bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with disabling low back pain among nursing personnel at a medical centre in Japan: a comparative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yoshimoto Takahiko , Oka Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Shuhei , Kokaze Akatsuki , Muranaga Shingo , Matsudaira Ko 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesLow back pain (LBP) is a common cause of disability among nursing personnel. Although many studies regarding the risk factors for LBP among nursing staff have focused on the physical load at work, multidimensional assessments of risk factors are essential to identify appropriate preventive strategies. We aimed to investigate the association of multidimensional factors (individual, physical, psychological and occupational) with disabling LBP among nursing personnel in Japan.DesignObservational study with comparative cross-sectional design.SettingData were collected using the self-administered questionnaire at a tertiary medical centre.ParticipantsAfter excluding participants with missing variables, 718 nursing personnel were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresA self-administered questionnaire assessed individual characteristics, rotating night shift data, severity of LBP, previous episode of LBP, sleep problem, kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), depressive condition (K6), physical flexibility and frequency of lifting at work. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the factors associated with disabling LBP (LBP interfering with work) among nursing personnel.ResultsOf all participants, 110 (15.3%) reported having disabling LBP. The multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjustment for several confounding factors showed that kinesiophobia (highest tertile, adjusted OR (aOR): 6.13, 95% CI : 3.34 to 11.27), previous episode of LBP (aOR: 4.31, 95% CI: 1.50 to 12.41) and insomnia (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.62) were significantly associated with disabling LBP.ConclusionsThe present study indicated that kinesiophobia, a previous episode of LBP, and sleep problems were associated with disabling LBP among nursing personnel. In the future, workplace interventions considering assessments of these factors may reduce the incidence of disabling LBP in nursing staff, although further prospective studies are needed.
Female sex as a risk factor for ischaemic stroke varies with age in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wu Victor Chien-Chia , Wu Michael , Aboyans Victor , Chang Shang-Hung , Chen Shao-Wei , Chen Mien-Cheng , Wang Chun-Li , Hsieh I-Chang , Chu Pao-Hsien , Lin Yu-Shen 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesFemale sex is an inconsistent ischaemic stroke risk factor in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesised that the ischaemic stroke risk varies with age among women compared with men.MethodsWe retrieved the patients with newly diagnosed AF during 2001–2013 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with missing information, age <20 years, history of valvular heart disease and surgery, rheumatic heart disease, hyperthyroidism or anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet use were excluded. Propensity score matching (PSM) included patient comorbidities, medications and index date stratified by age and sex groups. Primary outcome was defined as ischaemic stroke at follow-up.ResultsAfter exclusion criteria, 87 369 men and 71 853 women remained for analysis (aged 73.1±14.4 years). After 1:1 PSM, we included 59 583 men (aged 73.5±13.7 years) and 59 583 women (aged 73.4±13.8 years) for analysis. We also stratified patients by age. The ischaemic stroke risk varied with age in women compared with men: lower in the ≤55 years (subdistribution HR (SHR)=0.75, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.90) and 56–65 years (SHR=0.87, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.98) groups, neutral in the 66–75 years group (SHR=1.01, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.08) and adverse in the >75 years group (SHR=1.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.19).ConclusionsThe female/male ischaemic stroke risk ratio varied with age. Only women aged >75 years had a higher risk, whereas women aged <65 years had a lower risk compared with men. These findings challenge the ‘sex category’ component of the CHA2DS2-VASc score, used to make decision regarding anticoagulation treatment in AF patients.
A 10% blood pressure drop from baseline during mechanical thrombectomy for stroke is strongly associated with worse neurological outcomes
Authors: Valent Arnaud , Sajadhoussen Amard , Maier Benjamin , Lapergue Bertrand , Labeyrie Marc-Antoine , Reiner Peggy , Consoli Arturo , Fischler Marc , Gayat Etienne , Leguen Morgan 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke can be performed under local anesthesia, with or without conscious sedation (CS), or under general anesthesia (GA). The hemodynamic consequence of anesthetic drugs may explain why GA may be associated with worse outcomes. We evaluated the association between hypotension duration during MT and the 90 day functional outcome under both anesthetic regimens.MethodsPatients were included in this retrospective study if they had an ischemic stroke treated by MT under GA or CS. The main exposure variable was the time below 90% of the reference value of arterial pressure measured before MT. The primary outcome was poor functional outcome defined as a 90 day modified Rankin Score ≥3.Results371 patients were included in the study. GA was performed in 42%. A linear association between the duration of arterial hypotension and outcome was observed. The odds ratio for poor functional outcome of 10 min under 90% of the baseline mean arterial pressure was 1.13 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.21) without adjustment and 1.11 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.21) after adjustment for confounding factors. The functional outcome was poorer for patients treated under GA compared with CS, but the association with the depth of hypotension remained similar under both conditions.ConclusionIn this study, we observed a linear association between the duration of hypotension during MT and the functional outcome at 90 days. An aggressive and personalized strategy for the treatment of hypotension should be considered. Further trials should be conducted to address this question.
Bose–Einstein condensation of dressed photons in a nonlinear optical microcavity
Authors: Cheng Ze 
Published: September 2019

Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of dressed photons in a Kerr nonlinear optical microcavity is investigated. Our experimental scheme is based on an optical microcavity filled with a Kerr nonlinear nonpolar crystal. The pump photons interact with the Raman phonons in the crystal and hence are converted into new quasiparticles, which we refer to as dressed photons. A dressed photon is a photon dressed with a cloud of virtual transverse-optical phonons. The first main finding is that two-dimensional (2D) dressed photons have an increased inert mass. The second main finding is that the lower cutoff frequency of a nonlinear optical microcavity becomes larger. The third main finding is that the incident laser intensity is a moderate laser intensity ([Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text] W/cm2). The fourth main finding is that the critical optical power of a nonlinear optical microcavity is increased. The fifth main finding is that the radiation emitted by 2D dressed photons has an ultrahigh intensity.
Effects of surface roughness on self-excited cavitating water jet intensity in the organ-pipe nozzle: Numerical simulations and experimental results
Authors: Han Xiangdong , Kang Yong , Li Deng , Zhao Weiguo 
Published: September 2019

This study was conducted to investigate effects of surface roughness on self-excited cavitating water jet intensity in an organ-pipe nozzle. Roughness average (Ra) values are 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.3, 12.5, and 25 [Formula: see text]m, respectively. Numerical simulation results indicate that at inlet pressure of 10 MPa, the maximum, minimum, and real-time pressures in the self-excited oscillation chamber reach their respective peak values. The turbulent kinetic energy intensity in the external flow region is also most intense at this point, the vapor volume fraction in orifice is the highest, the vortex distribution scope in the orifice is the largest under [Formula: see text], and the self-excited cavitating water jet intensity is the strongest. The opposite variations emerge at [Formula: see text] compared to those of [Formula: see text], where the intensity is weakest. Pressure varies only slightly as Ra varies from 0.8 [Formula: see text]m to 6.3 [Formula: see text]m. Turbulent kinetic energy intensity behaves similarly as Ra increases from 0.8 [Formula: see text]m to 3.2 [Formula: see text]m. At [Formula: see text], it was weaker than at Ra = 0.8–3.2 [Formula: see text]m. Similarly, there are only slight differences in vapor volume fraction and vortex distribution scope with Ra from 0.8 [Formula: see text]m to 6.3 [Formula: see text]m. The intensities at Ra = 0.8–3.2 [Formula: see text]m are similar, and weaker at Ra = 6.3 [Formula: see text]m. Pressure values are maximal at inlet pressure of 20 MPa, turbulent kinetic energy intensity is most intense, vapor volume fraction is highest, vortex distribution scope is largest under [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m, and intensity is strongest. Distinctions among pressure, turbulent kinetic energy intensity, vapor volume fraction, and vortex distribution scope values with Ra from 0.8 [Formula: see text]m to 3.2 [Formula: see text]m are slight. Differences in the corresponding intensities are also slight; all decrease with Ra from 12.5 [Formula: see text]m to 25 [Formula: see text]m as the intensity gradually weakens. Numerical simulation results were validated by comparison against corresponding experimental phenomena.
Effect of Erbium doping on GaN electronic and optical properties: First-principles study
Authors: Lantri M. , Boukortt A. , Meskine S. , Abbassa H. , Cherif Y. Benaissa , Zaoui A. 
Published: September 2019

In this work, we studied the electronic and optical properties of [Formula: see text] with a concentration [Formula: see text]. Based on a first-principle calculation and using the FP-LAPW full-linearized augmented plane wave method, to see the doping phenomenon with Erbium (Er) [Formula: see text], we used the three approximations: local spin density approximation (LSDA), the LSDA[Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is the Hubbard potential and the Becke–Johnson modification (mBJ). Our results show that the values of the structural parameters increase with the substitution of Ga by the Erbium atom. The analysis of the electronic structures in this study shows that the Er-doped GaN has a semi-metallic ferromagnetic character with the LSDA and mBJ approximations and a semiconductor behavior when we apply the Hubbard potential [Formula: see text]. The real and imaginary part of the dielectric function, refractive index, and extinction coefficient are also calculated and presented in the photon energy range up to 14 eV. In the optical spectrum, the intensity of the absorption coefficient is observed in the imaginary part of both doped and undoped GaN in the ultraviolet regions.
Micro-structured optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid filling
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Zhen , Li Shuguang , Wang Shun 
Published: September 2019

A novel micro-structured fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid (MF) filling is proposed. The air hole radius in the cladding of fiber is reduced from inner layer to outer layer, and the numerical analysis is performed by the finite element method (FEM). For the [Formula: see text]-pol mode, the proposed sensor has an average sensitivity of 960.61 pm/Oe, and for the [Formula: see text]-pol mode, the average sensitivity can reach 884.85 pm/Oe. The sensor has the advantages of small size and high sensitivity and is competitive in magnetic field sensors.
The nature and significance of sand intrusions in a hydrocarbon-rich fold and thrust belt: Eastern Carpathians Bend Zone, Romania
Authors: Tamas Alexandra , Tamas Dan Mircea , Krezsek Csaba , Schleder Zsolt , Palladino Giuseppe , Bercea Razvan 
Published: September 2019

Sand intrusions are commonly associated with hydrocarbon-bearing clastic reservoirs and they can host a significant part of the reserves. They modify the depositional sandbody architecture, and can have an impact on the petroleum system elements. Their significance and complex architecture is difficult to assess in the subsurface due to limited resolution of seismic or core data. Outcrop analogues are key to better understand these complex reservoirs.
In the Eastern Carpathians Bend Zone, the Oligocene and lower Miocene succession offer spectacular exposures of deep-water siliciclastic rocks modified by remobilization and sand-intrusion processes. These rocks are also present in producing fields in this area.

Sills can be as thick as the depositional sandstones (
c.
4 m), and sill-dominated outcrops can provide a net:gross (net sandstone to shale ratio) of about 35–50%. We quantified their architecture, in a study of the timing and mechanism of emplacement, their relationship to regional tectonics and their impact on reservoir connectivity. The intrusions are interpreted to be syn-tectonic, related to the major mid-Miocene compression in this part of the Carpathian Mountain Belt.

The intrusions lead to a large increase in vertical and horizontal connectivity. Our results will help to improve reservoir characterization and production in these reservoirs.
Slow Endogenous Fluctuations in Cortical fMRI Signals Correlate with Reduced Performance in a Visual Detection Task and Are Suppressed by Spatial Attention
Authors: Bressler David W. , Rokem Ariel , Silver Michael A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Spatial attention improves performance on visual tasks, increases neural responses to attended stimuli, and reduces correlated noise in visual cortical neurons. In addition to being visually responsive, many retinotopic visual cortical areas exhibit very slow (&lt;0.1 Hz) endogenous fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. To test whether these fluctuations degrade stimulus representations, thereby impairing visual detection, we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging responses while human participants performed a target detection task that required them to allocate spatial attention to either a rotating wedge stimulus or a central fixation point. We then measured the effects of spatial attention on response amplitude at the frequency of wedge rotation and on the amplitude of endogenous fluctuations at nonstimulus frequencies. We found that, in addition to enhancing stimulus-evoked responses, attending to the wedge also suppressed slow endogenous fluctuations that were unrelated to the visual stimulus in topographically defined areas in early visual cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and lateral occipital cortex, but not in a nonvisual cortical control region. Moreover, attentional enhancement of response amplitude and suppression of endogenous fluctuations were dissociable across cortical areas and across time. Finally, we found that the amplitude of the stimulus-evoked response was not correlated with a perceptual measure of visual target detection. Instead, perceptual performance was accounted for by the amount of suppression of slow endogenous fluctuations. Our results indicate that the amplitude of slow fluctuations of cortical activity is influenced by spatial attention and suggest that these endogenous fluctuations may impair perceptual processing in topographically organized visual cortical areas.
Significant genetic differences among Heterodera schachtii populations within and among sugar beet production areas
Authors: Nuaima Rasha Haj , Roeb Johannes , Hallmann Johannes , Daub Matthias , Heuer Holger 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Characterising the non-neutral genetic variation within and among populations of plant-parasitic nematodes is essential to determine factors shaping the population genetic structure. This study describes the genetic variation of the parasitism gene vap1 within and among geographic populations of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Forty populations of H. schachtii were sampled at four spatial scales: 695 km, 49 km, 3.1 km and 0.24 km. DGGE fingerprinting showed significant differences in vap1 patterns among populations. High similarity of vap1 patterns appeared between geographically close populations, and occasionally among distant populations. Analysis of spatially sampled populations within fields revealed an effect of tillage direction on the vap1 similarity for two of four studied fields. Overall, geographic distance and similarity of vap1 patterns of H. schachtii populations were negatively correlated. In conclusion, the population genetic structure was shaped by the interplay between the genetic adaptation and the passive transport of this nematode.
Size–Distance Scaling With Absolute and Relative Auditory Distance Information
Authors: Yamasaki Daiki , Ashida Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the dynamic 3D space, it is critical for survival to perceive size of an object and rescale it with distance from an observer. Humans can perceive distance via not only vision but also audition, which plays an important role in the localization of objects, especially in visually ambiguous environments. However, whether and how auditory distance information contributes to visual size perception is not well understood. To address this issue, we investigated the efficiency of size–distance scaling by using auditory distance information that was conveyed by binaurally recorded auditory stimuli. We examined the effects of absolute distance information of a single sound sequence (Experiment 1) and relative distance information between two sound sequences (Experiment 2) on visual size estimation performances in darkened and well-lit environments. We demonstrated that humans could perform size–distance disambiguation by using auditory distance information even in darkness. Curiously, relative distance information was more efficient in size–distance scaling than absolute distance information, suggesting a high reliance on relative auditory distance information in our visual spatial experiences. The results highlight a benefit of audiovisual interaction for size–distance processing and calibration of external events under visually degraded situations.
A review of the antimicrobial side of antidepressants and its putative implications on the gut microbiome
Authors: McGovern Abigail S , Hamlin Adam S , Winter Gal 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the predominant treatment for major depressive disorder. In recent years, the diversity of the gut microbiota has emerged to play a significant role in the occurrence of major depressive disorder and other mood and anxiety disorders. Importantly, the role of the gut microbiota in the treatment of such disorders remains to be elucidated. Here, we provide a review of the literature regarding the effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the gut microbiota and the implications this might have on their efficacy in the treatment of mood disorders. Methods: First, an estimation of gut serotonin reuptake inhibitor concentrations was computed based on pharmacokinetic and gastrointestinal transit properties of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Literature regarding the in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial properties of serotonin reuptake inhibitors was gathered, and the estimated gut concentrations were examined in the context of these data. Computer-based investigation revealed putative mechanisms for the antimicrobial effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Results: In vivo evidence using animal models shows an antimicrobial effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the gut microbiota. Examination of the estimated physiological concentrations of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the gastrointestinal tract collected from in vitro studies suggests that the microbial community of both the small intestine and the colon are exposed to serotonin reuptake inhibitors for at least 4 hours per day at concentrations that are likely to exert an antimicrobial effect. The potential mechanisms of the effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the gut microbiota were postulated to include inhibition of efflux pumps and/or amino acid transporters. Conclusion: This review raises important issues regarding the role that gut microbiota play in the treatment of mood-related behaviours, which holds substantial potential clinical outcomes for patients suffering from major depressive disorder and other mood-related disorders.
Airport Security Screener Problem-Solving Knowledge and Implications
Authors: Swann Levi , Popovic Vesna , Blackler Alethea , Thompson Helen 
Published: September 2019

Objective This research investigates security screeners’ knowledge and the effect that differences in knowledge have on the performance of problem-solving activities. We argue that the development of problem-solving knowledge enables security screeners to perform effective problem-solving activity, which assists search and decision-making processes. Background Airport security screening research has investigated the many variables that affect security screeners’ search and decision making during simulated threat-detection tasks. Although search and decision making are essential aspects of security screening, few studies have investigated the problem-solving knowledge and activities that support security screening task performance. Method Sixteen more-experienced and 24 less-experienced security screeners were observed as they performed x-ray screening in the field at an Australian international airport’s departure security checkpoint. Participants wore eye-tracking glasses and delivered concurrent verbal protocol. Results When interacting with other security screeners, more-experienced screeners demonstrated situational knowledge more than less-experienced screeners, whereas less-experienced screeners experienced more insufficient knowledge. Lag-sequential analysis using combined data from both screener groups showed that situational knowledge facilitated effective problem-solving activity to support search and decision making. Insufficient knowledge led screeners to seek assistance and defer decision making. Conclusion This study expands current understandings of airport security screening. It demonstrates that security screeners develop knowledge that is specific to problem solving. This knowledge assists effective problem-solving activity to support search and decision making, and to mitigate uncertainty during the x-ray screening task. Application Findings can inform future security screening processes, screener training, and technology support tools. Furthermore, findings are potentially transferable to other domains.
The Relationship of Ankyloglossia With Gender in Children and the Ideal Timing of Surgery in Ankyloglossia
Authors: Ata Nurdoğan , Alataş Necat , Yılmaz Esra , Adam Ayşe Bülbül , Gezgin Bahri 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition that restricts tongue mobility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between gender and pediatric ankyloglossia and evaluate the planning of ideal timing of surgery. Methods: The files of pediatric patients in the Turkish population treated surgically for tongue-tie between June 2014 to June 2018 were scanned retrospectively. Results: Three hundred and eighty-two pediatric patients were included in the study. Of these, 115 (30.1%) were female and 267 (69.9%) were male. The prevalence of ankyloglossia was significantly higher in males than in females ( P < .001). The age of the patients at time of surgery ranged from 1 day to 114 months. The most common indication was sucking/feeding difficulties (82%) in patients younger than 2 years, and the most common symptom was speech problems (67%) in patients aged 2 years and older. Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of ankyloglossia in Turkish society was significantly higher in males. Frenectomy surgery is a safe procedure that can be performed on the first day of life in newborns.