bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic over‐expression of ubiquitin impairs learning, reduces synaptic plasticity, and enhances GRIA receptor turnover in mice
Authors: Vaden Jada H. , Tian Tina , Golf Samantha , McLean John W. , Wilson Julie A. , Wilson Scott M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUbiquitin is an essential signaling protein that controls many different cellular processes. While cellular ubiquitin levels normally cycle between pools of free and conjugated ubiquitin, the balance of these ubiquitin pools can be shifted by exposure to a variety of cellular stresses. Altered ubiquitin pools are also observed in several neurological disorders, suggesting that imbalances in ubiquitin homeostasis may contribute to neuronal dysfunction. To examine the effects of increased ubiquitin levels on the mammalian nervous system, we generated transgenic mice that express ubiquitin under the control of the Thy1.2 promoter. While we did not detect global changes in levels of ubiquitin conjugates in the hippocampus, we found that increasing ubiquitin levels reduced AMPA (GRIA1‐4) receptor expression without affecting the levels of NMDA (GRIN) or GABAA receptors. Ubiquitin over‐expression also negatively impacted hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory as well as baseline excitability and synaptic plasticity at hippocampal CA3‐CA1 synapses. These changes occurred in a dose‐dependent manner in that mice with the highest levels of ubiquitin over‐expression had the greatest deficits in synaptic function and were the most impaired in the learning and memory tasks. As chronic elevation of ubiquitin expression in neurons is sufficient to cause changes in synaptic function and cognition, altered ubiquitin homeostasis may be an important contributor to the stress‐induced changes observed in neurological disorders.
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Ligamentous structures in human glans penis
Authors: Lee Shin‐Hyo , Ha Tae‐Jun , Koh Ki‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe corpus spongiosum reportedly occupies a larger proportion of the human glans penis than does the penile body, embedding the end of the corpus cavernosus (CC). However, anatomic descriptions about the fibrous structures of glans penis in the literature cause confusion during dissection and reconstructive surgery. Forty‐five penises of formalin‐embalmed cadavers were dissected sagittally along the course of the distal urethra and observed macroscopically. Dense connective tissues adjacent to the fossa navicularis and spongiosum parts of the glans were cropped, and underwent Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff‐Van‐Gieson staining. Most (55.5%) of the specimens had distinct fibrous bands toward the distal tips of the glans penis, which elongated from the tunica albuginea of the CC. They comprised longitudinal collagen bundles continuous to the outer longitudinal layer of the tunica albuginea covering the CC and were intermingled with sparse elastic fibres. This architecture either did not reach the distal end of the glans penis (35.5% of cases), or was obscure or dispersed in all directions (9.0% of cases). The structural dimorphism and the variations in the ratio of dense connective tissue components of the fibrous skeleton are considered to contribute to the varying degrees of flexibility, distensibility and rigidity of the human glans penis.
Dose‐dependent effects of continuous positive airway pressure for sleep apnea on weight or metabolic function: Individual patient‐level clinical trial meta‐analysis
Authors: Hoyos Camilla M. , Murugan Swati M. , Melehan Kerri L. , Yee Brendon J. , Phillips Craig L. , Killick Roo , Cayanan Elizabeth A. , Wong Keith K. , Liu Peter Y. , Grunstein Ronald R. , Marshall Nathaniel S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryTherapeutic‐continuous positive airway pressure seems to increase weight compared with placebo‐continuous positive airway pressure. It is not known whether weight gain with therapeutic‐continuous positive airway pressure dose is dependent or whether it causes metabolic dysfunction. Data synthesis of three randomised placebo‐continuous positive airway pressure‐controlled trials (2–3 months) was performed to test whether there is a dose‐dependent effect of continuous positive airway pressure on weight. Fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment), lipids and visceral abdominal fat were also tested to determine any effect on metabolic function. Mixed‐model analysis of variance was used to quantify these effects. One‐hundred and twenty‐eight patients were analysed. Overall there was a small increase in weight with therapeutic‐continuous positive airway pressure use compared with placebo‐continuous positive airway pressure (difference: 1.17 kg; 0.37–1.97, p = 0.005), which was greater with high‐use therapeutic‐continuous positive airway pressure compared with high‐use placebo‐continuous positive airway pressure (1.45 kg; 0.10–2.80, p = 0.04). Continuous positive airway pressure use as a continuous variable was also significantly associated with weight change in continuous positive airway pressure users (0.30 kg hr−1 night−1; 0.04–0.56, p = 0.001), but not in placebo users (0.04 kg hr−1 night−1; −0.22 to 0.26, p = 0.76). Neither therapeutic‐continuous positive airway pressure nor the dose of therapeutic‐continuous positive airway pressure caused any changes to metabolic outcomes. The weight gain effects of medium‐term therapeutic‐continuous positive airway pressure appear modest and are not accompanied by any adverse metabolic effects.
Upper airway stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea improves glucose metabolism and reduces hedonic drive for food
Authors: Steffen Armin , Chamorro Rodrigo , Buyny Laura , Windjäger Anne , Wilms Britta , Hasselbacher Katrin , Wollenberg Barbara , Lehnert Hendrik , Schmid Sebastian M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUpper airway stimulation is a new and effective second‐line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but possible consequences on glucose metabolism and central regulation of food intake are unclear. Twenty patients were prospectively studied before and 12 months after obstructive sleep apnea treatment by upper airway stimulation. Respiratory parameters and daytime sleepiness were assessed to document effectiveness of treatment. Glucose metabolism was assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test, and hedonic versus homeostatic drive to eat was characterized. At 12 months, upper airway stimulation significantly improved measures of obstructive sleep apnea (all p < 0.01). Despite no change in body weight, fasting C‐peptide insulin resistance index (p = 0.01) as well as insulin and C‐peptide levels at 60 min during the oral glucose tolerance test (p < 0.02) were reduced. Hedonic drive to eat was strongly reduced (p < 0.05), while leptin and ghrelin remained unchanged (p > 0.15). Upper airway stimulation is effective in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and improves glucose metabolism. Reduced hedonic drive to eat might contribute to these metabolic improvements. These promising findings are in need for long‐term controlled evaluation of metabolic sequelae of upper airway stimulation and to mechanistically evaluate the metabolic benefits of upper airway stimulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Age and Cultural Gender Equality as Moderators of the Gender Difference in the Importance of Religion and Spirituality: Comparing the United Kingdom, France, and Germany
Authors: Robinson Oliver C. , Hanson Karina , Hayward Guy , Lorimer David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA range of research studies has found that women report greater importance of religion and spirituality in their lives than men do. This study extends the literature on this phenomenon, and the theories that aim to explain it, by looking at whether gender differences in the three European countries (the United Kingdom, France, and Germany) differ by adult age group (young adults 18–39, midlifers 40–59, and older adults 60+), and by the cultural gender equality of the countries in question. Participants provided data on the importance of religiosity and spirituality to their life. Significant gender differences were found within all three countries, for each of the three age groups. In line with predictions based on Global Gender Gap Report 2016, Germany showed the smallest difference, followed by France and the United Kingdom. Gender differences were smaller in the young adult samples than for midlife adults or older adults.
Tree selection is linked to locomotor performance and associated noise production in a lizard
Authors: MacLeod Kirsty J. , Freidenfelds Nicole A. , Leighton Gavin M. , Langkilde Tracy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicrohabitat preference can be an important determinant of individual fitness. Differential use of microhabitats (such as substrate type) can confer or facilitate increased ability to evade or escape predators, and catch prey, for example by influencing sprint speed and noise produced by movement. However, there have been few studies that demarcate whether substrate use influences traits like these. Additionally, the importance of auditory crypsis and locomotor performance for microhabitat selection has been historically under‐studied, especially when compared to the importance of facilitating visual crypsis. We investigate substrate (tree) type use, and the influence of substrate types on both sprint performance and level of noise produced by movement, in fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus). In our study sites, fence lizards inhabit mixed woodland where deciduous and coniferous trees exist at approximately equal frequency. We show a strong bias in tree use, with lizards being found more frequently on deciduous trees. Using acoustic and video recordings of lizards moving on trees of both types, we demonstrate that lizards sprint faster and their movement appears to generate less noise on deciduous trees, providing a possible basis for their increased use of this tree type. These data suggest that lizards use substrates on which they are more likely to evade auditory detection and can sprint quickly to refuge or capture prey. We conclude that factors other than visual camouflage may be important in determining substrate use and should also be considered in studies of microhabitat selection.
A Systematic Analysis of Experimental Studies Targeting Fractions for Students with Mathematics Difficulties
Authors: Hwang Jiwon , Riccomini Paul J. , Hwang Seok Yoon , Morano Stephanie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDeveloping an understanding of fractions is critical and is an educational focus, as reflected in national standards and principles. This study conducted a quantitative synthesis of 22 experimental studies to investigate the overall efficacy of previously conducted fraction interventions compared to standard instruction. Instruction type and achievement level were used to examine variations of the effect sizes. The results indicated that intervention was more effective than standard instruction only in problem‐solving domains, and the effects were differentiated by instruction type and achievement level. This study provides a diagnostic view of the current state of U.S. mathematics education on fractions, along with insights for future directions in fraction instruction, particularly focusing on students with mathematics difficulties. Educational implications and limitations are discussed.
Use of Delphi approach to develop indicators and preferences for restoration of balance in Dal Lake fisheries
Authors: Qureshi Neha W. , Krishnan M. , Srinivasa Aditya K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDal Lake, Kashmir, is the jewel in the crown of India. The present study addresses the issue of lake sustainability by conducting a two‐round Delphi survey to elicit views and build consensus on the relative importance of the impacts of restoration of Dal Lake and its fisheries. The Friedman and Kendall W tests, along with post hoc Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, were used to detect the presence of rank patterns and rank convergence. The general consensus among the experts was a call for the restoration of the Schizothorax fishery in Dal Lake. The survey also called for a drastic reduction in the spread and intensity of vegetable farming practices, as well as containing an inherent appeal for easing tourism‐based development of Dal Lake area. The survey also supports controlled vegetable farming as a supplementary income source.
Bathymetric survey of Lake Naivasha and its satellite Lake Oloiden in Kenya; using acoustic profiling system
Authors: Maina Caroline W. , Sang Joseph K. , Mutua Benedict M. , Raude James M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLakes and reservoirs play important roles as freshwater sources for domestic, industrial, agricultural, fisheries and recreational purposes. However, for the lakes to be sustainably exploited, there is need to understand their bathymetric characteristics by conducting bathymetric surveys. This aids in generating information that can guide lakes stakeholders and managers in establishing the volume of available water. It is recommended, therefore, that bathymetric surveys be conducted at ten‐year intervals. Such continuous bathymetric information is lacking in many lakes, especially in developing countries. One example is Lake Naivasha in Kenya, which is largely exploited for various socio‐economic purposes. Despite its importance, its most recent published bathymetric data were collected in 1991. The goal of the present study, therefore, was to conduct a bathymetric survey of Lake Naivasha and its satellite Lake Oloiden, using an Acoustic Profiling System (APS) to generate Depth–Area–Volume relationships for the lakes. The survey results indicate the in the year 2016 mean depth, volume and surface area of the lake were 4.68 m, 722 × 106 m3 and 154.17 × 106 m2, respectively. Because of limited information from the 1991 survey, the 2016 survey results were comparable with those of 1983. The difference in the lakes mean, and maximum depth for the 1983 and 2016 survey was less by 0.23 and 2 m, respectively. This could be an indicator the lake is being affected by anthropogenic activities or environmental changes. The established Depth–Area–Volume relationships are crucial since they provide invaluable information to lake and water resources managers for making informed decisions regarding management of the lake's water resources.
Temperature‐induced range expansion of a subtropical crab along the California coast
Authors: Sadowski Jason S. , Gonzalez Julie A. , Lonhart Steve I. , Jeppesen Rikke , Grimes Tracy M. , Grosholz Edwin D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe describe the range expansion and first occurrence of the subtropical crab Portunus xantusii (Stimpson, 1860) in northern California during 2016 and link the range expansion to the regional extreme water temperature event during this time. We collected P. xantusii occurrence data from crab trapping surveys conducted along the California coast as well as incidental observations by fishermen and SCUBA divers. We then analyzed 10 years of regional offshore temperature patterns using National Data Buoy Center data around the trapping region. We also examined evidence of northern California warm water refugia using sensors monitoring Tomales Bay, Elkhorn Slough, and San Francisco Bay. We found that P. xantusii was present in every major estuary north of Monterey Bay and as far north as Tomales Bay and that the documented range expansion was likely due to the unusual oceanographic event that occurred northern California during this time period. Mean offshore temperatures and mean nearshore temperatures during 2014–2016 were about 2°C (one standard deviation) higher than the 2006–2013 mean, with extreme temperatures reaching three standard deviations above the 2006–2013 mean. We suggest that this unusual warm water event permitted survival of dispersing larvae of P. xantusii larvae northward via coastal currents, and that the extended warm water period allowed P. xantusii to complete its development. Long‐term crab trapping programs in place since 1994 within this region provide robust support for the absence of P. xantusii prior to 2016. Temperature data indicate that the estuaries in which adult P. xantusii was found could allow persistence of adult P. xantusii in northern California.
The temporal relationship of daily life stress, emotions, and bowel symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome—Diarrhea subtype: A smartphone‐based experience sampling study
Authors: Chan Yawen , So Suzanne Ho‐wai , Mak Arthur Dun Ping , Siah Kewin Tien Ho , Chan Wai , Wu Justin C. Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe current study aimed to model the moment‐to‐moment relationship between daily life stress, emotions, and bowel symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome—diarrhea subtype (IBS‐D) in the flow of daily life using a smartphone‐based experience sampling method (ESM).MethodsPatients with IBS‐D (N = 27) and healthy controls (HC; N = 30) completed ESM ratings of their real‐time daily life stress, which was defined as subjective stress related to daily activities, both positive and negative emotions, as well as bowel symptoms eight times a day for 14 consecutive days, following a baseline interview measuring bowel and mood symptoms. Moment‐to‐moment association between ESM variables was tested within and between groups using multilevel regression modeling.Key ResultsPatients with IBS‐D reported more severe bowel symptoms and lower positive affect than HCs, but levels of daily life stress and negative affect were comparable between groups. Time‐lagged analysis of ESM data revealed that, among patients with IBS‐D, daily life stress predicted a decrease in abdominal pain and urgency to defecation at a subsequent time point, whereas severity of bowel symptoms and occurrence of diarrhea predicted a subsequent increase in negative affect and daily life stress. The above associations were not found among HCs.Conclusions and InferencesESM unveiled the dynamic relationship between bowel symptoms, stress, and emotionality. Patients with IBS‐D responded to bowel symptoms with more stress and distress momentarily. Counter‐intuitively, daily life activity stress appeared to ameliorate bowel symptoms, although a more rigorous study design is required to testify this claim. Psychological understanding of IBS‐D is discussed.
Mechanisms of plant–soil feedback: interactions among biotic and abiotic drivers
Authors: Bennett Jonathan A. , Klironomos John 
Published: November 2018

Contents

Summary
91

I.
Introduction
91

II.
Primary PSF mechanisms
91

III.
Factors mediating the mechanisms of PSF
93

IV.
Conclusions and future directions
94

Acknowledgements
95

Author contributions
95

References
95

SummaryPlant–soil feedback (PSF) occurs when plants alter soil properties that influence the performance of seedlings, with consequent effects on plant populations and communities. Many processes influence PSF, including changes in nutrient availability and the accumulation of natural enemies, mutualists or secondary chemicals. Typically, these mechanisms are investigated in isolation, yet no single mechanism is likely to be completely responsible for PSF as these processes can interact. Further, the outcome depends on which resources are limiting and the other plants and soil biota in the surrounding environment. As such, understanding the mechanisms of PSF and their role within plant communities requires quantification of the interactions among the processes influencing PSF and the associated abiotic and biotic contexts.
The Gender Wage Gap in Europe: Job Preferences, Gender Convergence and Distributional Effects
Authors: Redmond Paul , Mcguinness Seamus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe gender wage gap has declined over time. However, most of the remaining gap is unexplained, partly because of gender convergence in wage‐determining characteristics. In this paper, we show the degree of convergence differs substantially across Europe. In some countries, predominantly in Eastern Europe, the gender wage gap is entirely unexplained. However, in other countries, differences between the characteristics of men and women explain a relatively large proportion of the wage gap. Gender differences in job preferences contribute 10% to the wage gap, which is more than job tenure, previous employment status or field of study. The role of job preferences is particularly strong at the top of the wage distribution.
Morphological dissection and cellular and transcriptome characterizations of bamboo pith cavity formation reveal a pivotal role of genes related to programmed cell death
Authors: Guo Lin , Sun Xuepeng , Li Zhongru , Wang Yujun , Fei Zhangjun , Jiao Chen , Feng Jianyuan , Cui Dingfan , Feng Xingyu , Ding Yulong , Zhang Chunxia , Wei Qiang 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPith cavity formation is critical for bamboo to overcome the bending force during its fast growth; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Multiple approaches, including anatomical dissection, mathematical modelling and transcriptome profiling, were employed in this study to investigate the biology of pith cavity formation in bambooPseudosasa japonica. We found that the corruption of pith tissue occurred sequentially and asymmetrically from the top‐centre of the internode down to the bottom, which might be caused by the combined effects of asymmetrical radial and axial tensile forces during shoot‐wall cell elongation and spiral growth of bamboo internodes. Programmed cell death (PCD) in pitch manifested byTUNELpositive nuclei,DNAcleavage and degraded organelles, and potentially regulated by ethylene and calcium signalling pathway,ROSburst, cell wall modification, proteolysis and nutrient recycle genes, might be responsible for pith tissue corruption ofPs. japonica. Although similar physiological changes and transcriptome profiles were found in different bamboo species, different formation rates of pith cavity were observed, which might be caused by different pith cells across the internode that were negatively correlated with the culm diameter. These findings provided a systematical view on the formation of bamboo pith cavity and revealed thatPCDplays an important role in the bamboo pith cavity formation.
Apology for the Theory of the State and Law: A New Concept of Law and Justice in Modern Legal Communication
Authors: Krawietz Werner 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConcerning the need for a new conception of legal theory one question arises, above all, especially when external and internal observation as well as the critical reflexion on the premises and presuppositions of all dealings with the law permit a degree of distance, the question, namely, whether it is not an increasing application of scientific methods that is needed, in the sense that the development of a theory from the beginning involves the integration of a norm‐descriptive point of view and intellectual standpoint with the norm‐ prescriptive theory of law, by way of complementing each other, as it were (multilevel approach to law). This, at least, appears to be the only way of also clarifying the relationship between legal theory and philosophy and the theory and sociology of law. The inevitable consequences of the development of a theory of norms and action also have to be drawn from this.