bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying relative importance: computing standardized effects in models with binary outcomes
Authors: Grace James B. , Johnson Darren J. , Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Byrnes Jarrett E. K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractScientists commonly ask questions about the relative importance of processes and then turn to statistical models for answers. Standardized coefficients are typically used in such situations, with the goal being to compare effects on a common scale. Traditional approaches to obtaining standardized coefficients were developed with idealized Gaussian variables in mind. When responses are binary, complications arise that impact standardization methods. In this paper, we review, evaluate, and propose new methods for standardizing coefficients from models that contain binary outcomes. We first consider the interpretability of unstandardized coefficients and then examine two main approaches to standardization. One approach, which we refer to as the latent‐theoretical (LT) method, assumes that underlying binary observations, there exists a latent, continuous propensity linearly related to the coefficients. A second approach, which we refer to as the observed‐empirical (OE) method, assumes responses are purely discrete and estimates error variance empirically via reference to a classicalR2estimator. We also evaluate the standard formula for calculating standardized coefficients based on standard deviations. Criticisms of this practice have been persistent, leading us to propose an alternative formula that is based on user‐defined “relevant ranges.” Finally, we implement all of the above in an open‐source package for the statistical software R. Results from simulation studies show that both theLTandOEmethods of standardization support a similarly broad range of coefficient comparisons. TheLTmethod estimates effects that reflect underlying latent‐linear propensities, while theOEmethod computes a linear approximation for the effects of predictors on binary responses. The contrast between assumptions for the two methods is reflected in persistently weaker standardized effects associated withOEstandardization. Reliance on standard deviations for standardization (the traditional approach) is critically examined and shown to introduce substantial biases when predictors are non‐Gaussian. The use of relevant ranges in place of standard deviations has the capacity to placeLTandOEstandardized coefficients on a more comparable scale. As ecologists address increasingly complex hypotheses, especially those that comparing the influences of different controlling factors (e.g., top‐down vs. bottom‐up or biotic vs. abiotic controls), comparable coefficients become necessary for evaluations.
Sex‐ and age‐based differences in the natural history and outcome of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Halliday Brian P. , Gulati Ankur , Ali Aamir , Newsome Simon , Lota Amrit , Tayal Upasana , Vassiliou Vassilios S. , Arzanauskaite Monika , Izgi Cemil , Krishnathasan Kaushiga , Singhal Arvind , Chiew Kayla , Gregson John , Frenneaux Michael P. , Cook Stuart A. , Pennell Dudley J. , Collins Peter , Cleland John G.F. , Prasad Sanjay K. 
Published: June 2018

AimTo evaluate the relationship between sex, age and outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Methods and resultsWe used proportional hazard modelling to examine the association between sex, age and all‐cause mortality in consecutive patients with DCM. Overall, 881 patients (290 women, median age 52 years) were followed for a median of 4.9 years. Women were more likely to present with heart failure (64.0% vs. 54.5%; P = 0.007) and had more severe symptoms (P < 0.0001) compared to men. Women had smaller left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (125 mL/m2 vs. 135 mL/m2; P < 0.001), higher left ventricular ejection fraction (40.2% vs. 37.9%; P = 0.019) and were less likely to have mid‐wall late gadolinium enhancement (23.0% vs. 38.9%; P < 0.0001). During follow‐up, 149 (16.9%) patients died, including 41 (4.7%) who died suddenly. After adjustment, all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.92; P = 0.018] was lower in women, with similar trends for cardiovascular (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.35–1.05; P = 0.07), non‐sudden (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–1.02; P = 0.06) and sudden death (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.30–1.63; P = 0.41). All‐cause mortality (per 10 years: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.55; P < 0.0001) and non‐sudden death (per 10 years: HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.26–1.82; P < 0.00001) increased with age. Cumulative incidence curves confirmed favourable outcomes, particularly in women and those <60 years. Increased all‐cause mortality in patients >60 years of age was driven by non‐sudden death.ConclusionWomen with DCM have better survival compared to men, which may partly be due to less severe left ventricular dysfunction and a smaller scar burden. There is increased mortality driven by non‐sudden death in patients >60 years of age that is less marked in women. Outcomes with contemporary treatment were favourable, with a low incidence of sudden death.
TiO2@C Nanostructured Electrodes for the Anodic Removal of Cocaine
Authors: Sanz Germán , Ferreira Garcia Luane , Yepez Alfonso , Colletes de Carvalho Thays , Gontijo Vaz Boniek , Romão Wanderson , Ivars‐Barcelo Francisco , de Souza Gil Eric , Luque Rafael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe generalization use of therapeutic and illicit drugs are introducing new several chemical pollutants in water. They have been detected in water and sewage samples worldwide, hence they are considered as emerging pollutants. The increase of water threats has a negative impact on the life quality and human health. Among the illicit drugs, cocaine and derivatives are increasingly present, making efficient detection and elimination of wastewater highly prioritaire. In that sense, the main core of this work is the assessment of a novel cost‐efficient electrochemical method based on substrate electro‐oxidation (EO) using low‐cost anodes based on common graphite modified with TiO2 nanosized particles incorporated on the surface by assisted microwave deposition. Two different diameters (2 and 5 nm) of nanostructured TiO2@C anodes were tested for cocaine EO reaction using three different electrolytic solutions (NaCl 50 mM, Na2SO4 50 mM or Na2SO4 100 mM). In all cases, the electrochemical oxidation of cocaine appears to be a combination of hypsochromic and hyperchromic processes. Reaching ca. 90 % degradation after 10 minutes for all electrodes, an enhanced efficiency was especially observed for the system with higher cylindrical diameter and NaCl salt medium. The differential pulse (DP) voltammogram, carried out with all assay solutions after 10 minutes of anodic remediation at both electrodes, exhibited an anodic peak consistent with catechol like compounds.
Physical sedimentary controls on subtropical coastal and shelf sedimentary systems: Initial application in conceptual models and computer visualizations to support archaeology
Authors: Larcombe P. , Ward I. A. K. , Whitley T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdvances in digital spatial analysis and 3D photorealistic modeling offer the potential to create virtual interpretations of the now inundated landscapes of NW Australia. While this provides a useful template for potential late Pleistocene and early Holocene coastal occupation on the shelf, we stress the importance of understanding sediment dynamics as a primary control for terrain modelling, particularly at the scale of human ecosystem dynamics. We briefly review six major drivers of change upon tropical and semi‐tropical continental shelves and coastlines, and some of the typical coastal geomorphologies associated with each. We then hypothesize how these drivers might have varied on the NW Shelf of Australia since 65 ka, and then apply the logic to the Barrow Island region, to form some “end‐member” visualizations of coastal change in the early Holocene. The visualizations indicate a high degree of variability in coastal morphology, particularly through the post‐glacial period, which is likely to have radically changed the capacity of the coastline to provide resources for human use during that period. Hence, rather than considering any single visualization as being absolute, end‐member visualizations should be used to generate testable hypotheses that are reviewed repeatedly in the light of new physical, environmental, and archaeological information.
Analysis of pedigree data in populations with multiple ancestries: Strategies for dealing with admixture in Caribbean Hispanic families from the ADSP
Authors: Nafikov Rafael A. , Nato Alejandro Q. , Sohi Harkirat , Wang Bowen , Brown Lisa , Horimoto Andrea R. , Vardarajan Badri N. , Barral Sandra M. , Tosto Giuseppe , Mayeux Richard P. , Thornton Timothy A. , Blue Elizabeth , Wijsman Ellen M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMultipoint linkage analysis is an important approach for localizing disease‐associated loci in pedigrees. Linkage analysis, however, is sensitive to misspecification of marker allele frequencies. Pedigrees from recently admixed populations are particularly susceptible to this problem because of the challenge of accurately accounting for population structure. Therefore, increasing emphasis on use of multiethnic samples in genetic studies requires reevaluation of best practices, given data currently available. Typical strategies have been to compute allele frequencies from the sample, or to use marker allele frequencies determined by admixture proportions averaged over the entire sample. However, admixture proportions vary among pedigrees and throughout the genome in a family‐specific manner. Here, we evaluate several approaches to model admixture in linkage analysis, providing different levels of detail about ancestral origin. To perform our evaluations, for specification of marker allele frequencies, we used data on 67 Caribbean Hispanic admixed families from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. Our results show that choice of admixture model has an effect on the linkage analysis results. Variant‐specific admixture proportions, computed for individual families, provide the most detailed regional admixture estimates, and, as such, are the most appropriate allele frequencies for linkage analysis. This likely decreases the number of false‐positive results, and is straightforward to implement.
Adverse outcome of AML with aberrant CD16 and CD56 NK cell marker expression
Authors: Junge Alexandra , Bacher Ulrike , Mueller Beatrice U. , Keller Peter , Solenthaler Max , Pabst Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNatural killer cells mediate antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, and CD16 exerts key functions to induce antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity response. Because the prognostic relevance of aberrant CD16 expression in AML patients at diagnosis is unknown, we analyzed 325 AML patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy for aberrant CD16+ and CD56+ natural killer‐cell marker expression. CD56+ AML patients had inferior median event‐free (EFS; P = 0.0699) and overall survival (OS; 10.9 versus 20.6 months; P = 0.0132). Patients expressing CD16 had worse median EFS (P = 0.0622) and OS (13.0 versus 45.9 months; P = 0.0277). EFS for CD16+/CD56+ patients was 5.7 months compared with 7.1 months for CD16−/CD56− (P = 0.3690), and OS was 10.6 months for CD16+/CD56+ patients compared with 52.2 months for CD16−/CD56− patients (P = 0.0311). Patients with CD16+/CD56+ expression had a lower probability to achieve complete remission after 2 induction cycles (52% versus 72%). Our data suggest that AML patients with aberrant CD16 and CD56 expression have adverse survival outcomes.
Rheumatoid arthritis and lymphoma: Incidence, pathogenesis, biology, and outcome
Authors: Klein Alina , Polliack Aaron , Gafter‐Gvili Anat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a greater risk of developing both Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non‐HL than the general population. Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma is more common than HL in these patients, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most frequent subtype observed. Although the clinical course of lymphoma in RA is often aggressive, the prognosis in these cases is similar to that of lymphoma in the general population. In this review, we summarize data derived from both retrospective and prospective studies, regarding incidence, pathogenesis, and outcome of lymphomas in RA patients and outline the possible mechanisms and hypotheses linking these 2 disorders. Over the years, 3 main theories have been suggested to explain this association. These hypotheses relate to genetic predisposition, persistence of long standing disease activity with continued immune stimulation, and the role of anti‐RA therapy given. A common genetic predisposition linking RA and lymphoma has not been established. As for treatment of RA, this includes immunosuppressive antitumor necrosis factor drugs or conventional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs like methotrexate. Neither of these drug categories appears to be associated with a higher risk of lymphoma in RA. The impact of continuing disease activity and immune stimulation appears to be the most significant in lymphomagenesis in these patients.
Clinical oversight and the avoidance of repeat induced abortion
Authors: Jacovetty Erica L. , Clare Camille A. , Squire Mary‐Beatrice , Kubal Keshar P. , Liou Sherry , Inchiosa Mario A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of patient counseling, demographics, and contraceptive methods on repeat induced abortion in women attending family planning clinics.MethodsA retrospective chart review of repeat induced abortions was performed. The analysis included patients with an initial induced abortion obtained between January 1, 2001, and March 31, 2014, at New York City Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan. The duration of involvement in the family planning program, the use of contraceptive interventions, and 18 patient factors were analyzed for their correlation with the incidence of repeat induced abortions per year of follow‐up.ResultsA decreased rate of repeat induced abortions was associated with a longer duration of clinical oversight (r2=0.449, P<0.001), a higher contraceptive efficacy score (r=0.280, P=0.025), and a larger number of clinic visits for contraception (r=0.333, P=0.007).ConclusionA continuum of contact with all of the services of a family planning clinic demonstrated a strong efficacy to limit repeat induced abortions. By determining the patient characteristics that most influence repeat induced abortion rates, providers can best choose the most efficacious method of contraception available.
Artificial light at night prolongs juvenile development time in the black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus
Authors: Durrant Joanna , Botha L. Michael , Green Mark P. , Jones Therésa M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA growing body of evidence exists to support a detrimental effect of the presence of artificial light at night (ALAN) on life‐history and fitness traits. However, few studies simultaneously investigate multiple traits and the life stages at which changes manifest. We experimentally manipulated ALAN intensities, within those found in the natural environment, to explore the consequences for growth, survival, and reproductive success of the field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. We reared crickets from egg to adult under a daily light‐cycle consisting of 12 hr bright daylight (2,600 lx) followed by either 12 hr darkness (0 lx) or dim‐light environments (1, 10, or 100 lx). We found egg hatch, adult survival, and reproductive measures were largely comparable for all treatments. However, juvenile development time (number of days from egg to adult) was on average 10 days (14%) longer and adults were also larger when crickets were exposed to any light at night (1, 10, or 100 lx). Our data demonstrate that chronic lifetime exposure to ALAN can modulate the timing of life‐history events and may disrupt phenology to a similar extent as other abiotic factors.
The associations of occupational hazards and injuries with work environments and overtime for nurses in China
Authors: Wu Yan , Zheng Jing , Liu Ke , Baggs Judith G. , Liu Jiali , Liu Xu , You Liming 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTOccupational hazards (OHs) and occupational injuries (OIs) may contribute to nurses needing sick time and to a high financial burden for hospitals. There is little published literature about nurse‐reported OHs/OIs and their relationships with work environments and working overtime in China. This study was designed to describe Chinese hospital registered nurses’ OHs/OIs and to explore the associations between work environments, working overtime, and nurse‐reported OHs/OIs. This cross‐sectional study was conducted in Guangdong province in China in 2014. The sample included 1,517 nurses from 111 medical/surgical units in 23 hospitals. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index was used to measure work environment. Overtime was calculated by subtracting scheduled work hours from actual work hours. Six items were used to measure nurse‐reported OHs/OIs. Descriptive statistics, Chi‐square tests, and two‐level logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. The percentages of nurses reporting OHs/OIs occurred in the year before the survey ranged from 47% to 80%. Nurses who worked in good (vs. poor) unit work environments were less likely to experience OHs/OIs (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.65–0.68, p < .05). Nurses who worked overtime (OR = 1.19–1.33, p < .05) and in Level 3 (largest) hospitals (OR = 1.45–1.80, p < .05) were more likely to experience OHs/OIs. We found that OHs/OIs were prevalent among hospital nurses in China. Better work environment and less nurse overtime were associated with fewer nurse OHs/OIs.
Methodologic limitations of prescription opioid safety research and recommendations for improving the evidence base
Authors: Ranapurwala Shabbar I. , Naumann Rebecca B. , Austin Anna E. , Dasgupta Nabarun , Marshall Stephen W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeThe ongoing opioid epidemic has claimed more than a quarter million Americans' lives over the past 15 years. The epidemic began with an escalation of prescription opioid deaths and has now evolved to include secondary waves of illicit heroin and fentanyl deaths, while the deaths due to prescription opioid overdoses are still increasing. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) moved to limit opioid prescribing with the release of opioid prescribing guidelines for chronic noncancer pain in March 2016. The guidelines represent a logical and timely federal response to this growing crisis. However, CDC acknowledged that the evidence base linking opioid prescribing to opioid use disorders and overdose was grades 3 and 4.MethodsMotivated by the need to strengthen the evidence base, this review details limitations of the opioid safety studies cited in the CDC guidelines with a focus on methodological limitations related to internal and external validity.ResultsInternal validity concerns were related to poor confounding control, variable misclassification, selection bias, competing risks, and potential competing interventions. External validity concerns arose from the use of limited source populations, historical data (in a fast‐changing epidemic), and issues with handling of cancer and acute pain patients' data. We provide a nonexhaustive list of 7 recommendations to address these limitations in future opioid safety studies.ConclusionStrengthening the opioid safety evidence base will aid any future revisions of the CDC guidelines and enhance their prevention impact.
Safety of repeated doses of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine in adults and adolescents
Authors: Jackson Michael L. , Yu Onchee , Nelson Jennifer C. , Nordin James D. , Tartof Sara Y. , Klein Nicola P. , Donahue James G. , Irving Stephanie A. , Glanz Jason M. , McNeil Michael M. , Jackson Lisa A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn light of waning immunity to pertussis following receipt of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, maintaining protection may require repeated Tdap vaccination. We evaluated the safety of repeated doses of tetanus‐containing vaccine in 68 915 nonpregnant adolescents and adults in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population who had received an initial dose of Tdap. Compared with 7521 subjects who received a subsequent dose of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria (Td) vaccine, the 61 394 subjects who received a subsequent dose of Tdap did not have significantly elevated risk of medical visits for seizure, cranial nerve disorders, limb swelling, pain in limb, cellulitis, paralytic syndromes, or encephalopathy/encephalitis/meningitis. These results suggest that repeated Tdap vaccination has acceptable safety relative to Tdap vaccination followed by Td vaccination.
Semiparametric statistical analysis of the blade tip timing data for detection of turbine rotor speed instabilities
Authors: Brabec Marek , Prochazka Pavel , Maturkanic Dusan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an extension of an existing standard approach to the blade tip timing data when analyzing turbine rotor vibrations. Instabilities related to the non‐constant trigonometric coefficients at prominent frequencies might not be noticed in the traditional analyses. Our methodology is based on time‐varying coefficient statistical models, and hence it allows a full formalization of the estimation and other inferential tasks (uncertainty assessments, hypothesis tests etc.). First, we formulate a univariate generalized additive model that is useful for investigation of vibration behavior of individual blades. It can extract trajectories of the trigonometric coefficients. Using the trajectories, one can investigate time changes of power at a given frequency. In the second approach, we use a multivariate model for simultaneous assessment of all of the rotor blades. The model acknowledges similarity of the vibration behavior of closely located blades. It is formulated as a state‐space model, and hence it allows for a wide range of prediction, smoothing, and filtering tasks. We illustrate the performance and practical usefulness of our models on real blade tip timing turbine monitoring data obtained from the Czech nuclear power plant Temelin.
Who produces knowledge? Transforming undergraduate students’ views of science through participatory action research
Authors: Weinberg Andrea E. , Trott Carlie D. , Sample McMeeking Laura B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUndergraduate research experiences (UREs) that include interdisciplinary, engagement‐oriented, and collaborative experiences have the potential to benefit students in unique ways. Through these innovative experiences, students are able to see the social impact and importance of their work—a factor known to strengthen the academic and career persistence of students traditionally underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. In the present study, students assumed simultaneous roles as students, interdisciplinary researchers, and community liaisons as they facilitated a community‐engaged participatory research project. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, we explore students’ evolving perspectives of knowledge generation and social change processes before, during, and after the URE. Findings emphasize participants’ altered views of the respective roles of academic researchers and community members in generating knowledge, the value of interdisciplinary research, and the potential of innovative UREs to foster positive change—in academic and community contexts.