bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is This Mine to Keep? Three‐dimensional Printing Enables Active, Personalized Learning in Anatomy
Authors: Backhouse Simon , Taylor Darci , Armitage James A. 
Published: November 2018

Understanding orbital anatomy is important for optometry students, but the learning resources available are often fragile, expensive, and accessible only during scheduled classes. Drawing on a constructivist, personalized approach to learning, this study investigated students’ perceptions of an alternative learning resource: a three‐dimensional (3D) printed model used in an active learning task. A human skull was three‐dimensionally scanned and used to produce a 3D printed model for each student. Students actively participated in model creation by tracing suture lines and coloring individual orbital bones during a practical class, then keeping the model for future study. Students’ perceptions of the 3D orbital model were examined through a questionnaire: the impact the model had on their learning; perceptions of the 3D orbit compared to traditional resources; and utility of having their own personalized model. The 3D orbit was well received by the student cohort. Participants (n = 69) preferred the 3D orbit as a resource for learning orbital bone anatomy compared to traditional learning resources, believing the model helped them to understand and visualize the spatial relationships of the bones, and that it increased their confidence to apply this knowledge. Overall, the participants liked that they co‐created the model, could touch and feel it, and that they had access to it whenever they liked. Three‐dimensional printing technology has the potential to enable the creation of effective learning resources that are robust, low‐cost and readily accessible to students, and should be considered by anyone wishing to incorporate personalized resources to their multimodal teaching repertoire.
Circulating miR‐26a and miR‐21 as biomarkers for glioblastoma multiform
Authors: ParvizHamidi Monireh , Haddad Ghazal , Ostadrahimi Shiva , Ostadrahimi Nima , Sadeghi Sedigheh , Fayaz Shima , Fard‐Esfahani Pezhman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma multiform is the most common and lethal primary central nervous system tumor. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), present in cell‐free bodily fluids, have been gaining importance as cancer biomarkers. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether circulating miRNA‐128, ‐21, and ‐26a in glioblastoma patients can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Venous blood samples were collected from 11 noncancerous volunteers and 15 glioblastoma patients pre‐ and post operation. Also, tissue tumor samples were obtained intra‐operationally to assay consistency of miRNA levels in serum and tissue samples. Serum and tissue levels of miRNAs were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. miR‐21 and miR‐26a were both significantly upregulated in pre‐ and postoperation serum samples of glioblastoma patients compared with the serum samples of noncancerous controls. We found that all three miR‐128, ‐21, and ‐26a expression levels were reduced in postoperative serum samples compared with pre‐operative serum samples, though this decrease was only significant for miR‐26a. The serum miR‐26a and miR‐21 upregulation in glioblastoma patients compared to noncancerous controls and their downregulation in postoperative serum from glioblastoma patients suggest that these miRNAs could be used as serum‐derived miRNA biomarkers for glioblastoma.
Asymmetric impact of oil market uncertainty on the US biofuel industry
Authors: Dutta Anupam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLiterature has shown that crude oil prices have a significant impact on the global biofuel industry. However, previous researchers have investigated the link between fossil fuel and biofuel employing a linear framework, although energy price indexes are often nonlinear and asymmetric in nature. The present study examines whether the effect of oil‐price uncertainty on US ethanol market volatility is asymmetric. This work differs from earlier studies in that, unlike the existing literature, it considers the information content of the crude oil volatility index (OVX) as the indicator of oil market uncertainty. Methodologically, an extended EGARCH process has been employed to examine the asymmetric linkage. The findings suggest that the crude oil market creates volatility in the US ethanol industry. More specifically, ethanol volatility is negatively affected by oil volatility implying that an increase in oil volatility results in a decrease in ethanol volatility. The results also show that the impact of oil market uncertainty on the US ethanol industry is asymmetric indicating that the biofuel prices react differently to the rise and fall in crude oil volatility index. The findings further suggest that including OVX in the EGARCH process improves the volatility forecasts of the US ethanol price index. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Local regression and control of T1‐2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Xue Fen , Ou Dan , Hu Chaosu , He Xiayun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the local regression and control in T1‐2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and to analyze the related influencing factors.MethodsBetween January 2006 and June 2014, 247 consecutive T1‐2 NPC patients treated with IMRT were retrospectively analyzed, with 126 (51.0%) N0‐1 disease and 121 (49.0%) N2‐3 disease. Among them, 72.9% received platinum‐based chemotherapy. The prescribed dose to gross tumor volume was 66 Gy/30 fractions.ResultsBy the end of IMRT, the chemoradiotherapy (CRT) group had higher local complete response (CR) rate compared with IMRT alone group (92.2% vs 74.6%, P < 0.001), but no significant difference was discovered in 5‐year local control (LC) rate (95.1% vs 94.9%, P = 0.968). Of the rest 31 patients with residual nasopharyngeal lesions after IMRT, those received boost irradiation (67.7%) also showed no improvement in 5‐year LC rate compared with the observational group (95.0% vs 100.0%, P = 0.307). With a median follow‐up of 63 months, the estimated 5‐year LC rate for the whole group was 95.1% (T1 vs T2: 95.9% vs 94.7%, P = 0.186). Prognostic factors for LC were found neither in univariate nor in multivariate analysis. Advanced N stage was found to be the only adverse prognostic factor for all the other survivals.ConclusionsExcellent LC could be achieved in T1‐2 NPC treated with IMRT. The addition of chemotherapy may offer short‐term response benefit, but no significant LC benefit, so did boost irradiation. Attention should be attached to advanced N stage, the exploration of the recurrence‐related factors, and the necessities of the additional treatment.
Managing stake and accountability in Prime Ministers' accounts of the “refugee crisis”: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Sakki Inari , Pettersson Katarina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTaking a (critical) discursive psychological approach, the present study explores the identity management of the Finnish and Swedish Prime Ministers (PM) in relation to the “refugee crisis” and their countries' asylum policies. By taking a longitudinal approach and analysing the PMs' accounts of the “refugee crisis” from 1‐year period, we focused on the ways rhetorical devices related to ethos, logos, and pathos were used to manage the issues of stake and accountability, as well as on the ways in which categories were worked up to serve particular functions. Our comparative analysis demonstrated significant similarities in the Finnish and Swedish PMs' talk, especially with regard to the transfer from a discourse of pathos and ethos, describing refugees in terms of individualism and humaneness, to a discourse of logos, emphasizing rationality, justifying sharpened immigration policies, and homogenizing refugees. However, the different historical paths of the two countries' immigration policies and the specific political situation had implications for the PMs' discourse. The Swedish PM could feasibly scapegoat the Sweden Democrats and the political right in opposition, whereas the Finnish PM, with the populist radical right as a government partner, engaged more heavily in distinctions between “real, needing” and “false, undeserving” refugees. We argue for the longitudinal approach in the analysis of political discourse, as such an approach allows to identify the changes and continuities in the discourse, as well as to grasp the dialogical interplay between the discourse and its context.
Clinical utility of intraprocedural three‐dimensional integrated image guided transcatheter aortic valve implantation using novel automated computed tomography software: A single‐center preliminary experience
Authors: Butter Christian , Kaneko Hidehiro , Tambor Grit , Hara Masahiko , Neuss Michael , Hoelschermann Frank 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesNovel automated computed tomography (CT) software (Valve ASSIST 2) has been developed for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), which not only provides three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of multidetector (MD) CT images, but also enables intraprocedural real‐time fusion of fluoroscopic and MDCT images. We aimed to clarify the reproducibility and accuracy of this software in the aortic annulus assessment and verify the potential of intraprocedural integrated MDCT imaging for TAVI.Methods and resultsWe examined 50 patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral TAVI. Aortic annulus measurements were performed using 3mensio and the novel planning software. For intraprocedural imaging, preoperative CT dataset was overlaid onto fluoroscopy with the fusion software. The two images were aligned using the aortic root anatomy visible on both modalities. Novel planning software provided excellent reproducibility for the measurement of aortic annulus area (intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] 0.959, interobserver ICC 0.941), and perimeter (intraobserver ICC 0.915, interobserver ICC 0.912). Excellent correlation was found between novel planning software and 3mensio (ICC 0.952 for aortic annulus area, and 0.923 for perimeter). Intraprocedural fusion image of CT aortography and fluoroscopic aortic root aortography generated by this novel software identified coronary orifices and the distribution of aortic valve calcification during the device positioning. Fusion image displayed coronary orifices after device implantation.ConclusionsNovel planning software showed excellent reproducibility and accuracy in the assessment of aortic root anatomy. Furthermore, the integrated 3D fusion image might have a potential as an intraprocedural imaging modality to contribute to the development of a safer TAVI procedure.
Safety of catheter‐based radiofrequency renal denervation on branch renal arteries in a porcine model
Authors: Sakaoka Atsushi , Rousselle Serge D. , Hagiwara Hitomi , Tellez Armando , Hubbard Brad , Sakakura Kenichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the safety of radiofrequency (RF)‐renal denervation (RDN) on branch renal arteries (RAs) in a porcine model.BackgroundThe efficacy of RF‐RDN was enhanced by treatment of the branch RA, in addition to the main RA. However, there are concerns regarding the safety of RF‐RDN on branch RA because of their smaller diameter and proximity to the kidney.MethodsRF was delivered to 24 RA from 12 swine. A total of 8 RA from 4 swine were untreated. Treated RA were examined by angiography and histopathology at 7, 30, and 90 days. Serum creatinine concentration, biophysical parameters during RF delivery, and renal norepinephrine concentration were also assessed.ResultsAngiography revealed minimal late lumen loss and diameter stenosis in the main and branch RA at any time point. There was no change in serum creatinine after RF‐RDN. Histopathologically, no augmentation of medial damage or neointimal formation was found in branch RA compared with main RA. No or minimal damage to surrounding tissues including the kidneys, ureters, lymph nodes, and muscles was observed at any time point in both the main and branch RA. Equivalent electrode temperature in the main and branch RA was achieved by automatic adjustment of output power by the generator. The renal norepinephrine concentration was significantly lower in the treated group compared with the untreated group.ConclusionsRF‐RDN on branch RA was safe in a porcine model, with stenosis‐free healing of treated arteries and negligible kidney damage at 7, 30, and 90 days.
In‐hospital outcomes of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in non‐teaching hospitals
Authors: Ando Tomo , Adegbala Oluwole , Villablanca Pedro A. , Briasoulis Alexandros , Takagi Hisato , Grines Cindy L. , Schreiber Theodore , Nazif Tamim , Kodali Susheel , Afonso Luis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the in‐hospital outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) vs. surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in non‐teaching hospitals.BackgroundTAVR has become widely available in the United States. However, the comparative outcomes of TAVR vs. SAVR in non‐teaching hospitals are largely under explored.MethodsWe queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2011 to September 2015 to identify those who were 50 years or above and underwent either trans‐arterial TAVR or SAVR at non‐teaching hospital. In‐hospital clinical outcomes were compared with odds ratio (OR) in propensity‐matched cohorts.ResultsWe identified un‐weighted 957 and 7,465 SAVR admissions. In propensity‐matched model, 596 admissions in each arm were included for final analysis. In‐patient mortality (3.9 vs. 2.5%, OR 1.54, P = 0.34), acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (2.2 vs. 2.7%, OR 0.80, P = 0.57), stroke (2.0 vs. 3.2%, OR 0.61, P = 0.20), and pacemaker placement (8.9 vs. 6.4%, OR 1.47, P = 0.09) was similar between TAVR and SAVR. Sub‐group analysis showed that female and those with prior coronary artery bypass surgery had higher risk of in‐patient morality in TAVR admission. Cost was higher (59,103 vs. 53,411 dollars, P = 0.006) but length of stay was shorter in TAVR (6.9 vs. 10.2 days, P < 0.001).ConclusionsTAVR conferred similar in‐hospital mortality and major peri‐procedural complications compared with SAVR in non‐teaching hospitals. For those with limited access to teaching hospitals, non‐teaching hospitals appear to be a reasonable option for candidates of aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis.
Transition Metal‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Active Site for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Beyond the Fascinations of TM‐N4
Authors: Zhang Cai , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLow cost transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (TM‐N‐C) catalysts hold excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and have been considered as the most promising alternative to commercial Pt/C. TM‐N4, once identified as one potential active site for ORR, are brought to the spotlight by several single atom TM‐N‐C catalysts recently. However, it remains ambiguous whether this active site exists and is active for ORR because of the controversial analysis about similar TM‐N‐C catalysts by different groups. Herein, we elucidated the origin, architecture, characterization methods and possible catalytic mechanism of TM‐N4 active site. Some recent cases about single atom TM‐N‐C catalysts with TM‐N4 active site were comprehensively reviewed. Thus, some derived perspectives were presented. Undoubtedly, TM‐N4 enables being qualified as one possible type of active site for ORR. However, a general acceptance may mislead for clarifying, as confirmation of the metal‐centered coordination environment requires for more advanced technologies and strategies.
Discovery of Vilaprisan (BAY 1002670): A Highly Potent and Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Optimized for Gynecologic Therapies
Authors: Möller Carsten , Bone Wilhelm , Cleve Arwed , Klar Ulrich , Rotgeri Andrea , Rottmann Antje , Schultze‐Mosgau Marcus‐Hillert , Wagenfeld Andrea , Schwede Wolfgang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProgesterone plays an important role in the female reproductive system. However, there is also evidence that gynecologic disorders/diseases such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis are progesterone‐dependent. Steroidal and non‐steroidal selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) have shown potential for the treatment of such diseases. Steroidal SPRMs, including mifepristone and ulipristal acetate, have proven effective in clinical trials. However, several steroidal SPRMs containing a dimethylamino substituent have been associated with elevated liver enzymes in patients. An earlier drug discovery program identified lonaprisan as a highly selective SPRM that did not show drug‐related change in liver enzyme activity. Building on data obtained from that work, here we describe the research program that culminated in the discovery of a novel steroidal SPRM, vilaprisan, which combines an extremely high potency with very favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties. Vilaprisan has entered clinical development and is currently undergoing phase 3 clinical trials.
Postnatal developmental trajectory of dopamine receptor 1 and 2 expression in cortical and striatal brain regions
Authors: Cullity Ellen R. , Madsen Heather B. , Perry Christina J. , Kim Jee Hyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHealthy brain function requires a balance between the activity of dopamine receptor 1 (D1) and dopamine receptor 2 (D2). Alterations in this balance increase the risk for numerous developmental brain disorders. Indeed, D1 and D2 expression fluctuates throughout maturation, although there is conflicting evidence regarding the precise changes that occur. Here, we used stereology to investigate the developmental changes in the number of D1‐ or D2‐expressing neurons in the prelimbic cortex, infralimbic cortex (IL), insula cortex, dorsal striatum, and ventral striatum of female and male mice with green fluorescent protein‐tagged D1 or D2. Postnatal day 17, 25, 35, 49, and 70 were examined to cover juvenility to adulthood. In all regions, analysis of D1 density compared to D2 density within each sex seldom detected effects or interactions involving age. However, D1:D2 density ratio changed across age depending on sex. In the IL, D1:D2 density ratio increased in females from adolescence, whereas it was stable in males. In the insula cortex, D1:D2 ratio initially increased in males but decreased in females from juvenility to preadolescence. The ratio then increased in males and females from adolescence to adulthood, with males showing a more dramatic increase. In both the dorsal and ventral striatum, the ratio increased from adolescence. In all regions, females had a higher ratio compared to males throughout maturation except in the insula cortex at P25. These comprehensive observations are novel, and highlight how the maturational changes in the expression of these receptors may contribute to developmental disorders.
Distribution and density of mixed‐input ON bipolar cells of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) during growth
Authors: Corredor Vitor H. , da Silva Flávio T. , Baran Luiz C. P. , Ventura Dora F. , Joselevitch Christina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNeurons are continuously produced at different rates and locations in the teleost retina. Goldfish rods are homogeneously distributed and maintain a stable density throughout growth, whereas little is known about their postsynaptic partners. We examined the distribution and density of mixed‐input ON bipolar cells (ON mBCs) in 57 goldfish of various sizes by immunolabeling their retinas with an antibody against PKCα and counting PKCα‐positive neurons in wholemounts. Cell densities were correlated with morphometric data for the same animals, and the spatial resolution of the ON mBC mosaic was calculated in each case. The distribution of ON mBCs is homogeneous throughout growth. For a 10‐fold change in body size (i.e., from 20 to 200 mm), the total number of ON mBCs increases 2.8 times, while retinal area expands around 10 times. As a consequence, the density of ON mBCs in large fish falls to ∼1/3 of that of small animals, and intercellular spacing doubles. The eye and the lens become around three times larger from small to large fish. This causes the retinal magnification factor (and thereby the image projected onto retina) to augment by the same amount. Because the retinal magnification factor rises more than the intercellular spacing in the same animals, the spatial resolution of the ON mBC mosaic improves from 0.8 to 1.4 cycles/degree as the body size increases from 20 to 200 mm. As ON mBCs are mostly rod‐driven, our results suggest that the scotopic acuity of the goldfish may improve as the animal grows.
Review and evaluation of color spaces for image/video compression
Authors: Kahu Samruddhi Y. , Raut Rajesh B. , Bhurchandi Kishor M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA color space plays an important role in color image processing and color vision applications. While compressing images/videos, properties of the human visual system are used to remove image details unperceivable by the human eye, appropriately called psychovisual redundancies. This is where the effect of the color spaces' properties on compression efficiency is introduced. In this work, we study the suitability of various color spaces for compression of images and videos. This review work is undertaken in two stages. Initially, a comprehensive review of the published color spaces is done. These color spaces are classified and their advantages, limitations, and applications are also highlighted. Next, the color spaces are quantitatively analyzed and benchmarked in the perspective of image and video compression algorithms, to identify and evaluate crucial color space parameters for image and video compression algorithms.
Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived Sugars with Acidic Nanoporous Materials: Structural Role in Carbon‐Chain Length Variation
Authors: He Jian , Li Hu , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Yang Song 
Published: November 2018

AbstractShifting from petroleum‐based resources to inedible biomass for the production of valuable chemicals and fuels is one of the significant aspects in sustainable chemistry for realizing the sustainable development of our society. Various renowned biobased platform molecules, such as 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, and lactic acid, are successfully accessible from the transformation of biobased sugars. To achieve the specific reaction routes, heterogeneous nanoporous acidic materials have served as promising catalysts for the conversion of bio‐sugars in the past decade. This Review summarizes advances in various nanoporous acidic materials for bio‐sugar conversion, in which the number of carbon atoms is variable and controllable with the assistance of the switchable structure of nanoporous materials. The major focus of this Review is on possible reaction pathways/mechanisms and the relationships between catalyst structure and catalytic performance. Moreover, representative examples of catalytic upgrading of biobased platform molecules to biochemicals and fuels through selective C−C cleavage and coupling strategies over nanoporous acidic materials are also discussed.