bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Anticholinesterase Reversal Under General Anesthesia on Postoperative Cardiovascular Complications: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shay Denys , Scheffenbichler Flora T. , Kelly Barry J. , Lihn Anne-Louise , Deng Hao , Nourmahnad Anahita , Xu Xinling , Houle Timothy T. , Eikermann Matthias , Forman Stuart A. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:
The anticholinesterase neostigmine and the muscarinic inhibitor glycopyrrolate are frequently coadministered for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade. This practice can precipitate severe bradycardia or tachycardia, but whether it affects the incidence of cardiovascular complications remains unclear. We hypothesized that anticholinesterase reversal with neostigmine and glycopyrrolate versus no anticholinesterase reversal increases the risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications among adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia.

METHODS:
We conducted a prespecified retrospective analysis of hospital registry data from a major health care network for patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia from January 2007 to December 2015. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac dysrhythmia, acute heart failure, transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, and acute myocardial infarction within 30 days after surgery. We performed sensitivity analyses in subgroups and propensity score adjustment and explored the association between exposure and outcome in subgroups of patients with high risk of cardiovascular complications.

RESULTS:
Of the 98,147 cases receiving neuromuscular blockade, 73,181 (74.6%) received neostigmine and glycopyrrolate, while 24,966 (25.4%) did not. A total of 5612 patients (7.7%) in the anticholinesterase reversal group and 1651 (6.6%) in the control group (P < .001) experienced the primary outcome. After adjustment for clinical covariates, neostigmine and glycopyrrolate exposure was significantly associated in a dose-dependent fashion (P for trend <.001, respectively) with tachycardia (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1 [95% CI, 1.97–2.23]; P < .001) and bradycardia (adjusted odds ratio = 2.84 [95% CI, 2.49–3.24]; P < .001) but not with postoperative cardiovascular complications (adjusted odds ratio = 1.03 [95% CI, 0.97–1.1]; P = .33). We identified a significant effect modification of anticholinesterase reversal by high age, high-risk surgery, and history of atrial fibrillation (P for interaction = .002, .001, and .02, respectively). By using linear combinations of main effect and exposure–risk interaction terms, we detected significant associations between anticholinesterase reversal and cardiovascular complications toward a higher vulnerability in these patient subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Neuromuscular blockade reversal with neostigmine and glycopyrrolate was associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative tachycardia and bradycardia but not with 30-day postoperative cardiovascular complications. Exploratory analyses suggest that a high postoperative cardiovascular complication risk profile may modify the effects of anticholinesterase reversal toward clinical relevance.
Counselling and knowledge on iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) among pregnant women in Kiambu County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kamau Mary , Kimani Samuel , Mirie Waithira 
Published: March 2019

Background:The increased demand for iron and folic acid during pregnancy is not met through diet due to insufficiency or reduced bioavailability of nutrients among women from low income countries. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) is a promising interventional strategy for control of anaemia during pregnancy. Kenya adopted the global IFAS intervention with a target of 80% coverage by 2017, however, the compliance remains low. Increasing awareness, counselling, communication and community education on IFAS have improved compliance among pregnant women. Thus, we aimed to determine: IFAS knowledge, availability, practices, and content of IFAS counselling among pregnant women attending health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya.Methods:A cross-sectional study involving 364 pregnant women aged 15-49 years. A two stage cluster sampling, including one sub-county and five public health facilities were used. A pre-tested structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, maternal knowledge and counselling on IFAS was used. An observation checklist was used to observe practices and content of antenatal counselling session in each facility. Data was analysed using STATA in which descriptive and inferential statistics were computed.Results:Of 364 respondents, less than half (40.9%) scored high on knowledge on IFAS. Women who were counselled on duration of IFAS intake, side effects, and their mitigation were more likely (p <0.005) to have high IFAS knowledge. Although all the health facilities had varied IFAS posters displayed, none had key IFAS counselling documents.Conclusion:Less than half of the pregnant women had high IFAS knowledge, IFAS documents were scarce in health facilities, IFAS counselling information in different health facilities was limited and varied and content of counselling was associated with levels of knowledge on IFAS. This underscores the need to strengthen focused and targeted IFAS counselling for pregnant women and standardization of counselling messages to improve compliance and pregnancy outcomes.
Association between choice of cooking fuel and peak expiratory flow rate among rural women in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ofori Sandra N. , Maduka Omosivie 
Published: March 2019

Background: Long-term exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass fuel combustion is a risk factor for respiratory disease, which is an increasingly prevalent contributor to morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the association between household fuel use and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of rural-dwelling women in selected communities of the Niger Delta. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 321 non-smoking women aged 18 years and older. Questionnaires were used to obtain data on predominant fuel used and a brief medical history. Women with current respiratory symptoms were excluded. Fuel use was classified into three categories: biomass fuels (BMF), such as wood, animal dung and coal, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The PEFR was measured with an Omron peak flow meter using standard protocols and was abnormal if it was less than 80% of predicted value based on age and height. Results: The mean age of the 321 women was 38.5±14.2 years. The biomass fuel users had significantly lower PEFR (353.9±104.4) compared to kerosene users (376.2±70.1) and LPG users (393.6± 93.3) (p=0.030). The overall prevalence of abnormal PEFR was 22.4%. The PEFR was abnormal in more BMF users (28%) than kerosene users (13.4%) and LPG users (9.4%) (p=0.005). The PEFR of women who used LPG was 20.8 l/min higher than BMF users (p=0.012). The users of BMF were 5.8 times more likely to have abnormal PEFR than LPG users (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.62, 20.52, p=0.007). Conclusion: In this population, the use of biomass fuel was significantly associated with abnormal PEFR. This needs to be further explored in this population with a larger study using more objective measures, such as spirometry testing, to guide policies for the implementation of preventive strategies to protect vulnerable women from chronic obstructive airway disease.
Intertemporal Price Discrimination with Complementary Products: E-Books and E-Readers
Authors: Li Hui 
Published: March 2019

This paper studies intertemporal price discrimination (IPD) with complementary products in the context of e-readers and e-books. Using individual-level data (2008–2012), I estimate a dynamic demand model for e-reader adoption and subsequent book quantity, reading format, and retailer choices in several book genres. I use the estimates to simulate a monopolist’s optimal dynamic pricing strategies when facing forward-looking consumers. The results illustrate how skimming/penetration pricing incentives for e-readers and harvesting/investing incentives for e-books interact in this novel setting. The optimal joint IPD strategy is skimming for e-readers and investing for e-books. Counterfactual results suggest that combining IPD with complementary product pricing improves firm profitability because it attenuates the limitations of each pricing approach. In a single-product IPD setting, firms’ pricing power is limited when consumers anticipate future price changes and delay purchases. Adding complementary products offers firms two pricing instruments; opposite price trajectories provide conflicting incentives for consumers, limiting intertemporal arbitrage. In a static complementary product setting, firms’ pricing power is limited when the relative elasticity between the two products is heterogeneous and conflicting among consumers. Adding IPD sorts heterogeneous consumers into different periods and reduces the need to balance across consumer types. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Use of the Omaha System to identify musculoskeletal problems in intensive care unit nurses: a case study
Authors: Sezgin Duygu , Esin M. Nihal 
Published: March 2019

Background: there is a need for a standard terminology to identify and manage occupational risks in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Aim: this study was conducted to investigate the occupational musculoskeletal symptom-related problems of one ICU nurse using the Omaha system. Method: a case study method was employed. An Evaluation of Knowledge form and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tools were used to identify musculoskeletal symptoms and ergonomic risks. Three components of the Omaha System were used: Problem Classification Scheme, Intervention Scheme and Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes. Results: eight signs/symptoms related to four problems were identified from three domains: environmental (neighbourhood/workplace safety), physiological (pain and neuro-musculoskeletal function), and health-related behaviours (physical activity and healthcare supervision). Interventions were mapped to Omaha System terms, and nursing outcomes were evaluated. Conclusion: this study presented an example of using the Omaha System in occupational health nursing practice. The Omaha System can be used effectively to identify musculoskeletal problems and related factors of ICU nurses in a standardised and computerised concept. Use of this system could aid prevention of occupational musculoskeletal problems in ICU nurses.
An AGTR1 Variant Worsens Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: de Gracia Hahn Dana , Duret Amedine , Mann Jake P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertension are closely related but there has been little genetic evidence to link them. In this issue, Musso et al. provide evidence that a common variant in AGTR1 (A1166C) is associated with both incident hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. AGTR1 is strongly expressed in adipose, liver, and arteries. The mechanism of this gain-of-function variant is unclear but may include adipose or endothelial dysfunction and immune activation. Despite previous unsuccessful clinical trials of angiotensin receptor blockers in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, individuals with the rs5186A>C variant may have greater benefit from this therapy.
Entwicklung und Anwendung einer Software zur automatisierten Kontrolle des Lebensmittelmarktes im Internet mit informationswissenschaftlichen Methoden
Authors: Sünkler Sebastian , Krewinkel Alexandra , Gleissner Mareike , Osterode Dorle , Tolg Boris , Holle Martin , Lewandowski Dirk 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir die Durchführung und die Ergebnisse eines interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekts zum Thema automatisierte Lebensmittelkontrolle im Web. Es wurden Kompetenzen aus den Disziplinen Lebensmittelwissenschaft, Rechtswissenschaft, Informationswissenschaft und Informatik dazu genutzt, ein detailliertes Konzept und einen Software-Prototypen zu entwickeln, um das Internet nach Produktangeboten zu durchsuchen, die gegen das Lebensmittelrecht verstoßen. Dabei wird deutlich, wie ein solcher Anwendungsfall von den Methoden der Information-Retrieval-Evaluierung profitiert, und wie sich mit relativ geringem Aufwand eine flexible Software programmieren lässt, die auch für eine Vielzahl anderer Fragestellungen einsetzbar ist. Die Ergebnisse des Projekts zeigen, wie komplexe Arbeitsprozesse einer Behörde mit Hilfe der Methoden von Retrieval-Tests und gängigen Verfahren aus dem maschinellen Lernen effektiv und effizient unterstützt werden können.
Is What You See What You Get? Perceptions of Personal Trainers' Competence, Knowledge, and Preferred Sex of Personal Trainer Relative to Physique
Authors: Boerner Patrick R. , Polasek Katherine M. , True Larissa , Lind Erik , Hendrick Joy L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Boerner, PR, Polasek, KM, True, L, Lind, E, and Hendrick, JL. Is what you see what you get? Perceptions of personal trainers' competence, knowledge, and preferred sex of personal trainer relative to physique. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1949–1955, 2021—The role that a personal trainer's (PT) physique plays in how potential clients perceive the PT is an understudied, yet potentially powerful, area of inquiry that has important professional implications. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a PT's physique could influence perceptions of his/her (a) PT competence, (b) level of personal training knowledge, and (c) preferred sex of the PT. Subjects (n = 191) were presented with pictures of male and female volunteers labeled as PTs. The pictures emphasized physique and consisted of varying body types (ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph) and muscularity (muscular vs. nonmuscular). Subjects examined pictures to answer surveys to rate trainers' competence, knowledge, and preferred sex of PT. Personal trainer physique significantly influenced individuals' perceptions of trainer characteristics. Both mesomorphic and ectomorphic body types were rated as more competent than an endomorphic body type. Muscular PTs were perceived to be significantly more knowledgeable and competent than their nonmuscular peers. Female PTs were perceived as more competent and knowledgeable than male PTs. Findings also suggested many more males preferred to work with a male PT while females lacked consensus. Collectively, PT physique seems to have a profound influence whether they are approached or avoided. These findings may have implications for how PTs market themselves to potential clients.
Heightened Defensive Responses Following Subtotal Lesions of Macaque Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Pujara Maia S. , Rudebeck Peter H. , Ciesinski Nicole K. , Murray Elisabeth A. 
Published: March 2019

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive attention to threat. Several brain areas, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), have been associated with threat processing, with more recent work implicating specialized roles for the medial and lateral subregions of the OFC in mediating specific symptoms of anxiety disorders. Virtually no causal work, however, has evaluated the role of these OFC subregions in regulating behavioral responses under threat. To address this gap, we compared male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with bilateral excitotoxic lesions restricted to either the lateral OFC (lOFC), targeting Walker's areas 11 and 13, or the medial OFC (mOFC), targeting Walker's area 14, to a group of unoperated controls on behavioral responses to the presentation of a fake rubber snake, fake spider, and neutral stimuli. Both lesion groups showed heightened defensive and reduced approach responses, accompanied by longer latencies to retrieve a food reward, in the presence of the threatening stimuli. Compared to unoperated controls, the mOFC lesion group also showed longer latencies to reach for rewards and a greater proportion of defensive responses (e.g., piloerection) in the presence of neutral stimuli. Thus, monkeys with mOFC lesions displayed a greater tendency to express defensive responses even in the absence of threat. Overall, our data reveal that both the mOFC and lOFC contribute to the attenuation of defensive responses. Notably, these findings, obtained following selective, excitotoxic lesions of the OFC, are diametrically opposed to the effects of aspiration lesions of OFC observed in macaques.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEngaging in adaptive defensive responses under threat promotes biological fitness. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been implicated in regulating defensive responses to threat, with distinct subregions likely playing different roles. Here we tested the effects of excitotoxic damage restricted to either the lateral or medial subdivisions of the OFC in rhesus macaques. We found significantly heightened defense and reduced approach responses to threatening stimuli in both lesion groups. While lateral OFC lesions led to an increase in defense responses to the threatening stimuli, medial OFC lesions produced increases in defense responses to both threatening and neutral stimuli. Our findings provide insights into the neural regulation of defensive responses to threat and inform the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders in humans.
YABANCI UYRUKLU VE TÜRKİYELİ ÖĞRENCİLERİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMLERİ
Authors: FİDAN Yahya , YILDIRAN Canan , ERCAN Sertaç 
Published: March 2019

Girişimcilik coşkusu her insanda var olan bir duygudur. Fakat girişimcilik coşkusu bazı insanlarda daha fazla bulunmaktadır. Bu durum bazen coşkuyla gelen bir fikirle ya da eylemle hayat bulurken, bazen de alınan eğitim sürecinde ve sonrasında ortaya çıkmakta ve kendini daha fazla hissettirmektedir. Bu noktada üniversiteler, girişimci insanları desteklemek, donatmak belki de eksik olan cesaretlerini sağlamak ve girişimcilik coşkusunu aşılamak için önemli ve etkili kurumlardan birisidir. Girişimcilik, girişimcilik eğilimi, girişimcilik özellikleri, girişimcilik eğitimi, girişimcilerin kişilik özellikleri, girişimcilik ve üniversite öğrencileri ile ilgili literatürde birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmayı diğer çalışmalardan farklı kılan nokta ise çalışmanın, Türkiyeli öğrencilerle Yabancı Uyruklu öğrencileri karşılaştırıyor olması ve girişimcilik düşüncesi, algısı, cinsiyeti ve kişiliği yönünden Türkiyeli öğrenciler ile Yabancı Uyruklu öğrenciler arasındaki farklılıkları belirlemek için yapılmış olmasıdır. Bu kapsamda farklı ülkelerde ve farklı kültürlerde yetişen gençlerin, genç girişimci adaylarının girişimciliğe olan ilgileri ve kendilerini ne kadar girişimci olarak gördükleri değerlendirilmektedir.
DIŞ TİCARET İŞLEMLERİNİN TMS İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN VERGİ USUL KANUNU ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKÇAY Serkan , UYSAL Merve 
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada dış ticaret işlemlerinin Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları’ndan(TMS) hangileriyle daha çok ilişkili olduğundan bahsedilmiş ve ilişkili olan standartların, vergi mevzuatı ile olan uyum ve farklılıklarına değinilmiştir. Globalleşme ile önemli hale gelen dış ticaret işlemlerinden ithalat ve ihracat kavramı, uygulamalarda karışıklık yaratmamak adına uluslararası standartlara uygun şekilde muhasebe kayıtlarına alınmalıdır. Bunun yanında ülkemiz vergi kanunları açısından da uyumluluk göstermelidir. Türkiye açısından büyük önem arz eden kambiyo işlemlerinin hangi muhasebe standartlarıyla ilişkili olduğu V.U. Kanunu açısından değerlendirilerek ilgili kanuna uyumluluğunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için, literatür taraması yapılarak, çalışma teorik çerçevede inceleme yapılarak tamamlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, küreselleşmenin etkisiyle gelişen dış ticaretle birlikte muhasebenin de küreselleşmesi gerekliliği doğmuş ve ülkeler uluslararası standartları benimseyerek dış ticaret ile ilgili muhasebe kayıtlarını oluşturmaya başlamışlardır. Bununla beraber, VUK ile TMS’nın uluslararası standartlarla uyumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Küçük farklılıkların ise yeni V.U.K. ile giderilmesi zorunluluğu bulunmaktadır.
THE EFFECTS OF TRANSACTIVE MEMORY SYSTEMS, COLLECTIVE MIND AND INNOVATIVE CULTURE ON KNOWLEDGE CREATION CAPABILITY
Authors: ÇETİN Sabahattin 
Published: March 2019

Circumstances that changes in time require firms to have different skills in order to survive and acquire competitive advantages. Today’s intensive knowledge environment makes knowledge transfer and integration to create new knowledge crucial to be able to obtain valuable knowledge. In this study, factors that affect knowledge creation capability that are important for firms are discussed. Within this context, transactive memory systems, collective mind and innovative culture variables are studied as the antecedents of knowledge creation capability. According to the study conducted with 267 firms operating in software sector at the technology development sites in Istanbul and Ankara, empirical results demonstrate that transactive memory systems, collective mind and innovative culture variables do have positive effects on knowledge creation capability.
Remote monitoring of the snow loads on a roof of buildings
Authors: Lobkina V. A. , Kononov I. A. , Potapov A. A. 
Published: March 2019

Obtaining actual data on a change in the value of snow load for a snowfall is an important task the solution of which is usually neglected. The purpose of the work was to obtain a data on dynamics of the snow load change on a roof for a snowfall. A system for remote monitoring of the snow load was developed for this purpose. This system allows continuous gathering and transmission of the data on the snow load change from a unit of area. Obtaining this information gives an indication of the size of snow loading and dynamics of the snow accumulation during snowfall. The developed system provides continuous collection and transmission of data about the changing snow load per unit area. This information makes possible judging values of the snow load and its dynamics during a snowfall. Using of this system allows monitoring of snow accumulation during a snowfall. Discreteness of the system is 1 minute, and the sensitivity to the load change is 50 g. The platform is designed for a load less than 100 kg. When a snowfall ends the platform should be cleaned. In 2015, the system has been just tested, but in future we plan to use the system without cleaning for the whole snow season. In this connection, the more powerful sensors will be used. The system consists of a rectangular platform with an area of 1 m2, and it is equipped with four load cells «TOQUES» BBA at the corners. It was used for two months from late January to mid-March. In total, nine snowfalls were observed. In the winter season of 2014/15, increases of snow loads changed within the range of 10–100 kg/m2. Analysis of the data shows that the maximum snow load exerted on the roof takes place at a snowfall peak, after that it decreases under the influence of external factors. Three main factors influencing formation of the snow loads on a flat roof are as follows: the quantity of solid precipitation, the snow melting, and redistribution of snow by wind. Using of the system allows obtaining actual values of snow load on roofs of buildings instead of data calculated from the snow weight on the ground. These values can be then used to correct standards for the snow loads.