bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive prediction of portal pressure with MR elastography and DCE‐MRI of the liver and spleen: Preliminary results
Authors: Wagner Mathilde , Hectors Stefanie , Bane Octavia , Gordic Sonja , Kennedy Paul , Besa Cecilia , Schiano Thomas D. , Thung Swan , Fischman Aaron , Taouli Bachir 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPortal hypertension (PH), defined by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥5 mmHg and clinically significant PH, defined by HVPG ≥10 mmHg, are complications of chronic liver disease.PurposeTo assess the diagnostic performance of MR elastography (MRE) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) of the liver and spleen for the prediction of PH and clinically significant PH, in comparison with a qualitative PH imaging scoring system.Study TypeIRB‐approved prospective study.PopulationIn all, 34 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent HVPG measurement.Field Strength/Sequence1.5/3T examination including 2D‐GRE MRE (n = 33) and DCE‐MRI of the liver/spleen (n = 28).AssessmentLiver and spleen stiffness were calculated from elastogram maps. DCE‐MRI was analyzed using model‐free parameters and pharmacokinetic modeling. Two observers calculated qualitative PH imaging scores based on routine images.Statistical TestsImaging parameters were correlated with HVPG. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for prediction of PH and clinically significant PH.ResultsThere were significant correlations between DCE‐MRI parameters (liver time‐to‐peak, r = 0.517 / P = 0.006, liver distribution volume, r = 0.494 / P = 0.009, liver upslope, r = –0.567 / P = 0.002), liver stiffness (r = 0.478 / P = 0.016), PH imaging score (r = 0.441 / P = 0.009), and HVPG. ROC analysis provided significant area under the ROC (AUROCs) for PH (liver upslope 0.765, liver stiffness 0.809, spleen volume/diameter 0.746–0.731, PH imaging score 0.756) and for clinically significant PH (liver and spleen perfusion parameters 0.733–0.776, liver stiffness 0.742, PH imaging score 0.742). The ratio of liver stiffness to liver upslope had the highest AUROC for diagnosing PH (0.903) and clinically significant PH (0.785).Data ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that the combination of liver stiffness and perfusion metrics provide excellent accuracy for diagnosing PH, and fair accuracy for clinically significant PH. Combined MRE and DCE‐MRI outperformed qualitative imaging scores for prediction of PH.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1091–1103.
A typology of stigma within organizations: Access and treatment effects
Authors: Summers James K. , Howe Michael , McElroy James C. , Ronald Buckley M. , Pahng Phoebe , Cortes‐Mejia Sebastian 
Published: April 2018

SummaryStigmatization is a process by which certain individuals are devalued and alienated from specific types of social interactions, because they are perceived to possess a negatively valenced characteristic (e.g., age, gender, and medical condition). Due to its diverse and context‐driven nature, stigmatization potentially affects a large percentage of the population. Consequently, many individuals are likely victimized by stigmatization processes in a particular situation and subsequently may be deprived of the organizational opportunities available to nonstigmatized individuals. The purpose of this paper is to review and organize the literature by drawing on a suggested typology of stigmas found in organizations. We ground this novel typology in both the stigmatization and management literatures, incorporating the dimensions of controllability and visibility of stigmatizing attributes as well as whether or not the attribute is protected under federal law. Because all stigmatizing characteristics are not equally deleterious, we present 8 separate groups of stigmas and the differential effects that each have on stigmatized individuals' opportunities within organizations (i.e., access and treatment discrimination). Further, we outline mechanisms (i.e., imputed characteristics) that underlie the differential treatment afforded those who are stigmatized. We then provide a research roadmap to better understand the role stigmas play in organizations moving forward.
Assessing recovery and change in West Africa's rainfall regime from a 161‐year record
Authors: Nicholson Sharon E. , Fink Andreas H. , Funk Chris 
Published: April 2018

The Sahel region is known for the multi‐decadal occurrence of severe drought that commenced in the late 1960s. A still open question is whether or not the region's rainfall has returned to “normal.” This paper provides a compelling answer to that question by examining the longest and most comprehensive gauge series for the region ever published. It extends from 1854 to 2014 and is based on 602 gauge records. A comparative series for the Guinea Coast region to the south is also presented, as the two regions collectively provide insight into the long‐term variability of the West African monsoon. In contrast to many previous studies, here the question of recovery and regime change is not restricted to the core of the Sahelian rainy season (July–September), but is separately discussed also for the coastal phase (April–May), transition phase (June), Sahelian phase (July–September) and the second transition phase (October–November) of the West African monsoon.These analyses suggest that full recovery from the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s has not occurred that a major change in the rainfall regime occurred around 1968 and that since that time large‐scale teleconnections have also changed markedly. The shift post‐1968 is evident in all phases of the monsoon except the coastal phase, in which a change to drier conditions occurred a decade later. Overall, recovery has been greater in the east than in the west, creating a change in the climatological east–west rainfall gradient. The drier post‐1968 conditions appear to be associated with a general weakening of the intensity of the West African monsoon and only a small southwards displacement of the rainfall maximum. These changes have strong implications for the future of this region and for seasonal prediction.
Impact of heat stress during seed filling on seed quality and seed yield in lentil (Lens culinarisMedikus) genotypes
Authors: Sita Kumari , Sehgal Akanksha , Bhandari Kalpna , Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Shiv , Singh Sarvjeet , Siddique Kadambot HM , Nayyar Harsh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDLentil, a cool‐season food legume, is highly sensitive to high temperatures, which drastically reduce biomass and seed yield. The effects of heat stress on qualitative and quantitative aspects of seeds are not yet known.RESULTSIn this study, we assessed the effects of high temperatures on quantitative and qualitative aspects of seeds in a heat‐tolerant (HT; FLIP2009) and heat‐sensitive (HS; IG4242) genotypes in a controlled environment. Initially, the plants were raised in a natural, outdoor environment (22/10 °C mean day/night temperature, 1350 µmol m−2s−1light intensity, 60–65% relative humidity) from November to mid‐February until 50% flowering (114–115 days after sowing). After that, one set of plants was maintained in a controlled environment (28/23 °C, as mean day and night temperature, 500 µmol m−2s−1light intensity, 60–65% relative humidity;control) and one set was exposed to heat stress (33/28 °C, as mean day and night temperature, 500 µmol m−2s−1light intensity, 60–65% relative humidity), where they remained until maturity. Compared to control, heat stress reduced the seed growth rate by 30–44% and the seed‐filling duration by 5.5–8.1 days, which ultimately reduced the seed yield by 38–58% and individual seed weights by 20–39%. Heat stress significantly damaged cell membranes and reduced chlorophyll concentration and fluorescence, and the photosynthetic rate, which was associated with a significant reduction in relative leaf water content. The proximate analysis of seed reserves showed that heat stress reduced starch (25–43%), protein (26–41%) and fat (39–57%) content, and increased total sugars (36–68%), relative to the controls. Heat stress also inhibited the accumulation of storage proteins including albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins (22–42%). Most of the amino acids decreased significantly under heat stress in comparison to control, whereas some, such as proline, followed by glycine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine, increased. Heat stress reduced Ca (13–28%), Fe (17–52%), P (10–54%), K (12.4–28.3%) and Zn (36–59%) content in seeds, compared to the controls.CONCLUSIONSHigh temperatures during seed filling are detrimental for seed yield and quality components in lentil genotypes, with severe impacts on heat‐sensitive genotypes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
In vivo evaluation of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation to rice straw‐based diet on mitigation of CH4 and CO2 emissions and blood profiles using crossbreed rams
Authors: Kim Ji Yung , Ghassemi Nejad Jalil , Park Ji Young , Lee Bae Hun , Hanada Masaaki , Kim Byong Wan , Sung Kyung Il 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo experiments were implemented using three cannulated crossbreed rams (Corriedale × Suffolk) fed rice straw‐based diet. In vivo evaluation of garlic powder (GP) supplementation to rice straw‐based diet on CH4 and CO2 emissions and blood profiles of the rams (body weight = 52 ± 3 kg) was performed. The design was a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin square. Groups were the control (no GP) and two GP groups, which were given supplementation for 0.1 (GP0.1) and 0.5% (GP0.5) of concentrate. The differences between two experiments were data missing of GP0.1 and uncontrolled environment in Experiment 1. Blood profiles were added in Experiment 2.RESULTSIn Experiment 1, supplementation of GP to the rams reduced CH4 production significantly (P < 0.05) by 38%. Dry matter intake was not different among the groups in both experiments. In Experiment 2, CH4 was lower in the GP0.5 group than the control group by 7%, whereas CO2 showed no difference among the groups. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was significantly (P > 0.05) lower in the GP0.5 group than the control group, whereas glutamic pyruvic transaminase, total protein, urea N, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and non‐esterified fatty acids were not significantly (P > 0.05) different.CONCLUSIONSGP supplementation, particularly GP0.5, decreases CH4 emissions in rams fed rice straw‐based diets. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradation kinetics of aflatoxin B1 and B2 in solid medium by using pulsed light irradiation
Authors: Wang Bei , Mahoney Noreen E , Khir Ragab , Wu Bengang , Zhou Cunshan , Pan Zhongli , Ma Haile 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPulsed light (PL) is a new potential technology to degrade aflatoxin. The objective of this study was to investigate the degradation characters of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and B2 (AFB2) treated under PL irradiation. A kinetic degradation study of AFB1 and AFB2 in solid medium was performed under PL irradiation at different initial concentrations of AFB1 (229.9, 30.7 and 17.8 μg kg−1) and AFB2 (248.2, 32.2 and 19.5 μg kg−1) and irradiation intensities (2.86, 1.60 and 0.93 W cm−2) of PL. A second‐order reaction model was applied to describe degradation of AFB1 and AFB2.RESULTSThe results showed that the degradation of AFB1 and AFB2 followed the second‐order reaction kinetic model well (R2 > 0.97). The degradation rate was proportional to the intensities of PL irradiation and the initial concentrations of aflatoxins.CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that the degradation of AFB1 and AFB2 with the use of PL could be accurately described using the second‐order reaction kinetic model. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Policy analysis on the fly with an online multicriteria cardinal ranking tool
Authors: Larsson Aron , Fasth Tobias , Wärnhjelm Mathias , Ekenberg Love , Danielson Mats 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper reports upon the deliverables and learnings from a project within decision analysis for participatory planning and policy analysis on the municipal level. The project aimed to develop and utilize an online multicriteria decision analysis tool for evaluations of policy alternatives with respect to municipal commercial development policies, acknowledging the objectives and preferences from various local and national stakeholders. The tool itself relied solely on that the users supplied cardinal ranking statements in the appraisal of alternatives and in the ranking of criteria and the surrounding method has been used in three cases. In each case, several significant insights obtained in the decision‐modelling workshops were emphasized by the participants. The better understanding of the general decision situation, preference structures, and possible strategies was highly appreciated. The perception was also that this enabled a better understanding of conflicting issues, even when these were not entirely resolved.
Emulation of free space optical link in weak atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Anandkumar D. , Sangeetha R. G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the performance of FSO communication link under weak atmospheric turbulence has been analyzed in terms of received power, Bit Error Rate for various data rates. The results have been simulated using R‐soft OptSim 2015a environment and validated using hardware test bed setup.
Low‐profile full‐metal‐rimmed antenna with less nonground portion for smartphones
Authors: Rao Shahid Aziz , Myung‐Hun Jeong , Park Seong‐Ook 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, a low‐profile full‐metal‐rimmed antenna with less nonground portion for smartphones is presented. The proposed antenna with full‐metal rim is designed on FR4 substrate within the volume of 115 × 60 × 5 mm3. Metal rim is made up of FR4 substrate with interconnected conducting vias which surrounds inner system circuit board. The gap between metal rim and system ground plane is 1.5 mm and they are connected by a single ground patch. Moreover, folded monopole branches are implemented on circuit board to obtain wide bandwidth and improve impedance matching at higher bands. Therefore, proposed antenna contains a system circuit board with monopole branches and a full metal rim which serves GSM (850), DCS (1800), PCS (1900), UMTS (2100), LTE (2300/2500), WiBro (2350), ISM (2400), SDM‐B (2650), and W‐LAN system operating bands. The proposed antenna also has an attractive feature of utilizing very less portion of ground clearance about 4 × 38 mm2 for placing monopole antenna and still covering a wide range of operating bands. This biggest merit makes it a potential candidate for metal rimmed smartphone applications with lesser nonground portion. A sample proposed structure has been realized on FR4 substrate to prove the design concept.
Design and verification of Sub‐6 GHz RoF transceiver employing LR4 TOSA and ROSA packaging structure
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Fengman , She Qian , Xue Haiyun , Sun Yu , He Huimin , Zhou Yunyan , Cao Liqiang , Chen Shichao , Ye Yao , Deng Lei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, we discuss radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) technologies that use TOSA and ROSA packaging to support the implementation of 700 MHz up to 6 GHz wireless systems integrated with optical fiber networks. The CWDM technology is employed for RoF transceiver which is used to provide high bandwidth and supply flexible multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna in broadband optical‐wireless access networks. In the transmitter end, distributed feed‐back laser diode is driven by RF amplifier and optical signal is coupled into PLC MUX via 4 lens. In the receiver end, the optical signal is DE‐MUX and coupled into 4 PDs. TIA amplifiers has a high linear gain is employed. The signal integrity is also calculated and analyzed in this paper. The NF, IIP3, and transmission performance is measured and about 2% the EVM is achieved under works for OFDM 64 QAM signal.
Effect of conductivity on subdermal antennas
Authors: Chrysler Andrew , Hall Kaitlin , Curry Franky , Furse Cynthia , Zhang Huanan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article is an initial exploration of the material effects of subdermal antennas in the fat layer under the skin for the MedRadio band (401–457 MHz) through the Industrial Scientific Medical 902–928 MHz. Subdermal strip dipoles were made of materials with conductivities ranging from 5.0 × 103 to 5.8 × 107 S/m, including a biocompatible gold nanoparticle polymer.
Implanted dual‐band circular antenna for biomedical applications
Authors: Mohamed Abdelrahman E. , Sharawi Mohammad S. , Muqaibel Ali 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA compact dual‐band circular patch antenna is designed for implanted biomedical data telemetry systems. Several miniaturization techniques were applied to cover dual bands. The antenna has a radius of 7.5 mm, a thickness of 1.92 mm and a total volume of 340 mm3. The antenna covers MedRadio (401–405 MHz), MICS (402–405 MHz), and ISM bands (433.2–434.8 MHz, 2.4–2.5 GHz). The −10 dB bandwidths are 346–460 MHz (114 MHz) and 2.37–2.63 GHz (260 MHz). The designed antenna was fabricated and its performance was tested inside flesh samples.
A 50‐Ω microstrip line fed shorted equilateral triangular microstrip antenna
Authors: Singh Bharati , Sarwade Nisha , Ray K. P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor the fundamental TM10 mode of an equilateral triangular microstrip antenna (ETMSA), along its height, the impedance value is maximum at the vertex, zero at the isocenter and finite value at the base. Along the base, the impedance remains constant in between 150 to 200 Ω, depending upon the design. Thus, 50‐Ω microstrip (MS) line cannot be used to directly feed an ETMSA at its base. Instead, either inset or impedance transformer is used to facilitate the 50‐Ω MS line feed. In this article, a simple MS line feed at the base is proposed using a single shorting post for impedance matching. By inserting a shorting post (via) closer to the edge of the base of an ETMSA, a wide range of impedances can be achieved at any of the edge by selecting proper shorting positions. A detailed investigation of an ETMSA with variation in shorting post position is carried out for the direct MS line feed. Experiments have been carried out to validate the concept.
Flexible paper substrate based wide band NRI metamaterial for X‐band application
Authors: Alam T. , Ashraf F. B. , Islam M. T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA wide band flexible substrate based metamaterial is presented. The metamaterial is fabricated on photo paper using conductive nanoparticle ink targeting flexibility applications. The metamaterial structure shows a wide double negative region of 1.848 GHz (8.298–10.146 GHz). The transmission coefficient of the proposed metamaterial has been measured and verified with simulated one. The perceptible novelties of the proposed work are its simplicity, cost effectiveness, and flexibility with covering wide X‐band microwave spectra.
A miniaturized meandered printed monopole antenna for triband applications
Authors: Zaman Wajid , Ahmad Hamza , Mehmood Haris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work presents the design of a miniaturized, low profile tri‐band printed monopole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications. The proposed design comprises of a meandered shape component, an inverted G shape component and a defected ground plane to achieve resonance in any 3 bands. A prototype has been designed and fabricated based on the proposed structure. The antenna has a compact size of 0.18 λ × 0.15 λ, that is, 23 × 20 mm2. The measured results show that the antenna is operating in 3 bands, that is, 2.39–2.52 GHz, 3.3–4.47 GHz, and 5.15–6.0 GHz which covers both the WLAN 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands and WiMAX 3.5/5.5 GHz bands. These results are in good agreement with the simulations outcomes and exhibit that the antenna is capable of obtaining 3 distinct bands with its compact size.
30–512 MHz power amplifier design using GaN transistor
Authors: Pisa Stefano , Chicarella Simone , Cusani Roberto , Citrolo Jerome 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article a class AB single‐ended power amplifier with 30‐512 MHz frequency band and 100 W saturated output power has been designed and implemented using a GaN transistor. The measured compressed gain is 19 ± 1 dB, the average PAE is 61% and the return loss is always better than −7.5 dB.
Pulse Trawling: The Impact of Pulsed Direct Current on Early Life Stages of Sole Solea solea
Authors: Desender Marieke , Dumolein Lisa , Duchateau Luc , Adriaens Dominique , Delbare Daan , Polet Hans , Chiers Koen , Decostere Annemie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Despite electric pulse fishing being regarded as a promising environmentally friendly fishing method, very little is known about possible negative effects on early life stages of bottom-dwelling species such as Sole Solea solea. Electrotrawling for brown shrimp Crangon crangon is increasingly used in shallow coastal zones and estuaries of the southern North Sea. As these fishing grounds are often important nurseries and spawning areas for various marine species, electrotrawling could therefore harm inhabiting fishes during their early life stages. Hence, this research aims to investigate the effect of electric pulses used to catch brown shrimp on the survival and development of Sole embryos and larvae. Exposure of Sole embryos at 2 d postfertilization and larvae at 11 d posthatching to pulsed DC used to catch brown shrimp did not result in a lower survival 8 d after exposure. Additionally, no differences in yolk sac resorption and morphometric length measurements of the notochord, muscle, eye, and head were observed in the developing larvae.
De novo overactive bladder after robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Yoshino Yashushi , Ishida Shohei , Fujita Takashi , Majima Tsuyoshi , Funahashi Yasuhito , Sassa Naoto , Kato Masashi , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: April 2018

AimsTo investigate storage symptoms following robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP), focused on de novo overactive bladder (OAB), and to evaluate the factors related to de novo OAB occurrence.MethodsWe prospectively examined 245 patients without OAB who underwent RARP for localized prostate cancer. Subjective and objective symptoms in the lower urinary tract were evaluated before and after surgery. At 3 months after RARP, the patients were divided into two groups: patients with de novo OAB (de novo OAB group) and those without OAB (OAB‐free group). We compared the operative and urodynamic parameters between both groups and evaluated the factors related to OAB.ResultsDe novo OAB was observed in 37.8% (87/230) of patients. Post‐operative continence rate was significantly higher in the OAB‐free group (79.7%) than in the de novo OAB group (8.0%). Although the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) in the de novo OAB group significantly deteriorated from 9.7 to 14.1 and from 2.4 to 8.3, respectively, no corresponding significant changes occurred in the OAB‐free group. Additionally, there was a significant difference in pre‐operative IPSS‐QOL score, continence rate, pre‐and post‐operative maximum urethral closing pressure (MUCP), and post‐operative functional profile length (FPL) between both groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed pre‐operative IPSS‐QOL score and post‐operative MUCP were significant predictive factors for de novo OAB.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of de novo OAB after RARP was about 40%, and seemed unexpectedly high. Decreased urethral function was significantly related to de novo OAB after surgery.