bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of the augmented reality learning environment on electronics laboratory skills of engineering students
Authors: Singh Gurjinder , Mantri Archana , Sharma Ojaswa , Dutta Rubina , Kaur Rashpinder 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn engineering education, laboratory experience is powerful in building up the specialized aptitudes and skills of the engineering graduates by structuring and conducting practical experiments. In engineering laboratories, the student often deals with complex laboratory equipment to perform the experiment. Oscilloscope and function generator are frequently used electronic equipment in electronics engineering laboratories. Augmented reality (AR) technology has the capacity to provide a unique learning experience to the students which can ease down the difficulties faced by students while operating laboratory equipment. In this paper, an augmented reality learning environment (ARLE) is developed which could help the student in operating the laboratory equipment. The study aims to determine the impact of AR intervention on student laboratory skills, cognitive load, and learning motivation. The experiment was conducted amongst 60 first‐year undergraduate engineering students. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: Experimental group and Control group. The participants of the experimental group were given ARLE treatment while the participants from the control group were given traditional teaching treatment. The experimental results suggest that AR intervention has a significant positive impact on student laboratory skills. Also, ARLE is an effective tool in reducing the cognitive load of students while operating laboratory equipment. The student feedback indicates that the students of the experimental group operated the equipment without any fear of damaging the equipment as they were already familiarized with the equipment in ARLE. The results of this study recommend AR as an adequate technology for developing unique AR experiences for engineering education.
Nonconserved miR‐608 suppresses prostate cancer progression through RAC2/PAK4/LIMK1 and BCL2L1/caspase‐3 pathways by targeting the 3′‐UTRs of RAC2/BCL2L1 and the coding region of PAK4
Authors: Zhang Xu , Fang Jiajie , Chen Shiming , Wang Weiyu , Meng Shuai , Liu Ben 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the functions and mechanisms of miR‐608 in prostate cancer (PCa). CISH and qRT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that miR‐608 was low expressed in PCa tissues and cells, which was partly attributed to the methylation of CpG island adjacent to the transcription start site (TSS) of miR‐608 gene. Intracellular miR‐608 overexpression inhibited in vivo PCa tumor growth, and suppressed PCa cell proliferation, G2/M transition, and migration in vitro, which was independent of EMT‐associated mechanisms. Then RAC2, a GTPase previously deemed hematopoiesis‐specific but now discovered to exist and play important roles in PCa, was verified by western blot and dual‐luciferase reporter assays to mediate the effects of miR‐608 through RAC2/PAK4/LIMK1/cofilin pathway. MiR‐608 also promoted the apoptosis of PCa cells through BCL2L1/caspase‐3 pathway by targeting the 3′‐UTR of BCL2L1. Moreover, PAK4, the downstream effector of RAC2, was found to be targeted by miR‐608 at the mRNA coding sequence (CDS) instead of the canonical 3′‐UTR. Knocking down RAC2, PAK4, or BCL2L1 with siRNAs reproduced the antiproliferative, mitosis‐obstructive, antimigratory and proapoptotic effects of miR‐608 in PCa cells, which could be attenuated by downregulating miR‐608. In conclusion, miR‐608 suppresses PCa progression, and its activation provides a new therapeutic option for PCa.
Mono‐reduced Corannulene: To Couple and Not to Couple in One Crystal
Authors: Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Alkan Melisa , Li Jingbai , Liu Shuyang , Spisak Sarah N. , Filatov Alexander S. , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne‐electron reduction of corannulene, C20H10, with Li metal in diglyme resulted in crystallization of [{Li+(diglyme)2}4(C20H10.−)2(C20H10‐C20H10)2−] (1), as revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This hybrid product contains two corannulene monoanion‐radicals along with a dianionic dimer, crystallized with four Li+ ions wrapped by diglyme molecules. The dimeric (C20H10‐C20H10)2− anion provides the first crystallographically confirmed example of spontaneous radical dimerization for C20H10.−. The C−C bond length between the two C20H10.− bowls of 1.588(5) Å is consistent with the single σ‐bond character of the linker. The trans‐disposition of two bowls in the centrosymmetric (C20H10‐C20H10)2− dimer is observed with the torsion angle around the central C−C bond of 180°. Comprehensive theoretical analysis of formation/decomposition processes of the dimeric dianion has been carried out in order to evaluate the nature of bonding and energetics of the C20H10.− coupling. It is found that such σ‐bonded dimers are thermodynamically unstable due to large preparation energy and repulsive Pauli component of the bonding, but kinetically persistent due to a high energy barrier provided by the existing spin‐crossing point.
Chiral Induction and Remote Chiral Communication in Quinoline Oligoamide Foldamers for Determination of Enantiomeric Excess and Absolute Configuration of Chiral Amines and Their Derivatives
Authors: Zheng Lu , Zhan Yulin , Ye Lin , Zheng Dan , Wang Ying , Zhang Kun , Jiang Hua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo pentameric foldamers, Q5 and Q5C‐S, containing a C−F bond were synthesized based on quinoline oligamide foldamers for the measurement of enantiomeric excess and for the determination of absolute configuration of chiral amines, diamines, amino alcohols, and α‐amino acid esters. Chiral induction of Q5 was triggered in situ when the chiral analytes reacted with the C−F bond in Q5 by a N‐nucleophilic substitution reaction, leading to a linear correlation between the CD amplitude at the region of quinoline chromophores and the ee values of the chiral analytes, which can be used for the ee determination of chiral analytes. Furthermore, the CD intensity of Q5C‐S containing a chiral motif at its C‐terminus enhances via remote, favorable chiral communication when the chiral induction was triggered in situ by chiral analytes at the N‐terminus matches the original helicity of Q5C‐S, but decreases via remote, conflicted chiral communication when the chiral induction is triggered in situ by chiral molecules at the N‐terminus mismatches the original one. The system can thus be used for determination of the absolute configuration of chiral analytes, given that the chirality of the chiral motif at the C‐terminus of Q5C‐S is known.
Lewis Acid Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Activation: Structures, Mechanisms, and Reactivities
Authors: Li Yinwu , Liu Jiahao , Huang Xiao , Qu Ling‐Bo , Zhao Cunyuan , Langer Robert , Ke Zhuofeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs a new type of bifunctional catalyst, the Lewis acid transition‐metal (LA‐TM) catalysts have been widely applied for hydrogen activation. This study presents a mechanistic framework to understand the LA‐TM‐catalyzed H2 activation through DFT studies. The mer(trans)‐homolytic cleavage, the fac(cis)‐homolytic cleavage, the synergetic heterolytic cleavage, and the dissociative heterolytic cleavage should be taken as general mechanisms for the field of LA‐TM catalysis. Four typical LA‐TM catalysts, the Z‐type κ4‐L3B‐Rh complex tri(azaindolyl)borane‐Rh, the X‐type κ3‐L2B‐Co complex bis‐phosphino‐boryl (PBP)‐Co, the η2‐BC‐type κ3‐L2B‐Pd complex diphosphine‐borane (DPB)‐Pd, and the Z‐type κ2‐LB‐Pt complex (boryl)iminomethane (BIM)‐Pt are selected as representative models to systematically illustrate their mechanistic features and explore the influencing factors on mechanistic variations. Our results indicate that the tri(azaindolyl)borane‐Rh catalyst favors the synergetic heterolytic mechanism; the PBP‐Co catalyst prefers the mer(trans)‐homolytic mechanism; the DPB‐Pd catalyst operates through the fac(cis)‐homolytic mechanism, whereas the BIM‐Pt catalyst tends to undergo the dissociative heterolytic mechanism. The mechanistic variations are determined by the coordination geometry, the LA‐TM bonding nature, the electronic structure of the TM center, and the flexibility or steric effect of the LA ligands. The presented mechanistic framework should provide helpful guidelines for LA‐TM catalyst design and reaction developments.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 5
Authors: Yamada Mimori , Hayashi Kensuke 
Published: August 2019

ON THE COVER: The cover image is based on the Short Report Microtubule nucleation in the cytoplasm of developing cortical neurons and its regulation by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor by Kensuke Hayashi et al., DOI: 10.1002/cm.21550.
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Anaplastic lymphoma kinase 5A4 immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic assay in lung cancer: A Canadian reference testing center's results in population‐based reflex testing
Authors: Fiset Pierre O. , Labbé Catherine , Young Kelvin , Craddock Kenneth J. , Smith Adam C. , Tanguay Jeffrey , Pintilie Melania , Wang Ri , Torlakovic Emina , Cheung Carol , da Cunha Santos Gilda , Ko Hyang‐Mi , Boerner Scott L. , Hwang David M. , Leighl Natasha B. , Tsao Ming‐Sound 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe presence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement predicts response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was the initial reference standard to detect ALK rearrangement, but immunohistochemistry (IHC) using D5F3 has gained acceptance as an alternative diagnostic method. ALK IHC assays using other ALK antibodies have also been used as screening methods, but data supporting their utility as diagnostic tests have not been widely reported.MethodsData from reflexive clinical ALK IHC test using the 5A4 clone concurrent with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing were analyzed. ALK IHC results were reported as negative (−), equivocal, or positive (+), with equivocal or positive staining validated by FISH break‐apart probe testing. Treatment outcomes were reviewed for ALK IHC+ patients.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2015, 146 (2.5%) cases were reported as ALK IHC+, 188 (3.2%) were reported as equivocal, and 5624 (94.4%) were reported as ALK IHC−. Of the ALK IHC+ cases, 131/143(91.6%) were ALK FISH+. Excluding 6 cases in which FISH was inconclusive or not performed, the positive predictive value was 95.6%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. Most specimens (n = 5352 [89.6%]) were also successfully tested for EGFR. Clinical responses to ALK TKIs were noted in 49 ALK IHC+ patients, with a median progression‐free survival of 9.9 months.ConclusionsALK 5A4 IHC can serve as a robust diagnostic test for ALK‐rearranged lung cancer and is associated with treatment response and survival. Optimized tissue allocation resulted in high success rates of combined reflex EGFR and ALK testing.
The RS4;11 cell line as a model for leukaemia with t(4;11)(q21;q23): Revised characterisation of cytogenetic features
Authors: Ragusa Denise , Makarov Evgeny M. , Britten Oliver , Moralli Daniela , Green Catherine M. , Tosi Sabrina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHaematological malignancies harbouring rearrangements of the KMT2A gene represent a unique subtype of leukaemia, with biphenotypic clinical manifestations, a rapid and aggressive onset, and a generally poor prognosis. Chromosomal translocations involving KMT2A often cause the formation of oncogenic fusion genes, such as the most common translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) producing the KMT2A‐AFF1 chimera.AimThe aim of this study was to confirm and review the cytogenetic and molecular features of the KMT2A‐rearranged RS4;11 cell line and put those in context with other reports of cell lines also harbouring a t(4;11) rearrangement.Methods and ResultsThe main chromosomal rearrangements t(4;11)(q21;q23) and i(7q), described when the cell line was first established, were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and 24‐colour karyotyping by M‐FISH. Additional cytogenetic abnormalities were investigated by further FISH experiments, including the presence of trisomy 18 as a clonal abnormality and the discovery of one chromosome 8 being an i(8q), which indicates a duplication of the oncogene MYC. A homozygous deletion of 9p21 containing the tumour‐suppressor genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B was also revealed by FISH. The production of the fusion transcript KMT2A‐AFF1 arising from the der(11)t(4;11) was confirmed by RT‐PCR, but sequencing of the amplified fragment revealed the presence of multiple isoforms. Two transcript variants, resulting from alternative splicing, were identified differing in one glutamine residue in the translated protein.ConclusionAs karyotype evolution is a common issue in cell lines, we highlight the need to monitor cell lines in order to re‐confirm their characteristics over time. We also reviewed the literature to provide a comparison of key features of several cell lines harbouring a t(4;11). This would guide scientists in selecting the most suitable research model for this particular type of KMT2A‐leukaemia.
Effect of Doping Ce Ions on Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of CuO Nanostructures
Authors: Chen Yajie , Tan Haiwen , Wu Xiaoqing , Sun Qimeng , Wang Dagui , Wang Yongqian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBy one‐step hydrothermal method, pure and Ce‐doped CuO nanostructures (NSs) are successfully synthesized. In this work, C4H6CuO4·H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O are used as the precursor and the dopant. The results of X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy demonstrate that small portions of Ce ions are incorporated into the crystal lattice of CuO NSs and substitute Cu ions with the formation of a tiny impurity (Cu2O). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images display that the nanoellipsoid morphology of pure CuO transforms to an apparently rough surface with larger sizes of the morphology by doping with Ce element. Compared to pure CuO NSs, the UV–vis absorption of Ce‐doped CuO NSs is remarkably enhanced, which exhibits a strong ability of light absorption both in the 200–380 nm and in the visible region (380–800 nm). The measured band‐gaps of pure and Ce‐doped CuO NSs with different amounts of Ce ions are 2.07 and 1.93, 2.03, 2.02 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic test shows that the photocatalytic activity of Ce‐doped CuO NSs is eminently better than for pure CuO NSs, with the photodegradation of methylene blue solution rising up to 90.04%.
Electrochemical Characteristics of a Triphenylamine Derivative by Microelectrode Voltammetry
Authors: Matsuda Shofu , Okuda Yuuki , Obu Yoshiki , Nagayama Norio , Umeda Minoru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith the objective of understanding the kinetic redox properties of triphenylamine derivatives in association with chemical reactions, for their future application in functional organic semiconductor devices, the electrochemical characteristics of 4‐(2,2‐diphenylethenyl)‐N,N‐bis(4‐methylphenyl)‐benzenamine (TPA) were evaluated. Based on cyclic voltammograms of TPA on Pt disk electrodes with diameters of 300 μm and 10 μm at slow and fast scan rates in an acetonitrile solution, the TPA.+ is stable, while the TPA2+ is unstable. Importantly, the unstable TPA2+ appears to break down by a subsequent chemical reaction. A Cottrell plot analysis from chronoamperometry of a solution containing TPA reveals that both the first and second oxidations are one‐electron reactions. Concerning the stabilization mechanism of the first oxidation state of TPA, the results of molecular orbital calculations indicate that the electrons of the HOMO level are distributed in the triphenylamine group, which induces a resonance‐stabilized TPA.+. Based on these results, TPA/TPA.+ is suggested to have a sufficient stability for further application in organic semiconductor devices.
Design and Application of a Non‐enzymatic Sensor Based on Metal‐organic Frameworks for the Simultaneous Determination of Carbofuran and Carbaryl in Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Soltani‐Shahrivar Morteza , Karimian Nashmil , Fakhri Hanieh , Hajian Ali , Afkhami Abbas , Bagheri Hasan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel, stable and sensitive non‐enzymatic sensor was developed with metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) that have attracted great attention in electrochemical sensors applications in recent years. The pore structures of MIL (Fe)‐101 and MIL (Fe)‐53 are the families of MOFs that were constructed via a simple solvothermal procedure. The 35MIL‐101(Fe)‐reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite has been used for modification of glassy carbon electrode for the determination of carbofuran (CBF) and carbaryl (CBR). The porosity of the composites increased the voltammetric responses significantly for CBF and CBR in a mixed solution that makes the simultaneous determination of both carbamate pesticides possible. Characterization of MIL (Fe)‐101 and MIL (Fe)‐53 were performed with FT‐IR, XRD, BET and SEM. Finally, the introduced sensor under the optimal conditions showed low detection limits of 1.2 and 0.5 nM within the linear ranges of 5.0–200.0 nM and 1.0–300.0 nM for CBF and CBR, respectively. The non‐enzymatic sensor was successfully used to monitoring of carbamates residue in vegetable and fruit samples.
Molecular characterization of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma reveals alterations in various genes involved in DNA repair, epigenetic regulation, signaling pathways, and cell cycle control
Authors: Mogler Carolin , Koschny Ronald , Heilig Christoph E. , Frohling Stefan , Schirmacher Peter , Weichert Wilko , Pfarr Nicole 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (EHE) of the liver are rare, low‐malignant vascular tumors whose molecular pathogenesis is incompletely understood. The diagnosis of EHE is challenging, and the course of the disease can be highly variable. Therapeutic options for EHE are limited, including resection of primary and metastatic tumors, organ transplantation and rather ineffective systemic approaches. Driver mutations have been reported (fusion transcripts of either YAP‐TFE3 or WWTR1‐CAMTA1) but comprehensive molecular profiling has not been performed. Our aim was to molecularly characterize hepatic EHE to identify new molecular targets. Eight primary hepatic EHE were analyzed by next‐generation sequencing using a 409‐gene panel. The majority of primary hepatic EHE revealed a low number of mutations. Genes that were mutated primarily are involved in DNA repair, epigenetic regulation, signaling pathways and cell cycle control, indicating that EHE present with mutations in various functions. Although only detecting a low mutation rate, a comparison with comprehensive databases (target db V3) revealed mutations in five genes with putative therapeutical options. Therefore, our findings help to shed light on the molecular background of EHE and might pave the way to new therapeutic approaches.
Improvement of Energy Efficiency and Effectiveness of Cooking for Parabolic‐Type Solar Cooker Used with Activated‐Carbon‐Coated Aluminium Cooking Pot
Authors: Goswami Anik , Basu Subhajit , Sadhu Pradip Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn India, due to the high price of cooking gases, people still cook with noncommercial fuels like kerosene and firewood. These cause a lot of health problems and also harm the environment. A clean solution to this problem is to use a solar cooker. A solar cooker suffers from the problem of low utility and hence takes a longer period of time for cooking. To counter this problem and reduce cooking time, the solar cooker is tested with charcoal coated utensil. In this paper, a parabolic‐type domestic solar cooker is tested for the same utensil with and without cost effective thermal coating. It is observed that the effectiveness and efficiency of cooking is considerably increased by using the charcoal coating on the utensil. Considering the economic condition of the people of the selected area, this method provides a cost effective way to increase the cooking effectiveness of the solar cooker and reduce dependency on noncommercial fuels.
Impacts of a multicomponent intervention programme on neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia and psychological health of caregivers: A feasibility pilot study
Authors: Law Waiyan , Kwok Timothy C.Y. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to explore the feasibility of a multicomponent intervention programme and to evaluate its impacts on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and psychological health of caregivers.MethodsFifty‐six community‐dwelling people with dementia (PWD) and knee osteoarthritis (OA) and their caregivers were recruited and randomized into the intervention group (IG) or comparison group (CG). Each participant in both groups received an individual physiotherapy session (personalized home exercises and care education) and underwent 8 weeks of a 1‐hour‐structured group exercise session weekly at a day care centre. They were instructed to follow the prescribed home exercise. The IG received a multicomponent programme, combining knee OA‐specific therapeutic exercise with self‐management support, while the CG attended the routine group exercise programme. The attendance rate and reasons for non‐attendance were recorded for evaluating the feasibility. The Chinese versions of the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self‐Efficacy (RSCSE) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) were measured at the baseline and postintervention.ResultsFifty‐four dyads completed the programme with high attendance rate (94.4%). Compared with the CG, caregivers in the IG significantly improved in three domains of RSCSE scores (P ≤ .005) and caregivers' distress (P = .004) after the intervention. However, no effects were observed in terms of BPSD severity in PWD. No adverse events or falls were reported.ConclusionThis multicomponent programme is feasible and safe for dementia caregivers and older people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia and knee OA. The programme has beneficial effects on caregiving self‐efficacy and distress of dementia caregivers.
Interregional causal influences of brain metabolic activity reveal the spread of aging effects during normal aging
Authors: Di Xin , Wölfer Marie , Amend Mario , Wehrl Hans , Ionescu Tudor M. , Pichler Bernd J. , Biswal Bharat B. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring healthy brain aging, different brain regions show anatomical or functional declines at different rates, and some regions may show compensatory increases in functional activity. However, few studies have explored interregional influences of brain activity during the aging process. We proposed a causality analysis framework combining high dimensionality independent component analysis (ICA), Granger causality, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression on longitudinal brain metabolic activity data measured by Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG–PET). We analyzed FDG–PET images from healthy old subjects, who were scanned for at least five sessions with an averaged intersession interval of 1 year. The longitudinal data were concatenated across subjects to form a time series, and the first‐order autoregressive model was used to measure interregional causality among the independent sources of metabolic activity identified using ICA. Several independent sources with reduced metabolic activity in aging, including the anterior temporal lobe and orbital frontal cortex, demonstrated causal influences over many widespread brain regions. On the other hand, the influenced regions were more distributed, and had smaller age‐related declines or even relatively increased metabolic activity. The current data demonstrated interregional spreads of aging on metabolic activity at the scale of a year, and have identified key brain regions in the aging process that have strong influences over other regions.