bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snoring and Blood Pressure in Third‐Trimester Normotensive Pregnant Women
Authors: Tsai Shao‐Yu , Lee Pei‐Lin , Lee Chien‐Nan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo examine the association between snoring, sleep quality, quantity, and blood pressure in third‐trimester normotensive pregnant women.DesignThis study was a cross‐sectional analysis of two cohorts of healthy pregnant women recruited from a prenatal clinic in a medical center in Northern Taiwan.MethodsA total of 322 women reported sociodemographic and health characteristics in a structured interview and wore a wrist actigraph on their nondominant wrist for 7 consecutive days to assess objective sleep patterns. The women's resting blood pressures were measured while seated in the clinic by trained personnel using an electronic sphygmomanometer.FindingsOne hundred thirty‐three (41.3%) women reported snoring. Ninety‐three women (28.9%) had <6 hr of nighttime sleep, with only 95 (29.5%) women averaging 7 or more hours of nighttime sleep. In the univariate analyses, snoring was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as mean arterial pressure levels (p < .05). In the multivariate analyses, snoring remained as a significant predictor of higher diastolic blood pressure (β = 2.07, p < .05) and mean arterial pressure levels (β = 2.00, p < .05), after adjustment for age, parity, gestational age, body mass index before pregnancy, and sleep quantity and quality by actigraphy.ConclusionsSnoring is a highly prevalent condition experienced by healthy third‐trimester pregnant women and is associated with elevated blood pressure.Clinical RelevanceClinical assessment and screening of snoring are of utmost importance in obstetric nursing practice to potentially prevent or reduce the associated adverse cardiovascular consequences in women during pregnancy.
Neuroanatomy and inner ear labyrinths of the narwhal, Monodon monoceros, and beluga, Delphinapterus leucas (Cetacea: Monodontidae)
Authors: Racicot Rachel A. , Darroch Simon A. F. , Kohno Naoki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNarwhals (Monodon monoceros) and belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) are the only extant members of the Monodontidae, and are charismatic Arctic‐endemic cetaceans that are at risk from global change. Investigating the anatomy and sensory apparatuses of these animals is essential to understanding their ecology and evolution, and informs efforts for their conservation. Here, we use X‐ray CT scans to compare aspects of the endocranial and inner ear labyrinth anatomy of extant monodontids and use the overall morphology to draw larger inferences about the relationship between morphology and ecology. We show that differences in the shape of the brain, vasculature, and neural canals of both species may relate to differences in diving and other behaviors. The cochleae are similar in morphology in the two species, signifying similar hearing ranges and a close evolutionary relationship. Lastly, we compare two different methods for calculating 90var – a calculation independent of body size that is increasingly being used as a proxy for habitat preference. We show that a ‘direct’ angular measurement method shows significant differences between Arctic and other habitat preferences, but angle measurements based on planes through the semicircular canals do not, emphasizing the need for more detailed study and standardization of this measurement. This work represents the first comparative internal anatomical study of the endocranium and inner ear labyrinths of this small clade of toothed whales.
Association of fish and long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids intakes with total and cause‐specific mortality: prospective analysis of 421 309 individuals
Authors: Zhang Y. , Zhuang P. , He W. , Chen J. N. , Wang W. Q. , Freedman N. D. , Abnet C. C. , Wang J. B. , Jiao J. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevailing dietary guidelines recommend regular fish consumption. However, the associations of fish and long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn‐3 PUFAs) intakes with mortality remain unclear.ObjectivesTo examine the associations of fish and LCn‐3 PUFAs intakes with total and cause‐specific mortality.MethodsA total of 240 729 men and 180 580 women from NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study were prospectively followed‐up for 16 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated NIH Diet History Questionnaire.ResultsA total of 54 230 men and 30 882 women died during 6.07 million person‐years of follow‐up. Higher fish and LCn‐3 PUFAs intakes were significantly associated with lower total mortality (P < 0.0001). Comparing the highest with lowest quintiles of fish intake, men had 9% (95% confidence interval, 6–11%) lower total mortality, 10% (6–15%) lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, 6% (1–10%) lower cancer mortality, 20% (11–28%) lower respiratory disease mortality and 37% (17–53%) lower chronic liver disease mortality, while women had 8% (5–12%) lower total mortality, 10% (3–17%) lower CVD mortality and 38% (20–52%) lower Alzheimer's disease mortality. Fried fish consumption was not related to mortality in men whereas positively associated with mortality from all causes (P = 0.011), CVD and respiratory disease in women. LCn‐3 PUFAs intake was associated with 15% and 18% lower CVD mortality in men and women across extreme quintiles, respectively.ConclusionConsumption of fish and LCn‐3 PUFAs was robustly associated with lower mortality from major causes. Our findings support current guidelines for fish consumption while advice on non‐frying preparation methods is needed.
Relationship between gerotranscendence and oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Mihara Yusuke , Matsuda Ken‐ichi , Hatta Koudai , Gondo Yasuyuki , Masui Yukie , Nakagawa Takeshi , Kamide Kei , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Arai Yasumichi , Maeda Yoshinobu , Ikebe Kazunori 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectivesThe purpose of our cross‐sectional study was to investigate the relationship between gerotranscendence and oral health‐related quality of life (OHR‐QOL). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the relationship between gerotranscendence and OHR‐QOL.MethodsParticipants (total n = 1969; 70‐year‐old group, n = 999; 80‐year‐old group, n = 970) were drawn from resident lists in four areas of Japan: one urban area and one rural area in each of two geographical regions. OHR‐QOL was measured using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Measurement of occlusal force was performed using pressure‐sensitive sheets. Gerotranscendence was assessed with the Japanese Gerotranscendence Scale Revised (JGS‐R). We used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationships among OHR‐QOL and other variables.ResultsGeriatric Oral Health Assessment Index score was significantly correlated with occlusal force, number of teeth, financial status and JGS‐R score on linear regression analysis.ConclusionDegree of gerotranscendence was significantly and independently correlated with degree of OHR‐QOL in our sample.
Complications and survival rates of inlays and onlays vs complete coverage restorations: A systematic review and analysis of studies
Authors: Vagropoulou Georgia I. , Klifopoulou Georgia L. , Vlahou Stefania G. , Hirayama Hiroshi , Michalakis Konstantinos 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify if different types of indirect restorations used for single teeth had different biological and technical complications, as well as survival rates.MethodAn electronic search was performed in various electronic databases to identify articles, published between 1980 and 2017. The search terms were categorised into 4 groups: inlay, onlay, inlay/onlay and crown. Manual searches of published full‐text articles and related reviews were also performed.ResultsA total number of 2849 papers were retrieved initially. After a detailed assessment for eligibility, 9 studies were selected for inclusion. The heterogeneity of the studies did allow neither a meta‐analysis nor any meaningful comparison between types of restorations or materials. Only some pooling was performed for representative reasons. The mean survival rate of inlays was 90.89%, while for onlays and crowns it was 93.50% and 95.38%, respectively. For the fourth study group, consisting of both inlays and onlays, the survival rate was found to be 99.43%. Statistical analysis demonstrated caries to be the main biological complication for all types of restorations, followed by a root and/or tooth fracture incidence (11.34%) and endodontic incidence. Ceramic fractures represented the most common technical complication, followed by loss of retention and porcelain chipping.ConclusionThe 5‐year survival rate for crowns and inlays/onlays is very high, exceeding 90%. An association between the kind of complications and different types of restorations could not be established. Nevertheless, a relatively high failure rate due to caries and ceramic fractures was noted.
Multivariate species boundaries and conservation of harlequin poison frogs
Authors: Posso‐Terranova Andrés , Andrés Jose 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, we present an iterative method for delimiting species under the general lineage concept (GLC) based on the multivariate clustering of morphological, ecological and genetic data. Our rationale is that distinct multivariate groups correspond to evolutionarily independent metapopulation lineages because they reflect the common signal of different secondary defining properties (environmental and genetic distinctiveness, phenotypic diagnosability, etc.) that imply the existence of barriers preventing or limiting gene exchange. We applied this method to study a group of endangered poison frogs, the Oophaga histrionica complex. In our study case, we used next‐generation targeted amplicon sequencing to obtain a robust genetic data set that we combined with patterns of morphological and ecological features. Our analyses revealed the existence of at least five different species in the histrionica complex (three, new to science), some of them, occurring in small isolated populations outside any protected areas. The lineage delimitation proposed here has important conservation implications as it revealed that some of the Oophaga species should be considered among the most vulnerable of the Neotropical frogs. More broadly, our study exemplifies how multiple‐amplicon and multivariate statistical techniques can be integrated to successfully identify species and their boundaries.
SIRT1 is increased in affected brain regions and hypothalamic metabolic pathways are altered in Huntington disease
Authors: Baldo B. , Gabery S. , Soylu‐Kucharz R. , Cheong R. Y. , Henningsen J. B. , Englund E. , McLean C. , Kirik D. , Halliday G. , Petersén Å. 
Published: July 2018

AimsMetabolic dysfunction is involved in modulating the disease process in Huntington disease (HD) but the underlying mechanisms are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate if the metabolic regulators sirtuins are affected in HD.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reactions were used to assess levels of SIRT1‐3 and downstream targets in post mortem brain tissue from HD patients and control cases as well as after selective hypothalamic expression of mutant huntingtin (HTT) using recombinant adeno‐associated viral vectors in mice.ResultsWe show that mRNA levels of the metabolic regulator SIRT1 are increased in the striatum and the cerebral cortex but not in the less affected cerebellum in post mortem HD brains. Levels of SIRT2 are only increased in the striatum and SIRT3 is not affected in HD. Interestingly, mRNA levels of SIRT1 are selectively increased in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in HD. Further analyses of the LHA and VMH confirmed pathological changes in these regions including effects on SIRT1 downstream targets and reduced mRNA levels of orexin (hypocretin), prodynorphin and melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) in the LHA and of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the VMH. Analyses after selective hypothalamic expression of mutant HTT suggest that effects on BDNF, orexin, dynorphin and MCH are early and direct, whereas changes in SIRT1 require more widespread expression of mutant HTT.ConclusionsWe show that SIRT1 expression is increased in HD‐affected brain regions and that metabolic pathways are altered in the HD hypothalamus.
Bridging the micro‐ and macroevolutionary levels in phylogenomics: Hyb‐Seq solves relationships from populations to species and above
Authors: Villaverde Tamara , Pokorny Lisa , Olsson Sanna , Rincón‐Barrado Mario , Johnson Matthew G. , Gardner Elliot M. , Wickett Norman J. , Molero Julià , Riina Ricarda , Sanmartín Isabel 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Reconstructing phylogenetic relationships at the micro‐ and macroevoutionary levels within the same tree is problematic because of the need to use different data types and analytical frameworks. We test the power of target enrichment to provide phylogenetic resolution based on DNA sequences from above species to within populations, using a large herbarium sampling and Euphorbia balsamifera (Euphorbiaceae) as a case study.

Target enrichment with custom probes was combined with genome skimming (Hyb‐Seq) to sequence 431 low‐copy nuclear genes and partial plastome DNA. We used supermatrix, multispecies‐coalescent approaches, and Bayesian dating to estimate phylogenetic relationships and divergence times.

Euphorbia balsamifera, with a disjunct Rand Flora‐type distribution at opposite sides of Africa, comprises three well‐supported subspecies: western Sahelian sepium is sister to eastern African‐southern Arabian adenensis and Macaronesian‐southwest Moroccan balsamifera. Lineage divergence times support Late Miocene to Pleistocene diversification and climate‐driven vicariance to explain the Rand Flora pattern.

We show that probes designed using genomic resources from taxa not directly related to the focal group are effective in providing phylogenetic resolution at deep and shallow evolutionary levels. Low capture efficiency in herbarium samples increased the proportion of missing data but did not bias estimation of phylogenetic relationships or branch lengths.
Alternative Assumptions to Identify LATE in Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Designs
Authors: Dong Yingying 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere exist two alternative assumptions to identify local average treatment effects (LATE) in fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) designs: local independence (LI) and local smoothness (LS). Together with the usual LATE assumptions requiring existence of a first‐stage and treatment monotonicity, either of these two assumptions is sufficient to identify RD LATE. I discuss the practical (and testable) implications of these alternative assumptions, and show that weakening LI by LS might be empirically relevant. However, when LI does hold, there are some practical implications one may explore. Numerical and empirical examples are briefly presented.
An Empirical Investigation on the Transfer of Expatriates Within MNCs from a Knowledge Perspective
Authors: Astorne‐Figari Carmen , Lee Joonhyung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe study the use of expatriates in transferring knowledge within a multinational corporation (MNC). We argue that MNCs use expatriates to allocate knowledge between headquarters and its foreign affiliates. With data from MNCs headquartered in South Korea, we trace unobservable knowledge using observable labour mobility. Our empirical analysis shows that the use of expatriates increases as communication between South Korea and the host country becomes more costly. However, the extent to which the use of expatriates relates with communication costs decreases in the sectoral complexity.
Does body mass index truly affect mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients after coronary revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft? A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma W.‐Q. , Sun X.‐J. , Wang Y. , Han X.‐Q. , Zhu Y. , Liu N.‐F. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundObesity, a comorbid medical condition, is usually observed in patients with established coronary artery disease. Paradoxically, patients with a higher body mass index (BMI) usually have better clinical outcomes after coronary revascularization.MethodsWe searched five online databases through December 2017. We identified studies reporting the rate of all‐cause mortality or cardiovascular‐related outcomes among patients after coronary revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft based on various BMI categories. Network meta‐analysis was performed using Bayesian methods.ResultsSixty‐five records involving 865,774 participants were included in our study. A U‐shaped association was observed across BMI categories for all‐cause mortality. Using normal weight as the reference, all‐cause mortality was increased for (relative risk [RR]: 2.4; 95% credibility interval [CrI]: 2.1–2.7) patients with underweight, whereas it was lowered in patients with overweight, obese, and severely obese. This association remained significant in many subgroups. We also observed that the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was lowest among patients with overweight. Furthermore, patients with underweight were associated with greater risks of myocardial infarction (RR: 1.9; 95% CrI: 1.4–2.5), cardiovascular‐related mortality (RR: 2.8; 95% CrI: 1.6–4.7), stroke (RR: 2.0; 95% CrI: 1.3–3.3) and heart failure (RR: 1.7; 95% CrI: 1.1–2.7) compared with normal weight patients; no significant association was observed among individuals with higher BMI.ConclusionsThe ‘obesity paradox’ does exist in patients after coronary revascularization, especially for patients with post‐percutaneous coronary intervention. All‐cause mortality in patients with high BMI is significantly lower compared with patients with normal weight. Furthermore, patients with underweight experience higher rates of cardiovascular outcomes compared with patients with normal weight.
The association between antibiotic use in infancy and childhood overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miller S. A. , Wu R. K. S. , Oremus M. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPurposeAntibiotic use is associated with alteration of the gut microbiome and metabolic activity. As childhood obesity is a predisposing factor for adult obesity, addressing childhood risk factors to weight gain in early life is important. This review aims to investigate the association between infant antibiotic exposure (aged < 24 months) and childhood obesity or overweight.MethodsArticles were retrieved from CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase and MEDLINE. Eligible articles investigated antibiotic use in exposed versus unexposed infants and measured childhood weight change. Data were synthesized narratively and meta‐analysed where possible.ResultsAfter title/abstract and full‐text screening, 17 articles representing 15 unique studies were included for narrative synthesis. We found a small association between antibiotic exposure in infancy (<24 months) and childhood overweight or obesity. The strongest associations were observed in boys versus girls and children exposed to multiple antibiotic courses or broad‐spectrum drugs. Meta‐analysis of 12 sets of results comparing the earliest age of exposure to any antibiotic with overweight or obesity at the latest age of outcome found a pooled odds ratio of 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.11).ConclusionsAntibiotic exposure in infants, aged < 24 months, was associated with a small increase in odds of childhood overweight or obesity in some subgroups of children.
Clinicopathological significance of SNPs in RAD51 and XRCC3 in oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Santos Edilmar de Moura , Santos Hellen Bandeira de Pontes , de Matos Felipe Rodrigues , Machado Renato Assis , Coletta Ricardo D. , Galvão Hébel Cavalcanti , Freitas Roseana de Almeida 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in RAD51 and XRCC3 on susceptibility to oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and determined their clinicopathological significance.Subjects and MethodsSNPs rs1801320 and rs1801321 in RAD51 and rs861539 in XRCC3 were genotyped in 81 patients presenting oral SCC, 45 presenting oropharyngeal SCC, and 130 healthy controls, using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the association between SNPs and cancer development, as well as gene–gene (GxG) interaction and gene–environmental factor (GxE) interaction. Clinicopathological associations were verified through the chi‐square test, and univariate and multivariate methods were applied for survival analyses.ResultsAlthough allelic and genotypic models and the GxG interaction analysis were nonsignificant, the GxE analysis revealed synergistic effects of the risk alleles of rs1801320, rs1801321, and rs861539 with smoking and alcohol consumption on susceptibility to oral and oropharyngeal SCC. Furthermore, oropharyngeal SCC patients carrying the XRCC3 rs861539 GT/TT genotype (T risk allele) presented a shorter overall survival than GG genotype carriers.ConclusionCombined effects of RAD51 (rs1801320 and rs1801321) and XRCC3 (rs861539) SNPs with environmental carcinogens (tobacco and alcohol) are associated with oral and oropharyngeal SCC development.
Inverse Scattering Transform and Solitons for Square Matrix Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Prinari Barbara , Ortiz Alyssa K , van der Mee Cornelis , Grabowski Marek 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe inverse scattering transform (IST) is developed for a class of matrix nonlinear Schrödinger‐type systems whose reductions include two equations that model certain hyperfine spin spinor Bose–Einstein condensates, and two novel equations that were recently shown to be integrable, and that have applications in nonlinear optics and four‐component fermionic condensates. In addition, the general behavior of the soliton solutions for all four reductions is analyzed in detail, and some novel solutions are presented.