bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filling the gap between plot and landscape scale – eight years of soil erosion monitoring in 14 adjacent watersheds under soil conservation at Scheyern, Southern Germany
Authors: Fiener Peter , Wilken Florian , Auerswald Karl 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Watershed studies are essential for erosion research
because they embed real agricultural practices, heterogeneity along the flow
path, and realistic field sizes and layouts. An extensive literature review
covering publications from 1970 to 2018 identified a prominent lack of
studies, which (i) observed watersheds that are small enough to address
runoff and soil delivery of individual land uses, (ii) were considerably
smaller than erosive rain cells (<400 ha), (iii) accounted for the
episodic nature of erosive rainfall and soil conditions by sufficiently long
monitoring time series, (iv) accounted for the topographic, pedological,
agricultural and meteorological variability by measuring at high spatial and
temporal resolution, (v) combined many watersheds to allow comparisons, and
(vi) were made available. Here we provide such a dataset comprising 8 years of comprehensive soil erosion monitoring (e.g. agricultural
management, rainfall, runoff, sediment delivery). The dataset covers 14
adjoining and partly nested watersheds (sizes 0.8 to 13.7 ha), which were
cultivated following integrated (four crops) and organic farming (seven
crops and grassland) practices. Drivers of soil loss and runoff in all
watersheds were determined with high spatial and temporal detail (e.g., soil
properties are available for 156 m2 blocks, rain data with
1 min resolution, agricultural practices and soil cover with daily
resolution). The long-term runoff and especially the sediment delivery data
underline the dynamic and episodic nature of associated processes,
controlled by highly dynamic spatial and temporal field conditions (soil
properties, management, vegetation cover). On average, the largest 10 % of
events lead to 85.4 % sediment delivery for all monitored watersheds. The
analysis of the Scheyern dataset clearly demonstrates the distinct need for
long-term monitoring in runoff and erosion studies.
Development of historical thinking in the classroom through a training programme for Secondary Education
Authors: Guerrero Romera Catalina , López-García Alejandro , Monteagudo Fernández José 
Published: July 2019

La evaluación de un programa formativo es un indicador valioso de la planificación seguida para articular con destreza la intervención y líneas de acción de cualquier proceso de enseñanza.
Este artículo describe el camino recorrido para desarrollar y evaluar un programa de formación que versa sobre la enseñanza de la historia y la evaluación de competencias históricas en Enseñanza Secundaria, a partir de un modelo innovador que promueve la teoría del pensamiento histórico, como eje principal. Dicho programa formativo fue implementado y evaluado con estudiantes del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria. Para ello se siguió un diseño cuantitativo, concretamente de tipo descriptivo no experimental tipo encuesta.
Los resultados han sido satisfactorios, poniéndose en valor la adecuación del diseño y modelo de trabajo planteados. Los objetivos del programa se han cumplido, siendo algunos de los mejor valorados los referentes al aprendizaje en el diseño de unidades didácticas para la enseñanza de la historia y a la enseñanza sobre pensamiento histórico, la cual manifestaron útil para su formación como docentes. Igualmente, se ha demostrado que el aprendizaje de competencias históricas a través de la problematización del pasado, favorece la construcción de una ciudadanía capaz de lidiar exitosamente con la problemática viniente en la sociedad actual.
The evaluation of a training program is a valuable indicator of the planning followed to skillfully articulate the intervention and lines of action of any teaching process.
This article describes the path taken to develop and evaluate a training program that deals with the teaching of history and the evaluation of historical competencies in Secondary Education, based on an innovative model that promotes the theory of historical thought as its main axis. This training program was implemented and evaluated with students from the Master's in Teacher Training in Secondary Education. For this purpose, a quantitative research was followed, specifically a non-experimental, descriptive design study, based on a survey.
The results have been satisfactory, valuing the adequacy of the design and working model proposed. The objectives of the programme have been met, some of the best valued being those relating to learning in the design of didactic units for the teaching of history and the teaching of historical thought, which proved useful for their training as teachers. Likewise, it has been demonstrated that the learning of historical skills through the problematization of the past favors the construction of a citizenry capable of successfully dealing with the problems arising in today's society.
El Development of social and civic competence and the use of active teaching methodologies in secondary classrooms
Authors: Fuentes Moreno Concha , Sabido-Codina Judit , Miquel Albert Joan 
Published: July 2019

Este artículo analiza la relación entre el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana y la utilización de metodologías didácticas activas en las aulas de secundaria. El contexto se sitúa en el ámbito educativo de Cataluña a partir del análisis de cuatro unidades didácticas que plantean objetivos competenciales con métodos que facilitan la indagación y el análisis social conocidos como aprendizaje por descubrimiento. Para el tratamiento de los datos recogidos se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa a partir de una observación directa no participante en las aulas y de un análisis lexicométrico, a partir del software Iramuteq, desde tres dimensiones: el desarrollo de las unidades didácticas, la metodología docente y el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana. Los resultados se presentan a partir de los conceptos y habilidades que caracterizan la labor del docente y de los estudiantes, y también con el análisis de los gráficos originados con el software y con el uso de reflexiones narrativas recogidas durante la observación. Las conclusiones constatan el protagonismo del estudiante en la construcción de su aprendizaje, así como el papel determinante del profesor como guía en la construcción de la competencia social y ciudadana.
This article analyzes the relationship between the development of social and civic competence and the use of active didactic methodologies in secondary school classrooms. The context is located in the educational field of Catalonia through the analysis of four didactic units that sets competency aims with methods that facilitate inquiry and social analysis known as discovery learning. For the treatment of the collected data, a qualitative methodology has been used from a direct non-participant observation in the classrooms and from a lexicometry analysis from three aspects: the development of the teaching units, the methodology used by the docent and the development of social competence and citizen. The analysis of the texts has been done with the Iramuteq software. The results are presented from the concepts and skills that characterize the work of the teacher and the students with the analysis of the graphics originated with the software and with the use of narrative reflections collected during the observation. The conclusions confirm the protagonism of the student in the construction of their learning as well as the determining role of the teacher as a guide in the construction of social and civic competence
La The problem of national identity formation in History teaching-learning
Authors: Brito Román Juan Carlos , Gámez Ceruelo Virginia 
Published: July 2019

Mediante una comparativa entre dos momentos históricos: en un extremo la génesis, inicio y consolidación del sistema educativo ecuatoriano –1830-1941–, y en el otro: el período actual a partir de la Constitución del 2008, se analiza el discurso identitario construido en torno a la presencia del pueblo afroecuatoriano en relación al proyecto de Estado-nación en Ecuador. Los libros de texto de historia nacional y los documentos rectores del sistema educativo constituyen nuestra principal fuente de consulta. A partir de los discursos establecidos en ellos, argumentaremos en torno a las estrategias de invisibilización y negación del pueblo afroecuatoriano en las propuestas educativas, junto con la creación de una figura estereotipada del mismo.
Throughout a comparative method across two different periods in History: on the one hand the geneses and consolidation of the Ecuadorian educational system–1830-1940–, and on the other hand the present times, since the Constitution of 2008, the discourse of identity built around the presence of afro people in Ecuador is analyzed. The schoolbooks of national History and the documents regarding the educational system are our main source of consultation. From the discourses stablished in them, we will argue about the strategies for invisibilization and negation of afroecuadorians in educational proposals, along with the stereotypes around his image.
Single transverse mode operation of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with monolithically incorporated curved mirror
Authors: Nakajima Hiroshi , Hamaguchi Tatsushi , Tanaka Masayuki , Ito Masamichi , Jyokawa Tatsuro , Matou Tatsuya , Hayashi Kentaro , Ohara Maho , Kobayashi Noriko , Watanabe Hideki , Koda Rintaro , Yanashima Katsunori 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We report single transverse mode operation of a blue GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (GaN-VCSEL) with a monolithically incorporated curved mirror. For a device with a 4 μm current aperture diameter and a curved mirror with a radius of curvature (ROC) of 51 μm, single transverse mode operation was confirmed up to an output power of 3.2 mW under continuous wave operation at 20 °C. For a device with a smaller ROC of 31 μm, multi transverse mode operation was confirmed, indicating that the transverse mode can be controlled by the cavity design of such GaN-VCSELs.
A prognostic nomogram for neuroblastoma in children
Authors: Li Xiaozhi , Meng Yutong 
Published: July 2019

Introduction
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in children, which accounts for about 7–10% in children’s tumors. The prognosis group of patients with neuroblastoma could not only improve the efficacy of high-risk patients, but also reduce the effects of drug complications for surviving patients.

Material and Methods
Patients diagnosed with neuroblastoma between 1986 and 2012 were selected form the TARGET database. The nomogram was built with potential risk factors based on COX regression analysis. The precision of the 3-year and 5-year survival of the nomograms was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).

Results
A total of 757 child neuroblastoma patients were selected from the TARGET database. Univariate analysis showed that age of diagnosis (>520 day), race of American Indian or Alaska Native, stage 4 in International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), MYCN status, DNA ploidy, and high mitosis-karyorrhexis index were associated with overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed age of diagnosis (>520 day), stage 4 in INSS and DNA ploidy were independent risk factors of OS. The concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram was 0.704 (95% CI [0.686–0.722]) in the training cohort while the C-index in the validation cohort was 0.672 (95% CI [0.644–0.700]). AUC values of ROC curves for 3-year OS and 5-year OS in the training cohort were 0.732 and 0.772, respectively. The nomogram performed better compared with INSS staging system, tumor histology and children’s oncology group (COG) risk group with C-indexes of 0.662 (95% CI [0.648–0.676]), 0.637 (95% CI [0.622–0.652]) and 0.651 (95% CI [0.637–0.665]), respectively.

Conclusions
The nomogram showed stronger predictive power than the INSS staging system, tumor histology and COG risk group. Precise estimates of the prognosis of childhood neuroblastoma might help doctors make better treatment decisions.
A Review of the Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Nutrient Status, with Especial Consideration to Folate in UK
Authors: Wakeman Michael P. 
Published: July 2019

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used by a significant number of women, often commencing at early adolescence. Whilst most research has investigated the physiological effects of OCs, some studies have identified impacts upon nutritional status of certain vitamins and minerals. In this context, a report published by the World Health Organization (WHO) is relevant, since women who take OCs-especially in less well-developed countries might not always have adequate diet. Furthermore, women whose life style is unhealthy, those with malabsorption pathologies, or have genetic polymorphisms that affect vitamin metabolism might also be at risk of the negative impacts on an individual’s nutrient status. This literature review investigates the effects that oral contraceptives might have upon nutrient status. It identifies potential interactions with Vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, and E and folic acid as well as magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, co-enzyme Q10, and beta-carotene status. It then examines the possible consequences that induced depletion of folic acid might cause with especial focus on neural tubes defects in UK, where food supplementation with this vitamin is not yet mandatory. It suggests that in those using this form of contraception or hormone replacement therapy, it is valid to consider appropriate nutritional supplements as a complementary first line strategy in order to prevent possible vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Multifunctional Fibers to Shape Future Biomedical Devices
Authors: Zhang Ye , Ding Jianxun , Qi Baowen , Tao Wei , Wang Junqing , Zhao Caiyan , Peng Huisheng , Shi Jinjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFiber‐based configurations are highly desirable for wearable and implantable biomedical devices due to their unique properties, such as ultra‐flexibility, weavability, minimal invasiveness, and tissue adaptability. Recent developments have focused on the fabrication of fibrous devices with multiple biomedical functions, such as noninvasively or minimally invasively monitoring of physiological signals, delivering drugs, transplanting cells, and recording and stimulating nerves. In this Review, the recent progress of these multifunctional fiber‐based devices in terms of their composite materials, fabrication techniques, structural designs, device‐tissue interfaces, and biomedical applications is carefully described. The remaining challenges and future directions in this emerging and exciting research field are also highlighted.
Perovskite‐Based Optoelectronic Biointerfaces for Non‐Bias‐Assisted Photostimulation of Cells
Authors: Aria Mohammad M. , Srivastava Shashi B. , Sekerdag Emine , Dikbas Ugur M. , Sadeghi Sadra , Pering Samuel R. , Cameron Petra J. , Gursoy‐Ozdemir Yasemin , Kavakli Ibrahim H. , Nizamoglu Sedat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganohalide perovskites have attracted significant attention for efficient solar energy harvesting. They boost the photoelectrical conversion efficiency of the solution‐processable solar cells because of having a nearly 100% internal quantum efficiency, operating in both narrow‐ and broadband spectral regimes, near‐infrared sub‐bandgap absorption, and high diffusion length. At the same time, these optoelectronic properties make it an ideal candidate for photostimulation of neurons. However, the biocompatibility of perovskite and its longevity in a cell medium constitute a major limitation to use it for biological interfaces. Here, high‐level perovskite stability and biocompatibility are shown by forming hydrophobic perovskite microcrystals and encapsulating them within a polydimethylsiloxane layer. For effective and safe photostimulation of cells perovskite microcrystals are interfaced with poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) polymer for dissociation of the photogenerated charge carriers, which leads to non‐bias‐assisted cell stimulation. The results point out a new direction for the use of perovskite for photomedicine.
Perforated Bimodal Interferometric Biosensor for Affinity Sensing
Authors: Uchiyamada Ken , Okubo Kyohei , Asakawa Kiyoshi , Kamon Yuri , Kitayama Yukiya , Takeuchi Toshifumi , Suzuki Hiroaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA compact photonic sensor using a perforated waveguide (PW) that functions as a bimodal interferometer (BiMI) is developed for affinity sensing. A 2D array of holes is formed on the bimodal region of the waveguide. The PW is designed to allow 1.31 µm wavelength light to transmit, harnessing the strong optical intensity distribution inside the holes to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor. Numerical simulations show that the PW‐BiMI outperforms a nonperforated BiMI in surface sensitivity by 7.6 times. A molecularly imprinted polymer for human serum albumin (HSA) is synthesized and coated on the PW‐BiMI. The sensitivity and detection limit for HSA achieved using a 100 µm long sensor are 154 nm µm−1 and 20.4 µg mL−1, respectively. Compared with a BiMI of equivalent length, the PW‐BiMI sensor would have a 22 times larger surface sensitivity, and the detection limit would be decreased to 31%. The PW‐BiMI sensor has potential for application in label‐free biosensing with a small volume of solution.
Biological Considerations of Optical Interfaces for Neuromodulation
Authors: Hart William L. , Kameneva Tatiana , Wise Andrew K. , Stoddart Paul R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe success of devices such as cochlear implants and pacemakers has led to increasing interest in new applications of artificial neural interfaces, ranging from brain–computer interfaces to vagus nerve stimulators. Both the established and emerging applications of neural interfaces have highlighted the need for improvements in spatial selectivity and reduced invasiveness, which in turn has driven growing interest in optical interfaces. The delivery of light to—and collection of light from—neural tissue presents distinct challenges for optical devices. This review presents the status of optical interface technologies with a focus on biological considerations, such as biocompatibility, thermal loading, and tissue response. Attention is also paid to factors affecting the portability of optical interfaces, and issues around reliability and manufacturing that need to be considered for successful translation. Indeed, it is imperative that engineers work closely with physiologists, clinicians, and patients when developing devices for research and the clinic. Finally, emerging trends and the potential for new technologies to disrupt the field are discussed. While many engineering challenges remain to be overcome, the achievements to date suggest that optical neuromodulation techniques have significant potential to be deployed in future for a wide range of practical therapeutic applications.
How to increase the resectability of initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases: A surgical perspective
Authors: Imai Katsunori , Adam René , Baba Hideo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough surgical resection is the only treatment of choice that can offer prolonged survival and a chance of cure in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), nearly 80% of patients are deemed to be unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Considerable efforts have been made to overcome this initial unresectability, including expanding the indication of surgery, the advent of conversion chemotherapy, and development and modification of specific surgical techniques, regulated under multidisciplinary approaches. In terms of specific surgical techniques, portal vein ligation/embolization can increase the volume of future liver remnant and thereby reduce the risk of hepatic insufficiency and death after major hepatectomy. For multiple bilobar CRLM that were traditionally considered unresectable even with preoperative chemotherapy and portal vein embolization, two‐stage hepatectomy was introduced and has been adopted worldwide with acceptable short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Recently, ALPPS (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy) was reported as a novel variant of two‐stage hepatectomy. Although issues regarding safety remain unresolved, rapid future liver remnant hypertrophy and subsequent shorter intervals between the two stages lead to a higher feasibility rate, reaching 98%. In addition, adding radiofrequency ablation and vascular resection and reconstruction techniques can allow expansion of the pool of patients with CRLM who are candidates for liver resection and thus a cure. In this review, we discuss specific techniques that may expand the criteria for resectability in patients with initially unresectable CRLM.
“The Thing Happened as He Wished”: Recovering an American Indian Cultural Psychology
Authors: Gone Joseph P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the chief questions confronting mental health professionals who serve American Indian communities is how best to offer genuinely helpful services that do not simultaneously and surreptitiously reproduce colonial power relations. To ensure that counselors and therapists do not engage in psy‐colonization, it is crucial to recognize the sometimes divergent cultural foundations of mental distress, disorder, and well‐being in “Indian Country.” In this article, I will consider four excerpts from a research interview undertaken among my own people, the Aaniiih Gros Ventres of north‐central Montana. At a superficial level, these excerpts seem to reinforce reigning sensibilities that are readily familiar within the mental health professions. And yet, closer analysis of these interview excerpts reveals several tantalizing facets of an indigenous cultural psychology that may well continue to shape life and experience among tribal members in this setting. I recover this distinctive cultural psychology through archival representations of cultural and community life, including analysis of an important tribal myth. This analysis makes possible an alterNative interpretation of these interview excerpts, grounded in an aboriginal cosmology, that yields important implications for conceiving a more inclusive knowledge base for psychology that only robust community engagement can reveal.