bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven respiratory motion compensation for four‐dimensional cone‐beam computed tomography (4D‐CBCT) using groupwise deformable registration
Authors: Riblett Matthew J. , Christensen Gary E. , Weiss Elisabeth , Hugo Geoffrey D. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of using a purely data‐driven, a posteriori respiratory motion modeling and reconstruction compensation method to improve 4D‐CBCT image quality under clinically relevant image acquisition conditions.MethodsEvaluated workflows that utilized a combination of groupwise deformable image registration and motion‐compensated image reconstruction algorithms. Groupwise registration is an approach that simultaneously registers all temporal frames of a 4D image to a common reference instead of one at a time so as to minimize the influence of any individual time point on the global smoothness or accuracy of the resulting deformation model. Four‐dimensional cone‐beam CT (4D‐CBCT) Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (FDK) reconstructions were registered to either iteratively computed mean respiratory phase (mean‐frame) or preselected respiratory phase (fixed‐frame) reference images to model respiratory motion. The resulting 4D transformations were used to deform projection data during the FDK backprojection operation to create motion‐compensated reconstructions. Tissue interface sharpness (TIS) was defined as the slope of a sigmoid curve fit to a mobile tissue boundary and was used to evaluate image quality in regions susceptible to motion artifacts. Image quality improvement was assessed for 19 clinical cases by evaluating mitigation of view aliasing artifacts, TIS, image noise reduction, and contrast for implanted fiducial markers.ResultsAverage (standard deviation) diaphragm TIS recovery relative to initial 4D‐CBCT reconstructions was observed to be 87% (46%) using fixed‐frame registration alone; 87% (47%) using fixed frame with motion‐compensated reconstruction; 101% (68%) using mean‐frame registration alone; and 99% (65%) using mean frame with motion‐compensated reconstruction. Noise was reduced in sampled soft tissue ROIs by 58% for both fixed‐frame registration and registration with motion compensation and by 57% and 58% on average for the corresponding mean‐frame methods, respectively. Average improvement in local CNR was observed to be respectively 93% and 98% for fixed‐frame registration and registration with motion compensation methods and 116% and 111% for the corresponding mean‐frame methods.ConclusionData‐driven groupwise registration and motion‐compensated reconstruction offer a feasible means of improving the quality of 4D‐CBCT images acquired under clinical conditions. The addition of motion compensation reconstruction after groupwise registration visibly reduced the impact of view aliasing artifacts for the clinical image datasets studied.
Reduced order modeling of random linear dynamical systems based on a new a posteriori error bound
Authors: Hossain Md. Nurtaj , Ghosh Debraj 
Published: August 2018

SummaryReduced order models (ROMs) are becoming increasingly useful for saving computational cost in response prediction of vibrating systems. In a number of applications such as uncertainty quantification, ROMs require robustness over a wide variation of parameters. Accordingly, often they are classified as local and global, based on their performance in the parametric domain. Availability of an error bound of a ROM helps in achieving this robustness, mainly by allowing adaptivity. In this work, for a linear random dynamical system, first, an a posteriori error bound is developed based on the residual in the governing differential equation. Next, based on this error bound, two adaptive methods are proposed for building robust ROMs, that is, one for local, and another for global. While both methods are based on a greedy search approach, a modification is proposed in the training stage of the global ROM for accelerated convergence. These methods are then applied to an uncertainty quantification problem in a statistical simulation framework, and accordingly, two algorithms are developed. A detailed numerical study on vibration of a bladed disk assembly is conducted to study the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed error bound and adaptive ROMs. It is found that these adaptive ROMs provide a considerable speed‐up in estimating the probability of failure.
Evidence for differences in activity between socioeconomic groups at Kulubnarti, Nubia (550–800 CE), from osseous modifications of the proximal femur
Authors: Lawrence Austin B. , Sandberg Paul A. , Van Gerven Dennis P. , Sponheimer Matt 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPast bioarchaeological analyses of human remains from the Early Christian Period site of Kulubnarti, Nubia (550–800 CE), have revealed differences in patterns of stress between two contemporaneous cemeteries (mainland [21‐R‐2] and island [21‐S‐46]) that are thought to represent separate socioeconomic groups. However, to this point, differences in activity between cemetery groups and sexes at Kulubnarti have been poorly understood. In this study, we compare patterns of two nonmetric traits (Poirier's facets and plaque) that occur on the proximal femur and have been linked to activity and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) to better understand activity patterns at Kulubnarti. The remains of 134 adult individuals (252 femora) from two cemeteries at Kulubnarti were analyzed for the presence of Poirier's facet, plaque, and FAI. Frequencies of Poirier's facet and plaque were significantly different between cemeteries and sexes, and Poirier's facet was found only in males. Morphology consistent with FAI was significantly more common in males, and patterns of FAI morphology were different between cemeteries. Patterns in the frequencies of Poirier's facet, plaque, and FAI may indicate a difference in activity between sexes and cemeteries (socioeconomic groups), possibly related to the intensity of agricultural activity. Poirier's facet and plaque may arise via similar processes to FAI in modern athletes or may be different forms of FAI. New work should be undertaken to clarify the etiologies of Poirier's facets and plaque and to better understand their relationship to FAI.
Osteophageous insect damage on human bone from Je'reftheel, a Maya mortuary cave site in west‐central Belize
Authors: Wrobel Gabriel D. , Biggs Jack 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHuman bones from the Maya mortuary cave of Je'reftheel in west‐central Belize show evidence of taphonomic modifications attributed to insects, with termites and dermestid beetles being the most likely culprits. This study represents the first detailed exploration of the effects of osteophageous insects on bones from the Maya area and thus expands on recent efforts by other researchers working in the region to document taphonomic processes and distinguish them from intentional mortuary treatments.
An equivalent approximation approach for the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equations in intertemporal decision problems
Authors: Xiang Shengpeng , Chen Shou , He Hongbo 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we develop an equivalent approximation approach to obtain the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equations of intertemporal decision problems under uncertainty. An implicit discount function is adopted in the derivation of the rate of change of value function for the HJB equations to provide the broadest coverage of time preferences. Meanwhile, we provide an illustrative example for application by revisiting the intertemporal consumption and portfolio decisions problem. Furthermore, we verify the validity of our approach in robustness tests by incorporating exponential, nonconstant, and stochastic hyperbolic discounting functions, respectively. The HJB equations and their resulting decision rules in the finite and infinite planning horizons have confirmed that our approach provides an efficient and reliable alternative to acquire the HJB equations in the intertemporal economic issues under uncertainty.
2D Dendritic Gold Nanostructures Formed on Silica Nanosheets: Transferability, Clean Surface, and Their Biomedical Application
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Yang Dandan , Chen Lizhu , Liu Bin , Teng Zhaogang , He Nongyue , Wang Zhifei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe fabrication of 2D dendritic gold nanostructures (2D Au DNSs) has aroused extensive research interest because of their complicated structural characteristic and the unique optical and catalytic properties. However, to obtain transferable 2D Au DNS with clean surface is still extremely difficult, which severely limits their applications. In this work, transferable 2D Au DNSs are designed and constructed by the combination of diffusion‐limited aggregation strategy and utilizing silica nanosheet as the substrate for gold deposition. The results show that the resulting 2D Au DNS has a 13.8% of photothermal conversion efficiency under the irradiation of a 980 nm laser and can be used for in vivo cancer therapy. Moreover, after the functionality of 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid and anti‐Her 2 antibody, 2D Au DNSs can also be used as a surface Raman enhancement label to specifically detect MCF‐7 cells.
A prospective study to examine the association of the urinary and fecal microbiota with prostate cancer diagnosis after transrectal biopsy of the prostate using 16sRNA gene analysis
Authors: Alanee Shaheen , El‐Zawahry Ahmed , Dynda Danuta , Dabaja Ali , McVary Kevin , Karr Mallory , Braundmeier‐Fleming Andrea 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionThere is accumulating evidence that variations in the human microbiota may promote disease states including cancer. Our goal was to examine the association between urinary and fecal microbial profiles and the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) in patients undergoing transrectal biopsy of the prostate.Materials and MethodsWe extracted total DNA from urine and fecal samples collected before a prostate biopsy performed for elevated prostatic specific antigen in patients suspected of having PC. We then amplified the extracted DNA and sequenced it using bacterial 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing platform, and analyzed microbial profiles for taxonomy comparing those patients diagnosed with PC with those who did not receive that diagnosis.ResultsWe included 30 patients in our analysis (60 samples, one urine and one fecal per patient). The majority of patients with PC (10/14) had similar bacterial communities within their urinary sample profile and clustered separately than patients without cancer (n = 16). Differential analysis of the operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in urine samples revealed decreased abundance of several bacterial species in patients with prostate cancer. Analysis of the bacterial taxonomies of the fecal samples did not reveal any clustering in concordance with benign or malignant prostate biopsies. Patients who had a Gleason score (GS) of 6 (n = 11) were present in both urine bacterial community clusters, but patients with GS 7 or higher (n = 3) did not cluster tightly with non‐cancer subjects.ConclusionsThe urinary microbiota of patients with PC tends to cluster separately from those without this disease. Further research is needed to investigate the urinary microbiome potential of serving as a biomarker that could be used to improve the accuracy of pre‐biopsy models predicting the presence of PC in post‐biopsy tissue examination.
Incorporation of Sensitive Ester and Chloropurine Groups into Oligodeoxynucleotides through Solid‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: Halami Bhaskar , Shahsavari Shahien , Nelson Zack , Prehoda Lucas , Eriyagama Dhananjani Nisansala Adikar Mudiyanselage , Fang Shiyue 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNucleosides containing ester groups that are sensitive to nucleophiles were incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) through solid phase chemical synthesis. The sensitive esters are located on a purine nucleobase. They are the esters of ethyl, 2‐methoxyethyl, 4‐methoxyphenyl and phenyl groups, and a thioester. These esters cannot survive the deprotection and cleavage conditions used in known ODN synthesis technologies, which involve strong nucleophiles such as ammonium hydroxide and potassium methoxide (potassium carbonate in anhydrous methanol). To incorporate these sensitive groups into ODNs, the Dmoc (i. e. dimethyl‐1,3‐dithian‐2‐ylmethoxycarbonyl) phosphoramidites and linker were used for solid phase synthesis, which allowed ODN deprotection and cleavage to be carried out under non‐nucleophilic oxidative conditions. Sixteen ODN sequences containing these groups were synthesized and characterized with MALDI MS. In addition, the synthesis and characterization of three ODNs containing a nucleophile sensitive 6‐chloropurine using the same strategy are described.
Simple and Highly Efficient Synthesis of Thioamide Derivatives Using β‐Cyclodextrin as Supramolecular Catalyst in Water
Authors: Tayade Yogesh A. , Jangale Asha D. , Dalal Dipak S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA simple, straightforward and highly efficient approach for the synthesis of thioamide derivatives in water at 100 oC has been developed. Total 22 compounds were prepared via a one‐pot multicomponent reaction between substituted aldehydes, sulfur powder and secondary amines by using recyclable catalyst β‐cyclodextrin indicating the broad substrate scope of this method. The salient features of the present protocol are water as a green solvent, non‐toxic catalyst, good to excellent yields of products, operational simplicity, eco‐friendliness and easy isolation of products. The used catalyst was recovered and reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity, which is an essential parameter of green synthesis.
[FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Models Containing Long Diselenolato Linkers
Authors: Harb Mohammad K. , Alshurafa Hadil , El‐khateeb Mohammad , Al‐Zuheiri Aya , Görls Helmar , Abul‐Futouh Hassan , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReactions of Fe3(CO)12 with cyclic diselenides or diselenocyanatoalkanes produced two different products, namely the dinuclear [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐(SeCH2)2(CH2)n}] (n= 5 (1 a), 6 (1 b), 7 (1 c), 8 (1 d)) and the tetranuclear models [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐(SeCH2)2(CH2)n}]2 (n=5 (2 a), 6 (2 b), 7 (2 c), 8 (2 d)). The resulting complexes were fully characterized by a variety of analytical techniques (NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry) and by X‐ray structure determination of complexes 1 c, 1 d, 2 c and 2 d. Furthermore, we investigated the redox properties and the catalytic behaviour of complexes 1 a‐d in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH) as a source of protons.
Ultrathin Molybdenum Dioxide Nanosheets as Uniform and Reusable Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates with High Sensitivity
Authors: Wu Hongrong , Zhou Xiaocheng , Li Jidong , Li Xuemei , Li Baowen , Fei Wenwen , Zhou Jianxin , Yin Jun , Guo Wanlin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetal oxides have advantages over the traditional noble metals to be used as substrate materials for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with low cost, versatility, and biocompatibility, but their enhancement factors are generally quite low with a poor limit of detection. Here, ultrathin molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) nanosheets synthesized by chemical vapor deposition demonstrated in large area are used as SERS substrates with superior signal uniformity in the whole area with a limit of detectable concentration down to 4 × 10−8m and enhancement factor up to 2.1 × 105, exceeding that of 2D materials and comparable to that of noble metal films. More practically important, the planar MoO2 substrate is more robust than noble metals and shows excellent reusability and uniformity, which is usually prohibited for nanostructured or nanoparticle‐based metal oxide substrates. The enhancement is mainly attributed to the surface plasmon resonance effect as evidenced by the first principle calculations and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy characterization, which can be further increased by decreasing the thickness of the MoO2 nanosheets. The overall superior performance makes the MoO2 nanosheets an ideal substrate for practical SERS applications.
Evaluation of the BET Theory for the Characterization of Meso and Microporous MOFs
Authors: Ambroz Filip , Macdonald Thomas J. , Martis Vladimir , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurface area determination with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method is a widely used characterization technique for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Since these materials are highly porous, the use of the BET theory can be problematic. Several researchers have evaluated the BET method to gain insights into the usefulness of the obtained results and interestingly, their findings are not always consistent. In this review, the suitability of the BET method is discussed for MOFs that have a diverse range of pore widths below the diameters of N2 or Ar and above 20 Å. In addition, the surface area of MOFs that are obtained by implementing different approaches, such as grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, calculations from the crystal structures or based on experimental N2, Ar, or CO2 adsorption isotherms, are compared and evaluated. Inconsistencies in the state‐of‐the‐art are also noted. Based on the current literature, an overview is provided of how the BET method can give useful estimations of the surface areas for the majority of MOFs, but there are some crucial and specific exceptions which are highlighted in this review.
Atomic Scale Materials for Emerging Robust Catalysis
Authors: Sun Xian , Chen Yunxu , Liu Keli , Ding Yu , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAtomic scale materials (ASMs) have drawn great interest from researchers in the field of catalysis, due to their novel structures and attractive properties. As a kind of high‐efficiency catalyst, ASMs exhibit massive active sites, fast charge diffusion rates, and maximum atomic utilization, which endow them with a superior catalytic performance. Herein, the current progress in the development of ASMs for core catalytic systems is summarized, which focuses on the distinct structural characteristics and great catalytic advantages of ASMs, as well as their underlying catalytic mechanism for various reactions. Significantly, it is indicated that ASMs are promising catalysts for robust catalysis, which possess high catalytic activity, good selectivity, long‐term stability, excellent poisoning tolerance, and strong conditional adaptability in catalytic applications, and are gradually applied in the field of industrialization. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of ASMs in the field of catalysis are discussed. This review provides a new impetus for the fundamental design and further exploration of catalysts.
Cu‐Based Nanoparticles as Emerging Environmental Catalysts
Authors: Deka Pangkita , Borah Biraj Jyoti , Saikia Himadri , Bharali Pankaj 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis account provides an overview of current research activities on nanoparticles containing the earth‐abundant and inexpensive element copper (Cu) and Cu‐based nanoparticles, especially in the field of environmental catalysis. The different synthetic strategies with possible modification of the chemical/ physical properties of these nanoparticles using such strategies and/or conditions to improve catalytic activity are presented. The design and development of support and/or bimetallic systems (e. g., alloys, intermetallic, etc.) are also included. Herein, we report synthetic approaches of Cu and Cu‐based nanoparticles (monometallic copper, bimetallic copper and copper (II) oxide nanoparticles/nanostructures) and impregnation of such nanoparticles onto support material (e. g., Co3O4 nanostructure), along with their applications as environmental catalyst for various oxidation and reduction reactions. Finally, this account provides necessary advances and perspectives of Cu‐based nanoparticles in the environmental catalysis.
Lithium versus Mono/Polyvalent Ion Intercalation: Hybrid Metal Ion Systems for Energy Storage
Authors: Stoyanova Radostina , Koleva Violeta , Stoyanova Antonia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe energy storage by redox intercalation reactions is, nowadays, the most effective rechargeable ion battery. When lithium is used as intercalating agents, the high energy density is achieved at an expense of non‐sustainability. The replacement of Li+ with cheaper monovalent ions enables to make greener battery alternatives. The utilization of polyvalent ions instead of Li+ permits to multiplying the battery capacity. Contrary to Li+, the realization of quick and reversible intercalation of bigger monovalent and of polyvalent ions is a scientific challenge due to kinetic constraints, polarizing ion effects and Coulomb interactions. Herein we provide a vision how to make the intercalation of these ions feasible. The idea is to perform dual intercalation of ions having different charges, radii, preferred coordination and diffusion pathway topology. All these features are demonstrated by the recent knowledge on selective and non‐selective intercalation properties of oxides and polyanion compounds with layered and tunnel structures. Based on dual intercalation properties, the fabrication of hybrid metal ion batteries is presented and discussed.
Intratumoral recombinant human interferon alpha‐2a and vincristine combination therapy in canine transmissible venereal tumour
Authors: Kanca Halit , Tez Gizem , Bal Kazim , Ozen Dogukan , Alcigir Eray , Atalay Vural Sevil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCanine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a naturally occurring contagious neoplasm of dogs located mainly on the external genitalia of both sexes. The course of vincristine chemotherapy, the most effective and practical therapy, is affected by the immune status of the host. The aim was to investigate recombinant human interferon alpha‐2a (rhIFNα‐2a) and vincristine for treatment of CTVT. A total of 21 female dogs were included. In group I (n = 9), vincristine (0.025 mg/kg, IV) was administered weekly. In group II (n = 6), dogs were injected intratumorally weekly with 1.5 million IU rhIFNα‐2a. In group III (n = 6), rhIFNα‐2a and vincristine were combined. No tumour regression was observed after three injections of rhIFNα‐2a in group II and weekly vincristine was administered. The number of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mitotic figures and apoptotic cells were counted in subsequent incisional tumour biopsies. The Kaplan–Meier Method was used to analyse survival using complete tumour regression as the outcome and Breslow Test was used for comparison of survival curves. Differences in TILs, cell proliferation and apoptosis between groups were assessed by analysis of covariance. Complete regression was observed in all animals included. Mean duration of vincristine treatment for complete regression was shorter in group II (3.50 weeks, 95% CI, 3.06–3.94, P < 0.05) and group III (3.17 weeks, 95% CI, 2.84–3.49, P < 0.01) compared to group I (5.11 weeks, 95% CI, 4.42–5.80). Vincristine and rhIFNα‐2a combination increased TILs in CTVT biopsies compared to vincristine treatment (P = 0.017) and vincristine treatment after rhIFNα‐2a (P = 0.049). Vincristine treatment after rhIFNα‐2a (Group II; P < 0.001) and rhIFNα‐2a and vincristine combination (Group III; P < 0.001) decreased apoptosis. The results indicate that intratumoral rhIFNα‐2a treatment alone is not effective in CTVT. However, combination of rhIFNα‐2a and vincristine shortens the duration of treatment compared to vincristine therapy.