bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing corneal ectasia susceptibility detection: analysis of a new algorithm (BAD-D v4)
Authors: Lopes Bernardo T , Belin Michael W , Henriquez Maria A. , Izquierdo Luis , Kohnen Thomas , Ambrosio Renato 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurate detection of post-refractive ectasia susceptibility is essential during preoperative evaluation for laser vision correction (LVC) due to the risk of progressive corneal ectasia and vision decline post-surgery. Despite improved screening and a reduced incidence from 0.66 to 0.033%, iatrogenic ectasia remains a concern due to the severe vision loss it can cause, highlighting the need for more accurate detection tools. A new optimized version of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display version 4 (BAD-D v4) was developed and validated across 26 international centers to enhance the detection of keratoconus and very asymmetric ectasia and to assess the risk of post-refractive ectasia. Analyzing a dataset of 3,886 eyes from 3,351 patients, including normal, keratoconus (KC), and cases with very asymmetric ectasia (VAE) categories, having one eye with normal topography (VAE-NT and the fellow eye with clinical ectasia (VAE-E). The study utilized an optimized logistic regression algorithm improving diagnostic accuracy. The BAD-D v4 showed superior efficacy in differentiating normal eyes from ectatic conditions, with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) scores of 0.997 and 0.998 in training and testing samples for normal versus clinical ectasia. Additionally, in Normal vs. Disease (KC + VAE), the AUROC was 0.974 and 0.966, and in the challenging Normal vs. VAE-NT diverse group, it scored 0.905 and 0.858. These results outperformed the current version (BAD-D v3) and were comparable to the Pentacam Random Forest Index in all tested scenarios, highlighting the potential of BAD-D v4 in early ectasia detection, without altering the index scale or the end-user experience.
Robust learning‐based iterative model predictive control for unknown non‐linear systems
Authors: Hashimoto Wataru , Hashimoto Kazumune , Kishida Masako , Takai Shigemasa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study presents a learning‐based iterative model predictive control (MPC) scheme for unknown (Lipschitz continuous) nonlinear dynamical systems. The proposed method begins by learning the unknown part of the controlled system using a Gaussian process (GP), which helps derive multi‐step reachable sets that are guaranteed to encompass the actual system states. At each time step in each iteration, the MPC controller calculates a sequence of control inputs that robustly satisfy state and control constraints, as well as terminal constraints based on the GP‐based reachable sets. Then only the first control input is applied to the system. After the iteration, the initial state is reset, and the same procedure is executed with the MPC optimization problem defined by the updated terminal set and cost. As iteration goes on, improvement of the control performance is expected since more data is obtained and the environment is progressively explored. The proposed method provides properties such as recursive feasibility and input to state stability of the goal region under certain assumptions. Moreover, bound on the performance cost in each iteration associated with the implementation of the proposed MPC scheme is also analyzed. The results of the simulation study show that the proposed control scheme can iteratively improve the control performance.
Transient energy storage systems for fast frequency response: Power‐train considerations
Authors: Hu Yiheng , Schofield Nigel , Zhao Nan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRenewable energy sources generate power intermittently, which poses challenges in meeting power demand. The use of transient energy storage systems (TESSs) has proven to be an effective solution to this issue. Hence, it is crucial to understand the impact of TESS components design on sizing the power‐train system during fast frequency response. While power‐train systems have been extensively discussed, the impact of dc‐link voltage on the TESS power‐* train and associated power electronics specification requirements has not been evaluated. This study uses a sodium‐nickel chloride (NaNiCl2) battery‐based TESS to assess different power‐train options. Specifically, the research investigates the impact of variations in dc‐link voltage due to battery regulation and state‐of‐charge (SoC) on the design of the TESS‐connected power‐train system, since these will be the major contributions to the power‐train system performance envelope. This paper also compares the performance of TESS power‐train systems with four different schemes. The power‐train models include the detailed modelling of energy sources, power electronic converters, and transformers based on published parameters and testing data. Additionally, the study proposes a performance index to evaluate the superiority of the four schemes in terms of voltage and current rating, efficiency and battery size.
Near‐field scattering centre modelling for complex targets
Authors: Chen Yanxi , Guo Kunyi , Liu Zhouyang , Sheng Xinqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe parametric scattering centre (SC) model of the target has been widely used in the rapid simulation of radar image. Most of the existing SC models are suitable for far‐field scattering where the radar cross section (RCS) is independent of the distance from the target to the radar. However, when the electromagnetic scattering of the target is in the near‐field region of radiation, the RCS of the target changes dramatically in distance. The existing SC model cannot characterise these important near‐field characteristics. In this paper, the near‐field model with the dependence description of the SC on the distance is proposed. Firstly, the scattering characteristics of several main geometric structures of the extended target in the near‐field radiation region are analysed. Then, on the basis of far‐field SC model expressions, the description of the relationship between amplitude and phase of the SC model and distance is added. Finally, the correctness of the near‐field SC model is verified by comparing with the accurate full‐wave numerical method. In order to further illustrate the practicability of the near‐field SC model, an actual aircraft target is used. The results proved that the near‐field SC model has the advantages of high accuracy and high computational efficiency.
High-temperature measurements of acetylene VUV absorption cross sections and application to warm exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Fleury Benjamin , Poveda Mathilde , Benilan Yves , Veillet Roméo , Venot Olivia , Tremblin Pascal , Fray Nicolas , Gazeau Marie-Claire , Schwell Martin , Jolly Antoine , de Oliveira Nelson , Es-sebbar Et-touhami 
Published: December 2024

Context. Most observed exoplanets have high equilibrium temperatures (Teq > 500 K). Understanding the chemistry of their atmospheres and interpreting their observations requires the use of chemical kinetic models including photochemistry. The thermal dependence of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption cross sections of molecules used in these models is poorly known at high temperatures, leading to uncertainties in the resulting abundance profiles.
Aims. The aim of our work is to study experimentally the thermal dependence of VUV absorption cross sections of molecules of interest for exoplanet atmospheres and provide accurate data for use in atmospheric models. This study focuses on acetylene (C2H2).
Methods. We measured absorption cross sections of C2H2 at seven temperatures ranging from 296 to 773 K recorded in the 115–230 nm spectral domain using VUV spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation. These data were used in our 1D thermo-photochemical model, to assess their impact on the predicted composition of a generic hot Jupiter-like exoplanet atmosphere.
Results. The absolute absorption cross sections of C2H2 increase with temperature. This increase is relatively constant from 115 to 185 nm and rises sharply from 185 to 230 nm. The abundance profile of C2H2 calculated using the model shows a slight variation, with a maximum decrease of 40% near 5 × 10−5 bar, when using C2H2 absorption cross sections measured at 773 K compared to those at 296 K. This is explained by the absorption, higher in the atmosphere, of the actinic flux from 150 to 230 nm due to the increase in the C2H2 absorption in this spectral range. This change also impacts the abundance profiles of other by-products such as methane (CH4) and ethylene (C2H4).
Conclusions. We present the first experimental measurements of the VUV absorption cross sections of C2H2 at high temperatures. Similar studies of other major species are needed to improve our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres.
The impact of resistivity on the variability of black hole accretion flows
Authors: Nathanail Antonios , Mizuno Yosuke , Contopoulos Ioannis , Fromm Christian M. , Cruz-Osorio Alejandro , Moriyama Kotaro , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: December 2024

Context. The accretion of magnetized plasma onto black holes is a complex and dynamic process in which the magnetic field plays a crucial role. The amount of magnetic flux that is accumulated near the event horizon significantly impacts the accretion flow behavior. Resistivity, which is a measure of how easily magnetic fields can dissipate, is thought to be a key factor influencing this process.
Aims. This work explores the influence of resistivity on the accretion flow variability. We investigated simulations that reached the limit of the magnetically arrested disk (MAD) and simulations with an initial multi-loop magnetic field configuration.
Methods. We employed 3D resistive general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to model the accretion process under various regimes, where resistivity is globally constant (uniform resistivity).
Results. Our findings reveal distinct flow behaviors depending on resistivity. High-resistivity simulations never achieved the MAD state, which indicates a disturbed magnetic-flux accumulation process. Conversely, low-resistivity simulations converged toward the ideal MHD limit. The key results are that i) for the standard MAD model, resistivity plays a minimum role in flow variability, suggesting that flux eruption events dominate the dynamics. ii) High-resistivity simulations exhibit strong magnetic field diffusion into the disk that rearranges the efficient magnetic flux accumulation from the accretion flow. iii) In multi-loop simulations, resistivity significantly reduces the flow variability, which was not expected. However, magnetic flux accumulation becomes more variable as a result of frequent reconnection events at very low resistivity values.
Conclusions. This study shows that resistivity affects how much the flow is distorted as a result of the magnetic field dissipation. Our findings provide new insights into the interplay between magnetic field accumulation, resistivity, variability, and the dynamics of black hole accretion.
Unveiling VVV/WISE Mira variables on the far side of the Galactic disk
Authors: Albarracín R. , Zoccali M. , Carvajal J. Olivares , Rojas-Arriagada Á. , Minniti J. H. , Catelan M. , De Leo M. , Gran F. , Ramos R. Contreras , Navarro Á. Valenzuela , Salvo-Guajardo C. 
Published: December 2024

Context. The structure and kinematics of the Milky Way disk are largely inferred from the solar vicinity. To gain a comprehensive understanding, it is essential to find reliable tracers in less explored regions such as the bulge and the far side of the disk. Mira variables, which are well studied and bright standard candles, offer an excellent opportunity to trace intermediate and old populations in these complex regions.
Aims. We aim to isolate a clean sample of Miras in the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea survey using Gaussian process algorithms. This sample will be used to study intermediate and old age populations in the Galactic bulge and far disk.
Methods. Near- and mid-infrared time-series photometry were processed using Gaussian Process algorithms to identify Mira variables and model their light curves. We calibrated selection criteria with a visually inspected sample to create a high-purity sample of Miras, integrating multiband photometry and kinematic data from proper motions.
Results. We present a catalog of 3602 Mira variables. By analyzing photometry, we classify them by O-rich or C-rich surface chemistry and derive selective-to-total extinction ratios of AKs/E(J − Ks) = 0.471 ± 0.01 and AKs/E(H − Ks) = 1.320 ± 0.020. Using the Mira period-age relation, we find evidence supporting the inside-out formation of the Milky Way disk. The distribution of proper motions and distances aligns with the Galactic rotation curve and disk kinematics. We extend the rotation curve up to RGC ~ 17 kpc and find no strong evidence of the nuclear stellar disk in our Mira sample. This study constitutes the largest catalog of variable stars on the far side of the Galactic disk to date.
C-Peptid als Surrogatparameter einer residualen Beta-Zellfunktion bei Typ-1-Diabetes und ihre mögliche klinische Bedeutung
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Miszon Martin , Dunstheimer Désirée , Forst Thomas , Kapellen Thomas Michael , Schnell Oliver , Kellerer Monika 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungC-Peptid, ein Molekül, welches in äquimolarer Konzentration zu Insulin produziert wird, hat sich als Biomarker für die Insulinsekretion bei Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes etabliert. Die Messung des C-Peptidspiegels kann in der klinischen Praxis hilfreich sein, um die Restfunktion der insulinproduzierenden β-Zellen zu beurteilen, insbesondere bei Menschen unter Insulintherapie. Sinkende C-Peptidwerte spiegeln dabei eine Verschlechterung der β-Zellfunktion wider. Während die C-Peptid-Sekretion in den ersten Monaten nach Diagnosestellung des Typ-1-Diabetes ein zuverlässiger Prädiktor für eine klinische Teilremission sein kann, gibt es zunehmend Hinweise auf eine persistierende β-Zellfunktion bei Menschen mit langjährigem Typ-1-Diabetes. Bei der Mehrzahl der Menschen mit langjährigem Typ-1-Diabetes ist C-Peptid auch in geringen Mengen nachweisbar, insbesondere wenn hochempfindliche Assays verwendet werden. Trotz erheblicher Fortschritte in der Insulintherapie erreichen in Deutschland nur etwa 44% der Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes eine ausreichende Glukoseeinstellung, um Langzeitkomplikationen zu vermeiden. Die Verbesserung der Überlebensrate der verbleibenden β-Zellen, gemessen an der erhaltenen C-Peptid-Konzentration, steht im Mittelpunkt vieler krankheitsmodifizierender Studien. Eine krankheitsmodifizierende Therapie zur Erhaltung der β-Zellfunktion könnte eine alternative oder ergänzende Behandlungsoption zur Insulintherapie bei Typ-1-Diabetes darstellen. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die Bedeutung des C-Peptids und seine Rolle bei der Diagnose, Überwachung und Behandlung des Typ-1-Diabetes darzustellen.
Surgical Anatomy of the Retrosigmoid Approach with Endoscopic-Assisted Reverse Anterior Petrosectomy: Optimizing Meckel's Cave Access from the Posterior Fossa
Authors: De Bonis Alessandro , Torregrossa Fabio , Dang Danielle D. , Leonel Luciano César P. C. , Mortini Pietro , Link Michael , Colin Driscoll , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives We investigated the extent of access to Meckel's cave (MC) and the middle cranial fossa (MCF) protecting the internal carotid artery (ICA) using the retrosigmoid approach with endoscopic-assisted reverse anterior petrosectomy (EA-RAP).
Methods Five specimens were dissected using the limited and extended EA-RAP. Based on the bone removal of the internal acoustic meatus (IAM) and subarcuate fossa, exposure of the MC and ICA were statistically compared.
Results The limited and extended EA-RAP allowed access to the medial and anterior MC (4 mm posterior to the first genu of the cavernous ICA, and 20 mm posterior to foramen rotundum [FR]). The access to the lateral MC varied with distance of 12 and 8 mm medial to the foramen ovale for the limited and extended EA-RAP, respectively.In the extended EA-RAP, the exposure of the ICA was gained by drilling with the 0-degree endoscope (3 mm) versus 45-degree endoscope (9 mm). The working distances from the midpoint of the IAM to the most medial point of the exposed ICA was 24 mm. The most lateral point of the exposed ICA varied between 0- and 45-degree endoscopes with a distance of 21 and 13 mm, respectively.
Conclusion A coronal plane from the posterior genu of the cavernous ICA and a sagittal plane to the common crus of the semicircular canals can define the area of MCF accessed by the EA-RAP. Drilling of the temporal bone should be carefully customized according to the patient and can be aided by endoscopic assistance for direct visualization to minimize the risk of injuries to ICA.
Synthesis of Cyclic Diglycerols: The Utility of the BF3·OEt2-Mediated Intramolecular Epoxide Ring-Opening Reaction for the Cyclic Polyglycerol Synthesis
Authors: Hamada Masahiro , Noda Mizuki , Saeki Yu , Nakajima Noriyuki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe report the synthesis of cyclic diglycerols, which are the smallest repeating units in polyglycerols. Linear diglycerol epoxy alcohols are treated with a catalytic amount of boron trifluoride–diethyl ether complex (BF3·OEt2) in highly dilute dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) to give the corresponding 1,4-dioxepane- and 1,4-dioxane-type cyclic diglycerols in high yields as single structural isomers. The structures of the cyclic products are determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis. The observed results indicate that the cyclizations are consistent with Baldwin’s rules. The synthesized cyclic diglycerols can serve as standards for further studies.
Dengue and severe dengue with neurological complications: a challenge for prevention and control
Authors: Francelino Emanuelle de Oliveira , Puccioni-Sohler Marzia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDengue is the main urban arbovirus in the Americas. The disease manifests in a varied spectrum: from asymptomatic cases to those with neurological involvement, which is considered a severe form of the disease. Its annual reemergence represents a serious public health problem. The rise in the number of cases causes an increase in the number of patients with neurological manifestations of the disease, which can range from headaches to more serious conditions such as encephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, with high potential of death or sequelae. Dengue prevention and control strategies should also be a concern for neurologists. The aim of the present study is to carry out a narrative review of the current methods to prevent dengue fever and its severe forms, such as cases with neurological complications. The main control measures include vaccination, which is still carried out on a small scale, vector control, and individual protection. The CYD-TDV/Dengvaxia and TAK-003/DENVax vaccines, licensed for use by the Brazilian National Health Regulatory Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, ANVISA, in Portuguese), show efficacy against hospitalizations of 72.7% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 62.3–80.3%) and of 90.4% (95%CI: 82.6–94.7%) respectively. The TV003/TV005 vaccine, which is being studied by Intituto Butantan in Brazil, shows promising results, with an efficacy of 79.6% for symptomatic dengue. Vector control is based on biotechnological and behavioral measures, as well as on the improvement of basic sanitation conditions. The main individual protection measure is the use of topical repellents (icaridin). All of these actions represent important tools for the prevention of dengue fever and its neurological complications.
Investigation of a fast gate driver based on a half-turn planar transformer
Authors: Li Diangeng , Zhang Zicheng , Gao Jingming , Wang Lei , Sun Yijie , He Juntao 
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a magnetically isolated gate driver for the fast switching of IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) in compact pulsed power sources with sharp rising edges and flat-top pulses for the application of electromagnetic launch and food processing. The proposed gate driver is implemented based on a planar transformer with a half-turn winding arrangement to increase the amplitude of the driving voltage pulse. With the half-turn winding arrangement, the leakage inductance of transformers decreases by 31.1% compared to the interleaving structure. This decrease enables a fast rise time of the driving voltage pulse. Furthermore, the gate drivers are used to drive the IGBT switching a Blumlein pulse forming network. The results show that the di/dt of the applied commercially available Si IGBT is about 10.10 A/ns with a gate voltage of 50 V and a gate capacitance charging time of about 88 ns, proving the effectiveness of the gate driver and providing a high-performance driving scheme for the fast switching of Si IGBT.
Structural transitions of calcium carbonate by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Sidler Elizaveta , Cabriolu Raffaela 
Published: December 2024

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, and its phase diagram is of significant scientific interest. We used molecular dynamics to investigate selected structural phase transitions of calcium carbonate. Using the Raiteri potential, we explored the structural transitions occurring at the constant pressure of 1 bar, with temperatures ranging from 300 to 2500 K, and at the constant temperature of 1600 K, with pressures ranging from 0 to 13 GPa. With increasing temperature, the transitions between calcite, CaCO3-IV, and CaCO3-V were characterized. In the calcite structure, the carbonate ions are ordered in a planar triangular arrangement, alternating with layers of calcium ions. As the temperature increases, the transition from calcite to CaCO3-IV occurs, leading to partial disordering of the carbonate ions. At higher temperatures, CaCO3-IV transforms into CaCO3-V. Through free energy analysis, we classified the latter transition as a continuous phase transition. At a temperature of 2000 K, a “disordered CaCO3” structure appears, characterized by low order within the calcium and carbonate sublattices and the free rotation of the carbonate ions. With increasing pressure, two calcium carbonate transformations were observed. At P = 2 GPa, the CaCO3-V phase undergoes a phase transition into CaCO3-IV, demonstrating that the model can describe the transition between these two phases as pressure- and temperature-driven. At P = 4.25 GPa, CaCO3-IV undergoes a phase transition into the CaCO3-Vb phase. This transition is classified as first-order based on free energy calculations.