bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving patient safety in Libya: insights from a British health system perspective
Authors: Elmontsri Mustafa , Almashrafi Ahmed , Dubois Elizabeth , Banarsee Ricky , Majeed Azeem 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Patient safety programmes aim to make healthcare safe for both patients and health professionals. The purpose of this paper is to explore the UK’s patient safety improvement programmes over the past 15 years and explore what lessons can be learnt to improve Libyan healthcare patient safety.

Design/methodology/approach
Publications focusing on UK patient safety were searched in academic databases and content analysed.

Findings
Several initiatives have been undertaken over the past 15 years to improve British healthcare patient safety. Many stakeholders are involved, including regulatory and professional bodies, educational providers and non-governmental organisations. Lessons can be learnt from the British journey.

Practical implications
Developing a national patient safety strategy for Libya, which reflects context and needs is paramount. Above all, Libyan patient safety programmes should reference internationally approved guidelines, evidence, policy and learning from Britain’s unique experience.

Originality/value
This review examines patient safety improvement strategies adopted in Britain to help developing country managers to progress local strategies based on lessons learnt from Britain’s unique experience.
Extracting inflation risk premium from nominal and real bonds using survey information
Authors: Vicente José , Kubudi Daniela 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to forecast future inflation using a joint model of the nominal and real yield curves estimated with survey data. The model is arbitrage free and embodies incompleteness between the nominal and real bond markets.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology is based on the affine class of term structure of interest rate. The model is estimated using the Kalman filter technique.

Findings
The authors show that the inclusion of survey data in the estimation procedure improves significantly the inflation forecasting. Moreover, the authors find that the monetary policy has significant effects on the inflation expectation and risk premium.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to estimate inflation using a joint model of nominal and real yield curves with Brazilian data. Moreover, the authors propose a simple arbitrage-free model that takes it account incompleteness between the nominal and real bond markets.
The impact of dividend announcements on share price and trading volume
Authors: Felimban Razaz , Floros Christos , Nguyen Ann-Ngoc 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stock market response to dividend announcements in high growth emerging markets of Gulf countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample includes 1,092 dividend announcements from 299 listed firms over the period 2010-2015.

Findings
In the environment where there is an absence of capital gain and income tax, the authors find some evidence for the stock price reaction that partly supports the signaling hypothesis. The findings show that the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) market is inefficient because of the leakage information before the announcement in bad news, and the delay of share price adjustment in good news. In addition, the authors report significant trading volume (TV) reaction in all the three announcements clusters, where dividends increase, decrease, and are constant, lending support to the hypothesis that the dividend change announcements have an impact on the TV response due to different investors’ preferences.

Originality/value
This is the first empirical paper on market reaction in share price and TV around dividend announcement using data for the majority of GCC countries.
FDI and economic growth: the role of natural resources?
Authors: Hayat Arshad 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the foreign direct investments (FDI)-growth nexus and the impact of natural resource abundance in the host country on the FDI-growth nexus.

Design/methodology/approach
For a large data set of 104 countries for the period 1996-2015, Arellano and Bond’s GMM estimation method is applied to investigate the impact of FDI inflow on economic growth and the role of the natural resource sector on the FDI-growth relationship.

Findings
The paper found a positive and significant effect of FDI inflows on economic growth of the host country. However, the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth changes with the changes in the size of the natural resource sector. The estimated positive impact of FDI inflows on economic growth declines with the expansion in the size of natural resources. Beyond a certain limit, a further expansion in the size of natural resource sector will lead to a negative effect of FDI on economic growth.

Research limitations/implications
The paper found a positive and significant impact of FDI inflows on economic growth of the host country. However, the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth changes with the changes in the size of the natural resource sector. The estimated positive impact of FDI inflows on economic growth declines with the expansion in the size of the natural resources. Beyond a certain limit, a further expansion in the size of the natural resource sector will lead to a negative effect of FDI on economic growth. The same analysis is repeated for groups of countries divided into different income groups. FDI inflows are found to have significant growth enhancing role in all three groups of countries. However, FDI inflows-induced growth was found to be more pronounced in the middle- and low-income countries compared to high-income countries. Further, FDI-induced economic growth is slowed down in low-income and middle-income countries by the increase in size of the natural resource sector. While in high-income countries, the size of the natural resource sector has no significant role on the FDI-growth nexus.

Practical implications
While countries use their natural resource sector as an instrument to attract FDI into the countries, low- and middle-income countries face the dilemma of experiencing the resource curse in the form of watered down FDI-induced growth. Therefore, low- and middle-income countries need to try at the same time to attract FDI into the non-resources sector to keep the relative size of the natural resource sector low as to avoid hampering the FDI-induced economic growth. High-income countries, on the other hand, do not experience the FDI-induced growth hampering impact of the natural resource sector. Therefore, high-income countries should attract FDI into the countries regardless of the sector attracting the foreign investments.

Originality/value
The paper is part of the author’s PhD research and is an original contribution.
Nonmarket and market strategies, strategic uncertainty and strategic capabilities
Authors: Parnell John A. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeAmidst rapid development in emerging economies, greater emphasis on public–private partnerships and a more complex regulatory environment, nonmarket strategy (NMS) is now widely viewed as a key component of a firm’s overall strategy. This paper aims to investigate how nonmarket and market strategies are influenced by strategic uncertainties and capabilities and ultimately drive firm performance.Design/methodology/approachA survey addressing strategic uncertainties, capabilities, NMS and market strategy and firm performance was administered online to 193 practicing managers in the USA. Measures for competitive strategy (i.e. cost leadership and differentiation), NMS, management and marketing capabilities, competitive and technology uncertainties and firm performance were adopted from or based on previous work. Hypotheses were tested via SmartPLS.FindingsEmphasis on NMS was linked to high marketing capability, high competitive uncertainty and high technology uncertainty. Cost leaders were more likely than differentiators to emphasize on NMS, although all three strategies were positive drivers of performance. NMS appears to be viewed as a part of an integrated strategic approach by managers in many organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample included mangers in multiple industries. Self-typing scales were used to assess strategic emphasis and firm performance.Practical implicationsEmphasis on NMS can promote firm performance, but the relationship is complex. Strategic managers should align the NMS with organizational capabilities and a market-oriented strategy appropriate for the firm.Originality/valueThis paper provides empirical support for a model linking select strategic uncertainties, capabilities, market strategy and NMS and firm performance. It supports NMS as a key performance driver, but with links to uncertainties and capabilities that differ from those of market strategies.
Knowledge exploration and ICT knowledge exploitation through human resource management
Authors: Santoro Gabriele , Usai Antonio 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to assess the relationships among human resource management (HRM), information and communication technology (ICT), knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration.Design/methodology/approachTo reach the study’s goal, The authors applied a quantitative methodology involving ordinary least squares on a sample of 129 Italian firms.FindingsResults confirm a direct and significant effect of HRM practices on knowledge exploration and a moderation effect of ICT knowledge exploitation on the relationship between HRM practices and knowledge exploration.Originality/valueThe relationship between knowledge management (KM) and HRM is relevant given that HRM can affect organizational culture and the management of strategic knowledge within firms, which is a primary resource to achieve better positioning in the markets. Nevertheless, the implicit link between KM and HRM has been theoretically suggested, but it requires further exploration, in particular through quantitative analysis.
Are Relationship Enhancement and Behavior Management “The Golden Couple” for Disruptive Child Behavior? Two Meta‐analyses
Authors: Leijten Patty , Melendez‐Torres G.J. , Gardner Frances , van Aar Jolien , Schulz Susanne , Overbeek Geertjan 
Published: March 2018

Parenting programs for reducing disruptive child behavior are built on two main perspectives: relationship enhancement (i.e., unconditional sensitivity diminishes disruptiveness) and behavior management (i.e., conditional rewards diminish disruptiveness). Two meta‐analyses (156 and 41 RCTs; Ntotal = 15,768; Mchildage = 1–11 years) tested the theoretical model that integrating relationship enhancement with behavior management is superior to behavior management alone. The integrative approach showed no overall superiority. Relative to behavior management, the integrative approach was superior in treatment settings, but inferior in prevention settings (Meta‐analysis 1). The integrative approach and behavior management approach did not have differential sustained effects up to 3 years after the program (Meta‐analysis 2). Findings argue against current practice to implement the same parenting programs in treatment and prevention settings.
Detecting silent seizures by their sound
Authors: Parvizi Josef , Gururangan Kapil , Razavi Babak , Chafe Chris 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe traditional approach to interpreting electroencephalograms (EEGs) requires physicians with formal training to visually assess the waveforms. This approach can be less practical in critical settings where a trainedEEGspecialist is not readily available to review theEEGand diagnose ongoing subclinical seizures, such as nonconvulsive status epilepticus.MethodsWe have developed a novel method by whichEEGdata are converted to sound in real time by letting the underlying electrophysiological signal modulate a voice tone that is in the audible range. Here, we explored whether individuals without any priorEEGtraining could listen to 15‐second sonifiedEEGand determine whether theEEGrepresents seizures or nonseizure conditions. We selected 84EEGsamples to represent seizures (n = 7), seizure‐like activity (n = 25), or nonperiodic, nonrhythmic activity (normal or focal/generalized slowing, n = 52).EEGsfrom single channels in the left and right hemispheres were then converted to sound files. After a 4‐minute training video, medical students (n = 34) and nurses (n = 30) were asked to designate each audio sample as “seizure” or “nonseizure.” We then compared their performance with that ofEEG‐trained neurologists (n = 12) and medical students (n = 29) who also diagnosed the sameEEGs on visual display.ResultsNonexperts listening to single‐channel sonifiedEEGs detected seizures with remarkable sensitivity (students, 98% ± 5%; nurses, 95% ± 14%) compared to experts or nonexperts reviewing the sameEEGs on visual display (neurologists, 88% ± 11%; students, 76% ± 19%). If theEEGs contained seizures or seizure‐like activity, nonexperts listening to sonifiedEEGs rated them as seizures with high specificity (students, 85% ± 9%; nurses, 82% ± 12%) compared to experts or nonexperts viewing theEEGs visually (neurologists, 90% ± 7%; students, 65% ± 20%).SignificanceOur study confirms that individuals withoutEEGtraining can detect ongoing seizures or seizure‐like rhythmic periodic patterns by listening to sonifiedEEG. Although sonification ofEEGcannot replace the traditional approaches toEEGinterpretation, it provides a meaningful triage tool for fast assessment of patients with suspected subclinical seizures.
Experimental analysis of soft‐tissue fossilization: opening the black box
Authors: Purnell Mark A. , Donoghue Philip J. C. , Gabbott Sarah E. , McNamara Maria E. , Murdock Duncan J. E. , Sansom Robert S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTaphonomic experiments provide important insights into fossils that preserve the remains of decay‐prone soft tissues, tissues that are usually degraded and lost prior to fossilization. These fossils are among the most scientifically valuable evidence of ancient life on Earth, giving us a view into the past that is much less biased and incomplete than the picture provided by skeletal remains alone. Although the value of taphonomic experiments is beyond doubt, a lack of clarity regarding their purpose and limitations, and ambiguity in the use of terminology, are hampering progress. Here we distinguish between processes that promote information retention and those that promote information loss, in order to clarify the distinction between fossilization and preservation. Recognizing distinct processes of decay, mineralization and maturation, the sequence in which they act, and the potential for interactions, has important consequences for analysis of fossils, and for the design of taphonomic experiments. The purpose of well‐designed taphonomic experiments is generally to understand decay, maturation and preservation individually, thus limiting the number of variables involved. Much work remains to be done, but these methodologically reductionist foundations will allow researchers to build towards more complex taphonomic experiments and a more holistic understanding and analysis of the interactions between decay, maturation and preservation in the fossilization of non‐biomineralized remains. Our focus must remain on the key issue of understanding what exceptionally preserved fossils reveal about the history of biodiversity and evolution, rather than on debating the scope and value of an experimental approach.
A Naturally Occurring Deletion in the Effector Domain of H5N1 Swine Influenza Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Regulates Viral Fitness and Host Innate Immunity
Authors: Wang Junyong , Zeng Yan , Xu Shuai , Yang Jiayun , Wang Wanbing , Zhong Bo , Ge Jinying , Yin Lei , Bu Zhigao , Shu Hong-Bing , Chen Hualan , Lei Cao-Qi , Zhu Qiyun 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus regulates innate immune responses via various mechanisms. We previously showed that a naturally occurring deletion (the EALQR motif) in the NS1 effector domain of an H5N1 swine-origin avian influenza virus impairs the inhibition of type I interferon (IFN) in chicken fibroblasts and attenuates virulence in chickens. Here we found that the virus bearing this deletion in its NS1 effector domain showed diminished inhibition of IFN-related cytokine expression and attenuated virulence in mice. We further showed that deletion of the EALQR motif disrupted NS1 dimerization, impairing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sequestration and competitive binding with RIG-I. In addition, the EALQR-deleted NS1 protein could not bind to TRIM25, unlike full-length NS1, and was less able to block TRIM25 oligomerization and self-ubiquitination, further impairing the inhibition of TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination compared to that with full-length NS1. Our data demonstrate that the EALQR deletion prevents NS1 from blocking RIG-I-mediated IFN induction via a novel mechanism to attenuate viral replication and virulence in mammalian cells and animals.

IMPORTANCE
H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have infected more than 800 individuals across 16 countries, with an overall case fatality rate of 53%. Among viral proteins, nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza virus is considered a key determinant for type I interferon (IFN) antagonism, pathogenicity, and host range. However, precisely how NS1 modulates virus-host interaction, facilitating virus survival, is not fully understood. Here we report that a naturally occurring deletion (of the EALQR motif) in the NS1 effector domain of an H5N1 swine-origin avian influenza virus disrupted NS1 dimerization, which diminished the blockade of IFN induction via the RIG-I signaling pathway, thereby impairing virus replication and virulence in the host. Our study demonstrates that the EALQR motif of NS1 regulates virus fitness to attain a virus-host compromise state in animals and identifies this critical motif as a potential target for the future development of small molecular drugs and attenuated vaccines.
Findings and Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Focusing on Acupuncture for Pregnancy-Related Acute Conditions
Authors: Bergamo Thaís Romera , Latorraca Carolina de Oliveira Cruz , Pachito Daniela Vianna , Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Riera Rachel 
Published: March 2018

Introduction Major concerns regarding the use of medication during pregnancy justify the need for safer interventions. Acupuncture is an emerging alternative for several clinical conditions during this period. The objective of this study is to summarise evidence derived from systematic reviews (SRs) focusing on acupuncture for pregnancy-related acute conditions. Methods Review of SRs. A systematic literature search was carried out in several electronic databases, aiming to include all SRs assessing the effects of acupuncture for acute conditions during pregnancy. Methodological quality and quality of the publication/reporting of each SR were assessed by the application of AMSTAR (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews) and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), respectively. Results The initial search retrieved 11 492 records, of which 16 SRs met our inclusion criteria. The average AMSTAR score was 7.3, the lowest score being 3 and the highest 11. The lowest PRISMA score was 12, the highest 25, and the average PRISMA score was 19.9. The results support the proposal that acupuncture might be considered an option for alleviating pain during labour, for correcting breech presentation, and for managing pelvic and back pain during pregnancy. There is insufficient evidence to recommend acupuncture for inducing labour, managing nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy, improving sleep quality, controlling nausea and vomiting associated with Caesarean delivery, and managing urinary infection. Conclusions Acupuncture might be an option for alleviating pain during labour, for correcting breech presentation, and for managing pelvic and back pain during pregnancy. More studies are needed to confirm the effects of acupuncture for other pregnancy-related acute conditions.
Mexican American and South Asian population-based cohorts reveal high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and crucial differences in metabolic phenotypes
Authors: Watt Gordon P , Fisher-Hoch Susan P , Rahbar Mohammad H , McCormick Joseph B , Lee Miryoung , Choh Audrey C , Thanikachalam Sadagopan , Thanikachalam Mohan 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivePrevalence of type 2 diabetes varies by region and ancestry. However, most guidelines for the prevention of diabetes mellitus (DM) are based on European or non-Hispanic white populations. Two ethnic minority populations—Mexican Americans (MAs) in Texas, USA, and South Indians (SIs) in Tamil Nadu, India—have an increasing prevalence of DM. We aimed to understand the metabolic correlates of DM in these populations to improve risk stratification and DM prevention.Research design and methodsThe Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC; n=3023) served as the MA sample, and the Population Study of Urban, Rural, and Semi-Urban Regions for the Detection of Endovascular Disease (PURSE; n=8080) served as the SI sample. Using design-based methods, we calculated the prevalence of DM and metabolic comorbidities in each cohort. We determined the association of DM with metabolic phenotypes to evaluate the relative contributions of obesity and metabolic health to the prevalence of DM.ResultsIn the CCHC (overall DM prevalence 26.2%), good metabolic health was associated with lower prevalence of DM, across age groups, regardless of obesity. In PURSE (overall prevalence 27.6%), probability of DM was not strongly associated with metabolic phenotypes, although DM prevalence was high in older age groups irrespective of metabolic health.ConclusionOur study provides robust, population-based data to estimate the prevalence of DM and its associations with metabolic health. Our results demonstrate differences in metabolic phenotypes in DM, which should inform DM prevention guidelines in non-European populations.
Two-day home blood pressure monitoring may offer an alternative to costlier methods
Authors: Devereux Gavin , Gibney Daniel , Fadhlillah Fiqry , Brown Paul , Macey Neil , Rudland Simon 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundKey benefits of home-based blood pressure measurements are the potential to reduce the risk of ‘white coat hypertension’, encouraging patients to take ownership of their condition and be more actively involved in their long-term condition care, and to move work out of the doctor’s office.AimTo assess whether performing 20 resting blood pressure measurements over a 2-day period would provide a reliable, stable representation of patients’ resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Following clinician recommendation, each participant completed the Stowhealth home blood pressure monitoring procedure.MethodOne thousand and forty-five participants (mean age 66±13 years, 531 women and 514 men) completed the procedure, of 10 resting measurements per day, for 2 days (20 resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings in total). All measurements were made using automated oscillometric monitors.ResultsWithin-patient coefficient of variation for the entire participant cohort was 8% for systolic blood pressure (cohort mean 141±11 mm Hg), and 8% for diastolic blood pressure (cohort mean 79±6 mm Hg). There were no significant differences between the first and second day, for either systolic (142±1vs 141±1 mm Hg, respectively, p>0.05) or diastolic blood pressures (79±1vs 78±1 mm Hg, respectively, p>0.05 in both cases).ConclusionThe overall duration of home blood pressure monitoring may be able to be reduced to just 48 hours. This method would offer meaningful time saving for patients, and financial and time benefits for doctors and their surgery administration.