bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New interglacial deposits from Copenhagen, Denmark: marine Isotope Stage 7
Authors: Bennike Ole , Hedenäs Lars , High Kirsty , Korshøj Joakim S. , Lemdahl Geoffrey , Penkman Kirsty , Preece Richard C. , Rosenlund Knud , Viehberg Finn A. 
Published: September 2018

During a pre‐site survey and construction of a new metro route and station in Copenhagen, fossiliferous organic‐rich sediments were encountered. This paper reports on multidisciplinary investigations of these organic sediments, which occurred beneath a sediment succession with a lower till, glacifluvial sand and gravel, an upper till and glacifluvial sand. The organic sediments were underlain by glacifluvial sand and gravel. The organic‐rich sediments, which were up to 0.5 m thick, accumulated in a low‐energy environment, possibly an oxbow lake. They were rich in plant fossils, which included warmth‐demanding trees and other species, such as Najas minor, indicating slightly higher summer temperatures than at present. Freshwater shells were also frequent. Bithynia opercula allowed the sediments to be put into an aminostratigraphical framework. The amino acid racemization (AAR) ratios indicate that the organic sediments formed during Marine Isotope Stage 7 (MIS 7), which is consistent with optically stimulated luminescence dating that gave ages of 206 and 248 ka from the underlying minerogenic deposit. The assemblages from Trianglen are similar to interglacial deposits from the former Free Port (1.4 km away) in Copenhagen, except that Corbicula and Pisidium clessini were not found at Trianglen. The presence of these bivalves at the Free Port and the ostracod Scottia tumida at Trianglen indicates a pre‐Eemian age. AAR data from archived Bithynia opercula from the Free Port were almost identical to those from Trianglen, indicating that the two sites are contemporary. We suggest the Trianglen interglacial be used as a local name for the MIS 7 interglacial deposits in Copenhagen. MIS 7 deposits have rarely been documented from the region, but MIS 7 deposits may have been mistaken for other ages. The use of AAR ratios in Bithynia opercula has a great potential for correlation of interglacial non‐marine deposits in mainland northern Europe.
Transparency and currency crises
Authors: Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe role transparency plays in the prevention of currency crises is widely acknowledged. Nevertheless, the relationship between transparency and currency crises has rarely been subjected to systematic cross‐national scrutiny. This paper attempts to explore the effect of transparency on currency crises by focusing on a specific dimension of transparency: the public dissemination of aggregate economic data by governments. My analysis provides strong evidence that greater transparency is associated with a lower likelihood of currency crises, regardless of economic conditions. When I add economic and political determinants of currency crises, the estimate of transparency remains unaltered in magnitude or statistical significance.
Accounting research on health care – Trends and gaps
Authors: Malmmose Margit 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study reviews 317 accounting studies in health care from the past 40 years. In addition to a traditional description of the theory and methods applied, this review focuses on the countries that have been studied, the stakeholder perspectives that have been represented through data collection and the longitudinal accounting topic focuses that have been developed. The findings illuminate trends and gaps in the literature. Specifically, this study identifies a growing trend of applying interviews as a method of data collection, which increases the possibility of representing individual stakeholders. Predominantly, administrators’ and doctors’ viewpoints are presented, whereas a lack of perspectives among nurses, patients, and politicians raises opportunities for future research. Additionally, there has been an increase in the number of countries represented in studies. Whereas Scandinavian countries are well represented in this literature review, studies of non‐English‐speaking countries are still significantly lacking. The accounting topic in focus has seen a natural development with New Public Management (NPM) reform developments. A majority of costing and budgeting studies in the 1980s and 1990s have gradually changed to a performance measure focus and different atypical areas, signaling increased nuances in the role of accounting in the health care sector. Thus, although the majority of the existing accounting literature has focused on NPM market reforms, NPM health care reform is far from exhausted, and ample opportunities exist for future research in health care accounting.
Neuroprotective effect of carnosine in the olfactory bulb after vanadium inhalation in a mouse model
Authors: Colín‐Barenque Laura , Bizarro‐Nevares Patricia , González Villalva Adriana , Pedraza‐Chaverri Jose , Medina‐Campos Omar Noel , Jimenez‐Martínez Ruben , Rodríguez‐Rangel Daniela S. , Reséndiz Stefanie , Fortoul Teresa I. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryCarnosine (β‐alanyl‐L‐histidine) is synthesized in the olfactory system, has antioxidant activity as a scavenger of free radicals and has been reported to have neuroprotective action in diseases which have been attributed to oxidative damage. In neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, impairment of olfactory function has been described. Vanadium derivatives are environmental pollutants, and its toxicity has been associated with oxidative stress. Vanadium toxicity on the olfactory bulb was reported previously. This study investigates the neuroprotective effect of carnosine on the olfactory bulb in a mice model of vanadium inhalation. Male mice were divided into four groups: vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) [0.02 mol/L] inhalation for one hour twice a week; V2O5 inhalation plus 1 mg/kg of carnosine administered daily; carnosine only, and the control group that inhaled saline. The olfactory function was evaluated using the odorant test. Animals were sacrificed four weeks after exposure. The olfactory bulbs were dissected and processed using the rapid Golgi method; cytological and ultrastructural analysis was performed and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured. The results showed evidence of olfactory dysfunction caused by vanadium exposure and also an increase in MDA levels, loss of dendritic spines and necrotic neuronal death in the granule cells. But, in contrast, vanadium‐exposed mice treated with carnosine showed an increase in dendritic spines and a decrease in neuronal death and in MDA levels when compared with the group exposed to vanadium without carnosine. These results suggest that dendritic spine loss and ultrastructural alterations in the granule cells induced by vanadium are mediated by oxidative stress and that carnosine may modulate the neurotoxic vanadium action, improving the olfactory function.
Optical and mechanical characterization of transparent α‐alumina fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Benaissa Salim , Hamidouche Mohamed , Kolli Mostafa , Fantozzi Gilbert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this work was the analysis of the experimental results of a transparent alumina (BMA15) ceramic which was fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) from nanopowder (BMA15, Baikowski Chimie, France), at different temperatures (1200°C, 1250°C, 1300°C). With the application of a maximum uniaxial pressure of 73MPa during all the fabrication‐cycle (more than 3 hours). We sought an optimal sintering temperature combining better optical and mechanical properties of our pellets. The sintered alumina (BMA15) has a crystalline and dense microstructure. The samples sintered at 1200°C exhibit the best optical properties, in particular: good real inline transmission (RIT) and an optical gap greater than those of the samples sintered at 1250°C and 1300°C. Due to their low density, the Young modulus of alumina sintered at 1200 °C, deduced by ultrasound, has a low value which is about 385 GPa. Similarly, its small grain size gives it a better Vickers hardness ~ 21 GPa. Therefore, the value of the coefficient of friction μ stabilizes around the mean value of 0.21.
The effects of external fields in ceramic sintering
Authors: Jha Shikhar K. , Phuah Xin Li , Luo Jian , Grigoropoulos Costas P. , Wang Haiyan , García Edwin , Reeja‐Jayan B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractField‐assisted processing techniques can enhance the kinetics of powder synthesis, accelerate sintering processes, and drive phase transformations at significantly lower temperatures compared to conventional methods. However, the exact nature of this nonthermal interaction between field and matter remains vastly speculative. A 2‐day workshop on “Electromagnetic Effects in Materials Synthesis” was organized at Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, USA) in June 2017, jointly sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. This workshop gathered the scientific community working on field‐assisted techniques of materials processing. Inspired by the discussions held at the workshop, this paper summarizes the advancements to date and opens scientific questions and research opportunities in the three major field‐assisted sintering techniques (laser, microwave, and flash sintering). Significant challenges remain in (a) experimental design, measurements, and computational simulations to distinguish the nonthermal effects of the externally applied fields from conventional thermal phenomena; and (b) identifying fundamental mechanisms behind low temperature, nonthermal effects that produce phase transitions and microstructural evolution in materials under externally applied fields. We also present the recent developments in multiscale characterization techniques and the theory and modeling efforts, which aim to tackle the aforementioned grand multidisciplinary challenges facing researchers.
Long‐term safety profile of ixekizumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: an integrated analysis from 11 clinical trials
Authors: Langley R.G. , Kimball A.B. , Nak H. , Xu W. , Pangallo B. , Osuntokun O.O. , Agada N. , Reich K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis in many patients is a chronic and recalcitrant disease that requires long‐term treatment, reinforcing the importance of long‐term safety data. Ixekizumab, a high‐affinity monoclonal antibody that selectively targets interleukin (IL)‐17A, is approved for treating patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.ObjectiveTo determine long‐term safety of ixekizumab in psoriasis.MethodsIntegrated safety data are presented from 12‐week induction period, 12–60‐week maintenance period, and from all ixekizumab‐treated patients from 11 clinical studies. Exposure‐adjusted incidence rates (IRs) per 100 patient‐years are reported.ResultsOverall, 5689 patients accounted for 12 061.5 patient‐years of ixekizumab exposure from 11 studies. Over 156 weeks, a total of 83.9% (n = 4775) of patients reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs). Most opportunistic infections (IR [95% confidence interval; CI] 1.8 [1.6, 2.1]) reported were mucocutaneous candidiasis. The IR (95% CI) for oral Candida infection was 0.9 (0.8, 1.1). There was no trend of increase in IR of AEs of special interest. Serious AEs were reported in 11.8% of patients; death occurred in 0.4% (n = 23) of patients.ConclusionThe 3‐year, long‐term maintenance treatment with ixekizumab did not show any new safety signals in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.
Predictors of treatment success in children with difficult to treat atopic dermatitis using a personalized integrative multidisciplinary (PIM) treatment programme
Authors: Fieten K.B. , Schappin R. , Zijlstra W.T. , Rijssenbeek‐Nouwens L. , Meijer Y. , Pasmans S.G.M.A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundA 6‐week personalized integrative multidisciplinary treatment programme (PIM) was developed for children with difficult to treat AD who appeared unresponsive to treatment according to current guidelines.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to identify clinical and psychosocial characteristics that predict long‐term treatment success after PIM.MethodsTreatment was considered successful when there was a 75% reduction on the Self‐Administered Eczema Area and Severity Index and/or little impact of AD on daily life, measured with the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (score ≤ 6), 6 months after the end of PIM. PIM is a personalized, integrative, multidisciplinary treatment programme with clearly defined goals and strategies, addressing atopic, paediatric, mental health comorbidities and general well‐being, for children and adolescents aged 8‐ to 18 years. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed using a backward selection procedure. Questionnaires were used to assess psychosocial characteristics; clinical data was extracted from medical records.ResultsIn total, 79 children/adolescents with difficult to treat AD completed PIM and long‐term treatment results were available for 74 children/adolescents. The majority (77%) of children/adolescents demonstrated long‐term treatment success with PIM. Predictors of long‐term treatment success (adjusted ORs) included maternal disease acceptance OR (95% CI) 1.84 (1.15–2.94). A group (23%) of mostly females OR (95% CI) 0.10 (0.02–0.54) with multiple somatic complaints OR (95% CI) 0.88(0.80–0.97), from families where the mother has anxiety for the use of topical corticosteroids OR (95% CI) 0.62(0.40–0.94), is less likely to obtain long‐term treatment success.ConclusionMost children and adolescents with difficult to treat AD, seemingly unresponsive to conventional treatment according to current guidelines, are able to improve with PIM. Psychosocial and family but not clinical variables, predicted long‐term treatment success after participating in PIM.
Efficacy of adjunctive low‐level laser therapy in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Mokeem Sameer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) vs SRP alone in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The addressed PICO (Population, Interventions, Comparisons and Outcomes) question was: Is LLLT as an adjunct to SRP effective in the treatment of AgP? Electronic databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials, and EMBASE, were searched until March 2018. Four clinical studies were included. Three studies showed significant improvement in periodontal outcomes among LLLT group compared to SRP alone, whereas only one study showed comparable periodontal outcomes between the adjunctive LLLT and SRP groups at follow up. The overall mean difference for clinical attachment level gain (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −3.46 to 0.07, P < 0.061) was not significant. However, significant difference for probing depth reduction (WMD = −0.95, 95% CI = −1.66 to 0.23, P = 0.009) was noticed between groups at follow up. Whether LLLT as an adjunct to SRP is more effective than SRP alone in the treatment of AgP remains debatable. Further randomized, clinical trials are required with long follow‐up periods and standard laser parameters to reach a strong conclusion.
Social Robots for Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Shu‐Chuan , Jones Cindy , Moyle Wendy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeIn recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies using social robots to improve psychological well‐being. This systematic review investigates the effect of social robot interventions for depression in older adults.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) method was used to identify and select existing studies. Nine electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta‐Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. Screening, data extraction, and synthesis were performed by three reviewers. Inclusion criteria covered original quantitative studies investigating social robots for depression in older adults.FindingsSeven studies were identified—six randomized controlled trials and one comparison study—with all classified as good quality. Social robot interventions consisted of companion, communication, and health‐monitoring robots. Three studies presented promising outcomes for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults following social robot interventions, and three studies showed decreased, but nonsignificant, trends in depression scores.ConclusionsThe results highlight the potential of social robot interventions for reducing depression in older adults. However, the evidence is not strong enough to formulate recommendations on clinical effectiveness.Clinical RelevanceSocial robots are being used with increasing frequency to potentially provide personal support to older adults living in long‐term care facilities. Social robots can be used to help alleviate depressive symptoms when used in group activities.
The influence of audiovisual stimuli cuing temperature, carbonation, and color on the categorization of freshness in beverages
Authors: Roque Jérémy , Lafraire Jérémie , Spence Charles , Auvray Malika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe study reported here investigated the influence of audiovisual stimuli signaling the likely temperature (the presence versus absence of ice cubes), the likely level of carbonation (the presence versus absence of bubbles), and the color of the liquid on the categorization of freshness in beverages. Participants made speeded categorization responses (“fresh” versus “not fresh”) concerning the bimodal stimuli. When the stimuli were categorized as fresh, visible ice cubes decreased the participants’ reaction times (RTs) the most, followed by the sound of ice cubes, and then the sound of carbonation. Overall, the participants categorized more the stimuli as fresh in the presence of ice cubes visible in the drink. When presented together, the targeted audiovisual perceptual features exerted an additive effect in both decreasing RTs and increasing the likelihood that beverages would be categorized of fresh. No significant effect of beverage color (manipulated between‐participants) was observed. These results are discussed in terms of the crossmodal interaction effects that might be expected to influence the multisensory experience of freshness in beverages.Practical applicationsThe current appeal of consumers for a global experience of freshness in the food and beverage domain constitutes a promising lever for strategic innovation. Thus, it appears timely to investigate how some sensory cues other than the chemosensory ones (i.e., taste and smell) involved in a multisensory drink experience, namely visual and auditory cues, interact and subsequently impact consumers’ perception and behavior. We believe that the triggering of specific cognitive mechanisms, which may occur during the multisensory integration processes associated with freshness perception could help to increase beverages’ attractiveness and appreciation. The present study thus has important implications for product formulation and marketing design purposes.
Telling the truth to young children: Ethical reasons for information disclosure in paediatrics
Authors: Hudson Nicholas , Spriggs Merle , Gillam Lynn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhen parents ask doctors not to disclose certain information to a child, doctors are challenged to articulate ethical reasons for giving information to children. This paper maps out the professional and legal landscape in which information‐giving to children is taking place and identifies the key ethical arguments that have been made for disclosure of information to the child patient. We focus on pre‐adolescent children, who have not reached a developmental stage that would see them regarded as ‘mature minors’. While doctors can be relatively certain that professional and legal requirements will endorse their disclosure of information to the ‘mature minor’, guidelines are not clear on information‐giving to pre‐adolescents (immature minors). We identify six ethical reasons for telling the truth to younger children. It is noteworthy that there are good reasons to tell the truth to children, which are independent of any question of the child's capacity to be involved in decision‐making.
Sleep differences in the UK between 1974 and 2015: Insights from detailed time diaries
Authors: Lamote de Grignon Pérez Juana , Gershuny Jonathan , Foster Russell , De Vos Maarten 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is often stated that sleep deprivation is on the rise, with work suggested as a main cause. However, the evidence for increasing sleep deprivation comes from surveys using habitual sleep questions. An alternative source of information regarding sleep behaviour is time‐use studies. This paper investigates changes in sleep time in the UK using the two British time‐use studies that allow measuring “time in bed not asleep” separately from “actual sleep time”. Based upon the studies presented here, people in the UK sleep today 43 min more than they did in the 1970s because they go to bed earlier (~30 min) and they wake up later (~15 min). The change in sleep duration is driven by night sleep and it is homogeneously distributed across the week. The former results apply to men and women alike, and to individuals of all ages and employment status, including employed individuals, the presumed major victims of the sleep deprivation epidemic and the 24/7 society. In fact, employed individuals have experienced a reduction in short sleeping of almost 4 percentage points, from 14.9% to 11.0%. There has also been a reduction of 15 percentage points in the amount of conflict between workers work time and their sleep time, as measured by the proportion of workers that do some work within their “ideal sleep window” (as defined by their own chronotype).
Analysis of dynamic, bidirectional associations in older adult physical activity and sleep quality
Authors: Best John R. , Falck Ryan S. , Landry Glenn J. , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSleep quality and physical activity (PA) appear to be interrelated; thus, by promoting one behaviour, it may be possible to improve the other in older adults. Examination of the within‐person day‐to‐day variation in PA and sleep quality could potentially elucidate the directionality of the association of these behaviours. We measured sleep quality (i.e. fragmentation, efficiency, duration and latency) and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA using the MotionWatch8© over 14 consecutive days and nights in community‐dwelling adults (n = 152; age range 53–101 years). Multilevel modelling estimated within‐subject autoregressive and cross‐lagged effects and between‐subject associations between PA and sleep quality. On days when individuals engaged in a high amount of PA on one day (relative to their averages), they were more likely to engage in a high amount of PA on the next day (estimate, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.24). Nights in which individuals had a long sleep latency were followed by nights in which they also had a long sleep latency (estimate, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.14). In contrast, nights in which individuals slept for a long period of time were followed by nights in which they slept relatively less than their averages (estimate, −0.09; 95% CI, −0.13, −0.04). When individuals engaged in a large amount of PA during the day, they tended to sleep longer that following night (estimate, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.02). All other associations between PA and sleep quality were not significant. Increasing PA therefore might increase sleep duration in older adults.