bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does informed trading affect the information environment? Looking at the Chinese stock market from the perspective of the speed of information integration
Authors: Hu Yingyi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the informational environment of the Chinese stock market from the perspective of the integration speed for firm‐specific information and market‐wide information. Our empirical evidence shows that, while informed trading increases the integration speed for firm‐specific information as information asymmetry dissipates over time, the trading costs related to information asymmetry that results from informed trading on firm‐specific information negatively affect the integration speed for market‐wide information. This study provides evidence on the interaction between different information sets and could be generalized to, and has strong empirical implications for, other emerging markets that have more significant problems with information asymmetry.
Thermochemistry of BaSm2O4 and thermodynamic assessment of the BaO–Sm2O3 system
Authors: Gong Weiping , Ushakov Sergey V. , Agca Can , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe BaO–Sm2O3 system is of interest for the optimization of synthesis of electroceramics. The only systematic experimental study of phase equilibria in the system was performed more than 40 years ago. The reported experimental values of the enthalpy of formation of BaSm2O4 are in conflict, and the reported compound Ba3Sm4O9 has never been confirmed. In this work we synthesized BaSm2O4 by solid‐state reaction and determined its heat capacity, enthalpy of formation, and phase transitions by differential scanning calorimetry, high‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry and ultra‐high‐temperature differential thermal analysis, respectively. We confirmed the existence of Ba3Sm4O9 and its apparent stability from 1873 to 2273 K by X‐ray diffraction on quenched laser‐melted samples but were not able to obtain single‐phase material for calorimetric measurements. The CALPHAD method was used to assess phase equilibria in the BaO–Sm2O3 system, using both available literature data and our new measurements. A self‐consistent thermodynamic database and the calculated phase diagram of the BaO–Sm2O3 system are provided. This work can be used to model and thus to understand the relationships among composition, temperature, and microstructure for multicomponent systems with BaO and Sm2O3.
Consensus‐based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part II
Authors: Wollenberg A. , Barbarot S. , Bieber T. , Christen‐Zaech S. , Deleuran M. , Fink‐Wagner A. , Gieler U. , Girolomoni G. , Lau S. , Muraro A. , Czarnecka‐Operacz M. , Schäfer T. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Simon D. , Szalai Z. , Szepietowski J.C. , Taïeb A. , Torrelo A. , Werfel T. , Ring J. ,   the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD), European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA), the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP), the European Society of Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD), Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) and the European Union of Medical Specialists
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis guideline was developed as a joint interdisciplinary European project, including physicians from all relevant disciplines as well as patients. It is a consensus‐based guideline, taking available evidence from other guidelines, systematic reviews and published studies into account. This second part of the guideline covers antimicrobial therapy, systemic treatment, allergen‐specific immunotherapy, complementary medicine, psychosomatic counselling and educational interventions, whereas the first part covers methods, patient perspective, general measures and avoidance strategies, basic emollient treatment and bathing, dietary intervention, topical anti‐inflammatory therapy, phototherapy and antipruritic therapy. Management of AE must consider the individual clinical variability of the disease. Systemic immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolic acid is established option for severe refractory cases, and widely available. Biologicals targeting the T helper 2 pathway such as dupilumab may be a safe and effective, disease‐modifying alternative when available. Oral drugs such as JAK inhibitors and histamine 4 receptor antagonists are in development. Microbial colonization and superinfection may cause disease exacerbation and can require additional antimicrobial treatment. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy with aeroallergens may be considered in selected cases. Psychosomatic counselling is recommended especially in stress‐induced exacerbations. Therapeutic patient education (‘Eczema school’) is recommended for children and adult patients. General measures, basic emollient treatment, bathing, dietary intervention, topical anti‐inflammatory therapy, phototherapy and antipruritic therapy have been addressed in the first part of the guideline.
Astrocyte truncated tropomyosin receptor kinase B mediates brain‐derived neurotrophic factor anti‐apoptotic effect leading to neuroprotection
Authors: Saba Julieta , Turati Juan , Ramírez Delia , Carniglia Lila , Durand Daniela , Lasaga Mercedes , Caruso Carla 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAstrocytes are glial cells that help maintain brain homeostasis and become reactive in neurodegenerative processes releasing both harmful and beneficial factors. We have demonstrated that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is induced by melanocortins in astrocytes but BDNF actions in astrocytes are largely unknown. We hypothesize that BDNF may prevent astrocyte death resulting in neuroprotection. We found that BDNF increased astrocyte viability, preventing apoptosis induced by serum deprivation by decreasing active caspase 3 and p53 expression. The anti‐apoptotic action of BDNF was abolished by ANA‐12 (a specific TrkB antagonist) and by K252a (a general Trk antagonist). Astrocytes only express the BDNF receptor TrkB‐truncated isoform 1, TrkB‐T1. BDNF induced ERK, Akt, and Src (a non‐receptor tyrosine kinase) activation in astrocytes. Blocking ERK and Akt pathways abolished BDNF protection in serum deprivation‐induced cell death. Moreover, BDNF protected astrocytes from death by 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP), an effect also blocked by ANA‐12, K252a, and inhibitors of ERK, calcium, and Src. BDNF reduced reactive oxygen species levels induced in astrocytes by 3‐NP and increased xCT expression and glutathione levels. Astrocyte‐conditioned medium (ACM) from untreated astrocytes partially protected PC12 neurons, whereas ACM from BDNF‐treated astrocytes completely protected PC12 neurons from 3‐NP‐induced apoptosis. Both ACM from control and BDNF‐treated astrocytes markedly reduced reactive oxygen species levels induced by 3‐NP in PC12 cells. Our results demonstrate that BDNF protects astrocytes from cell death through TrkB‐T1 signaling, exerts an antioxidant action, and induces release of neuroprotective factors from astrocytes.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Navigating panethnic categorization in the workplace: A study of British Sri Lankan employees
Authors: Fernando Dulini , Kenny Etlyn 
Published: June 2018

A wide range of ethnic groups make up labour markets in most advanced economies. However, we lack a nuanced understanding of how specific groups experience minority ethnic identity within the workplace. This article addresses how an under‐represented minority ethnic group, British Sri Lankans, experience being assigned a broad Asian panethnic identity in their workplace, which is both positively and negatively stereotyped. Drawing on theories of social identity‐based impression management and self‐stereotyping, we highlight how individuals responded to panethnic stereotypes imposed on them by both claiming and rejecting a broader Asian identity, and at the same time attempting to carve out a more distinctive British Sri Lankan identity. We advance knowledge of the multi‐level nature of ethnic identity, demonstrating ways in which movement between superordinate and subordinate levels of ethnic identity can occur. Counter‐intuitively, we suggest that individuals’ positive self‐stereotyping efforts may, over time, contribute to a more constricted career path that may leave them less prepared for senior management positions.Practitioner points

To help facilitate the development of genuinely inclusive organizations and maximize the use of available talent, practitioners need to be vigilant about the prevalence of ethnic group stereotypes in contemporary work settings.

Practitioners should not discourage conversations around ethnicity and culture at work, but they should make it clear that the aim is not to encourage the proliferation of group stereotypes. Proliferation of group stereotypes may contribute to unconscious bias.
A Novel Extended Range Attachment System to Retain Implant Overdentures: A Clinical Report
Authors: Baba Nadim Z. , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. , AlRumaih Hamad S. , AlShehri Abdulkareem 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVarious attachment systems have been used to facilitate the retention, stability, and support of overdentures. The low profile design, pivoting technology, and durability of the Locator attachment made it one of the commonly used tissue‐supported implant‐retained overdentures. It has been successfully used to retain overdentures as well as partial dentures. This article describes the uses of the new Locator R‐Tx abutment and illustrates both the direct and indirect techniques used to process the denture attachment housing into the prosthesis to retain overdentures and partial dentures.
Emotional overactivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Fournier A. , Mondillon L. , Dantzer C. , Gauchez A.‐S. , Ducros V. , Mathieu N. , Faure P. , Canini F. , Bonaz B. , Pellissier S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundNegativity is often observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). No study has examined their emotional expressiveness as a marker of emotional reactivity. We investigated IBS patients’ vulnerability to an emotional load by associating their expressiveness with psychological and neurophysiological assessments. We hypothesized that IBS would be characterized by a lack of expressiveness coupled with high scores in psychological and neurophysiological parameters.MethodsWe assessed the emotional facial expressions (EMFACS), psychological (anxiety, depression, alexithymia), and neurophysiological (cortisol, heart rate variability (HRV)) parameters of 25 IBS patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) while they watched fear‐eliciting movie extracts.Key ResultsOverall, the task elicited an increase in state anxiety and consistent HRV responses. However, IBS patients differed from HC as they displayed more sadness and tended to display more rage. Contrary to HC, IBS patients showed an increase in heart rate and a decrease in parasympathetic regulation, reflecting an enhanced responsiveness corroborated by higher scores in depression and state anxiety. Consistent with their higher difficulty in identifying feelings, a component of alexithymia positively correlated with their expressions of rage, they were not aware of their increase in anxiety during the task, whereas HC were. No linear relationship between patients’ expressions and their neurophysiological responses was found.Conclusions & InferencesIrritable bowel syndrome patients displayed greater emotional expressiveness with negative prevalence. This reflects an emotional vulnerability potentially related to low regulation skills and underscores the importance of considering the central dysregulation hypothesis in IBS as a promising avenue of research.
Comparative Study Between M6‐C and Mobi‐C Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement: Biomechanical Outcomes and Comparison with Normative Data
Authors: Pham My , Phan Kevin , Teng Ian , Mobbs Ralph J 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveCervical spondylosis affects a huge proportion of the middle‐aged population. Degenerative changes can occur in multiple regions of the cervical spine typically affecting the joints, intervertebral discs and endplates. These changes lead to compression of adjacent nervous structures, which results in radiculopathic and myelopathic pain. Various treatment modalities are currently available with non‐surgical approaches the initial go to if there is no symptomatic cord compression. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, or arthroplasty are the two common surgical approaches if non‐surgical treatments fail to relieve symptoms of the patients or there are signs of central cord compression. However, studies have shown that there is an increased risk of adjacent segment disease related to fusion. Cervical disc arthroplasty aims to restore normal range of motion (ROM) in patients with pain and disability due to degenerative disc disease resistant to conservative care. Two common disc prostheses used include M6‐C and Mobi‐C. Both prostheses comprise a mobile polymer segment sandwiched between two metal endplates with mechanisms resembling an actual intervertebral disc. This study aims to compare the kinematics associated with these prostheses, against the normal range of motion in the non‐degenerative population.MethodPatients who underwent M6‐C or Mobi‐C disc replacements by the senior author from 2012 to 2015 were identified at a single tertiary institution. Routine 3‐month postoperative lateral radiographs were analyzed for flexion and extension ROM angles at the involved vertebral level by two independent authors. Data was compared to previous published studies investigating cervical spine ROM of asymptomatic patients.ResultsThere was no statistical significance in the difference of overall flexion range between M6‐C and Mobi‐C prostheses. However, overall range of extension of Mobi‐C was greater compared to M6‐C (P = 0.028). At C5–6, the range of flexion for both implants were similar but lesser compared to asymptomatic patients (P < 0.001). Range of extension was greater in the Mobi‐C group (14.2° ± 5.1°) compared to the M6‐C (7.3° ± 4.6°) (P = 0.0009). At C6–7, there were no statistical differences in both range of flexion and extension between the two prostheses and asymptomatic patients (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe early results regarding restoration of ROM following cervical arthroplasty using either M6‐C or Mobi‐C prosthesis are encouraging. Long‐term follow‐up studies are necessary to observe the change in ROM over time with physiological loading and wear patterns.
CorVue algorithm efficacy to predict heart failure in real life: Unnecessary and potentially misleading information?
Authors: Palfy Julia Anna , Benezet‐Mazuecos Juan , Martinez Milla Juan , Iglesias Jose Antonio , de la Vieja Juan Jose , Sanchez‐Borque Pepa , Miracle Angel , Rubio Jose Manuel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) hospitalizations have a negative impact on quality of life and imply important costs. Intrathoracic impedance (ITI) variations detected by cardiac devices have been hypothesized to predict HF hospitalizations. Although Optivol™ algorithm (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) has been widely studied, CorVue™ algorithm's (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) long‐term efficacy has not been systematically evaluated in a “real‐life” cohort.MethodsCorVue™ was activated in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D) patients to store information about ITI measures. Clinical events (new episodes of HF requiring treatment and hospitalizations) and CorVue™ data were recorded every 3 months. Appropriate CorVue™ detection for HF was considered if it occurred in the 4 prior weeks to the clinical event.ResultsFifty‐three ICD/CRT‐D (26 ICD and 27 CRT‐D) patients (67 ± 1 years old, 79% male) were included. Device position was subcutaneous in 28 patients. At inclusion, mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 25 ± 7% and 27 patients (51%) were in New York Heart Association class I, 18 (34%) in class II, and eight (15%) in class III. After a mean follow‐up of 17 ± 9 months, 105 ITI drops alarms were detected in 32 patients (60%). Only six alarms were appropriate (true positive) and required hospitalization. Eighteen patients (34%) presented 25 clinical episodes (12 hospitalizations and 13 emergency room/ambulatory treatment modifications). Nineteen of these clinical episodes (76%) remained undetected by the CorVue™ (false negative). Sensitivity of CorVue™ resulted in 24%, specificity was 70%, positive predictive value of 6%, and negative predictive value of 93%.ConclusionsCorVue™ showed a low sensitivity to predict HF events. Therefore, routinely activation of this algorithm could generate misleading information.
Clinical performance of different DF‐4 implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads
Authors: Sarrazin Jean‐François , Philippon François , Sellier Romain , André Philippe , O'Hara Gilles , Molin Franck , Nault Isabelle , Blier Louis , Champagne Jean 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) DF‐4 connectors have been introduced to facilitate defibrillator lead connection and to reduce the size of device header. There are limited data regarding the overall performance of those leads and no comparison between different ICD DF‐4 leads.MethodsThis is a cohort study of consecutive patients implanted with ICD DF‐4 lead system at one University Centre between October 2010 and February 2015. A historical control group of patients with ICD DF‐1 lead implantation was used for comparison. The following ICD DF‐4 leads were evaluated: St. Jude Medical Durata 7122Q (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA), Medtronic Sprint Quattro Secure 6935 M (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), Boston Scientific Endotak Reliance 4‐Site 0293 (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA), and Boston Scientific Reliance 4‐Front 0693. This study evaluated the acute and mid‐term performances of those leads as well as complications.ResultsA total of 812 patients (age 63 ± 12 years, 80% male, left ventricular ejection fraction 31 ± 12%) underwent implantation of an ICD DF‐4 lead. Acute and follow‐up R‐wave sensing and threshold were excellent. Compared to implantation, intrinsic R waves were higher at follow‐up for Boston Scientific and Medtronic leads, and pacing lead impedances were lower for all leads at first follow‐up (P < 0.001). The number of lead dislodgement or failure was similar between all leads. The estimated lead survival rates at 3 years were 95.6% for Boston Scientific Endotak 4‐Site, 97.1% for Boston Scientific 4‐Front, 97.7% for Medtronic Sprint Quattro, and 97.5% for St. Jude Durata (P = 0.553).ConclusionAll ICD DF‐4 leads had excellent acute and mid‐term electrical performances. Longer follow‐up will be necessary to confirm their sustained performance.
Distinct impacts of heart rate and right atrial‐pacing on left atrial mechanical activation and optimal AV delay in CRT
Authors: Kyriacou Andreas , Rajkumar Christopher A. , Pabari Punam A. , Sohaib S.M. Afzal , Willson Keith , Peters Nicholas S. , Lim Phang B. , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Hughes Alun D. , Mayet Jamil , Whinnett Zachary I. , Francis Darrel P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundControversy exists regarding how atrial activation mode and heart rate affect optimal atrioventricular (AV) delay in cardiac resynchronization therapy. We studied these questions using high‐reproducibility hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements.MethodsTwenty patients were hemodynamically optimized using noninvasive beat‐to‐beat blood pressure at rest (62 ± 11 beats/min), during exercise (80 ± 6 beats/min), and at three atrially paced rates: 5, 25, and 45 beats/min above rest, denoted as Apaced,r+5, Apaced,r+25, and Apaced,r+45, respectively. Left atrial myocardial motion and transmitral flow were timed echocardiographically.ResultsDuring atrial sensing, raising heart rate shortened optimal AV delay by 25 ± 6 ms (P < 0.001). During atrial pacing, raising heart rate from Apaced,r+5 to Apaced,r+25 shortened it by 16 ± 6 ms; Apaced,r+45 shortened it 17 ± 6 ms further (P < 0.001).In comparison to atrial‐sensed activation, atrial pacing lengthened optimal AV delay by 76 ± 6 ms (P < 0.0001) at rest, and at ∼20 beats/min faster, by 85 ± 7 ms (P < 0.0001), 9 ± 4 ms more (P = 0.017). Mechanically, atrial pacing delayed left atrial contraction by 63 ± 5 ms at rest and by 73 ± 5 ms (i.e., by 10 ± 5 ms more, P < 0.05) at ∼20 beats/min faster.Raising atrial rate by exercise advanced left atrial contraction by 7 ± 2 ms (P = 0.001). Raising it by atrial pacing did not (P = 0.2).ConclusionsHemodynamic optimal AV delay shortens with elevation of heart rate. It lengthens on switching from atrial‐sensed to atrial‐paced at the same rate, and echocardiography shows this sensed‐paced difference in optima results from a sensed‐paced difference in atrial electromechanical delay.The reason for the widening of the sensed‐paced difference in AV optimum may be physiological stimuli (e.g., adrenergic drive) advancing left atrial contraction during exercise but not with fast atrial pacing.
Ivabradine is an effective antiarrhythmic therapy for congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy during infancy: Case studies
Authors: Ergul Yakup , Ozturk Erkut , Ozgur Senem , Ozyurt Abdullah , Cilsal Erman , Guzeltas Alper 
Published: June 2018

AbstractJunctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a rare form of arrhythmia that is most commonly seen during infancy. JET is continuous and incessant, characterized by persistently high heart rates that may result in impaired cardiac function and tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy. Despite the availability of multiple antiarrhythmic treatments, including flecainide and amiodarone, management of JET is generally very difficult. Catheter ablation has a high risk of atrioventricular block and it may require the placement of a pacemaker. Ivabradine, also known as a cardiac pacemaker cell inhibitor, is a new‐generation antiarrhythmic used to treat sinus tachycardia and angina pectoris in adult patients. In this article, we present three cases of subjects with infantile congenital JET who were admitted to our clinic with a tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy. The age of the subjects ranged from 52 days to 10 months. Although the cases of tachycardia could not be controlled by multiple antiarrhythmics, including a combination of amiodarone and flecainide combined with either propranolol or digoxin, they were rapidly converted into sinus rhythm with an ivabradine treatment of 0.1–0.2 mg/kg/day. No cardiac or other side effects were observed during ivabradine treatment, and left ventricular functions and rhythms improved within 24 hours. These three cases therefore provide hope that ivabradine may be a suitable standard initial treatment for congenital JET. However, additional research is needed to confirm the validity of these results in other circumstances.