bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Underwater Gliding Robot Using an Origami-Inspired Buoyancy Regulator
Authors: Ojha Pritam , Saxena Shuchi , Thakur Atul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Underwater robots require sophisticated buoyancy regulators for efficient three-dimensional motion. Conventional buoyancy control techniques include ballast-based and pressurized air bladders, which often disturb the surrounding water and are noisy. This paper introduces TOD-UWG, an underwater gliding robot equipped with a noiseless and fixed-mass buoyancy regulating mechanism. This technique employs a swim bladder made with origami. The origami-based swim bladder is compressed using a thread and pulley mechanism actuated by a servo motor, while the stretching takes place when the tension in the thread is relieved. The study focuses on the feasibility of buoyancy control using a soft origami structure, ensuring efficient actuation while reducing energy consumption. We also present the details of selecting suitable materials with a focus on durability and compatibility with the origami design principles, guaranteeing the long-term functionality and reliability of the entire system against water seepage for shallow water applications. Experimental characterization of buoyancy force generated by the origami mechanism has been performed, and it is used to calibrate the robot. We envisage that the developed approach can impart buoyancy regulation-based energy-efficient depth control capabilities to underwater robots that can reduce environmental impact.
Random Wave Energy Conversion of a Spar-Floater System via the Inerter Pendulum Vibration Absorber Integration
Authors: Li Guoxin , Tai Wei-Che 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to the vast potential energy of ocean waves, research on ocean wave energy conversion setups is currently receiving significant attention. However, the high costs of installation and maintenance, combined with the relatively low energy conversion efficiency of current research devices, pose considerable challenges. One solution is to integrate wave energy converters (WECs) with existing offshore floating platforms. This paper studies a system integrating a floater WEC with a floating spar platform via the inerter pendulum vibration absorber with a power take-off mechanism (IPVA-PTO). By simulating its energy harvesting performance, considering drag force and under random ocean wave excitation, where ocean waves are generated using the Harmonic Random Amplitude (HRA) method and hydrodynamic coefficients are derived based on linear wave theory and the boundary element method, it is found that the IPVA system, while achieving comparable levels of hydrodynamic response of the spar, can enhance energy conversion by up to 106.37% compared to the optimal system with linear PTO. The simulation results qualitatively correspond with the bifurcation analysis of the system, conducted after solving for a series of Fourier coefficients, including those for drag damping, under regular wave conditions, providing insightful references for analyzing the performance subjected to random wave excitation.
ParaturboCAD: Automated Parametric Geometry Construction for Gas-Bearing Supported Turbocompressor Design With Python
Authors: Massoudi Soheyl , Bejjani Joseph , Horvath Timothy , Üstün Dogukan , Schiffmann Jürg 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research introduces an automated methodology for visualizing gas-bearing supported turbocompressor designs utilizing CadQuery 2, a scripting Computer-Aided Design (CAD) platform. This innovative approach simplifies the traditional design process, which often involves the use of multiple software tools and extensive manual data manipulation, by consolidating it into a singular, efficient, and robust workflow. Moreover, CadQuery 2 enables the rapid visualization of abstract optimization results, enhancing the design phase’s efficiency. A pivotal element of this study is the adept transformation of design variables related to key components such as the rotor, compressor, and bearings into precise three-dimensional turbocompressor models. This intricate procedure is expedited by employing a structured Python dictionary, which serves to encapsulate the geometric parameters of each component comprehensively. The utility of this framework is demonstrated through the creation of turbocompressors featuring diverse geometries, highlighting the methodology’s capacity to produce models with high accuracy and within a reasonable generation timeframe of approximately seven minutes per turbocompressor. While there are minor constraints, notably in parametrization choices and the time efficiency of modeling with CadQuery 2, these do not significantly detract from the method’s overall value. Indeed, this approach represents a substantial advancement in the field of design and manufacturing, promising to refine and expedite the development process of these complex systems.
Dual Lie Algebra Representations of Rigid Body Motion With Dual Cayley Maps: An Overview
Authors: Condurache Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to develop a new minimal parameterization technique for the displacement and motion of rigid bodies using hypercomplex dual algebra. Our study is based on the properties of dual tensors and dual quaternions, more precisely, their Lie groups and algebras. Based on the higher-order modified fractional Cayley transforms, for the first time, a complete and unitary parameterization framework, which gives the possibility of developing direct unitary solutions for the calculation of the leading entities of kinematic representation of displacement and motion of rigid body: Euler dual vector, higher-order Rodrigues dual vector, dual quaternions, dual sin family parameters and dual orthographic projection. The representation is coordinate-free and in a closed-form.
A Basic Formal Ontology-Based Ontological Modeling for Plan and Occurrence, a Biomanufacturing Process Verification Use Case
Authors: Šormaz Dušan , Seeharit Saruda , Kulvatunyou Boonserm , Drobnjaković Miloš 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Biomanufacturing has gained significant importance in recent years due to its role in developing new medications, handling pandemics, and increasing the well-being of human populations. The nature of biochemical processes requires complex planning and control, with many controlled and non-controllable variables that impact the quality of bioproducts. Representing biomanufacturing process knowledge, control models, and actual occurrences in coherent ontologies could aid both humans and computers in dealing with the complexity. However, there is a lack of such coherent ontologies. Even though the Industrial Ontology Foundry (IOF) Core ontology has provided a groundwork based on the widely used Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) for such ontological requirements, there are still insufficient constructs and clear guidance on the representation of digital artifacts and their correspondences to the physical counterparts. This paper presents a framework to extend the IOF Core to address the gap. The framework is founded on establishing a counterpart (CR) relation pattern presented in our previous paper. Counterpart relation was selected for its ability to facilitate a more intuitive and concise representation of many kinds of digital artifacts (e.g., planned, designed) and physical entities (e.g., planning process, manufacturing process). We validated the approach with a process verification of a fed-batch bioreactor operation. The paper started by defining the use case requirement, which was followed by an ontology development. A knowledge graph of the bioprocess plan and occurrences of processes in the plan was then instantiated. Competency questions were used to concretize the ontology requirement from the use case, and subsequently, an executable set of queries was created from them and was used to computationally validate the ontology against the requirement. The GraphDB tool was used to support the validation. The result of this research not only showed that the CR pattern described in our previous paper could satisfy the requirements related to the digital thread of digital and physical process information, but it also demonstrated that several visualization approaches on graph data can be used to address competency questions. These findings provide insights into the future of data integration and management within biomanufacturing, highlighting the role of ontologies for improved data interoperability and analysis.
Barriers to Product Repair: Exploring Motivations and Capabilities Among Operators
Authors: Karsli Sami , Otto Kevin , Li Wen , Bilton Amy , Hölttä-Otto Katja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explores barriers to product repair from the perspective of common ‘do-it-yourself’ users and commercial operators. Through a systematic literature review, we identify and compare repair barriers faced by different operators. Our findings highlight that operators predominantly struggle with limited capability (e.g., lack of skills, tools, spare parts) and motivation (e.g., economic motivation and environmental motivation) to repair. In comparison, commercial operators show greater capability than common users but struggle with the economic motivation of repair due to the necessity of financially compensating their labor. In contrast, common users exhibit a lower capability but benefit from additional motivating factors, such as reduced labor costs and product attachment.
A subsequent case study illustrates how these barriers manifest within the repair procedure of an exemplary product. Further, we show how the varying capability and motivation among operators constrain the range of viable repair strategies.
Navigating this interplay between repair operator and repair viability holds the potential to assess and enable targeted repair strategies for a diverse range of operators, thereby promoting product repairability and circularity.
Manufacturability of Protein-Reinforced Foods With Overhang Designs
Authors: Khalil Md Ibrahim , Maleky Farnaz , Pal Ranadip , Egan Paul F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Printing overhanging designs in additive manufacturing presents considerable challenges, particularly for soft materials printing applications such as food. The principal hurdles lie in designing a food ink that ensures extrudability while also maintaining its shape after printing. This study investigates the impact of overhanging angles on the shape fidelity of printed samples and how the properties of the food ink composition influence structural stability. The investigation focuses on overhanging designs at various angles (0°, 30°, and 60°). Different ratios of mashed potato and pea protein mixtures were studied including 100% mashed potato, a blend of 50% mashed potato and 50% pea protein, and 100% pea protein mixtures. The food ink mixtures were characterized by measuring pH, moisture content, and firmness. Results showed the potato-only mixture (86% moisture content, 0.55 N firmness) exhibited significant shape distortion at higher overhanging angles. However, the equal percentage mixture of mashed potato and pea protein mixtures (81% moisture, 1.46 N firmness) maintained fidelity even at 60° angles. The enhanced dimensional precision of the potato-pea mixture demonstrates how tailored compositional tuning, informed by moisture and texture analysis, can improve shape fidelity for 3D printed overhanging geometries through improved structural stability.
Surfaces of Constant Width With Rotational Symmetry
Authors: Rollans Mason , Nelson W. Seth , Howell Ryan , Monk Ian , Halverson Denise 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Surfaces of constant width are defined as surfaces embedded in three-dimensional space having the same width in all directions. While spheres are the simplest and most common surface of constant width, non-spherical surfaces of constant width possess unique properties. For example, surfaces of constant width have less volume than spheres of the same width, potentially leading to increased efficiency in designs. In addition, surfaces of constant width typically have a finite number of stable positions. Moreover, surfaces of constant width may be comprised of piece-wise smooth surfaces, having variable curvature. Due to these distinctive qualities, these types of surfaces have applications in various fields including architecture, mathematics, engineering, and mechanism design. Historically, it has been difficult to construct these surfaces and the number of methods of construction is limited, although recently, novel and creative construction methods have been conceived. This work presents the construction of a new class of surfaces with rotational symmetry of order n, denoted Roll[n], where n &gt; 1 is odd. The design method for these surfaces is rooted in the constant width properties of parallel projections of surfaces of constant width. Existing surfaces of constant width can be classified by orthogonal parallel projections and rotational symmetry. The new Roll[n] surfaces fill in previous gaps in classifications these classification schemes.
Life Cycle Analysis of Three-Story Mass Timber and Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Brown David A. , Enarevba Dolor R. , Haapala Karl R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sustainability initiatives in the construction industry are steadily growing due to the negative impacts of the conventional materials used in this sector. Employing more environmentally friendly materials like mass timber based on its availability in the region, geographical weather conditions, existing technologies, and policies has gained research interest in industry and academia. Previous work exploring the environmental impacts of mass timber structures highlighted specific aspects of building life cycles, including material sourcing and transportation, while failing to discuss structures built with alternative materials. A cradle-to-grave comparative life cycle analysis was conducted for three-story mass timber and reinforced concrete structures in the Pacific Northwest. An open-source life cycle assessment (LCA) software (openLCA) was utilized to evaluate the environmental impacts, with input data and process models from the openlca_lcia_methods database. Mass timber components as an alternative to reinforced concrete exhibited lower impacts on global warming potential, terrestrial acidification, and human carcinogenic toxicity. Utilizing mass timber demonstrates a 33% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Future advancements of this work will employ a more comprehensive LCA tool, database, and method to explore substituting other renewable and biobased materials for non-load bearing applications to evaluate and improve the sustainability performance of building structures for commercial and residential applications.
Origami-Based Miura-Ori Metamaterial for Wave Propagation Control
Authors: Corradini Enrico , Lacarbonara Walter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A metamaterial inspired by a Miura-Ori pattern is discussed in the context of wave propagation control. The investigated metamaterial consists of two coupled Miura-Ori geometries.
Our study explores the integration of lightweight resonators within the facets of the Miura-Ori pattern to create locally resonant mechanisms giving rise to bandgaps stopping wave propagation across all directions.
The rigid foldable nature of Miura-Ori enables the integration of eight spider-web-like resonators per cell while ensuring the resonators’ shape and stiffness invariance for all folding angles. Through finite element modeling and experimental validation, we investigate the accuracy of the dynamic modeling and its feasibility for design purposes.
The main steps of the metamaterial design are discussed: from the initial idea, to the experimental investigation, the finite element model generation, the manufacturing of the physical prototype, and the geometry optimization.
A validation of the numerical results obtained via a finite element model implemented in MSC Nastran, was achieved using laser scanning vibrometry. The tested sample comprises a section of the metamaterial defined by a 4 × 4 cell configuration, containing 128 resonators.
Towards a Computational Framework for Hypervelocity-Induced Atmospheric Plasma Modeling
Authors: Graber Benjamin D. , Iliopoulos Athanasios P. , Michopoulos John G. , Steuben John C. , Birnbaum Andrew J. , Apetre Nicole A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The work presented in this paper estimates the spectral radiance emitted from plasma induced by the interaction of hypervelocity moving structural/material systems with the atmosphere. The motivation for this effort originates from the need to compute the radiative heat fluxes imparted to hypersonic vehicles to facilitate their design, control, and maintenance. In response to this need, a computational framework was established to predict the fluid dynamics fields around a hypervelocity vehicle that in turn is coupled with the plasma physics that enables the calculation of the plasma fields and species dynamics. This framework implements a one-way coupling between fluid dynamics and plasma physics models. The framework solves the fluid dynamics partial differential equations representing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. The computed pressure, velocity, and temperature fields are subsequently utilized to drive the plasma physics PDEs describing the mass transport and energetics of all the nitrogen-oxygen 11 species present according to the so-called Dunn plasma model. An application of this framework for a spherical body for a wide range of velocities is presented as a verification of the framework’s functionality. Typical distributions of the fluid and plasma dynamics are presented. Finally, the plasma radiance spectra are produced by employing statistical mechanics principles.
Reverse Engineering Through a Product Teardown Activity and Component-Function Identification
Authors: Furiato Mikala Y. , Murphy Alexander R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Engineering educators have used reverse engineering activities as a pedagogical tool for decades. Product teardowns allow students to experientially learn how a product works and what components lie hidden inside of an engineered product. These activities help shape students’ mental models and bolster their systems thinking abilities. This study examines the impact of a product teardown activity on upper-level engineering students’ mental models of everyday products. Students’ mental models of three common products were measured through a direct elicitation method before and after taking apart a hair dryer. In addition, students identified the system’s components and assigned functionality to each. Results suggest no change in observed score between pre and post mental models for any of the three tested products, which implies that knowledge transfer is not occurring. In addition, the product teardown activity is shown to have a positive impact on component identification, but a negative impact on functional reasoning. Specifically, improvements in motor inclusion are observed, which suggests that a product teardown activity helps break from existing schema (treating a fan-motor assembly as a single component) that lead to erroneous mental models. These findings illustrate the importance of reverse engineering on the development of robust mental models of engineered systems, but also show a negative impact on functional reasoning and no evidence of knowledge transfer between systems as was otherwise expected. The results of the study build on prior work by providing a more nuanced analysis of the specific components and functions included on mental model representations of common products. The implications of these findings, comparisons to prior literature, and a description of future work are discussed.
Modeling the Social Impacts of Technology via Spectral Graph Theory
Authors: McKinnon Samuel A. , White Natalie J. , Mattson Christopher A. , Salmon John L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Technology has social, economic, and environmental impacts. During the design process, these impacts are often adequately known for the direct users of a technology, but the same is not true for impacts on the wider society. Socio-technical models can be constructed and used to represent society and the impacts of technologies therein. These models can facilitate estimations of the social impacts that a particular technology, such as an engineered product, has on society. Diffusion theory provides a framework for representing impact propagation across a society using socio-technical models. This paper introduces a problem formulation for modeling impact diffusion. Spectral graph theory is used to solve the problem and estimate impacts across society. A simple impact diffusion illustration is provided relative to a rural community’s water supply and hand-pump technologies for accessing drinking water. The impact diffusion model for engineered products, presented in this paper, provides design insights on societal impact not yet found in the literature. These insights facilitate impact estimation across multiple levels of society (individual, household, community, nation state), which allows for meaningful exploration of technological interventions during the engineering design process.
Topology Optimization for Die Casting With Nonplanar Parting Surfaces
Authors: Fu Heting , Saitou Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a density-based topology optimization method for the simultaneous design of die-castable geometry, die drawing direction, and arbitrarily nonplanar parting surface. Viewing a die casted part as a two-component system consisting of the cavities of die halves, an arbitrarily nonplanar parting surface is represented as the boundaries between adjacent partitioned domains similar to the joints in multi-component topology optimization (MTO). The draw direction of each die half is represented as a probability distribution to avoid premature convergence, and the undercut of a part geometry in the draw direction is evaluated using the gradient of the density field. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the inclusion of nonplanar parting surfaces as optimization variables.
A Modular Method to Generate Disk Cam Profile by Using Class I Order II Assur Kinematic Chains With Cam Joint
Authors: Pan Tung-Hsin , Hsu Kuan-Lun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the Assur Groups with cam pairs in order to apply modular analysis while investigating cam mechanisms. Modular analysis for linkages has been studied for a period of time. By decomposing the overall linkage into individual modules for independent analysis, the analysis of linkages is no longer so complicated. Under the same concept, this paper provides some cam-related modules. By studying its geometric and kinematics features, those modules can mixed with the linkage modules and analyze more complicated cam-modulated linkages.
This paper demonstrated the process of developing the Assur Group with cam pairs and provided a classification system for those new Assur Groups. In the meantime, we deeply investigate the most basic Assur Group with a cam pair, which is class 1 order 2 RC module. It can conduct a forward geometric analysis to generate a cam profile while given the position of the cams and the external roller. This module can also conduct inverse kinematic analysis to acquire the follower angle while give the prescribed cam profile. The numerical example provided in the final section shows the convenience and efficiency of using modular analysis to analyze cam-modulated linkages. By developing those cam modules, it can simplify the cam analysis, thereby improving the implementation of cam mechanisms in industries.