bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An SDN‐based scalable routing and resource management model for service provider networks
Authors: Celenlioglu Mahmud Rasih , Tuysuz Mehmet Fatih , Mantar Haci Ali 
Published: February 2018

SummaryVolume of the Internet traffic has increased significantly in recent years. Service providers (SPs) are now striving to make resource management and considering dynamically changing large volume of network traffic. In this context, software defined networking (SDN) has been alluring the attention of SPs, as it provides virtualization, programmability, ease of management, and so on. Yet severe scalability issues are one of the key challenges of the SDN due to its centralized architecture. First of all, SDN controller may become the bottleneck as the number of flows and switches increase. It is because routing and admission control decisions are made per flow basis by the controller. Second, there is a signaling overhead between the controller and switches since the controller makes decisions on behalf of them. In line with the aforementioned explanations, this paper proposes an SDN‐based scalable routing and resource management model (SRRM) for SPs. The proposed model is twofold. SRRM performs routing, admission control, and signaling operations (RASOs) in a scalable manner. Additionally, resource management has also been accomplished to increase link use. To achieve high degree of scalability and resource use, pre‐established paths (PEPs) between each edge node in the domain are provided. The proposed controller performs RASOs based on PEPs. The controller also balances the load of PEPs and adjusts their path capacities dynamically to increase resource use. Experimental results show that SRRM can successfully perform RASOs in a scalable way and also increase link use even under heavy traffic loads.
Structure and cis‐regulatory analysis of a Drosophila grainyhead neuroblast enhancer
Authors: Kuzin Alexander , Smith Svetlana , Brody Thomas , Odenwald Ward F. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryEvolutionary analysis of cis‐regulatory DNA reveals that enhancers consist of clusters of conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) that are made up of both unique and repeated sequence elements. This study seeks to address the basis for spatial and temporal regulation of neuroblast enhancer function. A search for temporally restricted CNS NB enhancers identified one within the transcription factor grainyhead (grh) gene locus. The intronic enhancer, grh‐15, contains two separable semi‐autonomous activities, one that drives expression predominantly within the developing brain NBs and another in ventral cord NBs. To gain insight into the function of the CSBs constituting the brain‐specific enhancer, we have systematically deleted each CSB and compared the activity of the altered enhancer to that of the full brain‐specific enhancer. While our results indicate that information regulating enhancer activity is highly redundant, we have found that individual CSBs convey expression in subsets of larval lineages that are generated from either Type I or Type II NBs. These studies also highlight how evolutionary sequence conservation can be used as a guide the functional analysis of cis‐regulatory DNA.
A 10‐session cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT‐T) for eating disorders: Outcomes from a case series of nonunderweight adult patients
Authors: Waller Glenn , Tatham Madeleine , Turner Hannah , Mountford Victoria A. , Bennetts Alison , Bramwell Kate , Dodd Julie , Ingram Lauren 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveExisting forms of evidence‐based cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders (CBT‐ED) are relatively effective for nonunderweight cases. However, they are also expensive compared to CBT for other disorders. This study reports the first outcomes for a shorter, 10‐session form of CBT‐ED (CBT‐T) for such cases, designed to be less demanding of resources.MethodA case series of 106 nonunderweight eating disordered cases were considered for this effectiveness study. A protocolized 10‐session version of CBT‐ED was delivered by clinical assistants, under supervision. Measures assessed eating attitudes and behaviors, anxiety, depression, personality pathology, and the working alliance. Intention‐to‐treat analyses were used.ResultsSuitability, acceptability, working alliance ratings, and retention were all positive. Outcomes by the end of therapy and at three‐month follow‐up were positive for all symptoms, with levels of change, abstinence and remission that were comparable to those from effectiveness studies of longer forms of CBT. Higher levels of pretreatment anxiety predicted retention in treatment, but no factors predicted poorer response. Early change in eating attitudes and the working alliance were the strongest predictors of a positive response.DiscussionThis 10‐session form of CBT‐ED for nonunderweight eating disorders performed at a level that is comparable to versions of CBT‐ED that are twice as long, despite being delivered by nonspecialist therapists. Replication and longer‐term follow‐ups are needed to ensure retained effects. However, CBT‐T has promise as a therapy for use in a range of healthcare settings, to enhance access to treatment for such eating disorders.
Biodiverse cities: the nursery industry, homeowners, and neighborhood differences drive urban tree composition
Authors: Avolio Meghan L. , Pataki Diane E. , Trammell Tara L. E. , Endter‐Wada Joanna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn arid and semiarid regions, where few if any trees are native, city trees are largely human planted. Societal factors such as resident preferences for tree traits, nursery offerings, and neighborhood characteristics are potentially key drivers of urban tree community composition and diversity, however, they remain critically understudied. We investigated patterns of urban tree structure in residential neighborhoods of the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, combining biological variables, such as neighborhood and plant nursery tree species and trait composition, and sociological data comprised of resident surveys and U.S. Census data. We sampled nine neighborhoods that varied in household income and age of homes. We found more tree species were offered in locally owned nurseries compared with mass merchandiser stores and yard trees at private residences were more diverse than public street trees in the same neighborhoods. There were significant differences among neighborhoods in street and yard tree composition. Newer neighborhoods differed from older neighborhoods in street tree species composition and trait diversity, while neighborhoods varying in affluence differed in yard tree composition. Species richness of yard trees was positively correlated with neighborhood household income, while species richness of street trees was negatively correlated with home age of neighborhood residences. Tree traits differed across neighborhoods of varying ages, suggesting different tree availability and preferences over time. Last, there was a positive correlation between resident preferences for tree attributes and the number of trees that had those attributes both in residential yards and in nursery offerings. Strong relationships between social variables and urban tree composition provides evidence that resident preferences and nursery offerings affect patterns of biodiversity in cities across Salt Lake Valley. These findings can be applied toward efforts to increase taxonomic and functional diversity of city trees in semiarid regions in ways that will also provide ecosystem services of most interest to residents.
Optimal channel selection for simultaneous RF energy harvesting and data transmission in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Hooshiary Akram , Azmi Paeiz , Mokari Nader , Maleki Sina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a radio frequency–powered cognitive radio network is considered, in which the secondary users are powered by a radio frequency energy harvester (rectenna). Unlike most existing works, we consider a realistic rectenna characteristic function and derive the actual amount of harvested energy and thus obtain the resulting actual energy level of the secondary users. We consider a system architecture at which simultaneous energy harvesting and data transmission for each secondary user is possible. We introduce a strategy to manage the challenge of network throughput decreasing because of the lack of the secondary users' energy via selecting the best possible channels for energy harvesting and, simultaneously, by allocating the best channels for data transmission. Therefore, we implement cognition in spectrum utilization and in energy harvesting. We show that the amount of harvested energy affects the available energy of the secondary user and, consequently, the throughput; therefore, the channel selection to maximize energy harvesting affects the network throughput. To maximize the network throughput, the Hungarian algorithm is employed, and then, an algorithm with lower complexity based on the matching theory is proposed. Finally, we compare our proposed approach with some existing benchmarks and show its high performance in energy harvesting and system throughput.
Role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in T4N0 stage IV head and neck cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Kirke Diana N. , Qureshi Muhammad M. , Kamran Sophia C. , Ezzat Waleed , Jalisi Scharukh , Salama Andrew , Everett Peter C. , Truong Minh Tam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (surgery + adjuvant RT) versus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (surgery + adjuvant CRT) in patients with T4N0M0, stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsBetween 1998 and 2011, 3518 and 885 patients were treated with surgery + adjuvant RT and surgery + adjuvant CRT, respectively. Three‐year overall survival (OS) rates were determined and crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 41.8 months with 2193 reported deaths. The 3‐year OS was 67.5% for surgery + adjuvant RT and 70.5% for surgery + adjuvant CRT (P = .013). For negative margins, the corresponding 3‐year OS was 70.1% and 74.9% (P = .005). For positive margins, the corresponding 3‐year OS was 56.0% and 60.6% (P = .079). On multivariate analysis, the beneficial effect for adjuvant CRT over adjuvant RT was not significant (HR 0.90; CI 0.79‐1.03; P = .124).ConclusionIn this cohort of patients with T4N0 HNSCC treated with surgery, there was no observed survival benefit of adjuvant CRT over adjuvant RT on multivariate analysis.
Prevalence of adverse pathological features in 1 to 4 cm low‐risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Murthy Samskruthi P. , Balasubramanian Deepak , Subramaniam Narayana , Nair Gopalakrishnan , Babu Misha J. C. , Rathod Priyank V. , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Iyer Subramania , Vijayan Smitha Nalumackal , Prasad Chaya , Nair Vasantha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommends thyroid lobectomy for 1 to 4 cm tumors without adverse features. We studied the prevalence of adverse pathological features in patients eligible for unilateral lobectomy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with tumors measuring 1 to 4 cm with no known preoperative adverse features were included in this study. Patients with nodal and distant metastasis, tumors <1 cm to > 4 cm, age < 17 years old, and gross extrathyroidal extension were excluded. Patients with bilateral nodularity on imaging were excluded from the final analysis on adverse features.ResultsThere were 59.1% of patients undergoing thyroidectomy with tumors measuring 1 to 4 cm and no preoperatively known adverse features who were eligible for lobectomy under current ATA guidelines who would have needed a completion thyroidectomy after pathological analysis of the index tumor.ConclusionTwo thirds of the patients may require a completion thyroidectomy if unilateral lobectomy is done in tumors measuring 1 to 4 cm based on adverse pathological features.
A protocol in action: Recovery approach for patients within high secure care: A 20+ year follow‐up
Authors: Rees Cheryl , Pitcairn Jamie , Thomson Lindsay 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesA person‐centred approach to recovery is increasingly represented within mainstream mental health literature. Little examination of recovery among forensic mental health patients is evidenced. This study plans to address that insufficiency.MethodsThis protocol paper details a novel approach to exploring recovery among a cohort of 241 patients detained under conditions of high secure care in Scotland during August 1992 to August 1993. Under discussion is the repurposing of previous research to circumnavigate length of inpatient stay commonly associated with forensic mental health care. The methodology adopted, while considering data leakage given the vulnerable participant group, will be discussed.ResultsRepurposing and extending previous research attempts to address the file cabinet effect with 85% of health care research being wasted and future uncertainty regarding research funding in a post‐Brexit era. This is an ongoing study. Ethical, confidentiality, privacy issues, and permissions are considered within the methodology.ConclusionsEthical arguments can be made for tracing and attempting contact with vulnerable groups under‐represented in the literature. A well‐considered methodology putting the focus on participant welfare and confidentiality at every step is essential. The reported methodology provides an opportunity to expand and re‐examine previously collected data through a contemporary lens.
Serum levels of interleukin 6 in schizophrenic patients during treatment augmentation with sarcosine (results of the PULSAR study)
Authors: Strzelecki Dominik , Urban‐Kowalczyk Małgorzata , Wysokiński Adam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveAugmentation of sarcosine, a natural inhibitor of the glycine transporter type I, normalizes glutamatergic neurotransmission, having beneficial impact on primary negative symptoms in schizophrenia and may also influence immune system and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels.AimFinding a relationship between initial IL‐6 serum concentrations or its changes and severity of symptoms as a result of sarcosine addition to stable antipsychotic treatment.MethodFifity‐eight individuals with schizophrenia with predominantly negative symptoms completed a 6‐month randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled prospective study. Patients received 2 g of sarcosine (n = 29) or placebo (n = 30) daily per os. We measured IL‐6 levels and severity of symptoms at the beginning, after 6 weeks and 6 months. As main clinical tools, we used Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia (CDSS).ResultsAugmentation with sarcosine had no effect on IL‐6 serum levels in all time points. We noted significant improvements in negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and total PANSS score in the sarcosine group. We found correlation of initial serum IL‐6 with severity of positive symptoms and negative association between IL‐6 levels reduction and positive symptoms reduction.ConclusionsSarcosine does not significantly affect IL‐6 concentrations but IL‐6 may be involved in mechanisms related to the presence of positive symptoms.
A scheme of analysis for eVoting as a technological innovation system
Authors: Sambo Paul , Alexander Patricia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper seeks to determine whether the introduction of technology in the electoral processes can be regarded as a technological innovation system. This is done by analysing and evaluating eVoting systems using data obtained from interviews and reviewing documentation relating to a multicase study of the Namibian and South African context. The study reveals that the adapted scheme of analysis proposed for technological innovation systems can be successfully applied to an eVoting system to obtain insights into the functions of the system, the electoral processes involved, and the process of introducing the innovation (techno‐change process). From the analysis, it can be deduced that an eVoting system may be classified as technological innovation system as the researcher was able to analyse, identify, and link the 6 steps of the scheme of analysis to the electoral processes. This analytical process is expected to provide improved insights into the techno‐change processes and the electoral processes and enhance adoption of the eVoting system. The findings not only explain how to improve the usability of the electoral system and its efficiency but also help in crafting policies and strategies that can counter the barriers of implementing and adoption of the technology.
Back Cover: Characterization and application of porous gold nanoparticles as 2‐photon luminescence imaging agents: 20‐fold brighter than gold nanorods (J. Biophotonics 2/2018)
Authors: Park Joo H. , Park Jisoo , Kim Suho , Kim Se‐Hwa , Lee Tae G. , Lee Jae Y. , Wi Jung‐Sub 
Published: February 2018

Gold nanoparticles serve as imaging contrast agents useful for two‐photon nonlinear microscopy of biological cells and tissues. In this study, 100‐nm‐sized gold particles with a multitude of nanopores embedded inside have been physically synthesized and investigated for the plasmonic enhancement in two‐photon luminescence. Exhibiting remarkable potential for two‐photon imaging, the porous gold nanoparticles boost near‐infrared light absorption substantially and allow emission signals 20 times brighter than gold nanorods being currently used as typical imaging agents.Further details can be found in the article by Joo H. Park et al. (e201700174)
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Evaluation of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms (Fok‐I and Bsm‐I) in T1DM Saudi children
Authors: Ali Rabab , Fawzy Iman , Mohsen Ihsan , Settin Ahmad 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency conferred strongest susceptibility to pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Altered gene expression and function have strong effect on VDR gene polymorphism.ObjectivesWe aimed to check for the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR gene (Fok‐I and Bsm‐I) with T1DM in Saudi children.Subjects and MethodsCross‐sectional study included 100 T1DM Saudi children, plus 102 unrelated healthy subjects. PCR technique was used for detection of Fok‐I and Bsm‐I SNPs in VDR gene.ResultsRegarding the Fok‐I polymorphisms, T1DM cases showed a significant increased frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Ff) than controls (33% vs 21%, OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.006‐3.587, P = .04). In the meantime, they showed significantly lower frequency of the homozygous (ff) genotype (64% vs 79%, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28‐0.96, P = .03). Cases showed also a significantly lower frequency of the (f) allele than controls (80.5% vs 87.7%, OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.33‐0.995, P = .04). On the other hand, cases showed significantly higher frequency of the Bsm‐I homozygous (bb) and heterozygous (Bb) genotypes (25% vs 11.8%, P = .01, OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.18‐5.31) & (45% vs 27.5%, P = .0, OR = 2.1, 95 % CI = 1.20‐3.89, respectively). Cases showed also significantly higher frequency of (b) allele compared to control (47.5% vs 25.5%, P = .0, OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.74‐4.02). Haplotype analysis showed an increased risk with the fB and fb haplotypes.ConclusionThis study emphasizes a positive association between SNPs (Fok‐I and Bsm‐I) and T1DM among Saudi children with increased risk with the Fok‐I F and Bsm‐I b alleles.
Study Design Parameters Affecting Exposure Response Analysis of QT Data: Results From Simulation Studies
Authors: Ferber Georg , Sun Yaning , Darpo Borje , Garnett Christine , Liu Jiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe operating characteristics of dose‐escalating studies in terms of false‐negative predictions of the QT effect and the power to exclude clinically relevant QT effects are not quantitatively established. One thousand single‐ascending‐dose (SAD) studies with 7 dose groups with 6/2 subjects on active drug/placebo were generated through simulation for each of 32 scenarios with (1) 8 different QT effects of the study drug and (2) achieved plasma concentration 2‐ or 4‐fold above therapeutic levels. For each subject, drug‐free QT data from a thorough QT study were subsampled to capture the circadian profile, on which a drug effect was added. The percentage of false‐negative studies was between 4% and 9% when the drug's QT effect was set to 10 milliseconds. If a somewhat lower effect of 6.7 milliseconds was set at therapeutic concentrations, the fraction of negative studies was higher, 40% to 60% when the variability of the QT data was well controlled. When the QT effect was set to 5 milliseconds at therapeutic plasma concentrations, the power of SAD studies to exclude 10 milliseconds QT effect was generally above 70% (74% to 94%) with well‐controlled QT variability, whereas the power was reduced to 36% to 69% if supratherapeutic plasma concentrations were not achieved. The rate of false‐negative studies was acceptably low in placebo‐controlled SAD studies. With a drug with no or a small QT effect, supratherapeutic plasma concentrations, and well‐controlled variability of QT data, the power of SAD studies to exclude a relevant effect was above 70%.
Examining the interpersonal process and consequence of leader–member exchange comparison: The role of procedural justice climate
Authors: Tse Herman H. M. , Lam Catherine K. , Gu Jun , Lin Xiao Song 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIndividuals are always sensitive to their relative standing in interpersonal comparison processes of leader–member exchanges (LMXs) in teams. Little research, however, has investigated whether coworkers with a higher LMX influence the emotional and behavioral reactions of individuals with a lower LMX in different dyads. Drawing on social comparison theory and the symbolic model of procedural justice (PJ) climate, we conducted 2 independent studies—an experimental study focusing on the self‐perceived upward LMX comparison (i.e., an individual perceives that a coworker's LMX is higher than the LMX that he or she has with the supervisor; N = 203; Study 1: American working adults) and a field survey study focusing on the other‐perceived downward LMX comparison (i.e., a coworker perceives that his or her own LMX is higher than the LMX that the individual has with the supervisor; N = 177; Study 2: Chinese software engineers). Results from these studies consistently revealed that a coworker's higher LMX elicits an individual's hostile emotions when the PJ climate is low but that this relationship is buffered when the PJ climate is high. Results of both studies also showed that the coworker's higher LMX arouses the individual to direct harmful behavior toward that coworker (via the individual's feelings of hostility) when the PJ climate is low but not when it is high.