a medical centre in Taiwan between January–March 2018. Our items were adapted from Cunningham et al. and Teng et al. and had adequate reliability and validity. Structural equation modelling was used to test the study hypotheses.ResultsHuman capital, social capital, and discrimination were positively related to intention to improve professional capabilities. Moreover, intention to improve professional capabilities was positively related to action to improve professional capabilities, which was negatively related to professional turnover intention.ConclusionMost of the career facilitators and even barriers, boost the improvement of professional capabilities and are useful for retaining nurses in the nursing profession.ImpactFindings of this study should have an impact on nursing managers by offering them means to retain nurses, for example, enhancing human capital and social capital among nurses to reduce their turnover intention.
Fuzzy cognitive mapping: An old tool with new uses in nursing research
Authors: Andersson Neil , Silver Hilah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsDescribe the implementation and uses of fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) as a constructive method for meeting the unique and rapidly evolving needs of nursing inquiry and practice.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesDrawing on published scholarship of cognitive mapping from the fields of ecological management, information technology, economics, organizational behaviour and health development, we consider how FCM can contribute to contemporary challenges and aspirations of nursing research.Implications for nursingFuzzy cognitive mapping can generate theory, describe knowledge systems in comparable terms and inform questionnaire design and dialogue. It can help build participant–researcher partnerships, elevate marginalized voices and facilitate intercultural dialogue. As a relatively culturally safe and foundational approach in participatory research, we suggest that FCM should be used in settings of transcultural nursing, patient engagement, person‐ and family‐centred care and research with marginalized populations. FCM is amenable to rigorous analysis and simultaneously allows for greater participation of stakeholders.ConclusionIn highly complex healthcare contexts, FCM can act as a common language for defining challenges and articulating solutions identified within the nursing discipline.ImpactThere is a need to reconcile diverse sources of knowledge to meeting the needs of nursing inquiry. FCM can generate theory, describe knowledge systems, facilitate dialogue and support questionnaire design. In its capacity to engage multiple perspectives in defining problems and identifying solutions, FCM can contribute to advancing nursing research and practice.
Liability of the voltage‐gated potassium channel KCNN3 repeat polymorphism to acute oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity
Authors: Argyriou Andreas A. , Antonacopoulou Anna G. , Alberti Paola , Briani Chiara , Bruna Jordi , Velasco Roser , Anastopoulou Garifallia G. , Park Susanna B. , Cavaletti Guido , Kalofonos Haralabos P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThus far, there are conflicting results on the causal role of K+ channels in the pathogenesis of acute oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OXAIPN). As such, we tested the hypothesis that the voltage‐gated K+ channel KCNN3 repeat polymorphism confers liability to acute OXAIPN. DNA from 151 oxaliplatin‐treated patients for colorectal cancer was extracted and genotyped. The incidence of acute OXIPN was measured by the OXA‐neuropathy questionnaire, while the severity of acute OXAIPN was scored basing on the number of symptoms reported by the patients at each clinical assessment. The increased number of acute symptoms was considered as being suggestive of an increased severity of acute OXAIPN. A total of 130/151 (86.1%) patients developed any grade of acute OXAIPN. Grade I acute neurotoxicity was revealed in 43 (28.5%) patients; grade II in 34 (22.5%); and grade III in 53 (53.1%) patients. Genotyping revealed alleles carrying 11 to 20 CAG repeats. The majority of patients were heterozygous (131; 89.4%). The most common numbers of CAG repeats were 15 (n = 46), 16 (n = 53), and 17 (n = 95). Patients carrying alleles with either 15 to 17 CAG repeats (P = .601) did not experience a higher incidence of grade III (treatment‐emergent) acute OXAIPN. Likewise, no increased incidence of acute treatment‐emergent OXAIPN was noted in heterozygous patients carrying either two short alleles (<19 CAG repeats) or one short and one long (≥19 CAG repeats) allele (P = .701). Our results do not support a causal relationship between the KCNN3CAG repeat polymorphism and acute OXΑIPN.
Coffee intake protects against symptomatic gallstone disease in the general population: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Nordestgaard A. T. , Stender S. , Nordestgaard B. G. , Tybjærg‐Hansen A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesCoffee intake is associated with low risk of symptomatic gallstone disease (GSD). We tested the hypothesis that high coffee intake causally protects against symptomatic GSD using a Mendelian randomization design.MethodsFirst, we tested whether high coffee intake was associated with low risk of GSD in 104 493 individuals from the general population. Mean follow‐up was 8 years (range: <1–13 years). Secondly, we tested whether two genetic variants near CYP1A1/A2 (rs2472297) and AHR (rs4410790), combined as an allele score, were associated with higher coffee intake measured as a continuous variable. Thirdly, we tested whether the allele score was associated with lower risk of GSD in 114 220 individuals including 7294 gallstone events. Mean follow‐up was 38 years (range: <1–40 years).ResultsIn observational analysis, those with coffee intake of >6 cups daily had 23% lower risk of GSD compared to individuals without coffee intake [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.94)]. In genetic analysis, there was a stepwise higher coffee intake of up to 41% (caffeine per day) in individuals with 4 (highest) versus 0 (lowest) coffee intake alleles (P for trend = 3 x 10−178) and a corresponding stepwise lower risk of GSD up to 19%[HR = 0.81 (0.69–0.96)]. The estimated observational odds ratio for GSD for a one cup per day higher coffee intake was 0.97 (0.96–0.98), equal to 3% lower risk. The corresponding genetic odds ratio was 0.89 (0.83–0.95), equal to 11% lower risk.ConclusionHigh coffee intake is associated observationally with low risk of GSD, and with genetic evidence to support a causal relationship.
Electronic cigarette use and sleep health in young adults
Authors: Brett Emma I. , Miller Mary Beth , Leavens Eleanor L. S. , Lopez Susanna V. , Wagener Theodore L. , Leffingwell Thad R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPoor sleep health is associated with numerous health concerns, and sleep problems are exacerbated by cigarette smoking. Although rates of traditional tobacco use are declining, rates of electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use are comparatively high and growing. Given that nicotine is a primary mechanism by which smoking negatively impacts sleep health, e‐cigarette use may also be linked to poor sleep health; however, no research has investigated this association. Participants were 1,664 college students, 40.9% of whom reported ever trying or currently using an e‐cigarette. Questionnaires assessed demographic information, sleep health and e‐cigarette use status and patterns. All measures were completed remotely via a secure online survey. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the sleep health of daily/non‐daily e‐cigarette users to (a) non‐users and (b) users of combustible cigarettes. Gender and drinks per week were included as covariates in analyses. Current combustible and e‐cigarette users reported significantly more sleep difficulties than never users. Users of e‐cigarettes reported greater use of sleep medication than combustible cigarette users. Similar to combustible cigarette smoking, e‐cigarette use (vs. non‐use) was associated with worse sleep health, even among non‐daily e‐cigarette users. These findings may indicate a need for assessment of and education on the role of e‐cigarette use in sleep health among individuals who report experimentation with or current use of e‐cigarettes. Future research should examine these relationships prospectively.
Automated building image extraction from 360° panoramas for postdisaster evaluation
Authors: Lenjani Ali , Yeum Chul Min , Dyke Shirley , Bilionis Ilias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAfter a disaster, teams of structural engineers collect vast amounts of images from damaged buildings to obtain new knowledge and extract lessons from the event. However, in many cases, the images collected are captured without sufficient spatial context. When damage is severe, it may be quite difficult to even recognize the building. Accessing images of the predisaster condition of those buildings is required to accurately identify the cause of the failure or the actual loss in the building. Here, to address this issue, we develop a method to automatically extract pre‐event building images from 360° panorama images (panoramas). By providing a geotagged image collected near the target building as the input, panoramas close to the input image location are automatically downloaded through street view services (e.g., Google or Bing in the United States). By computing the geometric relationship between the panoramas and the target building, the most suitable projection direction for each panorama is identified to generate high‐quality 2D images of the building. Region‐based convolutional neural networks are exploited to recognize the building within those 2D images. Several panoramas are used so that the detected building images provide various viewpoints of the building. To demonstrate the capability of the technique, we consider residential buildings in Holiday Beach in Rockport, Texas, United States, that experienced significant devastation in Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Using geotagged images gathered during actual postdisaster building reconnaissance missions, we verify the method by successfully extracting residential building images from Google Street View images, which were captured before the event.
Becoming an enabler of everyday activity: Health professionals in home care services experiences of working with reablement
Authors: Liaaen Janne , Vik Kjersti 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundReablement services aim at improving participation in everyday activities at home and in the local community for older adults, focusing on the older adults' resources and goal for participation. Reablement services have been implemented in a number of municipalities in Scandinavia. To our knowledge, there are a few studies focusing on home care service providers experience working within the frame of reablement.AimTo provide knowledge regarding how home care service providers working with reablement in the home care setting describe their experiences.MethodsThe study had a qualitative design and included five focus group discussions with 25 healthcare professionals working in community health care in two municipalities. The data were analysed using a grounded theory approach.ResultThe analysis illustrated how the participants experienced both engagement and challenges working with reablement. This was identified by the two categories: creating sustainable change and negotiating the line between helping and enabling. The first described how increased focus on enabling participation among the service recipients created sustainable changes for the older adults and was considered a positive change for both the recipients and the health professionals. The latter showed how the participants found working with reablement as a process of negotiation. This was what the health professionals found most challenging with reablement.ConclusionWorking within the frame of reablement offered the service providers, a framework for being more flexible in meeting the fluctuating needs of the older adults. This was done by increasingly utilise ones' clinical skills and changing from providing passive care to working on increasing the older persons' participation in everyday activities. Working with reablement also created challenges. This was related to the health professionals perceived expectations of what some of the older adults expected home care to be and caused ambivalence.Implications for practiceNurses and healthcare workers should focus on older adults' resources and goals in order to give services that enhance participation in daily activities.
Representative bureaucracy, international organizations and public service bargains
Authors: Christensen Johan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcademic interest in the administrative aspects of international organizations is on the rise. Yet, an issue that has received little attention is bureaucratic representation—the extent to which international bureaucracies are representative of the polity that they serve. The article theorizes the rationales for and forms of representative bureaucracy in international organizations by combining insights from the representative bureaucracy literature with the ‘public service bargains’ framework. It argues that bureaucratic representation is highly relevant in international organizations, given the diverse polity these organizations serve and their precarious legitimacy. It distinguishes three types of representational ‘bargains’ between international organizations and those they serve, centred on power, equal opportunities and diversity, and discusses under which conditions each type of bargain is likely to be struck. The argument contributes to discussions about representative bureaucracy in international organizations and to broader theoretical debates about international public administration.
How is paranoia experienced in a student population? A qualitative study of students scoring highly on a paranoia measure
Authors: Harper David J. , Timmons Caoilfhionn 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesRecent studies have suggested that students may experience high levels of paranoia. This study aimed to explore both experiences of paranoia and coping strategies in students scoring at high levels on a measure of paranoia.DesignThis was a qualitative study which utilized a quantitative measure to identify potential participants.MethodsFrom an overall sample of 174 London‐based university students in the United Kingdom, a sub‐sample of 31 students with the highest total scores on the Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale were invited to interview resulting in interviews with seven students (six female and one male) aged between 20 and 36 (M = 28.14). A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted from a critical realist standpoint.ResultsTwo key foci structured the analysis: perceived causal influences on paranoia (comprised of ‘historical contexts fostering mistrust’; ‘finding a social situation strange’; ‘anticipating threat’; and ‘evaluating the concern’) and living with paranoia (comprised of ‘effects on everyday life’ and ‘trying to minimize the effects of paranoia and regaining control’).ConclusionsKey aspects of the findings discussed in the context of the literature include paranoia as a threat heuristic; the role of internal and external dialogues; the influence of gender on content; and the importance of meaning in life as a coping resource.Practitioner points

Paranoia may be a significant issue for some students.
Paranoia needs to be seen in the context of past aversive experiences.
Dialogical approaches may be useful in developing new therapeutic narratives.
Valued social roles, activities, and responsibilities may be an important coping resource.