bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of storage time and processing on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of olive cake
Authors: Marcos Carlos N. , de Evan Trinidad , García‐Rebollar Paloma , de Blas Carlos , Carro Maria Dolores 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOlive oil extraction generates olive cake (OC) that could be used in ruminant feeding. However, the chemical composition of OC is affected by multiple factors, being therefore highly variable. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of storage time and further processing: crude, exhausted (subjected to a second oil extraction) and cyclone (obtained from a cyclone separator) on nutritive value of OC samples. Twelve samples (six crude and six exhausted) were obtained monthly from the same pond from 1 to 6 storage months, and nine samples (three crude, three exhausted and three cyclone) were obtained monthly from a different pond from 6 to 9 months storage. Chemical composition was analysed, and OC samples were fermented in vitro with sheep rumen fluid. Increasing storage time up to 6 months decreased sugars and total soluble polyphenols content but increased fibre content in OC. Dry matter effective degradability (DMED) decreased linearly (p < 0.001) by 35.9 and 45.5% as storage time augmented from 1 to 6 months for crude and exhausted OC, respectively. Crude OC had lower DMED values than exhausted OC (averaged values 0.255 and 0.294 g/g, respectively). Both potential production and rate of gas production were lower (p ≤ 0.018) in crude compared with exhausted OC, which was attributed to the high fat content of crude OC (≥86 g/kg dry matter). For samples stored longer than 6 months, cyclone had greater (p < 0.05) DMED than crude and exhausted OC (averaged values 0.207, 0.164 and 0.164 g/g, respectively). The results indicate that ruminal degradability of OC is reduced with advancing storage time, but only subtle changes were observed during the first two months. Cyclone showed greater degradability than crude and exhausted OC, but differences between crude and exhausted OC became negligible after five storage months.
Different Perspectives on Critical Factors in Heritage Language Development and Maintenance
Authors: Flores Cristina , Gürel Ayşe , Putnam Michael T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeritage languages (HLs) are acquired in contexts of unbalanced input, or situations in which children receive primary exposure to the family/HL and experience an abrupt shift after the child begins formal schooling. As a consequence, HL speakers normally become more dominant in the environmental language, while the development of the HL is characterized by variable outputs. This means that HL speakers display more variation in their acquisition process and their “final state” competence compared to speakers of baseline varieties. This observation has raised thought‐provoking debates, which challenge long‐standing assumptions about language acquisition, development, and maintenance. This introduction provides an in‐depth description of the six contributions included in this volume and discusses how they challenge these assumptions. These contributions explore various attributes of HLs from diverse perspectives, using different research methods to advance our understanding of the various factors that facilitate, and in some instances, hinder the developmental trajectory of HLs.
A new ALBI‐based model to predict survival after transarterial chemoembolization for BCLC stage B hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee I‐Cheng , Hung Ya‐Wen , Liu Chien‐An , Lee Rheun‐Chuan , Su Chien‐Wei , Huo Teh‐Ia , Li Chung‐Pin , Chao Yee , Lin Han‐Chieh , Hou Ming‐Chih , Huang Yi‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard treatment for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the outcome varied. This study aimed to develop a model to predict the outcome of TACE in HCC patients.MethodsConsecutive 570 treatment‐naïve BCLC stage B HCC patients undergoing TACE as the initial treatment from 2007 to 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. Factors associated with survival were analysed. Patients undergoing TACE from 2007 to 2011 constituted the training cohort (n = 293), while patients undergoing TACE from 2012 to 2016 constituted the validation cohort (n = 277). Homogeneity and corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) were compared between each prognostic model.ResultsA total of 1796 TACE sessions were performed for the 570 patients during the median follow‐up period of 18.3 months. By multivariate analysis, beyond up‐to‐11 criteria (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.694, P < .001), alpha‐foetoprotein >200 ng/mL (HR = 1.771, P < .001) and albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade 2 or 3 (HR = 1.817, P < .001) were independent predictors of overall survival (OS) in the training cohort. An ALBI‐TAE model based on the three independent predictors of OS from the training cohort was developed to classify HCC patients into four subgroups. The performance of the ALBI‐TAE model was superior to other prognostic models with lowest AICc values and highest homogeneity in both the training and validation datasets as well as the overall cohort.ConclusionsAlbumin‐bilirubin grade is an important factor associated with survival in BCLC stage B HCC patients undergoing TACE. ALBI‐TAE model can be applied to select patients who can get most benefit from TACE.
Prevalence, potential risk factors, and symptomatic bother of lower urinary tract symptoms during and after pregnancy
Authors: Li Zhiyi , Xu Tao , Zhang Lei , Zhu Lan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesNationwide prospective studies of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) during and after pregnancy have never been conducted in mainland China. A prospective longitudinal study was performed to evaluate the association of pregnancy and delivery on LUTS in a representative sample of primiparous Chinese women.MethodsA national survey on urinary incontinence (UI) was conducted in 10,098 pregnant females during late pregnancy (37 to 42 weeks of gestation) and at 6 weeks postpartum.in seven administrative regions of China from September 2007 to May 2009. No intervention was implemented. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary tract Symptoms Module (ICIQ‐FLUTS) was administered. The participants were asked about the presence of individual LUTS and rated their symptom bother. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi‐square tests, and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong all participants (mean ± SD maternal age 26.44 ± 3.97 years), the most commonly reported storage LUTS during pregnancy were nocturia (72.3%) and frequency (43.9%). LUTS were much less prevalent after childbirth than during pregnancy. Moderate to severe bother was more common during than after pregnancy. Compared with vaginal delivery (VD), cesarean section (CS) was a protective factor against voiding LUTS (AOR (adjusted odd ration), 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52‐0.82) and storage LUTS (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.83).ConclusionsLUTS were much more prevalent during than after pregnancy, with nocturia and frequency being the most prevalent. Moderate or severe bother was more common during pregnancy than after pregnancy. CS was associated with a decreased prevalence both of storage and voiding LUTS after delivery.
Deep leaf‐bootstrapping generative adversarial network for structural image data augmentation
Authors: Gao Yuqing , Kong Boyuan , Mosalam Khalid M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmploying Deep Learning (DL) technologies to solve Civil Engineering problems is an emerging topic in recent years. However, due to the lack of labeled data, it is difficult to obtain accurate results with DL. One commonly used method to tackle this issue is to use affine transformation to augment the data set, but it can only generate new images that are highly correlated with the original ones. Moreover, unlike normal natural objects, distribution of structural images is much more complex and mixed. To address these challenges, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) can be one feasible choice. We introduce one specific generative model, namely, Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) and propose a Leaf‐Bootstrapping (LB) method to improve the performance of this DCGAN. To effectively and quantitatively evaluate the quality of the synthetic images generated by DCGAN to complement human evaluation, Self‐Inception Score (SIS) and Generalization Ability (GA) are proposed. We also propose a pipeline based on Transfer Learning (TL) using synthetic images to help enhance a weak classifier performance under the condition of low‐data regime and limited computational resources. Finally, we conduct computer experiments with the proposed methods for two scenarios (scene level identification and damage state check) and one special synthetic data aggregation case. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methods.
Sleep disturbances and related factors among nurses
Authors: Chaiard Jindarat , Deeluea Jirawan , Suksatit Benjamas , Songkham Wanpen , Inta Nonglak , Stone Teresa E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe patterns and potential risk factors for sleep disturbances, including that of sleep apnea, among Thai registered nurses. A descriptive, cross‐sectional design was implemented. A sample of 233 registered nurses was recruited from 10 nursing departments from a tertiary hospital. Participants completed a one‐time, self‐report questionnaire and a 1 week‐long sleep diary. Descriptive and logistic regression statistics were used for the analysis. Approximately 76% of nurses slept less than 7 h, 12.3% had difficulty initiating sleep, and 5% had difficulty maintaining sleep. Short sleep duration was prevalent, and night shift work schedules that exceeded 10 episodes/month were perceived as contributing to difficulties with initiating sleep. After excluding males from the analysis, the risk for depression related to short sleep duration becomes statistically significant. Organizational policies for registered nurses’ shift work should include effective management of night shift assignments, as well as interventional strategies and policy directions, to promote sleep quality and mental health to ensure nurse well‐being and patient safety.
Postnatal human enteric neurospheres show a remarkable molecular complexity
Authors: Schmitteckert Stefanie , Mederer Tanja , Röth Ralph , Günther Patrick , Holland‐Cunz Stefan , Metzger Marco , Samstag Yvonne , Schröder‐Braunstein Jutta , Wabnitz Guido , Kurzhals Stefan , Scheuerer Jutta , Beretta Carlo A. , Lasitschka Felix , Rappold Gudrun A. , Romero Philipp , Niesler Beate 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex network of neurons and glial cells, coordinates major gastrointestinal functions. Impaired development or secondary aberrations cause severe enteric neuropathies. Neural crest–derived stem cells as well as enteric neuronal progenitor cells, which form enteric neurospheres, represent a promising tool to unravel molecular pathomechanisms and to develop novel therapy options. However, so far little is known about the detailed cellular composition and the proportional distribution of enteric neurospheres. Comprehensive knowledge will not only be essential for basic research but also for prospective cell replacement therapies to restore or to improve enteric neuronal dysfunction.MethodsHuman enteric neurospheres were generated from three individuals with varying age. For detailed molecular characterization, nCounter target gene expression analyses focusing on stem, progenitor, neuronal, glial, muscular, and epithelial cell markers were performed. Corresponding archived paraffin‐embedded individuals' specimens were analyzed accordingly.Key ResultsOur data revealed a remarkable molecular complexity of enteric neurospheres and archived specimens. Amongst the expression of multipotent stem cell, progenitor cell, neuronal, glial, muscle and epithelial cell markers, moderate levels for the pluripotency marker POU5F1 were observed. Furthermore, besides the interindividual variability, we identified highly distinct intraindividual expression profiles.Conclusions & InferencesOur results emphasize the assessment of molecular signatures to be essential for standardized use, optimization of experimental approaches, and elimination of potential risk factors, as the formation of tumors. Our study pipeline may serve as a blueprint implemented into the characterization procedure of enteric neurospheres for various future applications.
A PAMP‐triggered MAPK cascade inhibits phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate production by PIP5K6 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Menzel Wilhelm , Stenzel Irene , Helbig Lisa‐Marie , Krishnamoorthy Praveen , Neumann Susanne , Eschen‐Lippold Lennart , Heilmann Mareike , Lee Justin , Heilmann Ingo 
Published: July 2019

Summary

The phosphoinositide kinase PIP5K6 has recently been identified as a target for the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) MPK6. Phosphorylation of PIP5K6 inhibited the production of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), impacting membrane trafficking and cell expansion in pollen tubes. Here, we analyzed whether MPK6 regulated PIP5K6 in vegetative Arabidopsis cells in response to the pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flg22.

Promoter‐β‐glucuronidase analyses and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data show PIP5K6 expressed throughout Arabidopsis tissues. Upon flg22 treatment of transgenic protoplasts, the PIP5K6 protein was phosphorylated, and this modification was reduced for a PIP5K6 variant lacking MPK6‐targeted residues, or in protoplasts from mpk6 mutants.

Upon flg22 treatment of Arabidopsis plants, phosphoinositide levels mildly decreased and a fluorescent reporter for PtdIns(4,5)P2 displayed reduced plasma membrane association, contrasting with phosphoinositide increases reported for abiotic stress responses. Flg22 treatment and chemical induction of the upstream MAPK kinase, MKK5, decreased phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase activity in mesophyll protoplasts, indicating that the flg22‐activated MAPK cascade limited PtdIns(4,5)P2 production. PIP5K6 expression or PIP5K6 protein abundance changed only marginally upon flg22 treatment, consistent with post‐translational control of PIP5K6 activity. PtdIns(4,5)P2‐dependent endocytosis of FM 4‐64, PIN2 and the NADPH‐oxidase RbohD were reduced upon flg22 treatment or MKK5 induction. Reduced RbohD‐endocytosis was correlated with enhanced ROS production.

We conclude that MPK6‐mediated phosphorylation of PIP5K6 limits the production of a functional PtdIns(4,5)P2 pool upon PAMP perception.
Impact of maternal e‐cigarette vapor exposure on renal health in the offspring
Authors: Li Gerard , Chan Yik L. , Nguyen Long T. , Mak Crystal , Zaky Amgad , Anwer Ayad G. , Shi Ying , Nguyen Tara , Pollock Carol A. , Oliver Brian G. , Saad Sonia , Chen Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaternal smoking during pregnancy is a significant risk factor of renal pathology in the offspring. E‐cigarettes are perceived to be a safe option and are increasingly used by pregnant women either continuously during pregnancy or as a replacement for tobacco cigarettes. This study aimed to determine the effects of replacing tobacco cigarettes with e‐cigarettes during pregnancy, and continuous e‐cigarette use during pregnancy on the offspring's kidneys. Female Balb/c mice were exposed to either air (sham) or tobacco cigarette smoke (SE) for 6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. A subset of the “SE group” received e‐cigarette vapor (containing nicotine) after mating until pups weaned. Additional female mice were continuously exposed to e‐vapor (either with or without nicotine) for 6 weeks prior to mating until pups weaned. Kidneys and urine from the male offspring were assessed at postnatal day 1, day 20 (weaning), and 13 weeks of age (adulthood). E‐cigarette replacement was less detrimental to renal development and albuminuria than continuous SE during pregnancy. However, continuous e‐vapor exposure during pregnancy increased markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the adult offspring, independent of nicotine. E‐cigarette use during pregnancy confers future risk to the offspring's kidneys.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide acts against neovascularization in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Fabian Eszter , Reglodi Dora , Horvath Gabriella , Opper Balazs , Toth Gabor , Fazakas Csilla , Vegh Attila G. , Wilhelm Imola , Krizbai Istvan A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) could influence the neovascularization processes in hyperosmotic and oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Hyperosmotic conditions and oxidative stress were induced by 200 mM sucrose and 250 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. Morphology and elasticity of adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE‐19) cells were measured by atomic force microscopy, while the investigation of junctional molecules, such as occludin and ZO‐1, was carried out using immunofluorescence. For cell viability measurement, the MTT test was used. The effect of PACAP on the key angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin, and endothelin‐1, was measured by an angiogenesis array and flow cytometry. Hyperosmotic stress–induced reorganization of the cytoskeleton and impairment of the junctions decreased cell viability and upregulated several angiogenic factors. In oxidative stress, we found that opening of the junctions decreased viability and upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors. PACAP was shown to be protective in both conditions. Retinal pigment epithelium cells play an important role in several diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Therefore, protecting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with PACAP could be a novel and potential treatment in these diseases.
Factors associated with the intention to use adult preventive health services in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Lin , Lee Fang‐Hsin , Chen Shu‐Chuan , Tang Jing‐Shia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis research aimed to examine the factors associated with the intention to use adult preventive health services in Taiwan.Design and SampleUsing Andersen's behavioral model, we employed a cross‐sectional descriptive design to investigate 500 samples from four communities in southern Taiwan.MeasuresWe used a self‐reported survey to assess participants’ intention to use adult preventive health services, and the predisposing, enabling, and need factors influencing their intention.ResultsIntention to use adult preventive health services was more significantly explained by predisposing and enabling factors than by need factors. In addition, a lack of fixed medical facilities (enabling factor) and Taiwanese origin (predisposing factor) were associated with decreased odds of intention to use adult preventive health services. An educational level of high school or below (predisposing factor), higher amounts of exercise (predisposing factor), and lower barriers to use preventive health services (predisposing factor) were associated with increased odds of intention to use adult preventive health services.ConclusionThe findings can assist public health nurses in identifying high‐risk groups with lower intentions of using adult preventive health services. Additionally, community‐based health education program can be developed to increase people's intention to use adult preventive health services.
Venue Preference and Earthquake Mitigation Policy: Expanding the Micro‐Model of Policy Choice
Authors: Choi Junghwa , Wehde Wesley 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeismologists have reported that a majority of recent earthquakes in Oklahoma have been triggered by the activities of oil and gas companies. Despite this fact, there is evidence of strong opposition toward earthquake mitigation policy. In this article, we argue that how individuals define issues affect their policy choice. Furthermore, we incorporate the concept of venue shopping from the literature on macro theories of the policy process to investigate the effect of problem definition in shaping individual venue preference for policy choice. Using unique survey data, we find that problem definition, particularly issue causality and issue image, is strongly related to individual support for earthquake mitigation policy. However, a more nuanced relationship between individual problem definition and venue preference is observed. Our findings contribute to scholarly endeavors to understand the politics of problem definition at an individual level, which may be the precursor of understanding policy choices at the institutional level.
Income Shocks and Partnership Formation: Evidence from Malawi
Authors: Molotsky Adria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ever‐increasing prevalence of negative shocks experienced by poor, vulnerable households often induces extreme measures as ways to recover from the negative effects on income. Child marriage is one of the coping mechanisms households may use. This study examines whether young people in households that experience a negative shock are more likely to marry than those not experiencing a shock, and whether this effect differs by lineage system. I show that marrying off daughters is, in fact, a coping mechanism used by patrilineal households after experiencing a shock and that these effects are potentially strongest for young women who are already out of school. Conversely, I find no significant effect for young men. Additionally, I find suggestive evidence of an increased likelihood of young women engaging in transactional sexual relationships after a shock as an individual‐level coping mechanism. Understanding the mechanisms leading to the increased incidence of these phenomena provides valuable information that can help combat such practices.