bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity: cross sectional results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort (2008–2010)
Authors: Silva Fernanda Marcelina , Giatti Luana , de Figueiredo Roberta Carvalho , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi , de Oliveira Cardoso Letícia , Duncan Bruce Bartholow , Barreto Sandhi Maria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo verify if the intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with higher BMI and waist circumference (WC) among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort.DesignCross-sectional analysis of the ELSA-Brasil baseline (2008–2010). Dietary information obtained through an FFQ was classified according to characteristics of food processing (NOVA) and used to estimate the percentage energy contribution from ultra-processed foods (i.e. industrial formulations, elaborated from food processing, synthetic constituents and food additives) to individuals’ total energy intake. BMI and WC and their respective cut-off points served as response variables. Associations were estimated through linear and multinomial logistic regression models, after adjusting for confounders and total energy intake.SettingSix Brazilian capital cities, 2008–2010.SubjectsActive and retired civil servants, aged 35–64 years, from universities and research organizations (n8977).ResultsUltra-processed foods accounted for 22·7 % of total energy intake. After adjustments, individuals in the fourth quartile of percentage energy contribution from ultra-processed foods presented (β; 95 % CI) a higher BMI (0·80; CI 0·53, 1·07 kg/m2) and WC (1·71; 1·02, 2·40 cm), and higher chances (OR; 95 % CI) of being overweight (1·31; 1·13, 1·51), obese (1·41; 1·18, 1·69) and having significantly increased WC (1·41; 1·20, 1·66), compared with those in the first quartile. All associations suggest a dose–response gradient.ConclusionsResults indicate the existence of associations between greater energy contribution from ultra-processed foods and higher BMI and WC, which are independent of total energy intake. These findings corroborate public policies designed to reduce the intake of this type of food.
Identifying sociodemographic, programmatic and dietary drivers of anaemia reduction in pregnant Indian women over 10 years
Authors: Chakrabarti Suman , George Nitya , Majumder Moutushi , Raykar Neha , Scott Samuel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveAnaemia is a major contributor to the global disease burden and half of pregnant women in India were anaemic in 2016. The aetiology of anaemia is complex, yet anaemia determinants are frequently examined in isolation. We sought to explore how shifts in sociodemographic (wealth, age at pregnancy, education, open defecation, cooking fuel type, household size), programmatic (iron–folic acid tablet consumption, antenatal care visits) and dietary factors (intake of Fe, folic acid, vitamin B12, phytate) predicted changes in anaemia prevalence.DesignNutrient levels for eighty-eight food items were multiplied by household consumption of these foods to estimate household-level nutrient supply. A synthetic panel data set was created from two rounds of the District Level Household and Facility Survey (2002–04 and 2012–13) and Household Consumer Expenditures Survey (2004–05 and 2011–12). Ordinary least-squares multivariate regression models were used.SettingDistricts (n 446) spanning north, north-east, central and south India.SubjectsPregnant women aged 15–49 years (n 17 138).ResultsIn the model accounting for both non-dietary and dietary factors, increased age at pregnancy (P<0·001), reduced village-level open defecation (P=0·001), consuming more Fe (P<0·001) and folic acid (P=0·018) and less phytate (P=0·002), and urbanization (P=0·015) were associated with anaemia reductions. A 10 mg increase in daily household Fe supply from 2012 levels was associated with a 10 % reduction in anaemia.ConclusionsPublic health interventions to combat anaemia in pregnant women should use a holistic approach, including promotion of delayed marriage, construction and use of toilets, and measures that facilitate adoption of nutrient-rich diets.
‘A Serious House on Serious Earth’: Towards an Understanding of the Church of England’s Inheritance of Buildings
Authors: Carter Benjamin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Church of England is blessed with an extraordinary inheritance of church buildings. However, this inheritance, particularly in rural contexts, is increasingly being viewed as a financial millstone and encumbrance to mission. This article takes issue with the largely ‘functional’ understanding of church buildings which is common place in the Church of England. It will argue that there needs to be a rediscovery of the symbolic and sacramental power of buildings. By reasserting the sacramental and symbolic power of church buildings we can come again to recognize how all church buildings – and not just those blessed with a great history or soaring architecture – exist in part to articulate the ongoing presence and activity of God in creation.
Wideband high-efficiency linearized PA design with reduction in memory effects and IMD3
Authors: Du Xuekun , You Chang Jiang , Zhao Yulong , Li Xiang , Helaoui Mohamed , Cai Jingye , Ghannouchi Fadhel M. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAn analytical method is proposed to reduce the memory effects and third-order intermodulation distortions for improving the linearity of wideband power amplifier (PA). An excellent linearity can be obtained by reducing the second-harmonic output power levels and reducing the envelope voltage components in the megahertz range. An improved wideband Chebyshev low-pass matching network including the bias network is analyzed and designed to validate the proposed method. The measured results indicate that a wideband high-efficiency linearized PA is realized from 1.35 to 2.45 GHz (fractional bandwidth = 58%) with power added efficiency of 60–78%, power gain of 10.8–12.3 dB, and output power of 40.0–41.2 dBm. For a 20 MHz LTE modulated signal, the adjacent channel leakage ratios (ACLRs) of the proposed PA with digital pre-distortion (DPD) linearization are −55.7 ~ −53.9 dBc across 1.5–2.4 GHz at an average output power of 32.4–33.6 dBm. For a 40 MHz two-carrier LTE modulated signal, the ACLRs of the proposed PA with DPD linearization are −51.1 ~ −48.2 dBc at an average output power of ~30.5 dBm in the frequency range from 1.5 GHz to 2.4 GHz.
Multi-functional DNA nanostructures that puncture and remodel lipid membranes into hybrid materials
Authors: Birkholz Oliver , Burns Jonathan R. , Richter Christian P. , Psathaki Olympia E. , Howorka Stefan , Piehler Jacob 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSynthetically replicating key biological processes requires the ability to puncture lipid bilayer membranes and to remodel their shape. Recently developed artificial DNA nanopores are one possible synthetic route due to their ease of fabrication. However, an unresolved fundamental question is how DNA nanopores bind to and dynamically interact with lipid bilayers. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to establish that DNA nanopores carrying cholesterol anchors insert via a two-step mechanism into membranes. Nanopores are furthermore shown to locally cluster and remodel membranes into nanoscale protrusions. Most strikingly, the DNA pores can function as cytoskeletal components by stabilizing autonomously formed lipid nanotubes. The combination of membrane puncturing and remodeling activity can be attributed to the DNA pores’ tunable transition between two orientations to either span or co-align with the lipid bilayer. This insight is expected to catalyze the development of future functional nanodevices relevant in synthetic biology and nanobiotechnology.
Mutation hotspots at CTCF binding sites coupled to chromosomal instability in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Guo Yu Amanda , Chang Mei Mei , Huang Weitai , Ooi Wen Fong , Xing Manjie , Tan Patrick , Skanderup Anders Jacobsen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTissue-specific driver mutations in non-coding genomic regions remain undefined for most cancer types. Here, we unbiasedly analyze 212 gastric cancer (GC) whole genomes to identify recurrently mutated non-coding regions in GC. Applying comprehensive statistical approaches to accurately model background mutational processes, we observe significant enrichment of non-coding indels (insertions/deletions) in three gastric lineage-specific genes. We further identify 34 mutation hotspots, of which 11 overlap CTCF binding sites (CBSs). These CBS hotspots remain significant even after controlling for a genome-wide elevated mutation rate at CBSs. In 3 out of 4 tested CBS hotspots, mutations are nominally associated with expression change of neighboring genes. CBS hotspot mutations are enriched in tumors showing chromosomal instability, co-occur with neighboring chromosomal aberrations, and are common in gastric (25%) and colorectal (19%) tumors but rare in other cancer types. Mutational disruption of specific CBSs may thus represent a tissue-specific mechanism of tumorigenesis conserved across gastrointestinal cancers.
Flexible and ultra-lightweight polymer membrane lasers
Authors: Karl Markus , Glackin James M. E. , Schubert Marcel , Kronenberg Nils M. , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Gather Malte C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOrganic semiconductors enable the fabrication of a range of lightweight and mechanically flexible optoelectronic devices. Most organic semiconductor lasers, however, have remained rigid until now, predominantly due to the need for a support substrate. Here, we use a simple fabrication process to make membrane-based, substrate-less and extremely thin (<500 nm) organic distributed feedback lasers that offer ultralow-weight (m/A<0.5 gm−2) and excellent mechanical flexibility. We show operation of the lasers as free-standing membranes and transfer them onto other substrates, e.g. a banknote, where the unique lasing spectrum is readily read out and used as security feature. The pump thresholds and emission intensity of our membrane lasers are well within the permissible exposures for ocular safety and we demonstrate integration on contact lenses as wearable security tags.
Histone H2AX deficiency causes neurobehavioral deficits and impaired redox homeostasis
Authors: Weyemi Urbain , Paul Bindu D. , Snowman Adele M. , Jailwala Parthav , Nussenzweig Andre , Bonner William M. , Snyder Solomon H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractATM drives DNA repair by phosphorylating the histone variant H2AX. While ATM mutations elicit prominent neurobehavioral phenotypes, neural roles for H2AX have been elusive. We report impaired motor learning and balance in H2AX-deficient mice. Mitigation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reverses the behavioral deficits. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient for H2AX exhibit increased ROS production and failure to activate the antioxidant response pathway controlled by the transcription factor NRF2. The NRF2 targets GCLC and NQO1 are depleted in the striatum of H2AX knockouts, one of the regions most vulnerable to ROS-mediated damage. These findings establish a role for ROS in the behavioral deficits of H2AX knockout mice and reveal a physiologic function of H2AX in mediating influences of oxidative stress on NRF2-transcriptional targets and behavior.
Photon antibunching in a cluster of giant CdSe/CdS nanocrystals
Authors: Lv Bihu , Zhang Huichao , Wang Lipeng , Zhang Chunfeng , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhang Jiayu , Xiao Min 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen closely packed into a high-density film, semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) can interact with each other to yield collective optical behaviours, which are normally difficult to characterize due to the ensemble average effect. Here we synthesized semiconductor NC clusters and performed single-particle spectroscopic measurements to probe the electronic couplings of several giant CdSe/CdS NCs contained in one cluster with nanometer-scale separations. Such a single cluster exhibits multiple emission peaks at the cryogenic temperature with nearly identical photoluminescence decay dynamics, suggesting that the Förster-type energy transfer does not occur among the composing NCs. Surprisingly, strong photon antibunching is still observed from a single cluster, which can be attributed to the Auger annihilation of photo-excited excitons from different NCs. The isolation of several nearby NCs interacting with the above novel mechanism has marked a solid progress towards a full understanding and an efficient control of the operation parameters in NC-based optoelectronic devices.
TRPV1 SUMOylation regulates nociceptive signaling in models of inflammatory pain
Authors: Wang Yan , Gao Yingwei , Tian Quan , Deng Qi , Wang Yangbo , Zhou Tian , Liu Qiang , Mei Kaidi , Wang Yingping , Liu Huiqing , Ma Ruining , Ding Yuqiang , Rong Weifang , Cheng Jinke , Yao Jing , Xu Tian-Le , Zhu Michael X. , Li Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough TRPV1 channels represent a key player of noxious heat sensation, the precise mechanisms for thermal hyperalgesia remain unknown. We report here that conditional knockout of deSUMOylation enzyme, SENP1, in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons exacerbated thermal hyperalgesia in both carrageenan- and Complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammation models. TRPV1 is SUMOylated at a C-terminal Lys residue (K822), which specifically enhances the channel sensitivity to stimulation by heat, but not capsaicin, protons or voltage. TRPV1 SUMOylation is decreased by SENP1 but upregulated upon peripheral inflammation. More importantly, the reduced ability of TRPV1 knockout mice to develop inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia was rescued by viral infection of lumbar 3/4 DRG neurons of wild-type TRPV1, but not its SUMOylation-deficient mutant, K822R. These data suggest that TRPV1 SUMOylation is essential for the development of inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia, through a mechanism that involves sensitization of the channel response specifically to thermal stimulation.
Nuclear receptor NR2F6 inhibition potentiates responses to PD-L1/PD-1 cancer immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Klepsch Victoria , Hermann-Kleiter Natascha , Do-Dinh Patricia , Jakic Bojana , Offermann Anne , Efremova Mirjana , Sopper Sieghart , Rieder Dietmar , Krogsdam Anne , Gamerith Gabriele , Perner Sven , Tzankov Alexandar , Trajanoski Zlatko , Wolf Dominik , Baier Gottfried 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnalyzing mouse tumor models in vivo, human T cells ex vivo, and human lung cancer samples, we provide direct evidence that NR2F6 acts as an immune checkpoint. Genetic ablation of Nr2f6, particularly in combination with established cancer immune checkpoint blockade, efficiently delays tumor progression and improves survival in experimental mouse models. The target genes deregulated in intratumoral T lymphocytes upon genetic ablation of Nr2f6 alone or together with PD-L1 blockade reveal multiple advantageous transcriptional alterations. Acute Nr2f6 silencing in both mouse and human T cells induces hyper-responsiveness that establishes a non-redundant T-cell-inhibitory function of NR2F6. NR2F6 protein expression in T-cell-infiltrating human NSCLC is upregulated in 54% of the cases (n = 303) and significantly correlates with PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression. Our data define NR2F6 as an intracellular immune checkpoint that suppresses adaptive anti-cancer immune responses and set the stage for clinical validation of targeting NR2F6 for next-generation immuno-oncological regimens.
Screened moments and extrinsic in-gap states in samarium hexaboride
Authors: Fuhrman W. T. , Chamorro J. R. , Alekseev P. A. , Mignot J.-M. , Keller T. , Rodriguez-Rivera J. A. , Qiu Y. , Nikolić P. , McQueen T. M. , Broholm C. L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSamarium hexaboride (SmB6) is a Kondo insulator, with a narrow gap due to hybridization between localized and conduction electrons. Despite being an insulator, many samples show metal-like properties. Rare-earth purification is exceedingly difficult, and nominally pure samples may contain 2% or more of impurities. Here to determine the effects of rare-earth doping on SmB6, we synthesized and probed a series of gadolinium-doped samples. We found a relationship between specific heat and impurity moment screening which scales systematically. Consistent with this finding, our neutron scattering experiments of a high purity sample of doubly isotopic 154Sm11B6 show no intrinsic excitations below the well-established 13 meV spin-exciton. The result of introducing impurities into a Kondo insulator is incompletely understood, but it is clear from our measurements that there is a systematic relationship between rare-earth impurities and metal-like properties in SmB6.
Stabilizing ultrasmall Au clusters for enhanced photoredox catalysis
Authors: Weng Bo , Lu Kang-Qiang , Tang Zichao , Chen Hao Ming , Xu Yi-Jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently, loading ligand-protected gold (Au) clusters as visible light photosensitizers onto various supports for photoredox catalysis has attracted considerable attention. However, the efficient control of long-term photostability of Au clusters on the metal-support interface remains challenging. Herein, we report a simple and efficient method for enhancing the photostability of glutathione-protected Au clusters (Au GSH clusters) loaded on the surface of SiO2 sphere by utilizing multifunctional branched poly-ethylenimine (BPEI) as a surface charge modifying, reducing and stabilizing agent. The sequential coating of thickness controlled TiO2 shells can further significantly improve the photocatalytic efficiency, while such structurally designed core-shell SiO2-Au GSH clusters-BPEI@TiO2 composites maintain high photostability during longtime light illumination conditions. This joint strategy via interfacial modification and composition engineering provides a facile guideline for stabilizing ultrasmall Au clusters and rational design of Au clusters-based composites with improved activity toward targeting applications in photoredox catalysis.
The formation of perovskite multiple quantum well structures for high performance light-emitting diodes
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhang Li , Wang Nana , Zhang Shuting , Cao Yu , Miao Yanfeng , Xu Mengmeng , Zhang Hao , Li Hai , Yi Chang , Wang Jianpu , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent works showed that high efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes can be achieved from solution-processed, self-organized multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with an energy cascade. We investigate how the mixing of QWs with different band gaps can affect the perovskite LED device performance. We find that the annealing process can significantly affect the constitution of the MQWs films, where the dominant phase can evolve from large band gap QWs to small band gap QWs. The optimal constitution for LED application lies in a transition point of small-n QWs dominant phase to large-n QWs dominant phase, when the MQW film presents highest photoluminescence while still remains uniform film morphology.
Comprehensive comparison of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and G. sinense: chemical, antitumor, immunomodulating and gut-microbiota modulatory properties
Authors: Li Li-Feng , Liu Hong-Bing , Zhang Quan-Wei , Li Zhi-Peng , Wong Tin-Long , Fung Hau-Yee , Zhang Ji-Xia , Bai Su-Ping , Lu Ai-Ping , Han Quan-Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBoth Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and G. sinense (GS) are used as Lingzhi in China. Their functions are assumed to mainly derive from triterpenes and polysaccharides; however, the two species have very different triterpenes profiles, if this was the case, then the bioactivity of these two species should differ. Instead, could the polysaccharides be similar, contributing to the shared therapeutic basis? In this study, two main polysaccharide fractions from different batches of GL and GS were systematically compared by a series of chemical and biological experiments. The results showed that the polysaccharides from two species shared the same structural features in terms of mono-/oligo-saccharide profiles, molecular size, sugar linkages, and IR/NMR spectra. In addition, these polysaccharides showed similar tumor-suppressive activity in mice. Further study on RAW264.7 cells indicated that these polysaccharides exhibited similar inducing effects to macrophages, as evaluated in the phagocytosis function, NO/cytokines production, inhibition against the viability and migration of cancer cells. Mechanistic investigation revealed the identical activation via TLR-4 related MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and gut-microbiota modulatory effects. In summary, GL and GS polysaccharides presented similar chemical features, antitumor/immunomodulating activities and mechanism; this establishes polysaccharides as the active principles and supports the official use of both species as Lingzhi.
Cryopreservation of Fish Spermatogonial Cells: The Future of Natural History Collections
Authors: Hagedorn Mary M. , Daly Jonathan P. , Carter Virginia L. , Cole Kathleen S. , Jaafar Zeehan , Lager Claire V. A. , Parenti Lynne R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs global biodiversity declines, the value of biological collections increases. Cryopreserved diploid spermatogonial cells meet two goals: to yield high-quality molecular sequence data; and to regenerate new individuals, hence potentially countering species extinction. Cryopreserved spermatogonial cells that allow for such mitigative measures are not currently in natural history museum collections because there are no standard protocols to collect them. Vertebrate specimens, especially fishes, are traditionally formalin-fixed and alcohol-preserved which makes them ideal for morphological studies and as museum vouchers, but inadequate for molecular sequence data. Molecular studies of fishes routinely use tissues preserved in ethanol; yet tissues preserved in this way may yield degraded sequences over time. As an alternative to tissue fixation methods, we assessed and compared previously published cryopreservation methods by gating and counting fish testicular cells with flow cytometry to identify presumptive spermatogonia A-type cells. Here we describe a protocol to cryopreserve tissues that yields a high percentage of viable spermatogonial cells from the testes of Asterropteryx semipunctata, a marine goby. Material cryopreserved using this protocol represents the first frozen and post-thaw viable spermatogonial cells of fishes archived in a natural history museum to provide better quality material for re-derivation of species and DNA preservation and analysis.
Tau Antibody Structure Reveals a Molecular Switch Defining a Pathological Conformation of the Tau Protein
Authors: Chukwu Jessica E. , Pedersen Jan T. , Pedersen Lars Ø. , Volbracht Christiane , Sigurdsson Einar M. , Kong Xiang-Peng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTau antibodies have shown therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease and several are in clinical trials. As a microtubule-associated protein, tau relies on dynamic phosphorylation for its normal functions. In tauopathies, it becomes hyperphosphorylated and aggregates into toxic assemblies, which collectively lead to neurodegeneration. Of the phospho-epitopes, the region around Ser396 has received particular attention because of its prominence and stability in tauopathies. Here we report the first structure of a monoclonal tau antibody in complex with the pathologically important phospho-Ser396 residue. Its binding region reveals tau residues Tyr394 to phospho-Ser396 stabilized in a β-strand conformation that is coordinated by a phospho-specific antigen binding site. These details highlight a molecular switch that defines this prominent conformation of tau and ways to target it. Overall, the structure of the antibody-antigen complex clarifies why certain phosphorylation sites in tau are more closely linked to neurodegeneration than others.