bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 7S and 11S on the intestine of weaned piglets after injection and oral administration of soybean antigen protein
Authors: Peng Chenglu , Tang Xuebing , Shu Yingshuang , He Mengchu , Xia Xiaodong , Zhang Yu , Cao Chengming , Li Yu , Feng Shibin , Wang Xichun , Wu Jinjie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSoybeans are used increasingly in food products because of their health benefits. In this study, we investigated the effect of soybean antigen protein on weaned piglet intestine. Seventy piglets were randomly divided into seven groups with 10 piglets each. At 7 and 14 days of age, groups A–C were injected with saline, and D–G were intramuscularly injected with or orally administered 7S or 11S. Groups B–G were artificially sensitized by dietary 7S or 11S. At 27 days, the small intestinal tissues were collected to determine levels of histamine, sIgA protein, and IgA mRNA. Histamine in B–G was significantly decreased in the duodenum and ileum. Moreover, sIgA expression was higher in all groups than in A, with B/C>D–G and F/G>D/E; the trend in IgA expression was similar. Collectively, these results indicated that soybean antigen protein‐immunizing agents decrease sIgA and IgA levels. Additionally, the effect of injection immunization occurred prior to that of oral immunization.
3‐Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase supports endothelial cell angiogenesis and bioenergetics
Authors: Abdollahi Govar Armita , Törő Gábor , Szaniszlo Peter , Pavlidou Athanasia , Bibli Sofia‐Iris , Thanki Ketan , Resto Vicente A. , Chao Celia , Hellmich Mark R. , Szabo Csaba , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Módis Katalin 
Published: January 2019

Background and PurposeDuring angiogenesis, quiescent endothelial cells (ECs) are activated by various stimuli to form new blood vessels from pre‐existing ones in physiological and pathological conditions. Many research groups have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the newest member of the gasotransmitter family, acts as a proangiogenic factor. To date, very little is known about the regulatory role of 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3‐MST), an important H2S‐producing enzyme in ECs. The aim of our study was to explore the potential role of 3‐MST in human EC bioenergetics, metabolism, and angiogenesis.Experimental ApproachTo assess in vitro angiogenic responses, we used EA.hy926 human vascular ECs subjected to shRNA‐mediated 3‐MST attenuation and pharmacological inhibition of proliferation, migration, and tube‐like network formation. To evaluate bioenergetic parameters, cell respiration, glycolysis, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial/glycolytic ATP production were measured. Finally, global metabolomic profiling was performed to determine the level of 669 metabolic compounds.Key Results3‐MST‐attenuated ECs subjected to shRNA or pharmacological inhibition of 3‐MST significantly reduced EC proliferation, migration, and tube‐like network formation. 3‐MST silencing also suppressed VEGF‐induced EC migration. From bioenergetic and metabolic standpoints, 3‐MST attenuation decreased mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial ATP production, increased glucose uptake, and perturbed the entire EC metabolome.Conclusion and Implications3‐MST regulates bioenergetics and morphological angiogenic functions in human ECs. The data presented in the current report support the view that 3‐MST pathway may be a potential candidate for therapeutic modulation of angiogenesis.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Hydrogen Sulfide in Biology & Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.4/issuetoc
An ecosystem risk assessment of temperate and tropical forests of the Americas with an outlook on future conservation strategies
Authors: Ferrer‐Paris José Rafael , Zager Irene , Keith David A. , Oliveira‐Miranda María A. , Rodríguez Jon Paul , Josse Carmen , González‐Gil Mario , Miller Rebecca M. , Zambrana‐Torrelio Carlos , Barrow Edmund 
Published: January 2019

AbstractForests of the Americas and the Caribbean are undergoing rapid change as human populations increase and land use intensifies. We applied the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) criteria and simple cost‐efficiency analyses to provide the first regional perspective on patterns of relative risk integrated across multiple threats. Based on six indicators of ecosystem distribution and function, we find that 80% of the forest types and 85% of the current forest area is potentially threatened based on RLE criteria. Twelve forest types are Critically Endangered due to past or projected future deforestation, and Tropical Dry Forests and Woodland have highest threat scores. To efficiently reduce risks to forest ecosystems at national levels, scenario analyses show that countries would need to combine large forest protection measures with focused actions, tailored to their sociopolitical context, to help restore ecological functions in a selection of threatened forest types.
Development and evolution of color patterns in ladybird beetles: A case study in Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Ando Toshiya , Niimi Teruyuki 
Published: January 2019

Many organisms show various geometric color patterns on their bodies, and the developmental, evolutionary, genetic, and ecological bases of these patterns have been intensely studied in various organisms. Ladybird beetles display highly diverse patterns of wing (elytral) color and are one of the most attractive model organisms for studying these characteristics. In this study, we reviewed the genetic history of elytral color patterns in the Asian multicolored ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis from the classical genetic studies led by the pupils of Thomas Hunt Morgan and Theodosius Dobzhansky to recent genomic studies that revealed that a single GATA transcription factor gene, pannier, regulates the highly diverse elytral color patterns in this species. We also reviewed and discussed the developmental and evolutionary mechanisms driven by the pannier locus in H. axyridis. In the development sections, we focused on the following two topics: (a) how the red (carotenoid) and black (melanin) pigmentation of elytra is regulated by the pannier and pigmentation genes and (b) how the diverse color patterns are formed by integrating regulatory inputs from other genes involved in wing development. In the evolution section, we subsequently focused on the highly diversified DNA sequences within the first intron of pannier that are 56–76 kb long and that were generated through recurrent multiple inversions. Furthermore, we discussed how these recurrent inversions have driven the diversification of color patterns throughout evolution.
Preoperative botulinum neurotoxin A for children with bilateral cerebral palsy undergoing major hip surgery: a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Will Elspeth , Magill Nicholas , Arnold Rebecca , Davies Megan , Doherty Gary , Fairhurst Charlie , Roposch Andreas , Lundy Claire , Norman‐Taylor Fabian 
Published: January 2019

AimTo assess whether preoperative botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) affects pain after major hip surgery for children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was a randomized, parallel arms, placebo‐contolled trial. Children with hypertonic CP aged 2 to 15 years awaiting bony hip surgery at a tertiary hospital were randomized to receive either BoNT‐A or placebo injections into the muscles of the hip on a single occasion immediately before surgery. The primary outcome was the paediatric pain profile (PPP), which was assessed at baseline and weekly for 6 weeks. Treatment allocation was by minimization. Participants, clinicians, and outcome assessors were masked to group assignment.ResultsTwenty‐seven participants (17 males, 10 females; mean 8y 8mo [SD 3y 9mo], range 3y 4mo–15y 10mo) were allocated to BoNT‐A and 27 participants (14 males, 13 females; mean 8y 11mo [SD 3y 5mo], range 4y 1mo–15y 2mo) to placebo. Mean (SD) PPP at 6 weeks for the BoNT‐A group (n=24 followed up) was 10.96 (7.22) and for the placebo group (n=26) was 10.04 (8.54) (p=0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] –4.82, 3.18). There were 16 serious adverse events in total during 6 months of follow‐up (n=6 in BoNT‐A group).InterpretationUse of BoNT‐A immediately before bony hip surgery for reducing postoperative pain for children with CP was not supported.What this paper adds

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) does not reduce postoperative pain following bony hip surgery.

BoNT‐A also does not affect postoperative quality of life.
Specialized, multi‐component care for individuals with first‐episode psychosis: Effects on autonomy, competence and relatedness
Authors: Breitborde Nicholas J. K. , Pine Jacob G. , Moe Aubrey M. 
Published: January 2019

AimSelf‐determination theory (SDT) has demonstrated that human well‐being is associated with the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs (ie, autonomy, competence and relatedness)—with more recent research highlighting the applicability of SDT to individuals with first‐episode psychosis (FEP). These findings suggest that satisfaction of basic psychological need may be an important treatment target for specialized clinical programs for FEP.MethodsWe examined the effects of participation in specialized, multi‐component care for FEP on basic psychological need satisfaction.ResultsAfter 6 months of treatment, individuals with FEP experienced gains in autonomy and relatedness and a near significant improvement in competence.ConclusionsAlthough our results should be interpreted cautiously given the uncontrolled study design and small sample size, our data suggest that the benefits of participation in comprehensive, early intervention for psychotic disorders may include increased satisfaction of basic psychological needs.
Dimensional structure of first episode psychosis
Authors: Tonna Matteo , Ossola Paolo , Marchesi Carlo , Bettini Elena , Lasalvia Antonio , Bonetto Chiara , Lenzi Jacopo , Rucci Paola , Iozzino Laura , Cellini Massimo , Comacchio Carla , Cristofalo Doriana , D'Agostino Armando , de Girolamo Giovanni , De Santi Katia , Ghigi Daniela , Leuci Emanuela , Miceli Maurizio , Meneghelli Anna , Pileggi Francesca , Scarone Silvio , Santonastaso Paolo , Torresani Stefano , Tosato Sarah , Veronese Angela , Fioritti Angelo , Ruggeri Mirella ,   the GET UP Group
Published: January 2019

AimCurrent diagnostic systems, DSM‐5 and ICD‐10, still adopt a categorical approach to classify psychotic disorders. The present study was aimed at investigating the structure of psychotic symptomatology in both affective and non‐affective psychosis from a dimensional approach.MethodsParticipants with a first episode psychosis (FEP) were recruited from a cluster‐randomized controlled trial (GET‐UP PIANO TRIAL), offered to all Community Mental Health Centres (CMHCs) located across two northern Italian regions. After clinical stabilization, patients were assessed with a comprehensive set of psychopathological measures including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Bech‐Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale. A two‐step cluster analysis was performed.ResultsOverall, 257 FEP patients (male, n = 171, 66.5%; mean age = 24.96 ± 4.56) were included in the study. The cluster analysis revealed a robust four‐cluster solution: delusional‐persecutory (n = 82; 31.9%), depressed (n = 95; 37%), excited (n = 26; 10.1%) and negative‐disorganized (n = 54; 21%), thus suggesting a quadripartite structure with both affective and non‐affective dimensions. Among non‐affective dimensions, negative and disorganization symptoms constituted a unique construct apart from positive symptoms.ConclusionsSymptom dimensions may represent a useful tool for dissecting the indistinct and non‐specific psychopathology of FEP in order to better target specific interventions.
Ecoacoustics can detect ecosystem responses to environmental water allocations
Authors: Linke Simon , Deretic Jo‐Anne 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Globally, water abstraction for human consumption and irrigated agriculture leads to significant changes in aquatic ecosystems. To counter these detrimental effects, water releases—often termed environmental water allocations—restore overbank flow or are delivered to artificially disconnected wetlands. While a suite of monitoring methods is available, few programmes track continuous change in biota, mainly because repeated remote site visits can be prohibitively expensive.

In this paper, we propose a new approach to environmental flow monitoring, using ecoacoustic methods. We test acoustic monitoring of frog and waterbird responses to environmental water deliveries in the Goulburn Broken, a valley in the southern Murray–Darling river system. Response to three major environmental water deliveries within 2 years was monitored at four sites along Reedy swamp. Every 2 weeks, 30 s were recorded every 30 min, for a total of 24 hr.

We used two analysis strategies—manual counts of bird calls, as well as ecoacoustic indices, which describe the sonic properties of the acoustic spectrum at a site. Manual counts demonstrated that water‐dependent birds were clearly responding to environmental water deliveries, whereas non‐water‐dependent species did not show any increases in activity. After restricting the analysis to the dawn chorus of birds and frogs, two acoustic indices (the median amplitude and the acoustic complexity index) showed responses to watering events.

Ecoacoustic methods show promise for continuous response monitoring to environmental water allocations. However, the first strategy—manual annotation of calls—might be too labour intensive for standard monitoring programmes. The second strategy—index‐based approaches—can also detect ecological responses, although further investigation using control sites is needed. Automated call classifiers are an alternative that is currently being developed for endangered species. We also encourage simultaneous monitoring of the soundscape above and under water.
Improving reporting of meta‐ethnography: The eMERGe reporting guidance
Authors: France Emma F. , Cunningham Maggie , Ring Nicola , Uny Isabelle , Duncan Edward AS , Jepson Ruth G , Maxwell Margaret , Roberts Rachel J. , Turley Ruth L. , Booth Andrew , Britten Nicky , Flemming Kate , Gallagher Ian , Garside Ruth , Hannes Karin , Lewin Simon , Noblit George W. , Pope Catherine , Thomas James , Vanstone Meredith , Higginbottom Gina M. A. , Noyes Jane 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to provide guidance to improve the completeness and clarity of meta‐ethnography reporting.BackgroundEvidence‐based policy and practice require robust evidence syntheses which can further understanding of people's experiences and associated social processes. Meta‐ethnography is a rigorous seven‐phase qualitative evidence synthesis methodology, developed by Noblit and Hare. Meta‐ethnography is used widely in health research, but reporting is often poor quality and this discourages trust in and use of its findings. Meta‐ethnography reporting guidance is needed to improve reporting quality.DesignThe eMERGe study used a rigorous mixed‐methods design and evidence‐based methods to develop the novel reporting guidance and explanatory notes.MethodsThe study, conducted from 2015 ‐ 2017, comprised of: (1) a methodological systematic review of guidance for meta‐ethnography conduct and reporting; (2) a review and audit of published meta‐ethnographies to identify good practice principles; (3) international, multidisciplinary consensus‐building processes to agree guidance content; (4) innovative development of the guidance and explanatory notes.FindingsRecommendations and good practice for all seven phases of meta‐ethnography conduct and reporting were newly identified leading to 19 reporting criteria and accompanying detailed guidance.ConclusionThe bespoke eMERGe Reporting Guidance, which incorporates new methodological developments and advances the methodology, can help researchers to report the important aspects of meta‐ethnography. Use of the guidance should raise reporting quality. Better reporting could make assessments of confidence in the findings more robust and increase use of meta‐ethnography outputs to improve practice, policy, and service user outcomes in health and other fields. This is the first tailored reporting guideline for meta‐ethnography. This article is being simultaneously published in the following journals: Journal of Advanced Nursing, Psycho‐oncology, Review of Education, and BMC Medical Research Methodology.
Proposing a policy framework for nursing education for fostering compassion in nursing students: A critical review
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Maddigan Joy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsTo propose a policy framework for nursing education to foster compassion in nursing students.DesignA critical review.Data sourcesLiterature was searched in CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar and sources published from January 2008 ‐ April 2018 were reviewed.Review methodsWe screened abstracts and full‐texts using specific inclusion criteria, developed summary tables for data extraction and synthesized data logically to develop the framework.ResultsTwenty‐nine sources were reviewed. Recognizing, accepting, and alleviating patients’ suffering are direct indicators of compassionate care. Three policy directions were identified: ensure the nursing curriculum has an appropriate balance of teaching‐learning strategies that target learning in the affective domain, directly promote the use of reflection and the development of reflective thinking in students as an approach to enhance excellence in clinical practice and integrate information and assess students’ understanding and expression of compassion throughout the nursing curriculum.ConclusionCompassion is expressed when nurses authentically work to understand patients’ suffering and become sensitive to their experiences. Future research should focus on developing strategies that align with the affective domain and use reflection to optimize nursing students’ experiential learning.ImpactPolicies are needed for cultivating a compassionate care culture and for fostering students’ compassion, but no guidelines exist for nursing institutions. Targeting the affective learning domain, facilitating reflection, and integrating compassionate care indicators in clinical learning experiences can be useful. Therefore, nursing institutions can use these findings to integrate and measure compassionate care in clinical and educational curricula to foster students’ compassion.
A tentative new species Aphanomyces fennicus sp. nov. interferes with molecular diagnostic methods for crayfish plague
Authors: Viljamaa‐Dirks Satu , Heinikainen Sirpa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSeveral isolates of an unknown oomycete resembling the genus Aphanomyces were obtained into laboratory culture from samples of noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) in 2016–2017. The crayfish were kept in cages in connection with a study on an eventually persistent crayfish plague infection in a small Finnish lake, following an acute episode of the disease in 2010. Despite the close resemblance of the isolates to the causative agent of crayfish plague, Aphanomyces astaci, and the positive results obtained in OIE recommended A. astaci‐specific ITS‐based conventional PCR and qPCR molecular assays, the isolates can be distinguished from A. astaci by morphological features concerning hyphal structure and chlamydospore formation, as well as using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA‐polymerase chain reaction (RAPD‐PCR) method, microsatellite‐based genotyping, the pathogenicity test and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequencing. The name Aphanomyces fennicus sp. novum is proposed for this close relative of A. astaci. The detection of this tentative novel species giving false‐positive results in existing diagnostic assays for the crayfish plague highlights the importance of careful interpretation of the results from molecular methods, especially concerning crayfish with low‐level infections, excluding the possibility to verify the results from clinical or sequencing data.
Cost‐Benefit Analysis of Hearing Care Services: What Is It Worth to Medicare?
Authors: Willink Amber , Reed Nicholas S. , Lin Frank R. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveHearing care services for older adults with hearing aids are underutilized and are not covered by the Medicare program. Little information exists to the value of hearing care services for older adults with hearing aids. The objective of this analysis is to estimate the potential costs and benefits to the Medicare program of covering hearing care services.DesignCross‐sectional analysis using propensity score matching methods to create balanced and comparable groups. We conducted a 1:1 match of older Medicare beneficiaries with hearing aids who self‐reported use of hearing care services in the previous 12 months to those with hearing aids who did not use hearing care services. Groups were balanced on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as health status, functional impairment, and trouble hearing. We compared average total Medicare spending per person between matched groups, as well as by service type.SettingNationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States (Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey) 2013.ParticipantsStudy participants were limited to those in the survey who reported using hearing aids in 2013 (n = 1120).ResultsAverage annual Medicare spending was $8196 (95% confidence interval [CI] = $6670‐$9723) among Medicare beneficiaries who used hearing care services and $10,709 (95% CI = $8878‐$12,541) among matched controls who did not use hearing care services. Total spending per person was $2513 (95% CI = $150‐$4876) higher among those who did not use hearing care services, with spending differences driven mostly by higher‐skilled nursing facility (difference = $825; 95% CI = $193‐$1455) and home health (difference = $287; 95% CI = $7‐$568) spending among matched controls.ConclusionUtilization of hearing care services among older adults with hearing aids is associated with reduced Medicare spending. Increasing access to hearing care services among Medicare beneficiaries with hearing aids may provide value to the healthcare system and net savings to the Medicare program. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:784–789, 2019.
Contrasting Explicit With Implicit Measures of Children's Representations: The Case of Segmental Phonology
Authors: Ainsworth Steph , Welbourne Stephen , Woollams Anna , Hesketh Anne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCurrent theories of phonological development make contrasting predictions about the role of vocabulary growth and orthographic knowledge in the emergence of segmental phonological representations. Testing these predictions in children is made difficult by the metacognitive nature of tasks used to assess phonological representations. In this study, we used novel tasks to measure the sensitivity of 88 children (3 years 2 months–5 years 7 months) to phonological segments, without requiring them to have any explicit awareness of the sounds in words. We contrasted these measures with measures requiring explicit segmental analysis of word forms. Results showed that, although explicit segmental analysis is related to letter–sound knowledge, tasks measuring implicit segmental sensitivity provide evidence of segmental phonology related to vocabulary growth and not mediated by orthography. Findings highlight the importance of tapping into the structure of children's phonological representations using tasks that minimize the requirement for explicit awareness.