bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful pulp revascularization of an autotransplantated mature premolar with fragile fracture apicoectomy and plasma rich in growth factors: a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Gaviño Orduña J. F. , García García M. , Dominguez P. , Caviedes Bucheli J. , Martin Biedma B. , Abella Sans F. , Manzanares Céspedes M. C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThis case report demonstrates a positive outcome of the adjuvant use of fragile fracture (FF), which is a technique used to harvest dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in a mandibular premolar (tooth 44) with a completely formed root that was transplanted into a surgically created socket and which maintained pulp vitality and function.SummaryAfter virtual surgical planning, a 3D tooth replica of tooth 44 was fabricated. A surgical socket was created in the position of tooth 14; then, tooth 44 was extracted and the root dentine was abraded using a turbine diamond bur 3 mm from the apex until a circular groove was prepared around the outer circumference of the root; and then, an FF was performed without damaging the pulp tissue. PRP was placed in the socket, after which the donor tooth was inserted in the recipient area. At 2 weeks post‐treatment, orthodontic traction was applied. At 3‐year follow‐up, the tooth had adequate alignment and was asymptomatic. Response to pulp testing was positive, and the presence of pulp canal obliteration was observed as a sign of pulpal healing.Key learning points

Autotransplantation is a good alternative for replacing missing teeth, with repair of tissues and pulp revascularization.

Revascularization of an autotransplanted mature tooth using the fragile fracture technique and PRP scaffold is a feasible option and might have positive effects on the long‐term outcome of the procedure.

Including completely formed teeth as donors in autotransplantation, maintaining vitality and their functions is an option that warrants further study.
Gaps at the interface between dentine and self‐adhesive resin cement in post‐endodontic restorations quantified in 3D by phase contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT
Authors: Soares A. P. , Bitter K. , Lagrange A. , Rack A. , Shemesh H. , Zaslansky P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the extent of gaps between root dentine and titanium or fibreglass post restorations following cementation with a self‐adhesive resin cement.MethodologyFourteen root filled maxillary central incisors restored with prefabricated posts made of Fibreglass (n = 7) or Titanium (n = 7) and cemented with RelyX Unicem 2 were imaged by rapid, high‐resolution phase contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT (PCE‐CT) in a synchrotron X‐ray imaging facility (ID19, ESRF, 34 KeV, 0.65 µm pixel resolution). Reconstructions were used to measure canal, cement and post perimeters and cross‐sectional areas and interfacial gaps at 0.1 mm increments in the root canal space, along the cervical region of the tooth. Remnants of endodontic sealer (AH Plus), when present, were also quantified. Mann–Whitney and 2‐way ANOVA tests were used to compare findings within slices and between the two post groups. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were determined between the interfacial gaps and the other measured parameters.ResultsClearly detectable gaps were found in 45% (±14%) of the interfaces between dentine and cement, along the canal in the cervical area of the tooth beneath the core. The length of interfacial gaps was moderately correlated to the canal cross‐sectional area, to the canal perimeter and to the canal area filled by cement (R = 0.52 ~ 0.55, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between samples with fibreglass or titanium (P > 0.01). Both post types had defect‐free interfaces with cement. Endodontic sealer remnants were found on ~10% of the canal walls and were moderately correlated to the presence of gaps. Approximately 30% of the sealer‐affected interfaces exhibited no detachment between dentine, sealer and cement.ConclusionsSelf‐adhesive cements had interfacial gaps along substantial regions of the root canal surface, which was not correlated with the amount of cement in the canal. PCE‐CT proved to be an excellent non‐destructive method to study root canal restorations of hydrated samples in 3D.
Analysis of the prevalence of systemic de novo thrombotic microangiopathy after ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation and the associated risk factors
Authors: Tasaki Masayuki , Saito Kazuhide , Nakagawa Yuki , Imai Naofumi , Ito Yumi , Yoshida Yutaka , Ikeda Masahiro , Ishikawa Shoko , Narita Ichiei , Takahashi Kota , Tomita Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo analyze the prevalence of systemic de novo thrombotic microangiopathy in ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation and risk factors associated with this condition.MethodsA total of 201 patients who received living‐donor kidney transplantation (114 patients with ABO‐identical kidney transplantation and 87 patients with ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation) were retrospectively analyzed. Systemic de novo thrombotic microangiopathy was diagnosed clinically according to the presence of thrombocytopenia with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and pathological findings of thrombotic microangiopathy. Anti‐A and anti‐B antibodies were purified from human plasma, and these antibodies’ bindings to human kidney were investigated in vitro.ResultsABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation was a significant risk factor of systemic de novo thrombotic microangiopathy (odds ratio 55.9, 95% CI 1.8–8.9, P < 0.001) after transplantation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that non‐use of mycophenolate mofetil, pretreatment immunoglobulin G antibody titer ≥64‐fold and pretransplant immunoglobulin M antibody titer ≥16‐fold were significant risk factors for systemic de novo thrombotic microangiopathy in ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation. Microvascular inflammation of 1‐h post‐transplant biopsy could be observed more frequently in thrombotic microangiopathy patients than in non‐thrombotic microangiopathy patients. Anti‐A and anti‐B antibodies purified from human plasma showed a strong in vitro reaction against human kidney when the antibody titer was ≥16‐fold.ConclusionsAntibody titer should be decreased to ≤16‐fold until the day of ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation by desensitization therapy including mycophenolate mofetil. The 1‐h biopsy results might help to diagnose systemic de novo thrombotic microangiopathy.
Lasers for reduction of unwanted hair in skin of colour: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dorgham N.A. , Dorgham D.A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLight‐based therapies are one of the most effective and widely used strategies for removal of undesired hair, with a broadly favourable safety profile. However, subjects with pigmented skin are found to be more prone to laser‐related adverse events. While prolonged pulse‐width and longer treatment duration were proposed to minimize adverse events, the optimal treatment option among available phototherapy modalities – long‐pulsed (Nd:YAG), pulsed diode and alexandrite lasers as well as intense pulsed light (IPL) – remains unclear, particularly for skin of colour. To determine superiority in terms of effectiveness and tolerability, we conducted a systematic review of literature on different types of in‐office laser and IPL for hair removal in subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI. The meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.3 and included 12 eligible comparative trials (nine randomized controlled trials and three quasi‐randomized). In terms of hair count reduction, pooled effect estimates for long‐pulsed ND:YAG laser [OR: 0.26, 95% CI (0.1, 0.78)] and diode laser [standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.11, 95% CI (−0.62, 0.39)] were not statistically significant from those of IPL; in contrast, alexandrite laser was found to be superior to IPL in reducing hair count [SMD: −1.7, 95% CI (−2.6, −0.78)]. In terms of adverse events, the pooled effect estimates favoured long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser to IPL with respect to postinflammatory hyperpigmentation [OR: 0.26, 95% CI: (0.1, 0.78)]. However, both pulsed diode and alexandrite lasers exhibited a comparable safety profile to IPL, despite higher pain scores with lasers. In conclusion, this systematic review suggests that treatment outcomes for different in‐office laser devices and IPL in subjects with skin type III–VI are broadly similar; nevertheless, we observed a trend towards greater hair reduction following laser therapy compared with IPL.
The more the better? An appraisal of combination therapies for actinic keratosis
Authors: Steeb T. , Wessely A. , Leiter U. , French L.E. , Berking C. , Heppt M.V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractActinic keratoses (AK) are common precancerous lesions of the skin. Numerous interventions exist for the treatment of AK, including lesion‐ and field‐directed approaches. In daily practice, different treatment modalities are often combined to maximize clearance rates. However, whether a combination therapy is preferable to monotherapy in terms of efficacy and safety has been subject of intense debate. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the efficacy and safety of local combination therapies for the treatment of patients with AK. Combination approaches of cryosurgery followed by photodynamic therapy (PDT), laser‐assisted PDT, PDT in combination with topical interventions and microneedling‐assisted PDT have shown slightly better efficacy results with similar tolerability compared to the respective monotherapy. However, the individual usage of combination therapies should be checked on a case‐by‐case basis and take into account individual patient‐ and lesion‐specific aspects as more resources are needed and because the individual monotherapies are already highly effective.
Summative Effects of Vascular Risk Factors on the Progression of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Lee Wei‐Ju , Liao Yi‐Chu , Wang Yen‐Feng , Lin Yung‐Shuan , Wang Shuu‐Jiun , Fuh Jong‐Ling 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the summative effects of vascular risk factors (VRFs) on the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD).DESIGNLongitudinal follow‐up cohort study.SETTINGAD patients from two teaching hospitals in Taiwan with 3‐year follow‐ups.PARTICIPANTSA total of 330 AD patients with a mean age of 80.7 years, a mean Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 18.7, and a mean Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDRSB) score of 6.9.MEASUREMENTSAll patients completed a clinically functional assessment and a neuropsychological test battery at baseline and yearly follow‐ups. The VRF burden was combined into a summative VRF index at baseline (ie, having one, two, or more VRFs); VRFs included coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to analyze the correlations between the VRFs and longitudinal MMSE and CDRSB changes.RESULTSThe results of the GEE adjusted for age, years of education, sex, disease duration, baseline MMSE score, time, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status, use of medications (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonists), and hospitalization rates and showed that patients with more than three VRFs had more rapid cognitive decline than patients without VRFs (MMSE, P = .02; CDRSB, P = .001) as well as patients with three or fewer VRFs (MMSE, P = .009; CDRSB, P = .02). Subsequent analyses of APOE ε4 carriers with more than three VRFs also showed their more rapid cognitive decline compared with patients without VRFs (MMSE, P = .02; CDRSB, P = .001) and patients with three or fewer VRFs (MMSE, P = .009; CDRSB, P = .02), but no significant difference was found in APOE ε4 noncarriers.CONCLUSIONMultiple VRFs have summative effects on the progression of AD, especially in APOE ε4 carriers. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:129–136, 2019
Glial pathology in a novel spontaneous mutant mouse of the Eif2b5 gene: a vanishing white matter disease model
Authors: Terumitsu‐Tsujita Mika , Kitaura Hiroki , Miura Ikuo , Kiyama Yuji , Goto Fumiko , Muraki Yoshiko , Ominato Shiho , Hara Norikazu , Simankova Anna , Bizen Norihisa , Kashiwagi Kazuhiro , Ito Takuhiro , Toyoshima Yasuko , Kakita Akiyoshi , Manabe Toshiya , Wakana Shigeharu , Takebayashi Hirohide , Igarashi Hironaka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVanishing white matter disease (VWM) is an autosomal recessive neurological disorder caused by mutation(s) in any subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B), an activator of translation initiation factor eIF2. VWM occurs with mutation of the genes encoding eIF2B subunits (EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, and EIF2B5). However, little is known regarding the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms or how to treat patients with VWM. Here we describe the identification and detailed analysis of a new spontaneous mutant mouse harboring a point mutation in the Eif2b5 gene (p.Ile98Met). Homozygous Eif2b5I98M mutant mice exhibited a small body, abnormal gait, male and female infertility, epileptic seizures, and a shortened lifespan. Biochemical analyses indicated that the mutant eIF2B protein with the Eif2b5I98M mutation decreased guanine nucleotide exchange activity on eIF2, and the level of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker activating transcription factor 4 was elevated in the 1‐month‐old Eif2b5I98M brain. Histological analyses indicated up‐regulated glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the astrocytes of the Eif2b5I98M forebrain and translocation of Bergmann glia in the Eif2b5I98M cerebellum, as well as increased mRNA expression of an endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, C/EBP homologous protein. Disruption of myelin and clustering of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells were also indicated in the white matter of the Eif2b5I98M spinal cord at 8 months old. Our data show that Eif2b5I98M mutants are a good model for understanding VWM pathogenesis and therapy development.
image
Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14751.
The impact of in ovo injection of l‐arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens
Authors: Omidi Somayeh , Ebrahimi Marziyeh , Janmohammadi Hossein , Moghaddam Gholamali , Rajabi Zolfaghar , Hosseintabar‐Ghasemabad Babak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present article was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. For this reason, 300 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments. The experimental groups included: 1%–0.5% l‐arginine (100 eggs), 2%–1% l‐arginine (100 eggs), 3‐ control [included both sham control (injection of distilled water; 50 eggs) and control (no injection; 50 eggs)], which were injected on d 14 of incubation. After hatching, chicks of each experimental group (0.5% l‐arginine, 1% l‐arginine, and control groups) were randomly divided into four equal groups (as replicates) and reared for 30 days. Weight and feeding of chickens were recorded. Next, blood samples of chickens were collected on day 30 to evaluate antibody titre. Also, chickens were slaughtered on 24 and 30 days of the experiment to evaluate immune system organs and caecum microflora. Based on the results, in ovo injection of l‐arginine had no significant effect on hatchability, body weight, antibody titre, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (p > .05). On the other hand, treatments significantly affected feed intake and feed conversion ratio (p < .05). As a novel finding, in ovo injection of l‐arginine increased caecal Lactobacillus (p < .01), while decreasing Coliform and Escherichia Coli bacteria (p < .01). However, treatments did not influence caecal Enterococcus (p > .05). The overall results indicated that in ovo injection of 0.5% l‐arginine had a better improving effect on caecal microflora and then considered as a recommended level of the present experiment.
Coordinate regulation of virulence and metabolic genes by the transcription factor HbhR in Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Raze Dominique , Segers Jérôme , Mille Céline , Slupek Stéphanie , Lecher Sophie , Coutte Loïc , Antoine Rudy , Ducrocq Lucie , Rouanet Carine , Appelmelk Ben J. , Locht Camille 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe heparin‐binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) is a multifunctional protein involved in adherence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to non‐phagocytic cells and in the formation of intracytosolic lipid inclusions. We demonstrate that the expression of hbhA is regulated by a transcriptional repressor, named HbhR, in Mycobacterium marinum. The hbhR gene, located upstream of hbhA, was identified by screening a transposon insertion library and detailed analysis of a mutant overproducing HBHA. HbhR was found to repress both hbhA and hbhR transcription by binding to the promoter regions of both genes. Complementation restored production of HBHA. RNA‐seq analyses comparing the mutant and parental strains uncovered 27 genes, including hbhA, that were repressed and 20 genes activated by HbhR. Among the former, the entire locus of genes coding for a type‐VII secretion system, including esxA, esxB and pe‐ppe paralogs, as well as the gene coding for PspA, present in intracellular lipid vesicles, was identified, as was katG, a gene involved in the sensitivity to isoniazid. The latter category contains genes that play a role in diverse functions, such as metabolism and resistance to oxidative conditions. Thus, HbhR appears to be a master regulator, linking the transcriptional regulation of virulence, metabolic and antibiotic sensitivity genes in M. marinum.
The effect of ketamine on emergence agitation in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ng Ka Ting , Sarode Deep , Lai Yuen Sin , Teoh Wan Yi , Wang Chew Yin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundKetamine is believed to reduce the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing surgery or procedure. However, recent randomized controlled trials reported conflicting findings.AimsTo investigate the effect of ketamine on emergence agitation in children.MethodsDatabases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were systematically searched from their start date until February 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous ketamine and placebo in children were sought. The primary outcome was the incidence of emergence agitation. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain score, duration of discharge time, and the adverse effects associated with the use of ketamine, namely postoperative nausea and vomiting, desaturation, and laryngospasm.ResultsThirteen studies (1125 patients) were included in the quantitative meta‐analysis. The incidence of emergence agitation was 14.7% in the ketamine group and 33.3% in the placebo group. Children receiving ketamine had a lower incidence of emergence agitation, with an odds ratio being 0.23 (95% confidence interval: 0.11 to 0.46), certainty of evidence: low. In comparison with the placebo, ketamine group achieved a lower postoperative pain score (odds ratio: −2.42, 95% confidence interval: −4.23 to −0.62, certainty of evidence: very low) and lower pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale at 5 minutes after operation (odds ratio: −3.99, 95% confidence interval: −5.03 to −2.95; certainty of evidence: moderate). However, no evidence was observed in terms of incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, desaturation, and laryngospasm.ConclusionIn this meta‐analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials, high degree of heterogeneity and low certainty of evidence limit the recommendations of ketamine for the prevention of emergence agitation in children undergoing surgery or imaging procedures. However, the use of ketamine is well‐tolerated without any notable adverse effects across all the included trials.PROSPERO registrationCRD42019131865.
Building an International Community of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists: An interview with Dr Edward Sumner
Authors: Friesen Robert H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDr Edward Sumner (1940) enjoyed a remarkably productive career as consultant pediatric anesthetist at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. His leadership in clinical care helped his department rise to eminence. He trained hundreds of registrars in pediatric anesthesia and educated thousands more through invited lectures and by co‐editing leading textbooks of neonatal and pediatric anesthesia. During his long tenure as Editor‐in‐Chief of Pediatric Anesthesia, he led the growth of the young journal to prominence. Based on an interview and a long‐standing professional and personal friendship of forty‐four years, this article reviews Ted Sumner's outstanding contributions to the specialty of pediatric anesthesia and to the development of a strong international community of pediatric anesthesiologists.
Combined ipilimumab and nivolumab first‐line and after BRAF‐targeted therapy in advanced melanoma
Authors: Mason Robert , Dearden Helen C. , Nguyen Bella , Soon Jennifer A. , Smith Jessica Louise , Randhawa Manreet , Mant Andrew , Warburton Lydai , Lo Serigne , Meniawy Tarek , Guminski Alexander , Parente Phillip , Ali Sayed , Haydon Andrew , Long Georgina V. , Carlino Matteo S. , Millward Michael , Atkinson Victoria G. , Menzies Alexander M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab is a highly active systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma but can cause significant toxicity. We explore the safety and efficacy of this treatment in routine clinical practice, particularly in the setting of serine/threonine‐protein kinase B‐Raf (BRAF)‐targeted therapy. Consecutive patients with unresectable stage IIIC/IV melanoma commenced on ipilimumab and nivolumab across 10 tertiary melanoma institutions in Australia were identified retrospectively. Data collected included demographics, response and survival outcomes. A total of 152 patients were included for analysis, 39% were treatment‐naïve and 22% failed first‐line BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 67% of patients, grade 3–5 in 38%. The overall objective response rate was 41%, 57% in treatment‐naïve and 21% in BRAF/MEK failure patients. Median progression‐free survival was 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.0–6.0) in the whole cohort, 11.0 months (95% CI, 6.0‐NR) in treatment‐naïve and 2.0 months (95% CI, 1.4–4.6) in BRAF/MEK failure patients. The combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab can be used safely and effectively in a real‐world population. While first‐line efficacy appears comparable to trial populations, BRAF‐mutant patients failing prior BRAF/MEK inhibitors show less response.