bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Slow-Release Fertilizers as a Part of Optimization of Celeriac Production Technology
Authors: Niemiec Marcin , Komorowska Monika 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using slow-release fertilizers under intensive vegetable cultivation. To achieve the set research objective, a field experiment was set up in 2017, where slow-release fertilizer (NPK (%) 20-10-10+4MgO) was applied. The experiment comprised three levels of fertilization with the use of slow-release fertilizers, the control without fertilization, and the control fertilized with conventional fertilizers. The slow-release fertilizer was applied directly under each plant and in rows – approximately 8 cm below the root level. The designed systems were evaluated based on the size of commercial yield, productivity index, agronomic efficiency index, removal efficiency index, and physiological efficiency index. The results obtained in the field experiment indicate that the highest plant yield (54.22 Mg of commercial yield∙ha−1) was obtained at the highest dose of slow-release fertilizers (600 kg∙ha−1 applied in rows approximately 8 cm below the root level). In the case of direct fertilization, in the treatment with the highest dose of slow-release fertilizer, a reduction in yield was observed. The best results, in terms of equalizing the mass of individual roots, were obtained under conventional fertilization. The most favorable value of the productivity index was obtained in the variant where 400 kg∙ha−1 slow-release fertilizer was applied directly, while in the case of row application the best results were obtained at the dose of 600 kg∙ha−1. Celeriac fertilization with slow-release fertilizers under root may result in producing a yield of bigger differences in root mass, compared to conventional fertilization system.
The Impact of Shearing and Flexibility of Cultivator Tines on the Vertical Forces Value
Authors: Owsiak Zygmunt , Lejman Krzysztof , Pieczarka Krzysztof , Sekutowski Tomasz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the outcomes of the research on the impact of shearing depth and flexibility of cultivator tines with cultivator points on the value of vertical forces acting thereon. The object of the research consisted in “S” tines with the flexibility coefficient of 0.0061; 0.0711; 0.0953 and 0.1406 m∙kN−1. The investigations were carried out in field conditions in sandy clay soil with moisture of 11.2%. The forces were measured for the assumed shearing depths which were 5, 9 and 13 cm at the shearing speed of 3 m∙s−1. A stand for measurement of forces acting on soil shearing tools in the field conditions was used. It was found out that the increase of the shearing depth causes a linear increase of the vertical force, but the force gradient decreases with the growth of the tine flexibility. Moreover, it was found out that the increase of the tine flexibility at the beginning causes the increase and then the decrease of the vertical force regardless the shearing depth. The impact of flexibility on the vertical force value was described with the parabola equation. The tines flexibility, at which the highest value of vertical force may be expected, grows with the reduction of the shearing depth.
Impact of Caustic Soda Solution Temperature on Efficiency of its Cleaning on Solid Sediments After Completed Process of Cleaning in CIP System of Brewing Unit
Authors: Piepiórka-Stepuk Joanna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the results of analysis concerning the impact of temperature on sedimentation in the caustic soda solution that constitute a contamination after the process of cleaning utensils and pipes for hopped wort transport in the brewery. The solution was collected from the production plant after the process of cleaning and subjected to 12-hour sedimentation and changes of the solid particles participation, their size and percentage share in the solution was determined. The study was carried out with the Shadow Sizing method. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and the surface area of the response of the relation between the time and temperature of sedimentation and the number of particles which stay in the solution was calculated. The research results proved that the temperature significantly affects the cleaning degree of solutions by sedimentation and its duration. After sedimentation in solutions, particles with the surface area from 0.001-0.003 mm2 remain. Those particles are not subject to sedimentation and constitute a coloidal suspension in the solution.
The Yield of Silphium Perfoliatum L. Depending on the Conditions of Cultivation
Authors: Shalyuta B.V. , Kostitskaya E.V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The article presents the results of two-year studies on the influence of the method of sowing and the level of nitrogen application on the yield of seeds of Silphium perfoliatum L. − a new fodder crop for the conditions of Belarus. Silphium is precious for the nutritive value of green mass. According to the literature sources, dry matter contains 16-28% of protein, more than 60% of nitrogen-free extractives, 13-23% of sugars, high content of mineral substances, a small amount of fiber, adequate calcium and phosphorus, carotene, vitamin C. Mineral composition of Silphium contains 17.6% of dry matter, including 152.3 mg·kg−1 of ash. Macro elements: calcium – 18.1, phosphorus − 2.55, manganese – 4.48, potassium – 24.03, sodium – 0.40, sulphur – 0.40 mg· kg−1 of mg· kg−1 of dry matter. The mass of 1000 seeds was from 23.7 to 25.5 g. The seed germination was good and varied from 75% to 84%. It has been established that the best way to sow the Silphium is planting seedlings according to the 70x30 scheme. This option ensured the yield of seeds of 3.6 and 3.7 c/ha. The applying of increased doses of nitrogen fertilizers N90 and N120 and sowing seeds ensured the yield of seeds ranging from 3,6 to 3,9 c·ha−1.
The Effect of Ecological and Geographical Factors on Environmental Parameters as a Background for Vegetables Selection
Authors: Skaryna Uladzimir , Skaryna Vitali 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study is to find out the role of the ecological and geographical fator in obtaining sustainable yields and the assessment of the environment as a background for the selection in breeding of vegetable adaptive ability. Objects of research: winter garlic, vegetables beans, headed salad. Research was conducted in various ecological and geographical zones of Belarus, Russia, Uzbekistan. Environmental parameters as the background for selection were determined using Kilchevsky’s, L. V. Hotyleva’s (1985), technique, Kilchevsky (1985). Differences between testing points on environmental parameters for determining the trait “yielding capacity” have been revealed, maximum environmental productivity at assessing various genotype sets has been determined. Long-term research showed that sustainable productivity depends on the ability of a genotype to respond to environmental conditions. Based on the obtained results, statistical parameters of quantity traits of the parent material, their variability depending on ecological-geographical factor and the character of influence on the potential yields and ecological sustainability have been received. Using various ecological and geographical zones helps to reveal the potential of plants in given conditions on sustainability and productivity parameters. Testing of winter garlic, beans, head salad allowed differentiation of them according to adaptability capacity at various set of genotypes. It was found out that research must be carried out at highly productive and analyzing backgrounds to get the required material. One of the main methods enabling to increase plant selection efficiency is the use of natural ecological backgrounds.
Development of Female Torso Classification and Method of Patterns Shaping
Authors: Wu Xinzhou , Kuzmichev Victor , Peng Tian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOur study presents a new pattern-making approach that is composed of three major steps: to establish the new torso classification; to improve the pattern shaping method; to solve the problem of misfit of female dresses. New additional measurements were obtained from full bust, waist and hip circumferences and divided between front and back parts separately from 3D body scanning data. By creating 8 new torso subtypes Y1, Y2, A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2, which reflect the body characteristics and torso morphology through distribution of bust girth between the front and the back, we have developed the Chinese female torso classification. On the basis of the new classification and the Japanese method of pattern block drafting, we improved the method of calculation of waist darts and the shaping of two kinds of female dresses: first kind doesn’t have the horizontal waist seam (one-piece dress) and second kind has the waist horizontal seam (two-pieces dress containing from the top and the skirt). The new torso subtypes and new pattern block shaping approach are taken into attention as the body characteristics will significantly improve the quality of clothes. New method of pattern pieces shaping in according with the characteristic features of a 3D virtual avatar allows to integrate this virtual pattern-generating approach into the pattern-making systems.
Parameter Measurement of Biaxial Braided Composite Preform Based on Phase Congruency
Authors: Xiao Zhitao , Pei Lei , Zhang Fang , Sun Ying , Geng Lei , Wu Jun , Tong Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a new method based on phase congruency is proposed to measure pitch lengths and surface braiding angles of two-dimensional biaxial braided composite preforms. Lab space transform and BM3D (block-matching and 3D filter) are used first to preprocess the original acquired images. A corner detection algorithm based on phase congruency is then proposed to detect the corners of the preprocessed images. Pitch lengths and surface braiding angles are finally measured based on the detected corner maps. Experimental results show that our method achieves the automatic measurement of pitch lengths and the surface braiding angles of biaxial braided composite preforms with high accuracy.
Implementing the Requirements of ISO 9001 and Improvement Logistics Processes in SMES Which Operate in the Textile Industry
Authors: Zimon Dominik , Gajewska Teresa , Malindzakova Marcela 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The principal objective of the research was to determine the influence exerted by the implementation of standard quality management systems on the improvement of selected logistics processes in small and medium-sized enterprises, which operate in the textile industry. Empirical research was carried out by the authors in the year 2017 on a group of small and medium-sized enterprises that operate in the textile industry in Poland and Slovakia. The research involved 33 organizations (20 Polish, and 13 Slovak ones). The research process and the analysis of the acquired results made it possible to address the research questions posed and to state, among others, that standardized quality management systems exert a relatively large influence on perfecting selected subsystems and logistic processes in the researched organizations.
Circular Economy — Challenges for the Textile and Clothing Industry
Authors: Koszewska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The circular economy model has recently gained a lot of attention worldwide from scientists, business people and authorities. The importance of the transition towards a more circular economy has also been noticed in the European Union. The new regulations provide the enabling framework for the circular economy to flourish. At the same time, although there is no standardized approach to creating a circular economy, while defining appropriate policies, care must be taken that they are suitable for particular industries. The limits of the present linear economy model (take-make-waste) are extremely apparent when examining the textile and clothing industry. The transition to a circular economy requires significant changes in both production and consumption models. This article uses a literature review and industry examples to identify and evaluate challenges faced by the clothing and textile industry in adapting to the circular economy model.
Predicting Cotton Fibre Maturity by Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Farooq Assad , Sarwar Muhammad Ilyas , Ashraf Muhammad Azeem , Iqbal Danish , Hussain Azmat , Malik Samander 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Cotton fibre maturity is the measure of cotton’s secondary cell wall thickness. Both immature and over-mature fibres are undesirable in textile industry due to the various problems caused during different manufacturing processes. The determination of cotton fibre maturity is of vital importance and various methods and techniques have been devised to measure or calculate it. Artificial neural networks have the power to model the complex relationships between the input and output variables. Therefore, a model was developed for the prediction of cotton fibre maturity using the fibre characteristics. The results of predictive modelling showed that mean absolute error of 0.0491 was observed between the actual and predicted values, which show a high degree of accuracy for neural network modelling. Moreover, the importance of input variables was also defined.
Different immunoreactivity of monomers and dimers makes automated free light chains assays not equivalent
Authors: Caponi Laura , Koni Elona , Romiti Nadia , Paolicchi Aldo , Franzini Maria 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
The automated immunochemical serum free light chains (FLC) assays, Freelite (a polyclonal antiserum) and N Latex FLC (a mixture of monoclonal antibodies), are not interchangeable, as they may provide different results on a same sample. This study was aimed to establish if the calibrators contain FLC oligomers, and if different reactivity against monomers and dimers contributes to the discrepancy.

Methods
Gel filtration chromatography fractions of the calibrators were subjected to a Western blot (WB) and analyzed by each reagent. The procedure was repeated after pretreating the N Latex FLC calibrator with the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT).

Results
Both calibrators contain FLC dimers and monomers. Both reagents detect (with different sensitivity) FLC kappa monomers and dimers; instead, Freelite detects only FLC lambda dimers, while N Latex FLC detects only FLC monomers. After DTT treatment, only the N Latex lambda still detects FLC with reduced protein thiols, while the reactivity of all other reagents is abolished.

Conclusions
Due to their different reactivity against FLC monomers and oligomers, the Freelite and N Latex FLC are calibrated against different components of their own calibrators, making the two reagents not equivalent. The redox status of FLC determines the immunoreactivity not only of FLC dimers, but also of the monomers.
The clinical significance of borderline results of the Elia CTD Screen assay
Authors: Robier Christoph , Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai Omid 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Data on the clinical relevance of borderline results of solid-phase assays in the screening for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are sparse. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance of borderline results of the Elia CTD Screen (ECS; Phadia/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Freiburg, Germany), a fluoroenzymeimmunoassay incorporating 17 recombinant human nuclear antigens.

Methods
We retrospectively examined the medical records of 143 subjects with borderline ECS results for ANA-associated autoimmune disorders (AASARD) and the association with the results of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and confirmatory assays for ANA.

Results
AASARD were diagnosed in 10 patients (7%) with systemic lupus erythematosus (n=5; four patients were prediagnosed and in clinical remission), polymyositis overlap syndromes (n=2), scleroderma, Raynaud’s syndrome and undetermined connective tissue disease (each n=1). Most frequently, homogeneous and nucleolar IIF patterns were found. Positive ANA subsets were observed in three patients. Furthermore, four patients were diagnosed with autoimmune liver diseases and yielded positive IIF in three and positive confirmatory assays in all cases. Taken together, 129 subjects had no AASARD. Within this group, 43 patients were IIF positive and most frequently showed speckled, unspecific nucleolar and only rarely homogeneous patterns. Positive ANA subsets were found in low concentrations near to the upper reference range in 18 subjects.

Conclusions
AASARD were observed in 7% of the subjects with borderline ECS and showed homogeneous or nucleolar IIF patterns in the majority of these cases. Our findings suggest that borderline results of the ECS can be clinically relevant and support the concept of a parallel or sequential screening for ANA by both ECS and IIF.
Comparative study of corrosion and corrosion-wear behavior of TiN and CrN coatings on UNS S17400 stainless steel
Authors: Olia Hossein , Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi Reza , Ashrafizadeh Fakhreddin , Ebrahimzadeh Iman 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) multilayered coatings with titanium nitride and chromium nitride top layers were deposited on UNS S17400 alloy in an attempt to improve the corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance of this stainless steel in corrosive environments. The coatings were produced in an industrial chamber by cathodic arc PVD on heat-treated and mechanically polished stainless steel specimens. The microstructures of the substrates and coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. To evaluate the corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance, reciprocating-sliding tribometer and electrochemical tests were conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that nitride coatings possess, in general, better corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance compared with bare S17400 substrates. Specimens with CrN top coating revealed a typical compact structure and superior corrosion resistance compared with substrate and TiN top coating. However, the sliding motion damaged the surface with some microcracks on the coating, which act as the diffusion channels for NaCl solution; both TiN and CrN top coats experienced approximately similar behavior in corrosion-wear open-circuit potential testing.
Beyond Dr. Google: the evidence on consumer-facing digital tools for diagnosis
Authors: Millenson Michael L. , Baldwin Jessica L. , Zipperer Lorri , Singh Hardeep 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Over a third of adults go online to diagnose their health condition. Direct-to-consumer (DTC), interactive, diagnostic apps with information personalization capabilities beyond those of static search engines are rapidly proliferating. While these apps promise faster, more convenient and more accurate information to improve diagnosis, little is known about the state of the evidence on their performance or the methods used to evaluate them. We conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed and gray literature for the period January 1, 2014–June 30, 2017. We found that the largest category of evaluations involved symptom checkers that applied algorithms to user-answered questions, followed by sensor-driven apps that applied algorithms to smartphone photos, with a handful of evaluations examining crowdsourcing. The most common clinical areas evaluated were dermatology and general diagnostic and triage advice for a range of conditions. Evaluations were highly variable in methodology and conclusions, with about half describing app characteristics and half examining actual performance. Apps were found to vary widely in functionality, accuracy, safety and effectiveness, although the usefulness of this evidence was limited by a frequent failure to provide results by named individual app. Overall, the current evidence base on DTC, interactive diagnostic apps is sparse in scope, uneven in the information provided and inconclusive with respect to safety and effectiveness, with no studies of clinical risks and benefits involving real-world consumer use. Given that DTC diagnostic apps are rapidly evolving, rigorous and standardized evaluations are essential to inform decisions by clinicians, patients, policymakers and other stakeholders.
Adsorption behavior of Cd2+ ions using hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder
Authors: Thi Thom Nguyen , Thi Mai Thanh Dinh , Thi Nam Pham , Thu Phuong Nguyen , Buess-Herman Claudine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Pollution of heavy metals in water can affect the health of humans and the environment; therefore, removal of heavy metal ions is getting the attention of scientists. To reduce the negative impact of heavy metals on human health and the environment, Cd2+ ions present in water were treated using hydroxyapatite (HAp) as adsorbent. The effects of contact time, initial Cd2+ concentration, solution pH, and adsorbent mass on the adsorption capacity and efficiency of HAp were investigated. Cd2+ uptake was quantitatively evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 119 mg/g. The experimental adsorption data were analyzed using three kinetic models: Lagergren’s pseudo-first-order law, McKay and Ho’s pseudo-second-order law, and the intra-particle diffusion model. The results showed that the Cd2+ removal process follows the pseudo-second-order law.
Vaporization heat of bound water in wood chemically modified via grafting and crosslinking patterns by DSC and NMR analysis
Authors: Guo Yingjie , Zhang Minghui , Xiao Zefang , Chen Haiou , Xie Yanjun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRadiata pine wood (W) was modified with acetic anhydride and glutaraldehyde (GA) resulting in WAcand WGAto various weight percent gains (WPGs), whereas in WActhe effect is due to grafting and in WGA, crosslinking. The heat of vaporization of bound water (BW) of the modified woods was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the mass loss (due to water loss) of the samples by thermogravimetry (TG). The temperature program was in both cases from 25 to 40°C with 10°C min−1. The adsorbed or condensed water in wood were observed via low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR). At a comparable WPG level, the LFNMR analysis showed that the interaction of water with WGAwas stronger than that with WAc. In both modified woods, a considerable reduction in the vaporization heat of BW was visible due to cell wall hydrophobization and bulking. The reduction of condensed water in micropores was lower for WGAthan WAc, probably because BW needs more energy to evaporate from the crosslinked stiff WGAcell walls.
Microencapsulation of Ammonium Bicarbonate by Phase Separation and Using Palm Stearin/Carnauba Wax as Wall Materials
Authors: Ding Baomiao , Zheng Quanhui , Pan Minhsiung , Chiou Yishiou , Yan Fengwei , Li Zhenshun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Ammonium bicarbonate microcapsules (AMBCMC) were prepared by phase separation method using palm stearin/carnauba wax (CNW) as wall materials. The morphology of AMBCMC showed that the microcapsules were mainly spherical shapes. DSC analysis results suggested that the microcapsule shells began melting at the temperature 47.9 °C, while the shells were thoroughly destructed at the temperature above 78.1 °C. The particle sizes of AMBCMC were chiefly distributed in the range of 30 ~ 300 μm. Ammonium bicarbonate (AMBC) in microcapsules was highly stable under different relative humidity, and AMBCMC was hardly damaged even at 95% relative humidity. The thermal stability of AMBC increased, while AMBC encapsulated in microcapsules still could decompose and release gas at 70 °C as well as free AMBC. Furthermore, AMBC encapsulated in microcapsules showed strong survivability in the presence of citric acid. The results indicated that the stability and compatibility of AMBC were effectively increased after microencapsulation.