bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical stochastic model of detected target centroids: Influence on registration and calibration of terrestrial laser scanners
Authors: Medić Tomislav , Holst Christoph , Janßen Jannik , Kuhlmann Heiner 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The target-based point cloud registration and calibration of terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) are mathematically modeled and solved by the least-squares adjustment. However, usual stochastic models are simplified to a large amount: They generally employ a single point measurement uncertainty based on the manufacturers’ specifications. This definition does not hold true for the target-based calibration and registration due to the fact that the target centroid is derived from multiple measurements and its uncertainty depends on the detection procedure as well. In this study, we empirically investigate the precision of the target centroid detection and define an empirical stochastic model in the form of look-up tables. Furthermore, we compare the usual stochastic model with the empirical stochastic model on several point cloud registration and TLS calibration experiments. There, we prove that the values of usual stochastic models are underestimated and incorrect, which can lead to multiple adverse effects such as biased results of the estimation procedures, a false a posteriori variance component analysis, false statistical testing, and false network design conclusions. In the end, we prove that some of the adverse effects can be mitigated by employing the a priori knowledge about the target centroid uncertainty behavior.
The Entry of Randomized Assignment into the Social Sciences
Authors: Jamison Julian C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Although the concept of randomized assignment in order to control for extraneous confounding factors reaches back hundreds of years, the first empirical use appears to have been in an 1835 trial of homeopathic medicine. Throughout the 19th century there was a growing awareness of the need for comparison groups, albeit often without the realization that randomization could be a clean method to achieve that goal. In the second and more crucial phase of this history, four separate but related disciplines introduced randomized control trials within a few years of one another in the 1920s: agricultural science; clinical medicine; educational psychology; and social policy (specifically political science). This brought increasing rigor to fields that were focusing more on causal relationships. In a third phase, the 1950s through 1970s saw a surge of interest in more applied randomized experiments in economics and elsewhere – both in the lab and especially in the field.
Aerobic catalytic systems inspired by copper amine oxidases
Authors: Largeron Martine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The goal of sustainable development has been accepted as a common policy in current society. In response to this challenge, the development of green processes which utilize environmentally benign oxidants, reduce chemical waste and handling costs, is highly desirable. Given the widespread importance of imines as pivotal synthetic intermediates and essential pharmacophores in numerous biologically active compounds, various catalytic methods allowing the aerobic oxidation of amines to imines have been developed. Recently, noticeable progress has arisen from the discovery of various quinone-based catalytic systems, inspired by copper amine oxidase enzymes (CuAOs), which are able to reproduce the selectivity of CuAOs for primary amines and even to expand the amine substrates scope. However, the need for synthesizing these catalysts prior use adversely affects the economics as well as the eco-friendly nature of the method. To surpass these drawbacks, the “second-order” biomimicry idea has been recently advanced to describe a system in which in situ modification of pre-catalyst components affords the active biomimetic catalyst. This minireview especially covers our recent contribution to the design of bioinspired quinone-based catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of amines to imines which has culminated in a dual bioinspired protocol as an example of “second-order” biomimicry.
Psychological factors can cause false pain classification on painDETECT
Authors: Tampin Brigitte , Royle Jane , Bharat Chrianna , Trevenen Michelle , Olsen Lisa , Goucke Roger 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
The painDETECT questionnaire (PD-Q) has been widely used as a screening tool for the identification of neuropathic pain (NeP) as well as a tool for the characterization of patients’ pain profile. In contrast to other NeP screening tools, the PD-Q is the only screening tool with weighted sensory descriptors. It is possible that responses to the PD-Q sensory descriptors are influenced by psychological factors, such as catastrophizing or anxiety, which potentially might contribute to an overall higher score of PD-Q and a false positive identification of NeP. This study aimed to explore (i) the relationship between psychological factors (catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and stress) and the total PD-Q score and (ii) if psychological factors are associated with false positive identifications of NeP on the PD-Q compared to clinically diagnosed NeP.

Methods
The study was a retrospective review of 1,101 patients attending an outpatient pain centre. Patients were asked to complete the PD-Q, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). For patients who were identified by PD-Q as having NeP, their medical records were reviewed to establish if they had a clinical diagnosis of NeP.

Results
Accounting for missing data, complete datasets of 652 patients (mean age 51 (SD14) years, range 18–88; 57% females) were available for analysis. Based on PD-Q scoring, NeP was likely present in 285 (44%) patients. Depression, anxiety, stress, catastrophizing, BPI pain and BPI interference were all significantly related to each other (p < 0.0001) and patients displaying these traits were significantly more likely to have a positive PD-Q score (p < 0.0001). For patients classified by PD-Q as having NeP, only 50% of patients had a clinical diagnosis of NeP. Anxiety was significantly associated with a false positive classification of NeP on PD-Q (p = 0.0036).

Conclusions
Our retrospective study showed that psychological factors including catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, and stress were all influential in producing a higher score on the PD-Q. We observed a high rate of false positive NeP classification which was associated with the presence of anxiety.

Implications
Clinicians and researchers should be aware that a patient’s psychological state may influence the responses to PD-Q and consequently the final PD-Q score and its NeP classification.
On the Interpretation of the Heat of Transport of Substitutional Impurities in Noble Metals
Authors: Heitkamp D 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The heats of transport of several substitutional impurities (such as Sb, Sn, In, Ag, N i and Co) in copper and silver are discussed in terms of atomic quantities. They are considered as consisting of essentially two parts. The first one, the so-called intrinsic heat of transport, can be derived from the electrostatic potential generated by the impurity at the site of a normal lattice atom in excess over the potential of the host lattice. This interpretation is com patible with the therm­odynamic definition of the heat of transport. The calculations were carried out for fee lattices but, in principle, may be easily extended to other alloy structures. The second part, calculated by Gerl, is due to the electronic scattering potential of the impurities. From comparison of theore­tical and observed data of heats of transport one finds the agreement to be very good. This is taken to be an indication of the validity of the theoretical models used and of the vacancy mechanism as the dominating mass transport mechanism in these systems, not only in a uniform temperature field but also in a temperature gradient
Separative Fluodiffusion
Authors: Klemm A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Earlier work on fluodiffusion is discussed. General phenomenological equations for fluodiffusion are given. It is shown that in a Poiseuille flow of a molecular mixture, separational fluodiffusion is expected to be much bigger in the direction of the flow than perpendicular to it. Experiments with liquid lithium are reported. They show a clear isotope effect, but it remains a question whether this effect is due to fluodiffusion or to an interaction of the lithium with the iron in which it was contained
Die Moleküle H2, He2 und LiH im v.d. Waals-Bereich
Authors: Kockel B. , Wirsam B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Für möglichst einfach gewählte Zustandsfunktionen werden die Energie und die van der Waals-Konstante im Bereich großer Atomabstände bestimmt
Excimerenfluoreszenz von αNPO in flüssigem Methylmethacrylat und festem Polymethyl- methacrylat
Authors: Polacka B. , Szymkowiak H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der Fluoreszenzspektren von 2-(1-Naphthyl)-5-phenyl-oxazol (aNPO) in flüssigem Methylmethacrylat (MMA) und festem Polymethylmethacry-lat (PMMA) wird untersucht und die relative Ausbeute der Excimerenfluoreszenz K sowie die Halbwertskonzentration ch für die Löschung der Monomerenfluoreszenz ermittelt. Letz­ tere erweisen sich als fast gleich in beiden Lösungsmitteln. Daraus ist auf Excimerenbildung auch in der festen Lösung zu schließen
A new one-dimensional Cd(II) coordination polymer with a two-dimensional supramolecular architecture: synthesis, structural characterization and fluorescence properties
Authors: Zhong Kai-Long , Song Wei , Ni Chao , Cao Guo-Qing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A new coordination polymer [Cd(C10H8N2)2 (C10H4O8)]
n
(C10H8N2 = 2,2′-bipyridine and C10H4O8 = 2,5-dicarboxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structural analysis reveals that the CdII cation is coordinated by two 2,5-dicarboxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate ligands and two 2,2′-bipyridine molecules, forming a distorted octahedral CdN4O2 coordination geometry. The 2,5-dicarboxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate ligands link the CdII cations to generate a one-dimensional metal-organic structure running along the [0 1 0] direction. Adjacent chains are further connected by carboxyl-carboxyl O–H···O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a two-dimensional supermolecular architecture running parallel to the (1 0 0) plane in the solid state. The fluorescence properties of the complex were investigated.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Blast Furnace Cinder–Based Geopolymer-Solidified Pile Mud
Authors: Dong Yiqie , Zhou Min , Liang Anna , You Yiwen , Wang Zhongyi , Hou Haobo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
For evaluating the effect of the blast furnace cinder–based geopolymer solidified pile mud, the relationship of the solidified blocks between the compressive strength and the n(silicon):n(aluminum) (n[Si]:n[Al]), n(sodium):n(aluminum) (n[Na]:n[Al]) and n(water):n(binder) are fitted using the Box–Behnken experimental design, and the optimal values of the solidified block are selected. The mineral compositions, microstructure, and pore structure are determined through X-ray analysis, micromorphology, and static equilibrium adsorption test, respectively. Based on these experiments, the following conclusions are presented. The response surface model can well evaluate the relationship between the compressive strength and multiple factors. The theoretical maximum strength of the block is 1.90 MPa when the n(Si):n(Al), n(Na):n(Al), and n(water):n(binder) are 2.873, 0.706, and 2.329, respectively. The compressive properties of the blocks meet the requirements of the China Standards JTG E30-2005, Test Method of Cement and Concrete for Highway Engineering. Zeolite A, kröhnkite, rankinite, sidorenkite, and berthierite are formed through geopolymerization. The dense lamellar particles have disappeared into the microstructure, and the amorphous substances are clearly observed. The isotherms of the pile mud and the solidified blocks belong to Category IV with an H3-type hysteresis loop. The absorbance and the specific surface area (SBET) of the specimen in optimal ratio are 14.24 g/cm3 and 2.314 m2/g, respectively. The total pore volume decreases by 67.19–77.08 %. In the process, Si–O–Si and Al–O–Si are broken down during hydration, and polymers such as Si–O–Na, Si–OH, Al(OH)4−, Al(OH)52−, and Al(OH)63− were formed.
Measuring the Static and Dynamic Elastic Modulus in Y-TZP Ceramic Applied to Dentistry
Authors: Kavashima Lieca Hassegawa , Neto Vicente Gerlin , Bastos Natalia Almeida , Fortulan Carlos Alberto , Borges Ana Flavia Sanches , Pintão Carlos Alberto Fonzar , Foschini Cesar Renato 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal in the form of presintered commercial blocks is used to manufacture dental prostheses through computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology. Although it presents appropriate mechanical properties, it may fail because of defects resulting from the forming, presintering, machining, or sintering processes. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the influence of the presintering process on the microhardness of presintered blocks and on the elastic modulus of sintered materials. Blocks were formed by means of uniaxial and isostatic pressing. Next, they were presintered at different temperatures and soaking times, besides being subjected to the Vickers microhardness and mechanical tests to evaluate their elastic modulus. Statistical analyses showed that the presintering time at 900°C had no effect on microhardness, although it was significant at 950°C. The postsintering elastic modulus ranged from 205.7 to 231.9 GPa, which is similar to the range recorded in the literature. The presintering process had no influence on the postsintering mechanical resistance results.
Characterization of Creep Degradation of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel Using Magnetic Measurement
Authors: Zhu Lin , Liu Xinbao , Fan Ping , Yang Changlin , Liu Jianqiu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Microstructure evolution during the creep of a modified 9Cr-1Mo heat-resistant steel was characterized by a nondestructive method of magnetic hysteresis loop (MHL) technique at 893 K (620°C). Two parameters of coercivity and remanence were introduced to evaluate the magnetic properties of interrupted crept specimens. Experimental results suggested that both the parameters were significantly sensitive to the microstructures, such as dislocations, precipitates, and microcracks. During the primary and secondary creep stage, the coercivity and remanence increased with creep time, which was mainly attributed to the increase in pinned dislocations and number density of precipitates. However, because of the coarsening of M23C6 carbides and presence of a demagnetizing field induced by the nonmagnetic precipitates and microcracks, the coercivity and remanence decreased during the tertiary creep stage. It suggested that the MHL technique has great potential to evaluate the microstructure evolution during creep degradation of heat-resistant steels.
Multimodal Integration and Vividness in the Angular Gyrus During Episodic Encoding and Retrieval
Authors: Tibon Roni , Fuhrmann Delia , Levy Daniel A. , Simons Jon S. , Henson Richard N. 
Published: March 2019

Much evidence suggests that the angular gyrus (AnG) is involved in episodic memory, but its precise role has yet to be determined. We examined two possible accounts within the same experimental paradigm: the “cortical binding of relational activity” (CoBRA) account (Shimamura, 2011), which suggests that the AnG acts as a convergence zone that binds multimodal episodic features, and the subjectivity account (Yazar et al., 2012), which implicates AnG involvement in subjective mnemonic experience (such as vividness or confidence). fMRI was used during both encoding and retrieval of paired associates. During study, female and male human participants memorized picture-pairs of common objects (in the unimodal task) or of an object-picture and an environmental sound (in the crossmodal task). At test, they performed a cued-recall task and further indicated the vividness of their memory. During retrieval, BOLD activation in the AnG was greatest for vividly remembered associates, consistent with the subjectivity account. During encoding, the same effect of vividness was found, but this was further modulated by task: greater activations were associated with subsequent recall in the crossmodal than the unimodal task. Therefore, encoding data suggest an additional role to the AnG in crossmodal integration, consistent with its role at retrieval proposed by CoBRA. These results resolve some of the puzzles in the literature and indicate that the AnG can play different roles during encoding and retrieval as determined by the cognitive demands posed by different mnemonic tasks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe offer new insights into the multiplicity of processes that are associated with angular gyrus (AnG) activation during encoding and retrieval of newly formed memories. We used fMRI while human participants learned and subsequently recalled pairs of objects presented to the same sensory modality or to different modalities. We were able to show that the AnG is involved when vivid memories are created and retrieved, as well as when encoded information is integrated across different sensory modalities. These findings provide novel evidence for the contribution of the AnG to our subjective experience of remembering alongside its role in integrative processes that promote subsequent memory.
The Hemispheric Distribution of α-Band EEG Activity During Orienting of Attention in Patients with Reduced Awareness of the Left Side of Space (Spatial Neglect)
Authors: Lasaponara Stefano , Pinto Mario , Aiello Marilena , Tomaiuolo Francesco , Doricchi Fabrizio 
Published: March 2019

EEG studies in healthy humans have highlighted that alpha-band activity is relatively reduced over the occipital–parietal areas of the hemisphere contralateral to the direction of spatial attention. Here, we investigated the hemispheric distribution of alpha during orienting of attention in male and female right brain-damaged patients with left spatial neglect. Temporal spectral evolution showed that in patients with neglect alpha oscillations over the damaged hemisphere were pathologically enhanced both during the baseline-fixation period that preceded cued orienting (capturing tonic alpha changes) and during orienting with leftward, rightward, or neutral-bilateral spatial cues (reflecting phasic alpha changes). Patients without neglect showed a similar though significantly less enhanced hemispheric asymmetry. Healthy control subjects displayed a conventional decrease of alpha activity over the hemisphere contralateral to the direction of orienting. In right-brain-damaged patients, neglect severity in the line bisection task was significantly correlated both with tonic alpha asymmetry during the baseline period and with phasic asymmetries during orienting of attention with neutral-bilateral and leftward cues. Asymmetries with neutral-bilateral and leftward cues were correlated with lesion of white matter tracts linking frontal with parietal–occipital areas. These findings show that disruption of rostrocaudal white matter connectivity in the right hemisphere interferes with the maintenance of optimal baseline tonic levels of alpha and the phasic modulation of alpha activity during shifts of attention. The hemispheric distribution of alpha activity can be used as a diagnostic tool for acquired pathological biases of spatial attention due to unilateral brain damage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlpha desynchronization over the hemisphere contralateral to the attended side of space is a reliable marker of attentional orienting in the healthy human brain: can the same marker be used to spot and quantify acquired disturbances of spatial attention after unilateral brain injuries? Are pathological modifications in the hemispheric distribution of alpha specifically linked to attentional neglect for one side of space? We show that in patients with right brain damage the pathological enhancement of alpha oscillations over the parietal and occipital areas of the injured hemisphere is correlated with reduced awareness for the left side of space and with the lesion of white matter pathways that subserve frontal modulation of alpha activity in posterior brain areas.
The Neural Dynamics of Novel Scene Imagery
Authors: Barry Daniel N. , Barnes Gareth R. , Clark Ian A. , Maguire Eleanor A. 
Published: March 2019

Retrieval of long-term episodic memories is characterized by synchronized neural activity between hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), with additional evidence that vmPFC activity leads that of the hippocampus. It has been proposed that the mental generation of scene imagery is a crucial component of episodic memory processing. If this is the case, then a comparable interaction between the two brain regions should exist during the construction of novel scene imagery. To address this question, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of MEG to investigate the construction of novel mental imagery. We tasked male and female humans with imagining scenes and single isolated objects in response to one-word cues. We performed source-level power, coherence, and causality analyses to characterize the underlying interregional interactions. Both scene and object imagination resulted in theta power changes in the anterior hippocampus. However, higher theta coherence was observed between the hippocampus and vmPFC in the scene compared with the object condition. This interregional theta coherence also predicted whether imagined scenes were subsequently remembered. Dynamic causal modeling of this interaction revealed that vmPFC drove activity in hippocampus during novel scene construction. Additionally, theta power changes in the vmPFC preceded those observed in the hippocampus. These results constitute the first evidence in humans that episodic memory retrieval and scene imagination rely on similar vmPFC–hippocampus neural dynamics. Furthermore, they provide support for theories emphasizing similarities between both cognitive processes and perspectives that propose the vmPFC guides the construction of context-relevant representations in the hippocampus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpisodic memory retrieval is characterized by a dialog between hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). It has been proposed that the mental generation of scene imagery is a crucial component of episodic memory processing. An ensuing prediction would be of a comparable interaction between the two brain regions during the construction of novel scene imagery. Here, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of MEG and combined it with a scene imagination task. We found that a hippocampal–vmPFC dialog existed and that it took the form of vmPFC driving the hippocampus. We conclude that episodic memory and scene imagination share fundamental neural dynamics and the process of constructing vivid, spatially coherent, contextually appropriate scene imagery is strongly modulated by vmPFC.