bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Physical Atmosphere in the Great Lakes Region and Its Potential Impact on Air Quality—Overwater Stability and Satellite Assimilation
Authors: McNider Richard T. , Pour-Biazar Arastoo , Doty Kevin , White Andrew , Wu Yuling , Qin Momei , Hu Yongtao , Odman Talat , Cleary Patricia , Knipping Eladio , Dornblaser Bright , Lee Pius , Hain Christopher , McKeen Stuart 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh mixing ratios of ozone along the shores of Lake Michigan have been a recurring theme over the last 40 years. Models continue to have difficulty in replicating ozone behavior in the region. Although emissions and chemistry may play a role in model performance, the complex meteorological setting of the relatively cold lake in the summer ozone season and the ability of the physical model to replicate this environment may contribute to air quality modeling errors. In this paper, several aspects of the physical atmosphere that may affect air quality, along with potential paths to improve the physical simulations, are broadly examined. The first topic is the consistent overwater overprediction of ozone. Although overwater measurements are scarce, special boat and ferry ozone measurements over the last 15 years have indicated consistent overprediction by models. The roles of model mixing and lake surface temperatures are examined in terms of changing stability over the lake. From an analysis of a 2009 case, it is tentatively concluded that excessive mixing in the meteorological model may lead to an underestimate of mixing in offline chemical models when different boundary layer mixing schemes are used. This is because the stable boundary layer shear, which is removed by mixing in the meteorological model, can no longer produce mixing when mixing is rediagnosed in the offline chemistry model. Second, air temperature has an important role in directly affecting chemistry and emissions. Land–water temperature contrasts are critical to lake and land breezes, which have an impact on mixing and transport. Here, satellite-derived skin temperatures are employed as a path to improve model temperature performance. It is concluded that land surface schemes that adjust moisture based on surface energetics are important in reducing temperature errors.
Cognitive function in patients with coronary artery disease: A literature review
Authors: Burkauskas J. , Lang P. , Bunevičius A. , Neverauskas J. , Bučiūtė-Jankauskienė M. , Mickuvienė N. 
Published: August 2018

Objective Cognitive function impairment is a well-documented complication of cerebrovascular disease (CBVD). Less is known about what factors affect the deterioration of cognitive function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this review is to explore recent studies investigating factors associated with cognitive function in patients with CAD. Methods Studies published from 2010 to 2016 were identified through a systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed and were included if they addressed factors affecting cognitive function in the CAD population. Results Of the 227 publications identified, 32 were selected for the review. Five factors tentatively affecting cognitive function in patients with CAD were identified: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), medication use, and various hormones and biomarkers. Conclusion New techniques in CABG surgery have proven to alleviate postoperative cognitive decline. Researchers are still debating the effects of APOE4 genotype, LVEF, and the use of cardiovascular medications on cognitive function. Thyroid hormones and biomarkers are associated with cognitive function, but the exact nature of the association is debatable. Longitudinal studies should clarify those associations. In addition, cross-sectional studies addressing other causes of cognitive decline in patients with CAD are warranted.
Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting Among Preschool Children and Its Urban–Rural Disparities in Bangladesh
Authors: Akram Raisul , Sultana Marufa , Ali Nausad , Sheikh Nurnabi , Sarker Abdur Razzaque 
Published: August 2018

Background: Despite improvements in the reduction of child stunting rates over the last decade, poor nutritional status still remains a public health concern in Bangladesh, where young children are the most vulnerable. Objective: The objective of this study is to capture the prevalence and determinants of childhood stunting and document its urban–rural disparities in the context of Bangladesh. Methods: The study used data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey of 2014. A bivariate analysis was performed to find out the differentials in prevalence of stunting, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to also assess the association of stunting with potential risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of stunting was 36.3% and was significantly higher in rural (38.1%) areas than urban (31.2%) areas. In all 3 regression models, significantly higher odds were found among children aged 36 to 47 months compared to 6 to 12 months and among the children from the poorest households. In rural areas, male children were significantly more likely to be stunted (odds ratio = 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.53). Other significant risk factors for childhood stunting were maternal education and body mass index, children suffering from diarrhea, initial breast-feeding, and administrative divisions. Conclusions: Disparities exist among urban and rural areas regarding stunting among the children younger than 5 in Bangladesh, which need to be reduced. Public health policies and interventions need to consider the risk factors in urban and rural areas separately.
The roles of mechanotransduction, vascular wall cells, and blood cells in atheroma induction
Authors: Novikova Olga A , Laktionov Pavel P , Karpenko Andrey A 
Published: August 2018

Background This paper describes and analyzes the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis development. In particular, the roles of monocytes/macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelium in the formation of stable/unstable atheromatous plaques, and the contributions of some processes to atheroma formation. Methods and results In this study we analyzed endothelium: function, dysfunction, and involvement into atherogenesis; cell proteins mediating mechanotransduction; proatherogenic role of monocytes; the role of macrophages in the development of unstable atheromatous plaques and smooth muscle cell origin in atherosclerosis. Smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching; their functioning; the ability to retain cholesterol and lipoproteins as well as secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules and extracellular matrix proteins, their response to extracellular stimuli secreted by other cells, and the effect of smooth muscle cells on the cells surrounding atheromatous plaques are fundamentally important for the insight into atherosclerosis molecular basis. Conclusion Atheromatous plaque transcriptome studies will be helpful in the identification of the key genes involved in atheroma transformation and development as well as discovery of the new targets for diagnosis and therapy.
GLP-2 analog teduglutide significantly reduces need for parenteral nutrition and stool frequency in a real-life setting
Authors: Schoeler Marc , Klag Thomas , Wendler Judith , Bernhard Simon , Adolph Michael , Kirschniak Andreas , Goetz Martin , Malek Nisar , Wehkamp Jan 
Published: August 2018

Background: To evaluate the benefits of teduglutide in a real-life setting, we analyzed the data of 14 patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide. Additionally, we studied glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) receptor expression in samples of small intestinal and colonic tissue to provide explanations for clinical observations. Methods: Stool frequency and consistency, sensation of thirst, parental calorie or fluid uptake and the number of days on parenteral support per week were collected for up to 2 years. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of the GLP-2 receptor in healthy controls was performed to better understand clinical response in different patient subgroups. Results: There was a significant reduction in parenteral support after 24 and 48 weeks (by 11.0 and 36.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). Further major improvements were made in several patients after over 1 year (reduction by 79.3%, p < 0.05). The proportion of patients who reduced parenteral support by at least 20% was 33.3%, 54.5% and 71.3% after 24 weeks, 48 weeks and beyond 1 year, respectively. Patients on daily parenteral support showed late but strong amelioration. The reduction of thirst was the earliest marker for response. While stool consistency increased ( p < 0.01), stool frequency decreased ( p < 0.05) significantly after 12 weeks. This reduction was even more pronounced in patients with colon in continuity. Supporting these clinical observations, we found a stronger physiological expression of the GLP-2 receptor in the colon than in the small intestine. Conclusions: Patients benefit from teduglutide in a real-life setting, but in contrast to randomized, controlled studies reduction of parenteral support took longer. We identified early clinical markers of response, such as stool consistency and frequency as well as sensation of thirst. Clinical and molecular observations support the role of the colon as an important target organ of teduglutide.
Pain in AQP4-IgG-positive and MOG-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Asseyer Susanna , Schmidt Felix , Chien Claudia , Scheel Michael , Ruprecht Klemens , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Brandt Alexander U , Paul Friedemann 
Published: August 2018

Background Pain is a frequent symptom in aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin-G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (AQP4-IgG-pos. NMOSD). Data on pain in myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-immunoglobulin-G autoimmunity with a clinical NMOSD phenotype (MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD) are scarce. Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate pain in MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD, AQP4-IgG-pos. NMOSD and NMOSD without AQP4/MOG-IgG detection (AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. NMOSD). Methods Forty-nine MOG-IgG-pos. ( n = 14), AQP4-IgG-pos. ( n = 29) and AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. ( n = 6) NMOSD patients were included in this cross-sectional baseline analysis from an ongoing observational study. We identified spinal cord lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, assessed pain by the painDETECT and McGill Pain questionnaires, quality of life by Short Form Health Survey, and depression by Beck Depression Inventory. Results Twelve MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD patients (86%), 24 AQP4-IgG-pos. NMOSD patients (83%), and all AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. NMOSD patients (100%) suffered from pain. MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD patients had mostly neuropathic pain and headache; AQP4-IgG-pos. and AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. NMOSD patients had mostly neuropathic pain. A history of myelitis was less frequent in MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD than in AQP4-IgG-pos. NMOSD patients. Pain influenced quality of life in all patients. Thirty-six percent of patients with pain received pain medication; none of them were free of pain. Conclusions Pain is a frequent symptom of patients with MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD and is as important as in AQP4-IgG-pos. and AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. NMOSD. Despite its impact on quality of life, pain is insufficiently alleviated by medication.
Incidence of Immediate Extubation After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Predictors for Reintubation
Authors: Shinkawa Takeshi , Tang Xinyu , Gossett Jeffrey M. , Dasgupta Rahul , Schmitz Michael L. , Gupta Punkaj , Imamura Michiaki 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The objectives were to assess the incidence of immediate tracheal extubation in the operating room after pediatric cardiac surgery and to investigate predictors for subsequent reintubation. Methods: This is a single institutional retrospective study including all patients who had a cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass from 2011 to 2016. Patients who required preoperative ventilator support, postoperative open chest, or mechanical support were excluded. Predictors for reintubation after immediate extubation were analyzed only for patients with stage II palliation for single ventricle physiology. Results: Nine hundred nine qualifying operations were identified. Immediate extubation was performed in 590 (64.9%) operations. A multivariable logistic regression model showed that the identities of anesthesiologist ( P = .0003), year of the operation performed ( P < .001), cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P < .001), and type of operations ( P < .001) were significantly associated with immediate extubation. Reintubation was significantly less frequent in patients with immediate extubation compared to those without (6.1% vs 15.0%; P < .001). A subgroup analysis for stage II palliation showed that reintubation after immediate extubation was significant for younger age (0.42 vs 0.54 years, P = .044), lower Po2/Fio2 and Po2 at the last blood gas analysis (66 vs 98 mm Hg, P = .032 and 39 vs 47 mm Hg, P = .008), and higher inotropic score (2 vs 0, P = .034). A multivariable logistic regression model showed that only inotropic score was significantly associated with reintubation ( P = .018). Conclusions: Immediate extubation in the operating room after pediatric cardiac surgery can be performed in most patients. Inotropic score is a predictor for reintubation in stage II palliation.
Distal Aortic Arch Hypoplasia and Coarctation Repair: A Tailored Enlargement Technique
Authors: Poncelet Alain J. , Henkens Arnaud , Sluysmans Thierry , Moniotte Stephane , de Beco Geoffroy , Momeni Mona , Detaille Thierry , Rubay Jean E. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Several techniques have been described to correct coarctation associated with distal arch hypoplasia. However, in neonates, residual gradients are frequently encountered and influence long-term outcome. We reviewed our experience with an alternative technique of repair combining carotid–subclavian angioplasty and extended end-to-end anastomosis. Methods: From 1998 through 2014, 109 neonates (median age, 9 days) with coarctation and distal arch hypoplasia (n = 106) or type A interrupted aortic arch (n = 3) underwent repair using this technique. Thirty patients had isolated lesions (group 1), 44 associated ventricular septal defect (group 2), and 35 associated complex cardiac lesions (group 3). Median follow-up was 98 months. Results: Repair was performed via left thoracotomy in 97%. There was one procedural-related death (0.9%) and overall five patients died during index admission (4.6%). Ten deaths were recorded at follow-up. Actuarial five-year survival was 86% (100% in group 1, 91% group 2, and 66% in group 3). Recurrent coarctation (clinical or invasive gradient >20 mm Hg) developed in 15 patients, all but 2 successfully treated by balloon dilatation. Freedom from any reintervention (dilatation or surgery) at five years was 86%. Only two patients were on antihypertensive drugs at last follow-up. Conclusions: This combined technique to correct distal arch hypoplasia and isthmic coarctation results in low mortality and acceptable recurrence rate. It preserves the left subclavian artery and allows enlargement of the distal arch diameter. Late outcome is excellent with very low prevalence of late arterial hypertension.
Symptomatic Tetralogy of Fallot in Young Infants: Primary Repair or Shunt—Pediatric Health Information System Database Analysis
Authors: Ramakrishnan Karthik V. , Zurakowski David , Pastor William , Jonas Richard A. , Sinha Pranava 
Published: August 2018

Background: Compare the early outcomes and hospital charges of early primary repair and systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt for neonates and young infants (≤90 days of age) with tetralogy of Fallot using data from the Pediatric Health Information System database. Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried for patients <90 days of age with primary diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot who underwent nonelective surgical repair or palliation between January 2008 and December 2014. The initial cohort of 821 patients (group 1 early primary repair, N = 554; group 2 systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt, N = 267) was propensity score matched (248 patients in each group) to account for baseline imbalances in age and prostaglandin use. Results: Comparison of unmatched groups revealed younger age and higher incidence of extracardiac anomalies ( P = .02) and prematurity ( P = .04) in group 2. Mortality was comparable between the groups (group 1: 20 [4%] of 554 vs group 2: 11 [4%] of 267, P = .74). Irrespective of the type of procedure, prematurity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-7.4) and extracardiac anomalies (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2-5.3) were independent risk factors for mortality. Propensity score–matched analysis revealed no significant differences in patient mortality ( P = 1), duration of ventilation ( P = .64), hospital length of stay ( P = .69), or hospital charges ( P = .08) between the two groups. Conclusion: Outcomes and hospital charges associated with nonelective early primary repair are comparable to systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt in symptomatic patients <90 days old with tetralogy of Fallot.
Outcome-based interpretation of early interim PET in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kobe Carsten , Goergen Helen , Baues Christian , Kuhnert Georg , Voltin Conrad-Amadeus , Zijlstra Josée , Hoekstra Otto , Mettler Jasmin , Drzezga Alexander , Engert Andreas , Borchmann Peter , Dietlein Markus 
Published: August 2018

Key Points
DS4 is recommended as the cutoff value for PET-2 positivity after 2 cycles eBEACOPP for advanced-stage HL.
Self‐reported social and activity restrictions accompany local impairments in posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a systematic review
Authors: Ross Megan H. , Smith Michelle , Plinsinga Melanie L. , Vicenzino Bill 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPosterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a painful, progressive tendinopathy that reportedly predominates in middle‐age, overweight women. There is no evidence based guidelines that clinicians can use to guide treatment planning, which leaves clinicians to make decisions on the basis of presenting clinical impairments and self‐reported pain and disability. The purpose of this systematic review was to quantify clinical impairments, pain and disability in individuals with PTTD compared with controls.MethodsFive databases were searched for terms referring to the posterior tibial tendon and flatfoot up to and including 11 March 2018. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD: 42016046951). Studies were eligible if they were published in the English language and contained data on clinical impairments, pain or disability compared between participants diagnosed with PTTD and pain‐free individuals. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were calculated where possible and meta‐analysis was performed when homogeneity of outcomes allowed.ResultsTen eligible studies were identified and pooled in the meta‐analyses. Strong effects were revealed for poor heel rise endurance (SMD ‐1.52, 95% CI ‐2.05 to − 0.99), less forefoot adduction‐inversion strength (SMD ‐1.19, 95% CI ‐1.68 to − 0.71) and lower arch height (SMD ‐1.76, 95% CI ‐2.29 to − 1.23). Compared to controls, individuals with PTTD also had more self‐reported stiffness (SMD 1.45, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.99), difficulties caused by foot problems (SMD 1.42, 95% CI 0.52 to 2.33) and social restrictions (SMD1.26, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.27).ConclusionThere is evidence of impaired tibialis posterior capacity and lowered arch height in individuals with PTTD compared to controls. Further to addressing the expected impairments in local tendon function and foot posture, pain, stiffness, functional limitations and social participation restrictions should be considered when managing PTTD.
Indoor mould testing in a historic building: Blickling Hall
Authors: Aktas Yasemin Didem , Shi Jiaqi , Blades Nigel , D’Ayala Dina 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Indoor mould growth is a growing concern for all stakeholders of built environment, including residents, builders, insurance and building remediation industry as well as custodians of heritage buildings. The National Trust has reported this problem in a number of buildings under their ownership, and developed solutions and fine-tuned their maintenance programme so as to minimise indoor and surface mould growth risk. This paper reports findings from an extensive mould-testing scheme in Blickling Hall, a National Trust property in Norfolk, England, for an appraisal of airborne and surface mould levels within a total of eight rooms, including the famous Long Gallery. The testing protocol used combines active (aggressive) air sampling and surface sampling, analysis of the β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA) activity to quantify mould levels and particle counting. The results show that the airborne mould levels are quite low in all spaces, due to satisfactory maintenance of indoor hygrothermal conditions by conservation heating. On the other hand, while the National Trust’s developed solutions and maintenance programme have proved effective to avoid surface mould growth in those locations that historically suffered from microbial activity (such as behind book presses, picture frames and tapestries), the results show that the surface cleaning around windows should be improved to tackle surface water due to condensation, which is considered to be the main driver behind high surface NAHA activity obtained in these areas.
Subjective memory complaints after electroconvulsive therapy: systematic review
Authors: Vann Jones Simon , McCollum Rick 
Published: August 2018

Aims and methodFew studies have looked at subjective memory impairment from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) after treatment completion. We aimed to systematically review all available evidence for subjective post-treatment effects.ResultsWe included 16 studies in this review. There was considerable between-study heterogeneity in clinical population, ECT modality and assessment scales used. The most common assessment scale (eight studies) was the Squire Subjective Memory Questionnaire. The majority of studies reported an improvement in subjective memory after ECT, which correlated with improved depression scores. Subjective complaints were fewer in studies that used ultra-brief pulse ECT. Longer pulse widths were associated with more subjective complaints, as was female gender and younger age of treatment in the largest study.Clinical implicationsThere is considerable heterogeneity between studies, limiting meaningful conclusions. Ultra-brief pulse ECT appears to result in fewer subjective complaints.Declaration of interestNone.