bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gardens in Northern Iberia in the Early Middle Ages
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book is about gardens in northern Spain and northern Portugal in the early middle ages, that part of the Iberian peninsula that lay beyond Muslim al-Andalus. Dealing with a vast area, of great geographical diversity and wide variation in climate, it spans the sixth to tenth centuries. Using archaeological, archaeobotanical, and written evidence, it shows that gardens might lie beside houses or scattered among arable fields or grouped together in garden zones. Gardens are difficult to recognize archaeologically but excavation suggests that many were terraces, as it also suggests that indicators of intensive use—through fertilization or irrigation or characteristic weed species—may be more useful for identifying garden activity than looking for a distinctive shape. The strongest indications of garden produce are that fruit was always important and so were legumes; and some gardens, especially those owned by monasteries, may have grown herbs. The most striking trend across the tenth century is that peasants sold gardens to monasteries, although there are regional differences, Catalonia having a more diverse land market. Peasants sold in order to get food and monasteries bought partly to provide garden produce, including herbs, for expanding communities but partly to use and increase garden space for textile use—growing flax, hemp, and dye plants—for commercial reasons, especially urban supply. Gardens were vital for the supply of clothes.
The archaeology of gardens
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys the range and character of early medieval excavations in northern Iberia. Although there has been little excavation of identifiable garden plots, other kinds of physical indication of garden practice can be revealed by excavation. These include dark earth zones in former Roman towns like León and Barcelona, suggesting periods of early medieval cultivation; construction of terraces in the early middle ages; traces of irrigation systems; stable isotope and other indications of fertilization with vegetable matter and domestic waste; and ‘manuring’ scatters of pottery around settlements. ‘Functional weed ecology’ can also suggest areas of very intensive, i.e. garden, cultivation.
Proprietors
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is a considerable body of written reference to garden transactions and to those who transacted in gardens. Many monasteries and churches owned gardens but lay persons did too; about a third of lay transactors were peasants. There are significant regional variations in the status and gender of transactors and in the nature of transactions, with more sale than gift in Catalonia and on the meseta and more gift than sale in Castile. There was also noticeable change over time and the principal beneficiaries of garden transactions in the tenth century were monasteries, partly because of gifts but especially because of their purchases. Overall, peasants alienated rather than acquired gardens, and monasteries bought from them. Peasant sale of gardens, and monastic acquisition, was disproportionate within the overall context of property transactions. Gardens were a distinctive, tradable, resource.
Production, supply, and distribution
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores why monasteries were so interested in acquiring gardens in the tenth century. Likely reasons were to increase the regular supply of garden fruit, legumes, and medicinal herbs for expanding monastic communities. Regular supply of textile fibres for those communities is likely too. Some rural monasteries bought gardens in towns and they had shops there; a network of roads was available and there was plentiful provision of draught animals, the necessary elements of a distribution system. It looks as if some textiles—and plant dyes—were provided for urban communities. Garden plots may well have been acquired in order to focus on textile and dye plants for cloth production for distribution; monastic enterprise took a new direction, with a corresponding shift in garden product.
Practical advice in the development of a lyophilized protein drug product
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Duong Huu Thuy Trang , Hu Qingyan , Shameem Mohammed , Tang Xiaolin (Charlie) 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of lyophilized protein drug products is a critical and complex task in the pharmaceutical industry, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the myriad of factors affecting product quality, stability, and the efficiency and robustness of the lyophilization process. This review offers practical advice on the critical aspects of lyophilized protein drug product development. Practical considerations across both the early and late stages of development are discussed, underscoring the necessity of a strategic approach from initial development through to commercialization. The review then delves into formulation optimization strategies that are essential for enhancing protein stability and the efficiency of the lyophilization process. This section outlines stable formulation design and highlights the unique considerations required for high protein concentration lyophilized drug products. It further explores the formulation strategies to enhance the lyophilization process’ efficiency. Moreover, the paper examines the critical elements in selecting primary containers and closures for lyophilized drug products, focusing on vials and dual chamber systems. The analysis encompasses the effects of the container/closure’s material, size, geometry, and fill volume on product quality and process efficiency. Lastly, the review provides practical considerations in lyophilization cycle development, including the design and optimization of the freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying stages to achieve a robust, scalable, and efficient lyophilization process. By offering comprehensive insights into these key areas to enhance their understanding and implementation of best practices in the field, this paper serves as a useful resource for researchers, formulators, and process engineers involved in the development of lyophilized protein drug products.
Male mating tactics are associated with distinct female cognitive-behavioral profiles in 4 poeciliids
Authors: Inman Callen M , Vuong Alan , Schlupp Ingo B , Cummings Molly E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Male mating tactics, the morphological and behavioral traits that males employ to access potential mates, alter female space use, time budget, and ecology in ways that may have downstream consequences for female behavior and cognition. Courtship tactics, in which males display and females exercise preferences, are common in some taxa. In others, coercive tactics, in which males force matings with limited female choice, predominate. Because behavior and cognition often transcend a single context, we ask whether variation in male mating tactics predictably shapes female behavior and cognition outside of mating. Controlling for predation by using populations housed in ecologically identical mesocosms for multiple generations, we compared female behavioral and cognitive traits of 4 different species across the teleost fish family Poeciliidae. We compared all-coercive Gambusia vittata and Heterandria formosa to Limia perugiae and Xiphophorus nigrensis, species with both coercion and courtship. We assessed females on sociability, activity, boldness, stress movement, cognitive flexibility, and spatial learning. Mating system predicted variation in movement patterns, cognitive flexibility, and spatial learning. Mixed-tactic species showed higher activity, stress movement, and cognitive flexibility than coercion-only taxa. In spatial learning, the all-coercive G. vittata had the highest accuracy and was the only species to show evidence for learning across trials. Multivariate approaches identified movement traits as the largest factors differing between mating systems in cognitive-behavioral syndromes. This work provides the first suggestion that species-level variation in poeciliid male mating tactics is a potential factor contributing to differences in female behavior, cognition, and cognitive-behavioral syndromes.
Increased Severity of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections in People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Stefanovic Aleksandra , Alam Mosaab E , Matic Nancy , Larnder Ashley , Ritchie Gordon , Gowland Leah , Chorlton Samuel D , Lloyd-Smith Elisa , Payne Michael , Dawar Meena , Vijh Rohit , Leung Victor , Hull Mark , Baker Kate S , Lowe Christopher F , Romney Marc G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Shigella sonnei has caused sexually transmitted enteric infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vancouver. We recently observed a high rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. sonnei bacteremia among persons experiencing homelessness (PEH). We aimed to describe the wider epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and genomics of S. sonnei infections over time.

Methods
A retrospective review of 163 patients with S. sonnei infections was undertaken from 2015 to 2022. We collected demographic, clinical, and microbiological data over 2 time periods: historical (2015–2020) and recent (2021–2022). Severe shigellosis definition included hospitalization, bacteremia, or death. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify genotype, infer relatedness, and predict antimicrobial resistance.

Results
S. sonnei infections increased from 8.3 (historical period) to 56.5 (recent period) cases/year. Over time, the primary population characteristics associated with shigellosis shifted from MSM (45; 98%) to PEH (86; 77%). The population intersection between MSM and PEH historically and recently was similar and occurred in 3 (6%) and 10 (9%) of patients, respectively. Severe shigellosis was significantly higher in the recent versus historical period (69 [61%] vs 7 [14%]; P &lt; .001). A dominant clone of MDR S. sonnei, 3.6.1.1.2 (CipR.MSM5), emerged with resistance to all first- and second-line agents, yet with susceptibility to ceftriaxone.

Conclusions
We observed a substantial increase in severe shigellosis and shift from sexually transmitted S. sonnei infections in MSM to likely environmental transmission among PEH. More severe disease associated with the 3.6.1.1.2 clone of MDR S. sonnei in PEH could be a result of underlying vulnerabilities of the affected population.
Functional redundancy buffers the effect of poly-extreme environmental conditions on southern African dryland soil microbial communities
Authors: Sauma-Sánchez Tomás , Alcorta Jaime , Tamayo-Leiva Javier , Díez Beatriz , Bezuidenhout Hugo , Cowan Don A , Ramond Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Drylands’ poly-extreme conditions limit edaphic microbial diversity and functionality. Furthermore, climate change exacerbates soil desiccation and salinity in most drylands. To better understand the potential effects of these changes on dryland microbial communities, we evaluated their taxonomic and functional diversities in two Southern African dryland soils with contrasting aridity and salinity. Fungal community structure was significantly influenced by aridity and salinity, while Bacteria and Archaea only by salinity. Deterministic homogeneous selection was significantly more important for bacterial and archaeal communities’ assembly in hyperarid and saline soils when compared to those from arid soils. This suggests that niche partitioning drives bacterial and archaeal communities' assembly under the most extreme conditions. Conversely, stochastic dispersal limitations drove the assembly of fungal communities. Hyperarid and saline soil communities exhibited similar potential functional capacities, demonstrating a disconnect between microbial structure and function. Structure variations could be functionally compensated by different taxa with similar functions, as implied by the high levels of functional redundancy. Consequently, while environmental selective pressures shape the dryland microbial community assembly and structures, they do not influence their potential functionality. This suggests that they are functionally stable and that they could be functional even under harsher conditions, such as those expected with climate change.
Stress path dependence of time-lapse seismic effects in shales: experimental comparison at seismic and ultrasonic frequencies
Authors: Lozovyi S , Duda M , Bauer A , Holt R M 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
Changes in pore pressure within geological reservoirs, due to, for example hydrocarbon production, CO2 and energy storage or wastewater disposal, may cause substantial stress changes in the overburden, altering propagation velocities of elastic waves. The corresponding time-shifts are detected and quantified using time-lapse (4-D) seismic analysis. To invert seismic time-shifts for changes in stress and strains, stress sensitivity of rocks is studied in laboratory experiments on core plugs. Such measurements are typically conducted at ultrasonic frequencies. However, previous studies indicate that the stress sensitivity of velocities at seismic frequencies could be higher than that at ultrasonic frequencies. Therefore, calibration based on laboratory ultrasonic data may lead to inaccurate prediction of stresses and strains when applied to 4-D seismic data. To study the influence of frequency on stress sensitivity of acoustic wave velocities, a series of laboratory experiments was performed on two overburden shales with different petrophysical properties. In a low-frequency apparatus—a triaxial pressure cell that combines measurements at low (seismic) and high (ultrasonic) frequencies—the shale samples underwent stress changes with different ratios of horizontal to vertical stress amplitudes to mimic stress variations across the overburden. High-frequency velocity changes were directly recorded, while low-frequency velocity changes were obtained indirectly from the elastic parameters measured at seismic frequency by applying a rock physics inversion using third-order elasticity model. The experiments were conducted at undrained conditions, a representative state for reservoir overburden composed of shales. The results suggest that the stress sensitivities and strain sensitivities (R-factor) of P-wave velocities could be two to four times greater at seismic frequencies than at ultrasonic frequencies. Furthermore, it was found that the previously reported linear relation between the stress sensitivity and stress-path parameter (horizontal/vertical stress change) at ultrasonic frequencies also holds for seismic frequencies. We discuss the theoretical background for frequency-dependent stress sensitivity of wave velocities that supports the experimental findings. The effect of frequency when using laboratory-based calibrations should be taken into account when inverting time-lapse seismic data for changes in stresses and strains.
Can health impact assessment help tackle commercial determinants of health and support a wellbeing economy?
Authors: Douglas Margaret J , Foster Catherine , McDermott Rosalind , Bunse Lukas , Clemens Timo , Walker Jodie , Green Liz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Commercial activity has positive and negative effects on health. Adverse commercial impacts on health are underpinned by corporate power and economic models and policy that prioritize economic growth, rather than a wellbeing economy that prioritizes health, equity and sustainability. Health in all policies (HiAP) aims to ensure that all policies promote health and health equity, using processes including health impact assessment (HIA). We aimed to explore the potential for HiAP and HIA to help address commercial determinants of health and promote a wellbeing economy. We completed a scoping review to identify how HiAP approaches, including HIA, could address commercial determinants, including challenges and implications for practice. This found synergy between the concepts of wellbeing economy and HiAP. However, corporate interests have sometimes co-opted HiAP to influence policy. We found some examples of HIAs of transnational corporations and international trade and investment agreements. We reviewed HIA frameworks for guidance to practitioners on managing corporate influence. This identified little guidance on identifying and managing corporate and other conflicts of interest or managing power differentials between stakeholders. We also mapped wellbeing economy outcomes against health determinants considered in selected HIA frameworks. This found that HIA frameworks with a comprehensive checklist of health determinants prompt consideration of most wellbeing economy outcomes. HIA could support the transition to a wellbeing economy if applied routinely to economic policies, but ideational change is also needed. HIA frameworks should provide guidance on corporate conflicts of interest and power differentials.
Resisting industry narratives: guidance to avoid tobacco and nicotine industry framing
Authors: Maddox Raglan , Diaz Abbey , Waa Andrew , Teddy Lani , Telford Rohan , Pope Sam , Heris Christina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The tobacco and nicotine industry has a long history of endangering the health and wellbeing of individuals, populations and society, including Indigenous peoples, via dubious practices and tactics that continue today. These tactics include generating opposition, fracturing consensus, dehumanizing groups and minimizing the perception of harms from tobacco use. This article offers guidance for people working in health promotion and tobacco control to align with the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which includes Articles on research, monitoring and information exchange regarding the tobacco and nicotine industry. Recommendations are given to resist the tobacco and nicotine industry’s narrative in health promotion, research, evaluation and publications. Holding the industry to account provides a further step forward to eliminating tobacco disease and death.
Multi-target therapeutic modulation with natural compounds towards DNA repair MRN-checkpoint sensor genes (MRN-CSGs) and oncogenic miRNAs in breast cancer patients: a Clinico-Informatic study
Authors: Singh Jitender , Khanduja Krishan L , Avti Pramod K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer, more prevalent in women, often arises due to abnormalities in the MRN-checkpoint sensor genes (MRN-CSG), responsible for DNA damage detection and repair. Abnormality in this complex is due to the suppression of various effectors such as siRNAs, miRNAs, and transcriptional factors responsible for breast tumor progression. This study analyzed breast tumor samples (n = 60) and identified four common miRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-34a-5p) out of 12, exploring their interactions with MRN-CSG. The 3D structures of these miRNA-MRN-CSG complexes displayed strong thermodynamic stability. Screening 7711 natural compounds resulted in two natural compounds (F0870–0001 and F0922–0471) with the lowest ligand binding energies (ΔG = −8.4 to−11.6 kcal/mol), targeting two common miRNAs. Docking results showed that one natural compound (PubChem id-5 281 614) bound to all MRN-CSG components (ΔG = −6.2 to −7.3 kcal/mol), while F6782–0723 bound only to RAD50 and NBN. These compounds exhibited minimal dissociation constants (Kd and Ki) and thermodynamically stable minimum free energy (MMGBSA) values. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated highly stable natural compound-MRN-CSG complexes, with consistent RMSD, RMSF, and strong residual correlation. These top-selected compounds displayed robust intermolecular H-bonding, low carcinogenicity, low toxicity, and drug-like properties. Consequently, these compounds hold promise for regulating miRNA and MRN-CSG DNA repair mechanisms in breast cancer therapy.
Insight Box: This study investigated breast tumor samples (n = 60) and identified four miRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-34a-5p) that interact with MRN-checkpoint sensor genes (MRN-CSG), crucial for DNA damage repair. Screening 7711 natural compounds highlighted two compounds (F0870–0001 and F0922–0471) with the lowest binding energies (ΔG = −8.4 to −11.6 kcal/mol), targeting two common miRNAs (miR-1-3p and miR-34a-5p). Another natural compound (PubChem id-5 281 614, ΔG = −6.2 to −7.3 kcal/mol) bound all MRN-CSG components, while F6782–0723 targeted RAD50 and NBN. These compounds showed strong binding stability, favorable MMGBSA values, and minimal dissociation constants. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability and drug-like properties of these compounds, indicating their potential in breast cancer therapy by modulating miRNA and MRN-CSG DNA repair mechanisms.
Epidemiology and pathogen characteristics of infections following solid organ transplantation
Authors: Meng Fanjie , Zhu Chi , Zhu Chan , Sun Jiaxuan , Chen Dongsheng , Ding Ran , Cui Liyuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients have a heightened risk for infection due to prolonged immunosuppressive drug use following transplant procedures. The occurrence of post-transplant infections is influenced not only by the transplanted organ type but also by varied factors. The kidney is the most common organ in SOT, followed by the liver, heart, and lung. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current epidemiological characteristics of infections after kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantation, focusing on bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. The incidence and infection types demonstrated significant variability across different SOTs. Furthermore, this review attempts to elucidate the clinical characteristics of infections across patients following different SOTs and contribute to the development of individualized prevention strategies according to infection incidence, ultimately enhancing the quality of life of transplant recipients.
Integrated neural network and PSO hybrid approach for production of citrulline using immobilized permeabilized Pseudomonas furukawaii
Authors: Kawatra Anubhuti , Dhankhar Rakhi , Datten Bharti , Dhankhar Shweta , Chhabra Deepak , Gulati Pooja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the present study, nutraceutical citrulline was produced using immobilization of permeabilized whole cells of Pseudomonas furukawaii, an efficient producer of ADI. Since arginine deiminase (ADI) is intracellularly localized, various additives such as SDS (Sodium dodecyl sulfate), Triton X-100, and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid) were used to permeabilize the cell to improve substrate accessibility and ADI activity. The maximum ADI activity was observed with 0.25 mg ml−1 biomass concentration treated with 0.5 mmol l−1 EDTA for 15 min using OFAT (One factor at a time) approach. Optimization of permeabilization conditions of P. furukawaii cells using novel neural networks and particle swarm optimization led to maximum ADI activity with 0.10 mmol l−1 EDTA and 0.30 mg ml−1 biomass. Further, the morphological characterization of immobilized cells was assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). An optimal citrulline production of 1.19 mmol l−1 was achieved at 2.5% sodium alginate with 20 mmol l−1 arginine at 38°C, and 180 min of incubation. The immobilized cells retained 90.3% productivity after seven reuse cycles. Thus, the formulated immobilized whole-cell biocatalyst, with higher stability offers cost-effective methods of citrulline production.