bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrite and nitrate chemical biology and signalling
Authors: DeMartino Anthony W , Kim‐Shapiro Daniel B. , Patel Rakesh P , Gladwin Mark T 
Published: August 2018

Inorganic nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−) and NO are nitrogenous species with a diverse and interconnected chemical biology. The formation of NO from nitrate and nitrite via a reductive ‘nitrate–nitrite–NO’ pathway and resulting in vasodilation is now an established complementary route to traditional NOS‐derived vasodilation. Nitrate, found in our diet and abundant in mammalian tissues and circulation, is activated via reduction to nitrite predominantly by our commensal oral microbiome. The subsequent in vivo reduction of nitrite, a stable vascular reserve of NO, is facilitated by a number of haem‐containing and molybdenum‐cofactor proteins. NO generation from nitrite is enhanced during physiological and pathological hypoxia and in disease states involving ischaemia–reperfusion injury. As such, modulation of these NO vascular repositories via exogenously supplied nitrite and nitrate has been evaluated as a therapeutic approach in a number of diseases. Ultimately, the chemical biology of nitrate and nitrite is governed by local concentrations, reaction equilibrium constants, and the generation of transient intermediates, with kinetic rate constants modulated at differing physiological pH values and oxygen tensions.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc
Depressive symptoms, frailty, and adverse outcomes among kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Konel Jonathan M. , Warsame Fatima , Ying Hao , Haugen Christine E. , Mountford Alexandra , Chu Nadia M. , Crews Deidra C. , Desai Niraj M. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline M. , Walston Jeremy D. , Norman Silas P. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDepressive symptoms and frailty are each independently associated with morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. We hypothesized that having both depressive symptoms and frailty would be synergistic and worse than the independent effect of each. In a multicenter cohort study of 773 KT recipients, we measured the Fried frailty phenotype and the modified 18‐question Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale (CES‐D). Using adjusted Poisson regression and survival analysis, we tested whether depressive symptoms (CES‐D score > 14) and frailty were associated with KT length of stay (LOS), death‐censored graft failure (DCGF), and mortality. At KT admission, 10.0% of patients exhibited depressive symptoms, 16.3% were frail, and 3.6% had both. Recipients with depressive symptoms were more likely to be frail (aOR = 3.97, 95% CI: 2.28‐6.91, P < 0.001). Recipients with both depressive symptoms and frailty had a 1.88 times (95% CI: 1.70‐2.08, P < 0.001) longer LOS, 6.20‐fold (95% CI:1.67‐22.95, P < 0.01) increased risk of DCGF, and 2.62‐fold (95% CI:1.03‐6.70, P = 0.04) increased risk of mortality, compared to those who were nonfrail and without depressive symptoms. There was only evidence of synergistic effect of frailty and depressive symptoms on length of stay (P for interaction < 0.001). Interventions aimed at reducing pre‐KT depressive symptoms and frailty should be explored for their impact on post‐KT outcomes.
Antibody‐mediated rejection implies a poor prognosis in kidney transplantation: Results from a single center
Authors: Ciancio Gaetano , Gaynor Jeffrey J. , Guerra Giselle , Sageshima Junichiro , Roth David , Chen Linda , Kupin Warren , Mattiazzi Adela , Tueros Lissett , Ruiz Phillip , Vianna Rodrigo , Burke George W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTwo major barriers to achieving long‐term graft survival include patient nonadherence in taking the prescribed immunosuppression and antibody‐mediated rejection(AMR). We were therefore interested in determining the prognostic impact of developing an AMR component to rejection in a prospective randomized trial of 200 kidney transplant recipients who received dual induction therapy (rATG combined with either daclizumab or alemtuzumab) and planned early corticosteroid withdrawal. With a median follow‐up of 96 months post‐transplant, 40/200 developed a first BPAR; 9/200 developed a second BPAR. An AMR component to rejection was observed in 70% (28/40) of cases. Percentages having C4d deposition, histopathologic evidence of acute AMR, and presence of DSAs/non‐DSAs at the time of first developing the AMR component were 64.3% (18/28), 60.7% (17/28), and 53.6% (15/28), respectively. Development of an AMR component was associated with a significantly higher death‐censored graft failure rate following rejection in comparison with the patient state of experiencing BPAR but without developing an AMR component (estimated hazard ratio: 4.52, P = 0.01). The observed percentage developing graft failure following development of an AMR component was 53.6% (15/28) vs only 20.0%(3/15) if it was not observed. Actuarial death‐censored graft survival at 60 months following development of an AMR component was 28.3 ± 11.9%. In summary, it appears that more effective AMR prevention/treatment strategies are warranted.
Is chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) in children the same condition as in adults?
Authors: Sa Mario , Green Lydia , Abdel‐Mannan Omar , Chong W K Kling , Jacques Thomas , Clarke Antonia , Childs Anne‐Marie , Lim Ming , Hemingway Cheryl , Hacohen Yael 
Published: August 2018

This case series describes three children with chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS), an inflammatory condition characterized by a relapsing–remitting disease course responsive to steroids. The patients (two males, age 3y and 13y; one female, age 14y) presented with ataxia, dysarthria, and multiple cranial neuropathies. All patients demonstrated bilateral nodular lesions with contrast enhancement in the brainstem and cerebellum on magnetic resonance imaging, and perivascular lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrates on brain biopsies. Despite an initially good response to corticosteroids, all patients eventually became steroid‐dependent or ‐resistant, with frequent relapses on maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. Natalizumab and intravenous immunoglobulin stopped neurological disease progression in Patient 1 but he died at 17 years from respiratory complications. Patient 2 went into remission on infliximab and intravenous methylprednisolone for several months but was then diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus driven B‐cell lymphoma 3 years after symptom onset. Patient 3 failed to respond to treatment and died 4 years after diagnosis. CLIPPERS disease in children is aggressive, with poor response to immunotherapy. Earlier use of newer immunotherapeutic agents such as natalizumab may be beneficial. Potential side effects need to be considered carefully.What this paper adds

Paediatric chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) appears a more severe condition than previously reported in adults.

Aggressive treatment before neuroaxonal loss may be required for a better outcome.
Migratory monarchs that encounter resident monarchs show life‐history differences and higher rates of parasite infection
Authors: Satterfield Dara A. , Maerz John C. , Hunter Mark D. , Flockhart D.T. Tyler , Hobson Keith A. , Norris D. Ryan , Streit Hillary , de Roode Jacobus C. , Altizer Sonia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEnvironmental change induces some wildlife populations to shift from migratory to resident behaviours. Newly formed resident populations could influence the health and behaviour of remaining migrants. We investigated migrant–resident interactions among monarch butterflies and consequences for life history and parasitism. Eastern North American monarchs migrate annually to Mexico, but some now breed year‐round on exotic milkweed in the southern US and experience high infection prevalence of protozoan parasites. Using stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C) and cardenolide profiles to estimate natal origins, we show that migrant and resident monarchs overlap during fall and spring migration. Migrants at sites with residents were 13 times more likely to have infections and three times more likely to be reproductive (outside normal breeding season) compared to other migrants. Exotic milkweed might either attract migrants that are already infected or reproductive, or alternatively, induce these states. Increased migrant–resident interactions could affect monarch parasitism, migratory success and long‐term conservation.
Phase‐amplitude coupling between interictal high‐frequency activity and slow waves in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Motoi Hirotaka , Miyakoshi Makoto , Abel Taylor J. , Jeong Jeong‐Won , Nakai Yasuo , Sugiura Ayaka , Luat Aimee F. , Agarwal Rajkumar , Sood Sandeep , Asano Eishi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe hypothesized that the modulation index (MI), a summary measure of the strength of phase‐amplitude coupling between high‐frequency activity (>150 Hz) and the phase of slow waves (3‐4 Hz), would serve as a useful interictal biomarker for epilepsy presurgical evaluation.MethodsWe investigated 123 patients who underwent focal cortical resection following extraoperative electrocorticography recording and had at least 1 year of postoperative follow‐up. We examined whether consideration of MI would improve the prediction of postoperative seizure outcome. MI was measured at each intracranial electrode site during interictal slow‐wave sleep. We compared the accuracy of prediction of patients achieving International League Against Epilepsy class 1 outcome between the full multivariate logistic regression model incorporating MI in addition to conventional clinical, seizure onset zone (SOZ), and neuroimaging variables, and the reduced logistic regression model incorporating all variables other than MI.ResultsNinety patients had class 1 outcome at the time of most recent follow‐up (mean follow‐up = 5.7 years). The full model had a noteworthy outcome predictive ability, as reflected by regression model fit R2 of 0.409 and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic plot of 0.838. Incomplete resection of SOZ (P < 0.001), larger number of antiepileptic drugs at the time of surgery (P = 0.007), and larger MI in nonresected tissues relative to that in resected tissue (P = 0.020) were independently associated with a reduced probability of class 1 outcome. The reduced model had a lower predictive ability as reflected by R2 of 0.266 and AUC of 0.767. Anatomical variability in MI existed among nonepileptic electrode sites, defined as those unaffected by magnetic resonance imaging lesion, SOZ, or interictal spike discharges. With MI adjusted for anatomical variability, the full model yielded the outcome predictive ability of R2 of 0.422, AUC of 0.844, and sensitivity/specificity of 0.86/0.76.SignificanceMI during interictal recording may provide useful information for the prediction of postoperative seizure outcome.
Good vibrations: Itch induction by whole body vibration exercise without the need of a pruritogen
Authors: Mueller Simon , Fischer Marilena , Herger Simon , Nüesch Corina , Egloff Christian , Itin Peter , Cajacob Lucian , Brandt Oliver , Mündermann Annegret 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMechanically induced itch is an important cofactor in many patients with chronic itch. However, studying mechanical itch in a controlled environment is challenging because it is difficult to evoke. We investigated the use of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise, a training method used for musculoskeletal rehabilitation, to experimentally evoke mechanical itch. Mild to severe itch ascending from the soles to the groins was evoked in 16 of 20 healthy participants. We observed a characteristic on/off itch crescendo pattern reflecting the alternating intervals of vibration and no vibration. Wheals or an angioedema was absent, and serum mast cell tryptase was not increased by the exercise. Participants described the evoked sensation primarily as “itching” with some nociceptive components. Itch intensity correlated with the intensity of a concomitant erythema (R = 0.45, P = 0.043) and with the rise in skin temperature (R = 0.54, P = 0.017). Hence, WBV can be used as an easily applicable, noninvasive, investigator‐ and user‐friendly framework for studying mechanical itch. Moreover, WBV allows to “switch itch on and off” rapidly and to simultaneously study interactions between itch, skin blood flow and skin temperature.
Thresholds and drivers of coral calcification responses to climate change
Authors: Kornder Niklas A. , Riegl Bernhard M. , Figueiredo Joana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIncreased temperature and CO2 levels are considered key drivers of coral reef degradation. However, individual assessments of ecological responses (calcification) to these stressors are often contradicting. To detect underlying drivers of heterogeneity in coral calcification responses, we developed a procedure for the inclusion of stress–effect relationships in ecological meta‐analyses. We applied this technique to a dataset of 294 empirical observations from 62 peer‐reviewed publications testing individual and combined effects of elevated temperature and pCO2 on coral calcification. Our results show an additive interaction between warming and acidification, which reduces coral calcification by 20% when pCO2 levels exceed 700 ppm and temperature increases by 3°C. However, stress levels varied among studies and significantly affected outcomes, with unaffected calcification rates under moderate stresses (pCO2 ≤ 700 ppm, ΔT < 3°C). Future coral reef carbon budgets will therefore depend on the magnitude of pCO2 and temperature elevations and, thus, anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Accounting for stress–effect relationships enabled us to identify additional drivers of heterogeneity including coral taxa, life stage, habitat, food availability, climate, and season. These differences can aid reef management identifying refuges and conservation priorities, but without a global effort to reduce CO2 emissions, coral capacity to build reefs will be at risk.
Contemporary breeding biology of critically endangered Regent Honeyeaters: implications for conservation
Authors: Crates Ross , Rayner Laura , Stojanovic Dejan , Webb Matthew , Terauds Aleks , Heinsohn Robert 
Published: August 2018

Identifying factors influencing the demographics of threatened species is essential for conservation, but a lack of comprehensive demographic data often impedes the effective conservation of rare and mobile species. We monitored breeding of critically endangered and semi‐nomadic Regent Honeyeaters Anthochaera phrygia (global population c. 100 pairs) over 3 years throughout their range. Overall nest success probability (0.317) was highly spatially variable and considerably lower than previous estimates for this (and many other honeyeater) species, as was productivity of successful nests (mean 1.58 juveniles fledged). Nest surveillance revealed high predation rates by a range of birds and arboreal mammals as the primary cause of nest failure. An estimated 12% of pairs either failed to establish a territory or their nests did not reach the egg stage. We also found a male bias to the adult sex ratio, with an estimated 1.18 males per female. Juvenile survival for the first 2 weeks after fledging was high (86%). Management interventions that aim to increase nest success in areas of low nest survival must be investigated to address an apparent decline in reproductive output and avoid extinction of the Regent Honeyeater. We show that temporal and spatial variation in the breeding success of rare and highly mobile species can be quantified with robust population monitoring using sampling regimens that account for their life histories. Understanding the causes of spatio‐temporal variation in breeding success can enhance conservation outcomes for such species through spatially and temporally targeted recovery actions.
The roles of TNFAIP2 in cancers and infectious diseases
Authors: Jia Lin , Shi Yundong , Wen Yi , Li Wei , Feng Jing , Chen Ceshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTNFα‐induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2) is a primary response gene of TNFα. TNFAIP2 is highly expressed in immune cells and the urinary bladder. The expression of TNFAIP2 is regulated by multiple transcription factors and signalling pathways, including NF‐κB, KLF5 and retinoic acid. Physiologically, TNFAIP2 appears to be a multiple functional mediator not only for inflammation, angiogenesis and tunneling nanotube (TNT) formation but also as a regulator of cell proliferation and migration. The expression of TNFAIP2 is frequently abnormal in human cancers and in infectious diseases. Due to its significant functions in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, TNFAIP2 could be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
Radiation effects on Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) reproductive behaviour
Authors: Krüger Alexandra P. , Schlesener Daniele C. H. , Martins Liliane N. , Wollmann Jutiane , Deprá Maríndia , Garcia Flávio R. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFemale remating is a widespread behaviour, reported in several insect species. This behaviour can affect the efficiency of sterile insect technique (SIT); however, little is known about the postcopulatory behaviour of some pest species considered as candidates to be controlled by this technique, such as Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). In this study, we investigated the effects of male and female sterilization on mating and remating behaviour of D. suzukii. First, we tested the occurrence of multiple mating in different combinations between sterile and fertile males and females. Then, we tested the effects of male and female sterility on female propensity to mate and remate. We found an overall low remating rate by D. suzukii females. Male sterility did not influence mating and remating likelihood; however, copula duration of sterile males was shorter compared to fertile males. On the other hand, sterile females were less likely to mate. Our findings encourage further research regarding the use of SIT to control D. suzukii.
A qualitative exploration of patients’ experiences with and perceptions of recommencing feeding after colorectal surgery
Authors: Rattray M. , Marshall A. P. , Desbrow B. , Roberts S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany patients who undergo lower gastrointestinal surgery neither recommence feeding within timeframes outlined by evidence‐based guidelines, nor meet their nutrition requirements in hospital. Given that the success of timely and adequate post‐operative feeding is largely reliant on patient adherence, the present study explored patients’ perceptions of recommencing feeding after colorectal surgery to determine areas of improvement to meet their needs and expectations.MethodsThis qualitative study involved one‐on‐one, semi‐structured interviews with patients receiving care after colorectal surgery in an Australian tertiary teaching hospital. Purposive sampling was used to ensure maximal variation in age, sex, procedural type and post‐operative nutrition care experience. Interviews were audio recorded, with data transcribed verbatim before being thematically analysed. Emergent themes and subthemes were discussed by all investigators to ensure consensus of interpretation.ResultsSixteen patients were interviewed (female 56%; age 61.5 ± 12.3 years). Three overarching themes emerged from the data: (i) patients make food‐related decisions based on ideologies, experience and trust; (ii) patients appreciate the opportunity to participate in their nutrition care; and (iii) how dietary information is communicated influences patients’ perceptions of and behaviours towards nutrition.ConclusionsEnabling patients to select from a wide range of foods from post‐operative day 1 (by prescribing an unrestricted diet in line with evidence‐based practice guidelines) in conjunction with delivering clear, simple and encouraging dietary‐related information may facilitate patient participation in care and increase oral intakes among patients who have undergone colorectal surgery.
Pallidin is a novel interacting protein for cytohesin‐2 and regulates the early endosomal pathway and dendritic formation in neurons
Authors: Ito Akiko , Fukaya Masahiro , Saegusa Shintaro , Kobayashi Emi , Sugawara Takeyuki , Hara Yoshinobu , Yamauchi Junji , Okamoto Hirotsugu , Sakagami Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCytohesin‐2 is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors for ADP ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) and Arf6, which are small GTPases that regulate membrane traffic and actin dynamics. In this study, we first demonstrated that cytohesin‐2 localized to the plasma membrane and vesicles in various subcellular compartment in hippocampal neurons by immunoelectron microscopy. Next, to understand the molecular network of cytohesin‐2 in neurons, we conducted yeast two‐hybrid screening of brain cDNA libraries using cytohesin‐2 as bait and isolated pallidin, a component of the biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles complex 1 (BLOC‐1) involved in endosomal trafficking. Pallidin interacted specifically with cytohesin‐2 among cytohesin family members. Glutathione S‐transferase pull‐down and immunoprecipitation assays further confirmed the formation of a protein complex between cytohesin‐2 and pallidin. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that cytohesin‐2 and pallidin partially colocalized in various subsets of endosomes immunopositive for EEA1, syntaxin 12, and LAMP2 in hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of pallidin or cytohesin‐2 reduced cytoplasmic EEA1‐positive early endosomes. Furthermore, knockdown of pallidin increased the total dendritic length of cultured hippocampal neurons, which was rescued by co‐expression of wild‐type pallidin but not a mutant lacking the ability to interact with cytohesin‐2. In contrast, knockdown of cytohesin‐2 had the opposite effect on total dendritic length. The present results suggested that the interaction between pallidin and cytohesin‐2 may participate in various neuronal functions such as endosomal trafficking and dendritic formation in hippocampal neurons.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14197.