bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tokio, ciudad anti-desastre.
Authors: Durán Fernández José , Romera Giner Juan Pedro 
Published: May 2018

<p>En Tokio la sombra de los terremotos y sus devastadores incendios ha sobrevolado la ciudad desde su fundación, pero la sombra se ha hecho más oscura desde el Gran Terremoto de Kanto en 1923 y más alargada desde los bombardeos del ejército norteamericano en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Por esta poderosa razón, la creación de una ciudad segura se impone como la clave fundamental de la construcción de la ciudad. En este artículo se estudian los mecanismos urbanos utilizados para luchar contra la vulnerabilidad urbana, los cuales imponen un lento proceso de transformación de la ciudad, con el objetivo de poner a salvo sus cerca de 10 millones de habitantes cuando se produzca el próximo terremoto.</p><p>La metodología utilizada consiste en un análisis escalar de la ciudad en sentido descendente. Desde una visión amplia de la Ciudad de Tokio la investigación desciende hasta el Barrio de Setagaya y finalmente se aproxima al Distrito de Taishido, último escalón del proyecto urbano.</p><p>El artículo es un compendio de nueve textos cortos y un epílogo, que junto a sus respectivos diez documentos gráficos, construyen el corpus de la investigación. El lector pues se enfrenta a un ensayo gráfico formado por pequeños capítulos que le sumergirán en los devastadores episodios del pasado urbano de la Ciudad de Tokio y le alumbrarán sobre un esperanzador futuro. </p>
Characteristics Influencing Diversity of Participation of Children in Activities Outside School
Authors: Shields Nora , Adair Brooke , Wilson Peter , Froude Elspeth , Imms Christine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOBJECTIVE. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine which personal and environmental characteristics influenced diversity of participation in activities outside school for typically developing children and adolescents.METHOD. Four hundred twenty-two (215 boys) typically developing Australian children (mean = 11.0 yr) completed the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and the Preferences for Activity of Children to describe their participation on five activity types: Recreational, Active Physical, Social, Self-Improvement, and Skill-Based. Linear regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS. Predictors of participation diversity were age and preference for Recreational (aR2 = .44); preference for Active Physical (aR2= .19); gender, school type, and preference for Social (aR2 = .19); preference for Skill-Based (aR2 = .25); and gender, school style, socioeconomic score, and preference for Self-Improvement (aR2 = .24).CONCLUSION. Preference plays a key role in determining the diversity of participation in activities outside school.
Home Safety Fall and Accident Risk Among Prematurely Aging, Formerly Homeless Adults
Authors: Gutman Sharon A. , Amarantos Kevin , Berg Jan , Aponte Melissa , Gordillo Daniela , Rice Christopher , Smith Jonathan , Perry Anna , Wills Tamara , Chen Ethan , Peters Richard , Schluger Zachary 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Homelessness prematurely ages people. A large subgroup of formerly homeless adults between ages 40 and 64 yr have health conditions similar to or worse than people categorized as elderly. Little is known about the impact of this group’s chronic health conditions on their ability to safely function in supportive housing.
METHOD. Home safety visits were carried out with 25 formerly homeless adults, ages 40–64 yr, now residing in supportive housing.
RESULTS. Participants had physical, cognitive, and mental health problems that significantly interfered with their ability to perform daily life skills, safely function in an apartment, and manage chronic health conditions. Home safety hazards included cluttered walking paths, the presence of steps, and the lack of grab bars and nonskid flooring.
CONCLUSION. The homeless population would benefit from aging specialists, such as occupational therapists, who could help people to maintain and function more safely in their homes. Without such services, this population may be at risk for home safety events leading to hospitalization and mortality.
Decadal evolution of ship emissions in China from 2004 to 2013 by using an integrated AIS-based approach and projection to 2040
Authors: Li Cheng , Borken-Kleefeld Jens , Zheng Junyu , Yuan Zibing , Ou Jiamin , Li Yue , Wang Yanlong , Xu Yuanqian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ship emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and pose health
risks to residents of coastal areas in China, but the current research
remains incomplete and coarse due to data availability and inaccuracy in
estimation methods. In this study, an integrated approach based on the
Automatic Identification System (AIS) was developed to address this problem.
This approach utilized detailed information from AIS and cargo turnover and
the vessel calling number information and is thereby capable of quantifying
sectoral contributions by fuel types and emissions from ports, rivers,
coastal traffic and over-the-horizon ship traffic. Based upon the established
methodology, ship emissions in China from 2004 to 2013 were estimated, and
those to 2040 at 5-year intervals under different control scenarios were
projected. Results showed that for the area within 200 nautical miles (Nm) of
the Chinese coast, SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5,
hydrocarbon (HC), black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) emissions in 2013
were 1010, 1443, 118, 107, 87, 67, 29 and 21 kt yr−1, respectively,
which doubled over these 10 years. Ship sources contributed ∼ 10 %
to the total SO2 and NOx emissions in the coastal provinces of
China. Emissions from the proposed Domestic Emission Control Areas (DECAs)
within 12 Nm constituted approximately 40 % of the all ship emissions
along the Chinese coast, and this percentage would double when the DECA
boundary is extended to 100 Nm. Ship emissions in ports accounted for about
one-quarter of the total emissions within 200 Nm, within which nearly
80 % of the emissions were concentrated in the top 10 busiest ports of
China. SO2 emissions could be reduced by 80 % in 2020 under a
0.5 % global sulfur cap policy. In comparison, a similar reduction of
NOx emissions would require significant technological change and would
likely take several decades. This study provides solid scientific support for
ship emissions control policy making in China. It is suggested to investigate
and monitor the emissions from the shipping sector in more detail in the
future.
Imperial Rome: a city of immigrants?
Authors: Wallace-Hadrill Andrew 
Published: May 2018

While it is clear that Rome was both of exceptional size as a city, and had an exceptional number and range of immigrants, it is extraordinarily difficult to have a clear idea either of its absolute size, or its demographic balance between locals and immigrants, citizens and non -citizens, freeborn and freed, slave and free. This paper argues that the impression of precise numbers given for recipients of handouts of grain or cash understates the fluidity of the population, and that the impression of high numbers of freedmen and slaves derived from funerary epitaphs may make as much sense for Rome as it does for Herculaneum, where the demographic balance is better attested.
Costantino da Bisanzio a Costantinopoli
Authors: Russo Eugenio 
Published: May 2018

Constantine was a Christian. Of that there can be no doubt. The surviving signs of paganism visible in Constantine are rather the result of his education and culture. They in no way whatsoever constitute evidence for the continuing imperial worship of pagan divinities in the Constantinian period. Examination of the literary sources and archaeological remains allows us to conclude that it is possible to recognize traces of the former Byzantium of Septimius Severus in the archaeological sites of the Strategion and a building beneath the Baths of Zeuxippos. In AD 324-330, the city on the Bosporus underwent a radical revolution: the city of Constantine went beyond the walls of the third century AD and it expanded to the west along the east-west axis. The previous city within the third-century walls was completely undermined in its north-south and east-west axes; there arose a new diagonal axis running northeast/southwest, which departed from the column of the Goths and arrived at the Augustaion, at the Hippodrome, and at the Palace (all Constantinian constructions, with St. Irene included). The centre of power (Palace-Hippodrome) was intimately linked to the Christian pole (St. Irene as the first cathedral and the pre-Justinianic St. Sophia that lay on the same axis and even closer to the Palace). According to the Chronicon Paschale, the church of St. Sophia was founded by Constantine in AD 326. The emperor deliberately abandoned the acropolis of Byzantium, and Byzantium was absorbed by the new city and obliterated by the new diagonal axis. Constantinople is truly Constantine’s city.
The Low-Noise Optimization of a SWATH Ship’s Structures Based on the Three-Dimensional Sono-Elasticity of Ships
Authors: Zou Mingsong , Lin Changgang , Qi Libo , Liu Shuxiao 
Published: May 2018

Basic equations and numerical methods are presented for the three-dimensional sono-elasticity theory of ships in shallow sea Pekeris acoustic waveguide environment. The corresponding software three-dimensional hydroelastic analysis of floating and traveling structures-Acoustic developed based on this theory is used for low-noise optimization design of the strut structures of a 1500-ton small waterplane area twin hull (SWATH) ship. When the SWATH ship was moored in waves and laying down instruments for ocean survey, it was observed that the waves continuously beat the vertical side walls of the struts, resulting in structural vibration and acoustic radiation in the frequency band below 100 Hz. This is a new phenomenon that the hydroelastic response of a local structure disturbs ocean survey performance. This phenomenon is not good for the performance of underwater acoustic equipment because it increases the background noise in the vicinity of the SWATH ship. This problem needs a low-cost and feasible solution. The mechanism of this phenomenon is first discussed by means of a sono-elastic analysis. After a series of low-noise design calculations for the strut structures, a design of optimal acoustic performance is obtained with only a small increase in the structure weight. Some suggestions on engineering design for solving such problems are also put forward.

1. Introduction
The theory of fluid-structure interaction has been widely applied in various engineering practices, including improvement of ship's seakeeping performance and structural safety, ship vibration and noise control, and enhancement of underwater acoustic stealthiness. In the late 1970s of the twentieth century, hydroelasticity of ships was established as one new branch of ship's fluid-structure coupling dynamics (Bishop & Price 1979). In the early 1980s, by combining the three-dimensional potential flow theory of ship motions with the three-dimensional structural dynamics, three-dimensional hydroelasticity was established by Wu (1984) and Bishop et al. (1986) to deal with the dynamic response of arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional deformable body under internal and external loads. Hereafter, the theory was developed continuously into two main subbranches: one is the three-dimensional hydroelasticity with respect to wave-induced dynamic responses of structures in the incompressible fluid field (Wu 1984; Bishop et al. 1986; Wu et al. 1997; Tian & Wu 2006; Kim et al. 2009; Wu & Cui 2009) and the other deals with the acoustic effect in the compressible fluid field (Zhou et al. 2010; Zou et al. 2013; Zou 2014), the latter of which is also called the three-dimensional sono-elasticity of ships.
La dimensión sectorial del cooperativismo colombiano a través de un análisis de redes
Authors: Alarcón Conde Miguel Ángel , Álvarez Juan Fernando 
Published: May 2018

Entre 2003 y 2010 se produce en Colombia un incremento sin precedentes en la constitución y actividad productiva de cooperativas, alcanzando un peso muy notable en la economía. Posteriormente, la regulación de las Cooperativas de Trabajo Asociado supone la desaparición de un número muy importante de ellas, aspecto que explica la acotación temporal del trabajo. Esa acotación también se explica por las limitaciones en la disponibilidad de información, agravadas por la desaparición del Centro de Investigación del Cooperativismo de Colombia y la consecuente desaceleración en las investigaciones sobre el tema, una vez cancelado su papel como principal usuario y poseedor de datos desagregados del cooperativismo.Con todo, los efectos de arrastre del cooperativismo colombiano, en términos intersectoriales y de empleo, tienden a ser menores y generan más empleo indirecto relativamente a los de la economía nacional ante incrementos de la demanda, suponiendo que el cooperativismo tiene una desventaja competitiva respecto a la estructura productiva nacional, más especializada en sectores de demanda débil-media. Además, a través de un Análisis de Redes Sociales, las cooperativas se adaptan al periodo de expansión económica aumentando la cohesión de sus redes intersectoriales, pero se tienen efectos contrarios en fases recesivas. En consecuencia, el sector cooperativo colombiano ha contribuido al desarrollo económico y social, y actualmente busca optimizar sus funciones como organizador del territorio y mediador de la convivencia pacífica. Así, los estudios sobre impacto sectorial y sobre la evaluación de impacto de Políticas Públicas son un elemento indispensable para garantizar la construcción compartida de políticas públicas entre los emprendimientos cooperativos, y solidarios, la Academia y el Gobierno.
Análisis estratégico de la Banca ética en España a través de Triodos Bank. Financiación de proyectos sociales y medioambientales
Authors: Abad Segura Emilio , Valls Martínez María del Carmen 
Published: May 2018

La banca social es la respuesta a décadas de especulación financiera y a inversiones alejadas de un compromiso ético y cooperativo. En este sentido, es necesario reflexionar sobre la responsabilidad y el papel que juegan las entidades bancarias en el impacto y desarrollo social, en sus estrategias para captar el ahorro y en los criterios que aplican para definir la concesión del crédito y las inversiones. El sector bancario, tanto en España como en Europa, está modificando su rumbo. El costoso aprendizaje está culminando en la concentración con un número menor de entidades, aunque con más poder, y en la estabilidad de una banca social preocupada por la responsabilidad y transformación social del sistema económico. La banca ética constituye el instrumento necesario para gestionar el negocio bancario desde la transparencia con códigos sociales y medioambientales, sin olvidar la rentabilidad económica para resistir y permanecer en un sistema financiero exigente. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos estudiar el origen y las características de la banca ética, analizar su implantación en España y examinar las condiciones e iniciativas que la entidad Triodos Bank realiza para posicionarse como banco líder con valores éticos.
La identidad de la empresa social en España: análisis desde cuatro realidades socioeconómicas
Authors: Solórzano García Marta , Guzmán Alfonso Carmen , Savall Morera Teresa , Villajos Girona Esther 
Published: May 2018

La realidad y la literatura científica de la empresa social han ido adquiriendo mayor relevancia durante los últimos años en España, aunque no ha llegado a equipararse a los niveles de otros países europeos, en los cuales el concepto goza de un mayor reconocimiento y desarrollo. Si bien se pueden identificar ejemplos de empresas sociales en nuestro país desde el siglo XV, no es hasta hace una década cuando se ha acuñado el concepto de manera más generalizada.Nuestro objetivo es identificar los modelos de empresa social existentes en España sobre cada uno de los enfoques considerados en la literatura específica de empresa social.Partiendo de la metodología y el trabajo desarrollado dentro del proyecto ICSEM (equipo español), estableceremos una clasificación de los distintos modelos de empresas sociales, utilizando como referencia las fronteras conceptuales de cuatro realidades socioeconómicas presentes en España: la economía social, el Tercer Sector de Acción Social, la economía solidaria y el Emprendimiento Social.Como resultado más relevante obtenemos una nueva perspectiva de análisis de las empresas sociales, contribuyendo así al debate actual de delimitación del concepto y realidad de la empresa social, en España en particular, y en la esfera académica en general.
Etere o non etere? Shakespeare e la radio italiana.
Authors: Paolo Caponi  
Published: May 2018

Neglected now when not forgotten, the radio has been an extraordinary instrument of cultural production in Italy and abroad between the Thirties and the Sixties. Radio drama, now much less practiced than once, has provided for a long time the opportunity for families to gather around a new domestic fireside. Initially conceived as a mere reading of the dramatic text, radio drama has been capable of evolving in forms that were highly innovative and autonomous from the habitual stage theatre. This happened both legitimizing new authors and applying new techniques of representation and broadcasting to old classics – like Shakespeare. Following the Italian vicissitudes of the Bard on radio, it is possible to evaluate the increase in popularity – and then, the decrease – of the radio as a site of cultural production.
Direct Growth of MoS2 and WS2 Layers by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Cwik Stefan , Mitoraj Dariusz , Mendoza Reyes Oliver , Rogalla Detlef , Peeters Daniel , Kim Jiyeon , Schütz Hanno Maria , Bock Claudia , Beranek Radim , Devi Anjana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor the growth of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, such as molybdenum (MoS2) and tungsten disulfides (WS2), metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) routes are favorable due to their superior scalability, the possibility to tune the processing temperatures by a proper choice of reactants thus avoiding the need for a postdeposition treatment. Herein, the first example of a promising MOCVD route for the direct fabrication of MoS2 and WS2 layers under moderate process conditions is reported. This straightforward route is successfully realized by the combination of metalorganic precursors of Mo or W bearing the amidinato ligand with just elemental sulfur. The formation of stoichiometric hexagonal 2H‐MoS2 and 2H‐WS2 is demonstrated which is confirmed by Raman, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. The deposited layers are evaluated for their electrocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution reaction as a proof of principle for application in water splitting devices.
Pt–Graphene Contacts Fabricated by Plasma Functionalization and Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Vervuurt René H. J. , Karasulu B. , Thissen Nick F. W. , Jiao Yuqing , Weber Jan‐Willem , Kessels Wilhelmus (Erwin) M. M. , Bol Ageeth A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPt–graphene contacts are fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on H2 and O2 plasma functionalized graphene. The plasma functionalization of graphene enables the growth of uniform Pt layers on graphene by ALD and improves the Pt–graphene interaction, which results in a reduced Pt–graphene contact resistance. Devices created using a H2 plasma treatment before Pt ALD perform considerably better than the ones created using O2 plasma treatments (Rc = 0.4 ± 0.2 kΩ µm and Rc = 1.2 ± 0.1 kΩ µm, respectively). The lower performance of the O2 plasma treatments is attributed to a less favorable Pt–graphene oxide interaction and the amorphization of graphene due to the O2 plasma interaction. Supporting the latter, density functional theory calculations indicate that the CH groups created by a H2 plasma treatment leave the π‐conjugation (by C‐pz orbitals) of graphene largely intact, resulting in good in‐plane and out‐of‐plane conductivity. The CO groups formed by an O2 plasma treatment however disturb the C‐pz character, deteriorating the in‐plane conduction of graphene, despite the good out‐of‐plane conduction. The results indicate that the treatment of graphene by H2 plasma is a straightforward approach to improve the ALD growth on graphene and reduce the Pt–graphene contact resistance.
Electrochemical Fabrication and Sensing Application of Multicolored Silver Films
Authors: Li Na , Yu Linan , Wei Pingping , Ji Junyi , Zhao Jiupeng , Zhang Qiao , Li Yao , Yin Yadong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study demonstrates an electrochemical method for the deposition of Ag nanoparticles with anisotropic quasi‐flat structures on solid substrates to form thin films with tunable plasmonic bands covering the full visible range (from 450 to 780 nm). By manipulating the electrodeposition conditions (such as the concentration of capping ligands and pulse voltage), the size and aspect ratio of the deposited silver nanostructures can be controlled and subsequently their plasmonic bands can be tuned. Unlike the free colloidal nanoparticles that often aggregate when exposed to poor solvents, the electrodeposited Ag nanostructured films adhere strongly to the substrates, allowing for their convenient use as effective sensors for the rapid detection of various solvents and their mixtures based on refractive indices. This work provides a new and robust pathway for the preparation of supported plasmonic nanostructured films with controllable morphology and desirable optical property and stability.
Performance of various Si/Al ratios ofZSM‐5‐filled polydimethylsiloxane/polyethersulfone membrane in butanol recovery by pervaporation
Authors: Xue Guangpeng , Shi Baoli 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVarious Si/Al ratios (25, 50, 150, 300) ofZSM‐5‐filledPDMS/PESmembranes were prepared in this work.FTIR,SEM, and a self‐designed apparatus were used to characterize the morphology ofZSM‐5 particles and the morphology and mechanical properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The affinity ofZSM‐5 particles with four different Si/Al ratios toward butanol was investigated via physical imbibition. In the pervaporation (PV) process, it is shown that the Si/Al ratio ofZSM‐5 significantly influences separation performance ofMMMs. As the Si/Al ratio increased from 25 to 300, the separation factor was increased from 16.5 to 24.1. Moreover, as the loading content ofZSM‐5 increased from 0 to 50 wt.%, the separation factor increased from 15.6 to 24.0 and the total flux increased from 101.7 to 146.3 g/(m2 h). Furthermore, as the downstream pressure increased from 0.6 to 3 kPa,MMMs gradually lost the selectivity.