bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Spidroin Nanogenerator‐Based Articulus Wound Dressing
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Li Shuhuan , Gao Bingbing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArticulus wound infection is a threat to human health. Existing medical materials have poor biocompatibility and may contain harmful chemicals, causing allergies and secondary infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative medical materials. Materials made of artificial spider silk proteins have been widely used in wound healing because of their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, cell adhesion and bioelectronic properties.
Heat‐Treatment and Water Immersion Effect on the Mechanical Properties and Joint Strength of 3D‐Printed Polylactic Acid Parts
Authors: Öztürk Fatih Huzeyfe , Öz Özkan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the effect of short‐time water immersion (WI) and heat‐treatment (HT) post‐processes on the mechanical properties and joint strength of printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts with various raster angles. Using these post‐processing methods to enhance the joint strength of printed PLA parts could be deemed as the novelty and the contribution of the current study. The WI and HT of the tensile test specimens and the adherends of the bonded joints were carried out at 21°C and 90°C, respectively. Depending on the raster angle, the tensile strength of the heat‐treated specimens was about 11%–43% higher than that of the untreated specimens. Interestingly, it was found that WI had a more significant effect on the strength of printed parts than HT. In the case of WI, the tensile strength was increased by about 27%–57% as compared to the untreated specimens. Joint tests revealed that HT and WI exerted a similar positive effect on the strength of the joints. The findings highlighted that short‐time WI is at least as effective as HT in increasing the tensile and joint strengths of 3D‐printed PLA parts.
Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibers From Sunflower Seed Husks via Formic Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Battalova Ainur , Akatan Kydyrmolla , Kabdrakhmanova Sana , Ibraeva Zhanar , Madiar Beisebekov , Esbol Shaimardan , Nurgamit Kantay , Dzhumanazarova Asylkan , Joshy K. S. , Thomas Sabu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNanocellulose has garnered great interest among researchers because of its biodegradability, renewability, biocompatibility, high strength and versatile functionality. The present study focuses on the development of an eco‐friendly, benign method to extract cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from waste sunflower husks (SFHs) using formic acid hydrolysis. Both CNFs and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were obtained in high yields from SFHs. The enhanced colloidal stability of CNFs was evident from the ζ potential values, which ranged from −11.8 to −19.6 mV. Varying yields of CNFs were obtained by differing reaction times, though all were found to be thermally stable. SEM and TEM were used for the morphological analysis. The removal of non‐cellulose constituents was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The enhancement of crystallinity upon treatment was examined using XRD analysis. The thermal stability of the cellulose extracted was checked via TGA. The present method of extraction of CNFs and MCC from waste SFHs using formic acid could open a new way of bulk production of nanocellulose fibers for the manufacture of green, value‐added products in high‐end fields, including electronics, agriculture and biomedicine, among others.
The Efficacy of Laughter Therapy on Psychological Symptoms in People With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Lin Guijiao , Yang Liu , Wang Yajiao , Lin Rujia , Huang Bichun , Sheng Xia , Wu Xinlei , Cao Zhiyun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveCancer patients generally have high stress levels, which often leads to depression, anxiety and other psychological problems. Laughter therapy has been used to relieve stress, depression and anxiety in cancer patients, but its efficacy is uncertain. The study aims to summarize evidence on the efficacy of laughter therapy on psychological symptoms of people with cancer.MethodsA search was conducted in 10 electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported before May 2023. This systematic review was reported based on the PRISMA 2020 statement. The evaluation of methodological quality and risk of biases were conducted by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool version 2, and evidence evaluation was conducted using the GRADE pro online assessment tool. Statistical analysis adopted the Review Manager version 5.4 software.ResultsA total of eight studies were included involving 543 participants. Meta‐analysis showed that laughter therapy plus routine nursing produced more positive effects than routine nursing in relieving stress (SMD = −1.18, 95% CI −1.73, −0.62, p < 0.0001), depression (SMD = −1.05, 95% CI −1.30, −0.81, p < 0.00001) and anxiety (SMD = −0.81, 95% CI −1.20, −0.43, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsLaughter therapy could effectively relieve stress, depression and anxiety of cancer patients. Future studies should improve the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials, conduct appropriate follow‐up, and report details of follow‐up. Additionally, it should perform multi‐center and large‐sample studies, and combine both subjective and objective outcome indications to enhance the persuasiveness of evidence supporting the effectiveness of laughter therapy.Trial Registration: PROSPERO register: CRD 42023452739
The Supportive Care Needs of Individuals Living With Advanced or Metastatic Lung Cancer Receiving Targeted or Immunotherapies
Authors: Kearns Emma , Chu Alanna K. , Nissim Rinat , Wheatley‐Price Paul , Aubry Tim , Lebel Sophie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveLung cancer is associated with the highest incidence and mortality of all cancers. New treatments, called targeted therapies (TT) and immunotherapies (IO), offer higher treatment efficacy and fewer side effects compared to traditional treatments but are accompanied by uncertainty and an unpredictable treatment course. There is a paucity of research on the experiences of individuals living with advanced or metastatic lung cancer receiving TT/IO, and even less is known about the supportive care needs of this population.MethodsTwenty four participants from across Canada participated in semi‐structured interviews regarding their supportive care needs. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify their supportive care needs.ResultsQualitative coding identified unmet needs and challenges. All participants indicated difficulties with unmet supportive care needs, including psychological, informational, and practical needs.ConclusionsThe exploration of supportive care experiences of patients receiving TT/IO exposes high distress and unmet needs. Results indicate the need for timely and accessible supportive cancer care. Results can inform patient advocacy efforts and the development of new services.
A Review on the Gas‐Phase Modeling Study of Aluminum Combustion in Various Environments
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xie Xiao , Chen Chao , Li Haijian , Yi Jianhua , Xu Yi , Sun Zhihua , Zhao Fengqi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAluminum combustion is an area of intense research due to its wide‐ranging applications in the aerospace, automotive, energy storage carrier and defense industries. Gas‐phase reaction mechanism plays an important role on the prediction of the combustion intermediates and final products, which can significantly affect the combustion heat releases and combustion organization forms. In recent years, researchers have developed some gas‐phase reaction mechanisms to predict the combustion phenomenon and behavior of aluminum in different environments. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art in gas‐phase modeling study on aluminum combustion with various oxidizers, including oxygen, steam, carbon dioxide and so on. The primary oxidation reactions of aluminum were concluded, and the rate coefficients of these reactions were also reviewed and compared in this work. Besides, the simulations by using the gas‐phase reaction mechanisms were reviewed and the main oxidation reaction pathways of aluminum with various oxidizers were analyzed based on modeling analysis results. Combining phase change reactions and surface reactions, gas‐phase reaction mechanism will become more important for prediction the combustion speed, combustion temperature and combustion mode of aluminum in future.
Selective Inhibition of hsp90 Paralogs: Uncovering the Role of Helix 1 in Grp94‐Selective Ligand Binding
Authors: Que Nanette L. S. , Seidler Paul M. , Aw Wen J. , Chiosis Gabriela , Gewirth Daniel T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGrp94 is the endoplasmic reticulum paralog of the hsp90 family of chaperones, which have been targeted for therapeutic intervention via their highly conserved ATP binding sites. The design of paralog‐selective inhibitors relies on understanding the protein structural elements that drive higher affinity in selective inhibitors. Here, we determined the structures of Grp94 and Hsp90 in complex with the Grp94‐selective inhibitor PU‐H36, and of Grp94 with the non‐selective inhibitor PU‐H71. In Grp94, PU‐H36 derives its higher affinity by utilizing Site 2, a Grp94‐specific side pocket adjoining the ATP binding cavity, but in Hsp90 PU‐H36 occupies Site 1, a side pocket that is accessible in all paralogs with which it makes lower affinity interactions. The structure of Grp94 in complex with PU‐H71 shows only Site 1 binding. While changes in the conformation of helices 4 and 5 in the N‐terminal domain occur when ligands bind to Site 1 of both Hsp90 and Grp94, large conformational shifts that also involve helix 1 are associated with the engagement of the Site 2 pocket in Grp94 only. Site 2 in Hsp90 is blocked and its helix 1 conformation is insensitive to ligand binding. To understand the role of helix 1 in ligand selectivity, we tested the binding of PU‐H36 and other Grp94‐selective ligands to chimeric Grp94/Hsp90 constructs. These studies show that helix 1 is the major determinant of selectivity for Site 2 targeted ligands and also influences the rate of ATPase activity in Hsp90 paralogs.
Optimizing Sample Size Determinations for Phase 3 Clinical Trials in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cambon Alexander C. , Travis James , Sun Liping , Idokogi Jada , Kettermann Anna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAn informed estimate of subject‐level variance is a key determinate for accurate estimation of the required sample size for clinical trials. Evaluating completed adult Type 2 diabetes studies submitted to the FDA for accuracy of the variance estimate at the planning stage provides insights to inform the sample size requirements for future studies. From the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database of new drug applications containing 14,106 subjects from 26 phase 3 randomized studies submitted to the FDA in support of drug approvals in adult type 2 diabetes studies reviewed between 2013 and 2017, we obtained estimates of subject‐level variance for the primary endpoint—change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to 6 months. In addition, we used nine additional studies to examine the impact of clinically meaningful covariates on residual standard deviation and sample size re‐estimation. Our analyses show that reduced sample sizes can be used without interfering with the validity of efficacy results for adult type 2 diabetes drug trials. This finding has implications for future research involving the adult type 2 diabetes population, including the potential to reduce recruitment period length and improve the timeliness of results. Furthermore, our findings could be utilized in the design of future endocrinology clinical trials.
Prediction Intervals for Overdispersed Poisson Data and Their Application in Medical and Pre‐Clinical Quality Control
Authors: Menssen Max , Dammann Martina , Fneish Firas , Ellenberger David , Schaarschmidt Frank 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn pre‐clinical and medical quality control, it is of interest to assess the stability of the process under monitoring or to validate a current observation using historical control data. Classically, this is done by the application of historical control limits (HCL) graphically displayed in control charts. In many applications, HCL are applied to count data, for example, the number of revertant colonies (Ames assay) or the number of relapses per multiple sclerosis patient. Count data may be overdispersed, can be heavily right‐skewed and clusters may differ in cluster size or other baseline quantities (e.g., number of petri dishes per control group or different length of monitoring times per patient). Based on the quasi‐Poisson assumption or the negative‐binomial distribution, we propose prediction intervals for overdispersed count data to be used as HCL. Variable baseline quantities are accounted for by offsets. Furthermore, we provide a bootstrap calibration algorithm that accounts for the skewed distribution and achieves equal tail probabilities. Comprehensive Monte‐Carlo simulations assessing the coverage probabilities of eight different methods for HCL calculation reveal, that the bootstrap calibrated prediction intervals control the type‐1‐error best. Heuristics traditionally used in control charts (e.g., the limits in Shewhart c‐ or u‐charts or the mean ± 2 SD) fail to control a pre‐specified coverage probability. The application of HCL is demonstrated based on data from the Ames assay and for numbers of relapses of multiple sclerosis patients. The proposed prediction intervals and the algorithm for bootstrap calibration are publicly available via the R package predint.
Investigation of physical processes in heavy rainfall events over the Western Indian region in an ensemble‐based modeling framework and comprehensive rating metrics
Authors: Vishwakarma Vijay , Pattnaik Sandeep 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to simulate the heavy rainfall event (HRE) over the Gujarat in 2022. A multiphysics ensemble modeling framework is used to elucidate the new scientific insights causing this event up to a forecast lead time of 96 hr. The ensembles comprise six schemes for planetary boundary layer, cloud microphysics, cumulus, and two land‐use and land surface parameterizations (a total of 44 experiments). Based on the comprehensive rating metrics (CRM), the top three (i.e., E6, E2, EISRO) and bottom three (i.e., EUSGS, E8, E7) ensemble models are segregated. Results indicate that among all the CRM, total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and simple daily intensity index (SDII) contribute majorly toward the ranking of a model. In general, the ensemble has superior performance compared to deterministic models. Dynamical parameters (i.e., vertically integrated moisture flux transport [VIMFT], low‐level convergence, wind, and relative vorticity at 850 hPa) in all the ensembles captured the HRE signature robustly on day 1 and day 2 compared to day 3 and day 4. However, the mixed‐parameterized model (EISRO) produced the most realistic structure, emphasizing the importance of LULC. It is revealed that, during the initial hours (up to day 2) of the HRE, dynamical processes mainly regulate the convective parameters and as the system matures thermodynamical processes are dominant with the least contribution from transient eddy processes. Further analysis demonstrated that dynamical, thermodynamical, and transient eddy processes show unique patterns regulating the moisture distribution over the region. Beside the distinct north–south alignment of localized convection, the dynamical processes are noted to have the strongest correlation with the VIMFT followed by thermodynamical and eddy processes over the impacted region.
Imaging of acute dissemination of tuberculosis caused by alveolar lavage surgery in endobronchial tuberculosis characterized by caseous necrosis
Authors: Cui Yunjie , Wang Bo , Yang Cuiping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLarge amount of caseating overlying on bronchus were detected under bronchoscopy in our case. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a major method for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). TB dissemination caused by bronchoalveolar lavage is very rare. In this case, the patient developed fever after bronchoalveolar lavage and CT confirmed acute dissemination. This might be related to caseating EBTB.
Role of public schools in education decisions in rural India
Authors: Dua Sonal , Gupta Divya , Singhal Aditi , Thomas Naveen Joseph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEducation is a fundamental pillar of human development, and India's Right to Education Act 2009 established it as a basic right for children aged 5–14. Despite this, many children in rural India still struggle to access basic schooling, which affects their ability to continue their education. In this paper, we explore factors influencing school participation and continuation of children aged 5–16 years in rural India, with a specific focus on the role of having an appropriate public school within the village after the Act's implementation. An ‘appropriate school’ is defined based on the last class a child attended. Using data from the nationally representative Annual Survey of Education Report (ASER), our analysis employs a pooled cross‐section logistical model. The findings reveal that the presence of an appropriate public school in the village significantly increases the likelihood of a child attending school. This effect is particularly pronounced for girls, highlighting the importance of accessible schooling in fulfilling the Right to Education Act's objectives.The results underscore the need for policy makers to ensure the availability of appropriate public schools at all educational levels within villages, as this is crucial for enhancing school attendance and reducing dropout rates, especially among girls.
Context and implications

Rationale of the study: To understand how inadequate and unequal access to school infrastructure, especially the absence of government schools, explains a significant proportion of children in India not completing their schooling.

Why the new findings matter: The findings strongly underscore the importance of ensuring access to a school within the village, particularly for girls.

Implications: There is a need to view school education as one composite goal to enhance participation and reduce dropout rates across all levels, aligning with the Samagra Shiksha scheme's principles of equitable access to all levels of education and inclusion of disadvantaged groups. Achieving these goals requires investment in existing school infrastructure to support expansion and resource provision for higher levels of schooling. With educational spending at approximately 3% of GDP between 2010 and 2020, much lower than the 6% recommended by the National Education Policy 2020, addressing this gap presents an opportunity to improve educational outcomes nationwide.
Characterization of Fresh, Deactivated, and Regenerated TS‐1 for Propylene Epoxidation: Investigating Surface Deactivation Species
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Ting , Bao Xiaohui , Ma Hongxi , Zhao Jigang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTitanium silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) serves as an effective catalyst for propylene epoxidation in the hydrogen peroxide propylene oxide (HPPO) process, attracting wide attention from researchers and industry. Nonetheless, the TS‐1 catalyst experienced inevitable deactivation during industrial applications, which adversely impacts its lifespan. To enhance reaction stability of catalyst, the present work conducted a systematic investigation into the deactivation reason of the TS‐1 catalyst. The fresh, deactivated, and regenerated catalysts were characterized by using various analytical techniques to compare their physicochemical properties. The surface coke species of the deactivated catalysts were extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method and subsequently analyzed using GC–MS. Additionally, the pathways for by‐product formation were simulated through Gauss software. The results indicated that the so‐called coking deposits formed during the reaction predominantly consist of propylene glycol, ethers, and oligomers. These coke species covered the partial active sites on the catalyst surface, blocked the pores of the catalyst, and accordingly led to the deactivation of the catalyst, although the crystalline structure of the catalyst hardly changed after deactivation. These results provide a theoretical basis and novel insights for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for the HPPO process.
Analysis of Accelerated Weathering Effect on Polyethylene With Varied Parameters Using a Combination of Analytical Techniques
Authors: Zhang Shuqing , Lin Ting , Zhang Chengcheng , Yang Wenzhao , Zhou Xingyu , Cable Rachel , Choi Jessica , Michaelson Elizabeth , Thakre Piyush , Serrat Cristina , Tan Yujing , Hu Jing , Meunier David , Lai Yuming , Duhaime Melissa , Chen Zhan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlastics make up a great portion of solid waste that constitutes an emerging threat to the natural environment. Among plastics, polyethylene is the most widely used in the world. In this research, polyethylene materials with different densities designed for packaging applications are the subject of a degradation study. The materials were exposed to simulated solar exposure and were characterized by a combination of analytical techniques to compare both chemical and physical changes, including attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), water contact angle measurements, Raman spectroscopy, grazing incidence X‐ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and nanoindentation tests. The experimental data were systematically analyzed using statistic methods. It was found that the extent of the increase of polar groups, hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and elastic modulus depends on both the density of polyethylene and the duration of UV aging. These changes result from photooxidation and the subsequent structure reorganization occurring in amorphous chains. The implementation of various analytical techniques and statistical analysis provides a holistic understanding of polyethylene degradation behaviors. The knowledge of increased hydrophilicity/polarity in polyethylene is crucial for understanding the fate of plastics in the environment because such polyethylene changes also facilitate the environmental biodegradation on initially non‐polar polyethylene.
An Expedient Approach for the Regioselective Synthesis of Fully Functionalized and Highly Substituted N‐Methyl‐1,4‐Dihydropyridines Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst
Authors: Katariya Ashishkumar P. , Kanagare Anant B. , Tagad Chandrakant K. , Katariya Maya V. , Kharat Arun. S. , Deshmukh Satish U. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA facile and highly efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of extensively functionalized, fully substituted N‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines. This approach is a one‐pot pseudo‐three‐constituent cyclo‐condensation of aromatic aldehydes with (E)‐N‐methyl‐1‐(methylthio)‐2‐nitroethenamine (NMSM). This reaction presumably entails the Knoevenagel reaction followed by Michael addition and regioselective N‐cyclization with removing methanethiol and producing two C─C bonds and one C─N bond. The key advantages of this strategy include an optimized reaction time, achieving moderate to excellent yields, a straightforward experimental procedure, and the use of the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate [(EMIM)Ac] as the catalyst. The resulting derivatives were well characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS.