bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of the Preoperative Prism Adaptation Test in Patients With Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Dadeya Subhash , Kamles  , Naniwal Sanjive 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To investigate whether the preoperative prism adaptation test is useful in patients with intermittent exotropia.
Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with basic-type intermittent exotropia <40 prism diopters (PD) comprised the study population in this prospective study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the results of the prism adaptation test. Patients with a negative response comprised group 1 and patients with a positive response comprised group 2. Group 1 patients (n=26) underwent surgery according to the original angle, and group 2 patients (n=27) underwent surgery in accordance with the change in the angle of deviation with prisms.
Results: Satisfactory motor alignment (±5 PD of orthophoria) was achieved in 14 (53.8%) group 1 patients and 24 (88.8%) group 2 patients (P=. 01). Mean residual deviation was 9.8 PD in group 1 and 4.5 PD in group 2 (P*s.05).
Conclusion: The prism adaptation test may be helpful in achieving a favorable surgical outcome in intermittent exotropia.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2003;40:85-89.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy After Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Tang Peter H. , Shields Ryan , Silva Ruwan A. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To report the acute and long-term choroidal findings in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) undergoing half-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This is a prospective, consecutive, interventional, noncomparative case series at a tertiary referral vitreoretinal practice. Twenty-one eyes from 21 patients are included.

RESULTS:
Among 21 eyes, all had improved vision following PDT during a mean of 5.2 months ± 4.8 months of follow-up. The incidence of choroidal neovascular membranes was 19.0% (four in 21), with only one of these eyes (4.8%) requiring intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Changes in the choriocapillaris were noted in 28.6% (six of 21) eyes following PDT. Eighteen patients (85.7%) demonstrated striking regions of dilated choroidal vessels closely corresponding to regions of outer retinal changes and subretinal fluid. Twenty patients (95.2%) experienced resolution of subretinal fluid within 3 months of receiving PDT.

CONCLUSION:
Optical coherence tomography angiography may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of CCSC, namely in identifying a correlation between structures of the deep choroid and changes in the retinal pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:25–32.]
Trimanual Versus Unimanual 23-Gauge Vitrectomy in Patients With Diabetes: Limitations and Expectations
Authors: Elwan Mohammed M. , Hagras Sherein M. , Ellayeh Adel A. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare between trimanual and unimanual vitrectomy in complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A prospective, non-randomized, comparative study including patients with tractional retinal detachment (TRD), vitreous hemorrhage with TRD, and combined TRD with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The patients were allocated into two groups: the unimanual group with three-port vitrectomy and the trimanual group with added fourth sclerotomy, through which the endoillumination probe was guided by the assistant. The primary outcomes included the intraoperative feasibility, operative time, and complications.

RESULTS:

Eighty-two eyes were categorized into the two groups: 44 eyes in the unimanual group and 38 eyes in the trimanual group. Operative time was significantly shorter in the trimanual group (
P
< .005). The incidence of iatrogenic breaks and intraoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the unimanual group (
P
= .034 and
P
= .044, respectively). Primary anatomic success was achieved in 90.9% and 94.7% in unimanual and trimanual groups, respectively, without significant difference (
P
= .411). There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS:
Trimanual vitrectomy was proven to be a safe and effective technique in managing complicated PDR. It results in anatomical outcomes comparable to standard unimanual vitrectomy with fewer intraoperative complications.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:42–49.]
Ablation and Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Catalytic Subunit LMP7 Attenuate Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice
Authors: Li Fang-da , Nie Hao , Tian Cui , Wang Hong-xia , Sun Bao-hua , Ren Hua-liang , Zhang Xu , Liao Peng-zhi , Liu Duan , Li Hui-hua , Zheng Yue-hong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Low–molecular mass protein 7 (LMP7) is a proteolytic subunit of the immunoproteasome that is involved in regulating inflammatory responses. However, the role of LMP7 in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unknown. In this study, ApoE knockout (KO) or LMP7/ApoE double KO (dKO) mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1000 ng/kg per minute) for up to 28 d. We found that LMP7 expression was significantly upregulated in AAA tissues from ApoE KO mice and human patients. Moreover, Ang II infusion markedly increased the incidence and severity of AAA in ApoE KO mice, which was considerably reduced in LMP7/ApoE dKO mice. Histological alterations, including aortic wall thickening, collagen deposition, elastin fragmentation, and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis in AAA tissue of ApoE KO mice, were also significantly attenuated in LMP7/ApoE dKO mice. Interestingly, LMP7/ApoE dKO mice showed a marked reduction of infiltration of CD3+ T cells, especially CD4+ T cells in AAA tissues compared with ApoE KO mice. Moreover, ablation of LMP7 substantially inhibited the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells by reducing the activation of multiple transcriptional factors. We also investigated the effects of an LMP7-specific inhibitor PR-957 (also known as ONX 0914) on AAA formation in ApoE KO mice. PR-957 treatment could reduce the AAA incidence and severity. In conclusion, our results provide, to our knowledge, novel evidence that ablation or pharmacological inhibition of LMP7 attenuates Ang II–induced AAA formation, and LMP7 might be a novel therapeutic target for treating AAA in humans.
IL-33 Is a Negative Regulator of Vaccine-Induced Antigen-Specific Cellular Immunity
Authors: O’Grady Katie , Hearnden Claire C. H. , Bento Dulce , Oleszycka Ewa , Andersen Peter , Muñoz-Wolf Natalia , Lavelle Ed C. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The cytokine IL-33 is a well-established inducer of Th2 responses. However, roles for IL-33 in promoting CD8, Th1, and T regulatory cell responses have also emerged. In this study, the role of IL-33 as a regulator of particulate vaccine adjuvant-induced Ag-specific cellular immunity was investigated. We found that polymeric nanoparticles surpassed alum in their ability to enhance Ag-specific CD8 and Th1 responses. IL-33 was a potent negative regulator of both CD8+ T cell and Th1 responses following i.m. vaccination with Ag and nanoparticles, whereas the cytokine was required for the nanoparticle enhancement in Ag-specific IL-10. In contrast to the effect on cellular immunity, Ab responses were comparable between vaccinated wild-type and IL-33–deficient mice. IL-33 did not compromise alum-induced adaptive cellular immunity after i.m. vaccination. These data suggest that IL-33 attenuates the induction of cellular immune responses by nanoparticulate adjuvants and should be considered in the rational design of vaccines targeting enhanced CD8 and Th1 responses.
The impact of psychological contracts on employee engagement at a university of technology
Authors: Naidoo Vinessa , Abarantyne Ishana , Rugimbana Robert 
Published: January 2019

Orientation: Changing organisational dynamics have caused a need for organisations to understand the employment relationship processes and outcomes in order to improve organisational effectiveness, increase productivity and retain talented employees.Research purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine which elements of the academic employee’s psychological contract are impacting employee engagement at a university of technology.Motivation for the study: The study was motivated by the findings of a 2013 climate survey at an institute of higher education, indicating that many employees were dissatisfied and believed that their expectations were not met by the organisation.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative technique via online questionnaires was employed for data collection. The sample size was 400 out of 900 academic staff members.Main findings: The study confirmed that most employees appear to have developed a positive psychological contract. It indicated, however, that many employees may be experiencing discord in the employment relationship. Both transactional and relational elements of the psychological contract appeared to be essential to academic employees.Practical/managerial implications: The study identified factors of importance to academic employees that should be considered in the compilation of retention policies.Contribution/value-add: The results of the study could contribute towards addressing some of the challenges by creating a better understanding of the needs of academic employees and the impact of psychological contract fulfilment and breach. This could benefit the higher education sector as a whole.
Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy in a general national population in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Alcohol use in pregnancy is linked with various negative health effects on the infant. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and socio-demographic and health correlates.Methods: Data of ever-pregnant women from the cross-sectional ‘South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) 2011–2012’ were analysed. The sample included 5089 adolescents and adult women aged 15–55 years. They responded to questions on alcohol use, socio-demographic and health indicators.Results: The results indicated that 3.7% (95.0% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1, 4.5) of South African women had engaged in alcohol use during their pregnancy. In adjusted analysis, being mixed race, not employed, poor self-rated health status, ever been diagnosed with tuberculosis and having partial post-traumatic stress disorder were found to be associated with alcohol use during pregnancy.Conclusions: The study findings suggest links between socio-demographic and health variables and prenatal alcohol use, which may have public health policy implications.
Practice patterns and outcomes with the use of regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from the Regorafenib in Metastatic colorectal cancer - An Indian exploratory analysis study
Authors: Ramaswamy Anant , Ostwal Vikas , Pande Nikhil , Sharma Atul , Patil Shekar , Thippeswamy Ravi , Ghadyalpatil Nikhil , Roy Rakesh , Peshwe Harish , Poladia Bhavesh , Rajamanickam Deepan , Rangarajan Bharat , Neelesh Reddy P. R. , Pandita Vimal , Mukherjee Ashis , Thoke Aniket , Sarkar Abhijit , Satish C. T. , Shashidara H. , Banavali S. D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Regorafenib is considered a standard of care as third-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs). Materials and Methods: The study was based on a computerized clinical data form sent to oncologists across the country for entry of anonymized patient data. The data entry form was conceived and generated by the coordinating center's (Tata Memorial Hospital) gastrointestinal medical oncologists and disseminated through personal contacts at academic conferences as well as through E-mail to various oncologists across India. Results: A total of 19 physicians contributed data resulting in 80 patients receiving regorafenib who were available for the evaluation of practice patterns. The median age was 55 years (range: 24–75). Majority had received oxaliplatin-based (97.5%), irinotecan-based (87.5%), and targeted therapy (65%), previously. Patients were primarily started on reduced doses of regorafenib upfront (160 mg – 28.8%, 120 mg – 58.8%, and 80 mg – 12.5%). The median duration of treatment (treatment duration) with regorafenib was 3.1 months (range: 0.5–18), while the median progression free survival was 3.48 months (range: 2.6–4.3). Forty-five percent of patients required dose modifications due to toxicities, and the most common were (all grades) hand-foot syndrome (68.8%), fatigue (46.3%), mucositis (37.6%), and diarrhea (31.3%). Conclusions: Majority of physicians in this collaborative study from India used a lower dose of regorafenib at the outset in patients with mCRC. Despite a lower dose, there was a significant requirement for dose reduction. Duration of treatment with regorafenib as an efficacy end point in this study is similar to available data from other regions as it is the side effect profile.
Conventional radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy in carcinoma vulva: An experience from a tertiary medical center of India
Authors: Mazumder Koustav , Elangovan Arun , Rai Bhavana , Suri Vanita , Jain Vanita , Kalra Jaswinder , Ghoshal Sushmita 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Context: Vulvar cancer is one of the uncommon gynecological malignancies. Multimodality treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are required for treatment of the disease. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcome in patients of carcinoma vulva, treated at our institution. Subjects and Methods: This was a retrospective-cohort study done in 50 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, treated at our institution from January 2008 to December 2014. Data were analyzed on the basis of age, stage, type of treatment received, and treatment-related toxicity. Disease-free survival and overall survival were estimated. Statistical Analysis Used: Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Majority of the patients (52%) had presented with Stage III disease. Thirty-six of 50 patients underwent surgery: simple vulvectomy – 2, radical vulvectomy – 34, bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection was done in 32 patients, and 1 patient underwent ipsilateral-inguinal lymph node dissection. Among 40 patients who received radiotherapy and eight patients received palliative radiotherapy. Seventeen patients underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 15 patients received conventional radiotherapy. Significantly less Grade 2 or more skin toxicity (P = 0.003) observed in patients who underwent IMRT. Among non-IMRT group, eight patients required treatment break during radiation. At a median follow-up time of 25.5 months, median overall survival was 31 months and median disease-free survival was 25 months. About 42% patients were alive and free of disease at last follow-up. Conclusions: Modified radical vulvectomy with inguinal lymph node dissection followed by radiotherapy is the mainstay of management of locally advanced carcinoma vulva. Using IMRT, we could minimize the treatment related radiation toxicity and treatment breaks.
Safety and efficacy of nimotuzumab with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in unresectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: An Indian rural hospital experience
Authors: Rawat Shyamji , Tandan Hemu , Patel Sanandan , Chaudhari Sameer 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Context: Nimotuzumab is the only anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody which can be safely added to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to improve efficacy in the management of unresectable, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (LA-SCCHN). However, the evidence available on this is limited. Aims: We retrospectively investigated efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab when combined with chemoradiation for LA-SCCHN. Settings and Design: Hospital records of 39 patients from January 2012 to December 2016 diagnosed with locally advanced (Stage III-IVb), unresectable SCCHN, and treated with concurrent CRT with weekly nimotuzumab were reviewed retrospectively after fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjects and Methods: Tumor response was calculated as per response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria 1.1. Association of tumor response with independent variables was assessed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. All patients were assessed for toxicity as per common terminology criteria for adverse events Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v 4.0 (U.S. Department of health and human services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute). Results: At 6 months after completion of treatment, objective response rate was 97.44% with 26 (66.67%) patients attaining Complete response (CR), 12 (30.77%) patients with Partial response (PR), and one patient (2.56%) had stable disease. Subgroup analysis did not show a significant association of tumor response with independent factors. OS at 1 and 2-year was 100% and 72.9%, while PFS at 1 and 2-year was 87% and 54.40%. The incidence of Grade I, II, III, and IV toxicity was 30%, 18.18%, 41.82%, and 10%, respectively. No grade V toxicity was observed. Common adverse events observed were mucositis (33.64%), skin reaction (24.55%), neutropenia (20.91%), vomiting (18.18%), and diarrhea (2.73%). Conclusions: Nimotuzumab is an efficacious and safe option when added to concurrent CRT in unresectable, LA-SCCHN.
Harnessing the opportunities of inclusive technologies in a global economy
Authors: Beliz Gustavo , Basco Ana Inés , de Azevedo Belisario 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper the authors propose that G20 countries endorse and facilitate the creation of a T20 digital platform for “Accelerating the Jobs of the Future”. In a world driven by a new wave of technological change, the platform would revalue the role of think tanks, research institutions and knowledge hubs to move the global agenda in an issue of central importance for the future of society: the creation of the jobs of the future. Building on and complementing existing experiences, the T20 platform would be a digital hub for producing knowledge, informing policies and connecting potential partners to accelerate the jobs of the future, within the context of an increasing integrated global economy. It would also contribute to the development of consensual views among the research community, allowing to discard extreme visions about the jobs of the future, dispelling both overly optimistic visions with no evidence base and unwarranted fears.
Volatile organic compounds and ozone in Rocky Mountain National Park during FRAPPÉ
Authors: Benedict Katherine B. , Zhou Yong , Sive Barkley C. , Prenni Anthony J. , Gebhart Kristi A. , Fischer Emily V. , Evanoski-Cole Ashley , Sullivan Amy P. , Callahan Sara , Schichtel Bret A. , Mao Huiting , Zhou Ying , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry
Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) aimed to better characterize summertime air
quality in the Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area (NFRMA) and its impact
on surrounding areas. As part of this study, measurements of
gas- and particle-phase species were collected in Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO), located
in the mountains west of the urban northern Front Range corridor from
July to October 2014. We report on measurements of ozone from two locations in
the park and a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured using a
continuous real-time gas chromatography (GC) system and a quadrupole
proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PRT-MS) at the ROMO Longs Peak (ROMO-LP) air quality
site. We also measured VOCs using canister samples collected along transects
connecting the NFRMA and ROMO. These datasets show that ROMO is impacted by
NFRMA emission sources, and high observed mixing ratios of VOCs associated
with oil and gas extraction (e.g. ethane) and urban sources (e.g. ethene and
C2Cl4) occur during periods of upslope transport. Hourly ozone
mixing ratios exceeded 70 ppb during six events. Two of the six events were
largely associated with VOCs from the oil and gas sector, three high ozone
events were associated with a mixture of VOCs from urban and oil and gas
sources, and one high ozone event was driven by a stratospheric intrusion.
For the high ozone events most associated with emissions from oil and gas
activities, we estimate that VOCs and NOx from sources along
the Front Range contributed ∼20 ppbv of additional ozone.
Impact of mineral dust on shortwave and longwave radiation: evaluation of different vertically resolved parameterizations in 1-D radiative transfer computations
Authors: Granados-Muñoz María José , Sicard Michael , Román Roberto , Benavent-Oltra Jose Antonio , Barragán Rubén , Brogniez Gerard , Denjean Cyrielle , Mallet Marc , Formenti Paola , Torres Benjamín , Alados-Arboledas Lucas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Aerosol radiative properties are investigated in southeastern
Spain during a dust event on 16–17 June 2013 in the framework of the ChArMEx/ADRIMED
(Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the
regional climate in the MEDiterranean region) campaign. Particle optical and
microphysical properties from ground-based sun/sky photometer and lidar measurements, as
well as in situ measurements on board the SAFIRE ATR 42 French research aircraft, are
used to create a set of different levels of input parameterizations, which feed the 1-D
radiative transfer model (RTM) GAME (Global Atmospheric ModEl). We consider three
datasets: (1) a first parameterization based on the retrievals by an advanced aerosol
inversion code (GRASP; Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) applied
to combined photometer and lidar data, (2) a parameterization based on the photometer
columnar optical properties and vertically resolved lidar retrievals with the
two-component Klett–Fernald algorithm, and (3) a parameterization based on vertically
resolved optical and microphysical aerosol properties measured in situ by the aircraft
instrumentation. Once retrieved, the outputs of the RTM in terms of both shortwave and
longwave radiative fluxes are compared against ground and in situ airborne measurements.
In addition, the outputs of the model in terms of the aerosol direct radiative effect are
discussed with respect to the different input parameterizations. Results show that
calculated atmospheric radiative fluxes differ no more than 7 % from the measured ones.
The three parameterization datasets produce a cooling effect due to mineral dust both at
the surface and the top of the atmosphere. Aerosol radiative effects with differences of
up to 10 W m−2 in the shortwave spectral range (mostly due to differences in the
aerosol optical depth) and 2 W m−2 for the longwave spectral range (mainly due to
differences in the aerosol optical depth but also to the coarse mode radius used to
calculate the radiative properties) are obtained when comparing the three
parameterizations. The study reveals the complexity of parameterizing 1-D RTMs as sizing
and characterizing the optical properties of mineral dust is challenging. The use of
advanced remote sensing data and processing, in combination with closure studies on the
optical and microphysical properties from in situ aircraft measurements when available,
is recommended.