bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the screening and identification of the main flavonoids and their metabolites in rats after oral administration of Cirsium japonicum DC. extract
Authors: Zhang Xia , Liao Man , Cheng Xiaoye , Liang Caijuan , Diao Xinpeng , Zhang Lantong 
Published: May 2018

RationaleCirsium japonicum DC., a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to have anti‐haemorrhagic and anti‐tumour effects. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that this curative effect may be related to flavonoids. The present work aimed to screen and identify the main flavonoids and their corresponding metabolites in rats after oral administration of Cirsium japonicum DC. extract.MethodsA rapid and simple method based on ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF‐MS) was developed for the identification of the primary absorbing components and metabolites of the principal flavonoids. The absorbing components were first characterized, followed by the selection of representative constituents. In this study, the main flavonoids, pectolinarin, linarin and pectolinarigenin, were selected as templates to identify possible metabolites.ResultsA total of 27 metabolites were detected in rat blood, urine and bile samples. A hydrolysis reaction was the first step for pectolinarin and linarin, followed by oxidation and reduction reactions. However, phase II metabolites for pectolinarin and linarin were not detected. The primary biotransformation routes of pectolinarigenin were identified as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and glucuronide and glucose conjugation.ConclusionsThe metabolic pathways of pectolinarin, linarin and pectolinarigenin were summarized. This study not only proposed a practical strategy for rapidly screening and identifying metabolites but also provided useful information for further pharmacological studies and the design of new drugs based on Cirsium japonicum DC.
An improved least squares constant modulus algorithm for collision messages separation in multichannel space‐based AIS
Authors: Zhang Peixin , Wang Jianxin , Zhou Haosu , Ban Tian 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn space‐based automatic identification system, message collision is inevitable. To separate collision messages in multichannel space‐based automatic identification system, an improved least squares constant modulus algorithm (LSCMA) is proposed in this paper. The algorithm initializes LSCMA by using the result of complex symmetric fast independent component analysis and reduces the dimension of the received signal by using the minimum description length algorithm. At the same time, a new metric named failure rate is proposed to measure the separation performance. The simulation shows that the performance loss caused by the delay, the frequency and phase offset, and the input signal‐to‐interference ratio is within an acceptable range. The proposed algorithm outperforms the original LSCMA and other algorithms in terms of red packet error rate and failure rate.
Fewer Defects in the Surface Slows the Hydrolysis Rate, Decreases the ROS Generation Potential, and Improves the Non‐ROS Antimicrobial Activity of MgO
Authors: Anicˇić Nemanja , Vukomanović Marija , Koklicˇ Tilen , Suvorov Danilo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMagnesium oxide (MgO) is recognised as exhibiting a contact‐based antibacterial activity. However, a comprehensive study of the impact of atomic‐scale surface features on MgO's antibacterial activity is lacking. In this study, the nature and abundance of the native surface defects on different MgO powders are thoroughly investigated. Their impacts on the hydrolysis kinetics, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 47076), Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potential are determined and explained. It is shown that a reduction in the abundance of low‐coordinated oxygen atoms on the surface of the MgO improves its resistance to both hydrolysis and antibacterial activity. The ROS generation potential, determined in‐situ using a fluorescence microplate assay and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, is not an inherent property of the studied MgO, rather it is a side product of hydrolysis (only for the most highly defected MgO particles) and/or a consequence of the MgO/bacteria interaction. The evaluation of the mutual correlations of the hydrolysis, the antibacterial activity and the ROS generation, with their origin in the surface defects' peculiarities, led to the conclusion that the acid/base reaction between the MgO surface and the bacterial wall contributes considerably to the MgO's antibacterial activity.
Endoplasmic Reticulum–Targeted Fluorescent Nanodot with Large Stokes Shift for Vesicular Transport Monitoring and Long‐Term Bioimaging
Authors: Shi Leilei , Gao Xihui , Yuan Wangzhang , Xu Li , Deng Hongping , Wu Chenwei , Yang Jiapei , Jin Xin , Zhang Chuan , Zhu Xinyuan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, a highly stable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorescent nanodot assembled by an amphiphilic quinoxalinone derivative‐peptide conjugate, namely Quino‐1‐Fmoc‐RACR (also termed as Q1‐PEP), which exhibits large Stokes shift and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐targeting capacity for bioimaging is reported. It is found that the resulting nanodot can effectively enter the ER with high fluorescent emission. As the ER is mainly involved in the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi or lysosomes, the Q1‐PEP nanodot with ER‐targeting capacity can be used to monitor vesicular transport inside the cells. Compared to conventional fluorescent dyes with small Stokes shifts, the self‐assembled fluorescent nanodot shows superior resistance to photobleaching and aggregation‐induced fluorescence quenching, and elimination of the spectra overlap with autofluorescence of biosubstrate owning to their AIE‐active and red fluorescence emission characteristics. All these optical properties make the fluorescent nanodot suitable for noninvasive and long‐term imaging both in vitro and in vivo.
Unique Tube–Ring Interactions: Complexation of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes
Authors: Miki Koji , Saiki Kenzo , Umeyama Tomokazu , Baek Jinseok , Noda Takeru , Imahori Hiroshi , Sato Yuta , Suenaga Kazu , Ohe Kouichi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) interlocked by cyclic compounds through supramolecular interaction are promising rotaxane‐like materials applicable as 2D and 3D networks of nanowires and disease‐specific theranostic agents having multifunctionalities. Supramolecular complexation of CNTs with cyclic compounds in a “ring toss'' manner is a straightforward method to prepare interlocked CNTs; however, to date, this has not been reported on. Here, the “ring toss” method to prepare interlocked CNTs by using π‐conjugated carbon nanorings: [8]‐, [9]‐, and [10]cycloparaphenyleneacetylene (CPPA) is reported. CPPAs efficiently interact with CNTs to form CNT@CPPA complexes, while uncomplexed CPPAs can be recovered without decomposition. CNTs, which tightly fit in the cavities of CPPAs through convex–concave interaction, efficiently afford “tube‐in‐ring”‐type CNT@CPPA complexes. “Tube‐in‐ring”‐type and “ring‐on‐tube”‐type complexation modes are successfully distinguished by spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and microscopic analyses.
Ecological modernization and responses for a low‐carbon future in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries
Authors: Al‐Saidi Mohammad , Elagib Nadir Ahmed 
Published: May 2018

Low‐carbon development is a challenging endeavor for many fossil fuels exporting nations around the world, and is especially important in light of the recent Paris Agreement on climate change. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been adopting innovations and policies in order to diversify their economies and decrease environmental degradation. After decades of high demographic and economic growth, balancing ecological concerns and the need for more dynamic growth have now become cornerstones of those countries' national, urban, and infrastructure planning strategies. This review article introduces the ecological modernization in the GCC region through innovations and reforms. Such a pathway might be a viable model for other oil‐ and gas‐rich economies. The review outlines the current model in the GCC region for achieving a low‐carbon future through interventions in the built environment, deployment of renewables, technological investments, and gradual integration in knowledge‐intensive global industries. On the other hand, the review points to mixed results with regards to megaprojects and the still existing barriers to adoption of renewables. The obstacles in addressing large environmental footprints and fossil fuel dependency are evaluated. Overall, modernization policies in the Gulf region are still emerging, are rather supply‐side focused, and are implicitly driven by the idea of technological primacy. At the same time, in an effort to develop local capacities, policymakers seek to promote comparatively high‐potential sectors and maintain the region's global image as a crossroads of trade and modernity.This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand
Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews
Comparison of 2 vegetation height methods for assessing greater sage‐grouse seasonal habitat
Authors: Di Stefano Sean , Karl Jason W. , Mccord Sarah E. , Stauffer Nelson G. , Makela Paul D. , Manning Mary 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe 2015 Sage‐Grouse Habitat Assessment Framework (HAF) was developed to evaluate habitat quality for sage‐grouse (Centrocercus spp.), with the greater sage‐grouse (C. urophasianus) as the primary focus of HAF evaluations and basis of the indicators in the HAF. Site‐scale assessments of sage‐grouse habitat can be completed using either data collection methods described in the HAF or core methods adopted by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management's Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) program. However, there is a discrepancy in how vegetation height is measured between HAF and AIM methods, which has led to confusion as to which protocol should be used and if the AIM height method is compatible with the HAF for habitat assessments. Our objective was to use simulations and data from multiple study areas to determine how often differences between the 2 methods would result in a different determination of quality for the vegetation‐height habitat indicator. We confirmed that the AIM method generally yields lower estimates of height than the HAF method because it estimates mean vegetation height whereas the HAF method estimates mean maximum height (d = 0.031). However, differences between methods at the plot level most often were not substantial enough to lead to a different conclusion about the HAF vegetation‐height indicator for habitat quality. There is value in implementing the AIM method because it is widely used for other monitoring purposes, and slight modifications to the AIM technique (i.e., increasing measurement frequency, adding measurements for both grasses and forbs) could improve usefulness for sage‐grouse habitat assessments. © 2018 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Asymptotic behavior of weakly dissipative Bresse‐Timoshenko system on influence of the second spectrum of frequency
Authors: Almeida Júnior D. S. , Ramos A. J. A. , Santos M. L. , R.M. L. Gutemberg 
Published: May 2018

In the present work, we consider a dissipative Bresse‐Timoshenko type system, which is free of physical anomaly know as second spectrum of frequency according important observations made by Elishakoff et al.,[11–13] and we establish a new result of exponential decay. We prove that frictional damping acting on vertical displacement of this system is exponentially stable regardless the equality between velocities of wave propagation. This result is new and completely different from ones obtained by Almeida Júnior et al.[4] for the Timoshenko system with the same damping acting on vertical displacement. Our approach is strongly inspired in a recent result due to Almeida Júnior and Ramos[2] where the authors justified, from physical point of view, a classical and pioneering result due to Soufyane.[36] That is, the dissipative mechanism of frictional type acting on angular rotation of the Timoshenko system truncates the consequences of the second spectrum when the velocities of wave propagation are equal. Also, for dissipative Bresse‐Timoshenko systems which are free of the second spectrum, the exponential decay occurs regardless of any condition on coefficients of system. Based on the new results, it is demonstrated that the classical Bresse‐Timoshenko beam theory, as an overcomplicated theory, requires damping terms to eliminate the second spectrum.
Impact of Enteral Nutrition with an Immunomodulating Diet Enriched with Hydrolyzed Whey Peptide on Infection After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kamo Naoko , Kaido Toshimi , Hamaguchi Yuhei , Uozumi Ryuji , Okumura Shinya , Kobayashi Atsushi , Shirai Hisaya , Yagi Shintaro , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfection is a leading cause of death after liver transplantation (LT). Therefore, prevention of infection is crucial for improving outcomes after LT. We examined the impact of early enteral nutrition with an immunomodulating diet (IMD) enriched with hydrolyzed whey peptide (HWP) formulation on infection after living donor LT (LDLT), focusing on sarcopenia.MethodsThis study enrolled 279 consecutive patients who underwent primary LDLT at our institute between January 2008 and April 2015. Early enteral nutrition with the IMD enriched with HWP formulation and a conventional elemental diet were started within the first 24 h after surgery for 164 (IMD‐HWP) and 115 (conventional) patients. Sequential changes in nutritional parameters, and the incidences of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and bacteremia were compared between the IMD‐HWP and control groups. The comparison was made between those members of each group that did or did not exhibit sarcopenia. Risk factors for post‐transplant bacteremia were also assessed.ResultsPostoperative nutritional parameters and the incidence of ACR were comparable between the groups, except for the prealbumin level. The incidence of bacteremia was significantly lower in the IMD‐HWP group, and among patients without sarcopenia in the IMD‐HWP group compared with the conventional group (24.4 vs. 41.7%; P = 0.002 and 20.8 vs. 39.0%; P = 0.040, respectively). Independent risk factor for bacteremia comprised bleeding ≥10,000 mL (P = 0.025). In contrast, enteral nutrition without HWP formulation was not significantly associated with bacteremia. However, enteral nutrition without HWP formulation (P = 0.080), MELD scores (P = 0.097), and ABO incompatibility (P = 0.088) showed a trend toward increased incidence of bacteremia, although they did not reach statistical significance in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionPostoperative immunonutrition with an IMD enriched with HWP formulation was closely involved with post‐transplant bacteremia.
Phase Ib study of pevonedistat, a NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel, carboplatin and paclitaxel, or gemcitabine, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Lockhart A Craig , Bauer Todd M. , Aggarwal Charu , Lee Carrie B. , Harvey R Donald , Cohen Roger B. , Sedarati Farhad , Nip Tsz Keung , Faessel Hélène , Dash Ajeeta B. , Dezube Bruce J. , Faller Douglas V. , Dowlati Afshin 
Published: May 2018

Summary
Purpose This phase Ib study (NCT01862328) evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and efficacy of pevonedistat in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapies in patients with solid tumors. Methods Patients received pevonedistat with docetaxel (arm 1, n = 22), carboplatin plus paclitaxel (arm 2, n = 26), or gemcitabine (arm 3, n = 10) in 21-days (arms 1 and 2) or 28-days (arm 3) cycles. A lead-in cohort (arm 2a, n = 6) determined the arm 2 carboplatin dose. Dose escalation proceeded via continual modified reassessment. Results Pevonedistat MTD was 25 mg/m2 (arm 1) or 20 mg/m2 (arm 2); arm 3 was discontinued due to poor tolerability. Fifteen (23%) patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities during cycle 1 (grade ≥3 liver enzyme elevations, febrile neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia), managed with dose holds or reductions. Drug-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 95% of patients. Most common AEs included fatigue (56%) and nausea (50%). One drug-related death occurred in arm 3 (febrile neutropenia). Pevonedistat exposure increased when co-administered with carboplatin plus paclitaxel; no obvious changes were observed when co-administered with docetaxel or gemcitabine. Among 54 response-evaluable patients, two had complete responses (arm 2) and 10 had partial responses (three in arm 1, one in arm 2a, six in arm 2); overall response rates were 16% (arm 1) and 35% (arm 2). High ERCC1 expression correlated with clinical benefit in arm 2. Conclusion Pevonedistat with docetaxel or with carboplatin plus paclitaxel was tolerable without cumulative toxicity. Sustained clinical responses were observed in pretreated patients receiving pevonedistat with carboplatin and paclitaxel.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01862328.
Peer-to-Peer Collaboration Adds Value for Surgical Colleagues
Authors: Elbuluk Ameer M. , Ast Michael P. , Stimac Jeffrey D. , Banka Trevor R. , Abdel Matthew P. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2018

Background Peer-to-peer advisory among colleagues in orthopedic surgery is commonplace in academic medical centers. In the private practice setting, however, it becomes more difficult for surgeons to discuss complex cases among peers. Purpose/Questions We sought to study the effect of peer-to-peer mentorship on surgeons’ decision-making and on patient care across academic and private adult joint reconstruction practices via the use of group secured messages. Methods From 2013 to 2016, we established a messaging system that was compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) among five previous adult hip and knee reconstruction co-fellows in order to discuss complex cases. Data collected from each case included patient demographics (age and sex), history and physical examination, relevant imaging in orthogonal planes, and preliminary diagnosis and treatment plans. Data collected from group responses included nature of additional inquiries, literature citations, operative recommendations, and sample imaging of similar cases previously treated. Results The group consisted of two private practice surgeons and three academic surgeons. Data was collected on 283 cases discussed during the study period. None of the patients had any HIPAA violations. The mean number of reviewers who commented on a case was 2.4, with at least one response in 97% of cases. In 33% of the cases, the peers confirmed the initial treatment plan, and in 67% of the cases, an alternative treatment plan was recommended and executed. The case distribution was 94 primary and 189 revision procedures, including 173 hips, 103 knees, three ankles, two shoulders, and two pelvises. Conclusion In the majority of cases exchanged between young surgeons via a group messaging system, a significant impact on patient care was appreciated. In a technology-driven era, peer-to-peer advisory for difficult cases via a rapid feedback method may allow for substantial improvement in patient care, particularly for surgeons not practicing at a large academic medical center with access to several partners and multiple opinions.
Droplet Evolution and Refinement During Liquid–Liquid Decomposition of Zn-6 Wt Pct Bi Immiscible Alloy Under High Static Magnetic Fields
Authors: Zheng Tianxiang , Zhong Yunbo , Wang Jiang , Ren Zhongming , Ren Weili , Lei Zuosheng , Debray Francois , Beaugnon Eric , Wei Xicheng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

In situ solidification experiments on Zn-6 wt pct Bi immiscible alloys were conducted to investigate the droplet evolution under high static magnetic fields (HSMFs). The results showed that a microstructure with extremely fine Bi-rich particles distributed in the matrix can be obtained under an HSMF of 29 T. The average diameter of the Bi-rich phase decreased with the increasing magnetic flux density. Stokes sedimentation disappeared when the HSMF was larger than 18 T. Starting at an HSMF of 18 T, Bi-rich droplets grew via pure diffusion in the liquid matrix. The HSMF decreased the spacing of the droplet arrays when the cooling rate (R) was approximately 1600 °C/min. The formation of a Zn-rich phase surrounded by a Bi-rich shell at HSMFs below 18 T, when R was approximately 60 °C/min, was attributed to the thermoelectric magnetic force.
Birth Intervals and Health in Adulthood: A Comparison of Siblings Using Swedish Register Data
Authors: Barclay Kieron J. , Kolk Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA growing body of research has examined whether birth intervals influence perinatal outcomes and child health as well as long-term educational and socioeconomic outcomes. To date, however, very little research has examined whether birth spacing influences long-term health. We use contemporary Swedish population register data to examine the relationship between birth-to-birth intervals and a variety of health outcomes in adulthood: for men, height, physical fitness, and the probability of falling into different body mass index categories; and for men and women, mortality. In models that do not adjust carefully for family background, we find that short and long birth intervals are clearly associated with height, physical fitness, being overweight or obese, and mortality. However, after carefully adjusting for family background using a within-family sibling comparison design, we find that birth spacing is generally not associated with long-term health, although we find that men born after very long birth intervals have a higher probability of being overweight or obese in early adulthood. Overall, we conclude that birth intervals have little independent effect on long-term health outcomes.
Cerebral small vessel disease and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of population‐based evidence
Authors: Bos Daniel , Wolters Frank J. , Darweesh Sirwan K.L. , Vernooij Meike W. , de Wolf Frank , Ikram M. Arfan , Hofman Albert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionCerebral small vessel disease is increasingly linked to dementia.MethodsWe systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for prospective population‐based studies addressing associations of white matter hyperintensities, covert brain infarcts (i.e., clinically silent infarcts), and cerebral microbleeds with risk of all‐dementia or Alzheimer's disease and performed meta‐analyses.ResultsWe identified 11 studies on white matter hyperintensities, covert brain infarcts, or cerebral microbleeds with risk of all‐dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Pooled analyses showed an association of white matter hyperintensity volume and a borderline association of covert brain infarcts with risk of all‐dementia (hazard ratio: 1.39 [95% confidence interval: 1.00; 1.94], N = 3913, and 1.47 [95% confidence interval: 0.97; 2.22], N = 8296). Microbleeds were not statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of all‐dementia (hazard ratio: 1.25 [95% confidence interval: 0.66; 2.38], N = 8739).DiscussionWhite matter hyperintensities are associated with an increased risk of all‐dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the general population. However, studies are warranted to further determine the role of markers of cerebral small vessel disease in dementia.