bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a sub‐100 nm‐thick polyetherimide coating layer with nano‐TiO2particles on poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber surface
Authors: Zhu Peng , Liu Bing , Bao Limin 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTo improve the UV resistance of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers, a sub‐100 nm‐thick coating layer was prepared on PBO fibers by evaporating the suspension of polyetherimide (PEI)‐encapsulated nano‐titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles absorbed around the fiber surface. The effects of this evaporation‐induced surface modification on the structure and properties of PBO fibers were investigated. The content ratio of nano‐TiO2particles to PEI, the contents of nano‐TiO2particles and PEI, and the evaporation method greatly influenced the surface modification of the PBO fibers, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observation. TiO2, 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and PEI were confirmed to exist on the suitably treated PBO fiber surfaces by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The PEI coating layer containing nano‐TiO2particles was clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy of a treated PBO fiber cross section. The nano‐TiO2particle content of the treated fibers was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The UV resistance of the PBO fibers was improved after surface modification, which was confirmed by single‐fiber tensile strength test. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46852.
New composite membrane poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide for direct ethanol–proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Zakaria Z. , Kamarudin S. K. , Timmiati S. N. , Masdar M. S. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis study investigated a simple synthesis of a crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/ graphene oxide composite membrane with lower ethanol permeability membrane for passive direct ethanol–proton exchange membrane fuel cells (DE‐PEMFCs). The chemical and physical structure, morphologies, ethanol uptake and permeability, ion exchange capacities, water uptake, and proton conductivities were determined and found that transport properties of the membrane were affected by the GO loading. The composite membrane with optimum GO content (15 wt %) exhibited the highest proton conductivity of 9.5 × 10−3 Scm−1 at 30°C, 3.24 × 10−2 Scm−1 at 60°C, respectively and reduced ethanol permeability until 1.75 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. In the passive DE‐PEMFC, the power density at 60°C were obtained as 5.84 mW cm−2 higher than those by commercial Nafion 117 is 4.52 mW cm−2. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46928.
Molecular markers for Nassella trichotoma (Poaceae) to study genetic variation in New Zealand
Authors: Lange Claudia , Goeke Dagmar F. , Bourdôt Graeme W. , Lamoureaux Shona L. , Podolyan Ana , Houliston Gary J. 
Published: September 2018

Premise of The StudySimple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for the study of genetic diversity of New Zealand Nassella trichotoma (Poaceae) and to support future studies in its native range.Methods and ResultsGenomic DNA was extracted from N. trichotoma leaf material and subjected to Roche 454 sequencing. From a total of 745 putative SSRs, 48 with di‐ to pentanucleotide repeats were screened, 32 primer pairs were designed, and 15 polymorphic markers were optimized for multiplex PCR on 105 N. trichotoma samples from four New Zealand regions. Each locus resulted in two to six alleles per locus, and four of the loci cross‐amplified in N. tenuissima. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.90 and 0.00 to 0.50 per locus, respectively.ConclusionsThe novel SSR markers are valuable for the study of genetic diversity of N. trichotoma and might also be useful for closely related species.
Tissue biomechanics during cranial neural tube closure measured by Brillouin microscopy and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Zhang Jitao , Raghunathan Raksha , Rippy Justin , Wu Chen , Finnell Richard H. , Larin Kirill V. , Scarcelli Giuliano 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEmbryonic development involves the interplay of driving forces that shape the tissue and the mechanical resistance that the tissue offers in response. While increasing evidence has suggested the crucial role of physical mechanisms underlying embryo development, tissue biomechanics is not well understood because of the lack of techniques that can quantify the stiffness of tissue in situ with 3D high‐resolution and in a noncontact manner.MethodsWe used two all‐optical techniques, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Brillouin microscopy, to map the longitudinal modulus of the tissue from mouse embryos in situ.ResultsWe acquired 2D mechanical maps of the neural tube region of embryos at embryonic day (E) 8.5 (n = 2) and E9.5 (n = 2) with submicron spatial resolution. We found the modulus of tissue varied distinctly within the neural tube region of the same embryo and between embryos at different development stages, suggesting our technique has enough sensitivity and spatial resolution to monitor the tissue mechanics during embryonic development in a noncontact and noninvasive manner.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the capability of OCT‐guided Brillouin microscopy to quantify tissue longitudinal modulus of mouse embryos in situ, and observed distinct change in the modulus during the closure of cranial neural tube. Although this preliminary work cannot provide definitive conclusions on biomechanics of neural tube closure yet as a result of the limited number of samples, it provides an approach of quantifying the tissue mechanics during embryo development in situ, thus could be helpful in investigating the role of tissue biomechanics in the regulation of embryonic development. Our next study involving more embryo samples will investigate systematic changes in tissue mechanics during embryonic development.
Mental health among children of mothers with multiple sclerosis: A Danish cohort and register‐based study
Authors: Andersen Johanna Balslev , Moberg Julie Yoon , Niclasen Janni , Laursen Bjarne , Magyari Melinda 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis is associated with an increased risk of developing physical, cognitive, and mental health problems. Current studies have demonstrated variating outcomes of parental multiple sclerosis mental health problems and their children's mental health development.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether maternal multiple sclerosis is associated with the mental health status of their child.MethodsData from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) were merged with information from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. Two proxies, total difficulties score and prediction of any psychiatric diagnosis based on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, were used to measure the mental health status of the children. The two groups were compared using Mann–Whitney and logistic regression analyses.ResultsFor the total difficulties score the control and exposed group consisted of respectively n = 42,016 and n = 40, and for the prediction of any psychiatric diagnosis respectively n = 16,829 and n = 17. We found no statistically significant association between maternal multiple sclerosis and mental health status on neither of the proxies.ConclusionMaternal multiple sclerosis did not show any association with the mental health status of their children at age eleven. On the contrary, other studies conclude that there is an association between maternal multiple sclerosis and the child's mental health status, one especially mediated by the maternal mental health status.
Impaired white matter integrity between premotor cortex and basal ganglia in writer’s cramp
Authors: Berndt Maria , Li Yong , Gora‐Stahlberg Gina , Jochim Angela , Haslinger Bernhard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionWriter’s cramp (WC) as a focal hand dystonia is characterized by abnormal postures of the hand during writing. Impaired inhibition and maladaptive plasticity in circuits linking the basal ganglia and sensorimotor cortices have been described. In particular, a dysfunction of lateral premotor cortices has been associated with impaired motor control in WC. We applied diffusion tensor imaging to identify changes in white matter connectivity between premotor regions and important cortical and subcortical structures.MethodsWhole brain white matter tracts were reconstructed in 18 right‐handed WC patients and 18 matched controls, using probabilistic fiber tracking. We restricted our analyses to left‐hemispheric fibers between the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and basal ganglia, thalamus, primary motor, and sensory cortex. Diffusion parameters (fractional anisotropy and linear anisotropy) were compared between both groups.ResultsA significant reduction in fractional anisotropy values was shown for patients (mean ± SD: 0.37 ± 0.02) vs. controls (0.39 ± 0.03) regarding fibers between the left‐sided MFG and the putamen (p < 0.05). The same applied for linear anisotropy values in this connection (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results suggest an impaired structural connectivity between the left‐hemispheric MFG and putamen with a loss of equally aligned fibers in WC patients. This could reflect a structural basis for functional findings interpreted as altered inhibition and plasticity, both within the premotor cortex and the basal ganglia, that at last lead to the clinical symptoms of WC.
Functional outcome and survival following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A retrospective population‐based study
Authors: Øie Lise R. , Madsbu Mattis A. , Solheim Ole , Jakola Asgeir S. , Giannadakis Charalampis , Vorhaug Anders , Padayachy Llewellyn , Jensberg Heidi , Dodick David , Salvesen Øyvind , Gulati Sasha 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAccurate and reliable clinical and radiological predictors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcomes are needed to optimize treatment of ICH. The aim of this study was to investigate functional outcome and identify predictors of severe disability or death following ICH.Materials and methodsRetrospective population‐based study of spontaneous ICH. Clinical and radiological data were obtained from electronic medical records, and functional outcome estimated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) before ICH and at 3 and 12 months after ICH.ResultsFour hundred and fifty‐two patients were included (mean age 74.8 years, 45.6% females). Proportion of fatal outcome at 1 week was 22.1%, at 3 months 39.2%, and at 12 months 44.9%. Median mRS score before the ICH was 1 (interquartile range [IQR] 2); for survivors at 3 months, it was 5 (IQR 3); and at 12 months, it was 3 (IQR 2). Independent predictors of severe disability (mRS of 5) or death (mRS of 6) were use of oral antithrombotic drugs (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.8, p = 0.04), mRS score before the ICH (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.2, p < 0.001), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission (OR 8.3, 95% CI 3.5–19.7, p < 0.001), hematoma volume >60 ml (OR 4.5, 05% CI 2.0–10.2, p < 0.001), and intraventricular hematoma extension (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.8–4.2, p < 0.001).ConclusionIntracerebral hemorrhage is associated with high mortality, and more than one third of survivors end up with severe disability or death 3 months later. Predictors of severe disability or death were use of oral antithrombotic drugs, functional disability prior to ICH, low GCS on admission, larger hematoma volume, and intraventricular hematoma extension.
Efficacy of exogenous pyruvate in TremblerJ mouse model of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathy
Authors: Sahenk Zarife , Yalvac Mehmet E. , Amornvit Jakkrit , Arnold William David , Chen Lei , Shontz Kimberly M. , Lewis Sarah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionClassic Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) neuropathies including those with Schwann cell genetic defects exhibit a length‐dependent process affecting the distal axon. Energy deprivation in the distal axon has been the proposed mechanism accounting for length‐dependent distal axonal degeneration. We hypothesized that pyruvate, an intermediate glycolytic product, could restore nerve function, supplying lost energy to the distal axon.MethodsTo test this possibility, we supplied pyruvate to the drinking water of the Trembler‐J (TrJ) mouse and assessed efficacy based on histology, electrophysiology, and functional outcomes. Pyruvate outcomes were compared with untreated TrJ controls alone or adeno‐associated virus mediated NT‐3 gene therapy (AAV1.NT‐3)/pyruvate combinatorial approach.ResultsPyruvate supplementation resulted increased myelinated fiber (MF) densities and myelin thickness in sciatic nerves. Combining pyruvate with proven efficacy from AAV1.tMCK.NT‐3 gene therapy provided additional benefits showing improved compound muscle action potential amplitudes and nerve conduction velocities compared to pyruvate alone cohort. The end point motor performance of both the pyruvate and the combinatorial therapy cohorts was better than untreated TrJ controls. In a unilateral sciatic nerve crush paradigm, pyruvate supplementation improved myelin‐based outcomes in both regenerating and the contralateral uncrushed nerves.ConclusionsThis proof of principle study demonstrates that exogenous pyruvate alone or as adjunct therapy in TrJ may have clinical implications and is a candidate therapy for CMT neuropathies without known treatment.
Are people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) particularly nice? An international online case–control study of the Big Five personality factors
Authors: Parkin Kullmann Jane A. , Hayes Susan , Pamphlett Roger 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany people with ALS have been suggested to have a “nice” personality, but most ALS personality studies to date have had limited numbers of participants and have not taken into account personality differences between genders. We used Big Five Inventory data obtained from an online questionnaire looking for risk factors for ALS to investigate personality traits in large numbers of people with ALS and controls.MethodsA total of 741 questionnaire respondents aged 40 years and over indicated the extent to which they agreed with each of the 44 Big Five Inventory statements. Respondents were 339 with ALS (212 male, 127 female) who responded to the statements as they applied to them before their diagnosis and 402 controls (120 male, 282 female). Unpaired t tests with 95% confidence intervals were used to compare mean values of Big Five‐factor scores.ResultsFemale respondents taken together had higher mean scores for Agreeableness and Neuroticism than all male respondents. Male ALS respondents had higher mean scores than male controls for Conscientiousness and Extraversion. Female ALS respondents had higher mean scores than female controls for Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, and a lower score for Neuroticism.ConclusionsMany people with ALS have personality traits that are likely to underlie the perception they are particularly “nice.” This raises the possibility that genetic polymorphisms that influence personality could play a role in ALS. Furthermore, different personality traits could underlie lifestyle choices that are currently thought to be risk factors for ALS.
How expected outcomes, stakeholders, and institutions influence corporate social responsibility at different levels of large basic needs firms
Authors: Shnayder Larissa , Van Rijnsoever Frank J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA firm's choice to practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) is commonly explained using insights from institutional theory or stakeholder management. However, we do not know how important external pressures are at the executive level and individual manager level in a firm's choice to engage in particular CSR activities. Nor do we know how important these external pressures are in comparison with other attributes of CSR activities that can influence this choice, such as costs or expected returns of an activity. Finally, we do not know whether all firms respond in the same way to these influences. Hence, we ask the following:How do the outcomes and pressures for a CSR activity influence the choice of that particular activity by different classes of large basic needs industry firms?Using a choice experiment, we study the CSR activities of 402 firms in the energy, packaged foods, and pharmaceutical industries. We demonstrate that expected outcomes, rather than institutions or stakeholders, drive the choice of an activity. Firms invest differing amounts of funds into a particular activity. Although institutions and stakeholders explain the overall CSR strategy of the firm, they do not explain their choices for specific activities.
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and its background mucosal pathology: A comparative analysis according to Siewert classification in a Japanese cohort
Authors: Urabe Masayuki , Ushiku Tetsuo , Shinozaki‐Ushiku Aya , Iwasaki Akiko , Yamazawa Sho , Yamashita Hiroharu , Seto Yasuyuki , Fukayama Masashi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has heterogeneous carcinogenic process due to its location straddling the esophagogastric junction. We assessed background mucosal pathology and its correlation with clinicopathological features of each Siewert type of AEG. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of 103 AEGs and 58 gastric cancers (GCs) were conducted. Background mucosal features were evaluated according to the updated Sydney System. Siewert classification divided 103 AEGs into three type I, 75 type II, and 25 type III tumors, respectively. Two type I, 9 type II AEGs, and none of type III AEGs were Barrett‐related and were excluded from further analysis. Background mucosa of type III AEGs more frequently showed moderate to marked degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia than those of type II AEGs and was very similar to those of GCs. Among type II AEGs, tumors with atrophic background were significantly associated with higher patient age and intestinal‐type histology. Type II AEGs with nonatrophic background, but not those with atrophic background, showed more frequent mismatch repair deficiency, TP53 overexpression, and less frequent intestinal phenotypic markers expression than type III AEG or GC. Type II AEGs with atrophic background involved suprapancreatic nodes more frequently than those without. We demonstrated that chronic atrophic gastritis was a major precancerous condition of AEG in the Japanese population, especially Siewert type III which had background mucosal pathology similar to that of GC. Type II AEGs with and without atrophic background showed some clinicopathological differences, and these observations might represent heterogeneous carcinogenic process within type II AEGs.
Goltz syndrome in males: A clinical report of a male patient carrying a novel PORCN variant and a review of the literature
Authors: Frisk Sofia , Grandpeix‐Guyodo Catherine , Popovic Silwerfeldt Karin , Hjartarson Helgi Thor , Chatzianastassiou Dimitris , Magnusson Irina , Laurell Tobias , Nordgren Ann 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageHere, we report a novel mosaic mutation in the PORCN gene in a male Goltz syndrome patient. We also compare the phenotypes of all reported males with a confirmed molecular diagnosis. This report serves to further clarify the phenotype of Goltz syndrome and suggests that expression in males varies.
Unexpected discovery of hemoglobinopathy C/β° thalassemia
Authors: Bouyarmane Wafaa , Uwingabiye Jean , Biaz Asmaa , Rachid Achraf , Mechal Youness , Dami Abdellah , Bouhsain Sanae , Ouzzif Zhor , El Machtani Idrissi Samira 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageHigh performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the current method of choice for the detection of hemoglobinopathies and the quantification of A2 and fetal hemoglobin. We are describing a case where a double heterozygosity C/beta‐thalassemia was fortuitously identified, during assaying HBA1c, by HPLC.
Can pulmonary sarcoidosis trigger a progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy? Considerations from a case series and a review of literature
Authors: Gamperl Irene , Enzinger Christian , Pichler Alexander , Feichtinger Michael , Schlager Thomas , Fertl Elisabeth 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe infectious brain disease with lethal outcome mainly seen in immunocompromised subjects. Herein, we describe a new form of PML with different outcome which was observed in patients suffering from systemic sarcoidosis. Thus, we raise the question whether preexisting sarcoidosis might predispose for or even trigger PML.
Transient Simulation of Hollow‐Fiber Membrane Filtration with Nonuniform Permeability Distribution
Authors: Zhuang Liwei , Wang Yang , Xu Zhen-Liang , Dai Gance 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransient simulation of filtration in hollow‐fiber membranes with nonuniform permeability distribution was conducted. The diversity of permeability distributions caused different initial flux and transmembrane pressure distributions. Manipulating the permeability distribution enables a hollow‐fiber membrane to achieve its maximum volumetric flow rate. During solid‐liquid separation, the inter‐adjustment between flux and cake distributions improved their uniformities simultaneously. The reciprocal of the volumetric flow rate of the membranes all increased linearly with water production. Severely nonuniform permeability distribution caused low water production. The numerical results could be applicable to account for the non‐ideal performance of industrial hollow‐fiber membrane modules.
Photoswitchable Self‐Assembly/Disassembly of Near‐Infrared Fluorophores
Authors: Xie Nuo‐Hua , Li Chong , Chen Ying , Chen Tao , Liu Zhitian , Zhu Ming‐Qiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA new photoswitchable near‐infrared fluorophore (TDI‐4DTE) with a symmetric structure exhibited reversible photo‐controllable self‐assembly and disassembly. The modification of π‐conjugated terrylenediimide with four dithienylethene groups not only induced photoswitchable near‐infrared fluorescence, but also photoregulated reversible precipitation–dissolution with microscopic and macroscopic polymorphism. Upon 302 nm UV‐light irradiation, a noticeable precipitation was observed within seconds. The precipitate was gradually dissolved again in half an hour upon visible light irradiation. Different microscopic morphologies of the precipitates, including nanoparticles, nanofibrils and nanosheets, were observed when altering the intensity of the 302 nm light irradiation, indicating the dynamic control process of self‐assembly. Upon UV‐light irradiation, TDI‐4DTE nanosheets were also obtained as a solid polymeric film, whereas well‐defined nanoribbons with molecular monolayer thickness formed at the oil/water interface with slower assembly dynamics.
Trifluoromethanesulfinyl Chloride for Electrophilic Trifluoromethythiolation and Bifunctional Chlorotrifluoromethythiolation
Authors: Jiang Lvqi , Yan Qiang , Wang Rongkang , Ding Tianqi , Yi Wenbin , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTrifluoromethanesulfinyl chloride (CF3SOCl) has been introduced as a new reagent for C−H trifluoromethylthiolation of indoles, thiophenes, and ketones under catalyst‐free conditions and in the absence of reductant. The disproportionation of CF3SOCl to CF3SO2Cl and CF3SCl provides two pathways for the trifluoromethylthiolation. Direct trifluoromethylthiolation with CF3SCl or trifluoromethylsulfoxidation with CF3SOCl is followed by reduction with CF3SOCl. This reagent can be used to functionalize benzothiophenes, benzofurans, and indenes under the promotion of Ag2CO3. It can also be used for trifluoromethylthiolation of thiols and benzeneselenols, and 1,2‐bifunctional chlorotrifluoromethylthiolation of indoles, styrenes, and alkyenes. The method can also be extended for difluorometylthiolation reactions using CF2HSOCl.