bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia Guidelines
Authors: Gold Jessica , Hametz Patricia , Sen Anita I. , Maykowski Philip , Leone Nicole , Lee Diana S. , Gagliardo Christina , Hymes Saul , Biller Rachel , Saiman Lisa 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Practice guidelines have been published for bronchiolitis and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), but little is known about pediatricians’ knowledge of and attitudes toward these guidelines since their publication.

METHODS:
We surveyed pediatric providers at 6 children’s hospitals in the New York City area. Two vignettes, an infant with bronchiolitis and a child with CAP, were provided, and respondents were asked about management. Associations between respondent characteristics and their reported practices were examined using χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. Associations between questions probing knowledge and attitude barriers relevant to guideline adherence and reported practices were examined using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel relative risk estimates.

RESULTS:
Of 283 respondents, 58% were trainees; 57% of attending physician respondents had finished training within 10 years. Overall, 76% and 45% of respondents reported they had read the bronchiolitis and CAP guidelines, respectively. For the bronchiolitis vignette, 40% reported ordering a chest radiograph (CXR), and 38% prescribed bronchodilators (neither recommended). For the CAP vignette, 38% prescribed ceftriaxone (not recommended). Study site, level of training, and practice locations were associated with nonrecommended practices. Site-adjusted knowledge and attitude barriers were used to identify that those who agreed CXRs were useful in managing bronchiolitis were more likely to order CXRs, and those who felt bronchodilators shortened length of stay were more likely to prescribe them. Concerns about ampicillin resistance and lack of confidence using local susceptibility patterns to guide prescribing were associated with ordering ceftriaxone.

CONCLUSIONS:
Provider-level factors and knowledge gaps were associated with ordering nonrecommended treatments for bronchiolitis and CAP.
Trans fatty acids in food – current legal regulations as protections for consumers and food manufacturers
Authors: Zuchowska-Grzywacz M. , Kowalska M. 
Published: February 2019

It was the goal of this paper to introduce selected regulatory models concerning the legal status of trans fatty acids in connection with the consumer’s position and to propose some de lege ferenda conclusions.
Legislation, treatises, periodicals, and bulletins have been analysed. Information from portals associated with the European Union and posted on official websites of organizations like the WHO is presented.
As comprehensive descriptions of individual states’ approaches to trans fats’ presence in the human diet are not available, an attempt was undertaken to obtain as broad a range of positions as possible, of states willing to take part in the study. Alongside research based on responses from Health Ministries of the EU member countries and three states from outside the EU, its conclusions, observable trends, and solutions proposed to minimize content of trans fatty acids are an essential part of this study.
Analysis of legislation and positions on trans fatty acids presence in food submitted by the states demonstrated the need for a consistent, overall regulation of the issue. The authors relied on the information generated to outline such solutions.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Versus Sunitinib in First-Line Intermediate- to Poor-Risk Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Reinhorn Daniel , Sarfaty Michal , Leshno Moshe , Moore Assaf , Neiman Victoria , Rosenbaum Eli , Goldstein Daniel A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment paradigm of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed rapidly in recent years. In first-line treatment of intermediate- to poor-risk patients, the CheckMate 214 study demonstrated a significant survival advantage for nivolumab and ipilimumab versus sunitinib. The high cost of combined immune-modulating agents warrants an understanding of the combination's value by considering both efficacy and cost. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab and ipilimumab compared with sunitinib for first-line treatment of intermediate- to poor-risk advanced RCC from the U.S. payer perspective.Materials and MethodsA Markov model was developed to compare the costs and effectiveness of nivolumab and ipilimumab with those of sunitinib in the first-line treatment of intermediate- to poor-risk advanced RCC. Health outcomes were measured in life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Drug costs were based on Medicare reimbursement rates in 2017. We extrapolated survival beyond the trial closure using Weibull distribution. Model robustness was addressed in univariable and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe total mean cost per-patient of nivolumab and ipilimumab versus sunitinib was $292,308 and $169,287, respectfully. Nivolumab and ipilimumab generated a gain of 0.978 QALYs over sunitinib. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for nivolumab and ipilimumab was $125,739/QALY versus sunitinib.ConclusionOur analysis established that the base case ICER in the model for nivolumab and ipilimumab versus sunitinib is below what some would consider the upper limit of the theoretical willingness-to-pay threshold in the U.S. ($150,000/QALY) and is thus estimated to be cost-effective.Implications for PracticeThis article assessed the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab and ipilimumab versus sunitinib for treatment of patients with intermediate- to poor-risk metastatic kidney cancer, from the U.S. payer perspective. It would cost $125,739 to gain 1 quality-adjusted life-year with nivolumab and ipilimumab versus sunitinib in these patients.
Prevention of pregnancy loss in women with circulation of non-conventional antiphospholipid autoantibodies
Authors: Kornyushina Ekaterina A. , Chepanov Sergey V. , Selkov Sergey A. , Dadayeva Dzhamilya G. , Shakhaliyev Rustam A. , Chudotvorov Kirill N. , Nemstsveridze Nadezhda N. 
Published: February 2019

Hypothesis/aims of study. Patients with a history of pregnancy complications that meet the clinical criteria of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), with circulation of autoantibodies not related to the laboratory criteria for APS, present difficulties in choosing a method for preventing recurrent complications. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of autoantibodies in women with severe obstetric complications and habitual miscarriage and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy used in APS for the prevention of recurrent reproductive losses in women with non-criteria autoantibodies.
Study design, materials and methods. 358 women with a history of APS clinical criteria or two pregnancy losses up to 10 weeks were examined. Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I and anti-cardiolipin (IgG/IgM) antibodies, as well as non-conventional autoantibodies for phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyl acid, annexin V, and prothrombin were determined in serum, with lupus anticoagulant test performed. In 39 women with clinical criteria for APS and circulating anti-annexin V or prothrombin antibodies during pregnancy, enoxaparin sodium was used (in 100% of the cases) in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at a dose of 50-100 mg per day (in 69.2% of the cases).
Results. The frequency of all types of autoantibodies was 38.8%. Non-conventional antibodies were detected in 17.6% of the cases (isolated circulation in 11.5% of the cases); with anti-annexin V antibodies (73.0%) prevailed among them. In 39 patients with non-criteria antibodies, after the use of a prophylactic dose of enoxaparin sodium and ASA, live births were the outcome of pregnancy in 84.6% of the cases.
Conclusion. Testing for non-conventional autoantibodies may be appropriate in patients with only APS clinical criteria. Standard treatment of APS prescribed for this group of patients led to a significant increase in the frequency of live births. Further large studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of medical prophylaxis of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with non-criteria obstetric ABS.
Vitamin D deficiency as a factor in reducing bone mineral density after childbirth
Authors: Novikova Tatyana V. , Zazerskaya Irina E. , Kuznetsova Lyubov V. , Bart Viktor A. 
Published: February 2019

Hypothesis/aims of study. Physiological pregnancy is not a reliable risk factor for reduced bone mineral density (BMD). The causes affecting BMD in reproductive age, such as smoking, heredity, low physical activity, low body mass index, unbalanced diet, ovarian dysfunction, and vitamin D deficiency are studied. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency to the development of osteopenia after childbirth.
Study design, materials and methods. This is a cohort study conducted in V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg, Russia in the period from October 2013 to November 2014. We examined 86 puerperas on days 3–5 after delivery. The age of women ranged from 20 to 35 years. Patients were surveyed using the questionnaire on the main risk factors for osteoporosis. The method of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate BMD in the central and peripheral skeleton. Serum levels of 25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone were determined in all pregnant women.
Results. According to the results of Х-ray osteodensitometry, normal BMD was detected in 45% (n = 38) of puerperas (comparison group), with reduced BMD revealed in 55% (n = 48) of puerperas (main group). The main group was divided into subgroups: osteopenia in the distal forearm was detected in 27 (56%) puerperas, in the proximal femur in 7 (16%) puerperas, and in the lumbar spine in 14 (28%) puerperas. 58-78% of patients showed vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. In the group with osteopenia, vitamin D deficiency prevails, reaching 78% in women with osteopenia in the forearm, while in the group with normal BMD, vitamin D deficiency predominates in 70% of patients. The mean value of 25(OH)D in serum in the group with osteopenia and that in the group with normal BMD differ 1.5 times. The level of 25(OH)D in postpartum women with osteopenia in the forearm is two times lower, when compared to the group with normal BMD, parathyroid hormone being within reference values. In the group with osteopenia in the lumbar spine, opsooligomenorrhea is more common (p < 0.05), while in the group with osteopenia in the proximal forearm, a possible significant factor was revealed to be preeclampsia (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. Osteopenia after childbirth is found in 55% of patients. In 56% of cases, osteopenia occurs in the distal forearm. Vitamin D deficiency is a significant factor in the reduction of BMD in the distal forearm and lumbar spine. At a level of 25 (OH) D < 20 ng/ml, the risk of developing osteopenia increases by 56%.
Thrombosis risk factors and gene mutations in young age patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ponomarenko I. V. , Sukmanova I. A. 
Published: February 2019

Goal of research. Study the role of thrombosis risk factors and polymorphisms in genes in young age patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Materials and methods. Te study included 299 patients of age 25 to 44 years old with ACS were treated from 2012 to 2017 at the department of myocardial infarction 1st KGBUZ Altay regional cardiological clinic. Te middle age of patients with ACS was 40.3 ± 0.2 years. Te control group included of 53 apparently healthy volunteers aged from 25 to 44 years old, the average age those patients was 39.94 ± 0.79 years. Also, those patients hadn’t any comorbid conditions. Te control group hadn’t any datas of ischemic heart disease by the results of exercise tolerance tests. All patients had standard clinical, anamnestic, biochemical tests, lipid profle, fasting plasma glucose, electrocardiogram, echocardiography and coronaroangiography, also they were determined growth and weight with body-weight index. 116 patients from the ACS group and 53 patients fromthe control group had screening of polymerase chain reaction for determine polymorphism of the FII genes G20210-A, FV G1691-A, and MTHFR C677-T.Results. We identifed the most signifcant sets of risk factors associated with ACS in young age patients based on our multifactorial statistical analysis with binary logistic regression. Tis combination of risk factors was: increased levels of low-density lipoproteins, decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins, smoking, existence of MTHFR homozygous polymorphism, heredity in combination with smoking, FV homozygote, MTHFR homozygote, smoking with MTHFR-homozygote.Conclusion. Te ability predicting the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in young people based on traditional risk factors, partly modifable, as well as the researching of "new" risk factors, opens up new opportunities for developing a clinical approach of treating young patients with high risk of ACS.
Early-stage coronary artery atherosclerosis patients in 4-year follow-up
Authors: Dąbek Józefa , Majewski Michał , Bałys Mariusz , Gąsior Zbigniew 
Published: February 2019

WstępChoroby układu krążenia, powodowane głównie miażdżycą i jej powikłaniami, są najczęstszą przyczyną chorobowości i śmiertelności na świecie. Miażdżyca rozwija się już we wczesnym wieku dziecięcym, a u około 50% młodych osób występują cechy miażdżycy tętnic wieńcowych. W związku z tym podejmuje się wiele działań zmierzających do wczesnego jej wykrywania i identyfikacji osób o podwyższonym ryzyku powikłań sercowo-naczyniowych, u których wdrożenie zasad prewencji może zapobiegać progresji choroby oraz rozwojowi powikłań. Subkliniczna miażdżyca to wczesny etap rozwoju choroby z obecnością niewielkich zmian w ścianie tętnic wieńcowych. Wykazano związek wczesnej miażdżycy ze zwiększonym ryzykiem choroby wieńcowej i występowaniem powikłań w postaci zgonów z przyczyn wieńcowych, zawałów serca niezakończonych zgonem oraz objawowej dławicy piersiowej. Celem pracy była obserwacja odległa osób z wczesną miażdżycą tętnic wieńcowych.Materiał i metodyZ pierwotnej grupy 45 chorych (100%) we wczesnym etapie zaawansowania miażdżycy tętnic wieńcowych – obejmującej pacjentów, u których w koronarografii uwidoczniono prawidłowy obraz tętnic wieńcowych lub jedynie drobne zmiany przyścienne, natomiast w 64-rzędowej tomografii komputerowej wskaźnik uwapnienia tętnic wieńcowych był dodatni (CACS powyżej 0) – obserwacji odległej poddano 29 osób (64,5%).WynikiW analizowanej grupie 29 chorych w 48-miesięcznej obserwacji stwierdzono dobre rokowanie ogólne. Nie występowały zgony z przyczyn sercowo-naczyniowych ani poważne zdarzenia sercowo-naczyniowe niezakończone zgonem. Ponadto chorzy dobrze współpracowali w zakresie procesu terapeutycznego, stosowali się do zaleceń oraz kontrolowali choroby współistniejące. U większości badanych doszło do poprawy w zakresie objawowości niedokrwienia mięśnia sercowego.WnioskiUzyskane dane pozwalają uznać subpopulację pacjentów we wczesnym etapie zaawansowania miażdżycy tętnic wieńcowych za obarczoną pośrednim ryzykiem sercowo-naczyniowym.
Uji Kadar Albumin dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) dengan Kadar Protein Pakan Komersial yang Berbeda <Br><I>[Albumin Level Test and Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Growth with Different Commercial Feed Protein Level]<I>
Authors: Alamsjah Moch. Amin , Kusumaningrum Galuh Ajeng , Masithah Endang Dwi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract Gabus fish is rich of albumin. This fish as albumin source for hypoalbumin (lower albumin) patients and wound, both post operation wound and burn. Albumin have many sulfhydrile compound (SH) have a function as radikal bind. Protein which have rich of –SH compound be able to binding hazard metal and also antioxidant effects and salic acid. At present, albumin produced from human blood, then the price is expensive enough. The finding of albumin extract from gabus fish then become alternative to get cheap albumin. This research purposed to recognize about the influence by providing different protein feed on albumin level and the growth of gabus fish. Method that used in this research is experimental method, with Complete Random Design as trial design. Treatment that given such different protein level included, Po treatment with 26% protein, P1 treatment with 29% protein, P2 treatment with 32% protein respective repeated six times. The main parameter that observed are albumin and growth of Gabus fish. Supporting parameter that observed in this research are temperature measurement, pH and DO, Variant Analysis (ANOVA) and to know about Duncan Multiple Range test treatment. The result of the research indicates that found different albumin level on Gabus fish is not real among treatment above on observation yields. The highest average of albumin level found in P2 treatment, while lowest influence taken from treatments of P0 and P1. The growth of Gabus fish with providing commercial feed with different protein level indicates that found different growth of real Gabus fish (p< 0,05). The highest yield taken from P2 treatment is really different with other treatments. While lowest yield taken from P0 and P2 treatment.
Kejadian Kelainan Vertebra Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada Media Penetasan Salinitas yang Berbeda <br><i>[Vertebrae Malformation Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) on Different Media Hatching Saline]<i>
Authors: Lutfiyah Lailatul , Triastuti Rr Juni , Masithah Endang Dewi , Darmanto Win 
Published: February 2019

Abstract Tilapia fish belonged to the euryhaline fish, which has wide range tolerance in salinity (freshwater euryhaline fish has salinity tolerance >8 ppt). Incidence of fish skeletal abnormalities could be the response of the environment influence such as salinity, temperature and hypoxia. This research uses five treatments : 0,5 10, 15, 20 ppt. The results showed that the highest abnormalities found on the treatment of 15 ppt and 20 ppt, while the lowest for the treatment of abnormalities of 10 ppt. The best result to be used in the brackish nila aquaculture is 10-15 ppt in salinity.
ABNORMAL SEGREGATION FOR MORPHOLOGICAL MARKER GENES IN PROGENIES OF TISSUE CULTURE-DERIVED REGENERANTS OF HETEROZYGOUS TOMATO HYBRIDS
Authors: Oh Dae-Geun , Chrzastek Maria , Tigchelaar Edward C. 
Published: February 2019

Heterozygous multiple marker genetic stocks were synthesized by crossing three multiple genetic marker stocks to a common inbred parent PU812. The four parents and 3 F1's were cultured to obtain regenerants from leaf discs. Fifty four regenerants were derived from 3 F1's and 12 from the 4 parents, Among the regenerants, 16 plants were identified as tetraploid (24.2%); low fertility was usually associated with tetraploidy, however there were a few exceptions.Selfed seeds, identified by cluster number, were harvested from sexual F1's and R0 plants for F2 progeny tests for the known marker genes. While there were no abnormal segregations for marker genes in the sexual progenies, 13 of 46 progenies from tissue culture derived regenerants showed significant deviations from expected normal segregations for a number of markers. Two of the abnormal progenies were identified as tetraploids by root-tip examinations; segregation ratios fit duplex random chromatid segregation for gene a on chromosome 11 and random chromosome segregation for gene c on chromosome 6. The cams of abnormal segregations in other progenies remain unknown. Results suggest that unknown genetic events arising during tissue culture may distort segregations for marker genes in the subsequent sexual progeny of tissue culture regenerants.
MINIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IN BEDDING PLANT AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION
Authors: Armitage Allan M. 
Published: February 2019

Minimizing environmental stress in bedding plant and greenhouse and seedling development has occupied many researchers in academia and industry for many years. The dependence on single plant germination units (plugs) for bedding plant production and high value hybrid seed demand high rates of germination and successful seedling establishment. Pre-germinating or priming of seed is an important method of germination enhancement and methods and benefits of “priming” will be discussed. Environmental options to enhance seed germination of non-primed seed include control of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature.Enhancement of seedling establishment through growth room and greenhouse technology includes the optimal use of CO2, temperature and light. Carbon dioxide fertilization on seedlings is receiving serious study and will be further elucidated.
VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT EFFECTS ON NITROGEN AND CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING IN BLUEBERRY
Authors: Merhaut Donald J. , Darnell Rebecca L. 
Published: February 2019

The influence of stage of vegetative flush development on NH4NO3-N uptake and carbon and nitrogen partitioning was evaluated in two-year-old 'Climax' rabbiteye blueberries using dual labeling with 15N and14C. Plants were grown in sand and fertilized with a modified Hoagland's solution. Plants were pruned to induce three stages of vegetative development: flush initiation, mid -flush, and flush maturity.
Total nitrogen uptake did not differ for the different stages of growth. However, N allocation to leaves was greatest at mid-flush, possibly due to higher transpiration rates of developing leaves. Total 14C partitioning to roots was reduced at mid-flush, compared to the other growth stages, reflecting the increased demand for carbon by growing shoots. Although less carbon was allocated to roots at mid-flush,this did not limit N uptake.
SWEET CORN HERBICIDES
Authors: Straw R. A. , Mullins C. A. 
Published: February 2019

`Merit' and `Silver Queen' sweet corn plants were treated with nicosulfuron and primisulfuron herbicides at rates of 0.035 and 0.039 kg ai ha-1, respectively. These herbicides were applied either over the top postemergence or directed post emergence. Over the top postemergence applications killed all of the `Merit' plants, but did not injure `Silver Queen' plants. All treatments provided greater than 90 % control of johnson grass and fall panicum.
In a separate experiment, `Silver Queen', `Incredible', `How Sweet It Is', `Pinnacle', `Sweetie 76', and `Landmark' showed slight injury, while `Silverado' showed moderate injury 2 weeks after application of a postemergence treatment of either nicosulfuron or primisulfuron. However, the plants soon outgrew this injury and yields were not reduced due to herbicide treatments.