bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary practice patterns of stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis: A review of published Australian literature
Authors: Ong Wee Loon , Wada Morikatsu , Ruben Jeremy , Foroudi Farshad , Millar Jeremy 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThere has been a shift in the management of brain metastasis (BM), with increasing use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and delaying/avoiding whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT), given the concern regarding the long‐term neurocognitive effect and quality of life impact of WBRT. It is, however, unclear as to the contemporary practice pattern and outcomes of SRS in Australia. We conducted a literature search in PubMed and MEDLINE using a series of keywords: ‘stereotactic’, ‘radiosurgery’ and ‘brain metastases’, limiting to Australian studies, which report on clinical outcomes following SRS. Eight studies – one randomized trial and seven retrospective cohort studies – were identified and included in this review. A total of 856 patients were included, with the most common primary tumour types being melanoma, lung cancer and breast cancer. Approximately half of the patients had solitary BM, while 7% had 10 or more BM lesions. SRS is not routinely given in combination with WBRT. The 6‐month intracranial control and 1‐year intracranial control following SRS were reported in the range of 67–87% and 48–82%, respectively, whereas the 1‐year overall survival and 2‐year overall survival were reported in the range of 37–60% and 20–36%, respectively. There are limited data reported on SRS‐related toxicities in all included studies. Overall, despite increasing use of SRS for BM, there is a low number of published Australian series in the literature. There is a potential role for establishing an Australian clinical quality registry or collaborative consortium for SRS in BM, to allow for systematic prospective data collection, and benchmarking of quality and outcomes of SRS.
Comparison of the analgesic effect of an adductor canal block using a new suture‐method catheter vs. standard perineural catheter vs. single‐injection: a randomised, blinded, controlled study
Authors: Lyngeraa T. S. , Jæger P. , Gottschau B. , Graungaard B. , Rossen‐Jørgensen A. M. , Toftegaard I. , Grevstad U. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWe performed a randomised, blinded, controlled study with adult patients scheduled for primary total knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia. The aim was to investigate the analgesic effects of adductor canal block using catheter‐based repeated boluses, either through a new suture‐method catheter or a standard perineural catheter, compared with a single‐injection technique. All patients received an adductor canal block after surgery with an initial bolus of 20 ml ropivacaine 0.75%, followed by 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.2% every 8 h in the standard and suture‐method catheter groups, and sham boluses for the single‐injection group. The primary outcome measure was total opioid consumption (intravenous morphine equivalents) from the end of surgery until 12:00 on postoperative day 2. Secondary outcomes were pain, muscle strength and ambulation. We randomly assigned (1:1:1) and analysed 153 patients. Total opioid consumption was median (IQR [range]) 24 (11–37 [0–148]) mg in the suture‐method group, 38 (17–51 [0–123]) mg in the standard catheter group and 37 (14–57 [0–158]) mg in the single‐injection group (p = 0.049). Differences were not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05/3). There were no differences between groups on postoperative day 1. On postoperative day 2, there were no differences between catheter groups, but muscle strength and ambulation were improved compared with the single‐injection group. We conclude that providing repeated boluses via a catheter did not decrease opioid consumption or pain compared with a single injection, but improved muscle strength and ambulation on postoperative day 2. The two types of catheters were similar.
Parsing metabolic heterogeneity in mood disorders: A hypothesis‐driven cluster analysis of glucose and insulin abnormalities
Authors: Mansur Rodrigo B. , Lee Yena , Subramaniapillai Mehala , Cha Danielle S. , Brietzke Elisa , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesMetabolically based distinctions for disturbances in glucose and insulin may provide meaningful insights both clinically and mechanistically.MethodsData were derived from 352 subjects of previously completed clinical studies with a mood disorder (MD) (bipolar disorder: n = 179, major depressive disorder: n = 173) and 218 healthy controls from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long‐Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy. We conducted a factor analysis to replicate a priori dissociable factors informed by glucose and insulin levels and indices of insulin resistance and beta‐cell function: elevated insulin and insulin resistance (“insulin‐IR”), and increased fasting glucose and reduced insulin secretion (“glucotoxicity”). Cluster analyses were conducted, separately in men and women, to evaluate the clinical relevance of subtyping individuals with MDs using insulin‐IR and glucotoxicity (GT) factor scores.ResultsFactors insulin‐IR and GT explained 92.64% and 92.09% of the variance in men and women respectively. Three clusters were replicated in men and women separately: metabolically healthy (MH), high GT, and insulin‐resistant (IR). After adjusting for age, gender, study cohort, MD diagnosis, and antipsychotics use, body mass index (BMI) and mean arterial pressure were higher in IR‐ vs GT‐ or MH‐clustered individuals; GT‐clustered individuals had more metabolic syndrome components and higher C‐reactive protein. Glucotoxic‐clustered subjects reported greater impairments in cognitive function and global functioning when compared to MH‐ or IR‐clustered subjects.ConclusionsUsing simple, cost‐effective, and accessible measures, we identified stable, gender‐convergent, subgroups of individuals that significantly diverged on measures of cognitive dysfunction, self‐reported anhedonia, functional disability, BMI, and blood pressure.
Machine learning and big data analytics in bipolar disorder: A position paper from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Big Data Task Force
Authors: Passos Ives C. , Ballester Pedro L. , Barros Rodrigo C. , Librenza‐Garcia Diego , Mwangi Benson , Birmaher Boris , Brietzke Elisa , Hajek Tomas , Lopez Jaramillo Carlos , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Alda Martin , Haarman Bartholomeus C. M. , Isometsa Erkki , Lam Raymond W. , McIntyre Roger S. , Minuzzi Luciano , Kessing Lars V. , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Duffy Anne , Kapczinski Flavio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe International Society for Bipolar Disorders Big Data Task Force assembled leading researchers in the field of bipolar disorder (BD), machine learning, and big data with extensive experience to evaluate the rationale of machine learning and big data analytics strategies for BD.MethodA task force was convened to examine and integrate findings from the scientific literature related to machine learning and big data based studies to clarify terminology and to describe challenges and potential applications in the field of BD. We also systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published up to January 2019 that used machine learning in BD.ResultsThe results suggested that big data analytics has the potential to provide risk calculators to aid in treatment decisions and predict clinical prognosis, including suicidality, for individual patients. This approach can advance diagnosis by enabling discovery of more relevant data‐driven phenotypes, as well as by predicting transition to the disorder in high‐risk unaffected subjects. We also discuss the most frequent challenges that big data analytics applications can face, such as heterogeneity, lack of external validation and replication of some studies, cost and non‐stationary distribution of the data, and lack of appropriate funding.ConclusionMachine learning‐based studies, including atheoretical data‐driven big data approaches, provide an opportunity to more accurately detect those who are at risk, parse‐relevant phenotypes as well as inform treatment selection and prognosis. However, several methodological challenges need to be addressed in order to translate research findings to clinical settings.
Consent’s dominion: Dementia and prior consent to sexual relations
Authors: Director Samuel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I answer the following question: suppose that two individuals, C and D, have been in a long‐term committed relationship, and D now has dementia, while C is competent; if D agrees to have sex with C, is it permissible for C to have sex with D? Ultimately, I defend the view that, under certain conditions, D can give valid consent to sex with C, rendering sex between them permissible. Specifically, I argue that there is compelling reason to endorse the Prior Consent Thesis, which states the following: D, when competent, can give valid prior consent to sex with her competent partner (C) that will take place after she has dementia, assuming that D is the same person as she was when she gave prior consent, meaning that, if D, when competent, gave prior consent to sex with C, then C may permissibly have sex with D. In Section 2, I explain both the background and the existing literature on this issue. In Section 3, I outline relevant stipulations about the kinds of cases I will be examining. In Section 4, I defend the Prior Consent Thesis. And, in Section 5, I address objections to the Prior Consent Thesis.
Element interactivity as a factor influencing the effectiveness of worked example–problem solving and problem solving–worked example sequences
Authors: Chen Ouhao , Retnowati Endah , Kalyuga Slava 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe worked example effect in cognitive load theory suggests that providing worked examples first followed by solving similar problems would facilitate students’ learning. Using problem solving–worked example sequence is another way of implementing example‐based instruction. Although research has demonstrated the superiority of worked example–problem solving sequence on learning materials that presumably are high in element interactivity for novices, none of the previous studies have compared the two sequences with levels of element interactivity experimentally manipulated in a strictly controlled manner.AimThe reported study aimed to investigate the effects of levels of element interactivity of the learning tasks and levels of learner prior knowledge on the effectiveness of two alternative example‐based sequences, worked example–problem solving versus problem solving–worked example.SampleFifty‐two Year five students, around 10 to 11 years old, from a primary school in Indonesia participated in Experiment 1, and 96 Year eight students, around 13 to 14 years old, from a secondary school in Indonesia participated in Experiment 2.Methods2 (sequences: worked example–problem solving vs. problem solving–worked example) × 2 (levels of element interactivity: low vs. high) experimental design, with the second factor repeatedly measured, was used in the two experiments conducted with learners at different levels of prior knowledge.ResultThe results showed the advantage of using worked example–problem solving sequence for learning materials high in element interactivity, especially for novice learners, whereas there were no differences between the worked example–problem solving and problem solving–worked example sequences for learning materials low in element interactivity for more knowledgeable learners.ConclusionThis study not only replicated the results of previous studies, but also extended their findings by experimentally manipulating levels of element interactivity of learning materials.
Retrospective markers of paediatric atopic dermatitis persistence after hospital diagnosis: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Thyssen Jacob P. , Corn Giulia , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads , Bager Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) normally onsets in childhood and mostly resolves before adolescences. Disease persistence is known to be difficult to study properly, and current predictors are insufficient to identify more than a small fraction of patients at risk.ObjectiveTo study personal AD medicine history as a retrospective marker of persistent AD.MethodsThe study population included all Danish first hospital contacts with a diagnosis of AD (ICD‐10, L20) between 1995 and 2012. National register data following the diagnosis were used to define persistent AD activity until 2017 according to personal AD medicine history before diagnosis. Activity was defined as filled prescriptions for topical corticosteroids (TCS) or calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), dermatologist contacts or hospital re‐contacts for AD. Risk ratios (RR) for persistent activity (defined as activity >4 of the most recent 5 years) were estimated according to AD medicine history (prescriptions filled prior to diagnosis) adjusted for age at onset, parental AD and basic covariates.ResultsA total of 13 628 patients were diagnosed at ages 0‐16 years and had up to 21 years of follow‐up. 10 years after diagnosis, 67% showed activity (9.5% persistent). Among prior TCS users (69%), the RR10y of persistent activity increased 1‐ to 6‐fold with increasing strength of strongest TCS/TCI ever, and with number of TCS courses. Prior use of antibiotics (RR10y 1.32, 95% CI 1.09‐1.59) and antihistamines (RR10y 1.65, 95% CI 1.42‐1.91) increased the RR10y in a dose‐dependent manner. In >90% of patients, prior medication use occurred <4 years before diagnosis.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe strength and type of AD medication used in the previous 4 years may predict 10‐year persistence of AD. Since children may be misjudged as having milder disease when seen between flares of skin lesions, this information may improve physicians' ability to determine the correct prognosis independently of current AD severity.
The implanted glucose monitoring system Eversense: An alternative for diabetes patients with isobornyl acrylate allergy
Authors: Oppel Eva , Kamann Stefanie , Heinemann Lutz , Reichl Franz‐Xaver , Högg Christof 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSome patients with diabetes develop skin reactions when using systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) or insulin pumps. Regular usage and long wearing periods lead not only to skin irritation, but also to allergic contact dermatitis. It has been shown that allergens such as isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) are present in the plastic housing and also in the adhesives of medical devices used for diabetes treatment.ObjectivesTo evaluate the IBOA content of all parts of a newly introduced, implanted CGM system (Eversense) to check whether this can be an alternative for IBOA‐sensitized patients.MethodsThe IBOA content of the implanted sensor itself (n = 3), the transmitter (n = 3), and two different types of adhesive (white adhesive [n = 4] and clear adhesive [n = 4]) was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.ResultsNo IBOA was found in any part of this CGM system.ConclusionsPatients with an IBOA allergy may be able to use this implanted CGM system.
Factors affecting FiO2 and PEEP during high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy: A bench study
Authors: Sun Yu‐Han , Dai Bing , Peng Yun , Tan Wei , Zhao Hong‐Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionIt is unknown if set‐flow, peak inspiratory flow (PIF), tidal volume and set fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) affect actual‐FiO2 and positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy. In addition, the extent of their influence is also unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of set‐FiO2, set‐flow, PIF and tidal volume on the actual‐FiO2 and PEEP during HFNC oxygen therapy.MethodsA lung simulation model was used to study the factors that might affect FiO2 and PEEP during HFNC therapy in vitro. These factors included set‐flow (20, 40, 60, 80 and 120 L/min), PIF (40, 80 and 120 L/min), tidal volume (400 and 600 mL), and set‐FiO2 (30%, 50% and 70%). Actual‐FiO2 and PEEP were recorded for 10 consecutive breaths. Actual‐FiO2 and PEEP were compared under different conditions. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to investigate the effects of these factors on actual‐FiO2 and PEEP.Results and conclusionRegression formula were: (a) actual‐FiO2 as the dependent variable: actual FiO2 = 2.71 + 0.78 × set‐FiO2 + 0.17 × set‐flow − 0.09 × PIF (F test, F = 3866.62, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.94), (b) PEEP as the dependent variable: PEEP = 1.35 + 0.15 × set‐flow − 0.02 × PIF + 0.01 × tidal volume (F test, F = 4082.39, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.95). The following factors were found to affect actual‐FiO2 (in descending order): set‐FiO2, set‐flow and PIF. Tidal volume had little effect on actual‐FiO2. Factors which affected PEEP were (in descending order): set‐flow, peak inspiratory flow and tidal volume.
Episodic and chronic migraine in children
Authors: Youssef Paul E , Mack Kenneth J 
Published: August 2019

Migraine is the most common acute and recurrent headache syndrome in children. This condition has unique clinical characteristics in the pediatric population, that can evolve with age, and significantly impact a child's quality of life, affecting their education, socialization, and family life. The purpose of this review is to describe the varied clinical features of migraine seen in children, and discuss potential treatment options for pediatric migraine, including chronic migraine. In many patients a multifaceted approach involving lifestyle changes, treatment of comorbid conditions, and pharmacological treatments are needed for optimal headache control.What this paper adds

Migraine presents as various phenotypes in children, sometimes evolving as the child ages.

An expanded range of treatment options exists for the challenging chronic migraine patient.
Loss of incretin effect contributes to postprandial hyperglycaemia in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Authors: Frost F. , Jones G. H. , Dyce P. , Jackson V. , Nazareth D. , Walshaw M. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the incretin axis in people with cystic fibrosis.MethodsAdults with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes, cystic fibrosis without diabetes, and controls (adults without cystic fibrosis and without diabetes) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and then a closely matched isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion. On each occasion, glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, total and active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses were recorded and incremental areas under curves were calculated for 60 and 240 min.ResultsFive adults with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes, six with cystic fibrosis without diabetes and six controls, matched for age and BMI, completed the study. Glucose during oral glucose tolerance test closely matched those during isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion. The calculated incretin effect was similar in the control group and the cystic fibrosis without diabetes group (28% and 29%, respectively), but was lost in the cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes group (cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes vs control group: –6% vs 28%; p=0.03). No hyposecretion of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 or gastric inhibitory polypeptide was observed; conversely, 60‐min incremental area under the curve for total glucagon‐like peptide‐1 was significantly higher in the cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes group than in the control group [1070.4 (254.7) vs 694.97 (308.1); p=0.03]ConclusionsThe incretin effect was lost in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes despite adequate secretion of the incretin hormones. These data support the concept that reduced incretin hormone insulinotropic activity contributes significantly to postprandial hyperglycaemia in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes.
A population‐based epidemiological study of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Hungary
Authors: Papp V. , Iljicsov A. , Rajda C. , Magyari M. , Koch‐Henriksen N. , Petersen T. , Jakab G. , Deme I. , Nagy F. , Imre P. , Lohner Z. , Kovács K. , Birkás A. J. , Köves Á. , Rum G. , Nagy Z. , Kerényi L. , Vécsei L. , Bencsik K. , Jobbágy Z. , Diószeghy P. , Horváth L. , Galántai G. , Kasza J. , Molnár G. , Simó M. , Sátori M. , Rózsa C. , Ács P. , Berki T. , Lovas G. , Komoly S. , Illes Z. 
Published: August 2019

Background and purposeThe goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in Hungary based on the 2015 International Panel of NMO Diagnosis (IPND) criteria.MethodsA retrospective population‐based cohort study was conducted of 6.4 million Hungarians (age ≥ 16 years) between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2016. Possible NMOSD patients were selected via multistage re‐evaluation from multiple sources. Crude and sex‐ and serostatus‐specific prevalence (per 100 000 persons) and incidence rates (per 1 000 000 person‐years) from 2006 to 2015 were estimated and age‐adjusted rates were determined.ResultsOf 2262 study candidates, 154 NMOSD patients (age ≥ 16 years) with onset until 31 December 2016 were identified based on 2015 IPND criteria. The prevalence analysis on 1 January 2016 included 123 NMOSD living cases, resulting in a prevalence of 1.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–2.28] per 100 000 persons. The 101 incident cases emerging from the observed 76 394 288 person‐years provided an incidence rate of 1.32 (95% CI 1.08–1.61) per 1 000 000 person‐years. Age‐adjusted prevalence was 1.87 (95% CI 1.56–2.23) per 100 000 persons and incidence was 1.20 (95% CI 0.98–1.46) per 1 000 000 person‐years.ConclusionsIn this first report of a large population‐based epidemiological study from an Eastern European Caucasian population using robust case validation, a greater prevalence and incidence of NMOSD was found compared to previous large studies in Caucasian populations.
Fifth International Biannual Evolution and Ecology of Cancer Conference (Cooperation, Conflict and Parasitism) meeting report—Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
Authors: Raven Nynke , Bramwell Georgina , Hamede Rodrigo , Thomas Frédéric , Ujvari Beata 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe fifth biannual conference of the International Society of Evolution and Ecology of Cancer (ISEEC) was held between the 17th and 19th of July 2019 in Hinxton (UK) at the Wellcome Genome Campus. The main theme of the conference: cooperation, conflict and parasitism reflected our growing understanding of the role cancer has played in the evolution of multicellular organisms, as well as the urgent need of translating these Darwinian processes to treatment strategies. Below we provide a brief summary of each plenary sessions and other oral presentations, to bring the conference to the broader audience of evolutionary biology and applications.