bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
γ-Linolenic acid increases expression of key regulators of lipid metabolism in human skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Baker L.A , Martin N.R.W , Player D.J , Lewis M.P 
Published: April 2019

AbstractControl of skeletal muscle fat metabolism is regulated acutely through Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) δ activation and its downstream intracellular targets. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fatty acids with high binding affinity for PPARδ can elevate the expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation and indicators of mitochondrial biogenesis in cultured human skeletal myotubes. Myotubes were treated for 72 hours with one of four conditions: (i) Control (CON); (ii) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 250μM); (iii) γ-linolenic acid (γ-LA 250μM); (iv) PPARδ Agonist (GW501516 10nM). Incubation with γ-LA induced increases in the gene expression of CD36 (p= 0.005), HADHA (p= 0.022) and PDK4 (p=0.025) in comparison with CON, with no further differences observed between conditions. Furthermore, intensity of MitoTracker® Red immunostaining in myotubes increased following incubation with γ-LA (p≤ 0.001) and EPA (p= 0.005) however these trends were not mirrored in the expression of PGC-1α as might be expected. Overall, γ-LA elevates levels the transcription of key intracellular regulators of lipid metabolism and transport in human myotubes, which may be clinically beneficial in the control of metabolic diseases.
Multiple Long-read Sequencing Survey of Herpes Simplex Virus Lytic Transcriptome
Authors: Tombácz Dóra , Balázs Zsolt , Gulyás Gábor , Csabai Zsolt , Boldogkoi Miklós , Snyder Michael , Boldogkoi Zsolt 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTLong-read sequencing (LRS) has become increasingly important in RNA research due to its strength in resolving complex transcriptomic architectures. In this regard, currently two LRS platforms have demonstrated adequate performance: the Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and the nanopore sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Even though these techniques produce lower coverage and are more error prone than short-read sequencing, they continue to be more successful in identifying transcript isoforms including polycistronic and multi-spliced RNA molecules, as well as transcript overlaps. Recent reports have successfully applied LRS for the investigation of the transcriptome of viruses belonging to various families. These studies have substantially increased the number of previously known viral RNA molecules. In this work, we used the Sequel and MinION technique from PacBio and ONT, respectively, to characterize the lytic transcriptome of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In most samples, we analyzed the poly(A) fraction of the transcriptome, but we also performed random oligonucleotide-based sequencing. Besides cDNA sequencing, we also carried out native RNA sequencing. Our investigations identified more than 160 previously undetected transcripts, including coding and non-coding RNAs, multi-splice transcripts, as well as polycistronic and complex transcripts. Furthermore, we determined previously unsubstantiated transcriptional start sites, polyadenylation sites, and splice sites. A large number of novel transcriptional overlaps were also detected. Random-primed sequencing revealed that each convergent gene pair produces non-polyadenylated read-through RNAs overlapping the partner genes. Furthermore, we identified novel replication-associated transcripts overlapping the HSV-1 replication origins, and novel LAT variants with very long 5’ regions, which are co-terminal with the LAT-0.7kb transcript. Overall, our results demonstrated that the HSV-1 transcripts form an extremely complex pattern of overlaps, and that entire viral genome is transcriptionally active. In most viral genes, if not in all, both DNA strands are expressed.
Nectar- and stigma-specific expression of a chitinase could partially protect against fire blight in certain apples
Authors: Kurilla Anita , Toth Timea , Dorgai Laszlo , Darula Zsuzsanna , Lakatos Tamas , Silhavy Daniel , Kerenyi Zoltan , Dallmann Geza 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo attract pollinators many angiosperms secrete stigma exudate and nectar in their flowers. As these nutritious fluids are ideal infection points for pathogens, both secretions contain various antimicrobial compounds. Erwinia amylovora, the causing bacterium of the devastating fire blight apple disease, is the model pathogen that multiplies in flower secretions and infects through the nectaries. Although Erwinia resistant apples are not available, certain cultivars are tolerant. It was reported that in stigma infection assay, the ‘Freedom’ cultivar was Erwinia tolerant while the ‘Jonagold’ was susceptible. We hypothesized that differences in the nectar protein compositions lead to different susceptibility. Indeed we found that an acidic chitinase III protein (Machi3-1) selectively accumulates in the nectar and stigma of the ‘Freedom’ cultivar. We demonstrate that MYB binding site containing repeats of the ‘Freedom’ Machi3-1 promoter are responsible for the strong nectar- and stigma-specific expression. As we found that in vitro the Machi3-1 protein impairs growth and biofilm formation of Erwinia at physiological concentration, we propose that the Machi3-1 contribute to the tolerance by inhibiting Erwinia multiplication in the stigma exudate and in the nectar. We show that the Machi3-1 allele was introgressed from Malus floribunda 821 into different apple cultivars including the ‘Freedom’.HighlightCertain apple cultivars accumulate to high levels in their nectar and stigma an acidic chitinase III protein that can protect against pathogens including fire blight disease causing Erwinia amylovora
ADHD symptoms map onto noise-driven structure-function decoupling between hub and peripheral brain regions
Authors: Hearne Luke J. , Lin Hsiang-Yuan , Sanz-Leon Paula , Tseng Wen-Yih Isaac , Gau Susan Shur-Fen , Roberts James A. , Cocchi Luca 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdults with childhood-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show altered whole-brain connectivity. However, the relationship between structural and functional brain abnormalities, the implications for the development of life-long debilitating symptoms, and the underlying mechanisms remain uncharted. We recruited a unique sample of 80 medication-naive adults with a clinical diagnosis of childhood-onset ADHD without psychiatric comorbidities, and 123 age-, sex-, and intelligence-matched healthy controls. Structural and functional connectivity matrices were derived from diffusion spectrum imaging and multi-echo resting-state functional MRI data. Hub, feeder, and local connections were defined using diffusion data. Individual-level measures of structural connectivity and structure-function coupling were used to contrast groups and link behavior to brain abnormalities. Computational modeling was used to test possible neural mechanisms underpinning observed group differences in the structure-function coupling. Structural connectivity did not significantly differ between groups but, relative to controls, ADHD showed a reduction in structure-function coupling in feeder connections linking hubs with peripheral regions. This abnormality involved connections linking fronto-parietal control systems with sensory networks. Crucially, lower structure-function coupling was associated with higher ADHD symptoms. Results from our computational model further suggest that the observed structure-function decoupling in ADHD is driven by heterogeneity in neural noise variability across brain regions. By highlighting a neural cause of a clinically meaningful breakdown in the structure-function relationship, our work provides novel information on the nature of chronic ADHD. The current results encourage future work assessing the genetic and neurobiological underpinnings of neural noise in ADHD, particularly in brain regions encompassed by fronto-parietal systems.
Bean yellow mosaic virus infecting broad bean in the green belt of Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Rodríguez Pardina Patricia , Nome Claudia , Reyna Pablo , Muñoz Nacira , Argüello Caro Evangelina , Luque Andrés , Debat Humberto Julio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBroad bean (Vicia faba L) is the fourth most important pulse crop in the world. In Argentina, broad bean production was of 1,841 hectares and 16,500 tons during the 2017 growing season. Broad bean is commonly used in rotations; especially by farmers located in “green belts” that are peri-urban areas surrounding large cities that include horticultural family farms. Plants showing marked foliar mosaic symptoms, typical of viral infection, were collected during the 2015 growing season in the green belt of Córdoba city, Argentina. Preparations of symptomatic tissues were mechanically inoculated onto healthy broad bean plants in the greenhouse, which developed symptoms similar to those observed in the field. In addition, symptomatic samples were positive when tested by indirect ELISA with the anti-potyvirus group monoclonal antibody. Further, flexuous filamentous particles typical of potyviruses were observed under the electronic microscope on dip preparations. Lastly, total RNA was extracted from a symptomatic leaf and high-throughput sequenced, which allowed the assembly of a single virus sequence corresponding to a new highly divergent strain of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). Phylogenetic insights clustered this Argentinean broad bean isolate (BYMV-ARGbb) within group IX of BYMV. Given the economical importance of this virus and its associated disease, the results presented here are a pivotal first step oriented to explore the eventual incidence and epidemiological parameters of BYMV in broad bean in Argentina.
A conserved protein, BcmA, mediates motility, biofilm formation, and host colonisation in Adherent InvasiveEscherichia coli
Authors: Cogger-Ward Robert , Collins Adam , McLean Denise , Dehinsilu Jacob , Huett Alan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdherent InvasiveEscherichia coli(AIEC) is a non-diarrhoeagenic intestinalE. colipathotype associated with Crohn’s Disease. AIEC pathogenesis is characterised by biofilm formation, adhesion to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, and intracellular replication within epithelial cells and macrophages. Here, we identify and characterise a protein in the prototypical AIEC strain LF82 which is required for efficient biofilm formation and dispersal – LF82_p314. LF82 ΔLF82_314have defective swimming and swarming motility, indicating LF82_p314 is important for flagellar-mediated motility, and thus surface colonisation and biofilm dispersal. Flagellar morphology and chemotaxis in liquid appear unaffected by deletion ofLF82_314, suggesting LF82_p314 does not elicit an effect on flagella biogenesis or environmental sensing. Flagellar motility has been implicated in AIEC virulence, therefore we assessed the role of LF82_p314 in host colonisation using aCaenorhabditis elegansmodel. We found that LF82 ΔLF82_314have an impaired ability to colonise theC. eleganscompared to wild-type LF82. Phylogenetic analysis showed thatLF82_314is conserved in several major enterobacterial pathogens, and suggests the gene may have been acquired horizontally in several genera. Our data suggests LF82_p314 may be a novel component in the flagellar motility pathway and is a novel determinant of AIEC colonisation. Our findings have potential implications not only for the pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease, but also for the course of infection in several major bacterial pathogens. We propose a new designation forLF82_314,biofilmcoupled tomotilityA, orbcmA.Author summaryAdherent InvasiveEscherichia coli(AIEC) are a group of bacteria implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with no cure. Critical to the process of many bacterial infections is the ability of bacteria to swim towards and colonise the host surface using specialised, propeller-like appendages called flagella. In this paper, we describe a novel protein – LF82_p314 (BcmA) – which is required for efficient flagella-mediated motility and surface colonisation in AIEC. Using a nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) infection model, we show that LF82_p314 enables effective colonisation of theC. elegansgut, suggesting a role for the protein during human infection. These findings indicate BcmA is significant for initial colonisation of the human gut by AIEC, and therefore the onset of Crohn’s Disease.
Differences in state- and district-level stakeholders’ perceptions of curriculum coherence and school impact in national curriculum reform
Authors: Sullanmaa Jenni , Pyhältö Kirsi , Pietarinen Janne , Soini Tiina 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Shared understandings of curriculum reform within and between the levels of the educational system are suggested to be crucial for the reform to take root. The purpose of this paper is to explore variation in perceived curriculum coherence and school impact among state- and district-level stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
The participants (n=666) included state- and district-level stakeholders involved in a national curriculum reform in Finland. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify profiles based on participants’ perceptions of the core curriculum’s coherence and the reform’s impact on school development.

Findings
Two profiles were identified: high coherence and impact, and lower consistency of the intended direction and impact. State-level stakeholders had higher odds of belonging to the high coherence and impact profile than their district-level counterparts.

Practical implications
The results imply that more attention needs to be paid in developing a shared and coherent understanding particularly of the intended direction of the core curriculum as well as the reform’s effects on school-level development among state- and district-level stakeholders.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the literature on curriculum reform by shedding light on the variation in perceived curriculum coherence and school impact of those responsible for a large-scale national curriculum reform process at different levels of the educational system.
“Walking the talk” in times of recession: the case of corporate social responsibility in Greece
Authors: Papacharalampous Nikolaos , Papadimitriou Dimitra , Anagnostopoulos Christos 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThis study aims to examine the actions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) at a national business context that is firmly defined by prolonged financial crisis. It does so by using a critical view on CSR disclosures in an attempt to get to the heart of the real matter of CSR, from both a thematic content and strategic orientation perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a sample of 50 firms that operate in the Greek market and belong to the most significant sectors of the national economy. Their CSR disclosures are content-analyzed, providing a body of 836 pragmatic CSR actions.FindingsThe key findings of the study denote differences among the examined sectors, with banks and financial services being the most active in terms of CSR actions. Regarding the thematic content, firms choose mainly to implement actions with a societal character, while in terms of strategic orientation, they opt for CSR actions that serve existing cause-related programs without any brand presence. Moreover, profound interest appears for the external business environment, whereas the number of CSR actions with employees’ participation is limited.Practical implicationsThe study offers a descriptive account of the actual CSR engagement in Greece amid a prolonged downturn, thus shedding light on the current CSR trends and deficits and helping decision makers embed CSR as an integral part of their business operation.Originality/valueDuring adverse economic conditions, this study captures potential discrepancies between the “walk” (doing) and the “talk” (self-reporting) of CSR. In so doing, it contributes to CSR literature by exploring both the “what” and the “how” these actions are implemented.
Progression to intermediate level courses; is a “pass” enough?
Authors: Beatson Nicola J. , Berg David A.G. , Smith Jeffrey K. , Smith-Han Christine 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the impact of a rule that affects tertiary students progressing from an introductory level finance course to intermediate level. The rule restricted students from progressing until they achieved a higher grade than just a “pass” mark.Design/methodology/approachArchival data were gathered from 11 semesters regarding student performance pre and post the rule being introduced.FindingsResults show that the rule was associated with an increase in the chances of success at intermediate level for those students enrolled after the rule was introduced.Practical implicationsThis paper’s main contribution regards the evidence that increasing prior learning at an introductory level has a positive follow-on effect for students learning at intermediate level. This has a practical implication for educators, as the rule has shown to increase the chance of success for knowledge development in the first year of studies.Originality/valueThe setting for this paper is unique and could potentially be replicated elsewhere. In 1980, Schaffer and Calkins called for an evaluation of the pre-requisites necessary for finance education at the tertiary level, and this paper answer this call stating that pre-requisites can contribute to the academic success of finance students.
KiwiSaver fund performance and asset allocation policy
Authors: Dieu Dang Huong 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the performance and benchmark asset allocation policy of 70 KiwiSaver funds catergorised as growth, balanced or conservative over the period October 2007-June 2016. The study focuses on the sources for returns variability across time and returns variation among funds.

Design/methodology/approach
Each fund is benchmarked against a portfolio of eight indices representing eight invested asset classes. Three measures were used to examine the after-fee benchmark-adjusted performance of each fund: excess return, cumulative abnormal return and holding period returns difference. Tracking error and active share were used to capture manager’s benchmark deviation.

Findings
On average, funds underperform their respective benchmarks, with the mean quarterly excess return (after management fees) of −0.15 per cent (growth), −0.63 per cent (balanced) and −0.83 per cent (conservative). Benchmark returns variability, on average, explains 43-78 per cent of fund’s across-time returns variability, and this is primarily driven by fund’s exposures to global capital markets. Differences in benchmark policies, on average, account for 18.8-39.3 per cent of among-fund returns variation, while differences in fees and security selection may explain the rest. About 61 per cent of balanced and 47 per cent of Growth funds’ managers make selection bets against their benchmarks. There is no consistent evidence that more actively managed funds deliver higher after-fee risk-adjusted performance. Superior performance is often due to randomness.

Originality/value
This study makes use of a unique data set gathered directly from KiwiSaver managers and captures the long-term strategic asset allocation target which underlines the investment management process in reality. The study represents the first attempt to examine the impact of benchmark asset allocation policy on KiwiSaver fund’s returns variability across time and returns variation among funds.
“Getting freaky with the founders”
Authors: Hensley Matthew A. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share with social science educators a coherent framework for implementing Hamilton: An American Musical into their classrooms, while also supporting the wider objective of leveraging music to foster disciplinary literacy skills and culturally relevant practices. The framework is a construct that draws on author’s previous teaching experience and its purpose is to inform and support teachers’ practice.

Design/methodology/approach
The author first highlights literature focused on the effectiveness of using music in the social science classroom as a response to author’s own teaching experience using Hamilton: An American Musical, then hones in on the impact of hip-hop music specifically. Finally, the author unites Pellegrino’s (2013) models (close reading, inquiry, student discovery and creative development) to songs from Miranda’s Hamilton to provide pedagogical strategies and examples that are ready to be implemented in the Secondary US History Classroom.

Findings
Lin Manuel Miranda’s portrayal of Hamilton and his historical compatriots as ethnically diverse, combustible and provocative figures bring to life experiences that are unexpectedly and uniquely American, connecting with current generations, while remaining anchored in history (Mason, 2017). The success and relatability of Miranda’s Hamilton and this time-warped story of the founding fathers has led social studies teachers to explore ways to use the music, dialogue and messages in their classrooms.

Originality/value
While many lesson examples related to Lin Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton have proliferated online, there remains a lack of pedagogical coherence to help teachers extend this work as part of a larger framework of practice designed to support teaching and learning through music. The author strives to provide social science educators a strategic, adaptable and ready-to-use framework for implementing Miranda’s Hamilton: An American Musical into their classrooms.
Comparison of bioethanol and beta‐galactosidase production by Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces strains grown in cheese whey
Authors: Alves Érika de Pádua , Morioka Luiz Rodrigo Ito , Suguimoto Hélio Hiroshi 
Published: April 2019

The production of ethanol and beta‐galactosidase by Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces fragilis strains grown in cheese whey was evaluated. The conditions for fermentation in 50 g/L (3.3% lactose) and 150 g/L (8.8% lactose) cheese whey were 100 rpm for 24 h at 30, 35 and 40 °C. Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 in 8.8% lactose at 40 °C resulted in 3.90% ethanol. Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 3172 showed higher beta‐galactosidase, 1.10 U/mg, at 30 °C. Therefore, the choice of cultivation conditions and the most suitable species is important for obtaining high yields of the products of interest.