bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Economics to Political Economy: Contradictions, Challenge, and Change
Authors: Stilwell Frank 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe nature of the challenge to mainstream economics needs to be carefully considered. This article presents an overview of the challenge, emphasizing that it is not just a matter of heterodox economists developing non‐neoclassical economic theories. The embrace of a pluralist method and pedagogy is equally significant. The development of a transdisciplinary approach adds further to the breadth of the challenge. Weaving these elements together as political economy provides an alternative paradigm to mainstream economics. Extending its influence requires focus on adult education, the media, and public policy, as well as sustained efforts within universities.
Coincidence of Andersen–Tawil syndrome and Marfan syndrome: A case report
Authors: Krych Michalina , Ponińska Joanna , Bilińska Zofia T. , Płoski Rafał , Biernacka Elżbieta K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report on a 44‐year‐old woman with coincidence of two genetic disorders: Andersen–Tawil syndrome and Marfan syndrome. In both, life‐threatening arrhythmias could occur. A 44‐year‐old woman presented acute ascending aortic dissection with aortic arch involvement and chronic thoracic descending and abdominal aortic dissection. Clinical and genetic examination confirmed Marfan syndrome (MFS) diagnosis. Due to repolarization disorder in ECG and premature ventricular contractions in Holter ECG, the sequencing data were analyzed again and mutation in KCNJ2 gene was identified. The case showed that coincidence of Andersen–Tawil syndrome (ATS) and MFS did not provoke life‐threatening arrhythmias. Complication was rather caused by expression of FBN1 mutation.
Controlling axillary intra‐aortic balloon pump inflation is a viable option for turning an acute heart failure patient into a chronic one
Authors: Barac Yaron D. , Schroder Jacob N. , Bishawi Muath , Patel Chetan B. , Milano Carmelo A. , Daneshmand Mani A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) is often used to support patients in decompensated heart failure. Placement of the IABP via the axillary artery facilitates long‐term support with the device and may allow for the conversion of an acute heart failure (HF) patient into a chronic HF patient using a modified weaning protocol; allowing for medical symptom management and removal of mechanical support. We will discuss strategies for supporting these complicated patients.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Role in pathogenesis and novel therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Perez Ortiz Judit M. , Swerdlow Russell H. 
Published: January 2019

Dysfunction of cell bioenergetics is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disrupted energy utilization implicates mitochondria at its nexus. This review summarizes some of the evidence that points to faulty mitochondrial function in AD and highlights past and current therapeutic development efforts. Classical neuropathological hallmarks of disease (β‐amyloid and τ) and sporadic AD risk genes (APOE) may trigger mitochondrial disturbance, yet mitochondrial dysfunction may incite pathology. Preclinical and clinical efforts have overwhelmingly centred on the amyloid pathway, but clinical trials have yet to reveal clear‐cut benefits. AD therapies aimed at mitochondrial dysfunction are few and concentrate on reversing oxidative stress and cell death pathways. Novel research efforts aimed at boosting mitochondrial and bioenergetic function offer an alternative treatment strategy. Enhancing cell bioenergetics in preclinical models may yield widespread favourable effects that could benefit persons with AD.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc
Depressive symptom‐associated IL‐1β and TNF‐α release correlates with impaired bronchodilator response and neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Xin , Zheng Jing , Liu Ying , Wang Ji , Wang Gang , Zhang Hong Ping , Kang De Ying , Peng Zu Gui , Ji Yu Lin , Wang Lei , Gibson Peter Gerard , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundDepressive symptoms worsen asthma outcomes; however, the mechanism remains largely unexplored.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether depressive symptom‐associated immune inflammation correlates with impaired bronchodilator response (BDR) and airway inflammatory phenotypes.MethodsEligible adults with asthma (n = 198) underwent clinical assessment, sputum induction and blood sampling. Depressive symptoms were defined by scores on the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐D). Pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator spirometry was performed for BDR. Airway inflammatory phenotypes were defined by sputum cell counts. CRP, IL‐1β, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, CCL17 and CCL22 in serum and sputum were detected.ResultsCompared with the non‐depressive group (n = 174), the depressive group (n = 24) exhibited impaired BDR (P = 0.032) and increased sputum neutrophils (P = 0.023), which correlated with the HADS‐D scores (P = 0.027 and P = 0.029). Levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ in the serum and those of IL‐1β and IFN‐γ in the sputum were elevated in the depressive group compared to those in the non‐depressive group (all P < 0.05). Multiple regression models indicated that TNF‐α in the sputum and IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ in both the serum and sputum were inversely associated with BDR; TNF‐α in the sputum and IL‐1β in both the serum and sputum were positively correlated with sputum neutrophils. Mediation analyses revealed that IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the sputum and IL‐1β in both the serum and sputum mediate the correlations of the HADS‐D scores with BDR and sputum neutrophils, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAsthma patients with depressive symptoms present worse asthma control, which is most likely explained by impaired BDR and neutrophilic airway inflammation. IL‐1β and TNF‐α, which are two key pro‐inflammatory cytokines that mediate the correlation of depressive symptoms with impaired BDR and neutrophilic airway inflammation, may serve as targeted biomarkers in the neuropsychological phenotype of asthma; however, this result needs to be further validated.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces apoptosis of arginine vasopressin neurons in central diabetes insipidus via PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Feng , Feng Zhan‐Peng , Ou Yi‐Chao , Peng Jun‐Jie , Li Kai , Gong Hao‐Dong , Qiu Bing‐Hui , Liu Ya‐Wei , Wang Yong‐Jia , Qi Song‐Tao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsCentral diabetes insipidus (CDI), a typical complication caused by pituitary stalk injury, often occurs after surgery, trauma, or tumor compression around hypothalamic structures such as the pituitary stalk and optic chiasma. CDI is linked to decreased arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, along with a deficit in circulating AVP and oxytocin. However, little has been elucidated about the changes in AVP neurons in CDI. Hence, our study was designed to understand the role of several pathophysiologic changes such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of AVP neurons in CDI.MethodsIn a novel pituitary stalk electric lesion (PEL) model to mimic CDI, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were used to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms.ResultsWe reported that in CDI condition, generated by PEL, ER stress induced apoptosis of AVP neurons via activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways. Furthermore, application of N‐acetylcysteine protected hypothalamic AVP neurons from ER stress‐induced apoptosis through blocking the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways.ConclusionOur findings showed that AVP neurons underwent apoptosis induced by ER stress, and ER stress might play a vital role in CDI condition through the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways.
Recurrent Bell's palsy
Authors: Dong Sung Hwa , Jung Ah Ra , Jung Junyang , Jung Su Young , Byun Jae Yong , Park Moon Suh , Kim Sang Hoon , Yeo Seung Geun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveAlthough recurrent facial palsy was first reported in 1871, the aetiology, definitions, classifications, pathogenesis, treatment options and prognosis have not been clearly determined. There have been no systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of recurrent Bell's palsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations of recurrent Bell's palsy through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.DesignThe SCOPUS, PubMed, Cochrane Library and EBSCO databases were searched through 1 May 2018, using the search terms “recurrent Bell's palsy” and “recurrent facial palsy,” for studies involving patients with recurrent Bell's palsy. Reference lists of eligible studies were also reviewed.ResultsA search of titles and abstracts in these four databases identified 222 studies; of these, 27 studies, involving 1041 patients from 13 countries, were analysed. The mean percentage of patients who experienced recurrence of Bell's palsy ranged from 0.8% to 19.4%. Five studies that included 191 patients were included in the meta‐analysis.ConclusionsAmong patients previously affected by Bell's palsy, the mean incidence of recurrent Bell's palsy was 6.5%. Sidedness of recurrent disease, relative to the side of the original disease, had no effect on patient prognosis. Of all patients with Bell's palsy, 66.0% recovered completely, with the recovery rate lower in patients with recurrent than with primary Bell's palsy.
Assessing the severity of Type 2 diabetes using clinical data‐based measures: a systematic review
Authors: Zghebi S. S. , Panagioti M. , Rutter M. K. , Ashcroft D. M. , van Marwijk H. , Salisbury C. , Chew‐Graham C. A. , Buchan I. , Qureshi N. , Peek N. , Mallen C. , Mamas M. , Kontopantelis E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsTo identify and critically appraise measures that use clinical data to grade the severity of Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed between inception and June 2018. Studies reporting on clinical data‐based diabetes‐specific severity measures in adults with Type 2 diabetes were included. We excluded studies conducted solely in participants with other types of diabetes. After independent screening, the characteristics of the eligible measures including design and severity domains, the clinical utility of developed measures, and the relationship between severity levels and health‐related outcomes were assessed.ResultsWe identified 6798 studies, of which 17 studies reporting 18 different severity measures (32 314 participants in 17 countries) were included: a diabetes severity index (eight studies, 44%); severity categories (seven studies, 39%); complication count (two studies, 11%); and a severity checklist (one study, 6%). Nearly 89% of the measures included diabetes‐related complications and/or glycaemic control indicators. Two of the severity measures were validated in a separate study population. More severe diabetes was associated with increased healthcare costs, poorer cognitive function and significantly greater risks of hospitalization and mortality. The identified measures differed greatly in terms of the included domains. One study reported on the use of a severity measure prospectively.ConclusionsHealth records are suitable for assessment of diabetes severity; however, the clinical uptake of existing measures is limited. The need to advance this research area is fundamental as higher levels of diabetes severity are associated with greater risks of adverse outcomes. Diabetes severity assessment could help identify people requiring targeted and intensive therapies and provide a major benchmark for efficient healthcare services.
Sequential liver and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a case of fulminant hepatitis associated liver failure and aplastic anaemia
Authors: Al‐Shaibani Zeyad , Kotha Sreelakshmi , Lam Wilson , Galvin Zita , Lilly Leslie , Lipton Jeffrey H , Law Arjun Datt 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe management of severe aplastic anaemia is particularly challenging when it occurs in the context of recent liver transplantation. Rapid identification of a suitable donor followed by allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option. This scenario is often complicated by potentially life‐threatening infections that develop as a consequence of immunosuppression. Alternative donor transplantation using suitably matched unrelated donors can be potentially life‐saving when suitably matched sibling donors are unavailable. Above all, a dedicated interdisciplinary approach with seamless communication between hepatology, transplant surgery, haematology, and stem cell transplant services is essential to achieving optimal outcomes. Herein, we describe a case of severe hepatitis leading to hepatic failure who was treated with liver transplantation from a deceased donor, and later received an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a matched unrelated donor for hepatitis‐associated aplastic anaemia.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation over right posterior parietal cortex on attention function in healthy young adults
Authors: Lo On‐Yee , van Donkelaar Paul , Chou Li‐Shan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAttention involves three distinct networks for alerting, orienting, and executive control. Interventions targeting the specific attentional networks remain lacking. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modulate cortical excitability, which potentially serves as an interventional tool to treat individuals with attention impairment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of applying tDCS over the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) on the performance of the three attentional networks. Twenty‐six healthy young adults performed the Attention Network Test before and after anodal or sham tDCS stimulation over the right PPC. The alerting, orienting, and executive effects were assessed before and after the stimulation. The results demonstrated that the orienting effect was significantly improved after real tDCS relative to sham, whereas the alerting and executive control effects remained unaffected. Consistent with previous clinical and functional imaging studies, this suggests that the right PPC is actively engaged with the spatial orienting of attention.
Low‐cost, green synthesis and adsorption properties for dyes of novel porous gangue/palygorskite composite microspheres
Authors: Yan Shu , Wang Qinggang , Zhang Fanyong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Lu Yuju , Gan Ke , Huo Wenlong , Zhang Shuhao , Liu Jingjing , Yang Jinlong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, gangue/palygorskite composite microspheres were fabricated through spray drying process and activated by calcination treatment. Its microstructure and adsorption capacity for the removal of dye (MB) were also studied, systematically. Results showed that kaolinite, α‐quartz and palygorskite were the major phases in microspheres after proper calcination (lower than 900°C). BET‐specific surface area of the microspheres reached the maximum value of 62.23 m2/g at 700°C, and then decreased with further increasing the heating temperature. In general, composite microspheres showed the largest adsorption capacity of MB after heat‐treated at 700°C. The qmax of MB onto microspheres was 29.9‐51.9 mg/g. The adsorption process of MB onto microspheres was well described by both the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. The composite microspheres also had extraordinary recyclability. This novel microsphere could be employed as a candidate for novel absorbent and filter medium in the practical application for dye treatment in industrial applications.
Adolescents’ experiences of distress on an acute mental health inpatient unit: A qualitative study
Authors: Spencer Stephen , Stone Teresa , Kable Ashley , McMillan Margaret 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdolescents admitted to acute mental health inpatient units can experience episodes of distress for numerous reasons. Little is known about how they attempt to cope with this distress. This paper explores adolescent experiences of distress in an acute mental health inpatient unit. Fifty hours of non‐participant observations were conducted and documented using a critical incident technique (CIT) framework. An interpretive descriptive approach was used to analyse the observation data collected. Nineteen episodes of adolescent distress were observed and five themes emerged, of which two will be explored in this paper: clinical contexts and triggers, and coping or help‐seeking actions. The findings of this study will help mental health nurses working on acute adolescent units understand how adolescents attempt to cope with, and seek help for, episodes of distress, and enhance early responses to prevent escalation of distress.
Successful sexual reproduction of the scleractinian coral Porites panamensis: Evidence of planktonic larvae and recruitment
Authors: Santiago‐Valentín Jeimy D. , Rodríguez‐Troncoso Alma P. , Bautista‐Guerrero Eric , López‐Pérez Andrés , Cupul‐Magaña Amilcar L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPorites panamensis is a hermatypic brooder coral endemic to, and distributed along, the Eastern Tropical Pacific, and is considered a species vulnerable to local effects because it has limited capacity for long‐distance dispersal (and low genetic diversity). Although larvae of P. panamensis have been previously shown to recruit to artificial settlement platforms, they have never been observed in the water column. The present study describes the reproductive behavior of P. panamensis, with a focus on using molecular tools to document evidence for a larval planktonic stage and for successful recruitment. Larvae collected from the water column, and recruitment on natural and artificial substrata were documented. Phylogenetic analysis of two ribosomal markers, 18s rRNA and ITS (ITS1‐5.8‐ITS2), and one mitochondrial marker, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), confirmed the taxonomic identity of larvae, and showed that larvae and recruits have genotypes similar to adults of P. panamensis. Lipid vacuoles and Symbiodinium sp. were present in the gastrodermis of all larvae. A total of 12 and 371 recruits settled on artificial and natural substrates, respectively, and the recruitment rate differed significantly over time. By documenting the reproductive success of the species, we show the potential for existing individuals both to maintain the population in the study area and to contribute to maintenance of the coral reef community in the coming decades.
Effectiveness of vertical ridge augmentation interventions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Urban Istvan A. , Montero Eduardo , Monje Alberto , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of various techniques used for vertical ridge augmentation on clinical vertical bone gain.Material and MethodsA protocol was developed to answer the following focused question: “In patients with vertical alveolar ridge deficiencies, how effective are different augmentation procedures for clinical alveolar ridge gain?” Randomized and controlled clinical trials and prospective and retrospective case series were included, and meta‐analyses were performed to evaluate vertical bone gain based on the type of procedure and to compare bone gains in controlled studies.ResultsThirty‐six publications were included. Results demonstrated a significant vertical bone gain for all treatment approaches (n = 33; weighted mean effect = 4.16 mm; 95% CI 3.72–4.61; p < 0.001). Clinical vertical bone gain and complications rate varied among the different procedures, with a weighted mean gain of 8.04 mm and complications rate of 47.3% for distraction osteogenesis, 4.18 mm and 12.1% for guided bone regeneration (GBR), and 3.46 mm and 23.9% for bone blocks. In comparative studies, GBR achieved a significant greater bone gain when compared to bone blocks (n = 3; weighted mean difference = 1.34 mm; 95% CI 0.76–1.91; p < 0.001).ConclusionsVertical ridge augmentation is a feasible and effective therapy for the reconstruction of deficient alveolar ridges, although complications are common.
Association of accumulated advanced glycation end‐products with a high prevalence of sarcopenia and dynapenia in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mori Hiroyasu , Kuroda Akio , Ishizu Masashi , Ohishi Mami , Takashi Yuichi , Otsuka Yinhua , Taniguchi Satoshi , Tamaki Motoyuki , Kurahashi Kiyoe , Yoshida Sumiko , Endo Itsuro , Aihara Ken‐ichi , Funaki Makoto , Akehi Yuko , Matsuhisa Munehide 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs), which are a major cause of diabetic vascular complications, accumulate in various tissues under chronic hyperglycemic conditions, as well as with aging in patients with diabetes. The loss of muscle mass and strength, so‐called sarcopenia and dynapenia, has recently been recognized as a diabetic complication. However, the influence of accumulated AGEs on muscle mass and strength remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of sarcopenia and dynapenia with accumulated AGEs in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 166 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥30 years (mean age 63.2 ± 12.3 years; body mass index 26.3 ± 4.9 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin 7.1 ± 1.1%). Skin autofluorescence as a marker of AGEs, limb skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, knee extension strength and gait speed were assessed.ResultsSarcopenia and dynapenia were observed in 7.2 and 13.9% of participants, respectively. Skin autofluorescence was significantly higher in patients with sarcopenia and dynapenia. Skin autofluorescence was the independent determinant for skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, knee extension strength, sarcopenia and dynapenia.ConclusionsAccumulated AGEs could contribute to reduced muscle mass and strength, leading to sarcopenia and dynapenia in patients with type 2 diabetes.