bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing a full and reduced version of a consumer‐led lexicon to measure emotional response to beer
Authors: Eaton Curtis , Chaya Carolina , Smart Katherine A. , Hort Joanne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVerbal self‐report emotion measures in sensory and consumer science commonly include a long lexicon of terms with an associated potential for participant boredom and fatigue. This study assessed the effectiveness of reducing the number of terms in a product‐specific lexicon by comparing a reduced form to a full form. The relative abilities of each lexicon to discriminate between beer samples were evaluated. Focus groups of UK beer consumers generated 43 emotion terms in response to a set of sensorially distinct lager samples. These terms were used by the participants to individually rate their emotional responses to lager samples. Cluster analysis, modified via linguistic checks, was used to group terms by similarity into emotion categories. Nine categories were defined which became the reduced lexicon. Subsequently, naïve beer consumers (n = 109) rated their emotional responses to the samples using both the full and reduced lexicons. The emotional spaces generated by both lexicons were comparable, although there were relative gains and losses in discrimination associated with each. However, overall, the forms were consistent in sample discriminability and use of the reduced emotion form was concluded to be preferable for product comparisons because of the significant savings in both time and resources.Practical applicationsEmotion measurement has been previously shown to go beyond hedonic measures in product discrimination. The present research has shown that, in commercial environments, a reduced product‐specific emotion lexicon may be preferable to a full version given the similarity between form lengths for sample discriminability in addition to significant savings in both time and resources.
Phospholipase Cγ2 signalling contributes to the haemostatic effect of Notoginsenoside Ft1
Authors: Liu Yingqiu , Liu Tianyi , Zhao Jing , He Taotao , Chen Hua , Wang Jiaqing , Zhang Weimin , Ma Wuren , Fan Yunpeng , Song Xiaoping 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The drawback of bleeding caused by chronic antiplatelet therapy is persecuting patients with thrombotic diseases severely. Based on the dual-directional regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng on platelet, the present study focused on the effect of Notoginsenoside Ft1, a saponin with effect in promoting platelet aggregation.

Key findings
According to the present study, Notoginsenoside Ft1 cannot stimulate platelet aggregation independently. However, the effect in enhancing aggregation induced by thrombin, collagen and ADP is peaked at 5–10 μm. In addition, thrombin-induced activation of PLCγ2-IP3/DAG-[Ca2+]/PKC-TXA2 signalling was potentiated by Notoginsenoside Ft1, as well. Furthermore, the mice tail bleeding time was shortened by administration of Notoginsenoside Ft1 significantly. And the bleeding time prolonged by aspirin was also restored by Ft1.

Conclusions
The haemostatic effect of Notoginsenoside Ft1 was exerted through potentiation of PLCγ2-IP3/DAG-[Ca2+]/PKC-TXA2 signalling pathway stimulated by other stimulators. Notoginsenoside Ft1 has the potential to be developed into supplements in antiplatelet therapy to prevent the drawback of bleeding.
Pre‐medical majors in the humanities and social sciences: impact on communication skills and specialty choice
Authors: Hirshfield Laura E , Yudkowsky Rachel , Park Yoon Soo 
Published: December 2018

ContextMedical school admissions committees use a variety of criteria to determine which candidates to admit to their programmes. Effective communication is increasingly considered a key requisite to the practice of effective medicine. Medical students with pre‐medical backgrounds in the humanities and social sciences may be more likely to acquire skills relevant to patient‐centred communication, either prior to or during medical school.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre‐medical backgrounds in the humanities and social sciences and outcomes in medical school, including in communication and interpersonal skills (CIS), licensure examination results and postgraduate specialty choice (primary care versus non‐primary care specialties).MethodsThe American Medical College Application Service database was used to identify pre‐medical college majors, demographic characteristics, Medical College Admission Test scores and college grade point averages for medical students at a large, midwestern medical school. Data were obtained for 465 medical students across three cohorts (classes of 2014–2016). Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine relationships between pre‐medical background, performance on graduation competency examination standardised patient encounter CIS scores and on United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores, and postgraduate specialty choice.ResultsGraduating medical students with pre‐medical humanities or social sciences majors performed significantly better in terms of CIS than those with natural science majors (Cohen's d = 0.28, p = 0.011). There were no significant associations between pre‐medical majors and USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores or postgraduate specialty choice.ConclusionsThese results suggest that considering humanistic factors as part of admissions criteria may promote the selection and training of physicians with good communication skills.
Characterization of peristaltic motility in the striated muscle portion of the esophagus using a novel in vivo method in rats
Authors: Horii Kazuhiro , Shiina Takahiko , Naitou Kiyotada , Nakamori Hiroyuki , Horii Yuuki , Shimaoka Hiroki , Shimizu Yasutake 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal peristalsis is controlled by the brainstem via vago‐vagal reflex. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms in the striated muscle portion are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize peristaltic motility in the portion of the esophagus using a novel in vivo method in rats.MethodsA balloon‐tipped catheter was placed in the esophagus of a rat anesthetized with urethane. To induce esophageal peristalsis, the balloon was inflated by water injection.Key ResultsWhen the balloon was inflated near the bronchial bifurcation, the balloon was transported in the aboral direction. Vagotomy abolished the peristaltic response. The threshold volume for inducing esophageal peristalsis varied according to the velocity of balloon distention; the volume being effective to induce peristalsis at a low inflation speed was smaller than the threshold volume at a rapid inflation speed. Even in the absence of inflation, keeping the balloon inside the esophagus during an interval period prevented subsequent induction of peristaltic motility. In addition, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor abolished the induction of esophageal peristalsis.Conclusions and InferencesOur findings suggest that (a) in addition to the intensity, the velocity of distention is important for activating the mechanosensory mechanism to induce esophageal peristalsis, (b) tonic inputs from afferent fibers located at the mucosa may reduce the excitability of mechanosensors which is necessary for inducing peristalsis, and (c) nitric oxide plays essential roles in the induction of esophageal peristalsis. These results provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of esophageal motility.
Clinical investigation of esophageal injury from cryoballoon ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Shigeta Takatoshi , Okishige Kaoru , Aoyagi Hideshi , Nishimura Takuro , Nakamura Rena A. , Ito Naruhiko , Tsuchiya Yusuke , Asano Mitsutoshi , Shimura Tsukasa , Suzuki Hidetoshi , Kurabayashi Manabu , Fukami Yuichi , Sakita Shinya , Keida Takehiko , Sasano Tetsuo , Hirao Kenzo , Yamauchi Yasuteru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe cryoballoon (CB) can be utilized for extra pulmonary vein (PV) ablation such as for a left atrial (LA) posterior wall (LAPW) isolation. However, scrutiny of the esophageal injuries during the LAPW isolation has never been performed. We sought to thoroughly investigate the esophageal lesions (ELs) and gastric hypomotility (GH) caused by an LAPW isolation using a CB.MethodsA total of 101 persistent atrial fibrillation patients who underwent an LAPW isolation using a CB were enrolled. The CB was applied on the roof and bottom area of the LAPW after a PV isolation. The luminal esophageal temperature (LET) was monitored by a thermistor probe during the CB applications. When the LET reached 15°C, the freezing application was prematurely interrupted. Esophagogastroscopy was performed on the next day following the ablation.ResultsAll PVs were successfully isolated in all patients. A successful LAPW isolation solely with CB ablation was performed in 72 (71.3%) patients. Cryofreezing applications were prematurely interrupted due to low LETs in 49 (48.5%) patients predominantly during the LA bottom line ablation. ELs and GH were observed in 11 (10.9%) and 16 patients (15.8%), respectively. The nadir LET tended to be lower in patients with ELs and GH than in those without (ELs: 14.8 ± 4.5°C vs 17.4 ± 6.0°C, P = 0.17; GH: 15.5 ± 4.5°C vs 17.5 ± 6.1°C, P = 0.23, respectively).ConclusionsEsophageal complications such as ELs and GH occur during the LAPW isolation with a CB. There was no reliable predictor of those adverse events.
Quality control and stability of ketamine, remifentanil, and sufentanil syringes in a pediatric operating theater
Authors: Bourdon Florence , Simon Nicolas , Lannoy Damien , Berneron Christophe , Décaudin Bertrand , Reumaux Laurence , Duhamel Alain , Richart Pierre , Odou Pascal 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundTransforming a drug from its commercial form into a ready‐to‐use drug is common practice, especially in pediatrics. However, the risk of compounding error is real and data on drug stability in practice are not always available.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess, in real conditions, both the error rate and stability of three drugs: ketamine, remifentanil, and sufentanil.MethodsA new rapid and easy‐to‐use high‐performance liquid chromatography method with a diode array detector has been developed and validated to quantify these drugs and detect their degradation products. Over a 1‐month period, 151 syringes were collected in the postanesthesia care unit. Seventy‐three were stock solution syringes containing a 10‐fold dilution of commercial drugs and 78 were serial dilution syringes made from successive dilutions of stock solutions. A comparison between real and expected concentrations as well as the detection of possible degradation products was carried out on these samples.ResultsAll stock solution syringes had good chemical stability throughout the working day. A 4‐µg/mL remifentanil serial dilution syringe, however, had to be discarded as a degradation peak was detected. Overall, 15.3% (95% CI, 9.5‐21.1%) of syringes had a drug concentration outside the ±10% acceptability range, that is, 11.0% (95% CI, 3.7‐18.2%) and 19.5% (95% CI, 10.6%‐28.4%) of stock and diluted syringes respectively, with drug amounts ranging from −25.3% to 22.0%. The highest error rates were observed with sufentanil syringes: 20% and 28% for stock solution and serial dilution, respectively.ConclusionThe study shows that stock solution syringes prepared in advance are chemically stable throughout the day, unlike certain serial dilution syringes, indicating that the latter should be prepared just before administration to ensure chemical stability. Our results show that the error rate for serial dilution syringes is twice that of stock solution. Different safety measures are under discussion and have to be further studied.
EgRBP42 from oil palm enhances adaptation to stress in Arabidopsis through regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport of stress‐responsive mRNAs
Authors: Yeap Wan‐Chin , Namasivayam Parameswari , Ooi Tony Eng Keong , Appleton David Ross , Kulaveerasingam Harikrishna , Ho Chai‐Ling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAbiotic stress reduces plant growth and crop productivity. However, the mechanism underlying posttranscriptional regulations of stress response remains elusive. Herein, we report the posttranscriptional mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport of stress‐responsive transcripts mediated by EgRBP42, a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein‐like RNA‐binding protein from oil palm, which could be necessary for rapid protein translation to confer abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing EgRBP42 showed early flowering through alteration of gene expression of flowering regulators and exhibited tolerance towards heat, cold, drought, flood, and salinity stresses with enhanced poststress recovery response by increasing the expression of its target stress‐responsive genes. EgRBP42 harbours nucleocytoplasmic shuttling activity mediated by the nuclear localization signal and the M9‐like domain of EgRBP42 and interacts directly with regulators in the nucleus, membrane, and the cytoplasm. EgRBP42 regulates the nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport of target stress‐responsive transcripts through direct binding to their AG‐rich motifs. Additionally, EgRBP42 transcript and protein induction by environmental stimuli are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Taken together, the posttranscriptional regulation of RNA transport mediated by EgRBP42 may change the stress‐responsive protein profiles under abiotic stress conditions leading to a better adaptation of plants to environmental changes.
Talking Politics? Educational Category Salience Reinforces Differences in People’s Willingness to Participate in Deliberative Initiatives
Authors: Spruyt Bram , Kuppens Toon , Spears Russell , van Noord Jochem 
Published: December 2018

Against the background of an ever‐growing body of literature that documents educational differentials in different forms of political participation, scholars have started to study whether education itself becomes the object of intergroup behavior. Informed by social identity theory and self‐categorization theory, we examine whether making educational categories and the associated status differences salient affects people’s prospective political participation. Two large survey experiments carried out in samples from Flanders (Belgium; N = 1,097) and the United States (N = 629) were used to assess categorization effects of education on people’s willingness to participate in deliberative political‐participation initiatives. In general, our results indicated that rendering educational categories salient increased educational differentials in prospective political participation in a way that is disadvantageous to the less educated. We elaborate on the implications of our findings.
Four Decades of Public Participation in Risk Decision Making
Authors: Webler Thomas , Tuler Seth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOver the past four decades, the promise of public participation to improve decisions, obtain legitimacy, and build capacity for risk decision making and management has had a mixed record. In this article, we offer a narrative of how public participation has evolved in the United States and we examine prospects for its future. We trace three forces that have had significant impact on practice: an emergent emphasis on democratic deliberation, a transition from dichotomous thinking about science versus politics to an integrated perspective, and the recognition that different parties to the decision‐making process bring valid epistemological contributions. The promise of public participation in risk decision making is challenged by loss of trust in institutions and individuals and by broad socio‐political dynamics that are weakening democratic values and processes. These include the scarcity of attitudes and aptitudes supportive of public participation among both individuals and institutions; an anti‐democratic political atmosphere that promotes disrespect; pursuit of private interests over the common good; failure to appreciate the limitations of dialogue and learning; underutilization of existing knowledge; and insufficient knowledge of how context matters. We end by offering several suggestions for focusing further research and improving practice.
Retracted: Urinary circulating DNA and circulating antigen for diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni: a field study
Authors: Diab Radwa Galal , Mady Rasha Fadly , Tolba Mona Mohamed , Ghazala Rasha Abdelmawla 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate three non‐invasive assays for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni in an Egyptian village.MethodsUrine was collected for the detection of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) and cell‐free parasite DNA (cfpd) by Point‐of‐contact (POC)‐cassette assay and PCR, respectively. These tests were compared to Kato‐Katz (KK) faecal thick smear for detection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs.ResultsDisease prevalence by POC‐CCA assay was 86%; by PCR it was 39% vs. 27% by KK. Compared to KK, the sensitivity of POC‐CCA reached 100%, but its specificity was only 19.2% with 41% accuracy. Sensitivity of the PCR assay for cfpd was 55.56%, and specificity was 67.12% with 64% accuracy. A new end point was calculated for combined analysis of KK, POC‐CCA assay and PCR. Sensitivity for the three tests was 52.94%, 90.2% and 76.47%; specificity was 100% for KK and PCR and 18.37% for POC‐CCA. The accuracy calculated for the three tests at the end point was 76% for KK, 55% for POC‐CCA assay and 88% for PCR.ConclusionConventional PCR assay for detection of cfpd provides a potential screening tool for intestinal schistosomiasis with reliable specificity, reasonable accuracy and affordable financial and technical cost.
The effect of body condition on postoperative recovery of dachshunds with intervertebral disc disease treated with postoperative physical rehabilitation
Authors: Gordon‐Evans Wanda J. , Johnson Ann L. , Knap Kim E. , Griffon Dominique J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of obesity on postoperative recovery from thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dachshunds treated with rehabilitation.Study designProspective observational trial.AnimalsThirty‐two dachshunds with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease and pain perception.MethodsDachshunds were entered into the study after unilateral thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy. Lean muscle and fat contents were measured with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the beginning and at week 12 of the study. Aggressive rehabilitation was performed 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery. Logistic regressions were used to determine the odds ratios between potential risk factors (age, duration of clinical signs, weight, body condition score, percentage body fat, percentage lean muscle mass, and disability index [DI] score at presentation) and return benchmarks of recovery.ResultsBody condition score, percentage body fat, percentage lean muscle mass, weight, and age did not influence the odds ratio for recovery. An increase in preoperative DI score was associated with increased risk of a slow postoperative recovery (P < .05). The odds ratios were 2.5, 4.8, and 1.8 for >7 days until standing, > 30 days until strong ambulation, and failure to return to normal within the study period, respectively. On average, dogs lost weight (2.2 kg) and body fat (2.4%) but gained muscle mass (3.0%) over the study period (P < .05).ConclusionPreoperative disability but not body condition was a risk factor for a slow recovery after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dachshunds with rehabilitation.Clinical significanceA slower recovery is likely with increased preoperative disability, but body condition does not seem to affect the postoperative prognosis of dachshunds treated with rehabilitation.
Cultural validation of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Version III Urdu for the British Urdu-speaking population: a qualitative assessment using cognitive interviewing
Authors: Mirza Nadine , Panagioti Maria , Waheed Waquas 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesOur research determined whether the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Version III (ACE-III) Urdu eliminated cultural bias through a qualitative assessment of its understanding and acceptability within the British Urdu-speaking population, employing cognitive interviews.MethodWe aimed to recruit 25 participants fluent in speaking and writing Urdu, over the age of 60 years, able to give informed consent and who did not have a history of cognitive impairment. Participants were administered the ACE-III Urdu, and cognitive interviews were conducted, which involve obtaining verbal data on the individual’s perception of the assessment overall, their understanding of the mental processes behind how they interpreted questions within the assessment and how they produced appropriate responses. This allows us to gauge the participants’ overall thoughts on the Urdu ACE-III before applying question-formatted prompts to every ACE-III Urdu item.ResultsWe recruited 25 participants, 12 women (48%), ranging from ages 60 years to 85 years (M=69.12, SD=6.57), all from Greater Manchester. Participants came from varied socioeconomic backgrounds, with 22 identifying as Pakistani, one as British Pakistani and two as East African. Across 19 ACE-III Urdu items, 7 required changes based on participant feedback: item 5a: fluency; items 6, 18 and 19: memory; items 12 and 13: language; and item 17: visuospatial abilities.The need for some of these changes was realised after 21 participants, due to persistently reoccurring issues, and these were applied before the last four participants. Overall, the ACE-III Urdu was considered easy and straightforward by all 25 participants, who understood items and felt the ACE-III Urdu was appropriate, not just for them, but for British Urdu speakers in general.ConclusionOur cognitive interviews determined the ACE-III Urdu was acceptable, especially with regards to cultural context, but further changes were made to ensure understanding. Therefore, we adapted the ACE-III Urdu in accordance with feedback, resulting in our finalised version being culturally validated.