bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced arterial compliance along the cerebrovascular tree predicts cognitive slowing in multiple sclerosis: Evidence for a neurovascular uncoupling hypothesis
Authors: Sivakolundu Dinesh K , West Kathryn L , Maruthy Gayathri B , Zuppichini Mark , Turner Monroe P , Abdelkarim Dema , Zhao Yuguang , Nguyen Dylan , Spence Jeffrey S , Lu Hanzhang , Okuda Darin T , Rypma Bart 
Published: August 2019

Background: Cognitive slowing occurs in ~70% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The pathophysiology of this slowing is unknown. Neurovascular coupling, acute localized blood flow increases following neural activity, is essential for efficient cognition. Loss of vascular compliance along the cerebrovascular tree would result in suboptimal vasodilation, neurovascular uncoupling, and cognitive slowing. Objective: To assess vascular compliance along the cerebrovascular tree and its relationship to MS-related cognition. Methods: We tested vascular compliance along the cerebrovascular tree by dividing cerebral cortex into nested layers. MS patients and healthy controls were scanned using a dual-echo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequence while they periodically inhaled room air and hypercapnic gas mixture. Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated from both cerebral blood flow (arterial) and blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal (venous) increases per unit increase in end-tidal CO2. Results: Arterial cerebrovascular reactivity changes along the cerebrovascular tree were reduced in cognitively slow MS compared to cognitively normal MS and healthy controls. These changes were fit to exponential functions, the decay constant (arterial compliance index; ACI) of which was associated with individual subjects’ reaction time and predicted reaction time after controlling for disease processes. Conclusion: Such associations suggest prospects for utility of ACI in predicting future cognitive disturbances, monitoring cognitive deficiencies and therapeutic responses, and implicates neurovascular uncoupling as a mechanism of cognitive slowing in MS.
Implicit motor imagery in chronic complex hand injury patients and its relation to upper extremity function: A pilot study
Authors: Verma Chhaya , Jadhav Kshitija , Kini Raveena , Mehta Amita , Puri Vinita 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Implicit motor imagery is the first step of graded motor imagery technique, which is known to be impaired in chronic pain conditions. However, there is a paucity of literature investigating implicit imagery in peripheral conditions like chronic complex hand injuries and its relation with upper extremity function. Method Thirty participants in the study group and 30 in the control group were included. Implicit imagery was assessed using hand laterality recognition task where participants identified 48 different hand images, as left- or right-hand images. Accuracy and response time were calculated and compared between the two groups. The Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was used to assess the upper extremity functional level and correlated with implicit imagery as secondary objective. Results Hand injured patients had a 76.18% accuracy and 2.30 seconds/card response time. There was a statistically significant difference in accuracy ( p <  0.0001) and response time ( p =  0.0066) between study group and control group. Disability level assessed by DASH was 40.5 and had no correlation with accuracy ( r =  0.004; 95% CI: 0.3663–0.3736) and response time ( r =  0.099; 95% CI: 0.2804–0.4531). Conclusion Implicit imagery was impaired in chronic complex hand injured patients and it had no relation with upper extremity functional level.
A refinement to the formalin test in mice
Authors: Lopes Douglas M , Cater Heather L , Thakur Matthew , Wells Sara , McMahon Stephen B 
Published: August 2019

The constant refinement of tests used in animal research is crucial for the scientific community. This is particularly true for the field of pain research, where ethical standards are notably sensitive. The formalin test is widely used in pain research and some of its mechanisms resemble those underlying clinical pain in humans. Immediately upon injection, formalin triggers two waves (an early and a late phase) of strong, nociceptive behaviour, characterised by licking, biting, lifting and shaking the injected paw of the animal. Although well characterised at the behaviour level, since its proposal over four decades ago, there has not been any significant refinement to the formalin test, especially those combining minimisation of animal distress and preservation of behavioural outcomes of the test. Here, we propose a modified and improved method for the formalin test. We show that anaesthetising the animal with the inhalable anaesthetic sevoflurane at the time of the injection can produce reliable, robust and reproducible results whilst animal distress during the initial phase is reduced. Importantly, our results were validated by pharmacological suppression of the behaviour during the late phase of the test with gabapentin, the anaesthetic showing no interference with the drug. In addition, we demonstrate that this is also a useful method to screen for changes in pain behaviour in response to formalin in transgenic lines.
Clinical prognostic models for severe dengue: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dao Phuoc Thang , Khuong Quynh Long , Vien Dang Khanh Linh , Ong Phuc Thinh , Le Sy Hieu , Le Ngoc Tu , Phung Khanh Lam 
Published: August 2019

Background: Dengue is a common mosquito-borne, with high morbidity rates recorded in the annual. Dengue contributes to a major disease burden in many tropical countries. This demonstrates the urgent need in developing effective approaches to identify severe cases early. For this purpose, many multivariable prognostic models using multiple prognostic variables were developed to predict the risk of progression to severe outcomes. The aim of the planned systematic review is to identify and describe the existing clinical multivariable prognostic models for severe dengue as well as examine the possibility of combining them. These findings will suggest directions for further research of this field. Methods: This protocol has followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta – Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P). We will conduct a comprehensive search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include being published in peer-review journals, focusing on human subjects and developing the multivariable prognostic model for severe dengue, without any restriction on language, location and period of publication, and study design. The reference list will be captured and removed from duplications. We will use the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist to extract data and Prediction study risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) to assess the study quality. Discussion: This systematic review will describe the existing prediction models, summarize the current status of prognostic research on dengue, and report the possibility to combine the models to optimize the power of each paradigm. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018102907
Neisseria meningitidis has acquired sequences within the capsule locus by horizontal genetic transfer
Authors: Clemence Marianne E. A. , Harrison Odile B. , Maiden Martin C. J. 
Published: August 2019

Background:Expression of a capsule from one of serogroups A, B, C, W, X or Y is usually required forNeisseria meningitidis(Nme) to cause invasive meningococcal disease. The capsule is encoded by the capsule locus,cps, which is proposed to have been acquired by a formerly capsule null organism by horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) from another species. Following identification of putative capsule genes in non-pathogenicNeisseriaspecies, this hypothesis is re-examined.Methods:Whole genome sequence data fromNeisseriaspecies, includingNmegenomes from a diverse range of clonal complexes and capsule genogroups, and non-Neisseriaspecies, were obtained from PubMLST and GenBank. Sequence alignments of genes from the meningococcalcps, and predicted orthologues in other species, were analysed using Neighbor-nets, BOOTSCANing and maximum likelihood phylogenies.Results:The meningococcalcpswas highly mosaic within regions B, C and D. A subset of sequences within regions B and C were phylogenetically nested within homologous sequences belonging toN. subflava, consistent with HGT event in whichN. subflavawas the donor. In thecpsof 23/39 isolates, the two copies of region D were highly divergent, withrfbABC’sequences being more closely related to predicted orthologues in the proposed speciesN. weixii (GenBank accession numberCP023429.1) than the same genes inNmeisolates lacking a capsule. There was also evidence of mosaicism in therfbABC’sequences of the remaining 16 isolates, as well asrfbABCfrom many isolates.Conclusions:Data are consistent with theen blocacquisition ofcpsin meningococci fromN. subflava, followed by further recombination events with otherNeisseriaspecies. Nevertheless, the data cannot refute an alternative model, in which native meningococcal capsule existed prior to undergoing HGT withN. subflavaand other species. Within-genus recombination events may have given rise to the diversity of meningococcal capsule serogroups.
Multilingualism and mixed language in the mines of Potosí (Bolivia)
Authors: Muysken Pieter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Using the methodology of historical sociolinguistics, this article explores multilingualism and language contact in the mines of Potosí (Bolivia) in the colonial period. Potosí was the destination of massive migration during its economic heydays around 1610 and one of the largest cities in the Western hemisphere at the time. In the mines special codes were developed, with a specialized lexicon that contains words from different languages. This lexicon was so different that the first vocabulary of the mining language was written in 1610, and many have followed from that date onward. Quechua most probably played a key role as intermediary language between two forms of speaking: the indigenous mining language of the free workers, yanaconas and mingas, probably a mix of Spanish and Quechua, and the language of the forced workers, mitayos, possibly a mix of Aymara and Quechua. The similarities between Aymara and Quechua must have contributed to this possibility of an intermediary language.
Performance assessment of the Allplex™ STI Essential real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in genital and extra-genital sites
Authors: Robinet Sylvain , Parisot François 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Commercial kits performing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for genital samples are recommended in association with culture, but the majority of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have not received regulatory approval for diagnostics in extra-genital sites. Since 2017, only the Hologic® Aptima Combo2 assay has an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) certification from the European Medicine Evaluation Agency.

Methods
We assessed the Allplex™ STI-Essential Assay (EA) for the diagnosis of NG and CT in both genital and extra-genital sites. The performance of the extraction step was studied by means of a standard curve between the concentration of expected cultivable gonococci and the cycle threshold (Ct). Three later-generation NAATs were used as comparators, particularly to assess the specificity (Sp).

Results
A relation between the gonococcal concentration, expressed as colony-forming unit (CFU) per milliliter logarithm, and the Ct was shown to be linear irrespective of the matrices (95% confidence interval [CI]). The detection limit was 10 CFU/mL, contrasting with the relatively poor sensitivity of culture due to inhibitory effects such as pH and the overgrowth of the commensal flora. NG molecular diagnostic is complex and the method comparisons showed some discrepancies when Ct was above 34. We decided to include interpretative comments on our reports on the basis of the Ct result. For CT, comparisons displayed a satisfactory agreement, and the detection limit was 50 copies/mL.

Conclusions
The Seegene Allplex™ STI-EA showed acceptable performance characteristics for the detection of genital and extra-genital NG and CT.
Crystal structure of 2-(2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)pyrimidine, C20H15N3
Authors: Lou Xin-Hua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C20H15N3, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.0487(4) Å, b = 13.5000(6) Å, c = 21.1032(10) Å, V = 3147.7(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0448, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1136, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of diaqua[5,5′-dicarboxy-2,2′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato-κ4O,O′,N,N′)]zinc(II) dihydrate, C13H18N4O12Zn
Authors: Li Xiao-Fei , Ma Li-Gang , Guo Wen-Feng , Zhao Wen-Feng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C13H18N4O12Zn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.0311(3) Å, b = 9.4464(3) Å, c = 12.6951(5) Å, α = 109.2790(11)°, β = 92.6348(12)°, γ = 116.2514(10)°, V = 892.97(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0263, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0712, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-N-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-amine, C11H12N4
Authors: Shi Yun-Lian , Nie Xu-Liang , Huang Tao , Xie Jin-Hui , Peng Da-Yong , Shi Xu-Gen , Li Bao-Tong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
[C11H12N4], triclinic, P1̄, a = 6.6939(10) Å, b = 8.8034(13) Å, c = 9.1140(13) Å, α = 97.749(2)°, β = 99.285(2)%, γ = 95.917(2)°, V = 520.90(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0381, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1030, T = 296(2) K.
Spinal and Pelvic Kinematics During Prolonged Rowing on an Ergometer vs. Indoor Tank Rowing
Authors: Trompeter Katharina , Weerts Jeronimo , Fett Daniela , Firouzabadi Ali , Heinrich Kai , Schmidt Hendrik , Brüggemann Gert-Peter , Platen Petra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Trompeter, K, Weerts, J, Fett, D, Firouzabadi, A, Heinrich, K, Schmidt, H, Brüggemann, GP, and Platen, P. Spinal and pelvic kinematics during prolonged rowing on an ergometer vs. indoor tank rowing. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2622–2628, 2021—This investigation aimed to compare spinopelvic kinematics during rowing on an ergometer vs. in a rowing tank and to evaluate changes with progressing fatigue. Spinal and pelvic kinematics of 8 competitive scull rowers (19.0 ± 2.1 years, 179.9 ± 7.6 cm, and 74.8 ± 8.1 kg) were collected during 1 hour of rowing on an ergometer and in a rowing tank using a routine training protocol. Kinematics of the upper thoracic spine, lower thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and pelvis were determined using an infrared camera system (Vicon, Oxford, United Kingdom). There was a greater lumbar range of motion (ROM) and less posterior pelvic tilt at the catch during rowing on the ergometer compared with in the rowing tank (p = 0.001–0.048), but no differences in pelvic ROM. In the rowing tank, the pelvic ROM increased over time (p = 0.002) and the ROM of the lower thoracic spine decreased (p = 0.002). In addition, there was an extended drive phase (when the rower applies pressure to the oar levering the boat forward) and an abbreviated recovery phase (setting up the rower's body for the next stroke) in the rowing tank (p = 0.032). Different rowing training methods lead to differences in spinopelvic kinematics, which may lead to substantially different spinal loading situations. Greater pelvic rotation and lesser lumbar ROM are considered ideal; therefore, the present results indicate that rowing in the rowing tank might facilitate the maintenance of this targeted spinopelvic posture, which might help protect the lower back. Rowers, coaches, and researchers should consider the differences between rowing training methods, especially when giving training recommendations.
Impact of Cognitive Measures and Sleep on Acute Squat Strength Performance and Perceptual Responses Among Well-Trained Men and Women
Authors: Haischer Michael H. , Cooke Daniel M. , Carzoli Joseph P. , Johnson Trevor K. , Shipherd Amber M. , Zoeller Robert F. , Whitehurst Michael , Zourdos Michael C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Haischer, MH, Cooke, DM, Carzoli, JP, Johnson, TK, Shipherd, AM, Zoeller, RF, Whitehurst, M, and Zourdos, MC. Impact of cognitive measures and sleep on acute squat strength performance and perceptual responses among well-trained men and women. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S16–S22, 2021—This study assessed the efficacy of currently used assessments for sleep, anxiety, and stress in predicting 1-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat performance. Fifty-three men (age, 23 ± 3 years; body mass, 86.67 ± 13.93 kg; training age, 6.0 ± 2.5 years; 1RM = 163.5 ± 39.5 kg) and 15 women (age, 21 ± 1.5 years; body mass, 63.34 ± 9.6 kg; training age, 4 ± 1.5 years; 1RM = 81.5 ± 12.5 kg) participated. Subjects completed the Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes (DALDA), the revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R), and Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (OSQ) to evaluate stress, anxiety, and sleep, respectively. Subjects then completed the perceived self-efficacy (PSE) scale, to predict what loads they were 100, 75, and 50% confident that they could lift for a 1RM; then completed 1RM testing with rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and average concentric velocity (ACV) obtained on each attempt. The performance-dependent variable was calculated by subtracting the PSE responses from the actual 1RM (1RM-PSE difference). Bootstrapping with 1,000 replicate samples was used with linear regression to increased robustness of the statistical analyses, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Hours of sleep was an inverse predictor of ACV (p = 0.014; 95% CI = 0.046 to−0.011) and a positive predictor of RPE (p = 0.005; 95% CI = 0.068–0.342). Furthermore, the hypersomnia subscale of the OSQ was a negative predictor of 1RM-PSE difference at 50% confidence (p = 0.028; 95% CI = −3.507 to −0.528), and CSAI-2R total score was a negative predictor of RPE at 1RM (p = 0.043; 95% CI = −0.041 to −0.003); however, the DALDA did not exhibit any significant relationships. These data highlight the importance of monitoring anxiety and sleep when assessing readiness for maximal strength performance.
Internal and External Loads During Hockey 5's Competitions Among U16 Players
Authors: Konarski Jan M. , Konarska Agata , Strzelczyk Ryszard , Skrzypczak Mateusz , Malina Robert M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Konarski, JM, Konarska, A, Strzelczyk, R, Skrzypczak, M, and Malina, RM. Internal and external loads during Hockey 5's competitions among U16 players. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3199–3206, 2021—The purpose of the study was to characterize the external and internal loads associated with Hockey 5's, the modified small-sided format of competition for U16 field hockey introduced in 2014. Subjects were 10 males, 15.2–16.3 years, who were field players on the U16 Polish National Team. A GPSports Athlete Tracking System was used to estimate external loads (sprints, total distance), and a Polar Team2 unit was used to monitor internal loads (heart rate [HR] and energy expenditure [EE]) during active time of play for 8 field players in 2 international matches. Players covered, on average, a distance of 2,217 ± 178 m during a match including 614 ± 12 m sprinting at 8.1 ± 0.8 km·h−1 with a speedmax of 23.1 ± 1.1 km·h−1. HRmean was 170.5 ± 6.6 b·min−1, whereas HRmax was 184.9 ± 6.4 b·min−1. Speed, sprinting, and distance covered did not differ among periods, whereas HR was greater during the second and third periods. HRmax, %HRmax, and EE varied between forwards and defenders, and among periods. Effort expended by field players during Hockey 5's games can be characterized as heavy. The results highlight the need for preparation in both aerobic and anaerobic activities, which include a major speed component and adequate time for rapid recovery to facilitate the adaptation of youth players to the demands of the modified game. Although not directly comparable, comparison of internal loads during Hockey 5's and 11-a-side matches suggests more intensive activity of field players in the former.
Effects of Different Training Interventions on the Recovery of Physical and Neuromuscular Performance After a Soccer Match
Authors: Trecroci Athos , Porcelli Simone , Perri Enrico , Pedrali Magda , Rasica Letizia , Alberti Giampietro , Longo Stefano , Iaia F. Marcello 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Trecroci, A, Porcelli, S, Perri, E, Pedrali, M, Rasica, L, Alberti, G, Longo, S, and Iaia, FM. Effects of different training interventions on the recovery of physical and neuromuscular performance after a soccer match. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2189–2196, 2020—In competitive soccer, players are frequently required to play in periods with congested fixtures in which they have limited time to recover between matches (3–4 days). Thus, finding the most appropriate intervention strategy to limit players' neuromuscular (muscle function of lower limbs) and physical (running performance) impairments in this short period becomes crucial. The aim of the study was to examine how muscle function of knee extensors and flexors and sprint performance recovered +72 hours after match in relation to different field-based training sessions. Using a crossover design, 9 subelite players (age 17.6 ± 0.5 years, height 1.77 ± 0.02 m, body mass 66.4 ± 5.8 kg) underwent a soccer-specific training (SST) session or an active recovery regime (AR) on the second day after a match. Immediately after (0 hour) and +72 hours after match, 30-m sprint and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were assessed. Maximum isometric voluntary force (MVF) of knee extensors and flexors was determined at 120° and 90° (with 180° being full extension), respectively. SST and AR promoted similar effects on the recovery kinetics of sprint, RSA, and MVF of knee extensors (p > 0.05). However, compared with SST, AR promoted a significantly better restoration of MVF of knee flexors (p < 0.05) after +72 hours from the match. Because muscle fatigue has been related with increased hamstring injury risk, a training based on AR can be a valid intervention to promote the recovery of muscle force production of knee flexors and reduce hamstring injury risk in the postmatch period.
Development of a Drop Weight Machine for Adhesive Joint Testing
Authors: Antunes Diogo P. C. , Lopes António M. , Moreira da Silva Carlos M. S. , da Silva Lucas F. M. , Nunes Paulo D. P. , Marques Eduardo A. S. , Carbas Ricardo J. C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Adhesive materials are increasingly being considered as one of the best methods for joining parts with dissimilar characteristics. This is mostly due to the advantages they offer when compared with other joining processes, such as fastening, riveting, or welding. Adhesives provide high mechanical strength, contribute to lighter structures, and can be applied on surfaces with complex geometries. This set of properties is highly sought out in the automotive and aerospace industries. However, to ensure vehicle safety, the crashworthiness of adhesively bonded structures must be assessed to guarantee that they can withstand high impact loads and also absorb the energy involved. Therefore, it is important to follow the rising interest in this type of bonding with experimental data that help to understand adhesives’ behavior under impact conditions. In this article, a new drop weight impact test machine is proposed and its main features are highlighted, namely, the rotational anti-rebound subsystem and the U-shaped impactor, which are specifically designed to test adhesive joints. Experimental results of impact tests are presented, and the drop weight machine behavior is validated using numerical data.