bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Course and Nerve Growth Factor Dependence of Inflammation-Induced Alterations in Electrophysiological Membrane Properties in Nociceptive Primary Afferent Neurons
Authors: Djouhri Laiche , Dawbarn Dave , Robertson Alan , Newton Richard , Lawson Sally N. 
Published: April 2018

Novel findings of changes in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons during hindlimb inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injections in the hindpaw and hindleg are reported. These include increased maximum fiber following frequency in nociceptive C- and Aδ-fiber units by 2.7 and 3 times, respectively, and increased incidence of ongoing (spontaneous) activity by 3.3 times (to 54%) and 2.4 times (to 27%), respectively. These changes and the CFA-induced changes in somatic action potential (AP) configuration in nociceptive neurons (Djouhri and Lawson, 1999) were incomplete 24 hr after CFA. The nerve growth factor (NGF) dependence of the inflammation-induced changes was examined by injecting a synthetic NGF sequestering protein [tyrosine receptor kinase A Ig2 (trkA Ig2)] with CFA and subsequently into the CFA injection sites. NGF sequestration prevented some CFA-induced changes in nociceptive neurons including: the increased fiber following frequency (C and Aδ), the increased proportions of units with ongoing activity (C and Aδ), the decreased AP duration (C and Aδ), but not the decreased afterhyperpolarization (AHP) durations (C, Aδ, and Aα/β) (Djouhri and Lawson, 1999). AP variables of nociceptive units with spontaneous activity were examined.The time course of electrophysiological changes in nociceptive units is consistent with processes involving altered protein expression and/or retrograde transport of factors. These results (1) implicate NGF in regulating inflammation-induced decreases in AP duration and in increases in firing rate and spontaneous activity but not in decreases in AHP duration and (2) suggest clinical advantages of reducing NGF in some inflammatory pain states.
Synchronous Oscillatory Activity in Immature Cortical Network Is Driven by GABAergic Preplate Neurons
Authors: Voigt Thomas , Opitz Thoralf , de Lima Ana D. 
Published: April 2018

Neurons dissociated from embryonic cerebral rat cortex form a differentiated network of synaptic connections and develop synchronous oscillatory network activity with the beginning of the second week in culture. During an initial phase lasting 3–4 d, synchronous calcium transients can be blocked completely by either CNQX or bicuculline, showing that both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons are required for the generation of this form of activity. By manipulating dissociation and growth conditions, cultures containing different populations of GABAergic neurons were obtained. These cultures revealed that a distinct population of large GABAergic neurons is a key element in the generation of synchronous oscillatory network activity. A minimal number of two large GABAergic neurons per square millimeter are required for the occurrence of synchronous activity. Changes in the density of all other types of GABAergic or non-GABAergic neurons has no influence on the synchronous activity. Electron microscopic analysis shows that the large GABAergic neurons form an interconnected network. Exceptionally high somatodendritic innervation and extended axonal arborization enable these neurons to collect electric network activity and to distribute it effectively throughout the neuronal network. Additional experiments indicated that most neurons developing in culture to large GABAergic neurons are derived from the primordial plexiform layer and reside in the subplate at the time of birth. We suggest that they function as an integrating element that synchronizes neuronal activity during early cortical development by collecting incoming extrinsic and intrinsic signals and distributing them effectively throughout the developing cortical plate.
Interleukin-1 Influences Ischemic Brain Damage in the Mouse Independently of the Interleukin-1 Type I Receptor
Authors: Touzani Omar , Boutin Herve , LeFeuvre Rosalind , Parker Lisa , Miller Andy , Luheshi Giamal , Rothwell Nancy 
Published: April 2018

The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) contributes to ischemic, excitotoxic, and traumatic brain injury. IL-1β actions depend on interaction with a single receptor (IL-1RI), which associates with an accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), and is blocked by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Here we show that in normal mice [wild-type (WT)], intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1ra markedly reduces (−50%;p< 0.01) ischemic brain damage caused by reversible occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, whereas injection of IL-1β exacerbates damage (+45%;p< 0.05).Mice lacking IL-1RI [IL-1RI knock-out (KO)] exhibited ischemic brain damage that is almost identical to that of the WT (infarct volume 43.7 ± 6.1 and 46.2 ± 6.2 mm3, respectively), but failed to respond to injection of IL-1ra. However, injection of IL-1β (intracerebroventricularly) exacerbated ischemic brain damage in IL-1RI KO (+61%;p< 0.001) and in WT mice (+45%). This effect of IL-1β was abolished by heat denaturation in all animals, and was reversed by IL-1ra in WT, but not IL-1RI KO mice. In contrast, IL-1RI KO mice were completely resistant to effects of IL-1β on food intake or body weight. IL-1RAcP mRNA was increased by stroke in WT, but reduced in IL-1RI KO mice compared with sham-operated mice. Type II IL-1 receptor mRNA was significantly increased 4 hr after ischemia in WT and IL-1RI KO (+20%) animals.These data show that IL-1β can exacerbate ischemic brain damage independently of IL-1RI and suggest the existence of additional signaling receptor or receptors for IL-1 in the brain.
Demographic Profile of Spinal Cord Injury Patients Admitted in a Rehabilitation Centre: An Observational Study from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Ziniya Mustary , Alam S. M. , Goni Md. Shujayt , Ahmed Faruq , Tawhid A K M , Ahmed Md. Shahoriar 
Published: April 2018

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life threating condition which has a profound impact in the morbidity and mortality. SCI causes lifetime sufferings and mostly occur among the young adults. Not only in Bangladesh but also worldwide, SCI is a devastating and burdensome condition. This research was conducted to see the demographic profile of SCI patients in Bangladesh.
Methods and Materials: This is a retrospective analysis where data was collected from medical records of all SCI patients admitted in between January 2012 to December 2014 from Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP), Savar.
Results: A total of 1172 SCI patients were analyzed. Most of the patients were in their second to third decade of life which consisted 28.8% (n=338). Among total respondents, 86.2% (n=1010) were male and 13.8% (n=162) were female. Most of the participants 61.1% (n=716) were from rural area. The main cause of SCI was fall from height (FFH) {45.8% (n = 537)} followed by the road traffic accidents (RTA) {24.7% (n = 288)}. Overall, 52.3% (n = 613) of participants suffered from traumatic paraplegia while 60.9% (n = 714) had complete lesion. Among the total participants, 30.70% (n = 359) of participants had skeletal level C1-C7 injury. Division-wise distribution shows that FFH is a major cause of SCI {14.84% (n = 174)} followed by the RTA which is a second most common cause in 8.95% (n = 105) of participants in Dhaka division while SCI due to bull attacks and bullet injury are a major cause in Khulna division {1.02% (n = 12)} and Chittagong division respectively.
Conclusion: The data is collected from a tertiary level of rehabilitation centre where extensive demographic data was not previously represented. In many developing countries SCI is neglected, poorly managed and deprived from society. In addition, the present study suggests that demographic factors may affect the characteristics of SCI.
The Role of Notch3 in Cancer
Authors: Aburjania Zviadi , Jang Samuel , Whitt Jason , Jaskula-Stzul Renata , Chen Herbert , Rose J. Bart 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The Notch family is a highly conserved gene group that regulates cell-cell interaction, embryogenesis, and tissue commitment. This review article focuses on the third Notch family subtype, Notch3. Regulation via Notch3 signaling was first implicated in vasculogenesis. However, more recent findings suggest that Notch3 signaling may play an important role in oncogenesis, tumor maintenance, and resistance to chemotherapy. Its role is mainly oncogenic, although in some cancers it appears to be tumor suppressive. Despite the wealth of published literature, it remains relatively underexplored and requires further research to shed more light on its role in cancer development, determine its tissue-specific function, and elaborate novel treatment strategies. Herein we summarize the role of Notch3 in cancer, possible mechanisms of its action, and current cancer treatment strategies targeting Notch3 signaling.

Implications for Practice
The Notch family is a highly conserved gene group that regulates cell-cell interaction, embryogenesis, and tissue commitment. This review summarizes the existing data on the third subtype of the Notch family, Notch3. The role of Notch3 in different types of cancers is discussed, as well as implications of its modification and new strategies to affect Notch3 signaling activity.
LA COMUNICACION INTERNA EN LA PRODUCCION ACADEMICA DE LA UNIVIERSIDAD PRIVADA Y PUBLICA EN PROGRAMAS DE ADMINISTRACION DE EMPRESAS DE MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA
Authors: Orrego Correa Clara Ines , Mu Mario Humberto 
Published: April 2018

El objetivo del presente articulo de investigaci6n consisti6 en analizar la comunicación interna en la productividad academica de la universidad privada y publica en el programa de administraci6n de empresas, en Medellin, Colombia. El disefio metodol6gico utilizado es cuantitativo. La tecnica fue la encuesta, aplicada mediante cuestionario a traves de la plataforma de Google Drive a un censo de 80 profesores y se obtuvo respuesta de 73 de ellos. El resultado revela que no existen diferencias en las opiniones de los profesores de la universidad publica y privada sobre la incidencia de la comunicaci6n formal e informal en la productividad academica. Respecto a las fuentes personales de informaci6n preferidas por los profesores, existen diferencias en las percepciones de los profesores de la universidad publica y privada: en la primera, la fuente preferida es el jefe de departamento seguido por los compafieros de trabajo; en la segunda, es el decano y a continuaci6n el jefe de departamento. Se concluy6 que los profesores en ambas universidades perciben que la comunicaci6n informal, comparada con la formal, tiene mayor incidencia en la productividad academica. ABSTRACTThis research paper focuses on the impact of internal communication related to academic productivity based on the professors opinions from private and public universities in Medellin, Colombia. Through a quantitative study by applying a Google Drive survey 80 professors were sampled obtaining a 91 % response rate (73 professors.) The results reveal that professors consider there are no differences related to the impact of formal and informal communication on academic productivity but talking about preferred sources of information, teachers have different opinions: some professors preferred their department boss followed by his co-workers, and others instead preferred the head director followed by a main director. As a conclusion, professors from both groups perceive that informal is more prevalent than formal communication on academic productivity.
CARACTERISTICAS SOCIOCULTURALES E HISTORICAS DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES DE BANDAS MUSICALES DE VIENTO EN LOS DEPARTAMENTOS DE CORDOBA Y SUCRE
Authors: Fortich Diaz William , Taboada Hernandez Ram , Prieto Baldovino Francia Helena 
Published: April 2018

El presente articulo es producto de la investigación "Las organizaciones de bandas musicales de viento y la preservación de su practica identitaria en el Caribe". Los casos de los departamentos de Sucre y C6rdoba, como muestra representativa del Caribe colombiano, se trabajaron con el auspicio de Colciencias. El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en describir las caracteristicas socioculturales e históricas de las Organizaciones de bandas musicales de viento y los generos por ellas interpretados en los departamentos de Córdoba y Sucre. La investigación fue orientada desde el enfoque cualitativo, de fundamentación hermeneutica, apoyada en la tecnica de analisis de documentos y la entrevista a una población de mas de 800 personas quienes, de una u otra forma, tienen una acción protagonista en las organizaciones musicales estudiadas. Como resultado se deja un aporte que contribuye a preservar la memoria histórica representada en las esteticas populares musicales del Caribe colombiano. Se concluyó que la labor musical de las organizaciones tipo bandas musicales de viento en Sucre y Córdoba se llevaba a cabo de manera cuasi empirica, y que casi siempre se utilizaron partituras tanto para los ensayos semanales como para las presentaciones en escenarios distintos a las fiestas de toros, los fandangos y otros festejos populares. ABSTRACTThis article is the result of research, Organizations bands of wind and the preservation of their identity practice in the Caribbean. The cases of Sucre and C6rdoba worked for the Colombian Caribbean sponsored by Colciencias; the aim was to describe the socio- cultural and historical characteristics of the organizations wind bands and genres performed by them in the departments of C6rdoba and Sucre. The research was guided from the qualitative approach, hermeneutics basis, based on the technical analysis of documents and interviews with a population of more than 800 people who in one way or another have an action hero in the studied musical organizations; result in a contribution that helps to preserve the historical memory represented in popular music aesthetic of the Colombian Caribbean is left; It was concluded that the musical work of the type organizations bands wind Sucre and Córdoba was carried out in a quasi-empirically, and almost always used scores for both weekly rehearsals, as for presentations at different venues to parties bulls and fandango and other popular festivities.
PERFIL DEL LIDER EN LA GESTION Y DIRECCION DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES MEXICANAS
Authors: Velazquez Valadez Guillermo 
Published: April 2018

El presente articulo es producto de una investigación, cuyo objetivo consistió en analizar un perfil del lider en la gestión y dirección de las organizaciones mexicanas. Con un enfoque cuantitativo, el tipo de investigación que se escogió fue Explorativo-Descriptivo, para lo cual, se siguió la siguiente metodologia: revisión de conceptos económicos y administrativos; calculo de la muestra; disefio de un instrumento de medición, procesamiento de datos estadisticos en un modelo correlacional y la obtención de un perfil idóneo del lider mexicano como resultado final, mismo que se basó en las respuestas proporcionadas por las personas encuestadas. Se concluyó que contar con un perfil del lider bien definido es esencial para el buen funcionamiento de un modelo de liderazgo en el contexto mexicano. Por otra parte, se percibió que el modelo de liderazgo empatico presenta una mayor probabilidad de detonar al capital humano de las organizaciones, por eso, los lideres mexicanos deben trabajar en dos ejes primordiales: la serenidad y el dominio de la tarea.
Design of Quasi-Cyclic Low Density Parity Check Decoder Using Optimized Min-Sum Algorithm
Authors: Mishra Rajarshini 
Published: April 2018

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) have been shown to have good error correcting performance approaching Shannon’s limit. Good error correcting performance enables efficient and reliable communication. However, a LDPC code decoding algorithm needs to be executed efficiently to meet cost , time, power and bandwidth requirements of target applications.
Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes are an important subclass of LDPC codes that are known as one of the most effective error controlling methods. Quasi cyclic codes are known to possess some degree of regularity. Many important communication standards such as DVB-S2 and 802.16e use these codes.
The proposed Optimized Min-Sum decoding algorithm performs very close to the Sum-Product decoding while preserving the main features of the Min-Sum decoding, that is low complexity and independence with respect to noise variance estimation errors.Proposed decoder is well matched for VLSI implementation and will be implemented on Xilinx FPGA family
The Effect of Personality, Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction on Teachers Organizational Citizenship Behavior at Public Vocational High School in DKI Jakarta Province
Authors: . Asari , Abdullah Thamrin , . Wibowo 
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research to study the effect of personality, organizational climate and job satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of teachers at public vocational high schools in Central Jakarta Administration city of Jakarta DKI Jakarta province. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey method. The population of this research is all civil servant teachers at 14 public vocational high schools in Central Jakarta Administration city area. The number of samples of the study were 212 teachers who were taken with the Slovin formula of a population of 451 teachers. The data collection research by questionnaires and then analyzed for statistically descriptive and inferential statistical path analysis. Based on the research hypothesis testing of the study found, 1)there is a direct positive effect of Personality on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 2)there is a direct positive effect of Organizational Climate on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 3)there is a direct positive effect of job satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 4)there is a direct positive effect of Personality on Job Satisfaction, and 5)there is a direct positive effect of Organizational Climate on Job Satisfaction
Learning by experience on the Innocence Project in London: the employer/employee environment
Authors: Hewitt Louise 
Published: April 2018

The Innocence Project London is a pro bono project dedicated to investigating wrongful convictions in the context of individuals who claim actual innocence i.e. they did not commit the crime for which they have been convicted. Law students undertake work on the cases of convicted individuals who have maintained their innocence but have exhausted the criminal appeals process. The only avenue available to these individuals is to make an application to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC), which was set up to investigate the cases of people who believe they have been wrongfully convicted. The CCRC has the power to refer a case back to the Court of Appeal but requires new evidence or a new legal argument not identified at the time of the trial, which might have changed the whole outcome of the trial had the jury had been given a chance to consider it.Whilst the notion of innocence projects has been much debated in literature the purpose of this paper is to present the pedagogy of the Innocence Project London and the meaningful learning opportunity it provides to students. The pedagogy combines experiential learning with elements of work based learning to create an employer/ employee environment. Law students are ‘employed’ to work on the Project where the employment process starts with a two-stage application. The clinical learning model on an innocence project is distinct from the traditional clinic approach, in that students start work at the end of a case rather than at the beginning. The problem-solving therefore is developed in the context of critical judgement based on what happened when the case was decided in court as opposed to how the case should be presented in court. The learning for the students has been significant.
Water Use Efficiency in Living Mulch and Annual Cover Crop Corn Production Systems
Authors: Sanders Zachary P. , Andrews Joshua S. , Hill Nicholas S. 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Living mulch cover crops help stabilize erosive soils when used with row crops.White clover living mulch systems use water in the surface 15 cm of soil.Supplemental irrigation is necessary to support a living mulch corn production system.Canopy closure induces soil moisture equilibration due to shading of the clover.Water use efficiency is less in the living mulch system, especially during drought.
Corn (Zea mays L.) comprises 95% of the feed grain production in the United States. The area dedicated to corn production in the southeastern United States has increased over the past decade, raising concerns about environmental degradation, and creating a need for more sustainable productions systems. One production system that addresses these concerns is the white clover (Trifolium repens L.) living mulch (LM). Previous research defined a sustainable LM system for corn production, but questions regarding water use efficiency (WUE) of the system remain. In this experiment, soil moisture was monitored in the top 30 cm of the soil, from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm, during the corn growing season in a LM, crimson clover (CC) (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and cereal rye (CR) (Secale cereale L.) cover crops. We found that soil volumetric water content (VWC) was greater in the CR treatment than in the LM throughout the growing season, whereas CC and LM were similar 60 days after planting (DAP). The VWC between corn rows was greater in the CR and CC treatments than the LM in both years of the study. The CC and CR treatments had greater WUE than the LM treatment in both years of the study. The WUE was reduced in cover crop treatments in 2016 compared with 2015, likely due to drought conditions in 2016. These results suggest the LM system may be best suited to regions with high rainfall, soils with high water holding capacity, and/or supplemental irrigation.
Grain Yield, Water Productivity, and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in Drip Irrigated Rice under Varying Nitrogen Rates
Authors: Rajwade Yogesh Anand , Swain Dillip Kumar , Tiwari Kamlesh Narayan , Singh Bhadoria Pratap Bhanu 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Effect of lateral spacing and varying N levels on rice was studied under subsurface drip irrigation.Crop growth and yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of drip irrigated rice were assessed.Nitrogen (NH4–N and NO3–N) dynamics was studied before and after fertilizer application.
Water and nitrogen (N) saving rice (Oryza sativa L.) technology is required to meet the future food demand with decreasing resource availability. This emphasizes the importance of micro irrigation systems in field crops. Given the context, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on rice grain yield, water and N use efficiency and soil N dynamics. A field experiment was conducted for rice cultivation (cultivar Naveen) under subsurface drip irrigation (DIR) with two lateral spacings (S40 and S60) and four N fertilizer levels (0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended dose) and puddle‐transplanted rice (PTR) at N100 during dry season of 2012 to 2013 and 2013 to 2014. The results of the study revealed significant increase in grain yield with increase in N fertilizer level from N0 to N50 or N75 in DIR. At N75, the DIR resulted in 73% recovery of applied N and 32% saving of water while attaining similar grain yield (5043 kg ha−1 in S40N75 and 4851 kg ha−1 in S60N75) as of PTR‐N100. The N dynamics revealed higher NH4+−N and NO3−–N contents in 0‐ to 18‐cm layer in DIR compared with PTR. Both drip lateral spacings did not show any significant differences in grain yield, water and N use efficiency. Hence, the subsurface drip irrigation with 60 cm lateral spacing and 25 to 50% lower N application could increase the water and N use efficiency of rice with similar grain yield as of PTR.