bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Adult Attachment Dimensions and Patient-Physician Relationship Quality
Authors: McWilliams Lachlan A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPositive associations between attachment insecurity and indicators of poorer patient-physician relationship quality have been found in samples of patients consulting with physicians for a variety of specific medical conditions or needs. The current study was the first to investigate associations between adult attachment characteristics and relationship quality with family physicians. University students (N = 239) completed measures assessing attachment and their relationships with their family physician. Attachment avoidance was associated with poor affective relationship quality and with greater communication difficulties. Attachment anxiety was associated with greater communication difficulties, but was unrelated to affective relationship quality. Those with insecure attachment, particularly those with high levels of avoidance, have poorer relationships with their family physicians than those with more secure attachment.
Estimating development and temperature thresholds of Ephestia kuehniella: toward improving a mass production system
Authors: Pakyari H. , Amir-Maafi M. , Moghadamfar Z. , Zalucki M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), was evaluated at 10, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30 and 32.5°C with no lighting. None successfully completed development at 10 and 32.5°C. The total development time from egg to adult emergence was 164, 140, 98, 76, 61, 62 and 50 days, respectively, at the remaining temperatures. The developmental rate of E. kuehniella was described by the common linear model and six non-linear models. The lower temperature threshold for the immature stages and the thermal constant for E. kuehniella were 9°C and 1111 degree-days (DD) to complete development from egg to newly emerged adult. Non-linear models estimated the lower and upper thermal thresholds (Tmin and Tmax) and optimal temperature (Topt). The values of Tmax calculated by three nonlinear models ranged from 34°C to 46°C; Topt for each stage of development varied from 24 and 31°C, consistent with the temperature (30°C) at which the most rapid development occurred. Information on the threshold temperatures for development and thermal requirements can be utilized to predict E. kuehniella population dynamics and phenology and to evaluate optimal temperature conditions for mass rearing in stored products.
The Role of Teaching in Language Revival and Revitalization Movements
Authors: Shah Sheena , Brenzinger Matthias 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTeaching is the main or even only way to pass on ancestral languages when intergenerational language transmission no longer takes place. The main reason for the interruption of natural language transmission is an increasing weakening of community bonds due to intermarriage, migration, and mobility. The formal or informal teaching of ancestral languages is therefore at the core of language revival and language revitalization movements. The article reviews favorable conditions and supportive factors for the teaching of ancestral languages from different parts of the world, and highlights the important role of dedicated community members in these endeavors.
Combining local knowledge and field surveys to determine status and threats to Timneh Parrots Psittacus timneh in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: LOPES DANIEL C. , MARTIN ROWAN O. , HENRIQUES MOHAMED , MONTEIRO HAMILTON , CARDOSO PAULO , TCHANTCHALAM QUINTINO , PIRES ANTÓNIO J. , REGALLA AISSA , CATRY PAULO 
Published: October 2018

SummaryTimneh ParrotsPsittacus timnehare a threatened species endemic to the moist forests of West Africa. In 2016, they were categorised as ‘Endangered’ on the IUCN Red List, due to suspected rapid population declines driven by habitat loss and heavy trapping for the pet trade. Systematic assessments of the status of populations are lacking for much of their range and addressing this knowledge shortfall has been identified as a priority action. We combined multiple research approaches to investigate the distribution, trends and threats to Timneh Parrots in Guinea Bissau, where the species is restricted to the islands of the Bijagós archipelago and Pecixe. Direct observational surveys were conducted along line transects on 19 islands. A total of 69 groups were observed on eight of these islands, with the majority (78%) seen on just two islands. Forty-two interviews were conducted with local community members on 24 islands. Interviewees reported the species to occur on 20 islands and that populations are generally perceived to have declined in recent decades. Based on these findings and existing data we conclude that Timneh Parrots occur on 22 of the 32 islands considered and estimate the national population in Guinea-Bissau to be in the order of several hundred individuals, with perhaps half of the parrots occurring on the islands of João Vieira and Meio. Investigations into the factors linked to inter-island variation in parrot densities indicate that densities are highest on the islands which are most remote from permanent human settlements. These findings suggest that human activities including habitat modification and trapping have been important in driving population declines in Guinea-Bissau. We consider the implications of these findings for the conservation of Timneh Parrots.
Professional implications of introducing artificial intelligence in healthcare: an evaluation using radiation medicine as a testing ground
Authors: Gillan Caitlin , Milne Emily , Harnett Nicole , Purdie Thomas G. , Jaffray David A. , Hodges Brian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThis study will evaluate radiation medicine professionals’ perceptions of clinical and professional risks and benefits, and the evolving roles and responsibilities with artificial intelligence (AI).MethodsRadiation oncologists (ROs), medical physicists (MPs), treatment planners (TP-RTTs) and treatment delivery radiation therapists (TD-RTTs) at a cancer centre in preliminary stages of implementing an AI-enabled treatment planning system were invited to participate in uniprofessional focus groups. Semi-structured scripts addressed the perceptions of AI, including thoughts regarding changing roles and competencies. Sessions were audiorecorded, transcribed and coded thematically through consensus-building.ResultsA total of 24 participants (four ROs, five MPs, seven TP-RTTs and eight TD-RTTs) were engaged in four focus groups of 58 minutes average duration (range 54–61 minutes). Emergent themes addressed AI’s impact on quality of care, changing professional tasks and changing competency requirements. Time-consuming repetitive tasks such as delineating targets, generating treatment plans and quality assurance were thought conducive to offloading to AI. Outcomes data and adaptive planning would be incorporated into clinical decision-making. Changing workload would necessitate changing skills, prioritising plan evaluation over generation and increasing interprofessional communication. All groups discussed AI reducing the need for TP-RTTs, though displacement was thought more likely than replacement.ConclusionsIt is important to consider how professionals perceive AI to be proactive in informing change, as gains in quality and efficiency will require new workflows, skills and education.
Photonic waveguide to free-space Gaussian beam extreme mode converter
Authors: Kim Sangsik , Westly Daron A. , Roxworthy Brian J. , Li Qing , Yulaev Alexander , Srinivasan Kartik , Aksyuk Vladimir A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntegration of photonic chips with millimeter-scale atomic, micromechanical, chemical, and biological systems can advance science and enable new miniaturized hybrid devices and technology. Optical interaction via small evanescent volumes restricts performance in applications such as gas spectroscopy, and a general ability to photonically access optical fields in large free-space volumes is desired. However, conventional inverse tapers and grating couplers do not directly scale to create wide, high-quality collimated beams for low-loss diffraction-free propagation over many millimeters in free space, necessitating additional bulky collimating optics and expensive alignment. Here, we develop an extreme mode converter, which is a compact planar photonic structure that efficiently couples a 300 nm × 250 nm silicon nitride high-index single-mode waveguide to a well-collimated near surface-normal Gaussian beam with an ≈160 µm waist, which corresponds to an increase in the modal area by a factor of >105. The beam quality is thoroughly characterized, and propagation over 4 mm in free space and coupling back into a single-mode photonic waveguide with low loss via a separate identical mode converter is demonstrated. To achieve low phase error over a beam area that is >100× larger than that of a typical grating coupler, our approach separates the two-dimensional mode expansion into two sequential separately optimized stages, which create a fully expanded and well-collimated Gaussian slab mode before out-coupling it into free space. Developed at 780 nm for integration with chip-scale atomic vapor cell cavities, our design can be adapted for visible, telecommunication, or other wavelengths. The technique can be expanded to more arbitrary phase and intensity control of both large-diameter, free-space optical beams and wide photonic slab modes.
Uncovering the complex genetics of human character
Authors: Zwir Igor , Arnedo Javier , Del-Val Coral , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Konte Bettina , Yang Sarah S. , Romero-Zaliz Rocio , Hintsanen Mirka , Cloninger Kevin M. , Garcia Danilo , Svrakic Dragan M. , Rozsa Sandor , Martinez Maribel , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Giegling Ina , Kähönen Mika , Hernandez-Cuervo Helena , Seppälä Ilkka , Raitoharju Emma , de Erausquin Gabriel A. , Raitakari Olli , Rujescu Dan , Postolache Teodor T. , Sung Joohon , Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa , Lehtimäki Terho , Cloninger C. Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman personality is 30–60% heritable according to twin and adoption studies. Hundreds of genetic variants are expected to influence its complex development, but few have been identified. We used a machine learning method for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover complex genotypic–phenotypic networks and environmental interactions. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) measured the self-regulatory components of personality critical for health (i.e., the character traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified five clusters of people with distinct profiles of character traits regardless of genotype. Third, we found 42 SNP sets that identified 727 gene loci and were significantly associated with one or more of the character profiles. Each character profile was related to different SNP sets with distinct molecular processes and neuronal functions. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of 95% of the 42 SNP sets in healthy Korean and German samples, as well as their associations with character. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected for character in each sample (50 to 58%). We conclude that self-regulatory personality traits are strongly influenced by organized interactions among more than 700 genes despite variable cultures and environments. These gene sets modulate specific molecular processes in brain for intentional goal-setting, self-reflection, empathy, and episodic learning and memory.
Parallel phylogeography of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus
Authors: Kent Alyssa G , Baer Steven E , Mouginot Céline , Huang Jeremy S , Larkin Alyse A , Lomas Michael W , Martiny Adam C 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The globally abundant marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus share many physiological traits but presumably have different evolutionary histories and associated phylogeography. In Prochlorococcus, there is a clear phylogenetic hierarchy of ecotypes, whereas multiple Synechococcus clades have overlapping physiologies and environmental distributions. However, microbial traits are associated with different phylogenetic depths. Using this principle, we reclassified diversity at different phylogenetic levels and compared the phylogeography. We sequenced the genetic diversity of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus from 339 samples across the tropical Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean using a highly variable phylogenetic marker gene (rpoC1). We observed clear parallel niche distributions of ecotypes leading to high Pianka’s Index values driven by distinct shifts at two transition points. The first transition point at 6°N distinguished ecotypes adapted to warm waters but separated by macronutrient content. At 39°N, ecotypes adapted to warm, low macronutrient vs. colder, high macronutrient waters shifted. Finally, we detected parallel vertical and regional single-nucleotide polymorphism microdiversity within clades from both Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, suggesting uniquely adapted populations at very specific depths, as well as between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Overall, this study demonstrates that Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus have shared phylogenetic organization of traits and associated phylogeography.
Dianhydrogalactitol induces replication-dependent DNA damage in tumor cells preferentially resolved by homologous recombination
Authors: Zhai Beibei , Steinø Anne , Bacha Jeffrey , Brown Dennis , Daugaard Mads 
Published: October 2018

Abstract1,2:5,6-Dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) is a bifunctional DNA-targeting agent causing N7-guanine alkylation and inter-strand DNA crosslinks currently in clinical trial for treatment of glioblastoma. While preclinical studies and clinical trials have demonstrated antitumor activity of DAG in a variety of malignancies, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying DAG-induced cytotoxicity is essential for proper clinical qualification. Using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a model system, we show that DAG-induced cytotoxicity materializes when cells enter S phase with unrepaired N7-guanine DNA crosslinks. In S phase, DAG-mediated DNA crosslink lesions translated into replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that subsequently triggered irreversible cell cycle arrest and loss of viability. DAG-treated NSCLC cells attempt to repair the DSBs by homologous recombination (HR) and inhibition of the HR repair pathway sensitized NSCLC cells to DAG-induced DNA damage. Accordingly, our work describes a molecular mechanism behind N7-guanine crosslink-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells and provides a rationale for using DAG analogs to treat HR-deficient tumors.
Exosomal 15-LO2 mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery hypertension in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhang Min , Xin Wei , Ma Cui , Zhang Hongyue , Mao Min , Liu Ying , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhang Lixin , Yu Xiufeng , Li Huajian , Zhu Daling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOur previous studies have shown that 15-LO2/15-HETE induced by hypoxia played an important role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH). However, the transportations of 15-LO2/15-HETE among the cells remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the specific involvement of 15-LO2-containing exosomes in the overproliferation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) induced by hypoxia and the underlying mechanism. In vitro, 15-LO2 was abundantly expressed and enriched in exosomes secreted from hypoxic PAECs, which subsequently activated the STAT3 signaling pathway, resulting in a robust increase in PAECs proliferation. In vivo treatment with the exosomes inhibitor GW4869 protected the pulmonary vascular homeostasis from dysfunctional and abnormal remodeling. Moreover, 15-LO2 was ubiquitinated under hypoxia, and further inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system significantly suppressed PAECs proliferation, suggesting that ubiquitination of 15-LO2 may contribute to its sorting into exosomes. Overall, these findings indicate a previously unrecognized effect of exosomes and the cargo 15-LO2 in pulmonary vascular homeostasis on the pathogenesis of PH.
Selective toxicity of tumor treating fields to melanoma: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Jo Yunhui , Hwang Sang-Gu , Jin Yeung Bae , Sung Jiwon , Jeong Youn Kyoung , Baek Jeong Hwa , Cho Jae-Min , Kim Eun Ho , Yoon Myonggeun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTumor treating fields (TTFs) are a newly developed cancer therapy technology using an alternating electric field that may be a possible candidate for overcoming the limitations of conventional treatment methods currently used in cancer treatment. Although clinical results using TTFs appear promising, concerns regarding side effects must be clarified to demonstrate the effectiveness of this treatment method. To investigate the side effects of TTF treatment, the damage to normal cell lines and normal tissue of a mouse model was compared with the damage to tumor cells and tumors in a mouse model after TTF treatment. No serious damage was found in the normal cells and normal tissues of the mouse model, suggesting that the side effects of TTF treatment may not be serious. Our evidence based on in vitro and in vivo experiments suggests that TTF may cause selective damage to cancer cells, further demonstrating the potential of TTF as an attractive alternative to conventional cancer treatment modalities.
YL064 directly inhibits STAT3 activity to induce apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Wang Yingying , Wu Linlin , Cai Haiyan , Lei Hu , Ma Chun-Min , Yang Li , Xu Hanzhang , Zhu Qi , Yao Zhujun , Wu Yingli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma. And inactivation of STAT3 is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Here we show that the sinomenine derivative YL064 could selectively reduce the cell viability of multiple myeloma cell lines and primary multiple myeloma cells. Moreover, YL064 also induces cell death of myeloma cells in the presence of stromal cells. Western blot analysis showed that YL064 inhibited the constitutive activation and IL-6-induced activation of STAT3, reflected by the decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr705. Consistent with this, YL064 inhibited the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and the expression of STAT3 target genes, such as cyclin D1 and Mcl-1. Using biotin- and FITC-labeled YL064, we found that YL064 could pull-down STAT3 from myeloma cells and colocalized with STAT3, suggesting that YL064 directly targets STAT3. Cellular thermal shift assay further demonstrated the engagement of YL064 to STAT3 in cells. Molecular docking studies indicated that YL064 may interact with STAT3 in its SH2 domain, thereby inhibiting the dimerization of STAT3. Finally, YL064 inhibited the growth of human myeloma xenograft in vivo. Taken together, this study demonstrated that YL064 may be a promising candidate compound for the treatment of multiple myeloma by directly targeting STAT3.
Metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma displays higher mutation rate and tumor heterogeneity than primary tumors
Authors: Gara Sudheer Kumar , Lack Justin , Zhang Lisa , Harris Emerson , Cam Margaret , Kebebew Electron 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality due to metastatic disease. All reported genetic alterations have been in primary ACC, and it is unknown if there is molecular heterogeneity in ACC. Here, we report the genetic changes associated with metastatic ACC compared to primary ACCs and tumor heterogeneity. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 33 metastatic tumors. The overall mutation rate (per megabase) in metastatic tumors was 2.8-fold higher than primary ACC tumor samples. We found tumor heterogeneity among different metastatic sites in ACC and discovered recurrent mutations in several novel genes. We observed 37–57% overlap in genes that are mutated among different metastatic sites within the same patient. We also identified new therapeutic targets in recurrent and metastatic ACC not previously described in primary ACCs.
Meta-analysis of effects of exclusive breastfeeding on infant gut microbiota across populations
Authors: Ho Nhan T. , Li Fan , Lee-Sarwar Kathleen A. , Tun Hein M. , Brown Bryan P. , Pannaraj Pia S. , Bender Jeffrey M. , Azad Meghan B. , Thompson Amanda L. , Weiss Scott T. , Azcarate-Peril M. Andrea , Litonjua Augusto A. , Kozyrskyj Anita L. , Jaspan Heather B. , Aldrovandi Grace M. , Kuhn Louise 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrevious studies on the differences in gut microbiota between exclusively breastfed (EBF) and non-EBF infants have provided highly variable results. Here we perform a meta-analysis of seven microbiome studies (1825 stool samples from 684 infants) to compare the gut microbiota of non-EBF and EBF infants across populations. In the first 6 months of life, gut bacterial diversity, microbiota age, relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and predicted microbial pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism are consistently higher in non-EBF than in EBF infants, whereas relative abundances of pathways related to lipid metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and detoxification are lower. Variation in predicted microbial pathways associated with non-EBF infants is larger among infants born by Caesarian section than among those vaginally delivered. Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced diarrhea-related gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, differences in gut microbiota between EBF and non-EBF infants persist after 6 months of age. Our findings elucidate some mechanisms of short and long-term benefits of exclusive breastfeeding across different populations.
A hippocampal circuit linking dorsal CA2 to ventral CA1 critical for social memory dynamics
Authors: Meira Torcato , Leroy Felix , Buss Eric W. , Oliva Azahara , Park Jung , Siegelbaum Steven A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent results suggest that social memory requires the dorsal hippocampal CA2 region as well as a subset of ventral CA1 neurons. However, it is unclear whether dorsal CA2 and ventral CA1 represent parallel or sequential circuits. Moreover, because evidence implicating CA2 in social memory comes largely from long-term inactivation experiments, the dynamic role of CA2 in social memory remains unclear. Here, we use pharmacogenetics and optogenetics in mice to acutely and reversibly silence dorsal CA2 and its projections to ventral hippocampus. We show that dorsal CA2 activity is critical for encoding, consolidation, and recall phases of social memory. Moreover, dorsal CA2 contributes to social memory by providing strong excitatory input to the same subregion of ventral CA1 that contains the subset of neurons implicated in social memory. Thus, our studies provide new insights into a dorsal CA2 to ventral CA1 circuit whose dynamic activity is necessary for social memory.