bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of different laryngoscopes in obese patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Miao , Zhang Zhaodi , Wang Guiyue , Li Yuhang , Yu Kaijiang , wang changsong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Due to changes in the anatomical structure of oral pharynx, increased oxygen consumption and other pathophysiological changes, the airway management of obese patients is complex. Intubation is a critical step, and it is important to choose the optimal laryngoscope. Moreover, the best type of laryngoscopes to use for this population is unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal laryngoscopes for endotracheal intubation in obese patients. Methods: We searched the Cochrane, Medline, EMBASE, EBSCOhost and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials comparing video laryngoscopes (VLs) with direct laryngoscopes (DLs) or different brands of VLs in adults with obesity for inclusion in this study. Results: A total of 13 trials with 1264 patients were identified. VLs were associated with an increase in the first-attempt success rate (relative risk (RR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.16), shorter intubation time (MD -13.19, 95% CI -25.57 to -0.81) and an improved glottic view (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.30). No difference was observed in the incidence of any complications. In the network meta-analysis, all three types of VLs (Macintosh blade VLs, angulated blade VLs and side-channel blade VLs) were associated with an improved glottic view (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.7; RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.5; and RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3, respectively). Conclusions: Compared with DLs, VLs generally increased the success rate on the first-attempt, reduced the intubation time and provided a superior glottic view without increasing complications. All three types of video devices improved visualization of the glottis. Trial registration: This study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017079927. http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).
Application of preemptive parasternal intercostal nerve block in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass grafting:A Double-Blind,Randomised, Controlled Trial
Authors: zou mengmeng , ruan wei , xu junmei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Parasternal intercostal nerve block as superficial block has been increasingly used for postoperative analgesia via performed before sternal suture placement, and has shown that this technique can provide effective postoperative analgesia and facilitate rapid-recovery. However, the impact of preemptive parasternal intercostal nerve block has not been researched for cardiac surgery patients.
Methods: Sixty-four patients underwent OPCABG were randomly divided into parasternal intercostal nerve block with ropivacaine ( n = 32) group and parasternal intercostal nerve block with saline ( n = 32) group. Before anaesthesia induction, 20ml of 0.35% Ropivacaine along with 1 mg dexamethasone or saline on each side, total dosage 40 ml, via parasternal intercostal injection. 5ml of 0.35% ropivacaine along with 0.5 mg dexamethasone or saline on each leg, total dosage 10 ml, via peripheral saphenous nerve block.
Results: The consumptions of intraoperative sufentanil and vasopressor were significantly lower in ropivacaine group(P＜0.05). Analgesia was adequate in the ropivacaine group up to 20 h. VAS score in the ropivacaine group significantly was lower compared with the saline group up to 12 h postoperatively(P＜0.05). The time of first rescue analgesic, anaesthesia recovery and extubation were significantly less in patients of the ropivacaine group(P＜0.05). The majority of the ropivacaine group patients did not need rescue dezocine, while the most of the saline group needed dezocine (P <0.05). The hemodynamic variables were stable in all patients. Few cases reported trivial adverse effects.
Conclusions: Preemptive parasternal intercostal nerve block provide adequate analgesia for the first 20 h after surgery and reduce intraoperative sufentanil, intraoperative norepinephrine and postoperative dezocine consumption as well as the time of extubation.
Trial registration: The study was registered at chictr.org.cn (identifier: ChiCTR1800017210，Registered 18 July 2018).
The bisoprolol efficiency predictors in patients with stable angina after myocardial infarction
Authors: Zamakhina O. V. , Bunova S. S. , Usacheva E. V. , Kulikova O. M. , Pomorgailo E. G. , Nikolayev N. A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: to identify the of bisoprolol effectiveness predictors in patients with stable angina after myocardial infarction.Materials and methods: 107 patients with stable angina who underwent myocardial infarction aged 35–65 years (mean age 54,7 ± 6,2 years) were examined in an open, comparative, register study, of which groups were generated: with the achieved and unreached target heart rate (60 or less in 1 minute). Additionally, the respondents were stratified into subsamples by the presence of ADRB1 gene Arg389Gly polymorphism. All patients underwent a 5-minute study of heart rate variability (HRV) in the background sample and in active orthostasis and the determination of the ADRB1 gene polymorphism (Arg389Gly, rs1801253) by PCR. All patients received bisoprolol in the selected optimal maximum-tolerated dose.The main results: respondents who did not reach the target heart rate significantly more often complained about heartbeat and heart rhythm interruptions (p = 0,003), increased incidence of cardiac pain episodes (p = 0,02), noted a high demand for nitrates (p = 0,03) and significantly more often sought medical help. In respondents with the achieved target heart rate, sympathetic influences were less expressed in the background HRV sample with significantly higher parasympathetic influences expression by contrast. The number of sympathicotonics in terms of HRV at rest was significantly higher among respondents with unreached heart rate. When comparing the frequencies of alleles in respondents with the achieved target heart rate, a significant (p = 0.0001) prevalence of carriers of the Gly allele of the ADRB1 gene Arg389Gly polymorphism was revealed. The heart rate in carriers of the Gly allele in homo-or heterozygous form was significantly lower than in carriers of the homozygous genotype Arg389Arg.Conclusion: The predictors of the bisoprolol effectiveness in achieving the target heart rate in patients with stable angina after MI are: a stress index less than 104.5 cu. in the background sample of a 5-minute HRV, the presence of the polymorphic Gly allele of the ADRB1 gene Arg389Gly polymorphism, the age of less than 46 years, and the total spectrum power in the background HRV sample of more than 1309 ms.
Current Understanding of Group A Streptococcal Biofilms
Authors: Vyas Heema K.N. , Proctor Emma-Jayne , McArthur Jason , Gorman Jody , Sanderson-Smith Martina 
Published: April 2019

Background:It has been proposed that GAS may form biofilms. Biofilms are microbial communities that aggregate on a surface, and exist within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms offer bacteria an increased survival advantage, in which bacteria persist, and resist host immunity and antimicrobial treatment. The biofilm phenotype has long been recognized as a virulence mechanism for many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, however very little is known about the role of biofilms in GAS pathogenesis.Objective:This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of biofilms in GAS pathogenesis. This review assesses the evidence of GAS biofilm formation, the role of GAS virulence factors in GAS biofilm formation, modelling GAS biofilms, and discusses the polymicrobial nature of biofilms in the oropharynx in relation to GAS.Conclusion:Further study is needed to improve the current understanding of GAS as both a monospecies biofilm, and as a member of a polymicrobial biofilm. Improved modelling of GAS biofilm formation in settings closely mimicking in vivo conditions will ensure that biofilms generated in the lab closely reflect those occurring during clinical infection.
Influence of New Synthetic Xanthones on the Proliferation and Migration Potential of Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro
Authors: Szkaradek Natalia , Sypniewski Daniel , Żelaszczyk Dorota , Gałka Sabina , Borzdziłowska Paulina , Marona Henryk , Bednarek Ilona 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Natural plant metabolites and their semisynthetic derivatives have been used for years in
cancer therapy. Xanthones are oxygenated heterocyclic compounds produced as secondary metabolites by higher
plants, fungi or lichens. Xanthone core may serve as a template in the synthesis of many derivatives that have broad
biological activities.

Objective:
This study synthesized a series of 17 new xanthones, and their anticancer potential was also evaluated.

Methods:
The anticancer potential was evaluated in vitro using a highly invasive T24 cancer cell line. Direct cytotoxic
effects of the xanthones were established by IC50 estimation based on XTT assay.

Results:
5 compounds of the total 17 showed significant cytotoxicity toward the studied cancer cultures and were
submitted to further detailed analysis, including studies examining their influence on gelatinase A and B expression,
as well as on the cancer cells migration and adhesion to an extracellular matrix. These analyses were carried out on
five human tumor cell lines: A2780 (ovarian cancer), A549 (lung cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), Hep G2 (liver
cancer), and T24 (urinary bladder cancer). All the compounds, especially 4, showed promising anticancer activity:
they exhibited significant cytotoxicity towards all the evaluated cell lines, including MCF-7 breast cancer, and
hindered migration-motility activity of cancer cells demonstrating more potent activity than α-mangostin which
served as a reference xanthone.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that our xanthone derivatives may be further analyzed in order to include them in
cancer treatment protocols.
Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Coronary Stenting Treated with Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and after Withdrawal of Clopidogrel: Impact of Bioactive Titanium Stent versus Everolimus-coated Stent
Authors: Hernandiz Amparo , Díez Jose Luis , Moscardo Antonio , Latorre Ana , Domenech Maria Dolores , Santos Maria Teresa , Valles Juana 
Published: April 2019

Objective:To study platelet reactivity at different times while on dual antiplatelet
therapy (DAPT) with aspirin (ASA) and clopidogrel in patients treated with bioactive
stents (TITAN2®) or everolimus-coated stents (XIENCE V®) and one month afterclopidogrel cessation.
Background: Coronary intervention damages the endothelium and causes platelet response leading to thrombotic occlusion, which is prevented with DAPT.
Methods:We studied 20 patients with bioactive stent and stable ischemia (BAS-SI
group); 31 patients with bioactive stent and acute coronary syndrome (BAS-ACS
group) and 31 patients with stable ischemia and everolimus-coated stent (EVE group).
DAPT was administered (ASA 100 mg/day and clopidogrel 75 mg/day) for one year in
BAS-ACS and EVE groups and for 1 month in BAS-SI group. Platelet aggregation
induced by different agonists and platelet recruitment were analyzed at different times
of DAPT and 1 month after clopidogrel cessation.

Results: After one month of DAPT, platelet aggregation showed no difference between
groups; at 12 months of DAPT, the response to collagen and ADP increased in EVE group. Platelet recruitment at 1 month was higher in the BAS-ACS than the other
groups; after 12 months, recruitment increased in the EVE group with respect to BASACS.
Platelet aggregation and recruitment in diabetics were significantly higher in all
situations than in non-diabetic patients. Clopidogrel withdrawal increased ADPinduced
aggregation and collagen-induced aggregation and recruitment.
Conclusion: Platelet reactivity in patients with DAPT varies with time, depending on
the subset of patients, the type of the stent implanted and the time after implantation.
CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Stadnicki Antoni , Rusnák Martin , Stadnicka Anna 
Published: April 2019

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common, but underdiagnozed clinical disorder associated with a variety of signs and symptoms. The presence of leg edema in association with varicose veins, and venous leg ulcer in later disease stages defines the disease. The pathogenesis of chronic venous disease is based on venous reflux, obstruction, or a combination thereof. Prior postthrombotic syndrome is one of risk factor for CVI which may explain observed prevalence of thrombophilia in CVI. Color flow duplex ultrasound is the gold standard for nearly all diagnostic issues related to chronic venous disease. Compression stockings are the mainstay for conservative management. Earlier use of venous ablation therapy should be considered in symptomatic patients with superficial tortuous vein
PERSONALITY VALUE QUALITIES OF AN IDEAL HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHER
Authors: Skyba Yurii 
Published: April 2019

The paper analyses the results of the survey, conducted by the scientists among the students of foreign and Ukrainian higher education institutions, and our own scientific researches on the personality value qualities of an ideal higher education teacher. It has been defined that students of foreign higher education institutions focus on the following personality value qualities of an ideal higher education teacher: the first position is taken by expertise in the relevant field, communication skills; the second is taken by teaching tact, intelligence, empathy, emotional stability, openness; the third is occupied by self-awareness, tolerance, knowledge of behavioural strategies, creativity, and ability to build relationships with students. At the same time, the negative characteristics that a higher education teacher should not have are revealed, namely: in the first position students point out bias and injustice and the following positions are taken by arrogance; illiteracy; unprofessionalism; pride; condescension, vanity, etc.
The analysis of the researches of the Ukrainian scientists demonstrates the following personality value qualities of an ideal higher education teacher, which are identified in the descending sequence: high intelligence; in-depth knowledge of the discipline, mastery of teaching methodology, teaching tact, communication skills; fairness, creativity, attentiveness, sense of humour and benevolence; moral rectitude, organizational skills, emotional and volitional stability; adherence to principles, exactingness, politeness and responsibility.
In this paper we present our own survey among the students of the Ukrainian higher education institutions and introduce the following personality value qualities of an ideal higher education teacher in the descending order: moral; communication; mastery of teaching methodology of the discipline; intelligence, expertise in the relevant field and in-depth professional knowledge; organizational and volitional qualities.
BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT PROCESSES IN CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L., GROWN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH BIOSTIMULANTS
Authors: Lupak Oksana 
Published: April 2019

The effect of plant growth biostimulants «Vermymag», «Vermyiodis» and «Vermystym» on the content of enzymes of antioxidant protection and metabolites of the prooxidant-antioxidant system of C. officinalis flowers of the cultivated variety «Poliova Krasunia» cultivated in the soil and climatic conditions of the Precarpathian region has been analyzed. It was shown that applying biostimulants during cultivation of C. officinalis flowers contributed to the increase (p<0.05-0.01) of antioxidant enzymes activity compared with control plants. In particular, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was higher with applying biostimulants «Vermymag» and «Vermyiodis». The biostimulant «Vermymag» had a positive influence on the peroxidase activity, contributing to the increase of enzyme content up to 21% comparing with the control. The content of ascorbic acid increased under the influence of all biostimulants in plant cells. The use of stimulants positively influenced the redox state of C. officinalis cells, contributing to suppressing lipoperoxidation processes and increasing the resistance of plants to the action of stress factors. It is found out that growth biostimulants promote the balance of prooxidant-antioxidant processes in C. officinalis plants.
Russia-Japan Security Dialogue
Authors: Paramonov O. G. 
Published: April 2019

In the face of deteriorating the regional security environment in East Asia, a noticeable growth of Japan’s defense capabilities and Tokyo’s departure from most self-restraints in the field of security policy look quite expected and natural process. At the same time, Japan continues to rely on the alliance with the United States. On the other hand, relations between Washington and Moscow are now at their lowest point since the Cold War. Japan itself has territorial claims to Russia. This means, based on confrontational logic that returns to the international agenda, that Japan’s traditionally reserved attitude towards Russia should be maintained. However, today we are witnessing a different situation. After the start of regular personal meetings between Russian President Vladimir Putin and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, the dialogue is intensified on a wide range of issues, including those related to international security, and especially its regional aspect. Although certain background for that was noted before the Sochi meeting between V. Putin and S. Abe, this foreign policy turn, and, in particular, its speed, came as a surprise not only for Tokyo’s Western partners, but also for many Japanese politicians and experts. This article is devoted to the analysis of its possible causes, as well as the search for an answer to the next question.Is the dialogue between Russia and Japan a situational political maneuver or a step towards cooperation on security issues?
Russia-Australia Relations before and after the Ukrainian Crisis
Authors: Krivushin I. V. 
Published: April 2019

The crisis of Australian-Russian relations after Russia’s annexation of Crimea in March 2014 and the set of factors that caused it have received little attention from scholars of international affairs. The article contributes to addressing this research lacuna. It examines the 2014–2015 crisis in bilateral relations from the point of view of both Moscow and of Canberra. The author analyses the evolution of these relations before 2014 to understand whether the Ukrainian crisis was the cause of their sharp deterioration in 2014–2015, or it only accelerated the process that began much earlier. He demonstrates that Australia had no close political and economic ties with Russia, and the two countries did not consider each other as priority partners. The article finds that in 2014–2015 the Kremlin did not take into account a number of factors, such as very limited interest of Australia in commercial exchanges with Russia, Canberra’s growing suspicions about Moscow’s foreign policy intentions and view of Russia as a revisionist power (especially after the 2008 Russia-Georgia war), a strong sense of solidarity with the West among Australia’s political elites, and Russia’s increasingly worsening public image in Australia, that negatively affected Canberra’s stance towards the Kremlin even before 2014, and which greatly contributed to the crisis in bilateral relations. As for future development, the author identifies two factors that may have a negative impact on Russian-Australian relations: 1) rising energy demand in China and India, making Russia and Australia potential competitors in Asia’s gas markets; 2) a too close rapprochement of Moscow with Beijing, fraughtwith the risk of embroiling Russia in a web of conflicts in the Western Pacific.
Russia, China and the Pacific Countries of Latin America: Opportunities for Multilateral Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Novikov D. P. 
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of modern relations of Russia, China and the Pacific states of Latin America. Author focuses on potential of cooperation of these states in multilateral formats and dialogues and the reform of the economic and institutional order in the Asia-Pacific. The relevance of such cooperation is increasing due to the crisis of the international order that has emerged in the Asia-Pacific region. This crisis manifests itself in two aspects. First, we may observe a certain lack of institutions of regulation of economic relations and ideas for their further development. Such a complex agenda is shaped by Russia and China in relation to Eurasia (the concept of “Greater Eurasia”), but the promotion of a similar agenda in the APEC faces many contradictions. Second, the Asia-Pacific region is becoming an area of confrontation between the United States and China, which is also manifested in the struggle for the future configuration of the regional order in the region. The Pacific countries of Latin America were not affected by either the Russian or Chinese mega-initiatives of recent years, which are aimed precisely at creating a new international order. Meanwhile, these countries are APEC members and participants in many regional initiatives, as well as potentially significant economic partners for both Russia and China. Moreover, the author believes that a similar level of economic development and similar needs objectively bring together the views and approaches of the leading Eurasian powers and the Pacific states of Latin America to the development of multilateral institutions of the regional order. However, the historically established institutional and political linkage of these countries to the United States currently determines their support for American initiatives. This provision, however, is not a given, and some irregularity of the American regional policy under the Trump administration makes the development of dialogue with these countries on the broad problems of multilateral cooperation in Eurasia and the Asia-Pacific region even more in demand. The author considers the proposed analysis and some conclusions as an opportunity for academic and expert discussion on the identified issues.