bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle analyses of alternative fibers for paper
Authors: Favero Alice , Thomas Valerie M. , Luettgen Christopher O. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study provides a quantitative and qualitative review of life cycle analyses of alternative fibers for paper production. Alternative fibers include both virgin fibers from rapidly renewable sources (hemp, flax, Arundo donax, bamboo, kenaf) and agricultural residues (wheat straw and bagasse). A comparison is made with conventional wood fibers, including northern and southern softwood and eucalyptus, and with recycled fiber. The evaluation characterizes the major environmental impacts of alternative fibers that have been identified in previous studies. The assessment of the literature indicates that a substantial portion of the environmental impacts of paper products is associated with the pulping and paper‐making processes across all fiber types. Alternative fibers may have somewhat different pulping impacts, although the differences are generally not large in the overall impacts of the life cycle.
Nutrient Enhancement of Corn Distillers Dried Grains by Addition of Coproducts of the Enzyme‐Assisted Aqueous Extraction Process of Soybeans in Corn Fermentation
Authors: Sekhon Jasreen K. , Rosentrater Kurt A. , Jung Stephanie , Wang Tong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCorn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are not nutritionally complete as a nonruminant ingredient owing to poor essential amino acid profile, and high fat and fiber contents. Coproducts of soybean enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction process, skim (wastewater) and insoluble fiber (IF; solid residue), and/or enzymes (pectinase, cellulase, and acid protease; referred to as PCF) were evaluated as distillers dried grains (DDG) nutritional quality enhancers in corn fermentation. Corn‐soy DDG had ~10% higher protein, ~3% lower fat, and ~2% lower fiber contents compared to corn DDG; fiber content was further reduced with PCF treatment (~4% total decrease). Concentrations of all essential amino acids in corn‐soy DDG showed at least a threefold increase, except for allo‐isoleucine and tryptophan, compared to corn DDG. Corn‐soy DDG had ~25% decrease in total fatty acid (TFA) and ~6% decrease in free fatty acid (FFA) contents compared to corn DDG; TFA and FFA contents further decreased with PCF treatment. Corn‐soy DDG had ~15%, 3%, and 1.7% lower hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents, respectively, compared to corn DDG; hemicellulose content further decreased with PCF treatment. Mineral composition of corn‐soy DDG was in the recommended range, except Na and S were out of range by 0.79% and 0.74%, respectively. All results, except for Na and S, suggest strong potential of using skim and IF as DDG nutritional quality enhancers.
Suspending Ion Electrocatalysts in Charged Metal–Organic Frameworks to Improve the Conductivity and Selectivity in Electroorganic Synthesis
Authors: Guo Wei‐Wei , Zhang Chi , Ye Ji‐Jie , Liu Zi‐Kun , Chen Kai , Wu Chuan‐De 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectroorganic synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional synthetic methods; however, the application of this strategy is heavily hindered by low product selectivity. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit high selectivity in numerous catalytic reactions; however, poor conductivity heavily limits the application of MOFs in electroorganic synthesis. To realize the electrocatalytic application of MOFs in selective electroorganic synthesis, a practically applicable strategy by suspending ion electrocatalysts in charged MOFs is herein reported. This approach could markedly improve the product selectivity in electroorganic synthesis. In the electrocatalytic oxidative self‐coupling of benzylamine experiments, the imine product selectivity is markedly improved from 61.3 to 94.9 %, when the MOF‐based electrocatalyst is used instead of the corresponding homogeneous electrocatalyst under the identical conditions. Therefore, this work opens a new route to improve the product selectivity in electroorganic synthesis.
Chemoselective Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Aminals Through the Umpolung Organocascade Reaction of α‐Imino Amides
Authors: Yoshida Yasushi , Omori Kazuki , Hiroshige Tomohiko , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChiral functionalized aminals are important core structures of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Their chemo‐ and regioselective catalytic, asymmetric synthesis has been realized through the umpolung reaction of α‐imino amides using a catalyst we originally developed. Functionalized aminals were prepared with high chemoselectivity by treating a hemiaminal intermediate with pyridine in butanol. Evaluation of substrate scope revealed that this transformation could be achieved with a wide range of α‐imino amides to produce the desired products in high yields with up to 97 % ee. A mechanistic study suggested that aminal formation proceeded through the ring opening/ring closing equilibrium of the hemiaminal skeleton.
Increased expression of ZNF 703 in breast cancer tissue: An opportunity for RNAi–NSAID combinatorial therapy
Authors: Marzbany Marzieh , Bishayee Anupam , Rasekhian Mahsa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to exhibit antitumor activities. Among the very well‐known oncogenes in breast cancer is zinc finger protein 703 (ZNF703) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). Numerous reports indicate a direct link among apoptosis resistance, chemotherapy resistance, and increased expression of ZNF703. In the present study, the expression level of ZNF703 was compared in human breast cancer tissue, healthy breast tissue, and MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line by a real‐time PCR. We also investigated the inhibitory effect of anti‐ZNF703 RNAi interference (RNAi) and ibuprofen, either individually or in combination, on MCF‐7 cell survival and apoptosis. Results showed a 93.3% and fourfold increase in the expression of ZNF703 in breast cancer tissue and MCF‐7 cell line, respectively. Ibuprofen inhibited the viability of MCF‐7 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Ibuprofen alone or in combination with anti‐ZNF703 RNA reduced the expression of ZNF703, induced apoptosis, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated BAX and LC3A in MCF‐7 cells. Our results show that the combination of ibuprofen and anti‐ZNF703 siRNA is more effective in promoting apoptosis than each treatment alone. We report that the combination of anti‐ZNF703 RNAi with ibuprofen as the inhibitor of COX‐2 is highly effective in inhibiting MCF‐7 as a breast cancer cell line and shows therapeutic potential for breast cancer.
Optimization of defined medium for recombinant Komagataella phaffii expressing cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Zhao Yixin , Li Mengla , Liu Taiyu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is an important enzyme for cyclodextrin (CD) production, and is also widely used in the biotechnology, food, and pharmaceuticals industries. Secretory CGTase production by recombinant Komagataella phaffii using defined medium is a promising approach because of low cost, less impurity protein. It was found that no CGTase was expressed using traditional defined medium (basal salt medium [BSM]) because of pH value decreasing significantly. CGTase was expressed by recombinant K. phaffii through pH maintenance in range of 5.5–7.0. β‐CGTase activity increased to 122.0 U/mL after optimization of glycerol, phosphate buffer, pH value, ammonium sulfate, temperature, methanol, and additives based on BSM, establishing a modified defined medium. These results showed that it was necessary to establish recombinant K. phaffii‐based special defined medium although the same host cell used for different heterologous protein expression.
Preclinical evaluation of an unconventional ruthenium‐gold‐based chemotherapeutic: RANCE‐1, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Elie Benelita T. , Hubbard Karen , Pechenyy Yuriy , Layek Buddhadev , Prabha Swayam , Contel Maria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are few effective treatments for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Recent findings indicate that ruthenium‐gold containing compounds exhibit significant antitumor efficacy against CCRCC in vitro affecting cell viability as well as angiogenesis and markers driving those 2 phenomena. However, no in vivo preclinical evaluation of this class of compounds has been reported.MethodsFollowing the dose‐finding pharmacokinetic determination, NOD.CB17‐Prkdc SCID/J mice bearing xenograft CCRCC Caki‐1 tumors were treated in an intervention trial for 21 days at 10 mg/kg/72h of RANCE‐1. At the end of the trial, tumor samples were analyzed for histopathological and changes in protein expression levels were assessed.ResultsAfter 21 days of treatment there was no significant change in tumor size in the RANCE‐1‐treated mice as compared to the starting size (+3.87%) (P = 0.082) while the vehicle treated mice exhibited a significant tumor size increase (+138%) (P < 0.01). There were no signs of pathological complications as a result of treatment. Significant reduction in the expression of VEGF, PDGF, FGF, EGFR, and HGRF, all key to the proliferation of tumor cells and stromal cells serving protumorigenic purposes was observed.ConclusionsThe tumor growth inhibition displayed and favorable pathology profile of RANCE‐1 makes it a promising candidate for further evaluation toward clinical use for the treatment of advanced CCRCC.
Homogenous Meets Heterogenous and Electro‐Catalysis: Iron‐Nitrogen Molecular Complexes within Carbon Materials for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Li Alain , Nicolae Sabina A. , Qiao Mo , Preuss Kathrin , Szilágyi Petra A. , Moores Audrey , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh activity, selectivity and recyclability are crucial parameters in the design of performant catalysts. Furthermore, depletion of platinum‐group metals (PGM) drives further research towards highly available metal‐based catalysts. In this framework, iron‐based active sites supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon materials (Fe/N@C) have been explored to tackle important applications in organic chemistry, for both oxidation and reduction of C−O/C−N bonds, as well as in electrocatalysis for energy applications. This versatile reactivity makes them ideal substitutes to PGM‐based catalysts, being based on abundant elements. Despite important advances in material science and characterisation techniques allowing the analysis of heterogeneous/electro‐ catalysts at the atomic scale, the nature of the catalytically active sites in Fe/N@C remains elusive. Most recent theoretical studies point at individual FeNx single sites as the origin of the catalytic activity. Although their identification is still challenging with current technology, establishing their real nature will foster further research on these PGM‐free and redox‐polyvalent catalysts. In this review, we provide an overview of their applications in both thermal and electrochemical processes. Throughout the review, we highlight the different characterisation techniques employed to gain insight into the catalyst's active sites.
Silver‐Induced [3+2] Cycloaddition of Isocyanides with Acyl Chlorides: Regioselective Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles
Authors: Liu Jian‐Quan , Shen Xuanyu , Shatskiy Andrey , Zhou Enlong , Kärkäs Markus D. , Wang Xiang‐Shan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA silver‐induced cycloaddition of isocyanides with acyl chlorides has been developed. This transition metal‐catalyzed strategy provides an effective and scalable approach for the formation of 2,5‐disubstituted oxazoles in good to high yields. The employed silver‐based MOF catalyst can be efficiently recycled without compromising the yield.
Aminomethyl Transfer (Mannich) Reactions Between an O‐Triethylsilylated Hemiaminal and Anilines, RnC6H5−nNH2 Leading to New Diamines, Triamines, Imines, or 1,3,5‐Triazines Dependent upon Substituent R
Authors: Jacintomoreno Anwar , Sharma Hemant K. , Metta‐Magaña Alejandro , Pannell Keith H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe reactions of the Mannich reagent Et3SiOCH2NMe2 (1) with a variety of anilines (mono‐substituted RC6H4NH2, R=H, 4‐CN, 4‐NO2, 4‐Ph, 4‐Me, 4‐MeO, 4‐Me2N; di‐substituted R2C6H3NH2, R2=3,5‐(CH3)2, 3,5‐(CF3)2; tri‐substituted R3C6H2NH2, R3=3,5‐Me2‐4‐Br and a “super bulky” aniline (Ar*NH2) [Ar*=2,6‐bis(diphenylmethyl)‐4‐tert‐butylphenyl]) led to the formation of a range of products dependent upon the substituent. With electron‐withdrawing substituents, previously unknown diamines, RC6H4NH(CH2NMe2) [R=CN (2 a), NO2 (2 b)] and R2C6H3NH(CH2NMe2) [R2=3,5‐(CF3)2 (2 c)] were formed. Further reaction of 2 a, b, c with 1 yielded the corresponding triamines RC6H4N(CH2NMe2)2 (R=CN (3 a), NO2 (3 b) and R2C6H3N(CH2NMe2)2, R2=3,5‐(CF3)2 (3 c). The new polyamines were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and for 2 a, 2 c, and 3 c, by single crystal XRD. In the case of electron‐donating groups, R=4‐OMe, 4‐NMe2, 4‐Me, 3,5‐Me2, 3,5‐Me2‐4‐Br, and for R=4‐Ph, the reactions with 1 immediately led to the formation of the related 1,3,5‐triazines, R=4‐MeO (5 a), 4‐Me2N (5 b), 4‐Me (5 c), 3,5‐Me2 (5 d), 3,5‐Me2‐4‐Br (5 e), 4‐Ph (5 f), 4‐Cl (5 g). The “super bulky” aniline rapidly produced a single product, namely the corresponding imine Ar*N=CH2 (4) which was also characterized by single crystal XRD. Imine 4 is both thermally and oxidatively stable. All reactions are very fast, thus based upon the presence of Si we are tempted to denote the reactions of 1 as examples of “Silick” chemistry.
Understanding the influence of microbial contamination on colour alteration of pigments used in wall paintings—The case of red and yellow ochres and ultramarine blue
Authors: Rosado Tânia , Falé Ana , Gil Milene , Mirão José , Candeias António , Caldeira Ana Teresa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article reports biocolonization assays carried out on yellow and red ochres and ultramarine blue pigments. These pigments have been most commonly used in traditional limewash of heritage buildings from southern Portugal (Alentejo) and, in the case of the yellow and red ochres, also in historical decorative wall paintings since Roman times. The research aim was to assess the potential role played by microorganisms in colour alterations observed in indoor and outdoor paint layers for conservation purposes.The assays accomplished several microorganisms previously isolated from degraded wall paintings with signs of biocontamination. The results show that apart from the clear physical stress induced in paint layers by the biometabolic activity, filamentous fungi, yeast, and bacteria are capable of inducing discoloration (in particular, the fungus Aspergillus niger). Raman analysis corroborates their active role in painting discolouration. This methodology, applied to bioprocesses, can be used as noninvasive methodology to signal microbial involvement.
The Intriguing Case of the One‐Photon and Two‐Photon Absorption of a Prototypical Symmetric Squaraine: Comparison of TDDFT and Wave‐Function Methods
Authors: Avila Ferrer Francisco J. , Angeli Celestino , Cerezo Javier , Coriani Sonia , Ferretti Alessandro , Santoro Fabrizio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe face the challenging description of the excited states responsible for one photon (OPA) and two photon (TPA) absorption in squaraine dyes, adopting both time‐dependent density functional theory and a large variety of post Hartree Fock methods, including coupled cluster and adiabatic diagrammatic construction methods (ADC, to the second and third order), symmetry adapted cluster configuration interaction (CI), CASSCF including second‐order perturbative corrections (PT2) with standard CASPT2 recipe and according to n‐electron valence PT2 (NEVPT2) approach, and an additional multireference CI with PT2 corrections (CI‐MRPT2). We selected a small prototypical symmetric squaraine dye for which these accurate computations are feasible and experimental data are available. We show that while all methods reasonably reproduce the OPA spectrum, an acceptable description and assignment of the states responsible for TPA is only possible through ADC(3) and multireference calculations, due to the strong involvement of double‐excitations. The nature of ground state and OPA and TPA states is investigated with a rigorous reading of the CASSCF wavefunctions in terms of localized molecular orbitals on the donor and acceptor fragments, showing that these states arise from a balance of many different contributions including biradical configurations, local excitations and charge‐transfer states where both side aromatic rings and the carbonyls of the squarylium moiety act as donors.
Sustainable social responsibility toward multiple stakeholders as a trump card for small and medium‐sized enterprise performance (evidence from China)
Authors: Khan Sher Zaman , Yang Qing , Khan Najib Ullah , Kherbachi Sonia , Huemann Martina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSustainable social responsibility (SSR) toward multiple stakeholders is proclaimed as an obligation of firms rather than a voluntary deed. Keeping in view the stipulation of sustainability, this paper examines the influence of SSR on sustainable competitive position (SCP) and firm performance (FP) in the context of 307 Chinese small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises. The results indicate a significant influence of aggregated and segregated SSR on SCP and FP. With the exception of SSR toward owners, the dimensions of SSR toward employees, the environment, the community, suppliers, and customers exhibit a significant positive influence on SCP and FP. Simultaneously, the results show that SCP has a mediating role in the relationship between SSR and FP. The findings of the study inculcate the managers to stretch substantial consideration to the interests of multiple stakeholders rather than owners only. Based on the evaluation, theoretical and practical implications are presented for managers, owners, and local governments.
The missing links? The indirect impacts of drivers on eco‐innovation
Authors: Keshminder JS , del Río Pablo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe drivers of eco‐innovation (EI) have been the focus of much research in the past. Some of these drivers have been external to the firm, such as regulation, whereas others have been internal, including its resources and capabilities and its environmental strategy. However, the analysis of the impact of those drivers on EI has too often been carried out as if they were separated from each other. In reality, the EI drivers are likely to interact. This paper tries to cover this gap in the literature using a holistic and integrated approach. Survey data from 97 chemical firms were analyzed using partial least squares to determine the critical drivers of EI and their interconnections. Our results indicate that, in fact, the impact of some drivers might not be direct but is mediated by their influence on other drivers. This is the case with environmental collaboration, environmental knowledge, green skills, consumer pressure, and export behavior, which have an indirect effect on EI through their impact on environmental strategies. Therefore, our results suggest that environmental strategy is a central mediator and a powerful driver for the entire model.
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid mimicking Hurthle cell neoplasm on cytology: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Agarwal Charu , Raychaudhuri Sujata , Batra Ashima , Pujani Mukta , Dhingra Shruti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMedullary carcinoma of thyroid (MCT) is a neuroendocrine neoplasm derived from the parafollicular cells or C cells. It constitutes 5% of thyroid carcinomas. We present a case of 36‐year‐old female with a left lower lobe thyroid swelling since 8 to 9 years. Swelling was smooth, nontender, and moving with deglutition. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) findings were suggestive of malignant thyroid nodule. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears were highly cellular comprising predominantly Hurthle cells arranged in sheets, clusters, and follicles with few singly scattered cells. Background was hemorrhagic with scant colloids. An impression of follicular neoplasm or suspicious of follicular neoplasm was given with an additional note mentioning that the possibility of Hurthle cell neoplasm could not be excluded. Left hemithyroidectomy was done and sections showed a well‐circumscribed tumor suggestive of MCT, which was confirmed based on immunohistochemistry for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen. It is difficult to differentiate MCT from Hurthle cell neoplasm. There may be cellular pleomorphism within a single aspirate, but the presence of mixed cell population is a diagnostic pointer for MCT. In the presence of predominant Hurthle cell population, distinguishing these entities by cytomorphology alone is difficult. Hence, clinical findings and histopathology with immunohistochemistry are mandatory in such cases to reach to a correct diagnosis to ensure proper management.
Determination of Paraquat Residues in Palm Oil by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV and Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Halim Norizah , Kuntom Ainie , Shinde Raviraj , Banerjee Kaushik 
Published: June 2019

This paper describes a method for determination of paraquat residues in palm oil products by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC‐UV) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The sample (5 g) is extracted with 10 mL ethyl acetate/deionized water and purified through a Strata X‐CW anion exchange solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. While using HPLC, the chromatographic separation is carried out using a reverse phase pentafluorophenyl column with the mobile phase comprising 95% water and 5% methanol with 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Analysis on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column did not require TFA. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for HPLC‐UV analysis are 0.025 μg mL−1 and 0.05 μg mL−1, respectively. The LC‐MS/MS method did not require an SPE clean‐up and provided an LOQ of 0.01 μg mL−1. The percentage recoveries at the fortification levels of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 mg kg−1 are between 70 and 120% with the precision RSD <20%. The matrix effects in LC‐MS/MS analysis are from 40 and 65%, while the recoveries are corrected by paraquat‐D6 as an internal standard. The optimized and validated method fulfills the criteria of DG‐SANTE guidelines and complied with the MRL requirements.Practical Applications: A simple method is reported for the quantitative analysis of paraquat in palm oil products by using HPLC equipped with UV and MS/MS detections. The optimized method fulfills the Codex guidelines on performance criteria for methods of analysis for the determination of pesticide residues in food and feed requirements and meet the Codex maximum residue level (CODEX MRL) in terms of analytical sensitivity and passed all criteria of European Commission's DG‐SANTE guideline (SANTE/11813/2017) of analytical quality control. The method will be useful for regulatory enforcement as well as high throughput commercial residue testing purposes.An efficient residue analysis method is reported for determination of paraquat in palm oil by HPLC‐UV and LC‐MS/MS techniques. The optimized method provides acceptable performance in terms of recoveries and precision as per the SANTE/11813/2017 guideline. The method sensitivity complies with the Codex MRL. The method is suitable for monitoring and enforcement of paraquat residues in a range of palm oil products. It holds promise for routine use in regulatory as well as commercial residue testing laboratories.