bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Overrun, Fat Destabilization, and Ice Cream Mix Viscosity on Entire Meltdown Behavior
Authors: Wu Biqing , Freire Dieyckson O , Hartel Richard W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aims at exploring ice cream meltdown behavior by changing the levels of stabilizer (ST), polysorbate 80 (PS80), and overrun (OR). By adjusting the formulation of ice cream, the degree of fat destabilization (FD), mix viscosity (MV), and overrun can be controlled within a certain range, which in turn presents different meltdown behaviors for study. In addition to the drip‐through test, the shape of ice cream as it melts was recorded as height change to further investigate ice cream meltdown. Mix viscosity (at 50 s−1) and fat destabilization were found to have a significant effect not only on drip‐through rate, but also the induction time, final weight of the drip‐through part, height‐change rate, and final height of melted ice cream. On the other side, overrun was found only to have an effect on meltdown when no stabilizers were added. These results indicate serum phase viscosity (mix viscosity) and fat destabilization are important parameters to describe ice cream meltdown. Besides, the entire ice cream meltdown curve and height collapse curve provide important information on ice cream meltdown behavior.Practical applicationA new direction of analysis of ice cream meltdown behavior is provided in this study. The induction time, the final drip‐through weight, and the height change during the meltdown process were found to be the indicators on the influence of microstructure on ice cream meltdown behavior for the future study.
‘Who Bravely Fights, and Like Achilles Bleeds': The Ideal of the Front‐Line Soldier during the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Taylor Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAugmenting recent efforts to recover a broader spectrum of eighteenth‐century attitudes towards martial models of masculinity, this article challenges traditional arguments that eighteenth‐century Britain either rejected or softened martial ideals by examining the period's under‐explored veneration of the sanguinary front‐line soldier. Connecting examples from literature and material culture, it demonstrates that eighteenth‐century artists valorised Achilles, literature's most bloodthirsty hero, as the archetype for this battlefield figure and made anachronistic comparisons with Homer's hero the subject of numerous encomiums on successive eighteenth‐century leaders. The conclusion outlines the persistence of this British cult of Achilles from the nineteenth century to the twenty‐first.
Convolution kernel and iterative reconstruction affect the diagnostic performance of radiomics and deep learning in lung adenocarcinoma pathological subtypes
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhang Wei , Sun Yingli , Ye Yuxiang , Yang Jiancheng , Chen Wufei , Gao Pan , Li Jianying , Li Cheng , Jin Liang , Wang Peijun , Hua Yanqing , Li Ming 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of convolution kernel and iterative reconstruction on the diagnostic performance of radiomics and deep learning (DL) in lung adenocarcinomas.MethodsA total of 183 patients with 215 lung adenocarcinomas were included in this study. All CT imaging data was reconstructed with three reconstruction algorithms (ASiR at 0%, 30%, 60% strength), each with two convolution kernels (bone and standard). A total of 171 nodules were selected as the training‐validation set, whereas 44 nodules were selected as the testing set. Logistic regression and a DL framework‐DenseNets were selected to tackle the task. Three logical experiments were implemented to fully explore the influence of the studied parameters on the diagnostic performance. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the performance of constructed models.ResultsIn Experiments A and B, no statistically significant results were found in the radiomic method, whereas two and six pairs were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the DL method. In Experiment_C, significant differences in one and four models were found in the radiomics and DL methods, respectively. Moreover, models constructed with standard convolution kernel data outperformed that constructed with bone convolution kernel data in all studied ASiR levels in the DL method. In the DL method, B0 and S60 performed best in bone and standard convolution kernel, respectively.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that DL was more susceptible to CT parameter variability than radiomics. Standard convolution kernel images seem to be more appropriate for imaging analysis. Further investigation with a larger sample size is needed.
The nlrx r package: A next‐generation framework for reproducible NetLogo model analyses
Authors: Salecker Jan , Sciaini Marco , Meyer Katrin M. , Wiegand Kerstin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Agent‐based models find wide application in all fields of science where large‐scale patterns emerge from properties of individuals. Due to increasing capacities of computing resources it was possible to improve the level of detail and structural realism of next‐generation models in recent years. However, this is at the expense of increased model complexity, which requires more efficient tools for model exploration, analysis and documentation that enable reproducibility, repeatability and parallelization. NetLogo is a widely used environment for agent‐based model development, but it does not provide sufficient built‐in tools for extensive model exploration, such as sensitivity analyses. One tool for controlling NetLogo externally is the r‐package RNetLogo. However, this package is not suited for efficient, reproducible research as it has stability and resource allocation issues, is not straightforward to be setup and used on high performance computing clusters and does not provide utilities, such as storing and exchanging metadata, in an easy way.

We present the r‐package nlrx, which overcomes stability and resource allocation issues by running NetLogo simulations via dynamically created XML experiment files. Class objects make setting up experiments more convenient and helper functions provide many parameter exploration approaches, such as Latin Hypercube designs, Sobol sensitivity analyses or optimization approaches. Output is automatically collected in user‐friendly formats and can be post‐processed with provided utility functions. nlrx enables reproducibility by storing all relevant information and simulation output of experiments in one r object which can conveniently be archived and shared.

We provide a detailed description of the nlrx package functions and the overall workflow. We also present a use case scenario using a NetLogo model, for which we performed a sensitivity analysis and a genetic algorithm optimization.

The nlrx package is the first framework for documentation and application of reproducible NetLogo simulation model analysis.
Improved mitochondrial stress response in long‐lived Snell dwarf mice
Authors: Ozkurede Ulas , Miller Richard A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProlonged lifespan and improved health in late adulthood can be achieved by partial inhibition of mitochondrial proteins in yeast, worms, fruit flies, and mice. Upregulation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) has been proposed as a common pathway in lifespan extension induced by mitochondrial defects. However, it is not known whether mtUPR is elevated in long‐lived mouse models. Here, we report that Snell dwarf mice, which show 30%–40% lifespan extension and prolonged healthspan, exhibit augmented mitochondrial stress responses. Cultured cells from Snell mice show elevated levels of the mitochondrial chaperone HSP60 and mitochondrial protease LONP1, two components of the mtUPR. In response to mitochondrial stress, the increase in Tfam (mitochondrial transcription factor A), a regulator of mitochondrial transcription, is higher in Snell cells, while Pgc‐1α, the main regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, is upregulated only in Snell cells. Consistent with these differences, Snell cells maintain oxidative respiration rate, ATP content, and expression of mitochondrial‐DNA‐encoded genes after exposure to doxycycline stress. In vivo, compared to normal mice, Snell mice show stronger hepatic mtUPR induction and maintain mitochondrial protein stoichiometry after mitochondrial stress exposure. Overall, our work demonstrates that a long‐lived mouse model exhibits improved mitochondrial stress response, and provides a rationale for future mouse lifespan studies involving compounds that induce mtUPR. Further research on mitochondrial homeostasis in long‐lived mice may facilitate development of interventions that blunt mitochondrial deterioration in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's and postpone diseases of aging in humans.
Can natural enemies of current insect pests provide biotic resistance to future pests?
Authors: Horrocks Kiran J. , Ward Darren , Suckling David M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Economic pests jeopardize agricultural production worldwide. Classical biological control, comprising the import of exotic natural enemies to control target pest populations, has a successful history in many countries. However, little is known about how these natural enemies contribute to the suppression of pests that are yet to arrive. Biotic resistance theory, though, posits that communities resist species invasions as a result of natural enemies.
We assessed the potential of the resident exotic parasitoid wasp fauna in New Zealand (intentionally‐introduced biological control agents and unintentionally‐introduced species) to provide biotic resistance against possible future pests. A dataset was generated containing resident exotic parasitoid species (Ichneumonoidea: Braconidae; Ichneumonidae) in New Zealand, as well as their known global host ranges and the pest status of host species, to infer the potential for biotic resistance.
The known exotic ichneumonoid fauna in New Zealand comprises 65 species. These species associate with 107 host species in New Zealand, of which 54 species are pests. However, the current exotic species could potentially suppress 442 pest species not yet occurring in New Zealand.
This approach could be used to inform pest management programmes worldwide. Future research should consider how biotic resistance from the established parasitoid fauna can be used to inform specific decisions with respect to classical biological control.
Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography of retinal vessels in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Willerslev Anne , Larsen Michael , Rothenbuehler Simon P. , Sørensen Torben L. , Hammer Troels , Paques Michel , Munch Inger Christine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo image retinal blood vessels in patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsRetrospective case series examining fundus photographs and OCT scans of 16 eyes in eight patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Analyses included intravascular OCT reflectivity profiles and vessel diameters, and their relation to total immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels.ResultsIn six out of eight patients, cross‐sectional OCT scans of larger retinal vessels (diameter > 100 μm) showed normal intravascular reflectivity and retrovascular shadowing. In two patients with the highest total IgM > 60 g/l, altered intravascular reflectivity, distinct anterior and posterior vessel wall reflexes, and retrovascular hyposhadowing were seen. Normalization of the OCT reflectivity in these patients occurred after reduction of total IgM to < 17 g/l and was accompanied by decreasing venous tortuosity and disappearance of retinal haemorrhages and cotton wool spots.ConclusionThis study found that Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and total IgM > 60 g/l were associated with abnormal intravascular reflectivity and retrovascular shadowing on OCT. Awareness of these signs of hyperviscosity could potentially enable earlier detection of critical conditions in patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and improve the assessment of severity and treatment effect.
Effects of corporate social responsibility on customer satisfaction and organizational attractiveness: A signaling perspective
Authors: Zhang Qingyu , Cao Mei , Zhang Fangfang , Liu Jing , Li Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, many researchers have attempted to determine the mechanisms of how corporate social responsibility (CSR) brings financial benefits to a firm. However, many chief financial officers (CFOs) throughout the world are uncertain about the strategic value of CSR, and no consensus has been reached on defining how CSR creates value. Drawing on signaling theory, we explore the effects of the multidimensional construct of CSR on organizational performance by examining the relationships among CSR, corporate reputation, customer satisfaction, and organizational attractiveness from the perspectives of both customers as well as job seekers. Consistent with the European Commission's view, CSR is defined as having three components: CSR for employees, CSR for customers, and CSR for social public welfare. Data are collected through an online survey of a convenient sample of 500 individuals from different organizations in China. Results indicate that corporate reputation plays a mediating role in the relationship between CSR and customer satisfaction and that between CSR and organizational attractiveness. Further, the impact mechanisms of the three components of CSR are different. For CSR for employees, both cognitive and affective reputation work as mediators, with the former playing a bigger mediating role than the latter. For CSR for customers, only cognitive reputation works as a mediator, whereas for CSR for social public welfare, only affective reputation works as a mediator. This study's findings show that the abovementioned relationships are more complex than previous studies have revealed. These insights provide guidelines for firms to better adjust their CSR strategies to improve customer satisfaction and organizational attractiveness.
Platelets in myeloproliferative neoplasms have a distinct transcript signature in the presence of marrow fibrosis
Authors: Guo Belinda B. , Linden Matthew D. , Fuller Kathryn A. , Phillips Michael , Mirzai Bob , Wilson Lynne , Chuah Hun , Liang James , Howman Rebecca , Grove Carolyn S. , Malherbe Jacques A. , Leahy Michael F. , Allcock Richard J. , Erber Wendy N. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryMarrow fibrosis is a significant complication of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) that affects up to 20% of patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. The pathological processes that lead to fibrotic progression are not well understood, but megakaryocytes have been implicated in the process. The aim of this study was to determine whether platelets, derived from megakaryocytes, have transcriptomic alterations associated with fibrosis. Platelets from MPN patients with and without fibrosis and non‐malignant control individuals were assessed using next generation sequencing. Results from the initial training cohort showed discrete changes in platelet transcripts in the presence of marrow fibrosis. We identified more than 1000 differentially expressed transcripts from which a putative 3‐gene fibrotic platelet signature (CCND1,H2AX[previously termedH2AFX] andCEP55) could be identified. This fibrosis‐associated signature was assessed blinded on platelets from an independent test MPN patient cohort. The 3‐gene signature was able to discriminate between patients with and without marrow fibrosis with a positive predictive value of 71% (93% specificity, 71% sensitivity). This demonstrates that assessment of dysregulated transcripts in platelets may be a useful monitoring tool in MPN to identify progression to marrow fibrosis. Further, sequential monitoring could have clinical applications for early prediction of progression to fibrosis.
Pre‐transplant short telomeres are associated with high mortality risk after unrelated donor haematopoietic cell transplant for severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Wang Youjin , McReynolds Lisa J. , Dagnall Casey , Katki Hormuzd A. , Spellman Stephen R. , Wang Tao , Hicks Belynda , Freedman Neal D. , Jones Kristine , Lee Stephanie J. , Savage Sharon A. , Gadalla Shahinaz M. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryTelomeres are essential for chromosomal stability and markers of biological age. We evaluated the effect of pre‐transplant short (<10th percentile‐for‐age) or very short (<5th or <1st percentile‐for‐age) leucocyte telomere length on survival after unrelated donor haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for acquired severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). Patient pre‐transplant blood samples and clinical data were available at the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. We used quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction to measure relative telomere length (RTL) in 490 SAA patients who received HCT between 1990 and 2013 (median age = 20 years). One hundred and twelve patients (22·86%) had pre‐HCT RTL <10th percentile‐for‐age, with the majority below the 5th percentile (N = 80, 71·43%). RTL <10th percentile‐for‐age was associated with a higher risk of post‐HCT mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1·78, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1·18–2·69, P = 0·006) compared with RTL ≥50th percentile; no survival differences were noted in longer RTL categories (P > 0·10). Time‐dependent effects for post‐HCT mortality were only observed in relation to very short RTL; HR comparing RTL <5th versus ≥5th percentile = 1·38, P = 0·15 for the first 12 months after HCT, and HR = 3·91, P < 0·0001, thereafter, P‐heterogeneity = 0·008; the corresponding HRs for RTL <1st versus ≥1st percentile = 1·29, P = 0·41, and HR = 5·18, P < 0·0001, P‐heterogeneity = 0·005. The study suggests a potential role for telomere length in risk stratification of SAA patients in regard to their HCT survival.
Treatment efficacy for adult persistent immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Puavilai Teeraya , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Ingsathit Atiporn , McEvoy Mark , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPersistent immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients require second‐line treatments, for which information on clinical outcomes are lacking. A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) were conducted. Only randomised controlled trials (RCT) of second‐line drugs in adult persistent ITP patients with platelet response, platelet count, any bleeding or serious adverse events (SAE) outcome were eligible. Twelve RCTs (n = 1313) were included in NMA. For platelet response outcome, eltrombopag and romiplostin were the best relative to placebo; the former had a non‐significant advantage [risk ratio (RR) = 1·10 (95% confidence interval: 0·46, 2·67)]. Both treatments were superior to rituximab and recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO)+rituximab, with corresponding RRs of 4·56 (1·89, 10·96) and 4·18 (1·21, 14·49) for eltrombopag; 4·13 (1·56, 10·94) and 3·79 (1·02, 14·09) for romiplostim. For platelet count, romiplostim ranked highest, followed by eltrombopag, rhTPO+rituximab, and rituximab. For bleeding, rituximab had lowest risk, followed by eltrombopag and romiplostim. For SAEs, rhTPO+rituximab had highest risk, followed by rituximab, eltrombopag and romiplostim. From clustered ranking, romiplostim had the best balance between short‐term efficacy and SAEs, followed by eltrombopag. In conclusion, romiplostim and eltrombopag may yield high efficacy and safety. Rituximab may not be beneficial due to lower efficacy and higher complications compared with the thrombopoietin receptor agonists. RCTs with long‐term clinical outcomes are required.
Histological and immunohistochemical comparison of two different allogeneic bone grafting materials for alveolar ridge reconstruction: A prospective randomized trial in humans
Authors: Solakoglu Önder , Götz Werner , Heydecke Guido , Schwarzenbach Heidi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreclinical studies have hypothesized a possible immunological reponse to allogeneic materials due to detection of remnants of potential immunogenic molecules. However, their impact on integration, bone remodeling and immunological reaction after the augmentation procedure is largely unknown and a direct correlation of analytical data and evaluation of human biopsies is missing.PurposeThe present study aimed to compare two commercially available allogeneic materials regarding their content of cellular remnants as well as the bone remodeling, and integration and potential immunologic reactions on a histological and immunohistochemical level, integrating also in vitro analytical evaluation of the specific batches that were used clinically.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients were randomly assigned to treatment with Maxgraft or Puros for lateral ridge augmentation in a two‐stage surgery. After a mean healing period of 5 months, implants were placed and biopsies were taken for histological, immunhistochemical, and histomorphometrical evaluation regarding bone remodeling and inflammation, protein concentrations in vitro and the presence of MHC molecules of the same batches used clinically.ResultsNo differences in clinical outcome, histological, immunohistochemical, and in vitro protein analysis between the two bone grafting materials were observed. Active bone remodeling, amount of newly formed bone, and residual grafting material was independent of the materials used, but varied between subjects. MHC1 residues were not detected in any sample.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, both tested materials yielded equivalent results in terms of clinical outcome, new bone formation, and lack of immunological potential on a histological and immunohistochemical level.
Pleural dye marking of lung nodules by electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy
Authors: Bowling Mark R. , Folch Erik E. , Khandhar Sandeep J. , Arenberg Douglas A. , Awais Omar , Minnich Douglas J. , Pritchett Michael A. , Rickman Otis B. , Sztejman Eric , Anciano Carlos J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionElectromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)‐guided pleural dye marking is useful to localize small peripheral pulmonary nodules for sublobar resection.ObjectiveTo report findings on the use of ENB‐guided dye marking among participants in the NAVIGATE study.MethodsNAVIGATE is a prospective, multicentre, global and observational cohort study of ENB use in patients with lung lesions. The current subgroup report is a prespecified 1‐month interim analysis of ENB‐guided pleural dye marking in the NAVIGATE United States cohort.ResultsThe full United States cohort includes 1215 subjects from 29 sites (April 2015 to August 2016). Among those, 23 subjects (24 lesions) from seven sites underwent dye marking in preparation for surgical resection. ENB was conducted for dye marking alone in nine subjects while 14 underwent dye marking concurrent with lung lesion biopsy, lymph node biopsy and/or fiducial marker placement. The median nodule size was 10 mm (range 4‐22) and 83.3% were <20 mm in diameter. Most lesions (95.5%) were located in the peripheral third of the lung, at a median of 3.0 mm from the pleura. The median ENB‐specific procedure time was 11.5 minutes (range 4‐38). The median time from dye marking to resection was 0.5 hours (range 0.3‐24). Dye marking was adequate for surgical resection in 91.3%. Surgical biopsies were malignant in 75% (18/24).ConclusionIn this study, ENB‐guided dye marking to localize lung lesions for surgery was safe, accurate and versatile. More information is needed about surgical practice patterns and the utility of localization procedures.