bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1D Fibers and 2D Patterns Made of Quantum Dot‐Embedded DNA via Electrospinning and Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing
Authors: Arasu Velu , Hwang Sangyeon , Zhang Bin , Byun Doyoung , Park Sung Ha 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough DNA‐based 2D thin films are easily constructed, 1D fibers and 2D patterns made of DNA are seldom produced due to fabrication complexity. Here, the feasibility of constructing 1D fibers with various diameters and 2D patterns of any shape made of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTMA)‐modified DNA (CDNA, which serves as an ink) via electrospinning and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing, respectively is demonstrated. The tunable parameters in electrospinning and EHD jet printing systems (e.g., applied bias voltage (V), printing speed (S), and flowrate (F)) are evaluated and the photoluminescence characteristics, UV luminescence photographs, and confocal laser scanning microscope images of the 1D and 2D structures are analyzed. Based on the observations, the fiber diameter decreases as V increases for electrospinning. For EHD, the 1D line widths are inversely proportional to S and V and directly proportional to F. 2D free‐standing mats are also constructed by peeling the mats from the collector after completion of electrospinning. Finally, the QD‐embedded letters of “SKKU” are written on given substrates by an EHD system for verification of pattern drawing. The research gives perspective to construction of CDNA‐based functional scaffolds for bioengineering, stretchable fiber mats for flexible electronics, and direct printing of patterns for microchannel applications.
Biallelic COLGALT1 variants are associated with cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Miyatake Satoko , Schneeberger Sacha , Koyama Norihisa , Yokochi Kenji , Ohmura Kayo , Shiina Masaaki , Mori Harushi , Koshimizu Eriko , Imagawa Eri , Uchiyama Yuri , Mitsuhashi Satomi , Frith Martin C. , Fujita Atsushi , Satoh Mai , Taguri Masataka , Tomono Yasuko , Takahashi Keita , Doi Hiroshi , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Nakashima Mitsuko , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Takata Atsushi , Miyake Noriko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Tanaka Fumiaki , Ogata Kazuhiro , Hennet Thierry , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveApproximately 5% of cerebral small vessel diseases are hereditary, which include COL4A1/COL4A2‐related disorders. COL4A1/COL4A2 encode type IV collagen α1/2 chains in the basement membranes of cerebral vessels. COL4A1/COL4A2 mutations impair the secretion of collagen to the extracellular matrix, thereby resulting in vessel fragility. The diagnostic yield for COL4A1/COL4A2 variants is around 20 to 30%, suggesting other mutated genes might be associated with this disease. This study aimed to identify novel genes that cause COL4A1/COL4A2‐related disorders.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed in 2 families with suspected COL4A1/COL4A2‐related disorders. We validated the role of COLGALT1 variants by constructing a 3‐dimensional structural model, evaluating collagen β (1‐O) galactosyltransferase 1 (ColGalT1) protein expression and ColGalT activity by Western blotting and collagen galactosyltransferase assays, and performing in vitro RNA interference and rescue experiments.ResultsExome sequencing demonstrated biallelic variants in COLGALT1 encoding ColGalT1, which was involved in the post‐translational modification of type IV collagen in 2 unrelated patients: c.452 T > G (p.Leu151Arg) and c.1096delG (p.Glu366Argfs*15) in Patient 1, and c.460G > C (p.Ala154Pro) and c.1129G > C (p.Gly377Arg) in Patient 2. Three‐dimensional model analysis suggested that p.Leu151Arg and p.Ala154Pro destabilized protein folding, which impaired enzymatic activity. ColGalT1 protein expression and ColGalT activity in Patient 1 were undetectable. RNA interference studies demonstrated that reduced ColGalT1 altered COL4A1 secretion, and rescue experiments showed that mutant COLGALT1 insufficiently restored COL4A1 production in cells compared with wild type.InterpretationBiallelic COLGALT1 variants cause cerebral small vessel abnormalities through a common molecular pathogenesis with COL4A1/COL4A2‐related disorders. Ann Neurol 2018;84:843–853
Dynamic Expression Profiles of Sox9 in Embryonic, Post Natal, and Adult Heart Valve Cell Populations
Authors: Gallina Donika , Lincoln Joy 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTHeart valves are dynamic structures and abnormalities during embryonic development can lead to premature lethality or congenital malformations present at birth. The transcription factor Sox9 has been shown to be critical for early and late stages of valve formation, but its defined expression pattern throughout embryonic, post natal, and adult growth and maturation is incomplete. Here we use an antibody to detect 1‐100 amino acids of Sox9 and show that in the developing embryo, Sox9 is not detected in valve endothelial cells (VECs) lining the primitive valve structures, but is highly expressed in the endothelial‐derived valve interstitial cell population following endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transformation. Expression is maintained in this cell population after birth, but is additionally detected in VECs from post natal day 1. Using a specific antibody to detect a phosphorylated form of Sox9 at Serine 181 (pSox9), we note enrichment of pSox9 in VECs at post natal days 1 and 10 and this pattern correlates with the known upstream kinase RockI, and downstream target, Aggrecan. The contribution of Sox9 to post natal growth and maturation of the valve is not known, but this study provides insights for future work examining the differential functions of Sox9 protein in valve cell populations. Anat Rec, 302:108–116, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors for brain metastases in patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: An Ning , Jing Wang , Wang Haoyi , Li Ji , Liu Yang , Yu Jinming , Zhu Hui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBrain metastases (BM) are severe incidents in patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The controversial value of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in NSCLC in terms of survival benefit prompted us to explore the possible risk factors for BM in NSCLC and identify the potential population most likely to benefit from PCI. Risk factors for brain metastases in NSCLC are reviewed in this article. Identifying patients with a higher risk of BM could possibly increase the benefit of PCI while reducing the discomfort and risks caused by unnecessary invasive procedures in the NSCLC patient population. Future studies might focus on finding a solid basis for the prediction of the occurrence of brain metastases and for the therapeutic decision on the use of PCI.
Revascularization of coronary chronic total occlusions with subintimal tracking and reentry followed by deferred stenting: Experience from a high‐volume referral center
Authors: Goleski Patrick J. , Nakamura Kenta , Liebeskind Emily , Salisbury Adam C. , Grantham J. Aaron , McCabe James M. , Lombardi William L. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether a variation of an abandoned antegrade percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) technique, termed subintimal tracking and reentry (STAR), could be a safe and effective strategy to contend with complex coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) when other strategies fail.BackgroundComplex CTOs require advanced techniques such as the retrograde approach, which is associated with higher complication rates than antegrade strategies.MethodsThe medical records of 32 consecutive patients who underwent deferred stenting following STAR (DSS) between January 2015 and May 2017 at a high‐volume referral center were retrospectively reviewed. The primary endpoint was technical success at the time of a second procedure following STAR‐based balloon angioplasty, defined as successful stenting or the presence of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Study Group (TIMI) 3 flow with <50% residual stenosis if the vessel caliber was inappropriate for stenting.ResultsOf 781 CTO PCI procedures, STAR was performed in 45 (5.8%) and DSS in 32 (4.1%), constituting the analysis cohort. The median Japanese‐CTO score was 2.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.0–3.0]. Median inter‐procedure time was 2.4 months [1.7–3.3 months]. Technical success was achieved in 28 (88%) patients; 23 (72%) patients were treated with stents and 5 (16%) with balloon angioplasty alone. Combined complications included one clinical perforation, one MI, and one stent thrombosis.ConclusionsDeferred stenting after subintimal plaque modification via the STAR technique is a safe and effective strategy to contend with complex CTO lesions when other techniques are prohibitively high risk or have failed.
A Peptide Backbone Stapling Strategy Enabled by the Multicomponent Incorporation of Amide N‐Substituents
Authors: Ricardo Manuel G. , Marrrero Javiel F. , Valdés Oscar , Rivera Daniel G. , Wessjohann Ludger A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe multicomponent backbone N‐modification of peptides on solid‐phase is presented as a powerful and general method to enable peptide stapling at the backbone instead of the side chains. This work shows that a variety of functionalized N‐substituents suitable for backbone stapling can be readily introduced by means of on‐resin Ugi multicomponent reactions conducted during solid‐phase peptide synthesis. Diverse macrocyclization chemistries were implemented with such backbone N‐substituents, including the ring‐closing metathesis, lactamization, and thiol alkylation. The backbone N‐modification method was also applied to the synthesis of α‐helical peptides by linking N‐substituents to the peptide N‐terminus, thus featuring hydrogen‐bond surrogate structures. Overall, the strategy proves useful for peptide backbone macrocyclization approaches that show promise in peptide drug discovery.
The association between Medicare accountable care organization enrollment and breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening
Authors: Resnick Matthew J. , Graves Amy J. , Gambrel Robert J. , Thapa Sunita , Buntin Melinda B. , Penson David F. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundDespite the rapid diffusion of accountable care organizations (ACOs), the effect of ACO enrollment on cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) ACO enrollment was associated with changes in screening for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers.MethodsThe authors built a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries from 2006 through 2014 comprising 39,218,652 person‐years of observation before and 17,252,345 person‐years of observation after MSSP enrollment. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services attribution methodology was recapitulated; and screening services were identified for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer, implementing both sensitive and specific definitions of cancer screening. Adjusted difference‐in‐differences analyses were performed using linear regression to characterize changes in annual screening rates after ACO enrollment relative to contemporaneous changes in a non‐ACO control group of Medicare beneficiaries.ResultsMedicare beneficiaries attributed to ACO‐enrolled providers had higher rates of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening before enrollment. A 1.8% relative reduction in breast cancer screening was observed among women attributed to ACO providers (P < .0001), a 2.4% relative increase was observed in colorectal cancer screening (P = .0259), and a 3.4% relative reduction was observed in prostate cancer screening among men attributed to ACO providers (P = .0025) compared with contemporaneous changes in non‐ACO controls.ConclusionsSmall‐magnitude reductions were observed in breast and prostate cancer screening rates, and a small increase was observed in colorectal cancer screening associated with ACO enrollment. Although ACO enrollment does not appear to drive wholesale changes in cancer screening, small differences may map to meaningful changes in the epidemiology of screen‐detected cancers among Medicare beneficiaries.
A MnCo2O4@NiMoO4 Core‐Shell Composite Supported on Nickel Foam as a Supercapacitor Electrode for Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Tao , Shi Rui , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Zhenghua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA MnCo2O4@NiMoO4 composite was synthesized on nickel foam by a two‐step method. The composite has a core‐shell structure in which MnCo2O4 nanoneedles are wrapped by NiMoO4 nanoflakes. The MnCo2O4@NiMoO4/Ni foam is applied as a binder‐free electrode for supercapacitors and it achieves a specific capacitance of up to 1718 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and 84 % capacitance retention after 6000 charge‐discharge cycles. The capacitance of the MnCo2O4@NiMoO4 composite is much higher than MnCo2O4 nanoneedles and NiMoO4 nanoflakes alone. Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor is assembled by applying the MnCo2O4@NiMoO4/Ni foam as the positive electrode, activated carbon/Ni foam as the negative electrode. The hybrid supercapacitor reaches an energy density of up to 42.3 W h kg−1 at a power density of 797 W kg−1, a power density of 6256 W kg−1 at an energy density of 17.4 W h kg−1, and 86 % capacitance retention after 2000 charge‐discharge cycles. The results suggest that the rational design of electrode materials with such structure and composition is an effective strategy to improve electrochemical performance.
Hemodynamic Effects of Intravenous, High‐Dose Lipid Emulsion With and Without Metoprolol Infusion in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Petersen Kasper Meidahl , Bøgevig Søren , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Jensen Thomas Bo , Dalhoff Kim Peder , Henriksen Trine , Poulsen Henrik Enghusen , Christensen Mikkel Bring 
Published: November 2018

In a double‐blinded, randomized, crossover trial, we investigated the hemodynamic effects of high‐dose intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) with/without metoprolol. Ten healthy volunteers each completed 4 trial days (placebo + ILE; metoprolol + placebo; metoprolol + ILE; placebo + placebo) in random order. Metoprolol was administered as an initial bolus (10 mg), followed by an infusion (50 mg) from 5 to 30 minutes. ILE was administered as a bolus at 12.5 minutes (2.5 mL/kg), followed by a 15‐minute infusion (0.25 mL/kg per minute). On metoprolol + ILE days (compared with metoprolol + placebo) after 120 minutes, mean heart rates were significantly higher (difference, 5.5 beats per minute (bpm); 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.0–8.1 bpm; P < 0.001), and average relative cardiac output was higher (difference, 10 percentage points; 95% CI, 5–15 percentage points; P < 0.001). The hemodynamic effect of ILE developed gradually. ILE had no effect on plasma metoprolol or major adverse events. In conclusion, high‐dose ILE has relatively marginal and delayed hemodynamic effects that may have limited clinical relevance in the short‐term clinical toxicological setting.
Functional coordination between leaf traits and biomass allocation and growth of four herbaceous species in a newly established reservoir riparian ecosystem in China
Authors: Xiong Gaoming , Zhang Aiying , Fan Dayong , Ge Jielin , Yang Dan , Xie Zongqiang , Zhang Wangfeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe flood‐dry‐flood cycle in the reservoir riparian zone (RRZ) of the Three Gorges Dam has dramatically altered the riparian ecosystem structure and composition. Previous field studies have shown that leaf traits varied greatly and were restricted to the lower‐investment and faster‐return end of the global leaf spectrum, which are typical characteristics of fast‐growing species. However, it is unclear as to the mechanism underpinning the growth potential of these species and how it will respond to soil nutrient availability and temperature. Here, we linked the plant functional traits of four representative dominant C4 herbaceous species (Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cynodon dactylon and Hemarthria altissima) to their relative growth rates (RGR) under ambient and elevated temperatures, with different nitrogen and phosphorus levels, to explore the potential mechanism of species growth in the newly established reservoir riparian ecosystem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. We grew seedlings of these species in four open‐top chambers, with three levels of nutrient supplies under two temperature gradients (ambient temperature and an elevated temperature of 4°C). We found that the responses of the RGR and plant traits to soil N and P supply levels and temperature varied considerably among studied species. E. crusgalli displayed the lowest RGR associated with relatively low specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen content (LN), stem mass ratio (SMR), and high leaf mass ratio (LMR) and was less affected by soil N and P supply levels and temperature. C. dactylon and H. altissima showed the highest RGR compared to the other two species grown at the substrate of N = 0.4 mg/g, P = 0.2 mg/g at ambient air temperature, associated with a relatively high SMR, low LMR and low plant carbon content (PCC). However, the RGR advantage of the two species was diminished at elevated temperatures, while S. viridis showed the highest RGR compared to the other species. Across all datasets, the RGR had no association with the leaf area ratio (LAR) and SLA. The RGR also showed no significant relationships with the LN and leaf phosphorus content (LP). On the other hand, the RGR was captured adequately by the SMR, which can therefore be considered as a powerful functional marker of species’ functioning in this newly established reservoir riparian ecosystem. Our study provides some insight into the underlying mechanisms of species growth in reservoir riparian ecosystems.
Patterns of authorship in ecology and evolution: First, last, and corresponding authorship vary with gender and geography
Authors: Fox Charles W. , Ritchey Josiah P. , Paine C. E. Timothy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe position of an author on the byline of a paper affects the inferences readers make about their contributions to the research. We examine gender differences in authorship in the ecology literature using two datasets: submissions to six journals between 2010 and 2015 (regardless of whether they were accepted), and manuscripts published by 151 journals between 2009 and 2015. Women were less likely to be last (i.e., “senior”) authors (averaging ~23% across journals, years, and datasets) and sole authors (~24%), but more likely to be first author (~38%), relative to their overall frequency of authorship (~31%). However, the proportion of women in all authorship roles, except sole authorship, has increased year‐on‐year. Women were less likely to be authors on papers with male last authors, and all‐male papers were more abundant than expected given the overall gender ratio. Women were equally well represented on papers published in higher versus lower impact factor journals at all authorship positions. Female first authors were less likely to serve as corresponding author of their papers; this difference increased with the degree of gender inequality in the author's home country, but did not depend on the gender of the last author. First authors from non‐English‐speaking countries were less likely to serve as corresponding author of their papers, especially if the last author was from an English‐speaking country. That women more often delegate corresponding authorship to one of their coauthors may increase the likelihood that readers undervalue their role in the research by shifting credit for their contributions to coauthors. We suggest that author contribution statements be more universally adopted and that these statements declare how and/or why the corresponding author was selected for this role.
Testes mass in the livebearing fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora (Poeciliidae) varies hypoallometrically with body size but not between predation environments
Authors: Brown Haley N. , Gale Brittany Herrod , Johnson Jerald B. , Belk Mark C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, we considered potential causes of variation in testis size in the livebearing fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora. We evaluated variation in testes mass among individual males and among populations that occupy different selective environments. First, we predicted that small males should allocate more to testes mass than large males (i.e., hypoallometric pattern) based on a sperm competition argument. Second, based on life history theory and associated differences in mortality rates between populations that coexist with many fish predators and those with few predators, we predicted that males in high‐predation environments should allocate more to testes mass than males in habitats with few predators. Our results showed that small males allocated proportionally more to testes mass than larger males (slope of testes mass to body mass was hypoallometric). However, there was no effect of predator environment on testes mass independent of body size differences. In this system, size‐specific patterns of reproductive allocation in males (hypoallometry) differ from that seen in females (hyperallometry). Allocation to testes mass may respond to differences in mortality rate through selection on body size.
Evaluating effective population size and genetic diversity of a declining kit fox population using contemporary and historical specimens
Authors: Lonsinger Robert C. , Adams Jennifer R. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLoss of genetic diversity has serious conservation consequences (e.g., loss of adaptive potential, reduced population viability), but is difficult to evaluate without developing long‐term, multigenerational datasets. Alternatively, historical samples can provide insights into changes in genetic diversity and effective population size (Ne). Kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) are a species of conservation concern across much of their range. In western Utah, kit fox abundance has declined precipitously from historical levels, causing concern about population persistence. We analyzed genetic samples from museum specimens and contemporary scats to evaluate temporal changes in (a) genetic diversity and (b) Ne for kit foxes in western Utah, and (c) discuss our findings with respect to population risk and conservation. The Ne of kit foxes in western Utah has decreased substantially. When compared to established conservation thresholds for Ne (e.g., the 50/500 rule), observed levels suggest the population may be at risk of inbreeding depression and local extinction. In contrast, we found no significant decrease in genetic diversity associated with declining Ne. We detected evidence of low levels of immigration into the population and suspect genetic diversity may have been maintained by this previously undescribed gene flow from adjacent populations. Low or intermittent immigration may serve to temper the potential short‐term negative consequences of low Ne. We recommend that kit fox conservation efforts focus on evaluating and maintaining landscape connectivity. We demonstrate how historical specimens can provide a baseline of comparison for contemporary populations, highlighting the importance of natural history collections to conservation during a period of declining funding and support.