bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between motor abilities and quality of life in children with severe multiple disabilities
Authors: Mensch S. M. , Echteld M. A. , Lemmens R. , Oppewal A. , Evenhuis H. M. , Rameckers E. A. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the relationship between motor abilities and quality of life in children with severe multiple disabilities.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, motor abilities of 29 children (mean age 9.8 years; 45% girls) with severe multiple disabilities [IQ < 25; Gross Motor Function Motor Classification System level V] were measured with the MOtor eVAluation in Kids with Intellectual and Complex disabilities (Movakic) questionnaire (completed by the child's physical therapist). Quality of life was measured with the Quality of Life‐Profound Multiple Disabilities (QoL‐PMD) questionnaire (completed by the child's parents).ResultsA significantly moderate to high correlation was found between the total scores on the Movakic and the QoL‐PMD (r = 0.40, P = 0.03), indicating that higher scores in motor abilities are associated with a higher level of quality of life. Furthermore, significantly moderate to high correlations were found between the total score on the Movakic and the dimension Physical Well‐Being, Development and Activities of the Qol‐PMD. In multiple linear regression models, all significant bivariate relationships between the Movakic total scores and QoL‐PMD dimensions remained significant after controlling for the Gross Motor Function Motor Classification System level.ConclusionsIn these children with severe multiple disabilities, motor abilities (as measured by Movakic) are moderately related to quality of life (as measured by the QoL‐PMD).
Histological analysis of 41 dentigerous cysts in a paediatric population
Authors: Huang Gwendolyn , Moore Lynette , Logan Richard M. , Gue Sumant 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundDentigerous cysts are usually of developmental nature but may be of inflammatory origin especially in paediatric populations. It is important to understand the histological features of dentigerous cysts to enable accurate diagnosis. The aim of this study is to present epidemiological, clinical features and histopathological features of dentigerous cysts seen in a paediatric tertiary referral hospital.MethodThe medical, radiographic and histopathology records of the Department of Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, during January 1998 to December 2013 were reviewed for patients with dentigerous cysts. All cases were re‐examined by a specialist oral pathologist, consultant paediatric pathologist and paediatric dentistry registrar.ResultsForty‐one cases of dentigerous cysts were found. Patients in the permanent dentition were most frequently affected. Male predilection was observed (male:female 2.42:1). The posterior mandible was the most frequently affected region (63.42%) although maxillary canines were the teeth most commonly associated with dentigerous cysts (29.27%). The majority of cases were incidental findings. Squamous epithelium showing pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (46%) was frequently observed and was significantly present with thicker epithelium (P < 0.0001) and an acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.001). Inflammatory infiltrate was seen in 75.6% of cases.ConclusionsThe current study provides increased knowledge of the histological features of dentigerous cysts in a large retrospective series of paediatric patients and provides further evidence regarding the frequency of inflammatory dentigerous cysts.
Determining the anatomical origin of canine hepatic masses by CT
Authors: Lamb C. R. , Steel R. , Lipscomb V. J. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo identify CT features of canine hepatic masses that could be used to determine their divisional or lobar origin.Materials and MethodsPreoperative, postcontrast CT images of 57 surgically resected hepatic masses were reviewed with respect to their size, position relative to the midline, gallbladder and portal vein, nearest recognisable hepatic lobar vein or portal vein and point of contact with the diaphragm and displacement of adjacent organs.ResultsThe most prevalent histological diagnoses were hepatocellular carcinoma (n=26; 46%) and adenoma (n=10; 18%). Based on surgical assessment, it was observed that masses originated in the left hepatic division in 30 (53%) instances, central division in seven (12%) and right division in 20 (35%). All masses to the left of midline were left divisional, but only 18/30 (60%) masses to the right of midline were right divisional. Most (26/31; 84%) masses to the left of the gallbladder were left divisional and 84% (16/19) masses to the right of the gallbladder were right divisional. Half (10/20; 50%) of the right‐divisional masses were medial, lateral or dorsal to the portal vein, but all other hepatic masses were ventral to the portal vein. A hepatic lobar vein or portal vein branch adjacent to the mass was observed in 53 (93%) instances; this feature correlated with surgical assessment of the affected division in 53 (93%) hepatic masses and the affected lobe in 32 (56%).Clinical SignificanceCombining CT features of hepatic masses appears to be an accurate method for determining their divisional or lobar origin.
Demographic inference in barn swallows using whole‐genome data shows signal for bottleneck and subspecies differentiation during the Holocene
Authors: Smith Chris C. R. , Flaxman Samuel M. , Scordato Elizabeth S. C. , Kane Nolan C. , Hund Amanda K. , Sheta Basma M. , Safran Rebecca J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAccounting for historical demographic features is vital for many types of evolutionary inferences, including the estimation of divergence times between closely related populations. In barn swallow,Hirundo rustica, inferring historical population sizes and subspecies divergence times can shed light on the recent co‐evolution of this species with humans. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent uncovered population growth beginning on the order of one million years ago—which may reflect the radiation of the broaderHirundogenus—and a more recent population decline. Additionally, we used approximate Bayesian computation to evaluate hypotheses about recent timescale barn swallow demography, including population growth due to human commensalism, and a potential founder event associated with the onset of nesting on human structures. We found signal for a bottleneck event approximately 7,700 years ago, near the time that humans began building substantial structures, although there was considerable uncertainty associated with this estimate. Subspecies differentiation and subsequent growth occurred after the bottleneck in the best‐supported model, an order of magnitude more recently than previous estimates in this system. We also compared results obtained from whole‐genome sequencing versus reduced representation sequencing, finding many similar results despite substantial allelic dropout in the reduced representation data, which may have affected estimates of some parameters. This study presents the first genetic evidence of a potential barn swallow founder effect and subspecies divergence coinciding with the Holocene, which is an important step in analysing the biogeographical history of a well‐known human commensal species.
Loss of receptor interacting protein kinases 3 and caspase‐8 augments intrinsic apoptosis in tubular epithelial cell and promote kidney ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Sung Baekjun , Su Ye , Jiang Jifu , Mcleod Patrick , Liu Weihua , Haig Aaron , Green Douglas R , Zhang Zhu‐Xu , Jevnikar Anthony M 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundIschaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with programmed cell death that promotes inflammation and organ dysfunction. Necroptosis is mediated by members of receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK1/3). Inhibition of RIPK1/3 provides a pro‐survival benefit in kidney IRI. Caspase‐8 initiates apoptosis and contributes to IRI. We studied whether inhibiting both RIPK3 and caspase‐8 would provide an additional benefit in kidney IRI.MethodsA clamp was applied to the left kidney pedicle for 45 min followed by right kidney nephrectomy. Kidney and serum from wild type, RIPK3−/−, and RIPK3−/− caspase‐8−/− double knockout (DKO) mice were collected post‐IRI for assessment of injury. Tubular epithelial cells (TEC) isolated from wild type, RIPK3−/−, and DKO mice were treated with interferons‐γ and interleukin‐1β to induce apoptotic death.ResultsKidney IRI of DKO mice did not show improvement over RIPK3−/− mice. We have found that DKO triggered ‘intrinsic’ apoptosis in TEC in response to interleukin‐1β and interferons‐γ. Up‐regulation of the B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2)‐associated death promoter, the Bcl‐2‐homologous antagonist killer and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein and enhanced activation of caspase‐3 and 9 were found in DKO TEC. TEC infected with Murine cytomegalovirus that encodes multiple cell death inhibitors resist to death.ConclusionWe show that the deletion of both RIPK3 and caspase‐8 does not provide additive benefit in IRI or TEC death and may enhance injury by up‐regulation of intrinsic apoptosis. This suggests blocking multiple death pathways may be required for the prevention of kidney IRI clinically.
Nursing professionalization and welfare state policies: A critical review of structural factors influencing the development of nursing and the nursing workforce
Authors: Gunn Virginia , Muntaner Carles , Villeneuve Michael , Chung Haejoo , Gea‐Sanchez Montserrat 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNursing professionalization is both ongoing and global, being significant not only for the nursing workforce but also for patients and healthcare systems. For this reason, it is important to have an in‐depth understanding of this process and the factors that could affect it. This literature review utilizes a welfare state approach to examine macrolevel structural determinants of nursing professionalization, addressing a previously identified gap in this literature, and synthesizes research on the relevance of studying nursing professionalization. The use of a welfare state framework facilitates the understanding that the wider social, economic, and political system exercises significant power over the distribution of resources in a society, providing a glimpse into the complex politics of health and health care. The findings shed light on structural factors outside of nursing, such as country‐level education, health, labor market, and gender policies that could impact the process of professionalization and thus could be utilized to strengthen nursing through facilitating increased professionalization levels. Addressing gender inequalities and other structural determinants of nursing professionalization could contribute to achieving health equity and could benefit health systems through enhanced availability, skill‐level, and sustainability of nursing human resources, improved and efficient access to care, improved patient outcomes, and cost savings.
Aspects in Dual‐Aspect Monism and Panpsychism: A Rejoinder to Benovsky
Authors: Bihan Baptiste Le 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeutral monism aims at solving the hard problem of consciousness by positing entities that are neither mental nor physical. Benovsky has recently argued for the slightly different account that, rather than being neutral, natural entities are both mental and physical by having different aspects, and then argued in favour of an anti‐realist interpretation of those aspects. In this essay, operating under the assumption of dual‐aspect monism, I argue to the contrary in favour of a realist interpretation of these aspects by showing that the anti‐realist interpretation collapses into neutral monism and that the realist interpretation is an interesting alternative. I close with a discussion of the realist interpretation of the aspects and its relation with panpsychism.
Emotion Dysregulation and Military Suicidality Since 2001: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Stanley Elizabeth A. , Larsen Kelsey L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolicy makers and researchers have worked to explain the perplexing rise in U.S. military suicides since 2001, with little progress in explaining this widespread phenomenon. This article synthesizes several literatures to highlight the role of emotion dysregulation in military suicidality. After considering advances in suicidal ideation‐to‐action frameworks and the factors that contribute to the prevalence of emotion dysregulation in the modern U.S. military, it explores how military service provides for two distinct circumstances in which such emotion dysregulation may facilitate the transition from suicidal ideation to behavior. The first circumstance is high distress tolerance, wherein the effects of disproportionately high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among service‐members may increase vulnerability to suicidal behavior. The second circumstance is preexisting acquired capability with lethal means paired with executive functioning degradation. Empirically associated with military environments, such degradation may undermine the effectiveness of top‐down emotion regulation strategies—thereby allowing acquired familiarity with lethal means to assist the transition from suicidal ideation to action. Thus, emotion dysregulation’s unique relationship with the U.S. military may help to explain the powerful correlation between service and suicide since 2001—suggesting that enhancing emotion regulation skills may present a key leverage point for effectively addressing the issue.
Residential Location and Psychological Distance in Americans’ Risk Views and Behavioral Intentions Regarding Zika Virus
Authors: Johnson Branden B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo 2017 experiments with a U.S. national opportunity sample tested effects of location, psychological distance (PD), and exposure to location‐related information on Americans’ Zika risk views and behavioral intentions. Location—distance from mosquito transmission of the virus in Florida and Texas; residence within states with 100+ Zika infections; residence within potential mosquito vector ranges—had small, inconsistent effects. Hazard proximity weakly enhanced personal risk judgments and concern about Zika transmission locally. It also increased psychological proximity, and intentions of mosquito control, avoiding travel to Zika‐infected areas, and practicing safe sex. PD—particularly social and geographical distance, followed by temporal distance, with few effects for uncertainty—modestly and inconsistently decreased risk views and intentions. Exposure to location‐related information from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website—naming states with 100+ Zika cases; maps of potential mosquito vector habitat—increased risk views and psychological closeness, but not intentions; maps had slightly stronger if inconsistent effects versus prevalence information. Structural equation modeling (SEM) of a location > PD > risk views > intention path explained modest variance in intentions. This varied in degree and kind (e.g., which location measures were significant) across behaviors, and between pre‐ and postinformation exposure analyses. These results suggest need for both theoretical and measurement advances regarding effects of location and PD on risk views and behavior. PD mediates location effects on risk views. Online background information, like that used here, will not enhance protective behavior without explicitly focused communication and perhaps higher objective risk.
Recovery from acute lung injury can be regulated via modulation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells
Authors: Wang Linlin , Wang Xiaocen , Tong Lin , Wang Jian , Dou Maosen , Ji Shimeng , Bi Jing , Chen Cuicui , Yang Dong , He Hong , Bai Chunxue , Zhou Jian , Song Yuanlin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory disease, for which no specific treatment exists. The decreased ratio of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3 Tregs) and Th17 cells is implicated in ALI and inflammation. We here investigated whether maintaining the balance of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs and Th17 cells can alleviate lung injury. For CD4+CD25+FoxP3 Treg depletion, 200 μg of an anti‐CD25 antibody was administered intraperitoneally per mouse on days −3 and −1 before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. And 150 μg of TGF‐β was administered intraperitoneally per mouse on day 0 after LPS instillation. To down‐regulate of Th17 cells, 200 μg per mouse of isotype, IL‐17 or IL‐22 antibodies were injected intraperitoneally into mice at days 0 after LPS instillation. We detected lung morphology; lung wet‐to‐dry weight ratio; protein concentration, the count of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages, and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). And we also evaluated the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs in lung, and Th17 cells in lung. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs depletion via anti‐CD25 treatment or TGF‐β neutralization delayed recovery of ALI. The prolonged inflammation was mainly dominated by neutrophils, macrophages and Th17 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of Th17 cells via monoclonal antibodies against IL‐17 and IL‐22 alleviated ALI inflammation by inhibiting the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, increasing the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs. Our findings support a critical role for CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs in regulating from ALI pathophysiology, and a potential therapeutic role for the inhibition of Th17 cells in ALI treatment. These findings provide a rationale for treating patients with ALI by modulating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs and Th17 cells.
An evaluation of veterinary allergen extract content and resultant canine intradermal threshold concentrations
Authors: Abrams Stephanie B. , Brock Guy N. , Palettas Marilly , Bolner Michelle L. , Moore‐Sowers Tricia , Plunkett Greg A. , Cole Lynette K. , Diaz Sandra F. , Lorch Gwendolen 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundLimited information is available for dogs on threshold concentrations (TCs), and the protein composition of common allergenic extracts produced by different manufacturers.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo characterize the protein heterogeneity of tree, grass, weed and mite allergens from different lots of allergenic extracts, and to determine intradermal TCs for healthy dogs using extracts from two manufacturers.AnimalsTwenty five privately owned, clinically healthy dogs and ten purpose‐bred beagle dogs.Methods and materialsProtein concentration and heterogeneity of 11 allergens from two manufacturers were evaluated using a Bradford‐style assay and SDS‐PAGE. Intradermal testing was performed with 11 allergens from each company at four dilutions. Immediate reactions were subjectively scored (0 to 4+), and objectively measured (mm) and their percentage concordance evaluated. Model‐based TCs were determined by fitting positive reactions (≥2+) at 15 min to generalized estimating equations.ResultsAllergen extract protein quantity and composition varied within and between manufacturers despite sharing the same PNU/mL values. Model‐based TCs of one weed, five trees, two grasses and a house dust mite were determined for extracts from Manufacturer 1 (M1), and for extracts of three weeds, three trees and two grasses from Manufacturer 2 (M2). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses determined a percentage concordance of the objective and subjective measurements of 77.3% for M1 and 75% for M2 allergens.Conclusions and clinical importanceVeterinary allergen extracts labelled as the same species and PNU/mL are not standardized; they show heterogeneity in composition and potency within and between manufacturers. Variability in extract content may require adjustment of intradermal testing concentrations.
Investigating the Effect of Soil Type and Moisture on the Performance of a Ground Source Heat Pump System Used for a Greenhouse in Iran
Authors: Bigdelou Pedram , Pourfayaz Fathollah , Noorollahi Younes 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We investigate the effect of soil type and moisture on the operation of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system in supplying the energy needs of a greenhouse in Karaj, Alborz province, Iran, in terms of the required length of ground heat exchanger, the working hours, the electricity consumption, as well as the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pumps. In order to predict the capacity of heat pumps, we use the numerical heat transfer model of Noorollahi et al. (2016, “Numerical Modeling and Economic Analysis of a Ground Source Heat Pump for Supplying Energy for a Greenhouse in Alborz Province, Iran,” J. Cleaner Prod., 131, pp. 145–154) in which the governing equations of heat transfer in the ground heat exchanger are numerically solved through a novel finite difference method. Thermal properties of various soil types, namely sandy soil, sand, silty loam, and silty clay, with three different levels of moisture content referred to as dry, damp, and saturated, are considered as the main inputs for the computer code. The simulations indicate that when moisture is increased from dampness to saturation, the annual working hours of heat pumps decrease by 1.1%, 5.1%, 6.1%, and 4.6%, and their annual electricity consumption is reduced by 2.2%, 10.6%, 12.6%, and 9.7% for sandy soil, sand, silty loam, and silty clay, respectively. Moreover, the average COP of heat pumps increase by 0.9%, 4.0%, 5.2%, and 3.7% in heating mode and 2.4%, 13.0%, 16.5%, and 11.7% in cooling mode for the mentioned soils, respectively.
Thermal
Optimization Analysis and Performance Enhancement of Sequential Bundle of Vortex Tubes for Drilling
Engineering Cooling Process
Authors: Bazgir Adib 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The vortex tube is a mechanical device with no moving parts that can separate a compressed gas into a hot and a cold stream. Pressurized gas is injected tangentially into a swirl chamber and accelerated to a high rate of rotation. This gas motion creates a cold core and a hot shell. In certain engineering applications such as gas drilling, the use of a high flow-rate air with high pressure and low temperature can improve process efficiency. In these applications, demand for the cold air stream as high as 40 kg/s is not uncommon. In this paper, the use of a vortex tube bundle for generating this large flow-rate of the cold air stream is proposed and evaluated, using numerical simulations. A single commercially available vortex tube can only produce a cold air stream up to 0.008 kg/s. Thus, it will take 5000 such vortex tubes to reach the required flow rate of 40 kg/s. Space limitation, as well as assembly difficulty, makes such an approach unrealistic. The objective of this work is to design a custom-made vortex tube so that a minimum number of such tubes can be used to meet the performance requirement posted by these applications. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to analyze the flow field, temperature field, and pressure field, and to optimize the vortex tube parameters so that a specific set of desired output can be achieved to meet the application requirements.