bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of strontium ranelate on ligature‐induced periodontitis in estrogen‐deficient and estrogen‐sufficient rats
Authors: Marins Letícia Macedo , Napimoga Marcelo Henrique , Malta Fernando de Souza , Miranda Tamires Szeremeske , Nani Edson Parra , Franco Beatriz da Silva Tavares , da Silva Hélio Doyle Pereira , Duarte Poliana Mendes 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesStrontium ranelate is a medication indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis that presents concomitant anti‐resorptive and osteoanabolic dual biological activity. However, the effects of strontium ranelate on alveolar bone have been poorly explored. Furthermore, to date, there are no data on the effects of this medication on alveolar bone loss (BL) during conditions of estrogen deficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of strontium ranelate on ligature‐induced periodontitis in estrogen‐deficient and estrogen‐sufficient rats.MethodsNinety‐six rats were assigned to one of the following groups: sham‐surgery + water (estrogen‐sufficient; n = 24); ovariectomy + water (estrogen‐deficient; n = 24), sham‐surgery + strontium ranelate (ranelate/estrogen‐sufficient; n = 24) and; ovariectomy + strontium ranelate (ranelate/estrogen‐deficient; n = 24). The rats received strontium ranelate or water from the 14th day after ovariectomy until the end of the experiment. On the 21st day after ovariectomy, one first mandibular molar received a ligature, while the contralateral tooth was left unligated. Eight rats per group were killed at 10, 20, and 30 days after ligature placement. Bone loss (BL) and trabecular bone area (TBA) were analyzed in the furcation area of ligated and unligated teeth at all experimental times by histometry. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells and immunohistochemical staining for osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF‐КB ligand (RANKL) were assessed in the ligated teeth at 30 days after ligature placement.ResultsAt 10 and 30 days, ligated teeth of the estrogen‐deficient group exhibited higher BL, when compared to all other groups (P < .05). At 10 days, TBAs were higher in the unligated teeth of strontium ranelate‐treated groups, when compared to those of untreated groups (P < .05). At 30 days, the ligated teeth of the estrogen‐deficient group exhibited lower TBA than the other groups (P < .05). There were no differences among groups regarding the number of TRAP‐stained cells (P < .05). The strontium ranelate‐treated groups exhibited lower expressions of OCN and RANKL than the untreated groups (P < .05). The estrogen‐sufficient group presented higher staining for OPG than both treated and untreated estrogen‐deficient groups (P < .05).ConclusionsStrontium ranelate prevented ligature‐induced BL in an estrogen‐deficiency condition and, to a certain extent, increased TBA in the presence and absence of periodontal collapse in states of estrogen deficiency and estrogen sufficiency. Furthermore, strontium ranelate also affected the expression of bone markers, appearing to have acted predominantly as an anti‐resorptive agent.
Global positioning system location clusters vs. scats: comparing dietary estimates to determine mesopredator diet in a conflict framework
Authors: Drouilly M. , Nattrass N. , O'Riain M. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudying the feeding ecology of mesopredators living on or adjacent to farmland is important as livestock predation fuels conflict between farmers and predators and between diverse stakeholders on how to best manage this conflict. Most dietary studies on elusive and heavily persecuted predators rely on indirect methods such as scat analysis, because direct observations of predation events are rare. Consequently, the proportion of livestock and other prey that was actively hunted vs. scavenged remains largely unknown. We used data from global positioning system collars affixed to black‐backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) and caracal (Caracal caracal) to locate potential feeding sites on farmland and a protected area and to attempt to determine whether prey had been killed or scavenged. We compared dietary estimates from prey items found at global positioning system location clusters (GLCs) with those obtained from scat analysis and investigated whether GLC analysis is a suitable method to determine mesocarnivore diet. The success rate of finding a kill site when investigating GLCs was significantly higher for caracal than for jackal. Only 16.2% and 4.7% of jackal and caracal GLCs, respectively, were classified as scavenging events. Livestock was the most frequently detected prey in both scats and GLCs on farmland but GLCs provided a higher estimate of sheep biomass than scats. Caracal GLCs revealed prey ranging in size from small to large, whereas jackal GLCs were only for medium and large prey categories. Adult male caracals predated significantly more on livestock than females and younger individuals. Collared jackals residing in the protected area never formed GLCs containing livestock remains on neighbouring farms. Together, GLCs and scat analyses provide a more complete understanding of mesopredators feeding ecology on farmland. We recommend that both methods are applied, particularly in regions where livestock predation and lethal management of predators are driving conflict between stakeholders.
Optimal transportation planning for prefabricated products in construction
Authors: Yi Wen , Wang Shuaian , Zhang Abraham 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrefabrication‐based construction has several advantages, such as short building time and superior quality. The transportation of prefabricated products from factories to construction sites has two key issues to consider. One is how to efficiently utilize the capacity of trucks in order to use as few trucks as possible, and the other is how to postpone the transportation of prefabricated products so as to pay for them as late as possible. This study proposes a mathematical programming model to optimize the transportation planning of prefabricated products to minimize the sum of trucking transportation costs and inventory holding costs. Extensive numerical experiments show that the optimal transport plan generated by the model outperforms the plan obtained by a greedy approach by 10% of cost savings, implying the effectiveness of the model for the construction industry.
Efficacy of oral midazolam for minimal and moderate sedation in pediatric patients: A systematic review
Authors: Manso Maria A. , Guittet Catherine , Vandenhende François , Granier Luc‐André 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the most widely used options for minimal/moderate sedation in pediatric patients is oral midazolam, as it presents an alternative to less well‐accepted routes of administration (eg, intravenous or intranasal) of this well‐known efficacious and well‐tolerated short‐acting benzodiazepine. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to identify clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of oral midazolam for sedation in pediatric patients in the context of premedication before anesthesia or during diagnostic/treatment procedures. The percentage of responders (response rate) after single administration of oral midazolam was evaluated and compared versus placebo in a subset of placebo‐controlled studies. The range of oral midazolam doses providing effective sedation in the different pediatric age subsets was analyzed in order to assess optimum dosing strategies. A total of 25 pediatric clinical studies, utilizing a variety of measures of sedation effectiveness, were selected. These studies included a total of 1472 patients (aged 4 months‐18 years) treated with midazolam (0.25‐1.5 mg/kg) and 138 patients treated with placebo. The response rates [95% confidence interval] with oral midazolam ranged from 36.7% [21.6%, 54.9%] to 97.8% [86.1%, 99.7%], while with placebo response rates ranged from 4.0% [0.6%, 23.5%] to 41.0% [29.4%, 53.6%]. When considering the 4 placebo‐controlled studies, the odds ratios [95% confidence interval] for the comparison of midazolam vs. placebo ranged from 13.4 [5.0, 36.0] to 25.9 [6.7, 100.6]. The analysis of subgroups by context of sedation showed response rates [95% confidence interval] with oral midazolam ranging from 36.7% [21.6%, 54.9%] to 97.0% [94.8%, 98.3%] for anesthetic premedication and from 56.1% [43.1%, 68.4] to 97.8% [86.1%, 99.7%] for medical procedures. The efficacy of midazolam for pediatric minimal/moderate sedation from a dose of 0.25 mg/kg and above was demonstrated. The probability of occurrence of adverse events and over‐sedation increases with increasing doses.
How help during pregnancy can undermine self‐efficacy and increase postpartum intentions to quit
Authors: Jones Kristen P. , Clair Judith A. , King Eden B. , Humberd Beth K. , Arena David F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPregnancy reflects a common experience for women in today's workforce, yet recent data suggest that some women scale back or leave the workforce following childbirth. Considering these effects on women's careers, researchers have sought to understand the underlying dynamics of these decisions. Here, we explore a paradoxical reason for weakened postpartum career attitudes: help that women receive during pregnancy. We integrate stereotype threat and benevolent sexism theories to explain how the effects of help on postpartum intentions to quit may be transmitted through reductions in work self‐efficacy. In doing so, we consider the role of perceived impact—or the extent to which help interferes with versus enables women's perceived ability to continue performing their work role. Results of a weekly diary study of 105 pregnant employees suggest that work‐interfering help led to decreased self‐efficacy for work during the following week. Furthermore, there was an indirect effect of average help received at work during pregnancy on postpartum intentions to quit the workforce through reductions in work self‐efficacy that was stronger insofar as help was work‐interfering versus work‐enabling. Taken together, our results highlight unintended negative consequences that occur when others provide ineffective support to women at work during pregnancy.
Thyme and suico essential oils: promising natural tools for potato common scab control
Authors: Prieto M. C. , Lapaz M. I. , Lucini E. I. , Pianzzola M. J. , Grosso N. R. , Asensio C. M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Potato common scab is a worldwide disease mainly caused by Streptomyces scabiei. It seriously affects potato crops by decreasing tuber quality. Essential oils (EO) are natural products with recognised antimicrobial properties. In this research, the antibacterial activities of thyme, oregano, suico and mint EO against S. scabiei were analysed.

Infected tubers and soil samples were used for bacterial isolation; the obtained isolates were genetically identified. The chemical composition of the EO was determined by GC‐MS. The broth microdilution method was used to analyse antibacterial properties of EO.

Thirty‐one bacterial isolates were obtained. The isolate chosen for antibacterial assays was morpho‐physiologically and genetically identified as S. scabiei. Thyme EO was mainly composed of thymol and o‐cymene; suico EO of dihydrotagetone, trans‐tagetone and verbenone; oregano EO of trans‐sabinene hydrate, thymol and ɣ‐terpinene; and mint EO of menthone and menthol. All the EO tested were effective against S. scabiei, but thyme and suico EO were the most successful, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.068 g·l−1 and 0.147 g·l−1, respectively, and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.137 g·l−1 and 0.147 g·l−1, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed similar damage caused by both thyme and suico EO to the bacterial envelope. Total phenolic content of EO was not related to their antibacterial activity.

Thyme and suico EO are effective antibacterial agents against S. scabiei, impeding bacterial viability and disturbing the bacterial cell envelope. These EO are promising tools for control of potato common scab.
Phosphorus fractions and dynamics as affected by land‐use changes in the Central Mexican highlands
Authors: Bayuelo‐Jiménez Jeannette S. , Muraoka Takashi , de la Cruz‐Torres Eulogio , Quintero‐Ponce Esperanza , Paredes‐Gutiérrez Lydia C. , Zaman Mohammad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLand‐use change from forest to agriculture in the volcanic ash‐derived soils of Mexico has increased over recent decades. It is likely that land uses and management practices, particularly fertilizer use have affected phosphorus (P) distribution and availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of land‐use types (native forest and maize mono‐cropping), and the related P addition, on the forms and distribution of soil P and their isotopic exchangeability. An Andisol, sampled from a cropping site, along with the contiguous area under native forest was treated with 32P‐labelled potassium phosphate (KH232PO4). The soil samples were extracted after incubation times of 7, 21, 35 and 49 days. Phosphorus content and 32P recovery in fractions sequentially extracted were assessed for each incubation time. Total soil P was dominated by inorganic fractions (79 to 86%) in both land‐use types. Resin‐Pi, bicarbonate extractable inorganic P (Bic‐Pi) and sodium hydroxide extractable inorganic P (NaOH0.1‐Pi) were all raised with P addition. However, the proportion of organic P fraction was reduced under cropped soil. The recovery of 32P in soils with P addition indicates that resin‐Pi, Bic‐Pi and NaOH0.1‐Pi comprised nearly all the exchangeable P. In native soils with no P addition, more than 19% of the 32P was recovered in Bic‐Po and NaOH0.1‐Po forms. This finding indicates that organic P cycling is crucial when soil Pi reserves are presented in an inadequate amount. Ecologically based management has to be designed for replenishment and succeeding maintenance of soil organic P compounds to increase sustainable agricultural production.
Penicillin allergy skin testing as an antibiotic stewardship intervention reduces alternative antibiotic exposures in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Modi Anita R. , Majhail Navneet S. , Rybicki Lisa , Athans Vasilios , Carlstrom Kelley , Srinivas Pavithra , Lang David M. , Sobecks Ronald , Kovacs Christopher S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic allergy de‐labeling using penicillin allergy skin testing (PAST) can reduce the use and cost of alternative, non‐β‐lactam antibiotics in general inpatient populations. This strategy's role in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients is unclear.MethodsThis study aimed to determine the effect of a pre‐transplant PAST protocol on antibiotic use, days of therapy (DOT), and cost in an immunocompromised population at a single center from 7/1/2010‐2/1/2019. Patients who received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy and those who underwent transplantation in the outpatient setting were excluded.ResultsOf 1560 patients who underwent inpatient HSCT during the study period, 208 reported β‐lactam allergy (136/844 [16%] pre‐ and 72/716 [10%] post‐implementation; P < .001). PAST was performed on 7% and 54% of HSCT recipients pre‐ and post‐implementation, respectively. Only two positive PAST were noted. There were no adverse reactions to PAST. There were no significant differences in the disease and transplant characteristics between the two groups. Days of therapy and cost of alternative antibiotics significantly decreased post‐implementation (mean 788 vs 627 days, P = .01; mean $24 425 vs $17 518, P = .009).ConclusionPenicillin allergy skin testing adjudicates reported β‐lactam allergy in HSCT recipients, lowering use, DOT, and cost of alternative antibiotics and promoting effective formulary agents to treat immunocompromised HSCT recipients.
Hemolymph cytology, hemocyte count, glucose, and electrolyte reference intervals in 93 Cameroon red tarantulas (Hysterocrates gigas)
Authors: B. Larouche Cédric , Beeler‐Marfisi Janet , Attard Lydia , Nemeth Nicole , Beaufrère Hugues 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTheraphosidae is a large family of tarantula spiders commonly kept as pets or display animals by zoological institutions. Interest and demand for arachnid medicine have grown over the last decade. While hemolymph analysis could be a fundamental tool for arachnid health assessment, RIs are generally lacking for arachnid species.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to describe the appearance of hemocytes and establish RIs for total and differential hemocyte counts as well as hemolymph glucose and electrolyte concentrations in the Cameroon red tarantula (CRT) (Hysterocrates gigas).MethodsNinety‐three CRTs were anesthetized using isoflurane or sevoflurane, and hemolymph was collected from the heart. Hemocyte counts were performed using a hemocytometer and trypan blue stain, and differential cell counts were estimated using light microscopy and a Wright stain. Hemocytes were also characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hemolymph glucose and electrolyte concentrations were obtained using a blood gas analyzer. The American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines were used to calculate RIs.ResultsThe most abundant hemocytes were plasmatocytes, followed by granulocytes, cyanocytes, and prohemocytes. Hemocytes were characterized by TEM except for cyanocytes. All RIs had a broad range, likely due to a combination of population heterogeneity, high biologic variability of the species, and the propensity of samples to clot.ConclusionsThe current study is the first to establish RIs for hemolymph cytologic parameters with a sample size of over 20 individuals in any theraphosid species. RIs for CRT hemolymph biochemical analytes are also reported.
An Innovative Yield Criterion Considering Strain Rates Based on Von Mises Stress
Authors: Yu Jingwei , Fei Qingguo , Zhang Peiwei , Li Yanbin , Zhang Dahai , Guo Fei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An innovative yield criterion based on von Mises stress is proposed to represent the strain rate-dependent behavior under dynamic load. Considering the strain rate in the constitutive model, the distortional strain energy density is derived and the yield criterion is established. A plot of yield strength for a range of strain rate reveals that despite the differences in material properties and test methods, the yield strength rise can be represented by a unified criterion. The overall yield behavior of the material under dynamic load can be explained by introducing the strain rate into the constitutive model and threshold distortional strain energy density. This criterion is in a simple form that may be widely applied.
Application of an Ecological Momentary Assessment Protocol in a Workplace Intervention: Assessing Compliance, Criterion Validity, and Reactivity
Authors: Weatherson Katie , Yun Lira , Wunderlich Kelly , Puterman Eli , Faulkner Guy 
Published: September 2019

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method of collecting behavioral data in real time. The purpose of this study was to examine EMA compliance, identify factors predicting compliance, assess criterion validity of, and reactivity to, using EMA in a workplace intervention study.Methods: Forty-five adults (91.1% female, 39.7 [9.6] y) were recruited for a workplace standing desk intervention. Participants received 5 surveys each day for 5 workdays via smartphone application. EMA items assessed current position (sitting/standing/stepping). EMA responses were time matched to objectively measured time in each position before and after each prompt. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated factors influencing EMA response. Cohen kappa measured interrater agreement between EMA-reported and device-measured position. Reactivity was assessed by comparing objectively measured sitting/standing/stepping in the 15 minutes before and after each EMA prompt using multilevel repeated-measures models.Results: Participants answered 81.4% of EMA prompts. Differences in compliance differed by position. There was substantial agreement between EMA-reported and device-measured position (κ = .713;P < .001). Following the EMA prompt, participants sat 0.87 minutes more than before the prompt (P < .01).Conclusion: The use of EMA is a valid assessment of position when used in an intervention to reduce occupational sitting and did not appear to disrupt sitting in favor of the targeted outcome.
Psychological Outcomes following a nurse-led Preventative Psychological Intervention for critically ill patients (POPPI): protocol for a cluster-randomised clinical trial of a complex intervention
Authors: Richards-Belle Alvin , Mouncey Paul R , Wade Dorothy , Brewin Chris R , Emerson Lydia M , Grieve Richard , Harrison David A , Harvey Sheila , Howell David , Mythen Monty , Sadique Zia , Smyth Deborah , Weinman John , Welch John , Rowan Kathryn M 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionAcute psychological stress, as well as unusual experiences including hallucinations and delusions, are common in critical care unit patients and have been linked to post-critical care psychological morbidity such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. Little high-quality research has been conducted to evaluate psychological interventions that could alleviate longer-term psychological morbidity in the critical care unit setting. Our research team developed and piloted a nurse-led psychological intervention, aimed at reducing patient-reported PTSD symptom severity and other adverse psychological outcomes at 6 months, for evaluation in the POPPI trial.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, parallel group, cluster-randomised clinical trial with a staggered roll-out of the intervention. The trial is being carried out at 24 (12 intervention, 12 control) NHS adult, general, critical care units in the UK and is evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a nurse-led preventative psychological intervention in reducing patient-reported PTSD symptom severity and other psychological morbidity at 6 months. All sites deliver usual care for 5 months (baseline period). Intervention group sites are then trained to carry out the POPPI intervention, and transition to delivering the intervention for the rest of the recruitment period. Control group sites deliver usual care for the duration of the recruitment period. The trial also includes a process evaluation conducted independently of the trial team.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and approved by the National Research Ethics Service South Central - Oxford B Research Ethics Committee (reference: 15/SC/0287). The first patient was recruited in September 2015 and results will be disseminated in 2018. The results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN53448131; Pre-results.