bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common practice solvent extraction does not reflect actual emission of a sex pheromone during butterfly courtship
Authors: Visser Bertanne , Dublon Ian A. N. , Heuskin Stéphanie , Laval Florent , Bacquet Paul M. B. , Lognay Georges , Nieberding Caroline M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOlfactory communication can be of critical importance for mate choice decisions. Lepidoptera are key model systems for understanding olfactory communication, particularly considering sex pheromone signaling in the context of sexual selection. Solvent extraction or rinsing of pheromone-producing structures is a widespread method for quantifying sex pheromones, but such measures reflect what is stored and may not represent what is actually emitted by an individual during courtship. Here, we address this point for the first time by quantifying the components of the male sex pheromone (MSP) of interactingBicyclus anynanabutterflies, a species for which much information is available onthe role played by MSPs in affecting mating success. Using headspace sampling during courtship and solvent extraction after completion of experiments using the same males, we were able to track individual traits. Our results show that solvent extracts do not reflect quantities of MSP components emitted by live butterflies. We further show that MSP amounts obtained using headspace sampling correlated with male mating success, but solvent extracts did not. Our results further strongly suggest that males actively control MSP emission when faced with increased male-male competition. Common practice solvent extracts may thus not serve as an adequate proxy for male sex pheromone signaling as they are perceived by choosy females. Our study serves as a proof of principle that quantification of male sex pheromone components depends on the method of collection, which could apply to many other insects using short-range chemical signals. This affects our understanding of how sexual selection shapes the evolution of sexually-selected chemical traits.
Dynamics of pellet fragmentation and aggregation in liquid-grown cultures ofStreptomyces lividans
Authors: Zacchetti Boris , Smits Paul , Claessen Dennis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStreptomycetes are extensively used for the production of valuable products, including various antibiotics and industrial enzymes. The preferred way to grow these bacteria in industrial settings is in large-scale fermenters. Growth of streptomycetes under these conditions is characterized by the formation of complex mycelial particles, called pellets. While the process of pellet formation is well characterized, little is known about their disintegration. Here, we use a qualitative and quantitative approach to show that pellet fragmentation inStreptomyces lividansis initiated when cultures enter the stationary phase, which coincides with a remarkable change in pellet architecture. Unlike young pellets, aging pellets have a less dense appearance and are characterized by the appearance of filaments protruding from their outer edges. These morphological changes are accompanied by a dramatic increase in the number of mycelial fragments in the culture broth. In the presence of fresh nutrients, these fragments are able to aggregate with other small fragments, but not with disintegrating pellets, to form new mycelial particles. Altogether, our work indicates that fragmentation might represent an escape mechanism from the environmental stress caused by nutrient scarcity, with striking similarities to the disassembly of bacterial biofilms.
Is this a fake QTL? A short note on analysis of multiple QTL peaks on the same chromosome
Authors: Lorieux Mathias 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA simple method is proposed to detect fake QTL provoked by spurious linkage with a true QTL. The method is based on the calculation of the expected value of the teststatistic (F-test and LOD score are considered) at the putatively fake QTL position.
Field-testing olfactory ability to understand human olfactory ecology
Authors: Hoover Kara C. , Botescu Denisa , Fedurek Piotr , Aarts Sophie , Berbesque J. Colette 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe know little about human olfactory ability in natural settings because current knowledge derives from lab-based studies using non-representative samples of convenience. The primary objective was to use a validated lab tool, the five-item odor identification test, to assess variation in olfactory ability in different environments.MethodsUsing the five-item test, we conducted two repeated measures experiments that assessed participant ability to correctly identify an odor source in different odor environments. We also examined consistency in odor labelling due to documented potential bias from idiosyncrasies in odor terms.ResultsWe found no variation in olfactory ability due to environment, but this may be due to methodological biases. First, subjective bias results from idiosyncratic differences in participant labelling and researcher coding of answer correctness. Second, better ability to learn odors may provide an advantage to women. Third, reducing positive female learning bias by analyzing consistency in response (regardless of correct odor source identification) fails to assess functional olfactory ability. Functional olfactory ability (naming correct odor source) is significantly better in females, especially in food-rich odor environments.ConclusionsEnvironment was not a significant factor in olfactory ability in this study but that result may be confounded by methodological biases. We not recommend odor identification as a field tool. Functional olfactory ability exhibits a sex-based pattern but consistency in recognizing the same odor does not. Food-rich odors may enhance olfactory ability in females. We discuss evolutionary and ecological implications of superior female functional olfactory ability relative to food foraging activity.
Qualitative research on AZ31 magnesium alloy aircraft brackets with a triangular rib produced by a new forging method
Authors: Dziubinska Anna , Gontarz Andrzej , Zagórski Ireneusz 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to report results of the qualitative assessment of AZ31 aircraft brackets with a triangular rib produced by a new forging method with respect to their structure and mechanical properties.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reports the results of qualitative tests for AZ31 magnesium alloy aircraft brackets with a triangular rib produced by a new forging method. These ribbed parts were formed on a forging press equipped with three moving tools. The produced aircraft brackets were subjected to qualitative tests. Their cross-sectional microstructure was examined using the light-field technique. The mechanical properties of ribbed parts were determined in a static tensile test and by hardness measurements on the surface of the part. The following variables were determined: tensile strength Rm, yield strength R0.2, elongation A5 and hardness.

Findings
The results of qualitative tests provide significant information about produced aircraft brackets with a triangular rib, i.e. microstructure in three key regions of brackets and their mechanical properties.

Practical implications
The method will enable producing magnesium alloy aircraft brackets with a triangular rib. The application of the method for aircraft brackets developed by the authors of this paper will result in higher product quality and reduced production costs. The paper demonstrates the practical application of this technique by presenting a finished aircraft bracket and the results of complete qualitative tests.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper lies in the presentation of a new, innovative method for manufacturing aircraft brackets with a triangular rib. This method is unique on a global scale, and its assumptions have been granted patent protection.
Overview of green quad bubble business jet aerodynamic configuration design
Authors: Djojodihardjo Harijono 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of introducing a number of visionary and pioneering ideas and upcoming enabling technologies for a conceptual and aerodynamic design of green business jet aircraft to meet various requirements within Green and N + 2 Aircraft framework, and at the same time, to meet the requirements of air transportation demand, economic growth and environmental conservation.

Design/methodology/approach
A synthesis of various aircraft design methodologies has been carried out through iterative optimization to arrive at the conceptually designed aircraft with novel concept with optimum performance within the subsonic flight regimes. Major ideas derived from D8 and other novel concepts are appropriately applied in the work, which starts with fuel efficient motivation, and followed by wing aerodynamics and other critical factors related to the design requirements and objectives.

Findings
Through a meticulous effort following the synthesized design methodologies in the conceptual design phase, a conceptual design of a quad-bubble business jets with a set of specifications that meet the green and N + 2 aircraft technology requirements and exhibit promising performances is proposed and assessed within recent aircraft technology development.

Research limitations/implications
The research work is limited to conceptual design and analytical work which should be followed by further iterative steps incorporating experiments and detailed structural and aerodynamic computations.

Practical implications
The conceptual design proposed can be utilized as a baseline for further practical step in an aircraft development project.

Social implications
The conceptual design proposed could be utilized for business and economic study for future air transportation system.

Originality/value
The work is original, incorporating review of state-of-the-art technology, environmental requirements and a synthesis of a novel product.
Nationality vs ethnic identity
Authors: Ching Frank 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
As far as governments are concerned, it is the nationality of a person, usually reflected in a passport, that shows whether the government has a duty to protect that individual and whether the person owes obligations to the state. Hong Kong is unusual in that for many people there, passports are primarily seen as documents that offer safety and security. It is not unusual for people to possess two or more passports. The purpose of this paper is to examine attitudes toward passports on the part of Hong Kong people, formed by their unique experience.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper analyzes key documents, such as China’s Nationality Law and a little known document, “Explanations of Some Questions by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Concerning the Implementation of the Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.” The paper also looks at the Loh case of August 2016, involving a Canadian man who wanted a Hong Kong passport for his 11-year-old Canadian-born son, and the Patrick Tse case, where Hong Kong tried to strip a teenager who possessed German nationality of his Hong Kong passport.

Findings
The convenience of travel to China with a Home Return Permit seems to outweigh any sense of loyalty to an adopted country in the west, or the realization that the use of a document identifying its holder as a Chinese national means that she/he would not have any consular protection. It is also ironical that the Hong Kong Government should maintain the difference between nationality and ethnicity at a time when the Chinese Government is doing the very opposite, playing down the status of nationality while magnifying the importance of so-called “Chinese blood.”

Originality/value
This paper examines a topic that has not been widely studied but is likely to become more important in the years to come as China’s impact on the rest of the world increases. The nationality status of ethnic Chinese will increasingly become an issue as the flow of travel between China and other countries rises and Chinese immigrants continue to take up foreign nationality. While this issue is of special importance to Hong Kong, its impact will extend to countries around the world, in fact, to wherever Chinese persons are to be found.
Linking demographic processes and foraging ecology in wandering albatross—Conservation implications
Authors: Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPopulation dynamics and foraging ecology are two fields of the population ecology that are generally studied separately. Yet, foraging determines allocation processes and therefore demography. Studies on wandering albatrossesDiomedea exulansover the past 50 years have contributed to better understand the links between population dynamics and foraging ecology. This article reviews how these two facets of population ecology have been combined to better understand ecological processes, but also have contributed fundamentally for the conservation of this long‐lived threatened species.Wandering albatross research has combined a 50‐year long‐term study of marked individuals with two decades of tracking studies that have been initiated on this species, favoured by its large size and tameness.At all stages of their life history, the body mass of individuals plays a central role in allocation processes, in particular in influencing adult and juvenile survival, decisions to recruit into the population or to invest into provisioning the offspring or into maintenance.Strong age‐related variations in demographic parameters are observed and are linked to age‐related differences in foraging distribution and efficiency. Marked sex‐specific differences in foraging distribution, foraging efficiency and changes in mass over lifetime are directly related to the strong sex‐specific investment in breeding and survival trajectories of the two sexes, with body mass playing a pivotal role especially in males.Long‐term study has allowed determining the sex‐specific and age‐specific demographic causes of population decline, and the tracking studies have been able to derive where and how these impacts occur, in particular the role of long‐line fisheries.
Sonocrystallization of Interesterified Soybean Oil: Effect of Saturation Level and Supercooling
Authors: Lee Juhee , Claro da Silva Roberta , Gibon Veronique , Martini Silvana 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supercooling and degree of saturation on lipid sonocrystallization under similar driving force of crystallization. Samples consisting of 100%, 50%, and 20% interesterified soybean oil (IESBO) diluted in high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO) were crystallized with and without high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU). Two power levels were used by changing the amplitude of vibration of the tip (24 μm and 108 μm of tip amplitude). HIU operating at a frequency of 20 kHz was applied for 10 s. Sonication induced crystallization in the 100% IESBO sample and sonication power did not affect the results. A greater induction in crystallization was observed when higher power levels were used in the 50% IESBO sample, while no effect was observed in the crystallization kinetics of the 20% IESBO samples. Changes in the crystallization kinetics affected physical properties of the material, influencing elasticity. For example, sonication increased the elasticity of the 100% IESBO sample for both tip amplitudes from 435.9 ± 173.3 Pa to 72735.0 ± 9547.9 Pa for the nonsonicated and sonicated samples using 108 μm of amplitude, respectively. However, sonication only increased the elasticity in the 50% sample when used at the higher power level of 108 μm from 564.2 ± 175.2 Pa to 21774.0 ± 5694.9 Pa, and it did not affect the elasticity of the 20% IESBO samples. These results show that the level of saturation and the degree of supercooling affect sonication efficiency.Practical ApplicationsHigh‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) has been used as a novel method for changing the crystallization behavior of fats. HIU can be used to improve the physical properties of trans‐free fats that are low in saturated fatty acids. Although recent studies have proven the effectiveness of this method to induce crystallization, the process must still be optimized to the industrial setting. All process parameters should be considered during the application of HIU, as they directly affect the final product. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of HIU and process conditions such as tip amplitude, degree of supercooling, and saturation level on the crystallization behavior of commercial interesterified soybean oil.
Axial and cellular heterogeneity in electrolyte transport pathways along the thick ascending limb
Authors: Dimke H. , Schnermann J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe thick ascending limb (TAL) extends from the border of the inner medulla to the renal cortex, thus ascending through regions with wide differences in tissue solute and electrolyte concentrations. Structural and functional differences between TAL cells in the medulla (mTAL) and the cortex (cTAL) would therefore be useful to adapt TAL transport function to a changing external fluid composition. While mechanisms common to all TAL cells play a central role in the reclamation of about 25% of the NaCl filtered by the kidney, morphological features, Na+/ K+‐ATPase activity, NKCC2 splicing and phosphorylation do vary between segments and cells. The TAL contributes to K+ homeostasis and TAL cells with high or low basolateral K+ conductances have been identified which may be involved in K+ reabsorption and secretion respectively. Although transport rates for do not differ between mTAL and cTAL, divergent axial and cellular expression of H+ transport proteins in TAL have been documented. The reabsorption of the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ is highest in cTAL and paralleled by differences in divalent cation permeability and the expression of select claudins. Morphologically, two cell types with different cell surface phenotypes have been described that still need to be linked to specific functional characteristics. The unique external environment and its change along the longitudinal axis require an axial functional heterogeneity for the TAL to optimally participate in conserving electrolyte homeostasis. Despite substantial progress in understanding TAL function, there are still considerable knowledge gaps that are just beginning to become bridged.
Improving Medication Safety in Psychiatry – A Controlled Intervention Study of Nurse Involvement in Avoidance of Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions
Authors: Soerensen Ann L. , Lisby Marianne , Nielsen Lars P. , Poulsen Birgitte K. , Mainz Jan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this controlled, before‐and‐after study in the Department of Psychiatry in a university hospital in Denmark was to examine the potential effects and characteristics of nurses reviewing psychiatric patients’ medication records to identify potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs). The control group and the intervention group each consisted of two bed units chosen based on patients’ diagnoses and age categories. There were 396 patients (age ≥18 years) included in the study. Senior clinical pharmacology physicians performed medication reviews for all patients in the study; these medication reviews were considered gold standard. The intervention group: nurses were given a pharmacology course after which the nurses reviewed medication lists and subsequently conferred any identified PIPs with physicians. The control group: medication was reviewed as usual and nurses did not participate. Primary outcome measure was the potential difference in PIPs between the control group and the intervention group, analysed in two ways: (i) difference in mean number of PIPs and (ii) difference in number of patients exposed to ≥1 PIP, using regression analysis with an approximated difference‐in‐difference (DID) approach. Secondary outcome measure was characteristics of PIPs where physicians responded to nurse‐identified PIPs. The DID between intervention group and control group for mean number of PIPs per patient was −0.23 (−1.07 to 0.60), and for number of patients receiving ≥1 PIP, the odds ratio was 0.61 (0.25 to 1.46). Physicians changed most prescriptions in the category interaction between drugs. Nurses could not significantly reduce the prevalence of PIPs for psychiatric patients.
Emotional food cravings predicts poor short‐term weight loss following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Janse Van Vuuren Michéle A. , Strodl Esben , White Katherine M. , Lockie Philip D. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) incidence has increased worldwide. However, a proportion of patients achieve inadequate weight loss and some experience weight regain. Little is known of the influence of eating beliefs and behaviours in response to cravings on early weight loss trajectory. This study aimed to identify the post‐surgery eating cravings that predicted patients not achieving excess weight loss outcome (EWL) at 6–8 months post‐LSG.DesignA total of 106 (80.7% female) participants who underwent LSG from four sites completed the questionnaires at 4–6 weeks post‐bariatric surgery and 6 months post‐LSG. Achieving <40% EWL at 6‐month follow‐up was included as the outcome variable, and the nine subscales of the Food Cravings Questionnaire‐Trait version (FCQ‐T) were included as potential predictors of that change.MethodsLogistic regression was used to examine the relationship between EWL and the nine subscales of the FCQ‐T (intentions to eat, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, lack of control, preoccupation with food, feelings of hunger, negative affect, emotions experienced before or during food cravings or eating, and guilty feelings).ResultsParticipants lost an average 64% EWL (SD = 21% EWL) 6–8 months after LSG surgery. Results indicated the overall model was significant and, of the nine variables, the emotional food craving subscale (adjusted OR = 4.19, p = .018) predicted a failure to achieve EWL.ConclusionEmotional food cravings experienced 4–6 weeks following LSG may predict poor weight loss outcomes at 6 months.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide.

Bariatric surgery is currently the most viable and cost‐effective treatment for obesity and shows sustainability.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is now the most common procedure.

Not all patients achieve excess weight loss outcome (EWL) following LSG.

What does this study add?

Emotional food cravings contribute to weight loss outcomes at 6 months’ post‐LSG surgery.

Emotional food cravings may be a maladaptive coping mechanism that represents important area for early psychological intervention.