bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Successful Chemical Application Water Shut Off Job in Dual Completed Well Short Tubing and Oriented Perforations to Enhance Well Productivity in Burgan South Kuwait
Authors: AL-Rashidi Alyah , Jain Manish , Tirkey Naween , AL-Ammar Heyam , Al-Ajmi Salem , Weiss Adrian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Greater Burgan Field has been producing from more than 70 years and brings many challenges with the maturing field. During the last decade almost all the new wells drilled were completed as dual completions to simultaneously produce from two different formations in Burgan. As the workover rig activity tremendously increased with the increased number of new wells per year, it has been a constant endeavor to carry out maximum well intervention jobs possibly by rig less operations to reduce rig related OPEX and well production down time during rig work over.
One of the biggest long term challenges was to carry out well interventions in dual completions short tubing, which was used to be considered inaccessible due to presence of tubing long in the well bore. In view of above, most of the intended well interventions in tubing short were normally used to be proclaimed as work over candidate thereby increasing load on limited work over rigs.
First time in Burgan a dual completion well was carefully identified to carry out water shut off job by chemical application and adding perforation by oriented perforation gun in short tubing. The tubing short was producing from BGSU reservoir and became ceased to flow due to lateral water encroachment which was evident from the recent PNC log. The formation layer below BGSM was still having oil potential and was intended to produce after shutting off the upper layer BGSU. The Tubing Long was producing from deeper reservoir BGSL around 1200 BLPD with 50% W/C.
This paper elaborates the procedures adopted during the execution of the job and selection process of the chemical squeeze technology. The best suitable chemical technology was selected after carrying out a careful & detailed approach towards different vendors. The step by step detailed program was prepared to squeeze the chemical in to existing perforations, cleaning to the desired depth, testing the squeezed perforations and adding new perforations below with oriented perforations gun.
The results were quite encouraging with sustainable oil gain of 1400 BOPD and the detailed cost/pay back analysis indicated the payback period of only 1.5 days of production.
This successful job has opened a new era in the history of Burgan field and many other water shut off jobs may be successfully carried out without the need of rig work over. This not only will reduce the work load on rig work overs and save rig cost significantly but will also allow to increase the well productivity with a very short period of well down time.
Alternative Fuels Development in Europe: Threat or Opportunity for the Middle East?
Authors: Van Haute Maarten 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

PART IFuels Developments in Europe: a threat?

Introduction
In 2015 195 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have signed the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016, after being ratified by 55 countries - representing at least 55% of total greenhouse gas emissions.
The Paris Agreement's long-term goal is to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels; and to limit the increase to 1.5 C, since this would substantially reduce the risks and effects of climate change. Being aware of climate change, aleady in 2009 The European Union published the original Renewable Energy Directive (RED 2009/28/EC) that establishes an overall policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the EU. It requires the EU to fulfil at least 20% of its total energy needs with renewables by 2020 – to be achieved through the attainment of individual national targets. As a subtarget all EU member states must also ensure that at least 10% of their transport fuels come from renewable sources by 2020.
In December 2018, the revised Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001/EU entered into force. It establishes a new binding renewable energy target for the EU for 2030 of at least 32%, with a clause for a possible upwards revision by 2023. Under the new Governance regulation, EU countries are required to draft 10-year National Energy & Climate Plans (NECPs) for 2021-2030, outlining how they will meet the new 2030 targets for renewable energy and for energy efficiency. The subtarget of for renewable energy in transport is raised to 14%.
A Collaborative Approach in Horizontal Drilling for Well Cost Optimization and Optimum Drainage, Minagish Field, West Kuwait
Authors: Gezeery T.. , Halawa Y.. , Rashidi M.. , Matter S.. , Ramadan Z.. , Osman S.. , Ahmed A.. , Al-Hamad N.. , Kumar D.. , Siam M.. , Abdelbaset S.. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Cenomanian Wara Formation in Minagish Field is composed mainly of coastal plain deposits, observed at field scale along with shallow marine shales and carbonate bioclastic sandy beds. They are locally disrupted by embedded channelized sandy bodies from fluvio-tidal origin. The reservoir units are represented by different channel geometries with limited areal extension. The placement and completion of horizontal and highly deviated wells in such reservoir is a challenge necessitating a collaborative approach to avoid major well bore instability issues. These issues have a significant impact on the well cost and time line. In addition, having the right placement and completion is important for optimizing the drainage contact. To address such challenges during the different stages of the drilling operation, different technologies were used. For example, while the well was drilling through the unstable Wara and Ahmadi shaley formations, a Logging While Drilling (LWD) sonic and gamma ray (GR) tools were used to update in realtime a predrill geomechanical model with the formation acoustic and GR properties. Having such measurements allowed calculating the right mud weight density which resulted in drilling a stable borehole. This was confirmed by the absence of cavings and tight spots thought out the whole operation. On the other hand, the drain section was drilled in Wara channel sands which are known to be composed of a thinly bedded faulted sand-silt sequence with the sand layers being relatively radioactive. To help steering in such complex environment, a combination of LWD tools were chosen to place the well in the sweet spot of the target. These tools involved using the advanced deep azimuthal resistivity (geosteering) and the Multi-Function LWD (advanced petrophysics) tools. As a result of this, the horizontal section was proactively geosteered in the reservoir in which 1049 ft MD were steered in the high-quality sand layers.
Poor mental health of livestock farmers in Africa: a mixed methods case study from Ghana
Authors: Nuvey Francis Sena , Kreppel Katharina , Nortey Priscilla Awo , Addo-Lartey Adolphina , Sarfo Bismark , Fokou Gilbert , Ameme Donne Kofi , Kenu Ernest , Sackey Samuel , Addo Kennedy Kwasi , Afari Edwin , Chibanda Dixon , Bonfoh Bassirou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Agriculture represents the mainstay of African economies and livestock products are essential to the human population’s nutritional needs. However, in many developing countries, including Ghana, livestock production fails to meet demand due to population growth and negative effects of climate change. One of the challenges to production is livestock loss affecting farmers. However, despite stressful events experienced, livestock farmers’ mental health is poorly documented. This study aims to identify the root causes of livestock losses and their influence on pastoralists’ mental health. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study in two districts in the Northern and Southern Belts of Ghana. Using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 and guided interviews, we collected quantitative and qualitative data from 287 livestock farmers and 24 key-informants respectively. Mental health scores were categorized using standard guidelines. We evaluated the factors that explained variations in mental wellbeing using linear regression models ( α =0.05). Results: About 85% (240/287) of the livestock farmers lost cattle within one year. Of these, 91% lost cattle to animal diseases, 50% to theft and 27% to pasture shortages. Findings showed that 60% of livestock farmers had poor mental health. Of those, 72% were depressed, 66% anxious and 59% stressed. Mental wellbeing was negatively associated with the number of adverse events experienced, proportion of livestock lost, emotional attachment to livestock and self-reported illnesses in farmers, but positively associated with increasing herd size [F (5,281) = 17.19, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.23]. Qualitative findings reveal that due to poor access to veterinary services, farmers treat livestock diseases themselves with drugs from unregulated sources and often sell diseased cows for meat to recover losses. Conclusions: Livestock diseases are the leading cause of losses to livestock farmers, whose mental wellbeing is negatively affected by these losses. Although an adaptive strategy by farmers to compensate for poor veterinary services, the arbitrary use of veterinary drugs and sale of diseased cattle pose health risks to the public. Further research to evaluate the performance of veterinary services in Ghana, mental health problems and risk to human health due to potential high-risk meat entering the food chain, is needed.
Machine learning prediction of oncology drug targets based on protein and network properties
Authors: Dezso Zoltan , Ceccarelli Michele 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The selection and prioritization of drug targets is a central problem in drug discovery. Computational approaches can leverage the growing number of large-scale human genomics and proteomics data to make in-silico target identification, reducing the cost and the time needed. Results We developed a machine learning approach to score proteins to generate a druggability score of novel targets. In our model we incorporated 70 protein features which included properties derived from the sequence, features characterizing protein functions as well as network properties derived from the protein-protein interaction network. The advantage of this approach is that it is unbiased and even less studied proteins with limited information about their function can score well as most of the features are independent of the accumulated literature. We build models on a training set which consist of targets with approved drugs and a negative set of non-drug targets. The machine learning techniques help to identify the most important combination of features differentiating validated targets from non-targets. We validated our predictions on an independent set of clinical trial drug targets, achieving a high accuracy characterized by an AUC of 0.89. Our most predictive features included biological function of proteins, network centrality measures, protein essentiality, tissue specificity, localization and solvent accessibility. Our predictions, based on a small set of 102 validated oncology targets, recovered the majority of known drug targets and identifies a novel set of proteins as drug target candidates. Conclusions We developed a machine learning approach to prioritize proteins according to their similarity to approved drug targets. We have shown that the method proposed is highly predictive on a validation dataset consisting of 277 targets of clinical trial drug confirming that our computational approach is an efficient and cost-effective tool for drug target discovery and prioritization. Our predictions were based on oncology targets and cancer relevant biological functions, resulting in significantly higher scores for targets of oncology clinical trial drugs compared to the scores of targets of trial drugs for other indications. Our approach can be used to make indication specific drug-target prediction by combining generic druggability features with indication specific biological functions.
Network governance forms in healthcare: Empirical evidence from two Italian cancer networks
Authors: Vecchio Mario Del , Romiti Anna , Sartor Gino 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The study focuses on the application of a well known framework of networks governance modes to the specific field of healthcare public networks, extending the framework to the analysis of systems in which networks are involved. The aim of the study is to identify which contextual factors (internal and external to the networks) of different governance modes are critical for network effectiveness. Methods: A qualitative study of two clinical networks belonging to the Italian healthcare system was conducted. The sample for interviews included representatives of the regional administration (n = 4), network coordinators (n = 6), and general and clinical directors of health organizations involved in the two networks (n = 25). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews.Results: Our study confirms the general validity of Provan and Kenis’ framework and shows how other specific factors and contingencies may affect the possibility of the two cancer networks finding positive equilibria between competing needs of inclusivity and efficiency, internal and external legitimacy, stability and flexibility. Concerning the first tension, our study shows the importance of distinguishing the professional inclusiveness of the organizational inclusiveness with respect to which of the two networks are characterized by different components. In both a critical role is played by a professional figure who acts as the network broker in managing the legitimacy tension, although the nature of the role actually played and the characteristics of individuals appear to be different. Few differences across networks are shown about the third tension in respect to which both networks are characterized by the network governance’s stability although both were involved in two Italian regions that underwent healthcare system reconfiguration.Conclusions: Our study shows the importance of considering three factors and contingencies that may affect network effectiveness: a) the importance of looking at the networks governance modes not in isolation, but in close relationship to the regional systems’ governance; b) the influence of the specific network governance structure on the capability of the network to respond to tensions and achieve its goals; and c) the need to take into due account the role of professionals in network governance.
Specific humoral response in cancer patients treated with a VEGF therapeutic vaccine under a compassionate use program
Authors: Ramírez Javier Sánchez , Díaz Yanelys Morera , Bequet-Romero Mónica , Hernández-Bernal Francisco , Bauta Yenima Martín , Bernal Katty-Hind Selman-Housein , Santos Ana Victoria de la Torre , Iglesia Mariela Pérez de la , Lorenzo Lian Trimiño , Program Team of Investigators of Compassionate use , Avila Marta Ayala 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: CIGB-247 is a cancer therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a variant of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mixed with the bacterial-derived adjuvant VSSP. This VEGF vaccine has been evaluated in phase I clinical trials CENTAURO and CENTAURO-2, showing to be safe and immunogenic in advanced cancer patients selected under well-defined and controlled clinical conditions. Surviving patients were submitted to monthly re-immunizations and some of them showed objective clinical benefits. These observations led us to initiate a compassionate use program of CIGB-247 in patients who do not meet entry criteria applied for CENTAURO and CENTAURO-2 clinical trials. Results: This report shows the characterization of the humoral response elicited after vaccination with 400 µg of antigen combined with 200 µg of VSSP in cancer patients representative of the Cuban real clinical practice setting. Polyclonal antibody response was specific to VEGF, and showed no cross reactivity with other VEGF family members like VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Specific IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies detected in the serum of vaccinated patients were able to block the binding of VEGF to its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Serum-purified IgG fraction exhibited all these properties. For the first time, there is experimental evidence of the presence of polyclonal antibodies directed to clinically relevant epitopes on VEGF. These elicited antibodies impaired the high affinity interaction between VEGF and monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic drug approved in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of different tumors. This investigation also shows preliminary evidences of safety and immunogenicity of CIGB-247 in cancer patients under clinical conditions not yet explored. Conclusions: CIGB-247 was immunogenic in a broader patient population, and induced Bevacizumab-like polyclonal antibodies, indicating that the VEGF-specific antibody response could have a potentially relevant clinical activity.
The Gut microbiota in Sheep of Different Breeds in Qinghai Province
Authors: Chang Jianjun , Author) Xiaoting Yao(Former Corresponding , Zuo Chenxiang , Qi Yuxu , Chen Dekun , Author) Wen-Tao Ma(New Corresponding 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota play important roles in their co-evolution with mammals and may influence their emissions into numerous habitats. Mammal lifestyle is related to immune and metabolic system, driven by difference in their gut microbiota composition. Results: Using 16S rDNA genes Illumina sequencing, we dissect the specificity of gut microbiota among four breeds of sheep and find the difference between TSs and other three types of sheep (DsSs, STHSs and DrSs). The results also indicate that gut microbes effect on the adaptation of high-elevation animals, which can contribute to the survival of their hosts in high-altitude conditions. Besides, the analysis of function abundance profile shows that commensal bacteria are entirely possible to coevolved with their host genomes by gene lineages contribute to energy metabolism. And the study of low methane metabolism in mammals at high-elevation environment may give theoretical basis for the biologic supervision of greenhouse gas emissions, which is the byproduct of high-methane-producing animals. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results reveal the value of characterizing mammalian gut microbiomes to fully understand mammal’s lifestyle among different breeds.
Prevalence and associated factors of Female Sexual Dysfunction among Female Population in Aksum Town, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2019. A Community Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Gebrezgabhier Gebreslasie , Desta Haftom , Berhe Tesfay , Hailu Etsay , Gebrehiwot Fitsum , Kifle Yohannes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective : Female sexual dysfunction is age related, progressive and highly prevalent, afffecting more than half of womens in general population. A Community based cross sectional study was implemented from March to April 2019 and a total of 823 participants were interviewed. Data was entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS Version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the association. The p-value less than 0.05 found from multivariate logistic regression analysis was considered as statistically significant. The strength of the association was presented by odds ratio with 95% C.I and model fitness was checked by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness and goodness fit was 0.086. Result : A total of 823 women were completed the questionery with mean of Age and in this study the prevalence of Female sexual dysfunction was found to be 57.1% . Factors like , old age (AOR= 4 .12; 95% C.I:1.39, 12.22), being divorced (AOR=4.83; 95% C.I: 2.41, 9.66), widowed (AOR=3.28; 95% C.I:1.58, 6.80), single (AOR=6.24; 95% C.I: 2.22, 17.53), menopause (AOR=2.11; 95% C.I:1.06, 4.20), pill contraceptive (AOR=0.24; 95% C.I: 0.06, 0.95) were the factors associated with Female sexual dysfunction in the study area.
Combining physical therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to improve balance confidence and community participation in people with unilateral transtibial amputation who use lower limb prostheses: a study protocol for a randomized sham-control clinical trial
Authors: Bourque McKenzie , Schneider Kristin L , Calamari John E , Reddin Christopher , Stachowiak Aaron , Major Matthew J , Duncan Chad , Muthukrishnan Sri Ranjini , Rosenblatt Noah J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Low balance confidence is a prevalent yet overlooked issue among people who use lower limb prostheses (LLP) that can diminish community integration and quality of life. There is a critical need to develop rehabilitation programs that specifically target balance confidence in people who use LLP. Previous research has shown that multicomponent interventions including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques and exercise are feasible and effective for improving balance confidence in older adults. Therefore, a cognitive behavioral-physical therapy (CBPT) intervention was developed to target balance confidence and increase community integration in people who use LLP. Methods : This randomized control trial will recruit sixty people who use LLP with low balance confidence. Participants will be randomized to the CBPT intervention condition or control condition.Discussion : The trial is designed to test the effects of the CBPT intervention on balance confidence and functional mobility in lower limb prosthesis users by examining self-reported and objective measures of community integration and quality of life. The trial will also examine the relationship between changes in balance confidence and changes in community integration following participation in CBPT intervention. Additionally, through participant feedback, researchers will identify opportunities to improve intervention efficacy.