bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of the High‐Latitude Southern Hemisphere to Precessional Forcing: Implications for Pleistocene Ocean Circulation
Authors: Rutberg R. L. , Broccoli A. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe cycling of climate into and out of glacial states in response to orbital forcing illustrates the important role of feedbacks in the Earth system. In this contribution, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled ocean‐atmosphere model is used to qualitatively assess how changes in the Earth's precessional parameters may have impacted Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation and Southern Ocean dynamics. The Southern Ocean region responds to precessional forcing similar to that of the Last Glacial Maximum with a slight shift in maximum average annual wind stress, a reduction in austral winter wind stress, and an increase in austral winter sea ice. During austral summer, stratification and wind stress increase, Changes in the temperature and density of the North Atlantic lead to a decrease in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Together these changes contribute to aging of the global deep ocean, except around Antarctica where enhanced local convection decreases the age of upwelling waters. These circulation changes may have implications for a precessionally driven feedback that contributes to enhanced storage of CO2 in the deep ocean and a reduction in atmospheric CO2.
Earthquake Hydrogeology
Authors: Ingebritsen S. E. , Manga Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydrologic responses to earthquakes such as streamflow increases, water‐level changes, and changes in geyser eruption frequency often reflect changes in permeability caused by seismic waves. The dynamic nature of permeability, as revealed by coseismic hydrologic phenomena, holds implications for groundwater systems, geothermal resources, mineral resources, and geologic hazards. Analysis of water‐level responses to solid Earth tides and changes in atmospheric pressure provides a passive way to continuously monitor changes in permeability and storage properties in tectonically active regions.
Plasmonic metasurfaces with 42.3% transmission efficiency in the visible
Authors: Zhang Jihua , ElKabbash Mohamed , Wei Ran , Singh Subhash C. , Lam Billy , Guo Chunlei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces are two-dimensional nanoantenna arrays that can control the propagation of light at will. In particular, plasmonic metasurfaces feature ultrathin thicknesses, ease of fabrication, field confinement beyond the diffraction limit, superior nonlinear properties, and ultrafast performances. However, the technological relevance of plasmonic metasurfaces operating in the transmission mode at optical frequencies is questionable due to their limited efficiency. The state-of-the-art efficiency of geometric plasmonic metasurfaces at visible and near-infrared frequencies, for example, is ≤10%. Here, we report a multipole-interference-based transmission-type geometric plasmonic metasurface with a polarization conversion efficiency that reaches 42.3% at 744 nm, over 400% increase over the state of the art. The efficiency is augmented by breaking the scattering symmetry due to simultaneously approaching the generalized Kerker condition for two orthogonal polarizations. In addition, the design of the metasurface proposed in this study introduces an air gap between the antennas and the surrounding media that confines the field within the gap, which mitigates the crosstalk between meta-atoms and minimizes metallic absorption. The proposed metasurface is broadband, versatile, easy to fabricate, and highly tolerant to fabrication errors. We highlight the technological relevance of our plasmonic metasurface by demonstrating a transmission-type beam deflector and hologram with record efficiencies.
MIR17HG-miR-18a/19a axis, regulated by interferon regulatory factor-1, promotes gastric cancer metastasis via Wnt/β-catenin signalling
Authors: Yuan Jingsheng , Tan Lulu , Yin Zhijie , Zhu Wenzhong , Tao Kaixiong , Wang Guobing , Shi Wenjia , Gao Jinbo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMIR17HG, located on chromosome 13, is a class of Pri-miRNAs that generates six miRNAs: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b-1 and miR-92-1. These miRNAs are ubiquitously overexpressed in diverse tumour types and exhibit complex biological links to tumour metastasis. We demonstrated that MIR17HG-derived miR-18a and miR-19a coordinately mediate gastric cancer cell metastasis by directly inhibiting SMAD2 expression and upregulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Based on previous studies, we hypothesised that an investigation of MIR17HG inhibition would be beneficial to clinical gastric cancer treatment, and systematically coupled bioinformatics analyses brought interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) to our attention. We then established stable clones in gastric cancer cells containing a doxycycline-inducible IRF-1 expression system and found that the expression of IRF-1 downregulates the embedded miRNAs of MIR17HG in gastric cancer cells and inhibits gastric cancer cell metastasis by attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Further rescue assays confirmed the crucial roles of miR-18a and miR-19a in the IRF-1-mediated inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. We also demonstrated that IRF-1 binds to the transcriptional site in the MIR17HG promoter and inhibits MIR17HG expression. Moreover, IFN-γ induced the IRF-1-mediated downregulation of MIR17HG in gastric cancer cells. Our hypothesis was supported by the results of immunohistochemistry analyses of clinical gastric cancer samples, and we also demonstrated the role of IRF-1 in inhibiting MIR17HG expression and tumour metastasis in vivo. We conclude that IRF-1 inhibits gastric cancer metastasis by downregulating MIR17HG-miR-18a/miR-19a axis expression and attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
Sonodynamic therapy inhibits palmitate-induced beta cell dysfunction via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy
Authors: Guo Tian , Liu Tianyang , Sun Yun , Liu Xianna , Xiong Rongguo , Li He , Li Zhitao , Zhang Zhiguo , Tian Zhen , Tian Ye 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the overload of glucose and lipids can promote oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and contribute to the failure of beta cells. However, therapies that can modulate the function of beta cells and thus prevent their failure have not been well explored. In this study, beta cell injury model was established with palmitic acid (PA) to simulate the lipotoxicity (high-fat diet) found in T2DM. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a novel physicochemical treatment, was applied to treat injured beta cells. We found that SDT had specific effects on mitochondria and induced transient large amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in beta cells. SDT also improved the morphology and function of abnormal mitochondria, inhibited inflammatory response and reduced beta cell dysfunction. The improvement of mitochondria was mediated by PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Additionally, SDT rescued the transcription of PINK1 mRNA which was blocked by PA treatment, thus providing abundant PINK1 for mitophagy. Moreover, SDT also increased insulin secretion from beta cells. The protective effects of SDT were abrogated when mitophagy was inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA). In summary, SDT potently inhibits lipotoxicity-induced beta cell failure via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, providing theoretical guidance for T2DM treatment in aspects of islet protection.
Exploiting interconnected synthetic lethal interactions between PARP inhibition and cancer cell reversible senescence
Authors: Fleury Hubert , Malaquin Nicolas , Tu Véronique , Gilbert Sophie , Martinez Aurélie , Olivier Marc-Alexandre , Sauriol Skye Alexandre , Communal Laudine , Leclerc-Desaulniers Kim , Carmona Euridice , Provencher Diane , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Rodier Francis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSenescence is a tumor suppression mechanism defined by stable proliferation arrest. Here we demonstrate that the known synthetic lethal interaction between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors (PARPi) and DNA repair triggers p53-independent ovarian cancer cell senescence defined by senescence-associated phenotypic hallmarks including DNA-SCARS, inflammatory secretome, Bcl-XL-mediated apoptosis resistance, and proliferation restriction via Chk2 and p21 (CDKN1A). The concept of senescence as irreversible remains controversial and here we show that PARPi-senescent cells re-initiate proliferation upon drug withdrawal, potentially explaining the requirement for sustained PARPi therapy in the clinic. Importantly, PARPi-induced senescence renders ovarian and breast cancer cells transiently susceptible to second-phase synthetic lethal approaches targeting the senescence state using senolytic drugs. The combination of PARPi and a senolytic is effective in preclinical models of ovarian and breast cancer suggesting that coupling these synthetic lethalities provides a rational approach to their clinical use and may together be more effective in limiting resistance.
Corrosion of metallic materials fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Kong Decheng , Dong Chaofang , Ni Xiaoqing , Li Xiaogang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing is an emerging technology that challenges traditional manufacturing methods. However, the corrosion behaviour of additively manufactured parts must be considered if additive techniques are to find widespread application. In this paper, we review relationships between the unique microstructures and the corresponding corrosion behaviour of several metallic alloys fabricated by selective laser melting, one of the most popular powder-bed additive technologies for metals and alloys. Common issues related to corrosion in selective laser melted parts, such as pores, molten pool boundaries, surface roughness and anisotropy, are discussed. Widely printed alloys, including Ti-based, Al-based and Fe-based alloys, are selected to illustrate these relationships, and the corrosion properties of alloys produced by selective laser melting are summarised and compared to their conventionally processed counterparts.
Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) is regulated in Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis and is involved in Adipogenesis
Authors: Lindner Angie , Marbach Felix , Tschernitz Sebastian , Ortner Christine , Berneburg Mark , Felthaus Oliver , Prantl Lukas , Kye Min Jeong , Rappl Gunter , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Schreml Stephan , Schreml Julia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLittle is known on the causes and pathogenesis of the adipose tissue disorder (familial) Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL). In a four-generation MSL-family, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 3 affected individuals and 1 obligate carrier and identified Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) as the most promising candidate gene for this family. Screening of 21 independent patients excluded CAPSL coding sequence variants as a common monogenic cause, but using immunohistochemistry we found that CAPSL was down-regulated in adipose tissue not only from the index patient but also in 10 independent sporadic MSL-patients. This suggests that CAPSL is regulated in sporadic MSL irrespective of the underlying genetic/multifactorial cause. Furthermore, we cultivated pre-adipocytes from MSL-patients and generated 3T3-L1-based Capsl knockout and overexpressing cell models showing altered autophagy, adipogenesis, lipogenesis and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression. CAPSL seems to be involved in adipocyte biology and perturbation of autophagy is a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of MSL. Downregulation of CAPSL and upregulation of UCP1 were common features in MSL fat while the known MSL genes MFN2 and LIPE did not show consistent alterations. CAPSL immunostainings could serve as first diagnostic tools in MSL clinical care with a potential to improve time to diagnosis and healthcare options.
Combined Amylin/GLP-1 pharmacotherapy to promote and sustain long-lasting weight loss
Authors: Liberini Claudia G. , Koch-Laskowski Kieran , Shaulson Evan , McGrath Lauren E. , Lipsky Rachele K. , Lhamo Rinzin , Ghidewon Misgana , Ling Tyler , Stein Lauren M. , Hayes Matthew R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA growing appreciation of the overlapping neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling energy balance has highlighted combination therapies as a promising strategy to enhance sustained weight loss. Here, we investigated whether amylin- and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based combination therapies produce greater food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects compared to monotherapies in both lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. In chow-maintained rats, systemic amylin and GLP-1 combine to reduce meal size. Furthermore, the amylin and GLP-1 analogs salmon calcitonin (sCT) and liraglutide produce synergistic-like reductions in 24 hours energy intake and body weight. The administration of sCT with liraglutide also led to a significant enhancement in cFos-activation in the dorsal-vagal-complex (DVC) compared to mono-therapy, suggesting an activation of distinct, yet overlapping neural substrates in this critical energy balance hub. In DIO animals, long-term daily administration of this combination therapy, specifically in a stepwise manner, results in reduced energy intake and greater body weight loss over time when compared to chronic mono- and combined-treated groups, without affecting GLP-1 receptor, preproglucagon or amylin-receptor gene expression in the DVC.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs expressed during sheep fetal and postnatal hair follicle development
Authors: Sulayman Ablat , Tian Kechuan , Huang Xixia , Tian Yuezhen , Xu Xinming , Fu Xuefeng , Zhao Bingru , Wu Weiwei , Wang Dan , Yasin Aynur , Tulafu Hanikezi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), >200 nt in length, are transcribed from mammalian genomes. They play important regulatory roles in various biological processes; However, the function and expression profile of lncRNAs involved in the development of hair follicles in the fetus, have been relatively under-explored area. To investigate the specific role of lncRNAs and mRNAs that regulate hair follicle development, we herein performed a comprehensive study on the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of sheep at multiple embryonic days (E65, E85, E105, and E135) and six lambs aged one week (D7) and one month (D30) using RNA-seq technology. The number of genes (471 lncRNAs and 12,812 mRNAs) differentially expressed and potential targets of differentially expressed lncRNAs were predicted. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were grouped into 10 clusters based on their expression pattern by K-means clustering. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that some differentially expressed mRNAs, such as DKK1, DSG4, FOXE1, Hoxc13, SFRP1, SFRP2, and Wnt10A overlapped with lncRNAs targets, and enriched in important hair follicle developmental pathways, including Wnt, TNF, and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, 9 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 4 differentially expressed mRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study helps enrich the Ovis lncRNA databases and provides a comprehensive lncRNA transcriptome profile of fetal and postnatal skin of sheep. Additionally, it provides a foundation for further experiments on the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of hair growth in sheep.
Association Between Toothbrushing and Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases: A population Based Survey of 4500 adults in China
Authors: Liu Wenzhao , Su Lingyu , Xie Xudong , Xiang Xuerong , Huang Jiao , Ji Ping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNon-communicable Disease (NCD) related behavioral risk factors (BRF) plays a crucial role in NCD prevention, as does oral hygiene behavior in oral health promotion. We examined the association between NCD BRF and toothbrushing using data from a population-based survey, which recruited 4485 adults aged 18+ years, in Chongqing city, China. Prevalence of five NDC BRF and their clustering within individual were determined by toothbrushing frequency. Ordinal logistic regression examined the association between toothbrushing and BRF clustering. Prevalence of current smoking, insufficient intake of vegetable and fruit, and harmful use of alcohol increased significantly with toothbrushing frequency. Respondents who brushed teeth ≥2 times daily consumed more red meat than those with less frequent toothbrushing. Relative to those with no BRF, the adjusted cumulative odds ratio of brushing teeth less frequently was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4–3.1) for respondents with 3+ BRF. The adjusted cumulative odds ratio was 1.5 (1.1–2.1) and 1.4 (1.0–1.8) for those who had two BRF and those who had one, respectively. Significant correlation between toothbrushing and NCD BRF implied that integrated intervention strategy involving the both may be beneficial in public health programs targeting at either oral health or NCDs, or both.
Central nervous system targeted autoimmunity causes regional atrophy: a 9.4T MRI study of the EAE mouse model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hamilton A. Max , Forkert Nils D. , Yang Runze , Wu Ying , Rogers James A. , Yong V. Wee , Dunn Jeff F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAtrophy has become a clinically relevant marker of progressive neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand atrophy, mouse models that feature atrophy along with other aspects of MS are needed. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS was used to determine the extent of atrophy in a model of inflammation-associated central nervous system pathology. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and atlas-based volumetric analysis were performed to measure brain regional volumes in EAE mice. EAE brains were larger at peak clinical disease (days 14–16) compared to controls, with affected regions including the cerebellum, hippocampus, and corpus callosum. Following peak clinical disease, EAE mice exhibited significant loss of volume at chronic long-term disease duration (day 66+). Atrophy was identified in both white and grey matter regions including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, corpus callosum, basal forebrain, midbrain, optic tract, and colliculus. Histological analysis of the atrophied cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus showed demyelination, and axonal/neuronal loss. We hypothesize this atrophy could be a result of inflammatory associated neurodegenerative processes, which may also be involved in MS. Using MRI and atlas-based volumetrics, EAE has the potential to be a test bed for treatments aimed at reducing progressive neurological deterioration in MS.
Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of Megalobrama terminalis in the Heilong River and a clearer phylogeny of the genus Megalobrama
Authors: Hu Xuesong , Luan Peixian , Cao Chunhua , Li Chitao , Jia Zhiying , Ge Yanlong , Shang Mei , Wang Shihui , Meng Zining , Tong Jingou , Shi Lianyu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMegalobrama terminalisdistributed in Sino-Russian Heilong-Amur River basin has decreased dramatically in the last few decades. It has been listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation as an endangered fish species. Here, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence ofM. terminalisin the Heilong River (MTH) was first determined and characterized. Additionally, we identified a population-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus in MTH which could effectively separate MTH from the six other populations of the genusMegalobramain the absence of hybridization. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses determined that the Xi RiverM. hoffmanniis located at the basal branch of the clade, and the rest of the group is divided into two assemblages, namely, one containingM. terminalisfrom Qiantang River and Jinsha River Reservoir/Longxi RiverM. Pellegrini/MTH and the other containingM. amblycephalafrom Liangzi Lake and Yi River. We clarify the intraspecies identity of MTH and construct a clearer phylogeny of the genusMegalobrama, which will contribute to the germplasm identification, protection and development of MTH in the future.
A Versatile, Portable Intravital Microscopy Platform for Studying Beta-cell Biology In Vivo
Authors: Reissaus Christopher A. , Piñeros Annie R. , Twigg Ashley N. , Orr Kara S. , Conteh Abass M. , Martinez Michelle M. , Kamocka Malgorzata M. , Day Richard N. , Tersey Sarah A. , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Dunn Kenneth W. , Linnemann Amelia K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pancreatic islet is a complex micro-organ containing numerous cell types, including endocrine, immune, and endothelial cells. The communication of these systems is lost upon isolation of the islets, and therefore the pathogenesis of diabetes can only be fully understood by studying this organized, multicellular environment in vivo. We have developed several adaptable tools to create a versatile platform to interrogate β-cell function in vivo. Specifically, we developed β-cell-selective virally-encoded fluorescent protein biosensors that can be rapidly and easily introduced into any mouse. We then coupled the use of these biosensors with intravital microscopy, a powerful tool that can be used to collect cellular and subcellular data from living tissues. Together, these approaches allowed the observation of in vivo β-cell-specific ROS dynamics using the Grx1-roGFP2 biosensor and calcium signaling using the GcAMP6s biosensor. Next, we utilized abdominal imaging windows (AIW) to extend our in vivo observations beyond single-point terminal measurements to collect longitudinal physiological and biosensor data through repeated imaging of the same mice over time. This platform represents a significant advancement in our ability to study β-cell structure and signaling in vivo, and its portability for use in virtually any mouse model will enable meaningful studies of β-cell physiology in the endogenous islet niche.
Deep Learning for the Radiographic Detection of Periodontal Bone Loss
Authors: Krois Joachim , Ekert Thomas , Meinhold Leonie , Golla Tatiana , Kharbot Basel , Wittemeier Agnes , Dörfer Christof , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe applied deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect periodontal bone loss (PBL) on panoramic dental radiographs. We synthesized a set of 2001 image segments from panoramic radiographs. Our reference test was the measured % of PBL. A deep feed-forward CNN was trained and validated via 10-times repeated group shuffling. Model architectures and hyperparameters were tuned using grid search. The final model was a seven-layer deep neural network, parameterized by a total number of 4,299,651 weights. For comparison, six dentists assessed the image segments for PBL. Averaged over 10 validation folds the mean (SD) classification accuracy of the CNN was 0.81 (0.02). Mean (SD) sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 (0.04), 0.81 (0.05), respectively. The mean (SD) accuracy of the dentists was 0.76 (0.06), but the CNN was not statistically significant superior compared to the examiners (p = 0.067/t-test). Mean sensitivity and specificity of the dentists was 0.92 (0.02) and 0.63 (0.14), respectively. A CNN trained on a limited amount of radiographic image segments showed at least similar discrimination ability as dentists for assessing PBL on panoramic radiographs. Dentists’ diagnostic efforts when using radiographs may be reduced by applying machine-learning based technologies.