bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shipping Fools: Foucault’s Wandering Madman and Civic Responsibility in Late Medieval Germany
Authors: Koenig Anne M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Few aspects of Michel Foucault’s seminal study The History of Madness have been more widely derided and debunked than Foucault’s assertion that medieval mad persons sailed the rivers of Europe as a kind of real-world counterpart to the literary and artistic trope of the ship of fools. But while Foucault was not correct in many of his assumptions, he also was not entirely wrong to draw attention to the river. Based on archival research in Nuremberg, Munich, and Frankfurt, this article offers a critical insight into how some medieval cities managed their problematic mad. In particular, it uncovers the widespread and little-understood practice of expelling the mad from late medieval German towns. It argues that the practice of expulsion was multilayered, ranging from relatively benign trips to convey a mad person back home, to official banishments of criminal mad men and women. It finds that most of the expelled mad, however, were simply sent away, out of the city walls and away from municipal responsibility. These expulsions appear frequently in fifteenth-century records and reveal that one particular kind of route was preferred by cities in Southern Germany: the river. In fact, municipal leaders routinely used the Danube, the Isar, and the Main rivers as the best way to rid their towns of difficult or friendless mad persons. While such river journeys did not take place on “ships of fools,” the river was thus a critical and meaningful part of the geographic and cultural landscapes of madness.
Spatio-temporal expression of phytoglobin: a determining factor in the NO specification of cell fate
Authors: Stasolla Claudio , Huang Shuanglong , Hill Robert D , Igamberdiev Abir U 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlant growth and development rely on the orchestration of cell proliferation, differentiation, and ultimately death. After varying rounds of divisions, cells respond to positional cues by acquiring a specific fate and embarking upon distinct developmental pathways which might differ significantly from those of adjacent cells exposed to diverse cues. Differential cell behavior is most apparent in response to stress, when some cells might be more vulnerable than others to the same stress condition. This appears to be the case for stem cells which show abnormal features of differentiation and ultimately signs of deterioration at the onset of specific types of stress such as hypoxia and water deficit. A determining factor influencing cell behavior during growth and development, and cell response during conditions of stress is nitric oxide (NO), the level of which can be regulated by phytoglobins (Pgbs), known scavengers of NO. The modulation of NO by Pgbs can be cell, tissue, and/or organ specific, as revealed by the expression patterns of Pgbs dictated by the presence of distinct cis-regulatory elements in their promoters. This review discusses how the temporal and spatial Pgb expression pattern influences NO-mediated responses and ultimately cell fate acquisition in plant developmental processes.
Adaptation in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Jaipaul Navin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
It is well established that patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) are at increased risk for progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, by the time AKI is clinically recognized, a sequence of events with potential to repair the injury or propagate further damage to the renal parenchyma is already initiated. The outcome of the repair process depends on adaptive and maladaptive influences at the cellular level. Progression to CKD after AKI is the result of imbalance in favor of maladaptive repair, which culminates in the development of interstitial fibrosis. Various biochemical pathways are implicated in this process and may lend themselves to potential therapeutic targets for intervention in the transition from AKI to CKD. Emerging methods, including injury-specific biomarkers for the earlier detection of subclinical disease, show promise for use in combination with clinical factors and functional markers to stratify patient risk for CKD progression after AKI.
Cholesterol Crystal Embolism
Authors: Meyrier Alain 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) is a frequent complication of aortic atherosclerotic plaques triggered by vascular radiology, vascular surgery, and/or anticoagulation. Crystals lodge in small arteries and induce early thrombosis followed by delayed, definitive obstruction by endarteritis. Lower limb cutaneous involvement with livedo reticularis and blue/purple toes along with blood eosinophilia are common features of diagnostic interest. Massive CCE leads to early oligoanuria and often death from multivisceral compromise. In subacute forms, clinical manifestation of kidney injury may be delayed by several weeks following the triggering event. The chronic subset can be easily mistaken for nephrosclerosis. Cutaneous, retinal, and muscle involvement allow diagnosis without resort to kidney biopsy in about 80% of cases. Treatment of acute/subacute forms of renal insufficiency consists of stopping anticoagulation and forbidding any new triggering procedure along with supportive measures including dialysis, parenteral nutrition, corticosteroids, and statins. About 40% of survivors do not recover renal function and remain on dialysis.
Recurrence of Primary Glomerular Diseases Post Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Manllo-Dieck John , Alachkar Nada 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD), just behind diabetes and hypertension. Primary glomerular diseases may recur after transplant, or in some instances may present de novo. At times is difficult to differentiate between recurrence and de novo, due to misdiagnosis of the primary cause of ESRD and lack of tissue diagnosis prior to transplantation. All GNs can recur after transplantation, incidence and impact on allograft survival depends on the primary disease and immunosuppression being used. Close monitoring of patients with known GN is key, since early diagnosis and rapid intervention are crucial for allograft survival.
Low Revision Rates at 10 years for Metal on Metal Hip Implants in a Military Population
Authors: Slaven Sean E , Richards John T , Wade Sean M , Saxena Sameer K , Vanier Alan T , Cody John P 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Prior to being largely abandoned due to unacceptably high failure rates and the adverse physiologic reactions to metal ions, metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip resurfacing (HR) were in widespread use throughout the USA, and the potential benefit of decreased volumetric wear rates made it of particular interest to those who serve a young active population, such as military surgeons. The aim of our study was to determine the revision rate of metal on metal hip implants performed at our military institution and obtain current patient reported outcomes from this cohort.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent MoM total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hip resurfacing (HR) at our institution from 2006 to 2012. Revision status and component type were determined, and patients were contacted to obtain current HOOS JR scores.

Results
We identified 103 THAs in 88 patients and 38 HRs in 33 patients, with mean follow up of 10.2 years. Average age at time of surgery was 48 years, and 85% of the patients were male. The mean HOOS JR score in the THA and HR groups were 84.9 ± 17.6 and 75.8 ± 24.9, respectively (p = 0.38), and were not significantly lower in those who were revised. Two THA revisions occurred for metallosis and one for aseptic loosening of the femoral component. One HR revision occurred for breach of the anterior femoral neck, and one occurred for heterotopicossification.

Conclusions
Revision rates of MoM THA and HR in this young, predominantly male population were 2.9% and 5.3%, respectively, and patients maintained generally good hip-specific outcomes.
Acute Left M1 Stroke With Critical Left Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis: Video Case
Authors: Bonney Phillip A , Singh Parampreet , Mack William J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present the case of a 68-yr-old woman who presented with an acute left middle cerebral artery syndrome. Noninvasive angiography obtained 13 h after last known well time demonstrated both left M1-segment middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and near-complete occlusion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) just distal to the carotid bifurcation. Intervention was offered given the sizeable mismatch demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging. After administering loading doses of aspirin and clopidogrel, we initially performed carotid angioplasty and stenting to open the internal carotid artery, which was otherwise impassible. Subsequently, thrombectomy of the M1 occlusion was performed with direct aspiration. Postprocedural imaging demonstrated preservation of the at-risk brain parenchyma. The patient demonstrated significant improvement in strength and speech after the procedure, and she was discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation center for further treatment. The patient and her family gave consent for this report.
Municipal Councillors in Parliament, a Handicap for Legislative Activism? Parliamentary Productivity of Dual Mandate-Holders in the Belgian Federal Assembly between 1995 and 2014
Authors: Van de Voorde Nicolas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTraditionally, scholars have always assumed that exercising a local political mandate as a national legislator intrinsically interferes with the intra parliamentary output. Despite the intuitive presumption that dual mandate-holders lack sufficient time to fulfil both mandates adequately, empirical support remains scarce and contradictory. Existing research has almost exclusively focused on problematic small samples in the French national assembly, failed to disentangle the generic phenomenon based on the nature of the local function and the context it is being exercised in, and neglected to embed their work in the legislative literature. This contribution aims to cover these shortcomings and assesses whether representatives with a dual mandate are less productive in the Belgian federal parliament during five legislatures between 1995 and 2014. The evidence shows that only mayors from large municipalities are less preoccupied with formal parliamentary endeavours, which refines the traditional pessimistic premise that cumul des mandats unambiguously cripples parliamentary activism and instead opens up the possibility for a more optimistic perspective.
An energetic high-velocity compact cloud: CO−0.31+0.11
Authors: Takekawa Shunya , Oka Tomoharu , Tokuyama Sekito , Tanabe Kyosuke , Iwata Yuhei , Tsujimoto Shiho , Nomura Mariko , Shibuya Yukihiro 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
We have discovered an energetic high-velocity compact cloud CO$\, -0.31+$0.11 in the central molecular zone of our Galaxy. CO$\, -0.31+$0.11 is located at a projected distance of ∼45 pc from the Galactic nucleus Sgr A*. It is characterized by its compact spatial appearance (d ≃ 4 pc), extremely broad velocity width (ΔV &gt; 100 km s−1), and high CO J = 3–2/J = 1–0 intensity ratio. The total gas mass and kinetic energy are estimated as approximately $10^{4}\, M_{\odot }$ and 1051 erg, respectively. Two expanding bubble-like structures are found in our HCN J = 1–0 map obtained with the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope. In the longitude–velocity maps, CO$\, -0.31+$0.11 exhibits an asymmetric V shape. This kinematical structure can be well fitted by Keplerian motion on an eccentric orbit around a point mass of $2\times 10^{5}\, M_\odot$. The enhanced CO J = 3–2/J = 1–0 ratio is possibly attributed to the tidal compression during the pericenter passage. The model suggests that a huge mass is packed within a radius of r &lt; 0.1 pc. The huge mass, compactness, and absence of luminous stellar counterparts may correspond to a signature of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) inside. We propose a formation scenario of CO$\, -0.31+$0.11 in which a compact cloud has gravitationally interacted with an IMBH and a bipolar molecular outflow was driven by the past activity of the putative IMBH.
Development Through the Lens of a Perception-Action-Cognition Connection: Recognizing the Need for a Paradigm Shift in Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Rahlin Mary , Barnett Joyce , Becker Elaine , Fregosi Charlene M 
Published: February 2019

AbstractClinical assessment of movement and posture guides the decision-making process in designing interventions for infants and children with movement disorders. Clinical reasoning is influenced by the therapist's understanding of developmental processes. The views of development grounded in perception-action, dynamic systems, and neuronal group selection theories are well recognized in current literature and supported by a large body of research. Based on the available evidence, intervention must be task-specific, repetitive, and highly salient to the child. Furthermore, it must honor spontaneous exploration and active problem-solving, enhance the child's ability to perceive environmental affordances, and target optimal variability and adaptability of movement and posture. However, a neuromaturational approach to developmental assessment and intervention that relies on “teaching” motor milestones and emphasizes the importance of correcting movement patterns in infants and children developing atypically is still prevalent in the clinic. This perspective paper will: (1) examine evidence in support of a paradigm shift from neuromaturational views toward bringing the concepts of grounded cognition, variability, complexity, and adaptability to the forefront of clinical reasoning; and (2) introduce the Perception-Action Approach as a method of assessment and intervention that may serve as an agent of such a shift by augmenting knowledge translation for the clinician.
What does digitalization hold for the creation of real-world evidence?
Authors: Pisaniello Huai Leng , Dixon William Gregory 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Health-related information is increasingly being collected and stored digitally. These data, either structured or unstructured, are becoming the ubiquitous assets that might enable us to comprehensively map out a patient’s health journey from an asymptomatic state of wellness to disease onset and its trajectory. These new data could provide rich real-world evidence for better clinical care and research, if they can be accessed, linked and analyzed—all of which are possible. In this review, these opportunities will be explored through a case vignette of a patient with OA, followed by discussion on how this digitalized real-world evidence could best be utilized, as well as the challenges of data access, quality and maintaining public trust.
Moderate nutrient restriction of beef heifers alters expression of genes associated with tissue metabolism, accretion, and function in fetal liver, muscle, and cerebrum by day 50 of gestation1
Authors: Crouse Matthew S , Caton Joel S , Cushman Robert A , McLean Kyle J , Dahlen Carl R , Borowicz Pawel P , Reynolds Lawrence P , Ward Alison K 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe hypothesized that a moderate maternal nutrient restriction during the first 50 d of gestation in beef heifers would affect transcript abundance of genes associated with tissue metabolism, accretion, and function in fetal liver, muscle, and cerebrum. Angus-cross heifers were estrus synchronized and assigned at breeding to one of two dietary treatments (CON- 100% of nutrient requirements to gain 0.45 kg/d; RES- 60% of CON). At day 50 of gestation, 14 heifers were ovariohysterectomized, and fetal liver, muscle, and cerebrum were collected. Transcriptome analysis via RNA-seq was conducted on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform using 50-bp paired-end reads at a depth of 2 × 10.4M reads/sample. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using the Tuxedo Suite and ontological analysis with DAVID 6.8. For fetal liver, muscle, and cerebrum, a total of 548, 317, and 151 genes, respectively (P &lt; 0.01) were differentially expressed, of which 201, 144, and 28 genes, respectively were false discovery rate protected (FDR; q &lt; 0.10). Differentially expressed genes were screened for fit into functional categories of pathways or ontologies associated with known impacts on tissue metabolism, accretion, and function. In fetal liver, five functional categories of interest (n = 125 genes) were affected by nutritional treatment: metabolic pathways, protein kinase, nucleosome core, mRNA splicing, and complement/coagulation cascades, of which 105 genes were upregulated in RES. In fetal muscle, three functional categories of interest (n = 106 genes) were affected by nutritional treatment: skeletal muscle, embryogenesis, and signaling cascades, of which 64 genes were upregulated in RES. In fetal cerebrum, three functional categories of interest (n = 60 genes) were affected by nutritional treatment: hippocampus and neurogenesis, metal-binding, and cytoskeleton, of which 58 genes were upregulated in RES. These results demonstrate that a moderate maternal nutrient restriction during the first 50 d of gestation in beef heifers alters transcript abundance of genes potentially impacting tissue metabolism, accretion, and function in fetal liver, muscle, and cerebrum. Furthermore, these results indicate that affected categories are tissue-specific and moderate maternal nutrient restriction generally increases expression of genes in fetuses from RES fed dams. Finally, these data lay the foundation upon which further research that identifies phenotypic responses to changes in these pathways may be elucidated.
Benefit of Higher Maximum Force Output on Listening Effort in Bone-Anchored Hearing System Users: A Pupillometry Study
Authors: Bianchi Federica , Wendt Dorothea , Wassard Christina , Maas Patrick , Lunner Thomas , Rosenbom Tove , Holmberg Marcus 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare listening effort, as estimated via pupillary response, during a speech-in-noise test in bone-anchored hearing system (BAHS) users wearing three different sound processors. The three processors, Ponto Pro (PP), Ponto 3 (P3), and Ponto 3 SuperPower (P3SP), differ in terms of maximum force output (MFO) and MFO algorithm. The hypothesis was that listeners would allocate lower listening effort with the P3SP than with the PP, as a consequence of a higher MFO and, hence, fewer saturation artifacts in the signal.

Design:
Pupil dilations were recorded in 21 BAHS users with a conductive or mixed hearing loss, during a speech-in-noise test performed at positive signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), where the speech and noise levels were individually adjusted to lead to 95% correct intelligibility with the PP. The listeners had to listen to a sentence in noise, retain it for 3 seconds and then repeat it, while an eye-tracking camera recorded their pupil dilation. The three sound processors were tested in random order with a single-blinded experimental design. Two conditions were performed at the same SNR: Condition 1, where the speech level was designed to saturate the PP but not the P3SP, and condition 2, where the overall sound level was decreased relative to condition 1 to reduce saturation artifacts.

Results:
The P3SP led to higher speech intelligibility than the PP in both conditions, while the performance with the P3 did not differ from the performance with the PP and the P3SP. Pupil dilations were analyzed in terms of both peak pupil dilation (PPD) and overall pupil dilation via growth curve analysis (GCA). In condition 1, a significantly lower PPD, indicating a decrease in listening effort, was obtained with the P3SP relative to the PP. The PPD obtained with the P3 did not differ from the PPD obtained with the other two sound processors. In condition 2, no difference in PPD was observed across the three processors. The GCA revealed that the overall pupil dilation was significantly lower, in both conditions, with both the P3SP and the P3 relative to the PP, and, in condition 1, also with the P3SP relative to the P3.

Conclusions:
The overall effort to process a moderate to loud speech signal was significantly reduced by using a sound processor with a higher MFO (P3SP and P3), as a consequence of fewer saturation artifacts. These findings suggest that sound processors with a higher MFO may help BAHS users in their everyday listening scenarios, in particular in noisy environments, by improving sound quality and, thus, decreasing the amount of cognitive resources utilized to process incoming speech sounds.
Physician-Centered Outcomes for Skin Cancer Treatment: A Single-Day Modified Delphi Process to Assess the Importance of Themes in Skin Cancer Management
Authors: Rossi Anthony M. , Sobanko Joseph , Lawrence Naomi , Bordeaux Jeremy , Cartee Todd , Armbrecht Eric S. , Behera Anit , Baum Christian L. , Alam Murad , Maher Ian A. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Success in skin cancer treatment is determined through outcome measurement. Patients and physicians may prioritize different outcomes of care, and identification of such may enhance patient-centered care.

OBJECTIVE
To identify gaps between patient and physician attitudes toward skin cancer outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A single-day, 21-patient, modified, in-person Delphi process to solicit and rate the importance of skin cancer–related outcomes was conducted. Twelve masked dermatologic surgeons rated patient-generated outcomes in a 2-round modified Delphi process. Each item was rated on a 1 to 9 scale (1, least important; 9, most important) using the Qualtrics web platform (Qualtrics, Provo, UT). Results of the physician ratings were compared with the patient ratings.

RESULTS
A list of 53 skin cancer treatment–related themes and outcomes was generated. Eight items were ranked by physicians as “very high” (>80% importance), 5 as “high” (>70% importance), 19 as intermediate, and 21 as low. The physician and patient panels' ratings were concordant for 56% of items, whereas 7 outcome items showed a 2-category discordance.

CONCLUSION
Physicians and patients were concordant regarding skin cancer treatment on multiple spheres. Areas of discordance include patient fear of unknown future risk, recurrence, or empowering patients to make treatment choices, and may be areas of continued improvement for delivery of patient-centered care.
Jowl Reduction With Deoxycholic Acid
Authors: Montes José Raúl , Santos Elizabeth , Chillar Annirudha 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
The study proposes a novel protocol for targeting the jowls using deoxycholic acid (DCA) injections, with emphasis on safety and feasibility of the procedure.

METHODS
This prospective study was conducted at a cosmetic practice between June 2016 and May 2017. Twelve consecutive patients seeking reduction/improvement in mild/moderate jowl fat were injected with DCA subcutaneously in a predefined circular area 1.0 cm above the mandibular border. Treatment response was assessed using physician-evaluated Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Subject GAIS.

RESULTS
Twelve patients (11 women and 1 man) with mild (n = 8) or moderate (n = 4) jowls were treated. After the first treatment, GAIS responses for 24 jowls showed 5 jowls with vast improvement, 15 with moderate improvement, and 4 with no change. After the second session for 5 jowls in 3 patients, GAIS responses showed vast improvement in 4 jowls and moderate improvement in 1. Adverse events included induration (n = 4), bruising (n = 6), numbness (n = 2), pain (n = 5), redness (n = 3), edema (n = 9), and dysphagia (n = 1).

CONCLUSION
Results of this early experience showed that DCA injections were safe and effective for nonsurgical jowl reduction.