bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a new pan-enteric video capsule endoscopy system in patients with suspected or established inflammatory bowel disease – feasibility study
Authors: Eliakim Rami , Spada Cristiano , Lapidus Alon , Eyal Inbal , Pecere Silvia , Fernández-Urién Ignacio , Lahat Adi , Costamagna Guido , Schwartz Avraham , Ron Yulia , Yanai Henit , Adler Samuel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects the small bowel and colon. Endoscopic evaluation of these organs is essential. The new pan-enteric Crohn’s capsule (PCC) system is customized for complete coverage of IBD lesions in the entire bowel, allowing assessment and follow-up of disease severity and extent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality of the PCC system in patients with suspected or established IBD.
Patients and methods This was a prospective five-center feasibility study assessing the performance of PCC. Subjects ingested PCC after patency assurance with standard bowel preparation plus boosts. The primary endpoint was successful procedure, that is, video creation and report generation in accordance with methodology. Secondary endpoints were subjective coverage of the entire bowel, duration of reading time, video quality and occurrence of adverse events.
Results Forty-one patients were included in the study with a mean age of 40.8 years ± 15.5, 46 % of whom were males. Seventy-one percent of patients had established Crohn’s disease (CD) and 53 % had active disease. Cleansing was graded good/excellent in 95 %. All 41 videos met the primary endpoint. There was no retention, 83 % reached the toilet while still recording. Thirty-one percent of patients with CD had proximal disease. Bowel coverage was graded 6.7 ± 0.6 and 6.1 ± 1.3 (1 – 7, unconfident – confident), image quality 6.1 ± 0.8 (1 – 7, poor – excellent), and reading time 3.7 ± 1.4 (1 – 7, very short to very long).
Conclusions The PCC system is a minimally invasive system allowing extensive evaluation of the entire bowel in patients with IBD.
Reproducibility, Accuracy and Effect of Autoclave Sterilization on a Thermoplastic Three-Dimensional Model Printed by a Desktop Fused Deposition Modelling Three-Dimensional Printer
Authors: Fournet Alexandre , Bassanino Jean , Manassero Mathieu , Bedu Anne-Sophie , Leperlier Dimitri , Boursier Jean-François 
Published: October 2018

Objectives The main purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility and accuracy of a three-dimensional (3D) bone model printed on a desktop 3D-printer based on fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology with polylactic acid (PLA) and the effect of autoclave sterilization on the printed models.
Methods Computed tomographic images of the tibia were obtained from 10 feline cadavers, used to create a bone surface-rendering file and sent to the 3D printing software. Right and left tibias were each printed five times with the FDM desktop 3D printer using PLA plastic material. Plastic models and cadaveric bones were measured with a profile projector device at six predetermined landmarks. Plastic bones were then sterilized using an autoclave before being re-measured applying the same method. Analyses of printed model size reliability were conducted using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots.
Results The ICC always showed an almost perfect agreement when comparing 3D-printed models issued from the same cadaveric bone. The ICC showed moderate agreement for one measurement and strong/perfect agreement for others when comparing a cadaveric bone with the corresponding 3D model. Concerning the comparison of the same 3D-printed model, before and after sterilization, ICC showed either strong or perfect agreement.
Clinical Significance Rapid-prototyping with our FDM desktop 3D-printer using PLA was an accurate, a reproducible and a sterilization-compliant way to obtain 3D plastic models.
Gender-Related Facial Surgical Goals
Authors: Somenek Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the last several years, there has been an increasing demand for surgical facial feminization or masculinization to treat the gender dysphoric patient. However, while aesthetic ideals for facial rejuvenation are well described and taught, there is a relative paucity of literature on how to achieve a feminine or masculine morphology. It is thus becoming increasingly important for facial plastic surgeons to understand patient goals regarding facial feminization or masculinization, and to have a systematic approach for analyzing the female and male face.
Selecting the Best Eyelid Techniques
Authors: Bayrak Sinehan , Kriet John , Humphrey Clint 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe periorbital region is a focal point on the face. Dermatochalasis, fat herniation, blepharoptosis, brow ptosis, deep tear troughs, and malar fat pad descent are all age-related changes that occur around the eyes, and successful rejuvenation involves addressing all of these changes. Restoring a youthful, vibrant appearance to the eyes and periorbital areas can often only be accomplished with a combination of surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Facial plastic surgeons should have a comprehensive knowledge of all of these options and their applications to ensure good patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Atypical Carcinoid Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Ureter: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yuen Huay , Rix Gerald , Sen Soumadri , Kusuma Venkata 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the ureter are rare, with less than 40 cases described in the literature. A majority of tumors described are poorly differentiated tumors with a poor prognosis. We present the case of a moderately differentiated atypical carcinoid NET of the ureter with a good postoperative outcome. A literature review was also performed to identify similar cases to compare their management and postoperative outcomes.
C-type lectin receptor LSECtin-mediated apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages directs intestinal repair in experimental colitis
Authors: Yang Zaopeng , Li Qian , Wang Xin , Jiang Xuepei , Zhao Dianyuan , Lin Xin , He Fuchu , Tang Li 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The clearance of apoptotic cells is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, and myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) may be prominently involved in the clearance of dying cells and their debris. Here, we report that the CLR member LSECtin is expressed on macrophages, which are engaged in corpse clearance. This engulfment progress by macrophages through LSECtin is critical for intestinal healing. Loss of LSECtin promotes dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis due to unrepaired intestinal epithelium. These results indicate that corpse clearance by macrophages can direct intestinal regeneration. These findings advance understanding of how homeostasis is maintained within the mucosa.
Introduction
Authors: Bonnet Andreas , Siemund Peter 
Published: October 2018

We begin this contribution by briefly explaining the rationale and structure of this volume, but our principal aim here lies in providing a synopsis and synthesis of linguistic and educational approaches to multilingualism and foreign language education in such societal settings. For this purpose, we first of all offer crucial background information on current processes of globalization and the newly emerging multilingual societies, as these appear in a variety of forms. Multilingual societies, in turn, witness diverse settings and modes of language acquisition and learning in which especially the phenomenon of cross-linguistic influence becomes a factor that needs to be taken into consideration and deserves to be explored. We therefore offer a brief state-of-the-art report on language learning on multilingual substrate, before addressing multilingualism as an educational phenomenon including its role and relevance in the foreign language classroom. This furnishes several perspectives, notably that of the learner, the institution, the educational goals, and the requisite methodologies. Individual – and in a different sense also societal – multilingualism is widely assumed to increase metalinguistic awareness, which, in turn, has been argued to facilitate language learning, even though the precise boundary conditions allowing for such facilitative effects are still little understood, nor what facilitation exactly can be taken to mean. We in principle sympathize with the idea of multilingual facilitation effects on foreign language education, not least because language remains an important means to construct and enact individual and social identities and power relations. We also have to acknowledge, though, that the variety of linguistic, psychological and sociological influences on multilingual language acquisition and education is very difficult to control for and hard to factor in. In this sense, our volume needs to be regarded as a first step towards a better understanding of foreign language education in multilingual classrooms, but it is clear that this complicated subject matter urgently requires additional work.
The acquisition of English as an L3 from a sociocultural point of view
Authors: Bonnet Andreas , Jacob Larissa , Schäfer Annika , Schmidt Torben 
Published: October 2018

The German reality of linguistic diversity and multilingualism as an outcome of internationalization, migration and globalization is finally being acknowledged by the integration, promotion and implementation of multilingualism in German educational institutions. There is however little empirical evidence on the situation of young, multilingual foreign language learners – findings of large scale and several case studies remain inconclusive to allow for a definitive modelling of third language acquisition. This chapter aims at offering insights into two current exploratory case studies of multilingual learners in primary schools and lower secondary level of education in Germany in order to examine the acquisition of English as a tertiary language from a sociocultural point of view. Following a qualitative approach these projects try to illuminate processes of third language acquisition from the learners’ perspective by conducting reconstructive and narrative methods to capture language learning experiences and processes and their interplay with identity construction. In these two exploratory case studies open and age-appropriate interviews were conducted combined with non-verbal procedures. The data was analysed with the use of the documentary method. The here presented cases, which show a maximum contrast with regard to their orientation towards their foreign language classroom, suggest that there is a strong connection between FL acquisition and identity formation and that its quality is determined by the students’ linguistic and cultural identity, their theory of language acquisition, their attitude towards English and other languages and their perception of FL classroom practice.
Breastfeeding exclusivity and duration: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982–2015
Authors: Santos Iná S , Barros Fernando C , Horta Bernardo L , Menezes Ana M B , Bassani Diego , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Lima Natália P , Victora Cesar G ,   Pelotas Cohorts Study Group, Barros Aluisio J D , Matijasevich Alicia , Bertoldi Andrea Dâmaso , Wehrmeister Fernando C , Gonçalves Helen , Murray Joseph , Assunção Maria Cecilia F , Silveira Mariangela F , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Hallal Pedro R C 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Brazil has made substantial improvements in the duration of breastfeeding. We use data from four population-based cohorts to examine how trends and inequalities in breastfeeding indicators changed over time in a Brazilian city.

Methods
Data from four birth cohorts, each including all births in a calendar year (1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015) in the city of Pelotas were used. Information on breastfeeding was collected when children were aged between 3 and 20 months. The prevalences of continued breastfeeding at 1 year of age and of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months were calculated according to family income, maternal skin colour and sex.

Results
Prevalence of breastfeeding at 12 months increased from 16% to 41% in the 33-year period. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months increased from 7% in 1993 to 45% in 2015. Increases in exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months were seen in all socioeconomic groups, but the 2015 rates remain highest (57.2%) among the women in the richest quintile, and lowest among those in the poorest quintile (34.6%). Black mothers were more likely to breastfeed at 12 months than Whites in the four cohorts. In the earlier cohorts, breastfeeding at 12 months was more common among the poor, but by 2015 these differences had disappeared.

Conclusions
There were important positive changes in breastfeeding practices during this period, but less than half of the children in 2015 were receiving the full benefits of breast milk. Improved breastfeeding practices are being adopted by high-income women to a greater extent than by poor women.
Esrrb plays important roles in maintaining self-renewal of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and reprogramming somatic cells to induced TSCs
Authors: Gao Haibo , Gao Rui , Zhang Linfeng , Xiu Wenchao , Zang Ruge , Wang Hong , Zhang Yong , Chen Jiayu , Gao Yawei , Gao Shaorong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTrophoblast stem cells (TSCs), which can be derived from the trophoectoderm of a blastocyst, have the ability to sustain self-renewal and differentiate into various placental trophoblast cell types. Meanwhile, essential insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling the placental development can be gained by using TSCs as the cell model. Esrrb is a transcription factor that has been shown to play pivotal roles in both embryonic stem cell (ESC) and TSC, but the precise mechanism whereby Esrrb regulates TSC-specific transcriptome during differentiation and reprogramming is still largely unknown. In the present study, we elucidate the function of Esrrb in self-renewal and differentiation of TSCs, as well as during the induced TSC (iTSC) reprogramming. We demonstrate that the precise level of Esrrb is critical for stem state maintenance and further trophoblast differentiation of TSCs, as ectopically expressed Esrrb can partially block the rapid differentiation of TSCs in the absence of fibroblast growth factor 4. However, Esrrb depletion results in downregulation of certain key TSC-specific transcription factors, consequently causing a rapid differentiation of TSCs and these Esrrb-deficient TSCs lose the ability of hemorrhagic lesion formation in vivo. This function of Esrrb is exerted by directly binding and activating a core set of TSC-specific target genes including Cdx2, Eomes, Sox2, Fgfr4, and Bmp4. Furthermore, we show that Esrrb overexpression can facilitate the MEF-to-iTSC conversion. Moreover, Esrrb can substitute for Eomes to generate GEsTM-iTSCs. Thus, our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of Esrrb in maintaining TSC self-renewal and during iTSC reprogramming.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Within an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Brain Bank Cohort
Authors: Walt Gabriel S , Burris Hannah M , Brady Christopher B , Spencer Keith R , Alvarez Victor E , Huber Bertrand R , Guilderson Latease , Abdul Rauf Nazifa , Collins Derek , Singh Tarnjit , Mathias Rebecca , Averill James G , Walker Sean E , Robey Ian , McKee Ann C , Kowall Neil W , Stein Thor D 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to repetitive head impacts and has been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal, degenerative neuromuscular disorder. The Department of Veterans Affairs Biorepository Brain Bank (VABBB) is a tissue repository that collects antemortem disease progression data and postmortem central nervous system tissue from veterans with ALS. We set out to determine the frequency of co-morbid ALS and CTE in the VABBB cohort and to characterize the clinical, genetic, and pathological distinctions between participants with ALS only and those with both ALS and CTE (ALS+CTE). Of 155 participants, 9 (5.8%) had neuropathologically confirmed ALS+CTE. Participants with ALS+CTE were more likely to have a history of traumatic brain injury (p < 0.001), served during the first Persian Gulf War (p < 0.05), and to have more severe tau pathology within the frontal cortex and spinal cord (p < 0.05). The most common exposures to head impacts included contact sports (n = 5) and military service (n = 2). Clinically, participants with ALS+CTE were more likely to have bulbar onset ALS (p = 0.006), behavioral changes (p = 0.002), and/or mood changes (p < 0.001). Overall, compared with ALS in isolation, comorbid ALS+CTE is associated with a history of TBI and has a distinct clinical and pathological presentation.
Influence of repeated trace mineral injections during gestation on beef heifer and subsequent calf performance
Authors: Stokes Rebecca S , Ireland Frank A , Shike Daniel W 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Commercial Angus heifers (n = 190; body weight (BW) = 315 ± 49.3 kg) were used to determine the effects of trace mineral injections during gestation on heifer and subsequent calf performance. Heifers received three previous subcutaneous trace mineral (Multimin 90 [MM]; n = 93) or sterilized physiological saline (CON; n = 97) injections approximately 90 d apart. These treatments were maintained and subsequent injections were given 205, 114, and 44 ± 26 d prepartum. Heifers were provided free-choice inorganic minerals. Heifer BW and body condition scores (BCS) were collected at trial initiation (296 ± 26 d prepartum) and 5- to 10-week intervals thereafter. Liver samples were collected at trial initiation, 5 and 176 ± 3 d postpartum from a subset of cows to determine trace mineral status. Milk production was assessed on 80 cow–calf pairs (40/treatment) at 71 ± 15 d postpartum. Cows were artificially inseminated (AI) 82 d postpartum and then exposed to bulls for 38 d. Data were reported from 174 calves (n = 87 calves/treatment). Calf liver samples were collected 5 and 147 ± 3 d postpartum to determine trace mineral status. Calf weaning BW was collected at 159 ± 26 d postpartum. Calf performance including calving date, birth BW, weaning BW, average daily gain (ADG), and health data were collected. Heifer BW and BCS did not differ (P ≥ 0.72) throughout the experiment. Multimin heifers tended (P = 0.08) to have greater initial liver Se and tended to have decreased (P = 0.08) initial liver Zn compared with CON. At calving, MM cows had increased (P ≤ 0.01) liver Cu and Se. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.47) in Julian calving date, calving percent, or unassisted births. Calf birth BW was lesser (P = 0.02) for MM than CON calves, and MM calves had greater (P = 0.03) liver Cu concentrations at birth than CON calves. Despite MM cows having increased (P &lt; 0.01) milk production, calf weaning BW and ADG were not different (P ≥ 0.87). In addition, calf morbidity and mortality were not different (P ≥ 0.43) between treatments. Calf mineral status was not different (P ≥ 0.57) at the time of weaning regardless of treatment; however, MM cows had decreased (P = 0.03) liver Zn. Multimin cows had decreased (P = 0.05) AI pregnancy rates, yet there was no difference (P = 0.34) in overall pregnancy rate. Supplementing an injectable trace mineral during heifer development and gestation increased cow milk production and resulted in decreased AI pregnancy rates; however, there was no effect on overall pregnancy rates or preweaning calf health or performance.
Comparison of 3 Pediatric Pelvic Osteotomies for Acetabular Dysplasia Using Patient-specific 3D-printed Models
Authors: Caffrey Jason P. , Jeffords Megan E. , Farnsworth Christine L. , Bomar James D. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Children with developmental dysplasia of the hip may require a pelvic osteotomy to treat acetabular dysplasia. Three osteotomies are commonly performed in these patients (Pemberton, Dega, and San Diego), though comparative studies of each are limited. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in acetabular morphology (acetabular version, volume, and octant coverage angles) created by these 3 osteotomies using matched patient-specific 3D-printed pelvic models.

Methods:
Fourteen patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip and preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging were retrospectively included. For each patient CT, bone and cartilage tissues were independently segmented, and 3 identical pelvises were 3D-printed using a dual material printer. Bone was printed with rigid material and cartilage with flexible material to simulate the flexibility of the triradiate cartilage and pubic symphysis. Pemberton, Dega, and San Diego acetabular osteotomies were performed on the triplicate set of 3D prints. Acetabular version, volume, and octant coverage angles (posterior, superior-posterior, superior, superior-anterior, and anterior) were determined before and after each mock surgery by morphologic assessment using preoperative and postoperative CT images.

Results:
San Diego osteotomy yielded a small increase (+3.34±1.71 degrees) in version, compared with decreases with Pemberton (−5.47±1.54 degrees) and Dega (−8.57±1.21 degrees, P<0.05). Acetabular volume decreased similarly for Pemberton (−13.36%±2.88%), Dega (−19.21%±2.73%), and San Diego (−19.29%±2.44%; P=0.215) osteotomies. San Diego osteotomy tended to have a larger postoperative increase in the posterior regions, and the Dega and Pemberton osteotomies tended to have larger postoperative increases in the anterior coverage regions.

Conclusions:
Quantifiable differences were identified in acetabular octant coverage angles and version between the 3 pelvic osteotomies. San Diego osteotomy increased acetabular coverage posteriorly resulting in acetabular anteversion, whereas Pemberton and Dega had greater superior-anterior coverage resulting in relative acetabular retroversion. This study is the first known to utilize 3D-printed models for comparison of surgical approaches in pediatric pelvic osteotomies.
Advances in the management of early pregnancy loss
Authors: Henkel Andrea , Shaw Kate A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
To describe recent advances in management of early pregnancy loss.

Recent findings
Addition of mifepristone to current protocols for medical management of miscarriage increases effectiveness of a single dose of misoprostol and significantly reduces subsequent aspiration procedures. Women with an incomplete evacuation after medical management may be treated expectantly with similar rates of complete expulsion compared with surgical management at 6 weeks. As cytogenetic analysis improves, analysis of products of conception can be performed whether collected after surgical or medical management and is an efficient strategy in starting a recurrent pregnancy loss work-up. For those seeking pregnancy after miscarriage, conception immediately following an early pregnancy loss is not associated with increased risk of subsequent miscarriage. However, recent studies suggest that the original intendedness of the pregnancy resulting in miscarriage does not predict future reproductive goals of the woman, so family planning should be discussed at the time of miscarriage.

Summary
Miscarriage is a common experience among reproductive-aged women and advances in medical management and modern-day aspiration techniques make the use of the sharp curette obsolete.