bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metasztatikus hormonérzékeny prosztatadaganat korszerű kezelése
Authors: Küronya Zsófia , Bíró Krisztina , Géczi Lajos , Maráz Anikó 
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The treatment of metastatic prostate cancer can be divided into two pathophysiological phases: hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant phases. Huggins’ observation in the year 1941, which was awarded with the Nobel Prize in 1966, has a key role in treatment during the hormone-sensitive phase, stating that if the testicles are removed, the size of the prostate cancer decreases. Inducing androgen deprivation, i.e., testosterone depletion is the basic treatment of metastatic prostate cancer that patients have to receive life-long. In the past eight years, five new agents have been approved besides docetaxel in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and radium-223. With the sequential application of these agents, significant improvement can be achieved in survival. Besides the latest developments, the hormone-sensitive phase has become the focus of attention, especially in the treatment of patients with de novo metastases and poor prognosis. Many studies have proven the outstanding efficacy of adding early docetaxel and abiraterone to androgen deprivation therapy. The authors give a detailed overview of clinical studies leading to a paradigm change in treatment during the hormone-sensitive phase, and call attention to the difficulties encountered in Hungarian practice. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 1664–1671.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Screening for Asymptomatic Brain Tumors: A Review
Authors: Neugut Alfred I. , Sackstein Paul , Hillyer Grace C. , Jacobson Judith S. , Bruce Jeffrey , Lassman Andrew B. , Stieg Philip A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Brain tumors comprise 2% of all cancers but are disproportionately responsible for cancer-related deaths. The 5-year survival rate of glioblastoma, the most common form of malignant brain tumor, is only 4.7%, and the overall 5-year survival rate for any brain tumor is 34.4%. In light of the generally poor clinical outcomes associated with these malignancies, there has been interest in the concept of brain tumor screening through magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we will provide a general overview of the screening principles and brain tumor epidemiology, then highlight the major studies examining brain tumor prevalence in asymptomatic populations in order to assess the potential benefits and drawbacks of screening for brain tumors.

Implications for Practice
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening in healthy asymptomatic adults can detect both early gliomas and other benign central nervous system abnormalities. Further research is needed to determine whether MRI will improve overall morbidity and mortality for the screened populations and make screening a worthwhile endeavor.
Prediction of Arteriovenous Fistula Clinical Maturation from Postoperative Ultrasound Measurements: Findings from the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study
Authors: Robbin Michelle L. , Greene Tom , Allon Michael , Dember Laura M. , Imrey Peter B. , Cheung Alfred K. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Huber Thomas S. , Kaufman James S. , Radeva Milena K. , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Shiu Yan-Ting , Vazquez Miguel A. , Umphrey Heidi R. , Alexander Lauren , Abts Carl , Beck Gerald J. , Kusek John W. , Feldman Harold I. ,   the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study Group
Published: October 2018

Background
The utility of early postoperative ultrasound measurements in predicting arteriovenous fistula (AVF) clinical maturation is uncertain.

Methods
We investigated the relationships of ultrasound parameters with AVF clinical maturation in newly created AVF, measured at 1 day and 2 and 6 weeks, in 602 participants of a multicenter, observational cohort study. A backward elimination algorithm identified ultrasound measurements that independently predicted unassisted and overall AVF maturation. Candidate variables included AVF blood flow, diameter, and depth, upper arm arterial diameter, presence of stenosis, presence of accessory veins, seven case-mix factors (age, sex, black race, AVF location, diabetes, dialysis status, and body mass index), and clinical center. We evaluated the accuracy of the resulting models for clinical prediction.

Results
At each ultrasound measurement time, AVF blood flow, diameter, and depth each predicted in a statistically significant manner both unassisted and overall clinical maturation. Moreover, neither the remaining ultrasound parameters nor case-mix factors were associated with clinical AVF maturation after accounting for blood flow, diameter, and depth, although maturation probabilities differed among clinical centers before and after accounting for these parameters. The crossvalidated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for models constructed using these three ultrasound parameters was 0.69, 0.74, and 0.79 at 1 day and 2 and 6 weeks, respectively, for unassisted AVF clinical maturation and 0.69, 0.71, and 0.76, respectively, for overall AVF maturation.

Conclusions
AVF blood flow, diameter, and depth moderately predicted unassisted and overall AVF clinical maturation. The other factors considered did not further improve AVF maturation prediction.
Inter-institutional Framework towards Ensuring SDGs in Somaliland, Transformative Paradigm
Authors: Madar Mohamed , Subari Mustafa Din , Baqutayan Shadiya M.S. 
Published: October 2018

The United Nations (UN) Rio+20 summit obligated nations to develop set of universal development goals as indicated in the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). These goals were designated to enhance and further improve strategies cope with failures of the expired millennium development goals (MDGs) (Under-Secretary-General, 2013). Researches and other official reports at present indicate that SDGs are the extension or the continuation of the expired MDGs. The MDGs were mostly relief projects toward improving human life through aid based approach. The MDGs projects did not thus so far remarkably improve the target sectors but alleviated hunger and reduced extreme poverty in some countries while countries like Somaliland, hunger and poverty are on the increase. This doesn’t mean that MDGs were totally failed projects, but to indicate that the set targets were not improved as supposed to be due to lack of context based national strategic framework. Additional monitoring and evaluation of MDGs was haphazard since there had not been specific indicators adopted to report the progress. The SDGs signed up by the Somaliland government this year (2017) would inherit challenges hindered MDGs to produce the anticipated outcomes if they are not strategically avoided. Socioeconomic development and national sustainability are often posed as being in conflict because of tradeoffs between the growing demands of least developed counties like Somaliland as well as lower standards of living and poor capacity of the national institutions. This review paper suggests a need to adopt an indigenous integrated framework, which ensures that synergy is exploited and collaborative strategies are put in place towards achieving SDG targets. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework and key recommendations focusing on filling the gaps left in the MDGs and accelerate in achieving the new goals and targets of SDGs.
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RENAL CANCER
Authors: Zaridze D. G. , Mukeriya A. F. , Shan’gina O. V. , Matveev V. B. 
Published: October 2018

Kidney cancer consists of renal cell cancer (RCC) accounting for over 90 % of all kidney carcinomas and the transitional cell cancer. Clear cell cancer is a predominant type (80–85 %) of RCC. Smoking, overweight, obesity, hypertension, occupational exposures to pesticides, specifically to trichloroethylene are considered causal risk factors for sporadic i.e. non-hereditary RCC. The majority of sporadic RCC have polygenic etiology. They develop as a result of combined effect of large number of low penetrance genetic susceptibility genes (genetic polymorphism). The interplay of exposures to environmental risk factors and genetic susceptibility of exposed individuals is believed to influence the risk of developing sporadic RCC. Inheritance of high penetrance genes is associated with very high risk of the RCC. To these genes belongs, for example, VHL (von Hippel–Lindau). Germline mutations in VHL are causing VHL syndrome and hereditary type of RCC. Risk of RCC in individuals with germ-line mutations is very high however the proportion RCC associated with these events is very low (>5–7 %). Environmental factors virtually do not influence the risk of these cancers.The studies in molecular epidemiology based on candidate gene approach have shown that certain types (variants) of polymorphisms of GST, MTHFR, TYMS, VHL genes are associated with RCC. The genome wide association studies identified over twenty locus with single nucleotide polymorphism affecting the risk of RCC. The risk loci so far identified for RCC account for only about 10 % of the familial risk of RCC. Thus more studies with larger sample size are needed. As more RCC susceptibility alleles are discovered, deciphering the biological basis of risk variants should provide new insights into the biology of RCC that may lead to new approaches to prevention, early detection and therapeutic intervention.
METASTASIS OF RENAL CANCER TO BREAST: DESCRIPTION OF CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Chernova E. V. , Khaylenko V. A. , Zhukova L. G. , Abdullaev A. G. , Komov D. V. , Lyubchenko L. N. , Khaylenkо A. V. , Kudashkin N. E. , Burov D. A. 
Published: October 2018

The main method of treatment of local stages of clear cell renal cancer is surgical. The question of conducting adjuvant irradiation and chemotherapy after radical operations is open. Patients with solitary distant metastases and a favorable prognosis may become candidates for surgical treatment. Surgical removal of isolated solitary metastases allows to achieve 35–60 % of 5-year overall survival. The patient, observed in N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology with metastasis of renal cancer in the pancreas, and then in the breast is an extremely rare clinical case presented in this article.
18F-PSMA-1007 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER: CLINICAL OBSERVATION
Authors: Dolgushin M. B. , Meshcheryakova N. A. , Odzharova A. A. , Matveev V. B. , Nevzorov D. I. , Platonova O. E. , Kochergin P. V. 
Published: October 2018

Objective: demonstration of possibilities of18F-prostate specific membrane antigen-1007 (18F-PSMA-1007) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for diagnostic prostate cancer recurrence.The article presents clinical observation of the patient with prostate cancer biochemical recurrence after the multiple treatment.18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrates high sensitivity in prostate cancer recurrence diagnostic, in particular with low prostatic specific antigen level.
LARGE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL NEOPLASM OF LOW MALIGNANT POTENTIAL: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Tomilov A. A. , Seregin I. V. , Veliev E. I. , Paklina O. V. , Setdikova G. R. 
Published: October 2018

Last World Health Organization 2016/ISUP (International Society of Urologic Pathologists) papillary urinary tumor classification include papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). This type of tumor is characterized by minimal atypia as well as low recurrence and progression rates. The article describes a clinical case of large PUNLMP treatment.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 9 IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Cherdantseva T. M. , Bobrov I. P. , Varlamov S. V. , Myadelets M. N. , Klimachev I. V. , Avdalyan A. M. , Ganov D. I. , Lazarev A. F. 
Published: October 2018

Objective: to assess matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression in renal cell carcinoma cells and cells of intratumoral inflammatory infiltrates depending on clinical and morphological characteristics and postoperative survival.Materials and methods. We evaluated MMP-expression in 108 renal cancer tissue specimens. The intensity of immunohistochemical staining was estimated by measuring integral optical density in cytoplasm.Results. We found that the integral optical density of MMP-9 immunostaining in tumor cells and cells of intratumoral inflammatory infiltrates correlates with important prognostic factors for renal cancer, including histological type of cancer, TNM stage, tumor size, Fuhrman nuclear grade, metastasis, and 5-year postoperative survival.Conclusion. Integral optical density of MMP-9 immunostaining is an additional prognostic factor for renal cell carcinoma.
HYPOXIA-DEPENDANT MECHANISMS OF REGULATING NEOANGIOGENESIS AND APOPTOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY RECURRENT LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Kit O. I. , Bova F. S. , Maksimov A. Yu. 
Published: October 2018

Objective. Examination of the expression of genes responsible for hypoxia-dependent control of transcription, neoangiogenesis, and apoptosis in tumor tissue of the prostate, in patients with localized prostate cancer (РС) with biochemical recurrence (BR) and without recurrences after radical prostatectomy (RPE).Materials and methods. The main group included 56 patients with localized PC who had been diagnosed with BR within two years after RP. 60 patients with localized PC who did not relapse had a comparative group. 55 patients in whom operative biopsy specimens of the prostate gland were taken within healthy tissues with the removal of benign prostatic hyperplasia were combined into a control group. Determination of the expression level of the BAX, BCL2, VEGFA and HIF1α genes in tumor tissue was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. In patients with localized PC after RPE, development of BR is associated with an increase in the expression of BCL2, VEGFA and HIF1α genes and a decrease in the expression of the BAX gene. In patients with localized PC and early recurrence of tumor tissue through a hypoxia-dependent factor that enhances transcritical processes in tumor cells, neoangiogenesis is activated, which is associated with inhibition of apoptosis of tumor cells by enhancing the expression of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2.Conclusion. Determination of the expression of BAX, BCL2, VEGFA and HIF1α genes in tumor tissue with localized PC allows further assessment of the risk of disease progression after surgical treatment.
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE THERAPIES FOR PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Enikeev D. V. , Rapoport L. M. , Amosov A. V. , Enikeev M. E. , Chinenov D. V. , Snurnitsyna O. V. , Gerasimov A. N. , Dzhalaev Z. K. , Gaas M. Ya. , Laukhtina E. A. , Taratkin M. S. 
Published: October 2018

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men. Radical prostatectomy (open, laparoscopic, or robotic) remains the main method of surgical treatment for prostate cancer. However, minimally invasive therapies for prostate cancer are becoming increasingly popular in recent years, because they have similar efficacy as open surgery. The most studied minimally invasive therapies are cryoablation, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and brachytherapy.Despite the minimization of damage to neighboring structures, minimally invasive procedures can cause a number of complications, like any other surgical interventions. Each method has specific limitations and the most typical complications. Since multiple minimally invasive methods are currently available, we can ensure an individual approach to each particular patient, thus using the advantages of the methods and avoiding possible complications. This article covers the most frequent and severe complications of minimally invasive therapies for prostate cancer, as well as the methods of their prevention and treatment.
ROBOT-ASSISTED PELVIC LYMPH NODE DISSECTION USING ICG TESTING IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Aboyan I. A. , Pakus D. I. , Pakus S. M. , Grachev S. V. , Berezin K. V. 
Published: October 2018

The objective is to investigate the possibility of using fluorescent testing in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using indocyanine green (ICG testing) during pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in patients with localized prostate cancer.Materials and methods. Fifteen minutes prior to robot-assisted PLND, intraprostatic transperineal administration of 0.4 ml of indocyanine green (ICG) per lobe under transrectal ultrasound control was performed. Fluorescence map was used. After activation of the FireFly mode, fluorescence of the lymph nodes was evaluated. If a sentinel lymph node was present, lymph node dissection was performed using the FireFly mode. If fluorescence was diffuse, PLND using this option wasn’t performed.Results. In total, 35 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent surgery. Mean age was 62.0 ± 6.5 years (41–68 years), mean prostatespecific antigen level prior to surgery was 15.6 ± 11.3 ng/ml (1.5–27.0 ng/ml). Postoperative examination revealed micrometastases in the lymph nodes in 7 (20 %) cases. Sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 29 patients. Intraoperative examination revealed sentinel lymph nodes metastases in 6 (17 %) cases, in other cases (83 %) metastases were absent. Morphological examination showed that in 5 (83 %) of 6 patients with lesions in the sentinel lymph node, micrometastases in other lymph nodes were present. In patients without lesions in the sentinel lymph node, no micrometastases in other lymph nodes were observed. PLND complications included lymphocele in 3 (8 %) patients, prolonged drain indwelling time in 5 (14 %) patients.Conclusion. Initial experience of our clinic shows reproducibility and low complications profile of fluorescence monitoring in the near-infrared region using ICG testing during robot-assisted PNLD. In conditions of continuous increase in the number of performed robot-assisted radical prostatectomies, ICG testing is a promising minimally invasive method for evaluation of regional metastases allowing to detect the sentinel lymph node. This approach allows to decrease the number of complications associated with PLND.
LASER EN-BLOC RESECTION OF NON-MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER: CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL SPECIFICITIES
Authors: Severgina L. O. , Sorokin N. I. , Dymov A. M. , Tsarichenko D. G. , Enikeev D. V. , Kislyakov D. A. , Rapoport L. M. , Korovin I. A. , Korolev D. O. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives to enhance the morphological diagnostic complex in order to predict postoperative outcomes in a more accurate way and to optimize patients with non-muscular invasive bladder cancer treatment.Materials and methods. The study included 34 patients from 25 to 71 years old underwent laser en-block resection, the most of them were males – 28. In 9 cases multiple carcinomas (2 or more) were found. Huge tumors (2 cm or more in one dimension) were resected in 6 patients. Results. The major part of tumors removed (n = 22) histologically appeared to be papillary urothelial carcinomas with low grade of malignancy and PUNLMP; in 6 cases G2 was verified, one tumor with high malignancy potention – G3. In 3 patients intramuscular invasion was found (invasive carcinoma T2) excluding them from the study.Discussion. Laser en-block resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer appears to be the most optimal approach in operative treatment that provides representative histological material. For correct morphological estimate we recommend either to expand the resection zone to 1 cm which allows to remove circular resection margin or to take extra pinch biopsy from tumor crater (vertical margin). In 3 patients from our study positive circular margin was revealed histologically whereas foci of perineural and perivascular invasion were found in one case. A new subgrading of stage T1 depending on intramuscular invasion depth was suggested whereas the main criteria is the muscularis mucosae involvement.Conclusion. Morphological estimate of circular resection margin provides an ability to predict postoperative outcomes and correct the treatment in one or another way. Subgrading for T1-stage tumors is recommended for following correct postoperative prognosis and possibility of tumor recurrence.
Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls: a prospective study
Authors: Singh Archana , Vijaya K. , Sai Laxmi Kaparati 
Published: October 2018

Background: PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder which is most common in women of reproductive age. PCOS may first present in adolescence, but the incidence of PCOS in adolescence is not known, as diagnostic criteria for PCOS in the adolescent age-group is still not defined, PCOS symptoms tend to overlap with normal pubertal changes making the diagnosis even more challenging. The objective is to study prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls.Methods: Prospective study between November 2017 and March 2018. 117 adolescent girls aged 15 to19 years attending OPD with oligomenorrhea and/or hirsutism were advised for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS on the basis of Rotterdam’s criteria at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Maternity Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad.Results: Prevalence of PCOS in the study was 11.96% in the study group.Conclusions: PCOS is increasingly encountered during adolescence, although the overall prevalence is low and evaluation of PCOS in adolescents is challenging. At this age, life style modification is imperative to prevent long-term metabolic and reproductive complications.
LAHIRNYA PERDA BERBASIS SYARI’AH DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Na'imah Hayatun 
Published: October 2018

Munculnya Perda-perda berbasis syari’ah demikian memunculkan pro dan kontra di masyarakat. Bagi kalangan yang pro-perda berbasis syari’ah, lahirnya perda-perda tersebut dianggap sebagai terobosan untuk menjamin tertib masyarakat, baik dari sisi hubungan antar individu, maupun keterjaminan “moral” individu tersebut di masyarakat. Bagi kalangan yang kontra dengan Perda ini, mereka mengargumenkan bahwa pembentukan Perda berbasis syari’ah dinilai berlebihan, bahkan ada yang menyatakannya secara terbuka bahwa perda-perda tersebut bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Perda barbasis syari’ah tidak dapat langsung dikatakan baik atau tidak menurut hukum, begitu juga tidak dapat dikatakan sejalan atau bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Ada beberapa parameter yang dapat dilakukan untuk melakukan penilaian, yaitu dengan cara Eksekutif Review yang dilakukan oleh Kementrian Dalam Negeri, Judicial Review dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung dan Legislatif Review oleh Lembaga Legislatif.
PROPOSTA DE UM NOVO MODELO DE GOVERNANÇA PORTUÁRIA PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Cutrim Sérgio Sampaio , Botter Rui Carlos , Robles Leo Tadeu 
Published: October 2018

Este artigo analisa o modelo de governança do setor portuário brasileiro. O estudo composto por revisão bibliográfica e aplicação do método Delphi alcançou seu objetivo propondo nova estrutura de governança com aplicação do modelo de corporatização portuária; reformulação e devolução do caráter deliberativo do Conselho de Administração das Autoridades Portuárias e do Conselho Nacional de Integração de Política de Transporte; descentralização do planejamento portuário; criação de ministério responsável por todos os modais de transporte; extinção da Empresa de Planejamento e Logística; fortalecimento e manutenção das funções da Agência Nacional de Transporte Aquaviário e manutenção do modelo Landlord.