bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-rater and scan–rescan reproducibility of the detection of intracranial atherosclerosis on contrast-enhanced 3D vessel wall MRI
Authors: Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Watase Hiroko , Sun Jie , Shibata Dean K. , Hippe Daniel S. , Balu Niranjan , Hatsukami Thomas , Yuan Chun 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
The objective is to establish interscan, inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of a multicontrast three-dimensional contrast-enhanced intracranial vessel wall (IVW) MRI protocol with 0.6 mm acquired (0.3 mm interpolated) isotropic resolution in the detection of intracranial atherosclerosis.

Methods:
Subjects with established intracranial atherosclerosis were prospectively recruited and underwent two contrast-enhanced three-dimensional IVW scans within a 2-week period. Four raters with varying degrees of vessel wall imaging interpretation experience, through an iterative training process developed guidelines for plaque identification with no, possible and definite plaque categories. Using these guidelines, the raters reviewed the cases in pairs (consensus rating), while blinded to the interpretations of the other pair, clinical reports and patient history. The rater pairs reviewed 19 segments per patient for the presence and location of atherosclerotic plaques. Inter-scan, inter rater and intra rater reproducibility were assessed.

Results:
19 subjects were scanned twice, with 361 total segments reviewed and 304–324 evaluable segments analyzed in the different reproducibility assessments. Overall inter-rater agreement for possible and definite plaque was 88.9 % [κ = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.62–0.81)], inter-scan/intra-rater agreement was 82.1 % [κ = 0.58; 95% CI (0.48–0.70)] and inter-scan/inter-rater agreement of 84.5% [κ = 0.64; 95% CI (0.51 – 0.76)].

Conclusion:
Contrast-enhanced IVW imaging, with the utilization of detailed plaque definition guidelines for image review, can be a reproducible technique for the evaluation of intracranial atherosclerosis.

Advances in knowledge:
This work is the first to establish reproducibility of IVW for plaque identification with and without contrast. Reproducibility using contrast is important as most IVW applications rely on lesion enhancement.
ESforRPD2: Expert System for Rice Plant Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Agus Fahrul , Ihsan Muh. , Marisa Khairina Dyna , Candra Krishna Purnawan 
Published: February 2019

One of the factors causing rice production disturbance in Indonesia is that farmers lack knowledge of early symptoms of rice plant diseases. These diseases are increasingly rampant because of the lack of experts. This study aimed to overcome this problem by providing an Expert System that helps farmers to make an early diagnosis of rice plant diseases. Data of rice plant pests and diseases in 2016 were taken from Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia using an in-depth survey, and rice experts from the Department of Food Crops and Horticulture of East Kalimantan Province were recruited for the project. The Expert System for Rice Plant Disease Diagnosis, ESforRPD2, was developed based on the pest and disease experiences of the rice experts and uses a Waterfall Paradigm and Unified Modeling Language. This Expert System can detect 48 symptoms and 8 types of diseases of rice plants from 16 data tests with a sensitivity of 87.5%. ESforRPD2 is available in Indonesian at http://esforrpd2.blog.unmul.ac.id
Schools without walls during the Portuguese Revolution: the Student Civic Service (1974-77)
Authors: Oliveira Luísa Tiago de 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article deals with the Student Civic Service (SCS) of 1974-77, and in particular the Labour and Culture Plan, which was concerned with the collection of ethnographic data and with intervention within the population as it existed in 1975. The SCS was affected by a combination of political conflicts and social dynamics that demanded a new form of political language and social experiences. It facilitated a new appreciation, new discoveries and new challenges between the students and the populations within which they served in terms of politics, customs, generic identities, religion, food, housing and hygiene. Some of the interventions were of a nature that could be characterized by the assumption of identities that were, to a large extent, marked by collective hope. This article pays attention to the history/memory binomial as well as to the relevance of the social movements during the revolutionary period.
The Poet and the Woman
Authors: Radnóti Miklós 
Published: February 2019

Miklós Radnóti (1909-1944) was a major Hungarian poet of the interwar period and Holocaust. Like his various volumes of poetry, the prose in this collection also combines traditional and modern themes and styles-and often produces unexpected results. Radnóti studied at what is today the University of Szeged and, in 1935, published his dissertation on the work of the novelist and poet Margit Kaffka (1880-1918). Born into a Jewish family in Budapest, Radnóti also spent time in France and Czechoslovakia before World War II. After periods of forced labor in Ukraine and Serbia, he was executed near Győr on one of the death marches in 1944.This set of pre-war prose pieces spans a wide variety of settings, from peasant huts in Hungary to a bohemian nightclub in Venice, and from a ceramics studio to airports and battleships. The forms of the stories range from fables to triptychs of naturalistic vignettes, from spare, conversational narratives to a silent drama. As always, Radnóti’s emphasis is on emotions and people, whether they are writers, grieving children, booksellers, prostitutes, porters, or apprentices. More than anything, these are stories of lovers and love, dogged, irrepressible, illusion-free, and content-or at least natural.John K. Cox, the translator, is a professor of East European History at North Dakota State University.
Photobiological safety of LED-based lighting systems – theory and practical hazard assessment
Authors: Haferkemper Nils , Pepler Wjatscheslaw 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article gives an insight into the theory and application of photobiological safety assessment. To illustrate several aspects of this topic, the project ‘Measurement and assessment of optical radiation sources, relevant to the general population – Risk estimation to the eye, especially blue light hazard and glare’ by the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection, where 40 different products were measured and assessed, is used as an exemplary case. Products were chosen which were promoted to have a high output intensity and which are available to the public. Most of the products with incoherent radiation were classified in risk group 2 according to DIN EN 62471:2009 [DIN EN 62471:2009 – ‘Photobiologische Sicherheit von Lampen und Lampensystemen’]. Only a few of them were labeled correctly or had the right warning notice. Additionally, to the results of this market survey, practical aspects of the hazard measurement and assessment are emphasized.
Isolation and Characterization of a Phage to Control Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Raza Taskeen , Andleeb Saadia , Ullah Sidra Rahmat , Jamal Muhsin , Mehmood Khalid , Ali Muhammad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnterococcus faecium, is an important nosocomial pathogen with increased incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) – specifically Vancomycin resistance.E. faeciumconstitutes the normal microbiota of the human intestine as well as exists in the hospitals and sewage, thus making the microorganism difficult to eliminate. Phage therapy has gained attention for controlling bacterial MDR infections and contaminations. We have successfully isolated from waste water and characterized a lytic bacteriophage STH1 capable of targeting Vancomycin resistantEnterococcus faecium(VREF) with high specificity. The phage was isolated from sewage water of a hospital at district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Initial characterization showed that magnesium and calcium ions significantly increased phage adsorption to the host. One step growth experiment showed a latent period of 18 min with burst size of 334 virions per cell. Optimal temperature and pH of the phage was 37°C and 7.0, respectively. Phage application to host strain grown in milk and water (treated and untreated) showed that the phage efficiently controlled bacterial growth. The study suggests that the phage STH1 can serve as potential control agent forE. faeciuminfections in medical facilities and in other environmental contaminations.
Glycogen Phosphorylase Isoenzyme Bb, Myoglobin and BNP in ANT-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Di Jia-Yin , Zhang Zong-Xin , Xin Shao-Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnthracyline (ANT) has been demonstrated as a useful treatment for leukemia and solid tumors. However, ANT has previously reported cardiotoxic effects, which can reduce the therapeutic index for cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the associations of glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB), myoglobin (Mb), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) with anthracycline (ANT-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC)) amongst the Chinese population. Patients suffering from leukemia were recruited. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were used along with chemotherapy to determine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity (E/A), E-wave deceleration time (EDT), and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT). Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was employed to examine and compare serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels. Following chemotherapy, the patients presented higher levels of serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP than before chemotherapy treatment. The levels of LVEF (%), E/A, and IVRT were significantly decreased after chemotherapy, while EDT was markedly increased. The cumulative ANT dose was positively corelated to serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels while it was negatively corelated to LVEF levels. In conclusion, serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels in combination might provide higher diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of AIC compared with other single indicators.
Plasmonic field guided patterning of ordered colloidal nanostructures
Authors: Huang Xiaoping , Chen Kai , Qi Mingxi , Zhang Peifeng , Li Yu , Winnerl Stephan , Schneider Harald , Yang Yuanjie , Zhang Shuang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Nano-patterned colloidal plasmonic metasurfaces are capable of manipulation of light at the subwavelength scale. However, achieving controllable lithography-free nano-patterning for colloidal metasurfaces still remains a major challenge, limiting their full potential in building advanced plasmonic devices. Here, we demonstrate plasmonic field guided patterning (PFGP) of ordered colloidal metallic nano-patterns using orthogonal laser standing evanescent wave (LSEW) fields. We achieved colloidal silver nano-patterns with a large area of 30 mm2 in <10 min by using orthogonal LSEW fields with a non-focused ultralow fluence irradiation of 0.25 W cm−2. The underlying mechanism of the formation of the nano-patterns is the light-induced polarization of the nanoparticles (NPs), which leads to a dipole-dipole interaction for stabilizing the nano-pattern formation, as confirmed by polarization-dependent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This optical field-directed self-assembly of NPs opens an avenue for designing and fabricating reconfigurable colloidal nano-patterned metasurfaces in large areas.
Improvement of High-Order Harmonic Generation Via Controlling Multiple Acceleration–Recombination Process
Authors: Li Yi , Feng Li-Qiang , Qiao Yan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The multiple acceleration–recombination process in high-order harmonic generation (HHG) has been investigated and discussed. Generally, the HHG can be explained through the ionization–acceleration–recombination process in each half-cycle waveform of the laser field. In this article, through the waveform control via the two-colour frequency-chirping laser field, the multiple acceleration–recombination process of the free electron in a specific “W” waveform structure can be found, which will lead to the larger emitted photon energies. Moreover, with the optimization of this “W” waveform by changing the frequency chirps, the carrier envelope phases, and the delay time, not only the efficiency of HHG can be enhanced compared with that from the original chirp-free pulse, but also the larger harmonic cutoff can be obtained. Further, with the assistance of the unipolar pulses, the cutoff and the efficiency of HHG can be further improved, showing a water window spectral continuum with the intensity enhancement of 66 times. As a result, by properly superposing some selected harmonics on the spectral continuum, three intense 38-as pulses in the water window region can be obtained.
Biocatalysis for terpene-based polymers
Authors: Farhat Wissam , Stamm Arne , Robert-Monpate Maxime , Biundo Antonino , Syrén Per-Olof 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Accelerated generation of bio-based materials is vital to replace current synthetic polymers obtained from petroleum with more sustainable options. However, many building blocks available from renewable resources mainly contain unreactive carbon-carbon bonds, which obstructs their efficient polymerization. Herein, we highlight the potential of applying biocatalysis to afford tailored functionalization of the inert carbocyclic core of multicyclic terpenes toward advanced materials. As a showcase, we unlock the inherent monomer reactivity of norcamphor, a bicyclic ketone used as a monoterpene model system in this study, to afford polyesters with unprecedented backbones. The efficiencies of the chemical and enzymatic Baeyer–Villiger transformation in generating key lactone intermediates are compared. The concepts discussed herein are widely applicable for the valorization of terpenes and other cyclic building blocks using chemoenzymatic strategies.
Training and Competition Activity Profiles of Australian Football Field Umpires
Authors: Jessiman Sean W. , Harvey Briana , Corrigan Sean L. , Gastin Paul B. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Jessiman, SW, Harvey, B, Corrigan, SL, and Gastin, PB. Training and competition activity profiles of Australian football field umpires. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2956–2964, 2020—The purpose of this study was to determine the activity profiles of Australian football (AF) field umpires during training and competition, and subsequently assess the specificity to competition of locomotor training sessions. Microtechnology incorporating a 5-Hz (interpolated to 15 Hz) global positioning system sensor tracked the movements of 24 field umpires during matches at the Melbourne Cricket Ground and fitness and skill-based training sessions before competition. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests determined whether significant differences existed between single training session and competition paired samples, with Cohen's d effect size and percent differences describing the magnitude of the training-competition differences. Absolute measures of total (d = 5.4; percent difference = 85.8%) and high-speed distance (>14.4 km·h−1) (1.0; 36.9%), as well as accelerations (3.3; 106.3%) and decelerations (3.2; 107.5%) were significantly greater during competition compared with training (p < 0.001). When standardized for time, high-speed distance (1.4; 52.0%), sprint distance (>23.0 km·h−1) (0.9; 121.5%), sprint efforts (1.0; 107.4%), and high acceleration (1.1; 114.3%) and deceleration (0.6; 66.7%) events (≥3 m·s−2) were greater during training (p < 0.001). No difference between training and competition was observed for relative distance. A single training session did not match the volume of work during competition, due primarily to large differences in duration. By contrast, training sessions were higher in intensity, likely to compensate for the shorter duration of training. Further research is required to determine whether the total weekly training load is sufficient to maintain and develop the competition-specific fitness of AF field umpires.
Sex Differences in the Health Status of Endurance Runners: Results From the NURMI Study (Step 2)
Authors: Boldt Patrick , Knechtle Beat , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Lechleitner Christoph , Wirnitzer Gerold , Leitzmann Claus , Wirnitzer Katharina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Boldt, P, Knechtle, B, Nikolaidis, P, Lechleitner, C, Wirnitzer, G, Leitzmann, C, and Wirnitzer, K. Sex differences in the health status of endurance runners: results from the NURMI study (step 2). J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1929–1940, 2019—Optimized endurance performance is closely linked to a good health status (HS), which is crucially affected by sex. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in the HS of endurance runners of different distances. A total of 281 female and male recreational runners completed an online survey. Health status included body mass, smoking habits, felt stress, chronic diseases, allergies, intolerances, medication intake, supplement intake, health-related food choice, enhancement substance use, and health care utilization. Data analysis was performed using the independent t-test and chi-squared test with Cohen's d and Cramer's phi (φ) to evaluate the magnitude of the differences and associations. There were 159 female and 122 male participants, with 173 runners meeting the inclusion criteria, among them 103 half-marathoners, and 70 marathoners and ultramarathoners, of which one hundred eight 10-km runners were defined as the control group. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was determined for the following findings: there was a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in women; the use of thyroid medication and the intake of hormones and supplements prescribed by a doctor were more common in women; men reported more often a decrease in body mass due to running training, and women reported more often choosing food to obtain phytochemicals. There was no statistically significant association (p > 0.05) between sex and body mass change because of a change in diet, smoking habits, felt stress, chronic diseases except hypothyroidism, allergies, food intolerances, intake of antihypertensives and cholesterol-lowering medication, intake of performance-enhancing substances, or health care utilization. Both female and male runners had a good HS with no difference between sexes. Based on the findings of this study, monitoring thyroid parameters and vitamin D levels is required in female athletes, whereas adequate body mass control strategies are needed for their male counterparts.
Calcium Channel Subunit α2δ4 Is Regulated by Early Growth Response 1 and Facilitates Epileptogenesis
Authors: van Loo Karen M.J. , Rummel Christine K. , Pitsch Julika , Müller Johannes Alexander , Bikbaev Arthur F. , Martinez-Chavez Erick , Blaess Sandra , Dietrich Dirk , Heine Martin , Becker Albert J. , Schoch Susanne 
Published: February 2019

Transient brain insults, including status epilepticus (SE), can trigger a period of epileptogenesis during which functional and structural reorganization of neuronal networks occurs resulting in the onset of focal epileptic seizures. In recent years, mechanisms that regulate the dynamic transcription of individual genes during epileptogenesis and thereby contribute to the development of a hyperexcitable neuronal network have been elucidated. Our own results have shown early growth response 1 (Egr1) to transiently increase expression of the T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+channel (VDCC) subunit CaV3.2, a key proepileptogenic protein. However, epileptogenesis involves complex and dynamic transcriptomic alterations; and so far, our understanding of the transcriptional control mechanism of gene regulatory networks that act in the same processes is limited. Here, we have analyzed whether Egr1 acts as a key transcriptional regulator for genes contributing to the development of hyperexcitability during epileptogenesis. We found Egr1 to drive the expression of the VDCC subunit α2δ4, which was augmented early and persistently after pilocarpine-induced SE. Furthermore, we show that increasing levels of α2δ4 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus elevate seizure susceptibility of mice by slightly decreasing local network activity. Interestingly, we also detected increased expression levels of Egr1 and α2δ4 in human hippocampal biopsies obtained from epilepsy surgery. In conclusion, Egr1 controls the abundance of the VDCC subunits CaV3.2 and α2δ4, which act synergistically in epileptogenesis, and thereby contributes to a seizure-induced “transcriptional Ca2+channelopathy.”SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe onset of focal recurrent seizures often occurs after an epileptogenic process induced by transient insults to the brain. Recently, transcriptional control mechanisms for individual genes involved in converting neurons hyperexcitable have been identified, including early growth response 1 (Egr1), which activates transcription of the T-type Ca2+channel subunit CaV3.2. Here, we find Egr1 to regulate also the expression of the voltage-dependent Ca2+channel subunit α2δ4, which was augmented after pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. In addition, we observed that α2δ4 affected spontaneous network activity and the susceptibility for seizure induction. Furthermore, we detected corresponding dynamics in human biopsies from epilepsy patients. In conclusion, Egr1 orchestrates a seizure-induced “transcriptional Ca2+channelopathy” consisting of CaV3.2 and α2δ4, which act synergistically in epileptogenesis.
Identification and Expression Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs in Fat-Tail of Sheep Breeds
Authors: Bakhtiarizadeh Mohammad Reza , Salami Seyed Alireza 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of a diverse range of biological processes. However, most studies have been focused on a few established model organisms and little is known about lncRNAs in fat-tail development in sheep. Here, the first profile of lncRNA in sheep fat-tail along with their possible roles in fat deposition were investigated, based on a comparative transcriptome analysis between fat-tailed (Lori-Bakhtiari) and thin-tailed (Zel) Iranian sheep breeds. Among all identified lncRNAs candidates, 358 and 66 transcripts were considered novel intergenic (lincRNAs) and novel intronic (ilncRNAs) corresponding to 302 and 58 gene loci, respectively. Our results indicated that a low percentage of the novel lncRNAs were conserved. Also, synteny analysis identified 168 novel lincRNAs with the same syntenic region in human, bovine and chicken. Only seven lncRNAs were identified as differentially expressed genes between fat and thin tailed breeds. Q-RT-PCR results were consistent with the RNA-Seq data and validated the findings. Target prediction analysis revealed that the novel lncRNAs may act in cis or trans and regulate the expression of genes that are involved in the lipid metabolism. A gene regulatory network including lncRNA-mRNA interactions were constructed and three significant modules were found, with genes relevant to lipid metabolism, insulin and calcium signaling pathway. Moreover, integrated analysis with AnimalQTLdb database further suggested six lincRNAs and one ilncRNAs as candidates of sheep fat-tail development. Our results highlighted the putative contributions of lncRNAs in regulating expression of genes associated with fat-tail development in sheep.