bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esporotricosis cutánea. Informe de casos.
Authors: Román Carrillo Mariet , Porres Paredes Salvador , Orozco Roberto , Argueta Víctor 
Published: August 2019

Introducción. La esporotricosis es una micosis profunda causada por inoculación traumática del complejo dimorfo Sporothrix sp, causando lesiones que pueden presentarse como nódulos o gomas y tener aspecto polimorfo. Tiene distribución cosmopolita. Guatemala posee focos endémicos.
Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, realizado en la Unidad de Dermatologia y el Departamento de Patología del Hospital General San Juan de Dios (HGSJD) de Guatemala, que incluye pacientes evaluados durante el periodo de enero 2014 a julio 2018, con diagnóstico clínico de esporotricosis y con muestras enviadas para cultivo y para estudio histopatológico.
Resultados. Once pacientes fueron analizados, de los cuales 7 eran de sexo masculino (63.6%). La edad media fue de 49 años; En 45.5% de los pacientes, las lesiones afectaban miembros superiores. Clínicamente predominaron las formas fijas (81.8%). El 100% tuvo cultivo positivo para Sporothrix sp. En el estudio histológico se encontraron estructuras compatibles con esporotricosis en 27.28%.
Conclusiones. En la actualidad las formas fijas son cada vez más comunes. El cultivo continúa siendo el método diagnóstico de elección para esporotricosis.
Resultados del ejercicio de vigilancia centinela para casos sospechosos de enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Sam Colop Berta , Dávila Pedro , Aguilar González Angie , Gobern Lorena , Lou Meda Randall 
Published: August 2019

Recibido: 22 de nov. de 2018 Aceptado: 19 mar. 2019
Introducción: En Guatemala, las tasas de prevalencia y mortalidad por Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) han incrementado durante la última década. Con el fin de obtener información epidemiológica relevante sobre ERC y establecer su relación con factores de riesgo, se realizó un ejercicio de vigilancia epidemiológica en hospitales de la red nacional seleccionados.
Métodos: Se describen los resultados de los Hospitales de Quetzaltenango, San Benito Petén y Chimaltenango en el periodo de Octubre 2017 a Marzo del año 2018.
Resultados: Se captaron 968 pacientes. La edad media fue de 41 años (DS, 17.4) y el 32% eran de sexo masculino. El 48% de los pacientes eran del Hospital de Chimaltenango, seguidos por el Hospital de Quetzaltenango con 37% y el Hospital de San Benito Petén con 15%. El 40% de los pacientes presentó un peso adecuado, 14% antecedente de hipertensión arterial y el 9%, de diabetes mellitus. La media de la eTFG de los pacientes fue de 98.7 mL/min/1.73m2 (DS, 31.32). El 65% de los pacientes presentó eTFG>90 mL/min/1.73m2, 28% entre 90-60 mL/min/1.73m2 y 7% eTFG< 60 mL/min/1.73m2. De los pacientes con eTFG<60 mL/min/1.73m2, el 29% tuvieron sobrepeso y 13% obesidad, poseen 2.18 veces más probabilidad de tener hipertensión arterial y 4.48 veces de diabetes mellitus con relación a los pacientes con eTFG>90 mL/min/1.73m2.
Conclusión: El 7% de los pacientes presentó eTFG por debajo de 60 mL/min/1.73m2. La hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus están significativamente asociadas con la disminución eTFG.
Conocimiento y actitud sobre la donación y trasplante de órganos en estudiantes de medicina
Authors: Canek Estuardo , Cifuentes Alfonso , López Cesar , Menéndez Rodrigo , Ordoñez Astrid 
Published: August 2019

Recibido: 9 mar. 2019 Aceptado 20 jun. 2019
Propósito: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento y actitud sobre donación y trasplante de órganos en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM)
Material y Método: Estudio no experimental, descriptivo, transversal realizado en estudiantes de tercer año de la FCM de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC) entre julio y agosto del 2018, con una muestra de 60 estudiantes, se evaluó el nivel de conocimiento y actitud por medio una encuesta elaborada por los investigadores y posteriormente se calculó por medio de la escala de Estaninos los límites de dichas variables.
Resultados: La muestra estudiada se conformó por el 52 % (31) de mujeres y 48 % (29) de hombres; el rango de edad promedio es de 20 a 21 años; la religión católica predominó con un 47 % (28), evangélica 43 % (26) y otras 10 % (6). El nivel de conocimiento fue medio y con actitud indiferente sobre la donación y trasplante de órganos que representó un 40 % (24) y 58 % (35) respectivamente del total de sujetos a estudio.
Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de tercer año de FCM de la USAC presentaron un nivel de conocimiento medio y actitud indiferente acerca de la donación y trasplante de órganos.
Templates of Binary-induced Spiral-shell Patterns around Mass-losing Post-main-sequence Stars
Authors: Kim Hyosun , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Taam Ronald E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The morphological properties of the outflowing circumstellar envelopes surrounding mass-losing stars in eccentric binary systems are presented based upon the results from a set of three-dimensional hydrodynamical model simulations. Making use of four template models of the envelope viewed for a range of inclination angles of the systems, we implement interpretative tools for observations at high spectral/angular resolutions (as illustrated via velocity-channel maps as well as position–velocity, radius–velocity, and angle–radius diagrams). Within this framework, the image and kinematical structures can be used to place constraints on the orbital parameters of the system. Specifically, three unique characteristic patterns in the envelopes are found that distinguish these systems from those in binary systems in circular orbits. Bifurcation of the spiral pattern, asymmetry in the interarm density depression, and a concurrent spiral/ring appearance all point to a binary system with an eccentric orbit. The methodology presented in this paper is illustrated in an analysis of recent radio observations of several asymptotic giant branch stars.
Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry. II. A Volume-limited Multiplicity Survey of Main-sequence F Stars
Authors: Hutter D. J. , Tycner C. , Zavala R. T. , Benson J. A. , Hummel C. A. , Sanborn J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present the results of a multiplicity survey for a volume-limited sample of 29 main-sequence F0–G0 stars within 17 pc conducted with the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI). Four companions were detected in previously known binary systems. The results for these stars show good agreement with previously published orbits. For one of these sources, ι Peg, the modeling of our data, which includes closure phase information, confirms the quadrant of the orbit. No new companions were detected in the sample (within separations of 3–860 mas and contrasts down to 3.5 mag at 700 nm). Combined with an extensive literature search, we provide a detailed listing of companions known around each star in the sample from prior spectroscopic and imaging/speckle observations, and we discuss the multiplicity frequency in the sample. We also discuss the prospects for future stellar multiplicity studies with the NPOI.
T2 Mapping as a New Method for Quantitative Assessment of Cartilage Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Renner Nina , Kleyer Arnd , Krönke Gerhard , Simon David , Söllner Stefan , Rech Jürgen , Uder Michael , Janka Rolf , Schett Georg , Welsch Goetz H. , Pachowsky Milena L. 
Published: August 2019

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with damage of the articular cartilage and the periarticular bone. While imaging of bone damage has substantially improved in recent years, direct imaging of the articular cartilage of the hand joints in patients with RA is still challenging. The study used T2 mapping of the finger joints to assess cartilage damage in RA.Methods.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla was done in 30 patients with RA, and T2 relaxation times visualizing alteration in the collagen network and hydration of articular cartilage were mapped in 6 cartilage regions of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints 2 and 3. Values were related to autoantibody status [anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), rheumatoid factor (RF)], disease duration, and disease activity as well as sex and age of the patients.Results.T2 relaxation times could be reliably measured in the 6 regions of the MCP joints. Significantly higher relaxation times indicating more advanced cartilage alterations were observed in the metacarpal heads of ACPA-positive (p = 0.001–0.010) and RF-positive patients (p = 0.013–0.025) as well as those with longer disease duration (> 3 yrs; p = 0.028–0.043). Current disease activity, sex, and age did not influence T2 relaxation times.Conclusion.These data show that cartilage damage can be localized and quantified in the hand joints of patients with RA by T2 mapping. Further, ACPA and RF positivity as well as disease duration appear to be the crucial factors influencing cartilage damage.
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Allopurinol in Achieving and Sustaining Target Serum Urate in a US Veterans Affairs Gout Cohort
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Yang Shuo , Saag Kenneth G. 
Published: August 2019

Objective.To assess factors associated with the ability to achieve and maintain target serum urate (SU) with allopurinol in patients with gout.Methods.We used US Veterans Affairs (VA) databases from 2002–2012. Eligible patients had ≥ 1 inpatient or ≥ 2 outpatient visits with a diagnostic code for gout, filled a new index allopurinol prescription, had at least 1 posttreatment SU level measured, and met the 12-month observability rule. Treatment successes were defined as the achievement of postindex SU < 6 mg/dl (success 1) and postindex SU < 6 mg/dl that was sustained (success 2).Results.Of the 198,839 unique patients with allopurinol use, 41,153 unique patients (with 47,072 episodes) and 17,402 unique patients (with 18,323 episodes) were eligible for analyses for success 1 and success 2; 42% each achieved (success 1) or achieved and maintained postindex SU < 6 mg/dl (success 2). In multivariable-adjusted models, factors associated with significantly higher odds of both outcomes were older age, normal body mass index, Deyo-Charlson index score of 0, rheumatologist as the main provider rather than non-rheumatologist, midwestern US location for the healthcare facility, a lower hospital bed size, military service connection for medical conditions of 50% or more (a measure of healthcare access priority), longer distance to the nearest VA facility, and lower preindex SU.Conclusion.We identified novel factors associated with maintaining SU < 6 mg/dl based on a theoretical model. Several potentially modifiable factors can be targeted by individual/provider/systems interventions for improving successful achievement and maintenance of target SU in patients with gout.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Monitoring Proliferative Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 Treatment Response
Authors: Estawro Rania G. , Embabi Sherif N. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Difficulty exists in the follow-up of proliferative macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) cases after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment due to staining in fluorescein angiography (FA) and alteration in retinal layers by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Herein, the authors report three cases in which OCT angiography (OCTA) could resolve this issue.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this retrospective, observational case series, diagnosis of MacTel 2 was made based on clinical examination, FA, OCT, and OCTA at presentation. Regression of neovessels was monitored by OCT and OCTA.

RESULTS:
OCTA could delineate neovessels before treatment in all cases and facilitate differentiation between active and regressed lesions after treatment. Simultaneous OCT images were less easily appreciated due to altered retinal structure secondary to degenerative nature of the disease.

CONCLUSION:
OCTA could be the tool of choice to monitor neovascular response to anti-VEGF treatment in proliferative MacTel 2.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:485–491.]
Diagnosis of Peripheral Retinoschisis Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Authors: Leshno Ari , Barak Adiel , Barzelay Aya , Zloto Ofira , Neudorfer Meira 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Retinal imaging can help differentiate retinoschisis (RS) from retinal detachment (RD). This study describes new sonographic features of RS using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and evaluates their diagnostic value.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Medical records of subjects diagnosed with RS and RD who underwent imaging prior to intervention were reviewed. Images were evaluated for detachment shape ultrasound (US) B-mode, as well as presence of intraretinal pillars, retinal layers split, and intraretinal cysts on UBM.

RESULTS:

Of 48 eyes from 48 patients in the study, 25 were diagnosed as RS and 23 as RD. “Retinal layers split” was the most common UBM finding in the RS group (72%), followed by intraretinal pillars (64%) and intraretinal cysts (36%). No RD case exhibited these findings (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
UBM might assist in difficult cases to differentiate between RS and RD by detection of the unique sonographic features of RS described herein.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e196–e202.]
Optical Coherence Tomography in Knobloch Syndrome
Authors: Thau Avrey , Tsukikawa Mai , Wangtiraumnuay Nutsuchar , Capasso Jenina , Affel Elizabeth , Alnabi Waleed Abed , Adam Murtaza , Alsulaiman Sulaiman M. , Spirn Marc , Levin Alex V. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Knobloch syndrome is a genetic disorder defined by occipital defect, high myopia, and vitreoretinal degeneration. The authors studied retinal changes in patients with Knobloch syndrome using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The authors report patients with Knobloch syndrome who received OCT testing during their care from 2011 to 2016. Diagnosis was based on high myopia, characteristic fundus, and occipital scalp or skull abnormalities with/without featureless irides and/or ectopia lentis. When available, diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of
COL18A1
mutations.

RESULTS:
The authors studied eight eyes from five patients. Two eyes were excluded due to chronic retinal detachment. OCT findings included epiretinal membrane, peripapillary vitreoretinal traction with retinoschisis, absent or rudimentary foveal pits, mean macular thickness of 113.4 μm, poor lamination, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy, photoreceptor depletion, and mean choroidal thickness of 168.5 μm with enlarged choroidal vessels.

CONCLUSION:
OCT findings in Knobloch syndrome include abnormal vitreoretinal traction, poor foveal differentiation, poor retinal lamination, retinal thinning, RPE attenuation, myopic choroidal thinning, and pachychoroid.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e203–e210.]
Retinal Defects Three Months After Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant
Authors: Farber Nicholas C. , Ulrich J. Niklas 
Published: August 2019

Intravitreal dexamethasone implants are commonly used to treat macular edema and noninfectious uveitis, and side effects including glaucoma and cataract formation are frequently managed. Rarely, the implant can cause an impact injury. However, this case shows peripheral retinal defects in a vitrectomized eye with abutting dexamethasone intravitreal implant without a flap, operculum, or other evidence of traction, developing 3 months after insertion, excluding the chance of injury from impact. The presence of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant appeared to cause destruction of juxtaposed retinal tissue. This report describes evaluation and management of this previously unreported complication.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:e211–e214.]
Revisiting the anatomical basis of varicocele
Authors: Samaranayake U. M. J. E. , Mathangasinghe Y. , Malalasekera A. P. 
Published: August 2019

Objective: We intended to revisit aetiology and pathogenesis of varicocele. Results: Several theories were proposed as for the aetiology of left sided varicoceles being commoner than right sided varicoceles such as compression of the left testicular vein by the sigmoid colon, high concentration of adrenaline in the left renal vein causing vasospasms of the left testicular vein, presence of a right angle between the left testicular vein and the renal vein, “nutcracker effect” secondary to a compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta distal to its confluence with left testicular vein, and the presence of incompetent venous valves of the internal spermatic vein draining the left renal vein causing back flow of the blood. However, these theories were challenged in subsequent studies. Recent studies explored the ultrastructural changes of the pampiniform venous plexus in patients with varicoceles. Histological studies identified changes in the connective tissue density, endothelium and smooth muscle arrangement in these veins. However, the causality of these changes is not yet studied extensively. Genetic studies looking at matrix metalloproteinases synthesis and degradation, inflammation, immune dysregulation or alterations of metabolic pathways are necessary to understand pathogenesis of this clinical entity.
Cochylis hospes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) damage to male lines varies significantly and inbred susceptibility predicts damage to hybrids
Authors: Prasifka Jarrad R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLarvae of Cochylis hospes (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (banded sunflower moth) are a primary source of insect damage to seeds of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Asteraceae), in North America. Field trials were used to evaluate seed damage under natural infestations for panels of publicly released male lines, publicly derived hybrids (females crossed to one common male parent), and commercial hybrids over a total of four years. For trials in 2013–2014 including 17 male lines, seed damage ranged from 3% to 19%. The least damaged male, RHA 266, was statistically similar to one other male, RHA 455. Three commercial hybrids used as checks also received very little seed damage (< 5%). In trials during 2016–2017, hybrids created by pollinating 15 different female lines with RHA 266 showed 4–14% damage. Data from female parents explained about 28% of variation in seed damage for the hybrids. Results confirm cultivated sunflower has greater variation in susceptibility to C. hospes than previously believed, and that seed damage to inbred lines provides some predictive power for hybrids. Though breeding for resistance to C. hospes seems possible, it may be too labour-intensive without relating resistance to more easily measurable traits or genetic markers.
Engaging Athletic Trainers in Concussion Detection: Overview of the National Football League ATC Spotter Program, 2011–2017
Authors: Mack Christina , Myers Emily , Barnes Ronnie , Solomon Gary , Sills Allen 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo assist sideline medical staff and to augment detection of concussion in National Football League (NFL) players during preseason and regular season games via the use of certified athletic trainer (ATC) spotters.BackgroundDetecting concussive injuries in contact-sport athletes can be a challenging task for health care providers on the sideline. Over the past 8 years, professional sport leagues have begun to use additional sets of eyes (medical spotters along with video review) to help identify athletes with possible concussive injuries.DescriptionThe NFL first began a program using spotters in 2011, and the ATC Spotter Program has undergone systematic enhancements each year. This article describes the evolution of the ATC Spotter Program, the requirements and training of its participants, and the program data available to date. Directions for future improvement and research are addressed.Clinical AdvantagesThe use of ATC spotters stationed in the broadcast booth has enhanced the real-time detection of concussed players in the NFL.
The conservative treatment of pain in the sacroiliac region during pregnancy: A case study
Authors: Paulsen T. E. 
Published: August 2019

A case study of a pregnant woman complaining of pain in the left sacroiliac area is presented. In a field where differences of opinion between authorities are common, the importance of clinical presentation and assessment is stressed. The selection of techniques is discussed highlighting some of the implications of treating the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) during pregnancy.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Novel Tool for Evaluating Practical Skills in Hematopathology Residents in Pakistan
Authors: Moiz Bushra , Ali Syeda Kauser , Rashid Anila , Shariq Muhammad , Karim Farheen 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
The mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) are reliable tools for work-based assessment of medical trainees. Tools of this type do not yet exist for evaluation of practical laboratory skills of pathology residents.

Objective
We developed and piloted a 9-item instrument for direct observation of laboratory skills (DOLS).

Methods
We used the DOLS tool with 10 hematopathology residents (PGY-1 to PGY-5) from Aga Khan University. Each resident was evaluated by 3 faculty members in the laboratory during 4 separate encounters using the DOLS instrument. We assessed construct validity, interrater reliability and G coefficient, feasibility of using DOLS, and learner satisfaction.

Results
A total of 120 encounters were observed with a mean score (±1 SD) of 56.7% (±12.44). Assessment scores moderately correlated with the number of laboratory procedures previously performed by participants (r = 0.658 and 0.641; P = .0001) and with PGY level. Interrater reliability ranged between 0.47 and 0.96. Cohen's d was 1.64. Residents accounted for a large component of estimated variance (73%), suggesting DOLS can differentiate residents' laboratory skills; variance associated with assessors was small (0.01%). Residents reported being satisfied with the tool. Mean time (±1 SD) taken for observing and feedback was 17.89 ± 5.89 minutes.

Conclusions
The new DOLS instrument could provide reliable scores for observing laboratory skills. Residents were satisfied with the tool, and rating times make the tool feasible for formative assessments.