bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effect of rLosac on supplement‐deprived mouse cultured cortical neurons involves maintenance of monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 protein levels
Authors: Alvarez‐Flores Miryam P. , Hébert Audrey , Gouelle Cathy , Geller Sarah , Chudzinski‐Tavassi Ana M. , Pellerin Luc 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe recombinant Lonomia obliqua Stuart‐factor activator (rLosac) is a recombinant hemolin which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. It is capable of inducing pro‐survival activity in serum‐deprived human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts by increasing mitochondrial metabolism. We hypothesize that it could promote neuronal survival by acting on neuroenergetics. Our study reveals that treatment of primary mouse cortical neurons cultured in neurobasal medium lacking B27 supplement with rLosac led to an enhancement of cell viability in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. In parallel, preserved or enhanced phosphorylation of Akt, p44, and p42 MAPK, as well as mTOR was observed following treatment with rLosac. During deprivation, as assessed by western blot and qRT‐PCR, protein and mRNA expression of MCT2 (the predominant neuronal monocarboxylate transporter allowing lactate use as an alternative energy substrate) decreased significantly in B27 supplement‐deprived cortical neurons and was hardly detected after 24 h of deprivation. Interestingly, rLosac maintained MCT2 protein expression after 24 h of deprivation including at the cell surface without preventing mRNA loss. MCT2 knockdown reduced rLosac‐enhanced cell viability, confirming its involvement in rLosac effect. Enhanced uptake of lactate was detected following rLosac treatment and might contribute to rLosac‐enhanced viability during deprivation. In the presence of both lactate and rLosac, cell viability was higher than in the presence of lactate alone. Our observations suggest that rLosac promotes cell viability in stressed (B27 supplement‐deprived) neurons by facilitating the use of lactate as energy substrate via the preservation of MCT2 protein expression.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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The firing frequency of spontaneous action potentials and their corresponding evoked exocytosis are increased in chromaffin cells of CCl4‐induced cirrhotic rats with respect to control rats
Authors: Sanz‐Lázaro Sara , Jiménez‐Pompa Amanda , Carmona‐Hidalgo Beatriz , Ubeda María , Muñoz Leticia , Caba‐González Jose Carlos , Hernández‐Vivanco Alicia , López‐García Sarai , Albillos Agustín , Albillos Almudena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh catecolamine plasma levels because of sympathetic nervous system over‐activity contribute to cirrhosis progression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland might potentiate the deleterious effect exerted by this over‐activity. Electrophysiological patch‐clamp and amperometric experiments with carbon‐fibre electrodes were conducted in single chromaffin cells of control and CCl4‐induced cirrhotic rats. The spontaneous action potential firing frequency was increased in chromaffin cells of cirrhotic rats with respect to control rats. The exocytosis evoked by that firing was also increased. However, exocytosis elicited by ACh did not vary between control and cirrhotic rats. Exocytosis triggered by depolarizing pulses was also unchanged. Amperometric recordings confirmed the lack of increased catecholamine charge released in cirrhosis after ACh or depolarization stimuli. However, the amperometric spikes exhibited faster kinetics of release. The overall Ca2+ entry through voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC), or in particular through Cav1 channels, did not vary between chromaffin cells of control and cirrhotic rats. The inhibition of VDCC by methionine‐enkephaline or ATP was not either altered, but it was increased by adrenaline in cells of cirrhotic rats. When a cocktail composed by the three neurotransmitters was tested in order to approach a situation closer to the physiological condition, the inhibition of VDCC was similar between both types of cells. In summary, chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland might contribute to exacerbate the sympathetic nervous system over‐activity in cirrhosis because of an increased exocytosis elicited by an enhanced spontaneous electrical activity.
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Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Chaetophora (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta), including descriptions of Chaetophoropsis aershanensis gen. et sp. nov.
Authors: Liu Benwen , Xiong Qian , Liu Xudong , Liu Guoxiang , Hu Zhengyu 
Published: October 2018

The broadly defined genus Chaetophora consisted of species with minute, uniseriate branching filaments enveloped in soft or firm mucilage forming macroscopic growths that are spherical, hemispherical, and tubercular or arbuscular, growing epiphytically on freshwater aquatic plants and other submerged surfaces in standing or fast‐flowing water. Recent molecular analyses clearly showed that this genus was polyphyletic. In this study, eight strains of Chaetophora and three strains of Stigeoclonium were identified and successfully cultured. In combination with the morphological data, a concatenated data set of four markers (18S + 5.8S + ITS2+ partial 28S rDNA) was also used to determine their taxonomic relationships and phylogenetic positions. The molecular analysis resolved the broadly defined Chaetophora to at least two genera. Species with a globose thallus of genus Chaetophora formed a separate monophyletic clade, which clearly separated from, a type of lobe‐form Chaetophora species. Therefore, we propose to erect a new genus, Chaetophoropsis, which includes all globose species of the Chaetophora. Chaetophoropsis aershanensis was determined to be a new species, based on its special characteristic of profuse long rhizoids. Stigeoclonium polyrhizum, as the closest relative to Chaetophoropsis, revealed its distant relationships to other species of Stigeoclonium. A globose thallus with a thick, soft mucilage matrix, and special rhizoidal branches lent further support to the placement of S. polyrhizum in the genus Chaetophoropsis and had the closest relationship to C. aershanensis. Taxonomic diversity was proven by distinctive morphological differences and by phylogenetic divergence in the broadly defined Chaetophora identified herein.
Resveratrol attenuates oxidative stress during experimental periodontitis in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation
Authors: Corrêa Mônica Grazieli , Absy Samir , Tenenbaum Howard , Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira , Cirano Fabiano Ribeiro , Casati Marcio Z. , Pimentel Suzana Peres 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating the effect of the systemic administration of resveratrol (RESV) on oxidative stress during experimental periodontitis in rats subjected to cigarette smoke inhalation.Material and MethodsExperimental periodontitis (EP) was induced in 26 male Wistar rats by the insertion of a ligature around one of the first mandibular and maxillary molars. The animals were assigned randomly to the following groups: cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI; 3 times/d, 8 minutes/d) + resveratrol (10 mg/Kg), that is, SMK + RESV (n = 13) and cigarette smoke inhalation + placebo, that is, SMK + PLAC (n = 13). The substances were administered daily for 30 days (19 days prior and 11 days following EP induction), and then, the animals were euthanized. The maxillary specimens were processed for morphometric analysis of bone loss, and the tissue surrounding the first maxillary molars was collected for mRNA quantification of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) by real‐time PCR. The gingival tissues surrounding the mandibular first molars were collected for quantification of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase oxidase (NADPH) using an ELISA assay.ResultsReduced bone loss was demonstrated in animals in the SMK + RESV group as compared to those in the SMK + PLAC (P < 0.05) group on the basis of morphometric analysis. Resveratrol promoted higher levels of SIRT and SOD (P < 0.05) as well as reduced levels of NADPH oxidase (P < 0.05) were found in tissues derived from animals in the SMK + RESV group when compared to those in the SMK + PLAC group.ConclusionResveratrol is an efficient therapeutic agent that reduces exacerbation of bone loss found in animals with EP that were also exposed to smoke. The results suggest that its effects could be mediated, at least in part, by its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties which attenuate the effects of oxidative stress on EP in the presence of cigarette smoke.
Tamoxifen induces apoptosis and inhibits respiratory burst in equine neutrophils independently of estrogen receptors
Authors: Olave Carla , Alvarez Pamela , Uberti Benjamin , Morales Natalia , Henriquez Claudio , Folch Hugo , Sarmiento Jose , Moran Gabriel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeutrophils play an important role in the exacerbation and maintenance of severe equine asthma; persistent neutrophil activity and delayed apoptosis can be harmful to surrounding tissues. Tamoxifen (TX) is a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator with immunomodulatory effects and induces early apoptosis of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils from horses with acute lung inflammation. This study investigated if the in vitro effects of tamoxifen are produced by its action on nuclear (α and β) and membrane (GPR30) estrogen receptors in healthy equine neutrophils. Results showed that TX inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst induced by opsonized zymosan in a dose‐dependent manner. Nuclear (17‐β‐Estradiol) and GPR30 cell membrane (G1) estrogen receptor agonists and their antagonists (ICI 182,780 and G15, respectively) do not block or reproduce the effect of TX. Therefore, TX does not inhibit respiratory burst through estrogen receptors. TX (8.5 μM) also increased phosphatidylserine translocation, a marker of early apoptosis, which did not occur with any of the estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. Thus, tamoxifen generates dose‐dependent inhibition of respiratory burst and increased early apoptosis in healthy equine neutrophils, independently of nuclear or membrane estrogen receptors. Further studies are necessary to explore the signaling pathways of tamoxifen‐induced ROS inhibition and phosphatidylserine translocation.
Climate warming alters the structure of farmland tritrophic ecological networks and reduces crop yield
Authors: Derocles Stephane A. P. , Lunt David H. , Berthe Sophie C. F. , Nichols Paul C. , Moss Ellen D. , Evans Darren M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is unclear how sustained increases in temperature and changes in precipitation, as a result of climate change, will affect crops and their interactions with agricultural weeds, insect pests and predators, due to the difficulties in quantifying changes in such complex relationships. We simulated the combined effects of increasing temperature (by an average of 1.4°C over a growing season) and applying additional rainwater (10% of the monthly mean added weekly, 40% total) using a replicated, randomized block experiment within a wheat crop. We examined how this affected the structure of 24 quantitative replicate plant–aphid–parasitoid networks constructed using DNA‐based methods. Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer–resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity. Increased temperature induced an aphid outbreak, but the parasitism rates of aphids by parasitoid wasps remained unchanged. It also drove changes in the crop, altering in particular the phenology of the wheat as well as its quality (i.e., fewer, lighter seeds). We discuss the importance of considering the wider impacts of climate change on interacting species across trophic levels in agroecosystems.
Embracing standardisation and contextualisation in medical education
Authors: Bates Joanna , Schrewe Brett , Ellaway Rachel H , Teunissen Pim W , Watling Christopher 
Published: October 2018

ContextThe tensions that emerge between the universal and the local in a global world require continuous negotiation. However, in medical education, standardization and contextual diversity tend to operate as separate philosophies, with little attention to the interplay between them.MethodsThe authors synthesise the literature related to the intersections and resulting tensions between standardization and contextual diversity in medical education. In doing so, the authors analyze the interplay between these competing concepts in two domains of medical education (admissions and competency‐based medical education), and provide concrete examples drawn from the literature.ResultsStandardization offers many rewards: its common articulations and assumptions promote patient safety, foster continuous quality improvement, and enable the spread of best practices. Standardization may also contribute to greater fairness, equity, reliability and validity in high stakes processes, and can provide stakeholders, including the public, with tangible reassurance and a sense of the stable and timeless. At the same time, contextual variation in medical education can afford myriad learning opportunities, and it can improve alignment between training and local workforce needs. The inevitable diversity of contexts for learning and practice renders any absolute standardization of programs, experiences, or outcomes an impossibility.ConclusionsThe authors propose a number of ways to examine the interplay of contextual diversity and standardization and suggest three ways to move beyond an either/or stance. In reconciling the laudable goals of standardization and the realities of the innumerable contexts in which we train and deliver care, we are better positioned to design and deliver a medical education system that is globally responsible and locally engaged.
Acute ischemic stroke in myeloproliferative neoplasia: Using molecular pathophysiology knowledge to treat prothrombotic state with direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Hollen Christopher W , Shujaat Syeda D , Ray Bappaditya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are defined by clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells and often associated with systemic thrombosis. Arterial thrombi due to MPN have a multifactorial etiology and are typically managed with antiplatelet agents. However, recent mechanistic studies on patients with JAK2V617F mutations have demonstrated alterations in cellular heparanase activity that results in a hypercoagulable state. We report a patient with MPN presenting with acute ischemic stroke caused by a basilar artery thrombus due to JAK2V617F mutation related hypercoagulability. Newer direct oral anticoagulants may be appropriate for secondary stroke prevention in such cases.
The β5 subunit is essential for intact 26S proteasome assembly to specifically promote plant autotrophic growth under salt stress
Authors: Han Jia‐Jia , Yang Xiaoyuan , Wang Qian , Tang Lu , Yu Feifei , Huang Xiahe , Wang Yingchun , Liu Jian‐Xiang , Xie Qi 
Published: October 2018

Summary

The ubiquitin 26S proteasome (26SP) system efficiently degrades many key regulators of plant development. 26SP consists of two subcomplexes: the catalytic 20S core particle (CP) and the 19S regulatory particle (RP). Previous studies have focused on 19S RP; whether there is a specific subunit in 20S CP that has a stress‐related biological function in plants is unclear.

PBE1, one of the β5 subunits of Arabidopsis proteasome CP, is essential for the assembly and proteolytic activity of 26SP in salt‐stressed seedlings. The expression of PBE1 is stress‐induced. During the transition from seed germination to autotrophic growth in salt‐stressed seedlings, loss of PBE1 function results specifically in arrest in developmental transition but not in germination and post‐germination growth. PBE1 is also important for other types of proteasome stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress.

PBE1 modulates the protein level of the transcription factor ABI5 and thereby down‐regulates the expression of several genes downstream of this key regulator which are known to be essential for plant growth under stress.

Collectively, our results showed PBE1‐mediated intact proteasome assembly that is essential for successful autotrophic growth, and revealed how PBE1 mediated stress proteasome functions to control both proteasome activity and abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated stress signaling in plants.
The fluorescent protein sensor roGFP2‐Orp1 monitors in vivo H2O2 and thiol redox integration and elucidates intracellular H2O2 dynamics during elicitor‐induced oxidative burst in Arabidopsis
Authors: Nietzel Thomas , Elsässer Marlene , Ruberti Cristina , Steinbeck Janina , Ugalde José Manuel , Fuchs Philippe , Wagner Stephan , Ostermann Lara , Moseler Anna , Lemke Philipp , Fricker Mark D. , Müller‐Schüssele Stefanie J. , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Costa Alex , Meyer Andreas J. , Schwarzländer Markus 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is ubiquitous in cells and at the centre of developmental programmes and environmental responses. Its chemistry in cells makes H2O2 notoriously hard to detect dynamically, specifically and at high resolution. Genetically encoded sensors overcome persistent shortcomings, but pH sensitivity, silencing of expression and a limited concept of sensor behaviour in vivo have hampered any meaningful H2O2 sensing in living plants.

We established H2O2 monitoring in the cytosol and the mitochondria of Arabidopsis with the fusion protein roGFP2‐Orp1 using confocal microscopy and multiwell fluorimetry.

We confirmed sensor oxidation by H2O2, show insensitivity to physiological pH changes, and demonstrated that glutathione dominates sensor reduction in vivo. We showed the responsiveness of the sensor to exogenous H2O2, pharmacologically‐induced H2O2 release, and genetic interference with the antioxidant machinery in living Arabidopsis tissues. Monitoring intracellular H2O2 dynamics in response to elicitor exposure reveals the late and prolonged impact of the oxidative burst in the cytosol that is modified in redox mutants.

We provided a well defined toolkit for H2O2 monitoring in planta and showed that intracellular H2O2 measurements only carry meaning in the context of the endogenous thiol redox systems. This opens new possibilities to dissect plant H2O2 dynamics and redox regulation, including intracellular NADPH oxidase‐mediated ROS signalling.
Sectoral Effects of News Shocks
Authors: Vukotić Marija 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper argues that an aggregate news shock reveals news about technological improvements in the durable goods sector. Better technological prospects translate into large responses of the fundamentals in the durable goods sector; much larger than the responses of the fundamentals in the non‐durable goods sector. These better technological prospects, contrary to common belief, do not induce short‐run comovement among fundamentals within either of the two sectors. The behaviour of inventories, an important margin that durable goods producers can use to buffer news shocks, proves to be crucial for reconciling the effects of news shocks in a two‐sector model with the data.
Structured intervention plan including component‐resolved diagnostics helps reducing the burden of food allergy among school‐aged children
Authors: Savolainen Johannes , Mascialino Barbara , Pensamo Elina , Åberg K. Magnus , Silvan Maija , Borres Magnus P. , Korhonen Krista 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundFood allergies can substantially burden patients and families by negatively affecting finances, social relationships, and personal perceptions of health. This study was performed under the Finnish Allergy Programme aimed at reducing avoidance diets to foods in schoolchildren by 50%. The main goal of this study was to investigate how many children could be freed from diet restrictions in a Finnish school district through a diagnostic algorithm including component‐resolved diagnostics and food challenge. The secondary aim was to provide a crude estimate of the burden of the elimination food diets in the region, and the savings associated with the proposed intervention.MethodsA total of 205 children on a food avoidance diet according to the school register because of food allergy were invited into the study. One hundred and fifty‐seven children were interviewed, tested for IgE to extracts and allergen components and food challenged in respective order.ResultsAfter two years, 12 children still had an avoidance diet and three of them were treated successfully with sOTI; the rest suspended their avoidance diet (n = 134) or dropped out of the study (n = 11). The cost of the elimination diets was estimated in 172 700€ per year at start and 13 200€ per year at the end of the study; total savings were 128 400€ yearly.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate a 65% reduction of avoidance diets to foods in school‐aged children, exceeding the 50% aim of the Finnish Allergy Programme. Therefore, it is possible to actively reduce the number of food allergy diagnoses that remain unmonitored in the society through a tailored diagnostic work‐up.
An Axiomatic Foundation of the Multiplicative Human Development Index
Authors: Kawada Yoko , Nakamura Yuta , Otani Shuhei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aggregation formula in the Human Development Index (HDI) was changed to a geometric mean in 2010. In this paper, we search for a theoretical justification for employing this new HDI formula. First, we find a maximal class of index functions, what we call quasi‐geometric means, that satisfy symmetry for the characteristics, normalization, and separability. Second, we show that power means are the only quasi‐geometric means satisfying homogeneity. Finally, the new HDI is the only power mean satisfying minimal lower boundedness, which is a local complementability axiom proposed by Herrero et al. (2010).
Water adsorption with relative humidity changes for keratin and collagen as studied by infrared (IR) micro‐spectroscopy
Authors: Kudo Sachie , Nakashima Satoru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundNatures and amounts of water retained at the surface of stratum corneum (SC) of human skins, affecting skin health and penetration of chemical components, remain unclear.MethodsA keratin film, a main component of human SC surface, was measured by IR micro‐spectroscopy combined with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and a relative humidity (RH) control system.ResultsWater contents increased with RH up to about 19 wt% and were correlated linearly with the OH + NH band areas in IR spectra of the keratin film. The OH + NH band areas for the triple helix collagen film are about twice as large as those for the keratin film (double helix). The free water component increases with RH by keeping the bound water component minor for the keratin film. About twice of water retention capacity of the collagen film can be due to increasing adsorption of free water, interacting possibly with hydrophobic aliphatic CH surfaces.ConclusionThe present results suggest relatively low water contents less than about 19 wt% of outermost SC layers of human skin composed mostly of keratin exposed to ambient RH conditions. The triple helix collagen can be used as an effective moisturizing agent.