bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The State of Dyslexia: Recent Legislation and Guidelines for Serving School-Age Children and Adolescents With Dyslexia
Authors: Ward-Lonergan Jeannene M. , Duthie Jill K. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of recent dyslexia legislation and guidelines pertaining to services for students with dyslexia in public school settings and to describe possible implications for speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method
In recent years, there has been increased attention focused on effectively meeting the needs of students with dyslexia nationwide. The Decoding Dyslexia organization has chapters in all 50 states in the nation, and they have been instrumental in promoting public awareness of the importance of improving services for students with dyslexia. As a result, new legislation, policies and guidelines have been introduced and developed in many states. California is an example of 1 state that has recently passed legislation in this area and released guidelines that serve as recommendations related to this law. This article provides a broad overview of recent dyslexia legislation, with more specific information pertaining to recent legislation and guidelines in the state of California. Clinical implications for SLPs who serve this population in school settings are also discussed.

Conclusion
The information discussed in this article may serve as a useful model for states that are in the process of developing or revising their own policies or guidelines for meeting the needs of students with dyslexia.
Eligibility for Special Education in Elementary School: The Role of Diverse Language Experiences
Authors: Yamasaki Brianna L. , Luk Gigi 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
We examined the association between language experience and elementary students' eligibility for special education in Massachusetts.

Method
A secondary descriptive data analysis was conducted on the anonymized demographic data obtained from the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. Third, 4th, and 5th grade students were categorized into native English speakers, English-proficient bilinguals, and emerging bilinguals. Eligibility for free or reduced lunch was also considered. Proportions of students eligible for autism, communication disorders, and specific learning disabilities (including those with dyslexia) were calculated.

Results
A strong association was observed between students' language background and whether they were eligible for free/reduced lunch. Children eligible for free/reduced lunch were more likely to be eligible for special education. Relative to native English speakers, English-proficient bilingual students were less likely to be considered eligible for special education. However, for emerging bilinguals, eligibility was lowest in 3rd grade and highest in 5th grade. This observation was most apparent in the category of specific learning disabilities.

Conclusions
Students from diverse language and low-income backgrounds were disproportionately represented in special education. More substantial research–practice partnerships are warranted to understand how bilingual experience and socioeconomic status interact with eligibility for special education services in public school settings.
Elementary Grade Intervention Approaches to Treat Specific Learning Disabilities, Including Dyslexia
Authors: Al Otaiba Stephanie , Rouse Amy Gillespie , Baker Kristi 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this narrative review of the literature is to provide a description of intensive interventions for elementary grade students with dyslexia, students with learning disabilities, and students with intensive reading and writing needs.

Method
First, we provide a brief overview of response to intervention. Second, we explain our theoretical framework for the review. Third, we describe evidence-based interventions, which are divided into predominantly reading or writing interventions. Fourth, we explain data-based individualization for these programs based on a taxonomy of intensity, and we provide an illustrative case study.

Conclusion
We conclude by describing a set of links to websites and technical assistance resources that may be helpful for speech-language pathologists, teachers, and other interventionists to stay current with this research base and to lead professional learning communities.
From Deficit Remediation to Capacity Building: Learning to Enable Rather Than Disable Students With Dyslexia
Authors: Rappolt-Schlichtmann Gabrielle , Boucher Alyssa R. , Evans Miriam 
Published: November 2018

PurposeIn this article, we explore the deficit view of dyslexia and consider how it may narrow research so as to hamper the progress of scientific discovery and constrain best practices to the detriment of the overall well-being and growth of students with dyslexia. We consider the neurodiversity view of dyslexia as an alternative to the deficit view and explore how strengths-based approaches such as Universal Design for Learning can be used to support the overall well-being and development of students with dyslexia. Practical strategies are provided for applying a strengths-based approach in the speech-language pathologist setting to support students with dyslexia.MethodWe completed a focused literature review of the history of the deficit view of dyslexia, the alternate neurodiversity view, exceptional abilities related to dyslexia, and strategies for Universal Design for Learning.ResultsAlthough the research literature that deals with visual-spatial affordances associated with dyslexia is limited, there is significant evidence that a strengths-based approach to learning experience design can be leveraged by practitioners to improve student self-development, motivation, and academic outcomes.ConclusionWe find that further research is needed to explore strengths associated with dyslexia and argue that a shift in mindset from the deficit view toward the neurodiversity view is required to build the capacity of students with dyslexia to thrive in learning and life.
Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management and Treatment of Anal Dysplasia
Authors: Douaiher Jeffrey , Langenfeld Sean 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) has been increasing over the years. AIN acts as a precursor lesion for anal squamous cell cancer. Factors leading to progression of AIN into malignancy are complex and involve grade of the lesion, human papillomavirus and HIV coinfection, as well as patient-related risk factors such as immunocompromised state and men who have sex with men. The multifaced aspects of this disease make its management challenging, as it involves several disciplines including pathology, primary care, infectious disease, and colorectal specialties. Each of these fields brings its own expertize to the management of AIN, and their collaborative, coordinated work culminates into best practice and optimized outcomes in the care of the AIN patient.
Influence of Vasoactive Infusions on Body Temperature During Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Kanchi Muralidhar , Menon Prashanth 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction Unintentional hypothermia in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) under general anesthesia (GA) is a known complication. The wide sternotomy wound as well as low ambient operating room temperature further promotes heat loss. The changes in temperature could further be affected by the use of various vasoactive drugs by affecting the thermoregulatory response. This study is aimed to detect the temperature changes and the influence of vasoactive infusions on the temperature in the patients undergoing OPCABG under GA.
Aims The main purpose of this article is to assess the core and skin temperature changes during OPCABG surgery and to assess the effect of vasoactive infusion used intraoperatively on the core temperature
Settings and Design Single center, nonrandomized, open label, observational study.
Methods and material After informed consent and ethical clearance from institutional review board, 151 adult patients undergoing elective OPCABG surgeries under GA were included in the study. A common anesthetic protocol and warming strategy was used in all patients. The core temperature measured with a nasopharyngeal probe and the skin temperature measured at the palmar surface of the right index finger were recorded at induction, at 30 minutes intervals thereafter, and at end surgery. The demographic variables and the duration of surgery were also recorded. The type and dose of vasoactive agents used intraoperatively were also recorded. The study population was divided post hoc into groups and subgroups for further analysis.
Results All the patients showed a decrease in core temperature at end surgery. The temperature changes showed an initial exponential decrease in the first hour followed by a gradual decrease subsequently. The peripheral temperature showed a gradual increase from induction to end surgery. The temperature gradients showed a linear decrease with the core temperature and peripheral skin temperature reaching equilibrium at end surgery. The study population was divided into four groups depending on the type of vasoactive drugs received intraoperatively: vasoconstrictor (V), vasodilator (D), mixed vasoconstrictor and vasodilator (M), and no vasoactive drugs (N) group. The patients in the vasoconstrictor group had a higher core temperature at end surgery when compared with vasodilator group.
Conclusions OPCABG under GA results in decrease in core temperature. The decrease in temperature is exponential in the initial 1 hour followed by a more gradual decrease. The temperature changes are possibly affected by the vasoactive drugs used intraoperatively. The effect of vasoactive drugs on core temperature is higher when used during the initial exponential decrease in temperature. However, further adequately powered randomized controlled trials may be required to establish these findings.
Early-Onset Marfan Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Ardhanari Mohanageetha , Barbouth Deborah , Swaminathan Sethuraman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMutations in fibrillin 1 cause Marfan syndrome (MFS), an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue, with multisystem manifestations. In early-onset MFS, the physical characteristics are expressed much earlier than the classical MFS. Those affected by this form generally have their mutations restricted to the gene “hotspot” region of exons 24 to 32. Historically, affected individuals usually die within the first few years of life due to heart failure secondary to severe valvular insufficiency. We report three patients with early-onset MFS, whose clinical evolution has been remarkably positive, when compared with other reported cases in the literature.
Prognostic Importance of the Lymph Node Factor in Surgically Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tezel Cagatay , Dogruyol Talha , Alpay Levent , Akyıl Mustafa , Evman Serdar , Metin Serda , Baysungur Volkan , Yalcinkaya Irfan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background Patients with N1 non-small cell lung cancer represent a heterogeneous population. The aim of this study is to determine the difference of survival rate between subtypes of N1 disease in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer patients and to compare the survival in these patients with multi-N1 and single N2 (skip metastasis) disease.
Methods Patients who underwent anatomical pulmonary resection in our institution between 2007 and 2014 with a pathological diagnosis of N1 and single N2 positive non-small cell lung cancer were included in the study. N1 positive patients were divided into three groups as single hilar; single interlobar, lobar, or segmental; and multiple N1 positive patients. These groups were compared among themselves as well as with incidentally found single N2 patients.
Results A total of 1,742 patients who had non-small cell lung cancer underwent anatomical lung resection. The survival was better in single hilar lymph nodes than other subtypes of N1 disease (p = 0.015). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of survival between the other subtypes of N1 disease (p = 0.332). The difference in survival for single N2 disease compared with multi-N1 was not statistically significant (p = 0.054). Also, when we divided the groups as single and multi-N1, there was a significant difference in survival (p = 0.025).
Conclusion Single hilar lymph nodes with direct invasion have better survival rate than other subtypes of N1. Also, patients with multiple N1 positive lymph nodes have similar survival results compared with single N2 patients. Our results should be confirmed with larger series to better explain N1 disease.
Near-Infrared Imaging Using Intravenous Indocyanine Green at a Conventional Dose to Locate Pulmonary Metastases: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hamaji Masatsugu , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi , Minami Manabu , Date Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntravenous indocyanine green (ICG) has been reported to localize intra-abdominal metastatic lesions in several clinical trials. Our pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of ICG fluorescence localization in pulmonary metastasectomy using a near-infrared fluorescence thoracoscope. Each patient received intravenous 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg of ICG. The maximum diameter of the tumor on computed tomography ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 (median: 1.15) cm. Intravenous ICG injection localized pulmonary metastases in a portion (3 patients) of the enrolled patients. Our preliminary results provided us with important information to modify the study protocol.
Colloquialisation and the evolution of Australian English
Authors: Collins Peter , Yao Xinyue 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates whether colloquialisation – a stylistic shift by which written genres come to be more similar to spoken genres – has played a role in the endonormativisation of the grammar of Australian English, a variety which has long been noted for its penchant for colloquialism. The study tracks changes in grammatical colloquialism from the early 20th century against the historical backdrop of the progressive decline in Britishness in Australia and the pervasive effects of “Americanisation”. The data are derived from a suite of parallel Brown-family corpora representing British, American, and Australian English of the 1930s, 1960s, 1990s and 2006. Multivariate techniques are used to delimit 26 “colloquial” and “anti-colloquial” grammatical features from a set of 83 potentially relevant features, and to examine changes in their frequencies between 1931 and 2006, in the three varieties, and across the three major genres of fiction, learned writing and press reportage.
Variational pragmatics, responses to thanks, and the specificity of English in Namibia
Authors: Schröder Anne , Schneider Klaus P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the framework of variational pragmatics, the focus so far has been on L1-varieties of English, and the present paper introduces this area of research into the wider field of World Englishes. It presents first results from a larger questionnaire study on a number of pragmatic variables in Namibian English (NamE), a variety of English that only recently has aroused the interest of a number of researchers because of its unique history and complex variety status. The study employs methods successfully applied in variational pragmatics and describes the realization of responses to thanks in NamE in comparison to three L1-varieties of English. As the paper shows, NamE differs from these varieties in various ways. It argues that these differences, although possibly being more in degree than in kind, nevertheless index local Namibian solutions in the complex linguistic ecology of the speech community. The results of the study furthermore show that some of the results reported for the L1-varieties need to be reconsidered in view of the Namibian data.
What is natural in writing?
Authors: Meletis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNaturalness Theory (NT)is founded on the notion of naturalness and claims that when a linguistic phenomenon can be processed by humans with little effort, both sensomotorically and cognitively, it is deemed more natural compared to other, more complex phenomena. Drawing on evidence such as language change, language acquisition, and language disorders, various parameters of naturalness (e.g., biuniqueness, constructional iconicity) have been postulated, which focus on the phonological and morphological subsystems of language. This paper offers an outline of how naturalness can be adapted to grapholinguistic phenomena.Comparative graphematics(cf.Weingarten 2011), extended tocomparative grapholinguistics, is assessed as a method that can be used to reveal naturalness parameters which apply to both material (graphetic) and linguistic (graphematic) aspects of writing. The reduction of extrinsic symmetry across various scripts will be discussed as an example. By integrating these preliminary theoretical ideas into the framework of NT, it is demonstrated that so-calledNatural Grapholinguisticscould offer promising new insights as well as atertium comparationismethod for future comparative analyses of scripts and writing systems.
Towards non-statistical foundation of thermodynamics
Authors: Yu Zakharov A 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
It is shown that the irreversible behavior exists even in two-body system. It is due to the retardation of the interactions between the particles. It is established that a two-particle oscillator with a delayed interaction between particles has an infinite spectrum of both stationary and non-stationary oscillations, which depends on the equilibrium distance between the particles.
Supervised non-negative matrix factorization methods for MALDI imaging applications
Authors: Leuschner Johannes , Schmidt Maximilian , Fernsel Pascal , Lachmund Delf , Boskamp Tobias , Maass Peter 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a common tool for obtaining low-rank approximations of non-negative data matrices and has been widely used in machine learning, e.g. for supporting feature extraction in high-dimensional classification tasks. In its classical form, NMF is an unsupervised method, i.e. the class labels of the training data are not used when computing the NMF. However, incorporating the classification labels into the NMF algorithms allows to specifically guide them toward the extraction of data patterns relevant for discriminating the respective classes. This approach is particularly suited for the analysis of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data in clinical applications, such as tumor typing and classification, which are among the most challenging tasks in pathology. Thus, we investigate algorithms for extracting tumor-specific spectral patterns from MSI data by NMF methods.

Results
In this article, we incorporate a priori class labels into the NMF cost functional by adding appropriate supervised penalty terms. Numerical experiments on a MALDI imaging dataset confirm that the novel supervised NMF methods lead to significantly better classification accuracy and stability as compared with other standard approaches.

Availability and implementaton
https://gitlab.informatik.uni-bremen.de/digipath/Supervised_NMF_Methods_for_MALDI.git

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
High-complexity regions in mammalian genomes are enriched for developmental genes
Authors: Pirogov Anton , Pfaffelhuber Peter , Börsch-Haubold Angelika , Haubold Bernhard 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Unique sequence regions are associated with genetic function in vertebrate genomes. However, measuring uniqueness, or absence of long repeats, along a genome is conceptually and computationally difficult. Here we use a variant of the Lempel-Ziv complexity, the match complexity, Cm, and augment it by deriving its null distribution for random sequences. We then apply Cm to the human and mouse genomes to investigate the relationship between sequence complexity and function.

Results
We implemented Cm in the program macle and show through simulation that the newly derived null distribution of Cm is accurate. This allows us to delineate high-complexity regions in the human and mouse genomes. Using our program macle2go, we find that these regions are twofold enriched for genes. Moreover, the genes contained in these regions are more than 10-fold enriched for developmental functions.

Availability and implementation
Source code for macle and macle2go is available from www.github.com/evolbioinf/macle and www.github.com/evolbioinf/macle2go, respectively; Cm browser tracks from guanine.evolbio.mgp.de/complexity.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Elucidating the role of Agl in bladder carcinogenesis by generation and characterization of genetically engineered mice
Authors: Sottnik Joseph L , Mallaredy Vandana , Chauca-Diaz Ana , Ritterson Lew Carolyn , Owens Charles , Dancik Garrett M , Pagliarani Serena , Lucchiari Sabrina , Moggio Maurizio , Ripolone Michela , Comi Giacomo P , Frierson Henry F , Clouthier David , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmylo-α-1,6-glucosidase,4-α-glucanotransferase (AGL) is an enzyme primarily responsible for glycogen debranching. Germline mutations lead to glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII). We recently found AGL to be a tumor suppressor in xenograft models of human bladder cancer (BC) and low levels of AGL expression in BC are associated with poor patient prognosis. However, the impact of low AGL expression on the susceptibility of normal bladder to carcinogenesis is unknown. We address this gap by developing a germline Agl knockout (Agl−/−) mouse that recapitulates biochemical and histological features of GSDIII. Agl−/− mice exposed to N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) had a higher BC incidence compared with wild-type mice (Agl+/+). To determine if the increased BC incidence observed was due to decreased Agl expression in the urothelium specifically, we developed a urothelium-specific conditional Agl knockout (Aglcko) mouse using a Uroplakin II-Cre allele. BBN-induced carcinogenesis experiments repeated in Aglcko mice revealed that Aglcko mice had a higher BC incidence than control (Aglfl/fl) mice. RNA sequencing revealed that tumors from Agl−/− mice had 19 differentially expressed genes compared with control mice. An ‘Agl Loss’ gene signature was developed and found to successfully stratify normal and tumor samples in two BC patient datasets. These results support the role of AGL loss in promoting carcinogenesis and provide a rationale for evaluating Agl expression levels, or Agl Loss gene signature scores, in normal urothelium of populations at risk of BC development such as older male smokers.