bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetized impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on unsteady squeezing flow of nanofluid between two parallel plates with chemical reaction and Joule heating
Authors: Shankar Usha , Naduvinamani Neminath Bujjappa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPresent research article investigate the heat and mass transfer characteristics of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow between two parallel plates under the influence of viscous dissipation and first order homogeneous chemical reaction effects. The impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are accounted in the nanofluid model to disclose the salient features of heat and mass transport phenomena. The present physical problem is examined under the presence of Lorentz forces to investigate the effects of magnetic field. Further, the viscous and Joule dissipation effects are considered to describe the heat transfer process. The non‐Newtonian behaviour of Casson nanofluid is distinguished from those of Newtonian fluids by considering the well‐established rheological Casson fluid model. The two‐dimensional partial differential equations governing the unsteady squeezing flow of Casson nanofluid are coupled and highly nonlinear in nature. Thus, similarity transformations are imposed on the conservation laws to obtain the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Runge‐Kutta fourth order integration scheme with shooting method and bvp4c techniques have been used to solve the resulting nonlinear flow equations. Numerical results have been obtained and presented in the form of graphs and tables for various values of physical parameters. It is noticed from present investigation that, the concentration field is a decreasing function of thermophoresis parameter. Also, concentration profile enhances with raising Brownian motion parameter. Further, the present numerical results are compared with the analytical and semianalytical results and found to be in good agreement.
Estimation of baseflow nitrate loads by a recursive tracing source algorithm in a rainy agricultural watershed
Authors: He Shengjia , Hao Yun , Wu Jianhong , Lu Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBaseflow has become an important source of nitrate nonpoint source pollution in many intensive agricultural watersheds. Uncertainties in baseflow nutrient load separation are caused by the effects of hydrometeorological factors on both baseflow recession and baseflow nutrient load recession. These uncertainties have not been addressed well in the existing separating algorithms, which are based on simple baseflow rate–load relationships. In the present study, a recursive tracing source algorithm (RTSA) was developed based on a nonlinear reservoir algorithm and hydrometeorology‐corrected baseflow nutrient load recession parameter. This approach was used to reduce the uncertainty of baseflow nitrate load estimation caused by variations in different load recessions under varying climate conditions. RTSA validation in a typical rainy agricultural watershed yielded Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, root mean square error‐observation standard deviation ratio, and R2 values of 0.91, 0.30, and 0.91, respectively. The baseflow nitrate–nitrogen (N─NO3–) loads from 2003 to 2012 in the Changle River watershed of eastern China were estimated with the RTSA. The results indicated that baseflow nitrate export accounted for 62.0% of the mean total annual N─NO3– loads (18.0 kg/ha). The total baseflow N─NO3– export was highest in spring (3.6 kg/ha), followed by summer (3.2 kg/ha), winter (2.3 kg/ha), and autumn (2.1 kg/ha). The contribution of baseflow to total nitrate in the stream decreased in the order of winter (69.88%) >spring (66.59%) >autumn (60.36%) >summer (54.04%). The monthly baseflow N─NO3– loads and flow‐weighted concentrations greatly increased during the research period (Mann–Kendall test, Zs > 2.56, p < .01). Without proper countermeasures, baseflow nitrate may represent a serious long‐term risk for water surfaces in the future.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion as a side effect of chemotherapy for testicular cancer: A case report
Authors: Maeda Koki , Kageyama Susumu , Osafune Takashi , Masuda Yoshikata , Nakagawa Shota , Miki Kenji , Esumi Shun , Kakita‐Kobayashi Maiko , Yoshida Tetsuya , Narita Mitsuhiro , Kawauchi Akihiro 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionInappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome can be a serious adverse event of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Cisplatin had to be changed to other drugs or chemotherapy completely discontinued in earlier reported cases.Case presentationThree cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy were planned for a 40‐year‐old man with a diagnosis of lymph node recurrence of testicular cancer. On day 9, he suffered from vomiting and mental disturbance. Severe hyponatremia (110 mEq/L) with low plasma osmolality led to a diagnosis of a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and infusions of hypertonic saline and salt intake were prescribed. Second and third courses of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy could then be given with careful electrolyte management.ConclusionContinuation of cisplatin administration with precise electrolyte adjustment can be a treatment option in regimens where cisplatin is essential for achieving optimal antitumor efficacy.
Development and verification of a discriminate algorithm for diagnosing post‐neurosurgical bacterial meningitis—A multicenter observational study
Authors: Zheng Guanghui , Ji Xufeng , Yu Xiaochen , Liu Min , Huang Jing , Zhang Lina , Guo Dawen , Zhang Guojun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–based routine clinical examinations for post‐neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) in multicenter post‐neurosurgical patients.MethodsThe diagnostic accuracies of routine examinations to distinguish between PNBM and post‐neurosurgical aseptic meningitis (PNAM) were evaluated by determining the values of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve in a retrospective analysis of post‐neurosurgical patients in four centers.ResultsAn algorithm was constructed using the logistic analysis as a classical method to maximize the capacity for differentiating the two classes by integrating the measurements of five variables. The AUC value of this algorithm was 0.907, which was significantly higher than those of individual routine blood/CSF examinations. The predicted value from 70 PNBM patients was greater than the cutoff value, and the diagnostic accuracy rate was 75.3%. The results of 181 patients with PNAM showed that 172 patients could be correctly identified with specificity of 95.3%, while the overall correctness rate of the algorithm was 88.6%.ConclusionsRoutine biomarkers such as CSF/blood glucose ratio (C/B‐Glu), CSF lactate (C‐Lac), CSF glucose concentration (C‐Glu), CSF leukocyte count (C‐Leu), and blood glucose concentration (B‐Glu) can be used for auxiliary diagnosis of PNBM. The multicenter retrospective research revealed that the combination of the five abovementioned biomarkers can effectively improve the efficacy of the PNBM diagnosis.
Upregulation of miR‐183 represses neuropathic pain through inhibiton of MAP3K4 in CCI rat models
Authors: Huang Lili , Wang Li 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany studies have verified that microRNAs contribute a lot to neuropathic pain progression. Furthermore, nerve‐related inflammatory cytokines play vital roles in neuropathic pain progression. miR‐183 has been identified to have a common relationship with multiple pathological diseases. However, the potential effects of miR‐183 in the process of neuropathic pain remain undetermined. Therefore, we performed the current study with the purpose of finding the functions of miR‐183 in neuropathic pain progression using a chronic sciatic nerve injury (CCI) rat model. We demonstrated that miR‐183 expression levels were evidently reduced in CCI rats in contrast with the control group. Overexpression of miR‐183 produced significant relief of mechanical hyperalgesia, as well as thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. Furthermore, neuropathic pain‐correlated inflammatory cytokine expression levels containing interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) were obviously inhibited by upregulation of miR‐183. Meanwhile, dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed MAP3K4 was a direct downstream gene of miR‐183. The expression levels of MAP3K4 were modulated by the increased miR‐183 negatively, which lead to the downregulation of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and COX‐2, and then reduced neuropathic pain progression, respectively. Overall, our study pointed out that miR‐183 was a part of the negative regulator which could relieve neuropathic pain by targeting MAP3K4. Thus it may provide a new clinical treatment for neuropathic pain patients clinical therapy.
Different developmental environments reveal multitrait plastic responses in South American Anostomidae fish
Authors: Bonini‐Campos Bianca , Lofeu Leandro , Brandt Renata , Kohlsdorf Tiana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractComplex phenotypes result from developmental processes integrating genetic, epigenetic, and environmental information. Although changing environments combine several signals that may induce multitrait plastic responses, literature often decodes developmental plasticity into single trait variation as a function of isolated environmental signals. To address the multivariate nature of developmental plasticity, we evaluated how different combinations of environmental signals influence the development of morphological and behavioral traits. We raised Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae) in four different developmental environments, and found that foraging position and structural complexity during development induced different morphotypes, which overlapped with behavioral patterns. Foraging position induced distinct patterns of mouth and fin positioning and overall body shape, which were accentuated by structural complexity. Moreover, fish most often chose conditions similar to their developmental environments. Combined signals during development, therefore, revealed environment‐specific phenotypic patterns associating morphology and behavior. Such results endorse the ability of developmental processes to influence the variation present in natural populations. Implications of addressing the multivariate essence of developmental plasticity transcend the evolutionary theory and inspire applications in several fields.
Reappraisal of the validity of surgery for patients with pancreatic cancer aged 80 years or older stratified by resectability status
Authors: Kondo Naru , Uemura Kenichiro , Nakagawa Naoya , Okada Kenjiro , Seo Shingo , Takahashi Shinya , Murakami Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the validity of surgical resection for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) aged ≥80 years stratified by resectability status.MethodsMedical records of 245 patients with resectable (R) and 169 with borderline resectable/unresectable (BR/UR) PDAC were reviewed retrospectively. Of the total of 414 patients, 56 (14%) were ≥80 years. The prognostic impact of age ≥80 years was analyzed with stratification by resectability status.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the incidence of major complications between patients aged ≥80 versus <80 years (12% vs. 16% respectively; P = 0.53). However, patients aged ≥80 years were significantly less likely to receive adjuvant gemcitabine + S‐1 chemotherapy than those <80 years (39% vs. 83%, respectively; P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses identified age ≥80 years as an independent risk factor for poor survival in the BR/UR group (P = 0.01), whereas it did not affect survival in the R group.ConclusionPatients aged ≥80 years had a similar prognosis to <80 years in R PDAC, whereas they had significantly worse prognosis in BR/UR PDAC. These findings suggest that surgical resection for patients with PDAC aged ≥80 years is validated in R PDAC, whereas its survival benefit might be limited in BR/UR PDAC.
Intra‐seasonal characteristics of wintertime extreme cold events over South Korea
Authors: Park Tae‐Won , Hong Jin Gi , Park Doo‐Sun R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, the characteristics of extreme cold events over South Korea in the boreal winter (November to March) are investigated in terms of month‐to‐month variations of frequency, duration, amplitude, and atmospheric circulation pattern. To explain the mechanism for these month‐to‐month variations, all extreme cold events are classified into three types based on an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method, and their linkages with large‐scale variabilities, such as the Siberian High (SH), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), are analysed. “Wave‐train” type does not tend to occur under the typical favourable conditions for the East Asian cold extremes, e.g., strong SH intensity, strong negative AO phase, and MJO phases 2–3, hence resulting in weak and short events. On the other hand, strong and long‐lasting “Ural blocking” and “subarctic blocking” types are accompanied with the aforementioned favourable large‐scale conditions. Thus, November and March with the most frequent occurrences of the wave‐train type are the months in which extreme cold events have weaker amplitude and shorter duration than other months. Compared with the wave‐train type, the Ural blocking type occur frequently in January and February, while occurrences of the subarctic blocking type are concentrated in December and January. It contributes to relatively powerful and sustained extreme cold events in mid‐winter (from December to February). In particular, extreme cold events during March have the lowest frequency, weakest amplitude, and shortest duration due to a lack of strong SH activity, strong negative AO phase, and MJO phases 2–3, but strong activities of these factors in January force the most frequent, strongest, and longest extreme cold events in the boreal winter.
Associations between national financial trends and facial plastic surgery procedural volume
Authors: Gadkaree Shekhar K. , McCarty Justin C. , Weitzman Rachel E. , Derakhshan Adeeb , Mohan Suresh , Bergmark Regan W. , Shaye David A. 
Published: October 2019

Objective(s)To characterize procedural trends in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures in relation to the United States economy.MethodsRetrospective cohort study examining annual procedure rates were determined from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) National Clearinghouse of Plastic Surgery Procedural Statistics from January 1 2007 to December 30, 2017. Procedures were compared to economic activity of the United States as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) were compared using Kolmogorov‐Smirnov goodness of fit testing and piecewise multivariate regression modeling.ResultsAnnual trends in procedural rates showed an overall decrease in the rates of rhinoplasty (284,960 to 218,924), blepharoplasty (240,660 to 209,571), and otoplasty (28,571 to 23,433) from 2007 to 2017. Total cosmetic surgery remained fairly stable, while minimally invasive cosmetic surgery increased in frequency over the study period. On piecewise regression analysis, rhinoplasty (P = .02), rhytidectomy (P = .007), invasive cosmetic surgery (P < .001) were significantly associated with GDP, whereas otoplasty (P = .98) and reconstructive surgery (P = .11) were not associated with GDP.ConclusionCosmetic plastic surgery procedures show a greater correlation to GDP than reconstructive procedures. Trends in plastic surgery cases over the last decade show a decreasing number of rhinoplasty, otoplasty, and blepharoplasty, with stabilization in the last few years. An increasing number of reconstructive cases are found.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:632–636, 2020
Pepsin and oropharyngeal pH monitoring to diagnose patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Weitzendorfer Michael , Antoniou Stavros A. , Schredl Philipp , Witzel Kai , Weitzendorfer Isabella C. , Majerus Alexandra , Emmanuel Klaus , Koch Oliver O. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of salivary pepsin with oropharyngeal pH monitoring using the Restech measurement system (Dx‐pH) for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsSeventy patients with primary symptoms related to LPR underwent gastroscopy, high‐resolution manometry, pH throughout 24‐hour monitoring (MII‐pH), and barium esophagography between October 2015 and May 2018. In addition, an ear, nose, and throat examination was performed, including assessment of Belafsky Reflux Finding Score (RFS). Clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Belafsky Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI). Simultaneous to MII‐pH, pepsin determination and Dx‐pH were performed.ResultsOf 70 patients, 41 (58.6%) subjects with a pathological DeMeester score showed higher mean values of pepsin (mean value: 216 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 172 to 260), compared to patients with a normal DeMeester score (mean value: 161 ng/mL, 95% CI: 115 to 207). Salivary pepsin showed a specificity of 86.2% and sensitivity of 41.5% for diagnosing LPR using the optimal cutoff value of 216 ng/mL. Furthermore, a significant correlation between the values of salivary pepsin and the RSI score was seen in patients with pathological results in MII‐pH (r = 0.344; P = 0.046).However, elevated Dx‐pH measurements showed no significant correlation with either MII‐pH, RSI score, RFS score, or GIQLI score, or with the results of pepsin measurement.ConclusionPepsin measurement in saliva could be an alternative tool to assist office‐based diagnosis of LPR, whereas Dx‐pH does not seem to be an adequate test.Level of Evidence2B Laryngoscope, 130:1780–1786, 2020
Auricular acupuncture for adult tonsillectomy
Authors: Shah Anil N. , Moore Chad B. , Brigger Matthew T. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesAdult tonsillectomy causes significant postoperative pain that can last over 14 days, but narcotic regimens only provide a modest reduction in pain. Auricular acupuncture has been demonstrated to improve pain with minimal complications. This study compared acupuncture versus control for pain, opioid consumption, nausea, and return of diet and activity following tonsillectomy.MethodsA prospective, single‐blinded randomized controlled trial was performed on 134 adults undergoing tonsillectomy at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Each patient was randomized to receive either auricular (Battlefield protocol) acupuncture with auricular bandages or bandages alone while under general anesthesia. Subjects journaled daily postoperative pain, diet, activity, and opioid consumption, then returned to the clinic on postoperative day 14 for a final questionnaire and evaluation.ResultsNinety‐nine patients completed the study with 50 patients in the acupuncture group and 49 patients in the control group. Pain scores for the acupuncture group following tonsillectomy were significantly lower than the control group on the day of surgery (2.9, 4.3; P = .01), but there was no statistically significant difference in pain thereafter. There was an equivalent level of postoperative narcotic usage, nausea, emesis, functional activity and diet between the two groups. The main complication following tonsillectomy was secondary hemorrhage and there was no significant difference between the two groups (20%, 10%; P = .13).ConclusionAuricular acupuncture provides increased pain relief on the day of surgery, an effect that seems to diminish after 24 hours.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 130: 1907–1912, 2020
Customization of reciprocal mass matrices via log‐det heuristic
Authors: Tkachuk Anton 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCustomization of finite elements for low‐dispersion error through grid dispersion analysis requires a symbolic expansion of a determinant of a representative dynamic stiffness matrix. Such an expansion turns out to be a bottleneck for many practical cases with the size of the representative matrix greater than eight or ten even if the modern computer algebra systems are applied. In this contribution, we propose an alternative approach for low‐dispersion customization that avoids explicit determinant expansion. This approach reduces the customization problem to a series of quadratic programming problems and consist of two main steps. First, the customization problem is reformulated as a rank minimization problem for the representative dynamic stiffness matrix evaluated at several discrete pairs of wavenumbers and frequencies. Second, the rank minimization problem is solved approximately via log‐det heuristic. Examples for customization of reciprocal mass matrices illustrate capabilities of the proposed approach.
An artificial compressibility ensemble algorithm for a stochastic Stokes‐Darcy model with random hydraulic conductivity and interface conditions
Authors: He Xiaoming , Jiang Nan , Qiu Changxin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWe propose and analyze an efficient ensemble algorithm with artificial compressibility (AC) for fast decoupled computation of multiple realizations of the stochastic Stokes‐Darcy model with random hydraulic conductivity (including the one in the interface conditions), source terms, and initial conditions. The solutions are found by solving three smaller decoupled subproblems with two common time‐independent coefficient matrices for all realizations, which significantly improves the efficiency for both assembling and solving the matrix systems. The fully coupled Stokes‐Darcy system can be first decoupled into two smaller subphysics problems by the idea of the partitioned time stepping, which reduces the size of the linear systems and allows parallel computing for each subphysics problem. The AC further decouples the velocity and pressure which further reduces storage requirements and improves computational efficiency. We prove the long time stability and the convergence for this new ensemble method. Three numerical examples are presented to support the theoretical results and illustrate the features of the algorithm, including the convergence, stability, efficiency, and applicability.
Output‐based mesh optimization for hybridized and embedded discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Fidkowski Krzysztof J. , Chen Guodong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a method for optimizing computational meshes for the prediction of scalar outputs when using hybridized and embedded discontinuous Galerkin (HDG/EDG) discretizations. Hybridization offers memory and computational time advantages compared to the standard discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method through a decoupling of elemental degrees of freedom and the introduction of face degrees of freedom that become the only globally coupled unknowns. However, the additional equations of weak flux continuity on each interior face introduce new residuals that augment output error estimates and complicate existing element‐centric mesh optimization methods. This work presents techniques for converting face‐based error estimates to elements and sampling their reduction with refinement in order to determine element‐specific anisotropic convergence rate tensors. The error sampling uses fine‐space adjoint projections and does not require additional solves on subelements. Together with a degree‐of‐freedom cost model, the error models drive metric‐based unstructured mesh optimization. Adaptive results for inviscid and viscous two‐dimensional flow problems demonstrate (i) improvement of EDG mesh optimality when using error models that incorporate face errors, (ii) the relative insensitivity of HDG mesh optimality to the incorporation of face errors, and (iii) degree of freedom and computational‐time benefits of hybridized methods, particularly EDG, relative to DG.