bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyso‐DGTS lipid isolated from microalgae enhances PON1 activities in vitro and in vivo, increases PON1 penetration into macrophages and decreases cellular lipid accumulation
Authors: Dahli Loureen , Atrahimovich Dana , Vaya Jacob , Khatib Soliman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHigh‐density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in preventing atherosclerosis. The antioxidant effect of HDL is mostly associated with paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Increasing PON1 activity using nutrients might improve HDL function and quality and thus, decrease atherosclerotic risk. We previously isolated and identified a novel active compound, lyso‐DGTS (C20:5,0) from Nannochloropsis sp. ethanol extract. In the present study, its effect on PON1 activities was examined and the mechanism by which the compound affects PON1 activity was explored. Lyso‐DGTS elevated recombinant PON1 (rePON1) lactonase and esterase activities in a dose‐ and time‐responsive manner, and further stabilized and preserved rePON1 lactonase activity. Incubation of lyso‐DGTS with human serum for 4 h at 37 °C also increased PON1 lactonase activity in a dose‐responsive manner. Using tryptophan‐fluorescence‐quenching assay, lyso‐DGTS was found to interact with rePON1 spontaneously with negative free energy (ΔG = −22.87 kJ mol−1 at 25 °C). Thermodynamic parameters and molecular modeling calculations showed that the main interaction of lyso‐DGTS with the enzyme is through a hydrogen bond with supporting van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, lyso‐DGTS significantly increased rePON1 influx into macrophages and prevented lipid accumulation in macrophages stimulated with oxidized low‐density lipid dose‐dependently. In vivo supplementation of lyso‐DGTS to the circulation of mice fed a high‐fat diet via osmotic mini‐pumps implanted subcutaneously significantly increased serum PON1 lactonase activity and decreased serum glucose concentrations to the level of mice fed a normal diet. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of lyso‐DGTS on increasing PON1 activity and thus, improving HDL quality and atherosclerotic risk factors. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):299–310, 2018
Tested and reported executive problems in children and youth epilepsy
Authors: Hessen Erik , Alfstad Kristin Å. , Torgersen Halvor , Lossius Morten I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesExecutive problems in children and youth with epilepsy influence their ability to handle important aspects of daily life activities. The present study sought to explore factors associated with executive problems for patients with epilepsy in this age group.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 97 consecutive patients at the National Centre for Epilepsy in Norway, aged 10–19 years, with focal or genetic generalized epilepsy. All underwent tests of executive functions (D‐KEFS), the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function (BRIEF), and screening for psychiatric symptoms, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsParent‐reported cognitive executive dysfunction (BRIEF, Metacognitive Index) was the strongest independent predictor for tested executive dysfunction and vice versa. Furthermore, male gender correlated strongest with parent‐reported behavioral regulation problems (BRIEF, Behavioral Regulation Index) along with borderline/pathological score on the SDQ and parent‐reported cognitive executive dysfunction.ConclusionsA strong association between parent‐reported cognitive executive dysfunction and tested executive dysfunction was found. Male gender correlated strongest with parent‐reported behavioral regulation problems. The latter was probably related to a higher frequency of symptoms associated with psychopathology among the boys than the girls. The frequency of executive deficits according to the different modes of measurement varied from 16% to 43%, suggesting that they capture different aspects of behavior under the executive umbrella.
Characteristics and treatment of internet child pornography offenders
Authors: Ly Thanh , Dwyer R. Gregg , Fedoroff J. Paul 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn the realm of sexual offenses, there has been a decrease in hands‐on offenses, but an increase in online offenses against children. The current issue is whether online and offline sexual offenders are alike or differ. This literature review investigates the differences among individuals who have committed child pornography offenses, individuals who have committed contact offenses against children, and individuals who have committed both. This review discusses the various typologies that have been proposed of those who have committed online offenses against children, the diagnostic implications of having committed child pornography offenses, and the current state of treatment and prevention of individuals who have committed online sex offenses against children. The studies examined were found from psychology databases, listserv links, and references of those collected articles. Only articles in English were included in the review. Overall, Internet child pornography offenders (ICPOs) tend to score significantly differently from contact offenders on various psychological measures. These findings may imply that ICPOs have different treatment needs than contact offenders.
Strategy to targeting the immune resistance and novel therapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Gang Wang , Wang Jun‐Jie , Guan Rui , Yan Sun , Shi Feng , Zhang Jia‐Yan , Li Zi‐Meng , Gao Jing , Fu Xing‐Li 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAssessing the CRC subtypes that can predict the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with immunogenicity seems to be a promising strategy to develop new drugs that target the antitumoral immune response. In particular, the disinhibition of the antitumoral T‐cell response by immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable therapeutic promise for patients with mismatch repair (MMR) deficient CRC. In this review, the authors provide the update of the molecular features and immunogenicity of CRC, discuss the role of possible predictive biomarkers, illustrate the modern immunotherapeutic approaches, and introduce the most relevant ongoing preclinical study and clinical trials such as the use of the combination therapy with immunotherapy. Furthermore, this work is further to understand the complex interactions between the immune surveillance and develop resistance in tumor cells. As expected, if the promise of these developments is fulfilled, it could develop the effective therapeutic strategies and novel combinations to overcome immune resistance and enhance effector responses, which guide clinicians toward a more “personalized” treatment for advanced CRC patients.
Combination of anginex gene therapy and radiation decelerates the growth and pulmonary metastasis of human osteosarcoma xenografts
Authors: Zhao Kai , Yang Shang‐You , Geng Jun , Gong Xuan , Gong Weiming , Shen Lin , Ning Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInvestigate whether rAAV‐anginex gene therapy combined with radiotherapy could decrease growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma in mice and examine the mechanisms involved in this therapeutic strategy. During in vitro experiment, multiple treatment regimes (rAAV‐eGFP, radiotherapy, rAAV‐anginex, combination therapy) were applied to determine effects on proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and G‐292 osteosarcoma cells. During in vivo analysis, the same multiple treatment regimes were applied to osteosarcoma tumor‐bearing mice. Use microcomputed tomography to evaluate tumor size. Eight weeks after tumor cell inoculation, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the therapeutic efficacy according to microvessel density (MVD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Metastasis of lungs was also evaluated by measuring number of metastatic nodules and wet weight of metastases. The proliferation of ECs and the tumor volumes in combination therapy group were inhibited more effectively than the other three groups at end point (P < 0.05). Cell clone assay showed anginex had radiosensitization effect on ECs. Immunohistochemistry showed tumors from mice treated with combination therapy exhibited the lowest MVD and proliferation rate, with highest apoptosis rate, as confirmed by IHC staining for CD34 and PCNA and TUNEL assays (P < 0.05). Combination therapy also induced the fewest metastatic nodules and lowest wet weights of the lungs (P < 0.05). rAAV‐anginex combined with radiotherapy induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and inhibited tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis on the experimental osteosarcoma models. We conclude that the primary mechanism of this process may be due to sensitizing effect of anginex to radiotherapy.
miR‐541 suppresses proliferation and invasion of squamous cell lung carcinoma cell lines via directly targeting high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2
Authors: Xu Li , Du Bin , Lu Qi‐Jue , Fan Xiao‐Wen , Tang Ke , Yang Lie , Liao Wei‐Lin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have demonstrated that micro‐ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are important tumor suppressors during carcinogenesis. However, the function of miRNA‐541 (miR‐541) in malignancies, especially lung cancer, has not been widely reported. In this study, miR‐541 expression was significantly decreased in squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cancerous tissue and SCLC cell lines. To analyze miR‐541 function in SCLC, we overexpressed miR‐541 in SCLC cell lines (SK‐MES‐1 and H226). According to the CCK8, wound scratch, and transwell invasion assay results, miR‐541 overexpression significantly inhibited SCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. Next, using RT‐PCR, Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and luciferase assays, HMGA2 was identified, for the first time, as a direct regulatory target of miR‐541 in SK‐MES‐1 and H226 cells. Furthermore, upregulating HMGA2 expression significantly alleviated the suppressive effects of miR‐541 on SK‐MES‐1 and H226 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In summary, our study revealed that miR‐541 inhibited SCLC proliferation and invasion by directly targeting HMGA2.
Hypoxia induces apoptosis of mouse spermatocyte GC‐2 cells through activation of autophagy
Authors: Zhou Jian , Qian Chun‐Ya , Tong Rui‐Qing , Wang Bin , Chen Xue‐Lei , Zhuang Yan‐Yan , Xia Fei , He Qi , Lv Jin‐Xing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of GC‐2spd (GC‐2) cells. The GC‐2 cells were treated with or without hypoxia for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Apoptosis of GC‐2 cells was detected using TUNEL and flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopic was used to observe the autophagy of GC‐2 cells. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF‐1α), apoptosis‐related protein and marker protein of autophagy levels were measured by Western blotting. Hypoxia induced apoptosis and autophagy of GC‐2 cells, and increased expression of HIF‐1α, LC3‐II, Beclin‐1, and pro‐apoptotic protein, but reduced p62 and anti‐apoptotic protein level. Meanwhile, hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α mediated expression of apoptosis and autophagy‐related protein in GC‐2 cell. Furthermore, autophagy regulated hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of GC‐2 cell. Our data suggest that hypoxia induces apoptosis of GC‐2 cell by activation of autophagy involving activation of the apoptosis signaling pathway under the hypoxic condition.
Borax Crystallization Kinetics in a Pitched‐Blade Turbine/Straight‐Blade Turbine Dual‐Impeller Crystallizer
Authors: Čelan Antonija , Ćosić Marija , Kuzmanić Nenad 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe influence of hydrodynamic conditions on crystallization kinetics and properties of borax crystals obtained in a dual‐impeller batch cooling crystallizer was investigated. The two impellers used, i.e., pitched‐ and straight‐blade turbines, were mounted on the same shaft. Hydrodynamics was analyzed by means of the mixing time values and specific fluid flow patterns generated. Results indicate that wider metastable zones were generally observed at impeller positions characterized by longer mixing times. In those cases, the growth rate constants were lower, resulting in a formation of smaller but more regularly shaped crystals. These findings imply that the dual‐impeller position should be taken into account in order to produce crystals of desired characteristics.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Initial Biological Evaluation of [99mTc]Tc‐Tricarbonyl‐labeled DPA‐α‐MSH Peptide Derivatives for Potential Melanoma Imaging
Authors: Gao Feng , Sihver Wiebke , Bergmann Ralf , Belter Birgit , Bolzati Cristina , Salvarese Nicola , Steinbach Jörg , Pietzsch Jens , Pietzsch Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2018

Abstractα‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) derivatives target the melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) specifically and selectively. In this study, the α‐MSH‐derived peptide NAP‐NS1 (Nle‐Asp‐His‐d‐Phe‐Arg‐Trp‐Gly‐NH2) with and without linkers was conjugated with 5‐(bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino)pentanoic acid (DPA‐COOH) and labeled with [99mTc]Tc‐tricarbonyl by two methods. With the one‐pot method the labeling was faster than with the two‐pot method, while obtaining similarly high yields. Negligible trans‐chelation and high stability in physiological solutions was determined for the [99mTc]Tc‐tricarbonyl–peptide conjugates. Coupling an ethylene glycol (EG)‐based linker increased the hydrophilicity. The peptide derivatives displayed high binding affinity in murine B16F10 melanoma cells as well as in human MeWo and TXM13 melanoma cell homogenates. Preliminary in vivo studies with one of the [99mTc]Tc‐tricarbonyl–peptide conjugates showed good stability in blood and both renal and hepatobiliary excretion. Biodistribution was performed on healthy rats to gain initial insight into the potential relevance of the 99mTc‐labeled peptides for in vivo imaging.
Moray micro forceps biopsy improves the diagnosis of specific pancreatic cysts
Authors: Zhang M. Lisa , Arpin Ronald N. , Brugge William R. , Forcione David G. , Basar Omer , Pitman Martha B. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDMaking a specific diagnosis of pancreatic cysts preoperatively is difficult. The new disposable Moray micro forceps biopsy (MFB) device allows tissue sampling from the pancreatic cyst wall/septum and aims to improve diagnosis. This study compares the diagnostic performance of the MFB with the current conventional analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF).METHODSA total of 48 patients sampled with MFB were identified. Cysts were classified as mucinous on PCF based on extracellular mucin/mucinous epithelium, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels ≥192 ng/mL, or KRAS/GNAS mutation. A diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm was supported by GNAS mutation; a diagnosis of serous cystadenoma was supported by Von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) mutation. A diagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasm required the presence of subepithelial ovarian‐type stroma. A high‐risk cyst was defined as a mucinous cyst with high‐grade dysplasia or an adenocarcinoma. Comparisons in diagnostic performance between PCF and MFB were made.RESULTSThe mean age of the patients was 69.6 years (range, 27‐90 years); 25 of 48 patients (52.1%) were female. Cysts were in the pancreatic head (13 patients), neck (2 patients), body (20 patients), and tail (13 patients), averaging 3.1 cm (range, 1.2‐6.0 cm). There was concordance with mucinous versus nonmucinous classification (60.4% for PCF vs 58.3% for MFB; P = .949). Three high‐risk cysts were detected by PCF and 2 were detected by MFB (P = .670). However, MFB diagnosed significantly more specific cysts compared with PCF (50.0% for MFB vs 18.8% for PCF; P<.001).CONCLUSIONSPCF analysis and MFB have comparable performance in distinguishing between mucinous and nonmucinous cysts and for detecting high‐risk cysts. However, MFB was found to be superior for diagnosing specific cyst subtypes, thus adding significant value to preoperative patient management. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:414‐20. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
A Practical Cryopreservation and Staining Protocol for Immunophenotyping in Population Studies
Authors: Barcelo Helene , Faul Jessica , Crimmins Eileen , Thyagarajan Bharat 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLarge population‐based cohort studies, through their prospective collection of a broad range of health information, represent an invaluable resource for novel insights into the pathogenesis of human diseases. Collection and cryopreservation of viable cells from blood samples is becoming increasingly common in large cohorts as these cells are a valuable resource for immunophenotyping and functional studies. The cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), thawing, and immunophenotyping protocols used to immunophenotype 9938 participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) are described. The extensive quality control involved in a large‐scale immunophenotyping epidemiological study is also outlined. The existing literature on the effect of cryopreservation on various immune cell subsets including T, B, NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells is provided. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Prospective Randomized, Double‐Blind, Two‐Period Crossover Pharmacokinetic Trial Comparing Green Coffee Bean Extract—A Botanically Sourced Caffeine—With a Synthetic USP Control
Authors: Morton Kayce , Knight Katelin , Kalman Douglas , Hewlings Susan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCoffee is a primary dietary source of the chlorogenic acids (CGAs) of phenolic compounds. Coffee contains caffeine and other phytonutrients, including CGAs. Caffeine on its own has been well characterized and descried pharmacokinetically in the literature, less so for CGAs. The purpose of this double‐blind crossover study was to determine the comparative pharmacokinetics of CGAs with caffeine (natural extract) with synthetic caffeine (US Pharmacopeia [USP] standard). Sixteen healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to take 1 dose of product 1, 60 mg of botanically sourced caffeine from 480 mg of green coffee bean extract, or product 2, 60 mg of synthetic USP caffeine, with 5 days between. Blood analysis was done to determine the levels of CGA compounds, more specifically 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), and serum caffeine. The natural caffeine extract exhibited mean peak concentrations (Cmax) of 3‐CQA (11.4 ng/mL), 4‐CQA (6.84 ng/mL), and 5‐CQA (7.20 ng/mL). The mean systemic 4‐hour exposure (AUC0–4 h) was 3‐CQA (27.3 ng·h/mL), 4‐CQA (16.1 ng·h/mL), and 5‐CQA (15.7 ng·h/mL). The median tmax was 3‐CQA (1.00 hour), 4‐CQA (1.00 hour), and 5‐CQA (1.50 hours). The tmax of caffeine was 0.75 hours (natural extract) and 0.63 hours (synthetic caffeine). Cmax and AUC0–4 h of serum caffeine were statistically equivalent between products. The geometric least‐squares mean ratios (GMRs) of Cmax and AUC0–4 h of caffeine were 97.77% (natural extract) and 98.33% (synthetic caffeine). It would appear that CGA compounds from the natural caffeine extract are bioavailable, and 3‐CGA may be the compound most absorbed. In addition, caffeine sourced from natural extract versus synthetic were statistically similar for pharmacokinetic parameters. There were no adverse events or safety concerns.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Diverse γ‐Lactam Scaffolds Facilitated by a Nebulizer‐Based Continuous Flow Photoreactor
Authors: Ioannou Georgios I. , Montagnon Tamsyn , Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Pergantis Spiros A. , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe use of a modified prototype continuous flow reactor (CFR) as a pivotal part of a number of versatile singlet oxygen‐mediated reaction sequences is presented herein. These sequences target rapid access to structural complexity and diversity. The prototype reactor achieves high conversions and productivities by attaining large specific surface areas for these biphasic reactions. In the reactor, the reaction solution is nebulized (using either oxygen or air) and the resulting aerosol is irradiated by an LED jacket that surrounds the Pyrex reaction chamber. The one pot procedures developed herein are, according to many different criteria, both highly efficient and green. The key common intermediates and the source of both the complexity and variety of the final products are N‐acyl imminium ions (NAI; protonated N‐acyl enamines). The initial substrates are simple and readily accessible furans and the diverse array of products is composed of different complex γ‐lactams. Many of the products are of particular interest due to their close relationships to known biologically active molecules.
Large‐scale distribution patterns of mangrove nematodes: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Brustolin Marco C. , Nagelkerken Ivan , Fonseca Gustavo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMangroves harbor diverse invertebrate communities, suggesting that macroecological distribution patterns of habitat‐forming foundation species drive the associated faunal distribution. Whether these are driven by mangrove biogeography is still ambiguous. For small‐bodied taxa, local factors and landscape metrics might be as important as macroecology. We performed a meta‐analysis to address the following questions: (1) can richness of mangrove trees explain macroecological patterns of nematode richness? and (2) do local landscape attributes have equal or higher importance than biogeography in structuring nematode richness? Mangrove areas of Caribbean‐Southwest Atlantic, Western Indian, Central Indo‐Pacific, and Southwest Pacific biogeographic regions. We used random‐effects meta‐analyses based on natural logarithm of the response ratio (lnRR) to assess the importance of macroecology (i.e., biogeographic regions, latitude, longitude), local factors (i.e., aboveground mangrove biomass and tree richness), and landscape metrics (forest area and shape) in structuring nematode richness from 34 mangroves sites around the world. Latitude, mangrove forest area, and forest shape index explained 19% of the heterogeneity across studies. Richness was higher at low latitudes, closer to the equator. At local scales, richness increased slightly with landscape complexity and decreased with forest shape index. Our results contrast with biogeographic diversity patterns of mangrove‐associated taxa. Global‐scale nematode diversity may have evolved independently of mangrove tree richness, and diversity of small‐bodied metazoans is probably more closely driven by latitude and associated climates, rather than local, landscape, or global biogeographic patterns.