bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Nutritional and Phytochemical Constituents of Bitter Leaf to Some Drying Methods
Authors: Odukoya Johnson , Charles Uzoma , Odukoya Julianah 
Published: March 2019

Aim: Food processing is one of the post-harvest factors that affect the quality of food products. This research was aimed at evaluating the impact of two drying methods (sun-drying and freeze-drying) on the nutritional and phytochemical contents of Vernonia amygdalina Del.
Study Design: Processed vegetables of V. amygdalina were subjected to the selected drying methods and the composition of the dried samples was thereafter compared.
Place and Duration of Study: The eight-month study was carried out at the Food Chemistry Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Harvested fresh samples of V. amygdalina were first cleaned with distilled water prior to drying. The dried vegetable samples were then ground to powder and subjected to proximate analysis via the application of recommended methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Other nutritional and phytochemical analyses were achieved using standard methods. Independent-samples t-test was used to compare the difference in composition.
Results: The results showed that except for crude fibre content, there was a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of the vegetable samples obtained from the two drying methods while the freeze-drying method favoured the concentration of most of the dietary minerals tested. The two drying methods were found to give a similar phytochemicals screening result with the sun-dried samples having a higher concentration of total phenols and total flavonoids. The freeze-dried samples, however, had higher vitamin A and C contents.
Conclusion: The research outcome revealed the suitability of the freeze-drying method for enhanced/improved drying action on vegetables and to have the optimum level of crude protein, major dietary minerals, vitamin A and C in the dried vegetables. Further work is needed to assess the impact of the selected drying methods on antinutrients composition.
Optimal Control Analysis of an Age-Structured Malaria Model Incorporating Children under Five Years and Pregnant Women
Authors: Azu-Tungmah George Theodore , Oduro Francis T. , Okyere Gabriel A. 
Published: March 2019

In this article, we apply the optimal control theory to a new age-structured malaria model with three infectious compartments for people under five years, over five years and pregnant women. The model is formulated for malaria endemic areas in the world and the following malaria control strategies ITN, IRS, Chemoprophylaxis and Improved Clinical Treatment were examined and analysed on the mode. The Cost-effectiveness Analysis points out that more attention should be given Insecticide -Treated bed nets (ITNs) in order to eliminate the malaria disease globally because the female Anopheles mosquitoes need human blood to lay their eggs. The expression for the effective reproduction number has been derived by using the next-generation method. The impact of the controls on the was studied and it came out that all the four controls have a positive impact such that the ITNs can reduce to zero as the value of ITNs approaches one. Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle was applied to analyse the optimal control model theoretically and the optimality system was solved numerically through an iterative scheme.
The optimal plots (Figs. 4-8) reveal that best control strategies for malaria elimination is the combination of ITN, Chemoprophylaxis and Improved Clinical Treatment. However, the Cost-effectiveness Analysis points out that ITN is economically best solution for fighting malaria in poor malaria endemic areas.
The Effect of Stress on Cardiovascular Parameters among University Students in Buea during and Out of Examination Periods
Authors: Bopda Orelien Sylvain Mtopi , Sumbele Irene Ngole , Nji Bih Andrine 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the effect of examination stress on the cardiovascular parameters amongst undergraduate students of the University of Buea, out of examination period (OEP) and during examination period (DEP).
Experimental Design: This was a cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out at the University of Buea (Cameroon). The field and laboratory work was carried out from January to June 2016 within which are two examination periods and two weeks of first semester break.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to document student’s demographic information and number of hours slept. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using automatic arm sphygmomanometer. Blood samples were collected for full blood count analysis using a haematology analyser. Stress was measured using Cohen Perceived stress scale (PSS) while salivary alpha amylase (sAA) concentrations were measured by ELISA. Data was collected and analysed from 772 (OEP=378 and DEP= 394) participants. Mann-Witney U-test and students T- test were used for statistical analyses. The significance level was set at P<0.05.
Results: The prevalence of stress was 98.2% (387) DEP vs 97.4% (368) OEP (P=0.372) with PSS of (23.41±4.88 vs. 22.31± 4.53, P=0.002). The sAA concentrations was higher DEP (24.659 ± 16.384) than OEP (18.789±5.865) (P< 0.001). Among the haemodynamic and haematological parameters, SBP and HR were significantly higher DEP than OEP. There was a positive correlation between HR and sAA within both periods. WBC%, Lym%, Mon%, and MCHC were significantly lower (P<0.05) while Gran%, Plt and Pct increased DEP than OEP (P<0.05) with respect to stress.
Conclusions: The prevalence of stress OEP vs DEP implies stress is an important problem in students. This is proven by the increase in PSS and sAA concentrations during examinations and can lead to impairment of cardiovascular parameters.
A pilot study of occupational exposure to pathogenic microorganisms through lip cosmetics among dental hygienists
Authors: Jung Im-hee , Kim Ji-hye , Yoo Yun-Jung , Park Bo-young , Choi Eun-sil , Noh Hiejin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
In dental clinics, dental hygienists are exposed to aerosolized pathologic bacteria, which can be transmitted to the oral cavity via lip cosmetics. Accordingly, such contamination poses a consistent health risk among staffs. Our study examined the bacterial contamination of lip cosmetics used by dental hygienists while in a clinic setting.

Methods
Sixteen dental hygienists were surveyed regarding their job assignments and habits associated with lip cosmetic. Subsequently, microorganisms were analyzed in collected samples of the hygienists’ lip cosmetics using colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, 16s-rDNA polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing.

Results
Notably, 81.3% of the submitted lip cosmetic samples were contaminated, with bacterial CFUs ranging from undetectable to innumerable. Many samples (43.8%) exceeded the microbial limits of cosmetic contamination. Of the lip cosmetic used for more than 6 months, 60% exceeded the microbial limit. When wearing a mask every time, only one of the six samples exceeded the microbial limit. More frequent dental mask changing was associated with a lower likelihood that the cosmetic sample would exceed the microbial limit. No samples from hygienists who changed their masks four times a day exceeded the microbial limit, compared to 33.3% from hygienists who only changed the mask when it became wet. Most isolated bacteria were gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, asporogenic, and opportunistically pathogenic, and the most prevalent species were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that dental staff, including dental hygienists, should exercise more careful workplace habits, particularly with regard to infection control and cosmetic use.
Escin suppresses HMGB1‐induced overexpression of aquaporin‐1 and increased permeability in endothelial cells
Authors: Chen Changjun , Wang Songgang , Chen Jiying , Liu Xiaolin , Zhang Mengchen , Wang Xi , Xu Weihua , Zhang Yayun , Li Hao , Pan Xin , Si Meng 
Published: March 2019

Escin, a natural triterpene saponin mixture obtained from the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum), has been used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), hemorrhoids, and edema. However, it is unclear how escin protects against endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by pro‐inflammatory high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1). Here, we report that escin can suppress (a) HMGB1‐induced overexpression of the aquaporin‐1 (AQP1) water channel in endothelial cells and (b) HMGB1‐induced increases in endothelial cell permeability. This is the first report that escin inhibits AQP1 and alleviates barrier dysfunction in HMGB1‐induced inflammatory response.
A study on the formation of environmental recognition by dwelling unit location and residential floor in collective housing in a super‐high‐rise building
Authors: Zong Shichun , Ohuchi Hirotomo , Kimura Toshihiro , Yamada Satoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn Japan, a housing plan has been established involving mainly high‐rise housing and standardization. However, there have been few analyses and studies of the relationship and harmony between people and the natural environment based on the relationship between the residence and the surrounding environment. This paper aims to grasp the environmental perception of residents formed by the arrangement and building plans of settlements, focusing on the resident's residential floor and the location of the dwelling unit, classified as inland side facing land or coastal side facing water. We also explore cognitive characteristics from the constituent and cognitive domain areas of each cognitive domain and perform comparative analysis. Furthermore, we analyze the changes in the cognitive domain caused by vertical displacement of residential floor, aiming to grasp the effect of dwelling unit location and residential floor on formation of environmental perception in high‐rise residences.
Prokaryotic Nomenclature
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Nomenclature has been called the handmaid of classification. The nomenclature of the different kinds of living creatures falls into two parts: (i) informal or vernacular names, and very specialized and restricted names and (ii) scientific names of taxonomic groups (taxon, plural taxa). Since scientific names are in latinized form, they obey the grammar of classical, medieval, or modern Latin (Neo‐Latin). The taxonomic hierarchy is a conventional arrangement. The form of latinized names differs with the category. The species name consists of two parts. The first is the generic name. This is spelled with an initial capital letter and is a latinized substantive. The second is the specific epithet and is spelled with a lower case initial letter. The nomenclature of prokaryotic taxa up to the rank of class is regulated by the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes.
How to Name New Taxa of Archaea and Bacteria
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Naming prokaryote taxa is an essential part in any description of new species, genera, families, and so on. The nomenclature of prokaryotes is governed by the General Considerations, Principles, Rules, and Recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (the Prokaryotic Code), a document approved by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. The scientific names of all taxa are Latin or latinized words treated as Latin regardless of their origin. They are usually taken from Latin or Greek. Therefore, anyone who describes new species, genera, and higher taxa of prokaryotes needs to have a basic understanding of classical Latin and Greek and the ways words and word elements from those languages are used when naming new taxa, so that the names comply with the requirements of the Code and its orthography appendix (Appendix 9). This article provides an overview of how names are correctly formed based on the Rules of the Code and on current practice, and gives practical advice how to name new prokaryotes, also for those who do not possess an in‐depth knowledge of Latin and Greek.
F
imbriimonadaceae
Authors: Quan Zhe‐Xue , Im Wan‐Taek 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Fim.bri.i.mo.na.da.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Fimbriimonas
type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Fimbriimonadaceae
family of the genus
Fimbriimonas
.

Armatimonadetes / Fimbriimonadia / Fimbriimonadales / Fimbriimonadaceae

The family of the
Fimbriimonadaceae
is currently represented only by the genus
Fimbriimonas
in the order of
Fimbriimonadales
.
Haloplasma
Authors: Göker Markus , Antunes André 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHa.lo.plas'ma. Gr. n.hals, salt; Gr. neut. n.plasma, something formed or molded, a form; N.L. neut. n.Haloplasma, a salt‐loving form.Firmicutes / Bacilli / Haloplasmatales / Haloplasmataceae / HaloplasmaThe genusHaloplasma, classified within the familyHaloplasmataceaeand orderHaloplasmataleswithin the phylumFirmicutes, consists ofGram‐negative cellswith characteristiccontractile cellular protrusions. Cells are pleomorphic, wall‐less, and non‐spore‐forming. When grown on solid media they produce very small colonies with a “fried‐egg” appearance. Members of this genus arestrictly anaerobic. They are alsostrictly organotrophic, using a very limited range of substrates, under denitrifying and fermentative conditions.Haloplasma contractile, the single species of the genus, ismoderately halophilicandmesophilic. The major respiratory lipoquinone is MK‐4, and phosphatidylglycerol and bisphosphatidylglycerol are the major polar lipids. Major fatty acids (>10%) are C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, and summed feature 5 (most likely C18:2ω6,9c). Only one species of the genusHaloplasmahas been described to date.H. contractilehas been isolated from the brine–sediment interface of deep‐sea brine.DNA G + C content: 33.6 mol% (based on HPLC); 33.0 mol% (based on the draft genome sequence).Type species:Haloplasma contractileAntunes, Rainey, da Costa and Huber 2008b, 2471VP(Effective publication: Antunes, Rainey, Wanner, Taborda, Pätzold, Nobre, da Costa and Huber 2008a, 3586).
H
alobium
Authors: Mori Koji 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Ha.lo'bi.um. Gr. masc. n.
hals, halos
salt; Gr. masc. n.
bios
life; N.L. neut. n.
Halobium
halophilic life.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Halorubraceae / Halobium

The genus
Halobium
, classified within the family
Halorubraceae,
order
Haloferacales
in the class
Halobacteria
, consists of orange‐red pigmented, extremely halophilic pleomorphic cells. They are obligately aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs, and anaerobic growth with nitrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or
l
‐arginine has not been observed. Oxidase and catalase reactions are positive. Major polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (Me‐PGP), and sulfated diglycosyl diether (S‐DGD‐1). Currently, the genus consists of two species:
Halobium palmae
and
Halobium salinum
. Isolates have been recovered from solar salterns.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.0–68.9.

Type species
:
Halobium palmae
Mori, Nurcahyanto, Kawasaki, Lisdiyanti, Yopi and Suzuki 2016, 3803
VP
.
B
revifollis
Authors: Otsuka Shigeto 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Bre.vi.fol'lis. L. adj.
brevis,
short, small; L. masc. n.
follis,
a windball; N.L. masc. n.
Brevifollis,
a short ball, intended to mean a small ovoid cell.

Verrucomicrobia / Verrucomicrobiae / Verrucomicrobiales / Verrucomicrobiaceae / Brevifollis

Cells are ovoid to short fusiform, single, unbranched, nonmotile, nongliding, and stain Gram‐negative. Obligately aerobic. Chemoorganotrophic. The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK‐7 (H
2
). The DNA G + C content is approximately 59–60 mol%. The type species is
Brevifollis gellanilyticus
that degrades gellan gum with nitrate as the nitrogen source and no carbon sources. A member of the family
Verrucomicrobiaceae
, the phylum “
Verrucomicrobia
.” Known habitat is soil. The differentiation of this genus from the phylogenetically close genus,
Prosthecobacter
, is possible chiefly by the major menaquinone, MK‐7 (H
2
), and the absence of a single polar prosthecum, as well as the position in a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59–60 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Brevifollis gellanilyticus
Otsuka, Suenaga, Vu, Ueda, Yokota and Senoo 2013b, 3077
VP
.
R
oseimicrobium
Authors: Otsuka Shigeto 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Ro.se.i.mi.cro'bi.um. L. adj.
roseus,
rose‐coloured, rosy; N.L. neut. n.
microbium,
a microbe; N.L. neut. n.
Roseimicrobium,
a rose‐coloured microbe.

Verrucomicrobia / Verrucomicrobiae / Verrucomicrobiales / Verrucomicrobiaceae / Roseimicrobium

Forms single ovoid to rod‐shaped cells that are unbranched, nonmotile, nongliding, and stain Gram‐negative. Aerobic. Chemoorganotrophic. The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK‐10. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0
, and C
16:1
ω5
c
. The predominant polar lipids are phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G + C content is approximately 60 mol%. The type species is
Roseimicrobium gellanilyticum
, which degrades gellan gum. A member of the family
Verrucomicrobiaceae
within the phylum
Verrucomicrobia
. Known habitat is soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Roseimicrobium gellanilyticum
Otsuka, Ueda, Suenaga, Uchino, Hamada, Yokota and Senoo 2013, 1984
VP
.
C
roceifilum
Authors: Hatayama Kouta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Cro.ce.i.fi'lum. L. adj.
croceus
saffron, yellow; L. neut. n.
filum
a thread; N.L. neut. n.
Croceifilum
a saffron yellow thread.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Thermoactinomycetaceae / Croceifilum

Croceifilum
is a genus of the family
Thermoactinomycetaceae
, in the order
Bacillales
, and class
Bacilli
. The only currently described species of this genus,
Croceifilum oryzae,
was isolated from a rice paddy soil sample. This genus encompasses aerobic, mesophilic, Gram‐stain‐positive bacteria, which form a substrate mycelium, but not an aerial mycelium on solid medium. Endospores are produced singly on short, unbranched sporophores along the substrate mycelium. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid, alanine, and glutamic acid but no diagnostic sugars. The major menaquinone is MK‐7. The major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
and anteiso‐C
15:0
. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl‐
N
‐methylethanolamine, and unidentified aminophospholipids. The genus
Croceifilum
is probably a later synonym of the genus
Baia
.

DNA G + C content (mol
%
)
: 42.5% (HPLC).

Type species
:
Croceifilum oryzae
Hatayama and Kuno 2015, 4064
VP
.
B
aia
Authors: Liu Chongxi , Guan Xuejiao , Xiang Wensheng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Bai'a. N.L. fem. n.
Baia
named after Hua Bai, a Chinese microbiologist.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Thermoactinomycetaceae / Baia

Baia
is a genus in the family
Thermoactinomycetaceae
, order
Bacillales
, class
Bacilli
, and phylum
Firmicutes
. It currently comprises one species
Baia soyae
. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that
B. soyae
shared very high similarity to
Croceifilum oryzae
(99.51%), which is the only described species of the genus
Croceifilum
. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains formed a distinct phyletic line. In addition, the morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of
C
.
oryzae
resemble those of
B. soyae
. After further genome level comparisons,
C
.
oryzae
could be reclassified to the genus
Baia
. The genus
Baia
encompasses bacteria that are aerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, mesophilic, and filamentous. Substrate mycelia are well developed, but aerial mycelium is not produced. Single endospores formed on substrate mycelium. Cell walls contain
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid. The only menaquinone is MK‐7. Predominant phospholipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and unidentified aminophospholipids. Major fatty acid is iso‐C
15:0
. Known habitats are soybean root and rice paddy soil. The phylogenetically nearest neighbors are the genera
Croceifilum
and
Geothermomicrobium
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 41.7–49.9 (genome analysis, HPLC and
T
m
).

Type species
:
Baia soyae
Guan, Liu, Fang, Zhao, Jin, Li, Jia, Wang and Xiang 2015, 3758
VP
.
H
wanghaeicola
Authors: Jeong Sang Eun , Kim Jeong Myeong , Jeon Che Ok 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Hwang.hae.i'co.la L. suff.
‐cola
(from L. n.
incola
), a dweller, inhabitant; N.L. masc. n.
Hwanghaeicola
, a dweller of the Hwanghae, the Korean name of the Yellow Sea.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Hwanghaeicola

Cells are motile cocci with a single flagellum. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, and moderate halotolerant. Optimum growth at 25–30°C and 2.0–3.0% NaCl. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Neither nitrate nor nitrite is reduced. The major isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone‐10 (Q‐10). The cellular fatty acid profiles are predominated by C
18
:1
ω7
c
. The genus currently accommodates only one species
Hwanghaeicola aestuarii
, isolated from a sea tidal flat.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 66.0.

Type species
:
Hwanghaeicola aestuarii
Kim, Jung, Chae, Park and Jeon 2010, 2880
VP
.
L
ongimicrobiales
Authors: Pascual Javier , Genilloud Olga 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Lon.gi.mi.cro.bi.a'les. N.L. neut. n.
Longimicrobium
type genus of the order; suff.
‐ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Longimicrobiales
, the order of the genus
Longimicrobium
.

Gemmatimonadetes / Longimicrobia / Longimicrobiales

The order
Longimicrobiales
is defined based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. The order belongs to the class
Longimicrobia
and embraces only the monospecific family
Longimicrobiaceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.0 (HPLC).

Type genus
:
Longimicrobium
Pascual, García‐López, Bills and Genilloud 2016, 1982
VP
.
Ionization‐Facilitated Formation of 2D (Alumino)Silicate–Noble Gas Clathrate Compounds
Authors: Zhong Jian‐Qiang , Wang Mengen , Akter Nusnin , Kestell John D. , Niu Tianchao , Boscoboinik Alejandro M. , Kim Taejin , Stacchiola Dario J. , Wu Qin , Lu Deyu , Boscoboinik Jorge Anibal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe nanoscale confinement of noble gases at noncryogenic temperatures is crucial for many applications including noble gas separations, nuclear waste remediation, and the removal of radon. However, this process is extremely difficult primarily due to the weak trapping forces of the host matrices upon noble gas physisorption. Herein, the formation of 2D clathrate compounds, which result from trapping noble gas atoms (Ar, Kr, and Xe) inside nanocages of ultrathin silica and aluminosilicate crystalline nanoporous frameworks at 300 K, is reported. The formation of the 2D clathrate compounds is attributed to a novel activated physisorption mechanism, facilitated by ionization of noble gas atoms. Combined X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) studies provide evidence of an initial ionization process that significantly reduces the apparent trapping barrier. Noble gas ions become neutralized upon entering the cages, and their desorption requires unprecedentedly high temperatures, even in ultrahigh vacuum conditions. From 2D aluminosilicate films these temperatures are 348 K (Ar), 498 K (Kr), and 673 K (Xe). DFT calculations also predict that Rn can be trapped in 2D aluminosilicates with an even higher desorption temperature of 775 K. This work highlights a new ionization‐facilitated trapping mechanism resulting in the thinnest family of clathrates ever reported.