bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of the Sodium – Copper Extrusion Mechanism in CuCrS2: A High Capacity, Long‐Life Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Krengel Markus , Hansen Anna‐Lena , Hartmann Felix , van Dinter Jonas , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe compound CuCrS2 with a quasi‐layered crystal structure was investigated as room temperature rechargeable sodium‐ion battery electrode. It exhibits excellent performance as anode material with a high reversible capacity of 424 mAh g−1 at 700 mA g−1 after 200 cycles and a capacity retention of 98.6 % compared to the third cycle. Results of ex‐situ X‐Ray diffraction experiments performed at different stages of the discharge process demonstrate that at the beginning of Na uptake, Cu+ cations are reduced to nanosized metallic Cu particles which are expelled from the host lattice. Simultaneously, Na is inserted into the host material leading to the formation of Na0.7Cu0.15CrS2 with significantly expanded interlayer space. Metallic Cu and Na0.7Cu0.15CrS2 coexist at this stage of discharge. Increasing the amount of Na per formula unit leads to successive conversion to X‐ray amorphous Cr, nanocrystalline Na2S and metallic Cu. The formation of highly disordered metallic Cr with domain sizes in the range of few nanometres is revealed by atomic pair distribution function analysis. During the charge process, the nanocrystalline Cu particles are retained and Na0.7Cu0.15CrS2 is at least partially reformed. The finely distributed Cu particles dramatically improve the long‐time stability as evidenced by comparison of the electrochemical behaviour of mere NaCuCrS2.
Elemental Sulfur Nanoparticles Chemically Boost the Sodium Storage Performance of MoS2/rGO Anodes
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Fu Hao , Yao Kai , Shen Xuetao , Li Zhi , Fu Licai , Huang Jianfeng , Li Jiayin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe critical role of sulfur nanoparticles in stabilizing MoS2 supported on reduced graphene oxide as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries is discovered. The MoS2 supported on reduced graphene oxide decorated with sulfur particles (∼50 nm) is in‐situ synthesized using an ammonium molybdate/graphene oxide preform and sublimed sulfur through a facile chemical vapor deposition process in a tube furnace with 2 temperature‐controlled zones. Although the sulfur particles show no positive effect when the material is tested as anode for Li‐ion batteries, they significantly improve the Na storage performance in terms of both, total specific capacity and cycle life. A stable high capacity of 580 mAh g−1 and an extremely low capacity fade of 94 μAh g−1 cycle−1 make the designed assembly one of the best‐performing MoS2‐based anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries so far. The post‐cycling analysis reveals that the elemental sulfur nanoparticles play two roles: during the intercalation of Na in‐between the layers of MoS2 (above 1.0 V), they function as blockers and inhibit the aggregation of MoS2; in the conversion reaction stage, the sulfur nanoparticles chemically participate in the Na storage process by forming Na2S5‐rich compounds, which eventually improve the reversibility of the conversion reaction and thereafter the cycling performance.
Developmental abnormalities of the otic capsule and inner ear following application of prolyl‐hydroxylase inhibitors in chick embryos
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Davies Thomas G. , Itasaki Nobue 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundNaturally hypoxic conditions in amniote embryos play important roles in normal development. We previously showed that a hypoxic condition is required to produce a sufficient amount of neural crest cells (NCCs) during embryogenesis and that promoting a hypoxic response by prolyl‐hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors increases NCCs. Given that PHD inhibitors are considered as a potential treatment for anemia and ischemic diseases, we investigated the phenotypic effect of PHD inhibitors on embryonic development.MethodsChick embryos were administered with PHD inhibitors prior to the induction of NCCs on day 1.5. Three main events relating to hypoxia, NCCs induction, vasculogenesis and chondrogenesis, were examined.ResultsPHD inhibitors caused an increase of Sox10‐positive NCCs in vivo. Vasculogenesis was promoted temporarily, although rapid vasculogenesis diminished the effect by day 5 in cephalic and pharyngeal regions. Studies on chondrogenesis at day 7 showed advanced development of the otic capsule, a cartilaginous structure encapsulating the inner ear. Analysis by X‐ray micro‐computed‐tomography (μCT) revealed smaller otic capsule, suggesting premature differentiation. This in turn, deformed the developing semicircular canals within it. Other skeletal structures such as the palate and jaw were unaffected. The localized effect on the otic capsule was considered a result of the multiple effects from the hypoxic responses, increased NCCs and promoted chondrogenesis.ConclusionGiven the wide range of clinical applications being considered for PHD inhibitors, this study provides crucial information to caution and guide use of PHD inhibitors when treating women of childbearing age.
Wie der Mensch zum Zucker kam
Authors: Bickel Susanne 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Disaccharid Saccharose wird im Pflanzenreich nur in Ausnahmefällen gespeichert, z.B. in der Zuckerrübe und im Zuckerrohr. Die beiden Weltwirtschaftspflanzen Zuckerrübe und Zuckerrohr liefern weltweit pro Jahr etwa 180 Mio. Tonnen Zucker. Immerhin 70 Prozent der weltweiten Zuckerproduktion stammt vom Zuckerrohr, das nur in tropischen und subtropischen Regionen wächst, und eine etwa 3000jährige Geschichte aufweist. Der eingedampfte, getrocknete und gemahlene Zuckerrohrsaft (Vollrohrzucker) enthält am meisten Mineralstoffe, hat aber auch einen starken Eigengeschmack und ist deshalb nicht universell anwendbar. In der nächsten BIUZ‐Ausgabe wird ein weiterer Artikel der Autorin über verschiedene Zucker und verwandte Süßungsmittel aus ernährungsphysiologischer Sicht informieren.
Prognostic implications of MRI-detected lateral nodal disease and extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer
Authors: Schaap D P , Ogura A , Nederend J , Maas M , Cnossen J S , Creemers G J , van Lijnschoten I , Nieuwenhuijzen G A P , Rutten H J T , Kusters M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Lateral nodal disease in rectal cancer remains a subject of debate and is treated differently in the East and the West. The predictive value of lateral lymph node and MRI-detected extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI) features on oncological outcomes was assessed in this study.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, data on patients with cT3–4 rectal cancer within 8 cm from the anal verge were considered over a 5-year period (2009–2013). Lateral lymph node size, malignant features and mrEMVI features were evaluated and related to oncological outcomes.

Results
In total, 192 patients were studied, of whom 30 (15·6 per cent) underwent short-course radiotherapy and 145 (75·5 per cent) received chemoradiotherapy. A lateral lymph node short-axis size of 10 mm or more was associated with a significantly higher 5-year lateral/presacral local recurrence rate of 37 per cent, compared with 7·7 per cent in nodes smaller than 10 mm (P = 0·041). Enlarged nodes did not result in a higher 5-year rate of distant metastasis (23 per cent versus 27·7 per cent in nodes smaller than 10 mm; P = 0·563). However, mrEMVI positivity was related to more metastatic disease (5-year rate 43 versus 26·3 per cent in the mrEMVI-negative group; P = 0·014), but not with increased lateral/presacral recurrence. mrEMVI occurred in 46·6 per cent of patients with nodes smaller than 10 mm, compared with 29 per cent in patients with nodes of 10 mm or larger (P = 0·267).

Conclusion
Although lateral nodal disease is more a local problem, mrEMVI mainly predicts distant recurrence. The results of this study showed an unacceptably high local recurrence rate in patients with a short axis of 10 mm or more, despite neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy.
Prehospital stroke scale (FAST PLUS Test) predicts patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion
Authors: Václavík Daniel , Bar Michal , Klečka Lukáš , Holeš David , Čábal Martin , Mikulík Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and PurposeMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is indicated for the treatment of large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. MT should be provided as quickly as possible; therefore, a test identifying suspected LVO in the prehospitalization stage is needed to ensure direct transport to a comprehensive stroke center (CSC). We assume that patients with clinically severe hemiparesis have a high probability of LVO stroke. We modified the FAST test into the FAST PLUS test: The first part is the FAST test and the second part evaluates the presence of severe arm or leg motor deficit. This prospective multicenter study evaluates the specificity and sensitivity of the FAST PLUS test in detecting LVO stroke.MethodsParamedics were trained through e‐learning to conduct the FAST PLUS test.All prehospital suspected stroke patients who were administered the FAST PLUS test were included. Demographics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, brain computed tomography (CT), and CT angiography (CTA) were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operating curve (ROC) area for LVO were calculated.ResultsThe study included 435 patients. LVO were found in 124 patients (28%). Sensitivity was 93%, specificity was 47%, PPV was 41%, NPV was 94%, and ROC area for ICA/MCA occlusion was 0.65. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was identified in 48 patients (11%).ConclusionWe found that the FAST PLUS test had a high sensitivity for LVO stroke. Of the 435 patients, 41% were all directly transported to a CSC based on positive FAST PLUS test scores and were potential candidates for MT.
An in Vitro Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenes Starting from Acetic Acid
Authors: Dirkmann Michael , Nowack Julia , Schulz Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe enzymatic synthesis of terpenes was investigated by using a cascade based on the mevalonic acid pathway. Suitable enzymes from all kingdoms of life were identified and combined to give rise to geosmin and patchoulol as representative compounds. The pathway was studied in three separate segments, which were subsequently combined in a ten‐step cascade plus added cofactor regeneration systems. The cascade delivers farnesyl pyrophosphate with >40 % conversion and cyclises it to sesquiterpenes with >90 % conversion.
Protonation of Nucleobases in Single‐ and Double‐Stranded DNA
Authors: González‐Olvera Julio C. , Durec Matúš , Marek Radek , Fiala Radovan , Morales‐García María del Rosario J. , González‐Jasso Eva , Pless Reynaldo C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSingle‐stranded model oligodeoxyribonucleotides, each containing a single protonatable base—cytosine, adenine, guanine, or 5‐methylcytosine—centrally located in a background of non‐protonatable thymine residues, were acid‐titrated in aqueous solution, with UV monitoring. The basicity of the central base was shown to depend on the type of the central base and its nearest neighbours and to rise with increasing oligonucleotide length and decreasing ionic strength of the solution. More complex model oligonucleotides, each containing a centrally located 5‐methylcytosine base, were comparatively evaluated in single‐stranded and double‐stranded form, by UV spectroscopy and high‐field NMR. The N3 protonation of the 5‐methylcytosine moiety in the double‐stranded case occurred at much lower pH, at which the duplex was already experiencing general dissociation, than in the single‐stranded case. The central guanine:5‐methylcytosine base pair remained intact up to this point, possibly due to an unusual alternative protonation on O2 of the 5‐methylcytosine moiety, already taking place at neutral or weakly basic pH, as indicated by UV spectroscopy, thus suggesting that 5‐methylcytosine sites in double‐stranded DNA might be protonated to a significant extent under physiological conditions.
Probing Backbone Hydrogen Bonds in Proteins by Amide‐to‐Ester Mutations
Authors: Sereikaitė Vita , Jensen Thomas M. T. , Bartling Christian R. O. , Jemth Per , Pless Stephan A. , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAll proteins contain characteristic backbones formed of consecutive amide bonds, which can engage in hydrogen bonds. However, the importance of these is not easily addressed by conventional technologies that only allow for side‐chain substitutions. By contrast, technologies such as nonsense suppression mutagenesis and protein ligation allow for manipulation of the protein backbone. In particular, replacing the backbone amide groups with ester groups, that is, amide‐to‐ester mutations, is a powerful tool to examine backbone‐mediated hydrogen bonds. In this minireview, we showcase examples of how amide‐to‐ester mutations can be used to uncover pivotal roles of backbone‐mediated hydrogen bonds in protein recognition, folding, function, and structure.
Heterogeneity of microvesicles from cancer cell lines under inflammatory stimulation with TNF‐α
Authors: Gieseler Frank , Plattfaut Corinna , Quecke Tabea , Freund Annika , Ungefroren Hendrik , Ender Fanny 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMicrovesicles (MVs) represent a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging from various cells by blebbing of their outer membrane. Therefore, they share features such as membrane composition and antigenicity with their parental cells. Released by many immune and tumor cells, MVs act as intercellular messengers, account for horizontal gene transfer and can activate the coagulation system. With the aim to investigate their relevance for tumor cell biology, we characterized MVs released by human tumor cell lines of various origins in the absence or presence of TNF‐α. After stimulation, we used the combination of low and high‐speed centrifugation to enrich MVs from cell culture supernatants. We analyzed the presentation of phosphatidylserine (PS) and tissue factor (TF) activity on the cell surface and investigated their potency to induce tumor cell migration. In all tumor cell lines, TNF‐α stimulation enhanced the release of MVs. While the expression of PS was universally increased, an elevated activity of procoagulant TF could be detected on MVs from lung, pancreatic, and colon carcinoma, but not from breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Functionally, TNF‐α stimulation significantly increased the potency of MVs to induce tumor cell migration. In conclusion, inflammatory conditions promote the release of MVs with increased procoagulant activity from tumor cell lines in vitro. PS‐containing and TF‐expressing MVs may account for systemic activation of the coagulation system as seen in cancer patients and, since they induce tumor cell migration, they may serve as biomarkers for tumor progression.
Guided Lithium Deposition by Surface Micro‐Patterning of Lithium‐Metal Electrodes
Authors: Kim Yun‐Jung , Jin Hyun S. , Lee Dong‐Hyun , Choi Jaeho , Jo Wonhee , Noh Hyungjun , Lee Jinhong , Chu Hyunwon , Kwack Hobeom , Ye Fangmin , Lee Hongkyung , Ryou Myung‐Hyun , Kim Hee‐Tak 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUncontrolled lithium (Li) deposition has hampered the evolution of Li‐metal electrode‐based Li‐batteries. In this work, we report the differences of a guided Li deposition with a size change of the square hole micro‐patterns carved on the Li‐metal surface with two different dimensions using a simple stamping method. Li deposition is preferentially initiated on the top edge for the smaller pattern and on the bottom for the larger pattern. Although the two patterns lead to a more uniform utilization of the Li, the larger pattern shows a higher cycling stability within a LiFePO4/Li cell than that of the smaller one indicating that initiating the Li deposition from the bottom of the hole is more efficient in confining the deposited Li. Based on the impedance analysis of the compressed Li electrodes, we suggest that the guided Li deposition on the bottom of the hole is attributed to a large contrast in the resistance of native surface passivation layer between the top and hole surfaces. This improved understanding can further advance guided Li deposition induced by surface patterns for high performance Li‐metal batteries.
Transition‐Metal Oxides Anchored on Nitrogen‐Enriched Carbon Ribbons for High‐Performance Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Pang Yuanchao , Zhang Shuyang , Chen Sheng , Liang Jin , Li Mingyan , Ding Dawei , Ding Shujiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIncreasing demand for effective energy‐storage systems derived from low‐cost and ecofriendly raw materials has aroused wide concern. In this contribution, we propose nitrogen‐abundant amorphous micron‐sized carbon ribbons (AMCRs) originating from biomass raupo as a novel substrate due to their specific quasi 2D morphologies and outstanding dispersion ability. Owing to the innate nitrogen atoms on the surface of AMCRs, ultrathin binary and ternary metal oxide (NiO, CoO, and NiCo2O4) nanosheets can be uniformly developed under benign conditions. These three composites were separately fabricated as electrodes for supercapacitors in a three‐electrode system and exhibited favorable activities. Among them, the ternary metal oxide composites NiCo2O4@AMCRs delivered the supreme specific capacitance of 1691 F g−1 and best cycling stability (89 % capacity retention over 10,000 cycles). Moreover, symmetric supercapacitors (NiCo2O4@AMCRs//NiCo2O4@AMCRs) were assembled inside sleeve devices with 2 m KOH aqueous electrolyte, which demonstrated admirable cyclic stability (79.1 % capacity retention over 8,000 cycles), and an excellent energy density of 26 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 1.8 kW kg−1.
A Biomimetic Supramolecular Approach for Charge Transfer between Donor and Acceptor Chromophores with Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Chen Jing‐Yu , Kadam Gajanan , Gupta Akhil , Anuradha  , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Zheng Fei , Zhou Chun‐Hua , Jia Bao‐Hua , Dalal Dipak S. , Li Jing‐Liang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSupramolecular assembly of chromophores with inherent resistance to aggregation‐induced self‐quenching is significant to applications such as chemical sensing and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, molecular gels with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) are constructed by simply coassembling AIE chromophores (electron donor or acceptor) with a nonfluorescent molecular gelator. The binary gels are fluorescent even at very low concentrations of the AIE chromophores, indicating that the rotation of their aromatic cores is restricted in the gel network. In tertiary gels, the fluorescence of the donor chromophore can be efficiently reduced by the acceptor chromophore through a combination of static and dynamic quenching process, via charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor. This work demonstrates a convenient approach to fabricate a supramolecular charge transfer system using an AIE donor and acceptor.
Efficient Capture of Organic Dyes and Crystallographic Snapshots by a Highly Crystalline Amino‐Acid‐Derived Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Mon Marta , Bruno Rosaria , Tiburcio Estefanía , Casteran Pierre‐Edouard , Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe presence of residual organic dyes in water resources or wastewater treatment systems, derived mainly from effluents of different industries, is a major environmental problem with no easy solution. Herein, an ecofriendly, water‐stable metal–organic framework was prepared from a derivative of the natural amino acid l‐serine. Its functional channels are densely decorated with highly flexible l‐serine residues bearing hydroxyl groups. The presence of such a flexible and functional environment within the confined environment of the MOF leads to efficient removal of different organic dyes from water: Pyronin Y, Auramine O, Methylene Blue and Brilliant Green, as unveiled by unprecedented snapshots offered by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This MOF enables highly efficient water remediation by capturing more than 90 % of dye content, even at very low concentrations such as 10 ppm, which is similar to those usually found in industrial wastewaters. Remarkably, the removal efficiency is improved in simulated contaminated mineral water with multiple dyes.
2‐Allyl‐ and Propargylamino‐dATPs for Site‐Specific Enzymatic Introduction of a Single Modification in the Minor Groove of DNA
Authors: Matyašovský Ján , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA series of 2‐alkylamino‐2′‐deoxyadenosine triphosphates (dATP) was prepared and found to be substrates for the Therminator DNA polymerase, which incorporated only one modified nucleotide into the primer. Using a template encoding for two consecutive adenines, conditions were found for incorporation of either one or two modified nucleotides. In all cases, addition of a mixture of natural dNTPs led to primer extension resulting in site‐specific single modification of DNA in the minor groove. The allylamino‐substituted DNA was used for the thiol‐ene addition, whereas the propargylamino‐DNA for the CuAAC click reaction was used to label the DNA with a fluorescent dye in the minor groove. The approach was used to construct FRET probes for detection of oligonucleotides.
The determination of enantiomer composition of 1‐((3‐chlorophenyl)‐(phenyl)methyl) amine and 1‐((3‐chlorophenyl)(phenyl)‐methyl) urea (Galodif) by NMR spectroscopy, chiral HPLC, and polarimetry
Authors: Kuksenok Vera Yu. , Shtrykova Victoria V. , Filimonov Victor D. , Druganov Alexandr G. , Bondarev Alexandr A. , Stankevich Ksenia S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor the first time, a method for enantiomer resolution of the anticonvulsant Galodif (1‐((3‐chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl) urea) by chiral HPLC was developed, whereas the enantiomeric composition of 1‐((3‐chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl) amine—precursor in Galodif synthesis—cannot be resolved by this method. However, starting 1‐((3‐chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl) amine quantitatively forms diastereomeric N‐((3‐chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl)‐1‐camphorsulfonamides in reaction with chiral (1R)‐(+)‐ or (1S)‐(−)‐camphor‐10‐sulfonyl chlorides. The diastereomeric ratio of obtained camphorsulfonamides can be easily determined by NMR 1H and 13C spectroscopy. The DFT calculations of specific rotation of Galodif enantiomers showed good agreement with experimental data. The absolute configuration of enantiomers was proposed for the first time.