bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by a Sol-Gel Processing
Authors: Kayani Zohra N. , Saleem Mehawish , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad , Saleemi Farhat 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on CR-39 by a sol-gel dip coating route with different withdrawal speeds ranging from 250 to 350 mm/s. The TiO2 thin films were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and ultraviolet (UV)-visible (VIS)-near infrared (NIR) spectro-photometry. The role of withdrawal speed on the thickness of thin films to tailor properties of TiO2 thin films was studied. The XRD results revealed that all the films are amorphous in nature. TiO2 thin films deposited at different withdrawal speeds exhibit a decrease in transmission with an increase in speed. The direct optical band gap of the films has been estimated to be in the range 3.48–3.00 eV by UV-VIS-NIR spectro-photometry and 3.52–3.38 eV by ellipsometry. TiO2 is a potential prospect in microelectronic applications and can serve as an absorber layer for photovoltaic devices. Surface morphology is granular with an increase in grain size and an increase in withdrawal speed.
Components of rice husk biochar in promoting the growth, sporulation and iturin A production of Bacillus sp. strain IA
Authors: Ebe Shohei , Ohike Tatsuya , Okanami Masahiro , Ano Takashi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In a previously study, the Bacillus sp. strain IA was successfully isolated with high sensitivity to rice husk biochar (RHB). Moreover, RHB promoted an antibiotic iturin A production by strain IA. In order to develop the biocontrol agent, we attempted to reveal the functions of the RHB in promoting the production of iturin A by strain IA. The promotion effects of growth, sporulation and iturin A production of strain IA by the RHB were explained as follows. First, the manganese ion, released from RHB, promoted the sporulation and iturin A production of strain IA. Second, the silicon dioxide contained in RHB adsorbed the metabolic inhibitor(s) and promoted the iturin A production of strain IA. Finally, the combination of manganese ion and silicon dioxide promoted the growth, sporulation and iturin A production of the Bacillus sp. strain IA. To culture strain IA in the medium combining manganese ion and silicon dioxide, the total cells, spore cells and iturin A production increased 15 times, 10,000 times and 18 times higher than the control medium, respectively.
Actitudes lingüísticas de los hispanohablantes hacia su propia lengua: nuevos alcances
Authors: Quesada Pacheco Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Most research works on language attitudes, which have been done within the Hispanic world, deal with issues where Spanish is usually confronted with other languages (American Indian languages, Catalan, Valencian, Galician, Equatorial Guinean languages, English, etc.), or about attitudes in some Spanish-speaking countries with respect to other varieties of Spanish, both in the Americas and Spain. However, a global, comprehensive study, which would include all Spanish speaking countries, and which would assess their attitudes, beliefs and prejudices equally, was missing, so that it would have been possible to count for a thorough and at the same time comparative study about how Spanish speakers evaluate not only their own speech, but the speech of others around them. The present study describes in broad strokes the most recent research and their new contributions in the Spanish-speaking world.
ASSESSMENT OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF RAW MEATBALLS PREPARED WITH HIGH PRESSURIZED MEAT
Authors: UZUNLU Sinan 
Published: March 2019

Raw Meatball (Çiğ Köfte) is a
traditional Turkish food prepared from raw beef or lamb meat, bulgur, tomato
and/or pepper paste, spices, and condiments that is treated with any process
and consumed raw. In this study, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was applied to
post-rigor minced beef meat at 50–300 MPa for 20 mins at room temperature
to improve safety of Çiğ Köfte. Physicochemical (aw, moisture, pH,
and colour) and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria analyses were performed on
both minced beef and raw meatball samples. Significant (P &lt;0.05)
differences caused by the HHP treatment were observed in the physicochemical
and microbial analyses: Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts decreased as
HHP levels increased. Therefore, it is concluded that HHP treatment is a
promising process for preparing Çiğ Köfte while maintaining its traditional
recipe. The application of the current study is expected therefore, would be a
new insight for ready-to-eat food sector.
Isolation of Fission Yeast Condensin Temperature-Sensitive Mutants with Single Amino Acid Substitutions Targeted to Hinge Domain
Authors: Xu Xingya , Yanagida Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEssential genes cannot be deleted from the genome; therefore, temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants and cold-sensitive (cs) mutants are very useful to discover functions of essential genes in model organisms such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To isolate ts/cs mutants for essential genes of interest, error-prone mutagenesis (or random mutagenesis) coupled with in vitro selection has been widely used. However, this method often introduces multiple silent mutations, in addition to the mutation responsible for ts/cs, with the result that one cannot discern which mutation is responsible for the ts/cs phenotype. In addition, the location of the responsible mutation introduced is random, whereas it is preferable to isolate ts/cs mutants with single amino acid substitutions, located in a targeted motif or domain of the protein of interest. To solve these problems, we have developed a method to isolate ts/cs mutants with single amino acid substitutions in targeted regions using site-directed mutagenesis. This method takes advantage of the empirical fact that single amino acid substitutions (L/S -&gt; P or G/A -&gt; E/D) often cause ts or cs. Application of the method to condensin and cohesin hinge domains was successful: ∼20% of the selected single amino acid substitutions turned out to be ts or cs. This method is versatile in fission yeast and is expected to be broadly applicable to isolate ts/cs mutants with single amino acid substitutions in targeted regions of essential genes. 11 condensin hinge ts mutants were isolated using the method and their responsible mutations are broadly distributed in hinge domain. Characterization of these mutants will be very helpful to understand the function of hinge domain.
Análisis Político del Discurso e investigación empírica: herramientas teóricas y estrategias metodológicas para estudiar identidades y procesos políticos desde América Latina
Authors: Fair Hernán 
Published: March 2019

Este artículo ofrece algunas herramientas teóricas y elabora algunas estrategias metodológicas consistentes y útiles para profundizar y fortalecer el Análisis Político del Discurso y la investigación empírica de identidades, fenómenos y procesos histórico-políticos, enfocados en los problemas de y para América Latina. En primer lugar, distingue, desde la Teoría Política del Discurso de Laclau, dimensiones, planos y niveles internos. Luego, operacionaliza algunos de los principales conceptos de la teoría de la hegemonía desde el análisis de los enunciados textuales-escritos y la delimitación de tres niveles ascendentes de estructuración de los discursos. Por último, articula el artefacto con algunas herramientas complementarias de teoría y sociología política, y análisis del discurso político para estudiar los enunciados de los actores sociales, sus formas de organización colectiva y sus diferentes grados de institucionalización. El trabajo incluye algunos ejemplos ilustrativos de investigaciones previas situadas en América Latina para mostrar el funcionamiento del artefacto teórico-metodológico desde la dinámica política de la lucha por la hegemonía.
Aportes sobre la cooperación científico-tecnológica entre Argentina y Colombia (2007-2015)
Authors: López María Paz 
Published: March 2019

Este trabajo pretende aportar al estudio de la cooperación científico-tecnológica entre Argentina y Colombia a principios del siglo XXI, más precisamente, entre los años 2007 y el 2015. Se enmarca en una investigación de más largo alcance, centrada en el examen de la cooperación en ciencia y tecnología entre los países de América Latina y avanza sobre distintas dimensiones de análisis: la dimensión contextual, explora las políticas científicotecnológicas y exteriores de Argentina y Colombia; la dimensión normativa, observa la intención, plasmada en memorandos y acuerdos, de avanzar en la integración de los países a través del trabajo conjunto en ciencia y tecnología; la dimensión instrumental, caracteriza el programa de cooperación entre Mincyt y Colciencias, abocado al apoyo de la movilidad de los recursos humanos en el marco de proyectos conjuntos de investigación; y la dimensión micro-social, da voz a los investigadores protagonistas de la cooperación, indagando alcances y limitaciones.
Injusticia espacial urbana en asentamientos informales
Authors: Rincón Castellanos Milena 
Published: March 2019

Los asentamientos de origen informal en colombiana han surgido como una alternativa de acceso a vivienda para la población social y económicamente vulnerable frente a las limitadas oportunidades institucionales de acceso a una solución habitacional. Así, las víctimas del conflicto armado por desplazamiento forzado y la población que se encuentra en situación de pobreza han encontrado en esta modalidad de urbanización un refugio en la ciudad. Sin embargo, las diferentes modalidades de acceso al suelo marcado por procesos de urbanización irregular y de autoproducción de vivienda, desarrollados lejos del cumplimiento de la norma urbana, conllevaron a relacionar este tipo de asentamientos con una ciudad ilegal. Esta denominación conduce a la invisibilización de un conjunto de injusticias que las familias que allí habitan enfrentan permanentemente. Ante este escenario se adopta el concepto de justicia espacial propuesto en los años setenta con el movimiento intelectual denominado Geografía Radical, con el objetivo de explorar nuevas formas de aproximación a los asentamientos de origen informal que permita superar la idea confusa de entender lo legal como una acción de justicia. La exploración se realiza a partir de la revisión del conjunto de acciones políticas derivadas de las leyes diseñadas para garantizar el acceso a una vivienda a aquellas víctimas de desplazamiento forzado, producto del conflicto armado interno en Colombia, y la realidad observada a través de historias de vida. Finalmente, se observa que el diseño de las políticas públicas continúa siendo pensado desde una mirada utilitarista y que, por esta razón, las acciones de justicia se siguen midiendo en términos económicos y no en términos sociales.
The effect of aluminum additives on the content and parameters of the fine structure of titanium carbosilicide in SHS powders
Authors: Talako T. L. , Letsko A. I. , Reutsionak Yu. A. , Abramchuk A. P. , Oglezneva S. A. , Kachenyuk M. N. , Smetkin A. A. 
Published: March 2019

The dependence of the phase composition and parameters of the fine structure of titanium carbosilicide in powders obtained by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis on the concentration of aluminum in the 5Ti/2SiC/1C reaction mixture was investigated. The aluminum concentration was varied in the range of 0.1–0.4 mole fraction while maintaining the total carbon content. It has been established that aluminum additives not only affect the yield of titanium carbosilicide, but also contribute to the predominant formation of Ti5Si3 instead of TiSi2 in synthesis products, which is identified in non-aluminum powders. The introduction of a small amount of aluminum (0.1 mole fraction) leads to the formation of a solid solution of Ti3Si1–xAlxC2 and reduces the content of impurity phases in SHS powders by 6 %. With a higher aluminum content in the reaction mixture, the concentration of carbosilicide in SHS powders decreases, and that of binary compounds (TiC, Ti5Si3, TiAl) increases accordingly. Within the concentration range of 0.1–0.25 mole fraction, no noticeable effect was observed from the introduction of aluminum on the crystal lattice parameters of titanium carbosilicide in SHS powders. A significant increase in the parameters a and c of Ti3Si1–xAlxC2 (from a = 3.067 Å, c = 17.67 Å to a = 3.07 Å, c = 17.73 Å) while maintaining the ratio with с/a within known values (с/a = 5.78) is observed only when the aluminum concentration is 0.4 mole fraction. The crystallite size of titanium carbosilicide depends primarily on the burning parameters. At the same time, the deformation of the Ti3Si1–xAlxC2 crystal lattice in SHS powders monotonically grows with increasing aluminum content in the reaction mixture in the investigated concentration range.
Study of the effect of dispersion and homogeneity of the structure on the properties of powder metastable austenitic carbide steels and diamond tools
Authors: Oglezneva S. A. , Saenkov K. L. , Knyazev A. A. 
Published: March 2019

Diffusion and homogenization in powder systems of varying degrees of dispersion «iron (5 μm) – nickel (5 μm or 50 nm)» during sintering (900 and 1000 °C), as well as spark plasma sintering using the Matano-Boltzmann method were studied. In these systems, the calculated diffusion coefficients in pairs of micron powders, sintered without application of pressure (900 °C, 6 h) and the spark plasma method (900 °C, 5 min), were equal to 7·10–10 cm2/s. It is shown that in diffusion pairs based on microdispersed iron powder, the use of nanodispersed nickel powder instead of microdispersed one contributes to an increase in the diffusion coefficient at a temperature of 900 °C by a factor of 2. The constants in the sintering kinetics equation of V.A. Ivensen are calculated for iron–nickel powder systems. Through them the factors activating the sintering of these systems were established. The dependences of the structure-phase composition and physicomechanical properties of carbides of the Fe (base) system — 14 wt.% Ni – 8 wt.% TiC system on the sintering temperature in the interval t = 900÷1200 °C, dispersion and homogeneity of the structure were determined. The dependences of grain size, porosity, hardness, microhardness, toughness, bending strength on sintering temperature are shown. The established dependences of the tribotechnical properties on the degree of homogeneity of the solid solution and the volume of the phase transformation of the metastable austenite to deformation martensite during friction on the abrasive were similar for carbide steels and diamond tools based on carbide steels. The optimal values of the coefficient of variation of nickel concentration in austenite in carbidostils of the same chemical composition, but different dispersion, providing the maximum amount of austenite decomposition and high values of the diamond tool grinding coefficient were 5 in both systems, but the sintering parameters differed. It is shown that the physicomechanical properties of the studied systems depend on the porosity and dispersion of the structure, and the tribotechnical properties are subjected to the homogeneity of the structure of the steel.
Features of the diamond films growth on the tungsten carbide surface by a copper underlayer
Authors: Vokhmyanin D. S. , Oglezneva S. A. 
Published: March 2019

Surface preparation is a prerequisite for ensuring the required properties of a diamond film obtained by gas-phase deposition. The paper considers the effect of temperature and concentration of the etchant CuSO4 on the structural and phase composition of the surface of hard-alloy materials. The structural and phase composition of a continuous polycrystalline diamond film at its growth stages was also studied. Adhesion of the obtained diamond films to the surface of carbide materials was qualitatively determined. It has been established that surface treatment of a hard alloy in a CuSO4 solution at a temperature t = 23 °C leads to unequal removal of the cobalt bond with chipping of WC grains and the formation of a porous structure in the surface layer of the WC–6%Co alloy. The treatment with an etchant CuSO4 at t = –2 °С ensures uniform etching of the Co-bond along the WC grain boundaries and the formation of a chemically uniform surface. The orientational growth and adhesion of the diamond film depend on the elemental composition of the surface of the WC–Co alloy after treatment with a CuSO4 solution. If the treatment was carried out at a tsolution = 23 °C, then during the synthesis of the diamond film, the removal of copper from the defective surface layer of WC is difficult. This provides the multidirectional growth of diamond crystals in the film in two directions: <111> and <110>, which causes critical biaxial compressive stresses (2,5 GPa) and leads to low adhesion of the film to the surface of the hard alloy. If the treatment was carried out at tsolution = –2 °C, then the orientational growth of diamond crystals in the film occurs in one preferential crystallographic direction <111>. It reduces the biaxial compressive stresses (1,7 GPa) and increases the adhesive adhesion of the film to the surface of the hard alloy . The structure defect, calculated from the ratio of the lines of integrated intensities I1333 / I1580 using the Raman spectroscopy, decreases with concentration growth for negative temperatures and increases for positive ones of CuSO4 solution during surface preparation.
Роста и субструктура пленок ниобата лития
Authors: Dybov Vladislav А. , Serikov Dmitrii V. , Ryzhkova Galina S. , Dontsov Aleksey I. 
Published: March 2019

Проведены исследования начальных стадий роста пленок ниобата лития на Si в процессе ВЧМР, исследовано влияние условий ВЧМР и последующих обработок (ТО, ИФО, БТО) на структуру, субструктуру и ориентацию получаемых покрытий. Установлено, что начальные стадии роста пленок ниобата лития в процессе ВЧМР на подогретой до 550 °С Si подложке характеризуются островковым зарождением кристаллитов и последующей их коалесценцией. Показана возможность управления текстурой пленок ниобата лития в процессе ВЧМР в условиях воздействия плазмы ВЧ-разряда, путем изменения состава рабочего газа. Показан эффект ИФО в кристаллизации аморфных пленок состава ниобата лития, заключающийся в формировании однофазной нанокристаллической пленки ниобата лития, в процессе обработки на воздухе.

ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 18-33-00836.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

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Электрофизические измерения твердых растворов InxAl1-xAs
Authors: Mikhailyuk Ekaterina A. , Prokopova Tatyana V. , Zhukalin Dmitry A. 
Published: March 2019

Методом вольт-фарадных характеристик исследованы тонкие (~ 1 мкм) преднамеренно нелегированные слои InxAl1-xAs, выращенные методом MBE на полуизолирующей подложке InP. Показано, что исследованные при комнатной температуре слои InxAl1-xAs имеют n – тип проводимости. При экспериментальном исследовании температурных зависимостей дифференциальной проводимости обнаружен центр локализации заряда, эффективное значение энергии которого находится в запрещенной зоне твердого раствора InxAl1-xAs (, Eg = 1.5 эВ) и составляет ~ 0.49 эВ до верха зоны проводимости твердого раствора.

БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ
Авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность всему коллективу Новосибирского Института физики полупроводников СО РАН, лично Гилинскому Александру Михайловичу за предоставленные образцы и Воронежскому государственному университету инженерных технологий за плодотворное обсуждение полученных экспериментальных результатов.

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