bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of 40–48 GHz dust continuum linear polarization towards the Class 0 young stellar object IRAS 16293–2422
Authors: Liu Hauyu Baobab , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Ching Tao-Chung , Lai Shih-Ping , Hirano Naomi , Rao Ramprasad 
Published: May 2018

Aims. The aims of this work are to test the feasibility of observing dust polarization at frequencies lower than 50 GHz, which is the optically thinner part of the modified black body spectrum, and to clarify whether or not the polarization mechanism is identical or similar to that for (sub)millimeter observations.
Methods. We performed the new Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) full polarization observations at 40–48 GHz (6.3–7.5 mm) towards the nearby (d= 147 ± 3.4 pc) Class 0 young stellar object (YSO) IRAS 16293–2422, and compared these with the previous Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations. We observed the quasar J1407+2827, which is weakly polarized and can be used as a leakage term calibrator for <9 GHz observations, to gauge the potential residual polarization leakage after calibration.
Results. We did not detect Stokes Q, U, and V intensities from the observations of J1407+2827, and constrain (3σ) the residual polarization leakage after calibration to be ≲0.3%. Limited by thermal noise, we only detected linear polarization from one of the two binary components of our target source, IRAS 16293–2422 B. The measured polarization percentages range from less than one percent to a few tens of percent. The derived polarization position angles from our observations are in excellent agreement with those detected from the previous observations of the SMA, implying that on the spatial scale we are probing (~50–1000 au), the physical mechanisms for polarizing the continuum emission do not vary significantly over the wavelength range of ~0.88–7.5 mm.
Conclusions. We hypothesize that the observed polarization position angles trace the magnetic field, which converges from large scale to an approximately face-on rotating accretion flow. In this scenario, magnetic field is predominantly poloidal on >100 au scales, and becomes toroidal on smaller scales. However, this interpretation remains uncertain due to the high dust optical depths at the central region of IRAS 16293–2422 B and the uncertain temperature profile. We suggest that dust polarization at wavelengths comparable or longer than 7 mm may still trace interstellar magnetic field. Future sensitive observations of dust polarization in the fully optically thin regime will have paramount importance for unambiguously resolving the magnetic field configuration.
From thermal dissociation to condensation in the atmospheres of ultra hot Jupiters: WASP-121b in context
Authors: Parmentier Vivien , Line Mike R. , Bean Jacob L. , Mansfield Megan , Kreidberg Laura , Lupu Roxana , Visscher Channon , Désert Jean-Michel , Fortney Jonathan J. , Deleuil Magalie , Arcangeli Jacob , Showman Adam P. , Marley Mark S. 
Published: May 2018

Context.A new class of exoplanets has emerged: the ultra hot Jupiters, the hottest close-in gas giants. The majority of them have weaker-than-expected spectral features in the 1.1−1.7μm bandpass probed by HST/WFC3 but stronger spectral features at longer wavelengths probed bySpitzer. This led previous authors to puzzling conclusions about the thermal structures and chemical abundances of these planets.Aims.We investigate how thermal dissociation, ionization, H−opacity, and clouds shape the thermal structures and spectral properties of ultra hot Jupiters.Methods.We use the SPARC/MITgcm to model the atmospheres of four ultra hot Jupiters and discuss more thoroughly the case of WASP-121b. We expand our findings to the whole population of ultra hot Jupiters through analytical quantification of the thermal dissociation and its influence on the strength of spectral features.Results.We predict that most molecules are thermally dissociated and alkalies are ionized in the dayside photospheres of ultra hot Jupiters. This includes H2O, TiO, VO, and H2but not CO, which has a stronger molecular bond. The vertical molecular gradient created by the dissociation significantly weakens the spectral features from H2Owhile the 4.5μm CO feature remains unchanged. The water band in the HST/WFC3 bandpass is further weakened by the continuous opacity of the H−ions. Molecules are expected to recombine before reaching the limb, leading to order of magnitude variations of the chemical composition and cloud coverage between the limb and the dayside.Conclusions.Molecular dissociation provides a qualitative understanding of the lack of strong spectral features of water in the 1−2μm bandpass observed in most ultra hot Jupiters. Quantitatively, our model does not provide a satisfactory match to the WASP-121b emission spectrum. Together with WASP-33b and Kepler-33Ab, they seem the outliers among the population of ultra hot Jupiters, in need of a more thorough understanding.
Meningismus
Authors: Topka Helge 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie klinische Prüfung des Meningismus stellt ein wichtiges Element der neurologischen Untersuchung in der Notfallsituation dar. Wenngleich die technische Durchführung keine erheblichen Anforderungen stellt, ist die Interpretation schwieriger. Entgegen weitläufiger Ansicht ist der Meningismus weder sehr sensitiv noch spezifisch für die Meningitis oder eine Subarachnoidalblutung. Die korrekte Interpretation erfordert eine sorgfältige Würdigung von Begleitsymptomen und -befunden.
Immuntherapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren beim lokal fortgeschrittenen und metastasierten Urothelzellkarzinom
Authors: Miller Kurt , Gschwend Jürgen , Merseburger Axel , Retz Margitta , Stenzl Arnulf 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungCheckpoint-Inhibitoren haben in der bislang limitierten Therapie des Urothelzellkarzinoms eine neue Ära eingeleitet. Dies spiegelt sich in der aktuellen S3-Leitlinie zum Harnblasenkarzinom derzeit noch nicht wider. Da es sich bei der Krebsimmuntherapie um ein neues Therapieprinzip handelt, stellen sich gegenwärtig Fragen für den Praxisalltag: Auf welchen Daten beruhen die Zulassungen der einzelnen Wirkstoffe? Wie verändern sich die Therapiealgorithmen? Worauf muss beim Therapiemanagement geachtet werden? Welche Nebenwirkungen können auftreten, wie lassen sie sich erkennen und behandeln? Die vorliegende Publikation verfolgt das Ziel, diese Fragen zu beantworten.
Cationic Bismuth Compounds in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis: New Prospects for CH Activation
Authors: Lichtenberg Crispin , Ritschel Benedikt 
Published: May 2018

Well-defined cationic bismuth complexes, [Bi(NR2)Ln]+, based on simple, monodentate, monoanionic amide ligands have recently been reported (R = Me, iPr, etc.). The unusual reactivity patterns of these species are highlighted, with a focus on a recently reported double CH activation reaction. Mechanistic aspects and the impact of charge on reactivity are discussed. These results are compared with literature-known strategies in bismuth-mediated CH activations, and their potential implications for future research in the field are outlined.1	Introduction2	Bismuth-Mediated CH Activation3	Cationic Bismuth Complexes4	Cationic Bismuth Amides for CH Activation5	Conclusion
Which mode and potency of electrocoagulation yields the Smallest Unobstructed Area of the Fallopian Tubes?
Authors: Campagnolo Marcelo Ivo , Reis Ricardo dos , Santos Marcele Oliveira dos , Kliemann Lúcia Maria , Savaris Ricardo Francalacci 
Published: May 2018

Objective To determine which mode and potency of electrocoagulation, using a modern electrosurgical generator, yields the smallest unobstructed area of the Fallopian tubes.Methods In an experimental study, tubes from 48 hysterectomies or tubal ligation were evaluated. Tubes were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: group A) 25 W x 5 seconds (n = 17); group B) 30 W x 5 seconds (n = 17); group C) 35 W x 5 seconds (n = 18), group D) 40 W x 5 seconds (n = 20); group E) 40 W x 5 seconds with visual inspection (blanch, swells, collapse) (n = 16); group F) 50 W x 5 seconds (n = 8). Bipolar electrocoagulation was performed in groups A to E, and monopolar electrocoagulation was performed in group F. Coagulation mode was used in all groups. Digital photomicrography of the transversal histological sections of the isthmic segment of the Fallopian tube were taken, and the median percentage of unobstructed luminal area (mm2) was measured with ImageJ software (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The Kruskal-Wallis test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis.Results Ninety-six Fallopian tube sections were analyzed. The smallest median occluded area (%; range) of the Fallopian tube was obtained in the group with 40 W with visual inspection (8.3%; 0.9–40%), followed by the groups 25 W (9.1%; 0–35.9%), 40 W (14.2; 0.9–43.2%), 30 W (14.2; 0.9–49.7%), 35 W (15.1; 3–46.4%) and 50 W (38.2; 3.1–51%). No statistically significant difference was found among groups (p = 0.09, Kruskal-Wallis test).Conclusion The smallest unobstructed area was obtained with power setting at 40 W with visual inspection using a modern electrosurgical generator. However, no statistically significant difference in the unobstructed area was observed among the groups using these different modes and potencies.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Evolving Controversies and Uncertainties
Authors: Carino Davide , Sarac Timur , Ziganshin Bulat , Elefteriades John 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds 3 cm. Most AAAs arise in the portion of abdominal aorta distal to the renal arteries and are defined as infrarenal. Most AAAs are totally asymptomatic until catastrophic rupture. The strongest predictor of AAA rupture is the diameter. Surgery is indicated to prevent rupture when the risk of rupture exceeds the risk of surgery. In this review, we aim to analyze this disease comprehensively, starting from an epidemiological perspective, exploring etiology and pathophysiology, and concluding with surgical controversies. We will pursue these goals by addressing eight specific questions regarding AAA: (1) Is the incidence of AAA increasing? (2) Are ultrasound screening programs for AAA effective? (3) What causes AAA: Genes versus environment? (4) Animal models: Are they really relevant? (5) What pathophysiology leads to AAA? (6) Indications for AAA surgery: Are surgeons over-eager to operate? (7) Elective AAA repair: Open or endovascular? (8) Emergency AAA repair: Open or endovascular?
Diverse AR-V7 cistromes in castration-resistant prostate cancer are governed by HoxB13
Authors: Chen Zhong , Wu Dayong , Thomas-Ahner Jennifer M. , Lu Changxue , Zhao Pei , Zhang Qingfu , Geraghty Connor , Yan Pearlly S. , Hankey William , Sunkel Benjamin , Cheng Xiaolong , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Wang Qi-En , Liu Zhihua , Huang Tim H.-M. , Jin Victor X. , Clinton Steven K. , Luo Jun , Huang Jiaoti , Wang Qianben 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Mechanisms underlying androgen receptor (AR) splice variant 7 (AR-V7) oncogenic function at the genomic level remain poorly defined. Studies here found that AR-V7 cistromes are cell-context–dependent in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells and tissues, resulting in tremendous diversity in AR-V7–regulated transcriptomes across CRPC patients. Thus, few downstream targets of AR-V7 can universally account for CRPC progression, leaving us without adequate, common, viable therapeutic targets for this heterogeneous disease in which AR-V7 itself is not druggable by antiandrogens. Remarkably, we discovered that HoxB13 governs the diverse AR-V7 cistromes among CRPC, thus shifting focus from the previously characterized role of HoxB13 in androgen-dependent prostate cancer to a distinct role in CRPC. These findings will significantly impact therapeutic strategies for AR-V7–driven CRPC, for which there is no approved therapy.
Increase in chemokine CXCL1 by ERβ ligand treatment is a key mediator in promoting axon myelination
Authors: Karim Hawra , Kim Sung Hoon , Lapato Andrew S. , Yasui Norio , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Tiwari-Woodruff Seema K. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
CXCL1 is a major neutrophil chemoattractant that binds to the chemokine receptor, CXCR2, on neutrophils and oligodendrocytes. Estrogen receptor β ligand treatment in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis induces an increase in peripheral and brain CXCL1 levels that correlate with an increase in axon remyelination. Oligodendrocyte progenitor recruitment and differentiation by CXCL1, in combination with attenuated IFN-γ production reducing apoptosis, may account for at least one avenue whereby estrogen receptor β ligands exert their clinical benefits.
Structural basis for MTR4–ZCCHC8 interactions that stimulate the MTR4 helicase in the nuclear exosome-targeting complex
Authors: Puno M. Rhyan , Lima Christopher D. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Aberrant or unwanted transcripts can be degraded by the RNA exosome with the help of the nuclear exosome-targeting (NEXT) complex. NEXT, composed of RNA-binding protein RBM7, scaffold ZCCHC8, and helicase MTR4, is implicated in stress response, neurodegeneration, and viral ribogenesis. Here, we characterize the activities of NEXT that support its role in exosome-mediated decay. NEXT catalyzes 3′→5′ helicase activity and disrupts RNA:RNA and DNA:RNA duplexes more efficiently than MTR4. Optimal activity is observed when substrates include a uridine-rich motif, for interactions with RBM7, and a 3′ poly(A) tail. The ZCCHC8 C-terminal domain binds the helicase core and can stimulate MTR4 helicase/ATPase activities. Our results highlight the interplay among NEXT subunits to ensure effective targeting of substrates.
Unimolecular reaction of acetone oxide and its reaction with water in the atmosphere
Authors: Long Bo , Bao Junwei Lucas , Truhlar Donald G. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Obtaining rate constants and tropospheric lifetimes of Criegee intermediates is of critical significance for atmospheric modeling. We report calculations that can produce quantitative rate constants by variational transition state theory with corner-cutting tunneling based on implicit potential energy surfaces calibrated against high-level calculations. Demonstration of this capability is particularly significant because the calculations can fully cover the atmospheric conditions, which is hard to do by experiment. The present results also show the usefulness of the M11-L and MN15-L density functionals in describing this nominally multireference system. Modern quantum chemistry is now accurate enough to be used for atmospheric chemistry, and the present methods and strategies can be also be used to study other atmospherically important reactions of other medium-sized molecules.
Injuries in formal and informal non‐professional soccer – an overview of injury context, causes, and characteristics
Authors: Gebert Angela , Gerber Markus , Pühse Uwe , Gassmann Philippe , Stamm Hanspeter , Lamprecht Markus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyse context, causes, and characteristics of injuries in non‐professional soccer. Therefore, a retrospective telephone survey was carried out with persons who were injured while playing soccer and who reported this accident to the Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Suva). Based on these data, an analysis of 708 soccer injuries was performed. The findings show that 30.1% of the injuries occurred during informal soccer play, and 75.4% of the injured persons were soccer club members. 53.0% of all injuries were caused by contact and 29.5% by foul play. Foul play was not associated with injury severity. With respect to injury severity, twisting/turning and being tackled by an opponent were identified as the most influental injury causes. Moreover, the risk of being severely injured was particularly high players of the 30+/40+ amateur leagues. In conclusion, the findings highlight that 30+/40+ league players are a major target group for the prevention of severe soccer injuries. Soccer clubs may constitute an appropriate multiplier for implementing prevention strategies such as fair play education, healthy play behaviours, and prevention programmes. Finally, a better understanding of injury situations leading to severe injuries is needed to improve injury prevention.
The CCL-K11 on-going key comparison. Final report for the year 2016
Authors: Matus M , Duta A , Teodorescu D , Grozea L , Saraiva F , Robertsson L 
Published: May 2018

Lasers from two national metrological institutes (NMIs) were compared in 2016 as part of the CCL-K11 on-going key comparison, initiated by the 13th meeting of the ComitÃ© Consultative des Longueurs (CCL) in 2007. The absolute frequency of R(127) 11-5 transitions of molecular iodine was measured for these lasers following the technical protocol for CCL-K11. The results of these measurements are compiled in the present report. The comparison reports, as communicated by each participant, are included as appendices.
This document constitutes the eighth final report for the on-going key comparison CCL-K11.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Understanding Why Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Increase Quit Attempts
Authors: Brewer Noel T , Parada Humberto , Hall Marissa G , Boynton Marcella H , Noar Seth M , Ribisl Kurt M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur randomized trial found that pictorial cigarette pack warnings elicited more quit attempts than text-only warnings.PurposeIn the current study, we sought to identify psychological mechanisms that explain why pictorial cigarette pack warnings change behavior.MethodsIn 2014 and 2015, we recruited 2,149 adult smokers in NC and CA, USA. We randomly assigned smokers to receive on their cigarette packs for 4 weeks either a text-only warning (one of the USA’s current warnings on the side of cigarette packs) or a pictorial warning (one of the USA’s proposed text warnings with pictures on the top half of the front and back of cigarette packs).ResultsPictorial warnings increased attention to, reactions to, and social interactions about cigarette pack warnings (all p < .05). However, pictorial warnings changed almost no belief or attitude measures. Mediators of the impact of pictorial warnings included increased attention, negative affect, social interactions, thinking about the warning and harms of smoking, and intentions to quit (all p < .05). Analyses also found that pictorial warnings led to greater avoidance of the warnings, which was associated with more quit attempts (p < .05).ConclusionsPictorial warnings increased quit attempts by eliciting aversive reactions and by keeping the message vividly in smokers’ minds. Contrary to predictions from several theories of health behavior, the warnings exerted little of their influence through changes in beliefs and attitudes and none of their influence through changes in risk perception. We propose the Tobacco Warnings Model based on these findings.Clinical Trial informationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02247908; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02247908.
Variation of mutational burden in healthy human tissues suggests non-random strand segregation and allows measuring somatic mutation rates
Authors: Werner Benjamin , Sottoriva Andrea 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe immortal strand hypothesis poses that stem cells could produce differentiated progeny while conserving the original template strand, thus avoiding accumulating somatic mutations. However, quantitating the extent of non-random DNA strand segregation in human stem cells remains difficult in vivo. Here we show that the change of the mean and variance of the mutational burden with age in healthy human tissues allows estimating strand segregation probabilities and somatic mutation rates. We analysed deep sequencing data from healthy human colon, small intestine, liver, skin and brain. We found highly effective non-random DNA strand segregation in all adult tissues (mean strand segregation probability: 0.98, standard error bounds (0.97,0.99)). In contrast, non-random strand segregation efficiency is reduced to 0.87 (0.78,0.88) in neural tissue during early development, suggesting stem cell pool expansions due to symmetric self-renewal. Healthy somatic mutation rates differed across tissue types, ranging from 3.5×10−9 /bp/division in small intestine to 1.6×10−7/bp/division in skin.Author SummaryCairn proposed in 1975 that upon proliferation, cells might not segregate DNA strands randomly into daughter cells, but preferentially keep the ancestral (blue print) template strand in stem cells. This mechanism would allow to drastically reduce the rate of mutation accumulation in human tissues. Testing the hypothesis in human stem cells within their natural tissue environment remains challenging. Here we show that the patterns of mutation accumulation in human tissues with age support highly effective non-random DNA strand segregation after adolescence. In contrast, during early development in infants, DNA strand segregation is less effective, likely because stem cell populations are continuing to grow.
Opinions of 12 to 13-year-olds in Austria and Australia on the worry, cause and imminence of Climate Change
Authors: Harker-Schuch Inez , Mills Frank , Lade Steven , Colvin Rebecca 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough we are in the third decade of climate science communication as a discipline, and there is overwhelming scientific consensus and physical evidence for climate change, the general public continues to wrestle with climate change policy and advocacy. Early adolescence (12 to 13 years old) is a critical but under-researched demographic for the formation of attitudes related to climate change. This paper presents opinions on the worry, cause, and imminence of climate change that were collected fromn=463 1styear secondary school students (12-13 years old) in public secondary schools in inner-urban centres in Austria and Australia. Overall, 86.83% of eligible respondents agreed that climate change was probably or definitely something we should worry about, 80.33% agreed that climate change was probably or definitely caused by humans, and 83.17% agreed that climate change was probably or definitely something that was happening now. The respondents’ opinions were also compared to their respective adult population, with Australian 12-13 year olds showing strong positive climate-friendly attitudes, both in comparison to their adult population, and to their Austrian peers. In addition, although the opinions of Austrian 12-13 year olds were quite high, they did not reflect the higher climate-friendly opinions of their adult community. Our results suggest that socio-cultural worldview or socio-cultural cognition theory may not have the influence on this age group as it does on the respective adult population – and, if they are affected, there are attitudes or factors in this age group which resist the opinion-influence from their mature community. These findings are significant as early adolescents may be pivotal in the climate science communication arena and investigating their opinions with regard to climate change may offer an unexplored and under-utilised target for future communication efforts and climate literacy programmes.