bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Self-defensive Antibacterial and Osteogenic AgNPs/Gentamicin Coatings with Chitosan as Nanovalves for Controlled release
Authors: Zhou Wenhao , Li Yangyang , Yan Jianglong , Xiong Pan , Li Qiyao , Cheng Yan , Zheng Yufeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo solve the Ti implants-associated infection and poor osseointegration problems, we have constructed the AgNPs/gentamicin (Gen)-loaded silk fibroin (SF) coating with acceptable antibacterial and osteogenic aptitude. Nevertheless, due to uncontrollably sustained drug release, this bactericidal coating encountered some tricky problems, such as local high Ag concentration, short life-span and potential cytotoxicity. In this work, a chitosan (CS) barrier layer was constructed to prebuilt the SF-based film by two means, dip-coating (DCS) and spin-coating (SCS). Intriguingly, the CS barrier layer constructed by spin-coating highly improved the hydrophilic and protein-absorbed performances. As verified in the release profile, both coatings showed a prolonged and pH-dependent pattern of Ag+ with an accelerated release in acidic condition. Also, the multilayer coating with a SCS barrier layer showed an apparent bacteria-trigged antibacterial and biofilm-inhibited performances, whereas the improvements of antibacterial abilities of DCS coating were limited. The mechanisms could be explained that the pH decrease induced by the attachment and proliferation of bacteria triggered collapse of CS barrier layer, accelerating the release of bactericides. Moreover, benefitted from pH-dependent release behavior of Ag and bioactive SCS layer, functional coatings highly enhanced the initial adhesion, migration and proliferation of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, and subsequently accelerated osteoblast differentiation (alkaline phosphatase production). A relevant aspect of this work was to demonstrate the essential effect of reasonable construction of self-defensive barrier layer in achieving the balance between the high-efficiency bacterial killing and osteogenic activity, and highlighted its excellent potential in clinical applications.
Subglacial discharge plume behaviour revealed by CTD-instrumented ringed seals
Authors: Everett Alistair , Kohler Jack , Sundfjord Arild , Kovacs Kit M. , Torsvik Tomas , Pramanik Ankit , Boehme Lars , Lydersen Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSubglacial discharge plumes increase submarine melting of marine-terminating glaciers significantly; however, in-situ data on their properties and behaviour are limited. We present oceanographic data collected by ringed seals (Pusa hispida) instrumented with GPS-equipped conductivity-temperature-depth satellite relay data loggers (GPS-CTD-SRDLs) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, during 2012. The seals foraged just outside the plumes and collected hydrographic data from within the plumes’ upwelling cores as they returned to the surface. The seals encountered water with fractions of subglacial discharge as high as 27% at 60 m below the ocean surface. The ringed seals responded rapidly to spatial and temporal variations in subglacial discharge at the glacier terminus, suggesting that prey becomes available quickly following the appearance of plumes. The seals’ dive locations were used to monitor the presence of plumes over a four-month period. High surface runoff from Kronebreen catchment created strong plumes, but weak plumes were present even during periods of low surface runoff. The continued retreat of Kronebreen, and other tidewater glaciers, will lead to the loss of these marine-termini as the glaciers retreat onto land. The techniques presented here improve our understanding of the drivers of glacial retreat and the implications of future habitat loss for glacier-associated birds and mammals.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Haensch Carl-Albrecht 
Published: September 2018

das dritte Schwerpunktheft in den letzten 20 Jahren der Klinischen Neurophysiologie über das autonome Nervensystem liegt Ihnen jetzt vor. Nach einer Darstellung der Anwendung der Analyse der Herzfrequenzvariabilität in Neurologie und Psychiatrie in 1998 und einem urogenitalen und gastrointestinalen Schwerpunkt in 2011, beschäftigen sich die aktuellen Beiträge mit der State of the Art-Diagnostik und neuen therapeutischen Ansätzen der gestörten kardiovaskulären Regulation. Kreislaufregulationsstörungen stehen oft im Mittelpunkt der autonomen Diagnostik. Dies liegt daran, dass Synkopen besonders häufig sind und Beschwerden einer orthostatischen Intoleranz sowohl bei vermeintlich „gesunden“ jungen Menschen mit einem Posturalen Tachykardiesyndrom vorkommen können, aber auch als orthostatische Hypotonie in Folge der Neurodegeneration autonomer Kerngebiete zu beobachten sind. Neue Themen sind in den vergangenen Jahren aufgekommen: Die besonders häufigen autonomen Störungen bei REM-Schlafverhaltensstörung sind ein weiterer Grund, sich mit dem Vegetativum bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen zu beschäftigen, wie dies bereits mehrere Forschergruppen derzeit tun. Der SUDEP ist ein noch ungelöstes Rätsel in der Epileptologie, welches auch aus autonomer Sicht noch besser verstanden werden muss.Wenig Interesse an der Entwicklung von neuen Therapien ist seit der Einführung von Sildenafil auf Seiten der pharmazeutischen Industrie zu erkennen. Auch autonome Messplätze sind kaum auf den medizintechnischen Ausstellungen zu sehen. Einzig L-Threo-DOPS wurde zwischenzeitlich in den USA zur Behandlung der orthostatischen Hypotonie – wie bereits seit vielen Jahren in Japan – zugelassen.
Rapid Sequence Induction
Authors: Hinkelbein Jochen , Kranke Peter 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie „Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation“ (RSI oder RSII) ist bei Patienten mit erhaltener Kreislauffunktion die Standardmethode, um schnellstmöglich eine Atemwegssicherung im Rahmen einer Notfallsituation bzw. Narkose durchzuführen. Ziel einer RSI ist es, eine Aspiration durch die schnelle endotracheale Intubation und den Verzicht auf eine Zwischenbeatmung zu verhindern.Auch heute besitzen nur wenige europäische Länder eine explizite Handlungsempfehlung zur Durchführung einer RSI. In der täglichen klinischen Routine hat sich die Kopfhochlagerung etabliert, die gegenüber den anderen Lagerungsarten gewisse Vorteile bietet. Eine liegende Magensonde sollte i. d. R. während der RSI belassen werden und muss nicht zwingend in den Ösophagus zurückgezogen werden. Wenn keine Magensonde gelegt wurde bzw. bereits lag, ist die Einlage einer Magensonde nach Intubation sinnvoll. Vor der RSI sollte im Normalfall ein Opioid appliziert werden, da die Dosis kreislaufwirksamer Hypnotika und die hämodynamische Stimulation bei der Intubation reduziert werden können.
Diagnosis and Management of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Agarwal Himani , Pillai Anil , Kalva Sanjeeva 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAcute hypoperfusion of the bowel without mechanical occlusion of the arterial or venous circulation is referred to as nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) and is responsible for approximately one fourth of all arterial causes of mesenteric ischemia. Patients present with nonspecific symptoms, making clinical diagnosis difficult. Prognosis is poor with high mortality rates. Mortality rates have improved during the past two decades from 80 to 50% due to early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment. In this review, we discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, and symptoms of NOMI as well as radiological findings and management along with comprehensive review of the literature.
Rasmussen's Encephalitis
Authors: Luat Aimee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by drug-refractory focal seizures especially epilepsia partialis continua, progressive hemiparesis, and neurocognitive decline. Diagnosis is mainly clinical and can be ambiguous during the early stages of the disease. Its underlying etiology is still elusive, but is suspected to be immune mediated. Treatment of seizures and disease progression is challenging, and although immunotherapy may delay its course, to date, surgical disconnection of the diseased hemisphere remains to be the only effective treatment providing seizure freedom in 60 to 85% of cases. The following review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, management, and treatment of RE.
Placeboeffekte bei chronischen Schmerzen: Forschungsstand und klinische Anwendung
Authors: Müller Maike , Bräscher Anne-Kathrin 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungSpielte der Placeboeffekt ehemals vorwiegend eine (eher unliebsame) Rolle bei randomisierten kontrollierten Studien, so treten nun vermehrt die mit dem Placeboeffekt verbundenen Chancen in den Vordergrund. Dieser Beitrag bespricht bisherige Forschungserkenntnisse zum Placeboeffekt bei chronischen Schmerzen und zeigt, wie durch eine gezielte Beeinflussung des therapeutischen Kontexts die Wirksamkeit pharmakologisch aktiver Schmerzmedikamente gesteigert werden kann.
The impact of intra-cultural and inter-cultural task repetition on interaction
Authors: Aubrey Scott 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Previous classroom-based research has shown that task repetition (Kim, 2013) and interlocutor proficiency (e.g. Watanabe & Swain, 2007) can affect the extent to which learners reflect on language form during the performance of collaborative tasks. Furthering these lines of inquiry, this study compares the effect of task repetition on Japanese EFL learners’ attention to linguistic form during the performances of oral tasks under two conditions: when task repetition involves (1) a Japanese interlocutor and (2) a non-Japanese interlocutor. Japanese learners (n = 36) from two EFL classes performed two oral, collaborative tasks in pairs. In one class, learners were paired with international, English-speaking students (n = 18), while in the other class learners were paired with peers of the same class. Participants in each group kept the same partner for the duration of the initial and repeated task performances. Task interactions were transcribed and analyzed in terms of language-related episodes (LREs). Results indicated that repeating tasks with a non-Japanese interlocutor led to a number of significant benefits, including a higher incidence of LREs overall, more episodes being resolved with uptake, and a higher rate of complex and grammatical LREs than during the first task performances. On the other hand, repetition with a Japanese interlocutor resulted in no significant change in LRE production, but a significant decrease in the production of lexical LREs.
Second language learning through repeated engagement in a poster presentation task
Authors: Kobayashi Emi , Kobayashi Masaki 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter reports on an ethnographic multiple-case study of EFL students’ language learning through repeated engagement in a poster presentation task. The study draws upon sociocultural and ecological perspectives to highlight the interpersonal processes that contribute to L2 students’ learning through a poster carousel (Lynch & Maclean, 2000, 2001) that involved three presentations by the same group on the same topic, each followed by a question-answer session. Participants were Japanese undergraduate students, and data were collected primarily through classroom observations, audio-recordings of task-related interactions, semi-structured interviews, and collection of relevant documents. Recorded discourse was analyzed mainly using an ethnography of communication approach (Duff, 2002) in order to trace the interactional trajectories that led to changes in students’ performances. The analysis showed that students benefited from their repeated experiences with the task in a variety of ways. Some students acted upon the feedback from their audience to refine their subsequent task performances. Other students used questions from their previous audience to invite contributions from the current audience. Importantly, not all students were willing to change their second and third performances because their main concern was to avoid risk-taking. The chapter concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for research and pedagogy.
How Reliable is Duality Theory in Empirical Work?
Authors: Rosas Francisco , Lence Sergio H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Neoclassical theory of production establishes a dual relationship between the profit value function of a competitive firm and its underlying production technology. This relationship, commonly referred to as duality theory, has been widely used in empirical work to estimate production parameters such as elasticities and returns to scale. We generate a pseudo‐dataset by Monte Carlo simulations, which, starting from known production parameters, yield a dataset with the main characteristics of U.S. agriculture in terms of unobserved firm heterogeneity, decisions under uncertainty, unexpected production and price shocks, endogenous prices, output and input aggregation, measurement error in variables, and omitted variables. Production parameters are not precisely recovered when performing econometric estimation based on the duality approach, and the elasticity estimates are inaccurate. Deviations of own‐ and cross‐price elasticities from initial median values, given our parameter calibration, range between 6% and 690%, with an average of 90%. Also, own‐price elasticities are as imprecisely recovered as cross‐price elasticities. Sensitivity analysis shows that results still hold for different sources and levels of noise, and sample size used in estimation.
An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derivative, 18-HEPE, protects against CXCR4-associated melanoma metastasis
Authors: Li Jieping , Chen Chih-Yu , Arita Makoto , Kim Kuijin , Li Xiangyong , Zhang Hongman , Kang Jing X 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Melanoma has a high propensity to metastasize and exhibits a poor response to classical therapies. Dysregulation of the chemokine receptor gene CXCR4 is associated with melanoma progression, and although n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to be beneficial for melanoma prevention, the underlying mechanism of this effect is unclear. Here, we used the n-3 fatty acid desaturase (Fat-1) transgenic mouse model of endogenous n-3 PUFA synthesis to investigate the influence of elevated n-3 PUFA levels in a mouse model of metastatic melanoma. We found that relative to wild-type (WT) mice, Fat-1 mice exhibited fewer pulmonary metastatic colonies and improved inflammatory indices, including reduced serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels and pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity. Differential PUFA metabolites in serum were considered a key factor to alter cancer cell travelling to lung, and we found that n-6 PUFAs such as arachidonic acid induced CXCR4 protein expression although n-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased CXCR4 levels. In addition, serum levels of the bioactive EPA metabolite, 18-HEPE, were elevated in Fat-1 mice relative to WT mice, and 18-HEPE suppressed CXCR4 expression in B16-F0 cells. Moreover, relative to controls, numbers of pulmonary metastatic colonies were reduced in WT mice receiving intravenous injections either of 18-HEPE or 18-HEPE-pretreated melanoma cells. Our results indicate that 18-HEPE is a potential anticancer metabolite that mediates, at least in part, the preventive effect of n-3 PUFA on melanoma metastasis.
Gradient Estimates on Dirichlet and Neumann Eigenfunctions
Authors: Arnaudon Marc , Thalmaier Anton , Wang Feng-Yu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBy methods of stochastic analysis on Riemannian manifolds, we derive explicit constants $c_1(D)$ and $c_2(D)$ for a $d$-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold $D$ with boundary such that $c_1(D)\sqrt \lambda \|\phi \|_\infty \leqslant \|\nabla \phi \|_\infty \leqslant c_2(D)\sqrt \lambda \|\phi \|_\infty $ holds for any Dirichlet eigenfunction $\phi $ of $-\Delta $ with eigenvalue $\lambda $. In particular, when $D$ is convex with nonnegative Ricci curvature, the estimate holds for $c_1(D)= 1/{d\mathrm{e}}$ and $c_2(D)=\sqrt{\mathrm{e}}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{\pi }}+\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{4\sqrt{2}}\right ).$ Corresponding two-sided gradient estimates for Neumann eigenfunctions are derived in the second part of the paper.
Protonated CO2 in massive star-forming clumps
Authors: Fontani F , Vagnoli A , Padovani M , Colzi L , Caselli P , Rivilla V M 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTInterstellar CO2 is an important reservoir of carbon and oxygen, and one of the major constituents of the icy mantles of dust grains, but it is not observable directly in cold gas because it has no permanent dipole moment. Its protonated form, HOCO+, is believed to be a good proxy for gaseous CO2. However, it has been detected in only a few star-forming regions to date, so its interstellar chemistry is not well understood. We present new detections of HOCO+ lines in 11 high-mass star-forming clumps. Our observations more than treble the number of detections in star-forming regions to date. We derived beam-averaged abundances relative to H2 of between 0.3 and 3.8 × 10−11. We compared these values with the abundances of H13CO+, a possible gas-phase precursor of HOCO+, and of CH3OH, a product of surface chemistry. We found a positive correlation with H13CO+, but no correlation with CH3OH. We suggest that the gas-phase formation route starting from HCO+ plays an important role in the formation of HOCO+, perhaps more important than protonation of CO2 (upon evaporation of CO2 from icy dust mantles).
Observational evidence for extended emission to GW170817
Authors: van Putten Maurice H P M , Della Valle Massimo 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
The recent LIGO event GW170817 is the merger of a double neutron star system with an associated short GRB170817A with 2.9 ± 0.3 s soft emission over 8–70 keV. This association has a Gaussian equivalent level of confidence of 5.1σ. The merger produced a hypermassive neutron star or stellar mass black hole with prompt or continuous energy output powering GRB170817A. Here, we report on a possible detection of extended emission (EE) in gravitational radiation during GRB170817A: a descending chirp with characteristic time-scale $\tau _s=3.01\pm 0.2\,$ s in a (H1,L1)-spectrogram up to 700 Hz with Gaussian equivalent level of confidence greater than 3.3σ based on causality alone following edge detection applied to (H1,L1)-spectrograms merged by frequency coincidences. Additional confidence derives from the strength of this EE. The observed frequencies below 1 kHz indicate a hypermassive magnetar rather than a black hole, spinning down by magnetic winds and interactions with dynamical mass ejecta.
The phylogeny of Ryocalanoidea (Copepoda, Calanoida) based on morphology and a multi-gene analysis with a description of new ryocalanoidean species
Authors: Renz Jasmin , Markhaseva Elena L , Laakmann Silke 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo new species of ryocalanoid copepods (Crustacea: Calanoida), Ryocalanus squamatus sp. nov. and Yrocalanus kurilensis sp. nov. are described together with a female of Ryocalanus infelix Tanaka, 1956, type species for the genus Ryocalanus Tanaka, 1956, from abyssal depths in the Kurile-Kamchatka trench. The new species can be assigned to the superfamily Ryocalanoidea based on the segmentation and armature of the swimming legs and the modification of the male right antennule. A new interpretation of the fusions of segments in the male right antennule of Ryocalanus shows the marked differences between the ryocalanoidean genera. The status of Ryocalanoidea within the Calanoida is discussed based on morphology and a first molecular multi-gene analysis with cytochrome oxidase subunit I, cytochrome b, nuclear ribosomal 18S and 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer 2. This analysis supports the close interrelationship between Ryocalanoidea and Spinocalanoidea. The monophyletic status of Ryocalanoidea could not be retrieved in the phylogenetic analysis, as specimens of Yrocalanus formed a clade within Spinocalanoidea. The inconclusive results between morphological and molecular analyses are discussed with a proposition to keep the current system until more males of taxa belonging to the Spinocalanoidea are discovered, as the male antennule plays a crucial role in the interpretation of relationships between Ryocalanoidea and Spinocalanoidea.
Three-dimensional (3D) Printed Model to Plan the Endoscopic Treatment of Upper Airway Stenosis
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , Scaramuzzi Roberto , Minerva Ivana , De Ruberto Emanuele , Califano Teresa , Reginelli Alfonso , Grassi Roberto , Santini Mario 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Endoscopic management of tracheal stenosis may be challenging, especially in the case of complex stenosis placed near the vocal folds, and needing stent placement. Herein, we evaluated the utility of the three-dimensional (3D) airway model for procedural planning in a consecutive series of patients with complex airway stenosis and scheduled for endoscopic treatment.

Methods:
This strategy was applied to 7 consecutive patients with tracheal stenosis unfit for surgery. The model was printed in a rubber-like material, and almost 7 hours were needed to create it. All patients presented respiratory failure with a mean value of 3.4±0.4 Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale, 47±3.9 forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%), and an impairment in the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) (mean value, 175±53 m). The mean length of the stenosis was 19±3.4 mm; 3 of the 7 (43%) patients presented a subglottic stenosis. In 4/7 (57%) patients the stenosis was >5 mm, but its treatment required the placement of a stent because of the presence of tracheal cartilage injury.

Results:
The mean operation time was 22.7±6.6 minutes. No complications were observed during and after the procedure. A significant increase of MRC (3.4±0.4 vs. 1.6±0.5; P=0.003), of FEV1% (47±3.9 vs. 77±9.7; P=0.001), and of 6MWT (175±53 vs. 423±101; P=0.0002) was observed after the procedure (mean follow-up, 11.1±8.8 mo).

Conclusion:
Our 3D airway model in the management of airway stenosis is useful for procedural planning, rehearsal, and education. The fidelity level of the 3D model remains the main concern for its wider use in patient care. Thus, our impressions should be confirmed by future prospective studies.
Sills and gas generation in the Siberian Traps
Authors: Svensen Henrik H. , Frolov Sergei , Akhmanov Grigorii G. , Polozov Alexander G. , Jerram Dougal A. , Shiganova Olga V. , Melnikov Nikolay V. , Iyer Karthik , Planke Sverre 
Published: September 2018

On its way to the surface, the Siberian Traps magma created a complex sub-volcanic plumbing system. This resulted in a large-scale sill emplacement within the Tunguska Basin and subsequent release of sediment-derived volatiles during contact metamorphism. The distribution of sills and the released sediment-stored gas volume is, however, poorly constrained. In this paper, results from a study of nearly 300 deep boreholes intersecting sills are presented. The results show that sills with thicknesses above 100 m are abundant throughout the upper part of the sedimentary succession. A high proportion of the sills was emplaced within the Cambrian evaporites with average thicknesses in the 115–130 m range and a maximum thickness of 428 m. Thermal modelling of the cooling of the sills shows that the contact metamorphic aureoles are capable of generating 52–80 tonnes of CO
2
m
−2
with contributions from both marine and terrestrial carbon. When up-scaling these borehole results, an area of 12–19 000 km
2
is required to generate 1000 Gt CO
2
. This represents only 0.7–1.2% of the total area in the Tunguska Basin affected by sills, emphasizing the importance of metamorphic gas generation in the Siberian Traps. These results strengthen the hypothesis of a sub-volcanic trigger and driver for the environmental perturbations during the End-Permian crisis.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.