bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-11 is essential in promoting osteolysis in breast cancer bone metastasis via RANKL-independent activation of osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Liang Mengmeng , Ma Qinyu , Ding Ning , Luo Fei , Bai Yun , Kang Fei , Gong Xiaoshan , Dong Rui , Dai Jingjin , Dai Qijie , Dou Ce , Dong Shiwu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA variety of osteolytic factors have been identified from breast cancer cells leading to osteolysis, but less is known about which factor plays an essential role in the initiation process prior to the overt vicious osteolytic cycle. Here, we present in vitro and in vivo evidences to clarify the role of interleukin-11 (IL-11) as an essential contributor to breast cancer bone metastasis mediated osteolysis. Animal studies showed that bone specific metastatic BoM-1833 cells induce earlier onset of osteolysis and faster tumor growth compared with MCF7 and parental MDA-MB-231 cells in BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice. IL-11 was further screened and identified as the indispensable factor secreted by BoM-1833 cells inducing osteoclastogenesis independently of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Mechanistic investigation revealed that the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway as a downstream effector of IL-11, STAT3 activation further induces the expression of c-Myc, a necessary factor required for osteoclastogenesis. By inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, AG-490 was shown effective in reducing osteolysis and tumor growth in the metastatic niche. Overall, our results revealed the essential role and the underlying molecular mechanism of IL-11 in breast cancer bone metastasis mediated osteolysis. STAT3 targeting through AG-490 is a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating osteolysis and tumor growth of bone metastatic breast cancer.
The glycosylation design space for recombinant lysosomal replacement enzymes produced in CHO cells
Authors: Tian Weihua , Ye Zilu , Wang Shengjun , Schulz Morten Alder , Van Coillie Julie , Sun Lingbo , Chen Yen-Hsi , Narimatsu Yoshiki , Hansen Lars , Kristensen Claus , Mandel Ulla , Bennett Eric Paul , Jabbarzadeh-Tabrizi Siamak , Schiffmann Raphael , Shen Jin-Song , Vakhrushev Sergey Y. , Clausen Henrik , Yang Zhang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLysosomal replacement enzymes are essential therapeutic options for rare congenital lysosomal enzyme deficiencies, but enzymes in clinical use are only partially effective due to short circulatory half-life and inefficient biodistribution. Replacement enzymes are primarily taken up by cell surface glycan receptors, and glycan structures influence uptake, biodistribution, and circulation time. It has not been possible to design and systematically study effects of different glycan features. Here we present a comprehensive gene engineering screen in Chinese hamster ovary cells that enables production of lysosomal enzymes with N-glycans custom designed to affect key glycan features guiding cellular uptake and circulation. We demonstrate distinct circulation time and organ distribution of selected glycoforms of α-galactosidase A in a Fabry disease mouse model, and find that an α2-3 sialylated glycoform designed to eliminate uptake by the mannose 6-phosphate and mannose receptors exhibits improved circulation time and targeting to hard-to-reach organs such as heart. The developed design matrix and engineered CHO cell lines enables systematic studies towards improving enzyme replacement therapeutics.
Reversed size-dependent stabilization of ordered nanophases
Authors: Pirart J. , Front A. , Rapetti D. , Andreazza-Vignolle C. , Andreazza P. , Mottet C. , Ferrando R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe size increase of a nanoscale material is commonly associated with the increased stability of its ordered phases. Here we give a counterexample to this trend by considering the formation of the defect-free L11 ordered phase in AgPt nanoparticles, and showing that it is better stabilized in small nanoparticles (up to 2.5 nm) than in larger ones, in which the ordered phase breaks in multiple domains or is interrupted by faults. The driving force for the L11 phase formation in small nanoparticles is the segregation of a monolayer silver shell (an Ag-skin) which prevents the element with higher surface energy (Pt) from occupying surface sites. With increasing particle size, the Ag-skin causes internal stress in the L11 domains which cannot thus exceed the critical size of ~2.5 nm. A multiscale modelling approach using full-DFT global optimization calculations and atomistic modelling is used to interpret the findings.
Liver-target nanotechnology facilitates berberine to ameliorate cardio-metabolic diseases
Authors: Guo Hui-Hui , Feng Chen-Lin , Zhang Wen-Xuan , Luo Zhi-Gang , Zhang Hong-Juan , Zhang Ting-Ting , Ma Chen , Zhan Yun , Li Rui , Wu Song , Abliz Zeper , Li Cong , Li Xiao-Lin , Ma Xiao-Lei , Wang Lu-Lu , Zheng Wen-Sheng , Han Yan-Xing , Jiang Jian-Dong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCardiovascular and metabolic disease (CMD) remains a main cause of premature death worldwide. Berberine (BBR), a lipid-lowering botanic compound with diversified potency against metabolic disorders, is a promising candidate for ameliorating CMD. The liver is the target of BBR so that liver-site accumulation could be important for fulfilling its therapeutic effect. In this study a rational designed micelle (CTA-Mic) consisting of α-tocopheryl hydrophobic core and on-site detachable polyethylene glycol-thiol shell is developed for effective liver deposition of BBR. The bio-distribution analysis proves that the accumulation of BBR in liver is increased by 248.8% assisted by micelles. Up-regulation of a range of energy-related genes is detectable in the HepG2 cells and in vivo. In the high fat diet-fed mice, BBR-CTA-Mic intervention remarkably improves metabolic profiles and reduces the formation of aortic arch plaque. Our results provide proof-of-concept for a liver-targeting strategy to ameliorate CMD using natural medicines facilitated by Nano-technology.
Combining 3D single molecule localization strategies for reproducible bioimaging
Authors: Cabriel Clément , Bourg Nicolas , Jouchet Pierre , Dupuis Guillaume , Leterrier Christophe , Baron Aurélie , Badet-Denisot Marie-Ange , Vauzeilles Boris , Fort Emmanuel , Lévêque-Fort Sandrine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHere, we present a 3D localization-based super-resolution technique providing a slowly varying localization precision over a 1 μm range with precisions down to 15 nm. The axial localization is performed through a combination of point spread function (PSF) shaping and supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF), which yields absolute axial information. Using a dual-view scheme, the axial detection is decoupled from the lateral detection and optimized independently to provide a weakly anisotropic 3D resolution over the imaging range. This method can be readily implemented on most homemade PSF shaping setups and provides drift-free, tilt-insensitive and achromatic results. Its insensitivity to these unavoidable experimental biases is especially adapted for multicolor 3D super-resolution microscopy, as we demonstrate by imaging cell cytoskeleton, living bacteria membranes and axon periodic submembrane scaffolds. We further illustrate the interest of the technique for biological multicolor imaging over a several-μm range by direct merging of multiple acquisitions at different depths.
Scaling of domain cascades in stripe and skyrmion phases
Authors: Singh A. , Lee J. C. T , Avila K. E. , Chen Y. , Montoya S. A. , Fullerton E. E. , Fischer P. , Dahmen K. A. , Kevan S. D. , Sanyal M. K. , Roy S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe origin of deterministic macroscopic properties often lies in microscopic stochastic motion. Magnetic fluctuations that manifest as domain avalanches and chaotic magnetization jumps exemplify such stochastic motion and have been studied in great detail. Here we report Fourier space studies of avalanches in a system exhibiting competing magnetic stripe and skyrmion phase using a soft X-ray speckle metrology technique. We demonstrate the existence of phase boundaries and underlying critical points in the stripe and skyrmion phases. We found that distinct scaling and universality classes are associated with these domain topologies. The magnitude and frequency of abrupt magnetic domain jumps observed in the stripe phase are dramatically reduced in the skyrmion phase. Our results provide an incisive way to probe and understand phase stability in systems exhibiting complex spin topologies.
Development and application of a high-content virion display human GPCR array
Authors: Syu Guan-Da , Wang Shih-Chin , Ma Guangzhong , Liu Shuang , Pearce Donna , Prakash Atish , Henson Brandon , Weng Lien-Chun , Ghosh Devlina , Ramos Pedro , Eichinger Daniel , Pino Ignacio , Dong Xinzhong , Xiao Jie , Wang Shaopeng , Tao Nongjian , Kim Kwang Sik , Desai Prashant J. , Zhu Heng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHuman G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to various ligands and stimuli. However, GPCRs rely on membrane for proper folding, making their biochemical properties difficult to study. By displaying GPCRs in viral envelopes, we fabricated a Virion Display (VirD) array containing 315 non-olfactory human GPCRs for functional characterization. Using this array, we found that 10 of 20 anti-GPCR mAbs were ultra-specific. We further demonstrated that those failed in the mAb assays could recognize their canonical ligands, suggesting proper folding. Next, using two peptide ligands on the VirD-GPCR array, we identified expected interactions and novel interactions. Finally, we screened the array with group B Streptococcus, a major cause of neonatal meningitis, and demonstrated that inhibition of a newly identified target, CysLTR1, reduced bacterial penetration both in vitro and in vivo. We believe that the VirD-GPCR array holds great potential for high-throughput screening for small molecule drugs, affinity reagents, and ligand deorphanization.
Copper-containing glass ceramic with high antimicrobial efficacy
Authors: Gross Timothy M. , Lahiri Joydeep , Golas Avantika , Luo Jian , Verrier Florence , Kurzejewski Jackie L. , Baker David E. , Wang Jie , Novak Paul F. , Snyder Michael J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHospital acquired infections (HAIs) and the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains are major threats to human health. Copper is well known for its high antimicrobial efficacy, including the ability to kill superbugs and the notorious ESKAPE group of pathogens. We sought a material that maintains the antimicrobial efficacy of copper while minimizing the downsides – cost, appearance and metallic properties – that limit application. Here we describe a copper-glass ceramic powder as an additive for antimicrobial surfaces; its mechanism is based on the controlled release of copper (I) ions (Cu1+) from cuprite nanocrystals that form in situ in the water labile phase of the biphasic glass ceramic. Latex paints containing copper-glass ceramic powder exhibit ≥99.9% reduction in S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. aerogenes and E. Coli colony counts when evaluated by the US EPA test method for efficacy of copper-alloy surfaces as sanitizer, approaching that of benchmark metallic copper.
Heteroepitaxial passivation of Cs2AgBiBr6 wafers with suppressed ionic migration for X-ray imaging
Authors: Yang Bo , Pan Weicheng , Wu Haodi , Niu Guangda , Yuan Jun-Hui , Xue Kan-Hao , Yin Lixiao , Du Xinyuan , Miao Xiang-Shui , Yang Xiaoquan , Xie Qingguo , Tang Jiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractX-ray detectors are broadly utilized in medical imaging and product inspection. Halide perovskites recently demonstrate excellent performance for direct X-ray detection. However, ionic migration causes large noise and baseline drift, limiting the detection and imaging performance. Here we largely eliminate the ionic migration in cesium silver bismuth bromide (Cs2AgBiBr6) polycrystalline wafers by introducing bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) as heteroepitaxial passivation layers. Good lattice match between BiOBr and Cs2AgBiBr6 enables complete defect passivation and suppressed ionic migration. The detector hence achieves outstanding balanced performance with a signal drifting one order of magnitude lower than all previous studies, low noise (1/f noise free), a high sensitivity of 250 µC Gy air−1 cm–2, and a spatial resolution of 4.9 lp mm−1. The wafer area could be easily scaled up by the isostatic-pressing method, together with the heteroepitaxial passivation, strengthens the competitiveness of Cs2AgBiBr6-based X-ray detectors as next-generation X-ray imaging flat panels.
Red-shifting mutation of light-driven sodium-pump rhodopsin
Authors: Inoue Keiichi , del Carmen Marín María , Tomida Sahoko , Nakamura Ryoko , Nakajima Yuta , Olivucci Massimo , Kandori Hideki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicrobial rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins that transport various ions using light energy. While they are widely used in optogenetics to optically control neuronal activity, rhodopsins that function with longer-wavelength light are highly demanded because of their low phototoxicity and high tissue penetration. Here, we achieve a 40-nm red-shift in the absorption wavelength of a sodium-pump rhodopsin (KR2) by altering dipole moment of residues around the retinal chromophore (KR2 P219T/S254A) without impairing its ion-transport activity. Structural differences in the chromophore of the red-shifted protein from that of the wildtype are observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. QM/MM models generated with an automated protocol show that the changes in the electrostatic interaction between protein and chromophore induced by the amino-acid replacements, lowered the energy gap between the ground and the first electronically excited state. Based on these insights, a natural sodium pump with red-shifted absorption is identified from Jannaschia seosinensis.
Rapid CO2 mineralisation into calcite at the CarbFix storage site quantified using calcium isotopes
Authors: Pogge von Strandmann Philip A. E. , Burton Kevin W. , Snæbjörnsdóttir Sandra O. , Sigfússon Bergur , Aradóttir Edda S. , Gunnarsson Ingvi , Alfredsson Helgi A. , Mesfin Kiflom G. , Oelkers Eric H. , Gislason Sigurður R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe engineered removal of atmospheric CO2 is now considered a key component of mitigating climate warming below 1.5 °C. Mineral carbonation is a potential negative emissions technique that, in the case of Iceland’s CarbFix experiment, precipitates dissolved CO2 as carbonate minerals in basaltic groundwater settings. Here we use calcium (Ca) isotopes in both pre- and post-CO2 injection waters to quantify the amount of carbonate precipitated, and hence CO2 stored. Ca isotope ratios rapidly increase with the pH and calcite saturation state, indicating calcite precipitation. Calculations suggest that up to 93% of dissolved Ca is removed into calcite during certain phases of injection. In total, our results suggest that 165 ± 8.3 t CO2 were precipitated into calcite, an overall carbon storage efficiency of 72 ± 5%. The success of this approach opens the potential for quantification of similar mineral carbonation efforts where drawdown rates cannot be estimated by other means.
Genomic analysis on pygmy hog reveals extensive interbreeding during wild boar expansion
Authors: Liu Langqing , Bosse Mirte , Megens Hendrik-Jan , Frantz Laurent A. F. , Lee Young-Lim , Irving-Pease Evan K. , Narayan Goutam , Groenen Martien A. M. , Madsen Ole 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWild boar (Sus scrofa) drastically colonized mainland Eurasia and North Africa, most likely from East Asia during the Plio-Pleistocene (2–1Mya). In recent studies, based on genome-wide information, it was hypothesized that wild boar did not replace the species it encountered, but instead exchanged genetic materials with them through admixture. The highly endangered pygmy hog (Porcula salvania) is the only suid species in mainland Eurasia known to have outlived this expansion, and therefore provides a unique opportunity to test this hybridization hypothesis. Analyses of pygmy hog genomes indicate that despite large phylogenetic divergence (~2 My), wild boar and pygmy hog did indeed interbreed as the former expanded across Eurasia. In addition, we also assess the taxonomic placement of the donor of another introgression, pertaining to a now-extinct species with a deep phylogenetic placement in the Suidae tree. Altogether, our analyses indicate that the rapid spread of wild boar was facilitated by inter-specific/inter-generic admixtures.
Modular coherent photonic-aided payload receiver for communications satellites
Authors: Duarte Vanessa C. , Prata João G. , Ribeiro Carlos F. , Nogueira Rogério N. , Winzer Georg , Zimmermann Lars , Walker Rob , Clements Stephen , Filipowicz Marta , Napierała Marek , Nasiłowski Tomasz , Crabb Jonathan , Kechagias Marios , Stampoulidis Leontios , Anzalchi Javad , Drummond Miguel V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUbiquitous satellite communications are in a leading position for bridging the digital divide. Fulfilling such a mission will require satellite services on par with fibre services, both in bandwidth and cost. Achieving such a performance requires a new generation of communications payloads powered by large-scale processors, enabling a dynamic allocation of hundreds of beams with a total capacity beyond 1 Tbit s−1. The fact that the scale of the processor is proportional to the wavelength of its signals has made photonics a key technology for its implementation. However, one last challenge hinders the introduction of photonics: while large-scale processors demand a modular implementation, coherency among signals must be preserved using simple methods. Here, we demonstrate a coherent photonic-aided receiver meeting such demands. This work shows that a modular and coherent photonic-aided payload is feasible, making way to an extensive introduction of photonics in next generation communications satellites.
4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase
Authors: Barros Jaime , Escamilla-Trevino Luis , Song Luhua , Rao Xiaolan , Serrani-Yarce Juan Carlos , Palacios Maite Docampo , Engle Nancy , Choudhury Feroza K. , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Venables Barney J. , Mittler Ron , Dixon Richard A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLignin biosynthesis is evolutionarily conserved among higher plants and features a critical 3-hydroxylation reaction involving phenolic esters. However, increasing evidence questions the involvement of a single pathway to lignin formation in vascular plants. Here we describe an enzyme catalyzing the direct 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumarate to caffeate in lignin biosynthesis as a bifunctional peroxidase that oxidizes both ascorbate and 4-coumarate at comparable rates. A combination of biochemical and genetic evidence in the model plants Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana supports a role for this coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) in the early steps of lignin biosynthesis. The subsequent efficient O-methylation of caffeate to ferulate in grasses is substantiated by in vivo biochemical assays. Our results identify C3H as the only non-membrane bound hydroxylase in the lignin pathway and revise the currently accepted models of lignin biosynthesis, suggesting new gene targets to improve forage and bioenergy crops.
Synthetic spin–orbit coupling and topological polaritons in Janeys–Cummings lattices
Authors: Gu Feng-Lei , Liu Jia , Mei Feng , Jia Suotang , Zhang Dan-Wei , Xue Zheng-Yuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe interaction between a photon and a qubit in the Janeys–Cummings (JC) model generates a kind of quasiparticle called polariton. While they are widely used in quantum optics, difficulties in engineering-controllable coupling of them severely limit their applications to simulate spinful quantum systems. Here we show that, in the superconducting quantum circuit context, polariton states in the single-excitation manifold of a JC lattice can be used to simulate a spin-1/2 system, based on which tunable synthetic spin–orbit coupling and novel topological polaritons can be generated and explored. The lattice is formed by a sequence of coupled transmission line resonators, each of which is connected to a transmon qubit. Synthetic spin–orbit coupling and the effective Zeeman field of the polariton can both be tuned by modulating the coupling strength between neighboring resonators, allowing for the realization of a large variety of polaritonic topological semimetal bands. Methods for detecting the polaritonic topological edge states and topological invariants are also proposed. Therefore, our work suggests that the JC lattice is a versatile platform for exploring spinful topological states of matter, which may inspire developments of topologically protected quantum optical and information-processing devices.
Optical signatures of energy gap in correlated Dirac fermions
Authors: Uykur Ece , Li Weiwu , Kuntscher Christine A. , Dressel Martin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDirac fermions attract considerable interest for several years and tremendous efforts are devoted to unveil the Dirac/Weyl semimetallic state in real crystalline systems. The behavior of Dirac fermions under strong correlations and in the proximity of other ordered states is under particular scrutiny as robust experimental signatures are scarce. α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 constitutes a superior model in this regard because the Dirac state occurs next to an electronically ordered ground state enabling us to investigate and deliberately vary the exotic properties in correlated Dirac fermions. The charge-ordered insulator gradually evolves to a metal when pressure is applied, and at low temperatures the electronic bands form tilted Dirac-like cones. Here, we present systematic low-temperature infrared experiments on α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 in an extended pressure range. A metallic state with a frequency-independent optical conductivity indicates the coexistence of the trivial and massless Dirac electrons. We discover the opening of an energy gap due to correlated Dirac fermions at the boundary to the insulating state; it is gradually suppressed when pressure increases. The unique possibility of tuning the correlated Dirac state provides unprecedented insight into this novel electronic state and yields information relevant for Dirac electron systems in general.