bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a dye-based mitochondrion-thermometry to determine the receptor downstream of prostaglandin E2 involved in the regulation of hepatocyte metabolism
Authors: Shen Lei , Xie Tao-Rong , Yang Run-Zhou , Chen Yan , Kang Jian-Sheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTemperature distributions inside a living cell reflect the thermodynamics and functions of cellular components. We used a newly-developed method of mitochondrial thermometry based on Rhodamine B methyl ester, which equilibrates as a thermosensitive mixture of nonfluorescent and fluorescent resonance forms. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is released from hepatic non-parenchymal Kupffer cells and acts as an inflammatory factor to impact various functions of hepatocytes. The activity of PGE2 on energy mechanism of hepatocytes has not been fully elucidated and in particular, which PGE2 receptor mediates the functions has been elusive. We identified EP4 as the major receptor of PGE2 via our mitochondrion-thermometry approach and then substantiated this receptor’s role in hepatic metabolism. We discovered that PGE2 is able to decrease intracellular temperature of hepatocytes, via increasing some lipogenic genes’ expressions, hampering lipolysis and mitochondrial β-oxidation, reducing intracellular ATP level and elevating cAMP level through EP4 receptor. The redox status of hepatocytes represented by FAD vs FAD + NADH ratio is influenced by PGE2 in an EP4 receptor-dependent manner. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PGE2 regulates metabolism of hepatocytes mainly through EP4 receptor.
DR region of Na+-K+-ATPase is a new target to protect heart against oxidative injury
Authors: Hua Fei , Wu Zhiyuan , Yan Xiaofei , Zheng Jin , Sun Haijian , Cao Xu , Bian Jin-Song 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the activity and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) are down-regulated in the failing hearts, and that an antibody against the DR-region of NKA (DR-Ab) can stimulate its activity. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of this antibody against cardiac injury and the underlying mechanisms. We found that DR-Ab improved cardiac function, alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and reduced oxidative stress in isoproterenol-treated mice. In AC16 human cardiomyocytes, DR-Ab increased cell viability and attenuated apoptosis under oxidative stress. Corresponding to the observation of reduced NKA activity, NKA abundance on plasma membrane was lowered during oxidative stress. Suppressed activity of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) was responsible for the loss of membrane NKA due to the increased phosphorylation of key serine residues that trigger endocytosis. Incubation with DR-Ab restored PP2A activity and stabilized NKA expression on the plasma membrane. Inhibitors of PP2A abolished the protective effect of DR-Ab against oxidative stress. In summary, our data indicate that loss of membrane NKA may contribute to cardiac pathologies in heart failure. DR-Ab, by stabilizing membrane NKA, protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative injury and improves cardiac function in the failing hearts, suggesting a novel approach to treat heart failure.
Mapping the Potential Global Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella L.) Distribution Based on a Machine Learning Method
Authors: Jiang Dong , Chen Shuai , Hao Mengmeng , Fu Jingying , Ding Fangyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe spread of invasive species may pose great threats to the economy and ecology of a region. The codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) is one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world and is the most destructive apple pest. The economic losses caused by codling moths are immeasurable. It is essential to understand the potential distribution of codling moths to reduce the risks of codling moth establishment. In this study, we adopted the Maxent (Maximum Entropy Model), a machine learning method to predict the potential global distribution of codling moths with global accessibility data, apple yield data, elevation data and 19 bioclimatic variables, considering the ecological characteristics and the spread channels that cover the processes from growth and survival to the dispersion of the codling moth. The results show that the areas that are suitable for codling moth are mainly distributed in Europe, Asia and North America, and these results strongly conformed with the currently known occurrence regions. In addition, global accessibility, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, annual mean temperature and apple yield were the most important environmental predictors associated with the global distribution of codling moths.
Genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 are associated with lumbar disc herniation in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Dong Qi , Ren Guoxia , Zhang Kuaiqiang , Liu Deyu , Dou Qunli , Hao Dingjun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a key enzyme for the catalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid. Genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 have been associated with a wide range of diseases and cancers. However, little information is found about the association between ALDH2 polymorphisms and lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in Chinese Han population. We investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ALDH2 and LDH risk in a case–control study that included 380 LDH cases and 692 healthy controls. Eight SNPs were selected and genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for gender and age. In the allele model analysis, we found the frequency of the “A” allele of rs671 was significantly higher in LDH cases than in controls (OR = 1.414, 95%CI: 1.109–1.803, P = 0.005). In the genetic model analysis, we found the minor allele “A” of rs671 was associated with increased risk of LDH under log-additive model (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.11–1.82, P = 0.0062); and the minor allele “C” of rs7296651 was associated with decreased risk of LDH under over-dominant model (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.53–0.97, P = 0.031). Additionally, the haplotype “GGCTCACG” constructed by rs886205, rs2238152, rs4648328, rs441, rs4646778, rs671, rs11066028, and rs7296651 was associated with increased risk of LDH (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.11–1.90; P = 0.0071). Our data shed new light on the association between genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 and LDH susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
A Versatile Sample Processing Workflow for Metagenomic Pathogen Detection
Authors: Wylezich Claudia , Papa Anna , Beer Martin , Höper Dirk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetagenomics is currently the only generic method for pathogen detection. Starting from RNA allows the assessment of the whole sample community including RNA viruses. Here we present our modular concerted protocol for sample processing for diagnostic metagenomics analysis of human, animal, and food samples. The workflow does not rely on dedicated amplification steps at any stage in the process and, in contrast to published methods, libraries prepared accordingly will yield only minute amounts of unclassifiable reads. We confirmed the performance of the approach using a spectrum of pathogen/matrix-combinations showing it has the potential to become a commonly usable analytical framework.
Sex-specific effects of food supplementation on hibernation performance and reproductive timing in free-ranging common hamsters
Authors: Siutz Carina , Valent Margit , Ammann Viktoria , Niebauer Ariane , Millesi Eva 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHibernation is characterized by reduced metabolism and body temperature during torpor bouts. Energy reserves available during winter play an important role for hibernation and some species respond to high energy reserves with reduced torpor expression. Common hamsters are food-storing hibernators and females hibernate for shorter periods than males, probably related to larger food stores. In this study, we provided free-ranging common hamsters with sunflower seeds shortly before winter and recorded body temperature using subcutaneously implanted data loggers. We compared hibernation patterns and body mass changes between individuals with and without food supplements and analysed reproductive onset in females. Supplemented males delayed hibernation onset, hibernated for much shorter periods, and emerged in spring with higher body mass than unsupplemented ones. Additional food did not affect hibernation performance in females, but supplemented females emerged earlier and preceded those without food supplements in reproductive onset. Thus, males and females differently responded to food supplementation: access to energy-rich food stores enabled males to shorten the hibernation period and emerge in better body condition, probably enhancing mating opportunities and reproductive success. Females did not alter hibernation patterns, but started to reproduce earlier than unsupplemented individuals, enabling reproductive benefits by an extended breeding period.
Enhancement of ethanol production in very high gravity fermentation by reducing fermentation-induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Burphan Thanawat , Tatip Supinda , Limcharoensuk Tossapol , Kangboonruang Kitsada , Boonchird Chuenchit , Auesukaree Choowong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring fermentation, yeast cells encounter a number of stresses, including hyperosmolarity, high ethanol concentration, and high temperature. Previous deletome analysis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has revealed that SOD1 gene encoding cytosolic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), a major antioxidant enzyme, was required for tolerances to not only oxidative stress but also other stresses present during fermentation such as osmotic, ethanol, and heat stresses. It is therefore possible that these fermentation-associated stresses may also induce endogenous oxidative stress. In this study, we show that osmotic, ethanol, and heat stresses promoted generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion in the cytosol through a mitochondria-independent mechanism. Consistent with this finding, cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD, but not mitochondrial Mn-SOD, was required for protection against oxidative stress induced by these fermentation-associated stresses. Furthermore, supplementation of ROS scavengers such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) alleviated oxidative stress induced during very high gravity (VHG) fermentation and enhanced fermentation performance at both normal and high temperatures. In addition, NAC also plays an important role in maintaining the Cu/Zn-SOD activity during VHG fermentation. These findings suggest the potential role of ROS scavengers for application in industrial-scale VHG ethanol fermentation.
Class I and II Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Differentially Regulate Thermogenic Gene Expression in Brown Adipocytes
Authors: Rajan Anubama , Shi Hang , Xue Bingzhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClass I histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) enhance whole body energy expenditure and attenuate high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. However, it is not clear whether this is exerted directly through activating brown fat thermogenesis. Here, we find that pan-HDACi TSA exerts paradoxical effects on brown fat gene expression, as it inhibits the expression of Ucp1, Pparγ and Prdm16 in brown adipocytes, while promoting the expression of other brown fat-specific genes such as Pgc1α, Pgc1β, Acox1 and Cidea. Further studies indicate that class I HDACi MS-275 significantly increases; whereas class II HDACi MC-1568 markedly reduces, the expression of Ucp1 and other brown fat-specific genes in treated brown adipocytes. ChIP assay reveals an enhanced H3 acetylation at the Pgc1α promoter in MS-275-treated brown adipocytes; whereas the effect of MC-1568 is associated with up-regulation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and an enhanced acetylation of H3K27 at the Rb promoter. Loss of function studies indicate that Pgc1α up-regulation largely mediates the stimulatory effect of class I HDACis on the thermogenic program, whereas up-regulation of Rb may be responsible for the inhibitory effect of class II HDACis. Thus, our data suggest that class I and II HDACis have differential effects on brown fat thermogenic gene expression.
Diabetes und Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Schütt Katharina , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Marx Nikolaus 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Diabetes mellitus haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Herzinsuffizienz, und das gemeinsame Vorliegen von Diabetes und Herzinsuffizienz geht mit einer sehr schlechten Prognose einher. Therapeutische Strategien zur Reduktion der kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Letalität bei Diabetes fokussierten bislang vor allem auf die Verhinderung koronarer Ereignisse, doch die Daten neuerer Studien legen nahe, dass eine frühe Diagnose und spezifische Therapie einer Herzinsuffizienz für die Prognose von entscheidender Bedeutung sein könnten. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Epidemiologie und Prognose von Diabetes und Herzinsuffizienz und beleuchtet aktuelle Aspekte bei der Diagnostik und Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes.
Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Safinamid als Zusatztherapie zu Levodopa bei Parkinson-Patienten: eine nicht-interventionelle Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Kupsch Andreas , Mengs Jörg , Delf Martin , Bosse Dietrich 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Safinamid (Xadago®) ist ein neu zugelassener selektiver MAO-B-Hemmer zur Behandlung der Parkinson-Erkrankung. Die X-TRA Studie untersuchte die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der Substanz unter Praxisbedingungen.
Methoden Prospektive Beobachtungsstudie bei unselektierten Patienten unter Beachtung der Produktspezifikationen mit deskriptiver Auswertung.
Ergebnisse Von den eingeschlossenen 299 Patienten (65,9 % Männer, Alter 72,7 ± 9,0 Jahre, Krankheitsdauer 7,8 ± 5,9 Jahre) erhielten zu Dokumentationsbeginn 229 Patienten L-Dopa, 108 ein L-Dopa enthaltendes Kombinationsmedikament, 172 einen Dopaminagonisten und 23 einen COMT-Hemmer. 203 Patienten wurden über 6 Monate nachbeobachtet. Der MDS-UPDRS Part III Score für motorische Symptome verringerte sich von einem Ausgangswert von 48,2 ± 22,1 Punkten zum Studienende um 6,8 ± 14,5 Punkte, der Non-Motor Symptoms Scale Score für das Vorhandensein bzw. die Schwere von nicht-motorischen Symptomen von 57,6 ± 42,1 Punkten um 9,3 ± 2,1 Punkte, und der Abnormal Involuntary Movement Score von 4,6 ± 5,8 Punkten um 0,9 ± 2,7 Punkte. Der Parkinson’s Disease Score (PDQ-8) zur Beurteilung der Lebensqualität nahm als Ausdruck einer Verbesserung von 39,4 ± 18,2 Punkten bei Beobachtungsbeginn um 4,3 ± 13,7 Punkte ab. Insgesamt wurden 300 unerwünschte Ereignisse (UAW) bei 132 Patienten, davon 53 SAEs bei 15 Patienten, als mit Safinamid in Zusammenhang stehend klassifiziert. Wegen UAW beendeten 74 Patienten die Safinamid-Therapie vorzeitig.
Schlussfolgerungen Unter Safinamid-Therapie verbesserten sich die motorischen und nicht-motorischen Symptome sowie die Lebensqualität. Die meisten Patienten vertrugen die Therapie gut; es traten nur Nebenwirkungen auf, die bereits in der Patienteninformation gelistet waren.
An Update on the Histology of Pheochromocytomas: How Does it Relate to Genetics?
Authors: Oudijk Lindsey , Gaal José , Koopman Karen , de Krijger Ronald R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors of the adrenal gland, whereas any extra-adrenal tumor with similar histology is designated as paraganglioma. These tumors have a very high rate of germline mutations in a large number of genes, up to 35% to 40%, frequently predisposing for other tumors as well. Therefore, they represent a phenomenal challenge for treating physicians. This review focuses on pheochromocytomas only, with special attention to gross and microscopic clues to the diagnosis of genetic syndromes, including the role of succinate dehydrogenase subunit A and subunit B immunohistochemistry as surrogate markers for genetic analysis in the field of succinate dehydrogenase subunit gene mutations.
Inhibitory Effect of New Semisynthetic Usnic Acid Derivatives on Human Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1
Authors: Dyrkheeva Nadezhda , Luzina Olga , Filimonov Aleksandr , Zakharova Olga , Ilina Ekaterina , Zakharenko Alexandra , Kuprushkin Maxim , Nilov Dmitry , Gushchina Irina , Švedas Vytas , Salakhutdinov Nariman , Lavrik Olga 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsnic acid, a lichen secondary metabolite produced by a whole number of lichens, has attracted the interest of researchers owing to its broad range of biological activity, including antiviral, antibiotic, anticancer properties, and it possessing a certain toxicity. The synthesis of new usnic acid derivatives and the investigation of their biological activity may lead to the discovery of compounds with better pharmacological and toxicity profiles. In this context, a series of new usnic acid derivatives comprising a terpenoid moiety were synthesized, and their ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of the human DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 was investigated. The most potent compounds (15a, 15b, 15g, and 16a, 16b, 16g) had IC50 values in the range of 0.33 – 2.7 µM. The inhibitory properties were mainly dependent on the flexibility and length of the terpenoid moiety, but not strongly dependent on the configuration of the asymmetric centers. The synthesized derivatives showed low cytotoxicity against human cell lines in an MTT assay. They could be used as a basis for the development of more effective anticancer therapies when combined with topoisomerase 1 inhibitors.
Assessing Bilingual Children: Are Their Disfluencies Indicative of Stuttering or the By-product of Navigating Two Languages?
Authors: Byrd Courtney 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClinicians commonly report difficulty determining whether the disfluencies produced by their clients are indicative of stuttering or suggestive of something else, such as cluttering, autism, language impairment, or second language learning. In our clinical decision-making process, we identify features unique to specific speech and/or language disorders. This identification enables differential diagnosis in most cases. But what happens when features appear to overlap and, as a result, compromise our clinical decision making? This article provides information to assist in the differential diagnosis of stuttering, particularly as it pertains to the assessment of children who speak more than one language. It explores similarities in the speech behaviors produced by these speakers, contrasting them with stuttering behaviors in monolingual English speakers.
How Speech–Language Pathologists Can Minimize Bullying of Children Who Stutter
Authors: Reeves Nina , Herring Caryn , Yaruss J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStuttering can be a significant problem for children who stutter, but there is much that speech–language pathologists can do to help. This article summarizes six key steps, based on the work of Murphy and colleagues, that clinicians can take to minimize the occurrence and impact of bullying for children who stutter: (1) educating children about stuttering; (2) educating children about bullying; (3) helping children change the way they think and feel about their stuttering through desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and acceptance activities; (4) helping children learn to use appropriately assertive responses that decrease the likelihood of bullying; (5) educating peers and bystanders about stuttering and bullying so that they are more likely to respond in helpful ways; and (6) educating parents, teachers, and administrators about how they can create an environment where it is not okay to bully, but it is okay to stutter.
Asymptomatic Massive Cerebral Abscess Following Malignant Cerebral Infarct—Aggressive Surgery—Ray of Hope
Authors: Pachiyappan Jeyaselvasenthilkumar , Kunjithapatham Deiveegan , Chinnamuthu Sekar , Yellapragada Premchand 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this article was to present a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of malignant cerebral infarct turning into a massive cerebral abscess. Cerebral abscess complicating cerebral infarction is rare. Only 13 cases have been reported. Unexplained fever is the presenting symptom. The case presented here is unique, as the patient was totally asymptomatic and the abscess was detected incidentally during surgery. A 42-year-old man with malignant left anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery territory infarct underwent decompressive craniotomy 5 weeks before presenting to the authors’ institution. The patient had features of sunken skin flap syndrome. Therefore, cranioplasty was planned. During surgery, false dura was inadvertently opened due to adherence with pia and pus started coming out. On exploration, approximately 150 mL of pus was evacuated. The whole infarcted brain was seen to be converted into a cavity full of pus. Adequate drainage and debridement were done. Cranioplasty was deferred. The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics postoperatively, and he recovered well. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is one among the common causes for mortality and morbidity worldwide. The infarcted or ischemic brain acts like a fertile ground for the pathogens to grow. Disruption of blood–brain barrier and lack of normal blood flow by the vascular event facilitate microbial seeding and formation of cerebral abscess. Abscess formation following stroke is rare. It could prove to be fatal if misdiagnosed or not properly treated. Uncontrolled fever in a stroke patient should raise the suspicion of this rare complication. A routine contrast computed tomography of the brain prior to cranioplasty may pick up this complication in asymptomatic patients. Conservative treatment alone proves fatal in almost all cases.
Establishing Sustainable Cardiothoracic Surgery Programs in Underserved Countries
Authors: Cardarelli Marcelo , Molloy Frank , Novick William , Fenton Kathleen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCongenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide, and accounts for a high proportion of the world's infant mortality. About 9 of every 10 babies born each year are born in areas without adequate access to heart surgery; overcoming this problem will necessitate addressing the worldwide shortage of an estimated 3,700 pediatric cardiac surgeons. Establishing sustainable heart surgery programs requires more than an investment of money: political, social, and cultural issues unique to each environment need to be addressed. Organizations desiring to help develop cardiac surgical centers need to focus on communication and bidirectional education, and to make a long-term commitment to each site. By identifying and addressing obstacles, success rates are high.
Ligand “noninnocence” in coordination complexes vs. kinetic, mechanistic, and selectivity issues in electrochemical catalysis
Authors: Costentin Cyrille , Savéant Jean-Michel , Tard Cédric 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Coordination complexes are constantly sought as catalysts in the transformation of small molecules involved in contemporary energy and environmental challenges. Insistent emphasis on the well-established notion of ligand “noninnocence” may blur the essential role of the metal center when kinetic, mechanistic, and selectivity issues are targeted rather than the detailed electronic structure of the starting catalyst molecule. With the help of modern concepts and techniques of molecular electrochemistry, several examples are described in which extremely efficient catalysis takes place at the metal center despite an a priori discouraging large delocalization of charge and electron density on the noninnocent ligand.