bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of microdose LSD on time perception: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Yanakieva Steliana , Polychroni Naya , Family Neiloufar , Williams Luke T. J. , Luke David P. , Terhune Devin B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationalePrevious research demonstrating that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces alterations in time perception has implications for its impact on conscious states and a range of psychological functions that necessitate precise interval timing. However, interpretation of this research is hindered by methodological limitations and an inability to dissociate direct neurochemical effects on interval timing from indirect effects attributable to altered states of consciousness.MethodsWe conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study contrasting oral administration of placebo with three microdoses of LSD (5, 10, and 20 μg) in older adults. Subjective drug effects were regularly recorded and interval timing was assessed using a temporal reproduction task spanning subsecond and suprasecond intervals.ResultsLSD conditions were not associated with any robust changes in self-report indices of perception, mentation, or concentration. LSD reliably produced over-reproduction of temporal intervals of 2000 ms and longer with these effects most pronounced in the 10 μg dose condition. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that LSD-mediated over-reproduction was independent of marginal differences in self-reported drug effects across conditions.ConclusionsThese results suggest that microdose LSD produces temporal dilation of suprasecond intervals in the absence of subjective alterations of consciousness.
Opportunity Lost? Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Paracha Munizay , Van Orden Kathryn , Patts Gregory , Tseng Jennifer , McAneny David , Sachs Teviah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundRoutine preoperative staging in pancreas cancer is controversial. We sought to evaluate the rates of diagnostic laparoscopy (DLAP) for pancreatic cancer.MethodsWe queried the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for patients with pancreas cancer (2005–2013) and compared groups who underwent DLAP, exploratory laparotomy (XLAP), pancreas resection (RSXN) or therapeutic bypass (THBP). We compared demographics, comorbidities, postoperative complications, 30‐day mortality (Chi‐square P < 0.05) and trends over time (R2 0–1).ResultsWe identified 17,138 patients (RSXN 81.8%, XLAP 16.5%, THBP 8.2%, and DLAP 12.9%), with some having multiple CPT codes. Only 10.3% (n = 1432) of RSXN patients underwent DLAP prior to resection. XLAP occurred in 49.5% of non‐RSXN patients, of whom 67.1% had no other operation. The percentage of patients undergoing RSXN increased 20.3% over time (R2 0.81), while DLAP decreased 52.6% (R2 0.92). XLAP patients without other operations decreased from 4.2 to 2.4%, although not linearly (R2 0.31). Only 10.3% of XLAP had a diagnostic laparoscopy as well, leaving nearly 90% of these patients with an exploratory laparotomy without RSXN or THBP.DiscussionDiagnostic laparoscopy for pancreas malignancy is becoming less common but could benefit a subset of patients who undergo open exploration without resection or therapeutic bypass.
The Short‐Form Inguinal Pain Questionnaire (sf‐IPQ): An Instrument for Rating Groin Pain After Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Olsson Anders , Sandblom G. , Fränneby U. , Sondén A. , Gunnarsson U. , Dahlstrand U. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Inguinal Pain Questionnaire (IPQ) is a standardised and validated instrument for assessing persisting pain after groin hernia surgery. The IPQ is often perceived as being too extensive for routine use. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a condensed version of the IPQ in order to facilitate its use in daily clinical practice.MethodsThe condensed form, i.e. Short‐Form Inguinal Pain Questionnaire (sf‐IPQ), comprises two main items taken from the IPQ. Four hundred patients were recruited from the Swedish Hernia Register and were sent the IPQ, sf‐IPQ and the Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ) three years after hernia repair. Ratings from the IPQ and the sf‐IPQ were converted to a 12‐point scale. The reported scores for the two shared items in the IPQ and sf‐IPQ were compared using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Cohen’s kappa and McNemar’s test.ResultsAfter two reminders, the response rate was 69.8% (n = 279/400). The ICC for the IPQ and sf‐IPQ scores was 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.82, p < 0.001). Cohen’s kappa was 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.55–0.77, p < 0.001). The sf‐IPQ systematically indicated a higher pain score than the IPQ (p = 0.013).ConclusionsDespite the systematic difference in level of pain scored, correlation, consistency and agreement were seen between the IPQ and sf‐IPQ. The forms appear to be interchangeable, though the sf‐IPQ may be a more sensitive instrument. The condensed structure of the sf‐IPQ is more user‐friendly and shows promise as a useful tool in daily clinical practice.
Postoperative Skeletal Muscle Loss Predicts Poor Prognosis of Adenocarcinoma of Upper Stomach and Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: Kudou Kensuke , Saeki Hiroshi , Nakashima Yuichiro , Kimura Koichi , Ando Koji , Oki Eiji , Ikeda Tetsuo , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between postoperative changes in muscle mass and the prognosis of malignancies remains controversial. We aimed to determine whether a decrease in skeletal muscle mass after surgical resection can predict long‐term outcomes in patients with adenocarcinoma of upper stomach (AUS) and esophagogastric junction (AEGJ).MethodsWe reviewed 146 patients who underwent curative surgery for AUS and AEGJ. We assessed the skeletal muscle index pre‐ and post‐surgery and 6 months postoperatively. The rate of decrease in skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated and its relationship with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was analyzed.ResultsAmong the 146 patients studied, 115 underwent re‐assessment of SMI 6 months postoperatively. The mean decrease in SMI was more prominent in patients with recurrence than in those without recurrence (19.0 ± 2.3 vs. 7.4 ± 0.9%, respectively, P < 0.0001). AUS and AEGJ patients with a >19% decrease in SMI showed significantly lower 5‐year overall survival and recurrence‐free rates than those with a <19% decrease in SMI (recurrence‐free survival: 33.4 vs. 89.2%, respectively, P < 0.0001; overall survival: 40.6 vs. 90.0%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analyses indicated that a ≥19% decrease in SMI could predict poor overall survival independently in patients with AUS and AEGJ (P = 0.0070).ConclusionsA ≥19% postoperative decrease in SMI was substantially associated with poor survival in patients with AUS and AEGJ.
Hurdles to Take for Adequate Treatment of Morbidly Obese Children and Adolescents: Attitudes of General Practitioners Towards Conservative and Surgical Treatment of Paediatric Morbid Obesity
Authors: Roebroek Yvonne G. M. , Talib Ali , Muris Jean W. M. , van Dielen Francois M. H. , Bouvy Nicole D. , van Heurn L. W. Ernest 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBariatric surgery is regarded as the most effective treatment of morbid obesity in adults. Referral patterns for bariatric surgery in adults differ among general practitioners (GPs), partially due to restricted knowledge of the available treatment options. Reluctance in referral might be present even stronger in the treatment of morbidly obese children.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the current practice of GPs regarding treatment of paediatric morbid obesity and their attitudes towards the emergent phenomenon of paediatric weight loss surgery.MethodsAll GPs enlisted in the local registries of two medical centres were invited for a 15‐question anonymous online survey.ResultsAmong 534 invited GPs, 184 (34.5%) completed the survey. Only 102 (55.4%) reported providing or referring morbidly obese children for combined lifestyle interventions. A majority (n = 175, 95.1%) estimated that conservative treatment is effective in a maximum of 50% of children. Although 123 (66.8%) expect that bariatric surgery may be effective in therapy‐resistant morbid obesity, only 76 (41.3%) would consider referral for surgery. Important reasons for reluctance were uncertainty about long‐term efficacy and safety. The opinion that surgery is only treatment of symptoms and therefore not appropriate was significantly more prevalent amongst GPs who would not refer (58.3% vs. 27.6%, p < 0.001).ConclusionThere is a potential for undertreatment of morbidly obese adolescents, due to suboptimal knowledge regarding guidelines and bariatric surgery, as well as negative attitudes towards surgery. This should be addressed by improving communication between surgeons and GPs and providing educational resources on bariatric surgery.
Assessment of thermally comfortable urban spaces in Amsterdam during hot summer days
Authors: Klok Lisette , Rood Niek , Kluck Jeroen , Kleerekoper Laura 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Since it is insufficiently clear to urban planners in the Netherlands to what extent design measures can reduce heat stress and which urban spaces are most comfortable, this study evaluates the impact of shading, urban water, and urban green on the thermal comfort of urban spaces during hot summer afternoons. The methods used include field surveys, meteorological measurements, and assessment of the PET (physiological equivalent temperature). In total, 21 locations in Amsterdam (shaded and sunny locations in parks, streets, squares, and near water bodies) were investigated. Measurements show a reduction in PET of 12 to 22 °C in spaces shaded by trees and buildings compared to sunlit areas, while water bodies and grass reduce the PET up to 4 °C maximum compared to impervious areas. Differences in air temperature between the locations are generally small and it is concluded that shading, water and grass reduce the air temperature by roughly 1 °C. The surveys (n = 1928) indicate that especially shaded areas are perceived cooler and more comfortable than sunlit locations, whereas urban spaces near water or green spaces (grass) were not perceived as cooler or thermally more comfortable. The results of this study highlight the importance of shading in urban design to reduce heat stress. The paper also discusses the differences between meteorological observations and field surveys for planning and designing cool and comfortable urban spaces. Meteorological measurements provide measurable quantities which are especially useful for setting or meeting target values or guidelines in reducing urban heat in practice.
Truth Does Not Matter: Legal Storytelling in the Japanese Drama “Legal High 2”
Authors: Hu Lung Lung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPeople expect that the truth can be revealed in a trial and the decision then is made based on the truth. However, such expectation is a fantasy because the truth has disappeared since the moment when an incident occurred. What are left about this incident are merely fragments (witnesses and evidences) that need further interpretations. Interpretations are open to possibilities; possibilities mean different stories. That is to say: there is no truth (or there are many truths) but stories; truth actually does not matter in law. Law is asked to re-construct the truth logically, based on facts, and without being affected by what outside the law, and then a fair and just legal decision can be made. The idea of storytelling, from the perspective of literature—literary narrative, on the other end is opposite to legal narrative that: a story does not need to be true or real; a story can be as bizarre as it can get as long as it is explainable and acceptable when the story comes to law. In a Japanese drama “Legal High 2” a black widow spider woman is accused of murdering her fiancée and his daughter. Since this woman is the only suspect and has been involved in many marriage fraudulent cases, the prosecutor proves that she is the murder based on the motivation and evidences found (the poison she bought from internet) in the crime scene. However, the defense attorney for getting this woman acquitted tells a story absolutely different from the prosecutor’s based on the same evidences. Therefore, in this present paper I am going to discuss that: how literary narrative and legal narrative in a law drama create both legit but opposite stories that challenges the idea that law and its language is a tool used to pursue the truth based on logics and facts. And, I will compare the similarity and the difference between literary narrative and legal narrative, from the both sides of legal theory and literary theory about language, to examine the idea of “truth” in law and in literature about law.
Flexible Working and Unpaid Overtime in the UK: The Role of Gender, Parental and Occupational Status
Authors: Chung Heejung , van der Horst Mariska 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent studies have shown that flexible boundaries between work and family may make employees work harder and longer. Yet most studies were not able to show whether there are differences across different types of flexible working arrangements, and whether this relationship may only hold for certain groups of workers. We examine how three different types of flexible working arrangements, that is schedule control, flexitime, and teleworking, are associated with an increase in unpaid overtime hours of workers in the UK using the Understanding Society data from 2010 to 2015 and fixed effects panel regression models. Results show that the flexible arrangements that were introduced primarily for work-life balance purposes, i.e., flexitime and teleworking, do not necessarily increase unpaid overtime hours significantly. On the other hand, workers’ control over their schedule, mainly introduced as a part of high-performance strategies, leads to increased unpaid overtime hours. This is especially true for professional men, and women without children, especially those working full-time, and surprisingly part-time working mothers. The results of this study point to the importance of distinguishing between different groups of workers as well as between different types of arrangements when examining outcomes of flexible working. Furthermore, the results of the study contribute to the argument that performance enhancing flexible working arrangements can potentially exacerbate gender inequalities in the labour market by enabling men to commit more time to their jobs, while for women, especially full-time working mothers, this may be less possible.
Gender, Flexibility Stigma and the Perceived Negative Consequences of Flexible Working in the UK
Authors: Chung Heejung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study examines the prevalence and the gender differences in the perceptions and experiences of flexibility stigma—i.e., the belief that workers who use flexible working arrangements for care purposes are less productive and less committed to the workplace. This is done by using the 4th wave of the Work-Life Balance Survey conducted in 2011 in the UK. The results show that 35% of all workers agree to the statement that those who work flexibly generate more work for others, and 32% believe that those who work flexibly have lower chances for promotion. Although at first glance, men are more likely to agree to both, once other factors are controlled for, women especially mothers are more likely to agree to the latter statement. Similarly, men are more likely to say they experienced negative outcomes due to co-workers working flexibly, while again mothers are more likely to say they experienced negative career consequences due to their own flexible working. The use of working time reducing arrangements, such as part-time, is a major reason why people experience negative career outcomes, and can partially explain why mothers are more likely to suffer from such outcomes when working flexibly. However, this relationship could be reverse, namely, the stigma towards part-time workers may be due to negative perceptions society hold towards mothers’ commitment to work and their productivity. In sum, this paper shows that flexibility stigma is gendered, in that men are more likely to discriminate against flexible workers, while women, especially mothers, are more likely to suffer from such discrimination.
Safe digital transformation for SMEs
Authors: Bedell-Pearce Jack 
Published: November 2018

The pressure is on for British businesses over the next couple of years. With the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) now in force and Brexit looming, what can UK SMEs learn from their enterprise cousins during this profound period of transformation? Organisations are eagerly adopting digital transformation. Solutions such as containerisation and other cloud-based models allow greater flexibility while helping firms remain secure. These also address compliance and data sovereignty requirements, the need for greater business continuity in the event of a disaster (natural or otherwise) and improved accessibility to hardware and data. And for smaller firms, the assurance of colocation and the flexibility of cloud infrastructure strikes a good balance for their IT needs, says Jack Bedell-Pearce of 4D Datacentres.
Relapse of drunk driving and association with traffic accidents, alcohol-related problems and biomarkers of impulsivity
Authors: Tokko Tõnis , Eensoo Diva , Vaht Mariliis , Lesch Klaus-Peter , Reif Andreas , Harro Jaanus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveIndividual biological predispositions should play a role in risky driving behaviour. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene polymorphisms have been identified as markers of impulsivity, alcohol use and excessive risk-taking. We aimed to find out how this knowledge on neurobiology of impulsivity applies to drunk driving and traffic behaviour in general.MethodsWe have longitudinally examined the behaviour of drunk drivers (n = 203) and controls (n = 211) in traffic, in association with their alcohol-related problems, personality measures and the three biomarkers. We analysed differences between the subjects based on whether they had committed driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) violation in a 10-year time period after recruitment or not and investigated further, what kind of predictive value do the different biomarkers have in committing DWI and other traffic violations and accidents.ResultsThe original drunk drivers group had lower platelet MAO activity but further DWI was not significantly associated with this measure. Being a NPSR1 T-allele carrier contributed to the risk of repeatedly committing DWI. DAT1 9R carriers in contrast were involved in more traffic accidents by their own fault (active accidents), compared to 10R homozygotes in the whole sample. All groups with DWI also had significantly more alcohol-related problems and higher scores in maladaptive impulsivity compared to controls without DWI.ConclusionsEstablished biological markers of alcohol use and impulsivity can be reliably associated with everyday traffic behaviour and help in contributing to the understanding of the need for more personalized prevention activities.
British Travelers and the Armenian Question During the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Riegg Stephen Badalyan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMarshaling an array of travelogues from British adventurers who visited the Russian-Ottoman-Persian borderlands during the first half of the 19th century, it is clear that the Armenian Question arose in the British consciousness earlier than previously thought. Influenced by their origins and the political circumstances of the countries through which they journeyed, British travelers highlighted in their narratives the political status of the Armenians and the trends affecting them throughout the borderlands. Ethnoreligious and socioeconomic strife between Armenians and other various groups remained a persistent theme that linked the disparate accounts and authors. Frequently overlooking core religious, cultural, political, and social factors and identities that distinguished the Turks, Persians, and Kurds, British travelers issued essentialized explanations for Armenian struggles that highlighted their status as a religious minority surrounded by ostensibly hostile majorities. Well before the outbreak of the Crimean War, British adventurers contextualized Armenian misery within the British-Russian geopolitical rivalry. Thus, early British adventurers established the cultural and political groundwork for the more famous discussions of the Armenian Question during the last decades of the 1800s.
Women living with multi-morbidity in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: a qualitative study guided by the Cumulative Complexity Model
Authors: Morgan Sara A. , Eyles Caroline , Roderick Paul J. , Adongo Philip B. , Hill Allan G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDefined as the co-occurrence of more than two chronic conditions, multi-morbidity has been described as a significant health care problem: a trend linked to a rise in non-communicable disease and an ageing population. Evidence on the experiences of living with multi-morbidity in middle-income countries (MICs) is limited. In high-income countries (HICs), multi-morbidity has a complex impact on health outcomes, including functional status, disability and quality of life, complexity of health care and burden of treatment. Previous evidence also shows that multi-morbidity is consistently higher amongst women. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of women living with multi-morbidity in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana: to understand the complexity of their health needs due to multi-morbidity, and to document how the health system has responded. Guided by the Cumulative Complexity Model, and using stratified purposive sampling, 20 in-depth interviews were conducted between May and September 2015 across three polyclinics in the Greater Accra Region. The data were analysed using the six phases of Thematic Analysis. Overall four themes emerged: 1) the influences on patients’ health experience; 2) seeking care and the responsiveness of the health care system; 3) how patients manage health care demands; and 4) outcomes due to health. Spirituality and the stigmatization caused by specific conditions, such as HIV, impacted their overall health experience. Women depended on the care and treatment provided through the health care system despite inconsistent coverage and a lack of choice thereof, although their experiences varied by chronic condition. Women depended on their family and community to offset the financial burden of treatment costs, which was exacerbated by having many conditions. The implications are that integrated health and social support, such as streamlining procedures and professional training on managing complexity, would benefit and reduce the burden of multi-morbidity experienced by women with multi-morbidity in Ghana.