bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Known Hepatoprotectors Act as Antioxidants and Immune Stimulators in Stressed Mice: Perspectives in Animal Health Care
Authors: de la Riva Gustavo Alberto , López Mendoza Francisco Javier , Agüero-Chapin Guillermin 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Oxygen is involved in a variety of physiological reactions in aerobic organisms, such as
those produced in the electron transport chain, hydroxylation, and oxygenation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
are naturally formed as byproducts from these previously reactions involving the O2 molecule; they are made up
of superoxide anion (O2−), hydroxyl radical (HO−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), peroxyl
(ROO−), and reactive aldehyde (ROCH). Under certain environmental stress conditions, ROS are accumulated
causing cellular damage but also triggering the overexpression of several enzyme classes such as superoxide
dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), which represent an important intrinsic
antioxidant defence line. Liver is a key organ in vertebrates including farm animals and human. The oxidative
stress plays an important role in systemic malfunctions including hepatic, renal and immunological, disorders.

Methods:
This review presents a brief update about the relationship of oxidative stress with hepatic, renal and
immunological malfunctions in stressed organisms. Cellular and exogenous hepatoprotective compounds share
also the ability to scavenge ROS acting as antioxidants and in many cases as stimulators of immune response in
stressed organisms. We present the effect of some hepatoprotectors on the hepatic, renal and immunological function
in stressed mice by the jointed evaluation of biological and oxidative stress markers.

Conclusion:
Hepatoprotective effect of several exogenous compounds is very associated with their antioxidant
capacity. This fact is relevant for keeping oxidant/antioxidant balance in the respective organs, but also for maintaining
the physiological status of the whole organism.
Recent Interventions for Nanotechnology Based Drug Products: Insights into the Regulatory Aspects
Authors: Sarwal Amita , Singh Gurpreet , Singh Kirti , Garg Sanjay 
Published: January 2019

Background :
Nanotechnology has been one of the most prominent forefront grounds in several traditional
research areas of science and technology, and development of medicines at nanoscale can be reflected by
the tremendous surge in market interest.

Present outlook:
Its applications include various research areas of medicine, drug delivery technology, diagnostic
devices, tissue engineering and gene therapy. Along with immense advances, this technology comes with major
limitations including potential immune reactivity and complex characterization of these products.

Regulatory Challenges:
The lack of a proper regulatory perspective due to infidelities in scientific findings have
led to further uncertainties and vagueness of the nanoscale domain, particularly its safety implications.

Guideline Scenario:
Early development pathways and regulations should be a top-notch priority to help researchers
fail faster and more economically. This would facilitate the peaking utility of these materials in medicine
without compromising public health and environmental integrity. This review attempts to emphasize the regulatory
rationales of key considerations in nanotechnology along with a portray of the present scenario.
Tocotrienols and Cancer: From the State of the Art to Promising Novel Patents
Authors: Fontana Fabrizio , Raimondi Michela , Marzagalli Monica , Moretti Roberta M. , Marelli Marina Montagnani , Limonta Patrizia 
Published: January 2019

Background: Tocotrienols (TTs) are vitamin E derivatives naturally occurring in several plants and vegetable oils. Like Tocopherols (TPs), they comprise four isoforms, α, β, γ and δ, but unlike TPs, they present an unsaturated isoprenoid chain. Recent studies indicate that TTs provide important health benefits, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cholesterol lowering and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, they have been found to possess unique anti-cancer properties.Objective:The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the state of the art of TTs role in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as to describe recent patents proposing new methods for TTs isolation, chemical modification and use in cancer prevention and/or therapy.Methods:Recent literature and patents focusing on TTs anti-cancer applications have been identified and reviewed, with special regard to their scientific impact and novelty.Results:TTs have demonstrated significant anti-cancer activity in multiple tumor types, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they have shown synergistic effects when given in combination with standard anti-cancer agents or other anti-tumor natural compounds. Finally, new purification processes and transgenic sources have been designed in order to improve TTs production, and novel TTs formulations and synthetic derivatives have been developed to enhance their solubility and bioavailability.Conclusion:The promising anti-cancer effects shown by TTs in several preclinical studies may open new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in different tumors. Thus, clinical trials aimed at confirming TTs chemopreventive and tumor-suppressing activity, particularly in combination with standard therapies, are urgently needed.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Activities of Alkaloids from the Bulbs of Griffinia gardneriana and Habranthus itaobinus (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Cole Eduardo R. , de Andrade Jean P. , Filho João F. Allochio , Schmitt Elisângela F. P. , Alves-Araújo Anderson , Bastida Jaume , Endringer Denise C. , de S. Borges Warley , Lacerda Valdemar 
Published: January 2019

Background:Amaryllidaceae plants are known to be a great source of alkaloids, which are considered an extensive group of compounds encompassing a wide range of biological activities. The remarkable cytotoxic activities observed in most of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids derivatives have prompt the chemical and biological investigations in unexplored species from Brazil.Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of alkaloids of Griffinia gardneriana and Habranthus itaobinus bulbs and study the role of caspase-3 as a molecular apoptosis mediator.Methods:Methanolic crude extracts of Griffinia gardneriana and Habranthus itaobinus bulbs were submitted to acid-base extraction to obtain alkaloid-enriched fractions. The obtained fractions were fractionated using chromatographic techniques leading to isolation and identification of some alkaloids accomplished via HPLC and 1H-NMR, respectively. Molecular docking studies assessed the amount of free binding energy between the isolated alkaloids with the caspase-3 protein and also calculated the theoretical value of Ki. Studies have also been developed to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in such alkaloids and apoptosis activation via the caspase pathway using both tumor and normal cell lines.Results:Seven alkaloids were isolated and identified. Among these, 11-hydroxyvittatine and 2-α-7- dimethoxyhomolycorine were not cytotoxic, whereas tazettine, trisphaeridine, and sanguinine only showed activity against the fibroblast lineage. Lycorine and pretazettine were 10 to 30 folds more cytotoxic than the other alkaloids, including cancerous lines, and were genotoxic and capable of promoting apoptosis via the caspase-3 pathway. This result supports data obtained in docking studies wherein these two compounds exhibited the highest free energy values.Conclusion:The cytotoxicity assay revealed that, among the seven alkaloids isolated, only lycorine and pretazettine were active against different cell lines, exhibiting concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic actions alongside genotoxic action and the ability to induce apoptosis by caspase-3, a result consistent with those obtained in docking studies.
Ammonia Sensing and Cytotoxicity of the Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle by Arabic Gum (AG)
Authors: Elahi Nahid Jalalian , Salehmoghadam Masoud , Taherzadeh Danial , Hashemzadeh Alireza , Darroudi Majid 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The green synthesizing procedure of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has
been performed through the usage of a natural polysaccharide; Arabic gum (AG) as a stabilizing/
capping agent. For characterization of AgNPs, TEM, particle size analyzer and UV-Vis were
used.

Methods:
The aim of our project was to identify biosynthesized AgNPs for sensing ammonia and
to explore its toxicity on Neuro-2A cells. We also reviewed the patents for biosynthesized AgNO3
and ammonia sensing. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs in AG consist of utilizing
(0.1g) AG in dH2O (70 ml), 10 ml of 1 mM silver solution and 0.1 mM (AA) at 70°C stirring
for 30 minutes. The AgNPs cytotoxicity was evaluated on Neuro-2A cells; consequently, ammonia
was sensed with the lowest possible concentration of 10-6.

Results:
Particle size analyzer displayed the mean diameter of about 70 nm for the sphericalshaped
Ag-NPs. UV–Vis revealed that the prepared AgNPs were ammonia sensitive in solution as
the concentration of ammonia was increased. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs indicated lower Cell viability
at higher concentrations of the AG-capped AgNPs.

Conclusion:
By synthesis of AgNPs in GA by using AA, we successfully prepared a sensor to diagnose
ammonia in a cell and sensing its level at concentrations of 10-6 M. In this study, no therapeutic
application has been shown, but this method could be utilized industrially for therapeutic
purposes in the future.
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Insecticidal and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Three Acantholimon Species (A. atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium)
Authors: Pasdaran Ardalan , Sarker Satyajit D. , Nahar Lutfun , Hamedi Azadeh 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The essential oil from the Acantholimon genus have been an integral part
of the traditional food additive in Middle East. Most of the plants in Acantholimon genus have not
been studied scientifically. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition, antibacterial,
insecticidal and anti-oxidant activities of three Acantholimon species including Acantholimon
atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium.

Method:
The essential oils of the aerial parts were extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical constitutions
were identified by gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy technique, also their toxicities
were assessed against the two important grain products pests, Oryzeaphilus mercator and Tribolium
castaneum. Antibacterial activity was assessed against the three foodborne bacteria that include Escherichia
coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus based on the disc diffusion assay.
Free-radical-scavenging property was identified based on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical scavenging activity.

Results:
2-hexahydrofarnesyl acetone was the main compound in A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium,
whilst farnesyl acetone, heptacosane and germacrene D were the principal components of A.
atropatanum essential oil. These oils exhibited 40-90% mortality of O. mercator and/or T.
castaneum at a dose of 12 μl/l air after 48h of exposure, and exhibited significant free-radicalscavenging
property (RC50 = 3.7 × 10-3 - 8.3 × 10-3 mg/ml). The oils of A. tragacanthium and A.
gilliatii showed a weaker antibacterial activity compared to A. atropatanum.

Conclusion:
A. atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium essential oils had significant insecticidal
and anti-oxidant properties. They also showed week to moderate antibacterial activity against
P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
Improving Recommender Systems Using Co-Appearing and Semantically Correlated User Interests
Authors: Hawashin Bilal , Aqel Darah , Alzubi Shadi , Elbes Mohammad 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Recommender Systems use user interests to provide more accurate recommendations
according to user actual interests and behavior.

Methods:
This work aims at improving recommender systems by discovering hidden user interests
from the existing interests. User interest expansion would contribute in improving the accuracy of
recommender systems by finding more user interests using the given ones. Two methods are proposed
to perform the expansion: Expanding interests using correlated interests’ extractor and Expanding
interests using word embeddings.

Results:
Experimental work shows that such expanding is efficient in terms of accuracy and execution
time.

Conclusion:
Therefore, expanding user interests proved to be a promising step in the improvement
of the recommender systems performance.
Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran IPS (Materi Sejarah) Melalui Media Power Point di SMP Negeri 16 Kota Bogor
Authors: Sukriyatun Gunarti 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the improvement of quality learning process and learning outcomes of Social Sciences in class 7.6 through media Power Ponit. The population of this research is the grade seventh of Yunior High School are consisted 36 students, there are 17 female and 19 male students. The implementation of this research at mid semester in 2010/2011. The result of this research showed in the first cycle get the value 73,89 or completeness study of 97,22% while in the second cycle get the value 80,83 or completeness study of 100%, it means that the research is successfully. Meanwhile, the assessment of quality in learning on the first cycle is 77,50% and the second cycle is 99,17%. In the other hand, the observation result of students behavior are showed an increasing with the value of the first cycle is 69,44% and in the second cycle is get the value 100%. Based on the result of this research above, it can be conclude that the implementation of Media Power Point can improve the result in cognitive learning of Social Sciences. In addition it can improve the quality of learning and participation with students’ behavior. Keywords: Results of learning, Media Power Point
Gel Formulation of Lemongrass Essential Oil with HPMC and Carbopol Bases
Authors: Tambunan Suryani , Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah 
Published: January 2019

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil is proven to have efficacy as an antibacterial against pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Essential oils was formulate into gel dosage forms with a base combination of HPMC and carbopol. The use of this combination is known to produce a gel with physical properties better than a single use. This research aimed to investigate the effect of variations of HPMC and carbopol to the physical properties of the gel, the concentration of HPMC and carbopol to produce the optimum formula, and the physical stability of essential oil gel of lemongrass during storage. Gel was made by lemongrass essential oil at a concentration of 6% with base of HPMC and carbopol. Each formula were made and tested the physical properties that include organoleptic, homogenity, pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesiveness. HPMC and carbopol composition were determined through the process of screening and optimization Simplex Lattice Design methods by Design Expert 7.1.5 software. Experimental results and predictions of SLD were verified by testing one sample t-test with a 95% confidence level. The optimum formula gel of lemongrass essential oil consisting of 4.00% HPMC and 1.00% carbopol. The results test of physical properties of lemongrass essential oil gel obtained homogeneous gel with a pH value of 6.00 ± 0.00, viscosity of 280.00 ± 26.46 dPa.S, spreadability of 9.36 ± 0.47 cm2, and adhesiveness of 2.36 ± 0.10 seconds. Lemongrass essential oil gel was stable for 3 cycles of testing include organoleptic, homogeneity, syneresis, pH, adhesion, and the viscosity of the gel. Spreadability of gel was not stable.
A SFC POLITICAL BUSINESS CYCLE: KALECKI’S 1943 MODEL REVISITED
Authors: Fisher Eloy 
Published: January 2019

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p>This paper features a stock-flow consistent (SFC) political business cycle model where the interplay between financial debt, income distribution and fiscal policy is politically mediated by the relative influence of workers and businesses over government policy and publicly provided goods. In countries where taxes are a politically costly alternative to generate fiscal revenue, debt finances fiscal expansionary activity to initially raise wages and increase output. However, institutional mechanisms keep such drivers in check, and prompt a stop-and-go cycle as Kalecki suggested in his landmark 1943 paper. We find that the push of labor interests against business stakeholders leads to non-linear dynamics over debt, deficits and long-term growth paths.</p><p> </p><p align="center">UN CICLO ECONÓMICO POLÍTICO CFC: REVISITANDO EL MODELO DE KALECKI DE 1943<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong><strong></strong></p><p>Este artículo presenta un modelo de ciclo económico-político consistente de flujo-cantidad (CFC) en el cual la interacción entre la deuda financiera, la distribución del ingreso y la política fiscal está mediada políticamente por la influencia relativa de los trabajadores y las empresas sobre la política del gobierno y los bienes públicos. En los países donde los impuestos representan una alternativa para generar ingresos políticamente costosa, la deuda financia la actividad fiscal expansionista para aumentar en primer término los salarios y el producto. Sin embargo, existen mecanismos institucionales que detienen estos motores e inducen un ciclo de interrupción y avance, tal como Kalecki sugirió en su innovador artículo de 1943. Encontramos que el ímpetu de los intereses de los trabajadores en contra de los empresarios conduce a una dinámica no lineal sobre las trayectorias de la deuda, los déficits y el crecimiento de largo plazo.</p>
La estabilización de las finanzas capitalistas inestables: el institucionalismo y el enfoque preventivo de la estabilidad financiera
Authors: Ülgen Faruk 
Published: January 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p align="right"> “It is better to convince by argument than seduce by example.”</p><p> </p><p>Las crisis recurrentes de las economías financiarizadas desde la década de 1990 plantean dudas sobre si los mercados financieros liberalizados están bien estructurados para establecer la economía en un camino de crecimiento y desarrollo duraderos. El enfoque institucionalista de la economía capitalista puede ofrecer herramientas analíticas relevantes para identificar las características centrales de las economías capitalistas monetarias y luego estudiar su dinámica inestable. En oposición al individualismo metodológico que descuida las instituciones, este acercamiento enfoca la importancia de las instituciones en la sociedad, ya que las instituciones determinan, moldean y replantean de manera abrumadora las decisiones y comportamientos individuales. En términos de un análisis positivo, esto podría proporcionar algunas reglas para diseñar e implementar cambios estructurales y políticas relevantes, y luego sugerir, una consistente alternativa a la economía neoliberal. En este sentido, este artículo se basa en el marco institucionalista para estudiar el <em>modus operandi</em> de una economía capitalista, con un enfoque especial en los mercados financieros. Argumenta que la autorregulación financiera que se basa en incentivos de mercado y un marco institucional débil a menudo da como resultado conclusiones inconsistentes a nivel macro y debe ser reemplazada por un enfoque de regulación preventiva para la organización de mercados financieros. Tal transformación requiere un replanteamiento radical de la regulación financiera, en busca de luchar contra la inestabilidad financiera sistémica endógena del capitalismo mediante el fortalecimiento de la macroestabilidad y la viabilidad social.</p><p><strong>JEL Codes: </strong>B52, G01, G18, P11</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Effects of aliskiren on hemodynamic parametersin daunorubicin -induced acute cardiomyopathy in rats
Authors: Ansari Md. Salahuddin , Saraswat Rohit , Sharma Pankaj , Alam Md. Sarfaraz 
Published: January 2019

Daunorubicin ((DNR)) used in oncological practice against a wide variety of solid organ tumors and hematologic malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, multiple myeloma and sarcoma. however clinical use of this agent is limited due to cardiomyopathy and cardiac heart failure. one of the important player in the development of cardic hypertrophy and reperfusion injury is renin-angiotensin system. Aliskiren (ALK) a recent drug of a direct inhibitor of the renin enzyme. It Protect cardiomyopathy by the inhibition of the renin activity. Present study is towards the evaluation of protective effcets of ALK 50 and 100 mg/kg/day in rats. The systolic, diastolic, mean BP and heart rate were significantly (P< 0.01) increased in DNR control group as compared to normal control group. Thus the results provide clear evidence that the ALK pretreatment offered significant protection against DNR-induced Hemodynamic parameters changes.
Keywords: Daunorubicin, Cardiomyopathy, Aliskiren, Telmisartan and Hemodynamic parameters
Physicochemical, Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential of Kalanchoe Pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Leaf Extracts
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Patel Jay Ram , Dangi Arvind 
Published: January 2019

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. has many pharmacological properties such as anticancer, antidiabetic, insecticidal, antimicrobial, anti-urolithiatic, etc. The plant leaves are used as ethno medicine traditionally. Many diseases are associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physicochemical, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaf of Kalanchoe pinnata collected from Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh.The physicochemical evaluations carried out in terms of loss on drying, ash value, extractive values and acid insoluble ash value ect. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by FolinsCiocalteau reagent method and Aluminium chloride method respectively. The In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of the leaf was assessed against DPPH assay method using standard protocols. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids. The total phenolics content of leaves ethanolic extract was (4.63mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (2.03mg/100mg). The activities of ethanolic leaves extract against DPPH assay method were concentration dependent with IC 50 values of ascorbic acid and extracts 24.44 and 49.81μg/ml respectively. These studies provided information for standardization and correct identification of this plant material. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine.
Keywords: Kalanchoe pinnata, Physicochemical, Qualitative, Quantitative phytochemical, Antioxidant