bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biostimulant and Micronutrient Applications in the Production of Acacia mangium Seedlings
Authors: Alves Nathália Ferreira , Lima Sebastião Ferreira de , Lima Ana Paula Leite de , Simon Catia Aparecida , Virgilio Damis Pedro Paulo 
Published: July 2019

Aims: Evaluate the effects of applying biostimulant and micronutrients on Acacia mangium Willd seedlings.
Study Design: A randomized complete block design was used in a 2x5 factorial scheme, with four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, at the Chapadão do Sul Campus, MS, with the geographical coordinates 18º46’ 44” S and 52º36’ 49” W, in a nursery area from October 2015 to January 2016.
Methodology: The treatments consisted of a combination of the presence or absence of a solution containing micronutrients and five doses of biostimulant (0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0 mL per L of water). The commercial product Stimulate™ was used as the biostimulant, and the micronutrient solution was prepared at the concentration of 1.0%. The micronutrients in the solution were in the following formulations: ZnS04, H3BO3 and CuS04. The seeds were sown in tubes containing the commercial substrate Carolina Soil do Brasil, together with the use of Osmocote Plus™ fertilizer.
Results: The use of biostimulant associated with micronutrients favored the rate of emergency speed. The doses of 24.8, 14.0 and 26.1 mL L-1 of biostimulant water provided the highest values for leaf area, plant height and total dry mass, respectively, when associated with the use of micronutrients. The height / diameter ratio decreased with increasing doses of biostimulant, while the Dicson quality index increased in the same condition.
Conclusion: The use of micronutrients and biostimulants were favourable for the production of A. mangium seedlings. Only the height/diameter ratio (HDR) reduced for all biostimulant doses.
Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy on Biology Students’ Academic Performance in Senior Secondary School in Rivers State
Authors: Gloria Ibemenji Kingdom-Aaron, , Sunday Etokeren, Inibehe , Chijioke Okwelle, P. 
Published: July 2019

Aims: This study investigated the effect of cooperative learning strategy on students’ academic performance in biology in Senior Secondary Schools in Rivers State.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: Port Harcourt, Rivers State, located in the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria, West Africa.
Methodology: The population consist of 2,150 Senior Secondary three biology students out of which 120 students of intact classes in selected schools formed the sample. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The instrument used in data collection was Biology Performance Test developed by the researchers. The test items were selected from standardized past questions of Senior School Certificate Examinations conducted by The West African Examinations Council and validated by two lecturers in Science Education and one lecturer in Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability coefficient was determined by test retest method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to be 0.78. Mean, standard deviation and t-test at .05 level of significance were used for data analysis.
Results: The results of the study revealed a significant difference in performance between students taught biology with cooperative learning strategy and those taught with conventional lecture method. Students in the experimental group where cooperative learning teaching strategy was adopted scored significantly higher in biology performance test than those in lecture method group. There was no significant difference in performance based on gender (male and female) and school type (public or private).
Conclusion: Cooperative learning strategy is more effective in teaching and enhances biology students’ performance than the conventional lecture method.
Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss Management for Efficient Inverted Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Li Yifan , Yang Shaopeng , Yan Shan , Liu Xiaoyu , Shi Guodong , He Tingwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are often used as the top cells of tandem solar cells (TSCs) to break the theoretical efficiency limit of single‐junction photovoltaic devices. Nevertheless, the serious open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss issue in WBG perovskite systems restricts the development of high‐performance solar cells. Based on understanding the physical mechanism that determines the VOC of photovoltaics, the dominant factors of larger VOC loss are summarized in WBG perovskite systems from three aspects: crystal defects, film composition, and device structure. Then the VOC loss issue is targeted from three perspectives: defect passivation of crystals, crystallization dynamics regulation of films, and carrier dynamics management of devices. Finally, the role of transparent conductive oxide materials and interconnect layers in the VOC loss of TSCs are reviewed. By summarizing recent research progress, the review provides a new perspective to improve the performance of WBG PSCs.
Intercalation‐Assisted In Situ Exfoliation of Cu2Se Nanosheets as Anode for Ultralong‐Life Aqueous “Rocking‐Chair” Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bai Youcun , Lv Qidong , Wu Zhixian , Sun Wei , Liang Wenhao , Zhang Heng , Ma Ruguang , Li Chang Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are a potential energy storage device due to their low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the problems of Zn metal anode lead to low coulombic efficiency and safety problems, thus hindering the practical application of AZIBs. Therefore, developing zinc‐metal free anode materials can effectively avoid the problems. Herein, an intercalation‐assisted in situ exfoliation mechanism is reported to obtain Cu2Se nanosheets (E‐Cu2Se) during the electrochemical reaction. The good conductivity of Cu2Se nanosheets ensures the rapid (de)intercalation of zinc ions and excellent charge transport properties in Cu2Se. Furthermore, Cu2Se not only has strong structural stability itself but also can effectively inhibit zinc dendrite through the conversion of copper between the cathode and anode. The results show that the E‐Cu2Se electrode has a low intercalation potential (≈0.4 V) and a high specific capacity of 284.8 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. Meanwhile, a “rocking‐chair” aqueous zinc‐ion battery assembled with ZnxMnO2 as cathode delivers a specific capacity of 40 mAh g−1 after 60 000 cycles. The exfoliation mechanism of E‐Cu2Se is discussed based on various characterization techniques and theoretical calculations. This study is expected to provide a new avenue for the development high‐performance “rocking‐chair” AZIBs.
FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments
Authors: Thompson Samuel , Zhang Yanrong , Yang Zijian , Nichols Lisa , Fordyce Polly M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiphasic environments can enable successful chemical reactions where any single solvent results in poor substrate solubility or poor catalyst reactivity. For screening biphasic reactions at high throughput, a platform based on microfluidic double emulsions can use widely available FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting) machines to screen millions of picoliter reactors in a few hours. However, encapsulating biphasic reactions within double emulsions to form FACS‐sortable droplet picoreactors requires optimized solvent phases and surfactants to produce triple emulsion droplets that are stable over multi‐hour assays and compatible with desired reaction conditions. This work demonstrates such FACS‐sortable triple emulsion picoreactors with a fluorocarbon shell and biphasic octanol‐in‐water core. First, surfactants are screened to stabilize octanol‐in‐water emulsions for the picoreactor core. With these optimized conditions, stable triple emulsion picoreactors (>70% of droplets survived to 24 hr), produced protein in the biphasic core via cell‐free protein synthesis are generated, and sorted these triple emulsions based on fluorescence using a commercial FACS sorter at >100 Hz with 75–80% of droplets recovered. Finally, an in‐droplet lipase assay with a fluorogenic resorufin substrate that partitions into octanol is demonstrated. These triple emulsion picoreactors have the potential for future screening bead‐encoded catalyst libraries, including enzymes such as lipases for biofuel production.
Photothermal Laser Printing of Sub‐Micrometer Crystalline ZnO Structures
Authors: Steurer Matthias , Somers Paul , Kraft Kristian , Grünewald Lukas , Kraus Steven , Feist Florian , Weinert Bastian , Müller Erich , Dehnen Stefanie , Feldmann Claus , Eggeler Yolita M. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Wegener Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring light‐driven 3D additive manufacturing, an object represented in digital form is initially translated into a spatial distribution of light intensity (sequentially or in parallel), which then results in a spatial material distribution. To date, this process typically proceeds by photoexcitation of small functional molecules, leading to photochemically induced crosslinking of soft materials. Alternatively, thermal triggers can be employed, yet thermal processes are often slow and provide only low spatial localization. Nevertheless, sub‐micrometer ZnO structures for functional microelectronic devices have recently been laser‐printed. Herein, the photothermal laser‐printing of ZnO is advanced by i) introducing single‐crystalline rather than amorphous sub‐micrometer ZnO shapes that crystallize in the hexagonal ZnO wurtzite structure, ii) employing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) instead of water, enabling higher local process temperatures without micro‐bubble formation, and iii) using substrates tailored for light absorption and heat management, resolving the challenge of light to heat conversion. Finally, the herein‐demonstrated ZnO printing requires no post‐processing and is a cleanroom‐free technique for the fabrication of crystalline semiconductors.
Microfluidic Nanoparticle Separation for Precision Medicine
Authors: Lan Zhenwei , Chen Rui , Zou Da , Zhao Chun‐Xia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA deeper understanding of disease heterogeneity highlights the urgent need for precision medicine. Microfluidics, with its unique advantages, such as high adjustability, diverse material selection, low cost, high processing efficiency, and minimal sample requirements, presents an ideal platform for precision medicine applications. As nanoparticles, both of biological origin and for therapeutic purposes, become increasingly important in precision medicine, microfluidic nanoparticle separation proves particularly advantageous for handling valuable samples in personalized medicine. This technology not only enhances detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment accuracy, but also reduces invasiveness in medical procedures. This review summarizes the fundamentals of microfluidic nanoparticle separation techniques for precision medicine, starting with an examination of nanoparticle properties essential for separation and the core principles that guide various microfluidic methods. It then explores passive, active, and hybrid separation techniques, detailing their principles, structures, and applications. Furthermore, the review highlights their contributions to advancements in liquid biopsy and nanomedicine. Finally, it addresses existing challenges and envisions future development spurred by emerging technologies such as advanced materials science, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence. These interdisciplinary collaborations are anticipated to propel the platformization of microfluidic separation techniques, significantly expanding their potential in precision medicine.
Vacuum‐Assisted Confined Growth of MOF@COF Composite Membranes with Enhanced Hydrogen Permselectivity
Authors: Li Siqi , Wan Zheng , Jin Chunxin , Hao Jinlin , Li Yanhong , Chen Xiaofang , Caro Jürgen , Huang Aisheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith ordered and periodic network structures, adjustable pore sizes and high chemical stability, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have drawn much attention for the fabrication of superior separation membranes. However, it is challenging to prepare COF membranes with a molecular sieving property for gas separation due to their relatively large pore size. In this work, we develop the MOF‐in‐COF concept for vacuum‐assisted synthesis of metal–organic framework (MOF) ZIF‐8 inside the pores of TB‐COF formed from trihydroxy‐benzene‐tricarbaldehyde (T) and diamino‐biphenyl‐disulfonic acid (B), thus constructing a novel ZIF‐8@TB‐COF membrane. Attributing to the formation of a well‐defined one‐dimensional (1D) nanoscale transport channel, the ZIF‐8@TB‐COF membrane displays a high hydrogen permselectivity. At 100 °C and 200 kPa, the mixture separation factors of H2/CO2, H2/CH4 and H2/C3H8 are 21.9, 63.1 and 134.4, respectively, which are much higher than those of the pristine TB‐COF membrane due to the precise size sieving channels brought about by the incorporated MOF. The synthesis of ZIF‐67@TB‐COF membrane demonstrates the versatility of the synthesis strategy.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed α‐Regioselective Hydroboration of Allenes
Authors: Tan Yun‐Xuan , Li Shijia , Chen Liang , Huang Jing , Zhang Chaoshen , Song Lijuan , Zhang Xinhao , Wu Yun‐Dong , Sun Jianwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydroboration of allenes is powerful and atom‐economic approach to the synthesis of organoboranes, such as the highly versatile allylboranes. However, regarding regiocontrol, existing methods uniformly deliver the boron functionality to the less hindered β‐ or γ‐position, but not the α‐position. The latter is particularly challenging for allenes with substantial steric difference between the two terminals and lacking electronic bias (e.g., 1,1‐disubstituted allenes). Herein we report the first highly efficient ruthenium‐catalyzed hydroboration of allenes featuring exclusive α‐regioselectivity, providing access to sterically hindered allyl boranes that are limitedly accessible by conventional methods. DFT studies suggested that the unusual α‐regioselectivity is attributed to the disfavored reductive elimination at the γ‐position due to the high energy cost required to overcome the agostic interaction and rotation of the key π‐allyl intermediates. This protocol is also applicable to the previously unprecedented α‐hydroalkynylation and underdeveloped α‐hydrosilylation of allenes, thus complementing known catalytic systems and providing convenient access to highly congested yet densely‐functionalized allyl silanes and skipped enynes bearing a fully‐substituted allylic carbon center. It is expected that this ruthenium‐catalyzed system can serve as a new platform for the development of other hydrofunctionalization processes with unorthodox selectivity.
Rendering Proteins Fluorescent Inconspicuously: Genetically Encoded 4‐Cyanotryptophan Conserves Their Structure and Enables the Detection of Ligand Binding Sites
Authors: Qianzhu Haocheng , Abdelkader Elwy H. , Welegedara Adarshi P. , Habel Edan , Paul Nathan , Frkic Rebecca L. , Jackson Colin J. , Huber Thomas , Otting Gottfried 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCyanotryptophans (CN‐Trp) are privileged multimodal reporters on protein structure. They are similar in size to the canonical amino acid tryptophan and some of them exhibit bright fluorescence which responds sensitively to changes in the environment. We selected aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases specific for 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐CN‐Trp for high‐yield in vivo production of proteins with a single, site‐specifically introduced nitrile label. The absorption maximum of 4‐CN‐Trp is distinct from Trp, allowing the selective excitation of its intense fluorescence. 4‐CN‐Trp fluoresces in the visible range with an intensity rivalling that of 7‐hydroxy‐coumarin. Crystal structures of maltose binding protein demonstrate near‐complete structural conservation when a native buried Trp residue is replaced by 4‐CN‐Trp. Besides presenting an inconspicuous tag for live cell microscopy, the intense fluorescence of 4‐CN‐Trp enables measurements of subnanomolar ligand binding affinities in isotropic solution, as demonstrated by the complex between rapamycin and the peptidyl–prolyl isomerase FKBP12 furnished with a 4‐CN‐Trp residue in the substrate binding pocket. Furthermore, 4‐CN‐Trp residues positioned at different locations of a protein containing multiple tryptophan residues permits using fluorescence quenching experiments to detect the proximity of individual Trp residues to the binding site of aromatic ligands.
Structural Bifurcation in the High→Low‐Spin and Low→High‐Spin Phase Transitions Explains the Asymmetric Spin‐Crossover in [FeL2][BF4]2 (L=2,6‐Di{pyrazol‐1‐yl}isonicotinonitrile)
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Hall Amy , Vasili Hari Babu , Kulmaczewski Rafal , Kulak Alexander N. , Cespedes Oscar , Pask Christopher M. , Brammer Lee , Roseveare Thomas M. , Halcrow Malcolm A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolycrystalline [FeL2][BF4]2 (L=2,6‐di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)isonicotinonitrile) exhibits an abrupt hysteretic spin transition near 240 K, with a shoulder on the warming branch whose appearance depends on the sample history. The freshly isolated material is a ca 60 : 40 mixture of triclinic (HS1) and tetragonal (HS2) high‐spin polymorphs, which are structurally closely related. Both HS1 and HS2 undergo a high→low‐spin transition on cooling at 230±10 K. HS1 transforms to a new triclinic low‐spin phase with a doubled unit cell volume (LS3), while HS2 forms a monoclinic low‐spin phase (LS4) with similar unit cell dimensions to HS2. Single crystals of LS3 and LS4 both convert to HS1 on rewarming. The low→high‐spin transition for LS4 is ca 10 K higher in temperature than for LS3, explaining the asymmetric thermal hysteresis. Powder diffraction, calorimetry and magnetic data show that multiple cycling about the spin‐transition leads to slow enrichment of the HS1 and LS3 phases at the expense of HS2 and LS4. That is consistent with the HS2/LS4 fraction of the polycrystalline sample undergoing rare, bifurcated HS2→(LS3+LS4) and LS4→(HS1+HS2) phase transitions. The rate of enrichment of HS1/LS3 differed between these experiments, implying it is sample and/or measurement‐dependent. Three other salts of this iron(II) complex and the coordination polymer [Ag(μ‐L)]BF4 are also briefly described.
Mimicking the CO2‐Bound State of the [Ni,Fe]‐CO Dehydrogenase
Authors: Wolff Siad , Hofmann Arne , Krause Konstantin B. , Weisser Kilian , Cula Beatrice. , Lohmiller Thomas , Herwig Christian , Limberg Christian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractComplexes, where a doubly reduced CO22− (carbonite) ligand is spanned between a nickel(II) centre and a transition metal(II) ion (TM=Fe, Co, Zn) have been accessed. In non‐coordinating solvents the carbonite ligand exhibits a flexible coordination behaviour as observed by NMR spectroscopy and supported by DFT calculations. In particular the [Ni‐CO2‐Fe] representative replicates the respective entity in an intermediate formed during CO2‐conversion by the enzyme [Ni,Fe]‐CODH in many ways (structure, spectroscopic properties, reactivity). Our investigations reveal that transition metal ions reduce the reduction potential of the carbonite unit but increase its tendency to undergo C−O bond cleavage. This may explain the choice of an iron(II) ion instead of a s‐ or p‐block‐based Lewis acid as part of the active site.
Binder‐Mediated Supramolecular Polymerization with Controllable Gel‐to‐Crystal Transformation in Metal‐Organic Polyhedra
Authors: Nath Das Tarak , Jena Rohan , Ghosh Goutam , Fernández Gustavo , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractControlling supramolecular polymerization across various length scales through metal‐organic polyhedra in aqueous media enables functional nanomaterial fabrication beyond traditional π‐chromophoric systems. Herein, we present a straightforward strategy to tune the nano‐ and microscopic structural evolution of a co‐assembled system. Ga‐MOC ([Ga8(ImDC)12]12−, ImDC = imidazoledicarboxylate) is introduced as a discrete unit, while the Ni‐ethylenediamine complex [Ni(en)3]2+ (Ni‐en), served as the binder towards supramolecular polymerization. Comprehensive investigations revealed that adjusting the binder ratio in the bicomponent (Ga‐MOC and Ni‐en) co‐assembly process allows precise control over nanostructure length and evolution by influencing both the kinetics and thermodynamics of the assembly. At higher concentrations, this assembly forms a hydrogel above a critical binder ratio. Furthermore, the binder′s ratio significantly influences the viscoelastic strength of the hydrogels by modulating the connectivity between the MOCs through hydrogen (H)‐bonding. Intriguingly, the hydrogels gradually transformed into crystals without any external stimuli, with different timescales regulated by the binder ratio. Single crystal structure determination reveals a 3D structure composed of Ga‐MOC and Ni‐en, extended through charge‐assisted H‐bonding (CAHB) interactions, resulting through the transformation from a kinetically controlled gel state to a thermodynamically stable crystal product. This study provides an understanding of binder‐mediated control over nanostructural evolution in co‐assembled MOCs.
A pilot‐scale study of potable reuse impacts on surface water treatment
Authors: Seshan Hari , Adelman Michael J. , Russell Paige J. , Quicho Joseph , Daft Daniel , Watson Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterest is growing in direct potable reuse where advanced‐treated water and raw water are blended and fed directly to a water treatment plant (WTP). However, the impacts of raw water augmentation on treatability at drinking water treatment plants have not been studied extensively. A pilot‐scale treatment system, consisting of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration, was set up at a WTP to treat potential future blends of advanced‐treated water and current raw water. The pilot plant was run with blends from 20% to 100% advanced‐treated water at a range of filtration rates (2–9 gpm/sf) and coagulant doses. Under all conditions, filterable water was produced, achieving acceptable turbidity removal. Turbidity removal by sedimentation was variable (30%–90%). Filtration performance was more consistent, exceeding 90% turbidity reduction under all conditions and achieving lower headloss accumulation rates at higher advanced‐treated water share. These results are optimistic for potable reuse schemes featuring raw water augmentation.