bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between diabetes, metabolic syndrome and heart attack in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2015
Authors: Yang Guang-Ran , Dye Timothy D , Li Dongmei 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesDiabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are both associated with heart attack. Evidence regarding which condition—MS or DM—is better associated with heart attack, however, is limited. The purpose of this study is to examine DM and MS, and their comparative associations with heart attack, using the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsA total of 332 008 subjects aged over 18 years were included in the analysis. All subjects were classified into four groups based on their DM and MS status: neither DM nor MS, DM without MS, MS without DM, and both DM and MS. A weighted hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the difference between the four groups in their association with the risk of a heart attack.ResultsDifferences in weighted frequency distributions of gender, age category (over 45 years or not), smoking status, education, race, physical activity and daily vegetable and fruit consumption were significantly different across the four groups (p<0.05). The weighted prevalence of heart attack was 5.2% for neither DM nor MS group, 8.5% for DM without MS group, 11.0% for MS without DM group and 16.1% for both DM and MS group. The weighted prevalence of heart attack in MS without DM group was significantly higher than that in the DM without MS group (p<0.01). After adjusting for confounding variables, DM without MS and MS without DM were both found to be independently associated with heart attack compared with those without DM nor MS (DM without MS, OR=2.09; MS without DM, OR=2.58, all p<0.01).ConclusionThe BRFSS 2015 data indicated that MS without DM and DM without MS had comparable effects on heart attack, and the odds of risk are doubled than US adults with neither DM nor MS.
The proximal hamstring avulsion clinical trial (PHACT)—a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial of operative versus non-operative treatment of proximal hamstrings avulsions: study protocol
Authors: Pihl Elsa , Kristoffersen Målfrid Holen , Rosenlund Anne-Mari , Laszlo Sofia , Berglöf Mida , Ribom Eva , Eriksson Karl , Frihagen Frede , Mattila Ville M , Schilcher Jörg , Eklund Martin , Snellman Greta , Skorpil Mikael , Sköldenberg Olof , Hedbeck Carl Johan , Jonsson Kenneth 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe treatment of proximal hamstring avulsions is controversial. While several trials have investigated the outcome for patients treated surgically, there is today no prospective trial comparing operative treatment with non-operative treatment. This protocol describes the design for the proximal hamstring avulsion clinical trial (PHACT)—the first randomised controlled trial of operative versus non-operative treatment for proximal hamstring avulsions.Methods and analysisPHACT is a multicentre randomised controlled trial conducted across Sweden, Norway and Finland. Eligible patients (60 participants/treatment arm) with a proximal hamstring avulsion of at least two of three tendons will be randomised to either operative or non-operative treatment. Participants allocated to surgery will undergo reinsertion of the tendons with suture anchors. The rehabilitation programme will be the same for both treatment groups. When patient or surgeon equipoise for treatment alternatives cannot be reached and randomisation therefore is not possible, patients will be invited to participate in a parallel observational non-randomised cohort. The primary outcome will be the patient-reported outcome measure Perth hamstring assessment tool at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include the Lower Extremity Functional Score, physical performance and muscle strength tests, patient satisfaction and MR imaging. Data analysis will be blinded and intention-to-treat analysis will be preformed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Ethical Committee of Uppsala University (DNR: 2017–170) and by the Norwegian ethical board (REC: 2017/1911). The study will be conducted in agreement with the Helsinki declaration. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT03311997
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the Acute Care Surgery model: risk factors for complications
Authors: Fletcher Emily , Seabold Erica , Herzing Karen , Markert Ronald , Gans Alyssa , Ekeh Akpofure Peter 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe Acute Care Surgery (ACS) model developed during the last decade fuses critical care, trauma, and emergency general surgery. ACS teams commonly perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute biliary disease. This study reviewed LCs performed by an ACS service focusing on risk factors for complications in the emergent setting.MethodsAll patients who underwent LC on an ACS service during a 26-month period were identified. Demographic, perioperative, and complication data were collected and analyzed with Fisher’s exact test, χ2test, and Mann-Whitney U Test.ResultsDuring the study period, 547 patients (70.2% female, mean age 46.1±18.1, mean body mass index 32.4±7.8 kg/m2) had LC performed for various acute indications. Mean surgery time was 77.9±50.2 minutes, and 5.7% of cases were performed “after hours.” Rate of conversion to open procedure was 6%. Complications seen included minor bile leaks (3.8%), infection (3.8%), retained gallstones (1.1%), organ injury (1.1%), major duct injury (0.9%), and postoperative bleeding (0.9%). Statistical analysis demonstrated significant relationships between conversion, length of surgery, age, gender, and intraoperative cholangiogram with various complications. No significant relationships were detected between complications and BMI, pregnancy, attending experience, and time of operation.DiscussionAlthough several statistically significant relationships were identified between several risk factors and complications, these findings have limited clinical significance. Factors including attending years in practice and time of the operation were not associated with increased complications. ACS services are capable of performing a high volume of LCs for emergent indications with low complication and conversion rates.­Level of evidence:IV
Extracorporeal life support in pediatric trauma: a systematic review
Authors: Puzio Thaddeus , Murphy Patrick , Gazzetta Josh , Phillips Michael , Cotton Bryan A , Hartwell Jennifer L 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was once thought to be contraindicated in trauma patients, however ECMO is now used in adult patients with post-traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multisystem trauma. Despite acceptance as a therapy for the severely injured adult, there is a paucity of evidence supporting ECMO use in pediatric trauma patients.MethodsAn electronic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Collected Reviews from 1972 to 2018 was performed. Included studies reported on ECMO use after trauma in patients ≤18 years of age and reported outcome data. The Institute of Health Economics quality appraisal tool for case series was used to assess study quality.ResultsFrom 745 studies, four met inclusion criteria, reporting on 58 pediatric trauma patients. The age range was <1–18 years. Overall study quality was poor with only a single article of adequate quality. Twenty-nine percent of patients were cannulated at adult centers, the remaining at pediatric centers. Ninety-one percent were cannulated for ARDS and the remaining for cardiovascular collapse. Overall 60% of patients survived and the survival rate ranged from 50% to 100%. Seventy-seven percent underwent venoarterial cannulation and the remaining underwent veno-venous cannulation.ConclusionECMO may be a therapeutic option in critically ill pediatric trauma patients. Consideration should be made for the expansion of ECMO utilization in pediatric trauma patients including its application for pediatric patients at adult trauma centers with ECMO capabilities.
Pilot study on serum C‐reactive protein in pet rabbits: clinical usefulness
Authors: Oohashi Eiji , Kimura Yuki , Matsumoto Kotaro 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThe present study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) as an acute phase reactive protein in pet rabbits in clinical practice.MethodsThe CRP level using a rabbit CRP ELISA and white blood cell (WBC) count in pet rabbits (30 healthy controls and 62 with various diseases) were measured in the clinical practice setting. The CRP level and WBC count were measured before and after ovariohysterectomy of a healthy rabbit and a rabbit with uterine adenocarcinoma. The association between the CRP level and mortality in rabbits with various diseases was assessed.ResultsThe CRP level in healthy controls was 0.52±0.82 mg/dl (mean±SD). No age and sex‐related differences in neither the CRP level nor WBC count were observed in the healthy control rabbits. The CRP levels in rabbits with gastrointestinal disease (n=22, 11.74±22.89 mg/dl), reproductive and urinary system disease (n=20, 21.19±49.68 mg/dl), dental disease (n=6, 4.87±5.47 mg/dl) and musculoskeletal disease (n=4, 85.66±107.28 mg/dl) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. The CRP levels in rabbits with neurological disease (n=7, 2.55±1.79 mg/dl) and dermatological disease (n=3, 8.84±7.71 mg/dl) were higher than those in healthy controls, but no significant difference was observed. The WBC counts were not significantly different between rabbits with diseases and healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from two rabbits before and after ovariohysterectomy. In both rabbits, the CRP peaked on postoperative day 1, but no obvious WBC peak was observed. The mortality rate increased as the CRP level increased; the mortality rate was significantly higher in rabbits with a CRP level of ≥100 mg/dl than of <10 mg/dl.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the serum CRP level is useful to determine the disease status, monitor the treatment course and evaluate the prognosis in pet rabbits in clinical practice.
Relationships between lower extremity strength and the multi-directional reach test in children aged 7 to 12 years
Authors: Hirunyaphinun Benjaporn , Taweetanalarp Soontharee , Tantisuwat Anong 
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study investigates the relationships between the Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT) and lower extremity strength in typical children. Methods: The MDRT including forward, backward, leftward, and rightward directions was measured in 60 children aged between 7 and 12 years old with typical development. The lower extremity muscle groups were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results: The reaching score in each direction had positive relationships with the strengths of several lower extremity muscle groups ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]). Only the strengths of the hip flexor and knee flexor muscles significantly correlated with the MDRT scores in all directions ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: This study highlights the strength of the hip and knee flexor muscle groups as being important domain to control balance in all directions. These findings may be used for therapists in planning a balance program to improve the limits of stability.
Experiences of occupational health doctors and nurses about the role of physiotherapists in occupational health rehabilitation: A qualitative study
Authors: Chetty Laran 
Published: September 2019

Background: Occupational health physiotherapy has been practiced in the UK over several decades. In the past decade, the role of occupational health physiotherapy has gained recognition as a profession that can be embedded within occupational health departments; however, limited information is known about the role of physiotherapists from professional groups outside the allied health domain in this context. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of occupational health doctors and nurses about the role of physiotherapy in occupational health rehabilitation. Methods: This study is a qualitative investigation underpinned by an interpretative construct. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Two occupational health doctors and 12 nurses were purposively recruited from two National Health Service (NHS) hospitals. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, coded manually and verified by member checking. Results: The benefits of occupational health physiotherapists were rapid access intervention, advanced knowledge and clinical reasoning, evidence-based practice, and providing an additional perspective. The emerging themes of the challenges that occupational health physiotherapists may face include dealing with occupational health challenges, managing role conflicts, personal qualities and attributes, and role substitution. Conclusion: Participants described numerous roles of occupational health physiotherapists ranging from clinical to organizational components. On-going research is needed to support the role development of physiotherapists providing occupational health rehabilitation and to further advocate for its relevance in this setting.
First fecundity observations on female copepods from three northern Patagonian lakes (Pellaifa, Calafquén, Panguipulli; Chile)
Authors: De los Ríos Patricio , Farias-Avendaño Jorge , Suazo Maria J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The crustacean zooplankton in Chilean Patagonian lakes is characterized by a marked dominance of calanoid copepods when under an oligotrophic status. The aim of the present study was to analyse the number of eggs and the relation of that feature with the total length of females of calanoid and cyclopoid copepods reported in three northern Chilean Patagonian lakes. The calanoid copepods found were Boeckella gracilipes in Lake Pellaifa and Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus in the lakes Panguipulli and Calafquén, whereas the cyclopoid Mesocyclops araucanus was found in the lakes Pellaifa and Calafquén. For calanoid copepods, high egg numbers were found and thus also a high value for the ratio of egg number per female length in Lake Panguipulli, whereas for M. araucanus a high value was found in Lake Pellaifa. These differences would presumably be associated with community structure, specifically predator-prey relationships and possibly other interactions, as, e.g., potential interspecific competition.
Ethnographic evidence for the presence of the coconut crab Birgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767) (Anomura, Coenobitidae) on Flores Island, Indonesia
Authors: Forth Gregory 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although occurring elsewhere in Indonesia, the coconut crab — the only member of the genus Birgus — has yet to be documented on the island of Flores or adjacent islands in the Lesser Sundas. In the Lio region of Flores, however, people in the district of Mego describe a very large entirely terrestrial crab occasionally encountered between 2 and 7 km from Flores’ south coast and sometimes even further inland. Ethnographic evidence is presented showing how this crab, locally called ‘kepi’, generally corresponds to the coconut crab in regard to morphology, habitat, and behaviour. Because local people prohibit the killing and consumption of kepi, other factors possibly accounting for the reputed rarity of large land crabs possibly corresponding to Birgus are also discussed, and the case is further used to comment on the value of local knowledge for international zoology.
Cloning and expression analysis of a cytoplasmic juvenile hormone-binding protein from the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae)
Authors: Qian Heng , Zhao Ming , Jiang Keji , Wang Wei , Chen Wei , Zhao Junxia , Wang Tian , Diao Le , Ma Lingbo , Zhang Fengying 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) has an important role in regulating the development of arthropods, and methyl farnesoate (MF) is the only juvenile hormone found in Crustacea to date. Juvenile hormone-binding proteins (JHBPs) bind to JHs and transport or deliver JH signals. In this study, the complete cDNA sequence of cytoplasmic JHBP (cJHBP) was obtained from Scylla paramamosain, which we named Sp-cJHBP. The putative protein sequence of Sp-cJHBP contains two conserved glyoxalase domains. Expression analysis revealed that Sp-cJHBP expression varied greatly among larval developmental stages, with a significant reduction at the Zoea-5 stage. Sp-cJHBP had the highest expression in the ovary, with low expression in other tissues of the female adult crabs. During ovarian development, the expression of Sp-cJHBP changed significantly in the ovary, though its trends correlated poorly with the ovarian developmental process. While the expression in the mandibular organ (MO) was similar to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), which is a key gene involved in MF biosynthesis. After unilateral eyestalk ablation (ESA), the expression of Sp-cJHBP altered significantly in the ovary and MO, but not in cerebral ganglion and thoracic ganglion. Altogether, these results suggest that Sp-cJHBP is likely to function primarily in the ovary, probably through binding to MF.
Coptic Vestiges of Basil of Caesarea’s Asceticon Magnum (CPG 2875)
Authors: Suciu Alin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces the Sahidic Coptic fragments of Basil of Caesarea’s Asceticon Magnum (CPG 2875). The first part of the article is devoted to the study of a Sahidic fragment of the Prooemium to Basil’s Long Rules. The author demonstrates that the Sahidic text did not serve as a basis for the Arabic translation of the Prooemium, as some scholars assumed in the past. In the second part, a newly identified fragment of the Short Rules is presented.
Lactantius on the Death of Galerius: A Re-Reading of De Mortibus Persecutorum 33
Authors: Cook Patrick 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Lactantius on the Death of Galerius. This paper argues that De mortibus reflects in a practical fashion two central themes in Lactantian thought: firstly, that the existence of divine anger is proof of the action of divine providence in the world, and secondly that the Roman Empire could be made Christian. To illustrate these points, it looks closely at the death of the emperor Galerius, who dies in De mortibus 33 from a disease that causes his body to produce worms, which culminates in the issuing of an edict of toleration. Using a combination of close reading and contextualization, this article argues that Lactantius moves beyond a narrative of divine punishment to suggest that the death of Galerius is necessary for the reshaping of the imperial office, and by extension the entire Roman Empire, in the person of Constantine.
Time on a Tablet: Early Ivory Sundials Incorporating Wax Writing Tablets
Authors: Schewe Roland , Davis John 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article offers the first comprehensive study of a newly discovered type of medieval sundial made of ivory which might well be the precursor of the well-known diptych dial form made from ivory and wood. These sundials are unique for the combination with a wax writing tablet (tabula cerata) on the reverse side, such as has been deployed as a reusable and portable writing surface in Antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. Three previously unpublished examples of this type of sundial have been located in Germany, Italy and England. This article gives a detailed analysis of the sundials and the underlying construction principles, including considerations from the history of science, chronology and cultural history in order to answer the questions of where, when and by whom these sundials were made.
Who is “Profaned?” Rabbinic and Samaritan (Re)formulations of Leviticus 21:9
Authors: Rothstein David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Second Temple, rabbinic, and Samaritan sources preserve a variety of interpretations and (re)formulations of Leviticus 21:9. The pivotal issue informing the various approaches to this verse is the identity of the person “profaned” by the conduct of the priest’s daughter; specifically, is it the daughter, herself, or her father who is (directly) affected? The present essay examines various rabbinic and Samaritan interpretations of this verse, noting the exegetical (i.e., morphological and syntactic) similarities and differences obtaining among these positions. Especial attention is devoted to the formulation of Targum Onqelos, for which two explanations are proposed, and the similar exegetical features reflected in Samaritan renderings of this passage. It is demonstrated that, like Targum Onqelos and additional rabbinic/Jewish targumic sources, Samaritan sources indicate that some Samaritan students of Leviticus understood Lev 21:9 to mean that it is the daughter, herself, who is profaned by her conduct.
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor for Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Real-World Experience From Taiwan
Authors: Hsiao Fu-Chih , Wang Chun-Li , Chang Po-Cheng , Lu Yu-Ying , Huang Chien-Ying , Chu Pao-Hsien 
Published: September 2019

Background: Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) was recommended by major guidelines as the frontline therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) since its clinical benefit was proved in the Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure (PARADIGM-HF) trial. However, little is known about its safety and effectiveness in real-world practice, often with sicker and more fragile patients. In addition, East Asia population is underrepresented in PARADIGM-HF trial. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who received ARNI in 3 medical institutes located in Northern Taiwan. Patients who received a prescription of at least 30 days of ARNI were enrolled. The date of first prescription was defined as the index date, and a period of 12 months preceding the index date was defined as the baseline period. Results: A total of 452 patients were identified (age: 61.9 ± 15.0, male: 79.4%). Compared to PARADIGM-HF populations, our patients had higher values of baseline serum creatinine (mean: 1.5 vs 1.1 mg/dL) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP; median: 554.5 vs 255 pg/mL). After 12 months, 41.6% of the patients received less than half of the standard dose. Overall, all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and heart failure readmission rate were 3.0%, 1.1%, and 6.9% in 12 months, respectively. In those who had both baseline and 12-month data, renal function did not change (1.7-1.8 mg/dL, P = .091), left ventricular ejection fraction improved (30.8%-36.8%, P < .001), BNP decreased (777.0-655.8 pg/mL, P = .032), and uric acid decreased (7.5-7.1 mg/dL, P = .009). Conclusion: In our study, patients with HFrEF had higher BNP and serum creatinine level at baseline and had received lower dose of ARNI than the PARADIGM-HF populations. Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor appeared to be safe as regard renal function and effective in real-world practice. Left ventricular reverse remodeling was observed 1 year after heart failure medication treatment, including ARNI.