bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy protects against renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Tang Chengyuan , Han Hailong , Liu Zhiwen , Liu Yuxue , Yin Lijun , Cai Juan , He Liyu , Liu Yu , Chen Guochun , Zhang Zhuohua , Yin Xiao-Ming , Dong Zheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of abrupt loss of renal functions. The underlying pathological mechanisms of AKI remain largely unknown. BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) has dual functions of regulating cell death and mitophagy, but its pathophysiological role in AKI remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated an increase of BNIP3 expression in cultured renal proximal tubular epithelial cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD-R) and in renal tubules after renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR)-induced injury in mice. Functionally, silencing Bnip3 by specific short hairpin RNAs in cultured renal tubular cells reduced OGD-R-induced mitophagy, and potentiated OGD-R-induced cell death. In vivo, Bnip3 knockout worsened renal IR injury, as manifested by more severe renal dysfunction and tissue injury. We further showed that Bnip3 knockout reduced mitophagy, which resulted in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced cell death and inflammatory response in kidneys following renal IR. Taken together, these findings suggest that BNIP3-mediated mitophagy has a critical role in mitochondrial quality control and tubular cell survival during AKI.
Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition rescues axonal transport impairments and prevents the neurotoxicity of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120
Authors: Wenzel Erin D. , Speidell Andrew , Flowers Sarah A. , Wu Chengbiao , Avdoshina Valeria , Mocchetti Italo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite successful antiretroviral drug therapy, a subset of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-positive individuals still display synaptodendritic simplifications and functional cognitive impairments referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). The neurological damage observed in HAND subjects can be experimentally reproduced by the HIV envelope protein gp120. However, the complete mechanism of gp120-mediated neurotoxicity is not entirely understood. Gp120 binds to neuronal microtubules and decreases the level of tubulin acetylation, suggesting that it may impair axonal transport. In this study, we utilized molecular and pharmacological approaches, in addition to microscopy, to examine the relationship between gp120-mediated tubulin deacetylation, axonal transport, and neuronal loss. Using primary rat cortical neurons, we show that gp120 decreases acetylation of tubulin and increases histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a cytoplasmic enzyme that regulates tubulin deacetylation. We also demonstrate that the selective HDAC6 inhibitors tubacin and ACY-1215, which prevented gp120-mediated deacetylation of tubulin, inhibited the ability of gp120 to promote neurite shortening and cell death. We further observed by co-immunoprecipitation and confirmed with mass spectroscopy that exposure of neurons to gp120 decreases the association between tubulin and motor proteins, a well-established consequence of tubulin deacetylation. To assess the physiological consequences of this effect, we examined the axonal transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We report that gp120 decreases the velocity of BDNF transport, which was restored to baseline levels when neurons were exposed to HDAC6 inhibitors. Overall, our data suggest that gp120-mediated tubulin deacetylation causes impairment of axonal transport through alterations to the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Exosome reporter mice reveal the involvement of exosomes in mediating neuron to astroglia communication in the CNS
Authors: Men Yuqin , Yelick Julia , Jin Shijie , Tian Yang , Chiang Ming Sum R. , Higashimori Haruki , Brown Eoin , Jarvis Rachel , Yang Yongjie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAstroglia play active and diverse roles in modulating neuronal/synaptic functions in the CNS. How these astroglial functions are regulated, especially by neuronal signals, remains largely unknown. Exosomes, a major type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endosomal intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), have emerged as a new intercellular communication process. By generating cell-type-specific ILVs/exosome reporter (CD63-GFPf/f) mice and immuno-EM/confocal image analysis, we found that neuronal CD63-GFP+ ILVs are primarily localized in soma and dendrites, but not in axonal terminals in vitro and in vivo. Secreted neuronal exosomes contain a subset of microRNAs (miRs) that is distinct from the miR profile of neurons. These miRs, especially the neuron-specific miR-124-3p, are potentially internalized into astrocytes. MiR-124-3p further up-regulates the predominant glutamate transporter GLT1 by suppressing GLT1-inhibiting miRs. Our findings suggest a previously undescribed neuronal exosomal miR-mediated genetic regulation of astrocyte functions, potentially opening a new frontier in understanding CNS intercellular communication.
Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations
Authors: Fragoza Robert , Das Jishnu , Wierbowski Shayne D. , Liang Jin , Tran Tina N. , Liang Siqi , Beltran Juan F. , Rivera-Erick Christen A. , Ye Kaixiong , Wang Ting-Yi , Yao Li , Mort Matthew , Stenson Peter D. , Cooper David N. , Wei Xiaomu , Keinan Alon , Schimenti John C. , Clark Andrew G. , Yu Haiyuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEach human genome carries tens of thousands of coding variants. The extent to which this variation is functional and the mechanisms by which they exert their influence remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we leverage the ExAC database of 60,706 human exomes to investigate experimentally the impact of 2009 missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across 2185 protein-protein interactions, generating interaction profiles for 4797 SNV-interaction pairs, of which 421 SNVs segregate at > 1% allele frequency in human populations. We find that interaction-disruptive SNVs are prevalent at both rare and common allele frequencies. Furthermore, these results suggest that 10.5% of missense variants carried per individual are disruptive, a higher proportion than previously reported; this indicates that each individual’s genetic makeup may be significantly more complex than expected. Finally, we demonstrate that candidate disease-associated mutations can be identified through shared interaction perturbations between variants of interest and known disease mutations.
A potent broadly neutralizing human RSV antibody targets conserved site IV of the fusion glycoprotein
Authors: Tang Aimin , Chen Zhifeng , Cox Kara S. , Su Hua-Poo , Callahan Cheryl , Fridman Arthur , Zhang Lan , Patel Sangita B. , Cejas Pedro J. , Swoyer Ryan , Touch Sinoeun , Citron Michael P. , Govindarajan Dhanasekaran , Luo Bin , Eddins Michael , Reid John C. , Soisson Stephen M. , Galli Jennifer , Wang Dai , Wen Zhiyun , Heidecker Gwendolyn J. , Casimiro Danilo R. , DiStefano Daniel J. , Vora Kalpit A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of hospitalization and infant mortality under six months of age worldwide; therefore, the prevention of RSV infection in all infants represents a significant unmet medical need. Here we report the isolation of a potent and broadly neutralizing RSV monoclonal antibody derived from a human memory B-cell. This antibody, RB1, is equipotent on RSV A and B subtypes, potently neutralizes a diverse panel of clinical isolates in vitro and demonstrates in vivo protection. It binds to a highly conserved epitope in antigenic site IV of the RSV fusion glycoprotein. RB1 is the parental antibody to MK-1654 which is currently in clinical development for the prevention of RSV infection in infants.
The role of irrigation in changing wheat yields and heat sensitivity in India
Authors: Zaveri Esha , B. Lobell David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIrrigation has been pivotal in wheat’s rise as a major crop in India and is likely to be increasingly important as an adaptation response to climate change. Here we use historical data across 40 years to quantify the contribution of irrigation to wheat yield increases and the extent to which irrigation reduces sensitivity to heat. We estimate that national yields in the 2000s are 13% higher than they would have been without irrigation trends since 1970. Moreover, irrigated wheat exhibits roughly one-quarter of the heat sensitivity estimated for fully rainfed conditions. However, yield gains from irrigation expansion have slowed in recent years and negative impacts of warming have continued to accrue despite lower heat sensitivity from the widespread expansion of irrigation. We conclude that as constraints on expanding irrigation become more binding, furthering yield gains in the face of additional warming is likely to present an increasingly difficult challenge.
PEST-CHEMGRIDS, global gridded maps of the top 20 crop-specific pesticide application rates from 2015 to 2025
Authors: Maggi Federico , Tang Fiona H. M. , la Cecilia Daniele , McBratney Alexander 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAvailable georeferenced environmental layers are facilitating new insights into global environmental assets and their vulnerability to anthropogenic inputs. Geographically gridded data of agricultural pesticides are crucial to assess human and ecosystem exposure to potential and recognised toxicants. However, pesticides inventories are often sparse over time and by region, mostly report aggregated classes of active ingredients, and are generally fragmented across local or government authorities, thus hampering an integrated global analysis of pesticide risk. Here, we introduce PEST-CHEMGRIDS, a comprehensive database of the 20 most used pesticide active ingredients on 6 dominant crops and 4 aggregated crop classes at 5 arc-min resolution (about 10 km at the equator) projected from 2015 to 2025. To estimate the global application rates of specific active ingredients we use spatial statistical methods to re-analyse the USGS/PNSP and FAOSTAT pesticide databases along with other public inventories including global gridded data of soil physical properties, hydroclimatic variables, agricultural quantities, and socio-economic indices. PEST-CHEMGRIDS can be used in global environmental modelling, assessment of agrichemical contamination, and risk analysis.
High pollutant exposure level of the largest European community of bottlenose dolphins in the English Channel
Authors: Zanuttini Cyrielle , Gally François , Scholl Georges , Thomé Jean-Pierre , Eppe Gauthier , Das Krishna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (T-Hg) in the blubber and skin, respectively, of the free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the Normanno-Breton Gulf, one of the largest identified coastal population in Europe. Among all the POPs analysed in this study, the ∑NDL-PCBs were the most abundant compounds found in the blubber (mean: 1.33 × 105–0.65 × 105 ng.g−1 lipid weight (lw) for males and females respectively), followed by ∑DDX (1.11 × 104–4.67 × 103 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑DL-PCBs (8.06 × 103–2.62 × 103ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PBDEs (1.95 × 103–0.64 × 103ng.g−1 lw) > dieldrin (1.86 × 103–0.18 × 103 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑endosulfan (405–62 ng.g−1 lw) > HCB (86–52 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑HCHs (47–60 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑chlordane (24–0.97 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PCDFs (0.3–0.1 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PCDDs (0.06–0.05 ng.g−1 lw). The T-Hg concentrations were highly variable between individuals (2.45 × 103 ng.g−1 to 21.3 × 103 ng.g−1 dry weight, dw). The reported concentrations are among the highest reported for cetaceans. We strongly recommend that the Normanno-Breton Gulf be a special area of conservation (cSAC) candidate because it contains the last large European population of bottlenose dolphins (rare or threatened within a European context) designated under the EC Habitats Directive.
Lithia/(Ir, Li2IrO3) nanocomposites for new cathode materials based on pure anionic redox reaction
Authors: Lee Si Yeol , Park Yong Joon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnionic redox reactions attributed to oxygen have attracted much attention as a new approach to overcoming the energy-density limits of cathode materials. Several oxides have been suggested as new cathode materials with high capacities based on anionic (oxygen) redox reactions. Although most still have a large portion of their capacity based on the cationic redox reaction, lithia-based cathodes present high capacities that are purely dependent upon oxygen redox. Contrary to Li-air batteries, other systems using pure oxygen redox reactions, lithia-based cathodes charge and discharge without a phase transition between gas and condensed forms. This leads to a more stable cyclic performance and lower overpotential compared with those of Li-air systems. However, to activate nanolithia and stabilize reaction products such as Li2O2 during cycling, lithia-based cathodes demand efficient catalysts (dopants). In this study, Ir based materials (Ir and Li2IrO3) were introduced as catalysts (dopants) for nanolithia composites. Oxide types (Li2IrO3) were used as source materials of catalyst because ductile metal (Ir) can hardly be pulverized during the milling process. Two types of Li2IrO3 were prepared and used for catalyst-sources. They were named ‘1-step Li2IrO3’ and ‘2-step Li2IrO3’, respectively, since they were prepared by ‘1-step’ or ‘2-step’ heat treatment. The nanocomposites prepared using lithia & 2-step Li2IrO3 presented a higher capacity, more stable cyclic performance, and lower overpotential than those of the nanocomposites prepared using lithia & 1-step Li2IrO3. The voltage profiles of the nanocomposites prepared using lithia & 2-step Li2IrO3 were stable up to a limited capacity of 600 mAh·g−1, and the capacity was maintained during 100 cycles. XPS analysis confirmed that the capacity of our lithia-based compounds is attributable to the oxygen redox reaction, whereas the cationic redox related to the Ir barely contributes to their discharge capacity.
Clinical-pathological issues in thyroid pathology: study on the routine application of NIFTP diagnostic criteria
Authors: Canini Valentina , Leni Davide , Pincelli Angela Ida , Scardilli Marcella , Garancini Mattia , Villa Chiara , Di Bella Camillo , Capitoli Giulia , Cimini Riccardo , Leone Biagio Eugenio , Pagni Fabio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn 2017, the WHO classification of tumours of the endocrine organs established the criteria for a NIFTP diagnosis. The present paper considers some aspects that are still debated or unresolved: the real incidence and clinical meaning of multifocal/multinodular lesions, the biological behaviour of micro-NIFTP, the sprinkling phenomenon and the corresponding modifications to the FNA reporting systems based on changes to the ROM. Moreover, the paper suggests possible scenarios for the clinical-pathological management of this entity. From the initial 1470 cases, a group of 68 NIFTPs was recruited in a 9 year-long period. The average age at diagnosis was 55 years. The average diameter of the lesion was 1.7 cm (0.1 cm–10 cm). In 41 cases (60.1%), the lesion was inserted in the context of a multinodular background. In 12 cases, the diagnosis was incidental and the pre- operative FNA was performed on a different target. In 10 out of 68 cases, there was a multifocal NIFTP; in 14.7% of patients, PTC-like nuclear features showed sprinkling phenomenon. The cytological revision allocated 21 cases (49%) to the SIAPEC TIR3 indeterminate class and a nuclear score 2 or 3 were identified in 25 smears. Multifocality is part of the spectrum of NIFTPs, that can arise in a multinodular background with variable sizes from microscopic lesions to very large ones. Cytopathological criteria such as an evaluation of the nuclear score may help the pathologists in promoting a NIFTP diagnosis in the preoperative setting.
On the evolving nature of c/a ratio in a hexagonal close-packed epsilon martensite phase in transformative high entropy alloys
Authors: Sinha Subhasis , Nene Saurabh S. , Frank Michael , Liu Kaimiao , Agrawal Priyanka , Mishra Rajiv S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractActivation of different slip systems in hexagonal close packed (h.c.p.) metals depends primarily on the c/a ratio, which is an intrinsic property that can be altered through alloying addition. In conventional h.c.p. alloys where there is no diffusion-less phase transformation and associated transformation volume change with deformation, the c/a ratio remains constant during deformation. In the present study, c/a ratio and transformation volume change of h.c.p. epsilon martensite phase in transformative high entropy alloys (HEAs) were quantified as functions of alloy chemistry, friction stir processing and tensile deformation. The study revealed that while intrinsic c/a is dependent on alloying elements, c/a of epsilon in transformative HEAs changes with processing and deformation. This is attributed to transformation volume change induced dependence of h.c.p. lattice parameters on microstructure and stress state. Lower than ideal c/a ratio promotes non-basal pyramidal 〈c + a〉 slip and deformation twinning in epsilon phase of transformative HEAs. Also, a unique twin-bridging mechanism was observed, which provided experimental evidence supporting existing theoretical predictions; i.e., geometrical factors combined with grain orientation, c/a ratio and plastic deformation can result in characteristic twin boundary inclination at 45–50°.
Structure and kinematics of the Taurus star-forming region from Gaia-DR2 and VLBI astrometry
Authors: Galli P. A. B. , Loinard L. , Bouy H. , Sarro L. M. , Ortiz-León G. N. , Dzib S. A. , Olivares J. , Heyer M. , Hernandez J. , Román-Zúñiga C. , Kounkel M. , Covey K. 
Published: September 2019

Aims. We take advantage of the second data release of the Gaia space mission and the state-of-the-art astrometry delivered from very long baseline interferometry observations to revisit the structure and kinematics of the nearby Taurus star-forming region.
Methods. We apply a hierarchical clustering algorithm for partitioning the stars in our sample into groups (i.e., clusters) that are associated with the various molecular clouds of the complex, and derive the distance and spatial velocity of individual stars and their corresponding molecular clouds.
Results. We show that the molecular clouds are located at different distances and confirm the existence of important depth effects in this region reported in previous studies. For example, we find that the L 1495 molecular cloud is located at d = 129.9+0.4−0.3 pc, while the filamentary structure connected to it (in the plane of the sky) is at d = 160.0+1.2−1.2 pc. We report B 215 and L 1558 as the closest (d = 128.5+1.6−1.6 pc) and most remote (d = 198.1+2.5−2.5 pc) substructures of the complex, respectively. The median inter-cloud distance is 25 pc and the relative motion of the subgroups is on the order of a few km s−1. We find no clear evidence for expansion (or contraction) of the Taurus complex, but signs of the potential effects of a global rotation. Finally, we compare the radial velocity of the stars with the velocity of the underlying 13CO molecular gas and report a mean difference of 0.04 ± 0.12 km s−1 (with rms of 0.63 km s−1) confirming that the stars and the gas are tightly coupled.
Ultraschnell wirksame Betablocker Esmolol und Landiolol: Aktuelle Rolle in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin
Authors: Gassanov Natig , Er Fikret 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie schnell und kurzwirksamen Betablocker Esmolol und Landiolol sind zugelassen zur Therapie der supraventrikulären Tachykardien. Beide Substanzen sind kardioselektiv mit einer sehr hohen β1-Rezeptor-Selektivität.Esmolol und Landiolol können aufgrund ihrer pharmakologischen Eigenschaften eine Alternative zu anderen Substanzen in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin sein. Die meisten klinischen Studien deuten auf einen günstigen Effekt der ultrakurz wirksamen Betablocker auf die Herzfrequenz und andere hämodynamische Parameter hin. Jedoch fehlen bisher die qualitativ hochwertigen Studien, die eine eindeutige Überlegenheit der beiden β-Adrenorezeptor-Antagonisten gegenüber den etablierten Wirkstoffen zeigen. Angesichts der aktuellen Datenlage bleibt der Einsatz der beiden Betablocker ausgewählten Patienten mit Tachyarrhythmien vorbehalten, die unzureichend auf die bisherige Therapie ansprechen.
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation after Hip Fracture: A
Review
Authors: Pfeifer Michael , Dionyssiotis Yannis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith increasing longevity, hip fractures become more and more a serious burden
not only for societies in developed civilization, but also for emerging
countries. According to world-wide projections 1.5 million people are affected
each year. Although a lot of research has been performed over the last decade,
there is still a lack of standardized and evidence-based approaches for
prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of this worst complication of
osteoporosis.Therefore, the evidence base for this article was synthesized in accordance with
SIGN methodology. Databases searched include Medline, Embase, Cinahl and the
Cochrane Library between March 1999 and March 2019. The following terms are
used: osteoporosis, hip fracture, rehabilitation, falls, muscle strength,
nutrition, exercise, balance, sway, and hip protectors. Moreover, reference
lists from included studies were checked and author`s names were searched for
additional studies.Possibly, the best approach to rehabilitation after hip fracture is a
multi-disciplinary team co-ordinating medical, social, educational and
vocational measure for training or retraining the individual to the highest
possible level of function. In order to prevent thromboembolism low-dose
anti-coagulation therapy (e. g. fondaparinux, rivaroxaban) may be used for
approximately two weeks after surgery. This should be accompanied by a daily
nutritional intake of at least 20 g protein, 1200 mg of elemental calcium and
800 I. U. of vitamin D, whereas in severe vitamin D insufficiencies
recommendations may be certainly higher.After surgical repair of the hip fracture, an anti-resorptive medication may be
started. While balance training and performing of Tai Chi has been shown to
reduce fall risk and thereby also decrease hip fracture risk, the use of hip
protectors is still under evaluation and cannot be generally advocated.