bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition and excitation shape activity selection: effect of oscillations in a decision-making circuit
Authors: Bose Thomas , Reina Andreagiovanni , Marshall James A.R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDecision-making is a complex task and requires adaptive mechanisms that facilitate efficient behaviour. Here, we consider a neural circuit that guides the behaviour of an animal in ongoing binary choice tasks. We adopt an inhibition motif from neural network theory and propose a dynamical system characterized by nonlinear feedback, which links mechanism (the implementation of the neural circuit) and function (increasing reproductive value). A central inhibitory unit influences evidence-integrating excitatory units, which in our terms correspond to motivations competing for selection. We determine the parameter regime where the animal exhibits improved decision-making behaviour, and explain different behavioural outcomes by making the link between bifurcation analysis of the nonlinear neural circuit model and decision-making performance. We find that the animal performs best if it tunes internal parameters of the neural circuit in accordance with the underlying bifurcation structure. In particular, variation of inhibition strength and excitation-over-inhibition ratio have a crucial effect on the decision outcome, by allowing the animal to break decision deadlock and to enter an oscillatory phase that describes its internal motivational state. Our findings indicate that this oscillatory phase may improve the overall performance of the animal in an ongoing foraging task. Our results underpin the importance of an integrated functional and mechanistic study of animal activity selection.Author summaryOrganisms frequently select activities, which relate to economic, social and perceptual decision-making problems. The choices made may have substantial impact on their lives. In foraging decisions, for example, animals aim at reaching a target intake of nutrients; it is generally believed that a balanced diet improves reproductive success, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms that integrate nutritional needs within the brain. In our study, we address this coupling between physiological states and a decision-making circuit in the context of foraging decisions. We consider a model animal that has the drive to eat or drink. The motivation to select and perform one of these activities (i.e. eating or drinking), is processed in artificial neuronal units that have access to information on how hungry and thirsty the animal is at the point it makes the decision. We show that inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms in the neural circuit shape ongoing binary decisions, and we reveal under which conditions oscillating motivations may improve the overall performance of the animal. Our results indicate that inefficient or pathological decision-making may originate from suboptimal modulation of excitation and inhibition in the neurobiological network.
Different Effects of Three Types of Water on Developmental Behaviors, Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Zebrafish
Authors: Chang Cheng , Zhu Jiajin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdolescence is an important period when people need adequate nutrition for healthy growth and development, whether from food or water. Tap water, bottled water (bottled purified water, and bottled natural water) are now the three most popular drinking waters consumed by adolescents in China. However, the constituents of them differ, which may cause different long-term health effects. In order to determine which type of water is the most beneficial regarding developmental behaviors, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of juvenile zebrafish, 21 dpf (days post-fertilization) zebrafish were given these three waters separately with the same feed until 90 dpf. Results showed that zebrafish in purified water had the lowest survival rate, body weight and body length, while zebrafish in natural water and tap water had similar developmental behaviors; the highest HDL-C level and the lowest TG level were found in natural water, tap water second; and zebrafish in natural water showed the best antioxidant capacity. Thus, the best outcomes were found in natural water, which had suitable pH and proper amount of minerals, tap water also showed good performance, while purified water seemed not suitable for juvenile zebrafish.
GC content shapes mRNA decay and storage in human cells
Authors: Courel Maïté , Clément Yves , Foretek Dominika , Cruchez Olivia Vidal , Yi Zhou , Benassy Marie-Noëlle , Kress Michel , Vindry Caroline , Bénard Marianne , Bossevain Clémentine , Antoniewski Christophe , Morillon Antonin , Brest Patrick , Hubstenberger Arnaud , Crollius Hugues Roest , Standart Nancy , Weil Dominique 
Published: July 2018

SummaryControl of protein expression results from the fine tuning of mRNA synthesis, decay and translation. These processes, which are controlled by a large number of RNA-binding proteins and by localization in RNP granules such as P-bodies, appear often intimately linked although the rules of this interplay are not well understood. In this study, we combined our recent P-body transcriptome with various transcriptomes obtained following silencing of broadly acting mRNA decay and repression factors. This analysis revealed the central role of GC content in mRNA fate, in terms of P-body localization, mRNA translation and mRNA decay. It also rationalized why PBs mRNAs have a strikingly low protein yield. We report too the existence of distinct mRNA decay pathways with preference for AU-rich or GC-rich transcripts. Compared to this impact of the GC content, sequence-specific RBPs and miRNAs appeared to have only modest additional effects on their bulk targets. Altogether, these results lead to an integrated view of post-transcriptional control in human cells where most regulation at the level of translation is dedicated to AU-rich mRNAs, which have a limiting protein yield, whereas regulation at the level of 5’ decay applies to GC-rich mRNAs, whose translation is optimal.
Fusion of a functional glutaredoxin to the radical-generating subunit of ribonucleotide reductase
Authors: Grinberg Inna Rozman , Lundin Daniel , Sahlin Margareta , Crona Mikael , Berggren Gustav , Hofer Anders , Sjöberg Britt-Marie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClass I ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) consists of a catalytic subunit (NrdA) and a radical-generating subunit (NrdB) that together catalyse reduction of the four ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides.Facklamia ignavaNrdB is an unprecedented fusion protein with N-terminal add-ons of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain followed by an ATP-cone. Grx, which in general is encoded elsewhere in the genome than is the RNR operon, is a known physiological reductant of RNRs. Here we show that the fused Grx domain functions as an efficient reductant of theF. ignavaclass I RNR via the common dithiol mechanism and interestingly also via a monothiol mechanism, although less efficiently. A Grx that utilizes either or of these two reaction mechanisms has to our knowledge not been observed with a native substrate before. The ATP-cone, which is commonly found as an N-terminal domain of the catalytic subunit of RNRs, is an allosteric on/off switch that promotes dNDP reduction in presence of ATP and inhibits the enzyme activity in presence of dATP. Here we show that dATP bound to the ATP-cone ofF. ignavaNrdB promotes formation of tetramers that are unable to form enzymatically competent complexes withF. ignavaNrdA. The ATP-cone binds two molecules of dATP, but only one molecule of the activating nucleotide ATP.F. ignavaNrdB contains the recently identified radical factor Mn2III/IV. We show that NrdA from the firmicuteF. ignavacan form a catalytically competent RNR with the Mn2III/IV-containing NrdB from the flavobacteriumLeeuwenhoekiella blandensis.
A predictive epilepsy index based on probabilistic classification of interictal spike waveforms
Authors: Pfammatter Jesse A. , Bergstrom Rachel A. , Wallace Eli P. , Maganti Rama K. , Jones Mathew V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuantification of interictal spikes in EEG may provide insight on epilepsy disease burden, but manual quantification of spikes is time-consuming and subject to bias. We present a probability-based, automated method for the classification and quantification of interictal events, using EEG data from kainate- and saline-injected mice (C57BL/6J background) several weeks post-treatment. We first detected high-amplitude events, then projected event waveforms into Principal Components space and identified clusters of spike morphologies using a Gaussian Mixture Model. We calculated the odds-ratio of events from kainate-versus saline-treated mice within each cluster, converted these values to probability scores, P(kainate), and calculated an Hourly Epilepsy Index for each animal by summing the probabilities for events where the cluster P(kainate) > 0.5 and dividing the resultant sum by the record duration. This Index is predictive of whether an animal received an epileptogenic treatment (i.e., kainate), even if a seizure was never observed. We applied this method to an out-of-sample dataset to assess epileptiform spike morphologies in five kainate mice monitored for ~1 month. The magnitude of the Index increased over time in a subset of animals and revealed changes in the prevalence of epileptiform (P(kainate) > 0.5) spike morphologies. Importantly, in both data sets, animals that had electrographic seizures also had a high Index. This analysis is fast, unbiased, and provides information regarding the salience of spike morphologies for disease progression. Future refinement will allow a better understanding of the definition of interictal spikes in quantitative and unambiguous terms.
5-HAYED peptide can protect AD brain by scavenging the redundant iron ions and the catalyzed radicals
Authors: Zou Zhenyou , Shao Shengxi , Li Li , Cheng Xiaoying , Shen Qiqiong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory and cognitive decline. It is incurable currently andplaces a great burden on the caregiversof patients. Iron is rich in the brain of AD suffers. It catalyzes radicals which impairs neurons. Therefore, reducing the redundant brain iron is pressing to ease AD. To scavenge the excessive brain iron catalyzed radical, thus protect the brain and decrease the incidence of AD. We synthesized a soluble iron-pro 5-HAYED peptide. By injecting 5-HAYED to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the AD mouse, we observed that the 5-HAYED is able to decrease the brain iron and radical level, which behaving neurons protection, and can ameliorate the cognition status for AD mouse. Further, 5-HAYED can decreased the AD incidence and can reverse the AD associated anemia and inflammation without hurt kidney and liver.
Comparative analysis of drape characteristics of actually and virtually draped fabrics
Authors: Buyukaslan Evrim , Jevsnik Simona , Kalaoglu Fatma 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare real fabric drape images and virtual fabric drape images created by a commercial software. To achieve an in-depth comparison, actual and virtual drape shape properties were considered under three categories: drape area, number of nodes and shape of folds. The results of this research are expected to be useful to improve the reality and accuracy of fabric and garment.

Design/methodology/approach
Five different fabrics were selected for this study. Fabrics’ mechanical properties were tested by fabric assurance for simple testing method, while drape properties were measured by a Cusick drape meter. A commercial garment simulation was used to generate virtual fabric drapes. Real fabric drape images and virtual fabric drape images were analyzed by an image analysis software and results were used to calculate drape properties. Regression analysis was performed to compare real fabric drape and virtual fabric drape properties.

Findings
Differences between real fabric drape and virtual fabric drape were stated clearly. Simulation software was found to be insufficient to reflect drape area. However, simulations were quite successful corresponding to the number of nodes. Only one simulation had +2 nodes than its actual counterpart. This study showed that area and node shape representations of simulation software should be improved while node numbers are sufficiently represented.

Research limitations/implications
There are alternative 3D garment simulation software available to the fashion business. All these companies are working on to improve their simulation reality and accuracy. Some of them are also offering various equipment to measure the fabric properties. In this study, Optitex 3D Suite was selected as the simulation software due to several reasons as explained in this paper. However, other simulation programs might also be employed to perform virtual fabric drapes. Furthermore, in this study, the drape images of five woven fabrics were compared. The fabric selection was done according to a pre-test and consequently similar fabrics were determined to be the subject of the study. However, the more the number of the fabrics, the better the comparison and eventually the better the assessment of simulation success. Therefore, it is prospected to test more fabrics with versatile fabric properties for further studies.

Originality/value
Drape shape was observed from three perspectives: drape area, node numbers, and node shapes. Dealing the problem from these perspectives provided an in-depth comparison of real and virtual drapes. In this study, standard deviation of peak angles was used to explain node distribution that is new to the literature to the authors’ knowledge.
When a calling is living
Authors: Li Hongxia , Yang Xiugang 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The argument that work engagement enhances job performance has gained wide acceptance among practitioners and human resources management literature. There is consensus in management literature that job crafting can affect work engagement. The concept of callings from theology has been resurrected in job behavior and continues to garner growing attention from practitioners in recent years. However, few studies examine how and why living a calling influence job crafting and work engagement. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between living a calling, job crafting and work engagement for knowledgeable employees through questionnaires.

Design/methodology/approach
The part-time MBA students were asked to reflect on present jobs. In total, 390 effective questionnaires were collected from part-time MBA students of four universities in Chongqing, China for finance, administration, manufacturing, service, technology, medication, education and others. Results were analyzed using SPSS and Amos. The measurement scale is given in Appendix.

Findings
First, the author explicitly proposes and validates the direct relationship between living a calling and job crafting. Second, this study confirms that crafting challenging job demands are significant to vigor subdimension and dedication subdimension of work engagement, whereas crafting challenging job demands not significant to absorption subdimension of work engagement. Third, this study indicates that crafting hindering job demands are nonsignificant to vigor, dedication and absorption about three subdimensions of work engagement. Fourth, this study showed living a calling can enhance work engagement for employees. Fifth, this study finds three groups (eight items) of mediation effect between living a calling, job crafting and work engagement.

Practical implications
These insights may help managers to focus on living a calling and encourage beneficial job crafting behaviors in China. The sample is original and has the potential to contribute to debate on work life balance and particularly the meaning of work/careers in China.

Social implications
This study is an interesting revisit to the old workplace sociology and organizational psychology which has become somewhat neglected these days.

Originality/value
This study has provided insight in the relationships between living a calling, job crafting and work engagement.
Design, modelling and imaging of marine seismic swarm surveys
Authors: Muyzert Everhard 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTAutonomous marine vehicles instrumented with seismic sensors allow for new efficient seismic survey designs. One such design is the swarm survey, where a group, or swarm, of slow moving autonomous marine vehicles record seismic data from shots fired by a source vessel sailing around circles within the swarm. The size of the swarm is dictated by the maximum offset requirement of the survey, and it can be shaped to acquire wide‐ and full‐azimuth data. The swarm survey design equation describes the relationship between the source and receiver positions of the survey and the subsurface coverage or fold. It is used to adapt the swarm to the seismic survey requirements and to calculate survey duration time estimates as function of available equipment. It is shown that a survey conducted by a slowly moving swarm requires six times fewer shots than an equivalent seabed node survey conducted over 85.5 km2. Swarm surveys can also be adapted to efficiently conduct infill surveys and replace multi‐vessel undershoots. The efficiency of the survey can further be increased when the autonomous marine vehicles are towing short streamers with multiple receivers. Synthetic tests show that the seismic images for swarm surveys are comparable to those from streamer surveys, while little variation in image quality is found when reducing the number of autonomous marine vehicles but equipping them with a short streamer with multiple receivers.
Mini‐review: Phytoplankton‐derived polysaccharides in the marine environment and their interactions with heterotrophic bacteria
Authors: Mühlenbruch Marco , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Eigemann Falk , Voss Maren 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWithin the wealth of molecules constituting marine dissolved organic matter, carbohydrates make up the largest coherent and quantifiable fraction. Their main sources are from primary producers, which release large amounts of photosynthetic products – mainly polysaccharides – directly into the surrounding water via passive and active exudation. The organic carbon and other nutrients derived from these photosynthates enrich the ‘phycosphere’ and attract heterotrophic bacteria. The rapid uptake and remineralization of dissolved free monosaccharides by heterotrophic bacteria account for the barely detectable levels of these compounds. By contrast, dissolved combined polysaccharides can reach high concentrations, especially during phytoplankton blooms. Polysaccharides are too large to be taken up directly by heterotrophic bacteria, instead requiring hydrolytic cleavage to smaller oligo‐ or monomers by bacteria with a suitable set of exoenzymes. The release of diverse polysaccharides by various phytoplankton taxa is generally interpreted as the deposition of excess organic material. However, these molecules likely also fulfil distinct, yet not fully understood functions, as inferred from their active modulation in terms of quality and quantity when phytoplankton becomes nutrient limited or is exposed to heterotrophic bacteria. This minireview summarizes current knowledge regarding the exudation and composition of phytoplankton‐derived exopolysaccharides and acquisition of these compounds by heterotrophic bacteria.
Modeling of Effective Moisture Diffusivity in Corn Tortilla Baking
Authors: Iribe‐Salazar Rosalina , Gutiérrez‐Dorado Roberto , Ríos‐Iribe Érika , Carrazco‐Escalante Marco , Vázquez‐López Yessica , Hernández‐Calderón Óscar , Caro‐Corrales José 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this work was to model the mass transfer in corn tortilla baking using different approaches for effective diffusivity based on the Fick's law of diffusion and to evaluate the impact of the process on quality parameters. The 1st one assumes constant effective diffusivity (method of slopes by subperiods and method of successive approximations) and the 2nd one considers variable effective diffusivity (quadratic function of time and Weibull distribution). In addition, the Weibull distribution was applied to fracturability. The effective moisture diffusivity inside the tortilla during baking is not constant and the estimations generated when considering variable diffusivity with quadratic time and Weibull distribution showed better fits (both, R2 = 0.999) to the average moisture content. Quality parameter fracturability was affected by the baking process and the Weibull model adequately described (R2 = 0.996) the fracturability behavior. This work will allow an adequate estimation of the concentration profiles and histories for mass transfer operations in products that can be represented as an infinite plate. The obtained analytical solutions with variable diffusivity will help to estimate the optimal conditions of the baking process to achieve the required final moisture content for baked corn tortilla shells.Practical ApplicationThe analytical solutions of the Fick's law of diffusion for the moisture content in products that can be represented as an infinite plate, considering variable diffusivity, can be useful in studies when accurate estimations of effective diffusivity and concentration are needed.
Microbial diversity and biogeography in Arctic soils
Authors: Malard Lucie A. , Pearce David A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMicroorganisms dominate terrestrial environments in the polar regions and Arctic soils are known to harbour significant microbial diversity, far more diverse and numerous in the region than was once thought. Furthermore, the geographic distribution and structure of Arctic microbial communities remains elusive, despite their important roles in both biogeochemical cycling and in the generation and decomposition of climate active gases. Critically, Arctic soils are estimated to store over 1500 Pg of carbon and, thus, have the potential to generate positive feedback within the climate system. As the Arctic region is currently undergoing rapid change, the likelihood of faster release of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4 and N2O is increasing. Understanding the microbial communities in the region, in terms of their diversity, abundance and functional activity, is key to producing accurate models of greenhouse gas release. This review brings together existing data to determine what we know about microbial diversity and biogeography in Arctic soils.