bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrification of Experimental Volcanic Jets with Varying Water Content and Temperature
Authors: Stern S. , Cimarelli C. , Gaudin D. , Scheu B. , Dingwell D.B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVolcanic lightning—a near ubiquitous feature of explosive volcanic eruptions—possesses great potential for the analysis of volcanic plume dynamics. To date, the lack of quantitative knowledge on the relationships between plume characteristics hinders efficient data analysis and application of the resulting parameterizations. We use a shock‐tube apparatus for rapid decompression experiments to produce particle‐laden jets. We have systematically and independently varied the water content (0–27 wt%) and the temperature (25–320 °C) of the particle‐gas mixture. The addition of a few weight percent of water is sufficient to reduce the observed electrification by an order of magnitude. With increasing temperature, a larger number of smaller discharges are observed, with the overall amount of electrification staying similar. Changes in jet dynamics are proposed as the cause of the temperature‐dependence, while multiple factors (including the higher conductivity of wet ash) can be seen responsible for the decreased electrification in wet experiments.
Urbanization Effect in Regional Temperature Series Based on a Remote Sensing Classification Scheme of Stations
Authors: Tysa Suonam Kealdrup , Ren Guoyu , Qin Yun , Zhang Panfeng , Ren Yuyu , Jia Wenqian , Wen Kangmin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuantifying the urbanization effect on station and regional surface air temperature (SAT) trends is a prerequisite for monitoring and detecting long‐term climate change. Based on the data set of satellite visible spectral remote sensing, a new method is developed to determine the urbanization level around observational sites on varied spatial scales and to classify the sites into different categories of stations (U1, U2, …, U6) with U1 the least and U6 the largest affected by urbanization. Urbanization effect on SAT anomaly series of urban and national stations are then evaluated for the periods of 1980–2015 and 1960–2015. Results show that the percentage of built‐up area in different circumferences of the observational sites can be considered as a good indicator of comprehensive urbanization level of station and can be used to classify stations and to determine reference stations; the largest increase in annual mean SAT (Tmean) during 1980–2015 occurred at U6 stations, and U1 stations registered the weakest annual mean warming. The urbanization level is significantly positively correlated to the linear trends of annual mean Tmean and minimum SAT (Tmin) and significantly negatively correlated to the diurnal temperature range (DTR) change. The data sets of the national reference climate station network and basic meteorological station network show large urbanization effect and contribution, with the annual mean urbanization contributions reaching 28.7% and 25.8% for the periods 1960–2015 and 1980–2015, respectively. For all the national stations (2,286 in total), the urbanization contributions are 17.1% and 14.6% for the two same periods, respectively.
Pseudodiabetes—not a contraindication for metabolic interventions
Authors: Bravo-San Pedro José Manuel , Sica Valentina , Kroemer Guido 
Published: October 2019

AbstractType-2 diabetes is characterized by glycosuria, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. One or several among these alterations are also found after starvation, ketogenic diet, and pharmacological treatment with rapamycin or antibody-mediated neutralization of the obesogenic factor ACBP/DBI. Thus, a variety of metabolic interventions that improve metabolic health can induce a transient state of “pseudo-diabetes”.
De novo exploration and self-guided learning of potential-energy surfaces
Authors: Bernstein Noam , Csányi Gábor , Deringer Volker L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInteratomic potential models based on machine learning (ML) are rapidly developing as tools for material simulations. However, because of their flexibility, they require large fitting databases that are normally created with substantial manual selection and tuning of reference configurations. Here, we show that ML potentials can be built in a largely automated fashion, exploring and fitting potential-energy surfaces from the beginning (de novo) within one and the same protocol. The key enabling step is the use of a configuration-averaged kernel metric that allows one to select the few most relevant and diverse structures at each step. The resulting potentials are accurate and robust for the wide range of configurations that occur during structure searching, despite only requiring a relatively small number of single-point DFT calculations on small unit cells. We apply the method to materials with diverse chemical nature and coordination environments, marking an important step toward the more routine application of ML potentials in physics, chemistry, and materials science.
Quantum key distribution with simply characterized light sources
Authors: Mizutani Akihiro , Sasaki Toshihiko , Takeuchi Yuki , Tamaki Kiyoshi , Koashi Masato 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo guarantee the security of quantum key distribution (QKD), security proofs of QKD protocols have assumptions on the devices. Commonly used assumptions are, for example, each random bit information chosen by a sender to be precisely encoded on an optical emitted pulse and the photon-number probability distribution of the pulse to be exactly known. These typical assumptions imposed on light sources such as the above two are rather strong and would be hard to verify in practical QKD systems. The goal of the paper is to replace those strong assumptions on the light sources with weaker ones. In this paper, we adopt the differential-phase-shift (DPS) QKD protocol and drastically mitigate the requirements on light sources, while for the measurement unit, trusted and photon-number-resolving detectors are assumed. Specifically, we only assume the independence among emitted pulses, the independence of the vacuum emission probability from a chosen bit, and upper bounds on the tail distribution function of the total photon number in a single block of pulses for single, two and three photons. Remarkably, no other detailed characterizations, such as the amount of phase modulation, are required. Our security proof significantly relaxes demands for light sources, which paves a route to guarantee implementation security with simple verification of the devices.
Effect of surgical parameters on the biomechanical behaviour of bicondylar total knee endoprostheses – A robot-assisted test method based on a musculoskeletal model
Authors: Kebbach M. , Grawe R. , Geier A. , Winter E. , Bergschmidt P. , Kluess D. , D’Lima D. , Woernle C. , Bader R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe complicated interplay of total knee replacement (TKR) positioning and patient-specific soft tissue conditions still causes a considerable number of unsatisfactory outcomes. Therefore, we deployed a robot-assisted test method, in which a six-axis robot moved and loaded a bicondylar cruciate-retaining (CR)-TKR in a virtual lower extremity emulated by a musculoskeletal multibody model. This enabled us to systematically analyse the impact of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), tibial slope, and tibial component rotation on TKR function while considering the physical implant components and physiological-like conditions during dynamic motions. The PCL resection yielded a decrease of femoral rollback by 4.5 mm and a reduction of tibiofemoral contact force by 50 N. A reduced tibial slope led to an increase of tibiofemoral contact force by about 170 N and a decrease of femoral rollback up to 1.7 mm. Although a higher tibial slope reduced the contact force, excessive tibial slopes should be avoided to prevent joint instability. Contrary to an external rotation of the tibial component, an internal rotation clearly increased the contact force and lateral femoral rollback. Our data contribute to improved understanding the biomechanics of TKRs and show the capabilities of the robot-assisted test method based on a musculoskeletal multibody model as a preoperative planning tool.
Snap29 mutant mice recapitulate neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities associated with 22q11 and CEDNIK syndrome
Authors: Keser Vafa , Lachance Jean-François Boisclair , Alam Sabrina Shameen , Lim Youngshin , Scarlata Eleonora , Kaur Apinder , Zhang Tian Fang , Lv Shasha , Lachapelle Pierre , O’Flaherty Cristian , Golden Jeffrey A. , Jerome-Majewska Loydie A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSynaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29) encodes a member of the SNARE family of proteins implicated in numerous intracellular protein trafficking pathways. SNAP29 maps to the 22q11.2 region and is deleted in 90% of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Moreover, bi-allelic SNAP29 mutations in patients are responsible for CEDNIK (cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma) syndrome. A mouse model that recapitulates abnormalities found in these syndromes is essential for uncovering the cellular basis of these disorders. In this study, we report that mice with a loss of function mutation of Snap29 on a mixed CD1;FvB genetic background recapitulate skin abnormalities associated with CEDNIK, and also phenocopy neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities found in CEDNIK and a subset of 22q11.2DS patients. Our work also reveals an unanticipated requirement for Snap29 in male fertility and supports contribution of hemizygosity for SNAP29 to the phenotypic spectrum of abnormalities found in 22q11.2DS patients.
Gut–neuroimmune interactions: the unexpected role of the immune system in brain development
Authors: Spichak Simon , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. 
Published: October 2019

How does the immune system impact brain development?
The exciting and somewhat unexpected relationship between the immune system and the brain has become one of the most fascinating topics in neuroscience. Even though the immune system was initially implicated in resolving viral and bacterial threats, it is now becoming more evident that it also plays a role in processes in the brain, both under healthy and pathological conditions. This novel role of the immune system in brain health has been implicated in various psychopathologies where neurodevelopment, stress and mood are central. In particular, its role in healthy brain development is becoming more evident, and understanding neuroimmune communication is becoming crucial in treating neurodevelopmental and mood disorders in later life. In the brain, glia function as part of the innate immune system and are programmed to respond to pathogens and physical injury. They also play an important role in neuronal development and pruning. These cells communicate with and respond to chemical signals, such as cytokines and chemokines, which can then initiate or downregulate inflammatory responses. Finally, the trillions of microbes residing in the gut can also stimulate cytokine and chemokine responses in the periphery and play an important role in both immunity and brain development.
Patient Positioning in Shoulder Arthroscopy: Which is Best?
Authors: Rojas Jorge , Familiari Filippo , Bitzer Alexander , Srikumaran Uma , Papalia Rocco , McFarland Edward G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen performing diagnostic and surgical arthroscopic procedures on the shoulder, the importance of patient positioning cannot be understated. The optimum patient positioning for shoulder arthroscopy should enhance intraoperative joint visualization and surgical accessibility while minimizing potential perioperative risk to the patient. Most shoulder arthroscopy procedures can be reliably performed with the patient either in the lateral decubitus (LD) or beach chair (BC) position. Although patient positioning for shoulder arthroscopy has been subject of controversy, there is no conclusive evidence to suggest superiority of one position versus another. Each position offers advantages and disadvantages and surgeon's experience and training are pivotal on selecting one position versus another. Regardless of the position, a proper positioning of the patient should provide adequate access to the joint while minimizing complications. The purpose of this review is to summarize setup and technical aspects, the advantages and disadvantages, and the possible complications of the LD and BC positions in shoulder arthroscopy.
Hip Spacers in Two-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Review of Literature
Authors: Rava Alessandro , Bruzzone Matteo , Cottino Umberto , Enrietti Emilio , Rossi Roberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInfection after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a devastating complication with significant consequences for patients. In literature, single and two-stage revision, irrigation and debridement, Girdlestone resection arthroplasty, and arthrodesis and amputation are reported as possible treatments. Recently, two-stage revision has become popular as the gold standard treatment for chronic hip joint infections after THA. In this review, we evaluate the current literature about microbiology of periprosthetic joint infections and the use of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers. We aim to give an overview about indications, clinical results, and mechanical complications for spacers implantation, evaluating also selection criteria, pharmacokinetic properties, and systemic safety of the most frequently used antibiotics.
Neonatal Antiepileptic Medication Treatment Patterns: A Decade of Change
Authors: Le Vi T. , Abdi Hibo H. , Sánchez Pablo J. , Yossef Lina , Reagan Patricia B. , Slaughter Laurel A. , Firestine Angela , Slaughter Jonathan L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aims to describe the frequency and characteristics of anticonvulsant medication treatments initiated in the neonatal period.
Study Design We analyzed a cohort of neonates with a seizure diagnosis who were discharged from institutions in the Pediatric Health Information System between 2007 and 2016. Adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for characteristics associated with neonatal (≤ 28 days postnatal) anticonvulsant initiation were calculated via modified Poisson regression.
Results A total of 6,245 infants from 47 institutions were included. There was a decrease in both phenobarbital initiation within the neonatal period (96.9 to 91.3%, p = 0.015) and continuation at discharge (90.6 to 68.6%, p <0.001). Levetiracetam (7.9 to 39.6%, p < 0.001) initiation within the neonatal period and continuation at discharge (9.4 to 49.8%, p < 0.001) increased. Neonates born at ≥ 37 weeks' gestation and those diagnosed with intraventricular hemorrhage, ischemic/thrombotic stroke, other hemorrhagic stroke, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) had a higher probability of anticonvulsant administration. The most prevalent diagnosis was HIE (n = 2,223, 44.4%).
Conclusion Phenobarbital remains the most widely used neonatal seizure treatment. Levetiracetam is increasingly used as a second line therapy. Increasing levetiracetam use indicates a need for additional study to determine its effectiveness in reducing seizure burden and improving long-term outcomes.
Long non-coding RNA 2310069B03Rik functions as a suppressor of Ucp1 expression under prolonged cold exposure in murine beige adipocytes
Authors: Iwase Mari , Sakai Shoko , Seno Shigeto , Yeh Yu-Sheng , Kuo Tony , Takahashi Haruya , Nomura Wataru , Jheng Huei-Fen , Horton Paul , Osato Naoki , Matsuda Hideo , Inoue Kazuo , Kawada Teruo , Goto Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Specific conditions, such as exposure to cold, can induce the production of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue. These adipocytes express high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and energy expended by generating heat. Thus, these are a potential target for the prevention or treatment of obesity. The present study involved a comprehensive analysis of the adipose tissue to understand the relationship between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) 2310069B03Rik and UCP1. Cold exposure increased both lncRNA 2310069B03Rik and Ucp1 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). However, overexpression of lncRNA 2310069B03Rik suppressed the Ucp1 mRNA expression and the promoter activity of UCP1 in the iWAT primary adipocytes. In addition, compared to the early induction of Ucp1 expression by cold stimulation, the induction of lncRNA 2310069B03Rik expression was later. These results suggest that lncRNA 2310069B03Rik functions as a suppression factor of Ucp1 expression.
Setup for characterising the spectral responsivity of Fabry–Pérot-interferometer-based hyperspectral cameras
Authors: Pekkala Oskari , Pulli Tomi , Kokka Alexander , Ikonen Erkki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hyperspectral cameras capture the spectral power distribution of the objects in the imaged view via dozens of narrow-band spectral channels of the camera. Knowledge of the spectral responsivity of the channels is essential when interpreting the acquired hyperspectral data and assessing its reliability. The spectral responsivity of the camera channels may vary within the image area. This paper presents a measurement setup and data analysis routine for characterising the spectral responsivity of a hyperspectral camera. This method was used to characterise the spectral responsivity of a Fabry–Pérot-interferometer-based hyperspectral camera. The characterisation method implemented in this study was able to reveal several channel leaks in the measured wavelength range. In the image area there is an approximately 1.5 nm shift in the channel wavelengths, and up to 10% variation in the channel bandwidths. The expanded uncertainties (k  =  2) for the measured channel bandwidths, sensitivities and wavelengths were 7.9%, 9.5% and 0.64 nm, respectively.
Fitting Marginal Structural and G-Estimation Models Under Complex Treatment Patterns: Investigating the Association Between De Novo Vitamin D Supplement Use After Breast Cancer Diagnosis and All-Cause Mortality Using Linked Pharmacy Claim and Registry Data
Authors: Madden Jamie M , Leacy Finbarr P , Zgaga Lina , Bennett Kathleen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies have shown that accounting for time-varying confounding through time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models may provide biased estimates of the causal effect of treatment when the confounder is also a mediator. We explore 2 alternative approaches to addressing this problem while examining the association between vitamin D supplementation initiated after breast cancer diagnosis and all-cause mortality. Women aged 50–80 years were identified in the National Cancer Registry Ireland (n = 5,417) between 2001 and 2011. Vitamin D use was identified from linked prescription data (n = 2,570). We sought to account for the time-varying nature of vitamin D use and time-varying confounding by bisphosphonate use using 1) marginal structural models (MSMs) and 2) G-estimation of structural nested accelerated failure-time models (SNAFTMs). Using standard adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, we found a reduction in all-cause mortality in de novo vitamin D users compared with nonusers (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73, 0.99). Additional adjustment for vitamin D and bisphosphonate use in the previous month reduced the hazard ratio (HR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.63). Results derived from MSMs (HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.61) and SNAFTMs (HR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.52) were similar. Utilizing MSMs and SNAFTMs to account for time-varying bisphosphonate use did not alter conclusions in this example.
From Snapshots of Practice to a Movie: Researching Long-Term Social Work and Child Protection by Getting as Close as Possible to Practice and Organisational Life
Authors: Ferguson Harry , Leigh Jadwiga , Cooner Tarsem Singh , Beddoe Liz , Disney Tom , Warwick Lisa , Plumridge Gillian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch into social work and child protection has begun to observe practice to find out what social workers actually do, however, no such ethnographic research has been done into long-term practice. This article outlines and analyses the methods used in a study of long-term social work and child protection practice. Researchers spent fifteen months embedded in two social work departments observing organisational practices, culture and staff supervision. We also regularly observed social worker’s encounters with children and families in a sample of thirty cases for up to a year, doing up to twenty-one observations of practice in the same cases. Family members were also interviewed up to 3 times during that time. This article argues that a methodology that gets as close as possible to practitioners and managers as they are doing the work and that takes a longitudinal approach can provide deep insights into what social work practice is, how helpful relationships with service users are established and sustained over time, or not, and the influence of organisations. The challenges and ethical dilemmas involved in doing long-term research that gets so close to social work teams, casework and service users for up to a year are considered.
Genetic variability in response to amyloid beta deposition influences Alzheimer’s disease risk
Authors: Salih Dervis A , Bayram Sevinc , Guelfi Sebastian , Reynolds Regina H , Shoai Maryam , Ryten Mina , Brenton Jonathan W , Zhang David , Matarin Mar , Botia Juan A , Shah Runil , Brookes Keeley J , Guetta-Baranes Tamar , Morgan Kevin , Bellou Eftychia , Cummings Damian M , Escott-Price Valentina , Hardy John 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease risk have previously identified genes primarily expressed in microglia that form a transcriptional network. Using transgenic mouse models of amyloid deposition, we previously showed that many of the mouse orthologues of these risk genes are co-expressed and associated with amyloid pathology. In this new study, we generate an improved RNA-seq-derived network that is expressed in amyloid-responsive mouse microglia and we statistically compare this with gene-level variation in previous human Alzheimer’s disease genome-wide association studies to predict at least four new risk genes for the disease (OAS1, LAPTM5, ITGAM/CD11b and LILRB4). Of the mouse orthologues of these genes Oas1a is likely to respond directly to amyloid at the transcriptional level, similarly to established risk gene Trem2, because the increase in Oas1a and Trem2 transcripts in response to amyloid deposition in transgenic mice is significantly higher than both the increase of the average microglial transcript and the increase in microglial number. In contrast, the mouse orthologues of LAPTM5, ITGAM/CD11b and LILRB4 (Laptm5, Itgam/CD11b and Lilra5) show increased transcripts in the presence of amyloid plaques similar in magnitude to the increase of the average microglial transcript and the increase in microglia number, except that Laptm5 and Lilra5 transcripts increase significantly quicker than the average microglial transcript as the plaque load becomes dense. This work suggests that genetic variability in the microglial response to amyloid deposition is a major determinant for Alzheimer’s disease risk, and identification of these genes may help to predict the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. These findings also provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease for potential drug discovery.