bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonia‐oxidizing archaea release a suite of organic compounds potentially fueling prokaryotic heterotrophy in the ocean
Authors: Bayer Barbara , Hansman Roberta L. , Bittner Meriel J. , Noriega‐Ortega Beatriz E. , Niggemann Jutta , Dittmar Thorsten , Herndl Gerhard J. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAmmonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) constitute a considerable fraction of microbial biomass in the global ocean, comprising 20%–40% of the ocean's prokaryotic plankton. However, it remains enigmatic to what extent these chemolithoautotrophic archaea release dissolved organic carbon (DOC). A combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics was used to characterize the exometabolomes of three model AOA strains of the Nitrosopumilus genus. Our results indicate that marine AOA exude a suite of organic compounds with potentially varying reactivities, dominated by nitrogen‐containing compounds. A significant fraction of the released dissolved organic matter (DOM) consists of labile compounds, which typically limit prokaryotic heterotrophic activity in open ocean waters, including amino acids, thymidine and B vitamins. Amino acid release rates corresponded with ammonia oxidation activity and the three Nitrosopumilus strains predominantly released hydrophobic amino acids, potentially as a result of passive diffusion. Despite the low contribution of DOC released by AOA (~0.08%–1.05%) to the heterotrophic prokaryotic carbon demand, the release of physiologically relevant metabolites could be crucial for microbes that are auxotrophic for some of these compounds, including members of the globally abundant and ubiquitous SAR11 clade.
A comparison of the nitrogen metabolic networks of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rollero Stéphanie , Bloem Audrey , Ortiz‐Julien Anne , Bauer Florian F. , Camarasa Carole , Divol Benoit 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn grape must, nitrogen is available as a complex mixture of various compounds (ammonium and amino acids). Wine yeasts assimilate these multiple sources in order to suitably fulfil their anabolic requirements during alcoholic fermentation. Nevertheless, the order of uptake and the intracellular fate of these sources are likely to differ between strains and species. Using a two‐pronged strategy of isotopic filiation and RNA sequencing, the metabolic network of nitrogen utilization and its regulation in Kluyveromyces marxianus were described, in comparison with those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The data highlighted differences in the assimilation of ammonium and arginine between the two species. The data also revealed that the metabolic fate of certain nitrogen sources differed, thereby resulting in the production of various amounts of key wine aroma compounds. These observations were corroborated by the gene expression analysis.
Regional versus metropolitan pancreaticoduodenectomy mortality in Australia
Authors: Davis Sean S. , Babidge Wendy J. , Kiermeier Andreas , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThis retrospective, population‐based cohort study aims to determine if differences in the regional distribution of procedures or variation in regional mortality contributes to the variable pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) mortality between Australian states and territories.MethodsDe‐identified procedural data from public hospitals between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2015 from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare were analysed. The regional distribution of procedures and variation in perioperative mortality rate (POMR) were investigated in New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Queensland (QLD) using logistic regression analysis.ResultsNSW performed the highest proportion of city‐based procedures (93.8%) while QLD performed the highest proportion of regional procedures (15.3%). QLD demonstrated the lowest city mortality (1.9%) and lowest POMR overall (2.0%). City, regional and state‐wide mortality was highest in NSW (5.0%, 8.4% and 5.3%). No significant difference in POMR was demonstrated between regional and city hospitals in each of the states (P = 0.46) or across all states (P = 0.50).ConclusionThis study demonstrates comparable regional PD distribution across Australia. The difference in PD POMR between city and regional areas was not found to be statistically significant. NSW exhibited the highest city, regional and overall PD POMR, potentially warranting further investigation.
Newborn pulse oximetry screening in the context of a high antenatal detection rate of critical congenital heart disease
Authors: Cloete Elza , Bloomfield Frank H. , Cassells Sharnie A. , de Laat Monique W. M. , Sadler Lynn , Gentles Thomas L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimAssess the potential additional benefit from pulse oximetry screening in the early detection of critical congenital heart disease in a country with a well‐developed antenatal ultrasound screening programme.MethodsLive‐born infants, pregnancy terminations and stillbirths from 20 weeks’ gestational age, between 2013 and 2015, with critical cardiac defects defined as primary or secondary targets of pulse oximetry screening were identified. Critical defects were those resulting in the death of a fetus or an infant in the first 28 days after birth, or a defect requiring intervention in the first 28 days.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐eight infants and Fetuses were identified. Antenatal detection rates improved from 69% to 77% over the study period. An associated co‐morbidity improved antenatal detection rates. Twenty‐seven live‐born infants were diagnosed after discharge: 15 aortic arch obstruction (AAO); 10 d‐loop transposition of the great arteries (d‐TGA), and two total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD). Of these, five with AAO, nine with d‐TGA and likely both with TAPVD could potentially have been detected with oximetry screening.ConclusionThe antenatal detection of critical cardiac anomalies continues to improve in New Zealand. Despite high antenatal detection rates for most lesions, universal postnatal oximetry screening has the potential to improve early detection.
Sigma‐1 receptor modulates neuroinflammation associated with mechanical hypersensitivity and opioid tolerance in a mouse model of osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Carcolé Mireia , Kummer Sami , Gonçalves Leonor , Zamanillo Daniel , Merlos Manuel , Dickenson Anthony H. , Fernández‐Pastor Begoña , Cabañero David , Maldonado Rafael 
Published: July 2019

Background and PurposeOsteoarthritic pain is a chronic disabling condition lacking effective treatment. Continuous use of opioid drugs during osteoarthritic pain induces tolerance and may result in dose escalation and abuse. Sigma‐1 (σ1) receptors, a chaperone expressed in key areas for pain control, modulates μ‐opioid receptor activity and represents a promising target to tackle these problems. The present study investigates the efficacy of the σ1 receptor antagonist E‐52862 to inhibit pain sensitization, morphine tolerance, and associated electrophysiological and molecular changes in a murine model of osteoarthritic pain.Experimental ApproachMice received an intra‐knee injection of monoiodoacetate followed by 14‐day treatment with E‐52862, morphine, or vehicle, and mechanical sensitivity was assessed before and after the daily doses.Key ResultsMonoiodoacetate‐injected mice developed persistent mechanical hypersensitivity, which was dose‐dependently inhibited by E‐52862. Mechanical thresholds assessed before the daily E‐52862 dose showed gradual recovery, reaching complete restoration by the end of the treatment. When repeated treatment started 15 days after knee injury, E‐52862 produced enhanced short‐term analgesia, but recovery to baseline threshold was slower. Both a σ1 receptor agonist and a μ receptor antagonist blocked the analgesic effects of E‐52862. An acute, sub‐effective dose of E‐52862 restored morphine analgesia in opioid‐tolerant mice. Moreover, E‐52862 abolished spinal sensitization in osteoarthritic mice and inhibited pain‐related molecular changes.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings show dual effects of σ1 receptor antagonism alleviating both short‐ and long‐lasting antinociception during chronic osteoarthritis pain. They identify E‐52862 as a promising pharmacological agent to treat chronic pain and avoid opioid tolerance.
Selective immigration policy and its impacts on Canada's native‐born population: A general equilibrium analysis
Authors: Genç İleri Şerife 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of skilled immigration on the wage inequality between different education groups and the welfare of the incumbent population. I use a heterogenous agent overlapping generations model with endogenous discrete college education choice and calibrate it to match the features of 1981 Canadian economy. My quantitative analysis suggests that reducing the skilled immigration rate generates a rise in the growth rate of the wage inequality between college‐educated and non‐college workers. As skilled immigrants are admitted at a lower rate, more natives opt for college education in the economy. My welfare analysis shows that the incumbent young and college‐educated population benefits more from a reduction in the skilled immigration rate. On the other hand, young generations with below college education face welfare losses. My results suggest that skilled immigration contributes positively to the overall welfare in the economy.
Ganaxolone enhances microglial clearance activity and promotes remyelination in focal demyelination in the corpus callosum of ovariectomized rats
Authors: Mouihate Abdeslam , Kalakh Samah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimExperimental studies have shown that the progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone, is endowed with promyelinating effects. The mechanisms underlying these promyelinating effects are not well understood. Therefore, we explored the impact of allopregnanolone's synthetic analogue, ganaxolone, on remyelination and microglial activation following focal demyelination in the corpus callosum of ovariectomized rats.MethodsOvariectomized adult Sprague Dawley rats received a stereotaxic injection of 2 µL of 1% lysolecithin solution in the corpus callosum followed by daily injections of either ganaxolone (intraperitoneal injection [i.p.], 2.5 mg/kg) or vehicle. The demyelination lesion was assessed 3 and 7 days postdemyelination insult using Luxol fast blue staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of myelin proteins (MBP, MAG, MOG, CNPase) were explored using Western blot. The inflammatory response and clearance of damaged myelin were evaluated using immunofluorescent staining (Iba1, dMBP, GFAP) and multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐6).ResultsSystemic administration of ganaxolone promoted remyelination of lysolecithin‐induced demyelination, upregulated the expression of major myelin proteins, and enhanced microglial clearance of damaged myelin. Astrocytosis, as well as locally produced pro‐ and antiinflammatory cytokines, was not affected by ganaxolone treatment.ConclusionGanaxolone promotes remyelination in response to focal demyelination of the corpus callosum of ovariectomized rats. This effect is, at least in part, mediated by enhancing microglial clearance of myelin debris, which creates a conducive environment for a successful remyelination process.
Skin reactions among Bulgarian dental students: A self‐report questionnaire survey
Authors: Stoeva Iliyana , Dencheva Maria , Georgiev Nikolai , Chonin Atanas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDental students are at high risk of developing adverse skin reactions following practical work during the dentistry degree program. They encounter multiple irritants and allergens that may cause skin reactions on exposed parts of the body, notably the hands.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of skin reactions related to the pre‐clinical and clinical training courses of the dentistry program and associated risk factors in Bulgarian dental students.MethodA cross‐sectional study was performed using a self‐report questionnaire.ResultsA total of 467 dental students completed the questionnaire (response 51.8%). The prevalence of self‐reported skin symptoms was 21.2%. According to logistic regression analysis, the most important risk factors for work‐related skin symptoms were a personal history of atopic dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 3.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99‐7.72), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma (OR 1.94, 95%CI: 1.03‐3.68), personal history of contact allergy (OR 2.19, 95%CI: 1.06‐4.55), and hand washing >16 times a day (OR 2.42, 95%CI: 1.06‐5.52).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that work‐related skin symptoms are frequent among dental students and indicate the need to establish effective primary preventive programs for occupational skin disorders at a national level.
Ground object recognition and segmentation from aerial image‐based 3D point cloud
Authors: Ogura Katsuya , Yamada Yuma , Kajita Shugo , Yamaguchi Hirozumi , Higashino Teruo , Takai Mineo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral attempts have been made to grasp three‐dimensional (3D) ground shape from a 3D point cloud generated by aerial vehicles, which help fast situation recognition. However, identifying such objects on the ground from a 3D point cloud, which consists of 3D coordinates and color information, is not straightforward due to the gap between the low‐level point information (coordinates and colors) and high‐level context information (objects). In this paper, we propose a ground object recognition and segmentation method from a geo‐referenced point cloud. Basically, we rely on some existing tools to generate such a point cloud from aerial images, and our method tries to give semantics to each set of clustered points. In our method, firstly, such points that correspond to the ground surface are removed using the elevation data from the Geographical Survey Institute. Next, we apply an interpoint distance‐based clustering and color‐based clustering. Then, such clusters that share some regions are merged to correctly identify a cluster that corresponds to a single object. We have evaluated our method in several experiments in real fields. We have confirmed that our method can remove the ground surface within 20 cm error and can recognize most of the objects.
MicroRNA‐191 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by has_circ_0000204/miR‐191/KLF6 axis
Authors: Tian Fang , Yu Chengtao , Wu Min , Wu Xiaoyu , Wan Lingfeng , Zhu Xuejun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesMicroRNAs are powerful regulators in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. MicoRNA‐191 (miR‐191) has been reported to play an important role in HCC, However, the regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of miR‐191 in HCC and studied its underlying mechanisms of action.Materials and methodsThe expression of miR‐191 in HCC tissues was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The role of miR‐191 in HCC cells was examined by using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Downstream targets of miR‐191 were determined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Dual‐luciferase assays were performed to validate the interaction between miR‐191 and its targets.ResultsThe expression of miR‐191 was significantly higher in HCC patients and a higher miR‐191 expression predicted poorer prognosis. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets suggested that miR‐191 positively correlated with cell cycle progression. Gain and loss of function assays showed that miR‐191 promoted cell cycle progression and proliferation. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR‐191 directly targeted the 3'‐untranslated region of KLF6 mRNA. Furthermore, circular RNA has_circ_0000204 could sponge with miR‐191, resulting in inactivation of miR‐191.ConclusionsOur study sheds light on the novel underlying mechanism of miR‐191 in HCC, which may accelerate the development of cancer therapy.
Predicting Self‐declared Movie Watching Behavior Using Facebook Data and Information‐Fusion Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Bogaert Matthias , Ballings Michel , Bergmans Rob , Van den Poel Dirk 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of predicting whether yes or no a Facebook user has self‐reported to have watched a given movie genre. Therefore, we apply a data analytical framework that (1) builds and evaluates several predictive models explaining self‐declared movie watching behavior, and (2) provides insight into the importance of the predictors and their relationship with self‐reported movie watching behavior. For the first outcome, we benchmark several algorithms (logistic regression, random forest, adaptive boosting, rotation forest, and naive Bayes) and evaluate their performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. For the second outcome, we evaluate variable importance and build partial dependence plots using information‐fusion sensitivity analysis for different movie genres. To gather the data, we developed a custom native Facebook app. We resampled our dataset to make it representative of the general Facebook population with respect to age and gender. The results indicate that adaptive boosting outperforms all other algorithms. Time‐ and frequency‐based variables related to media (movies, videos, and music) consumption constitute the list of top variables. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to fit predictive models of self‐reported movie watching behavior and provide insights into the relationships that govern these models. Our models can be used as a decision tool for movie producers to target potential movie‐watchers and market their movies more efficiently.
Developmental symbiosis facilitates the multiple origins of herbivory
Authors: Gilbert Scott F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDevelopmental bias toward particular evolutionary trajectories can be facilitated through symbiosis. Organisms are holobionts, consisting of zygote‐derived cells and a consortia of microbes, and the development, physiology, and immunity of animals are properties of complex interactions between the zygote‐derived cells and microbial symbionts. Such symbionts can be agents of developmental plasticity, allowing an organism to develop in particular directions. This plasticity can lead to genetic assimilation either through the incorporation of microbial genes into host genomes or through the direct maternal transmission of the microbes. Such plasticity can lead to niche construction, enabling the microbes to remodel host anatomy and/or physiology. In this article, I will focus on the ability of symbionts to bias development toward the evolution of herbivory. I will posit that the behavioral and morphological manifestations of herbivorous phenotypes must be preceded by the successful establishment of a community of symbiotic microbes that can digest cell walls and detoxify plant poisons. The ability of holobionts to digest plant materials can range from being a plastic trait, dependent on the transient incorporation of environmental microbes, to becoming a heritable trait of the holobiont organism, transmitted through the maternal propagation of symbionts or their genes.
Diet and movements of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in a large oligotrophic lake with an exceptionally high pikeperch yield
Authors: Huuskonen Hannu , Piironen Jorma , Syväranta Jari , Eronen Risto , Biasi Christina , Kiiskinen Päivi , Kortet Raine , Vainikka Anssi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThrough the recent increases in abundance, pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) has not only become a valuable target for recreational and commercial fishing, but also the most important top predator in many lakes. Generally oligotrophic Lake Höytiäinen (283 km2) sustains one of the most economically valuable pikeperch stocks in Finland, and its annual fisheries yield (up to 5.5 kg/ha) is exceptionally high among Finnish lakes. Here, we followed seasonal movements of fish using conventional tagging, and studied short‐term and long‐term diet of pikeperch by stomach content and stable isotope analyses to examine if the movements were motivated by prey availability. A clear seasonal migration pattern was observed: in summer, 80% of the tag recoveries were obtained from the shallow and mesotrophic northern and western areas, whereas in autumn and winter, the deep and oligotrophic southern area dominated in the recaptures. The diet of pikeperch consisted of the most abundant fish species in the lake, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus), as well as insects. Stable isotope analysis indicated a shift from a dominance of pelagic food sources to littoral food sources during the growing season of pikeperch. Our results suggest that the pikeperch migrations facilitate efficient material transfer from the mesotrophic part while the deeper and oligotrophic part offers a favourable overwintering environment.
Effects of oxytocin‐family peptides and substance P on locomotor activity and filial preferences in visually naïve chicks
Authors: Loveland Jasmine L. , Stewart Michael G. , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNonapeptides from the vasopressin/oxytocin family have been implicated in a wide variety of social behaviours across vertebrates. Experimental manipulations that alter nonapeptide levels or receptor function in the brain have provided evidence for understanding how nonapeptides influence responses to social stimuli in adults. While behaviours in adults have been extensively studied, much less in known about roles of nonapeptides in early life and the development of affiliative social behaviours. We examined an experience‐independent preference (social predisposition) that is present at hatching and is characterized by the tendency of visually naïve chicks (Gallus gallus) to prefer to approach a stuffed hen stimulus over a control stimulus in a choice test. Among chicks that show the social predisposition preference, bilateral intracranial mesotocin injections resulted in higher mean hen preference scores compared with saline‐injected controls. Equimolar doses of mesotocin and vasotocin injections had different effects on locomotor activity: vasotocin, but not mesotocin, resulted in hypoactivity. We also tested whether intraperitoneal substance P had an effect on hen preference scores because previous research has proposed that vasotocin effects on social approach are mediated by peripheral release of substance P, but found no significant effect. All together, our data suggest that mesotocin signalling may be important for social predispositions and can potentially enhance the perceived salience of social stimuli soon after hatching. Specifically, mesotocin release and signalling in the brain may regulate the ability to recognize naturalistic stimuli and/or to act on the motivation to approach naturalistic stimuli.