bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Verification Methods for Nozzles in Cylinder Shells under Internal Pressure and External Loads
Authors: Benitz Klaus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVerschiedene Verfahren zum Nachweis von Stutzen in Zylinderschalen werden dargestellt und anhand eines Beispiels verglichen. Ausgegangen wird von einem Nachweis gemäß DIN EN 13445‐3, Abschn. 16.5, in dem für einen Stutzen die maximal zulässigen Lasten aus Innendruck, Axialkraft sowie Momenten in Längs‐ und Umfangsrichtung berechnet werden. Die Ergebnisse werden verglichen mit Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen, die mit einem 3D‐Schalenmodell, sowohl mit linear‐elastischem Werkstoffverhalten als auch als Traglastnachweis mit idealelastisch‐idealplastischem Werkstoffverhalten, durchgeführt wurden.
From the stand scale to the landscape scale: predicting the spatial patterns of forest regeneration after disturbance
Authors: Shive Kristen L. , Preisler Haiganoush K. , Welch Kevin R. , Safford Hugh D. , Butz Ramona J. , O'Hara Kevin L. , Stephens Scott L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractShifting disturbance regimes can have cascading effects on many ecosystems processes. This is particularly true when the scale of the disturbance no longer matches the regeneration strategy of the dominant vegetation. In the yellow pine and mixed conifer forests of California, over a century of fire exclusion and the warming climate are increasing the incidence and extent of stand‐replacing wildfire; such changes in severity patterns are altering regeneration dynamics by dramatically increasing the distance from live tree seed sources. This has raised concerns about limitations to natural reforestation and the potential for conversion to non‐forested vegetation types, which in turn has implications for shifts in many ecological processes and ecosystem services. We used a California region‐wide data set with 1,848 plots across 24 wildfires in yellow pine and mixed conifer forests to build a spatially explicit habitat suitability model for forecasting postfire forest regeneration. To model the effect of seed availability, the critical initial biological filter for regeneration, we used a novel approach to predicting spatial patterns of seed availability by estimating annual seed production from existing basal area and burn severity maps. The probability of observing any conifer seedling in a 60‐m2area (the field plot scale) was highly dependent on 30‐yr average annual precipitation, burn severity, and seed availability. We then used this model to predict regeneration probabilities across the entire extent of a “new” fire (the 2014 King Fire), which highlights the spatial variability inherent in postfire regeneration patterns. Such forecasts of postfire regeneration patterns are of importance to land managers and conservationists interested in maintaining forest cover on the landscape. Our tool can also help anticipate shifts in ecosystem properties, supporting researchers interested in investigating questions surrounding alternative stable states, and the interaction of altered disturbance regimes and the changing climate.
Capillary zone electrophoresis for the determination of amodiaquine and three of its synthetic impurities in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Mufusama Jean‐Pierre , Hoellein Ludwig , Feineis Doris , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Bringmann Gerhard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA simple and robust CZE method was developed for the separation and quantification of the antimalarial compound amodiaquine as well as three of its synthetic impurities at a concentration equal to or lower than 0.5%. For capillary electrophoresis, a fused‐silica capillary, a background electrolyte of 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer at a pH value of 6.2, a voltage of +20 kV, and a detection wavelength of 220 nm were used, allowing the determination of the analytes within 20 min. The method was validated according to the guideline Q2(R1) of the International Council for Harmonization with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification, and was successfully applied to evaluate the quality of drug samples collected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Quantitative analysis results obtained by the CZE method were compared to those obtained with the contemporary HPLC method described in The International Pharmacopoeia.
Response to John Hall's discussion (EQE‐17‐0454) to Luco and Lanzi's paper, “A New Inherent Damping Model for Inelastic Time‐History Analyses”
Authors: Luco J. Enrique , Lanzi Armando 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe paper represents our response to the discussion by John Hall of our paper on an elastic velocity damping model for inherent structural damping. The response covers the experimental evidence, physical justification, extreme case of a fully plastic structure, computational issues, and use of Caughey damping.
Effects of postharvest treatments with chitosan and putrescine to maintain quality and extend shelf‐life of two banana cultivars
Authors: Hosseini Marjan Sadat , Zahedi Seyed Morteza , Abadía Javier , Karimi Mahdieh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChitosan (1.0% and 2.0%) and putrescine (1.0 and 2.0 mmol/L) treatments were used to investigate the effects of these compounds on the postharvest quality and shelf‐life of two banana cultivars, “Native” and “Cavendish.” Fruits were stored at 15 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 85%–90% during a 20‐day period. In the controls, increases in weight loss, microbial population, total soluble solids, and ethylene production and decreases in firmness, ascorbic acid contents, and fruit lightness occurred gradually during storage. All these changes were delayed significantly after treatments with chitosan and putrescine. Application of putrescine and chitosan also caused small increases in phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity at the end of the storage period. Results obtained suggest that a treatment with 1% chitosan is effective in improving the postharvest quality and shelf‐life of banana, and open the possibility that lower concentrations of chitosan may be also effective.
Transcriptome‐wide association studies accounting for colocalization using Egger regression
Authors: Barfield Richard , Feng Helian , Gusev Alexander , Wu Lang , Zheng Wei , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Kraft Peter 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIntegrating genome‐wide association (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data into transcriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS) based on predicted expression can boost power to detect novel disease loci or pinpoint the susceptibility gene at a known disease locus. However, it is often the case that multiple eQTL genes colocalize at disease loci, making the identification of the true susceptibility gene challenging, due to confounding through linkage disequilibrium (LD). To distinguish between true susceptibility genes (where the genetic effect on phenotype is mediated through expression) and colocalization due to LD, we examine an extension of the Mendelian randomization (MR) egger regression method that allows for LD while only requiring summary association data for both GWAS and eQTL. We derive the standard TWAS approach in the context of MR and show in simulations that the standard TWAS does not control type I error for causal gene identification when eQTLs have pleiotropic or LD‐confounded effects on disease. In contrast, LD‐aware MR‐Egger (LDA MR‐Egger) regression can control type I error in this case while attaining similar power as other methods in situations where these provide valid tests. However, when the direct effects of genetic variants on traits are correlated with the eQTL associations, all of the methods we examined including LDA MR‐Egger regression can have inflated type I error. We illustrate these methods by integrating gene expression within a recent large‐scale breast cancer GWAS to provide guidance on susceptibility gene identification.
Skeletal Response to Soluble Activin Receptor Type IIB in Mouse Models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Jeong Youngjae , Daghlas Salah A , Xie Yixia , Hulbert Molly A , Pfeiffer Ferris M , Dallas Mark R , Omosule Catherine L , Pearsall R Scott , Dallas Sarah L , Phillips Charlotte L 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder primarily due to mutations in the type I collagen genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2), leading to compromised biomechanical integrity in type I collagen-containing tissues such as bone. Bone is inherently mechanosensitive and thus responds and adapts to external stimuli, such as muscle mass and contractile strength, to alter its mass and shape. Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, signals through activin receptor type IIB to negatively regulate muscle fiber growth. Because of the positive impact of myostatin deficiency on bone mass, we utilized a soluble activin receptor type IIB-mFc (sActRIIB-mFc) fusion protein in two molecularly distinct OI mouse models (G610C and oim) and evaluated their bone properties. Wild-type (WT), +/G610C, and oim/oim mice were treated from 2 to 4 months of age with either vehicle (Tris-buffered saline) or sActRIIB-mFc (10 mg/kg). Femurs of sActRIIB-mFc-treated mice exhibited increased trabecular bone volume regardless of genotype, whereas the cortical bone microarchitecture and biomechanical strength were only improved in WT and +/G610C mice. Dynamic histomorphometric analyses suggest the improved cortical bone geometry and biomechanical integrity reflect an anabolic effect due to increased mineral apposition and bone formation rates, whereas static histomorphometric analyses supported sActRIIB-mFc treatment also having an anti-catabolic impact with decreased osteoclast number per bone surface on trabecular bone regardless of sex and genotype. Together, our data suggest that sActRIIB-mFc may provide a new therapeutic direction to improve both bone and muscle properties in OI. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Almost resolvable k‐cycle systems with
Authors: Wang L. , Cao H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we show that if and , then there exists an almost resolvable k‐cycle system of order for all except possibly for and . Thus we give a partial solution to an open problem posed by Lindner, Meszka, and Rosa (J. Combin. Des., vol. 17, pp. 404–410, 2009).
The modified quasi‐Newton methods for solving unconstrained optimization problems
Authors: Dehghani R. , Hosseini M.M. , Bidabadi N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe usual quasi‐Newton method at each iteration utilize the gradients and ignores the available function value information. In this paper, we employ Taylor formula and introduce a new quasi‐Newton method, which uses both available gradient and function value information. This method approximates the Hessian matrix with excellent accuracy. The global convergence of these method associated to a general line search rule will be also shown. In addition, we will show that average performance of proposed algorithm is better than some proposed methods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gd(III) Complexes: Gd‐DTPA‐BA
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Fang Hui , Qiao Weihong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to identify different diseases. MRI contrast agents, used to enhance the MRI signal, have been studied extensively for precise diagnosis. Based on the advantages of macromolecular MRI contrast agents of higher contrast imaging ability and a longer cycle time, this article modified the most common micromolecular contrast agent (Gd‐diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid [DTPA]). 2 long saturated aliphatic chains were attached to both sides of DTPA. DTPA derivatives with 12, 14, and 16 carbon lengths were synthesized and chelated to Gd3+. 3 amphiphilic MRI contrast agents were obtained and their structures were characterized using mass spectrometry,1H NMR, and Fourier transform infrared. Furthermore, the surface tension of the compounds was measured, and liposomes were prepared by mixing the synthesized amphiphilic molecules with egg lecithin and cholesterol. The assembly behavior of the liposomes was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. TEM showed that the liposomes possessed bilayer vesicle structures. The liposome size distribution determined by DLS was from 10 to 1000 nm, and as the aliphatic chain length increased, the polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential increased. No obvious changes in the PDI and zeta potential of the liposomes were observed after 5 days at room temperature, suggesting that they possess good stability.
Determination of d‐myo‐inositol phosphates in ‘activated’ raw almonds using anion‐exchange chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Lianna Y , Mitchell Alyson E 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDActivated almonds are raw almonds that have been soaked in water for 12–24 h at room temperature, sometimes followed by a 24 h drying period at low temperature (50 ± 5 °C). This treatment is thought to enhance the nutrient bioavailability of almonds by degrading nutrient inhibitors, such as phytic acid or d‐myo‐inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6), through the release of phytase or passive diffusion of InsP6 into the soaking water. Over a wide pH range, InsP6 is a negatively charged compound that limits the absorption of essential nutrients by forming insoluble complexes with minerals such as iron and zinc. It is hypothesized that hydrating the seed during soaking triggers InsP6 degradation into lower myo‐inositol phosphates with less binding capacity.RESULTSAnion‐exchange chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify myo‐inositol mono‐, di‐, tris‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexaphosphates (InsP1–6) in raw pasteurized activated almonds. At least 24 h of soaking at ambient temperature was required to reduce InsP6 content from 14.71 to 14.01 µmol g−1.CONCLUSIONSThe reduction in InsP6 is statistically significant (P < 0.05) after 24 h of activation, but only represents a 4.75% decrease from the unsoaked almonds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid analysis of ultraviolet filters using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to headspace gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Pierson Stephen A. , Trujillo‐Rodríguez María J. , Anderson Jared L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn ionic‐liquid‐based in situ dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method coupled to headspace gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed for the rapid analysis of ultraviolet filters. The chemical structures of five ionic liquids were specifically designed to incorporate various functional groups for the favorable extraction of the target analytes. Extraction parameters including ionic liquid mass, molar ratio of ionic liquid to metathesis reagent, vortex time, ionic strength, pH, and total sample volume were studied and optimized. The effect of the headspace temperature and volume during the headspace sampling step was also evaluated to increase the sensitivity of the method. The optimized procedure is fast as it only required ∼7–10 min per extraction and allowed for multiple extractions to be performed simultaneously. In addition, the method exhibited high precision, good linearity, and low limits of detection for six ultraviolet filters in aqueous samples. The developed method was applied to both pool and lake water samples attaining acceptable relative recovery values.
Efficient and selective separation of metronidazole from human serum by using molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Bilici Mustafa , Zengin Adem , Ekmen Elvan , Cetin Demet , Aktas Nahit 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMagnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles were prepared through surface‐initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization by using metronidazole as a template. The molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The adsorption characteristics were also investigated and the kinetics of the adsorption of metronidazole on the imprinted nanoparticles were described by the second‐order kinetic model with the short equilibrium adsorption time (30 min). The adsorption isotherm was well matched with the Langmuir isotherm in which the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 40.1 mg/g. Furthermore, the imprinted magnetic nanoparticles showed good selectivity as well as reusability even after six adsorption–desorption cycles. The imprinted magnetic nanoparticles were used as a sorbent for the selective separation of metronidazole from human serum. The recoveries of metronidazole from human serum changed between 97.5 and 99.8% and showed similar sensitivity as an enzyme‐linked immunoassay method. Therefore, the molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles might have potential application for the selective and reliable separation of metronidazole from biological fluids in clinical applications.
Discrete fracture model for simulating waterflooding processes under fracturing conditions
Authors: Gallyamov Emil , Garipov Timur , Voskov Denis , Van den Hoek Paul 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn our study, we develop a model for simulating fracturing processes in a poroelastic medium. The proposed approach combines the discrete fracture model enriched with contact plane mechanics. The model captures mechanical interactions of fractures and a deformable medium, fluid, and heat transfer in fractures and in a porous medium. Both effects of poroelasticity and thermoelasticity are accounted in our model. Mass and heat conservation equations are approximated by the finite volume method, and mechanical equilibrium equations are discretized by means of the Galerkin finite element approach. Two‐dimensional grid facets between 3‐dimensional finite elements are considered as possible fracture surfaces. Most of these facets are inactive from the beginning and are activated throughout the simulation. A fracture propagation criterion, based on Irwin's approach, is verified on each nonlinear iteration. When the criterion is satisfied, additional contact elements are added into finite element and discrete fracture model formulations respectively. The proposed approach allows modeling of existing natural and artificially created fractures within one framework. The model is tested on single‐ and multiple‐phase fluid flow examples for both isothermal and thermal conditions and verified against existing semianalytical solutions. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated on an example of practical interests where a sector model of an oil reservoir is simulated with different injection and production regimes.
Preferences for models of peer support in the digital era: A cross‐sectional survey of people with cancer
Authors: Boyes Allison , Turon Heidi , Hall Alix , Watson Rochelle , Proietto Anthony , Sanson‐Fisher Robert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveMany people with cancer report an unmet need for peer support, yet participation rates are low. This study examined cancer patients' preferences for participating in peer support, and the characteristics associated with having or wanting to participate in peer support.MethodsAdult cancer patients were recruited from outpatient oncology clinics at 5 hospitals in Australia. Participants were invited to self‐complete 2 questionnaires: one at recruitment assessing their demographic and cancer characteristics, and another 4 weeks later assessing their preferences for participating in cancer‐related peer support.ResultsThe peer support questionnaire was completed by 177/273 (65%) of participants. Most (59%, n = 104) had or wanted to participate in peer support. More than half reported that it was important the people they connected with had the same cancer treatment (56%, n = 99) or type of cancer (53%, n = 94) as themselves. Half had or wanted to participate in 1‐to‐1 peer support (52%, n = 92). Half had or wanted to connect with peers face‐to‐face (53%, n = 93). Only 13% (n = 23) were receptive to connecting with peers over the internet. Being aged ≤65 years was significantly associated (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1‐5.1) with reporting a preference for participating in peer support.ConclusionsCancer patients are interested in participating in peer support, particularly those who are younger. Despite the digital era, traditional forms of peer support continue to be important in supporting people with cancer. Greater understanding of the barriers to cancer patients' involvement in potentially low cost and high reach web‐based models of peer support is required.
Re‐validation and screening capacity of the 6‐item version of the Cancer Worry Scale
Authors: Custers José A.E. , Kwakkenbos Linda , van de Wal Marieke , Prins Judith B. , Thewes Belinda 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the major existential unmet needs of cancer survivors. Due to growing availability of evidenced‐based interventions for high FCR, valid and reliable brief measures of FCR are needed. This study aimed to validate the 6‐item Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) and to establish a cut‐off score for high FCR.MethodsParticipants in this study were 1033 cancer survivors and patients recruited as part of 5 existing studies on FCR involving patients and survivors with gastro‐intestinal stromal tumors, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. De‐identified data of the CWS, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI), Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and EORTC‐QLQ‐C30 were amalgamated for the analyses.Confirmatory factor analysis of the CWS was performed. Sensitivity and specificity were tested with the FCRI as gold standard.ResultsResults confirmed that the 6‐item version of the CWS maintained good construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, and high internal consistency (α 0.90). The optimal cut‐off for the 6‐item CWS was 9 versus 10 using the 12 vs 13 FCRI‐SF score (sensitivity 82%, specificity 83%) and the 15 vs 16 FCRI‐SF score (sensitivity 88%, specificity 73%). Using the highest FCRI‐SF cut‐off (21 vs 22), the optimal CWS cut‐off was 11 vs 12 (sensitivity 88%, specificity 81%).ConclusionsThe present results provide researchers and clinicians with a brief valid and reliable measure of FCR which is suitable for measuring FCR in cancer patients and survivors.
Performances of a Pristine Graphene–Microbubble Hybrid Construct as Dual Imaging Contrast Agent and Assessment of Its Biodistribution by Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Toumia Yosra , Cerroni Barbara , Trochet Philippe , Lacerenza Savino , Oddo Letizia , Domenici Fabio , Paradossi Gaio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCoupling near‐infrared (NIR) nanoscale absorbing materials with microbubbles (MBs) can generate a multifunctional dual imaging contrast agent. A new approach is presented for a hybrid photoacoustic/ultrasound contrast enhancer where pristine graphene is stably tethered to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based MBs. The main advantages of this approach are i) the preservation of optical and mechanical properties of intact graphene for an efficient photoacoustic (PA) enhancement and ii) the echogenicity and biocompatibility due to the robust anchoring of graphene to the bioinert PVA shell. PVA MBs provide ideal platforms for drug loading and ligand tethering for specific tumor targeting. One of the crucial goals toward this direction is optimizing this system in terms of balance between favorable acoustic/photoacoustic properties, immune shielding, and cytotoxicity. Such a combination strongly depends on the bridging moieties between graphene and the microbubble surface and can be easily tuned by PEGylation. The optimized graphene PVA MBs as contrast agent provide an efficient enhancement in vivo both in ultrasound and photoacoustic modes. The spectrally separable absorbance profile allows to a first demonstration of performing real‐time in vivo multiplexed photoacoustic imaging of graphene PVA MBs, and assessment of their full body biodistribution using a Vevo LAZR‐X photoacoustic imaging system.