bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native-state imaging of calcifying and noncalcifying microalgae reveals similarities in their calcium storage organelles
Authors: Gal Assaf , Sorrentino Andrea , Kahil Keren , Pereiro Eva , Faivre Damien , Scheffel André 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Coccolithophores are abundant unicellular marine algae that produce calcified scales via a controlled intracellular process. Understanding the cellular controls over the calcification process is a pressing need to predict the influence of changing oceanic conditions on these major contributors to global marine calcification and carbon fluxes. Using several microalgae, and a combination of state-of-the-art cryoelectron and cryo soft X-ray microscopy, we demonstrate that the recently discovered calcium stores of coccolithophores are similar to the common calcium storage organelles of noncalcifying organisms. These results relate questions of environmental and evolutionary significance to a large body of physiological and molecular genetic findings of better-characterized organisms, and therefore provide fresh entry points for understanding calcification in coccolithophores.
Cbln2 and Cbln4 are expressed in distinct medial habenula-interpeduncular projections and contribute to different behavioral outputs
Authors: Seigneur Erica , Polepalli Jai S. , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceCerebellins are important neurexin ligands that remain poorly understood. Two critical questions in particular remain unanswered: do different cerebellins perform distinct functions, and do these functions act in the initial establishment of synapses or in rendering nascent synapses capable of normal synaptic transmission? Here we report that in mice, two homologous cerebellins, Cbln2 and Cbln4, are expressed in different types of neurons of the medial habenula (MHb), and that these neurons project to distinct target neurons in the interpeduncular nucleus. Ablation of Cbln2 or Cbln4 from the MHb impairs distinct behaviors, but only ablation of Cbln2 affects synapse numbers. Our data show that different cerebellins perform distinct functions that involve synaptic information processing but not initial synapse formation.
A New Look at the Living Arrangements of Older Americans Using Multistate Life Tables
Authors: Raymo James M , Pike Isabel , Liang Jersey 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
We extend existing research on the living arrangements of older Americans by focusing on geographic proximity to children, examining transitions in living arrangements across older ages, and describing differences by both race/ethnicity and educational attainment.

Method
We use data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) over a period of 10 years (2000–2010) to construct multistate life tables. These analyses allow us to describe the lives of older Americans between ages 65 and 90 in terms of the number of expected years of life in different living arrangements, reflecting both mortality and living arrangement transitions.

Results
Americans spend a substantial proportion of later life living near, but not with, adult children. There is a good deal of change in living arrangements at older ages and living arrangement-specific life expectancy differs markedly by race/ethnicity and educational attainment. However, overall life expectancy is not strongly related to living arrangements at age 65.

Discussion
Multistate life tables, constructed separately by sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment, provide a comprehensive description of sociodemographic differences in living arrangements across older ages in the United States. We discuss the potential implications of these differences for access to support and the exacerbation or mitigation of inequalities at older ages.
Volunteers’ Felt Respect and Its Associations With Volunteering Retention, Daily Affect, Well-being, and Mortality
Authors: Tse Dwight C K 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Volunteering is associated with improved physical and psychological well-being; volunteers feeling more respect for their work may have better well-being than their counterparts.

Methods
This study investigated the effects of felt respect for volunteer work on volunteering retention, daily affect, well-being (subjective, psychological, and social), and mortality. The study analyzed survey and mortality data from a national sample of 2,677 volunteers from the Midlife in the United States Study over a 20-year span. Daily affect data were obtained from a subsample of 1,032 volunteers.

Results
Compared to volunteers feeling less respect from others, those feeling more respect (a) were more likely to continue volunteering 10 and 20 years later, (b) had higher levels of daily positive affect and lower levels of daily negative affect, and (c) had higher levels of well-being over a 20-year period. The effect of felt respect on mortality was not statistically significant.

Discussion
Greater level of felt respect for volunteer work is positively related to volunteers’ retention rates, daily affective experience, and well-being.
Higher Brackets on Cyclic and Negative Cyclic (Co)Homology
Authors: Fiorenza Domenico , Kowalzig Niels 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to embed the string topology bracket developed by Chas–Sullivan and Menichi on negative cyclic cohomology groups as well as the dual bracket found by de Thanhoffer de Völcsey–Van den Bergh on negative cyclic homology groups into the global picture of a noncommutative differential (or Cartan) calculus up to homotopy on the (co)cyclic bicomplex in general, in case a certain Poincaré duality is given. For negative cyclic cohomology, this in particular leads to a Batalin–Vilkoviskiĭ (BV) algebra structure on the underlying Hochschild cohomology. In the special case in which this BV bracket vanishes, one obtains an $e_3$-algebra structure on Hochschild cohomology. The results are given in the general and unifying setting of (opposite) cyclic modules over (cyclic) operads.
Fear of catastrophic health expenditures and unrealistic expectations from supplementary health insurance: ethnic differences
Authors: HaGani Neta , Hayek Samah , Tarabeia Jalal , Yehia Mohammad , Green Manfred S 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
In Israel, the whole population is covered by comprehensive universal health insurance. Despite that, most of the population purchases supplementary health insurance (SHI). It has been shown that individuals purchase more health insurance and preventive medicine when they are uncertain of their state of health, while a majority may not fully understand basic concepts in their health insurance coverage. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of fear of catastrophic health expenditures and unrealistic expectations in purchasing SHI, which does not cover expenses for life-threatening illnesses.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among random samples of 814 Jews and 800 Arabs in Israel. A structured questionnaire was administered by telephone using random digit dialling. Log-linear regression was used to identify factors associated with reasons for purchasing SHI and expectations from SHI.

Results
The most common reason for purchasing SHI was fear of catastrophic health-related expenditures (41%). The most important service expected from SHI was ‘cancer medications’ (mean 4.68 [standard deviation 0.87]). Differences in the reasons for purchasing SHI and in expectations from SHI were found according to population group, age, gender and education.

Conclusions
Consumers’ misconceptions and fear of catastrophic health expenditures are major factors leading to the purchase of SHI, despite universal health coverage. Improved and accessible information should help consumers make informed decisions as to whether or not to purchase SHI.
Population Frequency of Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC) in Clinical Practice Using SEE-Fim Protocol
Authors: Samimi Goli , Trabert Britton , Geczik Ashley M , Duggan Máire A , Sherman Mark E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Frequent detection of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers undergoing risk-reducing surgery prompted the hypothesis that many adnexal high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) arise from the fallopian tube, rather than the ovary, as supposed. The changing paradigm has important implications for HGSC prevention. Most data related to the frequency of STIC are derived from case series and estimates vary widely. Therefore, we analyzed population-based data from 10 523 surgeries including salpingectomy (Jan 2014–Dec 2016) that were examined using the “Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbria” protocol, which optimizes STIC detection. Overall, STIC was detected in 40 (0.38%) specimens, including 32 diagnosed with concurrent gynecologic cancer. STIC was detected in 8 (<0.01%) of 9392 cases with benign diagnoses. We conclude that the relative rarity of STIC diagnoses in routine pathology practice has critical implications for research aiming to elucidate the pathogenesis of HGSC and developing prevention strategies.
Patterns of Failure After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Recurrent High-Grade Glioma: A Single Institution Experience of 10 Years
Authors: Ene Chibawanye I , Macomber Meghan W , Barber Jason K , Ferreira Manuel J , Ellenbogen Richard G , Holland Eric C , Rockhill Jason K , Silbergeld Daniel L , Halasz Lia M 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a treatment modality that is frequently used as salvage therapy for small nodular recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG). Due to the infiltrative nature of HGG, it is unclear if this highly focused technique provides a durable local control benefit.

OBJECTIVE
To determine how demographic or clinical factors influence the pattern of failure following SRS for recurrent high-grade gliomas.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed clinical, radiographic, and follow-up information for 47 consecutive patients receiving SRS for recurrent HGG at our institution between June 2006 and July 2016. All patients initially presented with an HGG (WHO grade III and IV). Following SRS for recurrence, all patients experienced treatment failure, and we evaluated patterns of local, regional, and distant failure in relation to the SRS 50% isodose line.

RESULTS
Most patients with recurrent HGG developed “in-field” treatment failure following SRS (n = 40; 85%). Higher SRS doses were associated with longer time to failure (hazards ratio = 0.80 per 1 Gy increase; 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.96; P = .016). There was a statistically significant increase in distant versus in-field failure among older patients (P = .035). This effect was independent of bevacizumab use (odds ratio = 0.54, P = 1.0).

CONCLUSION
Based on our experience, the majority of treatment failures after SRS for recurrent HGG were “in-field.” Older patients, however, presented with more distant failures. Our results indicate that higher SRS doses delivered to a larger area as fractioned or unfractioned regimen may prolong time to failure, especially in the older population.
‘One Stroak of His Razour’: Tales of Self-Gelding in Early Modern England
Authors: Skuse Alanna 
Published: October 2018

Summary
This article examines stories of men who gelded themselves in early modern England. These events, it argues, were shaped and partly motivated by a culture in which castration was seen as both degrading and potentially empowering. Religious precedents such as that of Origen of Alexandria framed self-gelding as a foolhardy activity, but one which nevertheless indicated an impressive degree of mastery over the body and its urges. Meanwhile, judicial and popular contexts framed castration as a humiliating and emasculating ordeal. Instances of self-gelding in this period are rare but nonetheless illuminating. Relayed in medical texts and popular ballads, such actions typically occurred as a response to emotional distress. In particular, men gelded themselves as a means to express feelings of emasculation within heterosexual relationships, and to dramatically renounce their role in the libidinal economy.
Diagnosing acute compartment syndrome: are current textbooks misleading?
Authors: Oron Amir , Netzer Niv , Rosinsky Philip , Elmaliache Danielle , Ben-Galim Peleg 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Prompt diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is critical when trying to prevent irreversible limb damage. Pain out of proportion and pain on passive tendon stretching are sufficient clinical indicators of ACS. Primary care physicians may delay in making the diagnosis of ACS because they may rely on the classic “5 P” signs. However, paralysis and pulselessness will not appear until the later stages of ACS, at a time when irreversible damage has occurred. The aim of this study was to evaluate the guidelines for diagnosis of ACS as perceived by graduating medical students and primary care physicians and as published in textbooks.

Methods:
One hundred and seventeen medical students and primary care physicians were questioned as to the diagnostic criteria of ACS. Eleven medical textbooks were reviewed to evaluate the diagnostic approach to ACS.

Results:
Of the 117 participants, only 29 (24.8%) answered correctly. Of eleven textbooks, three specifically mentioned the classic “5 P” signs but still provided the correct diagnostic steps, including the essential elements of pain beyond proportion and pain upon passive tendon stretching. Disappointingly, seven textbooks made no mention of the potentially life and limb-threatening diagnosis of ACS, and only one textbook outlined the path to diagnosis of ACS with no mention of the “5 P” signs.

Conclusions:
The misguided diagnosis according to the “5 P” signs in nonorthopaedic medical textbooks that clinicians in multiple disciplines depend on may result in devastating consequences. Pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis are signs that appear too late in the course of the disease to serve as diagnostic signs and are not signs to be waited for, a point to be emphasized in teaching.
Readmissions With Dehydration After Ileostomy Creation: Rethinking Risk Factors
Authors: Justiniano Carla F. , Temple Larissa K. , Swanger Alex A. , Xu Zhaomin , Speranza Jenny R. , Cellini Christina , Salloum Rabih M. , Fleming Fergal J. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Twenty-nine percent of postileostomy discharges are readmitted, most commonly because of dehydration. However, there is a lack of detailed data specifically evaluating factors associated with readmission with dehydration. In addition, patients with a history of an ileostomy have often been excluded from previous studies and therefore represent a group of understudied ileostomates.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to evaluate factors available at discharge associated with 30-day readmission for dehydration, rather than all-cause readmissions.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Study patients received ileostomies at a tertiary academic medical center from 2014 to 2016.

PATIENTS:
Patients with a preexisting ileostomy that was not recreated per the operative note were excluded, whereas those who received a new ileostomy were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
The primary outcome measured was 30-day readmission for dehydration as defined by objective clinical criteria.

RESULTS:
A total of 262 patients underwent ileostomy creation and were discharged alive. Twenty-five percent were ≥65 years of age, 53% were men, 14% had a history of ileostomy, 18% had a creatinine >1.0 on discharge, and 26% had high ileostomy output at any time during the index admission. Among all ileostomates, the all-cause readmission rate was 30%. Mean days to readmission for any cause was 8.5, whereas for dehydration it was 11.6 days. Of the readmissions, 37% were readmitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, and dehydration was the sole reason in 26%. Among those with dehydration, the most common length of stay was 2 days. In multivariable logistic regression, 30-day readmission with dehydration was associated with older age, male sex, history of an ileostomy, high ileostomy output during index admission, and a discharge creatinine >1.0.

LIMITATIONS:
This study was limited by its retrospective design.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ileostomy dehydration efforts have focused on new ileostomy patients; however, our data suggest that patients with a history of an ileostomy are actually at risk for readmission with dehydration. Further studies aimed at the reduction of readmission with dehydration after ileostomy are warranted and should include patients with a history of an ileostomy. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A643.
Prognostic Impact of Hypochloremia in Patients With Stage I to III Colorectal Cancer After Radical Resection
Authors: Li Qingguo , Dai Weixing , Jia Huixun , Li Yaqi , Xu Ye , Li Xinxiang , Cai Guoxiang , Cai Sanjun 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Recent studies have suggested that electrolyte disorders might be a negative prognostic factor for some diseases.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the prognostic role of electrolyte disorders in patients with stage I to III colorectal cancer who received radical surgical resection.

DESIGN:
This study was retrospectively performed.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted at a single tertiary care center.

PATIENTS:
Patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical resection in between April 2007 and April 2014 were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The Kaplan–Meier method was adopted to estimate the overall and disease-free survival with and without propensity score matching.

RESULTS:
In total, our study recruited 5089 eligible patients. In prematching analysis, patients with hypochloremia showed both shorter overall survival (HR = 0.943 (95% CI, 0.908–0.980); p = 0.003) and disease-free survival (HR = 0.957 (95% CI, 0.933–0.981); p < 0.001) than those with normal serum chloride levels. In postmatching analysis, 770 patients from each group were compared, and the results further confirmed that hypochloremia was significantly associated with worse overall survival (HR = 0.646 (95% CI, 0.489–0.855); p = 0.002) and disease-free survival (HR = 0.782 (95% CI, 0.647–0.944); p = 0.01), with the hypochloremia group as a reference.

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by its retrospective nature.

CONCLUSIONS:
Hypochloremia diagnosed before treatment can independently prognosticate the overall and disease-free survival for patients with stage I to Ш colorectal cancer after radical resection. Intensive surveillance and management might improve the survival outcome for patients with hypochloremia. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A727.
Metabolism: The road to inflammation and atherosclerosis
Authors: Ali Lubna , Schnitzler Johan G. , Kroon Jeffrey 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Evidence accumulates suggesting that cellular metabolic alterations fuel and dictate the inflammatory state of cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the observed metabolic reprogramming in endothelial cells and innate immune cells upon interaction with modified lipoproteins, thereby contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis.

Recent findings
Inflammatory endothelial cells at sites exposed to disturbed flow patterns show increased glycolytic activity. Atherogenic factors further enhance these metabolic changes by upregulating the mitochondrial energy production and thereby facilitating increased energy expenditure. Metabolic alterations are pivotal for monocyte and macrophage function as well. Exposure to atherogenic particles such as oxidized phospholipids lead to a regulatory metabolic pro-inflammatory phenotype, mediated via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and the transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf) 2. Translational studies highlighted the importance of metabolic alterations, as atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries showed an increased glycolytic signature.

Summary
Alterations in cellular metabolism play an important role in controlling and steering the inflammatory state of both endothelial cells and immune cells. Targeting glycolysis may therefore provide an interesting route to attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis.
Limited-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Straus David J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Early-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma has been highly curable using extended-field radiation therapy (RT) alone, combined-modality therapy consisting of chemotherapy and RT, and more recently chemotherapy alone. Radiation therapy either to an extended field (extended-field RT) or to various iterations of an involved field (involved-field RT) is potentially associated with late morbidity and mortality, particularly second primary cancers and cardiovascular complications. Treatment with chemotherapy alone, when possible, can achieve a high cure rate while avoiding these risks. This review describes the evolution of treatment for early-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma.
Subjective Cognitive Impairment and the Broad Autism Phenotype
Authors: Caselli Richard J. , Langlais Blake T. , Dueck Amylou C. , Locke Dona E.C. , Woodruff Bryan K. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Roughly 4% to 23% of the population embody stress prone personality and other traits characterizing a subclinical “broad autism phenotype” (BAP). Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) among healthy elderly is associated with psychological distress leading us to predict BAP would be associated with SCI.

Methods:
The Autism Spectrum Quotient, a self-administered 50 item questionnaire, was completed by 419 consecutive members of the Arizona APOE Cohort who underwent neuropsychological testing every 2 years. SCI was assessed with self and informant versions of the Multidimensional Assessment of Neurodegenerative Symptoms (MANS) Questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 45 individuals scored in the BAP range, designated BAP+, and the rest were BAP−. At entry, both Multidimensional Assessment of Neurodegenerative Symptoms Questionnaire Self and Informant scores were higher in the BAP+ group (P<0.0001). After age 60, the BAP+ group had greater annual increases in Multidimensional Assessment of Neurodegenerative Symptoms Questionnaire Self scores (0.05 vs. 0.02; difference=0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.004-0.05; P=0.02) yet there was no difference between groups in memory decline. Over ~10 years 33 individuals developed mild cognitive impairment: 4 in the BAP+ group (8.9%) and 29 in the BAP− group (7.8%), P=0.77.

Discussion:
Individuals who meet criteria for the BAP have escalating SCI with age, but no greater rate of memory decline or clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment.