bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new genus and three new species of Anthocephaliidae (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea) from the round fantail stingray,Taeniurops grabata(Chondrichthyes, Dasyatidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Boudaya L. , Neifar L. , Euzet L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe spiral intestines of a total of 16 round fantail stingraysTaeniurops grabatafrom the Mediterranean Sea off Tunisia were examined for cestodes. A new genus is erected in the Anthocephaliidae (Rhinebothridea) asAlveobothriumgen. n., withAlveobothrium grabatumsp. n. as its type species; the new genus differs from the other genera in the order in that its members possess bothridia with an apical sucker, marginal loculi and multiple staggered rows of facial loculi.Alveobothrium zarzisensesp. n. is also described. The species differ in the number of marginal loculi and in proglotid anatomy. Another anthocephaliid belonging to the genusAnthocephalumis also described fromT. grabata. Anthocephalum jeancadenatisp. n. is most similar toA. alicaeandA. michaeli, but differs in size of terminal proglottid and number of proglottids. All these new species are also found in formalin-preserved cestodes fromT. grabatacollected at Gorée Island (Senegal) between 1946 and 1954 by the French ichthyologist J. Cadenat and conserved in the personal collection of the late L. Euzet. The presence of the same rhinebothriideans species parasitizingT. grabatain both the Mediterranean (Tunisia) and the eastern Atlantic (Senegal) is discussed.
Slow Infections of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Becker Laurence E. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis review describes the recent advances in slow infections of the nervous system emphasizing the pathogenetic aspects of these diseases. A theoretical model for the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is proposed, illustrating the factors that may affect host response to the measles virus and allow it to persist and produce the panencephalitis. The isolation of an oncogenic virus from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has implications in the consideration of a viral etiology for some brain tumors. The agent responsible for the transmissibility of kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) remains uncharacterized despite recent interest in viroids and abnormalities in replication of cell membranes. The epidemiological data on multiple sclerosis suggests an exposure to an infectious agent at an early age of life modified by the host response. No specific agent has been consistently associated with multiple sclerosis. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease, Mollare’s meningitis and Behcet’s disease are other examples where a virus is suspect but unproven. The ability of viruses to persist in the host for months to years has linked many chronic neurologic diseases to an infectious agent, enlarging the spectrum of disease caused by viruses.
Dorsal Frontal, Orbital and Mesial Frontal Cortical Lesion and Amygdaloid Kindling in Cats
Authors: Wada J. A. , Wake Akira 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBilateral anteromesial or orbital cortical lesions do not affect sequential pattern of amygdaloid seizure development. However, orbital cortex lesions appear to significantly participate in the elaboration of a Stage 6 seizure pattern.Amygdaloid kindling ipsilateral to the side of anterodorsal cortical lesion or in animals with the same bilateral lesion appears to predispose them for the development of spontaneous, non-convulsive (partial complex) seizures. It also significantly modifies clinical ictal patterns with practical omission of Stages 2, 3 and 5, and largely lateralizes AD propagation to the stimulated hemisphere.The latter two features are strikingly reminiscent of the electroclinical manifestations of secondary site AM kindling in intact animals or AM kindling in animals with forebrain commissure bisection.Nonconvulsive (partial complex) status epilepticus was readily arrested by placement of electrolytic lesions ipsilateral to the AM stimulation, suggesting that MRF is essential for the perpetuation of the recurrent spontaneous seizure.Finally, the presence and absence of positive and negative aftereffects respectively, in animals with anterodorsal cortical lesion is consistent with the view that transfer and interference effects are mediated through the brain stem and forebrain commissures respectively.
Parasitic infections in relation to practices and knowledge in a rural village in Northern Thailand with emphasis on fish-borne trematode infection
Authors: Chaisiri K. , Jollivet C. , Della Rossa P. , Sanguankiat S. , Wattanakulpanich D. , Lajaunie C. , Binot A. , Tanita M. , Rattanapikul S. , Sutdan D. , Morand S. , Ribas A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present study integrates several aspects of a parasitological survey in a rural community village combining community knowledge of parasites, their potential transmission routes and health risk factors. A rural community located in Northern Thailand was surveyed for intestinal parasites, and an overall prevalence of 45.2% for helminths and 4.8% for protozoan infections was identified. Socio-demographic characteristics, customs and perceptions were compiled using individual questionnaires and interviews for participants surveyed for parasitic screening. The results allowed us to determine the knowledge and perception of local people concerning helminthic infection and transmission. Despite the fact that the participants in this community were aware of parasitic transmission routes, their widespread custom of eating raw fish and meat render the reduction of helminthiasis difficult. A detailed study on the infection of fish-borne parasitic trematodes, the most prevalent helminth, allowed us to determine that the distance from a given household to the river is a determinant of infection intensity. Health education activities organised in the local community resulted in a change in perception of risks associated with parasite transmission.
Human rabies control in Lebanon: a call for action
Authors: Kassir M. F. , El Zarif T. , Kassir G. , Berry A. , Musharrafieh U. , Bizri A. R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The status of rabies as a neglected disease has made its eradication rather challenging in different parts of the world despite the availability of a successful vaccine. Lebanon, in particular, is a country endemic to the disease with several cases of rabies deaths reported over the past 30 years. The risk of rabies, however, has taken a new turn over the past few years in Lebanon with two emerging situations that have made the control of the disease rather challenging: the neighbouring Syrian war and the local garbage crisis. Both of these milestone events might have contributed to an increase in the number of disease vectors as well as individuals at risk, thus nourishing the cycle of disease transmission. In this observational study, the effect of these two events are investigated, with an update on the status of this preventable, yet often neglected, disease in the country. Both events were found to be concomitant with a notable increase in the number of dog bites and thus possible rabies exposure. Current regulations are explored through interviews with veterinarians, and custom recommendations, ranging from policies to control dog populations to awareness campaigns in high-risk individuals, are then proposed to help control the disease.
The great rebuilding of Amsterdam (1521–1578)
Authors: VAN TUSSENBROEK GABRI 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn 1452, approximately three-quarters of Amsterdam was destroyed by fire. Despite attempts by the city government to encourage citizens to build using brick and pan tiles, the city was mainly rebuilt with timber-framed buildings. Only in 1521 did petrification of Amsterdam's buildings gradually start to become more widespread, coinciding with an enormous increase in the total number of houses. The great rebuilding of Amsterdam led to a sustainable renewal of the housing stock, of which some houses have survived to the present day. This article investigates the reasons for the delay in building with brick, based on building archaeological research, bylaws and investigation of the 1562 tax register. It shows the mechanisms of transforming a wooden city into a brick one and reveals the effects on living conditions in the final stages of the rebuilding process in the sixteenth century.
Does parental migration have any impact on nutritional disorders among left-behind children in Bangladesh?
Authors: Islam M Mofizul , Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Mondal Md Nazrul Islam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveRates of migration have increased substantially in recent years and so has the number of left-behind children (LBC). We investigated the impact of parental migration on nutritional disorders of LBC in Bangladesh.DesignWe analysed data from the nationally representative cross-sectional Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012–2013. Child stunting, wasting and underweight were used as measures of nutritional disorders. Descriptive statistics were used to describe characteristics of the respondents and to compare nutritional outcomes based on status of parental migration. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between parental migration and child nutritional disorders.SettingBangladesh.ParticipantsData of 23 402 children (aged <5 years), their parents and households.ResultsIn the unadjusted models, parental migration was found significantly protective for stunting, wasting and underweight – both separately and jointly. After potential confounders were controlled for, no difference was found between LBC and non-LBC in any of these three nutritional outcome measures. Household wealth status and maternal educational status were found to significantly influence the nutritional development of the children.ConclusionsAt the population level there is no negative impact of parental migration on stunting, wasting and underweight of LBC in Bangladesh. Remittance from parental migration might enhance affordability of better foods, health care and supplies for a cleaner environment. This affordability is crucial for the poorest section of the society.
Political and Economic Determinants of Asynchronous Approval of New GM Events
Authors: Rosa Maurício Benedeti , de Faria Rosane Nunes , de Castro Eduardo Rodrigues 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe use a political economy perspective to provide the first empirical analysis of the main political and economic determinants of asynchronous approval (AA) for a variety of countries over the period 2000–2015. The key results that emerge from our paper are the prominent role of regulatory quality and the number of internet users in a particular country in influencing AA across countries. We found that the higher the share of internet users in a country, the lower the AA. Consumer access to the internet makes them less exposed to negative news about genetically modified (GM) products, as they are less influenced by the negative bias of traditional mass media toward biotechnology. Additionally, the better the regulation quality (the more efficiently a government formulates and implements regulation), the shorter the time necessary to approve new GM events, and the lower the AA. Furthermore, our findings confirm that determinants such as corruption, trade relations with stringent markets, and the size of the rural population are also important in explaining AA of GM events.
The Global Marine Selenium Cycle: Insights From Measurements and Modeling
Authors: Mason Robert P. , Soerensen Anne L. , DiMento Brian P. , Balcom Prentiss H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have increased the selenium (Se) concentration in the biosphere, but the overall impact on the ocean has not been examined. While Se is an essential nutrient for microorganisms, there is little information on the impact of biological processes on the concentration and speciation of Se in the ocean. Additionally, other factors controlling the distribution and concentration of Se species are poorly understood. Here we present data gathered in the subtropical Pacific Ocean during a cruise in 2011, and we used these field data and the literature, as well as laboratory photochemical experiments examining the stability and degradation of inorganic Se (both Se (IV) and Se (VI)) and dimethyl selenide, to further constrain the cycling of Se in the upper ocean. We also developed a multibox model for the biosphere to examine the impact of anthropogenic emissions on the concentration and distribution of Se in the ocean. The model concurs with the field data indicating that the Se concentration has increased in the upper ocean waters over the past 30 years. Our observational studies and model results suggest that Se (VI) is taken up by phytoplankton in the surface ocean, in contrast to the results of laboratory culture experiments. In conclusion, while anthropogenic inputs have markedly increased Se in the atmosphere (42%) and net deposition to the ocean (38%) and terrestrial landscape (41%), the impact on Se in the ocean is small (3% increase in the upper ocean). This minimal response reflects its long marine residence time.
Crustal Deformation of the Altyn Tagh Fault Based on GPS
Authors: Li Yanchuan , Shan Xinjian , Qu Chunyan , Liu Yunhua , Han Nana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKnowledge of the slip behavior of the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) has significant implications for our understanding of the tectonic deformation of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we process Global Positioning System (GPS) data spanning 2009–2017 across the western ATF, merge the solution with recently published GPS velocities, and obtain a dense GPS velocity field for northern Tibet. We introduce an elastic block model and estimate the fault slip rate, interseismic fault coupling (ISC), and seismic moment accumulation rate along the ATF. The estimated left‐lateral strike‐slip rate of the ATF decreases eastward from 12.8 ± 0.4 mm/a to 0.1 ± 0.2 mm/a. Results show a heterogeneous distribution of ISC along the fault, with the fault locking depth varying from 5 to 20 km. The seismic moment accumulation rate is 2.16–2.37 × 1018 N m/km along three segments between Sulamu Tagh and Aksay bends, where the accumulated seismic moment over the last five centuries could be balanced by earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw 7.7, Mw 7.6, and Mw 7.8, respectively. We calculate the ratio of the Indo‐Eurasia convergence accommodated by the ATF and find that 10.3% of the convergence is accommodated along the fault by lateral extrusion; quantitative analysis of the strain rate, however, shows that a large part of the northern Tibet is not well described by elastic block rotation. Consequently, we suggest that a hybrid kinematic model that includes both block‐like and continuous deformation is needed to better delineate the crustal deformation of the Tibetan Plateau.
Stable Isotope Clues to the Formation and Evolution of Refrozen Melt Ponds on Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Tian L. , Gao Y. , Ackley S. F. , Stammerjohn S. , Maksym T. , Weissling B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSea ice is one of the determining parameters of the climate system. The presence of melt ponds on the surface of Arctic sea ice plays a critical role in the mass balance of sea ice. A total of nine cores was collected from multiyear ice refrozen melt ponds and adjacent hummocks during the 2015 Arctic Sea State research cruise. The depth profiles of water isotopes, salinity, and ice texture for these sea ice cores were examined to provide information about the development of refrozen melt ponds and water balance generation processes, which are otherwise difficult to acquire. The presence of meteoric water with low oxygen isotope values as relatively thin layers indicates melt pond water stability and little mixing during formation and refreezing. The hydrochemical characteristics of refrozen melt pond and seawater depth profiles indicate little snowmelt enters the upper ocean during melt pond refreezing. Due to the seasonal characters of deuterium excess for Arctic precipitation, water balance calculations utilizing two isotopic tracers (oxygen isotope and deuterium excess) suggest that besides the melt of snow cover, the precipitation input in the melt season may also play a role in the evolution of melt ponds. The dual‐isotope mixing model developed here may become more valuable in a future scenario of increasing Arctic precipitation. The layers of meteoric origin were found at different depths in the refrozen melt pond ice cores. Surface topography information collected at several core sites was examined for possible explanations of different structures of refrozen melt ponds.
Defining human cardiac transcription factor hierarchies using integrated single-cell heterogeneity analysis
Authors: Churko Jared M. , Garg Priyanka , Treutlein Barbara , Venkatasubramanian Meenakshi , Wu Haodi , Lee Jaecheol , Wessells Quinton N. , Chen Shih-Yu , Chen Wen-Yi , Chetal Kashish , Mantalas Gary , Neff Norma , Jabart Eric , Sharma Arun , Nolan Garry P. , Salomonis Nathan , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become a powerful tool for human disease modeling and therapeutic testing. However, their use remains limited by their immaturity and heterogeneity. To characterize the source of this heterogeneity, we applied complementary single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq technologies over time during hiPSC cardiac differentiation and in the adult heart. Using integrated transcriptomic and splicing analysis, more than half a dozen distinct single-cell populations were observed, several of which were coincident at a single time-point, day 30 of differentiation. To dissect the role of distinct cardiac transcriptional regulators associated with each cell population, we systematically tested the effect of a gain or loss of three transcription factors (NR2F2, TBX5, and HEY2), using CRISPR genome editing and ChIP-seq, in conjunction with patch clamp, calcium imaging, and CyTOF analysis. These targets, data, and integrative genomics analysis methods provide a powerful platform for understanding in vitro cellular heterogeneity.
The essential genome of the crenarchaeal model Sulfolobus islandicus
Authors: Zhang Changyi , Phillips Alex P. R. , Wipfler Rebecca L. , Olsen Gary J. , Whitaker Rachel J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSulfolobus islandicus is a model microorganism in the TACK superphylum of the Archaea, a key lineage in the evolutionary history of cells. Here we report a genome-wide identification of the repertoire of genes essential to S. islandicus growth in culture. We confirm previous targeted gene knockouts, uncover the non-essentiality of functions assumed to be essential to the Sulfolobus cell, including the proteinaceous S-layer, and highlight essential genes whose functions are yet to be determined. Phyletic distributions illustrate the potential transitions that may have occurred during the evolution of this archaeal microorganism, and highlight sets of genes that may have been associated with each transition. We use this comparative context as a lens to focus future research on archaea-specific uncharacterized essential genes that may provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of cells.
Physical origin of higher-order soliton fission in nanophotonic semiconductor waveguides
Authors: Ciret Charles , Gorza Simon-Pierre , Husko Chad , Roelkens Gunther , Kuyken Bart , Leo François 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSupercontinuum generation in Kerr media has become a staple of nonlinear optics. It has been celebrated for advancing the understanding of soliton propagation as well as its many applications in a broad range of fields. Coherent spectral broadening of laser light is now commonly performed in laboratories and used in commercial “white light” sources. The prospect of miniaturizing the technology is currently driving experiments in different integrated platforms such as semiconductor on insulator waveguides. Central to the spectral broadening is the concept of higher-order soliton fission. While widely accepted in silica fibers, the dynamics of soliton decay in semiconductor waveguides is yet poorly understood. In particular, the role of nonlinear loss and free carriers, absent in silica, remains an open question. Here, through experiments and simulations, we show that nonlinear loss is the dominant perturbation in wire waveguides, while free-carrier dispersion is dominant in photonic crystal waveguides.
Experimental Comparison of the Performance of Cutting Bone and Soft Tissue between Piezosurgery and Conventional Rotary Instruments
Authors: Otake Yoshio , Nakamura Megumi , Henmi Akiko , Takahashi Tetsu , Sasano Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPiezosurgery is an innovative technique widely used for osteotomies in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The surgical technique has been clinically supposed to cut mineralized bone selectively with reducing the risk of damage to adjacent soft tissues. However, none of the previous literature has reported any evidence of scientific experiments to examine performance of the piezoelectric device, i.e. the time required for cutting bone and the effect on soft tissues under the standardized conditions. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cutting time of the piezoelectric device is longer than that of rotary instruments while the cut surface of bone is smoother and soft tissues are less damaged with piezosurgery under the standardized experimental system. We measured the time for cutting bone and soft tissues of rats with the piezoelectric device and rotary instruments. Damage to soft tissues was examined histologically, and the cut surface of bone was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Our study demonstrated experimentally that piezosurgery provides a smooth cut bony surface with no damage to soft tissues and takes longer time to cut bone than conventional drillings. We propose that piezosurgery is beneficial for medical safety and usability.
FAST-1 antisense RNA epigenetically alters FXN expression
Authors: Mikaeili Hajar , Sandi Madhavi , Bayot Aurélien , Al-Mahdawi Sahar , Pook Mark A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by GAA repeat expansion mutations within the FXN gene, resulting in heterochromatin formation and deficiency of frataxin protein. Elevated levels of the FXN antisense transcript (FAST-1) have previously been detected in FRDA. To investigate the effects of FAST-1 on the FXN gene expression, we first stably overexpressed FAST-1 in non-FRDA cell lines and then we knocked down FAST-1 in FRDA fibroblast cells. We observed decreased FXN expression in each FAST-1 overexpressing cell type compared to control cells. We also found that FAST-1 overexpression is associated with both CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) depletion and heterochromatin formation at the 5′UTR of the FXN gene. We further showed that knocking down FAST-1 in FRDA fibroblast cells significantly increased FXN expression. Our results indicate that FAST-1 can act in trans in a similar manner to the cis-acting FAST-1 overexpression that has previously been identified in FRDA fibroblasts. The effects of stably transfected FAST-1 expression on CTCF occupancy and heterochromatin formation at the FXN locus suggest a direct role for FAST-1 in the FRDA molecular disease mechanism. Our findings also support the hypothesis that inhibition of FAST-1 may be a potential approach for FRDA therapy.