bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligand‐free palladium‐catalyzed tandem pathways for the synthesis of 4,4‐diarylbutanones and 4,4‐diaryl‐3‐butenones under microwave conditions
Authors: Wirwis Anna , Trzeciak Anna M. 
Published: March 2019

Two efficient Pd‐catalyzed tandem pathways for the synthesis of 4,4‐diaryl‐2‐butanones and 4,4‐diaryl‐3‐buten‐2‐ones were elaborated. The first step in both procedures was the Heck coupling of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and various aryl iodides leading to 4‐aryl‐3‐buten‐2‐one with the yield of up to 92% in 1 hr. The second step performed with the same catalyst and a new portion of aryl iodide in the presence K2CO3 as a base produced 4,4‐diaryl‐3‐buten‐2‐ones in high yield. Reaction selectivity changed completely to saturated 4,4‐diaryl‐2‐butanones, reductive Heck products, when a tertiary amine was used instead of K2CO3. Due to the application of microwave irradiation (MW), the desired products were obtained in high yield in a short time (4 hr), using 0.5 mol% of the Pd (OAc)2 catalyst without additional ligands.
Effects of lubricants on the rheological and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites
Authors: Dai Lu , Wang Xia , Zhang Jieming , Wang Fayang , Ou Rongxian , Song Yongming 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe lubricant is an indispensable agent used in wood plastic composites (WPCs) to improve the processing flowability, especially with high wood content. Here, the effects of different lubricating systems on the rheological and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites are investigated. Additionally, several theoretical models are used to describe the rheological behavior. The results show that stearic acid (SA), semirefined paraffin wax (Wax), and zinc stearate (ZnSt) can decrease the equilibrium torque, complex viscosity, relaxation time, and flow activation energy of the composite melts. Compared to a single lubricant, the combination of Wax and SA lubricants exhibits lower values and the composite with 3 wt % SA and 1 wt % Wax has the best lubricating effect. The synergistic effect of the combined SA and Wax lubricants further decreases the interactive force between the molecules, indicating that multifunctional lubricating systems play a predominant role in WPCs and improve the overall processing properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47667.
Chickpea flour‐based biofilms containing gallic acid to be used as active edible films
Authors: Kocakulak Secil , Sumnu Gulum , Sahin Serpil 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTChickpea is an easily accessible nutritious legume. Besides, gallic acid is a widespread phenolic found in various plants. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of pH (9 and 11), glycerol concentration (1 and 3% w/v of film solution) and gallic acid concentration (5 and 10% w/w of total solid) on color, opacity, mechanical strength, water vapor permeability (WVP), microstructure, chemical characteristic, antioxidant activity, and phenolic content of films. At pH 11, films are stronger, darker and have higher antioxidant activity. Higher glycerol concentration makes the films more flexible but less strong and more hydrophilic. Higher gallic acid concentration makes great contribution to the films by decreasing WVP but by increasing opacity, antioxidant activity, phenolic content, lightness, and elongation. Film containing glycerol of 1% and gallic acid of 10% and prepared at pH 11 was found to be a great combination for obtaining antioxidant rich edible composite films.HIGHLIGHTS

Chickpea flour‐based active films were successfully obtained with addition of gallic acid.
Higher gallic acid concentration decreased WVP, increased opacity, antioxidant activity, phenolic content, lightness, and elongation.
Higher pH provided stronger mechanical properties, low lightness, and higher antioxidant activity.
Lower glycerol concentration resulted lower WVP and stronger tensile properties.
Chickpea flour‐based active films at pH 11 with 1% glycerol and 10% gallic acid can be used as active packaging material in especially highly oxidative food products.
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47704.
Assessment of olive pomace wastes as flame retardants
Authors: El Kassis Elyssa , Otazaghine Belkacem , El Hage Roland , Sonnier Rodolphe 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTOlive pomace (OP) is a lignocellulosic waste from olive oil industry. In order to valorize these wastes as flame retardant (FR) fillers into polymers, OP residues are milled and screened into three different fractions. Two strategies are then investigated. The first one is to modify OP particles by phosphorus molecules using radiation grafting as already done successfully with flax. Nevertheless, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry analyses show that the introduction of phosphorus does not promote charring of OP and flame retardancy is not significantly improved whichever the considered fraction. The second strategy is to replace pentaerythritol by OP as char source into well‐known FR systems based on ammonium polyphosphate. The incorporation of such system into ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer leads to satisfying FR performances according to cone calorimeter tests. Moreover, the presence of high amount of extractives into OP such as oleic acid does not appear detrimental. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 47715.
Synergistic effects on the enhancement of thermal conductive properties of thermal greases
Authors: He Xuhua , Wang Yuechuan 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTEfficient heat dissipation from electronic devices with high‐degree integration and high‐power density has become an urgent and complex problem. We report here novel thermal greases with an enhanced thermal conductivity using graphene flakes (GFs), hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as fillers. The obtained GF/h‐BN/HPC thermal grease at 23 vol % h‐BN loading exhibits a thermal conductivity enhancement 555%, compared with the pure PDMS matrix, and also about 50, 169, and 115% higher than that with GF/h‐BN, h‐BN/HPC and h‐BN as the filler for the thermal grease, respectively. We attribute it to the synergistic effects among GF, h‐BN, and HPC, due to the formation of thermally conductive networks. This study provides a strategy for preparing thermal greases for thermal management applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47726.
Mussel‐inspired polydopamine/polystyrene composites with 3D continuous structure and improved thermal, mechanical, and flame retarding properties
Authors: Li Sihan , Zhu Jing , Yu Junrong , Wang Yan , Hu Zuming 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTPolymer materials are widely used in daily life, but the flammability of most polymers has greatly restricted their applications. The addition of flame retardants into polymer matrix to form composites is the most effective method to improve the flame retarding properties. Here, a novel flame retarding composite is reported from polydopamine (PDA) and polystyrene (PS) through a latex technique. To maximize the potential of PDA in improving the properties of composites, PDA layers are first coated on PS microspheres and then the PDA coated PS microspheres are hot pressed to afford PDA/PS composites. Morphological characterizations of the cross sections of composites and the char after burning demonstrate the formation of three‐dimensional continuous network of PDA layers inside PS matrix, while differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, and cone calorimeter test confirm the visibly enhanced thermal, mechanical, and flame retarding properties of composites as compared to neat PS. These improvements are attributed to the strong interfacial interactions between PDA and PS, physical barrier effect of continuous PDA layers, and good free‐radical scavenging ability of PDA. This work demonstrates the great potential of PDA as additive for green and facile construction of flame retarding composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47740.
Application of macroinvertebrate multimetrics as a measure of the impact of anthropogenic modification of spring habitats
Authors: Pešić Vladimir , Dmitrović Dejan , Savić Ana , Milošević Đurađ , Zawal Andrzej , Vukašinović‐Pešić Vesna , Von Fumetti Stefanie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Springs are distinct freshwater habitats that are threatened globally by human impacts, but are not included in standard freshwater assessment tools. This study analysed how the standard macroinvertebrate metrics currently used in biomonitoring programmes for running waters perform in springs with similar ecological qualities but with a different degree of hydromorphological modification. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were analysed in 50 riparian springs along the Crvcka River in the Dinaric karst.
Most metrics analysed (ASPT, EPTfam, PTHfam, BMWP, STAR_ICMi, and Spring_ICMi) showed significant differences between hydromorphologically modified and natural, i.e. unmodified, springs.
A self‐organizing map (SOM), an unsupervised artificial neural network, was used for patterning and visualizing 10 environmental parameters and the metrics analysed. Most macroinvertebrate metrics, besides IBE (which did not show any pattern) and PTHfam (which showed an opposite trend), had significantly lower values in the spring group with the highest electrical conductivity and the lowest discharge.
The study showed that hydromorphological modification does not necessarily lead to a loss of crenobiontic species, provided that the discharge and substrate composition remain suitable. Future coordinated conservation strategies must take into account the fact that spring species assemblages are sensitive to habitat structure and organic pollution, as has been achieved in Europe for rivers assessed under the Water Framework Directive.
Using multimetric indices, such as the new Spring_ICMi, may help to provide a framework for assessing the response of macroinvertebrate assemblages to human impacts. They may also help in assessing the success of measures used for the conservation and restoration of these threatened but highly valuable habitats. Further investigations should verify the suitability of such metrics in assessing the deterioration of springs globally.
Upstream migration of the anadromous sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinusLinnaeus, 1758) in a highly impounded river: Impact of low‐head obstacles and fisheries
Authors: Silva Sergio , Barca Sandra , Vieira‐Lanero Rufino , Cobo Fernando 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFisheries and the presence of low‐head obstacles are considered major threats for anadromous lampreys, including the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Nonetheless, research is still needed to increase our understanding of their effect and to implement effective conservation and management measures.Petromyzon marinusreceives conservation protection in Europe through the Bern Convention and the European Habitats Directive and is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ in Spain.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of low‐head obstacles and fisheries on the spawning migration ofP. marinusin the highly impounded River Ulla (in north‐west Spain). Nineteen lamprey were radio‐tracked in 2012 and 2013, and historical data (2002–16) on fishing captures were analysed (n = 25 607) to provide a population‐level approach.The retention of individuals by low‐head obstacles, includingpesqueirasconstructed for lamprey fishing, and extraction by fisheries at those structures, caused a significant reduction of migrants upstream of each impoundment (mean: 24% individuals per obstacle). A delay in migration (mean: 6.3 days per obstacle) seems to be an important limiting factor for lamprey conservation in this river. Thus, based on the recorded delay, lamprey would needc. 5 months to pass the 23 obstacles present before reaching the first spawning areas and 9.5 months to cover the accessible river section (45 obstacles), which is far longer than the 3–5 months of spawning migration ofP. marinusin this river.Consequently, obstacle removal or permeabilization should be prioritized for lamprey conservation in this river. This would reduce migration delay, the retention of individuals, and the catchability of lamprey atpesqueiras(with alternative routes to avoid traps). Basic information on fisheries management is still lacking, especially on stock exploitation rates and on lamprey population status and dynamics. Future studies should also investigate the role of lamprey exchange between basins (a lack of homing) in the resilience of lamprey populations.
What happens to glass eels after restocking in upland rivers? A long‐term study on their dispersal and behavioural traits
Authors: Nzau Matondo Billy , Séleck Emilie , Dierckx Arnaud , Benitez Jean‐Philippe , Rollin Xavier , Ovidio Michaël 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The European eel Anguilla anguilla is a critically endangered fish species as a result of human activities and climate change in river and oceanic ecosystems. Restocking using glass eels in continental freshwater areas is a potential conservation measure for enhancing local eel stocks and for conserving the species in aquatic habitats, where it may otherwise disappear. However, little is known about the fate of these restocked individuals and the early ecological behaviour of the young eels translocated in rivers.
A portable radio‐frequency identification (RFID) telemetry system and 12‐mm tags were used to track restocked eels for a duration of 4 years. The aim was to understand the early movement, behavioural traits, dispersal, and habitat use of elvers after restocking performed in 2013 with glass eels in a shallow riverine environment.
From the 241 tagged eels (total length, Q50 = 152 mm), 85% were detected in 1968 positions during a period of 4 years, beginning in 2014. Clear seasonality in eel activity was observed, with higher mobility in summer when the water temperature was high (above 12°C). Dispersal was slowed by numerous artificial obstacles and the high carrying capacity of habitats. There was a negative relationship between the body size of eels at tagging and their mobility. Five behavioural categories of mobility patterns were identified: ascending, descending, oscillating with an upstream trend, oscillating with a downstream trend, and stationary. The first four categories depleted with time, in favour of stationary individuals that displayed a highly sedentary lifestyle.
This study provides new knowledge of the long‐term dispersal behaviour of restocked eels and the influence of seasons, barriers, and habitats on their colonization strategy changing with time. The results contribute to a better understanding of the issue of uncommon restocking practices in upland rivers.
Recent Advancements in Gene and Stem Cell‐Based Treatment Modalities: Potential Implications in Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Eshraghi Adrien A. , Jung Hyunseo D. , Mittal Rahul 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTNoise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL) poses a significant burden on not only the economics of health care but also the quality of life of an individual, as we approach an unprecedented age of longevity. In this article, we will delineate the current landscape of management of NIHL. We discuss the most recent results from in vitro and in vivo studies that determine the effectiveness of established pharmacotherapy such as corticosteroid and potential emerging therapies like N‐acetyl cysteine and neurotrophins (NTs), as well as highlight ongoing clinical trials for these therapeutic agents. We present an overview of how the recent advancements in the field of gene‐based and stem cell‐based therapies can help in developing effective therapeutic strategies for NIHL. Gene‐based therapies have shown exciting results demonstrating cochlear cellular regeneration using Atoh1, NRF2 as well as NT gene therapy employing viral vectors. In addition, we will discuss the recent advancements in genome‐editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, and its potential role in NIHL therapy. We will further discuss the current state of stem cell therapy as it pertains to treating neurodegenerative conditions including NIHL. Embryonic stem cells, adult‐derived stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells all represent an enticing reservoir of replacing damaged cells as a result of NIHL. Finally, we will discuss the barriers that need to be overcome to translate these promising treatment modalities to the clinical practice in pursuit of improving quality of life of patients having NIHL. Anat Rec, 303:516–526, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Redescription of the Cranium of Jingshanosaurus xinwaensis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Nan , Wang Tao , Yang Zhi‐Wen , You Hai‐Lu 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation in Yunnan Province of southwestern China has yielded an important and diverse terrestrial vertebrate fauna dominated by basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Nevertheless, many of them lack detailed descriptions and/or explicit diagnoses, hampering systematic analyses of their interrelationships and further studies. We present a detailed redescription of the cranial osteology of Jingshanosaurus xinwaensis and amend its diagnosis. Incorporation of the revised anatomical data into a phylogenetic analysis finds Jingshanosaurus to be one of the earliest diverging sauropodiforms. Moreover, the previously reported Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis is considered to be a junior synonym of J. xinwaensis. Jingshanosaurus can be diagnosed by a unique combination of character states, including (1) an inflection at the base of the dorsal premaxillary process; (2) the level of the caudal margin of the external naris being caudal to the mid‐length of the maxillary tooth row and the rostral margin of the antorbital fenestra; (3) a ventrally constricted subtriangular orbit; (4) the height‐to‐length ratio of the dentary being greater than 0.2; and (5) a distally recurved long axis of the premaxillary and rostral maxillary tooth crowns. As the largest taxon (around 9 m long) currently known among Lufeng basal sauropodomorphs and one of the best known basal‐most sauropodiforms, a better understanding of Jingshanosaurus will allow for reconstruction of the ecomorphotypic diversity of the Lower Jurassic Lufeng dinosaurs and help to decipher the origin and early evolution of sauropodiforms, the clade ultimately leading to the gigantic sauropods. Anat Rec, 303:759–771, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Citrullinated Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 Is a Novel Autoantigen in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ohara Ray A. , Edhayan Gautam , Rasmussen Stephanie M. , Isozaki Takeo , Remmer Henriette A. , Lanigan Thomas M. , Campbell Phillip L. , Urquhart Andrew G. , Lawton Jeffrey N. , Chung Kevin C. , Fox David A. , Ruth Jeffrey H. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the intrinsic role of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID‐1) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) and to investigate whether ID‐1 is citrullinated and autoantigenic in RA.MethodsRA patient serum ID‐1 levels were measured before and after infliximab treatment. RA FLS were transfected with a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 construct targeting ID‐1 to examine the effects of ID‐1 deletion. RA synovial fluid (SF) and homogenized synovial tissue (ST) were immunoprecipitated for ID‐1 and measured for citrullinated residues using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was performed on in vitro–citrullinated recombinant human ID‐1 (cit–ID‐1) to localize the sites of citrullination. Normal and RA sera and SF were analyzed by immunodot blotting for anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) to cit–ID‐1.ResultsRA patient serum ID‐1 levels positively correlated with several disease parameters and were reduced after infliximab treatment. RA FLS displayed reduced growth and a robust increase in interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8 production upon deletion of ID‐1. ID‐1 immunodepletion significantly reduced the levels of citrullinated residues in RA SF, and citrullinated ID‐1 was detected in homogenized RA ST (n = 5 samples; P < 0.05). Immunodot blot analyses revealed ACPAs to cit–ID‐1 but not to native ID‐1, in RA peripheral blood (PB) sera (n = 30 samples; P < 0.001) and SF (n = 18 samples; P < 0.05) but not in normal PB sera. Following analyses of LC‐MS/MS results for citrullination sites and corresponding reactivity in immunodot assays, we determined the critical arginines in ID‐1 for autoantigenicity: R33, R52, and R121.ConclusionNovel roles of ID‐1 in RA include regulation of FLS proliferation and cytokine secretion as well as autoantigenicity following citrullination.
Enantioselective Reaction of 2H‐Azirines
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract2H‐Azirines are useful precursors for the synthesis of a variety of chiral aziridine and amine derivatives with a range of biological activities. Owing to the ring strain and the presence of a C=N double bond, 2H‐azirines are more reactive than other types of ketimine, and undergo a range of enantioselective reactions, including reduction and Diels–Alder reactions, as well as nucleophilic addition to the C=N double bond. Therefore, the enantioselective reactions of 2H‐azirines has become a hot topic, in particular within the last few years. In this Minireview, we focus on the enantioselective reactions of 2H‐azirines by using catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of chiral additives, the reaction mechanisms, and the applications of these reactions of 2H‐azirines and related compounds in organic synthesis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−H Bond Functionalization of N‐Allylbenzamide for Regioselective C−N and C−O Bond Formation
Authors: Ranjith Jala , Krishna Palakodety Radha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed oxidative couplings of N‐allylbenzamides for C−N and C−O bond formations have been developed through C−H bond functionalization. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, it was applied to the synthesis of β‐aminoimides and imides. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first examples in which different classes of N‐containing compounds have been directly prepared from the readily available N‐allylbenzamides using an inexpensive catalyst/oxidant/base (CuSO4/TBHP/Cs2CO3) system.