bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Transition Piece Designs on the Resilience of Large Offshore Wind Turbines Subject to Combined Earthquake, Wind and Wave Loads and Soil‐Structure Interaction
Authors: Fairley Nadeem , Fatahi Behzad , Hokmabadi Aslan S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe urgent global drive to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has significantly boosted renewable energy production, notably expanding offshore wind energy across the globe. With the technological evolution enabling higher‐capacity turbines on larger foundations, these installations are increasingly situated in earthquake‐prone areas, underscoring the critical need to ensure their seismic resilience as they become a pivotal component of the global energy infrastructure. This study scrutinises the dynamic behaviour of a 15 MW offshore wind turbine (OWT) under concurrent earthquake, wind and wave loads, focusing on the performance of the ultra‐high‐strength cementitious grout that bonds the monopile to the transition piece. Employing LS DYNA for numerical simulations, we explored the seismic responses of four OWT designs with diverse transition piece cone angles, incorporating nonlinear soil springs to model soil‐structure interactions (SSIs) and conducting a site response analysis (SRA) to account for local site effects on ground motion amplification. Our findings reveal that transition pieces with larger cone angles exhibit substantially enhanced stress distribution and resistance to grout damage, evidenced by decreased ovalisation in the coned sections of the transition piece and monopile, and improved bending flexibility. The observed disparities in damage across different cone angles highlight shortcomings in current design guidelines pertaining to the prediction of grout stresses in conical transition piece designs, with the current code‐specified calculations predicting higher stresses for transition piece designs with larger cone angles. This study also highlights the code's limitations when accounting for grout damage induced by stress concentrations in the grouted connections under seismic dynamic loading conditions. The results of the study demonstrate the need for refinement of these guidelines to improve the seismic robustness of OWTs, thereby contributing to the resilience of renewable energy infrastructure against earthquake‐induced disruptions.
Looking for improved strains of Azotobacter vineladii and favorable culture conditions yielding high‐molecular‐weight poly(3‐hydoxybutyrate)
Authors: Quiroz‐Cardoso R , Castillo T , Galindo E , Ruíz Escobedo J , Segura D , Peña C 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) is a polymer that presents properties similar to those of conventional plastics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of oxygen transfer rate (OTR) on the production and molecular weight of P3HB synthesized by the OP‐PhbP2− and OP‐PhbP3+ mutant strains of Azotobacter vinelandii, which have inactivated the gene that expresses the PhbP2 phasin and overexpresses the PhbP3 phasin genes, respectively.ResultsUnder high OTRmax (6.0 ± 0.04 mmol O2 L−1 h−1) mutant OP‐PhbP3+ exhibited a higher growth rate (0.12 ± 0.01 h−1) and P3HB production (6.77 ± 0.19 g L−1) than that achieved in the cultures using the OP‐PhbP2− mutant and OP wild‐type strains (5.0 ± 0.1 g L−1 for both strains). Under that condition, the OP‐PhbP3+ strain also exhibited a lower specific oxygen consumption rate. In contrast, under a low OTRmax (2.8 ± 0.06 mmol O2 L−1 h−1), the OP‐PhbP2− strain had a better performance, reaching 4.5 ± 0.35 g L−1 of P3HB, during the stationary phase (36–72 h). Both mutant strains produced a polymer with a high molecular weight (close to 8000 kDa), regardless of the OTR of the cultures, which remained constant throughout the fermentation. In contrast, the molecular weight produced by the OP strain was in the range 5500 to 6700 kDa under the two conditions evaluated.ConclusionOverall, our results revealed the biotechnological potential of using modified strains, which overexpress PhbP3 phasin or have inactivated the gene that expresses the PhbP2 phasin, for the production of P3HB, affording a higher molecular weight than that produced by the OP strain. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Age under 20 years, pre‐operative participation in pivoting sports, and steep posterior tibial slope of more than 12° are risk factors for graft failure after double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Goto Kazumi , Honda Eisaburo , Iwaso Hiroshi , Sameshima Shin , Inagawa Miyu , Ishida Yutaro , Matsuo Koji , Kuzuhara Ryota , Sanada Takaki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeYounger age and steep posterior tibial slope (PTS) have been reported as risk factors for graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Few studies have evaluated these risk factors simultaneously in a large cohort of patients undergoing double‐bundle ACLR (DB‐ACLR). Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to simultaneously investigate known risk factors such as PTS and age in DB‐ACLR, determine their thresholds and calculate odds ratios (ORs).MethodsWe investigated 482 knees that underwent DB‐ACLR with a follow‐up period of at least 2 years. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined cut‐off values for age and PTS for graft failure. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of age, sex, height, weight, laterality, surgical waiting period, pre‐operative sport type and level, meniscal injury, hyperextension, general joint laxity and PTS on graft failure.ResultsGraft failure was observed in 33 out of 482 knees (6.8%). Notably, the graft failure group was significantly younger (18.0 ± 5.0 years [standard deviation] vs. 30.4 ± 13.1 years, p < 0.01) and had a steeper PTS (11.9 ± 2.3° [standard deviation] vs. 9.6 ± 2.9°, p < 0.01) than the group with no graft failure. The cut‐off values were 20.0 years for age (specificity, 64.6%; sensitivity, 87.9% and area under the curve, 0.808) and 12.0° for PTS (specificity, 70.9%; sensitivity, 69.7% and area under the curve, 0.734). Logistic regression analysis identified an age of <20 years (OR = 10.1; p < 0.01), PTS of ≥12° (OR = 5.6; p < 0.01) and pre‐operative participation in pivoting sports (OR = 6.0; p < 0.01) as significant risk factors for graft failure.ConclusionWe identified an age of <20 years, PTS of ≥12° and pre‐operative participation in pivoting sports as significant risk factors for graft failure after DB‐ACLR.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Mapping challenges in the accessibility of treatment products for urea cycle disorders: A survey of European healthcare professionals
Authors: Stolwijk Nina N. , Häberle Johannes , Huidekoper Hidde H. , Wagenmakers Margreet A. E. M. , Hollak Carla E. M. , Bosch Annet M. ,   the E‐IMD and MetabERN Working Group on the Real‐World Use of products for UCD Management
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrent management guidelines for urea cycle disorders (UCDs) offer clear strategies, incorporating both authorized and non‐authorized medicinal products (including intravenous formulations and products regulated as food). These varying product categories are subject to specific accessibility challenges related to availability, reimbursement, and pricing. The aim of this study is to identify potential obstacles to optimal UCD treatment implementation in European clinical practice. A survey aimed at metabolic healthcare professionals (HCPs) managing patients with UCDs in Europe was disseminated through the European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders and the European registry and network for intoxication type metabolic diseases. Forty‐eight survey responses were collected from 21 European countries. In 16 of these countries, at least one metabolic HCP reported challenges in accessing UCD products. Reimbursement issues were reported for most products (8/10), including both authorized and non‐authorized products. Availability‐related challenges were also reported for 8/10 products, although unavailability was limited to non‐authorized products. Prices impacted accessibility for all authorized products (3/3) and one non‐authorized IV product. The accessibility of UCD treatment products varied across Europe, although no clear regional variations could be discerned. Survey data revealed that metabolic HCPs experience challenges in accessing both authorized and non‐authorized products for UCD management in the majority of European countries. This indicates that registering unauthorized products may not resolve all issues. Improved reimbursement policies and fair pricing models, as well as (adjusted) authorization procedures may help address these concerns, thereby optimizing treatment access for UCD patients.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Spatial Toxicology Research
Authors: Qiu Tian (Autumn) 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe spatial information of xenobiotics distribution, metabolism, and toxicity mechanisms in situ has drawn increasing attention in both pharmaceutical and environmental toxicology research to aid drug development and environmental risk assessments. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides a label‐free, multiplexed, and high‐throughput tool to characterize xenobiotics, their metabolites, and endogenous molecules in situ with spatial resolution, providing knowledge on spatially resolved absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity on the molecular level. In this perspective, we briefly summarize applications of MSI in toxicology on xenobiotic distribution and metabolism, quantification, toxicity mechanisms, and biomarker discovery. We identified several challenges regarding how we can fully harness the power of MSI in both fundamental toxicology research and regulatory practices. First, how can we increase the coverage, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting xenobiotics and their metabolites in complex biological matrices? Second, how can we link the spatial molecular information of xenobiotics to toxicity consequences to understand toxicity mechanisms, predict exposure outcomes, and aid biomarker discovery? Finally, how can we standardize the MSI experiment and data analysis workflow to provide robust conclusions for regulation and drug development? With these questions in mind, we provide our perspectives on the future directions of MSI as a promising tool in spatial toxicology research.
Sustainable Approach for Degradation of Low‐Density Polyethylene Plastic Waste Using Ligninolytic White Rot Fungus
Authors: Chaturvedi Mridula , Kaur Navpreet , Alam Samsul , Sharma Shashi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor is used in manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics for food—drink packaging. In the present study, optimized set of conditions to degrade commercial grade BPA has been used and applied in degrading shredded leached low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) residues and its leachate (198 µg/L BPA) using white rot fungus Hypocrea lixii. One‐at‐a‐time method showed maximum BPA degradation of 98.73 ± 0.02% with 190.1 ± 0.2 U/L laccase and 1913.2 ± 0.3 U/L lignin peroxidase in glucose‐yeast extract‐malt extract‐peptone (GYMP) medium supplemented with 5% sawdust, mediators—CuSO4 (0.2 mM), veratryl alcohol (0.1 mM) and Tween 80 (0.1 mM). Three sets were prepared by dissolving these optimized nutritional components in leachates—A (only leachate), B (leached LDPE residues in leachate) and C (leached LDPE residues, sawdust in leachate). All sets showed 100% degradation in 5 days. Cracks and holes in degraded LDPE pieces was confirmed by SEM analysis and changes in functional groups by FTIR. Toxicity assay of treated leachate on soil microfauna revealed the elimination of BPA as it supported sufficient microbial growth of soil bacteria. Thus, the present process provides a sustainable solution for the management of LDPE with the possibility of using treated leachate for irrigation.
Turbinate Injection of Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of the Chronic Rhinitis
Authors: Kim Do H. , Jang David W. , Hwang Se H. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThis systemic review with meta‐analysis evaluated the effect of intranasal BTX‐A turbinate injection on chronic rhinitis‐related symptoms.Data SourcesPubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases.Review MethodsWe reviewed studies retrieved from databases up to Aug 2024. The studies evaluating the degree of change of rhinitis‐related symptom scores and quality of life before and after BTX‐A injection were analyzed. Standard mean differences were used to calculate effect sizes.ResultsA total of 269 patients from 7 studies were analyzed. BTX‐A injection showed a significant improvement in rhinitis‐related symptoms (congestion: 2.5416, 95% CI 1.0927–3.9905, I2 = 94.4%, itching: 1.2553, 95% CI 0.6660–1.8446; I2 = 70.8%, rhinorrhea: 1.8451, 95% CI 1.0468–2.6435, I2 = 89.7%, and sneezing: 1.3580, 95% CI 0.5194–2.1967; I2 = 90.7%), total nasal symptom score (2.4020, 95% CI 1.4161–3.3879, I2 = 86.1%), and quality of life (1.5256, 95% CI 1.0760–1.9752; I2 = 0.0%) throughout the follow‐up period (4 months). However, 3 months after injection, although symptom improvement remained, there was no statistical significance. Allergic rhinitis (AR) patients showed a significant improvement in rhinitis‐related symptoms compared with nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) patients.ConclusionsNasal symptoms and quality of life scores related to rhinitis were decreased after BTX‐A injection. In particular, this treatment showed better efficacy in AR and could be more beneficial for the symptoms of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea at the early periods of treatment. However, the effects lasted for a relatively short period of only 2–3 months. Laryngoscope, 2024
Incorporating Cattle Manure Improves Hydraulic Properties and Enhances Infiltration Rates of Low‐Infiltrability Saline‐Sodic Soils
Authors: Li Xia , Guo Zhengxiong , Ma Yulei , Leite Pedro A. M. , Li Zhigang , Wu Gao‐Lin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDrylands present a significant challenge to global agricultural production, especially in dryland saline‐sodic soils, which are marked by poor structure and low infiltrability. Enhancing the infiltration capacity of these soils is crucial for enhancing soil health and optimizing land‐use efficiency. However, few studies have been conducted to improve soil physical structure and enhance water infiltration and storage capacity in saline‐sodic soils through agricultural waste. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cattle manure amendments in improving water infiltration and related soil properties in dryland saline‐sodic soils. Our results show that mixing cattle manure into the topsoil soil significantly enhances infiltration rates, with the initial and the stable infiltration rates increasing on average by 64.5% and 52.1%, respectively, over the three‐year study period. These improvements are associated with a reduction in bulk density and soil compressive strength by 6.9% and 101.9%, respectively, as well as increases in total porosity, non‐capillary porosity, and soil organic matter by 6.6%, 24.7%, and 8.7%, respectively. In contrast, cattle manure mulching in the topsoil has no significant impact on infiltration and soil properties. Structural equation models reveal that soil water content, non‐capillary porosity, and total porosity are the primary properties influencing the stable infiltration rates, whereas total porosity, soil compressive strength, and non‐capillary porosity are key factors affecting the initial infiltration rate. Our findings demonstrated that incorporating cattle manure into the soil can effectively enhance the soil porosity properties, infiltrability, and organic matter content of saline‐sodic soils. These findings highlight the potential of cattle manure to improve soil physical properties and enhance water infiltration in low‐infiltrability saline‐sodic soils, offering a theoretical basis for addressing this issue in semiarid regions.
Direct ink writing of polymer‐based materials—A review
Authors: Li Cuiyu , Feng Changhong , Zhang Lei , Zhang Lijun , Wang Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is widely recognized for its flexibility, structural complexity, customizability, and sustainability. Within the realm of AM technology, direct ink writing (DIW) stand out due to its material diversity, high resolution, and capacity for free‐form design. It enjoys widespread applications in biomedicine and engineering, making it a key advanced manufacturing method for crafting design‐free, multifunctional, and stable items. Herein, a review of the DIW of polymer‐based materials is presented. It starts with an overview of the various fillers in polymer composites, followed by an in‐depth discussion of the diverse methods for customizing ink for DIW across different material classes. Subsequently, it delves into the emerging applications of DIW polymer‐based materials, encompassing their utility in biology, electrical energy storage, electronics, and robotics. Finally, the review addresses the current challenges and prospects associated with DIW, aiming to elucidate potential pathways for future innovations.Highlights
DIW is one of the most popular techniques in 3D printing.
Describes the application of polymer‐based materials in DIW in recent years.
Outlines advances in DIW of polymer‐based composites, hydrogels, and 4D printing.
Outlines the myriad of applications for DIW of polymer‐based materials.
Discusses current challenges and outlooks to provide guidance for future.
Spontaneous resolution of a giant bulla in a patient presenting with COVID‐19 with presumed superadded bacterial infection
Authors: Chan Ian Y. H. , Philip Keir E. J. , Tsitsias Thomas , Reynolds Carl 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBullous emphysema is a chronic disease characterized by bullae, or air spaces in the lungs. Giant bullae exceed one‐third of the hemithorax volume and are usually treated via bullectomy. We present the case of a 35‐year‐old man who presented to hospital with a history of COVID‐19 infection and seven days of chest pain and dyspnoea. A giant left upper lobe fluid‐filled bulla was identified on computed tomography. He was discharged with a course of antibiotics. A radiograph performed one month after presentation revealed an unchanged giant bulla. However, a chest radiograph and computed tomography nine months after initial presentation showed complete spontaneous resolution of the bulla. Bullectomy was deemed unnecessary. Cases of spontaneous bullae resolution, or autobullectomy, are rare. Our case implicates the role of infectious processes in autobullectomy. Serial imaging monitoring and delayed cardiothoracic assessment may be prudent to assess bullectomy necessity.
Co‐Application of Wood Biochar and Nano‐Titanium Dioxide to Immobilize Vanadium in Alkaline Soils
Authors: Haak Melissa R. , Indraratne Srimathie P. , Attanayake Chammi P. , Goltz Douglas M. , Applin Daniel M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTitanium dioxide (TiO2) and biochar have been used as amendments to adsorb vanadium (V) in aqueous solutions; however, their simultaneous application in the remediation of V‐contaminated neutral‐alkaline soils is rare. TiO2 nanoparticles, biochar, and a blend of biochar+TiO2 were investigated as amendments for an alkaline V‐contaminated soil. Treatments involved mixing (weight basis) 1% TiO2 (T1), 5% biochar (T2), 1% TiO2 + 5% biochar (T3) with soil, and an unamended soil (T4). An adsorption edge study was performed from pH 4 to 10 at the V concentration of 200 mg L−1. A standard vanadium (V) solution was prepared using NaVO3. An incubation study was conducted over 3 months with V‐contaminated soil at a rate of 200 mg kg−1, at 80% field capacity. At the end of the incubation period, the treated soils were subjected to V fractionation. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and FTIR spectra of TiO2 nanoparticles, biochar, uncontaminated soil, and four treated soils were obtained. The adsorption edge of V was below pH 4.6, suggesting reduced retention of V in alkaline soils. In the combined treatment, the adsorption edge was elevated by one unit compared to the control. V adsorption increased in TiO2, biochar, and combined TiO2+biochar treatments at 7%, 4%, and 20%, respectively, compared with the unamended soil (control) at a pH of ~7.6. Functional groups revealed the possibility of inner‐sphere and outer‐sphere adsorption mechanisms between vanadate and the mix amendment of TiO2+biochar. The labile V fraction decreased, and the nonlabile V fraction increased, significantly in the TiO2+biochar amended soil compared to the unamended soil. Applying a blend of biochar+TiO2 reduced the mobility of V in a neutral‐alkaline soil, thereby preventing it from contaminating the nearby soil and water bodies.
The Longitudinal Relationship Between the Symptoms of Depression and Perceived Stress Among Chinese University Students
Authors: Liu Yifan , Zhou Guangdong , Huang Yuchen , Sun Yan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDepression is one of the most common mental disorders. Perceived stress is a significant trigger and has adverse effects on depression. The complex longitudinal relationship between perceived stress and depression at the symptom level has significant implications for clinical intervention but is understudied. In our study, 823 students (67% female, median age 20.38, IQR 19.42–21.43) from a university in Tianjin were randomly sampled and completed measures of PHQ‐9 and PSS‐10, while 393 (65% female, median age 20.42, IQR 19.46–21.45) were followed up at three points, six months apart. The longitudinal relationships were estimated using cross‐lagged modelling and cross‐lagged panel network modelling. Among them, 49 students (59% female, median age 19.48, IQR 18.76–20.12) participated in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Cross‐lagged analyses showed that depression and perceived stress predicted each other at the global level. At the dimensional level, depression and perceived helplessness were mutually predictive, while depression and perceived coping did not. In the cross‐lagged panel network analyses, we identified symptoms in the top 20% of Bridge Expected Influence as bridging symptoms, specifically ‘Guilt’ (PHQ6) and ‘Felt nervous and stressed’ (PSS3). Notably, ‘guilt’ consistently demonstrated the highest Bridge Expected Influence across all time points and showed the strongest predictive power for perceived stress. We found that fALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) mediated the association between “guilt" and perceived stress. Our findings elucidate the bidirectional relationship between symptoms of depression and perceived stress, identifying guilt is the most critical symptom of depression for the followed perceived stress, with SFG activity mediating this association.