bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermentative Escherichia coli makes a substantial contribution to H2 production in coculture with phototrophic Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: Sangani Amee A , McCully Alexandra L , LaSarre Breah , McKinlay James B 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Individual species within microbial communities can combine their attributes to produce services that benefit society, such as the transformation of renewable resources into valuable chemicals. Under defined genetic and environmental conditions, fermentative Escherichia coli and phototrophic Rhodopseudomonas palustris exchange essential carbon and nitrogen, respectively, to establish a mutualistic relationship. In this relationship, each species produces H2 biofuel as a byproduct of its metabolism. However, the extent to which each species contributes to H2 production and the factors that influence their relative contributions were previously unknown. By comparing H2 yields in cocultures pairing R. palustris with either wild-type E. coli or a formate hydrogenlyase mutant that is incapable of H2 production, we determined the relative contribution of each species to total H2 production. Our results indicate that E. coli contributes between 32 and 86% of the H2 produced in coculture depending on the level of ammonium excreted by the R. palustris partner. The level of ammonium excretion influenced the time over which E. coliwas exposed to formate, the types of E. colifermentation products available to R. palustris, and the pH of the medium, all of which affected the contribution of each species to H2 production.
Toxoplasma gondii in vegetables from fields and farm storage facilities in the Czech Republic
Authors: Slany Michal , Dziedzinska Radka , Babak Vladimir , Kralik Petr , Moravkova Monika , Slana Iva 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii has usually been connected with consumption of improperly treated meat. However, contaminated water and products of plant origin have emerged as new sources of infection in the last few years. Here, 292 vegetable samples—carrot, cucumber and lettuce—obtained from nine farms in the Czech Republic were examined using triplex real time PCR targeting two specific T. gondii sequences. Irrigation water and water used for washing of vegetables were also included. Overall, a positivity rate of 9.6% was found in vegetables. The concentration varied between 1.31 × 100 and 9.00 × 102 oocysts/g of sample. A significant difference was found between the positivity of vegetables collected directly from fields and that of vegetables collected from farm storage rooms (4.4–8.6% vs 10–24.1%, respectively). All samples of irrigation water and water used to rinse vegetables were negative. Genotyping based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using seven markers revealed the exclusive presence of genotype II.
Thermosensitive hydrogels as a controlled release system for alkannin to improve localized treatment of Candida vaginitis after external beam radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Su Jin , Ma Jia , Mo Fei , Yang Xianwei , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Jiye 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
External beam radiotherapy increases the risk of Candida vaginitis in cervical cancer patients, which brings a lot of insufferable influence to their life. Here, we explored the efficacy of alkannin in the treatment of Candida vaginitis after external beam radiotherapy. We exploit thermosensitive hydrogel-mediated alkannin as the topical formulation in a rat model established in our work. Periodic acid-Schiff of vaginas indicated little Candida albicans adhered to the vaginal tissue in treatment group. Additionally, hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed that inflammatory response of high dose alkannin was reduced. Above all, the animal model was first established in our work for the clinical desire. Our results suggested the promising application of alkannin for the disease with satisfying fungicidal activity and anti-inflammatory activity.
Improvement of inhibitor tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of the quinone oxidoreductase family gene YCR102C
Authors: Chen Hongqi , Li Jie , Wan Chun , Fang Qing , Bai Fengwu , Zhao Xinqing 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used for lignocellulosic biorefinery. However, its fermentation efficiency is challenged by various inhibitors (e.g. weak acids, furfural) in the lignocellulosic hydrolysate, and acetic acid is commonly present as a major inhibitor. The effects of oxidoreductases on the inhibitor tolerance of S. cerevisiae have mainly focused on furfural and vanillin, whereas the influence of quinone oxidoreductase on acetic acid tolerance is still unknown. In this study, we show that overexpression of a quinone oxidoreductase-encoding gene, YCR102C, in S. cerevisiae, significantly enhanced ethanol production under acetic acid stress as well as in the inhibitor mixture, and also improved resistance to simultaneous stress of 40°C and 3.6 g/L acetic acid. Increased catalase activities, NADH/NAD+ ratio and contents of several metals, especially potassium, were observed by YCR102C overexpression under acetic acid stress. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the quinone oxidoreductase family protein is related to acid stress tolerance. Our study provides a novel strategy to increase lignocellulosic biorefinery efficiency using yeast cell factory.
Reverse genetic analysis of yeast YPR099C/MRPL51 reveals a critical role of both overlapping ORFs in respiratory growth and MRPL51 in mitochondrial DNA maintenance
Authors: Sahu Pushpendra Kumar , Salim Sagar , PP Mubthasima , Chauhan Sakshi , Tomar Raghuvir Singh 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome contains 6572 ORFs, of which 680 ORFs are classified as dubious ORFs. A dubious ORF is a small, noncoding, nonconserved ORF that overlaps with another ORF of the complementary strand. Our study characterizes a dubious/nondubious ORF pair, YPR099C/MRPL51, and shows the transcript and protein level expression of YPR099C. Its subcellular localization was observed in the mitochondria. The overlapping ORF, MRPL51, encodes a mitochondrial ribosomal protein of large subunit. Deletion of any ORF from YPR099C/MRPL51 pair induces common phenotypes, i.e. loss of mtDNA, lack of mitochondrial fusion and lack of respiratory growth, due to the double deletion (ypr099cΔ/Δmrpl51Δ/Δ) caused by sequence overlap. Hence, we created the single deletions of each ORF of the YPR099C/MRPL51 pair by an alternative approach to distinguish their phenotypes and identify the specific functions. Both the ORFs were found essential for the functional mitochondria and respiratory growth, but MRPL51 showed its specific requirement in mtDNA stability. The mechanism of mtDNA maintenance by Mrpl51 is probably Mhr1 dependent that physically interacts with Mrpl51 and also regulates mtDNA repair. Overall, our study provides strong evidence for the protein level expression of a dubious ORF YPR099C and the bifunctional role of Mrpl51 in mtDNA maintenance.
The Admissibility of Multiple Human Rights Complaints: Strasbourg and Geneva Compared
Authors: Deprez Christophe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article seeks to provide a comparative and up-to-date overview of the applicable rules and relevant practice of the European Court of Human Rights and of the United Nations Human Rights Committee on forum duplication in international human rights litigation. While specific inadmissibility clauses have been included in both the European Convention on Human Rights and the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights with a view to preventing multiple human rights petitions in relation to the same matter, their respective scopes differ. Moreover, the applicable normative framework has led to important—and diverging—judicial developments in Strasbourg and in Geneva, which may be of great significance in human rights practice and therefore deserve to be thoroughly addressed.
A Legal Analysis of a Crucial Element in Country Guidance Determinations: Country of Origin Information
Authors: Vogelaar Femke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines the use of Country of Origin Information (COI) by the Immigration and Asylum Chamber of the United Kingdom Upper Tribunal in country guidance determinations. The article assesses which standards regarding the use of COI are set by the Tribunal. Furthermore, it examines how these standards are applied by the Tribunal while it assesses the general situation or the situation of a particular group of persons at risk in Iran, Somalia, and Sri Lanka. The examination of country guidance determinations shows that the Tribunal’s assessments are based on a comprehensive range of COI, including information from expert witnesses, governmental agencies, United Nations agencies, non-governmental organizations, and news agencies. However, the country guidance determinations would benefit from a more uniform, structured approach to improve the transparency of the assessment of the reliability of information and the balancing process of COI. This would ensure a visibly ‘effectively comprehensive’ decision.1
Innovation considerations in merger control and unilateral conduct enforcement
Authors: Kokkoris Ioannis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Non-price considerations in merger control and unilateral conduct enforcement have been elements of the competition authorities’ assessment in the past few decades. Recently a revamped emphasis on such factors and in particular on the importance of innovation has characterized the European Commission’s enforcement practice. The article looks into merger control cases as well as two unilateral conduct cases (Microsoft and Google Shopping) and discusses the approach the European Commission has taken on the impact of concentrations as well as of abusive conducts on innovation. The article argues that the approach the European Commission takes in assessing innovation in merger control is pragmatic and appropriate for dynamic competition that characterizes innovative markets. In relation to the assessment of the harm on innovation in unilateral conduct cases, the article emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that prevents an adverse impact on innovation incentives of the dominant company while at the same time maintains a robust approach to competition harm induced by abusive conducts.
Warriors of Self-reliance: The Instrumentalization of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan
Authors: Easton-Calabria Evan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn striking contrast to most other refugee groups, Afghan refugees in Pakistan during the 1980s have primarily been understood as a successfully self-reliant population. However, little work has hitherto focused on the international assistance programmes that sought to support their everyday self-reliance. Drawing on extensive archival research, this article presents four phases of self-reliance assistance for Afghan refugees in Pakistan between 1979 and 1995, which correspond to shifts in broader economic trends from Keynesian economics to neoliberalism. At different times the practice of self-reliance assistance promoted large-scale collective employment, individual income-generation, protection for vulnerable populations unable to succeed in the market-based economy, and finally morphed into a form of self-governance through the ‘Afghanization’ of NGOs after the Cold War. These stages of self-reliance assistance encompass periods of humanitarian focus on so-called ‘refugee dependency syndrome’ and self-reliance as psycho-social support, holding parallels to the practice and discourse of contemporaneous Anglophone Western welfare systems. This article illuminates another chapter in the history of refugee self-reliance, and demonstrates the dynamism of self-reliance as both a concept and a practice.
‘He Who Has Eyes Let Him See’: Sartorial Choice and Soteriological Destiny in R. M. Ballantyne’s Jarwin and Cuffy
Authors: Fuller Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Many literary critics have dismissed R. M. Ballantyne’s fictions as artless evangelical propaganda. However, such a blanket denunciation fails to consider both the complexity of Ballantyne’s position in a fractured Scottish church and the ongoing debates among church members and elders about the purpose of and policies regarding foreign mission efforts. Using Jarwin and Cuffy (1878), I argue that Ballantyne’s fiction explores tensions as to the nature of personal salvation, the role of the Scottish church in missionary endeavours, and the necessity of an external presentation of the acceptance of the gospel, essential to much Pacific missionary writing. While Ballantyne is often remembered as having written stories which reinforce the dominant ideals of British colonialism and evangelical Protestantism, we must remember that these ideologies were far from stable concepts.
Wellness Approaches II
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
When considering deprescribing for a patient, in addition to personal, self-determined strategies, it is essential to evaluate the person’s interest in and potential benefit from specific modalities of psychotherapy, symptom support, and other clinical interventions—without necessarily implying that these alone are sufficient alternatives to the deprescribed treatment. This chapter further explores these adjunctive strategies for supporting people in the process of deprescribing; specifically those strategies typically housed in clinical settings, such as psychotherapy, peer support, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Particular attention is paid to the importance of sleep management in the deprescribing process and how to add supports in that area. In addition, briefly discussed are emerging, progressive and albeit controversial approaches such as open dialogue.
Parallel Evolution of Complex Centipede Venoms Revealed by Comparative Proteotranscriptomic Analyses
Authors: Jenner Ronald A , von Reumont Bjoern M , Campbell Lahcen I , Undheim Eivind A B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Centipedes are among the most ancient groups of venomous predatory arthropods. Extant species belong to five orders, but our understanding of the composition and evolution of centipede venoms is based almost exclusively on one order, Scolopendromorpha. To gain a broader and less biased understanding we performed a comparative proteotranscriptomic analysis of centipede venoms from all five orders, including the first venom profiles for the orders Lithobiomorpha, Craterostigmomorpha, and Geophilomorpha. Our results reveal an astonishing structural diversity of venom components, with 93 phylogenetically distinct protein and peptide families. Proteomically-annotated gene trees of these putative toxin families show that centipede venom composition is highly dynamic across macroevolutionary timescales, with numerous gene duplications as well as functional recruitments and losses of toxin gene families. Strikingly, not a single family is found in the venoms of representatives of all five orders, with 67 families being unique for single orders. Ancestral state reconstructions reveal that centipede venom originated as a simple cocktail comprising just four toxin families, with very little compositional evolution happening during the approximately 50 My before the living orders had diverged. Venom complexity then increased in parallel within the orders, with scolopendromorphs evolving particularly complex venoms. Our results show that even venoms composed of toxins evolving under the strong constraint of negative selection can have striking evolutionary plasticity on the compositional level. We show that the functional recruitments and losses of toxin families that shape centipede venom arsenals are not concentrated early in their evolutionary history, but happen frequently throughout.
Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure Among Concurrent Users (Co-Users) of Tobacco and Cannabis
Authors: Smith Danielle M , O’connor Richard J , Wei Binnian , Travers Mark , Hyland Andrew , Goniewicz Maciej L 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSmoking cannabis may potentially increase exposure to numerous toxic chemicals that are commonly associated with tobacco use. There is a paucity of data related to toxicant exposures among concurrent users of tobacco and cannabis (co-users).MethodsData are from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 1 Biomarker Restricted-Use Files. Analyses focused on adults who provided urine samples (N = 5859). Urine samples were analyzed for biomarkers of exposure to nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Using weighted linear regression, we compared adjusted geometric mean concentrations of 15 biomarkers between user groups of various tobacco product types according to their self-reported past 30-day cannabis use.ResultsPast 30-day cannabis use was similar across various types of tobacco product use subgroups (range: 13%–23%) and significantly more common compared to non-tobacco users (1.0%; p &lt; .001). Across all groups of tobacco users, those who co-used cannabis exhibited significantly higher concentrations of the biomarker of exposure to acrylonitrile (CYMA) compared to non-cannabis users (by 39%–464%). Tobacco–cannabis co-users also showed significantly elevated levels of the biomarker of exposure to acrylamide (AAMA) compared to exclusive tobacco users, and significantly higher exposure to many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (including fluorene and pyrene).ConclusionsCo-users exhibited higher concentrations for biomarkers of exposure to many combustion byproducts, compared to exclusive tobacco users. More robust measurements of cannabis use can address potential confounding in assessments of exposures to tobacco-related constituents, and potential health effects resulting from co-use.ImplicationsWith disproportionately greater rates of cannabis use occurring among tobacco users, it is critical to consider how concurrent cannabis use may influence health-related outcomes among smokers. Our findings suggest potential additive toxicant exposures among co-users of tobacco and cannabis. Lack of consideration and measurement of cannabis use in assessing tobacco-related exposures may confound estimates thought to be attributable to tobacco, particularly for non-specific biomarkers. Assessing tobacco and cannabis use in tandem will allow for more precise measurement of outcomes related to one or both substances, and can provide additional information on potential health effects related to co-use.
Trichosporon japonicum Fungemia and Ventricular Assist Device Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Otu Akaninyene , Calisti Giorgio , Richardson Malcolm D , Barnard James , Venkateswaran Rajamiyer , Vergidis Paschalis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrichosporon species are emerging opportunistic yeasts that cause life-threatening disseminated disease in severely immunocompromised patients. Trichosporon japonicum is a very rare cause of invasive trichosporonosis. We describe a case of Trichosporon japonicum fungemia in an immunocompetent patient with a transcutaneous biventricular assist device.
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VIII. A less biased view of the early co-evolution of black holes and host galaxies
Authors: Izumi Takuma , Onoue Masafusa , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Nagao Tohru , Strauss Michael A , Imanishi Masatoshi , Kashikawa Nobunari , Fujimoto Seiji , Kohno Kotaro , Toba Yoshiki , Umehata Hideki , Goto Tomotsugu , Ueda Yoshihiro , Shirakata Hikari , Silverman John D , Greene Jenny E , Harikane Yuichi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ikarashi Soh , Iono Daisuke , Iwasawa Kazushi , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Minezaki Takeo , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Tamura Yoichi , Tang Ji-Jia , Taniguchi Akio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present ALMA [C ii] line and far-infrared (FIR) continuum observations of three $z \gt 6$ low-luminosity quasars ($M_{\rm 1450} \gt -25$ mag) discovered by our Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The [C ii] line was detected in all three targets with luminosities of $(2.4\mbox{--}9.5) \times 10^8\, L_{\odot }$, about one order of magnitude smaller than optically luminous ($M_{\rm 1450} \lesssim -25$ mag) quasars. The FIR continuum luminosities range from $\lt 9 \times 10^{10}\, L_{\odot }$ (3 $\sigma$ limit) to ${\sim } 2 \times 10^{12}\, L_{\odot }$, indicating a wide range in star formation rates in these galaxies. Most of the HSC quasars studied thus far show [C ii]/ FIR luminosity ratios similar to local star-forming galaxies. Using the [C ii]-based dynamical mass ($M_{\rm dyn}$) as a surrogate for bulge stellar mass ($M_{\rm\, bulge}$), we find that a significant fraction of low-luminosity quasars are located on or even below the local $M_{\rm\, BH}$–$M_{\rm\, bulge}$ relation, particularly at the massive end of the galaxy mass distribution. In contrast, previous studies of optically luminous quasars have found that black holes are overmassive relative to the local relation. Given the low luminosities of our targets, we are exploring the nature of the early co-evolution of supermassive black holes and their hosts in a less biased way. Almost all of the quasars presented in this work are growing their black hole mass at a much higher pace at $z \sim 6$ than the parallel growth model, in which supermassive black holes and their hosts grow simultaneously to match the local $M_{\rm\, BH}$–$M_{\rm\, bulge}$ relation at all redshifts. As the low-luminosity quasars appear to realize the local co-evolutionary relation even at $z \sim 6$, they should have experienced vigorous starbursts prior to the currently observed quasar phase to catch up with the relation.
Are Negative Symptoms Merely the “Real World” Consequences of Deficits in Social Cognition?
Authors: Pelletier-Baldelli Andrea , Holt Daphne J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Many investigations have demonstrated that negative symptoms and social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia play a large role in determining functional outcomes and ultimately long-term prognosis. Given this, there is increasing interest in understanding the relationship between these two symptom domains, particularly since studies have consistently found moderate to large associations between them. This shared variance raises a key question: to what degree do these two categories of symptoms arise from overlapping or identical changes in brain function? In other words, do some or all negative symptoms represent merely the downstream effects of social cognition deficits on daily functioning? In this commentary, the evidence for and against this possibility, limitations of currently validated empirical measurements of these symptoms, and directions for further investigation of this hypothesis are discussed. Understanding the shared and distinct mechanisms of these disabling deficits will have important implications for the design of novel, personalized treatments for psychotic illness.
Race, Gender, and Poverty Governance: The Case of the U.S. Child Welfare System
Authors: Woodward Kerry C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article argues that the U.S. child welfare system is a primary institution of racialized and gendered poverty governance, operating at the nexus of the assistive and punitive arms of the state. With attention to the ways race and gender structure the child welfare system, I apply the concept of neoliberal paternalism to examine state efforts to reform “bad” parents into “good neoliberal citizen-parents.” I highlight the increasingly decentralized and privatized child welfare workforce and its effects on governance. Finally, I explore the contradictions around expectations of “self-sufficiency.”