bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biofilm eradication activity of acetic acid in the management of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Tsang S. T. J. , Gwynne P. J. , Gallagher M. P. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives Periprosthetic joint infection following joint arthroplasty surgery is one of the most feared complications. The key to successful revision surgery for periprosthetic joint infections, regardless of treatment strategy, is a thorough deep debridement. In an attempt to limit antimicrobial and disinfectant use, there has been increasing interest in the use of acetic acid as an adjunct to debridement in the management of periprosthetic joint infections. However, its effectiveness in the eradication of established biofilms following clinically relevant treatment times has not been established. Using an in vitro biofilm model, this study aimed to establish the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of acetic acid following a clinically relevant treatment time. Materials and Methods Using a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) reference strain and the dissolvable bead assay, biofilms were challenged by 0% to 20% acetic acid (pH 4.7) for ten minutes, 20 minutes, 180 minutes, and 24 hours. Results The MBEC of acetic acid was found to be: 15%, 11%, 3.2%, and 0.8% following a ten-minute, 20-minute, 180-minute, and 24-hour treatment, respectively. Conclusion This study found that the MBEC of acetic acid following a 10- or 20-minute treatment time exceeded its safety threshold, making these concentrations unsuitable as a topical debridement adjunct. However, a clinically acceptable concentration (5%) was still found to eliminate 96.1% of biofilm-associated MSSA following a 20-minute treatment time. Cite this article: S. T. J. Tsang, P. J. Gwynne, M. P. Gallagher, A. H. R. W. Simpson. The biofilm eradication activity of acetic acid in the management of periprosthetic joint infection. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:517–523. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.78.BJR-2018-0045.R1
Ultrafast Cortical Gain Adaptation in the Human Brain by Trial-To-Trial Changes of Associative Strength in Fear Learning
Authors: Yuan Melissa , Giménez-Fernández Tamara , Méndez-Bértolo Constantino , Moratti Stephan 
Published: August 2018

In fear conditioning, more efficient sensory processing of a stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, CS) that has acquired motivational relevance by being paired with an aversive event (the unconditioned stimulus, US) has been associated with increased cortical gain in early sensory brain areas (Miskovic and Keil, 2012). Further, this sensory gain modulation related to short-term plasticity changes occurs independently of aware cognitive anticipation of the aversive US, pointing toward implicit learning mechanisms (Moratti and Keil, 2009). However, it is unknown how quickly the implicit learning of CS–US associations results in the adaptation of cortical gain. Here, using steady-state visually evoked fields derived from human Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings in two experiments (N= 33, 17 females and 16 males), we show that stimulus-driven neuromagnetic oscillatory activity increases and decreases quickly as a function of associative strength within three or four trials, as predicted by a computationally implemented Rescorla–Wagner model with the highest learning rate. These ultrafast cortical gain adaptations are restricted to early visual cortex using a delay fear conditioning procedure. Short interval (500 ms) trace conditioning resulted in the same ultrafast activity modulations by associative strength, but in a complex occipito-parieto-temporo-frontal network. Granger causal analysis revealed that reverberating top-down and bottom-up influences between anterior and posterior brain regions during trace conditioning characterized this network. Critically, in both delay and trace conditioning, ultrafast cortical gain modulations as a function of associative strength occurred independently of conscious US anticipation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn ever-changing environments, learned associations between a cue and an aversive consequence must change under new stimulus–consequence contingencies to be adaptive. What predicts potential dangers now might be meaningless in the next situation. Predictive cues are prioritized, as reflected by increased sensory cortex activity for these cues. However, this modulation also must adapt to altered stimulus–consequence contingencies. Here, we show that human visual cortex activity can be modulated quickly according to ultrafast contingency changes within a few learning trials. This finding extends to frontal brain regions when the cue and the aversive event are separated in time. Critically, this ultrafast updating process occurs orthogonally to aware aversive outcome anticipation and therefore relies on unconscious implicit learning mechanisms.
S-Nitrosylation of Divalent Metal Transporter 1 Enhances Iron Uptake to Mediate Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons and Motoric Deficit
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhang Cheng-Wu , Lo Shun Qiang , Ang Seok Ting , Chew Katherine Chee Meng , Yu Dejie , Chai Bing Han , Tan Bobby , Tsang Fai , Tai Yee Kit , Tan Bryce Wei Quan , Liang Mui Cheng , Tan Hwee Tong , Tang Jia Ying , Lai Mitchell Kim Peng , Chua John Jia En , Chung Maxey Ching Ming , Khanna Sanjay , Lim Kah-Leong , Soong Tuck Wah 
Published: August 2018

Elevated iron deposition has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the route of iron uptake leading to high deposition in the substantia nigra is unresolved. Here, we show a mechanism in enhanced Fe2+uptake via S-nitrosylation of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). While DMT1 could be S-nitrosylated by exogenous nitric oxide donors, in human PD brains, endogenously S-nitrosylated DMT1 was detected in postmortem substantia nigra. Patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings and iron uptake assays confirmed increased Mn2+or Fe2+uptake through S-nitrosylated DMT1. We identified two major S-nitrosylation sites, C23 and C540, by mass spectrometry, and DMT1 C23A or C540A substitutions abolished nitric oxide (NO)-mediated DMT1 current increase. To evaluatein vivosignificance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was stereotaxically injected into the substantia nigra of female and male mice to induce inflammation and production of NO. The intranigral LPS injection resulted in corresponding increase in Fe2+deposition, JNK activation, dopaminergic neuronal loss and deficit in motoric activity, and these were rescued by the NO synthase inhibitorl-NAME or by the DMT1-selective blocker ebselen. Lentiviral knockdown of DMT1 abolished LPS-induced dopaminergic neuron loss.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuroinflammation and high cytoplasmic Fe2+levels have been implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report the unexpected enhancement of the functional activity of transmembrane divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) by S-nitrosylation. We demonstrated that S-nitrosylation increased DMT1-mediated Fe2+uptake, and two cysteines were identified by mass spectrometry to be the sites for S-nitrosylation and for enhanced iron uptake. One conceptual advance is that while DMT1 activity could be increased by external acidification because the gating of the DMT1 transporter is proton motive, we discovered that DMT1 activity could also be enhanced by S-nitrosylation. Significantly, lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated neuronal death in the substantia nigra could be ameliorated by usingl-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor, or by ebselen, a DMT1-selective blocker.
Microstructure of QD-like clusters in GaAs/In(As,Bi) heterosystems
Authors: Likhachev Igor A. , Trunkin Igor N. , Tsekhosh Vladimir I. , Prutskov Grigory V. , Subbotin Ilia A. , Klekovkin Alexey V. , Pashaev Elkhan M. , Vasiliev Alexander L. , Kazakov Igor P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A imagem da ciência e dos cientistas: retratos de um estudo na Universidade do Minho
Authors: Magalhães Ricardina , Ruão Teresa 
Published: August 2018

A divulgação e disseminação da ciência dá-se em diferentes contextos e através de diversas atividades. Contudo, é na universidade onde a promoção da ciência tem mais potencial de impacto, nomeadamente pela exposição das pessoas aos eventos científicos realizados, às obras de cariz científico publicadas e ao contacto direto com investigadores. As atividades de divulgação criam representações mentais sobre a ciência junto dos públicos, que, no seu conjunto, dão origem a uma imagem mais ou menos estável. E dessa imagem resulta um certo nível de reconhecimento e um consequente apoio às atividades dos investigadores, e à ciência por inerência, pelas comunidades e decisores políticos.
Interessa, por isso, conhecer as perceções sobre a ciência, nomeadamente perceber a imagem que os estudantes do Ensino Superior têm da atividade científica – isto é, indivíduos jovens a viver num contexto privilegiado de contacto com a ciência. A esse propósito quisemos saber se os alunos de uma universidade têm consciência do permanente contacto com a ciência; o que constitui a ciência para esses estudantes; de que forma se pode levar os estudantes ao contacto positivo com ciência; de que modo podem os investigadores influenciar a imagem projetada da ciência; e como podem as instituições científicas influenciar a imagem percebida da Ciência juntos dos estudantes.
Para obter estas respostas, conduzimos um estudo-piloto através da aplicação de um questionário a alunos dos três ciclos de estudos da Universidade do Minho, em vários cursos de áreas científicas distintas. Em suma, procurámos perceber qual era a sua perceção/imagem da ciência e da investigação científica naquele contexto, na busca de orientações para um trabalho de qualidade na comunicação da ciência em Portugal.
Movimentos Sociais e Redes Sociais Virtuais em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Lamy Cláudia , Neto Pedro Pereira 
Published: August 2018

As mais recentes tecnologias de produção, transmissão e acesso a informação tornaram possível, na presença das condições adequadas, alterar a visibilidade de algumas preocupações nacionais e internacionais, bem como dos movimentos sociais que muitas ajudaram a espoletar. Países mais ou menos democráticos, mais ou menos autoritários, têm sido colocados perante uma multiplicidade de protestos que, articulados online, ultrapassam as barreiras do mundo virtual e (re)assumem presença nas ruas.
Neste artigo, a partir de vários exemplos com diferentes bases de reivindicação, abordar-se-á o papel desempenhado pelas redes sociais virtuais nestas formas de participação política da sociedade civil à luz do seu contexto respectivo, ou seja, considerando igualmente o papel dos Meios Tradicionais de Comunicação e o dos fossos no acesso e utilização de meios digitais.
Management of Iatrogenic Pneumothorax, following Transthoracic Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Authors: KARA H.volkan , ERŞEN Ezel , KILIÇ Burcu , SARBAY İsmail , BAKAN Selim , TURNA Akif 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:Pneumothorax
is the most common complication following Trans Thoracic Needle Biopsy (TTNB).
The treatment plan choice is either conservative treatment with high flow (8-10
lt) nasal oxygen and surgical treatment with chest tube is
still varying. The aim of this study to evaluate the treatment plans for
pneumothorax after TTNB and efficacy different treatment approachesPatients and Methods:This
is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients with pneumothorax following
TTNB between January 2016 and
December 2017 are evaluated. According to the size of the pneumothorax, we have
created 3 treatment protocols consisting of follow up with high flow (8-10 lt) nasal
oxygen and –or chest tube insertion . The results were analyzedResults:There
were 187 patients who had CT guided TTNB for diagnosis of a lung mass. Of those
24 patients (12,8%) had pneumothorax following the procedure. Overall 9
patients needed chest tube (37,5 %) The mean hospitalization for the whole
group was 3,2 days There was no mortality or morbidity in the study group.Conclusion:

Pneumothorax
following TTNB may be seen.Our algorithm of 3 protocols depending on the size
of pneumothorax is simple to use and results successful.There is a need for a
multidisciplinary teamwork, close follow up and preparation for urgent chest
tube insertion.
PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AMONG GROUP OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN LABOR WORD AT MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Faris Gona , Nasir Sallama 
Published: August 2018

Background
Bacterial vaginosis is a major cause of vaginitis during pregnancy and it results in complications like preterm labor and low birth weight. This may be as a result from excessive growth of anaerobic bacteria in the vagina where it either replaces or reduces normal vaginal flora.
Objectives
To detect prevalence, risk factors and clinical presentation of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital
Patients and Methods
A cross sectional, quantitative-non experimental descriptive design. Sampling technique used was non-probability convenient sampling. The data collection was carried out from 16th December 2016 to 16th April 2017. One hundred women were selected from labor ward and a high vaginal swab was used to obtain discharge from the vagina, then transfer it immediately to Pharma Gen laboratory. Bacterial vaginosis were confirmed by Nugent criteria.
Results
Prevalence of Bacterial vaginosis was 25%, it was more in the age group of more than 35 years. Most of them were secondary school graduates, housewives, barely sufficient in their economic status, living in urban and were female with 2-4 gravidity. No relation was found between abortion, and early neonatal death with bacterial vaginosis. Excessive vaginal discharge, pruritus, dysuria, white discharge, and fishy odor are common symptoms. Steroids, antibiotics and diabetes mellitus found to be risk factors.
Conclusion
One quarter of studied women were affected by bacterial vaginosis, common among multigravida and older age. Clinical feature of purities, excessive vaginal discharge, and fishy odor are highly characteristics of this infection. Diabetic women, prolong use of antibiotic or steroid found to be risk factors.
Fatores geradores de estresse em policiais militares: revisão sistemática
Authors: Marinho Mayelle Tayana , Souza Marina Batista Chaves Azevedo de , Santos Mairana Maria Angelica , Cruz Maísa Alves de Albuquerque da , Barroso Barbara Iansã de Lima 
Published: August 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os fatores geradores de estresse mais recorrentes em policiais militares descritos nas produções científicas. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática pelo método PRISMA, realizada através das bases de dados: Pubmed, Scielo e BVS, utilizando os descritores “Military Police” AND “Polícia militar” OR “Occupational hazard” AND “Risco ocupacional” OR “Occupational stress” AND “Estresse ocupacional”, realizado em abril de 2015. Identificaram-se 4.490 trabalhos, dos quais 4.424 foram excluídos depois da leitura do título, por não serem elegíveis. Dos 66 estudos, 17 foram descartados por serem duplicados, restando 49 artigos. Na leitura dos resumos, foram excluídos 16, que não estavam disponíveis online de forma completa. Assim, restaram 17 estudos, com exclusão de 07 por critérios de elegibilidade. As mulheres são as mais afetadas pelo estresse no trabalho na Policia Militar. Nas questões referentes à idade ou ao tempo de serviço, os mais novos ou com menos tempo de profissão são os que menos sofrem com os problemas relacionados ao estresse no trabalho. A elevada carga de violência à qual são expostos é outro possível indutor dos altos índices nos estudos levantados.
A KELM-Based Ensemble Learning Approach for Exchange Rate Forecasting
Authors: Wei Yunjie , Sun Shaolong , Lai Kin Keung , Abbas Ghulam 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper, a KELM-based ensemble learning approach, integrating Granger causality test, grey relational analysis and KELM (Kernel Extreme Learning Machine), is proposed for the exchange rate forecasting. The study uses a set of sixteen macroeconomic variables including, import, export, foreign exchange reserves, etc. Furthermore, the selected variables are ranked and then three of them, which have the highest degrees of relevance with the exchange rate, are filtered out by Granger causality test and the grey relational analysis, to represent the domestic situation. Then, based on the domestic situation, KELM is utilized for medium-term RMB/USD forecasting. The empirical results show that the proposed KELM-based ensemble learning approach outperforms all other benchmark models in different forecasting horizons, which implies that the KELM-based ensemble learning approach is a powerful learning approach for exchange rates forecasting.
A novel chemical sensor with multiple all-solid-state electrodes and its application in freshwater environmental monitoring
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Mur Luis Alejandro , Edwards Arwyn , Davies John , Han Jiwan , Qin Huawei , Ye Ying 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Freshwater quality detection is important for pollution control. Three important components of water quality are pH, ammonia and dissolved H2S and there is an urgent need for a high-precision sensor for simultaneous and continuous measurement. In this study, all-solid-state electrodes of Eh, pH, NH4+ and S2− were manufactured and mounted to a wireless chemical sensor with multiple parameters. Calibration indicated that the pH electrode had a Nernst response with slope of 53.174 mV; the NH4+ electrode had a detection limit of 10−5 mol/L (Nernst response slope of 53.56 mV between 10−1 to 10−4 mol/L). Ag/Ag2S has a detection limit of 10−7 mol/L (Nernst response slope of 28.439 mV). The sensor was cylindrical and small with low power consumption and low storage demand to achieve continuous in-situ monitoring for long periods. The sensor was tested for 10 days in streams at Trawsgoed Dairy farm in Aberystwyth, UK. At the intensively farmed Trawsgoed, the concentration of NH4+ in the stream rose sharply after the application of slurry to adjacent fields. Further, the stream was overhung with extensive vegetation and exhibited changes in pH, which correlated with photosynthetic activity. Measurements of S2− were stable throughout the week. Our data demonstrate the applicability of our multiple electrode sensor.
A bioflocculant-supported dissolved air flotation system for the removal of suspended solids, lipids and protein matter from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater
Authors: Dlangamandla C. , Ntwampe S. K. O. , Basitere M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this study, two previously identified isolates, i.e. Comamonas aquatica (BF-3) and Bacillus sp. BF-2, were determined to be suitable candidates to utilise in a bioflocculant-supported dissolved air flotation (Bio-DAF) system as a pretreatment system for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW). A 2% (v/v) (bioflocculant:PSW) strategy was used for the DAF to reduce total suspended solids (TSS), lipids and proteins in the PSW, by supplementing the bioflocculants produced and the co-culture (C. aquatica BF-3 and Bacillus sp. BF-2) directly into the DAF. The Bio-DAF was able to reduce 91% TSS, 79% proteins and 93% lipids when the DAF system was operating at steady state, in comparison with a chemical DAF operated using 2% (v/v) alum that was able to only reduce 84% TSS, 71% proteins and 92% lipids. It was concluded that the Bio-DAF system worked efficiently for the removal of suspended solids, lipids and proteins, achieving better results than when alum was used.
Peningkatan kapasitas kader dalam penerapan pemantauan pertumbuhan balita di Posyandu Padukuhan Sembung
Authors: Rubai Windri Lesmana 
Published: August 2018

Permasalahan yang diteliti yaitu adakah perbedaan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader terkait pelaksanaan posyandu balita sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dalam menerapkan pemantauan pertumbuhan balita di posyandu sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan di wilayah Padukuhan Sembung, Desa Purwobinangun, Kecamatan Pakem, Sleman. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode berupa eksperimen-semu dengan rancangan one group pre dan post test design dengan subjek berjumlah 11 kader dan semi-wawancara terstruktur pada 5 perwakilan kader. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu pengetahuan dan keterampilan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi serta pendapat kader tentang sikap dan lesson learn yang diperoleh selama mengikuti pelatihan. Skor pengetahuan diukur dua kali yaitu pre-test dan post-test. Dengan uji Wilcoxon didapatkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada pengetahuan kader tentang pemberian makanan sehat bayi dan balita dengan nilai p=0,01 (p<0,05); perbedaan bermakna pada pengetahuan komunikasi dasar dan teknik penyuluhan dengan nilai p=0,01 (p<0,05); namun tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada pengetahuan kader terkait prosedur umum posyandu. Untuk peniliaian praktik antropometri menggunakan lembar cheklistdidapatkan hasil bahwa kader menjadi lebih paham tentang prosedur penimbangan berat badan, pengukuran panjang badan dan tinggi badan, pengukuran LiLA dan lingkar kepala pada bayi dan balita. Lima perwakilan kader yang diwawancarai mengungkapkan bahwa mereka senang dengan adanya pelatihan yang diberikan karena membuat mereka lebih memahami prosedur posyandu yang baik dan tepat, serta berharap kegiatan semacam ini dapat berkesinambungan. Intervensi pelatihan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dalam menerapkan pemantauan pertumbuhan balita.
The Legacy Effect in Type 2 Diabetes: Impact of Early Glycemic Control on Future Complications (The Diabetes & Aging Study)
Authors: Laiteerapong Neda , Ham Sandra A. , Gao Yue , Moffet Howard H. , Liu Jennifer Y. , Huang Elbert S. , Karter Andrew J. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE
To examine for a legacy effect of early glycemic control on diabetic complications and death.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cohort study of managed care patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 10 years of survival (1997–2013, average follow-up 13.0 years, N = 34,737) examined associations between HbA1c &lt;6.5% (&lt;48 mmol/mol), 6.5% to &lt;7.0% (48 to &lt;53 mmol/mol), 7.0% to &lt;8.0% (53 to &lt;64 mmol/mol), 8.0% to &lt;9.0% (64 to &lt;75 mmol/mol), or ≥9.0% (≥75 mmol/mol) for various periods of early exposure (0–1, 0–2, 0–3, 0–4, 0–5, 0–6, and 0–7 years) and incident future microvascular (end-stage renal disease, advanced eye disease, amputation) and macrovascular (stroke, heart disease/failure, vascular disease) events and death, adjusting for demographics, risk factors, comorbidities, and later HbA1c.

RESULTS
Compared with HbA1c &lt;6.5% (&lt;48 mmol/mol) for the 0-to-1-year early exposure period, HbA1c levels ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol) were associated with increased microvascular and macrovascular events (e.g., HbA1c 6.5% to &lt;7.0% [48 to &lt;53 mmol/mol] microvascular: hazard ratio 1.204 [95% CI 1.063–1.365]), and HbA1c levels ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) were associated with increased mortality (e.g., HbA1c 7.0% to &lt;8.0% [53 to &lt;64 mmol/mol]: 1.290 [1.104–1.507]). Longer periods of exposure to HbA1c levels ≥8.0% (≥64 mmol/mol) were associated with increasing microvascular event and mortality risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and 10 years of survival, HbA1c levels ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol) for the 1st year after diagnosis were associated with worse outcomes. Immediate, intensive treatment for newly diagnosed patients may be necessary to avoid irremediable long-term risk for diabetic complications and mortality.