bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rubisco activation by wheat Rubisco activase isoform 2β is insensitive to inhibition by ADP
Authors: Perdomo Juan Alejandro , Degen Gustaf E. , Worrall Dawn , Carmo-Silva Elizabete 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rubisco activase (Rca) is a catalytic chaperone that remodels the active site, promotes the release of inhibitors and restores catalytic competence to Rubisco. Rca activity and its consequent effect on Rubisco activation and photosynthesis are modulated by changes to the chloroplast environment induced by fluctuations in light levels that reach the leaf, including redox status and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. The Triticum aestivum (wheat) genome encodes for three Rca protein isoforms: 1β (42.7 kDa), 2β (42.2 kDa) and 2α (46.0 kDa). The regulatory properties of these isoforms were characterised by measuring rates of Rubisco activation and ATP hydrolysis by purified recombinant Rca proteins in the presence of physiological ADP/ATP ratios. ATP hydrolysis by all three isoforms was sensitive to inhibition by increasing amounts of ADP in the assay. In contrast, Rubisco activation activity of Rca 2β was insensitive to ADP inhibition, while Rca 1β and 2α were inhibited. Two double and one quadruple site-directed mutants were designed to elucidate if differences in the amino acid sequences between Rca 1β and 2β could explain the differences in ADP sensitivity. Changing two amino acids in Rca 2β to the corresponding residues in 1β (T358K & Q362E) resulted in significant inhibition of Rubisco activation in presence of ADP. The results show that the wheat Rca isoforms differ in their regulatory properties and that amino acid changes in the C domain influence ADP sensitivity. Advances in the understanding of Rubisco regulation will aid efforts to improve the efficiency of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation.
Age at last birth and risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yanjun , Sun Wenjun , Xin Xueling , Wang Weijing , Zhang Dongfeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Many epidemiologic studies have explored the association between age at last birth (ALB) and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, but the results remain controversial. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang Med Online for relevant articles published up to April 2019. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effect model. Dose–response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model. Results: Thirteen articles with 19,959 cases and 2,451,071 participants were included in our meta-analysis, and we found that ALB was negatively associated with epithelial ovarian cancer. The pooled RR (95% CI) of epithelial ovarian cancer for the highest versus the lowest stratification of ALB was 0.77 (0.65–0.91). Furthermore, significantly negative associations were shown in case–control studies (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60–0.88), studies conducted in North America (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60–0.84), studies with adjustment for parity (RR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.63–0.93), studies with adjustment for tubal ligation (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58–0.94), in the subgroup analysis. In dose–response analysis, the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer decreased nonlinearly with the increase of ALB, and the negative results become significant when ALB was 22.5 years old. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that ALB was negatively associated with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. The risk of epithelial ovarian cancer decreased gradually with the ALB for women.
Hyper-osmolarity environment-induced oxidative stress injury promotes nucleus pulposus cell senescence in vitro
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Li Haopeng , Yang Kai , Guo Shuai , Wang Jie , Feng Chaoshuai , Chen Huayou 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence is involved in disc degeneration. The in situ osmolarity within the NP region is an important regulator of disc cell’s biology. However, its effects on NP cell senescence remain unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of hyper-osmolarity on NP cell senescence. Rat NP cells were cultured in the in situ-osmolarity medium and hyper-osmolarity medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was added along with the medium to investigate the role of oxidative injury. Cell cycle, cell proliferation, senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, telomerase activity, expression of senescence markers (p16 and p53) and matrix molecules (aggrecan and collagen II) were tested to assess NP cell senescence. Compared with the in situ-osmolarity culture, hyper-osmolarity culture significantly decreased cell proliferation and telomerase activity, increased SA-β-Gal activity and cell fraction in the G0/G1 phase, up-regulated expression of senescence markers (p16 and p53) and down-regulated expression of matrix molecules (aggrecan and collagen II), and increased intracellular ROS accumulation. However, addition of NAC partly reversed these effects of hyper-osmolarity culture on cellular senescence and decreased ROS content in NP cells. In conclusion, a hyper-osmolarity culture promotes NP cell senescence through inducing oxidative stress injury. The present study provides new knowledge on NP cell senescence and helps us to better understand the mechanism of disc degeneration.
Microstrip switchable diplexer based on dual‐mode stub‐loaded stepped‐impedance resonators with three operating states
Authors: Chen C.‐F. , Chen R.‐Y. , Zhou K.‐W. , He Y.‐H. 
Published: August 2019

A new three‐state switchable diplexer based on dual‐mode stub‐loaded stepped‐impedance resonators (SL‐SIRs) has been proposed. The three‐state diplexer comprised six SL‐SIRs with a distributed coupling structure. By appropriately adjusting the structural parameters of the SL‐SIRs, a two‐pole filtering response can be implemented at each channel passband. In addition, three p‐i‐n diodes, which were connected to the T‐junction of the input coupled‐line, were used to control the switching between the three operating states. Moreover, each operating state can be switched independently. For the purpose of demonstration, a three‐state switchable diplexer was designed and fabricated using microstrip technology. The simulated results were consistent with the measured results, which indicate that the proposed switchable diplexer not only has a good in‐band performance but also provides good isolation of better than 25 dB between output channels.
Study on the ratio change measurement of 1000 kV HVDC divider based on improved DC voltage summation method
Authors: Li Dengyun , Liu Kaipei , Lei Min , Zhou Feng , Yue Changxi , Yu Jicheng 
Published: August 2019

Determining the voltage ratio change is one of the core issues in the traceability of the DC voltage divider. Basing on the previous research results, this study proposes an improved DC voltage summation method to evaluate the voltage division ratio error of 1000 kV DC resistance divider. The principle of the method is to calibrate the voltage divider with rated voltage 2U by using two auxiliary voltage dividers which are with rated voltage U, wherein the high‐voltage (HV) arm and the low‐voltage arm of the auxiliary voltage divider can be separated. Research results show that compared with the conventional method, the method can reduce one measurement variable when determining the divider's ratio change, thus simplifying the calibration process. The voltage ratio of 100 kV measured by the method of this study was well‐verified by the calibration results from the National Institute of Metrology (NIM, China) and Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB, Germany). Using the proposed method, the ratio change of DC voltage divider at an applied voltage of 1000 kV was effectively obtained and the uncertainty of 2.5 μV/V was achieved. Research results can provide technical guarantee for the accurate measurement of HVDC magnitude.
Simple liver cysts and cystoid lesions in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a retrospective cohort study with Hounsfield analysis
Authors: Engler Agata , Shi Rong , Beer Meinrad , Schmidberger Julian , Kratzer Wolfgang , Barth Thomas F. E. , Grimm Johannes , Hillenbrand Andreas , Henne-Bruns Doris , Gruener Beate , Beer Ambros J. , Graeter Tilmann 
Published: August 2019

Background. Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a rare zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. AE lesions affect the liver in more than 98% of cases. AE lesions have various morphological characteristics that are described in the Echinococcus multilocularis Ulm classification for computed tomography (EMUC-CT). One of these characteristics is a cystoid portion. The aim of the study was to compare the density of simple hepatic cysts with cystoid portions of AE lesions classified on the basis of the EMUC-CT. Results. Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurements of the cystoid portions of all EMUC-CT type I–IV AE lesions (n = 155) gave a mean of 21.8 ± 17.6, which was significantly different from that of 2.9 ± 4.5 for the simple hepatic cysts (p < 0.0001). The difference between each of the individual AE types and simple hepatic cysts was also significant. In addition, the HU values of the cystoid portions in types I, II and IIIa/b and simple cysts were each significantly different from type IV (p < 0.0001). The HU measurements in type IV presented by far the highest mean. Conclusions. The significantly higher density measured in the cystoid portions of hepatic AE lesions offers a good means of differentiation from simple hepatic cysts.
The Past, Present and Future of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Facelift
Authors: Floyd Elizabeth , Perkins Stephen W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFacelift or rhytidectomy has been performed in some form for over 100 years. This article seeks to explore the evolution of this surgical procedure, focusing on the advances of the most recent 40 years. From minimal intervention to aggressive techniques and back to the minimally invasive again, the authors follow the journey of surgical intervention for facial rejuvenation and discuss some thoughts for the future.
Preoperatively Identified Sarcopenia Leads to Increased Postoperative Complications, Hospital and ICU Length of Stay in Autologous Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Pittelkow Eric M. , DeBrock Will C. , McLaughlin Briana E. , Hassanein Aladdin H. , Socas Juan , Lester Mary E. , Duquette Stephen P. 
Published: August 2019

Background Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Recently, there has been a tremendous amount of research into the prognostic value of sarcopenia in surgical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative outcomes in free flap breast reconstruction in patients with and without sarcopenia.
Methods One hundred three patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction from 2013 to 2016 were studied. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of skeletal muscle was measured from preoperative computed tomography images at L3 using the National Institutes of Health ImageJ software. CSA was then normalized to patient stature by dividing CSA by height (cm2/m2). A previously published skeletal muscle index cutoff of 38.5 cm2/m2 was used to define sarcopenia. Intraoperative and postoperative surgical outcomes were recorded retrospectively. Outcomes were analyzed using multivariate, univariate, and regression statistics.
Results Eight of the 103 (7.8%) patients were found to have sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was associated with a statistically significant increase in flap site delayed healing (37.5% vs. 20%, p = 0.046), take back to the operating room (25% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.05), intensive care unit length of stay (1.5 vs. 0.02 days, p < 0.0005), and hospital length of stay (8.38 vs. 5.49 days, p < 0.0005) when compared with patients without sarcopenia. There were no significant differences in flap loss, surgical site infection, hematoma, seroma, donor site delayed healing, intraoperative complications, and number of revision surgeries.
Conclusion Sarcopenia is significantly associated with increased complications in patients undergoing free flap breast reconstruction. Further investigation into the biochemical and physiologic changes associated with sarcopenia is needed.
Thin Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Ebner Peggy J. , Gould Daniel J. , Patel Ketan M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThin flaps, a modification of traditional flaps that minimize the need for debulking and revision, offer unique advantages in the field of lower limb reconstruction. Advances in the field of microsurgery have made this streamlined method of reconstruction a viable solution for soft tissue coverage in patients with both trauma and nonhealing wounds. Better understanding of anatomy has allowed for flap harvest above the fascia level and the Scarpal plane. These modifications allow for flap transfer with thicknesses more comparable to the native anatomy of the lower leg, ankle, and foot. Flap survival is comparable to traditional techniques with greater potential for improved patient-centered outcomes.
Management of Lifestyle Factors in Individuals with Cirrhosis: A Pragmatic Review
Authors: Tandon Puneeta , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLifestyle-related factors are major determinants/modifiers of prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that malnutrition, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol and smoking habits, and likely poor oral hygiene can increase the risk of progression of the disease, and some of them are linked to higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Importantly, lifestyle-related factors can be largely corrected, and as such they represent an attractive approach to be added to etiological and pharmacological therapy in patients with cirrhosis. Nonetheless, lifestyle is often neglected in this population. In this concise review, the authors present evidence supporting lifestyle changes in patients with cirrhosis—including, but not limited to, nutrition and physical activity in malnourished and obese patients. They also discuss some elements of motivational interviews as a tool to support a better interaction between hepatologists and patients in this field.
Therapeutische Fortbildung: Wissen, was wichtig ist
Authors: Alt D. Benjamin 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungLebenslanges Lernen ist für Therapeuten unabdingbar, um Patienten immer eine bestmögliche Behandlung nach aktuellem Wissensstand gewährleisten zu können. Das
VPTMAGAZIN befragte VPT-Justiziar D. Benjamin Alt zum Thema Fortbildungen. Wir wollten wissen, was Therapeuten Rechtliches im Jahr 2019 beachten
sollten.
Chronic wasting disease and implications for cervid populations.
Authors: Ketz A. C. , Storm D. J. , Samuel M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious prion disease affecting four species of free-ranging and captive cervids in North America. Geographic detection and distribution of CWD notably increased after 2002, although the disease has been present in North America since at least the 1960s. CWD is characterized by a prolonged course of individual infection, lengthy epizootics that last for decades, and delayed population effects until after prevalence has reached a sufficient level. We comprehensively reviewed and synthesized the available literature on CWD to assess the current state of the science on disease dynamics and population impacts. We examine transmission dynamics and mechanisms, geographic spread, infection patterns, genetics of hosts, disease effects on demographic rates and ultimately the effects on population growth rates. The early phase of a CWD epizootic is characterized by slowly increasing prevalence and geographic spread, but these eventually accelerate and lead to declines in survival and recruitment that drive population reductions. The threshold for these population impacts depends on species-specific demography, genetics, transmission and numerous factors influencing cervid infection and mortality. As prevalence and spread continue to accelerate, management actions to mitigate CWD impacts will be challenging, costly and will likely require changes in how we manage cervid populations.
Inflammation and necrosis syndrome (SINS) in swine.
Authors: Reiner G. , Lechner M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Minimizing pain, suffering and damage are essential factors in animal welfare. However, swine inflammation and necrosis syndrome (SINS) leads to significant clinical findings of inflammation and necrosis at the extremities in pigs. Tail, ears, coronary bands, soles, heels, claw walls, navel and face are frequently included. Early symptoms include loss of bristles, redness and swelling and can develop into exudative inflammation and necrosis. A high proportion of pigs seem to be affected, and suckling piglets have been born with SINS. Significant differences in the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways of the liver underline the importance of metabolism in the development and expression of SINS. The aim of the current review is to compile the most important factors of SINS and identify the most probable causes. Given the significant impairment of animal welfare caused by the lesions, there is an urgent need to raise awareness among pig farmers and to understand and counteract the multifactorial causality, including genetics, involved in SINS in swine.
Generating strong anti-bunching by interfering nonclassical and classical states of light
Authors: Boddeda Rajiv , Glorieux Quentin , Bramati Alberto , Pigeon Simon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In quantum optics, the second-order correlation function g
(2)(τ) characterizes the photon statistics of a state of light and can be used to distinguish between its classical or quantum nature. In this article, we study a simple setup which offers the possibility to generate quantum states of light with very small g
(2)(0), a signature of strong anti-bunched light. This can be achieved by mixing on a beamsplitter a coherent state with a nonclassical state, such as a squeezed state, and even with a bunched state (g
(2)(0) > 1) such as a Schrödinger cat state. We elucidate the interference mechanism generating such strong anti-bunching and relate it to the unconventional photon blockade. We also detail how this effect can be applied to detect weakly squeezed states of light.
In vivo measurement of pre-operational spallation source workers: baseline body burden levels and detection limits of relevant gamma emitters using high-resolution gamma spectrometry
Authors: Rääf Christopher L , Almén Anja , Johansson Lena , Stenström Kristina Eriksson 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As a measure to prepare for long-term internal dose monitoring of workers at the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden, operated by the European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), as well as to enhance emergency preparedness against accidental releases, a series of in vivo measurements were conducted using a high-resolution HPGe detector with a 123% relative efficiency (1.332 MeV). This study describes the whole-body counting set-up, calibration procedure, and subsequent validation measurements using conventional NaI(Tl)-scanning-bed geometry on a selection of workers from the ESS. Detection limits for the relevant gamma emitters 7Be, 172Hf, and 182Ta were determined to be 65 Bq, 130 Bq, and 22 Bq, respectively, using a 2400 s acquisition time. The baseline measurements suggest that care must be taken to ensure that the fluctuations in the presence of radon daughters 214Bi and 214Pb are minimised by, for example, ensuring a minimum air exchange between the measuring room and the ambient air, and by demanding that the measured subjects change clothes and shower before measurement. Furthermore, in a monitoring program for internal doses to spallation source workers, the presence of radionuclides originating from non-work-related sources (such as 226Ra from private water wells or 137Cs from intakes of Chernobyl contaminated foodstuffs), or radionuclides from previous work history (such as 60Co within the nuclear power industry), must be considered.
An x-ray regenerative amplifier free-electron laser using diamond pinhole mirrors
Authors: Freund H P , van der Slot P J M , Shvyd’ko Yu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) rely on SASE due to the lack of seed lasers and the difficulty in obtaining mirrors. Progress in diamond crystal Bragg mirrors enables the design of x-ray FEL oscillators. Regenerative amplifiers (RAFELs) are high gain/low-Q oscillators that out-couple most of the optical power. An x-ray RAFEL based on the LCLS-II at SLAC using a six-mirror resonator out-coupling 90% or more through a pinhole in the first downstream mirror is analyzed using the MINERVA simulation in the undulator and OPC for the resonator. Results show substantial powers at the fundamental (3.05 keV) and 3rd harmonic (9.15 keV).
Collective transport of polar active particles on the surface of a corrugated tube
Authors: Ai Bao-Quan , Zhu Wei-Jing , Liao Jing-Jing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We study collective transport of polar active particles on the surface of a corrugated tube. Particles can be rectified on the surface of the asymmetric tube. The system shows different motion patterns which are determined by the competition between alignment strength and rotational diffusion. For a given alignment strength, there exist transitions from the circulating band state to the travelling state, and finally to the disordered state when continuously changing rotational diffusion. The circulating band is a purely curvature-driven effect with no equivalent in the planar model. The rectification is greatly improved in the travelling state and greatly suppressed in the circulating band state. There exist optimal parameters (modulation amplitude, alignment strength, rotational diffusion, and self-propulsion speed) at which the rectified efficiency takes its maximal value. Remarkably, in the travelling state, we can observe current reversals by changing translational diffusion.
Split spin-squeezed Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Jing Yumang , Fadel Matteo , Ivannikov Valentin , Byrnes Tim 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We investigate and model a method for producing entanglement between two spatially separated Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). In our approach, a spin-polarized BEC is squeezed using a (S

z
)2 interaction, then are split into two separate clouds. After the split, we consider that the particle number in each cloud collapses to a fixed number. We show that this procedure is equivalent to applying an interaction corresponding to squeezing each cloud individually plus an entangling operation. We analyze the system’s inter-well entanglement properties and show that it can be detected using correlation-based entanglement criteria. The nature of the states is illustrated by Wigner functions and have the form of a correlated squeezed state. The conditional Wigner function shows high degrees of non-classicality for dimensionless squeezing times beyond

1

/

N

, where N is the number of particles per BEC.