bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating GPU betweenness centrality
Authors: McLaughlin Adam , Bader David A. 
Published: July 2018

Graphs that model social networks, numerical simulations, and the structure of the Internet are enormous and cannot be manually inspected. A popular metric used to analyze these networks is Betweenness Centrality (BC), which has applications in community detection, power grid contingency analysis, and the study of the human brain. However, these analyses come with a high computational cost that prevents the examination of large graphs of interest.
Recently, the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has been promising for efficient processing of unstructured data sets. Prior GPU implementations of BC suffer from large local data structures and inefficient graph traversals that limit scalability and performance. Here we present a hybrid GPU implementation that provides good performance on graphs of arbitrary structure rather than just scale-free graphs as was done previously. Our methods achieve up to 13× speedup on high-diameter graphs and an average of 2.71× speedup overall compared to the best existing GPU algorithm. We also observe near linear speedup when running BC on 192 GPUs.
Treatment-Resistant Human Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis: An Immune-Inflammatory Approach to Cysticidal Treatment Outcome
Authors: Arce-Sillas Asiel , Cárdenas Graciela , Álvarez-Luquín Diana , Hernandez Marisela , del Rey Adriana , Besedovsky Hugo , Gómez-Fuentes Sandra , Fragoso Gladis , Fleury Agnes , Sciutto Edda , Adalid-Peralta Laura 
Published: July 2018

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study is to analyze the immune-endocrine profile in neurocysticercosis (NC) patients resistant to cysticidal treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The inflammatory and regulatory responses of 8 resistant NC patients with extraparenchymal parasites and 5 healthy controls were evaluated through flow cytometry. Serum interleukin levels were measured by ELISA and catecholamines levels by high performance liquid chromatography. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Higher percentages of Tr1, CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CD127– and CD4+CD45RO+FOXP3<sup>HI</sup> were found in NC patients compared with healthy controls, but no difference was found in catecholamine levels. Antigen-specific proliferative immune response was observed in NC patients. Neither anti-inflammatory nor pro-inflammatory cytokines showed differences between patients and controls, but IL-6 levels were lower in treatment-resistant NC patients. In addition, TGFβ showed a significant negative correlation with dopamine. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Altogether, these results may point to a modulation of the neuroinflammation in these patients that could indirectly favor cysticercal survival in CNS microenvironment.
Molecular and morphological characterisation of Cryptaphelenchus baujardi n. sp. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae), a new species based on two populations from Iran
Authors: Aliramaji Farzad , Miraeiz Esmaeil , Pourjam Ebrahim , Heydari Ramin 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCryptaphelenchus baujardin. sp. is described and illustrated based on two populations from Golestan province, northern Iran. The new species is characterised by female and male body length of 224 (190-261) and 215 (195-229)μm, respectively, offset cephalic region with a shallow constriction, delicate stylet 6.6 (6.0-7.0)μm long, four incisures in the lateral field, presence of a rudimentary post-uterine sac in the female gonoduct, elongate-conoid female tail ending in an acute to finely rounded terminus, male tail conical, male with seven caudal papillae and delicate spicules. The new species shows a strong resemblance toC. varicaudatusandC. iranicus, but has a sclerotised mass near the tip of the spicule and an indistinct spermatheca. Phylogenetic analyses based on both partial SSU and LSU rDNA sequences confirm its status as a new taxon.
New black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from Eastern Australia
Authors: MOHRIG WERNER , KAUSCHKE ELLEN , BROADLEY ADAM 
Published: July 2018

The following 17 species are described as new for science: Austrosciara heterospinata sp. n., Aus. kalliesi sp. n., Aus. multispinulata sp. n., Aus. stockerae sp. n., Aus. trichovenosa sp. n., Bradysia chloroantennata sp. n., B. fuscovirgata sp. n., B. loudoni sp. n., B. macrotrichata sp. n., B. nigroantennata sp. n., B. parareflexa sp. n., Cratyna (Peyerimhoffia) subvagabunda sp. n., Euricrium (Austroeuricrium) australiensis sp. n., Phytosciara crocera sp. n., Pseudolycoriella latostylata sp. n., Psl. rubroalata sp. n., and Scatopsciara nigrothoracica sp. n. The following 4 species are new records for Australia: B. aspercera Mohrig, B. centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig (both from Papua New Guinea), B. gibbosa Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig and Pseudolycoriella capillosa Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig (both from New Caledonia). Euricrium australiensis sp. n. is the type species of the subgenus Austroeuricrium subgen. n. First detections of the species B. conjuncta (Skuse), B. exsequialis (Skuse), B. pernitida (Skuse) and B. pictipes (Skuse) were made after their description in the 19th century. One species was declared as a new synonym: B. centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 = B. mutuata Mohrig, 2016 syn. n. Five species were excluded from the subgenus Peyerimhoffia. Four are newly combined in the genus Corynoptera, crassistylata group [C. sparsula (Shi & Huang) comb. n., C. brachypoda (Shi & Huang) comb. n., C. yunnana (Shi & Huang) comb. n., C. shennongjiana (Shi & Huang) comb. n.], one in Corynoptera s. str. [C. longiprojecta (Shi & Huang) comb. n.]. Corynoptera longiprojecta (Shi & Huang) is a junior synonym of Corynoptera diversicalcaria Mohrig, 2004 from Papua New Guinea.
Cloud System Evolution in the Trades (CSET): Following the Evolution of Boundary Layer Cloud Systems with the NSF–NCAR GV
Authors: Albrecht Bruce , Ghate Virendra , Mohrmann Johannes , Wood Robert , Zuidema Paquita , Bretherton Christopher , Schwartz Christian , Eloranta Edwin , Glienke Susanne , Donaher Shaunna , Sarkar Mampi , McGibbon Jeremy , Nugent Alison D. , Shaw Raymond A. , Fugal Jacob , Minnis Patrick , Paliknoda Robindra , Lussier Louis , Jensen Jorgen , Vivekanandan J. , Ellis Scott , Tsai Peisang , Rilling Robert , Haggerty Julie , Campos Teresa , Stell Meghan , Reeves Michael , Beaton Stuart , Allison John , Stossmeister Gregory , Hall Samuel , Schmidt Sebastian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Cloud System Evolution in the Trades (CSET) study was designed to describe and explain the evolution of the boundary layer aerosol, cloud, and thermodynamic structures along trajectories within the North Pacific trade winds. The study centered on seven round trips of the National Science Foundation–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF–NCAR) Gulfstream V (GV) between Sacramento, California, and Kona, Hawaii, between 7 July and 9 August 2015. The CSET observing strategy was to sample aerosol, cloud, and boundary layer properties upwind from the transition zone over the North Pacific and to resample these areas two days later. Global Forecast System forecast trajectories were used to plan the outbound flight to Hawaii with updated forecast trajectories setting the return flight plan two days later. Two key elements of the CSET observing system were the newly developed High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Cloud Radar (HCR) and the high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL). Together they provided unprecedented characterizations of aerosol, cloud, and precipitation structures that were combined with in situ measurements of aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and turbulence properties. The cloud systems sampled included solid stratocumulus infused with smoke from Canadian wildfires, mesoscale cloud–precipitation complexes, and patches of shallow cumuli in very clean environments. Ultraclean layers observed frequently near the top of the boundary layer were often associated with shallow, optically thin, layered veil clouds. The extensive aerosol, cloud, drizzle, and boundary layer sampling made over open areas of the northeast Pacific along 2-day trajectories during CSET will be an invaluable resource for modeling studies of boundary layer cloud system evolution and its governing physical processes.
Point‐of‐Care Cerebrospinal Fluid Detection
Authors: Kita Ashley E. , Bradbury Daniel W. , Taylor Zachary D. , Kamei Daniel T. , St. John Maie A. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveA cerebrospinal fluid leak is one of the most serious complications in otolaryngology. It may occur as a result of injury to the skull base, typically traumatic or iatrogenic. While the presence of a leak is often discerned in the emergent setting, distinguishing normal secretions from those containing cerebrospinal fluid can be difficult during postoperative visits in the clinic. As most current laboratory‐based assays are labor intensive and require several days to result, we aim to develop a more user‐friendly and rapid point‐of‐care cerebrospinal fluid detection device.Study DesignOur laboratory developed a barcode‐style lateral‐flow immunoassay utilizing antibodies for beta‐trace protein, a protein abundant in and specific for cerebrospinal fluid, with a concentration of 1.3 mg/L delineating a positive result.SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsTests with known concentrations of resuspended beta‐trace protein and the contents of discarded lumbar drains (presumed to contain cerebrospinal fluid) were performed to validate our novel device.ResultsOur results demonstrate the ability of our device to semiquantitatively identify concentrations of beta‐trace protein from 0.3‐90 mg/L, which is within the required range to diagnose a leak, thus making beta‐trace protein an excellent target for rapid clinical detection.ConclusionHerein we detail the creation and initial validation of the first point‐of‐care cerebrospinal fluid detection device. This device is a feasible method to more efficiently and cost‐effectively identify cerebrospinal fluid leaks, minimize costs, and improve patient outcomes.
Global financial network and liquidity risk
Authors: Inekwe John Nkwoma , Jin Yi , Valenzuela Maria Rebecca 
Published: July 2018

This article investigates the impact of global financial integration on liquidity risk. Using the network approach and bank-level data for 95 countries, we find weak asymmetry in the relationship between net stable funding and financial connectedness. Our results suggest that the degree of connectedness between banks is inversely related to funding stability. We also find that banks that are strongly connected to important lenders take on more risks relative to those that have independent access to finance in the financial network. Our results are consistent and invariant when either internal or external instruments are used to resolve econometric issues. JEL Classification: F21, F34, F36, G15, G33
Evaluating the Predictive Value of Lactate in Patients With Cancer Having Septic Shock
Authors: Nazer Lama H. , Rimawi Dalia , Hawari Feras I. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Limited studies evaluated the predictive value of serum lactate (LA) in critically ill patients with cancer. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of LA single measurements as well as LA clearance in predicting mortality in patients with cancer having septic shock. The study also aimed to determine the LA measurement over the first 24 hours with the highest predictability for hospital mortality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adult patients with cancer having septic shock and LA measurements during the first 24 hours. Three receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive validity for hospital mortality of LA at baseline, at 6 hours and at 24 hours after identifying septic shock. The ROC with the largest area under the curve was analyzed to determine LA level with the highest predictability for hospital mortality. In addition, the ability of LA normalization (LA <2 mmol/L at 6 hours and at 24 hours) and the degree of LA elimination (>10% and >20% at 24 hours) to predict hospital mortality were evaluated by determining the predictive values for each clearance end point. Results: The study included 401 patients. LA >2.5 mmol/L at 24 hours showed the largest area under the ROC curve to predict hospital mortality (ROC area: 0.648; 95% confidence interval: 0.585-0.711) with a sensitivity of 58.4% and specificity of 62.8%. The LA normalization, LA clearance >10%, and LA clearance >20% were also predictors of hospital mortality, with the highest sensitivity for LA normalization at 6 hours (74%) and LA normalization at 24 hours (73.4%). Conclusion: In patients with cancer having septic shock, LA >2.5 mmol/L at 24 hours of septic shock had the highest predictability for hospital mortality. The LA normalization and clearance were also predictors of hospital mortality. However, all LA end points were not strong predictors.
Impact of simulation training on a telestroke network
Authors: Carvalho Valério S , Picanço Miguel R , Volschan André , Bezerra Daniel C 
Published: July 2018

Background Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil, where there are significant imbalances in access to specialized stroke care. Telemedicine networks allow patients to receive neurological evaluation and intravenous thrombolysis in underserved areas, where performance measures are challenging. Aims To describe the impact caused by adequate stroke care training, using realistic simulation, in a developing country telestroke network. Methods Retrospective observational study comparing the number of all stroke diagnoses, thrombolysis rate, door-to-needle time and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis, during one year providing just algorithms and orientation in stroke care to spoke facilities (phase 1), with the results achieved along one year after the beginning of ongoing live training sessions (phase 2). Results The mean number of patients diagnosed with stroke increased from 7.5 to 16.58 per month ( P = 0.019) rising from 90 patients during phase 1 to 199 in phase 2. There was a reduction in the mean door-to-needle time from 137.1 to 95.5 min (−41.58; 95% CI −62.77 to −20.40). The thrombolysis and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates had a non-significant decrease from 21.31% to 18.18% (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.39 to 1.71) and 12.5% to 7.69% (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.046 to 7.425), respectively. Conclusions Realistic simulation stroke care training provided by stroke centers to spoke facilities seems to significantly reduce door-to-needle time and enhance adherence in a telestroke network.
Digitization of the health sector in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities to online health communication: A case study of MARHAM social and mobile media
Authors: Ittefaq Muhammad , Iqbal Azhar 
Published: July 2018

Objective Social and mobile media are playing a significant role in the digitization of health sectors globally. New technology provides an opportunity for stakeholders (i.e., patients and healthcare professionals) to engage with each other in virtual environments to discuss health-related issues. This study examines the role of social and mobile media in digitizing the health sector in Pakistan through MARHAM, the platform which is the subject of this case study. Method A thematic content analysis of MARHAM’s social media (Facebook group, Facebook page, and Twitter account) and mobile media application (“app” and website) were chosen for sampling. Some 6083 group posts, 1724 tweets and 1123 Facebook posts populated our sample. Results Analysis results indicate that MARHAM’s Facebook group most often fields patient inquiries. The most discussed health issues were: women’s health issues (43.23%), children’s diseases (16.63%), psychological issues (15.45%), dental issues (9.50%), skin problems (5.93%), others (5.04%), and obesity (4.19%). MARHAM’s Facebook page and Twitter account were mainly used for health education and awareness. Their mobile application and website were used by healthcare professionals and for patient registration. Conclusion The study’s results suggest that MARHAM is playing a significant role in the health sector of Pakistan, addressing primarily women and children’s issues through their Facebook group. Like many who have an online presence, MARHAM faces certain challenges, including the public’s low literacy rates and scant Internet access.
A Possible Link Between HCN Channels and Depression
Authors: Kim Chung Sub , Johnston Daniel 
Published: July 2018

Growing evidence suggests a possible link between hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated nonselective cation (HCN) channels and depression. In a recent study published in Molecular Psychiatry, we first demonstrate that Ih (the membrane current mediated by HCN channels) and HCN1 protein expression were increased in dorsal, but not in ventral, CA1 region following chronic, but not acute stress. This upregulation of Ih was restricted to the perisomatic region of CA1 neurons and contributed to a reduction of neuronal excitability. A reduction of HCN1 protein expression in dorsal CA1 region before the onset of chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression was sufficient to provide resilient effects to chronic unpredictable stress. Furthermore, in vivo block of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps, a manipulation known to increase intracellular calcium levels and upregulate Ih, produced anxiogenic-like behavior and an increase in Ih, similar to that observed in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. Here, we share our view on (1) how the function and expression of HCN1 channels are changed in the brain in a subcellular region-specific manner during the development of depression and (2) how a reduction of HCN1 protein expression provides resilience to chronic stress.
Double-Blind Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Chemotherapy With and Without Bevacizumab in Patients With Lymph Node–Positive and High-Risk Lymph Node–Negative Breast Cancer (E5103)
Authors: Miller Kathy D. , O’Neill Anne , Gradishar William , Hobday Timothy J. , Goldstein Lori J. , Mayer Ingrid A. , Bloom Stuart , Brufsky Adam M. , Tevaarwerk Amye J. , Sparano Joseph A. , Le-Lindqwister Nguyet Anh , Hendricks Carolyn B. , Northfelt Donald W. , Dang Chau T. , Sledge George W. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeBevacizumab improves progression-free survival but not overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. E5103 tested the effect of bevacizumab in the adjuvant setting in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative disease.Patients and MethodsPatients were assigned 1:2:2 to receive placebo with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by weekly paclitaxel (arm A), bevacizumab only during AC and paclitaxel (arm B), or bevacizumab during AC and paclitaxel followed by bevacizumab monotherapy for 10 cycles (arm C). Random assignment was stratified and bevacizumab dose adjusted for choice of AC schedule. Radiation and hormonal therapy were administered concurrently with bevacizumab in arm C. The primary end point was invasive disease–free survival (IDFS).ResultsFour thousand nine hundred ninety-four patients were enrolled. Median age was 52 years; 64% of patients were estrogen receptor positive, 27% were lymph node negative, and 78% received dose-dense AC. Chemotherapy-associated adverse events including myelosuppression and neuropathy were similar across all arms. Grade ≥ 3 hypertension was more common in bevacizumab-treated patients, but thrombosis, proteinuria, and hemorrhage were not. The cumulative incidence of clinical congestive heart failure at 15 months was 1.0%, 1.9%, and 3.0% in arms A, B, and C, respectively. Bevacizumab exposure was less than anticipated, with approximately 24% of patients in arm B and approximately 55% of patients in arm C discontinuing bevacizumab before completing planned therapy. Five-year IDFS was 77% (95% CI, 71% to 81%) in arm A, 76% (95% CI, 72% to 80%) in arm B, and 80% (95% CI, 77% to 83%) in arm C.ConclusionIncorporation of bevacizumab into sequential anthracycline- and taxane-containing adjuvant therapy does not improve IDFS or overall survival in patients with high-risk human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer. Longer duration bevacizumab therapy is unlikely to be feasible given the high rate of early discontinuation.
Immunomodulation with minocycline rescues retinal degeneration in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis mice highly susceptible to light damage
Authors: Dannhausen Katharina , Möhle Christoph , Langmann Thomas 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (jNCL) is a rare but fatal inherited lysosomal storage disorder mainly affecting children. The disease is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene that lead to the accumulation of storage material in many tissues, prominent immune responses and neuronal degeneration. One of the first symptoms is vision loss followed by motor dysfunction and mental decline. The established Cln3Δex7/8 mouse model mimics many pathological features of the human disease except the retinal phenotype, which is very mild and occurs only very late in these mice. Here, we first carefully analyzed the retinal structure and microglia responses in these animals. While prominent autofluorescent spots were present in the fundus, only a moderate reduction of retinal thickness and no prominent microgliosis was seen in young CLN3-deficient mice. We next genetically introduced a light-sensitive RPE65 variant and established a light-damage paradigm that showed a high susceptibility of young Cln3Δex7/8 mice after exposure to 10,000 lux bright light for 30 min. Under these ‘low light’ conditions, CLN3-deficient mice showed a strong retinal degeneration, microglial activation, deposition of autofluorescent material and transcriptomic changes compared to wild-type animals. Finally, we treated the light-exposed Cln3Δex7/8 animals with the immunomodulatory compound minocycline, and thereby rescued the retinal phenotype and diminished microgliosis. Our findings indicate that exposure to specific light conditions accelerates CLN3-dependent retinal degeneration, and that immunomodulation by minocycline could be a possible treatment option to delay vision loss in jNCL patients.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Finding Extremists in Online Social Networks
Authors: Klausen Jytte , Marks Christopher E. , Zaman Tauhid 
Published: July 2018

Online extremists’ use of social media poses a new form of threat to the general public. These extremists range from cyberbullies to terrorist organizations. Social media providers often suspend the extremists’ accounts in response to user complaints. However, extremist users can simply create new accounts and continue their activities. In this work we present a new set of operational capabilities to address the threat posed by online extremists in social networks. We use thousands of Twitter accounts related to the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) to develop behavioral models for these users—in particular, what their accounts look like and with whom they connect. We use these models to track existing extremist users by identifying pairs of accounts belonging to the same user. We then present a model for efficiently searching the social network to find suspended users’ new accounts based on a variant of the classic Pólya’s urn setup. We find a simple characterization of the optimal search policy for this model under fairly general conditions. Our urn model and main theoretical results generalize easily to search problems in other fields. The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1719 .