bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐133a alleviates airway remodeling in asthtama through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by targeting IGF1R
Authors: Shao Youyou , Chong Lei , Lin Peng , Li Haiyan , Zhu Lili , Wu Qiuping , Li Changchong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAsthma is characterized by chronic inflammation, and long‐term chronic inflammation leads to airway remodeling. But the potential regulatory mechanism of airway remodeling is not clearly understood, and there is still no effective way to prevent airway remodeling. Present studies have confirmed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of disease, which is known as suppressing translation or degradation of messenger RNA (mRNA) at the posttranscriptional stage. In this study, we described the role of miRNA‐133a in asthma and demonstrated it in regulating airway remodeling of asthma through the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by targeting IGF‐1 receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R helps in mediating the intracellular signaling cascades. Asthmatic mice models were established by sensitization and Ovalbumin challenge. Adenovirus transfer vector carrying miR‐133a or miR‐133a sponge sequence was used to build the overexpression or downexpression of miR‐133a modeling. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to determine the alterations in the expression of miR‐133a and mRNAs and their corresponding proteins. Results showed that miR‐133a was downregulated in asthma. Upregulation of miR‐133a expression in airway smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro could inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and reduce the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), indicating that airway remodeling was inhibited. Functional studies based on luciferase reporter revealed miR‐133a as a direct target of IGF1R mRNA. In conclusion, these data suggested that miR‐133a regulated the expression of α‐SMA through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by targeting IGF1R. miR‐133a plays a key role in airway remodeling of asthma and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for managing asthmatic airway remodeling.
Successful isolation and ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells obtained from different synovial tissue‐derived (biopsy) samples
Authors: Ferro Tiago , Santhagunam Aruna , Madeira Catarina , Salgueiro João B. , da Silva Cláudia L. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from synovial tissues constitute a novel source of stem‐like cells with promising applications in cartilage regeneration and potentially in other regenerative medicine and tissue‐engineering settings. Detailed characterization of these cells is lacking, thus compromising their full potential. Here we present the detailed characterization of the ex vivo expansion of synovium‐derived stromal cells collected by three different biopsy methods: synovium‐direct biopsy, arthroscopic trocar shaver blade filtrate, and cells isolated from synovial fluid (SF) samples. Isolation success rates were >75% for all sources. MSC obtained from the different samples displayed the characteristic immunophenotype of adult MSC, expressing CD73, CD90, and CD105. Arthroscopic shaver blade‐derived cells showed the higher proliferation capacity measured by the fold increase (FI) in total cell number over several passages and considering their cumulative population doublings (CPD; 15 ± 0.85 vs. 13 ± 0.73 for synovium vs. 11 ± 0.97 for SF). Also, these cells were able to sustain an increased proliferation under hypoxic (2% O2) conditions (FI 55 ± 4 vs. 37 ± 7) after 17 days in culture. Expanded cells were able to differentiate successfully along the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. Overall, these results demonstrate that synovial tissues represent a promising source for the isolation of human MSC, while depicting the variability associated to the biopsy method used, which impact cell behavior in vitro.
miR‐200a‐5p augments cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by glucose metabolism disorder via the regulation of selenoproteins
Authors: Yang Tianshu , Liu Tianqi , Cao Changyu , Xu Shiwen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSelenium and selenoproteins are identified as potential determinants in pathological cellular hypertrophy. Cardiomyocytes hypertrophy is a compensatory form of heart disease characterized by increased size of cardiomyocytes. However, the link between cardiac hypertrophy and Se‐specific microRNA (miRNA) remains to be characterized. In the current study, we established a miR‐200a‐5p mimic and an inhibitor cardiomyocytes model. Cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was induced in the miR‐200a‐5p mimic group. Hence, we detected the glucose level of cardiomyocytes to estimate the cellular glucose uptake. The effect of miR‐200a‐5p overexpression and the low expression on 25 selenoproteins mRNA levels was further explored using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of miR‐200a‐5p elevated glucose uptake and Txnrd2, 3 expression and reduced Sepp1, Seln, Selt, and Sep15 expression in cardiomyocytes. Contrary results were observed in cardiomyocytes with the knockdown of miR‐200a‐5p. We next assessed glucose metabolism‐related genes in cardiomyocytes. The results showed that miR‐200a‐5p had a negative correlation with insulin‐like growth factor gene‐1, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5 and had a positive correlation with Akt, glucose transporter family (GLUT)2, GLUT3, and GLUT4. These results support the involvement of selenoproteins and glucose metabolism in the control of cardiomyocytes hypertrophy by Se‐specific miRNA, suggesting that miR‐200a‐5p inhibited the expression of stress‐related selenoproteins to alter glucose transport leading to glucose metabolism disorder, eventually inducing cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. Our finding highlights a pivotal role of Se‐specific miRNA and selenoproteins in cardiac hypertrophy.
Assessment of therapeutic window for poly‐arginine‐18D (R18D) in a P7 rat model of perinatal hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Edwards Adam B. , Anderton Ryan S. , Knuckey Neville W. , Meloni Bruno P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, with no available neuroprotective therapeutic agent. In the development of a therapeutic for HIE, we examined the neuroprotective efficacy of the poly‐arginine peptide R18D (arginine 18 mer synthesised with D‐arginine) in a perinatal model of hypoxia‐ischaemia (HI; common carotid and external carotid occlusion + 8%O2/92%N2 for 2.5 hr) in the P7 Sprague‐Dawley rat. R18D was administered intraperitoneally 30 min (doses 10, 30, 100, 300 and 1,000 nmol/kg), 60 min (doses 30 and 300 nmol/kg) or 120 min (doses 30 and 300 nmol/kg) after HI. Infarct volumes and behavioural outcomes were measured 48 hr after HI. When administered 30 min after HI, R18D at varying doses reduced infarct volume by 23.7% to 35.6% (p = 0.009 to < 0.0001) and resulted in improvements in the negative geotactic response and wire‐hang times, at a dose of 30 nmol/kg. When administered 60 min after HI, R18D at the 30 nmol/kg dose reduced total infarct volume by 34.2% (p = 0.002), whilst the 300 nmol/kg dose improved wire‐hang time. When administered 120 min after HI, R18D at the 30 and 300 nmol/kg doses had no significant impact on infarct volume, but the 300 nmol/kg dose improved the negative geotactic response. This study further confirms the neuroprotective properties of poly‐arginine peptides, demonstrating that R18D can reduce infarct volume and improve behavioural outcomes after HI if administered up to 60 min after HI and improve behavioural outcomes up to 2 hr after HI.
Evaluating the effect of different voice prostheses on alaryngeal voice quality
Authors: Coffey Margaret M. , Tolley Neil , Howard David , Hickson Mary 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference between voice prostheses in terms of voice quality as experienced by patients and as judged by expert raters.MethodsSubjects had up to six voice prostheses placed in a random order. A voice sample was elicited for each patient on each prosthesis. Auditory perceptual voice analysis of each voice sample was undertaken by expert raters using the Sunderland Tracheoesophageal Voice Perceptual Scale (SToPS). Raters also identified the best overall prosthesis for voice for each patient. Raters were blinded to patient details, type of laryngectomy surgery, type of voice prosthesis, and scores of other raters. After each prosthesis trial, patients self‐evaluated voice using a questionnaire developed for this purpose.ResultsExpert raters were not able to identify a best overall voice prosthesis using SToPS. Expert raters most frequently chose the Blom‐Singer Classic Indwelling (InHealth Technologies, Carpinteria, CA) as the overall best prosthesis for voice for each patient. Patient self‐evaluation scores indicated a preference for the Blom‐Singer Classic Indwelling Prosthesis (InHealth Technologies) for voice, whereas preference for best overall prosthesis was for the Provox NID (Atos Medical AB, Hörby, Sweden)ConclusionExpert raters did not identify a best prosthesis for voice using SToPS, although the Blom‐Singer Classic Indwelling (InHealth Technologies) was most frequently chosen as best for voice. Patient self‐evaluation indicated a difference between preference of prosthesis for voice and preference for best overall voice prosthesis. Individual patients had their own personal preferences, suggesting they should be involved in the choice of their voice prosthesis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2460–2466, 2018
Racial disparities in tumor features and outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil
Authors: Albert Ashley , Giri Shankar , Kanakamedala Madhava , Mangana Sophy , Bhanat Eldrin , Shenoy Veena , Thomas Toms Vengaloor , Joseph Sanjay , Gonzalez Maria , Shalaby Akram , Vijayakumar Srinivasan 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo identify differences in 3‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) based on race in patients with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 80 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated between 2006 and 2015. Overall survival and DFS curves comparing white and black patients were generated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox regression was used to determine covariables associated with OS and DFS.ResultsForty‐one percent of the patients in this cohort were black and 59% were white. Three‐year OS for black patients was 45.5% versus 88.1% for white patients (P = 0.003). Three‐year DFS for black patients was 41.1% versus 66.6% in white patients (P = 0.001). Black race (hazard ratio [HR] 4.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48–15.6, P = 0.009) and lack of insurance (HR 9.50, 95% CI 2.92–13.0, P < 0.009) were independently associated with worse OS on multivariable analysis. Black patients were more likely to have high‐risk tumor features. Black patients with stage IV disease (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition) had decreased OS as compared to white patients, 41.4% versus 82.1% (P = 0.005). There was a trend toward worse OS in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative black patients compared to HPV‐negative white patients. Uninsured black patient experienced worse OS than white patients without insurance, 22.2% versus 68.1%, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionSignificant racial disparities were found in presentation, tumor, and nodal characteristics, as well as in outcomes in this group of patients with tonsillar cancer. The difference in HPV‐associated tonsillar cancer is likely the primary cause of these disparities, but other factors may also contribute to inferior outcomes in black patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 129:643–654, 2019
The effect of inferior turbinate surgery on ciliated epithelium: A randomized, blinded study
Authors: Harju Teemu , Honkanen Mari , Vippola Minnamari , Kivekäs Ilkka , Rautiainen Markus 
Published: August 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to evaluate statistically the effects of radiofrequency ablation, diode laser, and microdebrider‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty techniques on ciliated epithelium and mucociliary function.Study DesignProspective randomized study.MethodsA total of 66 consecutively randomized adult patients with enlarged inferior turbinates underwent either a radiofrequency ablation, diode laser, or microdebrider‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty procedure. Assessments were conducted prior to surgery and 3 months subsequent to the surgery. The effect on ciliated epithelium was evaluated using a score based on the blinded grading of the preoperative and postoperative scanning electron microscopy images of mucosal samples. The effect on mucociliary function, in turn, was evaluated using saccharin transit time measurement.ResultsThe score of the number of cilia increased statistically significantly in the radiofrequency ablation (P = .03) and microdebrider‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty (P = .04) groups, but not in the diode laser group. The score of the squamous metaplasia increased statistically significantly in the diode laser group (P = .002), but not in the other two groups. There were no significant changes found between the preoperative and postoperative saccharin transit time values in any of the treatment groups.ConclusionsRadiofrequency ablation and microdebrider‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty are more mucosal preserving techniques than the diode laser, which was found to increase the amount of squamous metaplasia at the 3‐month follow‐up. The number of cilia seemed to even increase after radiofrequency ablation and microdebrider‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty procedures, but not after diode laser. Nevertheless, the mucociliary transport was equally preserved in all three groups.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 129:18–24, 2019
HPV status in unknown primary head and neck cancer: Prognosis and treatment outcomes
Authors: Cheraghlou Shayan , Torabi Sina J. , Husain Zain A. , Otremba Michael D. , Osborn Heather A. , Mehra Saral , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Burtness Barbara A. , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesApproximately 3% to 9% of head and neck cancer presents with a metastatic node and no identifiable primary tumor. These cases of head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (HNCUP) present a therapeutic challenge. Therapy of this disease varies based on factors such as institutional, surgeon, and patient preference. Evidence demonstrating the outcomes associated with these therapies for HNCUP is limited, and among the available series, the tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) status is often ignored. Treatment deintensification has been proposed for a subset of these patients. We aim to evaluate the treatment‐related outcomes for HPV‐associated and HPV‐negative HNCUP.MethodsA retrospective study of 978 adult HNCUP diagnosed from 2010 to 2013 in the NCDB was conducted. Multivariate Cox survival regressions as well as univariate Kaplan‐Meier analyses were conducted.ResultsPatients with HPV‐associated disease had superior survival, with a 3‐year survival of 94.8% (standard error [SE]: 1.0), compared with 80.3% (SE: 2.9) among those with HPV‐negative disease. Among HPV‐negative patients with clinical nodal classification (cN)2/cN3 disease, treatment with definitive radiotherapy alone compared to definitive chemoradiotherapy was associated with diminished survival (hazard ratio 5.507, P = 0.005). Among patients with HPV‐associated cancer and cN2/cN3 disease, all treatments (surgery alone, surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy, surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, definitive chemoradiotherapy, definitive radiotherapy) resulted in statistically equivalent survival.ConclusionTumor HPV status has a significant prognostic value for HNCUP and should be considered in future studies of treatment deintensification in this group. Treatment deintensification to radiotherapy alone in cN2/cN3 cases may result in poorer patient survival for HPV‐negative patients, whereas it may be a promising option for further investigation in HPV‐positive patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:684–691, 2019
Roasted Coffee Reduces β‐Amyloid Production by Increasing Proteasomal β‐Secretase Degradation in Human Neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y Cells
Authors: Fukuyama Kazuya , Kakio Shota , Nakazawa Yosuke , Kobata Kenji , Funakoshi‐Tago Megumi , Suzuki Toshiharu , Tamura Hiroomi 
Published: August 2018

ScopeEpidemiological studies have shown that coffee consumption may be associated with a lower risk of developing several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Caffeine is a prominent candidate component underlying the preventive effects of coffee; however, the contribution of other constituents is unclear. To clarify this issue, the effect of roasting coffee beans on β‐secretase (BACE1) expression in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells is investigated.Methods and resultsCoffee (2%) reduces Aβ accumulation in culture medium to 80% of control levels after 24 h. Accordingly, BACE1 expression is decreased to 70% of control levels at 12 h. Experiments using cycloheximide and MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, reveal that coffee enhanced BACE1 degradation through activation of proteasomal activity. Furthermore, coffee activates cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, and consequently, phosphorylation of a serine residue of proteasome 26S subunit, non‐ATPase 11 (PSMD11). Pyrocatechol, a strong antioxidant known as catechol or 1,2‐dihydroxybenzene, produced from chlorogenic acid during roasting, also reduces BACE1 expression by activation of proteasomal activity. Furthermore, pyrocatechol reduces Aβ production in SH‐SY5Y cells.ConclusionThe data suggest that the roasting process may be crucial for the protective effects of coffee consumption in AD.
A novel 3D printing method for accurate anatomy replication in patient‐specific phantoms
Authors: Okkalidis Nikiforos 
Published: August 2018

PurposeA novel 3D printing method has been developed, which employs human CT images to construct patient specific phantoms by controlling the filament extrusion rate.MethodsAn in‐house software was developed comprising pixel‐by‐pixel (PbP) reading of the Hounsfield Units (HU) values in the original patient DICOM images and their sufficiently accurate 3D printed replication in the phantom produced.ResultsThe PbP method was applied to two sets of anonymized patients’ CT chest and skull images. The respective patient specific phantoms were 3D printed and then CT scanned and compared to the actual patient images. The chest phantom images were also compared to those of another phantom created employing the older variable infill density method (VID).ConclusionsThe results clearly indicated a significant improvement both visually and in the phantom HU values achieved. In contrast to other methods published, its major advantages are: (a) no need for manual contouring and 3D modeling of a patient's organs, (b) wider density range, and (c) significantly better simulation of the organs’ HU.
The first documented case of trepanation from Tarija, Bolivia, ca. 650 C.E.
Authors: Juengst Sara L. , Capriles José M. , Velasco Arzabe Daniela , Calla Maldonado Sergio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTrepanation has been practised in the Andes since 400–200 B.C.E., with numerous examples documented across Peru and Northern Bolivia (Tello, ; Verano, ). This practice appears to have been widespread across these areas; however, other parts of the Andes, such as Northwest Argentina, Chile, and Southern Bolivia, have not yet produced examples of cranial surgery, with the exception of one possible example from Northwest Argentina (Seldes & Botta, ). We present evidence for trepanation from a ca. 650 cal. C.E. burial from a salvage excavation near Tarija, Bolivia. We found that this probable male, adult individual had two blunt force traumatic lesions on the cranium. In addition, there was a rounded perforation on the right posterior skull that showed external bevelling and rounded edges consistent with a healed trepanation. We suggest that this case implies that trepanation was more widely practised than previously understood. Additionally, the correlation between trepanation and blunt force trauma suggests that this surgery was likely performed as a medical procedure, rather than for strictly ritual purposes. Thus, this is an important contribution to the broadening literature on pre‐Hispanic trepanation.
Introducing flexibility in urea–formaldehyde resins: Copolymerization with polyetheramines
Authors: Antunes Ana , Rêgo Maria , Paiva Nádia , Ferra João , Martins Jorge , Carvalho Luísa , Barros‐Timmons Ana , Magalhães Fernão D. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTAdhesives obtained by copolymerizing urea, formaldehyde, and difunctional polyetheramine with different molecular weights (230, 600, 900, and 2000 g mol−1) are presented as a more resilient alternative to conventional urea–formaldehyde resins. Urea and polyetheramine contents were varied and the resulting resins characterized by FTIR,13C‐NMR, and TGA. These resins were used for production of agglomerated cork panels, an application that demands that the binder system is flexible. Polyetheramine with molecular weight 900 g mol−1yielded the most promising agglomerated cork panel, with remarkable flexibility, good tensile strength, and with the E1 formaldehyde content specification for wood‐based panels used in construction, according to European Standard EN 12460‐5. These new thermoset adhesives have demonstrated to be capable of being used in systems where conventional formaldehyde‐based resins do not perform well due to inherent high rigidity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2018,56, 1834–1843
Evaluation of antioxidant status and oxidative stress markers in follicular fluid for human in vitro fertilization outcome
Authors: Nishihara Takuji , Matsumoto Kazuya , Hosoi Yoshihiko , Morimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeAntioxidant status and oxidative stress markers in human follicular fluid (FF) surrounding oocytes may be related to the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET). Therefore, we herein examined the relationship between antioxidant status and oxidative stress markers in FF and the outcomes of IVF‐ET.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen infertile women were included in this study. FF was obtained from mature follicles at the time of oocyte retrieval. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, and 8‐ hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) concentrations were measured.ResultsTotal GSH levels were lower in patients who had a low fertilization rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In addition, 8‐OHdG levels were higher in patients who had a low fertilization rate after ICSI and low rate of good quality blastocysts. Total GSH activity was lower in patients with endometriosis. No significant differences were noted in pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsTotal GSH and 8‐OHdG in human FF may be potential markers for fertilization in ART. Also, our findings may suggest that oxidative stress in women with infertility is associated with endometriosis.