bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential DNA methylation of potassium channel KCa3.1 and immune signalling pathways is associated with infant immune responses following BCG vaccination
Authors: Hasso-Agopsowicz Mateusz , Scriba Thomas J. , Hanekom Willem A. , Dockrell Hazel M. , Smith Steven G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) and induces highly variable protection against pulmonary disease in different countries. We hypothesised that DNA methylation is one of the molecular mechanisms driving variability in BCG-induced immune responses. DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from BCG vaccinated infants was measured and comparisons made between low and high BCG-specific cytokine responders. We found 318 genes and 67 pathways with distinct patterns of DNA methylation, including immune pathways, e.g. for T cell activation, that are known to directly affect immune responses. We also highlight signalling pathways that could indirectly affect the BCG-induced immune response: potassium and calcium channel, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, G Protein coupled receptor (GPCR), glutamate signalling and WNT pathways. This study suggests that in addition to immune pathways, cellular processes drive vaccine-induced immune responses. Our results highlight mechanisms that require consideration when designing new TB vaccines.
Self-replication of circular DNA by a self-encoded DNA polymerase through rolling-circle replication and recombination
Authors: Sakatani Yoshihiro , Yomo Tetsuya , Ichihashi Norikazu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA major challenge in constructing artificial cells is the establishment of a recursive genome replication system coupled with gene expression from the genome itself. One of the simplest schemes of recursive DNA replication is the rolling-circle replication of a circular DNA coupled with recombination. In this study, we attempted to develop a replication system based on this scheme using self-encoded phi29 DNA polymerase and externally supplied Cre recombinase. We first identified that DNA polymerization is significantly inhibited by Cre recombinase. To overcome this problem, we performed in vitro evolution and obtained an evolved circular DNA that can replicate efficiently in the presence of the recombinase. We also showed evidence that during replication of the evolved DNA, the circular DNA was reproduced through recombination by Cre recombinase. These results demonstrate that the evolved circular DNA can reproduce itself through gene expression of a self-encoded polymerase. This study provides a step forward in developing a simple recursive DNA replication system for use in an artificial cell.
Broad-line region structure and line profile variations in the changing look AGN HE 1136-2304
Authors: Kollatschny W. , Ochmann M. W. , Zetzl M. , Haas M. , Chelouche D. , Kaspi S. , Pozo Nuñez F. , Grupe D. 
Published: August 2018

Aims. A strong X-ray outburst was detected in HE 1136-2304 in 2014. Accompanying optical spectra revealed that the spectral type has changed from a nearly Seyfert 2 type (1.95), classified by spectra taken 10 and 20 years ago, to a Seyfert 1.5 in our most recent observations. We seek to investigate a detailed spectroscopic campaign on the spectroscopic properties and spectral variability behavior of this changing look AGN and compare this to other variable Seyfert galaxies.
Methods. We carried out a detailed spectroscopic variability campaign of HE 1136-2304 with the 10 m Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) between 2014 December and 2015 July.
Results. The broad-line region (BLR) of HE 1136-2304 is stratified with respect to the distance of the line-emitting regions. The integrated emission line intensities of Hα, Hβ, He I λ5876, and He II λ4686 originate at distances of 15.0−3.8+4.2, 7.5−5.7+4.6, 7.3−4.4+2.8, and 3.0−3.7+5.3 light days with respect to the optical continuum at 4570 Å. The variability amplitudes of the integrated emission lines are a function of distance to the ionizing continuum source as well. We derived a central black hole mass of 3.8 ± 3.1 × 107 M⊙ based on the linewidths and distances of the BLR. The outer line wings of all BLR lines respond much faster to continuum variations indicating a Keplerian disk component for the BLR. The response in the outer wings is about two light days shorter than the response of the adjacent continuum flux with respect to the ionizing continuum flux. The vertical BLR structure in HE 1136-2304 confirms a general trend that the emission lines of narrow line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) originate at larger distances from the midplane in comparison to AGNs showing broader emission lines. Otherwise, the variability behavior of this changing look AGN is similar to that of other AGN.
Evaluation of a New Exercise Program in the Treatment of Scapular Dyskinesis
Authors: Nowotny Joerg , Kasten Philip , Kopkow Christian , Biewener Achim , Mauch Frieder 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn abnormal motion of the scapula, or scapular dyskinesis (SD), can be effectively treated through conservative therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate a new specific exercise program to restore normal position. A standardized and specific exercise program was created. In a prospective multi-center approach, patients were randomized into two groups: one group received the specific exercise program over a period of six weeks and the controls received massage therapy. The visual-analog scale, QuickDASH score, SICK scapula rating scale, hand press-up position test, lateral scapular slide test and internal rotation of the shoulder were evaluated. Twenty-eight patients were included in the study: fifteen in the exercise group and thirteen in the control group. Pain levels on the visual analog scale (VAS) were significantly reduced in both groups (exercise p=0.007; control p=0.004). The scores for QuickDASH (p=0.001), SICK scapula rating scale (p=0.003) and hand press-up position test (p=0.026) were significantly improved in the exercise group only. Scapula-focused exercise programs, as well as massage therapy, can effectively relieve pain in patients with SD. However, scapula-focused exercises resulted, specifically, in greater improvement of shoulder function.
Moderne Antidiabetika in der Diabetologie
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungNeue Antidiabetika zur Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes umfassen die inkretinbasierten Therapien mit DPP-4-Inhibitoren (DPP-4i) und GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten (GLP-1-RA) sowie die SGLT-2-Inhibitoren (SGLT-2i). In diesem Artikel werden die einzelnen Substanzklassen bezüglich ihres Wirkmechanismus vorgestellt. Die derzeitige Datenlage zur kardiovaskulären Sicherheit der einzelnen Medikamente wird dargelegt und es wird der dadurch begründete leitliniengerechte Einsatz dieser Medikamente bei Typ-2-Diabetes aufgezeigt. Sie haben vor allem als Zweitlinientherapie in Kombination mit Metformin einen wichtigen Stellenwert, zunehmend aber auch in Mehrfachkombinationen. DPP-4i sind sicher, haben kein Hypoglykämierisiko und sind gewichtsneutral. Alle GLP-1-RA sind auch sicher (Liraglutid und Semaglutid überlegen), bei hohem kardiovaskulären Risiko sind der SGLT-2i Empagliflozin oder der GLP-1-RA Liraglutid durch Reduktion kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse und Gesamtletalität vorteilhaft.
Influence of Time to Surgery in Ankle Fractures on the Rate of Complications and Length of Stay – a Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Burchard Rene , Hamidy Karacan , Pahlkötter Anke , Soost Christian , Palm Michael , Graw Jan , Bouillon Bertil 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Mit einer Inzidenz von 9/1000 pro Jahr ist die Malleolarfraktur des oberen Sprunggelenkes eine der häufigsten Frakturen des menschlichen Skeletts. Häufig stellt sich die Frage, ob der Zeitpunkt einer operativen Maßnahme Einfluss auf die Komplikationsrate oder die Krankenhausverweildauer ausübt oder ob andere Patientencharakteristika oder Komorbiditäten darauf Einfluss nehmen.
Material und Methoden Aufgrund der bisher sehr heterogenen Datenlage im Hinblick auf den optimalen Operationszeitpunkt bei Malleolarfrakturen erfolgte in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine multivariate Regressionsanalyse im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Kohortenstudie (n = 421).
Ergebnisse In der multivariaten Regressionsanalyse zeigten sich keine Vorteile einer primären operativen Versorgung innerhalb von 6 Stunden gegenüber der sekundären Therapie nach ca. 1 Woche im Hinblick auf die lokale postoperative Komplikationsrate oder die Krankenhausverweildauer. Ein höheres Patientenalter bzw. ein begleitender Weichteilschaden höheren Grades waren mit einer verlängerten Krankenhausverweildauer assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerung Diese aktuelle Auswertung eines 5-Jahres-Zeitraums zeigt, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auftretens einer schwerwiegenden lokalen Komplikation nach operativer Versorgung einer Malleolarfraktur weder vom OP-Zeitpunkt noch von weiteren Kovariablen wie dem Alter oder von Komorbiditäten des Patienten beeinflusst wird. Die Empfehlung der primären Versorgung innerhalb von 6 – 8 Stunden entsprechend der aktuellen S2-Leitlinie „Sprunggelenkfraktur“ sollte nach den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Studie in einer prospektiv randomisierten Untersuchung reevaluiert werden.
Das Fallregister für Zwangsmaßnahmen nach dem baden-württembergischen Psychisch-Kranken-Hilfe-Gesetz: Konzeption und erste Auswertungen
Authors: Flammer Erich , Steinert Tilman 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel In Baden-Württemberg werden seit 2015 Unterbringungsmaßnahmen und Zwangsmaßnahmen zentral erfasst. Versorgungsepidemiologische Daten zur Häufigkeit von freiheitsbeschränkenden Zwangsmaßnahmen und von Zwangsmedikation sollen damit erstmals in Deutschland auf der Basis einer Vollerhebung untersucht werden.
Methoden Die Daten von 32 Kliniken mit 108 863 Behandlungsfällen wurden ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse In 7321 (6,7 %) Fällen kam es zu freiheitsbeschränkenden Zwangsmaßnahmen und in 674 (0,6 %) Fällen zu einer medikamentösen Zwangsbehandlung.
Schlussfolgerung Freiheitsbeschränkende Zwangsmaßnahmen waren etwas seltener als in früheren Stichproben, Zwangsmedikation wird selten angewendet.
Hazards of Repeat Pregnancy during Adolescence: A Case-control Study
Authors: Galvão Rafael Bessa de Freitas , Figueira Camilla Olivares , Borovac-Pinheiro Anderson , Paulino Daiane Sofia de Morais , Faria-Schützer Debora Bicudo , Surita Fernanda Garanhani 
Published: August 2018

Objective To evaluate the social, obstetric and psychological risk factors related to repeat pregnancy in teenagers.
Methods A case control study conducted at Centro de Atenção à Saúde Integral da Mulher (Caism, in the Portuguese acronym), in Campinas, Brazil, from 2015 to 2017. Three groups were selected: a case-group of adolescents who had repeat pregnancy and two control-groups, one consisting of adolescents who had delivered at first time and another one of adult women with more than one deliveries. Participants were asked about habits, socio-demographics characteristics, reproductive and obstetric history and assessed psychological issues.
Results Ninety women were enrolled, 30 in each study group. Adolescents with repeat pregnancy have lower self-esteem scores and more ineffective contraceptive use. When compared with teens at first delivery, they had less schooling level (odds ratio [OR] 4.03 [1.37–11.8]), more school abandon (OR 8.16 [2.36–28.2]) and drugs use (OR 4.97[1.39–17.8]). Non-white skin color (OR 6.2 [1.15–41.0]), drugs use (OR 17.5 [2.62–116.6]) and first sexual intercourse under 15y (OR 18.0[2.82–115.0]) were found as higher risk factors for repeat pregnancy when comparing adolescents and adults. Moreover, adolescents with more than one gestation had lower self-esteem and greater susceptibility to unplanned pregnancy.
Conclusion There was an association between repeat pregnancy among adolescents and lower education, early onset of sexual activity, non-white skin color, low use of contraception and increased use of drugs.
What Constitutes a Multidimensional Treatment Approach for School-Age Children Who Stutter?
Authors: Shields Lynne 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch over the past several decades supports the view that stuttering is a complex and multidimensional disorder. Given the multiple factors that contribute to the development and persistence of stuttering, it follows that, for many children who stutter, treatment focused solely on the motor aspects of speech may be insufficient to help them successfully manage their stuttering. A complete assessment includes identifying all of the dimensions of the disorder that are relevant to a particular child. Likewise, treatment is best viewed as multidimensional, with the clinician developing a set of goals that address the relevant aspects of stuttering and communication. Such an approach leads to greater success for children who stutter with the end result being speakers who communicate openly and effectively.
Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Term Neonates: A Case-controlled Study
Authors: Mahecha-Reyes Eduardo , Grillo-Ardila Carlos Fernando 
Published: August 2018

Objective To identify maternal factors associated with the presence of low birth weight in term neonates.
Methods Matched hospital-based case-controlled study performed in a high complexity institution located in the city of Neiva, Colombia. The study included women with term gestation and singleton live fetuses. Patients with prior diseases, coming from other regions, with pregnancy resulting from assisted reproduction, or with a diagnosis of fetal abnormality or aneuploidy were excluded. Low birth weight was the dependent variable, and the independent variables that were analyzed were maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Adjusted and non-adjusted odds ratios (aOR and OR) together with the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported.
Results The study included 270 participants (90 cases and 180 controls). Controlling for maternal age, educational level, socioeconomic and civil status, social security and the presence of maternal disease during gestation, it was found that weight gain (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70–0.85) and the absence of prenatal care (aOR 8.20, 95% CI 3.22–20.87) were among the factors associated with low birth weight.
Conclusions The absence of weight gain and of prenatal care are factors associated with the presence of low birth weight in term neonates and should be considered in clinical practice.
Frozen Section in the Management of Ovarian and Uterine Tumors: The Past 5 Years in a Tertiary Centre
Authors: Aidos Joana , Veríssimo Renata , Almeida Joana , Carvalho Teresa , Martins Nuno Nogueira , Martins Francisco Nogueira 
Published: August 2018

Objective Intraoperative frozen section (IFS) is a valuable resource, and its use in gynecological pathology has not been sufficiently emphasized. The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the reliability and agreement rates between IFS and the final paraffin section (PS) and determine how reliable IFS is.
Methods A retrospective study of all IFSs performed on uterine tumors and suspicious adnexal masses between January 2012 and December 2016 (excluding metastases) at the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu. Frozen versus permanent section diagnosis were compared regarding the histologic type of the tumor, and the depth of myometrial invasion.
Results A total of 286 cases were eligible for the present study, including 102 (35.7%) IFSs of uterine tumors, and 184 (64.3%) IFSs of ovarian tumors. The overall rate of deferred cases was 5.2% (15/286). The accuracy of the diagnosis in cases of endometrial carcinoma was 96.25% (77/80). Among the ovarian tumors, misdiagnoses occurred in 2 cases (1.1%), corresponding to a borderline tumor (serous type) and a clear cell intracystic adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion The IFS analysis plays an important role in selected situations and is associated to a high sensitivity and specificity in cases of ovarian and endometrial tumors. Its high accuracy is almost universally associated with the possibility of obtaining an optimal surgical treatment at the time of the first surgical approach.
A Simple, Reproducible and Low-cost Simulator for Teaching Surgical Techniques to Repair Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries
Authors: Knobel Roxana , Volpato Lia Karina , Gervasi Liliam Cristini , Viergutz Raquel de Almeida , Trapani Alberto 
Published: August 2018

Objective To describe and evaluate the use of a simple, low-cost, and reproducible simulator for teaching the repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS).
Methods Twenty resident doctors in obstetrics and gynecology and four obstetricians participated in the simulation. A fourth-degree tear model was created using low-cost materials (condom simulating the rectal mucosa, cotton tissue simulating the internal anal sphincter, and bovine meat simulating the external anal sphincter). The simulator was initially assembled with the aid of anatomical photos to study the anatomy and meaning of each component of the model. The laceration was created and repaired, using end-to-end or overlapping application techniques.
Results The model cost less than R$ 10.00 and was assembled without difficulty, which improved the knowledge of the participants of anatomy and physiology. The sutures of the layers (rectal mucosa, internal sphincter, and external sphincter) were performed in keeping with the surgical technique. All participants were satisfied with the simulation and felt it improved their knowledge and skills. Between 3 and 6 months after the training, 7 participants witnessed severe lacerations in their practice and reported that the simulation was useful for surgical correction.
Conclusion The use of a simulator for repair training in OASIS is affordable (low-cost and easy to perform). The simulation seems to improve the knowledge and surgical skills necessary to repair severe lacerations. Further systematized studies should be performed for evaluation.
Accurate Assessment of Blood Loss during Cesarean Delivery Improves Estimation of Postoperative Hemoglobin
Authors: Block Michael , Zamudio Stacy , Douglas Claudia , Sledge Sharon , Tully Griffeth , Thurer Robert , Rubenstein Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Objective To determine if accurate blood loss determination during cesarean delivery can improve the prediction of postoperative hemoglobin levels.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study using visually estimated blood loss (traditional, n = 2,025) versus estimates using a mobile application that photographs sponges and canisters and calculates their hemoglobin content (device, n = 756).
Results The correlation between the actual and predicted postoperative day 1 hemoglobin value (PPO1 Hgb) was better in the device group (R
2 = 0.519, correlation = 0.720) than in the traditional group (R
2 = 0.429, correlation = 0.655) (p = 0.005). For patients in the device group where the estimated blood loss was >1,000 mL (n = 53), the PPO1 Hgb was also better correlated with the actual value (R
2 = 0.319, correlation = 0.565) than the predictions using visually estimated blood loss for those patients in the device group whose visual estimation was >1,000 mL (n = 32) (R
2 = 0.035, correlation = 0.187) (p = 0.027).
Conclusion Implementation of a device that accurately measures blood loss allows for a better prediction of postoperative day 1 hemoglobin concentration than is possible using visual blood loss estimation. This improvement was seen in the entire patient group and was particularly prominent in patients with blood losses of > 1,000 mL.
Paternal diet programs offspring health through sperm- and seminal plasma-specific pathways in mice
Authors: Watkins Adam J. , Dias Irundika , Tsuro Heather , Allen Danielle , Emes Richard D. , Moreton Joanna , Wilson Ray , Ingram Richard J. M. , Sinclair Kevin D. 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceParental health and diet at the time of conception determine the development and life-long disease risk of their offspring. While the association between poor maternal diet and offspring health is well established, the underlying mechanisms linking paternal diet with offspring health are poorly defined. Possible programming pathways include changes in testicular and sperm epigenetic regulation and status, seminal plasma composition, and maternal reproductive tract responses regulating early embryo development. In this study, we demonstrate that paternal low-protein diet induces sperm-DNA hypomethylation in conjunction with blunted female reproductive tract embryotrophic, immunological, and vascular remodeling responses. Furthermore, we identify sperm- and seminal plasma-specific programming effects of paternal diet with elevated offspring adiposity, metabolic dysfunction, and altered gut microbiota.
Mechanistic insights into plant SUVH family H3K9 methyltransferases and their binding to context-biased non-CG DNA methylation
Authors: Li Xueqin , Harris C. Jake , Zhong Zhenhui , Chen Wei , Liu Rui , Jia Bei , Wang Zonghua , Li Sisi , Jacobsen Steven E. , Du Jiamu 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Plant SUVH family H3K9 methyltransferases play a key role in connecting the two epigenetic silencing marks, DNA methylation and H3K9me2. However, the regulation of SUVH protein activities and their precise role in the regulation of DNA methylation remains unclear. In this research, we performed a comprehensive investigation into the structure, biochemistry, and in vivo targeting characteristics of SUVH histone methyltransferases. For binding methylated DNA, we reveal that the SUVH family proteins possess a unique thumb loop-dependent base-flipping mechanism. For methyltransferase function, we reveal that SUVH6 is regulated by a dynamic autoinhibitory domain. Finally, our in vitro DNA-binding assays combined with ChIP-seq data uncover mechanisms to help explain context-biased non-CG DNA methylation in plants.
Talking in asides in Shakespeare’s plays
Authors: Mullini Roberta 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Only in the first Quarto of The Merry Wives of Windsor (1602) and in that of Pericles (1609) can
the stage direction “aside” be found. Nevertheless it is abundantly present in modern editions of Shakespearean plays, starting
from Shakespeare’s first editors in the eighteenth century. Scholars have defined various categories for this particular
theatrical convention (monological, ad spectatores, and dialogical), among which this article investigates the
dialogical aside and the pragmatic strategies it involves, when dialogue becomes circumspect, so as not to be caught by other
onstage bystanders. Following the results of a preliminary quantitative search, the plays analysed in detail are The
Tempest, Henry VI, Part 3, and Antony and Cleopatra.
The influence of L1 frequency in instructed second language learning of L2 idioms
Authors: Türker Ebru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of L1 frequency on the acquisition of L2 idioms with an experiment employing structured input instruction based on the input processing model. Intermediate L2 Korean learners completed a pretest, computer-assisted instructional treatment session, and posttest. The tests included production, interpretation, and meaning tasks, which manipulated amount of context and idiom type (i.e., Shared L1-L2 idioms, which have linguistic representations in both languages and are subgrouped by high or low L1 frequency, and L2 Only idioms, which have no L1 equivalent). The results show that high L1 frequency had a consistently facilitatory effect on the learning of equivalent L2 idioms, but that context had the strongest effect on the learning of L2 idioms that have no counterpart in the L1.