bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of the effect of concentration of progesterone before artificial insemination on fertility in ovulatory and anovulatory Bos indicus cattle
Authors: Cavalieri J , Gaina C , Hepworth G 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of concentration of progesterone (P4) before artificial insemination (AI) on fertility in ovulatory or anovulatory Bos indicus cattle.DesignRandomised control studyMethodsThe study included 162 heifers and 96 lactating cows. On days −10 to −12, animals were examined using transrectal ultrasound, administered PG and examined for a corpus luteum (CL). Those with a CL were allocated to Experiment 1. On day 0 they were administered an intravaginal progesterone‐releasing device (IVD) containing progesterone (P4) (0.78 g), oestrodiol benzoate (ODB) and either saline or PG to induce high and low circulating P4 concentrations, respectively. Those without a CL were re‐examined on day 0 and those without a CL at both examinations were allocated to Experiment 2. Cows and heifers were treated with an IVD containing P4 at 0.78 g or 1.56 g to induce low or high P4 concentrations, respectively. IVDs were removed on day 7 and PG and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) were administered. Females in oestrus on day 9 were inseminated; others were administered ODB and inseminated 22–26 h later.ResultsGreater concentrations of circulating P4 increased the odds of pregnancy to AI in anovulatory females (P = 0.008), but decreased the odds of pregnancy in one year but not another in ovulatory animals (P × year, P = 0.019).ConclusionManipulating P4 concentrations before AI has the potential to improve pregnancy outcomes to AI in B. indicus females, but treatment may need to vary between animals classified as anovulatory or ovulatory.
Effect of carcase decomposition on the inactivation of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus under northern Australian conditions
Authors: Hunnam J , Duff K , Wingett M , Brayley E , Williamson G 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe control of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) across northern Australia would likely result in animal carcases that will often be inaccessible for disposal. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine whether the natural pH and/or temperature changes that occur within the skeletal muscle and/or body cavities of a decomposing carcase shot and left in situ in this environment would be sufficient to inactivate FMDV.MethodsStudy pigs (n = 30), cattle (6), sheep (6) and goats (8) were shot in one of four locations in Queensland. Carcase temperature and pH and ambient temperature were measured every 15–60 min for up to 46 h in two sites per animal: central (thoracic/abdominal cavity) and peripheral (skeletal muscle) or brain. A target pH ≤ 6.0 at any time and/or a target temperature ≥ 43°C for ≥ 7 h or ≥ 49°C for ≥ 1 h were used as proxies for achievement of FMDV inactivation.ResultsThe target temperature was achieved in only one goat carcase. However, within 16 h of death, the target central and/or peripheral pH was attained in 88–100% of pig, cattle and sheep carcases. Increasing hours since death and death in the late morning/afternoon, relative to the early morning, were positively associated with attaining the target central carcase pH.ConclusionThis preliminary study provided evidence that FMDV inactivation may be achieved in the skeletal muscle and/or body cavities of carcases left under northern Australian conditions, though further work on pH changes in bone marrow are required.
Children with specific language impairment are more likely to reach motor milestones late
Authors: Diepeveen F. Babette , van Dommelen Paula , Oudesluys‐Murphy Anne Marie , Verkerk Paul H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDelayed language development without an obvious cause is considered an isolated developmental disorder and is called specific language impairment (SLI). SLI is probably the most prevalent developmental disorder in childhood with a generally cited prevalence of 7%. This study aimed to investigate whether SLI is always an isolated disorder or if children with SLI also have delayed motor development.MethodsWe used data of an earlier study with a prospective nested case‐control design in which developmental data were collected from child health care files. Cases were children (4–11 years) with diagnosed SLI. They were matched by sex and date of birth with control children attending mainstream education. Data of both groups on seven gross and six fine motor milestones which had been registered in the Dutch Developmental Instrument between the ages of 15–36 months were retrieved from child health care files.McNemar tests were performed to test for differences in reaching motor milestones at the age norm between the case and control group.ResultsData from 253 children in each group were available. A significant difference was found between both groups in the proportion failing to reach three of the seven investigated gross motor milestones at the age norm (p < 0.05). The proportion of children not reaching the motor milestone at the age norm was significantly higher for five of the six fine motor milestones in children with SLI compared with control children (p < 0.05).ConclusionsMore children with SLI are late in reaching motor milestones than children without SLI. This means that it is debatable whether SLI can be regarded as a “specific” impairment, which is not associated with other developmental problems. A broader developmental assessment is therefore indicated when diagnosing SLI.
Surgery, radiotherapy or a combined modality for jugulotympanic paraganglioma of Fisch class C and D
Authors: Jansen Thijs T. G. , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , Beute Guus N. , Timmers Henri J. L. M. , Marres Henri A. M. , Kunst Henricus P. M. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo identify the risks associated with surgery, radiotherapy or a combined treatment approach for Fisch class C and D jugulotympanic paraganglioma, in order to develop an individualised approach for each patient depending on Fisch class, age, mutation presence, tumour size growth rate and presenting symptoms.DesignA retrospective multicenter cohort study with all patient records of patients with a head and neck paraganglioma in the Radboudumc, Nijmegen and the St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands.Main outcome measuresLocal control, cranial nerve damage, complications, function recovery.ResultsWe found highest local control rates after tumour debulking with postoperative radiotherapy in case of residual tumour growth, referred to as the combined treatment group, (100%; n = 19), which was significantly higher than the surgical group (82%; n = 17; P = 0.00), but did not differ from the radiotherapy group (90%; n = 29). There were significantly less complications in the radiotherapy group, when compared to surgery (63 vs 27%; P = 0.002) and the combined group (44 vs 27%; P = 0.016). Furthermore,: using a logistic regression model, we found that pretreatment tumour growth was a negative predictor for post‐treatment cranial nerve function recovery (OR = 50.178, P = 0.001), reducing the chance of symptom recovery (67.3% vs 35.7%) post‐treatment.ConclusionsRadiotherapy should be the treatment of choice for the elderly. For younger patients, tumour debulking should be considered, with potential radiotherapy in case of residual tumour growth.
Fluoroscopic balloon diameter measurement at different pressures during Eustachian balloon dilation
Authors: Kang Byung Chul , Kang Woo Seok , Park Jun Woo , Park Jung‐Hoon , Kim Kun Yung , Song Ho‐Young , Park Hong Ju 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo measure the diameter of inflated balloons at different pressures during Eustachian tube (ET) balloon dilation under fluoroscopic guidance.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic referral centre.ParticipantsEighteen patients who underwent ET balloon dilation with use of a balloon catheter, 20 mm long and 6 mm in diameter, under combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance.Main outcome measuresDegrees of inflation at three different portions (proximal, middle and distal) of the balloon at controlled pressures (3, 5, 8 and 10 atmospheres [atm]) and at the maximum pressure manually applied.ResultsThe mean proximal, middle and distal diameters of the inflated balloons were 5.3 ± 0.4 mm, 5.3 ± 0.4 mm and 4.9 ± 0.5 mm at 10 atm. The distal diameters were significantly smaller than middle and proximal diameters at all the pressures (P < 0.01). When compared to the distal diameter (100%, 4.9 ± 0.5 mm) at 10 atm, the distal diameters were 73% (3.6 ± 0.6 mm) at 3 atm, 88% (4.3 ± 0.5 mm) at 5 atm and 96% (4.7 ± 0.4 mm) at 8 atm. The distal diameter (4.1 ± 0.3 mm) at the maximum pressure manually applied was in between those at 3 and 5 atm.ConclusionsThe distal diameter of the balloon increased significantly as a function of the pressure and most (88%) inflation occurred at a low pressure of 5 atm, which was sufficient to inflate the distal diameter of the balloon more than 3 mm. The manual pressurisation could inflate a balloon by as much as could be expected, at between 3 and 5 atm.
Services in Developing Economies: The Deindustrialization Debate in Perspective
Authors: Di Meglio Gisela , Gallego Jorge , Maroto Andrés , Savona Maria 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis study contributes to the debate on the premature deindustrialization of developing countries by analysing the contribution of services to aggregate productivity and output growth within a Kaldorian framework. The article revisits Kaldor's Growth Laws and empirically tests them for a number of economic activities, including four service branches across 29 developing economies in Asia, Latin America and sub‐Saharan Africa over three decades (1975–2005). Panel data estimations are complemented by a shift‐share decomposition of labour productivity growth. The findings support the Kaldorian argument for both manufacturing and business services’ contribution to aggregate productivity growth. Conversely, other services slow down aggregate productivity and output growth. The authors suggest qualifying and repositioning the debate on premature deindustrialization within a broader reflection on the opportunities for development linked to structural change. The analysis claims that these opportunities might include not only manufacturing sectors, but also business services.
Expanding the indication of endoscopic papillectomy for T1a ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Kenjiro , Itoi Takao , Sofuni Atsushi , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Tanaka Reina , Tonozuka Ryosuke , Honjo Mitsuyoshi , Mukai Shuntaro , Fujita Mitsuru , Asai Yasutsugu , Matsunami Yukitoshi , Kurosawa Takashi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Nagakawa Yuichi 
Published: August 2018

Background and AimEndoscopic papillectomy (EP) has been attempted not only for benign lesions but also for early ampullary carcinoma (AC). However, there is still no sufficient evidence or consensus regarding the effectiveness of EP for early AC. Herein, we evaluated the expanding indication of EP for early AC.MethodsBetween May 1999 and December 2016, 177 patients were diagnosed with ampullary tumor before undergoing EP, and their clinical and histopathological data were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThere were 27 Tis‐T1a AC patients and four T1b AC patients who underwent EP. Mean tumor size was 14.1 mm for Tis‐T1a AC and 17.0 mm for T1b AC. For the histological grade, 50% (2/4) of T1b AC were moderately differentiated, whereas 96.3% (26/27) of Tis‐T1a AC were well differentiated and papillary. For lymphovascular invasion, one (25%) occurred in T1b AC but none occurred in Tis‐T1a AC. There was no AC recurrence from the date of EP until a maximum of 5 years (Tis‐T1a: mean period 48.5 months [5–60]; T1b: mean period 26.5 months [3–60]).ConclusionsEndoscopic papillectomy is useful and reliable for the curative treatment of T1a AC. Large‐scale prospective studies with long‐term follow up are needed.
Behaviors speak louder than explicit reports: Implicit metacognition in 2.5‐year‐old children
Authors: Geurten Marie , Bastin Christine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent research has shown that children as young as age 3.5 show behavioral responses to uncertainty although they are not able to report it explicitly. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that some form of metacognition is already available to guide children's decisions before the age of 3. Two groups of 2.5‐ and 3.5‐year‐old children were asked to complete a forced‐choice perceptual identification test and to explicitly rate their confidence in each decision. Moreover, participants had the opportunity to ask for a cue to help them decide if their response was correct. Our results revealed that all children asked for a cue more often after an incorrect response than after a correct response in the forced‐choice identification test, indicating a good ability to implicitly introspect on the results of their cognitive operations. On the contrary, none of these children displayed metacognitive sensitivity when making explicit confidence judgments, consistent with previous evidence of later development of explicit metacognition. Critically, our findings suggest that implicit metacognition exists much earlier than typically assumed, as early as 2.5 years of age.
Barriers and facilitators to attendance at Type 2 diabetes structured education programmes: a qualitative study of educators and attendees
Authors: Mc Sharry J. , Dinneen S. F. , Humphreys M. , O'Donnell M. , O'Hara M. C. , Smith S. M. , Winkley K. , Byrne M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsAttendance at structured diabetes education has been recommended internationally for all people with Type 2 diabetes. However, attendance rates are consistently low. This qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of attending and delivering Type 2 diabetes structured education programmes in Ireland and barriers and facilitators to attendance.MethodsPeople with Type 2 diabetes who had attended one of the three programmes delivered in Ireland and educators from the three programmes took part in semi‐structured telephone interviews. Interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsTwelve attendees and 14 educators were interviewed. Two themes were identified in relation to experiences of programme attendance and delivery: ‘Structured education: addressing an unmet need’ and ‘The problem of non‐attendance’. The third theme ‘Barriers to attendance: can't go, won't go, don't know and poor system flow’ outlined how practicalities of attending, lack of knowledge of the existence and benefits, and limited resources and support for education within the diabetes care pathway impacts on attendance. The final theme ‘Supporting attendance: healthcare professionals and the diabetes care pathway’ describes facilitators to participants’ attendance and the strategies educators perceived to be important in increasing attendance.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals have an important role in improving attendance at structured diabetes education programmes. Improving attendance may require promotion by healthcare professionals and for education to be better embedded and supported within the diabetes care pathway.
Health service utilization and related costs attributable to diabetes
Authors: O'Neill K. N. , McHugh S. M. , Tracey M. L. , Fitzgerald A. P. , Kearney P. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsTo estimate the health service use and direct healthcare costs attributable to diabetes using best available data and methods.MethodsA nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥50 years was analysed (n=8107). Health service use in the previous 12 months included the number of general practitioner visits, outpatient department visits, hospital admissions, and accident and emergency department attendances. Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to estimate the associations between diabetes and frequency of visits. Average marginal effects were applied to unit costs for each health service and extrapolated to the total population, calculating the incremental costs associated with diabetes.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 8.0% (95% CI: 7.4, 8.6). In fully adjusted models, diabetes was associated with additional health service use. Compared to those without diabetes, people with diabetes have, on average, 1.49 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.88) additional general practitioner visits annually. Diabetes was associated with an 87% increase in outpatient visits, a 52% increase in hospital admissions and a 33% increase in accident and emergency department attendances (P<0.001). The incremental cost of this additional service use, nationally, is an estimated €88,894,421 annually, with hospital admissions accounting for 67% of these costs.ConclusionUsing robust methods, we identified substantially increased service use attributable to diabetes across the health system. Our findings highlight the urgent need to invest in the prevention and management of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Complex interplay of oxidative stress, cytokines, gastrointestinal motility and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Authors: Malik Aastha , Morya Rajesh Kumar , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Rana Satyavati 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress is risk factor in progression of diabetes. It can increase cytokine production via several different mechanisms. Inflammation can affect gut neural apparatus that may lead to dysmotility which may exaggerate occurrence of bacterial overgrowth in intestine. Thus, a study was planned to understand the complex interplay of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, gut motility and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐five T1DM patients and 75 healthy controls were enrolled. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and orocecal transit time (OCTT) were measured using noninvasive glucose and lactulose hydrogen breath tests, respectively. Plasma levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tissue necrosis factor‐alfa (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) were measured in all subjects by ELISA. Oxidative stress and anti‐oxidant parameters were measured by standard methods.ResultsOut of 75 T1DM patients, 36 were males with Mean ± SD age 22.3 ± 5.2 years, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T1DM patients as compared to controls. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly increased (P < 0.001), while reduced glutathione (GSH) significantly decreased (P < 0.01), whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T1DM patients as compared to controls. Positive correlation was observed between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with LPO and negative correlation with GSH. Further, there was positive correlation between LPO and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 & IL‐10). OCTT was delayed and SIBO significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. On comparison of T1DM based on duration of disease, effect of all parameters was more pronounced in disease duration ≥5 years.ConclusionThis study indicates that there is association between hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress (LPO), anti‐oxidants (GSH, SOD and catalase), inflammatory cytokines, gut motility (OCTT), and small intestinal overgrowth in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. This association is intensified as duration of disease increases.
How should resource‐rich countries diversify? Estimating forward‐linkage effects of mining on productivity growth
Authors: Joya Omar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResource‐rich countries willing to diversify their economies are faced with dual policy options; to either develop resource‐based industries, or diversify their economies as a whole and invest into new activities that are not necessarily resource dependent. Not only does the economic theory fail to provide a consensual guidance on this issue but empirical evidence is also lacking. This paper empirically assesses which of these two patterns of diversification is associated with higher productivity growth outcomes for resource‐rich countries. Using panel data for 50 resource‐abundant countries over the period 1970–2010, I find that stronger downstream linkages to mining and extractives do not lead to productivity enhancements. Broadening and diversifying the production structure as a whole offers potential for productivity growth at higher levels of income.
Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high‐risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Ying , Munro‐Kramer Michelle L. , Shi Shenxun , Wang Jing , Zhao Qi 
Published: August 2018

AimHigh‐risk pregnant women with antenatal depression are prone to postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high‐risk pregnant women with medically defined complications.MethodsUsing a randomized controlled trial design, we enrolled 352 pregnant women with obstetrical complications and an Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) ≥9 or postpartum depression screen scale (PDSS) ≥60. These participants were randomly assigned into the intervention group (n = 176) and control group (n = 176). The intervention group underwent a six‐session group intervention with one session focused on the husbands; the control group received the usual care. Participants were assessed at baseline, late pregnancy (≥28 weeks), 3 days and 42 days after delivery with PDSS and EPDS.ResultsAnalysis of variance of repeated measures showed significant differences at each time point between groups. Analysis of the Kruskal‐Wallis test showed that there was no statistically significant differences in the PDSS and EPDS scores at any time point among the high‐risk pregnant women who attended different frequencies of the maternal intervention sessions (P > 0.05). Analysis of the Mann‐Whitney U test showed that the PDSS and EPDS were also not impacted based on whether or not the husbands participated in Session 6 of the intervention (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study highlights the effectiveness of the screening and the targeted management of antenatal depression in Chinese high‐risk pregnant women.