bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EnKF Ionosphere and Thermosphere Data Assimilation Algorithm Through a Sparse Matrix Method
Authors: He Jianhui , Yue Xinan , Wang Wenbin , Wan Weixing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, we constructed an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) ionosphere and thermosphere data assimilation system using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR‐TIEGCM) as the background model. We use a sparse matrix method to avoid significant matrix related calculation and storage. A series of observing system simulation experiments have been conducted to assess the performance of the system. The results show that the system optimizes ionosphere drivers efficiently by assimilating electron densities through their covariance. The short‐term forecast capability is enhanced significantly, and the effect of initial condition correction lasts for longer than 24 hr. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that the EnKF‐based global ionosphere and thermosphere data assimilation can be conducted without using a supercomputer. This workstation‐based EnKF ionosphere and thermosphere data assimilation system benefits both scientific studies and near‐real‐time operation.
Influence of Recent Climate Shifts on the Relationship Between ENSO and Asian Monsoon Precipitation Oxygen Isotope Ratios
Authors: Cai Zhongyin , Tian Lide , Bowen Gabriel J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent studies have revealed robust in‐phase relationships between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Asian Monsoon precipitation δ18O values (i.e., warm ENSO events with high δ18O values), and this relationship has been used in an attempt to reconstruct past ENSO activity. However, whether this relationship holds in the past is unknown. Here we use precipitation δ18O data from Hong Kong (East Asia) and Bangkok (Southeast Asia) and an ice core δ18O record from Dasuopu glacier (South Asia) to examine the δ18O‐ENSO relationship across two recent climate shifts that occurred during the winters of 1976/1977 and 1988/1989. On an annual scale, the δ18O‐ENSO relationship is weak prior to 1977 and strongest after 1988. We show that the changing δ18O‐ENSO relationship mainly originates from changes in the dry season isotope/climate relationship (which is significant only after 1988), whereas the rainy season relationship is relatively stable. We confirm that, consistent with earlier work on the rainy season, the significant δ18O‐ENSO relationship in the dry season post‐1988 is associated with ENSO's influence on regional convection (Bay of Bengal to South China Sea region). We suggest the insignificant dry season relationship prior to 1989 is due to limited ENSO impacts on convection in the Bay of Bengal to South China Sea region, which is supported by the insignificant relationship between ENSO and vertical velocity at 500 hPa. These findings suggest that without additional constraints, systematic variability in isotope/climate relationships will lead to large uncertainties in ENSO reconstructions based on Asian Monsoon region δ18O data.
The inhibition of chloride intracellular channel 1 enhances Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells
Authors: Lee Jae-Rin , Lee Jong-Yoon , Kim Hyun-Ji , Hahn Myong-Joon , Kang Jong-Sun , Cho Hana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer due to its intrinsic characteristics; it is overexpressed in specific tumor types and its localization changes from cytosolic to surface membrane depending on activities and cell cycle progression. Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules that modulate diverse cellular functions, including cell death. In this study, we investigated the function of CLIC1 in Ca2+ and ROS signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells. Depletion of CLIC1 via shRNAs in A549 cells increased DNA double-strand breaks both under control conditions and under treatment with the putative anticancer agent chelerythrine, accompanied by a concomitant increase in the p-JNK level. CLIC1 knockdown greatly increased basal ROS levels, an effect prevented by BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelator. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements clearly showed that CLIC1 knockdown significantly increased chelerythrine-induced Ca2+ signaling as well as the basal Ca2+ level in A549 cells compared to these levels in control cells. Suppression of extracellular Ca2+ restored the basal Ca2+ level in CLIC1-knockdown A549 cells relative to that in control cells, implying that CLIC1 regulates [Ca2+]i through Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. Consistent with this finding, the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) blocker nifedipine reduced the basal Ca2+ level in CLIC1 knockdown cells to that in control cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CLIC1 knockdown induces an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level via LTCC, which then triggers excessive ROS production and consequent JNK activation. Thus, CLIC1 is a key regulator of Ca2+ signaling in the control of cancer cell survival.
Abundance and survival of microbial aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere
Authors: Bryan N C , Christner B C , Guzik T G , Granger D J , Stewart M F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Bioaerosol transport in the atmosphere disperses microbial species between continents, affects human and plant health, and may influence hydrologic cycling. However, there have been few quantitative observations of bioaerosols at altitudes more than a few kilometers above the surface. Lack of data on bioaerosol distributions in the atmosphere has impeded efforts to assess the aerial dissemination of microbes and their vertical extent in the biosphere. In this study, a helium balloon payload system was used to sample microbial cells and dust particles in air masses as high as 38 km above sea level over three locations in the southwestern United States. The cell concentrations at altitudes between 3 and 29 km were highly similar (2–5 × 105 cells m−3) and approximately threefold lower than those observed in the convective boundary layer (CBL; 1 × 106 cells m−3), decreasing to 8 × 104 cells m−3 at 35–38 km. The detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and recovery of bacteria possessing extreme tolerance to desiccation and shortwave ultraviolet radiation confirmed that certain microorganisms have the capacity to persist at lower altitudes of the stratosphere. Our data and related calculations provide constraints on the upper altitudinal boundary for microbial habitability in the biosphere.
In marine Bacteroidetes the bulk of glycan degradation during algae blooms is mediated by few clades using a restricted set of genes
Authors: Krüger Karen , Chafee Meghan , Ben Francis T , Glavina del Rio Tijana , Becher Dörte , Schweder Thomas , Amann Rudolf I , Teeling Hanno 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We investigated Bacteroidetes during spring algae blooms in the southern North Sea in 2010–2012 using a time series of 38 deeply sequenced metagenomes. Initial partitioning yielded 6455 bins, from which we extracted 3101 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) including 1286 Bacteroidetes MAGs covering ~120 mostly uncultivated species. We identified 13 dominant, recurrent Bacteroidetes clades carrying a restricted set of conserved polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that likely mediate the bulk of bacteroidetal algal polysaccharide degradation. The majority of PULs were predicted to target the diatom storage polysaccharide laminarin, alpha-glucans, alpha-mannose-rich substrates, and sulfated xylans. Metaproteomics at 14 selected points in time revealed expression of SusC-like proteins from PULs targeting all of these substrates. Analyses of abundant key players and their PUL repertoires over time furthermore suggested that fewer and simpler polysaccharides dominated early bloom stages, and that more complex polysaccharides became available as blooms progressed.
Synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of [(η9-C9H9)Ln(η8-C8H8)] super sandwich complexes
Authors: Münzfeld L. , Schoo C. , Bestgen S. , Moreno-Pineda E. , Köppe R. , Ruben M. , Roesky P. W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSandwich complexes are an indispensable part of organometallic chemistry, which is becoming increasingly important in the field of lanthanide-based single molecule magnets. Herein, a fundamental class of pure sandwich complexes, [(η9-C9H9)Ln(η8-C8H8)] (Ln=Nd, Sm, Dy, Er), is reported. These neutral and sandwiched lanthanide compounds exclusively contain fully π-coordinated coplanar eight and nine membered CH rings. The magnetic properties of these compounds are investigated, leading to the observation of slow relaxation of the magnetization, including open hysteresis loops up to 10 K for the Er(III) analogue. Fast relaxation of the magnetization is likewise observed near zero field, a highly important characteristic for quantum information processing schemes. Our synthetic strategy is straightforward and utilizes the reaction of [(η8-C8H8)LnI(thf)n] complexes with [K(C9H9)]. Although all compounds are fully characterized, structural details of the title compounds can also be deduced by Raman spectroscopy only.
Repeaterless quantum key distribution with efficient finite-key analysis overcoming the rate-distance limit
Authors: Maeda Kento , Sasaki Toshihiko , Koashi Masato 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) over a point-to-point link enables us to benefit from a genuine quantum effect even with conventional optics tools such as lasers and photon detectors, but its capacity is limited to a linear scaling of the repeaterless bound. Recently, twin-field (TF) QKD was conjectured to beat the limit by using an untrusted central station conducting a single-photon interference detection. So far, the effort to prove the conjecture was confined to the infinite key limit which neglected the time and cost for monitoring an adversary’s act. Here we propose a variant of TF-type QKD protocol equipped with a simple methodology of monitoring to reduce its cost and provide an information-theoretic security proof applicable to finite communication time. We simulate the key rate to show that the protocol beats the linear bound in a reasonable running time of sending 1012 pulses, which positively solves the conjecture.
Chip-scale atomic diffractive optical elements
Authors: Stern Liron , Bopp Douglas G. , Schima Susan A. , Maurice Vincent N. , Kitching John E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe efficient light–matter interaction and discrete level structure of atomic vapors made possible numerous seminal scientific achievements including time-keeping, extreme non-linear interactions, and strong coupling to electric and magnetic fields in quantum sensors. As such, atomic systems can be regarded as a highly resourceful quantum material platform. Recently, the field of thin optical elements with miniscule features has been extensively studied demonstrating an unprecedented ability to control photonic degrees of freedom. Hybridization of atoms with such thin optical devices may offer a material system enhancing the functionality of traditional vapor cells. Here, we demonstrate chip-scale, quantum diffractive optical elements which map atomic states to the spatial distribution of diffracted light. Two foundational diffractive elements, lamellar gratings and Fresnel lenses, are hybridized with atomic vapors demonstrating exceptionally strong frequency-dependent, non-linear and magneto-optic behaviors. Providing the design tools for chip-scale atomic diffractive optical elements develops a path for compact thin quantum-optical elements.
In vivo structural and functional assessment of optic nerve damage in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vabanesi Marco , Pisa Marco , Guerrieri Simone , Moiola Lucia , Radaelli Marta , Medaglini Stefania , Martinelli Vittorio , Comi Giancarlo , Leocani Letizia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEarly detection of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), especially after optic neuritis, a presenting manifestation commonly observed also in multiple sclerosis (MS), is crucial for timely treatment and prognosis. Integrated visual pathway assessment with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) may help in this task, showing in vivo different pathophysiological backgrounds. We evaluated combined VEP and OCT in a cross-sectional, single-centre study assessing 50 consecutive NMOSD patients, 57 MS patients and 52 healthy controls. After optic neuritis, VEP were more frequently absent in NMOSD compared to MS; most NMOSD eyes with recordable VEP showed prolonged latency, but extreme latency delays were less common than in MS. OCT showed predominantly axonal involvement in NMOSD, with 88% eyes (95% CI: 69–97%) displaying retinal nerve fibre layer thickness <60 µm even after first optic neuritis episode. Accuracy of OCT was further enhanced by combination with VEP into a new Z-score derived OCT-VEP index, measuring prevalence of axonal damage or demyelination. Our results suggest that integrated optic nerve assessment may elucidate differences in optic neuritis pathophysiology; conduction slowing with relatively preserved nerve fibre layer suggests MS, while severe neuroaxonal loss after optic neuritis, often hindering VEP response, characterizes NMOSD.
Insights into the Microbiome of Breast Implants and Periprosthetic Tissue in Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Walker Jennifer N. , Hanson Blake M. , Pinkner Chloe L. , Simar Shelby R. , Pinkner Jerome S. , Parikh Rajiv , Clemens Mark W. , Hultgren Scott J. , Myckatyn Terence M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThough rare, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), a CD30+ T-cell lymphoma associated with textured breast implants, has adversely impacted our perception of the safety of breast implants. Its etiology unknown, one hypothesis suggests an initiating inflammatory stimulus, possibly infectious, triggers BIA-ALCL. We analyzed microbiota of breast, skin, implant and capsule in BIA-ALCL patients (n = 7), and controls via culturing methods, 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. Alpha and beta diversity metrics and relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria were calculated, and phylogenetic trees constructed. Staphylococcus spp., the most commonly cultured microbes, were identified in both the BIA-ALCL and contralateral control breast. The diversity of bacterial microbiota did not differ significantly between BIA-ALCL and controls for any material analyzed. Further, there were no significant differences in the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria between BIA-ALCL and control specimens. Heat maps suggested substantial diversity in the composition of the bacterial microbiota of the skin, breast, implant and capsule between patients with no clear trend to distinguish BIA-ALCL from controls. While we identified no consistent differences between patients with BIA-ALCL-affected and contralateral control breasts, this study provides insights into the composition of the breast microbiota in this population.
SREBP1-dependent de novo fatty acid synthesis gene expression is elevated in malignant melanoma and represents a cellular survival trait
Authors: Wu Su , Näär Anders M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstractde novo fatty acid biosynthesis (DNFA) is a hallmark adaptation of many cancers that supports survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Here we elucidate previously unexplored aspects of transcription regulation and clinical relevance of DNFA in cancers. We show that elevated expression of DNFA genes is characteristic of many tumor types and correlates with poor prognosis, especially in melanomas. Elevated DNFA gene expression depends on the SREBP1 transcription factor in multiple melanoma cell lines. SREBP1 predominantly binds to the transcription start sites of DNFA genes, regulating their expression by recruiting RNA polymerase II to promoters for productive transcription elongation. We find that SREBP1-regulated DNFA represents a survival trait in melanoma cells, regardless of proliferative state and oncogenic mutation status. Indeed, malignant melanoma cells exhibit elevated DNFA gene expression after the BRAF/MEK signaling pathway is blocked (e.g. by BRAF inhibitors), and DNFA expression remains higher in melanoma cells resistant to vemurafenib treatment than in untreated cells. Accordingly, DNFA pathway inhibition, whether by direct targeting of SREBP1 with antisense oligonucleotides, or through combinatorial effects of multiple DNFA enzyme inhibitors, exerts potent cytotoxic effects on both BRAFi-sensitive and -resistant melanoma cells. Altogether, these results implicate SREBP1 and DNFA enzymes as enticing therapeutic targets in melanomas.
Dysfunctional EAT thickness may promote maladaptive heart remodeling in CVD patients through the ST2-IL33 system, directly related to EPAC protein expression
Authors: Vianello Elena , Dozio Elena , Bandera Francesco , Schmitz Gerd , Nebuloni Manuela , Longhi Erika , Tacchini Lorenza , Guazzi Marco , Corsi Romanelli Massimiliano Marco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDysfunctional epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) secretome can influence the heart’s stretch response. However, the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to clarify how dysfunctional EAT promotes maladaptive heart remodeling in cardiovascular disease (CVD) through ST2 production associated with exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) proteins. A series of 55 CVD males were enrolled and their EAT thickness, LV mass and volumes were measured by echocardiography. Blood, plasma and EAT biopsies were collected for molecular and proteomic assays. Taking EAT thickness as a continuous variable there was a direct correlation between the ST2 cardiac stretch mediator and EAT thickness (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and an inverse relation between the ST2 gene and IL-33 expression (r −0.50, p < 0.01). In the CVD population EPAC2 expression directly correlated with the ST2 gene (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001) causing an ST2/IL-33 system local (p < 0.001) and systemic (sST2 = 57.33 ± 3.22 and IL-33 = 0.53 ± 017 pg/mL; p < 0.0001) protein imbalance associated with maladaptive remodeling. This indicated that dysfunctional EAT is a source of both EPAC and ST2 protein and an EPAC2 isoform seems involved in ST2 production in adipose tissue. Both EPAC2 and ST2 expression were directly related to maladaptive heart remodeling indices, suggesting EAT measurements could be useful in the early assessment of CVD complications.
High-throughput stability screening for detergent-solubilized membrane proteins
Authors: Kotov Vadim , Bartels Kim , Veith Katharina , Josts Inokentijs , Subhramanyam Udaya K. Tiruttani , Günther Christian , Labahn Jörg , Marlovits Thomas C. , Moraes Isabel , Tidow Henning , Löw Christian , Garcia-Alai Maria M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein stability in detergent or membrane-like environments is the bottleneck for structural studies on integral membrane proteins (IMP). Irrespective of the method to study the structure of an IMP, detergent solubilization from the membrane is usually the first step in the workflow. Here, we establish a simple, high-throughput screening method to identify optimal detergent conditions for membrane protein stabilization. We apply differential scanning fluorimetry in combination with scattering upon thermal denaturation to study the unfolding of integral membrane proteins. Nine different prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane proteins were used as test cases to benchmark our detergent screening method. Our results show that it is possible to measure the stability and solubility of IMPs by diluting them from their initial solubilization condition into different detergents. We were able to identify groups of detergents with characteristic stabilization and destabilization effects for selected targets. We further show that fos-choline and PEG family detergents may lead to membrane protein destabilization and unfolding. Finally, we determined thenmodynamic parameters that are important indicators of IMP stability. The described protocol allows the identification of conditions that are suitable for downstream handling of membrane proteins during purification.
Crustose lichens with lichenicolous fungi from Paleogene amber
Authors: Kaasalainen Ulla , Kukwa Martin , Rikkinen Jouko , Schmidt Alexander R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLichens, symbiotic consortia of lichen-forming fungi and their photosynthetic partners have long had an extremely poor fossil record. However, recently over 150 new lichens were identified from European Paleogene amber and here we analyse crustose lichens from the new material. Three fossil lichens belong to the extant genus Ochrolechia (Ochrolechiaceae, Lecanoromycetes) and one fossil has conidiomata similar to those produced by modern fungi of the order Arthoniales (Arthoniomycetes). Intriguingly, two fossil Ochrolechia specimens host lichenicolous fungi of the genus Lichenostigma (Lichenostigmatales, Arthoniomycetes). This confirms that both Ochrolechia and Lichenostigma already diversified in the Paleogene and demonstrates that also the specific association between the fungi had evolved by then. The new fossils provide a minimum age constraint for both genera at 34 million years (uppermost Eocene).
Children with Autism show Atypical Preference for Non-social Stimuli
Authors: Gale Catherine M. , Eikeseth Svein , Klintwall Lars 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present investigation describes three studies testing the hypothesis that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show an atypical preference for non-social stimuli. Preference for non-social and social stimuli was assessed using applications on a portable tablet computer. Twenty-eight children with ASD were matched on developmental age with the chronological age of 41 typically developing (TD) children. The non-social stimuli consisted of six different films of abstract moving geometric patterns. Social stimuli were six different films of the face of young adults (Study 1 and 3) or six films of different dogs’ faces (Study 2). When given a choice between the non-social and social stimuli, children with ASD preferred the non-social stimuli. When the human faces were replaced with dogs’ faces the participants with ASD continued to prefer the non-social stimuli. A high reinforcement value of non-social stimuli was also demonstrated when the non-social stimuli were presented alone, suggesting the preference for the non-social stimuli was not simply an avoidance of social stimuli. Whenever an infant prefers non-social stimuli over social stimuli, non-typical development in social communication and social interests may result, together with the development of high levels and frequently occurring stereotyped and repetitive behavior. These behaviors define Autism.