bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuevas reflexiones sobre la Directiva (UE) 2016/618 a la vista de la Opinión 1/15 del Tribunal de Justicia de 26 de julio 2017
Authors: Villani Susanna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:Over the last decades, it has arisen the need for increased cooperation betweenlaw enforcement authorities in making more systematic use of the data furnished by those moving to and from the States in order to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute terrorism and other serious crimes. On 21 April 2016 the Council adopted Directive 2016/681 in order to regulate PNR data transfer from the airlines to the Member States, as well as the processing of this data by the competent authorities. Its validity, with particular reference to the balance between needs of security and the respect of fundamental rights, such as the right to respect for private life and the right to the protection of personal data, could be challenged after the conclusions reached by the CJEU in its Opinion on the EU-Canada agreement on PNR transfer.Summary1. INTRODUCTION. 2. HISTORICAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND: ASSESSING THE NECESSITY OF AN ACT ON PROCESSING PNR DATA AT EU LEVEL. 3. DIRECTIVE 2016/681 ON PNR DATA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS. 4. THE CJEU OPINION 1/15 ON THE EU-CANADA AGREEMENT: WHAT CHALLENGES FOR THE PNR DIRECTIVE? 5. FINAL REMARKS Resumen:En la última década, ha surgido la necesidad de una mayor cooperación entre las autoridades nacionales de los diferentes Estados para hacer un uso más sistemático de los datos entre ellos para luchar contra el terrorismo y otros crímenes. El 21 de abril de 2016, el Consejo adoptó la Directiva 2016/681 para regular la transferencia de los datos PNR de las líneas aéreas a los Estados miembros, así como el tratamiento de estos datos por las autoridades competentes. Su validez, en relación con el equilibrio entre las necesidades de seguridad y el respeto de los derechos fundamentales, como el derecho al respeto de la vida privada y el derecho a la protección de los datos personales, podría ser impugnada como consecuencia de la opinión emitida por el TJUE sobre el acuerdo UE-Canadá en relación a la transferencia de datos personales.Sumario:1. Introducción; 2. Panorama histórico y jurídico: evaluaciones sobre la necesidad de un acto de la UE en la utilización de datos; 3. Directiva 2016/681: un análisis crítico; 4. La Opinión 1/15 del Tribunal de Justicia: qué desafíos para la Directiva 2016/681? 5. Observaciones finales.
Plonger du bord de la langue. Maîtrise et déprise énonciatives chez Pascal Quignard
Authors: Turin Gaspard 
Published: May 2018

Cet article propose d’interroger les limites de la phrase quignardienne à partir de certaines formes récurrentes : brachylogies, sommaires, asyndètes, les « bienfaits du fragment » dans l’attaque — globalement, un travail syntaxique instruisant sa propre disjonction. Par cette cartographie des formes disjonctives, on observe un effet paradoxal d’imprévisibilité ou d’indécidable — c’est, en somme, la rhétorique du traité : « pas de but, pas de stratégie, pas de conscience » (Petits traités i). Cette rhétorique est paradoxale, parce qu’elle est mise au service d’un discours extrêmement maîtrisé dans son dessein général — une maîtrise que l’on constate dans la lecture de Quignard par le monde universitaire, qui se sert généralement des outils d’analyse présents dans le texte. Sans contester cette maîtrise, cette étude propose de la lire autrement.
Entre les actes : investigation inductive des expressions et légitimations du goût pour le théâtre
Authors: Corriveau Louis-Simon 
Published: May 2018

L’adoption d’une approche inductive implique la mobilisation des écrits et la prise de distance par rapport à ceux-ci. Mais ce rapport demeure toutefois problématique. L’entreprise de recherche dans laquelle s’ancre cet article suit trois principales stratégies afin d’aborder ce rapport trouble aux écrits. La première stratégie repose sur la valorisation de la connaissance empirique et la rupture avec les préconceptions, et contribue à la mise à l’épreuve de notions-clés, notamment le « théâtre » et l’« amateur ». La deuxième stratégie se décline en deux volets : la gloutonnerie livresque et le croisement de diverses perspectives épistémologiques. La troisième stratégie impose, quant à elle, une valorisation du discours des informatrices et informateurs qui prend forme à travers des entretiens narratifs où la conversation est mise de l’avant. Le présent article vise ainsi à documenter ces stratégies et à les inscrire dans le projet de recherche.
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS Does the history of science have a future?
Authors: BROOKE JOHN HEDLEY 
Published: July 2002

It has been a singular privilege to preside over the BSHS as it celebrates its fiftieth anniversary. As we share our festivities with the British Association annual meeting at Leeds, I am doubly honoured to be giving this address. A fiftieth anniversary is a sentimental occasion. It is a moment when we can express our gratitude to our many friends and forebears who by their dedication have enabled the Society to grow and flourish. That so many of those friends should be with us to share in our celebration is a source of delight to us all. To our past presidents, former editors, officers and councillors, I extend the warmest welcome. And to our visitors and guests from overseas, I should like to say how much we value your presence and contribution to this conference.Is there not, then, an incongruous note in my title – a hint of foreboding perhaps? If tempted to speculate on its source one might have wondered whether it is in those rumours we sometimes hear that the end of science is nigh. When we can almost clone humans and almost explain the moment of creation, what is there left? Might the end of science not spell the end of its history? A moment's reflection suggests that this cannot be. After all, the question why science should have come to an end when it did would still keep historians in business. And the more intriguing question of why the end of science has been proclaimed at the end of each of the last four centuries would keep us in business even longer!
PROFESSOR DWORKIN, THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION AND A THIRD WAY
Authors: HARRIS IAN 
Published: July 2002

Ronald Dworkin wishes to read the UNITED States' constitution in terms of political principles, treating it as a source of law deriving from these. But the terms of the constitution, where they are not institutional, are mostly prohibitions and as such do not prescribe rights. Indeed the constitution on the whole does not prescribe rights, but instead refers to or enumerates rights which it does not prescribe. There are exceptions in the fifth and sixth Amendments, but as these explicitly prescribe rights this implies that the other constitutional terms are not prescriptive in this way. The view presented in this article, however, does not endorse the original intention thesis.There is a third way of reading the constitution. This is in terms of the most prominent though most neglected part of the text, the preamble. This approach provides a reading which is inconsistent with the original intention thesis in that the categories of the preamble are so general that they cannot be confined to purely eighteenth century meanings. The third way is also inconsistent with Dworkin's, because the constitution provides no prescriptive principles except in its preamble, and those do not correspond to the range of prescriptions Dworkin has in mind. The third way suggests we need to read the Articles and Amendments of the constitution in terms of the preamble, and to address specific issues in these terms. This reading embraces inter alia a far wider range of political concerns than Dworkin has addressed and implies a modification of the type of liberalism he has developed.
FACTORIZATION THEOREMS FOR MORPHISMS OF ORDERED GROUPOIDS AND INVERSE SEMIGROUPS
Authors: Steinberg Benjamin 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAdapting the theory of the derived category to ordered groupoids, we prove that every ordered functor (and thus every inverse and regular semigroup homomorphism) factors as an enlargement followed by an ordered fibration. As an application, we obtain Lawson’s version of Ehresmann’s Maximum Enlargement Theorem, from which can be deduced the classical theory of idempotent-pure inverse semigroup homomorphisms and $E$-unitary inverse semigroups.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 20M18; 20L05; 20M17
ABERRANT DATA IN FIELD EXPERIMENTS
Authors: DYKE G. V. , PEARCE S. C. 
Published: July 2002

A field experiment will sometimes give data so unexpected that their correctness is doubted. It would be wrong to discard them because they go against the experimenter's preconceptions but sometimes enquiry will reveal why they are aberrant. Sometimes no reason can be found but they still raise doubts. The problem is approached using a published body of data.The calculation of residuals and total residuals is commended as a means of enquiry. Exclusion of data is to be avoided if possible. It can have serious consequences and methods are given for assessing them. It is important to seek alternative approaches and one possibility is the use of covariance adjustments on fertility trends shown by study of the residuals. It is shown also that extreme values sometimes arise from unsuitable data and can be eliminated by a suitable transformation, but it must be meaningful and not just a statistical expedient to avoid difficulties.
RECENT LITERATURE ON SOVIET HISTORY Redefining Russian society and polity. By Mary Buckley.
Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
Pp. xviii+346. £13.50. ISBN 0-813-31580-8. A social history of twentieth-century Russia.
By Vladimir Andrle. London: Edward Arnold,
1994. Pp. xi+289. £14.99. ISBN 0-390-52510-0. An economic history of the USSR, 1917–1991.
By Alec Nove. New York: Penguin Books,
1993. £9.99 (paperback). ISBN 0-140-15774-3. A history of the peoples of Siberia: Russia's north Asian
colony,
1581–1990. By James Forsyth.
London: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xx+455. £19.95. ISBN
0-521-47771-9. Stalin's Cold War: Soviet strategies in Europe, 1943 to 1956.

By Caroline Kennedy-Pipe.
Manchester; Manchester University Press, 1995. £40. ISBN 0-719-04202-X.
Authors: GRANVILLE JOHANNA 
Published: July 2002

On 16 October 1997 at a forum at the Baker Institute for Public
Policy, Rice University
in Houston, Mikhail Gorbachev received the Enron Prize for Public Service.
Former
secretary of state James Baker credited Gorbachev for ‘setting the
USSR on the
irreversible path to freedom’. Because of Gorbachev's ‘tremendous

political courage’, Baker claimed, millions of people
enjoyed freer, more prosperous lives. But millions of
Russians do not approve of what Gorbachev did, would deny him the Enron
and Nobel
Prizes, and mark him a villain because he caused the unravelling of the
USSR and
Warsaw Pact and because their lives are less prosperous in today's
Russia.To understand why a policy (like Gorbachev's glasnost) succeeded
or failed, one has
to look at its social impact. Rarely are policies carried out exactly as
the policymaker
envisioned. Although the five titles reviewed in this article vary in their
focus and
geographical scope, most tend to emphasize Soviet and Russian policy implementation,

as opposed to the initial decision-making process.
ROMANTIC REVOLUTIONARIES: DAVID IVON JONES, S. P. BUNTING AND THE

ORIGINS OF NON-RACIAL POLITICS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: CAMPBELL JAMES T. 
Published: July 2002

The Delegate for Africa: David Ivon Jones, 1883–1924.
By
Baruch Hirson and Gwyn A. Williams. London: Core Publications, 1995. Pp.
x+272. £8.50,
paperback (ISBN 897640-02-1).S. P. Bunting: A Political Biography, new edition. By Edward
Roux. Bellville:
Mayibuye Books. 1993. Pp. 200. No price given, paperback (ISBN 1-86808-162-1).Outsiders looking at the recent history of South African politics are
apt to be
struck by two conundrums. How can a nation that pushed the logic of ‘race’
as far
as any society in history also have produced one of the world's most
enduring non-racial
political traditions? And how, in a period that has seen the crumbling
of the
Soviet Union and the discrediting of communist parties throughout the world,
has
the South African Communist Party (SACP) not only survived but risen to
power,
in coalition with the African National Congress and the Congress of South
African
Trade Unions?
Effect of β-lactoglobulin on plasma retinol and triglyceride concentrations, and fatty acid composition in calves
Authors: KUSHIBIKI SHIRO , HODATE KOICHI , KURISAKI JUNICHI , SHINGU HIROYUKI , UEDA YASUKO , WATANABE AKIRA , SHINODA MITSURU 
Published: July 2002

β-Lactoglobulin (β-lg) is the main protein of ruminant milk whey. Although β-lg can bind in vitro to a variety of hydrophobic substrates, mainly retinol and long-chain fatty acids, its physiological function is still unknown. In Exp. 1, we investigated the effect of β-lg on the plasma retinol concentration in preruminant calves. Holstein male calves (n = 20) were fed Holstein whole milk at 40 g/kg body weight (BW) plus vitamin A acetate (500,000 i.u.) with or without β-lg (0·4 g/kg BW). The plasma retinol concentration of 10-d-old calves was greater (P<0·05) in the β-lg-fed group than in the control group during the period from 8 to 12 h and at 24 h after the feeding. The postprandial change of plasma retinol in 40-d-old calves fed milk with β-lg was higher (P<0·05) than that in the control calves only at 12 h after the feeding. In Exp. 2, Holstein male calves (n = 18) were used to investigate the effect of β-lg on plasma triglyceride concentration and fatty acid composition. Calves were fed Holstein whole milk at 40 g/kg BW plus milk fat prepared from whole milk at 2 g/kg BW with or without β-lg (0·4 g/kg BW). Plasma triglyceride concentration at age 10 d was higher (P<0·05) in the β-lg-fed group than in the controls during the periods from 1 to 2 h and from 7 to 11 h after the feeding. At age 40 d, plasma triglyceride in the β-lg-fed group was higher (P<0·05) than in the control group only at 9 h. Ratios of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids to total plasma lipids were higher (P<0·05) in the calves fed β-lg milk than in the control calves at age 10 d. These results suggest that β-lg enhances the intestinal uptake of retinol, triglyceride, and long-chain fatty acids in preruminant calves.
Bioactive peptide derived from in vitro proteolysis of bovine

β-lactoglobulin and its effect on smooth muscle
Authors: PIHLANTO-LEPPÄLÄ ANNE , PAAKKARI ILARI , RINTA-KOSKI MERJA , ANTILA PIRKKO 
Published: July 2002

Milk proteins have largely been considered as providing
essential amino acids, but
oligopeptides derived from milk proteins have been shown to possess biological

functions. In vitro, opioid activity was first reported
in bovine β-casein hydrolysate
by Brantl et al. (1979). Precursors of biologically active
peptides have been
demonstrated in vivo after digestion of milk (Scanff
et al. 1992). Peptides that inhibit
platelet aggregation (Fiat et al. 1989), stimulate the
immune system (Migliore-Samour
et al. 1989), inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme (Maruyama

& Suzuki, 1982) and
are involved in intestinal Ca solubilization and absorption (Sato
et al. 1986) have also
been isolated from bovine casein hydrolysates.Bioactive peptides from whey proteins and their physiological effects
have
received less attention than those from casein. Peptides with opiate-like
activity
include the lactorphins, residues 50–53 in bovine and human
α-lactalbumin and 102–105 in bovine β-lactoglobulin (β-lg)

(Chiba & Yoshikawa, 1986; Yoshikawa et al.
1986; Antila et al. 1991). Yamauchi (1992) has reported
that a peptide derived from
β-lg induced contraction of guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle
in the absence of
electric stimulation and agonist. The fragment, containing residues
146–149 of β-lg
(His–Ile–Arg–Leu), was called β-lactotensin.The purpose of this study was to determine whether β-lactotensin

was released
from bovine β-lg by in vitro proteolysis using
different proteolytic enzymes. The
pharmacological activity of this tetrapeptide was characterized in guinea
pig ileum
in vitro using a synthetic fragment.
Isolation of specific oligoclonal antibodies against bovine αs1-casein

by FPLC tandem immunoaffinity of the polyclonal antibodies
Authors: MOIO LUIGI , MARCHISANO CRISTINA , ADDEO FRANCESCO 
Published: July 2002

Polyclonal antibodies specifically directed towards native casein
fractions have
been recently used to solve some analytical problems such as localization
of casein
antigenic sites (Otani et al. 1985; Ametani et al. 1987),

identification of casein
variants (Moio et al. 1989a; Chianese et al. 1992),
detection of bovine casein
adulterating goats', ewes' and water-buffalo milk and cheese
(Elbertzhagen &
Wenzel, 1982; Bernhauer et al. 1983; Aranda et al. 1988;

Moio et al. 1992; Rolland
et al. 1993, 1995; Addeo et al. 1995b),
evaluation of the efficiency of chromatographic
fractionation of casein (Addeo et al. 1992) and detection of casein
proteolysis in
cheese (Addeo et al. 1995a). However, the use of
polyclonal antibodies for immune
analysis is often limited owing to nonspecific binding. The use of monoclonal

antibodies may overcome this problem to some extent. Although the binding
affinity
of a hyperimmune serum is seldom attainable with a monoclonal antibody,
an
alternative approach consists of the isolation of specific antibodies by
affinity
chromatography (Johnstone & Thorpe, 1982). In a single step 1000–10000-fold

purification has been achieved.In this paper a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) tandem immunoaffinity

is used to enhance the specificity of bovine αs1-casein
(CN)
polyclonal antiserum. In the first column a caprine whole casein lacking

αs1-CN was bound to
a solid phase matrix and in the second column bovine αs1-CN
was bound. After
elution of macromolecular contaminants by a washing step, the two columns
were
detached and the purified bovine αs1-CN antibodies were
eluted from the second
column by a simple pH change.
‘Peace, Peace and Rumours of War’
Authors: WARD W. R. 
Published: July 2002

Nationaler Protestantismus und Ökumenische Bewegung. Kirchliches Handeln im Kalten
Krieg (1945–1990). By Gerhard Besier, Armin Boyens and Gerhard
Lindemann (postscript by Horst-Klaus Hofmann). (Zeitgeschichtliche
Forschungen, 3.) Pp. vi+1074. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1999. DM 86.
3 428 10032 8; 1438 2326This is indeed a formidable offering – three and a half books by
three and a half authors, all for the price of one and a half – and
it must be admitted to those whose stamina or German quail at the
prospect that some of the viewpoints and a little of the material by two
and a half of the contributors has been made available in English in
Gerhard Besier (ed.), The Churches, southern Africa and the political context
(London 1999) at £9.99. The soft option is, however, no substitute for the
real thing, which, like that other blockbuster, the late Eberhard Bethge's
Bonhoeffer, is a contribution both to scholarship and to a struggle inside the
German Churches. This, readers in the Anglo-Saxon world need to assess
as best they can. It is not often that attempts are made by both the World
Council of Churches and their principal paymasters in the German
Churches to stop the publication of a work of scholarship, to be foiled (in
best nineteenth-century style) by the liberalism of the German Ministry
of the Interior; but that has happened here. And the rest of the world has
the more reason to be grateful to the ministry for the authors have
exploited the archives of the Stasi and the KGB, access to the latter of
which has now been closed under pressure from the Russian Orthodox
Church, which appears to have more to hide than anyone.The link between all this and Besier's inquiries in America is provided
by the sad fate of the Protestant Churches of the Ost-Block during the Cold
War.
Durham and Winchester Episcopal Estates and the Elizabethan
Settlement: A Reappraisal
Authors: USHER BRETT 
Published: July 2002

In his brief account of James Pilkington, bishop of Durham, F.
O.
White created an enduring myth. Citing only two documents from
the state papers, he proposed the following scenario:“Though Bishop Pilkington was a great iconoclast, he was a vigorous maintainer

of the rights and property of his see. Shortly after his consecration he
had received
a partial restitution of his temporalities, but the restitution of the
remainder was
long delayed, it being felt by the queen and her ministers that the spiritual
and
temporal power of the Bishops of Durham was excessive.Pilkington appears to have so pertinaciously insisted on his rights,
and so
strenuously refused to allow the bishopric to be spoliated, that the queen
made
him a prisoner in his own house, for we find him, in a letter to Sir W.
Cecil,
written just before the warrant for the restitution of his temporalities
was issued
(May 23, 1566), stating that then he was ‘at liberty to
walk’, and ‘dared to go
abroad into gardens’. At last the matter was arranged, and on June
13, 1566, the
warrant was issued for the complete restitution of his temporalities, on
the
condition of his paying to the Crown £1000 a year during his life.”This portrait of a Pilkington both combative and disgraced is entirely

absent from the biographical account of him which prefaces the Parker
Society edition of his Works. A few years later, however, the
Coopers
asserted that it was only ‘in consequence of his spirited remonstrances’

that his lands were fully restored. C. W. Sutton, writing a few years before

White, rehearsed Henry Machyn's account of a sermon during which,
in
March 1560, Pilkington had demanded ‘better living’ for the
bishops and
clergy and went on to observe that he was ‘a great stickler for the
rights
and emoluments of his see’.
Local fluid and heat flow near contact lines
Authors: Anderson D. M. , Davis S. H. 
Published: July 2002

Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 268 (1994), pp. 231–265It has recently come to our attention that our paper, which describes
Marangoni-driven
flow near a contact line, overlooks solutions involving a general thermal

boundary condition on the free surface (private communication, S. J. Tavener
1997).
These new solutions are applicable for non-isothermal flows in a corner
region where
one boundary is a rigid plane (and either perfectly insulating or perfectly
conducting)
and the other is a free surface upon which a general thermal boundary condition
is
applied. We describe these additional solutions below.
Control of global instability in a non-parallel near wake
Authors: LEU TZONG-SHYNG , HO CHIH-MING 
Published: July 2002

The effect of base suction on a plane wake was found to produce significant changes
in wake dynamics. The wake is produced by merging two boundary layers from the
trailing edge of a splitter plate in a two-stream water tunnel. A threshold suction
speed exists which is approximately equal to half of the free-stream velocity. If the
suction speed is below the threshold, the wake flow is unstable. If the suction speed
is above the threshold, the wake becomes stable and no vortex shedding is observed.
In the present experiment, the suction technique can stabilize a wake at a maximum
tested Reynolds number of 2000.The suction significantly reduces the length of the absolutely unstable region in
the immediate vicinity of the trailing edge of the splitter plate and produces a non-parallel flow pattern, resulting in the breakdown of global instability. The global
growth rate changes from positive (unstable flow) to negative (stable flow) at the
suction speed equalling 0.46 of the free-stream velocity. The threshold suction speed
can be accurately predicted by the global linear theory of Monkewitz et al. (1993)
with a non-parallel flow correction.