bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxon-specific aerosolization of bacteria and viruses in an experimental ocean-atmosphere mesocosm
Authors: Michaud Jennifer M. , Thompson Luke R. , Kaul Drishti , Espinoza Josh L. , Richter R. Alexander , Xu Zhenjiang Zech , Lee Christopher , Pham Kevin M. , Beall Charlotte M. , Malfatti Francesca , Azam Farooq , Knight Rob , Burkart Michael D. , Dupont Christopher L. , Prather Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOcean-derived, airborne microbes play important roles in Earth’s climate system and human health, yet little is known about factors controlling their transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere. Here, we study microbiomes of isolated sea spray aerosol (SSA) collected in a unique ocean–atmosphere facility and demonstrate taxon-specific aerosolization of bacteria and viruses. These trends are conserved within taxonomic orders and classes, and temporal variation in aerosolization is similarly shared by related taxa. We observe enhanced transfer into SSA of Actinobacteria, certain Gammaproteobacteria, and lipid-enveloped viruses; conversely, Flavobacteriia, some Alphaproteobacteria, and Caudovirales are generally under-represented in SSA. Viruses do not transfer to SSA as efficiently as bacteria. The enrichment of mycolic acid-coated Corynebacteriales and lipid-enveloped viruses (inferred from genomic comparisons) suggests that hydrophobic properties increase transport to the sea surface and SSA. Our results identify taxa relevant to atmospheric processes and a framework to further elucidate aerosolization mechanisms influencing microbial and viral transport pathways.
Augmenting the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle by a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate carbon fixation pathway
Authors: Yu Hong , Li Xiaoqian , Duchoud Fabienne , Chuang Derrick S. , Liao James C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle is presumably evolved for optimal synthesis of C3 sugars, but not for the production of C2 metabolite acetyl-CoA. The carbon loss in producing acetyl-CoA from decarboxylation of C3 sugar limits the maximum carbon yield of photosynthesis. Here we design a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate (MCG) pathway to augment the CBB cycle for efficient acetyl-CoA synthesis. This pathway converts a C3 metabolite to two acetyl-CoA by fixation of one additional CO2 equivalent, or assimilates glyoxylate, a photorespiration intermediate, to produce acetyl-CoA without net carbon loss. We first functionally demonstrate the design of the MCG pathway in vitro and in Escherichia coli. We then implement the pathway in a photosynthetic organism Synechococcus elongates PCC7942, and show that it increases the intracellular acetyl-CoA pool and enhances bicarbonate assimilation by roughly 2-fold. This work provides a strategy to improve carbon fixation efficiency in photosynthetic organisms.
Quantum materials for spin and charge conversion
Authors: Han Wei , Otani YoshiChika , Maekawa Sadamichi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSpintronics aims to utilize the spin degree of freedom for information storage and computing applications. One major issue is the generation and detection of spins via spin and charge conversion. Quantum materials have recently exhibited many unique spin-dependent properties, which can be used as promising material candidates for efficient spin and charge conversion. Here, we review recent findings concerning spin and charge conversion in quantum materials, including Rashba interfaces, topological insulators, two-dimensional materials, superconductors, and non-collinear antiferromagnets. Important progress in using quantum materials for spin and charge conversion could pave the way for developing future spintronics devices.
Allogenic and Autogenic Signals in the Stratigraphic Record of the Deep-Sea Bengal Fan
Authors: Blum Mike , Rogers Kimberly , Gleason James , Najman Yani , Cruz Jarrett , Fox Lyndsey 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Himalayan-sourced Ganges-Brahmaputra river system and the deep-sea Bengal Fan represent Earth’s largest sediment-dispersal system. Here we present detrital zircon U-Pb provenance data from Miocene to middle Pleistocene Bengal Fan turbidites, and evaluate the influence of allogenic forcing vs. autogenic processes on signal propagation from the Himalaya to the deep sea. Our data record the strong tectonic and climatic forcing characteristic of the Himalayan system: after up to 2500 km of river transport, and >1400 km of transport by turbidity currents, the U-Pb record faithfully represents Himalayan sources. Moreover, specific U-Pb populations record Miocene integration of the Brahmaputra drainage with the Asian plate, as well as the rapid Plio-Pleistocene incision through, and exhumation of, the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The record is, however, biased towards glacial periods when rivers were extended across the shelf in response to climate-forced sea-level fall, and discharged directly to slope canyons. Finally, only part of the record represents a Ganges or Brahmaputra provenance end-member, and most samples represent mixing from the two systems. Mixing or the lack thereof likely represents the fingerprint of autogenic delta-plain avulsions, which result in the two rivers delivering sediment separately to a shelf-margin canyon or merging together as they do today.
Wild and domesticated Moringa oleifera differ in taste, glucosinolate composition, and antioxidant potential, but not myrosinase activity or protein content
Authors: Chodur Gwen M. , Olson Mark E. , Wade Kristina L. , Stephenson Katherine K. , Nouman Wasif , Garima  , Fahey Jed W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTaste drives consumption of foods. The tropical tree Moringa oleifera is grown worldwide as a protein-rich leafy vegetable and for the medicinal value of its phytochemicals, in particular its glucosinolates, which can lead to a pronounced harsh taste. All studies to date have examined only cultivated, domestic variants, meaning that potentially useful variation in wild type plants has been overlooked. We examine whether domesticated and wild type M. oleifera differ in myrosinase or glucosinolate levels, and whether these different levels impact taste in ways that could affect consumption. We assessed taste and measured levels of protein, glucosinolate, myrosinase content, and direct antioxidant activity of the leaves of 36 M. oleifera accessions grown in a common garden. Taste tests readily highlighted differences between wild type and domesticated M. oleifera. There were differences in direct antioxidant potential, but not in myrosinase activity or protein quantity. However, these two populations were readily separated based solely upon their proportions of the two predominant glucosinolates (glucomoringin and glucosoonjnain). This study demonstrates substantial variation in glucosinolate composition within M. oleifera. The domestication of M. oleifera appears to have involved increases in levels of glucomoringin and substantial reduction of glucosoonjnain, with marked changes in taste.
The Developmental Process of the Growing Motile Ciliary Tip Region
Authors: Reynolds Matthew J. , Phetruen Tanaporn , Fisher Rebecca L. , Chen Ke , Pentecost Brian T. , Gomez George , Ounjai Puey , Sui Haixin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEukaryotic motile cilia/flagella play vital roles in various physiological processes in mammals and some protists. Defects in cilia formation underlie multiple human disorders, known as ciliopathies. The detailed processes of cilia growth and development are still far from clear despite extensive studies. In this study, we characterized the process of cilium formation (ciliogenesis) by investigating the newly developed motile cilia of deciliated protists using complementary techniques in electron microscopy and image analysis. Our results demonstrated that the distal tip region of motile cilia exhibit progressive morphological changes as cilia develop. This developmental process is time-dependent and continues after growing cilia reach their full lengths. The structural analysis of growing ciliary tips revealed that B-tubules of axonemal microtubule doublets terminate far away from the tip end, which is led by the flagellar tip complex (FTC), demonstrating that the FTC might not directly mediate the fast turnover of intraflagellar transport (IFT).
Peatland vegetation composition and phenology drive the seasonal trajectory of maximum gross primary production
Authors: Peichl Matthias , Gažovič Michal , Vermeij Ilse , de Goede Eefje , Sonnentag Oliver , Limpens Juul , Nilsson Mats B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGross primary production (GPP) is a key driver of the peatland carbon cycle. Although many studies have explored the apparent GPP under natural light conditions, knowledge of the maximum GPP at light-saturation (GPPmax) and its spatio-temporal variation is limited. This information, however, is crucial since GPPmaxessentially constrains the upper boundary for apparent GPP. Using chamber measurements combined with an external light source across experimental plots where vegetation composition was altered through long-term (20-year) nitrogen addition and artificial warming, we could quantify GPPmaxin-situand disentangle its biotic and abiotic controls in a boreal peatland. We found large spatial and temporal variations in the magnitudes of GPPmaxwhich were related to vegetation species composition and phenology rather than abiotic factors. Specifically, we identified vegetation phenology as the main driver of the seasonal GPPmaxtrajectory. Abiotic anomalies (i.e. in air temperature and water table level), however, caused species-specific divergence between the trajectories of GPPmaxand plant development. Our study demonstrates that photosynthetically active biomass constrains the potential peatland photosynthesis while abiotic factors act as secondary modifiers. This further calls for a better representation of species-specific vegetation phenology in process-based peatland models to improve predictions of global change impacts on the peatland carbon cycle.
Paddy-upland rotation for sustainable agriculture with regards to diverse soil microbial community
Authors: Hou Ping-Fu , Chien Chia-Hung , Chiang-Hsieh Yi-Fan , Tseng Kuan-Chieh , Chow Chi-Nga , Huang Hao-Jen , Chang Wen-Chi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiverse soil microbial community is determinant for sustainable agriculture. Rich microbial diversity has presumably improved soil health for economic crops to grow. In this work, the benefits of paddy-upland rotation on soil microbial diversity and specific microbes are thus intensively explored. The microbiome from multiple factor experiment (three fertilizations coupled with two rotation systems) were investigated by novel enrichment and co-occurrence analysis in a field well maintained for 25 years. Using next-generation sequencing technique, we firstly present explicit evidence that different rotation systems rather than fertilizations mightily governed the soil microbiome. Paddy-upland rotation (R1) obviously increase more microbial diversity than upland rotation (R2) whether organic (OF), chemical (CF) or integrated fertilizers (IF) were concomitantly applied. Besides, the specific bacterial composition dominated in OF soil is more similar to that of R1 than to CF, suggesting that paddy-upland rotation might be the best option for sustainable agriculture if chemical fertilizer is still required. Interestingly, the pot bioassay verified clearly the novel analysis prediction, illustrating that greater microbial diversity and specific microbial composition correlated significantly with disease resistance. This finding highlights the eminence of paddy-upland rotation in promoting microbial diversity and specific microbial compositions, preserving soil health for sustainable agriculture.
Exercise activates the PI3K-AKT signal pathway by decreasing the expression of 5α-reductase type 1 in PCOS rats
Authors: Wu Chuyan , Jiang Feng , Wei Ke , Jiang Zhongli 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia are main clinical endocrine features of PCOS. Exercise can adjust the androgen level, as well as increase the sensitivity of insulin by activating PI3K-Akt insulin signaling pathways. 5αR1 has certain effects on insulin resistance and can synthesize dihydrotestosterone by metabolizing testosterone. So 5αR1 may be the target of androgen and insulin for exercise-induced regulation. To investigate the role of 5αR1 in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of PCOS rats activated by exercise, fifty-four female rats were randomly divided into the PCOS group (n = 42) and the control group(n = 12). After injection of testosterone propionate for 28 days, the remaining 36 rats in the PCOS group were randomly assigned to six groups: the sedentary group (PS, n = 6), sedentary and 5αRI (5α-reductase inhibitor) group (PS + RI, n = 6), sedentary and 5αR2I (5α-reductase type 2 selective inhibitor) group (PS + R2I, n = 6), exercise group (PE, n = 6), exercise and 5αRI group (PE + RI, n = 6), and exercise and 5αR2I group (PE + R2I, n = 6). The rats undergoing exercise were trained to swim for 14 days. Finasteride (5α-reductase type 2 selective inhibitor) and dutasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor) were administered once daily and were dosed based on weight. At the end, the expression of 5αR1 proteins, the phosphorylation level of PI3K and AKT, were determined by Western blot. The PCOS non-exercise group and the PE + RI group displayed significantly lower phosphorylation of Akt, PI3K p85 and GLUT4 expression, while in the PE + R2I group, the level of Akt phosphorylation and PI3K p85 expression was significantly higher than that of the PCOS non-exercise group and the PE + RI group. In summary, our study demonstrated that exercise can activate the PI3K/AKT signal pathway of PCOS rats by decreasing the expression of 5αR1.
The COOH-terminal domain of huntingtin interacts with RhoGEF kalirin and modulates cell survival
Authors: McClory Hollis , Wang Xiaolong , Sapp Ellen , Gatune Leah W. , Iuliano Maria , Wu Chiu-Yi , Nathwani Gina , Kegel-Gleason Kimberly B. , DiFiglia Marian , Li Xueyi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman huntingtin (Htt) contains 3144 amino acids and has an expanded polyglutamine region near the NH2-terminus in patients with Huntington’s disease. While numerous binding partners have been identified to NH2-terminal Htt, fewer proteins are known to interact with C-terminal domains of Htt. Here we report that kalirin, a Rac1 activator, is a binding partner to C-terminal Htt. Kalirin and Htt co-precipitated from mouse brain endosomes and co-localized at puncta in NRK and immortalized striatal cells and primary cortical neurons. We mapped the interaction domains to kalirin674-1272 and Htt2568-3144 and determined that the interaction between kalirin and Htt was independent of HAP1, a known interactor for Htt and kalirin. Kalirin precipitated with mutant Htt was more abundant than with wild-type Htt and had a reduced capacity to activate Rac1 when mutant Htt was present. Expression of Htt2568-3144 caused cytotoxicity, partially rescued by co-expressing kalirin674-1272 but not other regions of kalirin. Our study suggests that the interaction of kalirin with the C-terminal region of Htt influences the function of kalirin and modulates the cytotoxicity induced by C-terminal Htt.
Hydrogen protects lung from hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury by reducing hydroxyl radical production and inhibiting inflammatory responses
Authors: Chen Meihong , Zhang Jie , Chen Yun , Qiu Yan , Luo Zi , Zhao Sixia , Du Lei , Tian Dongbo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere we investigated whether hydrogen can protect the lung from chronic injury induced by hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R). We developed a mouse model in which H/R exposure triggered clinically typical lung injury, involving increased alveolar wall thickening, infiltration by neutrophils, consolidation, alveolar hemorrhage, increased levels of inflammatory factors and recruitment of M1 macrophages. All these processes were attenuated in the presence of H2. We found that H/R-induced injury in our mouse model was associated with production of hydroxyl radicals as well as increased levels of colony-stimulating factors and circulating leukocytes. H2 attenuated H/R-induced production of hydroxyl radicals, up-regulation of colony-stimulating factors, and recruitment of neutrophils and M1 macrophages to lung tissues. However, H2 did not substantially affect the H/R-induced increase in erythropoietin or pulmonary artery remodeling. Our results suggest that H2 ameliorates H/R-induced lung injury by inhibiting hydroxyl radical production and inflammation in lungs. It may also prevent colony-stimulating factors from mobilizing progenitors in response to H/R-induced injury.
Increasing Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair efficiency through covalent tethering of DNA repair template
Authors: Aird Eric J. , Lovendahl Klaus N. , St. Martin Amber , Harris Reuben S. , Gordon Wendy R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful genome-editing tool in which a guide RNA targets Cas9 to a site in the genome, where the Cas9 nuclease then induces a double-stranded break (DSB). The potential of CRISPR-Cas9 to deliver precise genome editing is hindered by the low efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR), which is required to incorporate a donor DNA template encoding desired genome edits near the DSB. We present a strategy to enhance HDR efficiency by covalently tethering a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) to the Cas9-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex via a fused HUH endonuclease, thus spatially and temporally co-localizing the DSB machinery and donor DNA. We demonstrate up to a 30-fold enhancement of HDR using several editing assays, including repair of a frameshift and in-frame insertions of protein tags. The improved HDR efficiency is observed in multiple cell types and target loci and is more pronounced at low RNP concentrations.
Selective cold pain inhibition by targeted block of TRPM8-expressing neurons with quaternary lidocaine derivative QX-314
Authors: Ongun Serra , Sarkisian Angela , McKemy David D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTreatment of pain with local anesthetics leads to an unfavorable decrease in general sensory acuity due to their indiscriminate block of both pain sensing (nociceptors) and non-pain sensing nerves. However, the cell impermeant lidocaine derivative QX-314 can be selectively targeted to only nociceptors by permeation through ligand-gated cation channels. Here we show that localized injection of QX-314 with agonists for the menthol receptor TRPM8 specifically blocks cold-evoked behaviors in mice, including cold allodynia and hyperalgesia. Remarkably, cooling stimuli also promotes QX-314-mediated inhibition of cold behaviors, and can be used to block cold allodynia, while retaining relatively normal cold sensation. The effects of both agonist and thermally evoked uptake of QX-314 are TRPM8-dependent, results demonstrating an effective approach to treat localized cold pain without altering general somatosensation.
Efficient preparation of crack-free, low-density and transparent polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels via ambient pressure drying and surface modification
Authors: Li Tiemin , Du Ai , Zhang Ting , Ding Wenhui , Liu Mingfang , Shen Jun , Zhang Zhihua , Zhou Bin 
Published: May 2018

A low-density (48 mg cm−3) polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogel was prepared by ambient pressure drying and surface modification.
Knockdown of Rab7a suppresses the proliferation, migration, and xenograft tumor growth of breast cancer cells
Authors: Xie Jiming , Yan Yan , Liu Fang , Kang Hongbin , Xu Fengying , Xiao Weili , Wang Haiyan , Wang Yuzhen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Breast cancer is a common invasive cancer in women. Ras-related protein Rab-7a (Rab7a) is involved in late endocytic trafficking, while its role in breast cancer is largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of Rab7a in breast cancer. Comparing with adjacent breast tissues, Rab7a expression was increased in breast cancer tissues. Using lentivirus-mediated knockdown strategy, we found that Rab7a silencing inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest were induced in Rab7a knockdown. By contrast, Rab7a suppressed the apoptosis and promoted proliferation and colony formation of MCF-7 cells. The migration of MDA-MB-231 cells was suppressed by Rab7a knockdown. In vivo, depletion of Rab7a inhibited the xenograft tumor development of MDA-MB-231 cells. Altogether, our results highlight the novel function of Rab7a in the proliferation, invasion, and xenograft tumor development of breast cancer cells.
Rhinocerebrale Mucormykose
Authors: Mertens Anke , Barche Doreen , Scheinpflug Laszlo , Scholz Friedrich Gunther , Vielhaber Stefan , Scherlach Cordula , Tröger Uwe , Geginat Gernot , Färber Jacqueline , Arens Christoph 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungMucormykose ist eine Schimmelpilzinfektion, die insbesondere bei immunsupprimierten Patienten rasch progredient verlaufen kann. Uns wurde eine 47-jährige
Patientin mit einer Ptosis links bei sonst unauffälligem augenärztlichen Befund vorgestellt. Die Blutzuckerwerte waren bei Diabetes mellitus deutlich
erhöht.Das CT der Nasennebenhöhlen zeigte eine moderate Verlegung des Siebbeins links und in der cMRT erschienen der orbitale Fettkörper und die Augenmuskeln verdickt.
Als noch eine Hebungseinschränkung des Bulbus auftrat, erfolgte die Nasennebenhöhlenoperation. Mikrobiologisch wurde dabei eine Mucormykose (Gattung
Lichtheimia) gesichert. Die Patientin erblindete links, sodass die Indikation zur Exenteratio orbitae links und Re-Pansinusoperation zur Fokussanierung gestellt
wurde. Liposomales Amphotericin B und Posaconazol wurden hochdosiert verabreicht und der Blutzucker wurde streng reguliert. Bei bildmorphologischem Progress
waren weitere operative Eingriffe bis zur Duraresektion nötig.Der Verlauf war durch Komplikationen (rezidivierende septische Episoden, Niereninsuffizienz, ein bifrontales Epiduralhämatom sowie multiple zerebrale
Mikroinfarkte) erschwert, doch schlussendlich konnte sie nach 8-monatiger Hospitalisation entlassen werden. Eine Epithese wurde angepasst und sie ist seit 24
Monaten (nach Diagnose) rezidivfrei.