bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ratiometric two-photon microscopy reveals attomolar copper buffering in normal and Menkes mutant cells
Authors: Morgan M. Thomas , Bourassa Daisy , Harankhedkar Shefali , McCallum Adam M. , Zlatic Stephanie A. , Calvo Jenifer S. , Meloni Gabriele , Faundez Victor , Fahrni Christoph J. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Impaired copper regulation has been implicated in a range of human diseases, yet the current mechanistic understanding of intracellular copper homeostasis remains incomplete. While Cu(I)-selective synthetic fluorescent probes could shed light on copper homeostasis within living cells by dynamically reporting intracellular Cu(I) availability, the affinity range of previously employed probes was insufficient to achieve significant metallation in the presence of glutathione (GSH) at normal physiological concentrations. Employing an air-stable phosphine-based ligand design, we devised a ratiometric indicator capable of competing for Cu(I) at attomolar buffered levels. Contrary to prior assumptions, our ratiometric imaging data indicate that intracellular Cu(I) is not buffered directly by GSH but by thiol ligands of still higher affinity.
Conceptualisations ofxoshbaxti(‘happiness / prosperity’) andbaxt(‘fate / luck’) in Persian
Authors: Sharifian Farzad , Bagheri Mehri 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper explores conceptualisations ofxoshbaxti(‘happiness / prosperity’) andbaxt(‘fate / luck’) in Persian, adopting a combined historical and contemporary analysis. The expressionxoshbaxticonsists of the free morphemesxosh(‘pleasant’) andbaxt(‘fate’).The root ofbaxtoriginates from the Proto-Indo-European language (bʰeh₂g). An historical analysis returning all the way to the Proto-Indo-Iranian religion shows that the concept ofbaxtcaptured the idea of a pre-determined destiny by conceptualisingBhagaas a god who dispenses fortune. Data from a number of Persian encyclopaedias, dictionaries and weblogs, as well as a word association task carried out by a group of speakers of Persian, revealed thatxoshbaxtiin contemporary Persian is largely associated with what is considered to be a “good” married life. Overall, the findings of this study illustrate the usefulness of combining diachronic and synchronic approaches when analysing cultural conceptualisations. The study also shows that attempts to trace the historical roots of cultural conceptualisations may benefit from insights gained in other fields, such as the history of religions. In this context, the multidisciplinary nature of the newly developed field of Cultural Linguistics provides an effective basis for cross-disciplinary openness, which has the potential to deepen the scope of analyses undertaken.
A corpus-based study of composite predicates in Early Modern English dialogues
Authors: Wang Ying 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Composite predicates (CPs), that is, complex predicate structures comprising a light verb and an eventive noun
(e.g., make a move or give a speech) are common in Present-day English and are particularly
characteristic of spoken language. The aim of the paper is to trace language changes involving CPs from 1560 to 1760, a period in
which the use of CPs has not yet received adequate scholarly attention. Specifically, the study examines the frequencies, lexical
productivity and syntactic patterns of CPs in two types of Early Modern English (EModE) dialogues, drawn from Trial Proceedings and Drama
Comedy sampled in A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760 – a 1.2-million word computerized corpus of EModE
speech-related texts. The results reveal significant differences between the two types of dialogue and shed light on the
development of CPs in association with grammaticalization and lexicalization.
Reduced loop quantization with four Klein–Gordon scalar fields as reference matter
Authors: Giesel K , Vetter A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We perform a reduced phase space quantization of gravity using four Klein–Gordon scalar fields as reference matter as an alternative to the Brown–Kuchar dust model in Giesel and Thiemann (2010 Class. Quantum Grav. 27 175009), where dust scalar fields are used. We compare our results to an earlier model by Domagala et al (2010 Phys. Rev. D 82 104038) where only one Klein–Gordon scalar field is considered as reference matter for the Hamiltonian constraint but the spatial diffeomorphism constraints are quantized using Dirac quantization. As a result we find that the choice of four conventional Klein–Gordon scalar fields as reference matter leads to a reduced dynamical model that cannot be quantized using loop quantum gravity techniques. However, we further discuss a slight generalization of the action for the four Klein–Gordon scalar fields and show that this leads to a model which can be quantized in the framework of loop quantum gravity. By comparison of the physical Hamiltonian operators obtained from the model by Domagala et al (2010 Phys. Rev. D 82 104038) and the one introduced in this work we are able to make a first step towards comparing Dirac and reduced phase space quantization in the context of the spatial diffeomorphism constraints.
All-optical spatio-temporal control of electron emission from SiO2 nanospheres with femtosecond two-color laser fields
Authors: Liu Qingcao , Zherebtsov Sergey , Seiffert Lennart , Skruszewicz Slawomir , Zietlow Dominik , Ahn Seongjin , Rupp Philipp , Wnuk Pawel , Sun Shaohua , Kessel Alexander , Trushin Sergei , Schlander Annika , Kim Dongeon , Rühl Eckart , Ciappina Marcelo F , Tiggesbäumker Josef , Gallei Markus , Fennel Thomas , Kling Matthias F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Field localization by nanostructures illuminated with laser pulses of well-defined waveform enables spatio-temporal tailoring of the near-fields for sub-cycle control of electron dynamics at the nanoscale. Here, we apply intense linearly-polarized two-color laser pulses for all-optical control of the highest energy electron emission from SiO2 nanoparticles. For the size regime where light propagation effects become important, we demonstrate the possibility to control the preferential emission angle of a considerable fraction of the fastest electrons by varying the relative phase of the two-color field. Trajectory based semi-classical simulations show that for the investigated nanoparticle size range the directional steering can be attributed to the two-color effect on the electron trajectories, while the accompanied modification of the spatial distribution of the ionization rate on the nanoparticle surface has only a minor effect.
Accessing electromagnetic properties of matter with cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Fujita Hiroyuki , Tada Yasuhiro , Sato Masahiro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) is a structured lightwave characterized by its topologically nontrivial nature of the optical polarization. The unique electromagnetic field configuration of CVBs has been exploited to optical tweezers, laser accelerations, and so on. However, use of CVBs in research fields outside optics such as condensed matter physics has not progressed. In this paper, we propose potential applications of CVBs to those fields based on a general argument on their absorption by matter. We show that pulse azimuthal CVBs around terahertz or far-infrared frequencies can be a unique and powerful mean for time-resolved spectroscopy of magnetic properties of matter and claim that an azimuthal electric field of a pulse CVB would be a novel way of studying and controlling edge currents in topological materials. We also demonstrate how powerful CVBs will be as a tool for Floquet engineering of nonequilibrium states of matter.
Evaluate the efficiency of the Iraqi city to overcome the challenges of sustainable smart cities
Authors: Alkanaani H A , Bahith K H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Iraqi city suffers from stagnation and being unable to respond to the increasing demand for services due to the high population density that has created a huge data system. Therefore, the traditional systems are unable to respond to the nature of demands and provide solutions according to standards that meet the ambition of the planning. The traditional choice of presenting plans and implementing them with the world’s knowledge progress has become a futile choice that may not work if it continues at this classic steps.
This importance of Smart City globally and its adoption as a strategy is to alleviate the problems caused by population growth and rapid urbanization, yet, we notice a very small number of researches that discuss this phenomenon in Arab countries generally, in Iraq specifically, and in order to fill this gap and in responding to the use of this concept, the frame of this research was set to identify the most important obstacles in implementing this concept on the Iraqi city in terms of Smart infrastructure elements which is a base of the concept of smart city integration.
This research is part of the solutions to the problems of cities through smart means, which can be divided in this aspect into two main stages: the first is the studies that concern the literature that aim to establish such cities, second is the practical aspect of these kinds of literature. Therefore, the research aimed at studying the possibility of applying the literature of the smart city to the Iraqi city in order to evaluate the reality which resulted in the fact that applying this concept requires financial and knowledge abilities which suites the gap deduced by the research through adopted globally tools in this field.
Effect of Metal Tanks Wastes as Fibers on Some Concrete Properties
Authors: Alshahwany Rana Burhan , Alzaidy Mohammed N J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recycling of waste materials limit solid wastes and saves natural resources. The investigations of using waste materials in concrete mixtures increase day by day. Use of waste materials in concrete gave economical disposal of wastes. This paper investigates the possibility of using metal wastes strips resulting from civilian factories of domestic storage tanks as fibers and its effect on some concrete properties which include workability of fresh concrete, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. Five concrete mixtures with different ratios of metal wastes fibers, (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2) % of concrete volume have been added to produce the concrete composites. Three Cubes, cylinders and prismatic samples have been made for compressive, tensile and flexural strength tests respectively for each mixture. The mechanical properties of mixtures were analyzed in comparison to the control mixture. The results showed that the metal waste fibers could be used successfully to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete. An increase in metal wastes fibers content led to increase in strength properties of concrete, and the optimum percentage of metal wastes fibers for strength improvement are ranged between 1.0-2.0%.
Design Objective as an Effective Factor for Sustainable Environment
Authors: Tewfik Mohammed Jarallah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The interior design is an integral part of the architectural structure. It cannot be neglected in providing a sustainable internal environment for the human being within a functional unit and cohesive design. Therefore, the study of the design purpose has a clear effect in the internal design of the interior spaces on the one hand and the architectural achievement on the other. Depends on the choice of interior designer the of design idea by transforming it the technical imagination to reality, and thus the task of the interior designer is based fundamentally on the adoption of the operational aspect in the design and employment within the trends of formality and aesthetic prevailing, by investing treatment The interior designers must follow in their design speech mechanisms a specific model in order to achieve the desired goal towards the construction of the sustainable internal environment. Hence, this is not done without experience and awareness of the design process. It is necessary to study this topic, which consists of four chapters. For the first chapter, the researcher adopted the formulation of the problem of research, which is summarized as follows: What are the elements of the design goal as an effective influence of the sustainable environment? While the importance of research in the development of experts and workers in the design and engineering of internal environments sustainable, as well as the design side of the study of modern and development of the designs of internal environments sustainable, and in light of the researcher focused the research objective to identify the elements of the design goal and which contribute to the effective impact of the sustainable environment, As for the research boundaries, the researcher has defined objectively the design goal as an effective influence of the sustainable environment, while its spatial and temporal boundaries will ensure the modern interior spaces (the living rooms of the major European residential houses). The second chapter will focus on determining the subject of the research procedures, namely the methodology of research based on the analytical descriptive approach (content analysis), while the research community will focus on the adoption of the selective method. Finally, the fourth chapter will include the extraction of the research results.
Sustainable Design Treatments for Thermal Range
Authors: El-Eqapy Ahmed Hashim , Hashim Al-Majidi Basim H. , Ibrahim Moheamen basim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The research deals with the thermal range phenomenon at the in inhabited areas. The shape and size of buildings varies according to the location, weather conditions and elements of the environment, thus exploring the nature, the negative effects, the causes and the elements of the human environment that help increase this phenomenon to the aim of developing the appropriate solutions to reduce the effects of the thermal range phenomenon. Hence emerged the issue of this research (The Absence of Comprehensive and Clear Sustainable Design Solutions to Reduce the Phenomenon of Thermal Range). In order to find solutions for this problem, a comprehensive conceptual framework was developed that illustrates a set of sustainable design solutions to reduce the phenomenon of thermal range. The theoretical framework application concepts on selected local study cases adopted to determine the extent to which these cases are met for the sustainable design solutions within the theoretical framework. By analyzing the results of the application, the selective local study cases showed that they did not acquire these solutions a matter that leads to the increase of this phenomenon and its multiple negative effects. The research concluded that the adoption of the sustainable design treatments within the theoretical framework is contributing to reduce this phenomenon that most of our local cities are suffering from.
Behavior and Strength of Steel-Carbon-Plastic Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Abuzaid Esraa Khudhair Mohsin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fibers like steel, carbon, plastic; polyester, jute, etc. are add up to concrete known as fiber reinforced concrete. To obviate the deficiencies of concrete, fibers are added to concrete to reform the behavior of concrete. The fibers serve as not only the cracking control reinforcement, but also the vehicle to allow for significant internal plastic stress redistribution to increase the strength of the specimens after the first crack forms[1]. In this study hybrid reinforced concrete is made by adding steel, carbon and plastic fibers. (Steel + carbon and plastic + carbon) are used in order to combine the advantages of all of them and to make the mixture more economical by substituting half of the addition of carbon fiber with steel fiber and plastic fiber which cheaper carbon fiber; Addendum of steel fibers can increase compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of concretes along with the post-cracking ductility while plastic fibers increase the resistance of concrete to cracking. Six beams were molded and tested over an effective span length 1000 mm up to failure under two concentrated loads. One beam molded without any strengthen (as a reference beam). Three beams were strengthened with three types of fibers (carbon fiber, steel fiber and plastic fiber) and 0.2% volume fraction. While the two last beams were strengthened with hybrid fibers(carbon fiber + steel fiber and carbon fiber + plastic fiber) (0.1% + 0.1%) for each fiber. Estimation of load –deflection response to the six beams. The results show a good amelioration provided after using of fibers as matched with the reference beam (without fiber). The results also show that using of hybrid fiber lead to a good improvement in the ultimate load value [increased (Pu) by 58.5% for (S.F + C.F) and by 38.5% for (P.F + C.F), while when use only (S.F) alone ultimate load increased (Pu) by 55.4% and for (P.F) alone ultimate load increased (Pu) by 6.62%.
Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soils Induced by the Presence of Sodium Chloride
Authors: Rahil Falah H , Al-Soudany Kawther Y H , Abbas Narjis S , Hussein Luay Y 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The presence of appreciable quantities of soluble salt indicates that engineering properties of clayey soils may change in the presence of percolating water. Hence, an attempt was made in laboratory investigation to study the geotechnical properties of clayey soils mixed with (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight) of sodium chloride. Three type of clayey soils used having plasticity indices (12, 26 and 44%) were taken from three sites in Baghdad. Test Atterberg limits, unconfined compression, specific gravity, compaction and consolidation test, were conducted to investigate the effect of salt content on soil properties. The results showed that the plasticity index, optimum moisture contents, compression index, and unconfined compressive strength decrease with increasing salt content. The max dry unit weight slightly increases with increase salt content while it increases up to 5% salt then decreases for high plasticity.
The Impacts of Building Contraventions and Informal Residential Land Subdivision on the Quality of Life in Baghdad
Authors: Hajer Al Ishaqee A.S. , Enam Albazaz A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Building contraventions and illegal subdivision of residential land are common phenomena in developing countries. These practices have major implications for the urban quality of life and place an enormous strain on urban services. The main purpose of the paper is to identify and discuss the impacts of building contraventions and informal land subdivision on the Quality of Life (QOL) within the context of the Al ‘Utayfiyah area, located in the Al Karkh district of Baghdad, Iraq. A mixed methods approach involving a questionnaire and interview surveys and field observations was adopted to obtain the necessary data. Results indicate that building contraventions and informal land subdivision have significantly diminished the QOL in the study area. Specifically, it was found that the public utility networks are in poor conditions. Furthermore, these illegal activities have reduced open and public spaces and have put excessive pressure on urban infrastructure, resulting in an unhealthy and aesthetically unappealing urban environment. The paper concludes with some policy recommendations for improving regulation enforcement and building control in Baghdad.
Impact of the Feasibility Study on the Construction Projects
Authors: Mohammed Sawsan Rasheed , Naji Hafeth I. , Ali Rouwaida Hussein 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A Feasibility studies include recognizing and analyzing the power and the flaws of the project, in conjunction, also defining the chance and intimidations external the company within the construction industry. There are a number of problems of the feasibility study as it regards overlooked part in Iraqi construction industry and the problems of feasibility studies abuses. Misinterpretation of study stages and also having incorrect idea of the goal of the feasibility studies. Other factors that affect directly and negatively in the Iraqi industry such as delay, cost, and other issues that affect quality of the construction projects
The aim of this paper Assess the awareness level of the feasibility study in construction projects and to determine the effects of feasibility study in construction industry and to identify the causes of abuses of feasibility study in construction industry.
The methodology of the paper includes survey and formulation of the questionnaire to identify the factor the cause the feasibility study to fail and then use system dynamic to analysis the impact of these factors. The results show that the feasibility study is neglected part in Iraqi construction project due to the fact that its neglected, the were abuse in use the abuse of the feasibility study lead to cost and time over runs, and system dynamic technique approved to be a significant in the analysis of the impact of the.
Iconic architecture and sustainability as a tool to attract the global attention
Authors: Aatty Hawraa M S , Al Slik Ghada M R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The development of sustainable iconic projects is becoming a global phenomenon in recent years. These projects are producing attractive and convincing environmental images which serve globalization goals. Sustainable iconic projects are oriented to become an ecologically friendly tool that supports economy investments and tourism, by using the potential of the cultural, aesthetical and moral meanings. This paper investigates the emergence of a remarkable style of architecture which starts out from purely image-obsession, it emphasizes the importance of symbolic form as well as the use of renewable energies in the world and particularly in Arab Gulf cities (and first local try). The research problem is (The question of sustainability as a strategy that has helped in certain ways to create an iconic building and if so, is this are an advantage or disadvantage for the built environment). The paper suggests that: the implementation of sustainability in these buildings have drawn a false image which is far away from the goals of sustainability in conserving the resources. Also, the paper argues that cooperation among sustainable concepts, iconic designs, and attractive images has a wide acceptance and economic profits which may stay as a trend in the 21st century and in time will more and more be frequent and tend to be ordinary.