bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perilaku Penyalahgunaan Obat Pada Komunitas Lesbian Di Kota Makassar
Authors: Fajarwati Ibnu Indra , Syafar Muh , Amalia Arismaya A. 
Published: December 2018

Lesbian merupakan salah satu kelompok yang mempunyai resiko tinggi menjadi seorang penyalahguna obat karena faktor pergaulan, trauma, konflik dan lingkungan. Penyalahgunaan obat pada komunitas lesbi terjadi karena kurang tersentuhnyaÂ komunitas tersebut sehingga seorang lesbi dapat menjadi pengguna obat-obatan karena dipengaruhi oleh perilaku pada masing-masing pergaulan dikomunitas lesbi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai perilaku lesbian terhadap penyalahgunaan obat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian adalah lesbian yang terdiri dariÂ terdiri dari 2 butchi (peran sebagai pria) dan 1 informan femm (peran sebagai wanita). Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa informan mulai menjadi lesbi sejak SD, SMP dan SMA dengan alasan ketertarikan sendiri yang sudah ada dalam diri dan karena pengaruh dari teman. Semua lesbi menggunakan obat dalam pergaulan di komunitas lesbinya. Jenis obat yang digunakan oleh lesbi yaitu somadril dan karnopen. Lesbi menggunakan obat dengan alasan untuk menghilangkan stress, membuat tenang, simbol sebagai anak gaul dan untuk melakukan seks. Untuk melakukan hubungan seksual dengan pasangannya, disamping minum obat tersebut, lesbi juga menggunakan vinger dan vibrator. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka disimpulkan bahwa perilaku lesbi sudah muncul sejak usia anak-anak hingga remaja. Perilaku ini kadang tidak sadari munculnya dengan berbagai alasan hingga lesbi terjebak dalam status yang membuat komunitas tersendiri demi pemuasan psikologi dan seksualnya. Perilaku berisiko yang dilakukan pun sering menyertai pergaulan lesbi seperti menggunakan obat penenang yang dapat mereka dapatkan diapotik untuk mengatasi stress dan melakukan seks. Hubungan seks dilakukan dengan pasangan lesbinya maupun dengan tante-tante bahkan kadang dengan teman lesbi apabila lesbi telah teler. Disarankan kepada Balai Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan untuk memperketat pengawasan terhadap pembelian obat-obat penenang di apotik-apotik.
Peran Trait Kepribadian terhadap Perilaku Mengemudi Pengendara Bermotor di Jakarta
Authors: Triman Arif , Bagaskara Sunu 
Published: December 2018

Meningkatnya angka kecelakaan tiap tahunnya menjadi permasalahan sendiri di Indonesia. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan faktor internal dari pengemudi seperti kepribadian berhubungan dengan perilaku para pengemudi di jalan raya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh kepribadian terhadap perilaku mengemudi berisiko (RDB) pada pengendara mobil dan sepeda motor di wilayah JABODETABEK. Sebanyak 318 pengemudi dalam rentang umur 16 sampai 57 tahun telah menyelesaikan kuesioner Big Five Inventory dan perilaku mengemudi berisiko (RDB) yang disebarkan secara online. Analisis regresi digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh antara kedua variabel ini. Hasil analisa menemukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan trait neuroticism, agreeableness dan conscientiousness terhadap RDB. Hasil penelitian ini turut mendukung penelitian terdahulu di mana kepribadian memegang peranan penting dalamÂ perilaku mengemudi yang aman
Peran Dukungan Sosial Keluarga terhadap Motivasi Menjaga Kesehatan Melalui Aktivitas Fisik pada Lansia
Authors: Ahadiningtyas Juliana Atmaja Rizka , Rahmatika Rina 
Published: December 2018

Individu yang telah lanjut usia (lansia) mengalami penurunan fungsi fisik seiring bertambahnya usia, oleh karena itu diperlukan dorongan untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik dalam menjaga kesehatan. Salah satu hal yang diperlukan adalah dukungan dari berbagai pihak seperti misalnya dukungan sosial keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui peran dari dukungan sosial keluarga terhadap motivasi menjaga kesehatan melalui aktivitas fisik pada lansia. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 101 orang lansia dengan kisaran usia 60-84 tahun (M=65,64; SD=5,973) di Jakarta. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah incidental sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Social Provisions Scale yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam Â bahasa Indonesia, untuk mengukur dukungan sosial keluarga dan Health Motivation in Physical Activity sebagai alat ukur motivasi menjaga kesehatan melalui aktivitas fisik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial keluarga berperan signifikan terhadap motivasi menjaga kesehatan melalui aktivitas fisik pada lansia (RÂ²=0,072; p=< 0,05). Hasil tersebut memiliki arti bahwa dukungan sosial keluarga memiliki peran sebesar 7,2% terhadap motivasi menjaga kesehatan terhadap lansia yang melakukan aktivitas fisik.
Teacher Quality Assessment Tool Through Module / Subject
Authors: Luc Khong Huu , Ngoc Le Duc , Ngoc Tran Xuan 
Published: December 2018

Assessment the quality of lecturer teaching in each subject/module quantified through 4 functions: Examination points end each subject/module; Feedback of the learners; the implementation of the rules, regulations; The number of students attend class. In the process of applying this toolkit, coefficients of these functions can be changed suitable for each school, in each different context.
Keywords
Assessment, assessment of teaching quality, function
References
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Estimation of genome-wide and locus-specific breed composition in pigs1
Authors: Funkhouser Scott A. , Bates Ronald O. , Ernst Catherine W. , Newcom Doug , Steibel Juan Pedro 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Advances in pig genomic technologies enable implementation of new methods to estimate breed composition, allowing innovative and efficient ways to evaluate and ensure breed and line background. Existing methods to test for homozygosity at key loci involve test mating the animal in question and observing phenotypic patterns among offspring, requiring extensive resources. In this study, whole-genome pig DNA microarray data from over 8,000 SNP was used to profile the composition of U.S. registered purebred pigs using a refined linear regression method that enhances the interpretation of coefficients. In a simulation analysis, a strong correlation between true and estimated breed composition was observed (R2 = 0.94). Applying these methods to 930 Yorkshire animals registered with the National Swine Registry, 95% were estimated to have a “genome-wide” Yorkshire breed composition of at least 0.825 or 82.5%, with similar performance for evaluating datasets of registered Duroc (n = 88) Landrace (n = 129), and Hampshire (n = 17) breeds. We also developed new methods to evaluate locus-based breed probabilities. Such methods have been applied to multi-locus SNP genotypes flanking the KIT gene known to predominantly control coat color, thereby inferring the probability that an animal has haplotypes in the KIT region that are predominant in white breeds. These methods have been adopted by the National Swine Registry as a means to identify purebred Yorkshire animals.
Effects of dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product to sows and their offspring on growth and meat quality
Authors: Shen Y. B. , Fellner V. , Yoon I. , Kim S. W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of long term dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) in the diets for sows and offspring on growth performance, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acid production, and carcass characteristics of offspring. Newly weaned pigs (n = 256) were allotted to 4 treatments based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Each treatment had 8 pens with 8 pigs per pen. First factor was maternal dietary effects (no SCFP, or SCFP at 12.0 and 15.0 g/d through gestation and lactation, respectively) and the second factor was dietary supplementation of SCFP to offspring (no SCFP, or SCFP at 0.2 and 0.1% for nursery and finisher, respectively). Pigs were on a 6-phase feeding program with assigned diets from nursery to slaughter. Body weights (BW) and feeder weights were measured at the end of each phase. On d 5 after weaning, 1 pig per pen was euthanized to evaluate intestinal morphology and volatile fatty acid production. At 115 kg of BW, 1 pig from each pen was slaughtered to measure carcass characteristics. Feeding diets with SCFP to sows or to their offspring had no effect on BW, overall average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed (G:F) ratio during the nursery or finisher period. Feeding SCFP to sows tended to increase (P = 0.098) cecal butyric acid production in their offspring. Pigs with SCFP tended to have a greater (P = 0.084) concentration of acetic acid but a reduced (P = 0.054) propionic acid in colon digesta than pigs without SCFP regardless of maternal feeding regimen. Loin marbling scores were greater (P = 0.043) in pigs with SCFP than those without SCFP regardless of maternal feeding regimen. Overall, supplementation of SCFP in sow diets did not affect growth performance or intestinal morphology of their offspring. Supplementation of SCFP in diets of offspring from nursery to slaughter had little effect on growth performance. However, inclusion of SCFP from nursery to slaughter improved marbling score possibly by increased acetic acid and butyric acid production in the large intestine.
Yeast Pro- and Paraprobiotics Have the Capability to Bind Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Animal Disease1
Authors: Posadas Gabriel A. , Broadway Paul R. , Thornton Justin A. , Carroll Jeffery A. , Lawrence Amanda , Corley Jimmie R. , Thompson Amber , Donaldson Janet R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Live yeast probiotics and yeast cell wall components (paraprobiotics) may serve as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in prevention and treatment of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics and paraprobiotics can bind directly to pathogens, which limits binding of the pathogens to the intestinal cells and also facilitates removal from the host. However, knowledge of bacterial binding, specificity, and/or capability is limited with regard to probiotics or paraprobiotics. The goal of this study was to characterize the qualitative and quantitative nature of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotics and three S. cerevisiae paraprobiotics to adhere to thirteen different pathogenic bacteria using scanning electron miscroscopy and filtration assays. On average, the yeast probiotics (LYA and LYB) exhibited overall greater (P &lt; 0.05) adhesion to the pathogenic bacteria tested (41% and 34%) in comparison to paraprobiotics (23%, 21%, and 22%), though variations were observed between pathogens tested. The ability of Salmonella and Listeria to utilize components of the yeast as a nutrient source was also tested. Bacteria were cultured in media with limited carbon and supplemented with cell free extracts of the probiotics and paraprobiotics. Salmonella exhibited growth, indicating these pathogens could utilize the yeast lysates as a carbon source. Listeria monocytogenes had limited growth in only one of the lysates tested. Together, these data indicate that the interaction between probiotics and paraprobiotics occurs in a strain dependent mechanism. Administration of probiotics and paraprobiotics as therapeutics therefore needs to be specific against the bacterial pathogen target.
Weaned pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella display sexually dimorphic innate immune responses without affecting pathogen colonization patterns1,2,3
Authors: Burdick Sanchez Nicole C. , Broadway Paul R. , Carroll Jeffery A. , Gart Elena V. , Bryan Laura K. , Lawhon Sara D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Sexually dimorphic innate immune responses have been observed in several species, but have not been studied in response to a live pathogen challenge in pigs. This study aimed to elucidate sexually dimorphic innate immune responses along with Salmonella translocation patterns in newly weaned pigs orally inoculated with Salmonella. Newly weaned pigs (n = 8 gilts and 12 barrows; 6.2 ± 0.2 kg BW) were obtained from a commercial swine facility and were maintained in an environmentally-controlled facility in individual pens equipped with feeders and nipple waterers. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to a commercial non-medicated starter ration and water throughout the study. On d 12 post-weaning, pigs were anesthetized to allow placement of a temperature measuring device in the abdominal cavity for measurement of intraperitoneal temperature (TEMP). On d 17, pigs were anesthetized and fitted with indwelling jugular vein catheters. On the following day (d 18), pigs were orally inoculated with 4.7x109Salmonella typhimurium. Blood samples were collected at 0.5-h intervals from -2 to 8 h, and at 8-h intervals from 8 to 72 h post-challenge. Whole blood was analyzed for complete blood cell counts. Serum was isolated for measurement of cortisol. Following collection of the 72 h sample, pigs were humanely euthanized and tissues were collected for Salmonella isolation. There was a sex × time interaction (P &lt; 0.001) for TEMP such that gilts had a greater TEMP response to the Salmonella challenge compared to barrows. There was also a sex × time interaction (P = 0.03) for serum cortisol with gilts having decreased cortisol at 16 h yet greater cortisol at 32 h than barrows. Barrows had greater total white blood cells (17.8 vs. 16.2 ± 0.4 103 cells/μL; P &lt; 0.01; respectively) and neutrophils (7.8 vs. 6.1 ± 0.4 103 cells/μL; P &lt; 0.01; respectively) than gilts. However, gilts had greater lymphocytes (9.6 vs. 9.0 ± 0.2 103 cells/μL; P = 0.05; respectively) than barrows. While immune parameters were influenced by sex, there was no effect of sex (P &gt; 0.05) on Salmonella concentrations from fecal shedding 3 d post-inoculation in the cecum, mesenteric and subiliac lymph nodes, liver, spleen, gallbladder, or kidney tissues. These data demonstrate that weaned gilts appear to produce a stronger acute phase response to a Salmonella challenge compared to barrows, without affecting the tissue translocation or shedding of Salmonella.
Concentrations of minerals in pig feed ingredients commonly used in China1
Authors: Huang C. F. , Stein H. H. , Zhang L. Y. , Li Defa , Lai C. H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMineral concentrations were determined in 13 different feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets. Ingredients included corn and 4 corn co-products: corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn germ meal, and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Wheat, wheat bran, and wheat shorts were also included, and 5 oilseed meals including soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal were used as well. Corn grain contained 88.7% dry matter (DM) and 0.46% K (DM basis). Greater concentrations of DM, ash, Ca, P, nonphytate P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were observed in corn gluten feed, corn DDGS, and corn germ meal compared with corn grain (P &lt; 0.05). In general, minerals in corn DDGS were approximately three times greater than in corn grain and about 90% of the total P in corn DDGS was in the nonphytate bound form. Corn gluten meal had the least concentrations (P &lt; 0.05) of most minerals, but the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations of Fe (373.55 mg/kg, DM basis), Cu (11.88 mg/kg, DM basis), and Se (0.92 mg/kg, DM basis). On a DM-basis, concentrations of DM, Ca, P, phytate bound P, and Fe in wheat grain were 88.2%, 0.10%, 0.34%, 0.16%, and 53.48 mg/kg, respectively. Wheat bran contained more (P &lt; 0.05) K, Mg, Cl, Fe, Zn, and Mn compared with wheat and wheat shorts. On a DM-basis, 2.72% K was observed in soybean meal, which was more (P &lt; 0.05) than in the other oilseed meals. However, rapeseed meal had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) concentration of ash (9.37%), Ca (1.01%), P (1.05%), and Fe (526.49 mg/kg) among the oilseed meals, but only 16.2% of the total P in rapeseed meal was non-phytate P. In contrast, more than 50% of the P in soybean meal and peanut meal was non-phytate P. The least (P &lt; 0.05) concentration of Cu (6.73 mg/kg, DM basis) was observed in rapeseed meal and the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) concentration (32.75 mg/kg) was analyzed in sunflower meal. Concentrations of most minerals in soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal varied considerably compared with published values. In conclusion, the concentration of minerals in 13 commonly used feed ingredients were analyzed and results indicated considerable variation among and within feed ingredients for most minerals, which for some minerals may be a result of differences in minerals in the soil in which the ingredients were grown, but processing likely also contributes to differences among ingredients.
Impacts of maternal nutrition on uterine and placental vascularity and mRNA expression of angiogenic factors during the establishment of pregnancy in beef heifers1
Authors: McLean K. J. , Crouse M. S. , Crosswhite M. R. , Pereira N. Negrin , Dahlen C. R. , Borowicz P. P. , Reynolds L. P. , Ward A. K. , Neville B. W. , Caton J. S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We hypothesized that maternal nutrient restriction starting at the time of breeding would influence placental vascular development and gene expression of angiogenic factors during the first 50 d of gestation in beef heifers. Commercial Angus crossbred heifers (n = 49) were maintained on a total mixed ration and supplemented with dried distillers grains with solubles. All heifers were subject to 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR estrous synchronization protocol, AI to a single Angus sire, and randomly assigned to dietary treatments. One half were assigned to control diet (CON) targeted to gain 0.45 kg/d and the remaining half were assigned to restricted diet (RES), which received 60% of CON. Heifers were subjected to ovariohysterectomy on d 16, 34, or 50 of gestation. Utero-placental tissues were obtained from the uterine horns ipsilateral and contralateral to the corpus luteum and separated into maternal caruncle (CAR); maternal endometrium, inter-caruncle (ICAR), and fetal membranes (FM). After collection, all tissues were snap frozen and stored at –80°C. There were no treatment × stage of gestation interactions (P &gt;0.13) on the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Heifers on CON treatment had greater (P = 0.03) expression of VEGF compared with RES heifers in NP-ICAR. On d 50 expression of eNOS was increased (P = 0.05) compared with d 16 in P-CAR. Expression of eNOS mRNA was decreased (P = 0.04) on d 16 compared with d 34 and 50 in CON heifer. Gene expression of eNOS was increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the pregnant uterine horn compared with the NP uterine horn on d 34 and 50. Expression of eNOS was also increased (P &lt; 0.003) on d 34 and 50 in the pregnant uterine horn compared with FM. There was a maternal nutritional plane × stage of gestation interaction (P = 0.01) on the vascular ratio (vascular volume/tissue volume) in maternal tissues. The RES heifers had a greater vascular ratio on d 16 compared with d 34 and 50; whereas, CON heifers had a greater vascular ratio on d 34 compared with d 16 and 50. In the NP uterine horn, there was also an increase (P = 0.02) in vascular volume of FM from CON heifers compared with FM from RES heifers. We conclude that maternal nutrient restriction did alter both vascularity and mRNA expression of angiogenic factor in utero-placental tissues during the establishment of pregnancy in first parity beef heifers.
Development of highly digestible animal feed from lignocellulosic biomass Part 2: Oxidative lime pretreatment (OLP) and shock treatment of corn stover1
Authors: Falls M. , Meysing D. , Liang C. , Karim M. N. , Carstens G. , Tedeschi L. O. , Holtzapple M. T. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Oxidative lime pretreatment (OLP) increases lignocellulose digestibility by removing lignin and hemicellulose acetyl content. Digestibility is improved further by adding mechanical shock treatment, which subjects aqueous slurry of biomass to an explosive pressure pulse. Shock treatment mechanically disrupts the microscopic structure while maintaining the macroscopic integrity of the biomass particle. This study determined the effectiveness of these pretreatments to enhance the ruminant digestibility of corn stover. In terms of compositional changes, OLP and shock treatment should negatively affect the feed value of corn stover; however, digestibility analysis provides a significantly different conclusion. With corn stover, shock + OLP improved the 48-h neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) to 79.0 g neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digested/100 g NDF fed, compared to 49.3 for raw corn stover. The 48-h in vitro total digestible nutrients (TDNom, g nutrients digested/100 g OM) was 51.9 (raw), 59.7 (OLP), and 72.6 (shock + OLP). Adding extracted corn stover solubles to shock + OLP increased TDNom to 74.9. When enough solubilized chicken feathers were added to match the protein content of corn grain, TDNom increases to 75.5, which is only 12.6 less than corn grain.