bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Aspects of Cleaning and Cleaning Validation in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Debaje Priyanka D , Chhabra Gurmeet S. , Gujarathi Nayan 
Published: August 2018

Pharmaceutical product and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be contaminated by other pharmaceutical products or APIs, by cleaning agents, by microorganisms or by other materials e.g. air borne particles, dust, lubricants, raw materials, intermediates, etc. In the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical products, it is a must to reproduce consistently the desired quality of product. Residual material from the previous batch of the same product or from different product may be carried to the next batch of the product, which in turn may alter the quality of the subjected product. An effective cleaning shall be in place to provide documented evidence that the cleaning method employed within a facility consistently controls potential carryover of product including intermediates and impurities, cleaning agents and extraneous material into subsequent product to a level which is below predetermined level The purpose of this review is to provide information about importance of cleaning validation of API in pharmaceutical industry and this information is in accordance with the regulatory guidelines
Lagged Earnings Asymmetry in a Firm-Year Measure of Accounting Conservatism
Authors: Billings Bruce K. , Moon James R. , Morton Richard M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Khan and Watts (2009) develop a firm-year measure of conditional conservatism, labeled C_Score, that builds on the Basu (1997) asymmetric timeliness (AT) measure. However, recent research documents an asymmetric relation between lagged earnings and current returns, indicative of bias in the Basu measure. We demonstrate that this lagged earnings asymmetry (LEA) taints C_Score by mimicking (i.e., overstating) C_Score's relation to nearly all of the firm characteristics used by Khan and Watts (2009) as validation tests. Thus, LEA represents an alternative interpretation for hypotheses tests involving C_Score as a measure of conditional conservatism. We examine two very distinct explanations for LEA identified in prior research and demonstrate that controlling for both is necessary and sufficient to yield a modified C_Score measure that is uncorrelated with LEA. We conclude that while LEA identifies a threat to the usefulness of C_Score as a firm-year measure of conservatism, the underlying causes of LEA can be adequately addressed.
JEL Classifications: M41; M44; G34; G38; K22; D82.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the text.
The Effects of Superior Trust and Budget-Based Controls on Budgetary Gaming and Budget Value
Authors: Libby Theresa , Lindsay R. Murray 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Control systems based on budget-based incentives have long been criticized as promoting budgetary gaming that taints the budgeting process. Yet, Libby and Lindsay (2010) find that, on average, North American managers are obtaining “good” value from their budgeting systems. The current study examines the antecedents of budget value through a partial replication and significant extension of Van der Stede (2000) using survey data collected from a sample of senior business unit managers with budget responsibility. Results indicate that the senior manager's trust in subordinate managers' abilities exhibits a positive direct and indirect (through increased subordinate involvement in decision making) relationship with budget value. While budget emphasis has a negative indirect association with budget value (through budgetary gaming), it has a much larger positive direct relationship, resulting in an overall positive effect. Further, budgetary gaming increases with the use of budget-based bonuses, particularly for capped relative to non-capped plans.
Minimally Invasive Adhesive Rehabilitation for a Patient With Tooth Erosion: Seven-year Follow-up
Authors: Pini NI Pavesi , De Marchi LM , Ramos AL , Pascotto RC 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition of growing concern. In clinical practice, it is often a challenge for prevention and treatment since many etiological factors may be involved. This case report describes an esthetic rehabilitation of a young patient presenting tooth wear due to erosion. The etiological factor of this case was the patient sucking on lemons, an acidic fruit. The main complaint of the patient was the appearance of short maxillary incisors. The treatment involved orthodontic and restorative dentistry techniques. First of all, an orthodontic device was used to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion and create an adequate space for the direct restorations. The posterior teeth were restored with two direct composite resin techniques; the anterior teeth were then restored using a balanced occlusion. The seven-year follow-up of the case is presented. Replicas of the restorations were made and visualized under scanning electron microscopy up to the 12-month evaluation. In the clinical follow-up at seven years, maintenance of the results and restorations can be clearly seen.
Diálogos d'além-mar: A MPB e sua poética do encontro
Authors: Pacheco Mateus De Andrade 
Published: August 2018

O artigo aqui apresentado foca na incursão da cantora brasileira Elis Regina pela cena artística portuguesa. A partir dessa opção, desvela-se toda uma trama povoada por tantos outros artistas, abrindo-se espaço para refletir sobre o fenômeno MPB e sua reverberação em Portugal. Para isso, percorreu-se vasto material produzido pela imprensa portuguesa em distintos momentos – décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980. Através da consulta desses materiais, tem-se acesso a críticas de espetáculos e discos, além de entrevistas onde esses artistas refletem sobre sua música, debatem seu cotidiano, assumindo uma postura de cronistas de seu tempo. Assim, cria-se espaço para pensar e representar o Brasil, país cantado em tons diversos por vozes como a de Elis Regina.
River Basin Hydrological Balance Evaluation in Term of the Land Use Change Impact
Authors: Novotná Beáta , Čimo Ján , Chvíla Branislav , Pozníková Gabriela 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Assessment of the land use impact on the processes of water balance in the river basin should be an indispensable part of integrated river basins management. This paper compares climatic conditions occurring during the long-term period (1951-1980), following the situation immediately after dry conditions (1993-1999) and extremely rainy dates (2009-2012) with emphasis to estimate the runoff components in the Žitava river basin: the Obyce sub-catchment, situated in its upper part (74.5 km2) in the Slovak Republic. Modelling of the land use change effect on the total hydrology balance of the river basin characteristics was performed using the hydrological model WaSiM-ETH. The model was applied to evaluate the vegetation type influence and the water balance change in the presently mostly forested river basin (1), altering its replacement by the permanent grasses (2) and bushes (3), with emphasis to different total water balance characteristics change. The present state land use data were taken from the Corine Land Cover of the Slovak Republic. Model results show that actual evapotranspiration would decrease from -1.3% in case of bushes in 2009 up to -32.5% in case of grass in 2011. However, 13.3% rise was considered for bushes in 2010. Total annual discharge shows its increment in all observed changes from 5.9% for bushes in 2010 up to 65.3% for grass in 2012. Only in case of bushes in 2011 there was observed slight decrease of about -3.1%. Regarding the very expected land use change, especially in connection with the ongoing global climate change, the estimation of the hydrology balance components is of utmost significance.
The yield of selected varieties of American Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in the first years of fruiting in the western part of Poland
Authors: Masłowska Weronika , Liberacki Daniel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the influence of meteorological conditions prevailing in the western part of Poland on the yield of selected blueberry varieties. The research was conducted on a small plantation located in the Przyczyna Górna village, in the Wschowa district of the Lubuskie province. There are five varieties of blueberry: Patriot, Duke, Chandler, Elliott and Bleuecrop. The studied years 2014, 2015, 2016, as the first fruiting years, were presented in relation to the multi-year 2006-2016. The 2014 was the warmest year during this period with an average air temperature of 10.3 °C, whilst the lowest temperature was 7.6 °C recorded in 2010. The highest precipitation was in 2016, with the precipitation level of 760 mm. However, the year with the lowest precipitation of 418 mm turned out to be 2011. The goal of the study in 2014-2016 was to evaluate the respective yields of five varieties of blueberry on a small plantation, taking into account various meteorological conditions.
The controversial nature of workfare programmes
Authors: Papp Imola Cseh , Varga Erika , Szira Zoltán , Hajós László 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
According to the OECD, active employment policies include all social expenditure that are directed at improving the chances of finding a job and income generation (except education). Active labour market policies are around to assist in enhancing labour market flexibility at the times of economic changes. Their key components are the so-called activation strategies that act as typical prerequisites of benefitting from unemployment security/support systems in every EU country. The workfare concept lies behind the public work programmes. There are serious professional debates whether public work can primarily be seen as a ’compulsion and work test’ or, rather, as an opportunity of entering the primary labour market. The available efficiency analyses unanimously state that public work forms have the biggest role in testing willingness to work and the obligatory nature is the strongest of all active labour market policies. Research also indicates that public work reintegrates only few people back to the primary labour market and the majority are restrained from seeking a job and other income generating activities. There are several reasons for and against public work and opinions differ. The paper summarises the benefits and drawbacks on the basis of international and Hungarian analyses.
Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Brexit Referendum and Post-Referendum Events on Selected Stock Exchange Indexes
Authors: Kurecic Petar , Kokotovic Filip 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper studies the impact of political turbulence in the United Kingdom in 2016 and 2017 on selected relevant stock indexes. The empirical analysis consists of unit breakpoint tests. The potential points of structural break are determined based on an overview of occurrences of political instability from the Brexit referendum to the snap Parliamentary election of 2017. The paper concludes that the outcome of the referendum on Brexit caused a structural break that was visible in every stock index studied. On the other hand, the paper fails to find any evidence of a structural break caused by subsequent events, namely the decision to call the snap election or the outcome of the election itself. This implies that investors have accepted the UK decision to leave the EU and there was no further destabilization of the stock markets. It can be further concluded that the United Kingdom and the European Union need to address a deep political divide and find a way to coexist and mutually benefit in the period of negotiations and after the Brexit takes place
Investigating Industry Dynamics in a Recessionary Transition Economy
Authors: Vitezić Vanja , Srhoj Stjepan , Perić Marko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper investigates the statistical regularities of industry dynamics in a transition economy and its manufacturing industry over a six-year period of recession. The static analysis of distributions supports several established stylized facts on firm size and growth-rate distributions. The growth rate distribution featured a sequential, year-by-year procyclical change of the left side of distribution, suggesting that the more years an economy spends in a recession, the greater the decline in the revenue of its firms. On the “growing” side, the recession opened increasing growth opportunities for a small subset of small firms, while it diminished growth opportunities for medium and large firms. The segregation of sectors by technological intensity gives evidence that the high-tech sectors show upward trend of the growth rate distributions’ right side of as the recession unfolded. Sectorial concentration ratios mostly increased, while changes in the unimodality of the firm-size distribution occurred at the end of the economic downturn
(Dis)Advantages af Decentralization Models Driven by Non-Economic Reasons: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Soko Aida 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper uses a DEA-VRS methodology for the estimation of municipal efficiency to provide empirical evidence of the impact of decentralization in BiH under the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) on overall municipal efficiency. In particular, the paper focuses on the analysis of the overall efficiency of 33 new municipalities established under DPA. The findings suggest that the average municipal efficiency in BiH is rather low, and only 23 or 16% of municipalities in BiH are efficient. The average efficiency achieved is around 0.71. This means that with the same level of inputs (budget revenue) outputs may be increased by almost 30%, on average. The results of DEA-VRS efficiency estimation suggest that new municipalities have lower average efficiency (0.60) in comparison to “older” municipalities (0.74). In our sample, only six percent of newly created municipalities are efficient, 12% exhibit some level of efficiency, while the remaining 82% are inefficient, with significant share (39%) of very inefficient municipalities
“Clean and Dirty” on Batavia Canal and Colonial Spatial Transformation
Authors: Dewi Euis Puspita 
Published: August 2018

<p>The issue of cleanliness is not only related to the physical aspect, but it is also closely related to social and cultural dimensions. The concept of "clean" and "dirty" can be used as a marker of differences of race, class, and color of skin, either in relation to clothing, body, natural environment, or built environment. Batavia canals as artificial environment of the colonial period, now dirty and smelly, is a phenomenon that needs to be revealed by understanding its long history through photographs, paintings, and stories in terms of "clean" and "dirty" as well as all the activities on the canals. That evidence can be traced synchronically and diachronically.In the beginning of the 17th century, Batavia Canal was a wide, clean, and beautiful stream for defensive purposes, recreation, flood control, and status markers, then it transformed into a dirty, smelly, and disgusting canal in the mid 18th century. Finally the Batavia canal was abandoned, and the authority the Europeans was moved the administrative center to a higher area called Weltevreden for hygiene reasons. It resulted on the development of landhuis along the Molenvliet canal, that was ever built in 1648 was revived and used as the access that connects the upper and lower town. In the beginning of the 20th century, the Molenvliet and Pasar Baru canalsin Weltevreden area were no longer used by the European, especially when technology,transportation, and sanitation were developed. At that time, Europeans had to choose whether to live in a more classy and civilized lifestyle. Instead, they prefer to choose horse-drawn carriages and trams as a means of transportation and a bathroom at the backyard as a space for cleanliness. Whereas, the canal is used only by indigenous people to do daily activities, such as bathing, washing, fishing and others. Canal became a marker of stratification status of indigenous and European. The European used a room bounded walls as personal services area, while indigenous people used canal as their sanitation public services.The canal is recognized as a ‘dirty’ area because of the history. Therefore, the public should create the concept of cleanliness deriving from their own cultural identity instead of imitating others.</p><p>Keywords: Canal, Cleanliness, Dirty, Transformation.</p>
About Nusantara Architecture: a Matter of Either-or or Both-and toward Place for Better Living in the Humid Tropic
Authors: Prijotomo Joseph 
Published: August 2018

<p>‘Space’ and ‘Better living’ are continuing issues and discourse in architecture. It covers as large as philosophical to practical ones. We may find, for instance, issues in space as one of construction of mind in one extreme, and space as one of volume in certain magnitude at its other extreme. In terms of better living we may also find similar extremes. We may also find that since the times of modern era, space is practically considered as volume of certain magnitude, as is exemplified in a number of standards of areas needed for particular activity;<br />while in terms of better living the focus is in comfort that should be provided in particular room. Unfortunately, we –the Indonesians-- hardly aware and realize that they are not only of western sources, but more importantly, of western mindset. Since they are beautifully and neatly concealed under one objectivity of mind and reason, science, most of us know and accept them as the objective and correct standards. The fact that the West (ie. Europe and North America) are region with four seasons climate system has unavoidably underlies the building of those standards and knowledge. Indonesia and other tropical areas of the world is not region in such a four seasons climate system; it is in a two seasons climate system. This two climate seasons is not simply a variant of climate system; it is of ‘the other’ climate system, as will be demonstrated in this paper. Hence, we may consider this paper as talking about space for better living’ from the point of view of climate system.</p><p>The clock remains ticking, While the ideals of having architecture that serves better living is always at hand, we are confronted with the question whose living: the wealthy few or every single people, the elite or the common and the elite people. To the four season climate system, living with artificial climate is not incorrect; even the attitude of taking aside the climate is understandable. To the two season climate system, living with natural climate is also not incorrect; and the attitude of optimizing the natural climate is understandable. These two climate system is fundamentally different, and it must be a fatal mistake and fundamental incorrectness to deal with one as a variant of the other. The fact that our knowledge in two season climate system is very poor, that does not mean that this system be discarded.</p><p>The call for architecture for better living is demanding a definite respond: a denial (and ultimately, elimination) of two season climate system, or an equal, yet distinct, both two and four season climate system. The former is quite easy while the latter requires hard work. The former will make architecture in Indonesia serves the wealthy few, while the latter will serves the whole people of Indonesia.</p>
The Concept of Space Inhabitation: "Nearly Adequate" (Case: Row House in Petogogan, South Jakarta)
Authors: Rahayu Olivia Yuni 
Published: August 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>RISHA system of Petogogan’s row house in South Jakarta, is applied to solve the problem of slum settlement area along the Krukut river bank. The inhabitants of the row house have their own assessment in term of the need level for living. By using quantitative -QUALITATIVE approach, it is uncovered that the inhabitants have the concept of ‘nearly adequate’ to maintain the occupying space which actually does not quite accommodate their daily activities. However, they arrange the space in certain ways to meet their needs. ‘Nearly adequate’ concept consists of three unique ideas: flexible, economic and it manifests the concept of sincerity. At the end of this article will be presented about a model of that ‘nearly adequate‘ concept. </span></p><p><span>Keywords: Row house, level of need, ‘nearly adequate’ concept. </span></p></div></div></div>
Role of Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment in Post-Disaster Recovery Program
Authors: Wijayanto Punto 
Published: August 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Indonesia is a country located in the ring of </span>fire. Various kinds of disasters threats parts of Indonesia, including its rich cultural and natural heritage assets. Since the 2004, Tsunami in Aceh, the government gives serious attention to disaster. In 2007, it stipulated the Law 24/2007 on Disaster Management. It's so unfortunate that cultural heritage is not yet part of main concern during disaster programs. In addition, there are only few experiences in the world about how to deal with the condition of heritage affected by disaster.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Heritage organizations in Indonesia aim to raise awareness about disaster risks on cultural heritage. They develop system of damage assessment to cultural heritage or Damage Heritage Rapid Assessment (DHRA) at the time of emergencies. Damage assessment was introduced in Yogyakarta, experienced a lot of damage caused by the massive earthquake in 2006. DHRA has been used in Padang (2009), Yogyakarta (2010), Jakarta (2013) and Manado (2014). This paper aims to explain what DHRA is and how DHRA can contribute to post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction of heritage district. </span></p><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>Keywords: Damage assessment, disaster, heritage </p></div></div></div></div></div>
REVEALING TRANCENDENTAL MEANING OF OMAH DUDUR ARCHITECTURE IN URUT SEWU, GRABAG, PURWOREJO, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Wibowo Satrio HB 
Published: August 2018

<p><em>Omah dudur was discovered as a typical house in Urut Sewu, Purworejo-Kebumen, Central Java,Indonesia. By this research, it was found that Omah Dudur is considered as a manifestation of universe of human, god and nature as well as a pusaka (heirlooms). It is believed that interrelation among the three universes will influence to the successes and failures of occupant’s life. As a pusaka, which is perceived to have the power and strength of wahyu (metaphysical spirit), the omah dudur spiritually should be served by a regular sacred ritual and offerings. Methodologically, this research implies Husserl’s paradigm phenomenology (1965) with the naturalistic framework of Egon G Lincoln and Guba (1985). The result of study is hopefully contributed to the development of local knowledge of Javanese architecture typology.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords: omah dudur, wahyu, pusaka </em></p>