bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential research priorities for understanding and treating severe paranoia (persecutory delusions): a priority-setting partnership between patients, carers, mental health staff, and researchers
Authors: Sher David Ariel , Kabir Thomas , Arbuthnott Maurice , Nettleton Suzie , Dixon Pauline , May Joanna , Barrera Alvaro , Brown Poppy , Reeve Sarah , Isham Louise , Waite Felicity , Freeman Daniel 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundA persecutory delusion (severe paranoia) occurs when a person believes that others are trying to harm them when they are not. It is often a central difficulty for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.ObjectiveThe objective is to identify potentially important research questions about severe paranoia.MethodsA priority-setting partnership exercise was conducted involving people with lived experience, carers, mental health staff, and researchers. An initial survey identified research questions, and a second survey prioritised a refined list of questions. There was a project steering group.Findings1480 responses were gathered from 146 people (56 people with lived experience, 23 family members, 78 mental health staff, and 21 researchers). Following refinement, 201 questions were rated by the steering group for priority to enter the second survey. 38 questions were rated in the second survey by 157 people (69 people with lived experience, 33 family members, 59 mental health staff, and 27 researchers). 15 questions were identified as research priorities, each endorsed to a largely similar extent across stakeholder groups. These covered a wide range of topics, including how to support family and carers, understanding the causes of paranoia, managing paranoid thoughts day-to-day, improving access to services, and developing psychological and pharmacological approaches.ConclusionsThere was a good deal of consensus in key questions—covering many aspects of understanding, treatment, and support—to be answered about severe paranoia. Most questions were considered largely equally important.Clinical implicationsNumerous questions were identified that, if addressed, might improve clinical provision for persecutory delusions.
Is a body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m2associated with an increased susceptibility to mild cognitive impairment? A cross-sectional study conducted in China
Authors: Li Wei , Sun Lin , Yue Ling , Xiao Shifu 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveInvestigating the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive decline among elderly people in the Chinese community.DesignA non-random sampling method was employed to conduct a cross-sectional, mixed methods survey among elderly individuals in the Chinese community.SettingThis research was conducted across the country, focusing on 20 distinct communities (2 rural and 18 urban) situated in the eastern, central and western parts of China.ParticipantsThe China Longitudinal Aging Study (cohort 1) and Shanghai Brain Aging study (cohort 2) were the sources of the present data. Cohort 1 consisted of 2947 individuals aged 60 and above, who were subjected to a comprehensive screening procedure encompassing a physical examination, medical background and initial evaluations of cognitive abilities through an in-person interview. Cohort 2 comprised an extra 226 older adults, including 54 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 174 normal adults, and unlike cohort 1, all of them underwent T1 phase MRI scans.Outcome measuresThe cognitive abilities, BMI and structural magnetic resonance properties of elderly individuals in the Chinese community.ResultsIn cohort 1, we discovered that having a BMI below 18.5 kg/m2posed a significant risk for MCI (p=0.005, OR=2.000, 95% CI: 1.228 to 3.255), regardless of age, gender and other significant variables. Despite this, there was no correlation between dementia and various BMIs. In cohort 2, we found that both left and right hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller in patients with MCI than in normal older adults, and there was a clear mediating effect between the right hippocampus, BMI and cognitive impairment (r=2.182, p=0.030).ConclusionsBMI below 18.5 kg/m2is associated with an increased likelihood of mild cognitive decline, which may be related to the effect of BMI on the volume of the right hippocampus.
Ecuadorian healthcare professionals’ perspectives on attributes of asthma care coordination: a qualitative study
Authors: Granadillo Emily , Romero-Sandoval Adriana , Cisneros-Caceres Maria Jose , Montalvo-Yepez Jose , Gómez-Urrego Guillermo , Barbosa Carolina , Barreto de Oliveira Ana Luiza , Pinheiro Gabriela Pimentel , Bachmann Max , Cruz Alvaro , Cooper Philip , Ferreira Rejane , Romero-Sandoval Natalia Cristina 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThis study explored the attributes of asthma care coordination from the perspective of healthcare professionals at different levels of care in Ecuador.DesignQualitative descriptive study. The Integrated Health Networks Model was the theoretical framework of reference. Narrative analysis was used to identify significant phrases from the interviews.SettingHealthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with asthma in primary care, specialists, emergency and management in three Ecuadorian cities between 2019 and 2021.Participants25 healthcare professionals participated in semistructured in-depth interviews. Convenience sampling was used.ResultsParticipants highlighted the scarce use of institutional documents for the referral of asthma patients from the first level to specialists and vice versa, duplication of tests and medical prescriptions, and lack of appointment availability that limits access to specialised care. From the first level, they considered that specialists do not return patients and specialists stressed that the first level does not have enough training to follow asthma patients. Managers highlighted the system’s inability to assign appointments on time and failures in administrative processes for follow-up. Emergency professionals did not have access to the medical records of patients suffering from asthma attacks.ConclusionsThe lack of shared objectives and effective communication between different levels of care for the follow-up of asthma patients were attributes of asthma care coordination perceived by healthcare professionals at different levels of care in Ecuador. The Ecuadorian health system should consider these to improve its performance.
‘But I have a cat, I have to talk to her now’: a qualitative study on reasons for not participating in guideline-based aphasia therapy from the perspective of patients in German-speaking countries
Authors: May Susann , Mühlensiepen Felix , Plotho Laura , Darkow Robert 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesClinical guidelines recommend high-frequency speech therapy for people with aphasia. Little is known about the experiences of people with aphasia with high-frequency speech therapy, why they do not receive it, what they expect from it and their general wishes and requirements for therapy. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the reasons for refusing high-frequency speech therapy and therapy preferences of patients with aphasia.DesignAn interview study with people with aphasia.SettingInterviewees were recruited via snowball sampling in different settings of healthcare system (eg, speech and language practices, self-help groups, clinics of neurorehabilitation).ParticipantsTwenty-one people with aphasia and one relative participated in semi-structured interviews.ResultsWe identified five categories of not using high-frequency speech therapy: patient-related factors, health system-related factors, disease-related factors, social-economic factors and organisational factors. Most reasons for non-utilisation are within the domain of the healthcare system and are partly attributable to personnel shortages in care provision and knowledge deficits among healthcare practitioners. Patient therapy preferences notably pertain to the enhancement of speech therapy services, encompassing sessions both inclusive and exclusive of family members as well as the facilitation of information dissemination.ConclusionsAs expected, there were indications of a lack of staff, poor care in rural areas and the influence of being affected by aphasia for a longer period on utilisation behaviour. These factors in the healthcare system and organisational factors are not unknown to those with practical experience, and some of them must and could be changed quickly. This would require a change from the established face-to-face setting in presence to sufficient digital therapy adjuvants. The results of patient-related factors could be a further reason to reflect on speech therapy and its settings and to view and treat people with aphasia in a more holistic, less language-focused way.
Processes and approaches to perioperative pain management in patients undergoing major lower extremity amputations secondary to vascular disease: a multi-specialty modified Delphi consensus study protocol
Authors: Ekkunagul Thanapon , MacLeod Caitlin Sara , Celnik Anna , Chalmers John , Thomson Ross , Nagy John , Forget Patrice 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPain surrounding major lower extremity amputations (MLEAs) in the vascular surgical patient can be severe, conferring significant debilitation from the preoperative stage through to the chronic rehabilitation phase. Although there is an evolving understanding of the array of existing analgesic medications and modalities, pain management in this context continues to be challenging. A previous report in the UK revealed that MLEA pain management practices may not be optimal from the perspective of patients. There are also limitations in the comprehensiveness and quality of existing evidence, and existing practices can be heterogeneous. Identifying effective pain management approaches in MLEA has thus been recognised as a key practice and research priority. Therefore, the aim of this study protocol will be to elucidate a multi-specialty view on the perceptions, processes and approaches to perioperative pain management in patients undergoing MLEAs secondary to vascular disease in the UK.Methods and analysisA modified Delphi methodology will be used to gain consensus among a UK-wide multi-specialty panel of clinical experts. At least three iterative rounds of structured anonymous electronic surveys will be circulated to a minimum cohort of 40 participants across relevant specialties. Expert agreement on pre-developed consensus statements pertaining to the approaches and techniques in MLEA pain management will be sought from the first round and quantified by a 5-point Likert scale. Quantitative and qualitative analyses will be performed to evaluate the level of agreement and participant feedback, respectively. A consensus criterion of ≥75% panellist agreement with a ≤10% between-round stability will be used for each statement. The process will be repeated with the results and implementation of feedback highlighted to panellists in each subsequent round.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not required for this study as the participants and methodology fall outwith the requirements for a National Health Service Research Ethics Committee review. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication and presented at relevant conferences.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge after immune-related adverse events: a retrospective study from VigiBase update in 2024 looking for emergent safety signals
Authors: L'Orphelin Jean-Matthieu , Da Silva Angélique , Cabon Jean , Alexandre Joachim , Dolladille Charles 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesLimited information is available on the safety of a rechallenge with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) after occurrence of an immune-related adverse event (irAE). We aim to identify potential emergent safety signals.DesignThis is an update of our observational pharmacovigilance cohort study.SettingWe exanimated individual case safety reports from the WHO database VigiBase.ParticipantsWe included all individual case safety reports with ICI and rechallenged ICI.InterventionsWe identified that incident irAE cases using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities V.26.1 related with at least one ICI administration were systematically collected until 1 March 2024.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the recurrence rate (expressed as a percentage with its 95% CI) of the initial irAE postrechallenge with the same ICI.ResultsWe identified 1016 irAEs cases from ICI rechallenges. Of these, 323 irAEs recurrences occurred (31.8%, 95% CI 28.1 to 34.0). The most common postrechallenge irAEs were nephritis (recurrence rate: 50%, 95% CI 25 to 75), skin irAEs (44%, 95% CI 31 to 58) and colitis (39%, 95% CI 33 to 44).ConclusionsIn this updated, largest cohort study on rechallenge (NCT04696250), we observed a 31.8% recurrence rate of the same irAE postrechallenge with the same ICI, building on our previous findings.Trial registration numberNCT04696250.
Effect of oral trehalose supplementation on inflammation and wound healing in patients with peri-trochanteric fractures: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Zandi Reza , Tavallaei Zavareh Alireza , Mehrvar Amir , Jowshan Mohammad-Reza , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Zahedi Hoda , Talebi Shahin 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPeri-trochanteric fractures, common among the elderly with osteoporosis, pose significant morbidity and mortality risks. These fractures are increasing due to the ageing population, with Nordic countries seeing a high incidence. They present challenges for orthopaedic surgeons and can lead to functional decline and high medical costs. Hip fractures have severe consequences, including pain, immobility and increased mortality. Managing wound care is complex, involving various healing phases. Trehalose, a disaccharide with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has shown promise in wound healing and other health conditions. Studies suggest its potential benefits in reducing inflammation and aiding wound healing in peri-trochanteric fracture patients, but more research is needed to confirm its clinical effectiveness in humans.Methods and analysisThe study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial aiming to evaluate the effect of trehalose consumption on patients with peri-trochanteric fractures. The study will include 64 patients meeting specific inclusion criteria and will assess inflammatory markers and wound healing at different time points. Patients will be divided into two groups, one receiving trehalose and the other receiving a placebo for 12 weeks. Various measurements and assessments will be conducted, including biochemical assays, wound assessments, anthropometric measurements and dietary intake evaluations. Data analysis will be performed using SPSS software, and statistical tests will be used to compare outcomes between the intervention and control groups.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1403.191).Trial registration numberIranian Registry of Clinical Trials. IRCT20180404039188N5. URL of trial registry record:https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/77572. Registration date: 7 July 2024.
Anatomical study of the innervation of the posterior elbow joint capsule: implications for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block and radiofrequency ablation procedures
Authors: Arnold Denise M J , Ho Emily S , Switzer-McIntyre Sharon , Amara Catherine , Agur Anne M R 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionUltrasound-guided peripheral nerve block and radiofrequency ablation have been developed for pain management in various joints including the hip, knee and shoulder, but not the elbow. Precise three-dimensional (3D) localization of the articular branches and landmarks visible on ultrasound are needed. The objectives of this anatomical study were to determine the presence, course, frequency, landmarks and areas innervated by the articular branches supplying the posterior elbow joint.MethodsIn 12 upper extremity specimens, articular branches to the posterior elbow joint were dissected from brachial plexus to termination. Origin, course, frequency, capsular distribution and landmarks were documented. Data were reconstructed into 3D models and a 3D frequency map to visualize spatial relationships between the articular branches, capsule and landmarks.ResultsThe superior part of the posterior capsule was innervated by the ulnar collateral nerve (92%) and lateral branch to triceps (100%). The lateral part was supplied by the nerve to anconeus (100%) and, when present, branch to extensor carpi ulnaris (58%). The medial part was supplied by the ulnar nerve through direct branches (92%) and branches to forearm flexors (100%). The medial and posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerves supplied the medial and lateral epicondylar areas, respectively (100%, 83%). Common landmarks included the epicondyles, olecranon, olecranon fossa, and margins of triceps.ConclusionsThe 3D data of the articular branches supplying the posterior elbow joint provide an anatomical basis for the development of peripheral nerve block and radiofrequency ablation protocols to treat elbow joint pain. Further anatomical and clinical studies are necessary to identify target sites and evaluate the proposed landmarks in vivo.
New results in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distributions in the nucleon
Authors: Ablat A. , Courtoy A. , Dulat S. , Guzzi M. , Hobbs T. J. , Hou T.-J. , Huston J. , Mohan K. , Lin H.-W. , Nadolsky P. , Sitiwaldi I. , Xie K. , Yan M. , Yuan C.-P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis report summarizes the latest developments in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the nucleon. The focus is on recent NNLO fits to high-precision LHC data at 8 and 13 TeV, including Drell–Yan, jet, and top-quark pair production, pursued on the way toward the release of the new generation of CTEQ-TEA general-purpose PDFs. The report also discusses advancements in statistical and numerical methods for PDF determination and uncertainty quantification, highlighting the importance of robust and replicable uncertainties for high-stakes observables. Additionally, it covers phenomenological studies related to PDF determination, such as the interplay of experimental constraints, exploration of correlations between high-x nucleon sea and low-energy parity-violating measurements, fitted charm in the nucleon, the photon PDF in the neutron, and simultaneous SMEFT-PDF analyses.
Study on the Mechanism of Chemical Mechanical Polishing for 4H-SiC Based on Photoelectro-Fenton Reaction
Authors: Ni Zifeng , Xia Menghao , Chen Guomei , Yu Jie , Lu Xueyu , Qian Shanhua , Bian Da 
Published: December 2024

In order to meet the requirements of atomic-level smoothness and non-damaging wafer surface with a high material removal rate (MRR) of silicon carbide (SiC), a new method assisted by photoelectron-Fenton reaction was studied to assist in chemical mechanical polishing. The coupling effects of ultraviolet light, electric field, and Fenton reaction in improving the slurry oxidation performance and the oxidation ability on the 4H-SiC wafer surface has been verified by measuring the oxidation-reduction potential, using probe detection methods, and conducting electrochemical experiments. Through immersion oxidation experiments, the oxidation mechanisms of SiC wafers were analyzed in depth using scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests. The results showed that the photoelectro-Fenton reaction greatly enhanced the oxidation ability of the slurry, which improved the efficiency of oxide layer generation on the wafer surface. The high MRR of 102.4 nm h−1 and the low surface roughness (Ra) of 0.57 nm can be obtained after polishing under the condition of pH = 3, and the polishing and synergistic mechanism of 4H-SiC in the photoelectron-Fenton reaction solution was proposed.
Study on Amino Acid Corrosion Inhibitors in Tungsten Chemical Mechanical Planarization
Authors: Pan Deng , Ren Gaoyuan , Zhang Jingwei , Wang Li , Wang Shudong 
Published: December 2024

Addition of corrosion inhibitor in the slurry during tungsten (W) chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process is an effective way to avoid excessive corrosion. In this work, three environmentally friendly amino acids (lysine, leucine, and glutamic acid) were chosen as corrosion inhibitor during W CMP process. A smooth wafer surface was obtained after CMP with the addition of lysine. The static etching rate of the W film decreased from 45.9 Å min−1 to 7.1 Å min−1 while an excellent wafer surface roughness (Ra = 1.267 nm) was obtained with the addition of 0.25 mmol l−1 lysine. The results indicate that increasing the amount of protonated amino acid molecules in the slurry can result in the improvement of corrosion inhibition performance as well as decrease the material removal rate. Electrochemical tests indicated that the corrosion inhibition effect can be attributed to the formation of an amino acids adsorption layer on the wafer surface, inhibiting the formation of peroxotungstic acids by the interaction between H2O2 and W film in the concave region. This work provides valuable guidance for the application of environmentally friendly amino acid corrosion inhibitor in the CMP field.
Psychometric Analysis of the Brøset Violence Checklist in Medical–Surgical Nursing Units
Authors: Spencer Cara , Varty Maureen , Bosma Grace Narelle , Wogu Adane Fekadu 
Published: December 2024

Background: Workplace violence against nurses is a pervasive problem within hospital settings. Predictive tools which could assist with identifying patients who may commit violence while hospitalized are needed in the medical surgical care areas. The Brøset violence checklist (BVC) is a six‐item checklist to assess patients and determine if the patient may become violent within the next 24 hours. The BVC has been validated in psychiatric and emergency department settings but not yet established in the medical–surgical inpatient settings. The purpose of this retrospective secondary data study was to determine validity and reliability metrics for the BVC within medical–surgical inpatient settings.Methods: This study utilized data from the electronic health record and safety reporting system from four medical–surgical settings within a large academic healthcare system to establish sensitivity and specificity of the BVC as well as establish inter‐reliability of BVC users.Findings: Of the 36,155 BVC assessments on 4437 patients included in the analysis, the BVC was a good predictor of violence. As expected, the analysis found that the BVC was more specific to accurately identifying negative cases than it was sensitive to identifying positive cases with a specificity of 98% and a sensitivity of 64% and receiver operating characteristics yielded an area under the curve of 0.8. The BVC reliability indicated a strong positive association between nurses and auditors’ scores as confirmed by Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W = 0.71, p < 0.001).Discussion: The BVC is a valid, reliable, and simple assessment tool to identify patients who may pose a risk for violence in medical–surgical units with strong inter‐reliability.Implications to Practice: Integrating the BVC into the medical–surgical clinical areas may provide a validated tool to support proactive interventions to care practices and reduce physical harm of healthcare workers.