bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjusting to new employment landscapes: Consequences of precarious employment for young Australians
Authors: Chesters Jenny , Cuervo Hernan 
Published: February 2019

As economies transition from industrial to post-industrial, the types of jobs available and employment conditions change. Research indicates that youth employment has been negatively impacted by these changes. For young people seeking to enter the labour market, particularly those combining employment and study, precarious employment has become the norm. However, precarious employment is, for many, no longer a stepping stone on the path to permanent employment. Many young Australians, even those with higher education qualifications, experience prolonged periods of precarious employment. To examine how new employment landscapes are experienced by young workers, we conduct analysis of data collected by the Life Pattern Project, a longitudinal mixed-methods study. Our results show that precarious employment is related to lower levels of job satisfaction and autonomy in young adulthood. JEL Codes: J20, J28, J41
Needle revision outcomes after glaucoma filtering surgery: survival analysis and predictive factors
Authors: Rabiolo Alessandro , Marchese Alessandro , Bettin Paolo , Monteduro Davide , Galasso Mario , Dolci Maria Paola , Di Matteo Federico , Fiori Marina , Ciampi Carlo , Bandello Francesco 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of needle revision and examine factors predictive of failure. Methods: In total, 157 eyes of 131 patients that underwent needle revision augmented with either 5-fluorouracil or betamethasone for trabeculectomy failure were included in this retrospective study. Complete failure was defined as additional glaucoma surgery, ciliodestructive procedures, loss of light perception, sight-threatening complications, hypotony maculopathy, and surgical bleb revision. Success was defined as intraocular pressure ⩽ 18 (criterion A), ⩽15 (criterion B), and ⩽12 mmHg (criterion C) reached with (qualified) or without (complete) medications, and absence of any criteria of complete failure. Results: The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 25.0 (41.0) months. Complete failure rates were 19%, 26%, and 31% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. For criterion A, qualified and complete success rates were, respectively, 77% and 69% at 1 year, 66% and 51% at 2 years, and 60% and 47% at 3 years. For criterion B, qualified and complete success rates were, respectively, 67% and 61% at 1 year, 48% and 42% at 2 years, and 44% and 39% at 3 years. For criterion C, qualified and complete success rates were, respectively, 43% and 41% at 1 year, 27% and 25% at 2 years, and 24% and 23% at 3 years. High baseline intraocular pressure and primary surgery were associated with higher and lower risks of complete failure, respectively. Conclusion: Needle revision is an effective and safe procedure to rescue failing trabeculectomy postponing or avoiding further glaucoma surgery. Eyes with low target intraocular pressure may have poor long-term outcomes.
Trade Impacts of South Asian Free Trade Agreements in Sri Lanka
Authors: Taguchi Hiroyuki , Rubasinghe Don Chalani Imasha 
Published: February 2019

This article aims to examine the trade effects of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) with a focus on Sri Lanka, by applying a gravity trade model. The study targets the following three FTAs: the SAFTA, the India–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISFTA), and the Pakistan–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (PSFTA). The outcomes of the gravity trade model estimation suggested that the trade creation effects were identified in the ISFTA, while those were not verified in the SAFTA and that the PSFTA had the trade creation effects only on the Sri Lankan imports. Those results seem to reflect the differentials in the preferential tariff rates. In particular, ISFTA could have the predominant positive effects on Sri Lankan trade flows due to its lowest preferential tariff rates, and thus the SAFTA effect might be crowded out at the current stage of Sri Lankan trade. JEL: F13, F14, O53
Fostamatinib for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Connell Nathan T. , Berliner Nancy 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Fostamatinib is a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in patients without adequate response to at least 1 prior line of therapy. This article reviews fostmatinib’s mechanism of action and its clinical safety and efficacy in 2 industry-sponsored multicenter phase 3 randomized controlled trials in North America, Australia, and Europe (FIT1 and FIT2). Cost comparisons are discussed as well as the role of fostamatinib in relation to other options for chronic ITP.
Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European LeukemiaNet
Authors: Sanz Miguel A. , Fenaux Pierre , Tallman Martin S. , Estey Elihu H. , Löwenberg Bob , Naoe Tomoki , Lengfelder Eva , Döhner Hartmut , Burnett Alan K. , Chen Sai-Juan , Mathews Vikram , Iland Harry , Rego Eduardo , Kantarjian Hagop , Adès Lionel , Avvisati Giuseppe , Montesinos Pau , Platzbecker Uwe , Ravandi Farhad , Russell Nigel H. , Lo-Coco Francesco 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Since the comprehensive recommendations for the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) reported in 2009, several studies have provided important insights, particularly regarding the role of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in frontline therapy. Ten years later, a European LeukemiaNet expert panel has reviewed the recent advances in the management of APL in both frontline and relapse settings in order to develop updated evidence- and expert opinion–based recommendations on the management of this disease. Together with providing current indications on genetic diagnosis, modern risk-adapted frontline therapy, and salvage treatment, the review contains specific recommendations for the identification and management of the most important complications such as the bleeding disorder APL differentiation syndrome, QT prolongation, and other all-trans retinoic acid– and ATO-related toxicities, as well as recommendations for molecular assessment of the response to treatment. Finally, the approach to special situations is also discussed, including management of APL in children, elderly patients, and pregnant women. The most important challenges remaining in APL include early death, which still occurs before and during induction therapy, and optimizing treatment in patients with high-risk disease.
Potentiation of complement regulator factor H protects human endothelial cells from complement attack in aHUS sera
Authors: Pouw Richard B. , Brouwer Mieke C. , de Gast Marlon , van Beek Anna E. , van den Heuvel Lambertus P. , Schmidt Christoph Q. , van der Ende Arie , Sánchez-Corral Pilar , Kuijpers Taco W. , Wouters Diana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMutations in the gene encoding for complement regulator factor H (FH) severely disrupt its normal function to protect human cells from unwanted complement activation, resulting in diseases such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). aHUS presents with severe hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal disease, leading to end-stage renal failure. Treatment of severe complement-mediated disease, such as aHUS, by inhibiting the terminal complement pathway, has proven to be successful but at the same time fails to preserve the protective role of complement against pathogens. To improve complement regulation on human cells without interfering with antimicrobial activity, we identified an anti-FH monoclonal antibody (mAb) that induced increased FH-mediated protection of primary human endothelial cells from complement, while preserving the complement-mediated killing of bacteria. Moreover, this FH-activating mAb restored complement regulation in sera from aHUS patients carrying various heterozygous mutations in FH known to impair FH function and dysregulate complement activation. Our data suggest that FH normally circulates in a less active conformation and can become more active, allowing enhanced complement regulation on human cells. Antibody-mediated potentiation of FH may serve as a highly effective approach to inhibit unwanted complement activation on human cells in a wide range of hematological diseases while preserving the protective role of complement against pathogens.
Leptin Receptor Signaling in Sim1-Expressing Neurons Regulates Body Temperature and Adaptive Thermogenesis
Authors: Cakir Isin , Diaz-Martinez Myriam , Lining Pan Pauline , Welch E Brian , Patel Sachin , Ghamari-Langroudi Masoud 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Leptin signals to regulate food intake and energy expenditure under conditions of normative energy homeostasis. The central expression and function of leptin receptor B (LepRb) have been extensively studied during the past two decades; however, the mechanisms by which LepRb signaling dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity remains unclear. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance as well as the neuroendocrine axes. The role of LepRb expression in the PVN in regard to the regulation of physiological function of leptin has been controversial. The single-minded homolog 1 gene (Sim1) is densely expressed in the PVN and in parts of the amygdala, making Sim1-Cre mice a useful model for examining molecular mechanisms regulating PVN function. In this study, we characterized the physiological role of LepRb in Sim1-expressing neurons using LepRb-floxed × Sim1-Cre mice. Sim1-specific LepRb-deficient mice were surprisingly hypophagic on regular chow but gained more weight upon exposure to a high-fat diet than did their control littermates. We show that Sim1-specific deletion of a single LepRb gene copy caused decreased surface and core body temperatures as well as decreased energy expenditure in ambient room temperatures in both female and male mice. Furthermore, cold-induced adaptive (nonshivering) thermogenesis is disrupted in homozygous knockout mice. A defective thermoregulatory response was associated with defective cold-induced upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue and reduced serum T4. Our study provides novel functional evidence supporting LepRb signaling in Sim1 neurons in the regulation of body weight, core body temperature, and cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis.
“Die Amerikanerin Scolds!”
Authors: Houwink ten Cate Lotte 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article, based on unpublished materials from the Scholem Library at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the digitized Arendt Papers at the New School, New York, seeks to illuminate Hannah Arendt and Gershom Scholem’s long friendship, their exchange about Eichmann in Jerusalem, and especially the publication of this exchange. Although Scholem had mixed views on Eichmann in Jerusalem, he suppressed his more positive assessments while crafting his first letter to Arendt so as to write the most critical reaction he could muster. Arendt was not aware that Scholem intended to have their private communication published in both the Jewish and the Gentile, and European and American, worlds, and she was unpleasantly surprised when she discovered that Scholem had alerted his friend Isaiah Berlin to this correspondence, and that Berlin had acted as a go-between with the London-based magazine Encounter.
Statelessness, Refugees, and Hospitality
Authors: Kattago Siobhan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs the war in Syria and the destruction of the Calais camp in France in 2016 bitterly demonstrate, declarations of human rights and asylum devolve into empty promises without a common sense of solidarity and an implicit understanding that we share responsibility for the world and one another. Today’s refugee crisis demonstrates that many of the problems that Hannah Arendt identified during the first half of the twentieth century are still with us. National security and the state of exception increasingly place refugees and migrants at the borders of international law. This article argues that Immanuel Kant’s Perpetual Peace and Arendt’s postwar reflections on the stateless as modern pariahs continue to frame current debates on hospitality, human rights, and responsibility. Without a recognition of our common humanity and shared world, sovereign states will continue to find exceptions to the legal status of refugees and migrants, thus enabling their exclusion from political life and the very laws that should protect them. Falling outside human rights law and the rights of refugees leads to the uncertainty of the pariah.
Secularization between Faith and Reason
Authors: Griffioen Sjoerd 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The contemporary “postsecularism debate” has reintroduced the problem of the relation between modernity and religion to philosophy. In this context, attention is also paid to earlier debates on secularization—notably, the Löwith-Blumenberg debate—in the hope that it will illuminate the contemporary discussion. This article contends that such an endeavor would first require a critical reinvestigation of this debate to correct two widespread misinterpretations: that Hans Blumenberg “decisively refuted” Karl Löwith and that their positions are more similar than their polemic suggests. The debate should be seen as an unresolved dispute between incompatible philosophical positions, in which Löwith represents a “Stoic retreat” from modernity and Christianity and Blumenberg a modest defense of modernity against the metaphysical burden of its Christian past.
Financial Market Misconduct and Public Enforcement: The Case of Libor Manipulation
Authors: Gandhi Priyank , Golez Benjamin , Jackwerth Jens Carsten , Plazzi Alberto 
Published: February 2019

Using comprehensive data on London Interbank Offer Rate (Libor) submissions from 2001 through 2012, we provide evidence consistent with banks manipulating Libor to profit from Libor-related positions and to signal their creditworthiness during distressed times. Evidence of manipulation is stronger for banks that were eventually sanctioned by regulators and disappears for all banks in the aftermath of the Libor investigations that began in 2010. Our findings suggest that the threat of large penalties and the loss of reputation that accompany public enforcement can be effective in deterring financial market misconduct. This paper was accepted by Adams, Renee, finance.
A Study of the Effects of Certificate of Need Law on Inpatient Occupancy Rates
Authors: Paul Jomon A. , Ni Huan , Bagchi Aniruddha 
Published: February 2019

Increasing healthcare costs and the deterioration of healthcare quality have always been major concerns to policy makers in the United States, and Certificate of Need (CON) law has been implemented as one way to curb wasteful healthcare resource use. From a theoretical standpoint, CON can lead to a reduction in the number of beds as well as in the number of inpatient days (possibly by shortening the length of patient stay). However, these two effects impact inpatient occupancy rate in opposite directions. We test empirically to find out which of these two effects dominate. In this study, we investigate the impact of CON and its stringency (which is different across states with CON laws) on the inpatient occupancy rate using panel data, and we find that, on average, CON legislation reduces occupancy rate in inpatient units. Our tests evaluating CON and its features for endogeneity fail to obtain statistical support. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2018.0228 .
The role of resilient coping in dementia carers' wellbeing
Authors: Jones Susan May , Killett Anne , Mioshi Eneida 
Published: February 2019

Background: Carers of people with dementia are at risk of psychological distress. However, some carers experience positive outcomes and resilient coping may account for this variance in carers' wellbeing. Aims: To assess the role of resilient coping in dementia carers' wellbeing. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of carers measured resilient coping, depression, anxiety, stress and burden. First, group comparisons between carers with high, medium and low resilient coping were made. Next, mediation analyses were conducted to identify if resilient coping was a mediator in the relationships between carer wellbeing and distress. Findings: Carers (n=110) were aged 30–80+ years; 66% female; 72% provided 40+ hours care per week; 23% were highly resilient. Highly resilient carers report significantly less distress than low resilient carers. Resilient coping was a partial mediator in the relationships between wellbeing and depression, anxiety, stress and burden. Conclusions: Interventions promoting or maintaining resilient coping may reduce morbidity in family carers.
The application of occlusion in clinical practice part 3: practical application of the essential concepts in clinical occlusion
Authors: Banerji Subir , Mehta Shamir 
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Parts 1 and 2 of this series of articles addressed the clinical assessment of a patient's occlusal scheme and, where indicated, noted the appropriate occlusal records required to permit further evaluations to take place. This article will focus on the clinical application of the principles discussed previously. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Following the assessment and recording of the static and dynamic intra-occlusal relationships, the application of the outcomes to achieve a long-term functional result is necessary to appreciate the relevance in clinical scenarios of the determinants, and their interaction is described.
Action civics education and civic outcomes for urban youth: An evaluation of the impact of Generation Citizen
Authors: Cohen Alison K. , Littenberg-Tobias Joshua , Ridley-Kerr Abby , Pope Alexander , Stolte Laurel C. , Wong Kenneth K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In action civics education, an emerging promising practice, students learn civics through taking action on a community issue of interest. We examine the action civics programme Generation Citizen (GC) using quantitative and qualitative student survey data. Our quantitative analyses used a quasi-experimental study design and a multilevel model. Participation in GC was associated with increased action civics knowledge, and there were some variations in impact by programme and classroom characteristics. We also qualitatively analysed students’ short reflections upon programme completion and found that students feel more prepared for civic action. Action civics shows promise for improving student civic outcomes, but more research, including longitudinal follow-up, is needed. Given the variations in impact that we observed, action civics practitioners should carefully choose the implementation setting.
Personality and Resilience as Determinants of Psychological Well-being among Military Children
Authors: Sharma Nity , Nagle Yashwant Kumar 
Published: February 2019

The military children are a population who are susceptible to psychological stress from the hardships of military life, such as frequent moves and separation from their parents during deployment. Military children are resilient as well as stress prone at the same time. Whilefrequent moves build resilience, combat deployments of their parents makes them vulnerable to the risks associated with psychological and emotional health, attachment problems and coping while overcoming traumatic grief due to death of a family member. The risk is highestright after the military personnel leaves for deployment and immediately upon return. In order to understand the psychological health of children of military personnel, it is important to understand their resilience and personality in relation to psychological well-being. In addition to being a personal trait, resilience is a product of the relationships between children and the resources around them. Despite needs to better understand the impact of deployment on military children and families and to provide proper support for them, rigorous research is deficient. A comprehensive approach based on strengths and problems, of military children and families, with a focus on the prevention, is the need of the hour. The present paper focuses on study of personality and resilience as determinants of psychological well-being. The study was conducted on military children (N= 124) of Army Public School, using HEXACO-PI, Brief Resilience Scale and Psychological Wellbeing Scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results and implications are discussed in the paper. Issues in need of further research are emphasized, especially research into programs that assist military children and families.
A Trump Effect? Women and the 2018 Midterm Elections
Authors: Lawless Jennifer L. , Fox Richard L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFrom the moment Donald Trump took the oath of office, women’s political engagement skyrocketed. This groundswell of activism almost immediately led to widespread reporting that Trump’s victory was inspiring a large new crop of female candidates across the country. We rely on a May 2017 national survey of “potential candidates” and the 2018 midterm election results to assess whether this “Trump Effect” materialized. Our analysis uncovers some evidence for it. Democrats – especially women – held very negative feelings toward Trump, and those feelings generated heightened political interest and activity during the 2018 election cycle. That activism, however, was not accompanied by a broad scale surge in women’s interest in running for office. In fact, the overall gender gap in political ambition today is quite similar to the gap we’ve uncovered throughout the last 20 years. Notably, though, about one quarter of the Democratic women who expressed interest in running for office first started thinking about it only after Trump was elected. That relatively small group of newly interested candidates was sufficient to result in a record number of Democratic women seeking and winning election to Congress. With no commensurate increase in Republican women’s political engagement or candidate emergence, however, prospects for gender parity in US political institutions remain bleak.