bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2010
Authors: Kohlberg Gavriel D. , Demmer Ryan T. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
We investigated the hypothesis that childhood obesity is a risk factor for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) independent of other metabolic risk factors.

Study Design:
A complex, multistage, stratified geographic area design for collecting representative data from noninstitutionalized US population.

Methods:
A total of 5,638 adolescents between age 12 and 19 from the NHANES database (2005–2010) were studied. Subjects with body mass index >= 95th percentile were classified as obese. SNHL was defined as average pure-tone greater than 15 dB HL for 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz or 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz in at least 1 ear. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed incident hearing loss odds across obese patients in comparison with normal weight individuals (5th–85th percentile). Multivariable models included age, sex, socioeconomic status, race, smoke exposure, high density lipoprotein level, triglyceride level, elevated blood pressure measurement, hemoglobin A1C level, and C-reactive protein level.

Results:
The rate of SNHL was 21.5% in obese and 13.44% in normal weight adolescents (p < 0.0001). In multivariable analyses, obesity was associated with 1.73-fold increase in the odds of SNHL (95% CI: 1.25–2.40, p value = 0.006). Potentially confounding and mediating factors had minimal effect on the odds of SNHL in obese study participants (OR range of 1.69–1.75, all p values <= 0.01).

Conclusions:
Obesity is associated with higher prevalence of SNHL in adolescents independent of other potential risk factors. Future longitudinal investigations and mechanistic studies are warranted.
Inflammatory and Comorbid Features of Children Admitted to a PICU for Status Asthmaticus*
Authors: Grunwell Jocelyn R. , Travers Curtis , Fitzpatrick Anne M. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
To determine risk factors associated with admission to a PICU with or without endotracheal intubation for an asthma exacerbation. We hypothesized that children with critical and near-fatal asthma would have distinguishing clinical features but varying degrees of asthma severity and measures of type 2 inflammation.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of children with asthma recruited into outpatient asthma clinical research studies at Emory University between 2004 and 2015.

Setting:
Large, free-standing academic quaternary care children’s hospital in Atlanta, GA.

Patients:
Children 6–18 years old with physician-diagnosed and confirmed asthma.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 579 children were analyzed with 170 children (29.4%) being admitted to the PICU for an asthma exacerbation in their lifetime. Of these 170 children with a history of critical asthma, 24.1% were classified as having mild-to-moderate asthma, and 83 of 170 children (48.8%) had been intubated and experienced near-fatal asthma. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with increased odds of PICU admission with or without endotracheal intubation. Hospitalization within the prior 12 months of survey (odds ratio, 8.19; 95% CI, 4.83–13.89), a history of pneumonia (odds ratio, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.52–4.29), having a designation of increased chronic asthma severity on high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (odds ratio, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.62–4.70), having a father with asthma (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.23–3.76), living in a region with a higher burden of poverty (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02–1.61), and being of black race (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.05–3.84) were all associated with increased odds of PICU admission with or without intubation.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that there are factors associated with critical and near-fatal asthma, distinct from the chronic asthma severity designations, that should be the focus of future investigation.
Adverse Drug Event–Related Admissions to a Pediatric Emergency Unit
Authors: Carvalho Indira Valadê , de Sousa Vanessa Marcilio , Visacri Marília Berlofa , Quintanilha Júlia Coelho França , de Souza Cinthia Madeira , Ambrósio Rosiane Fátima Lopes , Reis Marcelo Conrado dos , de Queiroz Rachel Alvarenga , Mazzola Priscila Gava , Galvao Taís Freire , Moriel Patricia 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to analyze adverse drug events (ADEs) related to admissions to a pediatric emergency unit and to identify the associated risk factors.

Methods
This was a prospective study. Demographic data and details of medications were collected for each patient admitted. Case studies were performed by clinical pharmacists and the clinical team to discuss whether the admission was due to an ADE and to characterize the ADE. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.

Results
In total, 1708 pediatric patients were included in this study. Adverse drug events were the cause of hospital admission in 12.3% of the studied population. The majority of patients presenting with an ADE were in the age group of 0 to 5 years (61.6%), had a mean ± SD age of 4.9 ± 3.9 years, were female (51.2%), were Caucasian (72.0%), and had infectious disorders (49.3%). High frequencies of medication errors (68.8%), use of drugs to treat respiratory disorders (27.7%), and ADEs of mild severity (75.3%) were reported. The risk of being admitted to the pediatric emergency unit for any ADE increased in cases of neurological (odds ratio [OR], 4.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.38–8.99), dermatological (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.93–5.18), and respiratory (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.89–4.83) disorders.

Conclusions
A high frequency of ADE-related admissions to the pediatric emergency unit was observed. The risk of being admitted to the pediatric emergency unit for any ADE increased in cases of neurological, dermatological, and respiratory disorders. Clinical pharmacists play an important role in the identification of ADEs and the education of child caregivers and health care providers concerning pediatric medication.
Double Reading of Outsourced CT/MR Radiology Reports: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Vendrell Jean-François , Frandon Julien , Boussat Bastien , Cotton François , Ferretti Gilbert , Sans Nicolas , Tasu Jean-Pierre , Beregi Jean-Paul , Larbi Ahmed 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
Our objective was to determine disagreement rates in radiological reports provided by using a double-reading protocol in a national teleradiology company.

Methods
From January 2015 to July 2016, 134169 radiological exams from 36 French centers, benefited outsourced interpretations by certified radiologists, in both regular and after-hours activities. Of these, 2040 CT and MR-scans (1.5%) were subjected to a second opinion by other radiologists in the field of their anatomical specialty (cerebral, thoracic, abdominal-pelvic, and osteoarticular). A five-point agreement scale graded from 0 to 4 was assigned for each exam. Disagreements were considered as minor if no clinical consequence for patient (scores 1 and 2) and major if potential clinical consequence (score 3 and 4). Independent radiologists performed a retrospective analysis and a stratified statistical analysis.

Results
Double reading was performed on CT-scans (n = 934/2040, 45.8%) and MR-scans (n = 1106/2040, 54.2%) performed in regular (80.1%) and after-hours activities (19.9%). Disagreement scores occurred in 437 exams (21.4%), including major disagreements in 59 (2.9%). Among these, 48/754 were assigned by the thoracic second reader (6.4%), 6/70 by the abdominal-pelvic second reader (8.6%), 3/901 by the osteoarticular second reader (0.3%), and 2/315 by the cerebral second reader (0.6%), with statistical significant difference. No additional disagreement rate was observed in regular and after-hours activities (P = 0.63).

Conclusions
Double-reading of outsourced CT and MRI interpretations yielded 21.4% disagreement rate, with potential clinical consequence for patient in 2,9% of the cases. These results are in accordance with those previously reported and suggests that quality assurance of outsourced interpretations is needed.
Digital-Facial Translocation in Amniotic Band Sequence: Evidence of the Intrinsic Theory
Authors: Weinstein Brielle , Hassouba Mahmoud , Flores Roberto L. , Staffenberg David A. , Gordon Christopher B. , Runyan Christopher M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Amniotic band sequence is a complex congenital anomaly in which infants with typically no known genetic mutation have bands of maternal amniotic tissue wrapped around body parts, most commonly the limbs and digits. The authors report a novel variation on this presentation in 3 patients from 2 centers with complex craniofacial clefting and amniotic band sequence. They presented with hypertelorism, different forms of complex craniofacial clefting, and bands connecting ipsilateral hands to facial clefts, with digital-facial translocation in 2 cases. These findings support a model in which complex craniofacial clefts result in areas of exposed, sticky, and temporally and spatially coincident mesenchyme within the embryo that are susceptible to adherence of ipsilateral fetal hands. This strongly supports the intrinsic and adhesion theories of the etiology of amniotic band syndrome.
Lingual Nerve Entrapment in Fused Submandibular and Sublingual Salivary Glands: A Unique Finding
Authors: Nayak Satheesha B. , Kumar Naveen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Lingual nerve (LN) is one among the 3 branches of posterior division of mandibular nerve. It might get entrapped in the infratemporal fossa by lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygospinous ligament, or lateral pterygoid plate. Its entrapment in the submandibular region has not been reported yet. A unique entrapment of LN in the fused submandibular and sublingual salivary glands in a cadaver was reported. The deep parts of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands were completely fused with each other. The LN passed through the center of the fused part. Histologically both submandibular and sublingual salivary glands had both mucous and serous acini. Though this entrapment might not cause any functional problems, it might get injured during various surgical procedures of the submandibular region.
Retained Eyeglasses in the Orbital Cavity After Penetrating Facial Trauma
Authors: Kim Seon Tae , Jung Joo Hyun , Lim Byeong Woo , Ha Ryun , Woo Joo Hyun , Cha Heung Eog , Chi Mijung , Chang Jin Soon , Kang Il Gyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study describes a 68-year-old man who was presented to the emergency department with left orbital cavity penetration by his eyeglasses. The eyeglasses had entered the orbit and at presentation his eyesight could not be measured. The foreign body was extracted carefully and panfacial bone fractures were then reduced through lateral rhinotomy combined with a lip-splitting incision. When planning removal of an unusual foreign body from the orbital cavity, care should be taken not to injure the optic nerve, periorbital musculatures, or the eyeball.
Toward a Sensible Single-antigen Bead Cutoff Based on Kidney Graft Survival
Authors: Wisse Bram W. , Kamburova Elena G. , Joosten Irma , Allebes Wil A. , van der Meer Arnold , Hilbrands Luuk B. , Baas Marije C. , Spierings Eric , Hack Cornelis E. , van Reekum Franka E. , van Zuilen Arjan D. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Bots Michiel L. , Drop Adriaan C.A.D. , Plaisier Loes , Seelen Marc A.J. , Stephan Sanders Jan , Hepkema Bouke G. , Lambeck Annechien J.A. , Bungener Laura B. , Roozendaal Caroline , Tilanus Marcel G.J. , Voorter Christina E. , Wieten Lotte , van Duijnhoven Elly M. , Gelens Mariëlle A.C.J. , Christiaans Maarten H.L. , van Ittersum Frans J. , Nurmohamed Shaikh A. , Lardy Neubury M. , Swelsen Wendy , van der Pant Karlijn A.M.I. , van der Weerd Neelke C. , ten Berge Ineke J.M. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Hoitsma Andries J. , van der Boog Paul J.M. , de Fijter Johan W. , Betjes Michiel G.H. , Heidt Sebastiaan , Roelen Dave L. , Claas Frans H. , Otten Henny G. 
Published: August 2018

Background.
There is no consensus in the literature on the interpretation of single-antigen bead positive for a specific HLA antibody.

Methods.
To inform the debate, we studied the relationship between various single-antigen bead positivity algorithms and the impact of resulting donor-specific HLA antibody (DSA) positivity on long-term kidney graft survival in 3237 deceased-donor transplants.

Results.
First, we showed that the interassay variability can be greatly reduced when working with signal-to-background ratios instead of absolute median fluorescence intensities (MFIs). Next, we determined pretransplant DSA using various MFI cutoffs, signal-to-background ratios, and combinations thereof. The impact of the various cutoffs was studied by comparing the graft survival between the DSA-positive and DSA-negative groups. We did not observe a strong impact of various cutoff levels on 10-year graft survival. A stronger relationship between the cutoff level and 1-year graft survival for DSA-positive transplants was found when using signal-to-background ratios, most pronounced for the bead of the same HLA locus with lowest MFI taken as background.

Conclusions.
With respect to pretransplant risk stratification, we propose a signal-to-background ratio-6 (using the bead of the same HLA-locus with lowest MFI as background) cutoff of 15 combined with an MFI cutoff of 500, resulting in 8% and 21% lower 1- and 10-year graft survivals, respectively, for 8% DSA-positive transplants.
Realistic in silico generation and augmentation of single cell RNA-seq data using Generative Adversarial Neural Networks
Authors: Marouf Mohamed , Machart Pierre , Bansal Vikas , Kilian Christoph , Magruder Daniel S. , Krebs Christian F. , Bonn Stefan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA fundamental problem in biomedical research is the low number of observations available, mostly due to a lack of available biosamples, prohibitive costs, or ethical reasons. Augmenting few real observations with generated in silico samples could lead to more robust analysis results and a higher reproducibility rate. Here we propose the use of conditional single cell Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (cscGANs) for the realistic generation of single cell RNA-seq data. cscGANs learn non-linear gene-gene dependencies from complex, multi cell type samples and use this information to generate realistic cells of defined types. Augmenting sparse cell populations with cscGAN generated cells improves downstream analyses such as the detection of marker genes, the robustness and reliability of classifiers, the assessment of novel analysis algorithms, and might reduce the number of animal experiments and costs in consequence. cscGANs outperform existing methods for single cell RNA-seq data generation in quality and hold great promise for the realistic generation and augmentation of other biomedical data types.
Cyclin B3 is specifically required for metaphase to anaphase transition in mouse oocyte meiosis I
Authors: Li Yufei , Wang Leyun , Zhang Linlin , He Zhengquan , Feng Guihai , Sun Hao , Wang Jiaqiang , Li Zhikun , Liu Chao , Han Jiabao , Mao Junjie , Yuan Xuewei , Jiang Liyuan , Zhang Ying , Zhou Qi , Li Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMeiosis, a cell division to generate gametes for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, executes a single round of DNA replication and two successive rounds of chromosome segregation [1]. The extraordinary reliability of the meiotic cycle requires the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) associated with specific cyclins [2-4]. Cyclins are the regulatory subunits of protein kinases, which are the main regulators of maturation promoting factor or mitosis promoting factor (MPF) [5, 6] and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) [7, 8] in eukaryotic cell division. But how cyclins collaborate to control meiosis is still largely unknown. Cyclin B3 (Ccnb3) shares homology with A- and B-type cyclins [9], and is conserved during higher eukaryote evolution [10-17]. Previous studies have shown thatCcnb3-deleted females are sterile with oocytes unable to complete meiosis I inDrosophila[18], implying that Ccnb3 may have a special role in meiosis. To clarify the function of Ccnb3 in meiosis in mammalian species, we generatedCcnb3mutant mice by CRISPR/Cas9, and found thatCcnb3mutation caused female infertility with the failure of metaphase-anaphase transition in meiosis I. Ccnb3 was necessary for APC/C activation to initiate anaphase I, but not required for oocytes maturation, meiosis II progression, or early embryonic development. Our study reveals the differential cell cycle regulation between meiosis I and meiosis II, as well as meiosis between males and females, which shed light on the cell cycle control of meiosis.HighlightsIdentification of a female meiosis-specific cyclin in mouseCyclin B3 is required for metaphase-anaphase transition in oocyte meiosis ICyclin B3 is not essential for oocyte maturation and sister chromosome segregationCyclin B3 is necessary for APC/C activation and MPF kinase activity through Cdk1
Whole-genome sequencing of three native cattle breeds originating from the northernmost cattle farming regions
Authors: Weldenegodguad Melak , Popov Ruslan , Pokharel Kisun , Ammosov Innokentyi , Yao Ming , Ivanova Zoya , Kantanen Juha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNorthern Fennoscandia and the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation represent the northernmost regions on Earth where cattle farming has been traditionally practiced. In this study, we performed whole-genome resequencing to genetically characterize three rare native breeds Eastern Finncattle, Western Finncattle and Yakutian cattle adapted to these northern Eurasian regions. We examined the demographic history, genetic diversity and unfolded loci under natural or artificial selection. On average, we achieved 13.01-fold genome coverage after mapping the sequencing reads on the bovine reference genome (UMD 3.1) and detected a total of 17.45 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1.95 million insertions-deletions (indels). We observed that the ancestral species (Bos primigenius) of Eurasian taurine cattle experienced two notable prehistorical declines in effective population size associated with dramatic climate changes. The modern Yakutian cattle exhibited a higher level of within-population variation in terms of number of SNPs and nucleotide diversity than the contemporary European taurine breeds. This result is in contrast to the results of marker-based cattle breed diversity studies, indicating assortment bias in previous analyses. Our results suggest that the effective population size of the ancestral Asiatic taurine cattle may have been higher than that of the European cattle. Alternatively, our findings could indicate the hybrid origins of the Yakutian cattle ancestries and possibly the lack of intensive artificial selection. We identified a number of genomic regions under selection that may have contributed to the adaptation to the northern and subarctic environments, including genes involved in disease resistance, sensory perception, cold adaptation and growth. By characterizing the native breeds, we were able to obtain new information on cattle genomes and on the value of the adapted breeds for the conservation of cattle genetic resources.
Mitochondria-encoded genes contribute to the evolution of heat and cold tolerance amongSaccharomycesspecies
Authors: Li Xueying C. , Peris David , Hittinger Chris Todd , Sia Elaine A. , Fay Justin C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOver time, species evolve substantial phenotype differences. Yet, genetic analysis of these traits is limited by reproductive barriers to those phenotypes that distinguish closely related species. Here, we conduct a genome-wide non-complementation screen to identify genes that contribute to a major difference in thermal growth profile between twoSaccharomycesspecies.S. cerevisiaeis capable of growing at temperatures exceeding 40°C, whereasS. uvarumcannot grow above 33°C but outperformsS. cerevisiaeat 4°C. The screen revealed only a single nuclear-encoded gene with a modest contribution to heat tolerance, but a large effect of the species’ mitochondrial DNA (mitotype). Furthermore, we found that, while theS. cerevisiaemitotype confers heat tolerance, theS. uvarummitotype confers cold tolerance. Recombinant mitotypes indicate multiple genes contribute to thermal divergence. Mitochondrial allele replacements showed that divergence in the coding sequence ofCOX1has a moderate effect on both heat and cold tolerance, but it does not explain the entire difference between the two mitochondrial genomes. Our results highlight a polygenic architecture for interspecific phenotypic divergence and point to the mitochondrial genome as an evolutionary hotspot for not only reproductive incompatibilities, but also thermal divergence in yeast.
Reactive Centre Loop Dynamics and Serpin Specificity
Authors: Marijanovic Emilia M. , Fodor James , Riley Blake T. , Porebski Benjamin T. , Costa Mauricio G. S. , Kass Itamar , Hoke David E. , McGowan Sheena , Buckle Ashley M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSerine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), typically fold to a metastable native state and undergo a major conformational change in order to inhibit target proteases. However, conformational labiality of the native serpin fold renders them susceptible to misfolding and aggregation, and underlies misfolding diseases such as a1-antitrypsin deficiency. Serpin specificity towards its protease target is dictated by its flexible and solvent exposed reactive centre loop (RCL), which forms the initial interaction with the target protease during inhibition. Previous studies have attempted to alter the specificity by mutating the RCL to that of a target serpin, but the rules governing specificity are not understood well enough yet to enable specificity to be engineered at will. In this paper, we useconserpin, a synthetic, thermostable serpin, as a model protein with which to investigate the determinants of serpin specificity by engineering its RCL. Replacing the RCL sequence with that from α1-antitrypsin fails to restore specificity against trypsin or human neutrophil elastase. Structural determination of the RCL-engineered conserpin and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that, although the RCL sequence may partially dictate specificity, local electrostatics and RCL dynamics may dictate the rate of insertion during protease inhibition, and thus whether it behaves as an inhibitor or a substrate. Engineering serpin specificity is therefore substantially more complex than solely manipulating the RCL sequence, and will require a more thorough understanding of how conformational dynamics achieves the delicate balance between stability, folding and function required by the exquisite serpin mechanism of action.