bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Solvent‐Based Film Casting Method for the Production of Porous Polymer Films
Authors: Hossain Kazi M. Zakir , Felfel Reda M. , Ogbilikana Prince S. , Thakker Dhruma , Grant David M. , Scotchford Colin A. , Ahmed Ifty 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA single solvent‐based film casting process for fabricating porous polymer films is developed in this study. The porous film is produced by mixing concentrated polylactic acid (PLA)/chloroform solution (20 wt%) and fresh chloroform solvent is followed by film casting. The average pore sizes of the films produced are seen to increase from 2.1 (±0.1) µm to 6.4 (±0.2) µm with increasing ratio of concentrated PLA solution and fresh solvent from 1:2 to 1:4. Functional groups of PLA after casting into porous film are confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Cytocompatibility studies (via Alamar Blue assessment) utilizing MG‐63 cells on the porous PLA films reveal an increase in cell metabolic activity up to 8 d postseeding. In addition, these direct cell culture studies show that the porous membranes support cell adhesion and growth not only on the surface but also through the porous structures of the membrane, highlighting the suitability of these porous films in tissue engineering applications.
Empirical single sample quantification of bias and variance in Q‐ball imaging
Authors: Hainline Allison E. , Nath Vishwesh , Parvathaneni Prasanna , Blaber Justin A. , Schilling Kurt G. , Anderson Adam W. , Kang Hakmook , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe bias and variance of high angular resolution diffusion imaging methods have not been thoroughly explored in the literature and may benefit from the simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) and bootstrap techniques to estimate bias and variance of high angular resolution diffusion imaging metrics.MethodsThe SIMEX approach is well established in the statistics literature and uses simulation of increasingly noisy data to extrapolate back to a hypothetical case with no noise. The bias of calculated metrics can then be computed by subtracting the SIMEX estimate from the original pointwise measurement. The SIMEX technique has been studied in the context of diffusion imaging to accurately capture the bias in fractional anisotropy measurements in DTI. Herein, we extend the application of SIMEX and bootstrap approaches to characterize bias and variance in metrics obtained from a Q‐ball imaging reconstruction of high angular resolution diffusion imaging data.ResultsThe results demonstrate that SIMEX and bootstrap approaches provide consistent estimates of the bias and variance of generalized fractional anisotropy, respectively. The RMSE for the generalized fractional anisotropy estimates shows a 7% decrease in white matter and an 8% decrease in gray matter when compared with the observed generalized fractional anisotropy estimates. On average, the bootstrap technique results in SD estimates that are approximately 97% of the true variation in white matter, and 86% in gray matter.ConclusionBoth SIMEX and bootstrap methods are flexible, estimate population characteristics based on single scans, and may be extended for bias and variance estimation on a variety of high angular resolution diffusion imaging metrics.
Probing cardiac metabolism by hyperpolarized 13C MR using an exclusively endogenous substrate mixture and photo‐induced nonpersistent radicals
Authors: Bastiaansen Jessica A. M. , Yoshihara Hikari A. I. , Capozzi Andrea , Schwitter Juerg , Gruetter Rolf , Merritt Matthew E. , Comment Arnaud 
Published: February 2018

PurposeTo probe the cardiac metabolism of carbohydrates and short chain fatty acids simultaneously in vivo following the injection of a hyperpolarized 13C‐labeled substrate mixture prepared using photo‐induced nonpersistent radicals.MethodsDroplets of mixed [1‐13C]pyruvic and [1‐13C]butyric acids were frozen into glassy beads in liquid nitrogen. Ethanol addition was investigated as a means to increase the polarization level. The beads were irradiated with ultraviolet light and the radical concentration was measured by ESR spectroscopy. Following dynamic nuclear polarization in a 7T polarizer, the beads were dissolved, and the radical‐free hyperpolarized solution was rapidly transferred into an injection pump located inside a 9.4T scanner. The hyperpolarized solution was injected in healthy rats to measure cardiac metabolism in vivo.ResultsUltraviolet irradiation created nonpersistent radicals in a mixture containing 13C‐labeled pyruvic and butyric acids, and enabled the hyperpolarization of both substrates by dynamic nuclear polarization. Ethanol addition increased the radical concentration from 16 to 26 mM. Liquid‐state 13C polarization was 3% inside the pump at the time of injection, and increased to 5% by addition of ethanol to the substrate mixture prior to ultraviolet irradiation. In the rat heart, the in vivo 13C signals from lactate, alanine, bicarbonate, and acetylcarnitine were detected following the metabolism of the injected substrate mixture.ConclusionCopolarization of two different 13C‐labeled substrates and the detection of their myocardial metabolism in vivo was achieved without using persistent radicals. The absence of radicals in the solution containing the hyperpolarized 13C‐substrates may simplify the translation to clinical use, as no radical filtration is required prior to injection.
On structure preserving and circulant preconditioners for the space fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Wang Jun‐Gang , Ran Yu‐Hong , Wang Dong‐Ling 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWhen the implicit, conservative difference scheme with the fractional centered difference formula is employed to discretize the space fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, in each time step, we need to solve a complex symmetric linear system. The real part of the coefficient matrix is a symmetric Toeplitz‐plus‐diagonal matrix, whereas the imaginary part is the identity matrix. In this paper, a structure preserving preconditioner and a circulant preconditioner are proposed for such Toeplitz‐like matrix. Theoretically, tight bounds for eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrices are derived. Numerical implementations show that Krylov subspace iteration methods such as BiCGSTAB, when accelerated by the proposed preconditioners, are efficient solvers for solving the discretized linear system.
Prospective patient stratification into robust cancer‐cell intrinsic subtypes from colorectal cancer biopsies
Authors: Alderdice Matthew , Richman Susan D , Gollins Simon , Stewart James P , Hurt Chris , Adams Richard , McCorry Amy MB , Roddy Aideen C , Vimalachandran Dale , Isella Claudio , Medico Enzo , Maughan Tim , McArt Darragh G , Lawler Mark , Dunne Philip D 
Published: February 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) biopsies underpin accurate diagnosis, but are also relevant for patient stratification in molecularly‐guided clinical trials. The consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) and colorectal cancer intrinsic subtypes (CRISs) transcriptional signatures have potential clinical utility for improving prognostic/predictive patient assignment. However, their ability to provide robust classification, particularly in pretreatment biopsies from multiple regions or at different time points, remains untested. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive assessment of the robustness of CRC transcriptional signatures, including CRIS and CMS, using a range of tumour sampling methodologies currently employed in clinical and translational research. These include analyses using (i) laser‐capture microdissected CRC tissue, (ii) eight publically available rectal cancer biopsy data sets (n = 543), (iii) serial biopsies (from AXEBeam trial, NCT00828672; n = 10), (iv) multi‐regional biopsies from colon tumours (n = 29 biopsies, n = 7 tumours), and (v) pretreatment biopsies from the phase II rectal cancer trial COPERNCIUS (NCT01263171; n = 44). Compared to previous results obtained using CRC resection material, we demonstrate that CMS classification in biopsy tissue is significantly less capable of reliably classifying patient subtype (43% unknown in biopsy versus 13% unknown in resections, p = 0.0001). In contrast, there was no significant difference in classification rate between biopsies and resections when using the CRIS classifier. Additionally, we demonstrated that CRIS provides significantly better spatially‐ and temporally‐ robust classification of molecular subtypes in CRC primary tumour tissue compared to CMS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.02, respectively). These findings have potential to inform ongoing biopsy‐based patient stratification in CRC, enabling robust and stable assignment of patients into clinically‐informative arms of prospective multi‐arm, multi‐stage clinical trials. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Common misconceptions of suspension: Ideas and alternatives for school leaders
Authors: Green Ambra L. , Maynard Deanna K. , Stegenga Sondra M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe use of exclusionary discipline practices in schools has been well documented since the 1970s with the passing of the Safe Schools Act and implementation of zero‐tolerance policies. Despite research indicating the ineffectiveness of exclusionary practices, students continue to receive suspensions and expulsions at alarming rates. Additional research highlights that there may be misconceptions regarding the application of suspensions and their perceived functions and effectiveness on students and their families. The purpose of this article is to discuss common misconceptions regarding the effects of suspension and provide teachers, school psychologists, and administrators with proactive strategies for implementation in local systems to create positive school climates and optimize successful outcomes for all students and staff.
Deacetylation of Unactivated Amide Bonds in Heterocyclic Systems Using t‐BuOK
Authors: Yoo Minjin , Jung Kwan‐Young 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAcetylation is a simple process for the protection of the amine moiety; however, deacetylation of C–N bond cleavage is challenging with use of common reagents. We herein describe the advanced and detailed examples of direct, rapid, and efficient N‐deacetylation in heterocyclic system using the general inorganic reagent t‐BuOK at 20 °C. The N‐acetyl group in the heterocyclic system was cleaved 80% in 10 minutes and the reaction was completed within 30 minutes by using t‐BuOK.
Determining the Optimized Interlayer Separation Distance in Vertical Stacked 2D WS2:hBN:MoS2 Heterostructures for Exciton Energy Transfer
Authors: Xu Wenshuo , Kozawa Daichi , Liu Yu , Sheng Yuewen , Wei Ke , Koman Volodymyr B. , Wang Shanshan , Wang Xiaochen , Jiang Tian , Strano Michael S. , Warner Jamie H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe 2D semiconductor monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, WS2 and MoS2, are grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and assembled by sequential transfer into vertical layered heterostructures (VLHs). Insulating hBN, also produced by CVD, is utilized to control the separation between WS2 and MoS2 by adjusting the layer number, leading to fine‐scale tuning of the interlayer interactions within the VLHs. The interlayer interactions are studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and are demonstrated to be highly sensitive to the input excitation power. For thin hBN separators (one to two layers), the total PL emission switches from quenching to enhancement by increasing the laser power. Femtosecond broadband transient absorption measurements demonstrate that the increase in PL quantum yield results from Förster energy transfer from MoS2 to WS2. The PL signal is further enhanced at cryogenic temperatures due to the suppressed nonradiative decay channels. It is shown that (4 ± 1) layers of hBN are optimum for obtaining PL enhancement in the VLHs. Increasing thickness beyond this causes the enhancement factor to diminish, with the WS2 and MoS2 then behaving as isolated noninteracting monolayers. These results indicate how controlling the exciton generation rate influences energy transfer and plays an important role in the properties of VLHs.
Unraveling the Raman Enhancement Mechanism on 1T′‐Phase ReS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Miao Peng , Qin Jing‐Kai , Shen Yunfeng , Su Huimin , Dai Junfeng , Song Bo , Du Yunchen , Sun Mengtao , Zhang Wei , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Xu Cheng‐Yan , Xu Ping 
Published: February 2018

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides materials are explored as potential surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. Herein, a systematic study of the Raman enhancement mechanism on distorted 1T (1T′) rhenium disulfide (ReS2) nanosheets is demonstrated. Combined Raman and photoluminescence studies with the introduction of an Al2O3 dielectric layer unambiguously reveal that Raman enhancement on ReS2 materials is from a charge transfer process rather than from an energy transfer process, and Raman enhancement is inversely proportional while the photoluminescence quenching effect is proportional to the layer number (thickness) of ReS2 nanosheets. On monolayer ReS2 film, a strong resonance‐enhanced Raman scattering effect dependent on the laser excitation energy is detected, and a detection limit as low as 10−9m can be reached from the studied dye molecules such as rhodamine 6G and methylene blue. Such a high enhancement factor achieved through enhanced charge interaction between target molecule and substrate suggests that with careful consideration of the layer‐number‐dependent feature and excitation‐energy‐related resonance effect, ReS2 is a promising Raman enhancement platform for sensing applications.
Reusing process patterns in software process models modification
Authors: Hachemi Asma , Ahmed‐Nacer Mohamed 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProcess patterns offer proven solutions to reuse in process modeling. This reuse can take many forms; however, we are particularly interested in the form where patterns are merged with already existing process models to enrich or to correct them to satisfy certain constraints or to increase their efficiency.We aim through the present work to propose an approach that proceeds the merging automatically. The difficulty is that some conflicts may arise between the pattern being reused and the model being modified, resulting in an incoherent process model.We start this work by studying possible conflicts (especially that of first order), which can be encountered when merging, and then we propose an algorithm ensuring the automatic reuse and managing these conflicts. We highlight through a comparison the benefits of our proposal.The difficulty of patterns reuse to modify existing models gives rise to very few works in the literature. Our approach aims to offer a possible solution that ensures conflicts management. Automating such form of reuse will enhance patterns exploitation within the software community, as well as it will open many perspectives based on process models merging.
Optimum discrete design of steel tower structures using optics inspired optimization method
Authors: Jalili Shahin , Husseinzadeh Kashan Ali 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThis paper presents an optics inspired optimization (OIO) method for optimum design of steel tower structures with discrete variables. Inspired by the optical characteristics of concave and convex mirrors, OIO tries to solve optimization problem. In OIO, the surface of the objective function to be minimized is considered as a reflecting wavy mirror consisting of peaks and valleys. To generate a new solution (artificial image point) from a given solution (artificial object/light point) in the search space, it is assumed that the artificial ray glittered from the artificial light point is reflected back artificially by the function surface in which each peak is considered as a convex mirror and each valleys is treated as a concave mirror. Then, the artificial image point is formed by the theory of optics in Physics, and a new solution is generated in the search space accordingly. Numerical experiments have been conducted on 4 benchmark design examples with discrete variables, and the results obtained by OIO are compared to those reported in the literature. The results show that OIO can produce high quality solutions and show a relatively fast convergence rate.
Raise Reading Volume Through Access, Choice, Discussion, and Book Talks
Authors: Fisher Douglas , Frey Nancy 
Published: February 2018

AbstractReading volume is an important consideration for teachers wanting to improve literacy outcomes for students. The authors begin by reviewing evidence for reading volume and the ways in which reading volume can be changed. They identify four factors—access, choice, classroom discussions of texts, and book talks—that composed an intervention designed to increase reading volume. The authors identified 44 teachers in grades 1, 3, and 5 to implement the reading volume program and monitored the impact and implementation with classroom observations and teacher interviews. The impact was generally positive, with teachers describing changes in reading volume, motivation, writing achievement, and other factors.
Laparoscopic Versus Open Approach for Formal Right and Left Hepatectomy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Tozzi Francesca , Berardi Giammauro , Vierstraete Maaike , Kasai Meidai , de Carvalho Luis Abreu , Vivarelli Marco , Montalti Roberto , Troisi Roberto Ivan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic liver surgery is expanding worldwide, but further evidence is needed to assess safety and efficacy of laparoscopic major hepatectomy. The study analyzes perioperative outcomes of pure laparoscopic versus open major hepatectomies matched by the propensity score method.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2017, 268 major hepatectomies were performed of which 73 were laparoscopic. After a 1:1 propensity score matching, 59 laparoscopic right and left hepatectomies were compared to 59 open. The matching was based on age, gender, year of procedure, BMI, ASA score, underlying liver disease, previous abdominal surgery, type of hepatectomy, preoperative chemotherapy, number, dimension and nature of lesions. An intention‐to‐treat analysis and a per‐protocol analysis were carried out.ResultsMean surgical time was 315 min in the laparoscopic group and 292.5 min in the open group (p = 0.039); conversion rate in laparoscopy was 20.3%; blood loss was 480 ml (50–3000) versus 550 ml (50–2600), respectively, for laparoscopic and open (p = 0.577). Lengths of postoperative analgesia and hospital stay were shorter in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.0001 and 0.024, respectively). Postoperative complications occurred in 11.9% of laparoscopic cases and in 25.4% of open cases (p = 0.098). Median Comprehensive Complication Index was 26.2 (8.7–54.2) in the open group versus 20.9 (8.7–66.2) in open (p = 0.368). Per‐protocol analysis showed a better trend in favor of laparoscopy concerning surgical time.ConclusionsLaparoscopic major hepatectomies are safe and feasible procedures allowing a similar complication rate with a shorter hospital stay and diminished postoperative pain with respect to the standard approach.
Novel algorithms for 3D surface point cloud boundary detection and edge reconstruction
Authors: Mineo Carmelo , Pierce Stephen Gareth , Summan Rahul 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Tessellated surfaces generated from point clouds typically show inaccurate and jagged boundaries. This can lead to tolerance errors and problems such as machine judder if the model is used for ongoing manufacturing applications. This paper introduces a novel boundary point detection algorithm and spatial FFT-based filtering approach, which together allow for direct generation of low noise tessellated surfaces from point cloud data, which are not based on pre-defined threshold values. Existing detection techniques are optimized to detect points belonging to sharp edges and creases. The new algorithm is targeted at the detection of boundary points and it is able to do this better than the existing methods. The FFT-based edge reconstruction eliminates the problem of defining a specific polynomial function order for optimum polynomial curve fitting. The algorithms were tested to analyse the results and measure the execution time for point clouds generated from laser scanned measurements on a turbofan engine turbine blade with varying numbers of member points. The reconstructed edges fit the boundary points with an improvement factor of 4.7 over a standard polynomial fitting approach. Furthermore, through adding artificial noise it has been demonstrated that the detection algorithm is very robust for out-of-plane noise lower than 25% of the cloud resolution and it can produce satisfactory results when the noise is lower than 75%.
Highlights Introducing novel boundary point detection algorithm and spatial FFT-based filtering approach. Enabling reliable detection of boundary points and smooth boundary reconstruction. FFT-based edge reconstruction works better than polynomial curve fitting. Optimally smoothed edges facilitate the direct use of tessellated models for CAM tasks. The new detection algorithm tolerates out-of-plane noise. The reconstructed edges fit well the detected boundary points.
Resultados clínicos e de imagem da abordagem da lesão de Hill-Sachs pela técnica de remplissage na instabilidade anterior do ombro
Authors: França Flávio , Godinho André , Carneiro Leal Diego , Mantovani Mateus , Frazão Rafael , Mariz Ricardo 
Published: February 2018

ResumoAvaliar o resultado funcional da técnica de remplissage, a cicatrização da capsulotenodese do tendão infraespinal no defeito de Hill-Sachs, o grau de infiltração gordurosa do músculo infraespinal e sua força de rotação lateral no pós-operatório.Foram avaliados 25 pacientes com luxação anterior recidivante do ombro e lesão de Hill-Sachs com índice de Hardy maior do que 20%, submetidos à técnica artroscópica de remplissage com seguimento mínimo de um ano. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação clínica (escores funcionais de Carter-Rowe e Walch-Duplay, medição de amplitude de movimento e força) e exame de ressonância magnética no ombro operado.Dos pacientes, 88% e 92% apresentaram resultados bons ou excelentes nas avaliações funcionais pelos escores de Carter-Rowe e Walch-Duplay, respectivamente. Identificou-se diferença média de 1 kg a menos de força do membro operado em relação ao contralateral (p < 0,001) e diferença média de 10∘ em rotação lateral 1 e 2 (p < 0,001), novamente com o uso como referência do lado contralateral. Todos os pacientes submetidos a ressonância magnética apresentaram preenchimento de alto grau da lesão de Hill-Sachs pela capsulotenodese, assim como ausência ou mínima infiltração gordurosa no músculo infraespinal.A técnica de remplissage apresentou resultados bons/excelentes nos escores funcionais, apesar da perda discreta de força e amplitude de rotação lateral com significância estatística. Foram observados resultados excelentes quanto à cicatrização da capsulotenodese e ao preenchimento do defeito de Hill-Sachs.