bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a collaborative transdisciplinary team approach on oral health status in acute stroke patients
Authors: Obana Michiyo , Furuya Junichi , Matsubara Chiaki , Tohara Haruka , Inaji Motoki , Miki Kazunori , Numasawa Yoshiyuki , Minakuchi Shunsuke , Maehara Taketoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral function deteriorates easily during the acute phase of cerebral stroke. Therefore, oral health care involving a transdisciplinary approach consisting of dental and medical professionals might be important, but has not been studied in detail.ObjectiveThis study assessed the oral health status of patients with cerebral stroke in the acute phase, with the aim of elucidating the efficacy of collaborative, transdisciplinary oral health care involving dentists, dental hygienists, nurses and speech therapists.MethodsThe participants were 115 consecutive acute cerebral stroke patients, who received oral health care while hospitalised at the university hospital. Their oral health status was assessed using the oral health assessment tool (OHAT) on admission and discharge.ResultsPatients with acute cerebral stroke had high OHAT scores on admission, meaning poor oral health status. The collaborative oral health care resulted in significant decrease of OHAT scores at discharge, indicative of the improvement of oral health status. Multivariate analysis identified OHAT score for tongue, dentures and oral cleanliness on admission as the significant variables associated with poor oral health status at discharge.ConclusionsThus, the oral health of cerebral stroke patients in the acute phase can be improved by implementing transdisciplinary collaboration of medical and dental professionals. Particularly, patients with problems pertaining to the tongue, dentures and oral cleanliness as revealed through OHAT on admission may require more intensive intervention.
Long‐Term Survival and Peri‐Implant Health of Titanium Implants with Zirconia Abutments: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cao Yubin , Yu Changhao , Wu Yingyi , Li Longjiang , Li Chunjie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the long‐term implant survival rate of titanium implants with zirconia abutments, and the effects of implants with zirconia abutments on marginal bone loss (MBL) and pocket probing depth (PPD) compared with all‐titanium implants.Materials and MethodsThe searched electronic database included the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Two types of studies were included: clinical studies reporting the survival rate of titanium implants with zirconia abutments with at least a mean/median 5‐year follow‐up, and clinical trials reporting the effects of implants with zirconia abutments on MBL and PPD compared with all‐titanium implants. Two reviewers screened and selected the records, assessed quality, and extracted data of included studies independently.ResultsThis review included 16 studies from 18 publications. None of the comparative studies was assessed at a low risk of bias. The overall implant survival rate of implants with zirconia abutments was estimated to be 96% (confidence intervals [CIs] [94%, 98%], I2 = 0%). For the comparison between implants with zirconia abutments and all‐titanium implants, the results significantly favored implants with zirconia abutments (for MBL, mean difference [MD] = –0.09, CIs [–0.17, 0.00], p = 0.05, I2 = 40%; for PPD, MD = –0.18, CIs [–0.32, –0.05], p = 0.008, I2 = 0%). Zirconia abutments were favored more when the prosthesis was an implant‐supported overdenture rather than a single crown.ConclusionsImplants with zirconia abutments may have an acceptable performance on peri‐implant health compared with all‐titanium implants; however, the implant survival rate of implants with zirconia abutments is slightly lower than all‐titanium implants in the long‐term follow‐up. Additional studies are needed to explain this dichotomy.
Bottom‐up or top‐down? Examining global and domain‐specific evaluations of how one's life is unfolding over time
Authors: Busseri Michael A. , Mise Taysa‐Rhea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe employed bottom‐up and top‐down perspectives to evaluate the link between how individuals view their lives as unfolding over time overall and in multiple life domains.MethodParticipants from an American adult lifespan sample (n = 1,003, mean age = 54.39 years, 49% female, 94% Caucasian) evaluated their recollected past, current, and anticipated future satisfaction in seven life domains (health, work, finances, contribution to others, relationships with one's children, close relationships, sex life) and for their lives overall (life satisfaction) at two time points separated by 9 years.ResultsMean‐level trends varied by life domain and age. In cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses, domain‐specific beliefs about changes in one's life explained substantial amounts of variance in perceived changes in overall life satisfaction, and multiple domains had unique predictive effects. Domain‐specific beliefs also substantially mediated the predictive effect of age on perceived change in life satisfaction.ConclusionsFindings provide consistent support for the bottom‐up perspective and limited support for the top‐down model. Accordingly, individuals seem to derive beliefs concerning how their lives overall are unfolding over time based on perceived changes across multiple life domains.
Porphyromonas gingivalis‐derived lipopolysaccharide causes excessive hepatic lipid accumulation via activating NF‐κB and JNK signaling pathways
Authors: Ding Lu‐yang , Liang Li‐zong , Zhao Yong‐xu , Yang Ya‐nan , Liu Feng , Ding Qiu‐rong , Luo Li‐jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPorphyromonas gingivalis is the main pathogen of periodontal disease affecting over half of the worldwide adult population. Recent studies have shown that P. gingivalis is related to the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a global major chronic liver disease, especially in developed countries. However, how P. gingivalis contributes to the pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully clarified. We aimed to conduct a preliminary exploration of the underlying mechanism of P. gingivalis infection in the development of NAFLD.MethodsHuman hepatocellular cells HepG2 were incubated with/without oleic acid (OA) and tested for lipid accumulation upon stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from P. gingivalis or Escherichia coli. Intracellular lipid droplet formation was analyzed and quantified by Oil Red O staining. The involvement of signaling pathway molecules and pro‐inflammatory cytokines related to NF‐κB and MAPKs were examined with Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analyses and further evaluated with inhibitor treatment and RNA interference.ResultsHepG2 cells accumulated more intracellular lipids when stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS, as compared to cells treated with E. coli LPS or control. Further pathway analysis demonstrated that after stimulation with P. gingivalis LPS, cells displayed significantly upregulated MyD88 expression, increased phosphorylation of p65 and JNK, and more release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐1, IL‐8, and TNF‐α. In addition, suppression of phosphorylation of p65 and JNK by inhibitors and RNA interference resulted in a reduction in lipid accumulation upon P. gingivalis LPS treatment.ConclusionsThese results suggest that P. gingivalis‐derived LPS may contribute to intracellular lipid accumulation and inflammatory reaction of HepG2 cells via the activation of NF‐κB and JNK signaling pathways. This study offers a possible explanation to the functional involvement of P. gingivalis infection in the pathological progression of NAFLD. These findings may help design new treatment strategies in NAFLD.
Artificial elevation of glutathione contents in salicylic acid‐deficient tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NahG) reduces susceptibility to the powdery mildew pathogen Euoidium longipes
Authors: Künstler A. , Kátay G. , Gullner G. , Király L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The effects of elevated glutathione levels on defence responses to powdery mildew (Euoidium longipes) were investigated in a salicylic acid‐deficient tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NahG) and wild‐type cv. Xanthi plants, where salicylic acid (SA) contents are normal.

Aqueous solutions of reduced glutathione (GSH) and its synthetic precursor R‐2‐oxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (OTC) were injected into leaves of tobacco plants 3 h before powdery mildew inoculation.

SA‐deficient NahG tobacco was hyper‐susceptible to E. longipes, as judged by significantly more severe powdery mildew symptoms and enhanced pathogen accumulation. Strikingly, elevation of GSH levels in SA‐deficient NahG tobacco restored susceptibility to E. longipes to the extent seen in wild‐type plants (i.e. enhanced basal resistance). However, expression of the SA‐mediated pathogenesis‐related gene (NtPR‐1a) did not increase significantly in GSH or OTC‐pretreated and powdery mildew‐inoculated NahG tobacco, suggesting that the induction of this PR gene may not be directly involved in the defence responses induced by GSH.

Our results demonstrate that artificial elevation of glutathione content can significantly reduce susceptibility to powdery mildew in SA‐deficient tobacco.
A mental health programme for medical students
Authors: Sugumar Dipti , Fleming Olivia , Ogden Kathryn 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundIt is critical that medical educators actively address the growing mental health burden affecting medical students. The motivation to present a mental health programme to medical students at the University of Tasmania arose in response to a recent tragedy within the student body. This emphasised the necessity of developing an effective skill‐based initiative for our students. We describe a peer‐led programme targeting mental health borne from this event. The aim of this article is to outline the development of this programme and to report on the preliminary feedback.MethodsThis article presents a peer‐led programme, delivered to medical students in the fourth year of a 5‐year undergraduate degree by peers from within the student cohort. We used a multipronged approach, with the programme consisting of a five‐session workshop and a supplementary resource book. A post‐workshop survey was administered as formative evaluation. A total of 19 out of 20 participants responded to the survey.Results and discussionAll respondents agreed that the programme helped to reduce the stigma of mental health disease in medicine and improved both peer support and self‐care practices. All students agreed that they would recommend this programme to peers, and that it provided a welcome opportunity to talk about mental health and normalised mental health concerns. Key to the success of the programme was its peer‐led nature. The programme is an example of an innovative and effective programme design that can help to guide medical educators to further support the next generation of medical practitioners with their mental health skills.Our focus was on building practical skills for students to support their own and others’ mental health
Every single street? Rethinking full coverage across street‐level imagery platforms
Authors: Quinn Sterling , Alvarez León Luis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStreet‐level images taken by vehicles and pedestrians have found a role in various companies’ location‐based intelligence services. Some platforms collect their images using their own cars and drivers, while others rely on crowdsourcing; however, to what extent can we expect crowdsourced approaches to reach the imagery coverage levels obtained by paid drivers? Is capturing every single street a useful or obtainable goal? We use online coverage maps to compare Google Street View, Mapillary, and OpenStreetCam in 24 major world cities and 25 differently sized cities in Brazil. We find that Google has often taken an all‐or‐nothing approach to collecting coverage in world cities, whereas crowdsourced platforms have achieved a more even distribution of coverage across space. Extremely low‐ and high‐income neighborhoods are sometimes omitted due to visible and invisible barriers. Coverage patterns are influenced by how and why each company procures imagery, along with other social, economic, and geographic factors.
Targeting subsidised inpatient services to the poor in a setting with limited state capacity: proxy means testing in Myanmar's hospital equity fund scheme
Authors: Htet Soe , Ludwick Teralynn , Mahal Ajay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesMany low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) provide subsidised access to health services for the poor. Proxy means tests (PMTs) for income are typically employed to identify eligible beneficiaries for subsidised services but often result in significant mistargeting of benefits. We assessed the PMT approach used in Myanmar's hospital equity fund (HEF).MethodsWe analysed inclusion/exclusion errors by comparing household eligibility under the PMT used for HEF with household consumption (the gold standard proxy for income in LMICs). We assessed receipt of benefits post‐hospitalisation against HEF eligibility rules and household income. Focus groups/interviews were conducted to understand administrative factors that influence targeting. We modelled (linear regression) predictors of household consumption to improve PMT accuracy.ResultsWe found large targeting errors (86% of households in the bottom consumption quartile would be excluded and 15% of households in the top consumption quartile deemed eligible). HEF scores for PMT held little explanatory power for household income: 93% of individuals meeting the HEF eligibility criteria did not receive benefits post‐hospitalisation, while 23% of ineligible individuals received programme support. Re‐weighting PMT indicators on electricity access, land ownership and livestock ownership, and assigning weights to home‐ownership, households with elderly/disabled members and household head education levels could significantly improve targeting accuracy. Poor programme awareness and uneven adherence to official eligibility determination procedures among staff likely affected targeting.ConclusionsRe‐weighting PMT indicators and increasing training and communication about qualification procedures could improve allocation of limited funds, though accurate targeting may continue to be challenging in contexts of low state capacity.
Review of low titre group O whole blood use for massively bleeding patients around the world in 2019
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe use of low titre group O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasing at civilian transfusion services in the United States and around the world as it has several advantages over conventional components for the resuscitation of traumatically injured and massively bleeding patients. This report documents the implementation of these LTOWB programmes.MethodsThe AABB/THOR (Trauma, Hemostasis, and Oxygenation Research network) working party developed an electronic survey that was sent to the medical directors of transfusion services where an LTOWB programme had been implemented. Various aspects of the transfusion service's practice were explored.ResultsThere were 27 respondents from four different countries. The majority of the respondents (24/27, 89%) were from the United States, while the others were from Israel, Norway and the United Kingdom. At the 20 sites with a limit on the number of LTOWB units for transfusion in massive bleeding, the average (SD) was 4 (1). Most respondents, 20/27 (74%), use LTOWB for trauma patients only, and the majority, 16/27 (59%), use leucoreduced LTOWB. The most common titre threshold was <200 (15/27, 56%) although the range was generally between <50 and <256. The most common storage lengths for the LTOWB were 14 days (11/27, 41%) and 21 days (12/27, 44%). Most centres, 15/27 (56%), discarded unused LTOWB units after the storage length had been exceeded although some centres, 9/27 (33%), were able to produce an RBC unit for transfusion.ConclusionLow titre group O whole blood programmes have different characteristics in the transfusion services where they have been developed predominantly to support trauma programmes.
A Review of Grooved Dynamic Gas Bearings
Authors: Gu Lili , Guenat Eliott , Schiffmann Jürg 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper offers an extensive review of publications dealing with the modeling, the design, and the experimental investigation of grooved dynamic gas-lubricated bearings. Recent years have witnessed a rise in small-scale and high-speed turbomachinery applications. Besides the well-known gas foil bearings, grooved bearings offer attractive advantages, which unveil their potential in particular at small scale due to the structural simplicity as well as satisfying predictability. This paper starts with a general background of the application of gas-lubricated bearings and introduces and compares the different gas bearing topologies. Further, the state-of-the-art modeling of grooved gas-lubricated bearings is introduced, systematically assessing the advantages and inconveniences of two major approaches, i.e., the narrow groove theory (NGT) and direct discretization method. Since the NGT method is an elegant and efficient approach to model the complex effects of periodic grooves, a critical section is dedicated to the NGT. In a second phase, different models to include additional physical phenomena such as real gas lubrication, rarefaction, or turbulence effects are reviewed. The paper concludes with a critical assessment of the state-of-the-art and indicates potential fields of research that would allow to shed more light into the understanding of these bearings, as well as with some thoughts on the integrated design methodologies of gas bearing supported rotors.
Volume-targeted ventilation with a Fabian ventilator: maintenance of tidal volumes and blood CO2
Authors: Belteki Gusztav , Széll András , Lantos Lajos , Kovács Gabor , Szántó Gyula , Berényi Aniko , Szilágyi Mónika , Liszkay Gábor , Kőhalmi Ferenc , Morley Colin J , Somogyvári Zsolt 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo analyse the performance of the Fabian +NCPAP evolution ventilator during volume guarantee (VG) ventilation in neonates at maintaining the target tidal volume and what tidal and minute volumes are required to maintain normocapnia.MethodsClinical and ventilator data were collected and analysed from 83 infants receiving VG ventilation during interhospital transfer. Sedation was used in 26 cases. Ventilator data were downloaded with a sampling rate of 0.5 Hz. Data were analysed using the Python computer language and its data analysis packages.Results~107 hours of ventilator data were analysed, consisting of ~194 000 data points. The median absolute difference between the actual expiratory tidal volume (VTe) of the ventilator inflations and the target tidal volume (VTset) was 0.29 mL/kg (IQR: 0.11–0.79 mL/kg). Overall, VTe was within 1 mL/kg of VTset in 80% of inflations. VTe decreased progressively below the target when the endotracheal tube leak exceeded 50%. When leak was below 50%, VTe was below VTset by >1 mL/kg in less than 12% of inflations even in babies weighing less than 1000 g. Both VTe (r=−0.34, p=0.0022) and minute volume (r=−0.22, p=0.0567) showed a weak inverse correlation with capillary partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) values. Only 50% of normocapnic blood gases were associated with tidal volumes between 4 and 6 mL/kg.ConclusionsThe Fabian ventilator delivers volume-targeted ventilation with high accuracy if endotracheal tube leakage is not excessive and the maximum allowed inflating pressure does not limit inflations. There is only weak inverse correlation between tidal or minute volumes and Pco2.
The estimated healthcare cost of diabetic retinopathy in Indonesia and its projection for 2025
Authors: Sasongko Muhammad Bayu , Wardhana Firman Setya , Febryanto Gandhi Anandika , Agni Angela Nurini , Supanji Supanji , Indrayanti Sarah Rizqia , Widayanti Tri Wahyu , Widyaputri Felicia , Widhasari Idhayu Anggit , Lestari Yeni Dwi , Adriono Gitalisa Andayani , Sovani Iwan , Kartasasmita Arief Sjamsulaksan 
Published: July 2019

PurposeTo estimate the total healthcare cost associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes in Indonesia and its projection for 2025.MethodsA prevalence-based cost-of-illness model was constructed from previous population-based DR study. Projection for 2025 was derived from estimated diabetes population in 2025. Direct treatment costs of DR were estimated from the perspective of healthcare. Patient perspective costs were obtained from thorough interview including only transportation cost and lost of working days related to treatment. We developed four cost-of-illness models according to DR severity level, DR without necessary treatment, needing laser treatment, laser +intravitreal (IVT) injection and laser + IVT +vitrectomy. All costs were estimated in 2017 US$.ResultsThe healthcare costs of DR in Indonesia were estimated to be $2.4 billion in 2017 and $8.9 billion in 2025. The total cost in 2017 consisted of the cost for no DR and mild–moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR) requiring eye screening ($25.9 million), severe NPDR or proliferative DR (PDR) requiring laser treatment ($0.25 billion), severe NPDR or PDR requiring both laser and IVT injection ($1.75 billion) and advance level of PDR requiring vitrectomy ($0.44 billion).ConclusionsThe estimated healthcare cost of DR in Indonesia in 2017 was considerably high, nearly 2% of the 2017 national state budget, and projected to increase significantly to more than threefold in 2025. The highest cost may incur for DR requiring both laser and IVT injection. Therefore, public health intervention to delay or prevent severe DR may substantially reduce the healthcare cost of DR in Indonesia.
Tight control for Crohn’s disease with adalimumab-based treatment is cost-effective: an economic assessment of the CALM trial
Authors: Panaccione Remo , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Travis Simon P L , Bossuyt Peter , Baert Filip , Vaňásek Tomáš , Danalıoğlu Ahmet , Novacek Gottfried , Armuzzi Alessandro , Reinisch Walter , Johnson Scott , Buessing Marric , Neimark Ezequiel , Petersson Joel , Lee Wan-Ju , D’Haens Geert R 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an inflammatory biomarker and clinical symptom directed tight control strategy (TC) compared with symptom-based clinical management (CM) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) naïve to immunosuppressants and biologics using a UK public payer perspective.DesignA regression model estimated weekly CD Activity Index (CDAI)-based transition matrices (remission: CDAI <150, moderate: CDAI ≥150 to <300, severe: CDAI ≥300 to <450, very severe: CDAI ≥450) based on the Effect of Tight Control Management on Crohn’s Disease (CALM) trial. A regression predicted hospitalisations. Health utilities and costs were applied to health states. Work productivity was monetised and included in sensitivity analyses. Remission rate, CD-related hospitalisations, adalimumab injections, other direct medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated.ResultsOver 48 weeks, TC was associated with a higher clinical remission (CDAI <150) rate (58.2% vs 46.8%), fewer CD-related hospitalisations (0.124 vs 0.297 events per patient) and more injections of adalimumab (40 mg sc) (mean 31.0 vs 24.7) than CM. TC was associated with 0.032 higher QALYs and £593 higher total medical costs. The ICER was £18 656 per QALY. The ICER was cost-effective in 57.9% of simulations. TC became dominant, meaning less costly but more effective, when work productivity was included.ConclusionA TC strategy as used in the CALM trial is cost-effective compared with CM. Incorporating costs related to work productivity increases the economic value of TC. Cross-national inferences from this analysis should be made with caution given differences in healthcare systems.Trial registration numberNCT01235689; Results.