bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation between percent liver weight (PLW) and percent fat cells (PFC) of liver in HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats in comparison with insulin, metformin and combination treated diabetic rats.
Authors: Mubeen Sahar , Kamran Mahrukh , Mubeen Hina , Rehan Rabia , Raza Iffat 
Published: August 2019

Background: The study was designed to evaluate short term effects of commonly used antidiabetic drugs on liver. The objective of the study is to observe and analyze the correlation between percent liver weight and percent liver fat cells in control rats and diabetic, insulin, metformin and insulin-metformin combination treated high fat diet (HFD) / Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic albino rats. Study Design: Experimental comparative study. Setting: Institute of Bio Medical Sciences (IBMS), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Ojha Campus, Karachi. Period: December 2014 to May 2015. Materials and Methods: The experimental study was conducted on 50 albino wistar rats. 10 rats served as control rats while rest of the rats were experimentally induced for diabetes type 2 and were then randomized into 5 groups. One group was treated with insulin, one with metformin, and the one group with insulin-metformin combination for 4 weeks. All the treated groups were compared with untreated and control group. At the end of experiment, all the rats were sacrificed and livers were isolated and weighed. Percent liver weight calculated. Liver cut sections were processed and stained to analyze the correlation in percent fat cells in liver percent liver weight and in each treated and untreated diabetic groups, then the results were compared with control rats. Results: Data is analyzed by using SPSS Version 22. Pearson correlation was used to identify correlation between the percent liver weight and percent fat cells in liver of control, treated and untreated diabetic groups. Significant and positive correlation (p-value < 0.01) in insulin treated group of diabetic rats was observed indicating that insulin has a role in causing fatty liver. Conclusion: Insulin treated diabetic group shows a significant positive correlation between percent fat cells of liver and percent liver weight.
Morbidities associated with increased BMI in pregnant women.
Authors: Memon Sarwat 
Published: August 2019

Obesity is the major threat to social and medical wellbeing in Pakistan and worldwide. Increased BMI poses certain risks to mother as well as fetus. The objective of this study is to assess the maternal and fetal morbidities in women presenting with increased BMI during pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Isra University Hospital. Period: 1st June 2017 till Nov 2017. Materials and Methods: 100 Patients with singleton pregnancy were included in this study. Results: . Conclusion: It was concluded that there are complex and noteworthy socio- statistic imbalances related to different age groups, parity status and BMI. It was also concluded that increased no of patients are at high risks of maternal and fetal complication rates and require proper access to antenatal care. Facilities and interventions should be provided to improve both maternal and fetal health care and reduce the risks of adverse effects of increased BMI.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pilihan Konsumen Pada Rumah Type 66 Di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati , Yulian Ryani 
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of product quality, price, location, product knowledge, reference group, investment, and company image on consumer choice in type 66 houses in Pontianak City. The results showed that product quality, price, location, product knowledge, reference group, and investment have positive and significant effect on consumer choice, while corporate image has a positive and insignificant effect on consumer choice. Product quality is the most dominant variable affecting consumer choice in buying type 66 houses in Pontianak City.
Autonomous Learning under Study: An Annotated Bibliography from Two Studies with Different Approaches
Authors: Marzuki Doni 
Published: August 2019

The concept of autonomous learning has gained massive attention in educational research and practice over the last three decades. This concept is regarded as an option in this modern educational world (Scharle & Szabo, 2000) which demands more active participation and less teacher- dependence of learners. In the area of language learning, many researchers have put attention to this concept in order to get more understanding of the theory and practice. Two approaches are commonly used by researchers in this autonomous learning matter are qualitative and quantitative. These two approaches are discussed in this paper in order to get good comparison of advantages and weaknesses to be used for research in autonomous learning area. A mix approach or a combination approach between qualitative and quantitative is also discussed in this paper to get more ideas and understanding about the alternative way of conducting the research in this area.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Terhadap Gaya Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris di Kec. Koto Xi Tarusan, Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Perpisa Lili , Sevrika Herviani 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this research is to describe the effect of environment toward studentsâ learning style in studying English at Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan, Pesisir Selatan. English is an important subject for students since it has many tourism destinations. So, the students should have a capability in English in order to promote their areas. In learning English, each student has different way or different learning style. One of the factors that influences their learning style is an environment. The method of this reseach is causal-comparative. The sample used purposive sampling. The researcher chose 4 schools located in different environment; they are Junior High School number 9Â located close to beach, Junior high SchoolÂ number 1Â located close to market, Senior High School number 2Â located in hilly environment, and Senior High School number 1 located between hill and beach. The total of sample is 216 students and 216 studentsâ parents. The data were taken by using observation, questioneer and interview. The result of this research is the environment does not affect the students learning style in studying English since most of the students in 3 areas use common sense.
Students Dificulties in Using Electronic Book in Language Learning ( a Study at the Second Year of English Department of STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat)
Authors: Sumira Sumira 
Published: August 2019

Dalam proses belajar mengajar, pendidik dalam hal ini dosen membutuhkan media pengajaran. Salah satu media pengajaran yang tebaru adalah buku elektronik ( E-book). E-book berupa CD yang berisikan materi / bahan belajaran, tugas-tugas yangdisusun oleh dosen terkait mata kuliah yang bersangkutan. E-book dapat dipergunakan di dalam kelas ataupun dipergunakan sendiroleh mahas iswa di rumah ataupun di rental komputer. E-book dipergunakan untuk pertama kalinya di jurusan Bhasa Inggris STKIPPGRI Sumatera Barat pada mata pelajaran Cross Cultural Undersatanding (CCU). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian descriptive. Sampedari penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa jurusan Bahasa Inggris tingkat II lokal G yang mengambil mata kulaih CCU. Dari penelitian indidapat bahwa mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menggunakan E-book karena tidak tersedianya laboratorium computer yang dilengkapi internet di jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Selain itu masih banyaknya mahasiswa yang belum mengetahi cara menggoperasikan computer dan internet.
Hubungan Kesegaran Jasmani dan Motivasi Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Bukittinggi
Authors: Ashar Muhammad 
Published: August 2019

The background of this study is the lack of student learning outcomes, some students are less to enjoy some sports activities, not eager to practice sports activities, are less confident in doing sports activities, physical health of students who are less supportive. The objectives of this research are 1) the relationship of physical fitness to the learning outcomes of students in class XI SMA 5 Bukittinggi, 2) the relationship of learning motivation on learning outcomes of students of class XI of SMAN 5 Bukittinggi, 3) relationship of physical fitness and motivation toward learning outcomes of students in class XI SMA 5 Bukittinggi. The research is a descriptive correlational. The population in this study amounted to 149 students, the sample used is proportional random sampling technique of obtained 25 Students. The data analysis is used in this research is product moment correlation formula. The results of this study indicated that physical fitness closely related to students’ learning outcomes of SMA 5 Bukittinggi r>0.654> 0.396, students' motivation relates to students’ learning outcomes r> rtabel 0.453> 0.396. Physical fitness related to student learning outcomes of SMA 5 Bukittinggi r> rtabel 0.488> 0.413, learning motivation relates to student learning outcomes women r> rtabel 0.420> 0.413. Physical fitness and motivation of students learning together in student learning outcomes associated with men's 51.5%. Physical fitness and the motivation to learn together related to students’ learning outcomes of 76.9%.
Students’ Problems in Speaking English for the First Years Student of English Department at STKIP PGRI Padang
Authors: Alicia Dona 
Published: August 2019

Permasalahan dalam berbicara Bahasa Inggris yang di hadapi oleh mahasiswa tahun pertama Jurusan Bahasa Inggris di STKIP PGRI Padang. Paper. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Padang, Sumbar.Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa internasional, yang sangat penting di dalam berkomunikasi. Di sini penulis lihat, mahasiswa tahun pertama STKIP PGRI Padang masih kesulitan di dalam berbahasa Inggris, mungkin di sebabkan beberapa factor : factor Internal dan factor External, di samping itu mereka juga di harapkan dapat menguasai komponen bahasa yang lain, berdasarkan grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, fluency. Karena itu di harapkan kepada setiap guru untuk dapat memberikan motivasi dan peningkatan Bahasa kepada siswanya, khususnya mahaiswa tahun pertama STKIP PGRI Padang.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mahasiswa dalam Memahami Grammar dengan Menggunakan Portofolio pada Mata Kuliah Grammar di Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Politeknik Negeri Padang
Authors: Aulia Dhini , Yulastri Desi , Yaningsih Yaningsih 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah dengan penggunaan portofolio kemampuan mahasiswa dalam mamahami Grammar dapat meningkat. Hipotesis yang diajukan pada penelitian ekperiment ini adalah penggunaan portofolio oleh mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam memahami English Grammar. Portofolio itu sendiri adalah kumpulan hasil karya siswa yang bermanfaat dan dapat mempresentasikan usaha, kemajuan dan prestasi siswa dalam satu atau lebih wilayah kurikulum (Paulson, Paulson dan Meyer, 2003). Penelitian ini juga dilatarbelakangi oleh penelitian sebelumnya yang telah dikakukan oleh penliti sendiri tentang pemanfaatan portofolio untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menerjemah mahasiswa di Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Politeknik Negeri Padang. Penelitian tersebut membuktikan bahwa telah terjadi peningkatan kemampuan dalam penerjemahan pada kelompok eksperimen setelah menggunakan portofolio pada mata kuliah Theory and Practice of Translation 2. Semua data yang sudah terkumpul diolah dengan uji t menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data terdapat perubahan yang signifikan antara pre test dan post test pada kelompok eksperimen dimana mahasiswa tersebut mendapatkan tindakan berupa pemberian portofolio yang harus mereka isi dengan materi yangberhubungan dengan mata kuliah Grammar II. Namun demikian, hasil pre test dan post test yang didapat oleh partisipan pada kelompok kontrol juga meningkat secara signifikan walaupun mereka tidak mendapat tindakan yang sama dengan kelas eksperimen.
Utilization of Internet for Autonomous Learning in Speaking
Authors: Handayani Witri 
Published: August 2019

Internet use for promoting students’ autonomy in language learning has been a great phenomenon to discuss. Many researches have been conducted about this issue. Now the tendency is pointed out specifically for improving students’ competency in speaking. Speaking is normally learned in the classroom setting in which learners have interlocutor as their speaking partner and under direct supervision from the lecturer. The discussion bellow will concern about some internet links that can be used for speaking study. The learners can study by using these internet links independently and record their own voice and video for their own self- assessment. They choose their own target and links to access and determine their own learning target. In the meantime, they also collect the recording to their teacher for assessment purpose.
Students’ Errors in Using Adjective Clause of Writing Descriptive Paragraph at Writing Class I of English Department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera
Authors: Elmiati Elmiati 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesalahan-kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menggunakan adjective clause. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian descriptif yang dilaksanakan di kelas Writing I Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI SUMBAR. Yang terdiri dari 39 orang mahasiswa. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes menulis paragraph descriptive . Kemudian semua data dianalisa dengan analisa deskriptif untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan dalam menggunakan adjective clause pada menulis paragraph deskriptif,. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kesalahan yang dominan muncul dalam menulis adalah pada penggunaan adjective clause sebagai pengganti subjek dan objek dari kata kerja.
Transitive and Intransitive Sentences in Savu Language
Authors: Basoeki Olivia De Haviland , Puspandari Lusia Eni , Saragi Rulli 
Published: August 2019

Language is a communication tool that is seen as a channel for delivering information or messages to others. Language is expressed through sentences that composed of several words in order to form a certain meaning. To form a certain sentence which is apply in a language must follow its rules. For example, Indonesian has a main element that must exist in a sentence, namely predicate or verb. The verb forms become the basic of forming the various sentences, including in determining the types of transitive and intransitive sentences. Predicate or verb is one characteristic that determines whether the sentence is transitive or intransitive in language skills. This reason is one of the authors' interests in discussing more details about the transitive and intransitive sentences of Savu language, which is one of the local languages in the East Nusa Tenggara Province, with speakers of the Savu tribe. Transitive and intransitive sentences in Savu have the most flexible additional elements which can be accompanied by various kinds of objects and adverb. Transitive sentences have two core arguments that are broadly called actors and undergoers, as in the following sentence: (1) ana no era do due do; (2) ta ngedi ke no pidu bue moto; these two transitive sentences of Savu have two core arguments. The predicate on transitive sentences, namely: era 'having' in data (1): ngedi 'see' in data (2), with two core arguments, they are ‘ana no’ ‘his son’ 'and due do 'two people' in data (1), then, no ‘he’ and pidu bue motto ‘seven stars’ in data (2).. Whereas the intransitive sentence has no object. Then, the arrangement of functional elements is Subject + Predicate and Predicate + Subject. The following is an example of the intransitive sentence of Savu: (3) ta mari ina; (4) ro kako la rae; the intransitive sentence of Savu language indicates that they do not have objects. In data (3) ta mari 'laugh’ is the verb; ina ‘lady' is the subject. As well as in data (4) ro 'they’ is the subject, while kako la ‘go to' and rae ‘adverb of place’.
The Harris hawks, grasshopper and multi-verse optimization algorithms for the selection of optimal machining parameters in manufacturing operations
Authors: Yıldız Ali Rıza , Yıldız Betul Sultan , Sait Sadiq M. , Li Xinyu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this research, the Harris hawks optimization algorithm (HHO), the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) and the multi-verse optimization algorithm (MVO) have been used in solving manufacturing optimization problems. This paper is the first research study for the optimization of processing parameters for manufacturing processes using the HHO, the GOA, and the MVO in the literature, and in particular, for grinding operations. A well-known grinding optimization problem is solved to prove how effective the HHO, the GOA and the MVO are in solving manufacturing problems and to demonstrate superiority over other algorithms. The results of the HHO, the GOA and the MVO are compared with other methods such as the genetic algorithm, the ant colony algorithm, the scatter search, the differential evolution algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm, simulated annealing, the artificial bee colony, harmony search, improved differential evolution, the hybrid particle swarm algorithm, teaching learning-based optimization algorithms, the cuckoo search, and the fractal search algorithm. The results show that the HHO, the GOA, and the MVO are efficient optimization approaches for obtaining optimal manufacturing variables in manufacturing operations.
Effect of laser power on roughness and porosity in laser powder bed fusion of stainless steel 316L alloys measured by X-ray tomography
Authors: Forien Jean-Baptiste , DePond Philip J. , Guss Gabe M. , Jared Bradley H. , Madison Jonathan D. , Matthews Manyalibo J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The quality of metal objects fabricated via laser powder bed fusion are highly affected by process parameters, and their influence on final products is yet to be fully explored. In this work, pyrometry signals of the melt pool were collected from a set of stainless-steel samples during manufacturing and the effect of laser power on porosity and roughness of final printed parts was analyzed. Results show that the melt pool pyrometry signal of contours increases with higher laser power, whereas it is lower and decreases for the infilled part. Post-built X-ray computed tomography imaging reveals that porosity decreases while sample roughness increases upon increasing laser power. The decrease in porosity with increasing laser power is attributed to the larger size of the contour welds that were printed first, leading to an increase in dimension of the final products.
Structural and electrochemical properties of lithiated conical carbon nanotubes as anode materials for lithium ion accumulating systems
Authors: Suleimanov Nail , Khantimerov Sergey , Kierzek Krzysztof , Shustov Vladimir , Garipov Ranis , Fatukhov Ranis , Matukhin Vadim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInteraction of conical carbon nanotubes with lithium during their electrochemical treatment was studied by galvanostatic measurements. The presence of reversible and irreversible reactions during the Li insertion into conical carbon nanotubes was established. The structural changes occurring in the conical walls of the conical carbon nanotubes in consequence of the lithium intercalation were investigated by using X-ray diffraction. The results obtained show that the lithiation of conical carbon nanotubes is partially reversible and leads to a change in the diffraction peak profile (2θ = 26°) corresponding to the interplanar distance in conical carbon nanotubes. Such changes are associated with the lithium insertion into the interplanar spaces of conical carbon nanotubes.
Evaluation of neurosurgical implant infection rates and associated pathogens: evidence from 1118 postoperative infections
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Linyan , Qin Tingting , Wang Zhenzhen , Li Ying , Gu Bing 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVEVarious implanted materials are used in neurosurgery; however, there remains a lack of pooled data on infection rates (IRs) and infective bacteria over past decades. The goal of this study was to investigate implant infections in neurosurgical procedures in a longitudinal retrospective study and to evaluate the IRs of neurosurgically implanted materials and the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms.METHODSA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases for the time period between 1968 and 2018. Neurosurgical implant infections were studied in 5 subgroups, including operations or diseases, implanted materials, bacteria, distribution by country, and time periods, which were obtained from the literature and statistically analyzed. In this meta-analysis, statistical heterogeneity across studies was tested by using p values and I2 values between studies of associated pathogens. Egger’s test was used for assessing symmetries of funnel plots with Stata 11.0 software. Methodological quality was assessed to judge the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook.RESULTSA total of 22,971 patients from 227 articles satisfied the study’s eligibility criteria. Of these, 1118 cases of infection were reported, and the overall IR was 4.87%. In this study, the neurosurgical procedures or disorders with the top 3 IRs included craniotomy (IR 6.58%), cranioplasty (IR 5.89%), and motor movement disorders (IR 5.43%). Among 13 implanted materials, the implants with the top 3 IRs included polypropylene-polyester, titanium, and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), which were 8.11%, 8.15%, and 7.31%, respectively. Furthermore, the main causative pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus and the countries with the top 3 IRs were Denmark (IR 11.90%), Korea (IR 10.98%), and Mexico (IR 9.26%). Except for the low IR from 1998 to 2007, the overall implant IR after neurosurgical procedures was on the rise.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, the main pathogen in neurosurgery was S. aureus, which can provide a certain reference for the clinic. In addition, the IRs of polypropylene-polyester, titanium, and PEEK were higher than other materials, which means that more attention should be paid to them. In short, the total IR was high in neurosurgical implants and should be taken seriously.