bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plantas medicinais no tratamento das enfermidades femininas, na obra “Desenganos para a medicina” de Gabriel Grisley (1656)
Authors: Almeida Argus Vasconcelos de 
Published: April 2018

É objetivo do presente trabalho apresentar as plantas medicinais usadas no tratamento das enfermidades femininas na obra do médico alemão Gabriel Grisley, com os tratamentos e indicações do autor, bem como suas identificações botânicas. Muitas dessas plantas, vindas da Europa, tem amplo uso atual na fitoterapia popular brasileira. Apresentamos também um histórico sobre as concepções médicas centradas nas alterações do útero, chamado na época de “matriz” ou “madre”, que segundo os autores médicos
da época, seria o órgão responsável pela maior parte dos problemas reprodutivos e da sexualidade das mulheres, abordados com profundo caráter misógino, desde a antiguidade até o século XVII, bem como é apresentada uma análise sobre o protagonismo da mulheres como fundadoras das atividades agrícolas e no seu conhecimento sobre as plantas na pré-história.
Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeros del Hospital Universitario San José- Popayán, 2015.
Authors: Muñoz Bravo Sandra Felisa , Ordonez Villota Jessica Nayive , Solarte Moncayo Martha Natalia , Valverde Cerón Yesica Carolina , Villarreal Castro Stephany , Zemanate Pérez Martha Liliana 
Published: April 2018

El síndrome de Burnout constituye una respuesta al estrés laboral crónico, donde se distinguen tres dimensiones: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal. Los profesionales que tienen interacción directa y constante con otras personas, son los de mayor riesgo; los enfermeros, se consideran uno de los grupos más vulnerables para desarrollar el síndrome. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el Síndrome de Burnout e identificar las variables estadísticamente significativas relacionadas con el desarrollo del síndrome en enfermeros(as) del área clínica y administrativa del Hospital Universitario San José, Popayán. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo Descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo, correlacional, de corte transversal, con participación voluntaria de 120 enfermeros(as), se aplicó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales y el Inventario de Maslach Burnout Inventory validado al español. Los datos se procesaron en el programa SPSS versión 23. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon medidas de tendencia central y para estimar la correlación entre las variables y las tres subescalas del síndrome. Resultados: La muestra estuvo constituida por 80,8% mujeres, 76,7% tenían vinculación a término indefinido, el 79,2% laboraban en el área asistencial, con una experiencia laboral mayor a 10 años del 52,5%. El 15,8% presentaron nivel alto en la subescala de Agotamiento Emocional, el 10,8% alta Despersonalización y el 9,2% nivel bajo en Realización Personal; la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout fue del 1,7%. Conclusión: La presencia del síndrome de Burnout, en enfermeros que laboran en el Hospital Universitario San José, Popayán fue baja, el 65,8% presentaron alto nivel en realización personal.
The Potential of Tax Surprises to Affect Measures of Tax Avoidance and Researchers' Inferences
Authors: Austin Chelsea Rae 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
While not explicitly stated, many tax avoidance studies seek to investigate tax avoidance that is the result of firms' deliberate actions. However, measures of firms' tax avoidance can also be affected by factors outside the firms' control—tax surprises. This study examines potential complications caused by tax surprises when measuring tax avoidance by focusing on one specific type of surprise tax savings—the unanticipated tax benefit from employees' exercise of stock options. Because the cash effective tax rate (ETR) includes the benefits of this tax surprise, the cash ETR mismeasures firms' deliberate tax avoidance. The analyses conducted show this mismeasurement is material and can lead to both Type I and Type II errors in studies of deliberate tax avoidance. Suggestions to aid researchers in mitigating these concerns are also provided.
The Determinants and Consequences of Tax Audits: Some Evidence from China
Authors: Li Wanfu , Pittman Jeffrey A. , Wang Zi-Tian 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Using data obtained from a local tax office in China, we examine the determinants of corporate tax audits and the consequences of those audits. We find that the tax authority is more likely to select a firm for an audit when the firm has a lower effective tax rate, a higher book-tax difference, and more income-decreasing discretionary accruals. Applying a difference-in-differences research design, we find that after firms have been audited, they significantly increase their effective tax rates, reduce their book-tax differences, and reduce their income-decreasing discretionary accruals. Our study provides important insights on the determinants of the tax authority's decision on whether to initiate an audit and the impact of tax audits on both tax reporting and financial reporting.
JEL Classifications: H26; L51; M41.
Using Indirect Measures to Identify Geographic Hot Spots of Poor Glycemic Control: Cross-sectional Comparisons With an A1C Registry
Authors: Lee David C. , Jiang Qun , Tabaei Bahman P. , Elbel Brian , Koziatek Christian A. , Konty Kevin J. , Wu Winfred Y. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE
Focusing health interventions in places with suboptimal glycemic control can help direct resources to neighborhoods with poor diabetes-related outcomes, but finding these areas can be difficult. Our objective was to use indirect measures versus a gold standard, population-based A1C registry to identify areas of poor glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Census tracts in New York City (NYC) were characterized by race, ethnicity, income, poverty, education, diabetes-related emergency visits, inpatient hospitalizations, and proportion of adults with diabetes having poor glycemic control, based on A1C &gt;9.0% (75 mmol/mol). Hot spot analyses were then performed, using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic for all measures. We then calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of using the indirect measures to identify hot spots of poor glycemic control found using the NYC A1C Registry data.

RESULTS
Using A1C Registry data, we identified hot spots in 42.8% of 2,085 NYC census tracts analyzed. Hot spots of diabetes-specific inpatient hospitalizations, diabetes-specific emergency visits, and age-adjusted diabetes prevalence estimated from emergency department data, respectively, had 88.9%, 89.6%, and 89.5% accuracy for identifying the same hot spots of poor glycemic control found using A1C Registry data. No other indirect measure tested had accuracy &gt;80% except for the proportion of minority residents, which had 86.2% accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with demographic and socioeconomic factors, health care utilization measures more accurately identified hot spots of poor glycemic control. In places without a population-based A1C registry, mapping diabetes-specific health care utilization may provide actionable evidence for targeting health interventions in areas with the highest burden of uncontrolled diabetes.
Impacto da Política Nacional de Humanização na Estratégia Saúde da Família e na Rede de Saúde
Authors: Reis-Borges Grasiela Cristina , Nascimento Edinalva Neves , Borges Daniel Martins 
Published: April 2018

O modelo assistencial contemporâneo tem como foco principal o paciente em toda sua complexidade. A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) faz parte da Rede de Saúde e preza pela visão holística no trabalho coletivo e, assim, a Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH) torna-se uma ferramenta de estruturação do trabalho na Saúde Pública. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as principais mudanças que a PNH influenciou na ESF e na Rede de Saúde, a fim de identificar as contribuições prestadas. Foi realizada Revisão Bibliográfica de Literatura, por meio da análise de artigos da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e documentos oficiais do Portal do Ministério da Saúde. Para a busca na BVS foram utilizados os descritores “Estratégia de Saúde da Família”, “Política Nacional de Humanização” e “Atenção Básica”. Foram selecionados 10 artigos pertinentes ao tema do estudo. Os resultados mostraram que sendo a PNH uma nova forma de se pensar em saúde, oferece ferramentas capazes de auxiliar nas ações e na tomada de decisão nos serviços de saúde. Concluiu-se que a ESF e a Rede de Saúde passam por uma continua transformação e que a PNH contribuiu com ferramentas de trabalho, qualificando a atenção prestada ao usuário, bem como proporcionando reflexão ética, política e compartilhada entre gestores, trabalhadores e usuários.
Comparison of desflurane and propofol at equipotent doses in combination with a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine on global and peripheral perfusion and oxygenation in horses
Authors: Neudeck Stephan , Kästner Sabine B. R. , Wittenberg-Voges Liza , Rohn Karl , Hopster Klaus 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine global and peripheral perfusion and oxygenation during anesthesia with equipotent doses of desflurane and propofol combined with a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine in horses.
ANIMALS 6 warmblood horses.
PROCEDURES Horses were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (3.5 μg•kg−1, IV). Anesthesia was induced with propofol or ketamine and maintained with desflurane or propofol (complete crossover design) combined with a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine (7 μg•kg−1 •h−1). Microperfusion and oxygenation of the rectal, oral, and esophageal mucosa were measured before and after sedation and during anesthesia at the minimal alveolar concentration and minimal infusion rate. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, cardiac output, and blood gas pressures were recorded during anesthesia.
RESULTS Mean ± SD minimal alveolar concentration and minimal infusion rate were 2.6 ± 0.9% and 0.04 ± 0.01 mg•kg−1 •min−1, respectively. Peripheral microperfusion and oxygenation decreased significantly after dexmedetomidine administration for both treatments. Oxygenation returned to baseline values, whereas tissue microperfusion remained low during anesthesia. There were no differences in peripheral tissue microperfusion and oxygenation between treatments. Cardiac index was significantly higher and systemic vascular resistance was significantly lower for desflurane treatment than for propofol treatment. For the propofol treatment, Pao2 was significantly higher and there was less dead space and venous admixture than for the desflurane treatment.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dexmedetomidine decreased blood flow and oxygen saturation in peripheral tissues. Peripheral tissues were well oxygenated during anesthesia with desflurane and propofol combined with dexmedetomidine, whereas blood flow was reduced.
Hyaluronic acid synthase-2 gene transfer into the joints of Beagles by use of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors
Authors: Kyostio-Moore Sirkka , Berthelette Patricia , Cornell Cathleen Sookdeo , Nambiar Bindu , Figueiredo Monica Dias 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate gene transfer of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors with AAV2 or AAV5 capsid and encoding hyaluronic acid (HA) synthase-2 (HAS2) into joints of healthy dogs.
ANIMALS 22 purpose-bred Beagles.
PROCEDURES Plasmid expression cassettes encoding canine HAS2 (cHAS2) were assessed in vitro for concentration and molecular size of secreted HA. Thereafter, rAAV2-cHAS2 vectors at 3 concentrations and rAAV5-cHAS2 vectors at 1 concentration were each administered intra-articularly into the left stifle joint of 5 dogs; 2 dogs received PBS solution instead. Synovial fluid HA concentration and serum and synovial fluid titers of neutralizing antibodies against AAV capsids were measured at various points. Dogs were euthanized 28 days after treatment, and cartilage and synovium samples were collected for vector DNA and mRNA quantification and histologic examination.
RESULTS Cell transfection with plasmids encoding cHAS2 resulted in an increase in production and secretion of HA in vitro. In vivo, the rAAV5-cHAS2 vector yielded uniform genome transfer and cHAS2 expression in collected synovium and cartilage samples. In contrast, rAAV2-cHAS2 vectors were detected inconsistently in synovium and cartilage samples and failed to produce clear dose-related responses. Histologic examination revealed minimal synovial inflammation in joints injected with rAAV vectors. Neutralizing antibodies against AAV capsids were detected in serum and synovial fluid samples from all vector-treated dogs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE rAAV5-mediated transfer of the gene for cHAS2 into healthy joints of dogs by intra-articular injection appeared safe and resulted in vector-derived cHAS2 production by synoviocytes and chondrocytes. Whether this treatment may increase HA production by synoviocytes and chondrocytes in osteoarthritic joints remains to be determined.
Influence of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia on flow velocities in the portal vein and caudal vena cava measured by use of pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography in dogs
Authors: Smith Rachel Policelli , Koenigshof Amy M. , Smith Daniel J. , Strom Phillip R. , Nelson Nathan C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare blood flow velocities of the portal vein (PV) and caudal vena cava (CVC) measured by use of pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography in clinically normal dogs and dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA).
ANIMALS 11 client-owned dogs admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital for management of primary IMHA and 21 staff- or student-owned clinically normal dogs.
PROCEDURES Flow velocities in the PV and CVC at the porta hepatis were evaluated in conscious unsedated dogs with concurrent ECG monitoring; evaluations were performed before dogs with IMHA received heparin or blood transfusions. Three measurements of peak velocity at end expiration were obtained for each vessel, and the mean was calculated. Results were compared between IMHA and control groups.
RESULTS Mean ± SD blood flow velocity in the CVC differed between control (63.0 ± 18.6 cm/s) and IMHA (104 ± 36.9 cm/s) groups. Variance in dogs with IMHA was significantly greater than that for the clinically normal dogs. No significant difference in blood flow velocity in the PV was detected between IMHA and control dogs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Higher blood flow velocities were detected by use of pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography in the CVC of dogs with naturally occurring IMHA and may be used to predict anemia in patients suspected of having IMHA.
Thromboelastographic evaluation of dogs bitten by rattlesnakes native to southern California
Authors: Lieblick Beth A. , Bergman Philip J. , Peterson Nathan W. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate that dogs become hypocoagulable following rattlesnake envenomation and to determine whether thromboelastographic abnormalities are correlated with envenomation severity for dogs bitten by rattlesnakes native to southern California.
ANIMALS 14 dogs with observed or suspected rattlesnake envenomation (envenomated dogs) and 10 healthy control dogs.
PROCEDURES For each dog, a citrate-anticoagulated blood sample underwent kaolin-activated thromboelastography. For each envenomated dog, a snakebite severity score was assigned on the basis of clinical findings, and prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and platelet count were determined when the attending clinician deemed it necessary and owner finances allowed.
RESULTS For 12 of 14 envenomated dogs, the thromboelastographically determined clot strength was below the 25th percentile for the clot strength of control dogs, which was indicative of a hypocoagulable state. No envenomated dog had thromboelastographic results indicative of a hypercoagulable state. One envenomated dog had a prolonged prothrombin time, but the activated partial thromboplastin time and all thromboelastographic variables were within the respective reference ranges for that dog. Seven of 13 envenomated dogs were thrombocytopenic (platelet count, ≤ 170,000 platelets/μL). Snakebite severity score was negatively correlated with platelet count but was not correlated with any thromboelastographic variable.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dogs generally become hypocoagulable following rattlesnake envenomation. Thromboelastography might provide an objective measure of the coagulation status of envenomated dogs and aid in the identification of dogs that are in a hypocoagulable state and in need of antivenin treatment prior to the onset of progressive clinical signs.
PENGARUH JENIS SINGKONG DAN RAGI TERHADAP KADAR ETANOL TAPE SINGKONG
Authors: Dirayati Dirayati , Gani Abdul , Erlidawati Erlidawati 
Published: April 2018

Abstrak. Tape merupakan hasil dari proses fermentasi bahan makanan dengan bantuan suatu mikroorganisme yang disebut ragi atau khamir. Pada umumnya, tape hasil fermentasi mengandung senyawa etanol. Namun, kadar etanol yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh jenis bahan makanan dan ragi yang digunakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis singkong dan ragi terhadap kadar etanol tape singkong. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari sampel tape singkong jenis Mentega dan Malang 2 yang dibuat menggunakan ragi Meulaboh dan Sigli. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi terstruktur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menitrasi larutan sampel yang sudah ditetesi indikator PP (1%) dengan larutan NaOH (0,1 M). Proses titrasi dilakukan pada sampel mulai hari ke-1 setelah peragian sampai hari ke-5. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan analisis varian (ANOVA) menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh beberapa temuan, yaitu: (1) jenis singkong berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar etanol tape; (2) jenis ragi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar etanol tape; (3) interaksi antara jenis singkong dengan jenis ragi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar etanol tape. Hasil analisis dengan ANOVA tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan, sehingga tidak dilakukan uji lanjut.Kata kunci: singkong, ragi, kadar etanol tape Abstract. Tapai is a product of fermentation of cassava with the aid of a microorganism called yeast or khamir. In general, tapai that produced from fermentation process contains an ethanol compounds. This study was conducted to determine the effect of varieties of yeast and cassava on ethanol level of tapai. This research use a quantitative approach. The sample of this research were Butter cassava and Malang 2 cassava which were fermented with using yeast from Meulaboh and Sigli. The data collected using structured observation technique. Research carried out by titrating NaOH (0.1 M) solution to the sample which have been added a PP indicators (1%). The titration on the samples started from the first day after fermentation untill fifth day (5th day). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a completely randomized design (CRD). Based on the analysis of data obtained several findings, namely: (1) the type of cassava gave no real effect on tapai's ethanol levels; (2) different types of yeast cast no real effect on tapai's ethanol levels ; (3) there are no real effect on ethanol level of tapai produced by the interaction between different yeast and cassava. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference between treatments, so it is not carried out.Keywords: cassava, yeast, tapai's ethanol levels
PENGEMBANGAN LKS PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETRAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI FLUIDA STATIS DI SMA N 1 SAMUDERA ACEH UTARA
Authors: Nizarullah Muhammad , Yusrizal Yusrizal , Halim A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peningkatan berpikir kritis siswa dan peningkatan minat belajarnya melalui pengembangan LKS berbasis masalah pada materi fluida statis. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan penelitian research and development (RD). Pengembangan dilakukan dengan mengacu pada model 4-D dengan tahapan definition, design, development, dan dissemination. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode quasi experimental melalui the matching-only pretest-posttest control group design. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu kelas X-MIPA1 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diajarkan dengan LKS berbasis masalah dan X-MIPA2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pretest, posttest dan N-gain untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa, lembar observasi untuk mengetahui ketrampilan berpikir kritis siswa dan angket untuk mengetahui minat siswa. Hasil uji N-gain kelas eksperimen mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 0,7 (70%) berada dalam kategori “tinggi”, sedangkan kelas kontrol mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 0,42 (42%) berada dalam kategori “sedang”. Hasil uji homogenitas dan normalitas menunjukkan data berdistribusi homogen dan normal, maka dilakukan uji-t (two independent sample t-test) pada taraf signifikan 0,05 dengan dengan derajat kebebasan 53, diperoleh Thitung Ttabel, jadi dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan ketrampilan berpikir kritis antara kelompok. Hal ini menunjukkan peningkatan ketrampilan berpikir kritis kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol. Hasil analisis angket minat siswa menunjukkan bahwa LKS berbasis masalah yang dikembangkan dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.Kata Kunci: LKS berbasis Masalah, Berpikir kritis, Minat belajar.
PERBANDINGAN DAYA SERAP SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU DAMAR LAUT (SHOREA SP) DAN MERBAU (INTSIA SP) TERHADAP LOGAM Pb(II)
Authors: Khaldun Ibnu , Aristia Aristia , Sarah Faucut 
Published: April 2018

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi kemampuan daya serap serbuk gergaji kayu damar laut (Shorea sp) dan merbau (Intsia sp) terhadap logam Pb(II) dari larutan, dan mempelajari pengaruh kondisi percobaan seperti pH larutan, waktu kontak, jumlah adsorben dan konsentrasi adsorbat. Efisiensi adsorpsi maksimum berturut-turut sebanyak 95,72% pada pH 4 dan 98,78% pada pH 5 oleh damar laut (Shorea sp) dan kayu merbau (Intsia sp). Adsorpsi timbal oleh kedua adsorben meningkat dengan bertambahnya waktu dan pH (dari 1 hingga 5) dan menurun dengan menurunnya kekuatan ion. Data kesetimbangan dikorelasikan dengan isotherm Langmuir dan Freundlich. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum berdasarkan isotherm Langmuir untuk serbuk kayu damar laut dan kayu merbau berturut-turut sebesar 45,45 mg/g dan 14,706 mg/g dan berdasarkan isotherm Freundlich sebesar untuk serbuk kayu damar laut dan kayu merbau berturut-turut sebesar 1,2475 mg/g dan 1,616 mg/g. Dari hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa model Langmuir adalah yang terbaik.Kata kunci: Adsorpsi, damar laut, merbau, isotherm, serbuk gergaji. Abstract. The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of damar laut (Shorea sp) and merbau (Intsia sp) sawdust for the adsorption of lead(II) from aqueous solutions, and to study the influence of the operating conditions such as solution pH, contact time, amount of adsorbent, and concentration of adsorbate. The maximum adsorpsi efﬁciencies were 95.72% for damar laut (Shorea sp) at pH 4 and 98.78% for kayu merbau (Intsia sp) at pH 5. The adsorption of lead by both sorbents increased with an increase in contact time and pH (from 1 to 5) and decreased with an increase in ionic strength. The equilibrium data has been correlated with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of the sawdust evaluated by Langmuir adsorption model by damar laut (Shorea sp) and merbau (Intsia sp) sawdust was 45.45 mg/g and 14.706 mg/g respectively and by Freundlich adsorption model by damar laut (Shorea sp) and merbau (Intsia sp) sawdust was 1.2473 mg/g and 1.616 mg/g respectively. The results indicate that the Langmuir model fits the data better.Keywords: adsorption, Shorea sp, Intsia sp, Isotherms, Sawdust.