bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The preferences of potential stakeholders in psychiatric genomic research regarding consent procedures and information delivery
Authors: Sundby Anna , Boolsen Merete Watt , Burgdorf Kristoffer Sølvsten , Ullum Henrik , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Middleton Anna , Mors Ole 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground:Genomic sequencing plays an increasing role in genetic research, also in psychiatry. This raises challenges concerning the validity and type of the informed consent and the return of incidental findings. However, no solution currently exists on the best way to obtain the informed consent and deliver findings to research subjects.Aims:This study aims to explore the attitudes among potential stakeholders in psychiatric genomic research toward the consenting procedure and the delivery of incidental findings.Methods:We developed a cross-sectional web-based survey among five groups of stakeholders. A total of 2637 stakeholders responded: 241 persons with a mental disorder, 671 relatives, 1623 blood donors, 74 psychiatrists, and 28 clinical geneticists.Results:The stakeholders wanted active involvement as 92.7% preferred a specific consent and 85.1% wanted to receive information through a dynamic consent procedure. The majority of stakeholders preferred to receive genomic information related to serious or life-threatening health conditions through direct contact (69.5%) with a health professional, i.e. face-to-face consultation or telephone consultation (82.4%). Persons with mental disorders and relatives did not differ in their attitudes from the other stakeholder groups.Conclusion:The findings illustrate that the stakeholders want to be more actively involved and consider consent as a reciprocal transaction between the involved subjects and the researchers in the project. The results highlight the importance of collaboration between researchers and clinical geneticists as the latter are trained, through their education and clinical experience, to return and explain genomic data to patients, relatives, and research subjects.
First episode psychosis and comorbid ADHD, autism and intellectual disability
Authors: Strålin Pontus , Hetta Jerker 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground:Comorbidity between neurodevelopmental disorders and psychotic disorders is common, but little is known about how neurodevelopmental disorders influence the presentation and outcome of first episode psychosis.Methods:A nation-wide cohort (n = 2091) with a first hospitalization for psychosis between 2007–2011 and at ages between 16–25 at intake was identified from Swedish population registries. Comorbid diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders were identified at first psychosis hospitalization and for ADHD also by dispensations of psychostimulants before the first psychosis hospitalization.Data from the registers on hospitalizations and dispensations of antipsychotic and psychostimulant medications during the year before and 2 years after the first psychosis hospitalization were analysed. Self-harm and substance use disorders were identified by ICD10 codes at hospitalizations.Results:2.5% of the cohort was identified with a diagnosis of intellectual disability, 5.0% with autism and 8.1% with ADHD. A larger proportion of cases with Autism (OR = 1.8, p < 0.05) and intellectual disability (OR = 3.1, p < 0.01) were using antipsychotic medication year 2 compared to the rest of the cohort. Delusional disorder was more common in the autism group (OR = 2.3, p < 0.05) at first psychosis hospitalization. ADHD was associated with higher risks for substance use disorders and self-harm both before and after the first psychosis hospitalization. Year 2 substance use disorder had a OR = 2.6 (p < 0.001) and self-harm OR = 4.1 (p < 0.001).Conclusions:Psychosis with comorbid ADHD is associated with high risks for substance use disorders and for self-harm, while psychosis with comorbid autism and intellectual disability is associated with longer treatment and higher doses of antipsychotic medication.
Early life adversity blunts responses to pioglitazone in depressed, overweight adults
Authors: Robakis Thalia K. , Watson-Lin Kathleen , Wroolie Tronita E. , Myoraku Alison , Nasca Carla , Bigio Benedetta , McEwen Bruce , Rasgon Natalie L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurpose:Early life adversity is associated with both metabolic impairment and depression in adulthood, as well as with poorer responses to antidepressant medications. It is not yet known whether individual differences in sensitivity to antidiabetic medications could also be related to early life adversity. We examined whether a history of early life adversity affected the observed changes in metabolic function and depressive symptoms in a randomized trial of pioglitazone for augmentation of standard treatments for depression.Purpose:Early life adversity is associated with both metabolic impairment and depression in adulthood, as well as with poorer responses to antidepressant medications. It is not yet known whether individual differences in sensitivity to antidiabetic medications could also be related to early life adversity. We examined whether a history of early life adversity affected the observed changes in metabolic function and depressive symptoms in a randomized trial of pioglitazone for augmentation of standard treatments for depression.Findings:We found that early life adversity significantly impaired the metabolic response to pioglitazone. Effects on depressive symptoms did not reach significance, but nonetheless suggested that pioglitazone could mitigate the depressant effects of childhood adversity, only among those insulin resistant at baseline.Conclusions:We conclude that a history of early life adversity may impair the body’s ability to respond to insulin sensitizing pharmacotherapy, and furthermore that its contribution to resistant depression may function in part via the generation of an insulin resistant phenotype.
Shank3B mutant mice display pitch discrimination enhancements and learning deficits
Authors: Rendall Amanda R. , Perrino Peter A. , Buscarello Alexzandrea N. , Fitch R. Holly 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a core set of atypical behaviors in social‐communicative and repetitive‐motor domains. Individual profiles are widely heterogeneous and include language skills ranging from nonverbal to hyperlexic. The causal mechanisms underlying ASD remain poorly understood but appear to include a complex combination of polygenic and environmental risk factors. SHANK3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3) is one of a subset of well‐replicated ASD‐risk genes (i.e., genes demonstrating ASD associations in multiple studies), with haploinsufficiency of SHANK3 following deletion or de novo mutation seen in about 1% of non‐syndromic ASD. SHANK3 is a synaptic scaffolding protein enriched in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. In order to more closely evaluate the contribution of SHANK3 to neurodevelopmental expression of ASD, a knockout mouse model with a mutation in the PDZ domain was developed. Initial research showed compulsive/repetitive behaviors and impaired social interactions in these mice, replicating two core ASD features. The current study was designed to further examine Shank3B heterozygous and homozygous knockout mice for behaviors that might map onto atypical language in ASD (e.g., auditory processing, and learning/memory). We report findings of repetitive and atypical aggressive social behaviors (replicating prior reports), novel evidence that Shank3B KO mice have atypical auditory processing (low‐level enhancements that might have a direct relationship with heightened pitch discrimination seen in ASD), as well as robust learning impairments.
Fish consumption in early pregnancy and congenital gastrointestinal tract atresia in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Michikawa Takehiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ono Masaji , Kuroda Tatsuo , Nakayama Shoji F. , Suda Eiko , Isobe Tomohiko , Iwai-Shimada Miyuki , Kobayashi Yayoi , Tamura Kenji , Yonemoto Junzo , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Nitta Hiroshi ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests that the aetiology of congenital gastrointestinal (GI) tract atresia is multifactorial, and not based solely on genetic factors. However, there are no established modifiable risk factors for congenital GI tract atresia. We used data from a Japanese nationwide birth cohort study launched in 2011, and examined whether fish consumption in early pregnancy was associated with congenital GI tract atresia. We analysed data of 89 495 women (mean age at delivery=31·2 years) who delivered singleton live births without chromosomal anomalies. Based on the results of the FFQ, we estimated the daily intake of fish and n-3 PUFA consumption in early pregnancy. We defined a composite outcome (oesophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, jejunoileal atresia and/or anorectal malformation) as congenital GI tract atresia. In this population, median fish intake was 31·9 g/d, and seventy-four cases of congenital GI tract atresia were identified. Fish consumption in early pregnancy was inversely associated with the composite outcome (multivariable-adjusted OR for the high v. low consumption category=0·5, 95 % CI 0·3, 1·0). For all the specific types of atresia, decreased OR were observed in the high consumption category, although not statistically significant. Reduced atresia occurrence was observed even beyond the US Food and Drug Administration’s recommended consumption of no more than 340 g/week. Also, n-3 PUFA-rich fish and n-3 PUFA consumptions tended to be inversely associated with atresia. Fish consumption in early pregnancy may be a preventive factor for congenital GI tract atresia.
Screening of reference genes using real-time quantitative PCR for gene expression studies inNeoseiulus barkeriHughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Wang C. , Yang J. , Pan Q. , Yu S. , Luo R. , Liu H. , Li H. , Cong L. , Ran C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA stable reference gene is a key prerequisite for accurate assessment of gene expression. At present, the real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction has been widely used in the analysis of gene expression in a variety of organisms.Neoseiulus barkeriHughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a major predator of mites on many important economically crops. Until now, however, there are no reports evaluating the stability of reference genes in this species. In view of this, we used GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder software tools to evaluate the expression stability of 11 candidate reference genes in developmental stages and under various abiotic stresses. According to our results, β-ACTandHsp40were the top two stable reference genes in developmental stages. TheHsp60andHsp90were the most stable reference genes in various acaricides stress. For alterations in temperature,Hsp40and α-TUBwere the most suitable reference genes. About UV stress,EF1α and α-TUBwere the best choice, and for the different prey stress, β-ACTand α-TUBwere best suited. In normal conditions, the β-ACT and α-TUB were the two of the highest stable reference genes to respond to all kinds of stresses. The current study provided a valuable foundation for the further analysis of gene expression inN. barkeri.
The Domestic Politics of World Power: Explaining Debates over the United States Battleship Fleet, 1890–91
Authors: Fordham Benjamin O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe United States' 1890–91 decision to begin building a battleship fleet, an important point in its development as a world power, can illuminate the domestic sources of foreign policy ambition. An analysis of roll-call votes in the House of Representatives indicates that socioeconomic divisions arising from industrialization strongly influenced support and opposition to the battleship fleet. This relationship worked mainly through trade policy interests: members of Congress from import-competing states tended to support the effort, while those from export-oriented states tended to oppose it. The patriotic symbolism of battleships at a time of labor unrest also helped motivate support for the program, though evidence of this pattern is less conclusive. Although party affiliation was crucial, it was also partly a function of economic structure, which shaped the two parties’ electoral fortunes. The impact of trade interests during this period is a mirror image of what previous research has found concerning the post-World War II era, when export-oriented interests tended to support American global activism and import-competing interests to oppose it. The reason for the difference is the Republican Party's commitment to trade protection, which strongly influenced both the goals of the policy and the identity of its supporters.
Seasonal variation of Mastophorus muris (Nematoda: Spirurida) in the water vole Arvicola amphibius from southern Sweden
Authors: Neupane B. , Miller A.L. , Evans A.L. , Olsson G.E. , Höglund J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study focused on the spirurid nematodeMastophorus murisin water voles (Arvicola amphibius) trapped in three regions in southern Sweden during spring and fall 2013. The collection of water voles formed part of a larger project (EMIRO) on the cestodeEchinococcus multilocularisin rodents. The voles’ stomach contents were examined for the presence ofM. muris. Prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of infection were calculated. A generalized linear model model was used to examine the effects of sex, functional group, season and region on the number ofM. murisindividuals in each vole. Forty-seven of 181 (26%) voles were infected withM. muris, with up to 74 worms each. The overall mean intensity (worms per infected vole) was 15 (95% CI 10–21), and abundance (mean number of worms in all voles) was 4 (95% CI 2–6). Model output indicated a significant effect of season and region with respect to abundance of nematode infection, which was independent of sex and functional group of the investigated host.
Hearing loss in the trenches – a hidden morbidity of World War I
Authors: Conroy K , Malik V 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundOne hundred years ago, millions of British and Allied troops were fighting in the trenches of the Great War. With a tenth of soldiers losing their lives, hearing loss seemed a low priority; however, vast numbers of troops sustained significant hearing loss.MethodA review was conducted of literature published between 1914 and 1925.ResultsSoldiers were exposed to up to 185 dB of sustained noise from new, high-energy weapons, which caused ‘labyrinthine concussion’. Traumatic injuries, non-organic hearing loss and malingering were also common. One source estimated that 2.4 per cent of the army was disabled by hearing loss. However, many British doctors viewed this ‘soldier's deafness’ as a temporary affliction, resulting in soldiers being labelled as malingerers or ‘hysterical’.ConclusionToday, one can recognise that a scant evidence base and misconceptions influenced the mismanagement of hearing loss by otolaryngologists in World War I. However, noise-induced hearing loss is still very much a feature of armed conflict.
Moffett's muted mules: the science of laryngology in the art of war
Authors: Sekhar V , Wong E , Elhassan H A , Singh N 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundMules and other equine species have been used in warfare for thousands of years to transport goods and supplies. Mules are known for ‘braying’, which is disadvantageous in warfare operations. This article explores the fascinating development of surgical techniques to stop military mules from braying, with particular emphasis on the key role played by the otolaryngologist Arthur James Moffett in devoicing the mules of the second Chindit expedition of World War II.MethodThe PubMed database (1900–2017) and Google search engine were used to identify articles related to devoicing mules in the medical and veterinary literature, along with information and images on the Chindit expedition.ResultsThis paper reviews the surgical techniques aimed at treating braying in mules, ranging from ventriculectomy and arytenoidectomy to Moffett's approach of vocal cordectomy.ConclusionMoffett's technique of vocal cordectomy provided a quick, reproducible and safe solution for devoicing mules. It proved to be advantageous on the battlefield and demonstrated his achievements outside the field of medicine.
Domination of mesophotic ecosystems in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (Indonesia) by sponges, soft corals and other non-hard coral species
Authors: Bell J.J. , Jompa J. , Haris A. , Werorilangi S. , Shaffer M. , Mortimer C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMesophotic ecosystems have been relatively poorly studied in the Indo-Pacific and in particular within the Coral Triangle region. Here we used a mini-ROV to explore the changes in major benthic groups at two sites (~200 m apart) in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia spanning shallow water coral reefs (5 m) to deeper water mesophotic ecosystems (80 m). We found very similar patterns at both sites where coral cover peaked at 15 m, declined rapidly by 30 m, and was virtually absent at 50 m. As coral declined there was a marked increase in sponges, soft corals and other encrusting organisms (including ascidians, bryozoans, tubeworms, gorgonians and molluscs). Importantly, our results differ from most previous studies in other geographic locations where hard corals extend much deeper. It is unclear what drives this difference but it may be related to higher levels of turbidity and therefore reduced light penetration in the Wakatobi compared with other areas, which limits the vertical extent of coral development.
REAL-WORLD CLINICAL EVALUATION AND COSTS OF TELEMEDICINE FOR CHRONIC WOUND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Le Goff-Pronost Myriam , Mourgeon Bénédicte , Blanchère Jean-Pierre , Teot Luc , Benateau Hervé , Dompmartin Anne 
Published: October 2018

Background:Chronic wounds are frequent, affect quality of life, and increase care costs. Telemedicine provides potential for effective wound care management, especially for the monitoring of complex wounds at home.Objectives:The objective of the present study was to determine the clinical effects and costs of telemedicine for the follow-up of complex chronic wounds from the perspective of the public health insurance. The study ran over a period of 9 months.Methods:We conducted a prospective, pragmatic, open-label, observational study and carried out a cost-effectiveness analysis. A total of 116 patients with chronic wounds were assigned to their choice of two groups: telemedicine (N = 77) and traditional follow-up (control; N = 39). The primary outcome was the time to healing. Secondary outcomes included percentage of wounds reaching target objective, percentage of wounds healed completely, outpatient care costs, travel costs, and hospitalizations.Results:Time to healing was shorter in the telemedicine group than in the control group (137 versus 174 days; p < .05). The percentage of wounds completely healed was not statistically different between the telemedicine and control group (66 percent versus 61 percent; p > .05). Outpatient care and hospitalization costs were not significantly different. The main results in terms of economic savings were medical transport costs reimbursed by the French public health insurance, which were significantly lower in the telemedicine group. Telemedicine costs were found to be €4,583 less per patient compared with standard practice over 9 months.Conclusions:This trial suggests that telemedicine saves travel costs and results in a shorter healing time than traditional follow-up.
PROPERTIES FOR GENERALIZED CUMULATIVE PAST MEASURES OF INFORMATION
Authors: Calì Camilla , Longobardi Maria , Navarro Jorge 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Shannon entropy based on the probability density function is a key information measure with applications in different areas. Some alternative information measures have been proposed in the literature. Two relevant ones are the cumulative residual entropy (based on the survival function) and the cumulative past entropy (based on the distribution function). Recently, some extensions of these measures have been proposed. Here, we obtain some properties for the generalized cumulative past entropy. In particular, we prove that it determines the underlying distribution. We also study this measure in coherent systems and a closely related generalized past cumulative Kerridge inaccuracy measure.
Longitudinal Neuropsychological Study of Presymptomatic c.709-1G>A Progranulin Mutation Carriers
Authors: Barandiaran Myriam , Moreno Fermín , de Arriba María , Indakoetxea Begoña , Boda Irati , Gabilondo Alazne , Tainta Mikel , López de Munain Adolfo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjective: The assessment of individuals from families affected by familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) allows the evaluation of preclinical or pre-diagnosis disease markers. The current work aims to investigate the existence of a cognitive phase inGRNmutation carriers before overt clinical symptoms begin.Methods:We performed a longitudinal neuropsychological analysis (three assessments in 4 years) in a group of presymptomatic c.709-1G>A progranulin (GRN)(n=15) mutation carriers and non-carrier relatives (n=25) from seven FTD families.Results:GRNmutation carriers showed subtle decline over the longitudinal follow-up in several different domains (namely, attention, facial affect recognition, decision-making, language, and memory). The differences between groups were most marked in the facial affect recognition test, with improvement in the non-carrier group and decline in theGRNmutation carrier group, with very large effect sizes.Conclusions:Facial affect recognition may decline before clinical diagnosis and makes the adapted version of the Picture of Facial Affect a potential candidate for early detection ofGRN-associated FTD. (JINS, 2019, 25, 39–47)
Field trial survey and breeder perceptions to select between ornamentalGlandulariahybrids
Authors: Imhof Lelia , Suárez Mario , Cáceres Natalia , Matoff Evangelina , Facciuto Gabriela , Hick Emmanuel , Galetto Leonardo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aims of the paper are to characterize the ornamental bedding behaviour of selectedGlandulariamaterials, to evaluate breeder and public preferences (PP) of new potential ornamental plants to be introduced in the market and to obtain a ranking with the best-selected materials. After hybrids characterizations through different traits of ornamental interest, a survey was conducted to identify the breeder and PP separately but also with an integrated index. The indices were applied to systematize bedding data considering breeder and public aesthetic preferences using persistent (12-months plants) and new (3-months plants) materials. Similarities were found in the breeder and PP for new materials. The perception of a similar aesthetic value by the breeder and the public was reflected in the scores assigned toGlandulariahybrids materials. For persistent materials, breeder and public perceptions presented some differences that are interesting to be considered at the moment to introduce new ornamental plants into the market.