bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic cardiac arrest triage score best predicts mortality after intervention in patients with massive and submassive pulmonary embolism
Authors: Hirai Taishi , Tate Steven , Dryer Kathryn , Jones Deshon , Rosenberg Jonathan , Nathan Sandeep , Shah Atman P. , Carey Kyle , Churpek Matthew , Edelson Dana , Friant Janet , Paul Jonathan , Blair John E. A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the cardiac arrest triage (CART) Score would better predict poor outcomes after pharmacomechanical therapy (PMT) for massive and submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) than traditional risk scoresBackgroundPMT for massive and submassive PE allows for clot lysis with minimal doses of fibrinolytics. Although PMT results in improved right ventricular function, and reduced pulmonary pressures and thrombus burden, predictors of poor outcome are not well‐studied.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent PMT for massive or submassive PE at a single institution from 2010 to 2016. The CART score and electronic CART (eCART) score, derived previously as early warning scores for hospitalized patients, were compared to pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) comparing the area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting 30‐day mortality.ResultsWe studied 61 patients (56 ±17 years, 44.0% male, 29.5% massive PE, mean PESI 114.6 ± 42.7, mean CART 13.5 ± 1.39, mean eCART 108.5 ± 28.6). Thirty‐day mortality was 24.6%. Treatments included rheolytic thrombectomy (32.7%), catheter‐directed thrombolysis (50.8%), ultrasound‐assisted thrombolysis (32.7%), and mechanical thrombectomy (4.9%). There were no differences in outcome based on technique. The eCART and CART scores had higher AUCs compared to PESI in predicting 30‐day mortality (0.84 vs 0.72 vs 0.69, P = .010). We found troponin I and pro‐BNP were higher in higher eCART tertiles, however AUCs were 0.51 and 0.63, respectively for 30‐day mortality when used as stand‐alone predictors.ConclusionCompared to PESI score, CART and eCART scores better predict mortality in massive or submassive PE patients undergoing PMT.
Infective endocarditis following transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair: A systematic review
Authors: Asmarats Lluis , Rodriguez‐Gabella Tania , Chamandi Chekrallah , Bernier Mathieu , Beaudoin Jonathan , O'Connor Kim , Dumont Eric , Dagenais François , Paradis Jean‐Michel , Rodés‐Cabau Josep 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) after edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair with the MitraClip device.BackgroundTranscatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair has emerged as an alternative to surgery in high‐risk patients. However, few data exist on IE following transcatheter mitral procedures.MethodsFour electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched for original published studies on IE after edge‐to‐edge transcatheter mitral valve repair from 2003 to 2017.ResultsA total of 10 publications describing 12 patients with definitive IE (median age 76 years, 55% men) were found. The mean logistic EuroSCORE/EuroSCORE II were 41% and 45%, respectively. The IE episode occurred early (within 12 months post‐procedure) in nine patients (75%; within the first month in five patients). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent (60%) causal microorganism, and severe mitral regurgitation was present in all cases but one. Surgical mitral valve replacement (SMVR) was performed in most (67%) patients, and the mortality associated with the IE episode was high (42%).ConclusionsIE following transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair is a rare but life‐threatening complication, usually necessitating SMVR despite the high‐risk profile of the patients. These results highlight the importance of adequate preventive measures and a prompt diagnosis and treatment of this serious complication.
Ventricular tachycardia revealing drug abuse induced myocarditis: two case reports
Authors: Ouali Sana , Guermazi Omar , Ben Halima Manel , Boudiche Selim , Khedher Nadim , Adeljalil Farhati , Meghaeith Fathia , Larbi Nourreddine , Mourali Mohamed Samid 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageIllicit drugs are an uncommon etiology of acute myocarditis but should be evocated in young population. This association may result in further complications, mainly ventricular arrhythmia and therefore increases sudden cardiac deaths among young abusers. Withholding drug intoxication to prevent recurrent events is a major key of management.
Multivariate patent analysis—Using chemometrics to analyze collections of chemical and pharmaceutical patents
Authors: Sjögren Rickard , Stridh Kjell , Skotare Tomas , Trygg Johan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPatents are an important source of technological knowledge, but the amount of existing patents is vast and quickly growing. This makes development of tools and methodologies for quickly revealing patterns in patent collections important. In this paper, we describe how structured chemometric principles of multivariate data analysis can be applied in the context of text analysis in a novel combination with common machine learning preprocessing methodologies. We demonstrate our methodology in 2 case studies. Using principal component analysis (PCA) on a collection of 12338 patent abstracts from 25 companies in big pharma revealed sub‐fields which the companies are active in. Using PCA on a smaller collection of patents retrieved by searching for a specific term proved useful to quickly understand how patent classifications relate to the search term. By using orthogonal projections to latent structures (O‐PLS) on patent classification schemes, we were able to separate patents on a more detailed level than using PCA. Lastly, we performed multi‐block modeling using OnPLS on bag‐of‐words representations of abstracts, claims, and detailed descriptions, respectively, showing that semantic variation relating to patent classification is consistent across multiple text blocks, represented as globally joint variation. We conclude that using machine learning to transform unstructured data into structured data provide a good preprocessing tool for subsequent chemometric multivariate data analysis and provides an easily interpretable and novel workflow to understand large collections of patents. We demonstrate this on collections of chemical and pharmaceutical patents.
Model and estimators for partial least squares regression
Authors: Helland Inge Svein , Sæbø Solve , Almøy Trygve , Rimal Raju 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPartial least squares (PLS) regression has been a very popular method for prediction. The method can in a natural way be connected to a statistical model, which now has been extended and further developed in terms of an envelope model. Concentrating on the univariate case, several estimators of the regression vector in this model are defined, including the ordinary PLS estimator, the maximum likelihood envelope estimator, and a recently proposed Bayes PLS estimator. These are compared with respect to prediction error by systematic simulations. The simulations indicate that Bayes PLS performs well compared with the other methods.
Pillararene‐Based Two‐Component Thixotropic Supramolecular Organogels: Complementarity and Multivalency as Prominent Motifs
Authors: Zafrani Yossi , Kaizerman Dana , Hadar Maya , Bigan Nitzan , Granot Eran , Ghosh Moumita , Adler‐Abramovich Lihi , Patolsky Fernando , Cohen Yoram 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRationally designed two‐component supramolecular organogels based on multiple chemical interactions between percarboxylato‐ and peramino‐pillararenes are described. Mixing low concentration solutions (<1 % w/v) of decacarboxylato‐pillar[5]arene (1) with decaamino‐pillar[5]arenes (2 b–d) affords, rapidly and without heating, organogels displaying an exceptional combination of properties. These supramolecular organogels, the characteristics of which are tunable, were found to be thixotropic and thermally stable, with Tgel values in some cases exceeding the boiling point of the embedded solvent. It is demonstrated that both structural complementarity and multivalency are important determinants in the gelation process of these attractive soft materials.
Co@C Nanoparticle Embedded Hierarchically Porous N‐Doped Hollow Carbon for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Feng Taotao , Qin Hancheng , Zhang Meining 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe rational construction of highly active and stable non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an ongoing challenge for practical applications of catalysts. Here, we report a novel nanostructured hollow N‐doped carbon hybrid through pyrolysis of silica@CoZn‐coordinated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. The carbon layer encased cobalt nanoparticles were embedded in the hierarchically porous carbon catalyst (Co@C‐HN‐hC). Profiting from the synergistic effect between highly active Co@C NPs and HN‐hC, the Co@C‐HN‐hC catalyst exhibited remarkable catalytic performances as compared to porous N‐doped hollow carbon (N‐hC) and N‐doped carbon encased Co NPs (Co@N‐C). The electrochemical measurements show that the performances of the Co@C‐HN‐hC catalyst is close to that of the Pt/C catalysts, along with an excellent stability and durability in the ORR process. This study provides a guideline for controllable design of carbon‐based ORR catalysts for substituting noble metal catalysts.
Tuning Spin‐Spin Interactions in Radical Dendrimers
Authors: Lloveras Vega , Liko Flonja , Pinto Luiz F. , Muñoz‐Gómez José L. , Veciana Jaume , Vidal‐Gancedo José 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo generations of polyphosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers were synthesized and fully functionalized with TEMPO radicals via acrylamido or imino group linkers to evaluate the impact of the linker substitution on the radical‐radical interactions. A drastic change in the way that the radicals interacted among them was observed by EPR and CV studies: while radicals in Gn‐imino‐TEMPO dendrimers presented a strong spin‐spin interaction, in the Gn‐acrylamido‐TEMPO ones they acted mainly as independent radicals. This shows that these interactions could be tuned by the solely substitution of the radical linker, opening the perspective of controlling and modulating the extension of these interactions depending on each application. The chemical properties of the linker strongly influence the spin‐spin exchange between pendant radicals.
Spruce shows greater sensitivity to recent warming than Douglas‐fir in central British Columbia
Authors: Wiley Erin , Rogers Bruce J. , Griesbauer Hardy P. , Landhäusser Simon M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effects of climate change on tree growth in ecosystems limited by cold temperature remain unclear. In some cases, growth may increase, but because warmer temperatures can increase water stress, growth may also decline. As climate changes in the sub‐boreal spruce (SBS) zone in central British Columbia, hybrid white spruce (Picea engelmannii × glauca)—a dominant but drought‐intolerant species of this region—is predicted to decline over much of its range, while species such as Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) are likely to replace spruce. To see whether these shifts are already evident, we examined recent trends in basal area increment (BAI) of these two species over the past 50 yr (1961–2010) and explored relationships with climate variables in the SBS zone across a range of sites varying in water availability due to differences in climate and soil moisture regimes. In addition, we analyzed wood δ13C during this period and root carbohydrate reserve (NSC) concentrations at the end of this period as indicators of water and carbon stress, respectively, to help interpret growth trends and climate relationships among sites. Spruce BAI was negatively associated with spring and/or summer temperature on all sites, but growth was never negatively correlated with temperature in Douglas‐fir. For both species, lower BAI on the driest site was accompanied by higher δ13C and lower root NSC reserve concentrations, particularly starch, consistent with drought stress reducing water and carbon availability for growth. However, there was no indication that the negative growth response to temperature was more pronounced on drier sites, as the only growth decline in spruce occurred on a mesic site with lower δ13C. We conclude that rising temperatures are likely to negatively impact the growth of spruce more than Douglas‐fir in the SBS zone, supporting predictions that spruce will decline and be replaced by other species like Douglas‐fir. And while rising temperatures may have already reduced growth on some sites, these declines are not clearly related to increasing drought stress but may relate to effects on the timing of snowmelt.
Coupling Phenomena in Magnetocaloric Materials
Authors: Waske Anja , Dutta Biswanath , Teichert Niclas , Weise Bruno , Shayanfar Navid , Becker Andreas , Hütten Andreas , Hickel Tilmann 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStrong coupling effects in magnetocaloric materials are the key factor to achieve a large magnetic entropy change. Combining insights from experiments and ab initio calculations, we review relevant coupling phenomena, including atomic coupling, stress coupling, and magnetostatic coupling. For the investigations on atomic coupling, we have used Heusler compounds as a flexible model system. Stress coupling occurs in first‐order magnetocaloric materials, which exhibit a structural transformation or volume change together with the magnetic transition. Magnetostatic coupling has been experimentally demonstrated in magnetocaloric particles and fragment ensembles. Based on the achieved insights, we have demonstrated that the materials properties can be tailored to achieve optimized magnetocaloric performance for cooling applications.
The IDEMCare Study—Improving Dementia Care in Black African and Caribbean Groups: A feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Roche Moïse , Mukadam Naaheed , Adelman Simon , Livingston Gill 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveWe evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a tailored evidence‐based intervention, consisting of a leaflet and a letter, to encourage timely help‐seeking for dementia in Black elders.MethodsParticipating GP surgeries were randomised to send either the intervention or a control leaflet about ageing well to Black patients aged ≥50 years old without known dementia. We interviewed patients 2 weeks later about the intervention's acceptability using closed and open‐ended questions, and they completed a Theory‐of‐Planned‐behaviour questionnaire about what they would do if they developed memory problems, which they also completed 4 months later.ResultsFive of 26 surgeries approached agreed to invite patients. Sixty‐five patients responded, of whom 61 (93.8%) agreed to participate. At 2 weeks, we consented and interviewed 47/61 (77%), of whom 24 received the intervention, and at 4 months we followed up 43/47 (91.5%). At 2 weeks, 44/47 (93.6%) found either intervention acceptable to receive by post, including 23/24 of the intervention. Nineteen of 24 (79.2%) reported reading the intervention leaflet compared with 13/23 (56.5%) controls. The intervention leaflet made 16/24 (66.7%) think about visiting their doctor for memory problems and led 4 to help‐seeking behaviour. We calculated that 191 patients and 24 surgeries are required for an efficacy trial.ConclusionsGiven the intervention is acceptable, inexpensive, and unlikely to cause harm, we judge it appropriate to disseminate it without a full‐scale trial. Recruitment attainment, retention, and projected sample size calculation indicated feasibility for a larger trial.
Pacemaker programming in patients with first‐degree AV‐block: Programming pattern and possible consequences
Authors: Holmqvist F. , Rathakrishnan B. , Jackson L.R. , Campbell K. , Daubert J.P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal way of pacing in patients with an indication for pacing and concomitant first‐degree atrioventricular (AV)–block is not known, and consequently, firm guidelines on this topic are lacking. This study explored the current pacemaker programming pattern in patients with first‐degree AV‐block who have a dual chamber pacemaker without cardiac resynchronization.MethodsThe study was a retrospective chart review conducted at Duke University Hospital. Patients receiving a pacemaker due to sinus node dysfunction with coexistent first‐degree AV‐block were studied. Baseline demographics and characteristics, as well as pacemaker programming parameters and follow‐up data, were collected through chart review. Preimplantation and postimplantation electrocardiograms were analyzed.ResultsA total of 74 patients were included (mean age, 75 ± 11 y; 53% men). The mean ± SD preimplant PR interval and QRS duration was 243 ± 46 and 110 ± 30 milliseconds, respectively. A history of atrial fibrillation was present in 49% of the patients, and 77% had a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. The majority of patients (65%) had their pacemakers programmed to atrial pacing (AAI/DDD +/−R), whereas 32% and 2.7% of the pacemakers were programmed to AV‐sequential pacing (DDD) and ventricular pacing (VVI), respectively. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or electrocardiogram measures between patients programmed to the 3 pacing modes. Patients with pacemakers programmed to AAI had a lower ventricular pacing percentage at follow‐up (8 vs 55, and 46% [DDD and VVI, respectively]; P < .001).ConclusionsThere was no evident association between baseline characteristics and programmed pacing mode in patients with first‐degree AV‐block. The choice of pacing mode affects long‐term pacing burden, which in turn has been shown to influence outcome.
Deprescribing medications for older adults in the primary care context: A mixed studies review
Authors: Gillespie Robyn J. , Harrison Lindsey , Mullan Judy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsThis review investigates the factors that influence deprescribing of medications in primary care from the perspective of general practitioners (GPs) and community‐living older adults.MethodsA mixed studies review structure was adopted searching Scopus, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ProQuest, and PubMed from January 2000 to December 2017. A manual search of reference lists was also conducted. Studies were included if they were original research available in English and explored general deprescribing rather than deprescribing of a specific class of medications. The Mixed Methods Assessment Tool was used to assess the quality of studies, and content analysis generated common categories across studies.ResultsThirty‐eight articles were included, and 7 key categories were identified. The review found that the factors that influence deprescribing are similar across and within health systems and mostly act as barriers. These factors remained unchanged across the review period. The structural organisation of health systems remains poorly suited to facilitate deprescribing. Individual knowledge gaps of both GPs and older adults influence practices and attitudes towards deprescribing, and significant communication gaps occur between GPs and specialists and between GPs and older adults. As a result, deprescribing decision making is characterised by uncertainty, and deprescribing is often considered only when medication problems have already arisen. Trust plays a complex role, acting as both a barrier and facilitator of deprescribing.ConclusionsDeprescribing is influenced by many factors. Despite recent interest, little change has occurred. Multilevel strategies aimed at reforming aspects of the health system and managing uncertainty at the practice and individual level, notably reducing knowledge limitations and closing communications gaps, may achieve change.
Impact of water transfer on interaction between surface water and groundwater in the lowland area of North China Plain
Authors: Kong Xiaole , Wang Shiqin , Liu Bingxia , Sun Hongyong , Sheng Zhuping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe contradiction between the freshwater shortage and the large demand of freshwater by irrigation was the key point in cultivated lowland area of North China Plain. Water transfer project brings fresh water from water resource‐rich area to water shortage area, which can in turn change the hydrological cycle in this region. Major ions and stable isotopes were used to study the temporal variations of interaction between surface water and groundwater in a hydrological year after a water transfer event in November 2014. Irrigation canal received transferred Yellow River, with 2.9% loss by evaporation during water transfer process. The effect of transferred water on shallow groundwater decreased with increasing distance from the irrigation canal. Pit pond without water transfer receives groundwater discharge. During dry season after water transfer event, shallow groundwater near the irrigation canal was recharged by lateral seepage and deep percolation of irrigation, whereas shallow groundwater far from irrigation canal was recharged by deep percolation of deep groundwater irrigation. Canal water lost by evaporation was 2.7–17.4%. Influence of water transfer gradually disappeared until March as the water usage of agricultural irrigation increased. In the dry season, groundwater discharged to irrigation canal and pond; 2.2–31.6% canal water and 11.3–20.0% pond water were lost by evaporation. In the rainy season (June to September), surface water was fed mainly by precipitation and surface run‐off, whereas groundwater was recharged by infiltration of precipitation. The two‐end member mix model showed that the mixing ratio of precipitation in pond and irrigation canal were 73–83.4% (except one pond with 28.1%) and 77.3–99.9%, respectively. Transferred water and precipitation were the important recharge sources for shallow groundwater, which decreased groundwater salinity in cultivated lowland area of North China Plain. With the temporary and spatial limitation of water transfer effects, increased water transfer amounts and frequency may be an effective way of mitigating regional water shortage. In addition, reducing the evaporation of surface water is also an important way to increase the utilization of transfer water.
Association of pre‐eclampsia with SOD2 Ala16Val polymorphism among mother–father–infant triads
Authors: Luo Zhong‐Cheng , Julien Pierre , Wei Shu‐Qin , Audibert Francois , Fraser William D. ,   the Maternal and Infant Research on Oxidative Stress (MIROS) study group
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether pre‐eclampsia is associated with polymorphisms in superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes among mother–father–infant triads.MethodsWe did this follow‐up cohort study at 17 urban hospitals in Canada between October 1, 2008, and September 30, 2010. We recruited Canadian participants who had participated in the International Trial of Antioxidant Supplementation for the Prevention of Pre‐eclampsia. Saliva specimens were collected for DNA extraction. The SOD1 +35A/C (rs2234694) and SOD2 Ala16Val C/T (rs4880) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped.ResultsDual presence of the SOD2 Ala16Val TT variant among mother–father pairs (n=657) was associated with an increased risk of pre‐eclampsia when compared with the absence of the TT variant among the mother–father pairs (7/48 [14.6%] vs 11/339 [3.2%]; adjusted odds ratio 6.80, 95% confidence interval 2.32–19.95; P<0.001). By contrast, presence of a single T variant in mother–father pairs (16/270 [5.9%]) or mother–infant pairs (8/179 [4.5%]) was not associated with pre‐eclampsia. The SOD1 +35A/CSNP was not associated with pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionThe SOD2 Ala16Val SNP might be involved in paternal influence on the maternal predisposition to pre‐eclampsia. Genotyping of mother–father pairs could be a promising strategy to identify pre‐eclampsia genes.