bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Bladder Filling to Prevent Urinary System Complications in the Management of Placenta Percreta: a Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Özcan Hüseyin , Balat Özcan , Uğur Mete , Sucu Seyhun , Tepe Neslihan , Kazaz Tanyeli 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Introduction The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of filling the bladder on peripartum genitourinary injuries (especially bladder complications) in women with placenta percreta and to compare patient characteristics.
Material and Methods Our prospective cohort study consisted of pregnant women with placenta percreta who underwent planned cesarean hysterectomy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Gaziantep University Hospital between January 2015 and July 2016. Bladders were filled with 300 ml saline solution to determine surgical borders better and enable dissection of the lower uterine segment without excessive bleeding or unintended injury.
Results A total of 66 women were included in the study: 32 women whose bladders were filled during surgery (filled-bladder group) and 34 women whose bladders were not filled (not filled-bladder group). Comparisons of demographic and obstetrical data, surgical parameters, the need for transfusion, and bladder injury rates revealed no significant differences between the two groups. We did not observe any beneficial effect of filling the bladder on preventing urinary complications compared with the women whose bladders were not filled (p = 0.339).
Conclusions Filling the bladder with saline solution and mobilization of the bladder from the lower uterine segment did not have a statistically significant beneficial effect on preventing complications of the genitourinary system. But although the beneficial effects were not significant, shorter operation times, shorter postoperative hospital stays, and fewer bladder injuries were noted in patients whose bladders were filled.
Fallhäufungen von Skabies an Schulen und Einsatz von Ivermectin
Authors: Weigl Josef 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zu Pfingsten 2017 kam es an 3 Schulen im Kreis Plön, zu einer Häufung von Skabies. Mehrere Klassen sollten auf Klassenfahrt gehen oder kamen von einer Fahrt mit symptomatischen Schülern zurück.
Methode Die Fallhäufungen wurden mittels schnellem Ermitteln, Fallbestätigung vor Ort, Hausbesuche im Umfeld der Indexpatienten und Einsatz von Ivermectin simultan als Behandlung und Postexpositionsprophylaxe, je nach den Charakteristika des Ausbruchs, bekämpft.
Ergebnisse Der Indexfall in Schule A war seit 5 Monaten symptomatisch, aber als Ekzem diagnostiziert worden. Nicht alle Fälle ließen sich auf diesen Indexfall zurückführen. Eine Behandlung der ganzen Schule wurde in 3 Schritten binnen 10 Tagen durchgeführt – Schritt 1 begann 48 h nach Meldung. Die „attack rate“ betrug 6,4% (19 von 298 Schülern). Insgesamt wurden 93% der Schüler und 100% der Lehrer behandelt. Für Schule B mit 2 sporadischen, von einander unabhängigen, Fällen wurde nur ein Warnhinweis herausgegeben. In Schule C wurden die beiden betroffenen Klassen behandelt und 2 Hauptkontaktklassen reihenuntersucht – 7 von 39 (18%) der betroffenen Klassen waren symptomatisch, aber kein Schüler in den Kontaktklassen.
Schussfolgerung Die Endemizität an Skabies scheint viel höher zu sein als bisher vermutet. Mittels Einsatz von Ivermectin konnte das Gesundheitsamt schnell agieren und belegen, dass interventionelles Public Health möglich ist. Allerdings galt es zahlreiche Hindernisse zu überkommen. Eltern und Lehrer waren überaus kooperativ und dankbar.
Incidence of Autoimmune and Related Disorders After Resolution of Endogenous Cushing Syndrome in Children
Authors: Tatsi Christina , Keil Meg , Lyssikatos Charalampos , Belyavskaya Elena , Stratakis Constantine , Lodish Maya 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlucocorticoids are widely used for immunosuppression in autoimmune diseases. After the resolution of hypercortisolemia, the immune system recovers allowing for autoimmune diseases to manifest. Here we investigated the presence of autoimmune and related diseases that developed after cure of endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) in children. We identified 129 children who were diagnosed and successfully treated for endogenous CS at the National Institutes of Health from 1997 until 2017, and who were followed for at least 6 months after treatment. We performed a retrospective chart review analysis to identify the presence of autoimmune or related diseases after cure. Ten children were diagnosed with a new autoimmune or related disorder after resolution of hypercortisolemia. This results in a frequency of 7.8% of our pediatric CS population. The identified patients had a shorter duration of hypercortisolemia prior to diagnosis, but did not otherwise differ from the remaining patients. The various identified diseases were: celiac disease (n=1), psoriasis (n=1), Hashimoto thyroiditis (n=1), Graves disease (n=1), optic neuritis (n=2), skin hypopigmented lesions/vitiligo (n=2), allergic rhinitis/asthma (n=1), and neuropathy responding to glucocorticoid treatment (n=1). The reported time between the treatment of CS and diagnosis of autoimmune disorder ranged from 6 to 19 months. The presence of autoimmune or related diseases might be masked by the hypercortisolemic state in endogenous CS. After resolution of hypercortisolemia, the presentation of new autoimmune diseases or recurrence of previously known autoimmune conditions should be considered when concerning symptoms arise.
Effects of Curcuminoids Plus Piperine on Glycemic, Hepatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Panahi Yunes , Khalili Nahid , Sahebi Ebrahim , Namazi Soha , Simental-Mendía Luis , Majeed Muhammed , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Introduction Curcuminoids have been shown to reduce glycemia and related complications in diabetes. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of curcuminoids plus piperine administration on glycemic, hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.
Methods T2D patients aged 18–65 years were enrolled in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial and randomly allocated to standard-of-care treatment and dietary advises plus either curcuminoids (daily dose of 500 mg/day co-administered with piperine 5 mg/day) or placebo for a period of 3 months. Glycemic, hepatic and inflammatory parameters were measured at baseline and final conditions.
Results A total of 100 subjects (50 in each group) completed the 3-month period of trial. A significant reduction was found in serum levels of glucose (−9±16 mg/dL vs. −3±11 mg/dL in curcuminoids and placebo groups, respectively; p=0.048), C-peptide (−0.6±0.8 ng/mL vs. 0.02±0.6 ng/mL; p<0.001) and HbA1c (−0.9±1.1% vs. −0.2±0.5%; p<0.001) after curcuminoids supplementation versus placebo group. Additionally, participants in the intervention group showed lower serum alanine aminotransferase (−2±6 vs. −1±5; p=0.032) and aspartate aminotransferase (−3±5 vs. −0.3±4; p=0.002) levels compared with the placebo group. Finally, no significant differences in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations were observed between curcuminoids and placebo groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion The results of the present trial revealed a beneficial effect of curcuminoids plus piperine supplementation on glycemic and hepatic parameters but not on hs-CRP levels in T2D patients.
Representing ethical reality: a guide for worldly non-naturalists
Authors: FitzPatrick William J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEthical realists hold (i) that our ethical concepts, thoughts, and claims are in the business of representing ethical reality, by representing evaluative or normative properties and facts as aspects of reality, and (ii) that such representations are at least sometimes accurate. Non-naturalist realists add the further claim that ethical properties and facts are ultimately non-natural, though they are nonetheless worldly. My aim is threefold: to elucidate the sort of representation involved in ethical evaluation on realist views; to clarify what exactly is represented and how non-naturalism comes into the picture for non-naturalists; and to defend worldly non-naturalism against some objections. The first question addressed is how we should model evaluation on any realist view, which should in turn guide the identification of which properties and facts are credibly regarded as ‘evaluative’ ones. Then the question is: what role might non-natural properties and facts play, and how are they related to what is represented in ethical evaluation? Once that is clear, we will be in a position to answer certain objections to non-naturalist realism from Jackson, Gibbard, Bedke, and Dreier. I argue that the objections all mischaracterize the role played by non-natural properties and facts on plausible versions of non-naturalist realism.
Effect of water-cooling treatment times on properties of friction stir welded joints of 7N01-T4 aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhang T H , Wang Y , Fang X F , Liang P , Zhao Y , Li Y H , Liu X M 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Due to the deformation caused by residual stress in the welding process, welded components need treatment to reduce welding distortion. In this paper, several different times of flame-heating and water-cooling treatment were subjected to the friction stir welding joints of 15mm thick 7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy sheets to study the microstructure variation of friction stir welding joints of 7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy, and to analyze the effect on micro-hardness, tensile and fracture mechanical properties. This investigation will be helpful to optimize treatment methods and provide instruction on industrial production.
MUGAN: multi-GPU accelerated AmpliconNoise server for rapid microbial diversity assessment
Authors: Lee Byunghan , Min Hyeyoung , Yoon Sungroh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMotivationMetagenomic sequencing has become a crucial tool for obtaining a gene catalogue of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in a microbial community. A typical metagenomic sequencing produces a large amount of data (often in the order of terabytes or more), and computational tools are indispensable for efficient processing. In particular, error correction in metagenomics is crucial for accurate and robust genetic cataloging of microbial communities. However, many existing error-correction tools take a prohibitively long time and often bottleneck the whole analysis pipeline.ResultsTo overcome this computational hurdle, we analyzed and exploited the data-level parallelism that exists in the error-correction procedure and proposed a tool named MUGAN that exploits both multi-core central processing units and multiple graphics processing units for co-processing. According to the experimental results, our approach reduced not only the time demand for denoising amplicons from approximately 59 h to only 46 min, but also the overestimation of the number of OTUs, estimating 6.7 times less species-level OTUs than the baseline. In addition, our approach provides web-based intuitive visualization of results. Given its efficiency and convenience, we anticipate that our approach would greatly facilitate denoising efforts in metagenomics studies.Availability and implementationhttp://data.snu.ac.kr/pub/muganSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Star formation induced by cloud–cloud collisions and galactic giant molecular cloud evolution
Authors: Kobayashi Masato I N , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Recent millimeter/submillimeter observations towards nearby galaxies have started to map the whole disk and to identify giant molecular clouds (GMCs) even in the regions between galactic spiral structures. Observed variations of GMC mass functions in different galactic environments indicates that massive GMCs preferentially reside along galactic spiral structures whereas inter-arm regions have many small GMCs. Based on the phase transition dynamics from magnetized warm neutral medium to molecular clouds, Kobayashi et al. (2017, ApJ, 836, 175) proposes a semi-analytical evolutionary description for GMC mass functions including a cloud–cloud collision (CCC) process. Their results show that CCC is less dominant in shaping the mass function of GMCs than the accretion of dense H i gas driven by the propagation of supersonic shock waves. However, their formulation does not take into account the possible enhancement of star formation by CCC. Millimeter/submillimeter observations within the Milky Way indicate the importance of CCC in the formation of star clusters and massive stars. In this article, we reformulate the time-evolution equation largely modified from Kobayashi et al. (2017, ApJ, 836, 175) so that we additionally compute star formation subsequently taking place in CCC clouds. Our results suggest that, although CCC events between smaller clouds are more frequent than the ones between massive GMCs, CCC-driven star formation is mostly driven by massive GMCs $\gtrsim 10^{5.5}\,M_{\odot }$ (where M⊙ is the solar mass). The resultant cumulative CCC-driven star formation may amount to a few 10 percent of the total star formation in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies.
Students’ mathematical performance, metacognitive experiences and metacognitive skills in relation to integral-area relationships
Authors: Radmehr Farzad , Drake Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have explored students’ understanding of the relationship between definite integrals and areas under curves, but not their metacognitive experiences and skills while solving such problems. This paper explores students’ mathematical performance, metacognitive experiences and metacognitive skills when solving integral-area tasks by interviewing nine university and eight Year 13 students using a think-aloud protocol. The findings show that the students could have benefitted from their teachers and lecturers placing greater emphasis on both their conceptual understanding of integral-area relationships and their metacognitive experiences and skills.
Impact of Anesthesia on Hospital Mortality and Morbidities in Geriatric Patients Following Emergency Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Qiu Chunyuan , Chan Priscilla H. , Zohman Gary L. , Prentice Heather A. , Hunt Jessica J. , LaPlace Diana C. , Nguyen Vu T. , Diekmann Glenn R. , Maletis Gregory B. , Desai Vimal 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
To determine the impact of anesthesia type on in-hospital mortality and morbidity for geriatric fragility hip fracture surgery.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Integrates health care delivery system across 38 facilities in the United States.

Patients/Participants:
We identified 16,695 patients 65 years of age and older who underwent emergent hip fracture repairs between 2009 and 2014 through the Kaiser Permanente hip fracture registry and excluded pathologic or bilateral fractures.

Intervention:
Hip fracture surgery with general or regional anesthesia.

Main Outcomes Measures:
Data on in-hospital mortality, time to death, discharge disposition, and length of stay (LOS) were analyzed among the following anesthesia types: general anesthesia (GA), regional anesthesia (RA), and intraoperative conversions from regional to general (Cv).

Results:
Compared with RA, the hazard ratio for GA for in-hospital mortality was 1.38 and 2.23 for the Cv group; the time ratio for GA-associated time to death was 0.97 and 0.89 for the Cv group. The GA-associated time ratio for LOS before discharge was 1.01, and the hazard ratio for home discharge was 0.86, but no significance was found with the Cv group.

Conclusions:
RA may offer advantages over GA for fragility hip fracture surgeries when possible. In-hospital mortality, time to death, increased LOS, and discharge to an institute rather than home were all adversely influenced by GA. Furthermore, the previously understudied Cv group demonstrated adverse outcomes for in-hospital mortality and time to death.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluating the Utility of the Lateral Elbow Radiograph in Central Articular Olecranon Reduction: An Anatomic and Radiographic Study
Authors: Kubik Jeremy , Schneider Prism , Buckley Richard , Korley Robert , Duffy Paul , Martin Ryan 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
The surgical reduction of intra-articular olecranon fractures is judged primarily on the lateral elbow radiograph, as orthogonal imaging of the articular surface is not obtainable. We sought to determine surgeon accuracy in identifying intra-articular olecranon malreductions on the lateral elbow radiograph.

Methods:
Six human fresh-frozen cadaveric elbow specimens were sagittally sectioned in 5-mm increments after olecranon dissection, preservation of soft tissue envelope, and rigid fixation of the elbow in an external fixator. Three patterns of central intra-articular olecranon malreduction were created in each elbow using a ruler and bone saw. Perfect lateral elbow radiographs were taken of each malreduction, and these images were randomized along with x-rays of normal cadaveric olecranons. The image series was presented to 4 masked trauma-trained surgeons to determine whether the olecranon was malreduced or anatomic. Surgeons interpreted the same image series on 2 separate occasions separated by 6 weeks. Percent correct was recorded, and the interobserver and intraobserver reliability was calculated.

Results:
Orthopedic trauma surgeons correctly identified olecranon malreductions only 73% of the time on the lateral elbow radiograph. Interobserver agreement was moderate for the first review of images and fair for the second review, with respective Fleiss Kappa values of 0.43 and 0.28. Intrarater reliability revealed moderate agreement with Cohen's Kappa value ranging from 0.56 to 0.66.

Conclusions:
Intra-articular olecranon malreductions are inconsistently recognized by trauma surgeons on the lateral elbow radiograph. Therefore, articular incongruity may still be present after surgical fixation of comminuted olecranon fractures. We must further define the radiographic anatomic representation of the articular olecranon to improve surgical reduction and clinical outcomes.
Diagnosis and Management of Polytraumatized Patients With Severe Extremity Trauma
Authors: McKinley Todd O. , Gaski Greg E. , Vodovotz Yoram , Corona Benjamin T. , Billiar Timothy R. 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
Multiply injured patients with severe extremity trauma are at risk of acute systemic complications and are at high risk of developing longer term orthopaedic complications including soft-tissue infection, osteomyelitis, posttraumatic osteoarthritis, and nonunion. It is becoming increasingly recognized that injury magnitude and response to injury have major jurisdiction pertaining to patient outcomes and complications. The complexities of injury and injury response that affect outcomes present opportunities to apply precision approaches to understand and quantify injury magnitude and injury response on a patient-specific basis. Here, we present novel approaches to measure injury magnitude by adopting methods that quantify both mechanical and ischemic tissue injury specific to each patient. We also present evolving computational approaches that have provided new insight into the complexities of inflammation and immunologic response to injury specific to each patient. These precision approaches are on the forefront of understanding how to stratify individualized injury and injury response in an effort to optimize titrated orthopaedic surgical interventions, which invariably involve most of the multiply injured patients. Finally, we present novel methods directed at mangled limbs with severe soft-tissue injury that comprise severely injured patients. Specifically, methods being developed to treat mangled limbs with volumetric muscle loss have the potential to improve limb outcomes and also mitigate uncompensated inflammation that occurs in these patients.
Critical-Size Bone Defects: Is There a Consensus for Diagnosis and Treatment?
Authors: Nauth Aaron , Schemitsch Emil , Norris Brent , Nollin Zachary , Watson J. Tracy 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
There is a significant burden of disease associated with bone defects, and their management is challenging. These injuries have a profound clinical and economic impact, and outcomes are limited by high rates of complication and reoperation, as well as poor functional outcomes. There remains a lack of consensus around definitions, reliable models, and best practices for the surgical management of bone defects. The current state of the literature on bone defects is reviewed here, with a focus on defining critical-size bone defect, the use of the induced membrane technique, the role of biologics, and the management of infected bone defects.
Outside the Bone: What Is Happening Systemically to Influence Fracture Healing?
Authors: Kates Stephen L. , Satpathy Jibanananda , Petrisor Brad A. , Konda Sanjit R. , McKee Michael D. , Schemitsch Emil H. 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
This article summarizes presentations of a symposium on bone health–related hot topics of the 2016 Basic Science Focus Forum. Taken together, these topics emphasize the critical importance of bone health in fracture management, the systemic factors that influence fracture healing, and the need to focus on issues other than simply the technical aspects of fracture repair.
Management of Mangled Extremities and Orthopaedic War Injuries
Authors: McKinley Todd O. , D'Alleyrand Jean-Claude , Valerio Ian , Schoebel Seth , Tetsworth Kevin , Elster Eric A. 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
In 16 years of conflict, primarily in Iraq and Afghanistan, wounded warriors have primarily been subjected to blast type of injuries. Evacuation strategies have led to unprecedented survival rates in blast-injured soldiers, resulting in large numbers of wounded warriors with complex limb trauma. Bone and soft tissue defects have resulted in increased use of complex reconstructive algorithms to restore limbs and function. In addition, in failed salvage attempts, advances in amputation options are being developed. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art limb-salvage methods for both soft tissue and bone. In addition, we discuss advances in diagnostic methods with development of personalized clinical decision support tools designed to optimize outcomes after severe blast injuries. Finally, we present new advances in osteointegrated prostheses for above-knee amputations.
Principles of Nonunion Management: State of the Art
Authors: Nauth Aaron , Lee Mark , Gardner Michael J. , Brinker Mark R. , Warner Stephen J. , Tornetta Paul , Leucht Philipp 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
A substantial proportion of fractures can present with nonunion, and the management of nonunion continues to present a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. A variety of biological, mechanical, patient, and injury factors can contribute to the occurrence of nonunion, and often the cause of nonunion may be multifactorial. Successful management often requires assessment and treatment of more than one of these factors. This article reviews common factors that may contribute to nonunion including infection, impaired biology, and metabolic disorders. In addition, new and evolving strategies for diagnosing the cause and effectively treating nonunion including the diagnosis of infection, metabolic workup, bone grafting, cell-based therapies, and biological adjuvants are reviewed and discussed.