bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of laccase production by Ganoderma lucidum in submerged and solid‐state fermentation using different inducers
Authors: Rodrigues Euderléia M. , Karp Susan G. , Malucelli Lucca C. , Helm Cristiane V. , Alvarez Thabata M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLaccases are multicopper oxidases with high potential for industrial applications. Several basidiomycete fungi are natural producers of this enzyme; however, the optimization of production and selection of inducers for increased productivity coupled with low costs is necessary. Lignocellulosic residues are important lignin sources and potential inducers for laccase production. Pinus taeda, a dominant source of wood‐based products, has not been investigated for this purpose yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of laccase by the basidiomycete fungus Ganoderma lucidum in the presence of different inducers in submerged and solid‐state fermentation. The results of submerged fermentation in presence of 5 μM CuSO
4, 2 mM ferulic acid, 0.1 g/L P. taeda sawdust, or 0.05 g/L Kraft lignin indicated that although all the tested inducers promoted increase in laccase activity in specific periods of time, the presence of 2 mM ferulic acid resulted in the highest value of laccase activity (49 U/L). Considering the submerged fermentation, experimental design following the Plackett–Burman method showed that the concentrations of ferulic acid and P. taeda sawdust had a significant influence on the laccase activity. The highest value of 785 U/L of laccase activity on submerged fermentation was obtained on the seventh day of cultivation. Finally, solid‐state fermentation cultures in P. taeda using ferulic acid or CuSO
4 as inducers resulted in enzymatic activities of 144.62 and 149.89 U/g, respectively, confirming the potential of this approach for laccase production by G. lucidum.
Seasonal rainfall forecasting for the Yangtze River basin using statistical and dynamical models
Authors: Qian Shuni , Chen Jie , Li Xiangquan , Xu Chong‐Yu , Guo Shenglian , Chen Hua , Wu Xushu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSummer monsoon rainfall forecasting in the Yangtze River basin is highly valuable for water resource management and for the control of floods and droughts. However, improving the accuracy of seasonal forecasting remains a challenge. In this study, a statistical model and four dynamical global circulation models (GCMs) are applied to conduct seasonal rainfall forecasts for the Yangtze River basin. The statistical forecasts are achieved by establishing a linear regression relationship between the sea surface temperature (SST) and rainfall. The dynamical forecasts are achieved by downscaling the rainfall predicted by the four GCMs at the monthly and seasonal scales. Historical data of monthly SST and GCM hindcasts from 1982 to 2010 are used to make the forecast. The results show that the SST‐based statistical model generally outperforms the GCM simulations, with higher forecasting accuracy that extends to longer lead times of up to 12 months. The SST statistical model achieves a correlation coefficient up to 0.75 and the lowest mean relative error of 6%. In contrast, the GCMs exhibit a sharply decreasing forecast accuracy with lead times longer than 1 month. Accordingly, the SST statistical model can provide reliable guidance for the seasonal rainfall forecasts in the Yangtze River basin, while the results of GCM simulations could serve as a reference for shorter lead times. Extensive scope exists for further improving the rainfall forecasting accuracy of GCM simulations.
Synoptic climatology of tropical and subtropical South America and adjoining seas as inferred from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite imagery
Authors: Satyamurty Prakki , Rosa Marcelo B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree‐hourly infrared, visible and water vapour channel satellite imagery from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite for the 15‐year period 2003–2017 is processed to obtain a climatology for the South American region. All major features such as the Intertropical Convergence Zones, the South Atlantic Convergence Zone, the Amazon Basin convection, the Atacama Desert and the Northeast Brazil semiarid region are well delineated. Seasonal migrations and shifts of cloud systems are obtained. The study reveals the precise locations and extents of convective regions associated with large scale permanent and semi‐permanent features. The double Intertropical Convergence Zone in eastern equatorial Pacific is discussed. Some hitherto unnoticed and little discussed features such as the coastal cloud inhibition near the southeastern Brazil region and a conspicuous convective region near the coast of the state of Para are found. The dynamical reasons for the formation of these features are postulated. This climatology should serve to validate different climate‐scenario models and Numerical Weather Prediction models, besides providing guidance to operational meteorologists of the region.
Two different antibiotic protocols as adjuncts to one‐stage full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement to treat generalized aggressive periodontitis: A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Araujo Cássia F. , Andere Naira M.R.B. , Castro dos Santos Nídia C. , Mathias‐Santamaria Ingrid F. , Reis Aurélio A. , de Oliveira Luciane D. , Jardini Maria A.N. , Casarin Renato C.V. , Santamaria Mauro P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the clinical and microbiological responses of amoxicillin + metronidazole (AMX + MET) versus clarithromycin (CLM) as adjuncts to one‐stage full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) in the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).MethodsFor this parallel, double‐masked, pilot randomized clinical trial, 46 patients with GAgP were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: AMX+MET group (n = 23): FMUD associated with AMX (500 mg three times a day) and MET (400 mg three times a day) for 7 days; and CLM group (n = 23): FMUD associated with CLM (500 mg twice a day) for 7 days. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3, and 6 months post‐treatment. The levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum from subgingival biofilm were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsBoth treatments significantly improved all clinical parameters compared with baseline and promoted a significant reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis counts (P > 0.05). CLM succeeded in decreasing T. forsythia at 6 months (P < 0.05), but no antibiotic was able to reduce F. nucleatum. There was no difference between the two protocols regarding the reported adverse effects (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results suggest that CLM is not superior than AMX + MET in the treatment of GAgP. However, this antibiotic led to good clinical outcomes and may be a possible alternative to AMX+MET in the treatment of severe periodontitis in young patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this statement (NCT02969928).
Evaluating economic resilience for sustainable agri‐food systems: The case of Mexico
Authors: Michel‐Villarreal Rosario , Vilalta‐Perdomo Eliseo , Hingley Martin , Canavari Maurizio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvaluating economic resilience from public data may inform agricultural policy‐makers on rural enterprises' resilience, but such data need to consider profitability, stability of market, safety nets, and product quality and information.
Effect of egg consumption on inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Sajadi Hezaveh Zohreh , Sikaroudi Masoumeh Khalighi , Vafa Mohammadreza , Clayton Zachary Stephen , Soltani Sepideh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is little evidence about whether eggs affect inflammation. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to explore the effects of egg consumption on inflammation. A systematic search of online databases (Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Scopus, Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane) was used to gather clinical trials that assessed the effect of egg consumption on circulating inflammatory biomarkers. Using a random‐effects model, pooled weighted mean differences (WMD) and corresponding standard deviations (SD) were calculated. Of the 21 eligible studies found, nine trials were eligible for analysis. Eight trials assessed high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), four trials assessed interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and five trials assessed tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Egg consumption did not affect hs‐CRP (WMD 0.24 mg/L; 95% CI: ‐0.43, 0.90; I2 = 53.8;P= 0.48), IL‐6 (WMD 0.20 pg/mL; 95% CI: ‐0.71, 1.11; I2= 69.3;P= 0.50), and TNF‐α(WMD: ‐0.38 pg/mL; 95% CI: ‐0.87, 0.10; I2= 0.00;P= 0.12) relative to controls. Overall, this meta‐analysis revealed that egg consumption had no significant effect on serum biomarkers of inflammation in adults. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A low‐profile high‐gain filtering antenna for fifth generation systems based on nonuniform metasurface
Authors: Park Jiwoong , Jeong Minjoo , Hussain Niamat , Rhee Seungyeop , Park Seonggyoon , Kim Nam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article presents a low‐profile filtering antenna based on nonuniform metasurface for fifth generation (5G) systems at 3.5 GHz. A crossed stub, slotted ground, shorting via, and the nonuniform metasurface is used to achieve high gain and filtering response in lower and upper stopbands. The antenna and the metasurface are printed on Rogers RO4003C (εr = 3.38, tan δ = 0.0027) and Taconic TLX‐9 (εr = 2.5, tan δ = 0.0019), respectively. Measured results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 3.24 to 3.8 GHz (15.91%) below −10 dB with a stable gain having a maximum value of 10.43 dBi and good radiation patterns. Moreover, this antenna passband satisfies the typical bandwidth required for the global 5G spectrum at the 3.5 GHz band. The gain drops significantly and the S11 goes up to 0 dB outside the passband. Due to the excellent filtering characteristics, the proposed antenna is a good candidate for 5G applications.
SmartPulse, a machine learning approach for calibration‐free dynamic RF shimming: Preliminary study in a clinical environment
Authors: Tomi‐Tricot Raphaël , Gras Vincent , Thirion Bertrand , Mauconduit Franck , Boulant Nicolas , Cherkaoui Hamza , Zerbib Pierre , Vignaud Alexandre , Luciani Alain , Amadon Alexis 
Published: July 2019

PurposeA calibration‐free pulse design method is introduced to alleviate artifacts in clinical routine with parallel transmission at high field, dealing with significant inter‐subject variability, found for instance in the abdomen.Theory and MethodsFrom a dual‐transmit 3T scanner, a database of and off‐resonance abdominal maps from 50 subjects was first divided into 3 clusters based on mutual affinity between their respective tailored kT‐points pulses. For each cluster, a kT‐points pulse was computed, minimizing normalized root‐mean‐square flip angle deviations simultaneously for all subjects comprised in it. Using 30 additional subjects' field distributions, a machine learning classifier was trained on this 80‐labeled‐subject database to recognize the best pulse from the 3 ones available, relying only on patient features accessible from the preliminary localizer sequence present in all protocols. This so‐called SmartPulse process was experimentally tested on an additional 53‐subject set and compared with other pulse types: vendor's hard calibration‐free dual excitation, tailored static radiofrequency shimming, universal and tailored kT‐points pulses.ResultsSmartPulse outperformed both calibration‐free approaches. Tailored static radiofrequency shimming yielded similar flip angle homogeneity for most patients but broke down for some while SmartPulse remained robust. Although flip angle homogeneity was systematically better with tailored kT‐points, the difference was barely noticeable on in vivo images.ConclusionThe proposed method paves the way toward an efficient trade‐off between tailored and universal pulse design approaches for large inter‐subject variability. With no need for on‐line field mapping or pulse design, it can fit seamlessly into a clinical protocol.
Successful treatment with eculizumab for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to underlying transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy in patients transplanted for sickle cell disease
Authors: Bhunia Nabanita , Abu‐Arja Rolla , Bajwa Rajinder P.S. , Auletta Jeffery J. , Rangarajan Hemalatha G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPreexisting endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury sustained during allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) increases risk for endothelial injury‐related complications such as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We report two patients with SCD who developed PRES following allogeneic HCT. In both patients, PRES‐related symptoms resolved only after a diagnosis of TA‐TMA was established and eculizumab therapy was initiated. Renal manifestations at diagnosis included non‐nephrotic range proteinuria and hypertension. This report highlights the importance of screening PRES‐affected SCD HCT recipients for TA‐TMA as usual treatment strategies may be inadequate.
The serotonin transporter gene variants modulate acute stress‐induced hippocampus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activity during memory retrieval
Authors: Li Shijia , Tang Jun , Gao Yan , Thiel Christiane M. , Wolf Oliver T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe short (s) allele of a polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR) is related to reduced serotonin transporter efficiency and an increased vulnerability to stress and mental disorders. In the present study, we investigated how 5‐HTTLPR impacts on memory retrieval under stress and related neural activity by reanalyzing a small genetic neuroimaging data set. Twenty‐seven healthy male volunteers participated in both the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a respective control procedure and then their brain activity was measured with functional MRI (fMRI) while they performed an emotional‐face‐recognition task. Sixteen participants were carriers of the short allele (ss/sl carriers) and 11 were homozygous for the long allele (ll carriers). Genotype groups were compared with respect to stress‐related physiological changes, memory performance, and brain activity. No significant genotype‐dependent effects on memory performance or cortisol levels were found. The ss/sl carriers showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than the ll carriers, independent of stress. The ss/sl carriers reported stronger stress‐induced nervous mood than the ll carriers. Our fMRI data revealed that the ss/sl carriers showed significantly weaker left hippocampus activation and stronger dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) deactivation when retrieving memories under stress as compared with the ll carriers. Subsequent analyses revealed that the distinct hippocampal activation pattern in both genotypes was associated with stress‐induced cortisol elevation, while the distinct dmPFC activation pattern in both genotypes was associated with stress‐induced changes in reaction times. Our results thus add new evidence that serotonin signaling modulates neural activity in the hippocampus and dmPFC during memory retrieval under acute psychosocial stress.
Cover Image, Volume 68, Issue 8
Authors: Yoo Dae‐Geon , Park Sung Soo , Noh Chi‐Woo , Shin Inho , Lim Ki‐Hyun , Son Jinha , Ahn Suk‐kyun , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: July 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Polyimide nanohybrid films with electrochemically functionalized graphene by Dae‐Geon Yoo et al. DOI: 10.1002/pi.5836.
image
Do ArabidopsisSquamosa promoter binding Protein‐Likegenes act together in plant acclimation to copper or zinc deficiency?
Authors: Schulten Anna , Bytomski Lucas , Quintana Julia , Bernal María , Krämer Ute 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe genome ofArabidopsis thalianaencodes approximately 260 copper (Cu)‐dependent proteins, which includes enzymes in central pathways of photosynthesis, respiration and responses to environmental stress. Under Cu‐deficient growth conditions, Squamosa promoter binding Protein‐Like 7 (SPL7) activates the transcription of genes encoding Cu acquisition systems, and it mediates a metabolic reorganization to economize on Cu. The transcription factorSPL7 groups among comparably large proteins in theSPLfamily, which additionally comprises a second group of smallSPLproteins targeted by miRNA156 with roles in plant development.SPL7 shares extended regions of sequence homology withSPL1 andSPL12. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of a functional overlap between these three members of the group of largeSPLfamily proteins. We compared thespl1 spl12double mutant and thespl1 spl7 spl12triple mutant with both the wild type and thespl7single mutant under normal and Cu‐deficient growth conditions. Biomass production, chlorophyll content and tissue elemental composition at the seedling stage, as well as plant and flower morphology during reproductive stages, confirmed the involvement ofSPL7, but provided no indication for important roles ofSPL1 orSPL12 in the acclimation of Arabidopsis to Cu deficiency. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of zinc (Zn) deficiency on the same set of mutants. Different from what is known in the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis did not activate Cu deficiency responses under Zn deficiency, and there was no Cu overaccumulation in either shoot or root tissues of Zn‐deficient wild type plants. Known Zn deficiency responses were unaltered inspl7,spl1 spl12andspl1 spl7 spl12mutants. We observed that CuZnSODactivity is strongly downregulated in Zn‐deficientA. thaliana, in association with an about 94% reduction in the abundance of theCSD2transcript, a known target of miR398. However, different from the known Cu deficiency responses of Arabidopsis, this Zn deficiency response was independent ofSPL7and not associated with an upregulation ofMIR398bprimary transcript levels. Our data suggest that there is no conservation inA. thalianaof the crosstalk between Zn and Cu homeostasis mediated by the singleSPLfamily proteinCRR1 of Chlamydomonas. In the future, resolving how the specificity ofSPLprotein activation and recognition of target gene promoters is achieved will advance our understanding of the specific functions of differentSPLfamily proteins in the regulation of either Cu deficiency responses or growth and development of land plants.
Prevalence of Sports‐Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Athletes
Authors: Fagher Kristina , Dahlström Örjan , Jacobsson Jenny , Timpka Toomas , Lexell Jan 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundWith increased participation in Paralympic sports, the burden of sports‐related injuries and illnesses may increase. However, there is limited knowledge about the epidemiology of sports‐related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sports (SRIIPS).ObjectiveTo describe among Swedish Paralympic athletes the 1‐year retrospective period prevalence of severe SRIIPS and the point prevalence of all SRIIPS and to examine differences in prevalence proportions between athletes with different impairments, behaviors, and sport characteristics.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingSwedish Paralympic Programme.ParticipantsOne hundred and four Paralympic athletes with visual, physical, and intellectual impairment.MethodsAn eHealth application adapted to Paralympic athletes was used to collect self‐report data on existing and previous SRIIPS, as well as impairment, behavior, and sport characteristics.Main Outcome MeasurementsOne‐year retrospective period prevalence and point prevalence.ResultsThe period prevalence of severe injuries was 31% (95% CI 23‐40) and the point prevalence 32% (95% CI 24‐41). The period prevalence of severe illnesses was 14% (95% CI 9‐23), and 13% of the athletes (95% CI 8‐22) reported a current illness. More severe injuries (P <.05) were reported by athletes aged 18 to 25 years, not using assistive device, having pain during sport, using analgesics, continuing training injured, and feeling guilt when missing exercise. Athletes who reported a previous severe injury, having pain in daily life and during sport, using analgesics, and being upset when unable to exercise had a higher prevalence of current injuries (P <.05). Being female, reporting previous severe illness, using prescribed medication, and feeling anxious/depressed were features associated with ongoing illnesses (P <.05).ConclusionParalympic athletes report a high prevalence of SRIIPS. Behavioral and psychological aspects as well as pain and use of medication appear to be associated with the occurrence of SRIIPS. The results imply that factors leading to SRIIPS are complex and call for a broad biopsychosocial approach when developing preventive measures.Level of EvidenceIII.
Overcoming plant blindness in science, education, and society
Authors: Jose Sarah B. , Wu Chih‐Hang , Kamoun Sophien 
Published: July 2019

Societal Impact StatementPlants are amazing organisms. They make up around 80% of all biomass on Earth, play important roles in almost all ecosystems, and support humans and other animals by providing shelter, oxygen, and food. Despite this, many people have a tendency to overlook plants, a phenomenon known as “plant blindness.” Here, we explore the reasons behind plant blindness, discuss why some people are relatively unaffected by it, and promote education around plant science to overcome this phenomenon and raise awareness of the importance of plants in the wider community.
Summary
Many people tend to overlook the importance of plants in the biosphere. This phenomenon is described as “plant blindness,” a term proposed 20 years ago to denote the inability of a person to notice plants and/or appreciate their significance. To explore why some people seem immune to plant blindness, we asked plant scientists on Twitter why they became interested in plants. Many replied that their interest developed from early experiences in life or inspiring teachers at school. Others were attracted to the scientific disciplines related to plant science or valued the contribution of plants to global ecosystems and human civilization. Based on these anecdotes and the empirical findings of other researchers, we argue that plants should play a more central role in biological education, from the early years to university and beyond. Furthermore, as plant scientists, we should do our best to raise awareness about the fascinating aspects of plants and their importance in human affairs within the wider community.