bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robert Boyle: a Jungian perspective
Authors: CLAY JOHN 
Published: July 2002

Privilege brings obligations – noblesse oblige. Boyle came from a deeply privileged
background. If we are to locate him through twentieth-century eyes in order to rediscover
his psychic space, then this background needs to be borne in mind. It was a constant
shaping force for him. Twentieth-century eyes mean a new perspective. As Eliot wrote of
Pascal, Boyle's contemporary, ‘every generation sees preceding ones differently. Pascal is
one of those writers who will be, and who must be, studied afresh by men in every
generation. It is not he who changes, but we who change. It is not our knowledge of
him that increases, but our world that alters and our attitudes towards it’ – and so it
is with Boyle.Boyle's childhood was beset by tragedy. From a psychological point of view, there can
be fewer worse tragedies than the premature loss of a mother. His mother died of
consumption when he was three. She was forty-two and he was her fourteenth and
penultimate child. It seems clear that this early loss haunted him for the rest of his life, its
unconscious effect always there. At some level he may have felt partly responsible for her
death – that his birth had helped to wear her out, to finish her off, to consume her. It would
seem that he missed out on mourning in the conventional sense, or rather in the sense that
Freud emphasized as being all-important in his paper ‘Mourning and Melancholia’. Boyle
did use, in his autobiographical writing as ‘Philaretus’, the word ‘disaster’ to describe
this early tragedy, and it is a powerful enough word in the context. But what happened
to his grief ? Was it worked through? Was it lived with? Or was it just sublimated into his
work, his wide range of preoccupations? Was it something that remained as a constant,
underlying refrain in his life, that he needed to defend himself against?
ON ℚ-DERIVED POLYNOMIALS
Authors: Flynn E. V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt is known that ℚ-derived univariate polynomials (polynomials defined over ℚ, with the property that they and all their derivatives have all their roots in ℚ) can be completely classified subject to two conjectures: that no quartic with four distinct roots is ℚ-derived, and that no quintic with a triple root and two other distinct roots is ℚ-derived. We prove the second of these conjectures.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 11G30
REFORM AND INERTIA: THE POLITICS OF
CHANGE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY
GERMANY
Authors: GREEN ABIGAIL 
Published: July 2002

Restaurationssystem und Reformpolitik: Süddeutschland und
Preußen im Vergleich. Edited by
Hans-Peter Ullmann and Clemens Zimmermann. Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1996.
Pp. 272. ISBN: 3-486-168-5. DM 98.Von Wien nach Königgrätz: die Sicherheitspolitik des Deutschen
Bundes im europäischen Gleichgewicht, 1815–1816. By Jürgen
Angelow. Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1996. Pp. 418.
ISBN 3-486-56143-X. DM 88.Stadt und Bürgertum in Frankfurt am Main. Ein besonderer
Weg von der ständischen zur modernen Bürgergesellschaft, 1760–1914.
By Ralf Roth. Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1996. Pp. 804.
ISBN 3-486-56188-X. DM 128.
Notes and Comments On C. Vann Woodward
Authors: POLE JACK 
Published: July 2002

C. Vann Woodward, who is ninety on 13 November 1998, is the author
of
perhaps the most famous work of history every to have rocked the Southern

United States. The Strange Career of Jim Crow, first presented
as the James W.
Richard lectures at the University of Virginia, appeared in 1955: only
one year
after the Supreme Court's celebrated decision in Brown v. Board
of Education, that
racially segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the
Fourteenth
Amendment because separate facilities were “inherently unequal.”
White
Southern publicists and politicians stormed and raged that racial separation
was
in the order of nature, the segregation laws were from time immemorial,
and that
Chief Justice Warren ought to be impeached; and now came a soft-spoken,

professionally respected historian, himself from Arkansas, to tell them,
and,
worse, to tell the world, that the South's universal segregation or
“Jim Crow”
laws in fact dated at most only from the 1890s – well within the
lifetime of many
who were still expressing their opinions.The controversy was intense and prolonged. And it came to involve less

politically motivated questions of historical interpretation because Woodward

was often taken to have been referring more generally to the substance
of race
relations as well as the segregation laws. He accepted that some of his

formulations required reconsideration, and the book, in constant demand,
went
through several revisions and four editions, the last appearing in 1974.
But the
core of the argument has survived to leave an enduring legacy in Southern

historiography.
The stability of rotating-disc boundary-layer

flow over a compliant wall. Part 2. Absolute instability
Authors: COOPER A. J. , CARPENTER PETER W. 
Published: July 2002

A numerical study has been undertaken of the influence of a

compliant boundary on

absolute instability. In a certain parameter range absolute instability

occurs in the boundary layer on a rotating disc, thereby instigating rapid

transition to turbulence.

The conventional use of wall compliance as a laminar-flow control technique
has

been to lower growth rates of convective instabilities. This has the

effect of reducing amplification of disturbances as they propagate downstream.
For

absolute instability,

however, only the suppression of its onset would be a significant gain.
This paper

addresses the question of whether passive wall compliance can be advantageous
when

absolute instability exists in a boundary layer.A theoretical model of a single-layer viscoelastic compliant wall was
used in

conjunction with the sixth-order system of differential equations which
govern the

stability of the boundary-layer flow over a rotating disc.

The absolute/convective

nature of the flow was ascertained by using a spatio-temporal analysis.
Pinch-point

singularities of the dispersion relation and a point of zero group velocity
identify

the presence of absolute instability. It was found that only a low level
of wall

compliance was enough to delay the appearance of absolute instability to
higher

Reynolds numbers. Beyond a critical level of wall compliance results suggest
that

complete suppression of absolute instability is possible. This would then
remove a

major route to transition in the rotating-disc boundary layer.
Miscible porous media displacements in the quarter five-spot configuration.

Part 1. The homogeneous case
Authors: CHEN CHING-YAO , MEIBURG ECKART 
Published: July 2002

A detailed two-part computational investigation is conducted into
the dynamical
evolution of two-dimensional miscible porous media flows in the quarter
five-spot
arrangement of injection and production wells. High-accuracy direct numerical
simulations
are performed that reproduce all dynamically relevant length scales in
solving
the vorticity–streamfunction formulation of Darcy's law. The
accuracy of the method
is demonstrated by a comparison of simulation data with linear stability
results for
radial source flow.Within this part, Part 1 of the present investigation, a series of simulations
is
discussed that demonstrate how the mobility ratio and the dimensionless
flow rate denoted
by the Péclet number Pe affect both local and integral
features of homogeneous
displacement processes. Mobility ratios up to 150 and Pe-values

up to 2000 are investigated.
For sufficiently large Pe-values, the flow near the injection
well gives rise to a
vigorous viscous fingering instability. As the unstable concentration front
approaches
the central region of the domain, nonlinear interactions between the fingers
similar to
those known from unidirectional flows are observed, such as merging, partial
merging,
and shielding, along with secondary tip-splitting and side-branching instabilities.
At
large Pe-values, several of these fingers compete for long times,
before one of them
accelerates ahead of the others and leads to the breakthrough of the front.In contrast to unidirectional flows, the quarter five-spot geometry
imposes both an
external length scale and a time scale on the flow. The resulting spatial
non-uniformity
of the potential base flow is observed to lead to a clear separation in
space and time
of large and small scales in the flow. Small scales occur predominantly
during the
early stages near the injection well, and at late times near the production
well. The
central domain is dominated by larger scales.Taken together, the results of the simulations demonstrate that both
the mobility
ratio and Pe strongly affect the dynamics of the flow. While some
integral measures,
such as the recovery at breakthrough, may show only a weak dependence on
Pe for
large Pe-values, the local fingering dynamics continue to change
with Pe.The increased susceptibility of the flow to perturbations during the
early stages
provides the motivation to formulate an optimization problem that attempts
to
maximize recovery, for a constant overall process time, by employing a
time-dependent
flow rate. Within the present framework, which accounts for molecular diffusion
but
not for velocity-dependent dispersion, simulation results indeed indicate
the potential
to increase recovery by reducing the flow rate at early times, and then
increasing it
during the later stages.
The childhood and family background of women
with clinical eating disorders: a comparison with
women with major depression and women without
psychiatric disorder
Authors: WEBSTER J. J. , PALMER R. L. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Childhood antecedents are often put forward as being of possible aetiological
significance for both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.Method. Comparisons were made of groups of women with eating disorders with groups of women
with major depression or without current psychiatric disorder, using the Childhood Experience of
Care and Abuse interview (CECA).Results. Women with bulimia nervosa (or mixed bulimia and anorexia nervosa) tended to report
more troubled childhood experiences than did women from the non-morbid comparison group. In
this respect, they resembled those with major depression. In contrast, those with anorexia nervosa
resembled the non-morbid women rather than the other psychiatric groups.Conclusions. Adversity in childhood as measured by the CECA may play a part in the causation of
bulimia nervosa but not of anorexia nervosa. It remains possible that more specific or subtle family
influences may be relevant.
ALLIANCES AND MISALLIANCES IN THE POLITICS OF THE UNION
Authors: Cullen L.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTHE Union has been little studied; its undoing on the other hand has been much debated. One reason for the contrast is of course that the Union was later seen by many as uncongenial; another was that the methods of securing it seemed on a universal telling clear cut: it was, or so it was said, achieved by corruption and was intensely unpopular. In Lecky's view, for instance, `The measure was an English one, carried without a dissolution and by gross corruption, in opposition to the majority of the free constituencies and to the great preponderance of the unbribed intellect of Ireland.'
THE CATHOLICS AND THE UNION
Authors: Geoghegan Patrick M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIN late-1800, after the passing of the Union, Lord Cornwallis wrote a carefully argued paper on Catholic emancipation in which he posed the chilling question:What then have we done? We have united ourselves to a people whom we ought in policy to have destroyed.That Cornwallis, one of the leading proponents of both the Union and Catholic emancipation, should have put the question in such stark terms is revealing. For him, Union without emancipation was worthless; the government would not secure the loyalty of the country, and there would never be a genuine uniting of the peoples on the two islands. The lord-lieutenant's analysis summed up the challenge facing the government towards the end of 1800: how to reconcile the claims of the Catholics with the fears of the Protestants before the beginning of the united kingdom on 1 January. This was a critical issue, because over the previous two years the government had tried to make the Union appear all things to all men, and all creeds. For some, the Union was supported because it seemed to be the best mechanism for securing Catholic emancipation; for others it was welcomed as a way of closing the door on the Catholics for ever. The political crisis of 1801 was a direct result of this confusion and culminated in both the collapse of the ministry and the end of Cornwallis's hopes of making the Union complete.
REM sIeep = dreaming: The never-ending story
Authors: Cavallero Corrado 
Published: July 2002

It has been widely demonstrated that dreaming occurs throughout human sleep. However, we once again are facing new variants of the equation “REM sleep = Dreaming.” Nielsen proposes a model that assumes covert REM processes in NREM sleep. I argue against this possibility, because dream research has shown that REM sleep is not a necessary condition for dreaming to occur.[Nielson]
Products of random mappings
Authors: LUENBERGER DAVID G. 
Published: July 2002

Suppose that $X^1,X^2,\dotsc$ is a stationary stochastic process of positive $k\times k$ matrices, and let ${}^nY^1=X^nX^{n-1}\dots X^1$ be the corresponding product matrices. For a special case, Bellman showed that the elements $[{}^nY^1]_{ij}$ converge in the sense that $n^{-1}\mathrm{E}\{\log[{}^nY^1]_{ij}\}\rightarrow a$ as $n\rightarrow\infty$. The constant $a$ is independent of $i$ and $j$. Bellman also conjectured that, asymptotically, the $n^{-1/2}\{\log[{}^nY^1]_{ij}-na\}$ terms are distributed according to a normal distribution with a common variance, independent of $ij$. Later Furstenberg and Kesten generalized and strengthened Bellman's result and established the validity of his conjecture.This paper extends these results to the case of nonlinear mappings that are monotonic and homogeneous of degree one on $R^k_+$. Specifically, given a stationary process $H^1,H^2,\dots$ of such mappings, we define the composite mappings ${}^nF^1(\cdot)=H^n(H^{n-1}(\dots (H^1(\cdot))\dots)$. Under appropriate conditions, the components $[{}^nF^1(x^0)]_i$ have the property that, almost surely, $n^{-1}\log[{}^nF^1(x^0)]_i\rightarrow a$ independent of $x^0$ and $i$. Furthermore the components $n^{-1/2}\{\log[{}^nF^1(x^0)]_i-na\}$ are asymptotically distributed according to a normal distribution with a common variance.
The Montreal International Jazz Festival
Authors: Deschênes Bruno 
Published: July 2002

The Festival International de Jazz de Montréal (Montreal International Jazz Festival), which celebrated its twentieth anniversary in 1999, has become one of the most popular music festivals in the world, attracting in just twelve days more than a million and a half people. Most visitors are Canadians and Americans, but Europeans are attending in greater numbers each year.The first Festival, held in the summer of 1979, lasted less than a week. Since then, it has progressively expanded and has moved from one site to another several times to accommodate the growing number of visitors. At its current site in downtown Montreal, in the neighbourhood of the Place des Arts, it now lasts a full twelve days. In 1998, thirty-six concert series and two film series were offered for a total of 411 events. Of these, 103 were paying concerts, and 298 were free concerts held for the most part out of doors. Jazz presented in more than twelve bars all over the city also forms part of the event.From noon to 6 pm, a free outdoor concert is held every hour. From 6 pm to midnight, two more free concerts are performed simultaneously. During the day, street bands give strollers a taste of a wide range of musical styles. For more than twelve hours the public can hear music nonstop by moving from one venue to the other. The downtown site is big enough to avoid the overlapping of music from simultaneous performances. At the end of the afternoon and in the evening, Festival-goers can enjoy the indoor paying concerts.
Contact Point identification in robot assembly strategies under uncertainty
Authors: Tsaprounis C. J. , Aspragathos N. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper a method for the reduction of the uncertainties in robotised assembly process is presented. The generated assembly strategies are based on the determination of the contact points. The assembly task is divided in two main subtasks, the initial and the main. To reduce the uncertainty of the process a deliberate misalignment of the peg is
used.This paper is focused on the determination of the position and the forces at the contact points between the peg and hole under uncertainty. The available data are the force
signal retrieved from the force sensor, the geometry of the assembly parts and the geometry of the robot. The analysis presented in this paper is a part of a knowledge-based
system, which generates assembly strategies under the presence of uncertainties.
Britannic social histories – continuity
and change
Authors: BIAGINI EUGENIO F. 
Published: July 2002

F. M. L. Thompson (ed.), The Cambridge social
history of Britain, 1750–1950, Vol. I: Regions and communities; Vol. II: People and their environment; Vol. III: Social agencies and institutions. (Paperback edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.) Pages xv+588; xv+373; xiii+492.M. J. Daunton, Progress and poverty: an economic and social history of Britain 1700–1850. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.) Pages xvi+620.Cormac Ó Gráda, Ireland: a new economic history, 1780–1939. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.) Pages xv+536.What is social history and how should it be written? What are its ‘limits and divisions’ in the context of the ‘Britannic’ isles? F. M. L. Thompson, M. J. Daunton and Cormac Ó Gráda have provided important contributions, which will long survive the debate
and reactions generated by their publications. These books are, in some respects, very different works, though they share a similar epistemological outlook based on ontological realism and empiricism. Together they offer a powerful and convincing alternative to the various versions of the ‘linguistic turn’ which has featured so prominently in the debate on social history in
recent years.The Cambridge social history (hereafter CSH) is a work of consolidation, a collective effort whose aim is ‘to communicate the fruits of…research…to the wider audience of students who are curious to know what the specialists have been doing and how their work fits into a general picture of the whole process of social change
and development’. By contrast, Daunton and Ó Gráda have single-handedly produced inspiring analyses of crucial aspects of modern British and Irish history respectively. Daunton offers a nuanced discussion of the first industrial revolution. And, from a ‘new economic’ point of view, Ó Gráda reassesses the turning points in the making of contemporary Ireland, between the age of the American Revolution and the outbreak of
World War II.
Rethinking innateness
Authors: RISPOLI MATTHEW 
Published: July 2002

Review essay on: ELMAN, J., BATES, E.,
JOHNSON, M., KARMILOFF-SMITH,
A., PARISI, D. & PLUNKETT, K. Rethinking innateness: a connectionist
perspective on development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (1996). Pp. 447.I believe that the field of developmental psycholinguistics suffers
from two
major weaknesses. The first is its impressionistic and inexact formulations.

The second is its divisive polarizations. One can see the reasons for the
first
weakness. Developmental psycholinguistics is only about 30 years old
(ignoring diary studies which preceded the linguistic and cognitive surge
of
the sixties). But speculation and hypothesizing on the basis of relatively
little
data and passing acquaintance with phenomena has reached the level of
customary ‘business as usual’. We are skilful at hypothesis
construction, yet
we are regretfully delinquent at formulating clear tests of our hypotheses.
We
are fond of conjecture about causal relationships, but our empirical tests

progress no further than weak forms of correlation.With regard to our second major weakness, our knack for polarizing
opinion regarding chimerical questions such as the innateness of language

can also be understood. After all, are we not following the classical dialectic

model of thesis, antithesis and eventual synthesis? I think this is an
idealized
view of ourselves. In fact, we are driven by hunch and bias far more often

than we would like to admit. Following hunches may be a real sign of
creativity and vitality in our thinking. However, polarization driven by
biases
is ultimately detrimental. At some point we must disentangle ourselves
from
customary dialogue and transcend our deeply rutted patterns of thought.When I began Rethinking innateness, I had hoped that the book
might help
us overcome these two weaknesses. I believe that it contributes positively
to
the goal of increasing the precision of our hypotheses and their empirical

substantiation. At the same time, I am afraid that it will have a negative

impact by aggravating the degree of polarization in our field.
A Fix by Total Solar Eclipse
Authors: Sadler D. H. 
Published: July 2002

In anticipation of the TOTAL Solar Eclipse on 11 August 1999 (see the January/February
issue of Navigation News), it seemed very appropriate to repeat this short article by one of
the Institute's most respected Fellows. It was first published in Vol. VII, October 1954.A TOTAL eclipse of the Sun provides an opportunity, rare though it may be, of obtaining an
instantaneous fix from the Sun alone. Eclipses vary greatly in character, in position on the
Earth, in the width of the path of totality, in the duration, and also in the direction of the path.
However, the shadow of the Moon cast by the Sun is always a right circular cone which, in the
case of a total eclipse, intersects the Earth's surface at some point before its vertex. Owing to
the motion of the Moon in its orbit round the Earth, the shadow moves at a speed of about
2000 m.p.h. from west to east (it varies considerably according to the distance of the Moon
from the Earth). The intersection of this cone with the Earth's surface is an ellipse, which moves
over the surface at speeds which are very high when the cone is nearly tangential (i.e. when the
Sun's altitude is low) and at speeds as low as about 1000 m.p.h., when the eclipse is central over
the equator at noon and the Earth's rotation has its maximum effect. The speed of the shadow
is generally low enough to give a position line of considerable accuracy from the observed time
of either second or third contacts, that is the beginning or ending of the total phase. An error
of 1 second corresponds, in the most favourable case, to about one-third of a mile. The position
line is, of course, the portion of the elliptic shadow corresponding to the observed phase and
time; these can be precomputed.