bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of climate‐related variability in storage on streamwater solute concentrations and fluxes in a small forested watershed in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Aulenbach Brent T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStreamwater quality can be affected by climate‐related variability in hydrologic state, which controls flow paths and affects biogeochemical processes. Thirty‐one years of input/output solute fluxes at Panola Mountain Research Watershed, a small, forested, seasonally water‐limited watershed near Atlanta, Georgia, were used to quantify the effects of climatic‐related variability in storage on streamwater solute concentrations and fluxes. Streamwater fluxes were estimated for ten solutes from weekly and event sample concentrations using regression‐based methods. The most pertinent storage attribute (current or antecedent watershed, shallow, and deep storage) for each solute was determined by fitting separate concentration relationships. The concentration‐discharge relationships varied more for reactive solutes such as potassium, sulfate, and DOC and less for weathering products (base cations and dissolved silica) and conservative chloride. Many solutes exhibited higher concentrations when storage levels were lower or wetting up, which was likely the result of the concentrating effects of evapotranspiration and/or the buildup and flushing of weathering products associated with longer residence times. The impacts of storage modeling on annual fluxes varied by solute, ranging from about 5% (magnesium) to 52% (nitrate) as relative standard deviations, and sufficiently removed climate‐related patterns observed in streamwater concentrations. Sulfate was particularly mobilized following growing season droughts but only if deep storage was sufficiently recharged, possibly indicating that sulfides in the deep storage pool were oxidized to sulfate during droughts and mobilized when re‐wetted. The lack of streamwater sulfate response to 61% declines in atmospheric deposition indicates the importance of watershed biogeochemical processes on controls of streamwater export of sulfate. The approach of explicitly incorporating storage in the streamwater concentration modeling elucidated the effects of climate on streamwater water‐quality and may provide insight into the effects of climatic change on future fluxes.
Association of MAD1L1 polymorphism (rs871925) with prenatal famine exposure and schizophrenia in a Chinese population: A case–control study
Authors: Sun Yaoyao , Kang Guojun , Zhu Xiaojing , Li Rixin , Kang Qi , Zhang Mingyuan , Wang Yueying , Chen Xin , Yu Yaqin , Yu Qiong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex, frequently disabling psychiatric disorder. Prenatal exposure to famine, an environmental factor, plays a significant role in the cause of SCZ. We used DNA methylation related sites to analyze their association with prenatal famine exposure and SCZ risk in a Northeast Han Chinese population. A total of 967 subjects (446 patients with SCZ/521 health controls) were recruited. Five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2300149 in ITIH1, rs2675956 in NGEF, rs3758543 in NT5C2, rs7003288 in NA, and rs871925 in MAD1L1) were selected and genotyped. Genotype distribution and allele frequency analysis indicated that rs871925 was significantly associated with SCZ. We also found a significant association between prenatal exposure to famine and rs871925 in the recessive model in the health control group. The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis suggested a five‐locus interaction model association with the risk of developing SCZ. Our data suggested that MAD1L1 rs871925 was associated with prenatal famine exposure and SCZ susceptibility in a Northeast Han Chinese population.
Doxycycline containing hydroxyapatite ceramic microspheres as a bone‐targeting drug delivery system
Authors: Soriano‐Souza Carlos , Valiense Helder , Mavropoulos Elena , Martinez‐Zelaya Victor , Costa Andrea Machado , Alves Adriana T. , Longuinho Mariana , Resende Rodrigo , Mourão Carlos , Granjeiro Jose , Rocha‐Leao Maria H. , Rossi Alexandre , Calasans‐Maia Mônica 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDrug delivery technology is a promising way to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of hydroxyapatite ceramic microspheres loaded with doxycycline (HADOX), their effects on in vitro osteoblast viability, and their antimicrobial activity, and to determine the effects of DOX on the healing of rat sockets after tooth extraction. The internal microsphere porosity was sensitive to the treatment used to adsorb DOX onto microsphere surface; HA microspheres without DOX presented 26% of pores, whereas HADOX0.15 microspheres presented 52.0%. An initial drug release of 49.15 μg/ml was observed in the first 24 hr. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tested against Enterococcus faecalis demonstrated that bacterial growth was inhibited for up to 7 days. Results of cell viability and cell proliferation did not indicate statistical differences in the metabolic activity of HADOX samples relative to HA without DOX microspheres (p > .05). After 1 week, a discreet inflammation reaction was observed in the control group, and after 6 weeks, newly‐formed bone was observed in the HADOX0.15 (p < .05). The HADOX did not interfere in the bone repair and controlled the early inflammatory response. HADOX could be a promising biomaterial to promote bone repair in infected sites.
miR‐4735‐3p regulates phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting HIF‐1‐mediated autophagy in intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Gao Ge , Zhang Yang , Chao Yingjiu , Niu Chaoshi , Fu Xianming , Wei Jianjun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntracranial aneurysm (IA) is recognized as a lethal form of cerebrovascular disease mainly featured with a modulated phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). It is generally believed that enhanced SMC proliferation and migration capabilities are the main characteristics in this process. In this study, we revealed that microRNA‐4735 (miR‐4735) participates in phenotypic modulation in a hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1)‐dependent manner of SMCs. miR‐4735 targets the 3′‐untranslated region of HIF‐1. The downregulated expression of miR‐4735 in IA tissues leads to elevated expression of HIF‐1, which activates autophagy and promotes autophagy‐mediated SMC proliferation and migration. Overexpression of miR‐4735 suppressed HIF‐1 expression and HIF‐1‐mediated autophagy, which led to impaired SMC proliferation and migration abilities. Forced expression of HIF‐1 in miR‐4735‐overexpressed SMCs rescued the impaired SMC proliferation and migration abilities. In conclusion, miR‐4735 plays an important role in phenotypic modulation in IA by regulating autophagy‐promoted SMC proliferation and migration.
Identification of aberrantly expressed lncRNA and the associated TF‐mRNA network in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Bin , Tang Dongyang , Zhang Ziyang , Wang Zhiwei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays crucial roles in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, a comprehensive lncRNA‐transcription factor (TF)‐message RNA (mRNA) in HCC remains absent. The aim of this study was to identify aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and the associated TF‐mRNA network in HCC. GSE124535 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Limma package in R was conducted to analyze abnormally expressed lncRNAs (differentially expressed lncRNAs [DELs]) and mRNAs (differentially expressed genes). The prognostic roles of screened DELs in HCC were evaluated at GEPIA. The expression of DELs that correlated with overall survival of HCC patients was further validated using circlncRNAnet, GEPIA, and StarBase. LncRNA‐TF‐mRNA potential triplets in HCC were predicted by LncMAP. After that, lncRNA‐TF‐mRNA networks were established using Cytoscape. A total of 20 upregulated and 17 downregulated DELs were identified in HCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Six out of 20 upregulated and 6 out of 17 downregulated DELs were identified have significant impact on the overall survival of HCC patients. Results in circlncRNAnet, GEPIA, and Starbase confirmed the expression level of DELs obtained from GSE124535. Finally, the LncRNA‐TF‐mRNA regulatory networks for upregulated and downregulated lncRNA were established based on these analyses results. Among these lncRNAs in the network, the aberrantly expression of lncRNAs including LINC00511, RP11‐290F5.1, MIR4435‐2HG, and CTC‐537E7.3 in HCC was first time reported to date. In the study, potential LncRNA‐TF‐mRNA regulatory networks were identified, which will advance our understanding concerning the progression of HCC.
Glycochenodeoxycholate induces cell survival and chemoresistance via phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 site in HCC
Authors: Wang Jue , Zhou Maojun , Jin Xin , Li Bingxin , Wang Chengzhi , Zhang Qi , Liao Mingmei , Hu Xuan , Yang Manyi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlycochenodeoxycholate (GCDA) is closely associated with carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor, is involved in various human tumors. Whether GCDA induces chemoresistance through STAT3 and the mechanism of action remains elusive. In this study, we firstly found that the expression level of STAT3 has a positive correlation with chemoresistance of HCC cells. Moreover, GCDA can upregulate the expression of STAT3 protein. Hence, we suspect that GCDA may induce chemoresistance of HCC cells via STAT3. Mechanistically, GCDA stimulates phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 site and mediates pSer727‐STAT3 protein to translocate and aggregate in the nucleus, which is important for cell survival. When Ser727 of STAT3 mutated to Asp, the capacity of STAT3 to accumulate in the nucleus was attenuated, STAT3‐induced cell survival was impaired and GCDA‐induced chemoresistance was abolished. In addition, while activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was inhibited by PD98059, phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 induced by GCDA was suppressed. Taken together, these data demonstrate that GCDA‐enhanced survival of liver cancer cells may occur through the activation of STAT3 by phosphorylation at Ser727 site via mitogen‐activated protein kinase/ERK1/2 pathway, which may contribute to the progression of human liver cancer and chemoresistance.
Continuous natamycin production by using immobilized Streptomyces gilvosporeus Z8 via repeated batch culture
Authors: Zeng Xin , Zeng Huawei , Meng Yi , Xu Dayong , Zhang Biao , Xin Bingyue , Liu Shuai , Zhai Bo , Yu Feiyang , Zhu Mingzhi , Li Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNatamycin is an antibiotic which shows strong inhibition and wide spectrum against most fungi. It is produced mainly through batch and fed‐batch fermentations, which are characterized by long culture time, low productivity and enormous discharge of waste biomass. In the present study, a new strategy using immobilized cells was proposed for continuous natamycin production via repeated batch culture to address these shortcomings.RESULTSA combination of cell immobilization and repeated batch culture was employed to continuously produce natamycin in both flasks and a 5‐L fermenter. The immobilized cells served as seeds and producing strains, and exhibited high vitality of cell growth and natamycin biosynthesis during six cycles of repeated batch culture. The application of the new strategy led to remarkable decrease of lag phase and removal of time intervals among traditional multiple batch cultures, resulting in a 32.10% reduction of total culture time. In addition, the new strategy showed 1.8‐fold higher natamycin titre and 195.24% productivity improvement relative to traditional strategies, and decreased waste biomass discharge, thus consituting a high‐efficiency, environmentally friendly strategy for natamycin production.CONCLUSIONThis study proposes a new approach to continuous natamycin production, which not only promoted natamycin productivity, but also reduced the fermentation time and the biomass residue discharge. Moreover, it provides reference points for the continuous production of other biochemicals by filamentous bacteria or funguses, which could be of great significance in industrial antibiotics production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Perinatal outcomes following maternal pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use during pregnancy: results from a large PrEP implementation program in Kenya
Authors: Dettinger Julia C , Kinuthia John , Pintye Jillian , Abuna Felix , Begnel Emily , Mugwanya Kenneth , Sila Joseph , Lagat Harison , Baeten Jared M , John‐Stewart Grace 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization, while recommending pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV‐negative pregnant and postpartum women in HIV high‐burden settings, advocates for continued safety evaluation of PrEP in this population.MethodsThe PrEP Implementation in Young Women and Adolescents (PrIYA) program delivered PrEP to pregnant and postpartum women integrated within routine maternal and child health clinics (MCH) at 16 sites in Western Kenya. PrEP exposure and perinatal outcome data were collected among women obtaining postnatal services during programme evaluation. PrEP use was self‐reported and confirmed with clinical records. Perinatal outcomes including gestational age at birth, birthweight, congenital malformations and infant growth outcomes were abstracted from clinical records for mother‐infant pairs attending the six week visit. Associations between infant outcomes and maternal prenatal PrEP use were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regression.ResultsThe PrIYA evaluation identified 1530 postpartum mother‐infant pairs with data on prenatal PrEP exposure: 206 with prenatal PrEP use, 1324 without. Median maternal age was 24 years in both groups. PrEP users (any reported PrEP use) were significantly more likely to report HIV risk factors such as: intimate partner violence, sexually transmitted infections and having a partner with positive or unknown HIV status. Most mothers initiated PrEP during the second trimester (n = 116, 57%) and used PrEP for more than one month (n = 110, 58%). The mean birthweight was 3.3 kg and gestational age at birth was 38.5 weeks in both groups. There were no major differences between PrEP exposed and unexposed infants in rates of preterm birth and low birthweight. There were no congenital malformations identified in the PrEP‐exposed group and five reported in the PrEP unexposed group. At six weeks postpartum, infants in both groups had similar growth. No differences in infant outcomes were found by duration PrEP exposure, trimester of PrEP initiation, a subset analysis of women 15 to 24 years old or in multivariate analyses. This analysis demonstrates that monitoring of infant outcomes is feasible within large‐scale programmatic implementation of PrEP among pregnant and postpartum populations.ConclusionsPregnancy outcomes and early infant growth did not differ by PrEP exposure.
Analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol derivative from cannabis‐infused chocolate by QuEChERS‐thin layer chromatography‐desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Yousefi‐Taemeh Maryam , Ifa Demian R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently in Canada and some states of the United States, marijuana (cannabis) has become fully legalized and regulated, for both medical and recreational purposes. This fact is going to make cannabis products such as edibles even more popular than ever before. Therefore, it is assumed that there will be a high demand for analytical methods, which are accurate and sensitive enough to be used in different forensic and pharmaceutical cannabis–related applications. Cannabis derivatives have an extreme range and number of constituents with possible interactions with one another. Thus, this characteristic leads to their vast and highly complex chemistry, which requires robust analytical tools to be able to precisely and accurately quantify and qualify them. We developed and validated an analytical method using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)–mass spectrometry (MS) to accurately detect, characterize, and quantify cannabinoids and also offer an easy, cost‐effective, and reliable technique, which can be performed in a short time for infused edibles in complex matrices such as chocolate. We evaluated a quantitative analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis‐infused chocolate with thin‐layer chromatography (TLC)–DESI‐MS and QuEChERS extraction method. Both techniques of TLC and QuEChERS are cost‐effective and can be run in short time.
High prevalence of equine‐like G3P[8] rotavirus in children and adults with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand
Authors: Tacharoenmuang Ratana , Komoto Satoshi , Guntapong Ratigorn , Upachai Sompong , Singchai Phakapun , Ide Tomihiko , Fukuda Saori , Ruchusatsawast Kriangsak , Sriwantana Busarawan , Tatsumi Masashi , Motomura Kazushi , Takeda Naokazu , Murata Takayuki , Sangkitporn Somchai , Taniguchi Koki , Yoshikawa Tetsushi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGroup A rotavirus (RVA) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. This study aims to clarify the distribution of G/P types and genetic characteristics of RVAs circulating in Thailand. Between January 2014 and September 2016, 1867 stool specimens were collected from children and adults with acute gastroenteritis in six provinces in Thailand. RVAs were detected in 514/1867 (27.5%) stool specimens. G1P[8] (44.7%) was the most predominant genotype, followed by G3P[8] (33.7%), G2P[4] (11.5%), G8P[8] (7.0%), and G9P[8] (1.3%). Unusual G3P[9] (0.8%), G3P[10] (0.4%), G4P[6] (0.4%), and G10P[14] (0.2%) were also detected at low frequencies. The predominant genotype, G1P[8] (64.4%), in 2014 decreased to 6.1% in 2016. In contrast, the frequency of G3P[8] markedly increased from 5.5% in 2014 to 65.3% in 2015 and 89.8% in 2016. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, most (135/140; 96.4%) of the G3P[8] strains exhibited a short RNA profile. Successful determination of the nucleotide sequences of the VP7 genes of 98 G3P[8] strains with a short RNA profile showed that they are all equine‐like G3P[8] strains. On phylogenetic analysis of genome segments of two representative Thai equine‐like G3P[8] strains, it was noteworthy that they possessed distinct NSP4 genes, one bovine‐like and the other human‐like. Thus, we found that characteristic equine‐like G3P[8] strains with a short RNA electropherotype are becoming highly prevalent in children and adults in Thailand.
Office‐based CO2 laser surgery for benign and premalignant laryngeal lesions
Authors: Wellenstein David J. , Honings Jimmie , Schimberg Anouk S. , Schutte Henrieke W. , Herruer Jasmijn M. , van den Hoogen Frank J.A. , Takes Robert P. , van den Broek Guido B. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivePatients with laryngeal pathology are often treated with CO2 laser surgery, usually in the operating room under general anesthesia. Although office‐based laser surgery using several other laser types has been investigated, prospective studies on office‐based CO2 laser surgery are scarce. Our goal was to investigate the feasibility of office‐based CO2 laser surgery for benign and premalignant laryngeal pathology by analyzing completion rate, safety, effect on voice quality, and success rate (i.e., no residual or recurrent disease).MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed of 30 consecutive procedures. Inclusion started in June 2016 and was completed in August 2018. Adult patients with clinically benign or premalignant laryngeal lesions who could not undergo transoral laser microsurgery in the operating room under general anesthesia were included. Reasons were either contraindications for general anesthesia, previously failed therapeutic laryngoscopy under general anesthesia, and preference of a procedure under topical anesthesia by the patient. The mean follow‐up was 9 months.ResultsThirty procedures were performed in 27 patients (24 males) with an average age of 62 years. Twenty‐nine (97%) procedures were fully completed without complications. The mean preoperative Voice Handicap Index (VHI) score (VHI 44) significantly decreased 2 months (VHI 28, P = 0.032) and 6 months (VHI 14, P < 0.001) after the procedure. Almost two‐thirds of patients showed no residual or recurrent disease at their follow‐up visits.ConclusionOffice‐based CO2 laser surgery is a feasible and safe procedure that results in significant voice‐quality improvement. Almost two‐thirds of patients did not require further treatment.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 130:1503–1507, 2020
Trace metals in Antarctic clam shells record the chemical dynamics of changing sea ice conditions
Authors: Wing Stephen R. , O'Connell‐Milne Sorrel A. , Wing Lucy C. , Reid Malcolm R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of freeze and thaw events in Antarctic sea ice impart chemical changes in the underlying sea water. Trace metals in sea ice and accumulated through deposition of dust are released into sea water as sea ice breaks up in spring. Clams such as Laternula elliptica incorporate a record of these and associated chemical dynamics in their carbonate shells. In 2012, we collected samples of L. elliptica from three sites along a sea ice persistence gradient in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea Antarctica. Concentrations of trace metals in the chondrophore of each shell were measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Ablations transected annual growth increments creating time series ranging in length from 13 to 25 yr. An 8‐yr time period of persistent sea ice, associated with presence of the B‐15 and C‐19 icebergs at the entrance of McMurdo Sound, was clearly resolved in the trace element time series. Conservative trace metals (Sr, Ba) were found at higher concentrations, and highly scavenged elements (Pb, Cu) were found at lower concentrations at sites with more persistent sea ice and during the 8‐yr period of iceberg‐influenced sea ice persistence. Bioactive trace metals (Fe, Ni) were found in higher concentrations during ice free conditions, associated with a period of high pelagic productivity. Our results provide an important case study for understanding the chemical signature of changing sea ice dynamics as reflected in bivalve shell material under a changing Antarctic climate.
Microstructures and corrosion resistance of as‐cast aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon and aluminum‐20 wt.% silicon alloys
Authors: Zhao Z.L. , Yin S.Q. , Liu Y.D. , Zhang Z.Q. , Ren R.F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe microstructures and corrosion resistance of two as‐cast alloys, aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon hypoeutectic alloy and aluminum‐20 wt.% silicon (weight percent) hypereutectic alloy are investigated by conventional casting, the scanning electron microscope equipped with oxford X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy system and transmission electron microscope are applied for analysis. The results show that the microstructures change from the strip‐like into lump shape with the increase of silicon content from 10 % to 20 %. The electrochemical polarization curves prove that the aluminum‐20 wt.% hypereutectic silicon alloy had the better resistance with the corrosion potential of −1.414 V and corrosion current density of 5.41 ⋅ 10−5 ampere compared with the aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon hypoeutectic alloy.