bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land‐use changes influence climate resilience through altered population demography in a social insect
Authors: Chan Shih‐Fan , Rubenstein Dustin R. , Wang Tsung‐Wei , Chen Ying‐Yu , Chen I‐Ching , Ni Dong‐Zheng , Shih Wei‐Kai , Shen Sheng‐Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiodiversity is threatened by both climate and land‐use change. However, the synergistic impacts of these stressors and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by testing two competing hypotheses regarding the concept of the realized thermal niche. The Fixed Niche Breadth hypothesis suggests that a species' thermal niche remains constant despite fluctuations in population density resulting from land‐use changes. This hypothesis links habitat loss directly to a reduced availability of suitable climate. Conversely, the Habitat Loss‐Allee Effect hypothesis posits that land‐use changes narrow the realized thermal niche by lowering population densities, which impairs individual fitness in unfavorable temperatures due to the Allee effect—the positive impact of higher population density on individual fitness. To investigate these hypotheses, we developed an individual‐based model that integrates the Allee effect to examine how climate and land‐use changes affect population density and the thermal niche in social organisms. We empirically tested our model predictions by studying the distribution and cooperative behavior of burying beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis), which compete with blowflies for carrion resources, along two elevational gradients in Taiwan. These gradients serve as temperature gradients, one in an intact forest and the other in a human‐altered landscape with substantial forest loss. Our results support the model predictions and show that landscape forest loss reduces beetle population densities and disrupts their dispersal dynamics, resulting in smaller cooperative groups. This, in turn, limits the beetles' ability to compete with blowflies in warmer environments, resulting in a contraction of the realized thermal niche. Together, our findings support the Habitat Loss‐Allee Effect hypothesis while rejecting the Fixed Niche Breadth hypothesis. By highlighting the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on both intra‐ and interspecific social interactions, our study improves understanding of species' vulnerability to the combined threats of climate and land‐use change. Ultimately, our results underscore the importance of considering the demographic and behavioral consequences of land‐use change when assessing species' vulnerability to climate‐land‐use synergies.
Pixel Imaging Method, Transport Phenomenon in Sizes From Nano, Micro, and Milli Scale Pore Membrane
Authors: Nandigana Vishal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we develop NanoSoft SoftLab GUI circuit model and oscillator model to study the current–time and current–voltage characteristics inside the nanopore membrane. We study the ion transport for silicon nitride sputtered with silicon dioxide (Si3N4–SiO2) nanopore membrane, graphene, and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanopore membrane. Further, we apply our two models to understand the ion transport in two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropore reservoirs connected in series with no nanopore membrane. Furthermore, we perform circuit simulations on silicon nitride sputtered with silicon dioxide with pore radius varying from nanometer to millimeter to obtain current from pA to μA. Here we develop NanoSoft visualization software to match the silicon nitride nanopore membrane. We develop open‐loop controller model to relate the ionic current in the nanopore to the nanofluidic calculator output. Our work can find applications for energy‐efficient nanofluidic processors and computers to build towards the recent nanofluidic memristive synapse‐like memory dynamics literature.
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by ZnO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and efficiency assessment
Authors: Saadi Hajar , Atmani El Houssine , Fazouan Nejma 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe release of synthetic dyes from the textile industry into aquatic environments poses a significant threat due to their carcinogenic properties. Photocatalytic treatment methods have emerged as efficient alternatives for addressing dye contamination in water. In this study, we investigate the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles under UV irradiation. ZnO nanopowders were synthesized via the sol–gel process and characterized for their structural, optoelectronic, optical, and chemical properties to demonstrate their suitability for photocatalytic degradation. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted using pure ZnO nanoparticles as catalysts, resulting in a degradation efficiency of 72.3% for methylene blue. Characterization techniques, such as X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Analysis (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and FTIR confirmed the presence of ZnO bonds and the uniform distribution of nanoparticles with small grain sizes. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) approximation revealed a direct band gap of 3 eV for ZnO, confirming its potential for photocatalysis. These findings underscore the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles, highlighting their potential for use in photocatalysis applications. This study contributes to the growing body of research aimed at addressing environmental challenges associated with dye contamination in water.
Bone Fracture History in Women With First Episode or With Persistent Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lopes Mariana P. , Ahmed Sana , Beaman Lily , Stubbs Brendon , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike , Robinson Lauren 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate fractures history in women with first episode anorexia nervosa (AN) (FE‐AN: ≤ 3 years duration) and those with persistent AN (P‐AN: ≥ 7 years), compared to healthy controls (HC).MethodOne hundred nineteen women (FE‐AN = 49, P‐AN = 46 and HC = 24) completed online questionnaires on eating disorders symptoms, their menstrual and their fracture history.ResultsAverage illness duration was 1.9 years (SD = 0.8) in FE‐AN and 15.3 years (SD = 8.5) in P‐AN. Lifetime history of all fractures, including stress fractures, was higher in AN groups (FE‐AN = 33.3%; P‐AN = 37.8%) than in HC (4.2%, p < 0.001). P‐AN participants were 13.4 times more likely to report a fracture compared to HC, irrespective of age, whereas F‐AN participants were 10.3 times more likely. In P‐AN, higher BMI, shorter duration of amenorrhoea and history of pregnancy were inversely associated with fracture number.ConclusionsThere is an increased risk of bone fracture even in the early stages of AN. This could be related to a time lapse between the initial symptoms of AN and formal diagnosis. This suggests guidelines recommending bone screening after 2‐years of persistent low weight for adults should be revisited, and the risk of bone problems should be part of the dialogue between clinicians, patients and carers at the earliest opportunity.
Mechanism of enhanced mobility of glacial debris flows induced by ice and rock avalanches in southeast Tibet, China: Insights from impact loading tests
Authors: Jiang Yao , Lu Xingsheng , Wang Jiao , Zhang Guotao , Wang Gonghui , Wang Tao , Zhang Zhi , Ren Tongjie , Lu Haotian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlacial debris flows, which are induced by ice and rock avalanches, pose an increasing threat to human life and critical infrastructure under climate change. Therefore, the movement characteristics of debris flows induced by ice and rock avalanches have attracted increasing attention, but the understanding of the effects of ice and rock avalanches on the mechanism of debris flow mobility remains incomplete. To study the mechanisms of the enhanced mobility of debris flows and simulate the impacts of ice and rock avalanches, we employed a servo‐hydraulic‐controlled ring–shear apparatus to examine the undrained shear behaviour of moraine material under monotonic and impact loading conditions. It is found that impact loading caused a significant reduction in the shear strength of moraine, with the mobilized friction angle decreasing by 16.1% (from 20.6 to 17.3°) and the residual angle of internal friction decreasing by 52.9% (from 7.0 to 3.3°). After moraine failure (at the peak shear strength), the moraine material exhibited rapid shear strength reduction behaviour under impact loading conditions owing to the lower strength weakening coefficient and smaller slip‐weakening distance. Compared with the monotonic loading ring–shear test results, the liquefaction potential was greater, and the shear energy needed to reach the same pore water pressure ratio and ultimate pore water pressure was much lower under impact loading. This suggests that under impact loading, moraine is more susceptible to liquefaction and exhibits mobility characteristics. Our results provide new insights and increase the understanding of the mechanism underlying the enhanced mobility of glacial debris flows induced by ice and rock avalanches.
Global Risk Aversion: Driving Force of Future Real Economic Activity
Authors: Kim Jinhwan , Cho Hoon , Ryu Doojin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines how global risk aversion affects future real economic activity (REA). We propose a new international real business cycle (RBC) framework with a stochastic global risk aversion spillover process by extending the RBC model. Our model suggests output competition and risk aversion spillover as two influence channels of global risk aversion. We extract relative risk aversion factors and evaluate the significance of changes in the level of global risk aversion for forecasting. Our findings suggest that changes in the level of global risk aversion significantly drive the business cycle of open economies. A global risk aversion factor predicts a domestic country's future REA at least as well as the domestic risk aversion factor does. The impact of global risk aversion can vary depending on a country's relative productivity.
Data‐Driven Predictive Modeling of Citywide Crowd Flow for Urban Safety Management: A Case Study of Beijing, China
Authors: Jiang He , Zhang Xuxilu , Dong Yao , Wang Jianzhou 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCrowd flow forecasting is vital for urban planning, resource allocation, and public safety, particularly in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, traditional predictive models struggle to capture the complex, nonlinear spatial–temporal relationships inherent in crowd flow data due to its irregular volatility. To address these limitations, this paper proposes the innovative citywide crowd flow prediction (CCFP) model, which merges statistical rules with machine learning techniques (XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost). The CCFP model is specifically designed to leverage spatial dependencies and two‐level periodicity (weekly and daily) in population flow to predict crowd flow indexes (
) within specific areas. We employ an urban area graph created using the Node2Vec algorithm to capture the temporal and spatial nuances of human flow patterns. Notably, this study innovatively incorporates migration, weather, and epidemic data into machine‐learning models for feature extraction. Moreover, it introduces weighted factors—
, and
—to enhance the accuracy of
prediction. Among the combined models, CCFP outperforms others with remarkable scientific precision (root mean squared error,
; mean absolute error,
; mean absolute percentage error,
). Overall, the CCFP model represents a significant advancement in crowd flow prediction, offering valuable insights for urban safety management and city planning during pandemics.
Advance Glycation End Products Inhibition by Citrus paradisi Peel Extract; Characterization, LCMS‐QTOF Analysis, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Fakhar Ul , Marvi  , Abuelizz Hatem A. , Aziz Nighat , Bano Raheela , Wazir Asif , Ahmad Imran , Abbas Khizar , Ishtiaq Saiqa , Amin Adnan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAdvance glycation end products (AGEs) are the main reason for diabetic complications. Persistent hyperglycemia and non‐enzymatic glycation increase the rate of AGEs formation. Natural functional food‐based approaches are mainly under investigation these days to discover new treatment options. We focused to investigate potential of medium polar fractions of Citrus paradesi. The peels fractions were analsyed for phytochemical profile, FTIR, HPLC‐DAD, and LCMS‐QTof, and biological investigation including antioxidant assays, α‐glucosidase inhibition, and Anti AGEs inhibition was performed. LCMS‐QTof confirmed the presence of flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavonoids including naringin, narirutin 4‐O‐glucoside, hesperidin, naringenin‐7‐O‐rutinoside hexamethoxyflavone, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′ heptamethoxyflavone were major compounds. A significant antioxidant activity was recorded in case of chloroform fraction compared to ethyl acetate fraction. Similarly a substancial AGEs inhibition in oxidative mode (IC50 0.23 mg/mL) and non‐oxidative mode (IC50 0.10 mg/mL) was observed in chloroform fraction, whereas ethyl acetate fraction was only active in oxidative mode (IC50 0.69 mg/mL). A moderate α‐glucosidase inhibition (IC50 1.23 mg/mL) was noticed in total extract, while significant activity was recorded in chloroform fraction (IC50 0.78 mg/mL). It was concluded that medium polar fraction of C. paradesi possesses antidiabetic and anti‐AGEs potential that can be due to presence of flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavonoids.
Fibromyxoid aSoft Tissue Tumor With PLAG1 Fusion—The First Case in an Adult Patient
Authors: Strnadová M. , Balko J. , Brož P. , Wagenknecht L. , Krsková L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWith the expanding possibilities of human genome research in recent years, the number of cases of soft tissue tumors that we are able to classify into the correct subgroups and to reveal their molecular profile is increasing. Among such tumors, we can also consider neoplasms that have a specific fusion of genes, in our case namely the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) and its partner. PLAG1 gene fusions were previously associated mainly with salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas, lipoblastomas, myoepithelial tumors, uterine epitheloid, myxoid leiomyosarcomas, and, recently, with PLAG1‐rearranged fibromyxoid soft tissue tumors. To our knowledge, we report the first case of a soft tissue tumor with a PLAG1 fusion gene in an adult. In our case, we detected a new H3‐3B::PLAG1 fusion in a soft tissue tumor, which originally appeared as nodular fasciitis.
Saudi Arabian evidence‐based clinical practice guideline for the management of children with autism spectrum disorder: A national guideline adaptation using the KSU‐modified‐ADAPTE methodology
Authors: Alenezi Shuliweeh , Bashiri Fahad , Alawami Amel , Alhazmi Ayman , Aladamawai Somayyah , Alnemary Faisal , Alqahtani Yasser , Buraik Maysaa , AlSuwailem Saleh , Akhalifah Shahad , Al‐Salehi Saleh , Amer Yasser 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the national mental health priorities that has manifested a wide variability in practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This work aimed to adapt evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for ASD to synthesize the first national CPG for the management of children with ASD in KSA.MethodsThe CPG adaptation group comprised multidisciplinary expert clinicians and a CPG methodologist following the KSU‑Modified‑ADAPTE methodology. The last search date for source evidence‐based guidelines was March 2022.RecommendationsThree main categories of recommendations were included: (i) prevention and early identification, coding, psychometric tools, telehealth, risk factors and referral criteria, (ii) diagnosis, differential diagnosis, investigations and family support, (iii) interventions with problem minimization and avoidance, treatment goals, physical wellbeing, nonpharmacological interventions, sensory integration, parent‐mediated interventions, cognitive behavioural therapy, pharmacological interventions, psycho‐education of the family, special cases or comorbidities, sleep management, gastrointestinal and feeding interventions, the transition of care from paediatrics to adulthood. CPG implementation tools included a baseline assessment tool, clinical scenarios, pathways, quality measures, referral forms, screening tools and useful online resources. The adapted CPG presents practical, evidence‑based guidance with implementation tools for managing children with ASD in KSA. The project illustrated the applicability of the KSU‑modified‑ADAPTE and highlighted the importance of collaboration between clinicians and methodologists for adapting national CPGs.
Unsuspected Malignant Mimicry From Topical Vitamin E and Micro Spike Roller
Authors: Hauser Jacob , Wilson Traeden , Huang Chelsea , Walker Paul 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTopical vitamin E is commonly used for its antioxidant properties in a rapidly expanding anti‐aging market. Cutaneous reaction to vitamin E is rare and can present a difficult diagnosis.MethodsWe report a unique case of a 46‐year‐old female who developed a severe cutaneous inflammatory chin lesion after topical use of vitamin E oil with a micro‐spike roller. Clinical examination found a friable and fungating mass which prompted biopsy due to suspected malignancy. Pathology ruled out malignancy and revealed chronic inflammation with xanthogranulomatous‐like features.ResultsThe lesion was significantly improved with Kenalog injection treatment over 18 months. A scar excision procedure further enhanced the lesion cosmetically.ConclusionsThis case highlights the rarity and clinical diversity of vitamin E skin reactions, and their potential to mimic malignancies.
Psychological flexibility as a mediator in the relationship between resilience and academic burnout among Doctor of Physical Therapy students: A structural equation modeling study
Authors: Cherry Jason , Singh Gurpreet , Buck Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough resilience has been identified as an important factor for mitigating burnout among health profession students, little is known regarding the modifiable factors that should be emphasized to improve resilience in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychological flexibility as a modifiable mediator of the relationship between resilience and academic burnout among healthcare students.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted with 369 Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students from universities across the United States. A two‐stage structural equation modeling approach, including confirmatory factor analysis and structural path analysis, was used to investigate psychological flexibility as a mediator of the relationship between resilience and academic burnout.ResultsThe measurement and structural path models demonstrated a good fit to the data. Resilience had a statistically significant indirect association with less academic burnout through psychological flexibility as the mediator (β = −0.32, 95% confidence interval = [−0.43, −0.08], p < 0.001). The direct relationship between resilience and academic burnout was not statistically significant (β = −0.19, p = 0.10).ConclusionThese results indicate that the positive effects of resilience on academic burnout occur through modifiable psychological flexibility processes only. These results suggest that psychological flexibility is a modifiable mechanism through which resilience impacts academic burnout. Developing interventions focusing on psychological flexibility may help students build resilience and limit academic burnout, positively impacting the students, their future institutions, and their future patients.
Research progress on the use of the optical coherence tomography system for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system tumors
Authors: Li Jiuhong , Ayi Ziba , Lu Gonggong , Rao Haibo , Yang Feilong , Li Jing , Sun Jiachen , Lu Junlin , Hu Xulin , Zhang Si , Hui Xuhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn central nervous system (CNS) surgery, the accurate identification of tumor boundaries, achieving complete resection of the tumor, and safeguarding healthy brain tissue remain paramount challenges. Despite the expertise of neurosurgeons, the infiltrative nature of the tumors into the surrounding brain tissue often hampers intraoperative differentiation between tumorous and non‐tumorous tissue, thus hindering total tumor removal. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), with its unique advantages of high‐resolution imaging, efficient image acquisition, real‐time intraoperative detection, and radiation‐free and noninvasive properties, offers accurate diagnostic capabilities and invaluable intraoperative guidance for minimally invasive CNS tumor diagnosis and treatment. Various OCT systems have been employed in neurological tumor research, including polarization‐sensitive OCT systems, orthogonal polarization OCT systems, Doppler OCT systems, and OCT angiography systems. In addition, OCT‐based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have been explored for the surgical resection of CNS tumors. This review aims to compile and evaluate the research progress surrounding the principles of OCT systems and their applications in CNS tumors, providing insights into potential future research avenues and clinical applications.
Children presume confident informants will be accurate (until proven otherwise)
Authors: Fobert Sophie , Varin Rose , Cossette Isabelle , Fournier Kaitline R. C. , Brosseau‐Liard Patricia E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPast research has demonstrated that children prefer to learn from confident rather than hesitant informants. It is frequently assumed that they do so because they believe confidence to predict a person's knowledge and future accuracy; however, this assumption has not previously been tested. The present investigation therefore explored how 3‐ to 8‐year‐old children interpret informant confidence. Study 1 (N = 84) aimed to address whether informant confidence is interpreted as an indicator of knowledge. Study 2 (N = 87) explored how children's interpretation changes with conflicting informant credibility cues. Findings demonstrate that school‐aged children, but not preschoolers, expect correct statements from confident individuals and incorrect statements from hesitant informants. Additionally, school‐age children attribute word knowledge to a previously confident informant. When accuracy conflicts with confidence, accuracy drives 3‐ to 8‐year‐old children's knowledge attributions. This investigation builds on previous research and suggests that, by age 5 or 6, children do make individual epistemic inferences based on informant confidence.