bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilized Performance of Al‐Decorated and Al/Mg Co‐Decorated Spray‐Dried CaO‐Based CO2 Sorbents
Authors: Sun Jian , Yang Yuandong , Guo Yafei , Zhao Chuanwen , Zhang Jubing , Liu Wenqiang , Lu Ping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe sharp loss‐in‐capacity in CO2 capture as a result of sintering is a major drawback for CaO‐based sorbents used in the calcium looping process. The decoration of inert supports effectively stabilizes the cyclic CO2 capture performance of CaO‐based sorbents via sintering mitigation. A range of Al‐decorated and Al/Mg co‐decorated CaO‐based sorbents were synthesized via an easily scaled‐up spray‐drying route. The decoration of Al‐based and Al/Mg‐based supports efficiently enhanced the cyclic CO2 capture capability of CaO‐based sorbents under severe testing conditions. The CO2 capture capacity losses of Al‐decorated and Al/Mg co‐decorated CaO‐based sorbents were alleviated, representing more stable CO2 capture performance. The stabilized CO2 capture performance is mainly attributed to the formation of Ca12Al14O33, MgAl2O4, and MgO that act as the skeleton structures to mitigate the sintering of CaCO3 during carbonation/calcination cycles.
A Prospective Ultrafast Hemithioindigo Molecular Motor
Authors: Schildhauer Monika , Rott Florian , Thumser Stefan , Mayer Peter , de Vivie‐Riedle Regina , Dube Henry 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe maximum speed of light‐driven molecular motors is an important key‐property governing not only their overall performances but also many advanced functions. Currently, special emphasis lies on increasing the rate of unidirectional rotations to surpass natural systems and harness the full potential of artificial motors. Herein, we report a new molecular setup for a prospective light‐powered three‐step motor based on the hemithioindigo chromophore. Comprehensive quantum chemical treatment predicts a very low energy barrier for the only thermal ratcheting step in the unidirectional 360° rotation. Thus an ultrafast motion in the THz range could be possible with this motor at high light intensities and consequently a precise control of rotation speeds solely by light intensity variations could potentially be achieved. Experimental analyses using X‐ray crystallography and solution spectroscopy deliver first insights into the working mechanism and show that visible‐light photoswitching is feasible in both stable switching states. Additionally, significant alterations of the ground‐state energies can be induced by pH changes without hampering photoswitching capabilities.
Amorphous CoFe Double Hydroxides Decorated with N‐Doped CNTs for Efficient Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Liu Yang , Hu Yiping , Ma Ping , Li Feng , Yuan Fei , Wang Shuo , Luo Yutong , Ma Jiantai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development and design of a highly active and affordable nanostructured material as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrochemical oxygen evolution is a pressing necessity to realize industrial production of hydrogen by water electrolysis. Amorphous nanocomposites have recently attracted interest owing to their superior electrocatalytic activity derived from their unique structure. Herein, amorphous CoFe double hydroxides (Am‐CFDH) decorated with N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) is synthesized by a facile and simple one‐pot approach under room temperature. Through electrochemical measurement, the bare Am‐CFDH nanocomposite already exhibits a comparable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity to the commercial IrO2 catalyst on account of its amorphous nature and the interaction between Co and Fe. The introduced NCNTs can provide better electrical conductivity, more anchoring sites, and functional groups for enhancing the transfer of electrons and reactants, preventing the agglomeration of Am‐CFDH to expose more active sites, and improving the synergistic effect between Am‐CFDH and NCNTs. Thus, the Am‐CFDH/NCNTs hybrid displays favorable durability beyond 20 h and advanced OER activity, owning a small overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 56.88 mV dec−1 in alkaline medium.
Changes in habitat selection patterns of the gray partridgePerdix perdixin relation to agricultural landscape dynamics over the past two decades
Authors: Harmange Clément , Bretagnolle Vincent , Sarasa Mathieu , Pays Olivier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChanges in agricultural practices have reshaped agricultural landscapes and triggered a drastic decline in spatial and temporal heterogeneity leading to changes in habitat quality and food resources for birds. However, the precise relationships between landscape changes, spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and habitat preferences in response to those changes remain poorly known.We investigated patterns of habitat selection and causes for changes over the years 1997–2017 for the gray partridgePerdix perdix, an iconic farmland species which has experienced a severe decline since the 1950s. Using a long‐term (1997–2017) dataset collected over 435 km2, we modeled relationships between annual land‐cover maps and partridge sightings over 17 5‐year moving windows, assessing the effects of landscape metrics, the strength of the relationships, and the dynamics of habitat suitability.We detected a shift in gray partridge habitat preferences over time, toward more risky habitats. Avoidance of predator reservoirs (woodlands and buildings) has weakened, and selection of human infrastructure, such as roads and tracks, has increased. Since 1997, the mean size of suitable patches has also decreased by about 26%.We have interpreted these changes in habitat selection as being the result of decreasing habitat quality and the increasing prevalence of captive‐reared birds, currently released in their thousands in the study site.Synthesis and applications. The gray partridge has not adjusted well to changes in farming practices, and the low, still decreasing, population density suggests that it is not sustainable, despite local initiatives and the investment in captive‐bird releases. We emphasize that efforts must be redirected toward habitat improvement to restore the density of refuge cover, insects, and seeds in the landscape, hunting management to ensure self‐sustainable populations and massive releases of high‐quality birds. Only integrated local management, involving hunters, farmers, gamekeepers, and scientists can ensure the recovery of this species.
The Montessori Preschool Landscape in the United States: History, Programmatic Inputs, Availability, and Effects
Authors: Ackerman Debra J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Day 1 Academies Fund aims to support a network of high‐quality, full‐scholarship, Montessori‐inspired preschools in underserved communities. To provide insight into the fund's pedagogical inspiration, in this report I provide a high‐level overview of the Montessori preschool landscape in the United States. This overview includes 5 key programmatic elements of a traditional Montessori approach to teaching and learning in classrooms serving preschool‐aged children, the reported availability of Montessori programs that enroll 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children, and what is known about enrollees' demographics. To situate this information in the larger, publicly financed, early education policy context, I also provide similar data for state‐funded pre‐K and federally funded Head Start programs for preschoolers. In addition, I review research on children's outcomes after participating in U.S.‐based Montessori preschool and elementary programs. This overview provides some context for understanding how the Day 1 Academies Fund eventually defines the constructs of high quality, Montessori inspired, and underserved. This review also suggests it could be useful for the Fund's stakeholders to undertake short‐term research examining the current early education options of families with low incomes living in low‐access‐to‐Montessori states as well as long‐term research aimed at expanding the research base on the effects of Montessori programs aimed at preschoolers.
Measuring the distress related to delirium in older surgical patients and their relatives
Authors: Partridge Judith S.L. , Crichton Siobhan , Biswell Elizabeth , Harari Danielle , Martin Finbarr C. , Dhesi Jugdeep K. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesDelirium is a common postoperative complication with implications on morbidity and mortality. Less is known about the psychological impact of delirium in patients and relatives. This study aimed to

quantitatively describe distress related to postoperative delirium in older surgical patients and their relatives using the distress thermometer,
examine the association between degree of distress and features of delirium on the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS), and
examine the association between recall of delirium and features of delirium on the DRS.
MethodsThis prospective study recruited postoperative patients and their relatives following delirium. The distress thermometer was used to examine the degree of distress pertaining to delirium and was conducted during the hospitalization on resolution of delirium and then at 12‐month follow‐up. Associations between delirium‐related distress in patient and relative participants and severity and features of delirium (DRS) were examined.ResultsOne hundred two patients and 49 relatives were recruited. Median scores on the distress thermometer in patients who recalled delirium were 8/10. Relatives also showed distress (median distress thermometer score of 8/10). Associations were observed between severity and phenotypic features of delirium (delusions, labile affect, and agitation). Distress persisted at 12 months in patients and relatives.ConclusionDistress related to postoperative delirium can be measured using a distress thermometer. Alongside approaches to reduce delirium incidence, interventions to minimize distress from postoperative delirium should be sought. Such interventions should be developed through robust research and if effective administered to patients, relatives, or carers.
Transcriptional regulation of bovine elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6 in lipid metabolism and adipocyte proliferation
Authors: Junjvlieke Zainaguli , Mei Chu‐Gang , Khan Rajwali , Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Hong Jie‐Yun , Wang Li , Li Shi‐Jun , Zan Lin‐Sen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6) gene encodes a key enzyme that plays a role in lipogenesis through the catalytic elongation of both saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Previous studies have described the high expression of bovine ELOVL6 in adipose tissues. However, transcriptional regulation and the functional role of ELOVL6 in lipid metabolism and adipocyte proliferation remain unexplored. Here, a 1.5 kb fragment of the 5′‐untranslated region promoter region of ELOVL6 was amplified from the genomic DNA of Qinchuan cattle and sequenced. The core promoter region was identified through unidirectional 5′‐end deletion of the promoter plasmid vector. In silico analysis predicted important transcription factors that were then validated through site‐directed mutation and small interfering RNA interference with an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We found that the binding of KLF6 and PU.1 transcription factors occurred in the region −168/+69. Both perform a vital regulatory function in the transcription of bovine ELOVL6. Overexpression of ELOVL6 significantly upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), but inhibited the expression of fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4), while silencing of ELOVL6 negatively regulated the messenger RNA expression level of PPARγ, FABP4, ACSL, and FATP1. In addition, ELOVL6 promotes adipocyte proliferation by regulating the cell‐cycle genes' expression. Taken together, these findings provide useful information about the transcriptional regulation and functional mechanisms of bovine ELOVL6 in lipid metabolism and adipocyte proliferation in Qinchuan cattle.
Ovarian transcriptomic signatures of zebrafish females resistant to different environmental perturbations
Authors: Valdivieso Alejandro , Ribas Laia , Piferrer Francesc 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSex is remarkably plastic in fish and can be easily influenced by environmental cues, in which temperature has been the most studied abiotic factor. However, it has been shown that elevated population densities can increase the number of males in several species but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and whether general patterns exist. Here, we studied the long‐term effects of population density on the gene expression program in zebrafish gonads. The ovarian transcriptome of females exposed to high versus low population densities contained 4,634 differentially expressed genes. Among them, a set of promale genes (amh, sypc3, spata6, and sox3) were upregulated in the high‐population density group. Next, we compared the transcriptomes of ovaries of female zebrafish resistant to the masculinizing effects of either high density or elevated temperature. Results showed a set of 131 and 242 common upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively, including the upregulation of known male‐related genes (e.g., amh and sycp3) but also genes involved in other functions (e.g., faima, ccm21, and ankrd6b) and a downregulation of cyp19a1a together with other genes (e.g., lgals9l1 and ubxn2a). We identified the common Gene Ontology terms involved in the reproduction and sexual development that were consistently affected in both environmental factors. These results show that regardless of the environmental perturbation there are common genes and cellular functions involved in the resistance to masculinization. These altered gene‐expression profiles can be used as markers indicative of previous exposure to environmental stress independent of conspicuous alterations in sex ratios or gonadal morphology.
Limited applicability of cathepsin D for the diagnosis and monitoring of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kamarajah Sivesh K , Khoo Stanley , Chan Wah‐Kheong , Sthaneshwar Pavai , Nik Mustapha Nik Raihan , Mahadeva Sanjiv 
Published: April 2019

Background and AimTo date, there are limited data on the applicability of cathepsin D for the diagnosis and monitoring of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsThis study included patients with biopsy‐proven non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosed between November 2012 and October 2015. Serum cathepsin D levels were measured using the CatD enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (USCN Life Science, Wuhan, China) using stored samples collected on the same day of the liver biopsy procedure. The performance of cathepsin D in the diagnosis and monitoring of NASH was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsData for 216 liver biopsies and 34 healthy controls were analyzed. The mean cathepsin D level was not significantly different between NAFLD patients and controls; between NASH and non‐NASH patients; and across the different steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning grades. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of cathepsin D for the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH was 0.62 and 0.52, respectively. The AUROC of cathepsin D for the diagnosis of the different steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning grades ranged from 0.51 to 0.58. Of the 216 liver biopsies, 152 were paired liver biopsies from 76 patients who had a repeat liver biopsy after 48 weeks. There was no significant change in the cathepsin D level at follow‐up compared to baseline in patients who had histological improvement or worsening for steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning grades. Cathepsin D was poor for predicting improvement or worsening of steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning, with AUROC ranging from 0.47 to 0.54. It was fair for predicting worsening (AUROC 0.73) but poor for predicting improvement (AUROC 0.54) of lobular inflammation.ConclusionCathepsin D was a poor biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of NASH in our cohort of Asian patients, somewhat inconsistent with previous observations in Caucasian patients. Further studies in different cohorts are needed to verify our observation.
Seriously misleading results using inverse of Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation in meta‐analysis of single proportions
Authors: Schwarzer Guido , Chemaitelly Hiam , Abu‐Raddad Laith J. , Rücker Gerta 
Published: April 2019

Standard generic inverse variance methods for the combination of single proportions are based on transformed proportions using the logit, arcsine, and Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformations. Generalized linear mixed models are another more elaborate approach. Irrespective of the approach, meta‐analysis results are typically back‐transformed to the original scale in order to ease interpretation. Whereas the back‐transformation of meta‐analysis results is straightforward for most transformations, this is not the case for the Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation, albeit possible.In this case study with five studies, we demonstrate how seriously misleading the back‐transformation of the Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation can be. We conclude that this transformation should only be used with special caution for the meta‐analysis of single proportions due to potential problems with the back‐transformation. Generalized linear mixed models seem to be a promising alternative.
Defining and Measuring Moral Injury: Rationale, Design, and Preliminary Findings From the Moral Injury Outcome Scale Consortium
Authors: Yeterian Julie D. , Berke Danielle S. , Carney Jessica R. , McIntyre‐Smith Alexandra , St. Cyr Katherine , King Lisa , Kline Nora K. , Phelps Andrea , Litz Brett T. ,   Members of the Moral Injury Outcomes Project Consortium
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the current paper, we first describe the rationale for and methodology employed by an international research consortium, the Moral Injury Outcome Scale (MIOS) Consortium, the aim of which is to develop and validate a content‐valid measure of moral injury as a multidimensional outcome. The MIOS Consortium comprises researchers and clinicians who work with active duty military service members and veterans in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia, and Canada. We describe the multiphase psychometric development process being conducted by the Consortium, which will gather phenomenological data from service members, veterans, and clinicians to operationalize subdomains of impact and to generate content for a new measure of moral injury. Second, to illustrate the methodology being employed by the Consortium in the first phase of measure development, we present a small subset of preliminary results from semistructured interviews and questionnaires conducted with care providers (N = 26) at three of the 10 study sites. The themes derived from these initial preliminary clinician interviews suggest that exposure to potentially morally injurious events is associated with broad psychological/behavioral, social, and spiritual/existential impacts. The early findings also suggest that the outcomes associated with acts of commission or omission and events involving others’ transgressions may overlap. These results will be combined with data derived from other clinicians, service members, and veterans to generate the MIOS.
Kinetics of carbon steel dissolution in ammonium chloride solution containing sodium thiosulfate
Authors: Baranwal Prince Kumar , Rajaraman Prasanna Venkatesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe dissolution behavior of carbon steel in ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) solution containing sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) of various concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 M) was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and other nonelectrochemical techniques. The weight loss and polarization measurements indicate a significant increase in the NH4Cl corrosion rate of carbon steel on addition of Na2S2O3. The EIS measurements exhibited two capacitive loops at multiple direct current (dc) potentials for both the concentrations. Electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) and reaction mechanism analysis (RMA) were employed to analyze the impedance data. A four‐step mechanism with two intermediate adsorbate species of same charge was proposed to explain the dissolution behavior of carbon steel in the given system. The surface coverage values enumerated that the surface was entirely covered with adsorbed species unlike in the pure NH4Cl system. Charge transfer resistance and polarization resistance values estimated from RMA parameters indicate the increase in a dissolution rate with dc potential. The surface morphology was inspected via field emission scanning electron microscopy, and the corrosion products including surface state of carbon steel electrode were analyzed using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Ultraviolet Metasurfaces of ≈80% Efficiency with Antiferromagnetic Resonances for Optical Vectorial Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Huang Kun , Deng Jie , Leong Hai Sheng , Yap Sherry Lee Koon , Yang Ren Bin , Teng Jinghua , Liu Hong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces enable the full control of electromagnetic waves over a wide spectrum. High‐efficiency transmissive metasurfaces have been demonstrated up to the visible frequencies by using dielectrics. However, extending the operating spectrum to the ultraviolet range is challenging. This is due to the strong absorption in typical dielectric materials and the inexhaustive understanding of the magnetic resonances in dielectric nanostructures. Here, a large‐bandgap material—niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5)—is introduced to engineer the ultraviolet geometric meta‐holograms to achieve a total efficiency of 79.6% at 355 nm wavelength. The employed orientation‐varying nanobricks, operating as miniaturized half‐waveplates (HWPs), are elaborately designed to excite the antiferromagnetic modes that maintain Ex component of the incident light via even antiparallel magnetic dipoles (AMDs) but reverse Ey component via odd AMDs, thereby unveiling the underlying mechanism of dielectric nano‐HWPs. By adding the polarization degree of freedom, an ultra‐channel meta‐hologram, multiplexing two orthogonal spin channels while exhibiting three outputs, is demonstrated experimentally for ultraviolet vectorial anti‐counterfeiting. This work might open the door toward high‐performance ultraviolet nanophotonics and meta‐optics.