bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of bee venom and its major component, melittin, on atopic dermatitis in vivo and in vitro
Authors: An Hyun‐Jin , Kim Jung‐Yeon , Kim Woon‐Hae , Gwon Mi‐Gyeong , Gu Hye Min , Jeon Min Ji , Han Sang‐Mi , Pak Sok Cheon , Lee Chong‐Kee , Park In Sook , Park Kwan‐Kyu 
Published: September 2018

Background and PurposeAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial skin condition with complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune responses. There are several existing therapies for AD, including topical glucocorticosteroids, emollients, phototherapies, calcineurin inhibitors and immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporine A. Although these therapies reduce inflammation, they also cause serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches for AD treatment without side effects. There are several studies on natural materials or toxins, such as herbs, ginseng extract and snake venom, for AD treatment. However, treatment of AD with bee venom and its major component, melittin has rarely been studied.Experimental ApproachEffects of bee venom and melittin were studied in a model of AD in vivo induced by 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DNCB) in female Balb/c mice and in cultures of human keratinocytes, stimulated by TNF‐α/IFN‐γ. The potential pharmacological effects of bee venom and melittin on these in vivo and in vitro AD‐like skin disease models were studied.Key ResultsBee venom and melittin exhibited potent anti‐atopic activities, shown by decreased AD‐like skin lesions, induced by DNCB in mice. In vitro studies using TNF‐α/IFN‐γ‐stimulated human keratinocytes showed that bee venom and melittin inhibited the increased expression of chemokines, such as CCL17 and CCL22, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ, through the blockade of the NF‐κB and STAT signalling pathways.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results suggest that bee venom and melittin would be suitable for epicutaneous application, as topical administration is often appropriate for the treatment of AD.
Cerebral palsy trends in Australia (1995–2009): a population‐based observational study
Authors: Galea Claire , Mcintyre Sarah , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Reid Susan M , Gibson Catherine , Delacy Michael , Watson Linda , Goldsmith Shona , Badawi Nadia , Blair Eve ,   the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register Group
Published: September 2018

AimTo investigate trends in birth prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) overall and by gestational age, and examine the distribution of motor type, spastic topography, and severity using Australian CP Register data from 1995 to 2009.MethodPrenatal and perinatal CP data were collated from state/territory CP registers. Birth prevalence estimates per 1000 live births and per 1000 neonatal survivors (NNS) were calculated in five epochs. Data from three state registers with population‐level ascertainment were used to investigate birth prevalence trends by gestational age using Poisson regression. Distribution of motor type, spastic topography, and moderate to severe disability (IQ≤50 and/or Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III–V) were evaluated within birthweight categories.ResultsBirth prevalence of CP varied across population‐level states but within each state declined significantly over time (p<0.05). Birth prevalence per 1000 neonatal survivors declined amongst children born before 28 weeks (South Australia, Victoria p<0.001) and those born at or after 37 weeks (Victoria p<0.001, Western Australia p<0.002). Across Australia the percentage of children with bilateral spastic CP declined amongst those born less than 1000g. The percentage of children with moderate to severe disability decreased (48%–34%, p<0.001).InterpretationBirth prevalence of CP declined. Encouragingly, the percentage of children with CP whose disability was moderate to severe also decreased.What this paper adds

Birth prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) differed but declined across Australian states (1995–2009).

Australian CP birth prevalence declined significantly amongst children born before 28 weeks and those born at or after 37 weeks.

The percentage of children with moderate to severe disability decreased.
Health‐related quality of life after post‐haemorrhagic hydrocephalus in children born preterm
Authors: Gigi Moran , Roth Jonathan , Eshel Rina , Constantini Shlomi , Bassan Haim 
Published: September 2018

AimTo determine the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of children born preterm (gestational age <32wks) after post‐haemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring shunt (PHH‐S), and to examine the impact of perinatal and neurological morbidity on their QoL.MethodForty infants (18 females, 22 males; aged 2y 2mo–8y 4.5mo) born preterm with PHH‐S were matched for gestational age, birthweight, and sex with infants born preterm with normal cranial ultrasonography. Pediatric QoL Inventory parent‐proxy report was administered at a mean age of 5 years 8 months.ResultsChildren with PHH‐S exhibited significantly lower mean HRQoL compared with controls in motor (36 [SD 34.9] vs 96.2 [SD 6.6]), emotional (59.8 [SD 26.7] vs 80.6 [SD 18.8]), social (55.6 [SD 29.7] vs 89.6 [SD 16.6]), and school (40.5 [SD 22.9] vs 89.7 [SD 15.2]) domains (p<0.001). Multivariate regression incorporating neonatal risk factors revealed an independent effect of parenchymal brain involvement (β=−0.6, p<0.01) and neonatal seizures (β=−0.2, p<0.02) on total HRQoL. Low HRQoL of children with PHH‐S was associated with neurodevelopmental morbidities: cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, vision and feeding problems, low cognitive, personal–social, and adaptive scores (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated an independent contribution from severe CP (β=−0.4, p<0.001) and low personal–social score (β=0.5, p<0.001).InterpretationChildren born preterm after PHH‐S exhibit significantly lower HRQoL scores compared with preterm born peers. HRQoL is associated with neonatal cerebral complications and neurodevelopmental morbidities.What this paper adds

Children born preterm, after post‐haemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring shunt, have low health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).

A low HRQoL is associated with parenchymal brain involvement and with neurological morbidity.

Severe cerebral palsy and low personal–social developmental scores have independent contributions to HRQoL.
Comparison of the regenerative effect of adipose‐derived stem cells, fibrin glue scaffold, and autologous bone graft in experimental mandibular defect in rabbit
Authors: Mehrabani Davood , Khodakaram‐Tafti Azizollah , Shaterzadeh‐Yazdi Hanieh , Zamiri Barbad , Omidi Mahsa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsOne of the main concerns for maxillofacial and orthopedic surgeons is finding a method to improve regeneration of large craniofacial bone defects. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing and regenerative effects of fibrin glue associated with adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and fibrin glue scaffold alone with autologous bone grafts in experimental mandibular defects of the rabbit.MethodsBilateral uni‐cortical osteotomies were performed in the mandible of 20 male Dutch rabbits. The animals were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. In one group, the defect on the right side was treated by fibrin glue associated withADSCs and the defect on the other side remained as the control. In another group, the defect on the right side was treated with fibrin glue and on the left side with autologous bone graft. After 28 and 56 days, five rabbits from each group were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and histopathological examinations.ResultsCoronalCTshowed a remarkable reconstruction of cortical bone in the fibrin glue associated withADSCs group at 28 and 56 days post‐surgery. Histopathologically, new cortical bony bridge formation was seen increasingly in the fibrin glue, fibrin glue associated withADSCs, and autologous bone graft groups after 28 days. Statistical analysis of the thickness of new cortical bone in the treatment versus control groups showed a significant difference between fibrin glue alone and fibrin glue associated withADSCs groups (P = 0.02). No significant difference was found between the fibrin glue associated withADSCs and the autologous bone graft groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe healing process had a significant increase in the thickness of new cortical bone when fibrin glue scaffold associated withADSCs was used.
Inequality in turbulent times: income distribution in Germany and Britain, 1900–50
Authors: Gómez León María , De Jong Herman J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing social tables, this article provides new data on inequality in Germany and Britain on an annual basis for the first half of the twentieth century. Inequality trends in these two countries tended to follow opposite patterns. The decline in inequality in Germany was interrupted during the First World War and the Nazi period, while in Britain the reversal took place between the end of the First World War and the Great Depression. Results show that the drop in inequality during the twentieth century in Europe did not follow secular trends, thus supporting the notion of inequality cycles.
NKT cells — New players in CAR cell immunotherapy?
Authors: Kriegsmann Katharina , Kriegsmann Mark , von Bergwelt‐Baildon Michael , Cremer Martin , Witzens‐Harig Mathias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLow levels of peripheral blood natural killer T (NKT) cells in cancer patients and a favorable outcome associated with a high number of tumor‐infiltrating NKT cells demonstrated in several studies indicated the important role of these immune cells in the antitumor response. With effective antitumor immunity via direct tumor lysis, cytokine modulation of effector cells and regulation of immunosuppressive cells, type I NKT cells display interesting features/properties for the rapidly developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology. Due to their restriction to the monomorphic HLA‐like molecule CD1d, but not to the polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA), NKT CAR cells show potential for enabling autologous and allogeneic/off‐the‐shelf cancer immunotherapy. Promising results were obtained in preclinical NKT CAR cell studies, but clinical trials have not yet been conducted. In this review, we summarize the biological features of NKT cells, their role in antitumor immunity and recent advances in the development of NKT CAR cells.
Seizure susceptibility and infraslow modulatory activity in the intracranial electroencephalogram
Authors: Joshi Rasesh B. , Duckrow Robert B. , Goncharova Irina I. , Gerrard Jason L. , Spencer Dennis D. , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Godwin Dwayne W. , Zaveri Hitten P. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectiveStudies of infraslow amplitude modulations (<0.15 Hz) of band power time series suggest that these envelope correlations may form a basis for distant spatial coupling in the brain. In this study, we sought to determine how infraslow relationships are affected by antiepileptic drug (AED) taper, time of day, and seizure.MethodsWe studied intracranial electroencephalographic (icEEG) data collected from 13 medically refractory adult epilepsy patients who underwent monitoring at Yale–New Haven Hospital. We estimated the magnitude‐squared coherence (MSC) at <0.15 Hz of traditional EEG frequency band power time series for all electrode contact pairs to quantify infraslow envelope correlations between them. We studied, first, hour‐long background icEEG epochs before and after AED taper to understand the effect of taper. Second, we analyzed the entire record for each patient to study the effect of time of day. Finally, for each patient, we reviewed the clinical record to find all seizures that were at least 6 hours removed from other seizures and analyzed infraslow envelope MSC before and after them.ResultsInfraslow envelope MSC increased slightly, but significantly, after AED taper, and increased on average during the night and decreased during the day. It was also increased significantly in all frequency bands up to 3 hours preseizure and 1 hour postseizure as compared to background icEEG (61 seizures studied). These changes occurred for both daytime and nighttime seizures (28 daytime, 33 nighttime). Interestingly, there was significant spatial variability to these changes, with the seizure onset area peaking at 3 hours preseizure, then showing progressive desynchronization from 3 hours preseizure to 1 hour postseizure.SignificanceInfraslow envelope analysis may be used to understand long‐term changes over the course of icEEG monitoring, provide unique insight into interictal electrophysiological changes related to ictogenesis, and contribute to the development of novel seizure forecasting algorithms.
Epilepsy‐predictive magnetic resonance imaging changes following experimental febrile status epilepticus: Are they translatable to the clinic?
Authors: Curran Megan M. , Haddad Elizabeth , Patterson Katelin P. , Choy Mankin , Dubé Celine M. , Baram Tallie Z. , Obenaus Andre 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectiveA subset of children with febrile status epilepticus (FSE) are at risk for development of temporal lobe epilepsy later in life. We sought a noninvasive predictive marker of those at risk that can be identified soon after FSE, within a clinically realistic timeframe.MethodsLongitudinal T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2WI MRI) of rat pups at several time points after experimental FSE (eFSE) was performed on a high‐field scanner followed by long‐term continuous electroencephalography. In parallel, T2WI MRI scans were performed on a 3.0‐T clinical scanner. Finally, chronic T2WI MRI signal changes were examined in rats that experienced eFSE and were imaged months later in adulthood.ResultsEpilepsy‐predicting T2 changes, previously observed at 2 hours after eFSE, persisted for at least 6 hours, enabling translation to the clinic. Repeated scans, creating MRI trajectories of T2 relaxation times following eFSE, provided improved prediction of epileptogenesis compared with a single MRI scan. Predictive signal changes centered on limbic structures, such as the basolateral and medial amygdala. T2WI MRI changes, originally described on high‐field scanners, can also be measured on clinical MRI scanners. Chronically elevated T2 relaxation times in hippocampus were observed months after eFSE in rats, as noted for post‐FSE changes in children.SignificanceEarly T2WI MRI changes after eFSE provide a strong predictive measure of epileptogenesis following eFSE, on both high‐field and clinical MRI scanners. Importantly, the extension of the acute signal changes to at least 6 hours after the FSE enables its inclusion in clinical studies. Chronic elevations of T2 relaxation times within the hippocampal formation and related structures are common to human and rodent FSE, suggesting that similar processes are involved across species.
Salvage logging in the world’s forests: Interactions between natural disturbance and logging need recognition
Authors: Leverkus Alexandro B. , Lindenmayer David B. , Thorn Simon , Gustafsson Lena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimLarge disturbances increasingly shape the world's forests. Concomitantly, increasing amounts of forest are subject to salvage logging. Understanding and managing the world's forests thus increasingly hinges upon understanding the combined effects of natural disturbance and logging disturbance, including interactions so far unnoticed. Here, we use recent advances in disturbance‐interaction theory to disentangle and describe the mechanisms through which natural disturbance (e.g., wildfire, insect outbreak or windstorm) can interact with anthropogenic disturbance (logging) to produce unanticipated effects. We also explore to what extent such interactions have been addressed in empirical research globally.InsightsFirst, many ecological responses to salvage logging likely result from interaction modifications—i.e., from non‐additive effects– between natural disturbance and logging. However, based on a systematic review encompassing 209 relevant papers, we found that interaction modifications have been largely neglected. Second, salvage logging constitutes an interaction chain because natural disturbances increase the likelihood, intensity and extent of subsequent logging disturbance due to complex socio‐ecological interactions. Both interaction modifications and interaction chains can be driven by nonlinear responses to the severity of each disturbance. We show that, whereas many of the effects of salvage logging likely arise from the multiple kinds of disturbance interactions between natural disturbance and logging, they have mostly been overlooked in research to date.ConclusionsInteractions between natural disturbance and logging imply that increasing disturbances will produce even more disturbance, and with unknown characteristics and consequences. Disentangling the pathways producing disturbance interactions is thus crucial to guide management and policy regarding naturally disturbed forests.
The self‐concept of Ukrainian doctoral students: Means–ends decoupling at the state level
Authors: Hladchenko Myroslava , Westerheijden Don F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEmploying the Twenty Statements Test and a framework of self‐motives (self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, authenticity), this paper examines the self‐concept of Ukrainian doctoral students while means–ends decoupling takes place at the state level. The latter implies that the practices of state policies are disconnected from the state’s core goal of creating public welfare. Data are taken from a survey of 125 doctoral students at one Ukrainian university and supplemented with 30 personal interviews within the sample of respondents. The findings reveal that in the Ukrainian case, means–ends decoupling at the state level causes institutional complexity, which results in means–ends decoupling at the organisational level, which in turn leads to cultural complexity. Institutional and cultural complexities experienced by doctoral students trigger them to sustain means–ends decoupling at the individual level. The main decoupling for most Ukrainian PhD students is that doctoral education neither increases their employability nor contributes to the development of science, economy or society. Means–ends decoupling at all levels results not only in a severe diversion of financial and human capital but also has a negative impact on individuals’ well‐being, hindering their personal and professional development and evoking a sense of meaninglessness, alienation and cognitive dissonance.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic titanium surfaces by anodization and surface mechanical attrition treatment
Authors: Tsai Bin‐Fang , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Ou Shih‐Fu , Wang Kuang‐Kuo , Hsu Yen‐Chi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA superhydrophobic surface of titanium was fabricated by anodization in sodium chloride solution followed by immersion in perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. The surface characteristics of the anodic film (morphology, composition, microstructure, and adhesion) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scratch testing. The anodic film was comprised of TiO2 and TiCl3 with a thickness of 50 nm. The anodized titanium surface exhibited a hierarchical structure, which consisted of a microscale horn structure with a nanoscale strip‐overlay. This structure provided superhydrophobicity (water contact angle: 151.9° and sliding angle: 3°) following the immersion process. Furthermore, coverage of the hierarchical structure on the anodized titanium surface was improved by performing surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) to grain‐refine titanium surface which was then anodized and it enhanced a slightly increased water contact angle. The thickness (200 nm) of the anodic film on the SMAT‐pretreated titanium surface was much higher than that on the titanium surface (50 nm). This resulted from a large number of grain boundaries on the surface serving as a fast diffusion path during anodization. However, the adhesion of the SMAT‐and‐anodized film was worse than that formed by anodization only. This is due to a large number of pores within the SMAT‐and‐anodized film.
Correlation of clinical and pathologic evaluation of scarring alopecia
Authors: Zampella John G. , Kwatra Shawn G. , Alhariri Jihad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating scarring and nonscarring alopecia poses a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians, with histopathology used to distinguish. The extent to which dermatologists are able to clinically classify alopecia has not been evaluated.MethodsA retrospective study of pathology reports on 458 patients was used to calculate a kappa coefficient to correlate clinical presence of scarring or nonscarring alopecia to histopathologic presence of scarring or nonscarring. A multivariate analysis was performed to assess for associations with scarring.ResultsThe kappa correlation coefficient was 0.59 (P < 0.0001), indicating moderate agreement and varied by race and sex. There were 15 times higher odds of making the clinical diagnosis of scarring alopecia (OR 14.64 95% CI [8.64–24.18]; P < 0.001), and this increased with age.ConclusionsThese results suggest that clinical exam is moderately reliable in distinguishing between scarring and nonscarring alopecia. Our results highlight the need for education and diagnostic schemata for evaluation of alopecia based on gender and in skin of color.
Effects of particle size on physiochemical and in vitro digestion properties of durum wheat bran
Authors: Junejo Shahid Ahmed , Geng Huihui , Wang Naifu , Wang Haisong , Ding Yuanyuan , Zhou Yibin , Rashid Alam 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn order to promote the potential health benefits of high fibre products, wheat bran is the main focus of the food industry. The physiochemical and in vitro digestion properties of wheat bran containing different particle size were investigated and compared against raw bran samples. Firstly, the bran sample containing superfine particles (11.63 μm) was hydrolyzed by the α‐amylase, pepsin, and pancreatin enzymes separately using a single factor and orthogonal test. Secondly, optimized hydrolysis parameters of superfine particles were employed to measure in vitro digestibility of macronutrients in raw, coarse, medium, and superfine bran particles. The maximum degree of hydrolysis obtained via α‐Amylase (concentration 10 mg mL−1, pH 6.6, and time 12.5 min) was 55.71%; pepsin (concentration 50 mg mL−1, pH 1.2, and time 9 h) was 82.10%; and pancreatin (concentration 100 mg mL−1, pH 7.0 and time 12 h) was 84.71%, respectively. The highest in vitro digestibility rate of reducing sugar, protein, fat, and soluble fibre content was observed in superfine bran samples to 33.4%, 82.55%, 91.53%, and 21.66%, respectively.
Hop bitter acids inhibit carbohydrate metabolism, enhance biogenic amine metabolism and alter L‐malic acid, glutamic acid and arginine metabolism of Lactobacillus brevis 49
Authors: Sun Zhen , Xu Jiuxiang , Ren Wenjing , Tang Wenzhu , Yu Zhimin , Li Xianzhen 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBeer contains only limited amounts of readily fermentable carbohydrates and amino acids. Beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria have to come up with metabolic strategies in order to deal with selective nutrient content. The research was performed to investigate the influence of iso‐α‐acids on the metabolism of organic acids, biogenic amines (BAs), off‐flavour compounds, carbohydrates and amino acids of Lactobacillus brevis 49. Only glyoxylic acid and ethyl formate in de man, rogosa, sharpe broth was consumed, and multiple organic acids, BAs and off‐flavour compounds were produced. By supplementing a series of concentrations of hop iso‐α‐acids, consumption of L‐malic acid, glutamic acid and arginine and generation of BAs were found benefit for bacteria to develop hop‐resistance. In the metabolism of carbohydrates, glucose was preferred over maltose and maltriose, and hops significantly inhibited the utilisation of carbohydrates. The results provide comprehensive information of metabolites of L. brevis 49 under various concentrations of hop stress.