bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of insect pollinators on Citrullus lanatus thunb
Authors: Sataral M , Rustiawati Y , Giyanto  , Fitrahlisan  , Fahri  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The interaction between insect pollinator and crops is a mutualism association, in which plants provide feed for insects and plants to benefit in the pollination process. So that insect pollinators are the biological agents of fruit production. This study aims to analyze the diversity of pollinating insects, and to know their effectiveness in the watermelon production (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.). Observation of visiting insect community was conducted by scan sampling method. Visiting activity of insect pollinator were observed based on lenght of visit per flower and number of flowers visited per minute. The Result showed that 7 species of insects visitors, were pollinator of Citrullus lanatus flower i.e. Amegilla sp, Ceratina sp, Lasioglossum sp, Nomia sp, Cerceris sp, Ischiodon scutellaris and Polistes stigma. The highest abundance i.e. Lasioglossum sp (98 individuals) and Ceratina sp (81 individuals). The highest diversity of insect pollinators was found in the morning (07.00-10.00). The community similarity based Bray-Curtis similarity index was highest between 10.00 - 12.00 and 14.00 - 16.00 o’clock.
Identification of aquifer layer using method of geo-electric resistivity in Tampabatu Village, Ampana Tete Sub-districts
Authors: Badaruddin  , Th M D , Musa  , Abdullah  
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study was conducted using geo-electric method to identify the groundwater aquifer layer and depth which is below the surface based on the resistivity value. The purpose of this research is to know the aquifer which is identified by 3 point of measurement expanse. The research method used is geo-electric resistivity method and measurement technique used is Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) with Schlumberger configuration. Data processing using Progress Version 3.0 software is performed to obtain the distribution of the earth surface subsurface type resistance. Based on the results obtained aquifer coating on the resistivity value ranged from 30 Ωm-58 Ωm with the value of formation factor 2-3 which is a free aquifer layer and aquifer medium. The aquifer layer is detected at a depth of ± 12.08 m up to ± 100 m below ground level (bgl).
Resistivity model of hallow subsurface to find the path of geothermal manifestation in Bora Village of Sigi Regency of Central Sulawesi
Authors: Abdullah A I , Abdullah  , Musa M D T , Uno I , Jayadi H , Sahabudin  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Bora geothermal is one of the manifestations that appear at the meeting of two fault zones namely Palu-Koro Fault and Palolo Fault. This geothermal is classified as non-volcanic. Existing tectonic activity, presumably leading to the formation of a depressive zone that triggers a rock intrusion process that conducts heat conductively. To find out the sub-surface structure, we apply the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method. The data collection technique we use is 2-D imaging with Wenner configuration, where the number of electrodes is 21 pieces at 6 m intervals. Shallow depths Penetration targeted about 20 m below ground surface (m.bgs. The resistivity values obtained are in the range < 0.15 Ohm.m to > 56.6 Ohm.m which indicates the subsurface layer is strongly influenced by the fluid. However, the interesting thing here is that the hot water pool formed on the surface of about 6 m dimension is passed through the path of ERT measurement around the electrode number 11 and 12, illustrated in the resistivty section to ± 10 m.bgs depth and turning toward the electrode number 4 up to 7 as the lowest anomaly source at depth > 15 m.bgs. This configuration of low resistivity anomaly is what we interpret as a shallow ground pathway with local high temperatures as the source of the emergence of Bora geothermal manifestations.
Characterization of seismic signals at Bledug Kuwu using goodness-of-fit criteria analysis
Authors: Rugayya S , Suryanto W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Bledug Kuwu is an active mud volcano located in Grobogan, Central Java. The research aims to compare quantitatively between reference signals and event signals using the analysis of goodness-of-fit criteria. The characterization of the seismic signal of Bledug Kuwu is quantitatively based on the seismometer data and video recording into the reference signal type and event signal, and then compares it using Goodness-of-fit criteria analysis. The results of a comparative analysis between the seismic signals and the reference signals using goodness-of-fit have been obtained that the highest level of compatibility with Envelope Goodness-of-Fit (EG) value greater than 6,00 and Phase Goodness-of-Fit (PG) greater than 7,00.
The distribution patterns mapping of seawater intrusion in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Asfar S , Ngkoimani L O , Alfat S 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe main purpose of this research is to determine the distribution pattern of seawater intrusion in Kendari City, Southeast Province by using direct observation method by measuring the value of electrical conductivity (EC). The electrical conductivity measurement was done at 140 points of groundwater wells owned by the communities. The EC result of electrical conductivity value varies and categorized in five groups that are: 541 - 2,650 μS/cm, 400 - 520 μS/cm, 240 - 374.4 μS/cm, and 208 - 224.4 μS/cm. Based on the EC values, indicated that several areas in Kendari City have experienced with high water sea intrusion within the region Tondunggeu, Puday, Kasilampe, Mata and Purirano with electrical conductivity values range from 541 μS/cm to 2,650 μS/cm.
Black truffle winter production depends on Mediterranean summer precipitation
Authors: Büntgen Ulf , Oliach Daniel , Martínez-Peña Fernando , Latorre Joaquin , Egli Simon , Krusic Paul J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The unprecedented price inflation of Black truffles, recently exceeding 5000 Euro kg−1 (in Zurich), is a combined result of increasing global demands and decreasing Mediterranean harvests. Since the effects of long-term irrigation and climate variation on symbiotic fungus-host interaction and the development of belowground microbes are poorly understood, the establishment and maintenance of truffle plantations remains a risky venture. Using 49 years of continuous harvest and climate data from Spain, France and Italy, we demonstrate how truffle production rates, between November and March, significantly rely on previous June–August precipitation totals, whereas too much autumnal rainfall affects the subsequent winter harvest negatively. Despite a complex climate-host-fungus relationship, our findings show that southern European truffle yields can be predicted at highest probability (r = 0.78, t-stat = 5.645, prob = 0.000 01). Moreover, we demonstrate the reliability of national truffle inventories since 1970, and question the timing and dose of many of the currently operating irrigation systems. Finally, our results suggest that Black truffle mycorrhizal colonization of host fine roots, the sexualisation of mycelium, and the formation of peridium are strongly controlled by natural summer rainfall. Recognising the drought-vulnerability of southern Europe’s rapidly growing truffle sector, we encourage a stronger liaison between farmers, politicians and scientists to maintain ecological and economic sustainability under predicted climate change in the Mediterranean basin.
Genetic variability of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) genotypes for pod shattering resistance
Authors: Krisnawati A , Adie M M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Consumer demand for soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is not only high yielding variety, but also must be in accordance with industrial preferences, primarily for its shattering resistance. A total of 16 soybean lines were evaluated in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia from Feb to May 2018. The pod shattering evaluation was using oven-dry method. All tested lines have large seed size, except SAT-Ng-A4. Five lines have early days to maturity (< 80 d). The highest yielding line and large seeded size was SAT-Ng-AG-3 (4.06 t ha-1), but it has medium maturity. Pod shattering evaluation which using a gradient system of temperature showed that oven temperature of 50 °C and 60 °C were able to differentiate the soybean resistance to pod shattering. Three very resistant lines and one resistant line were obtained after exposed to 60 °C. The soybean pods which allowed to dry at room temperature for 9 d and exposed to high temperature (80 °C) showed high variability on shattering resistance. Three resistant lines (SAT-Ng-A4, SAT-Ng-6-13, and SAT-Ng-5-5) were obtained from screening on both oven methods. Those three lines with high yield, large seed size, and medium maturity can be used as parental lines to improve soybean shattering resistance in the breeding program.
Early detection of somaclonal variation in oil palm callus culture through cytological and SDS-PAGE protein analysis
Authors: Sahara A , Reflini  , Utomo C , Liwang T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The major problem of oil palm in vitro propagation is the occurrence of somaclonal variation. This study aimed to obtain somaclonal variation analytical method based on chromosome activities and protein molecular weight level using SDS-PAGE technique on callus culture. Generally, three types of callus were observed, i.e. rooty, nodular friable, and nodular aggregate callus. During mitotic analyses, normal and abnormal cell division of each callus was successfully observed in several phases of mitotic. Rooty callus showed the highest rate of abnormal mitotic divisions up to 7.0 %. In contrast, nodular friable resulted in 3.2 % abnormality rate which is even less than normal plant cell division that was 3.7 %. The most mitotic abnormality type was a reduction-grouping mechanism of the chromosome during methaphase and prophase. SDS-PAGE revealed different protein molecular weight between nodular friable, nodular aggregate, and rooty callus. Protein 20 kDa is a specific protein found in nodular friable callus; this protein was known as a biochemical marker to distinguish embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus.
The evaluation of estimated breeding value and the most probable producing ability for the basis selection of Ettawa crossbred goat (Capra hircus sp.) at Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Winaya A , Suyatno  , Coy P , Fauzi N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ettawa crossbred goat is Indonesia local breed goat that a dual purpose type, namely meat and milk production. The milk production is less but can improve by upgrading with other breeds like Saanen goat. The selection program is an effective way to upgrade the genetic performance of Ettawa goat. The Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) and Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA) can be considered on the selection program. The purpose of this study was to determine the milk production different and the EBV and MPPA values of Ettawa goats. This research was carried out by survey method on goat farmers. The second lactation of milk production was stated as the data variable. The analysis of variance from nested design showed that any significant different (P < 0.05) in milk production between the district and very significantly different (P < 0.01) between sub-districts of Malang region. The highest EBV was 0.389 L from Bumiaji sub-district as well as the highest MPPA was 0.595 L from Bumiaji sub-district. So, based on the EBV and MPPA values of Ettawa crossbred goat from Bumiaji sub-district of Batu Regency could be chosen as the basis population on the breeding program of dairy milk in Malang region.
Effectiveness of the use of organic waste as fertilizer and physical scarification of seeds on growth of seeds nila plants (Indigofera sp.)
Authors: Roeswitawati D , Huda M , Indratmi D , Mel M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Tilapia (Indigofera sp.) is used as animal feed because it has a crude protein content of 28.98 % and crude fiber content is 8.49 %, so it is considered as an energy source rich in nutrients. Tilapia plants are plants that are adaptable in a variety of diverse environmental conditions, such as acid soils and long dry climates. Utilization of tilapia as animal feed is very limited because farmers and breeders are reluctant to cultivate it. The limitation of providers of tilapia seedlings is one of the causes of the small number of tilapia cultivated by farmers and breeder so that the need for forage feeds of ruminants to meet protein needs is still lacking. During this time for the needs of ruminants, breeders only depend on natural grass and crop residues. The process of seed germination and tilapia growth after the germination period can be increased by scarifying seeds and using organic fertilizers. The study aimed to determine the effect of using organic waste and the length of physical seed scarification on the growth of tilapia seedlings. The study used factorial experiments (two factors) arranged randomly in groups. The first factor is the type of waste: M0 (without waste); M1 (banana [Musa sp.] hump waste); M2 (papaya fruit [Carica papaya L.] waste). The second factor is the duration of physical scarification (70 °C hot water immersion): S0 (without soaking); S1 (soaked for 7.5 min); S2 (soaked for 15 min). The results showed that there was an interaction between the types of organic waste and the length of seed scarification for tilapia growth. The best treatment is banana hump waste with physical scarification of 15 min of seed.
Microcontroller application for pH and temperature control system in liquid sugar liquefaction process made from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.)
Authors: Santosa H , Yuliati  , Mulyana I J , Sirait D S , Novitasari S D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sugar is a major source of sweetening but the increase of sugar demand is not in line with sugar cane production capacity in Indonesia. Therefore it is necessary to look for alternative other sweeteners as sugar cane substitution. The process of making glucose syrup made from cassava, sweet potato corn, sago is relatively simple and can be done on a small or medium scale industry. But in fact in Indonesia, glucose syrup producers are almost all big industries. This is due to the lack of development of appropriate technology for the manufacture of liquid sugar. Based on preliminary experiments, there is a significant influence of the combination of α-amylase enzyme factor and liquefaction time factor on reducing sugar content. This is by controlling the processing time, temperature (70 to 80) °C by stirring constantly and pH level 5.5. These three parameters are controlled and are being implemented with the design of an industrial liquid sugar processing apparatus. This system is designed with stainless steel material, and arduino microcontroller. Consumption of system power when the standby condition is 4.5 W. When the system is working at 311 W by activating the stirrer motor, gas valve and lighter.
Characterization of adaptive and productive soybean (G. max L.) genotypes in dry land of Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Adie M M , Krisnawati A , Suryati D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dry land is one of potential areas for soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) development. A total of 12 soybean genotypes, including two check varieties of Anjasmoro (high yield) and Demas 1 (adaptive in acidic dry land) were evaluated in two locations of dry land in Gunung Makmur Village and Kuala Tambangan Village, South Kalimantan, Indonesia from May to August 2017. The experimental design in each location was randomized block design (with 12 soybean genotypes as treatments) and four replicates. Data were subjected to combined ANOVA. The range of seed yield in Gunung Makmur was 1.56 t ha−1 to 3.18 t hm−2 and in Kuala Tambangan was 1.72 t ha1 to 2.96 t ha−1. Anjasmoro variety showed a higher productivity than Demas 1. Genotype of 19BE produced the highest yield in Gunung Makmur (3.18 t ha−1), meawhile G511H/Anjs-1-3 produced the highest yield in Kuala Tambangan (2.96 t ha−1). The best genotype across environments was G511H/Anjs-1-3 (2.99 t ha−1), then followed by 19BE (2.74 t ha−1). The G511H/Anjs-1-3 has medium height and a relatively low of empty pods, meanwhile 19BE has medium height and relatively high numbers of nodes per plant and branches per plant. Those genotypes could be developed in acidic dry land area of Kalimantan.
Inhibition of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 quorum sensing system by environmental bacterial isolates
Authors: Wahjudi M , Kurniawan W D , Gultom M T , Artadana I B M , Puad N I M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 is an opportunistic pathogen which is difficult to eradicate due to its virulence factors, specifically biofilm. The ability of B. cenocepacia to form biofilm is regulated by quorum sensing (QS) system using a signal molecule. Environtmental bacteria often showed the ability to inhibit the QS of other species because they have special and unique metabolites or enzymes. In previous research several environtmental bacteria was isolated from few places in Java Island. However, until now the potential of these bacteria have not been investigated yet. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of these environmental bacterial isolates, i.e. Bacillus sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter ludwigii and Kosakonia radicincitans on quorum sensing system of B. cenocepacia H111, particularly on quantities of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) and biofilm that were produced. The quantity of AHL molecule is measured by biosensor assay using Escherichia coli JM109 pSB401 while the quantity of biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet method. The result showed that supernatants of all these environtmental bacteria have no impact in decreasing of AHL nor biofilm. On the other hands, all the crude extracts showed a reduction either to AHL molecule and biofilm formation. The Bacillus sp. crude extract revealed the most reducing effect, with 84 % for AHL molecule and 71 % for biofilm. It can be concluded that crude extracts of all environmental bacteria have quorum quenching activity to B. cenocepacia H111 cells, specifically in reducing AHL levels and biofilm quantity. Crude extract from Bacillus sp. gave the highest inhibitory effect.
Characterization of thermostable chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis B2
Authors: Jayanthi N , Purwanto M G M , Chrisnasari R , Pantjajani T , Wahjudi A , Sugiarto M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chitinases is an enzyme capable of degrading chitin into oligomers to produce chitin derivatives products which are more useful. Thermostable-chitinase is of important in the relevant industrial application, since the degradation process oftently requires prety high temperature. This research report a characterization of chitinase isolated from thermophilic microorganism. The chitinase was obtained from Bacillus licheniformis B2 isolated from Ijen hot spring, East Java. It has the best chitinolytic activity at pH 7 when colloidal chitin was used as substrate. The enzyme exhibited activity in broad temperature range, from 50 °C to 70 °C, optimally at 55 °C. It was stable at 50 °C up to 90 min, at 60 °C up to 60 min and at 70 °C up to 30 min. At neutral pH this enzyme has negative charge but further purification is needed to determine its pI. The Km and Vmax of this chitinase for colloidal chitin were 101.96 mg mL −1 and 2.72 μmol (min mL)−1, respectively. Addition of NaCl, KNO3 and MgSO4 decreased the activity of chitinase following mixed inhibitor mode. This enzyme should be a good candidate for applications in the recycling of chitin waste.
Production potensial of sweet corn (Zea mays Linn. var. Saccharata Sturt ) ‘Bonanza’ to different planting pattern and phosphorus sources
Authors: Adinurani P G , Rahayu S , Budi L S , Pambudi S , Soni P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Planting pattern factors that regulate population density of plant greatly determine optimal plant growth and production. The “Jajar legowo” system adopted from rice plants was applied to corn plants to obtain the effect of marginal plants. The study wanted to know sweet corn ((Zea mays Linn. var. Saccharata Sturt) ‘Bonanza’ production based on planting patterns on various phosphorus sources. The study used factorial experiments which were arranged based on a randomized block design which was repeated three times with the planting pattern factor including conventional planting 70 cm × 20 cm, jajar legowo (2:1) with 20 cm × 50 cm × 100 cm and dense planting 105 cm × 12.5 cm. Source factor P consists of SP-36, mycorrhiza plus, and biofertilizer. The results showed that there was a significant interaction effect between the planting pattern and source of P on the dry weight of the plant, mostly in the combination treatment of the conventional system with SP 36 was 123.51 g. The weight cobs and corn cobs with cornhusk have the highest weight on the dense planting pattern which is no different significantly from conventional planting pattern.
Effect of new NPK fertilizer on lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth
Authors: Budiono R , Adinurani P G , Soni P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Types of compound fertilizers in Indonesia and used for food crops were varied. At present, new NPK fertilizer has been produced with NPK composition of 15-15-15. To determine the level of effectiveness of new NPK fertilizer, new NPK fertilizer was applicated on lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops. The research was conducted at the Mojosari Research Station, Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia in the 2016/2017 Rainy Season. The materials needed in this study were: seeds of cv. Inpari 30, Urea, Phonska fertilizers and new NPK fertilizer that tested. The treatment consisted of eight fertilizer levels, consisting of one control (without fertilizer), one treatment recommendation, and six levels of new NPK fertilizer with composition 15-15-15. The research result showed that: i). New NPK fertilizer affects the growth and yield of rice plants, ii). The fertilizer dosage that provides the best response to vegetative and generative growth of rice plants is 250 kg ha −1 of new NPK fertilizer + 300 kg ha −1 Urea. This is supported by the value of relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of 101 % and economic feasibility (R/C ratio) of 1.88, and iii). New NPK fertilizer can be effectively used as an alternative to Phonska NPK fertilizer.
Biomass to methanol plant based on gasification of palm empty fruit bunch
Authors: Heryadi R , Uyun A S , Yandri E , Nur S M , Abdullah K , Anne O 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Biomass from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) has the potential to be employed as raw material for renewable energy sources in Indonesia. EFB can be efficiently converted into valuable fuel products through gasification to produce syngas. Syngas is a suitable basis for added value products development. One of type biomass that has big potential to be utilized is palm EFB biomass. Research about methanol synthesis from various biomass has been done, though little research about methanol production based on EFB gasification. The purpose of this research is to simulate methanol plant model based on gasification of palm EFB. The method covers the step to perform a simulation of the model and methanol plant design. Electric power requirement has been investigated at 3 417 kW, and 67 % of its demand can be fulfilled by steam generation cycle and internal combustion engine (ICE) fuelled by off-gas, while the deficit fulfilled by diesel powered ICE. The flow rate of methanol produced is 85 % of EFB feed flowrate. Energy efficiency is 92 % once electricity energy added to liquid product energy content. The developed model reflects the initial step toward circular economy principals as well as the basis for analysis of the methanol production from EFB biomass gasification profitability.