bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combined experimental and theoretical approach to determine X‐ray atomic fundamental quantities of tin
Authors: Ménesguen Y. , Lépy M.‐C. , Sampaio J. M. , Marques J. P. , Parente F. , Guerra M. , Indelicato P. , Santos J. P. , Hönicke P. , Beckhoff B. 
Published: June 2018

The knowledge of atomic fundamental parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficients or fluorescence yields with low uncertainties, is of decisive importance in elemental quantification involving X‐ray fluorescence analysis techniques. For example, several databases giving the mass attenuation coefficients are accessible and frequently used within a large community of users. These compilations are most often in good agreement for photon energies in the hard X‐ray ranges. However, they significantly differ for low photon energies and around the absorption edges of the elements. In the case of the fluorescence yields, some authors made a review of measured values found in the literature. However, reliable measurements are not so many illustrating the inherent difficulties. Mass attenuation coefficients of tin were determined experimentally in the photon energy range from 100 eV to 35 keV by using monochromatized synchrotron radiation at SOLEIL (France). The fluorescence yields of the 3 L‐subshells of tin were also determined using a reflection geometry setup and the X‐ray fluorescence setup of Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt. The Coster–Kronig factors for the tin L‐shells were also experimentally determined. The application of high‐accuracy experimental techniques resulted in low uncertainty mass attenuation coefficients and L‐subshell fluorescence yields that are directly compared with existing databases and with updated relativistic configuration mixing Dirac–Fock calculations including Quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections.
Afterword: Gender Practices in Transnational Families
Authors: Ducu Viorela 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The first decade of research on transnational families focused primarily on the perspectives of adult migrants, and departed mothers in particular, with the theoretical concept of care at its centre, especially within national and bi-national approaches. The second decade saw a major transformation following the obsolescence of the nuclear family as a unit of research. Methodological approaches have, on the one hand, become more complex (mixed quantitative and qualitative methods, cross-country comparisons, life course perspectives etc.), while children and the elderly have become more visible. These studies have acquired the following key elements: gender, co-presence illustrated through family practices and mobility. Besides offering a short review of the above, this chapter contains a detailed discussion on research addressing Romanian transnational families, in order to illustrate the application of these elements. Then, we offer examples of how research published in the present volume is inscribed with the new research perspective.
Information at Hand – Using Wearable Devices to Display Task Information in the Context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Mach Sebastian , Kastrau Almut , Schmalfuß Franziska 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the context of Industry 4.0 and the extensive interconnection of every part of the production process, the industrial worker will still maintain a key role. It is important to support the workers by utilizing ongoing digitalization at work and also to provide suitable concepts for communication between human and automation. A possible solution could be the application of wearable devices such as smartwatches. They are able to automatically collect data about the state of the worker as well as provide relevant information for the worker about the status of machines. The aim of the present research is to investigate whether smartwatches are a suitable alternative to conventional methods of displaying information in an industrial environment - despite some limitations of smartwatches, like the small screen. Therefore, we conducted a laboratory study displaying different amount of information (a list of six tasks vs. only the next task) on different devices (monitor screen vs. smartwatch screen). We asked 32 participants to follow the displayed instructions and fulfill the tasks (crossword puzzles, Sudoku, number connection task). Afterwards, the participants rated the different types of information display with questionnaires (e.g., User Experience Questionnaire). Results show significant differences in some aspects of user experience supporting the advantage of utilizing smartwatches in an industrial context. However, information on a smartwatch should be as short and meaningful as possible.
Multivariate dynamics of one-mode and two-mode networks: Explaining similarity in sports participation among friends
Authors: FUJIMOTO KAYO , SNIJDERS TOM A. B. , VALENTE THOMAS W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe examined social mechanisms that account for similarity in the social context of school-sponsored extracurricular sports activities among friends. We distinguish two social mechanisms: “shared sports activities that lead to friendship,” whereby friendship formation and maintenance are conditioned by joint sports participation, and “friendship that leads to shared sports activities,” a form of social influence whereby adolescents join or maintain certain sports activities based on their friends' choices. Using a longitudinal sample of 1,776 10th graders at five high schools in Southern California, we employed a stochastic actor-oriented multivariate dynamic model to model the dynamic interplay between the two-mode affiliation network of adolescents' participation in sports activities and the one-mode friendship network. As a corresponding descriptive method, we propose a quantitative measure for the relative strength of the two-mentioned mechanisms as explanations of the association between the one-mode and the two-mode network. Further, we introduce two specifications that represent homophily effects in the two-mode network and apply them to test gender homophily in sports participation. The results provide strong evidence for both mechanisms, with friendship leading to shared sport activities as stronger than shared sports activities leading to friendships in explaining adolescents' friendships with co-participants.
Distance-varying assortativity and clustering of the international trade network
Authors: ABBATE ANGELA , DE BENEDICTIS LUCA , FAGIOLO GIORGIO , TAJOLI LUCIA 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study how the topology of the International Trade Network (ITN) changes in geographical space, and along time. We employ geographical distance between countries in the world to filter the links in the ITN, building a sequence of subnetworks, each one featuring trade links occurring at similar distance. We then test if the assortativity and clustering of ITN subnetworks changes as distance increases, and we find that this is indeed the case: distance strongly impacts, in a non-linear way, the topology of the ITN. We show that the ITN is disassortative at long distances, while it is assortative at short ones. Similarly, the main determinant of the overall high-ITN clustering level are triangular trade triples between geographically close countries. This means that trade partnership choices and trade patterns are highly differentiated over different distance ranges, even after controlling for the economic size and income per capita of trading partners, and it is persistent over time. This evidence has relevant implications for the non-linear evolution of globalization.
Weak-Type Boundedness of the Fourier Transform on Rearrangement Invariant Function Spaces
Authors: Boza Santiago , Soria Javier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe study several questions about the weak-type boundedness of the Fourier transform ℱ on rearrangement invariant spaces. In particular, we characterize the action of ℱ as a bounded operator from the minimal Lorentz space Λ(X) into the Marcinkiewicz maximal space M(X), both associated with a rearrangement invariant space X. Finally, we also prove some results establishing that the weak-type boundedness of ℱ, in certain weighted Lorentz spaces, is equivalent to the corresponding strong-type estimates.
Trouble with Knowledge
Authors: Bakhurst David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper is a critical notice of Andrea Kern's bookSources of Knowledge. In the first part, I outline some criteria of adequacy I believe any credible philosophical account of knowledge should meet. In the second, I consider how Kern's book measures up to those criteria. Finally, I offer a sympathetic and constructive discussion of a number of key elements of Kern's approach, including the relation of her position to the philosophy of John McDowell, from which Kern draws inspiration; her defence of disjunctivism; her concept of a rational capacity for knowledge and its acquisition; and her understanding of scepticism.
Anselmian apocatastasis: the fitting necessity of universal salvation in St Anselm'sCur Deus Homo
Authors: De La Noval Roberto J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article makes a case for universal salvation based on the soteriology of Anselm of Canterbury'sCur Deus Homo. It argues that without an affirmation of universal salvation, Anselm's argument fails on the grounds of its own soteriological logic, which unites the fitting and the necessary for God, assumes the primary importance of divine aseity for understanding salvation history, and affirms the ontological unity of the human race as the object of God's redemptive love. Also detailed is the development of the relationship between mercy and justice in Anselm's thought from theProslogiontoCur Deus Homo, and it is shown how Anselm's developed soteriology in the latter challenges major features of the Augustinianism he inherited. The article concludes that a robust theology of divine aseity like Anselm's will entail that creation be understood as a theatre for the manifestation of God's eternal love for his creatures.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in tropical rain forest are resilient to slash-and-burn agriculture
Authors: García de León David , Neuenkamp Lena , Moora Mari , Öpik Maarja , Davison John , Peña-Venegas Clara Patricia , Vasar Martti , Jairus Teele , Zobel Martin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:Certain forestry and agricultural practices are known to affect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities, but the effects of deforestation – including slash-and-burn management and other more severe disturbances – in tropical rain forests are poorly understood. We addressed the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on rain-forest AM fungal communities in French Guiana, by comparing mature tropical rain forest, slash-and-burn (5 y old) and clearcut areas (8 y old). A total of 36 soil samples were collected in six plots and sequenced using a high throughput 454-pyrosequencing platform. A total of 32649 sequences from 103 AM fungal virtual taxa (VT) were recorded. Whereas alpha diversity of AM fungi did not decrease due to land-use intensification, with average richness ranging from 17 to 21 taxa per plot, beta diversity (average distance to multivariate centroid) dropped by 28% from 0.46 in rain forest to 0.33 under clearcutting. AM fungal community composition was correlated with land use and soil chemical properties. Clearcut areas were characterized by the more frequent occurrence of specialist AM fungi, compared with mature forest or slash-and-burn areas. Specifically, clearcuts contained the highest proportions of VT that were geographic (21%), habitat (31%), abundance (97%) or host (97%) specialists based on VT metadata contained in the MaarjAM database. This suggests that certain AM fungi with narrow ecological niches have traits that allow them to exploit conditions of severe disturbance. In conclusion, slash-and-burn management appears to allow diverse AM fungal communities to persist, and may favour regeneration of tropical rain forest after abandonment. More severe disturbance in the form of clearcutting resulted in marked changes in AM fungal communities.
The Social Cost of International Investment Agreements: The Case of Cigarette Packaging
Authors: Tobin Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNational governments have signed and ratified over three thousand International Investment Agreements (IIAs), which for the first time give multinational firms standing to sue host governments in international arbitration tribunals. IIAs have led to a host of high-profile and controversial legal disputes that have led to claims that investor state arbitration may be impeding governments in their ability to regulate and to protect their citizens’ well-being, a phenomenon known as “regulatory chill.” To understand the normative implications of regulatory chill, I analyze investor state arbitration over tobacco in Australia and Latin America. I examine legislative discussions over possible regulatory changes in Australia and Uruguay, the two cases that have faced disputes over tobacco laws, as well as in Latin American countries that provide access to the legislative debates and had legislative initiatives that sought to strengthen tobacco legislation. These cases demonstrate that tobacco packaging laws in a number of countries have been delayed or reduced as a result of fears of potential arbitration among the government and legislators. This regulatory chill is normatively problematic as it suggests that states may be giving up more of their regulatory authority than they initially believed they would have to under IIAs.
Species and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of coagulase-negative staphylococci in periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Lourtet-Hascoët J. , Félicé M. P. , Bicart-See A. , Bouige A. , Giordano G. , Bonnet E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the distribution of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) involved in periprosthetic-joint infections (PJIs) and to describe their susceptibility profile to antibiotics. We conducted a multicentre retrospective study in France, including 215 CNS PJIs between 2011 and 2015. CNS PJIs involved knees in 54% of the cases, hips in 39%, other sites in 7%. The distribution of the 215 strains was:Staphylococcus epidermidis129 (60%),Staphylococcus capitis24 (11%),Staphylococcus lugdunensis21 (10%),Staphylococcus warneri8 (4%),Staphylococcus hominis7 (3%),Staphylococcus haemolyticus7 (3%). More than half of the strains (52.1%) were resistant to methicillin, 40.9% to ofloxacin, 20% to rifampicin. The species most resistant to antibiotics wereS.hominis,S. haemolyticus,S. epidermidis,with 69.7% of the strains resistant to methicillin and 30% simultaneously resistant to clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, ofloxacin and rifampicin. No strain was resistant to linezolid or daptomycin. In this study on CNS involved in PJIs, resistance to methicillin is greater than 50%.S. epidermidisis the most frequent and resistant species to antibiotics. Emerging species suchS. lugdunensis,S. capitisandStaphylococcus capraeexhibit profiles more sensitive to antibiotics. The antibiotics most often activein vitroare linezolid and daptomycin.
Sex and age differences inMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes P. , Ma Y. , Gaeddert M. , Tsacogianis T. , Marques-Rodrigues P. , Fregona G. , Loomans A. , Jones-López E. C. , Dietze R. , Ellner J. J. , White L. F. , Hochberg N. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGlobally, the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) disease is higher in males. This study examined the effect of sex and age onMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection. Demographic and exposure data were collected on household contacts of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients in Brazil. Contacts with tuberculin skin test induration ⩾10 mm at baseline or 12 weeks were considered Mtb infected. The study enrolled 917 household contacts from 160 households; 508 (55.4%) were female, median age was 21.0 years (range 0.30–87.0) and 609 (66.4%) had Mtb infection. The proportion infected increased with age from 63.3% in girls <5 years to 75.4% in women ⩾40 years and from 44.9% in boys <5 years to 73.6% in men ⩾40 years. Multivariable modelling showed the odds of infection increased between age 5 and 14 years among female contacts (OR 1.5 per 5-year age increase; 95% CI 1.1–2.2;P= 0.02) and between ages 0–4 and 15–39 years among male contacts (OR 2.7, 95% CI 0.83–8.9 and 1.1, 95% CI 0.99–1.3 per 5-year age increase;P= 0.10, 0.07, respectively). The study suggests that the age at which Mtb infection increases most is different in females compared with males. Studies are needed to explore whether these findings are due to differences in host susceptibility, exposure outside the household or other factors.
Multistate outbreak of Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) and Salmonella Weltevreden infections linked to imported frozen raw tuna: USA, March–July 2015
Authors: Hassan R. , Tecle S. , Adcock B. , Kellis M. , Weiss J. , Saupe A. , Sorenson A. , Klos R. , Blankenship J. , Blessington T. , Whitlock L. , Carleton H. A. , Concepción-Acevedo J. , Tolar B. , Wise M. , Neil K. P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFoodborne non-typhoidal salmonellosis causes approximately 1 million illnesses annually in the USA. In April 2015, we investigated a multistate outbreak of 65 Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections associated with frozen raw tuna imported from Indonesia, which was consumed raw in sushi. Forty-six (92%) of 50 case-patients interviewed ate sushi during the week before illness onset, and 44 (98%) of 45 who specified ate sushi containing raw tuna. Two outbreak strains were isolated from the samples of frozen raw tuna. Traceback identified a single importer as a common source of tuna consumed by case-patients; this importer issued three voluntary recalls of tuna sourced from one Indonesian processor. Four Salmonella Weltevreden infections were also linked to this outbreak. Whole-genome sequencing was useful in establishing a link between Salmonella isolated from ill people and tuna. This outbreak highlights the continuing foodborne illness risk associated with raw seafood consumption, the importance of processing seafood in a manner that minimises contamination with pathogenic microorganisms and the continuing need to ensure imported foods are safe to eat. People at higher risk for foodborne illness should not consume undercooked animal products, such as raw seafood.
Prediction of Shigellosis outcomes in Israel using machine learning classifiers
Authors: Adamker G. , Holzer T. , Karakis I. , Amitay M. , Anis E. , Singer S. R. , Barnett-Itzhaki Z. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractShigellosis causes significant morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries, mostly among infants and young children. The World Health Organization estimates that more than one million people die from Shigellosis every year. In order to evaluate trends in Shigellosis in Israel in the years 2002–2015, we analysed national notifiable disease reporting data. Shigella sonnei was the most commonly identified Shigella species in Israel. Hospitalisation rates due to Shigella flexenri were higher in comparison with other Shigella species. Shigella morbidity was higher among infants and young children (age 0–5 years old). Incidence of Shigella species differed among various ethnic groups, with significantly high rates of S. flexenri among Muslims, in comparison with Jews, Druze and Christians. In order to improve the current Shigellosis clinical diagnosis, we developed machine learning algorithms to predict the Shigella species and whether a patient will be hospitalised or not, based on available demographic and clinical data. The algorithms’ performances yielded an accuracy of 93.2% (Shigella species) and 94.9% (hospitalisation) and may consequently improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Effect of maternal habitat, temperature and light on germination and salt tolerance ofSuaeda vermiculata, a habitat-indifferent halophyte of arid Arabian deserts
Authors: El-Keblawy Ali , Al-Shamsi Naeema , Mosa Kareem 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHabitat-indifferent species that can grow well in both saline and non-saline soils offer a good opportunity for studying seed dormancy and salt tolerance during germination. Here, we assess interactive effects of maternal habitat and incubation conditions on salt tolerance during germination of the habitat-indifferent halophyteSuaeda vermiculata, a common perennial shrub of the arid Arabian deserts. Seeds collected from saline and non-saline habitats were germinated at six salinity levels (0–500 mM NaCl) and incubated at three temperatures and under two light regimes. Studied germination attributes were final germination, germination rate index (GRI) and germination recovery of non-germinated seeds when transferred to distilled water. The results showed insignificant difference in salt tolerance between seeds of the two habitat types at the lower salinities. At higher salinities (400 and 500 mM NaCl), germination of the saline habitat seeds was almost inhibited, but that of non-saline habitat seeds reached various levels depending on light and temperature. Both higher temperatures and darkness resulted in significant reductions of the final germination at the higher salinities. Seeds of the two habitats that did not germinate in the different treatments recovered their germination when transferred to distilled water, indicating that these seeds maintained their viability in saline solution and were able germinate upon the arrival of suitable conditions. Seeds of the two habitats germinated within 2 days at the lower salinities and GRI decreased with the increase in salinity level. Such reduction was obvious for seeds of the saline habitat. Recovery was faster for seeds of the saline habitats, especially for those incubated at higher salinities and in the dark. The difference in dormancy and germination attributes of seeds of the two habitat types reflects ecological adaptations for survival in salt marshes of arid deserts.