bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ActiGraph counts processing and the assessment of vigorous activity
Authors: Brønd Jan Christian , Aadland Eivind , Andersen Lars Bo , Resaland Geir Kåre , Andersen Sigmund Alfred , Arvidsson Daniel 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different band‐pass filters on the measurement bias with ActiGraph counts during high speed running and for estimating free‐living vigorous physical activity (VPA). Two alternative band‐pass filters were designed, extending the original frequency range from 0·29 to 1·66 Hz (AG) to 0·29–4 Hz (AC4) and 0·29–10 Hz (AC10). Sixty‐two subjects in three age groups participated in a structured locomotion protocol consisting of multiple walking and running speeds. The time spent in free‐living VPA using the three different band‐pass filters were evaluated in 1121 children. Band‐pass filter specific intensity cut‐points from both linear regression and ROC analysis was identified from a calibration experiment using indirect calorimetry. The ActiGraph GT3X+ device recording raw acceleration at 30 Hz was used in all experiments. The linear association between counts and running speed was negative for AG but positive for AC4 and AC10 across all age groups. The time spent in free‐living VPA was similar for all band‐pass filters. Considering higher frequency information in the generation of ActiGraph counts with a hip/waist worn device reduces the measurement bias with running above 10 km·h−1. However, additional developments are required to accurately capture all VPA, including intermittent activities.
Cutaneous lesions of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma: Clinical, pathological, and immunophenotypic features
Authors: Oishi Naoki , Sartori‐Valinotti Julio C. , Bennani N. Nora , Wada David A. , He Rong , Cappel Mark A. , Feldman Andrew L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAngioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is a systemic peripheral T‐cell lymphoma with a follicular helper T‐cell (TFH) immunophenotype that frequently involves the skin. However, the histopathology of cutaneous involvement by AITL has not been fully established.MethodsWe reviewed the clinicopathological features of 19 patients seen at our institution with AITL involving the skin. Pan‐T‐cell and TFH marker expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was detected using in situ hybridization (ISH) for Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded small RNA (EBER). T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement was evaluated by PCR.ResultsAITL affected both trunk and extremities in 15/19 cases (79%). Perivascular infiltration by small and/or medium‐sized lymphocytes was seen in 18/19 (95%). Granulomatous inflammation was identified in 4/19 (21%). Aberrant loss of CD2, CD5, or CD7 was identified in 1/18 (6%), 2/18 (11%), or 7/19 (37%) cases, respectively. Seventeen of eighteen evaluable cases (95%) expressed 2 to 3 TFH markers: PD‐1 in 19/19 (100%), BCL6 in 94% (17/18), and CD10 in 37% (7/19). EBV‐positive cells were detected in 3/18 (17%) with varying density. Clonal TCR gene rearrangement was identified in 9/11 (82%).ConclusionsCutaneous involvement by AITL shows relatively non‐specific histopathological features. However, an immunohistochemical panel including TFH markers and EBER ISH is useful in differential diagnosis.
Evaluating current and future range limits of an endangered, keystone rodent (Dipodomys ingens)
Authors: Widick Ivy V. , Bean William T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimWe use current models of species distribution to predict the future habitat suitability for an endangered, keystone rodent (Dipodomys ingens, giant kangaroo rat). We incorporate the possibility of local adaptation and novel competitive interactions to improve the predictive accuracy of our Maxent models.LocationSan Joaquin Valley, California, USA.MethodsWe created Maxent models of two isolated populations ofD. ingens. Using local surveys and state‐wide data, we also modelled California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi), a potential novel competitor. Models included landscape variables (slope and soil composition) and climate variables (temperature, precipitation and climatic water deficit). We used Warren'sIto evaluate niche overlap between species as well as between isolated populations of the same species. We then projected each set of models into the future to evaluateD. ingensresponse to climate change.ResultsNiche overlap between theD. ingenspopulations was moderate (I = 0.44), suggesting that they already experience different climatic regimes and providing support for population‐level modelling. Projecting individual populations separately into the future, under a high emission climate change scenario (CCSM4, rcp8.5), resulted in less predicted range contraction than modelling the species as a whole. However, forecasted distributions showed areas of increasing niche overlap between the Panoche population ofD. ingensandO. beecheyi(I = 0.63 to 0.74), indicating competition could be a novel range limit.Main conclusionsModelling the distributions of isolated populations separately provides a more accurate estimation of the species’ contemporary niche, capturing not just overlap between the populations, but individually suitable areas as well. Projecting the individual contemporary and historical models into the future allows us to estimate future habitat suitability. Predicting the distribution of a novel competitor characterizes areas of potential competition. Subsequently, management can target suitable areas for preservation and avoid areas of potential novel competition.
Demystifying infant vocal imitation: The roles of mouth looking and speaker’s gaze
Authors: Imafuku Masahiro , Kanakogi Yasuhiro , Butler David , Myowa Masako 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVocal imitation plays a fundamental role in human language acquisition from infancy. Little is known, however, about how infants imitate other's sounds. We focused on three factors: (a) whether infants receive information from upright faces, (b) the infant's observation of the speaker's mouth and (c) the speaker directing their gaze towards the infant. We recorded the eye movements of 6‐month‐olds who participated in experiments watching videos of a speaker producing vowel sounds. We found that an infants’ tendency to vocally imitate such videos increased as a function of (a) seeing upright rather than inverted faces, (b) their increased looking towards the speaker's mouth and (c) whether the speaker directed their gaze towards, rather than away from infants. These latter findings are consistent with theories of motor resonance and natural pedagogy respectively. New light has been shed on the cues and underlying mechanisms linking infant speech perception and production.
Fatigue in young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: El‐Aloul Basmah , Speechley Kathy N , Wei Yi , Wilk Piotr , Campbell Craig 
Published: April 2019

AimTo describe fatigue in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) from patients’ and parents’ perspectives and to explore risk factors for fatigue in children and adolescents withDMD.MethodA multicentre, cross‐sectional study design was used. Seventy‐one patients (all males; median age 12y, age range 5–17y) identified via the Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry, and their parents completed questionnaires. Subjective fatigue was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale by child self‐report and parent proxy‐report.ResultsPatients withDMDacross ages and disease stages experienced greater fatigue compared to typically developing controls from published data. Sleep disturbance symptoms were associated with greater fatigue by child self‐report (ρ=–0.42;p=0.003) and parent proxy‐report (ρ=–0.51;p<0.001). Depressive symptoms were associated with greater fatigue by child self‐report (ρ=–0.46;p<0.001) and parent proxy‐report (ρ=–0.45;p<0.001). Lower functional ability was associated with greater fatigue by parent proxy‐report (ρ=0.26;p=0.03). Physical activity level, and musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiac function were not associated with fatigue.InterpretationIn paediatricDMD, sleep disturbance symptoms and depressive symptoms are potentially modifiable factors associated with fatigue, warranting additional investigation to facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to reduce fatigue.What this paper addsFatigue is a major issue in paediatric Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) across ages and disease stages.Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms are significantly associated with fatigue in paediatric DMD.
PRRT2 missense mutations cluster near C‐terminus and frequently lead to protein mislocalization
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Han , Nian Fang‐Shin , Hsu Mei‐Hsin , Liu Wei‐Szu , Liu Yo‐Tsen , Liu Chen , Lin Po‐Hsi , Hwang Daw‐Yang , Chuang Yao‐Chung , Tsai Jin‐Wu 
Published: April 2019

SummaryObjectiveVariants in human PRRT2 cause paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and other neurological disorders. Most reported variants resulting in truncating proteins failed to localize to cytoplasmic membrane. The present study identifies novel PRRT2 variants in PKD and epilepsy patients and evaluates the functional consequences of PRRT2 missense variations.MethodsWe investigated two families with PKD and epilepsies using Sanger sequencing and a multiple gene panel. Subcellular localization of mutant proteins was investigated using confocal microscopy and cell surface biotinylation assay in Prrt2‐transfected cells.ResultsTwo novel PRRT2 variants, p.His232Glnfs*10 and p.Leu298Pro, were identified, and functional study revealed impaired localization of both mutant proteins to the plasma membrane. Further investigation of other reported missense variants revealed decreased protein targeting to the plasma membrane in eight of the 13 missense variants examined (p.Trp281Arg, p.Ala287Thr, p.Ala291Val, p.Arg295Gln, p.Leu298Pro, p.Ala306Asp, p.Gly324Glu, and p.Gly324Arg). In contrast, all benign variants we tested exhibited predominant localization to the plasma membrane similar to wild‐type Prrt2. Most likely pathogenic variants were located at conserved amino acid residues near the C‐terminus, whereas truncating variants spread throughout the gene.SignificancePRRT2 missense variants clustering at the C‐terminus often lead to protein mislocalization. Failure in protein targeting to the plasma membrane by PRRT2 variants may be a key mechanism in causing PKD and related neurological disorders.
Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Authors: Tolchin Benjamin , Baslet Gaston , Suzuki Joji , Martino Steve , Blumenfeld Hal , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Altalib Hamada , Dworetzky Barbara A. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryObjectiveWe conducted a randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing (MI) as an intervention to improve psychotherapy adherence and outcomes, including frequency of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), quality of life, and emergency department utilization, among participants with PNES.MethodsSixty participants were randomized to receive either psychotherapy alone or MI plus psychotherapy. Participants and therapists were contacted at 16‐week follow‐up. Participants were considered adherent with psychotherapy if they attended at least eight sessions within 16 weeks following referral.ResultsAmong control participants, 31.0% were adherent, whereas among MI participants, 65.4% were adherent (P = 0.015, absolute risk reduction = 34.4%, number needed to treat = 2.9). In the control arm, PNES frequency decreased by 34.8% (standard deviation [SD] = 89.7%), whereas in the MI arm, PNES frequency decreased by 76.2% (SD = 39.2%; P = 0.034, Cohen’s d = 0.59). Among control participants, 10.7% achieved PNES freedom versus 30.8% of MI participants (P = 0.095). Quality of Life in Epilepsy–10 scores (a 40‐point scale) improved by an average of 1.8 (SD = 7.9) points among control participants, and by 7.2 (SD = 10.0) points among MI participants (P = 0.047, Cohen’s d = 0.60). Monthly emergency department visits increased by 0.06 (SD = 0.47) visits per month among control participants versus a decrease of 0.15 (SD = 0.76) among MI participants (P = 0.23).SignificanceMotivational interviewing improved treatment adherence, PNES frequency, and quality of life among our participants with PNES. Our study is limited in that it was conducted at a single quaternary care medical center, and MI was provided by a single neurologist, which may limit generalization of results.
Diagnosis and treatment of confirmed and suspected primary hyperparathyroidism in equids: 17 cases (1999–2016)
Authors: Gorenberg E. B. , Johnson A. L. , Magdesian K. G. , Bertin F.‐R. , Costa L. R. R. , Theelen M. J. P. , Durward‐Akhurst S. A. , Cruz Villagrán C. , Carslake H. , Frank N. , Tomlinson J. E. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism is uncommon in equids.ObjectivesTo describe the diagnostic findings and efficacy of treatment in equids with primary hyperparathyroidism.Study designRetrospective case series describing 16 horses and one mule.MethodsCases were identified by retrospective review of records at Cornell University and via anACVIMlistserv query. Inclusion criteria were an equid with hypercalcemia, normal renal function and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) or histopathological diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma. Equids with normalPTHandPTH‐related protein (PTHrP) in the face of hypercalcemia were included as suspect cases.ResultsThe most common presenting complaints were weight loss (12/17) and hypercalcemia (10/17).PTHwas above reference range in 12/17 cases. Suspected parathyroid tumours were localised in 12/14 equids imaged using ultrasonography alone (2/3), technetium 99m Tc sestamibi scintigraphy alone (1/1) or both modalities (9/10). Three horses did not have imaging performed. Surgical exploration successfully excised tumours in six of 10 cases. Five were located at the thoracic inlet, and surgery resulted in complete cure. One tumour was excised from the thyroid lobe, and the horse remained hypercalcemic. Four other cases explored surgically, four treated medically and three that were not treated also remained hypercalcemic.Main limitationsThe small study size prohibited statistical analysis.ConclusionsParathyroid adenomas in equids can be successfully localised with ultrasonography and scintigraphy. Surgical excision appears more likely to be successful for single gland disease at the thoracic inlet.
Long‐term loss to follow‐up in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD)
Authors: Jiamsakul A , Kiertiburanakul S , Ng OT , Chaiwarith R , Wong W , Ditangco R , Nguyen KV , Avihingsanon A , Pujari S , Do CD , Lee M‐P , Ly PS , Yunihastuti E , Kumarasamy N , Kamarulzaman A , Tanuma J , Zhang F , Choi JY , Kantipong P , Sim BLH , Ross J , Law M , Merati TP ,   the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database of IeDEA Asia‐Pacific
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesWith earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, time spent in HIV care is expected to increase. We aimed to investigate loss to follow‐up (LTFU) in Asian patients who remained in care 5 years after ART initiation.MethodsLong‐term LTFU was defined as LTFU occurring after 5 years on ART. LTFU was defined as (1) patients not seen in the previous 12 months; and (2) patients not seen in the previous 6 months. Factors associated with LTFU were analysed using competing risk regression.ResultsUnder the 12‐month definition, the LTFU rate was 2.0 per 100 person‐years (PY) [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–2.2 among 4889 patients included in the study. LTFU was associated with age > 50 years [sub‐hazard ratio (SHR) 1.64; 95% CI 1.17–2.31] compared with 31–40 years, viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL (SHR 1.86; 95% CI 1.16–2.97) compared with viral load < 1000 copies/mL, and hepatitis C coinfection (SHR 1.48; 95% CI 1.06–2.05). LTFU was less likely to occur in females, in individuals with higher CD4 counts, in those with self‐reported adherence ≥ 95%, and in those living in high‐income countries. The 6‐month LTFU definition produced an incidence rate of 3.2 per 100 PY (95% CI 2.9–3.4 and had similar associations but with greater risks of LTFU for ART initiation in later years (2006–2009: SHR 2.38; 95% CI 1.93–2.94; and 2010–2011: SHR 4.26; 95% CI 3.17–5.73) compared with 2003–2005.ConclusionsThe long‐term LTFU rate in our cohort was low, with older age being associated with LTFU. The increased risk of LTFU with later years of ART initiation in the 6‐month analysis, but not the 12‐month analysis, implies that there was a possible move towards longer HIV clinic scheduling in Asia.
Unravelling the composition and envisaging the formation of sediments in traditional Chinese vinegar
Authors: Zhang Xianglong , Wu Yanfang , Zheng Yu , Xu Ying , Xia Menglei , Tu Linna , Song Jia , Wang Min 
Published: April 2019

SummarySediments will spontaneously form in traditional Chinese vinegars (TCVs), which negatively affect the product acceptability. Here, sediments in Shanxi aged vinegar, a representative TCV, were investigated to unravel the microstructure and composition. Morphologically, crystals, amorphous substances and thalli were three common forms. Composition analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy manifested starch/polysaccharides and proteins were present. Proteins (~30%), carbohydrates (>10%), crude fats (~17.00%) and metallic elements (~3%) were four main components determined, and polyphenols and flavonoids accounted for about 1% in the sediments. The crystals were recognised as calcium oxalate crystals by micro‐area energy‐dispersive X‐ray and micro‐Raman spectrometry, and they were mostly in dihydrate form. This is the first report on the discovery of calcium oxalate crystals in the vinegar. Crystallisation into crystals, self‐assembly and polymerisation of polymers, aggregation of particles, as well as interactions between polymers and particles form a basic model of sediments formation in TCV.
Low‐sodium roasted peanuts: effects of salt mixtures (NaCl, KCl and glycine) on consumer perception and purchase intent
Authors: Pujols Kairy Dharali , Ardoin Ryan , Chaiya Busarawan , Tuuri Georgianna , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe effects of ten treatment combinations of two salts (NaCl, KCl) and glycine were evaluated on low‐sodium roasted peanuts. Consumers’ (N = 330, recruited from college campus) liking, emotions, perceived saltiness and bitterness intensity, satisfaction and purchase intent (PI) of peanuts were measured following a balanced incomplete block design (t = 10, k = 3, r = 9, b = 30, λ = 2, e2 = 0.74). Emotions and PI were evaluated both before and after presenting a low‐sodium health benefit message. Sodium content of peanuts was reduced from 140 mg Na/50 g peanuts to 41.67 mg Na/50 g without significantly affecting liking scores and with positive PI over 60%. In general, high bitterness and low saltiness intensity ratings negatively affected liking and satisfaction. Consumers expressed less satisfaction when perceived saltiness intensity was ‘Not Enough’ than when ‘Too Much.’ Based on optimisation analysis, any formulation within the range of 59‐100/0‐40/0‐12.5% NaCl/KCl/Gly‐ representing a potential 37% sodium reduction past minimum ‘low sodium’ requirements‐ will yield an acceptable product.
Improving the sensory and nutritional value of gluten‐free bread
Authors: Rybicka Iga , Doba Karolina , Bińczak Olga 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBakery products, especially breads, are important part of everyday diet. Home‐made breads are all the more crucial on the gluten‐free diet, as commercially available breads without gluten are often unattractive. The study presents the recipe, nutritional characteristics (fat, protein, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese), costs and consumer acceptance of four easy to make home‐made gluten‐free breads. Partial substitution of bread‐mix based on corn and rice (control bread) with teff flour, amaranth flour or quinoa flour significantly changed the content of the most of analysed nutrients, while their price was comparable. The highest nutritional benefits were found for protein, magnesium, potassium, calcium, zinc, iron and manganese in bread with teff and for magnesium, potassium, zinc and manganese in bread with amaranth. The highest consumer acceptance of people on gluten‐free diet was noticed for breads with quinoa and teff.
Secretion of secretory phospholipase A2 into Spodoptera exigua larval midgut lumen and its role in lipid digestion
Authors: Sajjadian S. M. , Vatanparast M. , Stanley D. , Kim Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn insects, lipid digestion is controversial because insects have no bile salts to solubilize dietary lipids. One hypothesis is that a secretory type of phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) provides lysophospholipid (LPL) from dietary phospholipids (PLs). We identified a sPLA2, Se‐sPLA2, in beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, that hydrolyses PLs at sn‐2. Our goal was to investigate its role in lipid digestion. Se‐sPLA2 was expressed in the entire alimentary canal. Incubating the isolated midgut in a cell culture medium led to secretion of Se‐sPLA2 and other proteins. Ex vivo RNA interference (RNAi) of Se‐sPLA2 expression in isolated midgut culture led to significantly decreased Se‐sPLA2 secretion into the medium. Feeding double‐stranded RNA specific to Se‐sPLA2 to larvae suppressed sPLA2 activity in gut contents. A recombinant Se‐sPLA2 was susceptible to benzylideneacetone (BZA), a specific PLA2 inhibitor. After feeding BZA to larvae, we recorded significant decreases in gut content sPLA2 activity, body growth and total haemolymph lipid contents. RNAi against Se‐sPLA2 resulted in reduced digestibility. Addition of a specific LPL, 1‐palmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, to BZA‐treated larvae rescued digestibility and larval growth. These results strongly bolster our hypothesis that Se‐sPLA2 secreted from the midgut acts in lipid digestion by providing necessary LPL to solubilize dietary neutral lipids.
Silencing cathepsin L expression reduces Myzus persicae protein content and the nutritional value as prey for Coccinella septempunctata
Authors: Rauf I. , Asif M. , Amin I. , Naqvi R. Z. , Umer N. , Mansoor S. , Jander G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGut‐expressed aphid genes, which may be more easily inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi) constructs, are attractive targets for pest control efforts involving transgenic plants. Here we show that expression of cathepsin L, which encodes a cysteine protease that functions in aphid guts, can be reduced by expression of an RNAi construct in transgenic tobacco. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by up to 80% adult mortality, reduced fecundity, and delayed nymph production of Myzus persicae (green peach aphids) when cathepsin L expression was reduced by plant‐mediated RNAi. Consistent with the function of cathepsin L as a gut protease, M. persicae fed on the RNAi plants had a lower protein content in their bodies and excreted more protein and/or free amino acids in their honeydew. Larvae of Coccinella septempunctata (seven‐spotted ladybugs) grew more slowly on aphids having reduced cathepsin L expression, suggesting that prey insect nutritive value, and not just direct negative effects of the RNAi construct, needs to be considered when producing transgenic plants for RNAi‐mediated pest control.