bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomic measures from chest high-resolution computed tomography associated with lung function in sarcoidosis
Authors: Ryan Sarah M. , Fingerlin Tasha E. , Mroz Margaret , Barkes Briana , Hamzeh Nabeel , Maier Lisa A. , Carlson Nichole E. 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionPulmonary sarcoidosis is a rare heterogeneous lung disease of unknown aetiology, with limited treatment options. Phenotyping relies on clinical testing including visual scoring of chest radiographs. Objective radiomic measures from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) may provide additional information to assess disease status. As the first radiomics analysis in sarcoidosis, we investigate the potential of radiomic measures as biomarkers for sarcoidosis, by assessing 1) differences in HRCT between sarcoidosis subjects and healthy controls, 2) associations between radiomic measures and spirometry, and 3) trends between Scadding stages.MethodsRadiomic features were computed on HRCT in three anatomical planes. Linear regression compared global radiomic features between sarcoidosis subjects (n=73) and healthy controls (n=78), and identified associations with spirometry. Spatial differences in associations across the lung were investigated using functional data analysis. A subanalysis compared radiomic features between Scadding stages.ResultsGlobal radiomic measures differed significantly between sarcoidosis subjects and controls (p<0.001 for skewness, kurtosis, fractal dimension and Geary'sC), with differences in spatial radiomics most apparent in superior and lateral regions. In sarcoidosis subjects, there were significant associations between radiomic measures and spirometry, with a large association found between Geary'sCand forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.008). Global radiomic measures differed significantly between Scadding stages (p<0.032), albeit nonlinearly, with stage IV having more extreme radiomic values. Radiomics explained 71.1% of the variability in FVC compared with 51.4% by Scadding staging alone.ConclusionsRadiomic HRCT measures objectively differentiate disease abnormalities, associate with lung function and identify trends in Scadding stage, showing promise as quantitative biomarkers for pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Impact of the revised haemodynamic definition on the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Jaafar Sara , Visovatti Scott , Young Amber , Huang Suiyuan , Cronin Paul , Vummidi Dharshan , McLaughlin Vallerie , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of the leading causes of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We explored the impact of the updated haemodynamic definition of pulmonary hypertension (PH), as proposed by the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension.MethodsIn this single-centre retrospective analysis, patients with SSc who had right heart catheterisation (RHC) were included. We compared the prior PH definition to the updated PH definition. The prior definition classified PH as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg and further divided into pre-capillary PH (PAH and PH due to lung disease and/or hypoxia), post-capillary PH, and combined pre- and post-capillary PH groups. For the updated definition, PH was classified as mPAP >20 mmHg and further divided into the different groups. We validated our findings in the DETECT cohort.ResultsBetween 2005 and March 2019, 268 RHCs were performed in this single-centre cohort. Using the prior definition, 137 (51%) were diagnosed with PH, with 89 classified as pre-capillary PH (56 with PAH and 33 with PH due to lung disease and/or hypoxia), 29 as post-capillary PH, and 19 as combined pre- and post-capillary PH. When the updated definition was applied to the cohort, seven out of 131 (5%) with no PH were reclassified to pre-capillary PH (PAH (n=1), PH due to lung disease (n=3) and post-capillary PH (n=3)). In those with mPAP 21–24 mmHg, with no left heart or significant lung disease, one out of 28 (4%) in our cohort and four out of 36 (11%) in the DETECT cohort were reclassified as PAH.ConclusionThe updated PH definition does not appear to have a significant impact on the diagnosis of PH in two different screening cohorts.
Fibrocyte accumulation in the airway walls of COPD patients
Authors: Dupin Isabelle , Thumerel Matthieu , Maurat Elise , Coste Florence , Eyraud Edmée , Begueret Hugues , Trian Thomas , Montaudon Michel , Marthan Roger , Girodet Pierre-Olivier , Berger Patrick 
Published: June 2019

The remodelling mechanism and cellular players causing persistent airflow limitation in COPD remain largely elusive. We have recently demonstrated that circulating fibrocytes, a rare population of fibroblast-like cells produced by the bone marrow stroma, are increased in COPD patients during an exacerbation. We aimed to quantify fibrocyte densityin situin bronchial specimens from both control subjects and COPD patients, to define associations with relevant clinical, functional and computed tomography (CT) parameters, and to investigate the effect of the epithelial microenvironment on fibrocyte survivalin vitro(“Fibrochir” study).A total of 17 COPD patients and 25 control subjects, all requiring thoracic surgery, were recruited. Using co-immunostaining and image analysis, we identified CD45+FSP1+cells as tissue fibrocytes, and quantified their density in distal and proximal bronchial specimens. Fibrocytes, cultured from the blood samples of six COPD patients, were exposed to primary bronchial epithelial cell secretions from control subjects or COPD patients.We demonstrate that fibrocytes are increased in both distal and proximal tissue specimens of COPD patients. The density of fibrocytes is negatively correlated with lung function parameters and positively correlated with bronchial wall thickness as assessed by CT scan. A high density of distal bronchial fibrocytes predicts the presence of COPD with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 70%. Exposure of fibrocytes to COPD epithelial cell supernatant favours cell survival.Our results thus demonstrate an increased density of fibrocytes within the bronchi of COPD patients, which may be promoted by epithelial-derived survival-mediating factors.
Recession, recovery and suicide in mental health patients in England: time trend analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Saied , Hunt Isabelle M. , Rahman Mohammad S. , Shaw Jenny , Appleby Louis , Kapur Nav 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe 2008 economic recession was associated with an increase in suicide internationally. Studies have focused on the impact in the general population with little consideration of the effect on people with a mental illness.AimsTo investigate suicide trends related to the recession in mental health patients in England.MethodUsing regression models, we studied suicide trends in mental health patients in England before, during and after the recession and examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. We used data from the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health, a national data-set of all suicide deaths in the UK that includes detailed clinical information on those seen by services in the last 12 months before death.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2016, there were 21 224 suicide deaths by patients aged 16 or over. For male patients, following a steady fall of 0.5% per quarter before the recession (quarterly percent change (QPC) 2000–2009 –0.46%, 95% CI –0.66 to –0.27), suicide rates showed an upward trend during the recession (QPC 2009–2011 2.37%, 95% CI –0.22 to 5.04). Recession-related rises in suicide were found in men aged 45–54 years, those who were unemployed or had a diagnosis of substance dependence/misuse. Between 2012 and 2016 there was a decrease in suicide in male patients despite an increasing number of patients treated. No significant recession-related trends were found in women.ConclusionsRecession-associated increases in suicide were seen in male mental health patients as well as the male general population, with those in mid-life at particular risk. Support and targeted interventions for patients with financial difficulties may help reduce the risk at times of economic hardship. Factors such as drug and alcohol misuse also need to be considered. Recent decreases in suicide may be related to an improved economic context or better mental healthcare.Declaration of interestN.K. is supported by Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust. L.A. chairs the National Suicide Prevention Strategy Advisory Group at the Department of Health (of which N.K. is also a member) and is a non-executive Director for the Care Quality Commission. N.K. chairs the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) depression in adults guideline and was a topic expert member for the NICE suicide prevention guideline.
Addiction care in crisis: evidence should drive progressive policy and practice
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep S. , Byrne Peter , Goslar Diane , Sinclair Julia 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAddictions are challenging health and social problems that need to be addressed to preserve and promote good mental health and ensure that individuals within society lead healthy and productive lives. Tackling addictions is complex and requires communities, public health, specialist services, and local and national government to act in unison and implement evidence-based interventions. This editorial raises systemic issues that need attention and proposes a range of systemic options.
Differential diagnoses of fibrosing lung diseases
Authors: Horst Carolyn , Gholipour Bahareh , Nair Arjun , Jacob Joseph 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To describe the challenges inherent in diagnosing fibrosing lung diseases (FLD) on CT imaging and methodologies by which the diagnostic process may be simplified. Methods: Extensive searches in online scientific databases were performed to provide relevant and contemporary evidence that describe the current state of knowledge related to FLD diagnosis. This includes descriptions of the utility of a working diagnosis for an individual case discussed in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) setting and challenges associated with the lack of consensus guidelines for diagnosing chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Results: As well as describing imaging features that indicate the presence of a fibrosing lung disease, those CT characteristics that nuance a diagnosis of the various FLDs are considered. The review also explains the essential information that a radiologist needs to convey to an MDT when reading a CT scan. Lastly, we provide some insights as to the future directions the field make take in the upcoming years. Conclusions: This review outlines the current state of FLD diagnosis and emphasizes areas where knowledge is limited, and more evidence is required. Fundamentally, however, it provides a guide for radiologists when tackling CT imaging in a patient with FLD. Advances in knowledge: This review encompasses advice from recent guideline statements and evidence from the latest studies in FLD to provide an up-to-date manual for radiologists to aid the diagnosis of FLD on CT imaging in an MDT setting.
Phylogenetic study of endophytic fungi associated with Centella asiatica from Bengkulu and Malaysian accessions based on the ITS rDNA sequence
Authors: RADIASTUTI NANI , SUSILOWATI DWI NINGSIH , BAHALWAN HUSHSHILA A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Radiastuti N, Bahalwan HA, Susilowati DN. 2019. Phylogenetic study of endophytic fungi associated with Centella asiatica from Bengkulu and Malaysian accessions based on the ITS rDNA sequence. Biodiversitas 20: 1248-1258. Centella asiatica is one of the medicinal plants which is known to be symbiotic with various endophytic fungi. The purpose of this research was to determine diversity of culturable fungal endophyte from C. asiatica. Identification was conducted using molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS rDNA sequence. The result showed that obtained 145 isolates endophytic fungi (from stolons, leaves, roots, petioles) were grouped into 18 morphotaxa (Bengkulu) and 23 morphotaxa (Malaysian). The fungal endophytic were identified as Aspergillus austroafricanus, Aspergillus oryzae, Acrocalymma vagum, Ceratobasidium cornigerum, Ceratobasidium sp., Chaetomium globosum, Colletotrichum karstii, C. gigasporium, C. tabaci, Colletotrichum siamense, Eutypella sp., Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. falciforme, F. keratoplasticum, F. striatum, Fusarium sp., Penicillium capsulatum, Phoma multirostrata, Perenniporia tephropora, Perenniporia sp., Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phanerochaete stereoides, Phyllosticta capitalensis, Phomopsis asparagi, Peroneutypa scoparia, Phialemoniopsis sp., Mycochaetophora gentinae, Talaromyces sp., Earliella scabrosa, and Trichaptum sp. based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. Fusarium (Nectriaceae) were the most found of fungal endophytes in both C. asiatica Bengkulu and Malaysian accession. The majority strain are including Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. The identification of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants is needed as a preliminary study to determine the potential of endophytic fungi producing bioactive compounds.
Short communication: Endophytic actinobacteria isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its potential as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor and its toxicity
Authors: RAHAYU SRI , FITRI LENNI , ISMAIL YULIA SARI 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Rahayu S, Fitri L, Ismail YS. 2019. Short communication: Endophytic actinobacteria isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its potential as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor and its toxicity. Biodiversitas 20: 1312-1317. Endophytic actinobacteria from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a bacterium that is capable of producing secondary metabolites that are the same as their hosts. This study aims to look at the potential of endophytic actinobacteria from ginger as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor and its toxicity. Endophytic actinobacteria were isolated, purified, then tested for pancreatic lipase inhibitors and their toxicity using the BSLT method (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) and phytochemical tested on ethanol extract of selected isolates. Seven endophytic actinobacterial isolates were isolated from the ginger rhizome. The isolates had different morphological diversity based on colony and microscopic observations and 5 isolates had pancreatic lipase inhibitor activity. The highest inhibitors were found in AJ4 isolates (89.9%), compared with pancreatic lipase inhibitors crude extracts of ginger (68.9%) and orlistat (88.1%) as positive controls. The LC50 value of AJ4 isolates was 653,381 ppm and the value of LT50 was 17,569 hours. AJ4 isolates contain terpenoids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. This research data is considered as new information about the potential of endophytic actinobacteria from ginger as pancreatic lipase inhibitors and their toxicity.
Isolation and partial characterization of alginate extracted from Sargassum polycystum collected from three habitats in Banten, Indonesia
Authors: DHARMAYANTI NIKEN , SUPRIATNA JATNA , ABINAWANTO ABINAWANTO , YASMAN YASMAN 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Dharmayanti N, Supriatna J, Abinawanto, Yasman. 2019. Isolation and partial characterization of Alginate from Sargassum polycystum of Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1776-1785. The utilization of Sargassum polycystum as an alternative alginate source may reduce the dependence on alginate import as currently alginate demands in Indonesia are 100% supplied from overseas. The purpose of this study was to characterize alginate extracted from Sargassum polycystum obtained from three locations with different ecological characteristics. Isolation of alginate was conducted through partial hydrolysis to separate guluronic acid and mannuronic acid followed by freeze-drying and then the parameters were measured qualitatively and quantitatively using FTIR. The results showed that alginate extracted from Sargassum polycystum collected from Lima Island, Ujung Kulon and Binuangeun were 11.48%, 18.62%, and 5.75%, respectively with the viscosity were 35 cP, 62.50 cP, and 81.33 cP, respectively. The test result of partial hydrolysis of alginate showed that guluronic block (GG) in the alginate polymer of Lima Island, Ujung Kulon and Binuangeun were 67.60%, 59.00%, and 41.40%, respectively. These relate to the nature of the gel formed. The alginate from Lima Island tends to be more rigid and less flexible than that from Ujung Kulon and Binuangeun. The findings of this study suggest that there are differences in the concentration of the components of mannuronate and guluronate of Sargassum polycystum across different locations in Banten, Indonesia.
Successful Curative Cryoablation of an Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Mai Daniel , Hashimoto Rintaro , Yu Allen , Torralba Ericson John , Tran Elise , El-Hage Chehade Nabil , Lee David P. , Samarasena Jason 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common location of GIST is the stomach; however, occurrences of GIST in the esophagus are also possible albeit rare. Although the current standard of care for gastric and intestinal GIST involves surgery and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, this case report focuses on the potential of treating esophageal GIST through a novel means of cryoablation therapy.
Rapid, High-Resolution, Label-Free, and 3-Dimensional Imaging to Differentiate Colorectal Adenomas and Non-Neoplastic Polyps With Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ding Qianshan , Deng Yunchao , Yu Xiaojun , Yuan Jingping , Zeng Zhi , Mu Ganggang , Wan Xinyue , Zhang Jun , Zhou Wei , Huang Li , Yao Liwen , Gong Dexin , Chen Mingkai , Zhu Xu , Liu Linbo , Yu Honggang 
Published: June 2019

INTRODUCTION:
“Resect and discard” paradigm is one of the main strategies to deal with colorectal diminutive polyps after optical diagnosis. However, there are risks that unrecognized potentially malignant lesions are discarded without accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to validate the potential of micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) to improve the diagnostic accuracy of colorectal lesions and help endoscopists make better clinical decision without additional pathology costs.

METHODS:
Fresh tissue samples were obtained from patients with colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer who received endoscopic therapy or laparoscopic surgery. These samples were instantly imaged by μOCT and then sent to pathological evaluation. Then, μOCT images were compared with corresponding HE sections. We created consensus μOCT image criteria and then tested to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of our system to discriminate neoplastic polyps from non-neoplastic polyps.

RESULTS:
Our μOCT system achieved a resolution of 2.0 μm in both axial and lateral directions, clearly illustrated both cross-sectional and en face subcellular-level microstructures of colorectal lesions ex vivo, demonstrating distinctive patterns for inflammatory granulation tissue, hyperplastic polyp, adenoma, and cancerous tissue. For the 58 cases of polyps, the accuracy of the model was 94.83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.30%–98.79%), the sensitivity for identification of adenomas was 96.88% (95% CI, 82.89%–99.99%), and the specificity was 92.31% (95% CI, 74.74%–98.98%). Our diagnostic criteria could help both expert endoscopists and nonexpert endoscopists to identify neoplastic from non-neoplastic polyps with satisfactory accuracy and good interobserver agreement.

DISCUSSION:
We propose a new strategy using μOCT to differentiate benign polyps and adenomas after the lesions are resected. The application of μOCT can potentially reduce the cost of pathological examination and minimize the risk of discarding malignant lesions during colonosocpy examination.
In vitro and in vivo studies of anti diabetic effect of khaya senegalensis leaves and bark extracts
Authors: Osman Widdat Allah Marvit , Ahmed Alrasheid Ayat , Suliman Elamin Eltayeb 
Published: June 2019

Diabetes mellitus in Sudan is one of public health concern since it causes significant mortality and complications for long term. Though conventional drugs are used in the management of diabetes mellitus they are expensive, unavailable and also have numerous side effects. Khaya senegalensis has traditionally used in the management of diabetes. The present study was conducted to examine the In vitro and In vivo anti-diabetic activity of leaves and bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis. The leaves and bark of the plant were extracted with ethanol 96%, and then tested for anti-diabetic activity in a series of in vitro models and a type 2 diabetes model of rats. In vitro bark extract of k.senegalensis showed higher inhibitory activities against the enzyme with IC50 value 226.14 Âµg/ml. In vivo oral administration of the extracts of the k. senegalensis exhibited decrease in blood sugar level and was found to be time dependent. Bark extract showed strong in vitro and in vivo anti diabetic activity.Â Â
Subarea tree routing algorithm based infrastructure for mobile ad-hoc networks
Authors: Kamal Khorsheed Omeed , Abdul Hanan Abdullah Prof Dr 
Published: June 2019

Ad hoc networks are self-organizing and multi-hop networks for data communication. Subarea Tree Routing (STR) has used for multi-hop networks for network division into various subareas. The main objective of this paper is creating a dynamic sub-area tree infrastructure for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). The proposed architecture uses the hierarchical procedure to divide the whole network into many geographical sub-area networks. In addition, each sub-area has a selected root node, we can configure the root node manually due to small ad hoc network and uses auto-discovery procedure to select the roots for large networks. The root node is located at the center of sub-area with hop level zero. The root function is used to update the routing table and root table for sub-area. After sub-area created any interconnected node detects a new inefficient node for sending the invitation message to join the sub-area tree. In the same sub-area, proactive routing protocols are used between the sub-area root node and its interconnect nodes and reactive routing protocols are used between all sub-areas root nodes. The new sub-area tree provides an infrastructure to avoid the flooding procedures. Routing in the sub-area tree avoids the transmission collision to optimize the ad-hoc networks.Â Â
Democratization of Local-Self-Government in Russia: Current State and Perspectives of Development
Authors: POMAZANSKIY Andrey , SEVALNEV Viacheslav 
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the constitutional legal regulation of local self-government. The dynamics of the realization of the constitutional principles of local self-government are researched. It is outlined that the current state of legal regulation is far from the constitutional principles devoted to the local self-government. The vivid example of such regulation is the latest amendments to the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 №131-FZ ‘On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation’. These legislative novelties lead to phasedown of the democratic basis of local self-government. This approach shouldn’t be admitted. Its further spread to all spheres of local activities will result in the estrangement of local communities from the public authorities and officials. In this sense, the piecemeal replacement of democratic procedures in the course of formation of local authorities by the administrative ones fails to meet the legal nature of local self-government.
Special attention is given to the determination the balance between representative and participatory democracy at the local level. The nature and features of local self-government are assumed the use of various organizational forms of execution of local power as well as the system of its legal regulation. Also the determination of the prospects for the extension of participatory democracy at the local level is presented.