bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic engineering of Nannochloropsis oceanica to produce canthaxanthin and ketocarotenoids
Authors: Canini Davide , Martini Flavio , Cazzaniga Stefano , Miotti Tea , Pacenza Beatrice , D’Adamo Sarah , Ballottari Matteo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Canthaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid with high antioxidant activity, and it is primarily produced by microalgae, among which Nannochloropsis oceanica, a marine alga widely used for aquaculture. In the last decade, N. oceanica has become a model organism for oleaginous microalgae to develop sustainable processes to produce biomolecules of interest by exploiting its photosynthetic activity and carbon assimilation properties. N. oceanica can accumulate lipids up to 70% of total dry weight and contains the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) required for both food and feed applications. The genome sequence, other omics data, and synthetic biology tools are available for this species, including an engineered strain called LP-tdTomato, which allows homologous recombination to insert the heterologous genes in a highly transcribed locus in the nucleolus region. Here, N. oceanica was engineered to induce high ketocarotenoid and canthaxanthin production.

Results
We used N. oceanica LP-tdTomato strain as a background to express the key enzyme for ketocarotenoid production, a β-carotene ketolase (CrBKT) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Through the LP-tdTomato strain, the transgene insertion by homologous recombination in a highly transcribed genomic locus can be screened by negative fluorescence. The overexpression of CrBKT in bkt transformants increased the content of carotenoids and ketocarotenoids per cell, respectively, 1.5 and 10-fold, inducing an orange/red color in the bkt cell cultures. Background (LP) and bkt lines productivity were compared at different light intensities from 150 to 1200 µmol m-2 s-1: at lower irradiances, the growth kinetics of bkt lines were slower compared to LP, while higher productivity was measured for bkt lines at 1200 µmol m-2 s-1. Despite these results, the highest canthaxanthin and ketocarotenoids productivity were obtained upon cultivation at 150 µmol m-2 s-1.

Conclusions
Through targeted gene redesign and heterologous transformation, ketocarotenoids and canthaxanthin content were significantly increased, achieving 0.3% and 0.2% dry weight. Canthaxanthin could be produced using CO2 as the only carbon source at 1.5 mg/L titer. These bkt-engineered lines hold potential for industrial applications in fish or poultry feed sectors, where canthaxanthin and ketocarotenoids are required as pigmentation agents.
Use of phase angle as an indicator of overtraining in sport and physical training
Authors: Annunziata Giuseppe , Paoli Antonio , Frias-Toral Evelyn , Marra Stellario , Campa Francesco , Verde Ludovica , Colao Annamaria , Lukaski Henry , Simancas-Racines Daniel , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Barrea Luigi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is now well established in healthcare as an essential support tool for patient management in various clinical settings. Its use in sports is rapidly expanding due to the valuable insights it offers, helping to better structure athletes’ diets and training programs, thereby optimizing their performance. In the context of sport, however, there is a consensus regarding the importance of proper interpretation of BIA-derived data, which cannot be limited to mere estimation of body composition. In this sense, therefore, the evaluation and interpretation of raw bioelectrical parameters, including resistance, reactance, and phase angle (PhA) is of relevant importance. The assessment of PhA is particularly significant in the context of sports, as it is closely linked to key factors such as muscle mass, strength, and overall muscle quality. However, the existing relationship between PhA and systemic, and loco-regional inflammation, which, in a broader sense, is the rationale behind its use for assessing and monitoring localised muscle damage. Thus, the importance of PhA monitoring during training becomes evident, as it plays a crucial role in assessing and potentially identifying functional impairments, such as overtraining syndrome, as well as muscle injury and related changes in fluid distribution, at an early stage. The aim of this review is to provide the scientific basis necessary to consider the use of whole-body PhA as an indicator of overtraining.
Exploring potential associations between the human microbiota and reservoir of latent HIV
Authors: Marín-Sánchez Nel , Paredes Roger , Borgognone Alessandra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The rapid establishment and persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs is one of the main obstacles towards an HIV cure. While antiretroviral therapy supresses viral replication, it does not eradicate the latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected cells. Recent evidence suggests that the human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, may have the potential to modulate the HIV-1 reservoir. However, literature is limited and the exact mechanisms underlying the role of the microbiome in HIV immunity and potential regulation of the viral reservoir remain poorly understood.

Results
Here, we review updated knowledge on the associations between the human microbiome and HIV reservoir across different anatomical sites, including the gut, the lungs and blood. We provide an overview of the predominant taxa associated with prominent microbiome changes in the context of HIV infection. Based on the current evidence, we summarize the main study findings, with specific focus on consistent bacterial and related byproduct associations. Specifically, we address the contribution of immune activation and inflammatory signatures on HIV-1 persistence. Furthermore, we discuss possible scenarios by which bacterial-associated inflammatory mediators, related metabolites and host immune signatures may modulate the HIV reservoir size. Finally, we speculate on potential implications of microbiome-based therapeutics for future HIV-1 cure strategies, highlighting challenges and limitations inherent in this research field.

Conclusions
Despite recent advances, this review underscores the need for further research to deepen the understanding of the complex interplay between the human microbiome and HIV reservoir. Further integrative multi-omics assessments and functional studies are crucial to test the outlined hypothesis and to identify potential therapeutic targets ultimately able to achieve an effective cure for HIV.
A one-year follow-up case series on gait analysis and patient-reported outcomes for persons with unilateral and bilateral transfemoral amputations undergoing direct skeletal fixation
Authors: Toderita Diana , McGuire Tiereny , Benton Alice M. , Handford Charles , Ramasamy Arul , Hindle Paul , Bull Anthony M. J. , McMenemy Louise 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Direct skeletal fixation, a surgical technique enabling the attachment of an external prosthesis directly to the bone through a percutaneous implant, offers an enticing solution for patients with lower limb amputations facing socket-related issues. However, understanding of its impact on musculoskeletal function remains limited.

Methods
This study compares pre- and 1-year post-osseointegration surgery outcomes, focusing on patient-reported measures and musculoskeletal system function during level-ground walking. Two participants with unilateral transfemoral amputations and two participants with bilateral transfemoral amputations completed the questionnaire for transfemoral amputations (Q-TFA) and underwent gait analysis. Musculoskeletal modelling simulations were conducted.

Results
Results showed improved Q-TFA scores for all participants. Participants showed reduced amputated limb peak hip extension angles, flexion torques and contact forces at the push-off phase of the gait cycle. Post-operatively, hip adduction angles and abduction moments increased, indicating more natural gait patterns. Whilst one participant demonstrated increased post-operative walking speed, others walked more slowly.

Conclusions
The study revealed diverse adaptation patterns after one year in individuals with transfemoral amputations transitioning to bone-anchored prostheses. Additional longer-term data is necessary to enable generalization and clinical implications of these results.
Analyzing dropout intentions in vocational education and training: exploring the nexus between different dimensions of dropout reasons and the different directions of dropout intention
Authors: Braunstein Anke , Krötz Maximilian , Deutscher Viola , Seifried Jürgen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtensive research has focused on various dimensions of dropout reasons, yet it often overlooks the importance of considering different dropout directions in the analysis. Our cross-sectional study examines the association of factors of six dimensions of dropout reasons (learner, professional, company, school, activity, and context) with four directions of dropout intention (upwards, downwards, horizontal: occupational change, and horizontal: company change). Stepwise regression analyses using dropout intention as a prior inner condition (before actual dropout behavior) with data from 559 industrial and office management trainees in Germany are conducted. Results indicate that the largest association across different directions of dropout intentions is exerted by the trainees’ occupational identity (professional dimension) and the year in training (context dimension). School factors like the use of outdated teaching equipment and learner factors like trainees’ high professional commitment predict upward dropouts, while a low level of trainees’ workplace social involvement (activity dimension) predicts downward dropouts. Company factors like unfavourable working regulations predict occupational change, and a low level of trainees’ functional involvement (activity dimension) predicts company change. Additionally, we confirm the previously found significant associations of activity and professional factors, particularly the cooperation between learning venues (school and training company) and the alignment between training and the desired occupation. The desired occupation predicts dropout intentions in the upward and horizontal direction (occupational change), and a low level of learning venue cooperation predicts the upward, horizontal (company change), and downward directions. To mitigate dropout rates, we recommend that vocational education and training stakeholders adopt preventive strategies by targeting specific directions of dropout intentions and the factors associated with the six dimensions of dropout reasons.
Vertebral monstrosities: phenotypically shortened fish with deformed vertebrae in endemic fish genus Hypselobarbus (Bleeker, 1860), (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Western Ghats, India
Authors: Mallegowda Jeevan Thiruguna , Devadas Dayal , Ramteke Karankumar , Jaiswar Ashok Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Fish with vertebral monstrosities are very rare in the wild, as those individuals in the natural populations tend to perform poorly to survive in any ecosystem. Species of the fish genus Hypselobarbus as reported (Bleeker in De visschen van den Indischen Archipel, Lange, 1860) are freshwater endemic barbs of Western Ghats and peninsular India. Four species of the genus, namely Hypselobarbus dobsoni (Krishna carp), H. jerdoni (Jerdon’s Carp), H. lithopidos (Canara barb) and H. thomassi (Red Canarese barb), were collected from three different river systems of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot of India. Some individuals were found to be different from normal specimens, with extremely large body depth compared to normal specimens. The study was initiated with the aim of bringing an understanding on monstrosities of these four species along with identifying the normal and abnormal individuals in an integrated approach; employing traditional morphometry, X-ray imaging and barcoding mtDNA COI X-ray imaging could elucidate the vertebral monstrosities, which are discussed in detail. The mtDNA COI gene sequences generated were used to draw conclusions on identity of both normal and deformed individuals.

Results
The phenotypic deformities have led to deepening of the body with a more robust and reduced length which is evident from the morphometric comparison of normal specimens with deformed ones. The radiographic images revealed reduced intra-vertebral space in comparison with the normal vertebrae, deformed vertebrae were between 25 and 32, showing significantly altered intra-vertebral space. Slight genetic divergence of 1.1% between normal and deformed specimens in mitochondrial DNA COI gene of H. lithopidos and H. thomassi and no divergence in H. dobsoni and H. jerdoni were also observed.

Conclusion
The specimens were collected from areas with high anthropogenic stresses, abate water quality, and habitat, which could be possible reasons of appearance of individuals with deformed vertebrae. Several environmental and genetic factors might have influenced the development of these robust short-bodied phenotypes in these rivers and possess slight genetic divergence from normal specimens. However, these deformities may also be the result of the stress during embryonic and early life stages in the wild.
Variants of TSC1 are associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and focal epilepsy without tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Shen Nanxiang , Zhuo Zhihong , Luo Xiangyun , Li Bingmei , Lin Xuqing , Luo Sheng , Ye Zilong , Wang Pengyu , He Na , Shi Yiwu , Liao Weiping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The TSC1 gene encodes a growth inhibitory protein hamartin, which plays a crucial role in negative regulation of the activity of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1). TSC1 has been associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). This study aims to investigate the association between TSC1 variants and common epilepsy.

Methods
Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed in epilepsy patients without acquired etiologies from the China Epilepsy Gene 1.0 Project platform. The pathogenicity of the variants was evaluated according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomic (ACMG) guidelines.

Results
Two TSC1 de novo variants, including c.1498 C > T/p.Arg500* and c.2356 C > T/p.Arg786*, were identified in two patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). The patients exhibited frequent seizures and neurodevelopmental delay. Additionally, we identified two heterozygous TSC1 variants that affected four individuals with focal epilepsy from two unrelated families. The four probands did not present any typical symptom of TSC and had normal brain MRI findings. The four variants were absent in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and were predicted to be damaging with a in silico prediction tool. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the four variants were evaluated to be “pathogenic” or “likely pathogenic”. Of the patients in the China Epilepsy Gene 1.0 Project, 22 patients carried TSC1 variants and were diagnosed with TSC. The ratio of patients carrying TSC1 variants with or without TSC is about 5:1.

Conclusions
TSC1 is potentially associated with common epilepsy without tuberous sclerosis.
Radiology–pathology correlation of hormonal subtypes of breast cancer based on mammography, ultrasound, and PET imaging
Authors: Dsilva Rithi Melissa , Shivalingappa Shivakumar Swamy , Sampangi Sudhakar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among the female population globally and a major cause of death due to cancers among women. It has been classified into histopathological, hormonal, and molecular subtypes based on hormone receptor status. Their management involves a multidisciplinary approach depending on these subtypes, TNM staging, tumour size, and site. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between ultrasound and mammography characteristics and the maximum standardized uptake value on PET with hormonal subtypes of breast cancer.

Methods
It was a retrospective study from a single-centre data available for 8 months. In this study, 5 hormonal subtypes were considered; Luminal A, Luminal B, Luminal HER2-positive subtype, HER2-enriched subtype, and triple-negative subtype. The morphology of the lesions analysed on mammography and sonography and the SUV max value on PET were considered for analyses. The prediction performance of these features for the hormonal subtypes of breast cancers was then analysed.

Results
Luminal A and B subtypes of breast cancer had indistinct margins with posterior acoustic shadowing on ultrasound. Triple-negative subtypes were well-circumscribed lesions with posterior acoustic enhancement on ultrasound. HER2-positive lesions characteristically had pleomorphic microcalcifications with mixed posterior acoustic features on mammography. On PET, HER2-enriched cases had the highest SUV, and the Luminal A subtype had the lowest SUV.

Conclusion
According to our observations, there are certain typical morphological imaging characteristics for each hormonal subtype of breast cancer. These imaging modalities may help radiologists and clinicians in stratifying their patients for prognostication and better management.
A middle aged male with a rare cause of ataxia—A case report
Authors: Khanna Swati , Prakash Adity , Mohanty Sudhansu Sekhar , Swain Basanta Manjari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a rare and newly recognized long-standing inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) condition which primarily affects the pons, with characteristic clinical as well as radiological features. The aim of this work was to familiarize the radiologists with this rare but important neuroinflammatory condition.

Case presentation
We presented a report on a 33-year aged male who presented with gait imbalance, right-sided weakness, facial numbness, and dysarthria. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed ill-defined hyperintensities in the pons, extending to the midbrain and cerebellum, with characteristic punctuate gadolinium enhancement. The patient received intravenous steroids for treatment, after which he began oral corticosteroids, leading to substantial recovery.

Conclusion
This case highlights the significance of identifying the distinct radiological characteristics of CLIPPERS, given its challenging diagnosis and the critical role of corticosteroid therapy in managing this condition. Despite advances in diagnostic criteria, neuropathological confirmation remains essential due to the condition's polymorphic presentation.
Phytoremediation and ethnomedicinal potential of Buddleja, Eremophila, Scrophularia, and Verbascum genera belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family: a review
Authors: Vazquez-Marquez Alicia Monserrat , Correa-Basurto José , Varela-Guerrero Víctor , González-Pedroza María Guadalupe , Zepeda-Gómez Carmen , Burrola-Aguilar Cristina , Nieto-Trujillo Aurelio , Estrada-Zúñiga María Elena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA number of species have developed detoxification strategies that allow them to accumulate high amounts of heavy metals in their tissues and grow despite a high heavy metal (HM) concentration in soils. Thus, they are considered hyperaccumulator or accumulator species, attractive for phytoremediation purposes. Families reported to contain a high number of hyperaccumulator species are Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Myrtaceae, Proteaceae, Caryophylaceae, and Tiliaceae. Indeed, the family Scrophulariaceae has a large extension, with Buddleja, Eremophila, Scrophularia, and Verbascum being some of the best-known genera containing species used for medicinal purposes. This review focuses on identifying the species used in folk medicine that belong to these four genera and can accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals (HMs). Additionally, the human health risks related to the consumption of HM hyperaccumulator species are discussed, as well as the feasibility of plant tissue culture to provide safe vegetal material for medicinal uses or to estimate the intrinsic potential of species for phytoremediation purposes. The following species have demonstrated the ability to accumulate HMs and grow in mine or HM-polluted soils, as well as use in traditional medicine: Buddleja asiatica, B. cordata, B. davidii, B. lindleyana, B. macrostachya, B. paniculata, B. scordioides, Eremophila latrobei, Scrophularia canina subsp. bicolor, S. ningpoensis, S. striata, Verbascum bombyciferum, V. olympicum, V. phrygium, and V. thapsus. In some of these species, antioxidant machinery has been proven to participate as a defense strategy against exposure to high HM concentrations. Consuming plants that accumulate high amounts of HMs has been described as a potential risk to human health. Plant tissue culture has also been established in a few of these species, whether to propagate or use them as a bioactive phytochemical source. Promoting safety and quality control related to the HM concentrations in the tissues of these plants used by populations for curative purposes is necessary. Further research must be carried out on several species for phytoremediation purposes.
Graphical abstract
Recent advances and future directions in banana molecular biology and breeding
Authors: Cheng Chunzhen , Wu Shuofan , Deng Guiming , Sheng Ou , Yi Ganjun , Yang Qiaosong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince publication of a draft genome of the doubled-haploid ‘Pahang’ banana (Musa acuminata, DH-Pahang), a new era for banana biology research has begun. With the release of genomic data from some important Musa species and subspecies and the continuous development of molecular biology techniques, significant progress has been made. Here, we summarize the achievements and advances in the banana molecular biology and breeding over the past decade covering origin and domestication, fruit biology, stress biology, and breeding aspects, and highlight their challenges and future perspectives. This review is intended to provide researchers with the latest information on the complex genetic background and evolutionary relationship of bananas, the biology of fruit ripening, and multi-omics-based stress biology research. We especially focus on recent advances in the molecular breeding of bananas, offering an informative research direction and providing valuable technical references for future research in the field.
The m5C reader protein Ybx1 promotes axon growth by regulating local translation in axons
Authors: Yu Jun , Zhang Yanbo , Zhang Jian , Che Pengfei , Long Gaoxin , Yang Zhuoxuan , Ji Sheng-Jian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
It has been shown that 5-methylcytosine (m5C), one of the most abundant modifications on RNA, regulates various biological processes. However, the function of m5C modification in the nervous system is still largely unknown. Here, we show that the m5C reader Ybx1 is highly expressed in the developing mouse hippocampus in the central nervous system (CNS). Conditional knockout of Ybx1 in the dentate gyrus (DG) decreases mossy fiber growth and affects short-term memory. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the mRNA of Ybx1 is enriched in the axons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and can be locally translated. Inhibition of local translation of Ybx1 results in a decrease in axon growth. We further identify 28 target mRNAs of Ybx1 in DRG neurons, including Ttl and Mmp24. Axon-specific knockdown of Ttl and Mmp24 decreases axon growth rate both in DRG and DG. It could be a general mechanism that locally translated Ybx1 regulates axon growth by controlling local translation in both CNS and PNS.