bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior and Survival of Stocked Trout in Southern Appalachian Mountain Streams
Authors: Flowers H. Jared , Kwak Thomas J. , Fischer Jesse R. , Cope W. Gregory , Rash Jacob M. , Besler Douglas A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStocking of trout to support recreational fisheries is a common practice among state and federal agencies to meet angling and harvest demands. Success of stocking efforts relies upon fish behavior and survival to maximize the availability of fish to anglers. We quantitatively described the movement behavior and survival of stocked Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in three southern Appalachian Mountain streams in western North Carolina, USA, that were managed under delayed harvest regulations. Hatchery trout were tagged with a combination of PIT tags and radio transmitters (radio tags); stocked into “Delayed Harvest Trout Waters” of the North Toe, East Prong Roaring, and Little rivers; and monitored during the catch‐and‐release season from October to June. Assessed according to river and species, 19–65% of trout emigrated from the delayed harvest study reaches, while 1–29% died within the reaches. The majority of radio‐tagged fish (71%; 59–85% by river) remained within 2 km of the stocking location, whereas 6% migrated over 10 km from the stocking location. Few trout stocked during fall (October and November) were available to anglers the following June due to a combination of migration and mortality. Emigration from delayed harvest study reaches was associated with stocking and high‐flow events. Multi‐state modeling detailed these observations with weekly estimates of migration and survival rates. River‐specific differences in emigration and mortality suggested that emigration was a greater source of trout loss than mortality in all rivers; no pattern related to river size was apparent in emigration, but mortality was greater in small streams. Brook Trout mortality rates were highest among the three species, and large fish of most species showed higher emigration and mortality than catchable‐sized trout. Fisheries managers can apply our results to alter stocking regimes so as to enhance the efficiency of stocking and the acclimation of stocked trout to instream environments.
Interventions supporting baccalaureate achievement of Latinx STEM students matriculating at 2‐year institutions: A systematic review
Authors: Martin Julie P. , Choe Nathan Hyungsok , Halter Jared , Foster Margaret , Froyd Jeffrey , Borrego Maura , Winterer Erica R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNumerous national reports have identified the importance of significantly improving pathways that begin with Latinx students enrolling in 2‐year institutions and ultimately completing baccalaureate degrees in STEM fields at 4‐year institutions. Many programs using multiple interventions have been designed, implemented, and studied to achieve this goal. To synthesize what has been learned from studies of these programs, this article presents a systematic review of published studies of programs designed to support Latinx student success in 2‐year institutions and successful transfer to 4‐year institutions, particularly for STEM majors. A total of 49 quantitative, 9 qualitative, and 16 mixed‐methods studies published as reports, articles, or dissertations since 1980 were identified that met the criteria for the review. Studies covered a wide range of interventions, including mentoring, counseling, advising, study groups, tutoring, scholarships, orientations, career services, undergraduate research, articulation agreements, and transfer programs. Individually, these studies report positive influences on student success outcomes, including 2‐ and 4‐year graduation, transfer to a 4‐year institution, retention, and success in individual courses. However, the number of qualifying studies was surprisingly small, considering the importance of improving success of Latinx students and the length of time during which the problem has been repeatedly emphasized. Few interventions have been undertaken from explicitly assets‐based perspectives or theoretical frameworks. The lack of explicit frameworks underlying interventions—combined with a sole/primary focus on students—suggests many interventions were approached from a deficit‐based perspective. Further, the study found no pattern of replication studies that might confirm effectiveness of potentially promising interventions. Based on our analysis of evaluations presented in the studies, it does not appear that the research community has developed agreed‐upon methods to evaluate commonly agreed‐upon outcomes. Finally, no intervention has been sufficiently supported that widespread implementation could be recommended.
Impact of model‐based science curriculum and instruction on elementary students' explanations for the hydrosphere
Authors: Baumfalk Ben , Bhattacharya Devarati , Vo Tina , Forbes Cory , Zangori Laura , Schwarz Christina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDeveloping scientific literacy about water systems is critical for K‐12 students. However, even with opportunities to build knowledge about the hydrosphere in elementary classrooms, early learners may struggle to understand the water cycle (Forbes et al., ; Gunckel et al., ; Zangori et al., ; Zangori et al., ). Scientific modeling affords opportunities for students to develop representations, make their ideas visible, and generate model‐based explanations for complex natural systems like the water cycle. This study describes a comprehensive evaluation of a 5‐year, design‐based research project focused on the development, implementation, revision, and testing of an enhanced, model‐centered version of the Full Option Science System (FOSS) Water (2005) unit in third grade classrooms. Here, we build upon our previous work (Forbes et al., a; b; Vo et al., ; Zangori et al., ; Zangori et al., ) by conducting a comparative analysis of student outcomes in two sets of classrooms: (1) one implementing the modeling‐enhanced version of the FOSS Water unit developed by the research team (n = 6), and 2) another using the standard, unmodified version of the same curricular unit (n = 5). Results demonstrate that teachers in both conditions implemented the two versions of the curriculum with relative fidelity. On average, students exposed to the modeling‐enhanced version of the curriculum showed greater gains in their model‐based explanations for the hydrosphere. Engagement in scientific modeling allowed students to articulate hydrologic phenomena by (1) identifying various elements that constitute the hydrosphere, (2) describing how these elements influenced the movement of water in the hydrosphere, and (3) demonstrating underlying processes that govern the movement of water in the hydrosphere.
Early career science teacher experiences of social bonds and emotion management
Authors: Bellocchi Alberto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh demand for suitably qualified, high‐quality science teachers is undermined by elevated teacher burnout/attrition rates within the early years of teaching. Effective emotion management can alleviate feelings of burnout and is also linked theoretically to sustaining positive social bonds. Scant attention has been directed at the importance of emotion management and social bonds in science education research. This study presents a methodology for studying emotion management and social bonds, delivering novel outcomes that elucidate how these two phenomena are interrelated. Video recordings of classroom interactions and reflective accounts in an early‐career science teacher's ninth grade class were analyzed through a combination of ethnomethodology and interpretive techniques. Situated actions that constitute emotion management at the classroom level impacted the status of bonds between the teacher and one of his students, ultimately leading to a breakdown in their relationship. Results of the study detail how social actions of numerous students and the teacher led to the co‐construction of emotion management and how this impacted social bonds. Theoretical and practical insights about the co‐constructed nature of emotion management and social bonds present novel perspectives that can help to avoid pathologizing the actions of individual students and teachers for sustaining positive social bonds. Implications for science teaching and teacher education are offered. Study outcomes extend previous perspectives on emotion management in science education, which treat emotion management as an individual cognitive phenomenon.
Alpinia oxyphylla Miq extract ameliorates cardiac fibrosis associated with D‐galactose induced aging in rats
Authors: Chang Yung‐Ming , Tamilselvi Shanmugam , Lin Hung‐Jen , Tsai Chin‐Chuan , Lin Yueh‐Min , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Chang Hsin‐Nung , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiological process observed during chronic and stress‐induced acceleration of cardiac aging. Fibrosis is a necessary process during wound healing and tissue repair. However, its deposition in organs would proceed to scarring and organ damage. Here Alpinate Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF), a Chinese medicine extract was used to protect aging heart from collagen accumulation. About 8 weeks old, male SD rats were randomly divided into (i) Control, (ii) D‐galactose induced aging (IA), (iii) IA + AOF 50 (AOF low, AL), (iv) IA + AOF 100 (AOF medium, AM), (v) IA + AOF 150 (AOF high, AH) mg/kg/day, AOF was administered orally. After 8 weeks rats were sacrificed and hearts were collected. Results showed collagen deposition and up‐regulation of matrix metalloproteinases‐MMP‐2 and ‐9 in D‐galactose‐induced aging rats. Furthermore, western blotting and immunostaining were also confirmed the upregulation of TGF‐β1 mediated fibrosis in aging induced rats. However, collagen deposition and fibrosis were significantly decreased by AOF treatments (AM and AH). AOF treatments salvaged the cardiac fibrosis. Hence, AOF might be a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention of cardiac fibrosis associated with aging. The protective effects of AOF might have promising results in anti‐aging treatments.
Multi-Agent Systems for Resource Allocation and Scheduling in a Smart Grid
Authors: Nair Arun Sukumaran , Hossen Tareq , Campion Mitch , Selvaraj Daisy Flora , Goveas Neena , Kaabouch Naima , Ranganathan Prakash 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith the increasing integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in the power grid, a decentralized approach becomes essential for scheduling and allocation of resources in a smart grid. Economic Dispatch (ED) and Unit Commitment (UC) are the two major resource allocation problems that play critical role in the safe and stable operation of a grid system. The uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources have made the resource allocation problems even more challenging for grid operators. The future grid will have a higher generation mix of renewable energy sources and a large load of Electrical vehicles, with the possibility of bi-directional power flow. This complex smart grid system necessitates the development of a decentralized approach to resource allocation problem, which allows inter-node communication and decision making. Multi-agent systems (MAS) is a promising platform to decentralize the traditional centralized resource allocation aspects of smart grid. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the application of MAS to Economic Dispatch (ED) and Unit Commitment (UC) in smart grids.
Why fix it if it’s not broken! The role of audiologists in families of hearing children born to deaf parents
Authors: Moroe Nomfundo 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) clearly states the role of audiologists in the management of children diagnosed with hearing loss. However, there are no outlined guidelines regarding the role of audiologists in hearing Children of Deaf Adults (CODAs). A literature search on the role of audiologists in this population yielded no results both locally and internationally.

Objectives:
This study seeks to understand the role of audiologists in Deaf parented families as perceived by CODAs.

Methods:
Ten CODAs aged between 21 and 40 were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Data were inductively analyzed through thematic analysis.

Results:
The findings revealed mixed feelings. Some participants indicated their need for audiological services while others perceived audiologists as wanting to fix something that is not broken. Furthermore, most participants indicated not needing any support services while the involvement of extended family was met with mixed feelings.

Conclusions:
There is, therefore, a need for audiologists to critically scrutinize and define their role and its boundaries in these families. This can be achieved by engaging in a frank and honest discussion between audiologists and Deaf-parented families.
Phylogeographic Analysis Reveals Multiple International transmission Events Have Driven the Global Emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Franz Eelco , Rotariu Ovidiu , Lopes Bruno S , MacRae Marion , Bono James L , Laing Chad , Gannon Victor , Söderlund Robert , van Hoek Angela H A M , Friesema Ingrid , French Nigel P , George Tessy , Biggs Patrick J , Jaros Patricia , Rivas Marta , Chinen Isabel , Campos Josefina , Jernberg Cecilia , Gobius Kari , Mellor Glen E , Chandry P Scott , Perez-Reche Francisco , Forbes Ken J , Strachan Norval J C 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundShiga toxin–producing Escherchia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen that causes numerous food and waterborne disease outbreaks. It is globally distributed, but its origin and the temporal sequence of its geographical spread are unknown.MethodsWe analyzed whole-genome sequencing data of 757 isolates from 4 continents, and performed a pan-genome analysis to identify the core genome and, from this, extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms. A timed phylogeographic analysis was performed on a subset of the isolates to investigate its worldwide spread.ResultsThe common ancestor of this set of isolates occurred around 1890 (1845–1925) and originated from the Netherlands. Phylogeographic analysis identified 34 major transmission events. The earliest were predominantly intercontinental, moving from Europe to Australia around 1937 (1909–1958), to the United States in 1941 (1921–1962), to Canada in 1960 (1943–1979), and from Australia to New Zealand in 1966 (1943–1982). This pre-dates the first reported human case of E. coli O157:H7, which was in 1975 from the United States.ConclusionsInter- and intra-continental transmission events have resulted in the current international distribution of E. coli O157:H7, and it is likely that these events were facilitated by animal movements (eg, Holstein Friesian cattle). These findings will inform policy on action that is crucial to reduce the further spread of E. coli O157:H7 and other (emerging) STEC strains globally.
Mucosal microbiota and metabolome along the intestinal tracts reveals location specific relationship
Authors: Yuan Ce , Graham Melanie , Staley Christopher , Subramanian Subbaya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe intestinal microbiota has been recognized as an important component for maintaining human health. The perturbation to its structure has been implicated in many diseases, such as obesity and cancers. The microbiota is highly metabolically active and plays a role in many metabolic pathways absent from the human host. Altered microbiota metabolism has also been linked to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal cancer. However, there is a gap in the current knowledge of how the microbiota interacts with its host. Here we performed an integrated analysis between the mucosal-associated microbiota and the mucosal tissue metabolomics in healthy non-human primates (NHPs) to investigate these relationships.ResultsWe found that the overall microbiota composition is influenced by both the tissue location as well as the host individual. The NHPs intestinal microbiota predominantly comprised of members of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The large intestines contain more Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Lentisphaera phyla members. The small intestinal tissues have no significantly different microbiota compositions, while the cecum and distal colon differ greatly in the microbiota compositions. The metabolomics profile reveals a total of 140 metabolites with different concentration between the small and large intestines. The correlations between microbiota and tissue metabolites showed a dense and interconnected network in the small intestines while a sparse network in the large intestines.ConclusionsOur analysis revealed an intricate global relationship between the microbiota and the host tissue metabolome that is mainly driven by the distal colon. Most importantly, we found location specific microbiota-metabolite correlations that have potential implications for studying host-microbiota metabolic interactions.
Convergent eusocial evolution is based on a shared reproductive groundplan plus lineage-specific plastic genes
Authors: Warner Michael R. , Qiu Lijun , Holmes Michael J. , Mikheyev Alexander S. , Linksvayer Timothy A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEusociality has convergently evolved multiple times, but the genomic basis of caste-based division of labor and degree to which independent origins of eusociality have utilized common genes remain largely unknown. Here we characterize caste-specific transcriptomic profiles across development and adult body segments from pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis) and honey bees (Apis mellifera), representing two independent origins of eusociality. We identify a substantial shared core of genes upregulated in the abdomens of queen ants and honey bees that also tends to be upregulated in mated female flies, suggesting that these genes are part of a conserved insect reproductive groundplan. Outside of this shared groundplan, few genes are differentially expressed in common. Instead, the majority of the thousands of caste-associated genes are plastically-expressed, rapidly evolving, and relatively evolutionarily young. These results emphasize that the recruitment of both highly conserved and lineage-specific genes underlie the convergent evolution of novel traits such as eusociality.
Suppressor of Fused controls perinatal expansion and quiescence of future dentate adult neural stem cells
Authors: Noguchi Hirofumi , Castillo Jesse Garcia , Nakashima Kinichi , Pleasure Samuel J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdult hippocampal neurogenesis requires the quiescent neural stem cell (NSC) pool to persist lifelong. The establishment and maintenance of quiescent NSC pools during development is not understood. Here we show that Suppressor of Fused (Sufu) controls establishment of the quiescent NSC pool during mouse dentate gyrus (DG) development through regulation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Deletion ofSufuin NSCs at the beginning of DG development decreases Shh signaling leading to reduced proliferation of NSCs, resulting in a small quiescent NSC pool in adult mice. We found that putative adult NSCs proliferate and increase their numbers in the first postnatal week and subsequently become quiescent towards the end of the first postnatal week. In the absence of Sufu, postnatal expansion of NSCs is compromised, and NSCs prematurely become quiescent. Thus, Sufu is required for Shh signaling activity ensuring the expansion and proper transition of NSC pools to quiescence during DG development.
Quantifying motor protein copy number in super-resolution using an imaging invariant calibration
Authors: Zanacchi Francesca Cella , Manzo Carlo , Magrassi Raffaella , Derr Nathan D. , Lakadamyali Melike 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotor proteins are nanoscale machines that convert the energy of ATP hydrolysis into the mechanical motion of walking along cytoskeletal filaments. In doing so, they transport organelles and help maintain sub-cellular organization. We previously developed a DNA origami-based calibration approach to extract protein copy number from super-resolution images. Using this approach, we show here that the retrograde motor protein dynein is mostly present as a single motor in the cytosol, whereas a small population of dynein along the microtubule cytoskeleton forms higher-order multimers organized into nano-sized domains. We further demonstrate, using dynein as a test sample, that the DNA origami-based calibration data we previously generated can be extended to super-resolution images taken under different experimental conditions, enabling the quantification of any GFP-fused protein of interest. Our results have implications for motor coordination during intracellular trafficking as well as for using super-resolution as a quantitative method to determine protein copy number at the nanoscale level.
An ancient role for Collier/Olf/Ebf (COE)-type transcription factors in axial motor neuron development
Authors: Catela Catarina , Correa Edgar , Aburas Jihad , Croci Laura , Giacomo Consalez G. , Kratsios Paschalis 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundMammalian motor circuits display remarkable cellular diversity with hundreds of motor neuron (MN) subtypes innervating hundreds of different muscles. Extensive research on limb muscle-innervating MNs has begun to elucidate the genetic programs that control animal locomotion. In striking contrast, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of axial muscle-innervating MNs, which control breathing and spinal alignment, are poorly studied.MethodsOur previous studies indicated that the function of the Collier/Olf/Ebf (COE) family of transcription factors (TFs) in axial MN development may be conserved from nematodes to simple chordates. Here, we examine the expression pattern of all four mouse COE family members (mEbf1-mEbf4) in spinal MNs and employ genetic approaches in both nematodes and mice to investigate their function in axial MN development.ResultsWe report that mEbf1 and mEbf2 are expressed in distinct MN clusters (termed “columns”) that innervate different axial muscles. Mouse Ebf1 is expressed in MNs of the hypaxial motor column (HMC), which is necessary for breathing, while mEbf2 is expressed in MNs of the medial motor column (MMC) that control spinal alignment. Our characterization of Ebf2 knock-out mice revealed a requirement for Ebf2 in the differentiation of a subset of MMC MNs, indicating molecular diversity within MMC neurons. Intriguingly, transgenic expression of mEbf1 or mEbf2 can rescue axial MN differentiation and locomotory defects in nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) lackingunc-3, the soleC. elegansortholog of the COE family, suggesting functional conservation among mEbf1, mEbf2 and nematode UNC-3.ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that the genetic programs controlling axial MN development are deeply conserved across species, and further advance our understanding of such programs by revealing an essential role for Ebf2 in mouse axial MNs. Because human mutations in COE ortholgs lead to neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by motor developmental delay, our findings may advance our understanding of these human conditions.