bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earnings Quality, Emissions, and Executive Compensation in European Firms With Say‐on‐Pay Voting Adoption
Authors: Issa Ayman , Wael Al‐Khatib Ayman , Zaid Mohammad A. A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the interplay between carbon emissions (COEM), earnings quality (EQ), and CEOs’ pay within non‐financial European firms. The study's results indicate a strong adverse correlation between COEM and EQ. Importantly, the influence of executive compensation on this correlation is adverse, particularly within firms that have adopted Say‐on‐Pay (SOP) system. The Paris Agreement (PA) serves as a driver for sustainability, influencing the dynamics of EQ. This research offers original perspectives on the link between COEM and EQ, along with the moderating impact of executive compensation. Additionally, it sheds light on the potential effects of SOP regulations and global sustainability initiatives on a company's environmentally responsible practices and the quality of accounting numbers.
Signaling Regulation of FAM134‐Dependent ER‐Phagy in Cells
Authors: Palma Alessandro , Reggio Alessio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a pivotal organelle responsible for protein and lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and protein quality control within eukaryotic cells. To maintain cellular health, damaged or excess portions of the ER must be selectively degraded via a process known as selective autophagy, or ER‐phagy. This specificity is driven by a network of protein receptors and regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms governing ER‐phagy, with a focus on the FAM134 family of ER‐resident ER‐phagy receptors. We discuss the molecular pathways and Posttranslational modifications that regulate receptor activation and clustering, and how these modifications fine‐tune ER‐phagy in response to stress. This review provides a concise understanding of how ER‐phagy contributes to cellular homeostasis and highlights the need for further studies in models where ER stress and autophagy are dysregulated.
Application of Myocardial Salvage Index as a Clinical Endpoint: Assessment Methods and Future Prospects
Authors: Zhao Maomao , Niu Xiaowei , Bai Lu , Chen Zixian , Zhao Jing , Chen Fengmei , Zhang Yinchang , Yang Na , Bai Ming 
Published: November 2024

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), traditional clinical endpoints used to assess drug efficacy and prognosis include infarct size (IS), incidence of heart failure, and mortality rates. Although these metrics are commonly employed to evaluate outcomes in AMI patients, their utility is limited in small‐scale studies. The introduction of the myocardial salvage index (MSI) reduces variability in assessments across multiple dimensions, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of outcome measures and reducing the required sample size. Moreover, MSI is increasingly utilized to evaluate drug efficacy, prognosis, and risk stratification in AMI patients. Although a variety of methodologies for measuring the MSI are currently available, the incorporation of these methods as clinical endpoints remains limited. In the clinical application of cardioprotective strategies, it is recommended that MSI be evaluated using late gadolinium enhancement measured along the endocardial surface length combined with IS in cardiac magnetic resonance. In dynamic single‐photon emission computed tomography, an assessment of MSI using methods based on abnormalities in myocardial wall thickening combined with perfusion anomalies is advocated. This review comprehensively outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of different MSI assessment methods and discusses the prospects and challenges of MSI in cardiac protective therapies. Additionally, we summarize recommended strategies for employing MSI as a clinical surrogate endpoint in various clinical scenarios, providing direction for future clinical practice and research.Evidence Level5Technical EfficacyStage 4
High‐Gain, High‐Order Vortex Air Lasing Generated by Plasma Amplification
Authors: Shen Bo , Xue Pengyu , Lu Xu , Wang Jingwei , Zhang Ning , Huang Shunlin , Chen Yewei , Qi Pengfei , Lin Lie , Yao Jinping , Liu Weiwei , Cheng Ya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVortex air lasing opens exciting perspectives for remote generation, amplification, and control of vortex beams in ambient air. By combining the advantages of air lasing and vortex beams, it holds great potential in some specific applications such as standoff detection of chiral molecules and rotating objects. However, it remains challenging to produce high‐order vortex air lasing and flexibly control its orbital angular momentum, hindered by the inhomogeneous distribution and instability of laser‐induced plasma. Herein, vortex lasing with a tunable vortex order from the first up to the tenth order is achieved through vortex seed amplification in plasma. The helical phase structure of the seed is well conserved in the amplification process. Each order vortex air lasing shows the same topological charge as the seed and a doughnut‐shaped profile. Moreover, the amplification factor is up to 104. Generation of high‐order, high‐gain vortex air lasing is attributed to the choice of an appropriate population‐inversion system, as well as the optimal control over spatial matching of pump and seed beams, gas pressures, and focusing conditions. This work facilitates the understanding of the gain mechanism of lasing and promises to extend the application scenarios of air‐lasing‐based spectroscopy.
The effect of alimony on married women's labor supply and fertility: Evidence from state‐level reforms
Authors: Fernández‐Kranz Daniel , Roff Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReforms that reduce spousal support after divorce are generally thought to reduce the bargaining power of alimony recipients as well as their incentives to participate in the traditional model of household specialization. Using the U.S. Time Use Survey and exploiting a series of recent reforms in several U.S. states that reduced the rights of eligible spouses, we find that wives surprised by the reforms reacted by increasing their labor supply, but the adjustment mechanism varied by educational group. While college educated wives' labor supply increased at the expense of time spent on housework and childcare, wives with less than a college degree sacrificed personal care and leisure time. Effects for men are generally smaller and not statistically significant. We also find a reduction in the rate of new births following the reforms, with the effect being much more pronounced in the case of women with a university education, suggesting that part of the difference in time use may be attributable to differences in preferences and the cost of children by educational levels. Since children are a marital public good, our results imply a decrease in marriage‐specific investment. The estimated effects are robust to various sensitivity tests and are greater in couples with a high‐income differential and therefore more exposed to changes in alimony laws.
Student concussion symptoms and tailored accommodations during use of a return to learn program in 13 public high schools
Authors: Philipson Erik B. , Avery Aspen , Takagi‐Stewart Julian , Qiu Qian , Jinguji Thomas , Coppel David B. , Vavilala Monica S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundYouth concussion is common but there is a paucity of information on symptoms students report to school personnel and a gap in understanding what accommodations schools can provide.ObjectiveTo examine symptoms and provision of temporary accommodations in schools for students reporting concussion symptoms.DesignSecondary data analysis of a trial implementing an evidence‐based student‐centered return to learn (RTL) program.SettingThirteen public high schools during the 2021–2022 academic year.ParticipantsSixty‐two students diagnosed with concussion who reported symptoms to school personnel.InterventionsThe school‐based RTL program, which consists of up to four weekly check‐ins with an RTL champion who evaluates symptoms and recommends symptom‐tailored accommodations.Main Outcome MeasuresSymptom profile, accommodation type, and accommodation duration.ResultsA total of 46 (74.2%) students received accommodation for ≤2 weeks and 16 (25.8%) students received accommodation for 3 (21.0%) or 4 (4.8%) weeks. Sixty‐two students experienced an average of 11.2 unique symptoms during week 1. Compared to students whose symptoms resolved within the first 2 weeks, students who received accommodation for 3 or 4 weeks reported higher initial total symptom severity score (p = .02), and higher initial average severity per symptom (p = .01) at week 1. Physical symptoms were most common and received corresponding accommodations most often (75/90 reports: 83.3% of occurrences). In total, 674 (nearly 11 accommodations per student) weekly accommodations were offered.ConclusionsStudents with concussion report a large number and type of symptoms that necessitate symptom‐tailored academic accommodations. High school implementation of an evidence‐based RTL program may aid in identifying and addressing many RTL needs after concussion, including potential identification of students with concussion who will require longer‐term support.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clerkships in medical school: A valuable and integrated addition to the advanced clerkships
Authors: Rydberg Leslie , Mhatre Priya , Kessler Allison , Roth Elliot 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe medical specialty of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) focuses on quality of life, function, ability, and interdisciplinary care. PM&R clerkships are uniquely qualified to teach medical students about rehabilitation and the spectrum of postacute care, medical knowledge, and medical decision making related to health care affecting people with disabilities, health care disparities affecting people with disabilities, and the communication and teamwork strategies to provide a patient‐centered approach to optimize function and outcomes. PM&R clerkships can be used to fulfill stakeholder and governing body requirements, such as medical knowledge, rehabilitation, critical judgment, health disparities, ethics, communication, teamwork, and patient‐centered medical care, in order to maintain accreditation and provide a high‐quality education This review provides both a rationale for a medical student clerkship in PM&R and an effective example of such an experience that has been implemented during medical school training.
Prostate Cancer Classification and Interpretation With Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Gleason Grade Score Using DarkNet53 Model
Authors: Gladis Pushparathi Vasantha Pragasam , Justin Xavier Dhas , Chitra Pandian , Kannan Gopalraj 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundProstate Cancer (PCa) increases the mortality rate of males worldwide and is caused by genetics, lifestyle, and age reasons. The existing automated PCa classification systems face difficulties with overfitting issues, and non‐generalizability, leading to poor classification performance.ObjectiveOn this account, this study proposes an automated classification of PCa from MRI images using a hybrid weighted mean of vectors‐optimized DarkNet53 classifier model.MethodologyThe proposed method suggests nonlocal mean filtering for noise reduction, N4ITK bias field correction to enhance image quality, and active contour‐based segmentation for accurately identifying the disease region. The feature extraction utilizes the gray level run length matrix and shape features for effective feature extraction. A weighted mean of vectors optimization is used to optimize the feature selection process by hybridizing it with the DarkNet53 model for classification. Finally, the interpretation of achieving the classification has been demonstrated using the explainable AI Grad‐CAM model.ResultsAfter comparing the proposed work with various state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, the proposed model achieves 99.31% accuracy, 98.24% sensitivity, and 98.46% specificity, respectively, highlighting the model's accomplishment using the DarkNet53 classifier.
Adaptive servo‐ventilation for the treatment of intrathecal baclofen‐induced central sleep apnea: A case report
Authors: Schisano Matteo , Libra Alessandro , Morana Giorgio , Vancheri Carlo , Spicuzza Lucia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBaclofen is a common muscle relaxant agent used in a number of neurological disorders acting at central level and potentially causing adverse respiratory events, still largely unknown at therapeutic doses. We present the case of a young woman with spastic tetraparesis secondary to perinatal asphyxia treated with a standard dose of intrathecal baclofen who developed nocturnal symptoms, somnolence and memory loss during the day. Nocturnal cardio‐respiratory sleep monitoring showed a high number of central sleep apneas (CSA). The patient was adapted and treated with a positive air pressure device, Adaptative Servo‐Ventilator, specific designed to treat CSA particularly in patients with heart failure. The treatment was well tolerated and within few days CSA was reversed. The patient reported a feeling of restful sleep and disappearance of morning tiredness. The efficacy of the treatment was verified with nocturnal cardio‐respiratory monitoring after 2 months and complete resolution of all symptoms was also confirmed.
The Win Ratio Approach in Bayesian Monitoring for Two‐Arm Phase II Clinical Trial Designs With Multiple Time‐To‐Event Endpoints
Authors: Huang Xinran , Wang Jian , Ning Jing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo assess the preliminary therapeutic impact of a novel treatment, futility monitoring is commonly employed in Phase II clinical trials to facilitate informed decisions regarding the early termination of trials. Given the rapid evolution in cancer treatment development, particularly with new agents like immunotherapeutic agents, the focus has often shifted from objective response to time‐to‐event endpoints. In trials involving multiple time‐to‐event endpoints, existing monitoring designs typically select one as the primary endpoint or employ a composite endpoint as the time to the first occurrence of any event. However, relying on a single efficacy endpoint may not adequately evaluate an experimental treatment. Additionally, the time‐to‐first‐event endpoint treats all events equally, ignoring their differences in clinical priorities. To tackle these issues, we propose a Bayesian futility monitoring design for a two‐arm randomized Phase II trial, which incorporates the win ratio approach to account for the clinical priority of multiple time‐to‐event endpoints. A joint lognormal distribution was assumed to model the time‐to‐event variables for the estimation. We conducted simulation studies to assess the operating characteristics of the proposed monitoring design and compared them to those of conventional methods. The proposed design allows for early termination for futility if the endpoint with higher clinical priority (e.g., death) deteriorates in the treatment arm, compared to the time‐to‐first‐event approach. Meanwhile, it prevents an aggressive early termination if the endpoint with lower clinical priority (e.g., cancer recurrence) shows deterioration in the treatment arm, offering a more tailored approach to decision‐making in clinical trials with multiple time‐to‐event endpoints.
Bio‐Inspired P‐type TeSeOx Synaptic Transistor Based on Multispectral Sensing for Neuromorphic Visual Multilevel Nociceptor
Authors: Zhu Li , Li Sixian , Zhang Feng , Wan Xiang , Tan Chee Leong , Sun Huabin , Yan Shancheng , Xu Yong , Liu Ao , Yu Zhihao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of neuromorphic color vision has significant research implications in the fields of machine vision and artificial intelligence. By mimicking the processing mechanisms of energy‐efficient biological visual systems, it offers a unique potential for real‐time color environment perception and dynamic adaptability. This paper reports on a multispectral color sensing synaptic device based on a novel p‐type TeSeOx transistor, applied to a neuromorphic visual multilevel nociceptor. Due to the intrinsic properties of TeSeOx, its narrow bandgap allows for multi‐wavelength (405, 532, 655 nm) response, and its oxide semiconductor‐based persistent photoconductivity converts optical signals into stored electrical signals, successfully emulating key synaptic characteristics such as excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), multi‐pulse facilitation, and the transition from short‐term to long‐term memory. Additionally, it simulates learning, forgetting, and relearning behaviors, as well as image memory under tricolor light. Finally, using optical signals as a pain stimulus, the fundamental functions of a nociceptor are realized, including “threshold,” “non‐adaptation,” “relaxation,” and “nociceptive sensitization”. More importantly, by using tricolor light, multilevel pain perception is acheived. These results have the potential to advance fields such as autonomous driving, machine vision, and intelligent alert systems.
Stakeholders’ Engagement in Shared Automated Mobility: A Comparative Review of Three SHOW Approaches
Authors: Grandsart Delphine , Bulanowski Kathryn , Cornet Henriette , Debbaghi Fatima-Zahra , Loukea Matina , Gkemou Maria , Schoiswohl Petra , Prutej Walter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the importance of citizen and stakeholder engagement in the development of new mobility services, and how such aspects have been integrated and applied in the EU funded project SHOW (Horizon 2020 GA No. 875530). First, we provide a broad overview of how we engaged end-users and stakeholders in the project’s different pilot sites. Next, we zoom in on three engagement mechanisms—the Ideathon in Carinthia (Austria), the Hackathon in Thessaloniki (Greece) and the MAMCA (Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis) workshop in Tampere (Finland)—, presenting a variety of participative approaches for designing and evaluating new automated mobility services. The chapter offers a comparative analysis of these three approaches, highlighting for each case the opportunities and challenges. We show that stakeholder engagement activities efficiently generate ideas and validate solutions at a local level enriching the innovation process with novel perspectives, yet resource allocation and participant diversity pose challenges.
Physical and Digital Infrastructure (PDI) Support for Automated Vehicles—Case Studies in Austria
Authors: Hula Andreas , Dirnwöber Martin , Ladstätter Stefan , Schaub Andrea , Luley Patrick , Tötzl Daniel , Wittmann Stephan , Schallauer Dominik , Erdelean Isabela , Rehrl Karl , Frötscher Alexander , Monschiebl Bernhard , Prändl-Zika Veronika 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWithin the EU Horizon 2020 project SHOW (GA No 875530) auxiliary measures, via evaluating and adapting physical road infrastructure (for instance lane markings, traffic signs, sight distances), as well as via digital support were explored for their potential contribution to enabling automated shared mobility services on the road environment. This line of research was then followed up on in the EU Horizon Europe Project AUGMENTED CCAM (GA 101,069,717), tackling more specifically with PDI support for automated mobility. This chapter presents the activities and findings of these two projects in relation to physical infrastructure adaptations for automated vehicles for two pilot sites in Austria.
Towards Quantum Multiparty Session Types
Authors: Lanese Ivan , Dal Lago Ugo , Choudhury Vikraman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiparty Session Types (MPSTs) offer a structured way of specifying communication protocols and guarantee relevant communication properties, such as deadlock-freedom. In this paper, we extend a minimal MPST system with quantum data and operations, enabling the specification of quantum protocols. Quantum MPSTs (QMPSTs) provide a formal notation to describe quantum protocols, both at the abstract level of global types, describing which communications can take place in the system and their dependencies, and at the concrete level of local types and quantum processes, describing the expected behavior of each participant in the protocol. Type-checking relates these two levels formally, ensuring that processes behave as prescribed by the global type. Beyond usual communication properties, QMPSTs also allow us to prove that qubits are owned by a single process at any time, capturing the quantum no-cloning and no-deleting theorems. We use our approach to verify four quantum protocols from the literature, respectively Teleportation, Secret Sharing, Bit-Commitment, and Key Distribution.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Semi-rigid Immersed Tube Tunnel Joints
Authors: Ji Hai , Lv Yonggang , Huang Qingfei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge immersed tube tunnel project is the only deep buried and large siltation immersed tube tunnel in the world. There is no similar case in the world. Its stress deformation characteristics are different from those of conventional shallow buried tunnels. According to the traditional design method of immersed tubes, there will be a series of problems. To address these issues, a semi rigid pipe joint scheme between rigid and flexible pipe joints has been proposed. By comparing the forces acting on the joints with traditional types of pipe joints, the mechanical mechanism of semi rigid immersed pipe structures has been revealed. Compared with flexible immersed pipe structural systems, it improves the load-bearing capacity and water tightness of the segment joints, reduces the internal force of the immersed pipe structure, reduces the risk of concrete cracking, and solves the technical problems of deep buried large sedimentation immersed pipe structures. This can provide reference for similar projects.
Mechanical Behaviors of Encased Concrete of Composite Bridges with Corrugated Steel Web
Authors: Wang Yaojun , Liu Bingbing , Hao Qianqian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe encased concrete in a composite bridge with corrugated steel web (CSW) is a critical structure to improve the stability of the web and relieve the stiffness difference between the composite girder and intermediate crossbeam. This study aims to investigate the effects of the encased concrete on the mechanical behaviors of composite girder bridges with CSWs. The finite element model of a rigid frame bridge is established, the calculation method of the shear force sharing ratio of the encased concrete is proposed, and the effect of the length and thickness of the encased concrete is analyzed. The results show that the encased concrete was under compression in longitudinal direction, while vertical tensile stresses occur near the transition section between pure CSW and the composite web. The encased concrete shares 65–90% of the total shear force, and the shear force sharing ratio increases with the increase of the concrete thickness. Increasing the length of the encased concrete reduces the deflection of the girder and pre-compression stress of the top concrete slab. All the findings of present study may provide reference for the design of composite girder bridges with CSWs.