bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated aortic insufficiency valve repair with external ring annuloplasty: a standardized approach
Authors: Zakkar Mustafa , Bruno Vito D , Zacek Pavel , Di Centa Isabelle , Acar Christophe , Khelil Nizar , Debauchez Mathieu , Lansac Emmanuel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Aortic valve (AV) insufficiency with normal root and ascending aorta is most frequently treated by valve replacement with significant prosthetic-related complications and reduced life expectancy. We compared the outcomes of a new standardized isolated AV repair approach using an external aortic annuloplasty ring at the subvalvular level (single ring annuloplasty) and the role of an additional supravalvular ring at the sinotubular junction (double ring annuloplasty).

METHODS
Single centre data were collected from the Aortic Valve Insufficiency and ascending aorta Aneurysm InternATiOnal Registry (AVIATOR) between 2003 and 2017. A total of 93 patients (56 single ring and 37 double ring) underwent isolated AV repair.

RESULTS
The overall 30-day mortality rate and the need for a permanent pacemaker were 1% and 2%, respectively. The overall survival rate at 6 years was similar for sex- and age-matched members of the general population (89% vs 95%; P = 0.1) and did not differ between the double and single ring groups (82% vs 93%; P = 0.4) at 6 years. There were no thromboembolic or bleeding events in the entire cohort. However, at 6 years, the cumulative incidence of valve-related reintervention was 26% in the single ring annuloplasty group compared to 3% in the double ring annuloplasty (P = 0.02) group. Similarly, at 6 years, the cumulative incidence of moderate-to-severe (>2) aortic insufficiency was 30% in the single ring annuloplasty group compared to 0% in the double ring annuloplasty group (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS
Standardized AV repair with external ring annuloplasty has a survival rate similar to that of the general population. The additional stabilization of the sinotubular junction with a second supravalvular ring (double ring annuloplasty) is associated with better outcomes compared to single subvalvular annuloplasty. It can be considered as a first line intervention for patients with isolated aortic insufficiency and pliable leaflets.
Mars or Mercury? The geopolitics of international currency choice*
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Mehl Arnaud , Chiţu Livia 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWe assess the role of economic and security considerations in the currency composition of international reserves. We contrast the ‘Mercury hypothesis’ that currency choice is governed by pecuniary factors familiar to the literature, such as economic size and credibility of major reserve currency issuers, against the ‘Mars hypothesis’ that this depends on geopolitical factors. Using data on foreign reserves of 19 countries before World War I, for which the currency composition of reserves is known and security alliances proliferated, our results lend support to both hypotheses. We find that military alliances boost the share of a currency in the partner’s foreign reserve holdings by about 30 percentage points. These findings speak to the implications of possible US disengagement from global geopolitical affairs. In a hypothetical scenario where the United States withdraws from the world, our estimates suggest that long-term US interest rates could rise by as much as 80 basis points, assuming that the composition of global reserves changes but their level does not.
The contribution of drinking culture at comprehensive school to heavy episodic drinking from adolescence to midlife
Authors: Berg Noora , Virtanen Marianna , Lintonen Tomi , Hammarström Anne 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The school context is associated with adolescent alcohol use, but it is not clear whether this association continues into adulthood. This study examined whether exposure to drunkenness oriented drinking culture in 9th grade school class is associated with individuals’ heavy episodic drinking (HED) from adolescence to midlife.

Methods
Participants in the ‘Northern Swedish Cohort’ study aged 16 years in 1981 were followed-up when aged 18, 21, 30 and 43 (N = 1080). Individual-level factors were HED, positive attitudes towards drunkenness, early initiation of HED and peer-oriented spare-time. School class-level drinking culture was measured as classmate reported HED, positive attitudes, early initiation of HED and peer-oriented spare time. Multilevel log-binomial regression analyses were adjusted for gender, parental socioeconomic background, family structure and HED at age 16.

Results
After adjustment for sociodemographic factors several cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were found between class-level indicators of drinking culture and individual HED. After additional adjustment for age 16 HED, most associations attenuated. The risk ratio (95% confidence interval) for engaging in HED at age 43 was 1.58 (1.03–2.42) times higher for those who at age 16 had many classmates reporting positive attitude towards drunkenness.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that drinking culture in school may have a long-lasting impact on drinking habits in adulthood. The associations with HED at follow-ups are likely mediated by HED in adolescence. Studies on alcohol use would benefit from taking into account both individual and contextual factors in a life course perspective.
On the Group of Almost Periodic Diffeomorphisms and its Exponential Map
Authors: Sun Xu , Topalov Peter 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We define the group of almost periodic diffeomorphisms on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and on an arbitrary Lie group. We then study the properties of its Riemannian and Lie group exponential maps and provide applications to fluid equations. In particular, we show that there exists a geodesic of a weak Riemannian metric on the group of almost periodic diffeomorphisms of the line that consists entirely of conjugate points.
The Hilbert Transform and Orthogonal Martingales in Banach Spaces
Authors: Osękowski Adam , Yaroslavtsev Ivan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Let $X$ be a given Banach space, and let $M$ and $N$ be two orthogonal $X$-valued local martingales such that $N$ is weakly differentially subordinate to $M$. The paper contains the proof of the estimate $\mathbb E \Psi (N_t) \leq C_{\Phi ,\Psi ,X} \mathbb E \Phi (M_t)$, $t\geq 0$, where $\Phi , \Psi :X \to \mathbb R_+$ are convex continuous functions and the least admissible constant $C_{\Phi ,\Psi ,X}$ coincides with the $\Phi ,\Psi $-norm of the periodic Hilbert transform. As a corollary, it is shown that the $\Phi ,\Psi $-norms of the periodic Hilbert transform, the Hilbert transform on the real line, and the discrete Hilbert transform are the same if $\Phi $ is symmetric. We also prove that under certain natural assumptions on $\Phi $ and $\Psi $, the condition $C_{\Phi ,\Psi ,X}&lt;\infty $ yields the UMD property of the space $X$. As an application, we provide comparison of $L^p$-norms of the periodic Hilbert transform to Wiener and Paley–Walsh decoupling constants. We also study the norms of the periodic, nonperiodic, and discrete Hilbert transforms and present the corresponding estimates in the context of differentially subordinate harmonic functions and more general singular integral operators.
Zap it track it: the application of Lean Six Sigma methods to improve the screening system of low-grade mucinous neoplasms of the appendix in an acute hospital setting
Authors: McGrath kathleen , Casserly Mairéad , O’mara Freda , Mulsow Jurgen , Shields Conor , Staunton Oonagh , Teeling Seán Paul , Ward Marie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To improve the number of patients receiving annual computed tomography (CT) scan and tumour markers, who are diagnosed with low-grade mucinous neoplasms (LAMN).

Design
A pre-/post-intervention design was employed using Lean Six Sigma methods to identify gaps in the screening system and to develop and implement solutions for a more robust, auditable screening programme.

Setting
The patients diagnosed with LAMN of the appendix referred to the acute hospital and are enrolled in the screening service.

Participants
Consultant colorectal surgeons, cancer nurse specialist, colorectal medical team and quality improvement staff.

Interventions
Diagnostic tools identified gaps in the current process. A set of improvements were implemented to standardize the pathway for referral and surveillance of patients, provide information on the condition and treatment and standardize and track information received by patients and their referring hospital.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Pre and post-intervention outcome measures were taken for the number of patients who receive an annual CT of thoracic, abdomen and peritoneum and tumour markers and number of patients who receive information and contact details.

Results
At baseline, of the 28 patients that met the inclusion criteria only 61% had a correct follow-up. Following the implementation of improvements, 78% of patients had correct follow-up and 90% had received information.

Conclusions
Gaps in the current cancer screening system were identified and improvements implemented a reduced number of patients having an incorrect follow-up. Findings are applicable across all precancerous screening systems irrespective of the type of malignancy. The methods used empowered patients and fostered an interdisciplinary team approach to care.
Aedes Vector Surveillance in the Southeastern United States Reveals Growing Threat of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus
Authors: McKenzie Benjamin A , Stevens Kelly , McKenzie Ansley E , Bozic Jovana , Mathias Derrick , Zohdy Sarah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are on the rise globally, and have the potential to thrive along the Gulf Coast of the United States, where subtropical conditions may facilitate the introduction or movement of mosquito vectors. Despite surveillance efforts, Aedes aegypti (L.) had not been detected in the Gulf state of Alabama for nearly three decades. The detection of Ae. aegypti in Alabama may suggest remnant or reemergent populations of this vector. We conducted adult sampling between May and August of 2018 to capture mosquitoes during a time frame when all species should be active. This was to ensure no species were missed due to overwintering and to identify the distributions of Aedes mosquitoes of medical importance. No Ae. aegypti were detected in Alabama over the period of this study. We detected Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in 65 counties and the recently invasive Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) in 30 counties across the state. These results indicate that while Ae. aegypti was recently reported from parts of Alabama, the state is not experiencing a major resurgence of the species, whereas Ae. albopictus remains ubiquitous. Further, results indicate that a third wave of Aedes invasion may be occurring, that of Ae. japonicus japonicus. All three of these species are medically important vectors and may pose threats to the public health of the Gulf Coast of the United States.
My Way to Theopoetics Through Eriugena
Authors: Kearney Richard 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This piece charts the author’s journey to theopoetics through the work of John Scotus Eriugena. Focusing on the key role played by Celtic mysticism in the development of a panentheist vision of things, the essay offers a poetical and ecological approach to our philosophical rethinking of divinity, nature and creation. It concludes with a tribute to the hilarious notion of a ‘running God’.
Spoken Word and Spirit’s Breath: A Theopoetics of Performance Poetry
Authors: Dodd Elizabeth S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Stanley Romaine Hopper defined theopoiesis as a performative form of thinking that ‘effect[s] disclosure through the crucial nexus of event’. Unlike theology which seeks an explanation of the revelatory through the tools of rational discourse, this poetic and participatory activity is ‘a breathing with the inhale and exhale of Being … that “the god” may breathe through us’. Following Hopper, this article addresses the performative ‘event’ of the spoken word as a window into a discussion of creative breath, exploring its implications for a theology that seeks to ‘breathe with’ the Spirit. The use of breath in the work of contemporary poets Tony Walsh and Kate Tempest demonstrates a perhaps largely unacknowledged form of poetic ‘difficulty’ (one of Geoffrey Hill’s criteria for good poetry) in the spoken word. Their intriguing practices of creative breath may contribute to a theopoetics of the Spirit that takes poetic performance seriously as a means of revelatory disclosure.
Mucormycosis due to Apophysomyces species complex- 25 years’ experience at a tertiary care hospital in southern India
Authors: Pamidimukkala Umabala , Sudhaharan Sukanya , Kancharla Anuradha , Vemu Lakshmi , Challa Sundaram , Karanam Sandhya Devi , Chavali Padmasri , Prakash Hariprasath , Ghosh Anup Kumar , Gupta Sunita , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApophysomyces elegans species complex is an important cause of cutaneous mucormycosis in India. However, majority of those cases are reported as case reports only. We desired to analyze our patients with Apophysomyces infection reported over 25 years (1992–2017) to understand the epidemiology, management, and outcome of the disease. During the study period 24 cases were reported, and the majority (95.8%) of them presented with necrotizing fasciitis following accidental/surgical/iatrogenic trauma. One patient presented with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) related peritonitis. Healthcare related Apophysomyces infection was noted in 29.2% patients. In addition to trauma, comorbidities were noted in 37.5% patients (type 2diabetes mellitus-6, chronic alcoholism-2, and chronic kidney disease-1). Of the 24 isolates, 11 isolates starting from year 2014 were identified as Apophysomyces variabilis by molecular methods. Majority (95.8%) of the patients were managed surgically with or without amphotericin B deoxycholate therapy, while one patient was treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate alone. Among 24 patients, seven (29.1%) recovered, six (25%) patients could not afford antifungal management and left the hospital against medical advice, and 11 (45.9%) patients died.The present case series highlights that necrotizing fasciitis caused by A. variabilis is prevalent in India, and the disease may be healthcare related. Although diagnosis is not difficult, awareness among surgeons is still limited about the infection, leading to a delay in sending samples to the mycology laboratory. Apophysomyces infection must be considered in the differential diagnosis in apatient with progressive necrosis of a wound who is not responding to antibacterial therapy.
Five new real-time detections of fast radio bursts with UTMOST
Authors: Farah W , Flynn C , Bailes M , Jameson A , Bateman T , Campbell-Wilson D , Day C K , Deller A T , Green A J , Gupta V , Hunstead R , Lower M E , Osłowski S , Parthasarathy A , Price D C , Ravi V , Shannon R M , Sutherland A , Temby D , Krishnan V Venkatraman , Caleb M , Chang S-W , Cruces M , Roy J , Morello V , Onken C A , Stappers B W , Webb S , Wolf C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We detail a new fast radio burst (FRB) survey with the Molonglo Radio Telescope, in which six FRBs were detected between 2017 June and 2018 December. By using a real-time FRB detection system, we captured raw voltages for five of the six events, which allowed for coherent dedispersion and very high time resolution (10.24 $\mu$s) studies of the bursts. Five of the FRBs show temporal broadening consistent with interstellar and/or intergalactic scattering, with scattering time-scales ranging from 0.16 to 29.1 ms. One burst, FRB181017, shows remarkable temporal structure, with three peaks each separated by 1 ms. We searched for phase-coherence between the leading and trailing peaks and found none, ruling out lensing scenarios. Based on this survey, we calculate an all-sky rate at 843 MHz of $98^{+59}_{-39}$ events sky−1 d−1 to a fluence limit of 8 Jy ms: a factor of 7 below the rates estimated from the Parkes and ASKAP telescopes at 1.4 GHz assuming the ASKAP-derived spectral index α = −1.6 (Fν ∝ να). Our results suggest that FRB spectra may turn over below 1 GHz. Optical, radio, and X-ray follow-up has been made for most of the reported bursts, with no associated transients found. No repeat bursts were found in the survey.
The tidal disruption event AT2017eqx: spectroscopic evolution from hydrogen rich to poor suggests an atmosphere and outflow
Authors: Nicholl M , Blanchard P K , Berger E , Gomez S , Margutti R , Alexander K D , Guillochon J , Leja J , Chornock R , Snios B , Auchettl K , Bruce A G , Challis P , D’Orazio D J , Drout M R , Eftekhari T , Foley R J , Graur O , Kilpatrick C D , Lawrence A , Piro A L , Rojas-Bravo C , Ross N P , Short P , Smartt S J , Smith K W , Stalder B 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWe present and analyse a new tidal disruption event (TDE), AT2017eqx at redshift z = 0.1089, discovered by Pan-STARRS and ATLAS. The position of the transient is consistent with the nucleus of its host galaxy; the spectrum shows a persistent blackbody temperature T ≳ 20 000 K with broad H i and He ii emission; and it peaks at a blackbody luminosity of L ≈ 1044 erg s−1. The lines are initially centred at zero velocity, but by 100 d, the H i lines disappear while the He ii develops a blueshift of ≳ 5000 km s−1. Both the early- and late-time morphologies have been seen in other TDEs, but the complete transition between them is unprecedented. The evolution can be explained by combining an extended atmosphere, undergoing slow contraction, with a wind in the polar direction becoming visible at late times. Our observations confirm that a lack of hydrogen a TDE spectrum does not indicate a stripped star, while the proposed model implies that much of the diversity in TDEs may be due to the observer viewing angle. Modelling the light curve suggests AT2017eqx resulted from the complete disruption of a solar-mass star by a black hole of ∼106.3 M⊙. The host is another Balmer-strong absorption galaxy, though fainter and less centrally concentrated than most TDE hosts. Radio limits rule out a relativistic jet, while X-ray limits at 500 d are among the deepest for a TDE at this phase.
Optical follow-up study of 32 high-redshift galaxy cluster candidates from Planck with the William Herschel Telescope
Authors: Zohren Hannah , Schrabback Tim , van der Burg Remco F J , Arnaud Monique , Melin Jean-Baptiste , van den Busch Jan Luca , Hoekstra Henk , Klein Matthias 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Planck satellite has detected cluster candidates via the Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SZ) effect, but the optical follow-up required to confirm these candidates is still incomplete, especially at high redshifts and for SZ detections at low significance. In this work, we present our analysis of optical observations obtained for 32 Planck cluster candidates using ACAM on the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope. These cluster candidates were pre-selected using SDSS, WISE, and Pan-STARRS images to likely represent distant clusters at redshifts z ≳ 0.7. We obtain photometric redshift and richness estimates for all of the cluster candidates from a red-sequence analysis of r-, i-, and z-band imaging data. In addition, long-slit observations allow us to measure the redshifts of a subset of the clusters spectroscopically. The optical richness is often lower than expected from the inferred SZ mass when compared to scaling relations previously calibrated at low redshifts. This likely indicates the impact of Eddington bias and projection effects or noise-induced detections, especially at low-SZ significance. Thus, optical follow-up not only provides redshift measurements, but also an important independent verification method. We find that 18 (7) of the candidates at redshifts z &gt; 0.5 (z &gt; 0.8) are at least half as rich as expected from scaling relations, thereby clearly confirming these candidates as massive clusters. While the complex selection function of our sample due to our pre-selection hampers its use for cosmological studies, we do provide a validation of massive high-redshift clusters particularly suitable for further astrophysical investigations.
Radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the evolution of the diffuse ionized gas in disc galaxies
Authors: Vandenbroucke Bert , Wood Kenneth 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
There is strong evidence that the diffuse ionized gas (DIG) in disc galaxies is photoionized by radiation from UV luminous O and B stars in the galactic disc, both from observations and detailed numerical models. However, it is still not clear what mechanism is responsible for providing the necessary pressure support for a diffuse gas layer at kpc-scale above the disc. In this work, we investigate if the pressure increase caused by photoionization can provide this support. We run self-consistent radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) models of a gaseous disc in an external potential. We find that photoionization feedback can drive low levels of turbulence in the dense galactic disc, and that it provides pressure support for an extended diffuse gas layer. Our results show that there is a natural fine-tuning between the total ionizing radiation budget of the sources in the galaxy and the amount of gas in the different ionization phases of the interstellar medium, and provide the first fully consistent RHD model of the DIG.
Evaluation of patient education materials for stereotactic radiosurgery from high-performing neurosurgery hospitals and professional societies
Authors: Rooney Michael K , Golden Daniel W , Byun John , Lukas Rimas V , Sonabend Adam M , Lesniak Maciej S , Sachdev Sean 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the readability and utility of patient education materials for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to evaluate such materials from high-performing neurosurgery hospitals and professional societies through an analysis of readability and educational content.

Methods
In this cross-cross sectional study, 61 websites associated with the top 50 neurosurgery and neurology hospitals according to U.S. News & World Report (USNWR) and 11 predetermined professional medical societies were queried. Identified SRS education materials were analyzed by 6 readability indices. Educational content was assessed by 10 criteria based on surveys of patients’ perspectives about SRS.

Results
Fifty-four materials were identified from the target population (45 from USNWR hospital websites and 9 from professional society websites). Mean readability of materials ranged from 11.7 to 15.3 grade level, far more difficult than national recommendations of sixth and eighth grade. Materials were found to have deficiencies in educational content. Compared with high-performing hospitals, materials from websites of professional societies were longer (P = .002), and more likely to discuss risks and benefits specific to SRS (P = .008), alternative treatment options (P = .05) and expected outcomes or postprocedure descriptions (P = .004). Hospital materials were also more likely to favor brand-specific terminology (eg, GammaKnife) over generic terminology (eg, radiosurgery; P = .019).

Conclusion
Publicly available online patient educational materials for SRS are written at reading levels above national recommendations. Furthermore, many lack information identified as important by patients. Reevaluation and improvement of online SRS educational materials on a national scale are warranted.