bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplication cyst of the ileum presenting with severe anemia detected by double-balloon endoscopy
Authors: Takegawa Yumi , Hiramatsu Katsushi , Murata Yosuke , Akazawa Yu , Saito Yasushi , Ozaki Yoshihiko , Takahashi Kazuto , Naito Tatsushi , Ofuji Kazuya , Matsuda Hidetaka , Ohtani Masahiro , Nemoto Tomoyuki , Suto Hiroyuki , Goi Takanori , Imamura Yoshiaki , Nakamoto Yasunari 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Duplication cysts of the ileum are rare and present with non-specific clinical manifestations such as abdominal pain, vomiting, melena, and intussusception. Therefore, preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Here, we report a case of duplication cyst of the small intestine that was diagnosed preoperatively using double-balloon enteroscopy. A 19-year-old man presented with severe iron deficiency anemia, abdominal pain, and exertional dyspnea. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy revealed no remarkable findings. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a cystic structure in the ileum. Therefore, we performed double-balloon enteroscopy via the anal route. The intestinal tract was bifurcated, with one segment ending in a blind sac containing normal villi and an ulceration. Tc-99 m pertechnetate scintigraphy showed no accumulation in the lesion. Accordingly, we diagnosed a duplication cyst and suspected that this was the cause of severe anemia. Following small bowel resection with cyst excision and anastomosis, the anemia and presenting symptoms resolved. This report highlights the usefulness of double-balloon enteroscopy of the small intestine for preoperative diagnosis of the obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, including duplication cysts.
A circumferential rectal superficial neoplasm resected with endoscopic submucosal dissection using the pocket-creation method
Authors: Abdul Rani Rafiz , Yoshida Naohisa , Murakami Takaaki , Ogiso Kiyoshi , Hirose Ryohei , Inada Yutaka , Konishi Hideyuki , Naito Yuji , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Ando Takashi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is recognized as an important technique in the nonsurgical management of early gastrointestinal carcinoma and it is continuously undergoing evolution in terms of technique and equipment. The pocket-creation method was recently developed for overcoming various difficulties such as large tumor size and severe fibrosis in ESD. Circumferential ESDs are rare and pose technical difficulties. We present a case of a circumferential rectal ESD using a pocket-creation method with two pockets. The associated planning, strategies, and outcome of the procedure are discussed.
Future cities: asserting public governance
Authors: Joss Simon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe smart city has become a main prism through which urban futures are viewed. With it comes the promise of big data technology enabling more resource-efficient urban systems and improved governance. Increasingly, however, this technocentric view is being challenged, at least rhetorically, by seeking to place people at the heart of smart city development. Yet, especially in the case of the UK, such development typically takes place within a governance context which marginalises established planning and decision processes, thus arguably weakening public accountability. Moreover, the norms of engagement change in that citizens are assigned more of an entrepreneurial role as co-producers of data-driven information. It becomes necessary, therefore, to reconsider, as well as reinvigorate the place of the public in the future city. This article seeks to do so by making the case, on one hand, for strengthening institutional frameworks and, on the other, advancing a more active role for citizens to become involved in actualising and scrutinising future cities.
Advancing agenda building
Authors: Mohr Tiffany L. , Furey Lauren D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study tested the three levels of agenda building using an experimental design to identify possible causal relationships. This research contributes to the study and practice of political public relations by examining the process by which an issue is created and transferred to the public. Results indicate various support for agenda building including overall issue salience and issue attribute salience. The study also tested the compelling arguments hypothesis and found strong support for attribute salience contributing to overall issue salience. These findings are important for political public relations practitioners as it demonstrates that contextual issue attributes increase issue salience for the public.
One name can change many things
Authors: Kim Jisu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
As an application study of the network agenda-setting model, this study examines how the media and public network agendas can differ, based on which political candidate was mentioned along with the immigration issue in news coverage and in public tweets. Through network analyses, this study shows that there were differences in the salient attributes of the immigration issue, and that the dominant narrative structure of the issue depended on which political candidate was mentioned.
Serum Cortisol and Cortisone as Potential Biomarkers of Partial 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Deficiency
Authors: Carvajal Cristian A , Tapia-Castillo Alejandra , Valdivia Carolina P , Allende Fidel , Solari Sandra , Lagos Carlos F , Campino Carmen , Martínez-Aguayo Alejandro , Vecchiola Andrea , Pinochet Constanza , Godoy Claudia , Iturrieta Virginia , Baudrand Rene , Fardella Carlos E 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPathogenic variations in HSD11B2 gene triggers the apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome (AME). There is scarce information regarding the phenotypes of subjects carrying heterozygous pathogenic variants in HSD11B2 gene. We investigated if serum cortisol/cortisone (F/E) ratio and cortisone are useful for identifying partial 11βHSD2 deficiency in those heterozygous subjects.METHODSWe studied two patients diagnosed with AME and their families carrying either D223N or R213C mutation. We also evaluated 32 healthy control subjects (13 children and 19 adults) to obtain normal references ranges for all measured variables. Case 1: A boy carrying D223N mutation in HSD11B2 gene and Case 2: A girl carrying R213C mutation. We assessed serum F/E ratio and cortisone by HPLC-MS/MS, aldosterone, plasma-renin-activity(PRA), electrolytes, and HSD11B2 genetic analyses.RESULTSThe normal values (median [interquartile range]) in children for serum F/E and cortisone (µg/dl) were 2.56 [2.21–3.69] and 2.54 [2.35–2.88], and in adults were 4.42 [3.70–4.90] and 2.23 [1.92–2.57], respectively. Case 1 showed a very high serum F/E 28.8 and low cortisone 0.46 µg/dl. His mother and sister were normotensives and heterozygous for D223N mutation with high F/E (13.2 and 6.0, respectively) and low cortisone (2.0 and 2.2, respectively). Case 2 showed a very high serum F/E 175 and suppressed cortisone 0.11 µg/dl. Her parents and sister were heterozygous for the R213C mutation with normal phenotype, but high F/E and low cortisone. Heterozygous subjects showed normal aldosterone, PRA, but lower fractional excretion of sodium and urinary Na/K ratio than controls.CONCLUSIONSerum F/E ratio and cortisone allow to identify partial 11βHSD2 deficiencies, as occurs in heterozygous subjects, who would be susceptible to develop arterial hypertension.
Reactome Pengine: a web-logic API to the Homo sapiens reactome
Authors: Neaves Samuel R , Tsoka Sophia , Millard Louise A C 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Summary
Existing ways of accessing data from the Reactome database are limited. Either a researcher is restricted to particular queries defined by a web application programming interface (API) or they have to download the whole database. Reactome Pengine is a web service providing a logic programming-based API to the human reactome. This gives researchers greater flexibility in data access than existing APIs, as users can send their own small programs (alongside queries) to Reactome Pengine.

Availability and implementation
The server and an example notebook can be found at https://apps.nms.kcl.ac.uk/reactome-pengine. Source code is available at https://github.com/samwalrus/reactome-pengine and a Docker image is available at https://hub.docker.com/r/samneaves/rp4/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identification and function of FAR protein family genes from a transcriptome analysis of Aphelenchoides besseyi
Authors: Wang Dong-Wei , Xu Chun-Ling , Ding Shan-Wen , Huang Xin , Cheng Xi , Zhang Chao , Chen Chun , Xie Hui 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The rice white tip nematode (RWTN) Aphelenchoides besseyi is a migratory plant parasitic nematode that infects the aboveground parts of plants. Fatty acid- and retinoid-binding (FAR) proteins are nematode-specific proteins that are involved in many important biological processes. Genes encoding FAR proteins have been identified in many species of nematodes, which indicated that nematodes may produce more than one type of FAR protein. The main goal of this study is to find new molecular targets including new far genes that will help control RWTN, and reduce the economic damage caused by RWTN.

Results
Two RWTN populations with different levels of pathogenicity and reproduction were sequenced and analyzed with next-generation sequencing. 17 087 transcripts were annotated using six databases and 1696 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two RWTN populations. Seven new Ab-far genes were identified from the transcriptome data of the two RWTN populations which is the first to identify multiple far genes in plant parasitic nematodes. This study is the first to identify far genes in the nervous system of nematodes and the first to report a transcriptome sequencing analysis of different RWTN populations. The results help elucidate the genes related to parasitism and pathogenicity and also contribute to the identification of new target genes and development of new methods to control RWTN.

Availability and implementation
Our data are publicly available at Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database and GenBank database.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hölder Regularity for Singular Parabolic Obstacle Problems of Porous Medium Type
Authors: Cho Yumi , Scheven Christoph 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We study the regularity of weak solutions to parabolic obstacle problems related to equations of singular porous medium type that are modeled after the nonlinear equation $$\partial_{t} u - \Delta u^{m} = 0.$$For the range of exponents 0 &lt; m &lt; 1, we prove that locally bounded weak solutions are locally Hölder continuous, provided the obstacle function is. Moreover, in the case $\frac{(n-2)_{+}}{n+2} &lt; m &lt; 1$ we show that every weak solution is locally bounded and therefore Hölder continuous.
Reduction in the Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in U.S. Acute Care Hospitals, 2015 vs 2011
Authors: Magill Shelley S , Wilson Lucy E , Thompson Deborah L , Ray Susan M , Nadle Joelle , Lynfield Ruth , Janelle Sarah J , Kainer Marion A , Greissman Samantha , Dumyati Ghinwa , Beldavs Zintars G , Edwards Jonathan R ,   Emerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
A 2011 prevalence survey conducted by CDC and the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) showed that 1 in 25 hospital patients had ≥1 healthcare-associated infection (HAI). We repeated the survey in 2015 to assess changes in HAI prevalence.​

Methods
In EIP sites (CA, CO, CT, GA, MD, MN, NM, NY, OR, TN) hospitals that participated in the 2011 survey were recruited for the 2015 survey. Hospitals selected 1 day from May–September 2015 on which a random patient sample was identified from the morning census. Trained EIP staff reviewed patient medical records using comparable methods and the same National Healthcare Safety Network HAI definitions used in 2011. Proportions of patients with HAIs were compared using chi-square tests; patient characteristics were compared using chi-square or median tests (OpenEpi 3.01, SAS 9.3).

Results
Data were available from 143 hospitals that participated in both surveys; data from 8954 patients in the 2011 survey were compared with preliminary data from 8833 patients in the 2015 survey. Patient characteristics such as median age, days from admission to survey, and critical care location were similar. Urinary catheter prevalence was lower in 2015 (1,589/8,833, 18.0%) compared with 2011 (2,052/8,954, 22.9%, P &lt; 0.0001), as was central line prevalence (2015: 1,539/8,833, 17.4%, vs. 2011: 1,687/8,954, 18.8%, P = 0.02). The proportion of patients with HAIs was lower in 2015 (284/8,833, 3.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–3.6%) than in 2011 (362/8,954, 4.0%, 95% CI 3.7–4.5%, P = 0.003). Of 309 HAIs in 2015, pneumonia (PNEU) and Clostridium difficileinfections (CDI) were most common (Figure); proportions of patients with PNEU and/or CDI were similar in 2015 (130/8833, 1.5%) and 2011 (133/8954, 1.5%, P = 0.94). A lower proportion of patients had surgical site (SSI) and/or urinary tract infections (UTI) in 2015 (77/8833, 0.9%) vs. 2011 (136/8954, 1.5%, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
HAI prevalence was significantly lower in 2015 compared with 2011. This is partially explained by fewer SSI and UTI, suggesting national efforts to prevent SSI, reduce catheter use and improve UTI diagnosis are succeeding. By contrast, there was no change in the prevalence of the most common HAIs in 2015, PNEU and CDI, indicating a need for increased prevention efforts in hospitals.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Effect of Macrolide Prophylactic Therapy on AIDS-Defining Conditions and HIV-Related Mortality
Authors: Pasayan Mark Kristoffer , Mationg Mary Lorraine , Boettiger David , Lam Wilson , Zhang Fujie , Ku Wen-Wei , Merati Ketut Tuti , Chaiwarith Romanee , Cuong Do Duy , Yunihastuti Evy , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Van Kinh Nguyen , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Sun Ly Penh , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Kantipong Pacharee , Kumarasamy Nagalingswaran , Pujari Sanjay , Sim Benedict Lh , Ng Oon Tek , Choi Jun Yong , Tanuma Junko , Ross Jeremy , Ditangco Rossana ,   TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) of IeDEA Asia-Pacific
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Mycobacterium avium–intracelllulare complex (MAC) prophylaxis is recommended for patients with CD4 counts of &lt; 50 cells/mm3. With the significant decrease in incidence of disseminated MAC infection and the effective immune recovery due to the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), the benefits of giving MAC prophylaxis were investigated. This study examined the impact of macrolide prophylaxis on AIDS-defining conditions and HIV-associated mortality in a cohort of HIV-infected patients on ART.

Methods
TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) patients aged ≥18 years with a CD4 count &lt; 50 cells/mm3 at ART initiation were included. The effect of macrolide prohylaxis on HIV-associated mortality or an AIDS event (as a combined outcome) and HIV-associated mortality alone were evaluated using competing risk regression. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess whether results were consistent in patients with a CD4 &lt; 100 cells/mm3 at ART initiation.

Results
Of 1,345 eligible patients (78% male with median age at ART initiation of 34.8 years), 10.6% received macrolide prophylaxis. The rates of the combined outcome and HIV-associated mortality per 100 patient years were 7.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.04–8.95] and 3.14 (95% CI: 2.35–4.19), respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, macrolide use was associated with a significantly decreased risk of HIV-associated mortality (HR 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01–0.80, P = 0.031) but not the combined outcome (HR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.32–2.229, P = 0.764). Sensitivity analyses showed that, among patients with a CD4 &lt; 100 cells/ mm3 at ART initiation, these results were consistent.

Conclusion
Macrolide prophylaxis is associated with significantly improved survival among Asian HIV-infected patients with very low CD4 cell counts. The benefits of giving macrolide prophylaxis remain despite the availability of effective ART.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Quantification of Subdural Electrode Shift Between Initial Implantation, Postimplantation Computed Tomography, and Subsequent Resection Surgery
Authors: Fan Xiaoyao , Roberts David W , Kamal Yasmin , Olson Jonathan D , Paulsen Keith D 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Subdural electrodes are often implanted for localization of epileptic regions. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) is typically acquired to locate electrode positions for planning any subsequent surgical resection. Electrodes are assumed to remain stationary between CT acquisition and resection surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To quantify subdural electrode shift that occurred between the times of implantation (Crani 1), postoperative CT acquisition, and resection surgery (Crani 2).

METHODS
Twenty-three patients in this case series undergoing subdural electrode implantation were evaluated. Preoperative magnetic resonance and postoperative CT were acquired and coregistered, and electrode positions were extracted from CT. Intraoperative positions of electrodes and the cortical surface were digitized with a coregistered stereovision system. Movement of the exposed cortical surface was also tracked, and change in electrode positions was calculated relative to both the skull and the cortical surface.

RESULTS
In the 23 cases, average shift of electrode positions was 8.0 ± 3.3 mm between Crani 1 and CT, 9.2 ± 3.7 mm between CT and Crani 2, and 6.2 ± 3.0 mm between Crani 1 and Crani 2. The average cortical shift was 4.7 ± 1.4 mm with 2.9 ± 1.0 mm in the lateral direction. The average shift of electrode positions relative to the cortical surface between Crani 1 and Crani 2 was 5.5 ± 3.7 mm.

CONCLUSION
The results show that electrodes shifted laterally not only relative to the skull, but also relative to the cortical surface, thereby displacing the electrodes from their initial placement on the cortex. This has significant clinical implications for resection based upon seizure activity and functional mapping derived from intracranial electrodes.
Phenotypes/endotypes-driven treatment in asthma
Authors: Braido Fulvio , Tiotiu Angelica , Kowal Krzysztof , Mihaicuta Stefan , Novakova Plamena , Oguzulgen Ipek Kivilcim 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
Target therapy is the necessary step towards personalized medicine. The definition of asthma phenotypes and underlying mechanisms (endotypes) represent a key point in the development of new asthma treatments. Big data analysis, biomarker research and the availability of monoclonal antibodies, targeting specific cytokines is leading to the rapid evolution of knowledge. In this review, we sought to outline many of the recent advances in the field.

Recent findings
Several attempts have been made to identify asthma phenotypes, sometimes with contrasting results. More success has been obtained concerning the pathogenetic mechanism of specific asthma patterns with the consequent identification of biomarkers and development of effective ad hoc treatment.

Summary
We are in the middle of an extraordinary revolution of our mode of thinking about and approaching asthma. All the effort in the identification of clusters of patients with different disease clinical patterns, prognosis and response to treatment is closely linked to the identification of endotypes (Th2-low and Th2-high). This approach has allowed the development of the specific treatments (anti IgE, Anti IL5 and IL5R) that are now available and is leading to new ones.
Occipital condyle fractures in the pediatric population
Authors: Seymour James , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Warner William C. , Kelly Derek M. , Muhlbauer Michael S. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The purpose of this study was to determine associated injuries and outcomes in children with occiptal condyle fracture (OCF).

Methods:
From review of medical records, children with OCF were identified. Demographics, length of stay, Glasgow Coma Scores (GCS), associated injuries, and outcomes were collected. The Anderson-Montesano classification system was used to define the fracture patterns.

Results:
Of 587 children with a base of the skull fracture, only 13 with OCF were identified (10 type II; three type I). All patients were treated nonoperatively except one patient who had an atlantooccipital dislocation. Associated injuries included scalp contusion, concussion, cerebral edema, neck injury, thoracic trauma, abdominal trauma, and appendicular skeletal fracture. Complications noted within 2 months included tinnitus in three patients and hearing loss in one. One patient had convulsions and syncope 2 years after injury. One patient had difficulties with temperature regulation and bladder control, inability to sweat, headaches, comprehension difficulty, weakness, and tremor 3 years after the accident. One patient was lost to follow-up.

Conclusions:
OCF is rare in children but is associated with head, thoracic, and abdominal trauma. Type I and II fractures predominate. Although operative treatment rarely is necessary, it is required in patients with atlantooccipital dislocation. Ligamentous structures should be assessed with MRI.
The evolving state of acute pediatric septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
Authors: Franklin Don B. , Stephens Byron F. , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Kelly Derek M. , Beaty James H. , Spence David D. , Smith Richard A. , Warner William C. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
A 2006 study from our institution found a 10-fold increase in pediatric community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) osteoarticular infections over a 5-year period and found that these patients had a higher complication rate and required more surgical debridements than those with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections. Clinical experience since that time has suggested that these trends may have continued. Our investigation sought to evaluate the evolving nature of these infections since the previous publication.

Methods:
The records of all patients treated at our institution for acute hematogenous septic arthritis and osteomyelitis between January 2005 and December 2011 were reviewed for demographic, diagnostic, clinical, and radiographic data.

Results:
Of the 240 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 100 were diagnosed with CA-MRSA infections, 51 had MSSA infections, and 75 had no identifiable pathogen. Group A streptococcus (GAS), group B streptococcus (GBS), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Salmonella were together responsible for 14 infections. The overall infection incidence was 4.29 cases per 1000 hospital admissions. The mean age of CA-MRSA patients was 6.4 yr, compared to 8.9 yr for MSSA patients (P=0.002). There was no significant difference in admission laboratory values, surgical procedures, or long-term complications for CA-MRSA and MSSA infections. Subperiosteal abscess was evident in 51% and 45% of CA-MRSA and MSSA patients, respectively. Surgical intervention was required in 87% of CA-MRSA patients and 84% of MSSA patients. Deep vein thrombosis was identified in 12 CA-MRSA patients, five of whom subsequently developed septic pulmonary emboli. Eight CA-MRSA patients developed chronic osteomyelitis, as did one MSSA patient. Intramuscular abscesses were seen in nine CA-MRSA patients and four MSSA patients. Empiric antibiotic therapy consisted primarily of clindamycin or vancomycin and was tailored according to microbial sensitivities.

Conclusions:
Contrary to trends identified in an earlier publication, the annual frequency of CA-MRSA infections has stabilized at roughly 40% of all cases. Our data suggest that MSSA infections have become more virulent because these patients now have similar rates of complications and operative interventions to patients with CA-MRSA infections.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level II study (retrospective).