bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved gain-phase error self-calibration method for robust DOA estimation
Authors: Peng Wencan , Guo Chenjiang , Wang Min , Gao Yuteng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel online antenna array calibration method is presented in this paper for estimating direction-of-arrival (DOA) in the case of uncorrelated and coherent signals with unknown gain-phase errors. Conventional calibration methods mainly consider incoherent signals for uniform linear arrays with gain-phase errors. The proposed method has better performance not only for uncorrelated signals but also for coherent signals. First, an on-grid sparse technique based on the covariance fitting criteria is reformulated aiming at gain-phase errors to obtain DOA and the corresponding source power, which is robust to coherent sources. Second, the gain-phase errors are estimated in the case of uncorrelated and coherent signals via introducing an exchange matrix as the pre-processing of a covariance matrix and then decomposing the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix. Those parameters estimate values converge to the real values by an alternate iteration process. The proposed method does not require the presence of calibration sources and previous calibration information unlike offline ways. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method which outperforms the traditional approaches.
Violence Exposure and Support for State Use of Force in a Non-Democracy
Authors: Hou Yue , Quek Kai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHow do individuals respond to internal security threats in non-democracies? Does violence make individuals more supportive of a strong state? Are the effects of violence on individual attitudes uniform, or are they heterogeneous with respect to the identity of the perpetrators? We field an online survey experiment on a national sample of Chinese citizens, in which respondents were randomly selected to view reports on violent acts in China. We show that exposure to violence makes individuals more supportive of a strong state: respondents randomly exposed to violence are more likely to approve police use of lethal force, and this effect is particularly strong among the less wealthy Han Chinese. We also find suggestive evidence that individuals exhibit intergroup biases in their reaction to violence.
Increased Frequency of Extreme Tropical Deep Convection: AIRS Observations and Climate Model Predictions
Authors: Aumann Hartmut H. , Behrangi Ali , Wang Yuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAtmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data from the tropical oceans (30°N to 30°S) are used to derive the probability of the process resulting in deep convective clouds (DCCs) as function of the sea surface temperature (SST). For DCC at or below the tropopause the onset temperature of this process shifts at the same rate as the increase in the mean SST. For tropopause overshooting DCC, which are associated with extreme rain events, the shift of the onset temperature is slower, causing their frequency to increase by about 21%/K of warming of the oceans. This sensitivity is not inconsistent with the sensitivity of the increase of extreme deep convective rain in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 5 model for a warmer SST. The mean of the 36 fifth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models predicts a 2.7 K warmer tropical SST by the end of this century, resulting in a 60% increases in the frequency of tropopause overshooting DCC.
Statistical Distributions of Dayside ECH Waves Observed by MMS
Authors: Lou Yuequn , Gu Xudong , Summers Danny , Ni Binbin , Liu Kaijun , Fu Song , Xiang Zheng , Zou Zhengyang , Cao Xing , Zhang Wenxun , Huang He , He Ying 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStrong electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves on the dayside magnetosphere have been reported based on observations of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. In this study, we analyze high‐quality wave data from the four MMS satellites between 1 September 2015 and 30 August 2018 to investigate the statistical properties of dayside ECH emissions. The results show that dayside ECH waves are preferentially observed on the prenoon side in the outer magnetosphere (L = 8–12), with average wave amplitude Ew > 0.1 mV/m. In addition, besides the typical near‐equatorial (|MLAT| ≤ 15°) region, dayside ECH waves exhibit moderate occurrence rate and wave amplitude in higher latitudinal regions (i.e., 15 < |MLAT| ≤ 40°), possibly due to the off‐equatorial geomagnetic field minimum. Our reported double peaks of dayside ECH wave occurrence zone and considerable occurrence rates of prenoonside ECH waves suggest that dayside ECH waves can be a potentially important contributor to the formation of dayside diffuse aurora.
Estimating Transient Climate Response in a Large‐Ensemble Global Climate Model Simulation
Authors: Adams B. K. , Dessler A. E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe transient climate response (TCR), defined to be the warming in near‐surface air temperature after 70 years of a 1% per year increase in CO2, can be estimated from observed warming over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Such analyses yield lower values than TCR estimated from global climate models (GCMs). This disagreement has been used to suggest that GCMs' climate may be too sensitive to increases in CO2. Here we critically evaluate the methodology of the comparison using a large ensemble of a fully coupled GCM simulating the historical period, 1850–2005. We find that TCR estimated from model simulations of the historical period can be much lower than the model's true TCR, replicating the disagreement seen between observations and GCM estimates of TCR. This suggests that the disagreement could be explained entirely by the methodology of the comparison and undercuts the suggestions that GCMs overestimate TCR.
What Caused the Accelerated Sea Level Changes Along the U.S. East Coast During 2010–2015?
Authors: Domingues Ricardo , Goni Gustavo , Baringer Molly , Volkov Denis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAccelerated sea level rise was observed along the U.S. eastern seaboard south of Cape Hatteras during 2010–2015 with rates 5 times larger than the global average for the same time period. Simultaneously, sea levels decreased rapidly north of Cape Hatteras. In this study, we show that accelerated sea level rise recorded between Key West and Cape Hatteras was predominantly caused by a ~1 °C (0.2 °C/year) warming of the Florida Current during 2010–2015 that was linked to large‐scale changes in the Atlantic Warm Pool. We also show that sea level decline north of Cape Hatteras was caused by an increase in atmospheric pressure combined with shifting wind patterns, with a small contribution from cooling of the water column over the continental shelf. Results presented here emphasize that planning and adaptation efforts may benefit from a more thorough assessment of sea level changes induced by regional processes.
Electrical Structure of the Lithosphere From Rio de la Plata Craton to Paraná Basin: Amalgamation of Cratonic and Refertilized Lithospheres in SW Gondwanaland
Authors: Bologna M. S. , Dragone G. N. , Muzio R. , Peel E. , Nuñez‐Demarco P. , Ussami N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe conducted a magnetotelluric (MT) study from Paleoproterozoic Rio de la Plata Craton, in Uruguay, toward Paleozoic‐Mesozoic Paraná Basin, in Brazil. The 850‐km‐long MT transect comprises 35 evenly spaced broadband electromagnetic soundings sites. In the Paraná Basin, 11 additional long‐period measurements were acquired to extend the maximum depth of investigation. All data were inverted using two‐ and three‐dimensional approaches obtaining the electrical resistivity structure from the surface down to 200 km. The Rio de la Plata Craton is >200‐km thick and resistive (~2,000 Ωm). Its northern limit is electrically defined by a lithosphere scale lateral transition and lower crust conductive anomalies (1–10 Ωm) interpreted as a Paleoproterozoic suture at the southern edge of Rivera‐Taquarembó Block. The latter is characterized by an approximately 100‐km thick and moderate resistive (>500 Ωm) upper mantle. The Ibaré shear zone is another suture where an ocean‐ocean subduction generated the 120‐km thick and resistive (>1,000 Ωm) São Gabriel juvenile arc. Proceeding northward, a 70‐ to 80‐km thick, 150‐km wide, and inclined resistive zone is imaged. This zone could be remnant of an oceanic lithosphere or island arcs accreted at the southern border of Paraná Basin. The MT transect terminates within the southern Paraná Basin where a 150‐ to 200‐km‐thick less resistive lithosphere (<1,000 Ωm) may indicate refertilization processes during plate subduction and ocean closure in Neoproterozoic‐Cambrian time. Our MT data support a tectonic model of NNE–SSW convergence for this segment of SW Gondwanaland.
Enabling thin-film transistor technologies and the device metrics that matter
Authors: Paterson Alexandra F. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe field-effect transistor kickstarted the digital revolution that propelled our society into the information age. One member of the now large family of field-effect devices is the thin-film transistor (TFT), best known for its enabling role in modern flat-panel displays. TFTs can be used in all sorts of innovative applications because of the broad variety of materials they can be made from, which give them diverse electrical and mechanical characteristics. To successfully utilize TFT technologies in a variety of rapidly emerging applications, such as flexible, stretchable and transparent large-area microelectronics, there are a number of metrics that matter.
Aligning academia and industry for unified battery performance metrics
Authors: Lin Zhan , Liu Tiefeng , Ai Xinping , Liang Chengdu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExceptional performance reported for battery materials and devices in the scientific literature is often measured under conditions that are not aligned with practical applications. Aiming to bridge the gap between academia and industry, this Comment advocates the best practices for gauging performance and proposes guidelines on measurements with respect to a list of key metrics such as capacity, cyclability, Coulombic efficiency and electrolyte consumption.
Modeling genome-wide enzyme evolution predicts strong epistasis underlying catalytic turnover rates
Authors: Heckmann David , Zielinski Daniel C. , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSystems biology describes cellular phenotypes as properties that emerge from the complex interactions of individual system components. Little is known about how these interactions have affected the evolution of metabolic enzymes. Here, we combine genome-scale metabolic modeling with population genetics models to simulate the evolution of enzyme turnover numbers (kcats) from a theoretical ancestor with inefficient enzymes. This systems view of biochemical evolution reveals strong epistatic interactions between metabolic genes that shape evolutionary trajectories and influence the magnitude of evolved kcats. Diminishing returns epistasis prevents enzymes from developing higher kcats in all reactions and keeps the organism far from the potential fitness optimum. Multifunctional enzymes cause synergistic epistasis that slows down adaptation. The resulting fitness landscape allows kcat evolution to be convergent. Predicted kcat parameters show a significant correlation with experimental data, validating our modeling approach. Our analysis reveals how evolutionary forces shape modern kcats and the whole of metabolism.
Molecular Russian dolls
Authors: Cai Kang , Lipke Mark C. , Liu Zhichang , Nelson Jordan , Cheng Tao , Shi Yi , Cheng Chuyang , Shen Dengke , Han Ji-Min , Vemuri Suneal , Feng Yuanning , Stern Charlotte L. , Goddard William A. , Wasielewski Michael R. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe host-guest recognition between two macrocycles to form hierarchical non-intertwined ring-in-ring assemblies remains an interesting and challenging target in noncovalent synthesis. Herein, we report the design and characterization of a box-in-box assembly on the basis of host-guest radical-pairing interactions between two rigid diradical dicationic cyclophanes. One striking feature of the box-in-box complex is its ability to host various 1,4-disubstituted benzene derivatives inside as a third component in the cavity of the smaller of the two diradical dicationic cyclophanes to produce hierarchical Russian doll like assemblies. These results highlight the utility of matching the dimensions of two different cyclophanes as an efficient approach for developing new hybrid supramolecular assemblies with radical-paired ring-in-ring complexes and smaller neutral guest molecules.
GWAS identifies 14 loci for device-measured physical activity and sleep duration
Authors: Doherty Aiden , Smith-Byrne Karl , Ferreira Teresa , Holmes Michael V. , Holmes Chris , Pulit Sara L. , Lindgren Cecilia M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhysical activity and sleep duration are established risk factors for many diseases, but their aetiology is poorly understood, partly due to relying on self-reported evidence. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of device-measured physical activity and sleep duration in 91,105 UK Biobank participants, finding 14 significant loci (7 novel). These loci account for 0.06% of activity and 0.39% of sleep duration variation. Genome-wide estimates of ~ 15% phenotypic variation indicate high polygenicity. Heritability is higher in women than men for overall activity (23 vs. 20%, p = 1.5 × 10−4) and sedentary behaviours (18 vs. 15%, p = 9.7 × 10−4). Heritability partitioning, enrichment and pathway analyses indicate the central nervous system plays a role in activity behaviours. Two-sample Mendelian randomisation suggests that increased activity might causally lower diastolic blood pressure (beta mmHg/SD: −0.91, SE = 0.18, p = 8.2 × 10−7), and odds of hypertension (Odds ratio/SD: 0.84, SE = 0.03, p = 4.9 × 10−8). Our results advocate the value of physical activity for reducing blood pressure.
A framework for the development of effective anti-metastatic agents
Authors: Anderson Robin L. , Balasas Theo , Callaghan Juliana , Coombes R. Charles , Evans Jeff , Hall Jacqueline A. , Kinrade Sally , Jones David , Jones Paul S. , Jones Rob , Marshall John F. , Panico Maria Beatrice , Shaw Jacqui A. , Steeg Patricia S. , Sullivan Mark , Tong Warwick , Westwell Andrew D. , Ritchie James W. A. ,   on behalf of the Cancer Research UK and Cancer Therapeutics CRC Australia Metastasis Working Group
Published: December 2018

AbstractMost cancer-related deaths are a result of metastasis, and thus the importance of this process as a target of therapy cannot be understated. By asking ‘how can we effectively treat cancer?’, we do not capture the complexity of a disease encompassing >200 different cancer types — many consisting of multiple subtypes — with considerable intratumoural heterogeneity, which can result in variable responses to a specific therapy. Moreover, we have much less information on the pathophysiological characteristics of metastases than is available for the primary tumour. Most disseminated tumour cells that arrive in distant tissues, surrounded by unfamiliar cells and a foreign microenvironment, are likely to die; however, those that survive can generate metastatic tumours with a markedly different biology from that of the primary tumour. To treat metastasis effectively, we must inhibit fundamental metastatic processes and develop specific preclinical and clinical strategies that do not rely on primary tumour responses. To address this crucial issue, Cancer Research UK and Cancer Therapeutics CRC Australia formed a Metastasis Working Group with representatives from not-for-profit, academic, government, industry and regulatory bodies in order to develop recommendations on how to tackle the challenges associated with treating (micro)metastatic disease. Herein, we describe the challenges identified as well as the proposed approaches for discovering and developing anticancer agents designed specifically to prevent or delay the metastatic outgrowth of cancer.
The small RNA RssR regulates myo-inositol degradation by Salmonella enterica
Authors: Kröger Carsten , Rothhardt Johannes E. , Brokatzky Dominik , Felsl Angela , Kary Stefani C. , Heermann Ralf , Fuchs Thilo M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSmall noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) with putative regulatory functions in gene expression have been identified in the enteropathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Two sRNAs are encoded by the genomic island GEI4417/4436 responsible for myo-inositol (MI) degradation, suggesting a role in the regulation of this metabolic pathway. We show that a lack of the sRNA STnc2160, termed RssR, results in a severe growth defect in minimal medium (MM) with MI. In contrast, the second sRNA STnc1740 was induced in the presence of glucose, and its overexpression slightly attenuated growth in the presence of MI. Constitutive expression of RssR led to an increased stability of the reiD mRNA, which encodes an activator of iol genes involved in MI utilization, via interaction with its 5′-UTR. SsrB, a response regulator contributing to the virulence properties of salmonellae, activated rssR transcription by binding the sRNA promoter. In addition, the absence of the RNA chaperone Hfq resulted in strongly decreased levels of RssR, attenuated S. Typhimurium growth with MI, and reduced expression of several iol genes required for MI degradation. Considered together, the extrinsic RssR allows fine regulation of cellular ReiD levels and thus of MI degradation by acting on the reiD mRNA stability.
Voxelwise-based Brain Function Network using Multi-Graph Model
Authors: Wang Zhongyang , Xin Junchang , Wang Xinlei , Wang Zhiqiong , Zhao Yue , Qian Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the research of the fMRI based brain functional network, the pairwise correlation between vertices usually means the similarity between BOLD signals. Our analysis found that the low (0:01–0:06 Hz), intermediate (0:06–0:15 Hz), and high (0:15–0:2 Hz) bands of the BOLD signal are not synchronous. Therefore, this paper presents a voxelwise based multi-frequency band brain functional network model, called Multi-graph brain functional network. First, our analysis found the low-frequency information on the BOLD signal of the brain functional network obscures the other information because of its high intensity. Then, a low-, intermediate-, and high-band brain functional networks were constructed by dividing the BOLD signals. After that, using complex network analysis, we found that different frequency bands have different properties; the modulation in low-frequency is higher than that of the intermediate and high frequency. The power distributions of different frequency bands were also significantly different, and the ‘hub’ vertices under all frequency bands are evenly distributed. Compared to a full-frequency network, the multi-graph model enhances the accuracy of the classification of Alzheimer’s disease.
Co-existence of multiple bacterivorous clevelandellid ciliate species in hindgut of wood-feeding cockroaches in light of their prokaryotic consortium
Authors: Vďačný Peter , Érseková Emese , Šoltys Katarína , Budiš Jaroslav , Pecina Lukáš , Rurik Ivan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe hindgut of wood-feeding Panesthia cockroaches harbours a diverse microbial community, whose most morphologically prominent members are bacterivorous clevelandellid ciliates. Co-occurrence and correlation patterns of prokaryotes associated with these endosymbiotic ciliates were investigated. Multidimensional scaling based on taxa interaction-adjusted index showed a very clear separation of the hindgut ciliate samples from the ciliate-free hindgut samples. This division was corroborated also by SparCC analysis which revealed strong negative associations between prokaryotic taxa that were relatively more abundant in the ciliate-free hindgut samples and prokaryotic taxa that were more abundant in the ciliate samples. This very likely reflects the grazing behaviour of hindgut ciliates which prefer Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, causing their abundances to be increased in the ciliate samples at the expense of abundances of Euryarchaeota and Bacteroidetes which prevail in the hindgut content. Ciliate species do not distinctly differ in the associated prokaryotes, indicating that minute variations in the proportion of associated bacteria might be sufficient to avoid competition between bacterivorous ciliate species and hence enable their co-occurrence in the same host. The nearest free-living relatives of hindgut ciliates have a different pattern of associations with prokaryotes, i.e., alphaproteobacteria are predominantly associated with free-living ciliates while gammaproteobacteria with hindgut ciliates.
Multiple animal positioning system shows that socially-reared mice influence the social proximity of isolation-reared cagemates
Authors: Endo Nozomi , Ujita Waka , Fujiwara Masaya , Miyauchi Hideaki , Mishima Hiroyuki , Makino Yusuke , Hashimoto Lisa , Oyama Hiroshi , Makinodan Manabu , Nishi Mayumi , Tohyama Chiharu , Kakeyama Masaki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSocial relationships are a key determinant of social behaviour, and disruption of social behaviour is a major symptom of several psychiatric disorders. However, few studies have analysed social relationships among multiple individuals in a group or how social relationships within a group influence the behaviour of members with impaired socialisation. Here, we developed a video-analysis-based system, the Multiple-Animal Positioning System (MAPS), to automatically and separately analyse the social behaviour of multiple individuals in group housing. Using MAPS, we show that social isolation of male mice during adolescence leads to impaired social proximity in adulthood. The phenotype of these socially isolated mice was partially rescued by cohabitation with group-housed (socially-reared) mice, indicating that both individual behavioural traits and those of cagemates influence social proximity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that low reactive behaviour of other cagemates also influence individual social proximity in male mice.
Decline of coastal apex shark populations over the past half century
Authors: Roff George , Brown Christopher J. , Priest Mark A. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOverexploitation of large apex marine predators is widespread in the world’s oceans, yet the timing and extent of declines are poorly understood. Here we reconstruct a unique fisheries-independent dataset from a shark control programme spanning 1760 km of the Australian coastline over the past 55 years. We report substantial declines (74–92%) of catch per unit effort of hammerhead (Sphyrnidae), whaler (Carcharhinidae), tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) and white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). Following onset of the program in the 1960s, catch rates in new installations in subsequent decades occurred at a substantially lower rate, indicating regional depletion of shark populations over the past half a century. Concurrent declines in body size and the probability of encountering mature individuals suggests that apex shark populations are more vulnerable to exploitation than previously thought. Ongoing declines and lack of recovery of vulnerable and protected shark species are a cause for concern.