bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Novel Ceramic Encapsulation Materials for Electronic Packaging
Authors: Kaessner Stefan , Scheibel Markus G. , Behrendt Stefan , Boettge Bianca , Berthold Christoph , Nickel Klaus G. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Enhancements on power electronic systems with reduced chip area and miniaturized passive components are subject of several research activities in academics and industry. To realize such future electronic devices, it is necessary to incorporate wide bandgap semiconductor technology such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride operating at higher temperatures. Therefore, the development of novel materials with high thermal conductivities and stability, withstanding harsh environments up to 300°C is of major interest. Especially, polymeric encapsulation materials have to be improved because of common degradation effects above 175°C. Ceramic (nonpolymeric) materials with thermal conductivities above 5 W/(m·K) already illustrated promising results for the encapsulation of power electronics. The present work illustrates recent developments and improvements on novel ceramic encapsulation materials, which finally avoid critical interactions with the chip surface. Furthermore, advances in reliability will be discussed in terms of passed high-temperature reverse bias and humidity tests correlated with relevant material properties.
Nursing clinical competence in area medica
Authors: Bertoncini Guest Editors: F. , Gatta C. , Pentella G. 
Published: October 2018

Introduzione Background

La nursing clinical competence
Il concetto di clinical competence in medicina interna
Declinare e classificare i livelli di competenza
Aree di assistenza nei contesti di area medica

Il paziente cronico
Scompenso cardiaco
La broncopneumopatia cronica e ostruttiva
La cirrosi epatica
La pancreatite
Il diabete mellito
Il delirium
La depressione
Il paziente critico
L’ipertensione
La trombosi venosa profonda
L’ischemia cerebrale
La disfagia
Gli squilibri idroelettrolitici
Le polmoniti
I sanguinamenti gastro-intestinali
La sepsi
Il monitoraggio cardiaco
La ventilazione non-invasiva
L’ecografia operativa bedside
Somministrazione di terapia e chemioterapia
Le lesioni da pressione
Il dolore
Gli accessi vascolari
Il paziente fragile
La dimissione difficile
Il fine vita

Obiettivo Metodi Risultati Conclusioni Bibliografia
Career Choice, Barriers, and Prospects of Asian American Social Workers
Authors: Kwong Kenny 
Published: October 2018

The current study explored factors influencing career choices of Asian American social workers and assessed if their personal characteristics and career-related experiences affected their perceived glass ceiling, perception of ethnic discrimination, and perception of career prospects. A total of 208 Asian American social work administrators, supervisors, practitioners and graduate social work students participated in a comprehensive online survey. Participants provided basic demographic and career-related information and completed a set of measures to explore their reasons of choosing social work as their career, and their career perceptions and prospects. Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of their perception of ethnic discrimination, perceived glass ceiling, and perception of career prospects. The findings showed that altruistic reasons were very important to extremely important in their choice of social work as their career. Social work idealism was found to associate positively with both altruistic reasons and professional concerns of choosing social work. There was a significant relationship between participant’s immigration status and family influence on their career choice. Those who were not born in the U.S. were more likely to be influenced by their family in their career choice than those who were born in in the U.S. Those whose parents were not born in the U.S. were more likely to be influenced by their family expectations on their career choice than either of their parents was born in the U.S. Perceptions of organizational fairness was found to be a strong predictor of perceived glass ceiling, perception of ethnic discrimination, and perception of career prospects. Implications of the findings for social work education and future research were discussed.
Cardiac Complications Related to Spine Surgery: Timing, Risk Factors, and Clinical Effect
Authors: Bovonratwet Patawut , Bohl Daniel D. , Malpani Rohil , Haynes Monique S. , Rubio Daniel R. , Ondeck Nathaniel T. , Shultz Blake N. , Mahal Amandeep R. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Large cohort studies evaluating cardiac complications in patients undergoing spine surgery are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, timing, risk factors, and effect of cardiac complications in spine surgery by using a national database, the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

Methods:
Patients who underwent spine surgery in the 2005 to 2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database were identified. The primary outcome was an occurrence of cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction during the operation or the 30-day postoperative period. Risk factors for development of cardiac complications were identified using multivariate regression. The postoperative length of stay, 30-day readmission, and mortality were compared between patients who did and did not experience a cardiac complication.

Results:
A total of 30,339 patients who underwent spine surgery were identified. The incidence of cardiac complications was 0.34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27% to 0.40%). Of the cases in which a cardiac complication developed, 30% were diagnosed after discharge. Risk factors for the development of cardiac complications were greater age (most notably ≥80 years, relative risk [RR] = 5.53; 95% CI = 2.28 to 13.43; P < 0.001), insulin-dependent diabetes (RR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.51 to 4.41; P = 0.002), preoperative anemia (RR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.62 to 3.76; P < 0.001), and history of cardiac disorders and treatments (RR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.16 to 3.07; P = 0.011). Development of a cardiac complication before discharge was associated with a greater length of stay (7.9 versus 2.6 days; P < 0.001), and a cardiac complication after discharge was associated with increased 30-day readmission (RR = 12.32; 95% CI = 8.17 to 18.59; P < 0.001). Development of a cardiac complication any time during the operation or 30-day postoperative period was associated with increased mortality (RR = 113.83; 95% CI = 58.72 to 220.68; P < 0.001).

Discussion:
Perioperative cardiac complications were diagnosed in approximately 1 in 300 patients undergoing spine surgery. High-risk patients should be medically optimized and closely monitored through the perioperative period.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Influence of Major Urban Construction on Atmospheric Particulates and Emission Reduction Measures
Authors: Wang Shunyi , Zhou Ping , Lin Limin , Liu Chuankun , Huang Tao 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In order to understand the variation of air quality and the concentration of atmospheric particulates in Chengdu Second Ring Road renovation project, this paper starts to investigate the surrounding residents’ opinions on the influenced environment and their daily lives via questionnaires. Then the study numerically simulates the change rule of atmospheric particulates in terms of time and space by using the Gaussian dispersion-deposition model and the compartment model. The optimized scientific scheme is selected by the improved fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to help decision making for the future urban reconstructions. Finally, the reduced emissions of atmospheric particulates are measured when the improvement scheme is provided. According to the study, it can be concluded that the concentration of atmospheric particulates increases rapidly in central Chengdu city during the renovation project, which results in worsening air quality in Chengdu during March 2012 to March 2013. Taking related measures on energy saving and emission reduction can effectively reduce the concentration of atmospheric particulates and promote economic, environmental and social coordination.
Meteorological Factors Affecting Winter Particulate Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar from 2008 to 2016
Authors: Wang Minrui , Kai Kenji , Sugimoto Nobuo , Enkhmaa Sarangerel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, is subject to high levels of atmospheric pollution during winter, which severely threatens the health of the population. By analyzing surface meteorological data, ground-based LIDAR data, and radiosonde data collected from 2008 to 2016, we studied seasonal variations in particulate matter (PM) concentration, visibility, relative humidity, temperature inversion layer thickness, and temperature inversion intensity. PM concentrations started to exceed the 24-h average standard (50 μg/m3) in mid-October and peaked from December to January. Visibility showed a significant negative correlation with PM concentration. Relative humidity was within the range of 60–80% when there were high PM concentrations. Both temperature inversion layer thickness and intensity reached maxima in January and showed similar seasonal variations with respect to PM concentration. The monthly average temperature inversion intensity showed a strong positive correlation with the monthly average PM2.5 concentration. Furthermore, the temperature inversion layer thickness exceeded 500 m in midwinter and overlaid the weak mixed layer during daytime. Radiative cooling enhanced by the basin-like terrain led to a stable urban atmosphere, which strengthened particulate air pollution.
A política brasileira de integração dos povos indígenas: o discurso integracionista materializado no arquivo jurídico
Authors: Cabrera Bruna Cielo , Scherer Amanda Eloina 
Published: October 2018

Em consonância com o arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso, debruçamo-nos sobre o Estatuto do Índio (Lei 6.001, 19 de dezembro de 1973) e seu autodeclarado propósito de promover a integração dos povos indígenas à comunhão nacional. Buscamos compreender quais os efeitos de sentido que derivam de integração no discurso que se constitui no/pelo Estatuto através da tutela da capacidade civil indígena estabelecida nesta legislação. Tomamos a noção de arquivo pecheutiana como procedimento teórico-metodológico para tratamento dos materiais elencados para análise, sendo recortadas sequências discursivas para compor o corpus, que se organizam em função de relações parafrásticas e polissêmicas.
Infection and coinfection by human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus and Merkel cell polyomavirus in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a retrospective study
Authors: Vazquez-Guillen Jose Manuel , Palacios-Saucedo Gerardo C. , Rivera-Morales Lydia Guadalupe , Alonzo-Morado Monica Valeria , Burciaga-Bernal Saira Berenice , Montufar-Martinez Maribel , Ortiz-Lopez Rocio , Gonzalez-Villasana Vianey , Martinez-Torres Ana Carolina , Serna-Hernandez Julio Cesar , Hernandez-Martinez Silvia Judith , Castelan-Maldonado Edmundo Erbey , Zavala-Pompa Angel , Montalvo-Bañuelos Martha Socorro , Garcia-Cabello Ricardo , Sanchez-Fresno Ethel Corinthia , Rodriguez-Padilla Cristina 
Published: October 2018

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as an important risk factor for laryngeal carcinogenesis. Although HPV-16 and 18 have been strongly implicated, the presence of other high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes or the coinfection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPV) may increase the risk, but their etiological association has not been definitively established.

Methods
We characterized the genotype-specific HPV and the frequency of EBV and MCPV infections through the detection of their DNA in 195 laryngeal specimens of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histologically confirmed.

Results
HPV DNA was detected in 93 (47.7%) specimens. HPV-11 was the most frequent with 68 cases (73.1%), and HPV-52 was the most frequently HR-HPV found with 51 cases, which corresponds to 54.8% of all HPV-positive specimens. EBV DNA was detected in 54 (27.7%) tumor tissue specimens of which 25 (46.3%) were in coinfection with HPV. MCPV DNA was detected only in 11 (5.6%) cases of which 5 (45.4%) were in coinfection with an HR-HPV. No association between the presence of DNA of the three examined viruses and the patient smoking habits, alcohol consumption, age, the keratinization status, differentiation grade, or localization of the tumor in the larynx were found.

Discussion
HPV-52 was the most prevalent HR-HPV, which may suggest that this and other genotypes in addition to HPV-16 and 18 could be considered for prophylaxis. However, further studies including non-cancer larynx cases and the evaluation of other molecular markers and viral co-infection mechanisms are needed to determine the role of the different HR-HPV genotypes, EBV, and MCPV in the etiology of SCC of the larynx.
Clinical implementation of Dosimetry Check™ for TomoTherapy® delivery quality assurance
Authors: Chung Eunah , Kwon Dongyeol , Park Taeyang , Kang Hyeri , Chung Yoonsun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeThe delivery quality assurance (DQA) of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans is a prerequisite for ensuring patient treatments. This work investigated the clinical usefulness of a new DQA system, Dosimetry Check™(DC), on TomoTherapy®‐based helical IMRT plans.MethodsThe DQA was performed for 15 different TomoTherapy®‐based clinical treatment plans. In Tomotherapy® machines, the couch position was set to a height of 400 mm and the treatment plans were delivered using QA‐Treatment mode. For each treatment plan, the plan data and measured beam fluence were transferred to a DC‐installed computer. Then, DC reconstructed the three‐dimensional (3D) dose distribution to the CT images of the patient. The reconstructed dose distribution was compared with that of the original plan in terms of absolute dose, two‐dimensional (2D) planes and 3D volume. The DQA results were compared with those performed by a conventional method using the cheese phantom with ion chamber and radiochromic film.ResultsFor 14 out of the 15 treatment plans, the absolute dose difference between the measurement and calculation was less than 3% and the gamma pass rate with the 3%/3 mm gamma evaluation criteria was greater than 95% for both DQA methods. The P‐value calculated using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was 0.256, which implies no statistically significance in determining the absolute dose difference between the two methods. For one treatment plan generated using the 5.0 cm field width, the absolute dose difference was greater than 3% and the gamma pass rate was less than 95% with DC, while the DQA result with the cheese phantom method passed our TomoTherapy® DQA tolerance.ConclusionWe have clinically implemented DC for the DQA of TomoTherapy®‐based helical IMRT treatment plans. DC carried out the accurate DQA results as performed with the conventional cheese phantom method. This new DQA system provided more information in verifying the dose delivery to patients, while simplifying the DQA process.
All‐Fabric Wearable Electroadhesive Clutch
Authors: Ramachandran Vivek , Shintake Jun , Floreano Dario 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA lightweight, textile fabricated, haptic device consisting of an electrostatic adhesive clutch is introduced, which can constrain body movement when activated at low power (≈1 mW). The clutch electrodes are composite structures, prepared by coating copper‐plated polyester fabric with thin films of high‐κ dielectric ink. When voltage is applied across a pair of overlapping electrodes, the charge separation created between the overlapped surfaces gives rise to adhesive forces that resist tensile loads along the electrode surface. The clutch is arranged in parallel with a sheet of knitted fabric, which exhibits low‐stiffness spring‐like characteristics, thus decreasing load resistance when the clutch is deactivated. Mechanical tests are carried out to assess the dependency on scaling and loading rate at different voltages. The load‐bearing capacity of the device is experimentally shown to sustain a 10 kg load for a clutch pair with 120 × 70 mm2 dielectric overlap, when activated at 400 V. Current‐dependent charging and discharging times that can be as low as 15 ms are presented. To exemplify its pertinence in wearable applications, the device is used as an elbow joint constraint, exhibiting its conformability to curvatures and suitability for skin‐mounted applications.
Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab in the Treatment of Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: Sixteen‐Week Results From a Phase III Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial in Patients With Prior Inadequate Response to or Intolerance of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Deodhar Atul , Poddubnyy Denis , Pacheco‐Tena Cesar , Salvarani Carlo , Lespessailles Eric , Rahman Proton , Järvinen Pentti , Sanchez‐Burson Juan , Gaffney Karl , Lee Eun Bong , Krishnan Eswar , Santisteban Silvia , Li Xiaoqi , Zhao Fangyi , Carlier Hilde , Reveille John D. ,   the COAST‐W Study Group
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in patients with active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and prior inadequate response to or intolerance of 1 or 2 tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi).MethodsIn this phase III randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, adult patients with an inadequate response to or intolerance of 1 or 2 TNFi and an established diagnosis of axial SpA (according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society [ASAS] criteria for radiographic axial SpA, with radiographic sacroiliitis defined according to the modified New York criteria and ≥1 feature of SpA) were recruited and randomized 1:1:1 to receive placebo or 80‐mg subcutaneous ixekizumab every 2 weeks (IXEQ2W) or 4 weeks (IXEQ4W), with an 80‐mg or 160‐mg starting dose. The primary end point was 40% improvement in disease activity according to the ASAS criteria (ASAS40) at week 16. Secondary outcomes and safety were also assessed.ResultsA total of 316 patients were randomized to receive placebo (n = 104), IXEQ2W (n = 98), or IXEQ4W (n = 114). At week 16, significantly higher proportions of IXEQ2W patients (n = 30 [30.6%]; P = 0.003) or IXEQ4W patients (n = 29 [25.4%]; P = 0.017) had achieved an ASAS40 response versus the placebo group (n = 13 [12.5%]), with statistically significant differences reported as early as week 1 with ixekizumab treatment. Statistically significant improvements in disease activity, function, quality of life, and spinal magnetic resonance imaging–evident inflammation were observed after 16 weeks of ixekizumab treatment versus placebo. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) with ixekizumab treatment were more frequent than with placebo. Serious AEs were similar across treatment arms. One death was reported (IXEQ2W group).ConclusionIxekizumab treatment for 16 weeks in patients with active radiographic axial SpA and previous inadequate response to or intolerance of 1 or 2 TNFi yields rapid and significant improvements in the signs and symptoms of radiographic axial SpA versus placebo.
Place of death for patients with cancer in the United States, 1999 through 2015: Racial, age, and geographic disparities
Authors: Chino Fumiko , Kamal Arif H. , Leblanc Thomas W. , Zafar S. Yousuf , Suneja Gita , Chino Junzo P. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDPlace of death is an essential component of high quality cancer care and comprehensive national trends and disparities in place of death are unknown.METHODSDeidentified death certificate data were obtained via the National Center for Health Statistics. All cancer deaths from 1999 through 2015 were included. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test for disparities in place of death associated with sociodemographic variables.RESULTSFrom 1999 through 2015, a total of 9,646,498 cancer deaths occurred. Hospital deaths decreased (from 36.6% to 24.6%), whereas the rate of home deaths (38.4% to 42.6%) and hospice facility deaths (0% to 14.0%) both increased (all P<.001). On multivariate logistic regression, all assessed variables were found to be associated with place of death. Specifically, younger age (age birth‐14 years: odds ratio [OR], 2.39; age 25‐44 years: OR, 1.62), black (OR, 1.83) or Asian (OR, 1.74) race, and Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.41) were associated with hospital death. Being married (OR, 2.17) or widowed (OR, 1.56) was associated with home death whereas increasing educational level (OR, 1.15‐1.19) was associated with hospice death (all P<.001). Despite overall improvements, certain disparities were found to increase. For young patients, the likelihood of a hospital death increased from 2.3 times to 3.4 times that of older patients (50.9% for those aged 15‐24 years vs 15.0% for those aged ≥85 years in 2015). For black patients, the likelihood of a hospital death increased from 1.29 times to 1.42 times that of white patients (32.8% for black patients vs 23.1% for white patients in 2015).CONCLUSIONSHospital cancer deaths decreased by approximately one‐third with commensurate increases in home and hospice facility deaths. Many sociodemographic groups experience significant disparities with regard to place of death and may benefit from targeted efforts to improve goal‐concordant care.
Real‐world testing and treatment patterns in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A SEER patterns of care analysis
Authors: Seymour Erlene K. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Schiffer Charles A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundLaboratory testing and treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have changed dramatically within the last decade. The authors evaluated changes in patterns of real‐world testing and treatment over time by comparing 2 population‐based cohorts.MethodsThe National Cancer Institute–sponsored Patterns of Care study was conducted among patients with CLL who were sampled from 14 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program registries. Demographics, testing, and treatment data were abstracted from medical records within 24 months of diagnosis.ResultsA total of 1008 patients diagnosed in 2008 and 1367 patients diagnosed in 2014 were included. There was a significant increase in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing, immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable region gene (IgVH) mutation analyses, and lymph node biopsies between 2008 and 2014. FISH testing was performed in the majority of, but not all, treated patients (53% in 2008, which increased to 62% in 2014). Some differences in the receipt of FISH testing by age and insurance status were observed over time (older patients and Medicare patients without private insurance were less likely to be tested in 2014). There were contrasting testing patterns noted by practice type and year, with nonteaching hospitals more likely to perform bone marrow biopsies in 2008, and teaching hospitals more likely to perform FISH and IgVH testing in 2014. There also were differences in treatments over time, with the use of bendamustine and rituximab being more common in 2014, at the expense of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab.ConclusionsThere have been rapidly changing practices in the testing and treatment patterns of patients with CLL within the last decade.