bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalization in a War Environment
Authors: Gottesfeld Dorit , Yitzhak Ronen 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
This article examines the Mandelbaum Gate, which delineated the border between Jerusalem's two parts from 1948 to 1967, and which was the only open border crossing between Israel and Jordan. By employing both literary texts and historical documents, the article sheds light on the new reality that the border crossing created between the two states. While the historical sources reveal mainly the political aspects of the Mandelbaum Gate, the literary sources illustrate the mood of the people and the effects of the gate on the human soul. Together, the two different types of sources reveal the important role of the Mandelbaum Gate in the creation of relative normalization between two hostile states in a war environment.
Level of Adoption of Improved Cassava Technologies in Benue State
Authors: Onyemma Juliet Ogadinma , Tertsea Koko Michael , Ogbonna Nkem Kelechi , Chimela Nwafor Solomon 
Published: June 2019

Aims: The study aimed to determine the level of adoption of improved cassava technologies in Benue State.
Study Design: The Survey design was adopted for the study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Benue State, between September 2018 and March 2019.
Methodology: Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 336 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected using Semi-structured questionnaire. The objectives were achieved using descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and means and Rank ordered analysis.
Results: The improved cassava technologies in Benue state were identified to include; TMS 0505, TMS 0581, TMS 30572, TMS 01/1368, TMS 96/1632, TMS 92/0326, TME 419, NR 8082.The result revealed that the percentage awareness for TMS 0505 was high 65% (238) but the adoption of TMS 0505 was low 32% (78). There is moderate awareness level for TMS 0581 49% (179) and TMS 02/1368 56% (294) with moderate adoption 55% (98) and 53% (109) respectively. Also, the awareness level for TMS 92/0326 is high 72% (265) with moderate adoption 44% (116); TME 419 and NR 8082 had high awareness level 85% (311) and 88% (323) with high adoption 65% (201) and 68% (221) respectively. The result also revealed that famers complained that the improved cassava varieties cannot store for a long time in the farm 93% (342) and that there is no market to sale increased quantity of cassava roots.
Conclusion: Thus it was concluded that there is generally high level of awareness of improved cassava varieties in Benue state but with moderate to low adoption rate.
The study thus recommend that farmers should be consulted and their needs should always be considered in such development ventures. This will ensure high adoption and high impact as well.
Construction of Stable High Order One-Block Methods Using Multi-Block Triple
Authors: Ajie I. J. , Utalor K. , Durojaiye M. O. 
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with the construction of l-stable implicit one-block methods for the solution of stiff initial value problems. The constructions are done using three different multi-block methods. The first multi-block method is composed using Generalized Backward Differentiation Formula (GBDF) and Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF), the second is composed using Reversed Generalized Adams Moulton (RGAM) and Generalized Adams Moulton (GAM) while the third is composed using Reversed Adams Moulton (RAM) and Adams Moulton (AM). Shift operator is then applied to the combination of the three multi-block methods in such a manner that the resultant block is a one-block method and self-starting. These one-block methods are up to order six and with at order ten. Numerical experiments show that they are good for solving stiff initial problems.
Detecting plant spatial pattern change after disperser loss: A simulation and a case study
Authors: Nield Andrew P. , Enright Neal J. , Ladd Philip G. , Perry George L. W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDisruption of seed dispersal processes may affect plant population spatial structure. We used a spatial simulation model and an empirical case study to assess the conditions under which the loss of seed dispersers has a detectable effect on a species' spatial pattern. Our simulation experiments suggested that detecting spatial change following disperser loss will be difficult, except when rates of fruit removal are initially high and then completely disappear. To contextualize the simulation modeling, we used spatial point pattern analyses to characterize the spatial pattern of two large‐seeded species (Leucopogon nutans, a fire‐killed seeder shrub and Macrozamia riedlei, a long‐lived, resprouting cycad) in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forests of southwestern Australia. The plant species' primary disperser, the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), was absent from one of the sites we considered, but present at the other two. There was no detectable difference for either plant species in the strength of aggregation between sites with and without emu. However, even if disperser loss may not greatly affect local spatial structure for most plant species, it is likely to be important for long distance dispersal and genetic structuring of populations, so accurate characterization of the dispersal kernel is critical, especially in terms of plant emigration.
SGLT1 is required for the survival of triple‐negative breast cancer cells via potentiation of EGFR activity
Authors: Liu Huiquan , Ertay Ayse , Peng Ping , Li Juanjuan , Liu Dian , Xiong Hua , Zou Yanmei , Qiu Hong , Hancock David , Yuan Xianglin , Huang Wei‐Chien , Ewing Rob M. , Downward Julian , Wang Yihua 
Published: June 2019

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), an essential active glucose transport protein that helps maintain high intracellular glucose levels, was previously shown to interact with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); the SGLT1–EGFR interaction maintains intracellular glucose levels to promote survival of cancer cells. Here, we explore the role of SGLT1 in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is the most aggressive type of breast cancer. We performed TCGA analysis coupled to in vitro experiments in TNBC cell lines as well as in vivo xenografts established in the mammary fat pad of female nude mice. Tissue microarrays of TNBC patients with information of clinical–pathological parameters were also used to investigate the expression and function of SGLT1 in TNBC. We show that high levels of SGLT1 are associated with greater tumour size in TNBC. Knockdown of SGLT1 compromises cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrate that SGLT1 depletion results in decreased levels of phospho‐EGFR, and as a result, the activity of downstream signalling pathways (such as AKT and ERK) is inhibited. Hence, targeting SGLT1 itself or the EGFR–SGLT1 interaction may provide novel therapeutics against TNBC.
Sonographic Findings in Inflammatory Arthritis Secondary to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition: A Case Series
Authors: Albayda Jemima , Dein Eric , Shah Ami A. , Bingham Clifton O. , Cappelli Laura 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are transforming the field of oncology, leading to tumor regression in multiple advanced cancers. With this case series, we review the ultrasound imaging findings in a series of patients with ICI‐induced inflammatory arthritis (IA), a novel rheumatic disease that is caused by cancer immunotherapy.MethodsWe identified patients with rheumatologist‐diagnosed, ICI‐induced IA who had musculoskeletal ultrasound performed for clinical care. A retrospective chart review was done to obtain demographics, oncologic history, clinical presentation, imaging, and synovial fluid results. Ultrasound images were reviewed and scored for synovial and tendon pathology, presence of Doppler, and bony erosion.ResultsNine patients were included in this study with a total of 18 joint regions assessed. The knees were the most commonly imaged joint followed by the hands, wrists, feet, and ankles. Synovitis was seen in 12 of the 18 joints with active Doppler in 50% of the cases. Tendon involvement was also frequently seen (13 of 18 joints) with tenosynovitis, tendinitis, and enthesophytes. Erosions were less frequent and seen in only three cases but were also an early finding.ConclusionPatients with ICI‐induced IA had a wide range of pathology affecting the synovium, tendons, and bones on musculoskeletal ultrasound. Further systematic study with imaging is needed for this group of diseases.
Effects of Template and Molecular Nanostructure on the Performance of Organic–Inorganic Photomechanical Actuator Membranes
Authors: Dong Xinning , Guo Tianyi , Kitagawa Daichi , Kobatake Seiya , Palffy‐Muhoray Peter , Bardeen Christopher J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPorous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes template the growth of photochromic crystalline nanowires. The resulting organic–inorganic composite can function as a photomechanical bending actuator. In order to investigate how the nanostructural properties of both the organic and inorganic components affect the photomechanical response, the composite mechanical properties are characterized using a variety of methods. There is a significant variation in both morphology and elastic modulus for two commercially available AAO templates with nominally identical pore diameters of 200 nm. After these templates are filled with diarylethene molecules that undergo a ring‐open to ring‐closed photoisomerization, the light‐generated curvature and mechanical work are evaluated using two different methods. The templates with a lower average elastic modulus (16 GPa vs 68 GPa) generate almost an order of magnitude more photomechanical work. The dependence of the photomechanical response on the chemical structure of the photochrome is assessed by comparing the performance of a diarylethene that undergoes a crystal expansion to that of one that undergoes a contraction, which leads to a decrease in curvature. Both the inorganic template and the organic active component play important roles in the overall photomechanical response, with substantial room to improve the performance.
Quantum‐Confined‐Superfluidics‐Enabled Moisture Actuation Based on Unilaterally Structured Graphene Oxide Papers
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Lai , Liu Yu‐Qing , Han Dong‐Dong , Ma Jia‐Nan , Wang Dan , Li Xian‐Bin , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe strong interaction between graphene oxides (GO) and water molecules has trigged enormous research interest in developing GO‐based separation films, sensors, and actuators. However, sophisticated control over the ultrafast water transmission among the GO sheets and the consequent deformation of the entire GO film is still challenging. Inspired from the natural “quantum‐tunneling‐fluidics‐effect,” here quantum‐confined‐superfluidics‐enabled moisture actuation of GO paper by introducing periodic gratings unilaterally is reported. The folded GO nanosheets that act as quantum‐confined‐superfluidics channels can significantly promote water adsorption, enabling controllable and sensitive moisture actuation. Water‐adsorption‐induced expansion along and against the normal direction of a GO paper is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Featuring state‐of‐the‐art of ultrafast response (1.24 cm−1 s−1), large deformation degree, and complex and predictable deformation, the smart GO papers are used for biomimetic mini‐robots including a creeping centipede and a smart leaf that can catch a living ladybug. The reported method is simple and universal for 2D materials, revealing great potential for developing graphene‐based smart robots.
Switchable Adhesives for Multifunctional Interfaces
Authors: Croll Andrew B. , Hosseini Nasibeh , Bartlett Michael D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractJoining two materials with an adhesive is an extremely common activity, but is most often irreversible. However, emerging and current applications ranging from consumer and medical products to soft robotics and wearable bio‐monitoring devices demand strong adhesives which can be easily removed on‐demand and subsequently reused. This requires new paradigms in adhesive science and engineering, resulting in the emergence of new classes of multifunctionalswitchable adhesives. Here summarized is the current state of the art in switchable adhesive systems, focusing on how devices fit into the basic science of adhesion while providing performance metrics for comparison across current approaches. Using fracture mechanics as a guide, systems are classified as functioning under one of three basic mechanisms: near‐interface, contact area, or mechanical. These mechanisms must be initiated or “triggered” by a specific input, which can include mechanical, electromagnetic, fluidic, or thermal stimuli. Triggers and adhesion switching performance are compared through the use of a “switching ratio,” the interfacial energy release rate, and an estimate of mechanism timing. Finally, it is discussed that how the fundamental mechanisms relate to challenges and opportunities for switchable interfaces in future applications and adhesive systems.
Visible Light‐Induced Regioselective Decarboxylative Alkylation of the C(sp2)−H Bonds of Non‐Aromatic Heterocycles
Authors: Liu Lixin , Pan Neng , Sheng Wei , Su Lebin , Liu Long , Dong Jianyu , Zhou Yongbo , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith sunlight or blue LEDs irradiation, regioselective decarboxylative alkylation of various non‐aromatic heterocycles has been realized via C(sp3)‐centered radical C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond formation under oxidant‐free conditions at room temperature. This reaction readily incorporates various functional alkyl groups into heterocyclic compounds without observation of any alkyl radical rearrangement and represents a mild and general tool for the preparation of valuable alkyl group‐functionalized heterocyclic compounds.magnified image
Designing 3D Digital Metamaterial for Elastic Waves: From Elastic Wave Polarizer to Vibration Control
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Quan , Zhang Kai , Hu Gengkai , Duan Huiling 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElastic wave polarizers, which can filter out linearly polarized elastic waves from hybrid elastic waves, remain a challenge since elastic waves contain both transverse and longitudinal natures. Here, a tunable, digital, locally resonant metamaterial inspired by abacus is proposed, which consists of 3D‐printed octahedral frames and built‐in electromagnets. By controlling current in the electromagnets, each unit cell exhibits three digital modes, where the elastic waves have different characteristics of propagation under each mode. A variety of waveguides can be formed by a combination of the three modes and desired polarization can be further filtered out from hybrid elastic waves in a tunable manner. The underlying mechanism of these polarizer‐like characteristics is investigated through a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental testing. This study provides a means of filtering out the desired wave from hybrid elastic waves, and offers promise for vibration control of particle distribution and flexible structure.
Graphene Oxide: From Tunable Structures to Diverse Luminescence Behaviors
Authors: Mei Qingsong , Liu Bianhua , Han Guangmei , Liu Renyong , Han Ming‐Yong , Zhang Zhongping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince the first discovery of luminescent graphene oxide (GO), exponentially increasing investigations on the tunable structures and surfaces for modulating its optical properties have struggled to expand applications in imaging, sensing, biomedical diagnostics, and so on. Here, the latest works on reconstructing or modifying the structures and surfaces of GO to achieve diverse luminescence are systematically reviewed, including fluorescence, electroluminescence, and chemiluminescence. Moreover, the fundamental difficulties of the investigations and applications of luminescent GO nanomaterials are clarified to inspire more constructive thoughts for expanding their application boundaries.
A modified Solvay process with low‐temperature calcination of NaHCO3 using monoethanolamine: Solubility determination and thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Wang Qiaoxin , Li Zhibao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn energy‐saving, modified Solvay process for dense soda ash production was proposed to replace the high‐temperature, calcination step of NaHCO3. We found NaHCO3 completely decomposed into anhydrous, Na2CO3 at 353 K in a mixed‐solvent containing at least 65 wt% of monoethanolamine (MEA), which is an amine‐absorbent prevalently used for CO2 capture. A chemical model was built after the determination of solubilities and through data regression for the solid–liquid system: Na‐Cl‐NH4‐CO3‐HCO3‐MEA‐H2O. Reparameterization for paired‐ion interactions were performed via the mixed‐solvent electrolyte model. Thermodynamic analysis elucidated the shift in ion dominance from HCO3− to CO32+, thereby providing the phase transition mechanisms. An exploratory, fed‐batch experiment was implemented to verify the accuracy of the model, for which the obtained solids were in the form of saleable, dense soda ash products; bulk densities up to 1.01 g/cm3 were achieved in the laboratory.
Genetic risk for alzheimer disease is distinct from genetic risk for amyloid deposition
Authors: Leonenko Ganna , Shoai Maryam , Bellou Eftychia , Sims Rebecca , Williams Julie , Hardy John , Escott‐Price Valentina ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is responsible for a huge and growing health care burden in the developed and developing world. The polygenic risk score (PRS) approach has shown 75 to 84% prediction accuracy of identifying individuals with AD risk.MethodsIn this study, we tested the prediction accuracy of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and amyloid deposition risks with PRS, including and excluding APOE genotypes in a large publicly available dataset with extensive phenotypic data, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort. Among MCI individuals with amyloid‐positive status, we examined PRS prediction accuracy in those who converted to AD. In addition, we divided polygenic risk score by biological pathways and tested them independently for distinguishing between AD, MCI, and amyloid deposition.ResultsWe found that AD and MCI are predicted by both APOE genotype and PRS (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.82% and 68%, respectively). Amyloid deposition is predicted by APOE only (AUC = 79%). Further progression to AD of individuals with MCI and amyloid‐positive status is predicted by PRS over and above APOE (AUC = 67%). In pathway‐specific PRS analyses, the protein–lipid complex has the strongest association with AD and amyloid deposition even when genes in the APOE region were removed (p = 0.0055 and p = 0.0079, respectively).InterpretationThe results showed different pattern of APOE contribution in PRS risk predictions of AD/MCI and amyloid deposition. Our study suggests that APOE mostly contributes to amyloid accumulation and the PRS affects risk of further conversion to AD. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:427–435
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed (5+1) Annulations Exploiting a Vinyl Dianion Synthon Strategy
Authors: Nguyen Xuan B. , Nakano Yuji , Duggan Nisharnthi M. , Scott Lydia , Breugst Martin , Lupton David W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDirect polarity inversion of conjugate acceptors provides a valuable entry to homoenolates. N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reactions, in which β‐unsubstituted conjugate acceptors undergo homoenolate formation and C−C bond formation twice, have been developed. Specifically, the all‐carbon (5+1) annulations give a range of mono‐ and bicyclic cyclohexanones (31 examples). In the first family of annulations, β‐unsubstituted acrylates tethered to a divinyl ketone undergo cycloisomerization, providing hexahydroindenes and tetralins. In the second, partially untethered substrates undergo an intermolecular (5+1) annulation involving dimerization followed by cycloisomerization. While enantioselectivity was not possible with the former, the latter proved viable, allowing cyclohexanones to be produced with high levels of enantiopurity (most >95:5 e.r.) and exclusive diastereoselectivity (>20:1 d.r.). Derivatizations and mechanistic studies are also reported.
Highly Selective Enamination of β‐ketoesters Catalyzed by Interlocked [Cu8] and [Cu18] Nanocages
Authors: Qiao Wan‐Zhen , Song Tian‐Qun , Cheng Peng , Zhao Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInterlocking cages are of great interest due to their fascinating structures and potential applications. However, the interlocking of different cages has not been previously reported. Herein, quadruply interlocked [Cu8] and [Cu18] nanocages have been constructed and structurally characterized in cationic metal–organic framework {[CuICu4II(XN)4(PTA)4(H2O)4]0.5 SO4⋅5 H2O⋅EtOH}n (1). 1 can trap the anionic pollutant CrO42− and the radioactive‐contaminant simulant ReO4− with an uptake capacity of 83.2 and 218 mg g−1, respectively. Catalytic investigations reveal 1 is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the enamination of ethyl acetoacetate with aniline and the turnover frequency (TOF) can reach a record value of 4000 h−1. More importantly, 1 represents the first of a catalyst of enamination to exhibit excellent size selectivity on different substrates. The robust catalyst can be reused at least ten times without obvious loss in catalytic activity.
Enhanced Thermal Decomposition Properties and Catalytic Mechanism of Ammonium Perchlorate over CuO/MoS2 Composite
Authors: Hu Yinghui , Yang Yulin , Fan Ruiqing , Lin Kaifeng , Hao Dongyu , Xia Debin , Wang Ping 
Published: June 2019

In this report, CuO/MoS2 composites were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method where nano‐sized CuO was uniformly distributed on the surface of hierarchical MoS2 substrates (CuO/MoS2 composites). Their physicochemical properties and catalytic performance in ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition were investigated and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, TG/DSC and combustion measurement. The results showed that it could decrease AP decomposition temperature at high decomposition stage from 416.5 °C to 323.5 °C and increase the heat release from 378 J/g (pure AP) to 1340 J/g (AP with catalysts), which was better than pure CuO nanoparticles (345.5 °C and 1046 J/g). Meanwhile, it showed excellent performance in combustion reaction either in N2 or air atmosphere. The results obtained by photocurrent spectra, photoluminescence spectra and time‐resolved fluorescence emission spectra indicated that loading CuO mediated the generation rate and combination rate of electrons and holes, thus tuning the catalytic performance on AP decomposition. This study proved that employing the supports that can synergistically interact with CuO is an efficient strategy to enhance the catalytic performance of CuO.