bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of intracranial arterial blood flow using noncontrast enhanced 4D dynamic MR angiography
Authors: Shao Xingfeng , Zhao Ziwei , Russin Jonathan , Amar Arun , Sanossian Nerses , Wang Danny JJ , Yan Lirong 
Published: March 2019

PurposeNoncontrast enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance angiography delineates the pattern of dynamic blood flow of the cerebral vasculature. A model‐free solution was proposed to quantify arterial blood flow (aBF) by using the monotonic property of the residual function.Theory and MethodsAnalytical simulations and in‐vivo studies were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method by comparing the aBF values generated from the proposed and conventional singular value decomposition methods. The aBF values were compared with blood flow velocity measured by 2D phase contrast MRI, and compared between balanced steady‐state free precession–based radial and spoiled GRE‐based Cartesian acquisitions. Hemodynamic parametric maps were generated in 1 patient with arteriovenous malformation.ResultsThe proposed method generates reliable aBF measurement at different signal‐to‐noise ratio levels, whereas overestimation/underestimation of aBF was observed when a high/low threshold was applied in the singular value decomposition method. Average aBF in large vascular branches was 214.4 and 214.5 mL/mL/min with radial and Cartesian acquisitions, respectively. Significant correlations were found between aBF and blood flow velocity measured by phase contrast MRI (P = 0.0008), and between Cartesian and radial acquisitions (P < 0.0001). Altered hemodynamics were observed at the lesion site of the arteriovenous malformation patient.ConclusionA robust analytical solution was proposed for quantifying aBF. This model‐free method is robust to noise, and its clinical value in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders awaits further evaluation.
The effects of fantastical television content on Chinese preschoolers’ executive function
Authors: Jiang Ying , Fu Rui , Xing Shufen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLiterature has indicated the mixed impact of television content on the executive function (EF) of preschoolers. This study investigated the short‐term impact of TV fantastical events on children's EF performance and whether these impacts were different between boys and girls. This study included 143 preschoolers (Mage = 5.88 years, SDage = 0.32 years) and their parents. Participating children were randomly assigned to three groups to watch cartoons of high‐fantasy, mid‐fantasy, and low‐fantasy, and then requested to perform on a series of EF tasks. The results revealed the nonlinear pattern for the effects of fantasy on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. Specifically, children in the mid‐fantasy group did worst on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility and no significant group differences were found in working memory. However, no conclusive evidence existed to prove the moderating role of gender on the relationship between fantastical events and EF. Finally, the implications of the findings and future directions are discussed.
Interventions for the treatment of cancer‐related traumatic stress symptoms: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Dimitrov Lilia , Moschopoulou Elisavet , Korszun Ania 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveCancer has been reported to trigger symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a substantial proportion of individuals. Despite the significant burden associated with these symptoms, there are as yet no therapeutic guidelines. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for cancer‐related post‐traumatic stress in order to provide an evidence base for developing appropriate clinical practice.MethodsDatabases searched until April 2018 included Psych INFO, EMBASE, Medline, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). No restrictions to study design were applied. Participants aged 18 years or older who received their cancer diagnosis in adulthood and had symptoms of cancer‐related PTSD were included. Because of significant clinical heterogeneity, a meta‐analysis was not performed.ResultsOf 508 unique titles, eight studies met study inclusion criteria: five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one before‐and‐after study, one case series, and one case study. Interventions were predominately psychological and were administered to patients with a range of cancer types. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and cognitive behavioural therapy‐based interventions were associated with reduced symptomatology; however, overall the methodological quality of studies had limitations.ConclusionsAt present, there is only weak evidence available for the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing symptoms of cancer‐related PTSD. The majority of interventions were administered to all cancer patients regardless of whether they showed pretreatment levels of post‐traumatic stress. Future studies would be better targeted towards patients with a diagnosis of cancer and who have significant levels of cancer‐related post‐traumatic symptoms. Higher quality trials are also needed before treatment recommendations can be made.
Robotic fenestration of massive liver cysts using EndoWrist technology
Authors: Tsirlis Theodoros , Thakkar Rohan , Sen Gourab , Logue Jennifer , Robinson Stuart , French Jeremy Joules , White Steven Alan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe present the short‐term outcomes of robotic fenestration of symptomatic liver cysts using the EndoWrist One Vessel Sealer.MethodsData from patients who underwent robotic deroofing were collected and analysed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 17 patients were treated. Mean cyst size was 14 cm (median 15 cm, range 6.3‐24). Seven cysts were in posterosuperior or central segments. There were no mortalities or conversions. Blood loss was minimal in all but one case of 200 ml. Mean operating time was 174 minutes (median 170 min, range 97‐335). Mean hospital stay was 2.5 days (median 2 days, range 1‐10). One patient developed a bile leak requiring ERCP. There are no recurrences with a median follow‐up of 19 months.ConclusionRobotic fenestration can be safely performed and offers distinct advantages over the laparoscopic approach in the treatment of posterosuperior and perihilar cysts at the expense of longer operating times and increased cost.
Adsorption of Bovine Hemoglobin by Sulfonated Polystyrene Nanospheres
Authors: Ge Moyan , Shen Yi , Chen Weiming , Peng Yaotian , Pan Ziyan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, the authors attempted to present a detailed study on the adsorption of bovine hemoglobin (BHB) by sulfonated polystyrene nanospheres (SPS NSs). The adsorption characteristics including adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied in detail. The adsorption isotherms were better fitted by the Langmuir model, leading to a remarkable adsorption capacity of 2831.4 mg g−1. Such an adsorption capacity is among the highest values reported in the literature. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed by the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intra‐particle diffusion equations. The thermodynamic parameters including binding site, binding affinity, and changes of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry measurements. The electrostatic interaction of BHB and SPS NSs was identified as the major adsorption mechanism. The effects of solution pH, temperature and competitive metal ions in the adsorption process were studied. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy of the adsorption process was determined to be 2.34 kJ mol−1.
Nonsacrificial Self‐Template Synthesis of Colloidal Magnetic Yolk–Shell Mesoporous Organosilicas for Efficient Oil/Water Interface Catalysis
Authors: Yu Lei , Pan Panpan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yi , Wan Li , Cheng Xiaowei , Deng Yonghui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing interfacial reaction systems for biphasic catalytic reactions is attracting more and more attention due to their simple reaction process and low environmental pollution. Yolk–shell structured materials have broad applications in biomedicine, catalysis, and environmental remediation owing to their open channels and large space for guest molecules. Conventional methods to obtain yolk–shell mesoporous materials rely on costly and complex hard‐template strategies. In this study, a mild and convenient nonsacrificial self‐template strategy is developed to construct yolk–shell magnetic periodic mesoporous organosilica (YS‐mPMO) particles by using the unique swelling–deswelling property of low‐crosslinking density resorcinol formaldehyde (RF). The obtained YS‐mPMO microspheres possess an amphiphilic outer shell, high surface area (393 m2 g−1), uniform mesopores (2.58 nm), a tunable middle hollow space (50–156 nm), and high superparamagnetism (34.4–37.1 emu g−1). By tuning the synthesis conditions, heterojunction structured yolk–shell Fe3O4@RF@void@PMO particles with different morphologies can be produced. Owing to the amphipathy of PMO framworks, the YS‐mPMO particles show great emulsion stabilization ability and recyclability under a magnetic field. YS‐mPMO microspheres with immobilized Au nanoparticles (≈3 nm) act as both solid emulsifier for dispersing styrene (St) in water and interface catalysts for selective conversion of St into styrene oxide with a high selectivity of 86%, and yields of over 97%.
A review of past and projected changes in Australia's rainfall
Authors: Dey Raktima , Lewis Sophie C. , Arblaster Julie M. , Abram Nerilie J. 
Published: March 2019

There has been much attention given to the spatial and temporal characteristics of changes in mean and extreme rainfall over Australia during the past century. As Australia is the second driest continent on Earth, reliable projections around the trends and variability in future rainfall are crucial for policymakers and water resource management. This article comprehensively reviews the current published literature on trends in Australia's rainfall from pre‐instrumental and instrumental records, the climatic drivers of Australia's rainfall variability, attribution of the long‐term trends, extreme rainfall attribution methods with particular reference to a recent case study (2010–2012 east Australia rainfall event) and projected changes of mean and extreme rainfall over Australia during the 21st century. Notable trends in the observational record of rainfall in Australia are a decrease in mean rainfall in southwest and southeast Australia and an increase in northwest Australia since 1950. The general consensus of research into Australia's future rainfall is that mean rainfall will continue to decrease in southwest Australia in a warming world, while changes over northern and eastern Australia remain uncertain. There are still significant knowledge gaps around the causes of observed trends in rainfall both in the mean and extremes, the ability of climate models to accurately represent rainfall in the Australian region and future rainfall projections. These gaps are identified, and avenues for future research directions are proposed.This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Outcomes of young people who reach the transition boundary of child and adolescent mental health services: a systematic review
Authors: Appleton Rebecca , Connell Catriona , Fairclough Emma , Tuomainen Helena , Singh Swaran P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhen young people reach the upper age limit of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), care should be transferred to an adult mental health service (AMHS) if they require ongoing support. However, many young people experience a significant disruption of their care during this transition, whilst others may fail to transition at all. Currently, there is no systematic appraisal of the international evidence regarding the outcomes of young people after transition. A systematic review was conducted which aimed to synthesise and review the existing research regarding outcomes after transition. We searched six databases from their inception until December 2017 for research relating to either the mental health or service use outcomes of young people after reaching their CAMHS age boundary. Results were synthesised narratively. The initial searches identified 18,287 papers, of which 213 were screened on full text. 13 papers were included in the review, representing 10 cohorts of young people who crossed the transition age boundary. No studies contained extractable data on mental health outcomes following transition, and therefore, this review focused only on service use outcomes. Results showed a quarter of young people transitioned to AMHS, with the other young people experiencing varied outcomes after leaving CAMHS and multiple transitions during this time. This review provides evidence for the varying service use outcomes of young people after reaching the upper age limit of CAMHS. However, longitudinal research into long-term outcomes is lacking, in addition to research regarding the mental health and functioning outcomes of young people following transition.Protocol registration The protocol for this systematic review has been registered with PROSPERO, ID number CRD42018085916.
Effects of diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin treatment onBrugia malayigene expression in infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Maclean Mary J. , Lorenz W. Walter , Dzimianski Michael T. , Anna Christopher , Moorhead Andrew R. , Reaves Barbara J. , Wolstenholme Adrian J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLymphatic filariasis (LF) threatens nearly 20% of the world's population and has handicapped one-third of the 120 million people currently infected. Current control and elimination programs for LF rely on mass drug administration of albendazole plus diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin. Only the mechanism of action of albendazole is well understood. To gain a better insight into antifilarial drug actionin vivo, we treated gerbils harbouring patentBrugia malayiinfections with 6 mg kg−1DEC, 0.15 mg kg−1ivermectin or 1 mg kg−1albendazole. Treatments had no effect on the numbers of worms present in the peritoneal cavity of treated animals, so effects on gene expression were a direct result of the drug and not complicated by dying parasites. Adults and microfilariae were collected 1 and 7 days post-treatment and RNA isolated for transcriptomic analysis. The experiment was repeated three times. Ivermectin treatment produced the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 113. DEC treatment yielded 61 DEGs. Albendazole treatment resulted in little change in gene expression, with only 6 genes affected. In total, nearly 200 DEGs were identified with little overlap between treatment groups, suggesting that these drugs may interfere in different ways with processes important for parasite survival, development, and reproduction.
Late onset of the Holocene rainfall maximum in northeastern China inferred from a pollen record from the sediments of Tianchi Crater Lake
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Zhan Tao , Zhou Xinying , Wu Haibin , Li Qin , Zhao Chao , Qiao Yansong , Jiang Shiwei , Tu Luyao , Ma Yongfa , Zhang Jun , Jiang Xia , Lou Benjun , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhou Xin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe timing of the Holocene summer monsoon maximum (HSMM) in northeastern China has been much debated and more quantitative precipitation records are needed to resolve the issue. In the present study, Holocene precipitation and temperature changes were quantitatively reconstructed from a pollen record from the sediments of Tianchi Crater Lake in northeastern China using a plant functional type-modern analogue technique (PFT-MAT). The reconstructed precipitation record indicates a gradual increase during the early to mid-Holocene and a HSMM at ~5500–3100 cal yr BP, while the temperature record exhibits a divergent pattern with a marked rise in the early Holocene and a decline thereafter. The trend of reconstructed precipitation is consistent with that from other pollen records in northeastern China, confirming the relatively late occurrence of the HSMM in the region. However, differences in the onset of the HSMM within northeastern China are also evident. No single factor appears to be responsible for the late occurrence of the HSMM in northeastern China, pointing to a potentially complex forcing mechanism of regional rainfall in the East Asian monsoon region. We suggest that further studies are needed to understand the spatiotemporal pattern of the HSMM in the region.
Time-like detonation in presence of magnetic field
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Mallick Ritam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study the effect of magnetic field in an implosion process achieved by radiation. A time-varying sinusoidal magnetic field is seen to affect the continuous transition of space-like detonation to time-like detonation at the core of implosion region. The oscillating varying magnetic field has a significant effect in increasing the volume of the time-like detonation of the core of implosion and also modifies the time of the implosion process. This transition can have significant outcome both theoretically and experimentally in the areas of high-energy hadronization of quark–gluon plasma matter and inertial confinement fusion efforts of fuels.
Emission of noble gases and their mixtures with lithium excited by the products of the 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction
Authors: Gordienko Yu. N. , Khasenov M. U. , Batyrbekov E. G. , Samarkhanov K. K. , Ponkratov Yu. V. , Amrenov A. K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch results of luminescence spectra of noble gases and Ar–Xe, Ar–Kr, and Kr–Xe mixtures under the excitation by products of nuclear reaction in the core of a stationary nuclear reactor with 0.87 × 1014 n/cm2s thermal neutron flux are described in the article. The emission spectra of noble gases are similar to the obtained spectrum under the excitation by the 40Ar+7 ion beam from the DC-60 accelerator. Bands in spectra of the binary mixtures of noble gases are connected with the radiation on heteronuclear ion molecule transitions. The appearance of the lines of alkali metal atoms at the temperature increase of gas chamber is explained by sputtering of the lithium layer via nuclear reaction products as well as ionized and excited particles of the buffer gas.
An origami of genus 3 with arithmetic Kontsevich–Zorich monodromy
Authors: HUBERT PASCAL , SANTOS CARLOS MATHEUS 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this we exploit the arithmeticity criterion of Oh and Benoist–Miquel to exhibit an origami in the principal stratum of the moduli space of translation surfaces of genus three whose Kontsevich–Zorich monodromy is not thin in the sense of Sarnak.
Constitutional and Administrative Law in India*
Authors: Chandrachud D. Y. 
Published: March 2019

The Indian constitution contains in Part III, a Chapter on fundamental rights. The fundamental rights cover a broad spectrum, including•the right to life and personal liberty;•the right to equality and equal protection;•freedom of conscience;•the right to profess, practice and propagate religion;•freedom of association and assembly,•free movement within the territory of India, and•freedom to practice a profession, trade or business.The fundamental rights are not absolute because the freedoms that are recognized by Article 19 are subject to reasonable restrictions in a variety of contexts.
Prompt Release of Detained Foreign Vessels and Crews in Matters of Marine Environment Protection
Authors: Lindpere Heiki 
Published: March 2019

Article 292 of the United Nations 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Convention) reads:1. Where the authorities of a state party have detained a vessel flying the flag of another state party and it is alleged that the detaining state has not complied with the provisions of this Convention for the prompt release of the vessel or its crew upon posting of a reasonable bond or other financial security, the question of release from detention may be submitted to any court or tribunal agreed upon by the parties or, failing such agreement within 10 days from the time of detention, to a court or tribunal accepted by the detaining state under article 287 or to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, unless the parties otherwise agree.2. The application for release may be made only by or on behalf of the flag state of the vessel.3. The court or tribunal shall deal without delay with the application for release and shall deal only with the question of release, without prejudice to the merits of any case before the appropriate domestic forum against the vessel, its owner or its crew. The authorities of the detaining state remain competent to release the vessel or its crew at any time.4. Upon the posting of the bond or other financial security determined by the court or tribunal, the authorities of the detaining state shall comply promptly with the decision of the court or tribunal concerning the release of the vessel or its crew.
General Outlook on Turkish Librarianship: UNAK-Turkish Platform of Law Librarians
Authors: Çukadar Sami , Kahvecioğlu Kerem 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to give an overview of education of librarians, professional associations, publications and the types of libraries in Turkey. In addition, the activities of the Turkish Platform of Law Librarians and law librarianship in Turkey are presented.
Legal Information Seeking in a Time-Constrained Environment: A Conceptual Model for Lawyers
Authors: Chancellor Renate L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe acquisition of legal information is critical to how lawyers conduct their work. The use of information-seeking models as a theoretical lens to analyze user behavior has been exhausted in the scholarly literature. However, very few models illustrate the dynamic relationship between lawyer and information professional. Furthermore, these models do not consider the demands of accessing legal information in a time-constrained environment. This paper explores this phenomenon and proposes a model that aids in understanding how practitioners obtain legal information in a law firm environment.
Supreme Courts as Courts of General Original Jurisdiction
Authors: Kruger Stephen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn a common-law jurisdiction, “Supreme Court” is not always the name of a court of final appeal. There are 41 Supreme Courts and Supreme Courts of Judicature with general original jurisdiction. They cover 60 political units. In addition to general original jurisdiction, some of those courts have general appellate jurisdiction. There is a number of political units in which a second appellate consideration is possible.This article provides information about Supreme Courts and Supreme Courts of Judicature with general original jurisdiction. It includes a list with the names of the political units served by Supreme Courts or by Supreme Courts of Judicature with general original jurisdiction; a statement whether a Supreme Court or a Supreme Court of Judicature of a political unit has both general original jurisdiction and general appellate jurisdiction, or only general original jurisdiction; and further information.The goal of this article is to inform librarians, lawyers, solicitors, and barristers about the many court systems in the common-law world, in which the court of general original jurisdiction is named “Supreme Court” or “Supreme Court of Judicature.” Those courts are found in diverse political units, including Australian states and territories, Belize, Brunei, Canadian provinces and territories, Gibraltar, and Samoa. The oldest among them is the Supreme Court of New York, founded more than 300 years ago.