bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and design of the randomized multicentre His Optimized Pacing Evaluated for Heart Failure (HOPE‐HF) trial
Authors: Keene Daniel , Arnold Ahran , Shun‐Shin Matthew J. , Howard James P. , Sohaib SM Afzal , Moore Philip , Tanner Mark , Quereshi Norman , Muthumala Amal , Chandresekeran Badrinathan , Foley Paul , Leyva Francisco , Adhya Shaumik , Falaschetti Emanuela , Tsang Hilda , Vijayaraman Pugal , Cleland John G.F. , Stegemann Berthold , Francis Darrel P. , Whinnett Zachary I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsIn patients with heart failure and a pathologically prolonged PR interval, left ventricular (LV) filling can be improved by shortening atrioventricular delay using His‐bundle pacing. His‐bundle pacing delivers physiological ventricular activation and has been shown to improve acute haemodynamic function in this group of patients.In the HOPE‐HF (His Optimized Pacing Evaluated for Heart Failure) trial, we are investigating whether these acute haemodynamic improvements translate into improvements in exercise capacity and heart failure symptoms.Methods and resultsThis multicentre, double‐blind, randomized, crossover study aims to randomize 160 patients with PR prolongation (≥200 ms), LV impairment (EF ≤ 40%), and either narrow QRS (≤140 ms) or right bundle branch block. All patients receive a cardiac device with leads positioned in the right atrium and the His bundle. Eligible patients also receive a defibrillator lead. Those not eligible for implantable cardioverter defibrillator have a backup pacing lead positioned in an LV branch of the coronary sinus. Patients are allocated in random order to 6 months of (i) haemodynamically optimized dual chamber His‐bundle pacing and (ii) backup pacing only, using the non‐His ventricular lead.The primary endpoint is change in exercise capacity assessed by peak oxygen uptake. Secondary endpoints include change in ejection fraction, quality of life scores, B‐type natriuretic peptide, daily patient activity levels, and safety and feasibility assessments of His‐bundle pacing.ConclusionsHope‐HF aims to determine whether correcting PR prolongation in patients with heart failure and narrow QRS or right bundle branch block using haemodynamically optimized dual chamber His‐bundle pacing improves exercise capacity and symptoms. We aim to complete recruitment by the end of 2018 and report in 2020.
Efficacy, acceptability and safety of Internet‐delivered psychological therapies for fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bernardy K. , Klose P. , Welsch P. , Häuser W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis systematic review aimed at evaluating the efficacy, acceptability and safety of Internet‐based psychological therapies (IPTs) in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS were searched from inception to January 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPTs with controls were analysed. Primary outcomes were ≥50% pain relief, disability, negative mood, acceptability and safety at end of therapy and at 6‐month follow up. Effects were summarized by a random effects model using risk differences (RD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Six RCTs using different types of Internet‐based cognitive‐behavioural therapies [ICBTs] (acceptance‐based; exposure‐based; traditional) with 493 patients were included. At the end of treatment, ICBTs were superior to controls (waiting list, attention control, treatment as usual) in reducing negative mood (SMD −0.51 [95% CI −0.87 to −0.15]) (moderate quality evidence) and disability (SMD −0.56 [95% CI −1.00 to −0.13]) (moderate quality evidence). There were no statistically significant differences between ICBTs and controls in pain relief of 50% or greater (RD 0.09 [95% CI −0.02 to 0.20] (moderate quality evidence) and acceptability (moderate quality evidence). No data on safety and any outcomes at long‐term follow‐up compared to controls were found. The data available did not allow statistical comparisons between unguided and guided ICBTs and of ICBTs versus traditional face‐to‐face therapies. ICBTs provided a clinically relevant benefit over control interventions in reducing negative mood and disability at the end of treatment.SignificanceInternet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapies provided a clinically relevant benefit in reducing negative mood and disability in patients with FMS at the end of treatment if compared to waiting list, treatment as usual and attention controls.
Predefine resolution of enantiomers in partial filling capillary electrophoresis and two discontinuous function plugs coupling in‐capillary
Authors: Chen Jin , Wang Xiaoqian , Ghulam Murtaza , Chen Hongxu , Qu Feng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn common partial filling CE (PF‐CE), the capillary contains the selectors plug between the injection and detector end to avoid the selector going into the detector zone. To expand this method, we propose a mode of two discontinuous function plugs coupling in‐capillary, named as plug–plug PF‐CE (ppPF‐CE). Initially, we present the method to predefine the effective length of chiral selector to meet the requirement of enantiomers' resolution, which could avoid some experimental procedures. With α‐CD as a chiral selector, a satisfactory resolution of enantiomers d,l‐tryptophan and d,l‐tyrosine was obtained with a partial filling α‐CD plug of optimal length and concentration. Subsequently, a second plug containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, organic solvents (acetonitrile and methanol), anionic and cationic surfactants (SDS and CTAB), and different concentrations of sodium phosphate buffer was inserted after the selector plug. Effects of plug–plug filling on enantiomers' migration and resolution are discussed. The ppPF‐CE might be a new flexible mode for CE application.
Delayed effects and complex life cycles: How the larval aquatic environment influences terrestrial performance and survival
Authors: Rumrill Caitlin T. , Scott David E. , Lance Stacey L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Species with complex life cycles are susceptible to environmental stressors across life stages, but the carryover and latent effects between stages remain understudied. For species with biphasic life histories, such as pond-breeding amphibians, delayed effects of aquatic conditions can influence terrestrial juveniles and adults directly or indirectly, usually mediated through fitness correlates such as body size. We collected adult southern toads (Anaxyrus terrestris) from 2 source populations—a natural reference wetland and a metal-contaminated industrial wetland—and exposed their offspring to 2 aquatic stressors (a metal contaminant, copper [Cu], and a dragonfly predator cue) in outdoor mesocosms (n = 24). We then reared metamorphs in terraria for 5 mo to examine delayed effects of early life stage environmental conditions on juvenile performance, growth, and survival. Larval exposure to Cu, as well as having parents from a contaminated wetland, resulted in smaller size at metamorphosis—a response later negated by compensatory growth. Although Cu exposure and parental source did not affect larval survival, we observed latent effects of these stressors on juvenile survival, with elevated Cu conditions and metal-contaminated parents reducing postmetamorphic survival. Parental source and larval Cu exposure affected performance at metamorphosis through carryover effects on body size but, 1 mo later, latent effects of parental source and larval predator exposure directly (i.e., not via body size) influenced performance. The carryover and latent effects of parental source population and aquatic Cu level on postmetamorphic survival and juvenile performance highlight the importance of conducting studies across life stages and generations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2660–2669. © 2018 SETAC
Determination of subcatchment and watershed boundaries in a complex and highly urbanized landscape
Authors: Kayembe Aimé , Mitchell Carl P. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUrban development significantly alters the landscape by introducing widespread impervious surfaces, which quickly convey surface run‐off to streams via stormwater sewer networks, resulting in “flashy” hydrological responses. Here, we present the inadequacies of using raster‐based digital elevation models and flow‐direction algorithms to delineate large and highly urbanized watersheds and propose an alternative approach that accounts for the influence of anthropogenically modified land cover. We use a semi‐automated approach that incorporates conventional drainage networks into overland flow paths and define the maximal run‐off contributing area. In this approach, stormwater pipes are clustered according to their slope attributes, which define flow direction. Land areas drained by each cluster and contributing (or exporting) flow to a topographically delineated catchment were determined. These land masses were subsequently added or removed from the catchment, modifying both the shape and the size. Our results in a highly urbanized Toronto, Canada, area watershed indicate a moderate net increase in the directly connected watershed area by 3% relative to a topographically forced method; however, differences across three smaller scale subcatchments are greater. Compared to topographic delineation, the directly connected watershed areas of both the upper and middle subcatchments decrease by 5% and 8%, respectively, whereas the lower subcatchment area increases by 15%. This is directly related to subsurface storm sewer pipes that cross topographic boundaries. When directly connected subcatchment area is plotted against total streamflow and flashiness indices using this method, the coefficients of variation are greater (0.93 to 0.97) compared to the use of digital elevation model‐derived subcatchment areas (0.78 to 0.85). The accurate identification of watershed and subcatchment boundaries should incorporate ancillary data such as stormwater sewer networks and retention basin drainage areas to reduce water budget errors in urban systems.
Cellulose emulsions and their hydrolysis
Authors: Alfassi Gilad , Rein Dmitry M , Cohen Yachin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe abundance and bio‐renewability of cellulose renders it as a sustainable source for bio‐fuels, yet its potential is not fully exploited. There is current interest in combined enzymatic processes in emulsified systems. Previous work described the formation of a stable non‐crystalline cellulose coating on emulsified oil droplets. This raises significant questions regarding enzyme–substrate interactions in such systems. The aim of this work is to evaluate the ability of the enzyme to attack the cellulose shell on the surface of an oil droplet. This ability is foreseen to be relevant for advanced cellulose conversion processes, such as in the simultaneous extraction of reaction products and/or esterification.RESULTSCellulose amphiphilicity was harnessed to fabricate oil‐in‐water emulsions using aqueous hydrogel dispersion fabricated from conventional alkaline solution. The cellulose shell on the surface of the oil droplets presents a huge non‐crystalline surface. Altering the cellulose/oil ratio effects the emulsion dimensions and the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis, where the conversion of emulsions having lower oil content proved similar to that of regenerated cellulose gels (81 and 77% hydrolyzed cellulose after 4 h, respectively).CONCLUSIONCellulose‐coated oil‐in‐water emulsion droplets are introduced as a novel substrate for cellulose hydrolysis for advanced conversion processes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A prospective “test‐and‐treat” demonstration project among people who inject drugs in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Hai H , Bui Duong D , Dinh Thuy TT , Pham Loc Q , Nguyen Van TT , Tran Tram H , Pham Thang H , Nguyen Sang M , Suthar Amitabh B , Do Nhan T , Ford Nathan , Lo Ying‐Ru , Nguyen Long Hoang , Giang Le M , Kato Masaya ,   the team for the implementation research project “Vietnam HIV early antiretroviral therapy with regular HIV testing (V‐HEART)”
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionModelling suggests that early diagnosis and immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) among key populations would have a substantial impact in reducing HIV transmission and mortality in Vietnam. An implementation research project of “test‐and‐treat” among people who inject drugs (PWID) was developed to inform effective roll‐out of such interventions.Methods“Test‐and‐treat” was offered to PWID in two high burden provinces, Thai Nguyen and Thanh Hoa. The interventions comprised the offer of biannual HIV testing and immediate ART, irrespective of CD4 count. PWID were enrolled between April 2014 and July 2015 and followed up for 12 months, and retention, HIV viral load (VL) and risk behaviours were assessed. Retention in care of this prospective cohort was compared with the retention among men enrolled in care in the preceding period (April 2012 to March 2013) at the same clinics when ART was initiated at CD4 cell count ≤350 cells/mm3.ResultsIn total, 287 HIV positive PWID started immediate ART. The majority (98%) were men; median age was 34; and median (interquartile range) CD4 count was 199 (50 to 402) cells/mm3. After 12 months, 238 participants (83%) were retained on ART, and 205 achieved viral suppression (<1000 copies/mL) (92% among those in whom VL was measured, 71% overall). Baseline CD4 count ≤100 cells/mm3 and history of imprisonment were associated with lower retention and viral suppression, while engagement in methadone maintenance was associated with higher retention. Retention in care was higher in the “test‐and‐treat” cohort (83%) compared with men enrolled in care in the preceding period (78%), primarily because lost‐to‐follow‐up during pre‐ART care was eliminated. No decline in consistent condom use and clean needle use was observed.ConclusionsEarly ART initiation resulted in successful treatment outcomes among PWID, with no observed increase in self‐reported risk behaviours, suggesting feasibility and potential effectiveness of “test‐and‐treat” approach. The results also call for differentiated care for PWID, including promoting early diagnosis and engagement in methadone maintenance therapy while enhancing care for those with advanced HIV disease and history of imprisonment.
Medication use to manage comorbidities for people with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Page Amy , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Seubert Liza J. , Clark Vaughan , Hill Xaysja , King Stephanie , Clifford Rhonda M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimPeople with dementia commonly live with multiple comorbidities. This review aimed to review medications to manage chronic conditions in people who also have a diagnosis of dementia. The secondary aim was to determine whether drug utilisation for other conditions change as a result of dementia diagnosis.MethodsData source: We included experimental and observational studies where participants with dementia were diagnosed and treated for one or more comorbid conditions that reported health outcomes or drug utilisation. Study selection: MedLine and Embase databases were searched from inception to March 2016 (updated September 2016). Three researchers screened titles, abstracts and full‐text articles, then extracted data using a data extraction sheet.ResultsSix studies met inclusion criteria with 51 696 participants (mean age 81.1 ± 2.0 years, 78% female). One experimental study compared bisphosphonate use with placebo in people with mid‐stage dementia and found reduced risk of non‐vertebral fractures (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.12–0.61) in the bisphosphonate group. Five observational studies reported drug utilisation for people with dementia to treat comorbidities, namely depression, osteoporosis, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Drug utilisation was found to be similar for depression, diabetes and cardiovascular disease for people with and without dementia, although bisphosphonate use was significantly reduced.ConclusionEvidence on medication use for comorbidities in people with dementia is currently limited to drug utilisation patterns and treatment of one comorbidity: osteoporosis. Comorbidities for people with dementia appear to be managed pharmacologically until the late stages of disease without considering time to benefit or that it is a life‐limiting condition.
SERS and DFT study of 5F‐PB‐22
Authors: Alkaseem Mohammad , Baron Mark 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, a joint experimental and theoretical study on the synthetic cannabinoid, 5F‐PB‐22 (1‐(5‐fluoropentyl)‐8‐quinolinyl ester‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylic acid) is reported. The molecular vibrations of 5F‐PB‐22 were investigated by Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectroscopies. In parallel, quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) with the hybrid B3LYP exchange‐correlation functional coupled with the standard 3‐21G basis set were used to determine the geometrical and vibrational characteristics of 5F‐PB‐22 and to predict the adsorption geometry of the molecule on the silver colloidal surface. The SERS spectrum of 5F‐PB‐22 was recorded using a 532‐nm laser line and a hydroxylamine phosphate reduced silver colloid as the SERS substrate. SERS and Raman spectral bands have been assigned by comparison with the DFT calculated spectrum. A self‐aggregation spectrum was obtained, but in order to obtain a spectrum with NaCl as the aggregating agent, a two‐step procedure was developed. It was found that 10‐mM NaCl can be used as a trigger for aggregation before adding 5F‐PB‐22 followed by the addition of 20‐ to 100‐mM NaCl to complete aggregation. Using this procedure, 5F‐PB‐22 was easily detected at 2.12 × 10−8 M. Based on a predicted molecular adsorption geometry from the calculated molecular electrostatic potential and the SERS spectrum, it is proposed that the quinoline moiety of the molecule lies in a preponderant parallel orientation to the silver surface with the plane of the indole ring being perpendicular to the surface. The molecular orientation is affected by the surface coverage by 5F‐PB‐22 and the presence of Cl−.
Morphology Transition of Dual‐Responsive ABC Terpolymer in Water: Effect of Hydrophobic Block
Authors: Luo Chunhui , Wei Ning , Luo Xiaofang , Luo Faliang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo reveal the importance of hydrophobic block in morphology transition of responsive copolymers, four well‐defined ABC terpolymers with the same poly(dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and PEG segments are synthesized by sequential RAFT polymerization. Poly (n‐hexyl methacrylate) (PnHMA), poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), with glass transition temperatures of −5, 20, 65, and 100 °C, respectively, are selected as hydrophobic segments. The structures and compositions of four terpolymers, that is, mPEG45‐b‐PnHMA29‐b‐PDMAEMA28(EHD), mPEG45‐b‐PnBMA28‐b‐PDMAEMA32 (EBD), mPEG45‐b‐PEMA31‐b‐PDMAEMA30 (EED), and mPEG45‐b‐PMMA30‐b‐PDMAEMA29 (EMD), are confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR. Their morphology transitions in water are investigated via a combination of UV‐vis spectroscopy, light scattering, zeta potential measurements, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. All terpolymers can form spherical micelle by direct dissolution in acidic water. However, the spherical micelles of EBD and EHD progressively switch to cylinders and vesicles upon variations of external pH and temperature. In contrast, the spherical micelles of EMD and EED reversibly form larger aggregates when the temperature is above the cloud point of PDMAEMA in basic water. This study demonstrates the importance of hydrophobic block on the morphology transition of responsive copolymers.
Simple Strategy for Dual Control of Crystallization and Thermal Property on Polyesters by Dispersing Metal Salts Via Multiple Coordination Bonds
Authors: Hayashi Mikihiro , Shibata Keisuke , Kawarazaki Isamu , Takasu Akinori 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, metallo‐supramolecular polyesters with multiple coordination bonds along the chains are prepared, to demonstrate a simple strategy to control both the thermal property and crystallizability. Firstly, polyesters with multiple pyridine‐ligands are synthesized through melt polycondensation and subsequent Michael addition reaction. By adding a metal salt (ZnCl2), the fraction of metal‐coordinated pyridine‐ligands is systematically increased with increasing the Zn2+/pyridine‐ligands mole ratio according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) measurements, which is found to play a role in tuning the glass transition temperature. The metal‐ligand coordination simultaneously causes the disappearance of crystallization/melting peaks in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms, and scattering measurements also indicate the disappearance of crystalline domains. A transparent film is thus obtained after blending small amounts of ZnCl2 (≪10 wt%), although the neat crystalline sample is highly opaque. This non‐crystallization phenomenon is induced by inhibition of the chain arrangement due to the existence of metal salts dispersed via coordination with pyridine‐ligands. By changing the fraction of pyridine‐ligands in the chain, it is found that the wider temperature range Tg tuning can be achieved for samples with higher ligand fractions.
Strategy for Preparing Mechanically Strong Hyaluronic Acid–Silica Nanohybrid Hydrogels via In Situ Sol–Gel Process
Authors: Lee Ho‐Yong , Kim Jinyoung , Hwang Chang‐Ha , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Jeong Seol‐Ha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA hybridization method to prepare a hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based nanohybrid hydrogel is proposed that introduces an additional inorganic silica network via an in situ sol–gel process. HA hydrogels have been extensively studied because of their excellent biocompatibility and biological functions; however, their poor mechanical strength hinders their use in tissue engineering applications. In the present work, the sol–gel technique is employed to achieve the formation of a structurally organized silica network in the HA hydrogel matrix rather than mixing of discrete particles with the HA polymer matrix. Importantly, the silica densification process results in significant enhancement of the mechanical properties. In addition, the nanohybrid hydrogels exhibit great degradation resistance and bioactivity on both fibroblast and pre‐osteoblast cells. Moreover, the physical characteristics and biological properties can be modulated by varying the silica content; these materials thus show great potential for a wide range of applications for soft and hard tissues.
Glyco‐pseudodendrimers on a Polyester Basis: Synthesis and Investigation of Protein–Pseudodendrimer Interaction
Authors: Firdaus Shamila , Geisler Martin , Friedel Peter , Banerjee Susanta , Appelhans Dietmar , Voit Brigitte , Lederer Albena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMolar mass and end group number of a hyperbranched polyester are significantly increased by its transformation to a pseudodendrimer. Three generations of pseudodendrimers are obtained from hyperbranched aliphatic polyester core by modification with a protected AB*2 monomer. A sequence of protection and deprotection steps leads to OH‐terminated pseudodendrimers. NMR studies confirm maximum degree of branching in the first generation, which slightly decreases in the next two generations. Uniform, dense molecular structure formation was confirmed by MD simulation. Further modification to glyco‐pseudodendrimers was performed with α‐D‐mannose leading to high molar masses and dense distribution of sugar units. The interaction of these sugar units with a plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A) was investigated using dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The protein‐interaction studies of the glyco‐pseudodendrimers confirm a loose network with Con A. The interaction activity depends on the generation number and modification degree.