bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land rents drive oil palm expansion dynamics in Indonesia
Authors: Lim Felix K S , Carrasco L Roman , McHardy Jolian , Edwards David P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Increasing global demand for oil palm drives its expansion across the tropics, at the expense of forests and biodiversity. Little is known of the dynamics that shape the spread of oil palm, limiting our potential to predict areas vulnerable to future crop expansion and its resulting biodiversity impacts. Critically, studies have not related oil palm expansion to the role of agricultural rent and profitability in explaining how and where oil palm is expected to expand. Using a novel land rent modelling framework parameterised to oil palm expansion across Indonesia between 2000 and 2015, we identify drivers of crop expansion and evaluate whether Indonesia's Forest Moratorium might reduce the rate of future oil palm expansion. With an overall accuracy of 85.84%, the model shows oil palm expansion is driven by price changes, spatial distribution of production costs, and a spatial contagion effect. Projecting beyond 2015, we show that areas under high risk of oil palm expansion are mostly not protected by the current Forest Moratorium. Our study emphasises the importance of economic forces and infrastructure on oil palm expansion. These results could be used for more effective conservation decisions to manage one of the biggest drivers of tropical biodiversity loss.
Dynamics of Microbiological Water Quality Indicators in the North Caspian Sea
Authors: Sokolova I V , Kolotova O V , Vodovsky N B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Microbial researches of water sampled in summer period of 2015-2017 years in the North Caspian Sea around prospecting wells were held. Sampling realized according to conventional methods in area of five oil fields. There are Rakushechnaya, Sarmatskaya, West-Sarmatskaya, and, Khvalynskaya areas. Relative abundance of saprotrophic microorganisms and total number of bacteria found in water samples were studied. There are three indexes were used for quantity evaluation: Razumov index, water purity level and saprobity index. Study had shown non-uniformly distribution of different groups of microorganisms and their concentrations in the water samples from fields. At the same time the water monitoring had shown the existence of very purify (xeno - and oligosaprobic) and dirty (poly - and hypersaprobic) zones in the Northern Caspian Sea. However, the population dynamics of the saprotrofic microorganisms and the total number of bacteria in summer period of 2015-2016 years around oil fields indicate about successful processes of self-purification of waters and recover of ecosystem after human impact.
Justification of the Application of Engineering Protection Methods for Territories Subject to Erosion Processes
Authors: Slepnev P A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The urgency of the problem of the development of erosion processes is substantiated. Existing methods of engineering protection of territories from the development of erosion are considered. Indicated areas of the urban environment, most prone to the development of erosion processes. The practical significance of the research was determined. The mathematical model of the development of erosion processes on slopes is given, which makes it possible to carry out a preliminary assessment of the erosion resistance of soils and on the basis of this assessment determine the need for additional measures for their consolidation. Based on the mathematical model, the criteria for assessing the risk of erosion processes are defined. On the basis of the selected criteria, the main conditions that modern methods of protecting territories from erosion processes should meet. Innovative methods of protecting slopes from the development of erosion processes are presented. Systematization of existing and innovative methods of engineering protection of territories from erosion processes is carried out. Geosynthetic materials are considered that are an integral part of geocomposition systems, allowing to protect slopes from erosion processes. The main criteria to be met by geocomposition systems are determined. The practical application of geocomposition systems in various areas of construction is considered: civil, transport, hydraulic engineering, special. The directions of further research are determined. Conclusions are drawn on the results of practical application of geocomposition systems to protect slopes from erosion processes. The article contains mathematical model of the development of erosion processes on slopes of roads allowing a preliminary assessment of erosion control soil stability and on the basis of this assessment to determine the need for additional measures for their fastening.
Detailed Seismological Studies the Junction of Different landscapes in South Yakutia
Authors: Grib N N , Siasko A A , Imaev V S , Grib G V , Imaeva L P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Research objective - determination of the quantitative indicators of seismic wave attenuation on the area of geotechnical landscapes with contrasting properties and the forecast of the seismic intensity impact within the area of study of the linear engineering structure in conditions of permafrost zone. During the research tasks were performed: study of the geotechnical structure of the area, registration of the microseismic disturbance, acceleration graph of the industrial explosions and powerful man-caused sources of the seismic waves. Main hypothesis of the study - contrast saving of the seismic properties of for-mation from geotechnical landscapes of rooted slopes and above floodplain river terrac-es in conditions of the permafrost zone. During the research complex of geophysical and seismological researches was performed, drawing of the geotechnical section confirmed by the drilling data. Results of the study confirmed main hypothesis - major difference of seismic properties of frost soils foundations for joint landscapes has been established.
Waste Management as Functional Part of the Social Responsibilities of Business
Authors: Bashkirova N N , Lessovaia S N 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite increase in scales and intensity of involvement of natural resources in the zones of direct and indirect anthropogenic influence, now there is no unified approach to assessment of impact on ecosystems of various levels from local to Biosphere in general. Nowadays it is necessary to stress the existence of the conflict between the ability of ecosystems to develop sustainably and environmental management in connection with the growing needs of the person and society, providing destruction of the ability of environment in future affected by economic and social development. Thus uncontrollable waste emission as well as scantiness of natural resources becomes an essential factor which is slowing down development of not only industry and technology itself but all socio-economic system. Solid waste led to poisoning of fertile lands including soil, water, and biota makes the research in the fiekd of waste management highly essential. To disclose various approached to developing social responsibilities of business in the field of waste management and concentration of financial resources on different level of the budgetary system for economic and ecological sustainable development. Analytical research and critical analysis of the positive international experience of creation of the system of business and government shared responsibilities in the field of waste management. The directions of realization of the principle of expanded social responsibility of business in modern conditions are revealed. Recommendations about providing financial sources of waste management within the system of business and government shared responsibilities and partnership in the field of waste management are developed.
Efficiency of Inhibitive Mud Application in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Khuzina L B , Golub S I , Usmanov R A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Currently, we have been witnessing the increasing number of problems in drilling caused by certain challenges in drilling through depleted reservoirs, complicated geological settings, and fast-growing technology of extended reach drilling. One of the methods used to solve the problems is casing-while-drilling. The authors have been studying the difficulties occurring while using this method with a special focus on the issue of torque increase while rotating a casing string at an excessive speed. The paper presents calculations of the torque taking into account the friction coefficient. As an effective solution to reduce the torque a new centralizer has been designed in the laboratory of the Department of Oil and Gas Well Drilling of Almetyevsk State Oil Institute. While performing casing drilling operations a new centralizer with roller balls attached makes it possible for rolling friction to be replaced with sliding friction and, thus, prevent thread stripping.
The Poultry Waste Management System
Authors: Antonov A , Ivanov G , Pastukhova N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Wastes Management System is a set of measures to collect, transport, recycle, reuse or dispose of wastes, as well as control over implementation of these processes. In agriculture, the system primarily aims at environmental safety of production by recycling agricultural wastes. Disposal of organic animal wastes is main task of the system. Fresh bird excrement from poultry farms is unsafe for human, being the 3rd class environmental hazard. Proposed by us technology of bird excrement utilization is new, having no analogues in Russia. Based on process of excrement bioconversing by Black Soldier Fly’s larvae (Hermetia illucens L.), it solves a number of problems: environment protection from toxic poultry farming’s wastes (bioconversion speed: 3.7…7.6 kg/m2/day), production of ecologically clean fertilizers – zoohumus (output: 11.3…14.8% per 1 kg of wastes), and obtaining high-protein food additive for poultry (1.9…3.5 kg of larvae/day/m2). The system is profitable and of low costs: adding Fly’s larvae to the poultry’s food, consumption of combined feeds can be reduced by 49%; 360 kg of zoohumus per 1m2 is produced by recycling 3 tons of excrement by larvae; selling larvae as high-protein food additive is 28 times as much in contrast to selling excrement as granular fertilizer.
Flood Forecasting on River Lena During Spring High Water in Area of Location of Potentially Dangerous Objects
Authors: Struchkova G P , Nogovitsyn D D , Kapitonova T A , Kusatov K I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The most characteristic for Yakutia natural emergency situations (ES) are springsummer high waters causing extensive, more than 70%, floods of territories and objects of infrastructure.
The article presents the application of the methodology of risk analysis, interpretation of space images and geoinformation technologies (GIS) to develop a mathematical model that predicts flood hazards from spring floods based on statistical data obtained over 50 years and GIS simulation of flooding zones. There is presented an application of methodology of risk analysis, deciphering of satellite images and geoinformation technologies (GIS) to develop a mathematical model, which allows predicting danger of flooding from spring floods on the basis of statistical data obtained over 50 years and GIS modelling of flood zones. The proposed methodological approach allows one to obtain estimates of water level during spring floods in a certain period of time, and build models of studied dangerous process (a trend, harmonic and noise components) with sufficient accuracy and visualize flooded areas. Research of this region will allow considering one of aspects of provision of security of construction of bridge, and also the underwater passage of gas pipeline operating since 2004.
Safety Improving of Cooling Unit of is Open Tane - Isoprene Charge Stock for Production of Isoprene Rubber
Authors: Kurbangaleeva M H , Tazetdinov A S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The main hazards of the isopentane-isoprene charge cooling unit of isoprene rubber production are analyzed. The conditions for the emergence and development of emergency situations were studied, and existing measures to ensure safety at work were considered. The main initiating event in case of emergency situation in the shop is depressurization of equipment accompanied by the release of significant amount of hazardous substance with subsequent negative development of the accident.
Activities aimed at reducing the risk of an accident at the facility are: reducing the probability of depressurization of equipment; minimizing the quantity of hazardous substances entering the accident site; localization of the accident site; limiting the time spent in hazardous areas. It is proposed to equip pipelines at the site boundaries with high-speed shut-off valves with a response time of 12 seconds. This measure allows minimizing the quantity of hazardous substances entering the accident sitethat leads to a significant reduction of environmental and economic damage because of accident.
Photochemical Degradation of Micropollutants in Aqueous Media
Authors: Khandarkhaeva M S , Batoeva A A , Sizykh M R , Aseev D G , Tsydenova O V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Natural sunlight was employed to enhance degradation of micropollutants in a Fenton-like oxidative system involving persulfate as the oxidant and ferrous iron (Fe(II)) as the catalyst Fe2+/S2O8
2−/Solar. Experiments were carried out in a bench-scale compound parabolic collector (CPC) and a batch photoreactor. The micropollutants tested were p-chlorophenol, atrazine, and triclosan. The reaction rates and degree of micropollutant degradation increased in the order: {Solar} < {S2O8
2−/Solar} < {Fe2+/S2O8
2−} << {Fe2+/S2O8
2−/Solar}. It was proven that photocatalytic oxidation activated by solar radiation leads not only to complete degradation of micropollutants, but also to substantial drops in levels of total organic carbon in the solution (i.e. leads to mineralization). Based on the results, a method of deep degradation of toxic organic pollutants based on the solar photo-Fenton process Fe2+/S2O8
2−/Solar was suggested.
Abnormal High Radon Exhalation Levels on the Mount Beshtau, North Caucasus
Authors: Miklyaev P S , Petrova T B , Sidyakin P A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The measurements of radon exhalation rate, radon concentration in the air, gamma-doze rate and radium content in soils on the Mount Beshtau were carried out. The very high radon levels were discovered in local zone on the western slope. The radon exhalation rate in the anomalous zone achieves 15,000 mBq/m2s, and the radon concentration in the atmospheric air exceeds 4000 Bq/m3. These levels sufficiently exceed the local background. The extremely high values of radon exhalation rate in the anomalous zone cannot be explained by local sources of radon. Anomalous levels of radon exhalation probably result from radon transport out of fracturing zones with convective air flows. This thesis is confirmed by repeated measurements.
Probabilistic Modelling of Icebergs in the Russian Arctic Seas
Authors: Sabodash O , Zagorodnyaya S E , Krikunova Yu A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper aims at providing safe development of oil and gas deposits in the offshore area of the Kara and Barents seas where promising hydrocarbon deposits are located. For these water areas marine oil and gas structures construction projects are designed, primarily in connection with the plans for oil and gas fields’ development. Icebergs belong to such kind of drifting ice features, the action of which in most cases neither floating, nor stationary marine hydraulic structures can withstand.
The danger of a large drifting iceberg effect on exploration and production platforms, oil and gas pipelines is obvious, therefore, the iceberg – structure hit probability prediction is of great applied importance.
The aim of the paper is probabilistic modelling of icebergs to prevent their collision with structures, the Kara and Barents seas taken as an example.
Regional Aspects of Assessing Dietary Effect of Mercury on Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Fomina S F , Stepanova N V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnalysis of mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) intake with the diet of children aged 3-6 years old from the city of Kazan was carried out. Meat and meat products, poultry, eggs (36.86 % and 28.84 % correspondingly), cereals and bakery goods (18.45 % and 42.74 % correspondingly), fish, non-finfish (28.79 % and 19.80 %) contributed most to Hg exposure at the median and the 95th perc levels. The value of exposure to MeHg in children at the median (0.1 μg / kg of body weight per week) and the 95th perc (0.33 μg / kg of body weight per week) levels did not exceed the recommendations of USEPA and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to Hg with the main food groups at the median and the 95th perc levels was acceptable (HQ<1). Non-carcinogenic risk in children on MeHg intake at the level of the 95th perc made 2.29, that fact being unacceptable (HQ >1) and indicating the risk of neuropsychological disorders for younger children from the city of Kazan due to fish and seafood consumption.
Application of Plant Biomass Conversion Products for Biofuel Production
Authors: Tyaglivaya I N , Zhukova I Y , Papina E N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The problem of energy saving while reducing environmental pollution forces not only to look for ways of more rational use of traditional energy resources but also to find other preferably renewable and inexpensive sources of energy. The reserves of fossil fuels are not unlimited and therefore one of mankind tasks is to find new energy renewable sources to meet the growing needs of modern society and future generations. Particular interest in this regard is plant biomass. This review presents the results of studies of the practical application of plant biomass for biofuel production. Production of bioethanol from plant raw materials (in particular molasses - the waste of sugar production), the use of traditional and non-traditional oilseeds for biofuel production are considered. The most promising approach for the conversion biomass based on the dehydration of carbohydrates into furan derivatives is presented also.
Control of Biological Treatment of Disturbed Lands of Cryolithozone at Oil Spills
Authors: Glyaznetsova Yu S , Zueva I N , Chalaya O N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of geochemical research on the effectiveness of biological treatment of oil-contaminated permafrost soils in the conditions of the Far North (Republic Sakha (Yakutia)). On base of the complex of physics-chemical methods analysis, the comparison study of transformation features of oil contamination was made at the experimental site with application of biological preparation on the base of native strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and at the control site without application of preparation. At the experimental site over 10 years’ monitoring the significant changes were observed such as a content of residual oil content as in composition of oil contamination. A content of resins and asphaltenes increased as hydrocarbons decreased, in the chemical structure the amount of oxygen groups and bonds increased. Degree of destruction averaged 95%. At the same time, the level of pollution remained high. Thus, a single treatment of soils with biological preparation wasn’t enough to completely remediation soils. At the control site, the same direction of changes was observed with a lower rate of degradation. Degree of destruction was only 35%.Obtained positive results can be used for remedia works in territories contaminated by spills of oil and oil products.
On The Joint Use Of High-Speed And Conventional Railway Lines
Authors: Kukleva N V , Kuklev D N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
From the moment of commissioning of the first high-speed specialized railways (HSR) in Japan and as a result of more than 50 years of historical development of high-speed passenger railway traffic in different countries, currently, there are several options for its development: first, construction of new highways for the movement of specialized rolling stock, secondly, by reconstructing of the existing railway lines with more technical parameters for higher speed. In scientific publications the issues of justification of the construction of a new HSR are widely covered, as well as reconstruction of existing lines, but at the same time, the problem of definition of efficiency of use of HSR and conventional lines, according to the authors, at least Russian transport science has not been studied enough. In the article some results of the sharing study are presented specialized high-speed railways and reconstructed for more high speeds of passenger trains in existing railway lines of lines’. The question of definition from the economic point of view of costs is considered, depending on parameters such as distance between high-speed trains on the lines reconstructed under high-speed movement, and the cost of passenger-hour, reflecting the duration of passengers on the road.
Hydroacoustic Rupture-Detection System for Major Underwater Pipelines
Authors: Slesarev N Yu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In modern conditions, a continuous monitoring system for major underwater pipelines is an essential part for maintenance of their normal operating. One of the possible approaches to the development of a continuous control system for the pipeline technical condition can be the method that is based on the luminal echo sounding. The work contains numerical experiments for the analysis of influence of leaks and ruptures of gas pipelines on the structure of the illuminated acoustic fields in conditions of natural stochasity of water environment. In the quantitative experiment, the emitter was located on the axis of underwater acoustic channel (UAC). In this case, all the acoustic energy spreads along the UAC axis and there are no shade zones. As a result of the numeric experiments, correlations between the acoustic field distribution along the axis of underwater acoustic channel with and without gas pipeline ruptures at the range of 1 km and different levels of the random componentry were obtained. In the numeric experiment, the random componentry of the acoustic velocity field was discretely changing from 0,05 m/s to 0,5 m/s. The pipeline rupture was modelled at the ranges of 35; 70; 100 km. Pipeline rupture shifts the UAC axis; consequently, the acoustic field range rapidly drops at the depth of emitter. This effect is observed at all levels of the random componentry of the acoustic velocity field in the numeric experiments. Hydroacoustic leak-detection system for major gas pipelines is suggested based on the obtained results; it consists of the emitter and discrete receivers located along the UAC axis. The allocation precision is determined by the intervals between receiver along the UAC axis.