bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bimetallic Rhodium(II)/Indium(III) Relay Catalysis for Tandem Insertion/Asymmetric Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Chen Yushuang , Dong Shunxi , Xu Xi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe first example of catalytic insertion/asymmetric Claisen rearrangement tandem reaction of N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with allyl alcohol esters was achieved by bimetallic relay catalytic systems involving achiral rhodium salt and chiral N,N′‐dioxide–indium(III) complex. This manifold could overcome the limitation of single RhII catalysis, providing a straight and facile route to various enantioenriched β/γ‐amino acid derivatives in high yields (up to 99 %) with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >95:5 dr, 98:2 er). Moreover, possible transition state models were proposed to elucidate the origin of chiral induction based on the control experiments and X‐ray crystal structure of the catalyst.
Creating Elastic Organic Crystals of π‐Conjugated Molecules with Bending Mechanofluorochromism and Flexible Optical Waveguide
Authors: Hayashi Shotaro , Yamamoto Shun‐ya , Takeuchi Daisuke , Ie Yutaka , Takagi Koji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo create low band‐gap, fluorescent, and elastic organic crystal emitters, we focused on an extended π‐conjugated system based on: a) a planar conformation,b) a rigid structure, and c) controlled intermolecular interactions. Herein, we report on two fluorescent and highly flexible organic crystals (1 and 2) which could bend under an applied stress. The bent crystals rapidly recover their straight shape upon release of the stress. Crystal 1 with a tetrafluoropyridyl terminal unit and a lower band‐gap energy (orange emission, λem=573 nm, ΦF=0.50), showed no bending mechanofluorochromism and had superior performance as an optical waveguide with reddish orange emission. The waveguide performance of the crystal did not decrease under bending stress. For crystal 2 with a pentafluorophenyl terminal unit (green emission, λem=500 nm, ΦF=0.38), the original waveguide performance decreased under an applied bending stress; however, this crystal showed a unique bending mechanofluorochromism.
Regulating Cofactor Balance In Vivo with a Synthetic Flavin Analogue
Authors: Tan Zhuotao , Zhu Chenjie , Fu Jingwen , Zhang Xiaowang , Li Ming , Zhuang Wei , Ying Hanjie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel strategy to regulate cofactor balance in vivo for whole‐cell biotransformation using a synthetic flavin analogue is reported. High efficiency, easy operation, and good applicability were observed for this system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to verify that the synthetic flavin analogue can directly permeate into Escherichia coli cells without modifying the cell membrane. This work provides a promising intracellular redox regulatory approach to construct more efficient cell factories.
Peptide Synthesis Utilizing Micro‐flow Technology
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Otake Yuma , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPeptide drugs have garnered much attention in recent years. However, conventional peptide synthesis requires an excess amount of expensive reagents of low atom economy, and the large amount of waste produced by these reagents complicates the purification of desired peptides. Solid‐phase approaches simplify the purification of these peptides, but these require expensive solid‐phase, excess amounts of reagents, substrates, and solvents. This makes it important to develop high‐yielding, cost‐effective, and less wasteful synthetic approaches. Micro‐flow technology (reaction space ≤1 mm) has produced many advantages over conventional batch synthesis. The advantages include precise control of short reaction time and temperature, high levels of light penetration efficiency, lowered risks of handling dangerous compounds, and ready scale‐up with high reproducibility. Micro‐flow peptide syntheses using these advantages have been reported in recent years. This review summarizes the solid‐phase and solution‐phase syntheses of α‐ and β‐peptides and of cyclic peptides using micro‐flow technology.
Coumarin Triazabutadienes for Fluorescent Labeling of Proteins
Authors: Shadmehr Mehrdad , Davis Garrett J. , Mehari Bereketab T. , Jensen Stephanie M. , Jewett John C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe use of small‐molecule fluorophores to label proteins with minimal perturbation in response to an external stimulus is a powerful tool to probe chemical and biochemical environments. Herein, we describe the use of a coumarin‐modified triazabutadiene that can deliver aryl diazonium ions to fluorescently label proteins by tyrosine‐selective modification. The labeling can be triggered by low‐pH‐induced liberation of the diazonium species, thus making the fluorophore especially useful in labeling biochemical surroundings such as those found within the late endosome. Additionally, we show that a variety of coumarin triazabutadienes might also be prone to releasing their diazonium cargo after irradiation with UV light.
Clinical outcomes in unselected patients treated with the PROMUS Element platinum‐chromium, everolimus‐eluting stent: Final five‐year results from the PE PROVE Study
Authors: Moreno Raul , Legrand Victor , Ferrario Maurizio , MacCarthy Philip , Redwood Simon , Werner Nikos , Jung Werner , Ungi Imre , Zaman Azfar , Richardt Gert , Crowley James , Schwimmbeck Peter , Christen Thomas , Allocco Dominic J. , Meredith Ian T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this analysis was to evaluate the final 5‐year safety and effectiveness of the PROMUS Element platinum‐chromium everolimus‐eluting stent in unselected patients treated in routine clinical practice.BackgroundThe prospective, open‐label PROMUS Element™ European Post‐Approval Surveillance Study (PE‐PROVE) enrolled 1,010 “real‐world” patients who received the PROMUS Element stent. Adverse event rates were low at 1‐year, and the incidence of stent thrombosis was 0.6%.MethodsThe primary endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF; overall and PE stent‐related), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) related to the target vessel, or target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 1‐year post‐implantation. Five‐year clinical outcomes were evaluated in overall as well as high‐risk patient subgroups.ResultsThe overall 5‐year TVF rate was 14.9%, with 7.0% being related to the study stent. Cardiac death, MI and TVR related to the study stent occurred in 0.5%, 3.2%, and 5.7%, respectively. Stent thrombosis through 5‐year follow‐up was 1.0%. The rates of overall and study stent related TVF were numerically higher in patients with medically treated diabetes, long lesions (≥28 mm), and small diameter vessels (≤2.5 mm) compared to the overall study population. Additionally, favorable stent thrombosis rates through 5 years were reported for the PROMUS Element stent in these high‐risk subgroups.ConclusionsThe final 5‐year data from the PE‐PROVE study demonstrate favorable outcomes and low rates of adverse events with the PE stent when used in “real‐world” patients with coronary artery disease.
Counterpulsation requires pulsation: IABP use in patients with heart failure without acute MI
Authors: Kapur Navin K. , Hirst Colin S. 
Published: October 2018

Key Points

Limited data exploring the utility of IABPs in shock without acute myocardial infarction exist.
Counterpulsation pumps depend on native LV contractile function.
Hemodynamic monitoring with a pulmonary artery catheter should help guide management of the cardiogenic shock patient.
More studies are required to identify the optimal patient population and hemodynamic parameters best suited for IABP therapy.
Waiting for Godot: Anticipating answers on embolic protection unlikely to arrive
Authors: Anouti Khalil , Gray William A. 
Published: October 2018

Key Points

For symptomatic and asymptomatic patient with high or intermediate risk of CEA complications, CAS with the use of EPDs has a very low rate of in‐hospital stroke and death
There is no statistically significant difference in ipsilateral stroke/TIA and any stroke/TIA between the different device platforms
Further efforts to assess differences between EPD devices would likely need to involve a surrogate endpoint due to the very low rates of clinical events
Bioresorbable vascular scaffold for the treatment of coronary in‐stent restenosis: New dawn or frost on snow?
Authors: Ge Junbo 
Published: October 2018

Key Points
BVS might be non‐inferiority compared to DES or DEB in ISR treatment in terms of 1‐year DOCE.
BVS, especially thinner‐strut stent may be an attractive alternative in ISR setting.
Large prospective randomized trials are needed to provide convince evidences to direct clinical practice in the future.
TAVR and SAVR in ESRD: Just because we can doesn't necessarily mean that we should
Authors: Hensey Mark , Webb John G. 
Published: October 2018

Key Points
In patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis, TAVR resulted in reduced length of stay, hospitalization cost, complication rate and higher rates of home discharge compared to SAVR.
In‐hospital mortality and complication rates were high in both groups.
Careful patient selection and further research is required to identify patients with end‐stage renal disease who might, or might not, benefit from intervention.
Are all P2Y12 equally effective in vein graft angioplasty? A report from the UK database
Authors: Berladi Jorge , Lamelas Pablo M. 
Published: October 2018

Key Points
Information of P2Y12 inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes with vein graft angioplasty is limited.
This new analysis from the UK database was not able to find significant differences between Clopidogrel, Prasugrel and Ticagrelor.
Large trials would be needed to reliably confirm the best antiplatelet regimen in this setting.
Relative importance of attribute preferences for radial vs. femoral arterial access: A crowdsourcing study of healthy online‐recruited volunteers
Authors: Ross Jason , Vidovich Mladen I. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is typically performed with vascular access provided by the radial or femoral artery. However, little is known about how patients value aspects of these different vascular access approaches.Methods: Conjoint analysis is a survey‐based statistical technique used in market research that helps determine how individuals value different attributes that make up a particular product or services. We utilized conjoint analysis to assess the relative importance of four attributes associated with PCI: access site, risk of bleeding, hospital stay, and radiation exposure. Participants were healthy individuals recruited by Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTURK). After completing a conjoint analysis survey, the software Conjoint.ly was used to calculate the relative importance for these four different attributes of PCI.Results: The relative importance of hospital stay, radiation exposure, bleeding risk, and procedure site was 32.7% (95% CI 29.5–35.8), 27.3% (95% CI 24.8–29.8), 24.4% (95% CI 22.3–26.5), and 15.7% (95% CI 13.6–17.8), respectively. The difference between these groups was statistically significant (P‐value < 0.00001). The difference between duration of hospital stay and radiation exposure was statistically significant (P‐value < 0.00433).Conclusion: Patients undergoing PCI place largest relative value on duration of hospital stay. Access site appears the least valued attribute. These findings carry implications to guide further research on access site choices and the consent process in the context of shared decision‐making.
A Hexanuclear Niobium Cluster Compound With Intra‐Cluster Chelate Ligands: [Nb6(OC2H4NH2)12]I3
Authors: Weiß Daniel Holger , Köckerling Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrom the reaction of [Nb6I11] with 2‐aminoethanol in pyridine the cluster compound [Nb6(OC2H4NH2)12]I3 has been obtained and the single‐crystal X‐ray structure determined. It represents the first example of a group VB metal cluster compound with hexanuclear, octahedral metal atom core, which carries intra‐cluster chelate ligands. With the formation of this unprecedented cluster cation we report for the first time a transformation of a 6–8 to a 6–12 type cluster unit. The formation of the cluster cation goes along with a one‐electron oxidation of the cluster starting material. Furthermore, it adds a second entry to the so far very small group of M6 cluster compounds with organic ligands on the inner cluster sites.
Hydrogen Atom Transfer‐Mediated Cyclisations of Nitriles
Authors: Turner Oliver J. , Murphy John A. , Hirst David J. , Talbot Eric P. A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHydrogen atom transfer‐mediated intramolecular C−C coupling reactions between alkenes and nitriles, using PhSiH3 and catalytic Fe(acac)3, are described. This introduces a new strategic bond disconnection for ring‐closing reactions, forming ketones via imine intermediates. Of note is the scope of the reaction, including formation of sterically hindered ketones, spirocycles and fused cyclic systems.
Monitoring the behaviour of anionic polymer‐anionic surfactant stabilized foam in the absence and presence of oil: Bulk and bubble‐scale experimental analyses
Authors: Veyskarami Maziar , Hossein Ghazanfari Mohammad , Shafiei Yousef 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present study aims at monitoring the bulk and bubble‐scale behaviour of anionic polyacrylamide‐sodium dodecyl sulphate stabilized foam in the absence and presence of oil. Dynamic stability tests provided results indicating that polymer increases the foam dynamic stability and decreases the drainage. Oil slows down the drainage rate of polymer‐surfactant foam. In the absence of oil, foam is drained gradually/smoothly whereas remarkable fluctuations are evident in drainage graphs when oil is present. The Hele‐Shaw cell was employed to conduct bubble‐scale as well as statistical analyses on how foam texture is influenced by a polymer‐surfactant system and hydrocarbon. Bubble‐scale analyses, taken right after foam generation in the absence of oil, revealed that foam bubble sizes and their standard deviation increase by polymer concentration. The coefficient of variation of foam bubble sizes drops with polymer concentration in the absence/presence of oil, meaning the growth of foam texture uniformity. Oil increases the bubble size diversity in the foam texture. Disproportionation/Ostwald ripening is hindered by increasing the foam bubble distribution uniformity by adding polymer to the foaming solution. At polymer concentrations higher than 13 × 10−4 g/g, a polymer‐surfactant mixture generates foam in the presence of oil as stable as foam in the absence of oil, while at the polymer concentrations lower than 7 × 10−4 g/g, bubbles are highly unstable when oil is present. Results of this study help to gain a better understanding about the extent to which polymer could enhance the foam stability in bulk/bubble‐scale, which might be applicable for enhanced oil recovery operations.
Cognitive–behavioral therapy for Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Stevens Matthew W.R. , King Daniel L. , Dorstyn Diana , Delfabbro Paul H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is sufficient research and clinical evidence to support the inclusion of gaming disorder in the latest revision of the International Classification of Diseases, relatively little is known about the effectiveness of first‐line psychological treatment for gaming disorder or internet gaming disorder (IGD) as it is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. This systematic review employed meta‐analytic techniques to determine the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for IGD on four key outcomes: IGD symptoms, anxiety, depression, and time spent gaming.MethodA database search identified 12 independent CBT studies. Effect size estimates (Hedges' g) with associated confidence intervals, prediction intervals, and p values for each pre–post treatment outcome, were calculated. Study reporting quality was evaluated in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. Subgroup and moderator analyses were undertaken to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsCBT demonstrated high efficacy in reducing IGD symptoms (g = 0.92; [0.50, 1.34]) and depression (g = 0.80, [0.21, 1.38]), and showed moderate efficacy in reducing anxiety (g = 0.55, [0.17, 0.93]) at post‐test. There was insufficient power to determine whether CBT was capable of reducing time spent gaming. Treatment gains at follow‐up were nonsignificant across the four treatment outcomes.ConclusionsThe pooled findings suggest that CBT for IGD is an effective short‐term intervention for reducing IGD and depressive symptoms. However, the effectiveness of CBT for reducing actual time spent gaming was unclear. Given the limitations of this evidence base, there is a need for more rigorous studies to determine the potential long‐term benefits of CBT for IGD.Public Health Significance StatementGiven the rise in treatment demand for internet gaming disorder (IGD) and problematic gaming, it is necessary to determine which treatments are most effective for whom and under which conditions. This review shows that cognitive‐behavioural therapy for IGD, which is often considered the first‐line therapy, can improve IGD symptoms and comorbid depression. However, treatment gains tend to be short‐term and their effect in reducing time spent gaming is unclear. Programs that target problematic gaming may be improved by additional support beyond the standard program of therapy sessions. More funding and resources are needed to support the development of a more rigorous evidence base on IGD and its treatment.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) water tank model for the investigation of drug metabolism: Progress, outlook, and challenges
Authors: Sardela Vinicius Figueiredo , Anselmo Carina de Souza , Nunes Isabelle Karine da Costa , Carneiro Gabriel Reis Alves , dos Santos Gustavo Ramalho Cardoso , de Carvalho Aline Reis , Labanca Bruna de Jesus , Silva Oliveira Daniely , Ribeiro William Dias , de Araujo Amanda Lessa Dutra , Padilha Monica Costa , de Lima Cleverton Kleiton Freitas , de Sousa Valeria Pereira , de Aquino Neto Francisco Radler , Gualberto Pereira Henrique Marcelo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractZebrafish (Danio rerio) water tank (ZWT) approach was investigated as an alternative model for metabolism studies based on six different experiments with four model compounds. Sibutramine was applied for the multivariate optimization of ZWT conditions, also for the comparison of the metabolism among ZWT, humans and mice, beyond for the role of CYP2B6 in ZWT. After the optimization, 18 fish and 168 hours of experiments is the minimum requirement for a relevant panel of biotransformation products. A comparison among the species resulted in the observation of the same hydroxylated metabolites, with differences in metabolites concentration ratio. However, the ZWT allowed tuning of the conditions to obtain a specific metabolic profile, depending on the need. In addition, by utilizing CYP2B6 inhibition, a relevant ZWT pathway for the demethylation of drugs was determined. The stereospecificity of the ZWT metabolism was investigated using selegiline and no racemization or inversion transformations were observed. Moreover, the investigation of metabolism of cannabimimetics was performed using JWH‐073 and the metabolites observed are the same described for humans, except for the hydroxylation at the indol group, which was explained by the absence of CYP2C9 orthologs in zebrafish. Finally, hexarelin was used as a model to evaluate studies by ZWT for drugs with low stability. As a result, hexarelin displays a very fast metabolization in ZWT conditions and all the metabolites described for human were observed in ZWT. Therefore, the appropriate conditions, merits, and relevant limitations to conduct ZWT experiments for the investigation of drug metabolism are described.
The impact of parameter uncertainty in insurance pricing and reserve with the temperature‐related mortality model
Authors: Seklecka Malgorzata , Pantelous Athanasios A. , O'Hare Colin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChanges in mortality rates have an impact on the life insurance industry, the financial sector (as a significant proportion of the financial markets is driven by pension funds), governmental agencies, and decision makers and policymakers. Thus the pricing of financial, pension and insurance products that are contingent upon survival or death and which is related to the accuracy of central mortality rates is of key importance. Recently, a temperature‐related mortality (TRM) model was proposed by Seklecka et al. (Journal of Forecasting, 2017,36(7), 824–841), and it has shown evidence of outperformance compared with the Lee and Carter (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992,87, 659–671) model and several others of its extensions, when mortality‐experience data from the UK are used. There is a need for awareness, when fitting the TRM model, of model risk when assessing longevity‐related liabilities, especially when pricing long‐term annuities and pensions. In this paper, the impact of uncertainty on the various parameters involved in the model is examined. We demonstrate a number of ways to quantify model risk in the estimation of the temperature‐related parameters, the choice of the forecasting methodology, the structures of actuarial products chosen (e.g., annuity, endowment and life insurance), and the actuarial reserve. Finally, several tables and figures illustrate the main findings of this paper.
Prenatal exposure to valproate induces sex‐, age‐, and tissue‐dependent alterations of cholesterol metabolism: Potential implications on autism
Authors: Cartocci Veronica , Tonini Claudia , Di Pippo Tiziana , Vuono Florenzia , Schiavi Sara , Marino Maria , Trezza Viviana , Pallottini Valentina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHere, we investigated the protein network regulating cholesterol metabolism in the liver and brain of adolescent and adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to valproate (VPA), a well validated experimental model of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We were aimed at studying whether prenatal VPA exposure affected the proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis in a sex‐dependent manner. To this aim the protein network of cholesterol metabolism, in term of synthesis and plasma membrane trafficking, was analyzed by western blot in the liver and different brain areas (amygdala, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum) of adolescent and adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to VPA. Our results show that physiological sex‐dependent differences are present both in the liver and in brain of rats. Interestingly, VPA affects specifically the brain in an age‐ and region‐specific manner; indeed, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens are affected in a sex‐dependent way, while this does not occur in amygdala and dorsal striatum. Overall, we demonstrate that each brain area responds differently to the same external stimulus and males and females respond in a different way, suggesting that this could be related to the diverse incidences, between the sexes, of some neurodevelopmental pathologies such as autism, which displays a 3:1 male to female ratio.