bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Surgical Trends in the Management of Symptomatic Meniscal Tears among United States Military Servicemembers from 2010 to 2015
Authors: Pekari Timothy , Wang Kevin , Cotter Eric , Kusnezov Nicholas , Waterman Brian 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this investigation is to report on trends over time in the treatment of meniscal pathology among military orthopaedic surgeons, as well as to evaluate the impact of patient demographics and concomitant procedure on the type of meniscal procedure performed. We performed a retrospective analysis of all active-duty United States military servicemembers who underwent a meniscal procedure from 2010 to 2015 within the Military Health System. Patient demographics and surgical variables were extracted from the electronic medical record. Treatments were categorized by location and by type of intervention (i.e., repair or debridement). Chi-square and linear regression analyses were performed to identify temporal trends in meniscal procedures and factors that were correlated with the type of meniscal procedure performed. Out of 29,571 meniscal procedures analyzed, partial meniscectomy was performed in 81.3% (n = 24,343) of cases, meniscal repair in 20.3% (n = 6,073), and meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) in 0.7% (n = 206). The rates of debridement, repair, and concomitant surgeries did not demonstrate any significant temporal trends, whereas MAT demonstrated a significant decrease in overall utilization. Nearly two-thirds of all meniscal procedures were performed in the medial compartment. MAT occurred equally between the medial and lateral compartments. Lateral meniscal lesions demonstrated significantly higher rates of debridement. With each year of advancing age, there was a 3.7% increasing likelihood of meniscectomy and 6.5% decreasing likelihood of repair. Females were more likely to undergo meniscal repair than males. Patients in the military population were more likely to undergo meniscal repair compared with previously reported rates in the civilian population. In this physically active cohort of nearly 30,000 military patients, 1 in 5 meniscal tears were treated with meniscal repair. Meniscal repairs were performed at a higher rate for all age groups compared with previously reported rates in the civilian population. Further research is required to elucidate the causative factors behind these differences and the effect on postoperative outcomes.
Level of Evidence: IV, cross-sectional study.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Box Hayden , Shahrestani Sean , Huo Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVenous thromboembolic disease (VTED) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Current VTED prophylaxis protocols consist of early mobilization, mechanical compression devices, and pharmacologic agents. Venous phasic flow-regulated below-knee devices are generally favored, but the optimal duration and method of mechanical prophylaxis is unknown. Risk stratification models have been developed to guide pharmacologic prophylaxis. For patients with standard VTED risk profile, aspirin has become increasingly popular. Recent studies have validated the efficacy, relatively low bleeding risks, and cost-effectiveness of aspirin in the patients with standard risk profile. Current evidence suggests that the newer oral anticoagulants, including the factor Xa and the direct thrombin inhibitors, are effective for the reduction of postoperative VTED but may be associated with increased bleeding and wound complication rates.
Impact of Intravenous Acetaminophen on Lengths of Stay and Discharge Status after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Barrington John , Hansen Ryan , Lovelace Belinda , Böing Elaine , Chughtai Morad , Newman Jared , Pham An , Khlopas Anton , Sodhi Nipun , Sultan Assem , Mont Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPostoperative pain remains difficult to control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While various modalities have been used, they have been associated with several side effects. For example, opioids have many side effects including: sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, and can lead to dependency. Recently, intravenous (IV) acetaminophen has been introduced as a method to manage postoperative pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of TKA patients who received oral acetaminophen versus IV acetaminophen. Specifically, this study evaluated: (1) the hospital lengths of stay (LOS) and (2) discharge dispositions. The Premier Database was used to review patients who underwent TKA from 2012 to 2015. A total of 134,216 TKA patients received oral acetaminophen, whereas 56,475 TKA patients received IV acetaminophen postoperatively. LOS were calculated as the number of days from the date of hospital admission to the date of discharge, and the discharge disposition was categorized as to home or to a skilled nursing facility (SNF). Compared with the oral group, the IV acetaminophen group had a 0.14 days shorter LOS (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.15 to –0.13; p < 0.001) and 22% higher chance of being discharged home (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19–1.25; p < 0.001). Also, compared with the oral group, the IV group had a 13% lower chance of being discharged to a SNF (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.85–0.90; p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that TKA patients who received IV acetaminophen were associated with a significantly shorter hospital LOS as well as being discharged home and fewer patients had to go to SNF. This may lead to a reduction in the total cost of health care, while, at the same time, decreasing the resource use in patients who undergo TKA.
Proximal Tibial Fractures in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Tileston Kali , Frick Steven 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInjuries about the proximal tibia are quite common in children. Understanding the mechanisms of injury and treatment strategies is imperative for practitioners caring for these patients. Similarly, appreciating the anatomy of the proximal tibia and the adjacent neurovascular structures can assist a practitioner in recognizing the potential associated risks following fracture. Patients with injuries about the proximal tibia require long-term follow-up, and knowledge of the natural history of these fractures is imperative.
In-vitro-Studie mit subablativem Er:YAG-Laser und Diodenlaser vs. Thermokauter zur Therapie der mikrobiellen Keratitis
Authors: Kampmeier Jürgen , Werner Jens Ulrich , Wagner Peter , Lang Gerhard K. , Russ Detlef 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Anwendung des Thermokauters bei mikrobieller Keratitis führt zu thermischen Nekrosen mit Keimreduktion. Alternativ kann die Hornhaut subablativ mittels Er:YAG-Laser oder Diodenlaser erwärmt werden. Es wurden sowohl der thermische Effekt als auch die Reproduzierbarkeit der Verfahren untersucht.
Material und Methoden Die thermische Wirkung wurde mittels Infrarotkamera aufgezeichnet und die Temperatur des Hornhautstromas enukleierter Schweineaugen gemessen. Die thermische Wirkung wurde histopathologisch untersucht und fotodokumentiert. Anhand eines Softagargewebemodells mit eingebrachten Escherichia-coli-Bakterien wurde mittels Fluoreszenzfärbung und Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie die Keimreduktion gemessen.
Ergebnisse Die Schweinehornhäute zeigten nach der Thermokauterbehandlung mit einer Kontaktzeit von 1 – 3 s thermische Schädigungen bis in 110 – 250 µm Tiefe. Die Oberflächentemperatur betrug 70 – 80 °C. Nach Laserbestrahlung betrug die Tiefe der Nekrose 50 – 270 µm bei Temperaturen von 60 – 120 °C. Die subablative Behandlung des Softagarbakterienmodells mit dem CW-Er:YAG-Laser über eine Dauer von 25 s schädigte mehr als 40% der Bakterien bis in 100 µm Tiefe. Ein besserer Effekt war durch die Behandlung mit dem Diodenlaser zu erzielen, nach der mehr als 60% der Bakterien bis in eine Tiefe von 250 µm und mehr als 50% der Bakterien bis in 450 µm Tiefe abgetötet wurden.
Schlussfolgerung Alle Verfahren sind dazu geeignet, hohe Temperaturen in das Hornhautstroma einzubringen und so eine Keimreduktion herbeizuführen. Sowohl der Effekt als auch die Reproduzierbarkeit bei der Thermokauterbehandlung hängen von der Erfahrung des Chirurgen ab. Die Energiedosis und die damit verbundenen thermischen Effekte können für den Er:YAG-Laser und Diodenlaser besser kalkuliert werden, um das infizierte Gewebe selektiv zu behandeln.
Mit(-)Gefühl
Authors: Pfundstein Isabel , Emsden Christian 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Compassionate Intensive Care Intensivpflegende befinden sich fast
alltäglich in Situationen, in denen sie Mitgefühl für den Patienten und seine
Angehörigen empfinden. Je häufiger sie solchen belastenden Situationen
ausgesetzt sind, desto eher kann es zu einer Mitgefühlsermüdung seitens der
Pflegenden kommen. Der folgende Beitrag liefert Einsichten bezüglich der
Auswirkungen von Mitgefühl der Pflegenden auf die Patienten, auf die
Pflegequalität und auf die Pflegenden selbst.
Was ist eine Katarakt, und wann sollte ihre Operation indiziert werden? Eine Meinung
Authors: Rohrbach Jens Martin 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Autor geht davon aus, dass heutzutage nicht jede Katarakt, die operiert wird, grundsätzlich schon operationswürdig ist. Das Problem liegt dabei auch in der Terminologie, nämlich der Abgrenzung von „physiologischem, alterungsbedingtem Transparenzverlust“ und „Katarakt“. Liegt eine „wirkliche Katarakt“ vor, ist der autonome Patient bez. der Operation immer „ergebnisoffen und in alle Richtungen“ aufzuklären. Der OP-Zeitpunkt ist vom Patienten, nicht vom Augenarzt zu bestimmen.
Kernelized rank learning for personalized drug recommendation
Authors: He Xiao , Folkman Lukas , Borgwardt Karsten 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Large-scale screenings of cancer cell lines with detailed molecular profiles against libraries of pharmacological compounds are currently being performed in order to gain a better understanding of the genetic component of drug response and to enhance our ability to recommend therapies given a patient's molecular profile. These comprehensive screens differ from the clinical setting in which (i) medical records only contain the response of a patient to very few drugs, (ii) drugs are recommended by doctors based on their expert judgment and (iii) selecting the most promising therapy is often more important than accurately predicting the sensitivity to all potential drugs. Current regression models for drug sensitivity prediction fail to account for these three properties.

Results
We present a machine learning approach, named Kernelized Rank Learning (KRL), that ranks drugs based on their predicted effect per cell line (patient), circumventing the difficult problem of precisely predicting the sensitivity to the given drug. Our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art predictors in drug recommendation, particularly if the training dataset is sparse, and generalizes to patient data. Our work phrases personalized drug recommendation as a new type of machine learning problem with translational potential to the clinic.

Availability and implementation
The Python implementation of KRL and scripts for running our experiments are available at https://github.com/BorgwardtLab/Kernelized-Rank-Learning.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
iFeature: a Python package and web server for features extraction and selection from protein and peptide sequences
Authors: Chen Zhen , Zhao Pei , Li Fuyi , Leier André , Marquez-Lago Tatiana T , Wang Yanan , Webb Geoffrey I , Smith A Ian , Daly Roger J , Chou Kuo-Chen , Song Jiangning 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Summary
Structural and physiochemical descriptors extracted from sequence data have been widely used to represent sequences and predict structural, functional, expression and interaction profiles of proteins and peptides as well as DNAs/RNAs. Here, we present iFeature, a versatile Python-based toolkit for generating various numerical feature representation schemes for both protein and peptide sequences. iFeature is capable of calculating and extracting a comprehensive spectrum of 18 major sequence encoding schemes that encompass 53 different types of feature descriptors. It also allows users to extract specific amino acid properties from the AAindex database. Furthermore, iFeature integrates 12 different types of commonly used feature clustering, selection and dimensionality reduction algorithms, greatly facilitating training, analysis and benchmarking of machine-learning models. The functionality of iFeature is made freely available via an online web server and a stand-alone toolkit.

Availability and implementation
http://iFeature.erc.monash.edu/; https://github.com/Superzchen/iFeature/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NeSSie: a tool for the identification of approximate DNA sequence symmetries
Authors: Berselli Michele , Lavezzo Enrico , Toppo Stefano 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Non-B DNA conformations play an important role in genomic rearrangements, structural three-dimensional organization and gene regulation. Many non-B DNA structures show symmetrical properties as palindromes and mirrors that can form hairpins, cruciform structures or triplexes. A comprehensive tool, capable to perform a fast genome wide search for exact and degenerate symmetrical patterns, is needed for further investigating nucleotide tracts potentially forming non-B DNA structures.

Results
We developed NeSSie, an easily customizable C/C++ 64-bit library and tool, based on dynamic programming, to quickly scan for perfect and degenerate DNA palindromes, mirrors and potential triplex forming patterns. In addition, the tool computes linguistic complexity and Shannon entropy measures to verify the repetitive nature of the DNA regions enriched in these motifs. As a case study, the analysis of the Mycobacterium bovis genome is presented.

Availability and implementation
http://www.medcomp.medicina.unipd.it/main_site/doku.php? id=nessie and https://github.com/B3rse/nessie

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Isometric sketching of any set via the Restricted Isometry Property
Authors: Oymak Samet , Recht Benjamin , Soltanolkotabi Mahdi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this paper we show that for the purposes of dimensionality reduction certain class of structured random matrices behave similarly to random Gaussian matrices. This class includes several matrices for which matrix-vector multiply can be computed in log-linear time, providing efficient dimensionality reduction of general sets. In particular, we show that using such matrices any set from high dimensions can be embedded into lower dimensions with near optimal distortion. We obtain our results by connecting dimensionality reduction of any set to dimensionality reduction of sparse vectors via a chaining argument.
Impact of residual kidney function on hemodialysis adequacy and patient survival
Authors: Wang Mengjing , Obi Yoshitsugu , Streja Elani , Rhee Connie M , Chen Jing , Hao Chuanming , Kovesdy Csaba P , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundBoth dialysis dose and residual kidney function (RKF) contribute to solute clearance and are associated with outcomes in hemodialysis patients. We hypothesized that the association between dialysis dose and mortality is attenuated with greater RKF.MethodsAmong 32 251 incident hemodialysis patients in a large US dialysis organization (2007–11), we examined the interaction between single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and renal urea clearance (rCLurea) levels in survival analyses using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe median rCLurea and mean baseline spKt/V were 3.06 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.74–4.85] mL/min/1.73 m2 and 1.32 ± 0.28, respectively. A total of 7444 (23%) patients died during the median follow-up of 1.2 years (IQR 0.5–2.2 years) with an incidence of 15.4 deaths per 100 patient-years. The Cox model with adjustment for case-mix and laboratory variables showed that rCLurea modified the association between spKt/V and mortality (Pinteraction = 0.03); lower spKt/V was associated with higher mortality among patients with low rCLurea (i.e. <3  mL/min/1.73 m2) but not among those with higher rCLurea. The adjusted mortality hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals of the low (<1.2) versus high (≥1.2) spKt/V were 1.40 (1.12–1.74), 1.21 (1.10–1.33), 1.06 (0.98–1.14), and 1.00 (0.93–1.08) for patients with rCLurea of 0.0, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively.ConclusionsIncident hemodialysis patients with substantial RKF do not exhibit the expected better survival at higher hemodialysis doses. RKF levels should be taken into account when deciding on the dose of dialysis treatment among incident hemodialysis patients.
Comparative Safety and Efficacy of Modified TICI 2b and TICI 3 Reperfusion in Acute Ischemic Strokes Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Goyal Nitin , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Frei Donald , Turk Aquilla , Baxter Blaise , Froehler Michael T , Mocco J , Ishfaq Muhammad Fawad , Malhotra Konark , Chang Jason J , Hoit Daniel , Elijovich Lucas , Loy David , Turner Raymond D , Mascitelli Justin , Espaillat Kiersten , Alexandrov Andrei V , Arthur Adam S 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the current standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with emergent large-vessel occlusions (ELVO). Successful reperfusion of ELVO is traditionally defined by modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grades of 2b or 3.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the comparative safety and efficacy of mTICI 2b and mTICI 3 reperfusion in AIS patients treated with MT.

METHODS
Consecutive ELVO patients who underwent MT at 6 high-volume centers were included in this analysis. Standard safety (3-mo mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage [sICH]) and efficacy (absolute and relative reduction in NIHSS-scores during hospitalization, functional-improvement [shift analysis in mRS-scores], and functional-independence [mRS-scores of 0-2] at 3-mo) were compared between patients who had mTICI 2b and mTICI 3 reperfusion post MT.

RESULTS
A total of 416 ELVO patients achieved successful reperfusion with mTICI 2b (n = 216) and mTICI 3 (n = 200) following MT. The mTICI 3 group had significantly (P < .05) greater absolute (11 vs 9 points) and relative (77% vs 63%) reduction in NIHSS-scores during hospitalization, lower sICH (6% vs 12%), and higher 3-mo functional-independence (55% vs 44%) rates. Successful reperfusion with mTICI 3 was independently (P < .05) associated with greater absolute and relative reduction in NIHSS-scores during hospitalization as well as higher odds of 3-mo functional improvement (common odds ratios: 1.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.56) and functional independence (odds ratio: 2.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-3.53) in multivariable regression models adjusting for confounders.

CONCLUSION
Successful reperfusion with mTICI 3 was associated with greater neurological improvement during hospitalization and better 3-mo functional outcomes in comparison to mTICI 2b reperfusion.
Evidentiality
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter sets out semantic and analytic parameters for understanding evidentials—closed grammatical sets whose main meaning is information source. A noun phrase may have its own evidentiality specification, different from that of a verb. Other means of expressing information source offer open-ended options in terms of their semantics, and can be more flexible in their scope. Evidentiality is distinct from tense, aspect, modality, mirativity, and egophoricity. An evidential can be questioned or be within the scope of negation. The concept of evidentiality is different from the lay person’s notion of ‘evidence’. Evidentiality involves numerous semantic parameters and cannot be reduced to a simplistic ‘direct’ versus ‘indirect’ opposition. Evidentiality needs to be worked out inductively, based on painstaking work with primary materials on a language, rather than on translation and elicitation. Guidelines for fieldworkers investigating evidentials are offered in the Appendix, alongside a glossary of terms.
The Interactional and Cultural Pragmatics of Evidentiality in Pastaza Quichua
Authors: Nucholls Janis B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the interactional and pragmatic effects of two evidential enclitics in the Pastaza Quichua language of Amazonian Ecuador. Attention is also given to represented discourse in a variety of genres. The overall goal is a better understanding of the perspectival encoding of experience through evidential enclitics and represented discourse, and the role of these devices in articulating concepts of sociability and politeness principles. A broader aim is to clarify how discourse practices making use of evidentiality and represented discourse may clarify Quichua peoples’ understandings of their relationships with each other and with non-human nature. Finally, this paper points to the need for future work which attempts to disentangle evidentiality from epistemic modality in Pastaza Quichua by suggesting that epistemic modality may be generated from evidentials as an implicature that depends in part on intonation.
Evidentiality and the Cariban Languages
Authors: Carlin Eithne B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter investigates the phenomenon of evidentiality in two Cariban languages, showing that the statement of source of information is not only a matter of grammatical expression, rather as a category it permeates the cultures of these Cariban peoples. Trio and Wayana distinguish a witnessed versus non-witnessed evidentiality pattern. Wayana has an additional reportative marker that has developed out of the non-witnessed form. This chapter looks into the use of evidentials in everyday speech as well as in oral traditions and shows how Trio and Wayana storytellers use evidential forms as a perspectivization strategy to position themselves vis-à-vis the source of information contained in the narratives. In addition, this chapter shows how the discourse of shamanic journeying is distinguishable from that of a speaker who has entered into an altered state of consciousness, such as coma, sleep-state and the like.
Evidentiality in the Languages of New Guinea
Authors: Sarvasy Hannah 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile most languages spoken on the island of New Guinea lack grammatical evidentiality, attested evidentiality systems are diverse. These range from small systems with only one marked evidentiality category to systems in which five or more categories are marked. Minimal systems mark only reported, only non-firsthand, or only inferred evidentiality; maximal systems mark visual, non-visual sensory, inferred, reasoning, and factual/participatory or reported evidentiality. Most languages with well-developed grammatical evidentiality are found in a region of Papua New Guinea known as the Highlands Evidentiality Area. Several of these are noteworthy for marking timing of the perception event relative to the speech act.