bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of trends in annual streamflow to the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Durocher Martin , Requena Ana I. , Burn Donald H. , Pellerin Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the magnitude of the flow of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean due to its impacts on the biogeophysical and socio‐economic systems in the north and its influence on global climate. This study examines freshwater flow based on a dataset of 72 rivers that either directly or indirectly contribute flow to the Arctic Ocean or reflect the hydrologic regime of areas contributing flow to the Arctic Ocean. Annual streamflow for the 72 rivers is categorized as to the nature and location of the contribution to the Arctic Ocean, and composite series of annual flows are determined for each category for the period 1975 to 2015. A trend analysis is then conducted for the annual discharge series assembled for each category. The results reveal a general increase in freshwater flow to the Arctic Ocean with this increase being more prominent from the Eurasian rivers than from the North American rivers. A comparison with trends obtained from an earlier study ending in 2000 indicates similar trend response from the Eurasian rivers, but dramatic differences from some of the North American rivers. A total annual discharge increase of 8.7 km3/y/y is found, with an annual discharge increase of 5.8 km3/y/y observed for the rivers directly flowing to the Arctic Ocean. The influence of annual or seasonal climate oscillation indices on annual discharge series is also assessed. Several river categories are found to have significant correlations with the Arctic Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. However, no significant association with climate indices is found for the river categories leading to the largest freshwater contribution to the Arctic Ocean.
A precolouring extension of Vizing's theorem
Authors: Girão António , Kang Ross J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFix a palette of colors, a graph with maximum degree , and a subset of the edge set with minimum distance between edges at least . If the edges of are arbitrarily precoloured from , then there is guaranteed to be a proper edge‐coloring using only colors from that extends the precolouring on to the entire graph. This result is a first general precolouring extension form of Vizing's theorem, and it proves a conjecture of Albertson and Moore under a slightly stronger distance requirement. We also show that the condition on the distance can be lowered to when the graph contains no cycle of length .
Synthesis and Docking Studies of Some 1,2,3‐Benzotriazine‐4‐one Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Fadda Ahmed A. , Abdel‐Latif Ehab , Fekri Ahmed , Mostafa Amal R. 
Published: January 2019

Newly synthesized 1,2,3‐benzotriazine‐4‐one derivatives substituted at position‐3 were characterized by various analytical and spectral techniques. The in vitro antitumor activity was evaluated against three different cell lines (liver cells cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer), where compounds 7b, 15, and 25 showed strong antitumor activity with IC50 ranging from 5.54 to 16.26 μM. In addition, molecular modeling studies using MOE were performed to investigate their binding modes to the C‐Met kinase active site. Docking results demonstrated that all new compounds recognized the active sites of C‐Met kinase and form different types of bonding interactions with key active site amino acid residues.
Use of EHRs data for clinical research: Historical progress and current applications
Authors: Nordo Amy Harris , Levaux Hugh P. , Becnel Lauren B. , Galvez Jose , Rao Prasanna , Stem Komathi , Prakash Era , Kush Rebecca Daniels 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe benefits of reusing EHR data for clinical research studies are numerous. They portend the opportunity to bring new therapies to patients sooner, potentially at a lower cost, and to accelerate learning health cycles—through faster data acquisition in clinical research studies. Metrics have proven that time can be saved, workflow and processes streamlined, and data quality increased significantly. Pilot projects and now actual investigational trials used for regulatory submissions have shown that these benefits support the transformation of clinical research by leveraging EHRs for research. Panelists at a recent collaborative focused on bridging clinical research and clinical care offered varying perspectives on how the latest standards and technologies could be leveraged to facilitate data transfer from EHR systems into clinical research databases, as well as the associated improvements in data quality. Panelists also discussed other avenues to leverage EHR in clinical research. Improvements and exciting possibilities notwithstanding, much work remains. Data ownership and access, attention to metadata and structured data for data sharing, and broader adoption of global standards are key areas for collaboration. With the steady increase in adoption of EHRs around the world, this is an excellent time for all stakeholders to work together and create an environment such that EHRs can be used more readily for research. The capacity for research can thus be increased to provide more high‐quality information that will contribute to rapid continuous learning health systems from which all patients can benefit.
ATRP of N‐Hydroxyethyl Acrylamide in the Presence of Lewis Acids: Control of Tacticity, Molecular Weight, and Architecture
Authors: Sun Yue , Fu Liye , Olszewski Mateusz , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGood control of tacticity, molecular weight, and architecture is attained via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), in a one‐pot process in the presence of Y(OTf)3. The effect of temperature, ratio of [Y(OTf)3]/[HEAA], and ATRP procedure on the tacticity and degree of control over the polymerization is investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, using photo ATRP and 15% Y(OTf)3, the content of meso dyads (m) can be increased from 42% to 80% in a homopolymer with a dispersity D = 1.22. Well‐defined stereoblock copolymers, atactic‐
b
‐isotactic poly(HEAA), with D = 1.27, are obtained by adding Y(OTf)3 at a specific conversion, initially started without Y(OTf)3.
The Chang Gung Research Database—A multi‐institutional electronic medical records database for real‐world epidemiological studies in Taiwan
Authors: Shao Shih‐Chieh , Chan Yuk‐Ying , Kao Yang Yea‐Huei , Lin Swu‐Jane , Hung Ming‐Jui , Chien Rong‐Nan , Lai Chi‐Chun , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeThe Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), the largest multi‐institutional electronic medical records (EMR) collection in Taiwan, provides good access for researchers to efficiently use the standardized patient‐level data. This study evaluates the capacity and representativeness of the CGRD to promote secondary use of EMR data for clinical research with more accurate estimates.MethodsThe National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) which covers over 99.9% of the Taiwanese population served as the comparator in this study. We compare the data components of the CGRD with the NHIRD, including records for health care facilities, patients, diagnoses, drugs, and procedures. Using the chi‐square test, we compared the distributions of age categories and sex of patients, and the rates of their health conditions between NHIRD and CGRD based on the year 2015.ResultsThe CGRD contains more clinical information such as pathological and laboratory results than the NHIRD. The CGRD includes 6.1% of outpatients and 10.2% of hospitalized patients from the NHIRD. We found the CGRD includes more elderly outpatients (23.5% vs 12.5%) and pediatric inpatients (19.7% vs 14.4%) compared with the NHIRD. We found patients' sex distributions were similar between CGRD and NHIRD, but coverage rates of severe conditions, such as cancer, were higher than other health conditions in CGRD.ConclusionsThe CGRD could serve as the basis for accurate estimates in medical studies. However, researchers should pay special attention to selection biases since patients' characteristics from CGRD differ from those of the national database.
A Novel Core‐Attachment–Based Method to Identify Dynamic Protein Complexes Based on Gene Expression Profiles and PPI Networks
Authors: Xiao Qianghua , Luo Ping , Li Min , Wang Jianxin , Wu Fang‐Xiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCellular functions are always performed by protein complexes. At present, many approaches have been proposed to identify protein complexes from protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Some approaches focus on detecting local dense subgraphs in PPI networks which are regarded as protein‐complex cores, then identify protein complexes by including local neighbors. However, from gene expression profiles at different time points or tissues it is known that proteins are dynamic. Therefore, identifying dynamic protein complexes should become very important and meaningful. In this study, a novel core‐attachment–based method named CO‐DPC to detect dynamic protein complexes is presented. First, CO‐DPC selects active proteins according to gene expression profiles and the 3‐sigma principle, and constructs dynamic PPI networks based on the co‐expression principle and PPI networks. Second, CO‐DPC detects local dense subgraphs as the cores of protein complexes and then attach close neighbors of these cores to form protein complexes. In order to evaluate the method, the method and the existing algorithms are applied to yeast PPI networks. The experimental results show that CO‐DPC performs much better than the existing methods. In addition, the identified dynamic protein complexes can match very well and thus become more meaningful for future biological study.
BN Pairs Enriched Defective Carbon Nanosheets for Ammonia Synthesis with High Efficiency
Authors: Chen Chen , Yan Dafeng , Wang Yu , Zhou Yangyang , Zou Yuqin , Li Yafei , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis has garnered attention as a promising alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process to enable the generation of ammonia (NH3) under ambient conditions. Current electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to produce NH3 are comprised of noble metals or transitional metals. Here, an efficient metal‐free catalyst (BCN) is demonstrated without precious component and can be easily fabricated by pyrolysis of organic precursor. Both theoretical calculations and experiments confirm that the doped BN pairs are the active triggers and the edge carbon atoms near to BN pairs are the active sites toward the NRR. This doping strategy can provide sufficient active sites while retarding the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process; thus, NRR with high NH3 formation rate (7.75 µg h−1 mgcat.
−1) and excellent Faradaic efficiency (13.79%) are achieved at −0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), exceeding the performance of most of the metallic catalysts.
Intrahepatic Glissonian Approach to the Ventral Aspect of the Arantius Ligament in Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy
Authors: Kim Ji Hoon , Choi Jae‐Woon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic left hemihepatectomy using the Glissonian approach is technically challenging secondary to a thick Glissonian pedicle and limited maneuverability of laparoscopic instruments. This procedure demands extreme caution owing to the high risk of bile leakage associated with left hemihepatectomy. We describe the technical details and surgical outcomes of the intrahepatic Glissonian approach to the ventral aspect of the Arantius ligament in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy.MethodsAfter detachment of the left side of hilar plate, the meticulous dissection was performed in the liver capsule above the left Glissonian pedicle. Dissection of the ventral aspect of the Arantius ligament creates the space between the liver parenchyma and the left Glissonian pedicle. The left Glissonian pedicle was isolated and encircled using the long curved laparoscopic instrument. During the parenchymal transection, the left Glissonian pedicle was transected using lateral to the Arantius ligament.ResultsBetween February 2013 and July 2018, 13 consecutive patients underwent pure laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy. The median operation time was 230 min (range 180–300 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 300 mL (range 100–600 mL). Two patients (15%) required transfusion. The median tumor size was 40 mm (range 10–105 mm). All patients showed negative resection margins. The median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days (range 6–15 days). Major postoperative complications occurred in 1 patient (7.7%). No perioperative deaths occurred.ConclusionAn intrahepatic Glissonian approach to the ventral aspect of the Arantius ligament is a feasible and effective technique in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy.
Effectiveness of CBT for children and adolescents with depression: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Oud Matthijs , de Winter Lars , Vermeulen-Smit Evelien , Bodden Denise , Nauta Maaike , Stone Lisanne , van den Heuvel Marieke , Taher Reham Al , de Graaf Ireen , Kendall Tim , Engels Rutger , Stikkelbroek Yvonne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground:Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is first choice of treatment for depressive symptoms and disorders in adolescents, however improvements are necessary because overall efficacy is low. Insights on CBT components and contextual and structural characteristics might increase the efficacy. The aim of our approach is to evaluate the efficacy of CBT for youth with depression and investigate the influence of specific components, contextual and structural factors that could improve effects.Methods:A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted, searches were undertaken in CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed and PsycINFO. Outcomes were meta-analyzed and confidence in results was assessed using the GRADE-method. Meta-regression was used to pinpoint components or other factors that were associated with an in- or decrease of effects of CBT.Results:We included 31 trials with 4335 participants. Moderate-quality evidence was found for CBT reducing depressive symptoms at the end of treatment and at follow-up, and CBT as indicated prevention resulted in 63% less risk of being depressed at follow-up. CBT containing a combination of behavioral activation and challenging thoughts component (as part of cognitive restructuring) or the involvement of caregiver(s) in intervention were associated with better outcomes for youth on the long term.Conclusions:There is evidence that CBT is effective for youth with a (subclinical) depression. Our analyses show that effects might improve when CBT contains the components behavioral activation and challenging thoughts and also when the caregiver(s) are involved. However, the influential effects of these three moderators should be further tested in RCTs.
Why is Kemeny’s constant a constant?
Authors: Bini Dario , Hunter Jeffrey J. , Latouche Guy , Meini Beatrice , Taylor Peter 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In their 1960 book on finite Markov chains, Kemeny and Snell established that a certain sum is invariant. The value of this sum has become known as Kemeny’s constant. Various proofs have been given over time, some more technical than others. We give here a very simple physical justification, which extends without a hitch to continuous-time Markov chains on a finite state space. For Markov chains with denumerably infinite state space, the constant may be infinite and even if it is finite, there is no guarantee that the physical argument will hold. We show that the physical interpretation does go through for the special case of a birth-and-death process with a finite value of Kemeny’s constant.
Contribution of sugarcane crop wild relatives in the creation of improved varieties in Mauritius
Authors: Santchurn D. , Badaloo M.G.H. , Zhou M. , Labuschagne M.T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSignificant genetic diversity for sucrose and fibre percentages exists in the species that served as the foundation of present day sugarcane cultivars. However, information is lacking worldwide on the recent contributions of sugarcane crop wild relatives (mainly Saccharum, Erianthus and Miscanthus wild species) in developing new varieties. There is renewed interest in using those relatives for creating new varieties to use as a dedicated bioenergy crop with higher fibre. This study focuses on past data analysis of sugarcane breeding in Mauritius with the objective to assess the efficiency in exploiting sugarcane wild relatives since 1970s to date. Pedigree analyses helped retrace the parentages of elite inter-specific hybrids reaching the final stages of selection. The studies confirmed the high prevalence of a few ‘wonder canes’ (successful hybrids with wild canes produced in the beginning of last century) among the ancestors of Mauritian varieties. Among the wild relatives, eight Saccharum spontaneum, two S. robustum, and one Erianthus clones were involved in generating elite genotypes worth evaluating at the advanced variety trial stages. A few early generation hybrids were released in the past for industrial exploitation, the latest one being M 1002/02 in 2016, with sugar as the primary output. Recent studies on the biomass potential and fibre yield of inter-specific hybrids are giving promising results, which expands the horizon in the use of sugarcane wild relatives for the generation of novel type of sugarcane varieties for multiple end-uses.
Local Earthquake Tomography of the Nevado del Huila Volcanic Complex (Colombia): Magmatic and Tectonic Interactions in a Volcanic‐Glacier Complex System
Authors: García M. A. , Vargas C. A. , Koulakov I. Yu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNevado del Huila is an active volcano in Colombia having high explosive potential and serious hazard for surrounding population. Here we present the first 3‐D seismic velocity model of the Nevado del Huila Volcanic Complex based on local earthquake tomography. We used 13,790 events with the corresponding 49,412 P wave and 47,972 S wave arrival times recorded by the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Popayán (Colombia). The period of observations from 2007 to 2016 covers stages of eruptions (first registered to date) and repose of the volcano. The seismic structure reveals two prominent nearly vertical anomalies with high Vp/Vs ratio that are interpreted as conduits connecting the volcano structures with a deeper seated magma reservoir. The anomaly beneath the southern flank of the volcano is limited by the Calambayú Fault and coincides with the dense seismicity cluster. We interpret this anomaly as the pathway of fluids following the weakened rocks along the fault zone. Another anomaly located beneath the main summit of Nevado del Huila probably represents the magma conduit that fed the previous eruption of this volcano. The seismicity here is not as intensive as that beneath the southern flank, which is possibly caused by higher temperature and ductile properties of rocks in the conduit. At depths from 2 to 4 km below surface, we observe the limit between higher Vp/Vs below and lower Vp/Vs above that possibly represents the level of fluid degassing due to decompression.
Tracing Atlantic Waters Using 129I and 236U in the Fram Strait in 2016
Authors: Wefing A.‐M. , Christl M. , Vockenhuber C. , Rutgers van der Loeff M. , Casacuberta N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study 129I and 236U concentrations in seawater samples collected onboard R/V Polarstern during the PS100 expedition in the Fram Strait in 2016 are presented. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of these long‐lived radionuclides along the transect located at 79°N. The combination of both radionuclides was used for the first time in the Fram Strait to trace ocean circulation pathways of Atlantic waters. Results show that both 129I and 236U concentrations as well as 236U/238U ratios are about two times higher (> 600 × 107 at kg(−1), > 20 × 106 at kg(−1), and 2.8 × 10−9, respectively) in the cold and fresh outflowing surface waters from the Arctic Ocean (Polar Surface Water, PSW) compared to inflowing Atlantic origin waters (300 × 107 at kg(−1) 129I, 12 × 106 at kg(−1) 236U, and 1.4 × 10−9 236U/238U). A comparison with the different 129I and 236U input functions for the Atlantic branches entering the Arctic Ocean reveals that the middepth Atlantic origin waters outflowing the Arctic Ocean show more influence of the Barents Sea Branch Water than the Fram Strait Branch Water. The high radionuclide concentrations observed in the PSW indicate substantial influence of the Norwegian Coastal Current. This current carries a significantly larger proportion of 129I and 236U releases from European reprocessing plants than the aforementioned Atlantic branches. We estimate surface water transit times from the northern Norwegian Coast through the Arctic to the PSW of 12–19 years, less than for the middepth Barents Sea Branch Water (16–23 years).
Circulation of Pacific Winter Water in the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhong Wenli , Steele Michael , Zhang Jinlun , Cole Sylvia T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPacific Winter Water (PWW) enters the western Arctic Ocean from the Chukchi Sea; however, the physical mechanisms that regulate its circulation within the deep basin are still not clear. Here, we investigate the interannual variability of PWW with a comprehensive data set over a decade. We quantify the thickening and expansion of the PWW layer during 2002–2016, as well as its changing pathway. The total volume of PWW in the Beaufort Gyre (BG) region is estimated to have increased from 3.48 ± 0.04 × 1014 m3 during 2002–2006 to 4.11 ± 0.02 × 1014 m3 during 2011–2016, an increase of 18%. We find that the deepening rate of the lower bound of PWW is almost double that of its upper bound in the northern Canada Basin, a result of lateral flux convergence of PWW (via lateral advection of PWW from the Chukchi Borderland) in addition to the Ekman pumping. In particular, of the 70‐m deepening of PWW at its lower bound observed over 2003–2011 in the northwestern basin, 43% resulted from lateral flux convergence. We also find a redistribution of PWW in recent years toward the Chukchi Borderland associated with the wind‐driven spin‐up and westward shift of the BG. Finally, we hypothesize that a recently observed increase of lower halocline eddies in the BG might be explained by this redistribution, through a compression mechanism over the Chukchi Borderland.