bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny of the scorpionflies Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) and chromosomal evolution
Authors: Miao Ying , Wang Ji‐Shen , Hua Bao‐Zhen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPanorpidae is the most species‐rich family in Mecoptera with ca. 470 species in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the intergeneric phylogenetic relationships of Panorpidae remain unsatisfactorily resolved to date. Here, we used molecular and cytogenetic approaches to determine the phylogenetic relationships of Panorpidae in the evolutionary scenario of chromosomes, and estimated their divergence times using fossil‐calibrated Bayesian analysis. In total, 89 species representing all seven genera of Panorpidae were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference based on the nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 and cox2 genes. The results reveal that Panorpidae is a well‐supported monophyletic group that can be categorized into two major clades. Major Clade I comprises Neopanorpa and Leptopanorpa, and Major Clade II consists of all the other genera (Cerapanorpa, Dicerapanorpa, Furcatopanorpa, Panorpa and Sinopanorpa). Neopanorpa and Cerapanorpa are regarded as paraphyletic groups for the first time. BEAST analysis indicates that Panorpidae originated in the Lower Cretaceous approximately 122.5 Ma (96.8–149.3 Ma), and that most diversification occurred from the Selandian (59.8 Ma) to the Middle Pleistocene (0.6 Ma) in the Cenozoic. Cytogenetic data plotted on the cladogram show that the lineage differentiation of Panorpidae is closely related to the chromosomal evolution, especially the reduction of chromosome number. Our study suggests that a taxonomic revision of Panorpidae is urgently needed at the generic level.
The ecohydrological context of drought and classification of plant responses
Authors: Feng Xue , Ackerly David D. , Dawson Todd E. , Manzoni Stefano , Skelton Rob P. , Vico Giulia , Thompson Sally E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany recent studies on drought‐induced vegetation mortality have explored how plant functional traits, and classifications of such traits along axes of, for example, isohydry–anisohydry, might contribute to predicting drought survival and recovery. As these studies proliferate, the consistency and predictive value of such classifications need to be carefully examined. Here, we outline the basis for a systematic classification of plant drought responses that accounts for both environmental conditions and functional traits. We use non‐dimensional analysis to integrate plant traits and metrics of environmental variation into groups that can be associated with alternative drought stress pathways (hydraulic failure and carbon limitation), and demonstrate that these groupings predict physiological drought outcomes using both synthetic and measured data. In doing so, we aim to untangle some confounding effects of environment and trait variations that undermine current classification schemes, advocate for more careful treatment of the environmental context within which plants experience and respond to drought, and outline a pathway towards a general classification of drought vulnerability.
Association between blood lipid profile and urolithiasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Besiroglu Huseyin , Ozbek Emin 
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to pool individual studies regarding the association of blood lipid profiles with urolithiasis to carry out a systematic review and meta‐analysis. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library to identify the relevant studies up to November 2017. Studies that met all inclusion criteria were chosen, and a pooled analysis of the odds ratio between urolithiasis and dyslipidemia traits was calculated. A total of 11 observational studies (seven cross‐sectional, three cohort, one case–control) with a total of 282 479 participants were examined. The overall pooled analysis of eight studies showed that high triglyceride was associated with increased estimated risk of urolithiasis (odds ratio 1.287, 95% CI 1.073–1.544; P = 0.007). Estimates of the total effect size were consistent in the sensitivity analysis. No evidence of publication bias was detected. The overall pooled analysis of nine studies showed low high‐density lipoprotein was weakly associated with increased estimated risk of urolithiasis (odds ratio 1.171, 95% CI 1.010–1.358; P = 0.032). The sensitivity analysis showed conflicting results. No evidence of publication bias was detected. Three studies on the association between any dyslipidemia traits and urolithiasis showed a significant association (odds ratio 1.309, 95% CI 1.202–1.425; P < 0.001). The present meta‐analysis showed that patients with higher triglyceride and lower high‐density lipoprotein had an increased estimated risk of urolithiasis. A triglyceride–urolithiasis association was found to be more coherent and consistent compared with the high‐density lipoprotein–urolithiasis association. Although somewhat contradictory results have been found, the meta‐analysis is encouraging for evaluating urolithiasis as a systemic disorder. Further well‐designed prospective randomized controlled or cohort studies are necessary to better elucidate the causal association of dyslipidemia and urolithiasis.
Diagnostic value of combination serum assay of lactate dehydrogenase, D‐dimer, and C‐reactive protein for uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Nishigaya Yoshiko , Kobayashi Yoichi , Matsuzawa Yukiko , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Fukasawa Ichio , Watanabe Yoh , Tokunaga Hideki , Yaegashi Nobuo , Iwashita Mitsutoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimLeiomyosarcoma is the most common type of uterine sarcoma. In some leiomyosarcoma cases, preoperative diagnosis might be difficult, and they might be treated as benign lesions. We evaluated diagnostic values of preoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D‐dimer and C‐reactive protein for differentiating leiomyosarcoma.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2013, leiomyosarcoma cases in three university hospitals were enrolled. Preoperative serum LDH, D‐dimer and C‐reactive protein were analyzed if tested. These markers of pathologically diagnosed leiomyoma cases presumed benign (group B) and presumed malignant (group PM) were compared with those of leiomyosarcoma cases (group S).ResultsGroups S, PM and B had 36, 28 and 69 cases, respectively. Positive rates of LDH were 66.7%, 14.3% and 0% in groups S, PM and B, respectively. Positive rates of D‐dimer and C‐reactive protein were 83.3% and 64.5%, 17.9% and 10.7% and 5% and 2.9% in groups S, PM and B, respectively. Positive rates of all three markers were high in the order of leiomyosarcoma, atypical leiomyoma and typical leiomyoma. In group PM, 12 (63.2%) cases were negative for all three markers, whereas 1 (3.3%) case was negative in group S. No case was positive for all markers in group PM, whereas 41.2% leiomyosarcoma cases were positive for all markers. When all parameters were positive, specificity and positive predictive value were 100% in differentiating leiomyosarcoma from group PM.ConclusionCombination of LDH, D‐dimer and C‐reactive protein could be useful for distinguishing leiomyosarcoma from especially degenerated or atypical leiomyoma.
Effects of olive oil dietary supplementation on sperm quality and seminal biochemical parameters in rooster
Authors: Kacel Ahmed , Iguer‐Ouada Mokrane 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe current study investigated the effect of olive oil (OO) dietary supplementation on rooster semen quality. Three groups of local breed roosters fifty fourth weeks old were randomly assigned to either one of the following diets during 8 weeks: ad libitum standard diet without OO dietary supplementation (Group 1), ad libitum standard diet with 0.2 ml of daily OO supplementation per rooster (Group 2), and ad libitum standard diet with 0.4 ml of daily OO supplementation per rooster (Group 3). Semen quality (volume, concentration, viability and motility) and biochemical seminal parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL) were determined twice weekly from the 5th to 8th week of treatment. Results showed no significant difference between the three groups during the three first weeks for sperm concentration and sperm motility; at the fourth week, males provided with 0.4 ml OO (Group 3) showed a significantly improved sperm concentration, sperm viability and sperm motility compared to the others groups. Even if group 3 showed slight elevated values for glucose, triglycerides and LDL, no significant difference was observed for semen volume and biochemical seminal parameters between the three studied groups. The current results suggest that olive oil dietary supplementation could be an interesting alternative to enhance rooster sperm quality particularly in aged individuals where ejaculates quality declines systematically.
Hybridization in Trypanosoma congolense does not challenge the predominant clonal evolution model. A comment on Tihon et al., 2017, Mol. Ecol.
Authors: Tibayrenc Michel , Ayala Francisco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTihon et al. have just published in Mol. Ecol. a fine genomic study on Trypanosoma congolense, agent of Animal African Trypanosomiasis. They present very convincing evidence that T. congolense underwent several hybridization events between distinct genetic lines in Zambia. They claim that their data challenge our predominant clonal evolution model (PCE) of micropathogens. We point out the main tenets of our model and show that Tihon et al.'s claim is based on a misinterpretation of the PCE model. Actually, their data strongly support PCE in T. congolense at a microevolutionary level.
Ally or competitor? Militant Basque nationalism's reaction to the new Spanish left
Authors: Kerr Stephanie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith the 2011 ceasefire declaration the Basque patriotic left (IA) has committed itself more firmly to constitutional politics. Concurrently, Spain has experienced an upsurge in the popularity of new political parties in the historically two party dominant general elections. The emergence of a political challenger on the left of the political spectrum (Podemos) may pose an opportunity or a threat to the IA's unilateral strategy, as the parties have numerous points of ideological concurrence. This paper analyses how the IA seeks to translate its strategies into mainstream constitutional politics, by exploring how it responds to the question posed by Podemos – ally, competitor, or both? Using an historical institutionalist approach, the conditions at two critical junctures – those surrounding the formation of new political parties during the democratic transition period and the more recent change in the electoral landscape – are compared to assess the initial impact of Podemos on IA cohesion.
Effect of orthodontic management and orofacial muscle training protocols on the correction of myofunctional and myoskeletal problems in developing dentition. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Koletsi Despina , Makou Margarita , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this review was to evaluate available evidence on the effect of early orthodontic management and myofunctional treatment in the developing dentition children, on anterior open bite correction, as well as on normalization of patterns of mouth breathing, swallowing and tongue resting position and pressure. Electronic searches in MEDLINE, Cochrane and LILACS, without language restrictions were conducted. Additionally, unpublished literature was identified. Randomized controlled trials, or controlled clinical trials, comparing interventions applied to manage anterior open bite and other muscle functions such as breathing/swallowing pattern and tongue resting position and pressure, were considered. Quality assessment was based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted to assess treatment effects. From the 265 initial search results, 15 articles were included in the review. Eight were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 7 were controlled clinical trials. Treatment outcomes comprised skeletal and dentoalveolar changes recorded cephalometrically, mouth posture and lip closure normalization, improvement of tongue resting position/pressure and modification of swallowing pattern. Quantitative synthesis was possible for only 2 of the included RCTs. There was no evidence to support bonded lingual spurs over banded fixed appliances for the correction of anterior open bite in mixed dentition children presenting nonnutritive oral habits at the onset of treatment (SMD: −0.03; 95%CI: −.81, 0.74; P = 0.94). Although early orthodontic management and myofunctional treatment in the deciduous and mixed dentition children appears to be a promising approach, the quality of the existing evidence is questionable.
Co‐option of microbial associates by insects and their impact on plant–folivore interactions
Authors: Mason Charles J. , Jones Asher G. , Felton Gary W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPlants possess a suite of traits that make them challenging to consume by insect herbivores. Plant tissues are recalcitrant, have low levels of protein, and may be well defended by chemicals. Insects use diverse strategies for overcoming these barriers, including co‐opting metabolic activities from microbial associates. In this review, we discuss the co‐option of bacteria and fungi in the herbivore gut. We particularly focus upon chewing, folivorous insects (Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) and discuss the impacts of microbial co‐option on herbivore performance and plant responses. We suggest that there are two components to microbial co‐option: fixed and plastic relationships. Fixed relationships are involved in integral dietary functions and can be performed by microbial enzymes co‐opted into the genome or by stably transferred associates. In contrast, the majority of gut symbionts appear to be looser and perform more facultative, context‐dependent functions. This more plastic, variable co‐option of bacteria likely produces a greater number of insect phenotypes, which interact differently with plant hosts. By altering plant detection of herbivory or mediating insect interactions with plant defensive compounds, microbes can effectively improve herbivore performance in real time within and between generations.
Prevalence of islet autoantibodies in Thai juvenile‐onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Trisorus Chayanis , Aroonparkmongkol Suphab , Kongmanas Hataichanok Bansiddhi , Sahakitrungruang Taninee 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by autoimmune destruction of islet β‐cells of the pancreas. There are overlapping phenotypes in a significant proportion of youth with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Thus, positive pancreatic autoantibodies are helpful to diagnose T1DM. Zinc transporter 8 antibody (ZnT8A) is a recently identified autoantibody in T1DM and no data on ZnT8A in the Thai population have been reported. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate the prevalence of ZnT8A in Thai juvenile‐onset T1DM and to evaluate its diagnostic value relative to glutamic acid decarboxylase and insulinoma‐2 antigen antibodies (GADA and IA2A).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, patients with T1DM diagnosed before age 15 years, and disease duration <10 years were enrolled. Serum ZnT8A, GADA, and IA2A were measured using commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits.ResultsThe subjects consisted of 81 youths (30 boys, 51 girls) aged 12.3 ± 4.5 years with T1DM. The median diabetes duration was 3 years (range, 0–10 years). The prevalence of ZnT8A, GADA, and IA2A was 54.3%, 75.3%, and 45.7%, respectively. ZnT8A were detected in 16% of T1DM patients negative for both GADA and IA2A. A combination of ZnT8A, GADA and IA2A could detect 80.2% of patients with T1DM. Combined use of ZnT8A and GADA identified 100% of antibody‐positive patients.ConclusionThe prevalence of ZnT8A in Thai juvenile‐onset T1DM appears to be higher than in previous studies from Asia. ZnT8A could replace IA2A as an autoimmunity marker in Thai pediatric T1DM patients, with better diagnostic performance.
Fitting in a group: Theoretical development and validation of the Multidimensional Perceived Person–Group Fit scale
Authors: Li Christina S. , Kristof‐Brown Amy L. , Nielsen Jordan D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the wide use of groups in organizations, research on individuals’ experiences of fit in their work groups has lagged due to lack of conceptual clarity of person–group (PG) fit and inconsistent measurement. To rectify these issues, we present an integrative definition of PG fit, which incorporates social‐ and task‐related elements of group work, as well as supplementary and complementary conceptualizations of fit. Using this definition, we develop the Multidimensional Perceived Person‐Group Fit (MPPGF) scale and validate it through five phases, across six samples. In Phase 1, we identified dimensions and generated items using a mix of deductive and inductive approaches. In Phase 2, we validated items yielding seven dimensions (value congruence, shared interests, perceived demographic similarity, needs‐supplies match, goal similarity, common workstyle, and complementary attributes). In Phase 3, we examined how the dimensions combine to form an aggregate (formative) PG fit construct. The MPPGF scale showed convergent and discriminant validity with relevant constructs in Phase 4. In Phase 5, the MPPGF exhibited criterion‐related and incremental validity with attitudes and performance beyond existing PG fit scales. Finally, we report dimension‐specific results, demonstrating that MPPGF could be used to study questions regarding overall PG fit perceptions, as well as more narrow dimension‐specific questions.
Evidence of locally acquired spotted fever group rickettsioses in Southeast Texas, 2008–2016
Authors: Erickson Timothy , Gunter Sarah M. , Starke Jeffrey , Murray Kristy O. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe identified six paediatric case‐patients from southeast Texas diagnosed with confirmed or probable Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis (SFGR) between 2008 and 2016. Only one case had a history of travel to an endemic area. Clinical and laboratory findings strongly suggest locally acquired Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in one Houston patient. Public health reporting of SFGR is critical for monitoring emergence in nonendemic regions.
Economic Diversification in Bahrain
Authors: Nakibullah Ashraf 
Published: August 2018

Countries, such as the GCC countries, that predominantly rely for their income on oil resources face the reality that these sources of their income would not last forever. Thus, being a member of the GCC countries, Bahrain has been pursuing the policies of sustainable and diversified economic growth. This paper uses the share of nonoil real GDP to total real GDP as a measure of diversification to access the extent of diversification in Bahrain. The shares of nonoil GDP increased from 64% in the beginning of this of this century to 80% in 2016 with an average annual growth rate of 6.2% for the period 2002-2016. This success story seems to have an inherent problem. A bivariate structural VAR model with nonoil real GDP and oil price shows that oil prices (indirectly oil sector) have positive impact on the movements of the nonoil real GDP. This means nonoil sector has been very much dependent on the oil sector and neutralizing the dependence is required for the post oil era.
What are the perceived influences on asthma self-management at the workplace? A qualitative study
Authors: Heinrichs Katherina , Vu-Eickmann Patricia , Hummel Stefan , Gholami Jalal , Loerbroks Adrian 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesAsthma can represent a substantial challenge to the affected individual, but is usually well controlled by adequate asthma self-management behaviour (SMB). Asthma SMB comprises symptom prevention, symptom monitoring, acute symptom management and communication with important others. The implementation of asthma SMB seems to depend on contextual factors. For employed adults, working conditions may be important in this respect. We, therefore, aimed to explore the perceived influences on effective asthma SMB at work.DesignOur qualitative study built on semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis.SettingParticipants were recruited in two pulmonary rehabilitation clinics in Northern Germany.ParticipantsWe conducted 27 interviews among employees with asthma (female: n=15) who worked at least 20 hours per week and were diagnosed with asthma at least 6 months prior to interviewing. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded.ResultsAccording to participants, the most influential factors with regard to asthma SMB at work appeared to be job decision latitude (JDL) and social support. JDL (ie, the control over one’s tasks and when and how things were done) was perceived to affect symptom prevention, symptom monitoring, and acute symptom management, but not communication. Support by colleagues, line managers, and the employer, for example, practical, emotional, or structural support, was perceived to exert effects on symptom prevention, acute symptom management, and communication (ie, self-disclosure of one’s condition).ConclusionsPerceived JDL and social support were experienced as influencing successful implementation of asthma SMB at the workplace.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register no: DRKS00011309.
Are children more vulnerable to mesothelioma than adults? A comparison of mesothelioma risk among children and adults exposed non-occupationally to blue asbestos at Wittenoom
Authors: Reid Alison , Franklin Peter , Berry Geoffrey , Peters Susan , Sodhi-Berry Nita , Brims Fraser , Musk Arthur William , de Klerk Nicholas H 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesThe presence of asbestos in public buildings is a legacy of past asbestos use in many developed countries. Of particular concern is the amount and current condition in schools and the vulnerability of children to mesothelioma. Our aim was to compare the risk of mesothelioma between those exposed to blue asbestos as children and as adults at Wittenoom.MethodsPublic sources were used to establish the Wittenoom residents’ cohort. Mesothelioma incidence rates per 100 000 person-years at risk were derived for those first exposed to asbestos at Wittenoom as children (<15 years) or adults separately. Proportional hazards survival models examined the slope of the exposure-response relationship between asbestos exposure and incidence of mesothelioma in different sex and age groups.ResultsThe mesothelioma rate was lower among those first exposed as children (76.8 per 100 000) than those first exposed as adults (121.3 per 100 000). Adjusting for cumulative exposure to asbestos and sex, those exposed as adults had a greater risk of mesothelioma (adjusted HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.7). The slope of the exposure-response relationship did not differ between those exposed as children and those exposed as adults.ConclusionWe found no greater susceptibility to mesothelioma among those first exposed to asbestos as children than those first exposed as adults. However, given the long latency of mesothelioma, and the greater years of life yet to be lived by the Wittenoom children, it is likely that there will be more cases of mesothelioma in the future among those first exposed as children.