bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erosion rates and patterns in a transient landscape, Grand Staircase, southern Utah, USA
Authors: Riley Kerry E. , Rittenour Tammy M. , Pederson Joel L. , Belmont Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCosmogenic 10Be concentrations in alluvial sediment are widely used to infer long-term, catchment-averaged erosion rates based on the assumption that the landscape is in mass-flux steady state. However, many landscapes are out of equilibrium over millennial time scales due to tectonic and climatic forcing. The Grand Staircase of the Colorado Plateau (North America) is a transient landscape, adjusting to base-level fall from the carving of the Grand Canyon, and is characterized by cliff-bench topography caused by differential erosion of lithologic units. The 10Be concentrations from 52 alluvial and colluvial samples, collected in nested fashion from five catchments, produced inferred erosion rates ranging from 20 to >3500 m/m.y. (or mm/k.y.). We attribute this high variance in part to lithologic-controlled steepness and hotspots of erosion related to cliff retreat along the White Cliffs (escarpment near Mt. Carmel Junction, Utah), as well as headward drainage expansion along the uppermost Pink Cliffs (escarpment within Bryce Canyon National Park). Results from the downslope Vermillion Cliffs (near Kanab) indicate lower erosion rates despite similar slope and rock types, suggesting knick-zone migration has passed that lower region of our study area. The 10Be concentrations measured along trunk streams systematically match local, subcatchment erosion rates, with muted influence from upstream sediment sources. This is consistent with intermittent sediment conveyance between cliff and bench terrain, with sediment storage and localized release associated with ephemeral arroyo systems in the region. Therefore, while detrital cosmogenic nuclide records in transient landscapes may not directly reflect upstream catchment-averaged erosion rates, 10Be inventories can provide insight into unsteady upslope-directed erosion and downslope-directed sediment conveyance in these dynamic landscapes.
Self-efficacy assessment tools for individuals with depression: protocol for a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rosas Marina Araújo , Cordeiro Tattiana Dias de Carvalho , Silva Tatiana de Paula Santana da , Caldas Ada Salvetti Cavalcanti , Ribeiro Carlos Eduardo de Souza Leão , Marinho Manoel Henrique da Nóbrega , Lima Murilo Duarte da Costa , Vasconcelos Selene Cordeiro 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionDepression is a common debilitating disease that affects individuals in all age groups. The impact of the diagnosis extends beyond the individual, with negative effects on mental health, physical health and social well-being. Self-efficacy has been referenced as an important aspect to the prognosis of mood disorders by conferring co-responsibility to the affected individual to face his/her health problems. Several assessment tools are found in the literature for measuring self-efficacy, but it is not yet clear which of these measures are more applicable to individuals with mood disorders, particularly depression. Thus, the aim of present study is to propose a systematic review to examine the psychometric properties and applicability of assessment tools designed to measure self-efficacy in individuals with symptoms and/or a diagnosis of depression.Methods and analysisThis protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols statement and the review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The evaluation of the psychometric properties of the health outcome measures will be conducted according to COSMIN guidelines. Two independent reviewers will perform the electronic searches in the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, SCOPUS and CINAHL databases, followed by the use of the ‘snowball’ strategy. The inclusion criteria will be (1) instrument validation studies, (2) developed with individuals of any age (3) with symptoms or a diagnosis of depression. Two independent reviewers will analyse the titles and abstracts of the articles retrieved during the search for pre-selection, followed by full-text analyses to determine inclusion in the review based on the eligibility criteria. Cases of a divergence of opinion will be resolved by a third reviewer. Descriptive analysis of the articles will be performed (data on participants, characteristics, psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the assessment tools).Ethics and disseminationThe proposed systematic review will provide information on assessment tools employed to measure self-efficacy with regard to coping with depression, offering data on the psychometric properties, strong and weak points, and clinical applicability. As a secondary analysis of the literature, the approval of an ethics committee is not required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017078707
Does pain, psychological distress and deteriorated family economy follow traumatic amputation among war casualties? A retrospective, cross-sectional study from Gaza
Authors: Heszlein-Lossius Hanne Edoy , Al-Borno Yahya , Shaqqoura Samar , Skaik Nashwa , Giil Lasse Melvaer , Gilbert Mads 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore determinants of psychosocial distress and pain in patients who have survived severe extremity amputation in Gaza.SettingThis study was conducted in a secondary care rehabilitation centre in Gaza, Palestine. The clinic is Gaza’s sole provider of artificial limbs.ParticipantsWe included 254 civilian Palestinians who had survived but lost one or more limb(s) during military incursions from 2006 to 2016. We included patients with surgically treated amputation injuries who attended physical rehabilitation at a specialist prosthesis centre in Gaza. Amputees with injuries prior to 2006 or non-military related injuries were excluded.We assessed their pain and psychological stress using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We used income, amputation severity scored by proximity to torso, current employment status, loss of family members and loss of home as independent variables.ResultsThe amputees median age was 23 years at the time of trauma, while a median of 4.3 years had passed from trauma to study inclusion. Nine of 10 were male, while 43 were children when they were amputated (17%≤18 years). One hundred and ninety-one (75%) were unemployed and 112 (44%) reported unemployment caused by being amputated. Pain was the most frequent problem, and 80 amputees (32%) reported to suffer from daily pain. Family income was significantly correlated with the physical pain (OR=0.54, CI 0.36 to 0.80, p=0.002). Psychological distress was higher among unemployed amputees (OR=1.36, CI 1.07 to 1.72, p=0.011). We found no association between psychological distress (GHQ-scores) and the extent of the initial amputation.ConclusionPain and psychological distress following war-related extremity amputation of one or more limbs correlated stronger with deteriorated family economy and being unemployed than with the anatomical and medical severity of extremity amputations.
Prehospital tranexamic acid shortens the interval to administration by half in Major Trauma Networks: a service evaluation
Authors: Marsden Max E R , Rossetto Andrea , Duffield Charles A B , Woolley Thomas G D , Buxton William P , Steynberg Sarah , Bagga Rahul , Tai Nigel R M 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionTranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding and mortality. Recent trials have demonstrated improved survival with shorter intervals to TXA administration. The aims of this service evaluation were to assess the interval from injury to TXA administration and describe the characteristics of patients who received TXA pre-hospital and in-hospital.MethodsWe reviewed Trauma and Audit Research Network records and local trauma registries to identify patients of any age that received TXA at all London Major Trauma Centres and Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, during 2017. We used the 2016 NICE Guidelines (NG39) which state that TXA should be given within 3 hours of injury.ResultsWe identified 1018 patients who received TXA, of whom 661 (65%) had sufficient data to assess the time from injury to TXA administration. The median interval was 74 min (IQR: 47–116). 92% of patients received TXA within 3 hours from injury, and 59% within 1 hour. Half of the patients (54%) received prehospital TXA. The median time to TXA administration when given prehospital was 51 min (IQR: 39–72), and 112 min (IQR: 84–160) if given in-hospital (p<0.001). In-hospital TXA patients had less haemodynamic derangement and lower base deficit on admission compared with patients given prehospital TXA.ConclusionPrehospital administration of TXA is associated with a shorter interval from injury to drug delivery. Identifying a proportion of patients at risk of haemorrhage remains a challenge. However, further reinforcement is needed to empower pre-hospital clinicians to administer TXA to trauma patients without overt signs of shock.
Impact of tax increases on illicit cigarette trade in Mongolia
Authors: Ross Hana , Vellios Nicole , Batmunkh Tsetsegsaikhan , Enkhtsogt Myadagmaa , Rossouw Laura 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe Mongolian government increased import tobacco tax by 30% in May 2017 and excise tobacco tax by 10% in January 2018. To assess the impact of these tax increases on illicit cigarette trade, we estimate illicit trade before and after tax increases.MethodsDiscarded cigarette packs were collected in the capital city and in two provinces near China, the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. Tax increases occurred between all three rounds (April 2017, August/September 2017, May/June 2018). Cigarette packs are identified as illicit if there is evidence that tax was not paid. This is deduced from the absence of the Mongolian excise tax stamp, or the absence of traces of a tax stamp (glue residue). Data are weighted to represent the areas sampled.ResultsIn round 1, 15.4% (95% CI 14.6% to 16.2%) of the 7494 collected packs were illicit. This estimate decreased to 13.6% (95% CI 12.7% to 14.5%) in round 2 (5852 collected packs) and to 6.3% (95% CI 5.7% to 6.9%) in round 3 (6258 collected packs). Illicit cigarettes originated primarily from the Republic of Korea and Ukraine, but some were manufactured in Mongolia. While the majority of illicit products are supplied by global companies (Korea Tobacco & Ginseng, Imperial Tobacco and Philip Morris Kazakhstan), one local company, Mongol Tobacco SO, is also implicated.ConclusionsThe share of illicit cigarettes declined between rounds 1 and 2 despite the import tax increase, and this trend continued in round 3 despite the excise tax increase.
Recovery of contralesional saccade choice and reaction time deficits after a unilateral endothelin-1-induced lesion in the macaque caudal prefrontal cortex
Authors: Adam Ramina , Johnston Kevin , Everling Stefan 
Published: June 2019

The caudal primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in target selection and visually guided saccades through both covert attention and overt orienting eye movements. Unilateral damage to the caudal PFC often leads to decreased awareness of a contralesional target alone, referred to as “neglect,” or when it is presented simultaneously with an ipsilesional target, referred to as “extinction.” In the current study, we examined whether deficits in contralesional target selection were due to contralesional oculomotor deficits, such as slower reaction times. We experimentally induced a focal ischemic lesion in the right caudal PFC of 4 male macaque monkeys using the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 and measured saccade choice and reaction times on double-stimulus free-choice tasks and single-stimulus trials before and after the lesion. We found that 1) endothelin-1-induced lesions in the caudal PFC produced contralesional target selection deficits that varied in severity and duration based on lesion volume and location; 2) contralesional neglect-like deficits were transient and recovered by week 4 postlesion; 3) contralesional extinction-like deficits were longer lasting and recovered by weeks 8–16 postlesion; 4) contralesional reaction time returned to baseline well before the contralesional choice deficit had recovered; and 5) neither the mean reaction times nor the reaction time distributions could account for the degree of contralesional extinction on the free-choice task throughout recovery. These findings demonstrate that the saccade choice bias observed after a right caudal PFC lesion is not exclusively due to contralesional motor deficits, but instead reflects a combination of impaired motor and attentional processing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unilateral damage to the caudal prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys results in impaired contralesional target selection during the simultaneous presentation of an ipsilesional target. We show that the recovery of contralesional target selection cannot be explained by the recovery of prolonged contralesional saccadic reaction times alone. This indicates that an impairment in contralesional attentional processing contributes to the magnitude of the saccade choice bias in the weeks following a unilateral caudal prefrontal cortex lesion.
Discrimination of bursts and tonic activity in multifunctional sensorimotor neural network using the extended hill-valley method
Authors: Chung Bryce P. , Edwards Donald H. 
Published: June 2019

Individual neurons can exhibit a wide range of activity, including spontaneous spiking, tonic spiking, bursting, or spike-frequency adaptation, and can also transition between these activity types. Manual identification of these activity patterns can be subjective and inconsistent. The extended hill-valley (EHV) analysis discriminates tonic spiking and bursts in a spike train by detecting fluctuations in a local, history-dependent analysis signal derived from the spike train. Consequently, the EHV method is not susceptible to changes in baseline firing rate and can identify different types of activity patterns. In addition, output from the EHV method can be used to identify more complex activity patterns such as phasotonic bursting, in which a burst is immediately followed by a period of tonic spiking. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neurons exhibit diverse spiking patterns, but automated activity classification has focused mainly on detecting bursts. The novel extended hill-valley algorithm uses a smoothed, history-dependent signal to discriminate different types of activity, such as bursts and tonic spiking.
Comprehensive Liquid Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA and Protein Biomarkers in Long-Term Follow-Up Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cai Zhixiong , Chen Geng , Zeng Yongyi , Dong Xiuqing , Li Zhenli , Huang Yanbing , Xin Fuli , Qiu Liman , Xu Haipo , Zhang Wei , Su Xiaoping , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Jingfeng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides a novel approach for detecting tumor burden and predicting clinical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we performed a thorough evaluation of HCC circulating genetic features and further fully integrated them to build a robust strategy for HCC monitoring and prognostic outcome assessment.

Experimental Design:
We performed target sequencing and low-coverage whole-genome sequencing on plasma samples collected from 34 long-term follow-up patients with HCC to capture tumor somatic SNVs and CNVs, respectively. Clinical information was also obtained to evaluate the prognostic performance of ctDNA comparing with clinically applied protein biomarkers.

Results:
All plasma samples before surgery showed somatic genetic variations resembling corresponding tumor tissues. During follow-up, SNVs and CNVs dynamically changed correlating to patients' tumor burden. We integrated the comprehensive ctDNA mutation profiles to provide a robust strategy to accurately assess patients' tumor burden with high consistence comparing with imaging results. This strategy could discover tumor occurrence in advance of imaging for an average of 4.6 months, and showed superior performance than serum biomarkers AFP, AFP-L3%, and Des-Gamma-Carboxy Prothrombin (DCP). Furthermore, our strategy could precisely detect minimal residual disease (MRD) in advance and predict patients' prognostic outcomes for both relapse-free survival (P = 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.001); further combining ctDNA with DCP could increase the sensitivity for MRD detection.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that plasma CNV and SNV levels dynamically correlated with patients' tumor burden in HCC. Our strategy of comprehensive mutation profile integration could accurately and better evaluate patients' prognostic risk and detect tumor occurrence in advance than traditional strategies.
Role of Chemotherapy, VEGFR Inhibitors, and mTOR Inhibitors in Advanced Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors (PEComas)
Authors: Sanfilippo Roberta , Jones Robin L. , Blay Jean-Yves , Le Cesne Axel , Provenzano Salvatore , Antoniou Georgios , Mir Olivier , Fucà Giovanni , Fumagalli Elena , Bertulli Rossella , Stacchiotti Silvia , Brahmi Mehdi , Grosso Federica , Dufresne Armelle , Hindi Nadia , Sbaraglia Marta , Gronchi Alessandro , Collini Paola , Dei Tos Angelo P. , Casali Paolo G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Perivascular epitheliod cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms for which the role of systemic treatments is not established as there are no published prospective clinical trials or sufficiently large retrospective case series. The aim of this study is to clarify the activity of conventional chemotherapy and biological agents in advanced/metastatic PEComas.

Experimental Design:
This was an observational, retrospective, international study that included patients with advanced/metastatic PEComa treated with systemic therapy at 5 European sarcoma reference centers and within the Italian Rare Cancer Network. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox hazards regression models.

Results:
A total of 53 patients were included. Cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens were active only in a small proportion of PEComas. Gemcitabine-based regimens [objective response rate (ORR): 20%, median progression-free survival (PFS): 3.4 months] seemed to have the same activity of anthracycline-based regimens (ORR: 13%, median PFS: 3.2 months). Antiangiogenic agents resulted in disease stabilization in some patients, with a number having density changes/tissue response on imaging, with an ORR of 8.3% and a median PFS of 5.4 months. mTOR inhibitors were the most active agents, with an ORR of 41% and a median PFS of 9 months.

Conclusions:
Our study provides data for the selection of systemic therapy in patients with advanced/metastatic PEComa: mTOR inhibitors are the most active agents. Antiangiogenics and chemotherapy with gemcitabine-based regimens or anthracycline-based regimens are options in further line, but with a lower response rate and PFS.
Interferon Signaling Is Diminished with Age and Is Associated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sceneay Jaclyn , Goreczny Gregory J. , Wilson Kristin , Morrow Sara , DeCristo Molly J. , Ubellacker Jessalyn M. , Qin Yuanbo , Laszewski Tyler , Stover Daniel G. , Barrera Victor , Hutchinson John N. , Freedman Rachel A. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , McAllister Sandra S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, which targets T cell–inhibitory receptors, has revolutionized cancer treatment. Among the breast cancer subtypes, evaluation of ICB has been of greatest interest in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to its immunogenicity, as evidenced by the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and elevated PD-L1 expression relative to other subtypes. TNBC incidence is equally distributed across the age spectrum, affecting 10% to 15% of women in all age groups. Here we report that increased immune dysfunction with age limits ICB efficacy in aged TNBC-bearing mice. The tumor microenvironment in both aged mice and patients with TNBC shows decreased IFN signaling and antigen presentation, suggesting failed innate immune activation with age. Triggering innate immune priming with a STING agonist restored response to ICB in aged mice. Our data implicate age-related immune dysfunction as a mechanism of ICB resistance in mice and suggest potential prognostic utility of assessing IFN-related genes in patients with TNBC receiving ICB therapy.

Significance:
These data demonstrate for the first time that age determines the T cell–inflamed phenotype in TNBC and affects response to ICB in mice. Evaluating IFN-related genes from tumor genomic data may aid identification of patients for whom combination therapy including an IFN pathway activator with ICB may be required.
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Crohn’s Disease Patients with Depression Exhibit Alterations in Monocyte/Macrophage Phenotype and Increased Proinflammatory Cytokine Production
Authors: Tang Yu , Zhao Li , Lei Na , Chen Pingrun , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Crohn’s disease (CD) is strongly associated with depression, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. Recently, neuroimmunological studies have demonstrated that proinflammatory monocytes/macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. The present study investigates monocyte/macrophage phenotypes and plasma cytokine levels in CD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eligible CD patients were divided into nondepressed and depressed groups according to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for depression (HADS-D). The Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI), the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD), and the Global Histological Disease Activity Score (GHAS) were compared between the 2 groups. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify the expression of CD68, inducible nitic oxide synthase (iNOS), and CD163 in colon mucosa. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay was used to detect plasma levels of M1 macrophage-secreted cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, ­interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-1β) and M2 cytokines (transforming growth factor [TGF]-β1, IL-10, C-C motif chemokine ligand 22, [CCL22]). Flow cytometry was utilized to determine peripheral blood monocyte subsets. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Depressed CD patients (<i>n</i> = 91) presented higher HBI, ­SES-CD, GHAS than the nondepressed patients (<i>n</i> = 42). Intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and nonclassical monocytes (CD14+CD16++) percentages, integrated optical density (IOD) of iNOS+ cells representing M1 macrophages, and plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β were increased while ­classical monocyte (CD14++CD16–) percentage, IOD of CD163+ cells representing M2 macrophages, and IL-10 plasma levels were decreased in depressed versus nondepressed CD patients. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β correlated with HADS-D scores. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Monocytes subpopulation disequilibrium toward intermediate and nonclassic phenotypes and macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype with increased proinflammatory cytokine release are more likely to be found in CD patients with depressive symptoms.