bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different diet supplements in the pre- and post-partum period on reproductive performance in the dairy cow
Authors: Gardner N. H. , Reynolds C. K. , Phipps R.H. , Jones A.K. , Beever D.E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe study compared the impact of feeding different energy supplements (barley, molassed sugar beet and fat) prior to calving and the effects of feeding supplemental fat post-partum, on subsequent production and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were assigned to one of two groups, six weeks prior to expected calving date and fed a grass based total mixed ration according to ME requirements for late gestation. Group 1 was supplemented with barley (B) or molassed sugar beet feed (SB) prior to calving and was then given a high starch lactation ration. Group 2 was supplemented with either fat (F) or no supplement (C) pre partum, and was then given a similar lactation ration as Group 1 but supplemented with fat. Lactation rations were fed through to week-20 post partum and the cows were monitored during this period. Milk yield (P<0.002) and milkfat (P<0.02) production were higher and milk protein concentration (P<0.001) was lower in Group 2. The number of days to first rise in progesterone following parturition was greater (P<0.01) in Group 2. Due to the design of the study, effects of prepartum supplementation were only evaluated within each lactation ration group. Conception rate to first service was higher (P<0.001) for B than SB supplemented cows in Group 1 and higher (P<0.02) for F than C supplemented cows in Group 2. Services per conception were lower (P=0.06) for B than SB supplemented cows in Group 1 and lower (P<0.05) for F than C supplemented cows in Group 2. Overall pregnancy rates and days open were not significantly different between the groups. The data shows that pre-partum nutrition had an important role in determining subsequent fertility. Despite having negative effects early post partum, supplementing with fat did not affect overall reproductive performance but it did improve milk production.
First Service Calving Rates In Irish Dairy Herds: Trends From 1991-1996
Authors: O'Farrell KJ , Crilly J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn Ireland, surveys in the 1970's have shown calving rates to first service of 60-69%. Since then genetic merit and milk yield per cow have increased significantly. The objectives of this study were to determine calving rates in Irish dairy herds for the period 1991-1996 and if these had declined over time. Breeding records for 58 Spring calving commercial dairy herds maintained on the computerised DAIRYMIS System were analysed. Inseminations were categorised as either DIY AI (DIY), commercial AI (COM) or Natural Service (NAT). Between 1991 and 1996 there was a significant trend towards DIY (P<0.01) and away from NAT (P<0.01) with no consistent trend in COM usage. In 1991, roughly one third of services were to each of the three service methods but by 1996 DIY accounted for nearly 50% of all services. A subset of 34 herds, which had been present for at least five of the six years between 1991 and 1996, was used in the calving rate analysis. Calving rates to first service for DIY (48.4%) and NAT (46.0%) were not significantly different although both were significantly lower (P<0.001) than those for COM (54.5%). For small (<65), medium (65-128) and large herds (˃128) the respective proportion of services in each category were 22%, 44% and 34%. The respective calving rates of 55.2%, 51.6% and 45.7% declined significantly as herd size increased For all service types, there was a significant (P<0.001) decline in first service calving rate over time. The increased usage of DIY, combined with its lower fertility rates, would appear to be one factor responsible for the reduction in calving rate for 1991-1996 period.
The Impact of Inventory on Tuna Price: An Application of Scaling in the Rotterdam Inverse Demand System
Authors: Chiang Fu-Sung , Lee Jonq-Ying , Brown Mark G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study adopted the scaling approach to examine the impacts of inventories on tuna auction prices in Japan using the Rotterdam inverse demand system. The inclusion of two inventory variables in the model only increases the number of parameters by two. Results indicate that frozen tunas are more likely to be close substitutes, fresh and frozen tunas of the same species are also likely to be substitutes, and inventory had significant impacts on auction prices.
Mules in Southern Agriculture: Revisited
Authors: Garrett Martin A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article provides additional empirical evidence concerning the choice of the mule as the dominant draft animal in southern agricultural production in the latter 19th and early 20th century. While the mule was uniquely suited to the crops and climate of the region, two divergent arguments have been presented as to why the mule was the dominant draft animal in southern agricultural production. This research reevaluates these arguments and provides evidence that it was, in fact, the characteristics of this hybrid that made it the preferred draft animal for the South.
Using network analysis to explore cognitive domains in patients with unipolar versus bipolar depression: a prospective naturalistic study
Authors: Galimberti Cesare , Bosi Monica Francesca , Caricasole Valentina , Zanello Riccardo , Dell’Osso Bernardo , Viganò Caterina Adele 
Published: May 2019

Objective.Despite growing evidence in the field of cognitive function in mood disorders, the neurocognitive profiles of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression still need further characterization. In this study, we applied network analysis, hypothesizing this approach could highlight differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) from a cognitive perspective.Methods.The cognitive performance of 109 patients (72 unipolar and 37 bipolar depressed outpatients) was assessed through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and a series of clinical variables were collected. Differences in cognitive performance between MDD and BD patients were tested using non-parametric tests. Moreover, a network graph representing MoCA domains as nodes and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients between the domains as edges was constructed for each group.Results.The presence of mild cognitive impairment was observed in both MDD and BD patients during depression. No statistical significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of overall cognitive performance and across single domains. Nonetheless, network analytic metrics demonstrated different roles of memory and executive dysfunction in MDD versus BD patients: in particular, MDD network was more densely interconnected than BD network, and memory was the node with the highest betweenness and closeness centrality in MDD, while executive function was more central in BD.Conclusions.From a network analytic perspective, memory impairment displays a central role in the cognitive impairment of patients with unipolar depression, whereas executive dysfunction appears to be more central in bipolar depression. Further research is warranted to confirm our results.
Intake, growth and carcass characteristics of young ostriches given concentrates with and without pasture
Authors: Nitzan R. , Barkai D. , Nitsan Z. , Landau1 S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough ostriches are herbivores, their diets in commercial farming in Israel consist mainly of concentrates. The objective of this study was to evaluate an alternative for fattening ostriches aged 10 to 30 weeks, which combines pasture with concentrate feeding. Chicks were allotted to three treatments. Diet of group C40 consisted of concentrate only, provided at 40 g/kg body mass (mb). Groups CG20 and CG30 received concentrate at 20 and 30 g/ kg mb, respectively, and grazed 4 to 6 h/day on lush green alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sown barley (Hordeum vulgare), natural pasture or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium). During the last 10 weeks of experiment, groups CG20 and CG30 were merged into one group, managed as CG20 and grazed natural pasture, sulla, alfalfa, or vetch (Vicia sativa). Ostriches from group CG20 and CG30 consumed 390 (s.e.30) g and 260 (s.e. 20) g DM per day at pasture, i.e. 0·46 and 0·28 of their total daily intake, respectively. Pasture intake for CG20 was higher (P < 0·05) than for CG30. Intake of pasture (both grazing treatments combined) was twice as much as on natural pasture or alfalfa as on barley. These results were consistent with the ostriches’ preference for forbs rather than grasses in the natural pasture. The mean organic matter digestibility was 0·84 (s.e. 0·01), ostriches gained at 347 (s.e. 13) g/day, and the food conversion ratio was 3·05 (s.e. 0·16), with no effect of group. Also, grazing did not affect the dressing rate (0·47, s.e. 0·015) or the size and mass of the different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract, with the exception of the glandular and muscular stomachs, which were proportionately 0·4 (P < 0·05) heavier in grazing birds. Lower (P < 0·05) fat content (33·8 v. 26·5 g/kg) but not tenderness, of a selected muscle (fibularis longus) was found for grazing birds. This study suggests that, in young ostriches, grazing lush green pasture may reduce concentrate intake by proportionately 0·4, without altering growth performance or carcass yield and quality.
The stability of a near-adiabatic Endex batch CSTR reactor
Authors: Mcintosh A. C. , Gray B. F. , Wake G. C. , Ball R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany tens of serious incidents involving reactors occur in the developed countries each year. The disaster at the chemical plant in Bhopal, India in 1984 was particularly notable where a thermal runaway process led to more than 3000 tragic fatalities from the cloud of extremely toxic methyl isocyanate that boiled out of a storage tank. This signalled the design of special types of chemical reactors to reduce the risk of thermal runaway by planning (at the design stage) integral safety and thermal stabilization mechanisms. The Endex CSTR (continuously stirred tank reactor) proposed by Gray and Ball [3] involves a reactor in two parts with heat exchange allowed between them. The two parts of the reactor operate side by side in tandem, such that the thermal runaway of one part is offset by an endothermic reaction in the other reactor—hence the term ‘endex’.It is found that the adiabatic endex system has a large region of parameter space where the operation can be made safe. However adiabatic conditions rely on the continuous supply of reactants to the endothermic side of the reactor, for operation of the system. The risks involved are such that it is always safer to operate batch reactors in a non-adiabatic mode. Thus we consider the limiting case of the approach to adiabatic conditions where although the mathematics produces no oscillatory causes for instability, yet there is a narrow but significant area where the stable solution branch is lost and consequently a persistent and unexpected region of instability in what otherwise appears to be a simple CSTR system.
The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Daily Measures of Heart Rate Variability in Athletic Women
Authors: Kokts-Porietis Renée L. , Minichiello Nathaniel R. , Doyle-Baker Patricia K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a biomarker used to reflect both healthy and pathological state(s). The effect of the menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle phases (follicular, luteal) on HRV remains unclear. Active eumenorrheic women free from exogenous hormones completed five consecutive weeks of daily, oral basal body temperature (BBT) and HRV measurements upon waking. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize shifts in the HRV measures: standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive difference (rMSSD), high (HF) and low frequency (LF) across the menstrual cycle and between phases. All HRV measures were assessed by medians ( Mdn), median difference of consecutive days ( Mdn∆) and variance. Seven participants ( M ± SD; age: 28.60 ± 8.40 year) completed the study with regular menstrual cycles (28.40 ± 2.30 days; ovulation day 14.57 ± 0.98 day). Median rMSSD displayed a nonlinear decrease across the menstrual cycle and plateau around the day of ovulation. A negative shift before ovulation in Mdn∆, rMSSD, SDNN, and LF as well as peak on luteal phase Day 4 in rMSSD and SDNN was observed. Median variance increased in rMSSD (150.06 ms2) SDNN (271.12 ms2), and LF variance (0.001 sec2/Hz) from follicular to luteal phase. Daily HRV associated with the parasympathetic nervous system was observed to decrease nonlinearly across the menstrual cycle.
Internalizing Problems and Attentional Control
Authors: Andersen Tonje Grønning , Fiskum Charlotte , Aslaksen Per Matti , Flaten Magne Arve , Jacobsen Karl Henry 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Individuals with internalizing problems differ in levels of attentional control (AC), and this heterogeneity could be associated with differences in autonomic arousal. The present study investigated whether AC moderated the effect of internalizing problems on self-reported experience and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses after the induction of negative affect. Children aged 9–13 years were recruited into a patient group (29) and a healthy control group (25). AC was measured by the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. Heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and pre-ejection period (PEP) were recorded during baseline, a sad film clip and recovery, and analyzed using a marginal linear model. Children reported their experienced emotion, valence, and arousal in response to the film. A significant interaction effect showed increased HRV and longer PEP from baseline to recovery for patients with higher AC. Patients with lower AC showed increased HRV followed by a return to baseline values after the film clip and no significant changes in PEP. Healthy controls showed no significant changes in HRV or PEP independent of level of AC. There were no differences between groups in self-reported experience. The results indicate that AC moderated the effect of internalizing problems on ANS regulation. Increased HRV and longer PEP from baseline to recovery were uniquely associated with higher AC and internalizing problems. This physiological response might indicate a cognitive avoidance strategy. AC could be an important factor explaining heterogeneity in ANS activity among individuals with internalizing problems. Clinical implications of the present findings are discussed.
Identifying the Molecular Signatures of Agricultural Expansion in Amazonian Headwater Streams
Authors: Spencer Robert G.M. , Kellerman Anne M. , Podgorski David C. , Macedo Marcia N. , Jankowski KathiJo , Nunes Darlisson , Neill Christopher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAgricultural impacts on aquatic ecosystems are well studied; however, most research has focused on temperate regions, whereas the forefront of agricultural expansion is currently in the tropics. At the vanguard of this growth is the boundary between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes in Brazil, driven primarily by expansion of soybean and corn croplands. Here we examine the impacts of cropland expansion on receiving lowland Amazon Basin headwater streams in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition via ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. Streams draining croplands had lower DOC concentrations and DOM molecular signatures enriched in N‐ and S‐containing formula in comparison to forested streams. Cropland streams were also enriched in aliphatic, peptide‐like, and highly unsaturated and phenolic (low O/C) compound categories in comparison to forest streams (enriched in polyphenolics, condensed aromatics, and highly unsaturated and phenolic [high O/C] compound categories) indicative of the shifting of sources from organic‐rich surface soils and litter layers to autochthonous and more microbial biomass. Distinct molecular assemblages were strongly correlated with cropland and forest catchments, highlighting headwater streams as sentinels for detecting change. On investigation of unique molecular formulae present in only cropland sites, four cropland markers provided the ability to track agricultural impacts in the region. Overall, these patterns indicate reduced organic matter inputs in croplands and greater microbial degradation at these sites leading to declining DOC concentrations, and DOM of more microbial character in receiving streams that is more biolabile, with clear ramifications for downstream ecology and biogeochemical cycles.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: RNA m6A methylation regulates the epithelial mesenchymal transition of cancer cells and translation of Snail
Authors: Lin Xinyao , Chai Guoshi , Wu Yingmin , Li Jiexin , Chen Feng , Liu Jianzhao , Luo Guanzheng , Tauler Jordi , Du Jun , Lin Shuibin , He Chuan , Wang Hongsheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractN6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in the progression of several cancers. We reveal that during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), one important step for cancer cell metastasis, m6A modification of mRNAs increases in cancer cells. Deletion of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) down-regulates m6A, impairs the migration, invasion and EMT of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. m6A-sequencing and functional studies confirm that Snail, a key transcription factor of EMT, is involved in m6A-regulated EMT. m6A in Snail CDS, but not 3’UTR, triggers polysome-mediated translation of Snail mRNA in cancer cells. Loss and gain functional studies confirm that YTHDF1 mediates m6A-increased translation of Snail mRNA. Moreover, the upregulation of METTL3 and YTHDF1 act as adverse prognosis factors for overall survival (OS) rate of liver cancer patients. Our study highlights the critical roles of m6A on regulation of EMT in cancer cells and translation of Snail during this process.
BOLD5000, a public fMRI dataset while viewing 5000 visual images
Authors: Chang Nadine , Pyles John A. , Marcus Austin , Gupta Abhinav , Tarr Michael J. , Aminoff Elissa M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVision science, particularly machine vision, has been revolutionized by introducing large-scale image datasets and statistical learning approaches. Yet, human neuroimaging studies of visual perception still rely on small numbers of images (around 100) due to time-constrained experimental procedures. To apply statistical learning approaches that include neuroscience, the number of images used in neuroimaging must be significantly increased. We present BOLD5000, a human functional MRI (fMRI) study that includes almost 5,000 distinct images depicting real-world scenes. Beyond dramatically increasing image dataset size relative to prior fMRI studies, BOLD5000 also accounts for image diversity, overlapping with standard computer vision datasets by incorporating images from the Scene UNderstanding (SUN), Common Objects in Context (COCO), and ImageNet datasets. The scale and diversity of these image datasets, combined with a slow event-related fMRI design, enables fine-grained exploration into the neural representation of a wide range of visual features, categories, and semantics. Concurrently, BOLD5000 brings us closer to realizing Marr’s dream of a singular vision science–the intertwined study of biological and computer vision.
The effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation on central processing of tonic pain - a pilot study using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA)
Authors: Navid Muhammad Samran , Lelic Dina , Niazi Imran Khan , Holt Kelly , Mark Esben Bolvig , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Haavik Heidi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to investigate changes in pain perception and neural activity during tonic pain due to altered sensory input from the spine following chiropractic spinal adjustments. Fifteen participants with subclinical pain (recurrent spinal dysfunction such as mild pain, ache or stiffness but with no pain on the day of the experiment) participated in this randomized cross-over study involving a chiropractic spinal adjustment and a sham session, separated by 4.0 ± 4.2 days. Before and after each intervention, 61-channel electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded at rest and during 80 seconds of tonic pain evoked by the cold-pressor test (left hand immersed in 2 °C water). Participants rated the pain and unpleasantness to the cold-pressor test on two separate numerical rating scales. To study brain sources, sLORETA was performed on four EEG frequency bands: delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (12–32 Hz). The pain scores decreased by 9% after the sham intervention (p < 0.05), whereas the unpleasantness scores decreased by 7% after both interventions (p < 0.05). sLORETA showed decreased brain activity following tonic pain in all frequency bands after the sham intervention, whereas no change in activity was seen after the chiropractic spinal adjustment session. This study showed habituation to pain following the sham intervention, with no habituation occurring following the chiropractic intervention. This suggests that the chiropractic spinal adjustments may alter central processing of pain and unpleasantness.
QAOA for Max-Cut requires hundreds of qubits for quantum speed-up
Authors: Guerreschi G. G. , Matsuura A. Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComputational quantum technologies are entering a new phase in which noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers are available, but are still too small to benefit from active error correction. Even with a finite coherence budget to invest in quantum information processing, noisy devices with about 50 qubits are expected to experimentally demonstrate quantum supremacy in the next few years. Defined in terms of artificial tasks, current proposals for quantum supremacy, even if successful, will not help to provide solutions to practical problems. Instead, we believe that future users of quantum computers are interested in actual applications and that noisy quantum devices may still provide value by approximately solving hard combinatorial problems via hybrid classical-quantum algorithms. To lower bound the size of quantum computers with practical utility, we perform realistic simulations of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and conclude that quantum speedup will not be attainable, at least for a representative combinatorial problem, until several hundreds of qubits are available.
Electrical detection of current generated spin in topological insulator surface states: Role of interface resistance
Authors: Li C. H. , van ‘t Erve O. M. J. , Yan C. , Li L. , Jonker B. T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrent generated spin polarization in topological insulator (TI) surface states due to spin-momentum locking has been detected recently using ferromagnet/tunnel barrier contacts, where the projection of the TI spin onto the magnetization of the ferromagnet is measured as a voltage. However, opposing signs of the spin voltage have been reported, which had been tentatively attributed to the coexistence of trivial two-dimensional electron gas states on the TI surface which may exhibit opposite current-induced polarization than that of the TI Dirac surface states. Models based on electrochemical potential have been presented to determine the sign of the spin voltage expected for the TI surface states. However, these models neglect critical experimental parameters which also affect the sign measured. Here we present a Mott two-spin current resistor model which takes into account these parameters such as spin-dependent interface resistances, and show that such inclusion can lead to a crossing of the voltage potential profiles for the spin-up and spin-down electrons within the channel, which can lead to measured spin voltages of either sign. These findings offer a resolution of the ongoing controversy regarding opposite signs of spin signal reported in the literature, and highlight the importance of including realistic experimental parameters in the model.