bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional co‐repressor SIN3A silencing rescues decline in memory consolidation during scopolamine‐induced amnesia
Authors: Srivas Sweta , Thakur Mahendra K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEpigenetic modifications through methylation of DNA and acetylation of histones modulate neuronal gene expression and regulate long‐term memory. Earlier we demonstrated that scopolamine‐induced decrease in memory consolidation is correlated with enhanced expression of hippocampal DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in mice. DNMT1 and HDAC2 act together by recruiting a co‐repressor complex and deacetylating the chromatin. The catalytic activity of HDACs is mainly dependent on its incorporation into multiprotein co‐repressor complexes, among which SIN3A‐HDAC2 co‐repressor is widely studied to regulate synaptic plasticity. However, the involvement of co‐repressor complex in regulating memory loss or amnesia is unexplored. This study examines the role of co‐repressor SIN3A in scopolamine‐induced amnesia through epigenetic changes in the hippocampus. Scopolamine treatment remarkably enhanced hippocampal SIN3A expression in mice. To prevent such increase in SIN3A expression, we used hippocampal infusion of SIN3A‐siRNA and assessed the effect of SIN3A silencing on scopolamine‐induced amnesia. Silencing of SIN3A in amnesic mice reduced the binding of HDAC2 at neuronal immediate early genes (IEGs) promoter, but did not change the expression of HDAC2. Furthermore, it increased acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 at neuronal IEGs (Arc, Egr1, Homer1 and Narp) promoter, prevented scopolamine‐induced down‐regulation of IEGs and improved consolidation of memory during novel object recognition task. These findings together suggest that SIN3A has a critical role in regulation of synaptic plasticity and might act as a potential therapeutic target to rescue memory decline during amnesia and other neuropsychiatric pathologies.
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Long‐wave plasma radiofrequency ablation for treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum
Authors: Baroni Adone 
Published: March 2018

SummaryXanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common type of xanthoma affecting the eyelids. It is characterized by asymptomatic soft yellowish macules, papules, or plaques over the upper and lower eyelids. Many treatments are available for management of xanthelasma palpebrarum, the most commonly used include surgical excision, ablative CO2 or erbium lasers, nonablative Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser, trichloroacetic acid peeling, and radiofrequency ablation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of RF ablation in the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum, with D.A.S. Medical portable device (Technolux, Italia), a radiofrequency tool working with long‐wave plasma energy and without anesthesia. Twenty patients, 15 female and 5 male, affected by xanthelasma palpebrarum, were enrolled for long‐wave plasma radiofrequency ablation treatment. The treatment consisted of 3/4 sessions that were carried out at intervals of 30 days. Treatments were well tolerated by all patients with no adverse effects and optimal aesthetic results. The procedure is very fast and can be performed without anesthesia because of the low and tolerable pain stimulation. Long‐wave plasma radiofrequency ablation is an effective option for treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum and adds an additional tool to the increasing list of medical devices for aesthetic treatments.
Collagen type III and elastin genes polymorphism and the risk of nonsyndromic striae
Authors: Kasielska‐Trojan Anna , Pietrusiński Michał , Borowiec Maciej , Antoszewski Bogusław 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundStriae have been reported to be one of the most common skin lesions and a commonly encountered esthetic problem.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to examine elastin gene polymorphism (rs7787362, ELN) and collagen type III alpha 1 polymorphism (rs1800255, COL3A1) among polish woman population with SD in comparison with women without the lesions and to verify these polymorphisms as risk factors for SD.MethodsSeventy female students (35 with striae (the mean age 23.9 years, SD 1.2 years) and 35 without these lesions (22.9 years, SD 1.7 years)) were included in the study. The subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire including questions concerning risk factors for SD and had a cheek swabbed for cells for DNA isolation.ResultsAnalysis of polymorphisms of elastin gene (rs7787362) and COL3A1 gene (rs1800255) showed that women with SD and without these lesions did not differ in these aspects. Polymorphism rs7787362 was also analyzed in relation to SD in different locations, and showed no differences.ConclusionIn conclusion, we found that there are some clinical factors that reduced the risk of SD: history of intended weight loss, negative family history of SD, and lower BMI. Gene polymorphisms analysis in patients with SD may help to establish the etiology of these lesions and to target the therapy. Analysis of polymorphisms of elastin gene (rs7787362) did not show differences in allele distribution between women with and without SD. Polymorphisms of COL3A1 gene (rs1800255) also did not differ between the examined groups.
What are they talking about? Content of the communication exchanges between nurses, patients and relatives in a department of medicine for older people—An ethnographic study
Authors: Johnsson Anette , Wagman Petra , Boman Åse , Pennbrant Sandra 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore and describe the content of the communication exchanges between nurses, patients and their relatives in a department of medicine for older people in western Sweden.BackgroundInformation, messages and knowledge are constantly being communicated between nurses, older patients and relatives in the healthcare sector. The quality of communication between them has a major influence on patient outcomes. A prerequisite for good care to be given and received is that there is mutual understanding between the parties involved.DesignAn ethnographic study was informed by a sociocultural perspective.MethodData were collected through 40 participatory observations of meetings between nurses and older patients and/or relatives which covered 135 hr of nurse‐patient‐relative interaction, field notes, 40 field conversations with 24 nurses and 40 field conversations with patients (n = 40) and relatives (n = 26). Five semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurses. An ethnographic analysis was performed.ResultsThe analysis identified three categories of content of the communication exchanges: medical content focusing on the patient's medical condition, personal content focusing on the patient's life story and explanatory content focusing on the patient's health and nursing needs. The content is influenced by the situation and context.ConclusionsNurses would benefit from more awareness and understanding of the importance of the communication content and of the value of asking the didactic questions (how, when, what and why) to improve the patients’ and relatives’ understanding of the information exchanges and to increase patient safety.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can use the communication content to create conditions enabling them to obtain a holistic view of the patient's life history and to develop an appropriate person‐centred care plan.
Voices used by nurses when communicating with patients and relatives in a department of medicine for older people—An ethnographic study
Authors: Johnsson Anette , Boman Åse , Wagman Petra , Pennbrant Sandra 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo describe how nurses communicate with older patients and their relatives in a department of medicine for older people in western Sweden.BackgroundCommunication is an essential tool for nurses when working with older patients and their relatives, but often patients and relatives experience shortcomings in the communication exchanges. They may not receive information or are not treated in a professional way. Good communication can facilitate the development of a positive meeting and improve the patient's health outcome.DesignAn ethnographic design informed by the sociocultural perspective was applied.MethodsForty participatory observations were conducted and analysed during the period October 2015–September 2016. The observations covered 135 hours of nurse–patient–relative interaction. Field notes were taken, and 40 informal field conversations with nurses and 40 with patients and relatives were carried out. Semistructured follow‐up interviews were conducted with five nurses.ResultsIn the result, it was found that nurses communicate with four different voices: a medical voice described as being incomplete, task‐oriented and with a disease perspective; a nursing voice described as being confirmatory, process‐oriented and with a holistic perspective; a pedagogical voice described as being contextualised, comprehension‐oriented and with a learning perspective; and a power voice described as being distancing and excluding. The voices can be seen as context‐dependent communication approaches. When nurses switch between the voices, this indicates a shift in the orientation or situation.ConclusionThe results indicate that if nurses successfully combine the voices, while limiting the use of the power voice, the communication exchanges can become a more positive experience for all parties involved and a good nurse–patient–relative communication exchange can be achieved.Relevance to clinical practiceWorking for improved communication between nurses, patients and relatives is crucial for establishing a positive nurse–patient–relative relationship, which is a basis for improving patient care and healthcare outcomes.
Exploring staff perceptions and experiences of volunteers and visitors on the hospital ward at mealtimes using an ethnographic approach
Authors: Ottrey Ella , Palermo Claire , Huggins Catherine E. , Porter Judi 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore multiple perspectives and experiences of volunteer and visitor involvement and interactions at hospital mealtimes. In addition, to understand how the volunteer and visitor role at mealtimes is perceived within the hospital system.BackgroundMealtime assistance can improve patients’ food intake and mealtime experience. Barriers to providing mealtime assistance include time pressures, staff availability and inadequate communication. Volunteers and visitors can encourage and assist patients at mealtimes. There is a lack of evidence on the relationship between hospital staff, volunteers and visitors.DesignA qualitative, ethnographic approach.MethodsSixty‐seven hours of fieldwork were conducted on two subacute wards within an Australian healthcare network in 2015. Mealtime practices and interactions of hospital staff, volunteers and visitors were observed. Sixty‐one staff, volunteers and visitors were interviewed in 75 ethnographic and semi‐structured interviews. Data were inductively and thematically analysed.ResultsThree key themes emerged as follows: “help”—volunteers and visitors were considered helpful when they assisted patients at mealtimes, supported well‐being and aided staff–patient communication; “hindrance”—staff perceived visitors as negative presences when they inhibited patient progress and impacted staff work practices; and “reality of practice”—visiting hours, visitor engagement in patient therapy and communication between staff, volunteers and visitors were important practical considerations of mealtime involvement.ConclusionsThe findings show how and why volunteers and visitors can be helpful and unhelpful at hospital mealtimes on subacute wards. More research on the role and contribution of volunteers and visitors on hospital wards will inform future practice in healthcare settings.Relevance to clinical practiceThis healthcare organisation should continue to encourage volunteer and visitor involvement at hospital mealtimes. More effort is needed to educate visitors about patients’ therapeutic goals and the importance of nutrition. The working relationship between hospital staff, volunteers and visitors should be strengthened to improve nutritional care.
Hypertension among adults living in Haiti: An integrative review
Authors: Baptiste Diana‐Lyn , Hamilton Jill B. , Foronda Cynthia , Sloand Elizabeth , Fahlberg Beth , Pfaff Teresa , Delva Sabianca , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo determine what is known about hypertension among adults living in Haiti.BackgroundHypertension is the leading cause of morbidity, the identified cause of heart failure in 45% of patients and is associated with more than 70% of cardiovascular disease‐related hospital admissions in Haiti.DesignAn integrative review of the literature.MethodsSearching four databases from 2007 to 2018, Whittemore and Knafl's method was used to review the literature. Three nurse researchers independently reviewed and appraised each publication applying the Johns Hopkins Evidence‐based Practice Appraisal tool.ResultsEight publications were identified and appraised for level and quality of evidence. The synthesis of the literature yielded common themes of (i) high prevalence of hypertension among adults living in rural areas, (ii) public health challenges, (iii) lack of knowledge and awareness of hypertension and (iv) barriers to effective treatment.ConclusionHypertension is a highly prevalent disease in Haiti that is understudied and warrants attention. To better serve this vulnerable population, culturally tailored prevention strategies and disease management programmes are recommended.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a lack of quality evidence to guide nurses in the management of hypertension for this vulnerable population. Identification of barriers to effective treatment among this underserved population will assist nurses and other healthcare professionals in identifying best possible practices for patient care in clinical settings across Haiti.
Scoping review: Hospital nursing factors associated with 30‐day readmission rates of patients with heart failure
Authors: Jun Jin , Faulkner Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo review the current literature on hospital nursing factors associated with 30‐day readmission rates of patients with heart failure.BackgroundHeart failure is a common, yet debilitating chronic illness with high mortality and morbidity. One in five patients with heart failure will experience unplanned readmission to a hospital within 30 days. Given the significance of heart failure to individuals, families and healthcare system, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services has made reducing 30‐day readmission rates a priority.DesignScoping review, which maps the key concepts of a research area, is used.MethodsPublished primary studies in English assessing factors related to nurses in hospitals and readmission of patients with heart failure were included. Other inclusion criteria were written in English and published in peer‐reviewed journals.ResultsThe search resulted in 2,782 articles. After removing duplicates and reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles were selected. Three nursing workforce factors emerged as follows: (i) nursing staffing, (ii) nursing care and work environment, and (iii) nurses’ knowledge of heart failure.ConclusionsThis is the first scoping review examining the association between hospital nursing factors and 30‐day readmission rates of patients with heart failure. Further studies examining the extent of nursing structural and process factors influencing the outcomes of patients with heart failure are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are an integral part of the healthcare system. Identifying the factors related to nurses in hospitals is important to ensure comprehensive delivery of care to the chronically ill population. Hospital administrators, managers and policymakers can use the findings from this review to implement strategies to reduce 30‐day readmission rates of patients with heart failure.
Association between dehydration on admission and postoperative complications in older persons undergoing orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Chan Helen Y L , Cheng Anthony , Cheung Susana S S , Pang Wai‐wah , Ma Wai‐yiu , Mok Long‐chau , Wong Wai‐kuen , Lee Diana T F 
Published: March 2018

Aim and objectivesTo examine the prevalence of dehydration upon hospital admission and its association with postoperative complications in older persons undergoing orthopaedic surgery.BackgroundAgeing‐related physiological and pathological changes, as well as suboptimal care quality, can render older persons vulnerable to dehydration. However, few empirical studies have been conducted to examine the association between dehydration and care outcomes in this population.DesignRetrospective documentary review.MethodsThe medical records of patients who were aged 65 years or above and admitted for orthopaedic surgery at an acute hospital in Hong Kong over the period of January 2013 to June 2013 were reviewed. The sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, laboratory results during index hospitalisation, postoperative care and 1‐month survival were analysed. Dehydration status was defined on the basis of the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine upon admission.ResultsOf 310 reviewed records, 216 records were included in the analysis. A total of 21.8% of the patients in the included cases were defined as dehydrated and 35.2% were defined as at risk of dehydration. There were significantly more patients in the dehydrated group were female, having diuretic medication, swallowing difficulty, oedema, tube feeding, diaper or urinary catheter use, with postoperative complications in respiratory, gastrointestinal and haematological systems, and died within 30 days than those in the euhydrated group.ConclusionsThe findings of this study reveal that dehydration is highly prevalent among older persons on admission. Female gender and swallowing difficulty were found to be significantly associated with dehydration, although causal inference could not be delineated through this retrospective study.Relevance to clinical practiceGiven its significant influence on care outcomes and postoperative recovery, hydration care that promotes early recognition and timely management of dehydration is an integral part of fundamental care for older persons.
Effects of mannan‐oligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and faecal characteristics in Murrah buffalo calves
Authors: Sharma A. N. , Kumar S. , Tyagi A. K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA study of 120 days was undertaken to ascertain the effect of mannan‐oligosaccharides (MOS) and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and faecal characteristics in Murrah buffalo calves. Twenty Murrah buffalo calves of 5–7 days old and 31 ± 2.0 kg of body weight (BW) were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I served as the control (CON) in which only basal diet (concentrate mixture and green fodder) was provided, without any supplementation. Mannan‐oligosaccharides at 4 g/calf/day were supplemented as prebiotic to Group II (PRE), whereas Group III (PRO) received Lactobacillus acidophilus in the form of fermented milk as probiotic at 200 ml/calf/day having 108 CFU/ml and Group IV (SYN) was supplemented with both MOS and Lactobacillus acidophilus as synbiotic at similar dose. Final BW (kg), dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed conversion efficiency and structural growth measurements were improved (p < .05) in the treatment groups compared to control. Digestibility of neutral detergent fibre was higher (p < .05) in SYN followed by PRE and PRO than control. The faecal lactobacilli and bifidobacterium population was higher (p < .05) in all the supplemented groups with a concomitant reduction in faecal coliform count as compared to control. Faecal ammonia, lactate and pH were also altered favourably (p < .05) in all the supplemented groups as compared to CON. The faecal volatile fatty acids were higher (p < .05) in PRE, PRO and SYN group than CON. The incorporation of MOS and Lactobacillus acidophilus in diet either individually or in combination as synbiotic has the potential to improve the performance and faecal characteristics in Murrah buffalo calves; however, the observed responses among the treatment groups were more evident in the synbiotic fed group compared to individual supplementation of MOS and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Can monetary policy tame Harrodian instability?
Authors: Franke Reiner 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe paper introduces monetary policy into the canonical Kaleckian growth model with a built‐in Harrodian instability. It abstains, however, from the simple and immediately stabilizing interest rate inverse IS curve. Instead, more indirect effects are examined, which realistically will take time to work out. In particular, (a) the trend rate of growth governing the investment decisions additionally responds to the difference between the profit rate and the real rate of interest; and (b) the real interest rate may enter dynamic adjustments of the price markup. The main finding is that the Harrodian forces could still be overcome and stability of the steady state position is re‐established provided that the profitability motive in (a) and the responsiveness in the Taylor policy rule are both sufficiently strong. By contrast, the indirect feedback effects produced by (b) broaden the scope for instability. In sum, monetary policy in this extended framework can favour stability but is not necessarily the stabilizing panacea that the New Consensus considers it to be.
Does audiovisual distraction reduce dental anxiety in children under local anesthesia? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang C , Qin D , Shen L , Ji P , Wang J 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of audiovisual distraction on reducing dental anxiety in children during dental treatment under local anesthesia.MethodsThe authors identified eligible reports published through August 2017 by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Clinical trials that reported the effects of audiovisual distraction on children’s physiological measures, self‐reports, and behavior rating scales during dental treatment met the minimum inclusion requirements. The authors extracted data and performed a meta‐analysis of appropriate articles.ResultsNine eligible trials were included and qualitatively analyzed; some of these trials were also quantitatively analyzed. Among the physiological measures, heart rate or pulse rate was significantly lower (p = .01) in children subjected to audiovisual distraction during dental treatment under local anesthesia than in those who were not; a significant difference in oxygen saturation was not observed. The majority of the studies using self‐reports and behavior rating scales suggested that audiovisual distraction was beneficial in reducing anxiety perception and improving children’s cooperation during dental treatment.ConclusionThe audiovisual distraction approach effectively reduces dental anxiety among children. Therefore, we suggest the use of audiovisual distraction when children need dental treatment under local anesthesia.