bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microporosity‐Controlled Synthesis of Heteroatom Codoped Carbon Nanocages by Wrap‐Bake‐Sublime Approach for Flexible All‐Solid‐State‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Kale Vinayak S. , Hwang Minsik , Chang Hogeun , Kang Jeongmin , Chae Sue In , Jeon Youngmoo , Yang Jiwoong , Kim Jonghoon , Ko Yoon‐Joo , Piao Yuanzhe , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHeteroatom‐doped carbon nanomaterials with high surface area and tunable microporosity are important but they generally require difficult and multistep syntheses. Herein, a simple and straightforward strategy is introduced that involves a wrap‐bake‐sublime approach to synthesize microporosity controlled and heteroatom codoped carbon nanocages. A zinc‐containing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) core is wrapped in a cross‐linked oligomer containing nitrogen and phosphorus, oligo(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐hexahydroxytriphenylene) (OCHT). As‐synthesized core–shell ZIF‐8‐OCHT nanoparticles are baked at high temperatures to sublimate zinc through OCHT shell, resulting in a porous structure. Meanwhile, hollow cavities are introduced into N,P codoped carbon nanocages (NPCNs) via the sacrificial nature of ZIF‐8 template. The microporosity is finely tuned by controlling thickness of the OCHT shell during synthesis of the core–shell nanoparticles, since the sublimation tendency of zinc component at high temperatures depends on the thickness of OCHT shell. A systematic correlation between the electrochemical performance of NPCNs and their microporosity is confirmed. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the NPCNs is related to the degree of heteroatom codoping. The approach is successfully scaled‐up without compromising their electrochemical performance. Finally, a symmetric and flexible all‐solid‐state‐supercapacitor with high energy and power density, and a long‐term cycleability is demonstrated (75% capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles).
Controllable, Wide‐Ranging n‐Doping and p‐Doping of Monolayer Group 6 Transition‐Metal Disulfides and Diselenides
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Hill Heather M. , Moudgil Karttikay , Richter Curt A. , Hight Walker Angela R. , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Hacker Christina A. , Pookpanratana Sujitra J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeveloping processes to controllably dope transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is critical for optical and electrical applications. Here, molecular reductants and oxidants are introduced onto monolayer TMDs, specifically MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2. Doping is achieved by exposing the TMD surface to solutions of pentamethylrhodocene dimer as the reductant (n‐dopant) and “Magic Blue,” [N(C6H4‐p‐Br)3]SbCl6, as the oxidant (p‐dopant). Current–voltage characteristics of field‐effect transistors show that, regardless of their initial transport behavior, all four TMDs can be used in either p‐ or n‐channel devices when appropriately doped. The extent of doping can be controlled by varying the concentration of dopant solutions and treatment time, and, in some cases, both nondegenerate and degenerate regimes are accessible. For all four TMD materials, the photoluminescence intensity; for all four materials the PL intensity is enhanced with p‐doping but reduced with n‐doping. Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) also provide insight into the underlying physical mechanism by which the molecular dopants react with the monolayer. Estimates of changes of carrier density from electrical, PL, and XPS results are compared. Overall a simple and effective route to tailor the electrical and optical properties of TMDs is demonstrated.
Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Stabilizing Agent in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Milić Jovana V. , Arora Neha , Dar M. Ibrahim , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Grätzel Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne of the most challenging obstacles to commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is their instability toward environmental conditions. An emerging solution to overcome these challenges relies on graphene‐based composites, in particular, solution‐processable reduced graphene oxide (rGO), whose high electrical and thermal conductivity, along with beneficial passivation effects, display multifaceted utility in PSCs. This review provides a brief summary of functions of rGO in different PSC architectures, from a potential replacement for transparent conductive oxides, through usage in electron‐transporting and perovskite layers, with the particular emphasis on its application as a hole‐transporting material and a spacer layer. Despite ongoing research challenges, the synergy between rGO and PSCs promises to facilitate the future applications of efficient and stable PSCs.
Investigation on Drag Reduction Characteristics and Shell‐Side Hydrodynamics in Hollow Fiber Membrane Modules
Authors: Zhang Ting , Guo Kai , Li Chuanxi , Li Yue , Liu Chunjiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel hollow fiber membrane module shell‐side model is fabricated, simulated, tested, and analyzed. The mathematical model consists of a six spaced bar‐shaped fiber and a vortex‐control tangential entrance with protuberance radians. The vortex shedding behavior is captured by the digital particle image velocimetry technique. The velocity vectors and vorticity fields are analyzed experimentally. Meanwhile, theturbulent model is established to identify the flow stagnate point/region transformation. Investigation of wall shear stress and surface pressure distributions around circular cylindrical fibers illustrate the mechanism of drag reduction tentatively. Afterward, the novel optimization module produces higher recovery rates of up to 1.56 times as compared to that of a conventional module in equivalent filtration condition. It indicates that by means of a hydrodynamics flow control strategy, the fabricated membrane module structure could potentially improve energy utilization efficiency in filtration processes.
Computational Spectroscopy of Ionic Liquids for Bulk Structure Elucidation
Authors: Saielli Giacomo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract“Computational spectroscopy” refers to quantum chemistry protocols capable of predicting the electronic and/or magnetic spectra of molecules. The most common techniques used for structural assignment are infrared, electronic, and NMR spectroscopies. Chemists can normally deduce the chemical structure of an unknown substance by using a vast collection of empirical relationships linking the spectral features with the presence or absence of functional groups and, this part mostly by NMR, the connectivity between them and the relative stereochemistry. Computational spectroscopy is a powerful aid for structural elucidation when empirical relationships do not suffice to unambiguously assign the structure. In these cases, the calculated spectrum of a putative structure is compared with the experimental one and the match, or lack thereof, between the two, measured by several statistical parameters, indicates whether or not that structure is the correct one. Is it possible to extend such protocols to bulk phases of complex fluids, such as ionic liquids, rather than covalent molecules, in order to get insights into the average structure of the fluid? It is the aim of this Progress Report to highlight recent advances in this field through the discussion of specific case studies.
Simple and Low‐Cost Sampling of Cell‐Free Nucleic Acids from Blood Plasma for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Jin Choong Eun , Koo Bonhan , Lee Tae Yoon , Han Kyudong , Lim Seok Byung , Park In Ja , Shin Yong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCell‐free nucleic acids (cfNAs) are emerging diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring the treatment and recurrence of cancers. In particular, the biological role and clinical usefulness of cfNAs obtained from the plasma of patients with various cancers are popular and still intensely explored, yet most studies are limited by technical problems during cfNA isolation. A dimethyl dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP)‐based microchannel platform that enables spontaneous cfNA capture in 15 min with minimal cellular background and no requirements for use of bulky instruments is reported first. This platform identified KRAS and BRAF hot‐spot mutations following cfDNA isolation from the blood plasma and tissues obtained from 30 colorectal cancer patients. The correlation of mutations between the primary tissues and plasma from the patients was high using this platform with whole genome sequencing compared to the spin‐column method. This platform can also be combined with various detection approaches (biooptical sensor, Sanger sequencing, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) for rapid, simple, low‐cost, and sensitive circulating tumor DNA detection in blood plasma. The efficiency and versatility of this platform in isolating cfNAs from liquid biopsies has applications in cancer treatment and precision medicine.
Contribution of Mitophagy to Cell‐Mediated Mineralization: Revisiting a 50‐Year‐Old Conundrum
Authors: Pei Dan‐dan , Sun Jin‐long , Zhu Chun‐hui , Tian Fu‐cong , Jiao Kai , Anderson Matthew R. , Yiu Cynthia , Huang Cui , Jin Chang‐xiong , Bergeron Brian E. , Chen Ji‐hua , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐na 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBiomineralization in vertebrates is initiated via amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursors. These precursors infiltrate the extracellular collagen matrix where they undergo phase transformation into intrafibrillar carbonated apatite. Although it is well established that ACP precursors are released from intracellular vesicles through exocytosis, an unsolved enigma in this cell‐mediated mineralization process is how ACP precursors, initially produced in the mitochondria, are translocated to the intracellular vesicles. The present study proposes that mitophagy provides the mechanism for transfer of ACP precursors from the dysfunctioned mitochondria to autophagosomes, which, upon fusion with lysosomes, become autolysosomes where the mitochondrial ACP precursors coalesce to form larger intravesicular granules, prior to their release into the extracellular matrix. Apart from endowing the mitochondria with the function of ACP delivery through mitophagy, the present results indicate that mitophagy, triggered upon intramitochondrial ACP accumulation in osteogenic lineage‐committed mesenchymal stem cells, participates in the biomineralization process through the BMP/Smad signaling pathway.
The Long‐Term Impact of Natural Mentoring Relationships: A Counterfactual Analysis
Authors: Hagler Matthew A. , Rhodes Jean E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrevious research suggests that youth's natural mentoring relationships are associated with better academic, vocational, and psychosocial functioning. However, little is known about the extent to which the impact of mentoring endures beyond adolescence and early adulthood. Furthermore, most natural mentoring research is confounded by selection bias. In this study, we examined the long‐term impact of mentoring using the nationally representative, longitudinal Add Health dataset. We conducted counterfactual analysis, a more stringent test of causality than regression‐based approaches. Compared to their unmentored counterparts, adults (ages 33–42) who had a natural mentor during adolescence or emerging adulthood reported higher educational attainment, more time spent volunteering, and more close friends, after controlling for a range of confounding factors. However, outcomes differed when mentors were classified as “strong ties” (e.g., grandparents, friends) or “weak ties” (e.g., teachers, coaches, employers). Having a strong‐tie mentor was associated with having more close friends and a lower income. In contrast, having a weak‐tie mentor was associated with higher educational attainment, higher income, and more time spent volunteering. These findings suggest that natural mentoring relationships can exert lasting influence on young people's developmental trajectories, providing strong rationale for efforts to expand their availability and scope.
Photo‐Electrochemical C−H Bond Activation of Cyclohexane Using a WO3 Photoanode and Visible Light
Authors: Tateno Hiroyuki , Iguchi Shoji , Miseki Yugo , Sayama Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe photo‐electrochemical C−H bond activation of cyclohexane to produce cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (KA oil) with high partial oxidation selectivity (99 %) and high current utilization ratio (76 %) was achieved in air at room temperature at atmospheric pressure. The production rate of KA oil was accelerated by applying a bias. The incident photon to current efficiencies at 365 and 420 nm were 57 % and 24 %, respectively.
Oxidative Stability of Rice Bran Wax Oleogels and an Oleogel Cream Cheese Product
Authors: Park Clifford , Bemer Hanna L. , Maleky Farnaz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecently, a number of publications demonstrated the successful applications of oleogels (OG) (liquid oils gelled through organogelators) in food products. Although many highlighted the health benefits of OG, potential negative impacts of thermal processing during oleogelation on nutrition and flavor quality of the OG‐based food are not fully studied. Hence, in this study, an oleogel‐cream‐cheese (OCC) product was formulated and the effects of OG processing on the oil's oxidative stability and the tocopherol content were investigated. The OG system used in the cheese product was prepared with high‐oleic soybean oil (HOSO) and rice bran wax. An ungelled cream‐cheese sample (UGCC) and two commercial cream‐cheese products were used as controls. Although high‐performance liquid chromatography data analysis showed a lower total tocopherol content in OG samples compared to HOSO, the samples’ α‐tocopherol content remained comparable. No significant differences were observed between the total tocopherol contents of OCC and UGCC cheese products, and the amount of all three‐tocopherol isomers remained constant during 14 days of storage. Although oxidation analysis showed more volatile compounds in OG samples compared to HOSO, there was only a minor difference in the volatile content between the OCC and UGCC samples. The results show minimal degradation of vegetable OG due to the thermal processing and storage that may help their potential application in dairy products.
Characterization and Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets in Baricitinib‐Treated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , McInnes Iain B. , Taylor Peter C. , Byers Nicole L. , Chen Lei , de Bono Stephanie , Issa Maher , Macias William L. , Rogai Veronica , Rooney Terence P. , Schlichting Douglas E. , Zuckerman Steven H. , Emery Paul 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveBaricitinib is an orally administered inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 that has been shown to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to analyze changes in lymphocyte cell subsets during baricitinib treatment and to correlate these changes with clinical outcomes.MethodsAn integrated analysis was conducted by pooling data from 3 completed phase III trials comparing placebo with baricitinib treatment (RA‐BEAM, RA‐BUILD, and RA‐BEACON) and 1 ongoing long‐term extension study (RA‐BEYOND) in patients with active RA (n = 2,186).ResultsBaricitinib treatment was associated with an early transient increase in total lymphocyte count at week 4, which returned to baseline by week 12. Transient changes within normal reference ranges in T cells and subsets were observed with baricitinib treatment, up to week 104. B cells and relevant subpopulations increased after 4 weeks of baricitinib treatment, with no further increases noted through 104 weeks of treatment. Natural killer (NK) cells temporarily increased after 4 weeks of baricitinib treatment, before decreasing below baseline levels and then stabilizing over time. With baricitinib treatment, few correlations were observed between changes in lymphocyte subsets and clinical end points, and most correlations were also observed within the placebo group. A modest potential association between low NK cell numbers and treatment‐emergent infections was observed in the baricitinib 4 mg/day treatment group, but not for serious infections or herpes zoster.ConclusionOverall, these findings demonstrate that changes in lymphocyte subsets were largely within normal reference ranges across the baricitinib phase III RA clinical program and were not associated with increased risk of serious infections.
Event‐triggered Guaranteed Cost Consensus of Networked Singular Multi‐agent Systems
Authors: Xu Qiyi , Zhang Yijun , Xiao Shunyuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe problem of event‐triggered guaranteed cost consensus of discrete‐time singular multi‐agent systems with switching topologies is investigated in this paper. To save the limited network communication bandwidth of multi‐agent systems, a novel event‐triggered networked consensus mechanism is proposed. Based on the graph theory and singular system theory, sufficient conditions of guaranteed‐cost consensus of discrete‐time singular multi‐agent systems are derived and given in the form of the linear matrix inequalities, respectively. A co‐design approach of the multi‐agent consensus gain matrix and the event‐triggered parameters is presented. Furthermore, based on the approach of second class equivalent transformation for singular systems, the cost function is determined, and an explicit expression of consensus functions is presented. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The investigation of protective effects of isosteviol sodium on cerebral ischemia by metabolomics approach using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Jina , Zhang Hao , Mo Canlong , Zhou Ting , Tan Wen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCerebral ischemia remains a major cause of mortality and a long‐term disability with limited therapies. Isosteviol sodium (STV‐Na) was proved to exert significant protective effects on cerebral ischemia, but the protective mechanism was not understood. In this study, the protective effects of STV‐Na on cerebral ischemia were investigated by the metabolomics approach based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry technique. The models of ischemic rats were established and the brain tissues were employed for metabolomics analyses. The principal component analysis showed that the model group was clearly separated from the sham group, while both STV‐Na and edaravone groups were located between the sham and the model groups, which indicated that STV‐Na as well as edaravone had protective effects on cerebral ischemia. Eighteen differential metabolites which had significant differences between the sham and the model groups were screened and identified. After the administration of STV‐Na, all 18 differential metabolites were regulated to the levels between the sham and the model groups, and 12 of them presented significant differences between the model and STV‐Na groups. The pathway analysis indicated that the protective effects of STV‐Na on cerebral ischemia might be associated with the regulation of several metabolic pathways, i.e. glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism.
Sensory evaluation of Chinese white salted noodles and steamed bread made with Australian and Chinese wheat flour
Authors: Liu Rui , Solah Vicky Ann , Wei Yimin , Wu Guiling , Wang Xulin , Crosbie Graham , Fenton Haelee 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesChinese white salted noodles (CWSN) and steamed bread (CSB) are staple foods and represent approximately 65% of wheat consumption in China. Sensory evaluation was used to measure the quality attributes of selected Australian wheat varieties and Chinese commercial wheat for Chinese white salted noodle and northern style steamed bread. Descriptive parameters for Chinese sensory evaluation are described and tested using a Chinese‐trained expert sensory panel.FindingsThe results showed that flour from selected Australian wheat varieties had better gluten properties, dough mixing characteristics and starch properties compared with the commercial Chinese wheat flours evaluated. Improved sensory evaluation scores in noodle firmness, stickiness, elasticity, smoothness, and flavor resulted in a significantly higher total quality score (p < 0.05) for all Australian wheat flours and blends (60% and 74% extraction) compared with the two Chinese wheat flours for CWSN. Sensory evaluation scores for steamed bread from the Australian wheat variety Mace (60% and 74% extraction) were equal to the best Chinese gold standard flour (49% extraction) and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than Chinese flour of 69% extraction. The Australian flours with protein content 9%–10.5% produced higher quality white salted noodles and steamed bread than the higher protein 12.0% Chinese flours. The highest scoring noodles at 78.5–79.5 points were Australian Mace, and Mace and Zen blends. The highest scoring Chinese steamed bread at 85.7 points was Mace at 60% extraction.ConclusionsThe features of the Australian 60% extraction flours were higher noodle firmness, elasticity, and smoothness scores and improved flavor compared with the 49% extraction Chinese gold standard flour. Noodle sensory evaluation results showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total scores for the Australian flours compared with noodles made with the two high‐quality Chinese wheat flours. The features of Australian 60% extraction flour were ideal for steamed bread characteristics: mouthfeel, stickiness, texture, and elasticity/firmness. Steamed bread made from Mace flour (60% and 75% extraction) showed a significantly higher total score compared with steamed bread made from Chinese wheat flour (69% extraction). The demand for improved wheat quality in China is growing, and future research is needed to investigate quality of newly released Australian and Chinese wheat varieties.Significance and noveltyThis research contributes to defining sensory quality testing methods and quality characteristics for Chinese white salted noodles and steamed bread. Mace and Zen blends were tested for sensory quality by a Chinese expert sensory panel.
Incorporation of Ti as a Pyramidal Framework Site in the Mono‐Layered MCM‐56 Zeolite and its Oxidation Activity
Authors: Korzeniowska Aleksandra , Grzybek Justyna , Roth Wieslaw J. , Kowalczyk Andrzej , Michorczyk Piotr , Čejka Jiři , Přech Jan , Gil Barbara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMWW zeolite MCM‐56 with Al atoms on the surface was functionalized with Ti to produce pyramidal TiOH groups. This was carried out by removal of Al with nitric acid, calcination and treatment with titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) (Ti(acac)2 (i‐propoxide)2, Ti(acac)2OiPr2). Up to 0.7 % Ti was introduced. Using UV‐Vis spectroscopy three types of Ti moieties were identified in the uncalcined materials – tetrahedral in the framework, 5/6‐coordinated Ti on the surface, presumably in the vacated pyramidal sites, and oxide‐like clusters. The presence of TiOH on the surface was indicated by in situ measurement of UV‐Vis spectra during calcination. It showed the band at 290 nm, which disappeared at 500 °C, perhaps due to condensation with silanols. Catalytic oxidation tests were carried out with three samples containing 0.13, 0.36, and 0.70 % Ti and methyl phenyl sulfide and cis‐cyclooctene as model reactants. The study confirmed potential of the TiOH moieties in oxidation catalysis although their final form is not certain. Future studies will include increasing Ti content to enhance catalytic activity and better detection of this type of the Ti site.