bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Numerical Simulation Guidance for Thorpe Analysis to Obtain Quantitatively Reliable Turbulence Parameters
Authors: Wang Ling , Geller Marvin A. , Fritts David C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThorpe analysis has been used to study turbulence in the atmosphere and ocean. It is clear that Thorpe analysis applied to individual soundings cannot be expected to give quantitatively reliable measurements of turbulence parameters because of the instantaneous nature of the measurement. A critical aspect of this analysis is the assumption of the linear relationship C = LO/LT between the Thorpe scale LT, derived from the sounding measurements, and the Ozmidov scale LO. It is the determination of LO that enables determination of the dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy ε. Single atmospheric and oceanic soundings cannot indicate either the source of turbulence or the stage of its evolution; different values of C are expected for different turbulence sources and stages of the turbulence evolution and thus cannot be expected to yield quantitatively reliable turbulence parameters from individual profiles. The variation of C with the stage of turbulence evolution is illustrated for direct numerical simulation (DNS) results for gravity wave breaking. Results from a DNS model of multiscale initiation and evolution of turbulence with a Reynolds number Re (which is defined using the vertical wavelength of the primary gravity wave and background buoyancy period as length and time scales, respectively) of 100 000 are sampled as in sounding of the atmosphere and ocean, and various averaging of the sounding results indicates a convergence to a well-defined value of C, indicating that applying Thorpe analysis to atmospheric or oceanic soundings and averaging over a number of profiles gives more reliable turbulence determinations. The same averaging study is also carried out when the DNS-modeled turbulence is dominated by turbulence growing from the initial instabilities, when the turbulence is fully developed, when the modeled turbulence is decaying, and when the turbulence is in a still-later decaying stage. These individual cases converge to well defined values of C, but these values of C show a large variation resulting from the different stages of turbulence evolution. This study gives guidance as to the accuracy of Thorpe analysis of turbulence as a function of the number of profiles being averaged. It also suggests that the values of C in different environments likely depend on the dominant turbulence initiation mechanisms and on the Reynolds number of the environment.
On the Joint Calibration of Multivariate Seasonal Climate Forecasts from GCMs
Authors: Schepen Andrew , Everingham Yvette , Wang Quan J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultivariate seasonal climate forecasts are increasingly required for quantitative modeling in support of natural resources management and agriculture. GCM forecasts typically require postprocessing to reduce biases and improve reliability; however, current seasonal postprocessing methods often ignore multivariate dependence. In low-dimensional settings, fully parametric methods may sufficiently model intervariable covariance. On the other hand, empirical ensemble reordering techniques can inject desired multivariate dependence in ensembles from template data after univariate postprocessing. To investigate the best approach for seasonal forecasting, this study develops and tests several strategies for calibrating seasonal GCM forecasts of rainfall, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature with intervariable dependence: 1) simultaneous calibration of multiple climate variables using the Bayesian joint probability modeling approach; 2) univariate BJP calibration coupled with an ensemble reordering method (the Schaake shuffle); and 3) transformation-based quantile mapping, which borrows intervariable dependence from the raw forecasts. Applied to Australian seasonal forecasts from the ECMWF System4 model, univariate calibration paired with empirical ensemble reordering performs best in terms of univariate and multivariate forecast verification metrics, including the energy and variogram scores. However, the performance of empirical ensemble reordering using the Schaake shuffle is influenced by the selection of historical data in constructing a dependence template. Direct multivariate calibration is the second-best method, with its far superior performance in in-sample testing vanishing in cross validation, likely because of insufficient data relative to the number of parameters. The continued development of multivariate forecast calibration methods will support the uptake of seasonal climate forecasts in complex application domains such as agriculture and hydrology.
Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS): Bulk Characteristics and Kinematic Evolution of Misovortices in Long-Lake-Axis-Parallel Snowbands
Authors: Kosiba Karen A. , Wurman Joshua , Knupp Kevin , Pennington Kyle , Robinson Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign, 12 long-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) snowband events were sampled. Misovortices occurred in 11 of these events, with characteristic diameters of ~800 m, differential velocities of ~11 m s−1, and spacing between vortices of ~3 km. A detailed observational analysis of one such snowband provided further insight on the processes governing misovortex genesis and evolution, adding to the growing body of knowledge of these intense snowband features. On 15–16 December 2013, a misovortex-producing snowband was exceptionally well sampled by ground-based OWLeS instrumentation, which allowed for integrated finescale dual-Doppler and surface thermodynamic analyses. Similar to other studies, horizontal shearing instability (HSI), coupled with stretching, was shown to be the primary genesis mechanism. The HSI location was influenced by snowband-generated boundaries and location of the Arctic front relative to the band. Surface temperature observations, available for the first time, indicated that the misovortices formed along a baroclinic zone. Enhanced mixing, higher radar reflectivity, and increased precipitation rate accompanied the vortices. As the snowband came ashore, OWLeS participants indicated an increase in snowfall and white out conditions with the passage of the snowband. A sharp, small-scale pressure drop, coupled with winds of ~16 m s−1, marked the passage of a misovortex and may be typical of snowband misovortices.
A school-based programme promoting healthy eating
Authors: Chan Kara , Siu Judy Yuen-Man , Lee Albert 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Many school-based health education programmes adopt a one-way, top-down communication approach that students tend to consider boring and ineffective. In contrast, this study tested a pilot school-based health education programme designed to engage students through the creation and production of health-related advertising. Design: Participatory action research. Setting: A secondary school located in the most deprived district in Hong Kong. Method: A 10-month health education programme was implemented which included health talks and a parent–child cooking workshop. The highlight of the programme was a contest to design a healthy eating public service announcement with professional production of the winning advertisement. A convenience sample of 67 secondary school students participated. Self-administered food diaries and focus group interviews were administered before and after the programme for evaluation. Results: Among all the health education activities conducted during the programme, the participating students found the advertisement design contest the most interesting. They appreciated the opportunity to see their creative ideas consolidated in a professional manner. Dietary patterns reported in food diaries did not show any significant change, but the post-programme focus group interviews reported a remarkable increase in healthy eating knowledge. There were some self-reported changes in dietary behaviours. Conclusion: In the digital age, engaging students in content creation is a possible way to interest them in adopting healthy eating behaviours.
The Effect of Nasal Septal Deviation on the Postoperative Hearing Results of Patients With Tympanosclerosis
Authors: Mutlu Fatih , Cırık Adnan Ahmet 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The main aim is to discuss the effect of nasal septal deviation on the postoperative hearing results of patients with tympanosclerosis. Material and Methods: We analyzed the hearing results of patients with tympanosclerosis who were operated on in a tertiary center. Pure tone audiometric results were compared according to the existence of nasal septal deviation. Results: This study included 48 patients with unilateral tympanosclerosis disease. Moderate or severe septal deviation had no significant effect on postoperative hearing results. Conclusion: The nasal septal deviation as the only pathologic factor in patients with tympanosclerosis did not have a deteriorating effect after surgery.
Caffeine improves text reading and global perception
Authors: Franceschini Sandro , Lulli Matteo , Bertoni Sara , Gori Simone , Angrilli Alessandro , Mancarella Martina , Puccio Giovanna , Facoetti Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Background: Reading is a unique human skill. Several brain networks involved in this complex skill mainly involve the left hemisphere language areas. Nevertheless, nonlinguistic networks found in the right hemisphere also seem to be involved in sentence and text reading. These areas do not deal with phonological information, but are involved in verbal and nonverbal pattern information processing. The right hemisphere is responsible for global processing of a scene, which is needed for developing reading skills. Aims: Caffeine seems to affect global pattern processing specifically. Consequently, our aim was to discover if it could enhance text reading skill. Methods: In two mechanistic studies ( n=24 and n=53), we tested several reading skills, global and local perception, alerting, spatial attention and executive functions, as well as rapid automatised naming and phonological memory, using a double-blind, within-subjects, repeated-measures design in typical young adult readers. Results: A single dose of 200 mg caffeine improved global processing, without any effect on local information processing, alerting, spatial attention and executive or phonological functions. This improvement in global processing was accompanied by faster text reading speed of meaningful sentences, whereas single word/pseudoword or pseudoword text reading abilities were not affected. These effects of caffeine on reading ability were enhanced by mild sleep deprivation. Conclusions: These findings show that a small quantity of caffeine could improve global processing and text reading skills in adults.
Variability in the Reporting Terminology of Adverse Events and Complications in Ankle Fracture Fixation: A Systematic Review
Authors: St George Stefan A. , Sadr Hooman , Angthong Chayanin , Penner Murray , Salat Peter , Wing Kevin , Younger Alistair S. E. , Veljkovic Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Background: Classification systems for the reporting of surgical complications have been developed and adapted for many surgical subspecialties. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the variability and frequency of reporting terms used to describe adverse events and complications in ankle fracture fixation. We hypothesized that the terminology used would be highly variable and inconsistent, corroborating previous results that have suggested a need for standardized reporting terminology in orthopedics. Methods: Ankle fracture outcome studies meeting predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for analysis by 2 independent observers. Terms used to define adverse events and complications were identified and recorded. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus with the aid of a third observer. All terms were then compiled and assessed for variability and frequency of use throughout the studies involved. Reporting terminology was subsequently grouped into 10 categories. Results: In the 48 studies analyzed, 301 distinct terms were utilized to describe complications or adverse events. Of these terms, 74.4% (224/301) were found in a single study each. Only 1 term, “infection,” was present in 50% of studies, and only 19 of 301 terms (6.3%) were used in at least 10% of papers. The category that was most frequently reported was “infection,” with 89.6% of studies reporting on this type of adverse event using 25 distinct terms. Other categories were “wound healing complications” (72.9% of papers, 38 terms), “bone/joint complications” (66.7% of papers, 35 terms), “hardware/implant complications” (56.3% of papers, 47 terms), “revision” (56.3% of papers, 35 terms), “cartilage/soft tissue injuries” (45.8% of papers, 31 terms), “reduction/alignment issues” (45.8% of papers, 29 terms), “medical complications” (43.8% of papers, 32 terms), “pain” (29.2% of papers, 16 terms), and “other complications” (20.8% of papers, 13 terms). There was a 78.6% interobserver agreement in the identification of terms across the 48 studies included. Conclusion: The reporting terminology utilized to describe complications and adverse events in ankle fracture fixation was found to be highly variable and inconsistent. This variability prevents accurate reporting of complications and adverse events and makes the analysis of potential outcomes difficult. The development of standardized reporting terminology in orthopedics would be instrumental in addressing these challenges and allow for more accurate and consistent outcome reporting. Level of Evidence: Level III; systematic review of Level III studies and above.
The Relationship Between Workplace Bullying and Positive Mental Health Among Registered Nurses
Authors: Harb Alaa , Rayan Ahmad , Al.khashashneh Osama Zuhair 
Published: October 2019

Background: Workplace bullying is a highly prevalent occupational burden in health care settings. It is associated with various negative consequences in nurses, but its unique relationship with nurses’ positive mental health (PMH) has yet to be established. Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the unique relationship between bullying at the workplace and positive mental health among registered nurses. Method: A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional design was used. A sample of 231 registered nurses was recruited from two governmental hospitals, two private hospitals, and two teaching hospitals. Self-reported data were obtained about nurses’ demographic variables, their experience of bullying at the workplace, and their perceived positive mental health. Results: About 73.6% of the participants were exposed to workplace bullying. Regarding the positive mental health subscales, the spirituality subscale had the highest mean score ( M = 4.93, SD = 1.11), while the global affect had the lowest mean score ( M = 3.55, SD = 1.17). Factors associated with the total PMH or at least one of its subscales were gender, experience, working shift, type of hospital, and the position of the participant. There was a significant negative relationship between bullying at the workplace and positive mental health ( r = −.16, p < .05). After controlling participants’ characteristics, workplace bullying accounted for significant variance in PMH. Conclusion: Regardless of the nurses’ characteristics, bullying at the workplace has a negative impact on nurses’ mental health and well-being.
An Efficient Feature Extraction Technique Based on Local Coding PSSM and Multifeatures Fusion for Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: An Ji-Yong , Zhou Yong , Zhao Yu-Jun , Yan Zi-Ji 
Published: October 2019

Background: Increasing evidence has indicated that protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play important roles in various aspects of the structural and functional organization of a cell. Thus, continuing to uncover potential PPIs is an important topic in the biomedical domain. Although various feature extraction methods with machine learning approaches have enhanced the prediction of PPIs. There remains room for improvement by developing novel and effective feature extraction methods and classifier approaches to identify PPIs. Method: In this study, we proposed a sequence-based feature extraction method called LCPSSMMF, which combined local coding position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) with multifeatures fusion. First, we used a novel local coding method based on PSSM to build a new PSSM (CPSSM); the advantage of this method is that it incorporated global and local feature extraction, which can account for the interactions between residues in both continuous and discontinuous regions of amino acid sequences. Second, we adopted 2 different feature extraction methods (Local Average Group [LAG] and Bigram Probability [BP]) to capture multiple key feature information by employing the evolutionary information embedded in the CPSSM matrix. Finally, feature vectors were acquired by using multifeatures fusion method. Result: To evaluate the performance of the proposed feature extraction approach, we employed support vector machine (SVM) as a prediction classifier and applied this method to yeast and human PPI datasets. The prediction accuracies of LCPSSMMF were 93.43% and 90.41% on the yeast and human datasets, respectively. Moreover, we also compared the proposed method with the previous sequence-based approaches on the yeast datasets by using the same SVM classifier. The experimental results indicated that the performance of LCPSSMMF significantly exceeded that of several other state-of-the-art methods. It is proven that the LCPSSMMF approach can capture more local and global discriminatory information than almost all previous methods and can function remarkably well in identifying PPIs. To facilitate extensive research in future proteomics studies, we developed a LCPSSMMFSVM server, which is freely available for academic use at http://219.219.62.123:8888/LCPSSMMFSVM .
The influence of the environmental language (Lε) in Mandarin-English bilingual development: The case of transfer in wh- questions
Authors: Qi Ruying , Biase Bruno Di 
Published: October 2019

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This study investigates the significance of the linguistic environment’s role in accounting for the nature of wh- in situ transfer. Previous research shows structural transfer from wh- in situ languages towards non- wh- in situ languages in bilingual children, usually affecting the weaker language. Explanations variously argue in terms of dominance of the child’s language and/or structural overlap and complexity, but transfer is said to be blocked if the languages are not isomorphic. However, these explanations fail to account for cases where all the above conditions are met but transfer does not materialise. We propose to re-examine the issues focusing on wh- in situ transfer in a Mandarin-English bilingual child. Our research questions centre around whether structural conditions and the child’s dominant language sufficiently account for transfer or lack thereof and whether the (neglected) role of the environmental language is significant. Design/Methodology: From wh- in situ research we identify 10 separate configurations differing with respect to some variable(s) and examine longitudinal data from a Mandarin-English bilingual child (age 1;7–4;6) growing up in a context-bound one language–one environment situation. Data/Analysis: The data consists of 83 audio-recordings and diary entries of naturalistic productions collected over three years. The distribution of wh- questions in context in each language was analysed in all transcriptions. Findings/Conclusions: No evidence was found of wh- in situ transfer, despite the child’s Mandarin dominance and the English-Mandarin isomorphism. The environmental language (Lε) cannot be underestimated. Originality: New evidence on wh- question development in a constellation not previously considered becomes critical when compared to earlier studies and identifies a significant, and hitherto neglected, role for the environmental language in understanding the nature of transfer. Significance/Implications: The findings suggest that approaches considering internal factors (structural overlap, complexity, isomorphism), or the child’s language dominance, do not exhaustively cover the conditions that predict whether or not transfer occurs.
Serum visfatin level is associated with complexity of coronary artery disease in patients with stable angina pectoris
Authors: Duman Hakan , Özyıldız Ali Gökhan , Bahçeci İlkay , Duman Handan , Uslu Abdulkadir , Ergül Elif 
Published: October 2019

Background: Visfatin is an adipokine that plays a role in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate whether adipokine is associated with the extent of stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: The study population included 110 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography (CAG) due to stable angina pectoris. The severity of CAD was assessed by the ‘Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX)’ score. We evaluated patients in two groups: group 1 with a SYNTAX score <22 (low) and group 2 with a SYNTAX score ⩾22 (intermediate to high). Results: Serum visfatin (8.6 ± 4.2 ng/ml versus 13.4 ± 5.2 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels [0.46 (0.25–0.77) mg/dl versus 0.71 (0.32–1.10) mg/dl, p < 0.001] were lower in group 1. A positive significant correlation was found between serum visfatin level and SYNTAX score ( r = 0.559, p < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, visfatin [odds ratio (OR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.36; p < 0.001], CRP (OR 6.22, 95% CI 1.70–22.7; p = 0.006), and diabetes mellitus (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.10–13.2; p = 0.034) were found to be independent predictors of SYNTAX score. Conclusions: Serum visfatin level was positively correlated with CAD severity in patients with high SYNTAX score. Serum visfatin level can be a useful biomarker for predicting high SYNTAX scores in patients with angina pectoris undergoing CAG.