bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal enzymatic diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases using cultured amniotic cells, uncultured chorionic villus samples, and fetal blood cells: Hacettepe experience
Authors: Unal Canan , Ozkara Hatice Asuman , Tanacan Atakan , Fadiloglu Erdem , Lay Incilay , Topçu Meral , Cakar Ayse Nur , Beksac Mehmet Sinan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the results of prenatal enzymatic diagnostic studies for detecting lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) during 1992 to 2018.MethodsPregnancies subjected to “prenatal enzymatic diagnosis of LSDs” during 1992 to 2018 were retrospectively evaluated in terms of invasive prenatal tests, type of LSDs, and obstetric outcomes.ResultsA total of 142 pregnancies were evaluated for various types of LSDs of which 30, 103, and 9 cases were subjected to amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and fetal blood sampling, respectively. Retrospective analysis of prenatal diagnosis revealed that LSDs affected 33% (47/142) of the fetuses. Sandhoff disease (28%), Tay‐Sachs disease (27%), and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) (20%) were the most frequent LSDs among the evaluated cases with two false negatives, one each for Tay‐Sachs disease and MLD.ConclusionEnzymatic prenatal diagnoses of certain LSDs may serve as a primary intervention point for families with index cases of infantile or late infantile types of LSDs, since they are associated with poor outcomes, including mortality. In addition, enzyme studies alone may also be feasible for populations with increased risk of molecular heterogeneity, novel mutations, and low‐income settings where genetic analysis is inaccessible.
Development of an algorithm to detect methotrexate wrong frequency error using computerized health care data
Authors: Herrinton Lisa J. , Woodworth Tiffany S. , Eworuke Efe , Amsden Laura B. , Liu Liyan , Wyeth Jo , Petrone Andrew , Menzin Talia J. , Williams James , Goldfien Robert , Nguyen Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeWe validated an algorithm to detect frequency errors in computerized healthcare data and estimated the incidence of these errors in an integrated healthcare system.MethodsWe applied Sentinel System analytic tools on the electronic health records of Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, January 1, 2010, through May 30, 2015,to identify rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with new use of methotrexate (365‐day baseline period). We identified potential methotrexate frequency errors using ICD‐9 code 995.20 (adverse drug event), Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 96409 for injection of leucovorin and prescription refill patterns. We performed chart review to confirm the frequency errors, assessed performance for detecting frequency errors, and estimated the incidence of chart‐confirmed errors.ResultsThe study included 24,529 methotrexate dispensings among 3,668 RA patients. Among these, 722 (3%) had one dispensing and 23,807 (97.1%) had ≥2 dispensings during 1‐year follow‐up period. We flagged 653 (2.7%) with a potential medication error (46 with one dispensing and 607 with ≥2 dispensings). We sampled 94 for chart review, and confirmed three methotrexate errors. All three confirmed frequency errors involved a first methotrexate dispensing followed by injected rescue therapy, leucovorin, (positive predictive value, 60%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15‐95%). No potential errors were found among patients with ≥2 dispensings. We estimated the frequency error incidence among one methotrexate dispensing to be 0.4% (95%CI, 0.1% to 1.2%).ConclusionRescue therapy is a specific indicator of methotrexate overdose among first methotrexate dispensings. This method is generalizable to other medications with serious adverse events treated with antidotes.
Importance of Initial Complete Parenteral Iron Repletion on Hemoglobin Level Normalization and Health Care Resource Utilization: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: LaVallee Chris , Cronin Patrick , Bansal Isha , Kwong Winghan Jacqueline , Boccia Ralph 
Published: August 2019

Study ObjectiveIron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia, and parenteral iron therapy is necessary in select patients. The objective of this analysis was to assess the impact of initial complete parenteral iron repletion on serum hemoglobin (Hgb) level normalization and on health care resource utilization in real‐world practice.DesignRetrospective observational study.Data SourceDecision Resources Group Real‐World Data Repository (United States databases).PatientsA total of 2966 patients who had a baseline Hgb level below normal (< 12 g/dl for females and < 13.5 g/dl for males) and were treated with parenteral iron between March 2015 and February 2017.Measurements and Main ResultsThe effect of receiving the required parenteral iron dose to replete the deficit, calculated by a modified Ganzoni formula, within 3 weeks of the first parenteral iron therapy claim (index date) on the likelihood of Hgb level normalization, was estimated by using logistic regression. All analyses were adjusted for sex, age, comorbidities, and use of prescription oral iron therapy. The adjusted mean numbers of all‐cause inpatient admissions, outpatient visits, and emergency department (ED) visits within 6 months and 1 year after the index date were compared between patients with and without normalized Hgb levels by using negative binomial regression. Of the 2966 included patients, 33.9% received the required iron dose within 3 weeks of the index date, and 19.6%, 48.2%, and 53.9% had a normalized Hgb level within 8 weeks of the index date, within 1 year of the index date, and until the end of data availability, respectively. Patients who received the required iron dose within 3 weeks of the index date were significantly more likely to have a normalized Hgb level within 8 weeks of the index date and at any time during the study period than those who did not: adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) 2.67 (2.20, 3.24) and 2.33 (1.96, 2.77), respectively. Hgb level normalization within 1 year of the index date was associated with fewer inpatient admissions and outpatient visits and a similar number of ED visits compared with no Hgb level normalization 1 year after the index date.ConclusionThe results of these analyses underscore the importance of initial complete parenteral iron repletion for rapidly improving clinical outcomes. Prompt achievement of a normalized Hgb level may also provide an opportunity to reduce health care resource utilization in patients with iron deficiency anemia receiving parenteral iron therapy.
The psychosexual impact of testing positive for high‐risk cervical human papillomavirus (HPV): A systematic review
Authors: Bennett Kirsty F. , Waller Jo , Ryan Mairead , Bailey Julia V. , Marlow Laura A.V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesMany countries are implementing human papillomavirus (HPV)‐based cervical screening due to the higher sensitivity of the test compared with cytology. As HPV is sexually transmitted, there may be psychosexual consequences of testing positive for the virus. We aimed to review the literature exploring the psychosexual impact of testing positive for high‐risk cervical HPV.MethodsMEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched with no date limits. We also searched the grey literature, reference lists of included articles and carried out forward citation searching. Eligible studies reported at least one psychosexual outcome among HPV‐positive women. Qualitative and quantitative papers were included. We extracted data using a standardised form and carried out a quality assessment for each article. We conducted a narrative synthesis for quantitative studies and a thematic synthesis for qualitative studies.ResultsTwenty‐five articles were included. Quantitative study designs were diverse making it difficult to determine the impact that an HPV positive result would have in the context of routine screening. The qualitative literature suggested that psychosexual concerns cover a broad range of aspects relating to women's current and past relationships, both interpersonal and sexual.ConclusionsThe psychosexual impact of testing positive for high‐risk cervical HPV is unclear. This review highlights the need for further research in the context of HPV‐based cervical screening. As primary HPV testing is introduced more widely, it is important to understand women's responses to testing HPV positive in the cancer screening context to minimise any adverse psychosexual impact.
Mixture probabilistic model for precipitation ensemble forecasting
Authors: Wu Yajing , Yang Xuebing , Zhang Wensheng , Kuang Qiuming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStatistical post‐processing approaches are widely employed to construct improved probabilistic meteorological forecasts from numerical weather prediction. However, generating calibrated and sharp probabilistic forecasts is challenging. In this article, a post‐processing approach, Mixture Probabilistic Model (MPM), is proposed to calibrate probabilistic ensemble forecasts subject to sharpness. In particular, the proposed MPM is applied to precipitation forecasting. First, the Censored and Shifted Gamma (CSG0) distribution is considered as the probability density function (PDF) for precipitation. Then, the predictive PDF of MPM is mixed by the individual PDFs which are fitted from raw ensemble members. Finally, to estimate optimal weight parameters for the mixture of individual PDFs, the Dirichlet distribution is utilized and the skills of the mixture model and individuals are both taken into consideration. The proposed MPM was tested using Innsbruck ensemble precipitation data and 6 h accumulated precipitation ensemble forecast data in east China from August to November 2017. Compared with raw forecasts and three state‐of‐the‐art post‐processing approaches, MPM showed improved performance for all verification scores. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of results in both cases indicate the potential and effectiveness of MPM for precipitation ensemble forecasting.
In vitro spermatogenesis in two‐dimensionally spread mouse testis tissues
Authors: Komeya Mitsuru , Yamanaka Hiroyuki , Sanjo Hiroyuki , Yao Masahiro , Nakamura Hiroko , Kimura Hiroshi , Fujii Teruo , Sato Takuya , Ogawa Takehiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeMouse in vitro spermatogenesis is possible with classical organ culture methods, by placing the testis tissue at the interphase between culture medium and air. In this condition, however, a tissue piece tends to round up to be compact, whose central region suffers from shortage of nutrients and oxygen. In this study, the authors improved the culture condition by spreading each tissue thin and flat, by which they were able to get better access to the oxygen and nutrients.MethodsImmature mouse testis tissues placed on agarose gel block were forced to spread flat by covering with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ceiling chip (PC chip). They were then cultured for weeks and evaluated by the transgene expression of Acr‐Gfp, which reflects the progression of spermatogenesis.ResultsTestis tissues covered with PC chip initiated and maintained spermatogenesis in its wider region than those without PC chip covering. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the PC method yielded more numerous meiotic germ cells than those without PC. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed the authentic histological figure of spermatogenesis from spermatogonia up to round or elongating spermatids.ConclusionsThe PC chip method is simple and effective to improve the efficiency of in vitro spermatogenesis in the organ culture system.
The entrepreneurial process: Evidence from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Bennett Victor M. , Chatterji Aaron K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryScholars have traditionally characterized the variation in firm performance as determined by conditions after entry, where the entry decision is a one‐shot binary choice determined by cost–benefit analysis. However, recent theoretical work has posited that the entry decision is an outcome of a learning process and that the information acquired during the pre‐entry period shapes subsequent performance dynamics. We provide the first systematic data on the pre‐entry period using a nationally representative survey. We document the activities that prospective entrants undertake, finding variation according to opportunity costs, prior experience, and confidence levels. Our results suggest the pre‐entry period is shaped by a series of choices by prospective entrants as they contemplate entry, further exploration, or ending the entrepreneurial process.Managerial SummaryWe created and implemented a nationally representative survey on the entrepreneurial activities of Americans. Several interesting findings emerged. First, approximately a third of Americans report having had a business idea in the past 5 years, motivated in the vast majority of cases by lifestyle concerns rather than the pursuit of significant business opportunities. Fewer than half of those who considered starting a business take even the lowest cost steps, like searching the Internet for potential competitors or speaking with a friend. Our findings reveal an entrepreneurial process which involves a significant pre‐entry period where prospective entrepreneurs seek to acquire information about the quality of their idea, perform administrative tasks to prepare for launch and encounter frictions that impede their progress.
1D Carbon‐Based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Shi Changwei , Owusu Kwadwo Asare , Xu Xiaoming , Zhu Ting , Zhang Guobin , Yang Wei , Mai Liqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage (EES) devices have attracted immense research interests as an effective technology for utilizing renewable energy. 1D carbon‐based nanostructures are recognized as highly promising materials for EES application, combining the advantages of functional 1D nanostructures and carbon nanomaterials. Here, the recent advances of 1D carbon‐based nanomaterials for electrochemical storage devices are considered. First, the different categories of 1D carbon‐based nanocomposites, namely, 1D carbon‐embedded, carbon‐coated, carbon‐encapsulated, and carbon‐supported nanostructures, and the different synthesis methods are described. Next, the practical applications and optimization effects in electrochemical energy storage devices including Li‐ion batteries, Na‐ion batteries, Li–S batteries, and supercapacitors are presented. After that, the advanced in situ detection techniques that can be used to investigate the fundamental mechanisms and predict optimization of 1D carbon‐based nanocomposites are discussed. Finally, an outlook for the development trend of 1D carbon‐based nanocomposites for EES is provided.
Enhanced In Vivo Delivery of Stem Cells using Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds
Authors: Koh Jaekyung , Griffin Donald R. , Archang Maani M. , Feng An‐Chieh , Horn Thomas , Margolis Michael , Zalazar David , Segura Tatiana , Scumpia Philip O. , Di Carlo Dino 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDelivery to the proper tissue compartment is a major obstacle hampering the potential of cellular therapeutics for medical conditions. Delivery of cells within biomaterials may improve localization, but traditional and newer void‐forming hydrogels must be made in advance with cells being added into the scaffold during the manufacturing process. Injectable, in situ cross‐linking microporous scaffolds are recently developed that demonstrate a remarkable ability to provide a matrix for cellular proliferation and growth in vitro in three dimensions. The ability of these scaffolds to deliver cells in vivo is currently unknown. Herein, it is shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be co‐injected locally with microparticle scaffolds assembled in situ immediately following injection. MSC delivery within a microporous scaffold enhances MSC retention subcutaneously when compared to cell delivery alone or delivery within traditional in situ cross‐linked nanoporous hydrogels. After two weeks, endothelial cells forming blood vessels are recruited to the scaffold and cells retaining the MSC marker CD29 remain viable within the scaffold. These findings highlight the utility of this approach in achieving localized delivery of stem cells through an injectable porous matrix while limiting obstacles of introducing cells within the scaffold manufacturing process.
A crosswalk pedestrian recognition system by using deep learning and zebra‐crossing recognition techniques
Authors: Dow Chyi‐Ren , Ngo Huu‐Huy , Lee Liang‐Hsuan , Lai Po‐Yu , Wang Kuan‐Chieh , Bui Van‐Tung 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPedestrian detection is essential for improving pedestrian safety in an intelligent traffic system. The efficiency of the system is affected by real‐time processing and the error rate of detection. These concerns have not been completely addressed in previous studies. Therefore, this study proposes a real‐time pedestrian recognition system that ensures high accuracy by using a deep learning classifier and zebra‐crossing recognition techniques. The proposed system was designed to improve pedestrian safety and reduce accidents at intersections. Environmental feature vectors were first used to detect zebra crossings and to determine crossing areas. An adaptive mapping technique was then used to map the pedestrian waiting area based on the crossing area. A dual camera mechanism was used to maintain detection accuracy and improve system fault tolerance. Finally, the you‐only‐look‐once model was used to recognize pedestrians at intersections. A system prototype was implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. The results revealed that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional histogram of oriented gradients and Haarcascade schemes.
Survival and Habitat of Yellow‐Phase American Eels in North Carolina Tidal Creeks
Authors: Rudershausen Paul J. , M. Lee Laura , Lombardo Steven M. , Merrell Jeffery H. , Buckel Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe estimated rates of survival as well as effects of habitat on catch rates of juvenile yellow‐phase American Eels Anguilla rostrata in southeastern U.S. tidal creeks. We trapped and marked eels with PIT tags at 24 fixed sites in eight North Carolina tidal creeks and then recaptured and resighted the tagged individuals to estimate apparent survival. Separate Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) models were fitted to mark–recapture data (eight creeks) versus mark–resight data (four creeks) to estimate apparent survival. Median annual apparent survival (Φ) was higher when the CJS model was fitted to mark–resight data (Φ = 0.15) than to mark–recapture data (Φ = 0.013). Negative binomially distributed models were fitted to catch rates of both tagged and untagged eels to test for habitat, development, and seasonal effects. The presence/absence of culverts and season were meaningful covariates of catch rates; greater catches were found at sites possessing culverts and during the spring. Other habitat and development factors at the site, creek, and watershed levels were not important covariates of catch rates. Partitioning the sources of loss of yellow‐phase American Eels from these systems into mortality versus emigration would be useful future research in the southeastern U.S. coastal region. Further study into how culverts affect yellow‐phase American Eel habitation and movement in southeastern U.S. estuaries is also warranted.
Students Become Comic Book Author‐Illustrators: Composing With Words and Images in a Fourth‐Grade Comics Writers’ Workshop
Authors: Reid Stephanie F. , Moses Lindsey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe authors detail how one fourth‐grade teacher implemented a comics writers’ workshop in the weeks that concluded the academic school year. Each phase of the comics writers’ workshop is described. Students interpreted and analyzed the words, images, and design features that compose published comics before constructing and publishing their own multimodal comics text. The authors show that multimodal literacies instruction recognizes the multiple ways in which students can represent and communicate their thinking, and they argue that multimodal literacies instruction should occur throughout the curriculum across the school year.
Mathematical modeling of gas transport in porous geological media with contrast of properties and irregular distribution of pores
Authors: Savatorova Viktoria , Talonov Aleksei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, we perform multiscale modeling of gas transport through the geological media having irregular pore structure and contrast of properties on different spatial scales. We assume that the medium consists of inorganic matrix with organic inclusions imbedded into it. There exist a contrast of properties and spatial scales between the matrix and organic inclusions. The pore sizes vary from micro to nanometers, permeability and diffusivity can differ by several orders of magnitude. We consider filtration and molecular diffusion as mechanisms for free gas transport in both inorganic and organic materials, and surface diffusion as the main mechanism for sorbed gas transport through nanoporous organic inclusions. The irregularities of porous structure we characterize by their deviations from the periodic distribution. We implement multiscale homogenization together with an averaging with respect to random deviations of distribution of pores to derive the macroscopic equation for evaluating the free gas amount in‐place. It turns out that macroscale parameters characterizing gas transport depend on diffusivity, permeability, and porosity of the components of the system, the amount of inclusions and their spatial distribution. We determine the distribution of gas concentration through the production time and investigate its sensitivity to irregularities of pores distribution. We are also interested in the effect of bottom‐hole pressure and study how depletion can be affected by the interchange of gas between kerogen inclusions and inorganic material.
Systemic understanding of Lactococcus lactis response to acid stress using transcriptomics approaches
Authors: Zhu Zhengming , Yang Peishan , Wu Zhimeng , Zhang Juan , Du Guocheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
During fermentation, acid stress caused by the accumulation of acidic metabolites seriously affects the metabolic activity and production capacity of microbial cells. To elucidate the acid stress-tolerance mechanisms of microbial cells, we performed genome mutagenesis combined with high-throughput technologies to screen acid stress-tolerant strains. Mutant strain Lactococcus lactis WH101 showed a 16,000-fold higher survival rate than that of the parent strain after 5 h of acid shock at pH 4.0 and maintained higher ATP, NH4+, and intracellular pH (pHi) levels during acid stress. Additionally, comparative transcriptomics analysis revealed enhanced regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and sugar transport to provide additional energy, amino acid metabolism and transport to maintain pHi homeostasis and ATP generation, and fatty acid metabolism to enhance cellular acid tolerance. Moreover, overexpression of identified components resulted in 12.6- and 12.9-fold higher survival rates after acid shock for 3 h at pH 4.0 in L. lactis (ArcB) and L. lactis (MalQ) compared to the control strain, respectively. These findings provide valuable insight into the acid stress-response mechanisms of L. lactis and promote the further development of robust industrial strains.