bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of cognitive impairment on pain assessment and management in the emergency department: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jones Joshua , Sim Tin Fei , Parsons Richard , Hughes Jeff 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo quantify the impact of cognitive impairment on pain assessment and management practices in the ED.MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional study of patient records was conducted for all elderly patients (65 years or older) who presented to the ED of a large Western Australian tertiary hospital with a fracture because of a fall between 6 February and 14 December 2015. Of 327 records identified, 318 were suitable for data extraction. Of these, 120 patients had a cognitive impairment. Primary outcome measures were the method and frequency of pain assessment, and the delay to the administration of a pain intervention after pain was first assessed for patients with and without a cognitive impairment.ResultsPatients with a cognitive impairment were less likely to have their pain assessed with a standardised pain assessment tool (55% vs 91.4%, P < 0.001), and 9.4 times more likely to have their pain assessed using ad hoc assessments only (95% confidence interval 4.6–19.1). The median time between ED presentation and a patient's first pain assessment was longer for patients with cognitive impairment (28 vs 17 min; P < 0.001), as was the time between repeat assessments (81 vs 62 min; P < 0.004). The median times to receive a pain intervention following pain assessment were 51 and 50 min for cognitively intact and impaired patients, respectively (P = 0.209, after adjustment for the first pain score).ConclusionPain is inadequately and inappropriately assessed for elderly patients with a cognitive impairment in the ED, resulting in delays in initiation of pain management.
Long non‐coding RNAs play regulatory roles in acetaminophen‐induced liver injury
Authors: Zheng Jian Xin , Tang Yuan Jia , Yang Tai Hua , Qin Tian , Liu Jin Chuan , Gu Xiang Qian , Xue Feng , Xia Qiang 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the expression profile and role of hepatic long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in acetaminophen‐induced liver injury mouse model by analyzing lncRNA‐mRNA co‐expression.MethodsSerum aminotransferase, liver pathology and inflammatory cells were analyzed in mice model at different time points after treated with acetaminophen 300 mg/kg. High‐throughput RNA sequencing was performed to investigate hepatic expression profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA) and lncRNA. The relationship between the lncRNA and mRNA was delineated by the co‐expression network using Cytoscape software. Differential mRNAs co‐expressed with lncRNAs were analyzed using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment. Differential mRNAs and lncRNAs were selected for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction validation, and the conservation of lncRNA between human and mouse was analyzed.ResultsLiver injury was more severe at 24 hours than at 6 hours. There was a substantial infiltration of monocytes instead of neutrophil and Kupffer cells at 24 hours compared with 6 hours. The mRNAs co‐expressed with the differential lncRNAs at 24 vs 6 hours were mainly enriched in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK and PPAR signaling pathways. The co‐expression network delineated with four lncRNAs and 94 mRNAs presented the core position of lncRNA in the network. A conservation analysis indicated that four differential mouse lncRNAs (NONMMUT023651.2, NONMMUT029382.2, NONMMUT029383.2 and NONMMUT102053.1) could all be mapped to the relevant human lncRNAs.ConclusionFour lncRNAs may play regulatory roles through metabolic and apoptosis‐related pathways during hepatic homeostasis maintenance and repair progress.
Food processing and occupational respiratory allergy‐ An EAACI position paper
Authors: Jeebhay Mohamed F. , Moscato Gianna , Bang Berit E. , Folletti Ilenia , Lipińska‐Ojrzanowska Agnieszka , Lopata Andreas L. , Pala Gianni , Quirce Santiago , Raulf Monika , Sastre Joaquin , Swoboda Ines , Walusiak‐Skorupa Jolanta , Siracusa Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOccupational exposure to foods is responsible for up to 25% of cases of occupational asthma and rhinitis. Animal and vegetable high‐molecular‐weight proteins present in aerosolized foods during food processing, additives, preservatives, antioxidants, and food contaminants are the main inhalant allergen sources. Most agents typically cause IgE‐mediated allergic reactions, causing a distinct form of food allergy (Class 3 food allergy). The allergenicity of a food protein, allergen exposure levels, and atopy are important risk factors. Diagnosis relies on a thorough medical and occupational history, functional assessment, assessment of sensitization, including component‐resolved diagnostics where appropriate, and in selected cases specific inhalation tests. Exposure assessment, including allergen determination, is a cornerstone for establishing preventive measures. Management includes allergen exposure avoidance or reduction (second best option), pharmacological treatment, assessment of impairment, and worker's compensation. Further studies are needed to identify and characterize major food allergens and define occupational exposure limits, evaluate the relative contribution of respiratory versus cutaneous sensitization to food antigens, evaluate the role of raw versus cooked food in influencing risk, and define the absolute or relative contraindication of patients with ingestion‐related food allergy, pollinosis, or oral allergy syndrome continuing to work with exposure to aerosolized food allergens.
Four years' experience of a ROTEM®‐guided algorithm for treatment of coagulopathy in obstetric haemorrhage
Authors: McNamara H. , Kenyon C. , Smith R. , Mallaiah S. , Barclay P. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe report four years of observational data from a large UK hospital and tertiary referral unit, following the introduction of a rotational thromboelastometry‐guided algorithm for treatment of coagulopathy in major obstetric haemorrhage. Fibrinogen concentrate was used to treat acquired hypofibrinogenaemia as defined by a FibTEM A5 value of < 7 mm, or 7–12 mm with ongoing or high risk of haemorrhage. Of 32,647 deliveries over 4 years, 893 (2.7%) women had an estimated blood loss ≥ 1500 ml. Two‐hundred and three (23%) of these had a FibTEM A5 ≤ 12 mm and 110 received fibrinogen concentrate. We compared clinical outcomes and blood product use with 52 patients who met the same criteria, over a 12‐month pre‐intervention period during which shock packs were used. In the algorithm group, there was a significant reduction in the number of units (p < 0.0001) and total volume (p = 0.0007) of blood products transfused, with a reduction in transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (p = 0.002). Women with placental abruption exhibited more severe coagulopathy and required higher doses of fibrinogen concentrate than women who bled due to other causes. Analysis of rotational thromboelastometry results demonstrated that coagulopathy is not observed in all women who suffer obstetric haemorrhage and cannot be predicted solely by blood loss. Therefore, formulaic treatment with blood products is not justified. When coagulopathy does occur, it appears to be multifactorial and can be severe. Point‐of‐care testing allows early identification and individualised treatment of coagulopathy. This is supported by the improved outcomes reported.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis found significant risk of brain injury and neurosurgery in alert children after a post‐traumatic seizure
Authors: Zanetto Lorenzo , Da Dalt Liviana , Daverio Marco , Dunning Joel , Frigo Anna Chiara , Nigrovic Lise E. , Bressan Silvia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the frequency of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on neuroimaging and the need for emergency neurosurgery in children with normal mental status following a post‐traumatic seizure (PTS).MethodsWe searched six electronic databases from inception to October 15, 2018, to identify studies including children under 18 years with head injury and a Glasgow Coma Score of 15 after an immediate PTS. Relevant non‐English articles were translated to determine eligibility.ResultsWe performed random effect meta‐analyses and assessed heterogeneity with I2. The pooled estimate of the frequency of TBI, from seven studies, was 13.0% (95% CI: 4.0–26.1; I2 = 81%). Data on the need of emergency neurosurgery were reported in four studies and the pooled estimate of its frequency was 2.3% (95% CI: 0.0–9.9; I2 = 86%). Two studies reported on children with isolated PTS without any other signs of head injury, representing 0.1% of patients in both studies, for a total of 76 children. Of these, only three had TBI and one underwent neurosurgery.ConclusionChildren with immediate PTS and normal mental status frequently have TBI with a substantial need for neurosurgery. Clinicians should strongly consider neuroimaging for these children, although prolonged observation may be considered for those with isolated PTS.
From tale to reality: Geographical differences in children's flood‐risk perception
Authors: Carone Maria Teresa , Marincioni Fausto 
Published: April 2019

Few studies have approached children's behaviour during flood disasters, and none of them were in Italy. In this study we performed an analysis of flood‐risk perception in children aged between six and 14 years in three Italian regions characterised by diverse typologies of flood phenomena. To perform such an analysis, we collected data using a fictional story which, through identification with the protagonist, allowed for reliable and spontaneous answers from the young respondents. The studied communities were the pilot areas of the European research project LIFE PRIMES, “Preventing flooding RIsks by Making resilient communitiES.” The findings highlighted various expressed behaviours, with some differences between areas. The most unsafe expressed behaviour was “running outside.” Such a reaction becomes proportionally less important from younger to older respondents. The safest expressed behaviour was “reaching a high place,” which appears later in children and becomes more important from younger to older respondents. Not all communities demonstrated a good correlation between those two behaviours and age groups. The analysis suggests the need to implement educational and training activities specifically focused on children's needs during flood emergencies and that take into account the different geographical conditions in which children live.
How Do Young People Become Politically Engaged?
Authors: Wray‐Lake Laura 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite the importance of examining how adolescents and young adults contribute solutions to society's pressing problems, gaps in the literature leave unanswered the question of how young people become politically engaged. Research suggests that youth learn to be political by forming attachments to their communities and accessing opportunities in the settings of their everyday lives. Settings operate as mini‐polities through which youth develop a sense of what it means to be a member of a collective. Meaningful opportunities to practice political skills and behaviors can be fostered in schools and communities, via social media, and through policy change. Historic events, particularly elections, can also influence political attitudes and behaviors in lasting ways. Cultural and contextual variability in experiences, access to opportunities, and reactions to historic events shape youth's political developmental pathways. Research that is developmentally and culturally informed and that uses rigorous study designs can identify more effectively what determines the formation and growth of youth political engagement.
Phenotypic diversity and glucocorticoid sensitivity in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2
Authors: Resende Ana Teresa Prata , Martins Clarissa Silva , Bueno Ana Carolina , Moreira Ayrton Custódio , Foss‐Freitas Maria Cristina , de Castro Margaret 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSummaryFamilial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) is characterized by insulin resistance, adipose atrophy of the extremities and central obesity. Due to the resemblance with Cushing's syndrome, we hypothesized a putative role of glucocorticoid in the pathogenesis of metabolic abnormalities in FPLD2.ObjectiveTo evaluate the phenotypic heterogeneity and glucocorticoid sensitivity in FPLD2 patients exhibiting the p.R482W or p.R644C LMNA mutations.Design, patients and measurementsProspective study with FPLD2 patients (n = 24) and controls (n = 24), who underwent anthropometric, body composition, metabolic profile and adipokines/cytokine plasma measurements. Plasma and salivary cortisol were measured in basal conditions and after 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg of dexamethasone (DEX) given at 23:00 hours. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 11βHSD isoforms expression were assessed by qPCR.ResultsFamilial partial lipodystrophy type 2 individuals presented increased waist and neck circumferences, decreased hip circumference, peripheral skinfold thickness and fat mass. Patients presented increased HOMA‐IR, triglycerides, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐10, and decreased adiponectin and leptin plasma levels. FPLD2 patients showed decreased ability to suppress the HPA axis compared with controls after 0.5 mg DEX. The phenotype was more pronounced in patients harbouring the p.R482W LMNA mutation. GRβ overexpression in PBMC was observed in female patients compared with female controls.ConclusionsFamilial partial lipodystrophy type 2 patients exhibited anthropometric, clinical and biochemical phenotypic heterogeneity related to LMNA mutation sites and to gender. LMNA mutations affecting both lamin A and lamin C lead to more severe phenotype. FPLD2 patients also showed blunted HPA axis response to DEX, probably due to the association of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines with GRβ overexpression leading to a more severe phenotype in female.
Should failure to protect laws include physical and emotional sibling violence?
Authors: Perkins Nathan H. , Barry Johanna E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhysical and emotional sibling violence is a problematic occurrence for many children, adults, and families, yet this form of violence rarely falls within the purview of state laws and policies. Failure to protect laws offer one avenue through which sibling violence can be addressed by holding parents and caregivers accountable for harm that occurs to a child in their custody. This article provides background information on physical and emotional sibling violence as well as a general overview of failure to protect laws in the context of intimate partner violence with particular consideration of these laws in addressing sibling violence. In addition, the role social work practitioners can play in intervening and addressing sibling violence through psychoeducation leading to policy (i.e., failure to act laws) is presented.
The case for embedding researchers in conservation agencies
Authors: Roux Dirk J. , Kingsford Richard T. , Cook Carly N. , Carruthers Jane , Dickson Katrina , Hockings Marc 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough protected areas represent a pivotal response to escalating anthropogenic threats, they face many pressures, inside and outside their boundaries. Amid these challenges, effective conservation is guided by evidence‐based decision making supported by dynamic processes of learning and knowledge exchange. Although different models promote knowledge exchange, embedding research scientists within conservation agencies is best suited to supporting evidence‐based conservation. Based on available literature and our experiences on several continents, we considered the benefits, challenges, and opportunities associated with embedding research scientists within conservation agencies and the research required to better understand the effectiveness of the embedding model for evidence‐based conservation. Embedded researchers provide long‐term commitment to building social capital among academic and nonacademic stakeholders; act as skilled gatekeepers who increase 2‐way flow of knowledge between scientists and managers; attract, coordinate, and support management‐relevant external research projects; drive the design and maintenance of long‐term monitoring; and align their research with information needs. Notwithstanding the many benefits, research capacity of conservation agencies is declining worldwide. A significant challenge is that the values, structures, functions, and effectiveness of the embedding model of knowledge exchange remain poorly evaluated and documented. Also, embedded researchers have to balance their desire for creativity and flexibility with the standardization and quality control required by their public sector agencies; may be perceived as not credible because they are not truly independent of their agency; and have to couple scientific productivity with skills for transdisciplinary research, social facilitation, and stakeholder engagement. Systematic research on embedding and other models of knowledge exchange, across different world contexts, is required to better understand the benefits, costs, and institutional arrangements associated with different models.
Behavioral Operations and Supply Chain Management–A Review and Literature Mapping
Authors: Fahimnia Behnam , Pournader Mehrdokht , Siemsen Enno , Bendoly Elliot , Wang Charles 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBehavioral operations research has proliferated greatly over the decade since its first formal review in 2006. The growth of the field warrants an objective mapping of contributions to the literature and the identification of trends. We conduct a systematic review of the literature of behavioral operations and supply chain management (BOSCM) across eight key operations and supply chain management journals, with publication dates through the end of June 2018. Collected articles are categorized into 12 operations contexts as well as emerging topic considerations. Key research trends, theoretical foundations, and methodological choices are discussed in each context. The results show that supply chain management, inventory management, and procurement/auctions have been the most popular operations contexts for BOSCM researchers. The results of our co‐citation analysis shows that the fundamental research areas that have informed and shaped the field include supply chain risk management, marketing, cognitive psychology, and social psychology. Based on these findings and a survey of the most prolific authors in the field, we discuss possible avenues for future research.
Parallel late ontogeny transformations in contrasting landlocked phenotypes ofSalvelinus malma(Salmonidae) from small volcanic lakes
Authors: Esin Evgeny V. , Markevich Grigorii N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA rapid phenotype deviation is a common population response to atypical environmental conditions in aquatic animals. However, the implications for adaptive specialisation, stochastic segregation and ancestral traits fixation in the stress‐induced phenotype transformation are not clear. Here, we cross‐analyse the populations of commonly fluvial Dolly Varden charrSalvelinus malmamultiply locked in small lakes (<1 km2) throughout Kamchatkan volcanic range to assess the ratio of (non)parallel outcomes of phenotype specialisation under stress conditions. The growth rate and definitive size parameters show a twofold difference in six populations inhabiting the same resource‐poor lakes. An inter‐population comparison revealed a weakly pronounced morphological similarity—no directional vector towards lacustrine lifestyle is detected in body and skull shape. Local morphotypes experiencing random segregation and ancestral fixation processes inherit the unique morphometric, meristic and cranial characteristics. The most ancient populations are characterised by the most paedomorphic exterior and archaic anatomical peculiarities. Parallelism in population structure manifests itself in growth acceleration of some mature or maturing individuals resulting in two distinct size groups with different allometric body proportions. Small fish (50–260 g, average age 6–7 years) feed on invertebrates throughout their life, while the biggest ones (290–780 g, average age 8 years) switch to cannibalism. This transformation does not lead to any inherited sympatric polymorphism. Thus, we did not reveal any common vector of the stress‐induced specialisation; adaptive phenotypes are strongly influenced by the resource dynamics.
Effects of oak root pruning in forest nurseries on potential pathogen infections
Authors: Łakomy Piotr , Kuźmiński Robert , Mucha Joanna , Zadworny Marcin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite the general practice of root pruning, little is known about the potential impact of reducing shoot/root systems of oak seedlings in this way on their future susceptibility to pathogens, for exampleCylindrocarponspp.,Fusariumspp.,Ilyonectriaspp., Pythiumspp.Phytophthoraspp. orRhizoctoniaspp. In this study, root‐pruned and non‐pruned seedlings ofQuercus roburgrown under controlled conditions were inoculated with aggressive and less‐aggressive pathogens. Results indicated, in contrast to our initial assumption, that pathogens significantly reduced lateral root biomass more in non‐pruned seedlings, the extent of the response depending on the pathogens species. In response to pathogen pressure, pruned seedlings tended to attain a higher dry stem mass fraction, but lower dry leaf mass fraction. Pathogens also suppressed leaf mass in total root dry mass fraction (dry leaf mass/total root dry mass ratio, in g × g−1) more in pruned than in non‐pruned seedlings. These results suggest differences in growth between non‐pruned and pruned seedlings in response to pathogen stress. In nurseries, root pruning of oak trees may enhance the reduction in leaf mass in lateral roots mass fraction resulting from pathogen infections, which may decrease seedling quality. It is therefore important to ensure a low level of inoculum of soil‐borne pathogens to minimize the risk of seedling infection.