bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF THE STATE LANGUAGE IN THE ETHNIC PRESS: CRIMEAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Yablonovskaya N. V. 
Published: December 2018

The article studies the functioning of the Crimean ethnic press from the end of XIX century to the beginning of the XXI century in the linguistic aspect, in particular, the role of the Russian language in Crimean ethnic publications of the past and the present is studied. Based on the analysis, the author draws conclusions about the main opportunities for using the state language in the ethnic press. The author believes that the ethnic press, which represents the interests of its ethnos and speaks on its behalf, should be extremely interested in giving information about the life of its people, its history, traditions, problems for as wide a range of readers as possible. And for this task, the ethnic press actively uses both state and languages of interethnic communication. This happened in Crimea, where, from the very moment of its appearance in January 1860, the ethnic press began to turn to the Russian language, striving to be as effective as possible in solving the problems of the represented ethnic groups and in promoting their achievements. According to the author, the Russian language in ethnic publications of the Crimea is non-alternative for editions of ethnic groups who have lost their native language; gives an opportunity to expand the audience for editions of ethnic groups, not all representatives of which have a sufficient command of their native language; promotes the increase of the audience at the expense of representatives of other peoples interested in this or that cultural-national autonomy, while promoting intercultural dialogue and a tolerant approach to solving confessional and national problems; helps the representation of a certain ethnos at the national and international levels.
WARTIME CHILDHOOD OF SIBERIANS IN RUSSIAN HISTORICAL RESEARCHES
Authors: Ochirova V. N. 
Published: December 2018

The article deals with Russian historical researches of XX–XXI centuries that illustrated children’s everyday life behind the lines during World War II. There has recently been a surge of interest to the events of 1941–1945 among Russian historians and the general public, hence the significant amount of papers devoted to everyday life in wartime. Studies in wartime childhood are of great interest due to the fact that childhood of millions of children coincided with the war time. They worked as hard as adults to compensate for the lack of human resources in all spheres of national economy. As a result, most of the analyzed papers were devoted to various aspects of child labour issues. Other topics included school life, living conditions, and leisure time of young Siberians.
EVOLUTION OF THE COERCIVE STRATEGY AIMED AT WORKERS OF THE SIBERIAN DEFENSE INDUSTRY IN THE LATE 1930S – EARLY 1940S
Authors: Romanov R. E. 
Published: December 2018

The study features the origins and development of the coercive component of the system of social and labor relations in the defense industry of the pre-war Siberia. Its goal is to identify the prerequisites and causes, the general trends and specifics of this strengthening, the essence of which was in the qualitative transformation of the personnel incentive strategy "The lower the discipline – the higher the punishment". The methodological basis of the research is the author's version of the concept defined by American historians and sociologists Ch. and K. Tilly about the three universal factors of labor motivation (reward, motivation, and coercion). According to their theory, such a strategy acted as a coercive mechanism that was enacted with the help of material, moral, disciplinary (ordinary), and criminal (extraordinary) sanctions. The methodology shows the evolution of the scope of punishment in the Siberian military industry in the period from December 28, 1938 to June 21, 1941. At the first stage (December 28, 1938 – June 25, 1940), the Soviet state made an unsuccessful attempt to adapt the ordinary practices of compulsory strategy to the policy of militarization of the economy, which resulted in an increase in the proportion of dismissed truants in the general turnover of workers. At the second stage (June 26, 1940 – June 21, 1941), the government relied on a combination of ordinary and extraordinary practices, which made it possible to reduce such disciplinary offenses as truancy and unauthorized leave. However, in Siberia this effect was less tangible due to the fact that the regional defense industry was at the stage of initial deployment, which was carried out mainly by the working youth, who had not yet acquired the norms of industrial labor culture.
NEW IMAGES OF TASHTYKS ON THE ROCKS OF TEPSEY
Authors: Sovetova O. S. , Shishkina O. O. 
Published: December 2018

A lot of new rock art images of Tashtyk epoch have been discovered on the Yenisei recently, engravings being the most informative of them. The paper presents some new materials that may deepen the understanding of the Tashtyk culture. Some of the examples some are unique. The most interesting engravings are the anthropomorphic images of Tashtyk warriors (hunters?) found all over mount Tepsei. The petroglyphs make it possible to reconstruct the appearance of the people who inhabited the Minusinsk basin for they depict headware, hairstyle, and various elements of clothes. The images have direct analogies with the figures of warriors on the wooden plaques discovered in one of the Tashtyk burials on Tepsey, which allowed scientists to identify the ethnicity of some of the depicted characters. The Tepsey pictorial materials, including rock images, add to the understanding of the Tashtyk people’s appearance: in those unique images we can clearly see them wearing short trousers as well as some new kinds of headwear, which may be the evidence of the previous Tesin tradition and, probably, the Hunnu influence.
THE PENITENTIARY FUNCTION OF MONASTERIES IN THE YENISEI PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES
Authors: Fedorov I. G. , Terskova A. A. 
Published: December 2018

The research features the prison practice in the monasteries of the Yenisei diocese in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries. The research objective was to study the composition of the prison population in the Orthodox monasteries of the Yenisei diocese and the legal rules governing the status of the epitimizes in the mansions of the region. The work uses the comparative historical method and critical analysis of historical sources, which made it possible to specify the number of those under penance (epitimia) in the monasteries of the diocese, the conditions of their detention, and to highlight the main features of the prison work of the monasteries. The analysis revealed that the penal role of the monasteries had decreased by the beginning of XX century. Eventually, the monasteries of the Yenisei diocese were relieved of this function, which corresponded with the national trends.
Disinfection by-products in desalinated and blend water: formation and control strategy
Authors: Chowdhury Shakhawat 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Desalinated seawater is the major source of drinking water in many countries. During desalination, several activities including pretreatment, desalination, stabilization, mixing, storage and distribution are performed. Few disinfectants are used during these activities to control the biofouling agents and microbiological regrowth. The reactions between the disinfectants and natural organic matter (NOM), bromide and iodide form disinfection by-products (DBPs) in product water. The product water is stabilized and mixed with treated freshwater (e.g., groundwater) to meet the domestic water demands. The DBPs in desalinated and blend water are an issue due to their possible cancer and non-cancer risks to humans. In this paper, formation and distribution of DBPs in different steps of desalination and water distribution systems prior to reaching the consumer tap were reviewed. The variability of DBPs among different sources and desalination processes was explained. The toxicities of DBPs were compared and the strategies to control DBPs in desalinated water were proposed. Several research directions were identified to achieve comprehensive control on DBPs in desalinated water, which are likely to protect humans from the adverse consequences of DBPs.
Climate change adaptation: a pragmatic approach for assessing vulnerability
Authors: Carvalho M. , Martins B. , Coelho J. P. , Brôco N. , Ribeiro A. K. , Magalhães A. , Luís A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The impacts of climate change on society are becoming increasingly evident. The water sector is sensitive to variations in climatic patterns as it is expected that major changes in flows will occur, along with increased risks of water quality degradation and flooding. According to published climate scenarios the Mediterranean area will become dryer. As a leading group operating in the water sector in Portugal, AdP decided to develop a strategic plan for climate change adaptation with the aim of establishing a strategy for reducing business vulnerability and increasing systems resilience. In developing the plan, a pragmatic method was adopted for characterizing current vulnerabilities. This was founded on the bottom-up approach and supported with past events data, including evaluating their impacts, and the adaptive capacity of systems and utilities to climate extremes. In water supply, the effects of more severe and frequent extreme events are being felt with respect to water quality and availability, representing as much as 80% of the events studied, whereas, in terms of sanitation, floods account for about 90% of events identified. Globally, 78% and 21% of the measures adopted in water supply and wastewater management, respectively, were effective.
Preparation and characterization of a new sawdust/MNP/PEI nanocomposite and its applications for removing Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Ghasemi Avat , Sohrabi Mahmoud Reza , Motiee Fereshteh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A new sawdust/magnetite nanoparticles/polyethyleneimine (SD/MNP/PEI) nanocomposite was synthesized by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) to magnetic sawdust. Features of SD/MNP/PEI were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SD/MNP/PEI was used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead (Pb (II)) from aqueous solution. The effects of independent variables including pH of solution, adsorbent dose and contact time were performed and adsorption isotherms were obtained. Experimental results show that priority effective variables were pH and the amount of nanocomposite, and it was found that the sorption capacity increases with the increasing phase contact time. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Although SD and SD/MNP do not show a high affinity for the adsorption of Pb (II) in aqueous media, polyethyleneimine cross-linked on SD/MNP showed 40 and 66% increases, respectively, in the adsorption of Pb (II) compared to the SD and SD/MNP. It was found that SD/MNP/PEI removes more efficiently lead ions from aqueous solutions than the SD, SD/MNP. Desorption of the lead from the SD/MNP/PEI was conducted. It was proved that SD/MNP/PEI has excellent properties and can be used as a sorbent of multi-use.
Automatic Characterizations of Lumbar Multifidus Muscle and Intramuscular Fat with Fuzzy C-means based Quantization from Ultrasound Images
Authors: Kim Kwang Baek , Park Hyun Jun , Song Doo Heon 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a common disorder involving the muscles and
bones and about half of the people experience LBP at some point of their lives. Since the social
economic cost and the recurrence rate over the lifetime is very high, the treatment/rehabilitation of
chronic LBP is important to physiotherapists, both for clinical and research purposes. Trunk muscles
such as the lumbar multifidi is important in spinal functions and intramuscular fat is also important
in understanding pain control and rehabilitations. However, the analysis of such muscles
and related fat require many human interventions and thus suffers from the operator subjectivity
especially when the ultrasonography is used due to its cost-effectiveness and no radioactive risk.
Aims: In this paper, we propose a fully automatic computer vision based software to compute the
thickness of the lumbar multifidi muscles and to analyze intramuscular fat distribution in that area.

Aim:
In this paper, we propose a fully automatic computer vision based software to compute the
thickness of the lumbar multifidi muscles and to analyze intramuscular fat distribution in that area.

Methods:
The proposed system applies various image processing algorithms to enhance the intensity
contrast of the image and measure the thickness of the target muscle. Intermuscular fat analysis
is done by Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering based quantization.

Results:
In experiment using 50 DICOM format ultrasound images from 50 subjects, the proposed
system shows very promising result in computing the thickness of lumbar multifidi.

Conclusion:
The proposed system have minimal discrepancy(less than 0.2 cm) from human expert
for 72% (36 out of 50 cases) of the given data. Also, FCM based intramuscular fat analysis looks
better than conventional histogram analysis.
3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-Tetrazine Assayed at High Doses in the Metastatic Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231 Reduces Cell Numbers and Induces Apoptosis
Authors: Abdelkarim Mohamed , Ben Younes Khaoula , Limam Ines , Guermazi Refka , ElGaaied Amel Ben Ammaar , Aissa-Fennira Fatma Ben 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The lack of treatment options for patients with chemotherapy-resistant cancers
is pushing the field toward the development of new therapies. 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivatives are a class of
heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of antitumor activities.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess the biological activity of four s-tetrazine derivatives
by substitution of two chloride atom of 3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine with long hydrophobic side
chains.

Methods:
We analyzed the anti-proliferative effects of four s-tetrazine derivatives with MTT assay and
their pro-apoptotic effect with AV/ IP flow cytometry analysis and Hoechst 33342 staining.

Results:
We demonstrated that 3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (compound (1)) has a cytotoxic effect and
induces apoptosis.

Conclusion:
3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine presents a new cytotoxic drug against metastatic breast cancer
cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro.
Microfluidics as an Emerging Platform for Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): A Review
Authors: Hassan Sammer-ul , Zhang Xunli 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes become resistant to
antibiotics causing complications and limited treatment options. AMR is more significant where antibiotics
use is excessive or abusive and the strains of bacteria become resistant to antibiotic treatments.
Current technologies for bacteria and its resistant strains identification and antimicrobial susceptibility
testing (AST) are mostly central-lab based in hospitals, which normally take days to
weeks to get results. These tools and procedures are expensive, laborious and skills based. There is
an ever-increasing demand for developing point-of-care (POC) diagnostics tools for rapid and near
patient AMR testing. Microfluidics, an important and fundamental technique to develop POC devices,
has been utilized to tackle AMR in healthcare. This review mainly focuses on the current development
in the field of microfluidics for rapid AMR testing.

Method:
Due to the limitations of conventional AMR techniques, microfluidic-based platforms have
been developed for better understandings of bacterial resistance, smart AST and minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) testing tools and development of new drugs. This review aims to summarize the
recent development of AST and MIC testing tools in different formats of microfluidics technology.

Results:
Various microfluidics devices have been developed to combat AMR. Miniaturization and
integration of different tools has been attempted to produce handheld or standalone devices for rapid
AMR testing using different formats of microfluidics technology such as active microfluidics, droplet
microfluidics, paper microfluidics and capillary-driven microfluidics.

Conclusion:
Current conventional AMR detection technologies provide time-consuming, costly,
labor-intensive and central lab-based solutions, limiting their applications. Microfluidics has been
developed for decades and the technology has emerged as a powerful tool for POC diagnostics of antimicrobial
resistance in healthcare providing, simple, robust, cost-effective and portable diagnostics.
The success has been reported in research articles; however, the potential of microfluidics technology
in tackling AMR has not been fully achieved in clinical settings.
Validated Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Method for the Quantification of Duloxetine and its Two Main Metabolites in Plasma: Application to Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies
Authors: Al-Shalabi Raniah , Hefnawy Mohamed , Alrabiah Haitham , Al-Johar Haya , Mohammed Mostafa , Alanazi Mohammed , Almehizia Abdulrahman , Abounassif Mohammed , Jardan Yousef Bin 
Published: December 2018

Background:Duloxetine (DL) is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. The drug is used in the treatment of major depression, anxiety, pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and stress urinary incontinence. </P><P> Objective: This study described, for the first time, the development and validation of a highly selective and sensitive microemulsion liquid chromatography-fluorescence (MELC-FL) method with low environmental pollution and without extraction steps for the simultaneous quantification of DL, and its two main metabolites; 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy duloxetine (5-HDL) and 4-hydroxy duloxetine glucuronide (4- HDLG) in plasma.Methods:The studied analytes and methyl paraben (an internal standard) were detected using excitation and emission wavelengths of 280 and 340 nm, respectively. The analysis was performed on Water Symmetry C18 analytical column (100 Å, 150 mm x 3.9 mm, 5 µm) by directly injecting the plasma after appropriate dilution with microemulsion mobile phase. Total analytical run time was 4 min.Results:The MELC-FL method was statistically validated according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical methods for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, and stability. Linear calibration plots were achieved in the ranges of 25-1200 ng/mL for DL and 50-1500 ng/mL for 5-HDL and 4- HDLG (r2 ≥ 0.997) in rat plasma. The intra- and inter- assay precisions and accuracy were acceptable. The overall recoveries of DL and its two main metabolites from rat plasma were between 97.12% and 103.12% with an RSD value between 0.34% and 4.57%.Conclusion:The present study supports the possible use of the microemulsion mobile phase in LC as a “greener ” mobile phase. The developed method offered an advantage in the form of direct analysis of biological samples after appropriate dilution with eco-friendly microemulsion mobile phase, which decreased the possibility of sample loss during analysis. The developed assay was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study and it established the applicability of the method for the determination of concentration-time profiles of DL and its two main metabolites in rat plasma after systemic administration.
Association Between the Blue Color Intensity of the Skin with Growth Performance and Skin Spottiness in a Blue-Colored Strain of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Colihueque Nelson , Estay Francisco J. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Blue-colored phenotypes have the potential to enhance the external appearance of rainbow trout for marketing due to their attractive skin coloration. However, further analyses are necessary to assess their overall performance for fish farming purposes.

Objective:
To investigate a blue-colored strain of rainbow trout in order to determine whether growth performance and spotting variation of the skin, either in number or size, are related to Blue Color Intensity on the back skin (BCI).

Method:
A correlation analysis and comparisons among trout separated into Low- and High-BCI categories were carried out in three blue-colored groups of rainbow trout.

Results:
In all groups, BCI was significantly and positively related to body weight (0.01 < P < 0.05). There was a significant and negative association between BCI and the number of dark spots in one group (P < 0.001), whereas no significant association was observed among BCI and dark spot size in any of the groups (P > 0.05). In one group, a significantly higher body weight (P < 0.05) was observed in the High-BCI (BCI ≥ 50%) than in the Low-BCI (BCI < 50%) category. The same pattern was observed in two groups (P < 0.05) when the lowest (1st) and highest (4th) quartiles of BCI were compared. In one group, number of dark spots was significantly lower in the High-BCI (≥ 50% and 4th quartile) than in the Low-BCI (< 50% and 1st quartile) category (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Dark spot size presented no significant differences among BCI categories (P > 0.05) in any of the groups.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that trout with more intensely blue colored skin has better growth performance and relatively less spotted skin than less intensely blue-colored specimens. These characteristics may represent an interesting advantage for using this class of trout in intensive fish farming.
Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Evaluation of Cu(II) and Zn(II) Tannates
Authors: Costa Gessyca G. , Brito Camila C.S.M. , Terezo Ailton J. , Cardoso Adriana P. , Ionashiro Elias Y. , B. de Siqueira Adriano 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
The interest in the antioxidant materials increased due to their free radical scavenging properties avoiding various pathologies. Tannic Acid (TA) is known to have high free radical scavenging activity, but its application is still limited.
This paper had the objective of synthesis, characterization and evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of TA associated with Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions, in a buffered aqueous medium.

Methods and Materials:
Techniques of FTIR, simultaneous TG-DSC characterized the obtained compounds, and the evaluation of free radical scavenging activity was made using 2,2–diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The FTIR analysis of the compounds showed significant displacement of the main bands in the TA spectrum (νC=O, δO-H, σO-H), suggesting an association of metal ions with the oxygen of the hydroxyl group of TA. TG-DSC curves showed information about the thermal stability, stoichiometry, hydration water, and residues formation.

Results and Conclusion:
The TA association with the metal ions Cu(II) and Zn(II) decreased the antioxidant activity of the molecule significantly, showing that these compounds could be potentially used as pro-oxidant agents.