bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DeTerm: Software for automatic detection of neuronal dendritic branch terminals via an artificial neural network
Authors: Kanaoka Yasutetsu , Skibbe Henrik , Hayashi Yusaku , Uemura Tadashi , Hattori Yukako 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDendrites of neurons receive and process synaptic or sensory inputs. The Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (da) neuron is an established model system to explore molecular mechanisms of dendrite morphogenesis. The total number of dendritic branch terminals is one of the frequently employed parameters to characterize dendritic arborization complexity of class IV neurons. This parameter gives a useful phenotypic readout of arborization during neurogenesis, and it is typically determined by laborious manual analyses of numerous images. Ideally, an automated analysis would greatly reduce the workload; however, it is challenging to automatically discriminate dendritic branch terminals from signals of surrounding tissues in whole‐mount live larvae. Here, we describe our newly developed software, called DeTerm, which automatically recognizes and quantifies dendrite branch terminals via an artificial neural network. Once we input an image file of a neuronal dendritic arbor and its region of interest information, DeTerm is capable of labeling terminals of larval class IV neurons with high precision, and it also provides positional data of individual terminals. We further show that DeTerm is applicable to other types of neurons, including mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells. DeTerm is freely available on the web and was successfully tested on Mac, Windows and Linux.
Global consumer study to identify water wastage in the usage of automatic dishwashers
Authors: Belke Lara , Maitra Writi , Nijhuis Bert , Presti Clara , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn dishcleaning automatic dishwashers do clearly win over manual cleaning when it comes to efficiency: Resources can be saved without compromising on hygiene. But mistakes in the usage behaviour can equalize saving advantages. Consumers in nine countries, covering different regions of the world, were asked about their dishcleaning behaviour to identify if this household work is done in a resource saving way. By analysing mistakes in the current behaviour, the potential of water savings shall be estimated.
The characteristics of the electrocardiogram and the intracardiac electrogram in left bundle branch pacing
Authors: Chen Xueying , Wu Shengjie , Su Lan , Su Yangang , Huang Weijian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has recently been reported to maintain left ventricular electrical synchrony with a low and stable threshold. However, the electrocardiogram (ECG) definitions of LBBP have not been well established. We report four cases to show the characteristics of the ECG and the intracardiac electrogram (EGM) in LBBP.Methods and ResultsFour patients, two with an atrioventricular block (AVB) and two with left bundle branch block (LBBB), were included in the study. LBBP was performed and the ECGs and EGMs were collected and compared at different pacing outputs. Selective LBBP (S‐LBBP) was defined as only capturing the LBB with a typical RBBB morphology and a discrete component between the pacing stimulus and ventricular activation in the EGMs. While nonselective LBBP (NS‐LBBP) captured both the LBB and the local myocardium, resulting in a narrow right bundle branch block (RBBB) morphology without the discrete component. The left bundle branch (LBB) potential was recorded in two cases during narrow QRS complex or LBBB correction by selective His bundle pacing and SLBBP (n = 3) was achieved. A constant and shortest stimulus to left ventricular activation time (LVAT) in LBBP was obtained at different pacing outputs.ConclusionThe ECG and EGM characteristics of LBBP can be summarized as: 1) RBBB pattern; 2) usually with the LBB potential; 3) SLBBP with specific ECG changes and a discrete component in EGM; and 4) with a constant and shortest stimulus to LVAT at different pacing outputs. Further studies are necessary to confirm these observations.
Measurement of arterial stiffness and vascular aging in community pharmacies—The ASINPHAR@2action project
Authors: Pereira Telmo , Paulino Ema , Maximiano Sofia , Rosa Mariana , Pinto Ana Luísa , Mendes Maria João , Brito Joana , Soares Patrícia , Risse Johannes , Gose Sonja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ASINPHAR@2action project aims at raising awareness to arterial stiffness (AS) and early vascular aging (EVA) through a community pharmacy–based intervention. This preliminary analysis is focused on the analysis of the proportion of participants with increased AS and the identification of its main determinants. We performed an observational cross‐sectional study of participants enrolled in 11 community pharmacies in Portugal, between April and November 2017. Blood pressure (BP) and arterial function parameters were measured with a validated device. Clinical and demographic information was gathered, as well as the estimation of global cardiovascular risk, health‐related quality of life, and dietary profile. Cholesterol and glycaemia were taken from a recent laboratory bulletin. The cohort includes 658 participants with a mean age of 57.3 ± 16.3 years, 66% women. Brachial BP was 126.6 ± 16.4 mm Hg and 79.9 ± 11.5 mm Hg, and central BP was 115.8 ± 15.4 mm Hg and 81.2 ± 11.6 mm Hg, respectively, for systolic and diastolic BP. Mean pulse wave velocity (PWV) was 8.5 ± 2.3 m/s, and the augmentation index was 23.6 ± 15.6%. The proportion of participants with increased AS was 19.8%. The overall best‐fitting model for AS included age, gender, aortic PP, visceral fat, HDL cholesterol, AIx@75, total vascular resistance, hypertension, and diabetes, corresponding to an AUC of 0.910 (CI: 0.883, 0.937; P < 0.001) in the ROC curve analysis. The preliminary results of this pioneering large‐scale study measuring arterial function in community pharmacies provide the grounds for the operationalization of subclinical target organ damage screening in pharmacies, as a strategy to improve cardiovascular risk monitoring and to promote adherence to treatment.
Clinical and enzymatic phenotypes in congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to glucokinase‐activating mutations: A report of two cases and a brief overview of the literature
Authors: Ping Fan , Wang Zhixin , Xiao Xinhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe principal aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, genetic and functional characteristics of two cases of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) caused by glucokinase (GCK) mutations in young patients.Materials and MethodsNovel mutations were detected by CHI next‐generation sequencing, and the kinetic parameters and thermal stability of recombinant wild‐type and mutant glucokinase were determined in vitro. In addition, 18 naturally occurring GCK‐CHI mutations reported previously were also summarized.ResultsA de novo mutation (M197V) was found in a 17‐year‐old male with an epilepsy history, whereas an autosomal dominant mutation (K90R) was found in a 20‐year‐old female with inherited asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Kinetic analysis showed increased enzyme activity for both mutants (RAI 4.7 for M197V and 1.6 for K90R) and enhanced thermal stability for the M197V mutant. However, of all the GCK‐CHI mutants, the increase in enzyme activity (RAI between 1.6 and 130) did not correlate strongly with the severity of hypoglycemia. The de novo group (7/19) showed distinctive phenotypes from the autosomal dominant group (12/19), such as a higher proportion of diazoxide unresponsiveness (28.6% vs 0%), a higher incidence of macrosomia (85.7% vs 40%) and a rarer incidence of adulthood onset (0% vs 25%).ConclusionsThe clinical phenotypes of GCK‐CHIs were highly heterogeneous. We have identified two novel GCK‐CHI mutations in young patients and investigated their pathogenicity by enzyme kinetic analysis, which expanded the spectrum of this rare disease.
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is not invasive through Asia: It's been there all along
Authors: Clarke Anthony R. , Li Zhi‐hong , Qin Yu‐jia , Zhao Zi‐Hua , Liu Li‐jun , Schutze Mark K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a highly polyphagous fruit fly which, in the last 15 years, has invaded (with or without establishment) Africa, Europe and North America. As a direct result of these invasions, there is increasing research interest in the invasion history and spread patterns of this fly. A statement being repeatedly used in the B. dorsalis invasion literature is that the species was first identified from Taiwan in 1912 and that it subsequently spread through South‐East and South Asia during the 20th century. This assumption is incorrect and stems from: (a) an incomplete knowledge of B. dorsalis taxonomic history; and (b) a confounding of first taxonomic record with first invasion record. Rather than being first detected in Taiwan in 1912, the first record of oriental fruit fly was from “East India” (India orientali) under the synonymous name of Musca ferruginea by Fabricius in 1794, and in the 1910s, it was known not only from Taiwan, but widely across tropical Asia with records from India, Burma, Bengal, Sri Lanka (as Ceylon), Singapore and Indonesia (multiple islands). The taxonomic literature is very clear that oriental fruit fly has not invaded the rest of Asia from Taiwan since 1912, and this error should not continue to be repeated in the literature.
Ten years of severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Pham Hiep , Thompson Jenny , Wurzel Danielle , Duke Trevor 
Published: May 2019

AimTo describe the epidemiology and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), including the clinical presentations, comorbidities, respiratory support required, costs and outcomes.MethodsThis study was an analysis of a database for all children with RSV infections admitted to the PICU in Melbourne between 2005 and 2015.ResultsA total of 604 episodes of community‐acquired RSV infections were analysed, and the median age of children was 4 months (interquartile range 2–14 months); 94% of cases had lower respiratory tract infection, principally bronchiolitis, and 8.9% presented with extrapulmonary features. Respiratory support included humidified high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (76% of patients since its introduction in 2011), non‐invasive ventilation (41%) and intubation and mechanical ventilation (32%). Almost half (n = 270; 45%) had one or more pre‐existing comorbid condition. Risk factors for intubation and mechanical ventilation were presence of comorbidities (odds ratio 1.97; confidence interval 1.39–2.79, P < 0.001) and transfer from an external hospital (odds ratio 1.82; confidence interval 1.58–2.57, P < 0.001). Of the children without pre‐existing comorbidities, 25% required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Following the introduction of humidified high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, the number of annual PICU admissions for RSV infection doubled; however, the number of children requiring intubation remained unchanged. The median length of intensive care unit stay was 3.7 days and further hospital stay was 3.6 days, and the average cost per case was approximately AU$20000.ConclusionsRSV infection carries a high burden in PICU, in bed‐days and cost. Chronic comorbidities and transfer from a peripheral hospital were associated with a higher rate of need for mechanical ventilation.
More Than Frequency? Exploring Predictors of Word Difficulty for Second Language Learners
Authors: Hashimoto Brett J. , Egbert Jesse 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFrequency is often the only variable considered when researchers or teachers develop vocabulary materials for second language (L2) learners. However, researchers have also found that many other variables affect vocabulary acquisition. In this study, we explored the relationship between L2 vocabulary acquisition and a variety of lexical characteristics using vocabulary recognition test data from L2 English learners. Conducting best subsets multiple regression analysis to explore all possible combinations of variables, we produced a best‐fitting model of vocabulary difficulty consisting of six variables (R2 = .37). The fact that many variables significantly contributed to the regression model and that a large amount of variance remained yet unexplained by the frequency variable considered in this study indicates that much more than frequency alone affects the likelihood that learners will learn certain L2 words.
Associations of retinal microvascular caliber with intermediate phenotypes of large arterial function and structure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Mengjiao , Wake Melissa , Wong Tien Yin , He Mingguang , Xiao Yinzong , Burgner David P. , Lycett Kate 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveIntermediate phenotypes of microcirculation (retinal microvascular caliber) are associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and independently predict CV events. However, the effect of microcirculation variation on the vascular system is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies to quantify associations of retinal microvascular caliber (arteriolar, venular caliber, arteriole‐to‐venule ratio) and preclinical CV measures (large arterial function and structure).MethodsWe identified studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed (1946 to March 2018) studying (a) general population samples and (b) patients with cardiometabolic disease. Study‐specific correlation estimates were combined into meta‐analysis where possible.ResultsOf 1294 studies identified, 26 met inclusion criteria (general population 16, patients 10), of which five studies were included in meta‐analysis. Most studied middle‐aged adults cross‐sectionally, with one childhood study. Large arterial function and structure were predominantly assessed by pulse wave velocity and carotid intima‐media thickness, respectively. Only arteriolar caliber was consistently associated with arterial function and structure, with stronger associations observed in cardiometabolic patients. Narrower (worse) arteriolar caliber was associated with faster (poorer) pulse wave velocity (correlation coefficient (r) −0.17, 95% CI −0.25 to −0.10) and greater (poorer) intima‐media thickness (r −0.05, 95%CI −0.09 to −0.02) across all adult participants.ConclusionsRetinal arteriolar, but not venular caliber, was modestly associated with large arterial function and weakly associated with large arterial structure, with stronger evidence in patients with cardiometabolic disease. This suggests that preclinical changes in large arteries and the microcirculation have some shared but mainly unique pathways to associate with cardiovascular disease.
Predicting rail defect frequency: An integrated approach using fatigue modeling and data analytics
Authors: Ghofrani Faeze , Pathak Abhishek , Mohammadi Reza , Aref Amjad , He Qing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn maintenance planning of rail track, it is imperative to assess the potential and frequency of rail defects. Although this problem has been mainly studied in the literature by either data‐driven or mechanic‐based models, in the present study a new method is proposed to account for the strengths of both approaches in a single model. The envisaged model incorporates fatigue crack growth model, through Finite Element Modeling (FEM), into Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) framework. The method is applied to the prediction of rail defect frequency for transverse defects obtained from a US Class I Railroad. The results of the proposed model show that inducing the mechanics of rail defects into a data‐driven model outperforms the traditional pure data‐driven models by over 20%. The outcome of this study, along with necessary future developments to broaden the scope of applicability of the method, will benefit railroad existing practice in capital and maintenance planning.
A graph‐based method for social sensing of infrastructure disruptions in disasters
Authors: Fan Chao , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDamages in critical infrastructure occur abruptly, and disruptions evolve with time dynamically. Understanding the situation of critical infrastructure disruptions is essential to effective disaster response and recovery of communities. Although the potential of social media data for situation awareness during disasters has been investigated in recent studies, the application of social sensing in detecting disruptions and analyzing evolutions of the situation about critical infrastructure is limited. To address this limitation, this study developed a graph‐based method for detecting credible situation information related to infrastructure disruptions in disasters. The proposed method was composed of data filtering, burst time‐frame detection, content similarity calculation, graph analysis, and situation evolution analysis. The application of the proposed method was demonstrated in a case study of Hurricane Harvey in 2017 in Houston. The findings highlighted the capability of the proposed method in detecting credible situational information and capturing the temporal and spatial patterns of critical infrastructure events that occurred in Harvey, including disruptive events and their adverse impacts on communities. The proposed methodology can improve the ability of community members, volunteer responders, and decision makers to detect and respond to infrastructure disruptions in disasters.
The upper level: examining the risk of excess micronutrient intake in pregnancy from antenatal supplements
Authors: Gernand Alison D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicronutrient deficiencies are prevalent and co‐occurring among pregnant women in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). To prevent and treat deficiencies, antenatal vitamin and mineral supplements are the most common interventions during gestation. With most micronutrients, there can be health risks when intake regularly exceeds a high amount, and an upper threshold value set by the United States and Canada, the World Health Organization, and other groups is commonly called an upper intake level (UL). This review summarizes what is known about risks in pregnancy when ULs are exceeded and assesses the potential risk of exceeding the UL if a pregnant woman is taking a multiple micronutrient supplement. Overall, there is limited information on pregnancy‐specific risks from excess intake. When assuming high dietary intake plus the amount in a standard multiple micronutrient supplement (with 30 mg of iron), only niacin and iron would be expected to slightly exceed the UL. Known risks for this level intake for each nutrient are transient and mild.
Genetic diversity ofPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiae, pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker
Authors: Sawada H. , Fujikawa T. 
Published: May 2019

Bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit currently occurs in at least 15 countries, causing serious damage. The causative agent of the disease isPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiae(Psa), which is genetically diverse and is currently classified into five biovars, namely, biovars 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. In Japan, four biovars except biovar 2 have been found so far. These biovars have been confirmed to have differences in the virulence and composition of pathogenicity‐related genes, such as toxin biosynthesis and typeIIIeffector genes. Biovars 1 and 6 possess thetoxisland, a genomic island of approximately 38 kb, which contains phaseolotoxin biosynthesis genes (argK‐toxcluster) and is confirmed to have been acquired from other bacteria through horizontal transfers. Also, on the megaplasmid possessed by biovar 6, there exist coronatine biosynthesis genes, and biovar 6 has the ability to produce two phytotoxins, phaseolotoxin and coronatine. In 2014, biovar 3, considered to be of foreign origin, was confirmed for the first time in Japan. Biovar 5, whose virulence is relatively weak, is distributed only in a limited area. In addition to thetoxisland and various plasmids, a large number of mobile genetic elements are confirmed to be present on the Psa genomes, which might have played a major role in helping Psa to acquire new features. In order to understand how Psa acquired the ability to infect kiwifruit systemically, it is important to make polyphasic comparisons with related pathovars, such asP. syringaepv.theaeand pv.actinidifoliorum.
The Impact of the London Bombings on the Well‐Being of Adolescent Muslims*
Authors: Hole Arne Risa , Ratcliffe Anita 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe exploit the timing of the London bombings of July 2005, coinciding with a large‐scale national survey of adolescents, to identify the impact of extremist Islamic terror attacks on the well‐being of adolescent Muslims. Our analysis reveals interesting gender differences. We find evidence of a decline in the happiness of Muslim teenage girls after the bombings, which is also accompanied by a rise in expectations of facing discrimination in the labour market. These findings are robust to several falsification tests. However, we fail to uncover compelling evidence of any impact of the bombings on Muslim teenage boys.
Use of Machine Learning to Model Volume Load Effects on Changes in Jump Performance
Authors: Kipp Kristof , Krzyszkowski John , Kant-Hull Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To use an artificial neural network (ANN) to model the effect of 15 weeks of resistance training on changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in male track-and-field athletes. Methods: Resistance training volume load (VL) of 21 male division I track-and-field athletes was monitored over the course of 15 weeks, which covered their indoor and outdoor competitive season. Weekly CMJ height was also measured and used to calculate the overall 15-week change in CMJ performance. A feed-forward ANN with 5 hidden layers was used to model how the VL from each of the 15 weeks was associated with the overall change in CMJ height. Results: Testing the performance of the developed ANN on 4 separate athletes showed that 15 weeks of VL data could predict individual changes in CMJ height with an average error between 0.21 and 1.47 cm, which suggested that the ANN adequately modeled the relationship between weekly VL and its effects on CMJ performance. In addition, analysis of the relative importance of each week in predicting changes in CMJ height indicated that the VLs during deload or taper weeks were the best predictors (10%–17%) of changes in CMJ performance. Conclusions: ANN can be used to effectively model the effects of weekly VL on changes in CMJ performance. In addition, ANN can be used to assess the relative importance of each week in predicting changes in CMJ height.