bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of substrate surface conditioning and biofilm age on the composition of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
Authors: Ali I. A. A. , Cheung B. P. K. , Yau J. Y. Y. , Matinlinna J. P. , Lévesque C. M. , Belibasakis G. N. , Neelakantan P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the null hypothesis that neither the surface conditioning (collagen, serum, saliva) of hydroxyapatite (HA) discs, nor the biofilm age (3 days vs. 21 days) has a significant effect on the cellular and matrix composition of biofilms, using Enterococcus faecalis as the model organism.MethodologySterile HA discs were conditioned with collagen, saliva or serum, and inoculated with E. faecalis to form 3‐day and 21‐day‐old biofilms. Unconditioned discs served as controls. The biofilms were analysed using culture‐dependent and independent (confocal microscopy and biochemical analysis) methods, to determine the colony‐forming units and the biofilm matrix composition (polysaccharides and proteins), respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests (P = 0.05).ResultsCollagen conditioning significantly increased the number of CFUs in the 21‐day biofilms, compared to the 3‐day biofilms (P < 0.05). Although the biochemical analysis revealed that surface conditioning had no significant effect on the total carbohydrate content in the 21‐day biofilms, confocal microscopic analysis revealed that collagen and saliva conditioning selectively increased the polysaccharide content of 21‐day biofilms, compared to the 3‐day biofilms (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study raise an important methodological concern that the substrate conditioning substances and biofilm age differentially influence the cellular and extracellular matrix components of E. faecalis biofilms.
An evaluation of community pharmacists’ understanding of autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study in Western Australia
Authors: Knights Emily , Sunderland Bruce , Parsons Richard , Ziatas Kathy , Caccetta Rima 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the knowledge and understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by community pharmacists, across Western Australia (WA) and evaluate the extent to which they incorporate ASD friendly practices in their pharmacy.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involved a postal questionnaire sent to a stratified random sample of 250 community pharmacies across WA. A score of ≥10/13 (≥76.9%) appropriate responses to selected questions was considered an indication of ‘good knowledge’ of ASD. Univariate associations between ‘good knowledge’ and variables in the questionnaire were analysed using chi-square statistics, and multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. Demographic data relating to the pharmacy were used to determine the likelihood it was ASD friendly.

Key findings
Overall, 97/250 (38.8%) questionnaires were returned. There were 34/96 (35.4%) respondents classified as having ‘good knowledge’. Stigma surrounding ASD was the single best indicator of ‘good knowledge’ (P &lt; 0.0001). None of the respondents indicated they catered specifically for ASD, and 38/97 (39.2%) reported that no changes were needed to their pharmacy to improve accessibility. There were a number of demographic features that increased the likelihood that pharmacies had the potential to be ASD friendly.

Conclusions
Pharmacists overall had a basic understanding of ASD. Pharmacists who identified that stigma surrounding ASD existed in the community were more likely to achieve ‘good knowledge’. There was a reluctance to improve pharmacy accessibility to patients with ASD. Pharmacists did not appear to incorporate ASD beneficial practices into their pharmacy and pharmacy environment.
Bacterial inhibition efficiency of prilocaine and bupivacaine
Authors: Kesici Sevgi , Demirci Mehmet , Kesici Ugur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to demonstrate the antibacterial effects of bupivacaine and prilocaine on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In our study, the in vitro antimicrobial effects of 20 mg/mL prilocaine and 5 mg/mL bupivacaine were tested against a S. aureus American‐type culture collection (ATCC) 29213, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and E. coli ATCC 25922, divided into Group P (Prilocaine) and Group B (Bupivacaine), respectively. S. aureus ATCC 29213, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and E. coli ATCC 25922 were cultured on Mueller Hinton agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) plates for 18 to 24 hours at 37°C. In terms of inhibition zone diameters, inhibition of S. aureus ATCC 29213 was observed in both groups at the 12th and 24th hours. The 12th‐ and 24th‐hour S. aureus ATCC 29213 value was significantly higher in Group P compared with Group B (P = .008). At the 12th and 24th hours, inhibition of E. coli ATCC 25922 was observed in both groups. The 12th‐ and 24th‐hour E. coli ATCC 25922 value was significantly higher in Group P compared with Group B (P = .008). In our study, it was seen that prilocaine and bupivacaine had an antimicrobial effect on S. aureus and E. coli. In the comparison between these two local anesthetics (LAs), this effect was found to be significantly higher in prilocaine than bupivacaine. Therefore, we are of the opinion that antimicrobial effect potentials should also be taken into account in the selection of an LA agent in order to prevent the complications of an infection that might develop during LA infiltration and might lead to serious morbidity.
Trap distribution and photo‐stimulated luminescence in LaSrAl3O7:Eu2+ long‐lasting phosphors for optical data storage
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Hongwei , Huang Jianhui , Zhou Jiangcong , Liu Pengfei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere, a green emission persistent luminescent phosphor LaSrAl3O7:Eu2+ which is chargeable by UV light, was synthesized by solid‐state reaction method. Elemental mapping and fluorescence microscopy photoluminescence of the sample demonstrated the homogeneous distribution of La, Sr, Al, O, and Eu in the phosphor. Rietveld refinement shows that the as‐prepared sample belongs to the tetragonal crystalline structure with space group of P421m. The Eu2+:5d‐4f broad persistent luminescence with maximum emission peaking at 518 nm can be effectively obtained after irradiating in the UV light. A series of excitation temperature‐dependent thermoluminescence measurements were conducted to gain some insight into the information of traps. Additionally, to verify its feasibility of optical data storage, specific information letters were encoded on the LaSrAl3O7:Eu2+ phosphor films using the laser of 405 nm, then the stored information could indeed be read out by thermal stimulation as expected. Meanwhile, NIR photo‐stimulated red persistent luminescence was also obtained, which holds great potential for optical information storage. Finally, combined with the experimental and density functional theory calculation results, we proposed a tentative schematic diagram to account for the PersL and photo‐stimulated persistent luminescence mechanism in LaSrAl3O7:Eu2+ phosphor.
How flipped learning based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning affects students' academic achievements
Authors: Almasseri Mohammed , AlHojailan Mohammed I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study aims to identify the effect of a flipped classroom approach designed according to the cognitive theory of multimedia learning on the academic achievements of eighth‐grade students (aged 14 years) in Saudi Arabia in computer science. To this end, a quasi‐experimental design was used, with a sample of 67 students; 33 students were assigned to the experimental group, whereas 34 comprised the control group. The experimental group was subjected to the flipped classroom approach, whereas the control group was given direct instruction. To measure student achievements, an instrument that measures cognitive skills based on Revised Bloom's taxonomy levels was designed. Findings revealed a positive effect on the experimental group's achievement levels with respect to Bloom's higher order thinking skills, that is, applying, analysing, and evaluating. No difference was found between the two groups in terms of academic achievements at the remembering and understanding levels of Bloom's taxonomy. Moreover, learners with low prior knowledge showed a higher improvement in academic achievements compared with those with high prior knowledge. This corresponds to the assumption of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning that learners with low prior knowledge would benefit from its principles more than learners with high prior knowledge.
Delivering on Promises? The Expected Impacts and Implementation Challenges of the Economic Partnership Agreements between the European Union and Africa
Authors: Tröster Bernhard , von Arnim Rudiger , Staritz Cornelia , Raza Werner , Grumiller Jan , Grohs Hannes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEconomic partnership agreements (EPAs) mark a new era in economic relations between the European Union and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries that will lead to reciprocal tariff liberalization. Model‐based impact assessments have become a powerful tool in trade negotiations and mixed results are reported for ACP countries. Given their set‐up within a neoclassical framework, these models neglect important issues such as impacts on employment, macroeconomic balances and adjustment costs. The structuralist computable general equilibrium model applied in this article for three African EPA regions addresses these shortcomings and shows negative macroeconomic and distributional effects and important adjustment costs associated with employment and public revenue losses. These results highlight the importance of policy responses to deliver on promises associated with EPAs, namely sustainable economic development. More generally, they show the importance of alternative models to understand implementation challenges and facilitate broader debates about bilateral trade agreements.
Prey diversity of Polistes rothneyi koreanus in different landscapes using DNA barcoding
Authors: Jeon Mi Gyeong , Kim Tae Geun , Jung Jong Cheul , Choi Moon Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor the present study, we investigated the prey of Polistes rothneyi koreanus, which is the most common social wasp in South Korea, and the relationship between prey diversity and vegetation cover around their nests. Prey was collected over two 6‐hr sampling from seven nests between July and mid‐August 2015 in Daegu, Gyeongsan and Gunwi in South Korea. To analyse the prey spectrum, we identified species using DNA barcodes; to analyse vegetation cover, we used the normalized difference vegetation index in a 200 m radius around the nests. A total of 338 prey samples were collected, and eight orders, 24 families, and 65 species were identified, demonstrating a much broader prey spectrum than those previously recorded for Polistes spp. Lepidoptera were the most prevalent, with 158 samples and 47 species. Nest 7, located in a rural area, had the highest numbers of samples and species per worker (5.2 and 1.9, respectively). Lepidoptera accounted for over half of the prey spectrum for all nests, and the families Noctuidae and Geometridae accounted for 60% of all Lepidoptera. Tenodera sinensis (Mantodea) and Gabala argentata (Noctuidae) were the most ubiquitous species, collected at five locations. Six species and some genera of prey are designated as pests in South Korea, indicating that P. r. koreanus also has a beneficial role in pest control. A higher vegetation cover was associated with significantly higher prey species diversity (R2 = .4597, p < .1) and abundance (R2 = .5986, p < .05), indicating that vegetation cover is an important factor for maintaining colonies. Therefore, the recent increase in green spaces in South Korean cities is probably a major contributor to the increased density of social wasps.
Person‐centred shared decision making
Authors: Tonelli Mark R. , Sullivan Mark D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile multiple versions of shared decision making (SDM) have been advanced, most share two seemingly essential elements: (a) SDM is primarily focused on treatment choices and (b) the clinician is primarily responsible for providing options while the patient contributes values and preferences. We argue that these two elements render SDM suboptimal for clinical practice. We suggest that SDM is better viewed as collaboration in all aspects of clinical care, with clinicians needing to fully engage with the patient's experience of illness and participation in treatment. SDM can only take place within an ongoing partnership between clinician and patient, both respecting the other as a person, not as part of an isolated encounter. Respect for the patient as a person goes beyond respect for their choice. Non‐interference is not the only way, or even the most important way, to respect patient autonomy. Knowing the patient as a person and providing an autonomy‐supportive context for care are crucial. That is, the clinician must know the patient well enough to be able to answer the patient's question “What would you do, if you were me?” This approach acknowledges clinicians as persons, requiring them to understand patients as persons. We provide examples of such a model of SDM and assert that this pragmatic method does not require excessive time or effort on the part of clinicians or patients but does require direct and particular knowledge of the patient that is often omitted from clinical decisions.
Computer‐aided planning of soft tissue augmentation with prosthetic guidance for the establishment of a natural mucosal contour in late implant placement
Authors: Aslan Serhat , Tolay Can , Gehrke Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveLate implant placement in volume deficient sites has been considered a challenging situation for the establishment of a natural mucosal topography. Dimensional relations of hard and soft tissues together with the prosthetic components have not been clarified in the literature. The aim of this proof‐of‐concept case report was to establish the tooth‐like appearance with virtual planning prior to surgical intervention and to calculate the ideal amount of desired soft tissue.Clinical ConsiderationsMinimum amount of tissue reconstruction was calculated with computer‐aided soft tissue augmentation and a temporary restoration mimicking the emergence profile of a molar was fabricated for guiding the peri‐implant mucosa in the early wound healing phase. After 4 months of healing, the final restoration was completed with a screw‐retained crown‐abutment. The 2‐year follow‐up period demonstrated a stability of the mucosal margin and peri‐implant health.ConclusionsA natural mucosal contour could be established with the help of virtual planning. The calculation of required tissue quantity may help clinicians for the creation of a natural appearance in late implant placement.Clinical SignificanceVirtual soft tissue augmentation may determine the required tissue quantity and therefore, could play an important role in the establishment of natural mucosal contour for late implant placement.
Kinetic evaluation and optimization of red popcorn grain drying: Influence of the temperature and air velocity on the expansion properties and β‐carotene content
Authors: Pohndorf Ricardo S. , Lang Gustavo H. , Ferreira Cristiano D. , Ziegler Valmor , Goebel Jorge T. , de Oliveira Maurcio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn order to obtain popcorn grains with excellent popping properties and a high β‐carotene content, the drying kinetics were investigated, and response surface methodology was used to optimize the drying process of red popcorn at temperatures of 40, 70, and 100°C and air velocities of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 m/s. The Page equation satisfactorily described the drying kinetics of red popcorn. Both variables (temperature and air velocity) had a significant effect on the popping yield, expansion time, and β‐carotene content. For the expansion time, only the air velocity had a significant effect. Based on an established quality standard, the temperature range of 40 and 50°C and air velocity from 0.5 to 1.2 m/s provided popcorn grains with a popping yield, expansion capacity, and β‐carotene content above 7%, 9 mL/mL, and 7.4 mg/100 g, respectively, and an expansion time below 130 s.Practical applicationsThe present work optimized of red popcorn grain drying and provides scientific support for obtaining a dry product with excellent popping properties and high nutritional value.
Age‐related cognitive decline in myotonic dystrophy type 1: An 11‐year longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: Labayru Garazi , Aliri Jone , Zulaica Miren , López de Munain Adolfo , Sistiaga Andone 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an inherited multi‐systemic disease involving the central nervous system (CNS) and is consequently characterized by a range of cognitive impairments. However, whether this cognitive profile progresses over time is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess a DM1 sample, in order to compare, for the first time, this progression with that of a control group. Clinical and socio‐demographic predictive factors potentially implicated in this possible decline are analysed.MethodSeventy‐five DM1 patients with childhood, juvenile, adult, and late‐onset, and 54 control participants were re‐assessed in an 11‐year follow‐up with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The analyses employed were mixed ANOVA for repeated measures to test intergroup comparisons over time and multiple linear regression for predictive variable analysis.ResultsMyotonic dystrophy type 1 patients significantly worsened in visuospatial/visuoconstructive abilities and visual memory compared with controls. Multiple linear regression revealed that progression of cognitive impairment measured by copy of the Rey–Osterrieth complex figure was predicted by muscular impairment, whilst on the block design test age predicted the change with a cut‐off at 31 years of age.DiscussionA domain‐specific progressive cognitive decline was found in DM1, with visuospatial/visuoconstructive abilities showing the greatest vulnerability to the passage of time. In addition to important clinical implications, these results suggest the need for the scientific community to delve deeper into the potential mechanisms underlying early cognitive decline in this population.
Dependent development in South America: China and the soybean nexus
Authors: Giraudo Maria Eugenia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article examines the expansion of the soybean complex in South America and the role of Chinese firms in expanding their presence in different sectors of the oilseed complex. The growth in trade relations between the two parties has been built on the export of primary commodities from South America and the import of Chinese manufactures—a trade pattern that reproduces core‐periphery dynamics identified by dependency theory scholars. Of particular importance in this bilateral trade is soybean, a crop that has been consolidated as the main export for several South American countries, fuelled by growing demand from China. This article explores China's role in the global political economy as a key agri‐business player and the implications for new relations of dependency by studying the strategies deployed by Chinese firms to increase their influence in the governance of the soybean nexus.
Healthcare professionals’ proposed eHealth needs in elective primary fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty journey: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Jansson Miia Marika , Harjumaa Marja , Puhto Ari‐Pekka , Pikkarainen Minna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the lived experience of healthcare professionals providing care for patients with total hip and knee arthroplasty and to understand healthcare professionals’ proposed eHealth needs in elective primary fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty journey.BackgroundThere is little evidence in nursing literature to indicate how to develop new eHealth services to support surgical care journeys. Evidence is particularly lacking regarding the development of eHealth solutions.DesignThis was a qualitative interview study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with four surgeons, two anaesthesiologists, ten nurses and four physiotherapists in a single joint replacement centre during autumn 2018. The data were analysed using an inductive content analysis method. NVivo qualitative data analysis software was used. The COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was followed.ResultsOur research addressed the gap in evidence by focusing on the four main parts of the patient journey in the selected context. Analysis of the data revealed nine main categories for the proposed eHealth needs: eligibility criteria, referrals, meeting the Health Care Guarantee, patient flow, postdischarge care, patient counselling, communication, transparency of the journey and receiving feedback. In addition, the requirements and further development needs for eHealth solutions were generally identified.ConclusionsFrom the point of view of healthcare professionals, eHealth solutions have huge potential in supporting the elective primary fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty journey. However, it is important to acknowledge that these needs may be very different depending on the technological and organisational environment in question.Relevance to clinical practiceMore effective use of information and communication technologies is needed for organisational optimisation resulting in a streamlined pathway, better access to healthcare services, improved outcomes and an improved patient experience. These results can be used in the development of new eHealth solutions to support surgical care journeys and patient education.