bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fizikalno-kemične značilnosti voda v zaledju Malenščice (Slovenija)
Authors: Kogovšek Janja 
Published: July 2019

Podane so osnovne fi zikalno-kemične značilnosti voda v zaledju Malenščice in povezave, ki jih nakazujejo. Dolomitna voda Cerkniščice odteka predvsem v Rak v Rakovem Škocjanu, Kotliči pa kažejo na povezavo s Svinjsko jamo in Malo Karlovico. Rak na ponoru predstavlja ob zelo nizkih vodostajih pretežno vodo Kotličev s Ca/Mg okoli 3,5 in z najnižjo vrednostjo 2,2 ob najnižjih vodostajih, ko v Svinjsko jamo ponika le Cerkniščica, kar se kasneje odrazi tudi v Malenščici. Ob visokih vodostajih v ponor odteka mešanica Raka in Kotličev s Ca/Mg okoli 4. Dotok voda iz doline Pivke označuje višje razmerje Ca/Mg in večje vrednosti pokazateljev onesnaženja, medtem ko označujejo infi ltracijsko vodo iz slabo prepustnega dela Javornikov vrednosti Ca/Mg okoli 5. Zaradi zapletenosti sistema ostaja še vrsta odprtih vprašanj, ki bi jih lahko pojasnile le dodatne raziskave. Basic physico-chemical properties of waters within the area of Malenščica are given, and so are the connections that they indicate. Dolomitic water of the Cerkniščica mostly fl ows into the Rak in Rakov Škocjan valley, while Kotliči springs show the connection with Svinjska jama (cave) and Mala Karlovica. When water levels are low the Rak river at its swallowhole mostly comprises waters from Kotliči, with Ca/Mg about 3, 5 and the lowest value 2,2 when the water levels are the lowest, when only the Cerkniščica sinks into Svinjska jama; this later reflects also in the water of the Malenščica. When water levels are high, the mixture of Rak and Kotliči fl ows into the swallowhole, and Ca/Mg is about 4. The infl ux of waters from Pivka Valley is designated by higher ratio of Ca/Mg and higher values of pollution indicators, when the infi ltration water from poorly conductive part of Javorniki is designated by Ca/Mg values about 5. Due to the complexity of the system there are still some unanswered questions left which can only be answered by carrying out additional researches.
The assessment of joint purchasing: Can too much ‘buying power’ ever be a problem
Authors: Anderson Paul , Fiandeiro Fatima , Choudhary Keshav 
Published: July 2019

The creation of ‘buying power’ through joint purchasing agreements is often seen as positive, with direct benefits for consumers in the form of lower prices. Even where joint purchasing agreements lead to the creation of a monopsonist, economic theory suggests that the welfare effects of monopsony power depend greatly on the market context, with some economists proposing that the probability of harm in cases involving monopsony power is considerably lower than in cases of a monopoly. Despite this view, section 4(1)(b) of the South African Competition Act classifies the ‘fixing of a purchase or selling price or any other trading condition’ by competitors as a per se prohibition. This implies that from a legal perspective purchasing agreements may be afforded the same draconian treatment as selling cartels. This paper considers whether this potentially punitive treatment of joint buying arrangements under section 4(1)(b) is warranted and indeed whether the equivalent treatment of joint buying and selling agreements under this section of the Act is appropriate.
On the Combinatorics of Gentle Algebras
Authors: Brüstle Thomas , Douville Guillaume , Mousavand Kaveh , Thomas Hugh , Yıldırım Emine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor $A$ a gentle algebra, and $X$ and $Y$ string modules, we construct a combinatorial basis for $\operatorname{Hom}(X,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}Y)$. We use this to describe support $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-tilting modules for $A$. We give a combinatorial realization of maps in both directions realizing the bijection between support $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-tilting modules and functorially finite torsion classes. We give an explicit basis of $\operatorname{Ext}^{1}(Y,X)$ as short exact sequences. We analyze several constructions given in a more restricted, combinatorial setting by McConville, showing that many but not all of them can be extended to general gentle algebras.
Sensitivity of GPS tropospheric estimates to mesoscale convective systems in West Africa
Authors: Nahmani Samuel , Bock Olivier , Guichard Françoise 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study analyzes the characteristics of GPS
tropospheric estimates (zenith wet delays – ZWDs, gradients, and post-fit phase
residuals) during the passage of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and
evaluates their sensitivity to the research-level GPS data processing
strategy implemented. Here, we focus on MCS events observed during the
monsoon season of West Africa. This region is particularly well suited for the study of these events due to the high frequency of MCS occurrences in the contrasting climatic
environments between the Guinean coast and the Sahel. This contrast is well
sampled with data generated by six African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) GPS stations. Tropospheric estimates for a
3-year period (2006–2008), processed with both the GAMIT and GIPSY-OASIS
software packages, were analyzed and intercompared. First, the case of a
MCS that passed over Niamey, Niger, on 11 August 2006 demonstrates a
strong impact of the MCS on GPS estimates and post-fit residuals when the
GPS signals propagate through the convective cells as detected on reflectivity maps from the MIT C-band Doppler radar. The estimates are also capable of
detecting changes in the structure and dynamics of the MCS. However, the sensitivity
is different depending on the tropospheric modeling approach adopted
in the software. With GIPSY-OASIS, the high temporal sampling (5 min) of
ZWDs and gradients is well suited for detecting the
small-scale, short-lived, convective cells, while the post-fit residuals
remain quite small. With GAMIT, the lower temporal sampling of the estimated
parameters (hourly for ZWDs and daily for gradients) is not
sufficient to capture the rapid delay variations associated with the passage
of the MCS, but the post-fit phase residuals clearly reflect the presence of
a strong refractivity anomaly. The results are generalized with a composite
analysis of 414 MCS events observed over the 3-year period at the six GPS
stations with the GIPSY-OASIS estimates. A systematic peak is found in the
ZWDs coincident with the cold pool crossing time associated with the MCSs. The tropospheric gradients reflect the path of the MCS
propagation (generally from east to west). This study concludes that ZWDs, gradients, and post-fit phase residuals provide relevant and
complementary information on MCSs passing over or in the vicinity of a GPS
station.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF TRIPHENYLBUT-2-ENYL- AND TRIPHENYLMETOXYMETHYLPHOSPHONIUM HEXACHLOROZIRCONATES
Authors: Sharutin Vladimir V. , Sharutina Olga K. , Tarasova Natalya M. , Lobanova Evgeniya V. , Andreev Pavel V. 
Published: July 2019

Triphenylbut-2-enyl- (1a) and triphenylmetoxymethylphosphonium (1b) hexachlorozirconates have been synthesized by the reactions of zirconium tetrachloride with the triphenylalkylphosphonium chlorides in acetonitrile for the first time and characterized by the IR, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. The most intensive bands in IR spectra correspond to the valence vibrations of the CAr-H and the СAr-СAr bonds in the triphenylalkylphosphonium cations. The splitting of carbon atoms signals is observed due to the presence of 13C – 31P coupling. SSCC for carbon atoms directly connected with phosphorus are about 48–85 Hz. According to the X-Ray data, compound 1a crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal lattice (the P21/c space symmetry group). Hexachlorozirconate 1b forms the triclinic crystals belong to the P-1 space symmetry group. Crystals of compound 1a is characterized by the less dense molecular packing in the crystal lattice in comparison with compound 1b. Calculated densities for the structures 1a,b are 1.355 g/cm3 and 1.466 g/сm3, respectively. Structural organization of the complexes in crystals is caused by the formation of hydrogen bonds between chlorine atoms of the anion and hydrogens of phenyl and alkyl groups of the cations. The phosphorus atoms in the triphenylalkylphosphonium cations have distorted tetrahedral coordination (CPC 107.01(4)°-114.10(6)° for 1а, 107.38(9)°-112.06(7)° for 1b, the P-С bonds are 1.790(14)-1.865(14) Å for 1а, 1.7838(12)-1.8293(18) Å for 1b). In centrosymmetric octahedral anions [ZrCl6]2− (trans-ClZrCl 180°) the Zr-Cl distances are 2.4654(15)-2.4952(17) Å for 1а and 2.4641(14)-2.4711(12) Å for 1b.
PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF SOME THIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES IN SULFURIC ACID SOLUTIONS
Authors: Shein Anatoliy B. , Plotnikova Mariya D. , Rubtsov Alexander E. 
Published: July 2019

The work presents the results of the study of some thiadiazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 5-20% H2SO4. Gravimetric tests and electrochemical studies were performed on low-carbon steel St3 at ambient temperature. The exposure time of the samples was 24 h. Polarization curves were obtained by potentiodynamic method (v = 1 mV/s) in a three-electrode cell, using the SOLARTRON 1280 C electrochemical measuring complex. The following thiadiazole derivatives were studied: (E)-N,N-dimethyl-4-{[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]methyl}aniline, (E)-5-{[4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene]amino}-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol, (E)-4-{[(5-(furan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]methyl}-N,N-dimethylaniline, N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide. It was established that the studied compounds at a concentration of 0.1 – 0.2 g/l show a good protective effect. The best result is given by (E)-5-{[4- (dimethylamino)benzylidene]amino}-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol with a protective effect Z more than 90%. The introduction of the benzene ring and the furan fragment into the molecules of the compounds under study leads to a decrease in their protective action as compared with the thiol group. With the help of electrochemical studies it was shown that the compounds studied are inhibitors of a mixed (cathodic-anodic) type, but to a greater extent they reduced the rate of the cathodic process. The results of the work indicate the promise of searching for potential acid corrosion inhibitors in a series of thiadiazole derivatives and the development of inhibiting compositions based on them.
SOLUTION PLASMA PROCESSING OF NATURAL POLYMER-BASED MATERIALS
Authors: Choukourov Andrei 
Published: July 2019

Non-equilibrium low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma is a highly reactive medium that allows for the ecofriendly modification of nature-derived materials. This work reviews the field of liquid phase plasma modification of polymer-based materials derived from natural sources. Types of solution plasma systems are considered with respect to the efficiency of the generation of active species, their transport to and interaction with macromolecules. Tunable modification of plants (birch, willow, bamboo and vine shoots; barley, rice and rapeseed straw; perennial grasses), algae, plant-derived by-products and wastes (sawdust, bast fibers, nutshells, seeds, peels, press-cake and pomace), plant-derived polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, sodium alginate) and animal-derived polymer-based materials (chitosan, collagen, gelatin) by solution plasma treatment is compared to conventional wet chemistry methods. Synthesis of nano-biocomposites with advanced functionalities is also considered.
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La chanson de tradition orale ou le dynamisme de la marge en Amérique française
Authors: Pichette Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2019

À partir de travaux antérieurs consacrés au phénomène de la diffusion du patrimoine oral des Français d’Amérique, envisagé sous l’angle du transfert des traditions européennes du conte, de la chanson, des jurons et des rituels au sein des groupes minoritaires, cette communication veut proposer les éléments d’un modèle interprétatif qui saurait illustrer l’amplitude et rendre compte des dynamiques en présence. Le « principe du limaçon » pourrait apporter un éclairage original et significatif sur ces questions en exposant les rapports entre centre et périphérie, les possibles croisements ou l’origine plurielle des traditions ; il permettrait ainsi de cerner les facteurs du maintien ou de l’érosion des traditions en expliquant pourquoi les marges retiennent mieux et plus longtemps les messages transmis qui s’érodent au centre.
Systematic Review: Training Needs of Agriculture Extension Workers
Authors: Saleh Jasim Mohammed 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: This paper aims to contribute to the body of knowledge around best to identify training needs of the Agricultural Extension Workers (AEW).
Methodology: Borich’s need assessment model used to identify training needs of the workers in agricultural extension. Also, to know which method is suitable to identify training needs.
Finding: Every area needs different training and any skills, knowledge and attitude need another training also should be focused on environment to identify which attitude, skills or knowledge need training due to any village (area) and farmers need different training.
Practical Implication: This study is important for the development of skills, attitude, knowledge and information for workers in agricultural extension, as well as to raise the efficiency and ability of the employees and develop their abilities to raise productivity and increase income in general.
Theoretical Implication: This research highlights the important role training needs plays in job performance for the planning in the future. Also, to know which skills, knowledge or attitude need more training.
Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Adults: 2024 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA Panel
Authors: Gandhi Rajesh T. , Landovitz Raphael J. , Sax Paul E. , Smith Davey M. , Springer Sandra A. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Thompson Melanie A. , Bedimo Roger J. , Benson Constance A. , Buchbinder Susan P. , Crabtree-Ramirez Brenda E. , del Rio Carlos , Eaton Ellen F. , Eron Joseph J. , Hoy Jennifer F. , Lehmann Clara , Molina Jean-Michel , Jacobsen Donna M. , Saag Michael S. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceNew data and new antiretroviral drugs and formulations continue to become available for the prevention and management of HIV infection.ObjectiveTo provide updated recommendations for HIV treatment and clinical management and HIV prevention.MethodsA panel of volunteer expert physician scientists were appointed to provide updated consensus recommendations for 2024. Relevant evidence in the literature since the last report was identified from PubMed and Embase searches (which initially yielded 3998 unique citations, of which 249 were considered relevant); from ongoing monitoring of the literature by the panel members; from data submitted by product manufacturers; and from studies presented at peer-reviewed scientific conferences between June 2022 and October 2024.FindingsAntiretroviral therapy continues to be recommended for all individuals with HIV. For most people with HIV, initial regimens composed of an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI), specifically bictegravir or dolutegravir, with 2 (and in some cases 1) nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors are recommended. Recommendations are made for those with particular clinical circumstances, such as pregnancy and active opportunistic diseases, as well as for those unable to take InSTIs. Regimens may need to be changed for virologic failure, adverse effects, convenience, or cost, among other reasons. Long-acting injectable therapy is available for those who prefer not to take daily oral medications and for people struggling with adherence to daily therapy. Recommendations are provided for laboratory monitoring, management of substance use disorders and weight changes, as well as use of statins for cardiovascular disease prevention. For HIV prevention, oral (daily or intermittent) and injectable long-acting medications are effective options for people at increased likelihood of HIV exposure. Further, new tools for maintaining health and well-being among people with HIV, such as doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis to avert sexually transmitted infection, and strategies to treat substance use disorders, are recommended. Disparities in HIV acquisition and care access are discussed and solutions proposed.ConclusionsNew approaches for treating and preventing HIV offer additional tools to help end the HIV epidemic, but achieving this goal depends on addressing disparities and inequities in access to care.
Adaptive Fuzzy Bipartite Time‐Varying Formation Tracking Control for Multiple Lagrangian Systems With Lumped Uncertainties via Finite‐Time Hierarchical Mechanism
Authors: Wang Shuang , Han Tao , Xiao Bo , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article explores the bipartite time‐varying formation tracking problem for multiple Lagrangian systems in the presence of lumped uncertainties, including friction, external disturbances, and actuator faults. To tackle this challenging problem, a finite‐time hierarchical mechanism is designed without prior knowledge of uncertainties, which decomposes the above issue into two sub‐control problems: 1) the distributed finite‐time estimation problem and 2) the local adaptive fuzzy tracking problem. The distributed estimator algorithm is developed to achieve a finite‐time bipartite time‐varying formation configuration under a cooperative‐antagonistic interaction topology. Further, these estimated states are employed to construct the adaptive fuzzy tracking controller based on fuzzy‐logic systems and fault‐tolerant techniques. Lyapunov functions are utilized to ensure that the considered systems attain the desired formation while maintaining finite‐time stability of tracking errors. Finally, simulation experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Adaptive Fixed‐Time Prescribed Performance Synchronization Control for Multi‐Motor Driving Systems
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Cheng‐Lin , Shan Liang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, the fixed‐time synchronization control problem is developed for multi‐motor driving systems. Initially, the issue of multi‐motor tracking and synchronization is converted into a stability issue through the introduction of coupling synchronization errors. Subsequently, based on the prescribed performance control (PPC) scheme, an adaptive fixed‐time PPC is proposed to ensure that the synchronization error and tracking error converge to the prescribed boundary. Additionally, the radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are employed for estimating uncertain nonlinearities. Finally, the simulation results showcase the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multifunctional Photonic Nanomaterials and Devices for Digital Photomedicine via Neuro‐Immune Cross‐Talks
Authors: Kim Seong‐Jong , Kim Tae Yeon , Kim Hyeongkyu , Kim Jongshin , Rogers John A. , Hahn Sei Kwang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe nervous and immune systems are closely interconnected, and influence the onset and progress of various diseases. Accordingly, understanding the interaction of the neural system and the immune system becomes very important for the treatment of intractable diseases with the analysis of therapeutic mechanisms, such as autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and so on. The conventional immunomodulation treatments have been mainly carried out by drug administration, but they have suffered from systemic negative side‐effects with only limited effects on the specific disease. In this Perspective, photonic nanomaterials and devices are reviewed and discussed for digitally controlled neurostimulating photomedicine via photobiomodulation and optogenetics from the unique viewpoint of neuro‐immune cross‐talks. The prospects and perspectives to integrate photonic nanomaterials with advanced wearable and implantable healthcare devices are also provided and highlighted to revolutionize the therapeutic strategies by the interaction of neural and immune systems, and optimize the treatment protocols for futuristic digital photomedicine. This approach will revolutionize the fields of neurostimulation and immune regulation for further clinical applications.
Nasal Mucus Cytokines Are Correlated with Spirometry Measures in CRS Patients with Comorbid Asthma
Authors: Lubner Rory J. , Dorismond Christina , Krysinski Mason , Li Ping , Chandra Rakesh K. , Turner Justin H. , Newcomb Dawn C. , Cahill Katherine N. , Chowdhury Naweed I. 
Published: December 2024

Key points
CRS patients with asthma show differential nasal mucus cytokine signatures based on endotype.
IL‐7 concentration is positively associated with higher %FEV1 and %FVC in CRS patients with asthma.
Supramolecular Rotor Assembly for the Design of a Hybrid Ferroelectric‐Antiferromagnetic Multiferroic Semiconductor
Authors: Wang Na , Li Hua‐Kai , Shen Huai‐Yi , Ye Le , Xu Ze‐Jiang , Ren Mei‐Ling , Yao Nian‐Tao , Shi Chao , Ye Heng‐Yun , Miao Le‐Ping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFerroelectric (FE)‐antiferromagnetic (AFM) multiferroic materials have sparked growing interest due to their huge possibilities in energy‐saving, photoelectric devices, nonvolatile storage, and switches. However, realizing FE‐AFM properties in a hybrid molecular material is difficult because ferroelectric and magnetic orders are commonly mutually exclusive. Here, we report an FE‐AFM multiferroic semiconductor [NH4(18‐crown‐6)]2[Mn(SCN)4] (NCMS) by supramolecular assembly approach via molecular rotor synthon [NH4(18‐crown‐6)] and inorganic magnetic module [Mn(SCN)4]. Interestingly, NCMS shows good ferroelectricity with a spontaneous polarization (Ps) of 5.94 μC cm−2 higher than most crown‐ether‐based ferroelectrics. Especially, the realization of antiferromagnetism is for the first time in the crown ether hybrid perovskite ferroic systems. Additionally, semiconductor NCMS displays an X‐ray radiation detection response with a large photo/dark current on‐off ratio (197). Our study not only gives a deep insight into understanding multiferroic properties but also provides a novel and efficient approach to realizing high‐performance hybrid multiferroic materials.
Weakly Magnetized Accreting Neutron Stars as Seen by IXPE
Authors: Di Marco Alessandro ,   IXPE Science Team
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Imaging X‐ray Polarimetry Explorer, recently awarded by the American Astronomical Society with the Bruno Rossi prize, observed several accreting neutron stars in X‐ray binaries during the first 2 years of its prime mission. Results obtained for weakly magnetized neutron stars allow us to model the geometry and the physical status of the different emitting regions (accretion disk, boundary/spreading layer) in a completely novel way, showing a more intricate scenario with respect to the one initially anticipated based on theoretical models. In particular, polarization measurements have demonstrated variations with energy and time, which are highly intriguing. Here, a summary of the IXPE findings for these sources, in particular 4U 1820–303, and Cir X–1 are reported.