bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of lay beliefs about group transgressions in acceptance of responsibility for ingroup harm‐doing
Authors: Bilali Rezarta , Iqbal Yeshim , Erisen Cengiz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDenial of responsibility by perpetrator groups is the most common response to group‐based transgressions. Refusal to acknowledge responsibility has dire consequences for intergroup relations. In this research we assessed whether shifting lay beliefs about group‐based transgressions in general influences acceptance of responsibility for a specific ingroup transgression. In two experimental studies we manipulated lay beliefs about group transgressions as reflecting either a group's stable character (i.e., a global defect construal) or a specific characteristic (i.e., a specific defect construal). Specific defect construals (compared to global defect construals) increased acceptance of ingroup responsibility by increasing group malleability beliefs, but reduced acceptance of ingroup responsibility by reducing the ingroup's perceived moral failure. These effects were moderated by ingroup superiority in Study 1, but not Study 2. We draw implications for our understanding of mechanisms of denial of responsibility, identity threat, and coping with this threat.
Modeling the relationship between the influencing factors and the multiple responses of coal‐like materials using Taguchi‐Gray correlation analysis for their utilization in gas seepage studies
Authors: Li Qingmiao , Liang Yunpei , Zou Quanle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCoal‐like sampling obtained through compression molding is an important application of powder compression molding technology in mining engineering. To obtain ideal coal‐like samples for the revelation of the seepage property of low‐permeability soft coals, gas seepage studies, which utilized the Taguchi method, were performed on coal‐like materials with different particle sizes, activated carbon weight, Portland cement weight, and forming pressure. The effect of a single factor on the fluid‐solid coupling property of coal‐like materials was analyzed. The results indicate that the permeability and axial stress curves that correlated with strain in the conventional triaxial tests can be divided into three clear phases, and that layered damage appears in all tested specimens. The stress‐permeability relationship model of coal‐like materials is proposed. The influence of process parameters on the strength and permeability of coal briquettes during gas seepage tests was experimentally investigated. The Taguchi method and gray correlation analysis were integrated to determine the best combination of input factors through the key indicator of the gray relational grade, which is required to satisfy multiple quality goals in gas seepage coal‐like materials. The contribution percentage of the input factors to the outputs was determined using analysis of variance; it indicated that coal particle size was the prominent influencing parameter followed by activated carbon, forming pressure, and Portland cement.
Altered ability to access a clinically relevant control network in patients remitted from major depressive disorder
Authors: Figueroa Caroline A. , Cabral Joana , Mocking Roel J. T. , Rapuano Kristina M. , van Hartevelt Tim J. , Deco Gustavo , Expert Paul , Schene Aart H. , Kringelbach Morten L. , Ruhé Henricus G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNeurobiological models to explain vulnerability of major depressive disorder (MDD) are scarce and previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies mostly examined “static” functional connectivity (FC). Knowing that FC constantly evolves over time, it becomes important to assess how FC dynamically differs in remitted‐MDD patients vulnerable for new depressive episodes. Using a recently developed method to examine dynamic FC, we characterized re‐emerging FC states during rest in 51 antidepressant‐free MDD patients at high risk of recurrence (≥2 previous episodes), and 35 healthy controls. We examined differences in occurrence, duration, and switching profiles of FC states after neutral and sad mood induction. Remitted MDD patients showed a decreased probability of an FC state (p < 0.005) consisting of an extensive network connecting frontal areas—important for cognitive control—with default mode network, striatum, and salience areas, involved in emotional and self‐referential processing. Even when this FC state was observed in patients, it lasted shorter (p < 0.005) and was less likely to switch to a smaller prefrontal–striatum network (p < 0.005). Differences between patients and controls decreased after sad mood induction. Further, the duration of this FC state increased in remitted patients after sad mood induction but not in controls (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest reduced ability of remitted‐MDD patients, in neutral mood, to access a clinically relevant control network involved in the interplay between externally and internally oriented attention. When recovering from sad mood, remitted recurrent MDD appears to employ a compensatory mechanism to access this FC state. This study provides a novel neurobiological profile of MDD vulnerability.
The effect of mental countermeasures on neuroimaging‐based concealed information tests
Authors: Hsu Chun‐Wei , Begliomini Chiara , Dall'Acqua Tommaso , Ganis Giorgio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring the last decade and a half, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to determine whether it is possible to detect concealed knowledge by examining brain activation patterns, with mixed results. Concealed information tests rely on the logic that a familiar item (probe) elicits a stronger response than unfamiliar, but otherwise comparable items (irrelevants). Previous work has shown that physical countermeasures can artificially modulate neural responses in concealed information tests, decreasing the accuracy of these methods. However, the question remains as to whether purely mental countermeasures, which are much more difficult to detect than physical ones, can also be effective. An fMRI study was conducted to address this question by assessing the effect of attentional countermeasures on the accuracy of the classification between knowledge and no‐knowledge cases using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results replicate previous work and show reliable group activation differences between the probe and the irrelevants in fronto‐parietal networks. Critically, classification accuracy was generally reduced by the mental countermeasures, but only significantly so with region of interest analyses (both univariate and multivariate). For whole‐brain analyses, classification accuracy was relatively low, but it was not significantly reduced by the countermeasures. These results indicate that mental countermeasure need to be addressed before these paradigms can be used in applied settings and that methods to defeat countermeasures, or at least to detect their use, need to be developed.Highlights

FMRI‐based concealed information tests are vulnerable to mental countermeasures
Measures based on regions of interest are affected by mental countermeasures
Whole‐brain analyses may be more robust than region of interest ones
Methods to detect mental countermeasure use are needed for forensic applications
Microstructural changes of the dentato‐rubro‐thalamic tract after transcranial MR guided focused ultrasound ablation of the posteroventral VIM in essential tremor
Authors: Pineda‐Pardo Jose A. , Martínez‐Fernández Raul , Rodríguez‐Rojas Rafael , Del‐Alamo Marta , Hernández Frida , Foffani Guglielmo , Dileone Michele , Máñez‐Miró Jorge U. , De Luis‐Pastor Esther , Vela Lydia , Obeso José A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEssential tremor is the most common movement disorder in adults. In patients who are not responsive to medical treatment, functional neurosurgery and, more recently, transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy are considered effective therapeutic approaches. However, the structural brain changes following a thalamotomy that mediates the clinical improvement are still unclear. In here diffusion weighted images were acquired in a cohort of 24 essential tremor patients before and 3 months after unilateral transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy targeting at the posteroventral part of the VIM. Microstructural changes along the DRTT were quantified by means of probabilistic tractography, and later related to the clinical improvement of the patients at 3‐months and at 1‐year after the intervention. In addition the changes along two neighboring tracts, that is, the corticospinal tract and the medial lemniscus, were assessed, as well as the relation between these changes and the presence of side effects. Thalamic lesions produced local and distant alterations along the trajectory of the DRTT, and each correlated with clinical improvement. Regarding side effects, gait imbalance after thalamotomy was associated with greater impact on the DRTT, whereas the presence of paresthesias was significantly related to a higher overlap between the lesion and the medial lemniscus. This work represents the largest series describing the microstructural changes following transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy in essential tremor. These results suggest that clinical benefits are specific for the impact on the cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical pathway, thus reaffirming the potential of tractography to aid thalamotomy targeting.
Tracking the acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments during a bimanual load‐lifting task: A MEG study
Authors: Di Rienzo Franck , Barlaam Fanny , Daligault Sébastien , Delpuech Claude , Roy Alice C. , Bertrand Olivier , Jerbi Karim , Schmitz Christina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring bimanual coordination, that is, manipulating with the dominant hand an object held by the postural hand, anticipatory postural adjustments are required to cancel the perturbations and ensure postural stabilization. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated changes mediating the acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments during a bimanual load‐lifting task. Participants lifted a load with their right hand, hence triggering the fall of a second load fixed to their left (postural) forearm. During Acquisition, the onset of load‐lifting and the fall of the second load were experimentally delayed after few trials. During Control, load‐lifting triggered the fall of the second load without delay. Upward elbow rotation decreased with trial repetition during Acquisition, hence attesting the ongoing acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments. Bilateral event‐related desynchronisation (ERD) of the alpha rhythm (8–12 Hz) was recorded. Generators of the mu rhythm were found within central and associative motor regions. Their spatial distribution within the hemisphere contralateral to the load‐lifting arm was less refined and circumscribed during Acquisition compared to Control. Regression analyses emphasized the specific involvement of the precuneus in the right hemisphere contralateral to the postural forearm, and a medial prefrontal region in the left hemisphere. Analyses of the time course power showed that an increase in preunloading activation within the precuneus and a decrease in postunloading inhibition within the medial prefrontal region were associated with the acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments. The study provides original insights into cortical activations mediating the progressive tuning of anticipatory postural adjustments during the acquisition stage of motor learning.
Health insurance and opioid deaths: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act young adult provision
Authors: Wettstein Gal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe concurrence of health insurance expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and increasing opioid‐related mortality has led to debate whether insurance increases or decreases opioid deaths. I use the introduction of the ACA young adult (YA) provision as a quasi‐experiment and utilize the resulting policy‐induced variation across states over time in YA access to insurance to study the effect of coverage on opioid‐related mortality. I rely on the share of state populations which stood to gain insurance before the ACA to perform a dose–response analysis, and find that the YA provision reduced opioid‐related mortality. The analysis suggests that 1 percentage point more coverage reduced opioid mortality among YA by 2.5/100,000 or 19.8%.
Nonstationary self‐similar Gaussian processes as scaling limits of power‐law shot noise processes and generalizations of fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Pang Guodong , Taqqu Murad S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study shot noise processes with Poisson arrivals and nonstationary noises. The noises are conditionally independent given the arrival times, but the distribution of each noise does depend on its arrival time. We establish scaling limits for such shot noise processes in two situations: (a) the conditional variance functions of the noises have a power law and (b) the conditional noise distributions are piecewise. In both cases, the limit processes are self‐similar Gaussian with nonstationary increments. Motivated by these processes, we introduce new classes of self‐similar Gaussian processes with nonstationary increments, via the time‐domain integral representation, which are natural generalizations of fractional Brownian motions.
Regulation of Osteosclerosis by Inoculated Cd133+ PC3 Cells in Bone‐marrow Microenvironmental Niches
Authors: Kim Donghwi , Ko Youngjong , Park Mineon , Kim Bora , Sohn HongMoon , Lim Wonbong 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBone is the most common site of prostate cancer (PC) metastasis. Studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with stemness characteristics, providing some support for the concept that CSCs act as osteosclerotic precursors in bone microenvironmental niches. Here, we asked whether ectopic overexpression of CD133 maintains stability of CSCs in human PC cell lines and induces the changes of molecular features in the bone microenvironment. Ectopic overexpression of CD133 in PC3 or DU145 cells led to increased expression of ALDHA1, OCT4, and NANOG, enhanced colony‐forming ability, and increased ALDH activity. In addition, micro‐CT imaging, confocal microscopy, and H&E staining of mouse tissue confirmed that CD133 overexpression in PC3 and DU145 led to marked osteolytic bone tumor. However, expression of osteoblastic markers such as collagen type I, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin (OC) at the tumor margin of CD133‐overexpressing PC3 tumors in mouse tibiae was higher than that of CD133‐overexpressing DU145 tumors with osteosclerotic molecular features. In addition, expression of osteopontin (OPN) mRNA/protein by CD133‐overexpressing PC3 cells was higher than that by DU145 cells. Especially, conditioned medium (CM) from PC3CD133+ cells increased osterix (OSX) activity in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), resulting in increased expression of OC mRNA/protein resulted in increased staining of mineralized matrix by Alizarin red. However, CM from OPN silenced PC3CD133+ cells led to a reduction of OC mRNA and protein expression through OSX activity resulted in reduced amount of mineralized matrix. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CD133 plays a functional role in regulating CSC characteristics in PCs and modulates their abilities in which induce the osteosclerosis of BMSCs. In addition, OPN from CSCs acts as a niche component that promotes osteosclerosis by supporting osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. © 2019 The Authors JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs as Orthobiologics for Skeletal Fractures
Authors: Hadjiargyrou Michael , Komatsu David E 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The repair of a fractured bone is critical to the well-being of humans. Failure of the repair process to proceed normally can lead to complicated fractures, exemplified by either a delay in union or a complete nonunion. Both of these conditions lead to pain, the possibility of additional surgery, and impairment of life quality. Additionally, work productivity decreases, income is reduced, and treatment costs increase, resulting in financial hardship. Thus, developing effective treatments for these difficult fractures or even accelerating the normal physiological repair process is warranted. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, can serve as key regulatory molecules of fracture repair. In this review, a brief description of the fracture repair process and miRNA biogenesis is presented, as well as a summary of our current knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs in physiological fracture repair, osteoporotic fractures, and bone defect healing. Further, miRNA polymorphisms associated with fractures, miRNA presence in exosomes, and miRNAs as potential therapeutic orthobiologics are also discussed. This is a timely review as several miRNA-based therapeutics have recently entered clinical trials for nonskeletal applications and thus it is incumbent upon bone researchers to explore whether miRNAs can become the next class of orthobiologics for the treatment of skeletal fractures.
The effects of osmium tetroxide post‐fixation and drying steps on leafy liverwort ultrastructure study by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Dwiranti Astari , Masri Furqannul , Rahmayenti Desandra Aulia , Putrika Afiatry 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLeafy liverwort is one of the most abundant and diverse plants in Indonesia. Their high variation and beneficial secondary metabolites contained in the oil bodies have attracted researchers' attention. The ultrastructural analysis of leafy liverworts is important as a means of species identification and also for further exploration of their oil bodies. However, the optimization of the preparation steps for observing leafy liverworts by SEM is necessary to avoid sample destruction. Fixation and drying play important roles in maintaining a sample's structure as close to its natural state as possible. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effect of 4% Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) and drying on leafy liverworts ultrastructure. Microlejeunea, Acrolejeunea, and Frullania were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Some samples were then post‐fixed with 4% OsO4, while the rest were directly dehydrated with an ethanol series and then subjected to different drying methods, i.e. air drying, freeze drying, and drying with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). According to the data obtained, post‐fixation with 4% OsO4 could better maintain the integrity of the samples and enhance the contrast of leafy liverwort SEM images. In addition, samples dried with HMDS showed more detailed structures compared to those that were air dried. Different ultrastructure were found among the different leafy liverworts observed by SEM. Our data suggested the advantages of SEM in providing ultrastructure information on leafy liverworts as well as the optimum conditions to observe them with less deformation.OsO4 post‐fixation could enhance the contrast of leafy liverwort SEM images and maintain the structure of the samples. Drying with HMDS provided a convenient way for rapid SEM preparation with less structural distortion.
Rhinoviruses in infancy and risk of immunoglobulin E sensitization
Authors: Korhonen Laura , Oikarinen Sami , Lehtonen Jussi , Mustonen Neea , Tyni Iiris , Niemelä Onni , Honkanen Hanna , Huhtala Heini , Ilonen Jorma , Hämäläinen Anu‐Maaria , Peet Aleksandr , Tillmann Vallo , Siljander Heli , Knip Mikael , Lönnrot Maria , Hyöty Heikki ,   on behalf of the DIABIMMUNE Study Group
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrevious data about the role of viruses in the development of allergic immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization are contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the possible associations between exposure to different viruses (rhinovirus, enterovirus, norovirus, and parechovirus) during the first year of life and IgE sensitization. Viruses were analyzed from stool samples collected monthly from infants participating in a prospective birth cohort study. From that study, 244 IgE sensitized case children and 244 nonsensitized control children were identified based on their allergen‐specific IgE antibody levels at the age of 6, 18, and 36 months. Stool samples (n = 4576) from the case and control children were screened for the presence of rhinovirus, enterovirus, norovirus, and parechovirus RNA by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The study showed that rhinovirus was the most prevalent virus detected, present in 921 (20%) samples. None of the viruses were associated with IgE sensitization in the full cohort but after stratifying by sex, the number of rhinovirus positive samples was inversely associated with IgE sensitization in boys (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69‐0.94; P = 0.006). There was also a temporal relation between rhinoviruses and IgE sensitization, as rhinovirus exposure during the first 6 months of life was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent IgE sensitization in boys (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.6‐0.94; P = 0.016). In conclusion, early exposure to rhinoviruses was inversely associated with IgE sensitization but this protective association was restricted to boys.
The optimal number of lymph nodes to evaluate among patients undergoing surgery for gallbladder cancer: Correlating the number of nodes removed with survival in 6531 patients
Authors: Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Hyer J. Madison , Paredes Anghela Z. , Moris Dimitrios , Beal Eliza W. , Merath Katiuscha , Mehta Rittal , Ejaz Aslam , Cloyd Jordan M. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the current study was to identify the minimum number and the optimal range of lymph nodes (LNs) to be examined among patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC).MethodsBetween January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2015, patients with a diagnosis of GBC were identified in the National Cancer Database. A machine‐based learning approach was used to identify the minimum number and range of LNs to evaluate relative to long‐term outcomes.ResultsAmong 6531 patients with GBC, median number of LNs evaluated was 2 (IQR:1‐5); only 21.1% (n = 1376) of patients had 6 or more LNs evaluated. The median number of metastatic LNs was 0 (IQR: 0‐1). On multivariable analysis, evaluation of < 4 LNs was associated with a higher hazard of death (referent 4‐7 LNs: < 4 LNs, HR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.16‐1.40; P < 0.001), whereas, patients who had 4 to 7 LNs and > 7 LNs evaluated had comparable long‐term mortality risk (HR = 1.10, 95%CI, 0.98‐1.24; P = 0.11). There was no difference in the proportion of patients who had at least one metastatic LN identified per T category based on total number of nodes resected (all P > 0.05).ConclusionThe overwhelming majority of patients did not have the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) recommended 6 total LN count . A machine‐based learning approach identified evaluation of 4 to 7 LNs as the LN number associated with optimal staging and survival. While obtaining 6 LNs may be challenging, evaluation of at least 4 LNs may be a more appropriate threshold as this cut‐off value was associated with optimal patient outcomes and staging.