bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of adults participating in the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey
Authors: Malacova Eva , Cheang Peihua (Rachel) , Dunlop Eleanor , Sherriff Jill L. , Lucas Robyn M. , Daly Robin M. , Nowson Caryl A. , Black Lucinda J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is recognised as a public health problem globally, and a high prevalence of deficiency has previously been reported in Australia. This study details the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian adults aged ≥25 years, using an internationally standardised method to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and identifies demographic and lifestyle factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. We used data from the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey (n 5034 with complete information on potential predictors and serum 25(OH)D concentrations). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by a liquid chromatography-tandem MS that is certified to the reference measurement procedures developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Ghent University and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were defined as serum 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/l and 50 to <75 nmol/l, respectively. Overall, 20 % of participants (19 % men; 21 % women) were classified as vitamin D deficient, with a further 43 % classified as insufficient (45 % men; 42 % women). Independent predictors of vitamin D deficiency included being born in a country other than Australia or the main English-speaking countries, residing in southern (higher latitude) states of Australia, being assessed during winter or spring, being obese, smoking (women only), having low physical activity levels and not taking vitamin D or Ca supplements. Given our increasingly indoor lifestyles, there is a need to develop and promote strategies to maintain adequate vitamin D status through safe sun exposure and dietary approaches.
Evaluation of the academic productivity of the top 100 worldwide physicians in the field of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery using the Google Scholar h-index as the bibliometrics ranking system
Authors: Kalcioglu M T , Ileri Y , Ozdamar O I , Yilmaz U , Tekin M 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe top 100 physicians of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery worldwide were investigated using the Google Scholar h-index.MethodAlthough there are various bibliometrics ranking systems that present the academic quantity and quality of scientists’ published articles, the h-index is the most popular and widely accepted. In this study, Google Scholar was used to search all the keywords involving all the subspecialties of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, with the aim of identifying as many physicians as possible. Obtaining the Google Scholar h-index and citations is not possible for scientists who do not have Google Scholar accounts. Thus, only those with Google Scholar accounts were included.ResultsThe average h-index of all 100 physicians enrolled in the study was 37.83, with a range of 25–81.ConclusionThe current study details the academic impact of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery physicians worldwide based on the Google Scholar h-index.
Cluster of differentiation 8 T-cell population in the laryngeal mucosa of smokers with laryngeal cancer
Authors: Elwany S , Radi S , Khalil H , Talaat I , Belasy K 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo study the cluster of differentiation 8 population in the laryngeal mucosa of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. To our knowledge this is the first paper to address this issue.MethodsThe study group included 40 patients with known laryngeal cancer who were scheduled for laryngectomy. The control groups included 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers who were scheduled for microlaryngeal surgery. Specimens from the three groups were processed for histopathological and histochemical evaluation.ResultsIn patients without cancer of the larynx, the number of cluster of differentiation 8 lymphocytes was greater in smokers than non-smokers. The number of cluster of differentiation 8 lymphocytes was greatest in smokers with laryngeal cancer, and the difference between this group and the two control groups was statistically significant.ConclusionThe study showed that smoking increased the number of cluster of differentiation 8 T-lymphocytes in the laryngeal mucosa. The increase was greatest in patients who had developed laryngeal cancer.
Laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions at ultra-relativistic laser intensity
Authors: Domański J. , Badziak J. , Marchwiany M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the results of numerical investigations into the acceleration of heavy ions by a multi-PW laser pulse of ultra-relativistic intensity, to be available with the Extreme Light Infrastructure lasers currently being built in Europe. In the numerical simulations, performed with the use of a multi-dimensional (2D3V) particle-in-cell code, the thorium target with a thickness of 50 or 200 nm was irradiated by a circularly polarized 20 fs laser pulse with an energy of ~150 J and an intensity of 1023 W/cm2. It was found that the detailed run of the ion acceleration process depends on the target thickness, though in both considered cases the radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) stage of ion acceleration is followed by a sheath acceleration stage, with a significant role in the post-RPA stage being played by the ballistic movement of ions. This hybrid acceleration mechanism leads to the production of an ultra-short (sub-picosecond) multi-GeV ion beam with a wide energy spectrum and an extremely high intensity (>1021 W/cm2) and ion fluence (>1017 cm−2). Heavy ion beams of such extreme parameters are hardly achievable in conventional RF-driven ion accelerators, so they could open the avenues to new areas of research in nuclear and high energy density physics, and possibly in other scientific domains.
The structure of priority in the school choice problem
Authors: Duddy Conal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn a school choice problem, each school has a priority ordering over the set of students. These orderings depend on criteria such as whether a student lives within walking distance or has a sibling at the school. A priority ordering provides a ranking of students but nothing more. I argue that this information is sufficient when priority is based on merit but not when priority is based on criteria such as walking distance. I propose an extended formulation of the problem wherein a ‘priority matrix’, indicating which criteria are satisfied by each student-school pair, replaces the usual priority orderings.
Strip Intercropping of Rye–Vetch Mixtures: Effects on Weed Growth and Competition in Strip-tilled Sweet Corn
Authors: Lowry Carolyn J. , Brainard Daniel C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStrip-intercropping of functionally diverse cover crop mixtures including cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth) is one mechanism by which nitrogen (N) banding can be applied to an organic, strip-tilled system to increase crop competitiveness over weeds. We hypothesized that by targeting hairy vetch, a low C:N legume, to the tilled strip directly in row with future crop establishment, and cereal rye, a high C:N grass, to the untilled strip directly between future crop rows, that N would be preferentially available to the crop. We conducted a field study between 2011 to 2013 in southwest Michigan to examine the effects of rye–vetch mixture spatial arrangement (strip intercropping vs. full-width mixture) on (1) soil inorganic N; (2) weed biomass; and (3) sweet corn (Zea maysL.) biomass, yield, and competitiveness against weeds. We found that as the proportion of vetch biomass in the crop row (in-row, IR) increased, we also saw increasing levels of IR soil inorganic N and greater early sweet corn N uptake and growth relative to weeds. However, sweet corn yield and final biomass were more responsive to vetch biomass across the whole plot (WP) and did not respond to rye and vetch segregation into strips. Increasing vetch WP biomass increased sweet corn final biomass across both years, but only increased corn competitiveness against weeds in 1 out of 2 years and decreased sweet corn competitiveness in the other year. Strip-intercropping of cereal rye and hairy vetch has potential to increase soil N availability to the crop, thereby increasing early crop competitiveness, which may lower weed management costs.
Effects of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Establishment Time and Distance from the Crop Row on Biological and Phenological Characteristics of the Weed: Implications on Soybean Yield
Authors: Korres Nicholas E. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Mauromoustakos Andy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInformation about weed biology and weed population dynamics is critical for the development of efficient weed management programs. A field experiment was conducted in Fayetteville, AR, during 2014 and 2015 to examine the effects of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Watson) establishment time in relation to soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] emergence and the effects ofA. palmeridistance from the soybean row on the weed’s height, biomass, seed production, and flowering time and on soybean yield. The establishment time factor, in weeks after crop emergence (WAE), was composed of six treatment levels (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 WAE), whereas the distance from the crop consisted of three treatment levels (0, 24, and 48 cm). Differences inA. palmeribiomass and seed production averaged across distance from the crop were found at 0 and 1 WAE in both years. Establishment time had a significant effect onA. palmeriseed production through greater biomass production and height increases at earlier dates.Amaranthus palmerithat was established with the crop (0 WAE) overtopped soybean at about 7 and 10 WAE in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Distance from the crop affectedA. palmeriheight, biomass, and seed production. The greater the distance from the crop, the higherA. palmeriheight, biomass, and seed production at 0 and 1 WAE compared with other dates (i.e., 2, 4, 6, and 8 WAE).Amaranthus palmeriestablishment time had a significant impact on soybean yield, but distance from the crop did not. The earlierA. palmeriinterfered with soybean (0 and 1 WAE), the greater the crop yield reduction; after that period no significant yield reductions were recorded compared with the rest of the weed establishment times. Knowledge ofA. palmeriresponse, especially at early stages of its life cycle, is important for designing efficient weed management strategies and cropping systems that can enhance crop competitiveness. Control ofA. palmeriwithin the first week after crop emergence or reduced distance between crop and weed are important factors for an effective implementation of weed management measures againstA. palmeriand reduced soybean yield losses due to weed interference.
Drought and Famine in India, 1870–2016
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Tiwari Amar Deep , Aadhar Saran , Shah Reepal , Xiao Mu , Pai D. S. , Lettenmaier Dennis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMillions of people died due to famines in India in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; however, the relationship of historical famines with drought is complicated and not well understood. Using station‐based observations and simulations, we reconstruct soil moisture (agricultural) drought in India for the period 1870–2016. We show that over this century and a half period, India experienced seven major drought periods (1876–1882, 1895–1900, 1908–1924, 1937–1945, 1982–1990, 1997–2004, and 2011–2015) based on severity‐area‐duration analysis of reconstructed soil moisture. Out of six major famines (1873–74, 1876, 1877, 1896–97, 1899, and 1943) that occurred during 1870–2016, five are linked to soil moisture drought, and one (1943) was not. The three most deadly droughts (1877, 1896, and 1899) were linked with the positive phase of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Five major droughts were not linked with famine, and three of those five nonfamine droughts occurred after Indian independence in 1947.
Saturation Dependence of Non‐Fickian Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Hasan Sharul , Joekar‐Niasar Vahid , Karadimitriou Nikolaos K. , Sahimi Muhammad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn two‐phase flow through porous media, the percolating pathways can be hydrodynamically split into the flowing and stagnant regions. The highly variable velocity field in the pore space filled by the carrier fluid leads to significant differences in the transport time scales in the two regions that cannot be explained by the Fickian (Gaussian) advection‐dispersion equation. In contrast with the Darcy‐scale studies, up to now, relatively limited pore‐scale studies have been devoted to the characterization of transport properties in two‐phase flow. In this paper, we report on the results of computer simulation of advection‐dispersion transport in steady state two‐phase flow through porous media using a pore network model, employed as an upscaling tool. The simulation results are upscaled to directly estimate the Darcy‐scale transport coefficients and properties, namely, stagnant saturation, the mass transfer coefficient between the flowing and stagnant regions, and the longitudinal dispersion in the flowing regions. The mobile‐immobile model, one of the most commonly used models for simulating non‐Fickian transport in porous media, is used to estimate the transport properties using the inverse modeling of effluent concentration profiles. The disagreement between the directly estimated parameters and those obtained by the mobile‐immobile‐based inverse modeling implies fundamental shortcomings of the latter for describing transport in two‐phase flow. The simulation results indicate that the relative permeabilities may be used to obtain accurate estimates of the stagnant saturation, which link two‐phase Darcy's law and transport.
Virtual Velocity Approach for Estimating Bed Material Transport in Gravel‐Bed Rivers: Key Factors and Significance
Authors: Brenna A. , Surian N. , Mao L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn large gravel‐bed rivers, bed material transport estimation is challenging since theoretically based formulas often fail to accurately predict sediment fluxes, and it is difficult to carry out field measurements. A viable alternative to direct measurement is provided by the virtual velocity approach representing a hybrid solution to calculate the bed material transport based on a theoretical framework and use of tracers. This work aims to improve the methodology and to assess the role of input factors through a case‐study application carried out in the Parma River (Italy). Two tracer types and scour chains were deployed at four sections. Data on water level, transport processes, particle travel distances, and active layers were collected over 17 months and 6 events. The transport that occurred during two events was calculated applying different configurations taking in account for several input factors (i.e., grain size, water stage, and topography). Applying simple or more complex configurations led to significant differences in transport estimates: In relation to channel morphodynamics, different factors (e.g., variability of water level within the cross section in multithread channels) play a key role on transport processes. Results indicate that it is crucial to collect and process field data developing reach‐specific transport rating curves and to combine different type of tracers for monitoring the clast displacement lengths. Based on the methodological improvements and sensitivity analysis addressed in this study, we developed a decision tree in order to design future applications of the virtual velocity approach for estimating the bed material load in different gravel‐bed river contexts.
Impacts of Subsurface Tile Drainage on Age—Concentration Dynamics of Inorganic Nitrogen in Soil
Authors: Woo Dong K. , Kumar Praveen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe explore the impacts of tile drains in agricultural fields on the coupled age and concentration dynamics of nitrate, immobile ammonium, mobile ammonia and ammonium, and nonreactive tracers such as chloride. We implement two mobile interacting pore domains to capture matrix and preferential flow paths in a coupled ecohydrology and biogeochemistry model, Dhara. We apply this model to an agricultural farm that utilizes a corn‐soybean rotation in the Midwestern United States located in the Intensively Managed Landscapes Critical Zone Observatory. In general, we observe both low concentration and age of nitrate in the areas that are classified as topographic depressions even with the presence of tile drains. Also, an increase in the age of mobile ammonia/ammonium is observed after installing tile drains. This is in contrast to the cases for nitrate, immobile ammonium, and nonreactive tracer. These results arise because the depletion of mobile ammonia/ammonium due to tile drainage causes a high mobility flux from immobile ammonium to mobile ammonia/ammonium, which also carries a considerable amount of relatively old age of nitrogen from immobile ammonium to mobile ammonia/ammonium. These results illustrate how storm event scale dynamics impact spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of the efflux, which helps in disentangling the complexity of nitrogen dynamics in the soil. This understanding can contribute to precision agriculture for nitrogen applications to reduce environmental impacts.
IRE1α-XBP1s pathway promotes prostate cancer by activating c-MYC signaling
Authors: Sheng Xia , Nenseth Hatice Zeynep , Qu Su , Kuzu Omer F. , Frahnow Turid , Simon Lukas , Greene Stephanie , Zeng Qingping , Fazli Ladan , Rennie Paul S. , Mills Ian G. , Danielsen Håvard , Theis Fabian , Patterson John B. , Jin Yang , Saatcioglu Fahri 
Published: January 2019

AbstractActivation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been linked to cancer, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood and there is a paucity of reagents to translate this for cancer therapy. Here, we report that an IRE1α RNase-specific inhibitor, MKC8866, strongly inhibits prostate cancer (PCa) tumor growth as monotherapy in multiple preclinical models in mice and shows synergistic antitumor effects with current PCa drugs. Interestingly, global transcriptomic analysis reveal that IRE1α-XBP1s pathway activity is required for c-MYC signaling, one of the most highly activated oncogenic pathways in PCa. XBP1s is necessary for optimal c-MYC mRNA and protein expression, establishing, for the first time, a direct link between UPR and oncogene activation. In addition, an XBP1-specific gene expression signature is strongly associated with PCa prognosis. Our data establish IRE1α-XBP1s signaling as a central pathway in PCa and indicate that its targeting may offer novel treatment strategies.
Crystal structure of the plant symporter STP10 illuminates sugar uptake mechanism in monosaccharide transporter superfamily
Authors: Paulsen Peter Aasted , Custódio Tânia F. , Pedersen Bjørn Panyella 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlants are dependent on controlled sugar uptake for correct organ development and sugar storage, and apoplastic sugar depletion is a defense strategy against microbial infections like rust and mildew. Uptake of glucose and other monosaccharides is mediated by Sugar Transport Proteins, proton-coupled symporters from the Monosaccharide Transporter (MST) superfamily. We present the 2.4 Å structure of Arabidopsis thaliana high affinity sugar transport protein, STP10, with glucose bound. The structure explains high affinity sugar recognition and suggests a proton donor/acceptor pair that links sugar transport to proton translocation. It contains a Lid domain, conserved in all STPs, that locks the mobile transmembrane domains through a disulfide bridge, and creates a protected environment which allows efficient coupling of the proton gradient to drive sugar uptake. The STP10 structure illuminates fundamental principles of sugar transport in the MST superfamily with implications for both plant antimicrobial defense, organ development and sugar storage.
Clear and transparent nanocrystals for infrared-responsive carrier transfer
Authors: Sakamoto Masanori , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Kimura Masato , Yoshinaga Taizo , Vequizo Junie Jhon M. , Matsunaga Hironori , Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Yamakata Akira , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Furube Akihiro , Teranishi Toshiharu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInfrared-light-induced carrier transfer is a key technology for ‘invisible’ optical devices for information communication systems and energy devices. However, clear and colourless photo-induced carrier transfer has not yet been demonstrated in the field of photochemistry, to the best of our knowledge. Here, we resolve this problem by employing short-wavelength-infrared (1400–4000 nm) localized surface plasmon resonance-induced electron injection from indium tin oxide nanocrystals to transparent metal oxides. The time-resolved infrared measurements visualize the dynamics of the carrier in this invisible system. Selective excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances causes hot electron injection with high efficiency (33%) and long-lived charge separation (~ 2–200 μs). We anticipate our study not only provides a breakthrough for plasmonic carrier transfer systems but may also stimulate the invention of state-of-the-art invisible optical devices.
Neuropathological correlates and genetic architecture of microglial activation in elderly human brain
Authors: Felsky Daniel , Roostaei Tina , Nho Kwangsik , Risacher Shannon L. , Bradshaw Elizabeth M. , Petyuk Vlad , Schneider Julie A. , Saykin Andrew , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicroglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, have important roles in brain health. However, little is known about the regulation and consequences of microglial activation in the aging human brain. Here we report that the proportion of morphologically activated microglia (PAM) in postmortem cortical tissue is strongly associated with β-amyloid, tau-related neuropathology, and the rate of cognitive decline. Effect sizes for PAM measures are substantial, comparable to that of APOE ε4, the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, and mediation models support an upstream role for microglial activation in Alzheimer’s disease via accumulation of tau. Further, we identify a common variant (rs2997325) influencing PAM that also affects in vivo microglial activation measured by [11C]-PBR28 PET in an independent cohort. Thus, our analyses begin to uncover pathways regulating resident neuroinflammation and identify overlaps of PAM’s genetic architecture with those of Alzheimer’s disease and several other traits.