bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicolor Fluorescence Photoswitching: Color‐Correlated versus Color‐Specific Switching
Authors: Kim Dojin , Park Soo Young 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFluorescence photoswitching systems using photochromic molecules, which turn on and off their fluorescence upon light irradiation, have emerged as highly promising material systems during the past two decades related to their optoelectronic applications such as high‐density optical memory, bioimaging, and super‐resolution microscopy. Single‐color fluorescence photoswitching, which provides only two different states (on/off), is limited in terms of its practical applications such as interference from autofluorescence in biological applications and limited switching states in logic gate and optical memory applications. To address such issues, studies on multicolor fluorescence photoswitching systems incorporating photochromic molecules have witnessed an explosive growth in the past decade in terms of the academic principles and technological applications. In the earlier part, this review briefly introduces the principle of fluorescence photoswitching based on the representative single‐color fluorescence photoswitching systems. Then, the review turns into the main topic of multicolor fluorescence photoswitching systems which are organized in two different subcategories of 1) color‐correlated photoswitching and 2) color‐specific photoswitching. Not only the material systems and principles of the multicolor fluorescence photoswitching, but also their important applications are described and discussed here. In the last section of this review, a brief summary and outlook on the future development are provided.
Pharmaceutical Approaches to HIV Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Yavuz Burcin , Morgan Jessica L. , Showalter Laura , Horng Katti R. , Dandekar Satya , Herrera Carolina , LiWang Patricia , Kaplan David L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to pose a major infectious disease threat worldwide. It is characterized by the depletion of CD4+ T cells, persistent immune activation, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Advances in the development of antiretroviral drugs and combination antiretroviral therapy have resulted in a remarkable reduction in HIV‐associated morbidity and mortality. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to effective suppression of HIV replication with partial recovery of host immune system and has successfully transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease to a chronic condition. Additionally, antiretroviral drugs have shown promise for prevention in HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention. However, ART is unable to cure HIV. Other limitations include drug–drug interactions, drug resistance, cytotoxic side effects, cost, and adherence. Alternative treatment options are being investigated to overcome these challenges including discovery of new molecules with increased anti‐viral activity and development of easily administrable drug formulations. In light of the difficulties associated with current HIV treatment measures, and in the continuing absence of a cure, the prevention of new infections has also arisen as a prominent goal among efforts to curtail the worldwide HIV pandemic. In this review, the authors summarize currently available anti‐HIV drugs and their combinations for treatment, new molecules under clinical development and prevention methods, and discuss drug delivery formats as well as associated challenges and alternative approaches for the future.
Conjugated Polymer Materials for Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Sun Han , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Gu Qi , Wang Shu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough many approaches including operative treatment, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been developed to struggle against cancer, they are still insufficient in clinical application owing to the non‐ideal therapeutic efficiency and serious side effects. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is emerging as a novel alternative to the conventional therapies because of minimal invasiveness and high specificity. Conjugated polymers (CPs) with the merits of unique optical properties and biological activities have been extensively investigated as functional photothermal conversion materials. The critical design strategies of CPs with high photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent PTT effect are reviewed in this progress report. The major challenges and future development of CPs for PTT are also discussed.
Peptide Delivery Systems for Cancer Vaccines
Authors: He Xuedan , Abrams Scott I. , Lovell Jonathan F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCancer vaccines aim to activate the immune system so it can seek and eradicate cancer cells. Peptide vaccines hold the minimalistic amount of biochemical information required for generating antigen‐specific T cells to elicit anticancer responses. Unfortunately, results from most peptide cancer vaccine large clinical trials have been underwhelming. This may stem from a number of reasons, such as tumor‐mediated immunosuppression, limited T cell‐tumor infiltration, or insufficient T cell numbers induced in response to the vaccine. On their own, immunization with naked peptides usually does not induce a satisfactory response, so adjuvants and/or delivery systems are required. Beyond the traditional aluminum salts, oil emulsions, and carrier protein conjugates, next generation peptide delivery systems hold potential to induce stronger or broader responses that could eventually provide for improved immunotherapy outcomes. This review summarizes recent approaches to peptide cancer vaccines, in the context of emerging delivery systems.
Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Extremely High Open‐Circuit Voltages and Low Voltage Losses by Suppressing Nonradiative Recombination Losses
Authors: Liu Xi , Du Xiaoyan , Wang Junyi , Duan Chunhui , Tang Xiaofeng , Heumueller Thomas , Liu Guogang , Li Yan , Wang Zhaohui , Wang Jing , Liu Feng , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne of the most important factors that limits the efficiencies of bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) is the modest open‐circuit voltage (Voc) due to their large voltage loss (Vloss) caused by significant nonradiative recombination loss. To boost the performance of OSCs toward their theoretical limit, developing high‐performance donor: acceptor systems featuring low Vloss with suppressed nonradiative recombination losses (<0.30 V) is desired. Herein, high performance OSCs based on a polymer donor benzodithiophene‐difluorobenzoxadiazole‐2‐decyltetradecyl (BDT‐ffBX‐DT) and perylenediimide‐based acceptors (PDI dimer with spirofluorene linker (SFPDI), PDI4, and PDI6) are reported which offer a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.5%, 56% external quantum efficiency associated with very high Voc (>1.10 V) and low Vloss (<0.60 V). A high Voc up to 1.23 V is achieved, which is among the highest values reported for OSCs with a PCE beyond 6%, to date. These attractive results are benefit from the suppressed nonradiative recombination voltage loss, which is as low as 0.20 V. This value is the lowest value for OSCs so far and is comparable to high performance crystalline silicon and perovskite solar cells. These results show that OSCs have the potential to achieve comparable Voc and voltage loss as inorganic photovoltaic technologies.
A CuO Nanowire‐Based Alternating Current Oxide Powder Electroluminescent Device with High Stability
Authors: Ma Siwei , Peng Zhilin , Kitai Adrian H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn AC‐driven powder electroluminescent (EL) device has been achieved by constructing a CuO nanowire–Zn2GeO4:Mn phosphor heterogeneous junction. The CuO nanowires enhance the local electric field, resulting in electroluminescence of an oxide‐based phosphor in EL devices owing to field injection at the nanowire tips. The CuO nanowire array was synthesized by an in situ thermal oxidation method at 400 °C in air and employed as an electric field enhancement layer in the EL device. The heterogeneous structures were created through drop coating of a phosphor suspension on the CuO nanowire array. The initial EL device tests show good luminescent performance with very promising brightness maintenance for over 360 h, with a loss of luminescent intensity of under 1 % at over 10 cd m−2 luminance. The fabrication method offers the prospect of simple, low‐cost, large‐scale EL devices with the potential to solve the limited operational lifetime of sulfide‐based AC powder EL devices.
Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel pleuromutilin derivatives
Authors: Yi Yunpeng , Fu Yunxing , Wang Keli , Shui Yongzhen , Cai Jing , Jia Zhong , Niu Biao , Liang Jianping , Shang Ruofeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPleuromutilin derivatives 4a–h, 5a–g, and 6a–d were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. All synthetic compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA, ATCC 43300), Pasteurella multocida (CVCC 408), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028). Most compounds with quaternary amine showed higher antibacterial activities against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria strains. Among the screened compounds, compound 5a bearing an N,N,N‐trimethyl group at the C‐14 side chain of pleuromutilin was found to be the most active agent. Furthermore, preliminary molecular docking was performed to predict the binding interaction of the compounds in the binding pocket.
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1 Engagement Inhibits T Cell–B Cell Interaction and Diminishes Interleukin‐6 Production and Plasmablast Differentiation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Karampetsou Maria P. , Comte Denis , Suárez‐Fueyo Abel , Katsuyama Eri , Yoshida Nobuya , Kono Michihito , Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Tsokos George C. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveSignaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1) homophilic interactions promote immunoglobulin production and T cell–B cell cross‐talk. SLAMF1 is overexpressed on T and B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was undertaken to determine the role of SLAMF1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in modulating T cell–B cell interaction and B cell activation.MethodsAnti‐IgM–prestimulated naive or total B cells from either healthy donors or patients with SLE were cocultured with autologous T cells under CD3/CD28 stimulation, in the presence or absence of the SLAMF1 mAb. Naive B cells were stimulated with anti‐IgM and CD40L in the presence of the SLAMF1 antibody. Cytokine production by CD4+ T cells and B cells was examined by flow cytometry and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasmablast formation and T cell and B cell conjugates were assessed by flow cytometry. IgG and antinuclear antibody production was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSLAMF1 ligation in a human peripheral blood T cell–B cell culture system reduced the following in both healthy controls and patients with SLE: conjugate formation, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production by B cells, IL‐21 and IL‐17A production by T cells, and Ig and autoantibody production. Whereas the SLAMF1 mAb directly affected the function of isolated peripheral B cells by decreasing IL‐6 and Ig production in vitro, it did not affect cytokine production by isolated T cells stimulated in vitro.ConclusionThe SLAMF1 antibody inhibits T cell–B cell interaction and suppresses B cell cytokine production and differentiation, thereby acting as a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of patients with SLE.
Formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase at Constant Potentials: a Model Study on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
Authors: Antonopoulos Byron K. , Maglia Filippo , Schmidt‐Stein Felix , Schmidt Jan P. , Hoster Harry E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the BMW Group and Lancaster University. The image illustrates the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium‐ion battery anodes during its formation and the probing of its electrochemical properties via the ferrocene outer–sphere reaction.Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/batt.201800029.
Selection criterion of work matrix as a function of limiting estimates of the covariance matrix of correlated data in GEE
Authors: Silva Jackelya Araujo Da , Cirillo Marcelo Angelo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe modeling of generalized estimating equations used in the analysis of longitudinal data whether in continuous or discrete variables, necessarily requires the prior specification of a correlation matrix in its iterative process in order to obtain the estimates of the regression parameters. Such a matrix is called working correlation matrix and its incorrect specification produces less efficient estimates for the model parameters. Due to this fact, this study aims to propose a selection criterion of working correlation matrix based on the covariance matrix estimates of correlated responses resulting from the limiting values of the association parameter estimates. For validation of the criterion, we used simulation studies considering normal and binary correlated responses. Compared to some criteria in the literature, it was concluded that the proposed criterion resulted in a better performance when the correlation structure for exchangeable working correlation matrix was considered as true structure in the simulated samples and for large samples, the proposed criterion showed similar behavior to the other criteria, resulting in higher success rates.
Preoperative radiation may improve the outcomes of resectable IIIA/N2 non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients: A propensity score matching‐based analysis from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database
Authors: Chen Dawei , Wang Haiyong , Song Xinyu , Yue Jinbo , Yu Jinming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere are several therapeutic strategies for the management of resectable stage IIIA/N2 non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the role of radiotherapy as a preoperative adjuvant therapy is unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients who either underwent preoperative radiation (PrORT), or did not undergo preoperative radiation, collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, between 2004 and 2013. The primary endpoints were cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsUltimately, 493 patients treated with preoperative radiation and 2675 patients treated who were not treated with preoperative radiation, were included in the analysis. Overall, preoperative radiation was associated with a better CSS (HR: 1.427 [1.297‐1.572], P = 0.014) and OS (HR: 1.220 [1.131‐1.493], P = 0.002) than that observed in patients who did not undergo preoperative radiation. After PSM, preoperative radiation still showed advantage in both CSS and OS. Only age, T stage, and preoperative radiation remained independent prognostic factors for both OS and CSS. In the subgroup analysis, the advantages of preoperative radiotherapy were more pronounced in patients with stage T3 tumors and highly differentiated tumors.ConclusionsPreoperative radiation may improve the outcomes of resectable IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients. In IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients, particularly with T3 and highly differentiated tumors, clinicians should boldly apply preoperative radiotherapy to improve the patients' survival.
EBV‐positive, HHV8‐negative large B‐cell lymphoma with an unusual germinotropic growth pattern in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Asakrah Saja K. , Bhargava Parul , Bryke Christine R. 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageClinicopathologic and cytogenetic findings of an unusual EBV+ve, HHV8−ve germinotropic lymphoma, with a nongerminal center immunophenotype occurring in an immunocompetent individual, are presented. A comprehensive literature search revealed a single report of three similar cases. These may represent a unique subset of EBV‐positive large B‐cell lymphomas in immunocompetent individuals.
π‐Allylpalladium Species in Micelles of FI‐750‐M for Sustainable and General Suzuki‐Miyaura Couplings of Unactivated Quinoline Systems in Water
Authors: Handa Sachin , Ibrahim Faisal , Ansari Tharique N. , Gallou Fabrice 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGeneral, clean, and sustainable Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐couplings of 2‐and 4‐quinoline and isoquinoline systems have been demonstrated with use of π‐allyl Pd catalyst in the nanomicelles of environmentally benign, proline‐derived surfactant FI‐750‐M. Optimized reaction conditions mostly provided good‐to‐excellent yields up to gram‐scale with high selectivity and functional group tolerance. Control studies revealed the long‐term stability of the catalyst in FI‐750‐M. Both the catalyst and micellar reaction medium have been recycled. The behavior of the nanomicelles has been elucidated with DLS and cryo‐TEM measurements, and mechanistic investigations have revealed the reversible binding of quinoline nitrogen with palladium that competitively inhibits reaction rate.
Analysis of 2D DNA Origami with Nanopipettes
Authors: Raveendran Mukhil , Lee Andrew J. , Wälti Christoph , Actis Paolo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNanopipettes are a useful tool for the detection and analysis of biological molecules at the single‐molecule level. Here, we employ nanopipettes fabricated from glass capillaries to identify differently structured 2D DNA origami through the distinctive amplitude and dwell time of the ion current peak resulting from the translocation of the origami through the nanopipette pore. We demonstrate that the ion current peak originating from frame‐like DNA origami comprises two individual peaks in contrast to solid tiles of similar size that only lead to a single peak in the ion current. Interestingly, the fine details of the shape of the double‐peak characteristic of the translocation of DNA origami frames are correlated with the structural features of the DNA origami. In particular, the size of the central cavity governs the lag time between the two constituent peaks of the double‐peak. This work demonstrates the ability of glass nanopipettes to identify and characterize differently structured DNA origami of similar size, advancing the potential of nanopipettes for high‐sensitivity single‐molecule studies.
MOF‐Derived Bifunctional Iron Oxide and Iron Phosphide Nanoarchitecture Photoelectrode for Neutral Water Splitting
Authors: Shit Subhash Chandra , Mondal Indranil , Pendem Saikiran , Bai Linyi , Park Jeong Young , Mondal John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe rational design of effective and inexpensive electrocatalysts for solar‐powered water splitting is under intense focus to overcome barriers during half‐cell reactions. Towards addressing this issue, we designed and sequentially synthesized Fe2O3 and FeP nanoparticles encapsulated on a carbonaceous matrix nanoarchitecture (Fe2O3@C and FeP@C) from an Fe‐based 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate framework (Fe‐MIL‐88B) through high‐temperature pyrolysis followed by a solid‐/gas‐phase low‐temperature phosphidation process. These nanoparticles were employed as bifunctional electrocatalysts deposited onto a Si photoelectrode assembly. The changes in morphological and electronic properties of the as‐prepared catalysts were investigated after controlled heat treatment. As‐synthesized Fe2O3@C/Si and FeP@C/Si were found to be superior bifunctional photoelectrodes in a neutral aqueous medium under simulated solar irradiation of 100 mW cm−2. Fe2O3@C/Si exhibited high activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), providing a photoanodic current density of 2.5 mA cm−2 at 1.65 V (vs. RHE), which was driven by the type‐II heterojunction model in the Fe2O3@C/Si system. In parallel, the FeP@C/Si materials exhibited noticeable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, generating 10 mA cm−2 cathodic current at −0.07 V (vs. RHE). The varied performance could be attributed to the bulk size dependency of the crystalline Fe2O3 phase on the conductive sp2‐hybridized carbon framework and an intrinsic synergetic effect in the FeP@C, which originates from electronic interactions between Fe and P with high porosity, and which permits easy diffusion of the electrolyte and efficient electron transfer during hydrogen generation.
Solvent and Ligand Substitution Effects on the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with [Mo(CO)4(x,x′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)] (x=4–6) Enhanced at a Gold Cathodic Surface
Authors: Taylor James O. , Leavey Roisín D. , Hartl František 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of molybdenum tetracarbonyl complexes with dimethyl‐substituted 2,2′‐bipyridine (dmbipy) ligands were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) combined with infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IR‐SEC) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) to explore their potential in a reduced state to trigger electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO. Addressed is their ability to take advantage of a low‐energy, CO‐dissociation two‐electron ECE pathway available only at an Au cathode. A comparison is made with the reference complex bearing unsubstituted 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy). The methyl substitution in the 6,6′ position has a large positive impact on the catalytic efficiency. This behavior is ascribed to the advantageous positioning of the steric bulk of the methyl groups, which further facilitate CO dissociation from the one‐electron‐reduced parent radical anion. On the contrary, the substitution in the 4,4′ position appears to have a negative impact on the catalytic performance, exerting a strong stabilizing effect on the π‐accepting CO ligands and, in THF, preventing exploitation of the low‐energy dissociative pathway.
Synthetic Evolution of the Multifarene Cavity from Planar Predecessors
Authors: Swamy P Chinna Ayya , Solel Ephrath , Reany Ofer , Keinan Ehud 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe stepwise evolution of curved multifarene structures from planar precursors is demonstrated, highlighting three architectural design elements: 1) employment of various aromatic units, 2) changing the hybridization of the linking atoms from sp2 to sp3, and 3) rigidification of the system by the introduction of five‐membered rings. Similar design elements have been employed to transform graphene sheets into curved carbon structures. Specifically, the stepwise synthetic evolution of multifarene[2+2], which has a curved, quite rigid structure, begins with a planar, tetraimine precursor, conversion to pairs of vicinal diamines, and the transformation of these pairs to cyclic thiourea groups. This process was probed by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. Since varying the carbonylation conditions resulted in carbamates or thiocarbamates rather than the urea or thiourea isomers, the isomeric interconversion was studied both experimentally and by DFT computations. The carbamate versus urea preference was found to reflect either kinetic or thermodynamic control, respectively.