bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination Glioma Therapy Mediated by a Dual‐Targeted Delivery System Constructed Using OMCN–PEG–Pep22/DOX
Authors: Qian Wenbo , Qian Min , Wang Yi , Huang Jianfei , Chen Jian , Ni Lanchun , Huang Qingfeng , Liu Qianqian , Gong Peipei , Hou Shiqiang , Zhu Hui , Jia Zhongzheng , Shen Dandan , Zhu Changlai , Jiang Rui , Sun Junlong , Yao Junzhong , Tang Zhongyu , Ji Xiang , Shi Jinlong , Huang Rongqin , Shi Wei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAccumulating studies have investigated the efficacy of receptor‐mediated delivery of hydrophobic drugs in glioma chemotherapy. Here, a delivery vehicle comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) and oxidized nanocrystalline mesoporous carbon particles (OMCN) linked to the Pep22 polypeptide targeting the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is designed to generate a novel drug‐loaded system, designated as OMCN–PEG–Pep22/DOX (OPPD). This system effectively targets glioma cells and the blood–brain barrier and exerts therapeutic efficacy through both near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal and chemotherapeutic effects of loaded doxycycline (DOX). Pathological tissue microarrays show an association of LDLR overexpression in human glioma tissue with patient survival.NIR irradiation treatment and magnetic resonance imaging results show that OPPD reaches the effective glioma‐killing temperature in a glioma‐bearing rat with a skull bone removal model and considerably reduces glioma sizes relative to the drug‐loaded system without the Pep22 peptide modification and the control respectively. Thus, OPPD not only effectively targets LDLR‐overexpressing glioma but also exerts a dual therapeutic effect by transporting DOX into the glioma and generating thermal effects with near‐infrared irradiation to kill tumor cells. These collective findings support the utility of the novel OPPD drug‐loaded system as a promising drug delivery vehicle for clinical application in glioma therapy.
The Transformative and Versatile Role of Cellulose Nanomaterials in Templating and Shaping Multiscale Mesostructured Ceramics
Authors: Foster E. Johan , Zahed Nizar , Tallon Carolina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe transformative and versatile role of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) as an enabling technology in the preparation of multiscale mesostructured ceramics, with pore sizes in the meso‐ (2–50 nm) and macroporosity (above 50 nm) range with controlled porous architecture across the structure is explored. CNMs have revolutionized functional advanced materials concepts and technology by using natural resources to derive superb properties. Its unique chemical and physical properties have inspired its exploitation as a reinforcement agent, stimuli responsive tool, and templating agent mostly for biologic and polymeric materials, as well as for metals and ceramics. CNMs can act as a sacrificial filler templating agent, a surface modifier agent, and as an aid for shaping macrostructures into bulk samples. A deep knowledge of the synergistic interaction mechanisms between CNMs and ceramic particles to assemble them in solution and into solid structures is key to advance this technology, and to develop a predictive understanding of synthesis and processing mechanisms that relates morphology evolution, processing, and final physical properties. The potential ease of processing and versatility of CNMs for functional ceramic technology, intimately linked to the CNMs’ nature and properties, will make a significant impact with respect to the current state of the art.
Disordering the Atomic Structure of Co(II) Oxide via B‐Doping: An Efficient Oxygen Vacancy Introduction Approach for High Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Gong , Qu Jiuhui , Liu Huijuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe introduction of oxygen (O) vacancies has been considered to be an important but challenging way to enhance the activity of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Substitution by heteroatoms with high electron‐donating ability may be a feasible strategy for triggering O‐vacancies to maintain thermodynamic stability. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the incorporation of boron (B) is favorable to the generation of O‐vacancies in transition metal oxides. Then, CoO nanowires with O‐vacancies are prepared via incorporation of B using a facile pyrolysis strategy. As evidenced by the combined results of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption near edge structure, O‐vacancies in CoO are mainly derived from the disordering of the local structure caused by B doping. DFT calculation results further reveal that the oxidation of *OOH is the rate‐limiting step for O‐vacancies enriched CoO in the OER and that the presence of O‐vacancies can efficiently lower the reaction barrier for breaking CoO bond, contributing to the improvement of OER kinetics. As expected, the O‐vacancies enriched CoO exhibits a low overpotential of 280 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2 under basic conditions.
Sub‐1.5 nm Ultrathin CoP Nanosheet Aerogel: Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at All pH Values
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Xiaoliang , Liu Hongli , Chen Shuai , Yang Xianfeng , Lv Chunxiao , Zhang Huawei , She Xilin , Yang Dongjiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransition metal phosphides (TMPs) are certified high performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The ultrathin 2D structure of TMPs can offer abundant adsorption sites to boost HER performance. Herein, an ice‐templating strategy is developed to prepare CoP aerogels composed of 2D ultrathin CoP nanosheets (<1.5 nm) using sustainable alginate biomass (seaweed extract) as the precursor. The highly porous aerogel structure can not only deliver facile mass transfer, but also prevent aggregation of the nanosheets into layered structures. As expected, the obtained CoP nanosheet aerogels exhibit remarkable stability and excellent electrocatalytic HER performance at all pH values. For instance, the sample CoP‐400 presents a low overpotential of 113, 154, and 161 mV versus RHE at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4, 1 m KOH, and 1 m phosphate buffer solution, respectively. In addition, CoP‐400 displays low Tafel slopes at all pH values due to the interconnected highly porous structure of the aerogel, indicating that the sample can provide low‐resistance channels for mass transport. Density functional theory calculations reveal that P‐top and Co bridge on (011) facet of CoP are more favorable sites during the process of HER in acid and alkaline solutions, respectively.
Millerite Core–Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Hollow Shell Structure for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Tiruneh Sintayehu Nibret , Kang Bong Kyun , Choi Hyung Wook , Kwon Seok Bin , Kim Min Seob , Yoon Dae Ho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNickel sulfides have drawn much attention with the benefits of a high redox activity, high electrical conductivity, low cost, and fabrication ease; however, these metal sulfides are susceptible to mechanical degradation regarding their cycling performance. Conversely, hollow carbon shells exhibit a substantial electrochemical steadiness in energy storage applications. Here, the design and development of a novel millerite core–nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow shell (NiS–NC HS) structure for electrochemical energy storage is presented. The nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow shell (NC HS) protects against the degradation and the millerite‐core aggregation, giving rise to an excellent rate capability and stability during the electrochemical charging–discharging processes, in addition to improving the NiS–NC HS conductivity. The NiS–NC HS/18h supercapacitor electrode displays an outstanding specific capacitance of 1170.72 F g−1 (at 0.5 A g−1) and maintains 90.71% (at 6 A g−1) of its initial capacitance after 4000 charge–discharge cycles, owing to the unique core–shell structure. An asymmetric‐supercapacitor device using NiS–NC HS and activated‐carbon electrodes exhibits a high power and energy density with a remarkable cycling stability, maintaining 89.2% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles.
Microsphere‐Based Nanoindentation for the Monitoring of Cellular Cortical Stiffness Regulated by MT1‐MMP
Authors: Ku Minhee , Kim Hyun‐Joon , Yau Su Yee , Yoon Nara , Kim Nam Hee , Yook Jong In , Suh Jin‐Suck , Kim Dae‐Eun , Yang Jaemoon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiophysical properties are intimately connected to metastatic functions and aggressiveness in cancers. Especially, cellular stiffness is regarded as a biomarker for the understanding of metastatic potential and drug sensitivity. Here, protease‐mediated changes of cortical stiffness are identified due to the deformation of cytoskeleton alignment at a cortex. For the past few decades, membrane type 1‐matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) has been well known as a kernel protease enriched in podosomes during metastasis for extracellular matrix degradation. However, the biophysical significance of MT1‐MMP expressing cancer cells is still unknown. Therefore, the nanomechanics of cancer cells is analyzed by a nanoindentation using a microsphere‐attached cantilever of atomic force microscopy (AFM). In conclusion, the results suggest that MT1‐MMP has contributed as a key regulator in cytoskeletal deformation related with cancer metastasis. Particularly, the AFM‐based nanoindentation system for the monitoring of cortical nanomechanics will be crucial to understand molecular networks in cancers.
Ultrasmall Ru/Cu‐doped RuO2 Complex Embedded in Amorphous Carbon Skeleton as Highly Active Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Kang , Xu Pengping , Lin Zhiyu , Yang Yang , Jiang Peng , Wang Changlai , Liu Shuai , Gong Shipeng , Hu Lin , Chen Qianwang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDeveloping highly active electrocatalysts with superior durability for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the same electrolyte is a grand challenge to realize the practical application of electrolysis water for producing hydrogen. In this work, an ultrasmall Ru/Cu‐doped RuO2 complex embedded in an amorphous carbon skeleton is synthesized, through thermolysis of Ru‐modified Cu‐1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), as a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting electrocatalysis. The ultrasmall Ru nanoparticles in the complex expose more activity sites for hydrogen evolution and outperform the commercial Pt/C. Meanwhile, the ultrasmall RuO2 nanoparticles exhibit superior oxygen evolution performance over commercial RuO2, and the doping of Cu into the ultrasmall RuO2 nanoparticles further enhances the oxygen evolution performance of the catalyst. The outstanding OER and decent HER catalytic activity endow the complex with impressive overall water splitting performance superior to that of the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts, which just require 1.47 and 1.67 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2. The density functional theory calculations reveal that a Cu dopant could effectively tailor the d‐band center, thereby tuning electronic structure of Ru activity sites on the RuO2 (110) plane and ultimately improving the OER performance of RuO2.
Hierarchical Hollow Prussian Blue Rods Synthesized via Self‐Sacrifice Template as Cathode for High Performance Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Feng Fan , Chen Suli , Liao Xiao‐Zhen , Ma Zi‐Feng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, a facile strategy is proposed to synthesize hierarchical hollow rod‐like Mn‐doped Prussian blue (R‐PB) using MnO2 nanosheets as a self‐sacrifice template. The as prepared R‐PB with low contents of vacancies and coordinated water, and high content of sodium, exhibits appealing electrochemical performance as a cathode for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) achieving a high discharge capacity of 117.3 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 98.5% after 200 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, the specific capacity reaches 111.5 mAh g−1 at 5 C with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 93.8%. The high capacity, superior cycling stability, and enhanced kinetics of Na+ migration of R‐PB are attributed to the positive effect of doped Mn ions and the hierarchical hollow rod‐like structure. The doped Mn ions in R‐PB activate the redox of FeLS(C) in the high voltage region to reach a high capacity. The unique hierarchical hollow rod‐like structure provides a buffer space for the volume change during the insertion/extraction of sodium ions, enlarges the contact area between the electrode materials and electrolyte, and enhances the apparent diffusion coefficient of sodium ions in electrode materials.
Infrastructure disarray in the clean Ganga and clean India campaigns
Authors: Alley Kelly D. , Barr Jennifer , Mehta Tarini 
Published: September 2018

The notion of the infrastructure gap is widely articulated in development studies to denote lacunae and areas of need in infrastructure functioning and connectivity across regions and nations. Sanitation infrastructure is one of the clearest areas in which to examine this gap. To close the gap, government and multilateral agencies are espousing citywide inclusive sanitation. This means comprehensive sanitation services for all through a combination of centralized and decentralized projects and a variety of techniques and services. However, this diversity of projects, techniques, and services will create additional challenges for infrastructure connectivity and functionality that need to be addressed through empirical research. We explore the gaps in wastewater and fecal sludge management infrastructure in India by approaching the problem from the activities and perspectives of three nonstate leaders and their associates. We argue that the notion of infrastructure disarray is an appropriate orienting idea as it points to an emerging field of experimentation and innovative activity while also showing how conditions of dysfunction and disconnection are sustained and reproduced. Taking disarray as a condition of infrastructure confusion among overlapping and disconnected segments of the sewage services chain, the cases show how nonstate actors and their communities are confronting disarray, reproducing these conditions of disarray, or grappling with ways to overcome this disarray.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of WaterEngineering Water > Planning WaterHuman Water > Water Governance
Wave disturbance rejection for monopile offshore wind turbines
Authors: Smilden Emil , Bachynski Erin E. , Sørensen Asgeir J. , Amdahl Jørgen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe dimensions of offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures are governed by fatigue considerations. For 6‐ to 10‐MW OWTs, wave loads are often dominating in terms of fatigue utilization. The present work proposes a control scheme to reduce the wave‐induced fatigue loads in OWT support structures. The control scheme applies collective pitch control to increase both the damping and stiffness of the fore‐aft vibration modes. With conventional active tower damping, efficient wave disturbance rejection is restricted to a narrow frequency range around the first fore‐aft modal frequency. The proposed control scheme achieves efficient wave disturbance rejection across a broader frequency range. Here, tower feedback control is implemented via an auxiliary control loop. Based on a low‐fidelity model, the effect of the tower feedback loop on the stability margins of the basic controller is analysed. The results show that, within certain boundaries, the stability margins are improved by the stiffness term in the tower feedback loop. Consequently, the need to reduce the bandwidth of the basic controller to accommodate tower feedback control is relaxed. Based on time‐domain simulations carried out in an aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic simulation tool, the lifetime effects of the proposed control scheme are analysed. Compared with conventional active tower damping, a more favourable trade‐off between adverse side effects and the support structure's fatigue damage is achieved with the proposed control scheme.
Environmental influences on RNA processing: Biochemical, molecular and genetic regulators of cellular response
Authors: Pai Athma A. , Luca Francesca 
Published: September 2018

RNA processing has emerged as a key mechanistic step in the regulation of the cellular response to environmental perturbation. Recent work has uncovered extensive remodeling of transcriptome composition upon environmental perturbation and linked the impacts of this molecular plasticity to health and disease outcomes. These isoform changes and their underlying mechanisms are varied—involving alternative sites of transcription initiation, alternative splicing, and alternative cleavage at the 3′ end of the mRNA. The mechanisms and consequences of differential RNA processing have been characterized across a range of common environmental insults, including chemical stimuli, immune stimuli, heat stress, and cancer pathogenesis. In each case, there are perturbation‐specific contributions of local (cis) regulatory elements or global (trans) factors and downstream consequences. Overall, it is clear that choices in isoform usage involve a balance between the usage of specific genetic elements (i.e., splice sites, polyadenylation sites) and the timing at which certain decisions are made (i.e., transcription elongation rate). Fine‐tuned cellular responses to environmental perturbation are often dependent on the genetic makeup of the cell. Genetic analyses of interindividual variation in splicing have identified genetic effects on splicing that contribute to variation in complex traits. Finally, the increase in the number of tissue types and environmental conditions analyzed for RNA processing is paralleled by the need to develop appropriate analytical tools. The combination of large datasets, novel methods and conditions explored promises to provide a much greater understanding of the role of RNA processing response in human phenotypic variation.This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Holographic charged fluid with chiral electric separation effect
Authors: Bu Yanyan , Cai Rong-Gen , Yang Qing , Zhang Yun-Long 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHydrodynamics with both vector and axial currents is under study within a holographic model, consisting of canonical U(1)V× U(1)Agauge fields in an asymptotically AdS5black brane. When gravitational back-reaction is taken into account, the chiral electric separation effect (CESE), namely the generation of an axial current as the response to an external electric field, is realized naturally. Via fluid/gravity correspondence, all the first order transport coefficients in the hydrodynamic constitutive relations are evaluated analytically: they are functions of vector chemical potentialμ, axial chemical potentialμ5and the fluid’s temperatureT. Apart from the proportionality factorμμ5, the CESE conductivity is found to be dependent on the dimensionless quantitiesμ/Tandμ5/Tnontrivially. As a complementary study, frequency-dependent transport phenomena are revealed through linear response analysis, demonstrating perfect agreement with the results obtained from fluid/gravity correspondence.
Evolving Decisions: Perspectives of Active and Athletic Individuals with Inherited Heart Disease Who Exercise Against Recommendations
Authors: Subas Trishna , Luiten Rebecca , Hanson‐Kahn Andrea , Wheeler Matthew , Caleshu Colleen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIndividuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and long QT syndrome (LQTS) are advised to avoid certain forms of exercise to reduce their risk of sudden death. Cardiovascular genetic counselors facilitate both adaptation to, and decision‐making about, these exercise recommendations. This study describes decision‐making and experiences of active adults who exercise above physicians’ recommendations. Purposive sampling was used to select adults with HCM and LQTS who self‐identified as exercising above recommendations. Semi‐structured interviews explored participants’ decision‐making and the psychological impact of exercise recommendations. Fifteen individuals were interviewed (HCM: 10; LQTS: 5; mean age: 40). Transcripts were coded and analyzed for underlying themes. Despite exercising above recommendations, nearly all participants made some modifications to their prior exercise regimen. Often these decisions changed over time, underscoring the importance of shared decision‐making conversations beyond the initial evaluation. The importance of exercise was frequently cited as a reason for continued exercise, as were perceptions of sudden death risk as low, acceptable, or modifiable. Many participants reported that family and friends supported their exercise decisions, with a minority having family or friends that expressed significant reservations. Genetic counselors, cardiologists, and nurses can use these data to inform their counseling regarding exercise recommendations.
Time attitudes profile stability and transitions: An exploratory study of adolescent health behaviours among high school students
Authors: McKay Michael T. , Andretta James R. , Cole Jon C. , Konowalczyk Svenja , Wells Kevin E. , Worrell Frank C. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeTime attitudes refer to individuals' feelings about the past, present, and future, and an increasing number of cross‐sectional studies have demonstrated that positive time attitudes are significantly related to better health and well‐being. We investigated time attitude profile membership and associated transitions longitudinally in United Kingdom‐based adolescents, and assessed the relationship between time attitude profile development on health behaviours at + 21 months after the data collection involving time attitudes.MethodsParticipants were high school students (N = 1306; 41.8% female, Mage 12.5–14.5 years [waves 1–3]). The Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory – Time Attitudes Scale was employed to identify profiles, and a mover‐stayer latent transition analysis was employed to examine developmental changes. Data were also gathered on sensation seeking, and a range of health indicators were assessed: Past week frequency of physical exercise, self‐rated health, subjective life expectancy, lifetime cannabis and smoking, and dental attendance.ResultsStaying in a positive time attitude profile was related to higher subjective life expectancy, and less frequent use of cannabis and cigarettes (1.00 ≤ d ≤ 4.00). Further, moving to a positive profile predicted healthier outcomes for most health measures used.ConclusionsNotwithstanding the limitation that health outcomes in the present study were distal, the present study bolstered a developing cross‐sectional literature supporting the association between positive time attitudes and better health and well‐being outcomes. Future longitudinal studies which assess measures concurrently are required.