bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Potential of Betulin and Betulinic Acid: Mechanistic Insights From In Vitro, In Vivo and Clinical Studies
Authors: Nemli Elifsu , Saricaoglu Beyza , Kirkin Celale , Ozkan Gulay , Capanoglu Esra , Habtemariam Solomon , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Calina Daniela 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBetulin is a bioactive compound found in large quantities in birch bark and has a triterpene pentacyclic structure. Through the oxidation of betulin, betulinic acid is obtained, which is found in large quantities in nature. Betulin and betulinic acid have multiple pharmacological properties such as antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This comprehensive review aims to deepen the knowledge of the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of betulin and betulinic acid by presenting in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evaluating the anticancer mechanisms of betulin, betulinic acid, and their derivatives. The databases searched using specific MESh terms to conduct this review were PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, TRIP database, Wiley, and Scopus. The anticancer properties of betulin and betulinic acid have been reported in a variety of experimental pharmacological studies using different types of cancer cell lines. It has been indicated that induction of apoptosis is the primary anticancer activity of these compounds by selectively affecting cancer cells. As shown by various research, the apoptotic cell death by these compounds is mainly related to factors such as type of cancer and cancer cell line, tumor size, source of betulin/betulinic acid, dose, treatment time, and the type of the drug delivery system employed. Numerous preclinical pharmacological studies and clinical trials on the chemopreventive and antitumour effects of betulin, betulinic acid, and their derivatives have been published. Future translational pharmacological studies establishing the exact anticancer dose effective in humans are needed.
Photoinduced Energy Transfer via an Atropisomeric Molecular Bridge
Authors: Lotter Dominik , Huber Annika , Wellauer Joël , Wenger Oliver S. , Sparr Christof 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAtropisomeric scaffolds offer the possibility to predictably position donor and acceptor groups in specific spatial relationships. Herein, a configurationally stable 1,2’‐binaphthyl linkage was employed to place a ruthenium(II) tris‐(2,2’‐bipyridine) complex in proximity to an anthracene moiety to explore how photoinduced triplet‐triplet energy transfer can proceed across this type of molecular bridge. An efficient synthesis provided the ruthenium(II)‐anthracene dyad with high yields, which allowed to determine characteristic features for the intramolecular energy transfer.
Hypogammaglobulinemia at Diagnosis is Associated With Inferior Survival and Higher Risk of Infections in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lindberg Åsa , Johansson Åsa , Kahn Fredrik , Jönsson Göran , Jerkeman Mats 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThere are some evidences that hypogammaglobulinemia in newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a predictor for inferior outcome, but the risk for infection‐related admissions specifically related to hypogammaglobulinemia is not known. The aim was to explore if hypogammaglobulinemia in untreated DLBCL in a Swedish cohort was associated with inferior outcome, and to assess the relationship between low immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and infections. Using data from the Swedish Lymphoma Register, we retrospectively identified patients above18 years diagnosed with DLBCL, receiving anthracycline‐based curative therapy during 2000–2015 in Southern Sweden with Ig‐levels tested at baseline. Data on Ig levels and infections were collected from medical records. Five hundred eighty‐five patients were included, median age was 69 years. Hypogammaglobulinemia was detected at baseline in 24%, the most common Ig deficiency was IgG (18%), followed by IgA (10%) and IgM (8%). Hypogammaglobulinemia was associated with inferior overall survival (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.8, p‐value 0.018), but not when adjusted for International Prognostic Index (IPI). Low levels of Ig were associated with more infections during lymphoma treatment (p‐value 0.013), also when adjusted for IPI (p‐value < 0.001). Among patients with IgG deficiency, 47% had ≥ 1 infections versus 35% in patients with normal IgG (HR 1.2, p = 0.025). In conclusion, hypogammaglobulinemia was a frequent finding in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL, with clinical impact in terms of treatment complications and outcome.
Virtual Reality Versus Simulation in the Management of Trauma Based Scenarios—A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmad Manal , Tran Mi‐Tra , Ahmad Basma , Kavallieros Konstantinos , Shalhoub Joseph , Davies Alun Huw 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSimulation allows trainees to practice skills safely. It is the current gold standard method of teaching. More recently, novel methods such as virtual reality and augmented reality are being explored as possible alternative methods.AimsTo evaluate the current evidence pertaining to simulation and virtual reality as methods of teaching in teaching trauma management.MethodsMedline and Embase (via Ovid interface) were used to search for articles up to April 2023. A combination of the following MeSH terms were employed in the primary search string ‐ “virtual reality,” “simulation,” “surgery,” “trauma,” and “medical education.”Results3815 studies were initially identified. After de‐duplication, 2648 articles were screened using Covidence. Forty articles underwent full text review. Thirteen studies were included in the final review with a pooled total of 489 participants. Significant heterogeneity exists in the range of participants, scenarios and parameters assessed. The overall self‐reported perception of VR as a teaching modality is positive and is well accepted however objective assessment and validation is needed.ConclusionVR can be useful for training and evaluation of trauma‐based scenarios. It is a useful adjunct but is unlikely to replace simulation at present. More robust and replicable studies with larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate the long‐term integration of virtual reality and augmented reality into the medical and surgical teaching curriculum.
The Effect of Job Skills and Job Burnout on Job Satisfaction Among Health Information Management Staff
Authors: Shojaei Baghini Mahdie , SepehryRad Dorsa , Miri Fatemeh , Asadi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe health information management department faces multiple challenges such as multiple tasks, high workload, role ambiguity and conflict, and work pressure. In addition, informatics and health information technology tools are continuously used in this sector. Based on studies, the use of information technology affects job burnout and job satisfaction. Since no similar study has been conducted in the health information management department, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between job skills, job burnout, and job satisfaction in health information management departments.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, the sample consisted of 201 personnel from the health information management department. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the participants. Data was gathered by using a questionnaire and visiting the selected hospitals in Kerman and Zahedan. For data analysis, SPSS 20 and SmartPLS 3 were used. PLS path models are fundamentally composed of the measurement and the structural model. To evaluate the measurement model, the formative measurement model tests were evaluated. Also, the hypotheses test, VIF, and CV‐Red tests were used to evaluate the structural model. Then, the evaluation of the quality and suitability of the model was evaluated with the model fit test.ResultsThe results showed that positive and significant job skills were associated with job satisfaction and a negative and significant relationship with job burnout. Also, job burnout does not play an intermediary in this context. In addition, the CV‐RED values for all three variables were the moderate range. The SRMR value of 0.120, which is in the medium to high range, indicates an adequate fit of the model.ConclusionThese findings provide useful information for decision‐makers and human resource managers in the health sector and suggest practical strategies for reducing job burnout and increasing job satisfaction among health information management staff.
Multidimensional Approach of Genotype and Phenotype in Stroke Etiology: The MAGPIE Study
Authors: Ranjan Redoy , Adhikary Dipannita , Barman Shanto , Islam Md. Shuktarul , Ken‐Dror Gie , Yusuf Md. Abdullah , Moureen Adneen , Hakim Maliha , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsStroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. It is estimated that genetic determinants account for around 40%–60% of its etiology, similar to environmental factors. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the genetic, environmental, and clinical risk factors in stroke patients from Bangladesh.MethodsThe MAGPIE (Multidimensional Approach of Genotype and Phenotype In Stroke Etiology) study is a population‐based case‐control study that will allow a hypothesis‐free genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors associated with adult stroke (age ≥ 18 years) in Bangladesh. This study will collect detailed phenotypic data as well as blood samples from stroke patients and control subjects. High‐molecular‐weight genomic DNA will be isolated and archived using Qiagen DNA isolation kits.ResultsWe will utilize SPSS v28.0, vR‐4.3.2 and gPLINK v2.0 software to analyse the study variables, as appropriate. Further, appropriate statistical tests will be applied to test the significance level between study groups. As applicable, data will be presented in tables and graphs, such as Manhattan plots and Quantile‐Quantile (QQ) plots. A p < 0.05 will be considered as statistical significance.ConclusionThis will be the first large‐scale carefully phenotyped biobank of Bangladeshi stroke patients which will enable a GWAS enabling an understanding of the association between gene‐phenotype risk factors which has the potential to revise and refine national stroke guidelines.
Guillain‐Barré Syndrome in Africa: Understanding, Addressing, and Empowering
Authors: Kantawala Burhan , Uwishema Olivier , Minova Anamarija , Babuya Jonathan , Wodajo Essey Ketema , Asri Sucharu , Wojtara Magda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGuillain‐Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a spectrum of peripheral neuropathies characterized by rapid symmetrical limb weakness and sensory symptoms. GBS can be life‐threatening and requires intensive care, particularly for patients with imminent respiratory failure. In Africa, limited research and high therapy costs pose challenges. This literature review aims to comprehensively address GBS in Africa to improve understanding and outcomes.AimThis literature review aims to provide an extensive overview of GBS in Africa, encompassing its clinical presentation, impact, management approaches, and challenges faced. It also highlights the need for increased research and awareness to enhance patient care and outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive review of existing literature on GBS in Africa was conducted, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and its impact on patients and communities. Data sources included medical databases, research articles, and reports. Data was scoured from databases such as PubMed, Medline and Embase. A total of four hundred and fifty‐five articles and case studies were screened, with broader topic margins into GBS and different triggers, demographics, statistics, and variations in treatments across the world. These articles were further screened to match our inclusion criteria which focused on articles published after 2000 and which gave clearer insights into the presentations and situation of GBS in the African continent.ResultsGBS in Africa is characterized by a range of clinical presentations, with limited diagnostic resources and healthcare infrastructure. Patients often face long intervals between symptom onset and hospitalization, impacting outcomes. The syndrome's impact extends beyond physical symptoms, affecting patients' quality of life, employment, and community roles. Management involves immunotherapy, physiotherapy, and psychosocial support, but high therapy costs and incomplete recovery pose challenges. Research in Africa has grown in recent years but remains limited compared to other regions. Efforts are needed to expand research capacity, introduce early screening programs, and improve healthcare infrastructure.ConclusionGBS presents a significant healthcare challenge in Africa, with the potential for severe clinical outcomes. This literature review underscores the importance of enhancing research, awareness, and healthcare infrastructure. African‐led research initiatives offer hope for improved patient outcomes and healthcare system strengthening. By advocating for increased government support and resources, Africa can address the pressing needs of GBS patients and foster a brighter and healthier future for affected individuals on the continent.
Quantitative Classification of Spring Discharge Patterns: A Cluster Analysis Approach
Authors: Seelig Magdalena , Seelig Simon , Vremec Matevž , Wagner Thomas , Brielmann Heike , Eybl Jutta , Winkler Gerfried 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSprings provide critical water resources that are sensitive to changing climate and catchment processes. In many regions, understanding the temporal variability and spatial distribution of spring discharge is therefore crucial for sustainable water management. Knowledge of these discharge characteristics, organised in a coherent framework, is essential for protecting spring water and preventing shortages. To establish such a framework, we conducted a comparative analysis of long‐term discharge records from 96 springs across Austria. Based on discharge seasonality and autocorrelation, we derived a broad‐scale classification through cluster analysis and explored associations between individual clusters. The identified similarities in discharge patterns were grouped into four distinct spring categories, each demonstrating common behaviour. To determine the main factors influencing discharge across these four groups, we compared their spatial and temporal patterns with regional climate and catchment characteristics. They align with physical drivers of spring discharge, including precipitation frequency and intensity, snow cover duration, and dominant aquifer type. As these factors were not included in the classification procedure, their alignment supports the validity of our statistical approach. We conclude that the quantitative information derived from this analysis provides a valuable complement to traditional spring classification schemes, which are often based on qualitative knowledge. Our proposed strategy refines these classification approaches, enhances objectivity and reproducibility, and promotes conformity across hydrological disciplines.
Mother‐Infant Covariation of Positive and Negative Emotions Across the Day
Authors: Hibel Leah C. , Liu Siwei , Boyer Chase 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn a sample of 110 Mexican‐origin infants (M = 7.24 months; SD = 2.06; range, 3.78–13.04 months; 58% male) we examined the bidirectional covariation of mother and infant positive and negative emotions across the day. Further, we examined maternal emotion regulation as a potential moderator of the linkage between mother‐infant emotions. Using an Ecological Momentary Assessment design, mothers reported their positive and negative emotions three times a day, for 6 days. Analyses employed a multi‐level modelling approach to examine moment‐to‐moment covariation. Results indicated both mother and infant negative emotions, and mother and infant positive emotions significantly covary. Interestingly, maternal emotion regulation did not moderate either the covariation of negative or positive mother‐infant emotion. These analyses represent one of the first examinations of daily covariation in mother‐infant dyadic emotion.
Investigating the Impact of Chronical Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Fetal Vascular Development Across Pregnancy Stages Using Photoacoustic Tomography
Authors: Yang Hao , Tanvir Md Farhan , Jiang Huabei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a major contributor to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), resulting in neurodevelopmental abnormalities. This study utilizes photoacoustic tomography (PAT) to investigate the effects of PAE on fetal brain vasculature in mice. PAT imaging was conducted from embryonic Day 10 (E10) to Day 20 (E20), aimed to compare two alcohol‐exposed groups with a control group. Key vascular parameters, including blood vessel diameter and density, and oxygen saturation (sO2), were analyzed. Results show significant reductions in vessel size and density, as well as reduced sO2 levels, in alcohol‐exposed groups, especially from E14 onward, compared to controls. These findings underscore the vulnerability of the fetal brain to alcohol exposure during early development and highlight the potential of PAT as a valuable tool for investigating FASD‐related vascular changes.
Longer time between anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction is associated with a greater risk of medial meniscus injury
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Zhenning , Li Baoqiang , Wu Hao , Pan Liping , Zhang Daojian , Cao Yongping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of delaying reconstruction following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on the risk of meniscal injury and subsequent meniscectomy, the study was carried out. This constitutes the first study of its kind to be conducted in China.MethodsThis study collected data on patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction surgery at Peking University First Hospital between 2010 and 2022. Patient's injury details, including the time and cause of ACL injury, surgery date and meniscal injury details, were recorded. Patients were stratified into distinct cohorts based on the duration between injury and reconstruction. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of a delayed reconstruction time on the risk of meniscal injury and meniscectomy.ResultsThe study involved patients with an average age of 34.1 ± 11.3 years. Nearly half of the patients (49.74%) had meniscal injuries. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender and the time from ACL trauma to surgery were significantly associated with meniscus injury (p < 0.01). Men have a higher risk of meniscus damage than women (p < 0.01, odds ratio: 1.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.23–3.05). Patients who had surgery 12 months after injury had a significantly increased risk of meniscus injury compared to those who had surgery within 3 months after injury (p < 0.01). The time from ACL injury to operation was significantly correlated with medial meniscus injury (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between time to ACL reconstruction and lateral meniscus injury (p > 0.05). Age was significantly associated with the risk of medial meniscectomy (p > 0.05). Time from injury to surgery was not significantly associated with the risk of lateral meniscectomy (p > 0.05).ConclusionsDelayed reconstruction beyond 12 months after ACL rupture increases the risk of medial meniscus injury. The risk of meniscus injury after ACL injury is higher in men than in women, and the risk of medial meniscectomy increases with age.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Thin‐Plate Spline Interpolation Spatial Modelling of GNSS Retrieved Water Vapour Over Northeast Japan
Authors: Ansari Kutubuddin , Walo Janusz , Wezka Kinga , Marjanska Dorota , Jamjareegulgarn Punyawi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe study investigated precipitable water vapour (PWV) variation over Northeast Japan by using more than two decades (2000 to 2022) of measurements. These data have been extracted from 36 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks and interpolated with thin‐plate spline interpolation to understand its spatial variation over the region. PWV annual and seasonal variation is studied and correlated with ERA5 reanalysis observations. These PWV variation shows that the northern part of Northeast Japan which is located at higher latitudes showed a smaller magnitude compared to PWV magnitude in the southern part of low latitudes. This is possible because the cold air is drier and the warm air holds more moisture in the lower southern part. The correlation coefficient variation based on geographical area is visible which quantifies the consistency between GNSS PWV and ERA5 and visualises the effects in sampling. The southern part, where the correlation coefficients are very high (more than 0.80), indicates good agreements between GNSS PWV and ERA5 values and can be considered well‐sampled observations. Moreover, the correlation coefficients drop the values to approximately 0.40–0.60 for poorly sampled observations on the northern coast, pointing out the interannual inconsistency of PWV measurements, which are loosely related to ERA5 observations. Finally, the correlation coefficient between PWV with surface temperature and atmospheric pressure over Northeast Japan is investigated. This is clear from the results that the correlation coefficient between PWV and temperature is around 0.98 for each site, indicating that PWV has a very high dependency on surface temperature. The correlation coefficient between PWV and pressure is highly negative around −0.80, indicating their inverse relationship. We believe the outcomes from this study will contribute to a better understanding of PWV over Japan and the future refinements of atmospheric models over the East Asian region.