bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of direct oral anticoagulants vs warfarin in patients with chronic liver disease and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Goriacko Pavel , Veltri Keith T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundA complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) is the abnormality of coagulation. In clinical practice, this increased risk of bleeding has not been identified as a protective factor against stroke or systemic embolism associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of this study was to assess the safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents vs warfarin in CLD patients with AF.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients with CLD and AF initiated on oral anticoagulants. Rates of all‐cause bleeding were compared between warfarin and DOAC agents. Secondary endpoints included rates of major bleeding and other risk factors for bleeding on anticoagulant therapy.ResultsThe all‐cause bleeding rates were similar between the groups, with 8.4% per year in the DOAC (n = 75) group and 8.8% in warfarin (n = 158) group (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4‐1.8). No significant difference was noted in the rate of major bleeding. In the multivariable model, higher MELD‐XI score and previous bleed were risk factors associated with increased bleeding.ConclusionNo significant differences in bleeding rates were noted in patients treated with warfarin and DOAC agents. Further studies evaluating DOAC agents are needed to better understand the optimal anticoagulation strategy in setting of CLD.
On behalf of controversial view agnosticism
Authors: Carter J. Adam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractControversial view agnosticism (CVA) is the thesis that we are rationally obligated to withhold judgment about a large portion of our beliefs in controversial subject areas, such as philosophy, religion, morality, and politics. Given that one's social identity is in no small part of a function of one's positive commitments in controversial areas, CVA has unsurprisingly been regarded as objectionably “spineless.” That said, CVA seems like an unavoidable consequence of a prominent view in the epistemology of disagreement—conformism—according to which the rational response to discovering that someone you identify as an epistemic peer or expert aboutpdisagrees with you vis‐à‐vispis to withhold judgment. This paper proposes a novel way to maintain the core conciliatory insight without devolving into an agnosticism that is objectionably spineless. The approach offered takes as a starting point the observation that—for reasons that will be made clear—the contemporary debate has bypassed the issue of the reasonableness of maintaining, rather than giving up, representational statesweakerthan belief in controversial areas. The new position developed and defended here explores this overlooked space; what results is a kind of controversial view agnosticism that is compatible with the kinds of commitments that are integral to social identity.
Diabetes and intracerebral hemorrhage: baseline characteristics and mortality
Authors: Liebkind R. , Gordin D. , Strbian D. , Meretoja A. , Thorn L. M. , Hägg‐Holmberg S. , Forsblom C. , Tatlisumak T. , Groop P.‐H. , Putaala J. 
Published: February 2018

Background and purposeAcknowledging the conflicting evidence for diabetes as a predictor of short‐ and long‐term mortality following an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), we compared baseline characteristics and 30‐day and long‐term mortality between patients with and without diabetes after an ICH, paying special attention to differences between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes.MethodsPatients with a first‐ever ICH were followed for a median of 2.3 years. Adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and documented ICH characteristics increasing mortality after ICH, logistic regression analysis assessed factors associated with case fatality and 1‐year survival among the 30‐day survivors. Diabetes was compared with patients without diabetes in separate models as (i) any diabetes and (ii) T1D or T2D.ResultsOf our 969 patients, 813 (83.9%) had no diabetes, 41 (4.2%) had T1D and 115 (11.9%) had T2D. Compared with patients without diabetes, those with diabetes were younger, more often men and more frequently had hypertension, coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease, with similar ICH characteristics. Patients with T1D were younger, more often had chronic kidney disease and brainstem ICH, and less often had atrial fibrillation and lobar ICH, than did patients with T2D. Diabetes had no impact on case fatality. Any diabetes (odds ratio, 2.57; 1.19–5.52), T1D (odds ratio, 7.04; 1.14–43.48) and T2D (odds ratio, 2.32; 1.04–5.17) were independently associated with 1‐year mortality.ConclusionsPatients with ICH with diabetes exhibited a distinct pattern of comorbidities and disease characteristics with specific differences between T1D and T2D. Despite their younger age, T1D seems to carry a substantially higher likelihood of long‐term mortality after an ICH than does T2D.
Negative governmentality through fundamental rights: The far side of the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Ali 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis essay analyses those statements that mention legal norms in negative terms. Specifically, it analyses those statements that define a legal system by mentioning how legal protection does not work and where legal protection ends, and those statements that identify what rights‐holders do not have to with their legally protected free capacities. This essay argues that these statements address a systemic question. It calls such a dynamic as negative governmentality. The argument proceeds in four steps. It introduces the concept of negative governmentality by arguing that the idea of freedom requires both the positive affirmation of moral agency and the constraining of moral agency (Section 2). It then explores how rights constitute freedom by limiting rights or making exceptions to them (Section 3). Later, it analyses how rights‐based norms prevent abuse of rights by holders of rights (Section 4). Finally, it sees how rights‐based norms constrain the legal guarantor of rights, i.e., a state (Section 5). The essay concludes by mentioning the importance of negative governmentality (Section 6).
Ongoing changes in migration phenology and winter residency at Bracken Bat Cave
Authors: Stepanian Phillip M. , Wainwright Charlotte E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBats play an important role in agroecology and are effective bioindicators of environmental conditions, but little is known about their fundamental migration ecology, much less how these systems are responding to global change. Some of the world's largest bat populations occur during the summer in the south‐central United States, when millions of pregnant females migrate from lower latitudes to give birth in communal maternity colonies. Despite a relatively large volume of research into these colonies, many fundamental questions regarding their abundance—including their intra‐ and interseasonal variability—remain unanswered, and even estimating the size of individual populations has been a long‐running challenge. Overall, monitoring these bat populations at high temporal resolution (e.g., nightly) and across long time spans (e.g., decades) has been impossible. Here, we show 22 continuous years of nightly population counts at Bracken Cave, a large bat colony in south‐central Texas, enabling the first climate‐scale phenological analysis. Using quantitative radar monitoring, we found that spring migration and the summer reproductive cycle have advanced by approximately 2 weeks over the study period. Furthermore, we quantify the ongoing growth of a newly—established overwintering population that indicates a system‐wide response to changing environmental conditions. Our observations reveal behavioral plasticity in bats’ ability to adapt to changing resource availability, and provide the first long‐term quantification of their response to a changing climate. As aerial insectivores, these changes in bat phenology and propensity for overwintering indicate probable shifts in prey availability, with clear implications for pest management across wider regional agrisystems.
Social network analysis: Presenting an underused method for nursing research
Authors: Parnell James Michael , Robinson Jennifer C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThis paper introduces social network analysis as a versatile method with many applications in nursing research.BackgroundSocial networks have been studied for years in many social science fields. The methods continue to advance but remain unknown to most nursing scholars.DesignDiscussion paper.Data SourcesEnglish language and interpreted literature was searched from Ovid Healthstar, CINAHL, PubMed Central, Scopus and hard copy texts from 1965 ‐ 2017.DiscussionSocial network analysis first emerged in nursing literature in 1995 and appears minimally through present day. To convey the versatility and applicability of social network analysis in nursing, hypothetical scenarios are presented. The scenarios are illustrative of three approaches to social network analysis and include key elements of social network research design.Implications for NursingThe methods of social network analysis are underused in nursing research, primarily because they are unknown to most scholars. However, there is methodological flexibility and epistemological versatility capable of supporting quantitative and qualitative research. The analytic techniques of social network analysis can add new insight into many areas of nursing inquiry, especially those influenced by cultural norms. Furthermore, visualization techniques associated with social network analysis can be used to generate new hypotheses.ConclusionSocial network analysis can potentially uncover findings not accessible through methods commonly used in nursing research. Social networks can be analysed based on individual‐level attributes, whole networks and subgroups within networks. Computations derived from social network analysis may stand alone to answer a research question or incorporated as variables into robust statistical models.
Association Between Knee Pain, Impaired Function, and Development of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Sugai Keiko , Takeda‐Imai Fujimi , Michikawa Takehiro , Nakamura Takahiro , Takebayashi Toru , Nishiwaki Yuji 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the association between knee pain and function and depressive symptoms in older Japanese adults.DesignCommunity‐based prospective cohort study.SettingKurabuchi Town, Gumma Prefecture, Japan.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (N = 573; n = 260 men, n = 313 women) without depressive symptoms participated in baseline examinations in 2005 and 2006; 95.6% participated in follow‐up interviews (2007–08).MeasurementsDegree of knee pain and functional impairment was assessed at baseline using a self‐administered questionnaire in Japanese based on an English version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to identify depressive symptoms in face‐to‐face home‐visit interviews conducted 2 years later, and the association between knee pain and functional impairment and depressive symptoms was assessed using logistic regression.ResultsDuring the 2‐year follow‐up, 11.9% of participants developed depressive symptoms, and pain and functional impairment were found to be associated with development of these symptoms. Pain at night while in bed (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–4.9) and difficulty putting on socks (aOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.8–7.5), getting into and out of a car (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.8–6.5), and taking off socks (aOR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.5–6.5) were found to be most strongly associated with development of depressive symptoms.ConclusionExamining elderly people's responses to questions about pain at night and difficulties performing daily activities may be an efficient way of identifying those at high risk of developing depressive symptoms.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of double primary endometrial and colorectal cancers in a single institution
Authors: Lee Hyun J. , Choi Min C. , Jang Ja‐Hyun , Jung Sang G. , Park Hyun , Joo Won D. , Kim Tae H. , Lee Chan , Lee Je H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the clinicopathologic and genetic correlations between double primary endometrial and colorectal cancer related to Lynch syndrome and to analyze germline mutations in mismatch repair genes in endometrial cancer patients in Korea.MethodsThirteen patients diagnosed with pathologically endometrial and colorectal cancer between January 2005 and November 2016 in a single institution were enrolled in the study. The medical records were retrospectively analyzed. The genetic mutational information of endometrial cancer in Korea was retrieved from the literature review.ResultsEndometrial cancer was diagnosed first in eight (62%) patients, and one patient was diagnosed with colorectal cancer first. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma was reported in 10 of 13 (77%) endometrial cancer patients. Endometrial cancer was found at the low uterine segment in three patients. Three of four patients had high microsatellite instability. The loss of mismatch repair proteins was confirmed in 7 of 11 cases using immunohistochemistry. Four patients fulfilled clinical criteria based on a family history of cancer. Overall, the incidence of suspected Lynch syndrome was 77% (10/13). Four of them underwent genetic testing and three were found to have a pathogenic germline mutation. A possible founder mutation, c.1757_1758insC in MLH1, was observed in 21 germline mutation information from literature review.ConclusionThe present study describes the clinicopathologic data of double primary endometrial and colorectal cancer patients and supports that these patients should undergo closed approach for Lynch syndrome. Moreover, a possible founder mutation in Korean endometrial cancer patients was identified.
Contextualizing the effects of job complexity on creativity and task performance: Extending job design theory with social and contextual contingencies
Authors: Chae Heesun , Choi Jin Nam 
Published: February 2018

The dynamic nature of work underscores the necessity of reassessing the effect of job design by considering the role of employee proactive behaviour and distinct work contexts. This study identifies creativity as a critical proactive behaviour that differentially explains the effect of job complexity on task performance across varying levels of growth need strength (GNS), supervisor support for creativity (SSC), and task interdependence. Our analysis supports the mediating role of creativity in the relationship between job complexity and task performance. The tests of conditional indirect effects show that the moderating role of GNS is positive only when task interdependence is low. By contrast, SSC positively moderates the effect of job complexity only when task interdependence is high. These findings suggest the necessity of considering task interdependence in applying job design theory to explain the proactive behaviour and task performance of employees in emerging forms of work.Practitioner points

This study shows that creativity explains how job complexity affects task performance.

Growth need strength accentuates the effect of job complexity on employee creativity and performance only when task interdependence is low.

Supervisor support for creativity positively moderates the effect of job complexity on employee creativity and performance only when task interdependence is high.
Optimized methods of chromatin immunoprecipitation for profiling histone modifications in industrial microalgae Nannochloropsis spp.
Authors: Wei Li , Xu Jian 
Published: February 2018

Epigenetic factors such as histone modifications play integral roles in plant development and stress response, yet their implications in algae remain poorly understood. In the industrial oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis spp., the lack of an efficient methodology for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), which determines the specific genomic location of various histone modifications, has hindered probing the epigenetic basis of their photosynthetic carbon conversion and storage as oil. Here, a detailed ChIP protocol was developed for Nannochloropsis oceanica, which represents a reliable approach for the analysis of histone modifications, chromatin state, and transcription factor‐binding sites at the epigenetic level. Using ChIP‐qPCR, genes related to photosynthetic carbon fixation in this microalga were systematically assessed. Furthermore, a ChIP‐Seq protocol was established and optimized, which generated a genome‐wide profile of histone modification events, using histone mark H3K9Ac as an example. These results are the first step for appreciation of the chromatin landscape in industrial oleaginous microalgae and for epigenetics‐based microalgal feedstock development.
Invasive pneumococcal infections in pediatric liver‐small bowel‐pancreas transplant recipients
Authors: Vo Hanh D. , Florescu Diana F. , Brown Cindy R. , Chambers Heather E. , Mercer David F. , Vargas Luciano M. , Grant Wendy J. , Langnas Alan N. , Quiros‐Tejeira Ruben E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildren undergoingLSBPTx are at increased risk ofIPIdue to splenectomy. We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes ofIPIin pediatricLSBPTx recipients. Between 2008 and 2016, 122LSBPTx children at our center were retrospectively reviewed. Nine patients had 12 episodes ofIPI; the median age at first infection was 3.5 years (range: 1.5‐7.1 years). The median time from transplant to first infection was 3 years (range: 0.8‐5.8 years). Clinical presentation included as follows: pneumonia (n = 1), bacteremia/sepsis (n = 7), pneumonia with sepsis (n = 1), meningitis with sepsis (n = 2), pneumonia and meningitis with sepsis (n = 1). The overall risk forIPIwas 7.4% or 0.9% per year. The mortality rate was 22%. Seven (78%) children had received at least one dose ofPCV13, four (44%) patients had received 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine prior toIPI. All patients were on oral penicillin prophylaxis. In conclusion, despite partial or complete pneumococcal immunization and reported antimicrobial prophylaxis,IPIinLSBPTx children can have a fatal outcome. Routine monitoring of pneumococcal serotype antibodies to determine the timing for revaccination might be warranted to ensure protective immunity in these transplant recipients.
Suicidal Ideation in First‐Episode Psychosis (FEP): Examination of Symptoms of Depression and Psychosis Among Individuals in an Early Phase of Treatment
Authors: Bornheimer Lindsay A. 
Published: February 2018

First‐episode psychosis (FEP) is a particularly high‐risk period for suicide, in which risk elevates by 60% within a first year of treatment as compared to later stages of illness. To date, much of the literature has focused on individuals with a longer duration of psychosis; thus, there is an urgency for research to examine suicide risk among individuals in FEP in the beginning stage of treatment. This study aimed to identify the relationships between demographic characteristics, symptoms of depression, psychosis (particularly positive symptoms of psychosis), and suicidal ideation among individuals in FEP. Secondary data were obtained from National Institute of Mental Health's Early Treatment Program of the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode project (N = 404). Consistent with prior research, participants who experienced suicidal ideation during the study period reported having a longer duration of untreated psychosis and greater symptoms of depression. Further, positive symptoms of psychosis, namely hallucinations and delusions, were found to increase the odds of experiencing suicidal ideation. Findings point toward the implication that depression and positive symptoms of psychosis relate to the experience of suicidal ideation among individuals with a FEP and should be evaluated for and treated in the early stages of treatment.
Instructional immediacy in the Chinese quantitative reasoning classroom
Authors: Kelly Stephanie , Liu Liping , Denton Zachary , Lee Clinton , Croucher Stephen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present investigation examined instructor immediacy behaviors, students' perceptions of those behaviors, and student math anxiety in Chinese classrooms. Consistent with the American college classroom, a simple causal chain was anticipated in which instructor immediacy behaviors positively induced a psychological response to immediacy, which had a negative influence on math anxiety. Study 1 tested this model in the Chinese college classroom and the model failed. It was speculated that perhaps given the high testing admission standards of Chinese colleges (i.e., the GaoKao), that Chinese college students were a biased sample of only students who had learned to manage their anxieties. Thus, in Study 2, the model was retested among junior and senior high Chinese students. Among junior and senior high Chinese students, the model fit well.
The checkpoint kinase TOR (target of rapamycin) regulates expression of a nuclear‐encoded chloroplast RelA‐SpoT homolog (RSH) and modulates chloroplast ribosomal RNA synthesis in a unicellular red alga
Authors: Imamura Sousuke , Nomura Yuhta , Takemura Tokiaki , Pancha Imran , Taki Keiko , Toguchi Kazuki , Tozawa Yuzuru , Tanaka Kan 
Published: February 2018

SummaryChloroplasts are plant organelles that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. Chloroplast biogenesis depends upon chloroplast ribosomes and their translational activity. However, regulation of chloroplast ribosome biogenesis remains an important unanswered question. In this study, we found that inhibition of target of rapamycin (TOR), a general eukaryotic checkpoint kinase, results in a decline in chloroplast ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription in the unicellular red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Upon TOR inhibition, transcriptomics and other analyses revealed increased expression of a nuclear‐encoded chloroplast RelA‐SpoT homolog (RSH) gene (CmRSH4b), which encodes a homolog of the guanosine 3′‐diphosphate 5′‐diphosphate (ppGpp) synthetases that modulate rRNA synthesis in bacteria. Using an Escherichia coli mutant lacking ppGpp, CmRSH4b was demonstrated to have ppGpp synthetase activity. Expression analysis of a green fluorescent protein‐fused protein indicated that CmRSH4b localizes to the chloroplast, and overexpression of the CmRSH4b gene resulted in a decrease of chloroplast rRNA synthesis concomitant with growth inhibition and reduction of chloroplast size. Biochemical analyses using C. merolae cell lysates or purified recombinant proteins revealed that ppGpp inhibits bacteria‐type RNA polymerase‐dependent chloroplast rRNA synthesis as well as a chloroplast guanylate kinase. These results suggest that CmRSH4b‐dependent ppGpp synthesis in chloroplasts is an important regulator of chloroplast rRNA transcription. Nuclear and mitochondrial rRNA transcription were both reduced by TOR inhibition, suggesting that the biogeneses of the three independent ribosome systems are interconnected by TOR in plant cells.
Pharmaceutical cost‐sharing systems and savings for healthcare systems from parallel trade
Authors: Birg Laura 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the consequences of parallel trade in a two‐country model. It compares a coinsurance scheme (consumers pay a percentage of the drug price) and an indemnity insurance scheme (reimbursement is independent of the drug price) with respect to changes in copayments and public health expenditure. In the destination country, copayments for patients decrease to a larger extent under indemnity insurance, whereas reductions in public health expenditure occur only under coinsurance. In the source country, copayments increase less under coinsurance, whereas health expenditure is reduced more under indemnity insurance. In both countries, total expenditure under parallel trade is lower.