bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially dependent atom-photon entanglement
Authors: Amini Sabegh Zahra , Amiri Rahim , Mahmoudi Mohammad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe atom-photon entanglement using the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams is studied in the closed-loop three-level V-type quantum systems. We consider two schemes with near-degenerate and non-degenerate upper levels: in the first, the effect of the quantum interference due to the spontaneous emission is taken into account and in the second, a microwave plane wave is applied to the upper levels transition. It is shown that the atom-photon entanglement in both schemes depends on the intensity profile as well as the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the applied fields so that the various spatially dependent entanglement patterns can be generated by Laguerre-Gaussian beams with different OAMs. However, due to the zero intensity,no entanglement appears in the center of the optical vortex beams. As a result, the entanglement between dressed atom and its spontaneous emissions in different points of the atomic vapor cell can be controlled by the OAM of the applied fields. Moreover, our numerical results show that the number of the local maximum degree of entanglement (DEM) peaks depends on the OAM of the applied fields. The degrees of freedom for OAM play a crucial role in spatially dependent atom-photon entanglement in such a way that it may possess broad applications in high-dimensional quantum information processing and data storage.
Reassessing Impacts of Extended Daily Exposure to Low Level Solar UV Radiation
Authors: McKenzie Richard L. , Lucas Robyn M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCurrently, health agencies recommend that no sun-protection is required when the UV Index (UVI) is less than 3. We use high-quality data from spectroradiometers and model calculations to demonstrate that this simplification is seriously flawed, particularly for mid-latitude conditions. For days when the peak UVI is below the threshold for advising protection, the daily dose of sun-burning UV available frequently far exceeds the threshold for damage to fair skin. This may have important health consequences, as populations at mid latitudes include a significant proportion with fair skin that is susceptible to damage.
DNA methylation in adolescents with anxiety disorder: a longitudinal study
Authors: Bortoluzzi Andressa , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , da Rosa Eduarda Dias , Chagas Vinicius de Saraiva , Castro Mauro Antônio Alves , Manfro Gisele Gus 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnxiety disorders (AD) typically manifest in children and adolescents and might persist into adulthood. However, there are still few data concerning epigenetic mechanisms associated with onset, persistence or remission of AD over time. We investigated a cohort of adolescents and young adults at baseline (age; 13.19 ± 2.38) and after 5 years and classified them according to the AD diagnosis and their longitudinal trajectories into 4 groups: (1) Typically Developing Comparisons (TDC; control group, n = 14); (2) Incident (AD in the second evaluation only, n = 11); (3) Persistent (AD in both evaluations, n = 14) and (4) Remittent (AD in the first evaluation only, n = 8). DNA methylation was evaluated with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip from saliva samples collected at both evaluations. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to consider biological pathways. We found decreased DNA methylation in TDC group while the chronic cases of AD presented hypermethylation in central nervous system development pathways. Moreover, we showed that this persistent group also presented hypermethylation while the other three groups were associated with hypomethylation in nervous system development pathway. Incidence and remission groups were associated with increased and decreased methylation in neuron development pathways, respectively. Larger studies are likely to detect specific genes relevant to AD.
Coupled Resonators for Sound Trapping and Absorption
Authors: Al Jahdali Rasha , Wu Ying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe leakage of sound waves in a resonance based rainbow trapping device prevents the sound wave being trapped in a specific location. In this study, we report a design of sound trapping device based on coupled Helmholtz resonators, loaded to an air waveguide, which can effectively tackle the wave leakage issue. We show that coupled resonators structure can generate dips in the transmission spectrum by an analytical model derived from Newton’s second law and numerical analysis based on finite-element method. An effective medium theory is derived, which shows that coupled resonators cause a negative effective bulk modulus near the resonance frequency and induce flat bands that give rise to the confinement of the incoming wave inside the resonators. We compute the transmission spectra and band diagram from the effective medium theory, which are consistent with the simulation results. Trapping and high absorption of sound wave energy are demonstrated with our designed device.
MAPK/ERK and JNK pathways regulate lipid synthesis and cell growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under osmotic stress, respectively
Authors: Yang Ahreum , Suh William I. , Kang Nam Kyu , Lee Bongsoo , Chang Yong Keun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicroalgae have great potential for the production of biofuels due to the ability of the organism to accumulate large quantities of storage lipids under stress conditions. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are widely recognized for their role in stress response signal transduction in eukaryotes. To assess the correlation between MAPK activation and lipid productivity,Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiwas studied under various concentrations of NaCl. The results demonstrated thatC.reinhardtiiexhibits elevated levels of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activities after undergoing osmotic stress, as well as an increase in cellular lipid content. To establish a more direct causal link between both kinases and lipid productivity,C.reinhardtiiwas subjected to biochemically induced regulation of ERK and JNK pathways. Activating the MEK-ERK pathway via C6 ceramide treatment increased ERK activation and lipid production simultaneously, while PD98059 mediated inhibition of the pathway yielded opposite results. Interestingly, suppression of the JNK pathway with SP600125 resulted in a substantial decrease in cell viability under osmotic stress. These results suggest that ERK and JNK MAP kinases have important roles in microalgal lipid accumulation and cell growth under osmotic stress, respectively.
Diminished TLR2-TLR9 mediated CD4+ T cell responses are associated with increased inflammation in intraocular tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Ravi Kumar , Sharma Jyoti , Khan Zafar K. , Pattekar Ajinkya , Gupta Vishali , Bansal Reema , Sharma Kusum , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Gupta Amod , Sachdeva Naresh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntraocular tuberculosis (IOTB) is amongst the leading causes of uveitis in tropical countries. Despite reports on involvement of proinflammatory cytokines, studies on innate immune responses in disease pathogenesis are lacking. Reports from animal models and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis indicate that defects in toll like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR9 signalling predispose them to tuberculosis. In this context, we investigated the role of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in generation of CD4+ T effector (Teff) cell responses during IOTB. Firstly, the cells in vitreous fluids showed lower expression of TLR2 and TLR9 in IOTB as compared to non-uveitis and non-TB uveitis groups. Next, peripheral CD4+ Teff cells of subjects with IOTB showed decreased proliferative responses and lower induction of Tregs following TLR2 and TLR9 stimulation. Further, TLR9 ligation resulted in increased IFN-γ and IL-17a but decreased expression of IL-10 and TGF-β. Lastly, lower expression of genes involved in TLR9 signalling after direct TLR9 ligation was observed in IOTB. Collectively, our results show that a subdued response to direct TLR2 and TLR9 stimulation in CD4+ T cells is associated with increased proinflammatory responses in IOTB. These findings reveal an important link between innate immune signalling and ensuing adaptive immune responses in IOTB with implications in other forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
How Behavior of Nontarget Species Affects Perceived Accuracy of Scat Detection Dog Surveys
Authors: DeMatteo Karen E. , Blake Linsey W. , Young Julie K. , Davenport Barbara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDetection dogs, specially trained domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), have become a valuable, noninvasive, conservation tool because they remove the dependence of attracting species to a particular location. Further, detection dogs locate samples independent of appearance, composition, or visibility allowing researchers to collect large sets of unbiased samples that can be used in complex ecological queries. One question not fully addressed is why samples from nontarget species are inadvertently collected during detection dog surveys. While a common explanation has been incomplete handler or dog training, our study aimed to explore alternative explanations. Our trials demonstrate that a scat’s genetic profile can be altered by interactions of nontarget species with target scat via urine-marking, coprophagy, and moving scats with their mouths, all pathways to contamination by nontarget species’ DNA. Because detection dogs are trained to locate odor independent of masking, the collection of samples with a mixed olfactory profile (target and nontarget) is possible. These scats will likely have characteristics of target species’ scats and are therefore only discovered faulty once genetic results indicate a nontarget species. While the collection of nontarget scats will not impact research conclusions so long as samples are DNA tested, we suggest ways to minimize their collection and associated costs.
The differences in bioaccumulation and effects between Se(IV) and Se(VI) in the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Zeng Xiangfeng , Chen Hongxing , Geng Shicong , Yan Liang , Luo Yongju , Xie Lingtian , Zhang Qianru 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelenium (Se) might be protective against oxidative stress at nutritional levels, but elevated Se concentrations in the diet has been revealed as the main culprit for the extinction of natural fish populations in Se-contaminated lakes. Though Se predominate as waterborne selenite (IV) and selenate (VI) in the water, the differences in bioaccumulation, effects (e.g., oxidative stress, antioxidants etc.) and molecular mechanisms between Se(IV) and Se(VI) have been relatively understudied in wild fish. In this study, the P. parva were exposed to waterborne Se (10, 200 and 1000 μg/L of Se(IV) or Se(VI)) and sampled at 4, 14 and 28 days. Bioaccumulation, tissue distributions of Se and following effects in different tissues were evaluated. The results showed that the levels of Se in the gills and intestine were significantly elevated with a seemingly concentration-dependent pattern in the Se(IV) treatment, with respectively 173.3% and 57.2% increase after 28 days of exposure, relative to that of Se(VI) treatment. Additionally, significant accumulation of Se was also observed in the muscle of Se(IV) treated fish. Se exposure increased the MDA levels in the brain and gills in the Se(IV) treatment, but less apparent in the Se(VI) treatment. Meanwhile, Se exposure lowered (at least 56%) the activity of GST in the gills, but increased the activity of AChE in the muscle (~69%) and brain (~50%) after 28 d. Most importantly, after 28 d of exposure, Se exposure caused significant decrease in GSH levels in the gills (at least 35%) and in all tissues examined at the highest test concentration. In general, the results showed that Se(IV) led to faster accumulation of Se than Se(VI) in P. parva, and the resulted lipid peroxidation was closely related to the levels of antioxidants, especially GSH. Our results suggest that the ecotoxicological effects of waterborne selenite and selenate differ in this freshwater species in the field.
Transgenic zebrafish model for quantification and visualization of tissue toxicity caused by alloying elements in newly developed biodegradable metal
Authors: Han Hyung-Seop , Jang Gun Hyuk , Jun Indong , Seo Hyunseon , Park Jimin , Glyn-Jones Sion , Seok Hyun-Kwang , Lee Kwan Hyi , Mantovani Diego , Kim Yu-Chan , Edwards James R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe cytotoxicity of alloying elements in newly developed biodegradable metals can be assessed through relatively low-cost and rapid in vitro studies using different cell types. However, such approaches have limitations; as such, additional investigations in small mammalian models are required that recapitulate the physiological environment. In this study, we established a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model for cytotoxicity evaluations that combines the physiological aspects of an animal model with the speed and simplicity of a cell-based assay. The model was used to assess the cytotoxicity of five common alloying elements in biodegradable implant materials. Conventional in vitro testing using heart, liver, and endothelial cell lines performed in parallel with zebrafish studies revealed statistically significant differences in toxicity (up to 100-fold), along with distinct changes in the morphology of the heart, liver, and blood vessels that were undetectable in cell cultures. These results indicate that our zebrafish model is a useful alternative to mammalian systems for accurately and rapidly evaluating the in vivo toxicity of newly developed metallic materials.
Non-synchronous rotations in massive binary systems
Authors: Putkuri C. , Gamen R. , Morrell N. I. , Simón-Díaz S. , Barbá R. H. , Ferrero G. A. , Arias J. I. , Solivella G. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Most massive stars are in binary or multiple systems. Several massive stars have been detected as double-lined spectroscopic binaries and among these, the OWN Survey has detected a non-negligible number whose components show very different spectral line broadening (i.e., projected rotational velocities). This fact raises a discussion about the contributing processes, such as angular-momentum transfer and tidal forces.
Aims. We seek to constrain the physical and evolutionary status of one of such systems, the O+O binary HD 93343.
Methods. We analyzed a series of high-resolution multiepoch optical spectra to determine the orbital parameters, projected rotational velocities, and evolutionary status of the system.
Results. HD 93343 is a binary system comprised of two O7.5 Vz stars that each have minimum masses of approximately 22 M⊙ in a wide and eccentric orbit (e = 0.398±0.004; P = 50.432±0.001 d). Both stars have very similar stellar parameters, and hence ages. As expected from the qualitative appearance of the combined spectrum of the system, however, these stars have very different projected rotational velocities (~65 and ~325 km s−1, respectively).
Conclusions. The orbits and stellar parameters obtained for both components seem to indicate that their youth and relative separation is enough to discard the effects of mass transfer and tidal friction. Thus, non-synchronization should be intrinsic to their formation.
Nächtliche Symptomkontrolle bei Patienten mit stabilem Asthma bronchiale
Authors: Guenter Konrad , Cassel Werner , Hildebrandt Olaf , Kroenig Johannes , Fischer Patrick , Weissflog Andreas , Vogelmeier Claus , Koehler Ulrich 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Wesentlicher Bestandteil der Asthmakontrolle ist die Symptomfreiheit tagsüber und nachts. Die akustische Langzeitregistrierung ermöglicht eine objektive Erfassung respiratorischer Symptome. In dieser prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie mit Pilotcharakter wurde untersucht, wie häufig nächtlich auftretende respiratorische Symptome wie Husten und Giemen bei stabil eingestellten Asthmatikern zu finden sind.
Methode Nächtlich auftretender Husten und Wheezing wurden mithilfe des LEOSound-Monitorsystems bei 40 Patienten mit stabilem Status aufgezeichnet. Die Patienten waren zum Zeitpunkt der ärztlichen Vorstellung respiratorisch beschwerdefrei, der Asthmakontrolltest (ACT) ergab einen mittleren Score von 23 Punkten. Der FEV1-Wert betrug 84 ± 15 %; der MEF 50 71 ± 27 % und der Rtot 0,48 ± 0,18. Das Alter der Patienten lag bei 35 ± 11 Jahren. Alle Patienten hatten eine antiobstruktive und/oder antiinflammatorische Therapie. Die Fragestellungen waren wie folgt: 1. Wie häufig werden nächtlicher Husten und Giemen bei Patienten mit stabilem Asthma bronchiale gefunden? 2. Unterscheiden sich Patienten mit/ohne nächtlichem/n Husten/Giemen hinsichtlich ACT und Lungenfunktion?
Ergebnisse Bei zwei Patienten konnte nächtliches Wheezing mit einer Gesamtdauer von 19 bzw. 55 Minuten nachgewiesen werden. Patient 1 hatte einen persistierenden Nikotinkonsum bei leichtgradiger Atemwegsobstruktion, Patient 2 war Nichtraucher und wies eine deutliche Bronchialobstruktion (FEV1 49 %; MEF 50 27 % und Rtot 0,52 kPas/l) auf. 26 Patienten hatten keinen Husten bzw. ausschließlich solitäre Hustenereignisse. 14 Patienten wiesen nächtliche Hustensalven mit einer Häufigkeit von 4 ± 3 (2 – 13) auf. Bezüglich der Subgruppenanalyse Husten/Nichthusten ergaben sich sowohl hinsichtlich der ACT-Scores als auch der Lungenfunktionsparameter keine relevanten Unterschiede. Die beiden Patienten mit nächtlichem Wheezing wiesen im ACT vergleichsweise niedrige Punktewerte mit 20 und 21 Punkten auf.
Diskussion Nächtliches Wheezing und Hustensalven waren bei 2 bzw. 14 der stabil eingestuften Asthmapatienten nachweisbar. Mithilfe der Langzeitregistrierung der Atem- und Atemnebengeräusche ist eine objektive Erfassung von nächtlichem Husten und Wheezing möglich.
Die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung aus klinischer
Sicht
Authors: Schumacher Fabienne , Koch Alexander 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung ist die Manifestation des metabolischen
Syndroms in der Leber. Häufig kann bereits in präadipösen Patienten eine
Verfettung der Leber festgestellt werden, die mit deutlichen Veränderungen für
den Stoffwechsel einhergeht, ohne dass sich bereits ein Diabetes oder eine
kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung manifestiert hat. Eine frühzeitige Intervention –
insbesondere im ernährungsmedizinischen Ansatz – hat hier eine herausragende
Bedeutung (
Abb. 1
).
Comparison of cap-assisted endoscopy vs. side-viewing endoscopy for examination of the major duodenal papilla: a randomized, controlled, noninferiority crossover study
Authors: Abdelhafez Mohamed , Phillip Veit , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Sturm Veronika , Elnegouly Mayada , Dollhopf Markus , Kassem Abdelmeguid , Klare Peter , Nennstiel Simon , Schmid Roland M. , von Delius Stefan , Eckel Florian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background Use of a side-viewing endoscope is currently mandatory to examine the major duodenal papilla; however, previous studies have used cap-assisted endoscopy for complete examination of the papilla. The aim of this study was to compare cap-assisted endoscopy with side-viewing endoscopy for examination of the major duodenal papilla.
Methods This was a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled, noninferiority crossover study. Patients were randomized to undergo either side-viewing endoscopy followed by cap-assisted endoscopy or cap-assisted endoscopy followed by side-viewing endoscope. Photographs of the major duodenal papilla were digitally edited to mask the cap area before they were evaluated by three blinded external examiners. Our primary end point was complete visualization of the major duodenal papilla. Secondary end points were the ability to examine the mucosal pattern, the overview of the periampullary region, overall satisfaction, and time to locate the papilla.
Results 62 patients completed the study. Complete visualization of the major duodenal papilla was achieved in 60 examinations by side-viewing endoscopy and in 59 by cap-assisted endoscopy (97 % vs. 95 %). The difference between the two examinations was 1.6 % with a two-sided 95 % confidence interval of −4.0 % to 7.3 %, which did not exceed the noninferiority margin of 8 %. Cap-assisted endoscopy achieved better scores regarding the examination of mucosal pattern and overall satisfaction, whereas side-viewing endoscopy had a better overview score (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no relevant difference in the median times to locate the major duodenal papilla.
Conclusion Cap-assisted endoscopy and side-viewing endoscopy had similar success rates for complete visualization of the major duodenal papilla. Cap-assisted endoscopy is superior to side-viewing endoscopy regarding the mucosal pattern and overall satisfaction. Side-viewing endoscopy gives a better overview of the periampullary region.
Wann sollte man die Immunsuppression nach Ende der Nierentransplantatfunktion absetzen?
Authors: Tölle Markus 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungIn den nächsten Jahren wird bei vielen Patienten über eine zweite, dritte oder auch vierte Nierentransplantation nachgedacht werden, da die initialen
Transplantate nach längerer oder kürzerer Funktion nicht mehr ausreichend entgiften und damit erneut eine maschinelle Nierenersatztherapie notwendig ist. Auch
wenn das transplantierte Organ nicht mehr ausreichend funktionstüchtig ist, bleibt es ein Fremdkörper, kann weiterhin vom Körper als ‚fremd‘ erkannt und damit
auch abgestoßen werden. Dies wiederum kann massive Komplikationen für betroffene Patienten nach sich ziehen. Auf der anderen Seite ist eine Immunsuppression
durchaus mit kardiovaskulären, infektiologischen, aber auch mit malignen Risiken für den Patienten unter einer maschinellen Nierenersatztherapie verbunden.
Damit stellt sich dem behandelnden Arzt bei einem versagenden Transplantat immer die Frage, wie mittelfristig mit der verwendeten immunsuppressiven Behandlung
umgegangen werden sollte.
Interaction Between Lactate and Uric Acid is Associated With a Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Pan Hua , Yan Dan , Xu Mingtong , Li Feng , Ren Meng , Zhang Jin , Wu Muchao 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background Increased blood lactate or uric acid (UA) levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an interactive association between blood lactate and UA levels on MS.
Methods This community-based cross-sectional study included 2584 Chinese subjects aged ≥ 18 years. Participants were classified into 3 groups based on lactate or UA level tertiles or into 9 groups based on a combination of lactate and UA level tertiles.
Results The serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and odds ratios (ORs) for MS increased across the blood lactate or UA level tertiles (all P for trend<0.05). Interactions between lactate and UA with hs-CRP level, HOMA-IR level, and ORs for MS (P<0.05 for all interactions) were also observed. The adjusted ORs for MS in participants in the third tertile of lactate and UA levels, in the third tertile of lactate levels and first tertile of UA levels, and in the first tertile of lactate levels and third tertile of UA levels were 6.02 (95% CI 2.87–12.64, P<0.001), 2.92 (95% CI 1.39–6.10, P=0.005), and 2.70 (95% CI 1.23–5.96, P=0.014), respectively, compared with those in the first tertiles of both lactate and UA levels.
Conclusion The interaction between lactate and UA is associated with a higher prevalence of MS in the Chinese population.