bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone and Soft-Tissue Biopsies: What You Need to Know
Authors: Charalampopoulos George , Mazioti Argyro , Keramida Kalliopi , Kelekis Alexis , Filippiadis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPercutaneous, image-guided musculoskeletal biopsy, due to its minimal invasive nature, when compared with open surgical biopsy, is a safe and effective technique which is widely used in many institutions as the primary method to acquire tissue and bone samples. Indications include histopathologic and molecular assessment of a musculoskeletal lesion, exclusion of malignancy in a bone/vertebral fracture, examination of bone marrow, and infection investigation. Preprocedural workup should include both imaging (for lesion assessment and staging) and laboratory (including coagulation tests and platelet count) studies. In selected cases, antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered before the biopsy. Core needle biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions has a diagnostic accuracy that ranges from 66 to 98% with higher diagnostic yield for lytic, large-size, malignant lesions and when multiple and long specimens are obtained. Reported complication rates range between 0 and 10% and usually do not exceed 5%, with a suggested threshold of 2%. The purpose of this review article is to illustrate the technical aspects, the indications, and the methodology of percutaneous image-guided bone biopsy that will assist the interventional radiologist to perform these minimal invasive techniques.
Integrated CT–Fluoroscopy Equipment: Improving the Interventional Radiology Approach and Patient Experience for Treatment of Musculoskeletal Malignancies
Authors: Odisio Bruno , Sheth Rahul , Tselikas Lambros , de Baère Thierry , Deschamps Frederic , Yevich Steven 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntegrated CT–fluoroscopy equipment augments the comprehensive approach to the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) malignancy by interventional radiology techniques. As the role of minimally invasive treatment expands to meet the highly variable presentation of MSK malignancy, creative solutions to treatment challenges are required to improve locoregional tumor control and durability of pain palliation. Challenges to effective treatment can often be attributed to a combination of aggressive tumor biology, large size, forbidding location, and adverse vascularity. In these cases, a tailored treatment approach may necessitate the application of multiple interventional radiology (IR) techniques that require different image guidance capabilities. Integrated CT–fluoroscopy equipment provides the means to leverage both imaging modalities within the same procedural setting to facilitate the simultaneous application of multiple synergistic treatments and protective measures. This article examines the potential role of hybrid units in the IR treatment of challenging MSK malignancies as a means to empower a paradigm transition for a more comprehensive and patient-tailored approach.
HIFU for Bone Metastases and other Musculoskeletal Applications
Authors: Anzidei Michele , Bazzocchi Alberto , Gagliardo Cesare , Catalano Carlo , Napoli Alessandro , Scipione Roberto 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a totally noninvasive procedure that has shown promising results in the management of numerous malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Under magnetic resonance or ultrasound guidance, high-intensity ultrasound waves are focused on a small, well-defined target region, inducing biologic tissue heating and coagulative necrosis, thus resulting in a precise and localized ablation. This treatment has shown both great safety and efficacy profiles, and may offer a multimodal approach to different diseases, providing pain palliation, potential local tumor control, and, in some cases, remineralization of trabecular bone. In musculoskeletal field, HIFU received FDA approval for treating bone metastasis, but its application has also been extended to other conditions, such as osteoid osteoma, desmoid tumor, low-flow vascular malformation, and facet joint osteoarthritis. This article illustrates the basic principles of HIFU and its main effects on biologic tissues with particular attention on bone, provides a step-by-step description of the HIFU procedure, and discusses the commonly treated conditions, in particular bone metastases.
Steroids Spinal Injections
Authors: Zini Chiara , Hirsch Joshua , Chandra Ronil , Bellini Matteo , Marcia Stefano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpinal pain is a common condition leading to significant disability and high cost. Spinal injections have been demonstrated to be effective short-term treatments with cost–utility superior to numerous other treatments, including surgical procedures. Appropriate patient selection—based on clinical and imaging finding—and the use of image guidance associated with technical precautions improve the safety and effectiveness of spinal injection and overall patient outcomes.
Percutaneous Treatments of Benign Bone Tumors
Authors: Cazzato Roberto , Gilkison Andrew , Caudrelier Jean , Garnon Julien , Gangi Afshin , Koch Guillaume 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBenign bone tumors consist of a wide variety of neoplasms that do not metastasize but can still cause local complications. Historical management of these tumors has included surgical treatment for lesion resection and possible mechanical stabilization. Initial percutaneous ablation techniques were described for osteoid osteoma management. The successful experience from these resulted in further percutaneous image-guided techniques being attempted, and in other benign bone tumor types. In this article, we present the most common benign bone tumors and describe the available results for the percutaneous treatment of these lesions.
Does the RAM Cannula Provide Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as Effectively as the Hudson Prongs in Preterm Neonates?
Authors: Singh Neetu , McNally Matthew J. , Darnall Robert A. 
Published: November 2018

Objective To compare the level of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered by the RAM cannula system (Neotech, Valencia, CA) with that delivered by a traditional CPAP nasal delivery interface (Hudson prongs; Hudson-RCI, Temecula, CA) in preterm infants with respiratory distress.
Methods This was a crossover intervention study in a convenience sample of preterm infants with respiratory distress requiring treatment with CPAP. We measured the mean intraoral (pharyngeal) pressure, which approximates the applied CPAP level, using both the RAM cannula and Hudson prongs. The primary outcome was a comparison of the differences between the set CPAP levels and the measured intraoral pressures of both delivery systems.
Results We analyzed data from 12 preterm infants with mean (standard deviation) birth weight of 1,225 (405) g and gestational age of 28.4 (2.1) weeks at a median postnatal age of 10 days. The mean difference (95% confidence interval) between the set CPAP level and measured intraoral pressure was −2.45 cm H2O (−3.36, −1.55) with the RAM cannula and +0.40 cm H2O (−0.30, 1.12) with Hudson prongs, p = 0.0002.
Conclusion For given set CPAP pressure level in preterm infants, the RAM cannula system consistently delivers lower pharyngeal pressure (effective CPAP) levels than Hudson prongs.
Improvement of the Gap Adjustment in Total Knee Arthroplasty Using the Posterior Condylar Pre-cut Technique
Authors: Kaneyama Ryutaku , Higashi Hidetaka , Oinuma Kazuhiro , Miura Yoko , Tamaki Tatsuya , Shiratsuchi Hideaki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo provide adequate gaps for knee extension and flexion during total knee arthroplasty, a femoral component placement decreases the extension gap because the posterior capsule tension increases against the protrusion of the posterior part of the femoral component. We thought that the influence of this component on the extension gap depends on the amount of posterior femoral bone resection and the thickness of the posterior femoral components. We hypothesized that less bone resection and a thinner posterior part of the femoral component might avoid these problems. To verify our hypothesis, a 4-mm posterior condylar pre-cut technique and temporary femoral components that were 8 and 4 mm thick in the distal and posterior parts, respectively, were made using the FINE Total Knee System (Teijin-Nakashima Medical Co., Okayama, Japan). After bone resection, the pre-cut trial component was set to the femur, and the bone and component setting gaps were estimated. Seventy-one patients (98 knees) were investigated. The average bone gaps were 17.2/15.0 mm (extension/flexion, after pre-cut), 18.3/16.3 mm (after soft tissue release), and 8.7/12.2 mm (after pre-cut trial setting). After pre-cut trial setting, the extension gap decreased significantly; the amount was 1.6 mm (0–4 mm) on average (p < 0.0001), whereas a change of 3 mm or more occurred in 15 knees (15.3%), which could be problematic. The degree of these changes after component setting could be reduced by using the posterior femoral condylar pre-cut technique. However, the problem of component setting on the extension gap was not completely resolved. To precisely project the intraoperative gap to the ultimate postoperative gap, a posterior small protrusion device such as a pre-cut trial with the pre-cut technique would be necessary.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of the North American Skull Base Society Part 3: The State of Lateral Skull Base Surgery Training in North America
Authors: Patel Neil S. , Gompel Jamie J. Van , Tombers Nicole M. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Optimal management of vestibular schwannoma (VS) demands involvement of an experienced multidisciplinary team. As the number of training programs in neurotology and skull base neurosurgery continues to rise, ensuring that trainees are capable of evidence-based decision-making and treatment, whether microsurgical or radiosurgical, is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study is to characterize the landscape of neurotologic and neurosurgical fellowship training programs in North America, with special reference to VS management.
Methods A 64-item web-based survey assessing VS practice trends was devised by members of the North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) Research Task Force and distributed electronically to NASBS membership via SurveyMonkey as a cross-sectional study. Participation was entirely voluntary and there was no remuneration for survey completion. The survey link was active from November 29 to December 14, 2016.
Results Of 719 members of the NASBS who were emailed a survey link, a total of 57 were returned (8%) completed surveys. Of all respondents, 51 (89%) claimed to have formal training in skull base neurosurgery or neurotology. Thirty-three respondents (65%) were skull base neurosurgeons while the remainder were neurotologists (n = 18; 35%). Institutions with fellowship programs tended to have a higher surgical, radiosurgical, and overall case volume than those with a residency program alone. However, 20% of respondents at institutions with fellowship programs reported evaluating less than 50 new diagnoses of VS per year and 12% reported a surgical case volume of less than 10 cases per year.
Conclusion As the number of skull base training programs expands, it is our duty to ensure that trainees gain sufficient experience to enter independent practice with the ability to exercise informed decision-making and safely perform VS surgery and radiosurgery. In the current training climate, implementing multidisciplinary care models, formalized training requirements, and emerging surgical simulators will support the development of minimum proficiencies in VS care.
Bony Incarceration of the Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Mimicking Rupture
Authors: Barrera Janos , Ryu Jessica , Yao Jeffrey 
Published: November 2018

Background Distal radius fractures are a relatively common injury, and rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) has been known to occur in a small number of nondisplaced distal radius fractures. In contrast, bony incarceration of the EPL tendon is an exceedingly rare occurrence and warrants special attention.
Case Description Here we present a case of bony incarceration of the EPL tendon following distal radius fracture that mimicked tendon rupture. Following EPL release, the patient had improved function and pain in the wrist.
Literature Review We identified three case reports of EPL tendon entrapment following distal radius fracture, and compared and contrasted the clinical features of tendon rupture versus bony entrapment.
Clinical Relevance Our results suggest that both the type of fracture (displaced vs. nondisplaced) and the chronicity of symptoms may provide important diagnostic clues for the hand surgeon managing distal radius fracture patients presenting with EPL dysfunction.
Sustainable hydropower in the 21st century
Authors: Moran Emilio F. , Lopez Maria Claudia , Moore Nathan , Müller Norbert , Hyndman David W. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
North American and European countries built many large dams until 1975, after which both started to abandon a significant part of their installed hydropower because of the negative social and environmental impacts. However, there has been a recent trend of new large hydropower dams being built in developing countries, particularly in megabiodiversity river basins, such as the Amazon, the Congo, and the Mekong. The socioeconomic and environmental damages in these river systems are even greater than the early costs in North America and Europe. This paper discusses how the hydropower sector needs to not only focus on energy production but also, include the negative social and environmental externalities caused by dams and recognize the unsustainability of current common practices.
Functional connectivity in central executive network protects youth against cardiometabolic risks linked with neighborhood violence
Authors: Miller Gregory E. , Chen Edith , Armstrong Casey C. , Carroll Ann L. , Ozturk Sekine , Rydland Kelsey J. , Brody Gene H. , Parrish Todd B. , Nusslock Robin 
Published: November 2018

Significance
There is considerable variability in how people respond to major stressors. Some remain healthy, whereas others deteriorate. Little is known about the brain networks that are involved in shaping these different outcomes, a problem we pursue here. Like previous studies, we find that youth living in neighborhoods with high levels of violence have worse cardiometabolic health than peers from safer communities. Extending this knowledge, we show this connection is absent for youth who display higher connectivity within the brain’s frontoparietal central executive network (CEN), which facilitates efforts of self-control as well as reinterpretation of threatening events and suppression of unwanted emotional imagery. These observations suggest that CEN connectivity may be a neurobiological contributor to resilience.
A corpus approach to the history of Russian po delimitatives
Authors: Eckhoff Hanne Martine 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper illustrates how enriched diachronic treebank data can shed new light on an old and vexed topic, even when that topic is
primarily morphological and semantic in nature rather than syntactic. The topic is the rise of the Russian po
delimitatives, a change seen as crucial in most accounts of the history of Russian aspect, since it represents a major step in
generalising the derivational aspect system. Earlier accounts concur that the po delimitatives spread fairly
recently, too recently for the development to be connected to the loss of the aorist tense, which also had delimitative readings
with atelic verbs. Using treebank data from the Tromsø Old Russian and Old Church Slavonic Treebank, enriched with tags for
derivational morphology and semantics, I show that the po delimitatives were not marginal even in the earliest
Slavic sources, either in terms of frequency or semantics, and that they first complemented and then competed with the
delimitative aorists. It can thus be claimed that the exotic po delimitatives grew organically out of the old
Indo-European inflectional aspect system.
Text form and grammatical changes in Medieval French
Authors: Simonenko Alexandra , Crabbé Benoît , Prévost Sophie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a treebank-based study of the effect the text form (prose vs. verse) has on the course of two grammatical changes in Medieval French: the loss of null subjects and the loss of OV word order. By means of statistical analysis, we demonstrate that naive estimates of the spread of overt subjects and VO orders give the impression that there is a significant difference between the rates of development in prose vs. verse. By contrast, estimates based on an abstract grammar competition model which distinguishes between grammar-ambiguous surface forms (overt personal subjects, null subjects in coordination contexts) and grammar-unambiguous surface forms (overt expletive subjects, null subjects in non-coordination contexts) show prose-verse parallelism, prose having an earlier change onset, in line with traditional intuitions. At a more general level, these results suggest that the product of the interaction of a particular grammar with universal pragmatic laws is constant, which can be observed if the factors responsible for variation in grammatical choices are controlled for.
Issues on the history of Portuguese in and of Brazil
Authors: Callou Dinah 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is twofold: (i) primarily, to raise questions that will contribute to the discussion of the origins of the Brazilian variety of the Portuguese language and (ii) secondarily, to focus on 3rd person plural agreement in Brazilian Portuguese (os meninos estud
am/
os meninos estud
aØ
– “the boys study”), taking into account the hypotheses that Brazilian Portuguese (BP) may have its roots in European Portuguese (EP) or may be the effect of intense linguistic contact, by irregular linguistic transmission. The position argued is that there is not only one history, but rather many histories of Brazilian Portuguese and it is necessary to relate linguistic to social data and observe demographic characteristics from place to place.
Portuguese and African languages in Mozambique
Authors: Chimbutane Feliciano 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter analyses historical and contemporary sociolinguistic dynamics behind the genesis and diversity of Mozambican Portuguese. Focusing on the situation of contact between Portuguese and African languages, it is shown how the privileged status ascribed to Portuguese has contributed to increasing the proportion of Mozambican citizens who can speak this language, including as a first language. In contrast, the proportion of speakers of African languages as first languages is in decline. The chapter also discusses the heterogenic nature of Mozambican Portuguese and points to some sociolinguistic factors that can be used to explain the development of this emerging variety.
Angolan Portuguese
Authors: Inverno Liliana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Angola is the second largest Portuguese-speaking country in both area and number of inhabitants. Language contact has played an essential role in shaping the country’s past and current sociolinguistic profile, resulting in the development of a partially restructured vernacular, i.e. Angolan Portuguese (henceforth AP). The chapter gives a bird’s-eye view of the present-day language situation in Angola, the linguistic structure of AP and the linguistic, historical and social processes responsible for its development to reflect upon the positioning of AP on the continuum of Afro-Brazilian varieties of Portuguese proposed in Petter (2007, 2008b).
Cabo Verde
Authors: Lopes Amália de Melo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The set of issues discussed in this chapter aims to shed light on the sociolinguistic reality of Cabo Verde, a typical language contact case in which bilingualism and diglossia mark everyday social life. The chapter focuses, particularly, on the relations that speakers have with each of the languages, Cabo Verdean and Portuguese, according to their profiles and their experiences, either in symbolic terms, depending on their evaluation of the social functions of these languages and their usefulness, or in terms of concrete use. These aspects inspire initiatives for clearly defining a language policy for the country.
Directional complements, existential sentences and locatives in the Afro-Brazilian continuum of Portuguese
Authors: Ornelas de Avelar Juanito , Álvarez López Laura 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this chapter, we will focus on two set of changes reported in the literature on African and Brazilian varieties of Portuguese: (i) new uses of prepositions in directional complements of motion verbs and (ii) the emergence of ter (‘to have’) as a prototypically existential verb. Some facts involved in both changes will be presented to argue that there is a single factor responsible for triggering them in African and Brazilian Portuguese varieties: the transference of grammatical properties of phrases interpreted as locative from Bantu languages to Portuguese, with effects on the syntactic behavior of constituents introduced by the preposition em (‘in, at, on’).
The Africa-Brazil continuum
Authors: Petter Margarida Maria Taddoni , Negrão Esmeralda Vailati , Viotti Evani 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses the hypothesis that some impersonal constructions of Brazilian Portuguese and a type of passive of Angolan Portuguese are the outcome of the contact between Classical Portuguese and Bantu languages. This can be taken as possible evidence for the Africa-Brazil linguistic continuum (Petter 2007). Emphasis is given to the Bantu (b)a-passives, and to Classical Portuguese topic constructions. Following Mufwene (2008), the authors argue that a linguistic feature pool with elements of different languages was formed in the ecologies of language practice in the colonies of Brazil and Angola. Linguistic features of the different languages in contact were selected based on what the interactants perceived as congruences among them, thus forming the basis of what later became Brazilian and Angolan Portuguese.
Language contact and variation in Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe
Authors: Alexandre Nélia , Gonçalves Rita 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Both Cape Verdean Portuguese (CVP) and Santomean Portuguese (STP) are in contact with Portuguese-lexified Creole languages formed during the 15th and 16th centuries: Cape Verdean (CV), in Cape Verde, and Santome, Angolar, and Lung’Ie, in São Tomé and Príncipe. Despite this, Portuguese is the only official language of the two archipelagos. The goal of this chapter is twofold. First, we aim to compare and discuss corpus data from CVP and STP, underlining the impact of socio-historical factors in some morphosyntactic aspects of these Portuguese varieties’ grammars. Second, we will show that the convergence and divergence observed is not only driven by the language contact situation but also by internal mechanisms of change.