bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grabbed Urban Landscapes: Socio‐spatial Tensions in Green Infrastructure Planning in Medellín
Authors: Anguelovski Isabelle , Irazábal‐Zurita Clara , Connolly James J.T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCities confronted with unsustainable development and climatic changes are increasingly turning to green infrastructure as an approach for growth and climate risk management. In this context, recent scholarly attention has been paid to gentrification, real‐estate speculation and resident displacement in the context of sustainability and green planning in the global North. Yet we know little about the environmental‐justice implications of green infrastructure planning in the context of self‐built settlements of the global South. To what extent do green infrastructure interventions produce or exacerbate urban socio‐spatial inequities in self‐built settlements? Through the analysis of a greenbelt project, an emblematic case of green infrastructure planning in Medellín, we argue that, as the Municipality of Medellín is containing and beautifying low‐income neighborhoods through grabbing part of their territories and turning them into green landscapes of privilege and pleasure, communities are becoming dispossessed of their greatest assets—location, land and social capital. In the process, community land is transformed into a new form of aesthetically controlled and ordered nature for the middle and upper classes and for tourists. By contrast, communities’ planning alternatives reveal how green planning can better address growth and climate risks in tandem with equitable community development.
The effects of probiotic cultures on the organic acid content, texture profile and sensory attributes of Tulum cheese
Authors: Tomar Oktay 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on the organic acid, texture profile and sensory attributes of Tulum cheese. The acidity of sample increased throughout the storage. Storage time influenced the organic acid content of samples (P < 0.0001). Lightness decreased while redness increased (P < 0.05). Cohesiveness decreased during storage, whereas the values of all other Texture Profile Analyses (TPA) parameters increased. The samples produced with L. acidophilus had the highest texture and acceptability ratings, whereas samples produced with B. animalis subsp. lactis had the highest flavour score.
Ensnarement During Imprisonment
Authors: Silver Ian A. , Nedelec Joseph L. 
Published: December 2018

Research SummaryWe used data collected during the Evaluation of Ohio's Prison Programs. The analytical sample of N = 63,772 inmates represents one of the largest samples used to assess the association between within‐prison sanctioning and recidivism. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) demonstrated that five guilty sanctioning clusters existed within the data: Persistent (0.72%), Very High Decline (0.11%), High Decline (1.38%), Moderate Decline (27.03%), and Abstainers (70.75%). The examination of sanctioning cluster classification on post‐release recidivism suggested that greater exposure to formal sanctions during imprisonment predicted recidivism 1, 2, and 3 years post‐release.Policy ImplicationsThe outcome of the empirical analysis suggested an association between within‐prison sanctioning clusters and recidivism. Furthermore, longitudinal sanctioning clusters exposed to higher levels of within‐prison sanctioning possessed a greater probability of recidivism 1, 2, and 3 years post‐release. If replicated, two policy implications could be derived from the contextualization of these results within the ensnarement framework. First, it is recommended that the frequency and severity of sanctions be reduced, to the extent possible, during imprisonment. Second, increased access to prosocial opportunities (e.g., rehabilitation programs) during sanctioning efforts is also encouraged based on the analyses.
Human resource differentiation: A theoretical paper integrating co‐workers' perspective and context
Authors: Rofcanin Yasin , Berber Aykut , Marescaux Elise , Bal P. Matthijs , Mughal Farooq , Afacan Findikli Mine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper conceptualises “human resource (HR) differentiation” as a set of deliberate and differentiating HR practices across individuals within the organisation to address employees' unique work needs and preferences as well as reward them for their input. Despite the importance of HR differentiation, research has mainly focused on the recipients of such practices, overlooking the consequences of HR differentiation from co‐workers' perspective. This is a significant omission because a growing concern suggests that HR differentiation might be a double‐edged sword, as the presumed positive effects might only be confined to employees benefiting from it. Taking a first step, this paper offers a conceptual model that explains how co‐workers of a focal employee, who is entitled to an advantageous outcome through HR differentiation, are likely to react, either positively by showing contentment or negatively by showing anger, with behavioural consequences towards the focal employee and organisation. In so doing, we rely on deontic justice theory and explore contextual conditions at the individual and team level under which co‐workers react. As a result, our model can inspire future research by adopting a broader and more inclusive approach to HR differentiation, underlining the need for caution when implementing HR differentiation in a team setting.
Value of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resected stage IB solid predominant and solid non‐predominant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cao Shuhui , Teng Jiajun , Xu Jianlin , Han Baohui , Zhong Hua 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe use of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for stage IB lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial. We examined the benefits of ACT in stage IB patients with tumors composed of solid material.MethodsThe records of 309 patients with stage IB lung adenocarcinoma who had undergone complete resection between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed. All pathological slides were evaluated for the composition of solid material.ResultsOur data showed that although disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different (P = 0.306 and P = 0.061, respectively) between patients displaying a solid pattern of tumor growth and treated with or without ACT, patients with a solid predominant pattern of tumor growth treated with ACT had longer DFS (hazard ratio 0.359; P = 0.033) and OS (hazard ratio 0.205; P = 0.003). In patients with solid non‐predominant patterns, treatment with ACT had no effect on DFS (P = 0.326) or OS (P = 0.508).ConclusionsPostoperative patients with the solid predominant pattern of stage IB lung adenocarcinoma may benefit from ACT, while those with the solid non‐predominant pattern will not.
Short‐term movements and behaviour govern the use of road mitigation measures by a protected amphibian
Authors: Matos C. , Petrovan S. O. , Wheeler P. M. , Ward A. I. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRoad mitigation infrastructure for pond‐breeding amphibians aims to provide a safe and sustainable passage for individuals between critical habitat patches. However, relatively little is known about how amphibians interact with mitigation systems because of the challenges of documenting movements at sufficiently large sample sizes. The effect of real or perceived barriers to short‐term movement could ultimately determine the success or failure of road mitigation schemes. We quantified behavioural responses of the protected great crested newt Triturus cristatus in a complex road mitigation system in the UK. We used fluorescent paint to mark individuals in order to measure distance travelled and trajectory orientation over two seasons (spring when adults migrate to breeding ponds and autumn when newts disperse) and in three components of the mitigation system (fences, tunnel entrances and inside the tunnels). A total of 250 juveniles and 137 adult great crested newts were marked and tracked during 38 survey nights. Adults were individually identified using belly‐pattern recognition. There was substantially greater activity along the fences during autumn (82% of newt captures) compared to spring. Triturus cristatus typically moved short distances each night (3.21 m per night in spring and 6.72 m per night in autumn), with a maximum of 25.6 m travelled inside a tunnel. Adult recapture rates were low (9.7%) and only 3% of the newts found along the fences reached the tunnel entrances. Movements were straighter in spring and inside the tunnels and newts had higher crossing rates in autumn compared to spring. Overall, behaviour and seasonal movement patterns significantly influenced the use of the mitigation system, in a way that could impact landscape connectivity for T. cristatus over the long‐term. Adequate incorporation of fine‐scale movement dynamics could help develop new behavioural models, inform our understanding of amphibian ecology and substantially improve future road mitigation projects.
Stress vulnerability promotes an alcohol‐prone phenotype in a preclinical model of sustained depression
Authors: Riga Danai , Schmitz Leanne J.M. , van Mourik Yvar , Hoogendijk Witte J.G. , De Vries Taco J. , Smit August B. , Spijker Sabine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMajor depression and alcohol‐related disorders frequently co‐occur. Depression severity weighs on the magnitude and persistence of comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD), with severe implications for disease prognosis. Here, we investigated whether depression vulnerability drives propensity to AUD at the preclinical level. We used the social defeat–induced persistent stress (SDPS) model of chronic depression in combination with operant alcohol self‐administration (SA). Male Wistar rats were subjected to social defeat (five episodes) and prolonged social isolation (~12 weeks) and subsequently classified as SDPS‐prone or SDPS‐resilient based on their affective and cognitive performance. Using an operant alcohol SA paradigm, acquisition, motivation, extinction, and cue‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking were examined in the two subpopulations. SDPS‐prone animals showed increased alcohol SA, heightened motivation to acquire alcohol, persistent alcohol seeking despite alcohol unavailability, signs of extinction resistance, and increased cue‐induced relapse; the latter could be blocked by the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist guanfacine. In SDPS‐resilient rats, prior exposure to social defeat increased alcohol SA without affecting any other measures of alcohol seeking and alcohol taking. Our data revealed that depression proneness confers vulnerability to alcohol, emulating patterns of alcohol dependence seen in human addicts, and that depression resilience to a large extent protects from the development of AUD‐like phenotypes. Furthermore, our data suggest that stress exposure alone, independently of depressive symptoms, alters alcohol intake in the long‐term.
Brain GABA levels are reduced in alcoholic liver disease: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Morley Kirsten C. , Lagopoulos Jim , Logge Warren , Baillie Andrew , Adams Claire , Haber Paul S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsBaclofen, a selective γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptor agonist, has emerged as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorder with much unexplained variation in response to treatment efficacy and dose regimen. Several positive studies include patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and/or history of heavy drinking. The aim of this paper was to examine the association of cortical GABA+ concentration with severity of liver disease (including markers of liver injury) and other clinical characteristics in alcohol patients.MethodsProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), from the parietal lobe, was analyzed to yield absolute concentration of GABA in 24 alcohol‐dependent individuals. Diagnosis of ALD, markers of liver injury, severity of liver disease (Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease [MELD]), and alcohol history were assessed. Covariates included concurrent medication, age, and recent alcohol consumption.ResultsMultiple linear regression revealed that GABA+ concentration was significantly predicted by MELD scores (F = 5.02, R2 = 0.59, P = 0.01; MELD: B = −0.63, P = 0.02), when controlling for covariates concurrent medication, age, and recent alcohol consumption.ConclusionSeverity of ALD is associated with lower cortical concentrations of GABA+. These results may explain variations in response to the GABAB agonist, baclofen, in the alcohol‐dependent population.
Impact of a structured lifestyle programme on patients with metabolic syndrome complicated by non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Konerman Monica A. , Walden Patrick , Joseph Megan , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Lok Anna S. , Rubenfire Melvyn 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundLifestyle interventions are first‐line therapy for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).AimsTo examine the prevalence of NAFLD among participants of the University of Michigan Metabolic Fitness (MetFit) Programme and to assess the impact of this programme on weight, metabolic and liver‐related parameters among patients with and without NAFLD.MethodsAdults who completed the programme between 2008 and 2016 were included. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at enrolment, and at 12 and 24 weeks. NAFLD was defined based on liver biopsy, imaging or clinical diagnosis.ResultsThe cohort (N = 403; 253 12‐week, 150 24‐week) consisted primarily of middle‐aged (median 54 years) white (88%) men (63%) with severe obesity (median BMI 37.4). 47.6% met criteria for NAFLD. At baseline, NAFLD patients were younger (52 vs 55 years), had higher weights and more metabolic derangements (higher fasting insulin and triglyceride, lower high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol). At programme completion, 30% achieved weight reduction ≥5%, 62% resolution of hypertriglyceridaemia, 33% resolution of low HDL, 27% resolution of impaired fasting glucose and 43% normalisation of alanine aminotransferase. Endpoints were unaffected by NAFLD. Longer programme duration (OR 6.7, 95% CI 3.6‐12.3) and white race (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.04‐1.76) were independent predictors of ≥5% weight loss.ConclusionsNearly half of the patients referred to a structured lifestyle programme for metabolic syndrome had NAFLD. Although baseline metabolic derangements were more pronounced among NAFLD patients, the programme was equally efficacious in achieving weight loss and resolving metabolic syndrome components. Programme duration was the most important predictor of response.
More than the sum of its parts: Cumulative risk effects on school functioning in middle childhood
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Humphrey Neil 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundRisk factors for poor school functioning rarely occur in isolation, but instead are likely to cluster together. As they accumulate, cumulative risk theory (CRT) predicts that the likelihood of negative outcomes increases, often disproportionately.AimsWe build upon and extend previous research by (i) examining two critical aspects of school functioning (reading attainment and behavioural difficulties); (ii) utilizing a large number of candidate risk factors across multiple ecological domains; (iii) testing the two core assumptions of CRT; and (iv) formally examining the functional form of the risk–outcome relationships.SampleParticipants were N = 3084 children aged 6–7 attending 77 mainstream primary schools in England.MethodsSixteen candidate risk factors (e.g., familial poverty) were modelled using data from the National Pupil Database. Reading attainment and behavioural difficulties data were generated via teachers’ reading assessment scores and the Teacher Observation of Children's Adaptation Checklist (disruptive behaviour subscale), respectively. A cumulative risk score was generated for each pupil. Multilevel modelling was utilized for analysis.ResultsSix risk factors were identified for behaviour and seven for reading attainment. A cumulative risk effect was found for both outcomes, and the two core assumptions of CRT were supported. Quadratic relationships were found for both aspects of school functioning, indicative of a threshold effect.ConclusionsAs the number of risk factors increases, difficulties in school functioning increase disproportionately. Consistent with CRT, our results suggest that the number of risks is more important than their nature. This has implications for future risk research and the implementation of school‐based interventions.
Direct and indirect impacts of wildfire on faunal communities of Mediterranean temporary ponds
Authors: Cunillera‐Montcusí David , Gascón Stéphanie , Tornero Irene , Sala Jordi , Àvila Núria , Quintana Xavier D. , Boix Dani 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The Mediterranean region has historically been affected by wildfires. However, studies addressing wildfire impacts have traditionally focused first on terrestrial systems and second on lotic systems. This bias has left a gap in knowledge related to wildfire effects on some of the emblematic habitats of the Mediterranean region such as temporary ponds.

We hypothesise that temporary ponds will experience indirect consequences of wildfires like those of other aquatic systems (e.g. nutrient increases or trophic alterations). However, the fact that temporary ponds are dry during the summer, when most wildfires occur, could add a new path of disturbance such as an impact on organisms aestivating in the pond sediment due to their direct burning. Based on these hypotheses, the present study analyses wildfire impacts on faunal communities adapted to temporality, focusing on species traits related to expected indirect and direct impacts (i.e. dispersal ability, life history or feeding habits).

We took advantage of a wildfire (summer 2012) that partially affected a Mediterranean temporary pond network, comparing the environmental and the faunal community responses from before and after the wildfire, and between the burned and unburned ponds during the subsequent hydroperiod.

As hypothesised, our results indicated different wildfire effects. First, changes in abundances of some trophic groups from before and after the wildfire but also strong fluctuations at the beginning of the hydroperiod between burned and unburned ponds. Second, a decrease in abundance of organisms that remain in the pond sediment during drought in burned ponds, being probably affected directly by the wildfire.

Only one hydroperiod appears to be sufficient for burned ponds to recover their similarity to unburned ponds, which highlights the high resilience of these communities. Despite their resilience, these communities could become compromised in the future since global change scenarios predict increase wildfire frequency and intensity in the Mediterranean region.
Histochemical changes in early and mature Festulolium and maturation's effects on rumen bacteria activity and in vitro degradation
Authors: González‐Muñoz Sergio S. , Zavaleta‐Mancera Hilda A. , Miranda‐Romero Luis A. , Loera‐Corral Octavio , Pinos‐Rodríguez Juan M. , Campos‐Montiel Rafael G. , Almaraz‐Buendía Isaac 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe nutritional quality of grasses decreases with maturity due to increases in content of cell wall (CW) and lignified tissue, which affect the degradation and fermentation variables of the grasses. The effect of leaf age and tissue‐microbial attachment during the degradation of Festulolium at 28 and 35 days of regrowth was evaluated in vitro by gas production. Fragments from the middle part of the blade of Festulolium leaves were stained for lignin with phloroglucinol solution, and the lignified area was measured. Subepidermal fibers of the abaxial and adaxial central vein of leaves contributed most to the lignification of Festulolium at 35 days compared with that at 28 days. Variables of gas production and concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen were affected by regrowth age. Activity for cellulases (8.19 IU/g dry matter [DM]) was highest between 12 and 16 hr of incubation and for xylanases between 16 and 24 hr (51.09 IU/g DM) without differences between regrowth ages. Scanning electron microscopy showed the following sequence: primary CW degradation started at 12 hr, a large population of microbiota were attached to CWs with extracellular protein complexes at 24 hr, and microbiota were attached to lignified cells at 48 hr. Therefore, during in vitro CW degradation of Festulolium, enzymatic activities increased before microbiota attachment to CWs, which was maintained when xylanase activity declined. Thus, structural analysis conducted using histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy helped to characterize the degradation of plant tissues and the interactions with ruminal microorganisms.
Quartz‐containing glass‐ceramics in the SiO2–Li2O–K2O–MgO–CaO–Al2O3–P2O5 system
Authors: Rampf Markus , Fisch Martin , Helsch Gundula , Deubener Joachim , Ritzberger Christian , Höland Wolfram , Dittmer Marc 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVolume crystallization of quartz, triggered by adding P2O5, was investigated in the multicomponent SiO2–Li2O–K2O–MgO–CaO–Al2O3–P2O5 glass system. Glass‐ceramics comprising quartz as the main crystal phase besides lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) as a minor crystal phase were produced by controlled crystallization from the parent glass. According to quantitative crystal phase analysis by means of Rietveld refinement the mass fraction of the minor Li2Si2O5 phase decreased with increasing P2O5 content, while the fraction of quartz increased. Scanning electron microscopy revealed lath‐like Li2Si2O5 embedded in a matrix of rather globular quartz crystals forming an interlocking microstructure. Well machinable glass‐ceramics with a mean biaxial flexural strength of about 300 MPa and a fracture toughness of about 2.0 MPa × m0.5 could be realized. With mean values ≥13.6 × 10−6 K−1 the glass‐ceramics coefficient of thermal expansion is close to the one reported for low‐quartz crystals. The ease of production based on conventional glass melting and fabrication technology together with the good mechanical, optical, and machining properties enables the application of these materials in prosthodontics.