bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VERTICAL CENTRIFUGAL CASTING OF A HYPEREUTECTIC SILUMIN WITH COOLING OF THE MOLD AND CASTING
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. , Baranov K. N. 
Published: July 2018

It is shown that cooling of casting molds by water with water flow of 0,42 m3/h and internal surfaces of castings with thickness of a wall 12–14 mm with water quantity 2,5×10–4–5×10–4 m3 allows to receive procurements with completely modified microstructure without use of modifiers. External layers of the produced castings consist of the eutectic silumin with compact crystals of silicon, and internal layers – of hypereutectic silumin with crystals of high-disperse primary and compact eutectic silicon.
EXPERIENCE IN USE OF RECUPERATIVE BURNERS DEVICES IN FURNACES OF PERIODIC ACTION FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF BLANKS IN SPC-2 OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Jadchenko D. S. 
Published: July 2018

In building and modernizing industrial furnaces the following important factors should be taken into account: on the one hand, economic efficiency must be ensured, and on the other hand it is important to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, improve the working conditions of personnel, etc. At the same time, constantly increasing requirements for productivity and environmental friendliness should not adversely affect the period of cost recovery.This article considers the experience of using recuperative burners. Both positive and negative aspects of the use of burners are considered from the point of view of economics, ecology and technology.An important initial point of cost optimization is the correct choice of a heating system complete with an automatic control system. One example of an effective heating system is a burner with a built in air heating system (recuperative burner), which saves fuel, reduces harmful emissions and simultaneously improves the technical and economic performance of the furnaces.
THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF RECYCLED WATER IN THE PRODUCTION OF MINERAL WOOL ON ITS SALINITY AND LIGHTNESS
Authors: Panasyugin A. S. , Grigor’ev S. V. , Teran A. I. , Tsyganov A. R. , Masherova N. P. , Pawlowski N. D. 
Published: July 2018

In progress to assess the impact of chemical treatment of recycled water in the production of mineral wool, its salinity and the degree of clarification found that the most suitable reagent to achieve the objectives is a 25% aqueous ammonia solution. It is shown that the optimum quantity of ammonia to initiate the process of deposition is in the range of 4–6 ml/dm3, lower number gives a noticeable lightening of recycled water and reduction of solids, a larger leads to a re-dissolution of already formed sludge and therefore to reduce the share of bleached water and increase the content of dissolved salts.Installed three stage character of the process of interaction of ammonia and recycled water. It is revealed that the deposition process in the recycling system water – ammonia at the initial stage limits the chemical stage of nucleation (the formation of a crystalline precipitate), followed by reaction at the interface (the formation on the surface of the original germs of continuous product.
METHODS OF INCREASING THE PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF COLD-WORKED REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Akhmetov T. A. , Kharitonov V. A. , Kozyreva Yu. V. , Mazanik A. V. , Loktionova L. V. 
Published: July 2018

The article discusses the use of a device for stress relieving in the manufacture of cold-shaped reinforcement armature with a diameter of 10 mm, which makes it possible to increase its plastic characteristics. Ductility or deformability is a complex characteristic of the reinforcement, which directly affects the safety of buildings and structures.From modern understanding point of view of the operation of reinforcement in reinforced concrete two characteristics are used for the ductility characteristics: the ratio of the time resistance to rupture to the yield point and the total relative elongation at maximum load ratio of tensile strength to yield strengthTraditional technologies allow to produce stable cold-formed reinforcement armature only of the ductility class «A». Application of special types of profile and «non-traditional» relief devices potentially will allow the production of cold-worked reinforcement armature of class of ductility «B».
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON SAND-CLAY FORMS AT CONSOLIDATION BY THE AIR STREAM
Authors: Issagulov A. Z. , Kulikov V. Yu. , Issagulova D. A. , Kovalyova T. V. 
Published: July 2018

One way to compact large-sized sandy-clay mixtures is air-pulse molding. Spreaders used in practice in pulsed molding do not ensure homogeneity of the density at the surface and in the volume of the mold. The design of a gas flow divider is proposed that allows changing the area of the apertures due to the shaped plate and, accordingly, increasing or decreasing the speed and volume of the transmitted air fl w acting on the mixture. This ultimately guarantees uniformity of density throughout the volume of the mold.Also results of researches of voltages and the density appearing in a coma of a mix on height at sealing of sandy-clay forms by an air stream are resulted. The use of air molding with a dissector and a plate for making large-sized molds made it possible to obtain a batch of castings with high geometric accuracy and surface roughness.
WASHING UP OF SEPARATE COATINGS IN MANUFACTURING CASES FROM ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY PRESSURE CASTING
Authors: Pivovarchyk A. A. , Mikhaltsov A. M. 
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of research of the influence of technological modes of injection molding of aluminum alloys, such as the pressing speed, molding time in a mold, the method of depositing a separation coating on the mold surface and the composition of the lubricant on the erosion resistance of the separation coatings. It is established that the pressing speed is most significant from the factors that influence the thickness of the lubricating layer forming on the working surface of the mold. When using water-based coatings, the thickness of the separation coating layer on the mold surface is reduced from 19,0 to 3,2 mm; for fatty separation coatings with a powder filler from 40,0 to 7,0 mm. It was also found that the minimum thickness of the lubricating layer of the separation coating is observed in the gate area and is in the range from 1,2 to 1,7 mm for the investigated water-emulsion separation coatings and 6,0 to 11,0 mm for fatty greases. It is shown that when the separation coatings are applied by a mechanized method, the thickness of the lubricating layer is 2,0–2,2 times lower than when applying lubricant manually.
INDICATORS OF FERROUS METALLURGY OF THE CIS COUNTRIES AND FORMER USSR TO THE YEAR 2000
Authors: Timoshpolskii V. I. , Trusova A. I. 
Published: July 2018

Over the past decades, the world’s steel industry has implemented two areas of its development: construction and commissioning of modern mini-plants; modernization of enterprises with a full metallurgical cycle. Despite a number of advantages of mini-plants, the global growth of steel production since 2000 has been largely due to the construction and commissioning of Converter production in China. The article presents data on the development and restructuring of metallurgical enterprises with a full cycle, primarily in the conditions of ferrous metallurgy of the CIS and former USSR. The main technological equipment for metallurgical processing, including the production of iron, steel, blanks, finished products, as well as the volume of production per year for the leading enterprises of the CIS and the former USSR was described in the article.It is also noted that in connection with the annual re-equipment of the production capacity of the main workshops in the steel industry of the former USSR, the training of highly qualified engineers and workers was the most important task of the state.
TWO-FREQUENCY CROSS-SLOT ANTENNA WITH RESONANT COLD ELECTRON BOLOMETERS FOR APPLICATION IN CORE SPACE MISSION
Authors: Kuzmin L. S. , Chiginev A. V. 
Published: July 2018

Measurements of the CMB properties is an actual problem of modern astronomy. The aim of the present paper is the numerical modeling of the two-frequency planar cross-slot antenna designed for operation in the receiving system of the orbital telescope Cosmic Origins Explorer (COrE), developed by the European Space Agency to measure the CMB.The proposed antenna is a planar metal layer on the dielectric substrate, and comprising a set of four slots intersecting each other at right angles. The composition also includes a set of microstrip lines for transmitting a signal from the resonant slots to cold-electron bolometers, and a lens for forming the main beam of the radiation diagram. Calculation of the antenna system is made by electrodynamic modeling software package CST Microwave Studio. As a result of the modeling, the radiation diagram of the antenna in two frequency channels as well as its frequency characteristics are obtained.The calculation gives the following characteristics of the receiving system on the basis of cross-slot antenna: width of the main beam of the radiation diagram – 24.3° and 19.5°, the ellipticity of the beam – 4.2 % and 0.3 %, the bandwidth – 14.9 GHz and 19.0 GHz, polarization resolution – 23.4 dB and 29.6 dB, where the former value refers to the 75 GHz channel, and the latter refers to 105 GHz channel.It is proposed to use a cross-slot antenna in dual-frequency mode together with resonant cold-electron bolometers to work in the receiving system of the orbital telescope COrE. Comparison of the calculated antenna characteristics with the requirements set by the European Space Agency, have shown the possibility of using this type of antenna as part COrE mission.
DEPENDENCE OF THE SPECKLE-PATTERNS SIZE AND THEIR CONTRAST ON THE BIOPHYSICAL AND STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES
Authors: Abramovich N. D. , Dick S. K. 
Published: July 2018

Speckle fields are widely used in optical diagnostics of biotissues and evaluation of the functional state of bioobjects. The speckle field is formed by laser radiation scattered from the object under study. It bears information about the average dimensions of the scatterers, the degree of surface roughness makes it possible to judge the structural and biophysical characteristics of individual tissue cells (particles), on the one hand, and the integral optical characteristics of the entire biological tissue. The aim of the study was – the determination of connections between the biophysical and structural characteristics of the biotissue and the light fields inside the biotissues.The model developed of the medium gives a direct relationship between the optical and biophysical parameters of the biotissue. Calculations were carried out using known solutions of the radiation transfer equation, taking into account the multilayer structure of the tissue, multiple scattering in the medium, and multiple reflection of irradiation between the layers.With the increase wavelength, the size of speckles formed by the non-scattered component (direct light) of laser radiation increases by a factor of 2 from 400 to 800 μm in the stratum corneum and 5 times from 0.6 to 3 μm for the epidermis and from 0.27 to 1.4 μm to the dermis. Typical values of sizes of speckles formed by the diffraction component of laser radiation for the stratum corneum and epidermis range from 0.02 to 0.15 μm. For the dermis typical spot sizes are up to 0.03 μm. The speckle-spot size of the diffusion component in the dermis can vary from ±10 % at 400 nm and up to ±23 % for 800 nm when the volume concentration of blood capillaries changes. Characteristic dependencies are obtained and biophysical factors associated with the volume concentration of blood and the degree of it’s oxygenation that affect the contrast of the speckle structure in the dermis are discussed.The of speckles׳ size in the layers of tissue varies from a share of micrometer to millimeter. The established dependence makes it possible to determine the depth of penetration of light into the biotissue based on the dimensions of speckles. Calculation of the contrast of the speckle structure of scattered light in visible spectral range at different depths in the biotissue made it possible to establish the dependence of the contrast value of the interference pattern on the degree of oxygenation of the blood and the volume concentration of capillaries in the dermis.
THE ENSURING FUNCTIONAL INTERCHANGEABILITY WHEN FORMING THE CONTROL COMPLEX OF INDICATORS OF THE INITIAL CONDITION OF THE CONSUMER OF SPORTS AND IMPROVING SERVICES
Authors: Khorloohiyn A. S. , Serenkov P. S. , Romanchack V. M. 
Published: July 2018

One of key elements of an engineering component quality management system of process of provision of sports and improving services in gyms is the subsystem of diagnostics of physical client state. The aim of the study was to increase in efficiency of functioning of a quality management system of process of provision of sports and improving services in gyms due to development of techniques of incorrect estimation of the initial client state.The task of formation of a complex of indices of the initial status by criterion of necessary informtiveness is formulated. The principle of the functional interchangeability as a methodological basis for its decision is reasonable. The hierarchical structure of an integral assessment of the initial client state of gym is offered. On its basis the hierarchical model of rating of informtiveness of a complex of the single (measured) indices, the providing objectivity of an integral assessment of the initial status is developed. The correctness of model is provided at the expense of a formulation of a complex of assumptions and original technology of application of different methods of expert estimation.The result of simulation of informtiveness of an integral assessment of the initial client state for a specific type of service and the purposes of physical enhancement includes: 1) library of sets of single indices, for each of which the technique and a monitoring aid, and also an informtiveness assessment in points, 2) the rules of support of the functional interchangeability of alternative complexes of indices by criterion of sufficiency of informtiveness of a complex based on additive models and the accepted restrictions is defined.The concept of a technique of formation of a complex of the measured and (or) evaluated indices of the initial client state for the specific type of sports and improving service adapted under material opportunities of gym on the one hand, and responding to criterion of necessary informtiveness and the principle of the functional interchangeability, on the other hand is offered.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON-SILICON DIOXIDE INTERFACE USING PROBE ELECTROMETRY METHODS
Authors: Pilipenko V. А. , Saladukha V. A. , Filipenya V. A. , Vorobey R. I. , Gusev O. K. , Zharin A. L. , Pantsialeyeu K. V. , Svistun A. I. , Tyavlovsky A. K. , Tyavlovsky K. L. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction of submicron design standards into microelectronic industry and a decrease of the gate dielectric thickness raise the importance of the analysis of microinhomogeneities in the silicon-silicon dioxide system. However, there is very little to no information on practical implementation of probe electrometry methods, and particularly scanning Kelvin probe method, in the interoperational control of real semiconductor manufacturing process. The purpose of the study was the development of methods for nondestructive testing of semiconductor wafers based on the determination of electrophysical properties of the silicon-silicon dioxide interface and their spatial distribution over wafer’s surface using non-contact probe electrometry methods.Traditional C-V curve analysis and scanning Kelvin probe method were used to characterize silicon- silicon dioxide interface. The samples under testing were silicon wafers of KEF 4.5 and KDB 12 type (orientation <100>, diameter 100 mm).Probe electrometry results revealed uniform spatial distribution of wafer’s surface potential after its preliminary rapid thermal treatment. Silicon-silicon dioxide electric potential values were also higher after treatment than before it. This potential growth correlates with the drop in interface charge density. At the same time local changes in surface potential indicate changes in surface layer structure.Probe electrometry results qualitatively reflect changes of interface charge density in silicon-silicon dioxide structure during its technological treatment. Inhomogeneities of surface potential distribution reflect inhomogeneity of damaged layer thickness and can be used as a means for localization of interface treatment defects.
TECHNIQUE AND DEVICE FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATION OF THE ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE OF VISCOELASTIC MEDIUM
Authors: Murav’eva O. V. , Murav’ev V. V. , Zlobin D. V. , Bogdan O. P. , Syakterev V. N. , Volkov V. V. 
Published: July 2018

Measuring the characteristics of process fluids allows us to evaluate their quality, biological tissues – to differentiate healthy tissues and tissues with pathologies. Measuring the characteristics of process fluids allows us to evaluate their quality, biological tissues – to differentiate healthy tissues and tissues with pathologies. One of the complex acoustic parameters is the impedance, which allows one to fully evaluate the characteristics of viscoelastic media. Most of impedance methods of measurements require using two or more reference media and the availability of calibrated acoustic transducers. The aim of this work ware introduced a methods and construction for the experimental evaluation of the longitudinal and shear impedance of viscoelastic media based on measuring the parameters of the amplitude-frequency characteristics and calculating the elements of the electric circuit for replacing the piezoelectric element which vibrating in the test medium.The paper introduces a methods and construction of the experimental evaluation of the impedances of viscoelastic media. The suggested methods is allowed measuring longitudinal and shear impedances and determining velocities of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves and the values of the elastic moduli of viscoelastic media, including in various aggregate states. The technique is fairly simple to implement and can be reproduced using simple laboratory equipment.The obtained values of the acoustic impedances of the investigated media are in satisfactory agreement with their reference data. In contrast to the known methods for determining the acoustic impedance, the developed technique allows us to estimate with sufficient accuracy the parameter of the shear impedance of viscoelastic media that is difficult to measure at the frequencies of the megahertz range, which determines the shear modulus of the material and characterizes its resistance to shear deformations. The results of the implementation of the developed technique for the estimation of acoustic parameters for a number of media with zero shear elasticity (alcohol, acetone) and viscoelastic media (glycerin, architectural clay, silicone sealant and glue МР-55 before and after polymerization) are presented.
THE METHOD OF GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEMS BASED ON ELECTRONIC TEST OBJECT
Authors: Kozhevnikov D. A. , Feodortsau R. V. 
Published: July 2018

Designing remote sensing of the Earth devices is requires a lot of attention to evaluation lens distortion level and providing the required accuracy values of geometric calibration of optoelectronic systems at all. Test- objects known as most common tools for optical systems geometric calibration. The purpose of the research was creating an automatically method of distortion correction coefficients calculating with a 3 μm precision in the measurement process. The method of geometric calibration of the internal orientation elements of the optical system based on the electronic test object is proposed. The calculation of the test string brightness image from its multispectral image and filtered signal extrema position determination are presented. Ratio of magnitude of the distortion and interval center is given. Three variants of electronic test-objects with different step and element size are considered. Оptimal size of calibration element was defined as 3×3 pixels due to shape of the subpixels with the aspect ratio of the radiating areas about 1 : 3. It is advisable to use IPS as an electronic test object template. An experimental test and measurement stand functional diagram based on the collimator and optical bench «OSK-2CL» is showed. It was determined that test objects with a grid spacing of 4 and 8 pixels can’t provide tolerable image because of non-collimated emission of active sites and scattering on optical surfaces – the shape of the elements is substantially disrupted. Test-object with a 12 pixels grid spacing was used to distortion level analyzing as most suitable.Ratio of coordinate increment and element number graphs for two photographic lenses (Canon EF-S 17-85 f/4-5.6 IS USM and EF-S 18-55 f/3.5-5.6 IS II) are presented. A calculation of the distortion values in edge zones was held, which were respectively 43 μm and 51.6 μm. The technique and algorithm of software implementation is described. Possible directions of the method development are mentioned.
METHODS OF DISTANCE MEASUREMENT’S ACCURACY INCREASING BASED ON THE CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF STEREO IMAGES
Authors: Kozlov V. L. 
Published: July 2018

To solve the problem of increasing the accuracy of restoring a three-dimensional picture of space using two-dimensional digital images, it is necessary to use new effective techniques and algorithms for processing and correlation analysis of digital images. Actively developed tools that allow you to reduce the time costs for processing stereo images, improve the quality of the depth maps construction and automate their construction. The aim of the work is to investigate the possibilities of using various techniques for processing digital images to improve the measurements accuracy of the rangefinder based on the correlation analysis of the stereo image. The results of studies of the influence of color channel mixing techniques on the distance measurements accuracy for various functions realizing correlation processing of images are presented. Studies on the analysis of the possibility of using integral representation of images to reduce the time cost in constructing a depth map areproposed. The results of studies of the possibility of using images prefiltration before correlation processing when distance measuring by stereo imaging areproposed.It is obtained that using of uniform mixing of channels leads to minimization of the total number of measurement errors, and using of brightness extraction according to the sRGB standard leads to an increase of errors number for all of the considered correlation processing techniques. Integral representation of the image makes it possible to accelerate the correlation processing, but this method is useful for depth map calculating in images no more than 0.5 megapixels. Using of image filtration before correlation processing can provide, depending on the filter parameters, either an increasing of the correlation function value, which is useful for analyzing noisy images, or compression of the correlation function.