bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking and Smoking Cessation Among Criminal Justice–Involved Older Adults
Authors: Ahalt Cyrus , Buisker Timothy , Myers Janet , Williams Brie 
Published: March 2019

Background: In jails and prisons worldwide, older adults are among the fastest growing demographic groups. Criminal justice–involved populations smoke tobacco at high rates. Older adults are also disproportionate smokers and have more difficulty quitting smoking than other age groups. Yet, little is known about tobacco use or knowledge and attitudes toward smoking cessation among the growing population of incarcerated older adults. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey study of 102 adults aged 55 years or older recently incarcerated in an urban jail using items from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Results: More than 70% of participants reported being current smokers despite strong knowledge (95%) of the connection between smoking and serious illness. More than half of current smokers reported a past failed quit attempt (62%) and/or said they would like to quit (60%). Conclusions: High rates of tobacco use in this population suggest that correctional institutions represent a critical site for the delivery of appropriate smoking cessation interventions to older adults, including integrated treatment approaches for those with co-occurring behavioral health diagnoses.
Identifying Clinical Predictors of Switching From Direct Oral Anticoagulants to Warfarin
Authors: Rollins Amber , Hanigan Sarah , Pogue Kristen , Renner Elizabeth , Barnes Geoffrey , Dorsch Michael 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been shown to be as effective or superior to warfarin, but warfarin use remains constant. Knowledge regarding the patient population who have switched from a DOAC to warfarin is limited. The objective of this study was to identify clinical predictors which may influence a patient’s likelihood of switching from a DOAC to warfarin for atrial fibrillation (AF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: In this single-center, case-control study, patients who switched from a DOAC to warfarin were compared with patients who remained on a DOAC. Baseline demographics were compared between the switch and control groups. Independent factors that increased the likelihood of switching from a DOAC to warfarin were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: A total of 150 patients were included in the control (n = 100) and switch (n = 50) groups. Patients switched from a DOAC to warfarin had more medications at baseline (9 [7, 13] vs 11 [8, 18], P = 0.009). The presence of heart failure (HF) increased the likelihood of switching (odds ratio [OR] = 3.95, confidence interval [CI] = 1.70-9.21, P = 0.002), and for every 10 mL/min increase in creatinine clearance (CrCl), the likelihood of switching decreased ( R = 0.89 [0.80-0.99], P = 0.026). Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) were less likely to switch from a DOAC to warfarin (OR = 0.20, CI = 0.05-0.86, P = 0.031). Explicitly listed reasons for switching included left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation (20%) and valve replacement procedures (20%). Conclusion: Congestive HF was a clinical predictor associated with an increased likelihood of switching from a DOAC to warfarin. Anticoagulation therapy for PE and higher CrCl was associated with a decreased likelihood in switching from DOAC to warfarin.
Medium- to long-term results of acromioclavicular joint stabilisation using the Ligament Augmentation Reconstruction System (LARS) ligament
Authors: Hunter Thomas JA , Abdus-Samee Mohammed , Balasubramanian Sivaraman , Grocott Natalie , McClelland Damian 
Published: March 2019

Background Opinion is divided as to optimum management of grade III acromioclavicular joint injuries that have failed conservative management. We objectively investigated the radiological and functional outcome of acromioclavicular joint reconstruction using the Ligament Augmentation Reconstruction System (LARS®). Methods Retrospective review of patients with LARS reconstruction of acromioclavicular joint dislocations with minimum six-year follow-up. Functional assessment was performed using the constant score, Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand score and simple satisfaction score. Radiological assessment was undertaken using plain radiographs. Results were compared with the uninjured limb. Results Twenty-four of 25 patients were included. Mean constant score for the injured shoulder was 87.0, Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand score was 11.6. All patients indicated that they would have the operation again. There were five complications including two patients that suffered small cracks in the clavicle. Coracoid erosion was frequently seen but was most often minor. In two cases, this resulted in a complete dissociation of the coracoid tip but without functional detriment. Discussion LARS is a safe and effective method of acromioclavicular joint reconstruction producing good results, and we recommend its use for these injuries. We also caution clinicians who use cerclage methods to be aware of coracoid erosion when following up their patients.
Time to Insulin Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in 2010/2011 and 2016/2017 in Germany
Authors: Kostev Karel , Gölz Stefan , Scholz Bernd-M. , Kaiser Marcel , Pscherer Stefan 
Published: March 2019

Background: The aim of the current study was to determine whether the time to insulin therapy initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care in Germany has changed in recent years. Methods: Longitudinal data from general practices in Germany (Disease Analyzer) were analyzed. These data included information of 7128 patients (age: 68.5 [SD: 11.5] years; 54.4% male) receiving incident insulin therapy in 2010/2011 and 8216 patients (age: 69.1 [SD: 11.9] years; 54.9% male) receiving incident insulin therapy in 2016/2017. Changes in time to insulin initiation in the practices and the last HbA1c value before the start of insulin therapy were analyzed, stratified by index date. To analyze the impact of covariables on the time to insulin initiation, a multivariate regression analysis was performed, adjusted for age, sex, diabetologist care, and HbA1c as independent variables. Results: Median time from T2D diagnosis to insulin therapy in the Disease Analyzer database increased from 1717 days in 2010/2011 to 1917 days in 2016/2017 ( P < .001). The proportion of patients with a HbA1c value ≥9% before insulin initiation was high in both groups (2010/2011: 33.0%, 2016/2017: 34.2%, P = .347). The time to insulin initiation in DPP-4i patients was 112 days longer, and in SGLT2 patients 346 days longer than in patients treated with sulfonylurea. Conclusions: The present analysis confirms an increasing delay of the insulin therapy initiation as a consequence of the more frequent use of newer oral antidiabetics. However, the rather moderate increase of time to insulin might display insufficient long-term glycemic control using these agents. Still, more than one-third of patients receive insulin only when HbA1c levels exceed 9%.
Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Computed Tomography–Based Epidemiological Study of 2917 Patients
Authors: Bakhsh Wajeeh , Saleh Ahmed , Yokogawa Noriaki , Gruber Jillian , Rubery Paul T. , Mesfin Addisu 
Published: March 2019

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: To identify prevalence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine in a large sample, to characterize spinal involvement, and to identify associations with patient characteristics. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of all patients receiving cervical spine CT imaging in a level-1 emergency department from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 were reviewed. Diagnosis and classification of OPLL was performed, and data for associated patients was obtained (age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes). US Census data was referenced for the sample population. Statistical analysis included t test and chi-square testing, with significance cutoff P < .05. Results: There were no significant differences between the sample and population data. Of 2917 patients reviewed, 74 exhibited OPLL (2.5%). Age distribution between OPLL and non-OPLL cohorts was significantly different ( P < .01), with highest prevalence of OPLL between ages 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years. Comorbid diabetes also differed between groups (27% OPLL, 13% non-OPLL, P < .01). There was no difference in distribution of sex, race, or ethnicity. For OPLL, segmental type is most common (67.6%), involving on average 3.4 levels. OPLL involvement begins at any level, but ends most commonly at C6 (40.5%) or C7 (36.5%). Among OPLL patients, 18 (24.3%) demonstrated concurrent ponticulus posticus. Conclusions: This review of 2917 patients reaffirms previous data, with OPLL prevalence of 2.5%. In asymptomatic patients, incidental diagnosis is frequently seen as early as ages 40 to 49 years. OPLL is better characterized with a significant association with diabetes, segmental type being the most common, and the caudal extent typically involving C6-7 (77%).
Adherence to Antidiabetic Medications Among Sudanese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Badi Safaa , Abdalla Ali , Altayeb Lina , Noma Mounkaila , Ahmed Mohamed H 
Published: March 2019

Background: Adherence to antidiabetic medications is crucial for optimum glycemic control and decreasing complications. This study aimed to assess adherence to antidiabetic medications and the associated factors among individuals with type 2 diabetes attending Jabir Abu Eliz Diabetes Centre in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, recruited 213 individuals with type 2 diabetes, and used a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 21. Logistic regression analysis was used to check for factors that linked to poor adherence to diabetes medication. Results: The median duration of antidiabetic medications use was 8 years; 15.0% were highly adherent to diabetes medications, 44.6% were medium adherent, and 40.4% showed low adherence. Main factors and barriers were medication side effects (18.3%), use of herbal medicine (12.3%), and unavailability of medication (7%). Predictors to nonadherence were gender, and housing status (0.043 and 0.042, respectively). Conclusion: Level of adherence to diabetes medication was unsatisfactory as only 15% showed high adherence. Predictors of nonadherence were gender, and housing status. Effective interventions should be implemented to improve medication adherence, like appropriate patient education and involvement in the treatment plan.
Two Cases of Worsening Psoriasis After Switching From Ustekinumab to Guselkumab
Authors: Casseres Rachel G. , Rosmarin David 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Guselkumab is an Interleukin-23 inhibitor that has been shown to be effective for the treatment of psoriasis even in patients with an inadequate response to ustekinumab. At this time, there are no published reports of worsening psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis on guselkumab compared to ustekinumab. Methods: We reviewed the charts of two patients with psoriasis who were treated in our clinic with guselkumab after failing treatment with ustekinumab. Results: The patient in case 1 experienced a psoriasis flare after switching from ustekinumab to guselkumab. The patient in case 2 has an increase in body surface area of her psoriasis as well as worsening joint symptoms while on guselkumab compared to ustekinumab. Discussion: Not all patients will have a superior response to guselkumab than ustekinumab.
Taxonomic distribution and origins of the extended LHC (light-harvesting complex) antenna protein superfamily
Authors: Engelken Johannes , Brinkmann Henner , Adamska Iwona 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The extended light-harvesting complex (LHC) protein superfamily is a centerpiece of eukaryotic photosynthesis, comprising the LHC family and several families involved in photoprotection, like the LHC-like and the photosystem II subunit S (PSBS). The evolution of this complex superfamily has long remained elusive, partially due to previously missing families.

Results
In this study we present a meticulous search for LHC-like sequences in public genome and expressed sequence tag databases covering twelve representative photosynthetic eukaryotes from the three primary lineages of plants (Plantae): glaucophytes, red algae and green plants (Viridiplantae). By introducing a coherent classification of the different protein families based on both, hidden Markov model analyses and structural predictions, numerous new LHC-like sequences were identified and several new families were described, including the red lineage chlorophyll a/b-binding-like protein (RedCAP) family from red algae and diatoms. The test of alternative topologies of sequences of the highly conserved chlorophyll-binding core structure of LHC and PSBS proteins significantly supports the independent origins of LHC and PSBS families via two unrelated internal gene duplication events. This result was confirmed by the application of cluster likelihood mapping.

Conclusions
The independent evolution of LHC and PSBS families is supported by strong phylogenetic evidence. In addition, a possible origin of LHC and PSBS families from different homologous members of the stress-enhanced protein subfamily, a diverse and anciently paralogous group of two-helix proteins, seems likely. The new hypothesis for the evolution of the extended LHC protein superfamily proposed here is in agreement with the character evolution analysis that incorporates the distribution of families and subfamilies across taxonomic lineages. Intriguingly, stress-enhanced proteins, which are universally found in the genomes of green plants, red algae, glaucophytes and in diatoms with complex plastids, could represent an important and previously missing link in the evolution of the extended LHC protein superfamily.
Persistent motor dysfunction despite homeostatic rescue of cerebellar morphogenesis in the Car8 waddles mutant mouse
Authors: Miterko Lauren N. , White Joshua J. , Lin Tao , Brown Amanda M. , O’Donovan Kevin J. , Sillitoe Roy V. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Purkinje cells play a central role in establishing the cerebellar circuit. Accordingly, disrupting Purkinje cell development impairs cerebellar morphogenesis and motor function. In the Car8wdl mouse model of hereditary ataxia, severe motor deficits arise despite the cerebellum overcoming initial defects in size and morphology.

Methods
To resolve how this compensation occurs, we asked how the loss of carbonic anhydrase 8 (CAR8), a regulator of IP3R1 Ca2+ signaling in Purkinje cells, alters cerebellar development in Car8wdl mice. Using a combination of histological, physiological, and behavioral analyses, we determined the extent to which the loss of CAR8 affects cerebellar anatomy, neuronal firing, and motor coordination during development.

Results
Our results reveal that granule cell proliferation is reduced in early postnatal mutants, although by the third postnatal week there is enhanced and prolonged proliferation, plus an upregulation of Sox2 expression in the inner EGL. Modified circuit patterning of Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia accompany these granule cell adjustments. We also find that although anatomy eventually normalizes, the abnormal activity of neurons and muscles persists.

Conclusions
Our data show that losing CAR8 only transiently restricts cerebellar growth, but permanently damages its function. These data support two current hypotheses about cerebellar development and disease: (1) Sox2 expression may be upregulated at sites of injury and contribute to the rescue of cerebellar structure and (2) transient delays to developmental processes may precede permanent motor dysfunction. Furthermore, we characterize waddles mutant mouse morphology and behavior during development and propose a Sox2-positive, cell-mediated role for rescue in a mouse model of human motor diseases.
Timing the spinal cord development with neural progenitor cells losing their proliferative capacity: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Azaïs Manon , Agius Eric , Blanco Stéphane , Molina Angie , Pituello Fabienne , Tregan Jean-Marc , Vallet Anaïs , Gautrais Jacques 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the developing neural tube in chicken and mammals, neural stem cells proliferate and differentiate according to a stereotyped spatiotemporal pattern. Several actors have been identified in the control of this process, from tissue-scale morphogens patterning to intrinsic determinants in neural progenitor cells. In a previous study (Bonnet et al. eLife 7, 2018), we have shown that the CDC25B phosphatase promotes the transition from proliferation to differentiation by stimulating neurogenic divisions, suggesting that it acts as a maturating factor for neural progenitors. In this previous study, we set up a mathematical model linking fixed progenitor modes of division to the dynamics of progenitors and differentiated populations. Here, we extend this model over time to propose a complete dynamical picture of this process. We start from the standard paradigm that progenitors are homogeneous and can perform any type of divisions (proliferative division yielding two progenitors, asymmetric neurogenic divisions yielding one progenitor and one neuron, and terminal symmetric divisions yielding two neurons). We calibrate this model using data published by Saade et al. (Cell Reports 4, 2013) about mode of divisions and population dynamics of progenitors/neurons at different developmental stages. Next, we explore the scenarios in which the progenitor population is actually split into two different pools, one of which is composed of cells that have lost the capacity to perform proliferative divisions. The scenario in which asymmetric neurogenic division would induce such a loss of proliferative capacity appears very relevant.
Fast approximate STEM image simulations from a machine learning model
Authors: Combs Aidan H. , Maldonis Jason J. , Feng Jie , Xu Zhongnan , Voyles Paul M. , Morgan Dane 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccurate quantum mechanical scanning transmission electron microscopy image simulation methods such as the multislice method require computation times that are too large to use in applications in high-resolution materials imaging that require very large numbers of simulated images. However, higher-speed simulation methods based on linear imaging models, such as the convolution method, are often not accurate enough for use in these applications. We present a method that generates an image from the convolution of an object function and the probe intensity, and then uses a multivariate polynomial fit to a dataset of corresponding multislice and convolution images to correct it. We develop and validate this method using simulated images of Pt and Pt–Mo nanoparticles and find that for these systems, once the polynomial is fit, the method runs about six orders of magnitude faster than parallelized CPU implementations of the multislice method while achieving a 1 − R2 error of 0.010–0.015 and root-mean-square error/standard deviation of dataset being predicted of about 0.1 when compared to full multislice simulations.
Recent advances in the development of gene delivery systems
Authors: Sung YK , Kim SW 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Gene delivery systems are essentially necessary for the gene therapy of human genetic diseases. Gene therapy is the unique way that is able to use the adjustable gene to cure any disease. The gene therapy is one of promising therapies for a number of diseases such as inherited disorders, viral infection and cancers. The useful results of gene delivery systems depend open the adjustable targeting gene delivery systems. Some of successful gene delivery systems have recently reported for the practical application of gene therapy.

Main body
The recent developments of viral gene delivery systems and non-viral gene delivery systems for gene therapy have briefly reviewed. The viral gene delivery systems have discussed for the viral vectors based on DNA, RNA and oncolytic viral vectors. The non-viral gene delivery systems have also treated for the physicochemical approaches such as physical methods and chemical methods. Several kinds of successful gene delivery systems have briefly discussed on the bases of the gene delivery systems such as cationic polymers, poly(L-lysine), polysaccharides, and poly(ethylenimine)s.

Conclusion
The goal of the research for gene delivery system is to develop the clinically relevant vectors such as viral and non-viral vectors that use to combat elusive diseases such as AIDS, cancer, Alzheimer, etc. Next step research will focus on advancing DNA and RNA molecular technologies to become the standard treatment options in the clinical area of biomedical application.
MRI evaluation of pelvis in Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome: interobserver agreement for surgically relevant structures
Authors: Bhayana Aanchal , Ghasi Rohini Gupta 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Diagnostic role of MRI in Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is well documented. Recent studies have shown the relevance of MRI in detailing the pelvic anatomy, particularly small Mullerian remnants. The results are, however, not consistent and reproducibility of MRI features has not been confirmed. The aim of our study was to evaluate the detailed pelvic anatomy in patients with MRKH syndrome and to calculate the interobserver agreement of the MRI features.

Methods:
The study was carried out on female patients, aged 15–30 years, with primary amenorrhea. Following clinical, gynaecological, endocrinological, ultrasound and chromosomal work-up and a provisional diagnosis of MRKH syndrome, MRI pelvis was performed on 25 patients using a 1.5 T scanner. MRI images were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists for a detailed evaluation of Mullerian structures (uterine buds, fibrous bands, midline triangular soft tissue), vagina, and ovaries. κ coefficient was calculated as a measure of interobserver agreement.

Results:
Interobserver agreement was good to excellent (κ: 0.7788 ± 0.2168 to 1 ± 0) for uterine buds and their characteristics, vagina, ovaries and associated renal/vertebral anomalies; poor to fair for fibrous bands (κ: 0.2857 ± 0.3273 to 0.6032 ± 0.2149) and good for midline triangular soft tissue (κ: 0.7826 ± 0.1474).

Conclusion:
MRI is capable of providing key pre-operative anatomical information in MRKH syndrome non-invasively. There is good to excellent interobserver agreement for MRI features of most of the surgical relevant structures.

Advances in knowledge:
MRI features of salient preoperative anatomical structures are reproducible between observers.