bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of Commercially Available Femtosecond Lasers in Refractive Surgery
Authors: Lubatschowski Holger 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To report on four different commercially available femtosecond laser systems used in refractive surgery.

Methods:
Four systems were analyzed: Ziemer DaVinci system, Zeiss VisuMax, IntraLase FS laser, and 20/10 Perfect Vision FEMTEC.

Results:
The DaVinci system attracts attention with its concept of low laser pulse energy and flexible mirror arm as a beam delivery. The low pulse energy makes it compact and robust, because only an oscillator as a laser source is required. Another important feature of the low energy pulses is the reduced bubble formation during the cutting process. The smaller the bubbles, the more precise the cut can be positioned. However, the compact setup limits the system in its flexibility in cutting geometry. The VisuMax also uses the new generation of femtosecond technology, which should make it more immune to environmental and temperature changes. However, it is a bulky system, and the patient has to be moved to the excimer laser system after the flap is created. The IntraLase is the laser with the most clinical experience by far, which should be an important issue in terms of safety and technical support. On the other hand, it uses older femtosecond laser technology. This technology is sensitive to changes in temperature or humidity, which can be an important factor if the surgical environment is not air conditioned. The 20/10 Perfect Vision FEMTEC system is comparable with the IntraLase with respect to its technical parameters. However, no data are available about the amount of clinical experience.

Conclusions:
Although the systems are based on the same principle of photodisruption in corneal tissue, differences exist regarding the concept of these devices.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S102–S107.]
IL-33 Augments Virus-Specific Memory T Cell Inflation and Potentiates the Efficacy of an Attenuated Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccine
Authors: McLaren James E. , Clement Mathew , Marsden Morgan , Miners Kelly L. , Llewellyn-Lacey Sian , Grant Emma J. , Rubina Anzelika , Gimeno Brias Silvia , Gostick Emma , Stacey Maria A. , Orr Selinda J. , Stanton Richard J. , Ladell Kristin , Price David A. , Humphreys Ian R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Candidate vaccines designed to generate T cell–based immunity are typically vectored by nonpersistent viruses, which largely fail to elicit durable effector memory T cell responses. This limitation can be overcome using recombinant strains of CMV. Proof-of-principle studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of this approach, most notably in the SIV model, but safety concerns require the development of nonreplicating alternatives with comparable immunogenicity. In this study, we show that IL-33 promotes the accumulation and recall kinetics of circulating and tissue-resident memory T cells in mice infected with murine CMV. Using a replication-deficient murine CMV vector, we further show that exogenous IL-33 boosts vaccine-induced memory T cell responses, which protect against subsequent heterologous viral challenge. These data suggest that IL-33 could serve as a useful adjuvant to improve the efficacy of vaccines based on attenuated derivatives of CMV.
Lack of Ikaros Deregulates Inflammatory Gene Programs in T Cells
Authors: Lyon de Ana Carolina , Arakcheeva Ksenia , Agnihotri Parul , Derosia Nicole , Winandy Susan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
CD4 Th cells are organizers of the immune response, directing other immune cells to initiate and maintain effective humoral and cellular immunity. CD4 T cells differentiate into distinct Th effector or regulatory subsets in response to signals delivered to them during the course of infection. Ikaros is a transcription factor that is expressed in blood cells from the level of the hematopoietic stem cell. It is required for normal thymic T cell development and serves as a tumor suppressor, as lack of Ikaros in developing lymphoid cells results in leukemia. To study the role of Ikaros in CD4 T cell differentiation and function, an Ikaros conditional knockout mouse was developed such that Ikaros expression was deleted specifically in mature T cells, thus avoiding defects observed in germline Ikaros mutant mice. Using this model system, we have shown that in the absence of Ikaros, CD4 T cells are able to attain Th1, Th2, and Th17, but not inducible regulatory T, cell fates. However, they show enhanced expression of a cohort of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in differentiation of Th17 cells with a phenotype that has been associated with autoimmunity and pathological inflammation. In addition, we define Ikaros as a repressor of the gene program associated with the response to type I IFNs, another key pathway whose deregulation is linked to autoimmunity. Taken together, these data definitively define Ikaros as a critical regulator at the center of the inflammatory response in T cells and highlight a potential role in suppressing autoimmunity.
Comparing the spatial patterns of climate change in the 9th and 5th millennia BP from TRACE-21 model simulations
Authors: Ning Liang , Liu Jian , Bradley Raymond S. , Yan Mi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The spatial patterns of global temperature and precipitation changes, as well
as corresponding large-scale circulation patterns during the latter part of
the 9th and 5th millennia BP (4800–4500 versus 4500–4000 BP and
9200–8800 versus 8800–8000 BP) are compared through a group of transient
simulations using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). Both
periods are characterized by significant sea surface temperature (SST)
decreases over the North Atlantic, south of Iceland. Temperatures were also
colder across the Northern Hemisphere but warmer in the Southern Hemisphere.
Significant precipitation decreases are seen over most of the Northern
Hemisphere, especially over Eurasia and the Asian monsoon regions, indicating
a weaker summer monsoon. Large precipitation anomalies over northern South
America and adjacent ocean regions are related to a southward displacement of
the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in that region. Climate changes in
the late 9th millennium BP (the “8.2 ka event”) are widely considered to have been caused by a large freshwater
discharge into the northern Atlantic, which is confirmed in a meltwater
forcing sensitivity experiment, but this was not the cause of changes
occurring between the early and latter halves of the 5th millennium BP.
Model simulations suggest that a combination of factors, led by long-term
changes in insolation, drove a steady decline in SSTs across the North
Atlantic and a reduction in the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation (AMOC), over the past 4500 years, with associated teleconnections
across the globe, leading to drought in some areas. Multi-century-scale
fluctuations in SSTs and AMOC strength were superimposed on this decline.
This helps explain the onset of neoglaciation around 5000–4500 BP, followed
by a series of neoglacial advances and retreats during recent millennia. The
“4.2 ka BP Event” appears to have been one of several late Holocene
multi-century fluctuations that were embedded in the long-term, low-frequency
change in climate that occurred after ∼4.8 ka. Whether these
multi-century fluctuations were a response to internal centennial-scale
ocean–atmosphere variability or external forcing (such as explosive volcanic
eruptions and associated feedbacks) or a combination of such conditions is
not known and requires further study.
The Spectrum of the Divine Order: Goodness, Beauty, and Harmony
Authors: Bai Junxiao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article argues that based on the Pythagorean numerical-musical cosmology, Augustine holds that order, as the immanent power of God, determines the eternal spectrum of beauty, goodness, and harmony in both the physical and metaphysical realms. The principle of harmonic motions of the universe, the principle of knowing the truth, and the principle of right living constitute the divine order of nature, logic, and ethics. In the three realms, nothing can be irrelevant to the inviolate numerical order, which is the essence of all creatures.
Book Review: Reengineering the Library: Issues in Electronic Resources Management
Authors: Gates Lynn E. 
Published: January 2019

Over the last ten years electronic resources (e-resources) have exploded, becoming a larger and more substantial part of library collections. As Stachokas writes in the introduction, “Libraries are reengineering in terms of their professional skills, organizational structures, collections, systems, tools and assessment in order to provide users with a greater number and more types of electronic resources” (xi). This reengineering is vital as processes used for purchasing and preparing print and other physical materials for use are no longer adequate to handle the increased volume of e-resources acquired by libraries. Reengineering the Library is written for academic library practitioners, and there are several chapters that will be of particular interest to those new to the field of electronic resource management.
Categorizing Cognition
Authors: Halford Graeme S. , Wilson William H. , Andrews Glenda , Phillips Steven 
Published: January 2019

A proposal for a categorization of cognition based on core properties of the constituent processes that integrates theory and empirical findings across domains.
All sciences need ways to classify the phenomena they investigate; chemistry has the periodic table and biology a taxonomic system for classifying life forms. These classification schemes depend on conceptual coherence, demonstrated correspondences across paradigms. This conceptual coherence has proved elusive in psychology, although recent advances have brought the field to the point at which it is possible to define the type of classificatory system needed. This book proposes a categorization of cognition based on core properties of constituent processes, recognizing correspondences between cognitive processes with similar underlying structure but different surface properties. These correspondences are verified mathematically and shown not to be merely coincidental.
The proposed formulation leads to general principles that transcend domains and paradigms and facilitate the interpretation of empirical findings. It covers human and nonhuman cognition and human cognition in all age ranges. Just as the periodic table classifies elements and not compounds, this system classifies relatively basic versions of cognitive tasks but allows for complexity. The book shows that a more integrated, coherent account of cognition would have many benefits. It would reduce the conceptual fragmentation of psychology; offer defined criteria by which to categorize new empirical results; and lead to fruitful hypotheses for the acquisition of higher cognition.
This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things
Authors: Phillips Whitney 
Published: January 2019

Why the troll problem is actually a culture problem: how online trolling fits comfortably within today's media landscape.
Internet trolls live to upset as many people as possible, using all the technical and psychological tools at their disposal. They gleefully whip the media into a frenzy over a fake teen drug crisis; they post offensive messages on Facebook memorial pages, traumatizing grief-stricken friends and family; they use unabashedly racist language and images. They take pleasure in ruining a complete stranger's day and find amusement in their victim's anguish. In short, trolling is the obstacle to a kinder, gentler Internet. To quote a famous Internet meme, trolling is why we can't have nice things online. Or at least that's what we have been led to believe. In this provocative book, Whitney Phillips argues that trolling, widely condemned as obscene and deviant, actually fits comfortably within the contemporary media landscape. Trolling may be obscene, but, Phillips argues, it isn't all that deviant. Trolls' actions are born of and fueled by culturally sanctioned impulses—which are just as damaging as the trolls' most disruptive behaviors.
Phillips describes, for example, the relationship between trolling and sensationalist corporate media—pointing out that for trolls, exploitation is a leisure activity; for media, it's a business strategy. She shows how trolls, “the grimacing poster children for a socially networked world,” align with social media. And she documents how trolls, in addition to parroting media tropes, also offer a grotesque pantomime of dominant cultural tropes, including gendered notions of dominance and success and an ideology of entitlement. We don't just have a trolling problem, Phillips argues; we have a culture problem. This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things isn't only about trolls; it's about a culture in which trolls thrive.
The Not-Two
Authors: Chiesa Lorenzo 
Published: January 2019

A philosophical examination of the treatment of logic and God in Lacan's later psychoanalytic theory.
In The Not-Two, Lorenzo Chiesa examines the treatment of logic and God in Lacan's later work. Chiesa draws for the most part from Lacan's Seminars of the early 1970s, as they revolve around the axiom “There is no sexual relationship.” Chiesa provides both a close reading of Lacan's effort to formalize sexual difference as incompleteness and an assessment of its broader implications for philosophical realism and materialism.
Chiesa argues that “There is no sexual relationship” is for Lacan empirically and historically circumscribed by psychoanalysis, yet self-evident in our everyday lives. Lacan believed that we have sex because we love, and that love is a desire to be One in face of the absence of the sexual relationship. Love presupposes a real “not-two.” The not-two condenses the idea that our love and sex lives are dictated by the impossibility of fusing man's contradictory being with the heteros of woman as a fundamentally uncountable Other. Sexual liaisons are sustained by a transcendental logic, the so-called phallic function that attempts to overcome this impossibility.
Chiesa also focuses on Lacan's critical dialogue with modern science and formal logic, as well as his dismantling of sexuality as considered by mainstream biological discourse. Developing a new logic of sexuation based on incompleteness requires the relinquishing of any alleged logos of life and any teleological evolution.
For Lacan, the truth of incompleteness as approached psychoanalytically through sexuality would allow us to go further in debunking traditional onto-theology and replace it with a “para-ontology” yet to be developed. Given the truth of incompleteness, Chiesa asks, can we think such a truth in itself without turning incompleteness into another truth about truth, that is, into yet another figure of God as absolute being?
Of Remixology
Authors: Gunkel David J. 
Published: January 2019

A new theory of moral and aesthetic value for the age of remix, going beyond the usual debates over originality and appropriation.
Remix—or the practice of recombining preexisting content—has proliferated across media both digital and analog. Fans celebrate it as a revolutionary new creative practice; critics characterize it as a lazy and cheap (and often illegal) recycling of other people's work. In Of Remixology, David Gunkel argues that to understand remix, we need to change the terms of the debate. The two sides of the remix controversy, Gunkel contends, share certain underlying values—originality, innovation, artistic integrity. And each side seeks to protect these values from the threat that is represented by the other. In reevaluating these shared philosophical assumptions, Gunkel not only provides a new way to understand remix, he also offers an innovative theory of moral and aesthetic value for the twenty-first century.
In a section called “Premix,” Gunkel examines the terminology of remix (including “collage,” “sample,” “bootleg,” and “mashup”) and its material preconditions, the technology of recording. In “Remix,” he takes on the distinction between original and copy; makes a case for repetition; and considers the question of authorship in a world of seemingly endless recompiled and repurposed content. Finally, in “Postmix,” Gunkel outlines a new theory of moral and aesthetic value that can accommodate remix and its cultural significance, remixing—or reconfiguring and recombining—traditional philosophical approaches in the process.
Frankenstein
Authors: Shelley Mary 
Published: January 2019

The original 1818 text of Mary Shelley's classic novel, with annotations and essays highlighting its scientific, ethical, and cautionary aspects.
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein has endured in the popular imagination for two hundred years. Begun as a ghost story by an intellectually and socially precocious eighteen-year-old author during a cold and rainy summer on the shores of Lake Geneva, the dramatic tale of Victor Frankenstein and his stitched-together creature can be read as the ultimate parable of scientific hubris. Victor, “the modern Prometheus,” tried to do what he perhaps should have left to Nature: create life. Although the novel is most often discussed in literary-historical terms—as a seminal example of romanticism or as a groundbreaking early work of science fiction—Mary Shelley was keenly aware of contemporary scientific developments and incorporated them into her story. In our era of synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and climate engineering, this edition of Frankenstein will resonate forcefully for readers with a background or interest in science and engineering, and anyone intrigued by the fundamental questions of creativity and responsibility.
This edition of Frankenstein pairs the original 1818 version of the manuscript—meticulously line-edited and amended by Charles E. Robinson, one of the world's preeminent authorities on the text—with annotations and essays by leading scholars exploring the social and ethical aspects of scientific creativity raised by this remarkable story. The result is a unique and accessible edition of one of the most thought-provoking and influential novels ever written.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Knowledge Unlatched.
Essays by Elizabeth Bear, Cory Doctorow, Heather E. Douglas, Josephine Johnston, Kate MacCord, Jane Maienschein, Anne K. Mellor, Alfred Nordmann
Activity-Centered Design
Authors: Gay Geraldine , Hembrooke Helene 
Published: January 2019

An examination of the shift to context-based human-computer interaction design practice, illuminated by the concepts of Activity Theory and related methods.
The shift in the practice of human-computer interaction (HCI) Design from user-centered to context-based design marks a significant change in focus. With context-based design, designers start not with a preconceived idea of what users should do, but with an understanding of what users actually do. Context-based design focuses on the situation in which the technology will be used—the activities relating to it and their social contexts. Designers must also realize that introduction of the technology itself changes the situation; in order to design workable systems, the design process must become flexible and adaptive. In Activity-Centered Design, Geri Gay and Helene Hembrooke argue that it is time to develop new models for HCI design that support not only research and development but also investigations into the context and motivation of user behavior.Gay and Hembrooke examine the ongoing interaction of computer systems use, design practice, and design evaluation, using the concepts of activity theory and related methods as a theoretical framework. Among the topics they discuss are the reciprocal relationship between the tool and the task, how activities shape the requirements of particular tools and how the application of the tools begins to reshape the activity; differing needs and expectations of participants when new technology is introduced, examining in particular the integration of wireless handheld devices into museums and learning environments; and the effect of the layout of the computing space on movement, function, and social interaction. Gay and Hembrooke then apply their findings on the use of technology in everyday contexts to inform future HCI design practice.
How to Go Digital
Authors: MIT Sloan Management Review  
Published: January 2019

Advice on how companies can succeed in the new digital business environment.
The most important skills a leader needs to succeed in a digital environment are not technical in nature but managerial—strategic vision, forward-looking perspective, change-oriented mindset. A company's digital transformation does not involve abandoning widget-making for app developing or pursuing “disruption” at the cost of stability. Rather, it is about adopting business processes and practices that position organizations to compete effectively in the digital environment. More important than technology implementation are strategy, talent management, organizational structure, and leadership aligned for the digital world. How to Go Digital offers advice from management experts on how to steer your company into the digital future.
The book will put you on the right strategic path, with articles from MIT Sloan Management Review on developing a digital strategy, reframing growth for a digital world, monetizing data, and generating sustainable value from social media. Talent acquisition and retention are addressed, with articles on HR analytics, data translators, and enabling employees to become brand ambassadors outside of the office. Operational makeovers are discussed in terms of sales, services, new technologies, and innovation.
Contributors Allan Alter, Stephen J. Andriole, Bart Baesens, Gloria Barczak, Cynthia M. Beath, Alpheus Bingham, Didier Bonnet, Chris Brady, Joseph Byrum, Marina Candi, Manuel Cebrian, Marie-Cécile Cervellon, Simon Chadwick, Sophie De Winne, Mike Forde, Gerald C. Kane, Rahul Kapoor, David Kiron, Thomas Klueter, Mary C. Lacity, Rikard Lindgren, Pamela Lirio, Tucker J. Marion, Lars Mathiassen, Pete Maulik, Paul Michelman, Narendra Mulani, Pierre Nanterme, Doug Palmer, Alex “Sandy” Pentland, Anh Nguyen Phillips, Frank T. Piller, Iyad Rahwan, Deborah L. Roberts, Jeanne W. Ross, Ina M. Sebastian, Luc Sels, James E. Short, Fredrik Svahn, Steve Todd, Leslie P. Willcocks, H. James Wilson, Barbara H. Wixom
What Is Thought?
Authors: Baum Eric B. 
Published: January 2019

In What Is Thought? Eric Baum proposes a computational explanation of thought. Just as Erwin Schrodinger in his classic 1944 work What Is Life? argued ten years before the discovery of DNA that life must be explainable at a fundamental level by physics and chemistry, Baum contends that the present-day inability of computer science to explain thought and meaning is no reason to doubt there can be such an explanation. Baum argues that the complexity of mind is the outcome of evolution, which has built thought processes that act unlike the standard algorithms of computer science and that to understand the mind we need to understand these thought processes and the evolutionary process that produced them in computational terms.
Baum proposes that underlying mind is a complex but compact program that corresponds to the underlying structure of the world. He argues further that the mind is essentially programmed by DNA. We learn more rapidly than computer scientists have so far been able to explain because the DNA code has programmed the mind to deal only with meaningful possibilities. Thus the mind understands by exploiting semantics, or meaning, for the purposes of computation; constraints are built in so that although there are myriad possibilities, only a few make sense. Evolution discovered corresponding subroutines or shortcuts to speed up its processes and to construct creatures whose survival depends on making the right choice quickly. Baum argues that the structure and nature of thought, meaning, sensation, and consciousness therefore arise naturally from the evolution of programs that exploit the compact structure of the world.
Bradford Books imprint