bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir in the Treatment of Early Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV-Infected Men
Authors: Palaniswami Paari M , El Sayed Ahmed , Asriel Benjamin , Carollo Jesse R , Fierer Daniel S ,   the New York Acute Hepatitis C Surveillance Network, Akil Bisher , Bailey Juan , Bellman Paul , Bowers Daniel , Bungay Krisczar , Burger Susanne , Cantor Aviva , Chasan Rachel , Chavez Robert , Chow Rita , Cohen Robert , Dalton Patrick , Dellosso John , Dillon Stephen , Donlon Eileen , Farrow Terry , Fefer Jose , Gaisa Michael , Guadron Rodolfo , Haber Stuart , Hefron Susan , Higgins Lawrence , Hitzeman Lawrence , Hsu Ricky , Huprikar Shirish , Inada Victor , Jacob Sneha , Johnson Livette , Johnston Barbara , Kaminsky Donald , Klein Oscar , Kwong Jeffrey , Lares-Guia Jose , Leach Eric , Levine Randy , Linetskaya Irina , Litvinova Larisa , Malhotra Amisha , Mandell William , Markowitz Martin , Mayer Gal , Meraz Eddie , Mortensen Erik , Olivieri Joseph , Paolino Charles , Photangtham Punyadech , Psevdos George , Radix Asa , Rapaport Steven , Ray Roona , Rodriguez-Caprio Gabriela , Shay William , Somasundaram Nirupama , Sorra Lembitu , Tran Richie , Urbina Antonio , Vail Rona , Wallach Francis , Wang Wen , Weiss Susan , Wiener Melissa 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Treatment of HIV-infected men during early hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with interferon results in a higher cure rate with a shorter duration of treatment than during chronic HCV infection. We recently demonstrated that this phenomenon applied to interferon-free treatment as well, curing most participants with short-course sofosbuvir and ribavirin. Due to the significantly higher potency of the ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) combination, we hypothesized that we would be more successful in curing early HCV infections using a shorter course of LDV/SOF than that used for treating chronic HCV infections.

Methods
We performed a prospective, open-label, consecutive case series study of 8 weeks of LDV/SOF in HIV-infected men with early genotype 1 HCV infection. The primary end point was aviremia at least 12 weeks after completion of treatment.

Results
We treated 25 HIV-infected men with early sexually acquired HCV infection with 8 weeks of LDV/SOF, and all 25 (100%) were cured. Twelve (48%) reported sexualized drug use with methamphetamine.

Conclusions
Eight weeks of LDV/SOF cured all 25 HIV-infected men with early HCV infection, including those who were actively using drugs. Based on these results, we recommend treatment of newly HCV-infected men during early infection, regardless of drug use, to both take advantage of this 8-week treatment and to decrease further HCV transmission among this group of men.
Distinguishing Brain Impact of Aging and HIV Severity in Chronic HIV Using Multiparametric MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy
Authors: Chu Karen , Tran Thao , Wei Ke , Lammering Jeanne C , Sondergaard Anders , Mogadam Emad , Shriner Kimberly , King Kevin S 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has transformed HIV into a manageable but complex chronic disease, in which it is uncertain which brain insults may relate to age vs initial disease severity. We evaluate N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and mean cortical thickness to identify which subclinical markers of brain insult best relate to CD4 nadir and aging. This is a prospective study of the association between brain markers with age and initial infection severity, based on CD4 nadir, in chronic HIV patients.

Methods
Thirty-seven chronic HIV patients (age 25–77 years) with successful viral suppression were scanned on a GE 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner to obtain NAA/Cr (standardized and averaged over 5 brain regions), log-transformed WMH volume, and mean cortical thickness. The brain measures were fitted with both CD4 nadir and age to evaluate the significance of their relationship.

Results
NAA/Cr, WMH, and cortical thickness were all correlated with age and CD4 nadir in unadjusted associations. Stepwise regression models showed that NAA/Cr alone best predicted CD4 nadir (β = 40.1 ± 13.3; P = .005), whereas WMH (β = 2.3 ± .9; P = .02) and mean cortical thickness (β = –2.7 ± 6.6; P &lt; .0001) together produced the best model fit with age. NAA/Cr was higher for HIV stage 1 (CD4 nadir ≥ 500 cells/ µL; n = 15) compared with stage 2 (200 ≥ CD4 nadir &lt; 500; n = 13) and stage 3 (CD4 nadir &lt; 200; n = 9; P &lt; .01 for both).

Conclusions
In patients with effectively suppressed HIV, NAA reflects the subclinical brain impact of initial disease severity related to development of even mild immune compromise, whereas cortical thickness and WMH volume are useful to evaluate age-related changes.
Innovative Development of Contact Lenses
Authors: Kobashi Hidenaga , Ciolino Joseph B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:
Contact lenses have been a common means of vision correction for more than half a century. Recent developments have raised the possibility that the next few decades will see a considerable broadening of the range of applications for contact lenses, with associated expansions in the number and type of individuals who consider them a valuable option. The novel applications of contact lenses include treatment platforms for myopic progression, biosensors, and ocular drug delivery. Orthokeratology has shown the most consistent treatment for myopia control with the least side effects. Recent work has resulted in commercialization of a device to monitor intraocular pressure for up to 24 hours, and extensive efforts are underway to develop a contact lens sensor capable of continuous glucose tear film monitoring for the management of diabetes. Other studies on drug-eluting contact lenses have focused on increasing the release duration through molecular imprinting, use of vitamin E, and increased drug binding to polymers by sandwiching a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) layer in the lens. This review demonstrates the potential for contact lenses to provide novel opportunities for refractive management, diagnosis, and management of diseases.
Penetrating Keratoplasty Using the Femtosecond Laser: A Comparison of Postoperative Visual Acuity and Astigmatism by Suture Pattern
Authors: Shumway Caleb L. , Aggarwal Sahil , Farid Marjan , Muniz-Castro Hannah , Jarstad Allison , Garg Sumit , Kedhar Sanjay , Wade Matthew 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
To compare the effect of 3 common suturing techniques on eyes that received femtosecond laser-enabled penetrating keratoplasty (FLEK) with a zig-zag configuration at the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California- Irvine, California.

Methods:
This is a retrospective chart review of a series of 319 eyes of 286 patients who underwent FLEK with a zig-zag configuration. One hundred fifty-seven eyes had running sutures, 136 eyes had simple interrupted sutures, and 26 eyes had combined sutures (single running and simple interrupted). The main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and topographic astigmatism (TCyl). These parameters were recorded for the first year of follow-up regardless of suture removal status and also after full suture removal.

Results:
At 3 months, the BSCVA of the running, interrupted, and combined suture groups was 0.22 (±0.2), 0.41 (±0.3), and 0.29 (±0.1), respectively (P < 0.01). The mean TCyl of the running, interrupted, and combined groups at 3 months was 3.95 (±2.7), 6.41 (±4.4), and 5.44 (±3.3) D, respectively (P < 0.01) All sutures were removed in 190 of 319 eyes, and at the last recorded visit, the mean BSCVA was 0.18 (±0.2), 0.34 (±0.2), and 0.19 (±0.2) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution in the running, interrupted, and combined groups, respectively (P < 0.01) and mean TCyl was 4.51 (±2.8), 5.62 (±3.7), and 4.57 (±2.9) D, respectively (P = 0.11).

Conclusions:
Better visual acuity after full suture removal was observed in the running suture group; however, the subgroups of patients with keratoconus were similar after all sutures were removed.
Descemetorhexis Without Endothelial Keratoplasty Versus DMEK for Treatment of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Huang Marshall J. , Kane Steven , Dhaliwal Deepinder K. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
To compare the visual outcomes and associated morbidity of patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy who were treated with either Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) or descemetorhexis without endothelial keratoplasty (DWEK).

Methods:
This is a retrospective comparative cohort study of 27 eyes with mild to moderate Fuchs dystrophy (with corneal guttae/edema limited to the central cornea with relatively clear periphery) that were treated at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2015 to 2017 with either DMEK (n = 15) or DWEK (n = 12). Descemetorhexis was performed by removing the central 4 mm of diseased Descemet membrane at the end of phacoemulsification for cataract surgery. Visual acuity was measured using the Snellen chart and then converted to logMAR for analysis.

Results:
Average postoperative pinhole visual acuity was 20/25 − 1 (logMAR 0.16 ± 0.09) for DMEK eyes and 20/30 + 1 (logMAR 0.13 ± 0.10) for DWEK eyes (P = 0.44). The average time to 20/40 vision for DMEK was 2.2 ± 2.8 weeks compared with 7.1 ± 2.7 weeks for DWEK (P < 0.01). In our DMEK group, 8 (53%) patients had adverse events, including increased intraocular pressure (n = 7), anterior chamber inflammation (n = 1), and graft nonadherence (n = 1), with 1 patient requiring anterior chamber paracentesis (6.7%) and 1 patient (6.7%) requiring a rebubbling procedure. Our DWEK group had no adverse events (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
DWEK effectively treats select patients with mild to moderate Fuchs dystrophy with equivalent visual outcomes compared with the current standard of care, DMEK. Although the recovery time may be longer, DWEK patients had reduced adverse events and need for additional procedures and did not require long-term immunosuppression or donor corneal tissue.
Association Between Season, Temperature and Causative Organism in Microbial Keratitis in the UK
Authors: Walkden Andrew , Fullwood Catherine , Tan Shi Zhuan , Au Leon , Armstrong Malcolm , Brahma Arun K. , Chidambaram Jaya D. , Carley Fiona 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
Microbial keratitis (MK) is a major cause of corneal blindness worldwide. Variations in season and temperature can affect MK incidence due to specific causative organisms; however, few studies have examined these factors in the UK.

Methods:
Retrospective review of all corneal scrapes from patients with MK presenting to Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, UK, between January 2004 and December 2015. Manchester’s monthly temperature data were obtained from Met Office UK. Analysis was performed using logistic regression.

Results:
From 4229 corneal scrapes, 1539 organisms grew (90.6% bacteria, 7.1% fungi, and 2.3% Acanthamoebae sp.). Gram-positive bacteria grew with increasing temperature [odds ratio (OR) 1.62, 95% CI: 1.11–2.39, P = 0.014], and fungi grew with decreasing temperature (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.16–0.51, P < 0.001). Moraxella sp. grew with decreasing temperature (OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96, P = 0.001). Compared with winter, overall culture positivity was significantly less likely in summer (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38–0.87, P = 0.008) and spring (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.99, P = 0.045). Gram-negative bacteria were more likely in summer (OR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06–2.09, P = 0.022) and autumn (OR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.24–2.47, P = 0.001). Candida sp. were less likely in summer (OR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07–0.82, P = 0.027) and autumn (OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05–0.62, P = 0.009), and Acanthamoeba sp. were less likely in summer (OR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.15–0.92, P = 0.037) and spring (OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08–0.69, P = 0.011).

Conclusions:
Herein we report variation in the incidence of MK-causing organisms by season and temperature; this finding may aid clinicians in predicting possible causative organisms for MK at differing times of the year.
Road to a Genetic Model of Gelatinous Drop-Like Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Tsujikawa Motokazu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:
Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD; OMIM: 204870) is an autosomal recessive Mendelian-inherited disease. Subepithelial amyloid deposition results in severe visual impairment. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. Identification of the responsible gene is a useful approach to investigating the pathogenesis of genetic diseases. Such an identification is also necessary for the creation of genetic models. For this purpose, our group performed positional cloning using homozygosity mapping. The results revealed that GDLD maps to the short arm of chromosome 1. Subsequent mutation analyses identified tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2; former name, M1S1) as the gene responsible for GDLD. After identification of the gene, we examined the phylogenetical distribution of TACSTD2 in the genomes of vertebrates.
Superficial Keratopigmentation: An Alternative Solution for Patients With Cosmetically or Functionally Impaired Eyes
Authors: Al-Shymali Olena , Rodriguez Alejandra E. , Amesty Maria A. , Alio Jorge L. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
To report the use of different superficial keratopigmentation (KTP) techniques for restoring or enhancing cosmetic appearance of eyes impaired for several reasons.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative interventional series of cases, in which 136 cosmetically disabled eyes (due to different corneal abnormalities) of 130 patients were included. A total of 222 procedures of superficial manual KTP and superficial automated KTP were performed. The procedures were divided into 2 groups: first and second-stage procedures. The patients' cosmetic appearance and satisfaction were evaluated and graded as excellent, good, or poor.

Results:
A total of 222 procedures were performed, 57.2% were superficial automated KTP, 22.5% were superficial manual KTP, and 20.3% included the combination of superficial KTP with other KTP techniques. Six procedures were purely cosmetic, 16 therapeutic functional, and 200 therapeutic cosmetic. Superficial KTP, as a second-stage procedure, was performed in 13 eyes that were previously pigmented by intrastromal techniques. Superficial KTP as an initial indication (first-stage procedure) alone or in combination with another KTP technique in the same surgery was performed in 123 eyes, in which 44.7% of them were reoperated once or more. Best-corrected visual acuity changed insignificantly, and the intraocular pressure decreased significantly in all the studied groups. No intraoperative complications were observed, 11.2% of eyes with a follow-up time of more than 3 months developed postoperative complications. Most of the patients (98.5%) were satisfied.

Conclusions:
The modern superficial KTP procedure provides the possibility to improve the cosmetic appearance of impaired eyes, as an alternative to evisceration, enucleation, prosthetic contact lenses, or keratoplasty.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density in Uveal Coloboma Associated With Microcornea
Authors: Dhakal Rohit , Mohamed Ashik , Chaurasia Sunita , Ramappa Muralidhar , Jalali Subhadra 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the relationship between endothelial cell density (ECD) and mean corneal diameter (MCD) in eyes with uveal coloboma associated with microcornea.

Methods:
Corneal endothelial cell imaging was performed using specular microscopy on 22 eyes of 18 subjects diagnosed with uveal coloboma associated with microcornea. The MCD was noted as the average of horizontal and vertical corneal diameters, which were measured using the ruler tool of the slit-lamp biomicroscope and Castroviejo calipers.

Results:
Mean age of the study subjects was 29.7 ± 10.4 years (range, 14–46 years). The MCD was 7.3 ± 1.1 mm (range, 4.9–9 mm). Mean ECD (3436 ± 316.2 cells/mm2) of the study subjects was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than the mean ECD (2761.8 ± 140.9 cells/mm2) of age-matched (range, 10–40 years) normal eyes with no ocular pathology. The pleomorphism and polymegathism were comparable between the 2 groups. Regression analysis showed that MCD had a significant negative (R = −0.55; P = 0.02) relationship with ECD.

Conclusions:
Eyes with congenital uveal coloboma associated with microcornea have increased ECD. Increased ECD may be partly due to a reduced posterior corneal surface area in microcornea.
The Relation Between Morphometric Features and Susceptibility to Mandibular Angle Fractures
Authors: Bereznyak Elias Yekaterina , Shilo Dekel , Emodi Omri , Noy Dani , Rachmiel Adi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The study was aimed to determine possible relations between skeletal morphologic parameters to mandibular angle fractures. Retrospective study of 100 patients suffering from mandibular fractures and treated in the Rambam Health Care Campus between the years 2013 and 2017 was conducted. Predictor variable was facial skeletal morphologic features as derived from the measurements. Outcome variable was mandibular angle fractures. About 42 patients suffered from angle fractures. Gonial angle (131.3° versus 118.1°), condylar neck width (8.3 mm versus 6.8 mm sagittaly and 7.1 mm versus 5.8 mm horizontally), and wisdom tooth prevalence and impaction were positively correlated to the fracture. Ramus height (48.3 mm versus 53.4 mm) was negatively correlated to angle fractures. Many reports in the literature show positive relations between impacted 3rd molars and angle fractures, yet only sporadic reports describe relations between facial fractures and facial features. Our results showed the predictable positive relation between angle fractures and 3rd molar prevalence and impaction. Yet surprisingly, we found unequivocal significant positive correlation between angle fractures to gonial angle and condylar neck width and negative correlation to ramus height. Based on the correlation to the gonial angle and ramal height, it is concluded that enlarged anterior vertical growth is a predictor for angle fractures, as are condylar neck width, and wisdom teeth.
A New Proposal for Three-Dimensional Positioning of the Chin Using a Single Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Surgical Guide
Authors: Costa Pedro Jorge Cavalcante , Demétrio Maurício Silva , Nogueira Pedro Thalles Bernardo Carvalho , Rodrigues Larissa Raposo , Júnior Paulo Domingos Ribeiro 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The workflow digital to aid the treatment of dentofacial deformities is a reality. Associated with the virtual planning, the creation of surgical guides assists the performance of osteotomies and bone positioning, increasing the accuracy of surgical outcomes. This study aims to present a new method of surgical guide for genioplasty based on the selected osteosynthesis plate.
Nasal Tip Grafts
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Bayar Muluk Nuray , Winkler Andrew , Thomas J. Regan 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
The nasal tip is the most prominent part of the nose. The aim of this paper is to review nasal tip grafts with detailed explanation and figures.

Methods:
The authors searched PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Proquest Central database of the Kirikkale University. Search was performed with the key words of “nasal,” “tip,” “graft.” The indications and grafting techniques were presented.

Results:
The external shape of the nasal tip is determined by the curves and contours of the lower lateral cartilages and their interactions with the surrounding tissues. Normative data exist regarding the ideal shape and shadowing of the nasal tip. The mainly used tip grafts in rhinoplasty are “Floating graft (Goldman) ,” “Tip Onlay Graft,” “Columellar Strut Graft,” “Caudal Septal Extension Graft,” “Shield Graft,” “Alar batten onlay graft,” “Lateral Crural Strut Grafts,” “Alar rim grafts.”

Conclusion:
When tip sutures are not enough, cartilage tip grafts offer a versitile and effective way to change the nasal tip. While there has been a vast array of grafting techniques described, this paper reviewed many of the most popular and useful grafts in modern use.
The Rules of Attractiveness: A Study on the Lower Facial Third
Authors: Saponaro Gianmarco , Gasparini Giulio , Boniello Roberto , Pelo Sandro , Doneddu Piero , Todaro Mattia , D’Amato Giuseppe , Garagiola Umberto , Grippaudo Cristina , Moro Alessandro 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
What is considered attractive may not fall into the “norm,” and it can vary from culture to culture and depending on the historical time, for this reason the standard cephalometric and antropometric references may not be sufficient in these cases.
Lately some techniques have arose to popularity that are aimed to changing the frontal and lateral aspect of the facial lower third, such as V-line or the Chin-Wing Osteotomy technique, but no reference system exists at the moment to define to which extent a modification of the lower third falls within what is considered beautiful, and everything is left to the patient's will or to the surgeon's sensitivity.
The aim of this article is to study which antropometric value is considered attractive by the most for what concerns the frontal shape of the lower third of the face.
Twenty-four female models were enrolled in this study and the angle taken into consideration was the one at the intersection between the 2 lines connecting the cutaneous gonial angle of each side of the face and the most external part of the chin on the same side. Measures were made on pictures in frontal view.
Two hundred two random examiners were asked to see the pictures and rate them as attractive or nonattractive.
Results were then paired with the angles values.
Among the models the higher angle measured was 107.5° (found in 1 individual) while the lower angle was 76° (found in 1 individual), the average measure calculated was 88.3° while the median angle was 89.5°.
According to the result the subjects considered more attractive were those with an angle between 84.5 and 91.5 (92 for male examiners).
This could be an important starting point for studies who can evaluate attractiveness from a numerical point of view.
Repeated phenotypic evolution by different genetic routes: the evolution of colony switching in Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25
Authors: Gallie Jenna , Bertels Frederic , Remigi Philippe , Ferguson Gayle C , Nestmann Sylke , Rainey Paul B 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTRepeated evolution of functionally similar phenotypes is observed throughout the tree of life. The extent to which the underlying genetics are conserved remains an area of considerable interest. Previously, we reported the evolution of colony switching in two independent lineages of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 (Beaumont et al., 2009). The phenotypic and genotypic bases of colony switching in the first lineage (Line 1) have been described elsewhere (Beaumont et al., 2009; Gallie et al., 2015). Here, we deconstruct the evolution of colony switching in the second lineage (Line 6). We show that, as for Line 1, Line 6 colony switching results from an increase in the expression of a colanic acid-like polymer (CAP). At the genetic level, nine mutations occur in Line 6. Only one of these - a non-synonymous point mutation in the housekeeping sigma factor rpoD - is required for colony switching. In contrast, the genetic basis of colony switching in Line 1 is a mutation in the metabolic gene carB (Beaumont et al., 2009). A molecular model has recently been proposed whereby the carB mutation increases capsulation by redressing the intracellular balance of positive (ribosomes) and negative (RsmAE/CsrA) regulators of a positive feedback loop in capsule expression (Remigi et al., 2018). We show that Line 6 colony switching is consistent with this model; the rpoD mutation generates an increase in ribosome expression, and ultimately an increase in CAP expression.