bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Extravascular Lung Water and Oxygenation in ALI/ARDS Patients in Septic Shock: Possible Role in the Development of Atelectasis?
Authors: Szakmany T. , Heigl P. , Molnar Z. 
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PaO2/FiO2 ratio and extravascular lung water in septic shock-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in a prospective observational clinical trial. Twenty-three patients suffering from sepsis induced acute respiratory distress syndrome were recruited. All patients were ventilated in pressure control/support mode. Haemodynamic parameters were determined by arterial thermodilution (PiCCO) eight hourly for 72 hours. At the same time blood gas analyses were done and respiratory parameters were also recorded. Data are presented as mean±SD. For statistical analysis Pearson's correlation test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used respectively. Significant negative correlation was found between extravascular lung water and PaO2/FiO2 (r= −0.355, P<0.001), and significant positive correlation was shown between extravascular lung water and PEEP (r=0.557, P<0.001). A post-hoc analysis was performed when “low” PEEP: <10 cmH2O and “high” PEEP: (10 cmH2O PEEP was applied, and neither the oxygenation, nor the driving pressure or the PaCO2 differed significantly, but the extravascular lung water showed significant difference when “high” or “low” PEEP was applied (13±5 vs 9±2 ml/kg respectively, P=0.001). This study found significant negative correlation between extravascular lung water and PaO2/FiO2. The mechanism by which extravascular lung water affects oxygenation is unknown but the significant positive correlation between PEEP and extravascular lung water shown in this trial suggests that the latter may have a role in the development of alveolar atelectasis.
Sevoflurane versus Propofol for Induction of Anaesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Loughnan T. , McKenzie G. , Leong S. 
Published: January 2019

Propofol is often used to induce anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy. Some patients who receive propofol have fits of poor quality or inadequate duration despite increasing electroconvulsive therapy doses. Sevoflurane has been reported to exhibit pro-convulsant properties in some “at-risk” patients during anaesthesia for other procedures. The purpose of this study was to perform a randomized crossover trial in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy, comparing the effects on seizure parameters of propofol versus sevoflurane induction. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either sevoflurane or propofol for their first treatment. In the subsequent treatment the alternative agent was used. Patients in both treatment groups exhibited equally good fits, with those in the sevoflurane group having slightly better morphology, which is the most subjective of the parameters measured. The sevoflurane administrations were associated with slightly higher pulse rates and blood pressures. Sevoflurane provides a suitable alternative to propofol for anaesthesia in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy, although the slightly greater pulse rate rise and blood pressure rise should be considered in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
Balanced Total Intravenous Anaesthesia and Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Norbury A. , Rocke A. D. , Brock-Utne J. G. , Mackenzie R. , Welsh N. , Downing J. W. 
Published: January 2019

Twenty patients, aged 21 to 48 years and rated ASA physical status I, were studied during ophthalmic surgery. Ten subjects (Group I) received thiopentone, halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen, and ten (Group II) received total intravenous anaesthesia, using flunitrazepam and ketamine. Ventilation was controlled mechanically with the aid of a muscle relaxant. Both anaesthetic techniques caused a significant decrease in intraocular pressure. After an initial decline in systolic arterial pressure and an increase in heart rate, cardiovascular status was well maintained in the two series. Side effects were uncommon with both techniques. Balanced total intravenous anaesthesia with flunitrazepam, ketamine and relaxant appears to offer a safe alternative to conventional inhalation narcosis for intraocular surgery.
Vasoconstrictor Effects of Adrenaline in Human Septic Shock
Authors: Lipman J. , Roux A. , Kraus P. 
Published: January 2019

In an open prospective study, adrenaline administration in ten patients with eleven episodes of septic shock was studied. Appropriate supportive therapy (antibiotics, laparotomies, parenteral alimentation, ventilation) was given as needed. Haemoglobin was kept at or above 12 g%, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure kept at approximately 15 mmHg, and cardiac index at greater than 4.5 l/min/m2. Only when systemic vascular resistance (SVR) dropped below 600 dyn. s. cm−5 was adrenaline given to raise the latter to no higher than 800 dyn. s. cm−5 and the adrenaline was titrated to this end point. Adrenaline was used at doses up to 0.47 μg/kg/min for up to nineteen days. There was no reliable dose response curve for adrenaline: each septic insult needed different dosages. However, if high enough doses were given, SVR eventually increased. There was no deterioration in cardiac index nor further increase in pulse rate and no renal damage was demonstrated. Only one patient died in septic shock. Two others died from causes not directly related to sepsis and another two while still in hospital, but again not septic. Five patients were eventually discharged from hospital. Adrenaline can thus be used as a vasoconstrictor in septic shock without adverse effects, but initial doses have to be high and the effects measured and titrated carefully. Used this way, adrenaline provides time for the eradication of sepsis.
The effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on clinical and paraclinical features of intractable epileptic patients: a triple blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Omrani Shaghayegh , Taheri Mohammad , Omrani Mir Davood , Arsang‐Jang Shahram , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLong chain omega‐3 fatty acids (omega‐3 FAs) supplements have been shown to exert beneficial effects in patients with epilepsy through elevation of seizure thresholds and dampening of inflammatory responses. In this triple blind randomized, placebo‐controlled parallel group trial of omega‐3 FA supplementation, 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as placebo capsules were administered twice a day in 50 patients with refractory seizure during a 16‐week period respectively. Seizure frequency and duration were reduced after completion of the treatment in the supplement group. The supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in TNF‐α and IL‐6 concentrations. Further studies are needed to compare different omega‐3 FA compositions and determine the most effective dose and treatment duration as well as the long term benefits of this supplementation.
Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Is Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in High-Risk Patients After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Meersch Melanie , Küllmar Mira , Renfurm Ronny , Margraf Andreas , Bormann Eike , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Acute kidney injury is a common complication after cardiac surgery, with a high impact on morbidity and mortality. Vascular adhesion protein-1 is involved in inflammation, which, in turn, is part of the development of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
In this ancillary study to the RENal effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in cardiac surgery trial, we investigated whether vascular adhesion protein-1 might be associated with the development of acute kidney injury in high-risk patients after cardiac surgery. In total, 114 patients were included in this data set. Acute kidney injury was defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria serum creatinine and/or urine output. Vascular adhesion protein-1 concentrations were measured at baseline (before surgery), 4 hours, and 12 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass.

RESULTS:
Vascular adhesion protein-1 levels at 12 hours were significantly higher in patients with acute kidney injury (no acute kidney injury, 271 ng/mL [Q1, Q3, 179, 364 ng/mL] versus acute kidney injury, 384 ng/mL [Q1, Q3, 311, 478 ng/mL]; P < .001). Moreover, patients developing acute kidney injury had higher differences in vascular adhesion protein-1 levels between 12 hours and baseline (P < .001) and between 12 and 4 hours (P < .001) after cardiopulmonary bypass. At a cut point difference value of 99 ng/mL (95% CI, 63–133) between 12 hours and baseline, patients with differences >99 ng/mL showed a higher occurrence rate of acute kidney injury (acute kidney injury, 78.6% versus no acute kidney injury, 31.5%; P < .001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated best performance for vascular adhesion protein-1 levels at 12 hours for acute kidney injury within 72 hours after surgery, especially in the subgroup of patients with chronic kidney disease (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.78; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Vascular adhesion protein-1 is elevated in patients developing acute kidney injury assuming that vascular adhesion protein-1 plays a crucial role in the development of acute kidney injury in high-risk patients after cardiac surgery.
Exercise Training Prevents Doxorubicin-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction of the Liver
Authors: HINKLEY J. MATTHEW , MORTON AARON B. , ICHINOSEKI-SEKINE NORIKO , HUERTAS ANDRES MOR , SMUDER ASHLEY J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers. However, clinical use of DOX is limited by irreversible and dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. The liver is the primary organ responsible for the clearance of antineoplastic agents, and evidence indicates that hepatotoxicity occurs as a result of impaired mitochondrial efficiency during DOX metabolism. In this regard, exercise training is sufficient to improve mitochondrial function and protect against DOX-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term exercise preconditioning is sufficient to protect against DOX-induced liver mitochondrionopathy.

Methods
Female Sprague–Dawley rats (4–6 months old) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) sedentary, treated with saline; 2) sedentary, treated with DOX; 3) exercise trained, treated with saline; and 4) exercise trained, treated with DOX. Exercise-trained animals underwent 5 d of treadmill running habituation followed by 10 d of running for 60 min·d−1 (30 m·min−1; 0% grade). After the last training bout, exercise-trained and sedentary animals were injected with either DOX (20 mg·kg−1 i.p.) or saline. Two days after drug treatment, the liver was removed and mitochondria were isolated.

Results
DOX treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction of the liver in sedentary animals because of alterations in mitochondrial oxidative capacity, biogenesis, degradation, and protein acetylation. Furthermore, exercise preconditioning protected against DOX-mediated liver mitochondrionopathy, which was associated with the maintenance of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and protein acetylation.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that endurance exercise training protects against DOX-induced liver mitochondrial dysfunction, which was attributed to modifications in organelle oxidative capacity and mitochondrial protein acetylation.
Quadriceps Impairment Is Associated with Gait Mechanics in Young Adults with Obesity
Authors: VAKULA MICHAEL N. , FISHER KOREN L. , GARCIA STEVEN A. , HOLMES SKYLAR C. , POST BRETT K. , COSTA PABLO B. , PAMUKOFF DEREK N. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Obesity influences gait and muscle function, which may contribute to knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed 1) to compare gait biomechanics and quadriceps function between individuals with and without obesity and 2) to examine the association between quadriceps function and gait biomechanics.

Methods
Forty-eight individuals with and 48 without obesity participated and were matched on age and sex. Gait biomechanics at standardized and self-selected speeds were used to assess peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), vertical loading rate (vLR), internal knee extension moment (KEM), peak knee flexion angle (KFA), knee flexion excursion (KFE), and knee joint stiffness. Quadriceps function was assessed using peak isometric strength (peak torque), early (RTD100) and late (RTD200) rate of torque development (RTD), and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI).

Results
When normalized to fat-free mass, individuals with obesity had lower RTD100 (P = 0.04) and RTD200 (P = 0.02) but higher vastus lateralis CSA (P < 0.01) and EI (P < 0.01) compared with normal weight controls. The group–speed interaction was significant for normalized vGRF (P < 0.01), normalized vLR (P = 0.02), normalized KEM (P = 0.03), and normalized knee joint stiffness (P = 0.02). Post hoc analyses indicate a smaller normalized vGRF and normalized KEM, and lower knee joint stiffness in individuals with obesity compared with normal weight controls at self-selected speed. There were main effects of speed for all kinematic and kinetic variables, and body mass index group for all absolute kinetic variables as well as normalized vGRF (all P < 0.001). A lower vastus lateralis EI (P = 0.04) and greater RTD100 (P < 0.01) were associated with a larger KEM in individuals with obesity.

Conclusion
Individuals with obesity have quadriceps dysfunction that is weakly associated with KEM during walking. Exercise interventions that improve quadriceps function may improve walking mechanics.
Fungsi Intermediary Bank Aceh Setelah Melakukan Konversi Menjadi Bank Umum Syariah
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto 
Published: January 2019

Sebagai salah satu Negara dengan penduduk muslim terbesar didunia, Indonesia merupakan pasar potensial bagi bisnis berbasis syariah termasuk industri keuangan syariah. Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan berbagai upaya agar industri keuangan syariah dapat berkembangan di Indonesia salah satunya adalah dengan membuat ketentuan diperbolehkannya bank konvensional melakukan konversi menjadi bank syariah. Kebijakan tersebut ternyata berdampak positif dalam meningkatkan market share industri perbankan syariah terhadap pangsa pasar industri keuangan di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2016-2017 market share industri keuangan syariah meningkat menjadi 5,3% dan 5,78% padahal pada tahun 2015 market share industri perbankan syariah hanya 4,83%. Meningkatkanya market share industri perbankan syariah, salah satunya disebabkan konversi bank Aceh menjadi bank Aceh Syariah pada tahun 2016. Konversi yang dilakukan oleh Bank Aceh secara umum berdampak positif terhadap market share industri perbankan syariah, namun bagaimana kondisi pada internal pada bank Aceh Syariah sendiri apakah ada perubahan signifikan bank Aceh Syariah dalam menjalankan fungsi intermediary? Guna mencari atas pertanyaan ini maka studi ini perlu dilakukan. Studi ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan pendekatan before after. Data penelitian yang digunakan adalah data skunder yaitu data laporan keuangan bank Aceh Syariah selama 18 bulan sebelum konversi dan 18 bulan setelah konversi. Analisis data menggunakan paired sample t-test dengan menggunakan software SPSS.21. Hasil dari studi ini membuktikan bahwa setelah melakukan konversi menjadi bank Aceh Syariah ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam menjalankan fungsi intermediary baik dari sisi jumlah pembiayaan dan jumlah DPK. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan brand bank Aceh menjadi Syariah berdampak positif dengan keputusan masyatakat untuk menggunakan produk bank Aceh Syariah.
BANALIZAÇÃO DA POBREZA NO BRASIL A PARTIR DAS CONCEPÇÕES DE AMARTYA SEN
Authors: Grubba Leilane Serratine , Corrêa Angélica Da Silva 
Published: January 2019

O artigo tem como tema central a defesa da ideia da banalização da pobreza no Brasil a partir das concepções desenvolvidas por Amartya Sen, com o fito de indagar em que medida o “ser pobre” influencia na exclusão social e na banalização do indivíduo. O objetivo geral é examinar de que maneiras a pobreza poderá privar o ser humano de exercer suas capacidades em diversos espaços e circunstancias em que ele está incluído. A fim de situar o leitor, o trabalho possui dois capítulos, o primeiro focado no conceito de pobreza e seu desenvolvimento, com um olhar sobre o impacto da pobreza no Brasil, assim como, na banalização e exclusão social do pobre; e o segundo, com o enfoque na questão da pobreza como supressão das capacidades a partir das concepções de Amartya Sen. Para tanto, o método de abordagem que servirá de referência para análise das ideias, informações e resultados desta pesquisa é o método dedutivo, juntamente como os métodos de procedimento monográfico e histórico, a fim de ofertar um estudo pontual e específico acerca de uma questão crítica na seara social. Logo a técnica de pesquisa consistirá na bibliográfica. A hipótese apresentada sugere que, embora a trajetória da pobreza apresente características peculiares, conforme as perspectivas de Amartya Sen, é notório que em todos eles há a predominância de situações de empobrecimento, precariedade e de exclusão social de vastos contingentes populacionais. Esse fato, por sua vez, também parece apontar a construção ideológica de uma divisão social, econômica, cultural e política entre ricos e pobres, abastados e destituídos, sob a aparência de normalidade (neutralidade), implicando a ideia de banalização.
Acompanhamento familiar no Suas: diálogo com o município do Rio de Janeiro | Family support in the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS): dialogue with the municipality of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Antônio Carlos de , Paiva Ariane Rego de , Alchorne Sindely Chahim de Avellar 
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivos discutir desafios envolvidos na conceituação de acompanhamento familiar e problematizar elementos dos processos para sua efetivação nas unidades da política de assistência social no Rio de Janeiro, tendo por referências as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Assistência Social e as normativas do trabalho social com famílias do Sistema Único de Assistência Social, a análise bibliográfica e a experiência de extensão desenvolvida pela PUC-Rio em parceria com o órgão gestor da assistência social do município do Rio de Janeiro. Identificou-se pontos de convergência e divergência nos processos de acompanhamento familiar entre os diferentes serviços e as principais questões e dificuldades levantadas pelos profissionais.Palavras-Chave: assistência social; Rio de Janeiro; acompanhamento familiar; trabalho social. Abstract – This study aims to discuss the challenges involved in the conceptualization of family support and to problematize elements of the processes for its effectiveness in the units of the social assistance policy in Rio de Janeiro. The guidelines of the National Social Assistance Policy, the norms of social work with the families of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), and the bibliographic analysis and experience developed by PUC-Rio in partnership with the social assistance agency of the city of Rio de Janeiro were used as references. Points of convergence and divergence were identified in the family support processes between the different services and the main issues and difficulties raised by professionals.Keywords: social assistance; Rio de Janeiro; family accompaniment; social work.
A aplicabilidade da função social da propriedade em face da multipropriedade
Authors: Zappani Danielle , Hulse Levi , Socreppa Anemari 
Published: January 2019

O artigo versa sobre a aplicabilidade do princípio da função social da propriedade no instituto da multipropriedade, de forma a fomentar o desenvolvimento econômico e impulsionar a aquisição compartilhada de bens imóveis. Será estudado o direito de propriedade, seu histórico até chegar na Constituição Federal e no Código Civil. Em um segundo momento o estudo analisará o princípio da função social da propriedade e suas peculiaridades. E, por fim, será invocado o instituto da multipropriedade, suas diferenças com o condomínio comum, bem como a aplicabilidade da função social no instituto da multipropriedade. Conclui-se, portanto, que presente estudo é importante para apresentar à sociedade uma nova forma de fracionamento de imóveis, possibilitando à uma grande parte da população a aquisição de um quota parte de imóvel em local de férias ou veraneio, fomentando a economia preservando o meio ambiente.
A lei do estágio e sua aplicabilidade: uma análise baseada nos estagiários do curso de direito da FURG
Authors: Gonçalves Caroline Soares , Costa Eder Dion de Paula 
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar a aplicação da lei do estágio e a contribuição para a regulação dos estágios vivenciados pelos discentes do Curso de Direito da Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - Furg. Trata-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida para avaliar qualitativamente a realização dos estágios. No que tange aos aspectos estruturais, ainda na parte introdutória, são feitas considerações a respeito do contexto global e o perfil do estagiário de Direito com base no estímulo ao desenvolvimento de novas competências. Como foco da avaliação do cumprimento da lei do estágio e satisfação dos estagiários, o trabalho faz uma crítica à falta de fiscalização e a dinâmica utilizada para recrutar os estagiários na graduação. Estuda ainda aspectos vinculados ao desenvolvimento organizacional, enxergando o estágio como uma ferramenta de construção da proposta metodológica da formação do bacharel em Direito. Como metodologia a pesquisa contempla uma pesquisa documental e de campo. Visto que o número de estagiários é muito grande, quanto à consecução dos objetivos, a pesquisa será descritiva e exploratória. Os resultados, entre outros aspectos, permitiram concluir que a Lei não é cumprida na sua totalidade e pouco disseminada nas instituições de ensino, ainda é possível afirmar que o rigor na fiscalização é pequeno. Além do mais, a relação entre conteúdo do ensino e prática nas atividades realizadas nos estágios são bem destoantes e também outro fator preocupante é a satisfação dos estagiários ativos no mercado de trabalho que pode interferir ou até mesmo definir a continuidade na carreira.
Device-to-Device Radio Link Analysis at 2.4, 3.4, 5.2, 28 and 60 GHz in Indoor Communication Environments
Authors: Sreedevi A. G. , Rao T. Rama , Susila M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has become one of the major areas of research ever since the industry was advancing to LTE and 5G. In this nascent stage of transformation, this research work characterizes the radio link behavior of D2D communication network in an indoor environment utilizing licensed and unlicensed band experiments and ray-tracing based simulations at frequencies of 2.4, 3.4, 5.2, 28 and 60 GHz. The path loss exponent (PLE) and standard deviation are estimated and compared with free space path loss (FSPL), log normal shadowing (LNS), International Telecommunication Union (ITU) model and also, compared with other research works. This work also studied the impact of indoor environments on D2D communications along with link budget, channel capacities and required performance improvements.