bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of arsenic release in drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Triantafyllidou Simoni , Lytle Darren A. , Chen Abraham S. C. , Wang Lili , Muhlen Christy , Sorg Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 20 water systems from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Arsenic Demonstration Program demonstrated three patterns of arsenic levels at the tap after arsenic treatment of the source well water. Following an initial destabilization period, Pattern A systems (6/20 with low iron/manganese in source water and plastic piping) had arsenic concentrations that did not change as water traveled to consumer taps (conservative contaminant behavior). Pattern B systems (8/20 with high iron/manganese in source water and iron piping) had consistently higher arsenic concentrations at consumer taps, above the arsenic content of incoming treated water, for months to more than a year after arsenic treatment (nonconservative behavior). Pattern C systems (6/20 with additional occasional arsenic treatment complications) experienced multiple arsenic spikes at consumer taps (nonconservative and unpredictable behavior). These field observations suggest that, in some water distribution systems, arsenic may linger long after it has been removed at its source.
Case series: Amniotic band sequence with craniofacial abnormalities
Authors: Lies Shelby , Beckwith Terri , Mills Janith , Butler Lesley , Ezaki Marybeth , Oishi Scott 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo objectively describe craniofacial, visual, and neurological features associated with amniotic band syndrome (ABS) and discuss likely associated multifactorial etiology.MethodsA retrospective review of patients identified with ABS and concomitant limb involvement and craniofacial features was conducted. The following data were collected from the patients' medical records: demographic information, past medical history including birth history, surgical history, previous clinic visits/physical exams, description of craniofacial features and ABS, family history, any noted obstetric complications, visceral features, visual features, craniofacial features, intracranial features, neurological symptoms, developmental features, diagnostic tests (including radiographs, IQ testing, EEG findings, chromosomes), photographs, and treatment history.ResultsSeven patients were included in the final cohort, all of whom had a cleft lip with six having both cleft lip and palate. Other craniofacial abnormalities seen were facial clefts which were vertical oblique in nature, tear duct involvement, cranial deformities that required surgical correction with cranial reconstruction, recorded hypertelorism with vision and gaze abnormalities, coloboma, lagopthalmos and optic never dysplasia.ConclusionsThis case series presents seven children with craniofacial involvement associated with amniotic band sequence and attempts to categorize the salient dysmorphology and neurocognitive development. Major craniofacial anomalies in patients with ABS is a rare clinical finding that cannot be completely explained on the basis of premature amniotic layer disruption alone. This study supports that the dysmorphology seen in cases of ABS with craniofacial involvement is complex and most likely multifactorial.Level of EvidenceIV Case Series.
Achieving a better understanding of binary azeotropic mixtures distillation through Aspen Plus process simulations
Authors: Roman Claudia , García‐Morales Moisés 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMass transfer operations are at the heart of every chemical engineering curriculum, as they are the basis of separation procedures extensively used in the chemical industry. Distillation, which involves mass transfer between vapor and liquid phases, is, by far, the most extended separation practice. However, the presence of azeotropes in most of the mixtures with industrial interest complicates the process analysis due to tedious and complex calculations, even in the simplest case of binary mixtures. Moreover, the need for recycle streams makes convergence and variables specification very difficult as compared with the separation of nonazeotropic mixtures. Initial training in process simulators results fundamentally in high‐quality chemical engineering teaching programs. It yields a better understanding of enhanced distillation and entails the use of professional tools highly demanded by employers. This paper reports how the use of the commercial simulator Aspen Plus can help students explore azeotropic distillation by their own, and thus enables looking into aspects which are beyond the scope of problems solved by hand.
Spectrum of TERT promoter mutations and mechanisms of activation in thyroid cancer
Authors: Panebianco Federica , Nikitski Alyaksandr V. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Nikiforov Yuri E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundReactivation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is an important event in cancer. Two hotspot mutations in the TERT promoter region, c.‐124C > T (C228T) and c.‐146C > T (C250T), occur in various cancer types including thyroid cancer. They generate de novo binding sites for E‐twenty‐six (ETS) transcription factors causing increased TERT transcription. The aim of this study was to search for novel TERT promoter mutations and additional mechanisms of TERT activation in thyroid cancer.MethodsWe studied 198 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), 34 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs), 40 Hürthle cell carcinomas (HCCs), 14 poorly differentiated/anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (PDTC/ATC), and 15 medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) for mutations in an −424 bp to +64 bp region of TERT. The luciferase reporter assay was used to functionally characterize the identified alterations. Copy number variations (CNVs) in the TERT region were analyzed using TaqMan copy number assay and validated with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).ResultsWe detected the hotspot c.‐124C > T and c.‐146C > T mutations in 7% PTC, 18% FTC, 25% HCC, and 86% PDTC/ATC. One PTC carried a c.‐124C > A mutation. Furthermore, we identified two novel mutations resulting in the formation of de novo ETS‐binding motifs: c.‐332C > T in one MTC and c.‐104_‐83dup in one PTC. These genetic alterations, as well as other detected mutations, led to a significant increase in TERT promoter activity when assayed using luciferase reporter system. In addition, 5% of thyroid tumors were found to have ≥3 copies of TERT.ConclusionsThis study confirms the increased prevalence of TERT promoter mutations and CNV in advanced thyroid cancers and describes novel functional alterations in the TERT gene promoter, including a point mutation and small duplication. These mutations, as well as TERT copy number alterations, may represent an additional mechanism of TERT activation in thyroid cancer.
Multiplex methylated DNA testing in plasma with high sensitivity and specificity for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Zhao Guodong , Li Hui , Yang Zixuan , Wang Zhenzhen , Xu Manqiu , Xiong Shangmin , Li Shiming , Wu XiaoTing , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Ziwen , Zhu Yun , Ma Yong , Fei Sujuan , Zheng Minxue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMethylated SEPT9 showed relatively low sensitivity in detecting early stage colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenomas (AA) in plasma. Combination of multiple biomarkers was an effective strategy to improve sensitivity in early stage cancer diagnosis and screening. A new qPCR‐based assay combining the detection of methylated SEPT9 and SDC2 (ColoDefense test) was used. Methylation statuses of SEPT9 and SDC2 were examined in 40 sets of cancer tissues and paired adjacent tissues, 10 adenomatous polyps and 3 hyperplastic polyps (HP). Then evaluated with 384 plasma samples, including 117 CRC patients, 23 AA patients, 78 small polyps patients, and 166 normal individuals. The limit of detection of ColoDefense was about 25 pg per reaction. Both SEPT9 and SDC2 were shown by ColoDefense to be heavily methylated in CRC tissues when compared to paired paracancerous tissues and HP (P < .01). The sensitivities for detecting AA and stage I CRC by plasma SEPT9 methylation alone were 12.1% and 65.0%, and those by plasma SDC2 methylation alone were 43.5% and 55.0%. In comparison, the sensitivities to detect AA and stage I CRC by ColoDefense improved to 47.8% and 80.0%. The overall sensitivity of ColoDefense in detecting CRC was 88.9% (95% CI: 81.4%‐93.7%) with a specificity of 92.8% (95% CI: 87.4%‐96.0%). Detection of the combinatorial biomarker of methylated SEPT9 and/or SDC2 is a powerful, convenient and highly effective strategy for early CRC screening with high sensitivity and specificity.
Metastases with definitive pathological diagnosis but no detectable primary tumor: A surveillance epidemiology and end results‐based study
Authors: Tao Lianyuan , Yu Haibo , Dong Yadong , Tian Guanjing , Ren Zhiyuan , Li Deyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates the characteristics of a special type of cancer of unknown primary site (CUP, type 2), which is a metastasis of a definite pathological diagnosis without a detectable primary site.Patients and methodsPatients diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The characteristics of type 2 CUP from different sources were analyzed. For each source of type 2 CUP, tumors of the corresponding TnN0‐XM1 stage were used as controls.ResultsA total of 8505 patients with type 2 CUP were included in this analysis. Type 2 CUP shows an increasing trend, while type 1 shows the opposite. Type 2 CUPs have significant differences with stage IV of the same pathological primary lesion. Many characteristics influenced the prognosis of type 2 CUP patients, including marital status, age, race, sex, registration time, lymph node metastasis, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.ConclusionOur study suggests that identifying the source of metastasis is the key to the selection of treatment and the determination of the prognosis for CUP.
Novel laser‐based catheter for peripheral atherectomy: 6‐month results from the Eximo Medical B‐Laser™ IDE study
Authors: Rundback John , Chandra Pradeep , Brodmann Marianne , Weinstock Barry , Sedillo Gino , Cawich Ian , Micari Antonio , Lee Arthur , Metzger Chris , Palena Luis Mariano , Shammas Nicolas W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe B‐Laser™ atherectomy system (Eximo Medical, Israel) is a 355 nm solid‐state Nd:YAG short pulse laser for de‐novo and restenotic infrainguinal PAD with enhanced affinity for atheroma and calcified plaque.MethodsThe study was a prospective, single‐arm, multi‐center, international, open‐label study assessing the B‐Laser™ in symptomatic (Rutherford 2 to 4) infrainguinal peripheral artery disease. Primary core lab efficacy was mean reduction in diameter stenosis >20% by the B‐Laser™ catheter alone. Cardiovascular death, major amputation, target lesion revascularization, WIQ, ABI and Rutherford class were obtained at baseline and out to 6 months. Duplex ultrasound patency (PSVR <2.5), was evaluated by Core Lab.Results97 (77 in USA) PAD subjects (51 male, mean 70.5 years [range 46–86]) with 107 lesions were treated with B‐Laser™ (average length 5.4 cm [range 1–24], 29.0% infrapopliteal. 77.6% calcification [26.2% severe], 21.5% chronic total occlusions, 20.6% re‐stenotic). Average reduction in residual stenosis post B‐Laser™ alone was 33.6 ± 14.2%. Baseline and final stenosis (post laser and adjunctive therapy) were 85.7 ± 12.2% and 17.7 ± 11.0%, respectively. Duplex patency was 96.8% at 30‐days and 85.6% at 6 months (95.7% 6‐month patency with severe calcification), and did not differ between POBA vs. DCB sub‐groups. ABI, Rutherford category and WIQ all improved. There was one MAE and three TLRs out of 101 lesions. No procedural distal embolization was noted and there were no major device‐related dissections.ConclusionsExperience with the B‐Laser™ atherectomy system in infrainguinal PAD procedures demonstrates a high level of safety and efficacy for denovo and restenotic infrainguinal arterial lesions.
A Synthetic Route Toward Tetrazoles: The Thermolysis of Geminal Diazides
Authors: Holzschneider Kristina , Tong My Linh , Mohr Fabian , Kirsch Stefan F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new synthetic route toward the tetrazole core is described, which is based on a general fragmentation pattern that was found in a range of compounds featuring geminal diazido units. Through a simple two‐step procedure, the synthesis of structurally diverse target compounds containing a tetrazole, such as tetrazoloquinoxalinones, benzoylaryltetrazoles, tetrazolotriazinones, and tetrazoloazepinones, was easily accomplished, starting from broadly accessible substrates (i.e., oxindoles, diarylethanones, pyrazolones, and phenanthrols). The initial oxidative diazidation reaction with iodine and sodium azide under mild conditions is followed by the thermal fragmentation under microwave irradiation, leading to the tetrazole products. Noteworthy, an experimental solution is presented in which the potentially hazardous diazide intermediates are not isolated and the concentration of crude reaction mixtures containing diazides is not required to achieve the tetrazoles in good yields.
Organometallic Iridium(III) Complex Sensitized Ternary Hybrid Photocatalyst for CO2 to CO Conversion
Authors: Kim Pil Soo , Choi Sunghan , Kim So‐Yoen , Jo Ju Hyoung , Lee Yoon Seo , Kim Bupmo , Kim Wooyul , Choi Wonyong , Kim Chul Hoon , Son Ho‐Jin , Pac Chyongjin , Kang Sang Ook 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes functionalized with two phosphonic acid (−PO3H2) groups (dfppyIrP, ppyIrP, btpIrP, and piqIrP) were prepared and anchored onto rhenium(I) catalyst (ReP)‐loaded TiO2 particles (TiO2/ReP) to build up a new IrP‐sensitized TiO2 photocatalyst system (IrP/TiO2/ReP). The photosensitizing behavior of the IrP series was examined within the IrP/TiO2/ReP platform for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into CO. The four IrP‐based ternary hybrids showed increased conversion activity and durability than that of the corresponding homo‐ (IrP+ReP) and heterogeneous (IrP+TiO2/ReP) mixed systems. Among the four IrP/TiO2/ReP photocatalysts, the low‐energy‐light (>500 nm) activated piqIrP immobilized ternary system (piqIrP/TiO2/ReP) exhibited the most durable conversion activity, giving a turnover number of ≥730 for 170 h. A similar kinetic feature observed through time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements of both btpIrP/TiO2 and TiO2‐free btpIrP films suggests that the net electron flow in the ternary hybrid proceeds dominantly through a reductive quenching mechanism, unlike the oxidative quenching route of typical dye/TiO2‐based photolysis.
Ions and electric current in bipolar water electrolysis
Authors: Koch Klemens 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIonen sind schwierig zu verstehen. Wie verhalten sie sich in Wasser? Wie fließt elektrischer Strom durch eine Salzlösung und was passiert an den Elektroden? Eine einfache, überraschende und ästhetische Version der Wasserelektrolyse wird vorgestellt. Darin zeigt ein Universalindikator die Reaktionen an den Elektroden und ihre Stöchiometrie. Eine Bipolelektrode und zwei Elektrolysen in Serie führen zu neuen Einsichten.
The prevalence of 30‐day readmission after acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Huijie , Zhao Ting , Wei Xiaoliang , Lu Huifang , Lin Xiufang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe 30‐day readmission is associated with increased medical costs, which has become an important quality metric in several medical institutions. This current study is aimed at clarifying the prevalence, the underlying risk factors, and reasons of the 30‐day readmission after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were systematically searched to identify eligible studies. Random‐effect models were employed to perform pooled analyses. Means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate prevalence and reasons for 30‐day readmission. We also used Odds ratios (ORs) to explore the potential significant predictors of risk factors of 30‐day readmission after AMI. Potential publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Begg'test.ResultsA total of 14 relevant studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The pooled 30‐day readmission rate of AMI was 12% (95% CI 0.11‐0.14). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), angina and acute ischemic heart disease, and heart failure (HF) were the principal cardiovascular reasons of 30‐day readmission. Meanwhile, non‐specific chest pain was regarded as the significant cause among non‐cardiovascular reasons. The common co‐morbidities kidney disease, HF and diabetes mellitus were significant risk factors for 30‐day readmission. No significant publication bias was found by funnel plot and statistical tests.ConclusionsThe 30‐day readmission rate of post‐AMI ranged from 11% to 14% and can be mainly attributed to cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular events. The common co‐morbidities, such as kidney disease, HF, and diabetes mellitus were significant risk factors for 30‐day readmission.
Characterizing the morphology of somatostatin‐expressing interneurons and their synaptic innervation pattern in the barrel cortex of the GFP‐expressing inhibitory neurons mouse
Authors: Zhou Xiaojuan , Mansori Ima , Fischer Tatjana , Witte Mirko , Staiger Jochen F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSomatostatin‐expressing (SST+) cells form the second largest subpopulation of neocortical GABAergic neurons that contain diverse subtypes, which participate in layer‐specific cortical circuits. Martinotti cells, as the most abundant subtype of SST+ interneurons, are mainly located in layers II/III and V/VI, and are characterized by dense axonal arborizations in layer I. GFP‐expressing inhibitory neurons (GIN), representing a fraction of mainly upper layer SST+ interneurons in various cortical areas, were recently claimed to include both Martinotti cells and non‐Martinotti cells. This makes it necessary to examine in detail the morphology and synaptic innervation pattern of the GIN cells, in order to better predict their functional implications. In our study, we characterized the neurochemical specificity, somatodendritic morphology, synaptic ultrastructure as well as synaptic innervation pattern of GIN cells in the barrel cortex in a layer‐specific manner. We showed that GIN cells account for 44% of the SST+ interneurons in layer II/III and around 35% in layers IV and Va. There are 29% of GIN cells coexpressing calretinin with 54% in layer II/III, 8% in layer IV, and 13% in layer V. They have diverse somatodendritic configurations and form relatively small synapses across all examined layers. They almost exclusively innervate dendrites of excitatory cells, preferentially targeting distal apical dendrites and apical dendritic tufts of pyramidal neurons in layer I, and rarely target other inhibitory neurons. In summary, our study reveals unique features in terms of the morphology and output of GIN cells, which can help to better understand their diversity and structure–function relationships.
Enhanced Photo‐Response of Mos2 Photodetectors by a Laterally Aligned SiO2 Nanoribbon Array Substrate
Authors: Lim Namsoo , Pak Yusin , Kim Jae‐Keun , Yoo Tae Jin , Kim Hyeonghun , Kumaresan Yogeenth , Kim Woochul , Cho Seongjun , Kwon Sooncheol , Hun Lee Byoung , Lee Takhee , Jung Gun‐Young 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAchieving both high photocurrent and small dark current is required for the enhanced performance of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) photodetector (PD). In the two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide PD, inevitable recombinations occur highly at intrinsic defects of MoS2 and impede photo‐generated carrier releasement into electrodes, resulting in a poor PD performance. To address this issue without introducing a superiorly high‐crystalline MoS2 monolayer and/or complex PD architecture, we for the first time report a facile method of simply transferring the MoS2 onto a periodically aligned silicon dioxide nanoribbons (SNR) array substrate fabricated by 325 nm laser interference lithography. Interestingly, two different n‐doping states are arranged alternately on the MoS2 layer, depending on the underlying region of contact substrate (pristine SiO2 and SNR). The different n‐doping levels induce internal electric fields by which photo‐generated carriers are separated, reducing the recombination chance. The MoS2 PD on the SNR array substrate shows an improved photocurrent to dark current ratio of ∼360 (∼7 times larger than that of the reference PD on the pristine SiO2 substrate), while producing a small dark current of ∼10−12 A at VG=0 V. Our method paves the way for enhancing the performance of other 2D materials‐based optoelectronic devices.
A Single‐Benzene‐Based Fluorophore: Optical Waveguiding in the Crystal Form
Authors: Cho Eunbee , Choi Jinho , Jo Seonyoung , Park Dong‐Hyuk , Hong Young Ki , Kim Dongwook , Lee Taek Seung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA single‐benzene‐based, blue‐emissive diethyl 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalate (DDT) was prepared by Fischer esterification of 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHT) and ethanol. The strong fluorescence in both the solution and the solid state from such a simple framework stemmed from the push‐pull structure of the electron‐donating hydroxy groups and the accepting carbonyl groups, as well as structural planarity from intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds enabled DDT to crystallize easily. The color CCD imaging technique showed efficient 1D optical waveguiding with a large optical loss coefficient of 0.15 dB/μm. DDT has potential application in optical sensors, photonic devices, and optoelectronic communication, because of its highly ordered structure and light‐emitting ability.
PhotoRAFT Polymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride Using a Household White LED as Light Source at Room Temperature
Authors: Yang Qizhi , Ladmiral Vincent , Améduri Bruno 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe photoRAFT (RAFT=reversible addition‐fragmentation radical transfer) polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) mediated by O‐ethyl‐S‐(1‐methoxycarbonyl)ethyl dithiocarbonate using a household white LED as light source at room temperature is presented. PVDFs with molar masses up to ca. 8000 g mol−1 and low dispersities (1.11–1.49) were obtained. Kinetic experiments revealed that the use of Ir(ppy)3 as photoredox catalyst lead to faster polymerization. A slowdown of the chain equilibration process was observed during the polymerization, attributed to the accumulation of the less reactivatable CF2−CH2−Xa terminated chains.
Electrochemical Transformation of Facet‐Controlled BiOI into Mesoporous Bismuth Nanosheets for Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid
Authors: Wu Dan , Liu Jianwen , Liang Yue , Xiang Kun , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMesoporous bismuth nanosheets are prepared through electrochemical transformation of (100)‐facet exposed BiOI. Theoretical modeling and calculations are used to simulate the in situ morphological transformation of BiOI into Bi. Mesoporous Bi nanosheets show superior electrochemical CO2 reduction performance. A faradaic efficiency of 95.9 % at −0.77 VRHE for the conversion of CO2 into formic acid, is achieved for the mesoporous Bi nanosheet catalyst compared with 93.8 % at −0.87 VRHE for the smooth Bi nanosheets. Tafel analysis and DFT calculations indicate that the electrochemical CO2 reduction on mesoporous Bi nanosheets is kinetically faster with a higher resistance to H2 generation than that on smooth Bi(001) nanosheets. The CO2‐to‐HCOOH pathway is preferred through formation of an *OCHO intermediate on the (012) and (001) planes of Bi. The mesoporous structure induces a more accessible interaction with CO2, which makes a predominant contribution to the enhanced performance compared with the subsequent CO2 activation on different facets of Bi.