bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Types of union participators over time: Toward a person‐centered and dynamic model of participation
Authors: McKay Alexander S. , Grimaldi Elizabeth M. , Sayre Gordon M. , Hoffman Michael E. , Reimer Robert D. , Mohammed Susan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious research on union participation has been disjointed, with no clear consensus on the definition and nature of participation. Additionally, few studies have examined how participation changes over time, with those that have finding mixed results regarding its stability. We propose that these mixed and inconsistent findings are due largely to past research focusing on overall levels of participation, ignoring differences inhowindividuals participate. To remedy this, we adopted a person‐centered approach to identify different types of union participators. Using a large sample of union members, we conducted latent transition analysis and found six union participator classes: high participators, leadership participators, formal union promoters, informal union promoters, silent supporters, and non‐participators. In addition, we examined how individuals changed membership across two time points (separated by 6 years), antecedents of class membership (role tenure and union commitment), and outcomes (freerider intentions and actual financial contributions to the union's political action fund). The six classes differed uniquely, in terms of the ways people participate, changes in how people participate over time, what predicted class membership, and how class membership impacts two outcomes. The current study demonstrates that person‐centered approaches can both clarify previous conflicting findings within the participation literature and predict meaningful outcomes.
On the Estimation of Population Size from a Dependent Triple-Record System
Authors: Chatterjee Kiranmoy , Bhuyan Prajamitra 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPopulation size estimation based on a capture–recapture experiment under a triple-record system is an interesting problem in various fields including epidemiology and population studies. In many real life scenarios, there is inherent dependence between capture and recapture attempts. We propose a novel model that successfully incorporates the possible dependence and the associated parameters have nice interpretations. We provide estimation methodology for the population size and the associated model parameters based on the maximum likelihood method. The model proposed is applied to analyse real data sets from public health and census coverage evaluation studies. The performance of the estimate proposed is evaluated through extensive simulation study and the results are compared with existing competitors. The results exhibit superiority of the model over the existing competitors both in real data analysis and in a simulation study.
Safety Planning on Crisis Lines: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Perceived Helpfulness of a Brief Intervention to Mitigate Future Suicide Risk
Authors: Labouliere Christa D. , Stanley Barbara , Lake Alison M. , Gould Madelyn S. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe role of crisis hotlines traditionally was limited to de‐escalation and service linkage. However, hotlines are increasingly recruited to provide outreach and follow‐up to suicidal individuals. Hotlines have the opportunity to not just defuse current crises but also provide brief interventions to mitigate future risk. The Safety Planning Intervention (SPI) is a brief intervention designed to help manage suicidal crises, but its feasibility and effectiveness on hotlines are not established.AimsThis study examined feasibility and perceived effectiveness of SPI, as reported by 271 crisis counselors at five centers in the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline network.MethodCounselors were trained to use SPI. Self‐report surveys were completed immediately after training (time 1) and at the end of the study, approximately 9 months later (time 2).ResultsCounselors reported that SPI was feasible and helpful, and was used on both incoming and follow‐up calls. Utilization and perceived effectiveness at time 2 were predicted by self‐efficacy, feasibility, and helpfulness at time 1.LimitationsResults are preliminary and limited to counselors’ perceptions. Future RCTs should establish efficacy of SPI for crisis callers.ConclusionThe Safety Planning Intervention is a promising approach to reduce crisis callers’ future suicide risk that hotline counselors report is both feasible and helpful.
Cosmetics increase skin evenness: Evidence from perceptual and physical measures
Authors: Batres Carlota , Porcheron Aurélie , Latreille Julie , Roche Magalie , Morizot Frédérique , Russell Richard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCosmetics are commonly attributed with increasing skin evenness, yet little published data characterizes the effect, either perceptually or physically. We therefore investigated whether makeup increases skin evenness using a perceptual measurement and two physical measurements of color and luminance homogeneity.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐two French women (aged 29‐45 years) were photographed without cosmetics, with self‐applied cosmetics, and with professionally‐applied cosmetics. In Study 1, 143 participants rated skin evenness. In Study 2, each face was delineated to create regions of interest (ROI) in the cheek and forehead areas. Both ROIs were then analyzed for luminance homogeneity using an established measure (Haralick homogeneity) and a new measure that incorporates chromaticity (H76).ResultsIn Study 1, the faces were rated as having more even‐looking skin with either self‐applied cosmetics or professionally‐applied cosmetics than without cosmetics. In Study 2, the luminance homogeneity measure found that the cheek ROI, but not the forehead ROI, was more homogeneous after both self‐applied cosmetics and professionally‐applied cosmetics when compared to without cosmetics. The new measure incorporating chromaticity found greater homogeneity in both ROIs in the two cosmetics conditions. The new measure incorporating chromaticity also better predicted the perceived skin evenness ratings from Study 1.ConclusionThese results provide systematic empirical evidence that makeup increases perceived skin evenness, and that these increases are partly predicted by physical measurements of skin luminance and color. The data also indicate that H76—the new measure of skin evenness that incorporates chromaticity—better predicts perceived skin evenness.
Successful eradication of chronic symptomatic Candida krusei urinary tract infection with increased dose micafungin in a liver and kidney transplant recipient: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Multani Ashrit , Subramanian Aruna K. , Liu Anne Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTreatment of symptomatic candiduria is notoriously challenging because of the limited repository of antifungals that achieve adequate urinary concentrations. Fluconazole, amphotericin B‐based products, and flucytosine are established treatment options for most Candida species. Candida krusei exhibits intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and decreased susceptibility to amphotericin B and flucytosine. In transplant patients, both amphotericin B‐based products and flucytosine are less desirable because of their toxicities. Other triazole antifungals are unappealing because they do not achieve adequate urinary concentrations, have multiple toxicities, and interact with transplant‐related immunosuppressive medications. Echinocandins are well‐tolerated but have been traditionally deferred in the treatment of symptomatic funguria because of their poor urinary concentrations but there is a small but emerging body of literature supporting their use. Here, we present a case of successful eradication of chronic symptomatic C krusei urinary tract infection with micafungin 150 milligrams daily in a liver and kidney transplant recipient, and we review the literature on treatment of symptomatic candiduria.
The polyadenylation factor FIP1 is important for plant development and root responses to abiotic stresses
Authors: Téllez‐Robledo Barbara , Manzano Concepcion , Saez Angela , Navarro‐Neila Sara , Silva‐Navas Javier , de Lorenzo Laura , González‐García Mary‐Paz , Toribio René , Hunt Arthur G. , Baigorri Roberto , Casimiro Ilda , Brady Siobhan M. , Castellano M. Mar , del Pozo J. Carlos 
Published: May 2019

SummaryRoot development and its response to environmental changes is crucial for whole plant adaptation. These responses include changes in transcript levels. Here, we show that the alternative polyadenylation (APA) of mRNA is important for root development and responses. Mutations in FIP1, a component of polyadenylation machinery, affects plant development, cell division and elongation, and response to different abiotic stresses. Salt treatment increases the amount of poly(A) site usage within the coding region and 5′ untranslated regions (5′‐UTRs), and the lack of FIP1 activity reduces the poly(A) site usage within these non‐canonical sites. Gene ontology analyses of transcripts displaying APA in response to salt show an enrichment in ABA signaling, and in the response to stresses such as salt or cadmium (Cd), among others. Root growth assays show that fip1‐2 is more tolerant to salt but is hypersensitive to ABA or Cd. Our data indicate that FIP1‐mediated alternative polyadenylation is important for plant development and stress responses.
A case series of pediatric patients with direct antiglobulin test negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Miller Jonathan , Cai Wei , Andrews Jennifer , Narla Anupama 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDThe diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) can be challenging since the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) has been reported to be falsely negative in 3%‐11% of cases. In children with anemia, laboratory and/or clinical evidence of hemolysis and a negative DAT, clinicians should consider further specialized testing to confirm AIHA to accurately diagnose and treat this uncommon pediatric entity.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective chart review was undertaken at a large tertiary care academic pediatric hematology practice to describe our experience with DAT‐negative AIHA.RESULTSFrom January 1, 2010 through August 1, 2016, 10 children were described who had clinical and laboratory evidence of AIHA, a negative DAT, and further specialized serologic testing confirming this diagnosis.CONCLUSIONThis case series highlights the need for further serologic workup when a child's clinical presentation is highly consistent with AIHA despite a negative DAT.
Self‐translation and English‐language creative writing in China
Authors: Dai Fan , Zheng Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article considers creative writing in a foreign language as one type of translation, more specifically, ‘self‐translation,’ in which the original text is usually not written, but exists liminally in the mind of the author. It explores how cultural and linguistic aspects of creative writing are treated through the analysis of extracts from the creative work in English by one of the authors of this article, and from the creative assignments by her students. In the process, the linguistic aspect of this study is informed by the concept of ‘cosmopolitan English,’ while the key issue in self‐translation or creative writing is how to translate the culturally‐loaded content of one culture into forms of expression comprehensible to audiences from other cultures and other societies.
Modified ischaemic nerve block of the forearm: use for the induction of cortical plasticity in distal hand muscles
Authors: Hayashi Ryutaro , Ogata Katsuya , Nakazono Hisato , Tobimatsu Shozo 
Published: May 2019

Key points
Ischaemic nerve block (INB) of the forearm rapidly reduces somatosensory input to a part of the body, which leads to the functional reorganization of the temporarily deafferented primary motor cortex (M1).
We applied a novel modified INB (mINB) to the forearm, maintaining mean blood pressure, to assess cortical plasticity in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the M1 regions associated with small hand muscles.
S1 excitability was measured by median nerve somatosensory‐evoked potentials (SEPs), while M1 excitability was evaluated by motor‐evoked potentials (MEPS), using transcranial magnetic stimulation.
The finding that S1 excitability increased and M1 excitability decreased after the mINB was removed reflects the differential short‐term cortical plasticity of the S1 and M1 regions.
These opposite effects observed for the S1 and M1 regions following the mINB may indicate a possible intra‐hemispheric interaction between the S1 and M1 regions.
AbstractIschaemic nerve block (INB) causes short‐term sensory deprivation, leading to functional reorganization in the deafferented motor cortex (M1). We used a modified INB (mINB) to evaluate cortical plasticity in the somatosensory cortex (S1) and M1 region associated with small hand muscles, because INB strongly inhibits muscles distal to the tourniquet. Thirty‐three healthy adults participated in different combinations of four experiments. A pneumatic tourniquet was placed just below the right elbow and inflated to induce a mINB. We recorded the median nerve somatosensory‐ and motor‐evoked potentials (SEPs and MEPs) before, during and after mINB placement and assessed spinal cord excitability using F‐wave measurements. SEPs at Erb's point (N9) were abolished during the mINB; those at cortical N20 were suppressed. After removing the mINB, N20 amplitudes increased significantly, while those at N9 did not fully recover. P14 amplitudes after tourniquet deflation immediately recovered to baseline levels. M1‐MEP amplitudes decreased during the mINB, and Erb‐MEPs were suppressed. After the mINB was removed, M1‐MEPs remained suppressed, while Erb‐MEPs fully recovered. F‐waves were not affected by the intervention. Therefore, sensory, but not motor, nerve function was affected by the mINB. S1 excitability was enhanced after the mINB was removed, indicating that S1 and M1 excitability were modulated in opposing directions after deflation. These after‐effects may reflect isolated effects or interactions between the S1 and M1 regions. Our findings may facilitate improved understanding of the sensorimotor modulations that occur distal to the tourniquet due to temporal deafferentation and lead to development of novel neuromodulation protocols.
The spiking and secretory activity of oxytocin neurones in response to osmotic stimulation: a computational model
Authors: Maícas Royo Jorge , Leng Gareth , MacGregor Duncan J. 
Published: May 2019

Key points
A quantitative model of oxytocin neurones that combines a spiking model, a model of stimulus–secretion coupling and a model of plasma clearance of oxytocin was tested.
To test the model, a variety of sources of published data were used that relate either the electrical activity of oxytocin cells or the secretion of oxytocin to experimentally induced changes in plasma osmotic pressure.
To use these data to test the model, the experimental challenges involved were computationally simulated.
The model predictions closely matched the reported outcomes of the different experiments.
AbstractMagnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neurones in the rat hypothalamus project to the posterior pituitary, where they secrete their products into the bloodstream. In rodents, both vasopressin and oxytocin magnocellular neurones are osmoresponsive, and their increased spiking activity is mainly a consequence of an increased synaptic input from osmoresponsive neurons in regions adjacent to the anterior wall of the third ventricle. Osmotically stimulated vasopressin secretion promotes antidiuresis while oxytocin secretion promotes natriuresis. In this work we tested a previously published computational model of the spiking and secretion activity of oxytocin cells against published evidence of changes in spiking activity and plasma oxytocin concentration in response to different osmotic challenges. We show that integrating this oxytocin model with a simple model of the osmoresponsive inputs to oxytocin cells achieves a strikingly close match to diverse sources of data. Comparing model predictions with published data using bicuculline to block inhibitory GABA inputs supports the conclusion that inhibitory inputs and excitatory inputs are co‐activated by osmotic stimuli. Finally, we studied how the gain of osmotically stimulated oxytocin release changes in the presence of a hypovolaemic stimulus, showing that this is best explained by an inhibition of an osmotically regulated inhibitory drive to the magnocellular neurones.
Vaccine Approaches To Protect against Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Fischetti Vincent A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTStreptococcal pharyngitis (or strep throat) is a common childhood disease affecting millions of children each year, but it is one of the only childhood diseases for which a vaccine does not exist. While for decades the development of a vaccine has been the center of attention in many laboratories worldwide, with some successes, no corporate development has yet to be initiated. The reason for this probably lies in our inability to conclusively identify the streptococcal molecule or molecules responsible for the heart cross-reactive antibodies observed in the serum of rheumatic fever patients. Without this specific knowledge, any streptococcal vaccine antigen is suspect and thus not the target for a billion-dollar investment, despite the fact that the exact role of cross-reactive antibodies in rheumatic fever is still questionable. This article will describe the development of several approaches to protect againstStreptococcus pyogenesinfections over the past several decades.
Association between cultural factors and readmissions: the mediating effect of hospital discharge practices and care-transition preparedness
Authors: Rayan-Gharra Nosaiba , Balicer Ran D. , Tadmor Boaz , Shadmi Efrat 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThe study examines whether hospital discharge practices and care-transition preparedness mediate the association between patients’ cultural factors and readmissions.MethodsA prospective study of internal medicine patients (n=599) examining a culturally diverse cohort, at a tertiary medical centre in Israel. The in-hospital baseline questionnaire included sociodemographic, cultural factors (Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, family collectivism, health literacy and minority status) and physical, mental and functional health status. A follow-up telephone survey assessed hospital discharge practices: use of the teach-back method, providers’ cultural competence, at-discharge language concordance and caregiver presence and care-transition preparedness using the care transition measure (CTM). Clinical and administrative data, including 30-day readmissions to any hospital, were retrieved from the healthcare organisation’s data warehouse. Multiple mediation was tested using Hayes’s PROCESS procedure, model 80.ResultsA total of 101 patients (17%) were readmitted within 30 days. Multiple logistic regressions indicated that all cultural factors, except for minority status, were associated with 30-day readmission when no mediators were included (p<0.05). Multiple mediation analysis indicated significant indirect effects of the cultural factors on readmission through the hospital discharge practices and CTM. Finally, when the mediators were included, strong direct and indirect effects between minority status and readmission were found (B coefficient=−0.95; p=0.021).ConclusionsThe results show that the association between patients’ cultural factors and 30-day readmission is mediated by the hospital discharge practices and care transition. Providing high-quality discharge planning tailored to patients’ cultural characteristics is associated with better care-transition preparedness, which, in turn, is associated with reduced 30-day readmissions.
Advance directives in European long-term care facilities: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Andreasen Paula , Finne-Soveri Ulla Harriet , Deliens Luc , Van den Block Lieve , Payne Sheila , Gambassi Giovanni , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D , Smets Tinne , Lilja Eero , Kijowska Violetta , Szczerbińska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundEnd-of-life care practices in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are the focus of growing attention in Europe, due to rapidly increasing number of older persons living in LTCFs. The knowledge about end-of-life discussions or existence of written advance directives in the European LTCFs is scarce. This study’s aim is to investigate the prevalence of written advance directives and their sociodemographic associates, among recently deceased LTCF residents, in six European countries.MethodsData from the European Union-funded PACE database were collected from 322 LTCFs in six European countries in 2014. The assessments were performed by using two questionnaires designed for LTCF administrative staff and for staff member.LTCFs were selected within each country by using proportional stratified random sampling procedure. Facilities with certain types and sizes were included from each country.Multilevel multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate associations between written advance directives and selected predictors.ResultsIn total, 32.5 % of the 1384 deceased LTCF residents had a written advance directive with a range from 0% to 77 % between countries. The proportion of the most common advance directive, ‘Do not resuscitate in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest (DNR)’, varied correspondingly from 0% to 75%.LTCF type (OR 2.86 95% CI 1.59 to 5.23) and capability of expressing at the time of admission (OR 3.26 95% CI 2.26 to 4.71) were the independent predictors for advance directive. Residents living in LTCFs where physician was available were less likely to have advance directive compared with residents from LTCFs where physician was not available.ConclusionExtensive differences for prevalence of written advance directive exist between countries among older LTCF residents in Europe. Timely and appropriate response to LTCF resident’s health needs and preferences efforts advance care planning.
HTX-011 reduced pain intensity and opioid consumption versus bupivacaine HCl in bunionectomy: phase III results from the randomized EPOCH 1 study
Authors: Viscusi Eugene , Gimbel Joseph S , Pollack Richard A , Hu Jia , Lee Gwo-Chin 
Published: May 2019

Background and objectivesThere is a need for local anesthetics that provide consistent analgesia through 72 hours after surgery. This study evaluates the use of HTX-011 (bupivacaine and meloxicam in Biochronomerpolymer technology), an extended-release, dual-acting local anesthetic, in reducing both postoperative pain over 72 hours and postoperative opioid use when compared with bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) and saline placebo. Inclusion of low-dose meloxicam in HTX-011 is designed to reduce local inflammation caused by surgery, potentiating the analgesic effect of bupivacaine. Previously, significant synergy has been observed with bupivacaine and meloxicam with both given locally together.MethodsEPOCH 1 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase III study in subjects undergoing a primary unilateral, distal, first metatarsal bunionectomy in which subjects received either a single intraoperative dose of HTX-011, immediate-release bupivacaine HCl or saline placebo.ResultsA total of 412 subjects were dosed. The results for the primary and all four key secondary endpoints were statistically significant in favor of HTX-011. HTX-011 demonstrated superior, sustained pain reduction through 72 hours, significantly reduced opioid consumption and resulted in significantly more opioid-free subjects compared with saline placebo and bupivacaine HCl. Safety was similar across groups with fewer opioid-related adverse events observed in the HTX-011 group.ConclusionsHTX-011 demonstrated significant reduction in postoperative pain through 72 hours with significant reduction in opioid consumption and a significant increase in the proportion of opioid-free subjects compared with saline placebo and the most widely used local anesthetic, bupivacaine HCl.Trial registration numberNCT03295721.