bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell–derived conditioned medium attenuate angiotensin II‐induced aortic aneurysm growth by modulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhou Yang‐zhao , Cheng Zhao , Wu Yin , Wu Qi‐ying , Liao Xiao‐bo , Zhao Yuan , Li Jian‐ming , Zhou Xin‐min , Fu Xian‐ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit therapeutic benefits on aortic aneurysm (AA); however, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of murine bone marrow MSC (BM‐MSCs)–derived conditioned medium (MSCs‐CM) on angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced AA in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Murine BM‐MSCs, MSCs‐CM or control medium were intravenously administrated into AngII‐induced AA in apoE−/− mice. Mice were sacrificed at 2 weeks after injection. BM‐MSCs and MSCs‐CM significantly attenuated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 expression, aortic elastin degradation and AA growth at the site of AA. These treatments with BM‐MSCs and MSCs‐CM also decreased Ly6chigh monocytes in peripheral blood on day 7 and M1 macrophage infiltration in AA tissues on day 14, whereas they increased M2 macrophages. In addition, BM‐MSCs and MSCs‐CM reduced MCP‐1, IL‐1Ra and IL‐6 expression and increased IL‐10 expression in AA tissues. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages were co‐cultured with BM‐MSCs or fibroblasts as control in a transwell system. The mRNA and protein expression of M2 macrophage markers were evaluated. IL‐6 and IL‐1β were reduced, while IL‐10 was increased in the BM‐MSC systems. The mRNA and protein expression of M2 markers were up‐regulated in the BM‐MSC systems. Furthermore, high concentration of IGF1, VEGF and TGF‐β1 was detected in MSCs‐CM. Our results suggest that MSCs‐CM could prevent AA growth potentially through regulating macrophage polarization. These results may provide a new insight into the mechanisms of BM‐MSCs in the therapy of AA.
Color stability of polymer‐infiltrated‐ceramics compared with lithium disilicate ceramics and composite
Authors: Seyidaliyeva Aida , Rues Stefan , Evagorou Zinonas , Hassel Alexander J. , Rammelsberg Peter , Zenthöfer Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the color stability of hybrid ceramics and to compare it to composite and lithium disilicate ceramics.Materials and MethodsOne hundred eighty samples were fabricated and processed with a semiautomatic grinding and polishing device (final step: 1200 grit). After thermocycling, samples were immersed in a staining solution (five subgroups: water, red wine, curry, black tea, cola) for 4 weeks. A spectroradiometer was used to determine the color of the samples in CIE L*a*b*. Color measurements were performed before staining (baseline, initial color), after thermocycling, after 2 and 4 week storage in staining solution and each after a two stage repolishing approach. Discoloration of specimens was calculated by means of ΔE00 compared to baseline values.ResultsAll factors (material, staining solution, aging stage) were significantly associated with the extent of discolorations (P < .001). Maximum color changes occurred after 28 days staining (EN: ΔE00 = 4.5 ± 4.0; GB: ΔE00 = 5.0 ± 4.5; LS: ΔE00 = 3.0 ± 2.3) clearly exceeding the 50:50 threshold for acceptable color deviations. Due to repolishing, discoloration of LS samples was almost completely eliminated (ΔE00 = 0.4 ± 0.3) and significantly reduced for the other two materials (EN: ΔE00 = 1.0 ± 0.9; GB: ΔE00 = 0.9 ± 0.4; P = .428).ConclusionDiscoloration of hybrid ceramics ranged in‐between lithium disilicate and composites, however more comparable to composites. Repolishing could reduce discolorations substantially.Clinical RelevanceThis study should help dental practitioners to estimate the color stability of common dental materials and the effect of polishing in removal of discolorations.
Contrasting Strategies: Human Eukaryotic Versus Bacterial Microbiome Research
Authors: Hooks Katarzyna B. , O'Malley Maureen A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost discussions of human microbiome research have focused on bacterial investigations and findings. Our target is to understand how human eukaryotic microbiome research is developing, its potential distinctiveness, and how problems can be addressed. We start with an overview of the entire eukaryotic microbiome literature (578 papers), show tendencies in the human‐based microbiome literature, and then compare the eukaryotic field to more developed human bacterial microbiome research. We are particularly concerned with problems of interpretation that are already apparent in human bacterial microbiome research (e.g. disease causality, probiotic interventions, evolutionary claims). We show where each field converges and diverges, and what this might mean for progress in human eukaryotic microbiome research. Our analysis then makes constructive suggestions for the future of the field.
Review of the cichlid genus Thysochromis (Teleostei: Ovalentaria) with the description of a new species from the Kouilou Province in the Republic of Congo, west–Central Africa
Authors: Walsh Gina , Lamboj Anton , Stiassny Melanie L.J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new species of the chromidotilapiine genus Thysochromis, is described from the Noumbi and Kouilou River drainages in the Republic of Congo. Based on the current investigation, Thysochromis is resolved as containing two geographically disjunct species, T. ansorgii from localities in the upper Guinean ichthyofaunal province (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria) and Thysochromis emili sp. nov. restricted to coastal regions of the Republic of Congo in the lower Guinean province.
Paternal Part‐Time Employment and Fathers' Long‐Term Involvement in Child Care and Housework
Authors: Bünning Mareike 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines whether paternal part‐time employment is related to greater involvement by fathers in child care and housework, both while fathers are working part‐time and after they return to full‐time employment.BackgroundThe study draws on four strands of theory—time availability, bargaining, gender ideology, and gender construction. It studies couples' division of labor in Germany, where policies increasingly support a dual‐earner, dual‐carer model.MethodThe study uses data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel from 1991 to 2015 on employed adult fathers living together with at least one child younger than age 17 and the mother. The analytic sample comprises 51,230 observations on 8,915 fathers. Fixed effects regression techniques are used to estimate the effect of (previous) part‐time employment on fathers' child‐care hours, housework hours, and share of child care and housework.ResultsFathers did more child care and housework while they worked part time. Yet, most fathers reverted to previous levels of involvement after returning to full‐time work. The only exception was fathers with partners in full‐time employment, who spent more time doing child care and took on a greater share of housework after part‐time employment than before.ConclusionThe findings are largely consistent with the time availability perspective, although the results for fathers with full‐time employed partners indicate that the relative resources and gender ideology perspectives have some explanatory power as well.
Screening and biological function of protein elicitor secreted from biocontrol agent Hhs.015
Authors: Yan Xia , Wu Liqing , He Dandan , Zhang Yanan , Guo Hongmei , Gao Xiaoning , Wang Nana , Huang Lili 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStrain Hhs.015, a PGPR strain well‐studied for biocontrol of apple Valsa canker, was isolated from cucumber roots and classified as a new species of Saccharothrix yanglingensis. Hhs.015 was able to colonize apple tissue culture seedlings and trigger disease resistance. According to the whole‐genome sequence of S. yanglingensis Hhs.015, its secreted proteins were predicted and analysed, which can help to find out Hhs.015 functional substances that are involved in inducing plant system resistance and also the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between Hhs.015 and the host plants. Using the software SignalP4.1, TMHMM2.0, DAS‐TMfilter, HMMTOP, ScanProsite, PSORT and big‐PI predictor, 7,379 ORFs of the genome of S. yanglingensis Hhs.015 were predicted and analysed. Moreover, the function of ORFs where the signal peptides come from was predicted by Swissprot database. The selected proteins were obtained by prokaryotic expression. Their effects in inducing plant resistance to the pathogen Valsa mali, resistance‐related enzyme activity and growth promotion analysis were evaluated. In total, 158 ORFs with known function, such as serine proteinase and transpeptidase, were identified; the remaining 142 ORFs were function‐unknown putative proteins. Five putative proteins were successfully obtained by prokaryotic expression, and the results showed that the protein named 5620g could enhance the plant disease resistance to the pathogen V. mali, inhibit the expansion of lesions and upregulate the defence‐related enzyme activity. The protein named 3176g could prolongate cucumber root. In conclusion, biocontrol strain Hhs.015 may secrete protein elicitors to improve plant resistance to the pathogenic microorganism and promote the growth of host plants.
Resurge gullies and “inverted sombrero” morphology, Flynn Creek impact structure, Tennessee
Authors: Adrian David R. , King David T. , Ormö Jens 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Flynn Creek impact structure is an approximately 3.8 km diameter, marine‐target impact structure, which is located in north central Tennessee,USA. The target stratigraphy consists of several hundreds of meters of Ordovician carbonate strata, specifically Knox Group through Catheys‐Leipers Formation. Like other, similarly sized marine‐target impact craters, Flynn Creek's crater moat‐filling deposits include, in stratigraphic order, gravity‐driven slump material, aqueous resurge deposits, and secular (postimpact) aqueous settling deposits. In the present study, we show that Flynn Creek also possesses previously undescribed erosional resurge gullies and an annular, sloping surface that comprises an outer crater rim surrounding an inner, nested bowl‐shaped crater, thus forming a concentric crater structure. Considering this morphology, the Flynn Creek impact structure has a crater shape that has been referred to at other craters as an “inverted sombrero.” In this paper, we describe the annular rim and the inner crater at Flynn Creek using geographic information system technology. We relate these geomorphic features to the marine environment of crater formation, and compare the Flynn Creek impact structure with other marine‐target impact structures having similar features.
Assessment of the human cutaneous microvasculature using optical coherence tomography: Proving Harvey’s proof
Authors: Argarini Raden , McLaughlin Robert A. , Naylor Louise H. , Carter Howard H. , Green Daniel J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWilliam Harvey proved the circulation of blood 400 years ago using a combination of ligature application and astute observation that presaged the existence of capillaries. Here we report findings, based on our development of a novel application of optical coherence tomography (OCT), that directly confirm the impact of cuff inflation on microvessels as small as ~30µm. By emulating Harvey's proofs, using cuff inflation at low pressure in the presence and absence of skin heating, we have imaged and quantified significant effects on microvascular diameter and density in humans in vivo. The application of cuff pressure significantly increased microvascular diameter (40.5 ± 4.6 vs 47.1 ± 3.9 µm, P = .01) and density (8.33 ± 4.3 vs 15.1 ± 4.9%, P < .01). These impacts were reversed by cuff deflation. Our study also showed the profound impacts of skin heating on microvessel diameter (46.7 ± 5.8 vs 70.6 ± 7.8 µm, P < .01) and density (14.2 ± 6.5 vs 43.2 ± 9%, P < .01) in vivo, which were further exacerbated by cuff inflation. Our approach to the direct visualization of the human skin microvasculature is non‐invasive, safe, and easily applied. Future experiments might be directed at questions of microvascular physiology and pathophysiology, such as how different mammals thermoregulate and what impacts cardiovascular disease and diabetes have on microvascular structure and function.
Towards coeliac‐safe bread
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Deng Yiting , Zhang Wei , Wu Yongrui , Messing Joachim 
Published: October 2019

SummaryGluten‐free foods cannot substitute for products made from wheat flour. When wheat products are digested, the remaining peptides can trigger an autoimmune disease in 1% of the North American and European population, called coeliac disease. Because wheat proteins are encoded by a large gene family, it has been impossible to use conventional breeding to select wheat varieties that are coeliac‐safe. However, one can test the properties of protein variants by expressing single genes in coeliac‐safe cereals like maize. One source of protein that can be considered as coeliac‐safe and has bread‐making properties is teff (Eragrostis tef), a grain consumed in Ethiopia. Here, we show that teff α‐globulin3 (Etglo3) forms storage vacuoles in maize that are morphologically similar to those of wheat. Using transmission electron microscopy, immunogold labelling shows that Etglo3 is almost exclusively deposited in the storage vacuole as electron‐dense aggregates. Of maize seed storage proteins, 27‐kDa γ‐zein is co‐deposited with Etglo3. Etglo3 polymerizes via intermolecular disulphide bonds in maize, similar to wheat HMW glutenins under non‐reducing conditions. Crossing maize Etglo3 transgenic lines with α‐, β‐ and γ‐zein RNA interference (RNAi) lines reveals that Etglo3 accumulation is only dramatically reduced in γ‐zein RNAi background. This suggests that Etglo3 and 27‐kDa γ‐zein together cause storage vacuole formation and behave similar to the interactions of glutenins and gliadins in wheat. Therefore, expression of teff α‐globulins in maize presents a major step in the development of a coeliac‐safe grain with bread‐making properties.
Evolutionary processes of melanomas from giant congenital melanocytic nevi
Authors: Lim Youngkyoung , Shin Hyun‐Tae , Choi YoungHwan , Lee Dong‐Youn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMelanoma can develop in a congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN). In fact, a large CMN is associated with a high risk of developing melanoma. Although melanomas arising from CMNs are thought to have a pathogenesis distinct from conventional melanomas, no studies have been conducted on the evolution or tumor heterogeneity of CMN melanomas. We applied multi‐region whole‐exome sequencing to investigate the clonal nature of driver events and evolutionary processes in CMNs and melanomas arising from CMNs. In two patients, we observed an independent subclonal evolution in cancerized fields of CMNs and chromosome 8q amplification in both melanomas arising from CMNs. The amplification of MYC, located in chromosome 8q, was correlated with the percentage of tumor cells expressing high levels of MYC protein detected in melanoma cells by immunohistochemistry. Our analysis suggests that each CMN cell may evolve sporadically and that amplification of MYC might be a key event for melanoma development in CMNs.
How do employees react to leaders’ unethical behavior? The role of moral disengagement
Authors: Fehr Ryan , Fulmer Ashley , Keng‐Highberger Fong T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConcerns over unethical leader behavior persist in today's workplace. Although some employees continue to support their leaders after learning of their unethical actions, others do not. In this paper, we integrate social cognitive theory with social information processing theory to propose that the support employees give to leaders who act unethically hinges on their propensity to morally disengage. Specifically, we develop a conditional indirect effects model, wherein moral disengagement propensity mitigates the negative impact of unethical leader behavior on leader‐directed support via employees’ perceptions of value congruence with and trust in the leader. The sum result is an improved understanding of when and why employees offer support to versus withhold support from leaders who act in ethically questionable ways.
Impact of Uncertainty Parameter Distribution on Robust Decision Making Outcomes for Climate Change Adaptation under Deep Uncertainty
Authors: Reis Julia , Shortridge Julie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeep uncertainty in future climatic and economic conditions complicates developing infrastructure designed to last several generations, such as water reservoirs. In response, analysts have developed multiple robust decision frameworks to help identify investments and policies that can withstand a wide range of future states. Although these frameworks are adept at supporting decisions where uncertainty cannot be represented probabilistically, analysts necessarily choose probabilistic bounds and distributions for uncertain variables to support exploratory modeling. The implications of these assumptions on the analytical outcomes of robust decision frameworks are rarely evaluated, and little guidance exists in terms of how to select uncertain variable distributions. Here, we evaluate the impact of these choices by following the robust decision‐making procedure, using four different assumptions about the probabilistic distribution of exogenous uncertainties in future climatic and economic states. We take a water reservoir system in Ethiopia as our case study, and sample climatic parameters from uniform, normal, extended uniform, and extended normal distributions; we similarly sample two economic parameters. We compute regret and satisficing robustness decision criteria for two performance measures, agricultural water demand coverage and net present value, and perform scenario discovery on the most robust reservoir alternative. We find lower robustness scores resulting from extended parameter distributions and demonstrate that parameter distributions can impact vulnerabilities identified through scenario discovery. Our results suggest that exploratory modeling within robust decision frameworks should sample from extended, uniform parameters distributions.
Empirically supporting school STEM culture—The creation and validation of the STEM Culture Assessment Tool (STEM‐CAT)
Authors: White Chris , Marshall Jeff C. , Alston Danny 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSchool STEM Culture—an aspect of culture within a school community—is defined as the beliefs, values, practices, and resources in STEM fields as perceived by students, parents, teachers, and administrators and counselors within a school. This study validates the STEM Culture Assessment Tool (STEM‐CAT), an instrument intended to advance the use of the School STEM Culture construct within the research community. Internal consistency was determined through the use of Cronbach's alpha and factor analyses, and the instrument was found to be a reliable measure of School STEM Culture. The instrument can be used in future research to quantify School STEM Culture to determine if interventions change the culture of a school to further STEM education.
Measuring the structural similarity of network time prisms using temporal signatures with graph indices
Authors: Jaegal Young , Miller Harvey J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe network‐time prism (NTP) is an extension of the space‐time prism that provides a realistic model of the potential pattern of moving objects in transportation networks. Measuring the similarity among NTPs can be useful for clustering, aggregating, and querying potential mobility patterns. Despite its practical importance, however, there has been little attention given to similarity measures for NTPs. In this research, we develop and evaluate a methodology for measuring the structural similarity between NTPs using the temporal signature approach. The approach extracts the one‐dimensional temporal signature of a selected property of NTPs and applies existing path similarity measures to the signatures. Graph‐theoretic indices play an essential role in summarizing the structural properties of NTPs at each moment. Two extensive simulation experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and compare the performance of graph indices for measuring NTP similarity. An empirical application using bike‐share system data shows that the method is useful for detecting different usage patterns of two heterogenous user groups.
Laurent phenomenon and simple modules of quiver Hecke algebras
Authors: Kashiwara Masaki , Kim Myungho 
Published: October 2019

In this paper we study consequences of the results of Kang et al. [Monoidal categorification of cluster algebras, J. Amer. Math. Soc.31(2018), 349–426] on a monoidal categorification of the unipotent quantum coordinate ring$A_{q}(\mathfrak{n}(w))$together with the Laurent phenomenon of cluster algebras. We show that if a simple module$S$in the category${\mathcal{C}}_{w}$strongly commutes with all the cluster variables in a cluster$[\mathscr{C}]$, then$[S]$is a cluster monomial in$[\mathscr{C}]$. If$S$strongly commutes with cluster variables except for exactly one cluster variable$[M_{k}]$, then$[S]$is either a cluster monomial in$[\mathscr{C}]$or a cluster monomial in$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{k}([\mathscr{C}])$. We give a new proof of the fact that the upper global basis is a common triangular basis (in the sense of Qin [Triangular bases in quantum cluster algebras and monoidal categorification conjectures, Duke Math.166(2017), 2337–2442]) of the localization$\widetilde{A}_{q}(\mathfrak{n}(w))$of$A_{q}(\mathfrak{n}(w))$at the frozen variables. A characterization on the commutativity of a simple module$S$with cluster variables in a cluster$[\mathscr{C}]$is given in terms of the denominator vector of$[S]$with respect to the cluster $[\mathscr{C}]$.