bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Requirements of Pharmacy’s Information System in Hospitals
Authors: Farzandipour Mehrdad , Meidani Zahra , Riazi Hossein , Sadeqi Jabali Monireh 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Pharmacy Information System (PIS) existed in hospitals collects, saves and manages the information related to drug and drug consumption in process of caring patients and results in decreasing error in interpreting handwritten prescriptions, distributing drug and controlling side effects of drug. Regarding the importance of knowing users’ expectations for designing successful system and based on procedure of clinical environment and in direction of patient’ security and improving care quality, this study conducted with the aim of determining functional requirements of pharmacy information system and by offering system ‘final users for poll.Material and Methods: This research is descriptive cross-sectional one and of applied kind that conducted in 15 hospitals in 1391. This study conducted in three independent steps including library study, internet search and designing finding semi produced guideline and questionnaire, offering ten experts the finding semi produced questionnaire for poll, offering 50 individuals of experts the final questionnaire for poll using Delphi technique. Validity of final questionnaire and its reliability confirmed through validity of content and re-test test, respectively. Data analyzed using SPSS software and answers given points of 0-4 and requirements with mean’ final point of 3 or more than 3 confirmed.Results: Based on the first and second turns of Delphi technique, final list of pharmacy information system’ functional requirements of 80 requirements determined. The highest mean point related to capability to connect with computerized provider order entry (3.73%), capability to calculate dose of drug and warn about drug interference (3.71%), capability to apply barcode technology (3.71%) and capability to register expiration date , way and place of keeping good (3.63%).Conclusion: Based on experts’ opinions, requirements that related to patient security were paid more attention. Finally, a list of pharmacy information system’ functional requirements presented that could be used by designers, developers and other beneficiaries of pharmacy information system in hospitals.
Middleware for the Integration of Hospital Information Systems
Authors: Shahmoradi Leila , Habibi-Koolaee Mahdi , Ebrahimi Maryam , Parnian Khoy Fatemeh , Soltani Ahmad 
Published: January 2019

Background: The integration of healthcare information systems is one of the most urgent priorities of healthcare organizations. Middleware has a major role in the integration of hospital information system (HIS). The purpose of this study is to determine the type of middleware used, their configuration and integration approaches in the hospitals of the research community.Methods: This study was descriptive in nature and was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via a self-structured questionnaire, in 2014. Seventeen hospitals affiliated to TUMS that have the HIS were recruited for this study. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. Simple statistical analysis was used to determine the integration status of HISs.Results: The most striking result to emerge from the data is that 64.7% of HISs had database-oriented middleware. Approximately half of surveyed HISs (41.2%) used synchronous mechanism and almost two-thirds of them (70.2%) used web service. Although, 17.2% of HISs use service-oriented integration approach, but the overall response to this question was poor.Conclusion: The result of the study indicates that the database-oriented middleware facilitate accessibility of the databases, on a variety of platforms. It might be related to the variety of company those developed the HISs. The result showed that the using web services could be helpful to application integration. The results of this investigation show that the HIS companies and healthcare facilities must be considered to the standards of interoperability for development and selection of the systems. Further research should be done to investigate the integration status of HISs in cross-national level and with other information systems in the field of healthcare.
Designing a Diagnostic System of Patients Suspected with Glaucoma Using Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Moghbeli Fateme , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Nilforoushan Navid , Eghbalian Arani Hossein , Orooji Azam 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of eye diseases and is a group of disorders that cause damages to optic nerve. If it does not cure; it can lead to permanent vision loss. There is no sign and pain for this disease and it appears in form of blindness in very advanced phase of its progression. Digital imaging is a useful tool for non-invasive measurements in medical field. By using image processing techniques, many medical images could be processed and analyzed, helping experts to detect diseases, decreasing cost and time of tests and helping to do screening significantly. The main purpose of this study was to suggest an algorithm in order to detect glaucoma suspects in retinal fundus images.Material and Methods: This study was an original applied study and its algorithm was developed in MATLAB environment using image processing toolbox. It was evaluated by using existed images obtained from RIM-ONE database. In the present paper, Otsu multi-level thresholding algorithm was used along with MICO algorithm to segment the optic cup and disc and estimate their vertical diameter.Results: The algorithm was run on 124 images containing 57 images of glaucoma suspects and 67 images of healthy retina. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 and 0.90 respectively.Conclusion: Suggested algorithm worked fast because light pre-processing has been done. However, there is no system with 100% correct diagnosis, the results obtained from suggested system was acceptable. Thus using such systems could be helpful for practitioners.
Modeling the Acceptance of Hospital Information Systems among Nurses: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Moghbeli Fateme , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Kouhestani Azita , Orooji Azam 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have been considered as the main factors affecting the acceptance of the new technologies since last few decades. However, it appears that these only two factors cannot describe the users’ behavior in the environments like the Hospital Information System. From the technology acceptance standpoint at the individual acceptance level, the present paper tends to develop a Technology Acceptance Model with introducing some external factors.Material and Methods: This study was conducted in 2017. The research population was included 185 nurses who works in Health Information Management (HIM) departments of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire was developed in order to gather the required data. The validity was obtained by panel of experts and the reliability was examined and then confirmed in a 50 person sample using the Cronbach’s Alpha (a=0.93). The Likert’s five item scale was applied. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and path analysis.Results: The behavioral intention was affected significantly and positively by the factors of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, self-efficacy, end user support, social norm, trust, job relevance, and training, with trust having the highest level of effects. Also perceived ease of use had a significant effect on perceived usefulness along with an indirect effect on behavioral intention through perceived usefulness. The factors of anxiety, voluntariness, and facilitating conditions showed no significant effects on behavioral intention.Conclusion: The factors of trust, perceived usefulness, social norm, end user support, and self-efficacy have an impact on the behavioral intention of the users utilizing the Hospital Information System in the concerning hospitals. These factors could explain 72% of the changes of behavioral intention. Concentrating on them would lead to the improvement of the acceptance and Hospital Information System efficiency.
Designing and Evaluating of a Guideline-Based Recommender-Interpreter System to Inform Diabetic Patients about the Status of Periodic Lab Tests
Authors: Kamel Ghalibaf Azadeh , Mazloom Khorasani Zahra , Gholian-Aval Mahdi , Tara Mahmood 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: One of the most important issues in managing diabetes is the periodic checkups and tests to prevent the secondary complications of the disease. Low level of literacy in patients with diabetes, and the widespread use of abbreviations and numbers in the lab test results, makes it difficult for the patient to understand and interpret her health status. The purpose of this study is to design an expert system based on clinical guidelines in order to interpret the laboratory test results to patients and provide relevant recommendations in a textual report.Material and Methods: The study consists of two phases: the design and the evaluation. Design phase consists of 4 stages. In the first step, based on a Delphi study, the biological and laboratory tests, periodically measured for diabetic patients, were identified. In the second phase, according to the American Diabetes Association guideline, the rules for the interpretation of tests were extracted. In the third stage, an observational study was conducted to identify the elements of explanations that were provided by the physician about the results of patients' tests. In the fourth stage, the template messages were designed. In the evaluation phase, 12 diabetic patients assessed the usability of the generated report in two aspects of the visual design and the content. Five indices of apparent attractiveness, ease of comprehension, applicability, description adequacy, and novelty of content was evaluated with a 5-point Likert scale checklist.Results: The results of the Delphi study revealed that routine tests for diabetic patients included three profiles (e.g. blood glucose, blood lipids, and kidney status), with two examinations (e.g. blood pressure and weight). The structure of the report was designed according to the patient physician communication at visit sessions. Each section of the report includes three types of feedback: descriptive, comparative, and conclusive statements. The average age of participants was 56.4 years with 72.1% women. Patients believed that the report was attractive with an average score of 9.3, and evaluated the report's comprehensiveness with an average score of 9.4. The usability (8.3), the information adequacy (8.7) and the novelty (8.2) were also perceived acceptable by patients.Conclusion: The results showed that the report was acceptable from the perspective of diabetic patients, and patients would like to get more information about their health status. The findings of this study can be used as guidance to design of the next phase of the study, e.g. evaluation of intervention effectiveness.
Comprehensive overview of Decision-Fusion technique in healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nazari Elham , Pour Reza , Tabesh Hamed 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: In recent decades, the use of Decision-Fusion techniques has attracted the attention of many scholars and academics. The use of this technique to manage challenges such as diversity and scalability in the Big Data is very common in various industries, including the health care industry. Hence, a comprehensive review of studies on the use of this technique in the field of health care and its review of the types of applied methods, the type of used data, the obtained data, the use and purpose of technique can be useful. Therefore, the protocol of this Scope Review article will be presented to examine this technique in the field of health care.Method: The protocol was designed based on O'Malley and Arksey's five-step framework in combination with Levac et al.enhancement. First, a field-specific structure was defined for study. This structure consists of three main aspects: the purpose and hypothesis, modeling, model achievements. Considering this structure, the 5-step framework was created for the study. Three pubmed, science direct, and EMBASE databases were selected for search and an appropriate strategy for incorporating health related articles that utilized this technique was used. Data was extracted based on defined aspects, and categories were created based on their frequency. To analyze the extracted data from articles, frequency analysis, descriptive statistical methods and qualitative thematic analysis will be used.Advantages of the present study:- this paper is the first study of Scope Review regarding the use of Decision-Fusion technology in health care.- Reference frame questions aspects are designed as field-specific.- To clarify the research questions, O'Malley Arksey's five-step framework was used in combination with Levac et al.enhancement.- A classify scheme for the category of the aspects [for the categorization of the dimensions] was presented based on the frequency of their values.
Comparative Study of the Endocrine Disorders of Βeta-Thalassemia Major Patients and Control Group in Duhok Province
Authors: Ali Ghorbat S. , Jubrial Amad M.S. , Najeeb Malika K. , Al hussein Hamdia Y.I. 
Published: January 2019

Beta- thalassemia major is a type of inherited blood disorder, characterized by impaired synthesis of the beta chains. Currently, blood transfusion and sufficient iron chelation therapy are important for treatment and follow up of thalassemia patients. Unfortunately, repeated blood transfusion causes the progressive iron overload. Consequently, the excess iron is deposited as hemosiderin and ferritin in the tissues and multiple endocrine complications. In comparison with healthy control group, the results indicated significant (p<0.05) increased TSH level (3.86 ± 2.7 1µIU/ml), whereas the serum level of T4 hormone did not significantly differ between the two groups. In the thalassemia patients, 23.68% (9/38) had subclinical hypothyroidism. The mean level of estradiol in patients (30.60± 14.68pg/ml) is high significant (p< 0.01) decreased that compared with the control persons (13.83 ± 9.06 pg/ml) more than 13 years. Testosterone level in patients was significantly different (P< 0.001) respectively from the control group. The mean of testosterone level was 1.22± 0.83 ng/ml in thalassemia patients and 3.71± 1.32ng/ml in control group more than 14 years. These results indicate high prevalence hypothyroidism and puberty defection. Endocrine drugs supplementation is a safe for patients which have each type of endocrine disorders.
Fungal Contamination of Airconditioner Units in Five Hospitals of Erbil Province- Kurdistan Region /Iraq
Authors: Al-Bader Salah M. , Ismael Layla Q. , Ahmood Asaad A. 
Published: January 2019

During April 2018, 75samples were collected from five hospitals in Erbil city. Samples were taken by sterile cotton swabs from the air dispenser window of air conditioner units (ACU) . They were cultured directly on Sabouraud's dextrose agar incubated at 25oC ±2. The samples were collected from five departments in each hospital include out-patient ward (OP),in-patient ward (IP), emergency room (ER), intensive care unit(ICU), and operation theater (OT). A total of (410) fungal colonies were counted, they belong to13 genera include ten hyphomycetes and only one of zygomycetes ,basidiomycetes , and hemiascomycetes. Penicillium represented in the highest total occurrence (40%) followed by Aspergillus(38.66%) and Alternaria (21.33%). The total frequency showed that Candidawas the highest (30%) followed by Penicillium(27.56%) and Aspergillus(13.17%). The highest density of filamentous fungi (no. of colony/sample) was detected in OP=16.75, and the lowest in OT=1.5. The diversity of isolates showed that ( 9) genera were recorded from ER(60%) and only one in OP (6%). All recorded genera in current study were regarded as indoor air pollutants. The predominant genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium ,Cladosporiumand Candida are well-known allergens and may cause several pulmonary disorders as well as fetal infections in particular cases.
Investigation of Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Grown on Different Substrates
Authors: Abdulrahman Ahmed F. , Ahmed Sabah M. , Ahmed Naser M. 
Published: January 2019

ZnO nanorods arrays are synthesized over the different substrates namely; Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Kapton Tape (KT), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Porous Silicon (PS) and Silicon (Si) using modified chemical bath deposition (MCBD) method at 95 ºC for 4 h. The MCBD is the air bubbles inside growth solution during CBD process. The ZnO nano-seed layers are coated on different substrates using RF magnetron sputtering technique. The optical properties (transmittance, reflectance and energy band gap) and surface morphology of ZnO nanorods grown on different substrates have been investigated in details by using UV-Visible Spectrometer and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The results found that the morphology and diameter of ZnO nanorods is closely concerned to the nature of substrates. Also it is indicated that the substrate has strong and important impact on the growth, optical properties, Egand quality of synthesized ZnO nanorods (NRs). The higher transmittance has been observed for ZnO NRs grown over KT substrates and is about (~ 33 %). The average transmittance decreases sharply near UV region at wavelength around 393 nm for ZnO nanorods grown on ITO substrate. However, for PET and KT substrates, the transmittance decreases sharply near visible region around 401nm and 498 nm, respectively. Besides, the ZnO NRs grown on PS substrate have the strong reflectance characteristics after approximately 395 nm, and then decreases in the wavelength range of 410 nm to 700 nm. On the other hand, the strong reflectance property of ZnO NRs grown on Si substrate is observed at 400 nm. Also the minimum and maximum Egare obtained for ZnO nanorods that fabricated on the KT substrate and porous silicon substrate, respectively.
Prevention and Early Detection of Congenital Heart Defects. Where do we stand.
Authors: Petropoulos Andreas 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Since the origin of Medicine in 4th BC. Century research has taught us that learning and practicing preventive medicine is properly the best method to prevent disease from happening in the first place. Preventive health care must be planned and executed ahead of time, even when illness/ disease, is absent, especially for those that are common and fаtal. Among neonates and infants, congenital heart disease (CHD) is responsible for the largest proportion of mortality caused by birth defects. Actual numbers of patients and mortality resulting from CHD reportedly is increasing. In the developed world the treatment of CHD has escalating costs for health care systems and private covered patients, while in low-income countries it is not always available. Prevention is urgently needed to tackle the increasing needs.
Aim: To present the current practice in preventing/early detecting CHD and justify why pulse oximetry is the best available, early detecting postnatal screening test we currently have.
Methods: The existing in use preventing/early detecting methods for avoiding or early diagnosing CHD are: 1. Eliminate the maternal risk factors by obtaining a good level of health and medical surveillance during pregnancy. 2. Avoiding teratogenic agents, 3. Detecting risk factors from Family History, 4. Delivering a balanced Nutrition during Pregnancy 5. Obtaining at least an experienced 4-chamber view and outflow tracts imaging during the 20-weeks anomaly scan. 6. Fetal Echocardiography when indicated 7. Postnatal evaluation by experienced Pediatricians. 8. Pulse Oximetry, screening test after 72 hours post-delivery in term babies. 9. Hyperoxia test when indicated.
Conclusion: Although CHD’s are the most common, high morbidity and mortality, congenital malformations, we still lack a single, easy to apply, non-invasive and low-cost screening test, for early detection. The current preventive methods must be combined to counterbalance the CHD prevalence. Meanwhile, they are costly and partially accessible. The most advantageous method for minimizing CHD deaths worldwide seems to be currently, pulse oximetry combined with clinical assessment.
Original publication: Petropoulos AC. Prevention and Early Detection of Congenital Heart Defects. Where do we Stand. J Cardiol 2018, 2(1): 000111.
Right use of Screening Pulse Oximetry test for early detection of Critical Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Petropoulos Andreas 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Preventive medicine is the ideal way in dealing with frequent and fatal diseases. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is responsible for the largest proportion of mortality caused by birth defects in the first year of life. Actual numbers and mortality from CHD is increasing. In the developed world the treatment of CHD has escalating costs for health care systems and private covered patients, while in low-income countries the resources are minimal. Prevention/early detection is urgently needed to tackle the increasing needs.
Aim: To justify why pulse oximetry (pox) is the best available, early detecting postnatal screening test currently.
Conclusion: Although CHD’s are both frequent and carry a high morbidity and mortality, we still lack a single, easy to apply, non-invasive and low-cost screening test, worldwide. The most advantageous method for minimizing CHD deaths worldwide seems to be currently, the combination of clinical assessment with pox.
Original publication: https://crimsonpublishers.com/ojchd/pdf/OJCHD.000510.pdf Open Journal of Cardiology and Heart Diseases.
Pattern of acute poisonings in Azerbaijan
Authors: Afandiyev I. N. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Epidemiologic data on acute chemical poisonings in Azerbaijan Republic is very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the rate and characteristics of acute chemical poisoning cases in Azerbaijan.
Material and methods: This investigation was performed on the data of poisoned patients admitted to the Center of Clinical Toxicology (CCT) of the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan in Baku city from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2016.
Result: There were 6347 admissions due to acute poisoning in CCT intensive care unit (3593 females and 2754 males). Pediatric admissions (<15 age group) were 18.2%. The most frequent reason of hospitalizations was drug poisonings (T36-T50) – 40.9%. The other frequent cases of hospitalizations were inhalation of carbon monoxide (T58) - 21.6%, corrosive substances (T54) – 15.2% and alcohol intoxication (T51) - 5.9%. Hospitalizations of patients with envenomation (T63) - 5.2%, pesticides poisonings (T60) – 4.9%. poisoning by organic solvents (T52) - 4.5% and poisoning by noxious plants and mushrooms (T62) – 1.2% were less frequent. The mortality rate of the overall cohort was 2.7%. Corrosive liquids (especially – concentrated acetic acid) poisonings were the most often fatal.
Conclusion: This study provides essential information about characteristic of toxicoepidemiological situation in Azerbaijan and could help to develop national program of prevention of acute chemical poisonings.