bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manager migration, learning‐by‐hiring, and cultural distance in international soccer
Authors: Peeters Thomas L. P. R. , Mills Brian M. , Pennings Enrico , Sung Hojun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe investigate the international transfer of managerial know‐how by analyzing manager migration patterns in the setting of international soccer. We characterize a country's managerial know‐how by estimating a stochastic frontier model, which relates the country's soccer performance to socioeconomic and climatic conditions. We find evidence of learning‐by‐hiring in that hiring a migrant manager hailing from a high know‐how country is beneficial to the destination country's performance. Larger cultural distance between the migrant manager and destination country reduces the effectiveness of learning‐by‐hiring, but this effect is moderated by the migrant manager's prior international experience. The transfer of managerial know‐how contributes to the overall convergence of low‐performing versus high‐performing soccer countries.Managerial SummaryIn this study, we ask whether firms in developing countries, which often suffer from having low‐quality management practices, can improve their performance by hiring managers from developed countries, who may implement better management practices. We investigate this in the context of national soccer team competition, because this allows us to track the performance of migrant managers very precisely over time. We find that hiring a migrant manager from a developed soccer country improves the performance of the developing host country. This performance improvement is smaller when the migrant's country of origin is culturally very different from the host, but migrant managers with extensive international experience are able to overcome this negative effect of cultural distance.
Clinical pathway for the community‐level management of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Du Zhaohui , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAimTo assess the results of a type 2 diabetes electronic clinical pathway using an empirical study.MethodsA literature review and expert meetings were used to formulate a community‐based clinical pathway document for type 2 diabetes, and an electronic clinical pathway platform was developed. An intervention study method was adopted in which the electronic clinical pathway management intervention was applied in type 2 diabetes patients from the Weifang Community Health Service Center. The patients were randomly divided into the clinical pathway group (electronic clinical pathway management) or the control group (routine blood glucose control treatment), and the study lasted 1 year. The results of the electronic clinical pathway management for type 2 diabetes was assessed through a comparative analysis of three factors, namely, metabolic markers, standardised management rate, and blood glucose control rate.ResultsThe overall cohort comprised 264 patients. The postintervention blood glucose and blood lipid levels were significantly different between the clinical pathway (n = 132) and control groups (n = 132) (P < .0001). In addition, the fasting blood glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin levels, and blood lipid levels of the clinical pathway group were significantly lower than those in the control group.ConclusionThe type 2 diabetes electronic clinical pathway can effectively improve the diabetes management levels and improve the degree of standardisation and levels of diagnosis and treatment during administration by family doctors. The application of the electronic clinical pathway can be further improved and expanded in community health service centres.
Cadmium Background Levels in Groundwater in an Area Dominated by Agriculture
Authors: Kubier Andreas , Hamer Kay , Pichler Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic trace metal, which can be of geogenic or anthropogenic origin, for example, minerals, phosphate fertilizers, and combustion emissions. Due to its low sorption affinity compared to other heavy metals, Cd is easily mobilized, potentially resulting in elevated Cd concentrations in groundwater. This study assessed background levels of Cd in groundwater related to hydrogeology and hydrogeochemical processes through evaluation of a large hydrogeochemical data set composed of groundwater analyses from 6300 wells in Northwestern Germany. Calculated Cd background levels in groundwater were between 0.01 µg/L in hydrogeological units with mainly reducing conditions and 0.98 µg/L in less reducing groundwater recharge areas. The results showed that groundwater Cd concentrations above 0.5 µg/L (the German threshold value) are not necessarily elevated but could be the regional or ambient background level, depending on the hydrogeological unit. What would be considered as ambient background levels, however, indicated the influence by continuous intensive land use as well as the local geology, which is dominated by glacial deposits. Cadmium concentrations in groundwater were mainly controlled by hydrogeochemical and hydrogeological parameters and not by the amount of anthropogenic Cd input, in particular through the use of phosphate fertilizers. Instead, analyses of the solid phase revealed that Cd release from the aquifer matrix due to changes in hydrogeochemical parameters was more likely. Aquifer sediments in Northwestern Germany can be enriched in Cd originating from multiple sources, which in turn can cause elevated Cd concentrations in groundwater. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–11. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
PRIORITIZING LAND AND WATER INTERVENTIONS FOR CLIMATE‐SMART VILLAGES
Authors: Alam Mohammad Faiz , Sikka Alok K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClimate‐smart villages mean implementing a portfolio of best locally suited climate‐smart agricultural practices in an integrated manner to build resilience of the local community. Land and water interventions form a crucial part of a climate‐smart agricultural practices portfolio, with water availability being the key limiting factor of crop growth. To aid in this decision‐making process of prioritizing land and water interventions, a simple and robust spreadsheet tool based on a water balance is developed. The tool integrates and simulates impacts of land and water interventions on the water balance to determine their impact across climate‐smart agricultural objectives of agricultural productivity, climate change adaptation and mitigation. The tool was implemented in two villages in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The tool performs well in simulating village water balance and its impact on the yield of rainfed and irrigated crop areas. Results show that considerable differences exist within the portfolio of land and water interventions, with only a combination of supply, demand and moisture conservation practices being able to help achieve climate‐smart agricultural objectives. In the best case scenario, yield can be increased by up to 10% and greenhouse gas emission intensity reduced up to 17%. Comparison with stakeholder perception analysis highlights the utility of this tool in providing additional quantitative information in the decision‐making process. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Burosumab Improved Histomorphometric Measures of Osteomalacia in Adults with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: A Phase 3, Single-Arm, International Trial
Authors: Insogna Karl L , Rauch Frank , Kamenický Peter , Ito Nobuaki , Kubota Takuo , Nakamura Akie , Zhang Lin , Mealiffe Matt , San Martin Javier , Portale Anthony A 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), excess FGF23 impairs renal phosphate reabsorption and suppresses production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, resulting in chronic hypophosphatemia and persistent osteomalacia. Osteomalacia is associated with poor bone quality causing atraumatic fractures, pseudofractures, delayed fracture healing, and bone pain. Burosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against FGF23. UX023-CL304 is an ongoing, open-label, single-arm, phase 3 study investigating the efficacy of subcutaneous burosumab, 1.0 mg/kg administered every 4 weeks, in improving osteomalacia in adults with XLH who have not been treated for at least 2 years before enrollment. The primary endpoint was improvement in osteoid volume/bone volume assessed by transiliac bone biopsies obtained at baseline and week 48. Additional assessments included serum phosphorus, markers of bone turnover, fracture/pseudofracture healing, and safety. Fourteen subjects enrolled, 13 completed 48 weeks, and 11 completed paired biopsies. All osteomalacia-related histomorphometric measures improved significantly at week 48 (mean percent change: osteoid volume/bone volume, –54%, osteoid thickness, –32%, osteoid surface/bone surface, –26%, [median] mineralization lag time, –83%). Mean serum phosphorus concentration averaged across the mid-point of the dose cycle between weeks 0 and 24 was 3.3 mg/dL, a 50% increase from 2.2 mg/dL at baseline. Markers of bone formation and resorption increased at week 48 (least squares [LS] mean increase: P1NP, +77%; CTx, +36%; both p &lt; 0.0001). All subjects had one or more treatment-emergent adverse event (AE). Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity. Two subjects experienced serious AEs (migraine; paresthesia) that were unrelated to treatment and resolved. Eleven subjects had 18 biopsy procedure-related AEs: 14 for pain, two for itch, and one each for headache and bandage irritation. No deaths or incidents of hyperphosphatemia occurred. In conclusion, by normalizing phosphate homeostasis, burosumab significantly improved osteomalacia in adults with XLH, which likely explains the improved fracture healing and amelioration of skeletal complications. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Symbolic Sequence Effects on Consumers’ Judgments of Truth for Brand Claims
Authors: King Dan , Auschaitrakul Sumitra 
Published: August 2019

We introduce symbolic sequence effects—the consequences of whether the sequence of the initial letters of a pair of words (e.g., a word representing a putative cause and another word representing a putative effect) conforms to the structure of symbolic sequences that are stored in the mind as overlearned natural language traces (“natural sequence”). We synthesize insights from psychophysics as well as numerical and natural language symbolic representations to demonstrate that consumers are able to unconsciously perceive the mere sequence of symbols contained in a brand claim, and that this sequence information influences judgments of truth. Across three experiments, we showed that when a brand claim is structured in a way that is consistent with the natural sequence of symbols (“A causes B” rather than “B causes A”), people experience feelings of sequential fluency, which in turn influences judgments of truth. This occurs despite the inability of participants to attribute the true source of the feelings. Our results suggest that carefully designed brand claims are likely to benefit from this natural sequencing. These findings provide important contributions to the literatures on processing fluency, branding, and advertising. These findings also have sobering societal implications and warn that fake news might be more persuasive if the perpetrators understand symbolic sequencing techniques.
Direct and indirect seasonal rainfall forecasts for East Africa using global dynamical models
Authors: Colman Andrew W. , Graham Richard J. , Davey Michael K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRegional‐scale seasonal climate outlooks are typically produced using forecast information either local to the region or from another area with teleconnections to the region. Dynamical global long‐range forecast (LRF) systems can provide both types of information, and these two approaches are compared in the context of seasonal rainfall forecasts for two adjoining areas in the Greater Horn of Africa region in tropical East Africa. The direct method utilizes the unprocessed LRF outputs for the region. For the “indirect” method, canonical correlation analysis is used and works by identifying patterns in historical LRF predictions over large tropical domains that relate to observed variability in the East Africa regions. For a given year, projections of the LRF forecasts onto those patterns can then be employed to construct the regional forecasts. This approach takes advantage of the tendency for LRF systems to have greater skill for large‐scale variability than for smaller regional‐scale features. Using case studies, it is found the two approaches contain complementary information: the indirect approach can provide notable skill benefits in years with strong large‐scale forcing while in some years, particularly when large‐scale signals are weak, the “direct” forecast are superior. Skill comparisons over many years found that, although results are region/season dependent, in general the indirect approach has higher skill overall—with improvements equal to or greater than those afforded by a 1‐month reduction in lead time with the direct approach. Results for both methods used separately and in combination are provided for the March–April–May and September‐to‐December seasons in the two regions, using data from currently operational dynamical LRF systems. Skill was best for the September‐to‐December season in the southern region, using “indirect” forecasts. The “direct” approach was better than “indirect” for the March‐to‐May season in the northern region. In general, combination did not produce a substantial benefit.
Risk indicators for marginal bone resorption around implants in function for at least 4 years: A retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Mameno Tomoaki , Wada Masahiro , Otsuki Motohiro , Okuno Ikuhisa , Ozeki Kenji , Tahara Akihiko , Ikebe Kazunori 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMarginal bone stability is considered one of the most important issues in implant dentistry. It is essential to understand how various factors influence bone resorption around implants. The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal study was to identify potential risk indicators associated with marginal bone resorption around implants in function for at least 4 years.MethodsSeveral systemic‐related, intraoral‐related, implant‐related factors were collected. Marginal bone level change (MBLC) was determined by comparing intraoral radiographs taken at baseline (1 year after prosthesis delivery), and at follow‐up (over 3 years from baseline). A hierarchical regression analysis using liner mixed‐effects models was performed to examine correlations between MBLC and various factors.ResultsOverall, 514 patients with 1535 implants were analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 62.9 years. Mean annual MBLC was 0.048 mm, and mean functional time was 5.96 years. The result showed that the following explanatory variables had significant effects on MBLC: functional time, plaque control record > 20%, Eichner index C1‐3, maxilla, cement‐retained superstructure, and keratinized mucosa width < 2 mm. We did not find statistically significant associations between bone resorption and some variables known as risk factors, such as diabetes, smoking, and history of periodontitis.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, longer functional time, poor oral hygiene, loss of occlusal support, location in the maxilla, cement‐retained superstructure, and less keratinized mucosa should be considered as risk indicators for bone resorption around implants.
High‐pressure‐induced phase transition in 1,3‐diphenylurea: The approaching of N–H⋯O hydrogen‐bonded chains
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Qi Yang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe crystal structure and hydrogen‐bonded chains of 1,3‐diphenylurea were found to have abrupt changes when the pressure increased to 1.8 GPa. Based on Raman spectra, the intermolecular interactions, the vibrations of chemical groups, and the molecular conformation were clearly distinguished from the initial state. The anisotropic compression of the original crystal structure and the occurrence of structural phase transition were confirmed by the results of in situ high‐pressure synchrotron X‐ray diffraction experiments. The new phase was stable up to about 10.0 GPa. The inevitable creasing of the N–H⋯O hydrogen‐bonded chains was derived from the remarkable shrink of distance between hydrogen‐bonded chains, which can be treated as the main reason leading to this phase transition. The first‐principle calculations and Hirshfeld surfaces further confirmed the analysis of the experimental results. This study demonstrates that excessively reducing the space between of hydrogen‐bonded chains will rearrange the self‐assembly of supramolecular materials.
Vocal cord function during recurrent laryngeal nerve injury assessed by accelerometry and EMG
Authors: Dahle Geir Olav , Setså Erling Johan , Svendsen Øyvind Sverre , Stangeland Lodve , Heimdal John‐Helge , Henriksen Bård , Husby Paul , Brauckhoff Katrin 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveGradual impairment of nerve conduction is expected to be tightly associated with simultaneous gradual loss of vocal cord contractility, related to the fact that injured axons are connected to a defined number of muscle cells. In clinical studies, there is a time gap between observed adverse electromyographic (EMG) changes and examination of vocal cord function. This study evaluates the impact of intraoperative EMG changes on synchronous vocal cord contractility by simultaneous use of continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (C‐IONM) and accelerometry for registration of actual vocal cord function at a given change of EMG amplitude.MethodsEMG was obtained following vagus nerve stimulation by use of C‐IONM. A vocal cord accelerometer probe that could be attached to the vocal cords was developed based on a LIS3DH ultra low‐power high performance three axis linear accelerometer (STMicroelectronics, Geneva, Switzerland). Accelerometer data were registered continuously together with EMG data during traction injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) until an amplitude depression ≤100 μV.ResultsSix RLN from four immature domestic pigs were studied. Vocal cord contractility assessed by vocal cord accelerometry decreased in parallel with EMG amplitude, with significant correlations ranging from 0.707 to 0.968.ConclusionDecrease of EMG amplitude during traction injury to the RLN injury is closely associated with a parallel drop in vocal cord contractility.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:1090–1096, 2020
Monopole‐like and semi‐directional reconfigurable pattern antenna for wireless body area network applications
Authors: Mohamadzade Bahare , Simorangkir Roy B. V. B. , Hashmi Raheel M. , Gharaei Reza , Lalbakhsh Ali 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA simple, low profile and pattern reconfigurable antenna with a full‐ground plane is presented for use in wireless body area networks at 5.8 GHz ISM band. The antenna consists of a probe‐fed circular patch, and a parasitic ring surrounding it. The ring is loaded with a rectangular slot on each side of the patch, and two PIN diodes are added in the center of each slot. With all the diodes in on‐state, the antenna presents monopole‐like radiation patterns with the gain of 4.2 dBi for maximum coverage on the body, whereas the pattern of the antenna can be directed to ±15° with an increased gain of 2.9 dBi, by turning off each diode for the semi‐directional patterns states. Measured results of the fabricated prototype antenna show good agreement with numerical results obtained using Ansys HFSS.
On the use of Bayesian statistics in the application of adaptive setup protocols in radiotherapy
Authors: Sevillano David , Capuz Ana B. , Gómez Alberto , Colmenares Rafael , Morís Rafael , García Juan D. , Alonso Maddalen , Cámara Miguel , Martínez Ana M. , Béjar María J. , Prieto Daniel , Sancho Sonsoles , Chevalier Margarita , García‐Vicente Feliciano 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo propose adaptive setup protocols using Bayesian statistics that facilitate, based on a prediction of coverage probability, making a decision on which patients should follow daily imaging prior to treatment delivery.Materials and MethodsThe suitability of the treatment margins was assessed combining interfraction variability measurements of the first days of treatment with previous data gathered from our patient population. From this information, we decided if a patient needs an online imaging protocol to perform daily isocenter correction before each treatment fraction. We applied our method to five different datasets. Protocol parameters were selected from each dataset based on coverage probability, the expected imaging workload of the treatment unit, and the accuracy of patient classification. Time trends were assessed and included in the proposed protocols. To validate the accuracy of the protocols, they were applied to a validation dataset of prostate cancer patients.ResultsAdaptive setup protocols lead expected population coverage >97% in all datasets analyzed when time trends were considered. The reduction in imaging workload ranged from 40% in lung treatments to 28.5% in prostate treatments. Results of the protocol on the validation dataset were very similar to those previously predicted.ConclusionsThe adaptive setup protocols based on Bayesian statistics presented in this study enable the optimization of imaging workload in the treatment unit ensuring that appropriate dose coverage remains unchanged.
Army Warrior Care Project (AWCP): Rationale and methods for a longitudinal study of behavioral health care in Army Warrior Transition Units using Military Health System data, FY2008–2015
Authors: Wooten Nikki R. , Brittingham Jordan A. , Hossain Akhtar , Hopkins Laura A. , Sumi Nahid S. , Jeffery Diana D. , Tavakoli Abbas S. , Chakraborty Hrishikesh , Levkoff Sue E. , Larson Mary Jo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesWarrior Transition Units (WTUs) are specialized military units co‐located with major military treatment facilities providing a Triad of Care involving primary care physicians, case managers, and military leadership to soldiers needing comprehensive medical care. We describe the rationale and methods for studying behavioral health care in WTUs and characterize soldiers assigned to WTUs.MethodsThe Army Warrior Care Project (AWCP) analyzes U.S. Department of Defense Military Health System data to examine behavioral health problems and service utilization among Army soldiers who were assigned to WTUs after returning from Afghanistan and Iraq deployments, FY2008–2015.ResultsWTU members (N = 31,094) comprised 3.5% of the AWCP cohort (N = 883,091). Almost all (96.5%) had one WTU assignment for a median of 327 days; 77.3% were assigned before deployment ended, ≤30 or >365 days post‐deployment; 59.4% had deployment‐related behavioral health diagnoses.ConclusionsAn overwhelming majority of soldiers had one WTU assignment for almost a year. A substantial proportion of WTU soldiers had psychological impairment, which limited performance of their military duties. The AWCP is the first longitudinal study of redeployed soldiers assigned to WTUs and provides a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of behavioral health among soldiers needing comprehensive medical care after combat deployments.
Optimizing Automotive Welding Applications with CleanWeld
Authors: Gäbler Frank 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCleanWeld is a unique combination of fiber laser innovation, beam delivery, and process knowledge, which improves part quality, increases throughput, and lowers process costs. It optimizes welding processes to weld zero‐gap galvanized steel, (high‐strengthened) stainless steel, copper, and aluminum with up to 80 % less spatter, lower porosity, and no cracking. In certain welding processes it allows best performance with up to 40 % less laser power.