bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Specific Three-Dimensional Implant for Reconstruction of Complex Mandibular Defect
Authors: U Vignesh , Mehrotra Divya , Howlader Debraj , Singh Praveen Kumar , Gupta Sneha 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study was planned to evaluate the improvement in mandibular function, facial esthetics and quality of life after reconstruction of complex mandibular defects using patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) titanium implant. A total of 7 patients, who visited our outpatient clinic for reconstruction of mandibular defects after removal of their primary mandibular lesion and refused treatment with autologous bone grafts were treated with patient-specific implant for reconstruction of mandible. Three-dimensional virtual treatment planning was carried out using their 3D computed-tomographic data. The unaffected contralateral side of mandible was superimposed on the defect side and a customized implant was designed in the desired size and shape on the virtual model using computer aided designing and milled in titanium using selective laser melting, for precise anatomic mandibular reconstruction. There was significant improvement in their esthetics, function, and quality of life. The symmetry of the face and occlusion was restored with adequate mouth opening, closing, and lateral movements of the mandible with no deviation of jaw during movements. The patient specific implants appear to be very useful for precise reconstruction of mandible with greater accuracy. The concept of using customized implant with the help of 3D virtual treatment planning, stereolithographic models and computer aided designing greatly improves mandibular restoration and helps to achieve good facial profile, aesthetics and dental rehabilitation preventing severe complications related to autologous grafts.
Migration of a Distal Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter Into the Pulmonary Vasculature: a Report of an Unusual Case and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Li Wende , Li Yunjun , Sun Yue , Chen Lihua 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The authors report an unusual case of distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the pulmonary vasculature. The migrated catheter was extracted through a thoracotomy and venotomy, with the cooperation of Neuroneurosurgery and Cardiovascular team. This rare complication after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery should be paid enough attention. There were 2 possible mechanisms. To solve the problem, multidisciplinary cooperation should be applied.
Intraoperative Detection of Leakage Using Topical Fluorescein Following Free Flap Inset in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Kwon Jin Geun , Kim Eun Key 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In microsurgical head and neck reconstruction, a watertight closure following flap inset is essential to prevent saliva leakage and subsequent complications, such as wound dehiscence and fistulas. However, no standard method has been established to detect and localize the leakage following flap inset. The authors introduce a simple, easy, mobile, and inexpensive method to intraoperatively detect the leakage using topical fluorescein sodium mixed saline and Wood lamp. This simple procedure will allow surgeons to be confident of watertight closure.
Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Bone Reconstruction With SmartBone on Demand
Authors: Facciuto Enzo , Grottoli Carlo Francesco , Mattarocci Maurizio , Illiano Fausto , Compagno Mara , Ferracini Riccardo , Perale Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This is a report of a 34-year-old male lacking of bone development in the frontal and orbital part of the skull due to a surgical removal of a right orbital-front osteoma at the age of 5. The integrity of the craniofacial district was important for the young patient also for social acceptance and self-esteem.
Based on computed tomography patient images, a skull model was reconstructed, both digitally and on 3-dimensional real model, to best design the needed bone graft. Defect wide extension and surface curvature called for the use of the puzzle technique, where the whole graft is composed by several elements, mechanically slotting into each other. The realization was made possible thanks to the use of a composite xenohybrid bone substitute specifically developed for reconstructive surgery (SmartBone, by Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA). SmartBone technology allowed the realization of custom-made grafts which perfectly joined each other and fitted the bone defect thanks to mechanical strength, also at low thicknesses and wide extensions.
The postoperative course was uneventful and computed tomography scans showed new bone formation and complete calvaria continuity already 10 months after surgery, with no signs of inflammation over the entire follow-up.
This case study represents a proof of concept that SmartBone on Demand custom-made bone grafts, together with puzzle technique, are effective, easy to handle and provide final excellent functional and aesthetic results.
Impact of Venous Outflow Pattern on Flap Compromise in Head and Neck Reconstruction: Review of 309 Radial Forearm Free Flaps
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Kim Min Ji , Kim Hyung Bae , Kim Sung Chan , Choi Jong Woo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
There is ongoing controversy regarding the most appropriate venous drainage pattern for anastomosing the radial forearm free flap in head and neck reconstruction. Although the various perforator flaps have been used in our practice, the authors evaluated the impact of venous outflow pattern on the incidence of only the radial forearm free flap compromise for minimizing the bias. The authors retrospectively reviewed 309 radial forearm free flaps used for head and neck reconstruction following cancer ablation (January 2005 to December 2015), and evaluated the association between the incidence of venous insufficiency and the choice of venous system in the flap and at the recipient site, the number of venous anastomoses, and the combination of flap and recipient venous systems. No significant association was found between the incidence of venous insufficiency and the risk factors evaluated. Compared with single or dual anastomosis involving only the vena comitantes, dual anastomosis involving distinct venous systems was associated with lower incidence of venous insufficiency (P = 0.039). The dual anastomosis of separate venous system was correlated with lower incidence of venous insufficiency compared with the single or dual anastomosis of vena comitantes only (P = 0.039).
Treatment of Various Types of Gummy Smile With Botulinum Toxin-A
Authors: Duruel Onurcem , Ataman-Duruel Emel Tuğba , Berker Ezel , Tözüm Tolga Fikret 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The objective of this article is to present 3 various types of gummy smile treated with botulinum toxin-A injection per site at Yonsei points. The patients, who visited the department to demand a more aesthetic smile, were classified according to gummy smile type: asymmetric, anterior, and mixed. Botulinum toxin-A injection at Yonsei point was considered. Preinjection and postinjection pictures were taken, and the severity of excessive gingival display was measured for each tooth between second premolars. Two weeks after botulinum toxin injections, no complication was noted. The amount of excessive gingival display for each tooth between second premolars was measured less than 3 mm, and the percentage of improvement for each case was calculated 100%. The botulinum toxin injection at Yonsei point may be a predictable and noninvasive treatment option for various types of gummy smile.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified, in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Costa Sara Ferreira dos Santos , Silva André Myller Barbosa , Amaral-Silva Gleyson Kleber , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , Pontes Flávia Sirotheau Corrêa , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Almeida Oslei Paes de 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Lymphomas of the oral cavity are rare and the most frequent type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is known to be associated with the development of different lymphomas. In 2008, the World Health Organization provisionally included the EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly in the classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors as a lymphoma occurring in older individuals without any known immunodeficiency. However, it has since been recognized that this entity may occur in younger individuals and present similar clinical parameters in both age groups. As a result, the 2017 revision has declined the term elderly and modified it to EBV-positive DLBCL, not otherwise specified (NOS). In this report, we describe a rare case of EBV-positive DLBCL, NOS, presenting as a painless swelling in the oral cavity. This entity shows a more aggressive clinical course than EBV-negative DLBCL, and other lymphoproliferative disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Volumetric Analysis of Fat Injection by Computerized Tomography in Orthognathic Surgery: Preliminary Report on a Novel Volumetric Analysis Process for the Quantification of Aesthetic Results
Authors: Lazzarotto Andrea , Franz Leonardo , Stella Enrica , Tel Alessandro , Sembronio Salvatore , Costa Fabio , Bertossi Dario , Nocini Riccardo , Robiony Massimo 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Integrated approaches to orthognathic surgery should include accurate volumetric evaluation of the skull and soft tissues. In patients with dentofacial deformities, the most frequent aesthetic deficits are attributable to an underdevelopment of hard and soft tissues. Traditional osteotomic procedures often fail to guarantee a stability of soft tissues over time. For this reason, in selecting a surgical strategy, the surgeon should consider not only traditional osteotomies, but also soft-tissue improving procedures, such as lipofilling. Preoperative surgical planning systems, such as the Virtual surgical planning (VSP) protocol, are based mainly on skeletal movement prediction. Quantitative estimation of soft-tissue modifications is not part of common clinical practice. Most commonly, the evaluation of soft-tissue modifications after orthognathic procedures is instead performed by clinical qualitative means.
The purpose of this study was to describe a novel computed tomography (CT)-based volumetric analysis process for the quantification of injected autologous adipose tissue in patients who have undergone simultaneous orthognathic and lipofilling procedures.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent combined orthognathic surgery and lipofilling from June 2016 to May 2017 for malocclusion with functional and aesthetic impairments. Preoperative planning included clinical evaluation and virtual osteotomy planning according to the VSP protocol. The volume of fat to be injected was estimated clinically by comparing virtual renderings with preoperative clinical photographs. The surgical technique involved Le Fort I and sagittal split mandibular osteotomies, combined with autologous fat injection in the malar and perioral regions. Postoperative evaluation was performed with a novel imaging process based on CT image segmentation to quantify the exact volume of injected fat. Skeletal stability was also evaluated at 3 months.

Results:
Sixteen patients were enrolled in the study, all females, with a mean age of 24.5 years (range, 18–36 years). The mean difference between the fat tissue injected and that quantified postoperatively was 6.01 cm3. All patients had clinically satisfactory facial convexity, with complete restoration of the cheekbone contour, at 3 months.

Conclusion:
This study introduces a novel CT-image based technique to quantitatively assess the contribution of injected fat to the postoperative soft-tissue volume increase after combined orthognathic surgery with autologous lipofilling. In the future, this CT-based volumetric analysis technique could be the gold standard for evaluating facial lipofilling outcomes, and for assessing clinical aesthetic outcomes based on the injected volume of fat.
Maxillofacial Fractures Associated With Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Matsusue Yumiko , Horita Satoshi , Murakami Kazuhiro , Sugiura Tsutomu , Kirita Tadaaki 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Interpersonal violence is a major cause of maxillofacial fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of these fractures associated in an effort to develop more effective management. The clinical records and radiographs of 272 patients with maxillofacial fractures associated with interpersonal violence collected during a 36-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred and nineteen patients were male (80.5%) and 53 (19.5%) were female. The patients ranged in age from 1 to 77 years. Two hundred and two patients (74.3%) were aged 10 to 29 years. The injury was the result of impact by a fist/hand/elbow in 224 patients (82.3%). The fracture site was the mandible in 191 patients (70.2%), the midface in 78 (28.7%), and both sites in 3 (1.1%). One hundred and eight (39.6%) of 273 mandibular fractures were in the angle, 75 (27.5%) were in the symphysis, and 90 (33.0%) were at other sites. Forty-three (53.1%) of 81 fractures in the midface were in the zygoma, 19 (23.5%) were in the maxilla, and 19 (23.5%) were at other sites. Fractures were more common on the left side. Nine patients (3.3%) also had injuries at other body sites. Ninety-five patients (34.9%) were treated by maxillomandibular fixation, 84 (30.9%) by open reduction and internal fixation, 59 (21.7%) by observation, 14 (5.1%) by intramaxillary splinting, 14 (5.1%) by transcutaneous reduction, and 6 (2.2%) by other procedures. Interpersonal violence-related maxillofacial fractures have characteristic features, especially with regard to site and laterality.
The Use of Integra in Extensive Full-Thickness Scalp Burn Involving the Skull in a Child
Authors: de Haas Louise E.M. , Gardien Kim L.M. , van Trier Antoine J.M. , Vloemans Adrianus F.P.M. , Buis Dennis R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Extensive full-thickness burn injury of the scalp involving the skull is a challenge to reconstruct. Here, the authors report a case of a 6-year old girl who suffered extensive flame burn injury involving a scalp defect of 1,5% total body surface area. After necrosectomy, full table damage of the skull was observed with a partially exposed dura mater. Neurosurgical consultation was necessary to accomplish a vital wound bed. Subsequently, in the absence of enough adequate tissue available for flap surgery reconstruction, reconstruction was performed by using a bilayer Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (IDRT) resulting in a lasting and stable coverage of the defect. This is the first case-report describing application of IDRT on a full-thickness scalp and skull defect with exposed dura mater in a child. Our results are encouraging and demonstrate that Integra can be used in a child to successfully cover exposed dura when no viable skull remains.
Classification of RNA backbone conformation into rotamers using 13C′ chemical shifts: How far we can go?
Authors: Icazatti A. A. , Loyola J.M. , Szleifer I. , Vila J.A. , Martin O. A. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe conformational space of the ribose–phosphate backbone is very complex as is defined in terms of six torsional angles. To help delimit the RNA backbone conformational preferences 46 rotamers have been defined in terms of the these torsional angles. In the present work, we use the ribose experimental and theoretical 13C′ chemical shifts data and machine learning methods to classify RNA backbone conformations into rotamers and families of rotamers. We show to what extent the use of experimental 13C′ chemical shifts can be used to identify rotamers and discuss some problem with the theoretical computations of 13C′ chemical shifts.
Asparagine endopeptidase cleaves tau at N167 after uptake into microglia
Authors: Behrendt Annika , Bichmann Maria , Ercan-Herbst Ebru , Haberkant Per , Schöndorf David C. , Wolf Michael , Fahim Salma A. , Murolo Enrico , Ehrnhoefer Dagmar E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTau cleavage by different proteolytic enzymes generates short, aggregation-prone fragments that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) activity in particular has been associated with tau dysfunction and aggregation, and the activity of the protease is increased in both aging and AD.Methods and ResultsUsing a mass spectrometry approach we identified a novel tau cleavage site at N167 and confirmed its processing by AEP. In combination with the previously known site at N368, we show that AEP cleavage yields a tau fragment that is present in both control and AD brains at similar levels. AEP is a lysosomal enzyme, and our data suggest that it is expressed in microglia rather than in neurons. Accordingly, we observe tau cleavage at N167 and N368 after endocytotic uptake into microglia, but not neurons. However, tau168-368 does not accumulate in microglia and we thus conclude that the fragment is part of a proteolytic cascade leading to tau degradation.ConclusionsWhile we confirm previous studies showing increased overall AEP activity in AD brains, our data suggests that AEP-mediated cleavage of tau is a physiological event occurring during microglial degradation of the secreted neuronal protein. The disease-associated increase in active AEP may thus be related to pro-inflammatory conditions in AD brains, and our findings argue against AEP inhibition as a therapeutic approach in AD.
Range-wide spatial mapping reveals convergent character displacement of bird song
Authors: Kirschel Alexander N. G. , Seddon Nathalie , Tobias Joseph A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA long-held view in evolutionary biology is that character displacement generates divergent phenotypes in closely related coexisting species to avoid the costs of hybridisation or ecological competition, whereas an alternative possibility is that signals of dominance or aggression may instead converge to facilitate coexistence among ecological competitors. Although this counter-intuitive process—termed convergent agonistic character displacement—is supported by recent theoretical and empirical studies, the extent to which it drives spatial patterns of trait evolution at continental scales remains unclear. By modeling variation in song structure of two ecologically similar species ofHypocnemisantbird across western Amazonia, we show that their territorial signals converge such that trait similarity peaks in the sympatric zone, where intense interspecific territoriality between these taxa has previously been demonstrated. We also use remote sensing data to show that signal convergence is not explained by environmental gradients and is thus unlikely to evolve by sensory drive (i.e. acoustic adaptation to the sound transmission properties of habitats). Our results suggest that agonistic character displacement driven by interspecific competition can generate spatial patterns opposite to those predicted by classic character displacement theory, and highlight the potential role of social selection in shaping geographical variation in signal phenotypes of ecological competitors.
Selective culture enrichment and sequencing of faeces to enhance detection of antimicrobial resistance genes
Authors: Peto Leon , Fawcett Nicola J. , Crook Derrick W. , Peto Tim E.A. , Llewelyn Martin J. , Walker A. Sarah 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMetagenomic sequencing of faecal DNA can usefully characterise an individual’s intestinal resistome but is limited by its inability to detect important pathogens that may be present at low abundance, such as carbapenemase or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producingEnterobacteriaceae. Here we aimed to develop a hybrid protocol to improve detection of resistance genes inEnterobacteriaceaeby using a short period of culture enrichment prior to sequencing of DNA extracted directly from the enriched sample. Volunteer faeces were spiked with carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceaeand incubated in selective broth culture for 6 hours before sequencing. Different DNA extraction methods were compared, including a plasmid extraction protocol to increase the detection of plasmid-associated resistance genes. Although enrichment prior to sequencing increased the detection of carbapenemase genes, the differing growth characteristics of the spike organisms precluded accurate quantification of their concentration prior to culture. Plasmid extraction protocols increased detection of resistance genes present on plasmids, but the effects were heterogeneous and dependent on plasmid size. Our results demonstrate methods of improving the limit of detection of selected resistance mechanisms in a faecal resistome assay, but they also highlight the difficulties in using these techniques for accurate quantification and should inform future efforts to achieve this goal.
Spt6 is a maintenance factor for centromeric CENP-A
Authors: Bobkov Georg OM , Huang Anming , van den Berg Sebastiaan J.W. , Mitra Sreyoshi , Anselm Eduard , Lazou Vasiliki , Schunter Sarah , Federle Regina , Imhof Axel , Lusser Alexandra , Jansen Lars E.T. , Heun Patrick 
Published: February 2019

AbstractReplication and transcription of genomic DNA requires partial disassembly of nucleosomes to allow progression of polymerases. This constitutes both an opportunity to remodel the underlying chromatin as well as the potential danger of losing epigenetic information. Centromeric transcription has been shown to be required for stable incorporation of the centromere-specific histone dCENP-A in M/G1-phase, which depends on the eviction of previously deposited H3/H3.3-placeholder nucleosomes. Here we demonstrate that the histone chaperone and transcription elongation factor Spt6 spatially and temporarily coincides with centromeric transcription and prevents the loss of old CENP-A nucleosomes in both Drosophila and human cells. Spt6 binds directly to dCENP-A and shows enhanced association with non-phosphorylatable dCENP-A mutants compared to histone H3, while phosphomimetic residues alleviate association with Spt6. We conclude that Spt6 acts as a conserved CENP-A maintenance factor, which is required during transcription-mediated chromatin remodelling at the centromere to ensure long-term stability of epigenetic centromere identity.
Interaction of Sox2 with RNA binding proteins in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Samudyata  , Amaral Paulo P. , Engström Pär G. , Robson Samuel C. , Nielsen Michael L. , Kouzarides Tony , Castelo-Branco Gonçalo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSox2 is a master transcriptional regulator of embryonic development. In this study, we determined the protein interactome of Sox2 in the chromatin and nucleoplasm of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Apart from canonical interactions with pluripotency-regulating transcription factors, we identified interactions with several chromatin modulators, including members of the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family, suggesting a role of Sox2 in chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. Sox2 was also found to interact with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including proteins involved in RNA processing. RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing revealed that Sox2 associates with different messenger RNAs, as well as small nucleolar RNA Snord34 and the non-coding RNA 7SK. 7SK has been shown to regulate transcription at regulatory regions, which could suggest a functional interaction with Sox2 for chromatin recruitment. Nevertheless, we found no evidence of Sox2 modulating recruitment of 7SK to chromatin when examining 7SK chromatin occupancy by Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP) in Sox2 depleted mES cells. In addition, knockdown of 7SK in mES cells did not lead to any change in Sox2 occupancy at 7SK-regulated genes. Thus, our results show that Sox2 extensively interact with RBPs, and suggest that Sox2 and 7SK co-exist in a ribonucleoprotein complex whose function is not to regulate chromatin recruitment, but might rather regulate other processes in the nucleoplasm.Summary blurbSox2 interacts with RNA-binding proteins and diverse RNAs