bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability feedback–aided low‐complexity detection in uplink massive MIMO systems
Authors: Datta Arijit , Mandloi Manish , Bhatia Vimal 
Published: August 2019

SummaryMassive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) plays a crucial role in realizing the demand for higher data rates and improved quality of service for 5G and beyond communication systems. Reliable detection of transmitted information bits from all the users is one of the challenging tasks for practical implementation of massive‐MIMO systems. The conventional linear detectors such as zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) achieve near‐optimal bit error rate (BER) performance. However, ZF and MMSE require large dimensional matrix inversion which induces high computational complexity for symbol detection in such systems. This motivates for devising alternate low‐complexity near‐optimal detection algorithms for uplink massive‐MIMO systems. In this work, we propose an ordered sequential detection algorithm that exploits the concept of reliability feedback for achieving near‐optimal performance in uplink massive‐MIMO systems. In the proposed algorithm, symbol corresponding to each user is detected in an ordered sequence by canceling the interference from all the other users, followed by reliability feedback‐based decision. Incorporation of the sequence ordering and the reliability feedback‐based decision enhances the interference cancellation, which reduces the error propagation in sequential detection, and thus, improves the BER performance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms recently reported massive‐MIMO detection techniques in terms of BER performance. In addition, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is substantially lower than that of the existing algorithms for the same BER. This indicates that the proposed algorithm exhibits a desirable trade‐off between the complexity and the performance for massive‐MIMO systems.
Exploiting secure performance in power domain–based multiple access: Impacts of relay link/direct link and secure analysis
Authors: Do Dinh‐Thuan , Nguyen Minh‐Sang Van , Hoang Thi‐Anh 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA new design of secure nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) deployed together with cooperative relaying network is investigated in two modes including direct link and relay link. This paper proposes a mathematical analysis under secrecy considerations of a downlink two‐user NOMA systems. In particular, physical layer security of NOMA is studied in two specific metrics to achieve secure performance analysis such as the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC). It should be further explored the situation as the illegal user which is assumed to be eavesdropper at the information level, it attempts to decode the information intended to legal users while NOMA scheme is employed for legal users. The transmission techniques of NOMA equipping relaying architecture (dual‐hop transmission) have proposed due to improving the spectrum efficiency greatly compared with the traditional single‐hop networks. Finally, this study shows the advantages of NOMA over the traditional orthogonal multiple access in the studied problems analytically and numerical analysis is further provided. As important achievement, new exact and closed‐form expressions of the SOP and SPSC are derived, and they will be confirmed by simulation, ie, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the proposed analytical results. Ultimately, the effects of some critical factors are studied on secure performance through these simulation results.
The mycobiome of Australian tree hollows in relation to the Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans species complexes
Authors: Schmertmann Laura J. , Irinyi Laszlo , Malik Richard , Powell Jeff R. , Meyer Wieland , Krockenberger Mark B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans species complexes. The C. gattii species complex has a strong environmental association with eucalypt hollows (particularly Eucalyptus camaldulensis), which may present a source of infection. It remains unclear whether a specific mycobiome is required to support its environmental survival and growth. Conventional detection of environmental Cryptococcus spp. involves culture on differential media, such as Guizotia abyssinica seed agar. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based culture‐independent identification aids in contextualising these species in the environmental mycobiome. Samples from 23 Australian tree hollows were subjected to both culture‐ and amplicon‐based metagenomic analysis to characterize the mycobiome and assess relationships between Cryptococcus spp. and other fungal taxa. The most abundant genera detected were Coniochaeta, Aspergillus, and Penicillium, all being commonly isolated from decaying wood. There was no correlation between the presence of Cryptococcus spp. in a tree hollow and the presence of any other fungal genus. Some differences in the abundance of numerous taxa were noted in a differential heat tree comparing samples with or without Cryptococcus‐NGS reads. The study expanded the known environmental niche of the C. gattii and C. neoformans species complexes in Australia with detections from a further five tree species. Discrepancies between the detection of Cryptococcus spp. using culture or NGS suggest that neither is superior per se and that, rather, these methodologies are complementary. The inherent biases of amplicon‐based metagenomics require cautious interpretation of data through consideration of its biological relevance.
Sensitive Determination of Acetaminophen in the Presence of Dopamine and Pyridoxine Facilitated by their Extent of Interaction with Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yadav Mamta , Ganesan Vellaichamy , Maiti Biswajit , Gupta Rupali , Sonkar Piyush Kumar , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar , Walcarius Alain 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were immobilized on glassy carbon (GC) electrode by drop casting The resulting modified electrode (represented as GC/SWCNTs) efficiently oxidizes acetaminophen (AC), dopamine (DA) and pyridoxine (PY) by decreasing the respective oxidation potentials and increasing peak currents in comparison to bare GC electrode. The extent of lowering of overpotentials is in the order of AC>PY>DA, in agreement with the order of decrease in the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap (ΔE) of these analytes, as determined from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. DFT calculations further reveal that due to the interaction of the analytes on the SWCNT(10,10) there is a negative charge density transfer (higher probability of electron transfer, lower ΔE value) to the frontier molecular orbitals of the analytes, which eases their oxidation. Since AC, DA and PY oxidize distinctly at distinct potential values, the present SWCNTs modified electrodes could be used to simultaneously determine them. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry techniques are utilized to understand the electrochemical characteristics of the analytes (AC, DA and PY) and subsequent sensing of them at the GC/SWCNTs electrode. The electrode is then applied to the determination of AC as a case study. Sensitivity, detection limit and linear calibration range for the AC are found to be 7.9 μA μM−1 cm−2, 1.1 μM and 2.0–100.0 μM, respectively. The increased electroactive surface area of the GC/SWCNTs increases the oxidation peak currents and hence increases the sensitivity of the determination.
Voltammetry as the First Method for Direct Determination of a Novel Antagonist of A2A Adenosine Receptors
Authors: Tyszczuk‐Rotko Katarzyna , Sztanke Małgorzata , Sasal Agnieszka , Sztanke Krzysztof 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, for the first time, the analytical method for determination of a novel antagonist of A2A adenosine receptors (8‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐4,6,7,8‐tetrahydroimidazo[2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine‐3‐carbohydrazide, namely IMT), which can be used as a drug for liver diseases, was presented. For this purpose a commercially available boron‐doped diamond electrode (BDDE) in combination with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied. It was found by cyclic voltammetry (CV) that IMT displays at BDDE, as a sensor, two well‐defined oxidation peaks at potentials of 0.81 and 1.18 V and one reduction peak at 1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 mol L−1 acetate buffer (pH 4.5±0.1). The oxidation and reduction mechanism of IMT was proposed. The developed DPV method allowed the successful determination of IMT in the range of 0.05–50 μmol L−1 with detection limit equal to 0.0094 μmol L−1 and without any chemical modifications and electrochemical pretreatment of the electrode surface. The proposed procedure allows the determination of IMT in vitro directly from urine samples.
A Fast and Simple Ozone‐mediated Method towards Highly Activated Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes as Versatile Electroanalytical Tools
Authors: González‐Sánchez María Isabel , Romero‐Llapa María Isabel , Gómez‐Monedero Beatriz , Jiménez‐Pérez Rebeca , Iniesta Jesús , Valero Edelmira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA facile and effective electrochemical activation method of screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) has been performed using ozone gas. Activated SPCEs showed relevant improvements in the electrochemical properties such as an impedance reduction and better electroanalytical outcomes. Such improved properties were attributed to the increase of the electroactive surface area and the functionalization of the electrode surface with carbon‐oxygen groups onto the carbonaceous ink surface. The optimized activation method consisted in the performance of a voltammetric cycle between −2 and 2 V at 10 mV s−1 in 0.1 M NaOH solution with constant ozone gas bubbling. This activation procedure takes 12 min, which allows its use routinely prior to the electrode modifications and electroanalytical measurements. The resulting activated SPCEs exhibited superior sensitivities towards hydrogen peroxide, acetaminophen, hydroquinone and dopamine. This methodology might be considered as a strategy to attain SPCEs with improved electroanalytical properties for multiple applications.
Energy‐efficient source location privacy protection for network lifetime maximization against local eavesdropper in wireless sensor network (EeSP)
Authors: Jan Naveed , Khan Sarmadullah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWireless sensor networks can be deployed in harsh environments for monitoring purposes. In such environments where there is a lack of human presence, the network may face severe security and privacy issues due to unauthorized access of a powerful attacker. The attacker may exploit the contextual information to locate the position of the asset. We propose a scheme for protecting the location of the source node, which consumes less energy hence maximizing network lifetime. The proposed scheme has the inspiration of black and white regions of the chessboard, which represent sleep and active regions in the wireless sensor network. This alternation plays its role in reducing the total energy consumption along misguiding the eavesdropper from finding the source node location. Our scheme uses dynamic cluster head selection to further add to location privacy. The results show that we have improved the safety period by a maximum of 131% and a minimum of 17% than that of the compared techniques. Similarly, a maximum of 60% reduction in energy consumption and a 20% reduction in latency is recorded by our proposed scheme. These results make our scheme suitable for application requiring high‐safety period along maximizing network lifetime.
Low‐Voltage Oscillatory Neurons for Memristor‐Based Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Hua Qilin , Wu Huaqiang , Gao Bin , Zhang Qingtian , Wu Wei , Li Yujia , Wang Xiaohu , Hu Weiguo , Qian He 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeuromorphic systems consisting of artificial neurons and synapses can process complex information with high efficiency to overcome the bottleneck of von Neumann architecture. Artificial neurons are essentially required to possess functions such as leaky integrate‐and‐fire and output spike. However, previous reported artificial neurons typically have high operation voltage and large leakage current, leading to significant power consumption, which is contrary to the energy‐efficient biological model. Here, an oscillatory neuron based on Ag filamentary threshold switching memristor (TS) that has a low operation voltage (<0.6 V) with ultralow power consumption (<1.8 µW) is presented. It can trigger neuronal functions, including leaky integrate‐and‐fire and threshold‐driven spiking output, with high endurance (>108 cycles). Being connected to an external resistor or a resistive switching memristor (RS) as synaptic weight, the TS clearly demonstrates self‐oscillation behavior once the input pulse voltage exceeds the threshold voltage. Meanwhile, the oscillation frequency is proportional to the input pulse voltage and the conductance of RS synapse, which can be used to integrate the weighted sum current. As an energy‐efficient memristor‐based spiking neural network, this combination of TS oscillatory neuron with RS synapse is further evaluated for image recognition achieving an accuracy of 79.2 ± 2.4% for CIFAR‐10 subset.
Overprinting by episodic mineralization in the Dongyaozhuang gold deposit, Wutai Mountain, China: Constraints from geology, mineralogy, and fluid inclusions
Authors: Liu Yi‐Ping , Zhang Hua‐Feng , Wang Chun‐Liang 
Published: August 2019

The Archean volcanic‐sedimentary rocks (greenstones) hosting the Dongyaozhuang (DYZ) gold deposit are situated in the Wutai Mountain, north‐central China. Field geology and mineral assemblages show at least two episodes of mineralization. The first episode features deformed quartz‐pyrite veins filling in the regional foliation (MI, Paleoproterozoic) and can be divided into two stages (MIa and MIb) based on whether the mineralization is accompanied by tourmalinization. The mineral assemblages are mainly quartz + carbonate + pyrite + chalcopyrite (+ tourmaline for MIb); both are cut by deformed barren quartz veins, which represent the final stage of MI. The second episode features undeformed stockworks/veinlets with a mineral assemblage of quartz + carbonate + pyrite + chalcopyrite + arsenopyrite ± native gold (MIIa), crosscutting MI; these ore bodies are also cut through by undeformed barren carbonate and/or quartz veins (MIIb), which represent the end of metallogeny. By integrating the crustal evolution history with ore geology, we suggest that the DYZ gold deposit is a product by overprinting of episodic mineralization rather than a single metallogenic event. For further understanding and evidence in support of this speculation, fluid inclusions and hydrothermal chlorite and biotite were studied to reveal the physicochemical conditions of fluids from various stages, and C‐H‐O isotopes were used to trace the source(s) of fluids. Temperatures recorded in chlorite from various stages C1 (from the MIa), C2 (MIb), and C3 (MIIa) generally agrees with the homogenization temperatures of aqueous type fluid inclusions (FIs) of corresponding stages. Components of FIs from each stage are dominated by water with low salinities (0–12.6 wt% NaCl equiv). The Ib‐1, Ib‐2, and Ib‐s type CO2‐H2O FIs observed from the same deformed quartz vein of the MIb can be attributed to overprinting of hydrothermal fluids. The primary Ib‐1 and Ib‐2 FIs (209–404°C) were trapped at pressures of approximately 2.2–3.7 kbar, representing the formation pressure of the MI stage, whereas the secondary Ib‐s FIs (240–349°C) were trapped at pressures of approximately 0.8–1.5 kbar, which indicates overprinting induced by MII. The C‐H‐O isotope compositions of quartz and carbonates from MIa, MIb, and MIIa can be interpreted to indicate that the fluids were derived from the same source with multistage evolution or to reflect a homogeneous signature induced with overprinting mineralization. According to the geology, mineral assemblages, component of fluid inclusions, and C‐H‐O isotopes, the DYZ gold deposit is likely to be a product of overprinting of an orogenic gold deposit.
Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition (BASIC)—Validation of a new dementia case‐finding instrument integrating cognitive assessment with patient and informant report
Authors: Jørgensen Kasper , Nielsen T. Rune , Nielsen Ann , Waldorff Frans Boch , Høgh Peter , Jakobsen Søren , Gottrup Hanne , Vestergaard Karsten , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a new brief and accurate case‐finding instrument for dementia and cognitive impairment. Previous research indicates that combining cognitive tests with informant and/or patient report may improve accuracy in dementia case‐finding. The Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition (BASIC) integrates these three sources of information.MethodsBASIC was prospectively validated in five memory clinics. Patients consecutively referred from general practice were tested at their initial visit prior to diagnosis. Control participants were primarily recruited among participating patients' relatives. Expert clinical diagnosis was subsequently used as gold standard for estimation of the classification accuracy of BASIC.ResultsA very high discriminative validity (specificity 0.98, sensitivity 0.95) for dementia (n = 122) versus socio‐demographically matched control participants (n = 109) was found. In comparison, the MMSE had 0.90 specificity and 0.82 sensitivity. Extending the discriminative validity analysis to cognitive impairment (both dementia and MCI, n = 162) only slightly reduced the discriminative validity of BASIC whereas the discriminative validity of the MMSE was substantially attenuated. Administration time for BASIC was approximately 5 minutes compared with 10 to 15 minutes for the MMSE.ConclusionsBASIC was found to be an efficient and valid case‐finding instrument for dementia and cognitive impairment in a memory clinic setting.
The neural correlates of “mind blanking”: When the mind goes away
Authors: Kawagoe Toshikazu , Onoda Keiichi , Yamaguchi Shuhei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMind blanking (MB) is the state where our minds are seemingly “nowhere,” and attention calls no perceptual input into conscious awareness. It is little investigated, perhaps partly because it is difficult to detect the mysterious periods of blanking. In this study, we found that our participants could intentionally produce a state of MB whose neural correlates were deactivation of Broca's area and parts of the default mode network (namely, the hippocampus) which would be active during mind wandering (MW), in addition to activity in another region in the default mode network (namely, anterior cingulate cortex). Because the behavioral finding replicates a previous report of ours, we suggest that the simple instructions that we used to induce MB should be effective. From the neuroimaging data, we conclude that we cannot define the content of our thoughts during MB because our inner speech system does not work at that time. Another possibility is that we actually think of nothing in the MB state. Although more sophisticated studies would be needed to uncover the mechanism of such a phenomenon, the present study provides a methodology and clues for understanding MB and related concepts such as MW, awareness, and metacognitive ability.
LBM simulation of forced convective channel flow containing multiple obstacles: Effects of obstacles height and position
Authors: Bala Shujit Kumar , Saha Litan Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine the effects of the obstacles, height, and position on the forced convective flow in a channel having three obstacles on the lower wall of the channel. All the walls of the channel and obstacles are retained at a constant temperature while the fluid with temperature more than the walls are entered into the channel. The flow governing equations, vorticity equation, and energy equation are solved numerically by using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) together with the finite difference successive over relaxation method (SOR). The effects of obstacles height, h, and distance, d, between the obstacles on the streamlines and isotherms are presented. To investigate the heat transfer rate for changing the height and position of the obstacles, local Nusselt number distribution and the mean Nusselt number distribution are also presented. It is observed that vortices, produced backward to each obstacle, increase axially with increasing the height of each obstacle. Also vortices, produced between obstacles, change its shape with decreasing the distance between obstacles. It is asserted that heat transfer rate can be increased by extending only the height of first obstacle.
Automated rainfall simulator for variable rainfall on urban green areas
Authors: Nielsen Kristoffer T. , Moldrup Per , Thorndahl Søren , Nielsen Jesper E. , Duus Lene B. , Rasmussen Søren H. , Uggerby Mads , Rasmussen Michael R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRainfall simulators can enhance our understanding of the hydrologic processes affecting the total runoff to urban drainage systems. This knowledge can be used to improve urban drainage designs. In this study, a rainfall simulator is developed to simulate rainfall on urban green surfaces. The rainfall simulator is controlled by a microcomputer programmed to replicate the temporal variations in rainfall intensity of both historical and synthetic rainfall events with constant rainfall intensity on an area of 1 m2. The performance of the rainfall simulator is tested under laboratory conditions with regard to spatial uniformity of the rainfall, the kinetic energy of the raindrops, and the ability to replicate historical and synthetic rainfall events with temporally varying intensity. The rainfall simulator is applied in the field to evaluate its functionality under field conditions and the influence of wind on simulated rainfall. Finally, a field study is carried out on the relationship between runoff, soil volumetric water content, and surface slope. Performance and field tests show that the simulated rainfall has a uniform spatial distribution, whereas the kinetic energy of the raindrops is slightly higher than that of other comparable rainfall simulators. The rainfall simulator performs best in low wind speed conditions. The simulator performs well in replicating historical and synthetic rainfall events by matching both intensity variations and accumulated rainfall depth. The field study shows good correlation between rainfall, runoff, infiltration, soil water content, and surface slope.
Predictive factors for successful peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and collection in children
Authors: Truong Tony H. , Prokopishyn Nicole L. , Luu Henry , Guilcher Gregory M. T. , Lewis Victor A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFactors affecting the success of peripheral blood stem cell collection (SCC) in children are not well characterized. We reviewed 218 stem cell collections among 199 pediatric donors, of which 35 were from healthy sibling donors and 164 were for autologous collections. Successful SCC, defined as a CD34+ cell count of ≥2 × 106/kg of recipient weight per intended transplant, occurred in 188 of 199 donors (94%). Ideal SCC defined ≥5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg of recipient per intended transplant, occurred in 147 (74%) patients. Failure of collection occurred in 11 (6%) patients and was significantly associated with an autologous collection for a brain tumor diagnosis (P = .003) and a pre‐apheresis peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ count <20 × 106 cells/L (P = .002). Ideal SCC was significantly associated with age < 10 years (P = .01) and pre‐apheresis PB‐CD34+ count ≥20 × 106 cells/L (P < .0001). Factors associated with failure of SCC may be identified in advance of the collection procedure allowing appropriate counselling of patients as well as anticipatory guidance for multiple collections or justify the preemptive use of stem cell mobilizing agents.