bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant‐Mediated and Morphology‐Controlled Nanostructured LiFePO4/Carbon Composite as a Promising Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Khan Sourav , Raj Rayappan Pavul , George Laurel , Kannangara G. S. Kamali , Milev Adriyan , Varadaraju Upadhyayula V. , Selvam Parasuraman 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of morphology‐controlled carbon‐coated nanostructured LiFePO4 (LFP/Carbon) cathode materials by surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal method using block copolymers is reported. The resulting nanocrystalline high surface area materials were coated with carbon and designated as LFP/C123 and LFP/C311. All the materials were systematically characterized by various analytical, spectroscopic and imaging techniques. The reverse structure of the surfactant Pluronic® 31R1 (PPO‐PEO‐PPO) in comparison to Pluronic® P123 (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) played a vital role in controlling the particle size and morphology which in turn ameliorate the electrochemical performance in terms of reversible specific capacity (163 mAh g−1 and 140 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C for LFP/C311 and LFP/C123, respectively). In addition, LFP/C311 demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance including lower charge transfer resistance (146.3 Ω) and excellent cycling stability (95 % capacity retention at 1 C after 100 cycles) and high rate capability (163.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C; 147.1 mAh g−1 at 1 C). The better performance of the former is attributed to LFP nanoparticles (<50 nm) with a specific spindle‐shaped morphology. Further, we have also evaluated the electrode performance with the use of both PVDF and CMC binders employed for the electrode fabrication.
In Situ/Operando Spectroscopic Characterizations Guide the Compositional and Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Tian Jing‐Hua , Jiang Tao , Wang Mengfan , Hu Zhongli , Zhu Xingyu , Zhang Li , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries have gained incredible increasing attention due to their high theoretical energy density and comparable low cost. Although great advances are made in optimizing Li–S batteries via rational design of the composition and architecture, daunting challenges remain to restrain the shuttle‐effect issue associated with the extremely complicated “solid‐liquid‐solid” reaction routes. In recent years, researchers have reached a consensus that the characterization of practical working mechanisms of Li–S batteries is an important prerequisite for optimizing their performance. Numerous in situ/operando spectroscopic techniques with light sources of 10−10–103 m wavelengths, such as X‐rays, UV–vis, nuclear magnetic resonance (radio), infrared, etc., are introduced to supply real‐time and console‐displayed signals related to the reaction variations of Li–S batteries, thus helping to put forward further optimization strategies in the internal designs. This review systematically summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art in the optimal design of Li–S batteries with the aid of in situ/operando spectroscopic characterizations, including the progress in cathodes, binders, interlayers, electrolytes, and Li metal anodes, aiming to show the powerful ability of in situ/operando spectroscopic techniques in revealing the working and degradation mechanism and scientifically guiding the further optimal design of Li–S batteries.
Protecting wastewater workers from disease risks: Personal protective equipment guidelines
Authors: LeChevallier Mark W. , Mansfield Theodore J. , Gibson Jacqueline MacDonald 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic revived concerns about infection risks to wastewater workers. Prior research has shown that wastewater can contain a variety of known and emerging pathogens and that wastewater workers are at increased risk of infectious illnesses. However, guidelines on using personal protective equipment (PPE) to decrease these risks are lacking. We engaged 34 wastewater utility personnel and public health experts to conduct a job safety analysis identifying tasks in which workers could be exposed to pathogens and to develop a PPE selection matrix for preventing those exposures. We identified 43 relevant job tasks. Recommended PPE ranges from durable gloves (all tasks) to safety glasses (24 tasks), Tyvek suits or coveralls (4 tasks), and respiratory protection (N95 mask or face mask, depending on the activity, 10 tasks). The PPE selection matrix can serve as a guide for protecting the 120,000 wastewater workers in the United States from known and emerging pathogens.Practitioner points

Wastewater workers are at increased risk of infectious illnesses.

Policies to protect wastewater workers from these illnesses are lacking.

We developed guidelines for use of personal protective equipment by wastewater workers to prevent exposure to infectious agents.
Kohlenmonoxid – ein unterschätztes Risiko? Bekanntheit, Wahrnehmung, Wissen und Präventionsverhalten
Authors: Jungnickel Katrin , Lohmann Mark , Böl Gaby-Fleur 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Jährlich behandeln die Krankenhäuser in Deutschland etwa 450.000 Menschen aufgrund von Vergiftungen. Um die Anzahl an Vergiftungsunfällen zu reduzieren, ist es essenziell, die Bevölkerung umfassend über Vergiftungsrisiken und Präventionsmöglichkeiten aufzuklären.

Ziel
Ziel ist es, die Risikowahrnehmung gegenüber Vergiftungen genauer zu erforschen, um auf dieser Basis geeignete Kommunikationsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln. Als spezielles Schwerpunktthema wurde das Risiko einer Vergiftung durch Kohlenmonoxid (CO) gewählt.

Methode
1012 Personen ab 14 Jahren wurden in Deutschland telefonisch zu Bekanntheit, Wahrnehmung und Wissen im Zusammenhang mit Vergiftungsrisiken, insbesondere Kohlenmonoxid, befragt.

Ergebnisse
Die höchsten Bekanntheitswerte erreichen Alkohol‑, CO- und Pilzvergiftungen. Gerade für Kinder bedeutsame Risikoquellen wie Knopfzellenbatterien, Lampenöle oder Flüssigkeiten in E‑Zigaretten sind dagegen kaum präsent. 82 % aller Befragten haben schon einmal von Vergiftungsfällen im Zusammenhang mit Kohlenmonoxid gehört und 41 % schätzen das Risiko einer unbeabsichtigten Vergiftung mit CO als eher hoch oder sehr hoch ein. Dennoch besitzen nur 15 % einen CO-Melder. Obwohl die überwiegende Mehrheit der Befragten angibt, die Ursachen und Symptome von CO-Vergiftungen zu kennen, glauben dennoch mehr als ein Drittel fälschlicherweise, man könne Kohlenmonoxid am Geruch, an der Rauchentwicklung oder am Alarmsignal des Rauchmelders erkennen. Zudem besteht Aufklärungsbedarf zur möglichen CO-Intoxikation beim Shisharauchen in geschlossenen Räumen und bei der Lagerung von Holzpellets.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse liefern erste Hinweise zu Zielgruppen und Verbreitungswegen für zukünftige Risikokommunikationsmaßnahmen.
Circulatory factors associated with function and prognosis in patients with severe heart failure
Authors: Rullman Eric , Melin Michael , Mandić Mirko , Gonon Adrian , Fernandez-Gonzalo Rodrigo , Gustafsson Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Multiple circulatory factors are increased in heart failure (HF). Many have been linked to cardiac and/or skeletal muscle tissue processes, which in turn might influence physical activity and/or capacity during HF. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms linking HF with the loss of peripheral function.

Methods and results
Physical capacity measured by maximum oxygen uptake, myocardial function (measured by echocardiography), physical activity (measured by accelerometry), and mortality data was collected for patients with severe symptomatic heart failure an ejection fraction < 35% (n = 66) and controls (n = 28). Plasma circulatory factors were quantified using a multiplex immunoassay. Multivariate (orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis) and univariate analyses identified many factors that differed significantly between HF and control subjects, mainly involving biological functions related to cell growth and cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Then, using principal component analysis, links between circulatory factors and physical capacity, daily physical activity, and myocardial function were identified. A subset of ten biomarkers differentially expressed in patients with HF vs controls covaried with physical capacity, daily physical activity, and myocardial function; eight of these also carried prognostic value. These included established plasma biomarkers of HF, such as NT-proBNP and ST2 along with recently identified factors such as GDF15, IGFBP7, and TfR, as well as a new factor, galectin-4.

Conclusions
These findings reinforce the importance of systemic circulatory factors linked to hemodynamic stress responses and inflammation in the pathogenesis and progress of HF disease. They also support established biomarkers for HF and suggest new plausible markers.

Graphic abstract
Metal binding to the amyloid-β peptides in the presence of biomembranes: potential mechanisms of cell toxicity
Authors: Wärmländer Sebastian K. T. S. , Österlund Nicklas , Wallin Cecilia , Wu Jinming , Luo Jinghui , Tiiman Ann , Jarvet Jüri , Gräslund Astrid 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are key molecules in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. They interact with cellular membranes, and can bind metal ions outside the membrane. Certain oligomeric Aβ aggregates are known to induce membrane perturbations and the structure of these oligomers—and their membrane-perturbing effects—can be modulated by metal ion binding. If the bound metal ions are redox active, as e.g., Cu and Fe ions are, they will generate harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) just outside the membrane surface. Thus, the membrane damage incurred by toxic Aβ oligomers is likely aggravated when redox-active metal ions are present. The combined interactions between Aβ oligomers, metal ions, and biomembranes may be responsible for at least some of the neuronal death in AD patients.
Sulfate Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Autism
Authors: Williams Richard J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This is a study of water and beverages consumed during pregnancy by mothers of children with autism. Materials included vials for water samples and a survey to describe the water and beverages. Samples were tested for sulfate and surveys evaluated for average daily levels. Results were stratified for selected regions of the United States. Areas with the highest rates of autism showed a trend toward lower levels of sulfate compared to areas with low rates of autism (28% sulfate, n = 45, p = 0.059). Severe autism was associated with low sulfate levels while mild symptoms were associated with higher levels of sulfate (− 0.32 correlation, n = 86, p < 0.01). The results suggest that sulfate may be helpful in reducing both the incidence and severity of autism.
Religiosity and Health-Related Risk Behaviours in a Secular Culture—Is there a Correlation?
Authors: Svensson Nanna Herning , Hvidt Niels Christian , Nissen Susanne Pagh , Storsveen Maria Munch , Hvidt Elisabeth Assing , Søndergaard Jens , Thilsing Trine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the present study, we examine the correlation between religiosity and health-related risk behaviours among citizens aged 29–60 based on a cross-sectional survey in Denmark, known for its more secular culture. Health-related risk behaviours such as smoking and alcohol intake are known to increase the risk of developing one or more chronic or life-threatening diseases. In this study religiosity, in a random sample of Danes, seems to be associated with healthier lifestyle, such as a healthier dietary pattern and less smoking, as is found in more religious cultures. Our study suggests that religious practice among Danish citizens seems to be correlated with health behaviours and that healthcare professionals should pay more attention to the connection between religiosity and health.
Glyco-functionalised quantum dots and their progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Ashree Jayshree , Wang Qi , Chao Yimin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite all major breakthroughs in recent years of research, we are still unsuccessful to effectively diagnose and treat cancer that has express and metastasizes. Thus, the development of a novel approach for cancer detection and treatment is crucial. Recent progress in Glyconanotechnology has allowed the use of glycans and lectins as bio-functional molecules for many biological and biomedical applications. With the known advantages of quantum dots (QDs) and versatility of carbohydrates and lectins, Glyco-functionalised QD is a new prospect in constructing biomedical imaging platform for cancer behaviour study as well as treatment. In this review, we aim to describe the current utilisation of Glyco-functionalised QDs as well as their future prospective to interpret and confront cancer.
Effect of Cr content on the corrosion resistance of Ni–Cr–P coatings for PEMFC metallic bipolar plates
Authors: Chanda Uttam K. , Padhee Satya Prakash , Pathak Anil D. , Roy Sudesna , Pati Soobhankar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn here, we report on the pulse electrodeposition of nickel–chromium–phosphorous (Ni–Cr–P) coatings on AISI 1020 low carbon steel using an aqueous electrolyte consisting of NiCl2, CrCl3, and NaH2PO2. We evaluated the effectiveness of Ni–Cr–P coatings for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell metallic bipolar plates. Coatings deposited at pH 3.0 and room temperature show nearly three orders improvement in corrosion resistance compared to bare AISI 1020. The corrosion current (Icorr) of Ni–Cr–P samples coated at 25 °C is 1.16 × 10−4A/cm2, while that of bare carbon steel is 1.05 × 10−2A/cm2. The improvement in corrosion resistance is due to the increase in Cr content in the Ni–Cr–P coatings. Cr forms a stable oxide barrier layer and inhibits pitting corrosion. The interfacial contact resistance increases with an increase in Cr content and immersion time in the corrosion media. The increase in interfacial contact resistance is also due to the formation of a stable oxide barrier.
Study on friction performance and mechanism of slipper pair under different paired materials in high-pressure axial piston pump
Authors: Wu Huaichao , Zhao Limei , Ni Siliang , He Yongyong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
High-pressure axial piston pumps operate in high-speed and high-pressure environments. The contact state of the slipper against the swashplate can easily change from an oil film lubrication to a mixed oil film/asperity contact, or even dry friction. To improve the dry friction performance of slipper pairs and to avoid their potentially rapid failure, this study examined the effects of material matching on the dry friction performance of the slipper pair for high-pressure axial piston pumps. A FAIAX6 friction and wear tester was developed, and the dry friction coefficients of the slipper pairs matched with different materials were studied using this tester. Based on the thermo-mechanical coupling of the slipper pair with the working process, the contact surface temperatures of the slipper pairs matched with different materials were calculated and analyzed for the same working conditions. Following this, the effects of the material properties on the temperature increase at the slipper sliding contact surfaces were revealed. The reliabilities of the temperature calculations and analysis results were verified through orthogonal tests of slipper pairs matched with different materials. The results indicate that the influence of the material density on the friction coefficient is greater than that of the Poisson’s ratio or the elastic modulus, and that the slipper material chosen should have a high thermal conductivity, low density, and low specific heat, whereas the swashplate material should be high in specific heat, density, and thermal conductivity; in addition, the slipper pair should be a type of hard material to match the type of soft material applied; that is, the hardness of the swashplate material should be greater than that of the slipper material.
The controlled vertical impact of an inclined flat plate on a quiescent water surface
Authors: Wang An , Duncan James H. 
Published: September 2019

The generation of spray during the vertical impact of a flat plate (length $L=1.22~\text{m}$, width $B=0.38~\text{m}$) on a quiescent water surface is studied experimentally. The plate is held in an orientation tilted up from horizontal by angles $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ ranging from $10^{\circ }$ to $25^{\circ }$ about one of its long edges, which is positioned close to a vertical wall. The plate motion, which is driven by a servo motor system, is set to maintain a constant speed, $W_{0}$, until the trailing (upper) long edge of the plate passes the still water level (SWL) and then to decelerate to a stop. The impact Froude numbers $\mathit{Fr}$ ($=W_{0}/\sqrt{gB}$, where $g$ is the gravitational acceleration) range from 0.21 to 0.63. The evolution of the water surface underneath the plate and outboard of its trailing edge is measured with a cinematic laser induced fluorescence technique. As the plate’s leading (low) edge passes the SWL, the local water surface rises and develops into a thin spray sheet that travels along the plate’s lower surface toward the trailing edge. The horizontal speed of the under-plate spray tip is approximately $2.25W_{0}/\tan \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$, as high as $15~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$. In agreement with published similarity theory for the flow during the vertical water entry of a wedge, the under-plate surface profiles scaled by $W_{0}t$ nearly collapse on a single curve for each $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$. As the under-plate spray passes the plate’s trailing edge, it develops into the leading portion (called herein the Type I spray) of the outboard spray system. As the trailing edge of the plate passes through the local water surface, a crater develops and a large nearly vertical spray sheet (called the Type II spray) is generated from the outer edge (called the outboard spray root) of the crater. The characteristic horizontal length scale of the crater is found to expand in time following a power law with an exponent of approximately 0.77 for all conditions. A short time after its formation, the outboard spray root becomes the crest of a gravity wave whose propagation speed is of the order of $1~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$ for all $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ and $\mathit{Fr}$. The dimensionless envelope of the Type II spray profiles collapse to a single curve at high $\mathit{Fr}$ for each $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$. The connecting spray sheet between the Type I and Type II sprays tends to break up at small $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ and large $\mathit{Fr}$.
Experimental study of the nonlinear saturation of the elliptical instability: inertial wave turbulence versus geostrophic turbulence
Authors: Le Reun Thomas , Favier Benjamin , Le Bars Michael 
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of the turbulent saturation of the flow driven by the parametric resonance of inertial waves in a rotating fluid. In our set-up, a half-metre wide ellipsoid filled with water is brought to solid-body rotation, and then undergoes sustained harmonic modulation of its rotation rate. This triggers the exponential growth of a pair of inertial waves via a mechanism called the libration-driven elliptical instability. Once the saturation of this instability is reached, we observe a turbulent state for which energy is injected into the resonant inertial waves only. Depending on the amplitude of the rotation rate modulation, two different saturation states are observed. At large forcing amplitudes, the saturation flow mainly consists of a steady, geostrophic anticyclone. Its amplitude vanishes as the forcing amplitude is decreased while remaining above the threshold of the elliptical instability. Below this secondary transition, the saturation flow is a superposition of inertial waves which are in weakly nonlinear resonant interaction, a state that could asymptotically lead to inertial wave turbulence. In addition to being a first experimental observation of a wave-dominated saturation in unstable rotating flows, the present study is also an experimental confirmation of the model of Le Reun et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 119 (3), 2017, 034502) who introduced the possibility of these two turbulent regimes. The transition between these two regimes and their relevance to geophysical applications are finally discussed.
Heat stress-induced expression of Px-pdrg and Px-aspp2 in insecticide-resistant and -susceptible Plutella xylostella
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Jing Nan , Chen Xue Zhun , Hu Qi Xing , Liu Qi Qing , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2019

Abstractp53, DNA damage regulated gene (PDRG) and apoptosis-stimulating p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) are p53-related genes which can promote apoptosis. The full-length cDNA sequence of the Px-pdrg and Px-aspp2 genes were characterized and their mRNA expression dynamics under heat stress were studied in diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella collected from Fuzhou, China. The full-length cDNA of Px-pdrg and Px-aspp2 spans 721 and 4201 bp, containing 395 and 3216 bp of the open reading frame, which encode a putative protein comprising 130 and 1072 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 14.58 and 118.91 kDa, respectively. As compared to 25°C, both Px-pdrg and Px-aspp2 were upregulated in chlorpyrifos-resistant (Rc) and -susceptible (Sm) strains of DBM adults and pupae under heat stress. In addition, Rc DBM showed a significantly higher expression level of Px-pdrg and Px-aspp2 in contrast to Sm DBM. The results indicate that high temperature can significantly promote apoptosis process, especially in Rc-DBM. Significant fitness cost in Rc-DBM might be associated with drastically higher transcript abundance of Px-pdrg and Px-aspp2 under the heat stress.
Comparative demography ofBactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) andCeratitis capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on deciduous fruit
Authors: Pieterse Welma , Manrakhan Aruna , Terblanche John S. , Addison Pia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) andCeratitis capitata(Wiedemann) are highly polyphagous fruit fly species and important pests of commercial fruit in regions of the world where they are present. In South Africa,B. dorsalisis now established in the north and northeastern parts of the country.B. dorsalisis currently absent in other parts of the country including the Western Cape Province which is an important area for the production of deciduous fruit.C. capitatais widespread in South Africa and is the dominant pest of deciduous fruit. The demographic parameters ofB. dorsalisandC. capitataon four deciduous fruit typesPrunus persica(L.) Batsch,Prunus domesticaL.,Malus domesticaBorkh. andPyrus communisL. were studied to aid in predicting the potential population establishment and growth ofB. dorsalisin a deciduous fruit growing environment. All deciduous fruit types tested were suitable for population persistence of bothB. dorsalisandC. capitata. Development was fastest and survival highest on nectarine for both species.B. dorsalisadults generally lived longer than those ofC. capitata, irrespective of the fruit types that they developed from.B. dorsalishad a higher net reproductive rate (Ro) on all deciduous fruit tested compared toC. capitata. However, the intrinsic rate of population increase was estimated to be higher forC. capitatathan forB. dorsalison all fruit types tested primarily due toC. capitata's faster generation time. Provided abiotic conditions are optimal,B. dorsaliswould be able to establish and grow in deciduous fruit growing areas.