bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Elastography Evaluations in Patient Populations With Various Kidney Diseases
Authors: Gungor Ozkan , Guzel Fatma Betul , Sarica Mehmet Akif , Gungor Gulay , Ganidagli Berivan , Yurttutan Nursel , Gorgel Ahmet Fazil , Altunoren Orcun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Renal elastography is an ultrasonographic method that has been recently found to provide information on renal functions and fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between elastography scores and renal functions and proteinuria levels in patient populations with various kidney diseases. Seventy-five diabetic nephropathy patients, 66 kidney transplant patients, and 45 glomerulonephritis patients were included in the study. The amount of proteinuria was measured according to the protein-to-creatinine ratio in spot urine samples. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Ultrasound elastography scores were measured in each patient group by a radiologist. The mean age of diabetic nephropathy patients was 61 ± 10 years. The mean elastography score was 0.96 ± 0.30. Elastography score was positively correlated with serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and was negatively correlated with eGFR value. The mean age of kidney transplant patients was 42 ± 12 years. The mean elastography score was 1.10 ± 0.38. There was a significant relationship between elastography score and proteinuria level. The mean age of glomerulonephritis patients was 37 ± 13 years. The mean elastography score was 0.91 ± 0.41. Elastography score was positively correlated with serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. However, there was no relationship between elastography score and eGFR value and proteinuria level. Although renal elastography provides information on renal functions and proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy, renal transplant, and glomerulonephritis, there is a need for studies with a larger number of patients on this subject.
Dynamic Compression—A New and Practical Technique for the Sonographic Diagnosis of Enteric Duplication
Authors: Kitami Masahiro 
Published: January 2019

Objectives
This study aims to examine the utility of dynamic compression and other sonographic signs in diagnosing enteric duplication.

Methods
This study reviewed real-time sonographic findings from ultrasound examinations performed by the author between April 2015 and March 2017, including 4 consecutive cases of enteric duplication and 7 cases of other abdominal cysts (control group). The ability of dynamic compression to separate the lesion from the adjacent intestine was analyzed, as were other sonographic signs, including the 5-layer sign, peristalsis, and the split-wall sign.

Results
The 5-layer sign and peristalsis were seen in only 1 of 4 cases of enteric duplication. The split-wall sign was positive in all 4 cases of enteric duplication. In a case of gastric duplication, the split-wall sign was not detected during the first examination. One case showed an atypical white split wall, and 3 cases showed a pseudo–split wall; however, this pseudo–split wall was differentiated from the true split-wall sign using dynamic compression. The dynamic compression technique correctly differentiated enteric duplication from other abdominal cysts in all but 2 cases (82%).

Conclusions
The 5-layer sign and peristalsis were not sensitive for enteric duplication. The split-wall sign may have the highest sensitivity and specificity for enteric duplication, but finding this sign is technically difficult and interpretation is complicated by atypical variations. Dynamic compression differentiated enteric duplication from other abdominal cysts with 82% accuracy, and this technique was simple to perform and easier to interpret than the split-wall sign.
Lung Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children—A Metaanalysis and a Review of Pediatric Lung Imaging
Authors: Najgrodzka Paulina , Buda Natalia , Zamojska Anna , Marciniewicz Ewelina , Lewandowicz-Uszyńska Aleksandra 
Published: January 2019

Background
Pneumonia is one of the most frequent widespread and severe infectious diseases in pediatric patients worldwide. Pneumonia is characterized by high incidence and possibility of complications in the course of the disease in pediatric patients. For this reason, there is a need to have a rapid and safe diagnostic method to recognize it. Imaging diagnostic tools, such as x-ray examinations, necessitate caution while using these methods. To date, there have been lots of studies with the aim to determine the role of lung ultrasonography (LUS) in the diagnosis of inflammatory lesions in children. Our aim was to assess the accuracy of the LUS as diagnostic method of pneumonia in children by making a systematic research of literature.

Objectives
This work is a review of available literature and studies on LUS in pneumonia in children and summary of necessary information about the usefulness of LUS and sonographic findings to diagnose pneumonia in the pediatric population.

Methods
We searched the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Ovid. The following key words were used: pediatrics, pneumonia, ultrasound, chest x-ray, and LUS.

Results
The total search results amounted to 1987. From 1987 potentially eligible studies, 19 were included, and 3 were meta-analysis. We studied and performed the statistical analysis of the results publication.

Conclusions
As a result of the analysis, a significant advantage of the ultrasound examination in comparison with the x-ray study was demonstrated. Lung ultrasound could be a safe diagnostic method for this reason.
Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Therapy for Primary Thyroid Lymphoma
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of primary thyroid lymphoma. The clinical data of 12 patients, who were pathologically confirmed with thyroid lymphoma and treated in our hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Ultrasonography was performed on the thyroid and neck lymph nodes, and the sonographic features of the lesions were recorded. During the course of the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma, the patients were monitored and followed up by ultrasonography. The sonographic features of 12 patients with 20 lesions revealed hypoechoic masses, within which “strip-shaped” and “grid-shaped” high echoes were observed, and echoes behind masses were not attenuated. Furthermore, a small amount of blood flow signals were observed. Six patients received thyroidectomy. Among these patients, one patient relapsed. Six patients underwent chemotherapy. Among these patients, 2 patients relapsed and received chemotherapy again. Ultrasound can guide the biopsy of suspicious lymphoma lesions and provide accurate information on treatment effects and tumor recurrence for patients with thyroid lymphoma after treatment, especially after chemotherapy.
Aesthetic Breast Surgery Under Cold Tumescent Anesthesia
Authors: Ceccarino Raffaele , Di Micco Rosa , Cappelletti Renato 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Throughout the last decade, aesthetic breast surgery has enormously spread in the outpatient clinic setting where plastic surgeons perform the vast majority of procedures under local anesthesia as day-case operations. The “tumescent anesthesia” is defined as the injection of a dilute solution of local anesthetic combined with epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate into subcutaneous tissue until it becomes firm and tense, which is “tumescent.” The “cold tumescent anesthesia” (CTA) derives from Klein's solution with the introduction of a new concept, which is the low temperature (4°C) of the injected solution. This novelty adds further anesthetic and hemostatic power to the well-known benefits of tumescent anesthesia. The authors report their experience with CTA in the last 15 years in the setting of aesthetic breast surgery, describing in detail the anesthesia protocol, surgical outcomes, and patient satisfaction. A total of 1541 patients were operated on during the study period and were included in this retrospective analysis. The types of breast procedures were breast augmentation in 762 cases (49.4%), mastopexy with implants in 123 patients (8.0%), mastopexy without implants in 452 cases (29.3%), and breast reduction in 204 cases (13.3%). Patient mean age was 42.8 years (range, 18–67 years). The mean operating time was 37 ± 32 minutes for breast augmentation, 78 ± 24 minutes for mastopexy with implants, 58 ± 18 minutes for mastopexy without implants, and 95 ± 19 minutes for breast reduction. No major complications occurred, and no conversion to general anesthesia was required. The median recovery time was 150 minutes (range, 120–210 minutes), and all patients were discharged within 3 hours after surgery. Wound or implant infections occurred in 33 patients (2.1%), wound dehiscences in 21 (1.4%), and postoperative bleeding requiring return to theater in 2 cases (0.1%). Thirteen patients (0.8%) developed capsular contracture. Fifteen patients (1%) required reintervention due to implant rotation or rupture. The median visual analog scale score was 1.8 (interquartile range, 1–3) after discharge. Patient satisfaction was very high in 91.3% (n = 1407) of the cases. In experienced hands, CTA can shorten operating time with high patient satisfaction and a low complication rate. These preliminary data could be hypothesis generating for future multicenter prospective trials done to confirm the benefits of CTA in other surgical fields.
Timing But Not Patterns of Recurrence Is Different Between Node-negative and Node-positive Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Honselmann Kim C. , Pergolini Ilaria , Castillo Carlos Fernandez-del , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David , Taylor Martin S. , Bolm Louisa , Qadan Motaz , Wellner Ulrich , Sandini Marta , Bausch Dirk , Warshaw Andrew L. , Lillemoe Keith D. , Keck Tobias , Ferrone Cristina R. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
Our aim was to evaluate recurrence patterns of surgically resected PDAC patients with negative (pN0) or positive (pN1) lymph nodes.

Summary Background Data:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death by 2030. This is mostly due to early local and distant metastasis, even after surgical resection. Knowledge about patterns of recurrence in different patient populations could offer new therapeutic avenues.

Methods:
Clinicopathologic data were collected for 546 patients who underwent resection of their PDAC between 2005 and 2016 from 2 tertiary university centers. Patients were divided into an upfront resection group (n = 394) and a neoadjuvant group (n = 152).

Results:
Tumor recurrence was significantly less common in pN0 patients as compared with pN1 patients, (upfront surgery: 55% vs. 77%, P < 0.001 and 64% vs. 78%, P = 0.040 in the neoadjuvant group). In addition, time to recurrence was significantly longer in pN0 versus pN1 patients in the upfront resected patients (median 16 mo pN0 vs. 10 mo pN1 P < 0.001), and the neoadjuvant group (pN0 21 mo vs. 11 mo pN1, P < 0.001). Of the patients who recurred, 62% presented with distant metastases (63% of pN0 and 62% of pN1, P = 0.553), 24% with local disease (27% of pN0 and 23% of pN1, P = 0.672) and 14% with synchronous local and distant disease (10% of pN0 and 15% of pN1, P = 0.292). Similarly, there was no difference in recurrence patterns between pN0 and pN1 in the neoadjuvant group, in which 68% recurred with distant metastases (76% of pN0 and 64% of pN1, P = 0.326) and 18% recurred with local disease (pN0: 22% and pN1: 15%, P = 0.435).

Conclusion:
Time to recurrence was significantly longer for pN0 patients. However, patterns of recurrence for pN0 vs. pN1 patients were identical. Lymph node status was predictive of time to recurrence, but not location of recurrence.
Comparison of Outcomes After Partial Versus Complete Mesh Excision
Authors: Kao Angela M. , Arnold Michael R. , Otero Javier , Huang Li-Ching , Prasad Tanushree , Lincourt Amy E. , Augenstein Vedra A. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
Evaluate outcomes of patients undergoing mesh explantation following partial mesh excision (PME) and complete mesh excision (CME).

Background:
Ventral hernia repair (VHR) with mesh remains one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide. Management of previously placed mesh during reexploration remains unclear. Studies describing PME as a feasible alternative have been limited.

Methods:
The AHSQC registry was queried for VHR patients who underwent mesh excision. Variables used for propensity-matching included age, BMI, race, diabetes, COPD, OR time>2 hours, immunosuppressants, smoking, active infection, ASA class, elective case, wound classification, and history of abdominal wall infection.

Results:
A total of 1904 VHR patients underwent excision of prior mesh. After propensity matching, complications were significantly higher (35% vs 29%, P = 0.01) after PME, including SSI/SSO, SSOPI, and reoperation. No differences were observed in patients with clean wounds, however in clean-contaminated, PME more frequently resulted in SSOPI (24% vs 9%, P = 0.02). In mesh infection/fistulas, higher rates of SSOPI (46% vs 24%, P = 0.04) and reoperation (21% vs 6%, P = 0.03) were seen after PME. Odds-ratio analysis showed increased likelihood of SSOPI (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.05–2.14; P = 0.023) and reoperation (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.13–4.10; P = 0.015) with PME.

Conclusions:
With over 350,000 VHR performed annually and increasing mesh use, guidelines for management of mesh during reexploration are needed. This analysis of a multicenter hernia database demonstrates significantly increased postoperative complications in PME patients with clean-contaminated wounds and mesh infections/fistulas, however showed similar outcomes in those with clean wounds.
Immunological signatures in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Sirkis Daniel W. , Bonham Luke W. , Karch Celeste M. , Yokoyama Jennifer S. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
Over the last year, research into the immunological and inflammatory signatures of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) has accelerated greatly. Herein, we highlight recently proposed roles of brain-resident microglia as well as peripheral myeloid cells in frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-spectrum disorders.

Recent findings
Recent unbiased genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic surveys using human data confirm significantly altered immune-function genes as well as transcript and protein modules associated with inflammatory and immune function. Beyond human studies, novel animal models indicate important roles for both microglia and monocytes, and central involvement of genes such as Trem2, Apoe, and Tbk1.

Summary
The importance of neuroinflammatory activity in FTD pathophysiology is unambiguous, but whether this activity is primarily beneficial or detrimental remains unclear, with variable results reported for distinct disease paradigms. Going forward, it will be crucial to determine which types of microglial and peripheral myeloid responses are favorable, in response to which specific proteinopathies, and at which point in disease course.
Cis-epistasis at the LPA locus and risk of coronary artery disease
Authors: Zeng Lingyao , Mirza-Schreiber Nazanin , Lamina Claudia , Coassin Stefan , Nelson Christopher P. , Franzén Oscar , Kleber Marcus E. , Mack Salome , Andlauer Till F. M. , Jiang Beibei , Stiller Barbara , Li Ling , Willenborg Christina , Munz Matthias , Kessler Thorsten , Kastrati Adnan , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Erdmann Jeanette , Moebus Susanne , Nöthen Markus M. , Peters Annette , Strauch Konstantin , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Gieger Christian , Meitinger Thomas , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , März Winfried , Björkegren Johan L. M. , Samani Nilesh J. , Kronenberg Florian , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Schunkert Heribert 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIdentification of epistasis affecting complex human traits has been challenging. Focusing on known coronary artery disease (CAD) risk loci, we explore pairwise statistical interactions between 8,068 SNPs from ten CAD genome-wide association studies (n=30,180). We discovered rs1800769 and rs9458001 in the vicinity of the LPA locus to interact in modulating CAD risk (P=1.75×10−13). Specific genotypes (e.g., rs1800769 CT) displayed either significantly decreased or increased risk for CAD in the context of genotypes of the respective other SNP (e.g., rs9458001 GG vs. AA). In the UK Biobank (n=450,112) significant interaction of this SNP pair was replicated for CAD (P=3.09×10−22), and was also found for aortic valve stenosis (P=6.95×10−7) and peripheral arterial disease (P=2.32×10−4). Identical interaction patterns affected circulating lipoprotein(a) (n=5,953; P=8.7×10−32) and hepatic apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) expression (n=522, P=2.6×10−11). We further interrogated potential biological implications of the variants and propose a mechanism explaining epistasis that ultimately may translate to substantial cardiovascular risks.
Biological Evaluation of Molecules of the azaBINOL Class as Antiviral Agents: Specific Inhibition of HIV-1 RNase H Activity by 7-Isopropoxy-8-(naphth-1-yl)quinoline
Authors: Overacker Ross D. , Banerjee Somdev , Neuhaus George F. , Sephton Selena Milicevic , Herrmann Alexander , Strother James A. , Brack-Werner Ruth , Blakemore Paul R. , Loesgen Sandra 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInspired by bioactive biaryl-containing natural products found in plants and the marine environment, a series of synthetic compounds belonging to the azaBINOL chiral ligand family was evaluated for antiviral activity against HIV-1. Testing of 39 unique azaBINOLs in a singleround infectivity assay resulted in the identification of three promising antiviral compounds, including 7-isopropoxy-8-(naphth-1-yl)quinoline (azaBINOLB#24), which exhibited low-micromolar activity. The active compounds and several close structural analogues were further tested against three different HIV-1 envelope pseudotyped viruses as well as in a full-virus replication system (EASY-HIT). Mode-of-action studies using a time-of-addition assay indicated that azaBINOLB#24acts after viral entry but before viral assembly and budding. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) assays that individually test for polymerase and RNase H activity were used to demonstrate thatB#24inhibits RNase H activity, most likely allosterically. Further binding analysis using bio-layer interferometry (BLI) showed thatB#24interacts with HIV-1 RT in a highly specific manner. These results indicate that azaBINOLB#24is a potentially viable, novel lead for the development of new HIV-1 RNase H inhibitors. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the survey of libraries of synthetic compounds, designed purely with the goal of facilitating chemical synthesis in mind, may yield unexpected and selective drug leads for the development of new antiviral agents.
The genomes of polyextremophilic Cyanidiales contain 1% horizontally transferred genes with diverse adaptive functions
Authors: Rossoni Alessandro W. , Price Dana C. , Seger Mark , Lyska Dagmar , Lammers Peter , Bhattacharya Debashish , Weber Andreas P.M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe role and extent of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in eukaryotes are hotly disputed topics that impact our understanding regarding the origin of metabolic processes and the role of organelles in cellular evolution. We addressed this issue by analyzing 10 novel Cyanidiales genomes and determined that 1% of their gene inventory is HGT-derived. Numerous HGT candidates originated from polyextremophilic prokaryotes that live in similar habitats as the Cyanidiales and encodes functions related to polyextremophily. HGT candidates differ from native genes in GC-content, number of splice sites, and gene expression. HGT candidates are more prone to loss, which may explain the nonexistence of a eukaryotic pan-genome. Therefore, absence of a pan-genome and cumulative effects fail to provide substantive arguments against our hypothesis of recurring HGT followed by differential loss in eukaryotes. The maintenance of 1% HGTs, even under selection for genome reduction underlines the importance of non-endosymbiosis related foreign gene acquisition.
Absolute and relative pitch processing in the human brain: Neural and behavioral evidence
Authors: Leipold Simon , Brauchli Christian , Greber Marielle , Jäncke Lutz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPitch is a primary perceptual dimension of sounds and is crucial in music and speech perception. When listening to melodies, most humans encode the relations between pitches into memory using an ability called relative pitch (RP). A small subpopulation, almost exclusively musicians, preferentially encode pitches using absolute pitch (AP): the ability to identify the pitch of a sound without an external reference. In this study, we recruited a large sample of musicians with AP (AP musicians) and without AP (RP musicians). The participants performed a pitch-processing task with a Listening and a Labeling condition during functional magnetic resonance imaging. General linear model analysis revealed that while labeling tones, AP musicians showed lower blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal in the inferior frontal gyrus and the presupplementary motor area — brain regions associated with working memory, language functions, and auditory imagery. At the same time, AP musicians labeled tones more accurately suggesting that AP might be an example of neural efficiency. In addition, using multivariate pattern analysis, we found that BOLD signal patterns in the inferior frontal gyrus and the presupplementary motor area differentiated between the groups. These clusters were similar, but not identical compared to the general linear model-based clusters. Therefore, information about AP and RP might be present on different spatial scales. While listening to tones, AP musicians showed increased BOLD signal in the right planum temporale which may reflect the matching of pitch information with internal templates and corroborates the importance of the planum temporale in AP processing.
Brain activity links performance in science reasoning with conceptual approach
Authors: Bartley Jessica E. , Riedel Michael C. , Salo Taylor , Boeving Emily R. , Bottenhorn Katherine L. , Bravo Elsa I. , Odean Rosalie , Nazareth Alina , Laird Robert W. , Sutherland Matthew T. , Pruden Shannon M. , Brewe Eric , Laird Angela R. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how students learn is crucial for helping them succeed. We examined brain function in 107 undergraduate students during a task known to be challenging for many students – physics problem solving – to characterize underlying neural mechanisms and determine how these support comprehension and proficiency. Further, we applied module analysis to response distributions, defining groups of students who answered using similar physics conceptions, and probed for brain differences linked with different conceptual approaches. We found integrated executive, attentional, visual motion, and default mode brain systems cooperate to achieve sequential and sustained physics-related cognition. While accuracy alone did not predict brain function, dissociable brain patterns were observed when students solved problems using different physics conceptions, and increased success was linked to conceptual coherence. Our analyses demonstrate that episodic associations and control processes operate in tandem to support physics reasoning, offering insight into effective classroom practices to promote student success.