bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
If you build it, they will go: A case study of stream fish diversity loss in an urbanizing riverscape
Authors: Perkin Joshuah S. , Murphy Shannon P. , Murray Christopher M. , Gibbs W. Keith , Gebhard Amy E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Stream fish diversity is threatened by anthropogenic environmental alterations to landscapes, and successful conservation requires knowledge of the processes that degrade diversity. A primary step in identifying diversity losses is the comparison between historical and contemporary states of landscapes and fish assemblages, but uncertainty remains regarding the appropriate spatial scales of investigation.
Historical data collected in 1976 were paired with two years of contemporary replication (2015, 2016) to assess fish diversity change at 10 sites in Blackburn Fork, TN, USA. Analyses focused on a nested hierarchy of spatial scales, including sampling sites (fine scale), nested within stream orders (intermediate scale), nested within the entire catchment (broad scale). Diversity change between 1976 and 2015–16 was assessed using traditional diversity metrics (site scale) and rarefaction (stream‐order scale), whereas spatial variation in contemporary diversity (2015–16) was assessed with nonmetric multidimensional scaling (catchment scale).
At the site scale, locations on the east side of Blackburn Fork and in close proximity to developed land experienced diversity loss. At the stream‐order scale, the effective number of species declined in first‐order streams where land development was concentrated, but no consistent species losses occurred in other stream orders. At the catchment scale, assemblages responded significantly to stream size but not land use, perhaps because diversity was already homogenized by 2015–16. Mapping 40 years of land‐use change across the catchment underscored a pattern of spatial alignment between developed lands and stream fish diversity loss.
This study highlights the benefits of considering multiple spatial scales when assessing historical change in stream fish assemblages, and highlights stronger inference derived from historical comparisons relative to contemporary space‐for‐time substitutions. This framework combines recent analytical advances in rarefaction with a riverscape perspective, and can be applied to conserve streams, and their biota, in riverscapes around the world.
Comparison of 1‐Ethyl‐5H‐tetrazole and 1‐Azidoethyl‐5H‐tetrazole as Ligands in Energetic Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Wurzenberger Maximilian H. H. , Gruhne Michael S. , Lommel Marcus , Szimhardt Norbert , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnergetic coordination compounds (ECC) based on 3d or 4d transition metals show promising characteristics to be used as potential replacements for highly toxic lead‐containing primary explosives. Herein we report the synthesis of 12 new ECC based on 1‐azidoethyl‐5H‐tetrazole (AET) or 1‐ethyl‐5H‐tetrazole (1‐ETZ) as nitrogen‐rich ligands as well as various central metals (Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ag+) and anions such as perchlorate and nitrate. The influence of the increased endothermicity by adding an additional azide group was studied by comparing analogous ECC based on AET and 1‐ETZ. Furthermore, the compounds were extensively analyzed by XRD, IR, EA, solid‐state UV/Vis, and DTA as well as their sensitivities toward impact and friction were determined with BAM standard techniques, together with their sensitivity against electrostatic discharge. The sensitivities were compared with the one toward ball drop impact measurements. Classical initiation tests (nitropenta filled detonators) and ignition by laser irradiation highly prove the potential use of the most promising compounds in lead‐free initiation systems.
Unterschiedliche Berechnungsverfahren für die Berechnung der Wärmeströme erdberührter Bauteile
Authors: Lipovcic Dejan , Hafellner Hans , Kautsch Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEin Gebäude verliert einen nicht zu vernachlässigenden Teil seiner Wärme über die erdberührten Bauteile. Diese Wärmeverluste sind zwar nicht so groß wie jene von den Bauteilen, die an Außenluft angrenzen, dennoch spielen sie eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ermittlung des Gesamtwärmverlustes eines Gebäudes. Der Wärmestrom, der von den beheizten Bereichen über die erdberührten Bauteile zur Außenluft fließt, erfährt eine Dämpfung. Den wesentlichen Einfluss auf diese Dämpfung hat die dämmende und speichernde Wirkung des Erdreiches. Deswegen treten zeitliche Verzögerungen auf. Es ist von großer Bedeutung, diese Einflüsse bei der Berechnung des Wärmestromes von erdberührten Bauteilen zu berücksichtigen. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist, die Ergebnisse der Berechnung von Wärmeverlusten über das Erdreich nach EN ISO 13370 mit jenen aus zwei‐ und dreidimensionalen Simulationen zu vergleichen. Die Wärmeverluste für die indirekte Methode mit ψg‐Werten nach EN ISO 13370 wurden einerseits anhand von Monatsmitteltemperaturen mit den Formeln, anderseits unter Verwendung sinusförmiger Temperaturschwankung und mit Hilfe von zweidimensionalen Wärmebrückenprogrammen berechnet. Drei verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche wurden untersucht und analysiert: nicht unterkellert, konditionierter Keller und unkonditionierter Keller. Weiterhin wurden für diese Systeme unterschiedliche Bauteilaufbauten definiert. Mit dieser Betrachtungsweise wurden die Einflüsse der wärmetechnischen Qualität der erdberührten Bauteile auf die Wärmeverluste analysiert. Außerdem wurden die Sockeldetails der nicht unterkellerten Systeme in unterschiedlichen Varianten untersucht, um den wesentlichen Einfluss der Einbausituation auf die Wärmeverluste festzustellen.
Two validated chromatographic determinations of an antifungal drug, its toxic impurities and degradation product: A comparative study
Authors: Abdelaleem Eglal A. , Abdelrahman Maha M. , Ali Nouruddin W. , Emam Raghda A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTolnaftate, a thionoester anti‐fungal drug, was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis to produce methyl(m‐tolyl)carbamic acid and β‐naphthol (tolnaftate impurity A). N‐Methyl‐m‐toluidine, tolnaftate impurity D, was synthesized and structurally elucidated along with tolnaftate alkaline degradation products using IR, H1NMR and MS. Two stability‐indicating HPTLC and RP‐HPLC methods were developed and validated, for the first time, for determination of tolnaftate, its alkaline degradation products and toxic impurities in the presence of methyl paraben, as a preservative in Tinea Cure® cream. The proposed HPTLC method depended on separation of the studied components on TLC silica gel F254 plates using hexane–glacial acetic acid (8:2, v/v) as a developing system and scanning wavelength of 230 nm. The proposed RP‐HPLC method was based on separation of the five components on an Eclipse plus C18 column. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile–water containing 1% ammonium formate (40:60, v/v), with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength of 230 nm. The proposed methods allowed the assay of tolnaftate toxic impurities, β‐naphthol and N‐methyl‐m‐toluidine, down to 2%, allowing tracing of β‐naphthol that could be absorbed by the skin causing systemic toxic effects, unlike tolnaftate, indicating the high significance of such determination. International Conference on Harmonization guidelines were followed for validation.
Concomitant medication use and clinical outcome of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Hunter Aimee M. , Minzenberg Michael J. , Cook Ian A. , Krantz David E. , Levitt Jennifer G. , Rotstein Natalie M. , Chawla Shweta A. , Leuchter Andrew F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is commonly administered to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients taking psychotropic medications, yet the effects on treatment outcomes remain unknown. We explored how concomitant medication use relates to clinical response to a standard course of rTMS.MethodsMedications were tabulated for 181 MDD patients who underwent a six‐week rTMS treatment course. All patients received 10 Hz rTMS administered to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with 1 Hz administered to right DLPFC in patients with inadequate response to and/or intolerance of left‐sided stimulation. Primary outcomes were change in Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (IDS‐SR30) total score after 2, 4, and 6 weeks.ResultsUse of benzodiazepines was associated with less improvement at week 2, whereas use of psychostimulants was associated with greater improvement at week 2 and across 6 weeks. These effects were significant controlling for baseline variables including age, overall symptom severity, and severity of anxiety symptoms. Response rates at week 6 were lower in benzodiazepine users versus non‐users (16.4% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.008), and higher in psychostimulant users versus non‐users (39.2% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.02).ConclusionsConcomitant medication use may impact rTMS treatment outcome. While the differences reported here could be considered clinically significant, results were not corrected for multiple comparisons and findings should be replicated before clinicians incorporate the evidence into clinical practice. Prospective, hypothesis‐based treatment studies will aid in determining causal relationships between medication treatments and outcome.
POLG R964C and GBA L444P mutations in familial Parkinson's disease: Case report and literature review
Authors: Hsieh Pei‐Chen , Wang Chun‐Chieh , Tsai Chia‐Lung , Yeh Yuan‐Ming , Lee Yun Shien , Wu Yih‐Ru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolymerase gamma (POLG) is an enzyme responsible for the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in POLG may cause variable clinical manifestations, including parkinsonism, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. However, mutations of this gene are rare in patients with typical Parkinson's disease (PD). We report a man (current age: 59 years) without any underlying disease presenting with right‐hand tremor at the age of 39 years, followed by slow movement, rigidity, and postural instability. He developed motor fluctuation and levodopa‐induced dyskinesia 8 years later. At the age of 58 years, cognitive decline and visual hallucination ensued; he was institutionalized thereafter. We used multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, which demonstrated no large deletions or duplications of relevant PD genes. Next, targeted sequencing panel covering 51 genes causative for PD was applied for the proband; it revealed a heterozygous missense substitution R964C in POLG and a heterozygous missense substitution L444P in GBA. The patient's father, who had been diagnosed as having PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus at the age of 70 years, demonstrated identical mutations. This is the first report of familial PD combined with POLG R964C and GBA L444P mutations. Two pathogenic gene mutations potentially cause double hit in pathological neurodegeneration. This finding extends our understanding of the PD genotype–phenotype correlation.
Stigma against false confessors impacts post‐exoneration financial compensation
Authors: Kukucka Jeff , Evelo Andrew J. 
Published: April 2019

False confessors are stigmatized more than other exonerees. Traditional theories of stigma suggest that this difference may result from confessors being seen as more responsible for their own wrongful conviction. In the current study, we examined an important tangible consequence of stigma against false confessors—namely, that it might impede their ability to win financial restitution in post‐exoneration civil lawsuits. Mock jurors (N = 129), recruited online, read a case summary in which an exoneree is seeking damages after being wrongly convicted due to a false confession or eyewitness misidentification, which either did or did not result from police misconduct. When the exoneree falsely confessed in the absence of police misconduct, mock jurors rated him as most responsible for his own conviction and expressed the most doubt over his actual innocence. Contrary to legal criteria, they also awarded him smaller compensatory and punitive damage awards. Notably, the false confessor was seen as more responsible than the misidentified exoneree even if his interrogation was highly coercive. In turn, false confessors who were seen as more responsible received smaller damage awards. Implications for trial procedure and exoneree compensation are discussed.
Tungsten‐Nitride‐Coated Carbon Nanospheres as a Sulfur Host for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Honghong , Shen Hangjia , Li Rongrong , Liu Siqi , Turak Ayse , Yang Minghui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries have attracted wide attention, owing to their outstanding properties such as high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, and non‐toxic nature. However, the low conductivity of the sulfur cathode and its shuttling effects are still a challenge for the energy‐storage system. In this work, we describe a potential solution to address this challenge, using carbon nanospheres encapsulated in a tungsten nitride (WN) layer, interconnected with WN nanorods. After successfully synthesizing this composite in situ by using a straightforward method, we applied it as the sulfur host for lithium‐sulfur batteries. The results demonstrate a strong chemical trapping ability of the WN shell towards lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and a strong electron‐transfer ability of the WN nanorods. Together, these effects alleviate LiPSs′ shuttling from carbon nanospheres (CNS) and give rise to a high sulfur content (70 wt %) in the as‐prepared S/WN‐CNS material. When compared to traditional S/N‐CNS electrodes, the tuned S/WN‐CNS cathodes deliver an outstanding electrochemical performance, including a high initial capacity of 1351 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and superior long‐term cycling stability with 80 % retention of the initial capacity with 3 mg cm−2 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C. As such, a high specific capacity, excellent rate capacity, and long cycling stability are achieved. Our approach provides a path to a broad class of high‐performance Li‐S battery applications based on nanostructured WN materials.
Structured Polyaniline: An Efficient and Durable Electrocatalyst for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media
Authors: Yu Jiali , Li Jian , Zhu Xiaojuan , Zhang Xiaoxue , Jia Kun , Kong Wenhan , Wei Peipei , Chen Hongyu , Shi Xifeng , Asiri Abdullah M. , Li Quan , Sun Xuping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNH3 production vastly relies on the Haber‐Bosch process, causing high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. Electrochemical N2 fixation is considered as an eco‐friendly and sustainable process, but its efficiency depends greatly on the activity and stability of the catalyst used. Therefore, it is imperative to develop efficient electrocatalysts in the field of nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). In this communication, we propose that structured polyaniline is an efficient metal‐free NRR electrocatalyst in aqueous solution, achieving a NH3 yield rate of 5.45×10−11 mol s−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 3.76 % at −0.70 and −0.60 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M HCl, respectively. Furthermore, it also possesses high selectivity and stability.
Chemistry at High Dilution: Dinuclear 99 mTc Complexes
Authors: Bolliger Robin , Frei Angelo , Braband Henrik , Meola Giuseppe , Spingler Bernhard , Alberto Roger 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe formation of di‐ or polynuclear complexes at nanomolar concentrations is generally too slow to be observed with 99mTc. It is reported in this communication that an appropriate choice of potentially bridging ligands, herein thiols HS‐R, accelerates the dimerization reaction to an extent that dinuclear complexes are formed at very high dilution. The dinuclear nature of [99mTc2(μ2‐SR)3(CO)6]− is shown by chromatographic comparison, not only with its rhenium homologue as commonly done, but also with the true 99Tc analogue.
Steady‐State and Time‐Resolved Optical Properties of Multilayer Film of Titanium Dioxide Sandwiched by Gold Nanoparticles and Gold Thin Film
Authors: Yanagiya Shin‐ichiro , Takahata Toshihiko , Yoshitani Yuki , Kawakami Retsuo , Furube Akihiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe proposed metal‐insulator (MI) and metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) structures of titanium dioxide (TiO2) sandwiched by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) layer and gold sputtered thin film (only for the MIM film) to couple localized plasmon mode of AuNP with multi‐reflection mode and/or cavity resonator mode of TiO2. The optical extinctions of MI and MIM with differing TiO2 thickness were studied theoretically by finite‐element method simulation and experimentally by optical spectrometry. The extinction peaks of MI and MIM shifted by exchanging the surrounding medium from air to TiO2. The interference of TiO2 in MI structure also affected the extinction spectra showing the oscillation along the spectrum of AuNP in TiO2. Then, the extinction degree of MIM was higher than that of MI because of the coupling between cavity resonance mode with localized plasmon mode and interband transition in AuNPs. In addition, the cross section of MI and MIM films were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The surface of thinner film was rough because TiO2 heterogeneously grew from AuNP. The irregular growth of TiO2 might have induced the wide‐range extinction in 300–2500 nm after Au thin film deposition. The transient absorption spectra using a femtosecond laser were also carried out under the condition of 800 nm for excitation laser and 950 nm for probe laser. The long‐lived electron (∼1 ns) was observed in thick MIM film as a result of hot electron transfer from the gold nanostructure in the film.
Searchable encryption: A survey on privacy‐preserving search schemes on encrypted outsourced data
Authors: Handa Rohit , Krishna C. Rama , Aggarwal Naveen 
Published: April 2019

SummaryOutsourcing confidential data to cloud storage leads to privacy challenges that can be reduced using encryption. However, with encryption in place, the utilization of the data is reduced, which leads to reduced quality of experience of the users. To overcome this, searchable encryption (SE) schemes are utilized, which allow the end users to retrieve the relevant documents from the cloud, for which various researchers have worked utilizing different techniques. Despite the popularity of the searchable encryption schemes, most of the surveys either do not provide or present an incomplete taxonomy of SE schemes. Hence, in this paper, we attempt to present a complete taxonomy/classification of the searchable encryption schemes in terms of the type of search, type of index, results retrieved, implementation type, multiplicity of users, and the technique used. From the literature, it is observed that inner product similarity is widely adopted by researchers to compute the similarity of the query and the document index as it provides both conjunctive and disjunctive searching (ie, have better search capability) but requires high search time (ie, have lower search efficiency). On the other hand, schemes based on binary comparisons exist, which require less search time (ie, have better search efficiency) but support only conjunctive searching (ie, have limited search capability). Thus, a major conclusion drawn from our work is that there is an imbalance between search capability and search efficiency, ie, in the existing schemes, search capability can be improved at the cost of search time only. Therefore, we suggest that one direction where researchers should work on is to provide a balance between search capability and search efficiency.
ETAS: Energy and thermal‐aware dynamic virtual machine consolidation in cloud data center with proactive hotspot mitigation
Authors: Ilager Shashikant , Ramamohanarao Kotagiri , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: April 2019

SummaryData centers consume an enormous amount of energy to meet the ever‐increasing demand for cloud resources. Computing and Cooling are the two main subsystems that largely contribute to energy consumption in a data center. Dynamic Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation is a widely adopted technique to reduce the energy consumption of computing systems. However, aggressive consolidation leads to the creation of local hotspots that has adverse effects on energy consumption and reliability of the system. These issues can be addressed through efficient and thermal‐aware consolidation methods. We propose an Energy and Thermal‐Aware Scheduling (ETAS) algorithm that dynamically consolidates VMs to minimize the overall energy consumption while proactively preventing hotspots. ETAS is designed to address the trade‐off between time and the cost savings and it can be tuned based on the requirement. We perform extensive experiments by using the real‐world traces with precise power and thermal models. The experimental results and empirical studies demonstrate that ETAS outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms by reducing overall energy without any hotspot creation.
Impact of Er:YAG laser on wound healing following nonsurgical therapy: A pilot study
Authors: Klepper Kandice L. , Chun Yong‐Hee Patricia , Cochran David , Chen Shuo , McGuff Howard S. , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose is to examine early wound healing through histological analysis by characterizing connective tissue distribution and organization in the treated periodontium following nonsurgical therapy. Periodontal disease is a multifactorial pathological process that leads to the loss of the surrounding periodontium. Traditional periodontal therapies have proven beneficial in halting the progression of disease. The aim of this study is to investigate early wound healing in periodontal patients following hand/ultrasonic instrumentation alone, erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser instrumentation alone, or a combination of hand/ultrasonic instrumentation and Er:YAG laser instrumentation for the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis by histologic evaluation. Twenty‐one patients were randomized to receive nonsurgical therapy for the treatment of chronic periodontitis with three modalities prior to surgical therapy. Baseline clinical measurements were obtained prior to treatment. Wound healing was assessed by obtaining an otherwise discarded tissue sample following nonsurgical therapy of the selected study site. Samples were obtained at 2 or 6 weeks following initial therapy with a step‐back incision and fixated for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. There were minimal between‐group differences in the amount of collagen distribution when analyzing the Mallory–Heidenhain Azan trichrome, Picrosirus Red stain, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen at both time points. Descriptive analysis of baseline measurements showed no differences in probing depth change, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level following initial therapy between the three treatment groups at 2 or 6 weeks. Each treatment modality was effective in treating moderate to severe chronic periodontitis; however, the results of this study are inconclusive regarding superiority of any one treatment approach from a histologic and immunohistochemical perspective. Based on this assessment, there was increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen maturation between the 2‐ and 6‐week time point after treatment in all treatment groups, with few apparent differences between treatment groups. This pilot study qualitatively evaluated early wound healing in periodontal patients following non surgical therapy with various treatment modalities. When comparing descriptive outcomes of Er:YAG laser therapy and hand/ultrasonic instrumentation there were minimal differences in collagen distribution and density between groups. The evaluated modalities were each effective treating periodontal patients with non surgical therapy.