bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review: Molecular mechanisms of sex differentiation in sturgeons
Authors: Fajkowska Magdalena , Ostaszewska Teresa , Rzepkowska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSex determination is a complex process, especially in fish where multiple models of sex determination can be identified. The fate of differentiating gonads may depend on species genetics, environmental or behavioural factors. In the case of the sturgeon, sex determination is most likely of genetic origin and is characterized by a ZW female heterogametic system. However, molecular mechanisms of sex development and differentiation in sturgeons are poorly understood. Due to the lack of sexual dimorphism and a long period of maturation combined with invaluable caviar obtained from sturgeons, plenty of research revolving around discovering master sex‐determining gene has been done. Yet, despite numerous studies utilizing multiple approaches and techniques to find key genes involved in sex differentiation, no master sex‐determining genes were identified in sturgeons. Nevertheless, the latest research provided a great deal of data regarding the expression of genes commonly related with sex development and differentiation in vertebrates. Several of these genes were found to be connected with the same processes in sturgeons. This review attempts to summarize research into the expression of genes involved in sex differentiation and development in sturgeons.
Partial failure of CPAP treatment for sleep apnoea: Analysis of the French national sleep database
Authors: Bailly Sébastien , Daabek Najeh , Jullian‐Desayes Ingrid , Joyeux‐Faure Marie , Sapène Marc , Grillet Yves , Borel Jean‐Christian , Tamisier Renaud , Pépin Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first‐line therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Residual apnoea and/or hypopnoea events, that is an apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) > 5, during CPAP contribute to treatment drop‐out. The clinical scenarios triggering residual events during CPAP use are poorly described. Underlying co‐morbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases, lifestyle factors, OSA characteristics at diagnosis and type of mask have been suggested as potential contributors.MethodsPatients from the prospective French sleep apnoea registry diagnosed with OSA (AHI ≥ 15 events/h) treated with CPAP were included. Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with a risk of residual AHI > 5 events/h on CPAP.ResultsThe 12 285 OSA patients were predominantly men (n = 8715, 70.9%), middle‐aged (58.2 (49.8; 66.1) years) and obese (median body mass index: 31.3 (27.7; 35.6) kg/m2). Most had an AHI ≤ 5 events/h (n = 9573, 77.9%) versus 22.1% with AHI > 5/h. The latter were less CPAP adherent (5.75 (4.01; 7.00) vs 6.00 (4.53; 7.00) h/night). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with residual AHI >5/h were male sex, age, sedentary lifestyle, OSA severity, cardiovascular co‐morbidities (heart failure and arrhythmia) and type of interface (orofacial mask versus nasal mask: OR = 2.15 (95%CI: 1.95; 2.37)). A subgroup analysis found that patients using pressures above 10 cm H2O were 1.43 (95% CI: 1.3; 1.57) times more likely to have residual AHI > 5/h.ConclusionKnowing about risk factors for residual apnoeic–hypopnoeic events may assist in the timely provision of personalized care including the type of PAP therapy, attention to co‐morbidities and choice of interface.
Editors’ Introduction: Remembering With Others: Conversational Dynamics and Mnemonic Outcomes
Authors: Bietti Lucas M. , Stone Charles B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRemembering the past through conversations with others is a uniquely human endeavor. Conversational remembering consists of specific dynamics and can lead to mnemonic outcomes. While conversational dynamics refer to the interactive processes (e.g., the roles speakers and listeners may undertake during the conversation) shaping collaborative remembering, conversational outcomes are about the mnemonic and functional consequences (e.g., forging social bonds) of those processes. Thus, the aim of the present article is to introduce the reader to key concepts and paradigms that have been rigorously developed to empirically investigate the dynamics and outcomes of conversational remembering in cognitive research. The collected review and empirical articles gathered in this topic provide the state‐of‐the‐art in the field.
p62/SQSTM1 expression in canine mammary tumours: Evolutionary notes
Authors: Mariotti Francesca , Magi Gian Enrico , Gavazza Alessandra , Vincenzetti Silvia , Komissarov Andrey , Shneider Alex , Venanzi Franco Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent studies highlighted the role of autophagy as a cardinal regulatory system for homeostasis and cancer‐related signalling pathways. In this context, the deregulated expression of p62 – Sequestosome1 (p62/SQSTM1) – a protein acting both as an autophagy receptor and signalling hub, has been associated with tumour development and chronic inflammation. Multiple clinical studies test drugs targeting autophagy, and even more research is on the way to clinical trials. However, no comparative investigations have been carried out to identify adequate preclinical models to assess p62‐based medicine. In veterinary oncology the role of p62 in cancer‐related pathways has been largely ignored. We compared p62 sequences in multiple organisms and found that canine p62 significantly diverges from the humans and from other animals sequences. Then, we chart by immunohistochemistry the expression levels of p62 in canine mammary tumours. A total of 66 tumours and 10 non‐neoplastic mammary samples were examined. The expression of p62 was higher in normal tissue and adenomas than carcinomas, with lowest levels of p62 protein detected in high grade carcinomas. In all cases examined the tumour stroma appeared to be p62‐negative. Taken together our results would suggest that in dogs the association between p62 expression and cancer cells overturns that reported in human breast carcinoma, where p62 accumulates in malignant cells as compared to normal epithelium. Thus, at least in canine mammary tumours, p62 should be not considered a tumour‐rejection antigen for an anti‐cancer immunotherapy.
Long‐term prognosis for return to athletic function after interspinous ligament desmotomy for treatment of impinging and overriding dorsal spinous processes in horses: 71 cases (2012–2017)
Authors: Prisk Amanda J. , García‐López José M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the long‐term return to performance of horses with impinging and/or overriding dorsal spinous processes (ORDSP) treated with interspinous ligament desmotomy (ISLD) and to determine the prognostic value of radiographic and scintigraphic grades.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsSeventy‐one horses with ORDSP treated with ISLD.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for signalment, physical examination, gait evaluation, and number of interspinous spaces treated. Preoperative radiographic and scintigraphic images were evaluated with grading scales. Follow‐up was obtained with a telephone questionnaire. Prognostic value of the number of affected interspinous spaces, radiographic grading, and scintigraphic grading was tested by using a χ2test.ResultsA median follow‐up of 35 months (range, 8–64) was available for 56 horses. Fifty‐one of 56 (91.1%) horses returned to some level of performance, with 27 of 51 (52.9%) horses achieving equivalent or higher level of performance. Achieving a lower level of performance was attributed to recurrent back pain in nine of 24 (37.5%) horses and to unassociated lameness in nine of 24 (37.5%) horses. Owners of 44 of 56 (78.6%) horses were satisfied with the postoperative performance level, and owners of 46 of 56 (82.1%) horses would recommend the procedure. None of the variables tested influenced the return to performance.ConclusionInterspinous ligament desmotomy allowed horses with ORDSP to return to some level of performance, although fewer returned to an equivalent or higher level of performance than had previously been reported.Clinical significanceInterspinous ligament desmotomy allows affected horses to return to some level of performance, regardless of the severity of radiographic and scintigraphic findings.
Knowledge of the Adult and Youth 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Authors: Hyde Eric T. , Omura John D. , Watson Kathleen B. , Fulton Janet E. , Carlson Susan A. 
Published: July 2019

Background: To estimate the proportion of adults’ and parents’ knowledge of the adult aerobic and youth physical activity guidelines, respectively, in the United States. Methods: Data were analyzed from a national sample of adults in the 2017 ConsumerStyles survey. Prevalence of knowledge of the adult aerobic guideline (ie, 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity activity) was estimated among all respondents (n = 3910) and of the youth guideline (ie, 60 min/d of physical activity on 7 d/wk) among parents (n = 1288). Odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression models adjusting for demographic characteristics. Results: Overall, 2.5% (95% confidence interval, 2.0–3.1) of adults and 23.0% (95% confidence interval, 20.5–25.7) of parents were knowledgeable of the adult aerobic and youth guidelines, respectively. After adjustment, odds of knowledge of the adult guideline differed significantly by sex and physical activity level, whereas knowledge of the youth guideline differed by parental education level. Conclusions: Despite the release of the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans nearly a decade ago, most US adults and parents lack knowledge of the adult aerobic and youth physical activity guidelines. Effective communication strategies may help raise awareness of current and future editions of national guidelines for physical activity.
Agreement Between GT3X Accelerometer and ActivPAL Inclinometer for Estimating and Detecting Changes in Different Contexts of Sedentary Time Among Adolescents
Authors: Silva Danilo R. , Minderico Cláudia S. , Júdice Pedro B. , Werneck André O. , Ohara David , Cyrino Edilson S. , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: July 2019

Background: This investigation aimed to analyze the agreement between the GT3X accelerometer and the ActivPAL inclinometer for estimating and detecting changes in sedentary behavior of different contexts among adolescents. Methods: Secondary data from an intervention using standing desks in the classroom conducted within 2 sixth-grade classes (intervention [n = 22] and control [n = 27]) were used. The intervention took place over 16 weeks, with activity assessments (ActivPAL and GT3X) being performed 7 days before and in the last week of the intervention. Baseline information from both groups was considered for cross-sectional analysis (209 valid days), while data from 20 participants (intervention group) were used for longitudinal analysis. Results: The authors observed that GT3X overestimated sedentary time at school (16.8%), after school (13.5%), and during weekends (7.3%) compared with ActivPAL (P < .05). Outside the school (after school [r = −.188] and on weekends [r = −.260]), there was a trend to higher overestimation among adolescents with less sedentary behavior. Longitudinally, the GT3X was unable to detect changes resulting from an intervention in school hours (ActivPAL = −34.7 min·9 h−1 vs GT3X = +6.7 min·9 h−1; P < .05). Conclusions: The authors conclude that GT3X (cut-point of <100 counts·min−1) overestimated sedentary time of free-living activities and did not detect changes resulting from a classroom standing desk intervention in adolescents.
Feasibility of a Home-Based Balance Intervention in Middle-Aged Women Using Wii Fit Plus®
Authors: Wherry Sarah J. , Ananian Cheryl Der , Swan Pamela D. 
Published: July 2019

Background: This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based exercise intervention using the Wii Fit Plus®. Methods: A randomized, controlled trial of 24 women (age 53.6 [5.4] y) was used to assess compliance and changes in balance over 12 weeks. Balance was measured via the Berg Balance Scale and Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques-4 Scale at baseline and week 6 and week 12. Participant compliance to the intervention was captured via paper logs and the electronic record collected by the Wii Fit Plus®. Results: Participants in the intervention group were 95% compliant based on electronic records. There were no significant differences between groups for total score on either balance scale. There was a significant group × time interaction in favor of the intervention for maximum velocity y (P < .05), average velocity (P < .05), and was trending for maximum velocity x (P = .05) in the tandem step, eyes closed position. Conclusions: The results suggest that the Wii Fit Plus® is appropriate for home-based interventions in middle-aged women. Modest improvements in balance indicate that this may be an effective means to improve or maintain balance in older women. More research is needed to determine compliance and benefits to reducing fall risk in durations exceeding 12 weeks.
Effect of Breaks in Prolonged Sitting or Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults With Excess Body Fat: A Crossover Trial
Authors: Freire Yuri Alberto , Macêdo Geovani de Araújo Dantas de , Browne Rodrigo Alberto Vieira , Farias-Junior Luiz Fernando , Bezerra Ágnes Denise de Lima , Fayh Ana Paula Trussardi , Farias Júnior José Cazuza de , Boreskie Kevin F. , Duhamel Todd A. , Costa Eduardo Caldas 
Published: July 2019

Background: This study analyzed the effect of walking breaks or low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) on markers of metabolic syndrome relative to a day of prolonged sitting. Methods: Twenty-five adults with excess body fat participated in this crossover trial: (1) 10-hour sitting day (SIT), (2) LV-HIIE followed by a sitting day (EX+SIT), and (3) sitting day with 5-minute walking breaks for every 20 minutes (SIT+WB). Glucose and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and 1 hour after 4 meals and 2 hours after lunch. Triglycerides were measured at baseline, 2, and 3.5 hours after lunch. Generalized mixed models were used to identify differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of BP and incremental AUC (iAUC) of glucose and triglycerides among the sessions. Results: iAUC-glucose was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = −35.3 mg/dL·10 h; 95% confidence interval, −52.5 to −8.2). AUC-diastolic BP was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = −14.1 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, −26.5 to −1.6) and EX+SIT (β = −14.5 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, −26.9 to −2.1). There were no differences in triglycerides and systolic BP levels among the sessions. Conclusion: Adults with excess body fat present lower glucose and diastolic BP during a day with breaks in sitting time compared with a prolonged sitting day with or without an LV-HIIE session.
Longitudinal evaluation of a countywide alternative to the Quality and Outcomes Framework in UK General Practice aimed at improving Person Centred Coordinated Care
Authors: Close James , Fosh Ben , Wheat Hannah , Horrell Jane , Lee William , Byng Richard , Bainbridge Michael , Blackwell Richard , Witts Louise , Hall Louise , Lloyd Helen 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate a county-wide deincentivisation of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) payment scheme for UK General Practice (GP).SettingIn 2014, National Health Service England signalled a move towards devolution of QOF to Clinical Commissioning Groups. Fifty-five GPs in Somerset established the Somerset Practice Quality Scheme (SPQS)—a deincentivisation of QOF—with the goal of redirecting resources towards Person Centred Coordinated Care (P3C), especially for those with long-term conditions (LTCs). We evaluated the impact on processes and outcomes of care from April 2016 to March 2017.Participants and designThe evaluation used data from 55 SPQS practices and 17 regional control practices for three survey instruments. We collected patient experiences (‘P3C-EQ’; 2363 returns from patients with 1+LTC; 36% response rate), staff experiences (‘P3C-practitioner’; 127 professionals) and organisational data (‘P3C-OCT’; 36 of 55 practices at two time points, 65% response rate; 17 control practices). Hospital Episode Statistics emergency admission data were analysed for 2014–2017 for ambulatory-sensitive conditions across Somerset using interrupted time series.ResultsPatient and practitioner experiences were similar in SPQS versus control practices. However, discretion from QOF incentives resulted in time savings in the majority of practices, and SPQS practice data showed a significant increase in P3C oriented organisational processes, with a moderate effect size (Wilcoxon signed rank test; p=0.01; r=0.42). Analysis of transformation plans and organisational data suggested stronger federation-level agreements and informal networks, increased multidisciplinary working, reallocation of resources for other healthcare professionals and changes to the structure and timings of GP appointments. No disbenefits were detected in admission data.ConclusionThe SPQS scheme leveraged time savings and reduced administrative burden via discretionary removal of QOF incentives, enabling practices to engage actively in a number of schemes aimed at improving care for people with LTCs. We found no differences in the experiences of patients or healthcare professionals between SPQS and control practices.
Comparing regional neonatal mortality rates: the influence of registration of births as live born for birth weight <500 g in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Liang-Yi , Chang Yu-Shan , Liang Fu-Wen , Lin Yung-Chieh , Lin Yuh-Jyh , Lu Tsung-Hsueh , Lin Chyi-Her 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate regional variation in the registration of births (still+live) as live born for birth weight <500 g and the impact on the city/county ranking of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in Taiwan.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional ecological study.Setting20 cities/counties in Taiwan.ParticipantsRegistered births for birth weight <500 g and neonatal deaths in 2015–2016.Main outcome measuresCity/county percentage of births <500 g registered as live born and ranking of city/county NMR (deaths per 1000 live births) including and excluding live births <500 g.ResultsThe percentage of births <500 g registered as live born ranged from 0% in Keelung City (0/26) and Penghu County (0/4) to 20% in Taipei City (112/558), 24% in Hsinchu County (5/21) and 28% in Hualien County (9/32). The change in city/county ranking of NMR from including to excluding live births <500 g was most prominent in Taipei City (from the 15th to the 1st) followed by Kaohsiung City (from the 18th to the 14th).ConclusionsThe city/county NMR in Taiwan is influenced by variation in the registration of live born for births with uncertain viability. We recommend presenting city/county NMR using both criteria (with or without minimum threshold of gestation period or birth weight) for better interpretation of the findings of comparisons of city/county NMR.
Occupational hazard in an immunosuppressed patient
Authors: Finkel Jemima , Smith Philip J , Potts Jonathan , Yu Dominic , Hearn Pasco , Trembling Paul M , Cropley Ian , Jalan Rajiv , Marshall Aileen 
Published: July 2019

A 60-year-old male liver transplant recipient presented to his local hospital with left-sided partial seizures following a few days of generalised headache. He had undergone transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis 4 years earlier and maintained on tacrolimus monotherapy immunosuppression. He had no other comorbidities of note and worked as an arable farmer. At last follow-up, he had been well with preserved graft function and afternoon trough tacrolimus levels of 2–4 ng/mL. Over the preceding 4 weeks, he had been investigated locally for weight loss and a productive cough, where CT of the chest showed calcified mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy samples were negative for acid-fast bacilli and he had been empirically treated for assumed community acquired pneumonia. Initial seizure management was with intravenous diazepam and phenytoin. On transfer to our centre, he was noted to be dysarthric with persisting 4/5 left upper limb weakness and nystagmus to all extremes of gaze. Blood tests were significant for mild anaemia (haemoglobin 90 g/L) and elevated C reactive protein (134 mg/L). The peripheral white cell count was 6.6×109/L. Biochemical liver graft function was normal and the 8am trough tacrolimus level was low at 2 ng/mL.CT head revealed bilateral ring enhancing cerebral lesions with surrounding vasogenic oedema but no mass effect. On MRI these exhibited restricted diffusion and marked perilesional oedema, suggestive of infection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was as follows: white cell count <1/mm3, protein 0.57 g/L (normal range <45 g/L) and glucose 3 mmol/L (paired plasma glucose 4.8 mmol/L). Testing for virological causes via PCR, toxoplasma serology and blood and CSF cultures, including for tuberculosis, were all negative. Whole body positron emission tomography-CT demonstrated uptake in numerous peritoneal and intramuscular lesions as well as right-sided cervical lymphadenopathy, which was sampled with fine needle aspiration. Microscopy revealed a filamentous, beading and branching Gram-positive bacillus that was partially acid-fast, subsequently speciated asNocardia farcinica.
Acute versus chronic myocardial injury and long-term outcomes
Authors: Kadesjö Erik , Roos Andreas , Siddiqui Anwar , Desta Liyew , Lundbäck Magnus , Holzmann Martin J 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThere is a paucity of data regarding prognosis in patients with acute versus chronic myocardial injury for long-term outcomes. We hypothesised that patients with chronic myocardial injury have a similar long-term prognosis as patients with acute myocardial injury.MethodsIn an observational cohort study of 22 589 patients who had high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) measured in the emergency department during 2011–2014, we identified all patients with level >14 ng/L and categorised them as acute myocardial injury, type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI), type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) or chronic myocardial injury through adjudication. We estimated adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for the primary outcome all-cause mortality and secondary outcomes MI, and heart failure in patients with acute myocardial injury, T1MI and T2MI compared with chronic myocardial injury.ResultsIn total, 3853 patients were included. During 3.9 (±2) years of follow-up, 48%, 24%, 44% and 49% of patients with acute myocardial injury, T1MI, T2MI and chronic myocardial injury died, respectively. Patients with acute myocardial injury had higher adjusted risks of death (1.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.36) and heart failure (1.24, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.43), but a similar risk for myocardial infarction (MI) compared with the reference group. Patients with T1MI had a lower adjusted risk of death (0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.00) and higher risk of MI (2.09, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.68), but a similar risk of heart failure. Patients with T2MI had a higher adjusted risk of death (1.46, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.80) and heart failure (1.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.69) compared with patients with chronic myocardial injury.ConclusionsAbsolute long-term risks for death are similar, and adjusted risks are slightly higher, among patients with acute myocardial injury and T2MI, respectively, compared with chronic myocardial injury. The lowest risk of long-term mortality was found in patients with T1MI. Both acute and chronic myocardial injury are associated with very high risks of adverse outcomes.