bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We Don’t Want to Speak About It
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 describes the global trends in the HIV landscape that set the stage for a transnational advocacy partnership among activist organizations in eight countries. The purpose of the partnership was to remove barriers to HIV care for gay and bisexual men and transgender women in Africa and the Caribbean. Over the years leading up to this joint advocacy effort, the world witnessed stunning biomedical progress in combating HIV and an unprecedented international commitment to bringing the HIV epidemic under control. The optimism generated by highly effective biomedical tools coincided with reduced investment in eliminating the obstacles to HIV care that have contributed to long-standing inequalities affecting stigmatized populations. This chapter focuses on how stigma and neglect shaped the vulnerability to HIV experienced by gay and bisexual men and transgender women in Africa and the Caribbean. It also examines how criminalization and colonial and postcolonial influences contribute to these dynamics.
Our Power Is Believing in a Better Life Tomorrow
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter places the work of sexual and gender minority community-led organizations that engage in human rights activism in geopolitical context. It describes formal and de facto forces that prevent sexual and gender minority community-led organizations and their constituents from full participation in civil society, with a focus on Africa and the Caribbean. It outlines how this exclusion obstructs efforts to promote sexual and gender minority human rights, protect sexual and gender minority citizens’ health and well-being, and bring an end to the HIV epidemic. The chapter also considers how the dynamics of development funding and international partnerships impact on the ability of sexual and gender minority communities in Africa and the Caribbean to pursue local advocacy priorities.
The Small and Mighty
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Building on the prior chapters, Chapter 3 describes the events that led to the creation of Project ACT, a transnational advocacy effort that brought together activists from eight sexual and gender minority community-led organizations and their local allies. The chapter describes the challenges of funding the initiative. Chapter 3 outlines how the project’s basic advocacy concept evolved and drew from the activists’ priorities. The chapter also introduces readers to the project’s transnational partners in Burundi, Cameroon, Côte D’Ivoire, Ghana, Jamaica, República Dominicana, Zimbabwe, and its US-based implementing partner, MPact Global Action for Gay Men’s Health and Rights (MPact).
With a Little Bit of Money and a Little Bit of Time
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 describes the contributions Project ACT made to reducing stigma, violence, and discrimination in each partner country. It highlights project achievements that are representative of the more than 100 outcomes identified through outcome harvesting. It also describes why the achievements observed were locally valued and how each reflected a meaningful and hard-won advocacy outcome within the local context. The changes described in the chapter include setting new agendas for health care and other improvements to create enabling environments, alternating public narratives on LGBT people, eliminating exclusionary practices in health care and other settings, improving access to health care resources, shaping enabling policies, and expanding advocacy capability.
Introduction
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The debate over Canadian conduct during the Abyssinian (Ethiopian) crisis serves as an entry point to the themes of this book. Canadian diplomats at the League of Nations advocated active engagement in the effort to prevent Italian imperialism, but the Mackenzie King government insisted on limiting Canada’s global commitments to maintain unity at home. The League’s failure to protect Ethiopia contributed to the collapse of the international system meant to prevent a second world war and led to a dramatic change in Canadian foreign policy. Ottawa completed a mutual defence agreement with the United States, became a founding member of the United Nations, and helped establish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Standing alone, outside of world affairs, had become incompatible with the pursuit of the national interest.
Brian Mulroney and the Transformation of Canadian International Affairs, 1984–1993
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the foreign policy of Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Mulroney was an agent of change in world affairs at a time of global upheaval. The chapter covers Mulroney’s neoliberal economic approach, relations with US presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, the US Strategic Defense Initiative, the Polar Sea incident, the 1992 Earth Summit, Canadian accession to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the Organization of American States, South African apartheid, the end of the Cold War, UN peacekeeping, and the Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis). The cases deal with the Canadian response to the Ethiopian famine, negotiating a Canada–US free trade agreement, and acid rain. The Beyond the Book case examines Ottawa’s experience on the United Nations Security Council during the 1991 Gulf War.
Stephen Harper’s Conservative Values on the World Stage, 2006–2015
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the foreign policy of Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper. It contrasts the Harper government’s approach to world affairs with the approach of previous Liberal and Progressive Conservative governments. It covers values-based foreign policy, the extension of the Canadian Forces mission in Afghanistan, military interventions in Libya and northern Iraq and Syria, the government’s approach to the Arctic, Canada’s withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol, the government’s evolving China policy, economic diplomacy, and relations with the United States. The cases deal with Canada’s position on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the Muskoka Initiative on Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health, and Russia’s invasion of Crimea. The Beyond the Book case deals with the merger of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to create the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development (DFATD).
Conclusion Canada First in the Future
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This conclusion compares and contrasts the state of contemporary Canadian foreign policy with the situation facing Prime Minister Mackenzie King in the mid-1930s. Similarities include the impact of outside forces on Canada’s global posture, an unstable world order, the rise of populist political movements, and the United States’ evolving global role. Some issues, like national unity, are now defined more broadly and new tools, like Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) contribute to foreign policy thinking just as Ottawa must recruit and retain a more diverse cadre of diplomats. Civil society plays a more obvious role in world affairs. New challenges include cyber security, research security, money laundering, and the responsible use of artificial intelligence.
A Family Guide to Parenting Musically
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A Family Guide to Parenting Musically is a resource for families who want to make music a more meaningful part of their daily life. The guide is full of ideas about how to engage in musical parenting (doing things to help your child grow musically) and parenting musically (using music to achieve parenting goals). Designed for parents, grandparents, caregivers, and friends, this guide includes ages-and-stages chapters as well as chapters organized by musical activities and scenarios. Seventy activities offer families specific ways to explore the ideas that all humans are musical, music is important, and there are many ways to be musical. Based on the author’s research and teaching with families and music over the last 25 years, as well as mothering her own four musical children, A Family Guide to Parenting Musically provides developmental information and research-based discussions in an easy-to-read format. The guide explores insights about using music to make parenting a little (or a lot!) easier, more fun, and more meaningful.
Sing with Your Kids
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While some messages from the media or society may have led some individuals to believe that they can’t sing or their voice is not acceptable, this is not true. Each person’s voice is important, particularly to the children in their life. Adults can improve their singing voice, intonation, and confidence. When the children in our lives see and hear us singing, it shows them how we can use singing to soothe a crying child, to pass the time in the car, to make a wearisome task more enjoyable, and to draw closer together in relationships. There are many ways to support children’s vocal development and vocal expression. Children’s initial singing and hearing range is higher than many adults sing.
Found Sounds and Rhythm Bands
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes several categories of instruments the reader might use at home that fall outside of the piano, guitar, and band and orchestra instruments. These categories include rhythm instruments, found sounds, and recorders. Playing instruments together as a family is a way to add delight to family musicking. It also provides a way for children or adults to participate in a sing-along if they do not know the song. It is important for children to see adults playing instruments. Instrument time can also be a way to motivate, such as when built into a tidying chore. Adults should set boundaries around how instruments are handled and when it is okay to play.
Dance Parties Through the Decades
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter suggests considering dancing and movement as a way to be musical as a family. Dancing can be both a joyful and an expressive way to interact with family members. Some dances have strong cultural or historical links, which can deepen relational musicking. Dancing together as a family holds benefits that vary as children get older. Likewise, families often find their dancing interactions shift as children get older. Dancing includes creative movement. The Laban effort elements of flow, weight, space, and time provide a structure for families to use when exploring creative movement. Like singing and playing instruments, dancing is a form of musicking.
Widening Musical Worlds with Preschoolers (Ages 3 to 5 Years)
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Preschoolers rapidly gain broader musical skills, abilities, and interests. Music is an essential part of preschoolers’ lives. This includes everything from unstructured play that incorporates music to using music in routines. It is important to provide opportunities for musical play for preschoolers. The preschool years are a great time to cultivate interests in musical genres and cultures. Music is helpful in routines and relationships with preschoolers as an opportunity for child agency (power, control, and authority). Some preschoolers may be ready for formal music instrument instruction through a Suzuki-type program. Honoring children’s musical listening preferences is a way to connect with the child and to foster their musical expression.
Nurturing Musical Expression with Late Elementary Age Children (Ages 9 to 12 Years)
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Children in late elementary school are broadening their interests in many areas. Readers are encouraged to be ready for their child to have the time and skill to create and invest in their own passion projects during the later elementary school years. Children need balance between unstructured time for self-discovery with resources in the community or online that can provide supplemental information for their passion projects. It is important to keep making music a part of family life even when one’s child becomes more involved in school or community music activities. Families can do this in part through using music in routines as a way to connect with their late elementary school child.
How to Help Your Child Develop Musical Skills
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the many ways for children to develop musical skills. As in other areas of musical parenting, there is no one best way for children to learn music. It is important to match one’s goals/one’s child’s goals with the opportunities in one’s community. When investigating ways to help one’s child develop musical skills, consider family logistics and budget. If given the opportunity, advocate general music instruction in elementary schools. General music classes in elementary schools can be a form of music educational equity, helping all children to develop musical skills.
How to Approach Musical Practice in Healthy Ways
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Musical practice can be a point of conflict for families. Musical practice is an area at the intersection of musical parenting and parenting musically. As a parent, many individuals want their child to practice in order to develop musical skills. Making practice successful and maintaining a positive relationship can be a challenging parenting task. Cultural beliefs influence a family’s experience and expectations around musical practice. Music aptitude, personality, and learning styles play a role in a child’s experience of practicing. There are many strategies for making musical practice work for your child and your family. Work to maintain a positive relationship with your child when encountering musical practice issues.
Epilogue
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book is full of ideas about how to engage in musical parenting (doing things to help one’s child grow musically), as well as parenting musically (using music to help get things done). Both musical parenting and parenting musically are things that happen in the home, as well as in school and community settings. The book’s organization forms a spiral, with the reader returning to various ideas through the different chapters and lenses. Musical parenting and parenting musically naturally change as one’s children grow older. The final suggested activity is to write a manifesto for one’s own family’s involvement in music.
Rules to Infinity
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One central aim of science is to provide explanations of natural phenomena. What role(s) does mathematics play in achieving this aim? How does mathematics contribute to the explanatory power of science? Rules to Infinity defends the thesis, common though perhaps inchoate among many members of the Vienna Circle, that mathematics contributes to the explanatory power of science by expressing conceptual rules, rules which allow the transformation of empirical descriptions. Mathematics should not be thought of as describing, in any substantive sense, an abstract realm of eternal mathematical objects, as traditional platonists have thought. In Rules to Infinity, this view, mathematical normativism, is updated with contemporary philosophical tools, and it is argued that normativism is compatible with mainstream semantic theory. This allows the normativist to accept that there are mathematical truths, while resisting the platonistic idea that there exist abstract mathematical objects that explain such truths. Furthermore, Rules to Infinity defends a particular account of the distinction between scientific explanations that are in some sense distinctively mathematical—those that explain natural phenomena in some uniquely mathematical way—and those that are only standardly mathematical, and it lays out desiderata for any account of this distinction. Normativism is compared with other prominent views in the philosophy of mathematics such as neo-Fregeanism, fictionalism, conventionalism, and structuralism. Rules to Infinity serves as an entry point into debates at the forefront of philosophy of science and mathematics, and it defends novel positions in these debates.
The Content of a Mathematical Model
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter defends a novel inferentialist account of the representational content of mathematical models (and of models generally): the fully inferentialist theory (FIT). According to FIT, the content of a model is determined by the inferences that are to be made from it, and the inferences that are to be made from it are determined by the form of the model and the denotational conventions surrounding it. The chapter argues for a normative role for denotation claims as expressing the stipulated validity of rules of surrogative inference. It illustrates FIT using four case studies of causal models, network models, oscillator models, and applied mathematical equations. It ends by discussing model truth and accuracy, model explanation, and a limited potential role for similarity and morphism in securing model success. There is a slightly formal appendix that is intended to help make more precise how the logic of surrogative inference is conceived and the role that denotation-claims play in it.
Conclusion
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the main theses and arguments of the book: including the Narrow Ontic Counterfactual Account of distinctively mathematical explanation, its normativist deflating, how this renders the enhanced indispensability argument invalid, and the Fully Inferentialist Theory of scientific representation. It then discusses areas of future work. These include but are certainly not limited to the strengths of different kinds of necessity, including natural necessity, and DME-adjacent explanations, such as “really statistical” explanations and dimensional explanations. It discusses how a normativist might account for these phenomena. Regarding strengths of necessity, one route that is explored is to claim that the lowest grade of natural necessity can be explain in a pragmatic Humean fashion, to claim that the next highest grade of natural necessity is a posteriori necessary, and to claim that the highest grade is constitutive a priori or analytic.
Norms and Practices in UN Peace Operations
Authors: Laurence Marion 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter situates the book in wider theoretical and empirical debates about peace operations and global security governance in order to highlight the need for new understandings of the process by which practices change. It demonstrates the limitations of top-down theories of change in international organizations, showing how they discount the agency and creativity of UN staff. It then develops a novel theoretical framework for studying practice change in international organizations, which harnesses insights from international practice theory and the literature on norm contestation. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the book’s research design and methodological approach.
Introduction
Authors: Kerr Natalie , Kurtz Jaime 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In modern life, it’s becoming increasingly difficult to cultivate and sustain meaningful social connection. As a result, millions of people around the world are dissatisfied with their social lives. Millions more feel lonely. The introduction to the book identifies several key barriers that get in the way of real connection: viewing social connection as a luxury rather than an essential human need; following unwritten social rules that pull us apart; seeing the social world through a distorted lens; underestimating others’ desires to connect with us; overlooking basic factors that create connection; shying away from deep conversations, self-disclosure, and expressing vulnerability; and missing opportunities to create connection on demand. It describes how to navigate around these barriers in order to have a more satisfying social life.
A Distorted Reality
Authors: Kerr Natalie , Kurtz Jaime 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The way we think about ourselves and other people—our social cognition—has a huge impact on our sense of connection and our success in relationships. And research shows that our social cognition, while mostly accurate, has some predictable blind spots. In this chapter, we help readers identify common errors and biases in social thinking (e.g., the spotlight effect; confirmation bias, fundamental attribution error, and self-fulfilling prophecy) and describe how to develop more accurate ways of thinking about the social world. We also explore how loneliness can further distort social cognition and, paradoxically, make connection even more elusive. We also offer tips to help readers overcome this problem and feel more connected.
Beyond Casual Connection
Authors: Kerr Natalie , Kurtz Jaime 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many people crave deep, meaningful connection, where they are truly known and appreciated for who they are. However, they are often reluctant to engage in the behaviors that help foster this type of connection. Perhaps it’s a fear of being emotionally vulnerable, or maybe a difficulty being responsive to the needs of others. In this chapter, several specific strategies that foster closeness are discussed. Suggestions for approaching vulnerability with increased confidence are offered. Research on things that promote increased responsiveness to others (e.g., enthusiastically sharing in one another’s triumphs (a process called capitalization) and genuine expression of gratitude within the context of a close relationship) is also discussed.
Analyzing Simple Epidemiologic Data
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Occasionally, the essential results from an epidemiologic study can be summarized in a simple table, such as a 2 × 2 table. This may be the case for data from randomized trials, in which no confounding is expected, or from studies that have employed extensive restriction to prevent confounding. In general, it can be useful for any study in which confounding and effect-measure modification are not a concern. This chapter presents the basic formulas needed to obtain the study results, expressed as point estimates and confidence intervals. These formulas vary depending on whether the estimate is a risk or rate, or for measures of association or effect, a difference or a ratio measure, and what type of data, such as risk data, rate data, or case-control data. Formulas are also presented to calculate approximate P-values.
Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Infectious disease is a pervasive fact of life, comprising a never-ending competition between host and parasite. The balance among host, agent, and environment is always in flux, afflicting host species with infectious disease. This chapter presents the basic concepts of infectious disease epidemiology, including types of pathogens, routes of transmission, and common statistical measures. The Reed-Frost model of epidemic spread illustrates the spread of infectious diseases in populations, which can be summarized with specialized infectious disease measures. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the future outlook for infectious disease epidemiology.