bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Completeness Analysis of Seismic Data
Authors: Khan Mohammad Muzzaffar , Kumar Kalyan G. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Earthquakes constitute one of the most powerful forces to which most civil engineering structures and historical constructions will ever be subjected; and thus designing and preserving structures to resist these forces is of utmost importance. The goal of earthquake-resistant design is to produce a structure or facility that can withstand a certain level of shaking without excessive damage. Seismic hazard analyses involve the quantitative estimation of ground shaking hazards at a particular site.
The main objective of this study is to develop a homogeneous earthquake catalogue for the low seismic region Warangal from 1800 to 2016 by considering a circular radius of 500 km. The catalogue is declustered using the algorithm proposed by Uhrhammer (1986) for removal of foreshocks and aftershocks. All the events have been converted to moment magnitude scale for homogenization. Completeness analysis has been carried out using the method proposed by Stepp (1972) to determine the time interval in which the data is complete over different magnitude ranges. The analysis shows that for the magnitude range of 3.0 ≤ M ≤ 3.49, 3.5 ≤ M ≤ 3.99, 4.0 ≤ M ≤ 4.49, 4.5 ≤ M ≤ 4.99, 5.0 ≤ M ≤ 5.49 and M &gt; 5.49, the data is complete for the last 50 years (1967-2016), 60 years (1957-2016), 140 years (1867-2016) and 180 years (1837-2016) respectively. This study will provide a significant under-standing in distribution of earthquakes in Warangal region as well as the assessment of seismic hazard for the region.
Unsupervised online neuropsychological test performance for individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Results from the Brain Health Registry
Authors: Mackin R. Scott , Insel Philip S. , Truran Diana , Finley Shannon , Flenniken Derek , Nosheny Rachel , Ulbright Aaron , Comacho Monica , Bickford David , Harel Brian , Maruff Paul , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study is to compare online neuropsychological test performance of older adults across self‐reported diagnoses of being cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and to determine the association of memory concerns and family history of dementia on cognitive performance.MethodsParticipants completed the Cogstate Brief Battery unsupervised at home.ResultsData from 6463 participants over the age of 55 years were analyzed. Adults with the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease were associated with poorer performance on all cognitive tests than cognitively normal adults (P < .05 for all), and online cognitive test performance significantly improved diagnostic classification (P < .001). Poorer performance on all cognitive measures was associated with memory concern (P < .001 for all) but not family history of dementia.DiscussionOur results provide preliminary support for the use of cognitive tests taken online without supervision as a means to improve the efficiency of participant screening and recruitment for clinical trials.
A new way to look at simulation-based assessment: the relationship between gaze-tracking and exam performance
Authors: Szulewski Adam , Egan Rylan , Gegenfurtner Andreas , Howes Daniel , Dashi Gerhard , McGraw Nick C. J. , Hall Andrew K. , Dagnone Damon , van Merrienboer Jeroen J. G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveA key task of the team leader in a medical emergency is effective information gathering. Studying information gathering patterns is readily accomplished with the use of gaze-tracking glasses. This technology was used to generate hypotheses about the relationship between performance scores and expert-hypothesized visual areas of interest in residents across scenarios in simulated medical resuscitation examinations.MethodsEmergency medicine residents wore gaze-tracking glasses during two simulation-based examinations (n=29 and 13 respectively). Blinded experts assessed video-recorded performances using a simulation performance assessment tool that has validity evidence in this context. The relationships between gaze patterns and performance scores were analyzed and potential hypotheses generated. Four scenarios were assessed in this study: diabetic ketoacidosis, bradycardia secondary to beta-blocker overdose, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and metabolic acidosis caused by antifreeze ingestion.ResultsSpecific gaze patterns were correlated with objective performance. High performers were more likely to fixate on task-relevant stimuli and appropriately ignore task-irrelevant stimuli compared with lower performers. For example, shorter latency to fixation on the vital signs in a case of diabetic ketoacidosis was positively correlated with performance (r=0.70, p<0.05). Conversely, total time spent fixating on lab values in a case of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm was negatively correlated with performance (r= −0.50, p<0.05).ConclusionsThere are differences between the visual patterns of high and low-performing residents. These findings may allow for better characterization of expertise development in resuscitation medicine and provide a framework for future study of visual behaviours in resuscitation cases.
Implementation of an institution-specific antimicrobial stewardship smartphone application
Authors: Young Heather L. , Shihadeh Katherine C. , Skinner Alisha A. , Knepper Bryan C. , Sankoff Jeffrey , Voros Jeremy , Jenkins Timothy C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSmartphones are increasingly used to access clinical decision support, and many medical applications provide antimicrobial prescribing guidance. However, these applications do not account for local antibiotic resistance patterns and formularies. We implemented an institution-specific antimicrobial stewardship smartphone application and studied patterns of use over a 1-year period.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of resolved oblate spheroids in wall turbulence
Authors: Eshghinejadfard Amir , Zhao Lihao , Thévenin Dominique 
Published: June 2018

The present study focuses on the behaviour of fully resolved oblate spheroids in turbulent channel flows using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Mean and maximum drag reductions of 1.3 % and 4.4 %, respectively, are observed at a solid-phase volume fraction of 10 % by using oblate spheroids of aspect ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=1/3$ and equivalent diameter $D_{eq}/H=1/6.5$. The behaviour of oblate spheroids and spheres are found to be different in the near-wall region, where oblate spheroids, in contrast to spheres, do not augment the near-wall turbulence. Strong reduction of spanwise and wall-normal fluid velocity fluctuations in the buffer layer by using oblate spheroids is observed. It is also seen that reduction of Reynolds shear stress cannot solely guarantee the occurrence of drag reduction, as spherical particles increase the drag in spite of the reduction in Reynolds shear stress. Moreover, in drag-reduced particle-laden flows, although the spanwise spacing of streaks increases, vortices are stronger and smaller. Thus, in addition to the streak cycle of turbulence regeneration, the vortices generated by particles contribute to higher vortex strengths. By examining the role of the oblate spheroid concentration, it is found to mainly influence the streak spacing, with a minor effect on the strength of vortices. Drag reduction in oblate-spheroid-laden flows is thus attributed to the reduction of fluid velocity fluctuations in the transverse directions and enhancement of the spanwise streak spacing. Higher vortex strength has less effect on the initiation of drag reduction but can influence the level of drag reduction and explains the lower drag-reduction effect of rigid particles compared to polymers. By quadrant analysis, sweeps and ejections are seen to have less contribution to the Reynolds shear stress by using oblate spheroids. With respect to the particle data, oblate spheroids tend to orient with their symmetry axis mainly along the wall-normal direction. Very close to the wall, spanwise orientation is dominant and wall-normal alignment of the symmetry axis is reduced. Furthermore, oblate spheroids move faster than the fluid, before reaching a similar streamwise velocity in the channel centre. In contrast, spheres move slower than the fluid in the buffer region, as well as showing a local concentration peak near the wall. It is also seen that the angular velocity of oblate spheroids decays very rapidly whereas spheres have a higher rotation rate which shows a smoother reduction towards the centre.
Modelling the distribution in Hawaii ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis(rat lungworm) in its gastropod hosts
Authors: Kim Jaynee R. , Wong Tamara M. , Curry Patrick A. , Yeung Norine W. , Hayes Kenneth A. , Cowie Robert H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAngiostrongylus cantonensis(rat lungworm), a parasitic nematode, is expanding its distribution. Human infection, known as angiostrongyliasis, may manifest as eosinophilic meningitis, an emerging infectious disease. The range and incidence of this disease are expanding throughout the tropics and subtropics. Recently, the Hawaiian Islands have experienced an increase in reported cases. This study addresses factors affecting the parasite's distribution and projects its potential future distribution, using Hawaii as a model for its global expansion. Specimens of 37 snail species from the Hawaiian Islands were screened for the parasite using PCR. It was present on five of the six largest islands. The data were used to generate habitat suitability models forA. cantonensis, based on temperature and precipitation, to predict its potential further spread within the archipelago. The best current climate model predicted suitable habitat on all islands, with greater suitability in regions with higher precipitation and temperatures. Projections under climate change (to 2100) indicated increased suitability in regions with estimated increased precipitation and temperatures, suitable habitat occurring increasingly at higher elevations. Analogously, climate change could facilitate the spread ofA. cantonensisfrom its current tropical/subtropical range into more temperate regions of the world, as is beginning to be seen in the continental USA.
The symptomatology of psychological trauma in the aftermath of war (1945–1980): UK army veterans, civilians and emergency responders
Authors: Engelbrecht Alberta , Burdett Howard , Silva Maria João , Bhui Kamaldeep , Jones Edgar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundUK veterans suffering from a psychological or psychiatric illness as a consequence of service in the Second World War were entitled to a war pension. Their case files, which include regular medical assessments, are a valuable resource to investigate the nature, distribution and duration of symptoms.MethodsA standardised form was used to collect data from pension records of a random sample of 500 UK army veterans from the first presentation in the 1940s until 1980. Data were also gathered from 50 civilians and 54 emergency responders with a pension for post-traumatic illness following air-raids.ResultsThe 10 most common symptoms reported by veterans were anxiety, depression, sleep problems, headache, irritability/anger, tremor/shaking, difficulty completing tasks, poor concentration, repeated fears and avoidance of social contact. Nine of the 10 were widely distributed across the veteran population when symptoms were ranked by the number of subjects who reported them. Nine symptoms persisted significantly longer in the veteran sample than in emergency responders. These included seven of the most common symptoms, together with two others: muscle pain and restlessness. The persistence of these symptoms in the veteran group suggests a post-traumatic illness linked to lengthy overseas service in combat units.ConclusionsThe nature and duration of symptoms exhibited by veterans may be associated with their experience of heightened risks. Exposure to severe or prolonged trauma seems to be associated with chronic multi-symptom illness, symptoms of post-traumatic stress and somatic expressions of pain that may delay or complicate the recovery process.
Reexamining Women’s Nineteenth-Century Political Agency: School Suffrage and Office-Holding
Authors: Nicholas Kathryn A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:Recognizing public education as a public good, policymakers have focused on providing those with direct interest in public schools opportunities to influence educational policy making. In the nineteenth century, this often meant providing women the right to vote on and to hold public school offices. Frequently conflated, suffrage and public office holding are actually two different, yet related, citizenship rights. Using state and territorial legislative records as a starting place, this article redefines the understanding of school suffrage by complicating the traditional narrative relative to its relationship with full woman suffrage. In doing so, it also provides evidence that before 1900 women were granted the right to hold public education offices, ultimately being elected in forty-three of forty-eight states before the twentieth century, thus broadening the understanding of women’s political agency prior to attaining full suffrage.
Restitution Policies on Nazi-Looted Art in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom: A Change from a Legal to a Moral Paradigm?
Authors: Oost Tabitha I. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:This article considers the constant tension facing several national panels in their consideration of Nazi spoliation claims concerning cultural objects. It will argue that this tension results from a shift in paradigms in dealing with Nazi-related injustices—from a strictly legal paradigm to a new victim groups-oriented paradigm, where addressing and recognizing the suffering caused by the nature of past crimes is central. While these national panels originate from this new paradigm and embody the new venues found for dealing with Nazi-looted art claims, this paradigm change at the same time presents these panels with a predicament. It seems impossible to abandon the legalist paradigm completely when remedying historical injustices in the specific category of cultural objects. Through a comparison between the Dutch and United Kingdom (UK) systems, this article will illustrate from both an institutional and substantive perspective that these panels seem to oscillate between policy-based, morality-driven proceedings (new paradigm) and a legal emphasis on individual ownership issues and restitution in kind (old paradigm). This article addresses this tension in order to provide insights on how we could conceptually approach and understand current restitution cases concerning Nazi-looted art in the Netherlands and the UK.
‘Wholesome regulation and unlimited freedom’: governing market space in southern Ireland before the Famine
Authors: HESSION PETER 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:This article addresses efforts to reform market activity in pre-Famine Ireland, exploring Karl Polanyi's assertion that the ‘free market’ required ‘the intervention of the state in order to establish it’. It begins by rooting Ireland's alleged ‘social ills’ – over-population and subsistence agriculture – in terms of integration into international markets from the mid-eighteenth century. From the crisis of the 1820s, state actors came to see the extension of the cash economy as central to remedying these ‘ills’. Altering the physical fabric of exchange to encourage ‘rational’ market behaviour, I argue reformers aimed to ‘enclose’ commercial spaces economically and physically from non-market forces. Utilizing novel technologies of vision and precision, market space could thus operate according to a logic and ethics of its own, inculcating voluntary compliance through new standards of ‘trust’ and ‘fairness’. I conclude by asking, if indeed the state had come to operate as much through ‘freedom’ as force by 1845, how we might begin to reassess the course and context of the Irish Famine.
Translation in the architectural phenomenology of Christian Norberg-Schulz
Authors: Andersen Anna Ulrikke 
Published: June 2018

This article offers a step by step analysis of an undiscussed note written by Christian Nor-berg-Schulz 18 April 1979, titled Translation, as I ask what role the notion of transla-tion played in his theory of genius loci. Scholars have recently shown interest in the way the field of translation and architecture intersect and can inform each other. Norberg-Schulz is widely read and researched, but the role of translation in his authorship has to date been undiscussed. Springing from my discovery of the note in the archive, I revisit Norberg-Schulz's phenomenological approach to architecture with a specific focus upon the notion of translation.I uncover his references from this note and see these in light of his published work, particularly his landmark treatise Genius Loci: towards a phenomenology of architecture (1980). Building upon a long tradition of architectural theory, involving ideas from Vitruvius and Gottfried Semper, I argue that the theme of translation is recurrent throughout Norberg-Schulz's theoretical authorship, appearing in his theory of genius loci, his understanding of continuity and change, accounts of Norwegian architectural culture, and writings about the architecture of Louis Kahn.Here, translation is seen as a tool for gathering, in the Heideggerian sense, which gives birth to an architecture in which the architectural outcome is not inferior to its pre-cursor, but simply different and from which something constructive might emerge. Seen in relation to the notion of architecture as language, it could even be argued to be a vital core to Norgerg-Schulz's longstanding interest in the meaning of architecture and place and how design must negotiate continuity and change. Understanding the genius loci as vital in architectural appropriation, as design, thus, implies a process of transla-tion, arguably a vital contribution to the ongoing interest in the intersection of architecture and translation.
In the shadow of empire: Josef Schmidlin and Protestant–Catholic ecumenism before the Second World War
Authors: Wu Albert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article examines the life and ideas of Josef Schmidlin, the founder of Catholic ‘missionary science’ and the most influential German Catholic missionary theorist of the first half of the twentieth century. An admirer of the German Protestant missionary theologian Gustav Warneck, Schmidlin often appears in the historiography as a forerunner of the Protestant–Catholic ecumenical collaboration that emerged after the Second World War. Yet a close examination of his writing reveals a vigorous critic of Protestantism and the Protestant ecumenical movement. A sceptic of transnational missionary organizations, he remained a firm supporter of the German nation and imperial project. This article gestures towards both the continuities and the discontinuities between the early attempts at fostering confessional cooperation between Protestants and Catholics and the later iterations. It also examines how nineteenth-century entanglements between missions and empire shaped the ideas of Catholic missionary theory during the interwar years.
‘A Christian solution to international tension’: Nikolai Berdyaev, the American YMCA, and Russian Orthodox influence on Western Christian anti-communism, c.1905–60
Authors: Stroop Christopher 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBuilding on recent research into the religious aspects of the Cold War and the humanitarian efforts of the American Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in early twentieth-century Europe, this article locates the historical origins of religious anti-communism in late imperial Russian reactions to the revolution of 1905–07. It explores the interactions of Russian Orthodox Christian intellectuals, especially Nikolai Aleksandrovich Berdyaev, with prominent YMCA leaders such as Donald A. Lowrie and Paul B. Anderson, both of whom were mainline Protestants. Using Russian and US archives, the article documents the networks and mechanisms through which Berdyaev influenced his YMCA contacts. It shows that he shaped their efforts to fight communism in the interwar period and early Cold War through the promotion of religious values, or what Anderson referred to as ‘a Christian solution to international tension’. This concept was derived from early twentieth-century Russian ideas about the opposition between Christianity and ‘nihilism’ or ‘humanism’ as integral worldviews.
Design of reconfigurable monopole antenna with switchable dual band-notches for UWB applications
Authors: Yang Hailong , Xi Xiaoli , Hou Hualong , Zhao Yuchen , Yuan Yanning 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA compact printed reconfigurable monopole antenna with switchable band-notches is designed and manufactured. The proposed antenna mainly consists of a disc-like radiator with two pairs of T-shaped strips protruded inside a rectangular aperture. Five PIN diode switches are employed to bridge or open the slots, which allow the antenna to be configured into three different structures functioning as an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna, or an antenna with notched frequencies at WLAN or WiMAX band. Design and optimization of the antenna are done using CST Microwave Studio. After fabrication on an FR4 substrate with dimensions of 35 mm (width) × 41 mm (length) × 1.5 mm (thickness), numerical and experimental results of the proposed reconfigurable antenna are presented and discussed. The experimental results confirm the design as a good candidate for UWB applications.
Tracking Groundwater Levels Using the Ambient Seismic Field
Authors: Clements Timothy , Denolle Marine A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAquifers are vital groundwater reservoirs for residential, agricultural, and industrial activities worldwide. Tracking their state with high temporal and spatial resolution is critical for water resource management at the regional scale yet is rarely achieved from a single type of groundwater data. Here we show that variations in groundwater levels can be mapped using perturbations in seismic velocity (dv/v). We measure dv/v in the San Gabriel Valley, California, from cross correlation of the ambient seismic field. dv/v reproduces the groundwater level changes that are marked by the multiyear depletions and rapid recharges, typical of California's cycles of droughts and floods. dv/v correlates spatially with vertical surface displacements and deformation measured with the Global Positioning System (GPS). Our results successfully predict the volume of water lost in the San Gabriel Valley during the 2012–2016 drought and thus provide a new, complementary approach to monitor groundwater storage.
Energetic Neutral and Charged Particle Measurements in the Inner Saturnian Magnetosphere During the Grand Finale Orbits of Cassini 2016/2017
Authors: Krupp N. , Roussos E. , Kollmann P. , Mitchell D. G. , Paranicas C. P. , Krimigis S. M. , Hamilton D. C. , Hedman M. , Dougherty M. K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe give an overview of the charged and neutral particle measurements during the Grand Finale of Cassini performed by the Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument, MIMI, on board. The first in situ measurements of MeV particles between the D‐ring and the atmosphere of the planet showed protons with energies above 300 MeV with higher count rates when magnetically connected to the D‐ring which was less dense than expected, while more material was present at the inner edge. The variability in the count rates was a combination of sensor look direction, pitch angle coverage, changes in the L‐range, and latitude. Enhanced emissions of energetic neutral atoms during ring current activity was detected and confirmed the existence of a low‐energy ion radiation belt discovered by Cassini in 2004. No detection of low‐energy ions was indicative of a source population from a region closer than 1,800 km above the 1 bar cloud level.