bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ice‐rafting patterns on the western Svalbard slope 74–0 ka: interplay between ice‐sheet activity, climate and ocean circulation
Authors: Jessen Simon P. , Rasmussen Tine L. 
Published: November 2018

The distribution of ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) is studied in three cores from the western Svalbard slope (1130–1880 m water depth, 76–78°N) covering the period 74–0 ka. The aim was to provide new insight into the dynamics of the Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4–1 to get a better understanding of ice‐sheet interactions with changes in ocean circulation and climate on orbital and millennial (Dansgaard–Oeschger events of stadial–interstadial) time scales. The results show that concentration, flux, composition and grain‐size of IRD vary with climate and ocean temperature on both orbital and millennial time scales. The IRD consists mainly of fragments of siltstones and mono‐crystalline transparent quartz (referred to as ‘quartz’). IRD dominated by siltstones has a local Svalbard–Barents Sea source, while IRD dominated by quartz is from distant sources. Local siltstone‐rich IRD predominates in warmer climatic phases (interstadials), while the proportion of allochthonous quartz‐rich IRD increases in cold phases (glacials and stadials/Heinrich events). During the Last Glacial Maximum and early deglaciation at 24–16.1 ka, the quartz content reached up to >90%. In warm climate, local iceberg calving apparently increased and the warmer ocean surface caused faster melting. During the glacial maxima (MIS 4 and MIS 2) and during cold stadials and Heinrich events, the local ice‐sheets must have been relatively stable with low ablation. During ice retreat phases of the MIS 4/3 and MIS 2/1 transitions, maxima in IRD deposition were dominated by local coarse‐grained IRD. These maxima correlate with episodes of climate warming, indicating a rapid, stepwise retreat of the Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet in phase with millennial‐scale climate oscillations.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine analogues or derivatives as anti‐helmintic drug
Authors: Zhou Shiyang , Chen Guangying , Huang Gangliang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Albendazole was used as the lead compound, which was modified by structural transformation and with alkyl groups. A total of 18 compounds (4a–4r) were designed and synthesized. The in vitro experiment results showed that compounds4e,4f,4k,4l,4qand4rhad good inhibitory effect on egg and imago of roundworm. IC50of compound4lto anti‐egg of roundworm was 0.65 ± 0.01 μmol/L and to anti‐imago of roundworm was 1.04 ± 0.01 μmol/L. At the same time, it showed that compound4lhad the best effect in vivo, and the rate of anti‐helmintic could reach more than 99%. The results of acute toxicity tests indicated that these compounds were with LD50> 2100 mg/kg by oral administration, so they were low toxicity compounds. In a word, compound4lwas most likely to be a new anti‐helmintic drug through screening in vitro and in vivo.
Dual experiences of teenage parenting and homelessness among Native Hawaiian youth: A critical interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Aparicio Elizabeth M. , Birmingham Andrea , Rodrigues Eri N. , Houser Carla 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTeenage parenting is a challenging venture—particularly when parenting while homeless. The present study explores in‐depth through case‐based analysis the lived experiences of three young homeless and parenting teens (one mother and two fathers). It is the first known study of teenage parenting and homelessness among Native Hawaiian youth, a key affected population. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of participants' individual interviews revealed three themes that characterize the experience of parenting as a teen while homeless: (a) They never raised me up (childhood experiences); (b) becoming mommy and daddy (early experiences of teen pregnancy and parenting while homeless); and (c) finding our place (current experiences of teen parenting and perspectives on teen pregnancy and homelessness). Implications for direct practice, social policy, and future research are discussed in the context of this complex reality.
Front Cover
Authors: Kvarnung Malin , Taylan Fulya , Nilsson Daniel , Anderlid Britt‐Marie , Malmgren Helena , Lagerstedt‐Robinson Kristina , Holmberg Eva , Burstedt Magnus , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Nordgren Ann , Lundberg Elisabeth S. 
Published: November 2018

The cover image is based on the Original Article Genomic screening in rare disorders: New mutations and phenotypes, highlighting ALG14 as a novel cause of severe intellectual disability, by Malin Kvarnung et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13448.
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Consumer purchase intentions for pork with enhanced carnosine–A functional food
Authors: Arenna  , Goddard Ellen , Muringai Violet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, Canadian consumers’ preferences for enhanced carnosine (a naturally occurring dipeptide that exhibits antiaging properties) in pork are examined. Carnosine is a relatively unknown nutrient to the public such that we are interested in understanding the relative merits of informing consumers of enhanced carnosine levels through a possible health claim, a nutrient content claim or including it in the nutrition facts table (NFT). As a basis of comparison, we include two other possible labels, a protein nutrient content claim, and a Verified Canadian Pork label (created by industry identifying food safety, animal care, traceability, and farm to table quality assurance attributes of the production system). Data were collected through an online survey that included a choice experiment and were analyzed using conditional logit and random parameters logit models. Compared to carnosine (as a functional attribute), consumers prefer the identification of protein content. In terms of labeling carnosine, consumers have higher willingness to pay for carnosine content included in a NFT than for nutrient or health claims. Higher levels of nutrition knowledge are associated with higher willingness to pay for the different pork attributes.
Does proximity to corporate headquarters enhance directors' monitoring effectiveness? A look at financial reporting quality
Authors: Firoozi Maryam , Magnan Michel , Fortin Steve 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResearch question/issueIn this study, using a unique Canadian setting that relies on a principle‐based corporate oversight environment and that has access to a large pool of U.S. directors, we investigate how directors' proximity to a firm's headquarters influences its financial reporting quality.Research findings/insightsOur results show that financial reporting quality is higher for firms whose boards (audit committees) consist of a greater proportion of independent directors who reside close to a firm's headquarters than for firms whose boards consist of directors who are more geographically dispersed. However, among nonlocal directors, the effect of nonlocal domestic directors on financial reporting quality is similar to the effect of local directors. In contrast, compared with local directors, the presence of U.S. directors has a negative impact on financial reporting quality.Theoretical/academic implicationsOur results suggest that directors' proximity to corporate headquarters extends beyond geographical proximity and also reflects directors' familiarity with a firm's institutional environment. Institutional familiarity helps domestic nonlocal directors reduce information costs associated with low geographical proximity, thus providing them with access to a wider range of information sources and enhancing their monitoring ability, at least for financial reporting. In contrast, foreign directors face information costs arising from both low geographical proximity and less familiarity with the institutional environment.Practitioner/policy implicationsFirms should take into consideration the consequences of nominating nonlocal directors on the monitoring of financial reporting quality. In addition, regulators should take a more comprehensive approach if they impose regulations such as board diversity initiatives, as regulatory pressures often imply appointing directors farther away from headquarters.
Determinants of Intangible Investment and Its Impacts on Firms' Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Private Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Yang Shenglang , Zhou Yixiao , Song Ligang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing data from the 2012 China Enterprise Survey conducted by the World Bank, this study examines the determinants of intangible investment by private manufacturing firms and its impacts on firms' productivity in China, thus shedding light on the recent development of intangibles in one of the largest emerging economies in the world. Higher human capital, larger firm size and better institutional quality are found to increase the propensity and the amount of intangible investment, yet fiercer market competition generally decreases both the propensity and the amount invested in intangibles. We provide evidence that the disaggregated components of intangibles are positively correlated with firm productivity and there is complementarity between software and organization investment. Implications for policies to enhance investment in intangibles are identified from the empirical results.
Balance through Agglomeration: A Race between Geography and Policy in China's Regional Development
Authors: Liu Yali , Lu Ming , Xiang Kuanhu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChanges in regional income gaps in China reflect the role of both the market and the government in the Chinese economy. Since 2003, government policies have aimed to distribute more resources to less developed areas. Although this process is accompanied by a narrowing interregional income gap, it does not represent real “convergence” between regions. From the perspective of spatial–political economics, the free movement of people is helpful to realize regional economic balance through agglomeration, while investment policies that deviate from the comparative advantage of less developed regions may lead to spatial misallocation of resources and unsustainable economic growth. In order to achieve further integration and development in the Chinese economy in the future, restrictions to the flow of production factors must be alleviated so that the market can truly become a decisive force for the allocation of resources.
High long‐term mortality after incident status epilepticus in adults: Results from a population‐based study
Authors: Rodin Emmely , Krogstad Martin H. , Aukland Preben , Lando Martin , Møller Harald S. , Gesche Joanna , Krøigård Thomas , Beier Christoph P. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo determine annual incidence, etiology, severity, and short‐ and long‐term mortality of first‐time, nonanoxic status epilepticus (SE) in adults in a population‐based retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe systematically identified all episodes of SE in the year 2014 on the island of Funen. Patients with SE due to anoxia, patients with recurrent SE, and patients <18 years old were excluded. Nonconvulsive SE in coma was diagnosed according to the Salzburg criteria. Etiology, semiology, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, survival, and the Status Epilepticus Severity Score were retrospectively determined from patients’ records. Patients with first‐time nonanoxic SE diagnosed during 2008‐2013 from our database (n = 88) were used to confirm the results.ResultsThe incidence of first‐time, nonanoxic SE in 2014 was 10.7/100 000 persons at risk (n = 41). Median Status Epilepticus Severity Score was 3; in‐hospital mortality was 24.4%. After median follow‐up of 39.2 months, 53.7% of the patients had died (age‐ and gender‐adjusted mortality rate of 5.2/100 000). Mortality stabilized 2 years after diagnosis. Analysis of the cohort from 2008‐2013 confirmed stabilization of survival after 2‐3 years and the high mortality 2 years after discharge. When correcting for acute symptomatic causes, the in‐hospital mortality was 16.7% and 46.7% at follow‐up (crude mortality rate of nonhypoxic and nonacute symptomatic SE = 3.5/100 000). An exploratory multivariate analysis of pooled patients with SE from 2008 to 2014 revealed mRS ≥ 2 at discharge as a prognostic factor for long‐term mortality.SignificanceIn this cohort, the overall mortality of first‐time nonhypoxic SE was >50%. Mortality of SE after discharge was substantially higher than in‐house mortality and stabilized after 2 years. The degree of disability as indicated by mRS at discharge was associated with long‐term mortality after discharge.
The repertoire of seizure onset patterns in human focal epilepsies: Determinants and prognostic values
Authors: Lagarde Stanislas , Buzori Sinziana , Trebuchon Agnès , Carron Romain , Scavarda Didier , Milh Mathieu , McGonigal Aileen , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveIn this study, we seek to analyze the determinants of the intracranial electroencephalography seizure onset pattern (SOP) and the impact of the SOP in predicting postsurgical seizure outcome.MethodsTo this end, we analyzed 820 seizures from 252 consecutive patients explored by stereo‐electroencephalography (total of 2148 electrodes), including various forms of focal refractory epilepsies. We used a reproducible method combining visual and time‐frequency analyses.ResultsWe described eight SOPs: low‐voltage fast activity (LVFA), preictal spiking followed by LVFA, burst of polyspikes followed by LVFA, slow wave/DC shift followed by LVFA, sharp theta/alpha waves, beta sharp waves, rhythmic spikes/spike‐waves, and delta‐brush. LVFA occurred in 79% of patients. The seizure onset pattern was significantly associated with (1) underlying etiology (burst of polyspikes followed by LVFA with the presence of a focal cortical dysplasia, LVFA with malformation of cortical development, postvascular and undetermined epilepsies), (2) spatial organization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ; burst of polyspikes followed by LVFA with focal organization, slow wave/DC shift followed by LVFA with network organization), and (3) postsurgical seizure outcome (better outcome when LVFA present).SignificanceThis study demonstrates that the main determinants of the SOP are the underlying etiology and the spatial organization of the EZ. Concerning the postsurgical seizure outcome, the main determinant factor is the spatial organization of the EZ, but the SOP plays also a role, conferring better prognosis when LVFA is present.
New insights into host adaptation to swine respiratory disease revealed by genetic differentiation and RNA sequencing analyses
Authors: Zhang Mingpeng , Huang Tao , Huang Xiaochang , Tong Xinkai , Chen Jiaqi , Yang Bin , Xiao Shijun , Guo Yuanmei , Ai Huashui , Huang Lusheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSwine respiratory disease (SRD) causes massive economic losses in the swine industry and is difficult to control and eradicate on pig farms. Here, we employed population genetics and transcriptomics approaches to decipher the molecular mechanism of host adaptation to swine respiratory disease. We recorded two SRD‐related traits, the enzootic pneumonia‐like (EPL) score and lung lesion (LL) levels, and performed four body weight measurements, at ages of 150, 180, 240, and 300 days, in a Chinese Bamaxiang pig herd (n = 314) raised under consistent indoor rearing conditions. We divided these animals into disease‐resistant and disease‐susceptible groups based on the most likely effects of both SRD‐related traits on their weight gain, and performed genetic differentiation analyses in these two groups. Significant loci showing the top 1% of genetic differentiation values, exceeding the threshold of p = 0.005 set based on 1,000‐times permutation tests, were defined as candidate regions related to host resistance or susceptibility to SRD. We identified 107 candidate genes within these regions, which are mainly involved in the biological processes of immune response, fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and growth factor signaling pathways. Among these candidate genes, TRAF6, CD44, CD22, TGFB1, CYP2B6, and SNRPA were highlighted due to their central regulatory roles in host immune response or fat metabolism and their differential expression between healthy lung tissues and lung lesions. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of host resistance or susceptibility to respiratory disease in pigs and are of significance for the breeding pigs resistant to respiratory disease in the swine industry.
Study of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) regime shifts in the Iberian Atlantic shelf waters
Authors: Cabrero Águeda , González‐Nuevo Gonzalo , Gago Jesús , Cabanas Jose Manuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSardine fisheries in the Iberian Atlantic shelf (36°N–44.5°N) show decadal‐scale cycles. In the late 1990s, a positive phase in sardine stock was expected; on the contrary, catches have declined until now. Regime shifts in climatic and oceanographic variables on different scales (as forcing factor) and shifts in sardine stock (as result) have been used with the aim of identifying the physical variables that explain most of the sardine population variance in the region. Circa 1998, when last sardine regime shift was detected, the main patterns of large‐scale atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere with influence in the study area namely Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic (EA) pattern changed and coupled in a combination that led to a rise in sea surface temperature and a decline in the coastal upwelling intensity. Several years with a downwelling situation in average in the main spawning and feeding Iberian sardine areas would have affected the stock abundance, averting the return to the projected positive regime. The sardine negative regime shift was detected first in the regions of the study located further north. The regional variable latent heat flux that groups a set of environmental processes related to the ocean–atmosphere heat exchanges and so with the turbulence manages to explain the 72% of sardine recruitment.
Bridging the divide between human and physical geography: Potential avenues for collaborative research on climate modeling
Authors: Colven Emma , Thomson Marcus J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite repeated calls for greater collaboration between physical and human geographers, the unique interdisciplinary potential of geography remains largely underutilized. Yet geographers are well positioned to take a leading role in the interdisciplinary turn in climate‐related research. This paper explores the possibilities for physical and human geographers to collaborate within and beyond the discipline, specifically on the topic of climate modeling. We first examine geographical research critically examining the production and circulation of climate knowledge. Drawing on insights from a recent literature called “Critical Physical Geography,” we then outline how geographers might engage in collaborative and interdisciplinary work in order to promote more democratic practices of producing climate knowledge, enrich understandings of climate change, and more effectively serve goals of social and environmental justice. We argue that both the discipline of geography and the field of climate research stand to gain enormously from geographers' efforts to talk across the divide between social and natural science within and beyond the boundaries of geography.
The effect of emicizumab prophylaxis on health‐related outcomes in persons with haemophilia A with inhibitors: HAVEN 1 Study
Authors: Oldenburg Johannes , Mahlangu Johnny N. , Bujan Willem , Trask Peter , Callaghan Michael U. , Young Guy , Asikanius Elina , Peyvandi Flora , Santagostino Elena , Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca , Negrier Claude , Kessler Craig , Xu Jin , Windyga Jerzy , Shima Midori , von Mackensen Sylvia 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionPersons with haemophilia A (PwHA) with inhibitors to factor VIII often experience decreased health‐related outcomes. In HAVEN 1 (NCT02622321), there was a statistically significant reduction in bleeding with emicizumab prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis.AimDescribe health‐related outcomes in PwHA with inhibitors in HAVEN 1.MethodsPwHA with inhibitors aged ≥12 years previously on episodic bypassing agents (BPAs) were randomized to emicizumab prophylaxis (Arm A; n = 35) or no prophylaxis (Arm B; n = 18); participants previously on BPA prophylaxis received emicizumab prophylaxis (Arm C; n = 49). Health‐related outcomes assessed at baseline and monthly thereafter: Haemophilia Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults (Haem‐A‐QoL), Haemophilia‐specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children Short Form (Haemo‐QoL SF), EuroQol 5‐Dimensions 5‐Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L) index utility score (IUS) and visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS) and work/school days. Days hospitalized also recorded.ResultsAt week 25, differences (ANCOVA) in adjusted mean scores (95% confidence interval) favoured Arm A versus B for Haem‐A‐QoL “Total” score (14.0 [5.6, 22.5]; P = 0.002) and “Physical Health” (21.6 [7.9, 35.2]; P = 0.003); EQ‐VAS (−9.7 [−17.6, −1.82]; P = 0.017); and IUS (−0.16 [−0.25, −0.07]; P = 0.001); mean scores are comparable in Arms A and C. Throughout the study, a greater proportion of participants on emicizumab prophylaxis than no prophylaxis exceeded questionnaire‐specific responder thresholds. Mean proportion of missed work days and number of days hospitalized were lower with emicizumab prophylaxis than no prophylaxis.ConclusionsIn PwHA with inhibitors, emicizumab prophylaxis was associated with substantial and meaningful improvements in health‐related outcomes.
Prevalence of FVIII inhibitors in severe haemophilia A patients: Effect of treatment and genetic factors in an Indian population
Authors: David Sachin , Nair Sukesh C. , Singh G. Surender , Alex Ansu Abu , Ganesan Saravanan , Palani Hamenth Kumar , Balasundaram Nithya , Lakshmi Kavitha M. , Joshi Aditi , Kannan S. , Korula Anu , Nambiatheyil Aboobacker Fouzia , Abraham Aby , George Biju , Apte Shashikant Janardan , Srivastava Alok , Mathews Vikram 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionFactor replacement therapy in treatment of haemophilia A is complicated by the production of neutralising antibodies known as inhibitors. The formation of inhibitors is multifactorial being associated with both genetic and environmental factors.AimTo document the prevalence of inhibitors in severe haemophilia in the community where most patients receive only infrequent episodic replacement therapy and evaluate the factors which could be contributing to it.MethodsCommunity based camps were conducted in different parts of the country. Patients were assessed through a structured questionnaire and blood samples were obtained for laboratory evaluation of inhibitors and defined immunological parameters.ResultsInhibitors were present in 87/447 (19.5%) of the evaluated patients. High‐titre inhibitor (>5 Bethesda Units [BU]) was identified in 31 (35.6%) patients. HLA DRB1‐13‐positive cases (RR = 2.04; 95% CI 1.06‐3.911; P = 0.033) had an increased risk of inhibitor formation which was retained in the high‐titre subset. A decreased risk of inhibitor formation was noted with heterozygous IL4‐590 C/T allele (RR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.108‐0.442: P = 0.000). There were no significant correlations between any of the evaluated environmental factors and the development of inhibitors in this study.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of inhibitors in patients with severe haemophilia A is similar to that reported among patients receiving regular replacement therapy. The data from this study, limited by its retrospective and cross‐sectional study design, would suggest that genetic rather than environmental are more likely to impact the development of inhibitors.