bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the Canadian COVID-19 Mortality Score (CCMS) to predict in-hospital mortality among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients infected with Omicron: a cohort study
Authors: Hohl Corinne M , Yeom David S , Yan Justin , Archambault Patrick M , Brooks Steven C , Morrison Laurie J , Perry Jeffrey , Rosychuk Rhonda 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe objective is to externally validate and assess the opportunity to update the Canadian COVID-19 Mortality Score (CCMS) to predict in-hospital mortality among consecutive non-palliative COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron subvariants at a time when vaccinations were widespread.DesignThis observational study validated the CCMS in an external cohort at a time when Omicron variants were dominant. We assessed the potential to update the rule and improve its performance by recalibrating and adding vaccination status in a subset of patients from provinces with access to vaccination data and created the adjusted CCMS (CCMSadj). We followed discharged patients for 30 days after their index emergency department visit or for their entire hospital stay if admitted.SettingExternal validation cohort for CCMS: 36 hospitals participating in the Canadian COVID-19 Emergency Department Rapid Response Network (CCEDRRN). Update cohort for CCMSadj: 14 hospitals in CCEDRRN in provinces with vaccination data.ParticipantsConsecutive non-palliative COVID-19 patients presenting to emergency departments.Main outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality.ResultsOf 39 682 eligible patients, 1654 (4.2%) patients died. The CCMS included age, sex, residence type, arrival mode, chest pain, severe liver disease, respiratory rate and level of respiratory support and predicted in-hospital mortality with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.88) in external validation. Updating the rule by recalibrating and adding vaccination status to create the CCMSadjchanged the weights for age, respiratory status and homelessness, but only marginally improved its performance, while vaccination status did not. The CCMSadjhad an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.92) in validation. CCMSadjscores of <10 categorised patients as low risk with an in-hospital mortality of <1.6%. A score>15 had observed mortality of >56.8%.ConclusionsThe CCMS remained highly accurate in predicting mortality from Omicron and improved marginally through recalibration. Adding vaccination status did not improve the performance. The CCMS can be used to inform patient prognosis, goals of care conversations and guide clinical decision-making for emergency department patients with COVID-19.
Secondary causal mediation analysis of a pragmatic clinical trial to evaluate the effect of chiropractic care for US active-duty military on biopsychosocial outcomes occurring through effects on low back pain interference and intensity
Authors: Shannon Zacariah K , Long Cynthia R , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Goertz Christine , Wallace Robert , Casteel Carri , Carnahan Ryan M 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveWe evaluate change in low back pain (LBP) intensity and interference as the mechanism by which chiropractic care affects other biopsychosocial factors in US active-duty military members.DesignWe conducted secondary, exploratory mediation analysis of pragmatic, multisite, clinical trial (NCT01692275) post results using natural effect modeling. Mediators were the 6-week values of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29 pain interference and intensity. Outcomes were 12-week values of other PROMIS-29 biopsychosocial subdomains. Models evaluated overall and individual factor contribution and were adjusted for baseline age, sex, LBP duration, LBP intensity and mediator and outcome values.SettingThree US military treatment facilities.Participants750 US active-duty military members with LBP.InterventionsTrial participants received 6 weeks of treatment with chiropractic care plus usual medical care or usual medical care alone.ResultsIn multiple mediator models, pain interference and pain intensity explained much of the effect of chiropractic care on physical function (proportion mediated=0.77, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.0), fatigue (0.62, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.0), sleep disturbance (0.49, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.5) and social roles (0.81, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.0). Mental health was not evaluable due to the low prevalence of symptoms reported. The combined models of pain interference and pain intensity did not have a higher proportion mediated than the individual pain intensity models except for fatigue outcome models.ConclusionPain intensity appeared to be the mechanism by which much of the change in biopsychosocial factors occurred and should be considered a key clinical indicator for improvement in biopsychosocial health when chiropractic care is added to usual medical care for US active-duty military members.
Relationship between critical illness recovery and social determinants of health: a multiperspective qualitative study in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Howard A Fuchsia , Lynch Kelsey , Thorne Sally , Hoiss Sybil , Ahmad Omar , Arora Rakesh C , Currie Leanne M , McDermid Robert C , Cloutier Martha , Crowe Sarah , Rankin Cameron , Erchov Alice , Hou Brianna , Li Hong , Haljan Gregory 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThere are health disparities and inequities in the outcomes of critical illness survivors related to the influence of social determinants of health on recovery. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between critical illness recovery and the intermediary social determinants of health in the Canadian context. Because Canadian healthcare is provided within a universal publicly funded system, this analysis sheds light on the role of social determinants of health in the context of universal health services and a relatively robust social safety net.DesignIn this qualitative interpretive description study, data from semi-structured interviews with intensive care unit survivors, family caregivers and healthcare providers were analysed using thematic and constant comparative methods.SettingWestern Canadian Hospital serving a population of 900 000 people.ParticipantsThe 74 study participants included 30 patients (mean age 58 years, 18 men and 12 women) and 25 family caregivers (mean age 55 years, 8 men and 17 women), representing 37 cases, as well as 19 healthcare providers.ResultsChallenges with employment and finances, home set-up, transportation, food and nutrition, medications and social support complicated and hindered critical illness recovery. Critical illness sequelae also altered these social determinants of health, suggesting a reciprocal relationship. Furthermore, individuals experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage before critical illness described being at a greater disadvantage following their critical illness, which interfered with their recovery and suggests an accumulation of risk for some.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the significant influence of social determinants of health on critical illness recovery, highlighting the importance of creating and evaluating comprehensive approaches to health and well-being that address health inequities.
Prenatal exposure to antibiotics and the risk of orofacial clefts: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nagata Abir , Rahman Md Shafiur , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Nakagawa Takatoshi , Sharmin Salma , Onishi Kazunari , Rahman Mahbubur 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionOrofacial clefts (OFCs), including cleft lip, cleft palate and combined cleft lip and palate, are among the most common craniofacial malformations in newborns and present significant healthcare challenges. Emerging evidence has raised concerns regarding the potential impact of prenatal exposure to antibiotics on fetal development. Antibiotics prescribed during pregnancy—particularly those that cross the placental barrier—may pose teratogenic risks. Previous studies investigating the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and the risk of OFCs have yielded inconsistent results. However, no studies have yet attempted to summarise this evidence, highlighting the need for a comprehensive evaluation. This report describes a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol to retrospectively analyse the relationship between prenatal antibiotic exposure and the risk of developing OFCs, focusing on the role of antibiotic type and timing of exposure. The results of such a review will hopefully provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence, helping to inform clinical practice and guide patient counselling regarding the use of antibiotics during pregnancy.Methods and analysisThe planned systematic review and meta-analysis will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines to ensure a comprehensive and systematic approach to summarising the available evidence on the topic. This study will include longitudinal cohort studies, case–control studies, and interventional trials that investigate the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and OFCs. The search strategy will cover major databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, using tailored search terms. A team of independent assessors will screen article titles, abstracts and full texts. Any discrepancies will be resolved through discussions. Quality assessment will use the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Data extraction will focus on the study characteristics, participant details, exposure specifics and outcome measures. A random-effects meta-analysis will aggregate summary effect sizes, and heterogeneity will be assessed using I2and Q statistics.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review, as it relies on already published data. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations, providing critical insights into clinical practice and public health policies regarding antibiotic use during pregnancy.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024565064
Magnesium-based bioresorbable flow diverter for intracranial aneurysms: a pilot study of biocompatibility and bioresorption in a rabbit vascular model
Authors: Akiyama Ryo , Ishii Akira , Sasaki Natsuhi , Matsukawa So , Yagi Shinichi , Chihara Hideo , Nishi Hidehisa , Iwasaki Kiyotaka , Sakurai Shinichi , Kawamura Yoshihito , Arakawa Yoshiki 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundBioresorbable flow diverters (BRFDs) have the potential to solve several problems associated with conventional permanent flow diverters. We have constructed bare and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)-coated magnesium BRFDs (MgBRFDs) using a high-strength corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy. This study aimed to compare bioresorption and biocompatibility between the two types in a rabbit vascular model to determine which is more clinically feasible in humans.MethodsBare and PLLA-coated MgBRFDs were fabricated by braiding 48 thin magnesium alloy wires. Mechanical testing was conducted. Bare (n=13) and PLLA-coated (n=13) MgBRFDs were implanted into rabbit aortas and harvested 14, 30, and 90 days after implantation. The physical structure of the resolution process was examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT), micro-computed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biological response of the vascular tissue was examined using SEM and histopathological analysis.ResultsThe porosity and pore density of the bare MgBRFD were 64% and 16 pores/mm2, respectively; corresponding values for the PLLA-coated MgBRFD were 63% and 12 pores/mm2, respectively. The OCT attenuation score was significantly higher for the PLLA-coated MgBRFD at all time points (14 days, P=0.01; 30 days, P=0.02; 90 days, P=0.004). OCT, micro-computed tomography, and SEM demonstrated better stent structure preservation with the PLLA-coated MgBRFD. Neointimal thickness did not significantly change over time in either type of MgBRFD (bare, P=0.93; PLLA-coated, P=0.34); however, the number of inflammatory and proliferative cells peaked at 14 days and then decreased.ConclusionsBoth bare and PLLA-coated MgBRFDs had excellent biocompatibility. The PLLA-coated MgBRFD has greater clinical feasibility because of its delayed bioresorption.
Superradiance scattering of electromagnetic and gravitational fields and thin accretion disk around non-commutating Kerr black hole
Authors: Jha Sohan Kumar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe consider the non-commutative (NC) Kerr black hole where the mass of the central object is smeared over a region of linear size $$\sqrt{b}$$

b

, b is the strength of the NC character of spacetime. For the spacetime under consideration, we calculate the amplification factor for electromagnetic and gravitational fields and study various properties of a thin accretion disk. The expression for the amplification factor is obtained with the help of the asymptotic matching technique. The amplification factor is then plotted against frequency for various values of the spin a and the NC parameter b. Though the amplification factor increases with a but decreases with b, the cut-off frequency up to which we have amplification increases with a and b. We then study the effect of the spin and the NC nature of spacetime on the energy flux, temperature distribution, emission spectrum, energy conversion efficiency, and the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit of a thin accretion disk around the black hole with the help of the steady-state Novikov–Thorne model. Our study reveals that these quantities increase with the spin and the NC parameter. We also find that the disk around the NC Kerr black is hotter and more luminous than that around the Kerr black hole and the NC Schwarzschild black hole. We can conclusively infer from our investigation that the NC nature of spacetime has a significant impact on the superradiance phenomenon as well as on various properties of thin accretion disks.
Time-Like heavy-flavour thresholds for fragmentation functions: the light-quark matching condition at NNLO
Authors: Biello Christian , Bonino Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMatching conditions are universal ingredients that describe how fragmentation functions change when heavy-flavour thresholds are crossed during the factorisation scale evolution. They are the last missing piece for a consistent description of observables with identified final-state hadrons at next-to-next-to leading order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics. We present an analytical form of the matching condition for light-flavour to hadron fragmentation function at next-to-next-to leading order. The derivation is performed by extending the formalism employed in the extraction of the next-to leading order matching conditions to the subsequent order, making use of $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

annihilation cross sections. We obtain the first non-trivial heavy-quark effect in the light-quark fragmentation functions and provide results in Mellin space.
Matter-geometry interplay in new scalar tensor theories of gravity
Authors: Marciu Mihai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe paper studies the possible interplay between matter and geometry in scalar tensor theories of gravitation where the energy–momentum tensor is directly coupled with the Einstein tensor. After obtaining the scalar tensor representation of the $$f(R, G_{\mu \nu }T^{\mu \nu })$$

f
(
R
,

G

μ
ν

T

μ
ν

)

gravity, the analysis continue with an approach based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes in open systems. To this regard, various thermodynamic properties are directly obtained in this manner, like the matter creation (annihilation) rate and the corresponding creation (annihilation) pressure. In the case of the Roberson–Walker metric several analytic and numerical solutions are found in the asymptotic regime. In the last part of the manuscript a specific parametrization for the Hubble rate is constrained using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms in the case of cosmic chronometers (CC) and BAO observations, obtaining an approximate numerical solution which can describe the cosmological model. For this model, we have obtained by fine-tuning some numerical solutions which exhibit creation mechanisms in different specific regimes.
Comparing GPS and cell-based mobile phone data to identify activity participation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mueller Sebastian A. , Paltra Sydney , Rehmann Jakob , Ewert Ricardo , Nagel Kai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study conducts a detailed analysis of population mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing a unique approach that contrasts two types of mobile phone data: GPS-based and cell-based. The primary objective is to evaluate the effects of governmental restrictions on a variety of activities including school attendance, work, shopping, and leisure. We compare both data sets by using a set of defined criteria, including anticipated activity reductions during full and partial closures, as well as the timing of activity changes in response to policy implementations. Our research reveals that while cell-based data lacks the precision to differentiate between various out-of-home activities effectively, GPS-based data, especially when integrated with OpenStreetMap, proves significantly more adept at identifying and categorizing specific activity types. The GPS-based data shows, for example, that school activities fell by more than 80% while work activities were only reduced by around 50%.
The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs): The Chain Mediating Effect of Sleep Disorders and Somatic Symptom
Authors: Wang Jiana , Meng Nana , Chen Kun , Huang Xinyuan , Feng Lin , Yang Cong , Li Zhe , Sun Xun 
Published: November 2024

Background: More than two‐thirds of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) experience various degrees of mental health issues. Although studies indicate that FGIDs are related to depressive symptoms, sleep disorders, and somatic symptoms, the underlying mechanism between these variables remains unknown. Our objective was to establish a model that outlines the interactions between these psychological dimensions in FGIDs and, thus, provide valuable insights into how to enhance the well‐being of affected individuals.Methods: This study used the convenient sampling method to enroll patients who visited the digestive internal medicine department. A total of 238 patients were investigated using the Rome IV criteria (irritable bowel syndrome used Rome Ⅲ criteria). A questionnaire including the Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐12 was used. The chain mediating roles of sleep disorders and somatic symptoms in the relationship between depressive symptoms and FGIDs were examined by the bootstrap method.Results: Correlation analysis revealed that depressive symptoms were positively related to sleep disorders, somatic symptoms, and FGIDs. Sleep disorders were positively related to somatic symptoms and FGIDs. Somatic symptoms were positively related to FGIDs. Chain mediating effect analysis showed that depressive symptoms can not only affect FGIDs but also through three indirect paths, as follows: the mediating role of sleep disorders and somatic symptoms, the chain mediating roles of sleep disorders and somatic symptoms, and the mediating effect size accounted for 7.2%, 7.7%, and 2.5% of the total effect, respectively.Conclusions: This study is conducive to understanding the internal mechanism underlying the relationship between depressive symptoms and FGIDs. It reminds us that when treating FGIDs patients, we should not only provide adequate psychological support to improve but also pay attention to improvements in their sleep quality and somatic symptoms.
Role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene Polymorphisms on Lung Cancer Susceptibility and Effect on Platinum‐Based Chemotherapy‐Induced Toxicity in Bangladeshi Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Nairuz Tahsin , Kabir Yearul 
Published: November 2024

Background: Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) play a significant role in carcinogen detoxification, and hence, polymorphisms of this gene may lead to lung cancer susceptibility. Accordingly, this study is aimed at investigating GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms’ association with lung cancer risk and their effects on the toxicities of platinum‐based chemotherapy used to treat Bangladeshi lung cancer patients.Methods: The study subjects comprised 180 lung cancer patients and 200 healthy volunteers. Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were analyzed using a multiplex PCR–based method. Chemotherapy toxicity was evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0).Results: GSTM1 null genotype was found to be significantly associated with a 1.6‐fold increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.01–2.52, p = 0.0491), whereas no significant association was observed with GSTT1 null genotype and combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype. Moreover, no significant relationship was observed between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and the increased risk of platinum‐based chemotherapy‐induced toxicities in lung cancer patients.Conclusions: These findings indicated that the GSTM1 null but not GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with lung cancer susceptibility. These polymorphisms were not related to platinum‐based chemotherapy‐induced toxicities in Bangladeshi lung cancer patients.
Novel Amanitin-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugates Targeting TROP2 for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Papacharisi Eleni , Braun Alexandra C. , Vranic Marija , Pahl Andreas M. , Hechler Torsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) exhibits aberrant expression in pancreatic cancer, correlating with metastasis, advanced tumor stage, and poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. TROP2 has been recognized as a promising therapeutic target for antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), as evidenced by the approval of the anti-TROP2 ADC Trodelvy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we report the generation of novel second-generation amanitin-based ADCs (ATAC) targeting TROP2, comprising the humanized RS7 antibody of Trodelvy (hRS7) and the highly potent payload amanitin. The specific in vitro binding, efficient antigen internalization, and high cytotoxicity of hRS7 ATACs with EC50 values in the picomolar range in TROP2-expressing cells constituted the foundation for preclinical in vivo evaluation. The hRS7 ATACs demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor growth in vivo in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models of pancreatic cancer and TNBC at well-tolerated doses. The antitumor efficacy correlated with the level of TROP2 expression on the tumors and the in vivo tumor uptake of the ATACs. The long half-life of 9.7 to 10.7 days of hRS7 ATACs without premature payload release in serum supported a high therapeutic index. Notably, the efficacy of the hRS7 ATACs was superior to that of Trodelvy with complete tumor eradication in both refractory pancreatic cancer and TNBC xenograft models. In summary, hRS7 ATACs represent a highly effective and well-tolerated targeted therapy, and our data support their development for pancreatic cancer and other TROP2-expressing tumors.