bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESCRT‐dependent vacuolar sorting and degradation of the auxin biosynthetic enzyme YUC1 flavin monooxygenase
Authors: Ge Chennan , Gao Caiji , Chen Qingguo , Jiang Liwen , Zhao Yunde 
Published: December 2018

SummaryYUC flavin monooxygenases catalyze the rate‐limiting step of auxin biosynthesis. Here we report the vacuolar targeting and degradation of GFP‐YUC1. GFP‐YUC1 fusion expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts or transgenic plants was primarily localized in vacuoles. Surprisingly, we established that GFP‐YUC1, a soluble protein, was sorted to vacuoles through the ESCRT pathway, which has long been recognized for sorting and targeting integral membrane proteins. We further show that GFP‐YUC1 was ubiquitinated and in this form GFP‐YUC1 was targeted for degradation, a process that was also stimulated by elevated auxin levels. Our findings revealed a molecular mechanism of GFP‐YUC1 degradation and demonstrate that the ESCRT pathway can recognize both soluble and integral membrane proteins as cargoes.
Comparative effect of allopolyploidy on transposable element composition and gene expression between Gossypium hirsutum and its two diploid progenitors
Authors: Cheng Hua , Sun Gaofei , He Shoupu , Gong Wenfang , Peng Zhen , Wang Ruiping , Lin Zhongxu , Du Xiongming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn allopolyploidization event formed allotetraploid Gossypium species from an A‐genome diploid species and a D‐genome diploid species. To explore the responses of transposable elements (TEs) to allopolyploidy, we assembled parallel TE datasets from G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii and analyzed the TE types and the effects of TEs on orthologous gene expression in the three Gossypium genomes. Gypsy was the most abundant TE type and most TEs were located ∼500 bp from genes in all three genomes. In G. hirsutum, 35.6% of genes harbored TE insertions, whereas insertions were more frequent in G. arboreum and G. raimondii. G. hirsutum had the highest proportion of uniquely matching 24‐nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that targeted TEs. TEs, particularly those targeted by 24‐nt siRNAs, were associated with reduced gene expression, but the effect of TEs on orthologous gene expression varied substantially among species. Orthologous gene expression levels in G. hirsutum were intermediate between those of G. arboreum and G. raimondii, which did not experience TE expansion or reduction resulting from allopolyploidization. This study underscores the diversity of TEs co‐opted by host genes and provides insights into the roles of TEs in regulating gene expression in Gossypium.
Seven Fallacies Concerning Milton Friedman's “The Role of Monetary Policy”
Authors: NELSON EDWARD 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper analyzes Milton Friedman's (1968a) article “The Role of Monetary Policy,” via a discussion of seven fallacies concerning the article. These fallacies are as follows: (i) “The Role of Monetary Policy” was Friedman's first public statement of the natural rate hypothesis. (ii) The Friedman–Phelps Phillips curve was already present in Samuelson and Solow's (1960) analysis. (iii) Friedman's specification of the Phillips curve was based on perfect competition and no nominal rigidities. (iv) Friedman's (1968a) account of monetary policy in the Great Depression contradicted the Monetary History’s version. (v) Friedman (1968a) stated that a monetary expansion will keep the unemployment rate and the real interest rate below their natural rates for two decades. (vi) The zero lower bound on nominal interest rates invalidates the natural rate hypothesis. (vii) Friedman's (1968a) treatment of an interest‐rate peg was refuted by the rational expectations revolution. The discussion lays out the reasons why each of these seven items is a fallacy and infers key aspects of the framework underlying Friedman's (1968a) analysis.
In vitro antioxidant activity and solar protection factor of blackberry and raspberry extracts in topical formulation
Authors: Cefali Letícia Caramori , Franco Julia Gomes , Nicolini Giulia Ferreira , Ataide Janaína Artem , Mazzola Priscila Gava 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundBerries are known for their antioxidant activity due to the presence of flavonoids. Antioxidants’ usage guarantees skin protection against free radicals and, flavonoids, especially, can act as sunscreen. The aim of this paper was to evaluate solar protection factor (SPF) and antioxidant activity in vitro of blackberry and raspberry extracts incorporated in topical formulation and study their stability.ResultsRaspberry presented 29.93 mg of anthocyanins/100 g of fruit and blackberry 65.58 mg of anthocyanins/100 g of fruit. In vitro solar protection factor was 54.57 to blackberry and 37.32 to raspberry. When incorporated in O/W emulsions, final formulations showed light pink color, creamy aspect, and typical fruity odor. Formulations submitted to indirect light and stove showed odor and color alterations.ConclusionsBased on the results, formulations containing extracts should be kept under refrigeration in opaque package to ensure stability due to the presence of flavonoids. In addition, blackberry and raspberry extracts are potential natural alternatives to be used as sunscreen and to prevent skin aging.
Durable response by olaparib for a Japanese patient with primary peritoneal cancer with multiple brain metastases: A case report
Authors: Sakamoto Ikuko , Hirotsu Yosuke , Nakagomi Hiroshi , Ikegami Atsushi , Teramoto Katsuhiro , Omata Masao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBrain metastases (BM) from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) or primary peritoneal cancer (PPC) are extremely rare, accounting for 1–2.5% of all cases. Although therapeutic options, such as surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy are proven to yield survival benefit, the overall prognosis of these patients remains unsatisfactory. Poly (adenosine diphosphate‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, olaparib is useful for patients with recurrent EOC or PPC. However, reports suggesting the efficacy of PARP inhibitors for patients with EOC or PPC with BM are limited. We report the case of a 58‐year‐old Japanese woman with recurrent PPC with multiple BM. After obtaining informed consent from the patient, we performed BRCA testing that detected a deleterious BRCA 1 mutation. At that time, olaparib was not yet approved in Japan, we learned about the compassionate use program of olaparib called Managed Access Program (MAP). Of note, we have established a system to enroll patients in MAP. After olaparib treatment, the patient exhibited a considerable decrease of BMs. Eighteen months since the initiation of olaparib treatment, the patient has reported no evidence of disease progression. Olaparib maintenance treatment could be effective for Japanese patients with PPC and multiple BMs.
Effect of a maternal role training program on maternal identity in primiparous women with unplanned pregnancies
Authors: Fasanghari Maryam , Kordi Masoumeh , Asgharipour Negar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimPrimiparous women with unplanned pregnancies experience greater levels of anxiety that reduce their ability to perform their maternal role.MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted in 2014 on 67 primiparous women with unplanned pregnancies visiting the health centers of Mashhad, Iran, who were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received maternal role training based on Mercer's Maternal Role Attainment Theory, and the control group received the routine pregnancy care. Maternal identity was measured before training and 4 weeks and 4 months after delivery.ResultsFour months after delivery, 28 women (80%) in the intervention group and 18 women (56%) in the control group successfully formed a maternal identity (P = 0.036).ConclusionA maternal role training program given based on Mercer's theory facilitates the formation of maternal identity in primiparous women with unplanned pregnancies.
Achieving Temporal Ambidexterity in New Ventures
Authors: Wang Stephanie L. , Luo Yadong , Maksimov Vladislav , Sun Jinyun , Celly Nikhil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOrganizations face a common intertemporal choice problem, where actions suitable in the shortterm are different from those that work in the longterm. Building on the organizational ambidexterity theory, we argue that organizations can reconcile their short‐term and long‐term tensions, but this does necessitate managerial endeavours that orchestrate this reconciliation. We introduce the concept of temporal ambidexterity and define four intertemporal tensions involving an organization’s objectives, resources, markets, and uncertainty. We examine how firms can address these tensions successfully in the context of new ventures, and to do so we focus on three managerial capabilities of founder‐CEOs: expertise breadth, external connectivity, and empowering leadership. Results from 243 new ventures in China suggest that temporal ambidexterity improves with these managerial capabilities, and more so for younger ventures. Our findings shed light on solutions and mechanisms by which intertemporal balance is fulfilled, particularly for new ventures in a dynamic environment.
Culture as a determinant of option choice in a situational judgement test: A new look
Authors: Schmitt Neal , Prasad Joshua J. , Ryan Ann Marie , Bradburn Jacob C. , Nye Christopher D. 
Published: December 2018

Past research on cultural correlates of biased items in multiple‐choice tests have almost always considered post‐hoc explanations that have not been very convincing and they have considered only differential subgroup responses to the correct or preferred answer. In an effort to determine the degree to which culture explains the difference between Chinese and Americans’ responses to a situational judgement test (SJT), 135 options to 25 SJT items were rated on the degree to which they reflected seven dimensions of culture. Ratings of the cultural content of the options were significantly and moderately correlated with Chinese–American differences in Most Likely responses to the options. In addition, a loglinear analysis of differential distractor functioning (DDF) yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that culture was at least partly the reason for subgroup differences in option choices and the resultant findings of DDF. The results suggest that SJTs and perhaps other non‐academic measures must be used with caution across cultural groups.Practitioner points

Consultation with experts and test takers in the cultures with which you hope to use an instrument should always precede test use. Review with them both the item stems and options (if any) for items that may have a different meaning across cultural groups.

Measurement invariance of instruments used with different cultural groups should be assessed. When sample sizes do not permit sophisticated analyses such as confirmatory factor analyses or item response theory analyses, examine and seek to understand any simple descriptive statistics that reflect a difference across cultural groups.

There should be an examination of examine response differences to distractors in multiple‐choice items as well as differences in responses to correct options.
A Latent Variable Approach to Measuring Social Dynamics in Adolescence
Authors: Cole Veronica T. , Hussong Andrea M. , Faris Robert W. , Rothenberg William A. , Gottfredson Nisha C. , Ennett Susan T. 
Published: December 2018

In the study of adolescent health, it is useful to derive indices of social dynamics from sociometric data, and to use these indices as predictors of health risk behaviors. In this manuscript, we introduce a flexible latent variable model as a novel way of obtaining estimates of social integration and social status from school‐based sociometric data. Such scores provide the flexibility of a regression‐based approach while accounting for measurement error in sociometric indicators. We demonstrate the utility of these factor scores in testing complex hypotheses through a combination of structural equation modeling and survival models, showing that deviance mediates the relationship between social status and smoking onset hazard at the transition to high school.
Latent tuberculosis may be missed by current screening practices: Analysis of interferon‐gamma release assay results from a paediatric refugee clinic
Authors: Colgan Katrina , Anderson Jennifer , Maycock Alanna , Britton Philip N , Mackenzie Merran , Isaacs David , Gunasekera Hasantha 
Published: December 2018

Aims(i) To determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and characteristics associated with LTBI in children attending a paediatric refugee clinic and (ii) to determine whether current New South Wales (NSW) Health screening practices could miss LTBI cases.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of tuberculosis (TB) screening data from refugee and asylum seeker children who attended a refugee clinic in a tertiary children's hospital during 2014 and 2015. We determined associations between LTBI and child characteristics at 5% significance levels.ResultsOf 358 children attending the clinic, 235 children (66%) received interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) testing, of whom 28 (11.9%) had positive results. Of the 28 with positive IGRAs, 12 (42.9%) would have been missed using NSW Health screening guidelines: two because they were younger than 2 years old, one who was born in Australia and 10 because they were not born in high TB incidence countries. IGRA results were not significantly associated with any of the child characteristics examined, including age, gender, travel through transit countries, boat versus plane arrival into Australia, whether the child had been in a detention centre or TB incidence in the source country.ConclusionsWe identified 12 children with LTBI who would have been missed using current NSW Health Department screening practices. These children are at risk of progression to active disease, particularly the two aged younger than 2 years old. We recommend universal screening.
Oral dextrose gel to treat neonatal hypoglycaemia: Clinician survey
Authors: Alsweiler Jane M , Woodall Sonja M , Crowther Caroline A , Harding Jane E 
Published: December 2018

AimsTo determine the use of oral dextrose gel to treat neonatal hypoglycaemia in New Zealand (NZ), to identify barriers and enablers to the implementation of the guideline and to determine if there is variation in management between clinical disciplines caring for at‐risk babies.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to clinicians (including doctors, midwives and nurses) caring for babies with neonatal hypoglycaemia via stakeholders and maternity hospitals.ResultsA total of 251 clinicians from all 20 District Health Boards (DHBs) completed the survey. Of the responding clinicians, 148 (59%) from 15 (75%) DHBs reported oral dextrose gel use in their hospital, and of these, 129 (87%) reported a local guideline. In 12 of 15 (80%) DHBs, oral dextrose gel could be prescribed by midwives. For a clinical scenario of a baby with neonatal hypoglycaemia, doctors were more likely to prescribe oral dextrose gel than midwives (odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 2.9 (2.2–3.8), P < 0.0001). Of 32 possible combinations of treatment options for this scenario, 31 were selected by one or more clinicians. A guideline was perceived to be the most useful enabler, and availability of oral dextrose gel was seen as the most important barrier.ConclusionsOral dextrose gel is widely used to treat neonatal hypoglycaemia in NZ. Increasing availability of dextrose gel and the clinical practice guideline are likely to further increase the use of oral dextrose gel.
Tobacco screening and cessation efforts by dental providers: A quality measure evaluation
Authors: Neumann Ana , Kumar Shwetha , Bangar Suhasini , Kookal Krishna Kumar , Spallek Heiko , Tokede Oluwabunmi , Simmons Kristen , Even Joshua , Mullins Joanna , Mertz Elizabeth , Yansane Alfa , Obadan‐Udoh Enihomo , White Joel , Walji Muhammad , Kalenderian Elsbeth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to adapt, test, and evaluate the implementation of a primary care “Preventive care and Screening” meaningful use quality measure for tobacco use, in dental institutions. We determined the percentage of dental patients screened for tobacco use, and the percentage of tobacco users who received cessation counseling.MethodsWe implemented the dental quality measure (DQM), in three dental schools and a large dental accountable care organization. An automated electronic health record (EHR) query identified patients 18 years and older who were screened for tobacco use one or more times within 24 months, and who received cessation counseling intervention if identified as a tobacco user. We evaluated EHR query performance with a manual review of a subsample of charts.ResultsAcross all four sites, in the reporting calendar year of 2015, a total of 143,675 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Within 24 months, including 2014 and 2015 calendar years, percentages of tobacco screening ranged from 79.7 to 99.9 percent, while cessation intervention percentages varied from 1 to 81 percent among sites. By employing DQM research methodology, we identified intervention gaps in clinical practice.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the successful implementation of a DQM to evaluate screening rates for tobacco use and cessation intervention. There is substantial variation in the cessation intervention rates across sites, and these results are a call for action for the dental profession to employ tobacco evidence‐based cessation strategies to improve oral health and general health outcomes.
Early‐breeding females experience greater telomere loss
Authors: Graham Jessica L. , Bauer Carolyn M. , Heidinger Britt J. , Ketterson Ellen D. , Greives Timothy J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnnual reproductive success is often highest in individuals that initiate breeding early, yet relatively few individuals start breeding during this apparently optimal time. This suggests that individuals, particularly females who ultimately dictate when offspring are born, incur costs by initiating reproduction early in the season. We hypothesized that increases in the ageing rate of somatic cells may be one such cost. Telomeres, the repetitive DNA sequences on the ends of chromosomes, may be good proxies of biological wear and tear as they shorten with age and in response to stress. Using historical data from a long‐term study population of dark‐eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), we found that telomere loss between years was greater in earlier breeding females, regardless of chronological age. There was no relationship between telomere loss and the annual number of eggs laid or chicks that reached independence. However, telomere loss was greater when temperatures were cooler, and cooler temperatures generally occur early in the season. This suggests that environmental conditions could be the primary cause of accelerated telomere loss in early breeders.
Impact of haemoglobin A1c trajectories on chronic kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Low Serena , Zhang Xiao , Wang Jiexun , Yeoh Lee Y , Liu Yan L , Ang Su F , Subramaniam Tavintharan , Sum Chee F , Lim Su C 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo characterize haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectories and examine their associations with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study on 770 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending a diabetes centre in 2002–2017. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to identify HbA1c trajectories. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine association between the trajectories and CKD progression which was defined as deterioration across the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes estimated glomerular filtration rate categories with ≥25% drop from baseline.ResultsWe identified four HbA1c trajectories: ‘near‐optimal stable’ (49.1%), ‘moderate stable’ (37.9%), ‘moderate‐increasing’ (6.0%) and ‘high‐decreasing’ (7.0%). Over a median follow‐up period of 4.6 years (interquartile range 2.5–5.6), CKD progression occurred in 35.6% of patients. The risk of CKD progression was significantly higher in the moderate‐increasing with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) 2.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–4.57). After additional adjustment for mean HbA1c, the association between the moderate‐increasing subgroup and CKD progression remained significant at HR 3.07 (95% CI 1.08–8.77).ConclusionModerate‐increasing HbA1c trajectory is associated with renal disease progression in patients with T2DM, independent of mean HbA1c. The deleterious effects of deteriorating HbA1c trajectory highlight the importance of achieving sustained good glycaemic control in diabetes management.
Gene disruption through base editing‐induced messenger RNA missplicing in plants
Authors: Li Zhenxiang , Xiong Xiangyu , Wang Fengzhu , Liang Jieping , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: December 2018

Summary

Gene knockout tools are highly desirable for basic and applied plant research.

Here, we leverage the Cas9‐derived cytosine base editor to introduce precise C‐to‐T mutations to disrupt the highly conserved intron donor site GT or acceptor site AG, thereby inducing messenger RNA (mRNA) missplicing and gene disruption.

As proof of concept, we successfully obtained Arabidopsis null mutant of MTA gene in the T2 generation and rice double null mutant of GL1‐1 and NAL1 genes in the T0 generation by this strategy.

Elimination of the original intron donor site or acceptor site could trigger aberrant splicing at a new specific exonic site, but not at the closest GT or AG site, suggesting cryptic rules governing splice site recognition. The strategy presented expands the applications of base editing technologies in plants by providing a new means for gene inactivation without generating DNA double‐strand breaks, and it can potentially serve as a useful tool for studying the biology of mRNA splicing.
Allantoin accumulation through overexpression of ureide permease1 improves rice growth under limited nitrogen conditions
Authors: Redillas Mark Christian Felipe R. , Bang Seung Woon , Lee Dong‐Keun , Kim Youn Shic , Jung Harin , Chung Pil Joong , Suh Joo‐Won , Kim Ju‐Kon 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn legumes, nitrogen (N) can be stored as ureide allantoin and transported by ureide permease (UPS) from nodules to leaves where it is catabolized to release ammonium and assimilation to amino acids. In non‐leguminous plants especially rice, information on its roles in N metabolism is scarce. Here, we show that OsUPS1 is localized in plasma membranes and are highly expressed in vascular tissues of rice. We further evaluated an activation tagging rice overexpressing OsUPS1 (OsUPS1OX) under several N regimes. Under normal field conditions, panicles from OsUPS1OX plants (14 days after flowering (DAF)) showed significant allantoin accumulation. Under hydroponic system at the vegetative stage, plants were exposed to N‐starvation and measured the ammonium in roots after resupplying with ammonium sulphate. OsUPS1OX plants displayed higher ammonium uptake in roots compared to wild type (WT). When grown under low‐N soil supplemented with different N‐concentrations, OsUPS1OX exhibited better growth at 50% N showing higher chlorophyll, tiller number and at least 20% increase in shoot and root biomass relative to WT. To further confirm the effects of regulating the expression of OsUPS1, we evaluated whole‐body‐overexpressing plants driven by the GOS2 promoter (OsUPS1GOS2) as well as silencing plants (OsUPS1RNAi). We found significant accumulation of allantoin in leaves, stems and roots of OsUPS1GOS2 while in OsUPS1RNAi allantoin was significantly accumulated in roots. We propose that OsUPS1 is responsible for allantoin partitioning in rice and its overexpression can support plant growth through accumulation of allantoin in sink tissues which can be utilized when N is limiting.