bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Clinically Available Closed-loop Systems for Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Tschopp M. , Lovis C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective To provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of closedloop systems in the field of mechanical ventilation.
Methods This survey is reviewing the literature and proposes an overview of existing closed-loop systems, in different areas of mechanical ventilation. It discusses the key points that guided their development and addresses specific issues such as their performance and penetration at the bedside.
Results Much research has been undertaken in the hope of improving patient-ventilator interaction and shortening the weaning process. This led to the development of new modes of ventilation and expert weaning systems that are starting to achieve a wider clinical audience.
Conclusion Intensive care unit personnel are facing increasing work load during care for patients with severe, multi-system illness, using sophisticated equipments that generate high information flows requiring quick processing. Mechanical ventilation is a good example of a process that requires skilful and timely management of multiple parameters that could be delegated to closed-loop systems. Availability of commercial offerings, validated by randomized controlled trials in a well-defined set of clinical situations, is starting to fulfill the promise of intelligent systems skillfully assisting caregivers at the bedside.
Sensors, Medical Images and Signal Processing:
Authors: Depeursinge A. , Müller H. ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of medical sensor, signal and imaging informatics.
Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA (International Medical Informatics Association) Yearbook 2009.
Results Current research in the field of sensors, signal, and imaging informatics is characterized by theoretically sound techniques and evaluations with focus in imaging informatics.
Conclusions The best paper selection of articles on sensors, signal, and imaging informatics shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning theoretically sound original development in this field. Imaging and particularly multi-dimensional imaging has had in 2008 by far the largest number of publications compared to signals and sensors.
Towards Health Informatics 3.0. Editorial
Authors: Kulikowski Casimir , Geissbuhler Antoine 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo provide an editorial introduction to the 2011 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors.A brief overview of the main theme, and an outline of the purposes, contents, format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2011 IMIA Yearbook.This 2011 issue of the IMIA Yearbook highlights important developments in the development of Web 3.0 capabilities that are increasing in Health Informatics, impacting the activities in research, education and practice in this interdisciplinary field. There has been steady progress towards introducing semantics into informatics systems through more sophisticated representations of knowledge in their underlying information. Health Informatics 3.0 capabilities are identified from the recent literature, illustrated by selected papers published during the past 12 months, and articles reported by IMIA Working Groups.Surveys of the main research sub-fields in biomedical informatics in the Yearbook provide an overview of progress and current challenges across the spectrum of the discipline, focusing on Web 3.0 challenges and opportunities.
Experience in the Use of Social Media in Medical and Health Education
Authors: Bamidis P. D. , Eysenbach G. , Hansen M. , Cabrer M. , Paton C. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySocial media are online tools that allow collaboration and community building. Succinctly, they can be described as applications where “users add value”. This paper aims to show how five educators have used social media tools in medical and health education to attempt to add value to the education they provide.We conducted a review of the literature about the use of social media tools in medical and health education. Each of the authors reported on their use of social media in their educational projects and collaborated on a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to delivering educational projects.We found little empirical evidence to support the use of social media tools in medical and health education. Social media are, however, a rapidly evolving range of tools, websites and online experiences and it is likely that the topic is too broad to draw definitive conclusions from any particular study. As practitioners in the use of social media, we have recognised how difficult it is to create evidence of effectiveness and have therefore presented only our anecdotal opinions based on our personal experiences of using social media in our educational projects.The authors feel confident in recommending that other educators use social media in their educational projects. Social media appear to have unique advantages over non-social educational tools. The learning experience appears to be enhanced by the ability of students to virtually build connections, make friends and find mentors. Creating a scientific analysis of why these connections enhance learning is difficult, but anecdotal and preliminary survey evidence appears to be positive and our experience reflects the hypothesis that learning is, at heart, a social activity.
A Biomedical Informatics Perspective on Human Factors - How Human Factors Influence Information Technology Adoption
Authors: Meyer R. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Human Factors
Published: March 2018

Summaryto select and summarize excellent research published in 2010 in the field of bio-medical informatics human factors.we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in this field, from a selection of worldwide research papers published during 2010.this year again, healthcare information technology (HIT) adoption occupies a central role in the field and leads to research focused mainly on measuring impact and factors influencing it. One of the selected papers especially dissects the anatomy of a nationwide personal electronic health record adoption failure.Due to the vast and increasing amount of excellent works, choosing the best papers in human factors is a challenge. More and more the published work takes into account fundamental principles expressed in Grudin’s Laws, one form of which is: “When those who beneût from a technology are not those who do the work, then the technology is likely to fail or be subverted.”.
The Role of Social Media for Patients and Consumer Health
Authors: Siek K. A. , Fernandez-Luque L. , Tange H. , Chhanabhai P. , Li S. Y. W. , Elkin P. L. , Arjabi A. , Walczowski L. , Ang C. S. , Eysenbach G. , Lau A. Y. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo provide an overview on social media for consumers and patients in areas of health behaviours and outcomes.A directed review of recent literature.We discuss the limitations and challenges of social media, ranging from social network sites (SNSs), computer games, mobile applications, to online videos. An overview of current users of social media (Generation Y), and potential users (such as low socioeconomic status and the chronically ill populations) is also presented. Future directions in social media research are also discussed.We encouragethe health informaticscommunity to consider the socioeconomic class, age, culture, and literacy level of their populations, and select an appropriate medium and platform when designing social networkedinterventionsforhealth.Little isknown about the impact of second-hand experiences faciliated by social media, nor the quality and safety of social networks on health. Methodologies and theories from human computer interaction, human factors engineering and psychology may help guide the challenges in design-ingand evaluatingsocial networkedinterventionsforhealth. Further, by analysing how people search and navigate social media for health purposes, infodemiology and infoveillance are promising areas of research that should provide valuable insights on present and emergening health behaviours on a population scale.
„Letztmittel“, „Bewährte Indikationen“ und die „Wiener Schule“ nach Mathias Dorcsi
Authors: Drexler Leopold 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von den „Letztmitteln“ („Endmitteln“) in den „Bewährten Indikationen“ sollen hier Hintergründe, Entstehung, Zusammenhänge und das Ziel der „Wiener Schule der Homöopathie von Mathias Dorcsi“ aufgezeigt werden. Insbesondere werden die „Bewährten Indikationen“, das „Kleine Symptomenverzeichnis“ besprochen. Es werden die Themen Lern- und Lehrbarkeit, Konstitution sowie Stellung der Homöopathie als ein Teil einer erweiterten Medizin behandelt.
Die Quaternität
Authors: Winter Norbert 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Dialog des Physikers Wolfgang Pauli und des Psychologen C. G. Jung warf Licht auf parallele Denkmuster, die einerseits bei Autoren der Früh-Renaissance erkennbar waren und die sich andererseits für das Verständnis der modernen Physik als notwendig erwiesen. Diese Denkmuster weisen gegenüber dem der Klassischen Physik eine Erweiterung auf, die einen Wirkzusammenhang jenseits dessen der Kausalität nahelegt – vorläufig als Akausalität bezeichnet. Um das Gefüge von kausalen und akausalen Strukturen zu veranschaulichen, entwarfen Pauli und Jung nach langem Ringen das Modell der Quaternität, die beiden Aspekten Rechnung tragen kann und somit einen Rahmen für physikalische, aber auch psychische Vorgänge und deren Wechselwirkung bieten kann.
Serologic detection ofBrachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriaeinfections
Authors: La T. , Hampson D.J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSwine dysentery (SD) caused by the intestinal spirocheteBrachyspira hyodysenteriaeis an economically important disease in pig-producing countries throughout the world. To date, no specific serologic assay is commercially available for the diagnosis of pigs with SD. Several serologic techniques have been identified in the past; however, these tests have all used either whole-cell proteins or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the antigen. Whole-cell antigens are plagued with false-positive reactions due to cross-reactivity with common proteins shared with other spirochetes. LPS antigens produce fewer false-positives; however, false-negatives may result due to LPS components being serogroup-specific. Generally, these techniques are useful for detecting infected herds, but are unreliable for the detection of individual infected pigs. In order to develop improved serologic tests it will be necessary to identify suitable diagnostic antigens, in particular immunogenic cell-surface structures which are specific toB. hyodysenteriaebut common amongst different strains of the species. Recently, we identified and cloned a 30-kDa outer membrane lipoprotein (BmpB) which is specific toB. hyodysenteriaeand is recognized by experimentally and naturally infected pigs. In this review we summarize the available serologic tests for SD, and speculate on the use of recombinant BmpB as an antigen for future development of an improved serologic test for SD diagnosis.
Brachyspiraspp. (Serpulinaspp.) in birds: a review and results from a study of Swedish game birds
Authors: Jansson Désirée S. , Bröjer Caroline , Gavier-Widén Dolores , Gunnarsson Anders , Fellström Claes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOnly limited data concerning the prevalence of intestinal spirochetes are available in game birds. This paper describes the prevalence and biochemical reactions of spirochetes isolated from 25 common partridges, 7 pheasants and 16 mallards originating from nine Swedish game-bird farms. The birds, which had been submitted for post-mortem examination due to various problems, showed a variety of underlying diseases. Additionally, fecal droppings from 22 common partridges, 20 pheasants and 20 mallards obtained at one of the farms were included in the study. Intestinal spirochetes were isolated from 85.4% of the game birds and from 71% of the fecal droppings. Seven biochemical types were identified. Seventeen per cent of all isolates were classified as Brachyspira pilosicoli and 3% as B. intermedia. One isolate showed strong -hemolysis and a positive indole reaction that is consistent with B. hyodysenteriae. In addition, three previously unknown biochemical types were found. Unclassified spirochetes in presumed mixed cultures were observed in 21% of all samples of fecal droppings. Histologic examination of spirochete-positive birds revealed numerous spirochetes in the lumen and crypts of the cecum, in some cases densely adhered by one end to the luminal surface. The significance of the findings is discussed.
Identification of virulence attributes of gastrointestinalEscherichia coliisolates of veterinary significance
Authors: DebRoy Chitrita , Maddox Carol W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe pathogenic strains ofEscherichia colirecovered from the intestinal tract of animals fall into categories called enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enterohemorrhagic and necrotoxigenic. The other two categories, enteroinvasive and enteroaggregative, have not been reported in animals. The pathogenicity of these strains is determined by the presence of certain genes that encode adhesins and toxins, are generally organized in large blocks in chromosomes, large plasmids or phages, and are often transmitted horizontally between strains. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the virulence attributes that determine the pathogenic potential ofE. colistrains and the methods available to assess the virulence of the strains. We also discuss the clinical symptoms, the gross and histological lesions, and the molecular diagnostic methods our laboratories have implemented for detecting pathogenic strains ofE. colithat are isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals.
Regulation of the circadian rhythmic expression of Sglt1 in the mouse small intestine through histone acetylation and the mRNA elongation factor, BRD4-P-TEFb
Authors: Yamauchi Hiroyuki , Honma Kazue , Mochizuki Kazuki , Goda Toshinao 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Jejunal sodium/glucose co-transporter (Sglt1) displays circadian expression. The jejunum was collected every 4 h from mice, and we examined histone acetylation and binding of bromodomain-containing protein-4 (BRD4) around of the gene. Histone acetylation increased in the transcribed region of Sglt1 prior to induction of the gene. Furthermore, the binding of mRNA elongation factor around the gene showed circadian rhythm.
Non‐physical approaches to counteract age‐related functional deterioration: Applications for rehabilitation and neural mechanisms
Authors: Marusic Uros , Grosprêtre Sidney 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNormal and pathological ageing are associated with several motor impairments that reduce quality of life and represent a general challenge for public healthcare systems. Consequently, over the past decades, many scientists and physiotherapists dedicated their research to the development and improvement of safe and costless methods to counteract the progressive decline of motor functions with age. The urgency of finding new and easy to implement methods is even more paramount in case of acute pathologies (e.g. stroke or hip surgery). The frailty of older population makes it difficult or even impossible to use traditional physical therapy at an early stage after the occurrence of a pathology. To that purpose, non‐physical approaches such as cognitive training (e.g. memory, attention training) and mental techniques (e.g. motor imagery) have grown in popularity for the elderly. Such methods, involving individual and/or group exercises, have shown particular effects on increasing or maintaining cognitive functions, as well as physical performances. Improving the motor function (especially in older age) requires an improvement of motor execution, i.e. the pathway from the brain motor areas to the muscle but also higher cognitive control. The present work reviews different non‐physical interventions that can be used as a complementary approach by asymptomatic or frail older adults, and the effects thereof on functional performance. The use of cognitive training or motor imagery protocols is recommended when physical practice is limited or not possible. Finally, insights into the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are proposed.
A Matter of Choice: Printed Design Proposals and the Nature of Selection, 1470–1610
Authors: Brisman Shira 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the third decade of the sixteenth century, engravers began to frame booklets that offered examples of decorative images and objects with written explanations of their motivations for issuing the proposed designs. Prior to this use of text, earlier engravings by Martin Schongauer and Israhel van Meckenem employed vegetal motifs with severed stems to convey that their compositions were available for selection, drawing an analogy between the utilization of prints by fellow craftsmen and the process of plucking from nature. This vocabulary of extraction returns in the rhymed couplets and playful images of Christoph Jamnitzer’s “Neuw Grotteßken Buch” of 1610.
Framing the Early Modern French Best Seller: American Settings for François de Belleforest’s Tragic Histories
Authors: Campangne Hervé–Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article shows how François de Belleforest (1530–83) adapted a variety of historical and geographical sources to meet the demands of thehistoire tragiquegenre in composing three narratives set in the Americas. One recounts the destiny of conquistador Francisco Pizarro; another is the story of Marguerite de Roberval, who was allegedly marooned on a Canadian island; the third concerns Taino cacique Enriquillo’s heroic rebellion in 1520s Hispaniola. These narratives fostered a tragic image of the Americas that had a considerable influence on early modern readers, inviting them to ponder essential questions about European encounters with the American continent and its inhabitants.
Design tools for MPRA experiments
Authors: Ghazi Andrew R , Chen Edward S , Henke David M , Madan Namrata , Edelstein Leonard C , Shaw Chad A 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Genetic reporter assays are a convenient, relatively inexpensive method for studying the regulation of gene expression. Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRA) are high-throughput functionalization assays that interrogate the transcriptional activity of many genetic variants at once using a library of synthetic barcoded constructs. Despite growing interest in this area, there are few computational tools to design and execute MPRA studies.

Results
We designed an online web-tool and R package that allows for interactive MPRA experimental design encompassing both power analysis and design of constructs. Our tool is tuned using data from real MPRA studies. Users can adjust experimental parameters to examine the predicted effect on assay power as well as upload VCFs for automated construct sequence generation.

Availability and implementation
The MPRA Design Tools web application is available here: https://andrewghazi.shinyapps.io/designmpra/, https://github.com/andrewGhazi/designMPRA and https://github.com/andrewGhazi/mpradesigntools.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Allergin-1 on mast cells suppresses house dust mite-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice
Authors: Hitomi Kaori , Tahara-Hanaoka Satoko , Miki Haruka , Iwata Kanako , Shibayama Shiro , Kubo Masato , Shibuya Akira 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a prominent feature of asthma, how it is regulated remains incompletely understood. Allergin-1, an inhibitory immunoglobulin-like receptor containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), is expressed on human and mouse mast cells (MCs) and inhibits high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI)-mediated signaling. Using MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice and Mas-TRECK mice, which carries a diphtheria toxin (DT)-induced MC deletion system based on il4 enhancer elements, we demonstrate here that MCs are involved in the induction of house dust mite (HDM)-induced AHR. Further, we show that MCs deficient in Allergin-1 exacerbated HDM-induced AHR, but had no effect on airway inflammation. In vitro analysis demonstrated that Allergin-1 inhibited anti-HDM allergen antibody-dependent HDM allergen-mediated degranulation by MCs. Thus, Allergin-1 on MCs plays an important role in the regulation of HDM-induced AHR.
Stiffness Matters
Authors: Peterson Joshua M. , Chlebek Carolyn , Clough Ashley M. , Wells Alexandra K. , Batzinger Kathleen E. , Houston John M. , Kradinova Katerina , Glennon Joseph C. , DiRisio Darryl J. , Ledet Eric H. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design.
Real time in vivo measurement of forces in the cervical spine of goats following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Objective.
To measure interbody forces in the cervical spine during the time course of fusion following ACDF with plates of different stiffnesses.

Summary of Background Data.
Following ACDF, the biomechanics of the arthrodesis is largely dictated by the plate. The properties of the plate prescribe the extent of load-sharing through the disc space versus the extent of stress-shielding. Load-sharing promotes interbody bone formation and stress-shielding can inhibit maturation of bone. However, these principles have never been validated in vivo. Measuring in vivo biomechanics of the cervical spine is critical to understanding the complex relationships between implant design, interbody loading, load-sharing, and the progression of fusion.

Methods.
Anterior cervical plates of distinct bending stiffnesses were placed surgically following ACDF in goats. A validated custom force-sensing interbody implant was placed in the disc space to measure load-sharing in the spine. Interbody loads were measured in vivo in real time during the course of fusion for each plate.

Results.
Interbody forces during flexion/extension were highly dynamic. In animals that received high stiffness plates, maximum forces were in extension whereas in animals that received lower stiffness plates, maximum forces were in flexion. As fusion progressed, interbody load magnitude decreased.

Conclusion.
The magnitude of interbody forces in the cervical spine is dynamic and correlates to activity and posture of the head and neck. The magnitude and consistency of forces in the interbody space correlates to plate stiffness with more compliant plates resulting in more consistent load-sharing. The magnitude of interbody forces decreases as fusion matures suggesting that smart interbody implants may be used as a diagnostic tool to indicate the progression of interbody fusion.

Level of Evidence: N/A