bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on glacial kettle morphology
Authors: Prescott Jillian S. , Zoet Lucas K. , Hansen Dougal D. , Penprase Shanti B. , Rawling J. Elmo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlacial kettles are surficial depressions that form in formerly glaciated terrain when buried stagnant ice melts within pro‐glacial sediments, often deposited by meltwater streams. Kettles, like other glacial landforms, provide insight into the impact of climate on landscape evolution, such as the extent and timing of glaciations. The geometry of kettle features is variable, but existing theory does not explain the range of observed morphologies. Our study aims to establish a quantitative relationship between the depth of ice burial and the resulting morphology of terrain collapse in kettle depressions. To do so, we simulated kettle formation in the laboratory by burying ice spheres of four sizes in well‐sorted coarse sand at four different depths. As the spheres melt at room temperature, a glacial kettle analog forms at the surface. We scanned the resulting kettle topography with a portable LiDAR scanner to produce 3D digital elevation models of each depression, from which we measured each depression's depth and width and, in one instance, the time series of kettle formation. Using this data, we quantified the relationship between the sphere diameter, burial depth and resulting dimensions of the kettle by developing a set of equations, which we then applied to full‐scale features. Our results indicate that ice burial deeper than one sphere diameter corresponds to a decrease in depression depth and an increase in depression width. This application offers insight into the interdependence of ice burial depth and kettle geometry.
Assessing open‐access digital elevation models for hydrological applications in a large scale plain: Drainage networks, shallow water bodies and vertical accuracy
Authors: Golin Ailé Selenne , Páez Campos Hugo Ramiro , Guevara Ochoa Cristian , Dávila Claudia Fernanda , Vives Luis Sebastián 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated six open‐access digital elevation models (DEMs) for the Del Azul Creek Basin in the Argentine Chaco‐Pampean Plain: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array L‐Band Synthetic Aperture Radar, TerraSAR‐X Add‐On for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM‐X), NASADEM Global DEM, Forest and Building height biases were removed from Copernicus GLO 30 DEM V1‐0 (FABDEM), and TanDEM‐X 30 m Edited DEM (EDEM). Statistical metrics were calculated for (i) residuals between DEMs and the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2); (ii) the minimum distance between DEM‐derived drainage networks and those from the Buenos Aires Provincial Water Authority; and (iii) DEM‐derived slopes in shallow water bodies compared with the Joint Research Centre's Global Surface Water Mapping product. Analyses were performed for four elevation and seven slope bands. TanDEM‐X had the smallest errors compared to ICESat‐2 (median 0.19 m, NMAD 0.38 m), followed by FABDEM (median 0.31 m, NMAD 0.23 m). EDEM performed best in drainage networks (median 99.45 m, NMAD 117.16 m), followed by FABDEM. In general, the vertical error increased with elevation and the accuracy of the drainage network estimates improved. The vertical accuracy decreased with steeper slopes, with FABDEM performing the best across all slope ranges. FABDEM exhibited the best performance in determining seasonally dispersed shallow water bodies, demonstrating its overall usefulness for hydrological applications in large‐scale plains characterized by aeolian geoforms of lowland accumulation and erosion. Assessing freely available products provides valuable resources for researchers and professionals and can guide decision making for managing hydrological resources, including flood risk and infrastructure development.
Media Tone: The Role of News and Social Media on Heterogeneous Inflation Expectations
Authors: Heikkinen Joni , Heimonen Kari 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the role of media tone on inflation expectations. Examining the relationships between news and the inflation expectations of various US demographic groupings, we find that traditional news influences older cohorts, whereas social media news align more closely with the expectations of younger and more educated groups. Interestingly, social media correspond more closely than traditional news with the expectations of professional forecasters. Our analysis shows that media influences can persist for longer than a year, highlighting the importance of historical inflation data and the gradual adaptation of new information. Additionally, we find that separate media tones for specific news topics such as “Inflation & Fed” and “Healthcare Costs” resonate differently across demographic groups. These insights highlight the nuanced role of media in shaping inflation expectations across demographic segments.
The Bias of the ECB Inflation Projections: A State‐Dependent Analysis
Authors: Granziera Eleonora , Jalasjoki Pirkka , Paloviita Maritta 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe test for state‐dependent bias in the European Central Bank's inflation projections. We show that the Eurosystem/European Central Bank (ECB) tends to underpredict when the observed inflation rate at the time of forecasting is higher than an estimated threshold of 1.8%. The bias is most pronounced at intermediate forecasting horizons. This suggests that inflation is projected to revert towards the target too quickly. These results cannot be fully explained by the persistence embedded in the forecasting models or by errors in the exogenous assumptions on interest rates, exchange rates, or oil prices. The state‐dependent bias may be consistent with the aim of managing inflation expectations, as published forecasts play a central role in the ECB's monetary policy communication strategy.
Effects of tannin‐tolerant lactic acid bacteria in combination with tannic acid on the fermentation quality, protease activity and bacterial community of stylo silage
Authors: Guo Xiang , Chen Dandan , Huang Peishan , Gao Lin , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Qing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDProteolysis during ensiling primarily occurs due to undesirable microbial and plant protease activities, which reduce the protein supply to ruminant livestock and cause a series of environmental problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the tannin‐tolerant lactic acid bacterium strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 4 (LABLP4) in combination with tannic acid (TA) on protein preservation in stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) silage. The stylos were either ensiled without additives (control) or treated with LABLP4 (106 colony‐forming units per gram of fresh matter), 1% (fresh matter basis) TA, 2% TA, LABLP4 + 1% TA and LABLP4 + 2% TA. Fermentation quality, protein composition, protease activity and bacterial diversity were determined at 3, 7, 14 and 31 days of ensiling.RESULTSThe combination of LABLP4 and TA decreased the pH, coliform bacteria count, non‐protein nitrogen, ammonia‐nitrogen (NH3‐N) content and protease activities (P < 0.05) and increased the true protein content (P < 0.05) compared to the control. LABLP4 + TA led to a lower pH and NH3‐N content than LABLP4 or TA alone (P < 0.05). On the last day (31 days) of ensiling, LABLP4 + TA increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactiplantibacillus (P < 0.05), except for the LABLP4 treatment, and decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe combination of tannin‐tolerant LABLP4 and TA effectively improved the fermentation quality of stylo silage and reduced protein degradation by altering the bacterial community structure. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Approaches to Increase Early Detection and Positive Biopsy Rate of Nasal Natural Killer/T‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Dong Yi , Zhou Bing , Cui Shunjiu , Huang Qian , Sun Yan , Liu Yunfu , He Xiaojin , Han Huijun 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo develop methods for early detection of natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (nasal NKTL) and to evaluate the use of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements from diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for selecting biopsy sites to enhance the positive biopsy rate.MethodsThe clinical data of 32 cases of nasal NKTL were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Cases were graded from 1 to 5 based on endoscopic and imaging findings. Biopsy methods included the superficial forceps method and deep incisional method. Data recorded included biopsy method, time to confirmed diagnosis, number of biopsies required, and ADC values of biopsy sites.ResultsBoth endoscopic and MRI lesion severity did not affect biopsy outcomes (p = 0.8248, 0.7571). The deep incisional biopsy method had a significantly higher probability of yielding positive pathological results compared to the superficial clamping method [OR (95% CI) = 23.2143 (6.0448, 89.1513) (χ2 = 26.1089, p < 0.0001)]. The ADC value at the site with a positive biopsy result is significantly lower than at the site with a negative result (p = 0.0003). The diagnostic threshold for ADC value to predict a positive biopsy result was 0.603 × 10−3 mm2/s, with a Youden index of 0.43.ConclusionsNasal NKTL has distinct characteristics distinguishing it from sinusitis and other tumors. Deep incision biopsy under general anesthesia is superior to the superficial method. The location of the positive sampling site can be guided by measuring the ADC value, and the optimal diagnostic threshold of this proposed method is 0.603 × 10−3 mm2/s.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
ERAP1 Gene Variants and Haplotypes Associated With Psoriasis Vulgaris of Han Chinese in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Li Xin , Bao Jia , Ai Liya , Yang Fan‐Rui , Yu Bo , Huang Yan‐Ping , Li Na , Ding Wen‐Yuan , Sun Zhi‐Qiang , Lv Xin‐Xiang , Han Jian‐Wen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants of ERAP1 (OMIM: 606832) and psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) susceptibility in Inner Mongolia Han nationality.MethodsFor primary screening, the subjects included 142 PsV cases and 100 healthy controls without psoriasis. The 27 exons of ERAP1 gene were sequenced to screen significant genetic variants. For the validation study, the subjects included 1030 PsV cases and 965 healthy controls. A total of 18 mutations were detected for genetic variants of significance in primary screening and previously reported genetic variants.ResultsIn primary screening stage, 13 genetic variants of ERAP1 showed an association with psoriasis. A total of 18 genetic variants were typed for the validation, and 12 genetic variants were associated with PsV in Inner Mongolia Han population. Stratified analysis showed significant differences in the allele frequencies of 8 ERAP1 genetic variants in cases with positive family history, and significant differences in allele frequencies among 9 ERAP1 genetic variants in patients with negative family history. A risk haplotype (TCCCTCCAGACC) was significantly associated with PsV, and the most risk haplotype was E730/K528/R127/E56.ConclusionERAP1 gene mutation may be associated with PsV and HLA‐C*06:02 in Han nationality in Inner Mongolia. A risk haplotype of four‐nonsynonymous mutation (E730/K528/R127/E56) is associated with PsV.
A SPH Model Bridging Solid‐ and Fluid‐Like Behaviour in Granular Materials
Authors: Wang Yadong , Wu Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model bridging the gap between solid‐ and fluid‐like behaviour observed in granular materials. The key innovation of the proposed approach lies in the decomposition of the stress gradient into rate‐independent and rate‐dependent parts, which are governed by the hypoplastic and constitutive relations, respectively. By using the proposed approach, we successfully capture the transition between solid‐ and fluid‐like flow regimes in granular materials. The proposed SPH scheme is rigorously validated through the examination of various boundary value problems, including the collapse of a granular column, Taylor–Couette flow, and silo flow.
Relationships Between Burnout and Neuroticism Among Emergency Department Nurses: A Network Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yinjuan , Sun Jicheng , Wu Chao , Ma Zhujing , Shen Chao , Hu Wendong , Lang Hongjuan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimAlthough neuroticism has a negative impact on burnout among healthcare workers, there is little research exploring the specific interactions between different components of burnout and neuroticism. This study aims to investigate this relationship among nurses in Emergency Departments (ED) through network analysis method (NAM).DesignA cross‐sectional investigative survey was conducted.MethodsA total of 408 Chinese nurses were recruited from ED of five hospitals in 2023 through Questionnaire Star. Components of burnout were measured by the 15‐item Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS), while components of neuroticism were measured by a subscale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire‐Revised, Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ‐RSC) questionnaire. NAM was applied to build relationship between components of burnout and neuroticism and identify the bridge expected influence (BEI).ResultsWithin burnout‐neuroticism network, the relations between the components of burnout and neuroticism were mainly positive. Nt5 (‘Anxious’)‐EE1 (‘Exhausted’; weight = 0.281) and Nt5 (‘Anxious’)‐EE5 (‘Breakdown’; weight = 0.280) had stronger connections. Among the neuroticism, Nt5 (‘Anxious’) showed the strongest positive BEI, while Nt12 (‘Guilty’) showed the strongest negative BEI. Feeling anxiety and less guilt conscience in neuroticism were the critical factors to impact burnout of nurses in ED. Awareness of these relationships can help to develop strategies to identify and curtail burnout.Patient or Public ContributionA total of 408 emergency nurses participated in this survey.
Prevalence of Workplace‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Nurses and Midwives in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility: A Descriptive Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Sisala Mohammed Iddrisu , Abdulai Mohammed Hardi , Ibrahim Mudasir Mohammed , Buasilenu Hannah , Baako Issahaka Abdulai , Nyarko Brenda Abena , Wuni Abubakari , Buunaaisie Camillus 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the prevalence of workplace‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among Nurses and Midwives in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Northern Ghana.MethodsThe study utilised a descriptive cross‐sectional study design using the STROBES guidelines. Standardised Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to gather data from 309 nurses and midwives. The selection of respondents was done using a simple random sampling method. The data were analysed using SPSS version 27.0.ResultsFrom the 259 included respondents, 195 (75.3%) experienced WMSDs in the last 12 months. 138 (70.7%) highlighted their low back (lumbar/sacral) as the affected region and 119 (61.0%) indicated experiencing WMSDs during the first 5 years of clinical practice. Key job‐related risk factors contributing to WMSDs development included working in the same positions (such as standing, bending over, sitting, kneeling) for long periods (176 [68.0%]), treating an excessive number of patients in 1 day (142 [54.8%]), continuing to work while injured or hurt (139 [53.7%]), bending or twisting the back in an awkward way (140 [54.1%]) and not enough rest breaks or pauses during the workday (130 [50.2%]). Regarding coping strategies, the most frequently employed method was getting someone else to help handle a heavy patient (83 [42.5%]). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that respondents with fewer than 5 years of experience were markedly more susceptible to reporting WMSDs compared to those with over 10 years of experience (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI [1.03, 13.42], p = 0.043).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of WMSDs among nurses and midwives was high. This study also revealed that the most commonly affected body region was their low back. Working in the same position for long periods was identified as a major occupational risk factor contributing to these disorders. Despite this risk, a significant number of nurses and midwives consistently sought assistance when handling heavy patients. The current study suggests that hospitals should provide comprehensive ergonomic training to healthcare professionals, emphasising proper body mechanics, posture and techniques for patient moving and handling.Patient or Public ContributionPatients or public were not involved in setting the research objectives, the design and preparation of the manuscript. Nurses and midwives working the tertiary hospital answered the research questionnaires.
Implications of Implementing Children's Oncology Group Risk Stratification to Patients With Rhabdomyosarcoma Treated on European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group Clinical Trial
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Haduong Josephine , Zanetti Ilaria , Ferrari Andrea , Chisholm Julia , Heske Christine M. , Hladun Raquel , Jenney Meriel , Merks Johannes Hendrikus Maria , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrognostic factors are crucial in tailoring treatments for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) and the Children's Oncology Group (COG) employ similar prognostic factors, but utilize them differently resulting in diverse stratification systems. This diversity may result in dissimilar treatment approaches for comparable patients and hinder the comparison of clinical trial results.ProcedureWe reclassified 1993 patients enrolled in the EpSSG RMS 2005 and MTS 2008 studies based on the risk stratification used in current EpSSG and COG trials, and compared the type and cumulative doses of chemotherapy recommended to the different risk groups. Alkylating agents were compared using the cyclophosphamide equivalent dose formula. Metastatic RMS with high‐risk features were excluded because no standard recommended treatment exists.ResultsPatients were variably distributed across EpSSG and COG risk stratifications. Notably, 34.2% of EpSSG standard‐risk patients fell into three different COG risk groups (very low, low, and intermediate), and 66.8% of the total population, classified as standard, high, and very high risk by EpSSG, would all be considered intermediate risk by COG. Consequently, only 57.3% of the study population would receive comparable intensive chemotherapy under both EpSSG and COG protocols. Disparities emerged, with 16.5% undergoing more intensive and 17.2% receiving less intensive treatment in COG protocols compared to EpSSG studies.ConclusionsOur study shows the complexities of the current RMS risk stratification systems, emphasizing the need for a global consensus. A unified approach would reduce the risk of disparate treatments for similar patients and facilitate more straightforward cross‐study comparisons.
Self‐healing study of impact damage in carbon fiber/epoxy composites based on hybrid polyamide nanofibers
Authors: Huang Yan , Gan Yu , Luan Yingchao , Cai Haopeng , Liang Luzong , Ren Xiujun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the low‐velocity impact (LVI) response and self‐healing performance of carbon fiber composite laminates (NL) containing staggered hybrid polyamide nanofiber veils. Carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used in many industries, but they are sensitive to LVI damage and there is a lack of research on repair, which restricts their development. In the research, NL samples were prepared, and four impact energies of 6.6, 9.4, 12.2, and 15.0 joules were selected. Ultrasonic C‐scan detection, microscopic observation and mechanical property tests were carried out. The results show that the NL samples have smaller damage areas and degrees, indicating that the veils enhance the impact resistance; the damage repair efficiencies of the NL samples at different energies are 48.3%, 36.2%, 29.7% and 16.8% respectively; when the impact energy is lower than 13.9 J, the flexural strength of the repaired NL samples can be restored to more than 80% of the original strength. These results are of great significance. The improvement of the impact resistance of composites by hybrid polyamide nanofibers can solve the problem of CFRP's sensitivity to LVI damage, and the self‐healing ability provides a new approach to damage treatment, having broad application prospects in aerospace, shipbuilding and other industries.Highlights
Hybrid veils enhance impact toughness, reducing damage area and severity.
Veils enable self‐healing, repair impact damage, and enhance reusability.
Repair efficiency is higher at lower impact energy levels.
Nylon/large‐tow carbon fiber‐wrapped yarn composites with improved interfacial shear and impact strength
Authors: Zhang Peng , Qi Xiaoming , Lu Xin , Mei Xiaotong , Jiang Yuhao , Dong Yubing , Ni Qingqing , Fu Yaqin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHybrid fiber‐reinforced composites uniquely address the performance limitations of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs). In this study, continuously wrapping large tow CF (48 K) with low‐cost nylon was proposed to create nylon‐CF core‐spun yarns (NCCYs). Unidirectional nylon‐CF/epoxy composites (NCFECs) were successfully fabricated using NCCYs as hybrid fiber reinforcement. The nylon wrapping on the CF significantly enhanced the energy absorption and dispersion of the CFRPs, thereby improving the impact strength. The measured impact strength of the NCFECs was 108.7 kJ/m2, which was 70.4% greater than that of the corresponding CF/epoxy composite (63.8 kJ/m2) with the same CF content. Additionally, NCCYs exhibited an excellent interfacial shear strength of 35.3 MPa, representing a 73.9% increase compared to that of the large tow CF (20.3 MPa). This study developed NCFECs using a simple and low‐cost process to produce advanced composites, providing an innovative manufacturing strategy for CFRPs with high impact resistance.Highlights
The NCCYs are prepared by using the wrapping technology.
The structure of the wrapped yarns endows the NCCYs with high interfacial shear.
The nylon fiber layer gives NCFECs higher impact strength.
MXene–CF synergy to improve tribological properties of epoxy resin/carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile
Authors: Pei Xianqiang , He Wenfang , Zhang Zhancheng , Wang Rongmin , Zhang Yaoming , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe use of hybrid fillers provides a new route for improving the friction and wear properties of polymer composites due to their synergistic effect. In the present study, a two‐dimensional derivative of MAX phases (MXene) was loaded onto the surface of carbon fiber (CF) and used as reinforcement to modify the tribological properties of epoxy resin (EP) composites. The latter were tested on a plate‐on‐ring contact configuration as a function of load and sliding speed with reference to composites filled with single carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN), MXene and CF. It was revealed that, when MXene and CF were incorporated simultaneously into EP/CTBN, the composite's friction coefficient and wear rate were reduced by 55.8% and 96.6% compared to those of EP/CTBN matrix. The mechanisms underlying this improvement are discussed based on a thorough analysis of the morphology of the worn surface and the chemical composition of transfer films. As a result, synergistic interaction between MX@CF and the rubber phase was revealed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.