bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of a cryptic speciation continuum in Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates)
Authors: Dufresnes Christophe , Strachinis Ilias , Suriadna Nataliia , Mykytynets Galyna , Cogălniceanu Dan , Székely Paul , Vukov Tanja , Arntzen Jan W. , Wielstra Ben , Lymberakis Petros , Geffen Eli , Gafny Sarig , Kumlutaş Yusuf , Ilgaz Çetin , Candan Kamil , Mizsei Edvárd , Szabolcs Márton , Kolenda Krzysztof , Smirnov Nazar , Géniez Philippe , Lukanov Simeon , Crochet Pierre‐André , Dubey Sylvain , Perrin Nicolas , Litvinchuk Spartak N. , Denoël Mathieu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCryptic phylogeographic diversifications provide unique models to examine the role of phylogenetic divergence on the evolution of reproductive isolation, without extrinsic factors such as ecological and behavioural differentiation. Yet, to date very few comparative studies have been attempted within such radiations. Here, we characterize a new speciation continuum in a group of widespread Eurasian amphibians, thePelobatesspadefoot toads, by conducting multilocus (restriction site associated DNA sequencing and mitochondrial DNA) phylogenetic, phylogeographic and hybrid zone analyses. Within theP. syriacuscomplex, we discovered species‐level cryptic divergences (>5 million years ago [My]) between populations distributed in the Near‐East (hereafterP. syriacussensustricto[s.s.]) and southeastern Europe (hereafterP. balcanicus), each featuring deep intraspecific lineages. Altogether, we could scale hybridizability to divergence time along six different stages, spanning from sympatry without gene flow (P. fuscusandP. balcanicus, >10 My), parapatry with highly restricted hybridization (P. balcanicusandP. syriacus s.s., >5 My), narrow hybrid zones (~15 km) consistent with partial reproductive isolation (P. fuscusandP. vespertinus, ~3 My), to extensive admixture between Pleistocene and refugial lineages (≤2 My). This full spectrum empirically supports a gradual build up of reproductive barriers through time, reversible up until a threshold that we estimate at ~3 My. Hence, cryptic phylogeographic lineages may fade away or become reproductively isolated species simply depending on the time they persist in allopatry, and without definite ecomorphological divergence.
The dormancy‐specific regulator, SutA, is intrinsically disordered and modulates transcription initiation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Bergkessel Megan , Babin Brett M. , VanderVelde David , Sweredoski Michael J. , Moradian Annie , Eggleston‐Rangel Roxana , Hess Sonja , Tirrell David A. , Artsimovitch Irina , Newman Dianne K. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThough most bacteria in nature are nutritionally limited and grow slowly, our understanding of core processes like transcription comes largely from studies in model organisms doubling rapidly. We previously identified a small protein of unknown function, SutA, in a screen of proteins synthesized in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during dormancy. SutA binds RNA polymerase (RNAP), causing widespread changes in gene expression, including upregulation of the ribosomal RNA genes. Here, using biochemical and structural methods, we examine how SutA interacts with RNAP and the functional consequences of these interactions. We show that SutA comprises a central α‐helix with unstructured N‐ and C‐terminal tails, and binds to the β1 domain of RNAP. It activates transcription from the rrn promoter by both the housekeeping sigma factor holoenzyme (Eσ70) and the stress sigma factor holoenzyme (EσS) in vitro, but has a greater impact on EσS. In both cases, SutA appears to affect intermediates in the open complex formation and its N‐terminal tail is required for activation. The small magnitudes of in vitro effects are consistent with a role in maintaining activity required for homeostasis during dormancy. Our results add SutA to a growing list of transcription regulators that use their intrinsically disordered regions to remodel transcription complexes.
Genetic basis and timing of a major mating system shift inCapsella
Authors: Bachmann Jörg A. , Tedder Andrew , Laenen Benjamin , Fracassetti Marco , Désamoré Aurélie , Lafon‐Placette Clément , Steige Kim A. , Callot Caroline , Marande William , Neuffer Barbara , Bergès Hélène , Köhler Claudia , Castric Vincent , Slotte Tanja 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA crucial step in the transition from outcrossing to self‐fertilization is the loss of genetic self‐incompatibility (SI). In the Brassicaceae,SIinvolves the interaction of female and male specificity components, encoded by the genesSRKandSCRat the self‐incompatibility locus (S‐locus). Theory predicts thatS‐linked mutations, and especially dominant mutations inSCR, are likely to contribute to loss ofSI. However, few studies have investigated the contribution of dominant mutations to loss ofSIin wild plant species.Here, we investigate the genetic basis of loss ofSIin the self‐fertilizing crucifer speciesCapsella orientalis, by combining genetic mapping, long‐read sequencing of completeS‐haplotypes, gene expression analyses and controlled crosses.We show that loss ofSIinC. orientalisoccurred < 2.6 Mya and maps as a dominant trait to theS‐locus. We identify a fixed frameshift deletion in the male specificity geneSCRand confirm loss of maleSIspecificity. We further identify anS‐linked smallRNAthat is predicted to cause dominance of self‐compatibility.Our results agree with predictions on the contribution of dominantS‐linked mutations to loss ofSI, and thus provide new insights into the molecular basis of mating system transitions.
Trichome regulator SlMIXTA‐like directly manipulates primary metabolism in tomato fruit
Authors: Ying Shiyu , Su Min , Wu Yu , Zhou Lu , Fu Rao , Li Yan , Guo Hao , Luo Jie , Wang Shouchuang , Zhang Yang 
Published: June 2019

SummaryTrichomes are storage compartments for specialized metabolites in many plant species. In trichome, plant primary metabolism is significantly changed, providing substrates for downstream secondary metabolism. However, little is known of how plants coordinate trichome formation and primary metabolism regulation. In this report, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) trichome regulator SlMIXTA‐like is indicated as a metabolic regulation gene by mGWAS analysis. Overexpression of SlMIXTA‐like in tomato fruit enhances trichome formation. In addition, SlMIXTA‐like can directly bind to the promoter region of gene encoding 3‐deoxy‐7‐phosphoheptulonate synthase (SlDAHPS) to activate its expression. Induction of SlDAHPS expression enhances shikimate pathway activities and provides substrates for downstream secondary metabolism. Our data provide direct evidence that trichome regulator can directly manipulate primary metabolism, in which way plants can coordinate metabolic regulation and the formation of storage compartments for specialized metabolites. The newly identified SlMIXTA‐like can be used for future metabolic engineering.
Forest restoration on floodplains mantled with legacy sediments: removing sediments appears unnecessary for successful restoration
Authors: Sweeney Bernard W. , Dunbar Amanda , Dow Charles L. , Daniels Melinda D. 
Published: June 2019

Recent studies suggest very low survival of seedlings planted in streamside areas containing thick (>1 m) deposits of legacy alluvial sediments. We planted 2,450 seedlings representing eight species in a streamside area with thick legacy sediments and monitored them for 5 years. The overall survival of approximately 60% (range across species: approximately 38–74%) was surprisingly high and mean overall growth per seedling (approximately 3.27 m) was very good, ranging between 2.5 and 4.7 m depending on tree species. Although both seedling survival and growth exhibited significant spatial variation, none of the results supports the idea that legacy sediment thickness up to 1.5 m is an important factor with regard to success of streamside reforestation. For survival, soil depth was significant for the sediment accretion zone but not the legacy sediment zone. For growth, the response was significant and positive, with the eight species on average growing significantly better as legacy sediment increased in thickness. The results suggest that the presence of legacy sediment up to 1.5 m thick should not preclude the successful restoration of natural forest along stream channels in the eastern Piedmont of North America. Finally, the study suggests that the U.S. federal criteria for reforestation success (i.e. 222 stems per hectare after 5 years) can still be met on legacy sediment sites by increasing the planting density approximately 25% from the required minimum of 296 stems per hectare to 370.
Assessment of genetic diversity and mating system of Acacia cyclops restoration and remnant populations
Authors: Millar Melissa A. , Coates David J. , Byrne Margaret , Krauss Siegfried L. , Jonson Justin , Hopper Stephen D. 
Published: June 2019

Acacia cyclops, or Ngaamarur, is a common coastal shrub or small tree of the southwest of Western Australia and South Australia used for restoration in these landscapes and elsewhere. Knowledge of genetic diversity and mating systems of restoration populations is often lacking but can help inform likely restoration success. We compared genetic diversity and mating system parameters at three restoration populations of A. cyclops to nearby remnant reference populations. Mean levels of genetic diversity in restoration populations (Na = 1.806, Ne = 1.560, He = 0.270, Ho = 0.359) were not significantly different from those in the reference populations (Na = 1.833, Ne = 1.574, He = 0.269, Ho = 0.352) suggesting diverse seed collections were made for restoration. Allelic genetic divergence among restoration and reference populations was low (DST ≤ 0.04) suggesting that seeds were of local provenance. Mating system parameters were similar among restoration (tm = 0.989, tm–ts = 0.010, rpm = 0.392) and reference populations (tm = 0.868, tm–ts = 0.039, rpm = 0.410), suggesting functionality of the mating system and restitution of generalist insect pollinator services in restored populations at 7, 10, and 12 years after planting. Lower levels of heterozygosity in progeny compared to adults suggest post‐germination or late‐acting selection against inbred seedlings. Evidence for selection and seedling attrition further emphasizes the benefits of collections from many individuals in well‐connected outcrossed source populations. Overall, results suggest available local genetic diversity was captured and restoration populations have mating systems equivalent to those of reference populations.
The intergenerational continuity of parental conditional regard and its role in mothers’ and adolescents’ contingent self‐esteem and depressive symptoms
Authors: Otterpohl Nantje , Steffgen Sarah Teresa , Stiensmeier‐Pelster Joachim , Brenning Katrijn , Soenens Bart 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough research has documented the adverse consequences of parental academic conditional regard in different developmental periods, few studies have examined antecedents and, in particular, the possibility of intergenerational continuity of this parenting dimension. The current study aimed to identify patterns of intergenerational similarity in two types of conditional regard (i.e., positive and negative). Additionally, it examined mothers’ and adolescents’ contingent self‐esteem (CSE) and depressive symptoms as outcomes of this process. In total, 211 mothers and their 10‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents filled out questionnaires assessing perceived conditional regard in the relationship with their own mother (i.e., grandmothers’, and mothers’ conditional positive (PACPR) and negative regard (PACNR)), contingent self‐esteem (i.e., maternal child‐invested CSE and adolescents’ academic CSE), and maternal and adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Results revealed direct intergenerational similarity for PACPR, but not for PACNR. Within generations, PACPR was related positively to CSE, which, in turn, was related positively to depressive symptoms. Moreover, PACNR was related positively to depressive symptoms. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the intergenerational continuity of conditional regard, which has important consequences because of its relation to CSE and subsequent depressive symptoms within both generations.
Cache Valley virus: A scoping review of the global evidence
Authors: Waddell Lisa , Pachal Nicole , Mascarenhas Mariola , Greig Judy , Harding Shannon , Young Ian , Wilhelm Barbara 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito‐borne RNA virus detected throughout North America, Central America and parts of South America. A limited number of human case reports have described severe illness. CVV infection has been associated with outbreaks of congenital defects in small ruminants in Canada and the United States. A scoping review was conducted to identify, characterize and summarize research on CVV, and to identify research gaps. A structured search was conducted in eight electronic databases, with additional search verification and grey literature investigation. All captured studies were independently appraised by two reviewers for relevance and data characterization. The review captured 143 relevant studies investigating CVV epidemiology (n = 104), pathogenesis (n = 37), viral characteristics (n = 24), transmission (n = 14), diagnostic test performance (n = 8) and mitigation strategies (n = 2). Evidence of CVV infection was found in mosquito studies (n = 47), and serological evidence of exposure was demonstrated in animals (n = 41), as well as human (n = 20) studies. In sheep, five outbreaks of birth defects following asymptomatic dam CVV infection during the first 50 days of pregnancy were reported. Only six human cases of CVV‐associated illness were captured, with case symptoms described as initially non‐specific, progressing to more severe clinical signs (e.g., meningitis). No research was identified investigating treatment, societal knowledge and risk perception, economic burden or predictive models related to the impact of climate change on CVV. CVV circulates in mosquito and animal species across a large area of the Americas. Small ruminants are the only animals in which CVV‐associated clinical disease has been extensively studied. It is likely that human cases are under‐reported or misdiagnosed. Future research should focus on the impact of CVV infection in human and animal populations.
Spatial difference can occur between activated and damaged muscle areas following electrically‐induced isometric contractions
Authors: Fouré Alexandre , Le Troter Arnaud , Ogier Augustin C. , Guye Maxime , Gondin Julien , Bendahan David 
Published: June 2019

Key points
T2 mapping combined to image registration and statistical parametric mapping analysis is a suitable methodology to accurately localize and compare the extent of both activated and damaged muscle areas.
Activated muscle areas following electrically‐induced isometric contractions are superficial, but damaged regions are muscle specific and can be related to the muscle morphology and/or the relative spatial position within a muscle group leading to potential intramuscular muscle shear strain.
Tissues other than active skeletal muscle fibres can be altered during unaccustomed neuromuscular electrical stimulation‐induced isometric contractions.
AbstractSkeletal muscle isometric contractions induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) exercise can generate damage within activated muscles. This study aimed at comparing the localization and the extent of NMES‐activated muscle areas and induced damage regions using magnetic resonance imaging. Thirteen healthy subjects performed a single bout of NMES‐induced isometric contractions known to induce a decrease in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) and increase in muscle volume and transverse relaxation time (T2). All the parameters were measured before, immediately after (POST), 7 days (D7), 14 days (D14) and 21 days (D21) after the NMES session. Spatial normalization of T2 maps were performed to compare the localization of muscle activation areas and damaged muscle regions from statistical mapping analyses. A significant decrease in MVC was found at POST (−26 ± 9%) and in delayed time at D7 (−20 ± 6%) and D14 (−12 ± 5%). Although muscle activation was statistically detected through T2 increase at POST in superficial parts of the two muscles located beneath the stimulation electrodes (i.e. vastus lateralis and vastus medialis), alterations quantified in a delayed time from increased T2 were mainly located in the deep muscle region of the vastus lateralis (+57 ± 24% of mean T2) and superficial area of the vastus medialis (+24 ± 16% of mean T2) at D7 and were still observed in whole muscle at D21. The discrepancy between activated and damaged areas in the vastus lateralis implies that tissues other than active skeletal muscle fibres were altered during unaccustomed NMES‐induced isomeric contractions.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Prediction and Physical Mechanisms Consideration of Thermal Separation and Heat Transfer Processes Inside Divergent, Straight, and Convergent Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tubes
Authors: Bazgir Adib , Nabhani Nader , Bazooyar Bahamin , Heydari Ali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe design of Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube (RHVT) seems to be interesting for refrigeration and air conditioning purposes in industry. Improving thermal efficiency of the vortex tubes could increase the operability of these innovative facilities for a wider heat and cooling demand to this end; it is of an interest to understand the physical phenomena of thermal and flow patterns inside a vortex tube. In this work, the flow phenomena and the thermal energy transfer in RHVT are studied for three RHVT: straight, divergent, and convergent vortex tubes. A three-dimensional numerical analysis of swirling or vortex flow is performed, verified, and validated against previous experimental and numerical data reported in literature. The flow field and the temperature separation inside an RHVT for different configuration of straight, five angles of divergent hot tube (1 deg, 2 deg, 3 deg, 4 deg, and 6 deg) and five angle of convergent hot tube (0.5 deg, 0.8 deg, 1 deg, 1.5 deg, and 2 deg) are investigated. The thermal performance for all investigated RHVTs configuration is determined and quantitatively assessed via visualizing the stream lines for all three scenarios.
Observation of Strange Nonchaotic Dynamics in the Frame of State-Controlled Cellular Neural Network-Based Oscillator
Authors: Megavarna Ezhilarasu P. , Suresh K. , Thamilmaran K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the strange nonchaotic dynamics of a quasi-periodically driven state-controlled cellular neural network (SC-CNN) based on a simple chaotic circuit is investigated using hardware experiments and numerical simulations. We report here two different routes to strange nonchaotic attractors (SNAs) taken by this SC-CNN based circuit system. These routes were confirmed using rational approximation (RA) theory, finite time Lyapunov exponents, spectrum of the largest Lyapunov exponents and their variance, and phase sensitivity exponent. It is observed that the results from both computer simulations as well as laboratory experiments have spectacular resemblance.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Jet Impingement Cooling for Electronic Modules
Authors: Chu Wen-Xiao , Huang Kuan-Chang , Amer Mohammed , Wang Chi-Chuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of outlet arrangement and plenum structure on impingement cooling is experimentally and numerically investigated in a typical 1-U confined server space. Three outlets include Z-type, bilateral, and U-type arrangements, and the plenum configurations contain partially inclined, fully inclined, and staged layouts. As a result, using the U-type outlet or staged plenum may prominently compromise the impingement cooling performance on the target plates with lower pumping power. With numerical investigation, it is found that, for the case with Z-type outlet, the flowrate of jet impingement increases alongside the streamwise direction. Besides, the impingement stagnation region on target plates with the minimum thermal resistance may shift toward the outlet. Meanwhile, the uniformity of jet impingement can be improved by 10.7% and 50.3% when the bilateral and U-type outlets are applied, respectively, and the jet impingement is changed to perpendicular direction due to the opposite cross flow from the coming flow direction. On the other hand, by applying the inclined plenum and staged plenum, the uniformity of jet impingement can be dramatically improved by 113.9% and 215.1%, respectively. However, the local jet impingement velocity distribution is still nonuniform. Hence, a novel design of impingement plate based on the concept of Coanda effect is proposed. The peak value of the thermal resistance on target plate can be reduced by 21.8% and 16.0% at the center region and the fore part of the jet array.
Study of Uncertainties and Objective Function Modeling Effects on Probabilistic Optimization Results
Authors: Braydi Oussama , Lafon Pascal , Younes Rafic 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this work, we study the effect of uncertainties modeling and the choice of objective function on the results of optimization design problems in deterministic and probabilistic contexts. Uncertainties modeling are studied in two cases identified in the literature. The results show how the choice of two different objective functions, which lead to the same results in deterministic case, may lead to opposite results in probabilistic case. Also, the results show how the uncertainties modeling type can affect the antagonism between mean and standard deviation in the reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) problems. Three mechanical applications chosen from the literature are used to illustrate these cases.
Steel–Concrete Composite Pressure Vessels for Hydrogen Storage at High Pressures
Authors: Jawad Maan , Wang Yanli , Feng Zhili 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The need to store large quantities of hydrogen in large diameter steel vessels under high pressures results in shell thicknesses that are too large to produce by most steel mills and not practical to fabricate. Accordingly, a research program was undertaken by Oak Ridge National Laboratory to develop a new concept of combining steel with concrete to construct such vessels economically and practically. The concept is to fabricate vessels where the steel shell thickness is approximately one half that required to resist the hoop forces due to internal pressure. As such, the steel shell is designed to carry the full amount of the longitudinal forces in the vessel but only one half of the hoop loads due to internal pressure. The other half of the hoop loads is carried by a prestressed and reinforced concrete shell. In large diameter vessels, the cost of the shell can further be reduced by using layered steel shell construction rather than solid-wall construction. Such shell construction has also the added advantage of easily venting the hydrogen that permeates through the steel shell directly to the atmosphere through vent holes. This mechanism prevents the hydrogen from damaging the steel shell. The theoretical formulation of the steel concrete shell design is presented in this paper. In addition, details of a full-scale mock up vessel designed, fabricated, and tested to prove the proposed methodology are given.