bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociedades cooperativas de trabajo asociado versus sociedades de capital. Análisis comparado de fortaleza financiera y rentabilidad en el País Vasco
Authors: Zubiaurre Miguel Ángel , Andicoechea Lorea , Saitua Ainhoa 
Published: July 2019

Tradicionalmente, los agentes económicos de la economía social y, en particular las cooperativas, se habían mostrado más resistente en entornos de crisis, generando mejores resultados en términos de mantenimiento de empleo. El estallido del caso Fagor Electrodomésticos ha supuesto un estímulo que ha extendido la necesidad de revisar algunos de los parámetros del modelo cooperativo.
En este sentido, el trabajo realiza un análisis comparado de la estructura financiera, la solvencia, la rentabilidad y la capacidad de generar riqueza de las sociedades cooperativas respecto a las sociedades de capital. Según los resultados del trabajo entre las empresas industriales de más de 50 empleados del País Vasco, las cooperativas ofrecen indicadores similares o superiores a las sociedades anónimas y limitadas. Por tanto, el cooperativismo industrial vasco presenta datos positivos que muestran su capacidad de mantenerse como una fuente de generación de riqueza y empleo.
Factores clave de una central de compras cooperativa. Análisis comparativo de dos experiencias
Authors: Boccatonda Carmen , Banchieri Lucia-Clara , Campa-Planas Fernando 
Published: July 2019

El entorno competitivo y dinámico ha obligado a las empresas a buscar la excelencia operativa y la mayor eficiencia para sobrevivir, no estando las empresas cooperativas exentas de dicha búsqueda. Una de las herramientas de que dispone este tipo de organizaciones es unirse formando una central de compras que les permita acceder a menores costes como consecuencia del mayor volumen.El objetivo del presente trabajo es averiguar los factores clave para el buen funcionamiento de una central de compras cooperativa y, asimismo, realizar un análisis comparativo entre la central de compras de la Federación Argentina de Cooperativas de Consumo (en adelante, CCFACC), una incipiente central de compras cooperativa argentina, y la Coop Italia, un modelo con amplia trayectoria en el mercado, con resultados comprobados y con proyecciones de mayor crecimiento.La metodología utilizada es el estudio de caso múltiple cruzado, en donde el muestreo consiste en dos casos específicos que son escogidos por ser reveladores y ejemplos extremos. Dicho análisis presenta interés dado que, aunque cada uno de éstos se ubica en contextos y continentes diferentes, siguen compartiendo el compromiso por los valores y principios cooperativos.
Crisis’ consequences on recapitalization and exposure for Cypriot and Greek cooperative banks
Authors: Karafolas Simeon , Kleanthous Akis 
Published: July 2019

The financial crisis of 2008 transformed, in some countries, to economic and social one, created serious problems to the banking system. Capital basis and asset exposures, especially through the non-performing loans, have been the most important. Capital inadequacy caused the failure of banks that didn’t succeed to accomplish the capital requirements set by Basel II obligations.The treatment was not the same for all banks as only those considered as significant banks, for the economy, received capital aid from their state. The paper investigates through capital basis requirements and asset exposures the crisis’ consequences on Cyprus and Greek cooperative banks. The consequences were cataclysmic for the cooperative banking systems of the two countries. In Greece, the cooperative banks did not receive any state aid, leading to the bankruptcy of many of them. In Cyprus, once all the cooperative banks were merged into the central cooperative bank, the latter received state aid as it was considered as a significant bank for the national economy. Moreover, the high level of non-performing loans and the new economic environment that the crisis had caused, forced the cooperative banks to change their asset exposures structure and their credit policy.
HIV-2 Treatment in Mali and Drug Resistance Antiretroviral Profile
Authors: Oumar Aboubacar Alassane , Katile Drissa , Guindo Ibrehima , Sidibe Younoussa , Tulkens Paul M. , Dao Sounkalo , Ruelle Jean , Mukadi-Kabamba Benoit 
Published: July 2019

Aims: We evaluated different treatment regimens administered to patients infected with HIV-2 in Mali, and studied pol polymorphisms that may influence susceptibility to antiretrovirals.
Methodology: We collected 57 blood samples from HIV - 2 seropositive patients in health centers in Mali (Bamako, Segou and Sikasso), including 21 treated patients and 36 untreated patients. The confirmation of the serological status and the measurement of the viral load were carried out in Brussels. Genotypic analysis of protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase was then performed on specimens with detectable viral load. The search for ARV resistance mutations and polymorphism positions was performed in comparison with reference sequences.
Results: The most used treatment regimen was ZDV-3TC-LPV/ r. Genotypic analysis of protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase was performed on 20 samples from patients with detectable viral load: 16 untreated patients and 4 treated patients. Seventy-five percent of the strains analyzed correspond to group A of HIV-2. In 2cas, mutations associated with resistance to the administered molecules were found. Three viral strains from untreated patients had NRTI or PI resistance mutations. In integrase, no mutation associated with resistance was observed.
Conclusion: The circulation of strains carrying resistance mutations to NRTIs and PIs has been observed in Mali.
Antimicrobial Activities of Different Soaps on Selected Human Skin Pathogens
Authors: Teniola Olakunle D. , Folounsho Veronica Temitayo , Ogunlusi Pelumi S. , Aderounmu Ayomikun E. , Omemu Adebukunola M. 
Published: July 2019

Aims: To evaluate the antimicrobial activities of various branded soaps against selected microbes present on the normal and infected skin.
Study Design: Experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological sciences (Ondo State University of Science and Technology) between April 2017 and October 2017.
Methodology: The identities of the reference organisms used were confirmed using standard microbiological techniques. A total of 10 soaps were assayed for their antimicrobial properties. Of these, three were medicated soaps, two laundry soaps, two beauty soaps, two toilet soaps and one black soap (traditionally made). Statistical analysis for zones of inhibition revealed variability of antimicrobial activity among different categories of the soaps.
Results: Soaps within the same categories showed positive correlation. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible microbe with a zone of inhibition of 26.0±0.88 mm while Candida albicans was the least susceptible with a zone of inhibition of 9.0±0.67 mm. Averagely, Sample A3 exhibited the least zone of inhibition (13.0±1.70) mm. The results showed that majority of antimicrobial soaps have antibacterial activity though lack antifungal effect. Sample X1 (traditional black soap) and A3 are the only effective antifungal agents used. The study also revealed physical changes occur in the microbial structure of the test microorganisms.
Conclusion: This study has revealed that black soaps and medicated soaps are better antimicrobial agents than beauty soaps. Hence, it justifies the use of medicated soaps for control of skin related infections. However, better promotion is required for traditional black soap in order to maximize its antimicrobial potentials.
Shape‐Assisted 2D MOF/Graphene Derived Hybrids as Exceptional Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Dubal Deepak P. , Schneemann Andreas , Ranc Václav , Perez‐Reyes Cecilia , Stráská Jana , Kment Štěpán , Otyepka Michal , Fischer Roland A. , Zbořil Radek 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, a novel polymer‐templated strategy is described to obtain 2D nickel‐based MOF nanosheets using Ni(OH)2, squaric acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), where PVP has a dual role as a structure‐directing agent, as well as preventing agglomeration of the MOF nanosheets. Furthermore, a scalable method is developed to transform the 2D MOF sheets to Ni7S6/graphene nanosheet (GNS) heterobilayers by in situ sulfidation using thiourea as a sulfur source. The Ni7S6/GNS composite shows an excellent reversible capacity of 1010 mAh g−1 at 0.12 A g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 98% capacity retention. The electrochemical performance of the Ni7S6/GNS composite is superior not only to nickel sulfide/graphene‐based composites but also to other metal disulfide–based composite electrodes. Moreover, the Ni7S6/GNS anode exhibits excellent cycle stability (≈95% capacity retention after 2000 cycles). This outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of Ni7S6 and GNS, where GNS serves as a conducting matrix to support Ni7S6 nanosheets while Ni7S6 prevents restacking of GNS. This work opens up new opportunities in the design of novel functional heterostructures by hybridizing 2D MOF nanosheets with other 2D nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage/conversion applications.
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Enzyme Immobilization on Cellulose Fibers: Reusable Biocatalytic Systems for Cascade Reactions
Authors: Goldhahn Christian , Burgert Ingo , Chanana Munish 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnzymatic biocatalysis has the potential to enable greener and more efficient synthesis routes for the chemical industry. However, enzymes are hard to remove and recover from the reaction solution due to the homogeneous nature of biocatalysis. Hence, enzymes are often limited to single‐use applications. This work shows the immobilization of enzymes based on nanoparticle‐mediated robust physisorption on natural cellulose fibers. The resulting hybrid material is able to perform heterogeneous biocatalysis. The catalytic activity and the multifold reusability of immobilized enzyme are exemplarily investigated for the enzyme laccase. The kinetic parameters of immobilized laccase are determined and compared to the ones of free laccase. Furthermore, relative activities are evaluated in dependence of pH and temperature, and compared to the ones of free enzyme. The heterogeneous biocatalyst is easy to handle and can be quickly and completely removed from the reaction solution due to its macroscopic nature. The potential of multifold reusability of the catalyst is shown for 20 cycles with remaining activities of 45% after 10 and 24% after 20 reaction cycles. The approach may allow for sophisticated enzymatic cascade reaction systems in a simple flow‐through device as exemplarily shown for the immobilized enzymes glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase.
The Impacts of Adhesion on the Wear Property of Graphene
Authors: Zhao Shuji , Zhang Zhihong , Wu Zhanghui , Liu Kaihui , Zheng Quanshui , Ma Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdhesion plays an important role in the antiwear property of graphene layer on a substrate. Here the wear property of the inner region of monolayer graphene grown on copper foils via chemical vapor deposition is studied. The adhesive strength is controlled by changing the oxidation of the copper substrate into two oxidation degrees with intact graphene preserved. For graphene layers on copper substrates with either low oxidation degree (LOD) or high oxidation degree (HOD), it is found in both systems wear starts at the wrinkle position under similar normal force. However, with the development of wear, for the LOD substrate the covering graphene layer is worn out gradually, while for the HOD substrate the graphene layer is peeled off rapidly. By measuring the adhesion between graphene and substrates indirectly, together with finite element analysis, it is shown that the underlying mechanism for the different wear phenomena is due to the higher adhesion between graphene and LOD substrates than that between graphene and HOD substrates. This study provides insights on the impacts of adhesion between monolayer material and substrates on the antiwear properties, which can benefit the design of lubrication coatings based on layered materials.
Targeting Antitumoral Proteins to Breast Cancer by Local Administration of Functional Inclusion Bodies
Authors: Pesarrodona Mireia , Jauset Toni , Díaz‐Riascos Zamira V. , Sánchez‐Chardi Alejandro , Beaulieu Marie‐Eve , Seras‐Franzoso Joaquin , Sánchez‐García Laura , Baltà‐Foix Ricardo , Mancilla Sandra , Fernández Yolanda , Rinas Ursula , Schwartz Simó , Soucek Laura , Villaverde Antonio , Abasolo Ibane , Vázquez Esther 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo structurally and functionally unrelated proteins, namely Omomyc and p31, are engineered as CD44‐targeted inclusion bodies produced in recombinant bacteria. In this unusual particulate form, both types of protein materials selectively penetrate and kill CD44+ tumor cells in culture, and upon local administration, promote destruction of tumoral tissue in orthotropic mouse models of human breast cancer. These findings support the concept of bacterial inclusion bodies as versatile protein materials suitable for application in chronic diseases that, like cancer, can benefit from a local slow release of therapeutic proteins.
All‐in‐One, Wireless, Stretchable Hybrid Electronics for Smart, Connected, and Ambulatory Physiological Monitoring
Authors: Kim Yun‐Soung , Mahmood Musa , Lee Yongkuk , Kim Nam Kyun , Kwon Shinjae , Herbert Robert , Kim Donghyun , Cho Hee Cheol , Yeo Woon‐Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCommercially available health monitors rely on rigid electronic housing coupled with aggressive adhesives and conductive gels, causing discomfort and inducing skin damage. Also, research‐level skin‐wearable devices, while excelling in some aspects, fall short as concept‐only presentations due to the fundamental challenges of active wireless communication and integration as a single device platform. Here, an all‐in‐one, wireless, stretchable hybrid electronics with key capabilities for real‐time physiological monitoring, automatic detection of signal abnormality via deep‐learning, and a long‐range wireless connectivity (up to 15 m) is introduced. The strategic integration of thin‐film electronic layers with hyperelastic elastomers allows the overall device to adhere and deform naturally with the human body while maintaining the functionalities of the on‐board electronics. The stretchable electrodes with optimized structures for intimate skin contact are capable of generating clinical‐grade electrocardiograms and accurate analysis of heart and respiratory rates while the motion sensor assesses physical activities. Implementation of convolutional neural networks for real‐time physiological classifications demonstrates the feasibility of multifaceted analysis with a high clinical relevance. Finally, in vivo demonstrations with animals and human subjects in various scenarios reveal the versatility of the device as both a health monitor and a viable research tool.
Gate‐Tunable Electrical Transport in Thin 2M‐WS2 Flakes
Authors: Che Xiangli , Deng Yujun , Fang Yuqiang , Pan Jie , Yu Yijun , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectrolyte gating has been employed as an effective way to modulate the electronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by carrier doping over a wide range. Here, the carrier density of a new metastable phase of TMD material 2M‐WS2 is controlled by electrolyte gating to achieve reversible transitions between the superconducting state, metallic state, and insulating state. Pristine 2M‐WS2 has a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 8.9 K with a hole‐type carrier density of 9.05 × 1021 cm−3 at 100 K. A gate voltage (Vg) is applied between the sample and a side gate, which are both immersed in a droplet of gel‐like Li‐ion electrolyte (LiClO4 dissolved in polyethylene oxide matrix). When Vg = −3.5 V, the sample is in its pristine superconducting phase. With increasing Vg, the lithium ions gradually intercalate into the layered sample and tune it from a superconductor to an insulator. By precise tuning of Vg in this device, the entire phase diagram of 2M‐WS2 over a large range of carrier density is obtained.
Enhanced Electron Transport and Heat Transfer Boost Light Stability of Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Cells Incorporating Non‐Fullerene Small Molecule and Polymer Acceptors
Authors: Yin Hang , Chiu Ka Lok , Bi Pengqing , Li Gang , Yan Cenqi , Tang Hua , Zhang Chujun , Xiao Yiqun , Zhang Hengkai , Yu Wei , Hu Hanlin , Lu Xinhui , Hao Xiaotao , So Shu Kong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOperation stability remains the key hurdle for the best‐performing non‐fullerene small molecule acceptor (SMA)‐based organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Among all SMAs, the ITIC‐derivative is the most promising OPV cell using ITIC‐derivative acceptors with a power conversion efficiency > 15%. However, the operation stability of SMA‐based devices under illumination is relatively inferior when compared to bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) cells that employ polymeric acceptors. Here, a polymer acceptor N2200 is used as the ternary component to study the device performance of ITIC‐derivative‐based PBDB‐T:ITIC‐M and PBDB‐T‐2F:IT‐4F BHJ solar cells, which currently are the representative state‐of‐the‐art high‐performance OPV devices. The ternary solar cells with low N2200 loading enjoy significantly improved operation stability, while maintaining a high power conversion efficiency. A comprehensive mechanism study is conducted on the ternary OPV systems in i) electronic and ii) thermal aspects. For i), the ternary BHJs show remarkably improved electron transport. For ii), the thermal diffusivity D of the ternary BHJ exhibits almost an order of magnitude improvement in D values, indicating that heat can be more effectively transferred out of such films than binary counterpart. The results show that N2200 ternary loading facilitates an improved network for both electron transport and heat dissipation, leading to improved photostability.
On the Capacity Losses Seen for Optimized Nano‐Si Composite Electrodes in Li‐Metal Half‐Cells
Authors: Lindgren Fredrik , Rehnlund David , Pan Ruijun , Pettersson Jean , Younesi Reza , Xu Chao , Gustafsson Torbjörn , Edström Kristina , Nyholm Leif 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile the use of silicon‐based electrodes can increase the capacity of Li‐ion batteries considerably, their application is associated with significant capacity losses. In this work, the influences of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, volume expansion, and lithium trapping are evaluated for two different electrochemical cycling schemes using lithium‐metal half‐cells containing silicon nanoparticle–based composite electrodes. Lithium trapping, caused by incomplete delithiation, is demonstrated to be the main reason for the capacity loss while SEI formation and dissolution affect the accumulated capacity loss due to a decreased coulombic efficiency. The capacity losses can be explained by the increasing lithium concentration in the electrode causing a decreasing lithiation potential and the lithiation cut‐off limit being reached faster. A lithium‐to‐silicon atomic ratio of 3.28 is found for a silicon electrode after 650 cycles using 1200 mAhg−1capacity limited cycling. The results further show that the lithiation step is the capacity‐limiting step and that the capacity losses can be minimized by increasing the efficiency of the delithiation step via the inclusion of constant voltage delithiation steps. Lithium trapping due to incomplete delithiation consequently constitutes a very important capacity loss phenomenon for silicon composite electrodes.
Safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in liver transplanted patients: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Lim Cherng‐Harng , Shih Kai‐Lun , Wu Shun‐Sheng , Fan Chuan‐San , Yen Hsu‐Heng , Su Wei‐Wen , Tsai Hao‐Chien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe incidence rate of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complication in liver transplanted patient has not been well studied. Some studies believed such patients inherit higher complication risk in ERCP procedure owing to innate structure deformity and coagulopathy condition. Our aim of this study is to evaluate the post‐ERCP complications incidence in liver transplanted patients. All liver transplant patients (deceased donor and living‐related donor) from January 2010 to December 2015 who underwent ERCP procedure alone in Changhua Christian medical center hospital were retrospective evaluated. Data regarding post‐ERCP complications, including pancreatitis, hemorrhage, perforation, and infection, are collected and analyzed. A total of 98 ERCP procedures were performed in 43 liver transplanted patients during 5‐year period. The overall incidence rate of post ERCP complications was 13.27%. The most common complication was bleeding 6.12%, followed by pancreatitis 5.10%, perforation 2.04%, and cholangitis 1.02%. Among patients with post‐ERCP hemorrhage, more than half of the patients had delay bleeding and required more than two times of endoscopic procedure. Differ from general ERCP complications, all of the perforation events were related to bile duct injury.
The effect of discontinuation of aspirin on colonoscopic postpolypectomy bleeding
Authors: Yao Chih‐Chien , Chiu Yi‐Chun , Wu Keng‐Liang , Tai Wei‐Chen , Hu Ming‐Luen , Chou Yeh‐Pin , Liang Chih‐Ming , Lu Lung‐Sheng , Chuah Seng‐Kee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBleeding is one of the most common complications after colonoscopic polypectomy. Several factors associated with postpolypectomy bleeding (PPB) have been discussed, but whether aspirin increases the risk remains controversial, and the effect of the discontinuation of aspirin on PPB is still unclear. We aim to identify the risk factors of PPB and to assess the effect of aspirin on PPB. Patients undergoing colonoscopic polypectomy between November 2013 and September 2014 were recruited to the retrospective study. Patients' demographics, clinical parameters, polyp characteristics, using of antithrombotics, and the prevalence of PPB were reviewed from electronic medical records. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with PPB. A total of 497 patients with 827 polyps removed were recruited to this study. The bleeding rate was significantly higher in patients on aspirin therapy (17.3% vs 6.3%, P = .005). In multiple logistic regression analysis, aspirin users (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51‐8.89, P = .007) and bigger polyp removal (cut level 11.5 mm, HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.23, P = .001) were the significant factors. In aspirin users, discontinuation of aspirin for 7 days before polypectomy was the independent protective factor of bleeding (HR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03‐0.75, P = .022), especially when the polyp was ≧12 mm. Our study found that use of aspirin and bigger polyp size are associated with colonoscopic postpolyectomy bleeding. Discontinuation of aspirin before polypectomy could decrease the bleeding while the polyp size was greater than 12 mm.