bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Play in(g) international theory
Authors: Hirst Aggie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile the study of games and gaming has increased in International Relations in recent years, a corresponding exploration of play has yet to be developed in the field. While play features in several key areas – including game theory, videogames and popular culture, and pedagogical role-plays and simulations – little work has been done to analyse its presence in, and potentials for, the discipline. The aim of this article is to introduce the study of play to IR. It does this by demonstrating that play is political, and that it is at work across the global arena. Drawing on the deconstructive tradition associated with Jacques Derrida, its core contribution is a theorisation of play. The central argument developed is that play is (auto)deconstructive. By this I mean (1) that play precipitates an unravelling of any attempt at its conceptualisation, and (2) that this illustrates the value of a deconstructive approach to international theory. This claim is substantiated through an analysis of four key binary oppositions derived from Johan Huizinga'sHomo Ludens. Having shown how play powerfully deconstructs its own conceptual foundations, I argue that a playful approach offers a robust challenge to entrenched assumptions in international theory.
Melanopsin and calbindin immunoreactivity in the inner retina of humans and marmosets
Authors: Chandra Ashleigh J. , Lee Sammy C.S. , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In primate retina, the calcium-binding protein calbindin is expressed by a variety of neurons including cones, bipolar cells, and amacrine cells but it is not known which type(s) of cell express calbindin in the ganglion cell layer. The present study aimed to identify calbindin-positive cell type(s) in the amacrine and ganglion cell layer of human and marmoset retina using immunohistochemical markers for ganglion cells (RBPMS and melanopsin) and cholinergic amacrine (ChAT) cells. Intracellular injections following immunolabeling was used to reveal the morphology of calbindin-positive cells. In human retina, calbindin-labeled cells in the ganglion cell layer were identified as inner and outer stratifying melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells, and ON ChAT (starburst amacrine) cells. In marmoset, calbindin immunoreactivity in the ganglion cell layer was absent from ganglion cells but present in ON ChAT cells. In the inner nuclear layer of human retina, calbindin was found in melanopsin-expressing displaced ganglion cells and in at least two populations of amacrine cells including about a quarter of the OFF ChAT cells. In marmoset, a very low proportion of OFF ChAT cells was calbindin-positive. These results suggest that in both species there may be two types of OFF ChAT cells. Consistent with previous studies, the ratio of ON to OFF ChAT cells was about 70 to 30 in human and 30 to 70 in marmoset. Our results show that there are species-related differences between different primates with respect to the expression of calbindin.
Archaeologist, Collector and Antiquities Agent: The Activities of Captain Robert Mignan of the Bombay European Regiment during the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: MERCER MALCOLM 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ancient site of Babylon has long attracted the interest of European visitors. With the expansion of British geopolitical interests into the Middle East and India during the eighteenth century those in the service of the East India Company were afforded new opportunities to examine and explore regional antiquities. The historiography of archaeological exploration has traditionally focused on the contributions of key Orientalists such as Claudius James Rich and Paul Émile Botta. This has been at the expense of other equally significant individuals who also undertook a range of supporting scholarly, archaeological and museological activities. This article will redress that balance by considering the work of one of these unsung heroes of the East India Company, Captain Robert Mignan.
Application of the Maximum Flow–Minimum Cut Algorithm to Segmentation and Clustering of Materials Datasets
Authors: Brust Alexander F. , Payton Eric J. , Hobbs Toren J. , Niezgoda Stephen R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProblems involving image segmentation, atomic cluster identification, segmentation of microstructure constituents in images and austenite reconstruction have seen various approaches attempt to solve them with mixed results. No single computational technique has been able to effectively tackle these problems due to the vast differences between them. We propose the application of graph cutting as a versatile technique that can provide solutions to numerous materials data analysis problems. This can be attributed to its configuration flexibility coupled with the ability to handle noisy experimental data. Implementation of aBayesian statisticalapproach allows for thepriorinformation, based on experimental results and already ingrained within nodes, to drive the expected solutions. This way, nodes within the graph can be grouped together with similar, neighboring nodes that are then assigned to a specific system with respect to calculated likelihoods. Associating probabilities with potential solutions and states of the system allows for quantitative, stochastic analysis. The promising, robust results for each problem indicate the potential usefulness of the technique so long as a network of nodes can be effectively established within the model system.
Image-based Characterization of 3D Collagen Networks and the Effect of Embedded Cells
Authors: Olivares Vanesa , Cóndor Mar , Del Amo Cristina , Asín Jesús , Borau Carlos , García-Aznar José Manuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCollagen microstructure is closely related to the mechanical properties of tissues and affects cell migration through the extracellular matrix. To study these structures, three-dimensional (3D)in vitrocollagen-based gels are often used, attempting to mimic the natural environment of cells. Some key parameters of the microstructure of these gels are fiber orientation, fiber length, or pore size, which define the mechanical properties of the network and therefore condition cell behavior. In the present study, an automated tool to reconstruct 3D collagen networks is used to extract the aforementioned parameters of gels of different collagen concentration and determine how their microstructure is affected by the presence of cells. Two different experiments are presented to test the functionality of the method: first, collagen gels are embedded within a microfluidic device and collagen fibers are imaged by using confocal fluorescence microscopy; second, collagen gels are directly polymerized in a cell culture dish and collagen fibers are imaged by confocal reflection microscopy. Finally, we investigate and compare the collagen microstructure far from and in the vicinities of MDA-MB 23 cells, finding that cell activity during migration was able to strongly modify the orientation of the collagen fibers and the porosity-related values.
Growth of Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoribbons on Oriented Ag and Au Nanostructures: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Study
Authors: Maiti Paramita , Mitra Arijit , Juluri R. R. , Rath Ashutosh , Satyam Parlapalli V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report the growth of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanoribbons (NRs) on epitaxial Ag and oriented Au nanostructures (NSs) using an ultra-high vacuum (UHV)-molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique at different substrate temperatures. An approximately 2 nm silver (Ag) film has been deposited at different growth temperatures (using UHV-MBE) on cleaned Si(100), Si(110), and Si(111) substrates. For faceted Au NSs, an approximately 50 nm Au film has been deposited (using high-vacuum thermal evaporation) on a Si(100) substrate with a native oxide layer at the interface and the sample was annealed in low vacuum (≈10−2) and at high temperature (≈975°C). Scanning electron microscopy measurements were performed to determine the morphology of MoO3/Ag and MoO3/Au composite films. From energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental mapping and line scans it is found that faceted Au NSs are more favorable for the growth of MoO3 NRs than epitaxial Ag microstructures.
Dust Storm Outbreak in Central Asia After ~3.5 kyr BP
Authors: Han Wenxia , Lü Shuang , Appel Erwin , Berger André , Madsen David , Vandenberghe Jef , Yu Lupeng , Han Yongxiang , Yang Yibo , Zhang Tao , Teng Xiaohua , Fang Xiaomin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe evolution and driving factors underlying dust activity in central Asia remain controversial, particularly in its effects on downwind regions. We present a Holocene dust storm activity record retrieved from the Tarim Basin (TB) and perform linear and nonlinear analyses on dust records from the TB and the Greenland areas. The results indicate a similar response of dust activities to total solar irradiance in both areas, and an outbreak of dust storms in the TB at ~3.5 kyr BP. We suggest that decreasing temperature in high northern latitudes, aided by solar activity change, reached a critical threshold near ~3.5 kyr BP. The resulting steepening of the meridional temperature gradient would have facilitated strengthening and southward shift of the Northern Hemisphere westerly jet, leading to the outbreak of dust storms through intensification of low level wind intensity and prolonged spring conditions in the Asian interior.
The Evolution of a Pitch‐Angle “Bite‐Out” Scattering Signature Caused by EMIC Wave Activity: A Case Study
Authors: Bingley L. , Angelopoulos V. , Sibeck D. , Zhang X. , Halford A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are understood to be one of the dominant drivers of relativistic electron loss from Earth's radiation belts. Theory predicts that the associated gyroresonant wave‐particle interaction results in a distinct energy‐dependent “bite‐out” signature in the normalized flux distribution of electrons as they are scattered into the loss cone. We identify such signatures along with the responsible EMIC waves captured in situ by the Van Allen Probes on 15–16 February 2017. Using the cold plasma approximation, we predict the pitch‐angle cutoffs for the scattering signature for the captured EMIC wave and find it in good agreement with the observed electron bite‐out scattering signature. Employing the close conjunction between the Van Allen Probes and THEMIS during this time, we explore the temporal and spatial evolution of the scattering signature, as well as the surrounding wave activity, and find that the scattering signature formed during continued wave activity over a period less than a day. These results are consistent with wave‐particle interaction theory and support the hypothesis that EMIC waves are an important mechanism for rapid relativistic electron loss from the radiation belts.
Statistic and Isotopic Characterization of Deep‐Sea Sediments in the Western North Pacific Ocean: Implications for Genesis of the Sediment Extremely Enriched in Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Yasukawa Kazutaka , Ohta Junichiro , Miyazaki Takashi , Vaglarov Bogdan Stefanov , Chang Qing , Ueki Kenta , Toyama Chiaki , Kimura Jun‐Ichi , Tanaka Erika , Nakamura Kentaro , Fujinaga Koichiro , Iijima Koichi , Iwamori Hikaru , Kato Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA certain type of deep‐sea sediment exhibits very high content of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) and is therefore expected to serve as a novel resource for these industrially essential metals. In this paper, we statistically analyzed the bulk chemical composition of deep‐sea sediments collected from the western North Pacific Ocean. By applying independent component analysis to the multielemental data set, we extracted three independent components (ICs) that can be interpreted as the influence of Mn‐oxides (IC1), REY‐enriched biogenic calcium phosphate (IC2), and possibly a diagenetic effect involving Cu enrichment (IC3) on bulk sediment geochemistry. Subsequently, we selected representative samples based on the independent component analysis result, and implemented Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic analyses of bulk sediments. The results indicate that the extremely REY‐rich mud characterized by IC2 inherits the geochemical signature of deep Pacific seawater, whereas the non‐REY‐rich mud with less diagenetic alterations, characterized by IC3, implies an influence of terrigenous dust probably from the Taklimakan desert–Chinese loess plateau. IC1 may reflect the variation in sedimentation rates. Characteristic downhole variations of IC1 and IC3 scores imply the presence of hiatus and/or erosion of the sediment column across the REY content peak. The putative cause is an enhanced bottom current, which can physically separate coarse biogenic calcium phosphate grains with very high REY content and thus produce an extremely REY‐enriched sediment layer.
A New High‐Resolution Magnetic Scanner for Sedimentary Sections
Authors: Demory F. , Uehara M. , Quesnel Y. , Rochette P. , Romey C. , Tachikawa K. , Garcia M. , Borschneck D. , Pignol L. , Bard E. , Andrieu‐Ponel V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe developed a fully automated magnetic field scanner dedicated to uniaxial magnetic field measurements to determine remanent magnetization intensities and their variations in sedimentary U‐channels. A fluxgate magnetometer located as close as possible to the sedimentary section is used to perform uniaxial measurements of magnetic fields generated by the isothermal remanent magnetization of the sediment. This artificial magnetization, which is known to be a powerful proxy in environmental magnetism, is produced perpendicular to the U‐channel long axis, and parallel to the fluxgate axis, using a Halbach cylinder prior to the measurement. The present magnetic scanner offers a maximal spatial resolution of 5.8 mm for point sources. A spatial resolution of 14 mm is obtained for U‐channel samples. The magnetic scanner presents a reliable magnetic field range over about 3 orders of magnitude allowing measurement of magnetizations that saturate the Superconducting Rock Magnetometer in its classical configuration. The estimation of remanent magnetization intensities along the U‐channel is based on a modeling approach that uses successive uniformly magnetized prisms. In lacustrine laminated sections, comparison between modeling results based on prisms of a constant thickness, on prisms determined from sedimentary facies, and on prisms determined from X‐ray fluorescence data helps to understand the detrital versus diagenetic history of the sedimentary succession.
Laboratory Measurement of Large‐Amplitude Whistler Pulses Generated by Fast Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Haw Magnus A. , Seo Byonghoon , Bellan Paul M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present observations of large‐amplitude (δB/B∼ 0.01) oblique whistler wave pulses generated by a spontaneous, 3‐D localized magnetic reconnection event in the Caltech jet experiment. The wave pulses are measured more than 50 ion skin depths from the reconnection location by a tetrahedron array of three‐axis B‐dot probes that mimic the pyramid flight formations of the Cluster and Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission spacecraft. Measurements of background parameters, wave polarization, and wave dispersion confirm that the pulses are whistler modes. These results demonstrate that localized impulsive reconnection events can generate large‐amplitude, oblique whistler wave pulses that propagate far outside the reconnection region. This provides a new pathway for the generation of magnetospheric whistler pulses and may help explain relativistic particle acceleration in phenomena such as solar flares that incorporate 3‐D localized impulsive magnetic reconnection.
Intensification of the Pre‐Meiyu Rainband in the Late 21st Century
Authors: Chiang John C. H. , Fischer Johannes , Kong Wenwen , Herman Michael J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIncreased atmospheric moisture content and changing land‐ocean thermal contrasts are usually implicated in the East Asian summer rainfall response to global warming. We highlight an additional influence whereby increased meridional stationary eddy circulation downstream of the Tibetan Plateau drives a stronger moisture flux convergence over southeastern China, intensifying the early summer rainband. This effect occurs robustly across the Community Earth System Model large ensemble Representative Control Pathway 8.5 simulations, and only for its pre‐Meiyu stage (mid‐May through late June). The westerly jet impinging on the Plateau is also enhanced, suggesting an orographic influence on the westerlies as the root cause. The increased westerlies result from warmer tropical tropospheric temperatures that enhance the meridional temperature gradient at the latitudes of the Plateau. Our results highlight the potential role of the westerlies in altering the East Asian early summer monsoon rainfall in the late 21st century.
New Estimates of Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects and Forcing From A‐Train Satellite Observations
Authors: Matus Alexander V. , L'Ecuyer Tristan S. , Henderson David S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAerosol direct radiative effects are assessed using multi‐sensor observations from the A‐Train satellite constellation. By leveraging vertical cloud and aerosol information from CloudSat and CALIPSO, this study reports new global estimates of aerosol radiative effects and the component owing to anthropogenic aerosols. We estimate that the global mean aerosol direct radiative effect is −2.40 W/m2 with an error of ± 0.6 W/m2 owing to uncertainties in aerosol type classification and optical depth retrievals. Anthropogenic direct radiative forcing is assessed using new observation‐based aerosol radiative kernels. Anthropogenic aerosols are found to account for 21% of the global radiative effect, or −0.50 ± 0.3 W/m2, mainly from sulfate pollution (−0.54 W/m2) partially offset by absorption from smoke (0.03 W/m2). Uncertainty estimates effectively rule out the possibility that anthropogenic aerosols warm the planet, although strong positive forcing is observed locally where anthropogenic aerosols reside above clouds and bright surfaces.
Biological profile of monocyte-derived macrophages in coronary heart disease patients: implications for plaque morphology
Authors: Eligini Sonia , Cosentino Nicola , Fiorelli Susanna , Fabbiocchi Franco , Niccoli Giampaolo , Refaat Hesham , Camera Marina , Calligaris Giuseppe , De Martini Stefano , Bonomi Alice , Veglia Fabrizio , Fracassi Francesco , Crea Filippo , Marenzi Giancarlo , Tremoli Elena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of a macrophage phenotype in atherosclerotic plaque may drive its progression and/or instability. Macrophages from coronary plaques are not available, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are usually considered as a surrogate. We compared the MDM profile obtained from coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and healthy subjects, and we evaluated the association between CAD MDM profile and in vivo coronary plaque characteristics assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). At morphological analysis, MDMs of CAD patients had a higher prevalence of round than spindle cells, whereas in healthy subjects the prevalence of the two morphotypes was similar. Compared to healthy subjects, MDMs of CAD patients had reduced efferocytosis, lower transglutaminase-2, CD206 and CD163 receptor levels, and higher tissue factor (TF) levels. At OCT, patients with a higher prevalence of round MDMs showed more frequently a lipid-rich plaque, a thin-cap fibroatheroma, a greater intra-plaque macrophage accumulation, and a ruptured plaque. The MDM efferocytosis correlated with minimal lumen area, and TF levels in MDMs correlated with the presence of ruptured plaque. MDMs obtained from CAD patients are characterized by a morpho-phenotypic heterogeneity with a prevalence of round cells, showing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic properties. The MDM profile allows identifying CAD patients at high risk.
Environmental Dust Particles Repelling from A Hydrophobic Surface under Electrostatic Influence
Authors: Yilbas B. S. , Al-Qahtani Hussain , Al-Sharafi Abdullah , Bahattab Saeed , Hassan Ghassan , Al-Aqeeli N. , Kassas M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnvironmental dust particles repelling from a hydrophobic surface under the electrostatic influence are considered and the dynamics of the dust particles are analyzed incorporating the high speed camera. The velocity of the repelled dust particles are formulated using the force balance incorporating the forces associated with the electrostatic repulsion, particle adhesion, particle drag, and the inflight particles interaction under the charge influence. The functionalized silica particles are deposited on the glass surface towards achieving a hydrophobic wetting state on the surface. An electronic circuitry is designed and built while generating the electrostatic effect, in the pulse form, on the dust particles located on the surface of the hydrophobic plate. Findings revealed that functionalized silica particles deposited surface results in hydrophobic wetting state with contact angle in the order of 158° ± 2° and contact angle hysteresis of 2° ± 1°. The electrostatic impulsive force generated on the plate surface enables to repel most of the sizes of the dust particles; however, some of the small dust particles remain as the residues on the surface after the electrostatic influence. The dust particle velocity predicted from the analytical formulation agrees with that obtained from the high speed camera data. The pinning force of the small size particles (0.6 µm≤), due to adhesion on the surface, is found to be larger than the average size particles (∼1.2 µm), which in turn, suppresses these particles repelling from the surface under the electrostatic influence. The residues of the dust particles on the as received glass surface after dust repelling are more than those residues on the hydrophobic surface. This behavior is associated with the dust particles adhesion on the surface. Consequently, hydrophobic wetting state on the plate surface improves the dust particle repelling from the surface.
Water dynamics in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a neutron scattering descriptive study
Authors: Martins Murillo L. , Dinitzen Alexander B. , Mamontov Eugene , Rudić Svemir , Pereira José E. M. , Hartmann-Petersen Rasmus , Herwig Kenneth W. , Bordallo Heloisa N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWater mobility in cancer cells could be a powerful parameter to predict the progression or remission of tumors. In the present descriptive work, new insight into this concept was achieved by combining neutron scattering and thermal analyses. The results provide the first step to untangle the role played by water dynamics in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) after treatment with a chemotherapy drug. By thermal analyses, the cells were probed as micrometric reservoirs of bulk-like and confined water populations. Under this perspective we showed that the drug clearly alters the properties of the confined water. We have independently validated this idea by accessing the cellular water dynamics using inelastic neutron scattering. Finally, analysis of the quasi-elastic neutron scattering data allows us to hypothesize that, in this particular cell line, diffusion increases in the intracellular water in response to the action of the drug on the nanosecond timescale.