bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐organized experimenting with experience boxes
Authors: Wagner Walter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractErfahrungskisten sind ein Komplettangebot für einen zeitlich sehr begrenzten Rahmen (20‐40 Minuten). Die Anleitungen dazu enthalten jeweils Problemorientierung, Experimentier‐Angebot auf Stoff‐Ebene, abgestufte Lernhilfen, Erklärungsangebot auf Teilchen‐Ebene, Kontroll‐Aufgaben und die Möglichkeit für Selbsteinschätzung. Die zurzeit verfügbaren 40 Kisten sind nach den Grundsätzen der Montessori‐Materialien (s. u.) konzipiert und an den praktischen Einsatz in chemischen Fachräumen angepasst. Sie sind prinzipiell in allen Jahrgangsstufen von 5–13 einsetzbar. Ihre volle Leistung entfalten sie allerdings bei Wochenplanarbeit im selbstorganisierten Lernen (SOL). Das Material heißt Erfahrungskiste, weil es den Zugang zu chemischen Inhalten nach der induktiven Vorgehensweise durch das Ermöglichen von Erfahrungen stützt. Alle Anleitungen, die zum Bau der Kisten erforderlich sind, sind im Internet in bearbeitbarem Format zugänglich.
Computational modelling of magnesium stent mechanical performance in a remodelling artery: Effects of multiple remodelling stimuli
Authors: Boland Enda L. , Grogan James A. , McHugh Peter E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSignificant research has been conducted in the area of coronary stents/scaffolds made from resorbable metallic and polymeric biomaterials. These next‐generation bioabsorbable stents have the potential to completely revolutionise the treatment of coronary artery disease.The primary advantage of resorbable devices over permanent stents is their temporary presence which, from a theoretical point of view, means only a healed coronary artery will be left behind following degradation of the stent potentially eliminating long‐term clinical problems associated with permanent stents. The healing of the artery following coronary stent/scaffold implantation is crucial for the long‐term safety of these devices.Computational modelling can be used to evaluate the performance of complex stent devices in silico and assist in the design and development and understanding of the next‐generation resorbable stents. What is lacking in computational modelling literature is the representation of the active response of the arterial tissue in the weeks and months following stent implantation, ie, neointimal remodelling, in particular for the case of biodegradable stents.In this paper, a computational modelling framework is developed, which accounts for two major physiological stimuli responsible for neointimal remodelling and combined with a magnesium corrosion model that is capable of simulating localised pitting (realistic) stent corrosion. The framework is used to simulate different neointimal growth patterns and to explore the effects the neointimal remodelling has on the mechanical performance (scaffolding support) of the bioabsorbable magnesium stent.
Hydrosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Iron Iminobipyridine Complexes and Accelerated by Lewis Bases
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuaki , Izumori Yosuke , Taguchi Daisuke , Nakazawa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFe‐iminobipyridine complexes ((RBPIAr,R′)FeBr2, RBPIAr,R′=iminobipyridine derivatives) were found to exhibit good catalytic activity for hydrosilylation of ketones. The highest TOF (turnover frequency) was obtained for the hydrosilylation of 2‐octanone with phenylsilane (4190 min−1). The reactions of various 4‐substituted acetophenone derivatives revealed that the introduction of an electron‐withdrawing group at the 4‐position retarded the reaction. The TOF of the hydrosilylation of 4‐chloroacetophenone with diphenylsilane was quite low (30 min−1), however the addition of a catalytic amount of Lewis base, especially pyridine, dramatically accelerated this hydrosilylation (980 min−1). Comparison of this additive effect for several N‐donor ligands revealed that the coordination ability of the N‐donor ligand was responsible for the acceleration. The rate determining step in the hydrosilylation of ketones appeared to be the reductive elimination of alkoxy and silyl groups from the iron center, which was facilitated by the coordination of N‐donor ligand to the iron. This coordination ability of the N‐donor ligand, however, inhibited olefin hydrosilylation. Addition of KOtBu instead of N‐donor also showed the same acceleration and inhibition effects on ketone and olefin hydrosilylations, respectively.
Cytotoxicity of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Chen Zhibin , Patwari Manika , Liu Dawei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to test cytotoxicity of four brands of commercially available orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs).Setting and sample populationTwenty‐four (six for each brand, i.e., Aarhus [AO]; Dual top [RMO]; Vector TAS [ORMCO]; and Unitek TAD [3M UNITEK]) TADs were tested.Materials and methodsTwenty‐four (six for each brand, i.e., Aarhus [AO]; Dual top [RMO]; Vector TAS [ORMCO]; and Unitek TAD [3M UNITEK]) TADs were individually incubated in complete cell culture medium and shaken at a rate of 1.5 rpm at 37°C for 30 days to extract possible toxic substances in conditioned media (CM). To test cytotoxicity, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to the CM for 24 hr, followed by the examinations of morphological changes, cell viability (MTT assay), and cell damage (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] assay).ResultsNo morphological changes were observed in any of the four brands of TADs compared with the negative control. LDH assay showed that none of the four brands of TADs caused significant cell damage after CM treatment compared with the negative control (P > .05). No significant differences were found between any of the four brands of TADs (P > .05). MTT assay showed similar results as did the LDH assay, except for a statistically significant difference found in the TADs from 3M UNITEK compared with the negative control (P = .047).ConclusionsAccording to the International Standard Organization standards, except for the TAD from 3M, none of the other three brands of commercially available TADs (from AO, RMO, and ORMCO) exhibited significant cytotoxicity, suggesting their safe clinical applications.
Association between oral diseases and impact on daily performance among male Saudi schoolchildren
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah Ali H , Alhassan Eltayeb Mohammed , Albanghali Mohammad Aref 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about exploring the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of school children in Saudi Arabia. The importance of examining this topic has centred on its ability to measure associations between the oral symptoms, impacts and clinical measures. This study aims to explore associations between the (OHRQoL) based on the children's Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (Child‐OIDP) index and oral diseases of Saudi school children living in Albaha region.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between November 2017 to January 2018 using two‐stage randomised sampling technique. The oral diseases and impacts were examined using the World Health Organization's (1997) guidelines and the Child‐OIDP index, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version 20.0. Chi‐squared, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used, as appropriate.ResultsIn total 349 Saudi male school children, 12 to 15 years old, were recruited. The Child‐OIDPrate was significantly high (75.1%). The participants reported minor, moderate and major (severe) oral impacts (29.4%, 50%, and 20.6% respectively). The overall mean of the Child‐OIDP score was 2.15±1.40.ConclusionsThe high overall Child‐OIDP score was in accordance with the participants' dental status. Further research should focus on improving knowledge and implementing education programmes to advance the community's oral diseases and practices.
Galectin‐3 as a candidate upstream biomarker for quantifying risks of myocardial ageing
Authors: Keng Bryan M.H. , Gao Fei , Ewe See Hooi , Tan Ru San , Teo Louis L.Y. , Xie Bei Qi , Koh Woon‐Puay , Koh Angela S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsGalectin‐3 (Gal‐3) is implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure and is also influenced by ageing. This study aims to determine the extent to which Gal‐3 levels estimate odds of myocardial dysfunction in ageing cohorts, ‘upstream’ prior to clinical disease.Methods and resultsFour hundred seventy‐five asymptomatic subjects underwent simultaneous assessments of cardiovascular structure and function, with measurements of circulating Gal‐3. Myocardial dysfunction was defined as impaired myocardial relaxation (ratio of peak velocity flow in early diastole E (m/s) to peak velocity flow in late diastole by atrial contraction A (m/s) <0.84) (mean E/A ratio 0.84 in the cohort). Of 475 subjects (mean age 68 ± 12 years, 231 women), 222 (47%) had myocardial dysfunction. Subjects with myocardial dysfunction were older (mean age 73 ± 5 vs. 64 ± 14 years, P < 0.0001), and more had hypertension (59 vs. 40%, P < 0.0001), dyslipidaemia (54 vs. 39%, P = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (25 vs. 14%, P = 0.002), higher body mass index (BMI) (24 vs. 23 kg/m2, P = 0.002), and higher heart rate (76 vs. 71 b.p.m., P = 0.0001). Participants with impaired myocardial relaxation had lower peak velocity flow in early diastole E (0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 m/s, P < 0.0001), higher peak velocity flow in late diastole by atrial contraction A (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 m/s, P < 0.0001), and higher mitral valve flow deceleration time (224.7 ± 43.2 vs. 204.8 ± 33.1 m/s, P < 0.0001). Participants with impaired myocardial relaxation had higher Gal‐3 levels (17.2 ± 6.2 vs. 15.5 ± 4.1, P = 0.0004) but similar B‐type natriuretic peptide (37 ± 4 vs. 34 ± 29, P = 0.37) and high‐sensitivity troponin I (21 ± 72 vs. 11 ± 41, P = 0.061) levels and urine microalbumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (4.6 ± 8.1 vs. 4.2 ± 10.8, P = 0.75) compared with those without impaired myocardial relaxation. After multivariable adjustments, Gal‐3 [odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.10, P = 0.039], age (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.64–4.11, P < 0.0001), BMI (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.44–3.23, P < 0.0001), and heart rate (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06, P < 0.0001) were associated with impaired myocardial relaxation. Adjusted ORs (95% CI) for myocardial dysfunction were 1.0 (ref), 1.62 (0.92–2.85), 1.92 (1.08–3.41), and 2.01 (1.11–3.66) across consecutive quartiles of Gal‐3 after adjustment for age, BMI, risk factors, and heart rate.ConclusionsAmong asymptomatic community‐dwelling elderly adults, the highest quartile of Gal‐3 was associated with two‐fold increased odds of myocardial dysfunction compared with the lowest quartile of Gal‐3. Gal‐3 may have a role as an ‘upstream’ biomarker in estimating odds of myocardial ageing prior to clinical disease.
Sympathetic efferent neurons are less sensitive than nociceptors to 4 Hz sinusoidal stimulation
Authors: Jonas Robin , Namer Barbara , Schnakenberg Mark , Soares Sabrina , Pakalniskis Julius , Carr Richard , Schmelz Martin , Rukwied Roman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSinusoidal current stimuli preferentially activate C‐nociceptors. Sodium channel isoforms NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 have been implicated in this. Sympathetic efferent neurons lack NaV1.8 and were explored upon sinusoidal activation.MethodsQuantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test (QSART) was performed in hairy (n = 16) and glabrous (n = 12) skin. Responses of sympathetic efferents (n = 10) and nociceptive afferents (n = 21) to sinusoidal current stimulation (4 Hz, 0.05–0.15 mA) were recorded in humans by microneurography (n = 11). Activation of sympathetic units upon supra‐threshold sinusoidal currents (>0.8 mA) was recorded in pigs (n = 8).ResultsSinusoidal stimuli (4 Hz, 0.4 mA) evoked weak sweat output (30 ml/h/m2) in hairy skin compared to rectangular pulses (4 Hz, 5 mA, 53 ml/h/m2, p < .00001, ANOVA). No change in sweat output was recorded from glabrous skin to sine wave stimuli. Sinusoidal current at intensities ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 mA activated almost all (85%) nociceptors but only 40% of sympathetic units in human. Stimuli lead to a significantly lower activation in sympathetic versus nociceptive fibres as measured by activity‐dependent slowing (ADS) of conduction (sympathetic efferents average ADS 100 ± 0.2% vs. C‐nociceptors average ADS 113 ± 4%, p < .003, ANOVA).ConclusionsSympathetic efferent neurons are less apt to convert slow depolarizations into action potentials as compared to nociceptors. Distinctive sodium channel expression patterns between nociceptors and sympathetic efferent neurons may account for this difference. Sinusoidal stimulation therefore provokes weak sweat responses and provides no alternative for clinical assessment of autonomic function.SignificanceC‐nociceptors in hairy skin are activated by 4 Hz sinusoidal current stimulation at lower intensities than myelinated fibres. Sympathetic efferent neurons—albeit also unmyelinated—are less responsive to sinusoidal activation than nociceptors within the same skin area. Cutaneous sympathetic efferent neurons apparently are less apt than nociceptors to convert slow depolarization into action potentials.
Extrapolation Factors for Characterizing Freshwater Ecotoxicity Effects
Authors: Aurisano Nicolò , Albizzati Paola Federica , Hauschild Michael , Fantke Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Various environmental and chemical assessment frameworks including ecological risk assessment and life cycle impact assessment aim at evaluating long-term ecotoxicity effects. Chronic test data are reported under the European Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation for various chemicals. However, chronic data are missing for a large fraction of marketed chemicals, for which acute test results are often available. Utilizing acute data requires robust extrapolation factors across effect endpoints, exposure durations, and species groups. We propose a decision tree based on strict criteria for curating and selecting high-quality aquatic ecotoxicity information available in REACH for organic chemicals, to derive a consistent set of generic and species group–specific extrapolation factors. Where ecotoxicity effect data are not available at all, we alternatively provide extrapolations from octanol–water partitioning coefficients as suitable predictor for chemicals with nonpolar narcosis as mode of action. Extrapolation factors range from 0.2 to 7 and are higher when simultaneously extrapolating across effect endpoints and exposure durations. Our results are consistent with previously reported values, while considering more endpoints, providing species group–specific factors, and characterizing uncertainty. Our proposed decision tree can be adapted to curate information from additional data sources as well as data for other environments, such as sediment ecotoxicity. Our approach and robust extrapolation factors help to increase the substance coverage for characterizing ecotoxicity effects across chemical and environmental assessment frameworks. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2568–2582. © 2019 SETAC
Food safety policies and practices in public spaces: The urban water, sanitation, and hygiene environment for fresh fish sold from individual vendors in Mzuzu, Malawi
Authors: Lazaro Jazimoni , Kapute Fanuel , Holm Rochelle H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn sub‐Saharan Africa, informal markets account for more than 80% of the total food selling. Fish is a major protein source for households in Malawi and is commonly purchased from individual vendors. The aim of this study was to review national acts and policies and local regulations focused on fresh fish sold at open‐air markets or by mobile vendors and to further examine the water, sanitation, and hygiene environment that may impact food safety in Mzuzu City, Malawi. The study used interviews, an observational checklist, and sampling of water and fish skin. In general, there was limited oversight of food safety where fresh fish are sold by vendors, and food safety guidance was inadequate. There was access to water in three of the four markets, but only two markets had safe water (0 cfu/100 ml for Escherichia coli). All vendors stored water in a container for use throughout the day to sprinkle over the fish with their bare hands to keep them from drying out. The mean washing water E. coli level was 700 cfu/100 ml. All fish skin samples (25/25) were positive for the presence of Salmonella spp., and most had high levels of E. coli. Sanitation facilities were available for vendors and customers in two of the four markets, but the use was limited. This research identified three key opportunities: (a) Regulatory framework including informal markets and mobile vendors; (b) Safe water, clean and functional toilets, and handwashing stations with soap at every market; and (c) Foodborne disease education for vendors.
Is the prevalence of psychosis in the very old decreasing? A comparison of 85‐year‐olds born 22 years apart
Authors: Östling Svante , Bäckman Kristoffer , Sigström Robert , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo elucidate whether there is a decrease of psychotic symptoms in 85‐years‐olds without dementia and if factors associated with psychotic symptoms have changed, we studied two birth cohorts of 85‐year‐olds born 22 years apart.MethodsEvery second, 85‐year‐olds in Gothenburg, Sweden was invited to neuropsychiatric examinations in 1986 to 1987 (participation 63.1%, N = 494) and in 2008 to 2010 (60.5%, N = 571). A close informant was interviewed by a psychiatrist or a research psychologist.ResultsThe prevalence of psychotic symptoms in 85‐years‐olds without dementia decreased from 10.1% in 1986 to 1987 to 3.2% in 2008 to 2010 (P < .001). Disability in daily life (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐4.5), depressed mood (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.1‐7.1), irritability (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2‐10.5), and suicidal ideation (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.1‐8.0) were associated with psychotic symptoms in both cohorts. Mean mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) score was lower in those with psychotic symptom compared with those with no psychotic symptoms (Cohort 1986‐1987, 26.4 vs 27.8, Cohort 2008‐2009, 26.1 vs 27.7, t value −4.24, Pr > t < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of psychotic symptoms decreased between 1986 to 1987 and 2008 to 2010 among 85‐years‐olds without dementia. These symptoms were associated with broad psychopathology, worse performance in cognitive testing, and with disability of daily life in both cohorts.
Temporal myofascial segmentation for multilayer reconstruction of middle cranial fossa floor after extradural subtemporal approach to the clival and paraclival region
Authors: Gagliardi Filippo , Piloni Martina , Bailo Michele , Gragnaniello Cristian , Nocera Gianluca , Boari Nicola , Spina Alfio , Caputy Anthony J. , Mortini Pietro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSkull‐base reconstruction represents a concern after resection of middle fossa (MF) tumors by the extradural subtemporal transzygomatic approach (ESTZ). Regional pedicled flaps appear to be the best option. This study describes a technique for temporal myofascial segmentation to harvest a multilayered vascularized flap for MF reconstruction, which might preserve temporal muscle (TM) function and its blood supply.MethodsThe technique to harvest a combined segmented temporal myofascial flap (CSTMF) is described. The flap consists in a temporal fascial (TFF) and a muscle flap (TMF), composed by TM anterior‐medial bundle (AMB).ResultsCSTMF provides wide coverage of dural lining, through the TFF, and of dead‐space, through the TMF. The possibility to tailor TMF according to the need, anatomically preserving the blood supply, enables to significantly increase its volume.ConclusionCSTMF represents an effective option as regional multilayered pedicled flap for MF reconstruction, potentially preserving TM function and minimizing the cosmetic impact.
Six‐Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 3 Deficiency in Hepatocytes Protects the Liver Against Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Transforming Growth Factor‐β‐Activated Kinase 1
Authors: Guo Wen‐Zhi , Fang Hong‐Bo , Cao Sheng‐Li , Chen San‐Yang , Li Jie , Shi Ji‐Hua , Tang Hong‐Wei , Zhang Yi , Wen Pei‐Hao , Zhang Jia‐Kai , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Shi Xiao‐Yi , Pang Chun , Yang Han , Hu Bo‐Wen , Zhang Shui‐Jun 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major challenge affecting the morbidity and mortality of liver transplantation. Effective strategies to improve liver function after hepatic I/R injury are limited. Six‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 (Steap3), a key regulator of iron uptake, was reported to be involved in immunity and apoptotic processes in various cell types. However, the role of Steap3 in hepatic I/R‐induced liver damage remains largely unclear.

Approach and Results
In the present study, we found that Steap3 expression was significantly up‐regulated in liver tissue from mice subjected to hepatic I/R surgery and primary hepatocytes challenged with hypoxia/reoxygenation insult. Subsequently, global Steap3 knockout (Steap3‐KO) mice, hepatocyte‐specific Steap3 transgenic (Steap3‐HTG) mice, and their corresponding controls were subjected to partial hepatic warm I/R injury. Hepatic histology, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis were monitored to assess liver damage. The molecular mechanisms of Steap3 function were explored in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated that, compared with control mice, Steap3‐KO mice exhibited alleviated liver damage after hepatic I/R injury, as shown by smaller necrotic areas, lower serum transaminase levels, decreased apoptosis rates, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, whereas Steap3‐HTG mice had the opposite phenotype. Further molecular experiments showed that Steap3 deficiency could inhibit transforming growth factor‐β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation and downstream c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signaling during hepatic I/R injury.

Conclusions
Steap3 is a mediator of hepatic I/R injury that functions by regulating inflammatory responses as well as apoptosis through TAK1‐dependent activation of the JNK/p38 pathways. Targeting hepatocytes, Steap3 may be a promising approach to protect the liver against I/R injury.
Entropy analysis for heat transfer in a rectangular channel with suction
Authors: M. Pavan Kumar Reddy , J. V. Ramana Murthy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose for this paper is to study heat transfer in a rectangular channel with suction applied at the adjacent two side walls. A two‐dimensional laminar viscous fluid flow is generated due to the application of suction/injection. The other two opposite sides are kept at a constant temperatures, and the walls with suction are maintained at a constant heat flux. The streamlines thus obtained due to the flow and isothermal lines and heat function are analyzed. The regions of high and low frictions are found by drawing contours of the entropy generation number and the Bejan number. The biharmonic equation for stream function is numerically solved by the Finite Difference Method (FDM) using a 13‐point formula, and a five‐point formula is used to solve for all other harmonic equations for temperature, heat function, and pressure. For derivative boundary conditions, the central difference formula with fictitious nodes is used. In the analysis, we note that the corner points are regions of high energy dissipation. The least dissipation of energy is near the wall, where the nondimensional temperature is 1. This paper analyzes heat transfer in the rectangular channel through the heat function and entropy generation number.