bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The outcome predictors and therapeutic strategy of pneumocystis pneumonia in North China: a double-center retrospective study
Authors: Hua Wei , Yang Yang , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Wei , Zeng Jing , Guo Caiping , Zhang Yulin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is common in HIV/AIDS patients with advanced immunosuppression. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is recommended as the first-line anti-pneumocystis agent as soon as PCP is suspected based on its typical feature. However, the clinical characteristic and therapeutic strategy of Chinese PCP were not well-known.
Methods: We retrospectively investigated 473 HIV associated PCPs in North China from double centers, Beijing You An Hospital during 2010 to 2017 and the Infectious Disease Hospital in Harbin during 2015 to 2017. HIV associated PCP were diagnosed as the guideline recommended by CDC, NIH and HIV Medicine Association of IDSA. Demographic and clinic data were collected and statistically analysed as the parameter distribution feature.
Results: Among 473 HIV associated PCPs, we found that men were over-represented in PCP due to the high incidence of HIV infection among male homosexuality, and over one-third of them were aware of their HIV infection ago but did not maintain effective antiretroviral therapy. A history of smoking and multi-organism infection or system infection were common among them. In the multivariate analysis, we found lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR 1.020, 95% CI 1.006-1.033, P=0.005), alveolar-arterial O2 difference ([A-a] DO2) and neutrophils counts (OR 1.051, 95% CI 1.005-1.099, P=0.030) were unfavourable predictors and CD4 cell counts (OR 0.900, 95% CI 0.813-0.996, P=0.041) were favourable predictor of PCP outcome. Trimethoprim/sulfamethozole (TMP/SMZ) but not TMP/SMX was used to anti-pneumocystis therapy in these patients with a low side-effect incidence which mainly forcused on epispasis, fever, liver injury and myelosuppression. Caspofungin was the only alternative medicine for those presented poor efficacy or could not tolerate the side-effects of TMP-SMZ and near 30 percent of moderate/severe PCP received glucocorticoid treatment.
Conclusion: The present data suggest that high levels of serum-LDH, [A-a] DO2 and neutrophils counts and low CD4 cell counts predict poor outcome of PCP. TMP/SMZ can cure most PCPs with a low side-effect incidence and caspofungin is an effective alternation. A larger prospective study is needed to obtain better estimates of PCP in China.
Hybrids of Coumarin Derivatives as Potent and Multifunctional Bioactive Agents: A Review
Authors: Fotopoulos Ioannis , Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra 
Published: April 2019

Background:Coumarins exhibit a plethora of biological activities, e.g. antiinflammatory and anti-tumor. Molecular hybridization technique has been implemented in the design of novel coumarin hybrids with several bioactive groups in order to obtain molecules with better pharmacological activity and improved pharmacokinetic profile.Objective:Therefore, we tried to gather as many as possible biologically active coumarin hybrids referred in the literature till now, to delineate the structural characteristics in relation to the activities and to have a survey that might help the medicinal chemists to design new coumarin hybrids with drug-likeness and varied bioactivities.Results:The biological activities of the hybrids in most of the cases were found to be different from the biological activities presented by the parent coumarins. The results showed that the hybrid molecules are more potent compared to the standard drugs used in the evaluation experiments.Conclusion:Conjugation of coumarin with varied pharmacophore groups/druglike molecules responsible for different biological activities led to many novel hybrid molecules, with a multitarget behavior and improved pharmacokinetic properties.
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Analysis of Thymoquinone and Thymol Compounds from Nigella sativa L. that Inhibits P38 Protein: Probable Remedies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tabassum Heena , Ahmad Iffat Z. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Currently, a novel antagonist against p38 is being designed and applied to
inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma. Protein–ligand interaction plays a major role in the identification
of the possible mechanism for the pharmacological action. The involvement of p38 remains an important
target for anticancer drug development as its activation induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells.

Objective:
The aim is to identify the best candidate from the plants of N. sativa which binds with
the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) targets by computational approach.

Materials and Methods:
The reported phytoconstituents such as thymoquinone and thymol present
in the plant, N. sativa were docked with the HCC target such as p38. Structures of phytoconstituents
were prepared using ChemDraw Ultra 10 software and converted into its 3D PDB structure
and minimized using Discovery Studio client 2.5. The target protein, p38 was retrieved from
RCSB PDB. Lipinski’s rule and ADMET toxicity profiling were carried out on the phytoconstituents
of the N. sativa, and the compounds were further promoted for molecular docking and MD
simulation analysis.

Results:
The docking results revealed promising inhibitory potential of thymoquinone against p38
with binding energy of -7.67 kcal/mole as compared to its known standard doxorubicin having
binding energy of -6.68 kcal/mol respectively. Further, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for
5ns were conducted for optimization, flexibility prediction, and determination of folded p38 stability.
The p38-thymoquinone complex was found to be quite stable with RMSD value of 0.2 nm.

Conclusion:
Obtained results propose thymoquinone binding energy on the selected targets.
Hence, this compound bears outstanding potential against hepatocellular carcinoma and has to be
taken up for experimental work against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hypoglycemia in People with Type 2 Diabetes and CKD
Authors: Ahmad Iram , Zelnick Leila R. , Batacchi Zona , Robinson Nicole , Dighe Ashveena , Manski-Nankervis Jo-Anne E. , Furler John , O’Neal David N. , Little Randie , Trence Dace , Hirsch Irl B. , Bansal Nisha , de Boer Ian H. 
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives
Among people with diabetes mellitus, CKD may promote hypoglycemia through altered clearance of glucose-lowering medications, decreased kidney gluconeogenesis, and blunted counter-regulatory response. We conducted a prospective observational study of hypoglycemia among 105 individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin or a sulfonylurea using continuous glucose monitors.

Design, setting, participants & measurements
We enrolled 81 participants with CKD, defined as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 24 control participants with eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 frequency-matched on age, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, and glucose-lowering medications. Each participant wore a continuous glucose monitor for two 6-day periods. We examined rates of sustained level 1 hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dl) and level 2 hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dl) among participants with CKD. We then tested differences compared with control participants as well as a second control population (n=73) using Poisson and linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and race.

Results
Over 890 total days of continuous glucose monitoring, participants with CKD were observed to have 255 episodes of level 1 hypoglycemia, of which 68 episodes reached level 2 hypoglycemia. Median rate of hypoglycemic episodes was 5.3 (interquartile range, 0.0–11.7) per 30 days and mean time spent in hypoglycemia was 28 (SD 37) minutes per day. Hemoglobin A1c and the glucose management indicator were the main clinical correlates of time in hypoglycemia (adjusted differences 6 [95% confidence interval, 2 to 10] and 13 [95% confidence interval, 7 to 20] fewer minutes per day per 1% higher hemoglobin A1c or glucose management indicator, respectively). Compared with control populations, participants with CKD were not observed to have significant differences in time in hypoglycemia (adjusted differences 4 [95% confidence interval, −12 to 20] and −12 [95% confidence interval, −29 to 5] minutes per day).

Conclusions
Among people with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe CKD, hypoglycemia was common, particularly with tighter glycemic control, but not significantly different from groups with similar clinical characteristics and preserved eGFR.
Brote de infección respiratoria aguda grave, Santo Domingo Norte, República Dominicana, agosto 2016
Authors: Colomé-Hidalgo Manuel , Gil Fernández Manuel , Silfa Claribel 
Published: April 2019

Antecedentes: se realizó la investigación con el objetivo de determinar el alcance de un brote de infección respiratoria aguda grave, ocurrido en el municipio de Santo Domingo Norte en República Dominicana. Los objetivos de la investigación fueron examinar las características epidemiológicas y descriptivas de los casos, generar hipótesis (posible fuente de infección), tomar muestras para diagnóstico por laboratorio e implementar medidas de control.
Métodos: estudio descriptivo de un brote epidémico por infección respiratoria aguda grave. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, signos y síntomas, datos de laboratorio y evolución clínica de los afectados. Se realizó búsqueda activa y se adoptaron medidas de contención.
Resultados: se detectaron 22 casos, teniendo al hacinamiento como principal factor de riesgo. No hubo defunciones. La población más afectada correspondió a menores de un año de edad con un 50%. La afectación fue igual en ambos sexos.
Conclusión: el aislamiento de virus sincitial respiratorio, parainfluenza y adenovirus tipo 3 en muestras respiratorias confirmó la presencia de un brote. Destacamos la necesidad de intensificar la vigilancia y aplicar recomendaciones de vacunación en personas con factores de riesgo, especialmente en la población infantil.
Actitudes y prácticas de los padres acerca del uso de medicina tradicional para el manejo de sibilancia, tos y fiebre en los pacientes atendidos en las consultas de Neumología del Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral, enero-abril 2018, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
Authors: Soliman-Nuñez Carlos , Cordero-Oñate Leandra , Vásquez Lina 
Published: April 2019

La Organización Mundial de la Salud define la medicina tradicional como todo el conjunto de conocimientos, aptitudes y prácticas basados en teorías, creencias y experiencias indígenas de las diferentes culturas, sean o no explicables, usados para el mantenimiento de la salud, así como para la prevención, el diagnóstico, la mejora o el tratamiento de enfermedades físicas o mentales. Este tipo de medicina a pesar de poseer un conjunto de diversos sistemas, prácticas y productos médicos y de atencion de la salud, no se considera actualmente parte de la medicina convencional.
Objetivo: identificar actitudes y prácticas de los padres acerca del uso de medicina tradicional para el manejo de sibilancia, tos y fiebre en los pacientes atendidos en las consultas de neumología del hospital infantil doctor Robert Reid Cabral, enero-abril 2018.
Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo transversal con recolección prospectiva de datos con el fin de conocer actitudes y práctica de los padres acerca del uso de medicina tradicional para el manejo de sibilancia, tos y fiebre en los pacientes atendidos en la consultas de neumología del Hospital Infantil Doctor Robert Reid Cabral, enero-abril 2018.
Resultados: se identificó que la mayor cantidad de padres o tutores entrevistados consideran que la medicina tradicional es efectiva (42%), de los 180 entrevistados;126 optan por la práctica de la medicina tradicional (70%) y 65 refirieron que razón por la cual utilizan la medicina tradicional es por ser más económica (37%), cuando un niño presenta sibilancia; 94 de los 180 entrevistados prefieren acudir al médico (42%), sobre la tos 69 de los 180 entrevistados utilizan en conjunto medicina convencional y tradicional (38%) y en cuanto la fiebre 128 de los 180 entrevistados prefieren ir directamente al médico (71%). Las amas de casa son las que más utilizan la medicina tradicional (29%); en relación a la escolaridad, el mayor porcentaje (38%) solo había cursado la primaria; los padres o tutores procedentes de zona urbana fueron los que refirieron usar con más frecuencia la medicina tradicional (52%), por otro lado, los padres o tutores con un ingreso entre RD$ 5-10mil pesos fueron los que más optaron por el uso de la medicina tradicional, en relación a la edad; los padres o tutores con edades comprendidas entre 41-50 años o más son los que más se inclinan hacia al uso de la medicina tradicional; y los niños con edades comprendidas entre 1-10 años fueron los que más la consumieron. La tos fue el padecimiento en el que más se optó por el uso de la medicina tradicional (48%). Se observó que la medicina tradicional más utilizada para el control o manejo de la sibilancia, la tos y la fiebre; es aquella procedente de origen vegetal.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Acebrophylline
Authors: Sharma Bhavik , Agarwal Sushil Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Chromatography, a separation technique, is mostly used in chemical analysis in which High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an extremely versatile technique where analytes are separated by passage through a column packed with micrometer-sized particles. Theses day reversed-phase chromatography is commonly used separation technique in HPLC. The reasons for this include the simplicity, versatility, and scope of the reversed-phase method as it is able to handle compounds of a diverse polarity and molecular mass. Reversed phase chromatography has found both analytical and preparative applications in the area of biochemical separation and purification. Molecules that possess some degree of hydrophobic character, such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids, can be separated by reversed phase chromatography with excellent recovery and resolution. This review covers the importance of RP-HPLC in analytical method development and their strategies along with brief knowledge of critical chromatographic parameters need to be optimized for an efficient method development.
Key Words- HPLC, RP-HPLC
CHEMICAL HYDROLYSIS, INSILICO PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND IN-VIVO PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABTIC AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE CODRUGS
Authors: Andhale Ganesh Sakharam 
Published: April 2019

In the present research work codrugs of Propranolol and Metoprolol with Metformin were synthesized with an aim of improving the biological activity and to check the effectiveness of release of the parent drugs in presence of spacer. Ester prodrugs of Propranolol and metoprolol were synthesized by using succinic, maleic, pthalic anhydride and substituted derivatives of them. The resulted prodrugs were converted into codrugs (CO1-6) by reacting with Metformin. The compounds were characterized by melting point, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The chemical hydrolysis of CO1-6 was carried out at the pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4. Almost all compounds showed encouraging chemical stability at pH 1.2 and 6.8 whereas showed the moderate hydrolysis at pH 7.4 but codrug CO4 didn’t showed hydrolysis at any pH condition. Further codrugs were screened for antihypertensive and antidiabetic activity by simultaneous induction of two-kidney, one clip renal hypertension and STZ-induced diabetic model in wistar rats. The spacer containing dipropyl maleate codrugs (CO3 and CO6) showed longer duration of action. The current paper also describes about the molecular properties evaluation of the synthesized codrugs.
Primeness in Quantales
Authors: Bergamaschi Flaulles Boone , Santiago Regivan Hugo Nunes , Andrade Alexsandra Oliveira 
Published: April 2019

In this paper we propose a new concept of primeness in quantales. It is proved that this concept coincide with classical definition in commutative quantales, but no longer valid in the noncommutative setting. Also, the notions of strong and uniform strong primeness are investigated.
A Polar Representation for Complex Interval Numbers
Authors: Lyra Arão , Dória Neto Adrião Duarte , Bedregal Benjamın René Callejas , Trindade Roque Mendes Prado 
Published: April 2019

The present work defines the basic elements for the introduction to the Study of Complex variables under the mathematical interval context with the goal of using it as a foundation for the understanding of pure mathematical problems, associating the mathematical interval to support the results. The present article contributes to the complex interval theory taking into consideration Euler’s Identity and redefining the polar representation of interval complex numbers. In engineering, the present article could be used as a subsidy for many applications where complex variable theory is applicable and requires accurate results.
Trust and National Belonging: Welfare for Disabled Veterans in Bohemia (1914–1918)
Authors: Rohringer Thomas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This contribution examines the role of trust in disabled veteran welfare in Bohemia during the First World War. It places this concern for disabled veterans’ trust in a wider political context as trust emerged as a specific concern in Cisleithanian political discourses on administrative reform around 1900. In the context of welfare for disabled veterans in Cisleithania, trust gained novel importance. Medical and occupational experts deemed it imperative to gain disabled veterans’ trust to maintain their role as experts and developed specific strategies of emotionally engaging with disabled soldiers to gain their trust. Karl Eger, a military official, emerged as an influential actor in Bohemian welfare for disabled veterans. He propagated a welfare administration based on local welfare boards, which would supposedly possess disabled veterans’ trust. His idea of trust was, however, based on concepts of national communities and he implemented it to re-organize disabled veteran welfare based on nationality.
Global Stability For Double-Diffusive Convection In A Couple-Stress Fluid Saturating A Porous Medium
Authors: Choudhary Shalu , Sunil  
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We show that the global non-linear stability threshold for convection in a double-diffusive couple-stress fluid saturating a porous medium is exactly the same as the linear instability boundary. The optimal result is important because it shows that linearized instability theory has captured completely the physics of the onset of convection. It is also found that couple-stress fluid saturating a porous medium is thermally more stable than the ordinary viscous fluid, and the effects of couple-stress parameter (F ) , solute gradient ( S f
) and Brinkman number ( D a
) on the onset of convection is also analyzed.
Identifikasi Kesulitan-kesulitan yang Dialami Guru-guru Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan
Authors: Anugraheni Indri 
Published: April 2019

This research is motivated by the fact that many elementary school teachers in the district of Sorong Selatan are still experiencing difficulties in implementing the teaching and learning activities. This study aims to: 1) determine the difficulties experienced by elementary school teachers in South Sorong Regency, 2) to know efforts made by teachers in overcoming the difficulties of learning implementation. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive naturalistic. The Research steps are: 1) collecting source through a questionnaire, and technical documentation; 2) reducing the data with the aim to simplify and categorize the data; 3) presenting data in the form of a description of the memorial; 4) drawing conclusions as a result of interpretation; 5) preparing research reports. This research was conducted on elementary school teachers who take the Distance Learning Program, which amounted to 123 teachers. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to teachers from elementary schools in South Sorong Regency. The results showed that teachers of elementary school (Sekolah Dasar) still have many difficulties in implementing the learning process. The difficulties experienced by teachers inteaching include difficulty in: 1) preparing learning activities, 2) developing lesson plans, 2) developing teaching materials, 3) implementing a variety of learning methods, 4) using of media /sources learning, 5) giving reflections to students, 6) comprehensively evaluating learning, and 7) implementing the learning of mathematics.
Adiksi Smartphone dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhinya pada Penumpang Transjakarta
Authors: Miura Prayogi , Rukmini Elisabeth 
Published: April 2019

Transjakarta passenger is one of the potraits of urban society that use smartphone in DKI Jakarta. Excessive use of smartphones can cause addiction for the users. This study intended to determine the prevalence of smartphone addiction of the Transjakarta passengers and the relationship of smartphone addiction related to risk factors, such as age, gender, educational status, job, and the common use of smartphones. This study used cross sectional multivariate analytical studies with the logistic regression of a total of 143 respondents selected by consecutive sampling at ten stations of Transjakarta. Fifty persons were asked to fill out the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) questionnaire. The majority of the sample were female (65%), aged of 21-25 years (53%), high school graduates (88%), working as employees (81%) and doing frequent communication daring (64%). Prevalence of Transjakarta passengers who were addicted to smartphones were 68%. Risk factors of smartphone additiction, including: gender, age, educational background, job, and the common use of smartphones did not significantly related to the status of smartphone addiction.Results of the logistic regression test showed that there was no significant relationship between smartphone addiction related to risk factors. But the high percentage of respondents who were addicted to smartphone should be taken into consideration for the prevention of smartphone addiction.
Effect of Two Bioformulation Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens with Manure in Controlling Fusarium wilt Disease in Pumpkin
Authors: Al – Waily Dhia S. , Hassan Sabreen M. 
Published: April 2019

This research aimed to isolate and identified the pathogen caused wilt in pumpkin plants and control by two bioformulation Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens.
The results revealed that the caused pathogen of pumpkin wilt plants was Fusarium oxysporum which diagnosis has been confirmed by using PCR Technique.
The results of pathogenesity revealed that 60.17% from Plants grown in contaminated soil infected with F. oxysporum. Also the results showed that use the T. harzianum that has high antagonism with pathogen, the degree of antagonism has reached 2 with F. oxysporum at Bell scale. P. fluorescens showed inhibition ratio against F. oxysporum and T. harzianum. reached 44 and 27% respectively. The results with use antibiosis for T. harzianum , P. fluroescens and manure revealed that the least severity was in the transactions MThPf (manure, fungi and Bacteria), MTh (manure and fungi), ThPf (fungi and bacteria), Th (T. harzianum), Pf (P. fluorescens), MPf (manure and bacteria), where ranged 0 - 5.56% , which did not differ significantly between them compared to M (manure) and control that reached 13.69% and 22.22% respectively. Weight in soil contaminated with pathogen in MThPf and ThPf that reached 376.83 and 379.22gr compard with control in the same soil when reached 66.41 gr .The results of the analysis with used GCMas revealed transactions in presence of Antibiotics and substances Phenol 2,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl), 4-Fluorobenzyl alcohol, Hexadecanoic acid (2) -methyl ester, 1-Pyrrolidine butanoic acid, gamma-Tocophenol and 9-Octanoic acid (2) -2-hydrox.