bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Disease Incidence Projections in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD)
Authors:   the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) of IeDEA Asia-Pacific, Bijker Rimke , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Pujari Sanjay , Lam Wilson , Chaiwarith Romanee , Wong Wing W , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Kantipong Pacharee , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Nguyen Kinh V , Tanuma Junko , Ng Oon Tek , Sim Benedict LH , Merati Tuti P , Choi Jun Y , Ditangco Rossana , Yunihastuti Evy , Sun Ly P , Do Cuong D , Ross Jeremy , Law Matthew 
Published: March 2019

Background We aimed to project the 10-year future incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and model several intervention scenarios based on a multi-site Asian HIV-positive cohort. Methods Analyses were based on patients recruited to the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD), consisting of 21 sites in 12 countries. Patients on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) were included if they were alive, without previous CVD, and had data on CVD risk factors. Annual new CVD events for 2019–2028 were estimated with the D:A:D equation, accounting for age- and sex-adjusted mortality. Modelled intervention scenarios were treatment of high total cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) or high blood pressure, abacavir or lopinavir substitution, and smoking cessation. Results Of 3,703 included patients, 69% were male, median age was 46 (IQR 40–53) years and median time since ART initiation was 9.8 years (IQR 7.5–14.1). Cohort incidence rates of CVD were projected to increase from 730 per 100,000 person-years (pys) in 2019 to 1,432 per 100,000 pys in 2028. In the modelled intervention scenarios, most events can be avoided by smoking cessation, abacavir substitution, lopinavir substitution, decreasing total cholesterol, treating high blood pressure and increasing HDL. Conclusions Our projections suggest a doubling of CVD incidence rates in Asian HIV-positive adults in our cohort. An increase in CVD can be expected in any ageing population, however, according to our models, this can be close to averted by interventions. Thus, there is an urgent need for risk screening and integration of HIV and CVD programmes to reduce the future CVD burden.
Are You Prepared to S.A.V.E. Your Nursing Student From Suicide?
Authors: Goetz Carol Stier 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
According to the most recently available data presented in the Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994 (United States Bureau of the Census, 1994), 17,100 young Americans (15 to 44 years old) died in 1991 due to suicide. At no other time during the life span were suicide rates so high.
Suicide among college and university students is estimated by some to be 50% higher than for other Americans of comparable age (Westefeld & Pattilo, 1987). Not only is suicide considered by many authors to be the number one health problem on the nation's campuses (Mathiasen, 1988), but the suicide rate for this population has tripled over the past 25 years (Hardin & Weast, 1989).
Professional nursing students could perhaps be at an even higher risk for suicide than other college students. Manicini, Lavecchia, and Clegg point out that "[n]ursing students are more doubtful than other college students about their academic performance. They encounter stress in adjusting to a rigorous program of theory and practice. The reality is often far different from a prospective student's image of it" (cited in Lampkin, Cannon, & Fairchild, 1985, p. 148).
Because of the longevity of contact hours spent with nursing students in both lecture and clinical milieus, nursing faculty are in a uniquely favorable position to identify and assess those students who appear to be at risk for suicide. In addition, as most nurse educators provide supportive relationships, rich with caring and trust for their students, distressed students are usually open to talking to a faculty member. If a suicidal risk is found during the assessment interview, the faculty member should then provide an immediate referral for further psychiatric evaluation and intervention.
To assist faculty in the quick recall of the essential components of this helping process the acronym S.A.V.E. is used:
* S: Suicidal behaviors.
* A: Assessment interview.
* V: Value student.
* E: Evaluation-Referral.
Because a large proportion of students who completed suicides had never been referred for treatment (Dashef, 1984), hopefully, as nurse educators we can "go the extra mile" for our students in crisis. We cannot afford, as Wright, Snodgrass, and Emmons state, "to look the other way while many of our most promising young citizens are playing Russian Roulette with their lives, thus risking societal deprivation of their potential contributions" (1984, p. 64).
Community Spirit, Cultural Connections, and Authentic Learning in Rural Preceptorship
Authors: Oosterbroek Tracy , Yonge Olive , Myrick Florence 
Published: March 2019

Background:
An authentic learning environment fosters socialization of nursing students to a particular community context and unique culture of the individuals who reside in that culture. The final preceptorship provides an extended clinical practice experience allowing for this immersion, while providing consolidation of learning as preparation to enter practice.

Method:
PhotoVoice was used as an innovative data collection method to engage participants throughout the research process. Participants self-selected photographic images that represented the unique rural preceptorship experience through their eyes.

Results:
Rurality was described by participants as more than a geographic location, but as a sense of place, or a way of being and doing, that represented rural life. Rurality was depicted more specifically by participants in terms of community spirit and cultural contexts.

Conclusion:

Rural practice placements have the potential to enrich undergraduate nursing education and to expose undergraduate nursing students to the role of the rural nurse. More research is needed about rural health to understand the cultural and contextual factors that uniquely affect the health status of rural Canadians.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(3):144–151.]
Exploring the Perspectives of Telecommuting Nursing Faculty
Authors: Mintz-Binder Ronda , Allen Patricia 
Published: March 2019

Background:
This study explored the needs of faculty telecommuters for a school of nursing, as well as other programs considering employing telecommuters in the future.

Method:
This was a qualitative descriptive study using content analysis and quantitative demographics. After institutional review board approval was obtained, the study was conducted using a convenience sample of telecommuting nursing faculty from one university. The participants responded to open-ended survey questions describing their experience of telecommuting and provided demographic data.

Results:
Social interaction was key, especially from faculty who initially were in full-time on-campus positions. How social contact is maintained determined overall success in this role. Factors helping included online meetings, online social interactions, positive reports of flexibility, and experienced high levels of autonomy. A Nursing Faculty Telecommuter Interactional Model for Success was created based on these themes.

Conclusion:

Technology appeared to be the driving force of productive work days.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(3):152–159.]
Piloting Virtual Clinical Site Visits in a Family Nurse Practitioner Program
Authors: Bice April A. , Parker Diane L. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
In nurse practitioner (NP) programs, NP faculty are responsible for evaluating student progress via clinical site visits. The purpose of this pilot study revolved around investigating the following aims: virtual clinical site visit feasibility, faculty perspectives related to implementing virtual and face-to-face clinical site visits, and exploration of student learning and related experiences with both virtual and face-to-face site visits.

Method:
This mixed-methods pilot study included cross-sectional assessment of faculty and preceptor perspectives, as well as an open-ended qualitative descriptive survey for students.

Results:
Three themes of student experience were found: We Discussed Strengths and Weaknesses, I Had a Better Experience, and I Had Trouble. Faculty years in practice was significantly associated with preference of face-to-face visits and preference of observing preceptor teaching methods.

Conclusion:

Student learning needs for clinical site visits are multifactorial. Virtual site visits are feasible, cost effective, and time efficient for faculty and nursing administration needs.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(3):160–164.]
Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Intervention on After-Degree Nursing Student Stress
Authors: Marthiensen Robert , Sedgwick Monique , Crowder Rachael 
Published: March 2019

Background:
This exploratory study investigated the effectiveness of a shortened version of an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention with a small sample of after-degree nursing students for managing stress during their practicum.

Method:

A qualitative evaluation design with a purposive criterion sample (
n
= 5) was used to investigate the impact of a Brief Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR-B) intervention on the experience of stress in after-degree nursing students.

Results:
Thematic analysis of participants' narratives resulted in the identification of four categories: (a) hitting a reset button, (b) self-compassion, (c) avoiding a downward spiral, and (d) using an internal coping mechanism. These findings suggested a metatheme of self-awareness involving more efficient and effective detection and management of stress.

Conclusion:

The positive impact for participants in this study suggests that stress management for after-degree nursing students through the use of an MBSR-B intervention is worthy of nurse educators' consideration.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(3):165–168.]
GROWTH: A Strategy for Nursing Student Retention
Authors: Lewis Chrystal L. , Swanzy Debra M. , Lynch Colleen M. , Dearmon Valorie A. 
Published: March 2019

Background:

Faculty focused on student success may look for opportunities to facilitate nursing student retention. Students commonly struggle with study skills, time management, and critical thinking in the nursing curriculum. This article presents the GROWTH (
G
rowth,
R
eadiness,
O
pportunity,
W
ork,
T
ime management, and
H
abits) form, an open-ended question form aimed at the identification of affective, environment, and psychosocial variables known to impede nursing student success.

Method:
Faculty used the GROWTH form when meeting with students in the beginning of the prelicensure program.

Results:
Using the GROWTH form facilitates structured, focused faculty–student meetings and individualized action plans for students who are not achieving their desired level of academic performance. The GROWTH form also encourages students to take ownership of their own learning.

Conclusion:

Using the GROWTH form facilitates faculty–student meetings and encourages student self-reflection. Future research should investigate whether use of the GROWTH form has further implications for program progression and retention.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(3):173–177.]
Intracorneal Ring Segments for Iatrogenic Keratectasia After Laser in situ Keratomileusis or Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Lovisolo Carlo F , Fleming Joseph F 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Intrastromal corneal ring segments (Intacs) were inserted in four eyes with iatrogenic keratectasia, 12 to 44 months after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASEK) in two patients and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in two patients, in order to avoid penetrating keratoplasty and to improve quality of vision.
METHODS: A modified asymmetrical Intacs micro-thin prescription inserts implantation technique was used in three eyes where a 1.0-mm temporal incision and a superior-inferior dissection were performed A thicker segment was implanted in the lower stromal channel and a thinner one was placed in the superior channel. In the fourth eye, because of the severity of the corneal bulging after PRK, two 5.0-mm optical zone symmetrical Ferrara Ring segments were implanted.
RESULTS: len months after surgery, all eyes experienced a significant improvement of uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. The topographical indices showed an overall surface régularisation with increased corneal uniformity and potential corneal visual acuity. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.
CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetrical or symmetrical corneal ring segment implantation in eyes with keratectasia after LASIK or PRK resulted in safe, fairly predictable corneal regularization, with significant improvement of aided and unaided vision. In the short term, these techniques seem to be helpful in reducing the progression of corneal ectasia after excimer laser surgery, delaying or avoiding the need of penetrating keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:535-541]
Dysregulation of T Follicular Helper Cells in Lupus
Authors: Mountz John D. , Hsu Hui-Chen , Ballesteros-Tato Andre 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough multiple and overlapping mechanisms are ultimately responsible for the immunopathology observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, autoreactive Abs secreted by autoreactive plasma cells (PCs) are considered to play a critical role in disease progression and immunopathology. Given that PCs derive from the germinal centers (GC), long-term dysregulated GC reactions are often associated with the development of spontaneous autoantibody responses and immunopathology in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. In this review, we summarize the emerging evidence concerning the roles of T follicular helper cells in regulating pathogenic GC and autoreactive PC responses in lupus.
Skin-Associated B Cells in Health and Inflammation
Authors: Debes Gudrun F. , McGettigan Shannon E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Traditionally, the skin was believed to be devoid of B cells, and studies of the skin immune system have largely focused on other types of leukocytes. Exciting recent data show that B cells localize to the healthy skin of humans and other mammalian species with likely homeostatic functions in host defense, regulation of microbial communities, and wound healing. Distinct skin-associated B cell subsets drive or suppress cutaneous inflammatory responses with important clinical implications. Localized functions of skin-associated B cell subsets during inflammation comprise Ab production, interactions with skin T cells, tertiary lymphoid tissue formation, and production of proinflammatory cytokines but also include immunosuppression by providing IL-10. In this review, we delve into the intriguing new roles of skin-associated B cells in homeostasis and inflammation.
Towards a culture of quality assurance in optometric education in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Moodley Vanessa R. 
Published: March 2019

Background: New optometry education programmes in sub-Saharan Africa share a responsibility for blindness prevention by virtue of producing the countries first practitioners. Programmes need to be relevant and of a high quality to ensure sustainability. A quality culture is not a single event involving an accreditation audit but an integrated continuous system across core academic areas and accepted by all concerned in the programme.Aim: The aim was to determine the extent to which quality assurance is integrated into the 11 participating optometry education programmes in sub-Saharan Africa.Setting: The study was conducted in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A qualitative approach, employing a phenomenological design was used in the study. Key academics in leadership were purposively selected and then consented to participate in interviews covering the core academic areas, namely, governance, recruitment and selection, teaching and learning, curriculum design, staff development, research, community-based training and student support. Transcribed data was iteratively analysed.Results: Only one sub-Saharan country undergoes the three levels of quality audits within a regulated optometric environment. Despite a few pockets of best practices in some core areas, there was a reported general lack of quality assurance initiatives, national guidelines and adequate leadership capacity.Conclusion: This study highlighted the absence of regulatory authorities and mandatory quality audits, which contribute to the general lack of a quality culture in optometry programmes. Schools should aim to embed a culture of quality that produces competent, socially relevant graduates and impactful research. It is recommended that schools at national, regional and global levels collaborate towards the development of a quality assurance culture across optometry education programmes in sub-Saharan Africa.
Handgrip Strength: A Comparison of Values Obtained From the NHANES and NIH Toolbox Studies
Authors: Bohannon Richard W. , Wang Ying-Chih , Yen Sheng-Che , Grogan Kimberly A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Importance: Handgrip dynamometry is probably the most commonly used method to characterize overall human muscle strength.
Objective: To compare and summarize grip strength measurements obtained from two population-based studies.
Design: Secondary data analysis.
Setting and Participants: Data from (1) the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with 13,918 participants and (2) the 2011 normative phase of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox project with 3,594 participants.
Outcomes and Measures: The NHANES values used were the mean and best of three trials; the NIH Toolbox value used was the one maximum trial after a practice trial.
Results: General linear model analysis revealed that values obtained from the NIH Toolbox differed from NHANES best values but not from NHANES mean values. The analysis also indicated, regardless of the values used, that grip strength differed significantly between dominant and nondominant sides, males and females, and age groups. We provide updated reference values for handgrip strength.
Conclusions and Relevance: On the basis of these analyses, we summarize grip strength measures obtained from the NHANES and NIH Toolbox for side, gender, and age group strata. Reference values are essential to assist in the interpretation of testing results and clinical decision making.
DCMIP2016: the splitting supercell test case
Authors: Zarzycki Colin M. , Jablonowski Christiane , Kent James , Lauritzen Peter H. , Nair Ramachandran , Reed Kevin A. , Ullrich Paul A. , Hall David M. , Taylor Mark A. , Dazlich Don , Heikes Ross , Konor Celal , Randall David , Chen Xi , Harris Lucas , Giorgetta Marco , Reinert Daniel , Kühnlein Christian , Walko Robert , Lee Vivian , Qaddouri Abdessamad , Tanguay Monique , Miura Hiroaki , Ohno Tomoki , Yoshida Ryuji , Park Sang-Hun , Klemp Joseph B. , Skamarock William C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This paper describes the splitting supercell idealized test case
used in the 2016 Dynamical Core Model Intercomparison Project (DCMIP2016).
These storms are useful test beds for global atmospheric models because the
horizontal scale of convective plumes is O(1 km), emphasizing
non-hydrostatic dynamics. The test case simulates a supercell on a
reduced-radius sphere with nominal resolutions ranging from 4 to 0.5 km and is based
on the work of Klemp et al. (2015). Models are initialized with an
atmospheric environment conducive to supercell formation and forced with a
small thermal perturbation. A simplified Kessler microphysics scheme is
coupled to the dynamical core to represent moist processes. Reference
solutions for DCMIP2016 models are presented. Storm evolution is broadly
similar between models, although differences in the final solution exist. These
differences are hypothesized to result from different numerical
discretizations, physics–dynamics coupling, and numerical diffusion.
Intramodel solutions generally converge as models approach 0.5 km
resolution, although exploratory simulations at 0.25 km imply some dynamical
cores require more refinement to fully converge. These results can be used as
a reference for future dynamical core evaluation, particularly with the
development of non-hydrostatic global models intended to be used in
convective-permitting regimes.
New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach
Authors: O'Neill H. Brendan , Wolfe Stephen A. , Duchesne Caroline 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Ground ice melt caused by climate-induced permafrost degradation may trigger
significant ecological change, damage infrastructure, and alter
biogeochemical cycles. The fundamental ground ice mapping for Canada is now
>20 years old and does not include significant new insights
gained from recent field- and remote-sensing-based studies. New modelling
incorporating paleogeography is presented in this paper to depict the
distribution of three ground ice types (relict ice, segregated ice, and wedge
ice) in northern Canada. The modelling uses an expert-system approach in a
geographic information system (GIS), founded in conceptual principles gained
from empirically based research, to predict ground ice abundance in
near-surface permafrost. Datasets of surficial geology, deglaciation,
paleovegetation, glacial lake and marine limits, and modern permafrost
distribution allow representations in the models of paleoclimatic shifts,
tree line migration, marine and glacial lake inundation, and terrestrial
emergence, and their effect on ground ice abundance. The model outputs are
generally consistent with field observations, indicating abundant relict ice
in the western Arctic, where it has remained preserved since deglaciation in
thick glacigenic sediments in continuous permafrost. Segregated ice is widely
distributed in fine-grained deposits, occurring in the highest abundance in
glacial lake and marine sediments. The modelled abundance of wedge ice
largely reflects the exposure time of terrain to low air temperatures in
tundra environments following deglaciation or marine/glacial lake inundation
and is thus highest in the western Arctic. Holocene environmental changes
result in reduced ice abundance where the tree line advanced during warmer
periods. Published observations of thaw slumps and massive ice exposures,
segregated ice and associated landforms, and ice wedges allow a favourable
preliminary assessment of the models, and the results are generally
comparable with the previous ground ice mapping for Canada. However, the
model outputs are more spatially explicit and better reflect observed ground
ice conditions in many regions. Synthetic modelling products that
incorporated the previous ground ice information may therefore include
inaccuracies. The presented modelling approach is a significant advance in
permafrost mapping, but additional field observations and volumetric ice
estimates from more areas in Canada are required to improve calibration and
validation of small-scale ground ice modelling. The ground ice maps from this
paper are available in the supplement in GeoTIFF format.