bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-stage sketch colorization
Authors: Zhang Lvmin , Li Chengze , Wong Tien-Tsin , Ji Yi , Liu Chunping 
Published: November 2018

Sketch or line art colorization is a research field with significant market demand. Different from photo colorization which strongly relies on texture information, sketch colorization is more challenging as sketches may not have texture. Even worse, color, texture, and gradient have to be generated from the abstract sketch lines. In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic learning-based framework to colorize sketches with proper color, texture as well as gradient. Our framework consists of two stages. In the first drafting stage, our model guesses color regions and splashes a rich variety of colors over the sketch to obtain a color draft. In the second refinement stage, it detects the unnatural colors and artifacts, and try to fix and refine the result. Comparing to existing approaches, this two-stage design effectively divides the complex colorization task into two simpler and goal-clearer subtasks. This eases the learning and raises the quality of colorization. Our model resolves the artifacts such as water-color blurring, color distortion, and dull textures.
We build an interactive software based on our model for evaluation. Users can iteratively edit and refine the colorization. We evaluate our learning model and the interactive system through an extensive user study. Statistics shows that our method outperforms the state-of-art techniques and industrial applications in several aspects including, the visual quality, the ability of user control, user experience, and other metrics.
Encoding prediction signals during appetitive and aversive Pavlovian conditioning in the primate lateral hypothalamus
Authors: Noritake Atsushi , Nakamura Kae 
Published: November 2018

The lateral hypothalamus (LH), which plays a role in homeostatic functions such as appetite regulation, is also linked to arousal and motivational behavior. However, little is known about how these components are encoded in the LH. Thus cynomolgus monkeys were conditioned with two distinct contexts, i.e., an appetitive context with available rewards and an aversive context with predicted air puffs. Different LH neuron groups encoded different degrees of expectation, predictability, and risks of rewards in a specific manner. A nearly equal number of one-third of the recorded LH neurons showed a positive or negative correlation between their response to visual conditioned stimuli (CS) that predicted the probabilistic delivery of rewards (0%, 50%, and 100%) and the associative values. For another one-third of recorded neurons, a nearly equal number showed a positive or negative correlation between their responses to rewards [appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US)] and reward predictability. Some neurons exhibited their highest or lowest trace-period responses in the 50% reward trials. These response modulations were represented independently and overlaid on a consistent excitatory or inhibitory response across the conditioning events. LH neurons also showed consistent responses in the aversive context. However, the responses to aversive conditioning events depending on the air puff value and predictability were less common. The multifaceted modulation of consistent activity related to outcome predictions may reflect motivational and arousal signals. Furthermore, it may underlie the role the LH plays in the integration and relay of signals to cortices for adaptive and goal-directed physiological and behavioral responses to environmental changes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is implicated in motivational and arousal behavior; however, the detailed information carried by single LH neurons remains unclear. We demonstrate that primate LH neurons encode multiple combinations of signals concerning different degrees of expectation, appreciation, and uncertainty of rewards in consistent responses across conditioning events and between different contexts. This multifaceted modulation of activity may underlie the role of the LH as a critical node integrating motivational signals with arousal signals.
Functional Analysis and Fine Mapping of the 9p22.2 Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Locus
Authors: Buckley Melissa A. , Woods Nicholas T. , Tyrer Jonathan P. , Mendoza-Fandiño Gustavo , Lawrenson Kate , Hazelett Dennis J. , Najafabadi Hamed S. , Gjyshi Anxhela , Carvalho Renato S. , Lyra Paulo C. , Coetzee Simon G. , Shen Howard C. , Yang Ally W. , Earp Madalene A. , Yoder Sean J. , Risch Harvey , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Ramus Susan J. , Phelan Catherine M. , Coetzee Gerhard A. , Noushmehr Houtan , Hughes Timothy R. , Sellers Thomas A. , Goode Ellen L. , Pharoah Paul D. , Gayther Simon A. , Monteiro Alvaro N.A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies have identified 40 ovarian cancer risk loci. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a two-pronged approach to identify candidate causal SNPs and assess underlying biological mechanisms at chromosome 9p22.2, the first and most statistically significant associated locus for ovarian cancer susceptibility. Three transcriptional regulatory elements with allele-specific effects and a scaffold/matrix attachment region were characterized and, through physical DNA interactions, BNC2 was established as the most likely target gene. We determined the consensus binding sequence for BNC2 in vitro, verified its enrichment in BNC2 ChIP-seq regions, and validated a set of its downstream target genes. Fine-mapping by dense regional genotyping in over 15,000 ovarian cancer cases and 30,000 controls identified SNPs in the scaffold/matrix attachment region as among the most likely causal variants. This study reveals a comprehensive regulatory landscape at 9p22.2 and proposes a likely mechanism of susceptibility to ovarian cancer.

Significance:
Mapping the 9p22.2 ovarian cancer risk locus identifies BNC2 as an ovarian cancer risk gene.
See related commentary by Choi and Brown, p. 439
Whole-Blood DNA Methylation Markers in Early Detection of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Guan Zhong , Yu Haixin , Cuk Katarina , Zhang Yan , Brenner Hermann 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Whole-blood DNA methylation markers have been suggested as potential biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on whole-blood DNA methylation markers for breast cancer detection. PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched up to May 29, 2018. Overall, 33 studies evaluating 355 markers were included. The diagnostic value of most individual markers was relatively modest, with only six markers showing sensitivity &gt;40% at specificity &gt;75% [only 2 (HYAL2 and S100P) were independently validated]. Although relatively strong associations (OR ≤0.5 or OR ≥2) with breast cancer were reported for 14 markers, most of them were not independently validated. Two prospective studies performed epigenome-wide association analysis and identified 276 CpG sites related to breast cancer risk, but no overlap was observed between CpGs reported from these two studies. Five studies incorporated individual markers as panels, but only two of them used a test-validation approach. In conclusion, so far detected methylation markers are insufficient for breast cancer early detection, but markers or marker-combinations may be useful for breast cancer risk stratification. Utilizing high-throughput methods of methylation quantification, future studies should focus on further mining informative methylation markers and derivation of enhanced multimaker panels with thorough external validation ideally in prospective settings.
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Cancer-Related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors in Indiana
Authors: Rawl Susan M. , Dickinson Stephanie , Lee Joy L. , Roberts Jamie L. , Teal Evgenia , Baker Layla B. , Kianersi Sina , Haggstrom David A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground:This statewide survey examined differences in cancer-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors between racial and socioeconomic groups in select counties in Indiana.Methods:A stratified random sample of 7,979 people aged 18–75 who lived in one of 34 Indiana counties with higher cancer mortality rates than the state average, and were seen at least once in the past year in a statewide health system were mailed surveys.Results:Completed surveys were returned by 970 participants, yielding a 12% response rate. Black respondents were less likely to perceive they were at risk for cancer and less worried about getting cancer. Individuals most likely to perceive that they were unlikely to get cancer were more often black, with low incomes (less than $20,000) or high incomes ($50,000 or more), or less than a high school degree. Black women were greater than six times more likely to be adherent to cervical cancer screening. Higher income was associated with receiving a sigmoidoscopy in the last 5 years and a lung scan in the past year. Those with the highest incomes were more likely to engage in physical activity. Both income and education were inversely related to smoking.Conclusions:Socioeconomic and racial disparities were observed in health behaviors and receipt of cancer screening. Black individuals had less worry about cancer.Impact:Understanding populations for whom cancer disparities exist and geographic areas where the cancer burden is disproportionately high is essential to decision-making about research priorities and the use of public health resources.
A CK1α Activator Penetrates the Brain and Shows Efficacy Against Drug-resistant Metastatic Medulloblastoma
Authors: Rodriguez-Blanco Jezabel , Li Bin , Long Jun , Shen Chen , Yang Fan , Orton Darren , Collins Sara , Kasahara Noriyuki , Ayad Nagi G. , McCrea Heather J. , Roussel Martine F. , Weiss William A. , Capobianco Anthony J. , Robbins David J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Although most children with medulloblastoma are cured of their disease, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup medulloblastoma driven by TRP53 mutations is essentially lethal. Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) phosphorylates and destabilizes GLI transcription factors, thereby inhibiting the key effectors of SHH signaling. We therefore tested a second-generation CK1α activator against TRP53-mutant, MYCN-amplified medulloblastoma.
Experimental Design: The ability of this CK1α activator to block SHH signaling was determined in vitro using GLI reporter cells, granular precursor primary cultures, and PATCHED1 (PTCH1)-mutant sphere cultures. While in vivo efficacy was tested using 2 different medulloblastoma mouse models: PTCH1 and ND2:SMOA1. Finally, the clinical relevance of CK1α activators was demonstrated using a TRP53-mutant, MYCN-amplified patient-derived xenograft.
Results: SSTC3 inhibited SHH activity in vitro, acting downstream of the vismodegib target SMOOTHENED (SMO), and reduced the viability of sphere cultures derived from SHH medulloblastoma. SSTC3 accumulated in the brain, inhibited growth of SHH medulloblastoma tumors, and blocked metastases in a genetically engineered vismodegib-resistant mouse model of SHH medulloblastoma. Importantly, SSTC3 attenuated growth and metastasis of orthotopic patient-derived TRP53-mutant, MYCN-amplified, SHH subgroup medulloblastoma xenografts, increasing overall survival.
Conclusions: Using a newly described small-molecule, SSTC3, we show that CK1a activators could address a significant unmet clinical need for patients with SMO inhibitor–resistant medulloblastoma, including those harboring mutations in TRP53.
Residual Tumor Volume, Cell Volume Fraction, and Tumor Cell Kill During Fractionated Chemoradiation Therapy of Human Glioblastoma using Quantitative Sodium MR Imaging
Authors: Thulborn Keith R. , Lu Aiming , Atkinson Ian C. , Pauliah Mohan , Beal Kathryn , Chan Timothy A. , Omuro Antonio , Yamada Josh , Bradbury Michelle S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Spatial and temporal patterns of response of human glioblastoma to fractionated chemoradiation are described by changes in the bioscales of residual tumor volume (RTV), tumor cell volume fraction (CVF), and tumor cell kill (TCK), as derived from tissue sodium concentration (TSC) measured by quantitative sodium MRI at 3 Tesla. These near real-time patterns during treatment are compared with overall survival.

Experimental Design:
Bioscales were mapped during fractionated chemoradiation therapy in patients with glioblastomas (n = 20) using TSC obtained from serial quantitative sodium MRI at 3 Tesla and a two-compartment model of tissue sodium distribution. The responses of these parameters in newly diagnosed human glioblastomas undergoing treatment were compared with time-to-disease progression and survival.

Results:
RTV following tumor resection showed decreased CVF due to disruption of normal cell packing by edema and infiltrating tumor cells. CVF showed either increases back toward normal as infiltrating tumor cells were killed, or decreases as cancer cells continued to infiltrate and extend tumor margins. These highly variable tumor responses showed no correlation with time-to-progression or overall survival.

Conclusions:
These bioscales indicate that fractionated chemoradiotherapy of glioblastomas produces variable responses with low cell killing efficiency. These parameters are sensitive to real-time changes within the treatment volume while remaining stable elsewhere, highlighting the potential to individualize therapy earlier in management, should alternative strategies be available.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ХАРЧУВАННЯ ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ІШЕМІЧНИМ ІНСУЛЬТОМ, ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СЕСТРИНСЬКОГО ДОГЛЯДУ ТА ГОДУВАННЯ
Authors: Maiboroda O. V. , Sydorenko O. L. 
Published: November 2018

У статті розглянуто проблеми харчування пацієнтів із мозковим інсультом та проведення скринінгу для виявлення дисфагії. Розглянуто основні моменти, на які необхідно звертати увагу при наданні допомоги та для профілактики ускладнень при порушенні ковтання після мозкового інсульту.
Healthy Lifestyle During the Midlife Is Prospectively Associated With Less Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie A. , Elliott Michael R. , Harlow Siobán D. , Hood Michelle M. , Derby Carol A. , Sternfeld Barbara , Janssen Imke , Crawford Sybil L. , Huang Mei‐Hua , El Khoudary Samar R. , Chae Claudia U. , Baylin Ana 
Published: November 2018

Background
Measures of subclinical atherosclerosis are predictors of future cardiovascular outcomes as well as of physical and cognitive functioning. The menopausal transition is associated with accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in women. The prospective association between a healthy lifestyle during the midlife and subclinical atherosclerosis is unclear.

Methods and Results

Self‐reported data on smoking, diet, and physical activity from 1143 women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation were used to construct a 10‐year average Healthy Lifestyle Score (
HLS
) during the midlife. Markers of subclinical atherosclerosis were measured 14 years after baseline and included common carotid artery intima‐media thickness (
CCA
‐
IMT
), adventitial diameter (
CCA
‐
AD
), and carotid plaque. The associations of average
HLS
with
CCA
‐
IMT
and
CCA
‐
AD
were estimated using linear models; the association of average
HLS
with carotid plaque was estimated using cumulative logit models. Average
HLS
was associated with smaller
CCA
‐
IMT
and
CCA
‐
AD
in the fully adjusted models (
P=
0.0031 and <0.001, respectively). Compared with participants in the lowest
HLS
level, those in the highest level had 0.024 mm smaller
CCA
‐
IMT
(95% confidence interval: −0.048, 0.000), which equals 17% of the SD of
CCA
‐
IMT
, and 0.16 mm smaller
CCA
‐
AD
(95% confidence interval: −0.27, −0.04), which equals 24% of the
SD
of
CCA
‐
AD
. Among the 3 components of the
HLS
, abstinence from smoking had the strongest association with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Conclusions
Healthy lifestyle during the menopausal transition is associated with less subclinical atherosclerosis, highlighting the growing recognition that the midlife is a critical window for cardiovascular prevention in women.
New species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum, Longibrachiatum and Viride clades
Authors: ZHANG YU-BO , ZHUANG WEN-YING 
Published: November 2018

During field surveys in central and southwestern China, three new species, Trichoderma acremonioides, T. rugosum and T. subalni were discovered. They are located respectively in the Viride, Longibrachiatum and Harzianum clades. Trichoderma acremonioides from southwest of China forms reddish brown ascomata, hyaline ascospores and very simple conidiophores. Trichoderma rugosum occurring in Hubei and Tibet is specialized by stroma cortical tissue of textura intricata, hyaline ascospores, and trichoderma-like conidiophores. Trichoderma subalni from Tibet is characterized by rufous stromata, green ascospores, trichoderma-like conidiophores, and slow growing on standard media. Detailed morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are discussed. Their phylogenetic positions were determined based on sequence analyses of RPB2 and EF-1α genes.
Making Marketing Research More Effective by Using the Administrative Process
Authors: Boyd Harper W. , Britt Steuart Henderson 
Published: November 2018

➤This article demonstrates how both marketing research executives and management executives can make efficient use of information about the marketplace— by the use of the administrative process. Too many business executives are disappointed—even disenchanted—with the results of marketing research. Too frequently the point of view is expressed that marketing research is simply semi-scientific hindsight. But the opposite view is that the ability of marketing researchers to generate pertinent marketing information has outdistanced the likelihood that management will use such information effectively in decision-making.
Adolescent cocaine exposure enhanced negative affect following drug re-exposure in adult rats: Attenuation of c-Fos activation
Authors: García-Cabrerizo Rubén , García-Fuster M. Julia 
Published: November 2018

Background: The goal of the present study was to utilize the adolescent drug experience as an emerging vulnerability factor for developing psychiatric comorbidities in adulthood that could, in turn, help to elucidate and/or hypothesize possible mechanisms contributing to higher relapse rates. Outcomes: The current results showed that adolescent cocaine exposure (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, seven days) during early–mid adolescence (postnatal days 33–39) enhanced negative affect in adulthood, by increasing behavioral despair following drug re-exposure and by increasing anhedonia. Thus, these behavioral data provided a good model to further ascertain the long-term cellular and molecular adaptations that might take place in the brain in response to adolescent cocaine exposure as well as the impact of drug re-exposure in adulthood. In this regard, the results showed that adolescent cocaine exposure did not modulate cell proliferation (Ki-67+ cells) or c-Fos protein activation in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus, but attenuated c-Fos activation in the dorsal striatum. Conclusions: These results proved that a history of cocaine exposure during adolescence increased the vulnerability to induce negative affect (i.e. emergence of psychiatric comorbidity) in adulthood while it decreased neuronal activation in the dorsal striatum. Interestingly, these effects were only observed following cocaine re-exposure in adulthood, suggesting that avoiding drug contact in adulthood could prevent the long-term negative effects induced by adolescent cocaine.
No Association Between Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Selected Candidate Collagen Gene Variants in Female Elite Athletes From High-Risk Team Sports
Authors: Sivertsen Einar Andreas , Haug Kari Bente Foss , Kristianslund Eirik Klami , Trøseid Anne-Marie Siebke , Parkkari Jari , Lehtimäki Terho , Mononen Nina , Pasanen Kati , Bahr Roald 
Published: November 2018

Background: Several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in collagen genes have been reported as predisposing factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. However, the evidence is conflicting and does not support a clear association between genetic variants and risk of ACL ruptures. Purpose: To assess the association of previously identified candidate SNVs in genes encoding for collagen and the risk of ACL injury in a population of elite female athletes from high-risk team sports. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 851 female Norwegian and Finnish elite athletes from team sports were included from 2007 to 2011. ACL injuries acquired before inclusion in the cohort were registered by interview. The participants were followed prospectively through 2015 to record new complete ACL injuries. Six selected SNVs were genotyped ( COL1A1: rs1800012, rs1107946; COL3A1: rs1800255; COL5A1: rs12722, rs13946; COL12A1: rs970547). Results: No associations were found between ACL rupture and the SNVs tested. Conclusion: The study does not support a role of the 6 selected SNVs in genes encoding for collagen proteins as risk factors for ACL injury. Clinical Relevance: Genetic profiling to identify athletes at high risk for ACL rupture is not yet feasible.
Performance of PROMIS Global-10 Compared With Legacy Instruments for Rotator Cuff Disease
Authors: Nicholson Allen D. , Kassam Hafiz F. , Pan Steven D. , Berman Jacob E. , Blaine Theodore A. , Kovacevic David 
Published: November 2018

Background: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global-10 was recently developed to assess physical and mental health and provide an estimated EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) score. This instrument needs to be validated for specific patient cohorts such as those with rotator cuff pathology. Hypothesis: There is moderate to high correlation between the PROMIS Global-10 and legacy patient-reported outcome measures; PROMIS Global-10 will not show ceiling effects; and estimated EQ-5D scores will show good correlation and low variance with actual EQ-5D scores. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 323 patients with rotator cuff disease were prospectively enrolled before treatment. Each patient completed the PROMIS Global-10, EQ-5D, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder assessment form, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and those with known rotator cuff tears completed the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC). Spearman correlations were calculated. Bland-Altman agreement tests were conducted between estimated EQ-5D scores from the PROMIS and actual EQ-5D scores. Ceiling and floor effects were assessed, defined as ≥15% respondents with highest or lowest possible score. Results: Correlation between the PROMIS Global-10 and EQ-5D was excellent (0.70, P < .0001). Correlation of the PROMIS physical scores was excellent-good with the ASES (0.62, P < .0001), good with the WORC (0.47, P < .0001), and good with the SANE (0.41, P < .0005). Correlation between the PROMIS mental scores was poor with the ASES (0.34, P < .0001), the WORC (0.32, P = .0016), and the SANE (0.24, P < .0001). No floor or ceiling effects were found. Agreement analysis showed substantial variance in individual scores, despite the overall similarity in mean scores between the estimated and actual EQ-5D scores, indicating poor agreement. Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement for estimated EQ-5D scores ranged from 34% below to 31% above actual EQ-5D scores. Conclusion: Physical function scores of the PROMIS Global-10 show high correlation with legacy patient-reported outcome instruments, suggesting that it is a reliable tool for outcome assessment in a population with rotator cuff pathology. The large variability in 95% limit of agreement suggested that the estimated EQ-5D scores from the PROMIS Global-10 cannot replace traditional EQ-5D scores.