bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Conventional Adipose Tissue Grafting for Contour Deformities of Face and Role of Ex Vivo Expanded Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Treatment of Such Deformities
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Mustehsan , Sohail Muhammad , Bashir Afzaal , Khan Farid Ahmad , Jan Sadia Nosheen , Imran Muhammad , Ahmad Fridoon Jawad , Choudhery Mahmood S. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
To evaluate the outcomes of conventional fat grafting for facial contour deformities and to describe clinical outcome of a patient with contour deformity of face treated with ex vivo expanded adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) enriched fat graft.

Place and Duration of Study:
The Department of Plastic Surgery and Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from September 2015 to September 2017.

Methods:
Patients with contour deformities of face requiring soft tissue augmentation were included. Fat was harvested, processed, and injected following a standard protocol. Both subjective and objective assessments were performed and complications were also noted.

Results:
Twenty-five patients underwent 51 fat-grafting sessions over a period of 24 months. Eighteen (72%) patients underwent multiple fat-grafting sessions. Mean (standard deviation) soft tissue thickness after 72 hours and 6 months of first fat graft session was 18.62 (7.2) and 12.88 (6.21) mm, respectively, which corresponds to 30.77 (13)% reduction of transplanted fat. Physician and patient assessment scores were 3.42 (0.92) and 4 (1.04), respectively. Few minor complications were observed. In the patient undergoing ex vivo expanded ASCs enriched fat graft, there was minimal decrease in soft tissue thickness of treated area (44 mm vs 42 mm) 6 months postoperatively and patient was highly satisfied with the outcome after the single session.

Conclusion:
Conventional fat grafting is safe for correction of facial contour deformities. However, procedure needs to be repeated multiple times to produce satisfactory results. Beneficial effects of ex vivo expanded ASCs enriched fat grafting have a potential to alter the current treatment paradigm of fat grafting for soft tissue reconstruction.
Spring-Assisted Surgery in the Treatment of Complex Craniosynostosis
Authors: Bevilacqua Ruggero , Tarnow Peter , Kölby Lars , Maltese Giovanni 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Multisutural nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is a rare group of malformations, whose frequency has been reported between 3% and 7% of all craniosynostosis. The clinical diagnosis can be difficult and computed tomography is usually required. Surgical treatment is challenging and staged procedures are performed in up to 80% of patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the reoperation rate and to evaluate the surgical outcomes by measuring intracranial volume (ICV) preoperatively and at follow-up, and comparing it to a control group. Perioperative variables and reoperation rate were recorded. Fifty-one patients presented with a complex pattern of synostosis without a recognizable syndrome (5% of cases of total patients evaluated). Fifteen patients have been treated with spring-assisted surgery, either alone or in combination with a foreheadplasty. The mean follow-up was 6.2 years. The mean preoperative ICV of the patients was smaller, but not significantly, than in the normal population (P = 0.13). Postoperatively, the mean ICV was similar to that of the control group at 1 year (P = 0.92), while at 3 years it was appreciably smaller, although not significantly different (P = 0.06). Five patients (33%) went through a secondary skull expansion for either raised intracranial pressure or cosmetic reasons. Spring-assisted surgery seems to temporarily expand ICV in children with complex synostosis and lower the reoperation rate, thus reducing the need for a second procedure. A longer follow-up would be necessary to further investigate the effects of springs over time.
Removal of the Residual Roots Displaced Into the Maxillary Sinus via Endoscopy
Authors: Wang Xunming , Li Shihao , Huang Zhiquan , Cai Qian , Huang Zixian , Chen Weiliang 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery has been developed for various indications in the craniomaxillofacial area.
1
The case report presented in this article is focused on the possibility of removing the residual roots displaced into the maxillary sinus by means of an endoscopic technique. When planning endoscopic surgery to access the residual roots displaced in the maxillary sinus, we performed 2 different approaches into the maxillary sinus, a transnasal approach through the middle or inferior turbinate and transoral approach via the anterior maxillary sinus wall. The endoscopic surgical approach described is reliable and minimally invasive for removing the residual roots displaced into the maxillary sinus. Therefore, we concluded that the application of this clinical procedure is worth promoting.
The Relationship Between Cephalogram Analysis and Oxygen Desaturation Index During Sleep in Patients Submitted for Mandibular Setback Surgery
Authors: Dahy Khaled Gamal , Takahashi Katsu , Saito Kazuyuki , Kakeno Azumi , Kiso Honoka , Isobe Yu , Mishima Sayaka , Asai Keita , Moussa Abd-Elmateen , Shahat Badawy , Rezk Ibrahim , Oga Toru , Morita Satoshi , Chin Kazuo , Bessho Kazuhisa 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between morphologic factors of mandibular protrusion patients and clinical indices of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods:
Fifty-two Japanese patients divided into 2 groups: 1 jaw surgery group (30 patients) and 2 jaw surgery group (22 patients). Morphologic changes were studied using cephalograms taken before surgery and 1 year after surgery. Functional changes studied using impulse oscillometry and pulse oximetry during sleep, both of which are clinically useful measures in assessing OSA, taken before surgery and 1 year after surgery.

Result:
Lower face cage area significantly decreased in 1 jaw group than in 2 jaw group patients. Positive significant correlation was found between changes in 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and changes of tongue area and vertical position of the hyoid bone in 1 jaw surgery group. Multiple regression analysis indicates that tongue area and airway area were independently significant predictors of 3% ODI in 1 jaw group patients.

Conclusion:
In 2 jaw surgery, maxillary surgery compensated for the effect of mandibular setback surgery. Mandibular setback surgery to mandibular protrusion patients was performed within the range of adequate movement distance, but precautions for risk of postoperative obstructive sleep apnea syndrome should be considered.
Surgical Treatment Outcomes of Vocal Process Granuloma After Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Yoon Tae Mi , Lee Joon Kyoo , Lim Sang Chul 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
The objective of this study was to review the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of the vocal process granuloma after the endotracheal intubation.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital from January 2008 to December 2015.

Results:
Twenty-one vocal process granulomas after endotracheal intubation were diagnosed in 13 patients. The most common symptom was hoarseness. Among 13 patients, bilateral vocal process granulomas were in 8 patients. For the remaining 5 patients, their unilateral vocal process granulomas were all left-sided. All the cases of vocal process granulomas after the endotracheal intubation were treated by laryngoscope microsurgery under general anesthesia. Recurrence of vocal process granulomas was identified in 1 lesion.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that surgery for vocal process granuloma after endotracheal intubation is a good treatment option for a rapid resolution of lesions and the associated symptoms, along with having low recurrence rates.
Evaluation of Mandibular Lingual Foramina With Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Zhang Chunan , Zhuang Longfei , Fan Linfeng , Mo Jiaji , Huang Zhuoli , Gu Yingxin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of 3 kinds of mandibular lingual foramina through cone beam computed tomography images to analyze its diameter, frequency, location and its correlation with age in southeast Chinese mainland population. Lingual foramina in 299 patients were grouped into midline lingual foramina (MLF), lateral lingual foramina (LLF), and nutrient foramina (NF) with diameters and frequency measured. Vertical distances from foramina to mandibular inferior border were recorded as Hinf. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, independent sample t tests and Pearson correlation. Results showed that MLF had a frequency of 99.3% at midline symphysis. Average diameter and Hinf of MLF were 0.65 ± 0.19 and 13.79 ± 2.15 mm, respectively. Lateral lingual foramina had a frequency of 63.2% with the majority observed in premolar region. Average diameter and Hinf of LLF were 0.62 ± 0.19 and 6.90 ± 1.88 mm, respectively. Nutrient foramina had a frequency of 91.3% and was most frequently detected between mandibular incisors. Average diameter and Hinf of NF were 0.57 ± 0.15 and 28.39 ± 2.38 mm, respectively. Mean diameter of MLF and NF of each patient correlated with age (r = 0.174 and 0.201, respectively, P < 0.05). No statistical correlation was observed between average diameter of LLF and age (r = 0.114, P > 0.05). Preoperative cone beam computed tomography is a valuable aid in locating lingual foramina, which could be used as an indication to avoid unwanted hemorrhage in implant surgery.
Perceptions of Healthy-Looking and Sexy-Looking Brow Thickness
Authors: Hwang Kun , Kim Hun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This study aims to determine which brow thickness levels were considered ideal, healthy-looking, young-looking, and sexy-looking by Koreans.
The 163 women and 38 men who visited a brow bar were asked to view illustrations of 4 brow thickness levels defined in terms of the percentage of the eye width at the lateral canthus: very thin (VTn-1/6) (16% of eye width), thin (Tn-1/5) (20%), medium (Med-1/4) (25%), and thick (Tk-1/3) (33%) and to choose which they thought were ideal, young-looking, healthy-looking, and sexy-looking.
Med-1/4 (61.2%) was the brow thickness most often considered to be ideal, followed by Tk-1/3 (17.4%) and Tn-1/5 (15.9%). VTn-1/6 was the least preferred (5.5%). Med-1/4 was the most preferred ideal thickness among both sexes. Tk-1/3 (40.8%) was the thickness most often considered to be young-looking, followed by Med-1/4 (35.3%) and Tn-1/5 (18.4%). VTn-1/6 was the least preferred (5.5%). Tk-1/3 was the most preferred young-looking thickness among both sexes. Tk-1/3 (48.8%) was the thickness most often considered to be healthy-looking, followed by Med-1/4 (30.8%) and Tn-1/5 (11.9%). VTn-1/6 was the least preferred (8.5%). Tk-1/3 was the most preferred healthy-looking thickness by women (52.2%), whereas Med-1/4 was the most common choice among men (39.5%). Tn-1/5 (40.8%) was the thickness most often considered to be sexy-looking, followed by VTn-1/6 (25.9%) and Med-1/4 (21.4%). Tk-1/3 was the least preferred (11.9%). Tn-1/5 was the most preferred sexy-looking thickness among both sexes.
The results may be used as guidelines for patient or customer preferences in facial rejuvenation operations, brow esthetics, or tattooing.
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma With Sphenoid Sinus Invasion and Protrusion: Treatment Approach With Le Fort I Osteotomy
Authors: Heitz Claiton , Weber Alexandre , Dini Leandro , Louzada Guilherme Pivatto , Lombardo Eduardo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign tumor that occurs predominantly in young males. The authors report the case of a 22-year-old male patient who presented with a painless, exophytic tumor mass protruding through the right nostril, with anterior lateral extension associated with severe posterior involvement, erosion of the sphenoid bone to the right of the pterygoid process, and significant epistaxis. The preoperative evaluation, surgical approach, postoperative results, and a review of the literature are presented. The surgical approach with Le Fort I osteotomy was designed to facilitate surgical access to the tumor in the nasal cavity. Before down-fracture of the maxilla, plates were placed for fixation and holes were made to produce reference points for restoration of normal anatomy after tumor removal. Although the literature describes the use of nonsurgical therapies, it is well established that surgical treatment is the best option for patients with JNA. Treatment also requires preoperative embolization to avoid bleeding and ensure safety during tumor resection. Long-term imaging follow-up every 6 to 8 months for at least 3 years after surgery is needed for detection of residual tumor/recurrence. The modified technique used here together with preoperative embolization was essential to successful outcome.
Perforation in Submucous Cleft Palate Due to Methotrexate-Induced Mucositis in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nam Jung Woo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Spontaneous palatal perforation can be rarely developed by several causes, such as tumor, trauma, and infection. This article reports a patient with large mid-palatal perforation after suffering from severe oral mucositis, which occurred about a month after taking methotrexate (MTX) for rheumatoid arthritis. Through computed tomography and clinical examination, this patient was diagnosed with perforation in unrecognized submucous cleft palate (SMCP) due to drug-induced mucositis. After MTX discontinuation, the oral mucositis was almost healed completely in a month, and the hole was successfully closed by palatoplasty. The author can see that the palatal perforation can occur by oral complication of MTX in SMCP patient. It is an important awareness to dentists as the use of MTX continues to increase for antirheumatic therapy.
Chemogenetic Manipulations of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons Reveal Multifaceted Roles in Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Mahler Stephen V , Brodnik Zachary D , Cox Brittney M , Buchta William C , Bentzley Brandon S , Cope Zackary A , Lin Edwin C , Riedy Matthew D , Scofield Michael D , Messinger Justin , Riegel Arthur C , España Rodrigo A , Aston-Jones Gary 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVentral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons perform diverse functions in motivation and cognition, but their precise roles in addiction-related behaviors are still debated. Here, we targeted VTA DA neurons for bidirectional chemogenetic modulation during specific tests of cocaine reinforcement, demand, and relapse-related behaviors, querying the roles of DA neuron inhibitory and excitatory G-protein signaling in these processes. Designer receptor stimulation of Gq-, but not Gs-signaling in DA neurons enhanced cocaine seeking via functionally distinct projections to forebrain limbic regions. In contrast, engaging inhibitory Gi/o signaling in DA neurons blunted cocaine’s reinforcing and priming effects, reduced stress-potentiated reinstatement, and altered cue-induced cocaine seeking strategy, but not the motivational impact of cocaine cues per se. Results demonstrate that DA neurons play several distinct roles in cocaine seeking, depending on behavioral context, G-protein signaling, and DA neuron efferent target, highlighting their multifaceted roles in addiction.Significance StatementG-protein coupled receptors are crucial modulators of VTA dopamine neuron activity, but how metabotropic signaling impacts dopamine’s complex roles in reward and addiction is poorly understood. Here, we bidirectionally modulate dopamine neuron G-protein signaling with DREADDs during a variety of cocaine seeking behaviors, revealing nuanced, pathway-specific roles in cocaine reward, effortful seeking, and relapse-like behaviors. Gq- and Gs-stimulation activated dopamine neurons, but only Gq stimulation robustly enhanced cocaine seeking. Gi/o inhibitory signaling altered the response strategy employed during cued reinstatement, and reduced some, but not all types of cocaine seeking. Results show that VTA dopamine neurons modulate numerous distinct aspects of cocaine addiction- and relapse-related behaviors, and indicate potential new approaches for intervening in these processes to treat addiction.
Arabidopsis inositol phosphate kinases, IPK1 and ITPK1, constitute a metabolic pathway in maintaining phosphate homeostasis
Authors: Kuo Hui-Fen , Hsu Yu-Ying , Lin Wei-Chi , Chen Kai-Yu , Munnik Teun , Brearley Charles A. , Chiou Tzyy-Jen 
Published: February 2018

SummaryEmerging studies have implicated a close link between inositol phosphate (InsP) metabolism and cellular phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in eukaryotes; however, whether a common InsPspecies is deployed as an evolutionarily conserved metabolic messenger to mediate Pisignaling remains unknown. Here, using genetics and InsPprofiling combined with Pistarvation response (PSR) analysis inArabidopsis thaliana, we showed that the kinase activity of inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPK1), an enzyme required for phytate (inositol hexakisphosphates; InsP6) synthesis, is indispensable for maintaining Pihomeostasis under Pi-replete conditions, and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 1 (ITPK1) plays an equivalent role. Although bothipk1-1anditpk1mutants exhibited decreased levels of InsP6and diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (PP-InsP5; InsP7), disruption of another ITPK family enzyme, ITPK4, which correspondingly caused depletion of InsP6and InsP7, did not display similar Pi-related phenotypes, which precludes these InsPspecies as effectors. Notably, the level of D/L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4was concurrently elevated in bothipk1-1anditpk1mutants, which implies a potential role for InsP4in regulating Pihomeostasis. However, the level of D/L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4is not responsive to Pistarvation that instead manifests a shoot-specific increase in InsP7level. This study demonstrates a more nuanced picture of intersection of InsPmetabolism and Pihomeostasis and PSR than has previously been elaborated, and additionally establishes intermediate steps to phytate biosynthesis in plant vegetative tissues.Significance StatementRegulation of phosphate homeostasis and adaptive responses to phosphate limitation is critical for plant growth and crop yield. Accumulating studies implicate inositol phosphates as regulators of phosphate homeostasis in eukaryotes; however, the relationship between inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphate signaling in plants remain elusive. This study dissected the step where inositol phosphate metabolism intersects with phosphate homeostasis regulation and phosphate starvation responses.
Do pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) reduce childhood pneumonia mortality? An assessment across socioeconomic groups in Brazil
Authors: Schuck-Paim Cynthia , Taylor Robert J. , Alonso Wladimir J. , Weinberger Daniel M. , Simonsen Lone 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundUnderstanding the real-world impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on pneumonia mortality is critical, given the expectation that PCVs can substantially reduce the burden of pneumonia deaths in children under five years. However, surprisingly few post-vaccine introduction studies have estimated the benefit of PCVs for childhood mortality, and results have been inconsistent.MethodsWe investigated the long-term trends in child pneumonia mortality in Brazil (1980-present) and assessed the impact of PCV10 on childhood pneumonia mortality, both nationally and in municipalities stratified by socioeconomic status (SES), after the vaccine was introduced in Brazil in 2010.FindingsBetween 1980 and 2010, a period when Brazil’s Human Development Index (HDI) rose from 0.55 to 0.71, national pneumonia mortality in children under five decreased 10-fold. Despite rapid uptake of PCV10 following its introduction in 2010, our primary analytical method found no significant decline in national childhood pneumonia mortality, although a secondary analysis found a 10 percent decline in some but not all strata. However, at the municipal level we found significant reductions in childhood pneumonia mortality of up to 24% in low SES strata.InterpretationContrary to expectations, we found that PCV use led to at best modest savings in childhood pneumonia mortality at the national level in a middle-income country. In contrast, we found evidence that PCV led to larger reductions in low-income settings; a similar benefit might occur when PCVs are introduced in other low-SES settings. The long-term findings underscore that improvements in nutrition, hygiene, education, and healthcare play a major role in reducing pneumonia mortality.FundingThis work was funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1114733). DMW also acknowledges support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1176267) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI123208)
A Genetic Program Mediates Cold-warming Response and Promotes Stress-induced Phenoptosis in C. elegans
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wei Yuehua , Long Yong , Owen Arthur , Wang Bingying , Wu Xuebing , Luo Shuo , Dang Yongjun , Ma Dengke K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHow multicellular organisms respond to and are impacted by severe hypothermic stress is largely unknown. From C. elegans screens for mutants abnormally responding to cold-warming stimuli, we identify a molecular genetic pathway comprising ISY-1, a conserved uncharacterized protein, and ZIP-10, a bZIP-type transcription factor. ISY-1 gatekeeps the ZIP-10 transcriptional program by regulating the microRNA mir-60. Downstream of ISY-1 and mir-60, zip-10 levels rapidly and specifically increase upon transient cold-warming response. Prolonged zip-10 up-regulation induces several protease-encoding genes and promotes stress-induced organismic death, or phenoptosis, of C. elegans. zip-10 deficiency confers enhanced resistance to prolonged cold-warming stress, more prominently in adults than larvae. We conclude that the ZIP-10 genetic program mediates cold-warming response and may have evolved to promote wild population kin selection under resource-limiting and thermal stress conditions.