bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Salutogenic Perspective on Critical Care Nurse’s Experiences of Supervising Nurses Without Training in Intensive Care: To Comprehend, Manage, and Feel Meaning During a Crisis
Authors: Fredholm A. , Nordin A. , Andersson M. , Engström Å. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Using the COVID‐19 pandemic as an example of a national and international crisis, it has been possible to show how critical care nurses (CCNs) were affected by their work situation with impact on health and wellbeing. This study sought out to investigate how CCNs stress was affected and to provide some answers as to how to react and organize care in a future crisis. The specific focus was CCNs’ stressors related supervision of nurses untrained in intensive care and how these were handled in a salutogenic perspective.Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze CCNs’ experiences of supervision of nurses without training in intensive care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and to analyze these experiences with the help of the salutogenic concept sense of coherence.Materials and Methods: The phenomena under study were explored during the years of 2021–2022 through in‐depth interviews and interpreted using deductive content analysis.Results: By analyzing CCNs experiences of supervising nurses without training in intensive care with the lens of sense of coherence, it was possible to show in what way these concepts influenced how to cope with the demanding situation. Sense of coherence was influenced by the inevitable prioritization of patient care and nursing interventions. This prioritization caused moral distress, but was also enhanced or decreased by CCNs sense of coherence.Conclusion: When recruiting and introducing new personnel in a future crisis to any field of healthcare, but particularly to the intensive care, we would, on the basis of these findings, suggest that well‐established plans are vital for how to move personnel throughout the organization, and for how to introduce the field of intensive care. Plans for how to model care with the help of RNs without specialist training should be put in place. A communication plan for the organization is also of importance to enhance transparency.
Combined Effect of Air Pollution and Genetic Risk on Incident Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Rhee Tae‐Min , Ji Yunmi , Yang Seokhun , Lee Heesun , Park Jun‐Bean , Kim Hyung‐Kwan , Kim Yong‐Jin , Kim Juyong Brian , Won Sungho , Lee Seung‐Pyo 
Published: November 2024

Background
Whether genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) enhances the vulnerability to adverse cardiovascular outcomes by air pollution is unknown. We assessed the combined effect of air pollution and genetic predispositions on CVD risk.

Methods and Results

From the UK Biobank cohort, we selected genetically unrelated White British participants without CVD. Levels of ambient particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM
2.5
) and <10 μm were estimated using land use regression models. An individual's genetic predisposition to CVDs was determined by polygenic risk scores for coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. We stratified mortality and CVD risk by PM
2.5
exposure across high and low genetic risk groups. A total of 249 082 participants (aged 56.9±8.0 years, 46.8% men) were followed for a median of 10.8 years. The combined effect of PM
2.5
exposure and the genetic predisposition of CVD demonstrated the highest risk of cardiovascular death in the high genetic risk group with the greatest PM
2.5
exposure (adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.73 to 2.12 across the polygenic risk score of each CVD). The combination of higher exposure to ambient PM
2.5
and high genetic risk was associated with higher incidence of all CVDs, although no significant interactions were observed between genetic risk and PM
2.5
exposure on cardiovascular death or CVD events.

Conclusions

A combination of greater PM
2.5
exposure and higher genetic predisposition to particular CVDs was modestly associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular death and CVDs. Not only alleviating PM
2.5
exposure in the general population but also implementing individualized preventive approach for those at high genetic risk might be beneficial.
Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule 2 Inhibits Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Regulating the MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhong Huaping , Wu Minyu , Xie Heping , Chen Xu , Li Jiayi , Duan Zhisheng , Chen Hong , Liu Ziyou , Liao Wei , Chen Yijian 
Published: November 2024

Background
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy stands as a pivotal mechanism contributing to diverse cardiovascular diseases, ultimately leading to heart failure. Despite its clinical significance, the intricate molecular mechanisms instigating pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain inadequately understood. In this study, we aim to further reveal its complex pathogenesis by exploring the role of Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2) in modulating pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods and Results

We used phenylephrine‐induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and also generated cardiac‐specific knockout mice and adeno‐associated virus serotype 9‐Faim2 mice to evaluate the function of FAIM2 in pathological myocardial hypertrophy. Furthermore, unbiased RNA‐sequencing analysis was used to identify the direct target and corresponding molecular events contributing to FAIM2 function. Ultimately, our study revealed a downregulation of FAIM2 expression in phenylephrine‐induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and pressure overload–induced hypertrophic hearts. FAIM2 exhibited a significant attenuation of phenylephrine‐induced enlargement of primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, whereas FAIM2 knockdown aggravated the hypertrophic response. Furthermore,
Faim2
gene knockout significantly exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and heart fibrosis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations unveiled that FAIM2 exerts its inhibitory effect by suppressing TAK1‐JNK1/2‐p38 MAPK signaling cascades, thereby mitigating cardiac hypertrophy.

Conclusions
Our findings position FAIM2 as a novel negative regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy through its inhibitory action on mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling activation. This identification of FAIM2's role provides crucial insights that may pave the way for the development of effective therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating pathological cardiac hypertrophy, addressing a critical need in cardiovascular disease management.
Two‐Stage Recruitment Design to Reduce Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening Cost for a Theoretical Clinical Trial of White Matter Hyperintensity Progression
Authors: Egle Marco , Johri Mohini , Power Melinda C. , Deal Jennifer A. , Jack Clifford R. , Sullivan Kevin J. , Mosley Thomas H. , Gottesman Rebecca F. 
Published: November 2024

Background
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and their progression are associated with risk of dementia and stroke, so are an important target for clinical trials. The cost of broad magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening to identify eligible individuals, however, limits the feasibility of designing clinical trials targeting WMH. A low‐cost retinal or clinical screening measure before MRI could reduce recruitment costs versus an MRI‐only screening design in a hypothetical clinical trial.

Methods and Results

Data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with valid retinal and WMH measurements (
N
=1311) were used. To identify a population at greater likelihood of significant WMH on MRI and thus reduce the number of screening MRIs required, we evaluated 3 theoretical prescreening measures: (1) retinal, (2) clinical, (3) combined clinical‐retinal. Given a target sample for clinical trials (
N
=646), we calculated screening sample sizes based on the proportion within the population having an elevated score for each prescreening measure (separately) multiplied by the proportion of significant WMH among those with that prescreening feature. Recruitment costs were calculated using estimated retinal and MRI cost estimates. Compared with the estimated cost of MRI‐only screening (>$4.24 million, requiring MRI on 6526 participants), prescreening for a high clinical score resulted in total cost of $2.47 million, with an initial screening group of 52 778 participants, with MRI in 3801. A high clinical‐retinal score cutoff resulted in costs of $2.9 million while requiring 13 572 participants, with 3801 completing MRI.

Conclusions
A 2‐stage design with low‐cost prescreening measures is a promising approach, resulting in reduced theoretical recruitment costs compared with an MRI‐only design.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants in STAREE: A Randomized Trial for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Events and Prolongation of Disability‐Free Survival in Older People
Authors: Zoungas Sophia , Moran Chris , Curtis Andrea J. , Spark Simone , Flanagan Zachary , Beilin Lawrence , Chong Trevor T.‐J. , Cloud Geoffrey C. , Hopper Ingrid , Kost Alissia , McNeil John J. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Reid Christopher M. , Ryan Joanne , Tonkin Andrew M. , Ward Stephanie , Wierzbicki Anthony S. , Wolfe Rory , Zhou Zhen , Nelson Mark R. ,   the STAREE investigator group
Published: November 2024

Background
The risk–benefit balance of statin use in healthy older people is uncertain. We describe the baseline characteristics of the STAREE (Statins in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial, which is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial among community‐dwelling older people; the trial evaluated the effect of atorvastatin 40 mg for the prevention of major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke), and on disability‐free survival (survival free of both dementia and persistent physical disability).

Methods and Results
STAREE enrolled people aged ≥70 years from 1583 general practices across Australia with no history of clinical cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or dementia. Baseline data collected included demographic, clinical, cognitive (Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination), psychological (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale), lifestyle, medical, physical, blood and urine measures, and quality of life. Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants were then compared with publicly available landmark statin trials. A total of 9971 participants were recruited (mean±SD age 74.7±4.5 years, 4023 (40%) ≥75 years, 52% women) between July 2015 and March 2023. The mean low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was 3.27 mmol/L (SD=0.72; 126 mg/dL). Hypertension was reported by 43% of participants and the mean blood pressure was 136/80 mm Hg. Compared with previous landmark statin trials that included primary prevention cohorts, STAREE is unique in including such a large number of older (≥75 years) independent‐living people.

Conclusions
STAREE is the largest primary prevention trial of statins powered to address the important clinical outcomes of major cardiovascular events, disability‐free survival, and cognition in older people.

Registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02099123.
Clinical Outcomes According to Aortic Stenosis Management: Insights From Real‐World Practice
Authors: Coisne Augustin , Montaigne David , Aghezzaf Samy , Ninni Sandro , Lemesle Gilles , Sudre Arnaud , Lamblin Nicolas , Modine Thomas , Vincentelli André , Juthier Francis , Leon Martin B. , Granada Juan F. , Bauters Christophe 
Published: November 2024

Background
Real‐world data regarding clinical outcomes according to aortic stenosis (AS) management are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate long‐term management across the spectrum of outpatients with AS.

Methods and Results
Between May 2016 and December 2017, consecutive outpatients with mild (peak aortic velocity, 2.5–2.9 m/s), moderate (3–3.9 m/s), and severe AS (≥4 m/s) were included by 117 cardiologists in the VALVENOR (Follow‐Up of a Cohort of Patients With Valvular Aortic Stenosis in the Nord‐pas‐de‐Calais Region) study and followed‐up for aortic valve replacement (AVR) and modes of death. Among 2704 patients included, 1156 (42.7%) had mild, 1121 (41.5%) moderate, and 427 (15.8%) severe AS. After a median follow‐up of 5 years, 993 AVRs (488 surgical and 505 transcatheter) and 1098 deaths occurred. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of AVR or of the composite of death or AVR was 13.3% and 45.2% in mild AS, 45.5% and 75.3% in moderate AS, and 62.8% and 90.6% in severe AS, respectively. Of the 292 patients who met the criteria for AVR but were not treated, AVR was considered futile in 137 patients and 155 patients refused AVR. Mortality rates after 3 years were high: 86% for anticipated futility and 72.3% for refusal. While patients at anticipated futility showed a well‐balanced proportion of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths, cardiovascular deaths predominated among those who refused AVR.

Conclusions
At 5‐year follow‐up, only two thirds of patients with severe AS underwent AVR. Patients with untreated severe AS experienced high mortality rates, mostly cardiovascular for patients who declined AVR. This advocates for better patient education based on shared decision making and for optimizing AS quality of care, from diagnosis to treatment.
Litigating the Climate between National and International Human Rights Regimes
Authors: Pane Giorgia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper identifies the architecture of the justiciability of the right to a healthy environment, analysing the contribution of national and international regimes in climate litigation. It argues that neither the former nor the latter alone can currently offer a fully implementable set of remedies to the catastrophic consequences of environmental degradation. In all the cases, collectiveness is a parameter that needs to be taken into consideration, and which is shaping the way most of successful environmental claims are framed. This calls for a reflection on what courts can contribute, and maybe also if they should contribute at all, in the absence of explicit political will in the form of a specific binding treaty. It is concluded that through the interaction between domestic and international courts we can envisage a full coverage of the rights involved.
The Obligation to Cooperate to Protect Against Serious Breaches of the European and American Conventions on Human Rights
Authors: Berkes Antal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses the obligation of States to co-operate as a duty that stems from two different areas of international law. First, States are obliged to co-operate under the law of State responsibility, the aim of co-operation within this framework being to bring to an end serious breaches of peremptory norms. The second area is international human rights law and, in particular, the European (ECHR) and the American Conventions on Human Rights (ACHR), as these instruments have been interpreted by the respective regional human rights courts to encompass a procedural obligation for States to co-operate with a view to protect human rights. The paper asks whether the obligation to cooperate, as constructed by the two regional human rights courts, has any overlap with the obligation to cooperate under the law of State responsibility, and, if yes, whether it can and does cross-fertilise the interpretation of the latter. The analysis of the relevant case law provides two affirmative answers. First, there is common space between the obligations to cooperate under the law of State responsibility, the ECHR, and the ACHR. Second, analysis also identifies certain features in the relevant human rights case law that enrich the obligation to co-operate under the law of State responsibility. These features are the effectiveness in the protection of the most fundamental norms and interpretation of the duty to cooperate through systemic integration. Systemic integration is necessary to concretise the conduct States are expected to develop as the obligation to cooperate refers to a rather open list of relevant rules of international law applicable to that State.
Progress of rehabilitation in assisted living for mentally ill according to STAX-SA taxonomy
Authors: Jahangiri Erfan , Viljakainen Matti , Silvennoinen Ann-Sofie , Ketola Joel , Hakko Helinä , Riipinen Pirkko , Räsänen Sami 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The transition from institutional psychiatric care to community-based mental health services has resulted in the rapid development of assisted living services (AL) for mentally ill. Focus of the current study is to add internationally comparable evidence-based knowledge on the rehabilitation of AL residents by examining progression and mortality in relation to the level of service provided in AL units. Methods: This study utilized data gathered from a longitudinal study conducted in Finland during the years 2020 to 2022. A total of 340 health- and social care records of residents in AL services were examined over a 3-year study period. Progression (changes in AL service level) and mortality of AL residents were explored through the level of service provided in AL units, by applying the Simple Taxonomy for Supported Accommodation (STAX-SA). Progression was grouped into (1) progressed, (2) stable, and (3) regressed. Results: During the 3-year study period progression was examined for 95.3% ( n = 324) of the AL residents of which 18.8% progressed into less supported AL, 79.3% remained stable and 1.9% regressed into more supported AL. In the entire population ( n = 340) mortality was 4.7%. Conclusion: AL residents progressed into less supported AL services rarely although they had similarities in clinical characteristics. This might indicate that the development of AL services has evolved into a more custodial type rather than rehabilitation. Progress of rehabilitation in AL services should be investigated further by examining AL resident characteristics in relation to the level of service and level of support provided in AL services.
Energy distribution in 1D chains of foam disks subjected to low-velocity impact at different temperatures
Authors: Reddy M Vikranth , Matos Helio , Shukla Arun , Rousseau Carl-Ernst 
Published: November 2024

A series of experiments is conducted to study energy transfer in a chain of foam disks as a function of temperature. These experiments use two different densities of closed-cell Polyvinyl Chloride foams as an array. A puncture testing machine impacts the chain at a velocity of 1 m/s at five different temperatures. Piezoelectric sensors capture the output and input forces of the chain during the impact, while high-speed cameras record the disk deformations. The chain’s energy retention is computed using disk deformations and loading forces. Results indicate that high-density foam chains exhibit significantly higher force and energy retention than low-density counterparts. Notably, the foam’s stiffness decreases with rising temperature, more prominently in higher-density foam. However, the proportion of energy retained by the chains remains relatively consistent across different temperatures. Additionally, both foam types show a pattern of exponential decay in energy retention along the chain. These insights offer implications for designing and optimizing energy-absorbing foam systems, paving the way for enhanced energy mitigation in low-velocity impact applications.
Learning stimulus for disengaged learners: Roles of outside participation
Authors: Rassameethes Bordin , Kiechle Benjamin , Phusavat Kongkiti , Pastuszak Zbigniew 
Published: November 2024

Background Learning contributes to adaptive performance needed in today’s business. A key challenge is workplace disengagement which can lead quiet quitting. Past studies indicate the compatibility when examining critical issues of learning in either a workplace or a classroom. Objective The case study examines the impacts on disengaged learners by outside participation. The business community’s participation focuses on providing continuous direct feedback and creating expectation (or subjective norms) at one upper secondary school where the feeling of disengagement has been prevalent. Methods The study’s construct adapts Theory of Planned Behavior and the Double-loop Learning Concept. The survey is completed by 171 current (Grade 12) and former students who have had two-year interactions with the business community from a group of 200 students. Statistical analysis is applied to examine the impacts on learning intention and behavior. Results The findings show the positive influence from direct feedback and subjective norms on intention to learn and attitude of disengaged learners which result in positive learning actions and behavior. Conclusions Dealing with disengagement should recognize consistency and continuity of feedback when involving outside participants. Feedback design to challenge the learners’ mindset and importance of subjective norm and informal learning are part of this consideration.
Efficacy and safety of percutaneous post-closure technique during the decannulation for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Wei Junchu , Lu Andong , Pan Chenliang , Wang Liangshan , Ma Juan , Bai Nan , Dong Kang , Zhao Jing , Bai Ming 
Published: November 2024

Background In recent years, during the decannulation process for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), methods for suturing the femoral artery have included the pre- and post-closure techniques. The safety and efficacy of the pre-closure technique are widely recognised; however, reports on the post-closure technique are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the post-closure technique using ProGlide (Abbott Healthcare, Green Oaks, IL, USA) device during VA-ECMO decannulation. Methods We reviewed 170 patients who underwent VA-ECMO between January 2021 and June 2023. All patients had their femoral artery puncture sites closed using the post-closure technique upon decannulation. The success rate of this technique and incidence of lower limb complications were recorded and analysed. Result Technical success was achieved in 157 (92.4%) patients. Sixteen patients (9.4%) experienced lower limb-related complications, including 8 (4.7%) with lower limb arterial thrombosis and 11 (6.5%) with pseudo-aneurysms. Among all lower limb-related complications, four patients (2.4%) required interventional procedures. This study included 170 patients: 80 in the ‘S’ (15–16 F) group and 90 in the ‘M’ (17–19 F) group. In the univariate analysis of different arterial cannula sizes for in-hospital lower limb-related complications, the differences were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). The multivariate logistic model indicated that, compared to the S (15–16 F) group, the M (17–19 F) group was not associated with an increased rate of in-hospital lower limb-related complications. Conclusions The suture-mediated closure of the femoral artery during VA-ECMO decannulation is a promising therapeutic strategy.