bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Cathode Constructed through Confined‐Growth of FeP Nanocrystals in Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Film Coated on Carbon Cloth for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Gao Zhichao , Luo Feng , Yuan Shisheng , Wang Kaiwen , Li Nan , Li Xiaotian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEfficient, stable, and affordable electrocatalysts are essential for large‐scale hydrogen generation through water electrolysis. Nanosized catalyst particles integrated with a conductive current collector are highly desirable candidates yet quite challenging to synthesize. In this study, we prepared a self‐supported electrode constructed with FeP nanocrystals confined in the pores of ordered mesoporous carbon‐coated carbon cloth (FeP@OMC/CC) for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The synergistic effect of ultrafine FeP nanocrystals, ordered mesoporous configuration and highly conductive carbon fiber framework endowed the self‐supported electrode with enriched active sites, accelerated charge and mass transport and strong mechanical stability. Consequently, the as‐synthesized FeP@OMC/CC electrode exhibited remarkable HER performance with a low overpotential (10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 51 mV), small Tafel slope (39 mV dec−1), and superior structural and electrochemical stability (over 20 h under an overpotential of 70 mV), which is one of the highest electrocatalytic performance observed among all nonprecious materials.
Balancing Activity and Stability in a Ternary Au‐Pd/Fe Electrocatalyst for ORR with High Surface Coverages of Au
Authors: Yang Xiaofang , Hu Jun , Wu Ruqian , Koel Bruce E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and low durability of ORR catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM‐FCs) requires a continued search for advanced catalysts. Bimetallic catalysts demonstrate enhanced kinetics due to the optimized electronic properties from alloying but can suffer from poor stability of the active metals. Herein we report our findings that while bulk gold is catalytically inactive, high coverages (> 0.6 monolayer) of Au deposited on a Pd3Fe(111) surface were highly active and stable. These properties of Au‐modified Pd3Fe(111) surfaces are associated with initial formation of 2D nanostructures at step edges and the transition of 2D to 3D nanostructures under reaction conditions. The balancing of activity and stability in this ternary Au‐Pd/Fe electrocatalyst provides a potential candidate for non‐Pt, highly stable ORR catalysts. Similar nanostructures and conditions may be able to activate gold for use in other electrocatalytic reactions.
Iron‐Cobalt Bi‐Metallic Sulfide Nanowires on Ni Foam for Applications in High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Xu Guanghua , Li Jun , Wang Bo , Huang Zongyu , Chen Qiong , Qi Xiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSupercapacitors do not only exhibit the traditional high power density of capacitors, but also show the high energy density characteristic for batteries. In addition, fast charging, outstanding rate of magnification, and safety as well as pollutant‐free characteristics make supercapacitors unprecedented for applications and development prospects in the field of energy storage. In this study, a facile two‐step hydrothermal method was presented for the synthesis of FeCo2S4 nanowire structures directly formed on nickel (Ni) foam. The as‐prepared FeCo2S4 samples were characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared FeCo2S4 electrodes is studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge measurements (CD), and cycle stability tests. The as‐prepared FeCo2S4 nanowires exhibit a high specific capacitance of about 337 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 in 3 M KOH solution. After 2000 cycles at 6 A g−1, 90 % of the initial capacity is retained, showing the excellent stability of the prepared material. At a high current density of 12 A g−1, the capacity can reach 273 mAh g−1 with 81 % remaining, exhibiting outstanding rate characteristics. The superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to the high specific surface area, ion/electron transportability, and the excellent electrical conductivity of the active material itself. Therefore, as the most advanced energy storage material, FeCo2S4 will have great development prospects in terms of energy conversion, storage, and electrocatalysis.
Selective removal of copper and nickel ions from synthetic process water using predispersed solvent extraction
Authors: Molaei Aysan , Kökkılıç Ozan , Waters Kristian E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelective predispersed solvent extraction and the stripping of copper and nickel ions from synthetic process water containing calcium ions was investigated, and the effect of four experimental parameters on extraction efficiency was studied. The extraction process was performed in two stages. In the first stage, maximum copper extraction was targeted with nickel extraction minimized. During the second stage, nickel was extracted from the remaining copper‐free aqueous solution and optimum experimental conditions for maximum nickel recovery were determined. In order to investigate the effect of experimental parameters (extractant concentration, phase volume ratio (PVR), equilibrium pH, and calcium concentration) on the nickel extraction, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. It was found that equilibrium pH, extractant concentration, and calcium concentration were the most significant factors on nickel extraction. While the first two factors had a positive effect, the latter one negatively affected the response. In order to selectively extract copper, the optimum range for the maximum extraction of copper with minimum nickel extraction was determined, which for any level of calcium concentration is an extractant concentration of 0.2–0.3 % (w/v), phase volume ratio of 2, and equilibrium pH of 2.5. Once copper ions were selectively removed from the process water, the optimum conditions for maximum nickel concentration were determined at three levels of calcium concentrations. Stripping experiments were also carried out, and the optimum acid concentrations of 10 and 5 g/L were determined for the stripping of copper and nickel, respectively.
Effects of rearing conditions on natal dispersal processes in a long‐lived predator bird
Authors: Azpillaga Maialen , Real Joan , Hernández‐Matías Antonio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNatal or prebreeding dispersal is a key driver of the functioning, dynamics, and evolution of populations. Conditions experienced by individuals during development, that is, rearing conditions, may have serious consequences for the multiple components that shape natal dispersal processes. Rearing conditions vary as a result of differences in parental and environmental quality, and it has been shown that favorable rearing conditions are beneficial for individuals throughout their lives. However, the long‐term consequences of rearing conditions on natal dispersal are still not fully understood in long‐lived birds. In this study, we aim to test the following hypotheses to address the relationship between rearing conditions and certain components of the natal dispersal process in Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata): (1) The body condition of nestlings depends on the quality of the territory and/or breeders; and (2) the survival until recruitment, (3) the age of recruitment, and (4) the natal dispersal distance (NDD) all depend on rearing conditions. As expected, nestlings reared in territories with high past productivity of chicks had better body condition, which indicates that both body condition and past productivity reflect the rearing conditions under which chicks are raised. In addition, chicks raised in territories with high past productivity and with good body condition had greater chances of surviving until recruitment. Furthermore, birds that have better condition recruit earlier, and males recruit at a younger age than females. At last, although females in good body condition exhibited higher NDD when they recruited at younger ages, this pattern was not observed in either older females or males. Overall, this study provides evidence that rearing conditions have important long‐term consequences in long‐lived birds. On the basis of our results, we advocate that conservation managers work actively in the promotion of actions aimed at improving the rearing conditions under which individuals develop in threatened populations.
Gas‐water energy conversion efficiency in two‐phase vertical downflow
Authors: Sun Yang , Yao Yuting , Fan Yawen , Su Junwei , Luo Zhaoyang , Lan Peng , Bao Yan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn automatic pump is developed using low water‐head hydropower. The energy conversion efficiency η of the gas‐water energy conversion equipment is the focus. In this equipment, low‐head water normally drains to the vertical downcomer. When water particles separate via gravity, a vacuum is generated, and air is mixed into the water spontaneously. High‐pressure gas is ultimately produced at the end of the pipe. To discuss the effects of the air intake pipe diameter, river drop and water flow rate on η, a full‐scale experiment is conducted, and an analytical solution based on the separation of water particles is derived. The air intake pipe diameter has almost no effect on η, but η changes dramatically as the water flow rate varies. Meanwhile, η initially increases and then decreases as the river drop increases. These findings enable the development of a method for low water‐head hydropower utilization.
The effect of pre‐process and transport strategies on survival, microbiologic, and physiologic of Patinopecten yessoensis
Authors: Pan Lanlan , Lin Chengxin , Zhang GuoChen , Mu Gang , Yang XiaoTong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe supply chain of shellfish is complex, with animals being subjected to several stressors during the depuration, temporary keeping, and waterless‐low‐temp transportation processing. In this paper, the recycled water system for depuration and temporary keeping was used to realize both depuration and temporary keeping of Patinopecten yessoensis. The samples were divided into three groups based on three different pre‐process involved: samples in group 1 were depurated for 48 hr straight, whereas those in group 2 were first depured for 24 hr and then cooled for 24 hr; samples in group 3 was directly kept in a polyethylene insulation box. Then group 1 and group 2 were transported in a 3L polyethylene insulation box with ice packs (250 ml) to study the quality of transport based on the different pre‐process. As a result, in group 1 (depuration for 48 hr), the first death occurred after 56 hr, and all shellfishes died after 102 hr with total bacterial density of 2,630 CFU/ml. In group 2 (depuration for 24 hr and temporary keeping for 24 hr), the first death occurred after 104 hr and the total number of bacteria was increasing steadily within 0–104 hr. After 120 hr, all shellfishes died with total bacterial density of 1,090 CFU/ml. In group 3 (directly transport), all shellfishes died in 64 hr. The total number of bacteria in groups 1 and 2 declined significantly in the depuration process. The bacteria number (p < 0.05) in group 3 was significantly different from that in groups 1 and 2. The crude protein, crude fat, and glycogen of all groups declined. However, compared to groups 1 and 3, the consumption of glycogen in group 2 (p < 0.05) was delayed by the gradual cooling procedure. Those results prove that the depuration and temporary keeping procedures can improve the sterilization of the bacteria. The survival rate is less sensitive to the temperature change. The results provide satisfactory references for the P. yessoensis’ quality studies with depuration, temporary keeping, and waterless‐low‐temp transportation technologies.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Gannan navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) peel essential oils
Authors: Guo Qingyun , Liu Ke , Deng Weihui , Zhong Balian , Yang Wenxia , Chun Jiong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present investigation reported the chemical composition of cold pressed Gannan navel orange peel essential oil (EO) and its molecular distillation fraction (light phase EO), and examined their antimicrobial activity against spoiling and pathogenic microorganisms. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis identified 27 and 20 different chemical constituents in cold pressed EO and light phase EO, respectively. Limonene was the major constituent, accounting for 85.32% of cold pressed EO and 60.44% of light phase EO. Both EOs and some of their constituents showed good antimicrobial activity. Compared to cold pressed EO, light phase EO exhibited the better antimicrobial activity under weak acidic and neutral conditions. The light phase EO presented a higher antimicrobial activity after thermo‐treatment at 60–100°C for 20 min than cold pressed EO. These results demonstrated that light phase EO had a potential to be used as a novel antimicrobial agent for food preservation and food processing.
Incident command structure using a daily management system and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Patient Notification Toolkit drives effective response to an infection control breach
Authors: Schoonover Heather , Haydon Kristin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhen breaches in infection control occur, it is imperative that organizations respond in a manner that is effective, efficient, and rebuilds trust with patients. Readers will learn how the incident command structure, daily management system, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Patient Notification Toolkit were used to drive an effective response to an infection control breach—resulting in 92% of affected patients completing the recommended testing for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus.
A comparison of 8‐mm and open‐irrigated gold‐tip catheters for typical atrial flutter ablation: Data from a prospective multicenter registry
Authors: De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Sagone Antonio , Rovaris Giovanni , Marchese Procolo , Santamaria Matteo , Solimene Francesco , Rauhe Werner , Piazzi Elena , Moretti Luciano , Parisi Quintino , Schillaci Vincenzo , Pelissero Elisa , Manfrin Massimiliano , Giacopelli Daniele , Gargaro Alessio , Calò Leonardo , Senatore Gaetano 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundCavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is the standard treatment for patients suffering from CTI‐dependent atrial flutter (AFL). The aim of this study was to compare the use in clinical practice of 8‐mm gold‐tip catheter (8mmRFC) and open‐irrigated gold‐tip catheter (irrRFC) for RF typical AFL ablation.MethodsPatients with typical AFL were treated with 8mmRFC or irrRFC catheters according to investigator preferences. The primary endpoint was the cumulative radiofrequency time (CRFT). Fluoroscopy time, acute and 6‐month success rates were secondary endpoints.ResultsAfter excluding 3 patients with left AFL, 157 of the enrolled patients (median age 71.8 [interquartile range, 64.1‐76.2], 76% men, 91% in NYHA class ≤II, 65% with no structural heart disease) were analyzed: 74 (47%) subjects were treated with the 8mmRFC and 83 (53%) with the irrRFC. The median CRFT was 3 [2‐6] minutes in the 8mmRFC group and 5 [3‐7] minutes in the irrRFC group (P = .183). There were no significant differences in ablation success rates, intraprocedural CTI reconnections, audible steam pops, and procedural times. In the 8mmRFC group, a significantly lower fluoroscopy time was observed as compared to the irrRFC group (8 [5‐12] vs 15 [10‐20] minutes, P < .001). During the follow‐up period, AFL recurrences were documented in 3 patients in the 8mmRFC group and 2 in the irrRFC group (P = .655).ConclusionsThe 8mmRFC and the irrRFC performed similarly in routine practice for CTI ablation in terms of cumulative RF time, acute and 6‐month success rates. Fluoroscopy time was significantly lower in the 8mmRFC group.
Structural Effects of Nonionic Surfactants on Their Ability to Reduce the Dissolution Pressures of Heavy Hydrocarbons in Supercritical CO2
Authors: Shi Qingzhao , Cheng Jiecheng , Liu Yong , Qiao Weihong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effects of selected nonionic surfactants on dissolution pressures of the octacosane and hydrocarbon mixtures in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) were investigated at 318–343 K to study relationships between the structures of the surfactants and their ability to improve solubility. Dissolution pressures of the solutes were experimentally observed to be decreased by at most 11.10% and at least 0.44% in the presence of the surfactants. However, this solubility‐improving performance was diminished with an increase in the molecular chain length of the surfactant. Linear surfactants gave better solubility‐improving performances in the octacosane/scCO2 systems, while branched compounds were better in the hydrocarbon mixture/scCO2 systems, which are attributed to the similarity of the chain length between the surfactant and the solute. X‐ray computed tomography tests provided evidence for direct material exchange between the hydrocarbon mixture and scCO2.
Indirect Electrochemical Detection of NADH Through an Active Stainless Steel Fiber Felt (SSFF) Electrode Decorated With the Amino‐Graphene/Nafion Nano Composite Films
Authors: Su Wenqiong , Li Zonglin , Liu Shuopeng , Ding Xianting 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs the energy transfer mediator in the metabolism of human beings, dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is considered as an important biomarker, the concentration of which is correlated to several lethal diseases, such as breast cancer and Parkinson's disease. Due to the high oxidation potential encountered for NADH direct oxidation, herein, we report an active electrode for indirect electrochemical detection of NADH at low potential with the inexpensive stainless steel fiber felt (SSFF). The SSFF electrodes were modified through the layer‐by‐layer assembling of amino‐graphene (AG) fragments and Nafion, and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Taking the peak current at the apparent oxidation potential (‐0.2 V) as the sensing signal, the proposed SSFF active electrode presented a stable logarithmic detection range from 100 nM to 300 μM with R2=0.996. The regeneration process was also explored and proved to be robust. Finally, the SSFF active electrode was applied to sense NADH in a bio‐mixture solution prepared from tumor cell lysate. The experimental results demonstrated that, with a facile processing, the corrosion resistant and low cost SSFF electrodes could serve as a reliable and practical probe for NADH detection, which would further benefit the clinical diagnostics of NADH‐related diseases.
Environmental quality in India: Application of environmental Kuznets curve and Sustainable Human Development Index
Authors: Rudra Ayan , Chattopadhyay Aparajita 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study explores the trend of selected air pollutants, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter 10 microns in diameter (PM10) in India. Environmental Kuznets curves (EKC), which show the association of the economy and pollution, are fitted for selected Indian states to understand whether EKC in India fits well with the inverted “U” shape. We observed that CO2 and PM10 are steadily increasing in India. The states of Kerala and Punjab follow the inverted “U” shape of EKC, while Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Maharashtra may take decades to reduce pollutants. A new Sustainable Human Development Index calculated in this paper indicates a diverse picture of Indian states, especially in regard to environmental parameters. The government needs to implement stringent, state‐specific laws and regulations to assist in curbing air pollutants. The time has also come to represent the rankings of states in terms of an environmentally inclusive development index.
Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for adolescent alcohol use in Canadian pediatric emergency departments: a national survey of pediatric emergency physicians
Authors: Jun Shelly , Plint Amy C , Curtis Sarah , Newton Amanda S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundProblematic alcohol use is associated with detrimental cognitive, physiological and social consequences. In the emergency department (ED), Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is the recommended approach to identify and treat adolescent alcohol-related concerns, but is underused by physicians.ObjectiveThis study examined pediatric emergency physicians’ perceptions of adolescent drinking and treatment, and their current self-reported SBIRT practices.MethodPhysicians in the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada database (n=245) received a 35-item questionnaire that was administered through a web-based platform and paper-based mail-outs. Recruitment followed a modified Dillman four-contact approach.ResultsFrom October 2016 to January 2017, 166 pediatric emergency physicians (46.4% males; mean age=43.6 years) completed the questionnaire. The response rate was 67.8%. Physicians recognized the need (65%) and responsibility (86%) to address adolescent alcohol problems. However, confidence in knowledge and abilities for SBIRT execution was low. Twenty-five percent of physicians reported never having practiced all, or part of, SBIRT while 1.3% reported consistent SBIRT delivery for adolescents with alcohol-related visits. More alcohol education and counselling experience was associated with higher SBIRT use; however, physicians generally reported to have received minimal alcohol training. SBIRT practices were also associated with physician perceptions of problematic alcohol use and its treatability.ConclusionsPediatric emergency physicians acknowledge the need to address problematic adolescent alcohol use, but routine SBIRT use is lacking. Strategies to educate physicians about SBIRT and enhance perceived self-competency may improve SBIRT use. Effectiveness trials to establish SBIRT impact on patient outcomes are also needed.
Megalakes in the Sahara? A Review
Authors: Quade J. , Dente E. , Armon M. , Ben Dor Y. , Morin E. , Adam O. , Enzel Y. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Sahara was wetter and greener during multiple interglacial periods of the Quaternary, when some have suggested it featured very large (mega) lakes, ranging in surface area from 30,000 to 350,000 km2. In this paper, we review the physical and biological evidence for these large lakes, especially during the African Humid Period (AHP) 11–5 ka. Megalake systems from around the world provide a checklist of diagnostic features, such as multiple well-defined shoreline benches, wave-rounded beach gravels where coarse material is present, landscape smoothing by lacustrine sediment, large-scale deltaic deposits, and in places, tufas encrusting shorelines. Our survey reveals no clear evidence of these features in the Sahara, except in the Chad basin. Hydrologic modeling of the proposed megalakes requires mean annual rainfall ≥1.2 m/yr and a northward displacement of tropical rainfall belts by ≥1000 km. Such a profound displacement is not supported by other paleo-climate proxies and comprehensive climate models, challenging the existence of megalakes in the Sahara. Rather than megalakes, isolated wetlands and small lakes are more consistent with the Sahelo-Sudanian paleoenvironment that prevailed in the Sahara during the AHP. A pale-green and discontinuously wet Sahara is the likelier context for human migrations out of Africa during the late Quaternary.