bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Bioinspired Gel Surfaces with Superwettability and Special Adhesion
Authors: Zhang Pengchao , Zhao Chuangqi , Zhao Tianyi , Liu Mingjie , Jiang Lei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEngineering surface wettability is of great importance in academic research and practical applications. The exploration of hydrogel‐based natural surfaces with superior properties has revealed new design principles of surface superwettability. Gels are composed of a cross‐linked polymer network that traps numerous solvents through weak interactions. The natural fluidity of the trapped solvents confers the liquid‐like property to gel surfaces, making them significantly different from solid surfaces. Bioinspired gel surfaces have shown promising applications in diverse fields. This work aims to summarize the fundamental understanding and emerging applications of bioinspired gel surfaces with superwettability and special adhesion. First, several typical hydrogel‐based natural surfaces with superwettability and special adhesion are briefly introduced, followed by highlighting the unique properties and design principles of gel‐based surfaces. Then, the superwettability and emerging applications of bioinspired gel surfaces, including liquid/liquid separation, antiadhesion of organisms and solids, and fabrication of thin polymer films, are presented in detail. Finally, an outlook on the future development of these novel gel surfaces is also provided.
Polaronic Resistive Switching in Ceria‐Based Memory Devices
Authors: Sun Lu , Hao Xiamin , Meng Qingling , Wang Ligen , Liu Feng , Zhou Miao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResistive random access memory (RRAM), or memristors, operating with a voltage‐controlled low‐ and high‐resistance state (ON/OFF), are a critical component for next‐generation nanoelectronics. Most memristors are based on oxides, but the underlying working mechanism remains generally unclear. Using first‐principles calculations, it is revealed that it is polaron that acts as the conducting species to mediate the resistive switching process in CeO2, while the commonly believed oxygen vacancy (VO2+) plays only a secondary role in assisting polaron formation. Importantly, polaron and related complexes have desired low formation energies (≈−0.3 eV) and extremely small migration barriers (≈0.1 eV), to synergistically form conductive filaments in the CeO2 matrix with shallow electronic states near Fermi level, while VO2+ has a much higher migration energy and does not change the insulating nature of CeO2. A switching field is also estimated of ≈3 V between the ON/OFF states from the relative stability of VO2+, Hint+/Hsub+ (institutional/substitutional hydrogen) and polaron complexes in reference to Fermi level, which agrees with experiments. The proposed polaron‐based switching mechanism is general, paving the way for future understanding and design of multifunctional electronic nanodevices beyond RRAM.
Promoting Highly Reversible Sodium Storage of Iron Sulfide Hollow Polyhedrons via Cobalt Incorporation and Graphene Wrapping
Authors: Huang Shaozhuan , Fan Shuang , Xie Lixin , Wu Qingyun , Kong Dezhi , Wang Ye , Lim Yew Von , Ding Meng , Shang Yang , Chen Shuo , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSodium ion batteries (SIBs) have drawn significant attention owing to their low cost and inherent safety. However, the absence of suitable anode materials with high rate capability and long cycling stability is the major challenge for the practical application of SIBs. Herein, an efficient anode material consisting of uniform hollow iron sulfide polyhedrons with cobalt doping and graphene wrapping (named as CoFeS@rGO) is developed for high‐rate and long‐life SIBs. The graphene‐encapsulated hollow composite assures fast and continuous electron transportation, high Na+ ion accessibility, and strong structural integrity, showing an extremely small volume expansion of only 14.9% upon sodiation and negligible volume contraction during the desodiation. The CoFeS@rGO electrode exhibits high specific capacity (661.9 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), excellent rate capability (449.4 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1), and long cycle life (84.8% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 1000 mA g−1). In situ X‐ray diffraction and selected‐area electron diffraction patterns show that this novel CoFeS@rGO electrode is based on a reversible conversion reaction. More importantly, when coupled with a Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode, the sodium ion full battery delivers a superexcellent rate capability (496.8 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1) and ≈96.5% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1 in the 1.0–3.5 V window. This work indicates that the rationally designed anode material is highly applicable for the next generation SIBs with high‐rate capability and long‐term cyclability.
Food crops commercialization and household livelihoods: Evidence from rural regions in Central Africa
Authors: Ochieng Justus , Knerr Beatrice , Owuor George , Ouma Emily 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral countries in Central Africa face challenges of low food production and high incidences of poverty, particularly in rural areas. Several programs initiated in the region to increase food production and commercialization among smallholder farmers have had limited success. Over 80% of the farm households grow bananas and legumes as staple crops. We evaluate the impact of commercialization of these crops on‐farm income and the dietary diversity of rural households in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. We employ three methods: propensity score matching, endogenous switching regression, and IPTW on cross‐sectional data. We find that commercialization has a robust and positive significant effect on dietary diversity and farm income, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity across the households. In particular, commercialization increases household incomes by 67% and dietary diversity by 11%. We find strong evidence of the impact of commercialization on incomes but little evidence of dietary diversity of rural households. Wider policy recommendations to raise the capacity of smallholders to produce for the market and improve their livelihoods are discussed. [EconLit citations: Q13, Q12, Q11]
An intrinsic kinetic model for liquid‐phase photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Karimi Estahbanati M. R. , Feilizadeh Mehrzad , Iliuta Maria C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA kinetic study was accomplished to describe the photocatalytic production of hydrogen in liquid phase. A reaction mechanism and a kinetic model were proposed to predict the rate of hydrogen production, which is a function of light intensity, catalyst loading, substrate concentration, and time. To assess the capability of the proposed model, glycerol and ethanol were selected as representative hydrogen sources (substrates). The experimental data performed under different operating conditions, based on Box–Behnken experimental design, were used to train the developed kinetic model, optimize the parameters using genetic algorithms and check its accuracy. The analysis confirms the validity of the model under different operating conditions. In addition, the ability of the model to predict the rate of hydrogen production for other substrates, photocatalysts, and operating conditions was confirmed by comparing model predictions with experimental data from literature.
Economic and environmental strategic water management in the shale gas industry: Application of cooperative game theory
Authors: Carrero‐Parreño Alba , Quirante Natalia , Ruiz‐Femenia Rubén , Reyes‐Labarta Juan A. , Salcedo‐Díaz Raquel , Grossmann Ignacio E. , Caballero José A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to address optimal shale gas‐water management strategies among shale gas companies that operate relatively close. The objective is to compute a distribution of water‐related costs and profit among shale companies to achieve a stable agreement on cooperation among them that allows increasing total benefits and reducing total costs and environmental impacts. We apply different solution methods based on cooperative game theory: The Core, the Dual Core, the Shapley value, and the minmax Core. We solved different case studies including a large problem involving four companies and 207 wells. In this example, individual cost distribution (storage cost, freshwater withdrawal cost, transportation cost, and treatment cost) assigned to each player is included. The results show that companies that adopt cooperation strategies improve their profits and enhance the sustainability of their operations through the increase in recycled water.
Multicomponent adsorption isotherm modeling using thermodynamically inconsistent and consistent models
Authors: Jadhav Ananda J. , Srivastava Vimal C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, the multicomponent adsorption modeling of the experimental adsorption data of ternary system consisting of nitrobenzene (NI), phenol (PH) and aniline (AN) onto granulated activated carbon (GAC) was performed. The Redlich–Peterson and Freundlich isotherm models provided better fitting of the single component experimental data than the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption preference of GAC was found to be: NI > PH > AN. The ternary adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by using thermodynamically consistent and inconsistent isotherm models as well as an artificial neural network model. Modified Redlich–Peterson and LeVan–Vermeulen models, and real adsorbed solution theory model provided satisfactory fit of the ternary system. Levenberg–Marquardt back‐propagation or scaled conjugate gradient back‐propagation algorithm with two neurons, either logsig or tansig transfer function in the hidden layer, and purelin transfer function in output layer were found to be the best network and gave an excellent prediction of experimental data.
Accelerometers: Assessing their potential for measuring personal flotation device use on commercial fishing vessels
Authors: Jenkins Paul L. , Knight Margaret , Hirabayashi Liane , Weil Rebecca , Echard Jessica , Krupa Nicole , Sorensen Julie A. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundFalls overboard are the most common cause of fatalities in commercial fishing. As a result, interventions aimed at increasing and measuring the use of personal flotation devices (PFDs) are a high priority. The focus of this study was to explore the use of accelerometers as a means for objectively measuring PFD use on lobster fishing vessels.MethodsFor participating vessels, researchers attached an accelerometer to a PFD worn by a crewmember and another to the vessel's wheelhouse. GoPro videos were also employed to record crewmember activities so these could be synchronized with accelerometer outputs. Accelerometer outputs included two distinct measures, the proportional integration mode (PIM) and zero crossing mode (ZCM). Data were fitted to various equations to identify the best method for predicting PFD use.ResultsSeven lobster fishing vessels participated in the trial. Data indicated that accelerometers could predict PFD use with a fairly high degree of accuracy. In particular, a logistic equation incorporating PIM values from the PFD and the absolute value of the difference between the PFD PIM readings and the PIM readings from the stationary accelerometer demonstrated the highest degree of accuracy, with correct classifications for 73.3% to 77.6% of the 10‐second data intervals. Accuracy was highest when crew members were moving versus stationary. The predictive value of ZCM was comparatively limited.ConclusionsPIM accelerometer readings can be used to measure PFD use with a considerably high degree of accuracy, especially for sternmen who are moving regularly and have the highest risk for falling overboard.
ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery
Authors: Wang Eric W. , Zanation Adam M. , Gardner Paul A. , Schwartz Theodore H. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Adappa Nithin D. , Bettag Martin , Bleier Benjamin S. , Cappabianca Paolo , Carrau Ricardo L. , Casiano Roy R. , Cavallo Luigi M. , Ebert Charles S. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Evans James J. , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan C. , Folbe Adam J. , Froelich Sebastien , Gentili Fred , Harvey Richard J. , Hwang Peter H. , Jane John A. , Kelly Daniel F. , Kennedy David , Knosp Engelbert , Lal Devyani , Lee John Y.K. , Liu James K. , Lund Valerie J. , Palmer James N. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Sindwani Raj , Solares C. Arturo , Tabaee Abtin , Teo Charles , Thirumala Parthasarathy D. , Thorp Brian D. , de Arnaldo Silva Vellutini Eduardo , Witterick Ian , Woodworth Bradford A. , Wormald Peter‐John , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundEndoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is employed in the management of diverse skull‐base pathologies. Paralleling the increased utilization of ESBS, the literature in this field has expanded rapidly. However, the rarity of these diseases, the inherent challenges of surgical studies, and the continued learning curve in ESBS have resulted in significant variability in the quality of the literature. To consolidate and critically appraise the available literature, experts in skull‐base surgery have produced the International Consensus Statement on Endoscopic Skull‐Base Surgery (ICAR:ESBS).MethodsUsing previously described methodology, topics spanning the breadth of ESBS were identified and assigned a literature review, evidence‐based review or evidence‐based review with recommendations format. Subsequently, each topic was written and then reviewed by skull‐base surgeons in both neurosurgery and otolaryngology. Following this iterative review process, the ICAR:ESBS document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus.ResultsThe ICAR:ESBS document addresses the role of ESBS in primary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, intradural tumors, benign skull‐base and orbital pathology, sinonasal malignancies, and clival lesions. Additionally, specific challenges in ESBS including endoscopic reconstruction and complication management were evaluated.ConclusionA critical review of the literature in ESBS demonstrates at least the equivalency of ESBS with alternative approaches in pathologies such as CSF rhinorrhea and pituitary adenoma as well as improved reconstructive techniques in reducing CSF leaks. Evidence‐based recommendations are limited in other pathologies and these significant knowledge gaps call upon the skull‐base community to embrace these opportunities and collaboratively address these shortcomings.
Aromatic Xanthates and Dithiocarbamates for the Polymerization of Ethylene through Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT)
Authors: Wolpers Arne , Bergerbit Cédric , Ebeling Bastian , D'Agosto Franck , Monteil Vincent 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAromatic xanthates and dithiocarbamates were used as chain‐transfer agents (CTAs) in reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerizations of ethylene under milder conditions (≤80 °C, ≤200 bar). While detrimental side fragmentation of the intermediate radical leading to loss of living chain‐ends was observed before with alkyl xanthate CTAs, this was absent for the aromatic CTAs. The loss of living chain‐ends was nevertheless detected for the aromatic xanthates via a different mechanism based on cross‐termination. Narrow molar‐mass distributions with dispersities between 1.2 and 1.3 were still obtained up to number average molar masses Mn of 1000 g mol−1. The loss of chain‐ends was minor for dithiocarbamates, yielding polyethylene up to Mn=3000 g mol−1 with dispersities between 1.4 and 1.8. While systems investigated showed significant rate retardation, the dithiocarbamates are the first CTAs giving polyethylene with a high livingness via RAFT polymerization.
Access to FeII Bis(σ‐B−H) Aminoborane Complexes through Protonation of a Borohydride Complex and Dehydrogenation of Amine‐Boranes
Authors: Gorgas Nikolaus , Stöger Berthold , Veiros Luis F. , Kirchner Karl 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, we report on the first synthesis and structural characterization of the iron based aminoborane complexes [Fe(PNP)(H)(η2:η2‐H2B=NR2)]+ (R=H, Me). These species are formed upon protonation of the borohydride complex [Fe(PNP)(H)(η2‐BH4)] by ammonium salts [NH2R2]+ (R=H, Me). For R=Me, the reaction proceeds via the cationic dinuclear intermediate [{Fe(PNP)(H)}2(μ2,η2:η2‐BH4)]+. A mechanism for the reaction is proposed based on DFT calculations that also indicate the final aminoborane complex as the thermodynamic product. All complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and X‐ray crystallography.
A Surfactant‐Free and Scalable General Strategy for Synthesizing Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhuang Linzhou , Ge Lei , Liu Hongli , Jiang Zongrui , Jia Yi , Li Zhiheng , Yang Dongjiang , Hocking Rosalie K. , Li Mengran , Zhang Longzhou , Wang Xin , Yao Xiangdong , Zhu Zhonghua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOFs) two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets have many coordinatively unsaturated metal sites that act as active centres for catalysis. To date, limited numbers of 2D MOFs nanosheets can be obtained through top‐down or bottom‐up synthesis strategies. Herein, we report a 2D oxide sacrifice approach (2dOSA) to facilely synthesize ultrathin MOF‐74 and BTC MOF nanosheets with a flexible combination of metal sites, which cannot be obtained through the delamination of their bulk counterparts (top‐down) or the conventional solvothermal method (bottom‐up). The ultrathin iron–cobalt MOF‐74 nanosheets prepared are only 2.6 nm thick. The sample enriched with surface coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, exhibits a significantly higher oxygen evolution reaction reactivity than bulk FeCo MOF‐74 particles and the state‐of‐the‐art MOF catalyst. It is believed that this 2dOSA could provide a new and simple way to synthesize various ultrathin MOF nanosheets for wide applications.
Linear End‐On Coordination Modes of CO2
Authors: Viasus Camilo J. , Gabidullin Bulat , Gambarotta Sandro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe second case of linear end‐on and evidence for an unprecedented bridging end‐on coordination mode of CO2 have been discovered for vanadium aryloxide complexes of the tetradentate ligand system (ONNO)2− (ONNO=2,4‐Me2‐2‐(OH) C6H2CH2]2N(CH2)2NMe2). The reaction of divalent (ONNO)VII (TMEDA) with CO2 and under the appropriate reaction conditions affords the trivalent (ONNO)VIII(OH)(η1‐CO2) resulting from an intermediate CO2 deoxygenation pathway followed by H‐atom abstraction from the aromatic solvent, and CO2 fixation. In contrast, the reduction of trivalent (ONNO)VIIICl(THF) with K, followed by exposure to CO2 in ethereal solvent, afforded the dinuclear [(ONNO)VII]2 (μ,η1‐CO2).
Enantioselective N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Bis(enoate) Rauhut–Currier Reaction
Authors: Bae Song , Zhang Changhe , Gillard Rachel M. , Lupton David W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile the enantioselective Rauhut–Currier reaction is established with bis(enone) substrates, it is yet to be reported with less electrophilic bis(enoate) substrates. By exploiting high‐nucleophilicity N‐heterocyclic carbenes, it is possible to achieve Rauhut–Currier reactions with these substrates. The reaction is demonstrated with a range of intramolecular reactions (20 examples) and six esterification/RC reaction cascades, which all proceed with high enantioselectivity (most >93:7 er).
Protein‐like Enwrapped Perylene Bisimide Chromophore as a Bright Microcrystalline Emitter Material
Authors: Schmidt David , Stolte Matthias , Süß Jasmin , Liess Andreas , Stepanenko Vladimir , Würthner Frank 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStrongly emissive solid‐state materials are mandatory components for many emerging optoelectronic technologies, but fluorescence is often quenched in the solid state owing to strong intermolecular interactions. The design of new organic pigments, which retain their optical properties despite their high tendency to crystallize, could overcome such limitations. Herein, we show a new material with monomer‐like absorption and emission profiles as well as fluorescence quantum yields over 90 % in its crystalline solid state. The material was synthesized by attaching two bulky tris(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)phenoxy substituents at the perylene bisimide bay positions. These substituents direct a packing arrangement with full enwrapping of the chromophore and unidirectional chromophore alignment within the crystal lattice to afford optical properties that resemble those of their natural pigment counterparts, in which chromophores are rigidly embedded in protein environments.
Multiple Active Sites of Carbon for High‐Rate Surface‐Capacitive Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Guang , Shao Meng , Ding Huarui , Qi Ying , Lian Jiabiao , Li Sheng , Qiu Jingxia , Li Huaming , Huo Fengwei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough sodium ion batteries (SIBs) possess many beneficial features, their rate performance, cycling stability, and safety need improvement for commercial applications. Based on the mechanisms of the sodium ions storage in carbon materials, herein we present a multiple active sites decorated amorphous carbon (MAC) with rich structural defects and heteroatom doping as an anode material for SIBs. The full utilization of fast bonding–debonding processes between the active sites and sodium ions could bring a capacitive strategy to achieve superior sodium storage properties. Consequently, after materials characterization and electrochemical evaluation, the as‐prepared electrode could deliver high rate and long‐life performance. This active‐site‐related design could be extended to other types of electrode materials, thereby contributing to future practical SIB applications.
Accelerated ZnMoO4 photocatalytic degradation of pirimicarb under UV light mediated by peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Chen Chiing‐Chang , Fan Huan‐Jung , Shaya Janah , Chang Yi‐Kuo , Golovko Vladimir B. , Toulemonde Olivier , Huang Cheng‐Hung , Song Yu‐Xun , Lu Chung‐Shin 
Published: July 2019

This paper reports the optimized synthesis of zinc molybdates by the hydrothermal method and the combination of ZnMoO4 and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under UV irradiation for the degradation of pirimicarb. The as‐prepared ZnMoO4 photocatalyst was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The effects of operational parameters in the ZnMoO4/PMS/UV system were evaluated and the results indicated the highest performance is achieved with pH = 9.0, 1 mM PMS and 1 g l−1 ZnMoO4. The degradation efficiency of pirimicarb was 98% after 3 h in the photocatalytic process. A photodegradation mechanism is proposed based on scavenger and electron spin resonance studies to decide the main active species and by using chromatography–mass spectrometry to identify the major intermediates. Pirimicarb degradation is found to be mainly driven by holes and •O2− radicals, with the contribution of •OH and SO4•− radicals enhancing the process in the tested catalytic system. The mechanism is proposed involving two routes, dealkylation and decarbamoylation. Lastly, the zinc molybdate photocatalyst is shown to be stable, reusable and efficient in the removal of pirimicarb from real water samples in the presence of PMS, demonstrating potential application in the treatment of contaminated and/or environmental water.