bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Human and Monkey (Macaca irus) Fibrinogen Degradation Products
Authors: Poskitt Thomas R , Philip Fortwengler H , Roth Gerald J , Eaton James A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryImmunochemical, physical, and anticoagulant properties of human and monkey (Macaca irus) fibrinogen degradation products (FDP’s) were compared by Immunoelectrophoresis, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and anticoagulant assay. Both species demonstrated a high degree of similarity in the properties and sequence of generation of FDP’s derived from in vitro plasmin digestion of highly purified fibrinogen. The results of this study should permit a closer analogy to be drawn between the pathogenic mechanisms of disseminated intravascular coagulation occurring experimentally in monkeys and clinically in humans.
Studies on the Characterization of Factor VIII and a Co-factor VIII
Authors: Paulssen M. M. P , Vandenbussche-Scheffers H. L. M. A , Spaan P. B , de Jong T , Planje M. C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFactor VIII occurs in the body in two different forms. In lymph factor VIII is bound to chylomicra. In plasma, factor VIII is bound to a protein.After delipidation of chylomicra we obtained a glycoprotein with a high polysaccharide content and a molecular weight of approx. 160,000.In plasma, factor VIII is attached to a protein which is present in normal concentrations in plasma of patients with haemophilia A and in serum (co-factor VIII).This factor is deficient in both the plasma and the serum of patients with von Willebrand’s disease.The binding between factor VIII and co-factor VIII is reversible.Some properties of these two factors are described.
The Natural Course of Defibrination Syndrome Caused by Echis Colorata Venom in Man
Authors: Fainaru M , Eisenberg S , Manny N , Hershko C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe natural course of defibrination syndrome caused by Echis colorata venom (ECV) in five patients is reported. All patients developed afibrinogenemia within six hours after the bite. Concomitantly a depression in factor V was recorded. Factor VIII and thrombocyte count in blood were normal in most patients. In the light of the known effects of ECV on blood coagulation in vivo and in vitro it is concluded that the afibrinogenemia is due to intravascular clotting.Four patients had transient renal damage, manifested by oliguria, azotemia, albuminuria and cylindruria, ascribed to microthrombi in the renal glomeruli.After the bite, the natural course was benign, no major bleeding was observed, and all signs of coagulopathy reverted to normal within 7 days. Therefore we recommend no specific treatment for this condition. In the case of heavily bleeding patients, administration of antiserum against ECV and/or heparin should be considered.
The Rivanol Method for the Quantitative Determination of Antithrombin III in Plasma
Authors: Yue Robert H. , Starr Toby , Gertler Menard M. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA simple quantitative method for the determination of antithrombin III in plasma is described. It is based on the preferential precipitation of plasma antithrombin activities by a chemical compound 2,5-diamino-7-ethoxyacridin lactate (rivanol). When the incubation time of plasma with rivanol took place within 0.5 and 2 hours under specifically controlled experimental conditions, rivanol precipitated α2-macro-globulin selectively and quantitatively without any effect on antithrombin III. In the presence of rivanol, the inhibition of thrombin by plasma antithrombin III followed a second-order reaction with a rate constant of 80 1/M/sec. In this assay procedure, only the initial thrombin activity and the 30 minutes residual thrombin activity are required to evaluate the amount of antithrombin III present in the plasma quantitatively. “With proper routine laboratory care, this assay system was found to be accurate and reproducible.
Measurement of the Rate of Clot Retraction
Authors: Itoh Michio , Nishimura Yoshihisa , Takenaka Osamu , Inada Yuji 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe volume of serum exuded from clot was measured with time in the presence of platelets. The change of the volume of clot followed the first order kinetics with respect to time and the rate constant (k) was introduced to assay for clot retraction. The value of k and maximal serum volume exuded from clot, Vf, are dependent on the number of platelets, but the way k depends on the number of platelets is different from that Vf does on it. This suggests that these two parameters reflect the different phases of clot retraction.
Modification of Platelet Sulfhydryl Groups
Authors: Harbury C. B , Schrier S. L 
Published: June 2018

SummarySulfhydryl (SH) reagents are known to inhibit platelet aggregation but their effect on the release reaction has not been systematically studied. To delineate the functional effect of penetrating versus nonpenetrating SH inhibitors, we studied primary and secondary aggregation, the collagen and thrombin induced release reaction and clot retraction. Washed human platelets were used to avoid exposing plasma proteins and added reagents to SH inhibitors. We found that 5,5´ dithiobis (2 nitrobenzoic acid) interacted only with superficially-located SH groups which were not essential for either aggregation, the release reaction, clot retraction, or membrane stability. N-ethylmaleimide at low concentrations was found to interact in rapid succession with SH groups essential for aggregation, clot retraction, and the release reaction. Finally, at very much larger concentration, it may have interacted with a structural SH group. P-hydroxymercuriphenyl sulfonate presented a very complex pattern. At low concentrations it appeared to interfere with the free access to the platelet surface of externally-added agents. At higher concentrations, it interacted first with SH groups associated with aggregation, and then with SH groups associated with clot retraction. Finally, it appeared to interfere with structural SH groups, producing a membrane leak of proteins and nucleotides. The release reaction was never specifically inhibited.
The so-called “Onion-Like Shape Thromboelastogram” in Dialyzed Uraemic Patients
Authors: Suchecki Tadeusz 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe behaviour of the so-called “onion-like shape thromboelastogram” in dialyzed uraemic patients has been studied. 51 double thromboelastogram (TEG) determinations (one before and one after dialysis) were performed in 39 uraemic patients. The “onion-Mke shape TEG” was present in 42 recordings performed before dialysis and only in 19 recordings after a single dialysis. The disappearance of the “onion-like shape TEG” can be interpreted as a normalising effect of the dialysis on the clot elasticity in a large percentage of uraemic patients.
On the Mechanism by which Cell Contact Induces the Release Reaction of Blood Platelets; the Effect of Cationic Polymers
Authors: Massini P , Lüscher E. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman blood platelets are aggregated by the basic polymers polylysine and DEAE- dextran. Under certain conditions a second phase of aggregation, concomitant with the release reaction, is elicited. The presence of ADP, calcium ions and a plasmatic cofactor within the primary aggregates are necessary for the induction of the release reaction. These experiments demonstrate that cell contact per se does not lead to a release reaction ; in order to become effective it must take place in the presence of ADP.
Zur Frage der kontinuierlichen unsichtbaren Blutgerinnung und Fibrinolyse in normalen und pathologischen Zuständen
Authors: Oyvin I. A , Islamov I. I 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungVersuche an Hunden haben gezeigt, daß die lange dauernde Anwendung der EAK in fibrinolysehemmenden Dosen keinen Einfluß auf die Geschwindigkeit der Wasser - und Eiweißfiltration durch Gefäßwände nach akutem Blutverlust oder bei Entwicklung eines akuten Lungenödems hat. Diese Ergebnisse sprachen gegen die Ansicht, daß an der inneren Oberfläche des Endothels und der Basalmembran der Gefäße ständig eine Fibrinschicht gebildet und durch Fibrinolyse wieder aufgelöst wird. Im Ruhezustand sind Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolysesysteme inaktiv. Es konnte der Verlauf einer unsichtbaren generalisierten Blutgerinnung und Fibrinolyse sowohl in der Zirkulation als auch an normalen Endothel- und Basalmembranoberflächen nicht bestätigt werden.
Relative Serum Antiplasmin Levels in Normal and Hemophilic Dogs Treated with Choline
Authors: McDonald D , Jackson Blanche , Boudreaux H. B , Myers R. B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPeroral administration of choline in relatively high dosage (300 or 600 mg choline dihydrogen citrate per 17-20 lb body weight, 4 times daily) caused no significant change in serum antiplasmin activity of either normal or factor VIII-deficient beagle dogs. Also, no alteration in antiplasmin level was found to be associated with the hemophilic state.Canine serum antiplasmins are stable at low temperatures. Like human antiplasmins, they appear to have two major components which differ conspicuously in stability at 60° C.Other data presented in this paper show that crude plasmin readily obtained from human serum euglobulins provides an enzyme preparation suitable for screening antiplasmin levels of sera by the caseinolytic method.
Messung der Plättchenadhäsivität mit einer modifizierten Form der Hellem II-Methodik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des von Willebrand-Jürgens-Syndroms
Authors: Niessner H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wurde über eine Modifikation der von Hellem angegebenen, mit nicht antikoa-guliertem Vollblut arbeitenden Glaskugelfiltermethodik zur Messung der Plättchen-adhäsivität berichtet. Während die Normal werte höher lagen und auch eine geringere Streuung zeigten als im Hellenischen Verfahren, waren die bei Patienten mit von WillebrandJürgens-Syndrom gefundenen Ergebnisse über einen wesentlich größeren Meßbereich verteilt, ohne daß es jedoch zu einer Überlappung der bei Willebrandscher Erkrankung gemessenen Werte mit dem Normalbereich kam. Durch Steigerung der Flußgeschwindigkeit im Glaskugelfilter von 6,6 auf 11,2 ml/min sanken die Adhäsivi-tätswerte bei Willebrandscher Erkrankung weiter hoch signifikant ab. Die mit 11,2 ml/ min gefundenen Ergebnisse waren signifikant zum Faktor-VIII-Spiegel korreliert. Die Familienuntersuchungen ergaben innerhalb der einzelnen Familien einen stark wechselnden Schweregrad der Adhäsivitätsverminderung bei Mitgliedern mit manifestem von Willebrand-Jürgens-Syndrom. Außerdem war die Adhäsivität bei einer Angehörigen ohne klinische Symptomatik erniedrigt. Durch die Gabe von Kryopräzipitat bei Patienten mit von Willebrand-Jürgens-Syndrom konnten nur die verlängerte Blutungszeit und der erniedrigte Faktor-VIII-Spiegel, nicht jedoch die Adhäsivität korrigiert werden. Außer bei der Willebrandschen Erkrankung war die mit der modifizierten Hellem II-Technik gemessene Adhäsivität noch bei 2 Patienten mit kongenitaler Afibrinogenämie sowie 2 Patientinnen mit Thrombasthenie vermindert, wobei sich bei der Mutter der einen Patientin mit Thrombasthenie bei fehlender klinischer Symptomatik ebenfalls eine herabgesetzte Adhäsivität fand. Die verminderte Adhäsivität bei erhöhter Thrombozytenzahl wurde auf methodische Ursachen zurückgeführt. Eine weitere Gruppe mit verminderter Adhäsivität, gemessen mit der modifizierten Hellem II-Technik, waren urämische Patienten, wobei die Adhäsivitäts-werte signifikant zu den Serumkreatininspiegeln korreliert waren. Durch Steigerung der Flußgeschwindigkeit im Glaskugelfilter von 6,6 auf 11,2 ml/min konnte keine signifikante weitere Abnahme der Adhäsivitätswerte erzielt werden. Die gefundenen Ergebnisse wurden eingehend diskutiert.
Antihemophilic Factor: Separation of an Active Fragment Following Dissociation by Salts or Detergents
Authors: Owen W. G , Wagner Robert H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDissociation of canine antihemophilic factor (factor VIII, molecular weight >2 × 106) by salts and detergents was studied with the use of agarose gel chromatography. The dissociated fragments retained antihemophilic factor activity. Partial dissociation occurred in 1 M or 2 M KCl, 1 M KBr, 0.25% sodium desoxycholate and 0.1% Triton X-100, but essentially no dissociation was observed in 3 M KC1. A high degree of dissociation occurred in 0.25 M CaCl2. Removal of Ca2+ before chromatographic fractionation of the preparation resulted in complete reversal of the dissociation. However, upon separation of an active, dissociated fraction from the very high molecular weight components by gel chromatography in 0.25 M CaCl2, followed by removal of Ca2+ from the fraction, no tendency toward reaggregation was seen. The apparent molecular weight of the dissociated fragment, determined by gel chromatography, is about 25,000. It is proposed that antihemophilic factor activity is associated with a molecule, of relatively low molecular weight, which in plasma or partially purified fractions is bound by electrostatic and hydrophobic bonds to a high molecular weight carrier. The activities of both dissociated and undissociated preparations were neutralized by an antibody to human antihemophilic factor. In contrast to the behavior of undissociated antihemophilic factor, the activity of the dissociated preparation was not affected by incubation with a dilute, highly purified thrombin preparation.
Distribution shapes govern the discovery of predictive models for gene regulation
Authors: Munsky Brian , Li Guoliang , Fox Zachary R. , Shepherd Douglas P. , Neuert Gregor 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceSystems biology seeks to combine experiments with computation to predict biological behaviors. However, despite tremendous data and knowledge, biological models make less-accurate predictions compared with other fields. By analyzing single-cell, single-molecule measurements of mRNA during yeast stress response, we explore why and how the shapes of experimental distributions control prediction accuracy. We show how asymmetric data distributions with long tails cause standard modeling approaches to yield excellent fits but make meaningless predictions. We show how these biases arise from the violation of fundamental assumptions in standard modeling approaches. We demonstrate how advanced computational tools solve this dilemma and achieve predictive understanding of spatiotemporal mechanisms of transcription control including RNA polymerase initiation and elongation and mRNA accumulation, transport, and decay.
Experiencing religious pilgrimage in Malta.
Authors: Zammit V. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter discusses the Catholic pilgrimages on Malta in the context of social and sustainable development. After reviewing the history of some of the medieval pilgrimage trails on Malta, attention is then turned to discussing the more modern pilgrimages that take place on the island. Some of the socio-environmental issues that have arisen due to the use of these pilgrimages in tourism promotional literature are discussed.
Pilgrimage to Mount Bromo, Indonesia.
Authors: Choe JaeYeon Choe JaeYeon , Hitchcock M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines the pilgrimage tradition of the Tenggerese people, a Javanese ethnic group in Eastern Java, who travel to Mount Bromo during their celebration of the Yadnya Kasada or Kosodo festival to make offerings to the mountain gods. After looking at tourism to the island of Java more generally, the chapter discusses the history of this pilgrimage and looks at the significance of this pilgrimage for both the Tenggerese people and tourism officials and marketers, who have used this pilgrimage to promote religious tourism to the area. Attention is then turned to looking at the problems that have arisen because of the commodification of this pilgrimage ritual, before concluding with some recommendations for overcoming these issues.
The Shikoku pilgrimage: popularity and the pilgrim's transaction.
Authors: Wilkinson G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter uses the Shikoku pilgrimage in Japan to describe and analyse the importance of pilgrimage transactions for pilgrimage development. It is argued that pilgrims' transactions are central to the heritage identity and management of successful modern pilgrimage, as well as significant for regional economic growth. The Shikoku pilgrimage's history and the typical Japanese pilgrimage transactions are described to provide the necessary background for the chapter's arguments.
Challenges facing the sustainable development of slave trade routes and trails in Cameroon.
Authors: Enongene V. , Griffin K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter explores the recent growth of African American diaspora tourism as quasi-religious pilgrimage to the village of Bimbia, Cameroon, which served as a major slave port in the region. Having first discussed the historical development of slavery and slave trade routes in this region, the chapter discusses the recent development of the village of Bimbia in the context of slave routes, and the resultant 'pilgrimages of reconnection' to this area. In particular, the chapter focuses on the economic and environmental challenges related to the creation of slave routes that cater for 'slave pilgrims'.
The path to developing a one welfare framework.
Authors: Pinillos R. G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

The content of this book chapter combines the result of personal ideas from the author and collaborating experts, stakeholder discussion outputs, published literature, participants to an electronic global consultation on a One Welfare framework and definition proposal. One Welfare is a framework for improving animal welfare and human well-being. One Welfare developed in this book frames the many connections between humans, animals and the environment, and how harnessing this thinking will improve animal welfare. Improvements in animal welfare do not always progress as expected and most of the time it is humans who cause the majority of animal welfare issues. It is therefore necessary to ensure that human welfare aspects are considered if we are to achieve effective animal welfare improvements. Many agreed that One Welfare is a concept that encompasses, in a multidimensional way, a number of areas, including: the problems of animal production, workers and the impact on the environment of livestock farms; the reduction of violence across the world; and the connection between poor animal and human welfare states and how improved animal welfare can help improve human welfare. This book chapter aims to assist readers in identifying these connections and to inspire them to continue building up the evidence base in this area by putting One Welfare into practice and documenting further examples of these connections.
On biotechnology and animal welfare.
Authors: Rollin B. E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the course of human history, the primary use of animals for more than 10 000 years has been agricultural - food, fibre, locomotion and power. And for most of that history, the well-being of the animals being used was assured by necessity. If one did not practice good husbandry, the animals did not produce, and those who raised the animals were equally harmed. Proper treatment of animals therefore was presuppositional to civilization. Unfortunately, with the coming of the Industrial Revolution, humans abandoned the 'ancient contract' with animals that had lasted 10 000 years. We could now increase the productivity of animals by use of 'technological sanders' that allowed us to keep animals under conditions where their welfare suffered but they continued to produce. The advent of biotechnology showed that this same exploitative mindset would dominate agricultural biotechnology. The rise of animal experimentation similarly demonstrated cavalier human disregard for animal well-being. Rationalizations such as the Cartesian claim that animals were machines buttressed this disregard. As was the case with agriculture, biotechnological manipulation of animals again disregarded animal welfare. For these reasons, it is morally necessary to set strict sense standards for genetic manipulation. Furthermore, public support for animal research is inversely proportional to the animals' degree of suffering. Thus, ethics and self-interest converge in this case.
pyTFA and matTFA: a Python package and a Matlab toolbox for Thermodynamics-based Flux Analysis
Authors: Salvy Pierre , Fengos Georgios , Ataman Meric , Pathier Thomas , Soh Keng C , Hatzimanikatis Vassily 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Summary
pyTFA and matTFA are the first published implementations of the original TFA paper. Specifically, they include explicit formulation of Gibbs energies and metabolite concentrations, which enables straightforward integration of metabolite concentration measurements.

Motivation
High-throughput analytic technologies provide a wealth of omics data that can be used to perform thorough analyses for a multitude of studies in the areas of Systems Biology and Biotechnology. Nevertheless, most studies are still limited to constraint-based Flux Balance Analyses (FBA), neglecting an important physicochemical constraint: thermodynamics. Thermodynamics-based Flux Analysis (TFA) in metabolic models enables the integration of quantitative metabolomics data to study their effects on the net-flux directionality of reactions in the network. In addition, it allows us to estimate how far each reaction operates from thermodynamic equilibrium, which provides critical information for guiding metabolic engineering decisions.

Results
We present a Python package (pyTFA) and a Matlab toolbox (matTFA) that implement TFA. We show an example of application on both a reduced and a genome-scale model of E. coli., and demonstrate TFA and data integration through TFA reduce the feasible flux space with respect to FBA.

Availability and implementation
Documented implementation of TFA framework both in Python (pyTFA) and Matlab (matTFA) are available on www.github.com/EPFL-LCSB/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ShinyCNV: a Shiny/R application to view and annotate DNA copy number variations
Authors: Gu Zhaohui , Mullighan Charles G 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array is the most widely used platform to assess somatic copy number variations (CNVs) in cancer studies. Many SNP data-based CNV callers are available, however, the false positive rates from automated calling are commonly high, and reported breakpoints can be inaccurate. Manual review for each reported CNV by visualizing the SNP data is important, but is challenging for users lacking computational experience. To address this, we present a Shiny/R application ShinyCNV, an interactive graphical user interface to view and annotate CNVs.

Results
With this application, normalized SNP data, which includes log R ratio (LRR) and B allele frequency, can be plotted against the reported CNVs, and users can visually check the reliability of CNVs per se or adjust the incorrectly assigned breakpoints. Further, the interactive LRR spectrum panel within ShinyCNV can facilitate the process to identify commonly affected CNV regions from a group of samples, and to visually check if important focal gains/losses are missing from reported CNVs. ShinyCNV is designed to be intuitive for cancer researchers and can be easily installed for either personal use or deployed on servers to provide online service.

Availability and implementation
ShinyCNV and the tutorial are freely available from https://github.com/gzhmat/ShinyCNV.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.