bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing the understanding of energy-energy correlators in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Barata João , Caucal Paul , Soto-Ontoso Alba , Szafron Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the collinear limit of the energy-energy correlator (EEC) in a heavy-ion context. First, we revisit the leading-logarithmic (LL) resummation of this observable in vacuum following a diagrammatic approach. We argue that this route allows to naturally incorporate medium-induced effects into the all-orders structure systematically. As an example, we show how the phase-space constraints imposed by the static medium on vacuum-like emissions can be incorporated into the LL result by modifying the anomalous dimensions. On the fixed-order side, we calculate the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αs) expansion of the in-medium EEC for a γ → $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

splitting with arbitrary kinematics including, for the first time, subleading colour corrections. When comparing this result to previously used approximations in the literature, we find up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) deviations in the regime of interest for jet quenching signatures. Energy loss effects are also quantified and further suppress the EEC at large angles. These semi-analytic studies are complemented with a phenomenological study using the jet quenching Monte Carlo JetMed. Finally, we argue that the imprint of medium-induced effects in energy-energy correlators can be enhanced by using an alternative definition that takes as input Lund primary declusterings instead of particles.
Impurities with a cusp: general theory and 3d Ising
Authors: Cuomo Gabriel , He Yin-Chen , Komargodski Zohar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In CFTs, the partition function of a line defect with a cusp depends logarithmically on the size of the line with an angle-dependent coefficient: the cusp anomalous dimension. In the first part of this work, we study the general properties of the cusp anomalous dimension. We relate the small cusp angle limit to the effective field theory of defect fusion, making predictions for the first couple of terms in the expansion. Using a concavity property of the cusp anomalous dimension we argue that the Casimir energy between a line defect and its orientation reversal is always negative (“opposites attract”). We use these results to determine the fusion algebra of Wilson lines in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM as well as pinning field defects in the Wilson-Fisher fixed points. In the second part of the paper we obtain nonperturbative numerical results for the cusp anomalous dimension of pinning field defects in the Ising model in d = 3, using the recently developed fuzzy-sphere regularization. We also compute the pinning field cusp anomalous dimension in the O(N) model at one-loop in the ε-expansion. Our results are in agreement with the general theory developed in the first part of the work, and we make several predictions for impurities in magnets.
Estimating the prevalence of child labour in the cocoa industry via indirect elicitation methods: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Lepine Aurelia , N’Djore Yah Ariane Bernadette , Treibich Carole , Cust Henry , Foubert Laurent , Passey Megan , Binder Selina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractData from children suggest that the prevalence of child labour in the cocoa industry in Côte d’Ivoire is a worrying 38%. However, while surveying children has the potential to reduce sensitivity biases such as social desirability bias, it presents significant ethical dilemmas and may also be associated with other reporting biases, making accurate estimates of child labour difficult. To address this, we collected data from 1741 cocoa producers to assess whether parents could provide more accurate estimates using indirect survey methods. We compared direct questioning with a list experiment and a novel non-verbal method (‘colorbox’). We found higher prevalence rates of child labour using indirect elicitation methods, but lower than those obtained from children’s surveys. Qualitative in-depth interviews revealed motivations for underreporting, including fear of legal consequences and mistrust of stakeholders. Indirect methods alone are not sufficient to correct for underreporting when child labour is collected from parents. Future research should prioritise direct data collection from children and address ethical concerns to obtain more accurate estimates of child labour.
Discretization-independent node-based shape optimization with the Vertex Morphing method using design variable scaling
Authors: Geiser Armin , Schmölz David , Baumgärtner Daniel , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Vertex Morphing method is a node-based shape parameterization that uses an explicit filtering approach to regularize the optimization problem and generate smooth shapes. It has been successfully applied to shape optimization problems of industrial size in recent years. This work investigates in detail how irregular discretizations, design surface boundaries, and complex geometries can influence the progress of a gradient-based optimization using the standard Vertex Morphing formulation. A sensitivity weighting approach based on the available shape morphing functions is presented, which eliminates all of the aforementioned influences. Subsequently, a design variable scaling strategy is developed that transforms the optimization problem into an alternative design space and allows the use of arbitrary, even highly irregular surface discretizations in combination with black-box optimization algorithms for shape optimization with the Vertex Morphing method. Illustrative academic examples and an application case of an additively manufactured part are presented to support the work.
Do Women with Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Receive Optimal First-Line Treatment?
Authors: Bø Kari , Engh Marie Ellstrøm , Teig Catherine Joyce , Tennfjord Merete Kolberg 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Hypothesis
There is scant knowledge on previous pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in women with urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) referred to hospitals. We hypothesized that women with predominately UI and POP had not received optimal primary care conservative management.

Methods
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey among women attending a gynecological outpatient’s clinic. The questionnaire included questions about demographics, PFMT dosage, whether ability to contract had been assessed and whether the patients had used precontraction before increase in intra-abdominal pressure (“the knack”).

Results
One hundred two women, mean age 52.5 (SD 13.4) years, responded; 37.3% had never been treated previously. There was no statistically significant difference in age, BMI, level of education, parity, time since last birth, SUI, or POP between the women who had been treated conservatively or not before the hospital visit. Thirty-three percent had trained with a physiotherapist and > 35% reported that their ability to contract had not been assessed or were unsure whether it had been assessed; 37% were not able to stop their urine stream; 52% reported that they performed “the knack,” with 15.7% reporting it to be effective. Reasons for not having trained the PFM before visiting the hospital included not being motivated, not knowing how to do PFMT, not being told/advised to do PFMT and not believing PFMT would help.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that there is a need for improvement within first-line health care service for women with predominately UI and POP.
Diagnostic accuracy of radiomics and artificial intelligence models in diagnosing lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Valizadeh Parya , Jannatdoust Payam , Pahlevan-Fallahy Mohammad-Taha , Hassankhani Amir , Amoukhteh Melika , Bagherieh Sara , Ghadimi Delaram J. , Gholamrezanezhad Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Head and neck cancers are the seventh most common globally, with lymph node metastasis (LNM) being a critical prognostic factor, significantly reducing survival rates. Traditional imaging methods have limitations in accurately diagnosing LNM. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in detecting LNM in head and neck cancers.

Methods
A systematic search was performed on four databases, looking for studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of AI models in detecting LNM in head and neck cancers. Methodological quality was assessed using the METRICS tool and meta-analysis was performed using bivariate model in R environment.

Results
23 articles met the inclusion criteria. Due to the absence of external validation in most studies, all analyses were confined to internal validation sets. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled AUC of 91% for CT-based radiomics, 84% for MRI-based radiomics, and 92% for PET/CT-based radiomics. Sensitivity and specificity were highest for PET/CT-based models. The pooled AUC was 92% for deep learning models and 91% for hand-crafted radiomics models. Models based on lymph node features had a pooled AUC of 92%, while those based on primary tumor features had an AUC of 89%. No significant differences were found between deep learning and hand-crafted radiomics models or between lymph node and primary tumor feature-based models.

Conclusion
Radiomics and deep learning models exhibit promising accuracy in diagnosing LNM in head and neck cancers, particularly with PET/CT. Future research should prioritize multicenter studies with external validation to confirm these results and enhance clinical applicability.
Nanofillers modified with aluminum carboxylate for application in Polymer composite electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Słojewska Magdalena , Czerwiński Arkadiusz , Monikowska Dorota , Kruk Joanna , Zygadło-Monikowska Ewa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne of the additives that positively influence the parameters of the electrolyte for lithium-ion cells are ceramic nanoparticles, such as SiO2 and α-Al2O3. However, they tend to agglomerate and sediment, which is an unfavorable phenomenon. An effective strategy to prevent this is to modify the surface of the particles with polymeric compounds, which can increase compatibility and stability in the electrolyte system. To reduce agglomeration and sedimentation, a method was developed to modify aluminum oxide and silica particles using aluminum carboxylate, which chemically combines with inorganic particles that have hydroxyl groups on their surface through an alkoxide bond. This method allows the introduction of oligooxyethylene groups to the ceramic surface, thus obtaining more stable systems. The effectiveness of this modification was confirmed through dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of particle size in liquid organic solvents, which are potential solvents for liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion cells. The modified nanosilica and aluminum oxide particles were then used as additives to solid polymer electrolytes made of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). This led to higher conductivity values compared to the use of unmodified fillers. The obtained values of lithium transference number for solid polymer electrolyte with PEO/CF3SO3Li and nanosilica or aluminum oxide modified with aluminum carboxylate are equal to 0.32–0.40.
Distanzelektroimpulsgeräte (DEIG)
Authors: Ackmann Jana , Steven Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Distanzelektroimpulsgeräte (DEIG, „Taser“) werden zunehmend auch in Deutschland eingesetzt. Sie sollen durch die Androhung des Einsatzes die Gewaltdelikte gegenüber Polizeibeamten verhindern und durch den ggf. notwendigen Einsatz mittlere und schwere Verletzungsfolgen bei Beamten und gewalttätigen Störern reduzieren. Durch die Abgabe repetitiver Stromimpulse kommt es zur neuromuskulären Lähmung und Handlungsunfähigkeit. Es gibt jedoch Sicherheitsbedenken aufgrund von Todesfällen im Zusammenhang mit DEIG.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über mögliche medizinische Risiken des Einsatzes von DEIG aufzuzeigen.

Methoden
Es erfolgte eine ausführliche Literaturrecherche in relevanten Datenbanken.

Ergebnisse
DEIG bieten insgesamt ein gutes Sicherheitsprofil, können aber selten schwere oder lebensbedrohliche gesundheitliche Folgen haben. Hierzu gehören Verletzungen vulnerabler Körperregionen und Sturzfolgen. Ein myokardiales Capture und maligne Arrhythmien sind im Tierexperiment auslösbar. Die Kausalität von Todesfälle nach DEIG-Einsatz kann bei konkurrierenden Ursachen meist nicht mehr eindeutig zugeordnet werden, in den vorhandenen Studien mit Freiwilligen konnten bisher aber keine Arrhythmien beobachtet werden. Insgesamt scheint das Risiko für lebensbedrohliche Herzrhythmusstörungen beim Menschen gering, wenn auch vorhanden, zu sein. Zu den besonders gefährdeten Risikogruppen gehören Kinder, psychisch Vorerkrankte, Intoxikierte, Schwangere und Device-Träger.

Fazit
Auch wenn DEIG prinzipiell maligne Arrhythmien auslösen können, ist das Risiko gering und die Kausalität von Todesfällen nach DEIG-Einsatz oft nicht sicher zu klären. In der medizinischen Versorgung von Patienten nach DEIG-Einsatz sind vor allem Komorbiditäten wie Intoxikationen oder psychische Erkrankungen zu bedenken.
Periprosthetic seromas and a third space effect after high-dose methotrexate
Authors: Prattes Claudia , Leithner Andreas , Szkandera Joanna , Prattes Georg , Urban Ernst-Christian , Eder-Halbedl Andrea , Strenger Volker 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Background
Besides surgery, chemotherapy including high-dose methotrexate is a mainstay of osteosarcoma treatment. Methotrexate is known to accumulate in tissues and cavities, so-called third spaces (e.g., periprosthetic seromas) leading to local toxicity and delayed elimination (third space effect). We compared the concentrations of methotrexate in serum and periprosthetic seromas to evaluate a potential toxic risk based on a third space effect.

Methods
In 45 osteosarcoma patients who were treated with endoprosthesis and high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) between 1991 and 2011 we retrospectively analyzed methotrexate concentrations in periprosthetic seromas and serum. Differences were assessed by means of the Wilcoxon test.

Results
A total of 112 periprosthetic seroma punctures were performed in 18 out of 45 patients. At 24 h the periprosthetic seroma concentrations were in median 14.86-fold (range 1.49–42.97-fold, p = 0.001), at 48 h in median 8.50-fold (range 1.36–52.56, p < 0.001) and at 72 h in median 2.66-fold (range 0.66–5.82, p = 0.015) of the corresponding serum concentrations. At 24 h highly toxic concentrations (≥ 20 μmol/l) were observed in 30% of all analyzed seromas (median 109.83 μmol/l, range 4.91–170.71 μmol/l). A significantly higher serum concentration (range 0.16–0.75 μmol/l, median 0.36 µmol/l) was found in patients with prior puncture than patients without puncture at 45 h after HDMTX.

Conclusion
Methotrexate concentrations of periprosthetic seromas are significantly higher than corresponding serum concentrations possibly contributing to a third space effect. To avoid severe adverse effects punctures of these effusions should be considered.
Severe alcohol withdrawal during pregnancy or early postpartum: maternal and fetal outcomes
Authors: Daidone Shaun , Unlu Hayrunnisa , Yehia Asmaa , Zhang Nan , Abulseoud Osama A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) during pregnancy is under-researched despite growing concerns about increased alcohol use among pregnant women. This study aims to explore the severity of AWS and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes.

Methods
This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to the Mayo Clinic who underwent the CIWA-Ar protocol for AWS from June 2019 through June 2022. Pregnant women identified in this cohort had their pregnancy, labor, and neonatal data analyzed for alcohol-related complications and outcomes.

Results
Out of the medical records reviewed, 8 cases involved pregnant women experiencing AWS. These cases showed a high severity of withdrawal symptoms, with a median peak CIWA-Ar score of 17 (IQR = 14). Maternal complications included a high rate of ICU admissions (37.5%; n = 3) and significant rates of miscarriage and stillbirth (37.5%; n = 3). Fetal outcomes were concerning, with 1 out of 5 (20%) neonates requiring NICU admission and experiencing conditions such as respiratory failure and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Developmental problems were noted in 2 out of 5 (40%) newborns.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the severe implications of AWS during pregnancy, impacting both maternal and fetal health. The severity of AWS requires attentive clinical management and preventative interventions. Future research should focus on larger, prospective studies to better understand and address the risks associated with AWS in pregnant women and to improve health outcomes for mothers and their children.

Article Highlights
• Severe AWS during pregnancy leads to high ICU admissions and adverse neonatal outcomes.
• 37.5% of pregnant women with AWS experienced miscarriage or stillbirth.
• 20% of newborns from mothers with AWS required NICU admission for serious conditions; 40% of newborns had developmental problems.
• Findings underscore the need for specialized treatment protocols to improve outcomes for pregnant women and their newborns.
Development of a model-based modular building kit for sensor-integrating machine elements—Theory and application
Authors: Küchenhof Jan , Breimann Richard , Kirchner Eckhard , Gomberg Ilja , Trieu Hoc Khiem , Alamsha Kamal , Knoll Erich , Stahl Karsten , Menning Johannes , Wallmersperger Thomas , Ewert Arthur , Schlecht Berthold , Prokopchuk Artem , Henke E. -F. Markus , Seltmann Stephanie , Hasse Alexander , Chen Chen , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Krause Dieter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the Priority Program 2305 of the German Research Foundation, so-called Sensor-integrating Machine Elements (SiME) are to be developed. These are essentially highly standardized components with integrated microelectronics. The present article presents the development of a model-based construction kit to support the design of integrated sensor systems for these new machine elements. A methodical procedure for collecting the development data required for modeling the modular building kit for SiME is presented and applied to four different cases within the project. Use cases, product structure and module diagrams were recorded and modeled for the machine elements screw, gear, coupling and feather key. These are then linked in SysML models to enable sensor systems for SiME to be configured in line with requirements. The modeling of the system architectures deepens the understanding of the underlying mechatronic system architecture and supports the identification of differentiation features as well as synergy potentials.
Efficacy and safety of carmustine wafers, followed by radiation, temozolomide, and bevacizumab therapy, for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with maximal resection
Authors: Kanamori Masayuki , Shibahara Ichiyo , Shimoda Yoshiteru , Akiyama Yukinori , Beppu Takaaki , Ohba Shigeo , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Ono Takahiro , Mitobe Yuta , Hanihara Mitsuto , Mineharu Yohei , Ishida Joji , Asano Kenichiro , Yoshida Yasuyuki , Natsumeda Manabu , Nomura Sadahiro , Abe Tatsuya , Yonezawa Hajime , Katakura Ryuichi , Shibui Soichiro , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Takei Hidehiro , Matsushita Haruo , Saito Ryuta , Arakawa Yoshiki , Sonoda Yukihiko , Hirose Yuichi , Kumabe Toshihiro , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Endo Hidenori , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
To improve the outcome in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients with maximal resection, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of implantation of carmustine wafers (CWs), radiation concomitant with temozolomide and bevacizumab, and maintenance chemotherapy with six cycles of temozolomide and bevacizumab.

Method
This prospective phase II study enrolled glioblastoma patients considered candidates for complete resection (> 90%) of a contrast-enhanced lesion. The CWs were intraoperatively implanted into the resection cavity after achieving maximal resection. Patients without a measurable contrast-enhanced lesion on magnetic resonance imaging within 48 h after resection received concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide and bevacizumab, followed by maintenance treatment with up to six cycles of temozolomide and bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was the 2-year overall survival rate in glioblastoma patients with protocol treatment.

Results
From October 2015 to April 2018, we obtained consent for the first registration from 70 patients across 17 institutions in Japan, and 49 patients were treated according to the protocol. We evaluated the safety in 49 patients who were part of the second registration and the efficacy in 45 glioblastoma patients treated according to the protocol. The profile of hematological and most of the non-hematological adverse effects was similar to that in previous studies, but stroke occurred in 12% of cases (6/49 patients). The estimated 2-year overall survival rate was 51.3%.

Conclusion
Implantation of CWs, followed by concomitant radiation, temozolomide, and bevacizumab, and six cycles of temozolomide and bevacizumab may offer some benefit to survival in Japanese glioblastoma patients with maximal resection.

Trial ID
jRCTs021180007.
Quantitative Convergence of a Discretization of Dynamic Optimal Transport Using the Dual Formulation
Authors: Ishida Sadashige , Lavenant Hugo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present a discretization of the dynamic optimal transport problem for which we can obtain the convergence rate for the value of the transport cost to its continuous value when the temporal and spatial stepsize vanish. This convergence result does not require any regularity assumption on the measures, though experiments suggest that the rate is not sharp. Via an analysis of the duality gap we also obtain the convergence rates for the gradient of the optimal potentials and the velocity field under mild regularity assumptions. To obtain such rates, we discretize the dual formulation of the dynamic optimal transport problem and use the mature literature related to the error due to discretizing the Hamilton–Jacobi equation.