bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Linguistically Diverse Adolescents’ Literacy Trajectories Using Latent Transition Modeling
Authors: Sinclair Jeanne , Jang Eunice Eunhee , Vincett Megan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study examined the literacy profiles of students from diverse home‐language backgrounds and tracked those profiles from grade 6 to grade 10. The authors also investigated the predictive relations of students’ immigration background, gender, and participation in two instructional programs. The results from latent class and latent transition analyses suggest that grade 6 literacy profiles are strong predictors of literacy profiles in grade 10. Students from diverse home‐language backgrounds and those who had immigrated to Canada tended to have strong literacy profiles and positive trajectories. The analyses also indicate that students who used very little or no English at home, even those who had a strong literacy skill profile in grade 6, may benefit from additional literacy support in high school. In terms of instructional programming variables, participation in an English as a Second Language program was associated with little change in students’ literacy profiles over time, and career‐oriented streaming showed a strong negative impact on literacy skill development. In terms of language‐in‐education policy and practice, the findings support the idea that, generally speaking, students from multilingual home‐language environments retain strong literacy profiles between elementary and high school. The findings also emphasize the importance of quality instructional programming.
Impact of drug supply chain on the dynamics of infectious diseases
Authors: Paul Siddhartha , Venkateswaran Jayendran 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effect of drug shortages on estimating the infectivity of antiviral‐treatable disease epidemics is evaluated using an illustrative dataset. Simulation‐based analysis shows that a given outbreak can be caused by either (i) a high infectivity parameter even with sufficient and timely supply of medicines, or (ii) a low infectivity parameter and poor supply of medicines. Also, the use of a stand‐alone epidemic model is found to overestimate disease transmissibility. A compartmental epidemic model is integrated with multi‐echelon supply chain models to further investigate the impact of medicine supply chain on the epidemic dynamics. In integrated models, medicine demands for the supply chain are generated from the disease model, and the medicine supply rate controls the recovery rate of patients in the disease model. It is found that supply chain aspects have a significant effect on epidemic dynamics. Some improvement schemes for supply chain management are also highlighted.
Wide‐Band Reflection‐Type, All‐Solid‐State Switchable Mirror Composed of WO3–Mg4Ni Thin Films and Proton‐Conductive Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Li Ning , Bao Shanhu , Zhang Qixuan , Xie Lingling , Jin Ping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn all‐solid‐state devices based on WO3–NiO thin films, solid electrolytes such as Ta2O5 or Nb2O5 are usually used as the ion conducting layers. However, the thickness of the proton conducting layer of Ta2O5 or Nb2O5 is thicker, and the sputtering rate is low, which affects the cost and practical application of the devices. In this paper, a wide‐band reflection‐type all‐solid‐state WO3–Mg4Ni thin film switchable mirror was fabricated by using an assemble process and a proton‐conductive Nafion membrane was used as a solid electrolyte for the first time. WO3 is an ideal discoloration material in all‐solid‐state electrochromic devices, whereas Pd/Mg4Ni is a reflective switching material. WO3 and Pd/Mg4Ni thin films were deposited on ITO‐coated glass and glass substrates, respectively, by DC magnetron sputtering. The device was assembled by two separated thin films using a poly vinyl butyral (PVB) glue containing a proton‐conductive Nafion as the electrolyte. The fabricated all‐solid‐state mirror could be reversibly switched between the mirror and transparent state by applying different voltages. The influences of the Nafion concentration and applied power on the switching properties were investigated.
An Efficient ZnO‐Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Chemoselective Synthesis of Novel Functionalized 4H‐Chromenes in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Rao Lenka Chandrasekhara , Kumar Nandigama Satish , Bheeram Vema Reddy , Hemambika Sadasivuni , Mukkamala Sarathchandra Babu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) catalyzed synthesis of novel 4H‐chromene hemiacetals with 3‐methyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one and cyclic 1,3‐diketone with high regioselectivity in aqueous medium has been demonstrated. This method is applicable to diverse substituted chromene hemiacetals and different functionalized 1,3‐diketones. All these reactions proceeded smoothly, and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The catalyst could be recycled and reused up to 5 cycles without any loss of efficiency.
A Synergetic Experimental and Computational Approach Towards a Better Comprehension of Redox Reactions of N3 Dye [cis‐bis(Isothiocyanato)‐Ruthenium(II)‐bis(2, 2’‐Bipyridine‐4,4’‐Dicarboxylic Acid] in Solution
Authors: Zerón Paulino , Carmona‐Espíndola Javier , Flores‐Leonar Martha M. , Gázquez José L. , González Ignacio , Amador‐Bedolla Carlos , Ugalde‐Saldívar Víctor M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCharge transfer processes in coordination compounds with labile ligands are strongly dependent on the coordination sphere. Various intermediate steps involve creation of new species during the redox reactions in solution. For the prototypical N3 dye [cis–bis(isothiocyanato)‐ruthenium(II)‐bis(2, 2’‐bipyridine‐4,4’‐dicarboxylic acid], its electro‐oxidation transformation involves a knotty mechanism in which the coordination of the Ru(II) with SCN‐ ligands is modified. This process produces reactive chemical species that are not easily identified during the spectroelectrochemical characterization. TDDFT calculated absorption spectra were used as an easy and trustworthy tool to identify actual intermediates amongst different possible products in coordination compound transformation. The evolution of the spectra demonstrates, by an experimental and theoretical synergetic approach, the complicated reaction processes, and allows the identification of intermediate and final species both in DMSO and THF solvents. By combining EPR/UV‐Vis spectroscopies and TDDFT calculations we show previously undetected Ru(III) species in the N3 dye at higher potentials in both solvents.
Long Chain Effects on DNA‐Binding and Cytotoxicity to Cancer Cells in Metallo‐Supramolecular Oligomers
Authors: Rana Utpal , Hossain Md. Delwar , Chakraborty Chanchal , Nagano Reiko , Morita Hiromi , Hattori Shinya , Minowa Takashi , Higuchi Masayoshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe synthesized Fe(II)‐based metallo‐supramolecular oligomers with the different degree of polymerization (DP) (DP‐1, −5 and −10) by changing the molar ratio of Fe(II) acetate and bis(terpyridyl)benzene to 1:2, 5:6, and 10:11, respectively. We investigated the chain length effects on the binding affinity to DNA and cytotoxicity to cancer cells in the oligomers. DP‐10 showed five‐time larger DNA binding constant and four‐time stronger cytotoxicity than DP‐1. We also studied the cell apoptosis assay using annexin V‐FITC/PI staining by flow cytometry and revealed that the ratio of early and late apoptosis cells increased from 15.6% (DP‐1) to 61.4% (DP‐10) with increasing the chain length.
Mixing of Complex Fluids in a Cylindrical Tank by a Modified Anchor Impeller
Authors: Ameur Houari , Ghenaim Abdellah 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe mixing of shear thinning fluids in a cylindrical vessel has been investigated in this paper via numerical simulation. The agitation is ensured by a modified anchor impeller (MAI): it consists of curved blade turbine (CBT) mounted on a classical anchor impeller (CAI). These agitators were mounted in single and combined configurations (co‐axial). The effects of agitation rate, design of the stirred system and curvature of the bottomed arm of anchor on the fluid circulation, well‐stirred region size and power consumption have been studied. The obtained results revealed that the modified anchor impeller (i. e. the combination of CBT with CAI) performs better than the classical anchor impeller.
Alpha4‐overexpressing HL7702 cells can counteract microcystin‐LR effects on cytoskeletal structure
Authors: Huang Pu , Wang Sha , Weng Dengpo , Xu Lihong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOur previous studies indicated that α4 was involved in the toxicity of MC‐LR on the cytoskeleton via the change of PP2A activity in HEK 293. To explore the role of α4 in MC‐LR toxicity via PP2A regulation in different cell lines, the HL7702 cell overexpressing α4 protein was exposed to MC‐LR, and the change of PP2A, cytoskeletal structure, and cytoskeleton‐related proteins were investigated. The results showed that PP2A activity was decreased, PP2A/C subunit expression and phosphorylation (Tyr307) increased significantly, but methylation (Leu 309)clearly decreased. The structure of the actin filaments and microtubules (MTs) remained unchanged, and the expression and phosphorylation of the cytoskeleton‐related proteins showed different changes. In addition, the main components of the MAPK pathway, JNK, P38, and ERK1/2, were activated together. Our results indicated that elevated α4 expression did confer some resistance to MC‐LR‐induced cytoskeletal changes, but the responses of different cell lines to MC‐LR, under the α4‐overexpression condition, are not exactly the same.
Improving the National Flood Insurance Program
Authors: KUNREUTHER HOWARD 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper highlights factors that need to be considered for improving the National Flood Insurance Program in the USA to address the biases that lead individuals to not protect themselves against low-probability, high-consequence flood events. The errors that individuals exhibit in deciding not to purchase insurance or invest in loss reduction measures prior to a disaster can be traced to the effects of six biases: myopia, amnesia, optimism, inertia, simplification and herding. Along with two guiding principles for insurance, a behavioral risk audit can assist in designing a strategy using concepts from choice architecture coupled with economic incentives to encourage property owners in hazard-prone areas to purchase insurance and invest in cost-effective adaptation measures to protect themselves against future disaster losses.
Variation in the composition and diversity of ground-layer herbs and shrubs in unburnt and burnt landscapes
Authors: Cleary Daniel F. R. , Eichhorn Karl A. O. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:Forest fires pose an important threat to tropical rain-forest biodiversity. In the present study, we assessed ground layer (herb and shrub) communities in six differentially disturbed landscape plots in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, including primary and logged forest and once-, twice- and frequently-burnt forest. Overall, we recorded 175 species of herbs and shrubs; richness was highest in twice-burnt forest and lowest in logged forest. Vegetation and topographical variables including the percentage of the plot burnt and tree abundance were significant predictors of variation in composition. The main compositional gradient showed a clear distinction between subplots in unburnt versus burnt forest. A subset of subplots in burnt forest, however, clustered together with subplots from unburnt forest. These plots were located in a network of relatively unscathed forest along floodplains that persisted in the burnt-forest matrix. Small plant species associated with unburnt forest included several species of Dryopteridaceae, Marantaceae and Rubiaceae. Species associated with once- and twice-burnt forest included Mikania scandens (Compositae), Microlepia speluncae (Dennstaedtiaceae), Nephrolepis cf. biserrata (Nephrolepidaceae), Lygodium microphyllum (Schizaeaceae) and Hornstedtia cf. reticulata (Zingiberaceae). The frequently-burnt landscape plot was characterized by a high cover of the grass species Imperata cylindrica and the invasive exotic shrub Chromolaena odorata. Importantly, these species and other exotics had also invaded the once- and twice-burnt forest and represent a potential threat to forest recovery.
Additive correlation and the inverse problem for the large sieve
Authors: HANSON BRANDON 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLet A ⊆ [1, N] be a set of integers with |A| ≫ $\sqrt N$. We show that if A avoids about p/2 residue classes modulo p for each prime p, then A must correlate additively with the squares S = {n2 : 1 ≤ n ≤ $\sqrt N$}, in the sense that we have the additive energy estimate
$$
E(A,S)\gg N\log N.
$$
This is, in a sense, optimal.
Travel distance and human movement predict paths of emergence and spatial spread of chikungunya in Thailand
Authors: Chadsuthi S. , Althouse B. M. , Iamsirithaworn S. , Triampo W. , Grantz K. H. , Cummings D. A. T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman movement contributes to the probability that pathogens will be introduced to new geographic locations. Here we investigate the impact of human movement on the spatial spread of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Southern Thailand during a recent re-emergence. We hypothesised that human movement, population density, the presence of habitat conducive to vectors, rainfall and temperature affect the transmission of CHIKV and the spatiotemporal pattern of cases seen during the emergence. We fit metapopulation transmission models to CHIKV incidence data. The dates at which incidence in each of 151 districts in Southern Thailand exceeded specified thresholds were the target of model fits. We confronted multiple alternative models to determine which factors were most influential in the spatial spread. We considered multiple measures of spatial distance between districts and adjacency networks and also looked for evidence of long-distance translocation (LDT) events. The best fit model included driving-distance between districts, human movement, rubber plantation area and three LDT events. This work has important implications for predicting the spatial spread and targeting resources for control in future CHIKV emergences. Our modelling framework could also be adapted to other disease systems where population mobility may drive the spatial advance of outbreaks.
A review of select minerals influencing the haematopoietic process
Authors: Oliveira Dalila Cunha , Nogueira-Pedro Amanda , Santos Ed Wilson , Hastreiter Araceli , Silva Graziela Batista , Borelli Primavera , Fock Ricardo Ambrósio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMicronutrients are indispensable for adequate metabolism, such as biochemical function and cell production. The production of blood cells is named haematopoiesis and this process is highly consuming due to the rapid turnover of the haematopoietic system and consequent demand for nutrients. It is well established that micronutrients are relevant to blood cell production, although some of the mechanisms of how micronutrients modulate haematopoiesis remain unknown. The aim of the present review is to summarise the effect of Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Co, iodine, P, Se, Cu, Li and Zn on haematopoiesis. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of selected micronutrients to haematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements, deficiency or excess of these minerals on haematopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in animal models and human subjects. In circumstances where these minerals have not been studied for a given condition, no information was used. All the selected minerals have an important role in haematopoiesis by influencing the quality and quantity of blood cell production. In addition, it is highly recommended that the established nutrition recommendations for these minerals be followed, because cases of excess or deficient mineral intake can affect the haematopoiesis process.
Introduction to generalized type systems
Authors: Barendregt Henk 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProgramming languages often come with type systems. Some of these are simple, others are sophisticated. As a stylistic representation of types in programming languages several versions of typed lambda calculus are studied. During the last 20 years many of these systems have appeared, so there is some need of classification. Working towards a taxonomy, Barendregt (1991) gives a fine-structure of the theory of constructions (Coquand and Huet 1988) in the form of a canonical cube of eight type systems ordered by inclusion. Berardi (1988) and Terlouw (1988) have independently generalized the method of constructing systems in the λ-cube. Moreover, Berardi (1988, 1990) showed that the generalized type systems are flexible enough to describe many logical systems. In that way the well-knownpropositions-as-typesinterpretation obtains a nice canonical form.
Drawing matter: Plan
Authors: Allen Stan , Hobhouse Niall , Mallinson Helen 
Published: July 2018

Over the course of an intensive day-long session, the authors combed the Drawing Matter archives for exemplary plan drawings. Their selections are presented here in pairs, based on visual rhymes or striking contrasts, on cross-historical comparisons or the persistence of plan-making techniques over time.The architectural plan drawing is a paradoxical sort of object. In principle, an instrument that should be rendered obsolete by the act of construction, it nonetheless remains the most intensive and compact description of an architectural idea.‘Plan’ is a verb as well as a noun, and implies a path toward a specified outcome. The plan is fundamentally optimistic, countering entropy with order, and this anticipatory quality is embedded in the logic of the plan itself. Architects make drawings for buildings that do not yet exist. An architectural plan is an empty geometric scaffold that awaits both construction and inhabitation.But the plan also works retrospectively: it was the primary technical means employed in the measuring and recording of ancient architectures that was so fundamental to the education of a classical architect. And these drawings affirm that such reconstructions, far from being rote academic exercises, draw deeply on the architect's creative intelligence. In fact, we would argue that the conceptual power of the plan as a working instrument is precisely its capacity to function simultaneously as an analytical and projective device, poised between past histories and future possibilities.This collection of images makes a case for the continued relevance of the plan today as evidenced by the diversity, conceptual density and shear visual power of these artefacts.
Supervisor practice when guiding therapists working with depression: the impact of supervisor and patient characteristics
Authors: Simpson-Southward Chloe , Waller Glenn , Hardy Gillian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCurrently recommended psychotherapies for depression are not always delivered in a consistent manner. There is an assumption that the use of clinical supervision will ensure reliable treatment and patient recovery. However, there is limited research supporting this assumption. This study explored the role of supervision in the treatment of depression. In particular, it examined how supervisors’ own characteristics and those of patients can influence the focus of supervision sessions. Clinical supervisors who worked with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) therapists treating depression cases were asked to indicate their supervision focus for three different patient vignettes. These vignettes varied in clinical complexity. Participants’ intolerance to uncertainty and their self-esteem were also assessed. Supervisors tended to focus their supervisees on the use of evidence-based therapeutic techniques for both straightforward and complex cases. However, their approach was less evidence-based for diffuse cases. Three supervisory types emerged: an ‘Alliance- and Technique-Focused’ group, a ‘Case Management-Focused’ group, and an ‘Unfocused’ group. Personal characteristics of the supervisors varied across the groups. The content of supervision sessions is influenced by factors from outside the therapy process. These factors might cause supervisors to avoid focusing on evidence-based aspects of therapy, thus feeding therapist drift. Suggestions are made for new supervision protocols that consider the supervisor's personal characteristics.
Shear Strain Energy Change Caused by the Interplate Coupling Along the Nankai Trough: An Integration Analysis Using Stress Tensor Inversion and Slip‐Deficit Inversion
Authors: Saito Tatsuhiko , Noda Akemi , Yoshida Keisuke , Tanaka Sachiko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan, the Philippine Sea plate descends beneath the Eurasian plate. The locking on the plate interface causes stress change in the seismogenic lithosphere of the Eurasian plate. This interplate locking does not always result in stress accumulation but can cause stress release. The present study employs shear strain energy to determine whether the stress is accumulated or released in the seismogenic zone. While most studies employed a shear stress assuming a fault plane, the shear strain energy is more feasible for the stress accumulation/release mapping because the assumption of the fault plane is not required. First, we estimated the directions of the principal stress axes and the stress ratio of the background stress field by analyzing ~8,000 focal mechanisms. In the Chugoku region, the maximum compression axis is in the E‐W direction. We then calculated the stress change due to the slip deficit along the Nankai Trough. The stress change showed that the maximum compression is in the N‐S direction in the Chugoku region. By using both the background stress and the stress fluctuation, we estimated the shear strain energy change caused by the slip deficit. The shear strain energy is decreased due to the interplate locking in the Chugoku region. We also statistically compared the shear strain energy change with the seismicity in southwestern Japan and found that the seismicity is high where the strain energy increases.
Thank You to Our 2017 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Pincus Robert , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Griffies Stephen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs the editors of a scientific journal we are privileged to have front‐row seats to the peer review process. We watch as reviewers hold a mirror up to authors' work, identifying weakness in conception or expression, suggesting refinements, prodding authors to clarify a point or better support an argument. The process is almost always respectful even if it's not always comfortable. The final papers are uniformly better for this input. At JAMES we are fortunate to have a pool of reviewers who volunteer their time, insight, and intelligence to improve the work of their colleagues and peers, usually without receiving any credit themselves. Though the journal is small the task is not: Just in 2017, we received 628 reviews by 432 individuals. On behalf of the entire editorial board we thank you all for your selfless contributions to our community.