bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How student can improve their experimental ability: The effect of perception of uncertainty
Authors: Zakwandi R , Sari I M , Prakoso A S , Nurhalim A A F , Fathinah H N , Aqquilla R A , Purwasih D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study analyzed the relationship between students’ perceptions of uncertainty in physics and their experimental skills. Data collection was conducted in two stages: uncertainty perception assessment with 85 students and experimental skills testing with 133 students. Data analysis was performed in three stages: reduction, transformation (using the Rasch model), and interpretation (qualitative and quantitative). The results showed that more than 50% of students still needed clarification in applying the concept of uncertainty during experimental activities. Most students found using the uncertainty concept challenging and confusing, indicating the need for improved teaching methods. This confusion significantly impacted students’ scores on the experimental skills test, with an average score of 55.49 out of 100. However, in contrast, the students have recognized that this approach is critical to improving the accuracy and precision of measurement results. Therefore, this finding highlights a crucial area for improvement in physics learning, particularly in enhancing students’ experimental skills by equipping them to understand and apply the concept of uncertainty.
Material characterization and dyeing efficacy of catappa leaves powder for sustainable textile applications.
Authors: Kusumastuti A , Cahyani I W N , Atika  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Application of catappa (Terminalia catappa) leaves as a natural dye for textile applications was investigated. The study was focused on the effects of different filler types and solvent concentrations. The analyzed quality indicators of dye and process efficiency were water content, percentage rendement, chromaticity, and color difference. Water content was defined gravimetrically, revealing that filler type and solvent concentration significantly generated different results. Catappa leaves powder produced with maltodextrin generally had a lower water content. In comparison, those produced made by adding gum Arabic and no filler revealed higher moisture content, especially those treated using higher ethanol concentrations. The system obtained the highest percentage rendement using gum Arabic at ethanol concentrations of 96%, reaching a yield of 10.64%. Samples with maltodextrin consistently resulted in moderate yields, in which percentage rendement increased by the increase of solvent concentration. Chromaticity data indicated significant variations in lightness (L*), red-green (a*), and yellow-blue (b*) values depending on the filler type and solvent concentration. Hue angles ranged widely, demonstrating the dye’s capacity to produce diverse color shades. Color difference (dE*ab) analysis revealed considerable variability, ranging from 24.95 to 129.31. The lowest color differences were observed on a sample without filler at an ethanol concentration of 50%, indicating more consistent coloration. The study confirms the feasibility of using catappa leaves as a natural dye, with favorable extraction yield and color properties results. Samples produced by gum Arabic and ethanol concentration of 96% appeared as the optimal combination for achieving the best yield and color consistency balance. However, further optimization of the extraction and application processes is needed to enhance dye uniformity and stability. This research supports the potential of catappa leaves dye as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic dyes in textile applications, contributing to sustainable practices in the industry.
Physics-informed Arduino uno-based water channel height monitoring sensor: STEAMscape and effective mitigation of flood hazards
Authors: Prasadana R G , Sari A F , Budimansyah A C J Z Z , Youlanda A T , Hariyono E , Hidaayatullaah H N , Utami P L , Suprapto N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The development of technology increasingly allows the integration of smart systems that can improve efficiency and comfort in various aspects of human life. This research aims to develop and implement an Arduino Uno-based water level monitoring system as part of the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) approach to increase effectiveness in dealing with flood threats. The system utilizes ultrasonic sensors to measure the water level in real time, with the data displayed on an LCD screen and sent to the control center for further analysis. The results show that the system can accurately detect water level rise and provide early warning, thus enabling quick and appropriate mitigation actions. Implementing this technology improves flood risk management and enriches the educational curriculum with practical applications of IoT technology in the context of environment and disaster. The STEAM approach in developing this system strengthens technical and analytical skills and encourages creativity and collaboration. Thus, this monitoring system contributes significantly to flood risk reduction and better water resources management and provides added value in education and technology.
Thermal emittance measurements of a bi-alkali photocathode based on the high voltage DC photogun beamline
Authors: Xu Zhongxiang , Zhao Yonglong , Liu Zhongqi , Xie Huamu , Huang Senlin , Lin Lin , Quan Shengwen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
At the SRF Laboratory of Peking University, we utilized the
-100 kV high-voltage DC photogun to employ the solenoid scan
method for measuring the thermal emittance of CsK2Sb
photocathode. Various laser wavelengths were employed at very low
currents, leading to a negligible space charge effect. Additionally,
we conducted measurements of the CsK2Sb photocathode's thermal
emittance at a wavelength of 520 nm under different high voltages,
(HV), establishing that the Schottky effect caused by the high voltage
essentially unaffected the thermal emittance in the range of
50 kV ∼ 100 kV.
Physical and mechanical properties of burnt-out coal mine waste heaps
Authors: Kostenko V K , Bohomaz O P , Tavrel M I , Hlushko I O , Kostenko T V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Currently, the issue of finding new ways to process, utilize and reuse burnt-out waste heaps in order to reduce their technogenic impact on the environment becomes relevant. The presence of a porous structure in combination with undissolved properties opens up the possibility of using the burnt-out mine rock to make composite fertilizers to improve the quality of agricultural and technogenically degraded soils. The widespread use of burnt-out mine rock for the manufacture of composite soils requires the study of their physical and chemical properties and deformation characteristics. In laboratory conditions, the physical and mechanical properties of samples of burnt-out rock masses ranging in size from 1.25 to 10 mm with and without the addition of powdered soil under a load of up to 110 kN were studied. For the first time, a certain increase in load resistance was found when soil powder was added in the initial period of compression of the tested material. It was determined that the destruction of particles of burnt-out material occurs in two waves. These results indicate the presence of two strength limits in the burnt-out medium composed of two initial petrotypes.
A school that prepares for sustainability management: the case of the Palau model
Authors: Kravchenko M O , Nesterenko K O , Shabanov D A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Humanity’s transition to sustainable development requires society to have a culture of decision-making that takes into account the long-term perspective of interaction with complex systems that demonstrate a non-linear response to impacts. Modern school education does not teach to make such decisions, which may be one of the reasons why modern schooling is in crisis. To provide useful experience for real-life decision-making, the authors propose including interaction with simulation models in education. In this work, we talk about the experience of independently creating and using such a model in the educational process. The authors proposed a model that teaches how to find optimal ways of using fish stocks in several interconnected water areas. In honor of the experience of the Republic of Palau popularized by David Attenborough, this model is named Palau model. The dynamics of such a system are counterintuitive, where restrictions on fishing ultimately lead to an increase in fish catches. The work describes the logic behind the Palau model calculations and discusses its implementation using the R language that facilitates the study of its properties. In the 2021 pedagogical experiment, the model was implemented using Google Sheets for 10th and 11th-grade high school students. Despite the lack of experimental data, the experiment showed the admissibility of using such models in the real educational process. The authors consider the development and testing of similar educational tools to be promising.
Application of prefabricated retaining walls with increased shear resistance to ensure tailings dam stability
Authors: Timchenko R O , Krishko D A , Ya Kozariz V , Nastich O B , Tiutkin O L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tailings ponds and sludge storage facilities do not currently meet modern standards that regulate the requirements for operational safety, reliability, stability and durability. The research considers new constructive solutions for retaining walls with increased shear resistance due to passive soil resistance. Schemes and designs of tailings dams are analyzed. A comparative analysis is carried out using recommended methods to determine the safety factor for the design slip curves. The regularities of the influence of multilayer nonlinearly deformed backfill and external loads are established and new principles for determining the horizontal pressure on the retaining wall are formulated. The development of new design solutions for retaining walls and calculation methods for determining the lateral pressure of multilayer backfill is an urgent scientific task. Consideration of the influence of a multilayer nonlinearly deformed massif under external loading allows formulating new principles for determining the horizontal pressure on the retaining wall.
Development of dephosphorization technology for iron ores with high phosphorus content
Authors: Oliinyk T A , Sklyar L V , Kushniruk N V , Shapovalova N N , Oliinyk M O 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The main methods of removing phosphorus and sulfur from iron ores, as well as magnetite and hematite concentrates, were analyzed. For effective dephosphorization of hematite concentrates, it is necessary to use direct cationic flotation of apatite, with the help of which it is possible to remove more than 74% of phosphorus from the concentrate. As a result of the analysis of the conducted research and the synthesis of the obtained scientific results, a technology was developed for removing phosphorus from iron concentrates. This technology allows for the reduction of the phosphorus content from 0.14% to 0.04%. Chemical methods – alkaline or acid leaching with separation of the leached concentrate – are the most common ways to dephosphorylate metal-containing ores. Research on chemical methods of cleaning ores and iron ore concentrates is carried out in the following directions: leaching with alkali solutions; acid leaching at different temperatures; and leaching of impurities in autoclaves. The conditions of leaching of poor hydrogethite high-phosphorus concentrates at high and low temperatures were investigated. The proposed technology of leaching samples of poor hydrogethite high-phosphorus concentrates at high and low temperatures allows us to claim that the parameters of the firing process allow the recrystallization of iron and therefore contribute to the access of mineral acid to particles containing phosphorus.
Why is roll-out of long-acting PrEP agents so slow?
Authors: Patel Rupa R. , Mayer Kenneth H. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
Injectable cabotegravir for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective, yet global implementation has been slow. We review factors which have contributed to the delayed roll-out of this medication.

Recent findings
Fifty-three countries have approved cabotegravir for HIV prevention yet roll-out has been slow. Cabotegravir made up 2.5% of all U.S. PrEP prescriptions in 2023 and is very slowly increasing after FDA approval in 2021. Medication has not been available outside of implementation science studies in Africa and Asia. There is a lengthy process for generic medication production despite agreements signed in 2021; the first available generic dose is not anticipated until 2027. In the United States, where some of the cabotegravir medication costs can be covered under individual insurance plans, high costs and medication acquisition pathways for health centers have been complex, contributing to national implementation delays. The intensity of the staffing required for medication acquisition, insurance paperwork filing, process documentation, billing, injection administration, appointment scheduling, missed appointment monitoring and client follow up has burdened healthcare organizations.

Summary
Injectable cabotegravir PrEP has not reaped its potential to be an alternative in those for whom adherence to a daily PrEP pill is challenging. Lessons learned regarding cabotegravir medication acquisition pathways and clinical delivery strategies can inform the rollout of future HIV prevention long-acting agents.
Postnatal Zika and Dengue Infection and their Effects on Neurodevelopment Among Children Living in Rural Guatemala
Authors: Asturias Edwin J. , Connery Amy K. , Olson Daniel , Lamb Molly M. , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Anderson Evan J. , Focht Chris , Colbert Alison M. , Natrajan Muktha , Waggoner Jesse J. , Scherer Erin , Calvimontes D. Mirella , Bolaños Guillermo A. , Bauer Desirée , Arroyave Paola , Hernández Sara , Martinez Maria A. , Ralda Aida V. , Rojop Neudy , Barrios Edgar E. , Chacon Andrea , Dempsey Walla , Tomashek Kay M. , Keitel Wendy A. , El Sahly Hana M. , Muñoz Flor M. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to microcephaly and adverse neurodevelopment. The effects of postnatal ZIKV infection on the developing brain are unknown. We assessed the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children exposed postnatally during the ZIKV epidemic.

Methods:
A prospective study enrolled infants 0–3 months of age and their mothers, and children 1.5–3.5 years of age in rural Guatemala from 2017 and were followed for 12 months until 2019. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) infections were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using active surveillance. Serological analyses, stratified by age group flavivirus serostatus at enrollment, were conducted using a focus reduction neutralization test.

Results:
Of 1371 enrolled participants, 1187 (86.6%) completed the study. No PCR-confirmed ZIKV infections were identified during the study period. One-third of 1.5–3.5-year-old children were ZIKV-seropositive at enrollment (likely postnatal infection). Twenty participants (5.8%) tested positive for DENV by PCR (11 infants, 5 children and 4 mothers); 15 (75%) were DENV-3 infections and 5 were DENV-2. The incidence of DENV infection in infants was 2.6%. No significant differences in MSEL scores were found between infants born seropositive versus seronegative for ZIKV or DENV. DENV seropositivity at enrollment in 1.5–5-year-old children was associated with lower MSEL scores for fine motor, visual reception and language, and microcephaly at 12 months versus seronegative children (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Postnatal ZIKV infection in children from rural Guatemala was not associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. DENV seropositivity was associated with a higher risk of microcephaly in infants and worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
Physical Activity Monitoring in Children in the 1-Year After 3 or More Days of Invasive Ventilation: Feasibility of Using Accelerometers
Authors: Maddux Aline B. , Miller Kristen R. , Sierra Yamila L. , Bennett Tellen D. , Watson R. Scott , Spear Matthew , Pyle Laura L. , Mourani Peter M. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
To measure physical activity in a cohort of children who survived greater than or equal to 3 days of invasive ventilation.

Design:
Prospective cohort study (2018–2021).

Setting:
Quaternary children’s hospital PICU.

Patients:
Children (2–17 yr old) without a preexisting tracheostomy who were ambulatory pre-illness and received greater than or equal to 3 days of invasive ventilation.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We measured duration and intensity of physical activity using hip- (< 6 yr old) or wrist- (≥ 6 yr old) worn ActiGraph GT3XP-BTLE accelerometers (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL) for 7 days at three timepoints: hospital discharge, 3 months, and 12 months post-discharge. We measured duration of moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and nonsedentary activity, both characterized as percent of total awake wear time and total minutes per day. We categorized participants based on when they first attained a “high activity” day defined as greater than or equal to 60 minutes of MVPA or a day with percent of MVPA in the top quartile of all days measured. We evaluated 55 children of whom 43 (78%) had data from greater than or equal to 1 timepoint including 19 (35%) with data from all timepoints. Maximum daily MVPA increased across the three post-discharge timepoints (median, 16.0 min [interquartile range (IQR), 8.0–42.8 min], 48.3 min [27.8–94.3 min], and 68.4 min [34.7–111.0 min], respectively) as did maximum daily percent of awake wear time in MVPA (median, 4.3% [IQR, 2.8–9.0%], 10.1% [5.7–14.4%], and 11.1% [7.1–17.5%], respectively). Of the 43 participants, 27 achieved a high activity day: nine of 43 during the hospital discharge period, 14 of 43 during the 3 months post-discharge period, and four of 43 during the 12 months post-discharge period; 16 of 43 did not demonstrate high activity during the post-discharge year.

Conclusions:
In the 1-year after PICU discharge measuring physical activity with accelerometers in children 2–17 years old is feasible. Furthermore, demonstration of variable recovery trajectories in our pilot cohort suggests it has potential to be an outcome measure in clinical trials.
T1WI Radiomics Analysis of Anterior Scalene Muscle: A Preliminary Application in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Sun Meng , Fang Le , Tang Peiyun , Wang Fangruyue , Jiang Ling , Wang Tianwei 
Published: December 2024

Aim
This study aimed to analyze the differences in radiomic features of the anterior scalene muscle and evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI-based radiomics model for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS).

Materials and Methods
Imaging data of patients with NTOS who underwent preoperative brachial plexus magnetic resonance neurography were collected and were randomly divided into training and test groups. The anterior scalene muscle area was sliced in the T1WI sequence as the region of interest for the extraction of radiomics features. The most significant features were identified using feature selection and dimensionality-reduction methods. Various machine learning algorithms were applied to construct regression models. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results
Totally, 267 radiomics features were extracted, of which 57 showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the abnormal and normal anterior scalene muscle groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model identified 13 optimal radiomic features with nonzero coefficients for constructing the model. In the training set, the AUROCs of diagnostic models built by different machine learning algorithms, ranked from highest to lowest, were as follows: support vector machine (SVM), 0.953; multilayer perception (MLP), 0.936; logistic regression (LR), 0.926; light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), 0.906; and K-nearest neighbors (KNN), 0.813. In the testing set, the rankings were as follows: LR, 0.933; SVM, 0.886; KNN, 0.843; LightGBM, 0.824; and MLP, 0.706.

Conclusions
NTOS is attributed to anterior scalene muscle abnormalities and exhibits distinct radiomic features. Integrating these features with machine learning can improve traditional manual image interpretation, offering further clarity in NTOS diagnosis.
Intestinal epithelial-specific occludin deletion worsens gut permeability and survival following sepsis
Authors: Yumoto Tetsuya , Oami Takehiko , Liang Zhe , Burd Eileen M. , Ford Mandy L. , Turner Jerrold R. , Coopersmith Craig M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Sepsis induces intestinal hyperpermeability, which is associated with higher mortality. Occludin is a tight junction protein that plays a critical role in regulating disease-associated intestinal barrier loss. This study examined the role of intestinal occludin on gut barrier function and survival in a pre-clinical model of sepsis. Intestinal epithelial-specific occludin knockout (occludin KOIEC) mice and wild type controls were subjected to intra-abdominal sepsis and sacrificed at pre-determined endpoints for mechanistic studies or followed for survival. Occludin KOIEC mice had a significant increase in intestinal permeability, that was induced only in the setting of sepsis as knockout mice and control mice had similar baseline permeability. The worsened barrier was specific to the leak pathway of permeability, without changes in either the pore or unrestricted pathways. Increased sepsis-induced permeability was associated with increased levels of the tight junction ZO-1 in occludin KOIEC mice. Occludin KOIEC mice also had significant increases in systemic cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1and increased bacteremia. Further, occludin KOIEC mice had higher levels of jejunal IL-1β and MCP-1 as well as increased MCP-1 and IL-17A in the peritoneal fluid although peritoneal bacteria levels were unchanged. Notably, 7-day mortality was significantly higher in occludin KOIEC mice following sepsis. Occludin thus plays a critical role in preserving gut barrier function and mediating survival during sepsis, associated with alterations in inflammation and bacteremia. Agents that preserve occludin function may represent a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of sepsis.