bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Converging evidence points towards a role of insulin signaling in regulating compulsive behavior
Authors: van de Vondervoort Ilse I. G. M. , Amiri Houshang , Bruchhage Muriel M. K. , Oomen Charlotte A. , Rustogi Nitin , Cooper Jason D. , van Asten Jack J. A. , Heerschap Arend , Bahn Sabine , Williams Steven C. R. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Poelmans Geert , Glennon Jeffrey C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with childhood onset, and is characterized by intrusive thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Previously, we identified insulin signaling being associated with OCD and here, we aim to further investigate this link in vivo. We studied TALLYHO/JngJ (TH) mice, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, to (1) assess compulsive and anxious behaviors, (2) determine neuro-metabolite levels by 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and brain structural connectivity by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and (3) investigate plasma and brain protein levels for molecules previously associated with OCD (insulin, Igf1, Kcnq1, and Bdnf) in these subjects. TH mice showed increased compulsivity-like behavior (reduced spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze) and more anxiety (less time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze). In parallel, their brains differed in the white matter microstructure measures fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the midline corpus callosum (increased FA and decreased MD), in myelinated fibers of the dorsomedial striatum (decreased FA and MD), and superior cerebellar peduncles (decreased FA and MD). MRS revealed increased glucose levels in the dorsomedial striatum and increased glutathione levels in the anterior cingulate cortex in the TH mice relative to their controls. Igf1 expression was reduced in the cerebellum of TH mice but increased in the plasma. In conclusion, our data indicates a role of (abnormal) insulin signaling in compulsivity-like behavior.
Association of chronic and acute inflammation of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior
Authors: Isung Josef , Isomura Kayoko , Almqvist Catarina , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Wester Tomas , Rück Christian , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Sidorchuk Anna , Mataix-Cols David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImmune dysregulation due to chronic inflammation is a hypothesized risk factor underlying psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior. Whether tonsillectomy and acute appendicitis used, respectively, as proxies for chronic and acute inflammation within the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are associated with psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior is currently unknown. A birth cohort study was conducted including 3,052,875 individuals born in Sweden between 1973 and 2003. We identified 210,686 individuals ever exposed to tonsillectomy and 86,928 individuals ever exposed to acute appendicitis, as well as 317,214 clusters of siblings discordant for tonsillectomy, and 160,079 sibling clusters discordant for acute appendicitis. Outcomes were an aggregate risk of ‘any psychiatric disorder’, ‘any suicidal behavior’, 12 individual psychiatric disorders, suicide attempts and deaths by suicide. Tonsillectomy was associated with increased odds of ‘any psychiatric disorder’ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38–1.41) and ‘any suicidal behavior’ (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.37–1.44), and most individual disorders. Acute appendicitis also increased the odds of ‘any psychiatric disorder’ and ‘any suicidal behavior’ (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.20–1.25, and aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.28–1.37, respectively). Exposure to both tonsillectomy and appendicitis was associated with the highest odds of ‘any psychiatric disorder’ (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.59–1.82) and ‘any suicidal behavior’ (aOR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.70–2.12). In sibling comparisons, the associations were attenuated but remained significant. We conclude that inflammation within the MALT, particularly when chronic, is robustly associated with a broad range of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior.
Vascular endothelial growth factor 165 inhibits pro-fibrotic differentiation of stromal cells via the DLL4/Notch4/smad7 pathway
Authors: Lv Haining , Nan Ziqing , Jiang Peipei , Wang Zhiyin , Song Minmin , Ding Hailin , Liu Dan , Zhao Guangfeng , Zheng Yaowu , Hu Yali 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEndometrial fibrosis is the main pathological feature of Asherman’s syndrome (AS), which is the leading cause of uterine infertility. Much is known about the expression of VEGF165 in luminal/glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells of the endometrium in normal menstrual cycles; however, less is known about the role and mechanism of VEGF165 in endometrial fibrosis. Herein, we report that VEGF165 is a key regulator in endometrial stromal cells to inhibit α-SMA and collagen 1 expression. Compared to human control subjects, patients with AS exhibited decreased VEGF165 expression in the endometrium along with increased fibrotic marker expression and collagen production. A fibrotic phenotype was shown in both mice with conditional VEGF reduction and VEGF165-deleted endometrial stromal cells. Exogenous VEGF165 could suppress TGFβ1-induced α-SMA and collagen 1 expression in human primary endometrial stromal cells. However, this beneficial effect was hindered when the expression of smad7 or Notch4 was inhibited or when Notch signaling was blocked, suggesting that smad7 and Notch4 are essential downstream molecules for VEGFA functioning. Overall, our results uncover a clinical targeting strategy for VEGF165 to inhibit pro-fibrotic differentiation of stromal cells by inducing DLL4/Notch4/smad7, which paves the way for AS treatment.
Fast ionic conduction in semiconductor CeO2-δ electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Wang Baoyuan , Zhu Bin , Yun Sining , Zhang Wei , Xia Chen , Afzal Muhammad , Cai Yixiao , Liu Yanyan , Wang Yi , Wang Hao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProducing electrolytes with high ionic conductivity has been a critical challenge in the progressive development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for practical applications. The conventional methodology uses the ion doping method to develop electrolyte materials, e.g., samarium-doped ceria (SDC) and yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), but challenges remain. In the present work, we introduce a logical design of non-stoichiometric CeO2-δ based on non-doped ceria with a focus on the surface properties of the particles. The CeO2−δ reached an ionic conductivity of 0.1 S/cm and was used as the electrolyte in a fuel cell, resulting in a remarkable power output of 660 mW/cm2 at 550 °C. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) clearly clarified that a surface buried layer on the order of a few nanometers was composed of Ce3+ on ceria particles to form a CeO2−δ@CeO2 core–shell heterostructure. The oxygen deficient layer on the surface provided ionic transport pathways. Simultaneously, band energy alignment is proposed to address the short circuiting issue. This work provides a simple and feasible methodology beyond common structural (bulk) doping to produce sufficient ionic conductivity. This work also demonstrates a new approach to progress from material fundamentals to an advanced low-temperature SOFC technology.
Altered kynurenine pathway metabolites in a mouse model of human attention-deficit hyperactivity/autism spectrum disorders: A potential new biological diagnostic marker
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Imamura Yukio , Saito Kuniaki , Sakai Daisuke , Motoyama Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeleterious mutations in patchd1 domain containing 1 (PTCHD1) gene have been identified in patients with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To clarify the causal relationship between Ptchd1 deficiency and behavioral defects relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, we generated global Ptchd1 knockout (KO) mice. Ptchd1 KO mice displayed hyperlocomotion, increased impulsivity, and lower recognition memory, which resemble attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviors. Acute or chronic treatment with atomoxetine ameliorated almost all behavioral deficits in Pthcd1 KO mice. We next determined possible involvement of the kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites in neurodevelopmental disorders in Ptchd1 KO mice and assessed the potential of KP metabolites as biomarkers for ADHD and/or ASD. Ptchd1 KO mice showed drastic changes in KP metabolite concentrations in the serum and the brain, indicating that the activated KP is associated with ADHD-like behaviors. Our findings indicate that Ptchd1 KO mice can be used as an animal model of human ADHD and/or ASD, and KP metabolites are potential diagnostic biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors Questionnaire
Authors: Skarżyński Henryk , Bieńkowska Katarzyna , Gos Elżbieta , Skarżyński Piotr Henryk , Grudzień Diana , Czajka Natalia , Wołujewicz Kinga , Włodarczyk Elżbieta 
Published: September 2019

PurposeChildren with (central) auditory processing disorder [(C)APD] exhibit many cognitive difficulties and receive negative psychosocial consequences from their disorder. Diagnosis of (C)APD relies on multidisciplinary assessment, including psychological testing. There is a strong need for valid and reliable questionnaires to identify children who are at risk of (C)APD. This work aims to establish the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB;Domitz & Schow, 2000;Krzeszewska & Kurkowski, 2015;Miranda, Bruera, & Serra 2016;Musiek & Chermak, 2007;Nunes et al., 2013) as a screening tool in children.MethodThe SAB was administered to parents of 326 children (152 girls and 174 boys) aged from 6 to 12 years (M= 8.24,SD= 1.56). The questionnaire consists of 12 items related to various symptoms of (C)APD and allows the frequency of particular behaviors to be assessed. In addition, the questionnaire Children's Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties was administered to parents, and 3 other psychoacoustic behavioral tests (Frequency Pattern Test, Duration Pattern Test, Dichotic Digit Test;Czajka et al., 2012) were conducted on the children to evaluate their auditory abilities.ResultsThe Polish version of SAB demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .93), confirmed by interitem correlations. Intraclass correlation, which was used to determine reproducibility, was .95. There were also significant and positive relationships, ranging fromr= .17 to .68, between the SAB score and scores of other measures, indicating convergent validity of the tool. Girls demonstrated higher SAB scores than boys (p< .05); however, age was not statistically significant. A ceiling effect was detected, but no floor effect.ConclusionsResults of psychometric and statistical analyses suggest the Polish version of SAB appears to be a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate symptoms of (C)APD in children, especially as a screening tool.
Lungenembolie
Authors: Hobohm Lukas , Lankeit Mareike 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening disease and the third most frequent cardiovascular cause of death after stroke and myocardial infarction. The annual incidence is increasing. The individual risk for PE-related complications and death increases with the number of comorbidities and severity of right ventricular dysfunction. Using clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters, patients with PE can be stratified to four risk classes (high, intermediate-high, intermediate-low and low risk). This risk stratification has concrete therapeutic consequences ranging from out-of-hospital treatment of low-risk patients to reperfusion treatment of (intermediate-) high-risk patients. For haemodynamically unstable patients, a treatment decision should preferable be made in interdisciplinary “Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams” (PERT). Being comparably efficient and due to a preferable safety profile compared to vitamin-K antagonists (VKAs), non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly considered to be the treatment of choice for initial and prolonged anticoagulation of patients with pulmonary embolism. The use of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) is recommended for PE patients with cancer; however, recent studies indicate that treatment with factor Xa-inhibitors may be effective and safe (in patients without gastrointestinal cancer). Only prolonged anticoagulation (in reduced dosage) will ensure reduction of VTE recurrence and thus should be considered for all patients with unprovoked events.
Komplikationen der Leberzirrhose – medikamentöse versus interventionelle Therapie
Authors: Sturm Lukas , Rössle Martin , Schultheiß Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis is impaired by complications such as variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy and hepatocellular carcinoma. A steadily increasing array of treatment options for these complications is available, including pharmaceutical treatment (e. g. beta blockers for varices or diuretics for ascites), endoscopic treatment (e. g. band ligation of varices), radiological interventions (e. g. transjugular shunt, transarterial chemoembolization) and liver transplantation. Most of the complications occur due to portal hypertension. Therefore, decompressive treatment by implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) an effective therapeutic option for many complications of liver cirrhosis. Its main indications are acute and recurrent variceal bleeding in patients with advanced disease as well as refractory ascites. The TIPS does not affect options of abdominal surgery and may therefore be used as a bridge to liver transplantation.
Begutachtung von Patienten mit Osteoporose im
Schwerbehindertenrecht
Authors: Gehlen Martin , Pfeifer Michael , Lazarescu Ana Doina , Hanneforth Margreth , Hinz Christian , Schwarz-Eywill Michael 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Gesetzgeber stellt Menschen mit Behinderung unter einen besonderen Schutz.
Die Schwere der Behinderung wird anhand des „Grads der Behinderung/GdB“
beschrieben. Einer Funktionsstörung im Rahmen einer Erkrankung wird ein GdB
zugeordnet. Die Versorgungs-Medizin-Verordnung regelt die Höhe des jeweiligen
GdB in insgesamt 18 Kapiteln. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden den abstrakten
Angaben der Versorgungs-Medizin-Verordnung konkrete Kriterien für die
Beurteilung der Funktionseinschränkungen bei Osteoporose zugeordnet. Es ist das
Ziel dieser Arbeit, für die Ermittlung des GdB bei Patienten mit Osteoporose
konkrete, allgemein anerkannte und nachvollziehbare Kriterien zu etablieren um
bundesweit einheitliche Bewertungsmaßstäbe sicherzustellen.
E-Zigarette und Gesundheit – Pro – Risikoreduktion durch die E-Zigarette als Teil der Sekundärprävention bei pAVK
Authors: Kröger Knut 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSmoking is the most important risk factor for peripheral arterial occlusive disease (paod). Smoking cessation is and remains the gold standard in the secondary prevention recommendation. E-cigarettes/tobacco heaters are recommended for smokers who are unable to stop smoking or who do not want it. According to the recommendation of the German Society of Addiction, switching to e-cigarettes/tobacco heaters in this group of smokers, who are not accessible for smoking cessation strategies, can achieve a more than 90 % reduction of pollutant exposure. However, physicians who treat vascular patients in Germany lack fundamental knowledge about the variety of e-cigarettes/tobacco heaters, their handling and their emissions. Therefore, an open and professional discussion among cardiologists, angiologists and vascular surgeons on smoking cessation and harm reduction is necessary.
E-Zigaretten und Gesundheit – Contra
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner 
Published: September 2019

AbstractE-cigarettes are not a safe alternative to cigarettes, and may substantially increase cardiovascular and lung disease risks. Rather than stimulating smokers to switch from conventional cigarettes to e-cigarettes only, most e-cigarette users are dual users. E-cigarettes are prolonging nicotine addiction and expanding the nicotine market by attracting youth.
Medizinische Trainingstherapie zur Prävention und
Rehabilitation von Wirbelkörperfrakturen bei Osteoporose
Authors: Pfeifer Michael , Sinaki Mehrsheed 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel der Medizinischen Trainingstherapie bei Osteoporose und
Wirbelkörperfrakturen besteht darin, die Rückenmuskulatur zur Verbesserung einer
aufrechten Körperhaltung zu kräftigen. Deshalb sollte ein spezifisches
Trainingsprogramm entsprechend den individuellen Fähigkeiten der Patienten
zuerst im Sitzen begonnen werden, um dann mit zunehmendem Kraftzuwachs auf das
Stehen überzugehen. Mit abnehmender Brüchigkeit und zunehmender Stabilität kann
dann auch ein isometrisches Krafttraining für die Rückenmuskulatur begonnen
werden. Durch ein derartiges Training konnte im Rahmen einer prospektiven
randomisierten Studie bei peri- oder unmittelbar postmenopausalen Frauen bei
zunehmender Kraft der Rückenmuskulatur das spätere Auftreten von
Wirbelkörperfrakturen um etwa zwei Drittel gesenkt werden. Zusätzlich können
durch das „SPEED-Programm“ signifikante Verbesserungen von Rückenschmerzen,
Kyphose, Sturzrisiko und Leistungsfähigkeit im Alltag erreicht werden. Dabei
handelt es sich um ein dynamisches, propriozeptives Training zur Kräftigung der
Rückenextensoren. Hierzu wird das „Posture Training Support“ (PTS) eingesetzt.
Diese Unterstützung besteht aus einem, je nach Trainingszustand, unterschiedlich
schweren Rucksack, der zu einer Abnahme von Rundrücken und Schmerzen führen
kann, wie sie durch Wirbelkörperkompressionsfrakturen entstanden sind. Durch die
verbesserte Aufrichtung wird dann auch ein Reiben von Rippen auf den
Beckenkämmen, was in extremen Fällen durchaus auftreten kann, vermieden.Insgesamt sollte die medizinische Trainingstherapie zu einer Zunahme an
Muskelkraft führen, ohne die Wirbelsäule durch zusätzliche Kräfte zu sehr zu
belasten. Dadurch gelingt es dann auch, Stürzen und Frakturen vorzubeugen.
Ähnlich wie bei der medikamentösen Behandlung sollte auch die Bewegungstherapie
individuell dosiert werden.Im Rahmen der Rehabilitation können flexible, semi-rigide Rückenorthesen an die
individuelle Form der Wirbelsäule angepasst werden. Über einen sogenannten
„Biofeedback-Mechanismus“ kann ebenfalls eine Kraftzunahme im Bereich der
Rumpfmuskulatur bei vorhandenen Wirbelkörperfrakturen erreicht werden.
Vermutlich über eine Schmerzreduktion ist eine erhöhte Leistungsfähigkeit im
Alltag erreichbar. Klinische Studien zeigen, dass im Verlauf einer Tragezeit von
6 bis 12 Monaten durch eine Kräftigung der Rückenstrecker eine aufrechtere
Haltung mit verbessertem Standgleichgewicht erzielbar ist. Möglicherweise kann
hierdurch auch eine Verringerung der Sturz- und Frakturrate erreicht werden.
Risk Adjusting Health Care Provider Collaboration Networks
Authors: Chandler Ariel E. , Mutharasan R. Kannan , Amelia Lia , Carson Matthew B. , Scholtens Denise M. , Soulakis Nicholas D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives The quality of hospital discharge care and patient factors (health and sociodemographic) impact the rates of unplanned readmissions. This study aims to measure the effects of controlling for the patient factors when using readmission rates to quantify the weighted edges between health care providers in a collaboration network. This improved understanding may inform strategies to reduce hospital readmissions, and facilitate quality-improvement initiatives.
Methods We extracted 4 years of patient, provider, and activity data related to cardiology discharge workflow. A Weibull model was developed to predict the risk of unplanned 30-day readmission. A provider–patient bipartite network was used to connect providers by shared patient encounters. We built collaboration networks and calculated the Shared Positive Outcome Ratio (SPOR) to quantify the relationship between providers by the relative rate of patient outcomes, using both risk-adjusted readmission rates and unadjusted readmission rates. The effect of risk adjustment on the calculation of the SPOR metric was quantified using a permutation test and descriptive statistics.
Results Comparing the collaboration networks consisting of 2,359 provider pairs, we found that SPOR values with risk-adjusted outcomes are significantly different than unadjusted readmission as an outcome measure (p-value = 0.025). The two networks classified the same provider pairs as high-scoring 51.5% of the time, and the same low scoring provider pairs 85.6% of the time. The observed differences in patient demographics and disease characteristics between high-scoring and low-scoring provider pairs were reduced by applying the risk-adjusted model. The risk-adjusted model reduced the average variation across each individual's SPOR scored provider connections.
Conclusions Risk adjusting unplanned readmission in a collaboration network has an effect on SPOR-weighted edges, especially on classifying high-scoring SPOR provider pairs. The risk-adjusted model reduces the variance of providers' connections and balances shared patient characteristics between low- and high-scoring provider pairs. This indicates that the risk-adjusted SPOR edges better measure the impact of collaboration on readmissions by accounting for patients' risk of readmission.
New Onset Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage Following Infant Feeding Tube-Guided Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Khandelwal Ankur , Singh Gyaninder P. , Garg Mayank , Chaturvedi Arvind 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions and is usually treated by simple burr-hole drainage. Prognosis is usually good unless complications occur. Use of infant feeding tube (IFT) for irrigation of hematoma in case of CSDH with septum is a common practice. However, it poses a significant risk. We present two cases of intraparenchymal hemorrhage as a complication of CSDH evacuation in which IFT was used for irrigation.