bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Functions of Patterned 2D Materials for Micro–Nano Devices Covering GHz, THz, and Optical Frequency
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Xi‐Xi , Cao Wen‐Qiang , Yuan Jie , Cao Mao‐Sheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract2D materials strongly drive the development of micro–nano devices, and patterned structures based on such crystals bring new opportunities. The advanced fabrication techniques of patterned 2D materials and the analysis of their electronic structures, and physical properties to provide access to diverse applications are discussed. Special attention is given to the hotspot electromagnetic functions and devices based on patterned 2D materials, including photodetectors, optoelectronic switches, modulators, polarization converters, gratings, as well as electromagnetic wave attenuation devices. Finally, a systematical outlook on the development of patterned 2D materials in micro–nano devices is presented, pointing out the current problems and exploring the most promising directions in the future.
Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Halides with Aryl Grignard Reagents Using a Tetrachloroferrate with an Innocent Countercation
Authors: Hashimoto Toru , Maruyama Tsubasa , Yamaguchi Takamichi , Matsubara Yutaka , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium tetrachloroferrate, (PPN)[FeCl4] (1), was evaluated as a catalyst for cross‐coupling reactions. 1 exhibits high stability toward air and moisture and is an effective catalyst for the reaction of secondary alkyl halides with aryl Grignard reagents. The PPN cation is considered as an innocent counterpart to the iron center. We have developed an easy‐to‐handle iron catalyst for “ligand‐free” cross‐coupling reactions.magnified image
Toward Automated Enzymatic Glycan Synthesis in a Compartmented Flow Microreactor System
Authors: Heinzler Raphael , Fischöder Thomas , Elling Lothar , Franzreb Matthias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImmobilized microfluidic enzyme reactors (IMER) are of particular interest for automation of enzyme cascade reactions. Within an IMER, substrates are converted by paralleled immobilized enzyme modules and intermediate products are transported for further conversion by subsequent enzyme modules. By optimizing substrate conversion in the spatially separated enzyme modules purification of intermediate products is not necessary, thus shortening process time and increasing space‐time yields. The IMER enables the development of efficient enzyme cascades by combining compatible enzymatic reactions in different arrangements under optimal conditions and the possibility of a cost‐benefit analysis prior to scale‐up. These features are of special interest for automation of enzymatic glycan synthesis. We here demonstrate a compartmented flow microreactor system using six magnetic enzyme beads (MEBs) for the synthesis of the non‐sulfated human natural killer cell‐1 (HNK‐1) glycan epitope. MEBs are assembled to build compartmented enzyme modules, consisting of enzyme cascades for the synthesis of uridine 5′‐ diphospho‐α‐ d‐galactose (UDP‐Gal) and uridine 5′‐diphospho‐α‐d‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcA), the donor substrates for the Leloir glycosyltransferases β4‐galactosyltransferase and β3‐glucuronosyltransferase, respectively. Glycan synthesis was realized in an automated microreactor system by a cascade of individual enzyme module compartments each performing under optimal conditions. The products were analyzed inline by an MS‐system connected to the microreactor. The high synthesis yield of 96% for the non‐sulfated HNK‐1 glycan epitope indicates the excellent performance of the automated enzyme module cascade. Furthermore, combinations of other MEBs for nucleotide sugars synthesis with MEBs of glycosyltransferases have the potential for a fully automated and programmed glycan synthesis in a compartmented flow microreactor system.magnified image
Probiotics Ameliorate Colon Epithelial Injury Induced by Ambient Ultrafine Particles Exposure
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Sun Hao , Li Bin , Zhang Xinwei , Cui Jian , Yun Jun , Yang Yiping , Zhang Li'e , Meng Qingtao , Wu Shenshen , Duan Junchao , Yang Hongbao , Wu Jiong , Sun Zhiwei , Zou Yunfeng , Chen Rui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are common airborne ultrafine particles (UFPs); however, few studies have examined their effects on the gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the interaction of gut microbiota and DEPs‐induced colonic injury, adult C57BL/6 mice are kept in whole‐body inhalation chambers and exposed to filtered room air (FRA) or DEPs (300 µg m−3) 1 h per day for 28 consecutive days. DEPs exposure results in colon epithelial injury with inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus depletion. Abundance of Lactobacillus in murine feces is transiently increased following 7‐day DEPs exposure and then decreased until the end of 28‐day exposure. A reduction of the colonic mucus layer thickness is observed in mice receiving gut microbiota from DEPs‐exposed mice. Mechanistically, RNA‐sequencing suggests disruption of the nitrogen metabolism pathway in DEPs‐exposed NCM460 cells. Upregulation of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) expression levels is observed in epithelia following DEPs exposure both in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of probiotics protects the mice against DEPS‐induced colon epithelial injury. The results strongly suggest the involvement of gut microbiota in response to DEPs exposure and subsequently epithelial injury in vivo. Supplementation with probiotic may be a potential way to protect against UFPs‐induced colon epithelial injury.
Ultralow Voltage Driving Circuits Based on Coplanar a‐InGaZnO TFTs with Photopatternable Ionic Polymer Gate Dielectric
Authors: Lee Dayoon , Kim Yongchan , Kim So Young , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Hojin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCoplanar amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐InGaZnO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with photopatternable ionic polymer gate dielectrics are fabricated and their inverter/shift register circuits are demonstrated. As a gate dielectric, ionic‐polyurethane acrylate (i‐PUA) can be patterned as small as 20 µm through conventional photolithography to achieve superior electrical properties at low operating voltages by the electric double layer formation, inducing ultrahigh channel capacitance. The fabricated solution‐processed a‐InGaZnO TFT with the i‐PUA gate dielectric shows excellent electrical characteristics such as a field‐effect mobility of 11.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, on–off ratio exceeding 107, and low threshold voltage of 0.3 V. It is also confirmed that the inverter and shift register can be fabricated based on the proposed coplanar a‐InGaZnO TFTs and are successfully functional even at 60 Hz operating frequency with driving voltage levels below 3 V.
Impact of Fullerene on the Photophysics of Ternary Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Karuthedath Safakath , Firdaus Yuliar , Liang Ru‐Ze , Gorenflot Julien , Beaujuge Pierre M. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Laquai Frédéric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTernary organic solar cells (OSCs) are among the best‐performing organic photovoltaic devices to date, largely due to the recent development of nonfullerene acceptors. However, fullerene molecules still play an important role in ternary OSC systems, since, for reasons not well understood, they often improve the device performance, despite their lack of absorption. Here, the photophysics of a prototypical ternary small‐molecule OSC blend composed of the donor DR3, the nonfullerene acceptor ICC6, and the fullerene derivative PC71BM is studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. Surprisingly, it is found that after excitation of PC71BM, ultrafast singlet energy transfer to ICC6 competes efficiently with charge transfer. Subsequently, singlets on ICC6 undergo hole transfer to DR3, resulting in free charge generation. Interestingly, PC71BM improves indirectly the electron mobility of the ternary blend, while electrons reside predominantly in ICC6 domains as indicated by fast spectroscopy. The improved mobility facilitates charge carrier extraction, in turn leading to higher device efficiencies of the ternary compared to binary solar cells. Using the (photo)physical parameters obtained from (transient) spectroscopy and charge transport measurements, the device's current–voltage characteristics are simulated and it is demonstrated that the parameters accurately reproduce the experimentally measured device performance.
Stoichiometry identification of pharmaceutical reactions using the constrained dynamic response surface methodology
Authors: Dong Yachao , Georgakis Christos , Mustakis Jason , Hawkins Joel M. , Han Lu , Wang Ke , McMullen Jonathan P. , Grosser Shane T. , Stone Kevin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dynamic response surface methodology (DRSM) estimates an input–output for time‐resolved measurements from design of experiments data sets. The improved DRSM algorithm, denoted by DRSM‐2c, has been recently presented by Dong et al. In this paper, we examine the identification of the underlying reaction stoichiometry. Given a number of stoichiometries proposed as candidates, we show how the use of DRSM enhances the ability of target factor analysis (TFA) to identify the reaction stoichiometries active in the mixture, using both the parallel approach and the sequential approach. Besides a projection score, we introduce statistical tests in the use of TFA to better identify the correct stoichiometries. Based on different data sets provided by industrial collaborators, we show that the improved DRSM algorithm is helpful for the stoichiometric identification.
Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of 2‐Aryl Chromenes
Authors: Yang Qingjing , Guo Rui , Wang Jun (Joelle) 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChiral chromene motifs are important heterocycles in numerous natural products and bioactive molecules. Among them, flavenes, flavanes, and flavanones, which consist of the 2‐aryl‐chromene skeleton are observed most frequently. As subgroups of flavonoids, they often occur in various plants and show many biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties. This Minireview summarizes recent reports on catalytic asymmetric synthesis of flavenes, flavanes, and flavanones.
A new series of Schiff base derivatives bearing 1,2,3‐triazole: Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and α‐glucosidase inhibition
Authors: Nasli‐Esfahani Ensieh , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Rezaei Sepideh , Sarrafi Yaghoub , Sharafi Zeinab , Samadi Nasser , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Bandarian Fatemeh , Hamedifar Haleh , Larijani Bagher , Hajimiri Mirhamed , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of new Schiff bases bearing 1,2,3‐triazole 12a‒o was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as α‐glucosidase inhibitors. All the synthesized compounds showed promising inhibition against α‐glucosidase and were more potent than the standard drug acarbose. The kinetic study on the most potent compound 12n showed that this compound acted as a competitive α‐glucosidase inhibitor. The docking study revealed that the synthesized compounds interacted with the important residues in the active site of α‐glucosidase.
Polystyrene‐Supported Core–Shell Beads with Aluminium MOF Coating for Extraction of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Ching , Pal Souvik , Li Fang‐Yu , Lin Chia‐Her 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAluminium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) coatings on polystyrene bead surfaces were easily synthesized by reacting an intermediate metal hydroxide coating with an organic linker. Several different sizes of polystyrene beads were coated with aluminium metal hydroxide to construct Al@PS core–shell bead materials. The activated Al@PS core–shell beads were involved to make a homogenous MOF‐based layer in the presence of the organic linker. By using different sizes of the PS support the size of MOFs on the PS composites could be fine‐tuned under specific reaction conditions. MOF‐coated core–shell bead materials (Al‐1,4‐NDC@PS and MIL‐53(Al)@PS) were characterized using various analytical techniques. Al‐1,4‐NDC@PS and MIL‐53(Al)@PS were evaluated for solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) of hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hydrophilic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), respectively. Al‐1,4‐NDC@PS‐1000 displayed high extraction recoveries ranging from 79.2 % to 99.8 % in the SPME of PAHs. Meanwhile, MIL‐53(Al)@PS‐1000 showed 85.9–99.0 % extraction recoveries in the SPME of NSAIDs. These results show that the proposed approach holds potential to extract organic analytes on an industrial scale.
Recent Advances in Aerosol‐Assisted Spray Processes for the Design and Fabrication of Nanostructured Metal Chalcogenides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Jin Koo , Jeong Sun Young , Lim Sae Hoon , Oh Jang Hyeok , Park Seung‐Keun , Cho Jung Sang , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreasing demand for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), one of the most feasible alternatives to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), has resulted because of their high energy density, low cost, and excellent cycling stability. Consequently, the design and fabrication of suitable electrode materials that govern the overall performance of SIBs are important. Aerosol‐assisted spray processes have gained recent prominence as feasible, scalable, and cost‐effective methods for preparing electrode materials. Herein, recent advances in aerosol‐assisted spray processes for the fabrication of nanostructured metal chalcogenides (e.g., metal sulfides, selenides, and tellurides) for SIBs, with a focus on improving the electrochemical performance of metal chalcogenides, are summarized. Finally, the improvements, limitations, and direction of future research into aerosol‐assisted spray processes for the fabrication of various electrode materials are presented.
Heterometallic 3d–4f Complexes as Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Dey Atanu , Acharya Joydev , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeterometallic 3d‐4f complexes are being investigated, for some time, as being useful in molecular magnetism, particularly as single‐molecule magnets (SMMs). This interest is primarily because of the possibility of an increased ligand‐mediated super‐exchange phenomenon between the 3d and 4f metal ions. Such an interaction, apart from bestowing a favorable ground‐state spin to the complex, also assists in reducing quantum tunneling of magnetization that is widely prevalent in SMMs making them to lose magnetization. However, assembling both 3d as well as 4f ions using same ligand system is challenging and involves the design of multi‐site coordination ligands with specific coordination compartments for the 3d and the 4f metal ions while at the same time allowing these disparate metal ions to be linked to each other through a bridging ligating atom. This review presents a summary of the 3d‐4f complexes primarily derived from the author's work while alluding to important examples from the literature. We also provide an outlook for the future design of such complexes.
Algebraic method of simplifying Boolean networks using semi‐tensor product of Matrices
Authors: Yan Yongyi , Yue Jumei , Chen Zengqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe huge state space of large Boolean networks makes analysis and synthesis difficult. This paper, using a new matrix analysis tool called semi‐tensor product of matrices, to explain a simplification method of Boolean networks in a mathematical manner. The idea consists of two steps. First, remove the nodes whose logical dynamics are independent of themselves directly; second, use the logical functions (LFs) of the removed nodes to substitute for their corresponding variables in the LFs of other nodes; such nodes evolve directly with both themselves and the removed nodes. We discover that the simplified and original Boolean networks share some important topological structures such as attractor cycles, steady states and paths. An algebraic algorithm is provided to find all of the cycles and steady states of simplified Boolean networks. Finally we apply the results to the metastatic melanoma network to check the effect of the simplification method.
Probing the optical properties and luminescence mechanism of a UV‐emitting SrBPO5:Ce3+ phosphor
Authors: Panda Sitakanta , Vinodkumar P. , Madhusoodanan U. , Panigrahi B.S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCe‐doped (1 × 10−5 to 3.0 mol%) SrBPO5 phosphors were synthesized using a conventional solid‐state reaction route at 1273 K in an air atmosphere. Phase and morphology of the samples were studied from powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs, respectively. The band gap energies of the pure and Ce‐doped SrBPO5 phosphors were calculated from the recorded diffuse reflectance spectra. Photoluminescence (PL) and Ce3+ lifetime were recorded at 300 and 77 K. Photoluminescence lifetime measurements revealed two‐lifetime values for Ce3+ at both 300 K (17 and 36 nsec) and 77 K (12 and 30 nsec), suggesting the presence of two different environments around Ce3+. Time‐resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) studies confirmed the presence of Ce3+ in two different environments. In addition, SrBPO5:Ce exhibited intense UV emission, signifying its possible use as an efficient sensitizer for solid‐state lighting applications. The effect of γ‐irradiation on PL was also determined. Thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) glow curves of the γ‐irradiated phosphor, along with trap parameters, dose–response, and the possible TSL mechanism were also investigated. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was carried out to probe defects present in undoped and Ce‐doped SrBPO5.
Targeted sequencing of cancer‐related genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma identifies mutations in the TGF‐β pathway
Authors: Chung An‐Ko , OuYang Chun‐Nan , Liu Hsuan , Chao Mei , Luo Ji‐Dung , Lee Cheng‐Yang , Lu Yen‐Jung , Chung I‐Che , Chen Lih‐Chyang , Wu Shao‐Min , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Chang Kai‐Ping , Hsu Cheng‐Lung , Li Hsin‐Pai , Chang Yu‐Sun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApproximately, 25% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients develop recurrent disease. NPC may involve relatively few genomic alterations compared to other cancers due to its association with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). We envisioned that in‐depth sequencing of tumor tissues might provide new insights into the genetic alterations of this cancer. Thirty‐three NPC paired tumor/adjacent normal or peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were deep‐sequenced (>1000×) with respect to a panel of 409 cancer‐related genes. Newly identified mutations and its correlation with clinical outcomes were evaluated. Profiling of somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNV) in NPC tumors identified alterations in RTK/RAS/PI3K, NOTCH, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle, NF‐κB, and TGF‐β pathways. In addition, patients harbored CNV among 409 cancer‐related genes and missense mutations in TGF‐β/SMAD signaling were associated with poor overall survival and poor recurrence‐free survival, respectively. The CNV events were correlated with plasma EBV copies, while mutations in TGFBR2 and SMAD4 abrogate SMAD‐dependent TGF‐β signaling. Functional analysis revealed that the new TGFBR2 kinase domain mutants were incapable of transducing the signal, leading to failure of phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and activation of downstream TGF‐β‐mediated cell growth arrest. This study provides evidence supporting CNV and dysregulated TGF‐β signaling contributes to exacerbating the NPC pathogenesis.
Psoralen attenuates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting myofibroblast activation and collagen deposition
Authors: Du Ming‐Yuan , Duan Jia‐Xi , Zhang Chen‐Yu , Yang Hui‐Hui , Guan Xin‐Xin , Zhong Wen‐Jing , Liu Yan‐Zhe , Li Zi‐Ming , Cheng Yu‐Rui , Zhou Yong , Guan Cha‐Xiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and chronic inflammation with limited therapeutic options. Psoralen, a major active component extracted from Psoralea corylifolia L. seed, has several biological effects. However, the role of psoralen in IPF is still unclear. Here, we hypothesized that psoralen played an essential role in IPF in the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and inflammatory response. A murine model of IPF was established by injecting bleomycin (BLM) intratracheally, and psoralen was administered for 14 days from the 7th to 21st day after BLM injection. Our results demonstrated that psoralen treatment reduced body weight loss and improved the survival rate of mice with IPF. Histological and immunofluorescent examination showed that psoralen alleviated BLM‐induced lung parenchymal inflammatory and fibrotic alteration. Furthermore, psoralen inhibited proliferation and collagen synthesis of mouse fibroblasts and partially reversed BLM‐induced expression of α‐smooth muscle actin at both the tissue and cell level. Moreover, psoralen decreased the expression of transforming growth factor‐β1, interleukin‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the lungs of BLM‐stimulated mice. Our results reveale for the first time that psoralen exerts therapeutic effects against IPF in a BLM‐induced murine model.
Systematic review of alternative access for cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention: Dorsal distal radial and ulnar artery catheterization
Authors: Kar Subrata 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe femoral and radial arteries are the standard access routes for cardiac catheterization. In cases where the right radial artery has been previously utilized or is not suitable for repeat procedures, the left dorsal distal radial artery (anatomical snuff box) or the ulnar artery may be an alternative access site. In this systematic review, alternative access sites are described along with the techniques of cannulation, technical considerations, ultrasound imaging, clinical studies, and their complications. As we routinely perform more radial procedures, increased complications will arise, so it becomes important to gain expertise in alternative access for future coronary interventions. Such a systematic review has not been previously published so it will enhance the reader's knowledge of alternative access.
Lymphocytic gastritis in a patient with dyspepsia
Authors: Collins Katrina , Rezuke William N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLymphocytic gastritis (LG) is uncommon and presents histologically with a nonspecific inflammatory pattern. It is most often associated with celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori gastritis and is rarely associated with other conditions including lymphoma. LG is of clinical importance since its recognition should prompt further clinical evaluation for other disorders.
Enhancing Ligand‐Free Fe‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Alkynes by ZrF4
Authors: Huang Zijun , Dong Yanan , Li Yudong , Makha Mohamed , Li Yuehui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractZirconium fluoride was utilized to promote efficiently iron‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation between alkynes and amines without the use of extra ligands. In particular, this new system is applicable to a wide range of amine and alkyne substrates affording α,β‐unsaturated amides in good to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal the activation model involving interactions of ZF4 with both iron catalyst and amine substrates.