bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc oxide nanofluids
Authors: Azhdari Afsaneh , Jalal Razieh 
Published: April 2019

Aim:
The combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy (chemophototherapy), presents a promising multimodal method for comprehensive cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of low doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofluids and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation on the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of doxorubicin (DOX) on human prostate cancer DU145 cells.

Materials and Methods:
ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by the solvothermal method and 10% bovine serum albumin was used as the dispersant. The cytotoxic effect of DOX alone and in combination with different concentrations of ZnO nanofluids (0.95-15.6 μg/ml) in the presence and absence of UVA irradiation on DU145 cells was evaluated by -(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. DOX residue inside and outside of DU145 cells was explored by fluorescence microscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The role of ZnO nanofluids and UVA irradiation in DOX-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were evaluated by DAPI staining, comet assay, and flow cytometry.

Results:
The results revealed that low dose of ZnO nanofluids (0.95 μg/ml) accompanied with irradiation enhanced the cytotoxicity and intracellular delivery of DOX in DU145 cells. The percentage of chromatin fragmentation/condensation and DNA tail of DU145 cells treated simultaneously with DOX and ZnO nanofluids was increased after UVA irradiation, whereas no significant changes in cell cycle progression were observed.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that ZnO nanofluids in the presence of UVA irradiation could increase DOX efficiency in DU145 cells, suggesting such modality combinations as a promising approach in cancer treatment.
El hormigón críptico de l’Église de Sainte Bernadette du Banlay en Nevers (1963-1966): Claude Parent y Paul Virilio
Authors: Moreno Moreno Maria Pura , Solano Rojo Montserrat 
Published: April 2019

<p>En la arquitectura francesa de la segunda mitad del s.XX, la reivindicación de planeamientos urbanos, críticos con los fundamentos de la Carta de Atenas, apareció ligada a las exploraciones espaciales de la psicología de la Gestalt. El patrimonio de maestros como A. Perret y Le Corbusier respecto al empleo del hormigón como material fetiche de la modernidad, se complementó con propuestas de arquitectos como Claude Parent que buscaron la revalorización de sus propiedades expresivas en lo visual y lo táctil, y de sus implicaciones sensoriales referidas al desequilibrio en el habitar. Este artículo analizará la L’Église de Sainte Bernadette du Banlay en Nevers (1963-1966), construida por C. Parent bajo los criterios de “La Function Oblique” del grupo Architecture Principe, y sujeta a las características de la arquitectura de los búnkeres del Muro del Atlántico investigada por uno de sus integrantes: el filósofo urbanista Paul Virilio. Parámetros referidos al emplazamiento, la circulación, la función, el espacio y la construcción integral en hormigón permitirán averiguar si la doctrina de lo oblicuo obligada, en este caso, a cumplir una función religiosa o, la materialidad asimilada de los bunkers, respondió en su aleación a una coherente concepción y construcción espacial. </p>
La pertinencia, el territorio y el tiempo
Authors: Abalos-Ramos Ana , Llopis Fernández Pablo 
Published: April 2019

<p>Si algo define la obra de Barclay&amp;Crousse diríamos que es la <strong>pertinencia</strong>. Esta afirmación podría ser el resultado de una primera mirada que se topa con la energía y la solidez que transmiten sus proyectos. Una energía firmemente unida al territorio y al clima, y una solidez profundamente anclada en la cultura y la tradición. </p><p>Tras esa primera mirada, queda el análisis detenido de sus obras, sus dibujos, sus maquetas, para constatar tras él que su arquitectura es de todo menos arbitraria. Como si hubieran sido guiados por fuerzas ocultas nunca muy explícitas trabajan obstinadamente conectados con el contexto peruano; un contexto complejo tanto por sus condiciones geográficas como por sus condiciones socioeconómicas, que asumen y entienden con una actitud no enjuiciadora que les permite operar de forma consciente con las posibilidades reales de las que disponen.</p>
A likelihood framework for deterministic hydrological models and the importance of non-stationary autocorrelation
Authors: Ammann Lorenz , Fenicia Fabrizio , Reichert Peter 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The widespread application of deterministic hydrological models in research and practice calls for suitable methods to describe their uncertainty. The errors of those models are often heteroscedastic, non-Gaussian and correlated due to the memory effect of errors in state variables. Still, residual error models are usually highly simplified, often neglecting some of the mentioned characteristics. This is partly because general approaches to account for all of those characteristics are lacking, and partly because the benefits of more complex error models in terms of achieving better predictions are unclear. For example, the joint inference of autocorrelation of errors and hydrological model parameters has been shown to lead to poor predictions. This study presents a framework for likelihood functions for deterministic hydrological models that considers correlated errors and allows for an arbitrary probability distribution of observed streamflow. The choice of this distribution reflects prior knowledge about non-normality of the errors. The framework was used to evaluate increasingly complex error models with data of varying temporal resolution (daily to hourly) in two catchments. We found that (1) the joint inference of hydrological and error model parameters leads to poor predictions when conventional error models with stationary correlation are used, which confirms previous studies; (2) the quality of these predictions worsens with higher temporal resolution of the data; (3) accounting for a non-stationary autocorrelation of the errors, i.e. allowing it to vary between wet and dry periods, largely alleviates the observed problems; and (4) accounting for autocorrelation leads to more realistic model output, as shown by signatures such as the flashiness index. Overall, this study contributes to a better description of residual errors of deterministic hydrological models.
Spatial and temporal variability of groundwater recharge in a sandstone aquifer in a semiarid region
Authors: Manna Ferdinando , Murray Steven , Abbey Daron , Martin Paul , Cherry John , Parker Beth 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. With the aim to understand the spatial and temporal variability of
groundwater recharge, a high-resolution, spatially distributed numerical
model (MIKE SHE) representing surface water and groundwater was used to
simulate responses to precipitation in a 2.16 km2 upland catchment on
fractured sandstone near Los Angeles, California. Exceptionally high
temporal and spatial resolution was used for this catchment modeling: hourly
climate data, a 20 m×20 m grid in the horizontal plane, and 240 numerical
layers distributed vertically within the thick vadose zone and in the upper
part of the groundwater zone. The finest practical spatial and temporal
resolutions were selected to accommodate the large degree of surface and
subsurface variability of catchment features. Physical property values for
the different lithologies were assigned based on previous on-site
investigations, whereas the parameters controlling streamflow and
evapotranspiration were derived from calibration to continuous streamflow at
the outfall and to average hydraulic heads from 17 wells. Confidence in the
calibrated model was enhanced by validation through (i) comparison of
simulated average recharge to estimates based on the applications of the
chloride mass-balance method to data from the groundwater and vadose zones
within and beyond the catchment, (ii) comparison of the water isotope
signature (18O and 2H) in shallow groundwater to the variability
of isotope signatures for precipitation events over an annual cycle, and
(iii) comparison of simulated recharge time series and observed fluctuation
of water levels. The average simulated recharge across the catchment for the
period 1995–2014 is 16 mm yr−1 (4 % of the average annual
precipitation), which is consistent with previous estimates obtained by
using the chloride mass balance method (4.2 % of the average
precipitation). However, one of the most unexpected results was that local
recharge was simulated to vary from 0 to >1000 mm yr−1 due
to episodic precipitation and overland runoff effects. This recharge occurs
episodically with the major flux events at the bottom of the
evapotranspiration zone, as simulated by MIKE SHE and confirmed by the
isotope signatures, occurring only at the end of the rainy season. This is
the first study that combines MIKE SHE simulations with the analysis of
water isotopes in groundwater and rainfall to determine the timing of
recharge in a sedimentary bedrock aquifer in a semiarid region. The study
advances the understanding of recharge and unsaturated flow processes and
enhances our ability to predict the effects of surface and subsurface
features on recharge rates. This is crucial in highly heterogeneous
contaminated sites because different contaminant source areas have widely
varying recharge and, hence, groundwater fluxes impacting their mobility.
El uso de la cámara oculta en el periodismo de investigación: una certeza y una incógnita
Authors: Magdaleno Alegría Antonio 
Published: April 2019

La posición del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la utilización de la cámara oculta como método de investigación periodístico es clara y taxativa, se trata de una práctica constitucionalmente prohibida. Sin embargo, su posición es polémica. Así, un nutrido grupo de profesionales de la información considera que su prohibición hace imposible el periodismo de investigación y, por tanto, resulta nociva para el funcionamiento del sistema democrático en tanto que se impide que la opinión pública tenga conocimiento de hechos de indudable transcendencia pública como, por ejemplo, supuestos de corrupción política o casos de abuso de poder. La discusión se ha reabierto como consecuencia de que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos ha admitido la utilización de la cámara oculta. En concreto, el citado tribunal permite su uso con determinadas condiciones como, por ejemplo, evitar la identificación de los sujetos grabados. Sin embargo, se suscita la crucial cuestión de si existe algún caso donde resulte admisible la identificación de los sujetos grabados mediantecámara oculta.
Captivity causes taxonomic and functional convergence of gut microbial communities in bats
Authors: Xiao Yanhong , Xiao Guohong , Liu Heng , Zhao Xin , Sun Congnan , Tan Xiao , Sun Keping , Liu Sen , Feng Jiang 
Published: April 2019

Background
Diet plays a crucial role in sculpting microbial communities. Similar diets appear to drive convergence of gut microbial communities between host species. Captivity usually provides an identical diet and environment to different animal species that normally have similar diets. Whether different species’ microbial gut communities can be homogenized by a uniform diet in captivity remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, we compared gut microbial communities of three insectivorous bat species (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Vespertilio sinensis, and Hipposideros armiger) in captivity and in the wild using 16S rDNA sequencing. In captivity, R. ferrumequinum and V. sinensis were fed yellow mealworms, while H. armiger was fed giant mealworms to rule out the impact of an identical environment on the species’ gut microbial communities.

Results
We found that the microbial communities of the bat species we studied clustered by species in the wild, while the microbial communities of R. ferrumequinum and V. sinensis in captivity clustered together. All microbial functions found in captive V. sinensis were shared by R. ferrumequinum. Moreover, the relative abundances of all metabolism related KEGG pathways did not significantly differ between captive R. ferrumequinum and V. sinensis; however, the relative abundance of “Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism” differed significantly between wild R. ferrumequinum and V. sinensis.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that consuming identical diets while in captivity tends to homogenize the gut microbial communities among bat species. This study further highlights the importance of diet in shaping animal gut microbiotas.
Exploring the transcriptome ofluxI−andΔainSmutants and the impact of N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-L- and N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactones on biofilm formation inAliivibrio salmonicida
Authors: Khider Miriam , Hansen Hilde , Hjerde Erik , Johansen Jostein A. , Willassen Nils Peder 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundBacterial communication through quorum sensing (QS) systems has been reported to be important in coordinating several traits such as biofilm formation. InAliivibrio salmonicidatwo QS systems the LuxI/R and AinS/R, have been shown to be responsible for the production of eight acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in a cell density dependent manner. We have previously demonstrated that inactivation of LitR, the master regulator of the QS system resulted in biofilm formation, similar to the biofilm formed by the AHL deficient mutantΔainSluxI−. In this study, we aimed to investigate the global gene expression patterns ofluxIandainSautoinducer synthases mutants using transcriptomic profiling. In addition, we examined the influence of the different AHLs on biofilm formation.ResultsThe transcriptome profiling ofΔainSandluxI−mutants allowed us to identify genes and gene clusters regulated by QS inA. salmonicida. Relative to the wild type, theΔainSandluxI−mutants revealed 29 and 500 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. The functional analysis demonstrated that the most pronounced DEGs were involved in bacterial motility and chemotaxis, exopolysaccharide production, and surface structures related to adhesion. Inactivation ofluxI, but notainSgenes resulted in wrinkled colony morphology. While inactivation of both genes (ΔainSluxI−) resulted in strains able to form wrinkled colonies and mushroom structured biofilm. Moreover, when theΔainSluxI−mutant was supplemented with N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL) or N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC10-HSL), the biofilm did not develop. We also show that LuxI is needed for motility and for repression of EPS production, where repression of EPS is likely operated through the RpoQ-sigma factor.ConclusionThese findings imply that the LuxI and AinS autoinducer synthases play a critical role in the regulation of biofilm formation, EPS production, and motility.
Performance Evaluation of Hot Mixture Asphalt Using Concentrated Rubber Latex, Rubber Compound and Synthetic Polymer as Modifier
Authors: Suaryana Nyoman , Sofyan Tedi Santo 
Published: April 2019

Research on the utilization of natural rubber for Hot Mixture Asphalt as modifier has been widely carried out, and more intensively since 2016 due to the declining global natural rubber price. Further research conducted is the utilization of pre-vulcanized concentrated rubber latex and rubber compound added with antioxidants and treated through vulcanization process. This study experimentally evaluates the performance of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (ACWC) using natural rubber and synthetic polymer as modifier, compared to ACWC without modifier (only petroleum asphalt). The results show that the rubberized asphalt has higher index penetration value as well as higher elasticity compared to petroleum asphalt penetration grade 60, but lower than synthetic polymer modified asphalt. Similarly, the level of performance of rubberized asphalt mixtures, particularly resilient modulus, water resistance, deformation, and fatigue cracking, is between that of petroleum asphalt and synthetic polymer modified asphalt
Unraveling Race, Socioeconomic Factors, and Geographical Context in the Heterogeneity of Lupus Mortality in the United States
Authors: Falasinnu Titilola , Chaichian Yashaar , Palaniappan Latha , Simard Julia F. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease disproportionately affecting women and racial/ethnic minorities. We examined SLE‐related mortality over time to assess whether the impact of race is attenuated when social economic status (SES) and geographic context are also considered.MethodsThis study examined whether social environment attenuates racial disparities in SLE‐related mortality using race‐geographical combinations of the US population known as the “Eight Americas.” This framework jointly characterizes race, SES, and geographical location in relation to health disparities in the United States. Using National Vital Statistics and US Census data, we estimated mortality parameters for each of the Eight Americas.ResultsWe identified 24 773 SLE deaths (2003‐2014). Average annual mortality rates were highest among blacks in three race‐geographical contexts: average‐income blacks, southern low‐income blacks, and high‐risk urban blacks (14 to 15 deaths per million population) and lowest among nonblacks living in average‐income settings (3 to 4 deaths per million population). Age at death was lowest (~47.5 years) for blacks and Asians and highest among low‐income rural whites (~64.8 years).ConclusionBlacks sharing the same social and geographical contexts as whites were disproportionately more likely to die young. Although blacks inhabited three vastly different contexts, SLE‐related mortality parameters did not vary among socially advantaged and disadvantaged blacks. These findings suggest that race may transcend SES and geographical parameters as a key determinant of SLE‐related mortality.
Reversible Conversion Reactions and Small First Cycle Irreversible Capacity Loss in Metal Sulfide‐Based Electrodes Enabled by Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Kim Sanghyeon , Choi Jaewon , Bak Seong‐Min , Sang Lingzi , Li Qun , Patra Arghya , Braun Paul V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSolid‐state batteries can potentially enable new classes of electrode materials which are unstable against liquid electrolytes. Here, SnS nanocrystals, synthesized by a wet chemical method, are used to fabricate a Li‐ion electrode, and the electrochemical properties of this electrode are examined in both solid and liquid electrolyte designs. The SnS‐based solid‐state cell delivers a capacity of 629 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles and exhibits an unprecedentedly small irreversible capacity in the first cycle (8.2%), while the SnS‐based liquid cell shows a rapid capacity decay and large first cycle irreversible capacity (44.6%). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments show significant solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in the liquid cell during the first discharge while SEI formation by electrolyte reduction in the solid‐state cell appears negligible. Along with CV, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are used to investigate the differences between the solid‐state and liquid cells. The reaction chemistry of SnS in solid‐state cells is also studied in detail by ex situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The overarching findings are that use of a solid electrolyte suppresses materials degradation and electrolyte reduction which leads to a small first cycle irreversible capacity and stable cycling.
Soft Wearable Pressure Sensors for Beat‐to‐Beat Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Kim Joshua , Chou En‐Fan , Le Jamie , Wong Sabrina , Chu Michael , Khine Michelle 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWrinkled gold thin films on elastomeric substrates are used as robust parallel plate electrodes for soft capacitive pressure sensors. The wrinkled structures create a robust integration with the polymer, allowing repeated normal force to deform the thin film without failure. By incorporating microridged structures that support the counter electrodes to create air cavities within the elastomeric dielectric layer, pressure sensitivity is further increased to 0.148 kPa−1 over a wide dynamic range of up to 10 kPa. The wide dynamic range and pressure sensitivity of the pressure sensor allow for consistent measurements of the pressure exerted by the radial artery located on the wrist. The soft capacitive pressure sensor displays comparable results when tested against an FDA approved device (Clearsight, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) measuring beat‐to‐beat blood pressure. These soft pressure sensors using wrinkled thin films, therefore, illustrate considerable potential to continuously monitor beat‐to‐beat blood pressure.
A Room‐Temperature Ferroelectric Ferromagnet in a 1D Tetrahedral Chain Network
Authors: Kang Kyeong Tae , Roh Chang Jae , Lim Jinyoung , Min Taewon , Lee Jun Han , Lee Kyoungjun , Lee Tae Yoon , Kang Seunghun , Seol Daehee , Kim Jiwoong , Ohta Hiromichi , Khare Amit , Park Sungkyun , Kim Yunseok , Chae Seung Chul , Oh Yoon Seok , Lee Jaekwang , Yu Jaejun , Lee Jong Seok , Choi Woo Seok 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFerroelectricity occurs in crystals with broken spatial inversion symmetry. In conventional perovskite oxides, concerted ionic displacements within a 3D network of transition‐metal–oxygen polyhedra (MOx) manifest spontaneous polarization. Meanwhile, some 2D networks of MOx foster geometric ferroelectricity with magnetism, owing to the distortion of the polyhedra. Because of the fundamentally different mechanism of ferroelectricity in a 2D network, one can further challenge an uncharted mechanism of ferroelectricity in a 1D channel of MOx and estimate its feasibility. Here, ferroelectricity and coupled ferromagnetism in a 1D FeO4 tetrahedral chain network of a brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 epitaxial thin film are presented. The result provides a new paradigm for designing low‐dimensional MOx networks, which is expected to benefit the realization of macroscopic ferro‐ordering materials including ferroelectric ferromagnets.
Finite Size Effects on the Switching Dynamics of Spin‐Crossover Thin Films Photoexcited by a Femtosecond Laser Pulse
Authors: Ridier Karl , Bas Alin‐Ciprian , Shalabaeva Victoria , Nicolazzi William , Salmon Lionel , Molnár Gábor , Bousseksou Azzedine , Lorenc Maciej , Bertoni Roman , Collet Eric , Cailleau Hervé 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing ultrafast optical absorption spectroscopy, the room‐temperature spin‐state switching dynamics induced by a femtosecond laser pulse in high‐quality thin films of the molecular spin‐crossover (SCO) complex [Fe(HB(tz)3)2] (tz = 1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl) are studied. These measurements reveal that the early, sub‐picosecond, low‐spin to high‐spin photoswitching event, with linear response to the laser pulse energy, can be followed under certain conditions by a second switching process occurring on a timescale of tens of nanoseconds, enabling nonlinear amplification. This out‐of‐equilibrium dynamics is discussed in light of the characteristic timescales associated with the different switching mechanisms, i.e., the electronic and structural rearrangements of photoexcited molecules, the propagation of strain waves at the material scale, and the thermal activation above the molecular energy barrier. Importantly, the additional, nonlinear switching step appears to be completely suppressed in the thinnest (50 nm) film due to the efficient heat transfer to the substrate, allowing the system to retrieve the thermal equilibrium state on the 100 ns timescale. These results provide a first milestone toward the assessment of the physical parameters that drive the photoresponse of SCO thin films, opening up appealing perspectives for their use as high‐frequency all‐optical switches working at room temperature.