bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineral Paragenesis and Ore‐Forming Processes of the Dongping Gold Deposit, Hebei Province, China
Authors: Wang Dazhao , Liu Jiajun , Zhai Degao , Carranza Emmanuel J. M. , Wang Yinhong , Zhen Shimin , Wang Jiang , Wang Jianping , Liu Zhenjiang , Zhang Fangfang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Dongping gold deposit is located near the center of the northern margin of the North China Craton. It is hosted in the Shuiquangou syenite and characterized by large amounts of tellurides. Numerous studies have addressed this deposit; the mineral paragenesis and ore‐forming processes, however, are still poorly studied. In this contribution, a new mineral paragenesis has been evaluated to further understand ore formation, including sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, and bornite), tellurides (altaite, calaverite, hessite, muthmannite, petzite, rucklidgeite, sylvanite, tellurobismuthite, tetradymite, and volynskite), and native elements (tellurium and gold). Molybdenite, muthmannite, rucklidgeite, and volynskite are reported for the first time in this deposit. We consider the Dongping gold deposit mainly formed in the Devonian, and the ore‐forming processes and the physicochemical conditions for ore formation can be reconstructed based on our newly identified ore paragenesis, that is, iron oxides → (CO2 effervescence) → sulfides → (fTe2/fS2 ratio increase) → Pb‐Bi‐tellurides → (condensation of H2Te vapor) → Au‐Ag‐tellurides → (mixing with oxidizing water) → carbonate and microporous gold → secondary minerals → secondary minerals. The logfO2 values increase from the early to late stages, while the fH2S and logfS2 values increase initially and then decrease. CO2 effervescence is the main mechanism of sulfides precipitation; this sulfidation and condensation of H2Te vapor lead to deposition of tellurides. The development of microporous gold indicates that the deposit might experience overprint after mineralization. The Dongping gold deposit has a close genetic relationship with the Shuiquangou syenite, and tellurium likely originated from Shuiquangou alkaline magmatic degassing.
Is oxidative stress an issue in peritoneal dialysis?
Authors: Roumeliotis Stefanos , Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Liakopoulos Vassilios 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring the last two decades, oxidative stress (OS) has emerged as a novel risk factor for a variety of adverse events, including atherosclerosis and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Increased OS occurs even in early stages of the disease, progresses with deterioration of renal function and is further aggravated by hemodialysis (HD), due to the bioincompatibility of the method. Compared to HD, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a more biocompatible dialysis modality, characterized by a significantly reduced, but still high, OS status. The culprit for OS in PD is mainly the composition of PD solutions (low pH, lactate buffer, increased osmolarity and high glucose concentration). After heat sterilization of PD solutions, formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs) and advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) trigger inflammation and enhance OS. Chronic exposure of the peritoneum to this toxic, hyperglycemic environment leads to OS‐derived morphologic damage of peritoneal cells, loss of ultrafiltration capacity and decreased technique survival. Moreover, OS is linked with peritonitis, loss of residual renal function, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular (CV) disease, and increased mortality. To ameliorate OS status in PD, a multitargeted approach is necessary that includes use of neutral pH, low GDP, low lactate and iso‐ismolar PD solutions, strict glycemic control, optimal volume management and, probably supplementation with antioxidants, N‐acetylcysteine being the most promising among them.
Implementation of the Adductor Strengthening Programme: Players primed for adoption but reluctant to maintain — A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Harøy Joar , Wiger Espen Guldahl , Bahr Roald , Andersen Thor Einar 
Published: May 2019

Groin injuries represent a considerable problem in male football, accounting for 4%‐19% of all time‐loss injuries. The Adductor Strengthening Programme is the first groin‐specific prevention program shown to reduce the risk of groin problems. We aimed to use the RE‐AIM framework to examine the players’ experiences with the implementation of the program and player attitude toward groin injury prevention in football. Of the 632 players involved in the trial examining the effect of the Adductor Strengthening Programme, 501 agreed to participate in a survey at the end of the season. Most players thought that footballers are at moderate to high risk for groin injuries (87%) and that there is a need for preventive measures (96%). They also believed that a preventive program with strengthening exercises would reduce the risk of groin injuries (91%). Majority of the players reported using <5 minutes to complete the program (73%), and only 11% wanted additional exercises. However, only 46% reported to have performed the program as recommended, and an even smaller proportion (31%) planned to continue using it as recommended the next season. Our results suggest that footballers believe that prevention of groin injuries is needed. Attitude toward implementation of the Adductor Strengthening Programme was positive, and the single‐exercise approach was considered an important facilitator. However, in future dissemination of the program, the players’ reluctance to maintain the exercise protocol may be a potential barrier to implementation that should be addressed.
Sedentary behavior in everyday life relates negatively to mood: An ambulatory assessment study
Authors: Giurgiu Marco , Koch Elena D. , Ottenbacher Jörg , Plotnikoff Ronald C. , Ebner‐Priemer Ulrich W. , Reichert Markus 
Published: May 2019

Empirical evidence shows that physical behavior positively impacts human health. Recently, researchers have started to differentiate between physical activity and sedentary behavior showing independent effects on somatic health. However, whether this differentiation is also relevant for mood dimensions is largely unknown. For investigating the dynamic relationships between sedentary behavior and mood dimensions in daily life, ambulatory assessment (AA) has become the state‐of‐the‐art methodology. To investigate whether sedentary behaviors influence mood dimensions, we conducted an AA study in the everyday life of 92 university employees over 5 days. We continuously measured sedentary behavior via accelerometers and assessed mood repeatedly 10 times each day on smartphone diaries. To optimize our sampling strategy, we used a sophisticated sedentary‐triggered algorithm. We employed multilevel modeling to analyze the within‐subject effects of sedentary behavior on mood. Sedentary time (15‐minute intervals prior to each e‐diary assessment) and sedentary bouts (30‐minute intervals of uninterrupted sedentary behavior) negatively influenced valence and energetic arousal (all Ps < 0.015). In particular, the more participants were sedentary in their everyday life, the less they felt well and energized. Exploratory analyses of the temporal course of these effects supported our findings. Sedentary behavior can be seen as a general risk factor because it impacts both somatic and mental health. Most importantly, physical activity and sedentary behavior showed independent effects on mood dimensions. Accordingly, future studies should consider the two sides of the physical behavior coin: How should physical activity be promoted? and How can sedentary behavior be reduced?
Effects of pre‐ or post‐exercise whey protein supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in older women
Authors: Nabuco Hellen C.G. , Tomeleri Crisieli M. , Fernandes Rodrigo R. , Sugihara Junior Paulo , Venturini Danielle , Barbosa Décio S. , Deminice Rafael , Sardinha Luís B. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundOxidative stress is an imbalance between antioxidant system and production of free radicals and has been associated with the age‐related deleterious changes. The defense system can be modulated by exercise and nutrition.ObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of whey protein supplementation pre‐ or post‐resistance training on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in pre‐conditioned older women.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled design, 70 older women (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: whey protein‐placebo (WP‐PLA, n = 24), placebo‐whey protein (PLA‐WP, n = 23), and placebo‐placebo (PLA‐PLA, n = 23). Each group received 35 g of whey product or placebo pre‐ and post‐training. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks (3x/week; 3x 8‐12 repetitions maximal). Oxidative stress and blood markers were assessed before and after intervention period. ANOVA for repeated measures was used for data analysis.ResultsThere was a significant time effect (P < 0.05), with all groups showing improvements in all oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activity. A significant (P < 0.001) interaction time vs group was observed for uric acid, with both WP‐PLA and PLA‐WP presenting greater reductions compared with the PLA‐PLA, without differences between the timing of protein intake (WP‐PLA: −8.3%; PLA‐WP: −11.0%; PLA‐PLA:‐2.0%).ConclusionIn already pre‐conditioned older women, whey protein supplementation reduces plasma uric acid concentration with no further effect on antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress markers. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03247192.
Multiproxy lacustrine records of post-glacial environmental change from the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA
Authors: Munroe Jeffrey S. , Laabs Benjamin J.C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Twenty-one sediment cores were obtained from 20 lakes in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. Depth-age models were developed using 14C dating, and sediments were analyzed for loss-on-ignition (LOI), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C:N), and grain size distribution. Although some of these cores have been considered individually in previous studies, here the entire set of cores is evaluated collectively to identify consistent patterns, commonalities, and trends in the post-glacial interval. All lakes accumulated substantially greater amounts of submicron-size clastic material before ca. 9.5 ka BP. This pattern is interpreted as a signal of prolonged landscape instability following deglaciation. Values of LOI and C:N exhibit a strong, positive correlation in nearly all lakes, indicating that organic matter accumulation is controlled by the influx of terrestrial material. In the six lakes exhibiting the strongest correlation, and featuring the most robust inflowing streams, median grain size and the abundance of sand increased between 10 and 6 ka BP, simultaneous with increases in LOI and C:N. This correspondence is interpreted as evidence for frequent high-intensity storms during the early Holocene, likely driven by enhanced monsoonal circulation. The early parts of five of the records contain a sharp increase in LOI. Lakes exhibiting this pattern are typically smaller and shallower, and are located in less rugged watersheds. Finally, all six cores from the western Uinta Mountains contain evidence for an environmental perturbation ca. 4.5 ka BP. Although the nature of this event is unclear, these lakes accumulated notably finer-grained sediment with less organic matter at this time. This analysis illuminates the post-glacial history of this strategically located mountain range, and underscores the value inherent in analyzing cores from multiple lakes when reconstructing paleoclimatic history.
Fifteen-minute consultation: Obvious and not-so-obvious mediastinal masses
Authors: Green Katherine , Behjati Sam , Cheng Danny 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo present a structured approach to the management of a child with a mediastinal mass presenting to the emergency department. To raise awareness of presenting features of less-obvious mediastinal masses and to encourage consideration of mediastinal masses in differential diagnoses.MethodsReview of the relevant literature and review of London Paediatric Cancer Network supportive guidelines and subsequent description of the approach to a child presenting with features suggestive of a mediastinal mass.ConclusionsA systematic approach to history taking, clinical examination and investigation of a child presenting with a mediastinal mass will assist in the safe and timely management of children presenting when they are critically unwell. Anticipation of potential management complications and early transfer for ongoing management will improve patient outcomes and minimise morbidity.
Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Winkleby Marilyn A , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the relation between preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and risk of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood.

Design
National cohort study.

Setting
Sweden.

Participants
4 186 615 singleton live births in Sweden during 1973-2014.

Exposures
Gestational age at birth, identified from nationwide birth records in the Swedish birth registry.

Main outcome measures
CKD, identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2015 (maximum age 43 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth and risk of CKD while adjusting for potential confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors.

Results
4305 (0.1%) participants had a diagnosis of CKD during 87.0 million person years of follow-up. Preterm birth and extremely preterm birth (<28 weeks) were associated with nearly twofold and threefold risks of CKD, respectively, from birth into mid-adulthood (adjusted hazard ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.74 to 2.16; P<0.001; 3.01, 1.67 to 5.45; P<0.001). An increased risk was observed even among those born at early term (37-38 weeks) (1.30, 1.20 to 1.40; P<0.001). The association between preterm birth and CKD was strongest at ages 0-9 years (5.09, 4.11 to 6.31; P<0.001), then weakened but remained increased at ages 10-19 years (1.97, 1.57 to 2.49; P<0.001) and 20-43 years (1.34, 1.15 to 1.57; P<0.001). These associations affected both males and females and did not seem to be related to shared genetic or environmental factors in families.

Conclusions
Preterm and early term birth are strong risk factors for the development of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. People born prematurely need long term follow-up for monitoring and preventive actions to preserve renal function across the life course.
‘Just another vial…’: a qualitative study to explore the acceptability and feasibility of routine blood-borne virus testing in an emergency department setting in the UK
Authors: Cullen Lucy , Grenfell Pippa , Rodger Alison , Orkin Chloe , Mandal Sema , Rhodes Tim 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesIncreased test uptake for HIV and viral hepatitis is fast becoming a health priority at both national and global levels. Late diagnosis of these infections remains a critical public health concern in the UK. Recommendations have been issued to expand blood-borne virus (BBV) testing in alternative settings. Emergency departments (EDs) offer a potentially important point of testing. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study which aimed to explore the acceptability and feasibility of a routine opt-out combined BBV testing intervention implemented at an inner London ED.MethodsWe conducted 22 semistructured interviews with patients and service providers in the ED over a 4-month period during the intervention pilot. A grounded analytical approach was employed to conduct thematic analysis of qualitative study data.ResultsCore interrelating thematic areas, identified and analytically developed in relation to test intervention implementation and experience, included the following: the remaking of routine test procedure; notions of responsibility in relation to status knowledge and test engagement; the opportunity and constraints of the ED as a site for testing; and the renegotiation of testing cultures within and beyond the clinic space.ConclusionStudy findings demonstrate how relational and spatial dynamics specific to the ED setting shape test meaning and engagement. We found acceptability of the test practice was articulated through narratives of situated responsibility, with the value of the test offset by perceptions of health need and justification of the test expense. Participant accounts indicate that the nontargeted approach of the test affords a productive disruption to ‘at-risk’ identities, yet they also reveal limits to the test intervention’s ‘normalising’ effect. Evaluation of the intervention must attend to the situated dynamics of the test practice if opportunities of an opt-out BBV test procedure are to be fully realised. Findings also highlight the critical need to further evaluate post-test intervention practices and experiences.
Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for pathologic perforator veins in chronic venous disease
Authors: de Moraes Silva Melissa Andreia , Flumignan Ronald Luiz Gomes , Miranda Fausto , Cardoso Rodolfo Souza , Silva Seleno Glauber de Jesus , Guedes Henrique Jorge , Nakano Luis Carlos Uta 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionPerforator veins (PVs) play an important role in the development of chronic venous insufficiency and ulceration. Procedures to eliminate incompetence and reflux in PV may include open surgery, subfascial endoscopic surgery, intravenous ablation techniques and sclerotherapy. With the aim of filling the evidence gap, this is a protocol for a systematic review that will assess the effects of any form of intervention for the treatment of pathologic PVs of the lower limbs in patients with chronic venous disease.Methods and analysisSystematic searches will be carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, IBECS and LILACS databases at a minimum without date or language restrictions for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (trials in which the method of allocation is not truly random). In addition, a search will also be carried out in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, in the clinical trial registries of ClinicalTrials.gov and in the grey literature source OpenGrey.eu. The RCT and quasi-RCT comparison techniques isolated or in combination for treating PVs will be considered. Three review authors will independently perform data extraction and quality assessments of data from included studies, and any disagreements will be resolved by discussion. The primary outcomes will be wound healing and pain. Secondary outcomes will include oedema, adverse events, recurrence or recanalisation, quality of life and economic aspects. The Cochrane handbook will be used for guidance. If the results are not appropriate for a meta-analysis in RevManV.5 software (eg, if the data have considerable heterogeneity and are drawn from different comparisons), a descriptive analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval is not necessary. We intend to update the public registry used in this review, report any important protocol amendments and publish the results in a widely accessible journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018092974
Do pregnant women living in higher well-being populations in the USA experience lower risk of preterm delivery? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Riley Carley , Roy Brita , Herrin Jeph , Spatz Erica , Silvestri Mark T , Arora Anita , Kell Kenneth P , Rula Elizabeth Y , Krumholz Harlan M 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo determine if preterm birth, defined as gestational age <37 weeks, is lower for women living in counties with higher well-being, after accounting for known individual risk factors.DesignCross-sectional study of all US births in 2011.ParticipantsWe obtained birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics which included 3 938 985 individuals.Main outcomes measuresPrimary outcome measure was maternal risk of preterm delivery by county; primary independent variable was county-level well-being as measured by the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (WBI).ResultsWomen living in counties with higher population well-being had a lower rate of preterm delivery. The rate of preterm birth in counties in the lowest WBI quintile was 13.1%, while the rate of preterm birth in counties in the highest WBI quintile was 10.9%. In the model adjusted for maternal risk factors (age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, smoking status, timing of initiation of prenatal visits, multiparity, maternal insurance payer), the association was slightly attenuated with an absolute difference of 1.9% (95% CI 1.7% to 2.1%; p<0.001).ConclusionsPregnant women who live in areas with higher population well-being have lower risk of preterm birth, even after accounting for individual risk factors.
Salt content of instant noodles in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tan Chun Han , Chow Zhen Yee , Ching Siew Mooi , Devaraj Navin Kumar , He Feng J , MacGregor Graham A , Chia Yook Chin 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the salt content in instant noodles sold in Malaysia.Study designA cross-sectional survey was done involving 707 different flavours and packaging of instant noodles sold in six hypermarkets and retailer chains in Malaysia and the corresponding brand’s official websites in 2017.MethodsThe salt content (gram per serving and per 100 g) was collected from the product packaging and corresponding brand’s official website.ResultsOf the 707 different packaging and flavours of instant noodles, only 62.1% (n=439) provided the salt content in their food label.The mean (±SD) salt per 100 g of instant noodles was 4.3±1.5 g and is nearly four times higher than the salt content of food classified in Malaysia as a high salt content (>1.2 g salt per 100 g). The salt content for instant noodle per packaging ranged from 0.7 to 8.5 g. 61.7% of the instant noodles exceeded the Pacific Salt Reduction Target, 11.8% exceeded the WHO recommended daily salt intake of <5.0 per day and 5.50% exceeded Malaysia Salt Action Target. 98% of instant noodles will be considered as high salt food according to the Malaysia Guidelines.The probability of the instant noodles without mixed flavour (n=324) exceeding the Pacific Salt Reduction Target was tested on univariate and multivariate analysis. Instant noodles with soup, Tom Yam flavour, pork flavour and other flavours were found to be predictors of instant noodles with the tendency to exceed Pacific Salt Reduction Target when compared with instant noodles without mixed flavours (p<0.05).ConclusionOnly 62% of instant noodles displayed the salt content on their food label. Salt content in instant noodles is very high, with 90% exceeding the daily salt intake recommended by WHO. Prompt action from regulatory and health authorities is needed to reduce the salt content in instant noodles.