bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Spectral Manifold Wavelet Regularizer for Unsupervised Deep Functional Maps
Authors: Liu Shengjun , Meng Jing , Hu Ling , Guo Yueyu , Liu Xinru , Yang Xiaoxia , Wang Haibo , Li Qinsong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn deep functional maps, the regularizer computing the functional map is especially crucial for ensuring the global consistency of the computed pointwise map. As the regularizers integrated into deep learning should be differentiable, it is not trivial to incorporate informative axiomatic structural constraints into the deep functional map, such as the orientation‐preserving term. Although commonly used regularizers include the Laplacian‐commutativity term and the resolvent Laplacian commutativity term, these are limited to single‐scale analysis for capturing geometric information. To this end, we propose a novel and theoretically well‐justified regularizer commuting the functional map with the multiscale spectral manifold wavelet operator. This regularizer enhances the isometric constraints of the functional map and is conducive to providing it with better structural properties with multiscale analysis. Furthermore, we design an unsupervised deep functional map with the regularizer in a fully differentiable way. The quantitative and qualitative comparisons with several existing techniques on the (near‐)isometric and non‐isometric datasets show our method's superior accuracy and generalization capabilities. Additionally, we illustrate that our regularizer can be easily inserted into other functional map methods and improve their accuracy.
Construction of a Prognostic Model for Mitochondria and Macrophage Polarization Correlation in Glioma Based on Single‐Cell and Transcriptome Sequencing
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Wang Heping , Zhang Yufei , Qu Siyao , Zhang Yulian , Yang Yanbo , Zhang Chuanpeng , He Kun , Dang Hanhan , Yang Yang , Li Shaoyi , Yu Yanbing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNumerous diseases are associated with the interplay of mitochondrial and macrophage polarization. However, the correlation of mitochondria‐related genes (MRGs) and macrophage polarization‐related genes (MPRGs) with the prognosis of glioma remains unclear. This study aimed to examine this relationship based on bioinformatic analysis.MethodsGlioma‐related datasets (TCGA‐GBMLGG, mRNA‐seq‐325, mRNA‐seq‐693, GSE16011, GSE4290, and GSE138794) were included in this study. The intersection genes were obtained by overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from differential expression analysis in GSE16011, key module genes from WGCNA, and MRGs. Subsequently, the intersection genes were further screened to obtain prognostic genes. Following this, a risk model was developed and verified. After that, independent prognostic factors were identified, followed by the construction of a nomogram and subsequent evaluation of its predictive ability. Furthermore, immune microenvironment analysis and expression validation were implemented. The GSE138794 dataset was utilized to evaluate the expression of prognostic genes at a cellular level, followed by conducting an analysis on cell‐to‐cell communication. Finally, the results were validated in different datasets and tissue samples from patients.ResultsECI2, MCCC2, OXCT1, SUCLG2, and CPT2 were identified as prognostic genes for glioma. The risk model constructed based on these genes in TCGA‐GBMLGG demonstrated certain accuracy in predicting the occurrence of glioma. Additionally, the nomogram constructed based on risk score and grade exhibited strong performance in predicting patient survival. Significant differences were observed in the proportion of 27 immune cell types (e.g., activated B cells and macrophages) and the expression of 32 immune checkpoints (e.g., CD70, CD200, and CD48) between the two risk groups. Single‐cell RNA sequencing showed that CPT2, ECI2, and SUCLG2 were highly expressed in oligodendrocytes, neural progenitor cells, and BMDMs, respectively. The results of cell–cell communication analysis revealed that both oligodendrocytes and BMDMs exhibited a substantial number of interactions with high strength.ConclusionThis study revealed five genes associated with the prognosis of glioma (ECI2, MCCC2, OXCT1, SUCLG2, and CPT2), providing novel insights into individualized treatment and prognosis.
Causal Effects of Gastroesophageal Reflux on Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Bidirectional Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xin Xiang , Yang Yang , Xuelei Li , Hongbing Yao , Xinye Tang , Jia Liang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionObservational studies have shown a bidirectional association between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or chronic rhinitis (CR), but it is not clear whether this association is causal.ObjectivesThis study was to investigate the causality between GER and CRS or CR using bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsUsing pooled data from large genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), genetic loci independently associated with GER, CRS and CR in populations of European and American ancestry were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to analyse the random effects model of MR, and the odds ratio (OR) was used as the evaluation index to explore the bidirectional causality between GER and CRS or CR. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) outliers were detected using MR‐pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outliers (MR‐PRESSO). The MR–Egger intercept test examined the horizontal pleiotropy of SNPs. The “leave‐one‐out” sensitivity analysis examined whether MR results were affected by a single SNP.ResultsThe main results of IVW showed that GER increased the risk of CRS (OR = 1.3795, 95% CI = 1.188–1.603, p < 0.0500) and CR (OR = 1.3941, 95% CI = 1.1671–1.6652, p < 0.0500). The obtained SNPs as IVs for GER, CRS and CR had no significant horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity or bias. Regarding the reverse directions, no notable associations could be found.ConclusionThis MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted GER had a causal effect on an increased risk of CRS or CR, but not vice versa. These results have great implications for the management of CRS (especially for refractory CRS) or CR in clinical practice.
Time trends in incidence of pilonidal sinus disease from 1996 to 2021: A Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Faurschou Ida Kaad , Erichsen Rune , Doll Dietrich , Haas Susanne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimPilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common condition, but no data on disease occurrence exist outside highly selected settings. The aim of this study was to assess time trends in the incidence of PSD in a nationwide setting.MethodUsing data from nationwide Danish registries, we identified 48 247 patients recorded with diagnostic or surgical procedure codes representing PSD between 1996 and 2021. We stratified by sex and computed the age‐adjusted and age‐specific incidence rate, comparing 5‐year intervals with the incidence rate ratio (IRR).ResultsThe overall incidence of PSD increased from 26.1 to 39.6/100 000 person‐years (PY) from the period 1996–2000 to the period 2016–2021 (IRR 1.52, 95% CI 0.78–2.94). The incidence increased from 35.8 to 56.9/100 000 PY (IRR 1.59, 95% CI 0.52–4.89) in male patients and from 16.4 to 22.5/100 000 PY (IRR 1.37, 95% CI 0.68–2.76) in female patients. The peak of age‐specific incidence was 215.7/100 000 PY (95% CI 206.1–245.4) among 20‐year‐old men and 107.9/100.000 PY (95% CI 100.0–114.0) among 18‐year‐old women. Over the study period, the median age at first hospital contact decreased from 27 years [interquartile range (IQR) 22–34 years) to 25 years (IQR 20–34 years) in men but remained stable around 23 years (IQR 18–32 years) in women. However, for both sexes, the highest increase in incidence was seen in early adolescence.ConclusionThe incidence of PSD has increased significantly over the last decades. The increase is driven primarily by men and boys, with the highest increase in incidence seen in early adolescence. The increased burden of disease is not reflected in the literature, and more studies are warranted to understand the drivers of this development.
A first‐in‐human, randomized study of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of povetacicept, an enhanced dual BAFF/APRIL antagonist, in healthy adults
Authors: Davies Rupert , Peng Stanford L. , Lickliter Jason , McLendon Kristi , Enstrom Amanda , Chunyk Allison G. , Blanchfield Lori , Wang NingXin , Blair Tiffany , Thomas Heather M. , Smith Alina , Dillon Stacey R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTherapeutic agents targeting the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily cytokines B‐cell activating factor (BAFF, BLyS) and/or A PRoliferation Inducing Ligand (APRIL) have demonstrated clinical effectiveness in multiple autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, their clinical utility can often be limited by incomplete and/or prolonged times to clinical response and inconvenient dosing regimens, which may be improved by more potent dual inhibition of both cytokines. Povetacicept (ALPN‐303; TACI vTD‐Fc) is a crystallizable fragment (Fc) fusion protein of an engineered transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) domain which mediates more potent inhibitory activity than wild‐type TACI‐Fc or BAFF‐ or APRIL‐specific antibodies and demonstrates superior pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity in multiple preclinical disease models. In this first‐in‐human study in healthy adults, povetacicept was well‐tolerated as single ascending doses of up to 960 mg administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Dose‐dependent pharmacokinetics were observed. Coverage of BAFF and APRIL was observed for 2–3 weeks and ≥4 weeks after doses of 80 mg and ≥240 mg, respectively. Maximal pharmacodynamic effects were observed at dose levels ≥80 mg for a single dose, associated with on‐target reductions in antibody‐secreting cells as well as in all circulating immunoglobulin isotypes, including the IgAN disease‐related biomarker galactose‐deficient‐immunoglobulin A1 (Gd‐IgA1), and were superior to results reported for wild‐type TACI‐Fc. These data strongly support further development of povetacicept for the treatment of B‐cell‐mediated automimmune diseases.
Contrasting Patterns of Population Genomic Structure Between Broadcast‐Spawning and Brooding Corals in Southeast Asia
Authors: Afiq‐Rosli Lutfi , Wainwright Benjamin J. , Lee Jen Nie , Waheed Zarinah , Chou Loke Ming , Huang Danwei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimAs climate change increasingly threatens the world's coral reefs, enhancing their resilience by improving population connectivity for key reef species is crucial for ensuring their persistence. Here, we evaluate the population genomic structure of two common coral species, Pocillopora acuta and Porites sp., chosen due to their divergent life histories. Thousands of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were sequenced and analysed to infer regional connectivity patterns in Southeast Asia, a region that harbours a tremendous diversity of marine life.LocationCoasts of the Malay Peninsula and northern Borneo, covering ~1 million km2.MethodNextRAD genotyping‐by‐sequencing of 185 Porites sp. and 221 Pocillopora acuta colonies. Libraries were prepared and sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Genotyping involved initial quality controls, allele frequency filtering and checks for contamination. Genetic structure was assessed with Bayesian clustering, and relationships between genetic variation and environmental factors were studied through redundancy analysis. Contemporary gene flow was estimated using BayesAss.ResultsWe observed panmixia among the broadcasting Porites sp. populations, while for the brooding Pocillopora acuta, the Malay Peninsula acts a strong barrier to dispersal between the Malacca Strait and the southern South China Sea. Moreover, its genomic structure seems to follow current marine ecoregion delineation. By analysing contemporary migrant movement, we can prioritise reef localities for conservation. In particular, localities at the Andaman Coral Coast are contemporarily isolated from the other localities, and Tioman is identified as a major larval source for both species.Main ConclusionOur analyses highlight contrasting population differentiation patterns between the two species that can be explained by the disparity in their reproductive strategies. These findings are important for biodiversity managers in Southeast Asia; incorporation of regional connectivity considerations into conservation planning can help safeguard ecosystem resilience and persistence.
Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity and cardiovascular disease: Unravelling associations and prognostic value
Authors: Yi Dingwu , Tang Xianming , Xing Zhenhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThe distribution pattern of abdominal adiposity may help determine cardiovascular disease (CVD). Waist circumference (WC) is the most common but imprecise method for measuring abdominal adiposity, as it fails to differentiate between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT). This study aimed to determine whether elevated VAT or ASAT provides greater prognostic value for CVD events compared to elevated WC in the general population using data from the UK Biobank.Materials and MethodsIn this secondary analysis of UK Biobank study, 24 265 participants with available abdominal magnetic resonance imaging data were included. The primary outcome of the study was coronary heart disease (CHD), and secondary outcomes included stroke, heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Cox regressions for VAT, ASAT and WC were examined in relation to the predefined outcomes on continuous scales using standard deviation (SD) changes and by categories of concordant and discordant values defined by medians.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 12.9 ± 1.8 years, 2641 participants developed CVD events (1296 CHD, 165 stroke, 286 HF and 894 AF) Each 1 SD increase in VAT yielded a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.22) for CHD risk, whereas ASAT had a HR of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04–1.18). Further adjustment for WC eliminated the association between ASAT and CHD risk, in contrast to the association between VAT and CHD risk, which remained almost unaffected. Discordant VAT above the median with WC below presented a HR of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.15–1.78) for CHD, compared with concordant VAT and WC below the median. Similar results were found for discordant WC above the median with VAT below, with a HR of 1.46 (95% CI: 1.18–1.81). In contrast, discordant ASAT above the median with WC below was not associated with an increased risk of CHD. Similarly, discordant ASAT above the median with VAT below was not associated with an increased risk of CHD. Additionally, there was no observed association between VAT or ASAT and the risks of stroke, HF or AF after further adjustment for WC. Additionally, there was no observed association between VAT or ASAT and the risks of stroke, HF or AF after further adjustment for WC.ConclusionIncorporating VAT measurements alongside WC data improved the ability to identify individuals at high risk for CHD compared to using WC alone. Both VAT and WC proved to be more accurate indicators of CHD risk than ASAT. However, VAT alone did not fully account for the CHD risk associated with elevated WC levels. Neither VAT nor ASAT showed an association with the risk of stroke, HF and AF.
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Aplastic Anemia During Pregnancy and Delivery: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Arora Aashima , Jain Arihant , Lad Deepesh , Ganguly Drishita , Khatri Pankaj , Shamim Muhammad Aaqib , Padhi Bijaya Kumar , Patil Amol N. , Malhotra Pankaj , Jain Vanita 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle scientific evidence exists on maternal and fetal outcomes in aplastic anemia (AA) during pregnancy.AimThe review was conducted to assess the maternal and fetal outcomes due to AA during pregnancy.Data SourcesWeb of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and registries until May 5, 2024.Study Eligibility CriteriaStudies (prospective, retrospective cohort, cross‐sectional, one arm, survey, follow‐up studies) evaluating AA during pregnancy were searched as per PROSPERO registered protocol (CRD42024506668). Case reports, case series, expert opinion letters, and studies assessing less than or equal to 10 pregnant women were not considered. The primary outcome was the prevalence of preeclampsia in AA pregnancies. The secondary outcomes included spontaneous abortion, preterm premature rupture of membranes, premature rupture of membranes, fetal growth restriction, type of delivery, intrauterine fetal death, maternal and neonatal mortality, and pre and post‐pregnancy remission status comparison.MethodsThe quality of research was checked using the New Castle‐Ottawa risk‐of‐bias tool. A meta‐analysis model with a random effect distribution, coupled with meta‐regression, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment, was used in the statistical software R. Standard Equator network study reporting guidelines were followed.ResultsSeven (one prospective and six retrospective cohort) studies included patients with confirmed AA diagnosis in 248 pregnancies. The pooled prevalence of preeclampsia was 13% (95% CI, 8%–20%). Heterogeneity was low in the present meta‐analysis (I

2
= 26%). The secondary outcome evaluation showed a pooled prevalence of 5% (95% CI, 3%–11%) for spontaneous abortion, 4% (95% CI, 1%–11%) for preterm premature rupture of membranes, 10% (95% CI, 3%–28%) for premature rupture of membranes, 6% (95% CI, 3%–11%) for fetal growth restriction, 5% (95% CI, 2%–13%) for intrauterine fetal death, 12% (95% CI, 5%–26%) for post‐partum hemorrhage, 74% (95% CI, 45%–91%) for intrapartum transfusion requirement, and 55% (95% CI, 27%–80%) for the cesarean delivery opting. The maternal mortality in pregnancies with AA was 4% (95% CI, 0.01–0.14), whereas neonatal mortality was 7% (95% CI, 0.03–0.18). The odds of AA complete remission were better in pre‐pregnancy than post‐pregnancy (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.08–1.66), although the results remain insignificant. The leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis did not change the pooled estimates for the primary outcome.ConclusionA risk of developing preeclampsia was observed in every eighth pregnant woman with an AA diagnosis. AA remission status might worsen after undergoing pregnancy, considering the significant obstetric morbidity and mortality burden.
Relationship quality and educational attainment links to development of cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity across middle adulthood
Authors: Roberson Patricia N. E. , Woods Sarah , Tasman Jordan , Hiefner Angela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of cardiometabolic morbidity (e.g., high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, type 2 diabetes) and multimorbidity development (2 or more cardiometabolic morbidities) are rapidly growing in the US. Cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity are linked to poor well‐being outcomes, high healthcare costs, and mortality. There is little known about cardiometabolic multimorbidity health disparities, particularly regarding mutable factors that might be targeted in future health interventions. In the present study, using a biopsychosocial framework (Biobehavioral Family Model), we examine whether cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity development are linked to premorbid family and marital relationships and if it differs depending on socioeconomic status (i.e., educational attainment) using three waves of Midlife in the US (N = 4951). We assessed cardiometabolic development with three conceptualizations: number of cardiometabolic morbidities (i.e., count variable), individual cardiometabolic morbidities (i.e., diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack), and severity of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (e.g., 3+ vs. zero morbidities). Family strain increased the number of cardiometabolic morbidities (OR = 1.17) and the severity of multimorbidity (e.g., 3+ morbidities: OR = 1.38). People with a high school education experienced family support as a buffer to the negative health impact of education level. Generally, marital quality appeared less impactful on cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity development compared to family strain. Positive and negative family characteristics appear to function differently across educational attainment. These findings indicate that adults’ non‐intimate family relationships predict important outcomes such as diabetes, heart attack, stroke, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity and should be considered targets for preventative health interventions.
Effect of Cyclic Load Frequency on the Fatigue Crack Nucleation and Growth of Annealed and Prestrained Austenitic SS 304
Authors: Nascimento Brenno L. , Santos Iris S. , Santos Luiara L. , Reis Matheus M. S. , de Jesus Ihana G. C. , Griza Sandro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe austenitic stainless steels are widely used in several engineering fields due to their high ductility, corrosion and high temperature performance. Despite its noble properties, components manufactured in austenitic stainless steel are subject to fatigue failure. Studies indicate that loading frequency can impact the austenitic stainless steel fatigue performance. In this scenario, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of frequencies of 3 and 30 Hz on the fatigue behavior of SS 304 alloy under load control in order to identify in which fatigue stage the effect is outstanding. Therefore, fatigue and fracture mechanics tests were evaluated on the alloy annealed at 1000°C. Furthermore, fatigue tests were also applied to the alloy after previous tensile plastic strain of 0.5. The analyses denoted a significant reduction in fatigue strength with increasing frequency, especially for the strained alloy. Fatigue crack nucleation is encouraged with greater load frequency. This behavior may be attributed to strain‐induced martensite and other strain mechanisms such as twinning and slip bands that are encouraged by lower strain rates but are relieved by auto‐heating achieved in higher frequencies, as mentioned in the literature, which decrease the strength to fatigue nucleation.