bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A shared cis-regulatory module activates transcription in the suspensor of plant embryos
Authors: Henry Kelli F. , Bui Anhthu Q. , Kawashima Tomokazu , Goldberg Robert B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean embryos, and a cis-regulatory module containing three unique DNA sequences, designated as the 10-bp, Region 2, and Fifth motifs, is required for G564 suspensor-specific transcription [Henry, K. F. et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 88(3):207-217 (2015); Kawashima, T. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 106(9):3627-3632 (2009)]. We tested the hypothesis that these motifs are also required for transcription of the SRB GA 20-oxidase gene, which encodes a gibberellic acid hormone biosynthesis enzyme and is co-expressed with G564 at a high level in giant bean suspensors. We used deletion and gain-of-function experiments in transgenic tobacco embryos to show that two GA 20-oxidase DNA regions are required for suspensor-specific transcription – one in the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) (+119 to +205) and another in the 5’ upstream region (−341 to −316). Mutagenesis of sequences in these two regions determined that the cis-regulatory motifs required for G564 suspensor transcription are also required for GA 20-oxidase transcription within the suspensor, although the motif arrangement differs. Our results demonstrate the flexibility of motif positioning within a cis-regulatory module that activates gene transcription within giant bean suspensors, and suggest that G564 and GA 20-oxidase comprise part of a suspensor gene regulatory network.SignificanceLittle is known about how genes are expressed in different plant embryo regions. We tested the hypothesis that shared cis-regulatory motifs control the transcription of genes specifically in the suspensor. We carried out functional studies with the Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) GA 20-oxidase gene that encodes a gibberellic acid (GA) hormone biosynthesis enzyme, and is expressed specifically within the suspensor. We show that cis-regulatory motifs required for GA 20-oxidase transcription within the suspensor are the same as those required for suspensor-specific transcription of the SRB G564 gene, although motif number, spacing and order differ. These cis-elements constitute a control module that is required to activate genes in the SRB suspensor and may form part of a suspensor regulatory network.
Toxoplasma activates host hypoxia inducible factor-1 by cytoplasmic trapping and lamp1-dependent lysosomal degradation of prolyl-hydroxylase 2
Authors: Florimond Celia , Liu Tongi , Menendez Matthew , Lippl Kerstin , Schofield Christopher J. , Blader Ira J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTHypoxia Inducible Factor-1 is a metazoan heterodimeric transcription factor that senses changes in O2levels. HIF-1α subunit abundance is post-translationally regulated by prolyl-hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs), which use molecular O2and α-ketoglutarate to hydroxylate two prolyl-residues in HIF-1α. Three PHDs have been identified and PHD2 is the most critical regulator of HIF-1α. HIF-1α can also be activated independently of hypoxia and in some cases this is due to changes in PHD2 abundance through poorly understood mechanisms. Previously, we reported that under O2-replete conditions that the intracellular parasiteToxoplasma gondiiactivates HIF-1 by reducing PHD2 protein abundance. Here, we demonstrate thatToxoplasmaregulates PHD2 through a multistep process. First, PHD2 is a nucleocytoplasmic protein andToxoplasmainduces PHD2 cytoplasmic accumulation to separate it from nuclear HIF-1α. PHD2 is then degraded by lysosomes independently of the major autophagic processes, macroautophagy or chaperone-mediated autophagy. Rather, PHD2 interacts with the major lysosomal membrane protein, LAMP1, which is required for HIF-1 activation. These data therefore highlight for the first time that cytoplasmic trapping and subsequent lysosomal degradation of a host nucleocytoplasmic protein is a mechanism used by a microbial pathogen to regulate host gene expression.
Higher order spherical harmonics reconstruction of fetal diffusion MRI with intensity correction
Authors: Deprez Maria , Price Anthony , Christiaens Daan , Estrin Georgia Lockwood , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Hutter Jana , Daducci Alessandro , Tournier J-Donald , Rutherford Mary , Counsell Serena J. , Cuadra Merixtell Bach , Hajnal Joseph V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present a comprehensive method for reconstruction of fetal diffusion MRI signal using a higher order spherical harmonics representation, that includes motion, distortion and intensity correction. By applying constrained spherical deconvolution and whole brain tractography to reconstructed fetal diffusion MRI we are able to identify main WM tracts and anatomically plausible fiber crossings. The proposed methodology facilitates detailed investigation of developing brain connectivity and microstructure in-utero.
WhiB6 is required for the secretion-dependent regulation of ESX-1 substrates in pathogenic mycobacteria
Authors: Abdallah Abdallah M. , Weerdenburg E.M. , Guan Qingtian , Ummels R. , Borggreve S. , Adroub S.A. , Malas Tareq B. , Naeem Raeece , Zhang Huoming , Otto T.D. , Bitter W. , Pain A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mycobacterial type VII secretion system ESX-1 is responsible for the secretion of a number of proteins that play important roles during host infection. The regulation of the expression of secreted proteins is often essential to establish successful infection. Using transcriptome sequencing, we found that the abrogation of ESX-1 function in Mycobacterium marinum leads to a pronounced increase in gene expression levels of the espA operon during the infection of macrophages, suggesting an important role in ESX-1-mediated virulence during the early phase of infection. In addition, the disruption of ESX-1-mediated protein secretion also leads to a specific down-regulation of the ESX-1 substrates, but not of the structural components of this system, during growth in culture medium. This effect is observed in both M. marinum and M. tuberculosis. We established that down-regulation of ESX-1 substrates is the result of a regulatory process that is influenced by the putative transcriptional regulator whib6, which is located adjacent to the esx-1 locus. In addition, the overexpression of the ESX-1-associated PE35/PPE68 protein pair resulted in a significantly increased secretion of the ESX-1 substrate EsxA, demonstrating a functional link between these proteins. Taken together, these data show that WhiB6 is required for the secretion-dependent regulation of ESX-1 substrates and that ESX-1 substrates are regulated independently from the structural components, both during infection and as a result of active secretion.
Uncoupling DNA- and RNA-directed DNA methylation at Rasgrf1
Authors: Chu Erin T. , Taylor David H. , Hofstedt Margaret , Soloway Paul D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have garnered much attention as possible links between DNA sequence and the protein factors that mediate DNA methylation. However, the mechanisms by which DNA methylation is directed to specific genomic locations remain poorly understood. We previously identified a lncRNA in mouse, the pitRNA, that was implicated in the control of DNA methylation at the imprinted Rasgrf1 locus. The pitRNA is transcribed in the developing male germline antisense to the differentially methylated region (DMR) that harbors paternal allele methylation, and is driven by a series of tandem repeats that are necessary for imprinted methylation.MitoPLD, a factor necessary for piRNA biogenesis, both processes piRNAs from the pitRNA, and is necessary for complete methylation at the locus, along with piRNA binding proteins. Using two independent mouse systems where pitRNA transcription is driven by the doxycycline-inducible Tet Operator, we demonstrate that pitRNA transcription across the DMR is insufficient for imprinted methylation, and that the Rasgrf1 repeats have additional, critical cis-acting roles for imparting DNA methylation to Rasgrf1, independently of their control of pitRNA transcription. Furthermore, pitRNA overexpression and oocyte loading of pitRNA is insufficient to induce transallelic and transgenerational effects previously reported for Rasgrf1. Notably, manipulation of the pitRNA with the TetOFF system led to transcriptional perturbations over a broad chromosomal region surrounding the inserted Tet Operator, revealing that the effects of this regulatory tool are not localized to a single target gene.AUTHOR SUMMARYDNA methylation is a heritable genetic modification known to impact vital biological processes. While the proteins that establish, maintain, and remove DNA methylation are well characterized, the mechanisms by which these proteins are directed to specific genetic sequences are poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that DNA methylation at the imprinted Rasgrf1 locus requires a DNA element with a series of tandem repeats. These repeats act as a promoter for a long noncoding RNA, the pitRNA, which is targeted by a small noncoding RNA pathway known to silence viral elements in the male germline via DNA methylation. We queried the sufficiency of the pitRNA to mediate DNA methylation at Rasgrf1. We show that, in the absence of the repeats, the pitRNA expression is insufficient to establish imprinted methylation. This work supports a pitRNA-independent mechanism for methylation at Rasgrf1, and a critical cis-acting role for the tandem repeats separate from their control of pitRNA transcription.
Predictive remapping of visual features beyond saccadic targets
Authors: He Tao , Fritsche Matthias , Lange Floris P. de 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVisual stability is thought to be mediated by predictive remapping of the relevant object information from its current, pre-saccadic locations to its future, post-saccadic location on the retina. However, it is heavily debated whether and what feature information is predictively remapped during the pre-saccadic interval. Using an orientation adaptation paradigm, we investigated whether predictive remapping occurs for stimulus features and whether adaptation itself is remapped. We found strong evidence for predictive remapping of a stimulus presented shortly before saccade onset, but no remapping of adaptation. Furthermore, we establish that predictive remapping also occurs for stimuli that are not saccade targets, pointing toward a ‘forward remapping’ process operating across the whole visual field. Together, our findings suggest that predictive feature remapping of object information plays an important role in mediating visual stability.
Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein blocks microRNA-­124 biogenesis to enforce its neuronal specific expression
Authors: Yeom Kyu-Hyeon , Mitchell Simon , Linares Anthony J. , Zheng Sika , Lin Chia-Ho , Wang Xiao-Jun , Hoffmann Alexander , Black Douglas L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMicroRNA-124 is expressed in neurons, where it represses genes inhibitory for neuronal differentiation, including the RNA binding protein PTBP1. PTBP1 maintains non-neuronal splicing patterns of mRNAs that switch to neuronal isoforms upon neuronal differentiation. We find that pri-miR-124-1 is expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) where mature miR-124 is absent. PTBP1 binds to this precursor RNA upstream of the miRNA stem-loop to inhibit mature miR-124 expression in vivo, and DROSHA cleavage of pri-miR-124-1 in vitro. This new function for PTBP1 in repressing miR-124 biogenesis adds an additional regulatory loop to the already intricate interplay between these two molecules. Applying mathematical modeling to examine the dynamics of this regulation, we find that the pool of pri-miR-124 whose maturation is blocked by PTBP1 creates a robust and self-reinforcing transition in gene expression as PTBP1 is depleted during early neuronal differentiation. While interlocking regulatory loops are often modeled between miRNAs and transcriptional regulators, our results indicate that miRNA targeting of posttranscriptional regulators also reinforces developmental decisions. Notably, induction of neuronal differentiation observed upon PTBP1 knockdown likely results from direct de-repression of miR-124, in addition to indirect effects previously described.
Artisan entrepreneurship: a question of personality structure?
Authors: Hoyte Cherisse 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of culture in artisan entrepreneurship. It is argued that culture plays a critical role in entrepreneurial behaviour as culture is a key determinant of what it means to be a person. The concept of culture is explored from a micro level of analysis therefore, conceptualising culture from the perspective of the individual entrepreneur’s personality. The main research question being investigated within this paper is: whether artisan entrepreneurs share common personality traits with other entrepreneur groups, using the five factor model (FFM) of personality as the basis of the conceptual model presented herein.Design/methodology/approachA literature review on the emerging field of artisan entrepreneurship, followed by a review of the literature on personality theory and entrepreneurship. Then, drawing upon the FFM of personality, a conceptual framework is introduced which proposes a relationship between the Big Five personality traits and four dimensions of artisan entrepreneurship such as cultural heritage, community entrepreneurship, craftsmanship and innovation, developed from concepts derived from extant literature.FindingsThe theoretical contribution is in the form of propositions. Four propositions have been formulated around the entrepreneurial personality of artisan business owners for each of the four dimensions: cultural heritage, community entrepreneurship, craftsmanship and innovation.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to propose a relationship between the Big Five personality dimensions and the likelihood of starting and/or running a business among an entrepreneur group rather than explaining personality differences among entrepreneur and non-entrepreneur groups. The focus of the paper is specifically on artisan entrepreneurs and it has been proposed that the personality trait of agreeableness is important in the decision to start a cultural-based business. It has also been proposed that artisan entrepreneurs possess personal characteristics of openness to newness and openness to innovation that are integral to regional development.
A device to monitor fatigue level in order-picking
Authors: Calzavara Martina , Persona Alessandro , Sgarbossa Fabio , Visentin Valentina 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
In order-picking activities, the performance of the system can be influenced by different variables such as the order to be fulfilled, the distance to be covered or the experience of operators. Usually, this kind of activity is performed by operators rather than machines to assure flexibility. Consequently, their fatigue accumulation can decrease the performance of the overall system. The purpose of this paper is to define the kind of device to be used in an order-picking context, to obtain data which can be utilized for the evaluation of the level of fatigue and to improve the performance of the picking system.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a comparison between existing fatigue methods which can be applied in a picking context. In addition, an analysis of the physiological literature for the evaluation of a new device for the monitoring of fatigue level is carried on and its practical use is shown.

Findings
The proposed research identifies in the heart rate monitor the device that, thanks to its advantages, can be the best one to be used in an industrial context for monitoring the physical fatigue of operators.

Originality/value
This study considers the importance of human factors in picking activities such as physical fatigue of operators and the need to have validated tools to monitor and to define the level of fatigue accumulation in each activity of different rate and duration.
A study of social media users’ perceptional typologies and relationships to self-identity and personality
Authors: Kim Jin-Young 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe different viewpoints on the use of social networking sites (SNSs). It analyzes perceptional typologies of SNS users and the characteristics of each type, which has similarities and differences. It also examined possible relationships among different perceptional types, users’ self-identities, and their personality.

Design/methodology/approach
This study utilized Q-methodology in order to identify diverse explanations of SNS users’ perspectives. Q-methodology requires participants (referred to as P sample) to sort a series of items (Q-statements). After completing a questionnaire including demographics, self-identity, etc., each respondent performed the Q-sorting work. This task involves sorting well-composed statements about SNSs (Q-sample). In all, 46 SNS users from a university in Korea were chosen as participants. Once the P sample had finished Q-sorting, participants had in-depth interviews. When all interviews were finalized, analysis of the Q-sorts was done with the help of QUNAL program.

Findings
Consequently, four types of SNS users were identified and given the following descriptive labels: Impression Management Type, Lurker Type, SNS Enjoyer and Relationship Focus Type, and Social Value Orientation Type. Further, there was a significant difference in “Relational Identity” among user types. Regarding personality, the extraversion of Type III appeared to be the highest, and the extraversion of Type II appeared to be the lowest.

Originality/value
Combining aspects of both qualitative and quantitative research to study the subjectivity, the findings of this study provide insight for further research regarding an audience study or an examination of the media behaviors of SNSs. It also suggests theoretical and practical implications.
Mobile internet and consumer happiness: the role of risk
Authors: Zhan Ge , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of mobile internet (MI) use and risk factors on MI happiness.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey with 521 MI users was conducted to test the direct and moderating effects of risk factors on MI happiness.FindingsThe results provide evidence that there is a non-linear relationship between variety of use and MI happiness, and consumers become happier with increased frequency of use. The results also indicate that the privacy risk and task risk reduce MI happiness, and both types of risks moderate the inverted U-shaped relationship between variety of use and MI happiness.Research limitations/implicationsThis study reconciles two opposing theories, stimulation vs displacement, on the impact of internet use on consumer well-being. The findings suggest that the stimulation effect of MI use is associated with an intermediate level of usage variety, while social displacement is more likely connected with higher- or lower-variety of use. Risk plays an important role in exploring the boundary conditions of both theories. The findings also have important implications to the debate over the role of privacy in consumer adoption of internet services or applications.Originality/valueThis study reconciles two opposing theories, stimulation vs displacement, on consumer happiness by elaborating the role of risk associated with MI use.
Gender digital divide in India: a case of inter-regional analysis of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Bala Shashi , Singhal Puja 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This study aims to endeavor to explore the extent of gender digital divide(GDD) in Uttar Pradesh (U.P., IT-Hub of North India), a most populous state of India, with a particular focus on the first and second order of digital divide, including availability, access time and use of the internet.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have adopted stratified multistage sampling procedure for this research and conducted an empirical study on the data set of 600 respondents of six districts of U.P. to perform the inter-regional analysis. Furthermore, χ2 method has been used to reveal the factors responsible for the GDD among selected districts of UP.

Findings
Statistical results clearly indicate that out of 12 sub-districts, most of the districts suffered from first order as well as second order of GDD, and this gender disparity within an increasing digitization environment is due to the existence of exclusion from basic technological skills, social norms and financial constraints.

Practical implications
The results have implications for the U.P. Government in general and policymakers behind digitization projects in particular as well as the promoters of gender equality including researchers and fellows.

Originality/value
This study is the first to illustrate the orders of the digital gender gap in a developing economy such as India and to gain an insight into the factors behind it. This research will also consider a promising avenue for future work.
Online or in-store: unravelling consumer’s channel choice motives
Authors: Haridasan Anu C. , Fernando Angeline Gautami 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare online and in-store shoppers motivations based on product type.

Design/methodology/approach
Means-end approach was used to extract motivational factors that drive shoppers channel choice for hedonic and utilitarian products. A total of 100 respondents were interviewed using laddering technique. Hierarchical virtual maps were constructed to determine values associated with attributes and consequences identified by the consumer.

Findings
Shopping motivations differed for online and in-store shoppers based on product type. Variety, value for money and delivery were important attributes for online shoppers. In-store shoppers looked for social interaction and personalized attention. Convenience, affordability and gratification were unique online consequences, while nostalgia and loyalty benefits were specific to in-store hedonic purchases. Self-confidence, availability of wider choices and in-store shopping experience were the values sought for hedonic products. Control of shopping experience was the desired value for utilitarian purchases irrespective of channels.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to shopping motivation research by comparing motives of online and in-store shoppers for hedonic and utilitarian products.

Practical implications
Retailers need to enhance online trust and strengthen in-store customer service for hedonic products. They should also work on the online delivery capabilities and in-store personalized services for utilitarian purchases.

Originality/value
Prior research on deconstructing channel choice motivations based on product type is sparse. This paper uses hierarchy of means-end elements to illustrate attributes and consequences that drive consumer motives and values.