bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of peer support on inpatient and outpatient payments among people with Type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu D. , Graffy J. , Holman D. , Robins P. , Cai Y. , Zhao Z. , Simmons D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of a low‐cost diabetes peer‐support intervention, aimed at reducing inpatient and outpatient care utilization and healthcare payments, by conducting a cohort study that followed up a randomized controlled trial.MethodsA total of 1121 adults with Type 2 diabetes were recruited through general practices in Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire, UK, and were followed up for 3.25 financial years after 8–12 months of one‐to‐one, group or combined diabetes peer support and usual care. Use of, and payments for inpatient and outpatient services were fully recorded in the follow‐up. Adjusted mean inpatient and outpatient payments per person were estimated using a two‐part model after adjusting for baseline characteristics.ResultsThe mean age of the recruited adults was 65.6±11.4 years, 60.4% were male, and 16.8% were insulin‐treated. Compared with the control group, less healthcare utilization (especially non‐elective inpatient care and outpatient consultations) was observed in each of the intervention groups, particularly the combined intervention group. Over the course of 3.25 financial years, significant reductions of 41% (£909.20 per head) were observed for overall inpatient payments (P<0.0001), 51% (£514.67 per head) for non‐elective inpatient payments (P=0.005) in the combined intervention group, and 34% (£413.30 per head) and 32% (£388.99 per head) for elective inpatient payments in the one‐to‐one (P=0.029) and combined intervention (P=0.048) groups, respectively.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes peer support, whether delivered using a one‐to‐one, group or combined approach was associated with reduced inpatient care utilization (particularly non‐elective admissions) and payments over 3.25 years.
Effect of peer support on diabetes distress: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ju C. , Shi R. , Yao L. , Ye X. , Jia M. , Han J. , Yang T. , Lu Q. , Jin H. , Cai X. , Yuan S. , Xie B. , Yu X. , Coufal M. M. , Fisher E. B. , Sun Z. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate whether peer support would reduce diabetes distress and improve glycaemic control when added to usual diabetes education among adults with Type 2 diabetes in China.MethodsWe conducted a cluster randomized trial involving 400 adults with Type 2 diabetes from eight communities in Nanjing. All participants received usual education for an average of 2 h each month from physicians, certified diabetes educators, dieticians, psychologists and podiatric nurses. Peer support was led by trained peer leaders and included diabetes knowledge‐ and skills‐sharing at least once a month, as well as peer‐to‐peer communication. The primary outcome was diabetes distress measured using the Diabetes Distress Scale at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h postprandial glucose and HbA1c concentration. Outcome data were collected from all participants at baseline, 6 months and 12 months.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2013, there were 200 participants in each study arm at baseline. Compared with the usual education arm, the peer support with usual education arm had greater reductions in regimen‐related distress (1.4 ± 0.6 vs 1.2 ± 0.4; P=0.004) and total distress (1.3 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.3; P=0.038) at 6 months. At 12 months, the scores for emotional burden (1.2 ± 0.3 vs 1.4 ± 0.6; P=0.002), physician‐related distress (1.1 ± 0.3 vs 1.3 ± 0.4; P=0.001) and total scores (1.2 ± 0.3 vs 1.3 ± 0.4; P=0.002) were significantly lower in the peer support with usual education arm than in the usual education arm. Fasting plasma glucose levels were lower in the peer support with usual education arm than in the usual education arm at 6 months (7.5 ± 1.95 vs 8.0 ± 2.2; P=0.044) and 12 months (7.0 ± 2.3 vs 7.6 ± 1.5; P=0.008).ConclusionsBeyond the benefits of usual education, peer support was effective in reducing diabetes distress for Type 2 diabetes mellitus.(Clinical Trials Registry no: NCT02119572)
Experiential Learning for Logistics and Supply Chain Management Using an SAP ERP Software Simulation
Authors: Angolia Mark G. , Pagliari Leslie R. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis teaching brief describes a three‐echelon supply chain simulation that involves complex decision making in a dynamic environment. Using a team‐based logistics simulation operating on a live commercial‐software application (SAP ERP) as a foundation, a supplemental exercise is proposed for deeper learning of transportation and logistics aspects of supply chain management. Sales and operations planning is used during four simulated months to develop detailed procurement strategies and logistics plans to enhance the baseline supply chain management (SCM) concepts of inventory control and forecasting in a distribution network. Transportation planning and scheduling complexity is introduced as students manage freight to conform to motor carrier weight regulations. The combination of commercial software and extensive real‐world planning allows students to assimilate numerous SCM concepts in a realistic environment. Student opinion survey data shows that students are highly engaged by the detailed nature of the simulation, which they concluded aided their conceptual learning. Additionally, the inclusion of the SAP ERP commercial software becomes a competitive advantage during collegiate recruiting by potential employers.
Examining the Relationship between Math Self‐Efficacy and Statistics Motivation in the Introductory Business Statistics Course: Self‐Compassion as a Mediator
Authors: Ramos Salazar Leslie 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBecause business statistics students often experience a lack of statistical motivation, business educators need to understand the factors that influence students’ motivation levels in undergraduate‐level business statistics courses. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of math self‐efficacy and self‐compassion on students’ motivation levels and the gender differences among the main variables. The regression results showed that math self‐efficacy was a positive predictor of statistics motivation. Self‐compassion was also found to be a partial mediator of the relationship between math self‐efficacy and statistics motivation. Gender differences were also found in business students’ math self‐efficacy, self‐compassion, and statistics motivation.
Attitudes Towards Large Income Risk in Welfare States: An International Comparison
Authors: Schroyen Fred , Aarbu Karl Ove 
Published: March 2018

Using survey data and the instrument developed by Barsky et al. (), we estimate the distribution of attitudes towards income risk in a country where many employment and health‐related risks are generously covered by a tax‐financed social insurance system (Norway in 2006). Under a constant relative risk aversion assumption, the sample average for the coefficient of relative risk aversion is 3.8 with standard deviation 2.3. This number is then contrasted to that for five other OECD countries where risk attitudes have been measured using the same instrument and also prior to the financial crisis: Chile, France, Italy, the Netherlands and the USA. When we relate this distribution for stated relative risk aversion to that for generosity of social insurance and the risks related to employment and health expenditure, a picture emerges suggesting that more extensive welfare states induce higher risk tolerance for foreground risks—a relationship that is in line with the theory on risk vulnerability.
Public–private wage differential in a post‐transition economy
Authors: Grotkowska Gabriela , Wincenciak Leszek , Gajderowicz Tomasz 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this study, we estimate the public sector wage premium in a post‐transition economy, a quarter of a century since the collapse of the old regime. Our methodology uses a copula method to estimate the switching regression model, which allows for the relaxation of the restrictive assumption of joint normality. We control for employment selection into both sectors using an instrument based on information regarding learned professions. We use data from the Polish Survey of Earnings by Occupations (2012). Contrary to earlier results for Poland, we found positive selection into employment in both sectors, with positive average treatment effect on the treated and negative average treatment effect on the untreated. The results suggest that both private and public sector employees select themselves into the sector in which they earn more than they would in a counterfactual scenario.
Physiological and behavioural responses to hypoxia in an invasive freshwater fish species and a native competitor
Authors: Nati Julie J.H. , Lindström Jan , Yeomans William , Killen Shaun S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe spread of invasive species is one of the major environmental concerns which can have negative effects on biodiversity. While several life history traits have been identified as being important for increasing the invasiveness of introduced species, the physiological factors that allow certain species to become successful invaders remain poorly understood. It has been speculated that good invaders are thriving in disturbed environments. In unfavourable conditions, as during hypoxic events, invasive species might be better adapted in their physiological and behavioural responses towards this stressor. We compared physiological and behavioural traits between two freshwater fish species: the European bullhead (Cottus gobio), an invasive fish species in Scotland, and its native competitor the stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) over different dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO). Contrary to expectations, bullhead displayed a reduced hypoxia tolerance as compared to stone loach, indicated by a higher threshold (Pcrit) for the maintenance of standard metabolism. Avoidance behaviour during progressive hypoxia was similar between bullhead and stone loach. When given a choice between an open normoxic zone and a shelter located in hypoxia, both species spent most of their time hiding under the shelter in hypoxic conditions (bullhead: 100%; stone loach: 93.93%–99.73%), although stone loach showed brief excursions into normoxic conditions under 25% DO level. These results suggest that stone loach might be more resistant to hypoxia as compared to bullhead, and thus that increased hypoxia tolerance is likely not a trait by which bullhead have been able to expand their range within the United Kingdom.
On the species status of Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus and L. belgradiensis
Authors: Maleita C. M. N. , Abrantes I. M. O. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryLaimaphelenchus belgradiensis and L. hyrcanus species, both recently described, were morphologically, morphometrically and molecularly compared based on original descriptions, including photomicrographs and drawings. Although L. belgradiensis males were not found, all female morphological and morphometric characters are comparable for the two Laimaphelenchus species. The shape and structure of the tail tip, currently considered to be one of the most important morphological character used for differentiation within the genus, does not differ between L. belgradiensis and L. hyrcanus: four pedunculated tubercles in a square position, ending in 9‐10/10‐12 finger‐like protrusions. Additionally, the D2‐D3 expansion segments of the large subunit of ribosomal RNA were also very similar, with only three differences in alignment. Thus, this study proposes the taxonomic status of L. belgradiensis as a junior synonym of L. hyrcanus.
Occurrence of Diplodia corticola, including new oak host records, in Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Smith D. R. , Stanosz G. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn the United States, diseased oaks (Quercus species) exhibit tip blight, branch and stem cankers, and dieback often attributed to Diplodia species or related fungi. Emergence of Diplodia corticola as a pathogen of European oaks, and reports of this fungus in the eastern and western United States, prompted re‐examination of strains from Wisconsin. These had been obtained in the late 1990s and early 2000s and previously identified only as Diplodia species. Nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences were obtained from the Wisconsin strains and analysed with other sequences from GenBank. Wisconsin strains confirmed as D. corticola were from northern red oak (Q. rubra), black oak (Q. velutina), white oak (Q. alba) and bur oak (Q. macrocarpa). Other strains from oaks in Wisconsin were D. mutila and D. seriata. Wound inoculation of northern red, white and bur oak seedlings with D. corticola in a greenhouse resulted in shoot death and stem lesions, from which the pathogen was reisolated. We conclude that D. corticola has been present in the northcentral United States for at least two decades and report two previously unrecognized hosts of this pathogen: white oak and bur oak. The roles of D. corticola, related fungi and influences of other environmental factors in deterioration of oak health in North America merit additional investigation.
The risk to Myrtaceae of Austropuccinia psidii, myrtle rust, in Mexico
Authors: Esperón‐Rodríguez M. , Baumgartner J. B. , Beaumont L. J. , Berthon K. , Carnegie A. J. , Alfonzetti M. A. , Barradas V. L. , Leishman M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAustropuccinia psidii is a biotrophic rust fungus that affects species from the Myrtaceae family. In Mexico, Myrtaceae is widely distributed in temperate, tropical and semi‐arid ecosystems, and includes 20 genera and 192 endemic and exotic species. Austropuccinia psidii has been present in Mexico for the last four decades; however, little is known about the distribution of this rust or the vulnerability of native and exotic Myrtaceae to infection. In this study, we used global occurrence records for the pandemic biotype of myrtle rust to model its current and future suitable habitat using a species distribution model, Maxent. We identified regions that are highly suitable for myrtle rust establishment, now and in the future (2050). Additionally, we identified the Myrtaceae species known to be susceptible to rust infection and that are currently distributed in areas with high rust habitat suitability. Thirty‐six susceptible plant species and 142 untested species are distributed within areas of suitable rust habitat and are considered potentially at risk of rust infection. Current suitable habitat is mainly restricted to the east coast of Mexico, with Veracruz, Puebla, Chiapas, Tabasco and Oaxaca being the most vulnerable regions to the rust under current and future climates. We encourage monitoring within these regions by surveying locations where the rust occurs and within areas with high suitable habitat to determine the threat to native ecosystems and industries reliant on Myrtaceae. We also recommend screening to test the susceptibility of Myrtaceae species with no known susceptibility rating.
Experience of associative stigma in parents of adolescents at risk for psychosis
Authors: Baron Julia , Salvador Melina , Loewy Rachel 
Published: March 2018

AimThis qualitative study examined the lived experience of associative stigma for parents of adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis. A central goal was to empower families to tell their stories and to use the themes that emerge from this narrative data to make recommendations that might support families coping with a loved one being diagnosed with risk for psychosis.MethodsTwelve parents of adolescents diagnosed with the clinical high risk for psychosis syndrome were interviewed using a semi‐structured approach. The qualitative study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to focus on experiences of associative stigma and the way parents make sense of these experiences.ResultsFrom these interviews, the researcher identified themes and subthemes categorized into major domains that represent topics particularly relevant to these 12 parents. Two main domains emerged as particularly salient to parents' experiences with associative stigma: perceptions of stigma and coping with stigma.ConclusionsParticipants' insights demonstrated increased experience of stigma associated with psychotic‐like symptoms as compared to other psychiatric symptoms, attempts to balance fighting against stigma with the privacy needs of adolescents, and participation in research as less stigmatizing than non‐specialty care. Stigma impacted treatment‐seeking and participation in family groups that were seen as both potentially supportive and threatening. The interviews provided an opportunity for these families to voice their unique experiences, which expands the literature on the topic of caregivers of adolescents at risk for psychosis as treatment programs for the clinical high risk syndrome expand across the United States.
Subthreshold social cognitive deficits may be a key to distinguish 22q11.2DS from schizophrenia
Authors: Peyroux Elodie , Rigard Caroline , Saucourt Guillaume , Poisson Alice , Plasse Julien , Franck Nicolas , Demily Caroline 
Published: March 2018

AimSocial cognitive impairments are core features in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Indeed, adults with 22q.11.2 DS often have poorer social competence as well as poorer performance on measures of social cognitive skills (emotion recognition and theory of mind, ToM) compared with typically developing people. However, studies comparing specific social cognitive components in 22q11.2DS and SCZ have not yet been widely conducted.MethodsIn this study we compared performances of 22q11.2DS and SCZ on both facial emotion recognition and ToM. Patients with 22q11.2DS (n = 18) and matched SCZ patients were recruited. After neuropsychological testing, the facial emotion recognition test assessed the patients' ability to recognize six basic, universal emotions (joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and contempt). The Versailles‐situational intentional reading evaluated ToM with six scenes from movies showing characters in complex interactions (involving hints, lies, and indirect speech).ResultsWe show that 22q11.2DS exhibited significantly lower performance in emotion recognition than SCZ patients did, especially for disgust, contempt, and fear. This impairment seems to be a core cognitive phenotype in 22q11.2DS, regardless of the presence of SCZ symptoms. Concerning ToM, our results may highlight the same impairment level in 22q11.2DS and SCZ but require to be replicated in a larger cohort.ConclusionOur results document the existence of threshold social cognitive deficits distinguishing 22q11.2DS from SCZ.
Lived experiences of negative symptoms in first‐episode psychosis: A qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Gee Brioney , Hodgekins Jo , Lavis Anna , Notley Caitlin , Birchwood Max , Everard Linda , Freemantle Nick , Jones Peter B. , Singh Swaran P. , Amos Tim , Marshall Max , Sharma Vimal , Smith Jo , Fowler David 
Published: March 2018

AimExploring how negative symptoms are experienced and understood by individuals with lived experience of psychosis has the potential to offer insights into the complex psychosocial processes underlying negative symptom presentations. The aim of the current study was to investigate lived experiences of negative symptoms through secondary analysis of interviews conducted with individuals recovering from first‐episode psychosis.MethodTranscripts of in‐depth interviews with participants (n = 24) recruited from Early Intervention in Psychosis services were analysed thematically with a focus on participants' experiences and personal understandings of features corresponding to the negative symptoms construct.ResultsDescriptions of reductions in expression, motivation and sociability were common features of participants' accounts. Several participants described the experience of having difficulty interacting as like being a “zombie”. Some participants experienced diminished capacity for emotion, thought or drive as underlying these experiences. However, participants typically attributed reductions in expression, motivation and sociability to medication side‐effects, lack of confidence or active avoidance intended to protect them from rejection or ridicule, sometimes linked to internalized stigma.ConclusionsPersonal accounts of experiences of reduced expression, motivation and sociability during first‐episode psychosis highlight the personal meaningfulness and role of agency in these features, challenging the framing of negative symptoms as passive manifestations of diminished capacity.
Individual factors influencing the duration of untreated psychosis
Authors: Souaiby Lama , Gauthier Claire , Kazes Mathilde , Mam‐Lam‐Fook Célia , Daban Claire , Plaze Marion , Gaillard Raphaël ,   the ICAAR study group, Krebs Marie‐Odile 
Published: March 2018

AimDuration of untreated psychosis (DUP), or the time between onset of psychosis and treatment initiation, is a prognostic factor of schizophrenia. However, few studies evaluated the relative influence of individual‐related factors on this duration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of socio‐demographic, clinical and cannabis use on DUP.MethodsThis study was part of a large prospective study in help‐seeking individuals referred to our specialized early detection / intervention clinic in the Service Hospitalo‐Universitaire of Sainte‐Anne Hospital in Paris (ICAAR study). We explored 33 consecutive patients who crossed the CAARMS' threshold of psychosis. The DUP and cannabis consumption history were explored during the baseline comprehensive assessment using all available sources (direct interviews of patients, parents, practitioners). Correlations between socio‐demographic, clinical and cannabis use, and DUP were studied. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the variables that could significantly predict DUP.ResultsWhen considered individually, none of the socio‐demographic and disease characteristic factors was associated with DUP, with the exception of level of education. In the multivariate analysis, age at inclusion, negative symptoms and history of cannabis use significantly influenced DUP.ConclusionThe determinants of DUP are multi‐factorial and include individual centred factors, such as age, cannabis and negative symptoms. The identification of factors resulting in delayed access to care may promote the development of effective strategies to reduce DUP in early psychosis and target effective early intervention.