bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X: A Quarterly Review and McGahern’s modernism
Authors: Walker Tom 
Published: May 2018

This chapter looks at the interconnected Dublin and London contexts to McGahern’s reception of literary and visual modernism. It does so primarily through the prism of the material and ideas circulating in the magazine X: A Quarterly Review and among the coterie (Patrick Swift, Anthony Cronin and others) involved in its production – with whom McGahern had considerable contact leading up to and following his first appearance in print in the magazine. This context is accessed through fresh archival research, including drawing on some previously un-discussed correspondence between the editors, and their patrons and contributors. This is also aligned to broader theoretical and historical perspectives on the relationship between the abstract and the actual within visual and literary modernism, as well as the post-war fate of modernism and the avant-garde.
Sustainable Development: Linking Environment and Development
Authors: Langhelle Oluf 
Published: May 2018

This chapter starts with the origin of the concept sustainable development and establishes what the innovation of sustainable development represented – the merging of environment and development. It then explores what has happened with this concept in its 30 years of existence in terms of two key questions: What has been the impact of sustainable development? Has sustainable development made any difference at all?	These questions are discussed in light of two different but equally important issues that have permeated the whole complex of global environment and development linkages since the late 1960s: the question of (environmental) limits and the question of economic growth. The chapter argues that sustainable development is both simple and notoriously complex. It is simple in the sense that it builds on intuitive ideas which merge environmental and developmental concerns. It is complex in the sense that it demands the cooperation of all countries in a globalized, competitive, capitalist system. Further, the merging of environment and development is argued to be inescapable–there is simply no way out of the sustainable development equation. Sustainable development will therefore continue to be the main framework for the integration of the challenges of environment and development.
High correlation between skin color based on CIELAB color space, epidermal melanocyte ratio, and melanocyte melanin content
Authors: Huang Wen-Shyan , Wang Yi-Wen , Hung Kun-Che , Hsieh Pai-Shan , Fu Keng-Yen , Dai Lien-Guo , Liou Nien-Hsien , Ma Kuo-Hsing , Liu Jiang-Chuan , Dai Niann-Tzyy 
Published: May 2018

Background
To treat skin color disorders, such as vitiligo or burns, melanocytes are transplanted for tissue regeneration. However, melanocyte distribution in the human body varies with age and location, making it difficult to select the optimal donor skin to achieve a desired color match. Determining the correlations with the desired skin color measurement based on CIELAB color, epidermal melanocyte numbers, and melanin content of individual melanocytes is critical for clinical application.

Method
Fifteen foreskin samples from Asian young adults were analyzed for skin color, melanocyte ratio (melanocyte proportion in the epidermis), and melanin concentration. Furthermore, an equation was developed based on CIELAB color with melanocyte ratio, melanin concentration, and the product of melanocyte ratio and melanin concentration. The equation was validated by seeding different ratios of keratinocytes and melanocytes in tissue-engineered skin substitutes, and the degree of fitness in expected skin color was confirmed.

Results
Linear regression analysis revealed a significant strong negative correlation (r = − 0.847, R2 = 0.717) between CIELAB L* value and the product of the epidermal melanocyte ratio and cell-based melanin concentration. Furthermore, the results showed that an optimal skin color match was achieved by the formula.

Discussion
We found that L* value was correlated with the value obtained from multiplying the epidermal melanocyte ratio (R) and melanin content (M) and that this correlation was more significant than either L* vs M or L* vs R. This suggests that more accurate prediction of skin color can be achieved by considering both R and M. Therefore, precise skin color match in treating vitiligo or burn patients would be potentially achievable based on extensive collection of skin data from people of Asian descent.
Controlled Growth of Patterned Conducting Polymer Microsuckers on Superhydrophobic Micropillar‐Structured Templates
Authors: Chen Yupeng , Meng Jingxin , Zhu Zhongpeng , Zhang Feilong , Wang Luying , Gu Zhen , Jiang Lei , Wang Shutao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMorphology greatly impacts the performance improvement of conducting polymers for signal detection, actuator microfabrication, and droplet manipulation applications. However, most of the previous methods cannot satisfy practical demands due to their intrinsic drawbacks. Here, a general strategy is developed for the fabrication of patterned conducting polymers with precisely controlled microstructures (e.g., polypyrrole microsuckers) by regulating the solid/liquid/gas triphase interface and electrochemical polymerization. By regulating the distance between the Pt plate and micropillar‐structured templates, the growth directions of the microsuckers on the pillar tops change from upward (+26 ± 5°) to downward (−32 ± 7°), and their positions to the pillar tops are changed from proximal to distal due to an adjustment in the solid/liquid/gas triphase interface. The influencing factors on the microsucker growth performance, such as the time and current of electrochemical polymerization, the shape and size of micropillars, the type of conducting polymers, are systematically investigated. Furthermore, the as‐prepared microsuckers can be used for transporting water droplets because of their adjustable adhesion to water, which linearly increased from 33.5 ± 2.3 to 61.1 ± 1.2 µN with an increase in the projected epitaxial length of the microsuckers from 3.38 ± 0.39 to 8.78 ± 0.79 µm.
2D Prior Spreading Inspired from Chinese Xuan Papers
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Du Ming , Miao Weining , Wang Dianyu , Zhu Zhongpeng , Tian Ye , Jiang Lei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLiquid spreading is fundamental to many applications in interfacial materials. However, anisotropic spreading inside superlyophilic fabrics, playing an important role in clothing materials, ink printing, medical masks, and paper manufacturing industry, is rarely studied. Here, a special wetting phenomenon is introduced on Chinese Xuan papers, a kind of handmade papers dating from thousands of years ago in China, mainly for painting and calligraphy with Chinese brushes. Different from other papers or porous materials, liquid, such as ink, prefers to spread along the 2D direction, meaning that liquid can spread out rapidly while it seldom permeates through the papers, avoiding blotting of the underlying sheet. The antipermeation test shows that 150 µL of water is added to Xuan papers without permeation, which is attributed to the multilayered spreading, resulting from the layered anisotropic micro/nanofibrous structures. Inspired from this, similarly structured fabrics with liquid 2D prior spreading and antipermeation abilities are electrospun. About 175 µL of water is able to spread completely without permeation. These findings demonstrate a new wetting concept for manufacturing antipermeation materials with controlled ultrafast 2D spreading properties.
Synergetic Combinations of Dual‐Targeting Ligands for Enhanced In Vitro and In Vivo Tumor Targeting
Authors: Liu Yun , Hui Yue , Ran Rui , Yang Guang‐Ze , Wibowo David , Wang Hao‐Fei , Middelberg Anton P. J. , Zhao Chun‐Xia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe concept of dual‐ligand targeting has been around for quite some time, but remains controversial due to the intricate interplay between so many different factors such as the choice of dual ligands, their densities, ratios and length matching, etc. Herein, the synthesis of a combinatorial library of single and dual‐ligand nanoparticles with systematically varied properties (ligand densities, ligand ratios, and lengths) for tumor targeting is reported. Folic acid (FA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are used as two model targeting ligands. It is found that the length matching and ligand ratio play critical roles in achieving the synergetic effect of the dual‐ligand targeting. When FA is presented on the nanoparticle surface through a 5K polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain, the dual ligand formulations using the HA with either 5K or 10K length do not show any targeting effect, but the right length of HA (7K) with a careful selection of the right ligand ratio do enhance the targeting efficiency and specificity significantly. Further in vitro 3D tumor spheroid models and in vivo xenograft mice models confirm the synergetic targeting efficiency of the optimal dual‐ligand formulation (5F2H7K). This work provides a valuable insight into the design of dual‐ligand targeting nanosystems.
Low‐Temperature Growth of All‐Carbon Graphdiyne on a Silicon Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shang Hong , Zuo Zicheng , Yu Le , Wang Fan , He Feng , Li Yuliang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn situ weaving an all‐carbon graphdiyne coat on a silicon anode is scalably realized under ultralow temperature (25 °C). This economical strategy not only constructs 3D all‐carbon mechanical and conductive networks with reasonable voids for the silicon anode at one time but also simultaneously forms a robust interfacial contact among the electrode components. The intractable problems of the disintegrations in the mechanical and conductive networks and the interfacial contact caused by repeated volume variations during cycling are effectively restrained. The as‐prepared electrode demostrates the advantages of silicon regarding capacity (4122 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) with robust capacity retention (1503 mA h g−1) after 1450 cycles at 2 A g−1, and a commercial‐level areal capacity up to 4.72 mA h cm−2 can be readily approached. Furthermore, this method shows great promises in solving the key problems in other high‐energy‐density anodes.
Direct Electrolytic Splitting of Seawater: Activity, Selectivity, Degradation, and Recovery Studied from the Molecular Catalyst Structure to the Electrolyzer Cell Level
Authors: Dresp Sören , Dionigi Fabio , Loos Stefan , Ferreira de Araujo Jorge , Spöri Camillo , Gliech Manuel , Dau Holger , Strasser Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeawater electrolysis faces fundamental chemical challenges, such as the suppression of highly detrimental halogen chemistries, which has to be ensured by selective catalyst and suitable operating conditions. In the present study, nanostructured NiFe‐layered double hydroxide and Pt nanoparticles are selected as catalysts for the anode and cathode, respectively. The seawater electrolyzer is tested successfully for 100 h at maximum current densities of 200 mA cm−2 at 1.6 V employing surrogate sea water and compared to fresh water feeds. Different membrane studies are carried out to reveal the cause of the current density drop. During long‐term dynamic tests, under simulated day‐night cycles, an unusual cell power performance recovery effect is uncovered, which is subsequently harnessed in a long‐term diurnal day‐night cycle test. The natural day‐night cycles of the electrolyzer input power can be conceived as a reversible catalyst materials recovery treatment of the device when using photovoltaic electricity sources. To understand the origin of this reversible recovery on a molecular materials level, in situ extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and X‐ray near‐edge region spectra are applied.
Development and validation of an LC–MS/MS Method for the quantitation of heparan sulfate in human urine
Authors: Wang Kai , Li Ming , Xiao Yijin , Ma Mark , Hu Wei , Liang Tao , Lin Zhongping John 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHeparan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide and serves as an important biomarker to monitor patient response to therapies for MPS III disorder. It is challenging to analyze heparan sulfate intact owing to its complexity and heterogeneity. Therefore, a sensitive, robust and validated LC–MS/MS method is needed to support the clinical studies for the quantitation of heparan sulfate in biofluids under regulated settings. Presented in this work are the results of the development and validation of an LC–MS/MS method for the quantitation of heparan sulfate in human urine using selected high‐abundant disaccharides as surrogates. During sample processing, a combination of analytical technologies have been employed, including rapid digestion, filtration, solid‐phase extraction and chemical derivatization. The validated method is highly sensitive and is able to analyze heparan sulfate in urine samples from healthy donors. Disaccharide constitution analysis in urine samples from 25 healthy donors was performed using the assay and demonstrated the proof of concept of using selected disaccharides as a surrogate for validation and quantitation.
Risk factors for pneumonitis in patients treated with anti‐programmed death‐1 therapy: A case‐control study
Authors: Cui Pengfei , Liu Zhefeng , Wang Guoqiang , Ma Junxun , Qian Yuanyu , Zhang Fan , Han Chun , Long Yaping , Li Ye , Zheng Xuan , Sun Danyang , Zhang Jing , Cai Shangli , Jiao Shunchang , Hu Yi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade‐related pneumonitis is a rare but potentially life‐threatening adverse effect, but its risk factors are not completely understood. This case‐control study was conducted to identify pneumonitis risk factors in patients treated with anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including all the patients who developed pneumonitis after anti‐PD‐1 mAbs treatment in the Cancer Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from September 2015 to September 2017. Two controls per case were matched according to a propensity‐score matching algorithm to account for confounding effects caused by individual baseline variables. Demographic and clinical information was obtained from medical records. In total, 55 cases and 110 controls were included in the study. No association was observed between smoking status or primary lung cancer and risk of pneumonitis. Significant risk factors for pneumonitis related to anti‐PD‐1 mAbs were prior thoracic radiotherapy, prior lung disease and combination therapy with odds ratios of 3.34 (1.51‐7.39), 2.86 (1.45‐5.64) and 2.73 (1.40‐5.31), respectively. The associations remained significant in the multivariable logistic regression model. The risk of pneumonitis induced by anti‐PD‐1 mAbs is associated with prior thoracic radiotherapy, prior lung disease, and combination therapy. Clinicians should monitor these features in patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 therapy to optimize clinical safety and efficacy.
Selection of Low‐Cost Ionic Liquid Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction in Propylene Carbonate/Tetrabutylammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Chen Tian‐You , Shi Jin , Shen Feng‐Xia , Zhen Jian‐Zheng , Li Yun‐Fei , Shi Feng , Yang Bin , Jia You‐Jian , Dai. Yong‐Nian , Hu Yu‐Qi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) has attracted increasing attention, because this method provides a new route for CO2 recycling utilization. As CO2 is chemically inert, this reaction requires a high over‐potential. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop an electrocatalyst to accelerate this reaction. In the present work, we have investigated numerous imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with the aim of looking for a low‐cost homogeneous catalyst with high efficiency. By comparison, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) has been selected as the most cost‐effective. To further reduce the cost of [Bmim][Cl], we added [Bmim][Cl] into propylene carbonate(PC)/tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4), and used it as the electrocatalyst. Our experimental results show that [Bmim][Cl] has a high catalytic effect for CO2 reduction. The catalytic mechanism of [Bmim][Cl] has been discussed based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is explained as follows: CO2 was first reduced to the high‐energy CO2.− radical through a one‐electron transfer. The generated CO2.− radical further reacts with [Bmim]+, resulting in the formation of a complex [CO2−Bmim]. Thus, the activation energy of CO2 reduction has been reduced.
Group IV Monochalcogenides MX (M=Ge, Sn; X=S, Se) as Chemical Anchors of Polysulfides for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lv Xingshuai , Wei Wei , Yang Hongchao , Li Jinjin , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries are considered as advanced energy systems, their practical implementation is impeded by many factors, in particular the rapid capacity fade and low Coulomb efficiency caused by the shuttle effect. To overcome this problem for achieving longer cycle life and higher rate performance, anchoring materials for lithium polysulfides are highly desirable. In this work, for the first time, we report phosphorene‐like MX (M=Ge, Sn; X=S, Se) monolayers as promising anchoring materials to restrain the lithium polysulfides shuttling. Our study provides fundamental selection criteria for the effective suppression of the polysulfides shuttling. Adsorption calculations reveal that polysulfide capture by the MX is through chemisorption with a suitable range of adsorption energies. Morever, we show that excellent surface diffusion of Li and polysulfides endow a fast charge/discharge rate for lithium–sulfur batteries. Graphene with desirable electronic properties is constructed to improve the electrical conductivity in the new graphene@MX heterostructures. Based on the strong anchoring ability, improved rate capability, and enhanced conductivity, MX‐based composites hold great promise as an anchoring material for high‐energy lithium–sulfur batteries.
Ultrathin Amorphous Iron–Nickel Boride Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Production
Authors: Nsanzimana Jean Marie Vianney , Reddu Vikas , Peng Yeucheng , Huang Zhenfeng , Wang Cheng , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction during the electrolysis of water is highly desired. In an effort to develop an economical material for replacing precious‐metal‐based catalysts, a novel and self‐standing amorphous ultrathin nanosheet (NS) of bimetallic iron–nickel boride (Fe‐Ni‐B NSs) on Ni foam is presented, which displays a better oxygen‐evolving activity compared to the precious‐metal catalyst RuO2. In 1.0 m KOH electrolyte solution, it requires an overpotential of only 237 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 38 mV dec−1 and shows prominent long‐term electrochemical stability. A synergistic effect between highly abundant catalytically active sites on the 3D porous substrate improved the electron transport arising from the presence of highly negative boron, and the high conductivity of the substrate results in an outstanding electrocatalytic activity. The advanced catalytic activity, facile electrode fabrication, and low costs make it a potential oxygen‐evolving material, which may be extended to other energy‐conversion and storage technologies.
“Abnormal” Addition of NHC to a Conjugate Acid of CAAC: Formation of N‐Alkyl‐Substituted CAAC
Authors: Mandal Debdeep , Dolai Ramapada , Kalita Pankaj , Narayanan Ramakirushnan Suriya , Kumar Ravi , Sobottka Sebastian , Sarkar Biprajit , Rajaraman Gopalan , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Jana Anukul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe addition reactions of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are mostly known to occur through the carbenic centre (C2), which leads to a “normal” adduct. Herein, we report the “abnormal” addition of NHCDip 1 (1,3‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)‐imidazole‐2‐ylidene) to a conjugate acid of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 2 (CAACiPr=1‐iPr‐3,3,5,5‐Me4‐pyrrolinium triflate). Mechanistic study revealed that this reaction proceeded through the in situ formation of 1,3‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)‐imidazolium cation 4 and N‐iPr‐substituted CAAC 5 followed by the oxidative addition of compound 5 across the C4−H bond (alias backbone C−H) of compound 4. The in situ formation of compound 5 was also proven by the oxidative addition of it to the N−H group of iPrNH2. DFT calculations also supported the mechanistic findings. A different methodology for the in situ generation of compound 5 by using TMPLi is also described.
Fusion status in patients with lymph node‐positive (N1) alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is a powerful predictor of prognosis: Experience of the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG)
Authors: Gallego Soledad , Zanetti Ilaria , Orbach Daniel , Ranchère Dominique , Shipley Janet , Zin Angelica , Bergeron Christophe , de Salvo Gian Luca , Chisholm Julia , Ferrari Andrea , Jenney Meriel , Mandeville Henry C. , Rogers Timothy , Merks Johannes H.M. , Mudry Peter , Glosli Heidi , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Ferman Sima , Bisogno Gianni ,   on behalf of the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG)
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDAlveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) with lymph node involvement (N1 classification) accounts for up to 10% of all cases of RMS. The prognosis is poor, and is comparable to that of distant metastatic disease. In the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) RMS2005 protocol, patients with a histologic diagnosis of aRMS/N1 received intensified chemotherapy with systematic locoregional treatment.METHODSPatients with aRMS/N1 were enrolled prospectively after primary surgery/biopsy and fusion status was assessed in tumor samples. All patients received 9 cycles of induction chemotherapy and 6 months of maintenance therapy. Local treatment included radiotherapy to the primary site and lymph nodes with or without secondary surgical resection.RESULTSA total of 103 patients were enrolled. The clinical characteristics of the patients were predominantly unfavorable: 90% had macroscopic residual disease after initial surgery/biopsy, 63% had locally invasive tumors, 77% had a tumor measuring >5 cm, and 81% had disease at unfavorable sites. Fusion genes involving forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) were detected in 56 of 84 patients. Events occurred in 52 patients: 43 developed disease recurrence, 7 had disease that was refractory to treatment, and 2 patients developed second neoplasms. On univariate analysis, unfavorable disease site, tumor invasiveness, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study group III, and fusion‐positive status correlated with worse prognosis. The 5‐year event‐free survival rate of patients with fusion‐positive tumors was 43% compared with 74% in patients with fusion‐negative tumors (P = .01). On multivariate analysis, fusion positivity and tumor invasiveness proved to be unfavorable prognostic markers.CONCLUSIONSFusion status and tumor invasiveness appear to have a strong impact on prognosis in patients with aRMS/N1. Fusion status will be used to stratify these patients in the next EpSSG RMS study, and treatment will be intensified in patients with fusion‐positive tumors. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.