bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of living with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative data
Authors: Domeij Helena , Fahlström Gunilla , Bertilsson Göran , Hultcrantz Monica , Munthe‐Kaas Heather , Gordh Christina Nehlin , Helgesson Gert 
Published: February 2018

AimTo identify and assess available evidence from qualitative studies exploring experiences of individuals living with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) or those living with a child with FASD, as well as experiences of interventions aimed at supporting individuals with FASD and their families.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted in six electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Included studies were analysed using manifest content analysis. Methodological limitations and confidence in the evidence were assessed using a modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation–Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research approach respectively.ResultsFindings from 18 studies show that individuals with FASD experience a variation of disabilities, ranging from somatic problems, high pain tolerance, destructive behaviour, hyperactivity, and aggressiveness, to social problems with friendship, school attendance, and maintenance of steady employment. Most studies reported parents’ experiences with FASD; parenting was viewed as a lifelong engagement and that the whole family is isolated and burdened because of FASD. People with FASD feel that their difficulties affect their daily life in a limiting way and make them feel different from others.InterpretationFrom the perspective of primarily parents, individuals with FASD and their parents face many different difficulties, for which they need societal support.What this paper adds

Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) feel their difficulties make them different from others.

Parents think of their parenting as a lifelong engagement.

There is a shortage of studies investigating experiences of children with FASD.

There is a shortage of studies investigating experiences of interventions given to individuals with FASD.
3D Printed Surgical Simulation Models as educational tool by maxillofacial surgeons
Authors: Werz S. M. , Zeichner S. J. , Berg B.‐I. , Zeilhofer H.‐F. , Thieringer F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether inexpensive 3D models can be suitable to train surgical skills to dental students or oral and maxillofacial surgery residents. Furthermore, we wanted to know which of the most common filament materials, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA), can better simulate human bone according to surgeons' subjective perceptions.Materials and MethodsUpper and lower jaw models were produced with common 3D desktop printers, ABS and PLA filament and silicon rubber for soft tissue simulation. Those models were given to 10 blinded, experienced maxillofacial surgeons to perform sinus lift and wisdom teeth extraction. Evaluation was made using a questionnaire.ResultsBecause of slightly different density and filament prices, each silicon‐covered model costs between 1.40‐1.60 USD (ABS) and 1.80‐2.00 USD (PLA) based on 2017 material costs. Ten experienced raters took part in the study. All raters deemed the models suitable for surgical education. No significant differences between ABS and PLA were found, with both having distinct advantages.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that 3D printing with inexpensive printing filaments is a promising method for training oral and maxillofacial surgery residents or dental students in selected surgical procedures. With a simple and cost‐efficient manufacturing process, models of actual patient cases can be produced on a small scale, simulating many kinds of surgical procedures.
Efficacy of slow oscillatory‐transcranial direct current stimulation on EEG and memory – contribution of an inter‐individual factor
Authors: Koo Ping Chai , Mölle Matthias , Marshall Lisa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite many reports on beneficial effects of anodal slow oscillatory‐transcranial direct current stimulation (so‐tDCS) during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep on memory consolidation, frequent negative outcomes have also been observed. Our working hypothesis is that so‐tDCS efficacy is strongly dependent upon the susceptibility of the underlying network. One component determining susceptibility of the network is hypothesized to be reflected in learning or ‘task‐induced’ plastic changes. Another component is hypothesized to represent inter‐individual confounds. Twenty‐five (15 female) healthy students participated in two learning conditions with and without so‐tDCS during early nocturnal NREM sleep and in one control condition without learning tasks. So‐tDCS was applied in five 5‐min blocks. EEG was assessed during two time windows: an acute period with five 1‐min epochs after each stimulation block and a 150‐min post‐stimulation time period. Inter‐individual differences were assessed by a memory quotient (MQ) and subjects classified into high‐ vs. low‐scoring groups. Although so‐tDCS was efficient in enhancing fast spindle parameters in the 150‐min time period in all subjects, so‐tDCS failed to modulate memory consolidation. In contrast, in subjects with a high MQ, memory retention on a figural paired‐associate task was significantly increased after so‐tDCS. Task‐induced slow spindle density was modulated in the opposite direction in subjects with high vs. low MQ being increased in the high‐MQ group only. Effects of so‐tDCS on EEG were limited to fast spindle modulations in both time windows. These results reveal that inter‐individual confound can impact so‐tDCS efficacy, suggesting potential use of such factors as biomarkers.
Excitatory extrinsic afferents to striatal interneurons and interactions with striatal microcircuitry
Authors: Assous Maxime , Tepper James M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe striatum constitutes the main input structure of the basal ganglia and receives two major excitatory glutamatergic inputs, from the cortex and the thalamus. Excitatory cortico‐ and thalamostriatal connections innervate the principal neurons of the striatum, the spiny projection neurons (SPNs), which constitute the main cellular input as well as the only output of the striatum. In addition, corticostriatal and thalamostriatal inputs also innervate striatal interneurons. Some of these inputs have been very well studied, for example the thalamic innervation of cholinergic interneurons and the cortical innervation of striatal fast‐spiking interneurons, but inputs to most other GABAergic interneurons remain largely unstudied, due in part to the relatively recent identification and characterization of many of these interneurons. In this review, we will discuss and reconcile some older as well as more recent data on the extrinsic excitatory inputs to striatal interneurons. We propose that the traditional feed‐forward inhibitory model of the cortical input to the fast‐spiking interneuron then inhibiting the SPN, often assumed to be the prototype of the main functional organization of striatal interneurons, is incomplete. We provide evidence that the extrinsic innervation of striatal interneurons is not uniform but shows great cell‐type specificity. In addition, we will review data showing that striatal interneurons are themselves interconnected in a highly cell‐type‐specific manner. These data suggest that the impact of the extrinsic inputs on striatal activity critically depends on synaptic interactions within interneuronal circuitry.
Toward evidence‐based severity assessment in rat models with repeated seizures: I. Electrical kindling
Authors: Möller Christina , Wolf Fabio , van Dijk R. Maarten , Di Liberto Valentina , Russmann Vera , Keck Michael , Palme Rupert , Hellweg Rainer , Gass Peter , Otzdorff Christiane , Potschka Heidrun 
Published: February 2018

SummaryObjectiveRodent epilepsy models can significantly contribute to our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and to validation of biomarker and target candidates. Evidence‐based severity assessment is a presupposition for the ethical evaluation of animal experimentation allowances as well as for the development of efficacious refinement concepts.MethodsAiming to improve our understanding of the impact of experimental procedures and repeated seizures, we have completed a comprehensive behavioral and biochemical analysis assessing various parameters that can inform about the influence of an electrical kindling paradigm on well‐being in rats. Thereby, we have focused on the immediate effects of phases with focal and generalized seizures with behavioral testing during kindling acquisition.ResultsElectrode implantation exerted mild effects on anxiety‐associated behavior and reduced serum corticosterone at 3 weeks, but not 7 weeks, following surgery. Analysis in kindled rats excluded any relevant impact of focal seizures on behavioral and biochemical parameters. Assessment in rats with generalized seizures revealed an impact on nest complexity scores, nest soiling, and selected parameters in paradigms evaluating anxiety‐associated behavior. Moreover, serum corticosterone levels, but neither hair corticosterone nor fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations were lowered as a consequence of repeated generalized seizures. The assessment of various other behavioral and biochemical parameters did not reveal any other relevant effects of generalized seizures. Cross‐correlation analysis suggested that assessment of nest building and maintenance can provide information comparable to that from more elaborate behavioral assays. This finding provides first evidence that nest scoring might serve as a simple and valid approach to evaluate rat well‐being during routine assessment schemes.SignificanceThe findings argue against a persistent level of pronounced distress and suggest a classification of the kindling paradigm as a model with moderate severity based on a longer‐lasting mild impact on animal behavioral patterns. This suggestion provides a basis for a prospective and retrospective case‐by‐case severity assessment.
The contribution of feedback loops between miRNAs, cytokines and growth factors to the pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Masalha Moamen , Sidi Yechezkel , Avni Dror 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present review describes in detail the existent data regarding feedback loops between miRNAs and cytokines or growth factors in the psoriatic inflammation. We have chosen to describe the roles of miR‐31, miR‐21, miR‐146a, miR‐155, miR‐197 and miR‐99a in this process. This choice derives from the fact that among around 250 miRNAs being altered in the psoriatic lesion, the comprehensive functional role was described only in those detailed above. In addition, considering the molecular targets and the pathways, which may possibly be regulated by those miRNAs, it seems that they may be chosen as preferred targets for the therapy of psoriasis.
Seeking alternative stable states in a deep lake
Authors: Bruel Rosalie , Marchetto Aldo , Bernard Anaëlle , Lami Andrea , Sabatier Pierre , Frossard Victor , Perga Marie‐Elodie 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Hysteresis linked to alternative stable states may explain delays in water quality recovery despite reduced nutrient loadings in shallow lakes. Because deep lakes are assumed to be less prone to critical transitions, similar delays are attributed to the confounding effects of additional environmental disturbances, such as climate warming. Herein, we hypothesised that the lack of evidence of nutrient‐driven alternative stable states in a deep lake arises from the fact that the nutrient threshold that causes the critical transition is lower than the nutrient threshold in shallow lakes. Thereby, it might have been crossed much earlier in the lake history.

To test this hypothesis, we focused on the palaeo‐ecological trajectory of Lake Varese, which is a deep, hypereutrophicated peri‐alpine lake undergoing restoration. Proxies for drivers of ecological state (i.e. total phosphorus—TP—through diatoms and pigments) and ecological responses (Cladocera), as well as a repeatable analysis, were used to identify transitions and to distinguish hysteretic delays from those of the ecosystems responding to additional constraints over the past century.

Our results suggest spatial heterogeneity in the ecological response. The littoral habitats changed abruptly and prematurely for a low TP threshold, causing a shift that met many criteria of a flickering‐type critical transition. Soon after the littoral shift, a striking increase in the lake phosphorous concentration was recorded and drove the pelagic assemblage towards a new state. This transition was abrupt, and the pelagic communities exhibited limited evidence of recovery; however, we found no evidence of hysteresis. Therefore, the modern ecological trajectory of the pelagic communities is currently driven by climate warming.

This detailed analysis allowed us to go beyond the general pattern that links ecological responses to drivers and suggest that a nonlinear transition following eutrophication can take place in a deep lake synchronously with linear transitions. Instead of triggering a new regime shift, climate warming, to which pelagic habitats are more sensitive than littoral ones, has driven the lake further from its safe operating space.
The periplasmic disordered domain of RodZ promotes its self‐interaction in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ikebe Ryosuke , Kuwabara Yuri , Chikada Taiki , Niki Hironori , Shiomi Daisuke 
Published: February 2018

Rod shape of bacterial cells such as Escherichia coli is mainly regulated by a supramolecular complex called elongasome including MreB actin. Deletion of the mreB gene in rod‐shaped bacterium E. coli results in round‐shaped cells. RodZ was isolated as a determinant of rod shape in E. coli, Caulobacter crescentus and Bacillus subtilis and it has been shown to be an interaction partner and a regulator of assembly of MreB through its cytoplasmic domain. As opposed to functions of the N‐terminal cytoplasmic domain of RodZ, functions of the C‐terminal periplasmic domain including a disordered region are still unclear. To understand it, we adopted an in vivo photo‐cross‐linking assay to analyze interaction partners to identify proteins which interact with RodZ via its periplasmic domain, finding that the RodZ self‐interacts in the periplasmic disordered domain. Self‐interaction of RodZ was affected by MreB actin. Deletion of this region resulted in aberrant cell shape. Our results suggest that MreB binding to the cytoplasmic domain of RodZ causes structural changes in the disordered periplasmic domain of RodZ. We also found that the disordered domain of RodZ contributes to fine‐tune rod shape in E. coli.
Furazolidone treatment for Helicobacter Pylori infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhuge Liya , Wang Youhua , Wu Shuang , Zhao Ru‐Lin , Li Zhen , Xie Yong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a major cause of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment failures. Because the resistance rate of H. pylori to furazolidone is low, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of furazolidone. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases and included randomized controlled trials (RCT) that either compared furazolidone to other antibiotics or changed the administered dose of furazolidone. A total of 18 articles were included in the meta‐analysis. According to the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis, the total eradication rates of furazolidone‐containing therapy were superior to those of other antibiotic‐containing therapies (relative risk [RR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01‐1.14) (13 RCTs). Specifically, the eradication rates of furazolidone‐containing therapy were better than those for metronidazole‐containing therapy (RR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.21 for ITT). The eradication rate of furazolidone‐containing bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy was 92.9% (95% CI: 90.7%‐95.1%) (PP). In addition, a higher daily dose of furazolidone increased the eradication rate (RR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.31). And the incidence of some adverse effects, such as fever and anorexia, was higher in the furazolidone group than in the control group, the overall incidences of total side effects and severe side effects showed no significant differences between the groups. Furazolidone‐containing treatments could achieve satisfactory eradication rates and did not increase the incidence of total or severe adverse effects, but the incidence of milder side effects, such as fever and anorexia, should be considered when prescribing furazolidone‐containing treatments to patients.
Personal strengths reported by people with chronic illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Kristjansdottir Olöf Birna , Stenberg Una , Mirkovic Jelena , Krogseth Tonje , Ljoså Tone Marte , Stange Kurt C. , Ruland Cornelia M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐management of chronic illness can be highly demanding and people need to mobilize their personal strengths to live well with their condition. More knowledge is needed about how people with chronic illness perceive and use their personal strengths as a basis for better integrating empowering person‐centred approaches into health care.ObjectiveTo explore what people with chronic illness describe as their strengths relevant to their health and well‐being.Setting and ParticipantsThirty‐nine participants (11 men) from 4 outpatient self‐management programmes were recruited to individual or group interviews. Participants included patients with chronic respiratory disease (n = 7), chronic pain (n = 18) and morbid obesity (n = 14). Interviews were analysed using content analysis.ResultsA number of personal strengths were reported and categorized into 3 domains: (i) Internal strengths, (ii) External strengths and (iii) Self‐management strategies. Internal strengths included being persistent, having a positive outlook, being kind and caring, experiencing positive emotions, being kind towards oneself, reconciling oneself with the situation, having courage and having knowledge and insight. External strengths included support from family, friends, peers and health‐care providers. Self‐management strategies included being active, planning and prioritizing, reducing stress, goal setting and seeking knowledge and help.Discussion and ConclusionThe study provides insights into personal strengths as reported by people with chronic illness. The results complement prior findings on strengths in people with health challenges and can aid in incorporating person‐centred approaches into health care.
Effectiveness and clinical implications of the use of topical antibiotics in regenerative endodontic procedures: a review
Authors: Montero‐Miralles P. , Martín‐González J. , Alonso‐Ezpeleta O. , Jiménez‐Sánchez M. C. , Velasco‐Ortega E. , Segura‐Egea J. J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRegenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are biologically based procedures planned to replace damaged tissues, including dentinee and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp–dentine complex. Effective sterilization of the root canal is essential in REPs, and antibiotics have been widely used to disinfect root canals. The aim of this paper was to review the scientific literature on (i) Effectiveness of antibiotics used in REPs against bacteria implicated in endodontic disease; (ii) Scientific evidence supporting the use of topical antibiotics in REPs; (iii) Clinical implications of the use of antibiotics in REPs and the possible side effects; (iv) Effect of antibiotics on dental pulp stem cells; and (v) Ongoing research on the use of antibiotics in REPs. Antibiotics used in REPs are effective against bacteria implicated in endodontic infections. Triple antibiotic pastes with minocycline attain complete disinfection of immature teeth with necrotic pulps, without affecting SCAP. Experimental studies carried out in dogs support the use of antibiotics in REPs. Clinical studies report high success rates of RET using antibiotics as intracanal dressings. However, tooth discolouration is an important side effect of the use of TAP. An antibiotic paste containing only metronidazole and ciprofloxacin could be a good alternative to the use of TAP. The use of antibiotic‐containing scaffolds or clindamycin‐modified triple antibiotic (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin) polymer could be a biologically safe antimicrobial drug delivery system in REPs.
Reparative bone‐like tissue formation in the tooth of a systemic sclerosis patient
Authors: Matsuda S. , Memida T. , Mizuno N. , Ogawa I. , Ouhara K. , Kajiya M. , Fujita T. , Sugiyama E. , Kurihara H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo report a case of reparative bone‐like tissue formation in the tooth of a patient with systemic sclerosis.SummaryA 58‐year‐old Japanese female patient with systemic sclerosis was referred because of tooth fracture. Cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) revealed multiple root resorption and the unclear transition from alveolar bone to root profile. A sample from a fractured tooth was analysed histologically. Haematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections revealed the irregular replacement of pulp and dentine by bone‐like tissue. Calcinosis was noted in various parts of the body and a histological analysis identified it as dystrophic calcification on sclerosed fibrous connective tissue. Bite force and the occlusal area were markedly weaker than the means for female of the same age.Key learning points

CBCT may be more useful than dental radiography for diagnosing multiple root resorption in systemic sclerosis patients.

When systemic sclerosis patients have calcinosis, their root status must be examined carefully.

When root resorption is present in systemic sclerosis patients, reparative bone‐like tissue formation in teeth needs to be taken into account prior to the initiation of dental treatment.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of new reciprocating glide path files in 45‐ and 60‐degree curved canals
Authors: Topçuoğlu H. S. , Topçuoğlu G. , Kafdağ Ö. , Arslan H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of R‐PILOT and WaveOne Gold Glider files in curved artificial canals.MethodologyA total of 60 new R‐PILOT and WaveOne Gold Glider files were tested in artificial canals with 45° and 60° angles of curvature. Fifteen new files of each brand were tested in both canals. Cyclic fatigue resistance was determined by recording the time to file fracture in the artificial canals. The length of each fractured fragment was also recorded. An independent sample t‐test was used to analyse the data.ResultsIn the canal with a 45° angle of curvature, no significant differences were observed between the R‐PILOT and WaveOne Gold Glider files (P > 0.05). In the canal with a 60° angle of curvature, WaveOne Gold Glider files had greater cyclic fatigue resistance than R‐PILOT files (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the files in terms of the lengths of fractured fragments in canals with 45° and 60° angles of curvature (P > 0.05).ConclusionsWaveOne Gold Glider files exhibited greater cyclic fatigue resistance than R‐PILOT files in artificial canals with a 60° angle of curvature.