bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A family of anti-Bacteroidales peptide toxins wide-spread in the human gut microbiota
Authors: Coyne Michael J. , Béchon Nathalie , Matano Leigh M. , McEneany Valentina Laclare , Chatzidaki-Livanis Maria , Comstock Laurie E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBacteria often produce antimicrobial toxins to compete in microbial communities. Here we identify a family of broad-spectrum peptide toxins, named bacteroidetocins, produced by Bacteroidetes species. We study this toxin family using phenotypic, mutational, bioinformatic, and human metagenomic analyses. Bacteroidetocins are related to class IIa bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria and kill members of the Bacteroidetes phylum, including Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Prevotella gut species, as well as pathogenic Prevotella species. The bacteroidetocin biosynthesis genes are found in horizontally acquired mobile elements, which likely allow dissemination within the gut microbiota and may explain their wide distribution in human populations. Bacteroidetocins may have potential applications in microbiome engineering and as therapeutics for polymicrobial diseases such as bacterial vaginosis and periodontal disease.
Measuring light transport properties using speckle patterns as structured illumination
Authors: Jain Pranay , Sarma Sanjay E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe measurement of light absorption and scattering properties of biological materials has several diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We can measure these properties for skin without contact using structured illumination and imaging. However, building simple handheld devices remains challenging due to motion artefacts and moving targets. To overcome this limitation, we project random speckle patterns instead of discrete spatial frequencies on the target. Since random patterns are spatially broadband, they capture more information per image, enabling frame-by-frame analysis. In this paper, we describe the statistics of objective speckles and demonstrate how the optical system is designed for spatially bandlimited illumination. Next, we use a diverse set of liquid tissue phantom to validate the method. We successfully demonstrate that a calibrated instrument can independently predict the two primary light transport properties of a homogeneous turbid system. This work is a starting point for analysing skin and other heterogeneous biological media in the future.
Promotion of angiogenesis by M13 phage and RGD peptide in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Safari Zohreh , Soudi Sara , Jafarzadeh Nazli , Hosseini Ahmad Zavaran , Vojoudi Elham , Sadeghizadeh Majid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne of the most important goals of regenerative medicines is to generate alternative tissues with a developed vascular network. Endothelial cells are the most important cell type required in angiogenesis process, contributing to the blood vessels formation. The stimulation of endothelial cells to initiate angiogenesis requires appropriate extrinsic signals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of M13 phage along with RGD peptide motif on in vitro and in vivo vascularization. The obtained results demonstrated the increased cellular proliferation, HUVECs migration, cells altered morphology, and cells attachment to M13 phage-RGD coated surface. In addition, the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF Receptors 2 and 3, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and epithelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) transcripts were significantly upregulated due to the HUVECs culturing on M13 phage-RGD coated surface. Furthermore, VEGF protein secretion, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were significantly increased in cells cultured on M13 phage-RGD coated surface.
High-energy visible light transparency and ultraviolet ray transmission of metallized rescue sheets
Authors: Isser Markus , Kranebitter Hannah , Kühn Erich , Lederer Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetallized rescue sheets are essential components in first aid boxes and professional emergency equipment for provision of thermal insulation. We investigated the transparency for visual light and the transmission of ultraviolet radiation and high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band of rescue sheets under laboratory conditions to evaluate the potential of blocking solar radiation during outdoor activities. An experimental study was performed using two commercially available brands of rescue sheets. Transmission of visible light and ultraviolet light was assessed by optometry. Single-layer transparency for visible light was between 1% and 8%. Transmission for high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band and ultraviolet A rays was between 1% and 13% for the single layer and between 0% and 3% for the double layer of the rescue sheets. Transmission for ultraviolet B rays afforded by each tested rescue sheet brand was between 0% and 1% for the single layer. Double-layer rescue sheets blocked 100% of ultraviolet B radiation. In conclusion, single layer rescue sheets were sufficiently permeable for visible light and diminished transmission for ultraviolet radiation and high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band to potentially protect from solar radiation if used for facial protection and as makeshift sun googles.
Rivaroxaban, a specific FXa inhibitor, improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic segments in diabetic mice
Authors: Pham Phuong Tran , Fukuda Daiju , Yagi Shusuke , Kusunose Kenya , Yamada Hirotsugu , Soeki Takeshi , Shimabukuro Michio , Sata Masataka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractActivated factor X (FXa) plays a central role in the coagulation cascade, while it also mediates vascular function through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). Here, we examined whether inhibition of FXa by rivaroxaban, a direct FXa inhibitor, attenuates endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Induction of diabetes increased the expression of a major FXa receptor, PAR2, in the aorta (P < 0.05). Administration of rivaroxaban (10 mg/kg/day) to diabetic wild-type (WT) mice for 3 weeks attenuated endothelial dysfunction as determined by acetylcholine-dependent vasodilation compared with the control (P < 0.001), without alteration of blood glucose level. Rivaroxaban promoted eNOSSer1177phosphorylation in the aorta (P < 0.001). Induction of diabetes to PAR2-deficient (PAR2−/−) mice did not affect endothelial function and eNOSSer1177phosphorylation in the aorta compared with non-diabetic PAR2−/−mice. FXa or a PAR2 agonist significantly impaired endothelial function in aortic rings obtained from WT mice, but not in those from PAR2−/−mice. FXa promoted JNK phosphorylation (P < 0.01) and reduced eNOSSer1177phosphorylation (P < 0.05) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). FXa-induced endothelial dysfunction in aortic rings (P < 0.001) and eNOSSer1177phosphorylation (P < 0.05) in HCAEC were partially ameliorated by a JNK inhibitor. Rivaroxaban ameliorated diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Our results suggest that FXa or PAR2 is a potential therapeutic target.
An efficient Terahertz rectifier on the graphene/SiC materials platform
Authors: Schlecht Maria T. , Preu Sascha , Malzer Stefan , Weber Heiko B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present an efficient Schottky-diode detection scheme for Terahertz (THz) radiation, implemented on the material system epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide (SiC). It employs SiC as semiconductor and graphene as metal, with an epitaxially defined interface. For first prototypes, we report on broadband operation up to 580 GHz, limited only by the RC circuitry, with a responsivity of 1.1 A/W. Remarkably, the voltage dependence of the THz responsivity displays no deviations from DC responsivity, which encourages using this transparent device for exploring the high frequency limits of Schottky rectification in the optical regime. The performance of the detector is demonstrated by resolving sharp spectroscopic features of ethanol and acetone in a THz transmission experiment.
Posture correctness of young female soccer players
Authors: Żuk Beata , Sutkowski Marek , Paśko Sławomir , Grudniewski Tomasz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the correctness of the body posture of female soccer players in the frontal plane from the back based on selected body points in two static positions (habitual and actively corrected) using a non-contact optical measurement method. Forty-two young women (aged 16–20) playing soccer in a sports club in Poland were examined and compared with controls. The spatial coordinates (x, y, z) of the selected body points were determined. Four points (OcL, OcR, PvLand PvR) were extracted and used to calculate vectors$$\overline{{\boldsymbol{Oc}}}={\boldsymbol{O}}{{\boldsymbol{c}}}_{{\boldsymbol{L}}}-{\boldsymbol{O}}{{\boldsymbol{c}}}_{{\boldsymbol{R}}}$$Oc¯=OcL−OcRand$$\overline{{\boldsymbol{Pv}}}={\boldsymbol{P}}{{\boldsymbol{v}}}_{{\boldsymbol{L}}}-{\boldsymbol{P}}{{\boldsymbol{v}}}_{{\boldsymbol{R}}}$$Pv¯=PvL−PvRfor analysis. The results show that median of the pelvic line angle was positive (PvRwas lower than PvL) in both groups. For the habitual posture, the absolute value of the difference between the 25th and 75th percentiles in the pelvic line was almost three times greater among the soccer players than the controls (ratio between soccer players and controls: 2.93). Static postural imbalances in female soccer players require diagnosis of the sacroiliac joints with analysis of lumbar-pelvic system support and inhibition in the context of myofascial connection integration. Exercises can be implemented to stabilize the lumbar-pelvis complex as prophylaxis for spinal overload during the training cycle.
Integrated physiological and genomic analysis reveals structural variations and expression patterns of candidate genes for colored- and green-leaf poplar
Authors: Zhuang Weibing , Wang Hongxue , Liu Tianyu , Wang Tao , Zhang Fengjiao , Shu Xiaochun , Zhai Henghua , Wang Zhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractColored-leaf plants are increasingly popular and have been attracting more and more attentions. However, the molecular mechanism of leaf coloration in plants has not been fully understood. In this study, a colored-leaf cultivar of Populus deltoides (Caihong poplar, CHP) and green-leaf cultivar of Populus deltoides L2025 were used to explore the mechanism of leaf coloration through physiological and the whole genome resequencing analysis. The content of anthocyanins, total Chl, and carotenoids in the leaves of CHP and L2025 were evaluated. The ratio of anthocyanins to total Chl in CHP was 25.0 times higher than that in L2025; this could be attributed to the red leaf color of CHP. Based on the whole genome resequencing analysis, 951,421 polymorphic SNPs and 221,907 indels were screened between CHP and L2025. Using qRT-PCR analysis, three structural genes (flavonol synthase 1 family protein, UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase 3′ and flavonoid 3-O-galactosyl transferase family protein) and six transcription factors (MYB-related protein Myb4, transcription factor GAMYB, PtrMYB179, transcription factor bHLH53, transcription factor bHLH3, VARICOSE family protein) may be involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, which could be used as candidate genes to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of leaf coloration in Populus deltoids, and could be used in molecular breeding in the future.
Interspecific competition affects the expression of personality-traits in natural populations
Authors: Wauters Lucas A. , Mazzamuto Maria Vittoria , Santicchia Francesca , Van Dongen Stefan , Preatoni Damiano G. , Martinoli Adriano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCompetition between animal species can cause niche partitioning and shape an individual’s phenotype, including its behaviour. However, little is known about effects of interspecific competition on personality, the among-individual variation in behaviour that is consistent across different spatial and temporal contexts. We investigated whether alien grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) influenced the expression of personality traits in native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). In Italy, alien grey squirrels replaced native reds through competition for food resources and space, reducing breeding and recruitment in the native species. We compared personality of red squirrels in red-only (no interspecific competition) and red-grey (with interspecific competition) sites, using arena-tests. The trait activity was measured by Open Field Test while sociability and avoidance were quantified by Mirror Image Stimulation test. Red squirrels co-occurring with the alien species had higher sociability scores and higher between-individual variation in sociability than in red-only sites. Differences in activity and avoidance were not significant. Personality – fitness relationships were not affected by presence or absence of grey squirrels, suggesting that the expression of sociability in red squirrels was not due to short-term selection, but was likely the result of context-related advantages when co-occurring with the competing species.
Functional diversification of teleost Fads2 fatty acyl desaturases occurs independently of the trophic level
Authors: Garrido Diego , Kabeya Naoki , Betancor Mónica B. , Pérez José A. , Acosta N. Guadalupe , Tocher Douglas R. , Rodríguez Covadonga , Monroig Óscar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis capacity of fish varies among species, with trophic level hypothesised as a major factor. The biosynthesis capacity is largely dependent upon the presence of functionally diversified fatty acyl desaturase 2 (Fads2) enzymes, since many teleosts have lost the gene encoding a Δ5 desaturase (Fads1). The present study aimed to characterise Fads2 from four teleosts occupying different trophic levels, namely Sarpa salpa, Chelon labrosus, Pegusa lascaris and Atherina presbyter, which were selected based on available data on functions of Fads2 from closely related species. Therefore, we had insight into the variability of Fads2 within the same phylogenetic group. Our results showed that Fads2 from S. salpa and C. labrosus were both Δ6 desaturases with further Δ8 activity while P. lascaris and A. presbyter Fads2 showed Δ4 activity. Fads2 activities of herbivorous S. salpa are consistent with those reported for carnivorous Sparidae species. The results suggested that trophic level might not directly drive diversification of teleost Fads2 as initially hypothesised, and other factors such as the species’ phylogeny appeared to be more influential. In agreement, Fads2 activities from P. lascaris and A. presbyter were similar to their corresponding phylogenetic counterparts Solea senegalensis and Chirostoma estor.
Unraveling energy loss processes of low energy heavy ions in 2D materials
Authors: Wilhelm Richard A. , Grande Pedro L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStructuring of 2D materials and their heterostructures with ion beams is a challenging task, because typically low ion energies are needed to avoid damage to a substrate. In addition, at the very first monolayers of a material, ions are not yet in charge equilibrium, i.e. they may either charge up or neutralize depending on their velocity. The change in electronic structure of the ion during scattering affects the energy, which can be transferred to the recoil and therefore the energy available for defect formation. In order to make reliable use of ion beams for defect engineering of 2D materials, we present here a model for charge state and charge exchange dependent kinetic energy transfer. Our model can be applied to all ion species, ion charge states, and energies. It is especially powerful for predicting charge state dependent stopping of slow highly charged ions.
Towards magnonic devices based on voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Rana Bivas , Otani YoshiChika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite significant technological advances in miniaturization and operational speed, modern electronic devices suffer from unescapably increasing rates of Joule heating and power consumption. Avoiding these limitations sparked the quest to identify alternative, charge-neutral information carriers. Thus, spin waves, the collective precessional motion of spins in permanent magnets, were proposed as a promising alternative system for encoding information. In order to surpass the speed, efficiency, functionality and integration density of current electronic devices, magnonic devices should be driven by electric-field induced methods. This review highlights recent progress in the development of electric-field-controlled magnonic devices, including present challenges, future perspectives and the scope for further improvement.
Complexity of magnetic fields on red dwarfs
Authors: Afram N. , Berdyugina S. V. 
Published: August 2019

Context. Magnetic fields in cool stars can be investigated by measuring Zeeman line broadening and polarization in atomic and molecular lines. Similar to the Sun, these fields are complex and height-dependent. Many molecular lines dominating M-dwarf spectra (e.g., FeH, CaH, MgH, and TiO) are temperature- and Zeeman-sensitive and form at different atmospheric heights, which makes them excellent probes of magnetic fields on M dwarfs.
Aims. Our goal is to analyze the complexity of magnetic fields in M dwarfs. We investigate how magnetic fields vary with the stellar temperature and how “surface” inhomogeneities are distributed in height – the dimension that is usually neglected in stellar magnetic studies.
Methods. We have determined effective temperatures of the photosphere and of magnetic features, magnetic field strengths and filling factors for nine M dwarfs (M1–M7). Our χ2 analysis is based on a comparison of observed and synthetic intensity and circular polarization profiles. Stokes profiles were calculated by solving polarized radiative transfer equations.
Results. Properties of magnetic structures depend on the analyzed atomic or molecular species and their formation heights. Two types of magnetic features similar to those on the Sun have been found: a cooler (starspots) and a hotter (network) one. The magnetic field strength in both starspots and network is within 3–6 kG, on average it is 5 kG. These fields occupy a large fraction of M dwarf atmospheres at all heights, up to 100%. The plasma β is less than one, implying highly magnetized stars.
Conclusions. A combination of molecular and atomic species and a simultaneous analysis of intensity and circular polarization spectra have allowed us to better decipher the complexity of magnetic fields on M dwarfs, including their dependence on the atmospheric height. This work provides an opportunity to investigate a larger sample of M dwarfs and L-type brown dwarfs.
Research in Integrated Health Care and Publication Trends from the
Perspective of Global Informatics
Authors: Li Zhong , Zhang Liang , Pan Zijin , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Integrated care has gained popularity in recent decades
and is advocated by the World Health Organization. This study examined the
global progress, current foci, and the future of integrated care.
Methods We conducted a scientometric analysis of data exported from
the Web of Science database. Publication number and citations, co-authorship
between countries and institutions and cluster analysis were calculated and
clustered using Histcite12.03.07 and VOS viewer1.6.4.
Results We retrieved 6127 articles from 1997 to 2016. We found the
following. (1) The United States, United Kingdom, and Canada had the most
publications, citations, and productive institutions. (2) The top 10 cited
papers and journals were crucial for knowledge distribution. (3) The 50
author keywords were clustered into 6 groups: digital medicine and e-health,
community health and chronic disease management, primary health care and
mental health, healthcare system for infectious diseases, healthcare reform
and qualitative research, and social care and health policy services.
Conclusions This paper confirmed that integrated care is undergoing
rapid development: more categories are involved and collaborative networks
are being established. Various research foci have formed, such as economic
incentive mechanisms for integration, e-health data mining, and quantitative
studies. There is an urgent need to develop performance measurements for
policies and models.
Das Potenzial der virtuellen Realität in der Verhaltenstherapie
Authors: Diemer Julia 
Published: August 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGegenstand und Ziel: Seit gut 20 Jahren wird virtuelle Realität (VR) als neue Methode in der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) erforscht. Das Potenzial von VR in der KVT soll anhand eines aktuellen Überblicks dargestellt werden.Methoden: Der vorliegende Beitrag ist eine Übersichtsarbeit, in der der mögliche Nutzen von VR in der KVT sowie die aktuellen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen in diesem Bereich herausgearbeitet werden.Ergebnisse: Der Einsatz von VR könnte den Aufwand einiger KVT-Interventionen senken und ihre Verfügbarkeit erhöhen. Darüber hinaus kann VR in der Psychotherapieforschung die Entwicklung der KVT vorantreiben. VR-Expositionstherapie bei Angststörungen ist die am besten untersuchte VR-Anwendung in der KVT, zahlreiche weitere Ansätze stehen am Beginn der Entwicklung und Evaluation.Schlussfolgerung(en): Nach wie vor besteht enormer Forschungsbedarf, um den möglichen Mehrwert von VR-Interventionen kritisch und multidimensional zu bestimmen.Klinische Relevanz: VR-Interventionen sind kaum im klinischen Alltag angekommen, scheinen jedoch eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle in Forschung und Praxis der KVT zu spielen.
Die Arbeits- und Weiterbildungssituation junger Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Deutschland – eine zusammenfassende Analyse von Befragungsergebnissen aus sechs Fachrichtungen
Authors: Joachim Stephanie C. , Bitzinger Diane , Arnold Hannah , Lermann Johannes , Oechtering Thekla H. , Schott Sarah , Schulte Kevin , Raspe Matthias 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Arbeits- und Weiterbildungsbedingungen junger Ärzte in Deutschland haben sich im Zuge weitreichender Veränderungen im Gesundheitssystem über die letzten Jahre geändert. Daher sollten deutschlandweite Umfragen unter jungen Ärzten mehrerer Fachdisziplinen gemeinsam analysiert werden, um einen aktuellen fachübergreifenden Eindruck der Zustände in ihrem Arbeitsalltag zu erhalten.
Methodik Daten aus webbasierten Befragungen von jungen Ärzten aus 6 Fachrichtungen wurden einer Sekundäranalyse unterzogen. Einen Schwerpunkt bildete dabei das Modell beruflicher Gratifikationskrisen zur Beurteilung psychosozialer Arbeitsbelastung.
Ergebnisse Es wurden Daten von insgesamt 4041 Teilnehmern analysiert. Im Arbeitsalltag werden junge Ärzte mit einem hohen Anteil nicht unmittelbar ärztlicher Aufgaben belastet. Instrumente einer guten Weiterbildung, wie Weiterbildungsverträge, feste Curricula und regelmäßige Weiterbildungsgespräche, sind mit einer geringeren psychosozialen Arbeitsbelastung assoziiert, die unter den Teilnehmern insgesamt stark ausgeprägt war. Ein ökonomischer Einfluss auf ärztlich-fachliche Entscheidungen ist unter den Teilnehmern subjektiv deutlich vorhanden.
Schlussfolgerung Viele junge Ärzte empfinden die aktuellen Arbeits- und Weiterbildungsbedingungen im ärztlichen Arbeitsumfeld als unbefriedigend. Dies kann nicht nur Konsequenzen für die betroffenen Ärzte selbst, sondern auch für die von ihnen versorgten Patienten haben. Ein gesundes Arbeitsumfeld mit gesunden Fachkräften in der Patientenversorgung ist daher von zentraler Bedeutung und sollte im Fokus aller an der Organisation des Gesundheitswesens beteiligten Partner stehen.