bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Theory for Fields
Authors: Enßlin Torsten A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA physical field has an infinite number of degrees of freedom since it has a field value at each location of a continuous space. Therefore, it is impossible to know a field from finite measurements alone and prior information on the field is essential for field inference. An information theory for fields is needed to join the measurement and prior information into probabilistic statements on field configurations. Such an information field theory (IFT) is built upon the language of mathematical physics, in particular, on field theory and statistical mechanics. IFT permits the mathematical derivation of optimal imaging algorithms, data analysis methods, and even computer simulation schemes. The application of IFT algorithms to astronomical datasets provides high fidelity images of the Universe and facilitates the search for subtle statistical signals from the Big Bang. The concepts of IFT may even pave the road to novel computer simulations that are aware of their own uncertainties.
High‐Resolution Hydrogen Spectroscopy and The Proton Radius Puzzle
Authors: Thomas Simon , Fleurbaey Hélène , Galtier Sandrine , Julien Lucile , Biraben François , Nez François 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHigh resolution spectroscopy of the hydrogen atom takes on particular importance in the new SI, as it allows to accurately determine fundamental constants, such as the Rydberg constant and the proton charge radius. Recently, the second most precisely measured transition frequency in hydrogen, , is obtained by our group. In the context of the Proton Radius Puzzle, this result calls for further investigation.
Proactively Reducing Anti‐Drug Antibodies via Immunomodulatory Bioconjugation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jain Priyesh , Tsao Caroline , Wu Kan , Jiang Shaoyi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough PEGylation reduces the immunogenicity of protein drugs to some extent, its limitations for highly immunogenic biotherapeutics have been demonstrated. Herein, a proactive strategy to alleviate the development of anti‐drug antibodies (ADAs) against protein drugs by immunomodulatory bioconjugation is reported. Rapamycin was conjugated to a PEGylated protein therapeutic via a cleavable disulfide linker. The conjugated rapamycin can be released from the bioconjugate and prevent immune responses once the bioconjugate is uptaken by antigen‐presenting cells. The immunomodulatory bioconjugate significantly reduced the titers of ADAs compared with a PEGylated protein. The inhibition of immune responses was specific to the conjugated antigen, avoiding systemic immune suppression and the risk of increased susceptibility to infections. The reported approach breaks the limitations of PEGylation by the proactive prevention of ADAs.
Electrocatalytic Volleyball: Rapid Nanoconfined Nicotinamide Cycling for Organic Synthesis in Electrode Pores
Authors: Megarity Clare F. , Siritanaratkul Bhavin , Heath Rachel S. , Wan Lei , Morello Giorgio , FitzPatrick Sarah R. , Booth Rosalind L. , Sills Adam J. , Robertson Alexander W. , Warner Jamie H. , Turner Nicholas J. , Armstrong Fraser A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn living cells, redox chains rely on nanoconfinement using tiny enclosures, such as the mitochondrial matrix or chloroplast stroma, to concentrate enzymes and limit distances that nicotinamide cofactors and other metabolites must diffuse. In a chemical analogue exploiting this principle, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and NADP+ are cycled rapidly between ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase and a second enzyme—the pairs being juxtaposed within the 5–100 nm scale pores of an indium tin oxide electrode. The resulting electrode material, denoted (FNR+E2)@ITO/support, can drive and exploit a potentially large number of enzyme‐catalysed reactions.
Simple cuprous iodide complex‐based crystals with deep blue emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 100%
Authors: Wang Liyang , Guo Yanxue , Yu Baoyi , Zhang Wei , Li Tengzhou , Qu Jianglan 
Published: January 2019

Luminescent cuprous complexes have attracted much attention due to their low cost, rich photophysical properties, and hence extensive applications in various fields. In this work, we report the synthesis, structure and photophysical properties of a simple and highly efficient deep blue emission cuprous iodide complex, namely CuI (PPh3)2(t‐BuPy), where PPh3 and t‐BuPy stand for triphenylphosphine and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine, respectively. The complex was synthesized with a one‐pot method, and showed a super high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 100% and a maximum emission wavelength at 454 nm in crystals at room temperature. Based on density functional theory calculation, the emission likely comes from iodide to 4‐tert‐butylpyridine charge transfer and some copper to 4‐tert‐butylpyridine charge transfer excited states. Two reference complexes, CuI (PPh3)2(IQu) (IQu = isoquinoline) and Cu2I2(PPh3)2(t‐BuPy)2, were also synthesized, and the photophysical properties of the three compounds in various forms such as crystalline powder, thin film and solution at both room temperature and 77 K were studied for comparison. These results give clues on how the N‐heteroaromatic ligand (4‐tert‐butylpyridine vs. isoquinoline), coordinating style (mononuclear vs. binuclear), sample form (crystalline powder vs. thin film vs. solution) and temperature (room temperature vs. 77 K) affect the photophysical properties of luminescent cuprous iodide complex.
The immobilized Ni(II)‐thiourea complex on silica‐layered copper ferrite: A novel and reusable nanocatalyst for one‐pot reductive‐acetylation of nitroarenes
Authors: Zeynizadeh Behzad , Shokri Zahra , Hasanpour Galehban Morteza 
Published: January 2019

In this study, magnetically nanoparticles of CuFe2O4@SiO2@PTMS@Tu@Ni(II) as novel and reusable catalyst were prepared. Synthesis of the Ni (II)‐nanocatalyst was carried out through the complexation of Ni(OAc)2·4H2O with the immobilized thiourea on silica‐layered CuFe2O4. The prepared nanocomposite system was then characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, ICP‐OES, Raman, UV–Vis and FT‐IR analyses. Catalytic activity of the Ni(II)‐CuFe2O4 system was investigated towards rapid reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to arylamines with sodium borohydride as well as one‐pot reductive‐acetylation of nitroarenes to acetanilides with NaBH4/Ac2O system without the isolation of intermediate arylamines. All reactions were carried out in H2O within 3–7 min to afford the products arylamines/acetanilides in high to excellent yields. Reusability of the Ni(II)‐nanocatalyst was examined for seven consecutive cycles without the significant loss of the catalytic activity.
Study on multiple‐contact phase behavior in natural gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Ke , Pu Hui , Li Shi , Chen Xinglong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe crude oil samples used in the study was from high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) reservoirs of Donghetang Oilfield in Tarim Basin in northwestern China. Crude oil–hydrocarbon gas multiple‐contact test and swelling tests are conducted to study the characteristics of phase behavior after hydrocarbon gas is injected into in the formation crude oil. The effect of different amounts of the injected hydrocarbon gas on saturation pressures of reservoir fluid is analyzed. The experimental results are regressed through PVTsim software. The authors use a state‐of‐the‐art HPHT pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) system to conduct the first contact miscibility pressure and swelling tests. Study results show that the multiple‐contact miscibility pressure is on the curve of saturation pressure of reservoir fluid versus the amount of injected gas. Furthermore, the first contact miscibility pressure is at the point of the curve where the tangent is zero. Multiple‐contact experiment is an important method for studying the mechanisms of miscible hydrocarbon gas flooding.
Borassus powder‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites with improved crystallization and mechanical properties
Authors: Marathe Yogesh N. , Arun Torris A. T. , Ramesh C. , Badiger Manohar V. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis article reports on the development of biocomposites based on polylactic acid (PLA) and borassus powder. Borassus powder was treated with alkali to remove hemicelluloses and lignin. The treated borassus improved the homogeneous mixing with PLA and increased the crystallinity of PLA. Dispersibility of the borassus was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray MicroCT. PLA/borassus composites were prepared by melt mixing of PLA with 5, 10, and 15 wt % treated/untreated borassus. Composites were examined for mechanical properties and crystallization. Composites showed enhanced tensile strength compared to neat PLA. The PLA/treated borassus powder composites displayed higher crystallinity than PLA. The isothermal cold crystallization study showed increase in the crystallization rate of PLA in the presence of treated borassus. The spherulitic growth was studied using polarized optical microscopy. The enhanced performance of the PLA‐borassus composites was observed in the presence of borassus. This study demonstrates that the PLA‐borassus composites show great promise for bioplastics applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47440.
Design of a novel multilayer low‐temperature protection composite based on phase change microcapsules
Authors: Sun Yanli , Wang Rui , Liu Xing , Fang Shu , Li Danyang , Li Bo 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIt is necessary to develop a novel low‐temperature protective material that ensures the flexibility and warmth of operation in a short time under the low‐temperature environment (−30 to −80°C). Hence, a novel multilayer low‐temperature protection composite (MPC) was prepared based on phase change microcapsules (microPCMs). MicroPCMs containing n‐octadecane with melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde shell were successfully synthesized through in situ polymerization. Then the microPCMs were finished on the basic fabric's surface (biocomponent spunbond‐spunlace nonwoven material) by foam coating and the silicone rubber was covered on the outermost surface. On the basis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs, microPCMs had a relatively spherical shape and a smooth surface, in which the average particle size was about 42.77 μm. The cross section morphology showed that the MPC was consisted of three layers structure including the base fabric, the microPCMs layer, and the silicone rubber layer. At −50 °C, the low‐temperature resistance time of the MPC was 727 s and the power consumption for maintaining a certain temperature for 10 and 20 min of the MPC were 350.86 and 1392.66 J, respectively. Compared with the basic fabric, which has the same thickness as the MPC, the low‐temperature resistance time of the MPC was prolonged about 5 min and the power consumption of the MPC for 10 min decreased by 55%, and for 20 minutes decreased by 33%, respectively. The MPC could guarantee the low‐temperature protection effect in short time. It could be applied as the potential materials in the area of low‐temperature protection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47534.
Are well‐intended Buddhist practices an under‐appreciated threat to global aquatic biodiversity?
Authors: Everard Mark , Pinder Adrian C. , Raghavan Rajeev , Kataria Gaurav 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The inherently pro‐conservation and humane Buddhist practice of ‘live release’, entailing the release into the wild of creatures destined for slaughter, poses potentially significant conservation consequences if inappropriate, invasive species are procured for release.
This article collates evidence, citing one legal case and other examples, about the risks of the live release of potentially invasive aquatic species that may result in serious, possibly irreversible, conservation threats to aquatic biodiversity and natural ecosystems, with ensuing adverse ecological and human consequences.
It is essential that practitioners are aware of these risks if their actions are not to work diametrically against the pro‐conservation and humane intents of the practice.
Ensuring that live release occurs safely necessitates raising awareness, with guidance informed by science, to ensure that good intentions do not result in perverse, environmentally destructive outcomes.
We propose four simple principles to achieve this, for dissemination to the global adherents of these otherwise entirely laudable practices.
Fluorescent Light‐up Probe for the Detection of Protein Aggregates
Authors: Nunes da Silva Raquel , Costa Catarina C. , Santos Maria J. G. , Alves Mariana Q. , Braga Susana S. , Vieira Sandra I. , Rocha João , Silva Artur M. S. , Guieu Samuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA fluorescent dye was decorated with water‐soluble pyridinium groups in order to be applied in the detection of cyclodextrins or DNA. The dye displays an enhancement of its emission intensity when the internal rotations are restricted due to the formation of an inclusion complex with cyclodextrins or upon interaction with DNA. In vivo, the fluorescent probe can stain protein aggregates with a selectivity comparable to the widely used Proteostat®.
Can empathy close the racial divide and gender gap in death penalty support?
Authors: Godcharles Brian D. , Rad Jordyn D.J. , Heide Kathleen M. , Cochran John K. , Solomon Eldra P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPublic opinion data indicate that the majority of US respondents support the death penalty. Research has consistently indicated, however, that Blacks and females are significantly less likely to support capital punishment than their White and male counterparts. Past research efforts attempting to account for these differences have, at best, only partially accounted for them: the racial divide and gender gap in death penalty support, while narrowed, remained evident. This study proposes that empathy, particularly ethnocultural empathy, may be a key explanatory correlate of death penalty support and that racial and gender differences in empathy may fully explain the observed racial and gender differences in death penalty support. This study uses three forms of empathy measures (cognitive, affective, and ethnocultural) to test this hypothesis using survey data from a sample of undergraduate students. Our results show that neither a variety of other “known correlates” of death penalty support nor cognitive or affective empathy scales were able to fully account for the observed racial difference in death penalty support. Ethnocultural empathy, however, was successful in reducing the effect of race on death penalty support to nonsignificance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to have done so.
Prognostic value of γ‐glutamyltransferase‐to‐albumin ratio in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma following radical surgery
Authors: Li Shuo , Xu Huaxiang , Wu Chuntao , Wang Wenquan , Jin Wei , Gao Heli , Li Hao , Zhang Shirong , Xu Jinzhi , Zhang Wuhu , Xu Shuaishuai , Li Tianjiao , Ni Quanxing , Yu Xianjun , Liu Liang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with poor prognosis. Many preoperative biomarkers can predict postoperative survival of PDAC patients. In this study, we created a novel ratio index based on preoperative liver function test, γ‐glutamyltransferase‐to‐albumin ratio (GAR), and evaluated its prognostic value in predicting clinical outcomes of PDAC patients following radical surgery. We retrospectively enrolled 833 PDAC patients who had underwent radical surgery at our institution between January 2010 and January 2017. Patients were divided into two groups according to the cut‐off value of GAR. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis between the groups were evaluated. TNM stage, GAR, preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) and tumor differentiation were combined to generate a more accurate prognostic model. The optimal cut‐off value of GAR was 0.65. Significant correlations were found between GAR and tumor location, tumor size, vascular invasion, obstructive jaundice, biliary drainage and parameters of liver function test. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that high level of GAR independently predicted poorer postoperative overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that GAR was predictive of survival in patients without biliary obstruction or severely impaired liver function. In addition, integration of GAR, preoperative serum CA19‐9, and tumor differentiation into TNM staging system could better stratify the prognosis for PDAC patients compared with TNM stage alone. Our study demonstrates that preoperative GAR is an independent prognostic factor for prediction of surgical outcomes in PDAC patients. Combination of TNM stage, GAR, preoperative serum CA19‐9, and tumor differentiation can enhance the prognostic accuracy.
A Visible–Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive Host–Guest Pair with Nanomolar Affinity in Water
Authors: Ferreira Pedro , Ventura Barbara , Barbieri Andrea , Da Silva José P. , Laia César A. T. , Parola A. Jorge , Basílio Nuno 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe discovery of stimuli‐responsive high affinity host–guest pairs with potential applications under biologically relevant conditions is a challenging goal. This work reports a high‐affinity 1:1 complex formed between cucurbit[8]uril and a water‐soluble photochromic diarylethene derivative. It was found that, by confining the open isomer within the cavity of the receptor, a redshift in the absorption spectrum and an enhancement of the photocyclization quantum yield from Φ=0.04 to Φ=0.32 were induced. This improvement in the photochemical performance enables quantitative photocyclization with visible light that, together with the near‐infrared light‐induced ring‐opening reaction and the 100‐fold selectivity for the closed isomer, confirms this as an outstanding light‐responsive affinity pair.
Workflow Management System for the Integration of Mobile Robots in Future Labs of Life Sciences
Authors: Neubert Sebastian , Gu Xiangyu , Göde Bernd , Roddelkopf Thomas , Fleischer Heidi , Stoll Norbert , Thurow Kerstin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA present goal of life science automation is to network the wide range of automation systems distributed in laboratory buildings to control whole process chains. This work pursues the approach of combining mobile robots, human operators and established automation solutions in complex life science workflows. To achieve a higher level of automation, mobile robots assume the transportation tasks between the existing automation islands. A hierarchical workflow management system allows the planning, scheduling and autonomous execution of workflows in comprehensive laboratory infrastructures.
The effects of a randomized trial of brief forms of stress management on RAGE‐associated S100A8/A9 in patients with breast cancer undergoing primary treatment
Authors: Taub Chloe J. , Lippman Marc E. , Hudson Barry I. , Blomberg Bonnie B. , Diaz Alain , Fisher Hannah M. , Nahin Erica R. , Lechner Suzanne C. , Kwak Taekyoung , Hwang Gyong Ha , Antoni Michael H. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundWomen with breast cancer (BCa) experience heightened distress, which is related to greater inflammation and poorer outcomes. The s100 protein family facilitates the inflammatory response by regulating myeloid cell function through the binding of Toll‐like receptor 4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The heterodimer s100A8/A9 RAGE ligand is associated with hastened tumor development and metastasis. Previously, a 10‐week stress‐management intervention using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and relaxation training (RT) was associated with less leukocyte inflammatory gene expression in patients with BCa; however, its impact on s100A8/A9 was not examined. Because a 10‐week intervention may be impractical during primary treatment for BCa, the authors developed briefer forms of CBT and RT and demonstrated their efficacy in reducing distress over 12 months of primary treatment. Here, the effects of these briefer interventions were tested effects on s100A8/A9 levels over the initial 12 months of BCa treatment.MethodsPostsurgical patients with BCa (stage 0‐IIIB) were randomized to a 5‐week, group‐based condition: CBT, RT, or health education control (HE). At baseline and at 12 months, women provided sera from which s100A8/A9 levels were determined using any enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsParticipants (mean age ± standard deviation, 54.81 ± 9.63 years) who were assigned to either CBT (n = 41) or RT (n = 38) had significant s100A8/A9 decreases over 12 months compared with those who were assigned to HE (n = 44; F[1,114] = 4.500; P = .036) controlling for age, stage, time since surgery, and receipt of chemotherapy or radiation. Greater increases in stress‐management skills from preintervention to postintervention predicted greater reductions in s100A8/A9 levels over 12 months (β = −0.379; t[101] = −4.056; P < .001).ConclusionsBrief, postsurgical, group‐based stress management reduces RAGE‐associated s100A8/A9 ligand levels during primary treatment for BCa.
Trajectories of spiritual well‐being in long‐term survivors of cancer: A report from the American Cancer Society's Studies of Cancer Survivors–I
Authors: Canada Andrea L. , Murphy Patricia E. , Stein Kevin D. , Alcaraz Kassandra I. , Fitchett George 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundExisting research indicates that religion, spirituality, or both are important to the quality of life of patients with cancer. The current study is the first to characterize trajectories of spiritual well‐being (SWB) over time and to identify their predictors in a large, diverse sample of long‐term cancer survivors.MethodsThe participants were 2365 cancer survivors representing 10 cancer diagnoses from the American Cancer Society's Studies of Cancer Survivors–I, and they were assessed at 3 time points: 1, 2, and 9 years after their diagnosis. SWB was assessed with the 3 subscales of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well‐Being (FACIT‐Sp; ie, Meaning, Peace, and Faith). Predictors included demographic, medical, and psychosocial variables. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify trajectories and test their predictors.ResultsFour distinct trajectories of SWB were identified for each of the FACIT‐Sp subscales: stable‐high (45%‐61% of the sample, depending on the subscale), stable‐moderate (23%‐33%), stable‐low (7%‐16%), and declining (6%‐10%). Significant predictors of these trajectories included age, sex, race, education, comorbidities, symptom burden, social support, and optimism, but not always in the hypothesized direction. For some of the subscale trajectories, a recurrence of cancer, multiple cancers, or metastatic cancer was associated with lower SWB.ConclusionsThis is the first study to establish the existence and predictors of heterogeneous trajectories of SWB in long‐term survivors of cancer. Because SWB is an important component of quality of life, the current results indicate characteristics of persons who could be at greater risk for a decline or consistently low scores in SWB and may warrant clinical attention.