bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Nell-1 in Chondrocytes Significantly Impedes Appendicular Skeletogenesis
Authors: Qi Huichuan , Kim Jong Kil , Ha Pin , Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Eric , Chen Yao , Li Jiayi , Pan Hsin Chuan , Yu Mengliu , Mohazeb Yasamin , Azer Sophia , Baik Lloyd , Kwak Jin Hee , Ting Kang , Zhang Xinli , Hu Min , Soo Chia 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

NELL-1, an osteoinductive protein, has been shown to regulate skeletal ossification. Interestingly, an interstitial 11p14.1-p15.3 deletion involving the Nell-1 gene was recently reported in a patient with short stature and delayed fontanelle closure. Here we sought to define the role of Nell-1 in endochondral ossification by investigating Nell-1-specific inactivation in Col2α1-expressing cell lineages. Nell-1flox/flox; Col2α1-Cre+ (Nell-1Col2α1KO) mice were generated for comprehensive analysis. Nell-1Col2α1KO mice were born alive but displayed subtle femoral length shortening. At 1 and 3 months postpartum, Nell-1 inactivation resulted in dwarfism and premature osteoporotic phenotypes. Specifically, Nell-1Col2α1KO femurs and tibias exhibited significantly reduced length, bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number/thickness, cortical volume/thickness/density, and increased trabecular separation. The decreased bone formation rate revealed by dynamic histomorphometry was associated with altered numbers and/or function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Furthermore, longitudinal observations by in vivo micro-CT showed delayed and reduced mineralization at secondary ossification centers in mutants. Histologically, reduced staining intensities of Safranin O, Col-2, Col-10, and fewer BrdU-positive chondrocytes were observed in thinner Nell-1Col2α1KO epiphyseal plates along with altered distribution and weaker expression level of Ihh, Patched-1, PTHrP, and PTHrP receptor. Primary Nell-1Col2α1KO chondrocytes also exhibited decreased proliferation and differentiation, and its downregulated expression of the Ihh-PTHrP signaling molecules can be partially rescued by exogenous Nell-1 protein. Moreover, intranuclear Gli-1 protein and gene expression of the Gli-1 downstream target genes, Hip-1 and N-Myc, were also significantly decreased with Nell-1 inactivation. Notably, the rescue effects were diminished/reduced with application of Ihh signaling inhibitors, cyclopamine or GANT61. Taken together, these findings suggest that Nell-1 is a pivotal modulator of epiphyseal homeostasis and endochondral ossification. The cumulative chondrocyte-specific Nell-1 inactivation significantly impedes appendicular skeletogenesis resulting in dwarfism and premature osteoporosis through inhibiting Ihh signaling and predominantly altering the Ihh-PTHrP feedback loop. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
GLUT12 expression and regulation in murine small intestine and human Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Gil‐Iturbe Eva , Castilla‐Madrigal Rosa , Barrenetxe Jaione , Villaro Ana Cristina , Lostao María Pilar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGLUT12 was cloned from the mammary cancer cell line MCF‐7, but its physiological role still needs to be elucidated. To gain more knowledge of GLUT12 function in the intestine, we investigated GLUT12 subcellular localization in the small intestine and its regulation by sugars, hormones, and intracellular mediators in Caco‐2 cells and mice. Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine GLUT12 subcellular localization in human and murine small intestine. Brush border membrane vesicles were isolated for western blot analyses. Functional studies were performed in Caco‐2 cells by measuring α‐methyl‐d‐glucose (αMG) uptake in the absence of sodium. GLUT12 is located in the apical cytoplasm, below the brush border membrane, and in the perinuclear region of murine and human enterocytes. In Caco‐2 cells, GLUT12 translocation to the apical membrane and α‐methyl‐
d‐glucose uptake by the transporter are stimulated by protons, glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), protein kinase C, and AMP‐activated protein kinase. In contrast, hypoxia decreases GLUT12 expression in the apical membrane. Upregulation of
TNF‐α and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (
HIF‐1α) genes is found in the jejunal mucosa of diet‐induced obese mice. In these animals, GLUT12 expression in the brush border membrane is slightly decreased compared with lean animals. Moreover, an intraperitoneal injection of insulin does not induce GLUT12 translocation to the membrane, as it occurs in lean animals. GLUT12 rapid translocation to the enterocytes’ apical membrane in response to glucose and insulin could be related to GLUT12 participation in sugar absorption during postprandial periods. In obesity, in which insulin sensitivity is reduced, the contribution of GLUT12 to sugar absorption is affected.
Prognostic value of pretreatment systemic immune‐inflammation index in patients with gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Zhang Yi , Lin Shibu , Yang Xianjin , Wang Rong , Luo Lingyan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have reported the relationship between systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and prognosis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, but no consensus has been reached. We aimed to systematically evaluate the prognostic value of SII in patients with GI cancers.MethodsRelevant published papers regarding the prognostic value of SII in patients with GI cancers were obtained from a number of electronic databases. The overall hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model to assess the relationship between SII and prognosis through Stata SE 12.0.ResultsA total of 24 eligible published articles with 9,626 patients were included. From the pooled results, we found that high SII indicated worse overall survival (OS) in patients with GI cancers (HR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.29–1.74). And patients with high SII had poorer disease‐free survival (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.46–3.10), time to recurrence (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.11–2.30), and recurrence‐free survival (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.19–2.00) when compared with those with low SII values.ConclusionsSII might serve as a noninvasive and powerful tool for predicting survival outcome in patients with GI cancers.
Growth arrest‐specific 5 attenuates cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in cervical cancer by regulating STAT3 signaling via miR‐21
Authors: Yao Tingting , Lu Rongbiao , Zhang Jun , Fang Xingyu , Fan Li , Huang Chunxian , Lin Rongchun , Lin Zhongqiu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCervical cancer is the most common cause of female cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Decreased expression of long noncoding RNA growth arrest‐specific 5 (GAS5) is found in human cervical cancer tissues and associated with poor prognosis. However, the studies on associations between GAS5 level and malignant phenotypes, as well as sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drug in cervical cancer cells are limited. In this study, overexpression of GAS5 in cervical cancer cells resulted in prohibited cell proliferation and colony formation, which were promoted by siGAS5. Enhanced GAS5 increased cell percentage in the G0/G1 phase and decreased cells percentage in the S phase, whereas reduced expression did not. The malignant behaviors of cervical cancer cells, manifested by cell migration and invasion, could be weakened by the GAS5 overexpression and enhanced by siGAS5. Furthermore, in cisplatin‐induced cell, overexpression of GAS5 reduced cells viability and enhanced apoptosis, whereas in cells transfected with siGAS5, apoptosis eliminated. We have reported the upregulation of microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and its oncogenetic roles in cervical cancer previously. In this study, we found the negative relationship between the GAS5 and miR‐21. Moreover, the decrease of miR‐21 associated proteins phosphorylated STAT3 and E2F3 was seen in GAS5 overexpressed cells, both of which could be increased by siGAS5. The GAS5 deficiency also reduced miR‐21 target proteins TIMP3 and PDCD4 expressions. Taken together, the GAS5 expression level is inversely associated with malignancy, but positively associated with sensitivity to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis, suggesting that GAS5 could be a biomarker of cisplatin‐resistance in clinical therapy of human cervical cancer.
Midterm outcomes of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiac tamponade
Authors: Yui Yoshiaki , Sekiguchi Yukio , Nogami Akihiko , Yamasaki Hiro , Machino Takeshi , Kuroki Kenji , Igarashi Miyako , Aonuma Kazutaka , Ieda Masaki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCardiac tamponade is a serious complication of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the outcomes of catheter ablation in patients of cardiac tamponade are unknown.MethodsWe performed catheter ablation in 2467 sessions of AF or a recurrence of AF between January 2007 and January 2016. Of these, 29 events in 27 patients (1.18%: 22 men; 64.5 ± 10.4 years; 17 with paroxysmal AF) of cardiac tamponade during or after the procedure were recorded. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of these 29 events were studied in detail.ResultsOf the 19 events where the ablation procedure was completed, seven events developed acute recurrence of AF (36.8%). Of the 10 events with an incomplete procedure, 10 exhibited AF recurrence (100.0%). Direct oral anticoagulants were used in seven events, and clinical outcomes were not significantly different compared to the remaining 21 events that were prescribed warfarin. Pericarditis occurred in 10 events (34.5%) after the procedure, and the incidence rate was lower in patients receiving prophylactic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or steroids (2/15, 13.3% vs 8/14, 57.1%; P = 0.013). Repeated sessions were performed in 12 events (two with a complete initial procedure, 10 with an incomplete initial procedure). Freedom from atrial arrhythmias was observed in 27 events (93.1%, 9 with antiarrhythmic drugs) over midterm follow‐up (3.1 ± 2.6 years).ConclusionAlthough cardiac tamponade caused by catheter ablation led to a high rate of acute AF recurrence and pericarditis, the midterm recurrence rates of AF are unaffected if the procedure can be completed.
Dietary Management of Propionic Acidemia: Parent Caregiver Perspectives and Practices
Authors: Lea Dawn , Shchelochkov Oleg , Cleary Jennifer , Koehly Laura M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPropionic acidemia (PA), an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, has an estimated incidence of 1:105,000–130,000 in the United States.1,2 Nutrition management is a main intervention for PA. Research in inborn errors of metabolism such as phenylketonuria has identified association of parental perceptions and practices with dietary outcomes. Parental perceptions and practices in the nutrition management of PA have not been investigated.ObjectiveTo assess the dietary perceptions and practices of parental caregivers of children affected by PA.MethodsPA parents were surveyed about perceptions and practices associated with feeding their affected child(ren). The single‐page survey was anonymous, and responses to survey items were not identifiable. Parents provided information on how often they followed the prescribed diet and the rationale for any adjustments.ResultsParents “always” or “most of the time” followed the prescribed diet for children 4–20 years of age; yet, open‐ended responses indicated that 71.4% made situational adjustments to their child's diet for a variety of reasons, including illness, iatrogenic effects, and social events.ConclusionsPA parents make situational adjustments to their child's highly specialized diet. Uncertainty exists as to the situational adjustments being within the guidelines used by the metabolic healthcare team who rely on parents to inform them about dietary situational adjustments.
Development of transparent emissive LCD using novel polarized‐light‐emitting film
Authors: Mochizuki Noriaki , Morita Ryoutarou 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe developed new light‐emitting films that emit linearly polarized light and exhibit transmittances over 90%. This film was realized through the development of a new pigment that demonstrated high orientation in film. The polarized light that emits from the film can be controlled by irradiating polarized ultraviolet light. These new films were used for the successful fabrication of a novel self‐emissive liquid crystal display that exhibited high transparency, high contrast, and good visibility.
Quantitative Assessment of Liver Stiffness Using Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Patients With Chronic Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Man , Mendiratta‐Lala Mishal , Maturen Katherine E. , Wasnik Ashish P. , Wang Sherry S. , Assad Hadeel , Rubin Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare hepatic stiffness on ultrasound (US) shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus patients with no underlying liver disease.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 4901 patients who underwent abdominal US examinations with adjunctive liver SWE between August 2014 and December 2016. Each patient was scanned supine with gentle breath holding on LOGIQ E9 (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) or Epiq (Philips Healthcare, Andover, MA) US machines (3–6 MHz). Three to 10 measurements were made intercostally in the right hepatic lobe, following manufacturers' guidelines before release of the 2015 Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus or the 2015 Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus. The median and standard deviation of the shear wave velocity (SWV) were obtained. A 2‐sample t test with the Welch approximation was used for statistical analysis.ResultsSix patients had documented hepatic chronic GVHD or a high clinical suspicion of liver chronic GVHD. All had normal pretransplant liver function test results and no pretransplant or posttransplant hepatic infection. The control group, obtained from the same database, contained 10 patients with normal liver function test results, no abdominal pain, and no history of liver disease or conditions that may have caused liver stiffness changes. The SWVs in patients with chronic GVHD were double those in the control group (1.96 ± 0.28 versus 0.98 ± 0.27 m/s; P < .0001).ConclusionsPatients with chronic GVHD had substantially higher hepatic parenchymal SWVs than patients without liver disease, indicating increased tissue stiffness. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been previously reported in chronic GVHD and suggests potential utility of SWE for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and the treatment response in this cohort of patients.
Backbone‐Based LCST‐Type Hyperbranched Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)) with CO2‐Reversible Iminoboronate Linkers
Authors: Yu Jiabao , Chao Huan , Li Guo , Tang Rupei , Liu Zhaotie , Liu Zhongwen , Jiang Jinqiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDue to the very weak acidity of CO2 in water, the trigger of CO2 is always used to tune the physico‐chemical properties of polymeric materials through the protonation of organic bases rather than the hydrolysis of acid‐labile moieties contained in polymeric structures. Herein, a novel strategy of gas‐switchable lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type hyperbranched polymer of iminoboronate‐linked hyperbranched poly(oligo‐(ethylene glycol)) (IB‐hPOEG), by employing CO2‐acidolyzable iminoboronates as linkers and protonable tertiary amines as branch points, is presented. Upon alternative CO2 and N2, iminoboronates are partially reversibly hydrolyzed and tertiary amines are repeatedly protonated. This leads to a tunable thermo‐responsive behavior of IB‐hPOEG aqueous solution with a broad range of T
cp at 28–78 °C intervals by varying the molar ratio of boronic acid, polymer concentration, or bubbling of CO2 and N2. This gas‐controllable LCST‐type hyperbranched polymer with CO2‐hydrolyzable iminoboronates is believed to have a promising potential for advanced biomedical and material applications such as drug delivery, gene transfection, functional coatings, etc.
Chemopreventive Effects of Whole Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) on Colitis‐Associated Colon Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wu Xian , Song Mingyue , Cai Xiaokun , Neto Catherine , Tata Anuradha , Han Yanhui , Wang Qi , Tang Zhonghai , Xiao Hang 
Published: October 2018

ScopeThere are growing interests in using a whole‐food‐based approach to prevent chronic diseases due to potential synergistic interactions among different bioactive components within the whole foods. North American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), a polyphenol‐rich fruit, has been shown to exert multiple beneficial health effects.Methods and resultsFor the first time, the protective effects of whole cranberry powder (WCP) are determined against colitis‐associated mouse colon tumorigenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The results show that dietary administration of WCP (1.5%, w/w in the diet) significantly suppresses colon tumorigenesis as indicated by the reduced tumor incidence, multiplicity, burden, and average tumor size in WCP‐fed mice compared to the positive control mice. Both gene and protein expression levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α are markedly attenuated by WCP treatment in the colon of AOM/DSS‐treated mice. Moreover, WCP profoundly modulates multiple signaling pathways/proteins related to inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis in the colon, which is closely associated with the inhibitory effects of WCP on colon tumorigenesis.ConclusionOverall, the results demonstrate chemopreventive effects of WCP on colon tumorigenesis in mice, providing a scientific basis for using the whole cranberry as a functional food to promote colon health in humans.
Comparing Long‐Chain Branching Mechanisms for Ethylene Polymerization with Metallocenes and Other Single‐Site Catalysts: What Simulated Microstructures Can Teach Us
Authors: Albeladi Abdulrahman , Soares João B. P. , Mehdiabadi Saeid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThree different long‐chain branch (LCB) formation mechanisms for ethylene polymerization with metallocenes in solution polymerization semi‐batch and continuous stirred‐tank reactors are modeled to predict the microstructure of the resulting polymer. The three mechanisms are terminal branching, C–H bond activation, and intramolecular random incorporation. Selected polymerization parameters are varied to observe how each mechanism affects polymer microstructure. Increasing the ethylene concentration during semi‐batch polymerization reduces the LCB frequency of polymers made with the terminal branching and intramolecular mechanisms, but has no effect on those made with the C–H bond activation mechanism, which disagrees with most previous data published in the literature. The intramolecular mechanism predicts that LCB frequencies hardly depend on polymerization time or ethylene conversion, which also disagrees with the published experimental data for these systems. For continuous polymerization reactors, experimental data relating polydispersity to LCB frequency can be well described with the terminal branching mechanism, but both C–H bond activation and intramolecular models fail to describe this experimental relationship. Therefore, detailed simulations confirm that the terminal branching mechanism is indeed the most likely mechanism for LCB formation when ethylene is polymerized with single‐site coordination catalysts such as metallocenes in solution polymerization reactors.
Drone arc routing problems
Authors: Campbell James F. , Corberán Ángel , Plana Isaac , Sanchis José M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, we present some drone arc routing problems (Drone ARPs) and study their relation with well‐known postman ARPs. Applications for Drone ARPs include traffic monitoring by flying over roadways, infrastructure inspection such as by flying along power transmission lines, pipelines or fences, and surveillance along linear features such as coastlines or territorial borders. Unlike the postmen in traditional ARPs, drones can travel directly between any two points in the plane without following the edges of the network. As a consequence, a drone route may service only part of an edge, with multiple routes being used to cover the entire edge. Thus the Drone ARPs are continuous optimization problems with an infinite number of feasible solutions. In order to solve them as a discrete optimization problem, we approximate each curve in the plane by a polygonal chain, thus allowing the vehicle to enter and leave each curve only at the points of the polygonal chain. If the capacity of the vehicles is unlimited, the resulting problem is a rural postman problem (RPP). We propose an algorithm that iteratively solves RPP instances with an increasing number of points of the polygonal chain and present results on several sets of instances. We also briefly discuss the case in which the drones have limited capacity and several drones are needed.
LED Illumination – A Hazard to the Eye?
Authors: Hessling Martin , Koelbl Philipp S. , Lingenfelder Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the current discussion about the possible dangers and health consequences of blue or white LED light for various lighting purposes including displays, it is often ignored that LEDs are not the only light sources with a significant blue component. Fluorescent tubes or energy‐saving lamps have been used for decades, although they also have emission peaks in the blue, violet, and ultraviolet spectral ranges. And since the beginning of life on earth, the sun has been a light source with a strong blue and even ultraviolet component. The emissions of LED illuminants and their expected health effects can be assessed by comparing them to those long‐known light sources.
Hot Lithography – New Possibilities in Polymer 3D Printing
Authors: Pfaffinger Markus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdditive manufacturing as an industrial production tool of polymer parts requires outstanding precision and surface quality of the printed objects in combination with good mechanical and thermal material properties. For this, current technologies often provide only insufficient solutions. Cubicure developed the hot lithography technology which allows the processing of high‐performance photopolymers in outstanding precision.