bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated pest management programmes increase natural enemies of pear psylla in Central Washington pear orchards
Authors: DuPont Sara Tianna , John Strohm Christopher 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNatural enemies are a potentially important component of successful integrated pest management in Pacific Northwest pear orchards. Producers in Washington have dealt with difficult pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), pressure and waning product effectiveness for decades. This study finds that integrated pest management (IPM) programmes can sustain high levels of natural enemies comparable to organic management. True bugs Deraeocoris brevis (Knight) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), lacewings Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Chrysopa nigricornis and the parasitic wasp Trechnites insidiosus (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) increased in abundance under IPM management. Biological‐based IPM programmes have the potential to conserve natural enemies providing biological control in late summer when conventional sprays often fail due to pesticide resistance and inability to penetrate dense canopies.
Influence of Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, faecal microbiota and faecal score in weanling pigs
Authors: Wang Huan , Kim Kun Phil , Kim In Ho 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the influence of Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, faecal microbiota and faecal score in weanling pigs. A total of 120 weaning pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc; 7.73 ± 0.75 kg (28 days of age)] were randomly allotted into three treatments according to their initial body weight (BW) and gender in a 6‐week experiment. There were 8 replication pens in each treatment, with five pigs/pen. Dietary treatment groups were as follows: (a) basal diet (CON), (b) CON + 0.1% Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 1 × 108 CFU/kg (T1) and (c) CON + 0.1% Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 1 × 109 CFU/kg (T2). Days 1 to 7, the BW and ADG with T2 treatment were higher (p < .05) than CON treatment, as well as F:G showed trends in linear reduction (p < .1). Days 8 to 21, the BW and ADG were improved (p < .05) in pigs offered T1 and T2 diets compared with CON diet. Days 22 to 42, BW and ADG were higher (p < .05) in pigs fed T2 diet than CON and T1 diets, and the pigs fed T1 diet had higher BW than CON treatment. Overall, the ADG with the T2 treatment was higher (p < .05) than that with the T1 and CON treatments, and pigs offered T1 treatment had higher (p < .05) ADG than CON treatment. Moreover, F:G ratio were significantly decreased (p < .05) by T2 treatment compared with CON treatment. The faecal Lactobacillus counts were improved, and E. coli counts were reduced (p < .05) in pigs fed T2 diet compared with CON at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.1% Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 1 × 109 CFU/kg has shown a beneficial effect in improving BW, increase ADG, decrease F:G ratio.
Food and drug allergy, and anaphylaxis in EAACI journals (2018)
Authors: Eigenmann Philippe A. , Akdis Cezmi , Bousquet Jean , Grattan Clive E. , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Jutel Marek 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) supports three journals: “Allergy,” “Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (PAI),” and “Clinical and Translational Allergy (CTA).” One of the major goals of EAACI is to support health promotion in which prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role and to disseminate the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI junior members. This paper summarizes the achievements of 2018 in anaphylaxis, and food and drug allergy. Main topics that have been focused are anaphylaxis, mechanisms of food allergy (FA), epidemiology of FA, food allergens, diagnosis of FA, prevention and control of FA, FA immunotherapy, drug allergy, and political agenda.
An Analytical and Experimental Study of SC-CNN-Based Simple Nonautonomous Chaotic Circuit
Authors: Shameem Banu H. , Sheik Uduman P. S. , Thamilmaran K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, we report an explicit analytical solution of state-controlled cellular neural network (SC-CNN) based second-order nonautonomous system. The proposed system is modeled with an aid of a generalized two-state-controlled cellular neural network (CNN) equations and experimentally realized by imposing a suitable connection of simple two-state-controlled generalized CNN cells following the report of Swathi et al. [2014]. The chaotic and quasi-periodic dynamics observed from this system have been investigated through an analytical approach for the first time. The intriguing dynamics observed from the system where further substantiated by phase portraits, Poincaré map, power spectra, and “0−1 test.” We trace the transition of the system from periodic to chaos through analytical solutions, which are in good agreement with hardware experiments. Additionally, we show PSpice circuit simulation results for validating our analytical and experimental studies.
Invisible medicine sellers and their use of antibiotics: a qualitative study in Cambodia
Authors: Suy Sovanthida , Rego Sonia , Bory Sothavireak , Chhorn Sophea , Phou Socheata , Prien Chanra , Heng Sotheara , Wu Shishi , Legido-Quigley Helena , Hanefeld Johanna , Saphonn Vonthanak , Khan Mishal S 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundGlobal attention to antimicrobial resistance has increased interest in tackling the widespread inappropriate dispensing of antibiotics by informal, for-profit healthcare providers (HCPs). We provide new evidence on an understudied group of informal HCPs: invisible medicine sellers (IMS) who operate without any marked facility. We investigated factors that influence community decisions on which HCPs to purchase medicines from, focusing on reasons for using IMS, and compared different HCPs’ knowledge of antibiotic use.MethodsWe conducted community focus group discussions (FGDs) in seven purposively selected villages representing high and low informal HCPs use in two peri-urban districts in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Using information from the FGDs to identify HCPs that sell medicines, we interviewed 35 participants: 21 HCPs (including five IMS) and 14 key informants, including government HCPs and village leaders. We adopted an interpretative approach and conducted a thematic analysis.ResultsCommunity members typically knew of several formal and informal HCPs selling medicines nearby, and IMS were common, as were doctors that sell medicines covertly. Two factors were most salient in influencing the choice of HCP for medicine purchasing. The first was trust in the effectiveness of medicines provided, judged by the speed of symptomatic relief. This pushed HCPs to provide several medicines, including antibiotics, at the first consultation. The second was the convenience offered by IMS and other informal HCPs: supplying medicines when other facilities are closed, accepting delayed payments, providing incomplete courses of medication and selling human antibiotics for animal use.ConclusionThis first study focusing on IMS indicates that it is important, but challenging, for public health agencies to engage with them to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics. Although public health facilities must fill some gaps that informal HCPs are currently addressing, such as access to medicines at night, reducing demand for unnecessary antibiotics is also critical.
Feasibility study to assess the impact of a lifestyle intervention (‘LivingWELL’) in people having an assessment of their family history of colorectal or breast cancer
Authors: Anderson Annie S , Dunlop Jacqueline , Gallant Stephanie , Macleod Maureen , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Mutrie Nanette , O’Carroll Ronan E , Stead Martine , Steele Robert J C , Taylor Rod S , Vinnicombe Sarah , Berg Jonathan 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a weight management (WM) programme for overweight patients with a family history (FH) of breast cancer (BC) or colorectal cancer (CRC).Study designA two-arm (intervention vs usual care) randomised controlled trial.SettingNational Health Service (NHS) Tayside and NHS Grampian.ParticipantsPeople with a FH of BC or CRC aged≥18 years and body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2referred to NHS genetic services.InterventionParticipants were randomised to a control (lifestyle booklet) or 12-week intervention arm where they were given one face-to-face counselling session, four telephone consultations and web-based support. A goal of 5% reduction in body weight was set, and a personalised diet and physical activity (PA) programme was provided. Behavioural change techniques (motivational interviewing, action and coping plans and implementation intentions) were used.Primary outcomeFeasibility measures: recruitment, programme implementation, fidelity measures, achieved measurements and retention, participant satisfaction assessed by questionnaire and qualitative interviews.Secondary outcomesMeasured changes in weight and PA and reported diet and psychosocial measures between baseline and 12-week follow-up.ResultsOf 480 patients approached, 196 (41%) expressed interest in the study, and of those, 78 (40%) patients were randomised. Implementation of the programme was challenging within the time allotted and fidelity to the intervention modest (62%). Qualitative findings indicated the programme was well received. Questionnaires and anthropometric data were completed by >98%. Accelerometer data were attained by 84% and 54% at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Retention at 12 weeks was 76%. Overall, 36% of the intervention group (vs 0% in control) achieved 5% weight loss. Favourable increases in PA and reduction in dietary fat were also reported.ConclusionsA lifestyle programme for people with a family history of cancer is feasible to conduct and acceptable to participants, and indicative results suggest favourable outcomes.Trial registration numberISRCTN13123470; Pre-results.
Community level socioeconomic status association with surgical outcomes and resource utilisation in a regional cohort: a prospective registry analysis
Authors: Mehaffey J Hunter , Hawkins Robert B , Charles Eric J , Turrentine Florence E , Kaplan Brian , Fogel Sandy , Harris Charles , Reines David , Posadas Jorge , Ailawadi Gorav , Hanks John B , Hallowell Peter T , Jones R Scott 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundSocioeconomic status affects surgical outcomes, however these factors are not included in clinical quality improvement data and risk models. We performed a prospective registry analysis to determine if the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), a composite socioeconomic ranking by zip code, could predict risk-adjusted surgical outcomes and resource utilisation.MethodsAll patients undergoing surgery (n=44,451) in a regional quality improvement database (American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program ACS-NSQIP) were paired with DCI, ranging from 0–100 (low to high distress) and accounting for unemployment, education level, poverty rate, median income, business growth and housing vacancies. The top quartile of distress was compared to the remainder of the cohort and a mixed effects modeling evaluated ACS-NSQIP risk-adjusted association between DCI and the primary outcomes of surgical complications and resource utilisation.ResultsA total of 9369 (21.1%) patients came from severely distressed communities (DCI >75), who had higher rates of most medical comorbidities as well as transfer status (8.4% vs 4.8%, p<0.0001) resulting in higher ACS-NSQIP predicted risk of any complication (8.0% vs 7.1%, p<0.0001). Patients from severely distressed communities had increased 30-day mortality (1.8% vs 1.4%, p=0.01), postoperative complications (9.8% vs 8.5%, p<0.0001), hospital readmission (7.7 vs 6.8, p<0.0001) and resource utilisation. DCI was independently associated with postoperative complications (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.10, p<0.0001) as well as resource utilisation after adjusting for ACS-NSQIP predicted riskConclusionIncreasing Distressed Communities Index is associated with increased postoperative complications and resource utilisation even after ACS-NSQIP risk adjustment. These findings demonstrate a disparity in surgical outcomes based on community level socioeconomic factors, highlighting the continued need for public health innovation and policy initiatives.
Spanning Properties of Yao and 𝜃-Graphs in the Presence of Constraints
Authors: Bose Prosenjit , van Renssen André 
Published: September 2019

We present improved upper bounds on the spanning ratio of constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs with at least 6 cones and constrained Yao-graphs with 5 or at least 7 cones. Given a set of points in the plane, a Yao-graph partitions the plane around each vertex into [Formula: see text] disjoint cones, each having aperture [Formula: see text], and adds an edge to the closest vertex in each cone. Constrained Yao-graphs have the additional property that no edge properly intersects any of the given line segment constraints. Constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs are similar to constrained Yao-graphs, but use a different method to determine the closest vertex. We present tight bounds on the spanning ratio of a large family of constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs. We show that constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs with [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] and integer) cones have a tight spanning ratio of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. We also present improved upper bounds on the spanning ratio of the other families of constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs. These bounds match the current upper bounds in the unconstrained setting. We also show that constrained Yao-graphs with an even number of cones ([Formula: see text]) have spanning ratio at most [Formula: see text] and constrained Yao-graphs with an odd number of cones ([Formula: see text]) have spanning ratio at most [Formula: see text]. As is the case with constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs, these bounds match the current upper bounds in the unconstrained setting, which implies that like in the unconstrained setting using more cones can make the spanning ratio worse.
ALK and RET Inhibitors Promote HLA Class I Antigen Presentation and Unmask New Antigens within the Tumor Immunopeptidome
Authors: Oh Claire Y. , Klatt Martin G. , Bourne Christopher , Dao Tao , Dacek Megan M. , Brea Elliott J. , Mun Sung Soo , Chang Aaron Y. , Korontsvit Tatyana , Scheinberg David A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractT-cell immunotherapies are often thwarted by the limited presentation of tumor-specific antigens abetted by the downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA). We showed that drugs inhibiting ALK and RET produced dose-related increases in cell-surface HLA in tumor cells bearing these mutated kinases in vitro and in vivo, as well as elevated transcript and protein expression of HLA and other antigen-processing machinery. Subsequent analysis of HLA-presented peptides after ALK and RET inhibitor treatment identified large changes in the immunopeptidome with the appearance of hundreds of new antigens, including T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP) peptides. ALK inhibition additionally decreased PD-L1 levels by 75%. Therefore, these oncogenes may enhance cancer formation by allowing tumors to evade the immune system by downregulating HLA expression. Altogether, RET and ALK inhibitors could enhance T-cell–based immunotherapies by upregulating HLA, decreasing checkpoint blockade ligands, and revealing new, immunogenic, cancer-associated antigens.
Antiplatelet Therapy After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Murthy Santosh B. , Biffi Alessandro , Falcone Guido J. , Sansing Lauren H. , Torres Lopez Victor , Navi Babak B. , Roh David J. , Mandava Pitchaiah , Hanley Daniel F. , Ziai Wendy C. , Kamel Hooman , Rosand Jonathan , Sheth Kevin N. ,   on behalf of the VISTA-ICH Collaborators, Butcher K. , Davis S. , Gregson B. , Lees K.R. , Lyden P. , Mayer S. , Muir K. , Steiner T. 
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—
Observational data suggest that antiplatelet therapy after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) alleviates thromboembolic risk without increasing the risk of recurrent ICH. Given the paucity of data on the relationship between antiplatelet therapy after ICH and functional outcomes, we aimed to study this association in a multicenter cohort.

Methods—
We meta-analyzed data from (1) the Massachusetts General Hospital ICH registry (n=1854), (2) the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive database (n=762), and (3) the Yale stroke registry (n=185). Our exposure was antiplatelet therapy after ICH, which was modeled as a time-varying covariate. Our primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of major disability or death (modified Rankin Scale score 4–6). We used Cox proportional regression analyses to estimate the hazard ratio of death or poor functional outcome as a function of antiplatelet therapy and random-effects meta-analysis to pool the estimated HRs across studies. Additional analyses stratified by hematoma location (lobar and deep ICH) were performed.

Results—
We included a total of 2801 ICH patients, of whom 288 (10.3%) were started on antiplatelet medications after ICH. Median times to antiplatelet therapy ranged from 7 to 39 days. Antiplatelet therapy after ICH was not associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.66–1.09), or death or major disability (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59–1.16) compared with patients not started on antiplatelet therapy. Similar results were obtained in additional analyses stratified by hematoma location.

Conclusions—
Antiplatelet therapy after ICH appeared safe and was not associated with all-cause mortality or functional outcome, regardless of hematoma location. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the effects and harms of antiplatelet therapy after ICH.
Work and Material Creation in the Teaching of R. Joseph B. Soloveitchik
Authors: Mashiach Amir 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Rabbi Joseph Ber Halevi Soloveitchik (1903–1993), one of the most prominent religious Zionist rabbis as well as the leader of Modern Jewish Orthodoxy in the U.S., presented a theologically consistent approach to the issue of work and material production, to which he ascribed a religious value. His leading principle in his consideration of work and material production emerged from the Halakhic dictum, “You shall walk in His ways,” a commandment that demands that human beings follow the ways of God, emulating His actions and His attributes. In Rabbi Soiloveitchik’s view, just as God worked to fashion the world of matter, so must man work, take action, and create.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Real-World Episodes in Complex Terrain Based on ERA-Reanalysis and Validated by Ground-Based Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Hald Cornelius , Zeeman Matthias , Laux Patrick , Mauder Matthias , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA computationally efficient and inexpensive approach for using the capabilities of large-eddy simulations (LES) to model small-scale local weather phenomena is presented. The setup uses the LES capabilities of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-LES) on a single domain that is directly driven by reanalysis data as boundary conditions. The simulated area is an example for complex terrain, and the employed parameterizations are chosen in a way to represent realistic conditions during two 48-h periods while still keeping the required computing time around 105 CPU hours. We show by evaluating turbulence characteristics that the model results conform to results from typical LES. A comparison with ground-based remote sensing data from a triple Doppler-lidar setup, employed during the “ScaleX” campaigns, shows the grade of adherence of the results to the measured local weather conditions. The representation of mesoscale phenomena, including nocturnal low-level jets, strongly depends on the temporal and spatial resolution of the meteorological boundary conditions used to drive the model. Small-scale meteorological features that are induced by the terrain, such as katabatic flows, are present in the simulated output as well as in the measured data. This result shows that the four-dimensional output of WRF-LES simulations for a real area and real episode can be technically realized, allowing a more comprehensive and detailed view of the micrometeorological conditions than can be achieved with measurements alone.
Humility before New Scientific Evidence: We No Longer Have Moral Certainty that “Brain Death” Is True Death
Authors: Alexander Irene 
Published: September 2019

In light of the current medical evidence, physicians and ethicists no longer have the moral certainty that Pope John Paul II deemed vital for vital organ transplantation. The current medical evidence suggests that some brain-dead patients do seem to exhibit signs of global integration. This article will analyze the interpretations of this evidence, both from ethicists for and against the neurological criteria. Even the strongest arguments in favor of the neurological criteria in light of the new evidence fail to prove that the patient with total brain failure (TBF) has died. Furthermore, the recent Jahi McMath case demonstrates a new and alarming reality that there is no way in practice to distinguish global ischemic penumbra from TBF. In the absence of the moral certainty required by Pope John Paul II, it is clear that the Catholic Church should immediately call for a halt on vital organ transplantation. Summary: This article analyzes the current medical evidence about brain death and argues that we have lost the moral certainty that Pope John Paul II deemed necessary for vital organ transplantation.
Seeing like the Missionary: An Iconography of Education in Mysore, 1840–1920
Authors: Nair Janaki 
Published: September 2019

Missionaries working in Mysore, as elsewhere in India, took enthusiastically to the new art of photography from the 1840s, to record their ‘views’ of the society they undertook to transform. Evangelising was, however, early on, allied with education as a way for missionaries to make their way into a complex, hierarchical society with learning traditions of its own. How did the missionary ‘see’ the Indian classroom, and invite the viewer of their photographs to participate in its narrative of ‘improvement’? What was the place of the photograph at a time when meticulous written records were kept of victories and reverses in the mission field of education? Revealing the work of the photograph in aiding missionary work must perforce begin with the more instrumentalist uses of this new art, as technologies of recording par excellence, before turning to the possible ways of looking at photographs, whether by those contemporaries of the missionaries who were physically distanced from the location, and were yet linked to their work in India, or when they formed part of the contemporary historian’s archive. Here one may exploit photography’s ‘inexhaustible invitations to deduction, speculation and fantasy’ instead of its truth-telling capacity. I am precisely posing a dynamic and perhaps even antagonistic relationship between the copious written and the sparser visual record of educational changes in Mysore in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This investigation of the visual field in the service of education also allows us also to speculate about the specific aesthetic achievements of missionary photography, with its own pedagogic goals.