bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Historical Presidency: Medical deception and the presidency in antebellum America
Authors: Appel Jacob M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe illnesses of United States presidents have long been a subject of interest to both scholars and the American public. One particular area that has generated considerable study is the management of information surrounding such illnesses. An extensive literature has developed around efforts by the White House to conceal, downplay, or ignore presidential maladies. This literature has largely focused on the period from the Gilded Age to the present, accepting the widespread view that such efforts did not occur until the second half of the nineteenth century. This article examines four antebellum episodes in which the American public was not fully informed about the health of their leaders: James Madison's near‐fatal bout of “bilious fever” (1813), the final illnesses of William Henry Harrison (1841) and Zachary Taylor (1850), and Franklin Pierce's alcohol‐induced psychiatric decompensation after the death of his son (1853). Rather than a modern‐day phenomenon, this article argues that such deception is an ingrained and timeworn feature of the American political tradition.
A Lagrangian for Compressible Flow Focusing on Dissipation due to Thermal Conduction
Authors: Scholle M. , Ismail‐Sutton S. , Gaskell P. H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWith the aim of describing compressible viscous flows by means of a variational principle that takes into account heat conduction, a recently proposed Lagrangian is subjected to a detailed linear wave analysis that stems directly from the Lagrangian. The accompanying thermodynamic equation of state employed leads to a natural decomposition of the conduction term into three contributions, with the importance of each accessed through a detailed analysis employing a recently developed perturbation methodology giving rise to a favorable system of governing Jacobi equations. In addition to the model Lagrangian itself, three potential model scenarios—based on different combinations of the contributions forming the Lagrangian—are rigorously evaluated and appraised, regarding the occurrence, or otherwise, of dissipation recognizable by an attenuation of harmonic waves. Results reveal that two of the four models are suitable candidates, and suggest one in particular.
RhD‐negative red blood cells can be saved during liver transplantation in RhD‐negative patients due to low risk of alloimmunization against RhD
Authors: Juhl David , Braun Felix , Brockmann Christian , Musiolik Ingrid , Bunge‐Philipowski Tina , Luckner Kathrin , Görg Siegfried , Ziemann Malte 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion demand is high in liver transplantation (LT), and thus RhD‐positive (RhD+) red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) are sometimes given to RhD‐negative (RhD‐) patients. Due to immunosuppression, these patients rarely produce anti‐D. We investigated the rate of anti‐D formation in RhD‐ patients undergoing LT who were transfused with RhD+ RBCs as well as the number of transfused RhD‐ and RhD+ RBCs.Study Design and MethodsRhD‐type and transfusion history of all patients undergoing LT between 2010 and 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. In RhD‐ patients, who received RhD+ RBCs, the results of antibody screening test (indirect antiglobulin test and with papain‐treated test cells) and direct antiglobulin test were evaluated.ResultsFive hundred and twenty‐seven patients underwent 576 LT. Eighty‐seven patients were RhD‐, of whom 42 were transfused with RhD+ RBCs. In 34 of them, an antibody screening test result was available more than two weeks after the last RhD+ RBCs transfusion. In two of them, a transient, weak anti‐D antibody was detectable, which disappeared in the further course. Overall, 1352 RBCs were transfused to the 87 RhD‐ patients, 543 of those were RhD+. Most RhD+ RBCs were provided to men and elder women.DiscussionTransient weak anti‐D occurred in two RhD‐ male patients during LT after transfusion of RhD+ RBCs without evidence for a hemolytic transfusion reaction. To save stocks of RhD‐ RBCs, early transfusion of RhD+ RBCs to RhD‐ men and women beyond the childbearing age should be considered during LT.
Laurent expansions of meromorphic modular forms
Authors: Bogo Gabriele , Li Yingkun , Schwagenscheidt Markus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Laurent coefficients of meromorphic modular forms at complex multiplication points by giving two approaches of computing them. The first is a generalization of the method of Rodriguez‐Villegas and Zagier, which expresses the Laurent coefficients as constant terms of a family of polynomials obtained through recursion. The second applies to meromorphic modular forms that are regularized theta lifts, and expresses their Laurent coefficients in terms of Fourier coefficients of harmonic Maass forms.
Study on Mechanical Characteristics of High-Speed Impact Squeezing Process Under Two-Stage Propulsion Pattern
Authors: Guo Junting , Yu Yonggang , Zhang Xinwei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To deeply ascertain the transient extensive deformation process experienced by vehicle surface sealing band under a specified initial impact load within an innovative two-stage propulsion pattern, a sophisticated three-dimensional comprehensive dynamics model coupled with multitype propellant combustion theory and Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) algorithm is established, where VanLeer transport algorithm is applied to facilitate information exchange across computational grids. Following the validation of model rationality by comparing the results of 40 mm propulsion system dynamic impact experiment, numerical simulation is subsequently conducted to analyze the stress–strain characteristics of sealing band material and the mechanical mechanisms of interaction with the steel slope. The simulation results reveal that the dynamic interaction process spans a duration of 2.2 ms, during which the projectile motion transits through three distinct stages: deceleration, rebound, and acceleration. Throughout the deceleration stage, the material undergoes radial deformation and axial stress distribution as a result of the combined influence of extrusion force and friction force, with the peak surface stress reaching 400 MPa. As the projectile undergoes rebound, the front cone section of the material experiences shear fracture, leading to diverse shear conditions in the material surrounding the fractured elements. During the dynamic acceleration squeezing process, there is a progressive sequential failure of the material, propagating from the front to the back, with the proportion of mass experiencing failure reaching 14.8%. The conclusions obtained hold significant implications for the two-stage propulsion system.
Electrochemical Linked to Mechanical Simulation for an Assessment of State-of-Health of Thin-Flexible Li-Ion Batteries on Dynamic Flexing and Calendar Aging
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Jang Hyesoo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Flexible hybrid electronics featuring wearable electronics offer numerous advantages such as function integration, light-weighting, and flexibility. However, the dynamic flexing of the flexible power sources during usage, along with flex-to-install, presents challenges for their durability. While previous research has focused on thick block batteries, the effects of daily motion-induced stresses on the state of health (SOH) degradation of thin-flexible batteries, in conjunction with usage parameters, are not well understood. Factors such as storage duration, operating temperature, flexing frequency, interval, and flex radius may vary, making it impractical and expensive to measure the battery response in every condition. Therefore, electrochemical simulation methods are necessary to predict the SOH degradation of the battery under various environmental conditions, which can assess conditions not previously measured. However, the degradation of the flexible battery is not only due to electrochemical aging but also due to mechanical aging. While electrochemical simulation is well-known, the effect of mechanical factors on degradation is relatively unknown. In this regard, this research seeks to make multiphysics simulations of SOH deterioration during charging/discharging of a flexible battery under dynamic folding, twisting, and static folding using a calendar-aged battery at elevated temperatures. Additionally, the method, which is to link the mechanical simulation to electrochemical simulation, was studied, which may be helpful in further understanding of unknown effects required for future study. The paper thoroughly discusses the developed model's capability to predict SOH degradation caused by mechanical stress and calendar aging. It also explores how accurately the model can illustrate degradation trends under various environmental conditions. The detailed results and their significance are presented comprehensively, providing a clear understanding of the model's effectiveness within the context of the study.
Wideband Equivalent Circuit Modeling and Parameter Extraction Method for Through Via in Ceramic Package Substrate
Authors: Ren Pan , Wang Chulin , Liang Yaya , Zhao Xuan , Li Xiaojie , Pingan Du 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There are numbers of through ceramic vias (TCVs) in ceramic package substrates for vertical interconnection of signal, and it would be very difficult, even impossible, to create the full-wave three-dimensional (3D) model of all TCVs during signal integrity (SI) analysis of a chip package. Thus, this paper presents a π-type equivalent circuit model for a signal TCV in steady of the full-wave 3D model. To improve model accuracy, the model takes into account the parasitic inductance and resistance induced by the skin effect of TCV at high frequencies, as well as the parallel plate effect between multilayer ground planes. A more accurate calculation method of via-plate capacitance is proposed based on the quasi-static method. According to the feature selective verification (FSV) method, the TCV S parameters calculated by the equivalent model and using the via-plate capacitance calculation method proposed in this study are in good consistency with those from high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) full-wave 3D model in a wideband, and the solution time is reduced by 98.85%.
Unsteady Loss Mechanisms in Low-Pressure Turbines With Diverging End-Walls Studied Via High-Fidelity Simulation
Authors: Rosenzweig Marco , Kozul Melissa , Sandberg Richard D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High-fidelity simulations are used to conduct controlled numerical experiments to investigate the effect of periodically incoming wakes on profile and three-dimensional loss mechanisms. The present work considers the MTU-T161 cascade with spanwise diverging end-walls, representative of a high-lift, low-pressure turbine blade. All simulations are carried out at engine-relevant conditions, with exit Reynolds number of 90,000 and exit Mach number of 0.6. Upstream moving bars are used to generate incoming wakes which impinge on the blade and potentially alter its aerodynamic performance. Unlike previous studies, the incoming wakes are subjected to an additional axial pressure gradient when convecting through the passage, due to the divergence of the spanwise end-walls. The evolving secondary vortex systems around the bars periodically disturb the freestream end-wall boundary layer facing the blade leading edge. This ultimately influences the end-wall related losses downstream of the blade and governs the overall aerodynamic performance of the blade. Following validation against available experimental data, a systematic variation of flow coefficient and reduced frequency extends the parametric space studied to encompass engine-realistic operating conditions. The high-fidelity simulations reveal the impact of incoming wakes on blade boundary layer losses and wake-induced losses both at the mid-span and within the end-wall regions. Furthermore, by decomposing the total loss generation, the data-rich results shed light on the underlying physical mechanisms driving unsteady losses when applied to phase- and time-averaged flow fields. Secondary losses incurred in the end-wall region show little sensitivity toward unsteadiness associated with incoming wakes and are rather prone to the turbulence levels in the passage. On the other hand, profile losses show high dependency on bar wakes in the absence of wake fogging. While profile losses can be minimized by certain combinations of flow coefficients and reduced frequencies, they remain the dominant source of unsteady loss generation.
Unsteady Flow Mechanism of Corner Separation Control Using Blade End Slots in a Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade
Authors: Liu Yangwei , Zhong Weibo , Tang Yumeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Blade end slots have been proven to be an effective method to suppress corner separation, thereby improving the aerodynamic performance of the compressor. The unsteady effects of blade end slots affiliated with a highly loaded compressor cascade on corner separation control are investigated based on delayed detached eddy simulation under the Mach number of 0.59. The corner separation vortex structures between the datum blade and the end slotted blade are compared. The vortex topologies are markedly reorganized and suppressed by the blade end slots. Unsteady flow behaviors of separation vortex and the corresponding dynamic mechanisms are analyzed in both time and frequency domains. The interaction of the self-adaptive jet flow from the blade end slots to the corner separation flow results in smaller-scale vortices in the blade end region with a higher characteristic frequency. Consequently, the unsteady effects caused by corner separation vortices are significantly reduced in range and intensity through the enhancement of flow mixing and the rapid dissipation of corner separation vortices into larger-scale lower-frequency features. Furthermore, spatiotemporal features and dynamics of corner separation flow with blade end slot control are investigated using the enhanced dynamic mode decomposition method. Results show that the dominant unsteady flow behavior develops with better stability, the intermittency of low-frequency and large-scale behavior is reduced via the blade end slot control.
Bifurcation Analysis in Dynamical Systems Through Integration of Machine Learning and Dynamical Systems Theory
Authors: Mogharabin Nami , Ghadami Amin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Characterizing the nonlinear behavior of dynamical systems near the stability boundary is a critical step toward understanding, designing, and controlling systems prone to stability concerns. Traditional methods for bifurcation analysis in both experimental systems and large-dimensional models are often hindered either by the absence of an accurate model or by the analytical complexity involved. This paper presents a novel approach that combines the theoretical frameworks of nonlinear reduced-order modeling and stability analysis with advanced machine learning techniques to perform bifurcation analysis in dynamical systems. By focusing on a low-dimensional nonlinear invariant manifold, this work proposes a data-driven methodology that simplifies the process of bifurcation analysis in dynamical systems. The core of our approach lies in utilizing carefully designed neural networks to identify nonlinear transformations that map observation space into reduced manifold coordinates in its normal form where bifurcation analysis can be performed. The unique integration of analytical and data-driven approaches in the proposed method enables the learning of these transformations and the performance of bifurcation analysis with a limited number of trajectories. Therefore, this approach improves bifurcation analysis in model-less experimental systems and cost-sensitive high-fidelity simulations. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated across several examples.
Geographic and Grade-Level Disparities in Student Access to School-Based Physical Education and Physical Activity Opportunities Across 25 US States
Authors: Killian Chad M. , Kern Ben D. , Wilson Wesley J. , van der Mars Hans 
Published: November 2024

Background: Most US children and adolescents do not meet recommended daily physical activity (PA) guidelines. Determinants of PA are complex; however, access to opportunities precedes actual PA engagement. Schools are well positioned to support student PA through the provision of physical education (PE) and before, during, and after school PA opportunities through comprehensive (ie, expanded) school PA programming. Monitoring access to school PE and PA opportunities is an essential function of public health. However, there are limited comprehensive data across K–12 settings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate students’ access to PE and expanded recreation time before, during, and after school PA opportunities in K–12 schools across 25 US states. Methods: The US Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy questionnaire was completed by 4845 K–12 PE teachers across 25 states, representing diverse geographical regions, with responses standardized across varying academic calendars. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate access to PE and PA opportunities. Results: Access to PE and PA varied, with elementary schools generally providing more opportunities than middle and high schools. There was an overall misalignment with national PE and recess recommendations. Limited before and after school PA opportunities were also reported. Discussion: The relative dearth of access to PE and expanded PA opportunities currently available to students in relation to national guidelines shows a need for states to prioritize expanding access to PE and recreational PA to reduce disparities. To ensure more equitable student access, collaborative efforts among educators, policymakers, and stakeholders are essential.
Effects of Functional Movement Training on Batting Kinematics in Adolescent Baseball Players
Authors: Cheng He-Sin , Chiu Hung-Ta , Tsai Yi-Ju , Kuo Yi-Liang 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week functional movement training on batting kinematics and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score in young baseball athletes with a composite FMS score of ≤14. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 26 male junior high school baseball players (chronological age 13.52 y [0.66]; predicted age at peak height velocity 13.68 y [0.42]), randomly assigned to an experimental (performing functional movement training), or, a control group (performing routine training). Batting kinematics were assessed using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system, and FMS score was evaluated using the FMS test. Both outcomes were measured before and after training. Results: The experimental group significantly improved batting time and velocity and FMS score after training when compared with the control group. However, there were no significant changes in the other kinematic parameters between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Eight-week functional movement training demonstrated positive effects on batting performance and movement quality in adolescent baseball players with poor movement quality and core control. Further research is warranted to investigate the biomechanical mechanisms underlying these improvements.
Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica
: current insights and complementary review from Chinese cases
Authors: Yuan Qin , Peng Cheng , Sun Xin-Lin , Nie Zi-Chun , Zhang Yi-Wen , Miao Ying-Ye 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica
is an emerging zoonotic pathogen associated with bacteremia, myiasis, and soft tissue infections. It is insufficiently identified and underestimated due to reasons, such as shortcomings of the traditional identification techniques and language barriers in local case reports from different regions. In this review, we summarize the currently available literature. In particular, we added previously overlooked cases from Chinese and other medical communities. The clinical characteristics, identification, and treatment of
W. chitiniclastica
are discussed. This work provides a complete review of the previous work including cases from human, animal, and other sources.
The group A
Streptococcus
pathogenicity island RD2: virulence role and barriers to conjugative transfer
Authors: Roshika Roshika , Baral Sushila , Jain Ira , Prabhu Ashna , Singh Ameya , Sumby Paul 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Serotype M28 isolates of the bacterial pathogen the group A
Streptococcus
(GAS;
Streptococcus pyogenes
), but not isolates of other serotypes, have a nonrandom association with cases of puerperal sepsis, a life-threatening infection that can occur in women following childbirth. In prior studies, we established that RD2, a pathogenicity island present in all M28 GAS isolates but mostly absent from other serotypes, is a factor in the M28–puerperal sepsis association. Here, we identified a significant reduction in the RD2 conjugation frequency in inter-serotype conjugation assays relative to intra-serotype assays. As isolates of most GAS serotypes produce an antiphagocytic hyaluronic acid capsule, while M28 isolates do not, we tested whether the capsule served as a barrier to RD2 acquisition or maintenance. The data showed that capsule production had no impact on the RD2 conjugation frequency or on the ability of RD2 to enhance vaginal colonization by GAS, but did inhibit the ability of RD2 to enhance GAS adherence to vaginal epithelial cell lines. Further molecular explanations for the inter-serotype barrier to RD2 conjugative transfer were investigated, and a conserved, chromosomally encoded Type I restriction–modification system was identified as being key. We also identified that RD2 modifies the GAS transcriptome, including mRNAs encoding virulence factors with adherence and dissemination roles, following exposure to human plasma. Our data provide insights into factors that contribute to the restriction of the RD2 pathogenicity island to discrete subsets of the GAS population.