bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic constitutive modelling and mullins effect of elastic‐porous metal rubber
Authors: Zheng C. , Chen Y. , Liu J. , Xue X. , Zhang M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElastic‐porous metal rubber, commonly employed in dynamic environments, has received special attention nowadays. Utilization of equivalent metal rubber models in the finite element analysis becomes imperative because of the complexity of the spatial network structure and the extensive numerical calculations involved in it. In this work, the nonlinear characteristics of metal rubber are represented by hyperelastic constitutive models, and the Mullins effect is discussed. The relative deviations of the displacement‐load curve among the test results and three dynamic models are analyzed: the hysteretic Bergström–Boyce model, the viscoelastic generalized Maxwell model, and the nonlinear spring‐viscous damping element model. The results indicate that the damage value of the Mullins effect is positively correlated with the magnitude of the strain during unloading, and the performance degradation of metal rubber is weakened after multiple cycles. The time domain characteristics of the generalized Maxwell model demonstrate that the dynamic analysis of metal rubber at different frequencies have obvious deviations. The rate correlation of metal rubber affects the dynamic stiffness under different amplitudes This is reason that the nonlinear spring‐viscous damping element model is deviated. Regardless of the frequency or amplitude, the Bergström–Boyce model has been found to exhibit a lower relative deviation and match well with the dynamic experiment.
Broadband Filtering Antenna With Asymmetric Feeding Structure
Authors: Xu Juan , Lv Xiaoning , Gao Xiao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA compact highly selective broadband filter antenna with an asymmetric feed structure is proposed. The radiating patch of the antenna unit consists of a central elliptical patch and a pair of semi‐annular patches, and the antenna forms multiple coupling paths from the feed ports to the radiating patches to generate a radiation null (6.28 GHz), which achieves the roll‐off rate of 193 dB/GHz. The innovation of this design is that asymmetric L‐shaped branches of about half a wavelength are added on both sides of the microstrip feedline of the antenna to expand the operating bandwidth and generate a low‐frequency radiation null (4.66 GHz), which achieves the roll‐off rates of 164 dB/GHz. The simulated results show that impedance bandwidth is 23.8% (4.77–6.06 GHz) with the peak gain of 5.86 dBi, which size is 0.5λ0 × 0.5λ0 × 0.09λ0. Then, a 2 × 2 filtered antenna array is designed for experimental validation. The test results indicate that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna array is 21.5% (4.45–5.52 GHz), the in‐band gain is greater than 10 dBi and flat, and the out‐of‐band rejection level is greater than 20 dB. Attributed to the characteristics of easy and inexpensive manufacturing, the designed antenna has well application prospects in modern wireless communication systems.
Reliability of MScanFit Motor Unit Number Estimation in the Trapezius Muscle
Authors: Sørensen Daniel Mosgaard , Tankisi Hatice 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsMScanFit motor unit number estimation (MUNE) is the most recent MUNE method which has shown promising results in extremity muscles, but it has not been applied to bulbar muscles. Bulbar muscles are particularly important in the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and reliability of MScanFit MUNE in the accessory nerve and trapezius muscles.MethodsA total of twenty healthy participants were examined twice within 1–2 weeks. We extracted the MScanFit MUNE and size parameter, and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude values. The reliability of these parameters was assessed using the intra‐rater coefficient of variation (CoV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland–Altman plots. We also correlated MUNE values with CMAP amplitudes using correlation coefficients.ResultsMean MUNE values (Day 1 = 132.1 and Day 2 = 137.4), CMAP amplitudes (Day 1 = 9.71 mV and Day 2 = 10.10 mV) and size parameters did not differ between the two sessions (p > 0.05). CoV showed excellent reliability for MUNE values, size parameters, and CMAP amplitudes (CoV < 7%) whereas ICCs showed moderate reliability for MUNE values (ICC = 0.619), poor to moderate reliability for size parameters (between 0.393 and 0.689), and good reliability for CMAP amplitude (ICC = 0.864) There was no correlation between MUNE values and CMAP amplitudes.DiscussionMScanFit MUNE is applicable and mostly reliable in the trapezius muscle. Further studies in patients are needed to investigate the sensitivity of MScanFit in this muscle in detecting motor unit loss, particularly in ALS.
Associations between malnutrition and dehydration among older adults: A cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Heybeli Cihan , Uzun Ozcan , Smith Lee , Veronese Nicola , Rahmati Masoud , Hajek André , Soysal Pinar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is debate as to the association between dehydration and malnutrition. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between dehydration and malnutrition and their impact on geriatric syndromes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included older adults (≥60 years) who attended one outpatient geriatric clinic. Malnutrition was defined according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score (<17), and dehydration was based on a single calculation method (plasma osmolarity [Posm] > 295 mmol/L).ResultsAmong the 1409 patients studied, the prevalence of malnutrition and dehydration was 19% and 33%, respectively. The rate of malnutrition in the setting of dehydration was 18%, and the rate of dehydration in patients with malnutrition was 30% (P > 0.05). Polypharmacy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated solely with dehydration, whereas older age, a lower level of education, depression, and lower BMI were associated solely with malnutrition. Among patients with dehydration, there was a significant negative correlation between the MNA and Posm (P < 0.001, r = −0.20). Inversely, among patients without dehydration, the correlation was positive and significant (P < 0.001, r = 0.14).ConclusionA negative correlation was found between the MNA score and Posm in patients with dehydration, whereas the correlation is positive among patients without dehydration. This inverse relationship between the MNA score and Posm in patients with different levels of hydration is one potential reason for the lack of a significant correlation between malnutrition and dehydration in previously reported studies. Different risk factors of malnutrition may predominate in settings of dehydration vs no dehydration.
A prospective observational study on microbiological isolation in low‐profile gastrostomy's feeding extension sets in children on long‐term home enteral nutrition
Authors: Rodriguez‐Manchon Silvia , Sanchez Fernandez‐Bravo Carmen , Hernández‐Milán Belén , Cañedo‐Villarroya Elvira , Alonso‐Sanz Mercedes , Pedron‐Giner Consuelo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough reuse of enteral feeding equipment has been linked to risk of microbial contamination and risk of infection, there is a paucity of research in this area. Per the manufacturer's instructions low‐profile gastrostomy feeding extension sets (LPG‐FES) may be reusable for the same patient, but there are no recommendations on replacement intervals.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study to analyze and compare the contamination rate of LPG‐FES after 15 (T1) and after 30 days (T2) of regular use. We included children 2–18 years of age exclusively receiving long‐term home enteral nutrition (HEN) via LPG.ResultsWe included 17 patients with a median age of 5 years (interquartile range: 3–8 years). We did not find statistically significant differences in microbial overgrowth comparing LPG‐FES obtained after 15 or 30 days of use, although overgrowth was slightly higher in LPG‐FES used for 30 days (64.7% and 70.6% vs 52.9% and 58.8%). Every patient presented at least one positive culture, either in T1 or T2. Candida parapsilosis was globally the most frequent microbiological finding. We found no relation between duration of HEN and type of feeding and positive culture at T1 and T2. We found no symptoms of local nor systemic infection during the study period.ConclusionDespite the high rate of microbial overgrowth in the LPG‐FES, no patient had clinical symptoms of infection secondary to this finding. Microbiological isolation in FES may represent only a form of contamination without clinical implications, which raises doubts on possible LPG‐FES dwell times.
Inhibitory effects of the selective μ‐opioid receptor antagonist UD‐030 on methamphetamine‐induced conditioned place preference
Authors: Ide Soichiro , Iwase Noriaki , Arai Kenichi , Kojima Masahiro , Ushiyama Shigeru , Ikeda Kazutaka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough methamphetamine (METH) and other addictive substance use disorders are a major social problem worldwide, appropriate pharmacotherapies have not yet been discovered. Subtype‐nonselective opioid receptor antagonists, such as naltrexone (NTX), have been reported to suppress METH addiction, but unclear are the opioid receptor subtypes that are involved in this beneficial effect. To clarify the role of μ‐opioid receptors (MOPs), we examined effects of the novel nonpeptidic MOP‐selective antagonist UD‐030 on the acquisition and expression of METH‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) using behavioral tests in C57BL/6J mice. UD‐030 was found to inhibit both the acquisition and expression of METH‐induced CPP in a dose‐dependent manner, with effects comparable to those observed with NTX. These findings suggest that UD‐030 has the potential to mitigate METH‐related reward mechanisms and may serve as a promising candidate for MOP‐selective pharmacotherapy targeting METH addiction.
Current status and features of antipsychotic prescriptions in Japanese forensic psychiatric wards based on a forensic inpatient database
Authors: Takeda Koji , Kashiwagi Hiroko , Takanobu Keisuke , Kubota Ryotaro , Naoe Ryo , Yamada Yuji , Koike Junko , Kono Toshiaki , Kako Yuki , Hirabayasi Naotsugu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimPsychopharmacotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, there have been few large‐scale reports from multiple forensic psychiatric wards. This study aimed to clarify the current state of antipsychotic medications for MDOs with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Japanese forensic psychiatric wards.MethodsMedical information, including age, sex, psychiatric diagnosis, index offense, seclusion or restraint experience during hospitalization, and medication for patients discharged from 32 forensic wards nationwide between September 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021 was provided by the Database Scientific Utilization Project of Japanese forensic psychiatric wards. We analyzed the data of MDOs with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were prescribed psychotropic medications at the time of discharge, especially focusing on comparing differences between the three groups (clozapine, long‐acting injection (LAI), and other medications).ResultsA total of 362 MDOs with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were prescribed psychotropic medications at discharge. The prescription rates of clozapine and LAI were 23.2% and 24.9%, respectively. Additionally, the rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy was 37.8%. Among the three groups, the clozapine group had the highest rate of seclusion experience (46.4%), a long mean length of hospitalization (1758 days), and the lowest rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy (4.8%). Olanzapine was the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic medication.ConclusionThis study revealed the current state of antipsychotic medications for MDOs admitted to forensic psychiatric wards in Japan. Future studies are needed to clarify the relevance of antipsychotic medications in the prognosis of MDOs.
Human Mobility in NW Iran During the Early Iron Age (c. 1250–850 bce): The Strontium Isotope Evidence From Masjed‐e Kabud Cemetery
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Solmaz , Nobari Alireza Hejebri , Sołtysiak Arkadiusz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age is one of the most discussed topics in the archaeology of Iran. This includes the processes that led to the formation of the Mannaean Kingdom in the northwestern part of the country, which is considered a forerunner of the famous Median Empire. Here, we investigate the pattern of migration during the four centuries preceding the establishment of the Mannaean Kingdom. The 87Sr/86Sr values were measured in enamel of early developing permanent teeth (first molars and incisors) in a sample of 28 individuals of both sexes from Masjed‐e Kabud cemetery (modern Tabriz). Only two individuals have non‐local strontium isotope values; however, they might have been inhabitants of the region located just a few kilometers south of the cemetery. No evidence of long‐distance migration was identified, suggesting that the establishment of the early states in this region was not a consequence of migration, but rather of social development in the local population.
Moisture Sorption by Low‐Cost Pyridinium‐Based Protic Ionic Liquids: Kinetics and Physico‐Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Muhammad Sayyar , Najia  , Ali Zarshad , Aziz Samina , Hammad Khan Muhammad , Iqbal Maroosh , Hassan Umair , Khan Jalal , Ali Asad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report the synthesis of two pyridinium‐based room temperature protic ionic liquids (PILs), pyridinium bisulfate, [HPyr][HSO4] and pyridinium sulphate, [HPyr]2[SO4] and investigation of the kinetics of their water sorption behaviour and its influence on their density, ionic conductivity, and potential windows. The PILs were synthesized by the reaction of pyridine base with an acid, H2SO4, under solventless conditions, and confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectra. The appearance vibration bands in the 3095–3252 cm−1 range for −NH+ stretching in the FTIR spectra and a peak at a chemical shift of 8.439 ppm in the 1H‐NMR of the liquids confirm their synthesis as no such bands/peaks can be seen in that of the pure pyridine spectra. The PILs’ hygroscopic nature was examined by exposing them (5 mL each sample with exposed surface area 3.143 cm2) to air for varied time intervals at a relative humidity, RH=58±5 % and T=20±5 °C. Coulometric Karl‐Fischer (KF) titration was used to determine how much moisture each PIL sample absorbed at each time interval. The findings reveal that when the PIL was exposed to air for longer periods of time, more moisture was absorbed, and the results correspond well with the pseudo first‐order kinetic model. The densities and conductivities of several samples of the two PILs were examined, and it was discovered that as the percentage water content of the PILs grew, density decreased but conductivities increased. Furthermore, it was discovered that when temperature rose, the conductivity of each of the PILs increased, and the results fit well to the Arrhenius linear equation since the regression coefficient, R2, for each of the samples approached the perfect fit value of one. The electrochemical window (EW) data, the mechanism of moisture oxidation within the EWs of each PIL at Pt and Au electrodes, and the electrocatalytic role played by the Pt and Au surface oxides during ethanol oxidation are evaluated and discussed in light of their future sustainable energy applications.
A Blocked Mercapto Silane Functionalized Silica Decorated‐Aramid Nanofiber to Evolve Elastomer/Silica Composite for Energy‐Efficient Tire
Authors: Das Saikat , Bhowmick Anil K. , Chattopadhyay Santanu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn situ generated nanosilica particles were grafted onto aramid nanofibers while modified with a blocked mercapto silane (3‐Octanoylthio‐1‐propyltriethoxysilane). Nanofibers were derived from macro aramid fibers (poly (p‐phenylene terephthalamide)). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the direct condensation reaction between the silane's ethoxy groups and the nanofiber's hydroxyl or carboxylic groups forms SiO‐C bonds. Morphological analysis of nanofibers revealed the formation of nanosilica from unreacted residual silane on the modified nanofiber (A‐NM) surface. In situ silica formation caused SiOSi bond formation, according to the spectroscopic analysis. Styrene butadiene rubber‐silica composites with modified nanofiber additive were prepared. The bound rubber content and filler flocculation rate displayed an improvement in nanofiber dispersion and rubber‐nanofiber interaction after silane modification. Mechanical characteristics of the composites improved after rubber and modified nanofiber interaction, dispersion, and strengthening. The nanofibers evenly distributed during mixing, as proven by morphological analysis of composites. Incorporation of 1 phr of A‐NM increased tensile strength by 16% and abrasion resistance by 3.1%. Composite's rolling resistance indicator (6.2%) and winter traction indicator increased at high temperatures with 1 phr of A‐NM loading. This specialized filler decorated nanofibers could be used as energy‐efficient tire additives as an alternative to other trendy commercial materials.
Post‐Marketing Safety of Ustekinumab Based on 14‐Year Follow‐Up in Danish National Patient Data
Authors: Kim Sejun , Jensen Andreas , Egeberg Alexander , Stensballe Lone Graff 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposePsoriasis (PsO), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting a substantial proportion of populations globally, often necessitates systemic treatment including biologics. This 14‐year cohort study, based on Danish national register data, aimed to investigate the enduring safety profile of ustekinumab compared to other systemic psoriasis treatments.MethodsUsing comprehensive Danish national register data, this study scrutinized patients diagnosed with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who received ustekinumab. The treatment group comparators were non‐biological systemic treatment (non‐biologic), tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor medicine groups (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐17 inhibitors (IL‐17), and IL‐23 inhibitors (IL‐23). The study periods for comparisons were 2009–2022 for non‐biologic and TNF‐α, 2015–2022 for IL‐17, and 2018–2022 for IL‐23. Outcomes were malignancies, cardiovascular events, serious infections, and serious hypersensitivity reactions. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to analyze two estimands: a standard intention‐to‐treat (ITT) estimand and a continuous‐index‐treatment (CIT) estimand, which considered switch and re‐initiation of treatments within individuals.ResultsUsers of ustekinumab were found to be younger on average, with an average age of 45.1 years compared to 51.6, 47.2, 49.0, and 48.4 years in the non‐biologic, TNF‐α, IL‐17, and IL‐23 groups, respectively. Also, 57.3% of the ustekinumab users were male, compared to 46.7%, 48.9%, 50.9%, and 58.3% for the non‐biologic, TNF‐α, IL‐17, and IL‐23 groups, respectively. Although the hazard ratio estimates varied across comparators, ustekinumab was found to be safe: regardless of PsA status, no discernible safety signals in terms of malignancy, MACE, severe infections, or severe hypersensitivity reactions were observed for ustekinumab when compared to the treatment comparators.ConclusionsThe present study corroborated the enduring safety of ustekinumab in the context of PsO treatment.
Modulating structural, dielectrical and optical properties of PVA/methylcellulose/WO3 nanocomposites for energy storage and optoelectronics applications
Authors: Aldosari Eman , Atta M. M. , Henaish A. M. A. , Taha E. O. , Weinstein Ilya A. , Zhang Qinfang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/methylcellulose/WO3 nanocomposites with composition of xPVA‐(100‐x) Methylcellulose (MC)‐2WO3 (where x = 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, and 0 wt%) were prepared successfully by solution casting technique. WO3 nanoparticles were introduced with 2 wt% to enhance the dielectric performance of the PVA/MC blend. The effect of changing PVA/MC weight ratios inside the nanocomposites on the structural, optical, and dielectric properties were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–VIS, and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The intensity of the PVA peak was altered randomly with varying MC ratios in the nanocomposites, which indicated disruption of the crystalline phase of PVA. Among nanocomposites, 20PVA‐80MC‐2WO3 showed the highest electrical conductivity, highest dielectric constant, longest relaxation time, and the lowest optical energy band gap due to the increased amorphous phase and disorders. In contrast, 60PVA‐40MC‐2WO3 exhibits the lowest dielectric constant and lowest conductivity, because of its high crystallinity. The decrease in the real part of impedance (Z′) value was seen in samples containing both PVA and MC polymers compared with that containing one polymer species, which attributed to the rise in the proportion of amorphous regions, leading to increased mobility of the polymer chains. Nyquist plots of nanocomposites showed angled spike and semicircle combinations, which are the typical characteristics of ionic conducting materials. Our results show that nanocomposites' PVA/MC ratio may be adjusted for many applications like energy storage, radiofrequency, and optoelectronics.
Aztreonam–avibactam: The dynamic duo against multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative pathogens
Authors: Al Musawa Mohammed , Bleick Callan R. , Herbin Shelbye R. , Caniff Kaylee E. , Van Helden Sean R. , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance poses a significant public health challenge, particularly with the rise of gram‐negative hospital‐acquired infections resistant to carbapenems. Aztreonam–avibactam (ATM–AVI) is a promising new combination therapy designed to combat multidrug‐resistant (MDR) gram‐negative bacteria, including those producing metallo‐β‐lactamases (MBLs). Aztreonam, a monobactam antibiotic, is resistant to hydrolysis by MBLs but can be degraded by other β‐lactamases. Avibactam, a novel non‐β‐lactam β‐lactamase inhibitor, effectively neutralizes extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β‐lactamases, restoring aztreonam's efficacy against resistant pathogens. This review covers the chemistry, mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy of ATM–AVI. ATM–AVI combination has shown efficacy against a wide range of resistant Enterobacterales and other gram‐negative bacteria in both in vitro and clinical studies. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses demonstrate that ATM–AVI maintains effective drug concentrations in the body, with dose adjustments recommended for patients with renal impairment. Clinical trials, including the REVISIT and ASSEMBLE studies, have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ATM–AVI in treating complicated intra‐abdominal infections (cIAI), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by MDR gram‐negative pathogens. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved ATM–AVI for these indications, and further research is ongoing to optimize dosing regimens and expand its clinical use. This combination represents a critical advancement in the fight against antimicrobial resistance, offering a new therapeutic option for treating severe infections caused by MDR gram‐negative, including MBL‐producing, bacteria.