bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Chloroplast genomes of Gynura species:Sequence Variation, Genome Rearrangement and Divergence studies
Authors: Han Tianyu , Li Mimi , Li Jiawei , Lv Han , Ren Bingru , Chen Jian , Li Weilin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Some Gynura species were reported to be natural anti-diabetic plants. The chloroplast genomes of four Gynura species were sequenced for hybridizations to improve agronomic traits. There are only 4 genera of tribe Senecioneae have published chloroplast genome in Genbank up to now. The internal relationships of the genus Gynura and the relationship of the genus Gynura with other genera in tribe Senecioneae need further researches.

Results

The chloroplast genome of 4 Gynura species were sequenced, assembled and annotated. Comparing with other 12 Senecioneae species, the chloroplast genome features were detailedly analyzed. Subsequently, the differences of the microsatellites and repeats type in the tribe were found. By comparison, the IR expansion and contraction is conserved in the genera Gynura, Dendrosenecio and Ligularia. The region from 25,000 to 50,000 bp is relatively not conservative but the 7 ndh genes in this region are under purifying selection with small change in amino acids. The phylogenetic tree shows two major clades, same as the sequence divergence in region 25,000 to 50,000 bp. Based on the oldest Artemisia pollen fossil, the divergence time were estimated.

Conclusions

Sequencing of chloroplast genome of the 4 Gynura species help us to develop abundant genetic resources. The phylogenetic relationships and divergence time among 4 Gynura and 16 Senecioneae species were sorted out by comparing the chloroplast genomes. The phylogenetic relationship of the genera Gynura and Ligularia is different with former work and further morphology and genome-wide analysis are needed to clarify the genera relationship.
Spatial interpolation approach-based appraisal of groundwater quality of arid regions
Authors: Moharir Kanak , Pande Chaitanya , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Choudhari Pandurang , Kishan Rawat , Jeyakumar Lordwin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The primary objective was appraisal of groundwater quality during pre- and post-monsoon seasons for irrigation purposes. Good quality groundwater is required for high crop yields in arid regions. A total of 45 samples were collected from wells and analyzed in the laboratory for this research work. Different water quality parameters were determined from these samples, namely electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium percent (Na%), and permeability index (PI) during the pre- and post-monsoon season. The water types were identified through a Piper-trilinear diagram. Fifty per cent of the water samples of the total basin area fall under the saline category. The local farmers heavily rely on groundwater for the irrigation of crops. Excess use of groundwater for irrigation raises soil salinity. Some parts of the study area are facing serious problems such as loss of crop yields, and low availability of good quality groundwater even for drinking purposes. The results highlight that the study area has a high salinity content (C3) and low sodium (S1). The maps for different water quality parameters were generated using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method in ArcGIS 10.3 software.
The Roles of Bursal Nonapeptide (BP9) on AIV Vaccine Immune Response in Chick Immunization and on Avian Immature B Cell
Authors: Zheng Yang , Zong Man M. , Chen Bo Y. , Zhou Xiao H. , Liu Zi N. , Zhou Guang F. , Chen Pu Y. , Feng Xiu L. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Bursa of Fabricius plays the vital functions on B cell development and
antibody production in poultry. The bursal-derived peptide plays the essential roles on avian
immature B cell development.

Objectives:
Here we explored the functions of the recently reported bursal nonapeptide (BP9) on
the antibody production and the molecular basis of BP9 on avian immature B cell.

Methods:
Chicken were twice immunized with Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) inactivated vaccine
plus with BP9 at three dosages, respectively. On two weeks after the second immunization, sera
samples were collected from all experimental groups to measure AIV-specific Agglutination
Inhibition (HI) antibody titers. Also, on 7th day after the second immunization, spleen lymphocytes
were isolated from the immunized chicken to detect the lymphocyte viabilities. DT40 cells were
treated with BP9 from 0.02 to 2 μg/mL for 4 and 20h to detect sIgM mRNA levels, and total RNAs
from BP9-treated DT40 cells were collected to investigate the gene expression profiles of DT40
cells, and to analyze the enriched pathways and functional biological processes. Finally, nine gene
expressions were validated with quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results:
Our investigation proved the strong regulatory roles of BP9 on AIV-specific HI antibody
titers and lymphocyte viabilities. BP9 promoted sIgM mRNA levels in DT40 cells, and upregulated
598 gene expressions and downregulated 395 gene expressions in DT40 cells with 0.2μg/mL BP9
treatment. Moreover, our findings verified the significantly enriched six pathways and various the
biological functional processes of BP9 on avian immature B cell. Also, we found eight signaling
pathways in the enriched biological processes of BP9-treated DT40 cells, and the expressions of
nine selected genes with qPCR were identical to that of microarray data.

Conclusion:
BP9 promoted the antibody production in the 21-old-day chicken immunization, and
stimulated the sIgM expression in DT40 cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the gene expression
profile and immune-related biological processes of DT40 cells treated with BP9, which provided
some new insights into the mechanism on immature B cell development, and provided important
references for adjuvant development on vaccine improvement and clinical application.
Chicken CATH-2 Increases Antigen Presentation Markers on Chicken Monocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Kraaij Marina D. , van Dijk Albert , Scheenstra Maaike R. , van Harten Roel M. , Haagsman Henk P. , Veldhuizen Edwin J.A. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Cathelicidins are a family of Host Defense Peptides (HDPs), that play an
important role in the innate immune response. They exert both broad-spectrum antimicrobial
activity against pathogens, and strong immunomodulatory functions that affect the response of
innate and adaptive immune cells.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate immunomodulation by the chicken cathelicidin
CATH-2 and compare its activities to those of the human cathelicidin LL-37.

Method:
Chicken macrophages and chicken monocytes were incubated with cathelicidins.
Activation of immune cells was determined by measuring surface markers Mannose Receptor Ctype
1 (MRC1) and MHC-II. Cytokine production was measured by qPCR and nitric oxide
production was determined using the Griess assay. Finally, the effect of cathelicidins on
phagocytosis was measured using carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex beads.

Results:
CATH-2 and its all-D enantiomer D-CATH-2 increased MRC1 and MHC-II expression,
markers for antigen presentation, on primary chicken monocytes, whereas LL-37 did not. D-CATH-
2 also increased the MRC1 and MHC-II expression if a chicken macrophage cell line (HD11 cells)
was used. In addition, LPS-induced NO production by HD11 cells was inhibited by CATH-2 and
D-CATH-2.

Conclusion:
These results are a clear indication that CATH-2 (and D-CATH-2) affect the
activation state of monocytes and macrophages, which leads to optimization of the innate immune
response and enhancement of the adaptive immune response.
Pengaruh Sistem Administrasi Perpajakan Modern, Akuntabilitas dan Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
Authors: Prima Putri Nelly , Tanno Aries , Kurniawan Rahmat 
Published: July 2019

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the modern tax administration system, accountability and tax sanctions partially and simultaneously on taxpayer compliance, especially individual taxpayers who have business and free work. This study used convenience sampling with 88 respondents. The results of the study show that the modern tax administration system, accountability and taxation sanctions affect taxpayer compliance partially and simultaneously.</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh sistem administrasi perpajakan modern, akuntabilitas dan sanksi perpajakan secara parsial dan simultan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak khususnya wajib pajak orang pribadi yang memiliki usaha dan pekerjaan bebas. Penelitian ini menggunakan convenience sampling dengan 88 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem administrasi perpajakan modern, akuntabilitas dan sanksi perpajakan berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak secara parsial dan simultan.</em></p>
Aktivitas Koagulan Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth.)
Authors: Perawati Santi , Andriani Lili , Pratama Septa , Humayroh Humayroh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK
Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth) merupakan tumbuhan yang tumbuh merambat mengandung zat aktif dalam bentuk metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, steroid, tanin, terpenoid dan kaya akan senyawa fenolik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak dan fraksi dari daun sembung rambat sebagai koagulan. Ekstraksi daun segar sembung rambat menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% , ekstrak etanol difraksinasi menggunakan metode ekstrak cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat dan n-butanol. Aktivitas koagulan diukur dengan cara melihat waktu terbentuk benang fibrin dan waktu henti darah pada hewan uji Mencit Putih Galur (Deutschland, Denkenand and Yoken). Ekstrak dengan dosis 60mg/20g BB mencit menunjukkan hasil aktivitas koagulan yang terbaik dibandingkan dengan variasi dosis lain dengan waktu terbentuk benang fibrin (77 detik) dan waktu henti darah (86 detik). Pada fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktivitas koagulan terbaik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak dan fraksi lain dengan waktu terbentuk benang fibrin (64 detik) dan waktu henti darah (86 detik). Ekstrak dan fraksi daun sembung rambat pada dosis 60mg/20g BB mencit memiliki aktivitas koagulan yang baik.
Kata kunci: Koagulan, Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth.)

ABSTRACT
Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) Is a climbing plant containing alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and rich in phenolic compounds. This aim was to determine the ability of extracts and fractions of sembung rambat leaves as coagulant. Extraction of fresh leaves of used maceration method with ethanol 96% as a solvent, ethanol extract fractionated used liquid-liquid extract method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Coagulant activity was measured by looking at the time of formation of fibrin yarn and the time of blood stops in theanimals test of White Mice (Deutschland, Denkenand and Yoken). Extracts with a dose of 60 mg / 20 g BB mice showed the best results of coagulant activity compared to other dose variations with the time of formation of fibrin yarn 77 seconds and blood stop time 86 seconds. The ethyl acetate fraction has the best coagulant activity compared to extracts and other fractions with fibrin yarn formed time 64 seconds and blood stop time 86 seconds. In conclusion, the extracts and fractions of sembung rambat have coagulant activity.
Key words: Coagulant, Mikania micrantha Kunth
PERAN PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ILEARNING PLUS DI UNIVERSITAS RAHARJA
Authors: Handayani Indri , Febriyanto Erick , Kristanti Citra Yulian 
Published: July 2019

Saat ini Indonesia telah memasuki era Industri 4.0 dimana perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) sangat pesat. Berbagai manfaat pun bermunculan khususnya dalam bidang Pendidikan. Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi memegang peran sangat penting dalam kecanggihan berkomunikasi. iLearning Plus merupakan inovasi metode pembelajaran Universitas Raharja secara jarak jauh dimana para mahasiswa tidak perlu datang ke kampus untuk melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran. Disinilah peran Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi sangat diperlukan guna kelancaran kegiatan pembelajaran. Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran sekaligus media komunikasi antara mahasiswa dengan dosen. Sebagai media pembelajaran Mahasiswa akan mendapatkan materi perkuliahan beserta latihannya melalui website tanpa perlu tatap muka dengan Dosen yang bersangkutan. Materi yang diberikan dapat berupa teks ataupun video. Meskipun tidak bertatap muka, komunikasi antar Mahasiswa dan Dosen tidak lepas begitu saja, Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi sebagai media komunikasi menyediakan sarana bagi Mahasiswa dan Dosen sehingga antar Mahasiswa dan Dosen masih dapat berkomunikasi untuk membahas materi perkuliahan yang masih belum dapat dimengerti oleh Mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang peran perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi pada metode pembelajaran iLearning Plus.
Dietary Biotechnological Ajuga reptans Extract in Post Weaning Piglets: Effects on Growth Performance, Oxidative Status and Immune Parameters
Authors: Corino Carlo , Prost Michel , Pastorelli Grazia , Chiapparini Sara , Rossi Raffaella 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation with a biotechnological extract of Ajuga reptans on growth performance, oxidative status and immune parameters was evaluated in post weaning piglets. At weaning, 120 piglets with an average live weight of 8.1±1.3 kg, were assigned to one of three experimental groups. The first group was fed a control diet (C). The second and third groups were fed the same diet supplemented with 5 mg (T1) and 10 mg (T2) of teupolioside/kg feed from a biotechnological plant extract. Growth performances were recorded and blood samples were collected at the beginning, at 14 days, and at the end of the trial (56 days). Serum biochemical parameters, oxidative status and immunoglobulin titres were determined. Average daily gain tended to be higher (P=0.057) and live weight was higher in piglets (P<0.05) fed with different amounts of plant extract (T1 and T2) than the controls. The production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) was higher (P<0.05) in the control group than in the groups receiving teupolioside (T1 and T2). Concentration of serum immunoglobulin of class G improved (P<0.001) in piglets fed the T1 and T2 diets than the controls. Overall, the results suggested that the biotechnological extract of Ajuga reptans containing teupolioside has an antioxidant and immunomodulant effect.
The Effect of Combined Feed Additives on Growing Pigs’ Performance and Digestive Tract Parameters
Authors: Nowak Piotr , Kasprowicz-Potocka Małgorzata , Zaworska Anita , Nowak Włodzimierz , Stefańska Barbara , Sip Anna , Grajek Włodzimierz , Grajek Katarzyna , Frankiewicz Andrzej 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine the affectivity of 4 different eubiotic preparations on the growth performance of pigs, microbial status, the integrity of intestinal mucosa, and some blood parameters. The experiment was conducted for 28 days on 48 male piglets allocated to six dietary treatments. Group 1 was offered a diet without eubiotic; 2 – a diet with acids mixture; 3 – phytobiotic, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and yeast; 4 – probiotic, MCFA, and yeast; 5 – phytobiotic, probiotic, acids mixture, and sodium butyrate; 6 – phytobiotic, probiotic, MCFA, and sodium butyrate. The average daily weight gains and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples, digesta samples, and ileal tissue samples were collected for studies. There was no significant difference in gain, feed intake, or FCR among the treatments as well as in the ileal and caecal pH value, microbial content, and total SCFA content in caecal digesta. Ammonia content in ileal digesta was significantly higher in comparison with other groups and in caecal digesta was significantly higher in group 6 in comparison with groups 1 and 2. Villi height was significantly higher (P<0.05) in groups 2, 3 and 6 compared to the control. Villi height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher (P<0.05) in groups 5 and 2, but the most promising effects seem to be from combinations 3 and 4. In comparison with control: in groups 2, 3 and 5 higher ALT, glucose and triglyceride; in groups 3, 4 and 5 higher total protein and cholesterol; in group 4 higher albumin and in group 6 higher BUN, were found. Generally, used eubiotic preparations affected gut morphology and some blood parameters but did not affect microbiota, pig growth or feed utilization.
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Cherry Fruits from Vojvodina Province
Authors: Prvulović Dejan , Malenčić Đorđe , Ljubojević Mirjana , Barać Goran , Ognjanov Vladislav 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) contain various phenolic compounds which contribute to total antioxidant activity. The present study was conducted to assess the antioxidant activity of 15 sweet cherry cultivars from Vojvodina province (north Serbia). The free radical scavenging properties of fruits were evaluated employing two different methodologies, including DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Strong correlations were found between total phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanins and DPPH and FRAP assays. In particular, cultivar Peter showed the highest antioxidant capacity and possesses the highest amount of measured phenolic compounds. This investigation shows large variability among sweet cherry cultivars in measured chemical attributes.
Distribution of the Invasive Species Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle Along the Danube River Banks on the Territory of Novi Sad
Authors: Meseldžija Maja , Dudić Milica , Stipanović Sonja 
Published: July 2019

Summary
As an invasive species, Ailanthus altissima (P.Mill) Swingle can pose a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to determine the distribution of A. altissima along the Danube river bank in the urban and ruderal areas of Novi Sad during the period 2017-2018. The level of weediness was determined using the European Weed Research Society (EWRS) method based on the investigated species count per 1 m2 (in 10 repetitions). A total of 7 localities with a widespread population of the species were identified and examined. The largest number of A. altissima individuals featured tree heights of up to 1 m, followed by trees of up to 10 m in height, whereas older trees exceeding 10 m in height accounted for the smallest number of individuals. The species examined was found to be predominant on chernozem and alluvial soils.
Electronic Nose for Pesticides: The First Study Towards a Smart Analysis
Authors: Leccese Fabio , Cagnetti Marco , Giarnetti Sabino , Petritoli Enrico , Orioni Barbara , Luisetto Igor , Tuti Simonetta , Leccisi Mariagrazia , Pecora Alessandro , Maiolo Luca , Spagnolo Giuseppe Schirripa , Ðurović-Pejčev Rada , Ðorđević Tijana , Tomašević Anđelka , De Francesco Eduardo , Quadarella Rosaria , Bozzi Luciano , Arenella Vittorio , Gabriele Pietro , Formisano Ciro 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Within a project co-funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the final aim of which is to develop a WSN for smart monitoring of pesticides on agricultural land, the Italian and Serbian researchers have developed a hardware section of an electronic nose for pesticides. Since there are no specialized sensors which can smell the presence or absence of pesticides in the air, the electronic nose has been designed starting from an array of commercial gas sensors developed for other environmental applications. These sensors have a great advantage as they are COTS components. A measurement bench for testing the performance of the system has also been developed. Experimental tests have been conducted and the results have demonstrated the appropriateness of the idea. A test for calibration has been designed, as well, and it will be performed in the near future.
Effects of the Low-Level Western Corn Rootworm Egg Infestation on Maize Plants in the Field
Authors: Popović Branka , Tanasković Snežana , Gvozdenac Sonja 
Published: July 2019

Summary
From the economic perspective, the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera sp. virgifera (Col., Chrysomelidae), poses the gravest threat to the field maize production in Serbia. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of WCR larvae on the morphology of maize characters during a low-level artificial egg infestation. A field experiment involving the Serbian cultivar ‘NS-640’ was carried out in Bečej, Vojvodina Serbia, in 2016. In the experimental field, a total of 96 maize plants were selected, marked and arranged in 48 pairs. Each pair consisted of an infested plant (WCR eggs injected in the root zone) and an uninfested plant (distillate water injected in the root zone). The number of leaves, height and stem diameter of the plants observed were recorded. Root damage and root weight were measured and evaluated at the end of the trail. For the purpose of statistical analysis, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and a correlation matrix were used. The statistical analysis performed indicate a highly significant difference in the number of leaves and plant height between the infested and uninfested maize plants examined in July (the third field observation). During the last field inspection, significant differences were recorded only between the stem diameters of the infested and uninfested maize plants. A negative correlation was found to exist between the root damage and root weight of the plant pairs. There were positive correlations between the stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves of the infested plants, whereas positive correlations were found between the root damage and plant height of the uninfested plants.
The Storage Efficiency of Immobilized Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain Using Encapsulation Method
Authors: Krznarić Dora , Lenkert Bernarda , Puljko Ana , Jurić Slaven , Vinceković Marko , Kajić Sanja 
Published: July 2019

Summary
There is a growing need for new formulations of carriers with better protection for bacterial inoculum. One of the newer techniques in inoculum making is encapsulation method. With this method, the whole bacterial cells are immobilized in defined space – matrix, where the cells are protected from environmental activities before use. Encapsulation of the inoculum was performed with ionic gelation method. The alginate-based microparticles (500-600 µm) containing viable B. japonicum strain were solidified in CaCl2. The initial number of viable bacteria in every sample was 9.0 log CFU/ml. Chitosan coated particles had a higher mortality rate than non-coated particles, with 1.3 log CFU/ml in lyophilized and wet microparticles stored at room temperature. High viability of B. japonicum was registered in wet particles stored at constant −20°C for thirty days with a viability rate of 8.84 log CFU/ml.