bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect effects of father‐daughter relationship on adolescent girls’ psychological outcomes: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction
Authors: Sağkal Ali Serdar , Özdemir Yalçın , Koruklu Nermin 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTFathers play a salient role in the children's development, especially in daughters. In this study, we examined the direct and indirect effects of father‐daughter relationship on psychological outcomes of adolescent girls. A total of 310 adolescent girls aged between 14 and 18 (M = 15.88,SD = 0.89) of a Turkish population‐based sample completed a battery of self‐report surveys measuring perceptions related to father‐daughter relationship, basic psychological need satisfaction, well‐being, and ill‐being. Structural equation modelling results indicated that father‐daughter relationship is directly related to higher levels of well‐being and lower levels of ill‐being. Besides, results demonstrated that indirect effects of basic psychological need satisfaction on the link between father‐daughter relationship and psychological outcomes were significant. These findings suggest that father‐daughter relationship significantly influences mental health of adolescent girls and this effect is mediated by basic psychological need satisfaction. Implications for counseling interventions and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Does the association between mindful parenting and adolescents’ dispositional mindfulness depend on the levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology in mothers?
Authors: Moreira Helena , Canavarro Maria Cristina 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe current study aims to investigate whether mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness differ as a function of maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and to explore the moderating role of these symptoms on the relationship between mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness. A sample of 685 mother‐adolescent dyads was collected in Portuguese public schools. Mothers completed self‐reported measures of mindful parenting and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and adolescents (aged 10–18 years) completed a measure of dispositional mindfulness. Mothers with clinically significant symptomatology levels reported lower levels of mindful parenting than those with normal symptomatology. Almost all mindful parenting dimensions were significantly associated with adolescents' mindfulness, but only under lower or moderate levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology. These findings suggest that parental factors play a key role in adolescents' mindfulness skills and underline the detrimental effect of maternal psychopathology on mindful parenting and on its link with adolescents’ mindfulness.
Objectively measured physical activity profile and cognition in Finnish elderly twins
Authors: Iso‐Markku Paula , Waller Katja , Vuoksimaa Eero , Vähä‐Ypyä Henri , Lindgren Noora , Heikkilä Kauko , Sievänen Harri , Rinne Juha , Kaprio Jaakko , Kujala Urho M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe studied whether objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are associated with cognition in Finnish elderly twins.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprised twins born in Finland from 1940 to 1944 in the Older Finnish Twin Cohort (mean age, 72.9 years; 726 persons). From 2014 to 2016, cognition was assessed with a validated telephonic interview, whereas PA was measured with a waist‐worn accelerometer.ResultsIn between‐family models, SB and light physical activity had significant linear associations with cognition after adjusting for age, sex, wearing time, education level, body mass index, and living condition (SB: β‐estimate, −0.21 [95% confidence intervals, −0.42 to −0.003]; light physical activity: β‐estimate, 0.30 [95% confidence intervals, 0.02–0.58]). In within‐family models, there were no significant linear associations between objectively measured PA and cognition.DiscussionObjectively measured light physical activity and SB are associated with cognition in Finnish twins in their seventies, but the associations were attributable to genetic and environmental selection.
Abundance of Light‐Absorbing Anthropogenic Iron Oxide Aerosols in the Urban Atmosphere and Their Emission Sources
Authors: Ohata Sho , Yoshida Atsushi , Moteki Nobuhiro , Adachi Kouji , Takahashi Yoshio , Kurisu Minako , Koike Makoto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLight‐absorbing iron oxide (FeOx) aerosols such as magnetite contribute to shortwave atmospheric heating and possibly affect the biogeochemical cycle. However, their atmospheric abundance and emission sources are poorly understood. In this study, we quantified the abundance and mixing states of FeOx at two urban sites in Tokyo and Chiba, Japan, using a modified single‐particle soot photometer and filter‐based instruments. At both sites, the majority of the FeOx were of anthropogenic origin in the form of aggregated magnetite nanoparticles, and their concentrations generally correlated with those of black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide. In Chiba, where the observatory was located near an integrated steel plant, we observed distinctly high FeOx concentrations and high FeOx/BC concentration ratios when the air mass passed through the plant. From the observed FeOx plumes with the mass equivalent diameter range of 170–2,100 nm, we made an estimate of their emission flux to be approximately 0.012% of the crude steel production, assuming that a Gaussian plume approximation was applicable to our data analysis. Meanwhile, in Tokyo, where the observatory was 20–40 km northwest of steel plants, the FeOx concentrations and FeOx/BC ratios showed clear diurnal variations and depended little on wind direction. This indicates that other human activities also locally produce FeOx aerosols in Tokyo. Our data imply that although steel plant activities emit a large amount of FeOx, emissions from other anthropogenic sources, for example, motor vehicles, have a major contribution to the abundance of FeOx aerosols at the regional and global scales.
Satellite‐Based Daily PM2.5 Estimates During Fire Seasons in Colorado
Authors: Geng Guannan , Murray Nancy L. , Tong Daniel , Fu Joshua S. , Hu Xuefei , Lee Pius , Meng Xia , Chang Howard H. , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe western United States has experienced increasing wildfire activities, which have negative effects on human health. Epidemiological studies on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfires are limited by the lack of accurate high‐resolution PM2.5 exposure data over fire days. Satellite‐based aerosol optical depth (AOD) data can provide additional information in ground PM2.5 concentrations and has been widely used in previous studies. However, the low background concentration, complex terrain, and large wildfire sources add to the challenge of estimating PM2.5 concentrations in the western United States. In this study, we applied a Bayesian ensemble model that combined information from the 1 km resolution AOD products derived from the Multi‐angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm, Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations, and ground measurements to predict daily PM2.5 concentrations over fire seasons (April to September) in Colorado for 2011–2014. Our model had a 10‐fold cross‐validated R2 of 0.66 and root‐mean‐squared error of 2.00 μg/m3, outperformed the multistage model, especially on the fire days. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations over large fire events were successfully captured. The modeling technique demonstrated in this study could support future short‐term and long‐term epidemiological studies of wildfire PM2.5.
A Comparison of Cloud Classification Methodologies: Differences Between Cloud and Dynamical Regimes
Authors: McDonald A. J. , Parsons S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClassifications of cloud data into Cloud Regimes (CRs) and compositing based on meteorological parameters, Dynamic Regimes (DRs), are often used in the analysis of clouds. We compare CR and DR classifications to understand the relative merits of these approaches and develop a comparison methodology for future studies. We apply the Self‐Organizing Map technique to International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) D1 joint histograms to produce a CR and ERA‐Interim pressure vertical velocity output to produce a DR. The CR created improves the separation between high‐level CRs compared to previous work. Composites of ISCCP joint histogram data using the DR produce coherent groupings similar to those in the CR scheme particularly in regions of ascent. Both classifications display coherent geographical patterns and reproduce relationships between vertical velocity and cloud properties. However, the CR produces more coherent clusters with higher intracluster similarity and a greater range of independent cloud classes. Independent tests of composites using ISCCP FD output show that the regional variability of longwave cloud radiative effect for particular nodes are significantly higher in the DR than the CR scheme suggesting a poorer classification. Composite mean CloudSat reflectivity‐altitude joint histograms represent all major cloud types in the CR scheme, while the current DR grouping is less coherent and misses classes. This suggests that the CR scheme is a more useful classification than the DR scheme based solely on vertical velocity data. Contingency table analysis indicates a low association between these classifications, suggesting combining these schemes would be valuable.
Forecasting Rapid Drought Intensification Using the Climate Forecast System (CFS)
Authors: Lorenz D. J. , Otkin J. A. , Svoboda M. , Hain C. R. , Zhong Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, a statistical method is developed to generate probabilistic forecasts of U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM)‐depicted drought intensification over two‐, four‐, and six‐week time periods using recent observations and forecast model output from the Climate Forecasting System (CFS). The predictors used include weekly anomalies in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, dew point depression, and soil moisture computed over different time lags. A comparison between the baseline skill obtained using recent observations only and the skill obtained by adding CFS forecast fields as predictors shows that the inclusion of CFS model output leads to only a very modest increase in skill (about 14% increase in variance explained over the central and eastern United States). An analysis of this result reveals that the small increase in skill is due to limited skill in the CFS forecasts themselves, rather than to a time delay in the USDM response to conditions on the ground. Perfect model experiments also show that not all forecast lead times are equally important. For example, in the upper Midwest and western United States, the first two weeks account for at least two thirds of the total realizable skill for a four‐week forecast.
Catchment‐Scale Shifts in the Magnitude and Partitioning of Carbon Export in Response to Changing Hydrologic Connectivity in a Northern Hardwood Forest
Authors: Senar Oscar E. , Webster Kara L. , Creed Irena F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe capacity of forest soils to store organic carbon is influenced by changing hydrologic connectivity. We hypothesized that hydrologic connectivity, the water‐mediated transfer of matter and energy between different landscape positions, controls the partitioning between aquatic and atmospheric soil carbon fates. Results from a 5‐year study of a northern hardwood forested catchment indicated that hydrologic connectivity affected both the magnitude and fate of carbon export. Atmospheric carbon export was the major export pathway from the catchment; its rate was regulated by topographic position (i.e., uplands, ecotones, and wetlands) but enhanced or supressed through changes in soil moisture and hydrologic connectivity. Wetter soil conditions reduced CO2 flux from the ecotones and wetlands where microbial respiration was oxygen‐limited, whereas drier soil conditions that decreased hydrologic connectivity increased CO2 flux by relieving the oxygen limitation. In contrast, aquatic carbon export was a minor export pathway from the catchment and was driven by hydrologic connectivity, with less carbon export during relatively low discharge years. Past trends suggest a shift to a warmer climate and changes in the timing, duration, and intensity of hydrologic connectivity that are leading to an increase in annual atmospheric carbon export but a decrease in annual aquatic carbon export, despite the intensification of autumn storms. The increase in atmospheric carbon export creates a positive feedback for climate warming that will further disrupt hydrologic connectivity and aquatic carbon export, with consequences for downstream streams and lakes.
Adding Depth to Our Understanding of Nitrogen Dynamics in Permafrost Soils
Authors: Salmon Verity G. , Schädel Christina , Bracho Rosvel , Pegoraro Elaine , Celis Gerardo , Mauritz Marguerite , Mack Michelle C. , Schuur Edward A. G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLosses of C from decomposing permafrost may be offset by increased productivity of tundra plants, but nitrogen availability partially limits plant growth in tundra ecosystems. In this soil incubation experiment carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling dynamics were examined from the soil surface down through upper permafrost. We found that losses of CO2were negatively correlated to net N mineralization because C‐rich surface soils mineralized little N, while deep soils had low rates of C respiration but high rates of net N mineralization. Permafrost soils released a large flush of inorganic N when initially thawed. Depth‐specific rates of N mineralization from the incubation were combined with thaw depths and soil temperatures from a nearby manipulative warming experiment to simulate the potential magnitude, timing, and depth of inorganic N release during the process of permafrost thaw. Our calculations show that inorganic N released from newly thawed permafrost may be similar in magnitude to the increase in N mineralized by warmed soils in the middle of the profile. The total release of inorganic N from the soil profile during the simulated thaw process was twice the size of the observed increase in the foliar N pool observed at the manipulative experiment. Our findings suggest that increases in N availability are likely to outpace the N demand of tundra plants during the first 5 years of permafrost thaw and may increase C losses from surface soils as well as induce denitrification and leaching of N from these ecosystems.
What Is the Range of Soil Water Density? Critical Reviews With a Unified Model
Authors: Zhang Chao , Lu Ning 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe soil water density is defined as the ratio of soil water mass to soil water volume. It is a cornerstone in defining thermodynamic states of either saturated or unsaturated soils for quantifying water storage and movement in the subsurface and for mechanical stability of landscape. So far, it has been widely treated as identical to the free water density, that is, a constant of 0.997 g/cm3, but can be remarkably different from this value as it is subject to a wide range of variation in energy levels. Some experimental and theoretical evidence indicate that it can be as high as 1.680 g/cm3 and as low as 0.752 g/cm3. However, to date, there is no unanimous agreement upon a reliable experimental method to measure the soil water density or a unified theory to explain why and how the soil water density can deviate remarkably from the free water density. Consequently, the understanding of the soil water density is controversial and elusive, or some theories are contradictory to each other. In this review, the authors will (1) conduct critical reviews on the experimental and theoretical methodologies to identify their limitations, flaws, and uncertainties, (2) synthesize some recent findings on intermolecular forces, interfacial interactions, and soil water retention mechanisms to clarify molecular‐scale physicochemical mechanisms governing the soil water density, and (3) propose a unified model to quantify soil water density variation. It is found that capillarity associated with surface tension tends to generate tensile stress in soil water and thereby decreases the soil water density, whereas adsorption stemmed from cation hydration, surface hydration, and interlamellar cation hydration tends to produce compressive stress thus increases the soil water density. Furthermore, the abnormally high water density greater than 1.15 g/cm3 is a result of cation and surface hydration that involves significant water structure change around exchangeable cations and mineral surface hydroxyls. The unified soil water density model, explicitly quantifying adsorptive and capillary water, could potentially reconcile the unresolved controversies. The critical reviews and the unified model also would allow us to further confine the upper and lower bounds of the soil water density. The upper bound is theoretically inferred to be around 1.872 g/cm3, whereas the lower bound is around 0.995 g/cm3; both are higher than that reported in the literature. With the unified model and measured soil water retention curves, it is demonstrated quantitatively that the soil water density significantly impacts the magnitude of various fundamental soil properties such as matric potential, specific surface area, and volumetric water content. The abnormally high soil water density has significant implications to the conventional concepts of matric potential and pore water pressure in soils and other earthen porous materials.
Alternative assessment of knee joint muscle balance of soccer players through total work‐based hamstring: quadriceps ratios
Authors: Minozzo Felipe , Lopez Pedro , Machado Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo , Wilhelm Eurico Nestor , Grazioli Rafael , Pinto Ronei Silveira 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIsokinetic hamstring‐to‐quadriceps (H:Q) ratios are frequently used to assess knee muscle strength imbalances and risk of injuries/re‐injuries. The use of peak torque (PT) or total work (TW) to estimate joint stability may lead to different results because of the differences between these two neuromuscular variables. Thus, the current study aimed to compare the conventional and functional H:Q ratios calculated by PT and TW. Ninety‐three male professional soccer players from Brazilian first division teams performed isokinetic concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps and the hamstrings at 60°/s. Muscle strength balance was calculated using the conventional torque ratio (CTR) and conventional work ratio (CWR), functional torque ratio (FTR) and functional work ratio (FWR) were highly and moderately correlated between them (r = 0.83 and r = 0.73, respectively). The Wilcoxon statistical test revealed significant differences between CTR and CWR, as well as FTR and FWR (p < 0.05). T‐test demonstrated significant differences in mean CTR–CWR and FTR–FWR, whereas Bland–Altman plots showed non‐consistent bias. In addition, the chi‐square test demonstrated significant differences between players below the conventional reference values and functional reference values (p < 0.001). In conclusion, TW ratios seem to provide distinct and additional information regarding the H:Q strength balance in professional soccer players. Moreover, taking into account that TW captures torque information throughout the entire range of motion, it is possible that TW ratios represent a more comprehensive assessment of muscle strength imbalance.
What Is the Use Value of Irrigation Water from the High Plains Aquifer?
Authors: García Suárez Federico , Fulginiti Lilyan E. , Perrin Richard K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study provides an estimate of the gross value of irrigation water from the U.S. High Plains Aquifer. We estimate a yield function for aggregated crop biomass production, based on county‐level observations for 1960–2007. This study found that irrigation increases total biomass yield in this region by an average of 51%. We estimate the average gross annual value of irrigation as of 2007 to be $196 per acre, for a total of about $3 billion across the aquifer. We also estimate that on average across the aquifer, exposure to 24 hours of temperatures above 33°C (one degree day) reduces biomass yield by 3%, with a value in 2007 of about $10 per acre.
Increased Resting Heart Rate on Electrocardiogram Relative to In-office Pulse Rate Indicates Cardiac Overload: The J-HOP Study
Authors: Oba Yusuke , Hoshide Satoshi , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Heart rate (HR) assessed by electrocardiogram (ECG-HR) and pulse rate (PR) measured in a physician’s office (office-PR) are taken with subjects in different body positions—i.e., supine vs. sitting. Although analysis of HR differences according to body position could provide new practical insights, there have been few studies on the subject. We herein investigated whether the difference between office-PR and ECG-HR (delta HR) was associated with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and left ventricular mass (LVM).

METHODS
Among the 4,310 patients with 1 or more cardiovascular risk factors recruited for the Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure study, we excluded those with atrial fibrillation or a prescribed β-blocker. We analyzed the 2,972 patients who had ECG-HR, office-PR, and BNP data and 1,061 patients with echocardiography data.

RESULTS
In the complete patient series, office-PR was significantly higher than ECG-HR (72.1 ± 10.3 vs. 66.6 ± 11.9 bpm, P &lt; 0.001). When we divided patients into quintiles based on the delta HR, the BNP level and LVM index (LVMI) decreased across categories after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (each P ≤ 0.001). In a multiple linear regression analysis, the delta HR was independently and significantly associated with both the log-transformed BNP level (β = −0.179, P &lt; 0.001) and LVMI (β = −0.113, P = 0.001) adjusted for covariates.

CONCLUSION
A decreased delta HR was positively associated with the BNP level and LVMI. Without the requirement of a special technique, this evaluation might indicate potential cardiac overload and provide a clinical sign related to heart failure.