bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Co‐MnOx Composite Oxide Catalyst Structured onto Al‐Fiber Felt for High‐Throughput O3 Decomposition
Authors: Tao Longgang , Zhao Guofeng , Chen Pengjing , Zhang Zhiqiang , Liu Ye , Lu Yong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA highly active and efficient thin‐felt Al‐fiber‐structured Co‐MnOx composite oxide catalyst (named Co‐MnOx‐Al) with unique form factor and high permeability is developed for high‐throughput catalytic decomposition of gaseous ozone (O3). Thin‐sheet Al‐fiber felt (60 μm diameter; 90 vol % voidage) chips underwent a steam‐only oxidation and calcination for endogenously growing a 0.7‐μm‐thick mesoporous layer of γ‐Al2O3 nanosheets along with the Al‐fiber. Cobalt and manganese were placed onto the ns‐γ‐Al2O3/Al‐fiber chips by incipient wetness co‐impregnation method. The best catalyst is the one with a Co/Mn molar ratio of 0.36 and Co‐Mn loading of 5 wt % after calcining at 500 °C (named Co‐MnOx(0.36)‐Al), being able to achieve full O3 conversion at 25 °C for a feed gas containing 1000±30 ppm O3, using a high gas hourly space velocity of 48000 mL gcat.−1 h−1; full O3 conversion is retained in the absence of moisture till the testing end after 720 min; in case with a relative humidity of 50 %, O3 conversion slides from 88 % of the initial value to a flat of ∼66 % within 90 min. CoOx modification is paramount for improved formation of Mn2+ species while leading to the highest fraction of (Mn2++Mn3+) in total (Mn2++Mn3++Mn4+) and more oxygen vacancies on Co‐MnOx(0.36)‐Al catalyst surface.
Ruthenium Complexes Immobilized on an Azolium Based Metal Organic Framework for Highly Efficient Conversion of CO2 into Formic Acid
Authors: Wu Chao , Irshad Faisal , Luo Maowei , Zhao Yujun , Ma Xinbin , Wang Shengping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA series of efficient heterogenized ruthenium catalysts designated as Rux‐NHC‐MOF (x=1, 2, 3; NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene; MOF=metal organic framework) were successfully synthesized by the immobilization of different ruthenium complexes RuCl3, [RuCp*Cl2]2 (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and [Ru(C6Me6)Cl2]2 (C6Me6=hexamethylbenzene) on an azolium based MOF through post‐synthetic metalation. The heterogenized catalysts were subsequently accessed for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid. The resulting Ru3‐NHC‐MOF catalyst exhibited the highest activity because of its stronger electron‐donating ability of C6Me6 ligand of [Ru(C6Me6)Cl2]2 complex, which is favorable for CO2 hydrogenation reaction. A high turnover number (TON) value up to 3803 was obtained at 120 °C under a total pressure of 8 MPa (H2/CO2=1) for 2 h with K2CO3 additive in N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Furthermore, the heterogenized Ru3‐NHC‐MOF catalyst was effectively recovered through filtration without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Cooperative Catalysis of Nickel and Nickel Oxide for Efficient Reduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Bi Qingyuan , Huang Xieyi , Yin Guoheng , Chen Tianyuan , Du Xianlong , Cai Jun , Xu Jing , Liu Zhi , Han Yifan , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of CO2 to produce value‐added energy chemicals is a promising means for renewable CO2 transformation in low‐carbon energy system, and CO2 methanation has attracted ever‐increasing interest. Herein, we report that the Ni/MCM‐41 catalyst with prominent cooperative effect of Ni and NiO is efficient for CH4 generation with CO2 conversion of 73.2 % and CH4 selectivity of 91.6 % at 400 °C and high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 90000 mL gcat−1 h−1. Combined methodologies of in situ X‐ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reflect the structural evolvements of Ni/MCM‐41 catalyst, the presence of carbonyl intermediates, the co‐existence of metallic and oxidized Ni species with sufficient molar ratio of Ni0/Ni2+ under working conditions. H2 and CO2 molecules are preferentially adsorbed and chemically activated over Ni0 and Ni2+ species, respectively. The possible four‐step reaction mechanism involved carbonyl pathway and the cleavage of C=O bond from CO2 as the rate‐determining step over the engineered Ni/MCM‐41 catalyst was demonstrated.
One‐Shot Measurement of Effectiveness Factors of Chemical Conversion in Porous Catalysts
Authors: Chmelik Christian , Liebau Michael , Al‐Naji Majd , Möllmer Jens , Enke Dirk , Gläser Roger , Kärger Jörg 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork for issue 24/2018 is provided by scientists at the Universität Leipzig, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, and Institute for Non‐Classical Chemistry e. V. (Germany). The image illustrates the use of IR microimaging for monitoring the mean concentration of both reactant and product molecules within a catalyst particle during a chemical reaction, allowing the one‐shot determination of its effectiveness factor. The front cover idea and design by Alaa Al‐Naji is greatly acknowledged. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801530.
Physical Chemistry of Cellular Liquid‐Phase Separation
Authors: Bentley Emily P. , Frey Benjamin B. , Deniz Ashok A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCompartmentalization of biochemical processes is essential for cell function. Although membrane‐bound organelles are well studied in this context, recent work has shown that phase separation is a key contributor to cellular compartmentalization through the formation of liquid‐like membraneless organelles (MLOs). In this Minireview, the key mechanistic concepts that underlie MLO dynamics and function are first briefly discussed, including the relevant noncovalent interaction chemistry and polymer physical chemistry. Next, a few examples of MLOs and relevant proteins are given, along with their functions, which highlight the relevance of the above concepts. The developing area of active matter and non‐equilibrium systems, which can give rise to unexpected effects in fluctuating cellular conditions, are also discussed. Finally, our thoughts for emerging and future directions in the field are discussed, including in vitro and in vivo studies of MLO physical chemistry and function.
Effect of Substitution on the Hysteretic Phase Transition in a Bistable Phenalenyl‐Based Neutral Radical Molecular Conductor
Authors: Stekovic Dejan , Bag Pradip , Shankhari Pritam , Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Itkis Mikhail E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe ability to tune the physical properties of bistable organic functional materials by means of chemistry can facilitate their development for molecular electronic switching components. The butylamine‐containing biphenalenyl boron neutral radical, [Bu]2B, crystalline compound has recently attracted significant attention by displaying a hysteretic phase transition accompanied by simultaneous bistability in magnetic, electrical, and optical properties close to room temperature. In this report, substitutional doping was applied to [Bu]2B by crystallizing solid solutions of bistable [Bu]2B and its non‐radical‐containing counterpart [Bu]2Be. With increasing doping degree, the hysteretic phase transition is gradually suppressed in terms of reducing the height, but conserves the width of the hysteresis loop as observed through magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity measurements. At the critical doping level of about 6 %, the abrupt transformation of the crystal structure to that of the pure [Bu]2Be crystal packing was observed, accompanied by a complete collapse of the hysteresis loop. Further study of the structure–properties relationships of bistable neutral radical conductors based on the [Bu]2B host can be conducted utilizing a variety of biphenalenyl‐based molecular conductors.
Planar Antiaromatic Core‐Modified 24π Hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0) and 32π Octaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0) Bearing Alternate Hybrid Diheterole Units
Authors: Ajay Jayaprakash , Shirisha Sriram , Ishida Masatoshi , Ito Kosuke , Mori Shigeki , Furuta Hiroyuki , Gokulnath Sabapathi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Lewis acid catalyzed self‐condensation of hybrid diheterole (furan‐pyrrole and thiophene‐pyrrole) precursors has afforded novel Hückel antiaromatic 24π hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0) and 32π octaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0) structures without β‐annulated bridges. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of the hybrid porphyrinoids (S3N3‐ox and O4N4‐ox) revealed a nearly planar conformation and the 1H NMR spectra suggest the presence of paratropic ring currents. These antiaromatic macrocycles show characteristic optical features and underwent reversible two‐electron reduction to Hückel aromatic 26π‐ and 34π‐electron species, respectively, as is evident from the results of spectroscopic and theoretical studies (nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) and anisotropy of the current‐induced density (ACID) calculations). The incorporation of hybrid diheteroles alternately into expanded porphyrin skeletons provides a novel approach to the fine‐tuning of the electronic structures of planar antiaromatic macrocycles.
Dehydrative Allylation between Aldehydes and Allylic Alcohols through Synergistic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Haruki Hiroki , Yasuda Shigeo , Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hirohisa Ohmiya and co‐workers at Kanazawa University. The image depicts cooperative action between a thiazolium N‐heterocyclic carbene organocatalyst and a palladium catalyst. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201805955.
On demand knowledge‐based memory‐aided rebroadcast algorithm for multimedia voice data transmission in MANET
Authors: Kanthavel R. , Banumathi J. , Dhaya R. , Algarni Fahad 
Published: December 2018

SummaryMANET refers to wireless networks in which mobile nodes can be easily adapted to change the location dynamically due to their mobility and offers flexibility in the network configuration. An efficient mechanism for reliable exchanging of the multimedia voice messages through MANET nodes is achieved by route discovery of broadcasting operation. A major problem in such systems is the broadcast overhead and retransmission associated with high dense network and less reachability in sparse network. In systems of vastly dynamic nature, to reduce this broadcast overhead in nodes and to increase the reachability in static or semi static nodes in an environment, an enhanced mechanism shore up called On Demand Knowledge‐Based Memory‐Aided Rebroadcast Algorithm for Multimedia voice Data Transmission in MANET (OMRA) is herewith proposed, which operates on both dense and sparse network. In this scheme, hello multimedia voice messages are broadcast to collect one‐hop neighbor information such as mobility factor, node velocity, node density ratio and uncovered neighbors. Additionally, it determines and preserves inquiry data of mobile nodes when the mobility factor is low ensue in sparse network. By considering these varying nature the rebroadcast delay and rebroadcast probability are adjusted adaptively to decide whether to rebroadcast the inward multimedia voice messages. This paper concentrates only on broadcasting the multimedia voice message through MANET nodes in a reliable manner. The performance study of this work is analyzed by various existing algorithms in the literature such as flooding, Gossip1, DBA, and NCPR. The experimental results proves that the proposed OMRA has got an edge over the existing broadcast schemes in terms of broadcast overhead and retransmission of multimedia voice messages, especially to increase reachability in sparse networks.
NSCT domain–based secure multiple‐watermarking technique through lightweight encryption for medical images
Authors: Thakur S. , Singh A.K. , Ghrera S.P. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis paper discusses a lightweight encryption–based secure digital watermarking technique for medical applications. The technique uses redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) along with nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) to improve robustness and imperceptibility. The security of the proposed technique is further improved by incorporating a lightweight (low‐complexity) cryptographic mechanism that is applied after embedding multiple watermarks. The proposed scheme first partitions the host image into subcomponents and then calculates the entropy values for it. To the maximum entropy value, the NSCT is applied, followed by RDWT decomposition. Finally, SVD is applied to obtain a singular vector of RDWT‐decomposed components. The watermark images are also processed using the same procedure mentioned above. The method uses singular values to hide watermarks into a host image. The experimental outcome shows that the combined technique makes our proposed approach more robust and imperceptible, while it is evaluated for various wavelet filters and 10 different types of medical and five different types of nonmedical cover images. Furthermore, the strength of the cryptographic mechanism is tested using standard performance measures and confirms its effectiveness in security. Moreover, it is evident from the results that our method shows improvement in robustness in comparison to previously reported techniques under consideration.
Detection of hidden data attacks combined fog computing and trust evaluation method in sensor‐cloud system
Authors: Zhang Guangxue , Wang Tian , Wang Guojun , Liu Anfeng , Jia Weijia 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWith the popularity of Sensor‐Cloud, its security issues get more attention from industry and academia. Especially, Sensor‐Cloud underlying network is very vulnerable to internal attacks due to its limitations in computing, storage, and analysis. Most existing trust evaluation mechanisms are proposed to detect internal attack issues from the behavior level. However, there are some special internal attacks in the data level such as hidden data attacks, which are normal in the behavior level but generate malicious data to lead user to make wrong decisions. To detect this type of attacks, we design a fog‐based detection system (FDS), which is based on the trust evaluation mechanism in the behavior level. In this paper, three types of scenes (the redundant data, the parameter curve characteristic, and the data validation) are defined, and three detection schemes are given. Some experiments are conducted, which manifest that FDS has certain advantages in detecting hidden data attacks.
Assessing stress associated with temporomandibular joint disorder through Fonseca's anamnestic index among the Saudi physicians
Authors: Al Hayek Samar O. , Al‐Thunayan Mashael F. , AlGhaihab Amjad M. , AlReshaid Reem M. , Omair Aamir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe study aims to investigate signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among physicians in a tertiary health‐care center. It has estimated the level of symptomatology, determined the association with demographic data, and identified the related occupational risk factors. A cross‐sectional survey was used, and physicians of genders, all age groups, and nationalities from King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were recruited. Subjects who had rheumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, trigeminal neuralgia, or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) trauma were excluded. The data were collected through a self‐administered questionnaire that measured TMD severity and oral parafunctional behaviors. Fonseca's anamnestic index (FAI) and an oral validated behavior checklist were used to assess the signs and symptoms of TMD. A total of 282 physicians participated in the study, and the prevalence of TMD signs among physicians was 37% (106); among them, 88 (83%) were within the light dysfunction category. Female physicians reported significantly higher FAI than males for side‐to‐side mandibular movement (12% vs. 5%, P = 0.04), reporting ear pain (18% vs. 10%, P = 0.04), and noticing clicking when chewing or opening the mouth (35% vs. 20%, P = 0.006). Younger practitioners (28–31 years old) who reported clicking while chewing or opening the mouth tended to have reported higher TMD dysfunction (35%) than those aged 40 and above (13%; P = 0.007). Self‐reported signs of TMD were 37% among our population. Information collected from FAI is useful in early diagnosis and prevention of TMD.
Users' motivations to participate in the sharing economy: Moving from profits toward sustainable development
Authors: Gazzola Patrizia , Vătămănescu Elena‐Mădălina , Andrei Andreia Gabriela , Marrapodi Chiara 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe current study explores users' various motivations to participate in the sharing economy, taking into consideration both extrinsic and intrinsic drivers and monetary and nonmonetary benefits. The conceptual and structural model mainstreams a motivational continuum starting from profit making and moving to sustainable development; it also includes factors such as social, environmental, economic, and instrumental benefits. In order to test the relative importance of these motivations and thus their specific influences on user participation and level of profit making, a questionnaire‐based survey was conducted with 1,004 Italian participants in the sharing market. The findings confirmed that sustainable development, socializing, knowledge, and economic incentives are significant influences on the degree of user participation and on the derived profits, whereas motivations related to product availability and practicality proved not to be meaningful in the studied context.
An Interpenetrating Porous Organic Polymer as a Precursor for FeP/Fe2P‐Embedded Porous Carbon toward a pH‐Universal ORR Catalyst
Authors: Zhou Baolong , Yan Fang , Li Xinjian , Zhou Jin , Zhang Weifen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInterpenetrating porous organic polymers (PNFc‐POP) inspired by the structure of DNA were synthesized through a two‐stage polymerization method under catalyst‐free conditions. A ferrocene‐rich hyper‐crosslinked polymer (Fc‐melamine) was interwoven with cyclotriphosphazene‐based conjugated porous polymer (PN‐CMP) to obtain an interconnected polymer network (PNFc‐POP). The sequential interpenetrating polymer network contained a diverse range of heteroatoms (P, N, O and Fe) and exhibited a large BET surface area. Simple pyrolysis of the dual polymer interweaved skeletons at 900 °C afforded nanocrystalline FeP/Fe2P‐embedded N and P codoped porous carbon composites. The optimal catalyst obtained by the pyrolysis of PNFc‐POP at 900 °C (PNFc‐900) exhibited hierarchical porosity and large BET surface areas. It also exhibited excellent oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activities over the entire pH range. The onset potential (Eonset=1.01 V) and half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.86 V) of PNFc‐900 exceeded those of commercial Pt/C (Eonset=0.99 V and E1/2=0.84 V) in alkaline conditions. The obtained catalysts with a four‐electron transfer pathway for the reduction of oxygen also displayed excellent long‐term stability and methanol tolerance.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrroles through Acceptorless Dehydrogenation Hydrogen Autotransfer Catalysis: Experiment and Computation
Authors: Borghs Jannik C. , Azofra Luis Miguel , Biberger Tobias , Linnenberg Oliver , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus , El‐Sepelgy Osama 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA new base metal catalyzed sustainable multicomponent synthesis of pyrroles from readily available substrates is reported. The developed protocol utilizes an air‐ and moisture‐stable catalyst system and enables the replacement of themutagenic α‐haloketones with readily abundant 1,2‐diols. Moreover, the presented method is catalytic in base and the sole byproducts of this transformation are water and hydrogen gas. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction takes place through a combined acceptorless dehydrogenation hydrogen autotransfer methodology.
Neutron Scattering Investigations of Hydride Species in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Polo‐Garzon Felipe , Luo Si , Cheng Yongqiang , Page Katharine L. , Ramirez‐Cuesta Anibal J. , Britt Phillip F. , Wu Zili 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is a collaboration team at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The image shows how neutron scattering can uniquely identify hydride species in a hydrogenation reaction over a catalyst surface. The background is a set of neutron analyzers in the VISION instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) of ORNL. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201801890.
Hürthle cell metaplasia in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: Role of age factor and review of literature on its molecular pathogenesis
Authors: Das Dilip K. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesHürthle cell (HC) metaplasia is an important feature of chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto) thyroiditis (HT). However, it is rarely observed in juvenile form HT. In a study based on fine needle aspiration cytology, the cytomorphological difference between pediatric HT and its adult form was studied, with special attention on HC metaplasia and its pathogenesis.Materials and methodsThe frequency of following 12 cytomorphological features in 16 pediatric and 104 adult HT cases were compared: follicular cells, lymphoid cells, HCs, plasma cells, lympho‐histiocytic aggregates, epithelioid histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, fire‐flare appearance, colloid, intracytoplasmic lumen (ICL) with or without colloid inclusion, paravacuolar granules, and cyst cells. The age decade distribution of HC metaplasia was analyzed.ResultsSignificant difference was observed between pediatric HT and its adult form in respect of HC metaplasia and ICL with colloid inclusion in HC. HC were present in 7 (43.8%) of pediatric and 94 (90.4%) of adult HT cases (P = 0.00006). 1 (6.3%) pediatric and 35 (33.7%) adult HT cases had ICL with colloid inclusion in HC (P = 0.03698). As compared to first two decades of life, significantly higher number of cases revealed HC metaplasia in every decade from third decade onwards (P = 0.01290–0.00009); however, the difference in respect of ICL with colloid inclusions attained significance during sixth decade only (P = 0.00235).ConclusionsHürthlization, which appears to be survival response, is rare in pediatric HT and becomes more pronounced starting from third decade onwards; significant increase in ICL with colloid inclusion is a much more delayed phenomenon.