bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingival solitary chemosensory cells are immune sentinels for periodontitis
Authors: Zheng Xin , Tizzano Marco , Redding Kevin , He Jinzhi , Peng Xian , Jiang Peihua , Xu Xin , Zhou Xuedong , Margolskee Robert F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are epithelial sentinels that utilize bitter Tas2r receptors and coupled taste transduction elements to detect pathogenic bacterial metabolites, triggering host defenses to control the infection. Here we report that SCCs are present in mouse gingival junctional epithelium, where they express several Tas2rs and the taste signaling components α-gustducin (Gnat3), TrpM5, and Plcβ2. Gnat3−/− mice have altered commensal oral microbiota and accelerated naturally occurring alveolar bone loss. In ligature-induced periodontitis, knockout of taste signaling molecules or genetic absence of gingival SCCs (gSCCs) increases the bacterial load, reduces bacterial diversity, and renders the microbiota more pathogenic, leading to greater alveolar bone loss. Topical treatment with bitter denatonium to activate gSCCs upregulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides and ameliorates ligature-induced periodontitis in wild-type but not in Gnat3−/− mice. We conclude that gSCCs may provide a promising target for treating periodontitis by harnessing innate immunity to regulate the oral microbiome.
Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients Presenting with Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Behnes Michael , Rusnak Jonas , Taton Gabriel , Schupp Tobias , Reiser Linda , Bollow Armin , Reichelt Thomas , Engelke Niko , Ellguth Dominik , Kuche Philipp , Ibrahim El-Battrawy  , Lang Siegfried , Nienaber Christoph A. , Mashayekhi Kambis , Akin Muharrem , Bertsch Thomas , Ferdinand Dennis , Weiss Christel , Borggrefe Martin , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeterogenous data about the prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias exist. Therefore, this study evaluates this impact of AF in patients presenting with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. 1,993 consecutive patients presenting with ventricular tachyarrhythmias (i.e. ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT, VF)) on admission at one institution were included (from 2002 until 2016). All medical data of index and follow-up hospitalizations were collected during the complete follow-up period for each patient. Statistics comprised univariable Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses in the unmatched consecutive cohort and after propensity-score matching for harmonization. The primary prognostic endpoint was long-term all-cause mortality at 2.5 years. AF was present in 31% of patients presenting with index ventricular tachyarrhythmias on admission (70% paroxysmal, 9% persistent, 21% permanent). VT was more common (67% versus 59%; p = 0.001) than VF (33% versus 41%; p = 0.001) in AF compared to non-AF patients. Long-term all-cause mortality at 2.5 years occurred more often in AF compared to non-AF patients (mortality rates 40% versus 24%, log rank p = 0.001; HR = 1.825; 95% CI 1.548–2.153; p = 0.001), which may be attributed to higher rates of all-cause mortality at 30 days, in-hospital mortality and mortality after discharge (p < 0.05) (secondary endpoints). Mortality differences were observed irrespective of index ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT or VF), LV dysfunction or presence of an ICD. In conclusion, this study identifies AF as an independent predictor of death in patients presenting consecutively with ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Odf2 haploinsufficiency causes a new type of decapitated and decaudated spermatozoa, Odf2-DDS, in mice
Authors: Ito Chizuru , Akutsu Hidenori , Yao Ryoji , Yoshida Keiichi , Yamatoya Kenji , Mutoh Tohru , Makino Tsukasa , Aoyama Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Hiroaki , Kunimoto Koshi , Tsukita Sachiko , Noda Tetsuo , Kikkawa Masahide , Toshimori Kiyotaka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOuter dense fibre 2 (Odf2 or ODF2) is a cytoskeletal protein required for flagella (tail)-beating and stability to transport sperm cells from testes to the eggs. There are infertile males, including human patients, who have a high percentage of decapitated and decaudated spermatozoa (DDS), whose semen contains abnormal spermatozoa with tailless heads and headless tails due to head-neck separation. DDS is untreatable in reproductive medicine. We report for the first time a new type of Odf2-DDS in heterozygous mutant Odf2+/− mice. Odf2+/− males were infertile due to haploinsufficiency caused by heterozygous deletion of the Odf2 gene, encoding the Odf2 proteins. Odf2 haploinsufficiency induced sperm neck-midpiece separation, a new type of head-tail separation, leading to the generation of headneck sperm cells or headnecks composed of heads with necks and neckless tails composed of only the main parts of tails. The headnecks were immotile but alive and capable of producing offspring by intracytoplasmic headneck sperm injection (ICSI). The neckless tails were motile and could induce capacitation but had no significant forward motility. Further studies are necessary to show that ICSI in humans, using headneck sperm cells, is viable and could be an alternative for infertile patients suffering from Odf2-DDS.
Genetic background and immunological status influence B cell repertoire diversity in mice
Authors: Chaaya Nancy , Shahsavarian Melody A. , Maffucci Irene , Friboulet Alain , Offmann Bernard , Léger Jean-Benoist , Rousseau Sylvain , Avalle Bérangère , Padiolleau-Lefèvre Séverine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe relationship between the immune repertoire and the physiopathological status of individuals is essential to apprehend the genesis and the evolution of numerous pathologies. Nevertheless, the methodological approaches to understand these complex interactions are challenging. We performed a study evaluating the diversity harbored by different immune repertoires as a function of their physiopathological status. In this study, we base our analysis on a murine scFv library previously described and representing four different immune repertoires: i) healthy and naïve, ii) healthy and immunized, iii) autoimmune prone and naïve, and iv) autoimmune prone and immunized. This library, 2.6 × 109in size, is submitted to high throughput sequencing (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS) in order to analyze the gene subgroups encoding for immunoglobulins. A comparative study of the distribution of immunoglobulin gene subgroups present in the four libraries has revealed shifts in the B cell repertoire originating from differences in genetic background and immunological status of mice.
Diurnal motor activity and “sunbathing” behaviour in crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata L., 1758)
Authors: Coppola Francesca , Vecchio Giuseppe , Felicioli Antonio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe crested porcupine is a mainly nocturnal mammal that shows both moonlight avoidance and some diurnal motor activity, the latter as an extension of its night-time foraging behaviour. Furthermore, a peculiar daytime behaviour, described as “sunbathing”, was reported as episodic in H. africaeaustralis. Between 2016 and 2019 a camera-trapping monitoring was performed within 10 porcupine settlements in order to detect the diurnal motor activity and to verify and describe the sunbathing behaviour in crested porcupine. Out of 1,003 trap days, a total of 148 events of diurnal motor activity were recorded. The diurnal motor activity occurred throughout the year mainly between December and June from 15:00 to 16:00, with no statistical difference between cubs, youngsters and adults. The sunbathing behaviour was detected for a total of 36 episodes recorded. Sunbathing was performed mainly by cubs. The sunbathing behaviour occurred only between April and June during the hottest hours of the day (11:00 to 12:00). Diurnal motor activity and sunbathing behaviour of porcupine are discussed in relation to food availability and porcupine physiology.
HERC2 regulates RPA2 by mediating ATR-induced Ser33 phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent degradation
Authors: Lai Yongqiang , Zhu Mingzhang , Wu Wenwen , Rokutanda Nana , Togashi Yukiko , Liang Weixin , Ohta Tomohiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReplication protein A (RPA) binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA and is essential for the genome stability. We reported that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, HERC2, suppresses G-quadruplex (G4) DNA by regulating RPA-helicase complexes. However, the precise mechanism of HERC2 on RPA is as yet largely unknown. Here, we show essential roles for HERC2 on RPA2 status: induction of phosphorylation and degradation of the modified form. HERC2 interacted with RPA through the C-terminal HECT domain. Ubiquitination of RPA2 was inhibited by HERC2 depletion and rescued by reintroduction of the C-terminal fragment of HERC2. ATR-mediated phosphorylation of RPA2 at Ser33 induced by low-level replication stress was inhibited by depletion of HERC2. Contrary, cells lacking HERC2 catalytic residues constitutively expressed an increased level of Ser33-phosphorylated RPA2. HERC2-mediated ubiquitination of RPA2 was abolished by an ATR inhibitor, supporting a hypothesis that the ubiquitinated RPA2 is a phosphorylated subset. Functionally, HERC2 E3 activity has an epistatic relationship with RPA in the suppression of G4 when judged with siRNA knockdown experiments. Together, these results suggest that HERC2 fine-tunes ATR-phosphorylated RPA2 levels through induction and degradation, a mechanism that could be critical for the suppression of secondary DNA structures during cell proliferation.
Speech, Language, and Communication Skills of Adolescents With Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Collett Brent R. , Chapman Kathy , Wallace Erin R. , Kinter Sara L. , Heike Carrie L. , Speltz Matthew L. , Werler Martha 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Youth with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) have anomalies and comorbidities that increase their risk for speech, language, and communication deficits. We examined these outcomes in youth with and without CFM and explored differences as a function of CFM phenotype and hearing status.

Method

Participants included youth ages 11–17 years with CFM (
n
= 107) and demographically similar controls (
n
= 306). We assessed speech intelligibility, articulation, receptive and expressive language, and parent and teacher report measures of communication. Hearing status was also screened at the study visit. Group differences were estimated using linear regression analyses with standardized effect sizes (ES) adjusted for demographic characteristics (adjusted ES) or negative binomial regression.

Results
Youth with CFM scored lower than unaffected peers on most measures of intelligibility, articulation, expressive language, and parent- and-teacher-rated communication. Differences were most pronounced among participants with CFM who had mandibular hypoplasia plus microtia (adjusted ES = −1.15 to −0.18). Group differences were larger in youth with CFM who failed the hearing screen (adjusted ES = −0.73 to 0.07) than in those who passed the hearing screen (adjusted ES = −0.34 to 0.27).

Conclusions
Youth with CFM, particularly those with mandibular hypoplasia plus microtia and/or hearing loss, should be closely monitored for speech and language concerns. Further research is needed to identify the specific needs of youth with CFM as well as to document the course of speech and language development in children with CFM.
The Effects of International Experiential Learning on the Cultural Competence of College Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Vale Lindsay , Arnold Hayley S. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis study addressed a need in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) to empirically assess interventions for training students to increase cultural competence. This study assessed the effect of an experiential learning opportunity (ELO), in which undergraduate students served as conversational partners to English language learners, on students' cultural competence. A secondary purpose was to assess the association between cultural competence and demographic characteristics to better inform future interventions.MethodUndergraduate CSD majors who participated in a semester-length ELO and their classmates who did not participate in the ELO provided demographic information about cultural background and completed the Cultural Intelligence Scale (Ang et al., 2007) to assess cultural competence at the beginning and end of the semester. ELO participants' end-of-semester reflections were also analyzed for common themes.ResultsQuestionnaire responses for the ELO participants, but not the control group, indicated that cognitive cultural competence significantly increased over the course of this intervention, which suggests the ELO increased participants' knowledge of other cultures. Qualitative analyses indicated that ELO participants found the experience to be positive and beneficial to their future professional careers. Although ELO participants did not significantly differ from the control group in demographic variables, findings indicated that respondents' years in college, parental country of origin, and respondents' learning of languages other than English were significantly associated with the Cultural Intelligence Scale scores.ConclusionThe on-campus experiential service learning opportunity was associated with significantly increased cognitive cultural competence in undergraduate CSD majors. This educational intervention could serve as an accessible way to improve the ability for students to serve culturally and linguistically diverse populations.
A Guide to Coding and Billing for the Audiological Management of Patients Receiving Ototoxic Medical Treatments
Authors: Konrad-Martin Dawn , Swanson Neela , Garinis Angela 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Improved medical care leading to increased survivorship among patients with cancer and infectious diseases has created a need for ototoxicity monitoring programs nationwide. The goal of this report is to promote effective and standardized coding and 3rd-party payer billing practices for the audiological management of symptomatic ototoxicity.

Method

The approach was to compile the relevant
International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision
(ICD-10-CM) codes and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT; American Medical Association) codes and explain their use for obtaining reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance.

Results
Each claim submitted to a payer for reimbursement of ototoxicity monitoring must include both ICD-10-CM codes to report the patient's diagnosis and CPT codes to report the services provided by the audiologist. Results address the general 3rd-party payer guidelines for ototoxicity monitoring and ICD-10-CM and CPT coding principles and provide illustrative examples. There is no “stand-alone” CPT code for high-frequency audiometry, an important test for ototoxicity monitoring. The current method of adding a –22 modifier to a standard audiometry code and then submitting a letter rationalizing why the test was done has inconsistent outcomes and is time intensive for the clinician. Similarly, some clinicians report difficulty getting reimbursed for detailed otoacoustic emissions testing in the context of ototoxicity monitoring.

Conclusions
Ethical practice, not reimbursement, must guide clinical practice. However, appropriate billing and coding resulting in 3rd-party reimbursement for audiology services rendered is critical for maintaining an effective ototoxicity monitoring program. Many 3rd-party payers reimburse for these services. For any CPT code, payment patterns vary widely within and across 3rd-party payers. Standardizing coding and billing practices as well as advocacy including letters from audiology national organizations may be necessary to help resolve these issues of coding and coverage in order to support best practice recommendations for ototoxicity monitoring.
Breast Cancer in Indian Women: Genetic Risk Factors and Predictive Biomarkers
Authors: Saxena Sunita , Chakraborty Anurupa , Kaushal Mishi , Mohil R. S. , Mishra A. K. , Singh L. C. , Sharma Jaganath , Bansal Anju , Agrawal Usha , Mehta Jatin , Asthana Shailendra , Kataki Amal Chand , Kapur Sujala , Bhatnagar Dinesh ,   Chintamani
Published: October 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer among Indian women with a significant increase in incidence in young women. To identify risk factors for breast cancer in young women, study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ line mutations was done in a cohort of 204 Indian breast cancer patients. The study showed a total of 18 mutations in 2.94% of the tested patients, 44% BRCA1 and 78% BRCA2 mutations were found unique to the Indian population. Association of low penetrance genes mainly CYP17, VDR gene and AR-CAG repeat polymorphisms with breast cancer risk showed CYP17 A2 and VDR Poly-A L as high risk alleles, the risk of developing breast cancer among women carrying three high-risk alleles is 4.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–28.0; p for trend = 0.10) compared with women carrying none. CYP17 A2 allele was also found associated with development of breast cancer at young age and can also serve as a target for therapy. Betel quid chewing has been found as a significant and independent risk factor for developing breast cancer in North East Indian women which induces genetic alterations leading to breast carcinogenesis. Studies to assess the predictive role of various tumor markers showed that expression of p-glycoprotein in pretreatment biopsy predicts a poor clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients having locally advanced breast cancer. The chemotherapy-induced toxicity (vomiting and alopecia) correlated significantly with clinical and immunohistochemical response (reduction in bcl2/bax ratio) and were found to be a cost-effective and reliable predictor of response to NACT. Androgen receptor (AR) has been identified as independent predictive marker for response to NACT in locally advanced breast cancer cases and can serve as novel therapeutic target for triple negative breast cancers.
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children Exposed in Utero to Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Getahun Darios , Fassett Michael J. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Xiang Anny H. , Takhar Harpreet S. , Wing Deborah A. , Peltier Morgan R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine if hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk, and how this association is influenced by race, ethnicity, sex, exposure timing, and medication used to treat it.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study using records from 469,789 mother–child pairs who delivered at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) hospital (1991–2014). Singleton-born children were followed longitudinally from 2 to 17 years of age. Clinical records were used to determine the diagnosis of HG and specialist-confirmed diagnosis of ASD.
Results Children exposed to HG in-utero had higher rates of ASD than unexposed children (2.87 vs. 1.71/1,000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio [adj.HR]: 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–1.70). Children exposed at first and second trimester of pregnancies were more likely to develop ASD; 1.58-fold (95% CI: 1.40–1.79), and 1.36-fold (95% CI: 1.05–1.75), respectively, compared with unexposed children. HG was associated with ASD for boys (adj.HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.33–1.70) and girls (adj.HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.28–2.05). HG was significantly associated with ASD risk in white and Hispanic children. The medications used to treat HG did not contribute to ASD risk.
Conclusion HG diagnosis is associated with ASD risk and may be helpful in identifying at-risk children who could benefit from enhanced surveillance and earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Language attitudes modulate phonetic interactions between languages in bilingual speakers in diglossic
settings
Authors: Law Wai Ling , Dmitrieva Olga , Francis Alexander L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bilinguals’ attitudes toward their languages can be a major source of linguistic variability. However, the effect
of attitudes on crosslinguistic phonetic interactions in bilinguals remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the
possibility of such effects in Cantonese-English bilinguals in Hong Kong (n = 26). Participants produced
near-homophones in each language on separate days. Formant values of Cantonese [ɐ] and English [ʌ] and degrees of diphthongization
of Cantonese [o] and [ai], and English [oʊ] and [ai], were analyzed as a function of language proficiency, use, and language
attitude scores drawn from a background questionnaire. Participants’ attitudes toward Cantonese were predictive of the acoustic
difference between similar Cantonese and Hong Kong English (HKE) vowels: More Cantonese-oriented speakers produced greater
acoustic distance between crosslinguistically similar vowels. No effects of English attitudes, proficiency, or use were found.
These results demonstrate that bilinguals’ attitude toward their native language can affect the degree of phonetic similarity
between the two languages they speak.
Motivational patterns in persistent swimmers: A serial mediation analysis
Authors: Teixeira D. S. , Pelletier L. G. , Monteiro D. , Rodrigues F. , Moutão J. , Marinho D. A. , Cid L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective: The main objective of the present study was to examine the associations between coach‐created task‐involving climate and athletes’ intentions to continue practicing sport, through a serial mediation analysis that included basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPN), self‐determined motivation (SDM) and enjoyment. Methods: Seven‐hundred and ninety‐nine elite swimmers (450 males, 349 females; aged 12–22 years, M = 16.65, SD = 2.83) participated in the present study. Groups were created according to age, years of experience, and gender. Results: Serial mediation analysis provided support for the proposed model where BPN's and enjoyment represent the most important mediators between task‐involving climate and athletes’ intentions to continue sport practice. Conclusion: Enjoyment stands out as the most relevant predictor of intention to persist and as a significant mediator in the relation between task‐involvement climate, BPN, SDM, and long‐term sports practice. The task‐involving climate created by coaches appears to set in motion a sequence where the satisfaction of basic needs and SDM lead to more enjoyment and increased persistence among young athletes.
Neurodynamic sliders promote flexibility in tight hamstring syndrome
Authors: de Ridder Roel , De Blaiser Cedric , Verrelst Ruth , De Saer Roeland , Desmet Andreas , Schuermans Joke 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTHamstring injury prevention puts emphasis on optimizing the muscle's strength–length relationship. To assure appropriate muscle length, flexibility training is imperative. As neurodynamics play an important role herein, the goal of this study was to explore the intervention effect of home‐based neurodynamic slider program on hamstring flexibility. Fifty physically active male subjects were randomly assigned to either performing a neurodynamic sliding technique (3 × 20 reps) or a static stretching protocol (3 × 30″) on a daily basis for a 6‐week period. Hamstring flexibility was assessed by means of the Straight Leg Raise at baseline, immediately after the intervention and after 4 weeks follow up. There was no between group baseline difference in hamstring flexibility. The repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant interaction effect for group × time (p < 0.001). Independent sample t‐test showed a significantly higher increase in flexibility gain in the neurodynamic group immediately after the intervention (p < 0.001), as well as at 4 weeks retention analysis (p = 0.001) compared to the static stretch group. In conclusion, neurodynamic sliders might be more efficient than regular static stretching in affecting hamstring flexibility in the long run.