bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing haptic feedback of subsurfaces during needle insertion
Authors: Antoni Sven-Thomas , Soltau Stefan , Beringhoff Jens , Rajput Omer , Otte Christoph , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Haptic feedback can be helpful for accurate needle insertion but is complicated by friction on the needle shaft. Concepts to directly measure the forces at the needle tip exist but cause additional cost and complexity. Moreover, haptic devices may show inaccuracies in recreating forces. We present a novel force feedback method that uses needle shaft forces and enhances haptic feedback of subsurfaces based on robotic ultrasound elastography. This approach allows to overcome accuracy limitations of haptic devices. We evaluate our method in a volunteer subject study using recordings from a robotic needle driver setup. We compare haptic feedback based on shaft and enhanced force for the detection of surfaces inside of gelatin phantoms. Using our method, the error of subsurface detection decreased from more than 16 to about 1.7 mm for the first subsurface. A second subsurface was solely detectable using our method with an error of only 1.4 mm. Insertion time decreased by more than 32%. The results indicate that our enhanced sensor is suitable to detect subsurfaces for untrained subjects using a haptic feedback device of limited accuracy.
Standardized technique of water permeability measurement for biomedical applications
Authors: Grossmann Swen , Siewert Stefan , Ott Robert , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Kohse Stefanie , Schmidt Wolfram , Grabow Niels 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Standardized methods and measures are ubiquitous in biomedical engineering and a key factor for the successful development and certification of novel biomaterials, implants or other medical devices. Hence, the development of standardized measurement techniques, which can be applied to nearly every material and device is of crucial importance. Within the current work, we introduce a method to evaluate the water permeability according to ISO/FDIS 7198. The setup was designed to determine the volumetric flow through a test sample for a given hydraulic pressure. One key feature is the effortless replacement of the chamber containing the test sample. The measurement technique can thus be applied to a variety of materials and medical devices. To demonstrate the functionality of the setup we fabricated nanofiber membranes using the process of electrospinning. Nonwovens with comparable thickness and varying morphology were analyzed with regard to water permeability. In particular the different fiber diameters as well as the modified inter-fiber distances result in large deviations of the water permeability. Furthermore, there are hints for a rearrangement of the nanofibers due to the applied hydraulic pressure. The developed measurement technique provides a powerful tool for the standardized quantification of the water permeability and can be applied to a variety of biomaterials and medical devices.
Nanofibrous polyamide 6 scaffolds promote adhesion of endothelial cells
Authors: Khaimov Valeria , Kohse Stefanie , Arbeiter Daniela , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The usage of synthetic scaffolds is a promising approach in development of implant materials. In this study we fabricated nanofibrous nonwovens of polyamide 6 (PA-6) by means of electrospinning and performed a systematic characterization with regard to the mechanical and biological performance of scaffold materials. Mechanical strength was assessed by uniaxial tensile testing and biological performance was evaluated by measuring cell viability and qualitative analysis of cellular morphology when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926) or human fibroblasts (HT-1080) were grown on polymeric substrates. While all polymeric materials exhibited an excellent biocompatibility with respect to cell viability, their surface topography promoted the adhesion of endothelial but not fibroblast cells. A better understanding of the physicochemical and morphological material properties with a selective impact on cell adhesion will help to further improve biocompatibility of nonwovens for biomedical applications.
Nanostructuring of Titanium by Anodic Oxidation with Sulfuric and Hydrofluoric Acid
Authors: Doll P. W. , Wolf M. , Weichert M. , Ahrens R. , Guber A. E. , Spindler B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Within this work we demonstrate different Anodic Oxidation processes to achieve a broad variety of nanostructures on titanium and the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V for the use as medical implant surfaces. The influence of electrolyte, reaction time and voltage on the nanostructure formation is described as well as the transfer to microstructured surfaces. As electrolytes we investigate sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids with different concentrations. The resulting nanostructures reach from nano porosities over amorphous sponge like structures to self-assembled hexagonal nanotubes.
Integrating a Usability Engineering Process into a Consisting Risk Management
Authors: Scholtes Michael , Buedenbender Stephanie , Behrend Annemarie , Sohrabi Keywan , Gross Volker 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The complexity of medical devices and its user interactions increases. A growing number of incident reports are assumed to be associated primarily with user errors. This development is tackled through current modifications in standards, such as ISO 13485:2016 and legislations, such as the Medical Device Regulation. Both intensify the focus on use errors significantly. The aim of this paper was the development of a process orientated approach integrating usability engineering into a consisting risk management based on a classic V-model. An appropriate procedure was worked out. For each development step, risk and usability activities were cumulated. Thus, the present paper might help medical device manufacturers to reflect their risk management and usability management processes to find synergies. Prospectively, a step-by-step guide for the integration of risk management and usability engineering based on this approach should be developed.
Low-cost active knee orthoses – a systematic evaluation
Authors: Janzen Swantje , Stewart Kent , Pott Peter P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aging of humans induces muscle weakness. Muscle weakness results the inability to climb stairs or stand up from a chair and thus, is one of the first steps towards elderly having a less autonomous and self-sufficient life. Therefore, an accessible active knee orthosis, which especially supports these movements would be of great assistance. Recent research projects have focused on feasibility, perfection of motion control and imitation of human movement. For active knee orthoses to be accessible it must be affordable. Hence, this paper systematically evaluates the current research projects around active knee orthosis and discuss the possibilities of implementing a lowcost active knee orthosis.
Challenges of Medical Device Regulation for Small and Medium sized Enterprises
Authors: Wagner Marcel Vila , Schanze Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
For known reasons, the European Parliament was forced not only to revise the old Medical Device Directive (MDD) and the Active Implantable Medical Devices Directive (AIMDD), but to replace it with the extensive MDR. With the implementation of the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) in May 2017, manufacturers of medical devices will face new challenges for their products in the future, which also have to be implemented in a timely manner. Particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are concerned about whether a timely adaptation to the MDR and their requirements can be implemented. The conversion is associated with a huge effort for all producers of medical devices and certainly, produkt launchers. The purpose of this paper is to get an overview of the most relevant and emerging requirements that manufacturers need to adapt to sell their medical devices in compliance with the MDR regulations. It also explains the extent to which changes and innovations in the MDR are discusses and problems for SMEs.
Pacing electrode modeling and simulation of cardiac contractility modulation
Authors: Roller Tom , Heinke Matthias , Hörth Johannes 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a device-based therapy for the treatment of systolic left ventricular chronic heart failure. Unlike other devicebased therapies for heart failure, CCM delivers nonexcitatory pacing signals to the myocardium. This leads to an extension of the action potential and to an improved contractility of the heart. The modeling and simulation was done with the electromagnetic simulation software CST. Three CCM electrodes were inserted into the Offenburg heart rhythm model and subsequently simulated the electric field propagation in CCM therapy. In addition, simulations of CCM have been performed with electrodes from other device-based therapies, such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and implantable cardioverter./.defibrillator (ICD) therapy. At the same distance to the simulation electrode, the electric field is slightly stronger in CCM therapy than in CCM therapy with additionally implanted CRT or ICD electrodes. In addition, there is a change in the electric field propagation at the electrodes of the CRT and the shock electrode of the ICD. By simulating several different therapy procedures on the heart, it is possible to check how they affect their behavior during normal operation. CCM heart rhythm model simulation allows the evaluation the individual electrical pacing and sensing field during CCM.
Journeys/Viaggi: Intertwined multi-university English L2 and Italian L2 courses for bilingual and intercultural growth
Authors: Thonn Jessica A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The University of Florence’s Language Center (CLA) and the Florence seat of an American university renowned for its language programs, Middlebury College, twice intertwined their English and Italian B2/C1 foreign language courses to produce an English/Italian reciprocal learning space. In addition to disparate organizational constructs, the two institutions had slightly differing goals. Both institutions sought multiple, peer-speaking opportunities; however, in addition, Middlebury aimed for intercultural exchange with local peers. To achieve these multiple objectives, our joint courses included elements of group work, collaborative learning, and the latter’s language-acquisition offspring, task-based learning. Research drawn from the fields of management, psychology, pedagogy, sociology, and translation studies, in addition to second language acquisition, guided our instructional design choices. Students worked together outside the classroom, co-constructing knowledge in increasingly complex tasks, to produce tangible outcomes. These joint activities provided students with a space to confront their interpretations and expectations of the L2 culture with an insider’s view. Students experimented with simultaneous, sequential and reciprocal bilingualism. In the second edition of the course, Spanish L1 speakers were present in both universities, co-constructing their knowledge multilingually. The article describes the courses’ format, activities and hurdles, for those interested in setting up bilingual lessons, as well as citing germane studies from a variety of academic disciplines which guided course design.
Student perceptions and attitudes towards the use of Facebook to support the acquisition of Japanese as a second language
Authors: Kelly Niamh 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Linking Second Language Acquisition theories with a theoretically-grounded socio-constructivist pedagogical approach, this paper documents the attitudes and perceptions of first year language learners using social media (Facebook) as part of their core language module in an Irish university. Results from this study would indicate that while students acknowledge that it can support the acquisition of language, particularly grammatical and lexical knowledge, this does not necessarily mean students like it as a learning tool. Student attitudes are analysed to see if there is evidence of the major tenets of a socio-constructivist pedagogy. The analyis suggest that it supports some such tenets, namely peer-learning, student engagement, collaborative and contextualised learning. There is little evidence that it supports the tenets of motivation, self and peer assessment and a learner-centred approach.
Making languages marketable: An analysis of a promotional brochure for prospective students in an Australian tertiary institution
Authors: Amorati Riccardo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGiven the implicit disincentive that the native knowledge of a global language poses to the learning of other languages, improvement in student recruitment in language studies is a key priority for educational institutions in English-speaking countries. This paper explores how a major Australian tertiary institution markets five European languages, by focusing on which characteristics of L2 learning are incorporated in the persuasive discourse of a university brochure and on how these are reflective, more or less deliberately, both of L2 motivation theories and of marketing strategies in higher education. It shows that the brochure creates future L2 visions for prospective students through the description of the cultural and instrumental benefits associated with L2 proficiency, and details how to turn this L2 vision into action, by providing a glimpse into L2 learning experiences and by presenting the University as a reputable and trustworthy institution. The study offers a multifaceted theoretical framework which can be utilised in future investigations on a bigger sample of universities and suggests that re-thinking marketing material for language learning in terms of the creation and operationalisation of future L2 Selves could be a fruitful avenue of research with significant implications for student recruitment.
A cognitive approach to L2 Russian and Polish: a case study
Authors: Zherebov Vladimir , Schalley Ewa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new methodology for teaching third person possessive pronouns in Russian and Polish (его/её/ихRussianjego, jej, ichPolish) as opposed to the reflexive pronounsсвой(Russian)swój(Polish), which always pose significant problems for students learning these languages. In this paper we maintain that the reason for the problem at hand is cognitive in nature: if such a distinction is not present in the mother tongue of the students, they fail to correctly conceptualize the existing difference in the target languages and consequently use the pronouns in question incorrectly. This is based on lack of correct perception rather than lack of theoretical knowledge. The methodology we suggest is based on the practical application of the leading cognitive theories, in particular the Conceptual Integration theory of Fauconnier and Turner.
Spoken language features (and anomalies) in films for ESL classes
Authors: Giampieri Patrizia 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
It is argued that learning a language through films is enjoyable, useful and motivating. At the same time, despite being scripted, film dialogues are claimed to mirror authentic conversational language. This paper is aimed at exploring whether films provide useful and interesting instances of spoken language. These can be used in ESL (English as a Second Language) classes in order to foster second language (L2) learners’ communication skills. To this aim, a trial pedagogical intervention was carried out in which students were exposed to film excerpts and prompted to highlight spoken language features and anomalies. In order to foster learners’ noticing and comparing, the dubbed versions of the film excerpts were also addressed. The paper argues that the many instances of authentic colloquial language in film can be exploited in ESL classes. As far as the dubbed versions are concerned, this paper will demonstrate that not all dialogues are dubbed faithfully and many features of spoken language are unfortunately “lost in translation”. Nonetheless, exposing L2 learners to film sequences in both the original and dubbed versions can be useful in order to raise their awareness and foster noticing and comparing.
CH4 Direct Reduction of In-Flight Fe3O4 Concentrate Particles
Authors: Abolpour Bahador , Afsahi M. Mehdi , Soltani Goharrizi Ataallah 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this study, reduction of in-flight fine particles of magnetite ore concentrate by methane at a constant heat flux has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. A 3D turbulent mathematical model was developed to simulate the dynamic motion of these particles in a methane content reactor and experiments were conducted to evaluate the model. The kinetics of the reaction were obtained using an optimizing method as: [-Ln(1-X)]1/2.91 = 1.02 × 10−2dP
−2.07CCH4
0.16exp(−1.78 × 105/RT)t. The model predictions were compared with the experimental data and the data had an excellent agreement.
Determining qualitative effect size ratings using a likelihood ratio scatter matrix in diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews
Authors: Rubinstein Matthew L. , Kraft Colleen S. , Parrott J. Scott 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic reviews (SRs) characterize a test’s potential for diagnostic quality and safety. However, interpreting DTA measures in the context of SRs is challenging. Further, some evidence grading methods (e.g. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Laboratory Systems Laboratory Medicine Best Practices method) require determination of qualitative effect size ratings as a contributor to practice recommendations. This paper describes a recently developed effect size rating approach for assessing a DTA evidence base.MethodsA likelihood ratio scatter matrix will plot positive and negative likelihood ratio pairings for DTA studies. Pairings are graphed as single point estimates with confidence intervals, positioned in one of four quadrants derived from established thresholds for test clinical validity. These quadrants support defensible judgments on “substantial”, “moderate”, or “minimal” effect size ratings for each plotted study. The approach is flexible in relation to a priori determinations of the relative clinical importance of false positive and false negative test results.Results and conclusionsThis qualitative effect size rating approach was operationalized in a recent SR that assessed effectiveness of test practices for the diagnosis ofClostridium difficile. Relevance of this approach to other methods of grading evidence, and efforts to measure diagnostic quality and safety are described. Limitations of the approach arise from understanding that a diagnostic test is not an isolated element in the diagnostic process, but provides information in clinical context towards diagnostic quality and safety.
Characterization of Mn-Doped Co3O4 Thin Films Prepared by Sol Gel-Based Dip-Coating Process
Authors: Abdelhak Lakehal , Amar Bouaza , Bedhiaf Benrabah , Cherifa Dalache , Hadj Benhebal 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this article, manganese-doped cobalt oxide (Mn-doped Co3O4) thin films have been prepared on glass substrates using sol gel-based dip-coating technique in order to investigate their optical, structural and electrical properties. The Mn concentration was changed from 0 % to 9 %. The synthesized samples were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-visible), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and complex impedance spectroscopy to elucidate the optical, structural, vibrational and electrical properties. Our optical results show that the transmittance of Mn-doped Co3O4 films decreases with increasing doping levels. The optical band gaps were found to be

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({E_{g1}} = 1.51{\ }eV, {E_{g2}} = 2.12{\rm{ eV}})

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for the case of undoped Co3O4 and 9 % Mn-doped Co3O4, respectively. This shift means that the impurities would create energy levels. The structural analysis provides evidence that obtained powders were crystallized in cubic spinel structure. The complementary phase information is provided by FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR study depicted the presence of four distinct bands characterizing Mn-doped Co3O4 cubic spinel-type structure. The Nyquist plots suggest that the equivalent circuit of Mn-doped Co3O4 films is an RpCp parallel circuit. It was found that the effective resistance Rp decreases, whereas the effective capacitance Cp increases with doping.
Realidade virtual no ensino de vias metabólicas
Authors: Vega Garzón Juan Carlos , Magrini Marcio , Galembeck Eduardo 
Published: September 2018

A literacia visual é a capacidade de compreender (ler) e usar (escrever) imagens e de pensar e aprender usando imagens (estáticas ou em movimento). A literacia visual e a visualização são componentes de aprendizagem chave na Bioquímica, porque essa ciência usa modelos de moléculas para explicar como as células funcionam. Muitos estudos têm mostrado que as tecnologias de visualização (TV) podem ser úteis para desenvolver a literacia visual. O termo "realidade virtual" pode ser definido como um ambiente tridimensional imersivo, interativo, multissensorial, centrado no espectador e gerado por computador que leva em conta a combinação de tecnologias necessárias para construir esses ambientes. Nós projetamos um aplicativo de Realidade Virtual (RV) chamado VRMET para ajudar no desenvolvimento de habilidades de literacia visual para entender e representar conceitos bioquímicos. O aplicativo VRMET foi desenvolvido usando o Unity3D, o SDK de realidade aumentada da Vuforia e o SDK do Google VR para Unity. As moléculas 3D foram obtidas da Protein Data Bank e ChemSpider e optimizadas utilizando o Blender. O VRMET usa um modelo 3D a escala de uma célula animal. VRMET requer um dispositivo com câmera. O usuário pode obter a App da Google Play Store. O VRMET tem duas cenas diferentes: a cena de realidade aumentada (RA) e uma cena da realidade virtual (RV). A cena de RA permite visualizar, desde vários ângulos diferentes um modelo em escala de uma célula animal. A cena RV permite acompanhar cada uma das reações da glicólise e ciclo do Krebs dentro do modelo celular. O VRMET permite que os alunos visualizem a estrutura molecular de substratos e produtos, percebendo assim as mudanças em cada molécula ao longo da via metabólica. Também permite observar onde ocorre cada via metabólica.
Estratégia de ensino: Aprenda em sala de aula
Authors: Aparecida Santiago Sônia , Carvalho Hernandes F 
Published: September 2018

Instituições de ensino mudam as estratégias de ensino para melhorar a apreensão e a compreensão dos conteúdos pelos alunos. A maioria almeja que o aluno protagonize seu aprendizado e procuram abandonar a clássica exposição verbal pelo professor. Esse artigo aborda uma estratégia de ensino híbrida, inspirada na sala de aula invertida (ou Flipped Classroom), buscando o protagonismo do aluno, mas concentrando-se no tempo destinado à aula. A estratégia “Aprenda em sala de aula” foi aplicada em 2013 na disciplina de Biologia Celular II da Universidade Estadual de Campinas e testou duas hipóteses: (1) o tempo necessário para a transmissão dos conceitos principais de uma dada matéria pode ser bastante reduzido; (2) dado o tempo necessário e oportunidades, atinge-se excelente participação dos alunos, atendendo, inclusive, a grande diversidade de perfis existente nas salas de aula. Aqui apresentamos a estratégia, resultados de sua avaliação e os aspectos positivos e negativos desta estratégia.