bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aging on the Obstacle Negotiation Strategy while Stepping over Multiple Obstacles
Authors: Chien Jung Hung , Post Jerod , Siu Ka-Chun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractForty-seven percent of falling accidents in older adults are caused by tripping over obstacles. Understanding what strategies are involved in obstacle negotiation in older adults could reduce fall risks. There is a paucity of research investigating how healthy adults negotiate multiple obstacles, which may better reflect the complexity of the real environment. The presence of a second obstacle has induced mixed results in the obstacle negotiation of healthy older adults with the interval between obstacles two steps apart. This study extended the knowledge to understand what strategies healthy younger and older adults used to step over two obstacles placed at three-step-length apart. Twenty healthy subjects performed 2 tasks: level ground walking and stepping over two obstacles. The height of each obstacle was set at 10% of subjects’ leg height. We found that aging significantly increased the toe clearance in leading and trailing legs when stepping over the obstacles at a three-step-length interval. Toe clearance was higher while stepping over the second obstacle than the first one in older adults. These results had two-fold meanings: the three-step-length interval was long enough to trigger the adjustment of the obstacle negotiation strategy, and aging led older adults to use conservative negotiation strategies.
Prior activity of olfactory receptor neurons is required for proper sensory processing and behavior in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Utashiro Nao , Williams Claire R. , Parrish Jay Z. , Emoto Kazuo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAnimal responses to their environment rely on activation of sensory neurons by external stimuli. In many sensory systems, however, neurons display basal activity prior to the external stimuli. This prior activity is thought to modulate neural functions, yet its impact on animal behavior remains elusive. Here, we reveal a potential role for prior activity in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in shaping larval olfactory behavior. We show that prior activity in larval ORNs is mediated by the olfactory receptor complex (OR complex). Mutations ofOrco, an odorant co-receptor required for OR complex function, cause reduced attractive behavior in response to optogenetic activation of ORNs. Calcium imaging reveals thatOrcomutant ORNs fully respond to optogenetic stimulation but exhibit altered temporal patterns of neural responses. These findings together suggest a critical role for prior activity in information processing upon ORN activation inDrosophilalarvae, which in turn contributes to olfactory behavior control.
First characterization of a microsporidial triosephosphate isomerase and the biochemical mechanisms of its inactivation to propose a new druggable target
Authors: García-Torres Itzhel , De la Mora-De la Mora Ignacio , Hernández-Alcántara Gloria , Molina-Ortiz Dora , Caballero-Salazar Silvia , Olivos-García Alfonso , Nava Gabriela , López-Velázquez Gabriel , Enríquez-Flores Sergio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe microsporidia are a large group of intracellular parasites with a broad range of hosts, including humans. Encephalitozoon intestinalis is the second microsporidia species most frequently associated with gastrointestinal disease in humans, especially immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals, including children and the elderly. The prevalence reported worldwide in these groups ranges from 0 to 60%. Currently, albendazole is most commonly used to treat microsporidiosis caused by Encephalitozoon species. However, the results of treatment are variable, and relapse can occur. Consequently, efforts are being directed toward identifying more effective drugs for treating microsporidiosis, and the study of new molecular targets appears promising. These parasites lack mitochondria, and oxidative phosphorylation therefore does not occur, which suggests the enzymes involved in glycolysis as potential drug targets. Here, we have for the first time characterized the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase of E. intestinalis at the functional and structural levels. Our results demonstrate the mechanisms of inactivation of this enzyme by thiol-reactive compounds. The most striking result of this study is the demonstration that established safe drugs such as omeprazole, rabeprazole and sulbutiamine can effectively inactivate this microsporidial enzyme and might be considered as potential drugs for treating this important disease.
Factors associated with late presentation for HIV care in a single Belgian reference center: 2006–2017
Authors: Darcis Gilles , Lambert Iseult , Sauvage Anne-Sophie , Frippiat Frédéric , Meuris Christelle , Uurlings Françoise , Lecomte Marianne , Léonard Philippe , Giot Jean-Baptiste , Fombellida Karine , Vaira Dolores , Moutschen Michel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLate presentation for HIV care is a major issue and the cause of higher morbidity, mortality and transmission. In this regard, we analyzed the characteristics of patients presenting for care at our center from January 2006 to July 2017 (n = 687). The majority of the studied population was of African origin (54.3%) with heterosexual women representing the main group (n = 292; 42.5%). 44% of the patients were late presenters (LP) (presenting for care with CD4 T cells <350/mm3 or an AIDS defining event) and 24% were late presenters with advanced disease (LP-AD) (presenting for care with CD4 T cells <200/mm3 or an AIDS defining event). A very high risk of being LP and LP-AD was associated with Sub-Saharan origin (OR 3.4 and 2.6 respectively). Other factors independently associated with LP or LP-AD were age (OR 1.3), male gender (OR 2.0 and 1.5 respectively) and heterosexual route of transmission (OR 2.4 and 2.3 respectively). A significant increase in HIV screening without forgetting those groups would contribute to earlier HIV diagnosis, a key element to end the HIV epidemic. To achieve this goal, addressing the specific hurdles to HIV testing in the migrant population is critical.
Effect of small scale transport processes on phytoplankton distribution in coastal seas
Authors: Hernández-Carrasco Ismael , Orfila Alejandro , Rossi Vincent , Garçon Veronique 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCoastal ocean ecosystems are major contributors to the global biogeochemical cycles and biological productivity. Physical factors induced by the turbulent flow play a crucial role in regulating marine ecosystems. However, while large-scale open-ocean dynamics is well described by geostrophy, the role of multiscale transport processes in coastal regions is still poorly understood due to the lack of continuous high-resolution observations. Here, the influence of small-scale dynamics (O(3.5–25) km, i.e. spanning upper submesoscale and mesoscale processes) on surface phytoplankton derived from satellite chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is studied using Lagrangian metrics computed from High-Frequency Radar currents. The combination of complementary Lagrangian diagnostics, including the Lagrangian divergence along fluid trajectories, provides an improved description of the 3D flow geometry which facilitates the interpretation of two non-exclusive physical mechanisms affecting phytoplankton dynamics and patchiness. Attracting small-scale fronts, unveiled by backwards Lagrangian Coherent Structures, are associated to negative divergence where particles and Chl-a standing stocks cluster. Filaments of positive divergence, representing large accumulated upward vertical velocities and suggesting accrued injection of subsurface nutrients, match areas with large Chl-a concentrations. Our findings demonstrate that an accurate characterization of small-scale transport processes is necessary to comprehend bio-physical interactions in coastal seas.
Role of Wnt11 during Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Microstructured Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Boyan Barbara D. , Olivares-Navarrete Rene , Berger Michael B. , Hyzy Sharon L. , Schwartz Zvi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSuccessful osseointegration of an endosseous implant involves migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the implant surface. Micro-structured, hydrophilic titanium surfaces direct MSCs to undergo osteoblastic differentiation in vitro, in the absence of media additives commonly used in cultures grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). This process involves non-canonical Wnt5a, in contrast to canonical Wnt3a typically credited with osteoblastic differentiation on TCPS. Wnt proteins have been implicated in morphological development and tissue patterning, suggesting that additional Wnts may participate. Here, we demonstrate that Wnt11 is a mediator of osteoblast commitment of MSCs, and increases in a surface-roughness dependent manner. Experiments using cells silenced for Wnt11 indicate that cross-talk between Wnt5a and Wnt11 occurs. Wnt11 potentially acts upstream to Wnt5a, increasing Wnt5a expression and factors associated with osteogenesis. Thus, Wnt11 contributes to peri-implant bone formation distal to the implant surface through a heavily regulated signaling cascade of autocrine/paracrine proteins.
Interplay of the photon drag and the surface photogalvanic effects in the metal-semiconductor nanocomposite
Authors: Mikheev G. M. , Saushin A. S. , Styapshin V. M. , Svirko Yu. P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhoton drag effect (PDE) and surface photogalvanic effect (SPGE) can be observed in centrosymmetric media and manifest themselves in photocurrents, the magnitude and polarity of which depend on wavevector and polarization of the excitation laser beam. PDE photocurrent originates from the transfer of the photon momentum to a free charge carrier, while SPGE photocurrent is due to diffuse scattering of the photoexcited carriers in the subsurface layer. However, despite the different underlying physical mechanisms, these photocurrents have almost indistinguishable dependencies on the polarization and the angle of incidence of the excitation laser beam. In this paper, we observe for the first time a competition between PDE and SPGE in the film containing metal (Ag-Pd) and semiconductor (PdO) nanocrystallites. We show that, depending on the angle of incidence, polarization azimuth and wavelength of the excitation laser beam, the interplay of the PDE and SPGE leads to the generation of either monopolar or bipolar nanosecond current pulses. The experiments performed allow us to visualize the contributions both these effects and obtain light-to-current conversion efficiency in a wide spectral range. Our experimental findings can be employed to control the magnitude and polarity of the light-induced current by polarization of the excitation laser beam.
Isotopic study of intraseasonal variations of plant transpiration: an alternative means to characterise the dry phases of monsoon
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Belekar A. R. , Datye A. , Sinha N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe isotopic characteristics of plant transpired water are strongly controlled by soil evaporation process, primarily by relative humidity. The monsoon system is characterised by large variability of several atmospheric parameters; the primary one being the rainfall, which in turn, modulates the relative humidity. Due to the strong dependency of transpiration on relative humidity, it is expected that this process would vary in accordance with the active and break periods of the monsoon season, which are known to produce cycles of humid and relatively dry phases during a monsoon season. To study the transpiration process, an experiment was conducted wherein rainwater and transpired water were collected from a few plants and analyzed for their isotopic ratios during the summer monsoon seasons of 2016 and 2017. The difference between the isotopic characteristics of the transpired water and rain water is expected to be nominally positive, however, a large variability was observed. This difference is found to be high (low) during the reduced (enhanced) humidity conditions and varies in tandem with the break and active phases of the monsoon season. This characteristic feature may thus be used to delineate the dry and wet phases of monsoon on local to regional scale.
Oligomerization of 2-chloroallyl alcohol by 2-pyridinecarboxylate complex of chromium(III) - new highly active and selective catalyst
Authors: Drzeżdżon Joanna , Sikorski Artur , Chmurzyński Lech , Jacewicz Dagmara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe new 2-pyridinecarboxylate (2-pic) complex of chromium(III) has been designed and synthesized as a new highly active and selective oligomerization catalyst. The crystal structure of the new compound has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The composition and purity of [Cr(2-pic)2(OH2)2]NO3 have been confirmed by several spectroscopic methods and the elemental analysis. Furthermore, the new complex has been investigated towards its catalytic activity for the oligomerization of 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol under the atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. It has turned out that the novel catalyst exhibits a very high catalytic activity. Consequently, [Cr(2-pic)2(OH2)2]NO3 belongs to a new generation of non-metallocene catalysts.
Terrein is an inhibitor of quorum sensing and c-di-GMP in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a connection between quorum sensing and c-di-GMP
Authors: Kim Bomin , Park Ji-Su , Choi Ha-Young , Yoon Sang Sun , Kim Won-Gon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo address the drug-resistance of bacterial pathogens without imposing a selective survival pressure, virulence and biofilms are highly attractive targets. Here, we show that terrein, which was isolated from Aspergillus terreus, reduced virulence factors (elastase, pyocyanin, and rhamnolipid) and biofilm formation via antagonizing quorum sensing (QS) receptors without affecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell growth. Additionally, the effects of terrein on the production of QS signaling molecules and expression of QS-related genes were verified. Interestingly, terrein also reduced intracellular 3,5-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) levels by decreasing the activity of a diguanylate cyclase (DGC). Importantly, the inhibition of c-di-GMP levels by terrein was reversed by exogenous QS ligands, suggesting a regulation of c-di-GMP levels by QS; this regulation was confirmed using P. aeruginosa QS mutants. This is the first report to demonstrate a connection between QS signaling and c-di-GMP metabolism in P. aeruginosa, and terrein was identified as the first dual inhibitor of QS and c-di-GMP signaling.
Glycolate oxidase gene family in Nicotiana benthamiana: genome-wide identification and functional analyses in disease resistance
Authors: Xu You-Ping , Yang Juan , Cai Xin-Zhong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlycolate oxidase (GOX)-dependent production of H2O2 in response to pathogens and its function in disease resistance are still poorly understood. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification of GOX gene family in Nicotiana benthamiana and analyzed their function in various types of disease resistance. Sixteen GOX genes were identified in N. benthamiana genome. They consisted of GOX and HAOX groups. All but two NbGOX proteins contained an alpha_hydroxyacid_oxid_FMN domain with extra 43–52 amino acids compared to that of FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxyacid oxidizing enzymes (NCBI-CDD cd02809). Silencing of three NbGOX family genes NbHAOX8, NbGOX1 and NbGOX4 differently affected resistance to various pathogens including Tobacco rattle virus, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Effect of these genes on resistance to Xoo is well correlated with that on Xoo–responsive H2O2 accumulation. Additionally, silencing of these genes enhanced PAMP-triggered immunity as shown by increased flg22-elicited H2O2 accumulation in NbGOX-silenced plants. These NbGOX family genes were distinguishable in altering expression of defense genes. Analysis of mutual effect on gene expression indicated that NbGOX4 might function through repressing NbHAOX8 and NbGOX1. Collectively, our results reveal the important roles and functional complexity of GOX genes in disease resistance in N. benthamiana.
Spatiotemporal control of cargo delivery performed by programmable self-propelled Janus droplets
Authors: Li Menglin , Brinkmann Martin , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Seemann Ralf , Fleury Jean-Baptiste 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSelf-propelled droplets capable of transporting cargo to specific target locations are desired tools for many future applications. Here we propose a class of active droplets with programmable delivery time that are attracted or repelled by certain obstacle geometries. These droplets consist of a water/ethanol mixture and are dispersed in an oil/surfactant solution. Owing to a mass exchange between fluid phases during self-propulsion, the initially homogeneous droplets spontaneously de-mix and evolve into characteristic Janus droplets. Cargo molecules, like DNA, can be separated into the trailing ethanol-rich droplet and are carried to their target location “like in a backpack”. The delayed onset of phase separation provides a handle to control the time frame of delivery, while long-ranged hydrodynamic interactions and short-ranged wetting forces are exploited to achieve the desired spatial specificity with respect to obstacle geometry and surface chemistry.
Analysis of polyamine biosynthetic- and transport ability of human indigenous Bifidobacterium
Authors: Sugiyama Yuta , Nara Misaki , Sakanaka Mikiyasu , Kitakata Aya , Okuda Shujiro , Kurihara Shin 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Bifidobacteria are members of the human intestinal microbiota, being numerically dominant in the colon of infants, and also being prevalent in the large intestine of adults. In this study, we measured the concentrations of major polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in cells and culture supernatant of 13 species of human indigenous Bifidobacterium at growing and stationary phase. Except for Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium gallicum, 11 species contained spermidine and/or spermine when grown in Gifu-anaerobic medium (GAM). However, Bifidobacterium scardovii and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, which contain spermidine when grown in GAM, did not contain spermidine when grown in polyamine-free 199 medium. Of the tested 13 Bifidobacterium species, 10 species showed polyamine transport ability. Combining polyamine concentration analysis in culture supernatant and in cells, with basic local alignment search tool analysis suggested that novel polyamine transporters are present in human indigenous Bifidobacterium.
Abbreviations: Put: putrescine; Spd: spermidine; Spm: spermine; GAM: Gifu anaerobic medium; BHI: brain-heart infusion
Sustainable development goals as the basis of university management towards global competitiveness
Authors: Utama Yos Johan , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Zainuri Muhammad , Darsono Darsono , Setyono Budi , Widowati  , Putro Sapto Purnomo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Sustainable Development Goals are international agreements of many countries under UN initiation that have certain goals and targets. Achieving these goals and targets of the SDG requires a broad and focused effort from various sectors including higher education. Some of the goals associated with higher education are education, sanitation, innovation and global partnership. Given that higher education is one of the main drivers of the progress of a country, it gives university opportunities to play a bigger role. In addition, the rapid development and changes that occur today also require universities to respond quickly and appropriately. This can be done by developing university management based on the principle of SDG. This paper provides a brief description of the strategies that higher education institutions can take, particularly in responding to the changing world and in achieving the target of the SDGs. Five strategis for the university to encourage faster achievement of the targeted SDGs are proposed, i.e. Improvement of higher education quality, improvement of higher education equity, improvement of sanitarian and environment, improvement of research and innovation, and global partnership.
Axe: rapid, competitive sequence read demultiplexing using a trie
Authors: Murray Kevin D , Borevitz Justin O 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Summary
We describe a rapid algorithm for demultiplexing DNA sequence reads with in-read indices. Axe selects the optimal index present in a sequence read, even in the presence of sequencing errors. The algorithm is able to handle combinatorial indexing, indices of differing length and several mismatches per index sequence.

Availability and implementation
Axe is implemented in C, and is used as a command-line program on Unix-like systems. Axe is available online at https://github.com/kdmurray91/axe, and is available in Debian/Ubuntu distributions of GNU/Linux as the package axe-demultiplexer.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
PREQUAL: detecting non-homologous characters in sets of unaligned homologous sequences
Authors: Whelan Simon , Irisarri Iker , Burki Fabien 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Summary
Phylogenomic datasets invariably contain undetected stretches of non-homologous characters due to poor-quality sequences or erroneous gene models. The large-scale multi-gene nature of these datasets renders impractical or impossible detailed manual curation of sequences, but few tools exist that can automate this task. To address this issue, we developed a new method that takes as input a set of unaligned homologous sequences and uses an explicit probabilistic approach to identify and mask regions with non-homologous adjacent characters. These regions are defined as sharing no statistical support for homology with any other sequence in the set, which can result from e.g. sequencing errors or gene prediction errors creating frameshifts. Our methodology is implemented in the program PREQUAL, which is a fast and accurate tool for high-throughput filtering of sequences. The program is primarily aimed at amino acid sequences, although it can handle protein coding DNA sequences as well. It is fully customizable to allow fine-tuning of the filtering sensitivity.

Availability and implementation
The program PREQUAL is written in C/C++ and available through a GNU GPL v3.0 at https://github.com/simonwhelan/prequal.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.