bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graded striatal learning factors enable switches between goal-directed and habitual modes, by reassigning behavior control to the fastest-computed representation that predicts reward
Authors: Patrick Sean , Bullock Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDifferent compartments of striatum mediate distinctive behavior-control modes, notably goal-directed versus habitual behavior. Normally, animals move back and forth between these modes as they adapt to changing contingencies of reward. However, this ability is compromised when dopaminergic drugs are used as reinforcers. These facts suggest that a set of biological variables, which make striatal decision making both highly plastic and uniquely sensitive to dopamine, contribute both to normal switches among modes and to the susceptibility for excessive habit formation when dopaminergic drugs serve as rewards. Indeed, data have revealed an impressive number of plasticity- and dopamine-related neural factors that vary systematically (with either increasing or decreasing gradients) across the rostral-ventral-medial to caudal-dorsal-lateral axis within striatum, the same axis implicated in switches among behavioral modes. Computer simulations reported here show how a dopamine-dependent parallel learning algorithm, if applied within modeled cortico-striatal circuits with parameters that reflect these striatal gradients, can explain normal mode switching, both into the habitual mode and returns to goal-directed mode, while also exhibiting a susceptibility to excessive habit formation when a dopaminergic drug serves as reward. With the same parameters, the model also directly illuminates: why interval and probabilistic reinforcement schedules are more habit forming than fixed-ratio schedules; why extinction learning is not (and should not be) a mirror image of acquisition learning; and why striatal decisions guided by reward-guided learning typically exhibit a highly sensitive tradeoff between speed and accuracy.
Do tipping motivations predict loyalty to the server in a restaurant?
Authors: Whaley Jeremy , Lee Jinha , Kim Youn-Kyung 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether guests’ tipping motivations (i.e. server quality, social norm and food quality) and demographic characteristics (i.e. gender, age and income) influence loyalty to the server in a restaurant.Design/methodology/approachBased on a national online survey consumer panel comprised of 468 participants, the authors utilized decision tree using R statistical software. Predictor variables were tipping motivations and demographic characteristics (age, gender and income). Target variable was loyalty to the server.FindingsThe findings suggest that social norm, food quality and income influence customers’ loyalty toward the same server on future visits. Social norm turned out to be the strongest predictor. If consumers did not have high social norm on tipping, their loyalty toward a particular server was affected by the combination of determinants such as server quality, social norm, income and food quality.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research can identify or develop scales of tipping motivations with stronger reliabilities in the context of restaurants. Future research can also explore other demographic differences (e.g. ethnicity and sexual orientation) in tipping motivations and server loyalty.Practical implicationsServers are indeed the primary contact point and they are in the most influential position with consumers. Overall, results of this study provide an interesting insight in that restaurant guests’ experience can be ruined by bad quality of food or can be mitigated by server quality. Thus, this research highlights a step-by-step process as to the actions that a server may perform and manage in order to enhance server loyalty.Originality/valueLoyalty has been examined in the context of products, brands or service providers. This study focuses on loyalty toward a specific server, because the consideration of server–guest relationship provides both a compelling and timely area of study in that restaurants continue to look for unique ways to drive server–guest rapport and customer loyalty.
A novel initiative contextualizing quality improvement and systems based practice in psychiatric clinical teaching settings
Authors: Li Luming , Gupta Nikhil , Wasser Tobias 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Mental health providers will be increasingly called on to lead psychiatric efforts to improve care and care redesign. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in the USA requires residency programs to teach quality improvement (QI) and systems-based practice (SBP) to all trainees as part of training requirements. However, teaching QI and SBP concepts without a clinical context can be challenging with low trainee engagement. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors describe curricular redesign with a specialized educator faculty task force that aimed to create a longitudinal curriculum that integrated abstract QI concepts into clinical practice settings, and helped trainees apply SBP concepts throughout residency. In addition, the authors describe the utilization of resident prescriber profiles to contextualize clinical practice habits, and the implementation of an educational case conference series with emphasis on QI-specific educational tools such as root cause analysis (RCA).

Findings
Formal resident feedback from 2016 to 2018 has demonstrated improved trainee satisfaction. The resulting curricular change has also led to a new chief resident role and sustained engagement in QI and SBP education by trainees.

Research limitations/implications
The faculty task force and curricular design changes described in this paper were implemented at one large academic institution. Thus, additional assessment and research is necessary to address the generalizability of the interventions described.

Originality/value
Since QI and SBP are becoming more prominent requirements for medical education accrediting bodies such as the ACGME, the innovative curricular design can benefit other residency and medical student education programs that attempt to integrate clinical practice with education incorporating QI and SBP concepts.
Exploring the influence of environmental and social standards in integrated management systems on economic performance of firms
Authors: Nadae Jeniffer de , Carvalho Marly M. , Vieira Darli Rodrigues 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the integration of management systems that include economic, social and environmental standards on economic performance.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology consists of analyzing reports of certified companies and secondary data on economic performance indicators. Two sample groups of companies were compared against each other. The core group is composed of companies that have integration of certification on each triple bottom line (TBL) dimensions, economic, environmental and social (ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001). The control group is composed of companies of the same size and sector (mirror sample) but without standards related to social and environmental dimensions. The comparative analysis of both core and control groups was performed based on non-parametric methods, such as the mood median test and structural equation modeling.FindingsSeveral economic performance indicators of both groups were statistically analyzed and compared. The results show that companies with integrated management systems (IMS) (core group) on a TBL perspective showed better economic performance compared to other companies of the control group. Moreover, this study shows that the industry sector influences this relation, particularly in the energy, chemical and petrochemicals, services and transportation sectors.Practical implicationsFor executives and managers, the results suggest that the amount invested in IMS in a TBL perspective increases the economic performance of companies, resulting in profitability, increased equity and sales growth. It reinforces the win–win perspective on sustainability in companies instead of the mindset on negative trade-offs on economics.Originality/valueThis research sheds light on controversies, discussed in the literature, concerning the positive vs negative effects on the economic performance of IMS, with social and environmental standards. The results show that economic performance is improved in companies of the core group.
Middle Managers’ Work in Recession and Austerity: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Harris Lloyd C. , Ogbonna Emmanuel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough researchers have explored the impacts of structural changes on managerial work, few insights have been generated into whether the turbulent economic environment induced by a recession and/or an extended period of austerity accelerate known changes to managerial work and/or whether recession/austerity are revealing or causing previously unknown effects. This paper explores and analyses middle managers’ reflections on how, if at all, their work is fundamentally changed by economic pressures such as recession and/or by choices of executives to impose such pressures during and post recession (commonly referred to as ‘austerity measures’). The findings suggest that middle managers responded to the recession and ongoing economic austerity in a differentiated manner, with the initial responses being largely positive. Responses became negative over time, with examples of disillusionment and cynicism, as middle managers believed that their superiors were using the disguise of recession and austerity to introduce changes that impacted profoundly on their working lives and those of their subordinates.
Greek Everyman: Andreas Papandreou at 100
Authors: Kassimeris George 
Published: April 2019

Abstract2019 marks 100 years since the birth of Andreas Papandreou, Greece's first socialist prime minister and an extraordinary figure of twentieth century European politics. Looking back, the central purpose of this article is to answer pivotal questions about Papandreou and his career. What have been the major turning points in his life? What were his main beliefs? What motivated him and his politics? What were his political priorities and methods? What did he want to achieve as prime minister? Why did he become so involved in foreign policy issues? What were his assets as prime minister? Did they outweigh his shortcomings as a politician and leader? Did power change him and how? What will be Papandreou's place in history?
Sensory quality and consumer acceptance of skim yoghurt produced with transglutaminase at pilot plant scale
Authors: García‐Gómez Belén , Romero‐Rodríguez Ángeles , Vázquez‐Odériz Lourdes , Muñoz‐Ferreiro Nieves , Vázquez Manuel 
Published: April 2019

The aim of this work was to obtain information about how sensory differences affect consumer acceptability for skim yoghurt obtained with transglutaminase (TG yoghurt). Skim yoghurt fortified with skim milk powder was used as control (Control yoghurt). Sensory descriptors were assessed by a trained panel (n = 16). Acceptance and preference were evaluated by consumers (n = 124). Results showed that TG yoghurt showed a sensory profile different to that of Control yoghurt. TG yoghurt was firmer and less creamy than Control yoghurt. The acceptance index was 59.7% for TG yoghurt and 70.5% for Control yoghurt. Consumers did not show a high rejection towards TG yoghurt.
Comparison Between the Internal and External Pressure Filtration Method of Cell‐Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy Using the Same Cancerous Ascites
Authors: Yamada Sachie , Hasegawa Midori , Nii Norio , Kato Masao , Ohashi Atsushi , Suzuki Ryota , Komatsu Masakazu , Abe Kosei , Hata Yosuke , Takahashi Kazuo , Hayashi Hiroki , Koide Shigehisa , Tsuboi Naotake , Inaguma Daijo , Yuzawa Yukio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) by internal filtration pressure method (internal method) and external filtration pressure method (external method) using the same cancerous ascites was performed. The rate of rise in circuit pressure and recovered components were compared between the two methods. The factors related to circuit pressure rise were also researched. In both methods, circuit pressure rose in 50% of cases. The recovery rates of IgG, IgA, IgM, and haptoglobin were significantly higher for the internal method than for the external method, whereas the recovery rate of α1‐antitrypsin was significantly lower in the internal method than in the external method. The levels of IL‐6, haptoglobin, α1‐antitrypsin, and fibrinogen/fibrindegradation products (FDP) in the original ascites were significantly higher in the group wherein circuit pressure rose than in that without circuit pressure rise. These proteins might be related to the rise in circuit pressure.
Ancestry informative SNP panels for discriminating the major East Asian populations: Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean
Authors: Shi Cheng‐Min , Liu Qi , Zhao Shilei , Chen Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAncestry informative markers play an important role in medical genetics and forensic analyses. Several ancestry informative SNP panels have been developed and validated that can differentiate global populations into continental or major regional groups. These global panels have served as good first‐tier genetic markers; however, their performance in discriminating populations within regions appears unsatisfactory. To boost ancestry inference for regional populations, second‐tier panels with more refined discrimination power among subpopulations within each of the regions need to be developed. In East Asia, Han Chinese, Japanese, and Korean show highly similar externally visible characteristics and are genetically closely related. Reliable ancestry informative genetic markers appear invaluable in discriminating these populations. In the present study, we compiled a genome‐wide SNP dataset composing of 317,439 clean SNPs for a total of 1101 unrelated individuals from Han Chinese (817), Koreans (184), and Japanese (100). From this starting dataset, we developed a set of four nested ancestry informative SNP panels including 36, 59, 98, and 142 SNPs, respectively. The results of cross‐validation tests indicate that these panels can discriminate the Chinese Han, Japanese, and Korean populations with overall average accuracies ranging from 90% to 99%. In the further performance assessments, these panels also manifested high sensitivity and specificity. In combination with the first‐tier global panels, these second‐tier panels would contribute to medical genetics and forensic research in East Asia.
Fast Activism: Resisting Mobile Policies
Authors: Lauermann John , Vogelpohl Anne 
Published: April 2019

Abstract“Fast” urban policy is increasingly common as city leaders draw on globally mobile policy models to accelerate the policymaking process. Critics have responded with new types of “fast activism” strategies. Fast activists plan temporary and strategically timed campaigns, use relationally local messaging that jumps between global and local political critiques, and organise ideologically diverse coalitions to mobilise quickly against policy proposals. This was observed in protest campaigns against Olympic bids in Boston (USA) and Hamburg (Germany). Protesters successfully opposed mega‐event planning in both cities by combining all three tactics within a short period of time. The paper presents a comparative study of the Boston and Hamburg protests, drawing from qualitative fieldwork on the campaigns in both cities. The paper contributes by conceptualising an emerging mode of urban opposition, and by evaluating how this type of resistance changes local receptions of fast and mobile urban policy.
Improvement in enhanced liver fibrosis score and liver stiffness measurement reflects lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liang Lilian Yan , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Tse Yee‐Kit , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe Liver stiffness measurement hepatocellular carcinoma (LSM‐HCC) score predicts HCC accurately in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).AimTo assess the ability of LSM‐HCC combined with enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score to predict HCC in CHB patients who received anti‐viral treatment.MethodsCHB patients who had transient elastography examinations in 2006‐2013 with intermediate and high risk of HCC by LSM‐HCC score (ie 11 or above) were assessed by repeat transient elastography at least 3 years later. ELF score was assessed by retrieving the stored serum samples 4 weeks within transient elastography examination. The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of HCC.ResultsA total of 453 CHB patients (mean age 51.7 ± 10.3 years; male 74.4%) were recruited, 45 patients (9.9%) developed HCC during the mean follow‐up of 56 months. Regarding LSM‐HCC score, 71.4%, 24.3% and 4.3% of patients had LSM‐HCC score improved, remained static and deteriorated respectively; whereas 36.9%, 57.8% and 5.3% of patients had ELF score improved, remained static and deteriorated respectively. The sensitivity (86.7%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (95.3%) of combined LSM‐HCC and ELF score were higher than that of each score alone. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that ELF score would help further differentiate the HCC risk in patients with intermediate risk by LSM‐HCC score (P = 0.026), but not in patients with high risk by LSM‐HCC score (P = 0.770).ConclusionsThe two‐step algorithm combining LSM‐HCC score and ELF score could improve the accuracy of predicting HCC of CHB patients receiving anti‐viral treatment.
Connected for health: Examining the use of a health‐related social media platform for children with chronic medical conditions
Authors: Cate‐Carter Tasha D. , Schnurr Katherine , Stinson Jennifer , McPherson Amy C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with chronic medical conditions often experience limited opportunities for social experiences due to frequent hospitalizations and medical appointments. Computer technology can provide valuable opportunities for social inclusion through online communities. However, moderation has been shown to be an important component of safe and successful use. This paper explores the potential of a social media platform technology, Upopolis, to promote social connection and health‐related management for children with chronic medical conditions, as well as the role of the coordinators who support children's use.MethodsThis study conducted qualitative in‐depth, semi‐structured telephone interviews with hospital‐based child life specialists across Canada who acted as coordinators for Upopolis. Thematic analysis was employed on verbatim interview transcripts.ResultsSeven Upopolis coordinators (n = 7 female) from across Canada participated in six telephone interviews. Four themes were identified: First, Upopolis offered opportunities for connection (social and emotional) through receiving and giving support to others in similar situations. Second, Upopolis was considered safe and reliable for younger children (under 12) within the broader social media landscape. Third, Upopolis was a helpful resource for children to learn about medical diagnoses and procedures, as well as for expressing their experiences and reducing isolation. Fourth, participants identified that time, misuse of technology, and technical problems were challenges to the successful coordination of Upopolis.ConclusionsChildren with chronic medical conditions were reported to use Upopolis to develop a greater social community. Specialized websites such as Upopolis have the potential to offer a safe online social networking opportunity where children can discuss what is happening to them, compared with other mainstream social media platforms. Given the increase in technology use in health and high usage of social media among children generally, these data can potentially inform the development and implementation of other specialist health‐related online platforms for children with chronic medical conditions.
Voice dissatisfaction in individuals with a disorder of sex development
Authors: Nygren Ulrika , Södersten Maria , Thyen Ute , Köhler Birgit , Nordenskjöld Agneta ,   the dsd‐LIFE Group
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveChanges of sex hormone levels in disorders of sex development (DSD) can affect the body, including the vocal folds, during and after foetal development. The voice is a gender characteristic that may also be affected. There is a lack of knowledge on voice alteration in DSD. To explore this in different forms of DSD, we describe the prevalence of voice alterations and investigate patient satisfaction with voice.DesignThe study is part of dsd‐LIFE, a multicentre cross‐sectional clinical evaluation project assessing the long‐term outcomes of surgical, hormonal and psychological interventions in individuals with DSD.PatientsThe study included 1040 individuals with different forms of DSD, that is Turner and Klinefelter syndromes, different degrees of gonadal dysgenesis and 46 XY DSD. Participants were recruited through patient advocacy groups and health care.MeasurementsSatisfaction with voice, Adam's apple, if patient's self‐identified gender was mistaken on the phone leading to distress.ResultsA vast majority of the participants with DSD (between 58.3% to 82% in various groups) were not satisfied with their voice, and approximately 15% (n = 147) were mistaken on the phone in accordance with self‐identified gender. For 102 participants, this caused distress.ConclusionsWe have identified that voice problems are a cause of distress in all forms of DSD. This result needs to be confirmed and compared with controls. We recommend that evaluation of the voice should be included in future international guidelines for management of DSD.
Immediate loading of multiple splinted implants via complete digital workflow: A pilot clinical study with 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Jiang Xi , Lin Ye , Cui Hong Y. , Di Ping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundComplete digital workflow attracts more attention in implant dentistry.ObjectivesTo explore the feasibility and short‐term clinical results of immediate loading of multiple implants with fixed temporary bridges (2‐4 teeth span) by complete digital workflow, and to evaluate the three‐dimensional (3D) deviation of digital impression comparing with traditional impression method.Material and MethodsA total of 31 partial edentulous patients (16 females and 15 males) were recruited in this study. Digital impressions were taken immediately after implant placement, and implant‐supported splinted temporary bridges were fabricated through a full digital approach (model free) and delivered within 24 hours. Final restorations were finished 4 months after surgery via traditional impression technique. Subjects were followed 1 year after treatment. 3D impression deviations were analyzed by comparing the digital and conventional impression methods. Time costs for the full digital approach were recorded. Implant survival rate, marginal bone levels were evaluated.ResultsAll the recruited subjects finished this study. Seventy‐four implants were surgically placed and immediately loaded with 34 temporary bridges fabricated through a full digital approach. Digital impression deviation compared with traditional impression method was 27.43 ± 13.47 μm. Time costs for chair side and laboratory were 32.55 ± 4.73 and 69.30 ± 10.87 minutes, respectively. Marginal bone alterations were −1.58 mm and −1.69 mm at the time of 4 and 12 months after surgery. The implants had a survival rate of 100% at the 1‐year follow‐up time.ConclusionsImmediate loading of multiple implants in partial edentulous (2‐4 teeth span) patients with full digital approach is clinically applicable. The 3D discrepancy between digital and traditional impression is within clinical acceptable range.