bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of water hammer in multi-level intake hydropower station considering the impact of intake
Authors: Ding Yuan , Li TongChun , Zhao LanHao , Zhou MinZhe , Lin ChaoNing 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Multi-level intake structures are used to take the surface water of reservoirs. The changed boundary conditions will certainly make the water hammer phenomenon more complicated. This paper aims to find out the influence and law of the water hammer pressure after setting the stop log gates.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the computational fluid dynamics method with the adaptive grid technology to stimulate the water hammer phenomenon of the multi-level intake hydropower station. In the analysis, we set several different heights of stop log gates and two representative times in the starting up and shutdown processes to reflect the impact of multi-level intake structures.

Findings
The authors find that the setting of the stop log gates will reduce the pressure during the normal operation and will increase the period and amplitude of the water hammer wave, but will not necessarily increase the maximum water hammer pressure during the shutdown process. The relationship between the height of the stop log gates and the amplitude of the water hammer wave is affected by the shutdown time. After setting stop log gates, the depression depth and wave height of the water level in front of the dam increase when the load changes.

Originality/value
The authors study in this paper the water pressure of the multi-level intake hydropower station that has never been studied before and obtain some laws.
The link between perceptions of fairness, job training opportunity and at-will employees’ work attitudes
Authors: Hur Hyunkang , Ha Hyesong 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between three organizational practices (distributive justice, procedural justice and potential growth opportunity) and at-will employees’ work attitudes (job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment).Design/methodology/approachThe data for the analysis are derived from the 2000 GeorgiaGain Survey. Multinomial logit model is used to examine the relationship of three organizational practices to reduce job insecurity and to promote at-will employees’ work attitudes.FindingsThis study demonstrated that at-will employees responded positively with job satisfaction or affective organizational commitment if they perceived a strong perception of organizational practices fairly and properly, in the form of providing distributive justice (affective organizational commitment), procedural justice (job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment) and offering career development opportunity (affective organizational commitment).Originality/valueBy using a unique data set of US public employees who felt limited job security protection through at-will employment policy reform, this study has enhanced our understanding of how at-will employee group in US state government would respond to different organizational practices which is currently limited.
Job quality dynamic in Benin
Authors: Kponou Kenneth , Fomba Kamga Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the job quality in Benin between 2007 and 2011. To do this, the study constructed a multidimensional measure of job quality and identified the determinants of the quality of the job. The measure adopted by the authors includes four dimensions: wages; extra-wage benefits and regularity of employment; conditions and career opportunities; and, finally, social security. Two methods, including the construction of measure of job quality and the estimation of determinants of the job quality index, were used to test the robustness of the effects. The results show that the quality of job improved slightly between 2007 and 2011 and that factors such as experience, the type of contract, the level of education, the formal character of the company and the work hours explain the job quality of workers in Benin.

Design/methodology/approach
The measure adopted by the authors includes four dimensions: wages; extra-wage benefits and regularity of employment; conditions and career opportunities; and, finally, social security. Two methods, including the construction of measure of job quality and the estimation of determinants of the job quality index, were used to test the robustness of the effects.

Findings
The results show that the quality of job improved slightly between 2007 and 2011 and that factors such as experience, the type of contract, the level of education, the formal character of the company and the work hours explain the job quality of workers in Benin.

Originality/value
The contribution of this study lies in its analytical approach and in the fact that it reinforces the knowledge that exists on this theme, which is still little studied in African countries.
Apparel-based deep learning system design for apparel style recommendation
Authors: Guan Congying , Qin Shengfeng , Long Yang 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The big challenge in apparel recommendation system research is not the exploration of machine learning technologies in fashion, but to really understand clothes, fashion and people, and know what to learn. The purpose of this paper is to explore an advanced apparel style learning and recommendation system that can recognise deep design-associated features of clothes and learn the connotative meanings conveyed by these features relating to style and the body so that it can make recommendations as a skilled human expert.

Design/methodology/approach
This study first proposes a type of new clothes style training data. Second, it designs three intelligent apparel-learning models based on newly proposed training data including ATTRIBUTE, MEANING and the raw image data, and compares the models’ performances in order to identify the best learning model. For deep learning, two models are introduced to train the prediction model, one is a convolutional neural network joint with the baseline classifier support vector machine and the other is with a newly proposed classifier later kernel fusion.

Findings
The results show that the most accurate model (with average prediction rate of 88.1 per cent) is the third model that is designed with two steps, one is to predict apparel ATTRIBUTEs through the apparel images, and the other is to further predict apparel MEANINGs based on predicted ATTRIBUTEs. The results indicate that adding the proposed ATTRIBUTE data that captures the deep features of clothes design does improve the model performances (e.g. from 73.5 per cent, Model B to 86 per cent, Model C), and the new concept of apparel recommendation based on style meanings is technically applicable.

Originality/value
The apparel data and the design of three training models are originally introduced in this study. The proposed methodology can evaluate the pros and cons of different clothes feature extraction approaches through either images or design attributes and balance different machine learning technologies between the latest CNN and traditional SVM.
Increasing wine sales through customised wine service training – a quasi-experiment
Authors: Brain Arthur Donald 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The selling of wines is usually performed by a sommelier in the context of an upmarket restaurant. However, many restaurants cannot afford to employ a sommelier and must rely on the food and beverage service personnel to assist customers with the selection of wine. The food and beverage service personnel are generally not qualified to do this. Restaurants usually do not provide training with regard to wine knowledge, wine service skills and wine selling skills. The purpose of this paper was to establish whether wine service training had an influence on the wine sales of a restaurant.

Design/methodology/approach
A quasi-experimental research design used two restaurants from the same franchise. One restaurant was the control group while the other was the experimental group. Wine sales were monitored and recorded for a period of three months, the second month being used for the training intervention of the experimental group.

Findings
Although the results were not statistically significant, the results indicated that wine service training increased the wine sales in the restaurant of the experimental group.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature in the South African hospitality sector and establishes that wine service training is a necessity for wine sales to explore further in the restaurant industry.
Applicability of the DUNDRUM-1 in a forensic Belgium setting
Authors: Habets Petra , Jeandarme Inge , Kennedy Harry G. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Criteria to determine in which level of security forensic patients should receive treatment are currently non-existent in Belgium. Research regarding the assessment of security level is minimal and few instruments are available. The DUNDRUM toolkit is a structured clinical judgement instrument that can be used to provide support when determining security level. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability and validity of the DUNDRUM-1 in Flanders.

Design/methodology/approach
The DUNDRUM-1 was scored for 50 male patients admitted at the forensic units in the public psychiatric hospital Rekem. Some files were rated by three researchers who were blind to participants’ security status, resulting in 33 double measurements.

Findings
Almost all files (96 per cent) contained enough information to score the DUNDRUM-1. Average DUNDRUM-1 final judgement scores were concordant with a medium security profile. No difference was found between the current security levels and the DUNDRUM-1 final judgement scores. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for the DUNDRUM-1 final judgement scores. On item level, all items had excellent to good inter-rater reliability with the exception of one item institutional behaviour which had an average inter-rater reliability.

Practical implications
The DUNDRUM-1 can be a useful tool in Flemish forensic settings. It has good psychometric properties. More research is needed to investigate the relationship between DUNDRUM-1 scores and security level decisions by the courts.

Originality/value
This is the first study that investigated the applicability of the DUNDRUM-1 in a Belgian setting, also a relative large number of repeated measurements were available to investigate the inter-rater reliability of the DUNDRUM-1.
A fuzzy optimization method for octet-truss lattices
Authors: Yang Yunhui , Zhao Libin , Qi Dexuan , Shan Meijuan , Zhang Jianyu 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present a multiscale fuzzy optimization (FO) method to optimize both the density distribution and macrotopology of a uniform octet-truss lattice structure.

Design/methodology/approach
The design formulae for the strut radii are presented based on the effective mechanical properties obtained from the representative volume element. The proposed basic lattice material is applied in a normalization process to determine the material model with penalization. The solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method is extended to solve the minimum compliance problem using the optimality criteria. The evolutionary deletion process is proposed to delete elements corresponding to thin-strut unit cells and to obtain the optimal macrotopology.

Findings
Both numerical cases indicate that the FO results significantly improved in structural performance compared with the results of the conventional SIMP. The deleting threshold controls the macrotopology of the graded-density lattice structures with negligible effects on the mechanical properties.

Originality/value
This paper presents one of the first multiscale optimization methods to optimize both the relative density and macrotopology of uniform octet-truss lattices. The material model and corresponding optimality criteria of octet-truss lattices are proposed and implemented in the optimization.
Performance of generation time approximations for extinction risk assessments
Authors: Staerk Johanna , Conde Dalia A. , Ronget Victor , Lemaitre Jean‐François , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Colchero Fernando 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGeneration time is a fundamental component of extinction risk assessments for the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species. The calculation of generation time requires age‐specific data on survival and fecundity rates and knowledge of population growth rates. These data are generally lacking for threatened species, so approximations including only partial demographic information need to be used. This leads to potential errors in generation time estimates.To quantify the magnitude of potential errors in generation time estimates, we compared seven approximations with exact generation time measures, calculated either from complete life tables available for 58 mammalian species or from simulated data. We tested the influence of these errors on conservation assessments conducting mock assessments for ten species. We also tested the commonly used prediction of generation time based on the allometric relationship with body mass using phylogenetic generalized least squares.Root mean square errors were largest in measures assuming constant fecundity with age, some of which are currently used in Red List assessments. We found that the measure of generation time that only ignores population growth rates performed relatively well, but tended to underestimate the generation time for decreasing populations, and over‐estimate it for increasing populations.In the mock assessment, we found that we underestimated the threat level in 10% to 90% of the species depending on the generation time approximation we used.The predictive metric of generation time based on body mass is inaccurate. We propose an alternative predictive metric based on body mass, age at first reproduction, and reproductive life span.Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate potential errors that occur when estimating generation time in the absence of key demographic information. We offer practical recommendations for extinction risk assessments including more rigorous mathematical formulations of generation time, such as the measure of generation time that includes population growth rates and the appropriate age‐specific vital rates. Furthermore, we recommend alerting risk assessors of the uncertainties in proxy measures, such as the underestimation of generation time resulting from the assumption of constant fecundity in future Red List assessments.
Postcards from the Edge? Setting the Suburban Scene
Authors: Huq Rupa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis introduction highlights four themes about the politics of suburbia which are developed in the collection. First, what constitutes suburbia is multiple and constantly changing. This is reflected in diverse and evolving architectures and economic conditions. Second, the idea of the suburb as synonymous with the pinnacle of betterment is taking a battering as suburbs are now looking the worse for wear. ‘Just about managing’ families and the ‘squeezed middle’ are to be found in the suburbs. Third, in post‐2016 Britain, Brexit is the new political fault‐line where regional variations manifest themselves, and this is reflected in distinctive suburban politics, producing strange bedfellows spanning Surrey and Sunderland. Fourth, voting patterns reflect the dynamism of the modern suburb. The social and physical environment of the suburb may shape attitudes to some extent, but incomers have brought their politics with them.
The analyst as a citizen in the world
Authors: Singer Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBeginning with a ‘big dream’ from almost fifty years ago, this paper tracks movement back and forth from an inner/individual adaptation to life to outer/collective adaptations through various stages of a life's journey. The rhythm between more inner orientation at one stage gives way to more outer adaptation at another stage and vice versa. This same movement can be paralleled by an exclusive emphasis on analysis at one stage and more of a mixture of analysis and activism at another stage. At the heart of this narrative is the realization that an inner big dream of decades before, symbolised both an inner path of developing a relationship with life‐promoting energies and an outer path represented by facilitating others’ discovery and participation in those energies. The dream therefore anticipated a more activist future of connecting inner and outer, individual and collective in various professional projects. This has resulted in occasional glimpses of the fact that the ‘spirit of the depths’ and ‘the spirit of the times’ can have a common meeting ground.
The incremental cost of infections associated with multidrug‐resistant organisms in the inpatient hospital setting—A national estimate
Authors: Johnston Kenton J. , Thorpe Kenneth E. , Jacob Jesse T. , Murphy David J. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the cost of infections associated with multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) during inpatient hospitalization in the United States.Data Sources/Study Setting2014 National Inpatient Sample.Study DesignMultivariable regression models assessed the incremental effect of MDROs on the cost of hospitalization and hospital length of stay among patients with bacterial infections.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe retrospectively identified 6 385 258 inpatient stays for patients with bacterial infection.Principal FindingsThe national incidence rate of inpatient stays with bacterial infection is 20.1 percent. At least 10.8 percent of such stays—and as many as 16.9 percent if we account for undercoded infections—show evidence of one or more MDROs. MRSA, C. difficile, infection with another MDRO, and the presence of more than one MDRO are associated with $1718 (95% CI, $1609‐$1826), $4617 (95% CI, $4407‐$4827), $2302 (95% CI, $2044‐$2560), and $3570 (95% CI, $3019‐$4122) in additional costs per stay, respectively. The national cost of infections associated with MDROs is at least $2.39 billion (95% CI, $2.25‐$2.52 billion) and as high as $3.38 billion (95% CI, $3.13‐$3.62 billion) if we account for undercoded infections.ConclusionsInfections associated with MDROs result in a substantial cost burden to the US health care system.
Lactic Acid Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Tradition, Technology, Current State of Research: A Review
Authors: Jabłońska‐Ryś Ewa , Skrzypczak Katarzyna , Sławińska Aneta , Radzki Wojciech , Gustaw Waldemar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPickling is one of the methods for preserving food. However, this term may refer to both types of products, that is, to those subjected to lactic acid fermentation and to marinated ones (acidified) that are usually produced by the addition of acetic acid. Various raw materials are subjected to lactic acid fermentation (vegetable and animal origin), which yields food products with high nutritional and dietary value. In many regions of the world, the process of lactic fermentation is also traditionally used to preserve fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms. Mushrooms are appreciated for their organoleptic qualities as well as the presence of many different bioactive substances exhibiting healing and health‐promoting properties. This article reviews the literature related to the use of lactic fermentation in the process of mushroom preservation. Particular attention has been paid to the aspects of the technological process and its impact on the quality and suitability of the final products. Moreover, research results concerning the influence of lactic fermentation on chemical and physical changes in fruiting bodies of edible fungi are also presented.
Effective triage in the Pacific region: The development and implementation of the Solomon Islands Triage Scale
Authors: Wanefalea Lynne E , Mitchell Rob , Sale Trina , Sanau Elizabeth , Phillips Georgina A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe ED at the National Referral Hospital in Honiara, Solomon Islands, receives approximately 50 000 patients per year. A 2014 review of ED functioning identified deficiencies in triage processes. Placement of Australian volunteer advisors provided an opportunity to develop and implement a purpose‐designed triage system.MethodsAction research methodology and the ‘plan, act, observe, reflect’ cycle was employed, leading to the development of a three‐tier triage system based on the South African Triage Scale. ED patient flow and data management processes were simultaneously updated, and staff were trained in the new system. After a pilot period, the Solomon Islands Triage Scale was implemented in August 2017. Evaluation after 3 months of operation included predictive validity (using admission and case fatality rates as surrogate markers of urgency) and reliability (based on inter‐rater agreement at retrospective chart review by an independent nurse).ResultsIn the period 1 August to 31 October, there were 10 905 presentations, of which 97.1% were allocated a triage category (1% category 1, 21.3% category 2 and the remainder category 3). Admission rates correlated closely with triage category (P < 0.01). The case fatality rate was 22.1% for category 1 patients, 0.09% for category 2 and 0.01% for category 3 (P < 0.01). An audit of 96 records conducted in October 2017 revealed 88.4% agreement for triage category allocation.ConclusionSolomon Islands Triage Scale is the first three‐tier triage scale to be implemented in the Pacific region and appears to have adequate validity and reliability. The partnership between Australian volunteers and local clinicians is a positive example of capacity development and represents a model that could be implemented in other resource‐limited settings.
The Painted Chamber at Westminster and the Openings of Parliament, 1399–1484*
Authors: Caddick Jennifer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the use of the Painted Chamber in the Palace of Westminster as a parliamentary space in the 15th century, focusing on 41 openings of parliament held there between 1399 and 1484. It will examine the history and images of the Painted Chamber and the procedures of the opening of parliament through a combination of historical, art historical, and archaeological sources, scholarship and methodologies. It will argue that the Painted Chamber and the openings of parliament therein were tools used by the crown to establish a dynamic between itself and the Commons in which the crown claimed its right to authority but also encouraged a political dialogue. Furthermore, it will argue that this need for dialogue was a response to the growing political influence of the Commons.