bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and short‐term changes of cognitive dysfunction in young ischaemic stroke patients
Authors: Pinter D. , Enzinger C. , Gattringer T. , Eppinger S. , Niederkorn K. , Horner S. , Fandler S. , Kneihsl M. , Krenn K. , Bachmaier G. , Fazekas F. 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeInformation on the prevalence and course of post‐stroke cognitive impairment in young stroke patients is limited. The aim was to assess a consecutive sample of acute young ischaemic stroke patients (18–55 years) for the presence and development of neuropsychological deficits.MethodsPatients prospectively underwent a comprehensive clinical and cognitive assessment, examining general cognitive function, processing speed, attention, flexibility/executive function and word fluency within the first 3 weeks after hospital admission (median assessment at day 6) and at a 3 months’ follow‐up (FU). Cognitive dysfunction was defined in comparison to age‐standardized published norms.ResultsAt baseline (N = 114), deficits were highly prevalent in processing speed (56.0%), flexibility/executive function (49.5%), attention (46.4%) and general cognitive function (42.1%). These frequencies were comparable for those with FU assessment (N = 87). In most domains, cognitive performance improved within 3 months, except for word fluency. However, in about one‐third of patients, cognitive deficits (as defined by 1.5 standard deviations below the standardized mean) were still present 3 months after stroke. At FU, 44.0% were impaired in the domain flexibility/executive function, 35.0% in processing speed and 30.0% in attention.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of cognitive deficits in acute young patients with ischaemic stroke highlights the importance of early post‐stroke cognitive assessment to capture a patient's dysfunction in a comprehensive manner and to offer adequate rehabilitation. The role of factors which promote neuropsychological deficits needs further exploration.
Too big to be audited? The new world of auditing in international organizations
Authors: Monfardini Patrizio , von Maravic Patrick 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWithin the NPM debate, audit reforms have been largely investigated at the national level. The best‐known theoretical approach to approach audit reforms is provided by Michael Power, who suggested the idea of an “audit explosion” and then of an “audit society.” Power draws his insights from cases situated at the national level without explicitly considering international organizations (IOs) as both subject and object of audit reforms, despite their increasing relevance in economy and society. It, therefore, makes sense to consider Power's hypotheses as a starting point for the analysis of audit reforms in IOs to investigate whether the framework has value in studying audit reforms in such organizations. This research adds to the existing body of literature by providing a comparative analysis of audit reforms in six IOs over the course of the past 20 years to shed light on a fundamentally changing method of auditing them.
Presence of an invasive species reverses latitudinal clines of multiple traits in a native species
Authors: Thawley Christopher J. , Goldy‐Brown Mark , McCormick Gail L. , Graham Sean P. , Langkilde Tracy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the processes driving formation and maintenance of latitudinal clines has become increasingly important in light of accelerating global change. Many studies have focused on the role of abiotic factors, especially temperature, in generating clines, but biotic factors, including the introduction of non‐native species, may also drive clinal variation. We assessed the impact of invasion by predatory fire ants on latitudinal clines in multiple fitness‐relevant traits—morphology, physiological stress responsiveness, and antipredator behavior—in a native fence lizard. In areas invaded by fire ants, a latitudinal cline in morphology is opposite both the cline found in museum specimens from historical populations across the species’ full latitudinal range and that found in current populations uninvaded by fire ants. Similarly, clines in stress‐relevant hormone response to a stressor and in antipredator behavior differ significantly between the portions of the fence lizard range invaded and uninvaded by fire ants. Changes in these traits within fire ant‐invaded areas are adaptive and together support increased and more effective antipredator behavior that allows escape from attacks by this invasive predator. However, these changes may mismatch lizards to the environments under which they historically evolved. This research shows that novel biotic pressures can alter latitudinal clines in multiple traits within a single species on ecological timescales. As global change intensifies, a greater understanding of novel abiotic and biotic pressures and how affected organisms adapt to them across space and time will be central to predicting and managing our changing environment.
Design as a Mode of Inquiry in Design Pedagogy and Design Thinking
Authors: Ejsing‐Duun Stine , Skovbjerg Helle Marie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this article is to provide a theoretical framework to strengthen design thinking and practice in the context of teaching through productive processes and using it to generate knowledge. The article explores three modes of inquiry inspired by Dewey and based on Schön, Barab & Squire and DiSalvo to investigate academic inquiry in design pedagogy and design thinking. These three modes are aimed at generating knowledge in three different areas: the design practice (in order to be a good designer and create good designs), a given research area, and societal issues. Based on empirical study from a design course at Aalborg University, Copenhagen, where these three modes were taught, we show the potential in using design processes as modes of academic inquiry directed toward different subjects. By teaching the implication of these modes of inquiry, students are provided with more opportunities for action as design approaches include exploring the subject through visualisation and materialisation, and the methods for knowledge production are expanded.
Hippocampal expression of cell‐adhesion glycoprotein neuroplastin is altered in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ilic Katarina , Mlinac‐Jerkovic Kristina , Jovanov‐Milosevic Natasa , Simic Goran , Habek Nikola , Bogdanovic Nenad , Kalanj‐Bognar Svjetlana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCell‐adhesion glycoprotein neuroplastin (Np) is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and balancing hippocampal excitatory/inhibitory inputs which aids in the process of associative memory formation and learning. Our recent findings show that neuroplastin expression in the adult human hippocampus is specifically associated with major hippocampal excitatory pathways and is related to neuronal calcium regulation. Here, we investigated the hippocampal expression of brain‐specific neuroplastin isoform (Np65), its relationship with amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and potential involvement of neuroplastin in tissue response during the disease progression. Np65 expression and localization was analysed in six human hippocampi with confirmed AD neuropathology, and six age‐/gender‐matched control hippocampi by imunohistochemistry. In AD cases with shorter disease duration, the Np65 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the dentate gyrus (DG), Cornu Ammonis 2/3 (CA2/3), and subiculum, with the highest level of Np expression being located on the dendrites of granule cells and subicular pyramidal neurons. Changes in the expression of neuroplastin in AD hippocampal areas seem to be related to the progression of disease. Our study suggests that cell‐adhesion protein neuroplastin is involved in tissue reorganization and is a potential molecular marker of plasticity response in the early neurodegeneration process of AD.
Four Models of Protecting Citizenship and Social Rights in Europe: Conclusions to the Special Issue ‘Rethinking the European Social Market Economy’
Authors: Claassen Rutger , Gerbrandy Anna , Princen Sebastiaan , Segers Mathieu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article offers a synthesis of and conclusion to the contributions included in the Special Issue ‘Rethinking the European Social Market Economy’. Based on different understandings of citizenship in the European Union and the roles of the EU and its member states in providing social protection arrangements, it develops a typology of four models of the EU's role in social protection. It then discusses the contributions to this Special Issue in light of this typology and draws a number of overarching conclusions.
Biased recommendations from biased and unbiased experts
Authors: Chung Wonsuk , Harbaugh Rick 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhen can you trust an expert to provide honest advice? We develop and test a recommendation game where an expert helps a decision maker choose among two actions that benefit the expert and an outside option that does not. For instance, a salesperson recommends one of two products to a customer who may instead purchase nothing. Subject behavior in a laboratory experiment is largely consistent with predictions from the cheap talk literature. For sufficient symmetry in payoffs, recommendations are persuasive in that they raise the chance that the decision maker takes one of the actions rather than the outside option. If the expert is known to have a payoff bias toward an action, such as a salesperson receiving a higher commission on one product, the decision maker partially
discounts a recommendation for it and is more likely to take the outside option. If the bias is uncertain, then biased experts lie even more, whereas unbiased experts follow a
political correctness strategy of pushing the opposite action so as to be more persuasive. Even when the expert is known to be unbiased, if the decision maker already favors an action the expert
panders toward it, and the decision maker partially discounts the recommendation. The comparative static predictions hold with any degree of lying aversion up to pure cheap talk, and most subjects exhibit some limited lying aversion. The results highlight that the transparency of expert incentives can improve communication, but need not ensure unbiased advice.
MRI features of presumed normal palatine tonsils in dogs
Authors: Ruiz‐Drebing M. , Dennis R. , Sparkes A. , Dominguez E. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the MRI characteristics of normal palatine tonsils in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of 95 dogs with presumed normal tonsils. Tonsillar margination, shape and signal intensity in pre‐ and postcontrast studies were assessed and the cross‐sectional area was measured at the point of maximal size on transverse images.ResultsIn all cases the tonsils were located with their largest transverse cross‐section at the level of the temporomandibular joints. Their margins were well‐defined in all dogs; in 57 (60%) the borders were smooth and in 38 (40%) slightly irregular. The majority (96%) of the tonsils were rounded to oval in cross‐section and the remainder were elongated. All tonsils were hyperintense to the medial pterygoid muscles in T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, FLAIR and T2* gradient echo images and they showed either homogeneous (53%) or heterogeneous (47%) signal intensity. Contrast enhancement was marked (65%) or moderate (33%) in the majority of animals. Median tonsillar cross‐sectional area was approximately 29 mm2 (90% confidence interval: 10.0 to 64.4 mm2). There was significant positive correlation between bodyweight and tonsillar cross‐sectional area and a weak negative correlation between age and tonsillar cross‐sectional area.Clinical SignificanceMRI is of value in assessing normal palatine tonsils in dogs. This study could be used as a baseline for the investigation of the value of MRI in assessment of tonsillar disease in dogs.
A swing arm device for the acoustic measurement of food texture
Authors: Akimoto Hidemi , Sakurai Naoki , Blahovec Jiri 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe developed a swing arm device for acoustic measurement of food texture, which resolved difficulties of food texture evaluation. The device has a structure of balance‐style and a probe in the device is moved downward along with motion of swing arm according to the balance of weights at both ends of the swing arm. The probe was inserted into a food sample. The device measured displacement and acceleration of the probe on food fracture by probe insertion with high precision until the probe stops inserting into a food sample. Using the displacement and acceleration of the probe on fracture, we calculated three parameters to determine food texture. Energy texture index (ETI) which is probe kinetic energy of acoustic vibration was evaluated by the vibration on food fracture. Audible energy texture index (aETI) could be introduced as food texture perceived by human sense of hearing, which was obtained by multiplying ETI by human hearing sensitivity. It was found that the ETI and aETI can be used for measurement of characteristic food texture detected at a tooth and perceived in brain, respectively. Food friction index (FFI) to explain the friction strength of a probe against a food sample was theoretically formulated under the condition of probe motion in the device. FFI was found to be useful not only for crispy food like biscuit but for soft food. The measured FFI indicated characteristic of smoothness of probe insertion into food sample.Practical applicationsThe swing arm device can be used to estimate food texture by measuring probe vibration energy on food fracture. Energy texture index (ETI) and Audible energy texture index (aETI) are introduced into measurements of food with crispness which emits sounds on fracture by probe insertion. ETI is an index to estimate probe vibration energy, while aETI is one to estimate food texture by human sense of hearing that was corrected by human hearing sensitivity as human hearing sensitivity is highest around sound frequency ranging from 1,000 to 4,000 Hz. Food friction index (FFI) was also obtained by the device to evaluate smoothness of probe insertion into a food sample. ETI, aETI, and FFI can be useful parameters for food texture of water melon, pear, persimmon, apple, cookie, potato chips, and biscuit. FFI is especially suitable for evaluation of soft food such as banana, avocado, mango, melon, peach, pudding, or bread.
Self‐esteem fully mediates positive life events and depressive symptoms in a sample of 173 patients with affective disorders
Authors: Sarubin Nina , Goerigk Stephan , Padberg Frank , Übleis Aline , Jobst Andrea , Erfurt Lena , Schumann Christin , Nadjiri Annekatrin , Dewald‐Kaufmann Julia , Falkai Peter , Bühner Markus , Naumann Felix , Hilbert Sven 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesPrevious research showed that positive and negative life events influence the development of depression. However, it is less clear how life events interact with depressive symptoms and self‐esteem.Design and methodsThe present study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of self‐esteem on the relationship between life events and depressive symptoms in adulthood. The Traumatic Antecedent Questionnaire, Multidimensional Self‐esteem Scale (MSWS), and Becks Depression Inventory were administered in 173 psychiatric inpatients (mean age 39.69 ± 14.56 years, ranging from 18 to 76 years). At the time of assessment, all patients suffered from depressive symptoms caused by an affective disorder (major depression, bipolar I, dysthymia).ResultsPath analyses showed that the individual level of self‐esteem (measured by MSWS) fully mediated the association between positive life events and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe current study indicates that future therapy programmes for patients with depressive symptoms could include interventions focusing on the improvement of self‐esteem, as increasing self‐esteem may be beneficial for recovery.Practitioner points

To date, this is the first study exploring the pathways from positive/negative life events to depressive symptoms.

The relationship between positive life experiences and depressive symptoms was fully mediated by self‐esteem.

Strengthening self‐esteem in therapy might lower the vulnerability for depression.
Longitudinal association between low self‐esteem and depression in early adolescents: The role of rejection sensitivity and loneliness
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Li Xiaoyu , Tian Lili , Huebner E. Scott 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesAlthough the relation between low self‐esteem and depression has been well established, little is known about the possible psychological mechanisms that account for the relation between them. Based on Beck's cognitive theory of depression, the main aim of this study was to explore the notion that rejection sensitivity and loneliness serve as mediators of the relation between low self‐esteem and depression among early adolescents.DesignUsing a longitudinal design, we evaluated the hypothesized model with a sample of 866 Chinese early adolescents (51% females) between 11 and 15 years old who completed questionnaires on three occasions at 1‐year intervals.ResultsStructural equation modelling showed that: (1) low self‐esteem at Time 1 positively predicted depression at Time 3; (2) rejection sensitivity at Time 2 partially mediated the relation between low self‐esteem at Time 1 and depression at Time 3; (3) low self‐esteem at Time 1 demonstrated partial indirect effects on depression at Time 3 successively via rejection sensitivity and loneliness at Time 2; and (4) rejection sensitivity predicted an increase in loneliness but not vice versa, and depression accounted for later loneliness, but not for rejection sensitivity.ConclusionsThe associations between low self‐esteem and depression among early adolescents may be explained by rejection sensitivity and loneliness. These results suggest implications for effective interventions for depression in early adolescents.Practitioner points

Low self‐esteem is a risk factor for depression in early adolescents, and rejection sensitivity and loneliness help explain the vulnerability model.

Implementing empirically based intervention plans to overcome low self‐esteem may be helpful in efforts to reduce depression in early adolescents.

Effective interventions should likely include efforts to decrease rejection sensitivity and loneliness and their effects, such as training to interpret verbal and behavioural cues in social interactions more accurately and to develop more effective social skills to enhance social confidence.
Cytokinin action in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants
Authors: Cortleven Anne , Leuendorf Jan Erik , Frank Manuel , Pezzetta Daniela , Bolt Sylvia , Schmülling Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe phytohormone cytokinin was originally discovered as a regulator of cell division. Later, it was described to be involved in regulating numerous processes in plant growth and development including meristem activity, tissue patterning, and organ size. More recently, diverse functions for cytokinin in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses have been reported. Cytokinin is required for the defence against high light stress and to protect plants from a novel type of abiotic stress caused by an altered photoperiod. Additionally, cytokinin has a role in the response to temperature, drought, osmotic, salt, and nutrient stress. Similarly, the full response to certain plant pathogens and herbivores requires a functional cytokinin signalling pathway. Conversely, different types of stress impact cytokinin homeostasis. The diverse functions of cytokinin in responses to stress and crosstalk with other hormones are described. Its emerging roles as a priming agent and as a regulator of growth‐defence trade‐offs are discussed.
Metabolomics and fish nutrition: a review in the context of sustainable feed development
Authors: Roques Simon , Deborde Catherine , Richard Nadège , Skiba‐Cassy Sandrine , Moing Annick , Fauconneau Benoit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAquaculture is facing a strategic challenge to improve feed suitability and support the global increase in fish production. Improvements in diet formulation for sustainable nutritional strategies have focused to date on the partial substitution of marine resources by plant resources but will now include other alternative feedstuffs. Growth trials and body composition data provide valuable indicators of fish nutritional status, while omics technologies may contribute to a better understanding of fish nutrition and help to demonstrate how feed and nutrients act in fish metabolism. Metabolomic approaches give an insight into fish metabolism through a non‐targeted analysis of metabolites in tissues or biofluids that involve multiple factors affecting fish, such as nutrition. In this review, we highlight the outcomes of publications in metabolomics applied to fish nutrition. We explain the concept of metabolomics and discuss specific technical considerations related to sample type, sampling and sample preparation. We show how metabolomic studies help to elucidate the impact of nutrition on fish fillet composition and fish metabolism. Finally, we describe the potential applications of metabolomic approaches for the non‐invasive monitoring of fish nutritional status.
The comparison of two different extenders for the improvement of large‐scale sperm cryopreservation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Várkonyi Levente , Bokor Zoltán , Molnár József , Fodor Ferenc , Szári Zsolt , Ferincz Árpád , Staszny Ádám , Láng Levente Zete , Csorbai Balázs , Urbányi Béla , Bernáth Gergely 
Published: November 2018

ContentsIn our study, a traditionally used (Grayling, already used in cyprinid species) and a newly tested (Pike) extender was tested to avoid sperm agglutination phenomenon following thawing during carp sperm cryopreservation. A large‐scale (elevated volume of sperm) freezing method in a controlled‐rate freezer using 5 ml straw and 10 ml cryotube was also systematically established. In all experiments, the sperm cryopreserved in using Grayling extender (except only one sample) showed an agglutination phenomenon (damaged and intact cells adhered to each other) after thawing where Pike extender resulted the regular cell suspension. No significant difference was observed between the two cryopreserved groups (Pike and Grayling extender) in all motility parameters using the 0.5 ml straw and the polystyrene box. Similarly, motility parameters did not show a significant difference in the two frozen groups with the 5 ml straw, also in the polystyrene box. A significantly higher progressive motility (pMOT, Grayling: 54% ± 8%, Pike: 37% ± 5%), straight line velocity (VSL, Grayling: 50 ± 5 µm/s, Pike: 39 ± 4 µm/s) and beat cross frequency (BCF, Grayling: 20 ± 1 Hz, Pike: 17 ± 1 Hz) was observed in the case of the grayling extender by the 5 ml straw cryopreserved in a controlled‐rate freezer (CRF) compare to the pike extender. A significantly higher VSL (Grayling: 45 ± 3 µm/s, Pike: 38 ± 4 µm/s) was observed by the grayling extender using the 10 ml cryotube than with the pike extender. Despite the randomly occurring differences in a few parameters, our new controlled freezing method using the newly tested Pike extender, the 5 ml straw or the 10 ml cryotube can be a good solution for the preservation of elevated volume of carp sperm.