bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defense Gene Expression of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek., against Cercospora Leaf Spots (CLS)
Authors: K. Koche Deepak , Chaudhary Arvind D. 
Published: April 2019

Most cultivars of Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek grown in Indian subcontinent are susceptible to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is a major biotic stress resulting in poor yield of this crop. Therefore, it is essential to investigate resistance status of different cultivars to CLS and develop effective strategy. Present investigation was focused on the role of biochemical compounds in resistance response of this crop to CLS in naturally grown population and after artificial induction with pathogen derived elicitor. The defense responses in vivo and in vitro were analyzed in the form of phytoalexin genestein, PAL and PR- proteins in their leaves. PR-proteins, PAL and genestein were assayed employing established protocols. In naturally grown population, four cultivars- Kopergaon, TARM-1, TARM-2 and TARM-18 showed lesser accumulation of genestein and lower level of PAL and PR- proteins. However, Pant M-3, ML-1037 and ML-936 showed resistant interaction with very high accumulation of genestein, PAL and PR proteins. Similar trends of accumulation of these biochemicals were observed in in vitro condition after elicitation with pathogen derived elicitor. The correlation study showed that the cultivars with lower defense related expression showed high disease incidence (51-61%) and with higher defense related expression were with less than 5% CLS incidence. It could be stated that PR-proteins, PAL and genestein has prominent role in defense mechanism of mungbean against CLS as biochemical markers and further their utility in early screening for disease resistance of crop plants could be explored.
Recommended Ways to be Assertive and Committed in Overweight and Obesity Control and Prevention: A Review
Authors: Wankasi H. I. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: This systematic review article recommends how one who yearns and willing to control/lose weight in order to prevent obesity can be assertive and committed to the intended course.
Study Context: The study started at the last lap of study in United Kingdom 2014 and concluded in Nigeria 2015. The recommendations herein are not for a particular setting, as these may be useful to anyone if the outlined principles are adopted by all affected persons irrespective of ethnicity, gender and location.
Methodology: A critical online searches were conducted to identify existing strategies and interventions designed to reduce the trend of obesity. Materials comprising of journal publications from Pub MED, Science Direct, NIH websites, several books from University and College libraries, personal books as well as books from charity shops covering period from 1992-2014 were accessed and explored.
Findings: At least 70 articles were accessed, of which 54 were used as sample. Out of the 54 materials, 77% stressed regular exercise, adequate sleep and selective/control diet as obesity preventive/control measures, 14% emphasised exercise, diet rich in vegetables and drugs, 6% said avoid stress and ensure communication, while 3% articles advocate diet and surgery as well as reports on nursing staff counselling clients and regular exercises.
Conclusion: Based on the relevance of the existing programmes, this paper postulates the need to tackle the obesity scourge by applying these two leadership concepts (assertiveness and commitment) to enhance effectiveness (achieve desired weight reduction) of these already existing weight reducing activities.
DDX41 mutations in myeloid neoplasms are associated with male gender, TP53 mutations and high‐risk disease
Authors: Quesada Andrés E. , Routbort Mark J. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E. , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Khoury Joseph D. , Thakral Beenu , Zuo Zhuang , Yin C. Cameron , Loghavi Sanam , Ok Chi Y. , Wang Sa A. , Tang Zhenya , Bannon Sarah A. , Benton Christopher B. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kantarjian Hagop , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Patel Keyur P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMyeloid neoplasms with germline DDX41 mutations have been incorporated into the 2017 WHO classification. Limited studies describing the clinicopathologic features and mutation profile are available. We searched for myeloid neoplasms with a DDX41 gene mutation tested by an 81‐gene next‐generation sequencing panel over a 7‐month period. We identified 34 patients with myeloid neoplasms with DDX41 abnormalities; 26 (76%) men and 8 women (24%) [median age, 70 years], 20 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 10 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and 3 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Fifty‐nine DDX41 variants were detected: 27 (46%) appeared somatic and 32 (54%) were presumably germline mutations. The majority of presumed germline mutations were upstream of the Helicase 2 domain (93%) and involved loss of the start codon (30%). The majority of somatic mutations were within the Helicase 2 domain (78%), with the missense mutation p.R525H being most common (67%). There was a significant difference in the location of germline or somatic mutations (P < .0001). Concomitant mutations were detected involving 19 genes, but only TP53 (n = 11, 32%), ASXL1 (n = 8, 24%), and JAK2 (n = 4, 12%) were recurrent. Twenty (59%) patients showed diploid cytogenetics. Twenty‐three (68%) patients presented with AML or MDS‐EB‐2, suggesting an association with high‐grade myeloid neoplasm. Patients with myeloid neoplasms carrying DDX41 mutations show male predominance (3:1), higher age at presentation, association with TP53 mutations, and association with high‐grade myeloid neoplasms in our cohort at a referral cancer center setting. These findings support the recognition of myeloid neoplasms with DDX41 mutation as unique, need for germline confirmation, and further assessment of family members.
Mantle cell lymphoma: 2019 update on the diagnosis, pathogenesis, prognostication, and management
Authors: Jain Preetesh , Wang Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnprecedented advances in our understanding of the pathobiology, prognostication, and therapeutic options in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have taken place in the last few years. Heterogeneity in the clinical course of MCL—indolent vs aggressive—is further delineated by a correlation with the mutational status of the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain, methylation status, and SOX‐11 expression. Cyclin‐D1 negative MCL, in situ MCL neoplasia, and impact of the karyotype on prognosis are distinguished. Apart from Ki‐67% and morphology pattern (classic vs blastoid/pleomorphic), the proliferation gene signature has helped to further refine prognostication. Studies focusing on mutational dynamics and clonal evolution on Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib) and/or Bcl2 antagonists (venetoclax) have further clarified the prognostic impact of somatic mutations in TP53, BIRC3, CDKN2A, MAP3K14, NOTCH2, NSD2, and SMARCA4 genes. In therapy, long‐term follow‐up on chemo‐immunotherapy studies has demonstrated durable remissions in some patients; however, long‐term toxicities, especially from second cancers, are a serious concern with chemotherapy. The therapeutic options in MCL are constantly evolving, with dramatic responses from nonchemotherapeutic agents (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and venetoclax). Chimeric antigen receptor therapy and combinations of nonchemotherapeutic agents are actively being studied and our focus is shifting toward making the treatment of MCL chemotherapy‐free. Still, MCL remains incurable. The following aspects of MCL continue to pose a challenge: disease transformation, role of the cytokine‐microenvironmental milieu, incorporation of positron emission tomography‐computerized tomography imaging, minimal residual disease in the prognosis, circulating tumor DNA testing for clonal evolution, predicting resistance to BTK inhibitors, and optimal management of patients who progress on BTK/Bcl2 inhibitors. Next‐generation clinical trials should incorporate nonchemotherapeutic agents and personalize the treatment based upon the genomic profile of individual patient. Recent advances in the field of MCL are reviewed.
Genetic resiliency and the Black Death: No apparent loss of mitogenomic diversity due to the Black Death in medieval London and Denmark
Authors: Klunk Jennifer , Duggan Ana T. , Redfern Rebecca , Gamble Julia , Boldsen Jesper L. , Golding G. Brian , Walter Brittany S. , Eaton Katherine , Stangroom Julianna , Rouillard Jean‐Marie , Devault Alison , DeWitte Sharon N. , Poinar Hendrik N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn the 14th century AD, medieval Europe was severely affected by the Great European Famine as well as repeated bouts of disease, including the Black Death, causing major demographic shifts. This high volatility led to increased mobility and migration due to new labor and economic opportunities, as evidenced by documentary and stable isotope data. This study uses ancient DNA (aDNA) isolated from skeletal remains to examine whether evidence for large‐scale population movement can be gleaned from the complete mitochondrial genomes of 264 medieval individuals from England (London) and Denmark.Materials and MethodsUsing a novel library‐conserving approach to targeted capture, we recovered 264 full mitochondrial genomes from the petrous portion of the temporal bones and teeth and compared genetic diversity across the medieval period within and between English (London) and Danish populations and with contemporary populations through population pairwise ΦSTanalysis.ResultsWe find no evidence of significant differences in genetic diversity spatially or temporally in our dataset, yet there is a high degree of haplotype diversity in our medieval samples with little exact sequence sharing.DiscussionThe mitochondrial genomes of both medieval Londoners and medieval Danes suggest high mitochondrial diversity before, during and after the Black Death. While our mitochondrial genomic data lack geographically correlated signals, these data could be the result of high, continual female migration before and after the Black Death or may simply indicate a large female effective population size unaffected by the upheaval of the medieval period. Either scenario suggests a genetic resiliency in areas of northwestern medieval Europe.
Diet variability among pre‐Dogon and early Dogon populations (Mali) from stable isotopes and dental diseases
Authors: Dlamini Nonhlanhla , Sealy Judith , Mayor Anne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis article reports on diet variability in the Dogon Country (Mali) through a bio‐archeological study of pre‐Dogon and early Dogon human remains (7th century to 19th century AD) from collective burial caves in the Bandiagara Escarpment.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and twenty crania from collections curated in Leiden, Paris, and Bamako were studied for dental diseases. In a subset of teeth (n = 175), δ13C and δ15N were measured in bulk dentine samples.Resultsδ13C and δ15N values vary widely (−15.4 to −6.0‰ for δ13C, 6.0–14.8‰ for δ15N, n = 175), and indicate diets dominated by C4‐based foods with a focus on plants; animal products played a minor role. There are significant differences between the δ13C values from older (pre‐Dogon) and younger (Dogon) periods. Frequencies of caries, antemortem tooth loss, and abscesses increase significantly through time. Individuals from northern caves have more positive δ13C and δ15N values than southern ones.Discussion and ConclusionsThe temporal shifts are probably due to progressive diversification of foods, consistent with archeological evidence showing the addition of rice and vegetables to pearl millet. The geographical disparity is explained by a combination of climatic, environmental, and cultural factors. Last, intersite differences imply that different communities (or subsections thereof) disposed of their dead in different caves.Based on a large sample extending over a wider area and longer time frame than previous work, our study shows that diets in the Dogon Country were neither uniform nor continuous through time, as previously proposed. Our results attest to a complex history of settlement and foodways.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed and Copper‐Promoted Trifluoromethoxylation of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates
Authors: Yang Shaoqiang , Chen Miao , Tang Pingping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report the development of photoredox‐catalyzed and copper‐promoted trifluoromethoxylation of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates, with trifluoromethyl arylsulfonate (TFMS) as the trifluoromethoxylation reagent. This new method takes advantage of visible‐light photoredox catalysis to generate the aryl radical under mild conditions, combined with copper‐promoted selective trifluoromethoxylation. The reaction is scalable, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and proceeds regioselectively under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggested that a Cs[Cu(OCF3)2] intermediate might be generated during the reaction.
Biosynthesis of l‐4‐Chlorokynurenine, an Antidepressant Prodrug and a Non‐Proteinogenic Amino Acid Found in Lipopeptide Antibiotics
Authors: Luhavaya Hanna , Sigrist Renata , Chekan Jonathan R. , McKinnie Shaun M. K. , Moore Bradley S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstractl‐4‐Chlorokynurenine (l‐4‐Cl‐Kyn) is a neuropharmaceutical drug candidate that is in development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Recently, this amino acid was naturally found as a residue in the lipopeptide antibiotic taromycin. Herein, we report the unprecedented conversion of l‐tryptophan into l‐4‐Cl‐Kyn catalyzed by four enzymes in the taromycin biosynthetic pathway from the marine bacterium Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ‐490. We used genetic, biochemical, structural, and analytical techniques to establish l‐4‐Cl‐Kyn biosynthesis, which is initiated by the flavin‐dependent tryptophan chlorinase Tar14 and its flavin reductase partner Tar15. This work revealed the first tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (Tar13) and kynurenine formamidase (Tar16) enzymes that are selective for chlorinated substrates. The substrate scope of Tar13, Tar14, and Tar16 was examined and revealed intriguing promiscuity, thereby opening doors for the targeted engineering of these enzymes as useful biocatalysts.
Syngas‐Free Highly Regioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydroformylation of Alkynes to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Tan Guangying , Wu Yimin , Shi Yang , You Jingsong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe hydroformylation of alkynes is a fundamental and important reaction in both academic research and industry. Conventional methods focus on the conversion of alkynes, CO, and H2 into α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, but they often suffer from problems associated with operation, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity. Herein, we disclose an operationally simple, mild, and syngas‐free rhodium‐catalyzed reaction for the hydroformylation of alkynes via formyl and hydride transfer from an alkyl aldehyde. This synthetic method uses inexpensive and easy‐to‐handle n‐butyraldehyde to overcome the challenge posed by the use of syngas in traditional approaches and employs a commercially available catalyst and ligand to transform a broad range of internal alkynes, especially alkynyl‐containing complex molecules, into versatile stereodefined α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity.
Catalytic effect of rice straw‐derived chars on the decomposition of naphthalene: The influence of steam activation and solvent treatment during char preparation
Authors: Krerkkaiwan Supachita , Fukuda Suneerat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRice straw char (RSC) was prepared as the catalyst for naphthalene decomposition in this work. The effects of steam activation and solvent treatment on the catalytic naphthalene decomposition during the char preparation were investigated. Four chars were prepared: RSC, steam‐activated RSC at 500°C (SRS500), steam‐activated RSC at 800°C (SRS800), and solvent‐treated RSC (ResC). The catalytic activity of each catalyst was discussed, and the catalytic mechanisms were also proposed. The results revealed that the SRS catalysts gave a higher catalytic activity than the RSC, due to the enhancement of the surface area after steam activation. The SRS800 gave the highest naphthalene conversion and net gas yield: approximately 76.9% and 45%, respectively. However, its catalytic activity was more rapidly decreased by coke deposition than the other chars. Compared with the RSC, the ResC showed a slightly lower naphthalene conversion, but the net gas yield was slightly higher, especially that of H2 and CH4, due to the existence of K in silicate form.
Design and testing of high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites filled with lead oxide micro‐ and nano‐particles: Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed E. , El‐Khatib Ahmed M. , El‐Sharkawy Rehab M. , Rashad Amal R. , Badawi Mohamed S. , Gepreel Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis research discusses the mechanical behavior and the microstructure of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)‐based composites, manufactured using the melt‐mixing and thermal‐pressing techniques, where HDPE is mixed with various percentages of either bulk lead monoxide (bulk PbO) or PbO nanoparticles (PbO‐NPs) acting as fillers. The scanning electron microscope and the field emission transmission electron microscope were utilized to identify the morphology of polymeric composites. Both showed the proper dispersion of PbO in the HDPE matrix without substantial agglomerations. The effect of PbO on the thermal behavior of the HDPE was studied using the thermogravimetric analysis. Tensile tests were implemented to find out how the mechanical characteristics of the composites were affected. Yield stress, % elongation at break, stiffness, tensile energy (toughness), ultimate tensile strength, and ultimate tensile strain were elucidated in this work. The values of stiffness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield stress increased by increasing either the bulk PbO or PbO‐NPs' loading up to 40.0 wt % with reference to the hosting matrix. The values of ultimate tensile strain, tensile energy, and % elongation at break of the assembled composites diminished dramatically by increasing the filler's content from 10.0 to 50.0 wt %. Besides, composites with PbO‐NPs as a filler were identified as having higher mechanical characteristics than those with bulk PbO for the same wt %. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47812.
DNA Origami as Scaffolds for Self‐Assembly of Lipids and Proteins
Authors: Dong Yuanchen , Mao Youdong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince first being reported in 2006, the DNA origami approach has attracted increasing attention due to programmable shapes, structural stability, biocompatibility, and fantastic addressability. Herein, we provide an account of recent developments of DNA origami as scaffolds for templating the selfassembly of distinct biocomponents, essentially proteins and lipids, into a diverse spectrum of integrated supramolecular architectures. First, the historical development of the DNA origami concept is briefly reviewed. Next, various applications of DNA origami constructs in controllable directed assembly of soluble proteins are discussed. The manipulation and self‐assembly of lipid membranes and membrane proteins by using DNA origami as scaffolds are also addressed. Furthermore, recent progress in applying DNA origami in cryoelectron microscopy analysis is discussed. These advances collectively emphasize that the DNA origami approach is a highly versatile, fast evolving tool that may be integrated with lipids and proteins in a way that meets future challenges in molecular biology and nanomedicine.
Hydrogen and CO2 Management in the Refinery with Fuzzy Multiobjective Nonlinear Programming
Authors: Sardashti Birjandi Mohammad Reza , Shahraki Farhad , Razzaghi Kiyanoosh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn innovative approach for optimization of the hydrogen network in a refinery is presented. The optimization problem was formulated as a fuzzy‐based multiobjective nonlinear programming (FMONLP), aiming at simultaneous minimization of the total annual cost and CO2 emission. This is achieved by defining an objective function with a weighted sum of the annual cost and CO2 emission. The weighting factors are considered as fuzzy parameters which are described based on the experts' experiences. The applicability of the proposed approach is illustrated by optimization of an Iranian refinery hydrogen network.
Data‐Driven Subgrid‐Scale Modeling for Convection‐Dominated Concentration Boundary Layers
Authors: Weiner Andre , Hillenbrand Dennis , Marschall Holger , Bothe Dieter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA flexible modeling approach for the accurate approximation of convection‐dominated reactive‐species boundary layers is introduced. A substitute problem is solved numerically and analyzed by employing statistical methods. The numerical data are then used to train a machine learning model that can be used to approximate the reactive mass transfer locally if a direct resolution of the concentration boundary layer is infeasible. Compared to previous modeling approaches, the machine learning model replaces the analytical solution of a simplified substitute problem, which makes it applicable to more complicated and general settings.
Water‐Induced Breaking of the Coulombic Ordering in a Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid Metal Complex
Authors: Hiraoka Tomoaki , Ohtani Ryo , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractControl of ion arrangements in ionic liquids represents a major challenge owing to the presence of the predominant coulombic interactions between cationic and anionic ion species that forms the coulombic ordering. Here, water‐induced ion rearrangement in a room‐temperature ionic liquid (RT‐IL) metal complex, (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium)2[MnN(CN)4], is demonstrated through coordinative interactions between anions. Solidification occurred, which was associated with the formation of a “separated” structure consisting of cation columns and anionic cyanide‐bridged one‐dimensional coordination polymers. The energy diagram is in accord with the resultant RT‐IL incorporating mononuclear [MnN(CN)4]2− molecules being a kinetic phase stabilized by inter‐ion repulsions of the anionic divalent metal complex moieties. Water acts to decrease the coulombic interactions, including repulsion, giving rise to breaking of the coulombic ordering arising from coordination bond formation in the IL phase.
Dehydrogenation of Amine–Boranes Using p‐Block Compounds
Authors: Boom Devin H. A. , Jupp Andrew R. , Slootweg J. Chris 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmine–boranes have gained a lot of attention due to their potential as hydrogen storage materials and their capacity to act as precursors for transfer hydrogenation. Therefore, a lot of effort has gone into the development of suitable transition‐ and main‐group metal catalysts for the dehydrogenation of amine–boranes. During the past decade, new systems started to emerge solely based on p‐block elements that promote the dehydrogenation of amine–boranes through hydrogen‐transfer reactions, polymerization initiation, and main‐group catalysis. In this review, we highlight the development of these p‐block based systems for stoichiometric and catalytic amine–borane dehydrogenation and discuss the underlying mechanisms.