bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns of interannual climate–fire relationships
Authors: Abatzoglou John T. , Williams A. Park , Boschetti Luigi , Zubkova Maria , Kolden Crystal A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClimate shapes geographic and seasonal patterns in global fire activity by mediating vegetation composition, productivity, and desiccation in conjunction with land‐use and anthropogenic factors. Yet, the degree to which climate variability affects interannual variability in burned area across Earth is less understood. Two decades of satellite‐derived burned area records across forested and nonforested areas were used to examine global interannual climate–fire relationships at ecoregion scales. Measures of fuel aridity exhibited strong positive correlations with forested burned area, with weaker relationships in climatologically drier regions. By contrast, cumulative precipitation antecedent to the fire season exhibited positive correlations to nonforested burned area, with stronger relationships in climatologically drier regions. Climate variability explained roughly one‐third of the interannual variability in burned area across global ecoregions. These results highlight the importance of climate variability in enabling fire activity globally, but also identify regions where anthropogenic and other influences may facilitate weaker relationships. Empirical fire modeling efforts can complement process‐based global fire models to elucidate how fire activity is likely to change amidst complex interactions among climatic, vegetation, and human factors.
Diverse lignocellulosic feedstocks can achieve high field‐scale ethanol yields while providing flexibility for the biorefinery and landscape‐level environmental benefits
Authors: Zhang Yaoping , Oates Lawrence G. , Serate Jose , Xie Dan , Pohlmann Edward , Bukhman Yury V. , Karlen Steven D. , Young Megan K. , Higbee Alan , Eilert Dustin , Sanford Gregg R. , Piotrowski Jeff S. , Cavalier David , Ralph John , Coon Joshua J. , Sato Trey K. , Ong Rebecca G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIncreasing the diversity of lignocellulosic feedstocks accepted by a regional biorefinery has the potential to improve the environmental footprint of the facility; harvest, storage, and transportation logistics; and biorefinery economics. However, feedstocks can vary widely in terms of their biomass yields and quality characteristics (chemical composition, moisture content, etc.). To investigate how the diversity of potential biofuel cropping systems and feedstock supply might affect process and field‐scale ethanol yields, we processed and experimentally quantified ethanol production from five different herbaceous feedstocks: two annuals (corn stover and energy sorghum) and three perennials (switchgrass, miscanthus, and mixed prairie). The feedstocks were pretreated using ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), hydrolyzed at high solid loading (~17%–20% solids, depending on the feedstock), and fermented separately using microbes engineered to utilize xylose: yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiaeY128) or bacteria (Zymomonas mobilis8b). The field‐scale ethanol yield from each feedstock was dependent on biomass quality and cropping system productivity; however, biomass yield had a greater influence on the ethanol yield for low‐productivity crops, while biomass quality was the main driver for ethanol yields from high‐yielding crops. The process ethanol yield showed similar variability across years and feedstocks. A low process yield for corn stover was determined to result from inhibition of xylose utilization by unusually elevated levels of hydroxycinnamates (p‐coumaric and ferulic acids) in the untreated biomass and their acid and amide derivatives in the resulting hydrolyzate. This finding highlights the need to better understand factors that influence process ethanol yield and biomass quality. Ultimately we provide evidence that most feedstocks fall within a similar range of process ethanol yield, particularly for the more resistant strain Z. mobilis8b. This supports the claim that the refinery can successfully diversify its feedstock supply, enabling many social and environmental benefits that can accrue due to landscape diversification.
Sustained virologic response after eight weeks of treatment with sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and ribavirin in a decompensated cirrhotic patient with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b
Authors: Taniyama Ohki , Mawatari Seiichi , Oda Kohei , Tabu Kazuaki , Ijuin Sho , Kumagai Kotaro , Kasai Ai , Tashima Shuzo , Tamai Tsutomu , Moriuchi Akihiro , Ido Akio 
Published: July 2018

A 68‐year‐old Japanese man with decompensated cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b infection was treated with sofosbuvir (SOF; 400 mg/day), ledipasvir (LDV; 90 mg/day), and ribavirin (RBV; 400 mg/day). Before treatment, his Child–Pugh and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores were 10 (class C) and 13 points, respectively. Although RBV was initially given at two‐thirds the normal dose due to anemia, his hemoglobin level gradually declined, and RBV was reduced to 200 mg daily on day 11, and 200 mg every other day on day 14. His alanine aminotransferase level gradually decreased during combination therapy; and HCV‐RNA was undetectable on day 28. He complained of fatigue from day 49, and RBV was ceased. On day 56, he asked to discontinue treatment because of strong fatigue and insomnia. As hepatic encephalopathy occurred just after the cessation of direct‐acting antivirals, diuretics were discontinued, and treatment with synthetic disaccharides and intractable antibiotics were given, after which his consciousness returned to normal. Ascites gradually disappeared, and a sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved. At 1.5 years after treatment, his Child–Pugh and MELD scores had improved to 6 (class A) and 10 points, respectively. Although he did not experience hepatic encephalopathy during the observation period, his blood ammonia concentration persistently increased. We reported a case of decompensated cirrhosis in a patient who achieved SVR with SOF/LDV plus RBV for 8 weeks. Although his liver function improved after treatment, careful long‐term observation is required for complications of liver cirrhosis, even after HCV elimination.
Keratin‐based particles for protection and restoration of hair properties
Authors: Tinoco A. , Gonçalves J. , Silva C. , Loureiro A. , Gomes A. C. , Cavaco‐Paulo A. , Ribeiro A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveHuman hair is an element with unquestionable relevance in society both for women and men. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop new cosmetic products for hair care capable to restore and improve hair's characteristics. Here, we explore the potential of keratin‐based particles in the protection and recovery of hair mechanical properties and thermal stability.MethodsKeratin‐based particles were obtained by high pressure homogenization (HPH) using keratin and silk fibroin. The particles were characterized regarding size, superficial charge and polydispersity index. Their safety to cells was assessed using human skin keratinocytes. Virgin and overbleached Asian hair were treated with eight keratin‐based formulations. The effect of particles on hair's mechanical properties was evaluated in terms of stiffness and tensile strength. The impact of treatments in hair thermal performance was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).ResultsKeratin‐based particles were capable to recover and/or improve the mechanical properties of virgin and overbleached hair. Virgin hair treated with K80SF20P particles presented an improvement in the mechanical properties of around 40%. An increase in keratin α‐helix denaturation enthalpy and in surface smoothness for both types of hair was also verified after treatment. These particles demonstrated stability over time and proved to be safe when tested in human keratinocytes.ConclusionThe keratin‐based particles here presented have the potential to be incorporated in the development of new and effective hair care cosmetic formulations.
An updated review of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin – New perspectives and evaluation for claims support
Authors: Bielfeldt S. , Springmann G. , Seise M. , Wilhelm K.‐P. , Callaghan T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith the advancement of skin research, today's consumer has increased access to an informed understanding of ageing skin and its appendages, together with a plethora of targeted products to meet such needs. In recent years, increased legislative demands for quality evidential claims support have led not only to the development and validation of clinical methods to measure and quantify ageing skin, but also a clearer understanding of the skin ageing process–especially the impact of both its internal and external environments–as well as a tougher stance on clearly unjustifiable claims. Traditional testing methods used to research and evaluate anti‐ageing products claim to employ sophisticated instruments. Today, however, since the term anti‐ageing can be considered a misnomer, intelligent use of combined more advanced clinical methods has enabled the development of technologically improved consumer products providing enhanced efficacy and targeted performance. Non‐invasive methods for the assessment and quantification of the causes of ageing skin provide tools to the clinical researcher as defined by key clinically observed ageing parameters. Where evidence requires additional support, a number of clinical procedures evaluating ageing skin and hair products are combined with invasive procedures, thus enabling an added value to product claims. As discussed herein, given the enhanced understanding of ageing, we provide an update to our previous reviews of clinical methods used in the assessment of skin ageing, to include the wider aspects of environmental exposure; skin pigmentation; microbiome disturbance; surface topography; colour, radiance, and pH; and structural integrity–all requiring a disciplined approach to their use in dermatological investigations and product claims evidence.
Effects of incorporation of sugarcane fibre on the physicochemical and sensory properties of chicken sausage
Authors: Fang Zhongxiang , Lin Peiying , Ha Minh , Warner Robyn Dorothy 
Published: July 2018

SummaryImproving functional and eating qualities of processed meat products through incorporation of plant fibre is of interest to both consumers and food industry. This project investigated the physicochemical and sensory properties of chicken sausages with incorporation of up to 3% sugarcane fibre, a by‐product of sugarcane processing. Compared with no sugarcane fibre sample, the cooking yield of chicken sausage with 3% of fibre and 10% of water addition was increased from 94.20% to 97.52%, total phenolic content from 25.43 to 57.09 mg GAE/100 g and radical scavenging activity from 28.11% to 60.72%, whereas lipid oxidation of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value was decreased from 0.535 to 0.428 malondialdehyde mg kg−1. Moreover, consumer overall liking of chicken sausages was not affected by the incorporation of sugarcane fibre. This research suggested that incorporation of sugarcane fibre could improve eating quality and health benefits of the chicken sausage product, and add value to both the food and sugarcane industry.
Effect of fermentation on content, molecule weight distribution and viscosity of β‐glucans in oat sourdough
Authors: Lu Jun , Shan Lingke , Xie Yiting , Min Fangfang , Gao Jinyan , Guo Laichun , Ren Changzhong , Yuan Juanli , Gilissen Luud , Chen Hongbing 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of fermentation on the physicochemical properties of β‐glucans in oat sourdough. Sourdoughs were produced from oat using homo‐fermentative lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum 22134. The contents of total β‐glucan and soluble β‐glucan, the molecular weight (MW) of β‐glucan and the viscosity of the extracted β‐glucans were determined at 0, 4, 8, 10 and 12 h of fermentation. The total β‐glucan content decreased from 4.89% to 4.23% after 12 h of fermentation. The soluble β‐glucan concentration increased from 1.89% to 2.18% and then decreased to 1.97% after 8 h of fermentation. The content of β‐glucans with MW > 105 decreased from 0 to 4 h of fermentation, followed by an increase and then a decrease after 8 h. The oat sourdough fermented for 8 h had high viscosity, which could be more beneficial for health and bread texture quality, especially for gluten‐free breads.
Conflicting realities experienced by children with life‐limiting and life‐threatening conditions when transitioning to adult health services
Authors: Noyes Jane , Pritchard Shan , Pritchard Aaron , Bennett Virginia , Rees Sally 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to report a secondary qualitative analysis exploring the cultural and practical differences that young people and parents experience when transitioning from children's to adult services.BackgroundDespite two decades of research and quality improvement initiatives, young people with life‐limiting and life‐threatening conditions still find transition unsatisfactory.DesignSecondary analysis: 77 qualitative interviews with children and young people (20), parents (35), siblings (1), professionals (21).MethodsQualitative framework analysis completed 2017.FindingsSix conflicting realities were identified: Planning to live and planning to die with different illness trajectories that misaligned with adult service models; being treated as an adult and the oldest “patient” in children's services compared with being treated as a child and the youngest “patient” in adult services; being a “child” in a child's body in children's services compared with being a “child” in an adult's body in adult services for those with learning impairments; being treated by experienced children's professionals within specialist children's services compared with being treated by relatively inexperienced professionals within generalist adult services; being relatively one of many with the condition in children's services to being one of very few with the condition in adult services; meeting the same eligibility criteria in children's services but not adult services.ConclusionInequity and skills deficits can be addressed through targeted interventions. Expanding age‐specific transition services, use of peer‐to‐peer social media, and greater joint facilitation of social support groups between health services and not‐for‐profit organizations may help mitigate age dilution and social isolation in adult services.
Paradigm shifts in inpatient psychiatric care of children: Approaching child‐ and family‐centered care
Authors: Regan Kathleen M. , Curtin Carol , Vorderer Lee 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTopicThis article describes the components of child‐ and family‐centered care, including a review of the literature about the delivery of family‐centered care and the barriers that often prevent the provision of such care. The article describes an inpatient child psychiatric unit that has implemented an approach to care that embraces these principles. The changes in structures and policies that the unit adopted are described, with specific examples cited as illustrations of the components of this care.PurposeTo describe the elements of child‐ and familycentered care and the ways in which this model of care may be implemented on inpatient child psychiatric units.Sources usedLiterature review including journal reports and articles and books.ConclusionsPreliminary outcomes are encouraging in the decrease in use of practices such as restraint and seclusion, and physical holds. Further research examining parents’ satisfaction is warranted in determining the success of such endeavors.
Nursing in child psychiatric milieus: What nurses do: An update
Authors: Delaney Kathleen R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn 1992, a paper published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing detailed the work of psychiatric nursing staff on inpatient child/adolescent psychiatric units. The paper was organized around five therapeutic processes seen to organize nursing interventions into the essential functions of a therapeutic milieu. This paper updates that scheme as well as the nursing interventions that operationalize these therapeutic processes. The model is now organized according to four therapeutic categories: Safety, Structure, Support, and Self‐Management. Each of these categories is explained and updated with recent nursing literature and psychiatric inpatient research. The support category highlights recent qualitative research focused on adolescents’ perceptions of their psychiatric hospitalization experience. Recommendations for future directions for nursing milieu practice are suggested.
Long‐term risk of stroke and bleeding post–atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Joza Jacqueline , Samuel Michelle , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Behlouli Hassan , Jia Jing , Koh Maria , Tsadok Meytal Avgil , Tang Anthony S.L. , Verma Atul , Pilote Louise , Essebag Vidal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation (CA) is an established therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). Studies regarding long‐term real‐world outcomes post‐CA have inconsistently accounted for oral anticoagulation (OAC).ObjectivesTo describe patterns of OAC use post‐CA and to compare the OAC‐adjusted long‐term risk of stroke and major bleeding in AF patients with and without CA.MethodsA population‐based cohort of AF patients was constructed in Quebec and Ontario, Canada (1999‐2014). Propensity score matching was performed to determine the incidence rates of stroke and major bleeding among those undergoing CA, adjusted for time‐dependent OAC use.ResultsFrom the entire cohort, 6391 patients were identified as having undergone CA as compared to 482 977 patients who did not. Of these, 1240 patients with government medical insurance undergoing CA were matched with 2427 patients without CA. Post‐CA, 78%, 65%, and 61% remained on an OAC at 1, 2, and 5 years, while 75%, 71%, and 68% of patients not undergoing CA were on OACs at 1, 2, and 5 years. At follow‐up, there was no statistically significant difference for stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.21) or major bleeding (adjusted HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.06).ConclusionNo evidence was found that CA significantly decreases the risk of stroke or major bleeding when adjusting for OAC use over time. It may be prudent to continue anticoagulation post‐CA based on patient‐risk profile until randomized trials demonstrate both reduced stroke rates with CA, and improved safety (balancing stroke and bleeding risk) with OAC discontinuation post‐CA.
Knockdown of lncRNA AK139328 alleviates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic mice via modulating miR‐204‐3p and inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Yu Si‐yang , Dong Bo , Fang Zhen‐fei , Hu Xin‐qun , Tang Liang , Zhou Sheng‐hua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed at investigating the effects of lncRNA AK139328 on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) in diabetic mice. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model was constructed in normal mice (NM) and diabetic mice (DM). Microarray analysis was utilized to identify lncRNA AK139328 overexpressed in DM after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R). RT‐qPCR assay was utilized to investigate the expressions of lncRNA AK139328 and miR‐204‐3p in cardiomyocyte and tissues. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractioning shortening (FS) were obtained by transthoracic echocardiography. Haematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were utilized to detect the damage of myocardial tissues degradation of myocardial fibres and integrity of myocardial collagen fibres. Evans Blue/TTC staining was used to determine the myocardial infarct size. TUNEL staining was utilized to investigate cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The targeted relationship between lncRNA AK139328 and miR‐204‐3p was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. MTT assay was used for analysis of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Western blot was utilized to investigate the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), Atg7, Atg5, LC3‐II/LC3‐I and p62 marking autophagy. Knockdown of lncRNA AK139328 relieved myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in DM and inhibited cardiomyocyte autophagy as well as apoptosis of DM. LncRNA AK139328 modulated miR‐204‐3p directly. MiR‐204‐3p and knockdown of lncRNA AK139328 relieved hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via inhibiting cardiomyocyte autophagy. Silencing lncRNA AK139328 significantly increased miR‐204‐3p expression and inhibited cardiomyocyte autophagy, thereby attenuating MIRI in DM.
The Role of Iron Status in the Early Progression of Metronidazole Resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis Under Microaerophilic Conditions
Authors: Argáez‐Correa Wendy , Alvarez‐Sánchez María E. , Arana‐Argáez Victor E. , Ramírez‐Camacho Mario A. , Novelo‐Castilla Jazmín S. , Coral‐Martínez Tania I. , Torres‐Romero Julio C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent of human trichomoniasis. Metronidazole has high treatment success rate among trichomoniasis patients. However, metronidazole‐resistant T. vaginalis has been reported, contributing in an increasing number of refractory cases. The mechanism of metronidazole resistance in this parasite is still unclear. In the vaginal environment, where the microaerophilic conditions prevail but the iron concentration is constantly fluctuating, the metronidazole resistance profile of T. vaginalis could be altered. In this study, we developed metronidazole‐resistant strains of T. vaginalis and evaluate if iron availability is important to the action of the drug. The modulation of iron levels and iron chelation affected the actions of metronidazole both in susceptible and resistant strains. Interestingly, the early resistant strains exhibited minor iron content. The results of transcription analysis in the early resistant strains showed dysregulation in the expression of genes that codified proteins involved in iron transporter, iron–sulfur cluster assemblage, and oxidative stress response, which could not be observed in the late resistant and susceptible strains. Our results indicate that iron content plays an important role in the metronidazole action in T. vaginalis and likely to be related to iron–sulfur proteins involved in metronidazole activation and oxidative stress via Fenton reaction.