bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Quantum Dense Coding
Authors: Guo Yu , Liu Bi‐Heng , Li Chuan‐Feng , Guo Guang‐Can 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuantum dense coding is one of the most important protocols in quantum communication. It derives from the idea of using quantum resources to boost the communication capacity and now serves as a key primitive across a variety of quantum information protocols. This Progress Report focuses on the basic theoretical ideas behind quantum dense coding, discussing its development history from discrete and continuous variables to quantum networks, then to its variant protocols and applications in quantum secure communication. With this basic background in hand, then the main experimental achievements are reviewed, from photonic qubits and qudits to optical modes, nuclear magnetic resonance, and atomic systems. Besides the state of the art, finally potential future steps are discussed.
Oral vancomycin prophylaxis during systemic antibiotic exposure to preventClostridiodes difficileinfection relapses
Authors: Caroff Daniel A. , Menchaca John T. , Zhang Zilu , Rhee Chanu , Calderwood Michael S. , Kubiak David W. , Yokoe Deborah S. , Klompas Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective:To determine whether oral vancomycin prophylaxis accompanying systemic antibiotics reduces the risk of relapse in patients with history ofClostridioides difficileinfection (CDI).Design:Retrospective cohort study.Patients:Adult inpatients with a history of CDI who received systemic antibiotics in either of 2 hospitals between January 2009 and June 2015.Methods:We compared relapse rates in patients who started oral vancomycin concurrently with systemic antibiotics (exposed group) versus those who did not. We assessed for CDI relapse by toxin or nucleic acid testing at 90 days. We used inverse probability weighting and machine learning to adjust for confounders, to estimate propensity for treatment, and to calculate odds ratios for CDI relapse. We performed secondary analyses limited to toxin-positive relapses, patients with 1 versus >1 prior CDI episodes, and patients who received oral vancomycin on each antibiotic day.Results:CDI relapse occurred within 90 days in 19 of 193 exposed patients (9.8%) versus 53 of 567 unexposed patients (9.4%; unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60–1.81; adjusted OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.35–1.14). CDI relapses at 90 days were less frequent in exposed patients with only 1 prior episode of CDI (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19–0.93) but not in those with >1 prior episode (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.42–3.33). Our findings were consistent with a lack of benefit of oral vancomycin when restricting results to toxin-positive relapses and to patients who received vancomycin each antibiotic day.Conclusions:Prophylactic oral vancomycin was not consistently associated with reduced risk of CDI relapse among hospitalized patients receiving systemic antibiotics. However, patients with only 1 prior CDI episode may benefit.
Rates and predictors of anti-depressant prescribing in Northern Ireland 2011–2015: a data linkage study using the Administrative Data Research Centre (NI)
Authors: Shevlin Mark , Rosato Michael , Boyle Stephanie , Boduszek Daniel , Murphy Jamie 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:Research indicates that anti-depressant prescribing is higher in Northern Ireland (NI) than in the rest of the UK, and that socio-economic and area-level factors may contribute to this. The current study provides comprehensive population-based estimates of the prevalence of anti-depressant prescription prescribing in NI from 2011 to 2015, and examined the associations between socio-demographic, socio-economic, self-reported health and area-level factors and anti-depressant prescription.Methods:Data were derived from the 2011 NI Census (N = 1 588 355) and the Enhanced Prescribing Database. Data linkage techniques were utilised through the Administrative Data Research Centre in NI. Prevalence rates were calculated and binary logistic analysis assessed the associations between contextual factors and anti-depressant prescription.Results:From 2011 to 2015, the percentages of the population in NI aged 16 or more receiving anti-depressant prescriptions were 12.3%, 12.9%, 13.4%, 13.9% and 14.3%, respectively, and over the 5-year period was 24.3%. The strongest predictors of anti-depressant prescription in the multivariate model specified were ‘very bad’ (OR = 4.02) or ‘Bad’ general health (OR = 3.98), and self-reported mental health problems (OR = 3.57). Other significant predictors included social renting (OR = 1.67) and unemployment (OR = 1.25). Protective factors included Catholic religious beliefs, other faith/philosophic beliefs and no faith/philosophic beliefs in comparison to reporting Protestant/other Christian religious beliefs (ORs = 0.78–0.91).Conclusion:The prevalence of anti-depressant prescription in NI appears to be higher than the prevalence of depressive disorders, although this may not necessarily be attributable to over-prescribing as anti-depressants are also prescribed for conditions other than depression. Anti-depressant prescription was linked to several factors that represent socio-economic disadvantage.
Use of nutritional information: analysing clusters of consumers who intend to eat healthily
Authors: van Buul Vincent J. , Bolman Catherine A. W. , Brouns Fred J. P. H. , Lechner Lilian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConsumers intending to eat healthily should consult available information on the energy, salt, sugar and saturated fat content of foods. Some consumers, however, do this more than others do. The objective of this research was to identify distinct subgroups within the group of consumers who intend to eat healthily, segmented according to the timing and frequency of their use of information about energy, salt, sugar and saturated fat. Furthermore, we analysed whether consulting this information actually led to healthier food choices. Data on use of specific nutritional information in a computerised task in which participants made multiple dichotomous food choices (e.g. high-fat v. low-fat cheese) were recorded from 240 participants using process tracing software. Participants could view nutritional information by hovering the mouse over specific areas of the screen. We found three clusters of participants based on use of information about energy, salt, sugar and saturated fat: low, medium and high information users. There was a between-clusters difference in how often the healthy option was chosen (88·95 % with high information v. 67·17 % with low information usage). Presence in the medium and high information clusters was partially predicted by perceived self-efficacy in making healthy choices. It appears that some consumers are very confident of their ability to make healthy choices, which is a reason for making less use of nutritional information prior to making food choices and may result in unhealthy choices. Our findings improve understanding of the conditions needed to develop effective interventions targeted at health-conscious consumers.
Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from the Candelaria Hills (Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA)
Authors: Romano Carlo , López-Arbarello Adriana , Ware David , Jenks James F. , Brinkmann Winand 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new locality for low-latitudinal, Early Triassic fishes was discovered in the Candelaria Hills, southwestern Nevada (USA). The fossils are derived from the lower Candelaria Formation, which was deposited during the middle–late Dienerian (late Induan), ca. 500 ka after the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction event. The articulated and disarticulated Osteichthyes (bony fishes), encompassing both Actinistia (coelacanths) and Actinopterygii (ray-fins), are preserved in large, silicified concretions that also contain rare coprolites. We describe the first actinopterygians from the Candelaria Hills. The specimens are referred toPteronisculus nevadanusnew species (Turseoidae?),Ardoreosomus occidentalisnew genus new species (Ptycholepidae), the stem neopterygianCandelarialepis argentusnew genus new species (Parasemionotidae), and Actinopterygii indet. representing additional taxa.Ardoreosomusn. gen. resembles other ptycholepids, but differs in its more angulate hyomandibula and lack of an elongate opercular process.Candelarialepisn. gen. is one of the largest parasemionotids, distinguished by its bipartite preopercle and scale ornamentation. Presented new species belong to genera (Pteronisculus) or families (Ptycholepidae, Parasemionotidae) that radiated globally after the mass extinction, thus underlining the striking similarities between Early Triassic (pre-Spathian) osteichthyan assemblages. The current data suggest that the diversity of low-latitudinal, Early Triassic bony fishes may have been greater than indicated thus far by the fossil record, probably due to sampling or taphonomic failure. All 24 fossils from the Candelaria Hills represent mid-sized or large osteichthyans, confirming the obvious absence of very small species (≤ 10 cm adult body length) in the beginning of the Mesozoic Era—even in low latitudes.UUID:http://zoobank.org/6a66ac96-d6b7-4617-94db-5a93cdb14215
Association between serum magnesium and blood count: influence of type 2 diabetes and central obesity
Authors: Liu Danru , Yu Lianlong , Li Suyun , Zhang Qian , Zhu Lichao , Liu Qiangqiang , Lin Hong , Zhang Junli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe relationship between serum Mg and blood cell counts in Chinese adult diabetes or central obesity was assessed by investigating 8163 subjects with China Health and Nutrition Survey (mean age 59⋅6 years, 54⋅9 % men). Participants were classified according to blood Mg (below 0⋅65 mmol/l, or 0⋅66–0⋅94 mmol/l or above 0⋅95 mmol/l), type 2 diabetes (yes/no) and central obesity (yes/no). Leucocytes, erythrocytes, platelets (PLT), Hb and glycated Hb (HbA1c) were determined using standardised methods and conditions. HbAc1, leucocytes and PLT were significantly higher among subjects with central obesity than without central obesity (P &lt; 0⋅05). A significant increase for Hb, erythrocytes, PLT, but not leucocytes, across progressive Mg groups was observed in subjects without diabetes (P &lt; 0⋅05). Hb, erythrocytes and HbAc1 were significantly higher among subjects with higher Mg than in subjects with lower Mg with diabetes (P &lt; 0⋅05). Central obesity disturbed the positive association between PLT count and serum Mg. Type 2 diabetes caused metabolism disorder in serum Mg, blood sugar and blood cell count. Hb, erythrocytes and PLT, but not leucocytes, are positively correlated with serum Mg, but this association is somehow disturbed by type 2 diabetes or central obesity.
A severe clinical phenotype of Noonan syndrome with neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the second case worldwide withRAF1S259Y neomutation
Authors: Jaouadi Hager , Chehida Amel Ben , Kraoua Lilia , Etchevers Heather C. , Argiro Laurent , Kasdallah Nadia , Blibech Sonia , Delague Valérie , Lévy Nicolas , Tebib Néji , Mrad Ridha , Abdelhak Sonia , Benkhalifa Rym , Zaffran Stéphane 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNoonan syndrome and related disorders are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions caused by mutations in genes of the RAS/MAPK pathway. Noonan syndrome causes multiple congenital anomalies, which are frequently accompanied by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We report here a Tunisian patient with a severe phenotype of Noonan syndrome including neonatal HCM, facial dysmorphism, severe failure to thrive, cutaneous abnormalities, pectus excavatum and severe stunted growth, who died in her eighth month of life. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified ade novomutation in exon 7 of theRAF1gene: c.776C > A (p.Ser259Tyr). This mutation affects a highly conserved serine residue, a main mediator of Raf-1 inhibition via phosphorylation. To our knowledge the c.776C > A mutation has been previously reported in only one case with prenatally diagnosed Noonan syndrome. Our study further supports the striking correlation ofRAF1mutations with HCM and highlights the clinical severity of Noonan syndrome associated with aRAF1p.Ser259Tyr mutation.
Japan’s Washoku as Intangible Heritage: The Role of National Food Traditions in UNESCO’s Cultural Heritage Scheme
Authors: Cang Voltaire 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:“Washoku, traditional dietary cultures of the Japanese” was inscribed in UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2013, joining the company of French, Mexican, and Mediterranean “national” food traditions in the exclusive List. Although a relatively novel abstraction, washoku (literally “Japanese food”) was formally defined and recreated by a panel of government-appointed experts for inscription purposes.This paper investigates washoku’s evolution into intangible heritage and the consequences of inscription. Analysis of field data from official meetings and primary text sources reveal that Japanese food heritage was both influenced and undermined by UNESCO’s intangible heritage system and the overriding precedent set by the “gastronomic meal of the French.” The example of washoku, though successfully inscribed, casts doubts on the feasibility of national food traditions in UNESCO’s system for intangible heritage, including their roles in promoting cultural diversity and heritage preservation.
Heart rate (variability) and the association between relational peer victimization and internalizing symptoms in elementary school children
Authors: Behnsen Pia , Buil Joanne Marieke , Koot Susanne , Huizink Anja , van Lier Pol 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRelational victimization typically emerges first during the elementary school period, and has been associated with increased levels of internalizing symptoms in children. Individual differences in autonomic nervous system functioning have been suggested as a potential factor linking social stressors and internalizing symptoms. The aim of this study was therefore to examine whether heart rate and heart rate variability mediated the association between relational victimization and internalizing symptoms in 373 mainstream elementary school children. Children were assessed in 2015 (T0; Grades 3–5, M age = 9.78 years, 51% boys) and reassessed in 2016 (T1). Heart rate and heart rate variability were assessed during a regular school day at T1. A multi-informant (teacher and peer report) cross-time measure of relational victimization, and a multi-informant (self- and teacher report) measure of internalizing problems at T1was used. Results showed that heart rate variability, but not heart rate, mediated the association between relational victimization and internalizing symptoms. This study provides tentative support that in children from a general population sample, a psychobiological factor may mediate the association of relational victimization with internalizing symptoms.
Prevalence and risk factors of sleep apnea in adult patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Harada Gen , Takeuchi Daiji , Inai Kei , Shinohara Tokuko , Nakanishi Toshio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Although sleep apnea is an important disorder associated with cardiac events, data regarding its prevalence and risk factors in adult patients with congenital heart disease are limited.Methods:In this study, patients underwent a sleep study in the hospital. Indications for admission were classified as heart failure, diagnostic catheterisation, interventional catheterisation, or arrhythmia. The prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of sleep apnea using a type-3 portable overnight polygraph in adult patients with congenital heart disease were evaluated.Results:There were 104 patients [median age: 36 (interquartile range: 28–48) years] who were admitted for heart failure 34% (n = 36), diagnostic catheterisation 26% (n = 27), interventional catheterisation 18% (n = 19), or arrhythmia 22% (n = 23). The prevalence of sleep apnea, defined as a respiratory disturbance index ≥5, was 63% (n = 63), with a distribution of 37%, 16%, and 10% for mild (5≤ respiratory disturbance index <15), moderate (15≤ respiratory disturbance index <30), and severe (respiratory disturbance index ≥30) sleep apnea, respectively. A large majority of the sleep apnea cases were categorised as obstructive sleep apnea (92%, n = 58). The respiratory disturbance index ≥15 group had a significantly higher proportion of male patients and higher body mass index, noradrenaline level, and aortic blood pressure than the group without sleep apnea (respiratory disturbance index <5). Multivariable analysis showed that New York Heart Association class ≥II (OR, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.09–20.87) and body mass index ≥25 (OR, 4.29; 95% CI, 1.32–15.23) were independent risk factors for a respiratory disturbance index ≥15.Conclusion:Our results showed a high prevalence of sleep apnea in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Its unique haemodynamics may be associated with a high prevalence of sleep apnea. Congestive heart failure and being overweight are important risk factors for sleep apnea. Management of heart failure and general lifestyle improvements will be important for controlling sleep apnea symptoms in these patients.
Age-Related Atrophy and Compensatory Neural Networks in Reading Comprehension
Authors: Fitzhugh Megan C. , Braden B. Blair , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Rogalsky Corianne , Baxter Leslie C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectives: Despite changes to brain integrity with aging, some functions like basic language processes remain remarkably preserved. One theory for the maintenance of function in light of age-related brain atrophy is the engagement of compensatory brain networks. This study examined age-related changes in the neural networks recruited for simple language comprehension. Methods: Sixty-five adults (native English-speaking, right-handed, and cognitively normal) aged 17–85 years underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reading paradigm and structural scanning. The fMRI data were analyzed using independent component analysis to derive brain networks associated with reading comprehension. Results: Two typical frontotemporal language networks were identified, and these networks remained relatively stable across the wide age range. In contrast, three attention-related networks showed increased activation with increasing age. Furthermore, the increased recruitment of a dorsal attention network was negatively correlated to gray matter thickness in temporal regions, whereas an anterior frontoparietal network was positively correlated to gray matter thickness in insular regions. Conclusions: We found evidence that older adults can exert increased effort and recruit additional attentional resources to maintain their reading abilities in light of increased cortical atrophy.
Biodegradable oesophageal stents: A potentially useful adjunct in the treatment of dysphagia in patients undergoing radiotherapy for oesophageal carcinoma
Authors: White K , Thampy S , Sheikh H , Bhatt L , Mullan D , Laasch H-U 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAim:Dysphagia is common in patients presenting with oesophageal malignancy. This study aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness of biodegradable stents to help with malignant dysphagia due to radiotherapy for oesophageal cancer and furthermore to establish the complication and re-intervention rates associated with their use.Methods:This was a retrospective, observational study of 22 patients between 2008 and 2013. Complications within 2 weeks and episodes of re-intervention required within 4 months of stent insertion prior to radiotherapy were recorded.Results:Pre-stent insertion, the mean O’Rourke dysphagia score was 3·5 (median 3, range 2–5). This improved to a mean score of 2·8 (median 3, range 1–4) 1–3 weeks following stent insertion. Complications occurred in seven patients (32%) in an immediate 2-week period, including: pain (2), dysphagia requiring dilatation (1), food obstruction not requiring intervention (1), food obstruction requiring intervention (2) and upper gastrointestinal bleed not requiring intervention (1). Re-intervention was required in 18% within a 4-month period.Findings:We propose that biodegradable oesophageal stents are safe and may have benefit over self-expanding metal stents. We recommend they are placed alongside a radiologically inserted gastrostomy in a combined procedure prior to radiotherapy planning.
The ICRC as seen through the pages of the Review, 1869–1913: Personal observations
Authors: Forsythe David P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe early years of theReview, then called theBulletin International des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge, provide numerous insights into the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), which edited the journal. Since the ICRC was very small in those days and without support staff, one learns a great deal, especially about Gustave Moynier, who led the organization and carried out most of the editing duties at theBulletin. The reader can trace the role of religious and other motivations, attitudes toward colonialism, the evolving nature of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the ICRC's place therein, and complex relations with States. This early era, as richly recorded in the journal, stimulates a number of questions about further research into ICRC and Red Cross history.
Annual weed management in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean using a two-pass weed control strategy
Authors: Smith Andrea , Soltani Nader , Kaastra Allan J. , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTransgenic crops are being developed with herbicide resistance traits to expand innovative weed management solutions for crop producers. Soybean with traits that confer resistance to the hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase herbicide isoxaflutole is under development and will provide a novel herbicide mode of action for weed management in soybean. Ten field experiments were conducted over 2 years (2017 and 2018) on five soil textures with isoxaflutole-resistant soybean to evaluate annual weed control using one- and two-pass herbicide programs. The one-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, at a low rate (52.5 + 210 g ai ha−1), medium rate (79 + 316 g ai ha−1), and high rate (105 + 420 g ai ha−1); and glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST) or late postemergence (LPOST). The two-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, followed by glyphosate applied LPOST, and glyphosate applied EPOST followed by LPOST. At 4 weeks after the LPOST application, control of common lambsquarters, pigweed species, common ragweed, and velvetleaf was variable at 25% to 69%, 49% to 86%, and 71% to 95% at the low, medium, and high rates of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, respectively. Isoxaflutole plus metribuzin at the low, medium, and high rates controlled grass species evaluated (i.e., barnyardgrass, foxtail, crabgrass, and witchgrass) 85% to 97%, 75% to 99%, and 86% to 100%, respectively. All two-pass weed management programs provided 98% to 100% control of all species. Weed control improved as the rate of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin increased. Two-pass programs provided excellent, full-season annual grass and broadleaf weed control in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean.