bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle-in-cell Simulations of Firehose Instability Driven by Bi-Kappa Electrons
Authors: López R. A. , Lazar M. , Shaaban S. M. , Poedts S. , Yoon P. H. , Viñas A. F. , Moya P. S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We report the first results from particle-in-cell simulations of the fast-growing aperiodic electron firehose instability driven by the anisotropic bi-Kappa distributed electrons. Such electrons characterize space plasmas, e.g., solar wind and planetary magnetospheres. Predictions made by the linear theory for full wave-frequency and wave-vector spectra of instabilities are confirmed by the simulations showing that only the aperiodic branch develops at oblique angles with respect to the magnetic field direction. Angles corresponding to the peak magnetic field fluctuating power spectrum increase with the increase in the anisotropy and with the decrease in the inverse power-law index κ. The instability saturation and later nonlinear evolutions are also dominated by the oblique fluctuations, which are enhanced by the suprathermals and trigger a faster relaxation of the anisotropic electrons. Diffusion in velocity space is stimulated by the growing fluctuations, which scatter the electrons, starting with the more energetic suprathermal populations, as appears already before the saturation. After saturation the fluctuating magnetic field power shows decay patterns in the wave-vector space and a shift toward lower angles of propagation.
Tenofovir and Emtricitabine Resistance among Antiretroviral-Naive Patients in the Canadian Observational Cohort Collaboration: Implications for PrEP
Authors:   The Canadian Observational Cohort Collaboration, Younger Jaime , Raboud Janet , Szadkowski Leah , Harrigan Richard , Walmsley Sharon , Bayoumi Ahmed M , Klein Marina B , Cooper Curtis , Burchell Ann N , Loutfy Mona , Hull Mark , Wong Alex , Thomas Rejean , Hogg Robert , Montaner Julio , Tsoukas Chris , Antoniou Tony 
Published: March 2019

Background The real-world effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may be influenced by circulating HIV strains resistant to either tenofovir or emtricitabine. Yet, few studies have examined rates of resistance to these drugs in clinical settings. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of antiretroviral-naive participants in the Canadian Observational Cohort collaboration who initiated antiretroviral therapy between 2006 and 2014. In separate analyses, we determined the prevalence of pretherapy resistance and cumulative incidence of follow-up resistance to tenofovir and emtricitabine. We used multivariable proportional hazards models to examine associations between baseline variables and the development of resistance. Results We studied 6,622 antiretroviral-naive participants initiating therapy, of whom 5,428 (82.0%) had a baseline resistance test. Baseline resistance to tenofovir and emtricitabine was observed in 83 (1.5%) and 21 (0.4%) patients, respectively. Among patients without baseline resistance, the cumulative incidence of resistance to tenofovir and emtricitabine 5 years following treatment initiation was 0.0070 (95% CI 0.0046, 0.0095) and 0.033 (95% CI 0.028, 0.038), respectively. Following multivariable analysis, a baseline viral load ≥100,000 copies/ml was associated with emergence of tenofovir (hazard ratio [HR] 2.88; 95% CI 1.35, 6.15) and emtricitabine (HR 2.27; 95% CI 1.64, 3.15) resistance. Initiating an integrase inhibitor-based regimen and CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells/mm3 were also associated with resistance to each drug. Conclusions We observed a low prevalence of baseline resistance and a low incidence of emergence of resistance to tenofovir and emtricitabine among antiretroviral-naive patients in routine clinical care.
Update on Outcome Measure Development in Large-vessel Vasculitis: Report from OMERACT 2018
Authors: Aydin Sibel Z. , Robson Joanna C. , Sreih Antoine G. , Hill Catherine , Alibaz-Oner Fatma , Mackie Sarah , Beard Susan , Gul Ahmet , Hatemi Gülen , Kermani Tanaz A. , Mahr Alfred , Meara Alexa , Milman Nataliya , Shea Beverley , Tómasson Gunnar , Tugwell Peter , Direskeneli Haner , Merkel Peter A. 
Published: March 2019

Objective.The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Vasculitis Working Group seeks to develop validated outcome measures for use in trials for large-vessel vasculitis (LVV).Methods.An international Delphi exercise conducted among investigators identified items considered important to measure active disease. In parallel, qualitative research with patients was conducted, including interviews and focus groups.Results.Next steps prioritized by the group for LVV include (1) defining disease states (remission, flare, and patient-acceptable symptom state) and (2) selection of patient-reported outcome tools.Conclusion.The ultimate goal is to develop an OMERACT-endorsed core set of outcome measures for use in clinical trials of LVV.
Effect of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) attack density on Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) survival
Authors: Haavik Laurel J. , Hurley Brett P. , Allison Jeremy D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPopulation density is often a critical factor in colonisation of trees by bark and wood-boring insects and may determine whether an exotic species is likely to establish and spread. In a manipulative field study, we investigated whether density of the attacking population of an exotic invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), affected survival and time-to-death of a favoured host tree, Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus (Pinaceae). We introduced mating pairs of woodwasps to stressed P. sylvestris at either high (15 mating pairs, nine trees) or low (two mating pairs, nine trees) density. More trees died, and more quickly, when exposed to the high versus low density of S. noctilio (78% versus 33% of trees). In the high-density treatment, year of tree death was synonymous with production of a S. noctilio F1 cohort (one-year or two-year generation time); this pattern was not as consistent in the low-density treatment. Although sample size was limited, our results indicate that attack density affects S. noctilio colonisation of P. sylvestris.
Dragotcytosis: Elucidation of the Mechanism for Cryptococcus neoformans Macrophage-to-Macrophage Transfer
Authors: Dragotakes Quigly , Fu Man Shun , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast capable of a unique and intriguing form of cell-to-cell transfer between macrophage cells. The mechanism for cell-to-cell transfer is not understood. In this study, we imaged mouse macrophages with CellTracker Green 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate–labeled cytosol to ascertain whether cytosol was shared between donor and acceptor macrophages. Analysis of several transfer events detected no transfer of cytosol from donor-to-acceptor mouse macrophages. However, blocking Fc and complement receptors resulted in a major diminution of cell-to-cell transfer events. The timing of cell-to-cell transfer (11.17 min) closely approximated the sum of phagocytosis (4.18 min) and exocytosis (6.71 min) times. We propose that macrophage cell-to-cell transfer represents a nonlytic exocytosis event, followed by phagocytosis into a macrophage that is in close proximity, and name this process Dragotcytosis (“Dragot” is a Greek surname meaning “sentinel”), as it represents sharing of a microbe between two sentinel cells of the innate immune system.
Estudio de la implementación del Programa Nacional de Convivencia Escolar (PNCE) en una entidad federativa mexicana
Authors: Chaparro Caso-López Alicia Alelí , Mora Osuna Noé , Medrano Gallegos Viviana 
Published: March 2019

El Programa Nacional de Convivencia Escolar se lleva a cabo en México, con el propósito de impulsar ambientes de convivencia en las escuelas que favorezcan el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. El estudio que se presenta tuvo como objetivo evaluar su implementación con base en el modelo CIPP. Para ello se recabó información cualitativa de las 34 sesiones de capacitación del PNCE en cinco municipios de un estado del país; así como información cuantitativa derivada de la aplicación de una encuesta en 100 escuelas de educación básica (preescolar, primaria y secundaria). Los resultados mostraron que, aun cuando los participantes reconocen la necesidad del programa y valoran la utilidad de este, existen aspectos a mejorar. Se concluye que el PNCE es un programa que puede optimizar sus resultados e impacto si incorpora un proceso de sensibilización previo a su implementación, la entrega puntual y completa de los materiales, la mejora del proceso de capacitación y acompañamiento, y el cumplimiento de todas las actividades del programa, incorporándolas en la planeación escolar y el programa educativo de los centros escolares.
A new method of inferring the size, number density, and charge of mesospheric dust from its in situ collection by the DUSTY probe
Authors: Havnes Ove , Antonsen Tarjei , Baumgarten Gerd , Hartquist Thomas W. , Biebricher Alexander , Fredriksen Åshild , Friedrich Martin , Hedin Jonas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present a new method of analyzing measurements of mesospheric
dust made with DUSTY rocket-borne Faraday cup probes. It can yield the
variation in fundamental dust parameters through a mesospheric cloud with an
altitude resolution down to 10 cm or less if plasma probes give the plasma
density variations with similar height resolution. A DUSTY probe was the
first probe that unambiguously detected charged dust and aerosol particles in
the Earth's mesosphere. DUSTY excluded the ambient plasma by various biased
grids, which however allowed dust particles with radii above a few nanometers
to enter, and it measured the flux of charged dust particles. The flux
measurements directly yielded the total ambient dust charge density. We extend the analysis of DUSTY data by using the impact currents on its main
grid and the bottom plate as before, together with a dust charging model and
a secondary charge production model, to allow the determination of
fundamental parameters, such as dust radius, charge number, and total dust
density. We demonstrate the utility of the new analysis technique by
considering observations made with the DUSTY probes during the MAXIDUSTY
rocket campaign in June–July 2016 and comparing the results with those of
other instruments (lidar and photometer) also used in the campaign. In the
present version we have used monodisperse dust size distributions.
Cuckoo Constancy? Paradise Regained and the Book of Common Prayer Debates
Authors: Zhang Rachel 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
John Milton's Paradise Regained is typically contextualized within the politics of the Restoration; this article, however, argues that his 1671 poem recapitulates his antiliturgical arguments of the 1640s. Juxtaposing Milton's antiliturgical pamphlets, Eikon Basilike, and Eikonoklastes, I show the common interest in the language of “constancy” amid the debate over the use of the Book of Common Prayer. This language resurfaces in Paradise Regained, where the “constant” Son belatedly counters Eikon's cooption of constancy in the prayer book debates. The Son's famously interior, inward understanding of faith—expressed as neostoic “constancy”—rebuts arguments for the use of external forms of liturgy, rehearsing language and imagery from Milton's 1640s prose. Milton consequently emerges as a figure both retrograde and innovative, using old arguments and royalists' own terms in an unprecedented generic context to assert his defiance against the restoration of the English liturgy.
Paixão pela arte ou arte pela paixão? Etnografando práticas e emoções no processo organizativo de um circo no Canadá
Authors: Oliveira Josiane Silva de , Cavedon Neusa Rolita 
Published: March 2019

The objective of this paper is to understand how relationships between practices and emotions configure the organizational process of a circus, located in Montréal, Canada. We conduct a theoretical approach between the concepts of practices of the Michel de Certeau and organizational processes of Theodore Schatzki, discussing a policy approach to everyday life in organizations. We combine these discussions to debates about the political effects of emotions in social life. From an ethnographic study, we propose that the practices are built on the emotional politics of everyday life resulting in the production of social spaces hybrid in mobile organizational processes, such as the circus. Thus, it is possible to understand how organizational processes circus in the relationship between the practices that produce mobility and emotions which shape the social space, the result of a political struggle in the artistic field, showing the “passion for art” as a dimension of life collective of artists that organizes different practices in recognition of the circus as art in Canada.
Escolarização indígena Mebengokre Kayapó Gorotire
Authors: Feitosa Leni Barbosa , Vizolli Idemar 
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo resulta da pesquisa que trata da educação escolar indígena com objetivo de deslindar o processo de escolarização dos Mẽbêngôkre Gorotire, comunidade indígena localizada no município de Cumaru do Norte, sul do estado do Pará, à luz da História Oral Temática, com 14 participantes, sendo 9 Mẽbêngôkre e 5 não indígenas, e análise documental constituída no âmbito municipal e estadual. A escolarização dos Mẽbêngôkre Gorotire é recente, principiada em 1973, pela Missão Evangélica do Brasil e operacionalizada por vários agentes sociais, Fundação Nacional do Índio, Summer Institute of Linguistics, garimpeiros, madeireiros, Associação Floresta Protegida e os próprios Gorotire, sendo atualmente gerenciada técnica, administrativa e pedagogicamente pela Prefeitura Municipal de Cumaru do Norte-PA, por meio da Secretaria Municipal de Educação e Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Pará. O processo escolar dessa comunidade indígena se apresenta em contextos educacionais contemporâneos, todavia com vivências que a alicerçaram por muitos anos numa perspectiva instrutiva integracionista e que a pouco tempo andarilha no vislumbre de concebê-la no âmago da autonomia e reafirmação de sua identidade, sobretudo por meio de ressignificações estabelecidas pelos próprios Gorotire.
Application of cell-free DNA sequencing in characterization of bloodborne microbes and the study of microbe-disease interactions
Authors: Chiu Kuo-Ping , Yu Alice L. 
Published: March 2019

Background. It is an important issue whether and how microorganisms can live harmoniously withnormal cells in the circulatory system. Answers to these issues will have enormous impact on medical microbiology. To address these issues, it is essential to identify and characterize the blood-borne microbes in an efficient and comprehensive manner.
Methodology. Traditional approaches using PCR or microarray are not suitable for the purpose due to the complexity and composition of large amount of unknown microbial species in the circulatory system. Recent reports indicated that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing using advanced sequencing technologies, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule sequencing (SMS) together with associated bioinformatics approaches, possess a strong potential enabling us to address these issues at the molecular level.
Results. Multiple studies using microbial cfDNA sequencing to identify microbes for septic patients have shown strong agreement with cell culture. Similar approaches have also been applied to reveal previously unidentified microorganisms or to demonstrate the feasibility of comprehensive assessment of bloodborne microorganisms for healthy and/or diseased individuals. Single-molecule sequencing (SMS) using either SMRT (single-molecule real-time) sequencing or Nanopore sequencing are providing new momentum to reinforce this line of investigations.
Conclusions. Microbial cfDNA sequencing provides a novel opportunity allowing us to further understand the involvement of blood-borne microbes in development of diseases. Similar approaches should also be applicable to the study of metagenomics for sufficient and comprehensive analysis of microbial species isolated from various environments. This article reviews this line of research and discuss the methodological approaches that have been developed, or are likely to be developed in the future, which may have strong potential to facilitate cfDNA- and cfRNA-based studies of cancer and chronic diseases, in the hope that a better understanding of the hidden microbes in the circulatory system would improve the accuracy of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problematic diseases.
Predicting electrocardiogram interpretation performance in Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support simulation: comparing knowledge tests and simulation performance among Mexican medical students
Authors: Smith Michael William , Abarca Rondero David 
Published: March 2019

Background
Simulation plays a key role in assessing performance in Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS). Traditional knowledge tests are also important for assessing the cognitive elements of ACLS performance. However, the association between the two has not been established. In this study, we focus on one important element in ACLS—interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECG)—and the potential of knowledge tests to serve as predictors of improvement in ACLS performance.

Methods
We looked at the correlation between Mexican medical students’ improvement in ECG interpretation performance in ACLS megacode simulations (from the start of the semester to the end of the semester), and their scores on ECG interpretation knowledge tests.

Results
We found significant improvement in ECG interpretation in ACLS megacode simulation (from pre-semester to post-semester), but this was not predicted by the ECG interpretation knowledge test scores. The correlation was .079 (p = 0.66).

Conclusions
These results suggest that even cognitive tasks such as ECG interpretation can be expressed and assessed differently in simulation versus traditional knowledge testing.
N
atranaerobiaceae
Authors: Mesbah Noha M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Natranaerobiaceae
(Natr.an.ae.ro.bi.a.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Natranaerobius
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Natranaerobiaceae
the
Natranaerobius
family).

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Natranaerobiales / Natranaerobiaceae

The family
Natranaerobiaceae
consists of obligately anaerobic, rod‐shaped cells. Cells stain Gram‐positive and have a Gram‐type‐positive cell wall. They are obligate alkaliphiles, with optimal growth at pH 9–10 and no growth below pH 8. They are halophilic, with optimal growth at [Na
+
] 0.9–3.9 M. Species are obligately natronophilic, they cannot grow without added sodium carbonate/bicarbonate. They are thermotolerant, with optimal growth over 40–53°C. A single species forms clostridial type endospores. Members of the
Natranaerobiaceae
are chemoorganotrophic and grow fermentatively. Carbohydrates and yeast extract are fermented to acetate, lactate, and formate. Nitrate can be used as an electron acceptor; some species can reduce thiosulfate. The family currently consists of three genera,
Natranaerobius, Natronovirga
, and
Natranaerobaculum
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.5–41.7.

Type genus
:
Natranaerobius
Mesbah, Hedrick, Peacock, Rohde and Wiegel 2007, 2511
VP
.
T
epidisphaera
Authors: Kovaleva O.L. , Elcheninov A.G. , Kublanov I.V. , Bonch‐Osmolovskaya Elizaveta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Te.pi.di.sphae'ra. L. masc. adj.
tepidus,
lukewarm; L. fem. n.
sphaera,
a sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Tepidisphaera,
a warm sphere, spherical bacterium growing at moderately high temperature.

Planctomycetes / Phycisphaerae / Tepidisphaerales / Tepidisphaeraceae / Tepidisphaera

Bacteria of the genus
Tepidisphaera
are moderately thermophilic, facultatively aerobic cocci, occurring as single cells or shapeless aggregates. Some cells are motile by means of a single flagellum. Invaginations of a cytoplasmic membrane are not observed. Cells divide by binary fission. Neutrophilic. Grow heterotrophically on a wide range of mono‐, di‐, and polysaccharides. Facultative aerobes capable of fermentative growth on carbohydrates with acetate and propionate as the only detectable products. Do not require electron acceptors (sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium sulfate, elemental sulfur, or sodium fumarate) and NaCl for growth. Major fatty acids are iso‐C
16:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0
, anteiso‐C
17:0
, and one unidentified fatty acid (ECL = 16.39), while the predominant quinone is MK‐6. The only described species of the genus is
Tepidisphaera mucosa
, which is represented by three strains isolated from various terrestrial hot springs.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53.0 mol% (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Tepidisphaera mucosa
Kovaleva, Merkel, Novikov, Baslerov, Toshchakov and Bonch‐Osmolovskaya 2015, 553
VP
.
Redox‐Active Inorganic Materials for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Hu Bo , Luo Jian , DeBruler Camden , Hu Maowei , Wu Wenda , Liu T. Leo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContinuous growth in utilization of renewable but intermittent energy such as solar and wind will accelerate the demand for grid‐scale energy storage systems. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been intensively studied for large‐scale energy storage (MW/MWh), which is particularly attractive when integrated with renewable energy sources. In past decades, extensive efforts have been made to improve electrochemical performance of the RFBs by exploring various active materials, from inorganic redox‐active materials to organic redox‐active molecules. Compared to burgeoning organic RFBs, inorganic RFBs have received extensive research and development in the last several decades. A great deal of efforts has been exerted to commercialize several inorganic RFB systems such as all‐vanadium RFBs and zinc–bromine RFBs. In this article, inorganic redox‐active materials (e.g., metal salts, halides, polysulfides, polyoxometalate (POM), etc.) applied in RFBs are reviewed with a primary focus on their most recent technological advances in aqueous inorganic RFBs. The advantages and limitations of different inorganic RFBs are discussed. Further technological challenges and perspective on inorganic RFBs are also highlighted.
Na‐Ion
Batteries: Positive Electrode Materials
Authors: Driscoll Elizabeth H. , Driscoll Laura L. , Slater Peter R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The growing desire for large‐scale stationary electrical power storage is driving research interest into Na‐ion batteries, due to the greater abundance and lower cost of Na versus Li. This article focuses on advances achieved in the development of positive electrode (cathode) materials for such batteries. As for Li‐ion batteries, layered transition metal oxide systems have traditionally dominated the research in this area, although following the development of LiFePO
4
for Li‐ion batteries, there has been considerable interest in Na transition metal phosphate/sulfate/silicate systems among other materials.
Modeling Solid State Batteries
Authors: Wan Ting Hei , Lu Ziheng , Ciucci Francesco 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) have gained lots of attention recently due to its availability to work with Li metal anode and the safety concerns arisen from conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, solid electrolyte that possesses high ionic conductivity and acceptable electrochemical stability against high potential difference is still under investigation. Also the interfacial resistance at the electrode|electrolyte interface may be significant due to the space charge layer formation, phase and mechanical instability. To address these problems, one needs a thorough understanding on the physics and electrochemistry of the SSB system, which can be acquired from both atomistic and continuum simulations. In this article, we review the theoretical framework for both atomistic and continuum modeling of SSBs. Also, we elucidate the usage of modeling for understanding various physical phenomena and illustrate how these understanding can lead to new SSB designs with better performance.