bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns, circumstances and risk factors associated with non-fatal substance overdose in a cohort of homeless population: an observational study
Authors: Anderson Jennifer , Kurmi Om , Lowrie Richard , Araf Adnan , Paudyal Vibhu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-fatal overdoses frequently precede fatal overdoses, thus identifying risk factors for non-fatal overdoses could help develop strategies to prevent substance related deaths.

Aim
This study aimed to identify patterns, circumstances and risk factors leading to non-fatal substance overdose in people experiencing homelessness.

Method
All recorded cases of non-fatal substance overdose from a population of people experiencing homelessness registered at a specialist homelessness primary care centre in England were identified using electronic medical records. Overdose details and patient characteristics were extracted. The heterogeneity between variables in people with and without a recorded non-fatal overdose were tested and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the risk factors of non-fatal overdoses.

Results
From the 1221 registered patients, 194(16%) were identified as having had a non-fatal overdose with 428 overdoses between them. Half were polypharmacy events with the main substances of overdose being: heroin, paracetamol, benzodiazepines, cocaine, antipsychotics, SSRIs and synthetic cannabinoids. Risk of non-fatal overdose was greater in females, white ethnicity, ages 36–45, and in those with a recorded use of tobacco, alcohol or illicit substance use. Chronic physical and mental health conditions increased the risk of non-fatal overdose including respiratory conditions, blood borne viruses, migraines, anxiety and depression.

Conclusion
With a high number of non-fatal overdoses within this population, identifying individuals at risk based on the factors identified in this research could enable primary care providers to apply prevention actions such as overdose awareness and naloxone provision to avoid drug harm and deaths. Future work should explore the role of chronic physical conditions and their treatment on non-fatal overdose risks.
Remaking the Multinational Corporation: Geographically Dispersed Unbundling and Intangible Assets
Authors: Mohr Alexander , Hashai Niron , Puck Jonas , Konara Palitha , Reinprecht Hubertus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, we have observed the emergence of multinational corporations (MNCs) that are increasingly characterized by their high levels of unbundling and geographic dispersion of their activities and by their greater reliance on intangible (vs. tangible) assets. We develop a novel typology of MNCs on the basis of these two characteristics and explore how different types of MNCs have been exposed and are likely to respond to the slowdown in the global economic integration since the 2008 global financial crisis. We argue that the degree to which MNCs have unbundled and geographically dispersed their activities and their reliance on intangible (vs. tangible) assets will affect the risks associated with cross-border transfers of goods and services and with holding overseas assets. We advance the international business (IB) literature and contribute to the global strategy literature by using our novel typology to examine MNCs’ exposure and their likely response to deglobalization pressures.
Automatic preload adaptation for rack-and-pinion drives to maximize performance and energy efficiency
Authors: Steinle Lukas , Leipe Valentin , Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrically preloaded rack-and-pinion drives are typically utilized in machine tools to precisely move heavy loads over long travel distances. In the state of the art, the preload torque is commonly set to a constant value during commissioning. This poses a conflict of objectives between maximizing performance and minimizing energy consumption. To resolve this, this publication presents a novel approach to automatically adapt the preload torque during operation. For this purpose, the established preload control is extended by a simple control law that adapts the preload torque to the current operating state within the permissible limits. This way, higher preload torques are only applied, if the resulting higher system stiffness is beneficial for the drive performance. Otherwise, the preload torque is reduced to save energy. The automatic preload adaptation is experimentally validated on a test system with industry standard components. This involves both system-theoretical analyses and practical test scenarios.
Water distribution pipelines inside the monastery of El Escorial during the sixteenth century
Authors: Gumiel-Campos Pablo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the study of the internal hydraulic infrastructure of the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo del Escorial. The vast network of pipes that supplied water to the numerous fountains, tanks, and other devices in the building. The methodology was based on two fundamental pillars: an analysis of the historical sources related to water and a cataloguing of the preserved architectonical remains of the infrastructure. A new sketch of the water supply network of the building has been drawn using ArcGIS Pro software. In doing so, this article provides a more accurate and detailed knowledge of the building's plumbing system.
Developing a Performance-Based Assessment to Measure Pre-Service Secondary Teachers’ Digital Competence to Use Digital Mathematics Tools
Authors: Seifert Hannes , Lindmeier Anke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Digital competence is an increasingly important component of teacher competence. So far, self-reports are a commonly used, efficient, but potentially problematic assessment method. Standardized and valid assessments to measure digital competence for teachers—particularly of a concrete subject—and proximally to performance are lacking. To address this, we developed a performance-based assessment for pre-service mathematics teachers based on the TPACK and DigCompEdu frameworks, both widely used in teacher education. The test focuses on digital competence related to mathematics tools such as computer algebra systems, dynamic geometry, and spreadsheet software, where technical-mathematical and pedagogical competences are required. This report presents the assessment design and provides validity evidence regarding the internal structure of the test, its sensitivity to intervention, and the relation of the scores to external variables, like affective-motivational aspects or prior experiences with tools based on a study with N = 118 pre-service teachers. First, we confirmed a two-dimensional structure of technical-mathematical and pedagogical aspects of digital competence through a confirmatory factor analysis. Second, expectations regarding the relation to external variables were partially confirmed. Third, we identified the sensitivity of the assessment to an intervention. Especially as expected, the relations between scores and self-assessment results were mixed. Our results indicate that the assessment is suitable for measuring pre-service mathematics teachers’ digital competence in two aspects close to performance. We discuss possible uses to evaluate learning opportunities in teacher education.
Magnetic properties of iron ores from two Ordovician deposits in Northern Portugal: Marão and Moncorvo
Authors: Dias Joana M. , Vianez Ricardo , Cruz Cláudia , Font Eric , Sant’Ovaia Helena , Ferreira Joana , Guedes Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Vila Cova do Marão Mining Field (VCMF) and the Moncorvo Iron Complex (MIC) in northern Portugal are important geo-resources of iron. Here we provide a detailed characterisation of their mineralogy through petrographic observations and magnetic properties. Petrographic observations show the VCMF ore primarily consists of quartz, magnetite, and chlorite, while the MIC ore of hematite and quartz, with rare magnetite occurrences. The magnetic susceptibility (χ) of the VCMF host rock is ~ 2470 × 10⁻8 m3/kg, while the VCMF ore deposits have χ of ~ 20,500 × 10⁻8 m3/kg. MIC ores show lower χ values of 520–700 × 10⁻8 m3/kg. Isothermal Remanent Magnetisation (IRM) component unmixing of the VCMF host rock indicates that the magnetic population is represented by a single component with B1/2 of 45–55 mT and DP values 0.30–0.35 mT, respectively, typical of magnetite. The VCMF ore is characterised by a single component with B1/2 of 32–44 mT and DP of 0.30–0.35, typical of magnetite. The MIC ore shows two components: component 1 with B1/2 of 50 mT and DP values of 0.31–0.37 mT, typical of magnetite, and component 2 with B1/2 of 500 mT and DP of 0.19–0.26, typical of hematite. IRM at saturation (SIRM) of component 1 is 116–248 A/m for the host rock, 1100–2400 A/m for the VCMF samples, and 209–335 A/m for the MIC samples, providing an approximation of magnetite concentration. The Cisowski test shows the presence of strongly interacting single-domain particles (0.16 < R < 0.24) in all samples. Our data provides useful information for future iron ore resource exploration in the area.
Quantum neural networks under depolarization noise: exploring white-box attacks and defenses
Authors: Winderl David , Franco Nicola , Lorenz Jeanette Miriam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLeveraging the unique properties of quantum mechanics, quantum machine learning (QML) promises computational breakthroughs and enriched perspectives where traditional systems reach their boundaries. However, similarly to classical machine learning, QML is not immune to adversarial attacks. Quantum adversarial machine learning has become instrumental in highlighting the weak points of QML models when faced with adversarial crafted feature vectors. Diving deep into this domain, our exploration shines a light on the interplay between depolarization noise and adversarial robustness. While previous results enhanced robustness from adversarial threats through depolarization noise, our findings paint a different picture. Interestingly, adding depolarization noise discontinued the effect of providing further robustness for a multi-class classification scenario. Consolidating our findings, we conducted experiments with a multi-class classifier adversarially trained on gate-based quantum simulators, further elucidating this unexpected behavior.
Stabilization of nonlinear safety-critical systems by relaxed converse Lyapunov-barrier approach and its applications in robotic systems
Authors: Li Haoqi , Hu Jiangping , Hu Xiaoming , Ghosh Bijoy K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCombining safety objectives with stability objectives is crucial for safety-critical systems. Existing studies generally unified these two objectives by constructing Lyapunov-type barrier functions. However, insufficient analysis of key set relationships within the system may render the proposed safety and stability conditions conservative, and these studies also did not provide how to use such conditions to design safety-stability control strategies. This paper proposed a feasible and constructive design to achieve stabilization of safety-critical systems by a relaxed converse Lyapunov-barrier approach. By analyzing the relationships between a series of sets associated with the safety-critical system, the stability and safety conditions can be appropriately relaxed. Then, with the help of relaxed converse control Lyapunov-barrier functions (RCCLBFs), a theoretical result was obtained for the stability of affine nonlinear systems with safety constraints. Subsequently, a constructive method was developed for a second-order strict-feedback system to transform the process of solving RCCLBFs into a Lyapunov-like stabilization problem. Finally, the proposed safety-stability control method is exerted on a robotic system and demonstrated by simulations.
The interplay of online attributes and learning modes in shaping satisfaction and effectiveness in online learning
Authors: Mathew Paul V. , Pappachan Joemon , Kushwaha Satyendra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to identify key factors influencing the performance and satisfaction of students in online courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey of 545 Indian university students was conducted, and structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. The results highlight four critical factors high-quality instruction, well-designed courses, timely feedback, and high expectations that positively impact student satisfaction, which, in turn, enhances performance. These findings underscore the importance of these elements in managing online education effectively. The study offers valuable insights for optimizing online learning environments to boost student satisfaction and overall effectiveness.
Automated ablation stakes to constrain temperature-index melt models
Authors: Wickert Andrew David , Barnhart Katherine Ruth , Armstrong William Henry , Romero Matías , Schulz Bobby , Ng Gene-Hua Crystal , Sandell Chad Timothy , La Frenierre Jeff , Penprase Shanti Bhattacharya , Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , MacGregor Kelly Revenaugh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe developed automated ablation stakes to measure colocated in situ changes in relative glacier-surface elevation and climatological drivers of ablation. The designs, refined over 10 years of development and deployments, implement open-source hardware and common building materials. The ablation stakes record distance to the snow/ice surface, air temperature and relative humidity every 1–15 min. Using these high-frequency data, we demonstrate that melt factors calculated using standard melt-rate vs temperature regressions converge over averaging windows of approximately 12 h or greater. Furthermore, we evaluate an integral approach to estimating temperature-index melt factors for ablation. In a test case on Glaciar Perito Moreno, Argentina, this integral approach reveals an overall positive-degree-day melt factor of 7.5 mm w.e. $^\circ$C−1 d−1. We describe four deployments with iteratively improved designs and provide a list of materials required to construct an automated ablation stake.
On marketization and public spending growth
Authors: Pifarré i Arolas Héctor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
I contribute to the literature on the growth of public spending in Western economies with a novel mechanism that ties it to the marketization process, i.e. the substitution of home with market production. I argue that a key contributor to the expansion of social spending is the replacement of family-based transfers with public pensions and other public transfer programs. I provide empirical support for this hypothesis by establishing the long-run relationship between government size and marketization, alongside other established determinants of government spending, in a panel of Western economies. I then illustrate a potential mechanism behind the results with a theoretical model in which, as a result of the productivity advantage of the market over the home sector, family-based intergenerational transfers decline unexpectedly, providing a rationale for government intervention in the form of public pensions with a poverty relief component.
Periodic data rigidity of Anosov automorphisms with Jordan blocks
Authors: DEWITT JONATHAN 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anosov automorphisms with Jordan blocks are not periodic data rigid. We introduce a refinement of the periodic data and show that this refined periodic data characterizes

$C^{1+}$

conjugacy for Anosov automorphisms on

$\mathbb {T}^4$

with a Jordan block.
News Sharing on Social Media: Mapping the Ideology of News Media, Politicians, and the Mass Public
Authors: Eady Gregory , Bonneau Richard , Tucker Joshua A. , Nagler Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the information sharing behavior of U.S. politicians and the mass public by mapping the ideological sharing space of political news on social media. As data, we use the near-universal currency of online information exchange: web links. We introduce a methodological approach and software to unify the measurement of ideology across social media platforms by using sharing data to jointly estimate the ideology of news media organizations, politicians, and the mass public. Empirically, we show that (1) politicians who share ideologically polarized content share, by far, the most political news and commentary and (2) that the less competitive elections are, the more likely politicians are to share polarized information. These results demonstrate that news and commentary shared by politicians come from a highly unrepresentative set of ideologically extreme legislators and that decreases in election pressures (e.g., by gerrymandering) may encourage polarized sharing behavior.
Chronotypical influence on eating behaviour and appetite control
Authors: Beaulieu Kristine , Finlayson Graham , Quist Jonas Salling 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A person’s chronotype reflects individual variability in diurnal rhythms for preferred timing of sleep and daily activities such as exercise and food intake. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the evidence around the influence of chronotype on eating behaviour and appetite control, as well as our perspectives and suggestions for future research. Increasing evidence demonstrates that late chronotype is associated with adverse health outcomes. A late chronotype may exacerbate the influence of greater evening energy intake on overweight/obesity risk and curtail weight management efforts. Furthermore, late chronotypes tend to have worse diet quality, with greater intake of fast foods, caffeine, and alcohol and lower intake of fruits and vegetables. Late chronotype is also associated with eating behaviour traits that increase the susceptibility to overconsumption such as disinhibition, food cravings, and binge eating. Whether an individual’s chronotype influences appetite in response to food intake and exercise is an area of recent interest that has largely been overlooked. Preliminary evidence suggests additive rather than interactive effects of chronotype and meal timing on appetite and food reward, but that hunger may decrease to a greater extent in response to morning exercise in early chronotypes and in response to evening exercise in late chronotypes. More studies examining the interplay between an individual’s chronotype, food intake/exercise timing and sleep are required as this could be of importance to inform personalised dietary and exercise prescriptions to promote better appetite control and weight management outcomes.
Analysis of foodborne outbreaks in Wenzhou City, China, 2012–2022
Authors: Gao Sihai , Chen Qingqing , Chen Lei , Cai Yuanyuan , Lin Dan , Wang Lili , Chen Minhe , Li Yi , Zhang Leyi , Shao Yongqiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Foodborne diseases are ongoing and significant public health concerns. This study analysed data obtained from the Foodborne Outbreaks Surveillance System of Wenzhou to comprehensively summarise the characteristics of foodborne outbreaks from 2012 to 2022. A total of 198 outbreaks were reported, resulting in 2,216 cases, 208 hospitalisations, and eight deaths over 11 years. The findings suggested that foodborne outbreaks were more prevalent in the third quarter, with most cases occurring in households (30.8%). Outbreaks were primarily associated with aquatic products (17.7%) as sources of contamination. The primary transmission pathways were accidental ingestion (20.2%) and multi-pathway transmission (12.1%). Microbiological aetiologies (46.0%), including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella ssp., and Staphylococcus aureus, were identified as the main causes of foodborne outbreaks. Furthermore, mushroom toxins (75.0%), poisonous animals (12.5%), and poisonous plants (12.5%) were responsible for deaths from accidental ingestion. This study identified crucial settings and aetiologies that require the attention of both individuals and governments, thereby enabling the development of effective preventive measures to mitigate foodborne outbreaks, particularly in coastal cities.
An Educational Framework for Healthcare Ethics Consultation to Approach Structural Stigma in Mental Health and Substance Use Health
Authors: Hasan Zahra S. , Buchman Daniel Z. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the need for, and ultimately proposes, an educational framework to develop competencies in attending to ethical issues in mental health and substance use health (MHSUH) in healthcare ethics consultation (HCEC). Given the prevalence and stigma associated with MHSUH, it is crucial for healthcare ethicists to approach such matters skillfully. A literature review was conducted in the areas of bioethics, health professions education, and stigma studies, followed by quality improvement interviews with content experts to gather feedback on the framework’s strengths, limitations, and anticipated utility. The proposed framework describes three key concepts: first, integrating self-reflexive practices into formal, informal, and hidden curricula; second, embedding structural humility into teaching methods and contexts of learning; and third, striking a balance between critical consciousness and compassion in dialogue. The proposed educational framework has the potential to help HCEC learners enhance their understanding and awareness of ethical issues related to structural stigma and MHSUH. Moreover, context-specific learning, particularly in MHSUH, can play a significant role in promoting competency-building among healthcare ethicists, allowing them to address issues of social justice effectively in their practice. Further dialogue is encouraged within the healthcare ethics community to further develop the concepts described in this framework.
Effective Adaptation Options to Alleviate Nuisance Flooding in Coastal Megacities—Learning From Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Scheiber Leon , Sairam Nivedita , Hoballah Jalloul Mazen , Rafiezadeh Shahi Kasra , Jordan Christian , Visscher Jan , Zadeh Tara Evaz , Oostwegel Laurens J. N. , Schorlemmer Danijel , Son Ngo Thanh , Nguyen Quan Hong , Schlurmann Torsten , Garschagen Matthias , Kreibich Heidi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe economies and livelihoods of many coastal megacities are at serious risk from flooding, despite investments in flood defenses. For instance, in Ho Chi Minh City, the construction of a large‐scale ring‐dike has mitigated negative effects from storm surges, yet damage is still frequently caused by high‐intensity rainfalls leading to nuisance flooding, which is responsible for the highest proportion of flood losses in the city today. Because sustainable flood risk management requires detailed spatial information, we analyze the local risk and its components based on a chain of novel models previously calibrated and validated for Ho Chi Minh City. Furthermore, we assess the effectiveness of two decentralized adaptation options, namely private precautionary measures and rainwater retention, for mitigating pluvial flooding. Our integrated risk assessment reveals that the approaches are complementary, which is a major advantage for their implementation. Implementation of both approaches has the potential to reduce the expected annual damage and the number of annually affected households by 16% and 56%, respectively. This is also reflected in a significant reduction of annual losses per household, which we propose as an additional, people‐centered indicator of flood risk. Moreover, these measures are well‐suited to strengthen citizen participation in risk reduction beyond top‐down protection schemes. Complementing the ring‐dike with decentralized adaptation options can therefore be seen as an effective and generic strategy to alleviate the impacts of nuisance flooding in coastal megacities, such as Ho Chi Minh City, and should be incentivized by decision‐makers. Aside from hydrological and metocean site conditions, both the methodology and findings of this study are transferrable to any coastal megacity facing similar challenges.