bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilisation of second-trimester spontaneous and induced abortion services in public hospitals in Mexico, 2007–2015
Authors: Alexander Lily T , Fuentes-Rivera Evelyn , Saavedra-Avendaño Biani , Schiavon Raffaela , Maldonado Rueda Noe , Hernández Bernardo , Drake Alison L , Darney Blair G 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundData on utilisation of in-facility second-trimester abortion services are sparse. We describe temporal and geographical trends in utilisation of in-facility second-trimester abortion services across Mexico.MethodsWe used 2007–2015 data from Mexico’s Automated Hospital Discharge System (SAEH) to identify second-trimester abortive events (ICD O02-O08) in public hospitals across Mexico’s 32 states. We described utilisation, calculated rates using population data, and used logistic regression to identify woman- and state-level factors (municipality-level marginalisation, state-level abortion law) associated with utilisation of second-trimester versus first-trimester services.ResultsWe identified 145 956 second-trimester abortions, or 13.4% of total documented hospitalizations for abortion between 2007 to 2015. The annual utilisation rate of second-trimester abortion remained constant, between 0.5 to 0.6 per 1000 women aged 15–44 years. Women living in highly marginalised municipalities had 1.43 higher odds of utilising abortions services in their second versus their first trimester, when compared with women in municipalities with low marginalisation (95% CI 1.18 to 1.73). Living in a state with a health or fetal anomaly exception to abortion restrictions was not associated with higher utilisation of second-trimester abortion services.ConclusionsOur results suggest there is a need for all types of second-trimester abortion services in Mexico. To improve health outcomes for Mexican women, especially the most vulnerable, access to safe second-trimester abortion services must be ensured through the implementation of current legal exceptions and renewed attention to the training of healthcare providers.
Long-read sequencing identified repeat expansions in the 5′UTR of theNOTCH2NLCgene from Chinese patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Deng Jianwen , Gu Muliang , Miao Yu , Yao Sheng , Zhu Min , Fang Pu , Yu Xuefan , Li Pidong , Su Yanan , Huang Jian , Zhang Jun , Yu Jiaxi , Li Fan , Bai Jing , Sun Wei , Huang Yining , Yuan Yun , Hong Daojun , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundNeuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder named after its pathological features. It has long been considered a disease of genetic origin. Recently, the GGC repeated expansion in the 5′-untranslated region (5′UTR) of theNOTCH2NLCgene has been found in adult-onset NIID in Japanese individuals. This study was aimed to investigate the causative mutations of NIID in Chinese patients.MethodsFifteen patients with NIID were identified from five academic neurological centres. Biopsied skin samples were analysed by histological staining, immunostaining and electron microscopic observation. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and long-read sequencing (LRS) were initially performed in three patients with NIID. Repeat-primed PCR was conducted to confirm the genetic variations in the three patients and the other 12 cases.ResultsOur patients included 14 adult-onset patients and 1 juvenile-onset patient characterised by degeneration of multiple nervous systems. All patients were identified with intranuclear inclusions in the nuclei of fibroblasts, fat cells and ductal epithelial cells of sweat glands. The WGS failed to find any likely pathogenic variations for NIID. The LRS successfully identified that three patients with adult-onset NIID showed abnormalities of GGC expansion in 5′UTR of theNOTCH2NLCgene. The GGC repeated expansion was further confirmed by repeat-primed PCR in seven familial cases and eight sporadic cases.ConclusionOur findings provided evidence that confirmed the GGC repeated expansion in the 5′UTR of theNOTCH2NLCgene is associated with the pathogenesis of NIID. Additionally, the GGC expansion was not only responsible for adult-onset patients, but also responsible for juvenile-onset patients.
Experimental study on wear life of journal bearings in the rotor system subjected to torque
Authors: Pang Xinyu , Xue Xuanyi , Jin Xiaowu 
Published: August 2019

In the rotor system subjected to torque, the lubrication state of the journal bearings will change, which can lead to wear life change of such bearings. Therefore, the experimental study on the wear life prediction of the journal bearings in the rotor system subjected to torque was carried out. An improved Archard model for wear rate prediction was proposed, which can be applied to determine the relationship among speed, torque, and wear of different bearings. The 20 h wear of a single-span rotor system was tested at three speeds and torque. Test results show that the impact of torque on wear is greater than that of speed. The wear life of a bearing can be predicted with determined wear threshold. The 20 h wear was calculated by using the wear data of the rotor test bench in this model and compared with the actual wear. The comparison results indicate that the accuracy is higher than 92%. The torque – wear life curve shows that wear life is logarithmic to torque at a constant speed and significantly affected by changes in the low torque. Given a constant torque, the wear life will decrease logarithmically with the speed increasing.
Syn-kinematic strata influence the structural evolution of emergent fold–thrust belts
Authors: Butler Robert W. H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Whether thrusts are ramp-dominated and form imbricate fans or run out onto the syn-orogenic surface, forming ‘thrust-allochthons’, is governed by the activity of secondary ‘upper’ detachments along the syn-orogenic surface, activations of which are inhibited by syn-kinematic sedimentation at the thrust front. In the northern Apennines, where thrust systems are ramp-dominated and form an emergent imbricate fan, syn-kinematic sedimentation was abundant and accumulated ahead and above each thrust. In the southern Apennines, the far-travelled Lagronegro allochthon achieved its high displacements (>65 km) while the foredeep basin received little sediment. The imbricate fan at the front of the main Himalayan arc developed within a foredeep that experienced high rates of syn-kinematic sedimentation. In contrast, further west, the Salt Range Thrust emerged into a distal, weakly developed foredeep with significantly reduced rates of sediment accumulation. Displacements were strongly localized onto this thrust (c. 25 km displacement) which activated an upper detachment along the syn-orogenic surface. It is an arrested thrust-allochthon. Lateral variations into the adjacent, ramp-dominated but still salt-detached, Jhelum fold-belt are marked by increases in syn-kinematic sedimentation. As sedimentation styles can vary in space and time, individual thrusts and thrust systems can evolve from being allochthon prone to imbricate dominated.
High-fat diet promotes experimental colitis by inducing oxidative stress in the colon
Authors: Li Xue , Wei Xinzhi , Sun Yue , Du Jie , Li Xin , Xun Zhe , Li Yan Chun 
Published: August 2019

Diets high in animal fats are associated with increased risks of inflammatory bowel disease, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on the development of experimental colitis in mice. Relative to mice fed low-fat diet (LFD), HFD feeding for 4 wk increased the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and free fatty acids in the plasma as well as within the colonic mucosa. In an experimental colitis model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), mice on 4-wk HFD exhibited more severe colonic inflammation and developed more severe colitis compared with the LFD counterparts. HFD feeding resulted in higher production of mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokines, greater activation of the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) tight junction regulatory pathway, and greater increases in mucosal barrier permeability in mice following TNBS induction. HFD feeding also induced gp91, an NADPH oxidase subunit, and promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both colonic epithelial cells and lamina propria cells. In HCT116 cell culture, palmitic acid or palmitic acid and TNF-α combination markedly increased ROS production and induced the MLCK pathway, and these effects were markedly diminished in the presence of a ROS scavenger. Taken together, these data suggest that HFD promotes colitis by aggravating mucosal oxidative stress, which rapidly drives mucosal inflammation and increases intestinal mucosal barrier permeability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates high-fat diet feeding promotes colitis in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis model in mice. The underlying mechanism is that high-fat diet induces oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa, which increases colonic epithelial barrier permeability and drives colonic mucosal inflammation. These observations provide molecular evidence that diets high in saturated fats are detrimental to patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Sacral nerve stimulation with appropriate parameters improves constipation in rats by enhancing colon motility mediated via the autonomic-cholinergic mechanisms
Authors: Huang Zhihui , Li Shiying , Foreman Robert D. , Yin Jieyun , Dai Ning , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: August 2019

Although sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has been applied for treating constipation, its parameters were adopted from SNS for fecal incontinence, its effects are limited, and mechanisms are largely unknown. We investigated the effects and mechanism of SNS with appropriate parameters on constipation in rats treated with loperamide. First, using rectal compliance as an outcome measure, an experiment was performed to derive effective SNS parameters. Then, a 7-day SNS was performed in rats with constipation induced by loperamide. Autonomic functions were assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) derived from an electrocardiogram. Serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), norepinephrine (NE), and acetylcholine (ACh) in colon were assessed. 1) Acute SNS at 5 Hz, 100 µs was found effective in enhancing rectal compliance and accelerating distal colon transit ( P < 0.05 vs. sham SNS). 2) The 7-day SNS normalized loperamide-induced constipation, assessed by the number, weight, and water content of fecal pellets, and accelerated the distal colon transit (29.4 ± 3.7 min with sham SNS vs. 16.4 ± 5.3 min with SNS but not gastric emptying or intestinal transit. 3) SNS significantly increased vagal activity ( P = 0.035) and decreased sympathetic activity ( P = 0.012), assessed by spectral analysis of HRV as well as by the serum PP. 4) SNS increased ACh in the colon tissue; atropine blocked the accelerative effect of SNS on distal colon transit. We concluded that SNS with appropriate parameters improves constipation induced by loperamide by accelerating distal colon motility, mediated via the autonomic-cholinergic function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has been applied for treating constipation, its parameters were adopted from SNS for fecal incontinence, effects are limited, and mechanisms are largely unknown. This paper shows that SNS with appropriate parameters improves constipation induced by loperamide by accelerating distal colon motility mediated via the autonomic-cholinergic function.
Língua e cultura pop japonesa no Brasil: resultados de uma pesquisa de campo em São Luís (MA) e Fortaleza (CE)
Authors: Sasaki Elisa Massae 
Published: August 2019

This article will present fieldwork on Japanese language and culture in Brazil, achieved in São Luís (MA) and Fortaleza (CE). It was part of a research study called “Japanese language as the networking ties” which aimed to elucidate the role of Japanese language as “ties”, emphasizing how the Japanese language can contribute to forming communities outside of Japan. The research focused on the people of the group called “nihongo-jin” who reported, in the interview, their contact with Japanese pop culture and how it led them to study Japanese language.
T2-Weighted-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Hyperintensity on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Associated With Aggressive Symptoms in Patients With Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Patel Bhuvic , Chatterjee Arindam , Petr Ondra , Collins Heather , Lanzino Giuseppe , Derdeyn Colin P. , Zipfel Gregory J. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
Several angiographic factors of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are associated with aggressive presentation and poor natural history. We examined the association of magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2/FLAIR) hyperintensity with aggressive presentation.

Methods—
A cohort of dAVF patients from 2 centers was retrospectively examined. T2/FLAIR hyperintensity was determined by blinded, de-identified review and compared with angiographic grade and presenting symptoms.

Results—

T2/FLAIR hyperintensity was only identified in dAVF patients with cortical venous drainage (CVD). Among patients with CVD, those with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity were more likely to present with aggressive symptoms (20/23, 87.0%) than those without (6/21, 28.5%),
P
<0.001. All cured dAVFs with symptom resolution and available post-treatment imaging had resolution of T2/FLAIR hyperintensity.

Conclusions—
T2/FLAIR hyperintensity strongly correlates with aggressive presentation and CVD in dAVF patients, and may identify a subset that would benefit from early treatment.
Les citations de lettres de la chancellerie almohade dans les chroniques : rôle, place et fonction narrative
Authors: Ghouirgate Mehdi 
Published: August 2019

Résumé
Les lettres de chancellerie almohade qui nous ont été transmises l’ont été pour une partie à travers des chroniques rédigées entre la seconde moitié du VIe/XIIe siècle et la fin du VIIIe/XIVe siècle. Or la recherche contemporaine n’a probablement qu’insuffisamment mis l’accent sur le fait qu’il existait de grandes différences entre les lettres citées dans les chroniques rédigées par des obligés des Almohades et les chroniques d’époque mérinide. En effet, les premières sont le plus souvent complètes et servent à scander le récit en constituant des chapitres entiers quand les sources d’époque ultérieure les citent avec parcimonie, quand toutefois elles les citent. Leurs statuts respectifs diffèrent : pour les sources pro-almohades le but poursuivi était de donner l’image d’un pouvoir toujours vainqueur en faisant usage pour mieux marquer les esprits d’un lexique partisan qui employait notamment du saǧʿ ; à cette fin, le pouvoir almohade mettait à contribution les intellectuels organiques du système, les ṭalaba, afin de lire en chaire, voire de traduire pour rendre intelligible ces lettres au plus grand nombre. En revanche, elles ne jouent dans les chroniques d’époque mérinide et nasride qu’un rôle subsidiaire, celui de document d’un passé à jamais révolu qui vient en appoint de la narration. À ce titre, elles étaient le plus souvent tronquées et ne pouvaient constituer des chapitres entiers.
La chancellerie almohade de Tinmāl : l’imām Ibn Tūmart et la formation de la structure de la lettre almohade (515/1121-524/1129)
Authors: Benelhaj Soulami Jaafar 
Published: August 2019

Résumé
Écrire l’histoire d’une dynastie, d’une institution, d’un phénomène ou d’une personne exige en premier lieu une consultation minutieuse des archives et l’étude de l’histoire des institutions qui produisaient systématiquement ces archives. L’histoire des chancelleries musulmanes du Moyen Âge, et surtout celle de la chancellerie de l’empire almohade, reste encore à faire, à refaire ou à compléter, malgré les précieux travaux effectués par Évariste Lévi-Provençal, Pascal Buresi et d’autres chercheurs, vu les publications consécutives et récentes du patrimoine almohade. Ces études se donnent exclusivement comme but l’étude de cette chancellerie qui gérait l’empire des Almohades à partir de l’an 541/1146, c’est-à-dire à partir de l’installation de cette chancellerie à la capitale de l’empire. Or, la fondation de cette chancellerie est beaucoup plus ancienne que l’empire. En effet, elle date des premiers jours de la déclaration de l’imamat du Mahdī Ibn Tūmart et de l’éclat de la révolution almohade en l’an 515/1121. Notre propos est de tracer l’histoire de cette chancellerie durant l’époque de la révolution almohade, c’est-à-dire durant son étape embryonnaire, afin de permettre aux chercheurs de pouvoir refaire minutieusement l’histoire de cette institution impériale médiévale depuis ses premières origines.
A worldwide review of the genus Arganthomyza Roháček, with revision of the Nearctic species (Diptera: Anthomyzidae)
Authors: ROHÁČEK JINDŘICH , BARBER KEVIN N. 
Published: August 2019

World representatives of the genus Arganthomyza Roháček, 2009 (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) are reviewed, keyed and their relationships are discussed on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters. The Nearctic species of Arganthomyza are revised, described and illustrated, and first data about their biology and distribution are given. Five new species, A. carbo sp. n. (Canada, USA), A. acuticuspis sp. n. (USA), A. bivittata sp. n. (Canada, USA), A. duplex sp. n. (Canada, USA) and A. disjuncta sp. n. (Canada, USA) are described and A. socculata (Zetterstedt, 1847) is newly recorded from the Nearctic Region (USA: Alaska). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, four main clades/species groups are recognized within Arganthomyza, represented by the following species: A. barbarista Roháček, 2009 (A. barbarista group); A. setiplanta (Roháček, 1987), A. versitheca Roháček, 2009 and A. carbo sp. n. (A. setiplanta group); A. acuticuspis sp. n., A. bivittata sp. n. and A. duplex sp. n. (A. duplex group); A. disjuncta sp. n. and A. socculata (Zetterstedt) (A. socculata group). Considering the contemporary distribution and relationships of Arganthomyza species, it is hypothesized that the A. barbarista group and A. setiplanta group originated in East Asia while the A. duplex group and the A. socculata group each has its origin in the Nearctic Region.
Evolution of South Tropical Indian Ocean Warming and the Climatic Impacts Following Strong El Niño Events
Authors: Chen Zesheng , Du Yan , Wen Zhiping , Wu Renguang , Xie Shang-Ping 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The south tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warms following a strong El Niño, affecting Indo-Pacific climate in early boreal summer. While much attention has been given to the southwest TIO where the mean thermocline is shallow, this study focuses on the subsequent warming in the southeast TIO, where the mean sea surface temperature (SST) is high and deep convection is strong in early summer. The southeast TIO warming induces an anomalous meridional circulation with descending (ascending) motion over the northeast (southeast) TIO. It further anchors a “C-shaped” surface wind anomaly pattern with easterlies (westerlies) in the northeast (southeast) TIO, causing a persistent northeast TIO warming via wind–evaporation–SST feedback. The southeast TIO warming lags the southwest TIO warming by about one season. Ocean wave dynamics play a key role in linking the southwest and southeast TIO warming. South of the equator, the El Niño–forced oceanic Rossby waves, which contribute to the southwest TIO warming, are reflected as eastward-propagating oceanic Kelvin waves along the equator on the western boundary. The Kelvin waves subsequently depress the thermocline and develop the southeast TIO warming.
The Response of the Ozone Layer to Quadrupled CO2 Concentrations: Implications for Climate
Authors: Chiodo Gabriel , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The quantification of the climate impacts exerted by stratospheric ozone changes in abrupt 4 × CO2 forcing experiments is an important step in assessing the role of the ozone layer in the climate system. Here, we build on our previous work on the change of the ozone layer under 4 × CO2 and examine the effects of ozone changes on the climate response to 4 × CO2, using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. We show that the global-mean radiative perturbation induced by the ozone changes under 4 × CO2 is small, due to nearly total cancellation between high and low latitudes, and between longwave and shortwave fluxes. Consistent with the small global-mean radiative perturbation, the effect of ozone changes on the global-mean surface temperature response to 4 × CO2 is negligible. However, changes in the ozone layer due to 4 × CO2 have a considerable impact on the tropospheric circulation. During boreal winter, we find significant ozone-induced tropospheric circulation responses in both hemispheres. In particular, ozone changes cause an equatorward shift of the North Atlantic jet, cooling over Eurasia, and drying over northern Europe. The ozone signals generally oppose the direct effects of increased CO2 levels and are robust across the range of ozone changes imposed in this study. Our results demonstrate that stratospheric ozone changes play a considerable role in shaping the atmospheric circulation response to CO2 forcing in both hemispheres and should be accounted for in climate sensitivity studies.
Stochastic Parameterization of Processes Leading to Convective Initiation in Kilometer-Scale Models
Authors: Hirt Mirjam , Rasp Stephan , Blahak Ulrich , Craig George C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractKilometer-scale models allow for an explicit simulation of deep convective overturning but many subgrid processes that are crucial for convective initiation are still poorly represented. This leads to biases such as insufficient convection triggering and late peak of summertime convection. A physically based stochastic perturbation scheme (PSP) for subgrid processes has been proposed (Kober and Craig) that targets the coupling between subgrid turbulence and resolved convection. The first part of this study presents four modifications to this PSP scheme for subgrid turbulence: an autoregressive, continuously evolving random field; a limitation of the perturbations to the boundary layer that removes artificial convection at night; a mask that turns off perturbations in precipitating columns to retain coherent structures; and nondivergent wind perturbations that drastically increase the effectiveness of the vertical velocity perturbations. In a revised version, PSP2, the combined modifications retain the physically based coupling to the boundary layer scheme of the original scheme while removing undesirable side effects. This has the potential to improve predictions of convective initiation in kilometer-scale models while minimizing other biases. The second part of the study focuses on perturbations to account for convective initiation by subgrid orography. Here the mechanical lifting effect is modeled by introducing vertical and horizontal wind perturbations of an orographically induced gravity wave. The resulting perturbations lead to enhanced convective initiation over mountainous terrain. However, the total benefit of this scheme is unclear and we do not adopt the scheme in our revised configuration.