bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is LEO ‘Orwellian'? Earnings, Willetts, OfS, Creative Arts, and the Cost of Higher Education
Authors: Ahlburg Dennis A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe cost of higher education to the taxpayer is determined in part by the choice of subject and institution made by students. The Augar report on higher education noted that there was an oversupply of ‘low value' courses and called on the government to ‘bear down on low value courses' and ‘target courses better aligned with the economy's needs'.1 Until recently there was no reliable data to identify such courses or the institutions supplying them. The Institute for Fiscal Studies has utilised recently available longitudinal education data on earnings, courses and institutions to rectify this deficiency. Many of the lowest earning courses are in the creative arts. Not everyone is happy with using earnings to measure the value of courses. This paper discusses the IFS estimates of graduate earnings and the public cost of higher education, as well as the criticisms of using earnings data to measure the value of courses and institutions.
Thermal Coursed Effect of Comprehensive Changes in the Flavor/Taste of Cynanchi wilfordii
Authors: Kim Da‐som , Lee Jookyeong Tracy , Hong Seong Jun , Cho Jin‐Ju , Shin Eui‐Cheol 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate alterations in volatile compounds and chemical components that may affect the sensory properties of Cynanchi wilfordii roasted at 120 °C and 180 °C for various durations of time (0 to 4 min). For volatile compound profiles, tridecane, tetradecane, and ethyl hexyl ether were detected as major compounds of the sample without roasting. As the roasting temperature increased, the types of volatile compounds increased, whereas the content decreased with an increase in heterocyclic compound generation. The sample roasted at 120 °C for 1 min showed a notably different profile pattern from the other roasted samples. For the sniffing test performed by trained panelists using gas chromatography olfactometry, naphthalene and nonanal, which induce spicy and raw C. wilfordii, respectively, were perceived most intensely throughout all the samples. In the electronic tongue analysis, the sample roasting at 180 °C showed an increased and decreased pattern in umami taste and saltiness, respectively, with increased roasting time. Electronic tongue analysis results showed that the sample roasted at 180 °C for 4 min would have the best sensory preference. Along with the volatile compound profiles, the sample roasted at 120 °C for 1 min had more sourness than the other samples, and would potentially have distinctive sensory characteristics. This study should provide baseline data on variations in the sensory properties and industrial applications of C. wilfordii upon roasting.Practical ApplicationVarious applications of food ingredients through changes in sensory characteristics by roasting will provide consumers more options for food selections. Accordingly, this study will be utilized by (1) individuals and food companies who are interested in functional foods, (2) individuals and food industries that seek optimum roasting conditions for proper sensory characteristics of foods, and (3) farmers and crop producers who seek for utilization the applications of Cynanchi wilfordii as a food ingredient.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity and risk of ulcerative colitis: A case‐control study
Authors: Rahmani Jamal , Kord‐Varkaneh Hamed , Ryan Paul M. , Rashvand Samaneh , Clark Cain , Day Andrew S. , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveData on the association between the antioxidant capacity of a diet and the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce. This study aimed to assess whether a relationship exists between dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the odds of UC in Iranian adults.MethodsIn this case‐control study, patients with UC and age‐matched healthy controls were recruited from a hospital clinic. All participants completed a validated 168‐item food frequency questionnaire, the results of which were subsequently used to generate dietary TAC. Ferric reducing‐antioxidant power values were used to calculate dietary TAC.ResultsAltogether 62 patients with UC and 124 healthy controls were enrolled. UC patients had a higher calorific intake (P < 0.01), and consumed more monounsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.01), vitamin B9 (P < 0.01) and calcium (P = 0.02) compared with healthy controls, while the control group had a higher vitamin C intake than the participants with UC (P < 0.01). In a fully adjusted model, participants who were in the highest quartile of dietary TAC had a lower risk of UC (odds ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.01‐0.73).ConclusionsA higher dietary TAC score was associated with lower odds of UC in this case‐control study. Further elucidation of the role of key dietary elements is now warranted.
Characterization of Rhodopseudomonas palustris population dynamics on tobacco phyllosphere and induction of plant resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus
Authors: Su Pin , Zhang Deyong , Zhang Zhuo , Chen Ang , Hamid Muhammad Rizwan , Li Chenggang , Du Jiao , Cheng Ju'e , Tan Xinqiu , Zhen Limin , Zhai Zhongying , Tang Wen , Chen Jin , Zhou Xuguo , Liu Yong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryAlthough many biocontrol bacteria can be used to improve plant tolerance to stresses and to promote plant growth, the hostile environmental conditions on plant phyllosphere and the limited knowledge on bacterial colonization on plant phyllosphere minimized the beneficial effects produced by the biocontrol bacteria. Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain GJ‐22 is known as a phyllosphere biocontrol agent. In this paper, we described detailed processes of strain GJ‐22 colony establishment at various colonization stages. Four different types of bacterial colonies, Type 1, scattered single cells; Type 2, small cell clusters; Type 3, small cell aggregates; and Type 4, large cell aggregates, were observed in the course of bacterial colonization. We categorized bacterial colonization into four phases, which were, Phase I: bacterial colony exists as Type 1 and cell population reduced quickly; Phase II: Type 1 evolved into Type 2 and cell population remained steady; Phase III: Type 3 arose and replaced Type 2, and cell population expanded slowly; and Phase IV: Type 3 matured into Type 4 and cell population increased quickly. We have shown that the preferable location sites of bacterial aggregates on leaf phyllosphere are grooves between plant epidermal cells. Analyses of expressions of plant defence‐related genes showed that, starting from Phase III, bacterial cells in the Type 3 and Type 4 colonies produced unidentified signals to induce host defence against Tobacco mosaic virus infection. In addition, we determined the crucial role of aggregates formation of GJ‐22 cell on plant phyllosphere in terms of bacterial cell stress tolerance and ISR (induced systemic resistance) priming. To our knowledge, this is the first report focused on the colonization process of a phyllosphere biocontrol agent and gave a clear description on the morphological shift of bacterial colony on phyllosphere.
Adrenal collision tumour comprised of adrenocortical carcinoma and myelolipoma in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Pakalniskis Marius G , Ishigami Kousei , Pakalniskis Brittany L , Fujita Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2019

SummaryAdrenal myelolipoma is a benign tumour characterized by the presence of macroscopic fat. Further workup is not necessary if a diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma is obtained via imaging. We report the first case of adrenal collision tumour comprised of adrenocortical carcinoma and myelolipoma in a patient with bilateral myelolipomas and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Computed tomography showed a large right adrenal mass consisting of two different components: soft tissue with peripheral heterogeneous enhancement and macroscopic fat. Imaging findings reflected features of both adrenocortical carcinoma and myelolipoma. Although this entity is rare, collision tumour containing an adrenocortical carcinoma component should be suspected if portions of an adrenal mass partially consist of peripheral heterogeneous enhancement.
Invasiveness and surgical timing evaluation by clinical features of ground‐glass opacity nodules in lung cancers
Authors: Chen Pai‐Hsi , Chang Kuo‐Ming , Tseng Wei‐Chi , Chen Chien‐Hung , Chao Jui‐I 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe early stages of lung cancer with ground‐glass opacity (GGO) pattern are detectable. However, it remains a challenge for physicians how best to treat GGO nodules as invasive tumors are occasionally found, even in pure GGO nodules. This study identified the invasiveness by the clinical features of the GGO nodules.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with resected GGO nodules from August 2015 to February 2019 was performed. A total of 92 patients were enrolled and gender, age, tumor location, operation times, tumor size, histopathologic and radiological findings were analyzed.ResultsIn this study, the sequential of GGO nodules invasiveness was significantly related to the tumor size and solid component. After regrouping the population into preinvasive and invasive groups, the invasiveness was significantly related to tumor size, solid component, tumor volume and maximal computed tomography (CT) value.ConclusionsThe invasiveness is difficult to evaluate according to the CT features only when the GGO nodules are less than 2 cm and consolidation/tumor ratio (C/T ratio) are less than 0.25. Tumor size and solid component are significant factors for predicting invasiveness. Part‐solid GGO nodules with a diameter greater than 1 cm require surgical consideration due to their high risk of invasiveness.
GOTIT: A laboratory application software for optimizing multi‐criteria species‐based research
Authors: Malard Florian , Grison Philippe , Duchemin Louis , Konecny‐Dupré Lara , Lefébure Tristan , Saclier Nathanaëlle , Eme David , Martin Chloé , Callou Cécile , Douady Christophe J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Storing, managing and sharing the ever‐increasing amount of species occurrence data and biological vouchers is a cornerstone of biodiversity science. The convergence of morphology‐ and DNA‐based methods for species delimitation has accentuated the need for optimizing laboratory workflow by generating new analytical processes, diversifying taxonomic reference systems and identification protocols and multiplying vouchers. Yet, laboratory information management systems dedicated to multi‐criteria species‐based research are rare or they have not been made openly available to biodiversity professionals.

We developed GOTIT (Gene Occurrence and Taxa in Integrative Taxonomy), a database structure and web application for optimizing productivity at various steps of a laboratory's workflow including research project design, sampling gap analysis, sampling planning, species identification, DNA sequencing, information sharing and contributing data to global biodiversity facilities. GOTIT manages the different steps of a species‐occurrence data production process from sampling to sequencing, the storage of specimen lots, slides and DNA extracts and their assignment to morphology‐based and DNA‐based species hypotheses. The application also accommodates species occurrence data and DNA sequence metadata from external sources and the bibliographic referencing of information.

GOTIT is designed to optimize research activities on the diversity and evolution of species which have a strong geographic component, such as biogeography and phylogeography. A key feature of GOTIT is the ability to assign multiple species hypotheses based on morphology and molecular delimitation methods to the same set of specimens. This integrative taxonomic approach allows to explore how different aspects of speciation, such as morphological distinguishability and genetic isolation, vary in strength relative to each other across taxa and geographic regions. Another key feature is traceability which promotes repeatability and minimizes duplicate work among multiple users. Any species data refer to a set of localities, sampling methods, biological vouchers, analytical protocols and delimitation methods that can be traced.

The application is free and open‐source with extensive documentation and demo version. Developers can reuse the source code or develop new add‐ons to fulfill a laboratory's specific requirements although the application can be used as such to manage species occurrence data for a wide range of taxa.
Differential selection pressure exerted by root rot disease on the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of avocado (Persea americana Mill.)
Authors: Shu Bo , Liu Liqin , Wei Yongzan , Zhang Dejian , Shi Shengyou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the high economic impact of root rot disease, knowledge regarding the rhizosphere microflora of avocado trees affected by root rot is limited. Metagenomics was applied to identify the difference in the rhizosphere microflora of avocado trees with and without visible symptoms of root rot. Approximately, 446,970 common gene catalogues differed between them, confirming that root rot affected the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere. The proportion of bacterial genera, namely, Labilithrix, Sorangium, Sandaracinus and Pedosphaera showed a decrease while Phenylobacterium, Rhizomicrobium, Candidatus Solibacter and Silvibacterium genera were increased by root rot. The proportion of fungal genera, namely, Pseudogymnoascus, Moelleriella, Mortierella, Lepidopterella, Babjeviella, Lachancea, Macrophomina, Pneumocystis, Sugiyamaella and Cyphellophora showed an increase while Cryptococcus, Verticillium, Bipolaris, Pyrenochaeta, Rhizophagus, Cenococcum and Neonectria genera were inhibited by root rot. Moreover, the proportion of the top 10 bacteria in the rhizosphere of symptomatic trees was significantly higher, and that of the top 10 fungi was significantly lower, compared to the asymptomatic trees. Principal component analysis based on abundance analysis and function prediction showed that in symptomatic trees, the bacterial community was more concentrated, while the fungal community was more dispersed. The differences in the responses of bacterial and fungal genera suggested that the pathogenic fungi exert varying selection pressure on the microflora. Moreover, root rot affected the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids in bacteria, and the global and overview maps, carbon metabolism and processing of genetic and environmental information in fungi, which might result in differential selection pressure.
Factors influencing reversion from virus infection in sweetpotato
Authors: Ssamula Alexander , Okiror Anthony , Avrahami‐Moyal Liat , Tam Yehudit , Gaba Victor , Gibson Richard W. , Gal‐On Amit , Mukasa Settumba B. , Wasswa Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractViruses limit sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) production worldwide. Many sweetpotato landraces in East Africa are, however, largely virus‐free. Moreover, some plants infected by the prevalent Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) may be able to revert to virus‐free status. In this study, we analysed reversion from SPFMV, Sweet potato virus C, Sweet potato mild mottle virus, Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and Sweet potato leaf curl Uganda virus using the indicator plant I. setosa and PCR/reverse‐transcriptase PCR. We also investigated environmental factors (temperature and soil nutrients) that may influence reversion from virus infection. We tested reversion in the East African cultivars New Kawogo, NASPOT 1 and NASPOT 11, and the United States cultivars Resisto and Beauregard. Reverted plants were asymptomatic and virus was undetectable in assayed parts of the plant. After graft inoculation, only the East African cultivars mostly reverted at a high rate and from most viruses though cultivar Beauregard fully reverted following sap inoculation with Sweet potato virus C. None of the tested cultivars fully reverted from single or double infections involving SPCSV, and reversion was only observed in co‐infections involving potyviruses. Root sprouts derived from SPFMV‐reverted plants were also virus free. Reversion generally increased with increasing temperature and by improved soil nutrition. Overall, these results indicate variation in reversion by cultivar and that the natural ability of sweetpotato plants to revert from viruses is malleable, which has implications for both breeding and virus control.
Resistance of Postnatal Hippocampal Neurogenesis to Alcohol Toxicity in a Third Trimester‐Equivalent Mouse Model of Gestational Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Gustus Kymberly , Lozano Evelyn , Newville Jessie , Li Lu , Valenzuela Carlos Fernando , Cunningham Lee Anna 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe adult hippocampal dentate is comprised of both developmentally generated dentate granule cells (dDGCs) and adult‐generated dentate granule cells (aDGCs), which play distinct roles in hippocampal information processing and network function. EtOH exposure throughout gestation in mouse impairs the neurogenic response to enriched environment (EE) in adulthood, although the basal rate of adult neurogenesis under standard housing (SH) is unaffected. Here, we tested whether the production and/or survival of either dDGCs or aDGCs are selectively impaired following exposure of mice to EtOH vapors during early postnatal development (human third trimester‐equivalent), and whether this exposure paradigm leads to impairment of EE‐mediated dentate neurogenesis in adulthood.MethodsAll experiments were performed using NestinCreERT2:tdTomato bitransgenic mice, which harbor a tamoxifen‐inducible tdTomato (tdTom) reporter for indelible labeling of newborn hippocampal DGCs. We exposed all mice to EtOH vapor or room air (Control) for 4 h/d from postnatal day (PND) 3 through PND 15. This paradigm resulted in a mean daily postexposure blood EtOH concentration of ~160 mg/dl. One cohort of neonatal mice received a single injection of tamoxifen at PND 2 and was sacrificed at either PND 16 or PND 50 to assess the impact of EtOH exposure on the production and long‐term survival of dDGCs born during the early postnatal period. A second cohort of mice received daily injections of tamoxifen at PND 35 to 39 to label aDGCs and was exposed to SH or EE for 6 weeks prior to sacrifice.ResultsEarly postnatal EtOH exposure had no statistically significant effect on the production or survival of tdTom+ dDGCs, as assessed at PND 16 or PND 50. Early postnatal EtOH exposure also had no effect on the number of tdTom+ aDGCs under SH conditions. Furthermore, early postnatal EtOH exposure had no significant impact on the adult neurogenic response to EE.ConclusionsBoth early postnatal dentate neurogenesis and adult dentate neurogenesis, as well as the adult neurogenic response to EE, are surprisingly resistant to early postnatal EtOH vapor exposure in mice.
Alterations to DNA structure as a cause of expression modifications of selected genes of known intrauterine‐growth‐restriction‐association shared by chosen species — a review
Authors: Rutkowska Karolina , Lukaszewicz Marek 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe review aimed at searching for DNA structure markers of epigenetic modifications leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in three livestock species, mouse and human. IUGR affects mammals by harming their wellbeing and the profitability of breeding enterprises. Of the livestock species, we chose cow, pig and sheep owing to there being many reports on the epigenetics of IUGR. IUGR investigations in human and mouse are particularly numerous, as we are interested in our own wellbeing and the mouse is a model species. We decided to focus on five genes (Igf2r, Igf2, H19, Peg3 and Mest) of known IUGR association, reported in all of those species. Despite the abundance of papers on IUGR, naturally occurring mutations responsible for epigenetic modifications have been described only in human and cow. The effect of induced DNA structural modifications upon epigenetics has been described in mouse and pig. One paper regarding mouse was chosen from among those describing DNA modifications performed to obtain parthenogenetic progeny. Papers regarding pig parthenogenetic progeny described the epigenetics of genes involved in foetal development, with no interference with the genome structure. No reports on DNA modifications altering IUGR epigenetics in sheep were found. Only environmental effects were studied and we could not conclude from the experiment designs whether the gene setup could affect the expression of involved genes, as different populations were not included or not specified within particular experiments. Apparently, DNA markers of IUGR epigenetics exist. It has been reported that the small number of them, occurring naturally, may result from neglecting existing evidence of such selection or health status forecasting markers.
Identification of two TYRP1 loss‐of‐function alleles in Valais Red sheep
Authors: Paris J. M. , Letko A. , Häfliger I. M. , Ammann P. , Flury C. , Drögemüller C. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe Valais Red sheep breed is a local breed of the Swiss canton Valais. Although the breed is characterised by its brown colour, black animals occasionally occur and the objective of this study was to identify the causative genetic variants responsible for the obvious difference. A GWAS using high‐density SNP data to compare 51 brown and 38 black sheep showed a strong signal on chromosome 2 at the TYRP1 locus. Haplotype analyses revealed three different brown‐associated alleles. The WGS of three sheep revealed four protein‐changing variants within the TYRP1 gene. Three of these variants were associated with the recessively inherited brown coat colour. This includes the known missense variant TYRP1:c.869G>T designated as bSoay and two novel loss‐of‐function variants. We propose to designate the frame‐shift variant TYRP1:c.86_87delGA as bVS1 and the nonsense variant TYRP1:c.1066C>T as bVS2. Interestingly, the bVS1 allele occurs only in local breeds of Switzerland whereas the bVS2 allele seems to be more widespread across Europe.
Highlights and recent developments in airway diseases in EAACI journals (2018)
Authors: Bousquet Jean , Akdis Cezmi A. , Grattan Clive , Eigenmann Philippe A. , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Agache Ioana , Jutel Marek 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) supports three journals: Allergy, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, and Clinical and Translational Allergy. EAACI's major goals include supporting the promotion of health, in which the prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role, and disseminating the knowledge of allergic disease to all stakeholders. In 2018, the remarkable progress in the identification of basic mechanisms of allergic and respiratory diseases as well as the translation of these findings into clinical practice were observed. Last year's highlights include publication of EAACI guidelines for allergen immunotherapy, many EAACI Position Papers covering important aspects for the specialty, better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms, identification of biomarkers for disease prediction and progress monitoring, novel prevention and intervention studies, elucidation of mechanisms of multimorbidities, introduction of new drugs to the clinics, recently completed phase three clinical studies, and publication of a large number of allergen immunotherapy studies and meta‐analyses.