bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of double‐balloon enteroscopy in children: A single‐centre experience in South China
Authors: Chen Honglei , Liu Yanan , Fu Liping , Lin Xutao , Fan Dejun , Li Chujun 
Published: August 2018

AimDouble‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a useful tool for the evaluation and treatment of small bowel disease. Limited clinical data are available regarding the indications, clinical findings and safety associated with the use of DBE in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the utility and safety of DBE in children.MethodsA total of 72 DBE procedures were performed on 61 children at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University, between 1 April 2013 and 31 December 2017. The clinical data were analysed retrospectively.ResultsDBE was attempted 72 times in 61 children (45 boys and 16 girls) of an age range between 6 and 14 years (mean age: 11.9 years). The most common indication for DBE was occult gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. The positive rate of abnormal findings was 77.5% (55/72). Most children showed non‐specific enteritis and Crohn's disease. Eight children underwent successful therapeutic enteroscopy. No serious complication was observed in any child in this case series.ConclusionDBE can be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for small bowel disorders in children.
An exploration of the practice, policy and legislative issues of the specialist area of nursing people with intellectual disability: A scoping review
Authors: O'Reilly Kate , Lewis Peter , Wiese Michele , Goddard Linda , Trip Henrietta , Conder Jenny , Charnock David , Lin Zhen , Jaques Hayden , Wilson Nathan J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe specialist field of intellectual disability nursing has been subjected to a number of changes since the move towards deinstitutionalisation from the 1970s. Government policies sought to change the nature of the disability workforce from what was labelled as a medicalised approach, towards a more socially oriented model of support. Decades on however, many nurses who specialise in the care of people with intellectual disability are still employed. In Australia, the advent of the National Disability Insurance Scheme offers an apt moment to reflect upon these decades of specialised nursing care as the context of this nursing care will continue to evolve. A review of the published literature was conducted to explore what has shaped the field in the past and how this might inform the future of this speciality area under new policy and service contexts. People with intellectual disability have specific health and support needs that require a specialised workforce. Specialist nurses continue to be needed for people with intellectual disability.
PEDESTRIANS’ PERSPECTIVES ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, AWARENESS AND WILLINGNESS IN CHANGING CURRENT MODE TO WALKING IN A POSSIBLE WAY TO REDUCE EXPOSURE OF O3 CONCENTRATIONS TO SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Zainordin Nazatul Syadia , Ramli Nor Azam , Zia Ul-Saufie Mohamad Ahmad , Razman Muhammad Rizal , Yahya Ahmad Shukri , Md. Yusof Noor Faizah Fitri 
Published: August 2018

Increasing ground level ozone has become an important issue because of its adverse effects on health and the environment. Increasing numbers of vehicles is known to be one of the sources of its precursors where gas emissions from vehicle exhausts lead to the production of ground level ozone. Active transports, mainly walking have been found to be the most effective way to reduce the use of private vehicles especially for short-distance travel. In this study, pedestrians’ perspectives on the existence of environmental problems and awareness regarding negative effects of these issues and their perceptions towards changing the current mode to active mode were evaluated. According to the surveys conducted at the four selected schools, by referring to the gender, as compared to male respondents, female respondents mostly testified that there were local environmental problems occurred at their area and are aware of the adverse effects of air pollutants exposed to human. As for types of respondents, teachers were much concern with the environmental problems as they spent more time in schools compared than other types of respondents. In terms of race, Indian and Malay respondents were more aware of the negative effects of air pollutants and most willingly to change from current mode to walking. From the analysis of one-way ANOVA and independent t-test, respondents’ level of agreement with environmental problems, awareness and potential in changing the current mode to walking were related to the gender, types of respondents and race. Nevertheless, factor of travel distance did not influence the given level of agreement by respondents.
HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF AISI 439 FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL IN SYNTHETIC AIR ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Salgado Maria de Fatima , Santos Jackeline Macêdo de Sousa , Dias Viana Giscard Eanes , Porto João Alberto Santos , Fontinele Gabriel de Souza Veras , Hamzah Esah , Ani Farid Nasir 
Published: August 2018

Stainless steels may be used and exposed to aggressive gases at high temperatures. The oxidation behavior of AISI 439 ferritic stainless steel, was investigated by oxidation treatment at 850 ºC and 950 ºC, for 50h in Synthetic Air with 20% O2 atmosphere in a tubular oven and in a thermobalance. The oxidation kinetics of films are determined by measuring the mass versus oxidation time. The microstructure and chemical composition of the oxides were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Chemical analysis by EDS showed that films formed on AISI 439 stainless steel exhibited Cr as the principal element in the oxide film, in proportions to form the chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and the following elements: Mn, Fe, Ti and Si. Based on the oxidation kinetics, it was observed that steel oxidation follows the parabolic behaviour with increase in temperature and it produced the highest oxidation rate at 950 ºC and the lowest rate at 850 ºC.
Risk of metabolic consequences of rapid weight gain and catch-up growth in the first two years of life: a systematic review protocol
Authors: van der Haak Natalie , Wood Kate , Sweeney Annabel , Munn Zachary 
Published: August 2018

Review question:
The specific review question to be addressed in this review is: what is the risk of metabolic outcomes for individuals who experience rapid weight gain or catch-up growth during the first two years of life?
Effectiveness of acupuncture as an adjunct treatment for women with postnatal depression: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wang Carol Chunfeng , Zhu Ruifang , Ge Li , Tufanaru Catalin , Bayes Sara , De Jong Gideon 
Published: August 2018

Review question:
The review question is: what is the best available evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture as an adjunct treatment for women with postnatal depression?
Effect of a 1-week intense myofunctional training on obstructive sleep apnoea in children with Down syndrome
Authors: von Lukowicz Magnus , Herzog Nina , Ruthardt Sebastian , Quante Mirja , Iven Gabriele , Poets Christian F 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in children with Down syndrome (DS), yet difficult to treat. As muscular hypotonia of the upper airway may cause OSA and is also common in DS, we tested whether intense myofunctional therapy improves OSA in children with DS.Patients and methodsForty-two children underwent cardiorespiratory sleep studies immediately before and after a 1-week intensive training camp consisting of three daily 45 min sessions of myofunctional exercises according to Padovan. Primary outcome was the mixed-obstructive-apnoea/hypopnoea index (MOAHI), secondary outcomes the ≤3% oxygen desaturation index (DI3), the ≤90% desaturation index (DI90) and the lowest pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2nadir).ResultsEighteen recordings had ≥3 hours of artefact-free recording in both the pretreatment and post-treatment sleep study and were therefore included in the analysis. Mean age was 6.3 years (SD 2.5); 83% had OSA prior to intervention. Mean MOAHI was 6.4 (SD 8.6) before and 6.4 (SD 10.8) after the intervention (p>0.05); the DI3and SpO2nadiralso did not change. Only the DI90decreased significantly from 2.7 (SD 4.5) to 2.1 (SD 3.7) (p<0.05).ConclusionThe 1-week intense myofunctional training camp evaluated here in children with DS had only a marginal effect on OSA. Whether a longer follow-up period or duration of intervention would yield stronger effects remains to be determined.
Descending monoaminergic pathways projecting to the spinal defecation center enhance colorectal motility in rats
Authors: Naitou Kiyotada , Nakamori Hiroyuki , Horii Kazuhiro , Kato Kurumi , Horii Yuuki , Shimaoka Hiroki , Shiina Takahiko , Shimizu Yasutake 
Published: August 2018

The central regulating mechanisms of defecation, especially roles of the spinal defecation center, are still unclear. We have shown that monoamines including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin injected into the spinal defecation center cause propulsive contractions of the colorectum. These monoamines are the main neurotransmitters of descending pain inhibitory pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that noxious stimuli in the colorectum would activate the descending monoaminergic pathways projecting to the spinal defecation center and that subsequently released endogenous monoamine neurotransmitters would enhance colorectal motility. Colorectal motility was measured in rats anesthetized with α-chloralose and ketamine. As a noxious stimulus, capsaicin was administered into the colorectal lumen. To interrupt neuronal transmission in the spinal defecation center, antagonists of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin receptors were injected intrathecally at the L6-S1 spinal level, where the spinal defecation center is located. Intraluminal administration of capsaicin, acting on the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel, caused transient propulsive contractions. The effect of capsaicin was abolished by surgical severing of the pelvic nerves or thoracic spinal transection at the T4 level. Capsaicin-induced contractions were blocked by preinjection of D2-like dopamine receptor and 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 2 and 3 receptor antagonists into the spinal defecation center. We demonstrated that intraluminally administered capsaicin causes propulsive colorectal motility through reflex pathways involving the spinal and supraspinal defecation centers. Our results provide evidence that descending monoaminergic neurons are activated by noxious stimulation to the colorectum, leading to facilitation of colorectal motility.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates that noxious stimuli in the colorectum activates the descending monoaminergic pathways projecting to the spinal defecation center and that subsequently released endogenous monoamine neurotransmitters, serotonin and dopamine, enhance colorectal motility. Our findings provide a possible explanation of the concurrent appearance of abdominal pain and bowel disorder in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Thus the present study may provide new insights into understanding of mechanisms of colorectal dysfunction involving the central nervous system.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing with supramaximal verification produces a safe and valid assessment of V̇o2max in people with cystic fibrosis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Causer Adam J. , Shute Janis K. , Cummings Michael H. , Shepherd Anthony I. , Bright Victoria , Connett Gary , Allenby Mark I. , Carroll Mary P. , Daniels Thomas , Saynor Zoe L. 
Published: August 2018

The validity and safety of using supramaximal verification (Smax) to confirm a maximal effort during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and/or those with severe disease has been questioned. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate these concerns in children, adolescents, and adults with mild-to-severe CF lung disease. Retrospective analysis of 17 pediatric and 28 adult participants with CF [age range: 9.2–62.9 y; forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 66.7% (range: 29.9%–102.3%); 30 men] who completed a routine ramp-incremental cycling test to determine peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) was studied. Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) was subsequently confirmed by Smax at 110% of peak power output. All participants satisfied the criteria to verify a maximal effort during CPET. However, Smax-V̇o2peak exceeded ramp-V̇o2peak in 3/14 (21.4%) of pediatric and 6/28 (21.4%) adult exercise tests. A valid measurement of V̇o2max was attained in 85.7% of pediatric and 96.4% of adult exercise tests, as Smax-V̇o2peak did not exceed ramp-V̇o2peak by >9%. Adults ( n = 9) experienced a ≥5% reduction in arterial O2 saturation during CPET, 4 during both the ramp and Smax, 3 during only the ramp, and 2 during only Smax. Smax did not significantly worsen perceived breathing effort, chest tightness, throat narrowing, or exertion compared with ramp-incremental testing. Given the clinical importance of aerobic fitness in people with CF, incorporating Smax is recommended to provide a safe and valid measure of V̇o2max in children, adolescents, and adults who span the spectrum of CF disease severity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Incorporating supramaximal verification into cardiopulmonary exercise testing protocols did not increase the frequency of adverse events or perceived discomfort versus a single-phase incremental exercise test in people with mild-to-severe cystic fibrosis. Furthermore, a valid measure of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) was obtained from 85.7% of pediatric and 96.4% of adult exercise tests, whereas peak oxygen uptake underestimated aerobic fitness in comparison with V̇o2max in 21.4% of cases (by up to 24.4%).
Aortic reservoir function of Japanese female pearl divers
Authors: Sugawara Jun , Tomoto Tsubasa , Lin Hsin-Fu , Chen Chen-Huan , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: August 2018

Female pearl divers in Japan, called “ Ama,” engage in repeated breath-hold free-diving maneuvers for collecting pearls, seaweeds, and shellfish in the cold sea. We previously reported that they have lower systemic arterial stiffness than age-matched sedentary peers. As a follow-up study, we evaluated their segmental arterial stiffness and aortic reservoir function. A total of 120 non-medicated women living in the same fishing villages (mean age: 65 ± 11 yr), including 88 Ama and 32 age-matched sedentary peers, were studied. Pulse wave velocity from the heart to the brachial artery (hbPWV; partly reflecting proximal aortic stiffness) and between the brachial artery and the ankle (baPWV; reflecting stiffness of abdominal aorta and leg arteries) were measured. Aortic hemodynamic variables were estimated from applanation tonometry carotid arterial pressure waveforms via general transfer function. Carotid artery impedance was calculated from blood flow velocity and blood pressure of contralateral common carotid arteries. baPWV was not different between the groups ( P = 0.117), whereas hbPWV was significantly lower in pearl divers than sedentary peers ( P = 0.004). Additionally, Ama had significantly lower aortic reservoir pressure integral ( P = 0.029) and carotid artery impedance modulus in frequency ranges from 0.78 to 4.0 Hz ( P = 0.011~0.019) than in sedentary peers. Collectively, these findings indicate that lifelong female pearl divers have superior reservoir function in central elastic arteries (e.g., the proximal aorta and carotid artery) in comparison with age-matched sedentary women living in the same fishing village. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We previously reported that lifelong female pearl divers in Japan, called “ Ama,” have lower systemic arterial stiffness than age-matched sedentary peers. As a follow-up study, we evaluated their segmental arterial stiffness and aortic reservoir function. In comparison with age-matched sedentary women living in the same fishing village, Ama demonstrated significantly lower arterial stiffness in more proximal and elastic arterial segments and superior reservoir function in central elastic arteries.
Characterizing the plasma metabolome during and following a maximal exercise cycling test
Authors: Manaf Faizal A. , Lawler Nathan G. , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Maker Garth L. , Boyce Mary C. , Fairchild Timothy J. , Broadhurst David 
Published: August 2018

Although complex in nature, a number of metabolites have been implicated in the onset of exercise-induced fatigue. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in the plasma metabolome and specifically, to identify candidate metabolites associated with the onset of fatigue during prolonged cycling. Eighteen healthy and recreationally active men (mean ± SD; age: 24.7 ± 4.8 yr; mass 67.1 ± 6.1 kg; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.2; peak oxygen uptake: 40.9 ± 6.1 ml·kg−1·min−1) were recruited to this study. Participants performed a prolonged cycling time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test at an intensity corresponding to a fixed blood lactate concentration (3 mmol/l). Plasma samples collected at 10 min of exercise, before fatigue (last sample before fatigue <10 min before fatigue), immediately after fatigue (point of exhaustion), and 20 min after fatigue were assessed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach. Eighty metabolites were putatively identified, with 68 metabolites demonstrating a significant change during the cycling task (duration: ~80.9 ± 13.6 min). A clear multivariate structure in the data was revealed, with the first principal component (36% total variance) describing a continuous increase in metabolite concentration throughout the TTE trial and recovery, whereas the second principal component (14% total variance) showed an increase in metabolite concentration followed by a recovery trajectory, peaking at the point of fatigue. Six clusters of correlated metabolites demonstrating unique metabolite trajectories were identified, including significant separation in the metabolome between prefatigue and postfatigue time points. In accordance with our hypothesis, free-fatty acids and tryptophan contributed to differences in the plasma metabolome at fatigue.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metabolites have long been implicated in the onset of fatigue. This study applied a metabolomic approach to track 80 plasma-borne metabolites during a cycle to fatigue task. Of these, 68 metabolites demonstrated significant change, with the plasma metabolome at fatigue being clearly distinguishable from other time points. Six unique clusters of metabolites were identified, and free fatty acids were strongly associated with fatigue onset therein lending support to the central fatigue hypothesis.
Circular RNA ciRS-7 Maintains Metastatic Phenotypes as a ceRNA of miR-1299 to Target MMPs
Authors: Sang Meixiang , Meng Lingjiao , Liu Sihua , Ding Pingan , Chang Sheng , Ju Yingchao , Liu Fei , Gu Lina , Lian Yishui , Geng Cuizhi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Circular RNA ciRS-7 has been reported to act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of the miRNA miR-7, resulting in reduced miR-7 activity and increased miR-7–targeted transcripts. However, it is unknown if ciRS-7 harbors other miRNAs with regulatory roles in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The present study determined that the expression of ciRS-7 in TNBC clinical specimens and representative cells is significantly higher than other breast cancer subtypes. Functionally, downregulation of ciRS-7 inhibited cell migration and invasion of TNBC cells. Knockdown of ciRS-7 expression also inhibited the liver and lung metastasis of TNBC cells in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that ciRS-7 contains 20 miR-1299–binding sites and functions as a ceRNA of miR-1299 in TNBC cells. High expression of ciRS-7 maintains the high migration and invasion properties of TNBC cells by acting as a ceRNA of miR-1299 to enhance the expression of matrix metalloproteinases family members (MMP).
Implications: Circular RNA ciRS-7 is highly expressed in TNBC tumor specimens and cells, and its downregulation inhibits cell migration and invasion of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ciRS-7 functions as a ceRNA of miR-1299 to enhance the expression of MMPs, which maintains the high migration and invasion properties of TNBC cells. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1665–75. ©2018 AACR.
Impact of 2 Different Hypocaloric Diets on Serum Omentin Levels in Obese Subjects
Authors: de Luis Daniel Antonio , Izaola Olatz , Primo David , Aller Rocío 
Published: August 2018

<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Omentin-1 might play a role in insulin resistance and obesity. This study is aimed at evaluating the influence of weight loss treatment on omentin-1 concentrations and other parameters after 2 different hypocaloric diets in obese subjects.<b><i> Methods:</i></b> A total of 239 obese subjects were randomly allocated during 12 weeks (Diet I – high-fat diet vs. Diet II – low fat diet), and their anthropometric and biochemical status were evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After dietary intervention, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance decreased in a statistical manner from their base values. After consuming diet II (low fat diet), the omentin-1 levels increased in males (20 ± 14 ng/mL) and females (35 ± 19 ng/mL). No changes were observed in omentin-1 levels after consuming hypocaloric diet type I (high fat). The multiple regression analyses after weight loss with diet I adjusted by age and sex showed a statistical association between BMI kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Beta –0.33: 95% CI –4.58 to –0.11) and post-treatment omentin-1 levels. The analysis after weight loss with diet II showed a statistical association with BMI kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Beta –0.31: 95% CI –3.93 to –0.08) and insulin UI/L (Beta –0.25: 95% CI –4.63 to –0.05) with post-treatment omentin-1 levels. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our design showed a significant increase in serum omentin-1 levels after weight loss secondary to a low fat hypocaloric diet, in contrast to no changes following consuming a high fat hypocaloric diet.
Correlation between the Length of Ovarian Ligament and Ovarian Torsion: A Prospective Study
Authors: Tamir Yaniv Rina , Schonmann Ron , Agizim Regina , Sharvit Merav , Haikin Herzberger Einat , Daykan Yair , Klein Zvi , Tulandi Togas , Wiser Amir 
Published: August 2018

<b><i>Study Objective:</i></b> The study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between the ovarian ligament length and ovarian torsion. <b><i>Design:</i></b> This is a prospective cohort study. <b><i>Design Classification:</i></b> II.2. <b><i>Setting:</i></b> The study was conducted in the gynecology department of a university affiliated hospital. <b><i>Intervention:</i></b> We measured the length of the ovarian ligaments during laparoscopy. <b><i>Patients:</i></b> A total of 56 women were recruited, of which 28 women were operated for ovarian torsion (torsion group) and 28 others for other gynecologic conditions (control group). <b><i>Measurement and Main Results:</i></b> The study found correlations between ovarian ligament length and ovarian torsion. The length of the right (2.2 ± 0.6 cm) and left ovarian ligament (2.3 ± 0.8 cm) in the control patients were similar. Ovarian torsions occurred mainly on the right side (67.9 %). The right ovarian ligament was significantly longer in the torsion group (3.2 ± 0.9 cm) than in the control group (2.2 ± 0.6 cm; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Even after exclusion of patients with ovarian cyst, the ovarian ligament was still significantly longer in the torsion group as compared to the control group (3.2 ± 1.1 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6 cm respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.01). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results suggest that increased length of ovarian ligament might be correlated with the development of ovarian torsion. This could be a basis for ovarian ligament fixation or oophoropexy at the time of conservative surgery for ovarian torsion.