bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in blunt‐snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) at two water temperatures with single‐dose oral administration
Authors: Huang Yuqing , Chen Xiaoxuan , Wang Huan , Zhao Hui , Luo Yaner , Wu Zhixin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of florfenicol (FFC) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) were studied in healthy blunt‐snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, 50 ± 10 g). The study was conducted with a single‐dose (25 mg/kg) oral administration at a water temperature of 18 or 28°C, while in the residue elimination study, fish were administered at 25 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days by oral gavage to determine the withdrawal period (WDT) at 28°C. The FFC and FFA levels in plasma and tissues (liver, kidneys and muscle) were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A no‐compartment model was used to analyse the concentration versus time data of M. amblycephala. In the two groups at 18 and 28°C, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of FFC was 5.89 and 6.21 μg/ml, while the time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was 5.97 and 2.84 hr, respectively. These suggested that higher temperature absorbed more drug and more quickly at M. amblycephala. And the elimination half‐life (T1/2kβ) of FFC was calculated as 26.75 and 16.14 hr, while the total body clearance (CL) was 0.09 and 0.15 L kg−1 hr−1, and the areas under the concentration–time curves (AUCs) were 265.87 and 163.31 μg hr/ml, respectively. The difference demonstrated that the elimination rate of FFC in M. amblycephala at 28°C was more quickly than that at 18°C. The results of FFA showed the same trend in tissues of M. amblycephala. After multiple oral doses (25 mg/kg daily for 3 days), the k (eliminate rate constant) of FFA in M. amblycephala muscle was 0.017, the C0 (initial concentration) was 3.07 mg/kg, and the WDT was 10 days (water temperature 28°C).
Assessment of physico‐chemical properties of water and phytoplankton bloom formation in a eutrophic pond using multivariate analysis
Authors: S Dhanya , Joseph Ammini 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn investigation of the water chemistry and phytoplankton bloom formation characteristics of a seasonal earthen pond located in the Alappuzha District, Kerala (India) was carried out during November 2011 to May 2012. Twelve important physico‐chemical parameters (temperature, Secchi disc transparency, pH, electrical conductivity EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia‐nitrogen, nitrite‐nitrogen, nitrate‐nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved iron and chlorophyll a related to phytoplankton growth in the pond were the focus of the present study. Chlorophyll a was used as a measure of phytoplankton biomass. The pond developed subsurface phytoplankton blooms of Chlorella vulgaris, Aphanothece sp., Leptosira sp., Lepocinclis globulus and Lepocinclis fusiformis. Visible scums of Lepocinclis globulus and Euglena proxima was also observed during March 2012. Principal component analysis was performed to understand the biochemical processes in the pond ecosystem leading to the Euglena spp. bloom.
Autonomy and caring: Towards a Marxist understanding of nursing work
Authors: Traynor Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to re‐examine nursing work from a Marxist perspective by means of a critique of two key concepts within nursing: autonomy and caring. Although Marx wrote over 150 years ago, many see continuing relevance to his theories. His concepts of capital, ideology and class antagonism are employed in this paper. Nursing's historical insertion into the developing hospital system is seen in terms of a loss of autonomy covered over by the development of cults of loyalty toward those institutions, while the concept of emotional labour is used to re‐examine nursing's high valuing of “caring” and to understand it as potentially exploitative of nurses. Raising awareness of this alternative way of understanding nursing work can become a first step toward change.
Engineering meiotic recombination pathways in rice
Authors: Fayos Ian , Mieulet Delphine , Petit Julie , Meunier Anne Cécile , Périn Christophe , Nicolas Alain , Guiderdoni Emmanuel 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn the last 15 years, outstanding progress has been made in understanding the function of meiotic genes in the model dicot and monocot plants Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa L.), respectively. This knowledge allowed to modulate meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis and, more recently, in rice. For instance, the overall frequency of crossovers (COs) has been stimulated 2.3‐ and 3.2‐fold through the inactivation of the rice FANCM and RECQ4 DNA helicases, respectively, two genes involved in the repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) as noncrossovers (NCOs) of the Class II crossover pathway. Differently, the programmed induction of DSBs and COs at desired sites is currently explored by guiding the SPO11‐1 topoisomerase‐like transesterase, initiating meiotic recombination in all eukaryotes, to specific target regions of the rice genome. Furthermore, the inactivation of 3 meiosis‐specific genes, namely PAIR1, OsREC8 and OsOSD1, in the Mitosis instead of Meiosis (MiMe) mutant turned rice meiosis into mitosis, thereby abolishing recombination and achieving the first component of apomixis, apomeiosis. The successful translation of Arabidopsis results into a crop further allowed the implementation of two breakthrough strategies that triggered parthenogenesis from the MiMe unreduced clonal egg cell and completed the second component of diplosporous apomixis. Here, we review the most recent advances in and future prospects of the manipulation of meiotic recombination in rice and potentially other major crops, all essential for global food security.
Cross‐country evidence on the determinants of inclusive growth episodes
Authors: Jalles João Tovar , de Mello Luiz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWidening income disparities and slow productivity growth in most advanced and several emerging‐market economies have rekindled interest in the empirical analysis of the determinants of inclusive growth, defined in this paper as episodes of increases in GDP per capita without a concomitant deterioration in the distribution of household disposable income. The empirical analysis is based on a chronology of inclusive growth episodes between 1980 and 2013 for a sample of 78 countries. Logit and multinomial probit estimations show that human capital accumulation, the redistributive potential of tax‐benefit systems, increases in multifactor productivity and labor force participation, as well as trade openness and a range of institutional factors, including political system durability and electoral regimes, are important determinants of the probability of occurrence of inclusive growth. This empirical evidence contributes to the policy debate about how countries can deal with efficiency–equity tradeoffs.
From trust in caregivers’ support to exploration: The role of openness to negative affect and self‐regulation
Authors: Heylen Joke , De Raedt Rudi , Rocklage Matthew D. , Fazio Russell H. , Vasey Michael W. , Bosmans Guy 
Published: June 2019

Attachment theory assumes that trust in caregivers’ support and exploration are closely related. Little research tried to investigate this link, nor focuses on mechanisms that might explain this association. The present studies examined whether trust is related to exploration through a serial indirect effect of openness to negative affect and self‐regulation. In Study 1, 212 children, aged 8–13, completed questionnaires assessing trust, openness to negative affect, self‐regulation and exploration. The results showed that trust predicted exploration, but only to the extent to which openness to negative affect and self‐regulation were involved too. Study 2 refined these findings (n = 59, aged 9–12) using a behavioral measure of openness to negative affect and exploration, and with mother‐reported self‐regulation. Replicating this serial indirect effect of openness to negative affect and self‐regulation with multiple informants and methods, the present studies advance our understanding of how trust might foster exploration in preadolescence.
Novel criteria to exclude the surrogate paradox and their optimalities
Authors: Yin Yunjian , Liu Lan , Geng Zhi , Luo Peng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen the primary outcome is hard to collect, a surrogate endpoint is typically used as a substitute. However, even when a treatment has a positive average causal effect (ACE) on a surrogate endpoint, which also has a positive ACE on the primary outcome, it is still possible that the treatment has a negative ACE on the primary outcome. Such a phenomenon is called the surrogate paradox and greatly challenges the use of surrogates. In this paper, we provide criteria to exclude the surrogate paradox. Our criteria are optimal in the sense that they are sufficient and “almost necessary” to exclude the paradox: If the conditions are satisfied, the surrogate paradox is guaranteed to be absent, whereas if the conditions fail, there exists a data‐generating process with surrogate paradox that can generate the same observed data. That is, our criteria capture all the observed information to exclude the surrogate paradox.
The Corruption of Philosophical Communication by Translation Plagiarism
Authors: Dougherty M. V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDisguised plagiarism often goes undetected. An especially subtle type of disguised plagiarism is translation plagiarism, which occurs when the work of one author is republished in a different language with authorship credit taken by someone else. I focus on the challenge of demonstrating this subtle variety of plagiarism and examine the corruptive influence that plagiarizing articles exert on unsuspecting researchers who later cite them in the downstream literature as genuine products of research. I conclude by arguing that an open discussion of plagiarizing articles in philosophy is necessary for maintaining the reliability of the body of published research and for restoring integrity to scholarly communication.
Artificial neural network and cost estimation for Cr(VI) removal using polycationic composite adsorbent
Authors: Nayunigari Mithil Kumar , Gupta Sanjay Kumar , Nasr Mahmoud , Andaluri Gangadhar , Suri Rominder P. S. , Maity Arjun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA cationic adsorbent, namely polyamine/folic acid composite (PFC) was used to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The optimum pH was 2.0, achieving Cr(VI) removal of 99.4% at an initial concentration 200 mg/L, PFC dosage 0.5 g/L and temperature 298 K within 90 min. Under the acidic condition, electrostatic attractions between anionic species of chromium (

and

) and cations on PFC (NR4+ and H+) enhanced Cr(VI) uptake. Additional removal mechanisms including anion exchange with Cl− (because of the use of epichlorohydrin for PFC preparation), reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and physical interaction could be involved in the adsorption process. Artificial neural network containing a first layer with five inputs, a hidden layer with eight neurons and the last layer with one output was able to predict the Cr(VI) removal efficiency (R2 = 0.919). The total cost of scaling up the adsorption system was $3.53 per m3 of wastewater containing 200 mg‐Cr(VI)/L.
Predicting risk of underconfidence following maternity leave
Authors: van Boxel Elizabeth , Mawson Isabel , Dawkins Sarah , Duncan Sandra , van Boxel Gijs 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo determine what factors affect paediatric trainee confidence on return to work after maternity leave.DesignInformation was collected anonymously via an online survey from trainees who had taken maternity leave.SettingThe survey was distributed centrally to each UK deanery.Main outcome measuresTrainee confidence was rated retrospectively using self-assessment.Results146 paediatric trainees from 12 out of 13 deaneries completed the survey. 96% of trainees experienced an initial lack of confidence, with 36% requiring 3 months or longer for their confidence to return. Prolonged lack of confidence was associated with longer time out of training, training stage, returning part-time, less frequent engagement with educational activities and lack of recognition by supervising consultant.ConclusionWe propose a scoring system using the above risk factors, the MoTHER score (Months out, Training stage, Hours worked on return, Educational activities, Recognition by consultant), which can be used to identify trainees who are at higher probability of experiencing reduced confidence on return to work.
Characteristics of patients with body mass index recorded within the Kent Integrated Dataset (KID)
Authors: Cuccu Zara , Abi-Aad Gerrard , Duggal Allison 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundObesity is a significant health issue and key public health priority. This study explored body mass index (BMI) recording in general practice within the Kent Integrated Dataset.MethodsUsing a sample aged 18–100 years, resident within Kent, who were alive and currently registered to a Kent general practice as of 6 August 2018 within the Kent Integrated Dataset. We identified the latest BMI from event records between 2015/2016 and 2017/2018. Recording was evaluated by sex, age, deprivation, hypertension, serious mental illness and multimorbidity.ResultsBetween 2015/2016 and 2017/2018 using the sample of 1 154 652 persons, BMI was recorded for 43.7% of the sample. Multiple logistic regression showed that BMI recording was higher in females, the middle age bands, persons living in the most deprived areas and within persons who were hypertensive, had serious mental illness or were multimorbid.ConclusionsFindings were aligned to previous research using nationally representative samples. Completeness of recording varied by age, sex, deprivation and comorbidity. Recording within general practice was aligned to chronic disease management. From a prevention perspective, earlier assessment and intervention for the management of excess weight within primary care may be an opportunity for avoiding increases in BMI trajectory. There may also be merit in recognising that the external disease agents that influence obesity can be controlled or reduced (obesogenic environment) from a national policy perspective. Such a perspective may also help reduce stigmatisation and the pressure around arguments that centre on personal responsibility for obesity.
Design and virtual implementation of a biomedical registry framework for the enhancement of clinical trials: colorectal cancer example
Authors: Kotoulas Athanasios , Lambrou George , Koutsouris Dimitrios-Dionysios 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionClinical trials generate a large volume of literature and a vast amount of data. Following the 'open science' model, data sharing has enormous potential to strengthen scientific research. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, there is no existing web based Hellenic biomedical registry that displays available patients for clinical trials, providing direct access to registered physicians to all data, assisting them in finding eligible patients in the initial clinical trial recruitment process.MethodsThis paper describes the design and virtual implementation of a web based prototype biomedical registry in Greece. The system represents an eGovernment framework proposal for the central storage of patients' biomedical information and the operations associated with this process. The increasing tendency to include molecular data as prerequisite elements in clinical trials is adopted in the registry philosophy. The designed system is based on free, open source software and it is implemented virtually on a local host environment.ResultsUsing colorectal cancer as an example, valid data from patients increases the reliability index, demonstrating the functionality of the web application.ConclusionIn conclusion, the combination of biomedical data and information technology in order to display potential participants per health unit, facilitates recruitment for clinical trials.
NHS Scotland’s Decision Support Platform: a formative qualitative evaluation
Authors: Cresswell Kathrin , Callaghan Margaret , Mozaffar Hajar , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: June 2019

ContextThe Scottish Government has identified computerised decision support as a strategic priority in order to improve knowledge management in health and social care settings. A national programme to build a pilot Decision Support Platform was funded in 2015.AimsWe undertook a formative evaluation of the Decision Support Platform to inform plans for its national roll-out in primary care.MethodsWe conducted a series of in-depth semistructured interviews and non-participant observations of workshops demonstrating decision support systems. Participants were policymakers and clinical opinion leaders from primary care. As the Platform was in its early stages of development at the time of data collection, we focused on exploring expectations and drivers of the pilot decision support system tested in primary care. Our methodological approach had to be tailored to changing circumstances and offered important opportunities for realising impact through ongoing formative feedback to policymakers and active engagement of key clinical stakeholders. We drew on sociotechnical principles to inform data analysis and coded qualitative data with the help of NVivo software.FindingsWe conducted 30 interviews and non-participant ethnographic observations of eight stakeholder engagement workshops. We observed a strong sense of support from all stakeholders for the Platform and associated plans to roll it out across NHS Scotland. Strategic drivers included the potential to facilitate integration of care, preventive care, patient self-management, shared decision-making and patient engagement through the ready availability of clinically important information. However, in order to realise these benefits, participants highlighted the need for strong national eHealth leadership to drive a coherent strategy and ensure sustained funding, system usability (which stakeholders perceived to be negatively affected by alert fatigue and integration with existing systems) and ongoing monitoring of potential unintended consequences emerging from implementations (eg, increasing clinical workloads).Conclusions and implicationsIn order to address potential tensions between national leadership and local usability as well as unintended consequences, there is a need to have overall national ownership to support the implementation of the Platform. Potential local tensions could be addressed through allowing a degree of local customisation of systems and tailoring of alerts, and investing in a limited number of pilots that are carefully evaluated to mitigate emerging risks early.
e-Therapies in England for stress, anxiety or depression: how are apps developed? A survey of NHS e-therapy developers
Authors: Bennion Matthew Russell , Hardy Gillian E , Moore Roger K , Kellett Stephen , Millings Abigail 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo document the quality of web and smartphone apps used and recommended for stress, anxiety or depression by examining the manner in which they were developed.DesignThe study was conducted using a survey sent to developers of National Health Service (NHS) e-therapies.Data sourcesData were collected via a survey sent out to NHS e-therapy developers during October 2015 and review of development company websites during October 2015.Data collection/extraction methodsData were compiled from responses to the survey and development company websites of the NHS e-therapies developers.ResultsA total of 36 (76.6%) out of the 48 app developers responded. One app was excluded due to its contact details and developer website being unidentifiable. Data from the missing 10 was determined from the app developer’s website. The results were that 12 out of 13 web apps and 20 out of 34 smartphone apps had clinical involvement in their development. Nine out of 13 web apps and nine out of 34 smartphone apps indicated academic involvement in their development. Twelve out of 13 web apps and nine out of 34 smartphone apps indicated published research evidence relating to their app. Ten out of 13 web apps and 10 out of 34 smartphone apps indicated having other evidence relating to their app. Nine out of 13 web apps and 19 out of 34 smartphone apps indicated having a psychological approach or theory behind their app.ConclusionsAs an increasing number of developers are looking to produce e-therapies for the NHS it is essential they apply clinical and academic best practices to ensure the creation of safe and effective apps.
Adaptive deep brain stimulation as advanced Parkinson’s disease treatment (ADAPT study): protocol for a pseudo-randomised clinical study
Authors: Piña-Fuentes Dan , Beudel Martijn , Little Simon , Brown Peter , Oterdoom D L Marinus , van Dijk J Marc C 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionAdaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS), based on the detection of increased beta oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), has been assessed in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) during the immediate postoperative setting. In these studies, aDBS was shown to be at least as effective as conventional DBS (cDBS), while stimulation time and side effects were reduced. However, the effect of aDBS on motor symptoms and stimulation-induced side effects during the chronically implanted phase (after the stun effect of DBS placement has disappeared) has not yet been determined.Methods and analysisThis protocol describes a single-centre clinical study in which aDBS will be tested in 12 patients with PD undergoing battery replacement, with electrodes implanted in the STN, and as a proof of concept in the internal globus pallidus. Patients included will be allocated in a pseudo-randomised fashion to a three-condition (no stimulation/cDBS/ aDBS), cross-over design. A battery of tests will be conducted and recorded during each condition, which aim to measure the severity of motor symptoms and side effects. These tests include a tablet-based tapping test, a subscale of the Movement Disorder Society-unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (subMDS-UPDRS), the Speech Intelligibility Test (SIT) and a tablet-based version of the Stroop test. SubMDS-UPDRS and SIT recordings will be blindly assessed by independent raters. Data will be analysed using a linear mixed-effects model.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University Medical Centre Groningen, where the study will be carried out. Data management and compliance to research policies and standards of our centre, including data privacy, storage and veracity, will be controlled by an independent monitor. All the scientific findings derived from this protocol are aimed to be made public through publication of articles in international journals.Trial registration numberNTR 5456; Pre-results.