bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incarcerating Exceptional Pupils: Is There a School‐to‐Prison Pipeline in Eastern Oklahoma?*
Authors: Fitzgerald Brett A. , Hunt Valerie H. , Kerr Brinck 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveWe examine the referral of students, including special needs students, from public schools in eastern Oklahoma to the Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs (OJA), the state's juvenile justice authority.MethodsUsing data from 154 public schools in 10 eastern Oklahoma counties and using ordinary least squares and Tobit analyses, we explore the following general research question: Do some schools refer students to the OJA at greater rates than other schools, and if so, why?ResultsThe results indicate that greater percentages of students referred by public schools to the OJA are consistently related to higher percentages of African‐American, Latino, and male students—and in some cases, to higher percentages of special needs students and students receiving free/reduced lunch.ConclusionThese findings strongly suggest that policies and practices implemented by public schools may contribute to disparate outcomes.
Automatic cloud resource management for interactive remote geovisualization
Authors: Zhang Tong , Li Jing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRemote geovisualization has gained momentum to support large‐scale geospatial data analysis and complex decision‐making over the last few years. Cloud computing, due to its capabilities to deliver on‐demand computing resources, has been embraced to develop and deploy interactive and scalable remote geovisualization applications. However, current cloud computing frameworks do not offer a versatile resource management scheme that is readily applicable for online remote visualization services, which usually require maintaining a satisfactory service level over time under dynamic workloads. To address this gap, we propose an automatic cloud resource management approach based on a bi‐level scheduling and horizontal scaling scheme to exploit cloud resources efficiently. At the lower level, a dynamic task‐scheduling scheme using collaborative filtering techniques is proposed to allocate virtual cloud resources to execute sub‐tasks. The scheduling scheme considers spatio‐temporal patterns presented in visualization views. At the upper level, reinforcement learning is adopted to perform resource auto‐scaling based on a reward function that integrates three different facets, namely: time cost, resource cost, and service stability. The original reinforcement learning algorithm is improved in two main aspects: (1) considering the delay of resource provisioning that is common in cloud environments; and (2) using online Gaussian estimation to estimate Q values. Task scheduling and auto‐scaling interact with each other and are integrated to deliver a comprehensive and responsive resource management solution. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several existing cloud resource management methods. The proposed approach is also applicable for other interactive visualization applications, which have similar workload characteristics and performance requirements as interactive remote geovisualization.
A non‐parametric statistical test method to detect significant cross‐outliers in spatial points
Authors: Deng Min , Yang Xuexi , Shi Yan , Gong Jianya , Tang Jianbo , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn spatial points that describe geographical events, outliers that deviate significantly from the global or local distribution indicate extraordinary geographical phenomena. Existing outlier detection methods cannot statistically identify significant outliers by considering the co‐occurrences of multiple categories of spatial points. Therefore, this study develops a non‐parametric statistical test method to detect significant cross‐outliers from two categories of spatial points divided into primary and reference ones. Firstly, the cross K function is employed to test the significance of co‐occurrences of the two categories of points, and the co‐occurrence intensity of each primary point is quantitatively defined as the number of reference points in its circular buffer. Then, the edge‐constrained Delaunay triangulation is utilized to construct a reasonable spatial neighborhood for each primary point. On this basis, the Monte Carlo method is utilized to simulate the distribution of reference points in the support domain of each primary point delineated using the α‐shape algorithm, and those primary points with significantly different local co‐occurrence intensity are determined as spatial cross‐outliers. Finally, those cross‐outliers obtained using different buffers are evaluated further by analysis of living intervals. Experiments on both simulated and real‐life datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
Translational genomics using Arabidopsis as a model enables the characterization of pennycress genes through forward and reverse genetics
Authors: Chopra Ratan , Johnson Evan B. , Daniels Erin , McGinn Michaela , Dorn Kevin M. , Esfahanian Maliheh , Folstad Nicole , Amundson Kirk , Altendorf Kayla , Betts Kevin , Frels Katherine , Anderson James A. , Wyse Donald L. , Sedbrook John C. , David Marks M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThlaspi arvense (pennycress) has the potential for domestication as a new oilseed crop. Information from an extensive body of research on the related plant species Arabidopsis can be used to greatly speed this process. Genome‐scale comparisons in this paper documented that pennycress and Arabidopsis share similar gene duplication. This finding led to the hypothesis that it should be possible to isolate Arabidopsis‐like mutants in pennycress. This proved to be true, as forward genetic screens identified floral and vegetative pennycress mutants that were similar to mutants found in Arabidopsis. Extending this approach, it was shown that most of the pennycress genes responsible for the formation of oxidized tannins could be rapidly identified. The causative mutations in the pennycress mutants could be identified either by PCR amplification of candidate genes or through whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. In all, WGS was used to characterize 95 ethyl methane sulfonate mutants, which revealed a mutation rate of 4.09 mutations per megabase. A sufficient number of non‐synonymous mutations were identified to create a mutant gene index that could be used for reverse genetic approaches to identify pennycress mutants of interest. As proof of concept, a Ta‐max3‐like dwarf mutant and Ta‐kcs5/cer60‐like wax mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids were identified. Overall, these studies demonstrate that translational genomics can be used to promote the domestication of pennycress. Furthermore, the ease with which important findings could be made in pennycress makes this species a new potential model plant.
Effects of anemia and blood transfusion on clot formation and platelet function in patients with septic shock: a substudy of the randomized TRISS trial
Authors: Russell Lene , Holst Lars Broksø , Lange Theis , Liang Xuan , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Perner Anders 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDThe effects of anemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on markers of clot formation and platelet function in patients with septic shock are unknown. We assessed these effects in a randomized transfusion trial of patients with septic shock.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a prospective substudy of the Transfusion Requirements in Septic Shock (TRISS) trial, randomly assigning patients in the intensive care unit with septic shock and hemoglobin concentration of 9.0 g/dL or less to transfusion with one unit of RBCs at a hemoglobin level of 9.0 g/dL or a level of 7.0 g/dL. We assessed thromboelastography (TEG), multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA), platelet count, and international normalized ratio (INR) immediately before and after the first blood transfusion and again 3 hours after. The effects of hemoglobin level were analyzed using multiple linear regression and the association between markers of hemostasis and subsequent bleeding by Cox regression models.RESULTSWe included 58 patients in this substudy. We observed no differences in whole blood clot formation, platelet count or function, or INR between patients with hemoglobin levels of 7.0 and 9.0 g/dL, and we found no effect of RBC transfusion on these markers. Platelet function, assessed by MEA, but not whole blood clot formation, was associated with subsequent bleeding.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with septic shock, the level of anemia and the transfusion of RBCs did not appear to influence clot formation or platelet function. Low platelet function, as evaluated by MEA, was associated with increased risk of subsequent bleeding.
Apheresis principles in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia during pregnancy: challenges in cell separation and assessing transcript levels
Authors: Lund Kit Peiter , Larsen Maria Torp , Haastrup Eva Kannik , Pedersen Berit Woetman , Maroun Lisa Leth , Andersen Morten Tolstrup , Bjerrum Ole Weis , Fischer‐Nielsen Anne 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rarely diagnosed in pregnant women.CASE REPORTWe report a case of a pregnant woman who presented with a leukocyte count of 250 × 109 cells/L at gestational age (GA) 26 weeks and was diagnosed with CML in the chronic phase. Because the patient deliberately opted out of interferon α and tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, the main goal was to reduce the leukocyte count to postpone delivery beyond the number of weeks considered severely premature and avoid thromboembolic complications while continuously evaluating the clinical safety of the mother and fetus. Hence therapeutic leukapheresis was initiated, and we report the first application of an apheresis approach for this procedure using the Spectra Optia instrument without sedimentation agents. Leukapheresis was conducted 2 to 4 times per week for 9 weeks.RESULTSDuring treatment the leukocyte count decreased remarkably, and the patient developed lymphopenia together with a paradoxical increase in her blood platelet count. Premature labor was induced at GA 35 weeks, and a healthy boy was delivered. Thereafter, the patient initiated imatinib treatment and was in major molecular and complete cytogenetic remission after 1 year. Despite the remarkable reduction of the leukocyte count, we observed a pronounced increase in expression of BCR‐ABL1 transcripts, implying the need for close monitoring of patients with CML during pregnancy.CONCLUSIONSWe report a pregnant woman who was diagnosed with CML and treated solely with apheresis procedures using the Spectra Optia instrument for 9 weeks, ensuring the safe delivery of her child.
Drug‐induced immune haemolytic anaemias
Authors: Branch Donald R. 
Published: November 2018

It has been more than 50 years since the first reports of penicillin‐ and methyldopa‐induced haemolytic anaemias emerged. Since these initial observations in 1966, that high‐dose intravenous penicillin can result in a penicillin‐antibody‐dependent immune haemolytic anaemia and patients receiving α‐methyldopa developed haemolytic anaemia similar to warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, cases of patients having a drug‐induced haemolysis has expanded greatly to include a myriad of different drugs. Indeed, there are now well over 100 drugs that have been described as causing immune‐mediated haemolysis. The history of drug‐induced immune haemolytic anaemia's can be subdivided into two different chapters: (1) The penicillin and methyldopa chapter and (2) the cephalothins and cefotetan chapter. In this review, these two chapters in the history of drug‐induced immune haemolytic anaemias will be dissected, including the different mechanisms of haemolysis that have been proposed. These include so‐called hapten, immune‐complex, drug adsorption and autoimmune mechanisms. The biochemical and immunological mechanisms of drug‐induced immune haemolytic anaemias will be discussed as well as important considerations in the approach to the laboratory investigation of these conditions in the blood bank and reference laboratories. An approach to the use of drug metabolites as well as a hypothesis as to how ‘non‐specific’ drug adsorption occurs and how it can be prevented will be presented. The objective of this review will be to provide an up‐to‐date understanding of the types of drug‐induced immune haemolytic anaemias, their differentiation in the laboratory and the biochemistry and immunology underlying these conditions.
Modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐related pathway involved in extracorporeal shockwave therapy accelerate diabetic wound healing
Authors: Chen Rong‐Fu , Chang Chih‐Hau , Wang Chun‐Ting , Yang Ming‐Yu , Wang Ching‐Jen , Kuo Yur‐Ren 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTExtracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has a significant positive effect to accelerate chronic wound healing. This study investigated whether the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–related pathway has involved in ESWT enhancement of diabetic wound healing. A dorsal skin defect (area, 6 × 5 cm) in a streptozotocin‐induced diabetes rodent model was used. Thirty‐two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I consisted of nondiabetic control; group II, diabetic control without treatment; group III, diabetic rats received ESWT; and group IV, rats received Avastin (a VEGF monoclonal antibody) on day 0 (post‐wounding immediately) to day 7 and ESWT on day 3 and day 7. The wound healing was assessed clinically. The VEGF, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Ki‐67 were analyzed with immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase–related genes was measured by real‐time quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed wound size was significantly reduced in the ESWT‐treated rats as compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.01). The positive effect of ESWT‐increasing wound healing was significantly suppressed in pretreatment of the Avastin group. Histological findings revealed significant increase in neo‐vessels in the ESWT group as compared to the control. In immunohistochemical stain, significant increases in VEGF, eNOS, and Ki‐67 expressions were noted in the ESWT group as compared to that in controls. However, Avastin suppressed the shockwave effect and down‐regulation of VEGF, eNOS, and Ki‐67 expressions in the Avastin‐ESWT group as compared to that in the ESWT alone group. We found that highly mRNA expression of Kras, Raf1, Mek1, Jnkk, Jnk, and Jun at early stage in the ESWT group, as compared to the diabetic control. These evidences indicated treatment with multiple sessions of ESWT significantly enhanced diabetic wound healing associated with increased neovascularization and tissue regeneration. The bio‐mechanism of ESWT‐enhanced wound healing is correlated with VEGF and mitogen‐activated protein kinase–mediated pathway.
Similar dysregulation of lupus-associated miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenic lymphocytes in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Heid Bettina , Dai Rujuan , Ahmed Sattar Ansar 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus). We have previously reported a common pattern of miRNA dysregulation in splenic lymphocytes from several mouse models of lupus. In this study, we investigated whether there is a similar miRNAs expression dysregulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and splenocytes in a classical murine lupus model, MRL/lpr.MethodPBMCs were isolated from blood samples of control MRL and lupus MRL/lpr mice aged 14–15 weeks by gradient centrifugation with Histopaque 1083 density media. miRNA TaqMan assays were performed to analyse the expression of 10 lupus-associated miRNAs including miR-182-96-183 cluster, miR-146a, miR-148a, miR-21, miR-31, miR-127, miR-155, and miR-411 in MRL and MRL/lpr PBMCs.ResultIn this study, we found that 8 out of 10 examined miRNAs (miR-21, miR-31, miR-127, miR-155, miR-96, miR-182, miR-183 and miR-411) were similarly dysregulated in both PBMCs and splenocytes of MRL/lpr mice when compared with MRL control mice. Only two miRNAs (miR-146a and miR-148a) showed different dysregulation pattern in the PBMCs and splenocytes of MRL/lpr mice. By comparing with the published miRNA data in human lupus, we demonstrated similarity in miRNA dysregulation in murine and human lupus PBMCs.ConclusionThe findings in this study suggest that the miRNA changes observed in PBMCs largely reflect the miRNA dysregulation in cells from the lymphoid organ spleen. Analysis of miRNAs in PBMCs has an advantage over the splenocytes since it allows for monitoring the kinetics of lupus-associated miRNAs expression with peripheral blood cell samples during the development of the disease or after instituting treatment. The similar dysregulation of miRNAs in murine and human lupus PBMCs supports the importance and the feasibility of using murine lupus models to study the pathogenic and therapeutic function of miRNAs in human lupus.
ACPA and RF as predictors of sustained clinical remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Ontario Best practices Research Initiative (OBRI)
Authors: Pope Janet E , Movahedi Mohammad , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Cesta Angela , Sampalis John S , Keystone Edward , Thorne Carter , Bombardier Claire 
Published: November 2018

Objective(s)This study evaluated the interaction of anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) in predicting sustained clinical response in an observational registry of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) followed in routine practice.MethodsPatients with RA enrolled in the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative registry, with ≥1 swollen joint, autoantibody information and ≥1 follow-up assessment were included. Sustained clinical remission was defined as Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) ≤2.8 in at least two sequential visits separated by 3–12 months. Time to sustained remission was assessed using cumulative incidence curves and multivariate cox regression.ResultsAmong 3251 patients in the registry, 970 were included, of whom 262 (27%) were ACPAneg/RFneg, 60 (6.2%) ACPApos/RFneg, 117 (12.1%) ACPAneg/RFposand 531 (54.7%) ACPApos/RFposat baseline. Significant between group differences were observed in age (p=0.02), CDAI (p=0.03), tender joint count (p=0.02) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (p=0.002), with ACPApospatients being youngest with lowest disease activity and disability. No difference in biologic use was found between groups (20.2% of patients).Over a mean follow-up of 3 years, sustained remission was achieved by 43.5% of ACPApos/RFpospatients, 43.3% of ACPApos/RFnegpatients, 31.6 % of ACPAneg/RFpospatients and 32.4% of ACPAneg/RFnegpatients (p=0.01). Significant differences were observed in CDAI improvement based on ACPA and RF status where ACPApos/RFposhad a shorter time to achieving sustained remission (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.67) and experienced significantly higher improvements compared with ACPAneg/RFnegpatients.Conclusion(s)Combined ACPA and RF positivity were associated with improved and faster response to antirheumatic medications in patients with RA.
Comparative effectiveness of subcutaneous tocilizumab versus intravenous tocilizumab in a pan-European collaboration of registries
Authors: Lauper Kim , Mongin Denis , Iannone Florenzo , Klami Kristianslund Eirik , Kvien Tore K , Nordström Dan , Pavelka Karel , Pombo-Suarez Manuel , Rotar Ziga , Santos Maria Jose , Codreanu Catalin , Lukina Galina , Courvoisier Delphine S , Gabay Cem 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the real-word effectiveness of subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ-SC) and intravenous tocilizumab (TCZ-IV) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPatients with RA with TCZ from eight European registries were included. Drug retention was compared using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and Cox models adjusted for baseline patient, disease and treatment characteristics, using a strata term for year of treatment initiation and country of registry. The proportions of patients achieving Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission and low disease activity (LDA) at 1 year were compared using samples matched on the same covariates and corrected for attrition using LUNDEX.Results3448 patients were retrieved, 2414 with TCZ-IV and 1034 with TCZ-SC. Crude median retention was 3.52 years (95% CI 3.22 to 3.85) for TCZ-IV and 2.12 years for TCZ-SC (95% CI 1.88 to 2.38). In a country-stratified and year of treatment initiation–stratified, covariate-adjusted analysis, hazards of discontinuation were similar between TCZ-SC and TCZ-IV treated patients (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.09). The average adjusted CDAI change at 1 year was similar in both groups (−6.08). After matching, with 560 patients in each group, CDAI remission corrected for attrition at 1 year was also similar between TCZ-SC and TCZ-IV (10.4% in TCZ-IV vs 12.8% in TCZ-SC (difference: 2.4%, bootstrap 95% CI −2.1% to 7.6%)), but CDAI LDA was lower in TCZ-IV patients: 41.0% in TCZ-IV versus 49.1% in TCZ-SC (difference: 8.0 %; bootstrap 95% CI 2.4% to 12.4%).ConclusionWith similar retention and effectiveness, TCZ-SC is an adequate alternative to TCZ-IV for RA. When possible, considering the costs of the TCZ-IV route, TCZ-SC should be the preferred mode of administration.
Effect of post weld heat treatment and welding parameters on mechanical and corrosion characteristics of friction stir welded aluminium alloy AA2014-T6
Authors: Kannusamy Ashok S. , Ramasamy Ravindran 
Published: November 2018

This paper addresses the effect of post weld heat treatment methods on the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA2014-T6. Aluminum alloy AA2014 is mainly used in applications that demand high strength to weight ratios, such as aerospace, marine, and industrial applications. In this work, AA2014-T6 plates of 6 mm thick were butt welded using a tool with a square profile. Tensile strength, hardness, and corrosion characteristics were compared between the samples as welded and post weld heat treated. Welded samples that were heat treated for a shorter ageing period (8 h) showed improved tensile strength irrespective of welding process parameters, compared to as-welded samples. The samples heat treated for a longer ageing period (9 h) showed a decline in tensile strength for low tool rotation speed. Hardness increased in welded samples heat treated for 8 h. Welded samples heat treated for 9 h show high passivity in corrosion media.
Noise-induced transition in an underdamped asymmetric bistable system driven by Lévy noise
Authors: Guo Yong-Feng , Wei Fang , Wang Lin-Jie , Tan Jian-Guo 
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the Lévy noise-induced transition in an underdamped asymmetric bistable system is discussed. Lévy noise is generated through the Janicki–Weron algorithm and the numerical solutions of system equation is obtained by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Then the stationary probability density functions are obtained by solving the equation of system. The influence of the damped coefficient [Formula: see text], asymmetric parameter r of system, stability index [Formula: see text], skewness parameters [Formula: see text] and noise intensity D on the stationary probability density are analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the asymmetric parameter r, stability index [Formula: see text], skewness parameters [Formula: see text] and noise intensity D can induce the phase transition. However, the phase transition cannot be induced by the damped coefficient [Formula: see text].