bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the Occurrence and Distribution of 1–20 MJup Companions to Stars at Separations of 5–5000 au from a Compilation of Direct Imaging Surveys
Authors: Baron Frédérique , Lafrenière David , Artigau Étienne , Gagné Jonathan , Rameau Julien , Delorme Philippe , Naud Marie-Eve 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present the first statistical analysis of exoplanet direct imaging surveys combining adaptive optics (AO) imaging at small separations with deep seeing-limited observations at large separations allowing us to study the entire orbital separation domain from 5 to 5000 au simultaneously. Our sample of 344 stars includes only confirmed members of nearby young associations and is based on all AO direct-imaging detection limits readily available online, with addition of our own previous seeing-limited surveys. Assuming that the companion distribution in mass and a semimajor axis follows a power-law distribution and adding a dependence on the mass of the host star, such as

, we constrain the parameters to obtain

,

, and

at a 68% confidence level, and we obtain

for the overall planet occurrence rate for companions with masses between 1 and 20

in the range of 5–5000 au. Thus, we find that occurrence of companions is negatively correlated with a semimajor axis and companion mass (marginally) but is positively correlated with the stellar host mass. Our inferred mass distribution is in good agreement with other distributions found previously from direct imaging surveys for planets and brown dwarfs, but is shallower as a function of mass than the distributions inferred by radial velocity surveys of gas giants in the 1–3 au range. This may suggest that planets at these wide and very wide separations represent the low-mass tail of the brown dwarfs and stellar companion distribution rather than an extension of the distribution of the inner planets.
Reanalysis of the Pulsar Scenario to Explain the Cosmic Positron Excess Considering the Recent Developments
Authors: Fang Kun , Bi Xiao-Jun , Yin Peng-Fei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The slow diffusion of cosmic rays could be common around pulsars as indicated by the recent observations of HAWC, which can significantly change the pulsar interpretation of the well-known positron excess. Meanwhile, the latest measurement by AMS-02 shows a clear high-energy cutoff in the positron spectrum. Here, we check all the identified pulsars under the two-zone diffusion model to explain the new AMS-02 data. We find that the candidates must be nearby and middle-aged. Geminga, which was generally believed to be a very likely candidate, has recently been disfavored by Fermi-LAT observations of the GeV γ-ray flux. Following recent studies which indicate that PSR B1055−52 is much closer to the Earth than previously assumed, we propose for the first time that PSR B1055−52 is the most promising source of the positron excess. PSR B1055−52 can well reproduce both the intensity and the high-energy cutoff of the AMS-02 positron spectrum.
A Reverse Shock in GRB 181201A
Authors: Laskar Tanmoy , Eerten Hendrik van , Schady Patricia , Mundell C. G. , Alexander Kate D. , Duran Rodolfo Barniol , Berger Edo , Bolmer J. , Chornock Ryan , Coppejans Deanne L. , Fong Wen-fai , Gomboc Andreja , Jordana-Mitjans Núria , Kobayashi Shiho , Margutti Raffaella , Menten Karl M. , Sari Re’em , Yamazaki Ryo , Lipunov V. M. , Gorbovskoy E. , Kornilov V. G. , Tyurina N. , Zimnukhov D. , Podesta R. , Levato H. , Buckley D. A. H. , Tlatov A. , Rebolo R. , Serra-Ricart M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present comprehensive multiwavelength radio to X-ray observations of GRB 181201A spanning from ≈150 s to ≈163 days after the burst, comprising the first joint ALMA–VLA–GMRT observations of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow. The radio and millimeter-band data reveal a distinct signature at ≈3.9 days, which we interpret as reverse-shock (RS) emission. Our observations present the first time that a single radio-frequency spectral energy distribution can be decomposed directly into RS and forward shock (FS) components. We perform detailed modeling of the full multiwavelength data set, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to construct the joint posterior density function of the underlying physical parameters describing the RS and FS synchrotron emission. We uncover and account for all discovered degeneracies in the model parameters. The joint RS–FS modeling reveals a weakly magnetized (σ ≈ 3 × 10−3), mildly relativistic RS, from which we derive an initial bulk Lorentz factor of Γ0 ≈ 103 for the GRB jet. Our results support the hypothesis that low-density environments are conducive to the observability of RS emission. We compare our observations to other events with strong RS detections and find a likely observational bias selecting for longer lasting, nonrelativistic RSs. We present and begin to address new challenges in modeling posed by the present generation of comprehensive, multifrequency data sets.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Comparison of Lag Measurement Methods with Simulated Observations
Authors: Li Jennifer I-Hsiu , Shen Yue , Brandt W. N. , Grier C. J. , Hall P. B. , Ho L. C. , Homayouni Y. , Horne K. , Schneider D. P. , Trump J. R. , Starkey D. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigate the performance of different methodologies that measure the time lag between broad-line and continuum variations in reverberation mapping data using simulated light curves that probe a range of cadence, time baseline, and signal-to-noise ratio in the flux measurements. We compare three widely adopted lag-measuring methods: the interpolated cross-correlation function (ICCF), the z-transformed discrete correlation function (ZDCF), and the Markov chain Monte Carlo code JAVELIN, for mock data with qualities typical of multiobject spectroscopic reverberation mapping (MOS-RM) surveys that simultaneously monitor hundreds of quasars. We quantify the overall lag-detection efficiency, the rate of false detections, and the quality of lag measurements for each of these methods and under different survey designs (e.g., observing cadence and depth) using mock quasar light curves. Overall JAVELIN and ICCF outperform ZDCF in essentially all tests performed. Compared with ICCF, JAVELIN produces higher quality lag measurements, is capable of measuring more lags with timescales shorter than the observing cadence, is less susceptible to seasonal gaps and signal-to-noise ratio degradation in the light curves, and produces more accurate lag uncertainties. We measure the Hβ broad-line region size–luminosity (R–L) relation with each method using the simulated light curves to assess the impact of selection effects of the design of MOS-RM surveys. The slope of the R–L relation measured by JAVELIN is the least biased among the three methods and is consistent across different survey designs. These results demonstrate a clear preference for JAVELIN over the other two nonparametric methods for MOS-RM programs, particularly in the regime of limited light-curve quality as expected from most MOS-RM programs.
Formation of Power-law Electron Energy Spectra in Three-dimensional Low-β Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Li Xiaocan , Guo Fan , Li Hui , Stanier Adam , Kilian Patrick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
While observations have suggested that power-law electron energy spectra are a common outcome of strong energy release during magnetic reconnection, e.g., in solar flares, kinetic simulations have not been able to provide definite evidence of power-laws in energy spectra of nonrelativistic reconnection. By means of 3D large-scale fully kinetic simulations, we study the formation of power-law electron energy spectra in nonrelativistic low-β reconnection. We find that both the global spectrum integrated over the entire domain and local spectra within individual regions of the reconnection layer have power-law tails with a spectral index p ∼ 4 in the 3D simulation, which persist throughout the nonlinear reconnection phase until saturation. In contrast, the spectrum in the 2D simulation rapidly evolves and quickly becomes soft. We show that 3D effects such as self-generated turbulence and chaotic magnetic field lines enable the transport of high-energy electrons across the reconnection layer and allow them to access several main acceleration regions. This leads to a sustained and nearly constant acceleration rate for electrons at different energies. We construct a model that explains the observed power-law spectral index in terms of the dynamical balance between particle acceleration and escape from main acceleration regions, which are defined based upon a threshold for the curvature drift acceleration term. This result could be important for explaining the formation of power-law energy spectrum in solar flares.
Electron Acceleration in Blazars: Application to the 3C 279 Flare on 2013 December 20
Authors: Lewis Tiffany R. , Finke Justin D. , Becker Peter A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The broadband spectrum from the 2013 December 20

-ray flare from 3C 279 is analyzed with our previously developed one-zone blazar jet model. We are able to reproduce two spectral energy distributions (SEDs), a quiescent and flaring state, the latter of which had an unusual SED, with hard

-ray spectrum, high Compton dominance, and short duration. Our model suggests that there is insufficient energy for a comparable X-ray flare to have occurred simultaneously, which is an important constraint given the lack of X-ray data. We show that first- and second-order Fermi acceleration are sufficient to explain the flare, and that magnetic reconnection is not needed. The model includes particle acceleration, escape, and adiabatic and radiative energy losses, including the full Compton cross section, and emission from the synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and external Compton processes. We provide a simple analytic approximation to the electron distribution solution to the transport equation that may be useful for simplified modeling in the future.
Investigating Particle Acceleration in the Wolf–Rayet Bubble G2.4+1.4
Authors: Prajapati Prachi , Tej Anandmayee , Palacio Santiago del , Benaglia Paula , CH Ishwara-Chandra , Vig Sarita , Mandal Samir , Ghosh Swarna Kanti 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The supersonic winds produced by massive stars carry a large amount of kinetic power. In numerous scenarios such winds have been proven to produce shocks in which relativistic particles are accelerated emitting nonthermal (NT) radiation. Here, we report the first detection of NT emission from a single stellar bubble, G2.4+1.4, associated with a WO star. We observed this source with the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope in Band 4 (550–850 MHz) and Band 5 (1050–1450 MHz). We present intensity and spectral index maps for this source that are consistent with synchrotron emission (average spectral index, α = −0.83 ± 0.10). The fraction of the available kinetic wind power that is converted into cosmic-ray acceleration is estimated to be of the order of a few percent. This finding constitutes an observational breakthrough and gives new insight on the NT physical processes taking place in the environments of isolated massive stars. In particular, our results show that non-runaway isolated massive stars are capable of accelerating relativistic particles and are therefore confirmed as sources of Galactic cosmic rays.
Correlation of Gleason Grading and Prognostic Immunohistochemistry Markers (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/neu and Androgen Receptor) in Prostatic Core Needle Biopsy: A Study in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Senapati Utsha , Sengupta Moumita , Datta Chhanda , Chatterjee Uttara , Pal Dilip Kumar , Das Diya , Poddar Piyali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Worldwide prostate cancer is the most common cause of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among men. Transrectal ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies are the diagnostic modalities which help in proper categorization and grading of prostatic carcinoma, thus facilitating individualized treatment. These biopsies are the primary source for performance of additional diagnostic immunohistochemical testing for basal cell-associated markers to rule out the morphological mimicker and prognostic markers such as androgen receptor (AR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in the department of pathology in collaboration with department of urosurgery of a tertiary care hospital. One hundred and nineteen patients diagnosed with prostatic nodules were included in this study. Values of serum prostate-specific antigen were recorded. Tissue for histopathological study was obtained in the form of core needle biopsy, and Gleason grade was calculated in all malignant cases. Immunohistochemistry for p63 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase was performed as an additional test in premalignant cases. Prognostication of the prostate cancer cases was done using AR and HER2/neu. Results: A total of 119 cases aged between 20 and 90 years were included in this study. Malignant lesions reveal an increase in the percentage of AR staining in comparison to the benign glandular structure. The Gleason score with higher value (8–9) showed increased expression of HER2/neu receptor. Conclusion: Critical histopathological analysis of core needle biopsy along with immunohistochemical evaluation maximizes the diagnostic accuracy in prostate cancer cases and also helps in prognosis assessment.
Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: An Enigma among Medical Practitioners
Authors: Krishnan Shalini , Shetty Vijith , Shetty Jayarama , Babu Gogineni Subhas , Rajeev TP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Context: Owing to the increasing number of cancer cases, and introduction of newer drugs like bisphosphonates (BP) for the management of metastatic bone disease, complications such as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) have come into light. However, several of the treating physicians are not fully aware of this adverse effect. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of physicians regarding BRONJ and practices related to bisphosphonate use. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study conducted among health-care professionals in various medical institutions in Mangalore. Subjects and Methods: A questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge and awareness of physicians about osteonecrosis of the jaw and practices related to bisphosphonate use, consisting of 21 questions, 12 – knowledge based and 9 – practice based. The questionnaire was validated and distributed among 113 doctors; their responses assigned scores, tabulated and assessed. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results: More than 50% of the medical professionals had a score <40%, which shows a lack of knowledge about BP and BRONJ. About 45% of the medical professionals in the study group failed to identify the clinical features of BRONJ, and 67.26% were unaware of the risk associated with tooth extractions and oral surgical procedures in the development of the condition. Conclusion: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis is almost exclusively seen in the jaws and hence, the diagnosis usually made by a dental practitioner. Lack of awareness of jaw osteonecrosis among the medical practitioners can result in delay in providing the right treatment.
Animals positive for Yersinia pestis in Armenia
Authors: Danielyan Ruben 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the species composition of mammals and parasites involved in the epizootic process of plague in Armenia and their geographic distribution.Introduction: Plague was first identified in Armenia in 1958 when Y. pestiswas isolated and cultured from the flea species Ct. teres collected from the burrows of common voles in the northwestern part of the country. In the process of digitalizing archived data, a statistical and spatial analysis of the species composition of mammals and parasites involved in the epizootic process of plague between 1958 and 2016 was performed.Methods: The plague archives of the NCDCP were exploited. The geographic addresses from which strains of Y. pestis were isolated from mammals and their parasite species were analyzed and grouped into 38 administrative regions (Fig.1). For geostatistical analysis, databases were created using Microsoft Excel and converted into a ESRI Geodatabase (Fig.2).Results: Data from the especially dangerous pathogen laboratories indicate that 9329 Y. pestis strains were isolated in 27 of the 38 regions of the country with 7022 (75%) of the strains found in just four regions: Abovyan 2597 (28%), Sisian 1953 (21%), Martuni 1416 (15%) and Ashotsk 1056 (11%) (Fig.3). During this period, plague bacteria were isolated from 17 mammal species including 15 rodents, Mustela nivalis (weasel), and Neomys fodiens (shrew) (Fig.4). Y. pestis was isolated from 22 species of fleas belonging to 11 genera along with two families of ticks. Of the 9329 bacterial isolates, 6540 (70.2%) came from fleas, 2646 (28.3%) came from mammals and 143 (1.5%) were from ticks (Fig.5).Conclusions: In Armenia, the primary mammalian host for Y. pestis is the common vole Microtus arvalis from which 2600 isolates (27.9%) were taken. Flea species from which large numbers of plague bacteria have been isolated include Ct. teres-3758 (40.3%), Ct. wladimiri-1262 (13.5%) and C. caspia-667 (7.1%).
<htm>Ocorrência de larvas de crustáceos na desembocadura do Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá, Paraná (Brasil)</htm>
Authors: E outros Patricia Akemi Inoue 
Published: October 2019

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Stratigraphic Studies in the Jurassic of Northeastern Mexico: Evidence for the Origin of the Sabinas Basin
Authors: Longoria Jose F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Jurassic sequence of northeastern Mexico includes Oxfordian through Tithonian-aged marine sediments that were deposited in eight environments: (1) sabkha, (2) nearshore, (3) lagoonal, (4) shoal, (5) inner-shelf, (6) restricted-shelf, (7) open-shelf, and (8) pelagic. Lithologic correlations relate the sections studied with the type sections of coeval rocks described from the Sierra de Parras. Based on their lithic characteristics they are assigned to the Minas Viejas, Zuloaga, La Gloria, La Caja, La Casita, and San Angel Formations.
Three biohorizons are established: (1) the first stratigraphic occurrence of the ammonite Idoceras in the early Kimmeridgian, (2) the first appearance of calpionellids in the middle Tithonian, and (3) the first occurrence of Calpionella elliptica Cadish at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. Two lowerings of sea level are identified in the sections studied, the first in early Kimmeridgian and the second in the early Tithonian. These two drops of sea level are separated by a sea-level rise in the middle Tithonian. Eustatic changes of sea level are associated with tectonism in the area.
Active transform faulting in the Gulf of Mexico region resulted in the juxtaposition of Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian shallow- and deep-water facies. The translations along transcurrent faults result in a SE-NW displacement of about 300 kilometers, which caused the formation of the Sabinas Basin of northeastern Mexico. Late Jurassic sea-floor spreading in the central Gulf of Mexico is regarded as the driving mechanism.
The Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian and late Tithonian paleogeographies of northeastern Mexico are reconstructed, and parallel lineal facies belts are envisioned which account for the sporadic distribution of the Jurassic shallow-water facies in northeastern Mexico.
Outer-Ramp Limestones of the Zuloaga Formation, Astillero Canyon, Zacatecas, Mexico
Authors: Meyer Martha G. , Ward William C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A thick section of Zuloaga Limestone (Oxfordian) crops out in Astillero Canyon about 30 km south of Concepcion del Oro, Zacatecas, Mexico and about 50 km southeast of the type locality of the Zuloaga Formation. Here the Zuloaga Formation is predominantly a carbonate mudstone-wackestone with minor amounts of grainstone. The section is divided into the following facies, in order of their volumetric importance: (1) skeletal mudstone and wackestone, (2) pellet mudstone and wackestone, (3) pellet packstone-grainstone, (4) ooid-peloid grainstone-packstone, (5) ooid grainstone, and (6) algal boundstone. In addition, there are a few thin dolomite beds. Northward toward the Coahuila Peninsula and eastward toward the Tamaulipas Arch the Zuloaga Limestone thins and contains more grainstone and evaporite.
The Zuloaga Limestone was deposited on a carbonate ramp which sloped gently southward from the Coahuila Peninsula and westward from the Tamaulipas Arch. On the inner part of the ramp, carbonate sediment accumulated in peritidal environments. The area of Astillero Canyon was on the “outer ramp”, probably 150 km south of the southern shoreline of the Coahuila Peninsula. At this locality, Zuloaga limestones were deposited predominantly in low-energy subtidal environments. The thickness of the Zuloaga Formation indicates that this was a relatively rapidly subsiding part of the epicontinental basin, but carbonate accumulation kept up with subsidence and shallow-water regimes prevailed.
Measured sections of the Zuloaga Limestone on both limbs of the same anticline are difficult to correlate, indicating that lithic units are not laterally extensive. The vertical sequences suggest that shallow-water depositional environments frequently shifted from place to place as the epicontinental shelf continuously subsided. Thus, the Zuloaga strata at Astillero Canyon lack the predominately regressive characteristics of the age-equivalent Smackover Limestone in South Texas. Assuming that the grainstone and algal-stromatolite represent deposition in the shallowest water, the stratigraphic section at Astillero Canyon may be divided into at least eight major “shoaling-upward” sequences.