bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salidroside inhibits platelet‐derived growth factor–induced proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Li Hong , Yang Tian , Wu Rui , Chen Tianjun , Sun Zhongmin , Yang Lan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAbnormal proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) have been found to be important for the airway remodeling during the pathogenesis of asthma. Salidroside a bioactive glucoside that exerts antitumor activity via inhibiting the cell proliferation and migration of cancer cells. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of salidroside on the proliferation and migration of ASMCs. Our results showed that salidroside inhibited the proliferation and migration of ASMCs in response to platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation. Salidroside markedly attenuated the PDGF‐induced production of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐9 in ASMCs. The levels of contractile phenotype markers including smooth muscle α‐actin and calponin were reduced in response to PDGF stimulation, which was attenuated by salidroside pretreatment. Salidroside diminished the increase in the expression levels of type I collagen and fibronectin in PDGF‐stimulated ASMCs. Furthermore, salidroside blocked the PDGF‐induced activation of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway in ASMCs. The results suggested that salidroside functionally regulated the proliferation, migration, phenotype plasticity, and extracellular matrix deposition in PDGF‐induced ASMCs and the NF‐κB pathway might be implicated in the effects of salidroside on ASMCs induced by PDGF.
A newly synthesized oleanolic acid derivative inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo by decreasing c‐MYC‐dependent glycolysis
Authors: Gao Feng , Zuo Qiang , Jiang Tao , Song Huanghe , Zhou Jinchun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the primary malignant bone tumor with a peak incidence in children and adolescents. However, the little molecular mechanism of pathogenesis has been known and it is urgent to develop new therapeutical strategies to improve outcomes for patients. CDDO‐NFM (N‐formylmorpholine substituent of CDDO) is a newly synthesized triterpenoid, which is a derivative of oleanolic acid. In this study, we explored whether CDDO‐NFM possesses a potential antitumor effect and revealed its molecular mechanism. We found that CDDO‐NFM efficiently inhibited cell growth of OS cells and this inhibitory effect was independent of apoptosis‐related and cell‐cycle–related proteins. CDDO‐NFM could decrease the level of glucose uptake, the generation of lactate, and the production of adenosine triphosphate to block the process of glycolysis. In vitro and in vivo cell‐based assays showed that CDDO‐NFM inhibited glycolysis via degradation of c‐MYC rather than activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma. Finally, CDDO‐NFM could reduce tumor volume and weight with low toxicity, and down‐regulate the expression of glycolysis‐related enzymes in nude mice. Taken together, these results showed that CDDO‐NFM might be a promising antitumor compound.
Scutellarein inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation in vitro and prevents LPS‐induced bone loss in vivo
Authors: Fu Fangsheng , Shao Siyuan , Wang Ziyi , Song Fangming , Lin Xixi , Ding Jiaxin , Li Chen , Wu Zuoxing , Li Kai , Xiao Yu , Su Yiji , Zhao Jinmin , Liu Qian , Xu Jiake 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis, arthritis, Peget's disease, bone tumor, periprosthetic joint infection, and periprosthetic loosening have a common characteristic of osteolysis, which is characterized by the enhanced osteoclastic bone resorptive function. At present, the treatment target of these diseases is to interfere with osteoclastic formation and function. Scutellarein (Scu), a flavonoids compound, can inhibit the progress of tumor and inflammation. However, the role of Scu in inflammatory osteolysis isn’t elucidated clearly. Our study showed that Scu inhibited bone destruction induced by LPS in vivo and OC morphology and function induced by RANKL in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that Scu suppressed osteoclastic marker gene expression by RANKL‐induced, such asCtsk9,Mmp9,Acp5, andAtp6v0d2. In addition, we found that the inhibition effects of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption function of Scu were mediated via attenuating NF‐κB and NFAT signaling pathways. In conclusion, the results showed that Scu may become a potential new drug for the treatment of inflammatory osteolysis.
CXCL2/CXCR2 axis induces cancer stem cell characteristics in CPT‐11‐resistant LoVo colon cancer cells via Gαi‐2 and Gαq/11
Authors: Chen Ming‐Cheng , Baskaran Rathinasamy , Lee Nien‐Hung , Hsu Hsi‐Hsien , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Tu Chuan‐Chou , Lin Yueh‐Min , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in colon cancer and exhibit characteristics of stem cells which are due to lineages of tissues where they arise. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐undergoing cancer cells display CSC properties and therapeutic resistance. Cancer and stromal cells comprise of a tumor microenvironment. One way the two populations communicate with each other is to secret CXC ligands (CXCLs). CXCLs are capable of causing chemotaxis of specific types of stromal cells and control angiogenesis. Double immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, and colony‐formation assay were carried out to compare parental and CPT‐11‐resistant LoVo cells. CPT‐11‐R LoVo colon cancer cells showed increased expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8. They displayed significantly increased intracellular protein levels of CXCL2 and CXCR2. CPT‐11‐R LoVo cells showed significantly elevated expression in aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). CXCL2 knockdown by short hairpin RNA resulted in reduced expression of CSC proteins, cyclins, EMT markers, G proteins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Finally, Gαi‐2 was found to promote expression of CSC genes and tumorigenesis which were more apparent in the resistant cells. In addition, Gαq/11 showed a similar pattern with exceptions of EpCAM and MMP9. Therefore, CXCL2–CXCR2 axis mediates through Gαi‐2 and Gαq/11 to promote tumorigenesis and contributes to CSC properties of CPT‐11‐R LoVo cells.
Gene expression signatures for HOXA4, HOXA9, and HOXD10 reveal alterations in transcriptional regulatory networks in colon cancer
Authors: Bhatlekar Seema , Ertel Adam , Gonye Gregory E. , Fields Jeremy Z. , Boman Bruce M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe previously reported that HOXA4, HOXA9, and HOXD10 are selectively expressed in colonic stem cells (SCs) and their overexpression contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC). Our goals here were to determine how these HOX genes are transcriptionally regulated and whether transcriptional dysregulation of HOX genes occurs in CRC. Accordingly, we used correlation analysis to identify genes that are expression‐correlated or anticorrelated with HOXA4, HOXA9, and HOXD10. We then used Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to functionally classify these genes. The GO results for both HOXA4 and HOXD10 correlated gene sets for normal colon and CRC show functions mostly classified as developmental, transcriptional regulation, and DNA binding. This raised the question: Are these gene sets regulated by the same transcription factors (TFs)? Consequently, we used promoter analysis and interaction network toolset (PAINT) to identify commonly shared transcription response elements. The results indicated that completely different sets of TFs coregulate HOXA4 and HOXD10 (but not HOXA9) and their expression‐correlated genes. And predicted TFs are altered in CRC compared with normal colon. Taken together, analysis of gene signatures correlated with expression of HOXA4 and HOXD10 indicates how these HOX genes are: (a) transcriptionally regulated in the normal colon; (b) dysregulated in CRC. This discovery provides a mechanism for targeting CRC SCs.
HBcAg‐induced upregulated 4‐1BB ligand on B cells contributes to B‐cell hyperactivation during chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Liu Yong , Wang Guiyang , Chen Yuxin , Huang Rui , Tian Chen , Li Yang , Zhao Xiang‐An , Wu Chao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring the natural history of chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB), the function of B cells is still obscure. Several limited studies have suggested that B cells are highly active in patients with CHB. In the present study, we reported that the 4‐1BB ligand (4‐1BBL) expression on B cells was significantly higher in patients with CHB than that in healthy subjects, meanwhile, the patients with CHB had higher serological IgG levels. Further, after being stimulated with sCD40L or hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), B cells had higher levels of 4‐1BBL. After being cocultured with 4‐1BBL+ B cells, the expressions of CD69 and 4‐1BB on CD4+ T cells were significantly higher than that cocultured with 4‐1BB− B cells. Cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, and IL‐6 were significantly higher in the supernatant from 4‐1BBL+ B cells coculture group than those from coculture group of 4‐1BBL− B cell group, respectively; while IFN‐γ and TNF‐α in cocultured supernatant of 4‐1BBL+ B cell group were significantly lower. Consistently, the total IgG levels in culture supernatant were significantly higher in 4‐1BBL+ B cell group. Thus, hyperactive status of B cells in patients with CHB could be partially derived from the higher 4‐1BBL expression on B cells triggered by HBcAg. 4‐1BBL signaling pathway is involved in B cells activation, and further regulates B cell‐T cell interaction by modulating the cytokines secretion, which might be critical in B cells dysfunction during CHB infection.
Pursuing packrats: An evaluation of noninvasive detection methods for Neotoma
Authors: Gooley Aaron C. , Schauber Eric M. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWoodrats (Neotoma spp.) are imperiled in large swathes of the United States. Their populations have previously been monitored mainly through live‐trapping and sign surveys. However, these methods are labor‐intensive and either stress captured animals or limited by sign visibility and persistence. As noninvasive alternatives, we deployed baited camera traps and baited track plates to monitor eastern woodrat (N. floridana) presence along rocky outcrops at 4 woodrat reintroduction sites in southern Illinois, USA, during May 2013 (5 camera and track‐plate stations/site) and May and September 2014 (4 camera and track‐plate stations/site) to compare their effectiveness. During each deployment, camera traps detected woodrat presence at all 4 sites while track plates only detected presence at 2–3 sites. A greater proportion of camera traps than track plates recorded detections during each deployment. Camera traps required more person‐hours to deploy and retrieve, but resulted in more detections per hour effort than track plates. We conclude that baited camera traps are superior to baited track plates for detecting and monitoring woodrat presence. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Limiting conflicts when managing public lands for furbearer trapping and dog‐related recreation
Authors: Triezenberg Heather A. , Knuth Barbara A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTResource users with different interests frequent public lands, resulting in opportunity for conflict. We examined the issue of interactions among wildlife trappers and dog owners by examining stakeholders’ socio‐demographics, land usage, concerns, attitudes, and satisfaction with multiuse public land management for recreation with dogs and furbearer trapping. We sent mail‐back questionnaires to licensed dog owners (n = 1,000; hereafter, dog owners) and licensed wildlife trappers (n = 1,000; hereafter, wildlife trappers) in a 10‐county area of New York, USA, during 2009. After weighting data, results revealed dog owners and wildlife trappers had differences in land usage patterns for all land types. Dog owners and wildlife trappers, regardless of whether they owned a dog, differed in all items except that they had similar levels of satisfaction for management of public lands in their region for both recreation with dogs and wildlife trapping. Seeing dogs under voice and sight command of their owner or trainer was positively related to satisfaction with management of public lands for wildlife trappers and agreement that dog owners have few places to take their dogs and allow them to run off‐leash. Concern about dogs getting caught in wildlife traps was negatively related to satisfaction with public lands management for wildlife trappers. For dog owners, agreement that trappers should be allowed to trap on public lands was positively related to satisfaction. Our results suggest that state wildlife agencies seeking to improve stakeholder interactions and satisfaction with public land management for both wildlife trapping and recreation with dogs should promote the importance of dogs being under control through voice or sight command or directly on a leash, and should consider creating spaces for dogs to run off leash. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Adult attachment and health symptoms: The mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties
Authors: Lewczuk Karol , Kobylińska Dorota , Marchlewska Marta , Krysztofiak Magdalena , Glica Agnieszka , Moiseeva Viktoriia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious research suggests that insecurely attached individuals may, in some cases, have a higher risk of developing negative health symptoms than securely attached ones. We conducted two studies (Study 1, n = 191; Study 2, n = 216) aimed at broadening this finding. We analysed the relationships between two distinct dimensions of insecure attachment (anxious and avoidant) and several classes of negative physical and mental health symptoms. Additionally, we placed emotion regulation difficulties in the role of potential mediator of these relationships. Our results indicated that both anxious and avoidant attachment were positively related to health symptoms on the level of bivariate correlations. However, when both of them were controlled within one mediation model, it was only attachment anxiety, and not attachment avoidance, that proved to be a significant, positive predictor of most health symptom classes: vegetative, agoraphobic, social phobia symptoms and global symptom severity index (which reflects a broad range of negative health symptoms). These relationships were indeed mediated by emotion regulation difficulties. Our results support the notion that (1) different dimensions of insecure attachment can have differential consequences for physical and mental health, and (2) emotion regulation can be one of the mechanisms that explain the links between attachment and health.
Upper Crustal Vp/Vs Ratios at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, From Joint Inversion of P and S Traveltimes: Implications for Hydrothermal Circulation
Authors: Kim Eunyoung , Toomey Douglas R. , Hooft Emilie E. E. , Wilcock William S. D. , Weekly Robert T. , Lee Sang‐Mook , Kim Young Hee 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge is one of the most active and long‐lived hydrothermal areas of the mid‐ocean ridge system. However, the permeability structure that gives rise to long‐term venting at well‐established fields, such as the High Rise, Main Endeavour, and Mothra fields, is not fully understood. Here we jointly invert Pg and Sg traveltimes from a seismic refraction experiment conducted at the Endeavour segment using P‐to‐S coupling constraints. We then calculate porosity and crack density as a function of crack aspect ratio by applying the differential effective medium theory to the seismic velocities. At 1.4‐km depth, average Vp ~5 km off axis increases by ~0.4 km/s compared to the ridge axis. The average Vp/Vs has a minimum of ~1.75 on the ridge axis and increases to a maximum of ~1.84 off axis. The inferred porosity and crack density distributions show that the proportion of thick versus thin cracks decreases from the ridge axis to the flanks, since theoretical models indicate that Vp/Vs increases going from thick to thin cracks (aspect ratio decreasing from 0.1 to 0.01). The dominant presence of thick cracks on the axis may provide long‐term conduits for upflow in high‐temperature hydrothermal circulation potentially forming the vent fields. The increased proportion of thin cracks on the flanks, coupled with the increased seismic velocity, indicates a decrease in permeability caused by progressive clogging of thick cracks due to mineral precipitation likely in the downflow zone of hydrothermal circulation.
Propagation and Vertical Structure of the Tidal Flow in Nares Strait
Authors: Davis Peter E. D. , Johnson Helen L. , Melling Humfrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe southward freshwater flux through Nares Strait is an important component of the Arctic's freshwater budget. On short time scales, flow through the strait is dominated by the tides, and tidal dynamics may be important for the magnitude of the freshwater flux over longer periods. Here we build upon our existing knowledge of the tides in the region by exploring their propagation and vertical structure using data from four bottom‐mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers deployed in Nares Strait between 2003 and 2006. We observe that propagating barotropic semidiurnal tidal waves interact to create a standing wave pattern, explaining the abnormally large tidal amplitudes that are observed in this region. In the along‐strait direction, semidiurnal tidal currents exhibit strong variations with depth. In contrast, the diurnal tides propagate northward through the strait as progressive waves, and the tidal currents are broadly depth invariant. Proximity of Nares Strait to the semidiurnal critical latitude and the topographical restriction imposed by the steep side wall of Ellesmere Island are primary drivers behind the observed vertical variability. In the upper part of the water column, baroclinic activity increases the tidal current amplitude by up to 25%. In the across‐strait direction, a two‐layer structure exists in both the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal flow, with a phase lag of approximately a quarter of a tidal cycle across the strait for the semidiurnal tide. Our results suggest that strong vertical motion exists against the side walls of Nares Strait, as the across‐strait flow interacts with the steeply sloping bathymetry.
Spin‐Up of the Southern Hemisphere Super Gyre
Authors: Qu Tangdong , Fukumori Ichiro , Fine Rana A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the variability of the Southern Hemisphere super gyre (SHSG), using remotely sensed altimeter measurements, in situ Argo observations, and results from an ocean state estimate of the Consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean. Analyses of altimeter data show large trends of sea surface height, and their positive‐negative contrast suggests a strengthening of subtropical gyres in all the three Southern Hemisphere oceans since 1993. Analyses of Argo data and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean estimate indicate that these dynamic signals of southern subtropical gyres extend to at least 2,000 m. The three southern subtropical gyres are interconnected through the Tasman and Agulhas leakages and vary consistently during the period 1993–2016. The Tasman and Agulhas leakages also show an increasing trend of inter‐ocean water exchange with a typical increase of ~2 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s) per decade, indicative of a two‐decade‐long spin‐up of the SHSG. The strengthening and poleward shift of westerly winds are associated with an increasing southern annular mode, which affect the midlatitude and high‐latitude Southern Hemisphere oceans and contribute to the spin‐up of the SHSG.
Cross‐Shelf Transport of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Tracers: A Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Lamontagne S. , Webster I. T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe coastal mass balance for environmental tracers can be used to evaluate submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and is often estimated using advective‐dispersive cross‐shelf transport models. Here we evaluate the sensitivity of different types of SGD tracers to key variables in this transport model under a wide range of environmental conditions. Salinity and long‐lived radionuclides (here represented by 226Ra; half‐life = 1,600 years) were transported by a combination of advection and dispersion under the scenarios considered, but short‐lived radionuclides (here represented by 224Ra; half‐life = 3.66 days) were mostly dispersed unless the offshore coefficient of solute dispersivity (Kx) was very low (<1 m2/s). Sensitivity to variations in key transport variables was further evaluated by reinterpreting the cross‐shelf trends in Ra activity in the semiarid Gulf St Vincent of South Australia (GSV). In GSV, the trends in most Ra isotopes (223Ra, 228Ra, and 226Ra) in seawater could be explained similarly by a large number of parameter combinations, implying these tracers would provide highly uncertain SGD estimates in this environment. However, the range of possible parameter combinations was relatively smaller for 224Ra, suggesting that SGD estimates derived from this tracer would be most reliable for GSV. In both the sensitivity analysis and the reevaluation of the GSV data, Kx was the most sensitive parameter in the transport equation. Because Kx is an empirical parameter potentially encompassing different dispersion processes in time and space (tidal currents, storms, etc.), it is likely to be tracer, time, and site specific.
Long‐Term Nutrient Variations in the Bohai Sea Over the Past 40 Years
Authors: Wang Junjie , Yu Zhigang , Wei Qinsheng , Yao Qingzhen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs China's only continental sea, the Bohai Sea is a relatively closed environment and is vulnerable to natural changes and human activities. In this paper, the long‐term variations in nutrients in the Bohai Sea and the potential influencing factors were analyzed based on historical summer and winter data from 1978 to 2016. The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the Bohai Sea continuously increased from 1990 and rapidly increased after 2002, the phosphate (PO4‐P) concentration exhibited a decreasing trend, and the silicate (SiO3‐Si) concentration decreased from 1978 to 1987 and increased from 1987 to 2008. The nutrient concentrations were lower in summer than in winter, and the bottom concentrations were higher than the surface concentrations in summer, whereas the vertical differences were insignificant in winter. The dominant factor determining the long‐term variations in DIN were atmospheric deposition and nonpoint sources due to various human activities; the primary factors affecting PO4‐P were riverine inputs and nonpoint sources related to natural changes and human activities; the primary factors afftecting SiO3‐Si were riverine inputs. The N/P ratio followed the DIN variation, the Si/P ratio followed the SiO3‐Si variation, and the Si/N ratio decreased. The nutrient ratios were lower at the bottom than at the surface and were lower in winter than in summer. The nutrient limitation changed from nitrogen limitation to phosphorus and silicon limitations. The long‐term nutrient variations in the Bohai Sea have potential ecological impacts on the local red tide features.