bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying holes in the greater sage‐grouse conservation umbrella
Authors: Carlisle Jason D. , Keinath Douglas A. , Albeke Shannon E. , Chalfoun Anna D. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe umbrella species concept, wherein multiple species are indirectly protected under the umbrella of a reserve created for one, is intended to enhance conservation efficiency. Although appealing in theory and common in practice, empirical tests of the concept have been scarce. We used a real‐world, semi‐protected reserve established to protect a high‐profile umbrella species (greater sage‐grouse [Centrocercus urophasianus]) to investigate 2 potential mechanisms underlying the concept's successful application: reserve size and species similarity. We estimated how much habitat protection the established reserve provided to 52 species of conservation concern associated with vegetation communities where greater sage‐grouse occur. To illustrate the importance of reserve size, we compared the effectiveness of the established reserve to alternative greater sage‐grouse reserves of various sizes and to simulated reserves of equal size but sited with no regard for greater sage‐grouse. We further assessed whether key species’ traits were associated with different levels of protection under the umbrella reserve. The established umbrella reserve protected 82% of the state's greater sage‐grouse population and 0–63% of the habitat of the background species examined. The reserve outperformed equally sized, simulated reserves for only 12 of 52 background species. As expected, larger alternative reserves served as better umbrellas, but regardless of reserve size, not all species received equal protection. The established reserve was most effective at protecting the habitat of species that were most similar to the umbrella species (i.e., avian species, those highly associated with sagebrush plant communities, and those with widespread habitat). In contrast, the habitat of species with restricted distributions, particularly when combined with vegetation associations not closely matching the umbrella species, was not protected as well by the umbrella reserve. Such species require additional, targeted attention to achieve conservation objectives. Successful application of the umbrella species concept requires careful consideration of the characteristics of the umbrella species, the reserve delineated on its behalf, and the similarity of the umbrella species to its purported background species. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Cost‐effectiveness of sialendoscopy versus medical management for radioiodine‐induced sialadenitis
Authors: Kowalczyk David M. , Jordan J. Randall , Stringer Scott P. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe medical management and radiographic identification of radioiodine‐induced sialadenitis (RAIS) is challenging. This study utilizes a cost‐effectiveness analysis to compare upfront sialendoscopy as both a diagnostic and therapeutic option versus multiple modalities of diagnostic radiography along with medical management.Study DesignLiterature review and cost‐effectiveness analysis.MethodsA literature review was performed to identify the outcomes of medical management, sialendoscopy, diagnostic radiography, and surgical complications. All charges were obtained from the University of Mississippi Budget Office in 2017 US dollars and converted to costs using the 2017 Medicare Cost‐to‐Charge Ratio for urban medical centers. A cost‐effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate the four treatment arms—sialendoscopy, medical management– ultrasound, medical management–computed tomography (CT) sialography, and medical management–magnetic resonance (MR) sialography. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the confidence levels of the economic evaluation.ResultsThe incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for upfront sialendoscopy versus medical management–ultrasound was $30,402.30, which demonstrates that sialendoscopy is the more cost‐effective option given a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000. The probability that this decision is correct at a willingness‐to‐pay of $50,000 is 64.5%. Sialendoscopic improvement was the most sensitive variable requiring a threshold of 0.70. Of the three imaging modalities, ultrasound dominated MR and CT sialography, both of which required a willingness‐to‐pay of greater than $90,000 to realize a difference.ConclusionsUpfront sialendoscopy is more cost‐effective compared to medical management utilizing diagnostic ultrasound assuming a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000. There is a clear cost‐effectiveness to using ultrasound with medical management over CT and MR sialography in the diagnosis and management of RAIS.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 1822–1828, 2018
The age of water and carbon in lake‐catchments: A simple dynamical model
Authors: Duffy Christopher J. , Dugan Hilary A. , Hanson Paul C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe rate at which water and carbon move through lake‐catchments influences carbon metabolism, storage, and transport to down‐stream ecosystems. This article focuses on conceptual‐mathematical modeling of the “age” of water and carbon in lake‐catchment systems, where “age” is defined as the time since the water parcel and environmental tracer entered the system. We test a framework for implementing models and data for the Lake Mendota lake‐catchment system. We show that the lake‐catchment system provides the basis for predicting time varying age of carbon along flow paths, and the residence times of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaving each compartment, which further helps to provide a deeper understanding of fundamental biogeochemical dynamic processes of carbon and water cycling within the lake‐catchment system. Three scenarios illustrate how the age of DOC might evolve from climate or land cover change that alters the hydrologic water balance through increases or decreases in lake‐catchment precipitation and evapotranspiration.
“Bottom‐Up” Fabrication of BODIPY‐Functionalized Fluorescent Hyperbranched Glycopolymers for Hepatoma‐Targeted Imaging
Authors: Sun Pei , Deng Hongping , Zhou Linzhu , Wu Yan , Jin Xin , Tong Gangsheng , Yu Xuemei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel type of multivalent and highly specific fluorescent hyperbranched glycopolymers h‐P(GalEA‐co‐VBPT‐co‐BYMA) (hPGVB) is designed and prepared successfully via a facile “bottom‐up” strategy. The acetylated hPGVB is prepared by one‐pot reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of acrylate‐type galactose monomers AcGalEA and methacrylate‐type fluorescent monomers BYMA in presence of an inimer‐type RAFT chain transfer agent. After deacetylation, the resulting amphiphilic hPGVB can self‐assemble into stable nanoparticles in aqueous media, showing strong green fluorescence with relative high quantum yields and good photostability. The cell viability study indicates the excellent biocompatibility of the hPGVB fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) against HepG2 and NIH3T3 cells. More importantly, comparing with the galactose‐free fluorescent hyperbranched polymers h‐P(OEGMA‐co‐VBPT‐co‐BYMA), hPEVB FNPs can be selectively internalized by asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor‐rich HepG2 cells, indicating their potential application in the bioimaging fields.
Obliquely‐arranged double skin paddles: A novel design to reconstruct extensive head and neck defects with a single fibula or peroneal flap
Authors: Lin Ying‐Sheng , Liu Wen‐Chung , Wang Kuan‐Ying , Lin Yaoh‐Shiang , Yang Kuo‐Chung 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo reconstruct extensive head and neck defects usually necessitates double free flaps, which require a time‐and‐manpower‐consuming surgical procedure. We present using a single fibula or peroneal flap with the novel design of obliquely‐arranged double skin paddles to reconstruct an extensive head and neck defect.MethodsFrom 1998 to 2016, eight patients with the age of 52.25 (35–71) years old had extensive head and neck defects after oral cancer ablation. All of the defects were through and through with the size of 16.25 (12–24) cm × 8.8 (4.5–11) cm. Six of the defects were due to buccal cancer. One was due to tongue cancer, and another one was due to gingiva cancer. All the defects were reconstructed with obliquely‐arranged double‐paddle free fibula or peroneal flaps. The long axis of the skin paddles was arranged at certain angle (30–45 degrees) to the long axis of lower leg, and the two separate skin paddles were used as the form of island flaps by isolating the cutaneous perforators to create a true chimeric flap.ResultsThe skin paddle sizes were 14 cm × 3 cm–24 cm × 11 cm and 9.5 cm × 4.5 cm–13 cm × 8 cm. The average length of harvested fibula was 19 (10–30) cm. All of the eight flaps survived without obvious donor site morbidity. One patient had partial skin necrosis over recipient site, requiring surgical debridements and closure. One patient had superficial necrosis over the edge of outer skin paddle, which healed spontaneously. After the follow‐up periods of 1 month to 3 year and 8 months, two patients died of sepsis. Six of them could resume soft diet and had no saliva drooling. The remaining two remained nasogastric diet and had saliva drooling.ConclusionWith the design of obliquely‐arranged double paddles, we may maximize the harvested skin area of lateral lower leg to reconstruct an extensive head and neck defect with a single free flap.
Evaluation of Kinase Inhibitor Selectivity Using Cell‐based Profiling Data
Authors: Miljković Filip , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKinases are among the most heavily investigated drug targets and inhibition of kinases and kinase‐dependent signaling has become a paradigm for therapeutic intervention. Kinase inhibitors and associated activity data have increasing ‘big data’ character, which presents challenges for computational analysis, but also unprecedented opportunities for learning from compound data and for data‐driven medicinal chemistry. Herein, publicly available kinase inhibitor data are evaluated and a number of characteristics are discussed. In addition, selectivity of clinical kinase inhibitors is explored computationally on the basis of recently reported cell‐based profiling data. For inhibitors shared by pairs of kinases, selectivity profiles were generated and a variety of selective inhibitors were identified. Uni‐directional selectivity profiles revealed inhibitors that were selective for one kinase over the other, while bi‐directional profiles uncovered compounds with inverted selectivity for paired kinases.
Rare manifestations of spinal tuberculosis in the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Skeletal Collection (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA)
Authors: Spekker O. , Hunt D.R. , Váradi O.A. , Berthon W. , Molnár E. , Pálfi G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractToday, osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB) is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation of TB, developing in about 1–3% of patients. Although any part of the skeleton can be affected by tuberculosis, the spine represents the most common site of involvement (~50%). Spinal TB or tuberculous spondylitis typically affects 2 or more contiguous vertebrae, predominantly in the lower thoracic (40–50%) and upper lumbar (35–40%) regions. In the minority of patients (less than 10%), multilevel noncontiguous involvement occurs. By the location of lesions in the vertebra, 5 main types of spinal TB can be distinguished: paradiscal, central, anterior subligamentous, posterior, and articular forms, with the first being the most common type (90–95%). In the palaeopathological literature, the majority of the described spinal TB cases represent the paradiscal form affecting 2 or more contiguous vertebrae in the thoracolumbar region. The aim of our paper is to provide 3 example cases of known age at death, sex, and cause of death from the Terry Collection that show vertebral alterations indicative of rare manifestations of tuberculous spondylitis, and to interpret the observed lesions with regard to their diagnostic value in the palaeopathological practice. Terry No. 468 (23‐year‐old, male, died of pulmonary and spinal TB) exhibited bony changes presumably attributed to the anterior subligamentous form, whereas Terry No. 902 (c. 36‐year‐old, male, died of pulmonary TB) very likely represents the articular and anterior subligamentous types. The vertebral lesions recorded in the skeleton of Terry No. 1124R (49‐year‐old, female, died of pulmonary TB) are suggestive of the paradiscal form with multilevel noncontiguous involvement. Our paper provides palaeopathologists with a stronger basis for identifying tuberculosis in ancient human remains that reveal unusual vertebral alterations resembling that of our cases and, therefore, with a more sensitive means of assessing TB prevalence in past populations.
Chromatographic characterisation of 11 phytocannabinoids: Quantitative and fit‐to‐purpose performance as a function of extra‐column variance
Authors: Noestheden Matthew , Friedlander Gareth , Anspach Jason , Krepich Scott , Hyland K. C. , Zandberg Wesley F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionCannabis sativa L. (cannabis) is utilised as a therapeutic and recreational drug. With the legalisation of cannabis in many countries and the anticipated regulation of potency that will accompany legalisation, analytical testing facilities will require a broadly applicable, quantitative, high throughput method to meet increased demand. Current analytical methods for the biologically active components of cannabis (phytocannabinoids) suffer from low throughput and/or an incomplete complement of relevant phytocannabinoids.ObjectiveTo develop a rapid, quantitative and broadly applicable liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for 11 phytocannabinoids in cannabis with acidic and neutral character.MethodologyBulk diffusion coefficients were calculated using the Taylor–Aris open tubular method, with four reference compounds used to validate the experimental set‐up. Three columns were quantitatively evaluated using van Deemter plots and fit‐to‐purpose performance metrics. Low (1.2 μL2) and standard (3.6 μL2) extra‐column variance ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) configurations were contrasted. Method performance was demonstrated with methanolic cannabis flower extracts.ResultsBulk diffusion coefficients and van Deemter plots for 11 phytocannabinoids are reported. The developed chromatographic method includes the challenging Δ8/Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol isobars and, at 6.5 min, is faster than existing methods targeting similar panels of biologically active phytocannabinoids.ConclusionsThe bulk diffusion coefficients and van Deemter curves informed the development of a rapid quantitative method and will facilitate potential expansion to include additional compounds, including synthetic cannabinoids. The developed method can be implemented with low or standard extra‐column variance UPLC configurations.
Anticholinergics Influence Transition from Normal Cognition to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults in Primary Care
Authors: Campbell Noll L. , Lane Kathleen A. , Gao Sujuan , Boustani Malaz A. , Unverzagt Fred 
Published: March 2018

Study ObjectiveTo determine the influence of anticholinergic medications on transitions in cognitive diagnosis of older adults in primary care.DesignThis observational cohort study was conducted over a mean follow‐up of 3.2 years. Anticholinergic exposure was defined by pharmacy dispensing and claims records. Cognitive diagnosis was performed by an expert panel at baseline and annually up to 4 years.Data SourceMedication exposure and other clinical data were extracted from the Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC). The cognitive diagnosis was derived from a cognitive screening and diagnosis study.ParticipantsA total of 350 adults 65 years and older without dementia and receiving primary care in a safety net health care system.Measurement and Main ResultsCognitive diagnosis followed a two‐phase screening and consensus‐based neuropsychiatric examination to determine a baseline diagnosis as normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia, with a follow‐up neuropsychiatric examination and consensus‐based diagnosis repeated annually. The Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale was used to identify anticholinergics dispensed up to 10 years before enrollment and annually throughout the study. A total standard daily dose of anticholinergics was calculated by using pharmacy dispensing data from the INPC. Among 350 participants, a total of 978 diagnostic assessments were completed over a mean follow‐up of 3.2 years. Compared with stable cognition, increasing use of strong anticholinergics calculated by total standard daily dose increased the odds of transition from normal cognition to MCI (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.31, p = 0.0342). Compared with stable MCI, strong anticholinergics did not influence the reversion of MCI to normal cognition (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.86–1.05, p = 0.3266).ConclusionDe‐prescribing interventions in older adults with normal cognition should test anticholinergics as potentially modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment.
Health care costs of depression in patients diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Mausbach Brent T. , Yeung Philip , Bos Taylor , Irwin Scott A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveDepression is common among patients diagnosed with cancer. Patients with cancer and depression use more health care services compared with nondepressed cancer patients. The current study seeks to estimate the added cost of depression in cancer patients in the first year after cancer diagnosis.MethodsHealth care charges were obtained for 2051 depressed and 11 182 nondepressed patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis of cancer in the 2014 calendar year from the University of California San Diego Healthcare System. The annual health care charges for cancer patients with and without depression were analyzed using generalized linear models with a log‐link function and gamma distribution, covarying for age, sex, race/ethnicity, comorbid diseases, and presence of metastatic disease. Total cost data were broken down into several categories including ambulatory care, emergency department visits, and hospital visits.ResultsDepressed cancer patients had total annual health care charges that were 113% higher than nondepressed cancer patients (B = 0.76; P < .001). The estimated mean charges for depressed patients were $235 337 compared with $110 650 for nondepressed patients. Depressed cancer patients incurred greater charges than nondepressed patients in ambulatory care (B = 0.70; P < .001), emergency department charges (B = 0.31; P < .001), and hospital charges (B = 0.39; P < .001).ConclusionsDepressed cancer patients incur significantly higher health care charges across multiple cost categories including ambulatory care, emergency department visits, and hospital visits. Future research should investigate if interventions for detecting and treating depression are effective for reducing health care use and costs in cancer patients.
Structured H∞‐control of infinite‐dimensional systems
Authors: Apkarian P. , Noll D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe develop a novel frequency‐based H∞‐control method for a large class of infinite‐dimensional linear time‐invariant systems in transfer function form. A major benefit of our approach is that reduction or identification techniques are not needed, which avoids typical distortions. Our method allows to exploit both state‐space or transfer function models and input/output frequency response data when only such are available. We aim for the design of practically useful H∞‐controllers of any convenient structure and size. We use a nonsmooth trust‐region bundle method to compute arbitrarily structured locally optimal H∞‐controllers for a frequency‐sampled approximation of the underlying infinite‐dimensional H∞‐problem in such a way that (i) exponential stability in closed loop is guaranteed and that (ii) the optimal H∞‐value of the approximation differs from the true infinite‐dimensional value only by a prior user‐specified tolerance. We demonstrate the versatility and practicality of our method on a variety of infinite‐dimensional H∞‐synthesis problems, including distributed and boundary control of partial differential equations, control of dead‐time and delay systems, and using a rich testing set.
Understanding the effects of river regulation on Atlantic salmon fry: The importance of channel morphology
Authors: Millidine K.J. , Fryer R.J. , Malcolm I.A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRiver regulation influences hydrological regime, channel hydraulics, and habitat quality for freshwater biota. Environmental flow assessments typically require river managers to incorporate the requirements of different freshwater species and life stages in designing discharge regimes. However, these requirements can often conflict or be poorly quantified. There is therefore increasing interest in adaptive management whereby the ecological effects of changing flow regime can be monitored and assessed. This study investigated the effects of flow regulation on Atlantic salmon fry below an impoundment. The flow regime incorporated a compensation flow with an atypical seasonal profile where higher discharges were released in the summer than autumn and a spring high flow (freshet) to facilitate downstream migration of smolts through the dam. Saturation stocking and electrofishing were combined with hydraulic and habitat models to predict the effects of discharge on habitat quality and standardized fry densities. The discharge at which the highest standardized fry densities were observed varied depending on reach morphology, particularly channel roughness. Low fry survival was consistent with predictions of consistently low habitat quality during the spring freshet. Fish locations observed during electrofishing were not always consistent with contemporary flows and may reflect the influence of antecedent flows and high site fidelity. The combination of saturation stocking, hydraulic, and habitat models provides a valuable approach for assessing the effects of regulation. It is recommended that future freshets operate at night, that uninterrupted periods of high flow are avoided during the spring, and that compensation flows reflect natural seasonal patterns.
Associations of lifetime traumatic experience with dysfunctional eating patterns and postsurgery weight loss in adults with obesity: A retrospective study
Authors: Ruffault Alexis , Vaugeois Fanny , Barsamian Charles , Lurbe i Puerto Kàtia , Le Quentrec‐Creven Gérane , Flahault Cécile , Naudé Anne‐Jeanne , Ferrand Margot , Rives‐Lange Claire , Czernichow Sébastien , Carette Claire 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the associations of lifetime traumatic experience with presurgery and postsurgery eating pathology and postoperative weight loss in a sample of adult bariatric surgery patients using electronic medical record (EMR) data. Presurgery lifetime exposure to traumatic event, presurgery and postsurgery dysfunctional eating patterns, and post‐operative total and excess weight losses were extracted from electronic medical records of 200 adult bariatric surgery patients in 2013 and 2014. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. During their lifetime, 60.5% of the patients (81.5% women, age = 44.4 ± 11.5 years; BMIpre = 44.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2) reported that they were exposed to a traumatic event. Before surgery, trauma exposure was associated with impulsive, compulsive, or restrictive eating patterns (OR = 2.40), overeating or disturbed eating (OR = 1.55), and grazing or night eating behaviours (OR = 1.72). After surgery, trauma exposure was associated with lower total weight loss at 6 (OR = 2.06) and 24 months (OR = 2.06), and to overeating or disturbed eating (OR = 1.53) 12 months after surgery. Bariatric surgery candidates with a history of trauma exposure could benefit from closer medical, dietetic, and/or psychological follow‐up care to avoid insufficient postoperative weight loss as well as reappearance of dysfunctional eating patterns after surgery.