bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of stream temperature and human disturbance on prespawn mortality of Chinook Salmon in the Willamette River basin
Authors: Carey Katherine C. , Kent Michael , Schreck Carl B. , Couch Claire E. , Whitman Luke , Peterson James T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Premature mortality of adult female Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is a major barrier to population recovery. The Willamette River basin, Oregon, typifies the problems that are faced by fishery managers in the Pacific Northwest (USA). Adult salmon are trapped and transported upstream of dams to access historical spawning grounds, but annual rates of prespawn mortality (PSM) are high (often &gt;40%) and may limit the recovery of natural populations. The purpose of this study was to identify potential factors related to PSM of female Chinook Salmon that are outplanted above dams and incorporate them into a modeling framework to facilitate adaptive management of outplanting operations.

Methods
We evaluated PSM in Fall Creek of the Willamette River basin prior to transport facility improvements in summer and fall of 2010–2017 and postimprovement during 2020–2021. We estimated PSM and conducted exploratory analyses to identify possible nontransport sources of stress that may contribute to the observed high PSM rates. Candidate factors included long-term elevated temperature exposure, elevated temperature exposure below the trap, total number of outplanted fish, and monthly human disturbance of outplanted fish. We then developed and fit three models, each representing a hypothesis of a factor influencing PSM, incorporated them into a single alternative decision model, and conducted sensitivity analyses.

Result
Prespawn mortality averaged 0.66 (ranging from 0.37 to 0.94) over the study period. According to the simulation results, the top two management actions were to exclude human activities—swimming and fishing—from Fall Creek in July and August.

Conclusion
Expected PSM rates were predicted to be 0.38 when human activity was excluded in July and 0.37 for August. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the most influential decision model component was the choice of the alternative model.
Handling effects on dispersal of PIT-tagged Flannelmouth Sucker
Authors: Bonjour Sophia M. , Gido Keith B. , McKinstry Mark C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Handling and tagging migrating fish might alter their behavior, limiting inference from mark–recapture studies. Posthandling flight of tributary spawning Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis was previously identified in Coal Creek in the upper Colorado River basin. Our objective was to determine if similar issues were present at McElmo Creek in the San Juan River basin.

Methods
We compared emigration timing of Flannelmouth Sucker that had been handled and tagged with passive integrated transponder tags during their tributary spawning run to individuals tagged in previous years and detected both entering and exiting the tributary. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to exit timing.

Result
Sex and tagging year were associated with emigration timing, but handling did not result in posthandling flight from McElmo Creek. Females exited the tributary ~3 days before males, and larger fish emigrated earlier than smaller adults.

Conclusion
Differences in capture technique and timing, available spawning habitat, and fish motivation across river systems may contribute to differences in posthandling emigration of tributary spawning Flannelmouth Sucker.
Constraint Realization‐Based Hamel Field Integrator for Geometrically Exact Planar Euler–Bernoulli Beam Dynamics
Authors: Wang Benliang , Shi Donghua , Yi Zhonggui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we first introduce a Hamel field integrator designed for a geometrically exact Euler–Bernoulli beam with infinite‐dimensional holonomic constraints, constructed using a Lagrange multiplier. This method addresses the complexities introduced by constraints, but the additional multiplier introduces a new degree of freedom and hence results in a system with mixed‐type partial differential equations. To address this issue, we further propose a constraint realization method based on perturbation theory for infinite‐dimensional mechanical systems within the framework of Hamel's formalism. This method circumvents the use of additional Lagrange multiplier, significantly reducing the computational complexity of modeling problems. Building on this, we construct a perturbed Hamel field integrator optimized for parallel computing and incorporate artificial viscosity to accelerate constraint convergence. While applicable to three dimensions, our method is demonstrated in a simplified context using planar Euler–Bernoulli beam examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the unified mathematical framework.
Real‐world predictors of severe psychological distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan: Insights from a large‐scale internet‐based cohort study
Authors: Tokumitsu Keita , Sugawara Norio , Tabuchi Takahiro , Yasui‐Furukori Norio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had negative physical and psychological impacts worldwide. However, there has been a lack of real‐world evidence concerning the predictors of severe psychological distress (SPD) among the general population in Japan during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine predictors of SPD during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe investigated the predictors of new‐onset SPD in the general Japanese population using data from a large‐scale internet‐based cohort study.ResultsWe included 16 489 study participants (age range = 16–81, mean age = 52.7, percentage of male = 50%) in the analysis. Over the course of 1 year from baseline, the estimated proportion of participants who experienced SPD was 5.2% with inverse probability weighting. The predictors of SPD included younger age, being never married, being unemployed, having a higher education background, scoring higher on the Fear of Coronavirus‐19 Scale, experiencing more adverse childhood experiences, reporting poorer subjective health status, and COVID‐19 with oxygen therapy. Our internet‐based survey of the Japanese population may have selection bias, limiting the generalizability to other countries and cultures.ConclusionThis study revealed that being afflicted with COVID‐19 requiring oxygen therapy is the most significant predictor of SPD. In addition, we found that vulnerability to social isolation, such as never being unmarried, anxiety toward COVID‐19, and susceptibility to stress, are predictors of the emergence of SPD. Therefore, the implementation of online support systems and ensuring access to accurate information may protect against SPD during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan.
A Consistent and Well‐Balanced Hybrid Weighted Essentially Non‐Oscillatory Scheme for Shallow Water Equations on Unstructured Meshes
Authors: Qian Cunxin , Lu Changna , Liu Liyu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, a type of high‐order consistent and well‐balanced hybrid weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) scheme is proposed for shallow water equations with flat or non‐flat bottom on unstructured triangular meshes. The hybrid scheme presents a new consistent discretization format on the flux and the source term with the goal of obtaining a hybridization of the high‐order WENO scheme and linear scheme. According to the modified multi‐resolution analysis approach, we can select the more robust and accurate WENO reconstruction in the vicinity of discontinuities, and the less expensive linear reconstruction in the smooth regions. As a result, the suggested hybrid WENO scheme can acquire the capacity of saving the computing time cost while maintaining the excellent numerical features of the original WENO scheme. Eventually, some extensive and classical two‐dimensional numerical examples, including a tidal bore of an estuary with an irregular computation area are provided to validate the performance of this hybrid WENO scheme on triangular meshes in terms of accuracy order, exact conservation property, shock‐capturing, good resolution, and computational efficiency.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Pediatric Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Down Syndrome Patients
Authors: Nowlen Frances , Scheffler Patrick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the cost‐effectiveness of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) implantation at an early age in simulated pediatric cohorts with Down Syndrome (DS) and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study DesignCost‐utility analysis.SettingHypothetical cohort.MethodsA Markov model simulated 3 pediatric cohorts with DS and OSA beginning at age 4 years until 21 years. Cohorts received HGNS implants in early childhood, late childhood, or adulthood at age 4, 13 (current FDA‐approved age), or 18 years, respectively. Input model parameters were obtained from the literature and our institution. Outcomes were measured with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER), measured in dollars per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY). Deterministic 1‐way sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of parameter uncertainty.ResultsResults (total costs; total QALYs) across the time horizon were determined for each cohort: early implantation ($83,300.35; 15.79), late ($48,319.09; 14.98), and adult ($38,721.07; 14.55). ICERs were $48,892.47 per QALY for early vs late implantation, $43,471.15 per QALY for early vs adult implantation, and $30,959.58 per QALY for late vs adult implantation. All ICERs were below a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY. Varying the discount rate and utility expectedly varied the ICERs and cost‐effectiveness. Threshold analysis showed early implantation to be cost‐effective for a HGNS implantation cost up to $62,230 compared to late implantation.ConclusionThe current study suggests HGNS is a cost‐effective treatment strategy for pediatric patients with DS and severe OSA. Our findings also suggest cost‐effectiveness at ages younger than 13, the current age of FDA approval.
The Effects of Metformin on Cisplatin‐Induced Ototoxicity in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Nader Marc‐Elie , Choi Jonathan , Hernandez Mike , Hutcheson Katherine , Myers Taylor , Jivani Shirin , Pratihar Rajarshi , Fernandez Katharine , Phan Jack , You Chelsea , Gidley Paul W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveOtotoxicity is an important side effect of cisplatin. Recent animal and in vitro studies suggest metformin may protect hearing, though human studies are lacking. We report the first retrospective clinical study exploring the effects of metformin on cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control.SettingTertiary‐care center.MethodsWe reviewed all diabetic patients treated with cisplatin who were enrolled in an auditory monitoring program between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2018. Patients were grouped according to their use of metformin at the time of chemotherapy. Demographics, oncologic diagnosis and treatment, and prior noise exposure were recorded. Audiometric thresholds were compared before and after chemotherapy. The primary outcome measure was a change in hearing as defined by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Secondary measures of ototoxicity included changes in hearing using the American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association (ASHA) and TUNE criteria.ResultsSeventy‐two diabetic patients met the inclusion criteria. Forty‐six patients had taken metformin while on chemotherapy and 26 had not. The proportion of hearing loss as defined by both, CTCAE and ASHA criteria, was more than double in the metformin group relative to the nonmetformin group (CTCAE: 54.4% vs 19.2%, P = .004; ASHA: 62.2% vs 28.0%, P = .003). None of the potential covariates believed to be confounders were significantly associated with the outcome of multivariable analysis.ConclusionContrary to expectations from preclinical data, metformin did not reduce the incidence of hearing loss in patients receiving cisplatin and may, in fact, be associated with an increased risk.
Efficient Cleavage of pUC19 DNA by Tetraaminonaphthols
Authors: Kost Catharina , Scheffer Ute , Kalden Elisabeth , Göbel Michael Wilhelm 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn an attempt to create models of phosphodiesterases, we previously investigated bis(guanidinium) naphthols. Such metal‐free anion receptors cleaved aryl phosphates and also plasmid DNA. Observed reaction rates, however, could not compete with those of highly reactive metal complexes. In the present study, we have replaced the guanidines by ethylene diamine side chains which accelerates the plasmid cleavage by compound 13 significantly (1 mM 13: t1/2=22 h). Further gains in reactivity are achieved by azo coupling of the naphthol unit. The electron accepting azo group decreases the pKa of the hydroxy group. It can also serve as a dye label and a handle for attaching DNA binding moieties. The resulting azo naphthol 17 not only nicks (1 mM 17: t1/2~1 h) but also linearizes pUC19 DNA. Although the high reactivity of 17 seems to result in part from aggregation, in the presence of EDTA azo naphthol 17 obeys first order kinetics (1 mM 17: t1/2=4.8 h), reacts four times faster than naphthol 13 and surpasses by far the former bis(guanidinium) naphthols 4 and 5.
Multicancer Early Detection Tests: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review for Otolaryngologists
Authors: Kennedy Elena , Durm Greg , Farlow Janice L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a review of the science and applicability of current multi‐cancer early detection (MCED) tests for otolaryngologists.Data SourcesPubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, company websites.Review MethodsUsing PRISMA methodology, primary literature regarding MCED tests was queried from April 26 to May 12, 2024 using MCED search terms. Ongoing clinical trials incorporating MCED screens were identified via the National Institutes of Health clinicaltrials.gov website. Company websites for available or upcoming MCED tests were reviewed.ConclusionLong‐term robust data regarding the performance characteristics, effects on clinical outcomes, and cost‐utility of MCED tests for head and neck cancer are currently lacking. Otolaryngologists should be aware of the implications of MCED tests as these assays become more widely used.Implications for PracticeAlthough not FDA‐approved or covered by insurances at the time of writing of this manuscript, MCED testing is rapidly gaining interest, and patients with positive tests are presenting to otolaryngologists for evaluation. While MCED technologies hold great promise for early detection of disease and potential reduction of morbidity and mortality, more study is needed about their utility for head and neck cancer and optimal diagnostic workflows.
The impact of U.S. economic sanctions on corporate innovation and fraud
Authors: Bazrafshan Ameneh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEconomic sanctions have increasingly become a pivotal tool in modern foreign policy, especially in the context of U.S. international strategy. Despite their growing significance, there is a notable lack of empirical research on how these sanctions affect corporate behavior. This study aims to explore the impact of U.S. economic sanctions on innovation and fraudulent activities within Iranian firms subjected to these measures. Utilizing a difference‐in‐differences approach, the findings reveal a weak and negative relationship between sanctions and innovation, while no significant link is found between sanctions and fraudulent activities. Notably, the study uncovers a substantial divergence in companies' responses to sanctions based on their innovation background. Companies with a strong innovation background experience a significant increase in innovation efforts and a corresponding decline in fraudulent behavior upon facing sanctions. In contrast, companies lacking an established innovation background exhibit a reduction in innovation and, in turn, an escalation in fraudulent practices in response to sanctions. These findings remain robust across various sensitivity analyses. This research contributes to the expanding body of empirical literature on sanction outcomes by highlighting the profound impact of innovation background on the responsible and ethical decisions made by sanctioned companies.
A facile method for carbon nanotube/carbon fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid composites
Authors: Cao Jiandong , Gao Yan , Li Guohao , He Bohui , Ren Shangyuan , Bai Yongxiao , Wang Fushan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe mechanical strength of polylactic acid (PLA) can be improved by carbon fiber (CF) compositing to expand its application in tissue engineering scaffolds. However, the mechanical strength of CF‐reinforced polylactic acid (CFRPLA) composites is compromised due to weak interfacial interaction resulting from the chemically inert surface of CF. In the article, carbon nanotube (CNT) with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as a coupling agent was covered on CF to improve the chemical activity and roughness of the surface of CF, and then the as‐prepared CF‐PCNT were further incorporated into PLA via melt compounding. The yield strength, modulus, and thermal conductivity of PLA/CF‐PCNT were 14.09%, 7.65%, and 5.24% higher than those of PLA/CF, respectively, and the volume resistivity was 99.74% lower at a 10 wt% loading. The enhancement for the mechanical properties of PLA/CF‐PCNT composites could be ascribed to the mechanical locking, hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds between CF and matrix through the interface modulation of CNT and PDDA. This facile and non‐destructive method offers a novel strategy for the modification of CF fillers.Highlights
CF was modified by PDDA and CNT through a facile and non‐destructive method.
The active functional groups and roughness on the surface of CF were increased.
The surfaces of CFs were characterized by FT‐IR, Raman spectra, XPS and SEM.
The interface was improved by mechanical locking, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
The mechanical strength, electrical and thermal conductivity of composites were improved.
Wear performance of antibacterial dental composite with Salvadora persica extract and hydroxyapatite as fillers
Authors: Chaaben Rihem , Ayedi Ayman , Elleuch Khaled 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe characterization of S. persica (Salvadora persica) extract, which involved evaluating its antibacterial activity, demonstrated the extract's strong efficacy. Additionally, incorporating it into PMMA/HA showcased the composite's good antibacterial activity. The objective of this work is to evaluate how the incorporation of S. persica extract affects the wear resistance of the dental composite PMMA/HA, considering the critical importance of wear resistance in dental applications. The wear response of this biocomposite was tested against an Alumina ball using a pin‐on‐disc tribometer. Initially, the hydroxyapatite (HA) micro particles demonstrate a remarkable influence on wear behavior when incorporated at an optimal percentage (10%wt). This optimal inclusion rate not only significantly increases the wear rate but also instigates a shift in the wear mechanism, favoring abrasive wear while minimizing adhesive wear comparing to PMMA. The addition of the extract nanoparticles to the composite PMMA/HA decreases the wear rate except the composite containing 10 wt% of each filler. Additionally, it introduces adhesive wear, in addition to the existing fatigue and abrasion wear. Thus, the composite PMMA/HA could accommodate up to 10 wt% of the S. persica extract as the optimal percentage that provides antibacterial activity to this biocomposite without exhibiting a deterioration in wear performance.Highlights
The evaluation of the effect of incorporating S. persica extract, which provides antibacterial activity, on the wear resistance of the PMMA/HA dental composite generally demonstrates a reduction in this property.
The addition of S. persica extract introduces adhesive wear in addition to the fatigue and abrasion wear already present in the PMMA/HA composite.
The composite PMMA/HA can accommodate up to 10 wt% of S. persica extract without compromising its wear performance.
ECLIPSES: Early initiation of sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors for cardiovascular protection in patients with type 2 diabetes following acute coronary syndrome and subsequent coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Makortoff Lena , Then Karen L. , Dutchak Melissa , Lin Meng , Youngson Erik , Harten Cheryl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is a paucity of data evaluating early initiation of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with diabetes following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).ObjectivesTo describe the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i initiated early after CABG in patients with type 2 diabetes who experienced ACS.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who experienced ACS and subsequent CABG with follow up at 3 and 12 months. Patients who filled a SGLT2i prescription within 14 days of discharge were allocated to the SGLT2i group and those who did not were included in the no SGLT2i group. The primary efficacy end point was first occurrence of a 4‐point Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE), and the primary safety end point was a composite of hypoglycemia, hypotension, diabetic ketoacidosis, acute kidney injury, and urinary tract infection. Secondary end points included a comparative analysis of the primary outcome, 30‐day readmission rates, and subgroup analyses of key populations.ResultsA total of 1629 patients were included: 226 received a SGLT2i within 14 days of discharge and 1403 did not. At 12 months, 8.9% and 15.3% of patients experienced MACE in the SGLT2i and no SGLT2i groups, respectively (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41–1.04). The primary safety outcome occurred in 12.0% of the SGLT2i group and 19.1% of the no SGLT2i group at 12 months (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.45–1.01).ConclusionEarly initiation of SGLT2i use was not associated with a reduction in MACE in patients with T2DM who experienced ACS and underwent subsequent CABG surgery. However, no apparent safety concerns were identified. Adequately powered trials are required to confirm this finding.