bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Mentoring Students Attending Their First Professional Conference
Authors: Flaherty Elizabeth A. , Urbanek Rachael E. , Wood Darren M. , Day Casey C. , D'Acunto Laura E. , Quinn Vanessa S. , Zollner Patrick A. 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Undergraduate students benefit by attending conferences and interacting with professionals.
Active mentoring and support before, during, and after a conference increases student confidence.
Students gained a sense of belonging, social benefits, and career confirmation through the course.
Developing professional relationships likely leads to increased retention of professionals.
This mentoring course focused on students in natural resource and environmental sciences, but the course structure is easily transferrable to other disciplines.
Scientific conferences build professional skills and identity in undergraduate students and provide opportunities for developing professional social skills, a sense of belonging to their field, and an understanding of potential career options. However, undergraduate student attendance at professional conferences is low. When undergraduate students do attend, they often express anxiety associated with speaking with professionals, networking, or with the conference environment. To address these concerns, instructors from several institutions collaborated to develop an undergraduate course with the objective of training students to attend their first professional conference and then traveled with them to experience a conference. The course framework involved meetings with students and course assignments before, during, and after the conference. Assessment results indicated that student outcomes included a greater sense of belonging to their profession, social benefits, gains in confidence, career confirmation, and an improved understanding of the pathways to pursuing a career in this field (i.e., importance of undergraduate research, gaining experience during college, etc.). Our results suggest that formal preparation for attendance at a national scientific meeting maximizes the potential for students to benefit from their experience and reduces the anxiety many students express about attending a professional conference.
2017 Survey of NAFE Members: Their Methods, Estimates, and Perspectives
Authors: Rosenbaum David I , Schap David , Luthy* Michael R 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In January 2017, 565 e-mail invitations to complete an electronic survey were sent to NAFE (National Association of Forensic Economics) members, with libraries and attorneys excluded. The return rate was 33.1%. The survey covered many of the major topics included in earlier surveys, such as values of important economic variables (e.g., discount rates), trends in the practice of forensic economics (e.g., personal sources of earnings), and open-ended questions concerning ethics and reactions to the survey instrument. The survey also included several new or reworded questions, including a series of questions regarding members' education and level of professional activity designed to enhance their knowledge related to forensic practice.
Chemical characterization of long-range transport biomass burning emissions to the Himalayas: insights from high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xinghua , Xu Jianzhong , Kang Shichang , Liu Yanmei , Zhang Qi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. An intensive field measurement was conducted at a remote, background,
high-altitude site (Qomolangma Station, QOMS, 4276 m a.s.l.) in the
northern Himalayas, using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol
mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) along with other collocated instruments. The
field measurement was performed from 12 April to 12 May 2016 to chemically
characterize the high time-resolved submicron particulate matter (PM1)
and obtain the dynamic processes (emissions, transport, and chemical
evolution) of biomass burning (BB), frequently transported from South Asia to
the Himalayas during pre-monsoon season. Overall, the average
(±1σ) PM1 mass concentration was
4.44 (±4.54) µg m−3 for the entire study, which is comparable with
those observed at other remote sites worldwide. Organic aerosol (OA) was the
dominant PM1 species (accounting for 54.3 % of total PM1 on
average) followed by black carbon (BC) (25.0 %), sulfate (9.3 %),
ammonium (5.8 %), nitrate (5.1 %), and chloride (0.4 %). The average
size distributions of PM1 species all peaked at an overlapping
accumulation mode (∼ 500 nm), suggesting that aerosol particles were
internally well-mixed and aged during long-range transport. Positive matrix
factorization (PMF) analysis on the high-resolution organic mass spectra
identified three distinct OA factors, including a BB-related OA (BBOA,
43.7 %), a nitrogen-containing OA (NOA, 13.9 %) and a more-oxidized
oxygenated OA (MO-OOA, 42.4 %). Two polluted episodes with enhanced
PM1 mass loadings and elevated BBOA contributions from the west and
southwest of QOMS during the study were observed. A typical BB plume was
investigated in detail to illustrate the chemical evolution of aerosol
characteristics under distinct air mass origins, meteorological conditions,
and atmospheric oxidation processes.
A study of the variability in the Benguela Current volume transport
Authors: Majumder Sudip , Schmid Claudia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Benguela
Current forms the eastern limb of the subtropical gyre in the South Atlantic
and transports a blend of relatively fresh and cool Atlantic water and
relatively warm and salty Indian Ocean water northwestward. Therefore, it
plays an important role not only for the local freshwater and heat budgets
but for the overall meridional heat and freshwater
transport in the
South Atlantic. Historically, the Benguela Current region is relatively data
sparse, especially with respect to long-term velocity observations. A new
three-dimensional data set of the horizontal velocity in the upper 2000 m
that covers the years 1993 to 2015 is used to analyze the variability
in the Benguela Current. This data
set was derived using observations from Argo floats, satellite sea surface
height, and wind fields. Since Argo floats do not cover regions shallower
than 1000 m, the data set has gaps inshore. The main features of the
horizontal circulation observed in this data set are in good agreement with
those from earlier studies based on limited observations. Therefore, it can
be used for a more detailed study of the flow pattern as well as the
variability in the circulation in this region. It is found that the mean
meridional transport in the upper 800 m between the continental shelf of
Africa and 3∘ E, decreases from 23 ± 3 Sv
(1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) at 31∘ S to 11 ± 3 Sv
at 28∘ S. In terms of variability, the 23-year long time series at 30 and 35∘ S
reveals phases with large energy densities at periods of 3 to 7 months, which
can be attributed to the occurrence of Agulhas rings in this region. The
prevalence of Agulhas rings is also behind the fact that the energy density
at 35∘ S at the annual period is smaller than at 30∘ S because the former latitude is closer to Agulhas Retroflection and therefore
more likely to be impacted by the Agulhas rings. In agreement with this, the
energy density associated with mesoscale variability at 30∘ S is
weaker than at 35∘ S. With respect to the forcing, the Sverdrup
balance and the observed transport at 30∘ S exhibit a strong
correlation of 0.7. No significant correlation between these parameters is
found at 35∘ S.
Accepting the challenge: what academic health sciences library directors do to become effective leaders
Authors: Fought Rick L. , Misawa Mitsunori 
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study sought to better understand effective leadership through the lived experiences of academic health sciences library directors.Methods: Phenomenological interviews were conducted with eight academic health sciences library directors to capture the essence of their shared leadership experiences. The research question that guided the study was: How do academic health sciences library directors understand their leadership effectiveness? The interviews were transcribed and coded, and the data were analyzed thematically.Results: Three main themes emerged from data after analysis: assessment of the environment, strategies and decisions, and critical skills. Assessment of the environment includes awareness not only of trends in libraries and technology, but also the trends in health information, higher education, and current events and politics of their institutions and states. The strategies and decisions theme is about the ability to think both in the long-term and short-term when leading the library. Finally, critical skills are those leadership skills that the research participants identified as most important to their leadership effectiveness.Conclusions: The study identified three main themes capturing the essence of the research participants’ leadership experiences. The three themes constitute a wide array of leadership skills that are important to learn, understand, and develop to increase leadership effectiveness. Effective leadership is fundamental to obtaining long-term strategic goals and is critical to the long-term future of the libraries. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Determination of Ethanol in Kombucha, Juices, and Alcohol-Free Beer by EnzytecTMLiquid Ethanol: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2017.07
Authors: Lacorn Markus , Hektor Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
EnzytecTMLiquid Ethanol is an enzymatic test for the determination of ethanol in kombucha, juices, and alcohol-free beer. The kit contains two components in a ready-to-use format. Quantification is based on the catalytic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, which oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde and converts NAD+ to NADH. Measurement is performed in 3 mL cuvettes at 340 nm within 20 min. Samples with alcohol contents around 0.5% alcohol by volume need to be diluted 1:20 or 1:50 with water before measurement. Acetaldehyde interferes at concentrations higher than 3000 mg/L, whereas sulfite interferes at concentrations higher than 300 mg/L. The linear measurement range is from 0.03 up to 0.5 g/L ethanol, whereas LOD and LOQ are 1.9 and 3.3 mg/L ethanol, respectively. Kombucha with concentrations between 2.85 and 5.82 g/L showed relative repeatability standard deviation around 1%, whereas juices were below 2%. Results from a reproducibility experiment revealed that at a concentration of 0.1 g/L, the RSDR was at 2.5%, whereas at higher concentrations between 0.2 and 0.3 g/L, coefficients around 1% were obtained. Trueness was checked by using Cerilliant aqueous ethanol solutions and beer with concentration of 0.4 and 4 g/L (BCR-651 and BCR-652). Spiking of kombucha and juice samples resulted in recoveries between 95% and 104%. Acceptable stability was found for the whole test kit under accelerated conditions at 37°C for 2 weeks. The kit is also not susceptible to short freezing–thawing cycles and harsh transport conditions.
Le lien communautaire, le grand oublié des campagnes de prévention contre la pratique du Binge-Drinking chez les jeunes adultes
Authors: Cuffolo Raphaël , Brée Joël 
Published: April 2018

S’ils sont conscients des dangers du Binge-Drinking et reconnaissent le bien-fondé des campagnes de prévention, les jeunes n’acceptent pas celles qui leur sont destinées. En utilisant une démarche interprétative (interviews et observations participantes), nous montrons qu’il existe une opposition forte entre ce que représente la suralcoolisation festive pour cette population et le discours tenu dans les messages de prévention : d’un côté on a un ensemble de comportements ritualisés – incluant des logiques de protection – dont la finalité est de renforcer les liens communautaires ; de l’autre on constate une mise en scène de dangers qui découlent d’actions individuelles, voire individualistes, et dont l’aboutissement est souvent l’anéantissement de la communauté. Pour espérer faire évoluer les choses, le marketing social doit intégrer dans son discours préventif cette réalité communautaire spécifique au Binge-Drinking afin de ne pas les heurter.
La générativité comme stratégie de positionnement chez les consommateurs seniors est-elle efficace ?
Authors: Lacroix Caroline , Jolibert Alain 
Published: April 2018

Bien que les consommateurs de moins de 50 ans soient plus génératifs que les plus de 50 ans, cet article montre que les personnes de plus de 50 ans sont sensibles aux publicités génératives. Sur la base d’une expérimentation qui inclut deux produits (polo et montre), cette recherche montre la pertinence d’une stratégie de positionnement génératif pour des produits ciblant une clientèle vieillissante. Toutefois, les résultats diffèrent en fonction des produits. Dans le cas du polo positionné comme génératif, plus les répondants ont une générativité communautaire et agentique élevée, plus leur attitude et leur intention d’achat vis-à-vis du message et du produit sont positives. Sous un autre angle, dans le cas d’une montre positionnée générative, plus les individus ont une forte générativité communautaire plus ils montrent une attitude positive envers le message et le produit, mais cela n’influence pas leur intention d’achat. Dans le contexte du marché de la montre, la générativité agentique des individus n’influence aucune variable. L’article présente également un portrait sociodémographique des consommateurs génératifs seniors ainsi que des stratégies managériales qui permettent de positionner un produit comme génératif.
A history of forensic anthropology
Authors: Ubelaker Douglas H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractForensic anthropology represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving complex discipline within anthropology and forensic science. Academic roots extend back to early European anatomists but development coalesced in the Americas through high‐profile court testimony, assemblage of documented collections and focused research. Formation of the anthropology section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in 1972, the American Board of Forensic Anthropology in 1977/1978 and other organizational advances provided important stimuli for progress. While early pioneers concentrated on analysis of skeletonized human remains, applications today have expanded to include complex methods of search and recovery, the biomechanics of trauma interpretation, isotopic analysis related to diet and region of origin, age estimation of the living and issues related to humanitarian and human rights investigations.
A sort of revolution: Systematics and physical anthropology in the 20th century
Authors: Cartmill Matt 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring the first four decades of the 20th century, a system of ideas about the evolution and systematics of humans and other primates coalesced around the work of George Gaylord Simpson and W. E. Le Gros Clark. Buttressed by the “new physical anthropology” of the 1950s, that system provided an authoritative model—a disciplinary matrix or paradigm—for the practice of that aspect of biological anthropology. The Simpson‐Le Gros Clark synthesis began to unravel in the 1960s and collapsed in the 1970s under the onslaught of cladistic systematics. The cladistic “revolution” resembles a paradigm shift of the sort proposed by Thomas Kuhn because it was driven, not by new biological discoveries or theories, but by a change in aesthetics.
Multicentre randomized clinical trial of inspiratory muscle training versus usual care before surgery for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Valkenet K , Trappenburg J C A , Ruurda J P , Guinan E M , Reynolds J V , Nafteux P , Fontaine M , Rodrigo H E , van der Peet D L , Hania S W , Sosef M N , Willms J , Rosman C , Pieters H , Scheepers J J G , Faber T , Kouwenhoven E A , Tinselboer M , Räsänen J , Ryynänen H , Gosselink R , van Hillegersberg R , Backx F J G 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Up to 40 per cent of patients undergoing oesophagectomy develop pneumonia. The aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training (IMT) reduces the rate of pneumonia after oesophagectomy.

Methods
Patients with oesophageal cancer were randomized to a home-based IMT programme before surgery or usual care. IMT included the use of a flow-resistive inspiratory loading device, and patients were instructed to train twice a day at high intensity (more than 60 per cent of maximum inspiratory muscle strength) for 2 weeks or longer until surgery. The primary outcome was postoperative pneumonia; secondary outcomes were inspiratory muscle function, lung function, postoperative complications, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and physical functioning.

Results
Postoperative pneumonia was diagnosed in 47 (39·2 per cent) of 120 patients in the IMT group and in 43 (35·5 per cent) of 121 patients in the control group (relative risk 1·10, 95 per cent c.i. 0·79 to 1·53; P = 0·561). There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative outcomes between the groups. Mean(s.d.) maximal inspiratory muscle strength increased from 76·2(26·4) to 89·0(29·4) cmH2O (P &lt; 0·001) in the intervention group and from 74·0(30·2) to 80·0(30·1) cmH2O in the control group (P &lt; 0·001). Preoperative inspiratory muscle endurance increased from 4 min 14 s to 7 min 17 s in the intervention group (P &lt; 0·001) and from 4 min 20 s to 5 min 5 s in the control group (P = 0·007). The increases were highest in the intervention group (P &lt; 0·050).

Conclusion
Despite an increase in preoperative inspiratory muscle function, home-based preoperative IMT did not lead to a decreased rate of pneumonia after oesophagectomy. Registration number: NCT01893008 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Meta-analysis of neoadjuvant therapy and its impact in facilitating breast conservation in operable breast cancer
Authors: Karakatsanis A , Tasoulis M K , Wärnberg F , Nilsson G , MacNeill F 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for operable breast cancer may facilitate more breast-conserving surgery (BCS). It seems, however, that this benefit is not being realized fully.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed. RCTs were included. The criteria for inclusion were: documentation of surgical assessment before and after NAT, surgery performed (BCS or mastectomy), and clinical and pathological responses.

Results
A total of 1452 patients from seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria. After NAT, the feasibility of BCS increased from 43·3 to 60·4 per cent (P &lt; 0·001), but BCS was performed in only 51·8 per cent (P = 0·04). Only 31 per cent of patients who became eligible for BCS (assessed on clinical response) underwent BCS (pooled rate ratio 0·31, 95 per cent c.i. 0·22 to 0·44; P &lt; 0·001). Of the mastectomy candidates who achieved a pathological complete response after NAT, only 41 per cent underwent BCS (pooled rate ratio 0·41, 0·23 to 0·74; P = 0·003). The main factors that influenced the decision not to shift to BCS, even though it was feasible, were clinical assessment before NAT, multicentricity and tumour size at presentation.

Conclusion
Breast surgery performed after NAT does not reflect tumour response, resulting in potentially unnecessary radical surgery, especially mastectomy. The barriers to maximizing the surgical benefits of NAT need to be better understood and explored.
2D‐2D Nanocomposite of MoS2‐Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Multifunctional Catalyst for Sustainable Synthesis of C3‐Functionalized Indoles
Authors: Bahuguna Ashish , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Suneel , Chhabra Tripti , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA nanocomposite of two‐dimensional MoS2 supported on graphitic C3N4 nanosheets has been prepared by a facile ultrasonication method followed by demonstrating its ability to catalyze the synthesis of several indole derivatives. The as‐prepared nanocomposite catalyst was characterized in detail by using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to understand its structure and physicochemical properties. Subsequently, this nanocomposite catalyst was used as a heterogeneous multifunctional catalyst to synthesize several C3‐functionalized indoles in the aqueous medium. The employed strategy also provided very good catalyst recyclability and versatility for the synthesis of various precursors of medicinally significant indoles, such as serotonin, melatonin, and various β‐carboline alkaloids. In addition, a natural product derivate has been prepared on the gram‐scale by using this methodology. Furthermore, high atom economy (100 %) and lower E‐factor (0.042) makes this strategy a sustainable approach for the synthesis of C3‐functionalized indoles.
The cost‐effectiveness of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men and transgender women at high risk of HIV infection in Brazil
Authors: Luz Paula M , Osher Benjamin , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Maclean Rachel L , Losina Elena , Stern Madeline E , Struchiner Claudio J , Parker Robert A , Freedberg Kenneth A , Mesquita Fabio , Walensky Rochelle P , Veloso Valdilea G , Paltiel A David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Brazil experience high rates of HIV infection. We examined the clinical and economic outcomes of implementing a pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programme in these populations.MethodsWe used the Cost‐Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC)‐International model of HIV prevention and treatment to evaluate two strategies: the current standard of care (SOC) in Brazil, including universal ART access (No PrEP strategy); and the current SOC plus daily tenofovir/emtracitabine PrEP (PrEP strategy) until age 50. Mean age (31 years, SD 8.4 years), age‐stratified annual HIV incidence (age ≤ 40 years: 4.3/100 PY; age > 40 years: 1.0/100 PY), PrEP effectiveness (43% HIV incidence reduction) and PrEP drug costs ($23/month) were from Brazil‐based sources. The analysis focused on direct medical costs of HIV care. We measured the comparative value of PrEP in 2015 United States dollars (USD) per year of life saved (YLS). Willingness‐to‐pay threshold was based on Brazil's annual per capita gross domestic product (GDP; 2015: $8540 USD).ResultsLifetime HIV infection risk among high‐risk MSM and TGW was 50.5% with No PrEP and decreased to 40.1% with PrEP. PrEP increased per‐person undiscounted (discounted) life expectancy from 36.8 (20.7) years to 41.0 (22.4) years and lifetime discounted HIV‐related medical costs from $4100 to $8420, which led to an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $2530/YLS. PrEP remained cost‐effective (<1x GDP) under plausible variation in key parameters, including PrEP effectiveness and cost, initial cohort age and HIV testing frequency on/off PrEP.ConclusionDaily tenofovir/emtracitabine PrEP among MSM and TGW at high risk of HIV infection in Brazil would increase life expectancy and be highly cost‐effective.