bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ClpB mutants of Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica and tularensis are defective for type VI secretion and intracellular replication
Authors: Alam Athar , Golovliov Igor , Javed Eram , Sjöstedt Anders 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFrancisella tularensis, a highly infectious, intracellular bacterium possesses an atypical type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is essential for the virulence of the bacterium. Recent data suggest that the HSP100 family member, ClpB, is involved in T6SS disassembly in the subspecies Francisella novicida. Here, we investigated the role of ClpB for the function of the T6SS and for phenotypic characteristics of the human pathogenic subspecies holarctica and tularensis. The ∆clpB mutants of the human live vaccine strain, LVS, belonging to subspecies holarctica, and the highly virulent SCHU S4 strain, belonging to subspecies tularensis, both showed extreme susceptibility to heat shock and low pH, severely impaired type VI secretion (T6S), and significant, but impaired intracellular replication compared to the wild-type strains. Moreover, they showed essentially intact phagosomal escape. Infection of mice demonstrated that both ΔclpB mutants were highly attenuated, but the SCHU S4 mutant showed more effective replication than the LVS strain. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ClpB performs multiple functions in the F. tularensis subspecies holarctica and tularensis and its function is important for T6S, intracellular replication, and virulence.
Mechanical Metrics of the Proximal Tibia are Precise and Differentiate Osteoarthritic and Normal Knees: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Arjmand Hanieh , Nazemi Majid , Kontulainen Saija A. , McLennan Christine E. , Hunter David J. , Wilson David R. , Johnston James D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOur objective was to identify precise mechanical metrics of the proximal tibia which differentiated OA and normal knees. We developed subject-specific FE models for 14 participants (7 OA, 7 normal) who were imaged three times each for assessing precision (repeatability). We assessed various mechanical metrics (minimum principal and von Mises stress and strain as well as structural stiffness) across the proximal tibia for each subject. In vivo precision of these mechanical metrics was assessed using CV%RMS. We performed parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses and determined Cohen’s d effect sizes to explore differences between OA and normal knees. For all FE-based mechanical metrics, average CV%RMS was less than 6%. Minimum principal stress was, on average, 75% higher in OA versus normal knees while minimum principal strain values did not differ. No difference was observed in structural stiffness. FE modeling could precisely quantify and differentiate mechanical metrics variations in normal and OA knees, in vivo. This study suggests that bone stress patterns may be important for understanding OA pathogenesis at the knee.
Alles nur Import? Thailändische Phytotherapie und ihre Einbettung in die Traditionelle Thailändische Medizin (TTM)
Authors: Burri Josef 
Published: July 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTraditionelle Thailändische Medizin ist mehr als eine Mixtur aus Ayurveda und Traditioneller Chinesischer Medizin. Sie nahm zwar zahlreiche Einflüsse aus dem asiatischen Raum auf, verarbeitete sie aber im Verlauf einer rund 2000-jährigen Geschichte zu einem eigenständigen und höchst originellen Medizinsystem mit präventiven und therapeutischen Einsatzbereichen. Massage und Meditation sind die meist verbreiteten Disziplinen. Weit weniger bekannt außerhalb Thailands sind hingegen die Phytotherapie, die Geburtshilfe und die Ernährungslehre. Seit den 1990er-Jahren werden große Anstrengungen unternommen, um das traditionelle Heilwissen zu dokumentieren, zu lehren und weiterzuentwickeln.
Der ärztliche Sachverständige im Arzthaftungsprozess: Was hat sich seit Inkrafttreten des Patientenrechtegesetzes geändert?
Authors: Hofmann Werner , Zobel Astrid 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungMit dem Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Rechte von Patientinnen und Patienten (Patientenrechtegesetz) wurden im Februar 2013 eine ganze Reihe gesetzlicher Neuregelungen für unterschiedliche Geltungsbereiche des Gesundheitswesens in Kraft gesetzt. Für die Arzthaftung brachte das Patientenrechtegesetz mit der Einführung der Paragraphen 630a–h in das Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch (BGB) eine auf Transparenz ausgerichtete Darstellung allgemeiner vertragstypischer Aspekte, eine zusammenfassende gesetzliche Regelung der Patientenaufklärung und -einwilligung, die Normierung der Behandlungsdokumentation und eine neue Grundlage für die Einsichtsrechte in die Behandlungsakte. Dabei wurden die im Rahmen höchstrichterlicher Rechtsprechung entwickelten Besonderheiten des Behandlungsvertrags in Gesetzesform überführt und die aus der gefestigten Rechtsprechung bekannten, unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen für den Patienten als günstig anzunehmenden Tatsachenvermutungen als Ausnahmen vom Prinzip der objektiven Beweislast abschließend zusammengefasst. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Regelungen der neuen Paragraphen 630a–h im BGB vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf die vom ärztlichen Sachverständigen im Arzthaftungsprozess zu berücksichtigenden Konsequenzen untersucht.
The Efficacy of Saffron in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Tóth Barbara , Hegyi Péter , Lantos Tamás , Szakács Zsolt , Kerémi Beáta , Varga Gábor , Tenk Judit , Pétervári Erika , Balaskó Márta , Rumbus Zoltán , Rakonczay Zoltán , Bálint Emese , Kiss Tivadar , Csupor Dezső 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerbal products, especially Hypericum perforatum extracts, have been widely used as first-line treatments for mild to moderate depression. Recently, several randomized, controlled clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of another plant, saffron (Crocus sativus), in mild to moderate depression. We have carried out a literature review of currently available published randomized, controlled clinical trials to give an up-to-date evaluation of the efficacy of saffron in mild to moderate depression, compared to placebo or routinely used antidepressants. The meta-analysis is reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the PICO (patients, intervention, comparison, outcome) format and was conducted using the statistical programs Comprehensive Meta-analysis and RevMan. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies. Only placebo or active controlled, randomized clinical studies involving patients suffering from mild to moderate depression and using pharmacological doses of saffron per os were included. Hedgesʼ g was used to calculate effect sizes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and heterogeneity was tested by both performing the Cochranʼs Q test and calculating Higginsʼ I2
indicator. Eleven randomized trials were included in the qualitative analysis, and nine were pooled for statistical analysis. According to the present meta-analysis, saffron has a significant effect on the severity of depression. Available data from randomized, controlled clinical trials support that saffron is significantly more effective than placebo (g = 0.891; 95% CI: 0.369 – 1.412, p = 0.001), and non-inferior to tested antidepressant drugs (g = − 0.246; 95% CI: − 0.495 – 0.004, p = 0.053).
Long-term Results for the BacJac Interspinous Device in Lumbar Spine Degenerative Disease
Authors: Spallone Aldo , Lavorato Luigi , Belvisi Daniele 
Published: July 2018

Objective To evaluate the long-term results of using the BacJac interspinous device (Pioneer Surgical Technology Inc.) in a series of patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease.
Methods Forty-one patients undergoing lumbar surgery with implantation of a BacJac device from 2009 to 2012 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Scale (ODI).
Results Although all patients showed a significant improvement of the ODI score immediately after surgery, only 41% of patients showed a satisfactory outcome. We observed worse results in the patients operated on at the L3–L4 level and in whom the device was implanted in a segment different from the one where surgical decompression had been performed. Weight gain in the months after surgery was also a poor outcome-influencing factor.
Conclusions This study confirms what is already suggested in the relevant literature regarding the long-term inefficacy of the so-called dynamic stabilization devices.
Antithrombotic and Bleeding Effects of a New Synthetic Direct Thrombin Inhibitor and of Standard Heparin in the Rabbit
Authors: Cadroy Y , Caranobe C , Bernat A , Maffrand J P , Sié P , Boneu B 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study reports on (he anticoagulant, antithrombotic and bleeding effects of a new synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor (SDTI) in comparison with standard heparin (SH). The anticoagulant effect was determined with the thrombin clotting time (TCI) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). SDTI was more potent than SII in prolonging the TCT, but as potent as SH in prolonging the APTT. The antithrombotic effect was determined using a modified Wessler model in the rabbit, either 30 min after a continuous IV infusion of increasing doses or at various times after a single SC injection (20 mg/kg). After continuous IV infusion of 187 μg/kg/h of SDTI and of 60 μg/kg/h of SH, significant thrombus prevention effects were obtained (59 and 57% respectively). Increasing the dose of SDTI up to 3000 μg/kg/h did not significantly impiove the antithrombotic effect. After SC injection, a significant antihrombotic effect was observed for 12 h with SDTI but for more than 24 h with SH. The bleeding effect was studied using the rabbit ear model 15 min after a continuous infusion of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg/h: the amounts of blood loss were dose-dependent and comparable for SDTI and SH. These studies also indicated that SDTI possesses a considerable shorter half-life in comparison with SH. Accordingly, the ex vivoconcentrations generated after continuous IV infusion or SC injection of the same dose were higher for SH than for the SDTI.
Standardization of Factor IX: Standards for "Purified" Factor IX Concentrates
Authors: Lamb M A , Fricke W A , Rastogi S C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn international collaborative study was carried out to determine the suitability of the current WHO II-IX-X concentrate standard, 84/681, for assigning potency to the more highly purified factor IX concentrates. Three Coagulation Factor IX (Human) preparations and one Factor IX Complex preparation were assayed by the one stage method against WHO 84/681 following predilution to 1.0 u/ml in buffer, 1% albumin, or factor IX deficient plasma.There were no cases of non-parallelism between any of the preparations and the current WHO standard. Predilution of the Coagulation Factor IX (Human) preparations in 1% albumin or factor IX deficient plasma gave similar potency values. Predilution in buffer gave significantly lower (p <0.01) potency values. For the Factor IX Complex preparation, potency estimates were significantly different (p <0.01) with each prediluent. The overall precision was similar within each predilution for all preparations with predilution in buffer being less precise than predilution in albumin or in deficient plasma.WHO standard 84/681 appears to be a suitable standard for the potency determination of the more highly purified factor IX preparations. Predilution in 1% albumin or factor IX deficient plasma is recommended as they give equivalent results with the least variability.
Two Mutations of the Factor IX Gene Including a Donor Splice Consensus Deletion and a Point Mutation in a Dutch Patient with Severe Hemophilia B
Authors: Poort S R , Briët E , Bertina R M , Reitsma P H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe abnormal factor IX gene of a patient with severe hemophilia B (hemophilia B Ursem) was selected for study. All of the coding and their flanking regions and parts of the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions of the factor IX gene were amplified from the patient’s genomic DNA by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the PCR products we have identified two mutations in the patient’s factor IX gene, viz. a tetranucleotide deletion (GAGT, nt 6492 to 6495) or (TGAG, nt 6491 to 6494) in the 5′-donor splice site consensus at the exon 2-intron B boundary, and a point mutation at nucleotide 31103 in the catalytic domain (exon 8) of factor IXa, which changes the codon for valine 328 (GTT) to one for isoleucine (ATT). PCR-amplified exon 8 from 45 normal males and 55 normal females had the codon for valine-328. We propose that the deletion within the donor splice-site consensus is the cause of the disease in this individual, whereas the substitution of valine-328 by isoleucine may be a neutral variant which is, at least, very rare in the normal population. In a family study the DNA sequence of the patient’s mother shows both the G to A transition in exon 8 and the 5′-donor splice consensus deletion in intron B in one allele.
Warfarin Effect on Rat Liver Ultrastructure, RNA Content and Polysome Distribution
Authors: Noonan Sharon M. , Lorusso David J. , Barnhart Marion I. , Suttie John W. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHepatic RNA content and distribution, polysome piofiles, and ultrastructure were studied in normal and vitamin K deficient rats following warfarin and/or vitamin Kx stimulation. Cellular RNA content was not influenced by warfarin treatment. The percentage of free ribosomes decreased slightly after warfarin but remained at normal values in vitamin K deficient rats. Polysome profiles from warfarin treated and vitamin K deficient rats were similar to control patterns.The hepatic ultrastructural appearance in normal rats following warfarin treatment revealed the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) as the most responsive intracellular organelle. With increasing warfarin concentration, the RER demonstrated increasing dilatation and morphologic ribosome loss. These changes were reversed by vitamin Kx administration. Nutritional vitamin K deficiency did not significantly alter the ultrastructural picture from normal. These morphologic studies are in agreement with previous studies of hepatic structure in coumarin treated dogs. They also suggest the control of prothrombin synthesis at the intracellular site of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Liquid Posterior Fossa Epidural Hematoma in Pediatric Trauma: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Han Kun , Yin Hongwei , Yao Weicheng , Lan Xiaolei , Bo Yongli , Li Zhaojian 
Published: July 2018

Background Liquid posterior fossa epidural hematoma (LPFEH) following head trauma is uncommon, and very few such cases have been described in the literature. Eight patients with this entity and their treatments are presented here.
Methods We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis of all patients with diagnosed LPFEH over a 3-year period. Collected data included clinical history, laboratory results, treatment, and review of all imaging studies performed.
Results Eight pediatric cases were identified with imaging findings consistent with LPFEH; no adult case was identified. Enlargement of ventricles appeared on computed tomography (CT) in six cases, and secondary epilepsy onset occurred in three cases with severe dilated ventricles. Routine hematologic and coagulation tests failed to disclose anemia or abnormal coagulation in each case. Five patients underwent burr-hole drainage of the hematoma and recovered completely. Conservative therapy was adopted in three patients for small hematomas, and hematoma enlargement was not observed in the follow-up CT scans.
Conclusions LPFEH is a rare subtype of traumatic epidural hematoma specifically recognized in the pediatric population. Minimally invasive burr-hole drainage is a feasible procedure for the patient with evident space-occupying effect. Coagulation dysfunction or low hemoglobin as a possible contributing factor and its role in formation of LPFEH was excluded.
Plasma Heparin And Antithrombin III Response Following Endotracheal Administration Of Heparin
Authors: OBrien P F , Clemenson J , Browse N L 
Published: July 2018

Plasma heparin and antithrombin III (AT III) concentrations were determined using chromogenic peptide substrates in patients undergoing various forms of minor surgery. After anaesthesia, patients were given small volumes of concentrated heparin (25,000 IU/ml) at various doses based on body weight. Administration was by the endotracheal route via a fine cannula by either instillation or insufflation.Calibration curves for low-dose heparin (in the range 0.02 to 0.20 IU/ml) were constructed for each patient using pretreatment platelet free plasma. The total amount of heparin neutralizing activity in each plasma was determined and the observed heparin concentration was adjusted to compensate for the interference caused by heparin neutralizing activity released in vivo.Heparin administered by endotracheal insufflation was more effective than heparin given by instillation in producing satisfactory levels of heparin in the plasma. Peak levels were attained 6 to 24 hours after administration and the effect lasted for several days. By altering the dose, the peak level of heparin could be adjusted in order to achieve a low concentration without affecting the duration of the anticoagulant action.A parallel moderate decrease in the AT III level was observed within 6 to 24 hours of administration, with recovery toward the pre-treatment level beginning by 48 hours.Endotracheal insufflation of heparin provides a convenient method of obtaining a prolonged effect at levels low enough to avoid bleeding, yet sufficient to prevent thromboembolic complications following various surgical procedures. Since the anticoagulant effect lasts for at least several days, this method provides an attractive alternative to 8 or 12 hourly subcutaneous injections of heparin.
Experimental DIC Developed In Dogs With Pulmonary And Renal Involvement Induced By Oleic Acid And Anti-Lung Antibody
Authors: Abe T , Nakamura K , Kazama M , Kinoshita T , Matsuda J , Kobayashi K 
Published: July 2018

In order to have pathogenetic comprehension on the causal relationship between shock state and development of DIC, the following experiments were carried out and compared with the clinical and laboratory findings in human cases with pulmonary and/or renal diseases. An ordinary shock state was invited in dogs by means of exsanguination, depressing mean blood pressure down to 70mmHg and sustaining it for one hour, but almost no changes were realized in coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters including platelet count and functions of blood as well as the heart rate and cardiac index of animals.The additional injection of a rather small amount of thromboplastin, however, caused typical hematological changes of DIC and demonstrable disturbance of pulmonary-cardiac (p-c) functions which were restored spontaneously. Repeated injections of oleic acid introduced significant histological changes in the lung and kidney of dogs, but only slight shifts were proved in hematological findings and p-c functions and not so much modification of them was noticed even under the exsanguination shock state. The additional injection of thromboplastin, however, showed exaggerated histological and functional changes.The long term injections of anti-lung antibody to dogs introduced a certain kind of histological changes, similar to those of so-called “Goodpasture’s syndrome” in the lung and kidney as well as blood findings like DIC and p-c disturbance, and the simultaneous manipulation of exsanguination and thromboplastin injection promoted those changes more gravely.The same kind of exaggerated reactions in blood findings and p-c functions was encountered in clinical cases with lung and/or kidney disorders and suggested that these damages might play much role in the development of DIC.
Coagulant And Procoagulant Factors In Ascitic Fluid.-About Etiology Of Dic Induced By Ascitic Fluid Infusion
Authors: Ojiro M , Takenoshita M , Nishi M 
Published: July 2018

We have experienced two cases of DIC following infusion of ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity to the vascular system. We have studied the etiology of this DIC. So, FDP, endotoxin, coagulant factors and procoagulant activity were investigated in ascitic fluid of 11 hepatic cirrhosis cases and 15 cancer cases.Method and Result; FDP in ascites were more included than in plasma. Endotoxin were positive in about 60% of ascitic fluid. The coagulant factors were recognized a littile except VUI-factor. Only ascitic fluid ded not clott the fibrinogen and did not affect the platlate aggregation. The procoagulant activities were measured by clotting times which the normal plasma (0.lcc) was added with the ascitic fluid or buffer (0.1cc), after 3 minutes incubation, and then added with 1/40 M Cacl2 (0.1cc).The clotting time was shortened in the ascitic fluid than buffer (buffer 120.7 ± 7.9 sec, Cancer 82 ± 23.8 sec., cirrhosis 91.4 ± 16.5 sec), and both VII and VIII deficient plasma was shortened too, but X dificient plasma was not coagulated. Also FDP and endotoxin did not shorten the clotting time of normal plasma. Experimentally, the ascitic fluid in dog by binding vena cava in ferior and the ascitic fluid in rat by transplantation of tumor cells shortened the clotting time. Conclusion; Coagulant, fibrinolytic and procoagulant factors were existed in ascitic fluid. We think that DIC induced by ascitic fluid are due to this procoagulant factor and this procoagulant factor may be not tissue - thromboplastin only.
The Absolute Requirement Of Platelets During The Induction Phase Of Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Nelson Wm R 
Published: July 2018

This study was conducted to ascertain the role of platelets during the induction phase of intravascular coagulation.E. Coli endotoxin(1mg/kg) (Difo Laboratories, Detroit) was infused into a 10 control and 6 treated dogs. The treated animals had received 4 to 6 daily intramuscular injections of 6 cc. of a goat anti-dog platelet serum until their peripheral platelet counts were less than 10,000 mm3 at which time the experiment was conducted.Control animals had a pre-infusion fibrinogen concentration of 237 mg/100 ml whereas the treated animals had 312 mg/100 ml. The fibrinogen concentration changed in response to the endotoxin according to the following table (numbers are percentage of pre-infusion, asterisks note ps≤0.05).It has been suggested that platelets are not important in the etiology for intravascular coagulation. These investigators have focused upon the accumulation of emboli in the microcirculation and few have monitored the early alterations in coagulation factor concentrations. However in the canine model, the platelet is definitely a pivotal mediator of the coagulopathy experienced during early endotoxemia.
Un nouveau Cas d’Anomalie constitutionnelle et familiale du Fibrinogène sans Diathese hémorragique
Authors: Streiff F , Alexandre P , Vigneron C , Soria J , Soria C , Mester L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA new family with congenital dysfibrinogenemia without bleeding tendency has been discovered in Nancy. Identical laboratory abnormalities were found in the mother and son plasma: prolongation of thrombin and reptilase clotting time.The abnormal fibrinogen affects, only a little, the normal plasma fibrinoformation.The functional characterization of the defect is localized in fibrin monomer aggregation. The release of fibrinopeptides is normal.The abnormal fibrinogen showsa) an alteration in glucidic moiety of the molecule with a high level of sialic acid,b) an disturbance of chromatography on D. E. A. E. cellulose andc) of the electrophoretic mobility.