bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline Impedance Measured During High-resolution Esophageal Impedance Manometry in Patients With Rumination Syndrome is as Abnormal as in Patients With GERD
Authors: Halland Magnus , Ravi Karthik , Nelson Holly A , Katzka David A. , Talley Nicholas J , Crowell Michael D. 
Published: December 2018

Goals and Background:
Baseline impedance measured during high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) can distinguish patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) from controls, presumably due to differences in esophageal acid exposure. The characteristics of regurgitation and reflux in rumination syndrome and GERD are very different, and thus we investigated whether baseline esophageal impedance would differ in these 2 patient groups compared with controls.

Study:
We compared 20 patients with rumination syndrome with 20 patients who had GERD and 40 controls. Baseline impedance was measured over 15 seconds during the landmark period of HRIM in all 18 impedance sensors on a HRIM catheter.

Results:
The mean distal baseline impedance measured in ohms during HRIM was 1336 Ω [95% confidence interval (CI)=799, 1873) in patients with GERD, 1536 Ω in rumination syndrome (95% CI=1012, 2061), and 3379 Ω in controls (95% CI=2999, 3759) (P<0.0001). Proximal impedance was significantly lower in the GERD and rumination groups compared with controls; rumination syndrome (2026; 95% CI=1493, 2559 Ω), GERD (2572; 95% CI=2027, 3118 Ω), and controls (3412; 95% CI=3026, 3798 Ω) (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Baseline impedance measured during HRIM in patients with rumination syndrome is significantly lower than controls and appears similar to patients with GERD both in the proximal and distal esophagus. These findings suggest that the postprandial regurgitation in rumination syndrome alters both the distal and proximal esophageal mucosal barrier.
Self-Injurious Behavior in a Patient With Dementia
Authors: Gardizi Elmar , MacKillop Emily , Gaind Gagan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) has frequently been associated with psychiatric illness and neurological lesions as means of reducing tension or diverting from pain. However, these explanations did not capture the complexity of SIB in the case of Mr. X, a 62-year-old patient who ingested his fingers in his sleep where cognitive testing was valuable in informing diagnosis. Mr. X's SIB was severe enough that he had chewed beyond the middle phalanx for most of his fingers. Clinical symptoms included daytime sleepiness, hypnogogic hallucinations, and bradykinesia. His cognitive profile revealed declines in his intellectual functioning as well as visuospatial and executive deficits in the context of preserved attention, language, and memory. His cognitive and clinical presentation suggested that Mr. X had a neurodegenerative disorder, which may have contributed to his SIB. We believed that the most probable diagnosis may have been rapid eye movement behavioral sleep disorder in the context of Lewy bodies dementia.
Nonimmunologic Donor-Recipient Pairing, HLA Matching, and Graft Loss in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Vinson Amanda Jean , Kiberd Bryce A. , Davis Roger B. , Tennankore Karthik K. 
Published: December 2018

Background
In kidney transplantation, nonimmunologic donor-recipient (D-R) pairing is generally not given the same consideration as immunologic matching. The aim of this study was to determine how nonimmunologic D-R pairing relates to independent donor and recipient factors, and to immunologic HLA match for predicting graft loss.

Methods
Seven D-R pairings (race, sex, age, weight, height, cytomegalovirus serostatus, and HLA match) were assessed for their association with the composite outcome of death or kidney graft loss using a Cox regression-based forward stepwise selection model. The best model for predicting graft loss (including nonimmunologic D-R pairings, independent D-R factors, and/or HLA match status) was determined using the Akaike Information Criterion.

Results
Twenty three thousand two hundred sixty two (29.9%) people in the derivation data set and 9892 (29.7%) in the validation data set developed the composite outcome of death or graft loss. A model that included both independent and D-R pairing variables best predicted graft loss. The c-indices for the derivation and validation models were 0.626 and 0.629, respectively. Size mismatch (MM) between donor and recipient (>30 kg [D < R} and >15 cm [D < R]) was associated with poor patient and graft survival even with 0 HLA MM, and conversely, an optimal D-R size pairing mitigated the risk of graft loss seen with 6 HLA MM.

Conclusions
D-R pairing is valuable in predicting patient and graft outcomes after kidney transplant. D-R size matching could offset the benefit and harm seen with 0 and 6 HLA MM, respectively. This is a novel finding.
Sex-dependent differences in pain and sleep in a porcine model of Neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Khanna Rajesh , Moutal Aubin , White Katherine A. , Chefdeville Aude , Negrao de Assis Pedro , Cai Song , Swier Vicki J. , Bellampalli Shreya S. , Giunta Marissa D. , Darbro Benjamin W. , Quelle Dawn E. , Sieren Jessica C. , Wallace Margaret R. , Rogers Christopher S. , Meyerholz David K. , Weimer Jill M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder resulting from germline mutations in the NF1 gene, which encodes neurofibromin. Patients experience a variety of symptoms, but pain in the context of NF1 remains largely underrecognized. Here, we characterize nociceptive signaling and pain behaviors in a miniswine harboring a disruptive NF1 mutation (exon 42 deletion). We explore these phenotypes in relationship to collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), a known interactor of neurofibromin. Mechanistically, we found two previously unknown phosphorylated residues of CRMP2 in NF1+/ex42del pig dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and replicated increased voltage-gated calcium channel currents in NF1+/ex42del pig DRGs previously described in rodent models of NF1. We present the first characterization of pain-related behaviors in a pig model of NF1, identifying unchanged agitation scores, lower tactile thresholds (allodynia), and decreased response latencies to thermal laser stimulation (hyperalgesia) in the NF1 mutant animals; NF1+/ex42del pigs demonstrated sexually dimorphic behaviors. NF1+/ex42del pigs showed reduced sleep quality and increased resting, two health-related quality of life symptoms found to be comorbid in people with NF1 pain. Finally, we show decreased depolarization-evoked calcium influx in both wildtype and NF1+/ex42del pig DRGs treated with CRMP2 phosphorylation inhibitor (5)-lacosamide. Our data supports use of NF1+/ex42del pigs as an ideal model for studying NF1-associated pain and are a better model for understanding the pathophysiology of NF1 compared to rodents. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that interfering with CRMP2 phosphorylation might be a promising therapeutic strategy for NF1-related pain management.
Theory of concentric β-barrel structures: models of amyloid beta 42 oligomers, annular protofibrils, and transmembrane channels
Authors: Durell Stewart R. , Kayed Rakez , Guy H. Robert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are a major contributor to Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, our group proposed molecular models of Aβ42 hexamers with two concentric antiparallel β-barrels that act as seeds from which dodecamers, octadecamers, both smooth and beaded annular protofibrils, and transmembrane channels form. Since then, numerous aspects of our models have been supported by experimental findings. Here we develop a more extensive range of models to be consistent with dimensions of assemblies observed in electron microscopy images of annular protofibrils and transmembrane assemblies. These models have the following features: Dodecamers with 2-concentric β-barrels are the major components of beaded annular protofibrils (bAPFs). These beads merge to form smooth annular protofibrils (sAPFs) that have three or four concentric β-barrels. Channels form from two to nine hexamers. Antiparallel C-terminus S3 segments form an outer transmembrane β-barrel. Half of the monomers of vertically asymmetric 12mer to 36mer channels form parallel transmembrane S2 β-barrels, and S1-S2 (N-terminus and middle) segments of the other half of the monomers form aqueous domains on the cis side of the membrane. Unit cells of 42-54mers have two more transmembrane S2 segments, with four concentric β-barrels in the transmembrane region and two concentric β-barrels on the cis side of the membrane.
Intentional interprofessional leadership in maternal and child health
Authors: McGrath Eileen Romer , Bacso Devon R. , Andrews Jennifer G. , Rice Sydney A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to describe an interprofessional leadership training program curriculum implemented by a new maternal and child health leadership training program, its collaboration with a well-established leadership consortium, the measures taken to evaluate this training and implications for other leadership programs.

Design/methodology/approach
The intentional leadership program weaves together the complementary core threads to create strong sets of skills in the areas of personal leadership, leading and influencing others and creating effective interprofessional partnerships with others around women and children’s health.

Findings
The strong emphasis on the incorporation of leadership competencies coupled with evidence-based leadership training strengthens students’ clinical skills, enhances workforce development and increases interdisciplinary health care practices.

Research limitations/implications
The findings presented in this paper are limited to self-reported changes in understanding components of leadership skills for self, others and the wider community and attitudes and beliefs related to interdisciplinary training and interprofessional team decision-making.

Social implications
The in-depth focus on one’s self, teams and on the wider community enhances each individual’s grasp of how people and organizations approach women and children’s health challenges and strengthens their ability to negotiate among the diverse disciplines and cultures.

Originality/value
This paper details the intentional incorporation of leadership skill development throughout an academic program and brings to focus the importance of thoughtful leadership development to prepare participants to anticipate, manage and take advantage of changes in knowledge and health care delivery systems.
The potential for greater use of meta-analysis in archival auditing research
Authors: Hay David 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the increasing potential demand for meta-analysis studies in auditing. The paper includes a review of a new technique and meta-regression analysis, and explains its advantages in comparison to meta-analysis techniques used in prior auditing research. It also discusses opportunities for applying meta-analysis to auditing topics and potential pitfalls.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a review and commentary on meta-analysis techniques used in auditing research, especially for meta-analyses of empirical archival studies that use regression models.

Findings
There is now considerable potential for meta-analysis to have an impact on auditing policy and regulation. Researchers using meta-analysis should make use of the most current techniques (e.g. meta-regression), which are more reliable and allow researchers to explore more issues about the research.

Originality/value
The paper informs auditing researchers about methods to advance their research and increase its usefulness.
A prospective, randomized trial of intravenous hydroxocobalamin versus noradrenaline or saline for treatment of lipopolysaccharide‐induced hypotension in a swine model
Authors: Bebarta Vikhyat S. , Garrett Normalynn , Maddry Joseph K. , Arana Allyson , Boudreau Susan , Castaneda Maria , Dixon Patricia , Tanen David A. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryEarly, non‐clinical studies support the use of hydroxocobalamin to treat sepsis‐induced hypotension, but there is no translational, large animal model. The objective of this study was to compare survival in a sepsis model where large swine had endotoxaemia induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and were treated with intravenous hydroxocobalamin (HOC), noradrenaline (NA), or saline. Thirty swine (45–55 kg) were anaesthetized, intubated, and instrumented with continuous femoral and pulmonary artery pressure monitoring. Hypotension, predefined as 50% of baseline, was induced with LPS. Animals then received HOC, NA, or saline and monitored for 3 hours. The main outcome was survival to the conclusion of the study. Using a power of 80% and an alpha of 0.05, 10 animals were used per group. Secondary outcomes included: mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and cardiac output (CO) along with several markers of sepsis. No differences were detected between groups at baseline or after hypotension. The survival distributions of the three groups were significantly different with more HOC animals surviving (10/10) compared with NA (8/10) or Saline (5/10) (log‐rank P < 0.03). MAP was found to be higher in both the HOC and NA groups and HOC achieved the highest SVR. In this large animal, translational study of an endotoxaemic model of sepsis, hydroxocobalamin improved survival when compared with saline.
Recruiting young women to weight management programs: Barriers and enablers
Authors: Crino Natalie D. , Parker Helen M. , Gifford Janelle A. , Lau K.Y. Karen , Greenfield Eliya M. , Donges Cheyne E. , O'Dwyer Nicholas J. , Steinbeck Katharine S. , O'Connor Helen T. 
Published: December 2018

AimRecruiting young women to weight management research programs is difficult. The purpose of this study was to gain insights into the barriers and motivators that influence participation and to explore effective methods of recruitment from the perspective of young women with obesity living in both urban and regional areas.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were used to elicit information from focus groups. The interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed qualitatively. Eight focus groups, which included a total of 27 women, were conducted. Participants had a mean age of 29.1 (±5.1) years and a mean body mass index of 35.8 (±2.9) kg/m2.ResultsThe barriers to participation were multifaceted and largely similar across urban and regional participants. Fear of judgement and uncertainty about the process were major psychosocial barriers. A lack of tailoring of program content was an important program‐related barrier. Physical barriers such as time commitment, cost and access were discussed extensively, particularly in urban groups. The provision of incentives and the use of positive language that focusses on the benefits of the intervention were viewed positively. Physical and virtual methods of recruitment were identified as potentially effective provided they were presented in media that this group is likely to use and can access in a private location.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide a greater understanding of the challenges faced by young women in relation to participation in weight management programs and some of the potential methods that could be utilised to facilitate participation.
Improvement of Biological Activity of Morchella esculenta Protein Hydrolysate by Microwave‐Assisted Selenization
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wu Caie , Wang Tao , Sun Yujun , Li Tingting , Fan Gongjian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMorchella esculenta protein hydrolysate (MPH) from a valued medicinal and edible fungus M. esculenta (L.) is an excellent material for functional food development. To promote MPH utilization, selenization of MPH was performed by applying a simple and environmentally friendly microwave irradiation procedure. The physicochemical characteristics of selenized MPH (Se‐MPH) were investigated by SEM‐EDX, FTIR, CD, and amino acid analyzer, and its biological activity were assessed by ABTS, DPPH, H2O2 scavenging, and reducing power assays, as well as α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and tyrosinase inhibition tests. The results showed that MPH was successfully selenized, Se content in Se‐MPH reached 59.0 ± 0.64 mg/g, and amino groups, hydroxyl groups, and sulfur atoms of methionine residues in the MPH molecule may participate in selenization. Furthermore, Se‐MPH exhibited significantly enhanced antioxidant, antidiabetic, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities, compared with the native MPH and microwave‐irradiated MPH. Thus, the microwave‐assisted selenization is a feasible strategy for preparing organic Se and improving the biological activity of MPH.Practical ApplicationIn this study, selenized Morchella esculenta protein hydrolysate (Se‐MPH) was successfully prepared via conjugation with sodium selenite using the microwave‐assisted method. The results showed that Se‐MPH, synthesized with the aid of microwave, exhibited favorable selenium content and improved antioxidant, antidiabetic, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Therefore, microwave can be employed as an innovative and effective avenue for the production of organic selenium in nutraceutical and functional food industry.
Cell‐free DNA as a biomarker of aging
Authors: Teo Yee Voan , Capri Miriam , Morsiani Cristina , Pizza Grazia , Faria Ana Maria Caetano , Franceschi Claudio , Neretti Nicola 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is present in the circulating plasma and other body fluids and is known to originate mainly from apoptotic cells. Here, we provide the first in vivo evidence of global and local chromatin changes in human aging by analyzing cfDNA from the blood of individuals of different age groups. Our results show that nucleosome signals inferred from cfDNA are consistent with the redistribution of heterochromatin observed in cellular senescence and aging in other model systems. In addition, we detected a relative cfDNA loss at several genomic locations, such as transcription start and termination sites, 5′UTR of L1HS retrotransposons and dimeric AluY elements with age. Our results also revealed age and deteriorating health status correlate with increased enrichment of signals from cells in different tissues. In conclusion, our results show that the sequencing of circulating cfDNA from human blood plasma can be used as a noninvasive methodology to study age‐associated changes to the epigenome in vivo.
Effects of Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg. pomace as a source of plant secondary compounds on digestibility, rumen environment, hematology, and milk production in dairy cows
Authors: Gunun Pongsatorn , Gunun Nirawan , Khejornsart Pichad , Ouppamong Thanaporn , Cherdthong Anusorn , Wanapat Metha , Sirilaophaisan Srisuda , Yuangklang Chalermpon , Polyorach Sineenart , Kenchaiwong Wootichai , Kang Sungchhang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMao pomace meal (MPM) contains condensed tannins and saponins at 92 and 98 g/kg, respectively, and these substances can be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation in ruminant. Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows with 45 ± 5 days in milk were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four different levels of MPM supplementation at 0, 100, 200, and 300 g/head/day, respectively. Cows were fed with concentrate diets at 1:1.5 of concentrate to milk yield ratio and urea‐treated (3%) rice straw was fed ad libitum. The results revealed that feed intake, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen, and hematological parameters were not affected by MPM supplementation (p > 0.05). However, ruminal pH and propionate were increased quadratically (p < 0.05) in cows receiving MPM whereas acetate, acetate to propionate ratio and estimate methane production were decreased (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MPM linearly decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen and protozoal population at 4 hr postfeeding (p < 0.05). Milk production and milk composition were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of MPM at 200 g/head/day could modify ruminal fermentation and reduce methane production without adverse effect on feed intake, digestibility, hematological parameters, and milk production in dairy cows.
Rates of abnormal aldosterone/renin ratio in African‐origin compared to European‐origin patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Ahmed Khalid S. , Bogdanet Delia , Abadi Sorresa , Dineen RoseMary , Boran Gerald , Woods Conor P. , Behan Lucy Ann , Sherlock Mark , Gibney James 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIntroductionThe aldosterone/renin ratio is the initial screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA), but little data exists regarding ethnic variations in this.MethodsFollowing clinical observation of a high prevalence of abnormal aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) in patients of African‐origin, we retrospectively reviewed all ARR measurements in a single centre over 10 years. Rates of hypokalaemia, intraventricular septal thickness (IVS, by echocardiography) and adrenal imaging were recorded when available.ResultsAldosterone/renin ratio was available in 1473 patients, and abnormal in 374 (25.4%). Abnormal ARR was observed in 305/1349 (22.6%) of European‐origin and 69/124 (55.6%) of African‐origin patients (P < 0.001). Among those with abnormal ARR, hypokalaemia (<3.5 mmol/L) was documented on at least one occasion in 171/305 (56.1%) European‐origin and 43/69 (62.3%) African‐origin patients (P = 0.35). Median (range) IVS was 1.57 (0.78‐2.80) cm in African‐origin and 1.20 (0.69‐2.18) cm in European‐origin patients (P < 0.002); IVS did not correlate with aldosterone or ARR however. Adrenal adenoma was identified in 41/170 (24.1%) of European‐origin and 4/29 (13.7%) African‐origin patients (P = 0.15), while hyperplasia was identified in 35/170 (20.5%) of European and 8/29 (27.5%) African patients (P = 0.39).ConclusionIn summary, ARR was abnormal in 55.6% of African‐origin patients screened at an Irish hospital. Rates of hypokalaemia were similar between European‐origin and African‐origin patients. These findings have implications for the use of current screening guidelines for ARR in African‐origin patients and also for the mechanistic role of aldosterone in hypertensive complications in African‐origin patients.
Mortality among people who inject drugs: Ten‐year follow‐up of the hepatitis C virus cohort
Authors: Kimber Jo , Stoové Mark , Maher Lisa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsMortality studies of people who inject drugs (PWID) are mostly of older people and drug treatment cohorts. We estimate mortality rates, describe causes of death, and years of potential life lost in a community‐recruited cohort of young PWID characterised by high incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Design and MethodsParticipant identifiers of 215 PWID from the south‐western Sydney sub‐cohort of the HCV Cohort were linked to National Death Index records from 1999 to 2010 and crude mortality rates and standardised mortality ratios estimated. Australian life tables were used to calculate years of potential of life lost.ResultsFifteen participants died (7.0%) in 2095 person years (PY) of follow‐up. Median age at death was 30.6 years (interquartile range 24.9–32.2). The crude mortality rate was 0.72 per 100PY (95% confidence interval 0.29–0.79) with a standardised mortality ratio of 11.09 (95% confidence interval 6.68–18.39). One‐third of deaths were due to accidental drug overdose (5/15) and one‐fifth were suicides (3/15). All deaths from defined causes (13/15) were potentially avoidable. Decedents lost on average 49.8 years of potential life.Discussion and ConclusionsMortality and potential life lost further highlight the impact of accidental overdose deaths and suicide among young PWID. Integration of overdose and suicide prevention into youth‐orientated outreach, including innovation in online and mobile technology should be evaluated.