bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Service Clusters on the Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Lezgovko Michail , Lezgovko Aleksandra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Clusterization has been named as one of the priorities of the development strategy of many European Union countries. Clusterization experts have already hypothesized that clusters of various economic activities are important not only in the formation of regional policy, but they also in a complex way stimulate the whole country’s economic growth from job creation to the development of intellectual property to new innovative industries. These realities show that cluster activity and its results are important not only for cluster participants, but also for the economy of the country in which clusters operate. However, there are currently no reliable and effective tools to validate this hypothesis. In the analysis of the problem and in order to deepen the theoretical knowledge of the object under study, this paper analyses and summarizes systematic, logical and comparative scientific literature, scientific studies, strategic documents and legal acts. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical overview of the currently available knowledge on service clusterization and sustainable economic development, to demonstrate the acute absence of relevant theoretical foundations and linkages that would allow to analyse these phenomena, and propose a methodological approach that would allow to expand this field of study.
Stress vector magnetic property measurement system
Authors: Kai Yuichiro , Enokizono Masato 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The development of high-efficiency, low-loss motors is required for industrial and automotive applications. We propose that motors with high efficiency and low loss can be developed by controlling the vector magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets by applying stress. Therefore, it is necessary to examine not only the magnitude of the magnetic field strength but also the spatial phase difference between the B and H vectors under stress. In this paper, we present a measurement system that we developed to clarify the relationship between stress and vector magnetic properties.
Demagnetization of instrument transformers before calibration
Authors: Draxler Karel , Styblíková Renata 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the influence of magnetization of an instrument current transformer (ICT) core on ICT errors, and presents a procedure for demagnetizing an ICT. The dependence of ICT errors on the magnetization of the ICT core for different magnetic materials is given in the paper, together with a detailed procedure for ICT demagnetization. The results of experiments are summarized, and conclusions are drawn on when ICT demagnetization is necessary, and on how to prevent the destruction of an ICT due to its winding being punctured.
Electromagnetic image of small UAV in very low frequency range
Authors: Blažek Josef , Lipovský Pavol , Heško František , Repčík Dušan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the measurement, visualization and analysis of the magnetic field in the 3D space around a small quadcopter. The measurements were realized in the very low frequency (VLF) range, since this range is interesting because of the possible detection of the drone also in the fully automated flight mode (without telemetry transmission). A measurement equipment/device that allows mapping of the magnetic field of the multirotor drone based on the sensor elevation and the copters azimuth was realized. The magnetic field was measured with a small inductive sensor – the air coil. Frequency analysis (signal spectrum) and the spatial 3D analysis of the selected frequency components that brought interesting results were carried out on the recorded data.
Magnetoelastic effect in axial stressed Ni-Zn ferrite material in Rayleigh region
Authors: Kachniarz Maciej , Salach Jacek 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper presents new and original results of investigation on magnetoelastic effect in Ni-Zn ferrite formed into ring core and subjected to the axial stress up to 20 MPa. The core was magnetized with relatively low magnetizing field, corresponding to the so-called Rayleigh region. The obtained results indicate, that there is a significant correlation between applied stress and magnetic properties of the material and the Ni-Zn ferrite can be utilized in development of magnetoelastic sensor of force and stress.
Analysis of magnetic losses in Fe-polymer composites
Authors: Najgebauer Mariusz , Jakubas Adam , Szczygłowski Jan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The most important properties of soft magnetic materials are peak induction and magnetic losses, determining the size and efficiency of electric devices. Conventional soft magnetic materials are not suitable for the construction of miniaturized magnetic cores. Soft magnetic composites meet miniaturization requirements of electric and electronic devices. In this paper, magnetic losses in self-developed Fe-polymer composites are analyzed. The frequency dependencies of magnetic losses are measured at different level of maximum induction. The influence of Fe-grain size on magnetic losses is also discussed.
The effect of material structure on the formalism of the Bertotti energy losses model
Authors: Szczyglowski Jan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The high requirements for magnetic circuits used in electrical equipment particularly concern the possibility of reducing energy losses. In the presented paper, the influence of the material structure on the formalism of the energy losses model is considered. It has been shown that the structure has a significant effect on the dependence between the number of magnetic domains involved in the material demagnetization and the excess magnetic field. This dependence is the basic concept of the considered model. The results presented in the paper can be used for prediction of losses in magnetic materials of different structures with satisfactory predictive errors at the design stage of magnetic circuits by means of CAD tools.
On the application of magnetoelastic properties measurements for plastic level determination in martensitic steels
Authors: Piotrowski Leszek , Chmielewski Marek , Kowalewski Zbigniew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The change in the dislocation density, induced by plastic deformation, influences strongly the magnetic domain structure inside the material. Being so, classic parameters, like the coercivity or magnetic permeability, can be a good measure of the deformation level, yet their reliable determination in a non-destructive way in industrial environment is problematic. The magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) which results from the non-180° domain walls (DW) movement in materials with non-zero magnetostriction can be used as an alternative. The intensity of the MAE signal changes strongly as a result of plastic deformation for both tensile and compressive deformation. It is however possible to discern those cases by analysing the changes in the shape of the MAE signal envelopes. The set of the martensitic steel samples (P91) deformed up to 10% (for both tension and compression) was investigated. Due to geometrical limitations imposed by the special mounting system, enabling compression without buckling, the sample had the shape resulting in low signal to noise (S/N) ratio. Being so the optimization of FFT filtering and wavelet analysis was performed in order to improve sensitivity of the proposed method of deformation level determination.
Agglomeration effect of medical education: Based on the web of science database
Authors: Men Weili , Xiao Haijuan , Yang Zhiping , Fan Daiming 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
By retrieving the 1900–2016 medical education-related essays from the web of science database, UCINET software was used to build the national cooperation network and its nested visualization software, and NetDraw was used to visualize the country cooperation networks in different time windows. We found that international medical education papers began to show exponential growth until 1945 and international cooperation did not begin to become dense until 1961. With the increasing number of participating countries in international medical education, the cooperation factions formed more complicated. The intensity of international cooperation between the United States, Britain and other major international medical education powers has been declining from 1991 to 2016. Between Brazil and China, during 1996–2016, the center of cooperation network has been on the rise for a long time, and the intensity of Canada's cooperation in medical education research has been on the rise for nearly 25 years. The center of international medical education is gradually being transferred from the United States to Canada.
The progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of aplastic anemia
Authors: Zhu Ningning , Wu Dijiong , Ye Baodong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a common hematologic disease that is characterized by hematopoietic failure of the bone marrow and pancytopenia of the peripheral blood, which can be divided into severe and non-severe aplastic ane-mia, or acute and chronic aplastic anemia according to the severity of the disease and the progress of the clinical course. During the past years, the advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on the treatment of AA have been well clarified and its theory system has been improved as well. This review is mainly on representing the pathogenesis, therapeutic principle and method, research progression, and advantages of TCM on AA.
Successful pharmacotherapy for multiple acute decompensation events in a cirrhotic patient with acute-on-chronic liver failure: A case report
Authors: Xu Xiangbo , Bai Zhaohui , Zhao Qingchun , Li Hongyu , Shi Qiang , Deng Jiao , Zhang Jingqiao , Guo Xiaozhong , Qi Xingshun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a potentially lethal syndrome, which is characterized by an acute deterioration of liver function in patients with chronic liver diseases. The present paper reported that an alcoholic cirrhotic patient with ACLF developed septic shock, hydrothorax, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding at the same hospitalization and was successfully rescued by pharmacotherapy alone without any invasive intervention.
Study on Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Echinococcus granulosus infection in veterinarians from Poland
Authors: Wójcik-Fatla Angelina , Sroka Jacek , Zając Violetta , Zwoliński Jacek , Sawczyn-Domańska Anna , Kloc Anna , Bilska-Zając Ewa , Chmura Robert , Dutkiewicz Jacek 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Exposure to zoonotic factors in veterinary practice is closely related to the nature of the work. The main aim of the study was to determine the risk of selected zoonotic infections among the occupational group of veterinarians in Poland.

Material and Methods: Blood samples of 373 veterinarians (162 males and 211 females) from 12 provinces of Poland were collected by the venipuncture of a forearm for serological tests. Commercial immunoenzymatic tests (ELISA) were used for detection of specific IgG antibodies to Echinococcus granulosus, IgM and IgG to Leptospira spp., and IgM, IgA, and I and II phase IgG to Coxiella burnetii. Enzyme-linked fluorescence assays (ELFA) were used to detect IgM and IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii.

Results: Positive results were found in 209 (56.0%) veterinarians for at least one of the examined diseases. The overall proportion of participants found to have specific Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the IgM and/or IgG assays amounted to 44.5%. The presence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies was found in 16 (4.3%) subjects, while Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 63 (16.9%) veterinarians. Among the 373 veterinarians examined, no Echinococcus granulosus antibodies were found.

Conclusion: Results of the study seem to indicate a slightly elevated risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection and a moderate risk of infection with Leptospira spp. and Coxiella burnetii in veterinarians.
Applicability of the protein-lipid profile and activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes for diagnosing nutritional muscular dystrophy in calves
Authors: Żarczyńska Katarzyna , Sobiech Przemysław , Snarska Anna , Tobolski Dawid , Pareek Chandra Shekhar , Bednarek Dariusz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction: In calves, hyposelenosis degenerates skeletal muscles in different parts of the body. The extent of damage to muscle cells can be diagnosed by determining the activity of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The aim of this study was to analyse variations in the serum levels of LDH isoenzymes in calves with nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD), to determine the applicability of this parameter for diagnosing NMD, and to describe the influence of hyposelenosis on total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (CHOL) levels.

Material and Methods: Two groups of calves (n = six animals per group) were used. After birth, control group calves (SC) were intramuscularly administered 10 ml of a preparation containing selenium (Se) and vitamin E, and experimental group animals (SE) that were not injected. Blood was collected after 5, 15, and 25 days, and the concentrations of Se, vitamin E, TP, TG, and CHOL and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), CK, and LDH fractions were determined.

Results: Hypocholesterolaemia and elevated TG levels were found in SE group calves whose LDH fractions revealed a significant increase in LDH4 and LDH5 activity and a decrease in LDH1 activity when electrophoretically separated.

Conclusions: Nutritional muscular dystrophy is accompanied by hypocholesterolaemia and elevated TG levels caused by muscle lipolysis. LDH4 and LDH5 activity parameters assist early diagnosis of NMD in calves.
New insight of apparently healthy animals as a potential reservoir for Clostridium perfringens: a public health implication
Authors: Hamza Dalia , Dorgham Sohad M. , Elhariri Mahmoud , Elhelw Rehab , Ismael Elshaimaa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Clostridium perfringens is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and continues to cause one of the most prevalent foodborne diseases in man.

Material and Methods: A total of 355 samples were examined for the occurrence of C. perfringens: rectal swabs from cattle, sheep, and goats, fresh stool samples from diarrhoea sufferers having been in contact with these animals, irrigation water and soil samples from the husbandry sites, and preharvesting fresh produce from farms irrigated with the sampled water. All samples were collected from Cairo and Giza governorates, Egypt. PCR analysis was carried out with positive isolates using the α-toxin gene. Sequence analysis of the gene of C. perfringens isolates was performed using the neighbour-joining approach. Bootstrap analysis was executed with 1,000 resamplings.

Results: 174 C. perfringens strains were isolated with a 49.01% prevalence. The highest prevalence of C. perfringens in apparently healthy animals was found in sheep (65.45%) followed by goats (58%), buffaloes (55%), and cattle (47.1%). Its prevalence in humans being in contact with these animals was 47.5%. The bacterium’s isolation from the soil and irrigation water was achieved in 40% and 31.7% of samples, respectively, posing a risk, particularly when the water and soil contact food in the field, shown by the fresh produce isolation of 40%. A significant relationship between the prevalence of C. perfringens in animal and environmental samples was identified (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was identified neither between animal species and C. perfringens prevalence, nor between the environmental source and C. perfringens prevalence (P > 0.05). All isolates were positive for the α-toxin gene by PCR. The sequence analysis and the phylogenetic relationship of the α-toxin genes from different samples revealed that C. perfringens from faeces of apparently healthy cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats is a significant threat in places where it can contaminate the soil and water. In addition, the sequence of C. perfringens from humans suffering from diarrhoea was found in the same cluster with the sequence from cows, goats, and sheep.

Conclusion: The role of apparently healthy animals in transmitting C. perfringens to humans, either through being in direct or indirect contact via water or soil in the cultivation of vegetables and fruits, was demonstrated.
Control of residues of thyreostats in slaughter animals in Poland in 2011–2017
Authors: Woźniak Barbara , Matraszek-Żuchowska Iwona , Sielska Katarzyna , Witek Sebastian , Posyniak Andrzej , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Żmudzki Jan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction: In the European Union, the use of thyreostatic drugs for fattening slaughter animals has been banned since 1981 under Council Directive 81/602/EEC. For protection of consumer health against unwanted residues and in compliance with Directive 96/23, each EU country must monitor thyreostats in samples of animal origin. This paper presents the results of research on thyreostatic residues carried out in Poland in 2011–2017.

Material and Methods: The material for testing was urine (n = 3,491), drinking water (n = 127), and muscle samples (n = 349) officially collected by Veterinary Sanitary Inspectors in slaughterhouses and farms throughout the country in accordance with the national residue control plan. The samples were examined for the presence of tapazole, thiouracil, methylthiouracil, propylthiouracil, and phenylthiouracil using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry through an accredited method.

Results: In four bovine and three porcine urine samples, the permissible thiouracil concentration was exceeded. In one sample of porcine urine, methyl- and propylthiouracil were found. The presence of thiouracil and its derivatives in urine samples is most likely due to feeding animals diet containing cruciferous plants.

Conclusions: The results of research indicate that thyreostats are not used for anabolic purposes in slaughter animals in Poland.
Inactivated H5 antigens of H5N8 protect chickens from lethal infections by the highly pathogenic H5N8 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses
Authors: Jin Myongha , Jang Yunyueng , Seo Taehyun , Seo Sang Heui 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Highly pathogenic Asian H5-subtype avian influenza viruses have been found in poultry and wild birds worldwide since they were first detected in southern China in 1996. Extensive control efforts have not eradicated them. Vaccination prevents such viruses infecting poultry and reduces the number lost to compulsory slaughter. The study showed the efficacy of inactivated H5 vaccine from the H5N8 virus against highly pathogenic H5N8 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses in chickens.

Material and Methods: Reverse genetics constructed an H5 vaccine virus using the HA gene of the 2014 H5N8 avian influenza virus and the rest of the genes from A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). The vaccine viruses were grown in fertilised eggs, partially purified through a sucrose gradient, and inactivated with formalin. Chickens were immunised i.m. with 1 µg of oil-adjuvanted inactivated H5 antigens.

Results: Single dose H5 vaccine recipients were completely protected from lethal infections by homologous H5N8 avian influenza virus and shed no virus from the respiratory or intestinal tracts but were not protected from lethal infections by heterologous H5N6. When chickens were immunised with two doses and challenged with homologous H5N8 or heterologous H5N6, all survived and shed no virus.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that two-dose immunisations of chickens with H5 antigens with oil adjuvant are needed to provide broad protection against different highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses.
Occurrence of reovirus (ARV) infections in poultry flocks in Poland in 2010–2017
Authors: Czekaj Hanna , Kozdruń Wojciech , Styś-Fijoł Natalia , Niczyporuk Jowita Samanta , Piekarska Karolina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Avian reovirus (ARV) infections in poultry populations are reported worldwide. The reovirus belongs to the genus Orthoreovirus, family Reoviridae. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ARV infections in the poultry population based on diagnostic tests performed in 2010–2017.

Material and Methods: Samples of the liver and spleen were collected from sick birds suspected of ARV infection and sent for diagnostics. Isolation was performed in 5–7-day-old SPF chicken embryos infected into the yolk sac with homogenates of internal organs of sick birds. Four primer pairs were used to detect the σNS, σC, σA, and µA ARV RNA gene fragments. A nested PCR was used for the detection of the σNS and σC genes.

Results: In 2010–2017, ARV infection was found in birds from 81 flocks of broiler chickens and/or layers, 8 flocks of slaughter turkeys, and in 4 hatchery embryos at 17–20 days of incubation. The primers used in RT-PCR and nested PCR did not allow effective detection of ARV RNA in all virus-positive samples.

Conclusion: The problem of ARV infections in the poultry population in Poland still persist. The primers used for various ARV segments in RT-PCR and nested PCR did not allow effective detection of RNA in the visceral organs of sick birds. The presented results confirm the necessity of using classical diagnostic methods (isolation in chicken embryos, AGID).
Monitoring vaginal electrical resistance, follicular waves, and hormonal profile during oestrous cycle in the transition period in Bangladeshi sheep
Authors: Talukder Mohammad Rafiqul Islam , Hasan Moinul , Rosy Tasmia Akter , Bari Farida Yeasmin , Juyena Nasrin Sultana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction: The ovarian follicular dynamics, vaginal electrical resistance (VER), progesterone (P4) and oestrogen (E2) profiles were investigated during the oestrous cycle in four indigenous ewes.

Material and Methods: Daily VER values were recorded with a heat detector. The follicles were observed and measured by trans-rectal ultrasonography. Blood was collected daily for hormonal profiles.

Results: A significant variation in VER values (P < 0.05) in oestrus by ewes and position in the sequence of cycles was observed. Trans-rectal ultrasonography of ovaries revealed the presence of 2–4 waves of follicular growth. Study of hormonal profiles by ELISA revealed a positive correlation between E2 concentration and development of follicles and a negative correlation between P4 concentration and their development. The concentrations of oestradiol increased in oestrus and then decreased to a basal level. Follicular growth was accompanied by a rise in the concentration of serum oestradiol. Inversely, when follicles received the stimulation for ovulation, concentration of progesterone started to fall, but after ovulation, it climbed back to its peak and remained at this state until next ovulatory follicle reached its maximum diameter.

Conclusion: This study could help to set up a manipulative reproductive technique for improving genetic values in indigenous sheep.
Early Age Autogenous Shrinkage of Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Ullah Farid , Al-Neshawy Fahim , Punkki Jouni 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Concrete is often sensitive to cracking during the hardening process, and these cracks could be the result of early-age shrinkage. One method to reduce shrinkage is to add different types of fibres to concrete. The aim of this study was to study the effects of different types of fibres on the early-age autogenous shrinkage of concrete. Three different types of fibre materials were used in the research. A “Schleibinger Bending-drain” test setup was used to record early-age autogenous shrinkage of fresh concrete immediately after mixing. The results show that, a fibre dosage of 0.38% by volume was found to be effective in reducing the effects of early-age autogenous shrinkage of concrete.