bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric nursing care experiences of immigrant patients: A Focused ethnographic study
Authors: Kallakorpi Susanna , Haatainen Kaisa , Kankkunen Päivi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the psychiatric nursing care experiences of immigrant patients. The incidence of mental health problems is higher and the use of mental health services is lower among immigrants, especially refugees, compared with the majority of the population. The study uses a qualitative research approach, with an emphasis on focused ethnography research methods. The participants were immigrant patients (N = 14) residing in adult psychiatric wards of certain hospitals (N = 3) selected for the study. A majority of the participants were refugees or asylum seekers. A total of 21 in‐depth interviews were conducted. The experiences of these immigrant patients, both in their home countries and in their country of residence, had had an adverse effect on their mental health, with past traumatic experiences being the most central factor. Their symptoms included depression, anxiety, somatization, and psychosis. The findings show that the categories of factors that helped promote recovery among immigrant patients were nursing, medical treatment, care environment, and the patients' own methods. Based on the findings, a systematic evaluation of traumatic experiences is recommended for immigrants from countries with a history of war and/or political violence. Healthcare providers should also consider the importance of cultural desire in psychiatric nursing for the recovery of patients.
Impact of Classified Board on M&A Target Shareholder Value: Nurturing Innovation through Entrenchment
Authors: Kim Chaehyun , Kang Shinwoo , Shim Hyeongsop 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe find that classified board in the M&A target firm is positively related to the target shareholder value, but only for firms with both intensive R&D investment and strong external governance. We also find that firms with classified board exhibit superior quality innovation when they have both intensive R&D investment and strong external governance. These findings are consistent with the view that classified board provides long‐term perspectives that promote productive but risky R&D investment, which is highly valued in M&A. Our findings are distinct from the view expressed in extant literature that classified board enhances target shareholder value because of stronger bargaining power.
Has Medicare Been a ‘Bad Deal’ for Rural Hospitals?
Authors: Rizzo John A. 
Published: June 2018

Understanding the links between Medicare involvement and financial performance in rural hospitals is important for evaluating reimbursement policy under Medicare's prospective payment system (PPS). While simple comparisons between urban and rural hospitals suggest that the latter have lower PPS profit margins on average, there is little multivariate evidence on how Medicare involvement affects financial performance in rural hospitals and whether this relationship differs between rural and urban hospitals. Existing multivariate evidence suggests that Medicare involvement improves PPS profits in both rural and urban hospitals after controlling for other hospital‐ and market‐specific factors.By contrast, the present analysis considers the relationship between Medicare involvement and broader measures of profitability than PPS profits. This provides insight into whether Medicare reimbursement is adequate relative to other forms of third‐party payment. The results indicate that Medicare involvement has a markedly different effect on the profitability of rural versus urban hospitals. Greater Medicare involvement is associated with lower patient care profitability in rural hospitals but has a strong positive and significant effect on both patient care and overall (i.e., patient and nonpatient) profitability in urban ones. Medicare involvement is not significantly related to overall profitability in rural hospitals, however, suggesting that these hospitals may be able to mitigate patient care revenue shortfalls from greater Medicare involvement by increasing their nonpatient care revenue sources.
Genomic evidence of a widespread southern distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum for two eastern North American hickory species
Authors: Bemmels Jordan B. , Dick Christopher W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimPhylogeographical studies of temperate forest taxa often infer complex histories involving population subdivision into distinct refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, some temperate deciduous trees may have been broadly distributed in southeastern North America during the LGM. We investigate genome‐wide genetic structure in two widespread eastern North American tree species to determine if range expansion from genetically isolated refugia or from a broader, less genetically subdivided region better explains their post‐glacial history.LocationEastern North America (ENA).TaxaBitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis [Wangenh.] K.Koch) and shagbark hickory (Carya ovata [Mill.] K.Koch).MethodsGenetic diversity and differentiation indices were calculated from >1,000 nuclear SNP loci genotyped in ca. 180 individuals per species sampled across ENA. Genetic structure was investigated using principle component analysis and genetic clustering algorithms. As an additional tool for inference, areas of suitable habitat during the LGM were predicted using species distribution models (SDMs).ResultsPopulations across all latitudes showed similar levels of genetic diversity. Most genetic variation was weakly differentiated across ENA, with the exception of an outlier population of Carya ovata in Texas. Genetic structure in each species exhibited an isolation‐by‐distance pattern. SDMs predicted high LGM habitat suitability over much of the southeastern United States.Main conclusionsBoth hickory species likely survived the LGM in low‐density populations that were broadly distributed across southeastern North America and not highly genetically differentiated, except that the range‐edge Texas population of Carya ovata may represent a separate glacial refugium. Over most of ENA, genetic structure in both species is best explained by simple latitudinal range shifts and high gene flow among populations, rather than expansions from multiple, genetically isolated refugia as is characteristic of taxa from other Northern Hemisphere temperate regions of the world.
Revisiting the “Centre Hypotheses” of the Indo‐West Pacific: Idiosyncratic genetic diversity of nine reef species offers weak support for the Coral Triangle as a centre of genetic biodiversity
Authors: Matias Ambrocio Melvin A. , Riginos Cynthia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimSeveral biogeographic hypotheses seek to explain the extreme species diversity of the coral reefs in the Coral Triangle (CT) of the Indo‐West Pacific (IWP). Here, we investigate processes implicit to the Centre of Origin, Centre of Overlap and Centre of Survival hypotheses. We focus on intraspecific genetic data, where intraspecific diversity can provide information regarding directionality of past dispersal (gene flow) and changes in population size such as expansion from refugia.LocationIndian Ocean, Coral Triangle and West Pacific Ocean.MethodsWe use existing mitochondrial DNA data augmented with new samples from the Philippines, thus filling in key sampling gaps from previous studies, to examine nine reef species. We first test if genetic diversity peaks in the CT. We then estimate gene flow between regions—CT vs. Indian Ocean (IO) and CT vs. Pacific Ocean (PO)—to assess concordance with predicted directions of movement (i.e. into the CT or out of the CT). Finally, we investigate the historical demography of these species and evaluate population expansions to ascertain whether genetic diversity is correlated with putative Pleistocene refugia.ResultsGenetic diversity in the CT was not greater than genetic diversity in the IO and PO, and we found highly variable spatial patterns of genetic diversity when species were evaluated individually. Gene flow estimates indicated very limited exchange between regions, consistent with peripheral isolation and/or signals of historical divergence. For some species, however, there were signals of movement out of the CT. While there was no significant correlation between genetic diversity and putative refugia, genetic patterns suggested that some populations have experienced population expansions. The locations of expansion were also variable across species. Overall, there was no signal of concordant processes shaping intraspecific genetic diversity.Main conclusionsGenetic patterns across species were highly variable with some species lending weak support for processes aligned with each of the “Centre” of diversity hypotheses. But overall there was no compelling evidence for uniform processes underlying all species, which possibly indicate that processes underlying the different “Centre” have not strongly affected IWP species within the recent past.
Percutaneous epicardial pacing using a novel transverse sinus device
Authors: Vaidya Vaibhav R. , Sugrue Alan , Padmanabhan Deepak , Killu Ammar M. , Naksuk Niyada , Al‐Masry Anas Abudan , Isath Ameesh , Pedersen Joanne , Yngsdal Lisa , Ladewig Dorothy J. , Friedman Paul A. , Asirvatham Samuel J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous lead implantation has multiple drawbacks and complications that can be overcome by epicardial lead placement. We aimed to design percutaneously implanted epicardial leads that are anchored through the transverse sinus (TS).Methods and resultsWe designed a novel multielectrode pacing device with four bipole electrode pairs. The device is advanced through the TS, with both ends externalized out of the pericardium. We tested the prototype in one proof‐of‐concept and 5 additional acute canine experiments.The TS device recorded ventricular and atrial electrograms. The median amplitude of near‐field ventricular electrograms was 3.3 mA (IQR 2.0–4.3) and of near‐field atrial electrograms was 2.1 mA (IQR 1.3–2.2). The median ventricular threshold (N = 30) was 1.1 mA (IQR 0.7–3.1) at a median pulse width of 0.5 ms (IQR 0.5–0.5). The median atrial threshold (N = 10) was 2.4 mA (IQR 1.1–7.8) at a median pulse width of 0.5 ms (IQR 0.5–0.9). Right and left ventricular and atrial pacing morphologies were noted while pacing electrodes adjacent to these chambers. Simultaneous left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) pacing showed reduction in QRS duration from 116 ms (RV) and 105 ms (LV) to 91 ms. On necropsy, the device was located in the TS in all animals. There were TS abrasions in one animal, and no other acute complications.ConclusionsThis study highlights a novel approach to epicardial pacing harnessing the unique anatomy of the transverse sinus as an anchoring point. Placement of this novel transverse sinus device was safe and feasible, with acceptable atrial and ventricular thresholds.
What evidence should guidelines take note of?
Authors: Cartwright Nancy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Guidelines Challenge Conference on which this special issue builds asked as the first of its “further relevant questions”: “How do we incorporate more types of causally relevant information in guidelines?” This paper first supports the presupposition of this question—that we need further kinds of evidence—by pointing out that the randomized controlled trial, touted as the best source of evidence on effectiveness, can do so little for us. Second, it outlines a number of other good ways to learn what will work that the medical community, and much of the public health community, is not making much use of.
First description of a natural infection with spleen and kidney necrosis virus in zebrafish
Authors: Bermúdez Roberto , Losada Ana Paula , de Azevedo Ana Manuela , Guerra‐Varela Jorge , Pérez‐Fernández David , Sánchez Laura , Padrós Francesc , Nowak Barbara , Quiroga María Isabel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractZebrafish has become a popular research model in the last years, and several diseases affecting zebrafish research facilities have been reported. However, only one case of naturally occurring viral infections was described for this species. In 2015, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) was detected in zebrafish from a research facility in Spain. Affected fish showed lethargy, loss of appetite, abnormal swimming, distention of the coelomic cavity and, in the most severe cases, respiratory distress, pale gills and petechial haemorrhages at the base of fins. Cytomegaly was the most relevant histopathological finding in organs and tissues, sometimes associated to degenerative and necrotic changes. ISKNV belongs to the relatively newly defined genus Megalocytivirus, family Iridoviridae, comprising large, icosahedral cytoplasmic DNA viruses. This is the first case of naturally occurring Megalocytivirus infection in zebrafish research facilities, associated with morbidity. The virus has been identified based on both pathologic and genetic evidence, to better understand the pathogenesis of the infection in zebrafish and the phylogenetic relationship with other iridoviruses. Given the ability of megalocytiviruses to cross‐species boundaries, it seems necessary to implement stringent biosecurity practices as these infections may invalidate experimental data and have major impact on laboratory and cultured fish.
Winter kill in intensively stocked channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Coinfection with Aeromonas veronii, Streptococcus parauberis and Shewanella putrefaciens
Authors: Mohammed Haitham H. , Peatman Eric 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnusual persistent natural mortality occurred in a floating in‐pond raceway system intensively stocked with channel and hybrid catfish beginning in early November 2016 up until March 2017. The temperature during the period of outbreak ranged from 7.2 to 23.7°C. Gross examination of freshly dead and moribund fish revealed pale gills, slight abdominal distension and swollen inflamed vents. Comprehensive necropsy of 20 fish demonstrated vast amounts of bloody ascitic fluid in the coelomic cavity, visceral congestion, splenomegaly and pale friable livers but macroscopically normal kidneys, suggesting systemic bacterial infection. Bacterial cultures were initiated from skin, gills and major internal organs. Following incubation, a mixture of three bacterial colony phenotypes was observed on agar plates. Presumptive biochemical characterization of the isolates followed by 16S‐rRNA sequence analysis resulted in the identification of Aeromonas veronii, Streptococcus parauberis and Shewanella putrefaciens. Channel catfish juveniles were experimentally infected with the recovered isolates to fulfil Koch's postulates. Moreover, an antibiogram was used to evaluate the susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobial drugs approved for use in aquaculture. Aquaflor was used successfully for treatment. Here, we report bacterial coinfection lead by A. veronii and the first identification of S. parauberis and S. putrefaciens from cultured catfish in North America.
Enhanced immune responses and effectiveness of refined outer membrane protein vaccines against Vibrio harveyi in orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Authors: Nguyen Hai Trong , Nguyen Thuy Thi Thu , Chen Yan‐Chun , Vu‐Khac Hung , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVibriosis is a severe infection occurring in many commercially important marine fish species. In this study, vaccines containing Vibrio harveyi recombinant outer membrane protein K (rOmpK), outer membrane protein U (rOmpU) and rOmpK‐OmpU fusion protein in addition to the metabolizable MontanideTM ISA 763 A VG adjuvant were developed and evaluated in the orange‐spotted grouper. The results indicate that recombinant V. harveyi protein‐based vaccines resulted in a remarkably higher expression of IL‐1β and IL‐8 at 24 hr, and greater antibody production, as early as 2 weeks postimmunization. Notably, enhanced immune responses and significant protective efficacy against V. harveyi infections were observed in the fusion protein vaccine‐injected fishes with relative per cent survival value of 81.8%. Additionally, the rOmpK‐OmpU antisera presented a high bactericidal effect on not only V. harveyi, but also Vibrio parahaermolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. Our results demonstrated that the fusion protein rOmpK‐OmpU was an effective vaccine candidate that exhibited potentially great versatility for controlling vibrio infections.
Systemic Edwardsiella tarda infection in a Western African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) with cytologic observation of heterophil projections
Authors: Rousselet Estelle , Stacy Nicole I. , Rotstein David S. , Waltzek Tom B. , Griffin Matt J. , Francis‐Floyd Ruth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis report describes a case of systemic bacterial infection caused by Edwardsiella tarda in a Western African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) exposed to poor environmental and husbandry conditions. The fish presented with a large, external ulcerative lesion and died 2 weeks after developing anorexia. Histological evaluation revealed multifocal areas of necrosis and heterophilic and histiocytic inflammation throughout multiple tissues. Gram stain identified small numbers of intra‐ and extracellular monomorphic Gram‐negative 1 to 2 μm rod‐shaped bacilli. Cytology of lung granuloma, kidney and testes imprints identified heterophilic inflammation with phagocytosis of small monomorphic bacilli and some heterophils exhibiting cytoplasmic projections indicative of heterophil extracellular traps (HETs). Initial phenotypic analysis of isolates from coelomic fluid cultures identified E. tarda. Subsequent molecular analysis of spleen, liver and intestine DNA using an E. tarda‐specific endpoint PCR assay targeting the bacterial fimbrial subunit yielded a 115 bp band. Sequencing and BLASTN search revealed the sequence was identical (76/76) to E. tarda strain FL95‐01 (GenBank acc. CP011359) and displayed 93% sequence identity (66/71) to Edwardsiella hoshinae strain ATCC 35051 (GenBank acc. CP011359). This is the first report of systemic edwardsiellosis in a lungfish with concurrent cytologically identified structures suggestive of HETs.
Advancing practice in dietitians’ communication and nutrition counselling skills: a workplace education program
Authors: Notaras S. , Mak M. , Wilson N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundCommunication is the primary method in which dietitians conduct their practice. However, continuing education and competency standards are often focused on clinical knowledge and skills, with few programs being available to improve the communication and nutrition counselling skills of dietitians. Dietitians have reported reduced confidence in the knowledge and use of these skills, particularly when dealing with people who are struggling to find motivation to change their eating behaviours. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a workplace education program on the self‐reported communication and nutrition counselling skills of dietitians.MethodsAn education program was developed using techniques from motivational interviewing, patient‐centred therapy, solution‐focused therapy and narrative therapy. These techniques were chosen based on evidence of potential application to dietetic practice for behaviour change. Dietitians working in acute care hospitals and community health services completed the program. Pre‐ and post‐written surveys incorporating five‐point Likert scales (1‐5) were used to evaluate the program. The results were analysed using parametric and nonparametric statistics.ResultsFifty dietitians completed the program and evaluation. The dietitians’ self‐rating of their communication and nutrition counselling skills improved significantly (median = 3 versus 4, Z = 4.562, P < 0.001, r = 0.65). Dietitians also reported knowledge of a greater variety of behaviour change techniques to use with their patients post‐program.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first dietitian‐specific workplace education program of its type to address essential skills for better communication with patients. Ongoing workplace support, such as peer observation, is recommended to assist with skill development and sustainability.
Energy expenditure measured with accelerometers and self‐report questionnaire in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Perez‐Cruzado D. , Cuesta‐Vargas A. I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere are different instruments to measure energy expenditure in general population, but we do not know whether these instruments can be used in people with intellectual disability.MethodsA sample of 33 participants was invited to wear a triaxial accelerometer during seven consecutive days. Energy expenditure was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Version (IPAQ‐S) to gather data regarding the participant's descriptions of the physical activity performed.ResultsAgreement between the accelerometers and IPAQ‐S in terms of energy expenditure measurements was not reached (P > 0.05). A significant correlation was found between moderate metabolic equivalent of tasks measured with accelerometers and vigorous metabolic equivalent of tasks measured with the IPAQ‐S (r = −0.351 [P = 0.045]).ConclusionThe main conclusion of this study was a level of discrepancy between measurements taken using the IPAQ‐S and the accelerometers in people with intellectual disability.
The validity and reliability of the Functional Strength Measurement (FSM) in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Aertssen W. F. M. , Steenbergen B. , Smits‐Engelsman B. C. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is lack of valid and reliable field‐based tests for assessing functional strength in young children with mild intellectual disabilities (IDs).AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the test–retest reliability and construct validity of the Functional Strength Measurement in children with ID (FSM‐ID).MethodFifty‐two children with mild ID (40 boys and 12 girls, mean age 8.48 years, SD = 1.48) were tested with the FSM. Test–retest reliability (n = 32) was examined by a two‐way interclass correlation coefficient for agreement (ICC 2.1A). Standard error of measurement and smallest detectable change were calculated. Construct validity was determined by calculating correlations between the FSM‐ID and handheld dynamometry (HHD) (convergent validity), FSM‐ID, FSM‐ID and subtest strength of the Bruininks‐Oseretsky test of motor proficiency – second edition (BOT‐2) (convergent validity) and the FSM‐ID and balance subtest of the BOT‐2 (discriminant validity).ResultsTest–retest reliability ICC ranged 0.89–0.98. Correlation between the items of the FSM‐ID and HHD ranged 0.39–0.79 and between FSM‐ID and BOT‐2 (strength items) 0.41–0.80. Correlation between items of the FSM‐ID and BOT‐2 (balance items) ranged 0.41–0.70.ConclusionThe FSM‐ID showed good test–retest reliability and good convergent validity with the HHD and BOT‐2 subtest strength. The correlations assessing discriminant validity were higher than expected. Poor levels of postural control and core stability in children with mild IDs may be the underlying factor of those higher correlations.