bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers and Long-Term Motor Score Recovery in Patients With Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kopp Marcel A. , Finkenstaedt Felix W. , Schweizerhof Oliver , Grittner Ulrike , Martus Peter , Watzlawick Ralf , Brienza David , Failli Vieri , Chen Yuying , DeVivo Michael J. , Schwab Jan M. 
Published: December 2024

ImportancePressure ulcers (PUs) are (1) prevalent secondary complications after spinal cord injury (SCI), (2) present with elevated systemic inflammatory tone, and (3) may interfere with healing processes underlying neurological recovery (disrepair).ObjectiveTo investigate whether PUs acquired during initial hospitalization are associated with neurological and functional long-term outcome and survival after SCI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsMulticenter cohort study at 20 centers of the prospective SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) Database (Birmingham, AL). Patients with acute traumatic cervical SCI with relevant motor impairment (ie, American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] impairment scale [AIS] A, B, and C) were enrolled from January 1996 to September 2006 and followed up until June 2016. Data were analyzed from April 2021 to September 2024.ExposuresPUs acquired during surgical or first rehabilitative SCI care.Main outcomes and measuresThe change in the ASIA motor score at 1 year after SCI was the primary end point. Secondary end points included the recovery of functional independence measure (FIM) motor score at 1 year after SCI and mortality up to 10 years. ASIA and FIM motor score were analyzed applying linear mixed models with random intercept adjusted for baseline neurological level, AIS, and sociodemographic factors. Mortality was analyzed using Cox regression.ResultsThe study included 1282 patients with a mean (SD) age of 38.0 (15.7) years and consisted of 1028 (80.2%) male patients. Regarding race and ethnicity, 349 of 1249 (27.9%) were African American patients, 1139 of 1273 (89.5%) were non-Hispanic patients, and 834 of 1249 (66.8%) were White patients. During initial hospitalization, 594 patients (45.7%) acquired PUs. Exposure to PUs was associated with impaired motor recovery 1 year after SCI compared with unexposed patients (−9.1 ASIA motor score points; 95% CI, −12.3 to −6.0; P &amp;lt; .001). In addition, PUs were associated with lower recovery of physical independence 1 year after SCI (−8.3 FIM motor score points; 95% CI: −11.1 to −5.5; P &amp;lt; .001). Cox regression confirmed PUs as a risk marker for death up to 10 years after SCI (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.82; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, PUs acquired during initial hospitalization after SCI were independently associated with poor long-term neurofunctional outcome. PUs constitute a modifiable factor associated with risk for worse long-term disability (recovery confounder) and elevated mortality.
Staphylococcus
,
Micrococcus
, and Other Catalase‐Positive Cocci
Authors: Becker Karsten , David Michael Z. , Skov Robert L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Historically, the genera
Staphylococcus
and
Micrococcus
were placed together with the genera
Stomatococcus
and
Planococcus
in the family
Micrococcaceae
, containing Gram‐positive, catalase‐positive cocci. As staphylococci and micrococci are part of the microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes, careful procedures should be used to isolate organisms from the presumed focus of infection without collecting surrounding microbiota. Because serological testing for antistaphylococcal antibodies lacks specificity and predictive accuracy, it plays no role in the diagnosis of most staphylococcal diseases. A number of studies and reviews describing the antimicrobial and biocide susceptibilities of clinically important staphylococcal species have been published. Distinguishing contaminants and colonizers from staphylococcal and micrococcal isolates causing infection continues to be an important challenge for laboratorians and clinicians.
2D Vermiculite Nanolaminated Membranes for Efficient Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Wang Wensen , Hao Xishun , Yan Youguo , Sun Rong , Petit Eddy , Moderne Mathilde , Li Ji , Liu Jiefeng , Wu Huali , Qi Kun , Zamora‐Ledezma Camilo , Narváez‐Muñoz Christian , Hassani Camille Bakkali , Lajaunie Luc , Miele Philippe , Salameh Chrystelle , Zeng Zhiyuan , Voiry Damien 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMembrane separation technology has found widespread application in molecular sieving and water reclamation. Its use in organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has been limited by the modest permeation rates and stability of existing membranes. In this study, 2D clay nanolaminated membranes are engineered, derived from the stacking of exfoliated vermiculite nanosheets, as a potential solution for OSN. The as‐synthesized clay membrane displayed limited stability in both water and solvents due to rapid hydration or solvation of the nanosheets. To enhance the membrane's stability and sieving capabilities, cations of various valences (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+) are intercalated into the interlayer of the clay nanosheets. The resulting cation‐treated clay membranes display considerable enhancement in structural stability in both aqueous and organic media. Subsequently, the solvent transport behavior and separation performance of these clay membranes are evaluated and described by molecular dynamic simulation and experiments. It is identified that Fe‐intercalated nanolaminates demonstrate controllable stacking order, resulting in enhanced sieving performance with a rejection rate of over 95% for Methyl Orange and a methanol permeation rate of ≈165 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 [LMHB]. The findings of this work pave the way for the practical applications of 2D nanolaminated clay membranes in OSN.
Thermo‐Electro‐Magnetic Interactions and ≈1 nm Fe Interfacial Layer Realize High Average ZT in Fe/Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 Below 300 °C
Authors: Jin Kangpeng , Nie Haonan , Gao Fengxian , Ma Jiang‐Jiang , Shu Mingfang , Yan Xi , Ge Zhen‐Hua , Gao Xiao , Zhao Weiyun , Liu Ming , Yu Yuan , Ma Jie , Xu Biao , Fu Liangwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMg3(Sb,Bi)2 alloys offer exceptional near‐room temperature thermoelectric (TE) performance comparable to Bi2Te3. However, the low carrier mobility due to Mg vacancies and relatively high lattice thermal conductivity adversely affect overall TE performance. Herein, carrier mobility and thermal conductivity of Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 are decoupled by modulating both the phase interface and grain boundaries through incorporating different sizes of iron (Fe). Ferromagnetic micrometer‐sized Fe particles enhance the figure of merit (ZT) more than superparamagnetic nano‐sized counterparts. Magnetic moments of Fe induce the charge density overlap near phase boundaries and ≈1 nm Fe interfacial layer lowers grain‐boundary barriers, leading to sharply increased carrier mobility. Moreover, the additional magnon‐phonon scattering reduces lattice thermal conductivity by over 40%. Consequently, Fe/Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 composite achieves a high average ZT of 1.4 over room temperature to 573 K. The fabricated Mg3(Sb,Bi)2‐CdSb module demonstrates a high conversion efficiency of 8.4% under a 275 K temperature gradient, among the best for Mg3(Sb,Bi)2‐based modules. This work uncovers the role of thermo‐electro‐magnetic interactions in bolstering TE performance and inspires the development of low‐cost, high‐efficiency TE modules for low‐grade heat recovery.
Self‐Rectifying Switching Memory Based on HfOx/FeOx Semiconductor Heterostructure for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Ran Haofeng , Ren Zhijun , Li Jie , Sun Bai , Wang Tongyu , Gu Dengshun , Wang Wenhua , Hu Xiaofang , Dong Zhekang , Song Qunliang , Wang Lidan , Duan Shukai , Zhou Guangdong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSneak‐path current is one of the biggest barriers for large‐scale passive memristor array integration. An ideal self‐rectifying resistance random access memory (SR‐RRAM) is a desirable solution but it has not been demonstrated today for optimizing comprehensive indexes for neuromorphic computing. The HfOx/FeOx semiconductor heterojunction SR‐RRAM with a robust self‐rectifying switching behavior featured by an average rectifying ratio (≈104), high resistance ratio (>106), high cycling endurance (>104 cycles), high computing precision (>6 bits) and synaptic plasticity such as paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF) and the spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) for artificial intelligence recognition is developed using the unidirectional conductivity feature of p‐n junction. The electron hopping, tunneling, and blocking in this semiconductor heterojunction that is verified by the energy band mode based on UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) technology and low‐energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (LEIPS) and in situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) observation plays a dominant role in the self‐rectifying analog switching behaviors. This work provides energy‐band engineering for the large‐scale memristor array integration, representing a significant advancement in hardware for neuromorphic computing.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Conjugation‐Extended Isomeric Dimer Acceptors for High‐Performance Q‑PHJ Solar Cells
Authors: Ou Meihong , Lang Yongwen , Lai Hanjian , Deng Zihao , Shen Xiangyu , Wang Yunpeng , Li Heng , Zheng Nan , He Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnd group modification is a crucial strategy for fine‐tuning non‐fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs). Extending the conjugation of end groups enhances electron delocalization, promotes tighter intermolecular stacking, and improves crystallinity and spectral absorption. In this study, a series of isomeric dimer acceptors with conjugation‐extended end groups is synthesized to investigate how the position of end group extension affects the performance of dimers. Using a one‐pot Still coupling method, three dimers with inner end group extensions are efficiently synthesized, significantly reducing synthesis time and cost. Among these, the device based on dBSeIC‐ɛNIC exhibited a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the dBSeIC‐γIC device, which lacks conjugated extension. Building on this, the connection site of the inner end group is optimized and extended the conjugation from the outer end group. As a result, the Q‐PHJ device using dBSeNIC‐γIC/PBQx‐H‐TF achieved a maximum PCE of 17.68%, largely due to a notable increase in fill factor (FF). The study reveals the critical impact of end group conjugation extension on dimer acceptor performance and underscores the importance of selecting the optimal connection site for enhancing OSC efficiency.
Singularities of Radial Gradient Perfect Vortex Beams Generated by Pancharatnam‐Berry Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Shi Weijie , Tang Lili , Dong Zheng‐Gao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPerfect vortex beams (PVBs) have recently attracted much attention because they can maintain donut‐like intensity profiles with sizes that do not depend on topological charges (TCs). The superposition of them can further expand the potential applications. However, the conventional superposition method is limited to PVBs with identical donut sizes and discrete TCs, which reduces the degrees of freedom for flexible manipulation of light. A compact metasurface approach for superposed PVBs with radial gradient sequential integer TCs and numerical aperture is proposed in this paper. This method achieves radial gradient PVBs (RGPVBs) with asymmetric intensity singularity distribution, and the singularity positions can be further modulated by introducing an initial phase in the metasurface design. Additionally, an array of RGPVBs can be realized. This kind of singularity beams of RGPVBs is expected to be used in optical trapping, optical communications, and quantum information.
Triple Regulation of Water Molecules Behavior to Realize High Stability and Broad Temperature Tolerance in Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries via a Novel Cost‐Effective Eutectic Electrolyte
Authors: Lv Wensong , Tan Yi , Guo Chengyue , He Xin , Zeng Lingxing , Zhu Jinliang , Yang Le , Chen Zhengjun , Yin Xucai , Xu Jing , He Huibing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe high activity of water in aqueous electrolyte causes drastic side reactions on the Zn anodes, severely limiting the electrochemical performance of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) under extreme conditions. Herein, levulinic acid is developed as the hydrated deep eutectic solvent (DES), to build a novel non‐flammable and cost‐effective ZnSO4‐based eutectic electrolyte with triple regulation of water molecules behavior, enabling highly stable AZMBs over a wide temperature. In situ experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and spectroscopy analysis jointly reveal that the DES is capable of comprehensively lowering the water activity by simultaneously controlling the behavior of the free, solvated, and interfacial water molecules within the eutectic electrolyte system. Consequently, the Zn anodes exhibit ultralong cycling stability (4500 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mA h cm−2), decent Coulombic efficiency of 99.39%, and excellent temperature tolerance (−20–50 °C). Notably, the designed 2.0 Ah Zn//VOX pouch cell exhibits a recorded actual energy density of 37.46 Wh Kg−1 and 95.38 Wh L−1 at the whole cell level, with a remarkable capacity retention of 81.01% after 150 cycles, demonstrating the potential for scale‐up into real AZMBs. This work provides an in‐depth understanding of the correlation between the water molecule behavior and electrochemical properties of AZMBs.
Diagnosis of necrotic and non‐necrotic small bowel strangulation: The importance of intestinal congestion
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Aoki Yuto , Matsuda Akihisa , Yokoyama Yasuyuki , Takahashi Goro , Iwai Takuma , Shinji Seiichi , Sonoda Hiromichi , Uehara Kay , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the prevalence of laparoscopic techniques in abdominal surgeries today, bowel obstruction remains a potentially serious complication. Small bowel strangulation (SBS), in particular, is a critical condition that can lead to patient mortality. However, the prognosis for SBS is favorable if surgery is performed before the onset of necrosis. Non‐necrotic SBS is a reversible condition in which blood flow can be restored by relieving the strangulation. The purpose of this study was to identify sensitive and specific contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) findings that are useful for diagnosis of both non‐necrotic and necrotic SBS.MethodsWe included patients diagnosed with SBS and simple bowel obstruction (SBO) who underwent contrast‐enhanced CT followed by surgery from 2006 to 2023. Two gastrointestinal surgeons independently assessed the images retrospectively.ResultsEighty SBO and 141 SBS patients were included. Eighty‐seven had non‐necrotic SBS and 54 had necrotic SBS. Mesenteric edema was most frequently observed in both necrotic and non‐necrotic SBS cases followed by abnormal bowel wall thickening. These two findings were observed significantly less frequently in SBO. Bowel hypo‐enhancement is identified in only about half of the non‐necrotic SBS cases, and it was detected at significantly higher rates in necrotic SBS compared to non‐necrotic.ConclusionMesenteric edema and abnormal bowel wall thickening are sensitive and specific signs of both non‐necrotic and necrotic SBS. These two findings indicate mesenteric and bowel congestion. Detecting intestinal congestion can lead to an accurate diagnosis of SBS, particularly in case of non‐necrotic SBS, where bowel hypo‐enhancement may sometimes be absent.
Coordinative Self‐assembly of π‐Electron Magnetic Porphyrins
Authors: Tenorio María , Lozano Marco , Cerna Lenka , Martínez García Miguel , Urbani Maxence , Lauwaet Koen , Biswas Kalyan , Soler‐Polo Diego , Mathialagan Shanmugasibi K. , Parreiras Sofía O. , Gallego José M. , Miranda Rodolfo , Urgel José Ignacio , Torres Tomás , Jelínek Pavel , Bottari Giovanni , Écija David 
Published: December 2024

Abstractπ‐Electron magnetic compounds on surfaces have emerged as a powerful platform to interrogate spin interactions at the atomic scale, with great potential in spintronics and quantum technologies. A key challenge is organizing these compounds over large length scales, while elucidating their resulting magnetic properties. Herein, we offer a relevant contribution toward this objective, which consists of using on‐surface synthesis coupled with coordination chemistry to promote the self‐assembly of π‐electron magnetic porphyrin species. A porphyrin precursor equipped with carbonitrile moieties in a trans arrangement was prepared by solution synthesis and deposited on Au(111)/mica. Depending on the specific growth protocol, surface‐promoted reactions led to the transformation of the precursor into non‐magnetic Au‐CN coordinated porphyrin monomers, covalent porphyrin dimers, and one‐dimensional porphyrin polymers (based on porphyrin monomers or covalent porphyrin dimers), as revealed by scanning probe microscopy studies combined with theoretical calculations. Interestingly, the scanning tunneling microscopy tip could convert such closed‐shell porphyrin units into open‐shell species by the removal of some peripheral hydrogen atoms. The magnetic features (i.e., singlet or triplet ground state) of the porphyrin units comprising the polymers were investigated for polymers of different lengths. No magnetic exchange coupling between adjacent units was observed, suggesting protection of the magnetic entities.
Evaluation of the Activation Energy for Pyrolytic Degradation of Poly‐L‐Lactide (PLA) During Artificially Accelerated Aging
Authors: Reit Margarita , Krug Natalie , Zarges Jan‐Christoph , Heim Hans‐Peter 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the course of this study, the pyrolytic degradation characteristics of three poly(lactic acid) (PLA) types were investigated under inert conditions using dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) across the temperature range of 23°C–600°C with four heating rates. Specifically, the activation energy and its implications were determined at different stages of degradation. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of various isoconversional methods, including Kissinger, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO), Friedman, and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunnose (KAS) was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of each. The results indicate a decrease in thermal stability, indicated by a shift of the derived mass loss curves to lower temperatures, as confirmed by an increased water content and decreased crystallinity of the test specimen during aging. The study also highlights that if crystallinity and moisture content increase moderately, the thermal degradation curves remain unchanged. Additionally, kinetic analyses using mentioned models indicate a multi‐step degradation process of PLA. The activation energy fluctuates with the conversion rate, suggesting complex underlying kinetics. These findings emphasize the need for dynamic adjustment of predictive models for material lifespan. The three PLA types were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), moisture absorption measurement and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Expression pattern and prognostic significance of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in lung adenocarcinoma as a potential predictor of immunotherapy efficacy
Authors: Baldari Silvia , Antonini Annalisa , Di Rocco Giuliana , Toietta Gabriele 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of alcohol‐associated cancers is higher within Asian populations having an increased prevalence of an inactivating mutation in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a mitochondrial enzyme required for the clearance of acetaldehyde, a cytotoxic metabolite of ethanol. The role of alcohol consumption in promoting lung cancer is controversial, and little attention has been paid to the association between alcohol drinking and pulmonary ALDH2 expression.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of multi‐omics data available in public databases to elucidate the role of ALDH2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).ResultsTranscriptional and proteomic data indicate a substantial pulmonary expression of ALDH2, which is functional for the metabolism of alcohol diffused from the bronchial circulation. ALDH2 expression is higher in healthy lung tissue than in LUAD and inhibits cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways. Moreover, low ALDH2 mRNA levels predict poor prognosis and low overall survival in LUAD patients. Interestingly, ALDH2 expression correlates with immune infiltration in LUAD.ConclusionsA better understanding of the role of ALDH2 in lung tumor progression and immune infiltration might support its potential use as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for improving immunotherapeutic response.
The Longitudinal Effects of Intergroup Contact on Youth Attitudes Towards Ethnic Minorities and Constructive Societal Engagement
Authors: Schaefer Christoph Daniel , McKeown Shelley , Ali Shazza , Dupont Pier‐Luc , Manley David , Rao Sumedh , Taylor Laura K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGrowing empirical evidence demonstrates that intergroup contact has the potential to reap effects that go beyond prejudice reduction. Much of this evidence, however, is based on findings from cross‐sectional surveys. Building on the relatively smaller body of longitudinal intergroup contact research, we conduct a three‐time point survey amongst youth in Northern Ireland to determine whether frequent and good‐quality interactions with ethnic minority groups are associated with later reports on: (1) attitudes towards ethnic minorities, (2) prosocial behaviour towards ethnic minorities, and (3) civic engagement. Data were collected over the period of a school year amongst youth living in Belfast (n = 420, Mage; T1 = 14.9 years) and analysed using longitudinal path analyses and structural equation models in Mplus. Results demonstrate a lagged effect of higher‐quality contact on more positive attitudes towards ethnic minorities over the school year. There was also a lagged effect of more frequent contact on self‐reported prosocial behaviour in support of ethnic minorities. No lagged effects were observed of intergroup contact on civic engagement. Findings highlight the potential longitudinal effects of intergroup contact on attitudes and behaviours towards ethnic minorities.
Effect of Foam Mat Drying on Extraction of Anthocyanins from Syzygium cumini (Jamun)
Authors: Kaur Amritpreet , Kaur Darshanjot , Qadri Ovais Shafiq 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to analyze the effect of foam mat drying (FD) technology on the anthocyanin extraction from Syzygium cumini (Jamun) pulp. Jamun pulp was foamed using a hand mixer with the incorporation of egg albumin and methylcellulose. The drying process involved three different techniques: hot air foam drying, vacuum foam drying, and microwave foam drying. Microwave foam drying was selected as the preferred method based on the recovery of anthocyanin, with drying power options of 180, 360, and 540 W. For hot air foam drying and vacuum foam drying, temperatures of 50 °C, 70 °C, and 100 °C were employed. It was found that microwave drying with 180 W had maximum anthocyanin recovery, whereas vacuum and hot air drying showed lesser anthocyanin content. The anthocyanin content obtained at this power level was determined to be 491.42 ± 6.97 mg/100 g, indicating a significant increase compared to the initial content. Using lower power levels in microwave FD has proven advantageous by preventing the degradation of anthocyanins due to decreased exposure to heat. Subsequently, various analyses were conducted from the extracts obtained from microwave power 180 W, which included total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and antimicrobial assay. Lower values of TPC were found because of the breakdown of bioactive compounds due to higher power levels. An increased quantity of % DPPH activity was observed. The extract exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy, although no significant antifungal impact was detected. These characterizations offer valuable information about the composition and potential uses of the anthocyanin extract obtained through microwave FD at 180 W power.