bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive investigations for metastable‐bound and resonance 3Fe states of He atom
Authors: Dutta Sayantan , Sil Amar N. , Saha Jayanta K. , Mukherjee Tapan K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEvaluation of energy eigenvalues of first 19 metastable bound doubly excited states (DESs) arising from even parity F states of He atom are done within the framework of the Ritz variational principle. The wavefunction of the given state is constructed from different combinations of pf and dd configurations. The radial parts of the wavefunctions for both the configurations are expanded in Hylleraas type basis set. The nonlinear parameters of the Slater‐type orbitals representing both the electrons are taken in geometrical sequence that span the radial space properly. The present calculated energies for the metastable bound states are lowest yet obtained. The resonance parameters that is, energy position and width of a large number of resonance states lying above He+(2p) threshold are evaluated by using stabilization method. The resonance parameters calculated in this work are in good agreement with the available theoretical results for the resonance states lying below He+(3p) threshold. The parameters for a large number of resonance states lying between He+(3p) and He+(7p) thresholds are being reported for the first time. The effective quantum numbers of all the states considered in the present work are estimated by using quantum defect theory. Different structural properties for example, the one‐ and two‐particle moments, virial factors, expectation values of interelectronic angles, two‐particle radial probability densities, and so forth are estimated for both metastable‐bound as well as resonance states. The present results can be used as a benchmark for future references.PACS
31.15.ac, 31.15.V‐, 31.15.xt, 32.80.Zb, 32.80.Ee
Placing their bets: The influence of strategic investment on CEO pay‐for‐performance
Authors: Shi Wei , Connelly Brian L. , Mackey Jeremy D. , Gupta Abhinav 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Research SummaryA number of studies examine the extent to which boards compensate CEOs for their firm's performance (i.e., pay‐for‐performance), but these studies typically do not incorporate what CEOs actually do to bring about those performance outcomes. We suggest that directors will make stronger internal attributions about firm performance when the CEO engages in high levels of corporate strategic investment. CEOs that invest in firm growth essentially “place their bets,” so the pay‐for‐performance relationship is stronger for them than it is for CEOs who do not invest as much in firm growth. We also theorize and find that directors make internal attributions about firm performance more for prestigious, but not less prestigious, CEOs and more when the directors collectively exhibit conservative, but not liberal, political ideologies.
Managerial SummaryShareholders and other stakeholders often demand that CEOs should be paid for performance. In other words, CEOs should be paid well when the company is performing well and paid less when the company is not performing well. We add an additional dimension: boards might also consider what CEOs actually do to bring about performance outcomes. Our findings suggest that when CEOs make heavy corporate investments, they essentially “place their bets.” In this scenario, boards attribute performance to the CEO so that CEO compensation rises and falls with company performance. When CEOs make fewer corporate investments, their compensation is not as strongly associated with company performance. This primary relationship is particularly true when CEOs have high social recognition or when the directors are collectively conservative.
A Critical Review on Enhancement of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Molybdenum Disulfide: From Growth to Interfacial Activities
Authors: Wu Cuo , Zhang Jing , Tong Xin , Yu Peng , Xu Jing‐Yin , Wu Jiang , Wang Zhiming M. , Lou Jun , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUltrathin 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), which is the flagship of 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials, has drawn much attention in the last few years. 2D MoS2 has been banked as an alternative to platinum for highly active hydrogen evolution reaction because of its low cost, high surface‐to‐volume ratio, and abundant active sites. However, when MoS2 is used directly as a photocatalyst, contrary to public expectation, it still performs poorly due to lateral size, high recombination ratio of excitons, and low optical cross section. Besides, simply compositing MoS2 as a cocatalyst with other semiconductors cannot satisfy the practical application, which stimulates the pursual of a comprehensive insight into recent advances in synthesis, properties, and enhanced hydrogen production of MoS2. Therefore, in this Review, emphasis is given to synthetic methods, phase transitions, tunable optical properties, and interfacial engineering of 2D MoS2. Abundant ways of band edge tuning, structural modification, and phase transition are addressed, which can generate the neoteric photocatalytic systems. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities with respect to MoS2 being a cocatalyst and coherent light–matter interaction of MoS2 in photocatalytic systems are proposed.
Screening for trisomies by cfDNA testing of maternal blood in twin pregnancy: update of The Fetal Medicine Foundation results and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gil M. M. , Galeva S. , Jani J. , Konstantinidou L. , Akolekar R. , Plana M. N. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo report on the routine clinical implementation of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis of maternal blood for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 in twin pregnancy and to define the performance of the test by combining our results with those identified in a systematic review of the literature.MethodsThe data for the prospective study were derived from screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 in twin pregnancies at 10 + 0 to 14 + 1 weeks' gestation. Two populations were included; first, self‐referred women to the Fetal Medicine Centre in London or Brugmann University Hospital in Brussels and, second, women selected for the cfDNA test after routine first‐trimester combined testing at one of two National Health Service hospitals in England. This dataset was used to determine the performance of screening for the three trisomies. Search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library),
ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) was carried out to identify all peer‐reviewed publications on clinical validation or implementation of maternal cfDNA testing for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 in twin pregnancy. A meta‐analysis was then performed using our data and those in the studies identified by the literature search.ResultsIn our dataset of 997 twin pregnancies with a cfDNA result and known outcome, the test classified correctly 16 (94.1%) of the 17 cases of trisomy 21, nine (90.0%) of the 10 cases of trisomy 18, one (50.0%) of the two cases of trisomy 13 and 962 (99.4%) of the 968 cases without any of the three trisomies. The literature search identified seven relevant studies, excluding our previous papers because their data are included in the current study. In the combined populations of our study and the seven studies identified by the literature search, there were 56 trisomy‐21 and 3718 non‐trisomy‐21 twin pregnancies; the pooled weighted detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) were 98.2% (95% CI, 83.2–99.8%) and 0.05% (95% CI, 0.01–0.26%), respectively. In the combined total of 18 cases of trisomy 18 and 3143 non‐trisomy‐18 pregnancies, the pooled weighted DR and FPR were 88.9% (95% CI, 64.8–97.2%) and 0.03% (95% CI, 0.00–0.33%), respectively. For trisomy 13, there were only three affected cases and two (66.7%) of these were detected by the cfDNA test at a FPR of 0.19% (5/2569).ConclusionsThe performance of cfDNA testing for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancy is similar to that reported in singleton pregnancy and is superior to that of the first‐trimester combined test or second‐trimester biochemical testing. The number of cases of trisomies 18 and 13 is too small for accurate assessment of the predictive performance of the cfDNA test. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effect on sludge disintegration by EDTA‐enhanced thermal‐alkaline treatment
Authors: Liu Bowen , Jin Ruofei , Liu Guangfei , Gu Chen , Dong Bin , Zhou Jiti , Xing Defeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSludge disintegration is an effective pretreatment to enhance the biodegradability of sludge. At present, the thermal‐alkaline is one of the most commonly used methods, but it has a massive consumption of energy and chemical reagents. EDTA‐enhanced thermal‐alkaline treatment was used to strengthen the dewatered sludge disintegration at mid‐low temperature in this study. Results showed that the dissolving‐out quantity of soluble chemical oxygen demand and the volatile solid (VS) in residual sludge in the EDTA‐added group were 14.7% higher and 7% lower than those in control system without EDTA, respectively, indicating that EDTA addition improved the performance of sludge disintegration. The addition of EDTA loosened the floc structure and enhanced the hydrolyzability of dissolved organic matters (DOM) with a narrower distribution of the relative molecular weight. The membrane damage of microbial cells in EDTA‐added group reached 73.3% after 120 min, which was much higher than that in the control group (31.9%). EDTA contains a large number of hydrogen bond acceptors and could form hydrogen bonds with alcohols and phenols in solubilization products and DOM. It was speculated that the mechanism of EDTA‐enhanced sludge disintegration was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between EDTA and organic matter inside and outside the cell.Practitioner points

The addition of EDTA facilitated the thermal‐alkali cracking of dewatered sludge.

EDTA increased the particle size of sludge and enhanced the hydrolysis of DOM.

The strengthening effect mainly occurred at the beginning of TB‐EPS dissolving slowly.

Hydrogen bond played important roles in the enhanced disintegration of sludge by EDTA.
Barriers to genome editing with CRISPR in bacteria
Authors: Vento Justin M , Crook Nathan , Beisel Chase L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Genome editing is essential for probing genotype–phenotype relationships and for enhancing chemical production and phenotypic robustness in industrial bacteria. Currently, the most popular tools for genome editing couple recombineering with DNA cleavage by the CRISPR nuclease Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes. Although successful in some model strains, CRISPR-based genome editing has been slow to extend to the multitude of industrially relevant bacteria. In this review, we analyze existing barriers to implementing CRISPR-based editing across diverse bacterial species. We first compare the efficacy of current CRISPR-based editing strategies. Next, we discuss alternatives when the S. pyogenes Cas9 does not yield colonies. Finally, we describe different ways bacteria can evade editing and how elucidating these failure modes can improve CRISPR-based genome editing across strains. Together, this review highlights existing obstacles to CRISPR-based editing in bacteria and offers guidelines to help achieve and enhance editing in a wider range of bacterial species, including non-model strains.
Production of semi-biosynthetic nepetalactone in yeast
Authors: Billingsley John M , Anguiano Jose L , Tang Yi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Microbial-based production of natural products provides a promising alternative to synthetic production and isolation from the native producer. The recently discovered NEPS1 cyclase/oxidase completes the biosynthetic pathway to nepetalactone, a biologically relevant iridoid known as both an insect repellent and cat attractant. In this work, we employ yeast-based whole-cell biocatalysis to produce semi-biosynthetic nepetalactone from a low-cost precursor via a four-step enzymatic process. The dependence of product yield on bioprocess parameters ranging from induction of gene expression to substrate loading was investigated. Subsequent factorial design and response surface methodology optimization approach enabled a 5.8-fold increase in nepetalactone titer to 153 mg/L. Our study provides insights into strategies for operating plasmid-based bioconversion of a fed substrate and sets the stage for scalable, microbial synthesis of nepetalactone.
Skin conductance responses in anticipation of gains and losses
Authors: Ring Patrick , Schmidt Ulrich 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt has been observed that, in a variety of tasks, losses have a larger impact on behavior than do gains of equal size. This phenomenon is referred to as loss aversion. It is thought that the negativity bias in behavior is reflected in and potentially causally related to a negativity bias in emotional arousal. We examine skin conductance responses—a psychophysiological marker for emotional arousal—during the anticipation of gains and losses. In contrast to most previous research, gains and losses were separated from each other and symmetric in magnitude. We found that skin conductance responses during the anticipation phase increased with the magnitude of both gains and losses. Contrary to the predictions of the loss aversion hypothesis, the anticipation of a loss did not elicit stronger reactions than the anticipation of a gain of equal size.
‘Craven subserviency had vanished. Bitter hostility had arrived’: agrarian violence and the Tenant League on the Ulster borderlands, 1849–52
Authors: Luain Kerron Ó 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn the Ulster borderlands, the years 1849 to 1852 represented a crucial period in the development of a correlation between agrarian violence and constitutional political agitation. The emergence of the Tenant League in the region from 1848, along with a parallel clandestine violence from 1849, foreshadowed the better-known Land War of the latter part of the nineteenth century. This article analyses the hitherto unacknowledged interplay between agrarian violence and constitutional politics in south Armagh and surrounding districts. In so doing, it emphasises the years in the immediate wake of the Great Famine as being critical in the long-term development of more politicised forms of collective action. Such methods, in turn, would ultimately be deployed to the detriment of the landed ascendancy in subsequent decades.
Irish republican women in Australia: Kathleen Barry and Linda Kearns's tour in 1924–5
Authors: Hall Dianne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe 1924–5 fundraising tour in Australia by republican activists, Kathleen Barry and Linda Kearns, although successful, has received little attention from historians, more focused on the controversial tour of Fr Michael O'Flanagan and J. J. O'Kelly the previous year. While O'Flanagan and O'Kelly's tour ended with their deportation, Barry and Kearns successfully navigated the different agendas of Irish-Australian political and social groups to organise speaking engagements and raise considerable funds for the Irish Republican Prisoners’ Dependants' Fund. The women were experienced republican activists, however on their Australian tour they placed themselves firmly in traditional female patriotic roles, as nurturers and supporters of men fighting for Irish freedom. This article analyses their strategic use of gendered expectations to allay suspicions about their political agenda to successfully raise money and negotiate with political and ecclesiastical leaders.
Locating women within the Irish Department of External Affairs: a case study of Irish women at the League of Nations and United Nations, 1923–76
Authors: O'Brien Ann Marie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBy using the League of Nations and United Nations as case studies, this article identifies the women working at the diplomatic level in the Irish Department of External Affairs (D.E.A.) in the period 1923–76. Drawing on gender analysis, the article assesses where men and women were positioned in Irish diplomacy and asks if the role of women in the D.E.A. was shaped by a gendered viewpoint. It argues that there were more opportunities for women within the United Nations than the League of Nations and it questions if these increased diplomatic opportunities were reflective of women's changing status within the D.E.A. in the period under investigation. Overall, the article offers a new perspective on the conduct of Irish foreign policy between 1923 and 1976.
Quelques cadres du français moderne
Authors: Vachon-Spilka Irène 
Published: June 2019

Dans l’espoir d’apporter un peu d’ordre aux “règles” des grammaires traditionnelles et de fournir aux étudiants étrangers une explication facilement assimilable des cadres les plus fréquents de la prose française, nous avons commencé a appliquer la méthode des substitutions à quelques problèmes de morphologie avec des résultats qui nous ont paru satisfaisants dans leur application pédagogique.Au cours de l’exposé qui va suivre, nous nous appliquerons à découvrir la situation précise du mot de dans la structure essentielle du français moderne, c’est-à-dire sans tenir compte des effets stylistiques ni des tournures archaïques égarées dans la langue contemporaine.
Developments in Investment Policy During the Last Decade
Authors: Day J. G. 
Published: June 2019

Investment conditions have changed widely and rapidly in the post-war era; and since the publication of Mr Lewis G. Whyte's textbook, Principles of Finance and Investment, there has been a spate of papers on investment theory, each of them either covering a small part of the subject or setting forth a particular view.The aims of this paper are:I. To suggest a balanced and consistent approach to investment principles as they affect funds of actuarial interest.II. To discuss the application of these principles to particular types of funds.III. To discuss the characteristics of the securities that are available in present-day conditions to implement investment policy.These aims may sound comprehensive, but within the limitations of a paper it is only possible to touch on them briefly.
II.—On the Structure of Calymmatotheca kidstoni Calder (emended) and Genomosperma latens gen. et sp. nov. from the Calciferous Sandstone Series of Berwickshire
Authors: Long Albert G. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisThe Lower Carboniferous fossil Calymmatotheca kidstoni Calder is shown to be a simple seed and is redescribed under the new name Genomosperma kidstoni. A second species G. latens is also described. Genomosperma gen. nov. is of interest in possessing a free nucellus with a lagenostome and short salpinx. The nucellus is surrounded by an integument of about eight lobes which are free from one another and from the nucellus from near the base of the seed. The vascular details of t h e seeds have been studied and in each species pollen has been observed in the pollen chamber.Genomosperma is compared with various Pteridosperm seeds.
V.—The Geochemistry of the Older Granodiorite, Co. Donegal, Ireland
Authors: Mercy Edward L. P. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisChemical analysis of samples of the Older Granodiorite, Co. Donegal, Ireland, shows that it has a geographical variation in which Si, K and O increase, Na is about constant and all other major elements decrease in amount from east to west. There is a high degree of positive linear correlation between Mg and Fe2 + Fe3 which implies derivation of these elements from some previously existing ferromagnesiam mineral in which the appropriate ratio was maintained. There is a low degree of negative linear correlation between Na and K which implies that these elements are mobile and independent of each other.The chemical relationships of the granodiorite to its pelitic country rocks are shown and discussed. The relations are such that the preferred hypothesis for the origin of the granodiorite is one of influx of Na, K and Ca ions in an alumino-silicate medium. Country rocks are diluted by this influx and it is unnecessary to assume any great migration of Mg and Fe. With time the nature of the influx changes—Ca decreases in amount whereas Na, K and Si all increase but K and Si to a very much greater extent than Na.
VII.—The Structural History of the Moine Thrust Zone at Lochcarron, Wester Ross
Authors: Johnson M. R. W. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisTorridonian and Lewisian rocks lying in inverted order between the Kishorn thrust and the Moine thrust, and Moine rocks, lying above the Moine thrust, exhibit a remarkable parallelism of structure.New evidence shows that three sets of minor structures have been developed in the formations during the Caledonian movements. At least two of these sets pre-date the Moine thrust movements. The mylonites, which are not restricted to the vicinity of the Moine thrust outcrop, belong to an earlier movement phase than these structures and are not directly related to the clean-cut thrust movements. They appear to represent narrow zones of shearing and sliding, mainly within the Lewisian gneisses that developed early in the Caledonian orogeny.There is reason to suppose that the inversion of the rocks to the west of the Moine thrust occurred before the formation of the minor structures recognized in the paper.The minor structures are described and their order of formation established. The plastic, para-crystalline style of the earlier deformation is contrasted with the post-crystalline brittle style of the later deformations.
VIII.—The Petrology of the Layered Basic Rocks of the Carlingford Complex, Co. Louth
Authors: Le Bas M. J. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisThe principal basic components of the Tertiary Carlingford complex are believed to have formed through the differentiation of magma of a high-alumina basaltic type. These rocks, which were once thought to be in the form of a ring-dyke, are shown to occur as a floored and multi-layered intrusion. Four major layers have been recognized. Within each, differentiation through crystal fractions settling under the influence of gravity is believed to have been the chief factor producing chemical variation. The effect of this process is seen in the compositional and modal variations of the gabbroic rocks and their constituent minerals. The variations from bottom to top of each layer correspond to a decreasing temperature of crystallization with height. At the bottoms are gabbros enriched in olivine. At the tops, the gabbros are rich in plagioclase. Throughout the layers, the plagioclases are transitional between the high and low (temperature) structural states. The resemblance of these rocks to other layered intrusions (e.g. Rhum, Bushveld, etc.) is taken as proof of the magmatic origin of the Carlingford layered basic rocks.The base of the lowest layer is in contact with Silurian sediments and Tertiary basalts. The sediments have been intensely metasomatized with reciprocal contamination of the gabbro immediately above. Greater extremes of metasomatism and mobilization are seen in the sedimentary xenoliths which occur within the gabbros. At the base of the topmost layer of gabbro, a horizontal screen of highly metasomatized Silurian sediments separates that gabbro from the one below.
IX.—Stamnostoma huttonense gen. et sp. nov.—a Pteridosperm seed and cupule from the Calciferous Sandstone Series of Berwickshire
Authors: Long Albert G. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisStamnostoma huttonense is a petrified seed assigned to the Lagenostomales. The open upper part of its integument shows no lobes or chambers. The short wide salpinx is inserted within a relatively wide “micropyle” and is partly invaginated into the top of the lagenostome which usually contains pollen. The female gametophyte is known, it has a domed “tent-pole” and three archegonia.The paired cupules had sixteen or more terminal segments. Abscission scars indicate that four seeds were borne in each cupule though some were abortive. The cupules if preserved as compressions would resemble the genus Calathiops Göpp.