bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexibility and control in managing collaborative and in-house NPD
Authors: Curtis Emer , Sweeney Breda 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Prior literature provides little insight on how management control systems have responded to the growth of collaborative new product development (NPD). The purpose of this paper is to contrast the use of budgets to manage collaborative and in-house NPD and to consider the implications for enabling flexibility.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reports on the findings of a case study company in the medical devices industry that uses two different business models for its NPD activities. While the company engages in in-house NPD for its own products, it also engages in collaborative NPD services with a range of customers.

Findings
The study illuminates how two types of budgets (annual and project) can have very different impacts on flexibility under different business models. The annual financial budgets imposed rigid constraints on in-house NPD and resulted in reduced flexibility, whereas in collaborative NPD, they had little impact on flexibility. Project budgets created hard operational constraints in collaborative NPD which generated a highly pressurised yet highly creative environment, whereas project budgets had little impact on flexibility in in-house NPD.

Originality/value
The study contributes detailed empirical insights into the control systems used to manage collaborative NPD from the supplier perspective, where creativity is largely responsive and contrasts these with the management of in-house NPD where creativity is largely expected. The authors also contribute an analysis of the key control systems and other factors that sustain flexibility in this highly pressurised open innovation environment.
Advancing labour mobility in trade agreements
Authors: Lilly Meredith B. 
Published: April 2019

PurposeLabour mobility is increasingly recognized as an important component of a globalized international trading system. This paper aims to examine the role of temporary entry commitments in international trade agreements toward facilitating global labour mobility.Design/methodology/approachThis paper traces three decades of temporary entry provisions in international trade agreements signed by the USA and Canada, beginning with their bilateral Canada–US Free Trade Agreement and culminating in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).FindingsThe paper finds that while many countries have continued to liberalize their temporary entry commitments in various trade agreements, the USA has reversed course in the previous decade, hampering international progress. Meanwhile, Canada has pursued ever greater labour mobility provisions with most of its trading partners.Practical implicationsThe unique roles played by the USA, Canada and other trading partners in advancing a coherent international labour mobility agenda are considered. To continue to advance labour mobility in trade agreements moving forward, policy alternatives to the “all” or “nothing” approaches pursued by Canada and the USA are suggested.Originality/valueTo the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to formally evaluate labour mobility in the TPP and the only paper to outline the evolution of temporary entry in the US vs Canadian trade agreements over three decades.
Governance implications of CFIUS reform for US investment funds with foreign investors
Authors: Leiter Michael , Caccia John , Cruz Heather , Hoffman Michael , Schnell James , Schlager Ivan , Vieira Donald , Gafni Jonathan , Gerkin Daniel 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To explain how corporate governance is likely to be affected by drastic changes to national security reviews by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), especially for US funds with foreign investors.

Design/methodology/approach
The article summarizes the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018 (FIRRMA) and then details the pilot program and how to qualify for exceptions.

Findings
While many questions and considerations remain, including how FIRRMA will play out across various industries, we concluded that there will be an increase in CFIUS filings.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced national security and CFIUS lawyers.
Identifying a private-label supplier on national brand
Authors: Pérez-Santamaría Samanta , Martos-Partal Mercedes , Garrido-Morgado Álvaro 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of identifying suppliers on private label (PL) packaging on the perceived quality, brand image, loyalty intention and relative price of the national brands (NB) produced by dual manufacturers, considering the possible moderating effects of the images of both the NB and PL.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses an experimental setting with two different categories of grocery products.

Findings
The empirical evidence reveals different effects of PL supplier identification, according to brand images.

Research limitations/implications
This paper contributes to brand extension literature on the effects on evaluations of the parent brand. It also contributes insights about the identity and identification of PL manufacturers.

Practical implications
This supplier identification does not affect or positively affect to the perceived quality, brand image or loyalty toward NBs with lower images, but it negatively affects those with high images, especially when the PL also has a high image and adopts a stronger price positioning. Moreover, NBs with lower images appear more expensive or do not affect when they supply PLs for retailers with high images and stronger price positioning. However, if lower image NB supply a PL with the lower image, the effects do not affect or is perceived as cheaper.

Originality/value
This paper extends prior knowledge about the decision to function as a dual manufacturer from the manufacturer’s perspective.
Experts’ perceptions of management and leadership competence in Finnish hospitals in 2030
Authors: Pihlainen Vuokko , Kivinen Tuula , Lammintakanen Johanna 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to elicit and analyze experts’ perceptions of management and leadership competence (MLC) and likely MLC developments and requirements in hospital contexts by 2030.Design/methodology/approachA three-round, web-based Argument Delphi process was used to gather critically discussed opposing perceptions of 33 Finnish experts, which were subjected to inductive content analysis to identify themes.FindingsCurrent deficiencies in MLC and several trends (e.g. an ongoing shift towards collaborative management) and required improvements (e.g. a need to adopt more holistic approaches) were identified. However, there were some conflicting perceptions, regarding for example the desirability of fixed-term positions for managers.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings provide qualitative indications of a group of Finnish experts’ perceptions of MLC and requirements for its development, elicited using the Argument Delphi Method. Thus, they are subject to the usual limitations of the applied methodology and should be generalized to other contexts cautiously.Practical implicationsThe identification of current deficiencies and future requirements for MLC may facilitate the formulation of robust approaches for improving it in hospital contexts.Social implicationsThe findings may be useful for improving MLC in hospitals, thereby enhancing efficiency, teamwork, safety and client satisfaction in healthcare settings.Originality/valueThe Argument Delphi Method has been rarely used in health management science studies and healthcare context. It is intended to develop relevant arguments and reveal reasons for differing views about focal issues, thereby providing deeper understanding of experts’ perceptions of MLC and its likely development.
The potential of environmental impact as a result of the development of palm oil plantation
Authors: Syahza Almasdi 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop strategies for potential environmental impacts as a result of institutional arrangement and development of oil palm downstream industry both regionally and nationally.

Design/methodology/approach
The research location is in the areas potential for oil palm plantation development, either by plasma through BUMN and BUMS or self-supporting by the society. The research location will be divided into two parts, namely, the land area and the coastal area. The Riau land areas are Regency of Kampar, Rokan Hulu, and Kuantan Singingi, while Riau coastal areas are Regency of Pelalawan, Siak, Bengkalis, Indragiri Hilir, Indragiri Hulu and Rokan Hilir. Both research areas have different productivity due to the different soil fertility levels. The sustainability level of oil palm plantation from the socio-economic and environmental aspects is analyzed using the multi-dimensional scaling approach modified into Rapid Appraisal-Index Sustainability of Palm Oil Management.

Findings
In Riau Province, the development of oil palm is quite rapid. This is reasonable for several reasons which include the following supporting factors: the geographical condition of the Riau region is very supportive; the high demand for palm oil derivative products; the existence of market guarantee for oil palm farmers; the higher income oil palm generates than other plantation crops; and the relatively flat area. Most of the problems faced by oil palm farmers are the use of less good seeds, the length of the fruit laying at the location of the plantation, the inadequate production road, the relatively far distance to palm oil mill (POM) (National Agency of Drug and Food Control), the tendency of determining the unilateral revenue of the POM, the collectively measurement of revenue and the general revenue information. The development of oil palm plantations has created an entrepreneurial capability for farmers who are able to capture business opportunities in the agricultural sector, especially the plantation sub-sector.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper shows the comprehensively control strategy, potential of environmental impact and palm oil plantation. The method used for data collection was rapid rural appraisal method because accurate information is needed in a limited time as it relates to decisions related to village development that must be taken immediately. The study area was conducted in Riau Province because Riau Province is one of the biggest palm oil producers in Indonesia. The study sites will be divided into two, namely, the land area and the coastal area.
How do soil micro‐organisms respond to N, P and NP additions? Application of the ecological framework of (co‐)limitation by multiple resources
Authors: Ma Beibei , Zhou Xiaolong , Zhang Qi , Qin Mingsen , Hu Linggang , Yang Kena , Xie Zhen , Ma Wenbin , Chen Beibei , Feng Huyuan , Liu Yongjun , Du Guozhen , Ma Xiaojun , Le Roux Xavier 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) often limit biological processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Based on previous studies mainly focusing on plants, the concept of resource limitation has evolved towards a theory of (co)limitations by multiple resources. However, this ecological framework has not been applied to analyse how soil micro‐organisms and plants concurrently respond to N and/or P addition, and whether these responses are constrained by phylogenetic relatedness.

Here, we applied this framework to analyse microbial and plant responses at community and taxon levels to different fertilization treatments (four N levels without P; four P levels without N and four NP levels) in Tibetan grasslands.

Total plant biomass showed serial limitation by N then P, and most plant species were limited by N only. Total archaeal abundance decreased with P addition, but diverse nutrient limitation types were observed for archaeal taxa. Closely related archaeal taxa tended to similarly respond to N, and functional similarity between distant archaeal groups was observed for response to P, possibly due to functional convergence. In contrast, total bacteria slightly increased with P addition only when plants remained N limited, whereas without N limitation, plants rather than bacteria benefited from P addition. Most bacterial taxa were limited by other resources than N and P, and no clear phylogenetic signals were observed regarding bacterial responses to N/P additions.

Synthesis. We propose a novel approach for characterizing microbial response types to nutrient addition. It demonstrates that in Tibetan meadows, most dominant plant species, archaea and bacteria, respectively, depend on N, both N and P and other resources.
Species richness mediates within‐species nutrient resorption: Implications for the biodiversity–productivity relationship
Authors: Lü Xiao‐Tao , Hu Yan‐Yu , Wolf Amelia A. , Han Xing‐Guo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Between‐species variation in nutrient resorption is one of the mechanisms explaining the positive relationship between biodiversity and primary productivity. Yet, the role of within‐species variations in nutrient resorption in mediating the relationship between biodiversity and productivity remains unclear.

We examined how within‐species nutrient resorption, and ultimately productivity, respond to changes in species richness by using four traits related to nitrogen and phosphorus use in four dominant species from different plant functional groups in a biodiversity removal experiment in the temperate steppe.

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in both green and senesced leaves in all species significantly decreased with increasing plant species richness, suggesting that plants used those limiting nutrients more efficiently with increasing biodiversity. Plants in higher diversity communities resorbed more nutrients during senescence, which may facilitate reproduction and vegetative regrowth in the next year.

Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of considering within‐species variation in nutrient resorption as an important underlying mechanism explaining the positive effects of biodiversity on primary productivity and ecosystem carbon accumulation.
No Terroir in the Cold? A Note on the Geography of Geographical Indications
Authors: Huysmans Martijn , Swinnen Johan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeographical Indications (GIs) are increasingly important instruments of agricultural and food regulations and are growing as contentious issues in trade negotiations and disputes. GIs can improve welfare but they can also be a protectionist instrument. The EU has the most GIs in the world, but they are concentrated in the south of the EU. Even excluding wine, there are seven times more food GIs per capita in the southern EU Member States than in other EU Member States. This note discusses several factors which may explain the geographic concentration of GIs in the south of the EU.
Gene Expression Profiling in Short‐Term Imbibition of Wheat: Tools for Dissecting of Pasting Properties of Imbibed Wheat Seeds
Authors: Tamura Tomoko , Akuzawa Sayuri , Mura Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGermination of wheat maximizes phytochemical content and antioxidant activity while altering chemical composition, gluten content, and pasting properties. This study investigated the effect of short‐term imbibition on gene expression profiles and the physical and functional characteristics of wheat. Changes in gene expression profiles of wheat during short‐term imbibition (0, 16, and 24 hr) were evaluated by DNA microarray analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was carried out to categorize the function of genes with altered expression. Genes related to cellulose and cell wall synthesis were upregulated by imbibition for 16 hr, whereas those associated with polysaccharide catabolism and nucleosome assembly were upregulated in the subsequent 8 hr. The genes related to proteases and gluten were expressed in dry seeds but disappeared after 16 hr of imbibition. Genes encoding α‐amylase were not expressed in dry seeds whereas those encoding β‐amylase were expressed in dry seeds and downregulated by imbibition. According to quantitative real‐time PCR and enzymatic activity assay,α‐Amylaseexpression increased by imbibition and reached a maximum 24 hr after imbibition, with a corresponding increase in enzymatic activity. Pasting properties of flour made from wheat seeds imbibed for different times were decreased when seeds were imbibed for over 16 hr, by examination with Rapid Visco Analyzer. Gluten content did not significantly change until 24‐hr imbibition, although expression of genes encoding gliadin and glutenin disappeared by 16‐hr imbibition. The data indicated that it was possible to use 16‐hr imbibed wheat, with up to the 50% w/w replacement of nonimbibed wheat.
A guinea fowl genome assembly provides new evidence on evolution following domestication and selection in galliformes
Authors: Vignal Alain , Boitard Simon , Thébault Noémie , Dayo Guiguigbaza‐Kossigan , Yapi‐Gnaore Valentine , Youssao Abdou Karim Issaka , Berthouly‐Salazar Cécile , Pálinkás‐Bodzsár Nóra , Guémené Daniel , Thibaud‐Nissen Francoise , Warren Wesley C. , Tixier‐Boichard Michèle , Rognon Xavier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe helmeted guinea fowl Numida meleagris belongs to the order Galliformes. Its natural range includes a large part of sub‐Saharan Africa, from Senegal to Eritrea and from Chad to South Africa. Archaeozoological and artistic evidence suggest domestication of this species may have occurred about 2,000 years BP in Mali and Sudan primarily as a food resource, although villagers also benefit from its capacity to give loud alarm calls in case of danger, of its ability to consume parasites such as ticks and to hunt snakes, thus suggesting its domestication may have resulted from a commensal association process. Today, it is still farmed in Africa, mainly as a traditional village poultry, and is also bred more intensively in other countries, mainly France and Italy. The lack of available molecular genetic markers has limited the genetic studies conducted to date on guinea fowl. We present here a first‐generation whole‐genome sequence draft assembly used as a reference for a study by a Pool‐seq approach of wild and domestic populations from Europe and Africa. We show that the domestic populations share a higher genetic similarity between each other than they do to wild populations living in the same geographical area. Several genomic regions showing selection signatures putatively related to domestication or importation to Europe were detected, containing candidate genes, most notably EDNRB2, possibly explaining losses in plumage coloration phenotypes in domesticated populations.
Pretrial negotiations under optimism
Authors: Vasserman Shoshana , Yildiz Muhamet 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe develop a tractable and versatile model of pretrial negotiation in which the negotiating parties are optimistic about the judge's decision and anticipate the possible arrival of public information about the case prior to the trial date. The parties will settle immediately upon the arrival of information. However, they may also agree to settle prior to an arrival. We derive the settlement dynamics prior to an arrival: negotiations result in either immediate agreement, a weak deadline effect—settling at a particular date before the deadline, a strong deadline effect—settling at the deadline, or impasse, depending on the level of optimism. Our findings match stylized facts.
Estimating site occupancy and detectability of the threatened partridge pigeon (Geophaps smithii) using camera traps
Authors: Davies Hugh F. , Rioli Willie , Puruntatameri José , Roberts Willie , Kerinaiua Colin , Kerinauia Vivian , Womatakimi Kim Brooks , Gillespie Graeme R. , Murphy Brett P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince European settlement, many granivorous birds of northern Australia's savanna landscapes have declined. One such example, the partridge pigeon (Geophaps smithii), has suffered a significant range contraction, disappearing from at least half of its pre‐European range. Multiple factors have been implicated in this decline, including the loss of traditional Aboriginal burning practices, grazing by large exotic herbivores and predation by feral cats (Felis catus). While populations of partridge pigeon on the Tiwi Islands may be particularly important for the long‐term persistence of this species, they too may be at risk of decline. However, as a reliable method to detect this species has not yet been developed and tested, we lack the ability to identify, at an early stage, the species' decline in a given location or region. This severely limits our capacity to make informed management decisions. Here, we demonstrate that the standard camera trapping approach for native mammal monitoring in northern Australia attained an overall probability of detecting partridge pigeon greater than 0.98. We thus provide a robust estimate of partridge pigeon site occupancy (0.30) on Melville Island, the larger of the two main Tiwi Islands. The information presented here for the partridge pigeon represents a critical first step towards the development of optimal monitoring programmes with which to gauge population trajectories, as well as the response to remedial management actions. In the face of ongoing biodiversity loss, such baseline information is vital for management agencies to make informed decisions and should therefore be sought for as many species as possible.
Are all rural placements created equal? A national study of placement experiences among multidisciplinary health students
Authors: Mortimer Joshua , Verma Ankur , Reimann Carolyn , Brown Ashley , Woolley Torres 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveMembers of the National Rural Health Student Network have expressed concerns that the quality and accessibility of rural placements might vary between health degrees. This study compared a range of placement factors between health student disciplines.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingAn online survey tool was distributed in 2016 by the National Rural Health Student Network and its Rural Health Clubs to the National Rural Health Student Network's 10 218 members in all Australian states and territories.ParticipantsResponses were received from 897 health students (9% response rate). Participants were from the disciplines of medicine, dentistry, nursing, midwifery or an allied health degree.Main outcome measuresBivariate analysis between medical and non‐medical students relating to the support received for rural placements: support provided to help students coordinate their placement; assistance with financial costs; mental health support; social support; and student orientation regarding both the placement's health service and community.ResultCompared with medical students, non‐medical students were more likely to have coordinated the majority of their placement themselves, but were less likely to have had control over their placement location or to have received financial support, mental health support, social support, a health service orientation or a community orientation.ConclusionAmong National Rural Health Student Network members, those studying health degrees other than medicine had significantly less rural placement support in all examined domains when compared with medical students.