bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Public Health Policymakers’ Views on State Preemption: Results of a National Survey, 2018
Authors: Rutkow Lainie , McGinty Meghan D. , Wetter Sarah , Vernick Jon S. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To learn about local health policymakers’ experiences and responses to preemption—the ability of a higher level of government to limit policy activity at a lower level. Methods. Between March and June 2018, we conducted an anonymous Web-based survey of mayors and health officials in US cities with populations of 150 000 or more. We used descriptive statistics to analyze multiple-choice responses. We analyzed open text responses qualitatively. Results. Survey response rates were 28% (mayors) and 32% (health officials). Nearly all respondents found preemption to be an obstacle to local policymaking. When faced with preemption, 72% of health officials and 60% of mayors abandoned or delayed local policymaking efforts. Conclusions. Preemption is viewed as an impediment across a range of public health issues and may stifle local policy activity (i.e., have a chilling effect). Those working at the local level should consider the potential for preemption whenever seeking to address public health concerns in their communities. Public Health Implications. Local governments should engage with advocates, practitioners, and public health lawyers to learn about successful and failed efforts to meet public health objectives when faced with preemption.
Tibiofemoral Kinematics During Compressive Loading of the ACL-Intact and ACL-Sectioned Knee
Authors: Wang Dean , Kent Robert N. , Amirtharaj Mark J. , Hardy Brendan M. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Pearle Andrew D. , Imhauser Carl W. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Tibial geometry and knee laxity have been identified as risk factors for both noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and instability in the setting of ACL insufficiency via clinical studies; yet, their biomechanical relationships with tibiofemoral kinematics during compressive loading are less well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the relative contributions of sagittal tibial slope, medial tibial eminence volume, and anterior knee laxity to tibiofemoral kinematics with axial compression in both ACL-intact and ACL-sectioned cadaveric knees.

Methods:
Computed tomography (CT) data were collected from 13 human cadaveric knees (mean donor age, 45 ± 11 years; 8 male). Validated algorithms were used to calculate the sagittal slope of the medial and of the lateral tibial plateau as well as volume of the medial tibial eminence. Specimens were then mounted to a robotic manipulator. For both intact and ACL-sectioned conditions, the robot compressed the knee from 10 to 300 N at 15° of flexion; the net anterior tibial translation of the medial and lateral compartments and internal tibial rotation were recorded. Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed to identify correlations between kinematic outcomes and (1) osseous geometric parameters and (2) anterior laxity during a simulated Lachman test.

Results:
In ACL-intact knees, anterior tibial translation of each compartment was positively correlated with the corresponding sagittal slope, and internal tibial rotation was positively correlated with the lateral sagittal slope and the sagittal slope differential (p ≤ 0.044). In ACL-sectioned knees, anterior tibial translation of the medial compartment was positively associated with medial sagittal slope as well as a combination of medial tibial eminence volume and anterior laxity; internal tibial rotation was inversely correlated with anterior knee laxity (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Under compressive loading, sagittal slope of the medial and of the lateral tibial plateau was predictive of kinematics with the ACL intact, while medial tibial eminence volume and anterior laxity were predictive of kinematics with the ACL sectioned.

Clinical Relevance:
The relationships between tibial osseous morphology, anterior laxity, and knee kinematics under compression may help explain heightened risk of ACL injury and might predict knee instability after ACL rupture.
Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Focal Femoral Osteonecrosis
Authors: Greco Nicholas J. , Lombardi Adolph V. , Hurst Jason M. , Morris Michael J. , Berend Keith R. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Previous research has indicated that unicompartmental arthroplasty may be an effective treatment for focal osteonecrosis in the knee; however, these reports have been composed of small patient cohorts and without characterization of the osteonecrotic lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of unicompartmental arthroplasty for the treatment of focal osteonecrosis within the medial femoral condyle including an assessment of lesion size.

Methods:
A consecutive series of >5,000 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties performed at a single institution was retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of medial femoral condyle osteonecrosis with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Lesion size was classified according to the ratio of lesion width to condylar width, as well as lesion depth relative to condylar depth. Patient-reported outcome measures and need for a revision procedure were studied.

Results:
Sixty-four patients (32 males, 32 females; 65 knees) with a mean age of 64 years were included. The mean patient follow-up was 5.3 years (range, 2 to 12 years). The mean ratio of lesion width to condylar width was 64%, the mean lesion depth was 1.11 cm, and 82% of cases demonstrated subchondral collapse. At the time of the latest follow-up, patients demonstrated substantial improvements in the pain, function, and clinical components of the Knee Society Score, by 36, 25, and 51, respectively. Four patients (6%) required a revision, of which only 1 was for aseptic loosening of the femoral component.

Conclusions:
Unicompartmental arthroplasty is an effective treatment for advanced-stage focal osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle. Loss of component fixation to the femoral condyle did not appear to be a substantial concern because there was only 1 femoral failure as a result of aseptic loosening, despite lesions affecting a significant portion of the femoral condyle.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cardiopulmonary Function in Patients with Congenital Scoliosis
Authors: Lin Youxi , Shen Jianxiong , Chen Lixia , Yuan Wangshu , Cong Hui , Luo Jinmei , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Patients with congenital scoliosis often have restrictive pulmonary dysfunction on static pulmonary function testing (PFT). Although frequently asymptomatic during daily activities, these patients are generally assumed to have reduced exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to use dynamic cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to investigate exercise capacity and its association with spinal deformity in patients with congenital scoliosis.

Methods:
Sixty patients with congenital scoliosis who underwent preoperative spinal radiography, PFT, and CPET were included from January 2014 to November 2017. The impact of thoracic spinal deformity and rib anomalies on pulmonary function and physical capacity was investigated.

Results:
A significant deterioration in pulmonary function with increases in the severity of the major thoracic curve was demonstrated by the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and total lung capacity (all p < 0.001). The ratio of FEV1 to FVC was similar regardless of thoracic curve severity. A smaller tidal volume during exercise testing reflected restrictive dysfunction in the patients with the most severe curves. CPET also revealed a significant trend of faster breathing by patients with a severe thoracic curve (p < 0.001). Exercise capacity indicators such as work rate (p = 0.019), heart rate (p = 0.015), and oxygen saturation (p = 0.006) were significantly reduced only in patients with a thoracic curve of >100°. Pulmonary dysfunction was the major contributor to exercise intolerance. Compared with mild pulmonary dysfunction, moderate and severe dysfunction was associated with an abnormal breathing pattern and lower work rate (p = 0.032) and peak oxygen intake (p = 0.042), indicating worse exercise tolerance.

Conclusions:
Congenital scoliosis leads to restrictive pulmonary dysfunction, which reduces the tidal volume and forces patients to accelerate respiratory rates during exercise. Patients with a thoracic curve of >100° are unable to compensate and have significantly reduced exercise capacity.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factors Related to Patient Dissatisfaction Versus Objective Failure After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization for Instability
Authors: Park In , Kang Jun-Seok , Jo Yoon-Geol , Shin Sang-Jin 
Published: June 2019

Background:
After arthroscopic stabilization procedures for recurrent anterior shoulder instability, patients are not always satisfied with their shoulder, even when the operation successfully restored stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with subjective patient dissatisfaction after arthroscopic stabilization procedures for recurrent anterior shoulder instability and to compare these factors with those associated with objective surgical failure.

Methods:
A total of 195 patients who underwent an arthroscopic stabilization procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability were included in this study. At the 2-year postoperative visit, subjective patient dissatisfaction was assessed with a 15-point scale. Objective surgical failure was defined as postoperative dislocation or subluxation events requiring revision surgery. Several factors, including age at the first dislocation, age at the time of the operation, presence of an off-track Hill-Sachs lesion, width of the Hill-Sachs lesion, size of the glenoid bone defect, and number of instability events, were recorded. Multivariable linear regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed using a backward stepwise procedure as the variable selection method.

Results:
Fifteen patients (7.7%) had recurrent instability requiring revision surgery. In the group of 180 patients without surgical failure, the width of the Hill-Sachs lesion (regression coefficient: 0.052, p = 0.011) and number of instability events (regression coefficient: 0.103, p = 0.029) were positively correlated with subjective patient dissatisfaction, whereas concomitant repair of a SLAP (superior labrum anterior-posterior) lesion showed negative correlation (regression coefficient: −0.926, p = 0.004). In the total cohort of patients, objective surgical failure was correlated with the age at the time of the operation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.851, p = 0.042), size of the glenoid bone defect (OR: 1.172, p < 0.001), and number of instability events (OR: 1.147, p = 0.048). Other variables, including an off-track Hill-Sachs lesion or a concomitant remplissage procedure, were not correlated with subjective patient dissatisfaction or objective surgical failure.

Conclusions:
Factors related to subjective patient dissatisfaction differed from those related to objective surgical failure. For a better understanding of the clinical outcomes after surgery, surgeons should assess the factors that correlate with subjective patient dissatisfaction and objective surgical failure.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Knee Cartilage and Osteochondral Defects
Authors: Cavendish Parker A. , Everhart Joshua S. , Peters Nicholas J. , Sommerfeldt Mark F. , Flanigan David C. 
Published: June 2019

» Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a versatile treatment option for patients with cartilage and osteochondral defects. Indications for this procedure include young active patients with large focal defects, failure of previous cartilage repair, osteonecrosis, osteochondritis dissecans, and/or posttraumatic osteochondral defects.» OCA transplantation is a uniquely useful treatment option for patients with large high-grade osteochondral defects and for athletes who have substantial incentives to return to sport as quickly as possible.» Early reoperation after OCA transplantation is relatively common. Revision options for graft failure are limited. Thus, patients with contraindications such as a body mass index that is >35 kg/m2, uncorrectable malalignment of the knee joint, concomitant knee pathology, or a history of corticosteroid and/or tobacco use should be appropriately counseled.
Predictive Value of Histologic Characteristics on Hormone Receptor and HER-2 Status of Patients with Invasive Breast Carcinoma, No Special Type, in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Elomina Kevin , Cagampan Ma. Carmen 
Published: June 2019

Objective: This study aims to assess the predictive value of histologic characteristics in determination of hormone receptor (ER/PR) and HER-2/Neu status in patients with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST).Methodology: A 4-year review of histopathology and immunohistochemistry reports of women diagnosed with invasive carcinoma NST, was done. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between histologic characteristics and ER and PR status, while multinomial multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between histologic characteristics and HER-2 status, and that between ER and PR expression, and HER-2 immunoreactivity. All analyses included age, pathologic tumor size, lymph node stage, and lymphovascular space invasion as covariates. Results: A total of 137 cases were included in the study. Architectural grade is a significant positive predictor of equivocal HER-2 status (P=0.026). Nuclear grade is a significant negative predictor of ER status (P=0.031). Elston score and Nottingham histologic grade showed no significant association with hormone receptor and HER-2 status. ER status demonstrated no significant association with HER-2 expression, but PR status appears to be a significant negative predictor of a strongly positive HER-2 status (P=0.035). Lymph node stage seems to be a significant positive predictor of an equivocal HER-2 status.Conclusion: Histologic characteristics can predict ER, PR, and HER-2 status, and interactions between expression of these markers provide some insights regarding the complex genetic interactions in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, and its translation into different histologic phenotypes.
Improving the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in classifying breast lesions: the potential value of S-detect for residents-in-training
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Xiao Mengsu , Jiang Yuxin , Liu He , Wang Ming , Wang Hongyan , Zhang Jing , Zhu Qingli 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

To explore the potential value of S-Detect™, a high-end computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) software system for residents-in-training.

Methods

Routine breast ultrasound (US) examinations were conducted and assessed by an experienced radiologist. Archived images of the lesions (including grayscale, color Doppler flow and elastography images) were retrospectively assessed by each of five in-training residents who were blinded to the histopathological findings and any other US diagnosis. The diagnostic performances of S-Detect™ and the five residents were measured and compared. Afterwards, category 4a lesions assessed by the residents were downgraded when classified as possibly benign by S-Detect™. The diagnostic performance of the integrated results was compared with the original results of the residents.

Results

A total of 195 focal breast lesions were consecutively enrolled, including 82 malignant lesions and 113 benign lesions. S-Detect™ presented higher specificity and area under the curve (AUC)than the residents. After combination with S-Detect™ in category 4a lesions, the specificity and AUC of the five residents were significantly improved. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the five residents also increased after integration.

Conclusions

With the help of the CAD software, the specificity, overall diagnostic performances and interobserver agreements of the residents greatly improved. S-Detect™ can be utilized as an assistant tool for residents-in-training in classifying breast lesions.
Absence of the celiac trunk: definition, classification, MDCT angiographic findings and their probable embryological mechanisms
Authors: Mao Yi , Tang Wei , Jin Bo , Kuang Lian-Qin , Zhang Jing , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify the types and prevalence of absence of the celiac trunk by using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, and analyze their probable embryological mechanisms. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 2,500 abdominal MDCT angiography images. The absence of the celiac trunk was defined as that the celiac trunk is not exist, more specifically, there is not such an arterial trunk containing at least two major branches of the celiac trunk. Various types of the absence of the celiac trunk were investigated. Results: Of the 2,500 patients, 19 (0.76%) patients were identified as an absence of the celiac trunk. According to its definition and classification, the absence of the celiac trunk could be divided into five types: type I (LGA + CHA + SA + SMA), type II (HM trunk + LGA + SA), type III (SM trunk + LGA + CHA), type IV (GM trunk + CHA + SA), and type V (other type); and these types were observed in 5 patients (0.20%), 9 patients (0.36%), 3 patients (0.12%), 0 patients (0.00%) and 2 (0.08%) patients, respectively. There were more examples of the types I and II than of the types III–V (P = 0.004). Conclusions: We systematically classified the absence of the celiac trunk based on its MDCT angiography findings. Abnormal interruptions and persistence of the longitudinal anastomosis, and regression of vascular root and emergence of replaced artery could all be the embryological mechanisms of various types of the absence of the celiac trunk.
James Clifford's Influence on Bronislaw Malinowski
Authors: Milenković Miloš 
Published: June 2019

Drawing on the explanation already offered for the confusion of positivism with realism in the epistemological imagination of the author and founder of postmodern anthropology, the paper analyzes the moral implications of dealing with problems characteristic of the philosophy of science by literary-theoretical means. The transdisciplinary migration of "realism" from literary theory to social science methodology has produced a whole new history of anthropology. The history of pre-postmodern anthropology constructed in this manner can be said to fit the register of some sort of comparative-cultural theory of retroactive moral judgement, complementing postmodern anthropology as a general theory of writing by political subjects, so that the theoretical-methodological dilemmas of postmodern anthropology do not constitute proof of the legitimacy of a holistic interpretation of the discipline’s founders’ intentions, but rather lead to neo-pyrrhonic, formalistic endeavours to uphold, by respecting academic trappings, the academic authority of the discipline whose subject, method and purpose, as a rule, even colleagues from adjacent departments for various reasons fail to understand. In the paper, evidence for this is derived from Clifford's writing of Malinowski, and the moral implications of the unfortunate analogy between the writing of political subjects and the writing of disciplinary founders are followed through. The paper then goes on to explain that the critique of the possibilities of misuse, particularly through political instrumentalization, of anthropological fictions as evidence of Others did not have to come at the cost of sacrificing the semblance of continuity in the establishment of anthropology as a proper academic discipline.
Hopes and Visions: Business, Culture and Capacity for Imagining Local Future in Southeast Serbia
Authors: Erdei Ildiko 
Published: June 2019

Knjaževac and its surroundings represent a local region that shares the destiny of the ‘global south’. The inhabitants perceive the region as neglected and forgotten by the state and political structures from the Belgrade ‘center’, claiming that Knjaževac is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped regions in Serbia. Nevertheless, in the last couple of years some fresh business and social development projects have been initiated, which has opened up prospects for imagining a new future for the local community.
The aim of the paper will be to present the current state of affairs in the domain of economic development in the region and to point to the cultural dimension of that process. Following Appadurai, I argue that economic development can not be accomplished without the capacity to imagine the future, and this capacity, in turn, gets stronger as development plans gain their real effects.
I will try to show how new business actors use common traditional cultural forms, such as belief in the skills and the power of fortunetellers, in imagining and legitimating a sense of self. I will also point to the other ways of evocation and "capturing" of the orientation toward future, as "project-oriented" thinking and acting of the local NGO, and "visionary" capacity reated to civic activism.
Board Games Reconsidered: Mancala in the Balkans
Authors: Bikić Vesna , Vuković Jasna 
Published: June 2019

Two mancala (one of the oldest games in the world) boards, which were found in the Lower Town of the Belgrade Fortress in 2006, present so far unique archaeological proof that this game was played in the region of the Balkan peninsula. Considering the fact that the knowledge regarding mancala is still quite modest, in this paper, we have also examined the different aspects of this game: the question of its origin, which is linked to the beginning of the Neolithic Age on the territories of Africa and the Near East; the link with the methods of geomantic divination; the anthropological knowledge regarding playing mancala in traditional communities; the distribution and the directions of its diffusion, as well as the archaeological finds in the area Mediterranean.
Reflexive Thinking - A Substitute for Analogy? An Example of a Debate on Ancient Economy
Authors: Kuzmanović Zorica 
Published: June 2019

Traditional debates on analogical thinking, which is at the root of all knowledge about the past, were founded on the scientific-methodological postulate of the striving for increased control of conditions that affect the research situation, that is, the pre-methodological consensus on the need for objectifying, depersonalizing and regulating research. Faithful to the inherited ideals of objective social science, the archaeological discussion on analogy has for decades focused exclusively on logical-epistemological issues of general methodology; however, it has actually contributed very little to overcoming the fact that the past is not objectively knowable.
By introducing the concept of reflexivity into the debate on the analogical character of archaeological thinking, the paper aims to recontextualize the analogy debate which aspires to the positivist ideals of a social science, into a debate on archaeology as a social practice which inevitably and continually draws analogies between the past and the present and thus establishes the meanings of the world we live in. Rethinking archaeological analogies by means of a conceptual apparatus developed in anthropological and sociological debates on reflexivity provides a new research perspective in which the use of analogies moves beyond the sphere of debates on logical consistency and becomes a social practice aware of the semantic and hence also political implications of the knowledge it produces.