bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life after extended versus transsellar endoscopic skull base surgery from 767 patients
Authors: Seo Min Young , Nam Do‐Hyun , Kong Doo‐Sik , Lee Jung Joo , Ryu Gwanghui , Kim Hyo Yeol , Dhong Hun‐Jong , Chung Seung‐Kyu , Lee Kyung Eun , Hong Sang Duk 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to compare sinonasal‐related quality of life (QOL) in patients treated by extended or transsellar endoscopic skull base surgery.Study DesignProspective data analysis.MethodsProspectively collected data from patients who underwent endoscopic skull base surgery between 2012 and 2017 were analyzed. Primary outcomes were preoperative Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐20 (SNOT‐20) scores and then 1‐month, 3‐month, and 6‐month follow‐up. Comparative analysis was performed between the endoscopic transsellar approach (ETA) group (n = 647) and an extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) group (n = 120). In ETA group, the SNOT‐20 score was compared between patients with a nasoseptal flap (NSF) (ETA‐NSF) and without an NSF (ETA‐no NSF).ResultsThe mean total SNOT‐20 score was significantly worse in the EEEA than ETA group at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P < .05). Although there was no significant difference in total SNOT‐20 score between the ETA‐NSF and ETA‐no NSF group at 3 and 6 months after surgery, the percentage of patients with significant change (≥0.8) in the SNOT‐20 score was higher in the NSF used group at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (22.92% vs. 13.51%, P = .029; 20.59% vs. 5.59%, P = .039; and 24.00% vs. 4.03%, P = .003, respectively). According to multivariate analysis conducted regarding factors that deteriorate sinonasal QOL at 6 months following surgery, only NSF usage is significantly associated with poor outcome (odds ratio: 4.371, P = .011)ConclusionsSinonasal‐related QOL was significantly worse in patients treated by the EEEA versus ETA. Use of an NSF is the only poor prognostic factor in sinonasal QOL after endoscopic skull base surgery.Level of Evidence2bLaryngoscope, 129:1318–1324, 2019
Long‐term sinonasal outcomes after endoscopic skull base surgery with nasoseptal flap reconstruction
Authors: Riley Charles A. , Tabaee Abtin , Conley Lindsey , Amine Muhamad , Soneru Christian P. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe utilization of the nasoseptal flap (NSF) in endoscopic anterior skull base surgery (EASB) has resulted in reduced rates of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF). The long‐term impact on sinonasal function after surgery remains incompletely defined.MethodsA consecutive series of patients undergoing EASB with NSF and with at least 3 years follow‐up was prospectively evaluated. Patient demographics, pre‐ and postoperative Sino‐nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) scores, Lund‐Mackay scores (LMS), CSF leak, and sinonasal complications were analyzed.ResultsA total of 46 patients undergoing EASB with NSF met inclusion criteria. The mean follow‐up was 67.4 months (range 39–90, standard deviation [SD] 14.2 months). No statistically significant differences were noted between the mean overall pre‐ (16) and postoperative SNOT‐22 scores (18). SNOT‐22 scores improved in 27 patients (58.7%), deteriorated in 17 patients (37.0%) and stayed the same in two patients (4.3%). Deterioration in SNOT‐22 scores was greater in younger (mean change + 7.2 [SD17.4] vs. older patients −3.4 [SD 7.5], P = 0.010). A statistically significant increase in LMS was noted (mean preoperative LMS0.9 vs. mean postoperative LMS 2.2, P = 0.001). The LMS decreased in nine patients (19.6%), increased in 22 patients (47.8%), and remained the same in 15 patients (32.6%). One patient (2.2%) developed a postoperative CSF leak following resection of metastatic skull base lesion and was successfully treated with placement of a lumbar drain, Foley catheter balloon, and strict bed rest. One patient (2.2%) developed a postoperative mucocele requiring decompression 3 years after initial surgery.ConclusionWhereas long‐term sinonasal quality of life is overall improved in the majority of patients following NSF use for EASB, younger patients show higher incidence of deterioration. Increased sinus opacification on imaging is generally noted and may require continued follow‐up and management. The incidence of reoperation for symptomatic mucocele formation is low.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:1035–1040, 2019
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detection and Surveillance: Advances of Liquid Biomarkers
Authors: Swiecicki Paul L. , Brennan Julia R. , Mierzwa Michelle , Spector Matthew E. , Brenner J. Chad 
Published: December 2018

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are aggressive tumors that often present at advanced stage in difficult‐to‐biopsy regions of the head and neck. With the rapid move to analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to either detect cancer or monitor disease progression and response to therapy, we have designed this article as a primer to understand the recent studies that support a transition to use these circulating biomarkers as a part of routine clinical care. Whereas some technical challenges still need to be overcome, the utility of ctDNA in cancer care is already evident from these early studies. Therefore, it is critical to understand recent advances in this area as well as emerging questions that need to be addressed as these biomarkers move closer to enhancing routine clinical care paradigms.Laryngoscope, 129:1836–1843, 2019
Thermistor‐controlled subdermal skin tightening for the aging face: Clinical outcomes and efficacy
Authors: Sanan Akshay , Hjelm Nikolaus , Tassone Patrick , Krein Howard , Heffelfinger Ryan N. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivePatients are increasingly seeking nonsurgical treatment for the aging face. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and outcomes of a thermistor‐controlled subdermal skin tightening device (ThermiTight) as a treatment modality for the aging face.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 12 patients was completed on patients having undergone ThermiTight for midface and neck skin tightening. Only five patients had a greater than 1 year follow‐up and were included in the study. Two blinded reviewers assessed photographs taken pre‐procedure and 1 year post‐procedure using a standardized skin laxity scale. Patient charts were reviewed to assess for complications up to 12 months post‐treatment.ResultsThe mean age of included patients was 57 years, and all five patients were female. One (20%) patient treated with ThermiTight was also treated with injectables (Botox, Juvéderm) simultaneously. One (20%) patient developed a wound complication. One (20%) patient complained of incisional site pain at her first postoperative visit that subsequently self‐resolved. On a five‐point scale to assess facial skin laxity, there was an average improved score of 0.85 per patient (P < .001) at one year post‐procedure. Two blinded reviewers correctly categorized photographs as either being “baseline” or “post‐procedure” 100% of the time. There was no significant difference between the skin laxity scores by the blinded reviewers (P = .05).ConclusionThermiTight is a new technology used for nonsurgical treatment of the aging face. Long‐term outcomes demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Complications are rare, but possible, in the use of ThermiTight.
Level of Evidence: 3
Hybrid Janus Microparticles Achieving Selective Encapsulation for Theranostic Applications via a Facile Solvent Emulsion Method
Authors: Lim Yi Guang Jerome , Poh Kwok Choon Wilson , Loo Say Chye Joachim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnisotropic Janus particles composed of biocompatible polymers have been gaining considerable interest for biomedical applications. Here, the fabrication of hybrid Janus particles via a single‐step solvent emulsion technique, potentially for theranostic purposes, is shown. Through this technique, the selective encapsulation of therapeutic and diagnostic agents is streamlined into different “faces” of the Janus structure. This facile technique is used to seamlessly fabricate polymeric‐based hybrid Janus particles for theranostic applications with little complexity.
A magic drug target: Androgen receptor
Authors: Li Dan , Zhou Wenfang , Pang Jinping , Tang Qin , Zhong Bingling , Shen Chao , Xiao Li , Hou Tingjun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) is closely associated with a group of hormone‐related diseases including the cancers of prostate, breast, ovary, pancreas, etc and anabolic deficiencies such as muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. Depending on the specific type and stage of the diseases, AR ligands including not only antagonists but also agonists and modulators are considered as potential therapeutics, which makes AR an extremely interesting drug target. Here, we at first review the current understandings on the structural characteristics of AR, and then address why and how AR is investigated as a drug target for the relevant diseases and summarize the representative antagonists and agonists targeting five prospective small molecule binding sites at AR, including ligand‐binding pocket, activation function‐2 site, binding function‐3 site, DNA‐binding domain, and N‐terminal domain, providing recent insights from a target and drug development view. Further comprehensive studies on AR and AR ligands would bring fruitful information and push the therapy of AR relevant diseases forward.
Endothelial Cells Deconjugate Resveratrol Metabolites to Free Resveratrol: A Possible Role in Tissue Factor Modulation
Authors: Fernández‐Castillejo Sara , Macià Alba , Motilva Maria‐José , Catalán Úrsula , Solà Rosa 
Published: December 2018

ScopeThe antithrombotic effects of resveratrol (RV) and its derivatives remain unknown. The objective is to evaluate the modulatory effects of RV, its glucoside form, piceid, and its biological metabolites (RV‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucuronide, RV‐4’‐O‐d‐glucuronide, and RV‐3‐O‐sulfate) on tissue factor (TF). Moreover, the endothelial metabolism of RV is assessed.Methods and resultsHuman aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) are incubated with trans‐piceid, trans‐RV, or their biological metabolites and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). TF activity, protein levels, and mRNA expression are determined in cell lysates. Moreover, RV conjugation (phase‐II‐metabolism) to its sulfated or glucuronidated metabolites and their deconjugation to their parent compound (free RV) are also assessed in cell lysates and culture media. RV decreased TF activity, protein levels, and mRNA expression, whereas piceid and RV metabolites (RVmet) had no effects. RV‐3‐O‐sulfate was the main metabolite generated in the endothelium, while RVmet are deconjugated to free RV. Isomerization of trans‐RV and its trans‐metabolites to their cis‐forms is observed.ConclusionsRV exerts antithrombotic effects by modulating TF. RVmet and piceid does not exert this effect. However, the capacity of endothelial cells to deconjugate RVmet to free RV indicates that RVmet function as an endothelial reservoir for RV regeneration, thus, contributing to the antithrombotic effects of RV.
Short‐Term Isocaloric Intake of a Fructose‐ but not Glucose‐Rich Diet Affects Bacterial Endotoxin Concentrations and Markers of Metabolic Health in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects
Authors: Nier Anika , Brandt Annette , Rajcic Dragana , Bruns Tony , Bergheim Ina 
Published: December 2018

ScopeDietary pattern and impairments of intestinal barrier function are discussed to be critical in the development of metabolic impairments. Here, it is determined if an isocaloric exchange of complex carbohydrates with monosaccharides affects markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic health in healthy subjects.Methods and ResultsAfter a dietary standardization for 4 days, all 12 subjects aged 21–33 years receive an isocaloric fructose‐ and glucose‐enriched diet for 3 days separated by a wash‐out phase. Anthropometry, blood pressure, markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic as well as inflammatory parameters are determined in blood samples or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at baseline, after standardizations and the monosaccharide interventions, respectively. While anthropometric and inflammatory parameters are not changed, the intake of an isocaloric fructose‐ but not glucose‐enriched diet is associated with a significant increase of bacterial endotoxin plasma levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in serum, while total plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations are significantly decreased. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Toll like receptors 4, 2, and MYD88 mRNA expressions are significantly induced after the fructose‐rich but not the glucose‐rich diet.ConclusionIn metabolically healthy subjects, even a short‐term intake of a fructose‐rich diet can elevate bacterial endotoxin levels and change markers of liver health and vascular endothelial function.
Multislice motion modeling forMRI‐guided radiotherapy gating
Authors: Ginn John S. , Ruan Dan , Low Daniel A. , Lamb James M. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeOn‐board magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) greatly enhances real‐time target tracking capability during radiotherapy treatments. However, multislice and volumetricMRItechniques are frame rate limited and introduce unacceptable latency between the target moving out of position and the beam being turned off. We present a technique to estimate continuous volumetric tissue motion using motion models built from a repeated acquisition of a stack ofMRslices. Applications including multislice target visualization and out‐of‐slice motion estimation duringMRI‐guided radiotherapy are demonstrated.MethodsEight healthy volunteer studies were performed using a 0.35 TMRI‐guided radiotherapy system. Images were acquired at three frames per second in an interleaved fashion across ten adjacent sagittal slice positions covering 4.5 cm using a balanced steady‐state–free precession sequence. A previously published five‐dimensional (5D) linear motion model used forMRI‐guided radiotherapy gating was extended to include multiple slices. This model utilizes an external respiratory bellows signal recorded during imaging to simultaneously estimate motion across all imaged slices. For comparison to an image‐based approach, the manifold learning technique local linear embedding (LLE) was used to derive a respiratory surrogate for motion modeling. Manifolds for every slice were aligned duringLLEin a group‐wise fashion, enabling motion estimation outside the current imaged slice using a motion model, a process which we denote asmSGA. Additionally, a method is developed to evaluate out‐of‐slice motion estimates. The multislice motion model was evaluated in a single slice with each newly acquired image using a leave‐one‐out approach. Model‐generated gating decision accuracy and beam‐on positive predictive value (PPV) are reported along with the median and 95th percentile distance between model and ground truth target centroids.ResultsThe average model gating decision accuracy and PPV across all volunteer studies was 93.7% and 92.8% using the 5D model, and 96.8% and 96.1% using themSGAmodel, respectively. The median and 95th percentile distance between model and ground truth target centroids was 0.91 and 2.90 mm, respectively, using the 5D model and 0.58 and 1.49 mm using themSGAmodel, averaged over all eight subjects. ThemSGAmotion model provided a statistically significant improvement across all evaluation metrics compared to the external surrogate‐based 5D model.ConclusionThe proposed techniques for out‐of‐slice target motion estimation demonstrated accuracy likely sufficient for clinical use. Results indicate themSGAmodel may provide higher accuracy, however, the external surrogate‐based model allows for unbiased in vivo accuracy evaluation.
Modeling soil desiccation cracking by analytical and numerical approaches
Authors: Pouya Amade , Vo Thi Dong , Hemmati Sahar , Tang Anh Minh 
Published: December 2018

SummaryAn energy approach is proposed as a complement to the stress approach commonly considered for investigating soil desiccation cracking. The elastic strain energies before and after crack initiation are estimated by both numerical and analytical solutions. The energy released by cracking is then compared with the fracture energy to discuss crack initiation conditions. This leads to combined energy and stress conditions for crack initiation following Leguillon's theory. An approximate analytical solution is derived from a variational formulation of the porous elastic body equations. A cohesive zone model and finite element code are used to simulate crack propagation in an unsaturated porous body. This analysis shows that the energy criterion is reached before the stress criterion, and this can explain unstable crack propagation at the beginning. The approximate analytical solution allows predicting correctly the crack depth and opening in its initiation stage.
Modification of Nutrition Therapy During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: A Narrative Review and Recommendations
Authors: Jonckheer Joop , Vergaelen Klaar , Spapen Herbert , Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , De Waele Elisabeth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionNutrition is an important part of treatment in critically ill children. Clinical guidelines for nutrition adaptations during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are lacking. We collected and evaluated current knowledge on this topic and provide recommendations.MethodsQuestions were produced to guide the literature search in the PubMed database.ResultsEvidence is scarce and extrapolation from adult data was often required. CRRT has a direct and substantial impact on metabolism. Indirect calorimetry is the preferred method to assess resting energy expenditure (REE). Moderate underestimation of REE is common but not clinically relevant. Formula‐based calculation of REE is inaccurate and not validated in critically ill children on CRRT. The nutrition impact of nonintentional calories delivered as citrate, lactate, and glucose during CRRT must be considered. Quantifying nitrogen balance is not feasible during CRRT. Protein delivery should be increased by 25% to compensate for losses in the effluent. Fats are not removed by CRRT and should not be adapted during CRRT. Electrolyte disturbances are frequently present and should be treated accordingly. Vitamins B1, B6, B9, and C are lost in the effluent and should be adapted to the effluent dose. Trace elements, with the exception of selenium, are not cleared in relevant quantities. Manganese accumulation is of concern because of potential neurotoxicity.ConclusionCurrent recommendations regarding nutrition support in pediatric CRRT must be extrapolated from adult studies. Recommendations are provided, based on the weak level of evidence. Additional research on this topic is warranted.
Effects of Intermittent Versus Continuous Energy Intakes on Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Risk in Women with Overweight
Authors: Hutchison Amy T. , Liu Bo , Wood Rachel E. , Vincent Andrew D. , Thompson Campbell H. , O’Callaghan Nathan J. , Wittert Gary A. , Heilbronn Leonie K. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare intermittent fasting (IF) versus continuous energy intakes at 100% or 70% of calculated energy requirements on insulin sensitivity, cardiometabolic risk, body weight, and composition.MethodsWomen with overweight (n = 88; 50 ± 1 years, BMI 32.3 ± 0.5 kg/m2) were randomized to one of four diets (IF70, IF100, dietary restriction [DR70], or control) in a 2:2:2:1 ratio for 8 weeks. IF groups fasted for 24 hours after breakfast on three nonconsecutive days per week. All foods were provided and diets matched for macronutrient composition (35% fat, 15% protein, 50% carbohydrate). Insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp, weight, body composition, and plasma markers were assessed following a “fed” day (12‐hour fast) and a 24‐hour fast (IF only).ResultsIF70 displayed greater reductions in weight, fat mass, total‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acids compared with DR70 and IF100 (all P ≤ 0.05). IF100 lost more weight and fat than control. However, fasting insulin was increased. There were no group differences in insulin sensitivity by clamp; however, a 24‐hour fast transiently reduced insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsWhen prescribed at matched energy restriction, IF reduced weight and fat mass and improved total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol more than DR. IF prescribed in energy balance did not improve health compared with other groups, despite modest weight loss.
Syntheses of biodegradable polymer networks based on polycaprolactone and glutamic acid
Authors: Park Soo Yong , Kim Soo‐Yeon , Kim Taeyoon , Ahn Heejoon , Chung Ildoo 
Published: December 2018

Biodegradable trifunctional oligomer was synthesized from polycaprolactone and glutamic acid and characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. Injectable and in situ crosslinkable polymer networks were fabricated by the copolymerization of oligomer with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and used to evaluate the initial compressive strengths, viscosities, shrinkages, thermal stabilities, and biodegradabilities in the forms of polymer network neat resin and their composites with β‐tricalcium phosphate. The initial compressive strengths (CS) values of neat resins ranged from 9.54 to 187.6 MPa. Both neat resins and composites had polymerization shrinkage ranging from 0% to 11.7%, which increased with increasing of TEGDMA contents in resin. Moreover, in polymer composite resins, shrinkage values decreased with increasing filler level from 0% to 4.6%, and exothermic evolution values decreased from 33.5°C to 29.7°C as increasing filler level. The composite with the formulation of (polycaprolactone)‐glutamate triacrylate (PCLGTA)/TEGDMA (25/75) and powder/liquid (P/L) ratio of 1.0 exhibited the highest exothermal and lowest shrinkage values. The increase of oligomer in the formulation led to an increase in viscosity.
Neutrophils in the initiation and resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation: understanding biological function and therapeutic potential
Authors: Potey Philippe MD , Rossi Adriano G , Lucas Christopher D , Dorward David A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the often fatal sequelae of a broad range of precipitating conditions. Despite decades of intensive research and clinical trials there remain no therapies in routine clinical practice that target the dysregulated and overwhelming inflammatory response that characterises ARDS. Neutrophils play a central role in the initiation, propagation and resolution of this complex inflammatory environment by migrating into the lung and executing a variety of pro‐inflammatory functions. These include degranulation with liberation of bactericidal proteins, release of cytokines and reactive oxygen species as well as production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Although these functions are advantageous in clearing bacterial infection, the consequence of associated tissue damage, the contribution to worsening acute inflammation and prolonged neutrophil lifespan at sites of inflammation are deleterious. In this review, the importance of the neutrophil will be considered, together with discussion of recent advances in understanding neutrophil function and the factors that influence them throughout the phases of inflammation in ARDS. From a better understanding of neutrophils in this context, potential therapeutic targets are identified and discussed. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.