bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse events of smoking cessation treatments (nicotine replacement therapy and non-nicotine prescription medication) and electronic cigarettes in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, 2004−2016
Authors: Motooka Yumi , Matsui Toshinobu , Slaton Rachel M , Umetsu Ryogo , Fukuda Akiho , Naganuma Misa , Hasegawa Shiori , Sasaoka Sayaka , Hatahira Haruna , Iguchi Kazuhiro , Nakamura Mitsuhiro 
Published: May 2018

Objectives: Several smoking cessation treatments (nicotine replacement therapy and non-nicotine prescription medication) and electronic cigarettes are widely used. We evaluated the adverse events related to smoking cessation treatments and electronic cigarettes in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. Methods: We analyzed reports of adverse events associated with smoking cessation treatment and electronic cigarettes terms dated between January 2004 and December 2016. We used the reporting odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals to detect a signal for each adverse event. Results: In total, 8,867,135 reports in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database were analyzed. The numbers of adverse events for nicotine replacement therapy (transdermal, buccal, oral, and respiratory administration) were 1673, 1016, 425, and 56, respectively. Nicotine replacement therapy (transdermal, buccal, and oral) demonstrated adverse events of nausea, nicotine dependence, and dizziness. For nicotine (transdermal) exposure, the top 5 adverse events reported were nausea (149 cases, reporting odds ratio: 2.28 (95% confidence interval: 1.92–2.69)), dizziness (132 cases, reporting odds ratio: 3.04 (95% confidence interval: 2.54–3.63)), application site erythema (108 cases, reporting odds ratio: 32.52 (95% confidence interval: 26.74–39.55)), headache (98 cases, reporting odds ratio: 1.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.50–2.25)), and dyspnea (94 cases, reporting odds ratio: 1.93 (95% confidence interval: 1.57–2.38)). Many cases of improper use of nicotine replacement therapies were reported. Nausea, depression, abnormal dreams, insomnia, and other adverse events were reported for varenicline. Insomnia, rash, anxiety, and dizziness were reported for bupropion. We observed electronic cigarettes–related adverse events such as dizziness, dyspnea, nausea, heart rate increased, and tremor. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that an association exists between nicotine-related adverse events and nicotine replacement therapy. Healthcare professionals should closely monitor smokers trying to quit nicotine use for the misuse of nicotine replacement therapy. These findings may be informative to healthcare professionals in order to improve the management of smoking cessation treatment.
Clinical correlates and outcomes in a group of Puerto Ricans with systemic lupus erythematosus hospitalized due to severe infections
Authors: Jordán-González Patricia , Shum Lee Ming , González-Sepúlveda Lorena , Vilá Luis M 
Published: May 2018

Objective: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus patients hospitalized due to infections vary among different ethnic populations. Thus, we determined the outcomes and associated factors in a group of Hispanics from Puerto Rico with systemic lupus erythematosus admitted due to severe infections. Methods: Records of systemic lupus erythematosus patients admitted to the Adult University Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico, from January 2006 to December 2014 were examined. Demographic parameters, lupus manifestations, comorbidities, pharmacologic treatments, inpatient complications, length of stay, readmissions, and mortality were determined. Patients with and without infections were compared using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 204 admissions corresponding to 129 systemic lupus erythematosus patients were studied. The mean (standard deviation) age was 34.7 (11.6) years; 90% were women. The main causes for admission were lupus flare (45.1%), infection (44.0%), and initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (6.4%). The most common infections were complicated urinary tract infections (47.0%) and soft tissue infections (42.0%). In the multivariate analysis, patients admitted with infections were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (odds ratio: 4.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.23–14.41), exposure to aspirin prior to hospitalization (odds ratio: 4.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–15.80), and higher mortality (odds ratio: 6.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–35.68) than those without infection. Conclusion: In this population of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, 44% of hospitalizations were due to severe infections. Patients with infections were more likely to have diabetes mellitus and higher mortality. Preventive and control measures of infection could be crucial to improve survival in these patients.
The Radiographic Quality of Distal Radius Fracture Reduction Using Sedation Versus Hematoma Block
Authors: Koren Lior , Ginesin Eyal , Elias Shahem , Wollstein Ronit , Israelit Shlomo 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are treated in the emergency department (ED) with a closed reduction in order to decrease neurovascular and soft tissue injury and as a first definitive step in conservative treatment. The type of anesthesia used may affect the ability to reduce the fracture and remains controversial. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of radiographic reduction achieved in the ED of DRF reduced using sedation anesthesia to those reduced with hematoma block anesthesia. Methods: A retrospective case–control study of 240 DRF reductions, 30 treated with sedation and 210 with a hematoma block, was performed. Complications and time spent in the ED were documented. Pre- and postreduction radiographs were reviewed for volar tilt, radial angulation, radial height, and ulnar variance. Results: Both groups were similar in gender, background illnesses, concomitant injuries, surgeon experience, and fracture radiographic classification. Postreduction values of volar tilt were better in the sedation group ( P = .03). Volar tilt and ulnar variance improved more in the sedation group ( P = .001). The sedation group spent more time in the ED ( P = .001). Discussion: Sedation seemed to be more efficient than hematoma block in supporting closed reduction of distal radius fractures in the ED. However, this method requires specialized personnel and more time spent in the ED. Conclusion: We suggest using this method when the patient is planned to continue with conservative treatment.
Antibiotic Irrigation of Pocket for Implant-Based Breast Augmentation to Prevent Capsular Contracture: A Systematic Review
Authors: Samargandi Osama A. , Joukhadar Nadim , Al Youha Sarah , Thoma Achilleas , Williams Jason 
Published: May 2018

Background: In vitro and in vivo studies have described a number of different antibiotic solutions for irrigation of the pocket in implant-based breast augmentation in an attempt to prevent the formation of capsular contracture (CC). Our objective was to evaluate the evidence that antibiotic irrigation reduced the rate of CC. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was conducted from inception to January 2016. We included studies which examined the use of intraoperative antibiotic irrigation in women undergoing primary breast augmentation. Our primary outcome was the rate of CC. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality using validated tools. Results: Seven studies were included in the final analysis: 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT) and 6 non-randomized studies. The mean follow-up ranged from 14 to 72 months. The rate of CC was less than 2% in 8 studies, between 3% and 6% in 4 studies, and 13.9% in 1 study. Included studies demonstrated significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity. The solitary low-quality RCT concluded that antibiotic irrigation was superior to saline irrigation. Three non-randomized studies demonstrated no significant difference in the rate of CC with the use of antibiotics. One non-randomized controlled study showed that the use of mixture of antibiotic and povidone-iodine significantly lowered the rate of CC. Conclusions: The available evidence on the use of antibiotic irrigation to prevent CC is weak and it is based on studies with high risk of bias. Methodologically robust studies are necessary to answer the question whether antibiotic breast pocket irrigation prevents CC.
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Versus Observation in Radically Treated Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Phase III NVALT-11/DLCRG-02 Study
Authors: De Ruysscher Dirk , Dingemans Anne-Marie C. , Praag John , Belderbos Jose , Tissing-Tan Caroline , Herder Judith , Haitjema Tjeerd , Ubbels Fred , Lagerwaard Frank , El Sharouni Sherif Y. , Stigt Jos A. , Smit Egbert , van Tinteren Harm , van der Noort Vincent , Groen Harry J.M. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) reduces the incidence of symptomatic brain metastases in patients with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with curative intention. Patients and Methods Patients with stage III NSCLC—staged with a contrast-enhanced brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging—were randomly assigned to either observation or PCI after concurrent/sequential chemoradiotherapy with or without surgery. The primary end point—development of symptomatic brain metastases at 24 months—was defined as one or a combination of key symptoms that suggest brain metastases—signs of increased intracranial pressure, headache, nausea and vomiting, cognitive or affective disturbances, seizures, and focal neurologic symptoms—and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography demonstrating the existence of brain metastasis. Adverse effects, survival, quality of life, quality-adjusted survival, and health care costs were secondary end points. Results Between 2009 and 2015, 175 patients were randomly assigned: 87 received PCI and 88 underwent observation only. Median follow-up was 48.5 months (95% CI, 39 to 54 months). Six (7.0%) of 86 patients in the PCI group and 24 (27.2%) of 88 patients in the control group had symptomatic brain metastases ( P = .001). PCI significantly increased the time to develop symptomatic brain metastases (hazard ratio, 0.23; [95% CI, 0.09 to 0.56]; P = .0012). Median time to develop brain metastases was not reached in either arm. Overall survival was not significantly different between both arms. Grade 1 and 2 memory impairment (26 of 86 v seven of 88 patients) and cognitive disturbance (16 of 86 v three of 88 patients) were significantly increased in the PCI arm. Quality of life was only decreased 3 months post-PCI and was similar to the observation arm thereafter. Conclusion PCI significantly decreased the proportion of patients who developed symptomatic brain metastases with an increase of low-grade toxicity.
Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela
Authors: Bermudez Valmore , Olivar Luis Carlos , Torres Wheeler , Navarro Carla , Gonzalez Robys , Espinoza Cristobal , Morocho Alicia , Mindiola Andres , Chacin Maricarmen , Arias Victor , Añez Roberto , Salazar Juan , Riaño-Garzon Manuel , Diaz-Camargo Edgar , Bautista Maria Judith , Rojas Joselyn 
Published: May 2018

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11–2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51–0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
A FESTA COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE DISPUTA DE TERRITÓRIO
Authors: Sanfilippo Lucio Bernard 
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo pretende apontar caminhos para a discussão da festa e suas potências. Percorre os caminhos de transbordamento das ideias da pesquisa de mestrado para o doutorado do autor, discutindo as possibilidades das festas, não só como espaços e tempos de confraternização e celebração, mas de disputa da cidade. Aponta também as tessituras de redes educativas e processos culturais envolvidas na produção das festas, bem como assume o corpo como território de produção de conhecimentos, força e liberdade.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR DE CRIANÇAS E JOVENS COM TRANSTORNOS DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Da Cruz Matheus Ramos , Praxedes Jomilto 
Published: May 2018

O estudo objetivou identificar as estratégias utilizadas com uso da educação física e suas possíveis contribuições para o aprimoramento motor de crianças e jovens com TEA. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com artigos e dissertações completos publicados entre o período de 2000 a 2016 nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Pepsic, Lilacs e Latindex. Os artigos indicaram a utilização de jogos, práticas esportivas, atividades aquáticas, gincanas, exercícios de fortalecimento muscular, de equilíbrio e psicomotricidade, práticas motoras com trampolins e atividades ao ar livre. As intervenções demonstraram diminuição de estereotipias, aumento do repertório motor, desenvolvimento da coordenação motora, do equilíbrio, da agilidade e do controle postural, e melhorias em aspectos sociais e comunicativos. Conclui-se que a educação física pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento motor de crianças e jovens com TEA por meio de um programa de exercícios especificamente elaborado. [R1]Seria bom colocar o significado da sigla que aparece pela primeira vez no texto, pois nem todos os leitores dominam a área.
Nurses' perspectives on pharmacology: why, what and at which point of the curricula should education be delivered?
Authors: Khan Ehsan U , Hood Pauline A 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectives: the study aimed to capture the views of nursing students and qualified nurses about pharmacology education and at which point the subject should be taught. Background: drug errors are common in clinical practice. However, the presence of pharmacology education in nursing curricula varies, with few higher education institutes focusing on the topic in pre-registration years. Design: a cross-sectional survey was carried out with 46 pre-registration, 18 post-qualification and 15 post-qualification nurse prescribing course students. Results: most agreed that pharmacology education was crucial for practice. Post-qualification participants ranked the topics of ethics and law as applied to pharmacology higher than pre-registration students. Qualified nurses ranked the topic of pharmacokinetics statistically higher than pre-registration students. Equal numbers of qualified participants favoured having pharmacology education as part of pre- and post-qualification programmes, either as a discrete module or incorporated in core modules. Pre-registration participants thought pharmacology education should be integrated throughout the programme. Most participants thought it should be taught face to face in the classroom. Conclusion: pharmacology education is valued by all nurses. Respondents mostly favoured a gradual integration of the subject in a programme of study, face to face.
Jordanian oncology nurses' knowledge of managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: Al Qadire Mohammad , Alkhalaileh Murad 
Published: May 2018

Background: health practitioners, especially oncology nurses, play an important role in assessing and managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Oncology nurses need adequate knowledge and skills to optimally assess and manage CINV in oncology settings. Aim: the study intended to assess Jordanian oncology nurses' knowledge of assessing and managing CINV. Methods: a cross-sectional design was used to survey 229 oncology nurses working in oncology units in three hospitals. Findings: most participants were female (62.9%). The age rage was 21–55 years, with a mean age of 29.9 years (SD=6.2). The mean overall knowledge score was low at 4.7 (SD=3.5) (95% CI=4.40–5.01). Poor knowledge of CINV assessment and management were noted. Conclusion: oncology nurses' knowledge about the assessment and management of CINV is inadequate, and improvements in knowledge are needed. An educational intervention is recommended, which needs to be tested to ensure that it is both effective and feasible to provide.
Customized Spectral Libraries for Effective Mineral Exploration: Mining National Mineral Collections
Authors: Percival Jeanne B. , Bosman Sean A. , Potter Eric G. , Peter Jan M. , Laudadio Alexandra B. , Abraham Ashley C. , Shiley Daniel A. , Sherry Chris 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInfrared (Visible-Near Infrared-Shortwave Infrared (VNIR-SWIR)) spectroscopy is a cost-effective technique for mineral identification in the field. Modern hand-held spectrometers are equipped with on-board spectral libraries that enable rapid, qualitative analysis of most minerals and facilitate recognition of key alteration minerals for exploration. Spectral libraries can be general or customized for specific mineral deposit environments. To this end, careful collection of spectra in a controlled environment on pure specimens of key minerals was completed using the National Mineral Reference Collection (NMC) of the Geological Survey of Canada. The spectra collected from specimens in the ‘Kodama Clay Collection’ were processed using spectral plotting software and each new example was validated before being added to a group of spectra considered for incorporation into the on-board library of the handheld ASD-TerraSpec Halo near-infrared (NIR) mineral identification instrument. Spectra from an additional suite of mineral samples of the NMC containingREE, U, Th, and/or Nb are being prepared for a new, publicly available spectral library. These minerals commonly occur in carbonatite or alkali intrusive deposits, and as such will assist in the exploration for critical metals.
Strategic design practices in digital innovation: Findings from strategic design projects with industry
Authors: Price Rebecca , Kleinsmann Maaike 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Such is the prevalence of digital systems within today’s organizations that design projects that deal with digital subject matter are inherently strategic. Therefore, the aim of this article is to contribute an understanding of how design practices in digital innovation are informed by strategic renewal. To pursue this inquiry, the article seeks to understand how strategic designers operate in ill-defined but opportunity-rich contexts on projects that concern digital innovation. A practice-led methodology is applied to document an engagement with a fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) firm for ten weeks – with six design teams responding to design briefs set by the client. The findings are that strategic designers apply design methods and techniques to translate technology-centred briefs into fundamentally human-centred problems to be solved. The strategic ambitions of the client and human-centred emphasis can guide designer practice during the otherwise uncertain and complex journey of digital innovation. Further, this article contributes new knowledge regarding strategic design practice and the nature of hidden constraints that are present during digital innovation.
Unifying dimensions in coherence relations: How various annotation frameworks are related
Authors: Sanders Ted J.M. , Demberg Vera , Hoek Jet , Scholman Merel C.J. , Asr Fatemeh Torabi , Zufferey Sandrine , Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we show how three often used and seemingly different discourse annotation frameworks – Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB), Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), and Segmented Discourse Representation Theory – can be related by using a set of unifying dimensions. These dimensions are taken from the Cognitive approach to Coherence Relations and combined with more fine-grained additional features from the frameworks themselves to yield a posited set of dimensions that can successfully map three frameworks. The resulting interface will allow researchers to find identical or at least closely related relations within sets of annotated corpora, even if they are annotated within different frameworks. Furthermore, we tested our unified dimension (UniDim) approach by comparing PDTB and RST annotations of identical newspaper texts and converting their original end label annotations of relations into the accompanying values per dimension. Subsequently, rates of overlap in the attributed values per dimension were analyzed. Results indicate that the proposed dimensions indeed create an interface that makes existing annotation systems “talk to each other.”
Pregnancy luteoma: a rare presentation and expectant management
Authors: Duru Coteli Sinem Ayse , Orgul Gokcen , Salman Mehmet Coskun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Pregnancy luteoma (PL) is a rare cause of non-neoplastic masses in pregnancy. PLs are usually asymptomatic. However, general symptoms like pelvic pain, lumbalgia, constipation or virilization due to active hormone secretion can be detected as the clinical findings of these benign cysts. The definitive diagnosis of PL is most commonly possible with a pathological evaluation after surgical intervention. Therefore, we present a successful management of PL with close follow-up until delivery. Beside the suspicion of malignancy by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the cytological evaluation of ascites revealed benign cells which was helpful to decide expectant management.
A Broadband Impedance-Matching Method for Microstrip Patch Antennas Based on the Bode-Fano Theory
Authors: Bonenberger Christopher M. A. , Kark Klaus W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Considering the narrow bandwidth of microstrip antennas, but also their applicability in upcoming technologies, this paper addresses the problem of wide-band matching, the theoretical bounds on the matching bandwidth and low-cost and low-complexity matching strategies. In this context the Bode-Fano bounds of single mode, linearly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antennas is evaluated, optimized and compared to the theoretical bounds on matching bandwidth of other common feeding technologies. A detailed study of the input impedance of aperture-coupled patch antennas shows how to widen the Fano bounds. Based on this, a straight-forward and effective method to optimize the Fano bound is given. After optimization of the antennas input impedance, basic matching techniques can be applied, to exploit the enlarged bandwidth potential. As an example a

λ

/

4

$\lambda/4$

-transformer as matching element is proposed. Design equations and simulation and measurement results of X-band prototypes are given as verification.