bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Irrigation and Mulch Materials on Growth and Yield of Wheat
Authors: Rummana S , Amin AKMR , Islam MS , Faruk GM 
Published: December 2018

An experiment was carried out in Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka to find out the performance of wheat (var. BARI Gom 27) as influenced by time of irrigation and different mulch materials during 2015-2016. Four levels of irrigation viz. control, one irrigation at CRI (crown root initiation) stage, one irrigation at flowering stage and two irrigations each at CRI + flowering stage; and four different mulch materials viz. control, rice straw, rice husk and plastic sheets were considered as treatment variables. The experiment was laid out in a split- plot design with three replications, assigning irrigation to main plot and mulch materials to sub plots. Results showed that time of irrigation and different mulch materials had significant effect on plant characters, yield and yield components of wheat. Two irrigations given at CRI + flowering stage resulted with significantly higher plant height, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, 1000- grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index over one irrigation and control plots. Among mulch materials, black plastic mulch resulted with significantly higher grain yield of wheat. The highest grains (4.15 t ha-1) and straw yields (4.25 t ha-1) were obtained with two irrigations at CRI and flowering stage with black plastic mulch for achieving higher productivity.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 71-76
Effect of Fertilizer Packages on Broadcast Aus Rice in Lentil-B. Aus-Blackgram Cropping Pattern in the Char Land of Pabna in Bangladesh
Authors: Maniruzzaman M , Alam MR , Islam MS , Islam MZ , Molla MSH , Islam MA 
Published: December 2018

The experiment was conducted at Char Sadipur in the char land of Pabna during Aus rice seasons of 2014 and 2015 to determine appropriate fertilizer dose for enhancing yield of B. Aus rice var. Hashikalmi and also to increase farmers’ income in char land under High Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-11). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four dispersed replications. Eight fertilizer packages T1: N40P9K16S6Zn1(STB), T2: N50P9K16S6Zn1, T3: N50P11K16S6Zn1, T4: N50P9K20S6Zn1, T5: N40P11K20S6Zn1, T6: N50P11K20S6Zn1, T7: N30P7K12S4.5Zn0.75 kg ha-1 and T8: Native nutrients (control) were tested for B. Aus rice in Lentil-B. Aus- Blackgram cropping pattern. The treatment N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) produced maximum grain yield 2.60 t ha-1 and 2.81 t ha-1of B. Aus rice in 2014 and 2015 cropping season, respectively. The highest gross return (Tk. 61,810 ha-1 in 2014 and Tk. 72,250 ha-1 in 2015 cropping season) and gross margin (Tk. 12,214 ha-1 in 2014 and Tk. 21,550 ha-1 in 2015 cropping season) was also recorded from N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) and lowest from control in both the years.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 83-88
Effect of Seed Moisture Content and Storage Container on Seed Viability and Vigour of Soybean
Authors: Ali MR , Rahman MM , Wadud MA , Fahim AHF , Nahar MS 
Published: December 2018

Soybean (Glycine max) seed loses its viability in the storage which causes shortage in supply of quality seed and consequently hinders the expansion of soybean cultivation in Bangladesh.Losses of seed viability of soybean (Glycine max) in traditional storage is very common in the tropical environment. An experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jamalpur in 2011 and 2012 to find out the effect of seed moisture content and types of storage container on soybean seed germination and seedling vigour. In 2011, soybean seed having 94% initial germination was stored at 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels but in 2012 seeds having 96% initial germination was stored at 6, 8, 10 and 12% initial moisture levels in four different types of storage containers viz., polythene bag, plastic pot, tin can and glass jar. weredays after storage ().The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. In 2011, high germination of soybean seed (77-85%) was retained at 200 DAS for those stored at 8% initial seed moisture content (SMC) in any of the containers. Germination index and seedling dry matter decreased with increased initial seed moisture content irrespective of storage containers used. Tin preserved higher seed moisture contents of 9.93, 11.71 and 14.15% for seed stored at 8%, 10% and 12% initial seed moisture content, respectively. In 2012, 80-94% seed germination was retained at 200 DAS for those stored at 6% initial SMC in any of the containers. The germination declined to a range between 75.0 and 91.3% within 200 DAS at 8% initial SMC while those stored at 12% SMC showed rapid germination loss and the value showed down to between 9.3 and 22.0%. Vigour index and seedling dry matter decreased with increased initial seed moisture content irrespective of storage containers used. Tin also Seeds stored in tin container showed the higher final seed moisture contents irrespective of initial seed moisture content.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 131-141
Productive and reproductive performance of Saanen goat at AZZahra farm of Sandakan in Malaysia
Authors: Khandoker MAMY , Afini N , Azwan A 
Published: December 2018

An experiment was conducted at AZ-Zahra Farm, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia to investigate the productive and reproductive performance of Saanen dairy goat. Body weight at different ages were collected once while birth weight was collected when does gave birth. On the other hand, milk production of each individual per day was received continuously for three months. The data on reproductive parameters such as length of estrus cycle, duration of estrus period, age at puberty, gestation length, age at first kidding, litter size, birth weight and kid mortality were noted. Descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, mean, standard deviation were performed. T-test was also conducted to know the statistical difference between the groups. Result demonstrated that body weight increases significantly (p<0.01) with the advancement of the age. The highest daily milk yield was found in 2-3 years of age. Dam with multiple kids produced more milk than dam with single kid. Estrus cycle of Saanen goats was found 21 days, the average estrus period duration was 2.75 days, age at puberty was 8.33 months, first kidding age was 14.2 months and gestation period was 150 days on an average. With the increase of the age of dam litter size increased. Meanwhile average birth weight increased as age of dam increased from 2.85 kg in 1 year to 3.26 kg in 3 years. Male kids born heavier than females (3.23±0.62 vs. 2.75±0.58 kg) and single kids were heavier than twin kids (3.07±0.66 kgvs2.70±0.28 kg). Low mortality rate of kids was recorded in this study (6.4%). It can be concluded that the overall productive and reproductive performances of Saanen goat at AZ-Zahra farm were within the acceptable level and the variation recorded in different parameters is very much usual.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 1-12
Nutrient content of meat and bone meal available in the market of Chittagong district of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain ME , Zummy FI , Khatun MM , Islam S 
Published: December 2018

Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a potential source of animal protein for poultry. The study was undertaken to investigate the variations in the chemical composition of MBM available in different feed markets of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Secondary data from one hundred ten different MBM samples were analyzed in triplicate for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and total ash (TA) in the Poultry Research and Training Centre laboratory of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh during 21st October 2014 to 2nd December 2016. Data were collected, compiled and analyzed. Results indicated that, there were wide ranges of variations in the chemical compositions for different parameters. DM varied from 91.9 to 98.7% and CP varied from 18.5 to 74.5%. Similarly, CF varied from 1.1 to 2.9% and EE varied from 7.5 to 45.0%. TA varied from 4.8 to 33.6%. There was a strong negative relationship between CP and TA (r=-0.831; R2=0.691; P<0.001). However, DM and TA were positively correlated (r=0.374; R2=0.139; P=0.003). It was concluded that, chemical composition of MBM is widely variable. Wet chemistry analysis is suggested before inclusion of MBM in the diets of dairy, poultry and pet animals.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 28-34
Feeding effects of total mixed ration on rumen metabolic profile in Cattle
Authors: Jahan R , Amin MR , Sarker NR , Kamal MT 
Published: December 2018

A feeding trial was undertaken to select the best combination of roughage and concentrate based on total mixed ration (TMR), to better rumen environment and determine the feeding effects of TMR on rumen metabolic profile in cattle. The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) for a period of 35 days. A total of 5 types of TMR was prepared on fed basis with different roughage and concentrate ratios as T1=70:30, T2=60:40, T3=50:50, T4=40:60, and T5=30:70. Five cannulated bulls with an average live weight ranging from 200 to 300 kg and approximately 18 months of age were selected for the experiment. The present study indicated that there was no significant difference in pH among different treatment groups. Concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) was highest in T2 group which was found to be increased up to 12 h after feeding, then gradually decreased up to 24 h. Concentration of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), non protein nitrogen (NPN) and protein nitrogen (PN) were highest in T5 group. Concentration of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and protein nitrogen (PN) were gradually decreased up to 12 h after feeding but then gradually increased trend observed up to 24 h. Concentration of non protein nitrogen (NPN) was found to be decreased gradually from 0 h up to 24 h after feeding. The result also indicated that rumen NH3-N was positively correlated with TN intake of the animal. It can be concluded from the present study that the TMR provided better rumen environment at different hours of digestion could be used for better rumen fermentation. The best combination of roughage to concentrate ratio (30:70) was in T5 group for better N utilization to achieve maximum performance through proper feeding which might reflect the gross return of cattle production.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 35-39
In vivo study of follicular statistics in Red Chittagong Cattle of Bangladesh
Authors: Deb GK , Kabir MA , Miraz MFH , Hossain SMJ , Afroz MF , Nahar TN , Mostofa MK 
Published: December 2018

The objective of this research was to generate baseline information on follicular statistics of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC).Ten heifers and ten regular breeder RCC cows were selected randomly from BLRI Research Herd. The ovary was grasped by inserting left hand through the rectum and the follicles were visualized by inserting a sectorial probe through the vagina. Ovarian follicles were visualized and recorded by counting on the screen of ultrasonography machine. All visible follicles (>2.0mm) were counted and graded as small (<3.0mm), medium (3.0 to 8.0mm) and large (>8.0mm). The follicles were measured 3 times at a 3-day interval period without considering the stage of the reproductive cycle of the experimental animals. During this experiment, a total of 137 follicles (66 in Heifers and 71in cows) were observed from 10 heifers and 10 cows. The corpus luteum was observed either in the left or right ovary of 25.0% heifers and 35.0% cows. In heifer, 40.91, 45.45 and 13.64% of the observed follicles were belonged to small, medium and large groups, respectively. The percentage of small, medium and large follicles in the cow ovaries were 54.93, 39.44 and 5.63% accordingly. The number of follicles in an ovary did not vary (P>0.05) between right and left ovary of a heifer or cow. The diameter of the largest follicle on the ovary was smaller (P<0.05) in heifer (9.43±0.34mm) compared to cow (11.2 ± 0.73mm). This information will be helpful during aspiration of ovarian follicle from donor cows.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 47-50
Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Ruptured Uterus in A Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Noor Kazi Farhana , Yasmin Farida , Biswas Rupasree , Mumu Moumita Tripura , Dev Uma 
Published: December 2018

Background: Ruptured uterus is an obstetric emergency, carrying increased risk of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity especially in the developing countries. To determine the various aspects such as antecedent factors, clinical profile, management, outcome of ruptured uterus in a tertiary hospital.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, from January 2010 to December 2010. 70 consecutive admitted patients during this period was taken in this study.
Results: During study period total 13635 obstetric patients were admitted and among them 70 cases were of ruptured uterus which gives an incidence of 0.5%. 92.85% of the women were multiparous. 77% patient did not have any antenatal care. 81% were illiterate and 82% belong to low socio-economic class. Common risk factors were mal-handling of labor by untrained dai (44%) cephalopelvic disproportion (35%) previous caesarean scar (34.28%) shoulder presentation 15%, abused of oxytocic drug (14%). Shock and sepsis were the prominent presenting features. In most cases, the tear was in the lower segment and in 54 patients (80%) the tear was complete. 25 (37%) patients had sub-total hysterectomy, 22 had repair and 13 (19.4%) had total hysterectomy. Maternal and fetal mortality rate was 11.42% and 88.5% respectively.
Conclusion: A high incidence (1 in 195) of ruptured uterus mainly because of inadequate natal and intranatal care, high parity, mismanagement of labor, Low socio-economic condition and illiteracy.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.17 (1); Jan 2018; Page 29-33
Impact of smartphone use on health among higher secondary level students in Khulna, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury S , Basu BK , Laskar MS 
Published: December 2018

Smartphone is used worldwide even by students as a very much necessary electronic device. The present study aimed at finding out any impact of smartphone use on health of higher secondary certificate level students in Khulna, Bangladesh using a semi-structured questionnaire, which included different socioeconomic characteristics such as social status, duration of smartphone use, related possible health problems like eye strain, headache, hearing problem, sleep disturbance and depression. Three hundred seventy students participated in this study. The modes of using smartphone by the students were: no use, audio calls, video calls, gamming, chatting, facebooking, and taking photo. The students were 40.5% of 11th level and 59.5% of 12th level, 42.2% of age <17 years, 43.8% males, 76.8% came from urban schools, 84.9% with science background, 35.7% had family members >4, 65.1% had parents with higher social status, 89.7% used smartphone, and 34.6% used with daily duration >1 hour. The smartphone use was significantly associated with sleep disturbance (p < 0.05) as an expression of health impact. The symptom sleep disturbance significantly associated with other reported symptoms by the respondents like eye strain, headache, hearing problem, and depression. All the symptoms were positively and significantly inter-related (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Smartphone should be used with a cautious manner, as there might be a chance to develop health related symptoms
Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 1: Jan 2019, Page 1-5
A curriculum perspective for Bachelor of Science in Public Health 4-years honors degree program at public and private universities in Bangladesh
Authors: Laskar MS 
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive Bachelor of Science in Public Health (BScPH) curriculum containing multidisciplinary modules was seemed to be appropriate for 4-years undergraduate (honors) for public and private universities of Bangladesh exploring to start the program and to flourish public health education. It was explored and developed one reviewing well-established learning objectives of public health education and curriculum development by different universities around the world. Focusing on multidisciplinary courses, several study topics were derived for this BScPH curriculum such as basic biological subjects, mathematics and other core courses integrating the contribution of arts and sciences disciplines into public health, developing critical thinking and quantitative literacy skills, acquiring personal and social responsibility through incorporation of experiential learning, and providing integrative learning for global health challenges. English is the preferable language medium of instruction. The curriculum contains 156 credit points, which are to be completed by the students for graduation. The curriculum might contribute to establish public health undergraduate (honors) program at public and private universities, which would make more students to come forward to be graduates in the field and serve to build a healthy nation. An evaluation at any point while conducting the BScPH degree program will help to modify or update the curriculum taking into consideration the current situation and information to enhance achieved learning outcome.
Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 1: Jan 2019, Page 31-39
Characteristics of Late-phase >100 MeV Gamma-Ray Emission in Solar Eruptive Events
Authors: Share G. H. , Murphy R. J. , White S. M. , Tolbert A. K. , Dennis B. R. , Schwartz R. A. , Smart D. F. , Shea M. A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We characterize and catalog 30 solar eruptive events observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) having late-phase >100 MeV γ-ray emission (LPGRE), identified 30 yr ago in what were called long-duration gamma-ray flares. We show that LPGRE is temporally and spectrally distinct from impulsive phase emission in these events. The spectra are consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons and are not consistent with primary electron bremsstrahlung. Impulsive >100 keV X-ray emission was observed in all 27 LPGRE events where observations were made. All but two of the LPGRE events were accompanied by a fast and broad coronal mass ejection (CME). The LPGRE start times range from CME onset to 2 hr later. Their durations range from ∼0.1 to 20 hr and appear to be correlated with durations of >100 MeV solar energetic particle (SEP) proton events. The power-law spectral indices of the >300 MeV protons producing LPGRE range from ∼2.5 to 6.5 and vary during some events. Combined γ-ray line and LAT measurements indicate that LPGRE proton spectra are steeper above 300 MeV than they are below 300 MeV. The number of LPGRE protons >500 MeV is typically about 10× the number in the impulsive phase of the solar eruptive event and ranges in nine events from ∼0.01× to 0.5× the number in the accompanying SEP event, with large systematic uncertainty. What appears to be late-phase electron bremsstrahlung with energies up to ∼10 MeV was observed in one LPGRE event. We discuss how current models of LPGRE may explain these characteristics.
Modeling the Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei by an Infinite Mixture of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) Processes
Authors: Takata Tadafumi , Mukuta Yusuke , Mizumoto Yoshikiko 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We develop an infinite mixture model of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) processes for describing the optical variability of QSOs based on treating the variability as a stochastic process. This enables us to get the parameters of the power spectral densities (PSDs) on their brightness variations by providing more flexible description of PSDs than the models based on a single OU process (damped random walk (DRW). We apply this model to 67,507 variable objects extracted from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 photometric data and succeed in showing very high precision in identifying QSOs (∼99% levels in completeness and purity) among variable objects based only on their variability, by investigating on 9855 spectroscopically confirmed objects (7714 QSOs and 2141 stars) in the data of SDSS Data Release 12 (DR12), with sufficient and accurate multiple measurements of their brightness. By comparing our results with the values based on other models that are used in previous research, it is revealed that our model can be used as the most effective method for selecting QSOs from a variable object catalog, especially regarding completeness and purity. The main reason for improved identification rates is the ability of our model to separate clearly QSOs and stars, especially on the small fraction of QSOs with variabilities that can be described better than with the simple DRW model.
The Powerful Jet and Gamma-Ray Flare of the Quasar PKS 0438–436
Authors: Punsly Brian , Tramacere Andrea , Kharb Preeti , Marziani Paola 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
PKS 0438–436, at a redshift of z = 2.856, has been previously recognized as possessing perhaps the most luminous known synchrotron jet. Little is known about this source since the maximum elevation above the horizon is low for the Very Large Array (VLA). We present the first VLA radio image that detects the radio lobes. We use both the 151 MHz luminosity, as a surrogate for the isotropic radio lobe luminosity, and the lobe flux density from the radio image to estimate a long-term, time-averaged, jet power,

. We analyze two deep optical spectra with strong broad emission lines and estimate the thermal bolometric luminosity of the accretion flow, L
bol = 6.7 ± 3.0 × 1046 erg s−1. The ratio

is at the limit of this empirical metric of jet dominance seen in radio-loud quasars and this is the most luminous accretion flow to have this limiting behavior. Despite being a very luminous blazar, it previously had no γ-ray detections until 2016 December 11–13 (54 hr) when FERMI detected a flare that we analyze here. The isotropic apparent luminosity from 100 MeV–100 GeV rivals the most luminous detected blazar flares (averaged over 18 hr), ∼5–6 × 1049 erg s−1. The γ-ray luminosity varies over time by two orders of magnitude, highlighting the extreme role of Doppler abberation and geometric alignment in producing the inverse Compton emission.
Vortex Flows in the Solar Atmosphere: Automated Identification and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Giagkiozis Ioannis , Fedun Viktor , Scullion Eamon , Jess David B. , Verth Gary 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Vortices on the photosphere are fundamentally important as these coherent flows have the potential to form coherent magnetic field structures in the solar atmosphere, e.g., twisted magnetic flux tubes. These flows have traditionally been identified by tracking magnetic bright points (BPs) using primarily visual inspection. This approach has the shortcoming that it introduces bias into the statistical analyses. In this work we fully automate the process of vortex identification using an established method from hydrodynamics for the study of eddies in turbulent flows. For the first time, we apply this to detect intergranular photospheric intensity vortices. Using this automated approach, we find that the expected lifetime of intensity vortices is much shorter (≈17 s) compared with previously observed magnetic BP swirls. We suggest that at any time there are 1.48 × 106 such small-scale intensity vortices covering about 2.8% of the total surface of the solar photosphere. Lastly, we compare our results with previous works and speculate what this could imply with regards to estimating the global energy flux due magnetic tornadoes in the solar atmosphere with future higher resolution instrumentation.