bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The costs of interest representation – a resource perspective on informational lobbying
Authors: Flöthe Linda 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile expert information and information on public preferences are seen as key resources that interest groups provide to policymakers, little is known about the resources that are necessary to acquire such information. Existing scholarship argues that financial resources enhance a group’s ability to supply information, which could be problematic as it suggests that resource poor groups are disadvantaged when lobbying policymakers. Applying a resource perspective to informational lobbying, this paper argues that different information types require different resources and that financial means are less important than assumed. The predictions are tested using a new dataset and survey of 383 advocates active on 50 specific policy issues in five West European countries. The results show that while economic resources are indeed associated with a higher amount of expert information, political capacities allow a group to provide both expert information and information on public preferences. This suggests that groups can rely on other than economic resources for information provision.
Profiles of gene expression in maternal blood predict offspring birth weight in normal pregnancy
Authors: McDade Thomas W. , Kuzawa Chris W. , Borja Judith , Arevalo Jesusa M. G. , Miller Greg , Cole Steve W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe association between lower birth weight and increased disease risk in adulthood has drawn attention to the physiological processes that shape the gestational environment. We implement genome-wide transcriptional profiling of maternal blood samples to identify subsets of genes and associated transcription control pathways that predict offspring birth weight. Female participants (N = 178, mean = 27.0 years) in a prospective observational birth cohort study were contacted between 2009 and 2014 to identify new pregnancies. An in-home interview was scheduled for early in the third trimester (mean = 30.3 weeks) to collect pregnancy-related information and a blood sample, and birth weight was measured shortly after delivery. Transcriptional activity in white blood cells was determined with a whole-genome gene expression direct hybridization assay. Fifty transcripts were differentially expressed in association with offspring birth weight, with 18 up-regulated in relation to lower birth weight, and 32 down-regulated. Examination of transcription control pathways identified increased activity of NF-κB, AP-1, EGR1, EGR4, and Gfi families, and reduced the activity of CEBP, in association with lower birth weight. Transcript origin analyses identified non-classical CD16+ monocytes, CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells, and neutrophils as the primary cellular mediators of differential gene expression. These results point toward a systematic regulatory shift in maternal white blood cell activity in association with lower offspring birth weight, and they suggest that analyses of gene expression during gestation may provide insight into regulatory and cellular mechanisms that influence birth outcomes.
Political Competition, Partisanship, and Interpersonal Trust Under Party Dominance: Evidence from Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Carlin Ryan E. , Love Gregory J. , Young Daniel J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow does single-party dominance influence interpersonal trust? We draw on evidence from trust games played by more than 2,000 subjects in South Africa, where, since Apartheid, race-based social enmity has persisted under democratic competition characterized by single-party dominance. We find that partisan-based trust discrimination is most pronounced for those who identify with the main opposition party and is driven by strong distrust of rival partisans. These findings underscore how electoral competition, in general, shapes trust across party lines and suggests one-sided competition, in particular, has asymmetrical effects between parties in dominant party systems. Moreover, this study provides additional evidence regarding the relative weights of trustworthiness stereotypes tied to partisanship and race.
Sensitivity of the Near‐Shore Oceanic Circulation Off Central Chile to Coastal Wind Profiles Characteristics
Authors: Astudillo O. , Dewitte B. , Mallet M. , Rutllant J. A. , Goubanova K. , Frappart F. , Ramos M. , Bravo L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS), the upwelling favorable wind speeds decrease toward the coast in the so‐called wind drop‐off coastal strip, which has been shown to be influential on the coastal upwelling dynamics, particularly in terms of the relative contributions of Ekman drift and Ekman suction to coastal upwelling. Currently, the wind drop‐off length scale is not properly resolved by the atmospheric forcing of regional ocean models in EBUS, featuring a smoother cross‐shore wind profile that results in stronger near‐shore speeds that could partly explain the coastal cold bias often found in those model simulations. Here, as a case study for the upwelling system off Central Chile, the sensitivity of upwelling dynamics to the coastal wind reduction is investigated using a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Coastal wind profiles at different resolutions are first generated using a regional atmospheric model, validated from altimeter data, and then used to correct the coarse atmospheric wind forcing used for sensitivity experiments with ROMS. It is shown that the wind drop‐off correction induces a reduction in the oceanic coastal jet intensity, a stronger poleward undercurrent and a coherent offshore Ekman drift. It also yields a significant reduction of the cold bias along the coast compared to the simulation with “uncorrected” winds. Such reduction cannot be solely explained by the reduced Ekman transport only partially compensated by increase in Ekman suction. The analysis of the surface heat budget reveals in fact that an important contributor to the cooling reduction along the coast in the presence of coastal wind drop‐off is the heat flux term mediated by the reduction in the mixed‐layer depth. Overall, our results illustrate the nonlinear response of the upwelling dynamics to the coastal wind profiles in this region.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Precipitation Extremities of Eastern Nepal in the Last Two Decades (1997–2016)
Authors: Subba Sunil , Ma Yaoming , Ma Weiqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent days there have been discussions regarding the impact of climate change and its vagaries of the weather, particularly concerning extreme events. Nepal, being a mountainous country, is more susceptible to precipitation extreme events and related hazards, which hinder the socioeconomic development of the nation. In this regard, this study aimed to address this phenomenon for one of the most naturally and socioeconomically important regions of Nepal, namely, Eastern Nepal. The data were collected for the period of 1997 to 2016. The interdecadal comparison for two periods (1997–2006 and 2007–2016) was maintained for the calculation of extreme precipitation indices as per recommended by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. Linear trends were calculated by using Mann‐Kendall and Sen's Slope estimator. The average annual precipitation was found to be decreasing at an alarming rate of −20 mm/year in the last two decades' tenure. In case of extreme precipitation events, consecutive dry days, one of the frequency indices, showed a solo increase in its trend (mostly significant). Meanwhile, all the intensity indices of extreme precipitation showed decreasing trends (mostly insignificant). Thus, it can be concluded that Eastern Nepal has witnessed some significant drier days in the last two decades, as the events of heavy, very heavy, extremely heavy precipitation events, and annual wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT) were found to be decreasing. The same phenomena were also seen in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 V7 satellite precipitation product for whole Nepal.
Pentraxin 3 deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in adipose tissue
Authors: Guo Hong , Qiu Xiaoxue , Deis Jessica , Lin Te-Yueh , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background/objectives
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been characterized as a soluble and multifunctional pattern recognition protein in the regulation of innate immune response. However, little is known about its role in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. Herein, we investigated the role of PTX3 in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in adipocytes and adipose tissue, as well as high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic inflammation in obesity.

Methods

Ptx3 knockdown 3T3-L1 Cells were generated using shRNA for Ptx3 gene and treated with different inflammatory stimuli. For the in vivo studies, Ptx3 knockout mice were treated with 0.3 mg/kg of LPS for 6 h. Adipose tissues were collected for gene and protein expression by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Ptx3 knockout mice were fed with HFD for 12 week since 6 week of age.

Results
We observed that the expression of PTX3 in adipose tissue and serum PTX3 were markedly increased in response to LPS administration. Knocking down Ptx3 in 3T3-L1 cells reduced adipogenesis and caused a more profound and sustained upregulation of proinflammatory gene expression and signaling pathway activation during LPS-stimulated inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In vivo studies showed that PTX3 deficiency significantly exacerbated the LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory genes and downregulation of adipogeneic genes in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice. Accordingly, LPS stimulation elicited increased activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathways in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The expression of PTX3 in adipose tissue was also induced by HFD, and PTX3 deficiency led to the upregulation of proinflammatory genes in visceral adipose tissue of HFD-induced obese mice.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a protective role of PTX3 in LPS- and HFD-induced sustained inflammation in adipose tissue.
A mass-customizable dermal patch with discrete colorimetric indicators for personalized sweat rate quantification
Authors: Jain Vaibhav , Ochoa Manuel , Jiang Hongjie , Rahimi Rahim , Ziaie Babak 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a disposable, colorimetric, user-friendly and mass-customizable dermal patch for chronological collection and discrete real-time in situ measurement of sweat secretion over a small area of skin. The patch consists of a laminated filter paper patterned into radially arranged channels/fingers with water-activated dyes at their tips. As channels are filled during perspiration, their tips change color once fully saturated, providing easily identifiable levels of water loss which in turn can be mapped to personal dehydration levels. The patch can be manufactured at low cost in a variety of sizes to allow hydration monitoring for individuals participating in activities under different conditions (intensity, temperature, humidity, etc.). Furthermore, we describe an analytical model that enables mass customization of such a flexible wearable system accommodating a broad range of sweat rates and volumes to generate patch designs that are personalized to an individual’s sweat rate, desired time of usage, and the temporal resolution of the required feedback. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we characterized laser-fabricated patches that cover (7 cm × 5 cm) area of skin having various wicking materials, thicknesses (180–540 µm), and pore sizes (3–11 µm). Tests were conducted at various flow rates simulating different sweating intensities in the range of 1.5–15 mg/cm2/min. Experimental results for the case of a half-marathon runner targeting 90 min of usage and sweating at a rate of 1.5 mg/cm2/min indicated measurement accuracy of 98.3% when the patch is completely filled.
Finding the optical properties of plasmonic structures by image processing using a combination of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks
Authors: Sajedian Iman , Kim Jeonghyun , Rho Junsuk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImage processing can be used to extract meaningful optical results from images. Here, from images of plasmonic structures, we combined convolutional neural networks with recurrent neural networks to extract the absorption spectra of structures. To provide the data required for the model, we performed 100,000 simulations with similar setups and random structures. In designing this deep network, we created a model that can predict the absorption response of any structure with a similar setup. We used convolutional neural networks to collect spatial information from the images, and then, we used that data and recurrent neural networks to teach the model to predict the relationship between the spatial information and the absorption spectrum. Our results show that this image processing method is accurate and can be used to replace time- and computationally-intensive numerical simulations. The trained model can predict the optical results in less than a second without the need for a strong computing system. This technique can be easily extended to cover different structures and extract any other optical properties.
Targeting the cell cycle in head and neck cancer by Chk1 inhibition: a novel concept of bimodal cell death
Authors: van Harten Anne M. , Buijze Marijke , van der Mast Richard , Rooimans Martin A. , Martens-de Kemp Sanne R. , Bachas Costa , Brink Arjen , Stigter-van Walsum Marijke , Wolthuis Rob M. F. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) coincide with poor survival rates. The lack of driver oncogenes complicates the development of targeted treatments for HNSCC. Here, we follow-up on two previous genome-wide RNA and microRNA interference screens in HNSCC to cross-examine tumor-specific lethality by targeting ATM, ATR, CHEK1, or CHEK2. Our results uncover CHEK1 as the most promising target for HNSCC. CHEK1 expression is essential across a panel of HNSCC cell lines but redundant for growth and survival of untransformed oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts. LY2603618 (Rabusertib), which specifically targets Chk1 kinase, kills HNSCC cells effectively and specifically. Our findings show that HNSCC cells depend on Chk1-mediated signaling to progress through S-phase successfully. Chk1 inhibition coincides with stalled DNA replication, replication fork collapses, and accumulation of DNA damage. We further show that Chk1 inhibition leads to bimodal HNSCC cell killing. In the most sensitive cell lines, apoptosis is induced in S-phase, whereas more resistant cell lines manage to bypass replication-associated apoptosis, but accumulate chromosomal breaks that become lethal in subsequent mitosis. Interestingly, CDK1 expression correlates with treatment outcome. Moreover, sensitivity to Chk1 inhibition requires functional CDK1 and CDK4/6 to drive cell cycle progression, arguing against combining Chk1 inhibitors with CDK inhibitors. In contrast, Wee1 inhibitor Adavosertib progresses the cell cycle and thereby increases lethality to Chk1 inhibition in HNSCC cell lines. We conclude that Chk1 has become a key molecule in HNSCC cell cycle regulation and a very promising therapeutic target. Chk1 inhibition leads to S-phase apoptosis or death in mitosis. We provide a potential efficacy biomarker and combination therapy to follow-up in clinical setting.
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement IGHV3-48 is a predictive marker of histological transformation into aggressive lymphoma in follicular lymphomas
Authors: García-Álvarez María , Alonso-Álvarez Sara , Prieto-Conde Isabel , Jiménez Cristina , Sarasquete M. Eugenia , Chillón M. Carmen , Medina Alejandro , Balanzategui Ana , Maldonado Rebeca , Antón Alicia , Puig Noemí , Rodríguez Marta , Blanco Oscar , Tamayo Pilar , González-Calle Verónica , Martín Alejandro , García-Sanz Ramón , González Marcos , Caballero M. Dolores , Alcoceba Miguel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFollicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease whose pathogenesis remains partially unknown. Around 20% of FL patients experience early progression or treatment-refractory disease and 2–3% of patients per year experience histological transformation (HT) into a more aggressive lymphoma (tFL). Here, we evaluate the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene usage and mutational status in 187 FL cases to assess its impact on clinical outcome and histological transformation. The IGHV gene repertoire was remarkably biased in FL. The IGHV4-34 (14%), IGHV3-23 (14%), IGHV3-48 (10%), IGHV3-30 (9%) and IGHV3-21 (7%) genes accounted for more than half of the whole cohort. IGHV3-48 was overrepresented in cases of tFL (19%) compared with non-transformed FL at 5 years (5%, P = 0.05). Patients with the IGHV3-48 gene were significantly more likely to have had HT after 10 years than those who used other genes (71% vs. 25%, P < 0.05), irrespective of the therapy they received. Moreover, IGHV3-30 was also overrepresented in cases of FL (9%) and tFL (13%) compared with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in which it was nearly absent. In conclusion, our results indicate a role for antigen selection in the development of FL, while the use of IGHV3-48 could help predict histological transformation.
Exosomes from CD99-deprived Ewing sarcoma cells reverse tumor malignancy by inhibiting cell migration and promoting neural differentiation
Authors: De Feo Alessandra , Sciandra Marika , Ferracin Manuela , Felicetti Federica , Astolfi Annalisa , Pignochino Ymera , Picci Piero , Carè Alessandra , Scotlandi Katia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEwing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive mesenchymal tumor with unmet clinical need and significant social impacts on children, adolescents, and young adults. CD99, a hallmark surface molecule of EWS, participates in crucial biological processes including cell migration, differentiation, and death. EWS cells can release CD99 through exosomes (EXOs), specialized extracellular vesicles with major cell communication roles. Here we show that, as a consequence of CD99 silencing, EWS cells deliver exosomes with oncosuppressive functions that significantly reduce tumor aggressiveness. These CD99-lacking microvesicles modulate gene expression of the EWS-recipient cells, reduce proliferation and migration, in turn inducing a more-differentiated less-malignant phenotype. The most relevant effects were detected on the activator protein-1 signaling pathway whose regulation was found to be dependent on the specific cargo loaded in vesicles after CD99 shutdown. Investigation of the miRNA content of CD99-deprived EXOs identified miR-199a-3p as a key driver able to reverse EWS malignancy in experimental models as well as in clinical specimens. All together, our data provide evidence that the abrogation of CD99 in EWS tumor cells leads to produce and release EXOs capable to transfer their antineoplastic effects into the nearby tumor cells, suggesting a novel atypical role for these microvesicles in reversion of malignancy rather than in priming the soil for progression and metastatic seeding. This conceptually innovative approach might offer a new therapeutic opportunity to treat a tumor still refractory to most treatments.
Perturbation of synapsins homeostasis through HIV-1 Tat-mediated suppression of BAG3 in primary neuronal cells
Authors: Mohseni Ahooyi Taha , Torkzaban Bahareh , Shekarabi Masoud , Tahrir Farzaneh G. , Decoppet Emilie A. , Cotto Bianca , Langford Dianne , Amini Shohreh , Khalili Kamel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHIV-1 Tat is known to be released by HIV infected non-neuronal cells in the brain, and after entering neurons, compromises brain homeostasis by impairing pro-survival pathways, thus contributing to the development of HIV-associated CNS disorders commonly observed in individuals living with HIV. Here, we demonstrate that synapsins, phosphoproteins that are predominantly expressed in neuronal cells and play a vital role in modulating neurotransmitter release at the pre-synaptic terminal, and neuronal differentiation become targets for Tat through autophagy and protein quality control pathways. We demonstrate that the presence of Tat in neurons results in downregulation of BAG3, a co-chaperone for heat shock proteins (Hsp70/Hsc70) that is implicated in protein quality control (PQC) processes by eliminating mis-folded and damaged proteins, and selective macroautophagy. Our results show that treatment of cells with Tat or suppression of BAG3 expression by siRNA in neuronal cells disturbs subcellular distribution of synapsins and synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) leading to their accumulation in the neuronal soma and along axons in a punctate pattern, rather than being properly distributed at axon-terminals. Further, our results revealed that synapsins partially lost their stability and their removal via lysosomal autophagy was noticeably impaired in cells with low levels of BAG3. The observed impairment of lysosomal autophagy, under this condition, is likely caused by cells losing their ability to process LC3-I to LC3-II, in part due to a decrease in the ATG5 levels upon BAG3 knockdown. These observations ascribe a new function for BAG3 in controlling synaptic communications and illuminate a new downstream target for Tat to elicit its pathogenic effect in impacting neuronal cell function and behavior.
Author Correction: Sustained NF-κB-STAT3 signaling promotes resistance to Smac mimetics in Glioma stem-like cells but creates a vulnerability to EZH2 inhibition
Authors: da Hora Cintia Carla , Pinkham Kelsey , Carvalho Litia , Zinter Max , Tabet Elie , Nakano Ichiro , Tannous Bakhos A. , Badr Christian E. 
Published: June 2019

After publication of this article, the authors realized that the Supplementary Figure S5B had an error in it. Specifically, the labels for BIR and AXD1480 on the x-axis were in the wrong place. All text referring to the figure, including the legend, are correct and this does not impact the findings of the study. This error has not been corrected in the original version of the Article.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.