bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic aspects of autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Kalinin A P , Potemkina Ye Ye , Pesheva N V , Rafibekov D S 
Published: October 2019

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is one of the most important and relevant problems of modern endocrinology due to the lack of study of the etiology, lack of clarity of pathogenetic mechanisms, and the absence of objective and reliable diagnostic methods, including immunological ones.
The last decade is characterized by the appearance of fundamental works devoted to the immunology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The data need generalization, a critical analysis, since the conclusions of the authors often differ in inconsistency.
AIT takes first place among thyroid diseases. According to V.I. Litvinov, AIT is observed in 20-40% of the adult population, according to foreign authors, in 7.2% of the children. In 90% of cases, hypothyroidism in adults is caused by autoimmune processes, of which 70% is associated with AIT.
The prevalence of the disease is primarily associated with a catastrophic environmental degradation. There are separate studies suggesting that factors associated with urbanization can contribute to the emergence of AIT. M. Podleski et al., N.I. Romanyuk, I.D. Levit revealed a greater incidence of AIT in the urban population compared with the rural one. The effect of iodine on the incidence of AIT is widely studied: a deficiency of a trace element helps to reduce it, and an excess increases it. In the occurrence of AIT, the role of radiation is significant. So, in territories affected by radiation as a result of accidents, AIT is registered 2 times more often (19.2% versus 8.8% in uncharged territory). N.V. Romashkan et al. they associate an increase in the incidence of AIT with increasing general allergization of the population, a significant recent prevalence of viral infections that enhance autoimmunization. The function of the thyroid gland, the peripheral phenotype of T cells and their function are affected by smoking. Nicotine can damage thyroid cells and release thyroglobulin into the blood, and also directly affect the function of T-suppressors.
To date, there are three hypotheses for the pathogenesis of AIT: antigenic damage to the thyroid gland, a defect in specific T-suppressors, and a violation of the regulatory function of thyroid-stimulating hormone. None of the hypotheses is conclusively confirmed. It is possible that all three mechanisms are involved in the emergence and formation of an autoimmune specific process, clinically manifesting themselves in various stages and forms of the disease.
The use of second generation sulfonylurea agents and the role of glurenorm in the therapy of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Balabolkin M. I. , Nedosugova L. B. 
Published: October 2019

Sulfonylurea drugs stimulate the 1st phase of insulin secretion, activate adenylate cyclase, inhibit phosphodiesterase or cause prolonged depolarization of the beta cell membrane. The peripheral effect of the hypoglycemic action of sulfonylurea drugs is mediated through the effect on insulin receptors. It is clearly shown that sulfonylureas lead to an increase in the number of receptors on target cells (hepatocytes, muscle and adipose tissue, lymphocytes and other cells). It is known that patients with type II diabetes mellitus have a decrease in both the number of receptors and their affinity. The increase in the number of receptors on the membrane of target cells is not due to their de novo synthesis, but by improving the return of the receptor to the membrane from the cytosol, where they are translocated as an insulin-receptor complex after the interaction of insulin with the corresponding receptor.
One of the sulfonylurea drugs of the second generation is Gliquidone (glurenorm). This drug has one advantage, distinguishing it from other sulfonylurea drugs. About 95% of the drug is excreted from the body through the gastrointestinal tract, and only 5% is extracted by the kidneys. Therefore, it is the drug of choice in the treatment of diabetic patients with nephropathy, given the fact that the drug is metabolized in the liver and eliminated through the bile ducts into the intestine. Naturally, the question arises of the possibility of its influence on the liver function of patients who have been receiving long-term treatment with glurenorm.
The combination of cystic thyroid changes with cystic changes in other organs
Authors: Murahovskaya E. V. , Katsova I. B. 
Published: October 2019

The combination of cystic changes in the thyroid gland with a violation of its function with cystic changes in other organs is rare and is of practical interest. Thyroid dysfunction can be due to various causes. In the literature, there are a small number of observations of a combination of cystic changes in a number of organs, including the thyroid gland.
The literature describes the combination of congenital cysts of the lungs, kidneys, thyroid gland in a child of 11 months, who was diagnosed with polycystic left kidney and multiple thin-walled cavities in the lower pulmonary field. Left-sided nephrectomy was performed. In 3 years - left-sided hemistrumectomy for macrofollicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. In the dynamics of the patient there was an increase in the size of cysts in the lungs without clinical manifestation. In adults, such changes are not described. This article presents a case of cystic thyroid changes with hyperthyroidism combined with cystic liver and kidney changes.
Didática desenvolvimental e as necessárias reelaborações dos currículos para o ensino de história
Authors: Soares Olavo Pereira 
Published: October 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo identificar as contribuições que os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da didática desenvolvimental Â nos fornecem para análise dos currículos para o ensino de história. Tais contribuições incidem tanto sobre a prescrição quanto ao praticado e nos encaminham para a necessária revisão das concepções sobre as aprendizagens presentes nas atuais propostas curriculares para o ensino da disciplina. Apresentamos dados que foram coletados em pesquisa-ação de caráter colaborativo realizada em escola pública. Tais dados demonstram que as atuais prescrições curriculares dificultam a efetivação de uma prática curricular que possibilite a pesquisa, a produção do conhecimento e o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico por parte dos escolares. Não obstante, os mesmos dados nos possibilita propor modificações nos currículos praticados nas escolas.
Fractional Choquard Equations with Confining Potential With or Without Subcritical Perturbations
Authors: Mugnai Dimitri , Proietti Lippi Edoardo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we consider fractional Choquard equations with confining potentials. First, we show that they admit a positive ground state and infinitely many bound states. Then we prove the existence of two signed solutions when a superlinear and subcritical perturbation is added; in this case, the main feature is that such a perturbation does not satisfy the usual Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition.
Die Juden im Decretum Gratiani
Authors: Friedrich Lotter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although it never entered the Church’s official legal code, the Decretum Gratiani, completed around 1140, systematically summarizes a millennium of ecclesiastical legislature and therefore forms the basis of later canonistic teachings. This applies also to the numerous clauses it contains relating to Jews and Christian-Jewish co-existence. Besides the specific articles that explicitly refer to Jews, importance must be assigned to numerous others which, though they do not expressly name Jews, relate equally to them, and have scarcely been considered in previous analyses. In fact, historical research has also overlooked many of the articles explicitly concerned with Jews. The number of relevant edicts presented in this essay is therefore more than twice that of previous compilations. This extensive material is systematically compiled in groupings: toleration, acknowledgement and legal protection for Jews; efforts at conversion, Christian-Jewish intermarriages, children and slaves of Jews; prevention of proselytising and the apostasy of converts; theological disavowal, rights limitation and suppression of the Jews. In conclusion, the significance of the Decretum Gratiani for the treatment of Jews is examined in comparison with other canonistic collections of the High Middle Ages, and is found to be relatively moderate. The appended tables not only provide a systematic overview of the relevant articles, but also list their origin, and their appearance in the more important pre-Gratian canonical collections.
An architecture of an Intelligent Digital Twin in a Cyber-Physical Production System
Authors: Ashtari Talkhestani Behrang , Jung Tobias , Lindemann Benjamin , Sahlab Nada , Jazdi Nasser , Schloegl Wolfgang , Weyrich Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The role of a Digital Twin is increasingly discussed within the context of Cyber-Physical Production Systems. Accordingly, various architectures for the realization of Digital Twin use cases are conceptualized. There lacks, however, a clear, encompassing architecture covering necessary components of a Digital Twin to realize various use cases in an intelligent automation system.
In this contribution, the added value of a Digital Twin in an intelligent automation system is highlighted and various existing definitions and architectures of the Digital Twin are discussed. Flowingly, an architecture for a Digital Twin and an architecture for an Intelligent Digital Twin and their required components are proposed, with which use cases such as plug and produce, self-x and predictive maintenance are enabled.
In the opinion of the authors, a Digital Twin requires three main characteristics: synchronization with the real asset, active data acquisition from the real environment and the ability of simulation. In addition to all the characteristics of a Digital Twin, an Intelligent Digital Twin must also include the characteristics of Artificial Intelligence. The Intelligent Digital Twin can be used for the realization of the autonomous Cyber-Physical Production Systems.
In order to realize the proposed architecture for a Digital Twin, several methods, namely the Anchor-Point-Method, a method for heterogeneous data acquisition and data integration as well as an agent-based method for the development of a co-simulation between Digital Twins were implemented and evaluated.
The PRORETA 4 City Assistant System
Authors: Schwehr Julian , Luthardt Stefan , Dang Hien , Henzel Maren , Winner Hermann , Adamy Jürgen , Fürnkranz Johannes , Willert Volker , Lattke Benedikt , Höpfl Maximilian , Wannemacher Christoph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The use of machine learning in driver assistance systems allows to significantly enhance their functionalities. In particular, it allows to personalize systems by evaluating the driver’s past behavior. Such personalization is especially relevant for recommendations in maneuvers where the specific maneuver embodiment strongly depends on the driver’s momentary driving style and attention. Led by this idea, PRORETA 4 developed a prototypical City Assistant System, which gives the driver a personalized recommendation in urban scenarios. To adapt the recommendations and warnings appropriately, the system incorporates the learned momentary driving style and the driver’s gaze behavior. In this work, we describe the main functional blocks of the system, present our solutions to major implementation challenges and also discuss the safety of the used learning algorithm.
Stable isotopes of C and H in methane fermentation of agriculture substrates at different temperature conditions
Authors: Kufka Dominika , Bucha Michał , Pleśniak Łukasz , Jędrysek Mariusz Orion 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAgricultural substrates (maize silage and cattle manure) were used to carry out methane fermentation process in bioreactors under laboratory conditions. Identical mixtures of these substrates were incubated for 43 days at 20, 30 and 40ºC to determine how different temperature conditions affect the δ13C(CH4), δH(CH4), and δ13C(CO2) values. To ensure correct anaerobic digestion, the following parameters of the organic substrates and fermentation solutions were monitored: total organic carbon (TOC), volatile solids (VS), volatile fatty acids (VFA), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). The variants with higher incubation temperature yielded higher amounts of biogas (20ºC=84.5, 30ºC=101.8 and 40ºC=133.3 dm3/kg VS). In the case of gas products of methane fermentation, it was observed that the higher temperature of incubation affects the depletion in heavy isotopes. At 20ºC, 30ºC, and 40ºC mean values of δ13C(CH4) reached −26.4, −29.7, and −35.4‰, respectively. Mean values of δ2H(CH4) were −311.6, −354.0, and −398.5permil, and of δ13C(CO2) +8.9, +3.7, and −2.3‰, respectively. Moreover, the apparent fractionation coefficient α13C(CO2-CH4) were calculated, which decreased when the temperature increased. This isotopic tool was used to identify acetoclastic reaction as a dominant methanogenesis pathway. Observed changes in the isotopic composition of gaseous products obtained at different incubation temperatures may indicate decomposition of different carbon sources (e.g. lactate, propionate) to acetate and its fermentation by acetoclastic methanogens. It is possible that this was also related to the observation of the various metabolic models due to the varied methanogenic community composition.
Vom Wiederaufbau zur urbanen Entwicklungspolitik. Die Vereinten Nationen, transnationale Netzwerke und das Problem der Urbanisierung, ca. 1945–1966
Authors: Wolffhardt Tobias 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Diskurse über Wohnungs- und Stadtplanungsfragen waren über weite Teile des 20. Jahrhunderts hinweg ein transnationales Phänomen. Architekten, Stadtplaner und Urbanisten knüpften schon seit Beginn des Jahrhunderts ihre Netzwerke, während transnationale Organisationen den Austausch in Form von Zeitschriften und Konferenzen förderten. Die Perspektiven dieser „Urbanen Internationale“, die bis dato vor allem transatlantisch geprägt waren, weiteten sich aber erst in den zwei Dekaden nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs so aus, dass sie tatsächlich als „global“ bezeichnet werden konnten. Die Dekolonisierung in Asien und Afrika, die Expansion und Institutionalisierung internationaler Entwicklungspolitik und eine zunehmende Wahrnehmung der rapiden Urbanisierung im Globalen Süden bedeuteten, dass zum ersten Mal im internationalen Kontext auf die „weniger entwickelten“ Regionen der Welt zugeschnittene Strategien der urbanen Entwicklungspolitik formuliert wurden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz thematisiert diese Entwicklung aus der Perspektive des zunehmenden Engagements der Vereinten Nation auf diesem Feld zwischen 1945 und 1965. Themen, die hierbei diskutiert werden, sind die Einrichtung einer Abteilung für Wohnungs-, Städtebau- und Bauwirtschaftsfragen im UN-Sekretariat im Zuge der internationalen Kooperation beim Wiederaufbau nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, die Etablierung dieser Abteilung als Zentrum des globalen Austauschs über Fragen der Stadtentwicklung, die von ihr vertretenen Ansätze und Konzepte und die generelle Frage nach den Zusammenhängen zwischen Entwicklung und Urbanisierung.
Full reconstruction of a vector field from restricted Doppler and first integral moment transforms in ℝ
n
Authors: Mishra Rohit Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We show that a vector field in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

can be reconstructed uniquely from the knowledge of restricted Doppler and first integral moment transforms. The line complex we consider consists of all lines passing through a fixed curve

γ
⊂

ℝ
n

{\gamma\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}}

. The question of reconstruction of a symmetric m-tensor field from the knowledge of the first

m
+
1

{m+1}

integral moments was posed by Sharafutdinov [Integral Geometry of Tensor Fields, Inverse Ill-posed Probl. Ser. 1, De Gruyter, Berlin, 1994, p. 78]. In this work, we provide an answer to Sharafutdinov’s question for the case of vector fields from restricted data comprising of the first two integral moment transforms.
Determination of the impulsive Sturm–Liouville operator from a set of eigenvalues
Authors: Zhang Ran , Xu Xiao-Chuan , Yang Chuan-Fu , Bondarenko Natalia Pavlovna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, we consider the inverse spectral problem for the impulsive Sturm–Liouville problem on

(
0
,
π
)

{(0,\pi)}

with the Robin boundary conditions and the jump conditions at the point

π
2

{\frac{\pi}{2}}

. We prove that the potential

M
⁢

(
x
)

{M(x)}

on the whole interval and the parameters in the boundary conditions and jump conditions can be determined from a set of eigenvalues for two cases: (i) the potential

M
⁢

(
x
)

{M(x)}

is given on

(
0
,

(

1
+
α

)

⁢
π

4

)

{(0,\frac{(1+\alpha)\pi}{4})}

; (ii) the potential

M
⁢

(
x
)

{M(x)}

is given on

(

(

1
+
α

)

⁢
π

4

,
π
)

{(\frac{(1+\alpha)\pi}{4},\pi)}

, where

0
<
α
<
1

{0<\alpha<1}

, respectively. It is also shown that the potential and all the parameters can be uniquely recovered by one spectrum and some information on the eigenfunctions at some interior point.
Total Score of Athleticism: Holistic Athlete Profiling to Enhance Decision-Making
Authors: Turner Anthony N. , Jones Ben , Stewart Perry , Bishop Chris , Parmar Nimai , Chavda Shyam , Read Paul 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Oftentimes, the various coaching staff, sport science, and medical practitioners of a sports club require a single, holistic indication of an athlete's athleticism. Currently, there is no consensus on how this is best defined, and thus, a total score of athleticism (TSA) may provide one such method. The TSA is derived from the average of Z-scores (or T-scores in the case of small samples) from a sport-specific testing battery, ensuring athletes are judged across all the relevant fitness capacities that best define the physical demands of competition. To aid readers in using the TSA, this article also details how it is computed in EXCEL.
The Cofilin/Limk1 Pathway Controls the Growth Rate of Both Developing and Regenerating Motor Axons
Authors: Frendo Michele E. , da Silva Alexandra , Phan Keith D. , Riche Soizic , Butler Samantha J. 
Published: October 2019

Regenerating axons often have to grow considerable distances to reestablish circuits, making functional recovery a lengthy process. One solution to this problem would be to co-opt the “temporal” guidance mechanisms that control the rate of axon growth during development to accelerate the rate at which nerves regenerate in adults. We have previously found that the loss of Limk1, a negative regulator of cofilin, accelerates the rate of spinal commissural axon growth. Here, we use mouse models to show that spinal motor axon outgrowth is similarly promoted by the loss of Limk1, suggesting that temporal guidance mechanisms are widely used during development. Furthermore, we find that the regulation of cofilin activity is an acute response to nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system. Within hours of a sciatic nerve injury, the level of phosphorylated cofilin dramatically increases at the lesion site, in a Limk1-dependent manner. This response may be a major constraint on the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration. Proof-of-principle experiments show that elevating cofilin activity, through the loss of Limk1, results in faster sciatic nerve growth, and improved recovery of some sensory and motor function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe studies shed light on an endogenous, shared mechanism that controls the rate at which developing and regenerating axons grow. An understanding of these mechanisms is key for developing therapies to reduce painful recovery times for nerve-injury patients, by accelerating the rate at which damaged nerves reconnect with their synaptic targets.
Hair Bundle Stimulation Mode Modifies Manifestations of Mechanotransduction Adaptation
Authors: Caprara Giusy A. , Mecca Andrew A. , Wang Yanli , Ricci Anthony J. , Peng Anthony W. 
Published: October 2019

Sound detection in auditory sensory hair cells depends on the deflection of the stereocilia hair bundle which opens mechano-electric transduction (MET) channels. Adaptation is hypothesized to be a critical property of MET that contributes to the auditory system's wide dynamic range and sharp frequency selectivity. Our recent work using a stiff probe to displace hair bundles showed that the fastest adaptation mechanism (fast adaptation) does not require calcium entry. Using fluid-jet stimuli, others obtained data showing only a calcium-dependent fast adaptation response. Because cochlear stereocilia do not move coherently and the hair cell response depends critically on the magnitude and time course of the hair bundle deflection, we developed a high-speed imaging technique to quantify this deflection in rat cochlear hair cells. The fluid jet delivers a force stimulus, and force steps lead to a complex time course of hair bundle displacement (mechanical creep), which affects the hair cell's macroscopic MET current response by masking the time course of the fast adaptation response. Modifying the fluid-jet stimulus to generate a hair bundle displacement step produced rapidly adapting currents that did not depend on membrane potential, confirming that fast adaptation does not depend on calcium entry. MET current responses differ with stimulus modality and will shape receptor potentials of different hair cell types based on theirin vivostimulus mode. These transformations will directly affect how stimuli are encoded.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMechanotransduction by sensory hair cells represents a key first step for the sound sensing ability in vertebrates. The sharp frequency tuning and wide dynamic range of sound sensation are hypothesized to require a mechanotransduction adaptation mechanism. Recent work indicated that the apparent calcium dependence of the fastest adaptation differs with the method of cochlear hair cell stimulation. Here, we reconcile existing data and show that calcium entry does not drive the fastest adaptation process, independent of the stimulation method. With force stimulation of the hair bundle, adaptation manifests differently than with displacement stimulation, indicating that the stimulation mode of the hair bundle will affect the hair cell receptor current and stimulus coding.
Regeneration Rosetta: An Interactive Web Application To Explore Regeneration-Associated Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility
Authors: Rau Andrea , Dhara Sumona P , Udvadia Ava J , Auer Paul L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Time-course high-throughput assays of gene expression and enhancer usage in zebrafish provide a valuable characterization of the dynamic mechanisms governing gene regulatory programs during CNS axon regeneration. To facilitate the exploration and functional interpretation of a set of fully-processed data on regeneration-associated temporal transcription networks, we have created an interactive web application called Regeneration Rosetta. Using either built-in or user-provided lists of genes in one of dozens of supported organisms, our web application facilitates the (1) visualization of clustered temporal expression trends; (2) identification of proximal and distal regions of accessible chromatin to expedite downstream motif analysis; and (3) description of enriched functional gene ontology categories. By enabling a straightforward interrogation of these rich data without extensive bioinformatic expertise, Regeneration Rosetta is broadly useful for both a deep investigation of time-dependent regulation during regeneration in zebrafish and hypothesis generation in other organisms.