bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is augmented LISS plating biomechanically advantageous over conventional LISS plating in unstable osteoporotic distal femoral fractures?
Authors: Todorov Dimitar , Zderic Ivan , Richards Robert Geoff , Lenz Mark , Knobe Matthias , Enchev Dian , Baltov Asen , Gueorguiev Boyko , Stoffel Karl 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTTreatment of complex osteoporotic distal femur fractures with the Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) has been associated with high complication rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical competence of two different techniques of augmented versus conventional LISS plating. Unstable distal femoral fracture AO/OTA 33‐A3 was created via osteotomies in artificial femora simulating osteoporotic bone. Three study groups, consisting of 10 specimens each, were created for fixation with either LISS plate, LISS plate with additional polylactide intramedullary graft, or LISS plate plus medial locking plate (double plating). All specimens were non‐destructively tested under axial (20–150 N) and torsional (0–4 Nm) quasi‐static loading. Each bone‐implant construct was tested with two different working length (WL) configurations (long and short) of the LISS plate. Relative movements between the most medial superior and inferior osteotomy aspects were investigated via three‐dimensional motion tracking analysis. Double plating revealed significantly smaller longitudinal and shear displacement than the other two techniques (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, LISS plus graft fixation was with significantly less longitudinal displacement in comparison to conventional LISS plating (p < 0.001). Long WL resulted in significantly higher longitudinal and shear displacement compared to short WL for LISS and LISS plus graft (p ≤ 0.032), but not for double plating (p > 0.999). In conclusion, intramedullary grafting resulted in significantly increased fracture stability under axial loading in comparison to conventional LISS plating. Although it was not efficient enough to provide comparable stability to double plating, intramedullary grafting may be considered as a useful biological alternative to the latter in a surgeon's armamentarium. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2604–2611, 2018.
mTOR‐mediated inactivation of 4E‐BP1, an inhibitor of translation, precedes cartilage degeneration in rat osteoarthritic knees
Authors: Katsara Olga , Kolupaeva Victoria 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTProper control of protein synthesis is vital for tissue homeostasis and its deregulation is characteristic of many disorders including osteoarthritis (OA). The objectives of this work were to analyze and correlate changes in activity of the translation apparatus associated with cartilage degeneration in an animal model of OA. Osteoarthritis was induced surgically in rats by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Using a modified Mankin scoring system and analysis of protein expression we demonstrated, that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)‐mediated 4E‐BP1 phosphorylation was detected significantly earlier than other mTORC1‐mediated modifications, such as p70S6K and ULK1 phosphorylation. 4E‐BP1 is an inhibitor of cap‐dependent translation those functions are inhibited by mTORC1 mediated phosphorylation. This signaling event not only preceded prominent signs of cartilage degeneration but also the increase in global protein synthesis rate. These results suggest that abnormal mTORC1 activity is one of the primary dysregulations observed in OA cartilage. Importantly, it is distributed disproportionately between targets, with 4E‐BP1 being phosphorylated earlier than other downstream targets. Thus, our work provides new insights into the sequence of molecular events leading to cartilage destruction in OA and identifies translational control as an important regulatory hub involved in initiating OA. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2728–2735, 2018.
Joint contracture is reduced by intra‐articular implantation of rosiglitazone‐loaded hydrogels in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis
Authors: Arsoy Diren , Salib Christopher G. , Trousdale William H. , Tibbo Meagan E. , Limberg Afton K. , Viste Anthony , Lewallen Eric A. , Reina Nicolas , Yaszemski Michael J. , Berry Daniel J. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Morrey Mark E. , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTTrauma, surgery, and other inflammatory conditions can lead to debilitating joint contractures. Adjunct pharmacologic modalities may permit clinical prevention and treatment of recalcitrant joint contractures. We investigated the therapeutic potential of rosiglitazone by intra‐articular delivery via oligo[poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate] (OPF) hydrogels in an established rabbit model of arthrofibrosis. OPF hydrogels loaded with rosiglitazone were characterized for drug elution properties upon soaking in minimum essential media (MEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum and measurements of drug concentrations via High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Drug‐loaded scaffolds were surgically implanted into 24 skeletally mature female New Zealand White rabbits that were divided into equal groups receiving OPF hydrogels loaded with rosiglitazone (1.67 mg), or vehicle control (10 µl DMSO). After 8 weeks of joint immobilization, rabbits were allowed unrestricted cage activity for 16 weeks. Contracture angles of rabbit limbs treated with rosiglitazone showed statistically significant improvements in flexion compared to control animals (mean angles, respectively, 64.4° vs. 53.3°, p < 0.03). At time of sacrifice (week 24), animals in the rosiglitazone group continued to exhibit less joint contracture than controls (119.0° vs. 99.5°, p = 0.014). The intra‐articular delivery of rosiglitazone using implanted OPF hydrogels decreases flexion contractures in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis without causing adverse effects (e.g., gross inflammation or arthritis). Statement of Clinical Significance: Post‐traumatic joint contractures are common and debilitating, with limited available treatment options. Pharmacologic interventions can potentially prevent and treat such contractures. This study is translational in that a commercially approved medication has been repurposed through a novel delivery device. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2949–2955, 2018.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Zhou Ming , Chen Yiping , Zou Jiaxi , Bu Juncheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSulfonated Gemini surfactants are a relatively new class of anion surfactants, composed of 2 or more sulfonated surfactant monomers connected by a spacer at or near the head groups through a covalent bond. In general, the sulfonated Gemini surfactants show better properties compared to conventional anionic surfactants including better surface activity, a lower critical micelle concentration, enhanced detergency, excellent compatibility with other surfactants, and better solubility in high ionic strength systems. This article reviews the synthesis of the sulfonated Gemini surfactants using different raw materials. Based on the existing information in the literature, new ideas are proposed for the synthesis and application of the sulfonated Gemini surfactants.
Enhancement of antroquinonol production during batch fermentation using pH control coupled with an oxygen vector
Authors: Xia Yongjun , Chen Yan , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhou Xuan , Wang Zhaochu , Wang Guangqiang , Xiong Zhiqiang , Ai Lianzhong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivative that shows anticancer and anti‐inflammatory activities, is produced during solid‐state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata; however, it cannot be biosynthesized via conventional submerged fermentation.RESULTSA method for enhancing the biosynthesis of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding an oxygen vector in a 7 L bioreactor was studied. In shake‐flask experiments, a maximum antroquinonol production of 31.39 ± 0.78 mg L−1 was obtained by fermentation with adding 0.2 g L−1 coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), at the 96th hour. Following kinetic analysis of the fermentation process, pH control strategies were investigated. A maximum antroquinonol production of 86.47 ± 3.65 mg L−1 was achieved when the pH was maintained at 5.0, which exhibited an increase of 348.03% higher than the batch without pH regulation (19.30 ± 0.88 mg L−1). The conversion rate of CoQ0 improved from 1.51% to 20.20%. Further research revealed that the addition of n‐tetradecane could increase the production of antroquinonol to 115.62 ± 4.87 mg L−1 by increasing the dissolved oxygen in the fermentation broth.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that pH played an important role in antroquinonol synthesis in the presence of the effective precursor CoQ0. It was a very effective strategy to increase the yield of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding oxygen vector. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic monitoring suggests increasing structure following recolonization by fishers
Authors: Greenhorn Janet E. , Bowman Jeff , Wilson Paul J. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPopulation bottlenecks, fragmentation, and isolation can have lasting effects on population genetic structure by decreasing diversity and increasing differentiation among regions. Fishers (Pekania pennanti) were extirpated from many regions of Ontario, Canada, in the early twentieth century because of overharvest, habitat loss, and predator control, although the species has since recolonized much of its former range. Between 2001 and 2003, the recolonized population could be split into several genetically distinct clusters likely corresponding to historical trapping refuges. We reassessed the genetic diversity and population structure of fishers approximately 10 years after recolonization to determine whether homogenization had occurred among genetic clusters, and whether hypothesized northward migration had continued following recolonization of southeastern Ontario by fishers from the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA. We found no significant changes in the uppermost level of genetic structure but did find evidence of increased lower‐level structure and decreased migration throughout the province, contrary to our hypothesis. This may be indicative of a reduction in fisher density or could be due to the population reaching a migration‐drift equilibrium following a period of rapid expansion. Our results highlight the potential importance and utility of continued genetic monitoring following local extirpation and recolonization. Conservation managers can use periodically sampled population genetic information to adapt and update management strategies. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Sample size considerations for satellite telemetry and animal distributions
Authors: Roberts Anthony , Silverman Emily , Gifford Suzanne 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTSatellite telemetry is a powerful tool used to follow animals through their annual life cycle, informing the understanding of behavior and distribution of many species. Because boreal‐ and arctic‐nesting North American sea duck populations are challenging to survey, satellite telemetry is important for describing breeding distributions and identifying breeding population structure. Accurate knowledge of breeding distributions is needed for effective habitat and harvest management, but satellite telemetry is expensive so it is important to consider the effort necessary to accurately map breeding distributions. We construct 3 theoretical breeding distributions using existing telemetry data from 3 species of sea ducks, Barrow's goldeneye (Bucephala islandica), surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and black scoter (M. americana), by fitting kernel densities to approximate breeding locations of individual birds. Then we determined the minimum sample size needed to approximate these theoretical breeding distributions by assessing the overlap between breeding densities simulated by sampling from the distributions and the theoretical breeding densities. Diminishing information gains with additional effort (i.e., <1–5% improvement in prediction) were reached with sample sizes ranging from 80 to 130. Sea duck mortality, transmitter failure, and exclusion of non‐breeding individuals resulted in an effective sample size smaller than the number of birds originally marked. For the cases we considered, obtaining breeding locations for 80–130 individuals would require marking 11–41% more birds than the sample size goal. Thus, although satellite telemetry provides valuable information on sea duck populations, our analysis suggests that accurately estimating the extent and relative use of breeding habitats requires substantial investment. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Canada goose gosling survival of the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population
Authors: Watts Katherine G. , Williams Christopher K. , Nichols Theodore C. , Castelli Paul M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTGosling losses account for the majority of summer mortality for Canada geese (Branta canadensis), but survival at this stage can be difficult to estimate because of their small size, precocial behavior, and the land cover in which they live. Previous methods of measuring gosling survival often used individual markers, which can bias estimates when not accounting for total brood loss or emigration. We estimated gosling survival of Canada geese in the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population (AFRP) in New Jersey, USA, during 2009–2010 through use of marked parents and young to incorporate total and partial brood losses. The proportion of marked parents who lost their entire brood occurring during the first 3 weeks after hatch and prior to banding was 0.316. Gosling survival that accounted for partial brood loss was 0.461 ± 0.027 (SE), and was most influenced by nest density and the percent agriculture land use within 215 m of the nest site. The gosling survival estimate incorporating total and partial brood losses during this study was 0.315 ± 0.018. Acquiring current reproductive vital rates will assist in understanding the dynamics of recruitment as a function of population size. The above information, in combination with nest survival and annual survival estimates from band recovery and recapture analyses, has been used to inform a population model for Canada geese in the AFRP. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Collagen disruption as a marker for basal cell carcinoma in presurgical margin detection
Authors: Rohani Pooyan , Yaroslavsky Anna N. , Feng Xin , Jermain Peter , Shaath Tarek , Neel Victor A. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction and ObjectiveNonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies in the United States. Surgery is the most common treatment for these tumors, but pre‐operative identification of surgical margins is challenging. The objective in this study was to determine whether optical polarization imaging (OPI) could be used prior to surgery to detect the extent of subclinical tumor spread by monitoring disruption in collagen.Materials and MethodsOPI is a non‐invasive and rapid imaging modality that highlights the structure of dermal collagen. OPI was used preoperatively at wavelengths of 440 and 640 nm to perform imaging of NMSCs on six patients scheduled to undergo Mohs surgery for biopsy‐proven basal cell carcinoma. This pilot study did not alter the course of routine MMS for any of the patients. The surgeon was blinded from the preoperative imaging results and completed the entire procedure without relying on the new technology. The study was conducted in an outpatient surgical setting. Patients over 18 years of age with biopsy‐proven basal cell carcinoma participated.Results and ConclusionOPI accurately predicted the presence or absence of tumor at the surgical margin in six out of six cases, as confirmed on histology. OPI may allow efficient surgical planning by identifying tumor extension beyond visibly involved skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:902–907, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redox‐Responsive and Thermoresponsive Supramolecular Nanosheet Gels with High Young's Moduli
Authors: Zheng Yijun , Wang Dapeng , Cui Jiaxi , Mezger Markus , Auernhammer Günter K. , Koynov Kaloian , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Ikeda Taichi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSupramolecular gels made from 2D building blocks are emerging as one of the novel multifunctional soft materials for various applications. This study reports on a class of supramolecular nanosheet gels formed through a reversible self‐assembly process involving both intramolecular folding and intermolecular self‐assembly of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)‐co‐(phenyl‐capped bithiophenes)]. Such hierarchical self‐assembled structure allows the gels to switch between sol and gel states under either redox or thermostimulus. Moreover, the gels illustrate high Young's moduli, compared to their controls that are made from the same oligo(ethylene glycol) and phenyl‐capped bithiophenes blocks but have highly covalent‐crosslinked structures. The example might open a window for emerging supramolecular 2D materials to develop mechanically robust and stimuli‐responsive soft materials without compromising their intrinsic functions.
Eggerthella timonensis sp. nov, a new species isolated from the stool sample of a pygmy female
Authors: Bilen Melhem , Fonkou Maxime Descartes Mbogning , Tomei Enora , Armstrong Nicholas , Bittar Fadi , Lagier Jean‐Christophe , Daoud Ziad , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard , Raoult Didier , Cadoret Frédéric 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEggerthella timonensis strain Marseille‐P3135 is a new bacterial species, isolated from the stool sample of a healthy 8‐year‐old pygmy female. This strain (LT598568) showed a 16S rRNA sequence similarity of 96.95% with its phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature Eggerthella lenta strain DSM 2243 (AF292375). This bacterium is a nonspore forming, Gram‐positive, nonmotile rod with catalase but no oxidase activity. Its genome is 3,916,897 bp long with 65.17 mol% of G + C content. Of the 3,371 predicted genes, 57 were RNAs and 3,314 were protein‐coding genes. Here, we report the main phenotypic, biochemical, and genotypic characteristics of E. timonensis strain Marseille‐P3135 (=CSUR P3135, =CCUG 70327); ti.mo.nen′sis, N.L. masc. adj., with timonensis referring to La Timone, which is the name of the hospital in Marseille (France) where this work was performed). Strain is a nonmotile Gram‐positive rod, unable to sporulate, oxidase negative, and catalase positive. It grows under anaerobic conditions between 25°C and 42°C but optimally at 37°C.
Genomic and phenotypic description of the newly isolated human species Collinsella bouchesdurhonensis sp. nov.
Authors: Bilen Melhem , Beye Mamadou , Mbogning Fonkou Maxime Descartes , Khelaifia Saber , Cadoret Frédéric , Armstrong Nicholas , Nguyen Thi Tien , Delerce Jérémy , Daoud Ziad , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing culturomics, a recently developed strategy based on diversified culture conditions for the isolation of previously uncultured bacteria, we isolated strain Marseille‐P3296T from a fecal sample of a healthy pygmy female. A multiphasic approach, taxono‐genomics, was used to describe the major characteristics of this anaerobic and gram‐positive bacillus that is unable to sporulate and is not motile. The genome of this bacterium is 1,878,572 bp‐long with a 57.94 mol% G + C content. On the basis of these characteristics and after comparison with its closest phylogenetic neighbors, we are confident that strain Marseille‐P3296T (=CCUG 70328 = CSUR P3296) is the type strain of a novel species for which we propose the name Collinsella bouchesdurhonensis sp. nov.
Machine Learning Classification Models to Improve the Docking‐based Screening: A Case of PI3K‐Tankyrase Inhibitors
Authors: Berishvili Vladimir P. , Voronkov Andrew E. , Radchenko Eugene V. , Palyulin Vladimir A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOne of the major challenges in the current drug discovery is the improvement of the docking‐based virtual screening performance. It is especially important in the rational design of compounds with desired polypharmacology or selectivity profiles. To address this problem, we present a methodology for the development of target‐specific scoring functions possessing high screening power. These scoring functions were built using the machine learning methods for the dual target inhibitors of PI3Kα and tankyrase, promising targets for colorectal cancer therapy. The Deep Neural Network models achieve the external test AUC ROC values of 0.96 and 0.93 for the random split and 0.90 and 0.84 for the time‐based split of the PI3Kα and tankyrase inhibitors, respectively. In addition, the impact of the training set size and the actives/decoys ratio on the model quality was assessed. The study demonstrates that the optimized scoring functions could significantly improve the docking screening power for each individual target. This is very useful in the design of multitarget or selective drugs wherein the screening filters are applied in sequence.
α‐Cedrene, a Newly Identified Ligand of MOR23, Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength
Authors: Tong Tao , Kim Minji , Park Taesun 
Published: June 2018

ScopeSkeletal muscle atrophy is a common and debilitating condition that lacks an effective therapy. In this study, the effects of α‐cedrene are tested, a natural ligand of mouse olfactory receptor 23 (MOR23) whose ectopic function regulating myogenesis on skeletal muscle growth was reported recently.Methods and resultsα‐Cedrene not only stimulated hypertrophy but also attenuated free fatty acid‐induced atrophy of cultured skeletal myotubes, as evidenced by an increased myotube diameter, fusion index, and total cellular protein content. These hypertrophic and antiatrophic properties of α‐cedrene in cultured myotubes were confirmed in corresponding mouse models. The skeletal muscle mass, total muscle protein content, average cross‐sectional area of myofibers, and muscle strength were significantly greater in α‐cedrene‐treated mice compared with untreated animals during either a regular chow diet or high‐fat diet. Receptor knockdown experiments using RNA interference in cultured skeletal myotubes revealed that the hypertrophic and antiatrophic properties of α‐cedrene may be mediated by MOR23. Furthermore, α‐cedrene induced the expression of MOR23 and enhanced its downstream cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–protein kinase A (PKA)–cyclic AMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (CREB) signaling in the skeletal muscle of mice fed chow or high‐fat diet.Conclusionsα‐Cedrene is a promising agent that may be applied to enhance the mass and strength of skeletal muscle.