bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing diabetes mellitus in underserved subjects of Western China using a telemedicine system— A clinical trial
Authors: Li Ya , Ma Weiguo , Bai Jiao , Xie Chuanqing , Huo Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Internet and telephone-based telemedicine system managing on patients’ glycemic index, blood pressure, and lipid level control in underserved subjects with type 2 diabetes in Western China. Research designs and methods: In a 3 years, randomized, controlled, single-blind, parallel-group treat-to-target study, 412 subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to telemedicine (Tel; n =208) group and usual care (control; n =204) group. We evaluated the effects of the intervention on blood sugar, blood pressure, and lipid levels at 1, 2, 3 years point, and investigated the cause of the loss during follow-up by phone call.Results: Intra-group comparison: in the Tel group, the FBS, 2HPG, HbA1c, and SBP at 1, 2, 3 years and DBP, TC, TG, BMI at 2, 3 years were significantly decreased compared with baseline level (P<0.05). Moreover, the Tel group had an obvious better control of their HbA1c at 2 and 3 years and 2HPG at 3 years of follow-up respectively compared with the outcomes at 1 year (P<0.05).Inter-group comparison: the FBS, 2HPG, and HbA1c of Tel group decreased significantly from the baseline to the 1 year more than those of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). In this analysis, all clinical measures of Tel group had a significant downward compared with the outcomes of Control group at 2 years, the FBS, HbA1c and BMI (P<0.001), the 2HPG and SBP (P<0.01) and DBP, TC, and TG (P<0.05) were statistically significant respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the subject loss during follow-up was associated with worse diabetes management (OR=3.842), low income (OR=3.201), low education level (OR=0.923), and greater distance to the hospital (OR=0.921).Conclusions: The study results indicated that the telemedicine may be a useful tool for managing diabetes mellitus.
Application Analysis of Diabetes Health Education in Endocrinology Nursing
Authors: Tao Yu 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To explore the clinical value of applying diabetes health education to endocrinology care. Methods: A total of 122 patients with diabetes admitted to our department from October 2016 to October 2017 were selected. After consulting patients, they were randomly divided into two groups, with 61 cases in each group. The control group performs routine care, and the experimental group provides patients with diabetes-specific health education. After three months, the compliance of the two groups of patients was compared. The ADL scores of the two groups of patients before and after treatment were compared. Results: Experimental group had significantly higher compliance rate than control group in all aspects. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The ADL scores of both groups were significantly improved. The effects before and after the care were compared. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The score of experimental group increased more significantly than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: In the endocrinology care, the implementation of diabetes special health education for patients can improve patient compliance and improve patients' daily living ability, which is an ideal nursing measure. It is worth promoting.
Study of the effect of non-thermal plasma on the structural properties of pure Cadmium Oxide thin Films (CdO) prepared by Pulsed laser Deposition Technique ( PLD )
Authors: Hussein Ali Abdul Ameer , Ali Noor Hussain , Azara Hussain Saleem 
Published: July 2019

In this research, the preparation of pure ( CdO ) films on a glass substrate were conducted using a pulsed laser deposition method (PLD) . The deposition of the films was done at different times ( 5 , 10 , 15, 20 ) minutes at room temperature. The effect of non-thermal plasma on these prepared films in two exposure times of (30, 60) minutes was studied. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the prepared pure ( CdO) films showed that the films have a polycrystalline structure of cubic phase with preferred orientation (111). It was noted that the increase of deposition time of (Nd : YAG) laser, reduces the intensity of diffraction peaks at (111 ) , (200) , (220) . The results of (XRD) have also shown that when the prepared pure ( CdO ) films are exposed to the non-thermal plasma, their crystalline structure was not affected. The tests also showed that the increase of the exposure time to non-thermal plasma causes a decrease in the intensity of the diffraction peaks. The (AFM) tests also demonstrated that the changing in ( RMS ) of the surface roughness is irregular and it was found that the ( RMS ) increases by increasing the deposition time.
Study the Effect of Different Silicon Substrate Resistivities on the Photoluminescence Results
Authors: Hussein Numan Najwan 
Published: July 2019

The silicon-based electroluminescent devices are most commonly used in recent years, especially in optical equipment. The physical properties of the photoluminescence are investigated experimentally in this paper. The silicon substrate resistivity is tested the dependence of the photoluminescence of porous. The formation current density of p-type and highly doped p-type silicon are studied. It is found that using 40 mA/cm2 as a formation current density produced a large number of contributing nanocrystals. The applied low current caused a weak photoluminescence intensity, and the increasing of the formation current density led to increasing the contributing nano crystallizes. For the optimum case with smaller nanocrystallite sizes, the photoluminescence intensity decreased by the fast etching process, and the high current density produced a small number of nanocrystalline sizes and very weak photoluminescence. The higher resistivity doesn’t give a higher intensity and better results in photoluminesces of used porous silicon.
Study the optical and structure properties of CdTe nanoparticles prepared by pulsing laser ablation in distilled water
Authors: S. Alnaily Raad , L. Sheqnab Murtadha 
Published: July 2019

In this paper, an easy and effective method to preparation of cadmium telluride nanoparticles with high purity and concentrations have been presented. CdTe nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in distilled water using Q-switched Nd-YAG laser at (100 mj, 1064 nm, 10ns, 6Hz) and with various laser pulses. The absorption spectra of the CdTe nanoparticles were measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and found to be affected by the concentration of nanoparticles according to the number of applied laser pulses. Formation of the pure CdTe nanoparticles is confirmed using AFM image analysis whose showed that generated CdTe nanoparticles were a spherical shape whit average size in nanoscale. The structural and morphology properties of these nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM micrograph. Finally, the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)was employed for the elemental analysis and chemical characterization of a prepared sample, it confirmed that prepared samples was high purity and presence of Cd and Te with high ratio.
Calculation of Stopping Power for Protons, Carbon and Oxygen Ions in C2H4O, C3H3N Polymers
Authors: Hussein mutar Zainab , Owaid Kadhim Rashid 
Published: July 2019

In this research, the electronic stopping power was calculated using Bethe and Bragg rule equations for the protons, carbon and oxygen ions in the polymers (C3H3N ,C2H4O) in the energy range of (0.01-1000) MeV. The equations were programmed using MATLAB 2016, the calculations were compared with the experimental data of the SRIM2013program and PSTAR code. This comparison showed a good agreement with experimental data. As shown results that stopping power calculated according to Bethe equation in this polymers (C3H3N ,C2H4O) get the case a cut off in energies (0.01-8) MeV for carbon and oxygen ions.
Electrical characterization of thermoelectric generators based on p-type Yb0.6Co4Sb12 and n-type Fe2.0Co2.0Sb12 thermoelectric materials
Authors: Kadhim Salman Mustafa , Hmood Abd Alkadhim Arshad 
Published: July 2019

In this study, thermoelectric power generation (TEPG) device (D) was fabricated. The device based on p-Yb0.6Co4Sb12 and n-Fe2.0Co2.0Sb12, fabricated by using the solid state microwave. 8-couples of legs connected and attached to alumina substrates by Ag paste–Cu plate–Ag paste electrodes, with dimensions of 25 mm by 25 mm were used to fabricate the device. The maximum output power (Pmax) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) was estimated based on the temperature difference (∆T) of 210 K and the hot-side temperature (TH) of 603 K for the module. We found the obtained open-circuit voltage (Voc) was 18.046 mV and the maximum output power (Pmax) was 12.732 μW.
X-band Region Characterization of Neoprene Rubber Reinforced Cd-Zn Ferrite Composite Material
Authors: A’aid Najim Firas , Adel Hussien Wissam 
Published: July 2019

The compound was prepared from (ZnFe2O4) and (CdFe2O4) The process of mixing the ferrite compounds was done according to the formula (CdxZn1-xFe2O4), The resulted compound was (Cd0.7Zn0.3 Fe2O4). The compounds (ZnFe2O4) and (CdFe2O4) were prepared by Co-Precipitation method because this method gives a good homogeneity to the powder particles. XRD and FE-SEM were performed, the results showed that ferrites had a phase-shaped cube and an increase in the concentration of cadmium in the (CdxZn1-x Fe2O4) compound .This result showed an increase in the lattice constant, the rate of crystalline size and the distance between the crystalline surfaces, due to the fact that the ionic radius of the cadmium is greater than the ionic diameter of the zinc, which is (0.83 A°).The images of the electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed an increase in particle size with an increase of concentration of cadmium ferrite in relation to the compound (CdxZn1-x Fe2O4),The components of the ferrite structures prepared by EDS technique were verified, where the ferrite compound (Cd0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4) mixed with the Neoprene (Chloroprene Rubber) (CR) according to weight ratio of (3,6 g) of ferrite, after the process of forming rubber paste. The VNA was investigated for (8-12 GHz). It was observed that the reflection coefficient was reduced by increasing the fraction of ferrite to (6g) and obtain highly absorbent materials .Where the material behavior varies according to the frequency, as well as the concentration ratio in the ferrite and the quantity of the ferrite with Chloroprene rubber (CR).The Permeability of (Cd0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4) was calculated as a function of frequency.The real part of the amplitude showed the amount of energy from the external electric field stored in the material.
Evaluation of boron concentration in water samples of Al-Diwaniya Governorate (in Iraq) using ICP/OES Techniques
Authors: A. Sweaf Abbas , M. Salman Thaer 
Published: July 2019

Boron is none uniformly distributed, ubiquitous essential micronutrient element for the plant as well as human beings. The aim of this study is to measure the Boron, 10B5, concentration in water in Al-Diwaniya governorate (in Iraq). The measurements were performed by analyzing the water samples collected from 24 location using ICP/OES technique. The Boron concentration which is obtained ranged from 0.45ppm in (Al-dighara 4) to1.87ppm in (alhamza 6) in water. The present results are compared with other studies. The results could be utilized to make distinctive supplementary contributions when contamination event occurs and to implement water quality standards by concerned authorities to maintain radioactive contamination-free water samples which are needing for the people. The study further reveals that 24 surface water samples have boron more than the detection limit.
Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a 5-year single-center experience
Authors: Sinai Alon , Nassar Maria , Eran Ayelet , Constantinescu Marius , Zaaroor Menashe , Sprecher Elliot , Schlesinger Ilana 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVEThe authors report their experience in treating patients suffering from medication-resistant essential tremor (ET) with MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy over a 5-year period.METHODSForty-four ET patients treated with unilateral MRgFUS ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) thalamotomy were assessed using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) score and the Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST) over a 5-year span.RESULTSTremor was significantly improved immediately following MRgFUS in all patients and ceased completely in 24 patients. CRST scores in the treated hand at baseline (median 19; range 7–32, 44 patients) improved by a median of 16 at 1 month (44 patients; p < 0.0001), 17 at 6 months (31 patients; p < 0.0001), 15 at 1 year (24 patients; p < 0.0001), 18 at 2 years (15 patients; p < 0.0001), 19 at 3 years, (10 patients; p < 0.0001), 21 at 4 years (6 patients; p < 0.01), and 23 at 5 years (2 patients, significance not tested). Return of tremor that impacted activities of daily living was reported in 5 patients (11%). QUEST scores showed significant improvement, with median change of 35 points (p < 0.0001; 44 patients) at 1 month, 33 (p < 0.0001; 31 patients) at 6 months, 27 (p < 0.0001; 24 patients) at 1 year, 26 (p < 0.001; 15 patients) at 2 years, 25 (p < 0.001; 10 patients) at 3 years, 33 (p < 0.001; 6 patients) at 4 years, and 28 (significance not tested, 2 patients) at 5 years. Adverse events after the procedure were reversible in all but 5 patients (11%).CONCLUSIONSMRgFUS thalamotomy for ET is an effective and safe procedure that provides long-term tremor relief and improvement in quality of life even in patients with medication-resistant disabling tremor. Additional studies with a larger group of patients is needed to substantiate these favorable results.
Impact of cochlear modiolus dose on hearing preservation following stereotactic radiosurgery for non–vestibular schwannoma neoplasms of the lateral skull base: a cohort study
Authors: Carlstrom Lucas P. , Jacob Jeffrey T. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Perry Avital , Oldenburg Michael S. , Foote Robert L. , Pollock Bruce E. , Driscoll Colin L. , Carlson Matthew L. , Link Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVERadiation dose to the cochlea has been proposed as a key prognostic factor in hearing preservation following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for vestibular schwannoma (VS). However, understanding of the predictive value of cochlear dose on hearing outcomes following SRS for patients with non-VS tumors of the lateral skull base (LSB) is incomplete. The authors investigated rates of hearing loss following high-dose SRS in patients with LSB non-VS lesions compared with patients with VS.METHODSPatients with LSB meningioma or jugular paraganglioma and serviceable pretreatment hearing who underwent SRS treatment during 2007–2016 and received a modiolus dose > 5 Gy were included in a retrospective cohort study, along with a similarly identified control group of consecutive patients with sporadic VS.RESULTSSixteen patients with non-VS tumors and a control group of 43 patients with VS met study criteria. Serviceable hearing, defined as American Academy of Otololaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery class A/B, was maintained in 13 non-VS versus 23 VS patients (81% vs 56%, p = 0.07). All 3 instances of hearing loss in non-VS patients were observed in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas. Non-VS with preserved hearing had a median modiolus dose of 6.9 Gy (range 5.7–19.2 Gy), versus 7.4 Gy (range 5.4–7.6 Gy) in those patients with post-SRS hearing loss (p = 0.53). Sporadic VS patients received an overall median modiolus point-dose of 6.8 Gy (range 5.4–11.7 Gy).CONCLUSIONSThe modiolus dose threshold of 5 Gy does not predict hearing loss in patients with non-VS tumors undergoing SRS, suggesting that dosimetric parameters derived from VS may not be applicable to this population. Differential rates of hearing loss appear to vary by pathology, with paragangliomas and petroclival meningiomas demonstrating decreased risk of hearing loss compared to CPA meningiomas that may directly compress the cochlear nerve similarly to VS.
Antithrombotic agents and traumatic brain injury in the elderly population: hemorrhage patterns and outcomes
Authors: Scotti Pasquale , Séguin Chantal , Lo Benjamin W. Y. , de Guise Elaine , Troquet Jean-Marc , Marcoux Judith 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVEAmong the elderly, use of antithrombotics (ATs), antiplatelets (APs; aspirin, clopidogrel), and/or anticoagulants (ACs; warfarin, direct oral ACs [DOACs; dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban]) to prevent thromboembolic events must be carefully weighed against the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) with trauma. The goal of this study was to assess the risk of sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI), ICH, and poorer outcomes in relation to AT use among all patients 65 years or older presenting to a single institution with head trauma.METHODSData were collected from all head trauma patients 65 years or older presenting to the authors’ supraregional tertiary trauma center over a 24-month period and included age, sex, injury mechanism, medical history, international normalized ratio, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, ICH presence and type, hospital admission, reversal therapy, surgery, discharge destination, Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) score at discharge, and mortality.RESULTSA total of 1365 head trauma patients 65 years or older were included; 724 were on AT therapy (413 on APs, 151 on ACs, 59 on DOACs, 48 on 2 APs, 38 on AP+AC, and 15 on AP+DOAC) and 641 were not. Among all head trauma patients, the risk of sustaining a TBI was associated with AP use after adjusting for covariates. Of the 731 TBI patients, those using ATs had higher rates of ICH (p <0.0001), functional dependency at discharge (GOSE score ≤ 4; p < 0.0001), and mortality (p < 0.0001). Elevated rates of ICH progression on follow-up CT scanning were observed in patients in the warfarin monotherapy (OR 5.30, p < 0.0001) and warfarin + AP (OR 6.15, p = 0.0011). Risk of mortality was not associated with single antiplatelet use but was notably high with 2 APs (OR 4.66, p = 0.0056), warfarin (OR 5.18, p = 0.0003), and DOAC use (OR 5.09, p = 0.0149).CONCLUSIONSElderly trauma patients on ATs, especially combination therapy, are at elevated risk of ICH and poor outcomes compared with those not on AT therapy. While both AP and warfarin use alone and in combination were associated with significantly elevated odds of sustaining an ICH among TBI patients, only warfarin use was a predictor of hemorrhage progression on follow-up scans. The use of a single AP was not associated with mortality; however, the combination of both aspirin and clopidogrel was. Warfarin and DOAC users had comparable mortality rates; however, DOAC users had lower rates of ICH progression, and fewer survivors were functionally dependent at discharge than were warfarin users. DOACs are an overall safer alternative to warfarin for patients at high risk of falls.
A 360° electronic device for recording high-resolution intraoperative electrocorticography of the brain during awake craniotomy
Authors: ReFaey Karim , Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Feyissa Anteneh M. , Vivas-Buitrago Tito , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Middlebrooks Erik H. , McKay Jake H. , Lankford David J. , Tripathi Shashwat , Bojaxhi Elird , Roth Grayson E. , Tatum William O. , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVEEpilepsy is common among patients with supratentorial brain tumors; approximately 40%–70% of patients with glioma develop brain tumor–related epilepsy (BTRE). Intraoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone during surgical tumor resection (real-time data) may improve intervention techniques in patients with lesional epilepsy, including BTRE. Accurate localization of the epileptogenic signals requires electrodes with high-density spatial organization that must be placed on the cortical surface during surgery. The authors investigated a 360° high-density ring-shaped cortical electrode assembly device, called the “circular grid,” that allows for simultaneous tumor resection and real-time electrophysiology data recording from the brain surface.METHODSThe authors collected data from 99 patients who underwent awake craniotomy from January 2008 to December 2018 (29 patients with the circular grid and 70 patients with strip electrodes), of whom 50 patients were matched-pair analyzed (25 patients with the circular grid and 25 patients with strip electrodes). Multiple variables were then retrospectively assessed to determine if utilization of this device provides more accurate real-time data and improves patient outcomes.RESULTSMatched-pair analysis showed higher extent of resection (p = 0.03) and a shorter transient motor recovery period during the hospitalization course (by approximately 6.6 days, p ≤ 0.05) in the circular grid patients. Postoperative versus preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score difference/drop was greater for the strip electrode patients (p = 0.007). No significant difference in postoperative seizures between the 2 groups was present (p = 0.80).CONCLUSIONSThe circular grid is a safe, feasible tool that grants direct access to the cortical surgical surface for tissue resection while simultaneously monitoring electrical activity. Application of the circular grid to different brain pathologies may improve intraoperative epileptogenic detection accuracy and functional outcomes, while decreasing postoperative complications.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for the treatment of Nelson’s syndrome: a multicenter, international study
Authors: Cordeiro Diogo , Xu Zhiyuan , Li Chelsea E. , Iorio-Morin Christian , Mathieu David , Sisterson Nathaniel D. , Kano Hideyuki , Attuati Luca , Picozzi Piero , Sheehan Kimball A. , Lee Cheng-chia , Liscak Roman , Jezkova Jana , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVENelson’s syndrome is a rare and challenging neuroendocrine disorder, and it is associated with elevated adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) level, skin hyperpigmentation, and pituitary adenoma growth. Management options including resection and medical therapy are traditional approaches. Ionizing radiation in the form of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is also being utilized to treat Nelson’s syndrome. In the current study the authors sought to better define the therapeutic role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in Nelson’s syndrome.METHODSStudy patients with Nelson’s syndrome were treated with single-fraction GKRS (median margin dose of 25 Gy) at 6 different centers as part of an International Radiosurgery Research Foundation (IRRF) investigation. Data including neurological function, endocrine response, and radiological tumor response were collected and sent to the study-coordinating center for review. Fifty-one patients with median endocrine and radiological follow-ups of 91 and 80.5 months from GKRS, respectively, were analyzed for endocrine remission, tumor control, and neurological outcome. Statistical methods were used to identify prognostic factors for these endpoints.RESULTSAt last follow-up, radiological tumor control was achieved in 92.15% of patients. Endocrine remission off medical management and reduction in pre-SRS ACTH level were achieved in 29.4% and 62.7% of patients, respectively. Improved remission rates were associated with a shorter time interval between resection and GKRS (p = 0.039). Hypopituitarism was seen in 21.6% and new visual deficits were demonstrated in 15.7% of patients.CONCLUSIONSGKRS affords a high rate of pituitary adenoma control and improvement in ACTH level for the majority of Nelson’s syndrome patients. Hypopituitarism is the most common adverse effect from GKRS in Nelson’s syndrome patients and warrants longitudinal follow-up for detection and endocrine replacement.