bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esthetic and Functional Posterior Rehabilitation With Lithium Disilicate Ceramics for the Replacement of Gold Alloy and Metal‐Ceramic Restorations: A Clinical Case With a 10‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Fonseca Manrique , Molinero‐Mourelle Pedro , Rabel Kerstin , Mittmann Clemens , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Schimmel Martin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis case report illustrates a clinical scenario of a patient with insufficient crowns, gold onlays and localized tooth pain in the posterior teeth, treated with partial and full coverage lithium disilicate restorations.Clinical ConsiderationsA female patient presented in the clinics, complaining about tooth pain and unesthetic metal restorations. After a thorough examination, diagnosis and treatment plan, the existing restorations were removed, and a defect‐oriented preparation was done to preserve as much as possible of the remaining tooth structure. Final partial and full coverage lithium disilicate restorations were delivered. After a 10‐year follow‐up no biological complications were observed. Nevertheless, one major chipping was observed in one of the upper molars. This technical complication was resolved with the fabrication of a new ceramic restoration.ConclusionLithium disilicate ceramic posterior full‐ or partial‐coverage restorations are a reliable and predictable treatment option not only for the replacement of tooth structure lost due to caries but also for the replacement of insufficient restorations.Clinical SignificanceThe following key factors are to be considered to pursue long‐term success with ceramic restorations: patient selection, minimal invasive tooth preparation, appropriate material selection and cementation. Nevertheless, complications are to be expected, and the patient should be informed accordingly.
Power Plays in the Eastern Mediterranean And the Decline of US‐Turkey Relations
Authors: Şahin Devrim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the summer of 2020, Turkey and Greece deployed naval vessels in the contested eastern Mediterranean waters, which led first to a standoff and eventually a collision. Soon after, a US warship arrived at Crete. While this move should have been intended to calm tensions between the two historical rivals, some observers saw this as a show of support for Greece, marking a significant shift from the traditional American role of mediator. This article examines the US responses to gas exploration and other disputes in the eastern Mediterranean, including the Greek‐Turkish divide over Cyprus. It argues that Washington's tilt toward Athens has been pushing Ankara to deepen its economic, diplomatic, and even military relations with Moscow. The United States could rebalance with Turkey and drive a wedge between it and Russia, for instance through incorporating its NATO ally into strategies for reducing Europe's reliance on President Vladimir Putin for energy resources. But if the current zero‐sum approach persists, Turkey is likely to continue to look east—which is not in the American interest.
Democratic interventionists versus pragmatic realists: Employing the advocacy coalition framework to explain Obama's shift in multilateralism with European allies
Authors: Haar Roberta N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research employs the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to examine two coalitions of U.S. foreign policy during the early part of Barack Obama's presidency when U.S. policy shifted from leading multilateral security operations with European allies to catalyzing others to lead. It identifies the primary members of two coalitions, the Democratic Interventionists and the Pragmatic Realists, who held differing beliefs about U.S. foreign policy. I investigate the beliefs of the members of these coalitions regarding the U.S. role in multilateral security operations, the policy preferences that emerge from those beliefs, the many strategies employed to ensure the adoption of their policy preferences, and the impact of the implemented policy. The ACF facilitates consideration of the strategy, means, and settings that the Pragmatic Realist coalition used to win the policy debate in the Obama administration. This article further provides a greater understanding of the circumstances that support U.S. multilateralism.Related ArticlesDolan, Chris J. 2008. “The Shape of Elite Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy, 1992 to 2004.” Politics & Policy 36(4): 542–85. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00121.x/abstract.Haar, Roberta N., and Lutz F. Krebs. 2021. “The Failure of Foreign Policy Entrepreneurs in the Trump Administration.” Politics & Policy 49(2): 446–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12399.Lasher, Kevin J., and Christine Sixta Rinehart. 2016. “The Shadowboxer: The Obama Administration and Foreign Policy Grand Strategy.” Politics & Policy 44(5): 850–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12175.
Using the sociopolitical motive × intergroup threat model of intergroup relations to understand opposition to policies that promote social equality
Authors: Ho Arnold K. , Kteily Nour S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the last several decades, social psychologists have identified several social and political motives that undergird conflict between groups (e.g., racial group conflict), and the conditions under which individuals holding these motives are most likely to oppose policies that promote greater equality between groups. In the current article, we introduce a framework that integrates these insights—the sociopolitical motive × intergroup threat model of intergroup relations—and leverage the model to help advocates for social equality identify likely sources of opposition to or support for their initiatives. By understanding the psychological motives that lead individuals to oppose or support policies that promote social equality, policymakers may be better positioned to craft and communicate policies in a manner that benefits and appeals to as many constituents as possible.
A sex‐dependent algorithm including kappa free light chain for multiple sclerosis diagnosis
Authors: Maroto‐García Julia , Mañez Minerva , Martínez‐Escribano Ana , Hachmaoui‐Ridaoui Ahlam , Ortiz Carmen , Ábalos‐García Carmen , Gónzález Inmaculada , García de la Torre Ángela , Ruiz‐Galdón Maximiliano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis includes the presence of restricted oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but it has several limitations, as it is an observer‐dependent time‐consuming technique and offers a dichotomous result. Thus kappa free light chains (KFLC) have emerged as a quantitative alternative. However, the cut‐off values for KFLC have not been well established yet and it is not clear if differences between sexes exist. We aim to evaluate these and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of KFLC concentrations and their related indexes versus OCB. For that purpose, paired CSF and serum samples were collected and immediately processed for albumin, total protein, immunoglobulins and OCB, then frozen at −20°C. KFLC was measured in a BN II (Siemens Healthineers, Germany). KFLC‐derived indexes were calculated. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), Youden's index and odds ratio. From the 193 patients included, 56 were classified as MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. K‐index, Q KFLC and Reiber's diagram showed good accuracy in MS diagnosis when studied distinguishing between sexes, similar to OCB. Cut‐offs for K‐index and Q KFLC change substantially between sex having the highest AUC similar than OCB. A sex‐dependent algorithm combining the use of K‐index, Q KFLC and OCB yields the highest diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, CSF KFLC measurement is a rapid, quantitative and easy‐to‐standardize tool that used through the proposed sex‐dependent algorithm may reduce the number of manual OCB tests performed.
Social media quality in undergraduate medical education: A reconceptualisation and taxonomy
Authors: Guckian Jonathan , Edwards Sarah , Rees Eliot L. , Burford Bryan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial Media (SoMe) as a learning tool, though ubiquitous in society and popular within medical education, is often criticised as superficial. Its limitless output has been blamed for encouraging shorter attention spans and shirking in‐depth reflection. The evidence base is itself superficial and lacking rigour or meaning. We aimed to consider a theoretical basis for how ‘quality’ learning may happen on such platforms. Our findings then informed the construction of a taxonomy for SoMe learning.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative interview study of United Kingdom (UK) medical students using a theory‐informed inductive study design. The research question was: ‘How do medical students conceptualise quality of learning on social media?’. We purposively sampled participants from responses to a short survey collecting demographic and SoMe usage data. Interview data were analysed using framework analysis and informed by Blooms taxonomy, connectivism and communities of practice (CoP) theories.ResultsWe received survey responses from 118 medical students across 25 UK medical schools. From these, 13 participants were recruited to individual semi‐structured interviews. We constructed three themes through framework analysis of interview data: cognitive hacking, professional identity reflection and safety, control and capital.DiscussionQuality SoMe learning may be conceptualised as a socially connected process, built upon constantly evolving networks but inexorably influenced by fluctuating hierarchy within learner‐centric CoP. Educators and institutions may support high‐quality learning for students through engagement which promotes community development, and safe, listening environments which foster professional identity formation.
Exploring clinician perspectives of systems‐based practice: A physician training challenge
Authors: DeWaters Ami L. , Banerjee Somalee , Bruce James , Cooney Rob , Ellison Halle B. , Haidet Paul , Mazotti Lindsay , Reilly James B. , Gonzalo Jed D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionSystems‐based practice (SBP) has been a competency in US graduate medical education for over 20 years, but it is not well implemented. SBP is loosely defined as physician's responsiveness to the larger system of healthcare. The aim of this study was to describe healthcare professionals' perspectives regarding: (1) their knowledge and beliefs about SBP and (2) their beliefs regarding factors in clinical learning environments (CLE) that facilitate or hinder operationalisation and learning of SBP.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted between November 2020 and April 2021 with 42 individuals from four health systems. Participants were healthcare professionals involved in graduate medical education, including physicians and interprofessional clinicians (e.g., nursing staff). Interviews were transcribed and coded using a social constructivist, codebook thematic analysis approach and themes were agreed upon through discussion amongst the research team.ResultsFive themes were constructed: (1) SBP remains a challenge to define, (2) SBP may be intuitively understood, particularly when framed at the microsystem level, (3) SBP aligns with the Health Systems Science framework, (4) SBP learning must be intentionally integrated into the CLE, through training such as onboarding and (5) multidisciplinary settings and work processes are critical to engage in SBP. Workload compression is a barrier to SBP implementation.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals highlighted that current CLEs are not designed to prioritise SBP. Graduate medical education programmes may benefit from focusing systems content at the microsystem level and purposefully integrating onboarding procedures, clinical settings and rotations specifically designed to teach SBP into their residencies.
Evaluating a novel clinical reasoning tool for physical therapy students: A pilot study
Authors: Kargela Mallory A. , Woodhouse Linda J. , Durning Steven J. , Jensen Gail M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis paper explores the use of the Anticipate‐Plan‐Pause Clinical Reasoning (APP CR) Tool to enhance clinical reasoning (CR) in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students. Current pedagogical methods often inadequately integrate CR abilities in a manner that is both engaging and effective.ApproachDrawing on several theoretical frameworks, the APP CR Tool was integrated into an interactive module for DPT students, aiming to improve CR abilities while reducing cognitive load and stress during high‐stakes simulations. A randomised controlled trial was conducted with nine DPT students, divided into a control group (n = 5) and an intervention group (n = 4). Both groups used an interactive module with case‐based scenarios, but only the intervention group used the APP CR Tool.EvaluationImprovements in CR abilities and reduced stress and cognitive load were observed in both groups. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups. Despite this, a trend toward greater improvements in CR abilities was noted in the intervention group (p = 0.084). Further research is needed to validate these findings and refine the tool.ImplicationsThe APP CR Tool shows potential for enhancing CR in DPT students, although its current application may require refinement to achieve statistically significant results. Educators should consider iterative improvements to the tool and its curriculum integration to better support CR development.
OsbHLH6, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, confers arsenic tolerance and root‐to‐shoot translocation in rice
Authors: Huang Menghan , Liu Yang , Bian Qianwen , Zhao Wenjing , Zhao Juan , Liu Qingpo 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYArsenic (As) is extremely toxic to plants, posing a serious concern for food safety. Identification of genes responsive to As is significative for figuring out this issue. Here, we identified a bHLH transcription factor OsbHLH6 that was involved in mediating the processes of As tolerance, uptake, and root‐to‐shoot translocation in rice. The expression of OsbHLH6 gene was strongly induced after 3 and 48 h of arsenite [As(III)] treatment. The OsbHLH6‐overexpressed transgenic rice (OE‐OsbHLH6) was sensitive to, while the knockout mutant of OsbHLH6 gene (Osbhlh6) was tolerant to As(III) stress by affecting the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and non‐protein thiols (NPT), etc. Knockout of OsbHLH6 gene increased significantly the As concentration in roots, but decreased extensively As accumulation in shoots, compared to that in OE‐OsbHLH6 and WT plants. The transcripts of phytochelatins (PCs) synthetase encoding genes OsPCS1 and OsPCS2, as well as As(III) transporter encoding genes OsLsi1 and OsABCC1 were greatly abundant in Osbhlh6 mutants than in OE‐OsbHLH6 and WT plants under As(III) stress. In contrast, the expression of OsLsi2 gene was extensively suppressed by As(III) in Osbhlh6 mutants. OsbHLH6 acted as a transcriptional activator to bind directly to the promoter and regulate the expression of OsPrx2 gene that encodes a peroxidase precursor. Moreover, overexpression of OsbHLH6 gene resulted in significant change of expression of amounts of abiotic stress‐related genes, which might partially contribute to the As sensitivity of OE‐OsbHLH6 plants. These findings may broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanism of OsbHLH6‐mediated As response in rice and provide novel useful genes for rice As stress‐resistant breeding.
Ontology-Guided Data Sharing and Federated Quality Control With Differential Privacy in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Yhdego Tsegai O. , Wang Hui , Chi Hongmei , Yu Zhibin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The scarcity of measured data for defect identification often challenges the development and certification of additive manufacturing processes. Knowledge transfer and sharing have become emerging solutions to small-data challenges in quality control to improve machine learning with limited data, but this strategy raises concerns regarding privacy protection. Existing zero-shot learning and federated learning methods are insufficient to represent, select, and mask data to share and control privacy loss quantification. This study integrates differential privacy in cybersecurity with federated learning to investigate sharing strategies of manufacturing defect ontology. The method first proposes using multilevel attributes masked by noise in defect ontology as the sharing data structure to characterize manufacturing defects. Information leaks due to sharing ontology branches and data are estimated by epsilon differential privacy (DP). Under federated learning, the proposed method optimizes sharing defect ontology and image data strategies to improve zero-shot defect classification given privacy budget limits. The proposed framework includes (1) developing a sharing strategy based on multilevel attributes in defect ontology with controllable privacy leaks, (2) optimizing joint decisions in differential privacy, zero-shot defect classification, and federated learning, and (3) developing a two-stage algorithm to solve the joint optimization, combining stochastic gradient descent search for classification models and an evolutionary algorithm for exploring data-sharing strategies. A case study on zero-shot learning of additive manufacturing defects demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in data-sharing strategies, such as ontology sharing, defect classification, and cloud information use.
Scale Cooling—A Novel Fractal Cooling Structure for Turbine Vanes
Authors: Chi Zhongran , Wang Longfei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing technology provides the possibility of more efficient turbine cooling structures. In this work, a novel structure for turbine air-cooled vane based on fractal structure, named scale cooling structure, was proposed. Fractal channel arrays are arranged on the leading edge, pressure side, and suction side of the novel vane. The design of the fractal channel units takes into account the internal cooling effect, film cooling effect, manufacturing accessibility of the channels, and adaptability to non-uniform thermal loads. The initiated cooling structure allows for the use of larger wall thickness to improve strength. A parameterized design and automated mesh generation technique based on in-house code was developed for the vanes installed with a scale cooling structure. And typical turbine vanes with impingement-film cooling structure and scale cooling structure were evaluated by both infrared (IR) measurement and conjugate heat transfer (CHT) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Experimental studies have shown that the local overall cooling effectiveness at the leading edge of the scale cooling structure vane is obviously improved compared to the prototype design with impingement-film structure. The consistency between the IR measurements and the CHT CFD results is favorable. It is found that the improvement in cooling performance of scale cooling structure is mainly due to the improvement of film cooling. Its internal cooling relies on enhanced heat transfer at the branching positions of fractal channels. The scale cooling structure is more sensitive to insufficient coolant supply pressure. It is suggested that the entire pressure difference between the cooling air and the mainstream shall be utilized by the scale cooling structure, which can provide sufficient backflow margin while enhancing internal cooling.
Building permits—control of type IV pilus assembly by PilB and its cofactors
Authors: Roberge Nathan A. , Burrows Lori L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Many bacteria produce type IV pili (T4P), surfaced-exposed protein filaments that enable cells to interact with their environment and transition from planktonic to surface-adapted states. T4P are dynamic, undergoing rapid cycles of filament extension and retraction facilitated by a complex protein nanomachine powered by cytoplasmic motor ATPases. Dedicated assembly motors drive the extension of the pilus fiber into the extracellular space, but like any machine, this process is tightly organized. These motors are coordinated by various ligands and binding partners, which control or optimize their functional associations with T4P machinery before cells commit to the crucial first step of building a pilus. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that regulate T4P extension motor function. We discuss secondary messenger-dependent transcriptional or post-translational regulation acting both directly on the motor and through protein effectors. We also discuss the recent discoveries of naturally occurring extension inhibitors as well as alternative mechanisms of pilus assembly and motor-dependent signaling pathways. Given that T4P are important virulence factors for many bacterial pathogens, studying these motor regulatory systems will provide new insights into T4P-dependent physiology and efficient strategies to disable them.
The herpes simplex virus alkaline nuclease is required to maintain replication fork progression
Authors: Mullon Patrick J. , Maldonado-Luevano Emiliano , Mehta Kavi P. M. , Mohni Kareem N. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus is a large double-strand DNA virus that replicates in the nucleus of the host cell and interacts with host DNA replication and repair proteins. The viral 5′ to 3′ alkaline nuclease, UL12, is required for production of DNA that can be packaged into infectious virus. The UL12-deleted virus, AN-1, exhibits near wild-type levels of viral DNA replication, but the DNA cannot be packaged into capsids, suggesting it is structurally aberrant. To better understand the DNA replication defect observed in AN-1, we utilized isolation of proteins on nascent DNA (iPOND), a powerful tool to study all the proteins at a DNA replication fork. Combining iPOND with stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) allows for a quantitative assessment of protein abundance when comparing wild type to mutant replication forks. We performed five replicates of iPOND-SILAC comparing AN-1 to the wild-type virus, KOS. We observed 60 proteins that were significantly lost from AN-1 forks out of over 1,000 quantified proteins. These proteins largely represent host DNA replication proteins including MCM2-7, RFC1-5, MSH2/6, MRN, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. These observations are reminiscent of how these proteins behave at stalled human replication forks. We also observed similar protein changes when we stalled KOS forks with hydroxyurea. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the rate of AN-1 replication fork progression at the single-molecule level. These data indicate that UL12 is required for DNA replication fork progression and that forks stall in the absence of UL12.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a near-ubiquitous pathogen within the global population, causing a lifelong latent infection with sporadic reactivation throughout the life of the host. Within at-risk and immunocompromised communities, HSV-1 infection can cause serious morbidities including herpes keratitis and encephalitis. With the possibility of herpesviruses to evade established antiviral therapies and there being no approved HSV-1 vaccine, there comes a need to investigate potential targets for intervention against infection and subsequent disease. UL12 is the viral 5'–3' exonuclease, which is required for the production of infectious progeny. In this study, we show that in the absence of UL12, viral replication fork progression is abrogated. These data point to UL12 as an attractive target for intervention, which could lead to better clinical outcomes of HSV-1-associated disease in the future.