bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiphoton Microscopy: A Feasability Study to Explore the Potential Intraoperative Tool for TURBT Diagnosis
Authors: Treacy Patrick-Julien , Durand Matthieu , Dovey Zach S. , Jain Manu , Sfakianos John , Mehrazin Reza , Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Martini Alberto , Wajswol Ethan , Wagaskar Vinayak , Barthe Flora , Chevallier Daniel , Cabal Rafael , Tzavaras Nikos , Thanigasalam Ruban , Leslie Scott , Walz Jochen , Tewari Ashutosh K. , Wiklund Peter 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a nonlinear optical imaging technology, allowing process-free imaging of fresh tissue up to a depth of 0.5 mm, with a combined signal of autofluorescence and second harmonic generation. The absence of bladder muscle in a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) increases risk of residual disease, recurrence, and understaging, and an intraoperative assessment of resection depth and margins may avoid unnecessary second TURBTs.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of MPM in the real-time detection of bladder muscle in cold cup biopsies of patients undergoing TURBT.

Methods:
This was a prospective feasibility study. Cold cup biopsies were taken intraoperatively from the resection bed during TURBT. Tissue was stored in phosphate buffered saline solution combined with fluorescent dyes (orange acridine and rhodamine). MPM imaging of the tissue was performed first, with z stack images of 100 µm maximum depth for 3D imaging. After MPM imaging, tissue was fixed in formalin and sent to the biorepository for standard histopathology. A descriptive analysis was performed between MPM tissue detection and final histopathology results.

Results:
Ten patients were included in this pilot study. Tissue was properly imaged for all patients, although 3 of them had artifacts, and we detected 5 times muscularis propria on MPM imaging. MPM average procedure time from biopsy to formalin fixation (MPM imaging) was 16.2 minutes (12-20 minutes). On final pathology, resection depth was correctly performed for only 4 patients of 10 (resection including bladder muscle). We found an 80% sensitivity on resection depth between first layer identified on MPM and final pathology (8/10 patients) and 100% correlation with final histopathology in specimens for the assessment of detrusor muscle.

Conclusions:
This study supports the use of MPM as a novel intraoperative tool which can evaluate cold cup biopsies during TURBT for resection depth and potentially avoid unnecessary second look procedure.
Integrating Broad Panel Somatic and Germline Testing in Prostate Cancer Care
Authors: Henderson R. Jonathan , Bailey Robert A. , Khilfeh Ibrahim , Reilly Jacqueline , Svoboda Kyra , Waterhouse David 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Genetic testing, including germline and tumor testing, using broad panel-based approaches has transformed treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer. Despite guideline consensus that all men with metastatic prostate cancer should undergo tumor testing to identify mutations, suboptimal testing rates diminish the impact genetic testing can have on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. This article outlines the various barriers to clinical adoption and implementation of broad panel genetic testing in the prostate cancer care continuum and opportunities for addressing these challenges.

Methods:
A landscape assessment and literature review were conducted across medical databases as well as oncologic and urologic websites to assess the current guidelines and state of broad panel genetic testing in prostate cancer.

Results:
There are numerous barriers and clinical practice gaps that hinder implementation and integration of broad panel somatic and germline testing in prostate cancer clinical care. Identified areas of concern include patient identification, test ordering considerations, cost and payer coverage, sample collection, genetic education and interpretation of test results, and social inequities. These barriers have prevented guideline concordance and optimal care for patients with prostate cancer.

Conclusions:
Overall outcomes significantly improve for patients whose treatments are tailored to findings from genetic testing. The development of comprehensive care pathways that close clinical care gaps is necessary to ensure the continued optimization of broad panel genetic testing.
Lipid-lowering therapy after acute coronary syndromes: a multinational European survey
Authors: Tsaban Gal , Perez Rafael Vidal , Krychtiuk Konstantin A. , Ahrens Ingo , Halvorsen Sigrun , Hassager Christian , Huber Kurt , Schiele Francois , Sionis Alessandro , Claeys Marc J. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Recent guidelines on acute coronary syndromes (ACS) recommend initiating lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) as early as possible to obtain >50% low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) reduction and an LDL-c < 1.4 mmol/l.

Methods
A multinational European survey study of ACS patients between 2021–2022 and acquired data on LLT and lipid levels on admission and during 1-year posthospitalization. We compared plasma lipid changes and adherence to post-ACS lipid targets across two in-hospital LLT groups: high-intensity statin (HIS) monotherapy (mono-HIS) and a combination of HIS and ezetimibe (combo-HIS).

Results
Of 286 patients, 268 (94%) received in-hospital HIS and were included in the final analysis. Patients (median age: 61.1 years) had a median baseline LDL-c of 3.3 mmol/l. Mono-HIS was the predominant in-hospital LLT (72.4%). In-hospital combo-HIS was administered in 27.6% of the cases. Patients from high-income countries (n = 141) were more likely to receive in-hospital combo-HIS than patients from middle-income countries [n = 127; 38.3% vs. 15.7% patients, P < 0.001). One-year post-ACS, 50 (26.5%) patients from the mono-HIS group received ezetimibe. The target of LDL-c ≤ 55 mg/dl was reached in 85 patients (31.7%), without significant difference between study groups [mono-HIS: 56 (28.9%) and combo-HIS: 29 (39.2%) patients, P = 0.10]. The target of >50% reduction was achieved more frequently among the combo-HIS group than in the mono-HIS group (50.0% vs. 29.9%, respectively, P = 0.002).

Conclusion
LDL-c targets were achieved in less than half of the patients post-ACS, regardless of the LLT regimen. Combo-HIS was initiated in-hospital post-ACS in only 28% and was associated with greater LDL-c reduction compared to a staged approach of mono-HIS with up-titration at follow-up.
Navigating Nurse Wellness in Rural America
Authors: Robinson Karen R. , Gierach Michelle , Gramlick-Mueller Abigail , Smith Emily , Hickman Deborah , Holland Jordyn , Stow Martha , Tverstol Heather , Bartelt Samantha , McDaniel Becky , Wiik Jennifer , Ferguson Anna Kay 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study's phase 1 was to determine the current wellness levels of RNs in rural America settings, including barriers to maintain and recommendations for wellness.

BACKGROUND
Nurses are experiencing more anxiety and burnout currently than prepandemic. A review of literature revealed a gap in describing nurses' wellness and strategies to maintain wellness in rural American healthcare settings.

METHODS
The Integrative Health and Wellness Assessment (IHWA) V2 2022 holistically measured participants' wellness. The survey was deployed in 2023 to 6989 clinical nurses, nurse leaders, and advanced practice nurses.

RESULTS
The IHWA V2 2022 mean was 134.72. Significant findings included age, years of experience, and role. Barriers of insufficient time, work environment, and family responsibilities were identified. Recommendations involved the work environment, stress management, and healthy boundaries with suggestions to implement in rural settings.

CONCLUSION
Study findings can assist leaders to implement interventions that positively impact nurse wellness in rural settings. Interventions promoting wellness are essential for nurses to meet these same needs of their patients.
Efficacy and safety of a patent hemostatic device (PHD) with quantitative pressure for radial artery hemostasis: a first-in-human feasibility study
Authors: Tao Zhenhui , Wang Xiuying , Xu Sha , Zhuang Nanhui , Gao Lingling , Zheng Yimei , Cao Lijia , Zheng Bo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Hemostatic devices are commonly used after coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the transradial approach. However, radial artery occlusion (RAO) and bleeding still occur due to uncertainties regarding the hemostatic pressure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a patent hemostatic device (PHD) with individualized hemostatic pressure settings to mitigate the risks of RAO and bleeding.

Methods:
A single-center, prospective, feasibility study was conducted in patients undergoing CAG/PCI. Adults recruited from Peking University First Hospital received the PHD. RAO, bleeding, hematoma, compression time, self-reported syndromes (pain, numbness, and swelling), and other access complications were measured.

Results:
PHD was attempted in 11 participants with a mean age of 59.0±10.8 years, of whom 90.9% were male. The average hemostatic pressure after CAG/PCI was 141.8±19.5 mm Hg with a compression time of 210.0±72.3 minutes. None of the participants exhibited RAO. Three participants had errhysis, and one participant suffered minor bleeding. In total, 72.7% (8 of 11) participants achieved successful hemostasis within 3 hours. No moderate or severe pain, numbness, or swelling were observed.

Conclusions:
This study shows the feasibility of the novel PHD for radial hemostasis in a small cohort of patients. Considering the potential benefits, particularly the prevention of RAO, a larger sample size is needed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of the PHD.
Managing Low-Velocity Mandibular Gunshot Wounds: An Institutional Review and the “FLOSS” Severity Scoring System
Authors: Bourn Lynn , Slovacek Cedar , Lu Nathan , Pocha Ciri C. , Wilbert Hance , Chen Collin , Bernstein Michael , Chen Kevin 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
Management of mandibular ballistic trauma is poorly delineated, given the variable injury complexity. This study examines surgical outcomes and presents a novel scoring system to define and guide the management of low-velocity ballistic mandibular fractures.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed from 2015 to 2022 to collect data on patients who suffered ballistic mandibular fractures. Computerized tomography facial bone scans were analyzed to determine a mandible severity scoring based on the following “F.L.OS.S.” variables: fracture description (F), location of fracture (L), other surrounding fractures (OS), and soft tissue involvement (S).

Results:
Sixty-six patients suffered handgun-related mandibular fractures and 54 underwent surgical intervention. The mean FLOSS score was 7.9 for all surgical patients and significantly differed between treatment groups (P = 0.011). Certain injury-specific variables were significantly associated with higher FLOSS scores including >2 areas of comminution along load bearing, bony gap >10 mm, or intraoral involvement with soft tissue avulsion; however, the degree of displacement, bilateral involvement, or presence of concomitant fractures did not predict higher scores. The types of complications did not significantly vary for total FLOSS score or FLOSS subcategories; the only exception being, an association between bony gap (>10 mm) and hardware exposure (P = 0.045). Overall surgical complication rate was 26.9% and presence significantly varied between surgical treatments (P = 0.019); specifically, nonunion was the only significant subcategory (P = 0.030).

Conclusion:
The FLOSS scoring system may be a useful adjunct in defining fracture characteristics that guide appropriate surgical intervention for low-velocity ballistic mandibular injuries.
Hyaluronic Acid and Emergent Tissue Mechanics Orchestrate Digit Tip Regeneration
Authors: Mui Byron W.H. , Wong Joseph Y. , Bray Toni , Connolly Lauren , Wang Jia Hua , Winkel Alexander , Robey Pamela G. , Franze Kristian , Chalut Kevin J. , Storer Mekayla A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTissue regeneration is a dynamic process requiring coordinated cell fate decisions to restore structure and function. For instance, the tips of human and rodent digits fully regrow after amputation, although more proximal injuries fail to regenerate. While biochemical cues have been widely studied in wound healing, the role of the physical microenvironment remains less understood. Here, we discovered that tissue mechanics and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition differ markedly between non-regenerating and regenerating wounds. These differences are due to specific fibroblast sub-types which predominate in the non-regenerating wound and form fibrotic collagen networks. Conversely, bone-forming progenitors in regenerating digits synthesize abundant hyaluronic acid, which mediates collagen fibrillogenesis. By modeling the tissue mechanics of non-regenerative and regenerative wounds using hydrogels, we showed that substrate stiffness regulates the synthesis of fibrotic and regenerative ECM. We further revealed that mimicking the regenerative wound mechanics upregulated bone morphogenic protein signaling and osteogenic differentiation. We ultimately demonstrated that the link protein HAPLN1 promotes hyaluronic acid depositionin vivo, reduces scar formation, and induces bone repair after non-regenerative amputations. These findings emphasize the interplay among the ECM, tissue mechanics, and cell behavior in digit regeneration and point towards ECM modulation as a strategy to improve wound healing.HighlightsNon-regenerating and regenerating digit tips diverge in their cellular and ECM compositionRegeneration requires hyaluronic acid matrix, which mediates collagen assembly and tissue mechanicsSoft substrates enhance BMP signaling and propagate the synthesis of regenerative ECMHAPLN1 overexpression initiates rescue of non-regenerative digit tip amputations
No evidence that proteome composition is associated with realised thermal limit and dietary niche breadth in butterflies
Authors: Caron Fernanda S. , Pietras Zuzanna , Eddine-Lomas Arkan , von Hellfeld Rebecca , Morimoto Juliano 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAmino acids are the building blocks of proteins that perform essential physiological functions. Theory suggests that the proteome composition, the amino acid frequencies across all proteins in a genome, is associated with an organism’s optimal growth temperature, offering insights into species’ temperature limits. However, this hypothesis, based on prokaryotes, has not been tested in complex multicellular eukaryotes where many amino acids are strictly acquired through diet. Here, we analysed amino acid frequencies in the proteomes of orthologous and non-orthologous genes from 35 butterfly species to test for correlations with maximum observed temperatures and diet breadth. Using a comparative approach, we found no evidence that proteome composition correlates with temperature or diet breadth. Our findings suggest that animal proteome composition is likely shaped more strongly by energetic and biophysical constraints rather than by ecological factors.
Identification of disease-specific vulnerability states at the single-cell level
Authors: D’Antuono Matthew , Sharp Madison , Chowdary Rishika , Ivan Michael E. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Suter Robert K. , Ayad Nagi G. 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYExtensive intratumor heterogeneity in glioblastoma (GBM) impedes successful treatment and complicates drug discovery as it is not obvious which cells a tumor is most dependent on. Here, we posit that single-cell-resolution transcriptomic data can be integrated with loss-of-function screens to identify the most critical cells to target within a tumor. We parsed CRISPR screen data from the Dependency Map (DepMap) Consortium and identified a GBM Dependency Signature (GDS) − 168 genes that are essential for GBM cell viabilityin vitro. Through similarity scoring of GDS transcriptomic profiles in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and iterative hierarchical clustering, we identify and report here 3 single-cell vulnerability states (VS) characterized in 49 GBM tumors using both scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomic data. These VS reflect single-cell gene dependencies and differ significantly in enrichment profiles and spatial distributions. Importantly, the proportion of VS in each GBM tumor is variable, suggesting a means of stratifying patients in clinical trials. Collectively, we have developed a novel computational pipeline to identify unique vulnerability states in GBM and other cancers, which can be used to identify existing or novel drugs for incurable diseases.
Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolism reveals functional roles of redox homeostasis in low light and salt combined stress inLeymus chinensis
Authors: Li Jikai , Fang Suyang , Zhang Hailing , Iqbal Zubair , Shang Chen , Han Weibo , Huang Kai , Meng Xiangshen , Dai Muyuan , Lu Zhiheng , Guo Bingnan , Qu Mingnan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoil salinity (Salt) is one of the major limiting factors ofLeymus chinensis(named sheepgrass) performance and alters their primary metabolic process and gene expression. Salt stress could accelerate inhibitive effects concomitant with low light (LL-Salt). However, little is known about physiological and molecular mechanisms under such LL-Salt in sheepgrass. This study aims to uncover the key reprogrammed metabolic pathways induced by LL-Salt through an integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolism. Plant seedlings were exposed to six combinations of light intensity (moderate light, ML, and LL) and NaCl concentrations (0, 50, and 200mM) for 20 days. Results suggest that the growth of sheepgrass seedlings was dramatically inhibited with severe lodging phenotype, especially when exposed to LL-Salt combined conditions. Activities of an antioxidant enzyme, catalase, were significantly increased in LL but significantly decreased in salt stress, leading to a reverse pattern for H2O2 in LL and salt stress. Transcriptome analysis reveals 4921 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with carbon metabolism pathways were significantly enriched compared to light response without salt (ML_0 vs LL_0). There are 194 overlapped downregulated DEGs induced by two salt treatments (ML_50 vs ML_0 and ML_200 vs ML_0), where the carbon metabolism pathway was also significantly enriched. In terms of interactive effects of LL-Salt treatments, we found that there are 16 overlapped DEGs, including a phytochrome-interacting transcription factor 4 (PIF4) with upregulation in LL treatment while downregulation in salt treatment, which was validated by qPCR. Metabolism analysis confirmed that in carbon metabolism, the contents of seven differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs), including sucrose, were all downregulated in both LL and salt treatment. In contrast, serine and glycolate in the photorespiration pathway were downregulated in LL while upregulated in salt treatment. A photorespiration regulatory gene, glycolate oxidase expression, was confirmed by qPCR. Collectively, we found that serval antioxidant redox pathways, including photorespiration, GSG/GSSH redox, and ABA signaling, participated in response to LL and salt combined events and highlighted the roles of cellular redox homeostasis in LL-Salt response in sheepgrass.
Development and optimization of human deuterium MRSI at 3 T in the abdomen: feasibility in renal tumors following oral heavy water administration
Authors: McLean Mary A , Menih Ines Horvat , Wodtke Pascal , Kaggie Joshua D , Birchall Jonathan R , Schulte Rolf F , Grimmer Ashley , Latimer Elizabeth , Wylot Marta , Zamora Morales Maria J , Khan Alixander S , Wang Huanjun , Armitage James , Mitchell Thomas J , Stewart Grant D , Gallagher Ferdia A 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo establish and optimize abdominal deuterium MRSI in conjunction with orally administered2H-labelled molecules.MethodsA flexible transmit-receive surface coil was used to image naturally abundant deuterium signal in phantoms and healthy volunteers and after orally administered2H2O in a patient with a benign renal tumor (oncocytoma).ResultsWater and lipid peaks were fitted with high confidence from both unlocalized spectra and from voxels within the liver, kidney, and spleen on spectroscopic imaging. Artifacts were minimal despite the high2H2O concentration in the stomach immediately after ingestion, which can be problematic with the use of a volume coil.ConclusionWe have shown the feasibility of abdominal deuterium MRSI at 3 T using a flexible surface coil. Water measurements were obtained in healthy volunteers and images were acquired in a patient with a renal tumor after drinking2H2O. The limited depth penetration of the surface coil may have advantages in characterizing early uptake of orally administered agents in abdominal organs despite the high concentrations in the stomach which can pose challenges with other coil combinations.
Deep Chest: an artificial intelligence model for multi-disease diagnosis by chest x-rays
Authors: Bozcuk Hakan Şat , Artaç Mehmet , Uğrakli Muzaffer , Poyraz Necdet 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence is increasingly being used for analyzing image data in medicine.ObjectivesWe aimed to develop a computer vision artificial intelligence (AI) application using limited training material to aid in the multi-label, multi-disease diagnosis of chest X-rays.MethodsWe trained an EfficientNetB0 pre-trained model, leveraging transfer learning and deep learning techniques. Six thoracic disease categories were defined, and the model was initially trained on images sourced online and chest X-rays from a hospital database for training and internal validation. Subsequently, the model underwent external validation.ResultsIn constructing and validating Deep Chest, we utilized 453 images, achieving an area under curve (AUC) of 0.98, sensitivity of 0.98, specificity of 0.80, and accuracy of 0.83. Notably, for diagnosing masses or nodules, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.97, 0.81, and 0.83, respectively. We deployed Deep Chest as a free experimental web application.ConclusionsThis tool demonstrated high accuracy in diagnosing both single and coexisting pulmonary pathologies, including pulmonary masses or nodules. Deep Chest thus represents a promising AI-based solution for enhancing diagnostic capabilities in thoracic radiology, with the potential to be utilized across various medical disciplines, especially in scenarios where expert support is limited.