bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Vitrectomy in Threatment of Epimacular Fibrosis
Authors: Kochergin S. A. , Ilyukhin O. E. , Alipov D. G. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:а comparison of the results of epimacular fibrosis surgical treatment with vitrectomy and without it.Patients and methods. Two groups of patients with epimacular fibrosis have been compared. The first group — 20 patients (20 eyes), epiretinal membrane was removed without vitrectomy. The second group (30 patients — 30 eyes), epiretinal membrane was removed after subtotal vitrectomy. Control of visual acuity was monitored, as well as intraocular pressure, the retinal thickness in the Central zone, and the thickness of the nerve fiber layer of the retina in different sectors. Sensitivity of the retina macular zone was determined by using microperimetry Maia, and peripheral zones were determined with the help of computer perimeter, Humpfrey. The patients were examined before surgery and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after it.Results. The average duration of surgery was 8 minutes in a group without vitrectomy and 32 minutes in a group of subtotal vitrectomy. 6 patients from 20 in the group of ERM removal without vitrectomy had a relapse of fibrosis found in terms of 3 to 6 months. The groups showed a comparable improvement in visual acuity and photosensitivity of the central retina, as well as a decrease of retina thickness. There was a significant increase in IOP by 1.6 mmHg in the group of subtotal vitrectomy. Statistically significant changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were recorded only in temporal sector, and they were significantly more pronounced in subtotal vitrectomy group (–15.95 and –22.47 microns respectively). In absolute terms, the decrease in the sensitivity of the peripheral zone of retina was more pronounced in the group of subtotal vitrectomy, intergroup differences were reliable.Conclusion.Direct comparison of the two methods demonstrated their comparable effectiveness in terms of influencing the visual acuity and light sensitivity of the macula. Remove the ERM without vitrectomy does not affect the peripheral visual field and intraocular pressure, in contrast to the removal of the ERM after Subtotal vitrectomy. ERM removal without vitrectomy entails a high risk of recurrence, which indicates significant limitations of intervention and the impossibility of widespread use of this method.
Comparative Analysis of Refractive Result Predictability During Iridocapsular and Iridovitreal Fixation of Biplanar Intraocular Lens
Authors: Malyugin B. E. , Panteleev E. N. , Bessarabov A. N. , Pokrovskiy D. F. , Semakina A. S. , Abdullaeva S. A. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:to carry out a comparative analysis of refractive outcomes and features during preoperational calculation of the biplanar intraocular lens (IOL) with iridocapsular and iridovitreal fixation.Patients and methods. Study included the analysis IOL model RSP-3 implantation after phacoemulsification cataract surgery with subluxated lens grade 2. Analyzed 309 eyes of 304 patients with iridocapsular (n = 44) (ICF) and iridovitreal fixation (n = 265) (IVF). In both groups IOL power was calculated with use of A- constant (118.2) recommended by manufacturer. Mean period of examination was 6 months. To count optimized A-constant in both groups we used next data: IOL power and axial length before surgery, keratometry, spherical equivalent and IOL effective position during 6 months after surgery.Results. In group with ICF postoperative refraction was achieved ± 0,5 D in 10 cases (23%), in group IVF — in 29 cases (11%). Mean value of optimized A-constant for IOL model RSP-3 in groups with ICF and IVF were 117.2 ± 1.18 (114.0–120.8) and 116.9 ± 1,89 (109.6 до 123.6). There were no statistically significant difference between compared groups (p = 0.46).Conclusion. Use of A-constant recommended by manufacturer do not allow achieving target refraction in most cases. Mean values of biplanar IOL A-constant counted for ICF and IVF were 117,2 and 116,9 respectively, what should be taken into account during IOL power count, according to its fixation method.
Cytotoxicity Evaluation Using in vitro System as a Criteria of Rational Choice of Tear Substitutes
Authors: Aleksandrova O. I. , Okolov I. N. , Khorolskaya Yu. I. , Panova I. E. , Blinova M. I. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of a wide range of lubricant eye drops on the epithelial cells of the cornea in vitro.Materials and methods.The objects of the study were 11 moisture eye drops with various preservatives and 9 moisture eye drops without preservatives. As a test-system permanent transformed cell lines of corneal epithelial (HCEC) were used. The cytotoxicity of the “artificial tears” was assessed by the viability of the cells, cultured in substratum containing the solutions of the evaluated eye drops.Results. The most toxic for corneal epithelial cells among the moisture eye drops with preservatives were Lacrisifi, Slezin, Hypromelose-P and Ophtolique®. Close to them in toxicity were Cationorm®, Artelac® Balance and Optiv®. Eye drops Styllavit, Systane® Ultra and Blink® contacts showed moderate toxicity. Vismed® Light from the group of eye lubricants with preservatives did not exert a cytotoxic effect on the cells in vitro, as well as the non-preserved eye lubricants Hyabak®, Thealoz®, Thealoz Duo® and EvoTears™. Cytotoxic effect on corneal epithelial cells was detected for Hylozar Comod® and Hylo® Fresh eye drops, despite the absence of preservatives in them.Conclusion.The study showed a principal possibility of using in vitro systems for comparative evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of various medicines with a purpose of a rational choice of moisture eye drop.
Experimental Study of Diamond Burr Polishing Methods of Bowman’s Membrane
Authors: Trufanov S. V. , Fedorov A. A. , Mamikonyan V. R. , Tekeeva L. Yu. , Malozhen S. A. , Karamyan A. A. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to develop the optimal (safe and effective) method of diamond burr polishing of Bowman’s membrane (DBPBM) for the possible use it in the treatment of the recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES) in the experiment.Material and methods. DBPBM in different modifications of the method and the mechanical deepithelization were performed in experiment on 19 human cadaver eyes. We use system Ophtho-Burr for DBPBM that includes a tip and ophthalmic burrs with diameter 1mm, 2.5 mm, 5 mm, varying the speed of rotation of burr. For 3 eyes — polishing with the application of burr with a diameter of 5 mm, the rotation frequency of 4000 rpm using 2 passes over the surface of the cornea. For 3 eyes — burr with a diameter of 2.5 mm, rotation frequency of 4000 rpm in 2 perpendicular passes. For 3 eyes — diameter burr 1 mm at speed of 8000 rpm in 2 perpendicular passes. For 3 eyes — diameter burr 1 mm at speed 4000 rpm with 4 passes along the surface of the cornea. For 4 eyes — diameter was 1 mm at speed of 4000 rpm in 2 perpendicular passes. For 3 the eyes was conducted mechanical deepithelization. Subsequent histopathological investigation of the cornea was performed by method of semi-thin section, with polychrome staining.Results. The obtained results of histological studies of DBPBM in different versions on cadaver cornea is allowed to choose the optimal variant of surgical intervention for use in clinical conditions. It consisted in a selection of burr with a diameter of 1 mm, the rotation frequency of the 4000 rpm and 2 perpendicular passes with a moderate compression of the cornea. The abovementioned technique of intervention allows removing completely the corneal epithelium with a basal membrane and save uniform in thickness, fully deepitelizationed Bowman’s membrane.Conclusion.Careful and accurate removal of dysplastic corneal epithelium in cases of the recurrent corneal erosion syndrome using proposed method in clinical conditions should contribute to the creation optimal environments for adequate reepithelization with steady epithelial-stromal adhesion. The remaining nearly intact Bowman’s membrane after procedure can prevent some postoperative complications such as haze and induced refractive disorders.
HBS: van modern instituut tot fossiel in 100 jaar
Authors: Beckers Danny 
Published: July 2018

In the history of Dutch education, 1968 is a landmark for several reasons. The introduction of a democratic, or, as some prefer, meritocratic school system, no longer upholding the social classes, and the disappearance of the HBS are among them. This history has been described from a political, socio-economical and from a pedagogical point of view. This paper discusses the same shift as a cultural history. Changing perspectives in the role of the HBS in the Netherlands, 1900-1968 are discussed from two points of view. The first point of view is that of pupils and their parents; the second point of view is that of the teachers. It is shown that according to these two groups, the HBS, certainly in its original form and intention, was decaying during the interwar years, and had already disappeared in the 1950s. For most of them the reforms in 1968 "only" casted into law what had already grown to be classroom practice - for some the new law didn't even achieve that.
Aplicando rede de IPCs para identificar a fronteira tecnológica da bioenergia
Authors: Bueno Carolina da Silveira , Silveira José Maria Ferreira Jardim da , Buainain Antonio Marcio , Dal Poz Maria Ester Soares 
Published: July 2018

Este artigo propõe um método para identificar clusters de fronteira tecnológica. No presente estudo, aplicamos o método para tecnologias da bioenergia. A primeira etapa metodológica utiliza patentes extraídas da Derwent Innovation Index, em que é feito um tratamento de data mining. A segunda etapa é a construção da rede de International Patents Classifications (IPCs) a partir de uma matriz de co-ocorrência. Foram identificados três clusters de conhecimento tecnológico. O primeiro é o de tecnologias de etanol e os outros dois em etapa de formação, sendo um de tecnologias que utilizam subprodutos e outro de tecnologias a partir de material celulósico. O trabalho mostra como uma base de conhecimentos gerais vai sendo apropriada e favorece a configuração de novas frentes tecnológicas que amplificam a base de conhecimento representada pelo paradigma da bioenergia.
Editorial
Authors: Silva Régis Henrique dos Reis , Coutinho Luciana Cristina Salvatti , Rodrigues Fabiana de Cássia , Jacomeli Mara Regina Martins 
Published: July 2018

Com satisfação anunciamos a edição de número 76, da Revista Histedbr on-line, na qual inauguramos a seção debates com um artigo do professor Dermeval Saviani, bem como damos sequência ao nosso compromisso de socialização do conhecimento e do pensamento crítico publicando 14 (quatorze) artigos e 1 (uma) resenha a respeito de uma variedade de temáticas, períodos históricos da educação brasileira e de autores(as) vinculados(as) às diversas instituições escolares de ensino básico, profissional e superior nacionais e internacionais, conforme a lista, a seguir:Universidade de Fribourg – Suíça, UNICAMP, UNIFAL, UEFS, UEM, UFT, UNESPAR, UENP, PUC/PR, IFPR, UEPG, UFBA, UnB, UFPA, UFRA, Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Pará, UNESP/Mar.
COMPARATIVE PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS PRESCRIPTION IN OUTPATIENT PRACTICE IN KURSK AND CHISINAU
Authors: Povetkin S. V. , Levashova O. V. , Ghicavii V. I. , Batchinschi N. G. , Pjdgurschi L. A. , Turca L. M. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the structure of medical prescriptions of antihypertensive agents for patients with arterial hypertension (HT) in the outpatient practice of Kursk (Russia) and Chisinau (Republic of Moldova).Material and methods. The questioning of doctors of medical organizations in Kursk and Chisinau was carried out as a one-stage descriptive study from October 2015 to February 2016. The questionnaires included questions on the pharmacoepidemiological aspects of prescribing antihypertensive drugs. Total number of respondents was 218, of them – 106 (26 cardiologists and 80 therapists) in Kursk and 112 (28 cardiologists and 84 therapists) in Chisinau.Results. In the real practice for HT treatment doctors in Kursk used more often beta-adrenoblockers (BAB), somewhat less often – angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, then diuretics. The shares of calcium channels blockers (CCB) and angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARB) were small – 8.8 and 5.2%, respectively. In Chisinau doctors gave preference to ACE inhibitors, then diuretics and BAB. Frequency of CCB prescriptions was almost identical to that of ARA – 13.7 and 13.6%, respectively. The additional antihypertensives, including central action drugs and alpha-adrenoblockers, were used rarely in both Chisinau and Kursk (1.3 and 1.6%, respectively). Doctors of Chisinau, when carrying out combined pharmacotherapy, gave priority to free combinations of antihypertensive drugs (64.4%), fixed combinations were used in 26.7% of cases. In Kursk, the ratio of these specified tactics of combined therapy was 53.5 and 34.1%, respectively. Among the pharmaceutical companies whose medicines were preferred by doctors in Kursk and in Chisinau, the leading positions were taken by KRKA (38.0 and 25.4%, respectively), Gideon Richter (13.5 and 28.7%, respectively) and Berlin-Chemie (26.7 and 15.6%, respectively).Conclusion. ACE inhibitors, diuretics, BAB were priority classes in the prescribing antihypertensive drugs according to survey of doctors in Kursk and Chisinau. In the conditions of the existing pharmaceutical market of Chisinau doctors used ARB and CCB more often than doctors from Kursk. The main share of doctor’s prescriptions in Kursk and Chisinau, considered both for group of antihypertensive drugs, and for certain representatives of each group of drugs, corresponds to the current recommendations on the pharmacotherapy of patients with HT.
Chlorine-age based booster chlorination optimization in water distribution network considering the uncertainty of residuals
Authors: Xin Kunlun , Zhou Xiao , Qian Hao , Yan Hexiang , Tao Tao 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Booster chlorination has been applied by many utilities for better chlorine-residual maintenance. In this paper, a new water-age based method for optimal location and dosage of booster disinfection has been proposed, as well as an uncertainty analysis of chlorine residuals. Chlorine-age, a novel indicator of water quality, is firstly introduced based on water age. By minimizing the total chlorine-age of nodes in a water distribution network (WDN), a new model for optimal booster location is proposed. The chlorine-age based model is independent of chlorine-decay simulation, and therefore avoids the complexity of obtaining kinetic parameters and prevents misleading results caused by inaccurate simulation of chlorine residuals. The uncertainties of chlorine residuals increase along with the distance and time consumption for delivering water. In this study, chlorine-age is employed to measure the uncertainties of nodal residuals, and optimal chlorine dosage is calculated considering the uncertainties. The proposed method has been tested on an example network and a real-life network to illustrate its validity and applicability. The results have shown that the method is feasible and reliable in practical application.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF COMBATING THE LEGALIZATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDS AND THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF EXTERNAL NEGATIVE
Authors: Vashchekina I. V. 
Published: July 2018

The article considers financial monitoring systems that counteract money laundering and terrorism financing, divided into three levels. The first level is formed by associations of international status, at the second level are national systems, the third is formed by separate financial and commercial organizations interacting with the first two levels. The place of Russia in these international systems is allocated, methods of risk assessment and measures taken depending on their application are indicated. The contribution of Russian organizations to counteracting the legalization of illegal incomes has been analyzed. It is noted that at present time for laundering is characterized by constant complication of illegal schemes, speeding up illegal operations, using transit accounts, which leads to great financial and reputation losses. Clean-up schemes are present in many economic crimes, and in conditions of growing globalization, it is possible to combat these crimes only through concerted actions within the framework of international organizations. However, international cooperation in this field is complicated by the foreign policy crisis unfolding in the last four years. The curtailment of international cooperation is a sure way to defeat in the fight against the legalization of illegal incomes and the financing of terrorism.
The Mechanisms Behind the Biological Activity of Flavonoids
Authors: González-Paramás Ana María , Ayuda-Durán Begoña , Martínez Sofía , González-Manzano Susana , Santos-Buelga Celestino 
Published: July 2018

:
Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the human diet. Their
intake has been associated with a decreased risk of different diseases such as cancer, immune
dysfunction or coronary heart disease. However, the knowledge about the mechanisms behind
their in vivo activity is limited and still under discussion. For years, their bioactivity was associated
with the direct antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of phenolic compounds,
but nowadays this assumption is unlikely to explain their putative health effects, or at least to
be the only explanation for them. New hypotheses about possible mechanisms have been postulated,
including the influence of the interaction of polyphenols and gut microbiota and also
the possibility that flavonoids or their metabolites could modify gene expression or act as potential
modulators of intracellular signaling cascades. This paper reviews all these topics,
from the classical view as antioxidants in the context of the Oxidative Stress theory to the
most recent tendencies related with the modulation of redox signaling pathways, modification
of gene expression or interactions with the intestinal microbiota. The use of C. elegans as a
model organism for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in biological activity of
flavonoids is also discussed.
The Politics of Face Coverings and Masks in Russia, France, and Quebec
Authors: Chandler Andrea 
Published: July 2018

Since 2004, governments in a number of countries have initiated tense political debates over the question of whether religious symbols should be permitted in public places. Frequently, such debates have focussed on the head and face coverings worn by many observant Muslim women, as has been explored by a rich scholarly literature. However, relatively little has been written about the specific reasons why these laws have been adopted, and few cross-national comparisons have been made. This paper will examine the following cases: first, the law against wearing face coverings in France, adopted during Nicolas Sarkozy’s presidency in 2010; and second, the extensive debates about access to government services for people wearing religious clothing in Québèc (Canada). Finally, the paper will examine the distinct case of Russia, where high court decisions have revealed a reversal in the authorities’ former tolerance of the wearing of head coverings in public places. Three variables help to explain why these laws came upon the political agenda in these admittedly very different countries. First, all three adopted previous measures to limit citizens’ ability to don face coverings during political protests; second, these countries’ choices influenced each other, showing the importance that global influences can play in policy formation; and finally, political leaders attempted to use laws on face and head coverings as a strategy to reinforce their power.
Elecciones nacionales y política sub nacional: Las elecciones nacionales 2013 en un departamento de la provincia de Santiago del Estero
Authors: Campos Hernan 
Published: July 2018

El artículo abordó las elecciones nacionales 2013 que sucedieron a nivel departamental en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, centrándose en la descripción de un Departamento del sur de la provincia.
Se estudió las disputas políticas del oficialismo provincial en espacios departamentales para dar cuenta de la complejidad de lo político.
La política departamental o sub provincial es una categoría que supone la construcción de problemas de estudio diferentes del nivel nacional o provincial. Permite mostrar cómo los actores políticos, organizaciones, partidos y/o frentes acumulan poder de un modo situado, produciendo relaciones de poder propias y relacionales con los otros niveles.
Es poco abordado el juego político en los departamentos, lo que se juega y cómo se juega. La hipótesis trabajada es que en las elecciones nacionales del año 2013, las disputas políticas electorales de las facciones peronistas o radicales del oficialismo provincial en cada departamento pueden dotarse de conflictos particulares, y que posibilitó consolidar el liderazgo excluyente del Frente Cívico a nivel provincial.
“Nuestra tarea debe ser que la justa memoria sea tanto un factor de justicia como un factor que nos libere para que no quedemos presos del pasado”, entrevista a Henry Rousso
Authors: Cueto Rúa Santiago , Herrera Nicolás , Kahan Emmanuel , Raina Andrea , Vila Mariana , Merbilhaá Margarita 
Published: July 2018

El conocimiento antropológico en el marco que la justa memoria sea tanto un factor de justicia como un factor que nos libere para que no quedemos presos del pasado dice Henry Rousso en la entrevista realizada por Santiago Cueto Rúa, Nicolás Herrera, Emmanuel Kahan, Andrea Raina y Mariana Vila. Traducción de: Margarita Merbilhaá.
Wright entre medianeras. Rubén O. Pesci y la domesticidad orgánica en las viviendas platenses 1964-1968
Authors: De Grandis María Belen 
Published: July 2018

El arquitecto Rubén O. Pesci, reconocido principalmente por su larga trayectoria en el planeamiento urbano sustentableo “ecología urbana” diseñó, a lo largo de la década del 60, numerosas viviendas que aportaron a la transformación de la arquitectura doméstica local y pusieron en juego nuevas experimentaciones espaciales en función de los ideales orgánicos que habían tomado un impor-tante desarrollo en el seno de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Plata.
Estas obras, concebidas bajo la premisa de la originalidad de cada propuesta de acuerdo al sitio particular y que tenían al arquitecto Frank Lloyd Wright como principal referente, fueron reinterpre-tadas y teorizadas por él mismo con posterioridad, bajo el tamiz de las distintas teorías que ingre-saron en la disciplina a lo largo de las siguientes décadas y que desplazaron sus intereses a otros ámbitos de la profesión.
Este artículo se propone una revisión de las primeras viviendas desarrolladas por el estudio creado por R. O. Pesci con Héctor A. Rossi y Luis M. Rossi en función de entender los cambios propuestos a partir de dos premisas; la superación de la relación con la medianera para la conformación de es-pacios dinámicos en la necesidad de adaptar los modelos wrightianos a las condiciones limitantes de los terrenos urbanos, y la espacialidad interior potenciada por el hogar como principal elemento articulador de origen orgánico.