bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing wind farm siting to reduce power system impacts of wind variability
Authors: Musselman Amelia , Thomas Valerie M. , Boland Natashia , Nazzal Dima 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe introduce and solve two variants of a biobjective optimization model to reduce the negative impact of wind variability on the power system by strategically locating wind farms. The first model variant considers average changes in wind power over time; the second captures extreme fluctuations in wind power. A complementary set of wind sites is selected with the aim of minimizing both residual demand and the variability in residual demand. Because exact optimization is computationally intensive, we develop two heuristics—forward and backward greedy algorithms—to find approximate solutions. The results are compared with the exact optimization results for a well‐selected subset of the data as well as to the results from selecting sites based on average wind alone. The two models are solved using demand data and potential wind sites for the Southwest Power Pool. Though both objectives can be improved by adding more sites, for a fixed number of sites, minimizing residual demand and variability in residual demand are competing objectives. We find an approximate efficient frontier to compare trade‐offs between the two objectives. We also vary the parameter in the heuristic that controls how the two objectives are prioritized. For the case study, the backward greedy algorithm is more effective at reducing the wind power variability than the forward greedy algorithm. Furthermore, using the backward algorithm for the full dataset is more effective than solving the exact optimization on a subset of the data when the results are evaluated using the full dataset.
New method to capture traveling waves in flow passing a wind turbine
Authors: Le Clainche Soledad , Mao Xuerui , Vega José M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFlow structures in the wake of a wind turbine are analysed by performing spatio‐temporal Koopman decomposition (STKD). STKD is a new method to decompose the flow field as a combination of travelling waves and to extract the frequency and wavenumbers (characterizing a specific spatial direction) of the dominant waves. The results indicate that the complex unsteady behaviour of the turbine wake flow is mainly driven by a single wave travelling downstream, combined with smaller amplitude traveling waves representing the flow rotation. This result agrees with the general description of the wake of a wind turbine regarded as the combination of self‐sustained oscillations and the development of upstream external noise, which are represented by the dominant traveling wave and the small‐magnitude ones, respectively.
The Multiple Impact of Education Gaps in Romania
Authors: Cismaru Diana-Maria , Corbu Nicoleta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis contribution discusses the potential consequences of education gaps in Romania in the frame of change in the last 25 years, a frame that includes European integration and the strategic goals set for Europe 2020. The theoretical background is mainly functional, conceiving that the education system is one of the core systems that provide the basis for a nation’s development. Using quantitative data from institutional sources, such as Eurostat and the UNESCO data bank, the present research identifies education gaps at several levels: between urban and rural areas, regions of development, social categories. The consequences of these gaps in the future will be dramatic because education outcomes have an impact on multiple sectors, such as employability, work force quality, quality of life in the long term, and the welfare of the entire society.
Measuring the Hard-to-Measure in Development: Dimensions, Measurement Challenges, and Responses
Authors: Buffardi Anne L. , Pasanen Tiina , Hearn Simon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDevelopment is a multi-dimensional, imprecise concept. Initiatives that aim to improve development attempt to address entrenched economic and social issues, increasingly through multi-component programmes, involve diverse sets of stakeholders pursuing different, sometimes competing interests, and must adapt to shifting contexts. They operate under conditions of uncertainty and complexity. Each of these factors poses challenges for measurement validity and reliability.Based on common challenges that arose through development initiatives across a range of contexts, this paper explores four hard-to-measure dimensions of development: abstract, multi-dimensional concepts, processes, and issues; challenging settings where there are unpredictable, sudden or frequent shifts in the environment; multiple, uncertain pathways of change; and multi-layer implementing structures such as cross-sector partnerships and regional/national/subnational initiatives. These dimensions pose specific difficulties related to what is measured and where, the assessment of how and why changes took place, and who or what is the unit of analysis. They affect the credibility of evidence, a foundational element of evidence-informed decision-making. In addition to technical, methodological aspects, relational and political factors also have implications for measurement, even if the issue area, setting, pathway of change, and implementing structure are not inherently difficult.
Get It Right This Time? Leaving the Periphery of the European Economic Development
Authors: Păun Cristian , Pînzaru Florina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn 1990, the Central and East European countries started, at approximately the same level, the race to change their economic systems from communism to capitalism, which in turn was undergoing full-fledged mutations. Almost three decades later, the gap between Romania and other ex-communist, presently EU member states, is wider. Moreover, after joining the European Union, Romania did not surmount the inequalities, so in 2016 it was a paradoxical country, enjoying the highest rate of economic growth in the UE but, at the same time, ranking systematically low in welfare and development ratings. How can one explain such a meandering evolution? How is it that a country of significant natural resources and a development level like the others’ in the region, is behind three decades later? What can still be done, in the context of a globalized economy, undergoing higher and higher and unexpected pressure, where the big tend to become ever bigger? Decision makers might answer that the economy needed to be systemically changed to contain high value, ripple-effect activities. Yet this would involve structural investments in education and R&D and attracting funds for production capacities that do not rely only on cheap labour at a time when Romania is facing a constant demographic decline, a lack of domestic capital and a deterioration in the systems of education, research and transport.
The East-West Divide in the European Union: A Development Divide Reframed as a Political One
Authors: Bârgăoanu Alina , Buturoiu Raluca , Durach Flavia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the return of the East-West divide in the European Union, a divide neither new nor superficial. Dating centuries back in history, the divide is fuelled by persistent differences in the level of development of the Old (Western) Member States, and the New (CEE) Member States. Given the major geopolitical shifts shaking the current world order (i.e., the transatlantic deficit), overcoming the East-West divide is crucial for the EU’s future. This chapter will underline the morphology of the East-West “development divide” by focusing on its socio-economic determinants. It seeks to show that CEE membership to the EU has left largely untouched development indicators such as the urban-rural ratio, level of capitalisation and savings, entrepreneurship and innovation, integration in global/European production, technology, R&D chains, minimum wages, social expenditures, poverty, deprivation, income inequality, unemployment, and mortality. The authors consider that a sober, critical evidence-based acknowledgement of the European Union’s failure to make significant contributions to closing this development divide is worth our attention, and that the temptation to “reframe” this development gap in political, cultural, or even civilizational terms has the potential to create the greatest vulnerability for the EU and the international liberal order in the next years.
Key settings for successful Open Innovation Arena
Authors: Sivam Ashwin , Dieguez Teresa , Ferreira Luís Pinto , Silva F.J.G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine settings for the Open Innovation Arena. In greater depth, this paper aims to analyse and reveal which factors influence the formation of an appropriate arena for doing open innovation and furthermore to prescribe how a firm can create an effective arena to gain access to external knowledge. This paper presents a review on open innovation literature with the purpose of examining the current understanding of factors influencing a firm's capacity to embrace and practice open innovation as well as understanding what is critical when fitting outside systems. It presents the results of a survey conducted among 25 researchers from INESC TEC, the Portuguese Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology, and Science. The study concludes that conditions, namely culture, leadership and strategy, are the main drivers to an open innovation arena, highlighting culture as the most important one.Highlights Nowadays, the goal of each organisation is to conquest competition and to win new customers. Firms must create physical locations where collaboration is encouraged. Companies must be able to diagnose, measure and question its innovation performance and potential. The Innovation Scoring System impacts a firm's capacity to embrace and practice open innovation; Impacting factors on Innovation Scoring System: Conditions, Resources, Processes and Results. Open Innovation is a powerful tool for the sustainable development of the companies.
Basic Structure Revisited: The Case of Semenyih Jaya and the Defence of Fundamental Constitutional Principles in Malaysia
Authors: TAY Wilson Tze Vern 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInSemenyih Jaya v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah Hulu Langat, the Federal Court of Malaysia asserted that the Federal Constitution continues to vest a distinct and independent judicial power in the judiciary notwithstanding earlier constitutional amendments, and also gave substantive effect to the ‘basic structure doctrine’ for the first time in Malaysia. This has contributed significantly to the long-standing discussion of whether, and to what extent, the ‘basic structure doctrine’ applies in Malaysia. Situating that landmark decision within the context of the evolving judicial practice in Malaysia and other jurisdictions on the ‘Westminster model’, this article evaluates the extent to whichSemenyih Jayahas contributed towards strengthening constitutionalism and the rule of law in Malaysia. Considering that the apex court stopped short of directly invalidating the relevant constitutional amendments, this article argues thatSemenyih Jayarepresents a sophisticated modification of the ‘basic structure doctrine’ to fit the current context of Malaysian constitutionalism. This article also examines howSemenyih Jayaadvances the ‘constitutional dialogue’ between the judiciary and its co-equal branches of government, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the approach taken by the Federal Court in that case.
Impact of doffing errors on healthcare worker self-contamination when caring for patients on contact precautions
Authors: Okamoto Koh , Rhee Yoona , Schoeny Michael , Lolans Karen , Cheng Jennifer , Reddy Shivani , Weinstein Robert A. , Hayden Mary K. , Popovich Kyle J. ,   for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective:We assessed the impact of personal protective equipment (PPE) doffing errors on healthcare worker (HCW) contamination with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).Design:Prospective, observational study.Setting:The study was conducted at 4 adult ICUs at 1 tertiary-care teaching hospital.Participants:HCWs who cared for patients on contact precautions for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, or multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli were enrolled. Samples were collected from standardized areas of patient body, garb sites, and high-touch environmental surfaces in patient rooms. HCW hands, gloves, PPE, and equipment were sampled before and after patient interaction. Research personnel observed PPE doffing and coded errors based on CDC guidelines.Results:We enrolled 125 HCWs; most were nurses (66.4%) or physicians (19.2%). During the study, 95 patients were on contact precautions for MRSA. Among 5,093 cultured sites (HCW, patient, environment), 652 (14.7%) yielded the target MDRO. Moreover, 45 HCWs (36%) were contaminated with the target MDRO after patient interactions, including 4 (3.2%) on hands and 38 (30.4%) on PPE. Overall, 49 HCWs (39.2%) made multiple doffing errors and were more likely to have contaminated clothes following a patient interaction (risk ratio [RR], 4.69;P= .04). All 4 HCWs with hand contamination made doffing errors. The risk of hand contamination was higher when gloves were removed before gowns during PPE doffing (RR, 11.76;P= .025).Conclusion:When caring for patients on CP for MDROs, HCWs appear to have differential risk for hand contamination based on their method of doffing PPE. An intervention as simple as reinforcing the preferred order of doffing may reduce HCW contamination with MDROs.
Prelimbic neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition exerts antidepressant-like effects independently of BDNF signalling cascades
Authors: Pereira Vitor Silva , Suavinha Angélica C.D. Romano , Wegener Gregers , Joca Sâmia R.L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesNMDA antagonists and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors induce antidepressant-like effects and may represent treatment options for depression. The behavioural effects of NMDA antagonists seem to depend on Tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB) activation by BDNF and on mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, it is unknown whether similar mechanisms are involved in the behavioural effects of NOS inhibitors. Therefore, this work aimed at determining the role of TrkB and mTOR signalling in the prelimbic area of the ventral mPFC (vmPFC-PL) in the antidepressant-like effect of NOS inhibitors.MethodsPharmacological treatment with LY235959 or ketamine (NMDA antagonists), NPA or 7-NI (NOS inhibitors), BDNF, K252a (Trk antagonist) and rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) injected systemically or into vmPFC-PL followed by behavioural assessment.ResultsWe found that bilateral injection of BDNF into the vmPFC-PL induced an antidepressant-like effect, which was blocked by pretreatment with K252a and rapamycin. Microinjection of LY 235959 into the vmPFC-PL induced antidepressant-like effect that was suppressed by local rapamycin but not by K252a pretreatment. Microinjection of NPA induced an antidepressant-like effect insensitive to both K252a and rapamycin. Similarly, the antidepressant-like effects of a systemic injection of ketamine or 7-NI were not affected by blockade of mTOR or Trk receptors in the vmPFC-PL.ConclusionOur data support the hypothesis that NMDA blockade induces an antidepressant-like effect that requires mTOR but not Trk signalling into the vmPFC-PL. The antidepressant-like effect induced by local NOS inhibition is independent on both Trk and mTOR signalling in the vmPFC-PL.
Efficacy of ethyl-EPA as a treatment for Huntington disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morsy Sara , Khalil Samar Morsy , Doheim Mohamed Fahmy , Kamel Mohamed Gomaa , El-Basiony Doaa Saeed Mahmoud , Ahmed Hassan Hossam Idrees , Eisa Ahmed Abdelaziz , Anh Ngoc Cao Thị , Dang Nguyen Phu , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective:After MRI studies suggested the efficacy of ethyl-EPA in reducing the progressive brain atrophy in Huntington disease (HD), trials were conducted to test its efficacy as a treatment for HD. Trials that continued for 6 months did not find any significant improvement, urging discontinuation of the drug. However, trials that continued for 12 months indicated improvement of motor functions in these patients.Methods:We searched 12 electronic databases to find randomised clinical trials relevant to our inclusion criteria. After screening, only five papers were included. Continuous and binary variables were analysed to compute the pooled mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR), respectively. Quality effect model meta-analysis was used as a post hoc analysis for studies at 12 months.Findings:Meta-analysis indicated that ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has no significant effect on any scale of HD at 6 months. At 12 months, two studies suggested significant improvements of the Total Motor Score and Total Motor Score–4 in both fixed and quality effect models [MD = −2.720, 95% CI (−4.76, –.68), p = 0.009; MD = −2.225, 95% CI (−3.842, −0.607), p = 0.007], respectively. Maximal chorea score showed significant results [MD = −1.013, 95% CI (−1.793, −0.233), p = 0.011] in only fixed-effect model, while no improvement was detected for Stroop colour naming test or symbol digit modality.Conclusion:Meta-analysis indicated a significant improvement of motor scores only after 12 months. These results should be interpreted cautiously because only two studies had assessed the efficacy of ethyl-EPA after 12 months with one of them having a 6-month open-label phase.
Comparison of phytosterol intake from FFQ with repeated 24-h dietary recalls of the Adventist Health Study-2 calibration sub-study
Authors: Sirirat Rawiwan , Heskey Celine , Haddad Ella , Tantamango-Bartley Yessenia , Fraser Gary , Mashchak Andrew , Jaceldo-Siegl Karen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the performance of an FFQ in estimating phytosterol intake against multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24HDR) using data from 1011 participants of the calibration sub-study of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort. Dietary assessments of phytosterol intake included a self-administered FFQ and six 24HDR and plasma sterols. Plasma sterols were determined using the GLC flame ionisation method. Validation of energy-adjusted phytosterol intake from the FFQ with 24HDR was conducted by calculating crude, unadjusted, partial and de-attenuated correlation coefficients (r) and cross-classification by race. On average, total phytosterol intake from the FFQ was 439·6 mg/d in blacks and 417·9 mg/d in whites. From the 24HDR, these were 295·6 mg/d in blacks and 351·4 mg/d in whites. Intake estimates of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, other plant sterols and total phytosterols from the FFQ had moderate to strong correlations with estimates from 24HDR (r 0·41–0·73). Correlations were slightly higher in whites (r0·42–0·73) than in blacks (r 0·41–0·67). FFQ estimates were poorly correlated with plasma sterols as well as 24HDRv. plasma sterols. We conclude that the AHS-2 FFQ provided reasonable estimates of phytosterol intake and may be used in future studies relating phytosterol intake and disease outcomes.
Mixed-stock and discriminant models use for assessing recruitment sources of estuarine fish populations in La Plata Basin (South America)
Authors: Avigliano Esteban , Pisonero Jorge , Bordel Nerea , Dománico Alejandro , Volpedo Alejandra Vanina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify potential recruitment sources of Prochilodus lineatus from freshwater areas (Paraná and Uruguay rivers) to estuarine population of the Río de la Plata Estuary (La Plata Basin, South America), considering young (age-1) and adult (age-7) fish. LA-ICP-MS chemical analysis of the otolith core (nine element:Ca ratios) of an unknown mixed sample from Río de la Plata Estuary (2011 and 2017) was compared with a young-of-year baseline data set (same cohort) and classified into freshwater nurseries (Paraná or Uruguay river) by using maximum classification-likelihood models (MLE and MCL) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). Considering the three models used, the Uruguay River was the most important contributor for both young and adult populations. The young population (2011) was highly mixed with contributions between 31.7 to 68.3%, while the degree of mixing was found to decrease in 2017 (adult fish) from 97.1 to 100% contributions. The three employed methods showed comparable estimates, however, the QDA showed a high similarity with the MCL model, suggesting sensitivity to evaluate small contributions, unlike the MLE method. Our results show the potential application of maximum likelihood mixture models and QDA for determining the relative importance of recruitment sources of fish in estuarine waters of the La Plata Basin.
Health, psychological, social and environmental mediators between socio-economic inequalities and participation in exercise among elderly Japanese
Authors: Sugisawa Hidehiro , Harada Ken , Sugihara Yoko , Yanagisawa Shizuko , Shinmei Masaya 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examined which of the identified health, psychological, social and environmental mediators could most effectively explain the socio-economic status (SES)-based differences in participation in exercise among elderly Japanese. The candidates for mediators were composed based on the socio-ecological model. A representative sample of people 65 years and older living in two areas with different residential SES in Tokyo, Japan produced 739 effective participants. The intensity of exercise was evaluated based on whether the participants exercise for 30 minutes or longer twice a week, or for 20 minutes or longer three times a week. SES was evaluated by education and income. Mediators were assessed through four dimensions: (a) health, (b) psychological status, (c) social relations and (d) environmental context. As a result, SES's indirect effect through the mediators was evaluated using a multiple mediator model. The influence of both education and income on exercise was mediated by self-efficacy for exercise and social support for exercise. Self-efficacy for exercise had the strongest effect, while social support for exercise explained more of the income differences affecting participation in exercise than it did regarding educational differences. Self-efficacy for exercise may have the strongest effect as a mediator, which would explain the differences in participation in exercise among elderly Japanese based on education and income.