bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional Intelligence and Undergraduate Engineering Students
Authors: Charles Skipper  , Lindsay Greenlee  , Jannette Finch  , Kaitlin Marley  
Published: July 2019

Engineers in construction and manufacturing are expected to be able to work with and lead diverse, multidisciplinary teams. Engineering students entering the workforce must be not only technically competent, but also possess skills in working with other people. These traits are frequently lacking with newly graduated engineering students due to the highly technical focus of their curriculum. The opportunity to develop Emotional Intelligence skills is limited. This research proposed that Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) undergraduate students may possess a higher level of Emotional Intelligence than Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) undergraduate students. The research also proposed that if differences were observed, that causal influences could be identified. Undergraduate engineering students at The Citadel completed The TalentSmart Emotional Intelligence Appraisal® along with demographic data and a variety of questions regarding their undergraduate experience. This research included freshman and senior students in Civil and Environmental (CEE) and Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at The Citadel. These surveys suggested that undergraduate engineering students increase their EI score as they advance from Freshman to Senior year. The surveys also suggest that Electrical and ComputerEngineering (ECE) Majors do not advance in their EI scores from Freshman to Senior year as well as Civil and Environmental (CEE) majors. A positive connection was established between work experience and the impact on higher levels of EI. A positive correlation for growth in EI score was also demonstrated for students who attended high schools with smaller graduating classes. Based on the results of this research, the paper proposes CEE and ECE faculty place increased emphasis on encouraging students to pursue summer jobs, internships, and similar extracurricular programs. Both CEE and ECE faculty should evaluate their curriculum with an eye towards inculcating learning opportunities for EI into course work. Additionally, faculty and admission officials should give at least equal consideration to admitting students who graduate from smaller schools that may offer less college prep courses that may appeal to admissions officials.
Imagining a Sustainable Future: Shaping Emergent Thinking by Reflecting Through Aesthetic Action
Authors: Paul W. Chan  , Christine Räisänen  
Published: July 2019

The contested nature of knowledge about sustainable development makes it difficult to embed sustainable development in engineering curricula, which tend to have a deterministic approach to understanding theoretical concepts. Such an approach does not align well with the emergent thinking of sustainable development, where thinking about the future requires dealing not only with what is known, but also with what is unknown and at times unknowable. Text-based approaches that privilege explicit and codified knowledge are limited in helping students visualise what a sustainable future might look like. To facilitate such visualisation would require expansion of the repertoire of tools and artefacts beyond text-based materials. In this article, we critically reflect on a series of student-centred ‘Open-space’ workshops over the past several years aimed at promoting debate and co-production of knowledge around developing sustainable futures using a range of artefacts such as pictorial illustrations, wiki terms, art materials and chill-out music. Attention is paid on critically appraising the role artefacts play in developing knowledge to empower students to collectively reflect on, imagine and visualise sustainable futures.
Effect of two polishing systems on color and surface roughness of feldspathic porcelain following orthodontic bracket debonding and composite resin removal
Authors: Ameli Nazila , Talaei Reihane , Saeedi Saeedeh , Ghorbani Raheb , Askari Bahareh Ali 
Published: July 2019

Objectives
Orthodontic bracket removal from a porcelain crown can roughen the surface and lead to plaque accumulation, discoloration, and esthetic problems. Porcelain polishing after debonding is one strategy to decrease such consequences. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two polishing systems (Sof-Lex discs and Meisinger polishing system) for correction of surface roughness and discoloration of porcelain after orthodontic bracket debonding.

Materials and Methods
Twenty porcelain blocks were evaluated in two groups of 10. First, the baseline surface roughness and color parameters of the samples were measured using atomic force microscopy and spectrophotometry, respectively. After bracket bonding, a fine cutter was used for bracket debonding, and resin remnants were removed by a tungsten carbide bur and low-speed handpiece. Samples were then polished using Sof-Lex discs (group 1) and Meisinger porcelain polishing kit (group 2). Surface roughness and color parameters were measured again. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 through the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student’s t-test, and paired t-test at 5% level of significance.

Results
Porcelain color change (ΔE) was significantly greater in the Meisinger system than Sof-Lex (P < 0.001). The Rq, Ra, and Rt surface roughness parameters significantly increased in both the groups after the intervention compared to baseline (P < 0.05), but the two groups were not significantly different in this respect after the polishing procedures (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The porcelain color after polishing with Sof-Lex discs was closer to the baseline. Furthermore, the two systems were not significantly different regarding surface roughness. However, Sof-Lex discs may be recommended due to lower cost.
Orthodontic treatment in National Dental Centre of Singapore: Trends toward higher proportion of adult patients
Authors: Yen Tan Elaine Li , Song Yi Lin , Zhang Zhengyi , Jun Yong Kevin Jia , Zhang Yang , Yeo Xuening , Sim Yu Fan 
Published: July 2019

Background
Adult patients used to be daunted with the prospect of having fixed appliances to correct malocclusions. However, this has gradually changed and recent literature reported an increasing trend in adults receiving orthodontic treatment. To date, there has been no information regarding the trend of adult orthodontic patients in Singapore.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the proportion of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment at the National Dental Centre Singapore (NDCS) from 2011 to 2017.

Materials and Methods
The study sample consists of all patients who commenced active orthodontic treatment from 2011 to 2017 at the NDCS. The data collected were analyzed for the number, gender, and proportion of adult orthodontic patients treated annually from 2011 to 2017. Linear-by-linear association test was used to test for any significant linear trend in proportion of adult orthodontic patients over the 7 years. Pearson’s Chi-squared test was used to test for any significant gender differences.

Results
There was a significant increasing linear trend (p = 0.001) in the proportion of adult orthodontic patients from 2011 to 2017. No significant difference (p = 0.770) between the proportions of male and female adults undergoing orthodontic treatment was found. The ages of adults undergoing orthodontic treatment ranged from 21 to 73 years old and majority (48.61%) of them was in the 21–25 years old age range.

Conclusion
There is a rising trend in adults seeking orthodontic treatment at the NDCS from 2011 to 2017. No statistically significant gender difference was observed in this rising trend.
The prevalence of orthodontic treatment need and malocclusion problems in 8–9-year-old schoolchildren: A study in the south of Thailand
Authors: Rapeepattana Sirate , Thearmontree Angkana , Suntornlohanakul Supanee 
Published: July 2019

Aims
This study aims to find the prevalence of orthodontic treatment need and malocclusion problems in 8–9-year-old schoolchildren in the south of Thailand.

Materials and Methods
A number of 202 children (100 boys and 102 girls) samples were randomly selected from all schools in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province, Thailand. A cross-sectional survey of dental health component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and malocclusion problems was investigated by clinical examination and dental model.

Results
Levels 4 and 5 of orthodontic treatment need according to DHC of IOTN of the sample were presented in 18.8% and 1.49%, respectively. Children who need orthodontic treatment (Grade 2–4) showed more than one highest DHC problem that indicated the level of treatment need (39.68%). Normal occlusion was found at 6.43%. Malocclusions such as Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III malocclusion were observed in 78.71%, 7.92%, 3.47%, and 3.47%, respectively. Reversed overjet and overjet >9 mm were detected in 5.64% and 1.58%, respectively. Approximately half of the children (46.67%) had overbite >3.5 mm.

Conclusions
High percentage of children in mixed dentition period who need orthodontic treatment was found in this study. Some children who presented with the orthodontic treatment need Grade 2–4 had more than one DHC problem which identified the grade of treatment need. Class I malocclusion was most frequently found in this group of children.
Surgery-first orthognathic approach: A “scoping review” for mapping outcomes and plausible recommendations to develop core outcome sets
Authors: Gandedkar Narayan H. , Dávila María Mélita Chacón , Chng Chai Kiat , Liou Eric J. W. , Darendeliler Ali 
Published: July 2019

Aims and Objectives
The aim of this scoping review was to identify the type of outcomes measured in surgery- first orthognathic approach (SFOA). The objectives were to classify the outcomes into predetermined domains and explore the degree of representation of each domain. Furthermore, to identify which domains are over- or under-represented and determine whether the findings of this scoping review could be employed to provide a template for core outcome sets (COS). Five outcomes were identified, and all the research pertinent to SFOA were assigned to these outcomes.

Materials and Methods
Electronic databases and additional records were searched from January 2009 to March 2019 to source the data, and 525 records were identified.

Results
The initial database and additional search resulted in 525 records, of which 54 potentially relevant articles were retrieved in full. 35 studies met the selection criteria following screening and were included in the scoping review with the results of the search depicted in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Domains such as morphological features or changes in maxillofacial skeleton and occlusion (n = 25, 71.42%) and psychosocial well-being including quality of life outcome (n = 8, 22.85%) were well represented while functional status (n = 1, 2.85%), health resource utilization (n = 0), and adverse effects (n = 1, 2.85 %) were under-represented.

Conclusions
Limited research on SFOA precludes development of COS. However, future SFOA clinical trials should consider underrepresented outcome domains to address the SFOA treatment modality comprehensively.
Molecular detection of Candida species by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR from HIV infected persons
Authors: SandhyaRani T  , Srikumar R  , Prabhakar Reddy E  , Latha S  
Published: July 2019

Oral Candidiasis an important opportunistic fungal infection in HIV patients. This is the first sign of HIV infection. It can spread from the mouth through the pharynx to the oesophagus. Oral Candidiasis is most regularly complicated with oesophagal Candidiasis, which may restrain nourishment and result in weight reduction, alarming the overall health of the HIV tainted persons. In present study, we have a tendency to determine in Candida species by blend of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) examination of PCR from HIV tainted people and furthermore we demonstrated that phenotypic and genotypic identification method was vital to work out the species. We recognized seventy two Candida confines acquired from a hundred and fifty patients contaminated with HIV by utilizing PCR-RFLP assay. All inclusive primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) area (ITS1– ITS4) of the fungal DNA qualities were utilized for this measure. We distinguished the diverse Candida spp. By utilizing the limitation enzyme MspI. Here most of the isolates were obtained from male patients 40(51%). Candida albicans was the recurrent species segregated (46.8%) pursued by C. tropicalis (30.3%), C. glabrata (7.59%), C. parapsilosis (6.3%) C.dubulinesis (6.3%) along with C. krusei (2.5%) detected successfully. PCR- RFLP is a high definite, sensitive, quick, reliable technique and also applicable method for fungal detection in clinical laboratory for identification of medically important Candida spp. It is used for detection of mycological examinations in HIV-positive along with other immunocompromised patients for epidemiological studies.
Formulation and evaluation of bilayer tablets: Glimepiride in floating drug delivery and Metformin in sustained release
Authors: Harish Choodappa  , Subramanian Somaskandan  
Published: July 2019

In this study, we aimed to prepare bilayer tablets of Glimepiride in floating drug delivery and Metformin in sustained release formulation. Glimepiride is chosen in floating drug delivery to overcome the gastric irritation and gastric emptying time. Glimepiride was prepared by different polymers such as guar gum, xanthan gum, carbopol and sodium bicarbonate act as effervescent agent, and other excipients were mixed and compressed by direct compression as the first layer. Metformin was chosen in sustained release to reduce dose frequency using different polymer HPMC K100M, methylcellulose, PVP K30 in different ratio and other excipients were mixed and compressed as the second layer. The first layer and second layer are combined as a bilayer tablet. Tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation; the In vitro studies were done for all formulation. Among all formulation, F2 was selected as best formulation and release kinetics studies were evaluated for formulation F2.
Enantiomeric separation of Midodrine hydrochloride in bulk and pharma-ceutical dosage form by chiral HPLC
Authors: Jenifer Ashwini S  , Narenderan ST  , Meyyanathan SN  , Babu B  , Gowramma B  
Published: July 2019

A simple, sensitive chiral liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation and quantification of enantiomers Midodrine. A chiral PAK IG-3 (150 x 4.6 mm) 3µm column was used for the separation of the enantiomers. The mobile phase consists of 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate in water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 95:5, v/v with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min. The detection was done at 290 nm with column temperature maintained at 40°C. The method linear ranged between 10 – 110 μg/ml and 5 – 100 μg/ml for (+) and (-) Midodrine enantiomers. The recovery of the method was found to be in the range of 99.1 to 101.2 %. The detection limit for the (+) and (-) enantiomers was found to be 4 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml, respectively. A simple validated chiral HPLC method with reverse elusion is described for the separation and quantification of the enantiomers of Midodrine in bulk and formulation.
Assessment and prevalence of depression among cardiovascular disease patients in Nilgiris District observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Anand Vijayakumar PR  , Asem Veeves Singh  , Asish Kumar Saha  , Kavuri Srikar  
Published: July 2019

Depression deter mental catabolic effect over the time, symptomatically affects quality of life which leads to worse health outcomes that linked to higher mortality and morbidity rates with huge impact on public health. Chronic conditions like Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVDs) deteriorates patient health with cognitive impairment that progresses to somatic dysfunction, which can exacerbate to the occurrence and development of depression with the increased risk of inducing Chronic Diseases. Depression are often neglected, overlooked and remains unrecognized and undertreated in the patient, especially in CVDs patient are considered as normal that instances to poor prognosis. The association of depression and CVDs are not incidental, but the lack of diagnosis for the coexistence of these co-morbid condition and poor treatment hindrance the disease outcome. Depression emerges an alarming cardio vascular risk factor which is associated with higher cost of care for the patient as well as burden to the healthcare system. Prior detection and identification with rational intervention of depression at CVDs will help to change the scenario by improving the standard of health and overall quality of life of patient. Here, in this study we assess the prevalence of depression at cardio vascular disease patient in Nilgiris population.
APPROXIMATE CALCULATION OF THE CIRCULAR SOIL CUTTING CAPACITY
Authors: Nikolayev V. A. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Rotary cultivators are necessary for circular soil cutting while forming the underlayment and slopes of highways. Therefore, the objective of the research is a theoretical substantiation of constructive and sensitive parameters for the rotary ripper. The researchers usually use synthesis method to evaluate theoretical evaluation of the energy consumption on the development of soil. The researchers also carry out an indicative calculation of basic design parameters and power drive of rotary ripper.Materials and methods. The author developed a methodology for calculating the indicative rotor power. Moreover, the author detected changes of the effective frontal sections of the working body in the process of the rotor circulation by means of the length measuring of a frontal section.Results. As a result, the author defined rational working parameters of circular cutting ground and calculated the angular velocity of the active working body. Moreover, the author also identified the required average torque and approximate rotor power.Discussion and conclusions. A simple and intuitive method based on accepted formulas of strength of materials, theoretical mechanics and other sciences is required for practical calculations of the working vehicles’ bodies. The author finds out that on the basis of the synthesis method the assessing energy expenditure on the development of soil may be defined, the analysis of the interaction with soil working bodies can be made.
URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT ROAD NETWORKS: PROSPECTS OF METHODS’ OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Mochalin S. M. , Koleber J. A. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction.City passenger transport plays an important role in life of the population of the city and in ensuring the efficient, uninterrupted operation of the entire urban system as a whole. However, currently in the field of urban passenger transport in many cities of Russia a number of significant problems have accumulated. In particular, these are problems of the development of the urban route network, the performance indicators of which determine the level of quality of transport services for the population and the economic effect of the operation of urban passenger transport. In this connection, the study of the prospects for the development of methods for optimizing the urban route network becomes relevant.Materials and methods.The article presents a chronological analysis of methods for optimizing route networks of urban passenger transport. It reflects the specifics of their use, shows the advantages and disadvantages. The authors also reflect the trends in the development of modern methods of optimization of route networks of urban passenger transport. The existing numerous methods for optimizing urban route networks could be divided into two types: heuristic, which have become classical today, and qualitatively new ones – metaheuristic, allowing managing tasks that contain nonlinear functions in the process of optimizing urban route networks. As modern science, software and computing facilities in the studied area have been developing very fast, metaheuristic methods are becoming a promising direction.Results.It had been revealed that over time, methods for optimizing the route networks of urban passenger transport had been improved and made it possible to take into account the opposing interests of the participants in the passenger transportation process in the city, as well as to set a large set of initial parameters and constraints for a mathematical model for optimizing the urban route network. The authors revealed the main features of the optimization of the route networks of urban passenger transport in the conditions of the modern development of science and software and computing facilities in the studied area. To date, there were no exact optimization methods for optimizing urban route networks. The task of optimizing the route network appeared to be combinatorial.Discussion and conclusions.The research is useful not only for the further development of science in the area under study, but also for the practical implementation of the process of optimizing the route networks of urban passenger transport.
LIGHTING ON UNREGULATED PEDESTRIAN CROSSING
Authors: Pavlov S. N. , Pavlova Yu. V. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The actual problem in Russia is the accident rate at pedestrian crossings. The authors conduct the research about the lighting conditions on unregulated pedestrian crossings to improve safety and to identify compliance with current regulations. Moreover, International and Russian researchers point out a large role in ensuring visibility of pedestrians. Increasing of the roadway lightness improves the visibility of pedestrians at night, especially at pedestrian crossings. In addition, world practice shows that after improving the road lighting the number of accidents with pedestrians decreases.Materials and methods. The authors selected unregulated pedestrian crossings, which were the sources of accidents in dark period. The light level was measured using a Victor 1010A light meter. The authors carried out the dimensions at night in clear weather without precipitation, when artificial lighting was turned on.Results. The research revealed that the lighting at pedestrian crossings and especially at the crossings’ approaches did not correspond to standard values even with the artificial lighting. Therefore, the lighting on approaches was important for early pedestrians’ detection by drivers.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the authors present the recommendations for the insufficient visibility’s elimination at the pedestrian crossings. The authors also justify the need to control the lighting level at all unregulated pedestrian crossings and approaches to them.