bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the incidence of predictors of cardio-metabolic disease and dysglycaemia with lifestyle modification in at-risk persons – results of further analyses of DIABRISK-SL in those below 18 years of age
Authors: Fountoulakis Nikolaos , Wijesuriya Mahen , Gnudi Luigi , Gulliford Martin , Karalliedde Janaka 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
We have previously demonstrated in the DIABRISK-SL trial that a trimonthly pragmatic lifestyle modification (P-LSM), as compared to a 12-monthly LSM advice (C-LSM), significantly reduced the primary composite endpoint of predictors of cardio-metabolic disease (new onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glycaemia and markers of cardio-renal disease) in urban participants aged below 40 years with risk factors for T2DM.

Main text
We now report results of post hoc analyses for those aged below 18 (n = 1725) in three age groups, specifically of 6–10 years (P-LSM n = 77, C-LSM n = 59), 10–14 years (P-LSM n = 534, C-LSM n = 556) and 14–18 years (P-LSM n = 239, C-LSM n = 260). There was no effect of P-LSM on the primary endpoint in participants aged below 10 years. Participants aged 10–14 years in the P-LSM intervention as compared to C-LSM had a lower incidence of the primary combined endpoint (87 vs. 106 cases; incident rate ratio (IRR) = 0.85, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.72–1.01; P = 0.07), driven mainly by the lower incidence of new onset hypertension (24 vs. 37 cases; IRR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.91; P = 0.012). Participants aged 14–18 years in the P-LSM intervention had a lower incidence of the composite endpoint (36 vs. 54 cases; IRR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.94; P = 0.015) as well as a lower incidence of IGT (12 vs. 21 cases; IRR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.39–0.92; P = 0.02), new onset hypertension (6 vs. 15 cases; IRR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.76; P = 0.004), and new onset dysglycaemia (composite of new T2DM, IGT and impaired fasting glycaemia) (30 vs. 46 cases; IRR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.56–0.97; P = 0.03) compared to those assigned to the C-LSM intervention. Limitations of the analyses are the post hoc approach and the small number of events in each group. There were no differences in retention between the two groups.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that, in young South Asians aged between 10 and 18 years at risk of T2DM, a pragmatic lifestyle modification programme may reduce the incidence of predictors of T2DM and hypertension. There is a need for further studies in younger populations to evaluate the impact and feasibility of interventions to reduce the burden of T2DM and associated cardio-metabolic risk.
Please see related article: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0905-6
Refractive outcomes among glaucoma patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract extraction with and without Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy
Authors: Sieck Erin G. , Capitena Young Cara E. , Epstein Rebecca S. , SooHoo Jeffrey R. , Pantcheva Mina B. , Patnaik Jennifer L. , Lynch Anne M. , Kahook Malik Y. , Seibold Leonard K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlaucoma patients undergoing phacoemulsification alone have a higher rate of refractive surprise compared to patients without glaucoma. This risk is further increased with combined filtering procedures. Indeed, there are few and conflicting reports on the effect of combined phacoemulsification and micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). Here, we look at refractive outcomes of glaucoma patients undergoing phacoemulsification with and without Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 385 glaucomatous eyes of 281 patients, which underwent either phacoemulsification alone (n = 309) or phacoemulsification with KDB goniotomy (n = 76, phaco-KDB) at the University of Colorado. The main outcome was refractive surprise defined as the difference in target and postoperative refraction spherical equivalent greater than ±0.5 Diopter (D).ResultsRefractive surprise greater than ±0.5 D occurred in 26.3% of eyes in the phaco-KDB group and 36.2% in the phacoemulsification group (p = 0.11). Refractive surprise greater than ±1.0 D occurred in 6.6% for the phaco-KDB group and 9.7% for the phacoemulsification group (p = 0.08). There was no significant difference in risk of refractive surprise when pre-operative IOP, axial length, keratometry or performance of KDB goniotomy were assessed in univariate analyses.ConclusionThere was no difference between refractive outcomes of glaucomatous patients undergoing phacoemulsification with or without KDB goniotomy.
Psychological screening of adults and young people following the Manchester Arena incident
Authors: French Paul , Barrett Alan , Allsopp Kate , Williams Richard , Brewin Chris R. , Hind Daniel , Sutton Rebecca , Stancombe John , Chitsabesan Prathiba 
Published: September 2019

Background
Terrorist attacks have increased globally since the late 1990s with clear evidence of psychological distress across both adults and children and young people (CYP). After the Manchester Arena terrorist attack, the Resilience Hub was established to identify people in need of psychological and psychosocial support.

Aims
To examine the severity of symptoms and impact of the programme.

Method
The hub offers outreach, screening, clinical telephone triage and facilitation to access evidenced treatments. People were screened for trauma, depression, generalised anxiety and functioning who registered at 3, 6 and 9 months post-incident. Baseline scores were compared between screening groups (first screen at 3, 6 or 9 months) in each cohort (adult, CYP), and within groups to compare scores at 9 months.

Results
There were significant differences in adults' baseline scores across screening groups on trauma, depression, anxiety and functioning. There were significant differences in the baseline scores of CYP across screening groups on trauma, depression, generalised anxiety and separation anxiety. Paired samples t-tests demonstrated significant differences between baseline and follow-up scores on all measures for adults in the 3-month screening group, and only depression and functioning measures for adults in the 6-month screening group. Data about CYP in the 3-month screening group, demonstrated significant differences between baseline and follow-up scores on trauma, generalised anxiety and separation anxiety.

Conclusions
These findings suggest people who register earlier are less symptomatic and demonstrate greater improvement across a range of psychological measures. Further longitudinal research is necessary to understand changes over time.

Declaration of interest
None.
Hyers–Ulam stability of a coupled system of fractional differential equations of Hilfer–Hadamard type
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Zada Akbar , Alzabut Jehad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, existence and uniqueness of solution for a coupled impulsive Hilfer–Hadamard type fractional differential system are obtained by using Kransnoselskii’s fixed point theorem. Different types of Hyers–Ulam stability are also discussed.We provide an example demonstrating consistency to the theoretical findings.
Kultur als Frage der Moderne
Authors: Quadflieg Dirk 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It seems that the concept of culture is becoming ever more ambivalent. On the one hand, since the 20th century nearly every topic or object can be perceived as a product of culture or as an expression of a specific cultural subdomain. On the other hand, we are witnessing a return of identitarian movements which use culture as a normative concept to designate the substantial unity of a “we” and separate this unity from other cultures and people. Against this back-drop, the article traces back the concept of culture to the specific situation of modernity, which could be characterized by the loss of substance and the challenge of contingency in all fields of the lifeworld. The essay argues that, emerging in this modern situation, culture is not defined by a specific content or a set of objects, but is used rather as a way of putting one’s own position into question. Seeing things through the lens of culture implies that the actual given comes into view as something that has developed socially and historically. From such a perspective, culture is neither an arbitrary concept nor a substantial unity but allows for a critical reflection on the present.
Kollektives Verstehen
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Many epistemic attitudes including belief and knowledge have already been examined to determine the extent to which they can be attributed to collectives. The epistemological literature on explanatory understanding and objectual understanding, on the other hand, has focused almost exclusively on individual subjects. However, there are many situations that can be described by sentences of the form “We understand P”, “We understand why p”, “Group G understands P”, or “G understands why p”. As I shall show, these situations can be classified into five categories: distributive, common, joint, deferential, and cooperative understanding. Based on a definitional scheme, according to which the general concept of understanding has a cognitive component, a factivity component, and an epistemic-pro-attitude component, this paper aims to analyse these five types.
Soziale Teilhabe als Tatsache, Wert und Aufgabe
Authors: Behrendt Hauke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to present the current debates in contemporary inclusion research in a structured manner and to highlight some systematic weaknesses. Although one cannot speak of a uniform research program in the strict sense, theoreticians of systems theory and inequality research in particular have taken up this young research subject. While within systems-theory approaches, inclusion is framed from the perspective of a functionalist social theory, inequality research has a rather socio-critical impetus which treats exclusion as a social problem. My thesis is that both approaches suffer from a lack of complexity regarding their concept of inclusion. While systems-theory approaches fail to include the ethical and political dimension of inclusion, inequality research is inadequate with regard to the descriptive dimension.
Germany’s Growth Prospects against the Backdrop of Demographic Change
Authors: Breuer Sebastian , Elstner Steffen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper shows how the German Council of Economic Experts (GCEE) determines Germany’s potential output, and compares the results with those of the European Commission. The approach of the European Commission is a natural benchmark, as it provides the basis for the deficit and debt rules of the European Union. In comparison with the European Commission’s method, the GCEE’s method places greater emphasis on demographic factors in estimating labour input. Additionally, both approaches differ regarding how they estimate the structural unemployment rate and total factor productivity. Finally, this paper discusses the limitations of, and the different options for estimating potential output.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-3-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzoato-κ2
N:O)manganese(II)], C22H22MnN4O6
Authors: Zhang Tian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
C22H22MnN4O6, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 11.9331(7) Å, b = 5.5962(3) Å, c = 16.0671(9) Å, β = 107.391(6)°, Z = 2, V = 1023.92(11) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.046, wR
ref (F2) = 0.055, T = 287 K.
Crystal structure of N′,2-bis((E)-2-chloro-6-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothiohydrazide, C15H12Cl2N4O2S
Authors: Liu Weiping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
C15H12Cl2N4O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.236(7) Å, b = 20.199(10) Å, c = 6.992(4) Å, β = 105.987(9)°, V = 1661.2(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0707, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1917, T = 293(2) K.
Public Art in the Private City: Control, Complicity and Criticality in Hong Kong
Authors: van Meeteren Lara , Wissink Bart 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Responding to Open Philosophy’s call ‘Does public art have to be bad art?’, in this paper we argue that this discussion should pay attention to the consequences of structural transformations that guide the production and presentation of public art in today’s increasingly private city. While entrepreneurial governance and corporate branding strategies generate new opportunities, they might also result in increased risk averseness and control over the content of public art, thus putting its critical potential at risk. That observation ushers in urgent questions about control, complicity and criticality. We aim to reflect on those questions through two public art projects in Hong Kong: Antony Gormley’s Event Horizon (2015) and Our 60-second friendship begins now (2016) by Sampson Wong Yu-hin and Jason Lam Chi-fai. After drawing conclusions on the justification of public funding for co-productions, the legitimacy for artists to sometimes not ‘follow the rules’, and the problematic nature of a narrow definition of professionalism as a means to discredit artists, our analysis underlines the urgent need to develop a framework that can guide discussions on the consequences of control and complicity for the critical potential of public art.
Epistemological Reform and Embracement of Human Rights. What Can be Inferred from Islamic Rationalistic Maturidite Theology?
Authors: Zhussipbek Galym , Nagayeva Zhanar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The authors argue that there is an epistemological crisis of conservative Islamic scholarship and Muslim mind, rooted in the centuries-old confinement of a role for reason within strict limits, and in the disappearance of rationalistic discursive theology (kalam) as a dynamic science. Moreover, epistemological crisis is exemplified by seriously insufficient level of protection of human rights under Sharia when judged by contemporary principles of human rights. This crisis demands a necessity of undertaking epistemological reform, which denotes the incorporation of international standards of human rights and justice into the epistemology and methodology of producing Islamic norms (usul al-fiqh). It is argued that the key epistemological premises of rationalistic Islam, such as acceptance that human reason can find goodness and badness independently from revelation and non-acceptance of ethical voluntarism, may offer a good ground to make epistemological reform, which would induce the Muslims to critically approach and reinterpret the pre-modern religious interpretations and to construct an Islamic legal and ethical system that is appropriate for the context of the 21th century. In the end, reason, being the human capacity for shaping reality in a humane way, is indispensable to read religious sources from a historical-metaphorical point of view.
Isoform Specificity of PKMs during Long-Term Facilitation inAplysiaIs Mediated through Stabilization by KIBRA
Authors: Ferguson Larissa , Hu Jiangyuan , Cai Diancai , Chen Shanping , Dunn Tyler W. , Pearce Kaycey , Glanzman David L. , Schacher Samuel , Sossin Wayne S. 
Published: September 2019

Persistent activity of protein kinase M (PKM), the truncated form of protein kinase C (PKC), can maintain long-term changes in synaptic strength in many systems, including the hermaphrodite marine mollusk,Aplysia californica. Moreover, different types of long-term facilitation (LTF) in culturedAplysiasensorimotor synapses rely on the activities of different PKM isoforms in the presynaptic sensory neuron and postsynaptic motor neuron. When the atypical PKM isoform is required, the kidney and brain expressed adaptor protein (KIBRA) is also required. Here, we explore how this isoform specificity is established. We find that PKM overexpression in the motor neuron, but not the sensory neuron, is sufficient to increase synaptic strength and that this activity is not isoform-specific. KIBRA is not the rate-limiting step in facilitation since overexpression of KIBRA is neither sufficient to increase synaptic strength, nor to prolong a form of PKM-dependent intermediate synaptic facilitation. However, the isoform specificity of dominant-negative-PKMs to erase LTF is correlated with isoform-specific competition for stabilization by KIBRA. We identify a new conserved region of KIBRA. Different splice isoforms in this region stabilize different PKMs based on the isoform-specific sequence of an α-helix “handle” in the PKMs. Thus, specific stabilization of distinct PKMs by different isoforms of KIBRA can explain the isoform specificity of PKMs during LTF inAplysia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-lasting changes in synaptic plasticity associated with memory formation are maintained by persistent protein kinases. We have previously shown in theAplysiasensorimotor model that distinct isoforms of persistently active protein kinase Cs (PKMs) maintain distinct forms of long-lasting synaptic changes, even when both forms are expressed in the same motor neuron. Here, we show that, while the effects of overexpression of PKMs are not isoform-specific, isoform specificity is defined by a “handle” helix in PKMs that confers stabilization by distinct splice forms in a previously undefined domain of the adaptor protein KIBRA. Thus, we define new regions in both KIBRA and PKMs that define the isoform specificity for maintaining synaptic strength in distinct facilitation paradigms.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF USING PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE USA
Authors: BEI Iryna 
Published: September 2019

The article deals with analysis of historical origins, formation and development of the project method in the USA pedagogy. There have been defined main directions of implementing project learning ideas in American educational institutions in various historical periods. It also presents basic states of pragmatic pedagogy which were introduced by such representatives of American scientific school as: John Dewey, William H. Kilpatrick and Ellsworth Collings.
Psilocybin for depression: Considerations for clinical trial design
Authors: O’Donnell Kelley C. , Mennenga Sarah E. , Bogenschutz Michael P. 
Published: September 2019

Background and aims
Given the enormous global burden of depressive illness, there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent findings have suggested that psychedelic drugs may have a role in the treatment of depressive symptoms, and a number of groups are in the process of developing protocols to study this question systematically. Given the subjective quality of both the psychedelic experience and depressive symptomatology, great care must be taken when designing a protocol to study the clinical efficacy of psychedelic drugs. This study will discuss many factors to consider when designing a clinical trial of psilocybin for MDD.

Methods
We provide a thorough review of pertinent research into antidepressant clinical trial methodology and review practical considerations that are relevant to the study of psychedelic-assisted treatment for depression.

Results
We discuss participant selection (including diagnostic accuracy, exclusion criteria, characteristics of the depressive episode, and the use of concurrent medications), study interventions (including dosing regimens, placebo selection, non-pharmacological components of treatment, and the importance of blinding), trial duration, outcome measures, and safety considerations.

Conclusions
Careful and transparent study design and data analysis will maximize the likelihood of generating meaningful, reproducible results, and identifying a treatment-specific effect. Meeting the highest standards for contemporary trial design may also broaden the acceptance of psychedelic research in the scientific community at large.
Novel Methyl 4,6-O-Benzylidene--D-Glucopyranoside Derivatives: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities
Authors: ISLAM Mirajul , ARİFUZZAMAN Arifuzzaman , RAHMAN Monjur , RAHMAN Mohammad Atiar , KAWSAR Sarkar Mohammad Abe Kawsar 
Published: September 2019

Carbohydrates are the most abundant and the most diverse biopolymers in nature. Due to the importance of carbohydrates it is necessary to develop a new method for the synthesis of carbohydrate based drugs of the current global situation for health and disease. In this present work we demonstrate the synthesis of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene--Dglucopyranoside derivatives by direct acylation method. The structures of the newly prepared compounds have been characterized and elucidated using various physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods including elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared and proton NMR spectroscopy. A number of acyl derivatives were prepared in order to obtain a series of newer components for antibacterial screening experiments. These acylated derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial screening studies against four human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method.
Endostructural assessment of a hominin maxillary molar (StW 669) from Milner Hall, Sterkfontein, South Africa
Authors: Mataboge Bontle , Beaudet Amélie , Heaton Jason L. , Pickering Travis R. , Stratford Dominic 
Published: September 2019

The site of the Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa, is one of the richest early hominin fossil-bearing sites in Africa. Recent excavations in the Milner Hall locality have contributed to the discovery of new hominin specimens, including StW 669, a right permanent maxillary first molar (M1). StW 669 was excavated from the T1 deposits, which consist of a mixture of sediments from Members 2 and 5 of the Sterkfontein Formation. Accordingly, the deposits have the potential to contain remains of Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo. In this study, we employed micro-focus X-ray tomography in order to assess dental tissue proportions, enamel thickness distribution and enamel-dentine junction morphology as approaches to investigate the taxonomy of StW 669. We compare our results to those generated on the teeth of Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus, Homo erectus, Homo antecessor, Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Our results suggest that StW 669 shares quantitative and qualitative affinities with M1s of Homo in terms of tissue proportions (i.e. two- and three-dimensional average and relative enamel thickness of 1.2–1.3 mm and 18.4, respectively) and enamel thickness distribution (i.e. thickest enamel on the lingual aspect of the protocone). However, data on the enamel-dentine junction morphology of StW 669 are inconclusive as to the tooth’s taxonomic affinities. Pending additional morphometric analyses, our studies of inner morphology of the crown of StW 669 support its attribution to Homo.
Significance:

The Sterkfontein Caves have contributed significantly to our understanding of early human evolution and continue to do so. This study highlights the specific value of the Milner Hall locality as a valuable store of hominin fossils. Moreover, we tentatively clarify the enigmatic taxonomic status of StW 669, a right permanent maxillary first molar, excavated from the T1 deposit of Milner Hall. Pending additional morphometric evidence, our preliminary data on tissue proportions, enamel thickness distribution and enamel-dentine junction morphology, suggest an attribution of StW 669 to early Homo. This result is significant given the historical contention concerning the presence of early Homo at Sterkfontein.