bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliciting cultural heritage values: landscape preferences vs representative images of the city
Authors: Ginzarly Manal , Teller Jacques 
Published: February 2018

PurposeIn 2011, UNESCO recommended the application of a value-based landscape approach to cultural heritage conservation. In this framework, culture in its manifold expressions is considered as an embrace for the social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainable development. There is a need to unveil the different cultural values generated from the interaction between people and their environment since these values will help cities maintain their unique identity and integrity. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to present the results of a survey method intended to assess the range of cultural values attributed by people to the historic urban landscape (HUL).Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an experimental enquiry that combines a qualitative and a quantitative approach. It is designed to distinguish the different interpretations and outlooks of people to the HUL. It integrates landscape preference studies with investigation on representative images of the city and assesses these in relation to activities, feelings, and valued aspects of landscapes.FindingsThe main finding is that the most preferred scenes of the city are not the ones that best represent the city. Results exposed two sides of the HUL and related heritage values. The first is associated with the scenic beauty of the landscape and its aesthetic values, while the second is reflected in ordinary landscapes and everyday practices.Originality/valueThis paper provides an insight into the different interpretations and meanings of the HUL throughout the city. It provides an empirical evidence that ordinary landscapes are of great heritage value as they surpass all aspects of human environmental interaction to contribute to the image that societies make of themselves.
Self-efficacy, social support, and quality of life among primary family-member caregivers of patients with cancer in Thailand
Authors: Warapornmongkholkul Anchalee , Howteerakul Nopporn , Suwannapong Nawarat , Soparattanapaisarn Nopadol 
Published: February 2018

PurposeIn Thailand, most patients with cancer primarily receive in-home care from their family members. However, information regarding the quality of life (QoL) of the primary family-member caregivers is scarce. The purpose of this paper is to assess primary family-member caregivers’ QoL and its association with self-efficacy and social support using a Thai version of the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC).Design/methodology/approachThis hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed at a teaching hospital in Bangkok. Questionnaires were administered to 178 primary family-member caregivers of patients with cancer between June 2015 and July 2016, and their QoL was measured using a Thai translation of the CQOLC made by the research team. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 18).FindingsApproximately 79.8 percent of primary family-member caregivers were female, 86.0 percent were 18-51 years old. In total, 52.8 percent reported having a good QoL, 60.1 percent reported a moderate level of perceived self-efficacy, and 56.7 percent reported a high level of perceived social support for providing care. Primary family-member caregivers, who provided care for male cancer patients and were co-responsible for covering the patient’s cost of care, had a lower level of perceived self-efficacy and perceived social support. They also reported having poorer QoL. The patients’ characteristics were more strongly associated with the family-member caregivers’ QoL, than the family-member caregivers’ characteristics, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived social support.Originality/valueApproximately 50 percent of primary family-member caregivers reported having a good QoL. Healthcare providers should incorporate the self-efficacy concept to help improve primary family caregiver’s self-efficacy to provide care to patients with cancer, especially for individuals who are caring for male patients, and provide counseling for primary family-member caregivers regarding ways to obtain the necessary social and financial support to improve their QoL.
Evaluating the investment feasibility and industrial implementation of changeable and reconfigurable manufacturing concepts
Authors: Andersen Ann-Louise , Brunoe Thomas Ditlev , Nielsen Kjeld , Bejlegaard Mads 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a decisions support tool that can be applied in initial stages of design, for evaluating the investment feasibility of changeable and reconfigurable manufacturing design concepts, based on future demand predictions and their uncertainties. A quantitative model is proposed, which evaluates the discounted value of capital and operating costs of changeable manufacturing design concepts, based on essential characteristics regarding their type and extent of changeability.

Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative empirical modeling is applied, where model conceptualization, validation, and implementation are central elements, using two Danish manufacturing companies as cases.

Findings
The applicability of the model is demonstrated in the two case companies, highlighting differences in type, extent, and level of feasible changeability, as a result of differences in product and production characteristics.

Research limitations/implications
Further studies of changeability implementation should be conducted across industrial fields in order to generalize findings.

Practical implications
There is currently limited support for the conceptual design phase of changeable and reconfigurable manufacturing, where critical decisions regarding type, extent, and level of changeability must be made, regardless of high degrees of uncertainty about future demand scenarios.

Originality/value
This paper expands previous research on design for changeability and reconfigurability, by explicitly considering changeability as a capability that can be enabled in various ways for various purposes in different industrial contexts. The proposed model and the case implementations provide important knowledge on the transition toward changeability in industry.
A research into the evidence reasoning theory of two-dimensional framework and its application
Authors: Zhu Weidong , Ku Quan , Wu Yong , Zhang HongTao , Sun Yibo , Zhang Chao 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
With the advancement of social economy, science and technology, nowadays, people face increasingly complex decision-making problems and ever-growing decision-associated information contents. Owing to the unique advantages of the evidence theory, evidence decision flow fits in well with the cognitive process of human beings, which provides us with an effective decision method. However, traditional evidence theories are built upon the one-dimensional evidence recognition framework, which merely reflects the reliability of information determined by evidence source and as such may fail to present the characteristic information of evidence source itself or the information required for the process of determining reliability. This greatly influences processes in decision-making, such as evidence processing and combination. This essay aims to propose a two-dimensional evidence-reasoning theory to address specific decision problems.

Design/methodology/approach
This article uses a two-dimensional evidence framework to reflect the process and characteristic information of evidence source based on the traditional evidence framework. As a result, evidence is processed and combined by two-dimensional modified information.

Findings
This research is of theoretical and practical significance by extending theoretical connotation, fully utilizing precise evidence information and therefore meeting the requirements of efficient and accurate decision-making performances.

Originality/value
The theory adds a two-dimension to modify and capture evidence on the basis of the traditional evidence framework. This proposal has significant theoretical and practical value to expand evidence theory and provides more accurate use of evidence information, higher efficiency and quality requirements and more precise decision-making.
Linking diversity, synchrony and stability in soil microbial communities
Authors: Wagg Cameron , Dudenhöffer Jan‐Hendrik , Widmer Franco , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

It is becoming well‐established that plant diversity is instrumental in stabilizing the temporal functioning of ecosystems through population dynamics and the so‐called insurance or portfolio effect. However, it remains unclear whether diversity–stability relationships and the role of population dynamics in soil microbial communities parallel those in plant communities.

Our study took place in a long‐term land management experiment with and without perturbation to the soil ecosystem by tilling. We assessed the impacts of the soil perturbation on the diversity, synchrony and stability relationships in soil fungal and bacterial communities.

We found that the perturbation to the soil ecosystem not only reduced the abundance and richness of the fungal community, but it also reduced the temporal stability in both bacterial and fungal abundance. The fungal community abundance was destabilized by soil tilling due to reduced richness and increased temporal variation in individual taxa. In contrast, soil tilling destabilized the bacterial community abundance by reducing the temporal variation in individual taxa. Both bacterial and fungal community abundances were more temporally variable when taxa fluctuated more synchronously through time.

Our results show that land management practices, such as tilling, can destabilize soil microbial abundance by reducing the richness and disrupting the temporal dynamics below‐ground. However, the differences in the mechanisms that underlie the temporal variations in fungal and bacterial net abundances suggest that the mechanisms that drive the stability can differ among guilds of organisms within the same system. The different temporal responses between the fungal and bacterial communities are likely linked to changes in edaphic properties resulting from the physical alteration of the soil structure.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Incidence and outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage in the general and emergency department populations in Queensland from 2010 to 2014
Authors: Chu Kevin H , Mahmoud Ibrahim , Hou Xiang‐Yu , Winter Craig D , Jeffree Rosalind L , Brown Nathan J , Brown Anthony FT 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine: (i) incidence and outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in the general population; and (ii) proportions of SAH in both the general ED population and in ED patients presenting with headache.MethodsA population‐based study in Queensland from January 2010 to December 2014 was conducted. Data were sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection linked to the Queensland death registry and ED Information System. Admitted patients with SAH were identified from ICD‐10‐AM codes. Inter‐hospital transfers and repeat admissions for previously diagnosed SAH were excluded. Pre‐hospital deaths from SAH were included. ED patients with headache were identified from ICD‐10‐AM codes and finding ‘headache’ in the triage free‐text entry. The incidence of SAH, in‐hospital mortality, proportions of SAH in the general ED population and ED patients with headache were calculated.ResultsThere were 1975 incident cases of SAH in admitted patients and 294 pre‐hospital deaths from SAH. The incidence of SAH was 9.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.5–10.4) per 100 000 person‐years. The incidence standardised to the ‘World Standard Population’ was 7.0 per 100 000 person‐years. The in‐hospital mortality was 23.8% (95% CI 22.0–25.8%). SAH was found in 1407 (1.9%, 95% CI 1.8–2.0) of ED patients with headache. Overall, there were 2.4 (95% CI 2.3–2.5) SAH per 10 000 of all ED attendances.ConclusionsThe incidence of SAH was similar to that previously reported for Australia. One in 50 ED patients with headache had SAH. Ten in 50 000 ED attendances had a SAH. These estimates can assist in the risk assessment for SAH.
Dosimetric differences between local failure and local controlled non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: A matched‐pair study
Authors: Zhuang Tingliang , Woody Neil M , Liu Han , Cherian Sheen , Reddy Chandana A , Qi Peng , Magnelli Anthony , Djemil Toufik , Stephans Kevin L , Xia Ping , Videtic Gregory MM 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionConcerns were raised about the accuracy of pencil beam (PB) calculation and potential underdosing of medically inoperable non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). From our institutional series, we designed a matched‐pair study where each local failure and controlled patient was matched based upon several clinical factors, to investigate the dose difference between the matched‐pair.MethodsEighteen pairs of NSCLC patients, treated with 50 Gy in five fractions, were selected. These patients were matched based on treatment intent, tumour size, histology and clinical follow‐up. All PB calculated clinical plans were retrospectively recalculated with a MC algorithm. The D99 and DMean of the gross tumour volume (GTV) and D95 and DMean of the planning tumour volume (PTV) from PB and Monte Carlo (MC) calculation were compared between local failures and controls using the Mann–Whitney test.ResultsThe mean PB calculated D95 of PTV was 50.4 Gy for both failures and controls (P = 0.85), indicating no planning differences between the groups. From MC calculations, the mean (±SD) of GTV D99, GTV DMean, PTV D95, PTV DMean were 47.6 ± 2.6/46.3 ± 2.4, 50.4 ± 2.1/49.8 ± 1.6, 44.4 ± 2.7/43.6 ± 3.1, 48.7 ± 2.4/48.2 ± 2.4 Gy for failure/controlled groups, respectively, and there was no significant difference between two groups (all P > 0.1). The dose differences between MC and PB calculations were in agreement with other literatures and there was no significant difference between two groups.ConclusionsWhile PB algorithms may overestimate tumour doses relative to MC algorithms, our matched‐pair study did not find dose differences between local failure and local controlled cases.
Epidural extension failure in obese women is comparable to that of non‐obese women
Authors: Eley V. A. , Chin A. , Tham I. , Poh J. , Aujla P. , Glasgow E. , Brown H. , Steele K. , Webb L. , van Zundert A. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundManagement of labor epidurals in obese women is difficult and extension to surgical anesthesia is not always successful. Our previous retrospective pilot study found epidural extension was more likely to fail in obese women. This study used a prospective cohort to compare the failure rate of epidural extension in obese and non‐obese women and to identify risk factors for extension failure.MethodsOne hundred obese participants (Group O, body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2) were prospectively identified and allocated two sequential controls (Group C, body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2). All subjects utilized epidural labor analgesia and subsequently required anesthesia for cesarean section. The primary outcome measure was failure of the labor epidural to be used as the primary anesthetic technique. Risk factors for extension failure were identified using Chi‐squared and logistic regression.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) of extension failure was 1.69 in Group O (20% vs. 13%; 95% CI: 0.88–3.21, P = 0.11). Risk factors for failure in obese women included ineffective labor analgesia requiring anesthesiologist intervention, (OR 3.94, 95% CI: 1.16–13.45, P = 0.028) and BMI > 50 kg/m2 (OR 3.42, 95% CI: 1.07–10.96, P = 0.038).ConclusionThe failure rate of epidural extension did not differ significantly between the groups. Further research is needed to determine the influence of body mass index > 50 kg/m2 on epidural extension for cesarean section.
Successful reproduction and pheromone production by the spruce bark beetle in evolutionary naïve spruce hosts with familiar terpenoid defences
Authors: Flø Daniel , Norli Hans Ragnar , Økland Bjørn , Krokene Paal 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is a damaging pest on spruce in Europe. Beetle interactions with tree species originating outside the natural range of the beetle are largely unknown and may be unpredictable because trees without a co‐evolutionary history with the beetle may lack effective defences.
The terpenoid composition and breeding suitability for I. typographus of the historic host Norway spruce Picea abies were compared with two evolutionary naïve spruces of North American origin that are extensively planted in North‐West Europe: Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis and Lutz spruce Picea glauca x lutzii.
The bark of all three species had a similar chemical composition and similar levels of total constitutive terpenoids, although Norway spruce had higher total induced terpenoid levels.
Beetles tunnelling in the three spruce species produced similar amounts of aggregation pheromone. Controlled breeding experiments showed that I. typographus could produce offspring in all three species, with a similar offspring length and weight across species. However, total offspring production was much lower in Sitka and Lutz spruce.
Overall, the results of the present study suggest that I. typographus will be able to colonize Sitka and Lutz spruce in European plantations and in native spruce forests in North America if introduced there.
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy provided survival benefit compared to adjuvant radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Huapeng , Li Xiaocheng , Liu Ye , Hu Yingchun 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThis study compared the impact of neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and adjuvant RT on survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPatients with HCC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to compare the impact of neoadjuvant RT on survival with adjuvant RT. Subsequently, a propensity score‐matched analysis was performed to confirm the result.ResultsA total of 244 patients with HCC identified from the SEER database (2004–2014) received preoperative or post‐operative radiation. A total of 151 patients received post‐operative RT and 93 patients received preoperative RT. Preoperative RT had a clear superiority in terms of unadjusted overall survival and cancer‐specific survival (P < 0.001 for log‐rank test). After adjusting for confounding variables, hazard ratios (HRs) for all‐cause (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19–0.53, P < 0.001) and cancer‐specific (HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.19–0.53, P < 0.001) mortality risks in preoperative RT group were significantly lower than that of post‐operative RT group. Subsequently, a propensity score‐matched analysis was performed to confirm this result. Further univariate and multivariate survival analyses revealed that there was a persistent superiority of overall survival and cancer‐specific survival in patients who received preoperative radiation than patients without RT.ConclusionWe found that neoadjuvant RT was associated with improved long‐term survival for patients with HCC versus adjuvant RT.
Hybrid procedure combining endoscopic gallbladder lavage and internal drainage with elective cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: A prospective pilot study (The BLADE study)
Authors: Doi Shinpei , Yasuda Ichiro , Mabuchi Masatoshi , Iwata Keisuke , Ando Nobuhiro , Iwashita Takuji , Uemura Shinya , Okuno Mitsuru , Mukai Tsuyoshi , Adachi Seiji , Taniguchi Keizo 
Published: February 2018

Background and AimPercutaneous transhepatic drainage is the most common method for non‐operative gallbladder drainage, but the technique does have several disadvantages because of its invasive nature and requirement for continuous drainage. To overcome these disadvantages, we developed a novel procedure, endoscopic gallbladder lavage followed by stent placement, carried out in a single endoscopic session. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure in patients with acute cholecystitis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with moderate cholecystitis at four tertiary care centers were enrolled in this study. We initially placed a 5‐Fr tube to carry out gallbladder lavage. The tube was then cut to the optimal length and placed as a stent. Main outcomes were procedural and clinical success rates.ResultsThe procedure was attempted in 40 patients and was successful in 30 (75.0%). Minor adverse events occurred in two (5.0%) patients: perforation of the cystic duct by the guidewire in one patient and pancreatitis in the other. Among the 30 patients in whom the procedure was successfully done, clinical resolution was obtained in 29 (96.6%). Elective cholecystectomy was carried out in 37 patients (92.5%), with a median delay after drainage of 42 days (range, 12–138 days). There were no adverse events during the waiting period.ConclusionsGallbladder rinsing followed by internal drainage using a 5‐Fr nasobiliary tube is considered an effective and safe alternative to other techniques, providing an acceptable success rate in patients with acute cholecystitis prior to elective surgery. Clinical trial information: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm (ID: UMIN‐000009680).
Comparison of late adverse events after endoscopic sphincterotomy versus endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation for common bile duct stones: A propensity score‐based cohort analysis
Authors: Maruta Akinori , Iwashita Takuji , Uemura Shinya , Yoshida Kensaku , Iwata Keisuke , Mukai Tsuyoshi , Doi Shinpei , Yasuda Ichiro , Imai Kenji , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: February 2018

Background and AimEndoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is a standard procedure for the treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS). Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) is emerging as an effective method to treat difficult CBDS, providing several advantages over ES without increasing early adverse events (AE). However, the late AE of EPLBD have not yet been well studied. The aim of the present study was to compare late AE after EPLBD versus ES for the treatment of CBDS using a propensity score‐based cohort analysis.MethodsPropensity score matching was introduced to reduce the possible bias in baseline characteristics between two treatment groups and formed the matched cohort including 240 patients. Primary endpoint was cumulative as well as estimated 1‐year and 3‐year late AE rates. Secondary outcome was the incidence of early AE.ResultsCumulative late AE rates were 12.5% and 16.7% in the ELPBD and ES groups (P = 0.936) with a median follow‐up period of 915.5 and 1544.5 days, respectively. Estimated 1‐year and 3‐year late AE rates were 8.4% and 13.1% in the EPLBD group and 5.0% and 15.0% in the ES group, respectively. In multivariate analysis, ≥two procedures were identified as independent risk factors for late AE. Overall early AE rate did not differ between the groups.ConclusionIn the present study, late AE rate after EPLBD showed no significant difference compared with that after ES, which had a relatively long follow‐up period. Therefore, EPLBD could be used for the treatment of CBDS, if CBDS are considered difficult to treat. Clinical Trial Registry: UMIN000027798