bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of childhood hearing impairment of different severities in urban and rural areas: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Cheng-Yu , Tseng Yen-Cheng , Guo How-Ran , Lai Der-Chung 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveChildhood hearing impairment (CHI) is a major developmental disability, but data at the national level are limited, especially those on different severities. We conducted a study to fill this data gap.DesignA nationwide study on the basis of a reporting system.SettingTo provide services to disabled citizens, the Taiwanese government maintains a registry of certified cases. Using data from this registry, we estimated prevalence rates of CHI of different severities from 2004 to 2010 and made comparisons between urban and rural areas.ParticipantsTaiwanese citizens ≤17 years old.Primary outcome measuresTo qualify for CHI disability benefits, a child must have an unaided pure-tone better ear hearing level at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz with an average ≥55 decibels (dB), confirmed by an otolaryngologist. The severity was classified by pure-tone better ear hearing level as mild (55–69 dB), moderate (70–89 dB) and severe (≥90 dB).ResultsThe registered cases under 17 years old decreased annually from 4075 in 2004 to 3533 in 2010, but changes in the prevalence rate were small, ranging from 7.62/10 000 in 2004 to 7.91/10 000 in 2006. The prevalence rates of mild CHI increased in all areas over time, but not those of moderate or severe CHI. Rural areas had higher overall prevalence rates than urban areas in all years, with rate ratios (RRs) between 1.01 and 1.09. By severity, rural areas had higher prevalence rates of mild (RRs between 1.08 and 1.25) and moderate (RRs between 1.06 and 1.21) CHI but had lower prevalence rates of severe CHI (RRs between 0.92 and 0.99).ConclusionWhile rural areas had higher overall prevalence rates of CHI than urban areas, the RRs decreased with CHI severity. Further studies that identify factors affecting the rural–urban difference might help the prevention of CHI.
Disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis and infection risk: a cohort study
Authors: Wijnands José Maria Andreas , Zhu Feng , Kingwell Elaine , Fisk John David , Evans Charity , Marrie Ruth Ann , Zhao Yinshan , Tremlett Helen 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveLittle is known about disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) and infection risk in clinical practice. We examined the association between DMTs and infection-related medical encounters.MethodsUsing population-based administrative data from British Columbia, Canada, we identified MS cases and followed them from their first demyelinating event (1996–2013) until emigration, death or study end (December 2013). Associations between DMT exposure (by DMT generation or class) and infection-related physician or hospital claims were assessed using recurrent time-to-events models, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, index year and comorbidity count. Results were reported as adjusted HRs (aHRs).ResultsOf 6793 MS cases, followed for 8.5 years (mean), 1716 (25.3%) were DMT exposed. Relative to no DMT, exposure to any first-generation DMT (beta-interferon or glatiramer acetate) was not associated with infection-related physician claims (aHR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.02), nor was exposure to these drug classes when assessed separately. Exposure to any second-generation DMT (oral DMT or natalizumab) was associated with an increased hazard of an infection-related physician claim (aHR: 1.47; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85); when assessed individually, the association was significant for natalizumab (aHR: 1.59; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.11) but not the oral DMTs (aHR: 1.17; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.56). While no DMTs were associated with infection-related hospital claims, these hospitalisations were also uncommon.ConclusionExposure to first-generation DMTs was not associated with an altered infection risk. However, exposure to the second-generation DMTs was, with natalizumab associated with a 59% increased risk of an infection-related physician claim. Continued pharmacovigilance is warranted, including an investigation of the DMT-associated infection burden on patient outcomes.
Survival rate and predictors of mortality in patients hospitalised with heart failure: a cohort study on the data of Persian registry of cardiovascular disease (PROVE)
Authors: Givi Mahshid , Shafie Davood , Nouri Fatemeh , Garakyaraghi Mohammad , Yadegarfar Ghasem , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesHeart failure (HF) has a high rate of hospitalisation and mortality. We examined its risk factors, survival rate and the predictors.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, demographic, clinical and treatment data of 1223 patients hospitalised with HF were extracted from the Persian Registry Of cardio Vascular diseasE (PROVE)/HF registry. Survival rate and HR and their association with other variables were assessed.Results835 (68.3%) were censored, while 388 (31.7%) patients were deceased. Mean age and frequency of hypotension during hospitalisation, tachycardia, pulmonary hypertension and anaemia, hyponatremia, heart valve disease and renal disease of the deceased patients was significantly higher than censored patients (15.2vs6.1%, 51.1vs40.1%, 24.4vs16.7%, 39.0vs31.8%, respectively, p&lt;0.05). ACE inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (89.8%vs82.1%, respectively) and beta blocker (BB) (81.1%vs75.5%, respectively) were higher in follow–up in the censored group (p&lt;0.001 and 0.02, respectively). Crude Cox regression analysis identified age, tachycardia, hypotension, anaemia, pulmonary hypertension and heart valve disease as predictors of mortality (HR &gt;1) and using ACEI/ARB and BB as predictors of life (HR &lt;1, p&lt;0.05). After adjustment, all variables lost their significance, except BB (HR 0.63, p=0.03) and tachycardia (HR 1.74, p=0.01) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV (HR 1.90, p=0.04) became significant predictors.ConclusionsWe found a high mortality rate (31.7%). As NYHA class IV and tachycardia were significant predictors of mortality after adjustment, an effective measure can be treatment of underlying diseases, which deteriorate patients’ conditions. Monitoring of medications for at–risk group, especially BB that predicts life, is important.
Local Cortisol Elevation Contributes to Endometrial Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Qi Jia , Wang Wangsheng , Zhu Qinling , He Yaqiong , Lu Yao , Wang Yuan , Li Xiaoxue , Chen Zi-jiang , Sun Yun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Context
Endometrial insulin resistance (IR) may account for the endometrial dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.

Objective
To investigate whether the abundance of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs) 1 and 2 and cortisol as well as the insulin signaling pathway are altered in PCOS endometrium and to clarify the relationship between endometrial IR and local cortisol.

Design
We measured cortisol and cortisone concentrations, 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2, and core insulin signaling molecules in endometrial biopsies collected from non-PCOS and PCOS with or without IR patients on the seventh day after human chorionic gonadotropin injection. We also studied the effects of cortisol on glucose uptake and the insulin signaling pathway in primary cultured endometrial epithelial cells (EECs).

Results
The cortisol concentration was elevated, whereas 11β-HSD2 expression was diminished in endometrial biopsies obtained from PCOS with IR patients compared with those from non-PCOS and PCOS without IR patients. The implantation rate was relatively impaired and the endometrial insulin signaling pathway was defective in PCOS with IR patients. In addition, cortisol attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in EECs, which was mediated by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter type 4 translocation via induction of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN).

Conclusions
Decreased oxidation of cortisol and defects of insulin signaling in endometrium were observed in PCOS with IR patients. The excessive cortisol level, derived from the reduction of 11β-HSD2, might contribute to the development of endometrial IR by inhibiting the insulin signaling pathway via induction of PTEN expression in EECs.
45,X/46,XY Mosaicism Presenting With Isolated Unilateral Cryptorchidism and a Normal Blood Karyotype
Authors: Morandi Grazia , Cerbone Manuela , Lamback Elisa B , Rapti Eleni , Dattani Mehul T 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Context
45,X/46,XY mosaicism is a disorder of sex development leading to abnormal gonadal development and to unpredictable genital phenotype, growth, and pubertal development.

Case Description
A 2-year-old male presented with a right impalpable testis. Blood karyotype was 46,XY. A laparoscopy performed for right orchidopexy revealed a right streak gonad with Mullerian structures, whereas on the left side, a normal descended testis was present. The karyotype of the removed gonad was 45,X/46,XY. The child grew along the second centile, within the midparental height (MPH) range, until the time of puberty, when linear growth worsened due to a lack of a pubertal growth spurt, and growth hormone (GH) therapy was initiated. He developed spontaneous puberty (13 years of age) and showed normal pubertal progression. However, from the age of 15 years, he had low normal testosterone, raised follicle-stimulating hormone, and reduction of inhibin B, possibly suggestive of declining testicular function. His final height was −2.24 standard deviation score (SDS) (−2.4 SDS at GH start; MPH −1.6 SDS).

Conclusions
Our case describes a mild male phenotype associated with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism characterized by unilateral cryptorchidism, spontaneous onset of puberty, and normal blood karyotype. The case illustrates the difficulties inherent in making a diagnosis of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism when there is no genital ambiguity and makes the point that growth and testicular impairment may occur, mostly manifesting during adolescence. An early diagnosis is crucial to initiate careful monitoring for growth and pubertal disorders, increased tumor risk, and fertility issues commonly seen in these children.
Insulin resistance and clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ago Tetsuro , Matsuo Ryu , Hata Jun , Wakisaka Yoshinobu , Kuroda Junya , Kitazono Takanari , Kamouchi Masahiro ,   On behalf of the Fukuoka Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to determine whether insulin resistance is associated with clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke.MethodsWe enrolled 4,655 patients with acute ischemic stroke (aged 70.3 ± 12.5 years, 63.5% men) who had been independent before admission; were hospitalized in 7 stroke centers in Fukuoka, Japan, from April 2009 to March 2015; and received no insulin therapy during hospitalization. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score was calculated using fasting blood glucose and insulin levels measured 8.3 ± 7.8 days after onset. Study outcomes were neurologic improvement (≥4-point decrease in NIH Stroke Scale score or 0 at discharge), poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3 at 3 months), and 3-month prognosis (stroke recurrence and all-cause mortality). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of the HOMA-IR score with clinical outcomes.ResultsThe HOMA-IR score was associated with neurologic improvement (odds ratio, 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.83], top vs bottom quintile) and with poor functional outcome (2.02 [1.52–2.68], top vs bottom quintile) after adjusting for potential confounding factors, including diabetes and body mass index. HOMA-IR was not associated with stroke recurrence or mortality within 3 months of onset. The associations were maintained in nondiabetic or nonobese patients. No heterogeneity was observed according to age, sex, stroke subtype, or stroke severity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that insulin resistance is independently associated with poor functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke apart from the risk of short-term stroke recurrence or mortality.
Reviews
Authors: Hawthorn Ruth , Jacoby Alexander , Miller Monica C. , Pollack Harriet , Shermer Elizabeth Tandy , Ward Jonathan , Weiss Katherine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
War Noir: Raymond Chandler and the Hardboiled Detective as Veteran in American Detective Fiction, Sarah Trott (2016) Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 221 pp., ISBN: 9781496808646, h/bk, $65
Manga in America: Transnational Book Publishing and the Domestication of Japanese Comics, Casey Brienza (2016) London and New York: Bloomsbury, 214 pp., ISBN: 9781472595874, p/bk, £21.99, h/bk, £63.00, e/bk, £19.79
Manga and Anime Go To Hollywood: The Amazing Rapidly Evolving Relationship between Hollywood and Japanese Animation, Manga, Television and Film, Northrop Davis (2016) London and New York: Bloomsbury, 410 pp., ISBN: 9781623561444, p/bk, £20.99, h/bk, £80.00, e/bk, £18.89
Keywords for Southern Studies, Scott Romine and Jennifer Rae Greeson (eds) (2016) Athens: University of Georgia Press, 336 pp., ISBN: 9780820340616, h/bk, $89.95, 411 pp., ISBN: 9780820349626, p/bk, $32.95
Emmett Till in different genres
The Blood of Emmett Till, Timothy B. Tyson (2017) New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, New Delhi: Simon & Schuster, 218 pp., ISBN-13: 9781476714844, h/bk, $27.00, ISBN-13: 9781476714851, p/bk, $17.00, ISBN-13: 9781476714868, e/bk, $12.99
Writing to Save a Life: The Louis Till File, John Edgar Wideman (2016) New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, New Delhi: Scribner, 193 pp., ISBN-13: 9781501147289, h/bk, $25.00, ISBN-13: 9781501147296, p/bk, $16.00, ISBN-13: 9781501147302, e/bk, $11.95
Emmett Till in Different States, Philip C. Kolin (2015) Chicago: Third World Press, 72 pp., ISBN-13: 9780883783603, p/bk, $18.95
The ongoing crisis in American colleges
The Student Loan Mess: How Good Intentions Created a Trillion-Dollar Problem, Joel Best and Eric Best (2014) Berkeley: University of California Press, 248 pp., ISBN: 9780520276451, h/bk, $34.95, £27.95; p/bk, $26.95, £21.95
The Capitalist University: The Transformations of Higher Education in the United States, 1945–2016, Henry Heller (2016) London: Pluto Press, 264 pp., ISBN: 9780745336589, h/bk, $35.00, £22.37
Degrees of Inequality: How the Politics of Higher Education Sabotaged the American Dream, Suzanne Mettler (2014) New York: Basic Books, 272 pp., ISBN: 9780465044962, p/bk, $27.99
No Tea, No Shade: New Writings in Black Queer Studies, E. Patrick Johnson (ed.) (2016) Durham, NC; London: Duke University Press, 422 pp., ISBN: 9780822362425, p/bk, $28.95
Tennessee Williams, Paul Ibell (2016) London: Reaktion Books, 192 pp., ISBN: 9781780236629, p/bk, $19
Vision, revelation, violence: Technology and expanded perception within photographic history
Authors: Slevin Tom 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article considers photography’s role as a visual technology and the consequent effects of expanded frames of knowledge. At the very moment human vision and memory were called into profound doubt, photography provided a mechanical, prosthetic extension to perceptual experience. However, as a technology, it contains the potential for both revelation and control. In this article, photography is considered as a technique that: expands human perception; inscribes its own mechanical operations into new visual forms, therefore enframing and encoding visible knowledge; and can be harnessed as a disciplinary instrument and technique of power. As a consequence, photography’s revealing of hitherto invisible dimensions of reality unfolds within a history of revelation, spectacle and power.
Crystal structure of bis(μ
2-pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioato-κ
3
S,S′:S;κ
3
S:S:S′)-bis(tricyclohexylphosphane-P)-di-copper(I), C46H82Cu2N2P2S4
Authors: Tan Yi Jiun , Yeo Chien Ing , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
C46H82Cu2N2P2S4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.6189(2) Å, b = 12.2846(2) Å, c = 18.1744(2) Å, α = 97.3210(10)°, β = 106.3080(10)°, γ = 99.312(2)°, V = 2415.65(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.025, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.066, T = 100(2) K.
A Whole Genome Assembly of the Horn Fly, Haematobia irritans, and Prediction of Genes with Roles in Metabolism and Sex Determination
Authors: Konganti Kranti , Guerrero Felix D , Schilkey Faye , Ngam Peter , Jacobi Jennifer L , Umale Pooja E , Perez de Leon Adalberto A , Threadgill David W 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Haematobia irritans, commonly known as the horn fly, is a globally distributed blood-feeding pest of cattle that is responsible for significant economic losses to cattle producers. Chemical insecticides are the primary means for controlling this pest but problems with insecticide resistance have become common in the horn fly. To provide a foundation for identification of genomic loci for insecticide resistance and for discovery of new control technology, we report the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the horn fly genome. The assembled genome is 1.14 Gb, comprising 76,616 scaffolds with N50 scaffold length of 23 Kb. Using RNA-Seq data, we have predicted 34,413 gene models of which 19,185 have been assigned functional annotations. Comparative genomics analysis with the Dipteran flies Musca domestica L., Drosophila melanogaster, and Lucilia cuprina, show that the horn fly is most closely related to M. domestica, sharing 8,748 orthologous clusters followed by D. melanogaster and L. cuprina, sharing 7,582 and 7,490 orthologous clusters respectively. We also identified a gene locus for the sodium channel protein in which mutations have been previously reported that confers target site resistance to the most common class of pesticides used in fly control. Additionally, we identified 276 genomic loci encoding members of metabolic enzyme gene families such as cytochrome P450s, esterases and glutathione S-transferases, and several genes orthologous to sex determination pathway genes in other Dipteran species.
ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ İLE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: DÜŞÜK VE ORTA GELİRLİ ÜLKELER ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AYDIN Mücahit 
Published: March 2018

Bu
çalışmada enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki düşük ve orta
gelir grubu ülkeler için 1971-2013 dönemi verileri kullanılarak incelenmiştir.
Bu amaçla değişkenler arasındaki ilişki Kónya panel nedensellik testi
kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ampirik sonuçlara göre düşük ve orta gelir grubuna
dâhil ülkelerde çoğunlukla tarafsızlık hipotezinin geçerli olduğu
görülmektedir. Geribildirim hipotezinin ise yalnızca Kenya için geçerli olduğu
çalışmadan elde edilen bir başka sonuçtur.
Sonuç olarak ekonomik büyüme ile enerji tüketimi arasındaki nedensellik
ilişkisinin yönü için zaman ve ülke boyutuna göre farklılaşmalar olduğunu
söylemek mümkündür.
COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİYLE ATIK TOPLAMA ARAÇLARININ ROTALARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: CİNGÖZ Kısmet , GÜRGEN Ender , BEYHAN Burak 
Published: March 2018

Tersine lojistik, özellikle son yıllarda artan çevresel
kaygılar, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve yasal düzenlemeler nedeniyle bütün
organizasyonlar için önemli bir çalışma alanı olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda,
işletmeler kullanılmış ürünleri/atıkları en kısa sürede, en az maliyetle ve
uğraması gereken bütün noktalara uğrayacak şekilde toplama yapmayı
amaçlarlar. Özellikle Araç Rotalama Problemleri,
bu amaca ulaşmada kullanılan en önemli yöntemlerden birisidir. Bu çerçevede, bu
çalışmanın amacı, ambalaj atığı toplama ve ayırma lisansına sahip bir
işletmenin atık toplarken izleyebileceği en uygun rotayı Coğrafi Bilgi
Sistemleri yardımı ile belirlemektir. Rotalar belirlenirken OpenJUMP ile gvSIG
programları kullanılmış ve işletmenin hizmet verdiği Mersin İli Yenişehir
Belediyesi sınırları içerisindeki 9 mahalle için izlenmesi önerilen rotalar belirlenmiştir.
ERKEK ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KRONOTİPE GÖRE SAĞLIKLI YAŞAM BİÇİMİ DAVRANIŞLARI VE FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYLERİ
Authors: TOKTAŞ Neşe , ERDEM K. Alparslan , YETİK Onur 
Published: March 2018

Kronotipe göre, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi
davranışlarının ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılan
çalışmaya 23 sabahçıl, 49 ara tip ve 32 akşamcıl tip olmak üzere toplam 104 erkek
üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Horne-Ostberg’in
sabahçıl-akşamcıl tipi anket formu, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeği
ve Uluslararası fiziksel aktivite anketi (kısa form) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin
değerlendirilmesinde One Way Anova veya Kruskal Wallis varyans analizi
uygulanmış, Pearson korelasyon testi ile ilişkiler değerlendirilmiştir.
Kronotipe göre fiziksel aktivite düzeyi toplam puanı, şiddetli, orta şiddetli
aktivite, yürüme ve oturma puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktur
(p&gt;0,05). Kronotipe göre, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları toplam puanı ve
sağlık sorumluluğu, egzersiz, kişiler arası destek, stres yönetimi, beslenme
alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir fark yokken (p&gt;0,05), sabahçıl bireylerin
kendini gerçekleştirme alt boyutu akşamcıllardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur
(p&lt;0,05). Sabahçıl akşamcıl tipi anket formu toplam puanı ile sağlıklı yaşam
biçimi davranışları toplam puanı arasında&nbsp;
% 20,7 oranında zayıf pozitif bir ilişki varken (rs=0,207;
p=0,04), sabahçıl akşamcıl tipi anket formu toplam puanı ile fiziksel aktivite
düzeyi toplam puanı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur (rs=0,186;
p=0,07).
Не божий дар, а феномен природы
Authors: Ильинский Игорь Михайлович 
Published: March 2018

<p>Статья представляет авторское осмысление личности и творчества русского писателя И. А. Бунина. В центре внимания автора — проблема психического состояния гениального творца, в том числе роли наследственности. В основе анализа — теория эвропатологии Г. В. Сегалина, писавшего о патологиях как биологических факторах гениальности.</p><p>Анализируются родословная И. А. Бунина, особенности биографии его родителей, самого писателя. Приводятся свидетельства очевидцев, высказывания Бунина о себе, упоминаются факты его жизни.<em> </em></p>