bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial frontal fibrosing alopecia: A cross‐sectional study of 20 cases from nine families
Authors: Porriño‐Bustamante María Librada , López‐Nevot Miguel Ángel , Aneiros‐Fernández José , García‐Lora Elena , Fernández‐Pugnaire María Antonia , Arias‐Santiago Salvador 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesFrontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a scarring alopecia whose prevalence is increasing. The pathogenesis of this disease is not well known. Genetic, environmental, hormonal and autoimmunity related factors have been considered; however, only a few cases of familial frontal fibrosing alopecia have been reported.Material and methodsA cross‐sectional study was performed at University Hospital in Granada (Spain). Twenty patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia belonging to nine different families were included, and clinical and dermoscopic features were analysed.ResultsOverall, 90% of the patients studied were women (mean age 61.4 years). About 50% of the patients had grade II frontal fibrosing alopecia at the time of diagnosis, whilst 35% had grades III or V. Mean recession was 2.83 cm in the frontal area and 1.99 cm in the temporo‐parietal area. Daughters presented a shorter recession area and earlier debut of the disease than mothers. Androgenetic alopecia was found in only two patients (10%). The dermoscopic signs most commonly found were perifollicular erythema (85%), hyperkeratosis (85%), and absence of vellus hair in the hairline (78.9%).ConclusionThis study adds to the growing evidence that there is a genetic component to frontal fibrosing alopecia. The clinical pattern of frontal fibrosing alopecia was not different from that found in non‐familial cases, but the debut of the disease in daughters of mothers with frontal fibrosing alopecia may be earlier.
Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcome in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss: Multiple imputation analyses with propensity score adjustment applied to a large‐scale birth cohort of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi , Ebara Takeshi , Yamada Yasuyuki , Shoji Naoto , Matsuki Taro , Kano Hirohisa , Kurihara Takahiro , Omori Toyonori , Tomizawa Motohiro , Miyata Maiko , Kamijima Michihiro , Saitoh Shinji ,   the Japan Environment, Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: November 2018

ProblemSeveral studies have reported the increased risk of preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, and low birth weight in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). There have been a limited number of large population‐based studies examining adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcome after RPL. Multiple‐imputed analyses (MIA) adjusting for biases due to missing data is also lacking.Method of studyA nationwide birth cohort study known as the “Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)” was conducted by the Ministry of the Environment. The subjects consisted of 104 102 registered children (including fetuses or embryos).ResultsNo increased risk of a congenital anomaly, aneuploidy, neonatal asphyxia, or a small for date infant was observed among the children from women with a history of RPL. A novel increased risk of placental adhesion and uterine infection was found. The adjusted ORs using MIA in women with three or more PL were 1.76 (95% CI, 1.04‐2.96) for a stillbirth, 1.68 (1.12‐2.52) for a pregnancy loss, 2.53 (1.17‐5.47) for placental adhesion, 1.87 (1.37‐2.55) and 1.60 (.99‐2.57) for mild and severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, respectively, 1.94 (1.06‐3.55) for uterine infection, 1.28 (1.11‐1.47) for caesarean section and .86 (.76‐.98) for a male infant.ConclusionMIA better quantified the risk, which could encourage women who might hesitate to attempt a subsequent pregnancy.
The Anti‐Democrat Diploma: How High School Education Decreases Support for the Democratic Party
Authors: Marshall John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAttending high school can alter students' life trajectories by affecting labor market prospects and through exposure to ideas and networks. However, schooling's influence competes with early socialization forces and may be confounded by selection biases. Consequently, little is known about whether or how high school education shapes downstream political preferences and voting behavior. Using a generalized difference‐in‐differences design leveraging variation in U.S. state dropout laws across cohorts, I find that raising the school dropout age decreases Democratic partisan identification and voting later in life. Instrumental variables estimates suggest that an additional completed grade of high school decreases Democratic support by around 15 percentage points among students induced to remain in school by higher dropout ages. High school's effects principally operate by increasing income and support for conservative economic policies, especially at an individual's midlife earnings peak. In contrast, such schooling does not affect conservative attitudes on noneconomic issues or political engagement.
Randomized controlled trial of mechanical bowel preparation for laparoscopy‐assisted colectomy
Authors: Mai‐Phan Anh T , Nguyen Hai , Nguyen Tin T , Nguyen Dung A , Thai Truc T 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe benefit of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before open colon surgery has been debated over the last decade. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of MBP on the outcome of patients who underwent elective laparoscopic colectomy.MethodsPatients who were scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic colon resection with primary anastomosis were randomly allocated to a preoperative MBP group (either two bottles of sodium phosphate or 2‐L polyethylene glycol) or a no‐MBP group. Anastomotic leakage and other complications such as surgical‐site infection and extra‐abdominal complications were recorded postoperatively.ResultsIn this study, 122 patients were recruited and randomly allocated to the MBP group (n = 62) or the no‐MBP group (n = 60). Demographic and clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of abdominal complications, including anastomotic leak and surgical‐site infection, was 16.2% in the MBP group and 18.3% in the no‐MBP group (P = 0.747). Anastomotic leakage occurred in four patients (6.5%) in the MBP group and in two patients (3.3%) in no‐MBP group (P = 0.680). About 29% of patients in the MBP group still had either liquid or solid content in the bowel. No significant difference was found between the length of hospital stay in the MBP group and the no‐MBP group (9.0 ± 2.9 vs 8.4 ± 1.9 days, P = 0.180).ConclusionsElective laparoscopic colectomy without MBP is safe and offers acceptable postoperative morbidity.
The ultrasound characteristics of regions identified as suspicious by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predict the likelihood of clinically significant cancer on MRI–ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy
Authors: Press Benjamin , Rosenkrantz Andrew B. , Huang Richard , Taneja Samir S. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether the presence of an ultrasound hypoechoic region at the site of a region of interest (ROI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results in improved prostate cancer (PCa) detection and predicts clinically significant PCa on MRI–ultrasonography fusion‐targeted prostate biopsy (MRF‐TB).Materials and MethodsBetween July 2011 and June 2017, 1058 men who underwent MRF‐TB, with or without systematic biopsy, by a single surgeon were prospectively entered into an institutional review board‐approved database. Each MRI ROI was identified and scored for suspicion by a single radiologist, and was prospectively evaluated for presence of a hypoechoic region at the site by the surgeon and graded as 0, 1 or 2, representing none, a poorly demarcated ROI‐HyR, or a well demarcated ROI‐HyR, respectively. The interaction of MRI suspicion score (mSS) and ultrasonography grade (USG), and the prediction of cancer detection rate by USG, were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsFor 672 men, the overall and Gleason score (GS) ≥7 cancer detection rates were 61.2% and 39.6%, respectively. The cancer detection rates for USGs 0, 1 and 2 were 46.2%, 58.6% and 76.0% (P < 0.001) for any cancer, and 18.7%, 35.2% and 61.1% (P < 0.001) for GS ≥7 cancer, respectively. For MRF‐TB only, the GS ≥7 cancer detection rates for USG 0, 1 and 2 were 12.8%, 25.7% and 52.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). On univariate analysis, in men with mSS 2–4, USG was predictive of GS ≥7 cancer detection rate. Multivariable regression analysis showed that USG, prostate‐specific antigen density and mSS were predictive of GS ≥7 PCa on MRF‐TB.ConclusionsUltrasonography findings at the site of an MRI ROI independently predict the likelihood of GS ≥7 PCa, as men with a well‐demarcated ROI‐HyR at the time of MRF‐TB have a higher risk than men without.
Glacial and environmental changes over the last 60 000 years in the Polar Ural Mountains, Arctic Russia, inferred from a high‐resolution lake record and other observations from adjacent areas
Authors: Svendsen John Inge , Færseth Lars Martin B. , Gyllencreutz Richard , Haflidason Haflidi , Henriksen Mona , Hovland Morten N. , Lohne Øystein S. , Mangerud Jan , Nazarov Dmitry , Regnéll Carl , Schaefer Joerg M. 
Published: November 2018

Our knowledge about the glaciation history in the Russian Arctic has to a large extent been based on geomorphological mapping supplemented by studies of short stratigraphical sequences found in exposed sections. Here we present new geochronological data from the Polar Ural Mountains along with a high‐resolution sediment record from Bolshoye Shchuchye, the largest and deepest lake in the mountain range. Seismic profiles show that the lake contains a 160‐m‐thick sequence of unconsolidated lacustrine sediments. A well‐dated 24‐m‐long core from the southern end of the lake spans the last 24 cal. ka. From downward extrapolation of sedimentation rates we estimate that sedimentation started about 50–60 ka ago, most likely just after a large glacier had eroded older sediments from the basin. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure dating (10Be) of boulders and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments indicate that this part of the Ural Mountains was last covered by a coherent ice‐field complex during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4. A regrowth of the glaciers took place during a late stage of MIS 3, but the central valleys remained ice free until the present. The presence of small‐ and medium‐sized glaciers during MIS 2 is reflected by a sequence of glacial varves and a high sedimentation rate in the lake basin and likewise from 10Be dating of glacial boulders. The maximum extent of the mountain glaciers during MIS 2 was attained prior to 24 cal. ka BP. Some small present‐day glaciers, which are now disappearing completely due to climate warming, were only slightly larger during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as compared to AD 1953. A marked decrease in sedimentation rate around 18–17 cal. ka BP indicates that the glaciers then became smaller and probably disappeared altogether around 15–14 cal. ka BP.
Th2 cell differentiation from naive CD4+ T cells is enhanced by autocrine CC chemokines in atopic diseases
Authors: Hirata Hirokuni , Yukawa Tatsuo , Tanaka Ayae , Miyao Tomoyuki , Fukuda Takeshi , Fukushima Yasutsugu , Kurasawa Kazuhiro , Arima Masafumi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundChemokines are involved not only in regulating leucocyte recruitment, but also in other activities. However, functions other than cell recruitment remain poorly understood. We have already shown that the production of CC chemokine ligand (CCL)17 and CCL22 by antigen‐stimulated naïve CD4+ T cells was higher in asthmatic patients than in healthy controls. However, the role of these chemokines in stimulated naïve CD4+ T cells remains unclear.ObjectiveTo clarify the biological function of CCL17 and CCL22 on naïve CD4+ T, we examined effects of these two chemokines on naïve CD4+ T cells expressing CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 (a receptor for CCL17 and CCL22) during differentiation of Th2 cells in asthmatic patients as allergic subjects.MethodsNaïve CD4+ T cells were prepared from healthy controls and patients with asthma. We analysed effect of CCL17 and CCL22, and blocking their receptor on differentiation of Th2 cells.ResultsProduction of CCL17 and CCL22 by activated naive CD4+ T cells under Th2 condition was much more in asthmatic patients than in healthy controls. Proliferation and survival of the Th2 differentiating cells and restimulation‐induced IL‐4 production were much greater in asthmatic patients than in healthy controls. These cell biological phenomena were inhibited by blockade of CCR4. The biological effects of exogenous CCL17 and CCL22 were apparently observed in both healthy controls and asthmatic patients. The effectiveness of these chemokines on naïve CD4+ T cells from healthy controls was stronger than those from asthmatic patients. We found that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a Th2 promoting chemokine, is involved in the activation of CD4+ naïve T cells via production of CCL17 and CCL22.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese data suggest that CCL17 and CCL22 produced by TSLP‐primed naïve CD4+ T cells in asthma might contribute to an increase in Th2 cells via autocrine loops.
The immunopathogenesis of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Brown M , O’Reilly S 
Published: November 2018

SummarySystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic systemic autoimmune disease. It is characterized by a triad of hallmarks: immune dysfunction, fibrosis and vasculopathy. Immune dysfunction in SSc is characterized by the activation and recruitment of immune cells and the production of autoantibodies and cytokines. How immune abnormalities link the fibrosis and vasculopathy in SSc is poorly understood. A plethora of immune cell types are implicated in the immunopathogenesis of SSc, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, mast cells and macrophages. How these different cell types interact to contribute to SSc is complicated, and can involve cell-to-cell interactions and communication via cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-4. We will attempt to review significant and recent research demonstrating the importance of immune cell regulation in the immunopathogenesis of SSc with a particular focus on fibrosis.
Causes of childhood low vision and blindness in New Zealand
Authors: Chong CheeFoong , McGhee Charles N. J. , Dai Shuan H. 
Published: November 2018

ImportanceThis is the first national study on childhood visual impairment in a developed nation, New Zealand, describing prevalence, aetiology and preventable causes of low vision and blindness in children.BackgroundCauses of childhood blindness vary between regions. This study aimed to present region‐specific data on epidemiology of childhood blindness affecting a developed nation, New Zealand.DesignRetrospective data analysis.ParticipantsAll children enrolled with the Blind and Low Vision Education Network New Zealand (BLENNZ) with best‐corrected visual acuity ≤6/18, or binocular visual field <10°.Methods1000 out of 1321 children with visual impairment enrolled with BLENNZ were included. The principal cause of visual loss was determined, and the severity of visual loss categorized as low vision, or blindness according to the World Health Organization criteria.Main Outcome MeasuresMain outcome measures were degree of visual impairment, aetiology of visual impairment and treatment modalities for visual rehabilitation.ResultsThe calculated prevalence of childhood blindness and low vision was 0.05% and 0.06%. Principle causes of blindness were cortical visual impairment (31.5%), optic nerve atrophy (16.5%) and optic nerve hypoplasia (9.0%). The main preventable causes of blindness were neonatal trauma/asphyxia (31.5%), retinopathy of prematurity (18.2%) and non‐accidental injury (10.3%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis is the first national report on prevalence of childhood low vision and blindness in New Zealand. The prevalence and leading causes of low vision and blindness found in this study were comparable to other developed nations; however, preventable causes of low vision and blindness appeared unique to New Zealand.
Sensitization to fragrances in Spain: A 5‐year multicentre study (2011‐2015)
Authors: Silvestre Juan F. , Mercader Pedro , González‐Pérez Ricardo , Hervella‐Garcés Marcos , Sanz‐Sánchez Tatiana , Córdoba Susana , Sánchez‐Pérez Javier , Heras‐Mendoza Felipe , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. , Gatica‐Ortega María E. , Pastor‐NIeto María A. , Zaragoza Violeta , Carrascosa Jose M. , García‐Bravo Begoña , Ruiz‐González Inmaculada , Borrego Leopoldo , Sánchez‐Pedreño Paloma , de Frutos Javier O. , Armario‐Hita Jose C. , García‐Gavín Juan , Fernández‐Redondo Virginia 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundFragrance chemicals constitute the second most frequent cause of contact allergy in Spain. There are no data available concerning the individual fragrances that are most frequently involved.ObjectivesTo describe the diagnostic contribution provided by specific fragrance series to the results obtained with baseline series fragrance markers by correlating the results of both series.Materials and methodsWe performed a 5‐year retrospective study of fragrance marker‐positive patients tested with specific fragrance series in 23 Spanish centres. We collected the demographic and clinical characteristics, and compared the results of patch tests obtained from different suppliers.ResultsOf 19 588 patients patch tested with the Spanish baseline series, 1590 (8.1%) reacted positively to a fragrance marker. Of these, 1013 (63.7%) were patch tested with a fragrance series, and 664 patients reacted positively to at least one individual fragrance other than hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde. Geraniol was the most frequent allergen. Positive reactions to substances not included in fragrance mix (FM) I or FM II were found in 230 patients. Of the 436 FM I‐positive patients and the 419 FM II‐positive patients, 184 (42%) and 64 (39.1%), respectively, had no positive reactions to fragrance series. In the case of FM I, negative results were more common when individual fragrances were patch tested at low concentrations.ConclusionsWe recommend patch testing all patients positive for any fragrance marker with a specific fragrance series. The correlation between the results of baseline series and fragrance series could be improved by increasing the concentrations of individual fragrances.
Implementation of a transition model to adult care may not be enough to improve results: National study of kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kosola Silja , Ylinen Elisa , Finne Patrik , Rönnholm Kai , Ortiz Fernanda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAdolescents with a kidney transplant (KT) require special attention during the transition of care. Few longitudinal studies have assessed the effect of transition models (TM) on patient outcomes. Between 1986 and 2013, 239 pediatric patients underwent KT in Finland, of whom 132 have been transferred to adult care. In 2005, a TM was developed following international recommendations. We compared patient (PS) and graft survival (GS) rates before and after the introduction of the TM. PS and GS at 10 years were similar before and after the implementation of the TM (PS 85% and 90% respectively, P = 0.626; GS 60% and 58%, respectively, P = 0.656). GS was lower in patients transplanted at age 10‐18 than in patients transplanted at a younger age in the TM cohort (79% vs 95%, P < 0.001). During the first five years after transfer, 63% of patients had stable KT function, 13% had deteriorating function and 24% lost their KT. Altogether 32 out of 132 patients lost their kidney allograft within five years after transfer to adult care (13 before and 19 after TM implementation, P = 0.566). The implementation of this TM had no effect on PS or GS. Further measures to improve our TM are in progress.
Climate change may have minor impact on zooplankton functional diversity in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Benedetti Fabio , Ayata Sakina‐Dorothée , Irisson Jean‐Olivier , Adloff Fanny , Guilhaumon François 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of climate change on the functional diversity of marine zooplankton communities.LocationThe Mediterranean Sea.MethodsWe used the functional traits and geographic distributions of 106 copepod species to estimate the zooplankton functional diversity of Mediterranean surface assemblages for the 1965–1994 and 2069–2098 periods. Multiple environmental niche models were trained at the global scale to project the species habitat suitability in the Mediterranean Sea and assess their sensitivity to climate change predicted by several scenarios. Simultaneously, the species traits were used to compute a functional dendrogram from which we identified seven functional groups and estimated functional diversity through Faith's index. We compared the measured functional diversity to the one originated from null models to test if changes in functional diversity were solely driven by changes in species richness.ResultsAll but three of the 106 species presented range contractions of varying intensity. A relatively low decrease of species richness (−7.42 on average) is predicted for 97% of the basin, with higher losses in the eastern regions. Relative sensitivity to climate change is not clustered in functional space and does not significantly vary across the seven copepod functional groups defined. Changes in functional diversity follow the same pattern and are not different from those that can be expected from changes in richness alone.Main conclusionsClimate change is not expected to alter copepod functional traits distribution in the Mediterranean Sea, as the most and the least sensitive species are functionally redundant. Such redundancy should buffer the loss of ecosystem functions in Mediterranean zooplankton assemblages induced by climate change. Because the most negatively impacted species are affiliated to temperate regimes and share Atlantic biogeographic origins, our results are in line with the hypothesis of increasingly more tropical Mediterranean communities.
Experimental warming disrupts reproduction and dung burial by a ball‐rolling dung beetle
Authors: Holley Jean M. , Andrew Nigel R. 
Published: November 2018

1. Insects are sensitive to climate change. Consequently, insect‐mediated ecosystem functions and services may be altered by changing climates.2. Dung beetles provide multiple services by burying manure. Using climate‐controlled chambers, the effects of warming on dung burial and reproduction by the dung beetle Sisyphus rubrus Paschalidis, 1974 were investigated. Sisyphus rubrus break up dung by forming and rolling away balls of manure for burial and egg deposition.3. To simulate warming in the chambers, 0, 2 or 4 °C offsets were added to field‐recorded, diurnally fluctuating temperatures. We measured dung ball production and burial, egg laying, survival and residence times of beetles.4. Temperature did not affect the size or number of dung balls produced; however warming reduced dung ball burial by S. rubrus. Because buried balls were more likely to contain eggs, warming could reduce egg laying via a reduction in ball burial. Warming reduced the humidity inside the chambers, and a positive relationship was found between the number of dung balls produced and humidity in two temperature treatments. Temperature did not affect survival, or whether or not a beetle left a chamber. Beetles that did leave the chambers took longer to do so in the warmest treatment.5. This study demonstrates that climate warming could reduce reproduction and dung burial by S. rubrus, and is an important first step to understanding warming effects on burial services. Future studies should assess warming effects in field situations, both on individual dung beetle species and on aggregate dung burial services.