bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased light availability and nutrient cycling by fish provide resilience against reversing eutrophication in an agriculturally impacted reservoir
Authors: Kelly Patrick T. , González María J. , Renwick William H. , Vanni Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigh external nutrient loads to lakes are a primary cause of eutrophication. As such, management activities in the watersheds of heavily impacted systems are commonly implemented to reduce nutrient supply to lakes with high phytoplankton biomass. Although management efforts are often successful, resilience against the reversal of eutrophication may be maintained by a variety of different drivers of phytoplankton biomass. These may include internal sources of nutrients, and increases in light availability with declining sediment loads. We used a 21‐yr dataset to examine the responses of Acton Lake, a eutrophic agriculturally impacted reservoir, to determine the relative strength of potential drivers of changes in phytoplankton biomass through time. We also identified sources of ecosystem resilience that allow the lake to remain eutrophic. Despite declining nutrient concentrations in inflow streams, chlorophyll increased in Acton Lake over approximately the first decade of our study, and remained relatively stable in the second decade. Time series modeling suggests two primary drivers of increased phytoplankton: (1) increased nutrient excretion by detritivorous fish (gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum), and (2) declining sediment loads from the watershed that reduced phytoplankton light limitation. We also identify precipitation patterns and stream discharge as being possible sources of ecosystem resilience, contributing to high loads of nutrients even if concentrations in inflow streams have declined with better management. These results suggest a more comprehensive view of management efforts to reduce eutrophication may be necessary, incorporating interactions among internal nutrient sources, climate variation, and changes in light availability.
JAK3 mutations in Italian patients affected by SCID: New molecular aspects of a long‐known gene
Authors: Di Matteo Gigliola , Chiriaco Maria , Scarselli Alessia , Cifaldi Cristina , Livadiotti Susanna , Di Cesare Silvia , Ferradini Valentina , Aiuti Alessandro , Rossi Paolo , Finocchi Andrea , Cancrini Caterina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) gene cause an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) usually characterized by the absence of both T and NK cells, but preserved numbers of B lymphocytes (T‐B+NK‐SCID). The detection of larger (>100 bp) genomic duplications or deletions can be more difficult to be detected by PCR‐based methods or standard NGS protocols, and a broad range of mutation detection techniques are necessary.MethodsWe report four unrelated Italian patients (two females and two males) with SCID phenotype. Protein expression, functional studies, molecular analysis by standard methods and NGS, and transcripts studies were performed to obtain a definitive diagnosis.ResultsHere, we describe four JAK3‐deficient patients from four unrelated families. The first patient is homozygous for the known c.1951 C>T mutation causing the amino acidic change p.R651W. The other two patients, originating from the same small Italian town, resulted compound heterozygotes for the same g.15410_16542del deletion and two different novel mutations, g.13319_13321delTTC and c.933T>G (p.F292V), respectively. The fourth patient was compound heterozygous for the novel mutations p.V599G and p.W709R. Defective STAT5 phosphorylation after IL2 or IL15 stimulation corroborated the mutation pathogenicity. Concerning g.15410_16542del mutation, probably due to an unequal homologous recombination between Alu elements of JAK3 gene, microsatellites analysis revealed that both unrelated Pt2 and Pt3 and their carrier family members shared the same haplotype. These data support the hypothesis of a founder effect for the g.15410_16542del mutation that might have inherited in both unrelated families from the same ancient progenitor.ConclusionDifferent molecular techniques are still required to obtain a definitive diagnosis of AR‐SCID particularly in all cases in which a monoallelic mutation is found by standard mutation scanning methods.
Design and fabrication of starch‐nano clay composite films loaded with methyl orange and bromocresol green for determination of spoilage in milk package
Authors: Pirsa Sajad , Karimi Sani Iraj , Khodayvandi Sepideh 
Published: July 2018

In this work, new composite film based on starch and nano clay particles was provided. The nano composite film was loaded by methyl orange (MO) and bromocresol green (BG) indicators. Two type films, including starch‐nano clay‐methyl orange (SCMO) and starch‐nano clay‐bromocresol green (SCBG) were provided. Some properties of provided films, including solubility in water, moisture uptake, water vapor permeability, FT‐IR, and scanning electron microscopy were studied. According to the results, MO and BG were loaded between starch and nano clay particles physically and clay particle size was between 40 and 100 nm. Finally, the SCMO and SCBG simultaneously were improvised in the milk bottle. According to the color change of indicators in the different pH (MO [3.1‐4.4] and BG [3.8‐5.4]), the fabricated films were used for determination of milk spoilage in a milk bottle. The best advantage of fabricated SCMO and SCBG films is that the indicators do not release into the milk by exposing with the milk. The milk pH is changed during the storage time (from 6.7 to the 4), and in the low pH, the milk is spoiled so the fabricated film smartly could show the spoilage of milk by color changing.
Noninvasive prenatal test for FGFR3‐related skeletal dysplasia based on next‐generation sequencing and plasma cell‐free DNA: Test performance analysis and feasibility exploration
Authors: Ren Yuan , Zhao Jia , Li Ruibing , Xie Yifan , Jiang Shufang , Zhou Honghui , Liu Hongtai , You Yanqin , Chen Fang , Wang Wei , Gao Ya , Meng Yuanguang , Lu Yanping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and accuracy of a noninvasive prenatal test for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)‐related skeletal dysplasia based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of plasma cell‐free DNA.MethodFragmented genome DNA (gDNA) of fetuses with achondroplasia (ACH) and thanatophoric dysplasia type I (TD I) was mixed with postdelivery maternal plasma cell‐free DNA to generate spiked samples of different modeled fetal fractions. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the 19 FGFR3 loci, and the amplification products were then sequenced by NGS to detect the fetal mutant alleles. Then, maternal plasma samples of pregnant women carrying ACH (n = 4) and TD I fetuses (n = 2), as well as healthy controls (n = 15), were tested by NGS, and the test performance was evaluated.ResultsFetal FGFR3 mutations were detected in all artificial mixtures with fetal gDNA concentrations above 3%. In clinical validation, our method identified all fetal FGFR3 mutant alleles from maternal plasma, with no false positive results. The sensitivity and specificity of our method were 100% (95% CI, 54.1%‐100%) and 100% (78.2%‐100%), respectively.ConclusionOur method had a favorable performance for noninvasively detecting fetal FGFR3 mutations in maternal plasma, highlighting its promising value in developing a noninvasive prenatal test for de novo and paternally inherited disorders.
A PASE Approach towards (Adamantyl‐1)‐, Alkyl‐ and (Het)Aryl‐Substituted [1, 2,4]triazolo[1, 5‐d][1, 2,4]triazines: A Sequence of Two Solvent‐Free Reactions Bearing Lower E‐Factors
Authors: Krinochkin Alexey P. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Giri Kousik , Shtaitz Yaroslav K. , Starnovskaya Ekaterina S. , Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Drokin Roman A. , Ulomsky Eugeny N. , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA Pot, Atom, Step Economic (PASE) approach is reported towards [1, 2,4]triazolo[1, 5‐d][1, 2,4]triazines, substituted with the azole ring with pharmacophore residues, such as 1‐adamantyl or 2‐furanyl moieties, naproxen residues, as well aliphatic and (het)aromatic substituents, starting from easily available 1,2,4‐triazine‐5‐carbonitriles and carboxylic acids hydrazides. This approach involves a sequence of two solvent‐free reactions accompanied by the Dimroth rearrangement on the last step. The structures of the final Dimroth rearrangement products were confirmed based on the DFT studies as well as the single crystal X‐ray analysis for the admantane‐substituted product. In addition, this method possesses lower E‐factors.
A High‐Performance Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology Enabled by Mediating High‐Concentration Methanol through a Graphene Aerogel
Authors: Liu Xiaoteng , Xi Jiabin , Xu Ben Bin , Fang Bo , Wang Yucheng , Bayati Maryam , Scott Keith , Gao Chao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA facile methodology to fabricate graphene aerogel (GA), and its application in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), is demonstrated for the first time. A new GADMFC design is proposed by using GA to replace two main components within the DMFC—the gas‐diffusion layer and the flow field plate. The results indicate a 24.95 mW cm−2 maximum power density of air polarization is obtained at 25 °C. The membrane electrolyte assembly has a 63.8% mass reduction compared to an ordinary one, which induced 3 times higher mass power density. Benefiting from its excellent organic solvent absorbency, the methanol crossover effect is dramatically suppressed while using 12 m methanol, therefore, a higher concentration or even pure methanol can be refilled into the fuel cell. Due to the excellent fuel‐storage function of the GA, the methanol cartridge and complicated fuel circulation system in the DMFC can be eliminated, which can reduce the manufacturing cost for DMFCs. It is expected this research will promote the application of GA in fuel‐cell applications, as well as shed light on the novel fuel‐cell technology to address future energy challenges.
Assessing an Interactive Online Tool to Support Parents' Genomic Testing Decisions
Authors: Adam Shelin , Birch Patricia H. , Coe Rachel R. , Bansback Nick , Jones Adrian L. , Connolly Mary B. , Demos Michelle K. , Toyota Eric B. , Farrer Matthew J. , Friedman Jan M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClinical use of genome‐wide sequencing (GWS) requires pre‐test genetic counseling, but the availability of genetic counseling is limited. We developed an interactive online decision‐support tool, DECIDE, to make genetic counseling, patient education, and decision support more readily available. We performed a non‐inferiority trial comparing DECIDE to standard genetic counseling to assess the clinical value of DECIDE for pre‐GWS counseling. One hundred and six parents considering GWS for their children with epilepsy were randomized to conventional genetic counseling or DECIDE. Following the intervention, we measured parents' knowledge and empowerment and asked their opinions about using DECIDE. Both DECIDE and conventional genetic counseling significantly increased parents' knowledge, with no difference between groups. Empowerment also increased but by less than 2% in each group. Parents liked using DECIDE and found it useful; 81% would recommend it to others; 49% wished to use it along with a genetic counselor; 26% of parents preferred to see a genetic counselor; 7% preferred DECIDE alone; and 18% had no preference. DECIDE appears equivalent to genetic counseling at conveying information. In addition, it was highly acceptable to the majority of study participants, many of whom indicated that it was useful to their decision‐making. Use of DECIDE as a pre‐test tool may extend genetic counseling resources.
Association of cerebrospinal fluid α‐synuclein with total and phospho‐tau181 protein concentrations and brain amyloid load in cognitively normal subjective memory complainers stratified by Alzheimer's disease biomarkers
Authors: Vergallo Andrea , Bun René‐Sosata , Toschi Nicola , Baldacci Filippo , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Cavedo Enrica , Lamari Foudil , Habert Marie‐Odile , Dubois Bruno , Floris Roberto , Garaci Francesco , Lista Simone , Hampel Harald ,   INSIGHT‐preAD study group,   for the lzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI)
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionSeveral neurodegenerative brain proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are associated with cerebral deposition of insoluble aggregates of α‐synuclein. Previous studies reported a trend toward increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α‐synuclein (α‐syn) concentrations in AD compared with other neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls.MethodsThe pathophysiological role of CSF α‐syn in asymptomatic subjects at risk of AD has not been explored. We performed a large‐scale cross‐sectional observational monocentric study of preclinical individuals at risk for AD (INSIGHT‐preAD).ResultsWe found a positive association between CSF α‐syn concentrations and brain β‐amyloid deposition measures as mean cortical standard uptake value ratios. We demonstrate positive correlations between CSF α‐syn and both CSF t‐tau and p‐tau181 concentrations.DiscussionAnimal models presented evidence, indicating that α‐syn may synergistically and directly induce fibrillization of both tau and β‐amyloid. Our data indicate an association of CSF α‐syn with AD‐related pathophysiological mechanisms, during the preclinical phase of the disease.
The 2018 Revision to the Process of Care Model for Evaluation of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Giraldi Annamaria , Hackett Geoff , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Rubio-Aurioles Eusebio , Trost Landon , Hassan Tarek A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition that may affect men of all ages; in 1999, a Process of Care Model was developed to provide clinicians with recommendations regarding the evaluation and management of ED.

Aim
To reflect the evolution of the study of ED since 1999, this update to the process of care model presents health care providers with a tool kit to facilitate patient interactions, comprehensive evaluation, and counseling for ED.

Methods
A cross-disciplinary panel of international experts met to propose updates to the 1999 process of care model from a global perspective. The updated model was designed to be evidence-based, data-driven, and accessible to a wide range of health care providers.

Outcomes
This article summarizes the resulting discussion of the expert meeting and focuses on ED evaluation. The management of ED is discussed in an article by Muhall et al (J Sex Med 2018;15:1280-1292).

Results
A comprehensive approach to the evaluation of ED is warranted because ED may involve both psychological and organic components. The updated process of care model for evaluation was divided into core and optional components and now focuses on the combination of first-line pharmacotherapy and counseling in consideration of patient sexual dynamics.

Clinical Implications
Patient evaluation for ED should encompass a variety of aspects, including medical history, sexual history, physical examination, psychological evaluation, laboratory testing, and possibly adjunctive testing.

Strengths & Limitations
This update draws on author expertise and experience to provide multi-faceted guidance for the evaluation of ED in a modern context. Although a limited number of contributors provided input on the update, these experts represent diverse fields that encounter patients with ED. Additionally, no meta-analyses were performed to further support the ED evaluation guidelines presented.

Conclusion
Comprehensive evaluation of ED affords health care providers an opportunity to address medical, psychological/psycho-social, and sexual issues associated with ED, with the ultimate goal being effective management and possibly resolution of ED. While some or all techniques described in the updated model may be needed for each patient, evaluation should in all cases be thorough.
Profiting from collaborative innovation practices: Identifying organizational success factors along the process
Authors: Anzola-Román Paula , Bayona-Sáez Cristina , García-Marco Teresa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractResearch on innovation management has pointed out that the capitalization of collaborative innovation practices is influenced by firms’ internal context. This paper aims to answer the following question: which organizational factors help to overcome the challenges that firms face in the different phases of the collaborative innovation process? For this purpose, previous literature is revised and three case studies are analyzed by means of applying a framework that structures the collaborative innovation process in three areas of relevance (i.e., development, integration and commercialization of the innovation). The results of the analysis inform the proposal of a theoretical framework that identifies the organizational context factors that determine the success or failure of collaborative innovation practices in each of the stages of the process.
On perpetuities with gamma-like tails
Authors: Buraczewski Dariusz , Dyszewski Piotr , Iksanov Alexander , Marynych Alexander 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
An infinite convergent sum of independent and identically distributed random variables discounted by a multiplicative random walk is called perpetuity, because of a possible actuarial application. We provide three disjoint groups of sufficient conditions which ensure that the right tail of a perpetuity ℙ{X > x} is asymptotic to axce-bx as x → ∞ for some a, b > 0, and c ∈ ℝ. Our results complement those of Denisov and Zwart (2007). As an auxiliary tool we provide criteria for the finiteness of the one-sided exponential moments of perpetuities. We give several examples in which the distributions of perpetuities are explicitly identified.
On unimodality of the lifetime distribution of coherent systems with failure-dependent component lifetimes
Authors: Bieniek M. , Burkschat M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We study the conditions for unimodality of the lifetime distribution of a coherent system when the ordered component lifetimes in the system are described by generalized order statistics. Results for systems with independent and identically distributed lifetimes of components are included in this setting. The findings are illustrated with some examples for different types of systems. In particular, coherent systems with strictly bimodal density functions are presented in the case of independent standard uniform distributed lifetimes of components. Furthermore, we use the results to derive a sharp upper bound on the expected system lifetime in terms of the mean and the standard deviation of the underlying distribution.
Effects of soil temperature and tidal condition on variation in carbon dioxide flux from soil sediment in a subtropical mangrove forest
Authors: Tomotsune Mitsutoshi , Yoshitake Shinpei , Iimura Yasuo , Kida Morimaru , Fujitake Nobuhide , Koizumi Hiroshi , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:The variation in CO2 flux from the forest floor is important in understanding the role of mangrove forests as a carbon sink. To clarify the effects of soil temperature and tidal conditions on variation in CO2 flux, sediment–atmosphere CO2 fluxes were measured between June 2012 and May 2013. We used the closed chamber method for two plots, with a 0.5 m difference in elevation (B, high elevation; R-B, low elevation), in a mangrove forest in south-western Japan. CO2 fluxes were highest in the warm season and showed a weak positive correlation with soil temperature in both forests. Estimated monthly CO2 flux showed moderate seasonal variation in accordance with the exposure duration of the soil surface under tidal fluctuation. Additionally, measured CO2 flux and soil temperature were slightly higher in the R-B plot than the B plot, although estimated annual CO2 flux was higher in the B plot than the R-B plot due to different exposure durations. These results suggest that variation in the exposure duration of the forest floor, which changes seasonally and microgeographically, is important in evaluating the annual CO2 flux at a local scale and understanding the role of mangrove ecosystems as regulators of atmospheric CO2.
Modulated radiotherapy for head and neck carcinomas: an outcome study
Authors: Kataria Tejinder , Mishra Saumya R. , Gupta Deepak , Goyal Shikha , Bisht Shyam S. , Malik Abhidha , Abhishek Ashu , Banerjee Susovan , Narang Kushal , Basu Trinanjan , Tayal Manoj 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the survival outcomes and toxicities experienced by non-metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC) patients receiving modulated radiotherapy (RT).Materials and methodsA total of 608 HNC patients treated consecutively from March 2010 to December 2014 with common subsites (oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx and nasopharynx) of HNCs formed the study group. Eligible patients included those treated with radical or postoperative RT between March 2010 and December 2014. More than 90% patients received modulated RT [intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT)] with concurrent chemotherapy as per stage guidelines. Demographic parameters and disease-related factors were analysed. Disease-free survival (DFS) was calculated from end date of RT till last follow-up or last date of disease control. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from date of registration to last follow-up date if alive. The primary endpoint was survival. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0 and Kaplan–Meier method was used for calculation survival.ResultsAmong the evaluable patients, the median age was 60 years (range: 16–93) with male preponderance (male:female – 513:95). Majority were squamous cell carcinoma 93·4% (568/608). The subsites treated were oral cavity 36·8% (224). oropharynx 26·4% (161), larynx 19·7% (120), hypopharynx 10% (62) and nasopharynx 6·4% (41). RT intent was radical in 63·5% (386) and postoperative in 36·5% (222), with 59·5% (362) receiving concurrent chemotherapy. At last follow-up, 348 (57·2%) patients were alive, 169 (27·7%) patients had succumbed to disease and 120 (24·6%) patients had recurrent disease. Out of 120 recurrent cases loco-regional recurrence, nodal recurrence and distant metastases were seen in 62 (51·7%), 25 (20·8%), 33 (27·5%), respectively. In the entire study cohort at 2 year OS and DFS was 80 and 79% whereas 3 years OS and DFS was 70 and 75%, respectively.ConclusionsIn our study, 2 years and 3 years OS and DFS rates are found comparable to the international data with acceptable toxicity profile with the use of modulated RT. It seems to be possible because of stringent departmental protocols and good medical physics support. Our data re-validates need and benefit of advanced RT techniques like IG-IMRT and VMAT for both postoperative and radical HNC treatment at the cost of minimal long-term side effects. Future stringent follow-up and quality of life issues are being considered in a prospective manner.