bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF CRYOTHERAPY, INTRALESIONAL SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE AND 7% SODIUM CHLORIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
Authors: Abdalla Darsim , Omer Shirwan , Dawoud Abdullah 
Published: January 2019

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease for which many therapies had been used, aiming to kill the parasite and induce cure with minimum scarring. Intralesional Sodium stibogluconate, cryosurgery and intralesional Sodium Chloride 7% solution were among these therapies.
Objectives
To compare between intralesional Sodium stibogluconate, cryotherapy and intralesional Sodium Chloride 7% solution in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis regarding their efficacies and side effects.
Patients and methods
This study involved 82 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The entire subjects met certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were divided according to the type of treatment into three groups. In group (A) 28 patients were treated with Intralesional Sodium stibogluconate, group (B) Cryosurgery was used for treatment of 29 patients and in group (C) Intralesional Sodium Chloride 7% solution was used for treatment of the remaining 25 patients. We were followed all patients for 12 weeks after completion of the treatments
Results
There were significant association between the following parametres, complete clearance of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the use of intralesional Sodium stibogluconate (p=0.02), lowest pain scores during treatment and the use of cryosurgery in group (p<0.001), and between decreased visits number of treatment and the use of intralesional Sodium Chloride 7% solution in group (C) (p=0.05).
Conclusion
Intralesional Sodium stibogluconate was the most effective treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis followed by cryosurgery and Sodium Chloride 7% solution was the least effective one.
Clinico-epidemiological study of dermatophytosis in teaching hospital of North Karnataka
Authors: Guruprasad K. Y. , Javed Mohammed Waseem , Roopa C. , Ansari Humera , Takalkar A. A. 
Published: January 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Although fungi are worldwide, only few of them are considered pathogenic. The pathogenic fungi may give rise to infections in animals and human beings. Skin infection due to dermatophytes has become a significant health problem of late equally affecting children, adolescents and adults. Depending on the climate and culture, the clinical picture can vary enormously. The objective of the study was to study the clinical and diagnostic spectrum of dermatophytosis at Dermatology OPD of KBNIMS, Kalaburagi.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present descriptive study was conducted in Dermatology OPD in teaching Hospital of North Karnataka.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of the subjects were from 21 to 40 years age group i.e. 44.58% followed by 36.4% from 0 to 20 years age group. Out of 250 patients, majority were males i.e. 70.4% whereas 29.6% were females. More than half i.e. 174 (69.6%) out of 250 patients were KOH positive. Prevalence of culture positive specimen was found to be 40%. <em>T. cruris</em> (35%) and <em>corporis </em>(32%) were most common infections in our study. 31% of cases <em>T. mentagrophyte</em> was observed as most common isolate on culture..</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study, most common dermatophytic infection was <em>T. cruris</em> (35%). Only 40% were culture positive and among which <em>Trichophton mentagrophyte</em> was commonly seen isolate. Low socioeconomic status, overcrowding and compromised personal hygiene with tropical climate are prevalent factors in our study.</p><p> </p>
Availability and Quality of Online Information on Sub-Internships in U.S. Orthopaedic Residency Programs
Authors: Rai Rahul , Sabharwal Sanjeev 
Published: January 2019

Background:The purpose of the present study was to assess the availability and quality of online information regarding sub-internships in orthopaedics among U.S. orthopaedic residency programs.Methods:Each U.S. orthopaedic surgery residency program web site was assessed for the following 4 criteria: any mention of a sub-internship offered by that program, contact information regarding the sub-internship, a list of learning objectives to be met by the rotating student during the sub-internship, and presence of a web page dedicated solely to the orthopaedic sub-internship. Each web site was given a sub-internship score (SI score) from 0 to 4 based on how many of the above criteria were met.Results:From the 151 analyzed U.S. orthopaedic surgery residency program web sites, 69 (46%) did not have any mention of a sub-internship and thus received a score of 0, 4 (3%) received a score of 1, 18 (12%) received a score of 2, 20 (13%) received a score of 3, and 40 (26%) received a score of 4. The average SI score was 1.05 for the community-based orthopaedic residency programs, compared with 1.98 for the university-based orthopaedic programs (p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis based on SI scores (0 vs. 1 to 4) revealed that the higher-score group (1 to 4) had a higher percentage of university-based programs than the lower-score (0) group (80% vs. 62%; p = 0.003) and was associated with a greater number of residents per program than the lower-score group (mean, 26.4 vs. 21.0; p = 0.04). There was a weak association between the SI score and the number of residents in a given program (R2= 0.074, p = 0.0004).Conclusions:The availability and quality of online information regarding sub-internships offered at orthopaedic residency programs in the U.S. are variable. Nearly half of the programs did not have any available online information on their web sites regarding orthopaedic surgery sub-internships. Larger and university-based orthopaedic programs have more robust information regarding sub-internships than smaller and community-based programs.Clinical Relevance:There needs to be greater awareness and more uniformly accessible online information regarding orthopaedic surgery sub-internships for senior medical students seeking elective orthopaedic rotations prior to applying for residency training.
Innovative approach in Legionella water treatment with photodynamic cationic amphiphilic porphyrin
Authors: Lesar A. , Begić G. , Malatesti N. , Gobin I. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Legionella is an opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen that can be present in municipal and other water supplies. Building water systems may provide conditions (such as low flow, water hardness, low disinfectant residual levels and optimal temperature) that accelerate Legionella growth to levels that may result in an increased risk to public health. The standard disinfection of water systems (periodic overheating of water and chlorination) in the interest of prevention of Legionnaires' disease have often proved to be inefficient. It is therefore necessary to develop new approaches for removing Legionella from water systems. One of the new methods is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which includes the combined activity of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light of appropriate wavelength to create singlet oxygen (1O2) and other oxygen reactive species (ROS) leading to the oxidation of numerous cellular components and cell death. In this study, a newly synthesized cationic, amphiphilic porphyrin TMPyP3-C17H35, was tested against Legionella in tap water. The minimal effective concentration (MEC) of PS photoinactivation test and PS uptake assay in sterile tap water were explored to determine the anti-Legionella activity. The complete inactivation of Legionella in sterile tap water was achieved with 0.024 μM of the PS. Also, the tested PS was found to be very effective in reducing Legionella growth in the sterile tap water and photoinactivation was dose-dependent. The tested PS binds well to the bacterial cell, after only 10 minutes of incubation in the dark. In conclusion, these studies indicate that TMPyP3-C17H35 is highly efficient in aPDT which leads to reducing Legionella growth in sterile tap water, and these results suggest that cationic amphiphilic photosensitizers may have a broader application in the photoinactivation of bacterial cells implicated in water disinfection.
PENDIDIKAN MORAL DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Rukiyati Rukiyati 
Published: January 2019

Pendidikan moral di sekolah perlu dilaksanakan secara bersungguh-sungguh untukmembangun generasi bangsa yang berkualitas. Walaupun peran utama untuk mendidikmoral anak adalah di tangan orang tua mereka, guru di sekolah juga berperan besar untukmewujudkan moral peserta didik yang seharusnya. Keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakatbersama-sama bertanggung jawab untuk mendidik anak-anak muda agar bermoral baiksekaligus pintar secara intelektual sehingga terwujud generasi muda yang unggul. Itulahtujuan utama pendidikan sebagaimana dinyatakan oleh Aristoteles. Pendidikan moral disekolah harus dirancang komprehensif mencakup berbagai aspek, yaitu: pendidik, materi,metode, dan evaluasi sehingga hasilnya diharapkan akan optimal. Moral education in schools needs to be carried out seriously to build a qualitygeneration of the nation. Although the main role of educating children's morals is in thehands of their parents, teachers in schools also play a major role in realizing the moral ofthe students they should be. Families, schools, and communities are jointly responsible foreducating young people to be morally good and intellectually smart so that they excel as ahuman being. That is the main purpose of education as stated by Aristotle. Moraleducation in schools must be designed comprehensively covering various aspects, namely:educators, materials, methods, and evaluations so that the results are expected to beoptimal.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN NUGROHO NOTOSUSANTO DALAM PENGAJARAN SEJARAH DI SMA (1983-1985)
Authors: Syafutra Wira 
Published: January 2019

This study aims to: (1) Explaining the background of life and thought Nugroho Notosusanto, (2) Explaining Nugroho Notosusanto policy in the implementation of the teaching of history in high school (1983-1985), and (3) Explaining the teaching of history in Senior High School (1983 to 1985 ). The method used is the method of historical research. Method according Kuntowijoyo historical research include: (1) selection of the topic, (2) the collection of resources, (3) verification, (4) interpretation, (5) historiography. The results showed that Notosusanto Nugroho is a historical figure who gave birth to a controversy of his thinking in the development of historical thought and history lessons at school (Senior High School). At the time served as Minister of Education and Culture, Nugroho implement a policy that is being debated for history courses. History is no longer integral in social studies (Social Studies), but stand-alone and appeared one more program that PSPB (National Struggle Historical Education). The reality of the application is indroktinasi through the lessons of history. The lesson of history serve as a means of legitimacy of power and the power of a group of the military. Keywords: Education Policy, Nugroho Notosusanto, History Teaching in Senior High School
Analisis Kebutuhan Bahan Ajar Muatan Lokal Sejarah dan Budaya Kabupaten Bone di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Tati Andi Dewi Riang 
Published: January 2019

This study aims to describe the level of local content requirement of teaching materials and cultural history Bone Elementary School. The method used is the Research and Development which is used to produce models of teaching materials developed are teaching materials local content subjects sejarh and culture for elementary school students based on the history and culture Bone. This study are preliminary or prasurvei, namely identifying the needs analysis. Therefore, this study still needs to be continued, by making teaching materials in the form of modules. After a complete and perfect prototype developed baralah tested validation by experts. From the results of the needs analysis derived from interviews and questionnaires teacher and student questionnaire, can be translated instructional materials Expected load: customs, traditional arts, sites, folklore, heroes, language, events before and after the advent of Islam, the colonial period, period independence and contemporary. Keywords: needs analysis, teaching materials and cultural history of the local content for SD Bone.
Reformulasi Pembelajaran Sejarah: Sebuah Tantangan
Authors: Sardiman Sardiman 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHistory is a strategic subject and very important to form a private student who love the homeland or spirited patriotism. Learning history in schools has started from the elementary school unit up to high school level. Of course, with material whose capacity follows the development of students. However, learning history in schools is considered less attractive, resulting in students feel bored and tired. It makes the outcome of learning history not optimal. Many critics say historical learning tends to be rote. Therefore, creative and innovative learning methods are needed to teach history to the students. This study aims to reformulate the inspiring and inspiring learning history. In addition, the need to explore the meaning of learning history that can be reflected with everyday life. This research is a qualitative research through several stages of research, including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentary. The results show that in history learning needs to be emphasized on the search for the meaning of a historical event associated with the values of life. History has a reflective, anti-inspirational function in anti, historical learning can build wisdom in the life of society and nation, histories make man wise. Reformulating one's learning history is done through renewal in historical learning activities to be more fun and inspirational. Keywords: reformulate, learning history, students
Pers dan Bangkitnya Kesadaran Nasional Indonesia pada Awal Abad XX
Authors: Habib F Miftahul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study aims to: (1) find out the initial development of the press in the Dutch East Indies, (2) find out the role of print capitalism in the distribution of national consciousness Indonesia, (3) find out the related of press and the rise of Indonesian national consciousness. This study was conducted using the historcal method as described by Kuntowijoyo. The result of the study showed that the development of the press is always related to the social and political conditions related to age. The press in the early twentieth century was influenced by the ethical policies which idealize the advanced of indigenous peoples. The development of press is supported by print capitalism. Print capitalism allowed the spread of Indonesian national consciousness. National consciousness first manifested itself in the spread of the discourse of advances among the educated natives as well as the spread of the use of the Malay language as the lingua franca in the East Indies. The relation between the press and the rise of Indonesian national consciousness is seen in Bintang Hindia and Medan Prijaji. Bintang Hindia is a newspaper that contains many advances discourse. A number of important ideas in this newspaper among others Kaoem Moeda and Bangsawan Fikiran. Both of these ideas provide a stimulus for the political consciousness of the educated natives. Meanwhile, Medan Prijaji is a newspaper to be more radical than Bintang Hindia. The article in Medan Prijaji contains many criticisms to the colonial government and provide legal assistance to the reader which needed. Keywords: Press, National Consciousness, Indonesia
Konflik Komunal: Maluku 1999-2000
Authors: Safi Jamin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study aims to explain the conflict Ambon, political upheaval in North Maluku to ethnic and religious conflicts 1999-2000. This study uses historical method. Historical research includes five stages: topic selection, heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The conflict that occurred since 19 January 1999 Maluku is a bloody event that coincides with Muslims celebrating the Eid al-Fitr 1419 Hijri. The conflict stems from a dispute between an angkot driver, a Christian Jacob Lauhery with Nursalim, an Islam of the Bugis Red Stone. Conflict then developed into religious conflict (Islam and Christian). In North Maluku conflicts also occur, local political upheaval, North Maluku causing polarization in society to ethnic and religious conflicts. The North Maluku conflict is also part of a power struggle. Another factor is the creation of a new sub-district of Makian Malifut based on PP. No.42 / 1999 has been rejected by the Kao community because it is considered contrary to customary law. The event spread to Tidore, Ternate, Jailolo and Bacan. The North Maluku conflict claimed thousands of lives, homes and places of worship, both Muslims and Christians burned. During the conflict, Pela Gandong in Ambon, Maluku and indigenous people in Maluku Kie Raha as a customary and cultural system no longer functions as a strong social bond. Keywords: Conflict, Communal, Maluku, Ethnicity
Penggunaan Model Jigsaw dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Kelas 9.3 pada Pelajaran IPS Materi Sejarah di SMPN 16 Bogor
Authors: Sukriyatun Gunarti 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to know the improvement of quality learning process and learning outcomes of Social Sciences in class 9.3 through model of cooperative Learning Jigsaw. The population of this research is the class 9.3 SMP N 16 Bogor of elementary students are consisted 38 students, there are 23 female and 15 male students. The result of this research showed in the first cycle get the value 71,32 or completeness study of 50,00% while in the second cycle get the value 77,63 or completeness study of 71,05%, it means that the research is successfully. Meanwhile, the assessment of quality in learning on the first cycle is 86,67% and the second cycle is 98,33%. In the other hand, the observation result of students behavior are showed an increasing with the value of the first cycle is 57,89% and in the second cycle is get the value 70,17%. Based on the result of this research above, it can be conclude that the implementation of Jigsaw by Cooperative Model can improve the result in cognitive learning of Social Sciences. In addition it can improve the quality of learning and participation with students’ behavior. Keywords: Results of learning, Cooperative Learning Model Jigsaw
Tantangan Pembelajaran Sejarah di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Joebagio Hermanu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe impact of globalization both positive and negative is not only felt in the economic, social, and political. The existence of globalization also gives a significant influence in education. The purpose of writing this article is to know the position of learning history in the world of education in the era of globalization and explain the learning of history as an alternative inspiration history in the era of globalization. With historical complexity, and globalism already engulfing the world, it is necessary to consider innovations in historical learning, namely: (1) Drawing past red threads into present-day projection. The dark past and the good must be the basis of our projection to see how far the policy that has been done shows the right action. (2) The era of globalism is an open era that requires us to build an awareness that the national heritage of today's painted country is reflected in the social structure as well as the cultural structure. Both structures are local aspects admired by other nations, and should not be destroyed, but must be revitalized to confront globalism. Keywords: learning history, globalization, innovation
Pembelajaran Sejarah Melalui Pelatihan Kesenian Jathilan untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Terhadap Nilai-Nilai Lokal
Authors: Trisnawati Diana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOne of the results of this study aims to clarify that the teaching of history has a lot of media or flexible in its delivery methods, such as through training Jathilan Art. Jathilan Art is one of the folk art using braid horse property, as well as players reog or lumping horse or horses braid. Art Jathilan Revelation turonggo in Kulon Progo Regency is one of folk art will be full of local values. Learning history through Art Jathilan training to improve local values are expected to provide new ideas in history. This is because history can not be separated from the cultures in a society. Meanwhile, art is one of the results of the culture. Teaching history at this point also raised many of the local values because Indonesia is a country rich in culture. To increase the love of the Indonesian state (nationalism) not only through pembelajarah history, especially the material history of the struggle of the Indonesian nation. How to boost nationalism can be done by increasing the understanding of local values. Local values can be instilled through training Art Jathilan include the values of mutual cooperation, kinship, the values of religious form of gratitude to God Almighty, the values of love for the surrounding environment, the values of self-reliance as using crops activities in the community, and so on. Keywords: Learning history, the traditional art “Jathilan”, local values
Usaha Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Revolusi Menegakkan Panji-Panji NKRI dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran NHT pada Siswa XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Tambun Utara
Authors: Yulismar Rita 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOne of the actions taken by the government to improve the quality of education is to make a paradigm shift that changes the orientation of learning into learning centered on learners. In this lesson, teachers are expected to be facilitators who facilitate learners in learning, and learners must actively learn from various learning sources and work with their friends. One model of learning that can be applied is the learning model NHT (Number Head Together).The formulation of this research problem is whether the use of NHT method in learning History of Revolution's material Enforcing Panji-Panji NKRI can increase interest and learning outcomes XI MIA 1 SMA Negeri 2 Tambun Utara, North Tambun district, Bekasi district, West Java.The results of this study can be concluded that the implementation of NHT learning model can improve the learning outcomes Revolusi Upholding Panji NKRI in class XI MIA 1 SMA Negeri 2 Tambun Utara, North Tambun district. This can be shown by the increasing number of students who complete the study of 18 students or 42.86% in pre cycle to 29 students or 69.05% in cycles I and 41 students or 92.86% in cycle II. Keywords: learning outcomes, NH learning model, N 2 Tambun Utara high school students
ACTUALIZATION OF CHARACTER VALUES IN HISTORY LEARNING IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Pratama Febta , Aman Aman 
Published: January 2019

Abstract This research is aimed to: (1) identify character values which are actualized in history learning, (2) analyse the form of character values actualization which are actualized in history learning. This research is descriptive qualitative research with case study approach. Research sample is conducted using Purposive. Data analysis technique uses interactive analysis technique from Miles and Huberman which consist of data collection, data presentation and conclusion. The research findings show: (1) the values actualized in history learning are honesty, responsibility, love homeland, religious, discipline, curiosity, mutual respect, politeness, (2) the form of characteristic values actualization are statement admitting mistakes, congregation Zuhur pray, reciting Al-Quran, singing national anthem and hero songs before starting the lesson, attempting to get knowledge by asking. Keyword: actualization, character values, history learning, senior high school