bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Label‐free spectroscopic tissue characterization using fluorescence excitation‐scanning spectral imaging
Authors: Favreau Peter F. , Deal Joshua A. , Harris Bradley , Weber David S. , Rich Thomas C. , Leavesley Silas J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpectral imaging approaches provide new possibilities for measuring and discriminating fluorescent molecules in living cells and tissues. These approaches often employ tunable filters and robust image processing algorithms to identify many fluorescent labels in a single image set. Here, we present results from a novel spectral imaging technology that scans the fluorescence excitation spectrum, demonstrating that excitation‐scanning hyperspectral image data can discriminate among tissue types and estimate the molecular composition of tissues. This approach allows fast, accurate quantification of many fluorescent species from multivariate image data without the need of exogenous labels or dyes. We evaluated the ability of the excitation‐scanning approach to identify endogenous fluorescence signatures in multiple unlabeled tissue types. Signatures were screened using multi‐pass principal component analysis. Endmember extraction techniques revealed conserved autofluorescent signatures across multiple tissue types. We further examined the ability to detect known molecular signatures by constructing spectral libraries of common endogenous fluorophores and applying multiple spectral analysis techniques on test images from lung, liver and kidney. Spectral deconvolution revealed structure‐specific morphologic contrast generated from pure molecule signatures. These results demonstrate that excitation‐scanning spectral imaging, coupled with spectral imaging processing techniques, provides an approach for discriminating among tissue types and assessing the molecular composition of tissues. Additionally, excitation scanning offers the ability to rapidly screen molecular markers across a range of tissues without using fluorescent labels. This approach lays the groundwork for translation of excitation‐scanning technologies to clinical imaging platforms.
The role of glucose homeostasis on immune function in response to exercise: The impact of low or higher energetic conditions
Authors: Von Ah Morano Ana E. , Dorneles Gilson P. , Peres Alessandra , Lira Fábio S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImmune cells are bioenergetically expensive during activation, which requires tightly regulated control of metabolic pathways. Both low and high glycemic conditions can modulate immune function. States of undernourishment depress the immune system, and in the same way, excessive intake of nutrients, such as an obesity state, compromise its functioning. Multicellular organisms depend on two mechanisms to survive: the regulation and ability to store energy to prevent starvation and the ability to fight against infection. Synergic interactions between metabolism and immunity affect many systems underpinning human health. In a chronic way, the breakdown of glycemic homeostasis in the body can influence cells of the immune system and consequently contribute to the onset of diseases such as type II diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's, and fat and lean mass loss. On the contrary, exercise, recognized as a primary strategy to control hyperglycemic disorders, also induces a coordinated immune‐neuro‐endocrine response that acutely modulates cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscle functions and the immune response to exercise is widely dependent on the intensity and volume that may affect an immunodepressive state. These altered immune responses induced by exercise are modulated through the “stress hormones” adrenaline and cortisol, which are a threat to leukocyte metabolism. In this context, carbohydrates appear to have a positive acute response as a strategy to prevent depression of the immune system by maintaining plasma glucose concentrations to meet the energy demand from all systems involved during strenuous exercises. Therefore, herein, we discuss the mechanisms through which exercise may promotes changes on glycemic homeostasis in the metabolism and how it affects immune cell functions under higher or lower glucose conditions.
Effect of sodium hypochlorite on the cyclic fatigue resistance: A scanning electron microscopy evaluation
Authors: Ertuğrul İhsan F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of the three different nickel–titanium files in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water at physiologic intracanal temperature (35°C). Three NiTi files such as One Curve (OC) (Micro‐Mega, Besancon, France), OneShape (OS) (Micro‐Mega), and Protaper Next (PTN) X2 (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance inside artificial stainless steel canal block with curvature 60° and 5 mm radius. The block was fixed inside a hot water bath of distilled water or 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and the temperature was set at 35 ± 1°C. The number of cycles to fracture data were recorded and all the fracture surfaces of files were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy. The number of cyclic to fracture data were analyzed statistically via Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. OC showed the highest cyclic fatigue resistance at distilled water while PTN X2 showed the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance at 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. When cycling fatigue test medium were changed from distilled water to sodium hypochlorite solution, the resistance of the files to cyclic fatigue were decreased. SEM analysis confirmed that all scanned samples were fractured due to cyclic fatigue. The OC rotary instruments have more cyclic resistance than OS and PTN X2. The sodium hypochlorite solution reduces the resistance of the rotary instruments.
The class of (P7,C4,C5)‐free graphs: Decomposition, algorithms, and χ‐boundedness
Authors: Cameron Kathie , Huang Shenwei , Penev Irena , Sivaraman Vaidy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs usual, () denotes the path on vertices, and () denotes the cycle on vertices. For a family of graphs, we say that a graph is ‐free if no induced subgraph of is isomorphic to any graph in . We present a decomposition theorem for the class of ‐free graphs; in fact, we give a complete structural characterization of ‐free graphs that do not admit a clique‐cutset. We use this decomposition theorem to show that the class of ‐free graphs is ‐bounded by a linear function (more precisely, every ‐free graph satisfies ). We also use the decomposition theorem to construct an algorithm for the minimum coloring problem, an algorithm for the maximum weight stable set problem, and an algorithm for the maximum weight clique problem for this class, where denotes the number of vertices and the number of edges of the input graph.
On the statistical analysis of rainstorm events between historical (1777–1907) and modern (1961–2010) periods in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Jun Changhyun , Qin Xiaosheng , Tung Yeou‐Koung , De Michele Carlo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, an event‐based approach for developing precipitation indices of extreme hydrological events was proposed to analyse characteristics of rainstorm events over long‐term periods. Statistical properties of hourly rainfall data were summarized from the retrieved rainstorm events between historical (1777–1907) and modern (1961–2010) periods at Seoul rain gauge station, Korea. The trends and variations of rainstorm events reflecting rainfall depth/duration/intensity thresholds and annual maximum rainstorm events with the largest rainfall depths in these two periods were analysed and compared. The study results indicated that, at a 5% significance level, there were differences in the means and variances of the number of rainstorm events and the average rainfall depth/intensity per storm. For the historical period, the average rainfall depth, duration and intensity per storm with total rainfall durations had a temporal linear trend with slopes of 0.011 mm year−1, 0.027 hr year−1, and −0.009 mm hr−1 year−1, respectively; whereas, a general decreasing trend was detected during the modern period with slopes of −0.218 mm year−1, −0.076 hr year−1, and − 0.010 mm hr−1 year−1, respectively. In terms of annual maximum rainfall depth, no significant temporal trend was found in the historical period but an increasing trend (with a slope of 0.710 mm year−1) was detected for the modern period. This study was the first attempt to investigate the variability of rainfall characteristics in Seoul, Korea with high‐resolution historical data dating back to almost 250 years ago, using a storm‐event‐based concept which defined precipitation indices with a holistic consideration of the number of events and their rainfall depth, duration, and intensity.
How a river submerges into the sea: a geological record of changing a fluvial to a marine paleoenvironment during early Holocene sea level rise
Authors: HEPP D.A. , ROMERO O.E. , MÖRZ T. , DE POL‐HOLZ R. , HEBBELN D. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCoastal seas, and in particular estuarine systems, were significantly affected by Quaternary sea level changes. Furthermore, the dynamics of shelf and coastal evolution have had a strong impact on coastal landscapes inhabited by humans. The postglacial evolution of the vast North Sea shelf with its huge drainage systems, e.g. the Elbe Paleovalley and its tributary system, is an excellent research target to understand how coastal shelf environments change in response to sea level rise. In this study, we investigate infill sediments of the Paleo‐Ems valley – a drowned extension of the modern Ems River and part of the Elbe Paleovalley drainage system. Radiocarbon‐dated transgression sequences provide several new observations regarding the mode and rate of the river system submerging due to the Holocene transgression. Thus, the Paleo‐Ems valley submerged within a short time span of~200 years since the river was not able to adjust its gradient to the rapid rising sea level. The fate of the Paleo‐Ems is exemplary for the rapid change of a former fluvial landscape into a coastal landscape and finally into a submarine seascape. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of Quaternary SciencePublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Liquid chromatographic determination of trace levels of nitrophenols in water samples after dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction
Authors: Sohaniyan Maryam , Manoochehri Mahboobeh , Daghighi Asli Maryam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn efficient and fast dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction method was developed using MIL‐101(Cr)/poly (mercaptobenzothiazole)@magnetite nanoparticles for the preconcentration and determination of nitrophenols in river and rain water samples. High‐performance liquid chromatography‐Ultraviolet instrument was applied for the analysis of target nitrophenols. The effect of several variables on the extraction performance was explored via design of experiment approach. Limits of detection and linear dynamic ranges were attained in the range of 0.05–0.10 µg/L and 0.2–250 µg/L, respectively. The enrichment factors were in the range of 317–363. The precision (n = 3) of dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction method was in the range of 5.3–6.8%. Eventually, the method was utilized for the analysis of target nitrophenols in river and rain water samples.
Elevated Troponin: A Marker for Noncardiac Complications After Resection of Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: McHugh Tobial , Zhang Han , Xie Michael , Gupta Michael K. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo examine if troponin positivity (TP) in patients who undergo head and neck cancer mucosal resections (HNS) predicts noncardiac complications (NCC).BackgroundMajor HNSs are arduous operations that place stress on the patient's hemodynamic system. TP after noncardiac surgery previously has been shown in up to 25% of patients, which may signal cardiac complications (CC) or NCC. Although CC after HNS has been observed, no study has investigated the relationship of TP to NCC.MethodsAll patients who underwent HNS at a tertiary‐care cancer center from July 2014 to July 2016 were included and underwent postoperative troponin measurements as part of an institutional cardiac protocol. Comparative and multivariate regression analysis were used to compare TP and troponin‐negative (TN) patients for NCC.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐two patients underwent HNS. Of those, 15% developed TP during the postoperative period. There was no significant difference between TP and TN for gender, tumor‐node‐metastasis staging, Charlson comorbidity index, and smoking status. Risk of NCC in TP was 73.1% versus 28.1% in TN (P < 0.001). A significant difference (P < 0.05) in wound complications, length of hospital stay (LOHS), and incidence of pneumonia was found between both groups. Nonparametric testing confirmed significant difference in pneumonia (Z = −3.469, P = 0.001) and LOHS (−3.110, P = 0.002). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed a significant difference in LOHS independent of CC (R2 = 0.122, P < 0.0001).ConclusionTP is not an uncommon occurrence after HNS and is associated with statistically significant increases in wound complications, LOHS, and pneumonia. However, the overall significance of these findings remains unclear, and further research is warranted to determine if outcomes may be improved by closely monitoring these patients for TP.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2148–2152, 2020
Developing pathways to clarify pathogenicity of unclassified variants in Osteogenesis Imperfecta genetic analysis
Authors: Balasubramanian Meena , Hobson Emma , Skae Mars , McCaughey Janine , Stephens David J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith increased access to genetic testing, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) where pathogenicity is uncertain are being increasingly identified. More than 85% Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) patients have pathogenic variants in COL1A1/A2. However, when a VUS is identified, there are no pathways in place for determining significance.ObjectiveDefine a diagnostic pathway to confirm pathogenicity, providing patients with definitive genetic diagnosis, accurate recurrence risks, and prenatal testing options.MethodsFunctional studies on collagen secretion from cultured patient fibroblasts combined with detailed phenotyping and segregation family studies.ResultsWe demonstrate data from a family with a VUS identified in type I collagen.Family‐1Six‐year‐old boy with failure‐to‐gain weight, talipes, fractures, on and off treatment with Pamidronate as diagnosis of OI uncertain. Transiliac bone biopsy at 2 years of age demonstrated active new bone formation within periosteum; bone cortices were normal thickness but increased porosity. Trabecular bone showed features of advanced osteoporosis. Genetic testing identified a de novo COL1A1 c.206_208delTGT, p.Leu69del variant. Sibling with similar phenotype but no fractures as yet, tested positive for variant raising concerns regarding her diagnosis, and management.Results from three independent experiments (cell immunofluorescence, collagen secretion assay by Western Blot, and unbiased proteomics) from cultured patient fibroblasts demonstrate COL1A1 c.206_208delTGT, p.Leu69del variant causing a substantial defect to collagen extracellular matrix assembly confirming variant pathogenicity.ConclusionAccess to genetic testing in OI is increasing as advances in genetic technologies decreases cost; a clinical diagnostic pathway needs to be implemented for managing variants identified by such testing.
Malan syndrome in a patient with 19p13.2p13.12 deletion encompassing NFIX and CACNA1A genes: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bellucco Fernanda T. , de Mello Claudia B. , Meloni Vera A. , Melaragno Maria Isabel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalan syndrome is a recently introduced overgrowth disorder described in a limited number of individuals. Haploinsufficiency and also point mutations of NFIX gene have been proposed as its leading causative mechanism, however, due to the limited number of cases and different deletion sizes, genotype/phenotype correlations are still limited.MethodsHere, we report the first Brazilian case of Malan syndrome caused by a 990 kb deletion in 19p13.2p13.12, focusing on clinical and behavioral aspects of the syndrome.ResultsThe patient presented with macrocephaly, facial dysmorphisms, hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate thoracolumbar scoliosis, and seizures. The intellectual and behavioral assessments showed severe cognitive, language, and adaptive functions impairments. The 19p deleted region of our patient encompasses NFIX, CACNA1A, which seems to be related to a higher frequency of seizures among individuals with microdeletions in 19p13.2, and 15 other coding genes, including CC2D1A and NACC1, both known to be involved in neurobiological process and pathways.ConclusionDeletions involving NFIX gene should be considered in patients with overgrowth during childhood, macrocephaly, developmental delay, and seizures, as well as severe intellectual disability.
Integrated Analys of High‐Fat Challenge‐Induced Changes in Blood Cell Whole‐Genome Gene Expression
Authors: Matualatupauw Juri C. , O'Grada Colm , Hughes Maria F. , Roche Helen M. , Afman Lydia A. , Bouwman Jildau 
Published: October 2019

ScopeSeveral studies have examined the whole‐genome gene expression response in blood cells to high‐fat challenges with differing results. The study aims to identify consistently up‐ or downregulated genes and pathways in response to a high‐fat challenge using several integration methods.Methods and resultsThree studies measuring the gene expression response to a high‐fat challenge in white blood cells are evaluated for common trends using several integration methods. Overlap in differentially expressed genes between separate studies is examined, p‐values of each separate study are combined, and data are analyzed as one merged dataset. Differentially expressed genes and pathways are compared between these methods. Selecting genes differentially expressed in the three separate studies result in 67 differentially expressed genes, primarily involved in circadian pathways. Using the Fishers p‐value method and a merged dataset analysis, changes in 1097 and 1182 genes, respectively, are observed. The upregulated genes upon a high‐fat challenge are related to inflammation, whereas downregulated genes are related to unfolded protein response, protein processing, cholesterol biosynthesis, and translation.ConclusionA general gene expression response to a high‐fat challenge is identified. Compared to separate analyses, integrated analysis provides added value for the discovery of a consistent gene expression response.
Multislot type ultra‐wideband electromagnetic bandgap structure for simultaneous switching noise mitigation
Authors: Choi Jun‐Ho , Kwon Ho‐Sang , Yang Jin‐Mo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA compact and cost effective multislot type electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure for high noise isolation in ultra‐wideband applications is proposed. The proposed multislot type structure is a hybrid EBG structure with multislot in an alternating impedance EBG unit cell to achieve both the excellent noise isolation and the bandwidth improvement of the noise suppression. This type of the hybrid structure shows a high noise suppression ability of above −40 dB in an ultra‐wideband stop frequency range from 3 to 20 GHz. The performance of the proposed multislot type EBG structure is evaluated and verified by comparing the simulated and measured results.
Equivalent short forms of the Situational Feature Recognition Test 2: Psychometric properties and analysis of interform equivalence and test–retest reliability
Authors: Gómez‐Gastiasoro Ainara , Peña Javier , Zubiaurre‐Elorza Leire , Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa , Ojeda Natalia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo obtain two equivalent short forms of the “Situational Feature Recognition Test, Version 2,” a social perception test, and their psychometric properties.MethodsPatients with schizophrenia (n = 101) were assessed at two different times. Statistical analyses were performed as follows: (1) Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability; (2) Spearman correlations, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and a 2 (form) × 2 (time) repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyse interform equivalence; (3) Sensitivity to change was studied by a 2 (group) × 2 (time) repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance; (4) Spearman correlations were employed to assess test–retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and relationship with functionality and symptoms.ResultsThe short forms showed good internal consistency at both times. Significant and moderate correlation between forms was found along with no statistically significant form x time interaction. Hits and false positives of both forms were moderately correlated at both times. Group x time interaction was significant especially for hits when assessing sensitivity to change. Both forms were significantly correlated with other social cognition domains and with functionality.ConclusionsResults of this study support the use of short forms of the Situational Feature Recognition Test, Version 2 especially in clinical trials and longitudinal studies among patients with schizophrenia.
RNF4—A Paradigm for SUMOylation‐Mediated Ubiquitination
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Sabapathy Kanaga 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCovalent modifications by Small Ubiquitin‐like MOdifier (SUMO) and ubiquitin conjugation are now recognized as independent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) employed by cells to reversibly regulate cellular signaling. SUMOylation in particular has emerged as a crucial cellular mechanism involved in multiple pathologies, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, immunological and neurological disorders, as well as aging. Convergence of these two PTMs result in the ubiquitination of SUMOylated proteins, adding complexity in the modulation of protein functions. The SUMO‐Targeted Ubiquitin Ligases (STUbL) mediate this process, and RNF4, the mammalian STUbL, has been at the forefront in the understanding of this phenomenon. It has been shown to play important roles in a variety of cellular events, ranging from the maintenance of genomic integrity and hence, oncogenesis, to a role in development. Recent identification of direct and indirect RNF4 targets has revealed that the SUMOylation machinery is in itself targeted by RNF4, highlighting the complex nature of the signaling circuitry tightly regulating these processes. This review will touch upon both SUMOylation and ubiquitination, and will focus on how RNF4, which is at the heart of both these PTMs, modulates cellular signaling and promotes protein degradation. Moreover, the potential of therapeutically targeting RNF4 to improve cancer treatment is also explored.