bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential impact of introducing a nonavalent HPV vaccination
Authors: Bogani Giorgio , Taverna Francesca , Lombardo Claudia , Signorelli Mauro , Chiappa Valentina , Casarin Jvan , Scaffa Cono , Leone Roberti Maggiore Umberto , Recalcati Dario , Ditto Antonino , Martinelli Fabio , Borghi Chiara , Perotto Stefania , Ferrero Simone , Lorusso Domenica , Raspagliesi Francesco 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo test the theoretical utility of incorporating nonavalent vaccination against HPV into a clinical setting.MethodsThe present retrospective study included data from consecutive patients who underwent HPV‐DNA testing between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2015. Changes in the prevalence of different HPV types were assessed during three periods (T1, 1998–2003; T2, 2004–2009; and T3, 2010–2015) using XY analysis.ResultsThe study included a total of 13 665 patients. Overall, 1361, 5130, and 7174 patients were included in the T1, T2, and T3 periods, respectively. The quadrivalent vaccine would have potentially protected against HPV in 71.5% (973/1361), 46.5% (2385/5130), and 26.5% (1901/7174) of patients in T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P<0.001 for trend). The nonavalent vaccine could have protected against HPV in 92.5% (1259/1361), 72.3% (3709/5130), and 58.1% (4168/7174) of patients in T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P<0.001 for trend). The proportion of patients with genital dysplasia grade 2+ who did not have infections with HPV genotypes covered by the quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccines increased across the three periods (P<0.001 for trend). For all study periods, the protection provided by the nonavalent vaccine would have been superior to the quadrivalent vaccine (χ2 test P<0.001).ConclusionThe introduction of a nonavalent vaccine could improve protection against HPV infections and HPV‐related genital dysplasia.
Ancestry and development: New evidence
Authors: Spolaore Enrico , Wacziarg Romain 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe revisit the relationship between ancestral distance and barriers to the diffusion of development by replicating previous results with a new genomic dataset on human microsatellite variation. We find a statistically and economically significant effect of ancestral distance from the technological frontier on income per capita. The historical pattern of the effect is hump shaped, peaking between 1870 and 1913, and declining steeply afterwards. This suggests that ancestral distance acts as a temporary barrier to the diffusion of development. We also find that ancestral distance from the frontier is a barrier to the spread of specific technologies and institutions in modern times.
Distribution characteristics of different human papillomavirus genotypes in women in Wuhan, China
Authors: Xiang Feiyan , Guan Qing , Liu Xinwen , Xiao Han , Xia Qian , Liu Xiuzhen , Sun Hong , Song Xiaojie , Zhong Yuanyuan , Yuan Chun‐Hui , Xiang Yun 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are strongly associated with the development of cervical carcinoma, and the distribution of HPV genotypes varies regionally.MethodsTo investigate the distribution characteristics of different genotypes of HPV infection in women in Wuhan, China, a total of 13 775 patients were enrolled over 2 years.ResultsOf these, 2436 patients were infected with HPVs, and the total infection rate was 17.68%. The infection rate of high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) was significantly higher (13.96%) than that of single low‐risk HPV (LR‐HPV; 3.72%). Among the HR‐HPV infections, the most common genotype was HPV 52 with an infection rate of 4.23%, followed by HPVs 16, 58, 39, and 51. The most common LR‐HPV genotype was HPV 81, followed by HPVs 6, 11, and 44. Patients under the age of 25 years were found to have the highest HPV infection rate (P < .05). After the age range of 51‐55 years, a downward trend in total HPVs and HR‐HPVs was observed. The HPV infection rate for a single genotype was higher than that for multiple HPVs (P < .01), and the detection rates in summer and winter were significantly higher than those in spring and autumn.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the distribution characteristics of various HPV genotype infections are associated with region and age and may be related to season. These data could be the basis for further epidemiological analysis into the control and prevention of HPV infection in this region.
Evaluation of hematological indices of childhood illnesses in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Anabire Nsoh Godwin , Aryee Paul Armah , Addo Francis , Anaba Frank , Kanwugu Osman Nabayire , Ankrah Jacob , Awandare Gordon Akanzuwine , Helegbe Gideon Kofi 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAlthough hematological indices cannot in entirety be used to diagnose diseases or defects, the appropriate interpretation of these indices could complement diagnostics such as microscopy and serology for numerous illnesses in children. This study sought to evaluate distinct hematological indices characterizing different childhood illnesses.MethodsFull blood counts from 150 children (age range from 1 to 15 year) presenting different disease conditions at the Tamale Central Hospital were assessed. The hematological indices were compared between disease categories, and relationships between disease indicators were determined.ResultsThe prevalence of the diagnosed childhood illness were: 50.7% malaria, 20.0% diarrhea, 13.3% typhoid fever, 10.0% Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), and 6.0% malaria‐typhoid co‐infection. Fever was diagnosed in a majority (66.0%) of the children, but was independent of each disease group, (χ2 = 9.18, P = .057). Of the 24 hematological indices analyzed, eight; red blood cell (RBC) (P < .001), hemoglobin (Hb) (P < .001), mean cell volume (MCV) (P = .002), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) (P < .001; lowest and below normal range for SCD), red cell distribution width (RDW_CV) (P < .001), eosinophil percentage [EOS (%)] (P = .001), eosinophil number [EOS#] (P = .002), and platelets (PLT) (P = .001; lowest for malaria) differed significantly across the different disease groups. Levels of Hb and/or MCV were below the normal reference ranges for most of the diagnosed diseases. In addition, low PLT and MCH were respectively distinct for children with malaria and SCD.ConclusionHematological indices including Hb, MCV and PLT, or MCH may be useful indices that could incite further diagnostic tests for malaria or SCD among children in Ghana.
Improved ssDNA recombineering for rapid and efficient pathway engineering in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Su Tianyuan , Jin Haiying , Zheng Yi , Zhao Qian , Chang Yizhao , Wang Qian , Qi Qingsheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCorynebacterium glutamicum is an important microorganism for the industrial production of high value‐added compounds. Therefore, powerful genetic engineering tools are required for metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum.RESULTSIn this study, the application of ssDNA recombineering was extended to realize efficient and rapid genetic engineering of C. glutamicum. The efficiency of one‐step ssDNA recombineering reached 60% without the need for an additional selective marker. Multi‐nucleotide modifications and strain iterative engineering were also achieved. As evidence of its potential in metabolic engineering, a base substitution mutation of aspartokinase T311I was introduced to relieve the feedback inhibition involved in L‐lysine biosynthesis while simultaneously investigating the combinatory effect of adjacent residues in one step. Iterative engineering enabled rapid mutation of 11 nucleotides in the RBS/initiation codon region to improve lysine production 100‐fold compared with the wild‐type organism.CONCLUSIONSCRISPR‐Cas9‐assisted ssDNA recombineering was developed for genome editing of C. glutamicum with high efficiency. This strategy contributes to the toolbox available for genetic engineering of C. glutamicum and boosts the strain engineering for more industrial applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation and purification of L‐proline and L‐hydroxyproline from the hydrolysate of sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprota
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Zhang Yali , Xue Yaping , Lin Saijun , Zheng Yuguo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta is a low‐value marine product with high contents of heavy metals in the body wall. However, it could be used as a substitute source of land‐based animals for value‐added products L‐proline (L‐Pro) and L‐hydroxyproline (L‐Hyp). For high recoveries and purities of L‐Pro and L‐Hyp from A. leucoprocta hydrolysate, the preparative separation of these imino acids with cation exchange resins was investigated.RESULTSAmong 11 cation exchange resins tested, Dowex 50WX8 resin offered the best separation capacity for L‐Pro and L‐Hyp from each other and impurities. The static equilibrium adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo‐second‐order model. For the most effective ion exchange process, the adsorption and desorption parameters of L‐Pro and L‐Hyp were optimized with the column packed with Dowex 50WX8 resin. Under optimal conditions, the preparative separation of L‐Pro and L‐Hyp was easily and effectively achieved. The L‐Pro purity increased from 55.7% in the extract of A. leucoprocta hydrolysate to 94.3% in the eluent, and the L‐Hyp purity increased from 27.8% to 95.7%; their final recovery yields from the extract of A. leucoprocta hydrolysate were 93.3% and 89.4%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur study provided an effective approach for large‐scale production of imino acids extracted from low‐value sea products, and offered a scientific reference for the separation of other valuable components. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
LC‐QTOF characterization of non‐anthocyanic flavonoids in four Tunisian fig varieties
Authors: Soltana Hala , De Rosso Mirko , Lazreg Houda , Vedova Antonio Dalla , Hammami Mohamed , Flamini Riccardo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFlavonoids are compounds characterized by antioxidant activity, and their intake in the human diet is considered useful for health and nutrition. Non‐anthocyanic flavonoids in 4 different types of Tunisian figs belonging to the smyrna‐type Ficus carica varieties known as Kholi, Tchich Asal, Himri, and Bidhi were studied by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry UHPLC‐QqTOF. Twenty‐two compounds belonging to the classes of flavanones (naringenin and eriodictyol), flavones (3 apigenin and 5 luteolin derivatives), and flavonols (2 kaempferol and 7 quercetin derivatives) were identified. Three O‐methoxy flavonols (tamarixetin, syringetin, and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐glucoside) were found in figs for the first time. Total content of non‐anthocyanic flavonoids found in dark varieties (between 410 and 830 mg/kg) show that these F. carica are fruits qualitatively and quantitatively rich of dietary polyphenols.
Effects of ultrasonication, agitation and stirring extraction techniques on the physicochemical properties, health‐promoting phytochemicals and structure of cold‐brewed coffee
Authors: Ahmed Maruf , Jiang Gui‐Hun , Park Ji Su , Lee Ki‐Chang , Seok Yoon Yeong , Eun Jong Bang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltrasonication, agitation and stirring or a combination of ultrasonication, agitation and stirring extraction techniques were applied to observe their effects on the physicochemical properties, health‐promoting phytochemicals, and structure of cold brewed coffee.RESULTSAll the extraction techniques led to significant (P < 0.05) increases in the color values, total soluble solids, antioxidant activities and most organic acids, while a combination of extraction techniques increased the chlorogenic acid and caffeine content significantly (P < 0.05) compared with that by conventional methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy allowed us to identify the different compounds in the cold‐brewed coffee extract rapidly. The partial least square regression model presented good predictability because experimental and predicted values were close to each other. Principal component analysis revealed that levels of all phytochemicals correlated with the use of non‐conventional methods.CONCLUSIONThe combination of ultrasonication and agitation might be the best option to enhance the various phytochemicals in cold‐brewed coffee. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Syringe cleanup with UHPLC–MS/MS for nitroimidazoles and steroids detection in manure‐based fertilizers
Authors: Wu Huizhen , Tong Jianying , Wang Jianmei , Ji Xiaofeng , Li Zuguang , Qian Mingrong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA syringe‐dispersive solid‐phase extraction method was developed for the determination of seven nitroimidazoles and nine steroids in manure‐based fertilizers by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Methanol and acetonitrile were used to extract the sample, and mixed dispersive sorbents dispersed in the syringe were used for purification. The extract was separated with an HSS‐T3 column and detected in positive or negative multiple reaction monitoring mode. Under the optimal conditions, the recoveries of the 16 compounds ranged from 70.3 to 112.3% at the four spiked levels (3, 10, 20, and 50 μg/kg) and the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.0 to 12.4%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.22–0.86 and 0.73–2.87 μg/kg, respectively. This method is simple, fast, and reliable, and can be used to simultaneously screen and determine nitroimidazoles and steroids in manure‐based fertilizers.
Ramial wood amendments (Piliostigma reticulatum) mitigate degradation of tropical soils but do not replenish nutrient exports
Authors: Félix Georges F. , Clermont‐Dauphin Cathy , Hien Edmond , Groot Jeroen C.J. , Penche Aurélien , Barthès Bernard G. , Manlay Raphaël J. , Tittonell Pablo , Cournac Laurent 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRestoring degraded soils to support food production is a major challenge for West African smallholders who have developed local innovations to counter further degradation. The objective of this study was to evaluate a local farmer's technique that uses ramial wood (RW) as soil amendment (Piliostigma reticulatum shrub). Three treatments were applied in an experimental plot in Burkina Faso: control (no amendment), low RW (3 Mg fresh mass·ha−1·yr−1), and high RW (12 Mg fresh mass·ha−1·yr−1). RW was chipped to <5‐cm pieces and either buried or mulched. Topsoil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in control and low‐RW treatments declined after 7 years of continuous sorghum cultivation. Use of high‐RW amendment stabilized soil C content while N and P declined, thus not replenishing nutrient exports. Net contribution to soil C in the layer measuring 0–15 cm was 15% of the applied C in the high‐RW amendments. Although biomass and grain yields were higher in high‐RW treatments, crop productivity declined throughout the experiment for all treatments. Termite casts on RW treatments evidenced the potential role of wood‐foraging termites in diluting the impact of RW on soil fertility build‐up and soil water content. We conclude that mitigating soil degradation under semiarid conditions in Burkina Faso would require large amounts of woody amendments, particularly if the level of termite activity is high. Additional nutrient sources would be needed to compensate for removal in exported products so that biomass and grain production can be stabilized or increased.
Accuracy of SPECT/CT‐based lung dose calculation for Holmium‐166 hepatic radioembolization before OSEM convergence
Authors: van Nierop Bastiaan J. , Prince Jip F. , van Rooij Rob , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J. , Lam Marnix G.E.H. , de Jong Hugo W.A.M. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeIn intra‐arterial hepatic radioembolization using Holmium‐166 (166Ho) microspheres, a predicted lung‐absorbed dose of more than 30 Gy is a contraindication for therapy. Therefore, scout imaging by means of quantitative SPECT of the lungs after a low‐dose pretreatment session is essential. Earlier we showed the superiority of Monte Carlo‐based iterative SPECT reconstructions over conventional reconstructions due to its quantitative nature, required for dosimetry, at the cost of substantial computation times. In clinical routine, however, the limited available time between scout imaging and therapy constrains its application. To reduce computation times, we investigated the minimum number of iterations required to guarantee a clinical acceptable accuracy in lung dose estimation using patient and phantom data.Methods166Ho scout SPECT data (range: 222‐283 MBq) were used from 10 patients. SPECT images were Monte Carlo‐based OSEM reconstructed (effective iterations: 240). Additionally, the 4D XCAT anthropomorphic phantom was used to mimic studies with an injected scout activity of 250 MBq and with varying lung‐absorbed doses ranging from 0.9 to 225 Gy for a therapeutic dosage of 15 GBq. These studies were reconstructed in the same way as the patient data, and were also reconstructed using a clinically available, standard OSEM algorithm for comparison. Lung‐absorbed dose was determined using VOI analysis as a function of iterations.ResultsThe estimated lung‐absorbed dose in nine patients ranged upon MC‐based OSEM convergence from 0 to 0.26 Gy for a therapeutic dosage. One patient had an estimated lung absorbed‐dose for a therapeutic dosage of 20.3 Gy upon MC‐based OSEM convergence, or 18.4 Gy after 40 iterations (−9%). The phantom data showed that the lung‐absorbed dose upon OSEM convergence was underestimated by 15% as compared to the actual simulated lung dose, and the dose after 40 iterations was underestimated by 9% as compared to the dose upon convergence. Both underestimations were irrespective of the magnitude of the lung‐absorbed dose (0.9 to 225 Gy) and thus can be easily corrected for. The quantitative accuracy of the MC‐based OSEM reconstructions (40 iterations, before convergence) outperformed the clinical OSEM reconstruction while estimating the lung dose.ConclusionsThe number of effective iterations necessary for quantitative estimation of the lung dose using MC‐based OSEM can be reduced from 240 to 40. The resulting sixfold reduction in calculation time enables processing of the scout images before therapy administration.
Taking the responsibility in dementia care: A concept analysis about facticity
Authors: Caldas Célia Pereira , Berterö Carina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive definition of facticity, applicable to dementia nursing.MethodsWalker and Avant's Concept Analysis was used to analyse facticity. Published literature found in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Scopus using the search term facticity and nursing, as well as books and dictionaries and empirical data was used to clarify the concept.ResultsFacticity in nursing dementia care is being in reality taking on responsibility to truth. Antecedents of facticity include persons occupied with caring a demented older person including full‐time duties, often accompanied by resistive behaviours. They are overloaded both physically and psychologically. Being present and feeling compassion and nurturing the relationship with the demented older persons and in that way strengthen the caregiving process.ConclusionNurses need to be aware that all human beings are living with facticity.
Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus large surface antigen induces hepatocyte hyperploidy via failure of cytokinesis
Authors: Li Tian‐Neng , Wu Yi‐Ju , Tsai Hung‐Wen , Sun Cheng‐Pu , Wu Yi‐Hsuan , Wu Hui‐Lin , Pei Yi‐Ning , Lu Kuan‐Ying , Yen Tim Ting‐Chung , Chang Chien‐Wen , Chan Hong‐Lin , Tao Mi‐Hua , Liou Jun‐Yang , Chang Margaret Dah‐Tsyr , Su Ih‐Jen , Wang Lily Hui‐Ching 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an aetiological factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite current antiviral therapies that successfully reduce the viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B, persistent hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) remains a risk factor for HCC. To explore whether intrahepatic viral antigens contribute directly to hepatocarcinogenesis, we monitored the mitotic progression of HBV‐positive cells. Cytokinesis failure was increased in HBV‐positive HepG2.2.15 and 1.3ES2 cells, as well as in HuH‐7 cells transfected with a wild‐type or X‐deficient HBV construct, but not in cells transfected with an HBsAg‐deficient construct. We show that expression of viral large surface antigen (LHBS) was sufficient to induce cytokinesis failure of immortalized hepatocytes. Premitotic defects with DNA damage and G2/M checkpoint attenuation preceded cytokinesis in LHBS‐positive cells, and ultimately resulted in hyperploidy. Inhibition of polo‐like kinase‐1 (Plk1) not only restored the G2/M checkpoint in these cells, but also suppressed LHBS‐mediated in vivo tumourigenesis. Finally, a positive correlation between intrahepatic LHBS expression and hepatocyte hyperploidy was detected in >70% of patients with chronic hepatitis B. We conclude that HBV LHBS provokes hyperploidy by inducing DNA damage and upregulation of Plk1; the former results in atypical chromatin structures, and the latter attenuates the function of the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint. Our data uncover a mechanism by which genomic integrity of hepatocytes is disrupted by viral LHBS. These findings highlight the role of intrahepatic surface antigen as an oncogenic risk factor in the development of HCC. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The third ventricle of the human fetal brain: Normative data and pathologic correlation. A 3D transvaginal neurosonography study
Authors: Birnbaum Roee , Parodi Stefano , Donarini Gloria , Meccariello Gabriella , Fulcheri Ezio , Paladini Dario 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study are to describe (a) the technical aspects and (b) the anatomical boundaries of the fetal third ventricle (3V) on the midsagittal sonographic view and to assess (c) different biometric parameters in normal and abnormal fetuses and (d) and their reproducibility.MethodsThis study included 67 normal and 50 CNS anomalies fetuses which include (1) obstructive severe ventriculomegaly (SVM; atrial width ≥ 15 mm), (2) moderate ventriculomegaly (10‐14.9 mm), and (3) corpus callosum agenesis (ACC). All underwent transvaginal 3D neurosonography of the midsagittal view of the 3V. The following parameters were measured: area, perimeter, craniocaudal and anteroposterior (AP) diameters, interthalamic adhesion diameter (ITAD), wedge angle, and the ratio between the last 2 variables (ITAD/WA). Repeatability was also assessed.ResultsThe ITAD and the ITAD/WA are significantly different between normal fetuses and the SVM (P ≤ .001). Interthalamic adhesion diameter of ≤7.1 mm is able to identify SVM with 98.6% accuracy (CI: 0.92‐0.99). In ACC cases, the AP diameter is significantly shorter than both normal fetuses and ventriculomegaly. Intraobserver/interobserver reliability was good for most variables.ConclusionsTransvaginal neurosonography enables visualization of the normal and abnormal fetal third ventricle. An ITAD <7.1 identifies aqueductal stenosis as the likely etiology of severe ventriculomegaly with an accuracy of 98.6%.