bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisite reliability and repeatability of an advanced brain MRI protocol
Authors: Schwartz Daniel L. , Tagge Ian , Powers Katherine , Ahn Sinyeob , Bakshi Rohit , Calabresi Peter A. , Todd Constable R. , Grinstead John , Henry Roland G. , Nair Govind , Papinutto Nico , Pelletier Daniel , Shinohara Russell , Oh Jiwon , Reich Daniel S. , Sicotte Nancy L. , Rooney William D. ,   on behalf of the NAIMS Cooperative
Published: January 2019

BackgroundMRI is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis and intervention assessment in neurological disease. Its full potential has not been realized due in part to challenges in harmonizing advanced techniques across multiple sites.PurposeTo develop a method for the assessment of reliability and repeatability of advanced multisite‐multisession neuroimaging studies and specifically to assess the reliability of an advanced MRI protocol, including multiband fMRI and diffusion tensor MRI, in a multisite setting.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwice repeated measurement of a single subject with stable relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) at seven institutions.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T MRI protocol included higher spatial resolution anatomical scans, a variable flip‐angle longitudinal relaxation rate constant (R1 ≡ 1/T1) measurement, quantitative magnetization transfer imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and a resting‐state fMRI (rsFMRI) series.AssessmentMultiple methods of assessing intrasite repeatability and intersite reliability were evaluated for imaging metrics derived from each sequence.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test, Pearson's r, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) were employed to assess repeatability and reliability. Two new statistical metrics are introduced that frame reliability and repeatability in the respective units of the measurements themselves.ResultsIntrasite repeatability was excellent for quantitative R1, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) based metrics (r > 0.95). rsFMRI metrics were less repeatable (r = 0.8). Intersite reliability was excellent for R1, MTR, and DWI (ICC >0.9), and moderate for rsFMRI metrics (ICC∼0.4).Data ConclusionFrom most reliable to least, using a new reliability metric introduced here, MTR > R1 > DWI > rsFMRI; for repeatability, MTR > DWI > R1 > rsFMRI. A graphical method for at‐a‐glance assessment of reliability and repeatability, effect sizes, and outlier identification in multisite‐multisession neuroimaging studies is introduced.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:878–888.
Forefoot and hindfoot kinematics in subjects with medial tibial stress syndrome during walking and running
Authors: Okunuki Takumi , Koshino Yuta , Yamanaka Masanori , Tsutsumi Kaori , Igarashi Masato , Samukawa Mina , Saitoh Hiroshi , Tohyama Harukazu 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTExcessive foot pronation during static standing, walking and running has been reported as a contributing factor for the development of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). The motion of foot pronation consists of hindfoot and forefoot motion. However, no previous studies have investigated forefoot and hindfoot kinematics during walking and running in subjects with MTSS. The current study sought to compare hindfoot and forefoot kinematics between subjects with and without MTSS while walking and running. Eleven subjects with MTSS and 11 healthy controls (each group containing 10 males and one female) participated in the current study. Segment angles of the hindfoot and forefoot during walking and running barefoot on a treadmill were recorded using three‐dimensional kinematic analysis. An independent t‐test was used to compare kinematic data between groups. Subjects with MTSS exhibited significantly greater hindfoot eversion and abduction (p < 0.05) during walking and running than subjects without MTSS, significantly greater forefoot eversion and abduction (p < 0.05) during walking, and significantly greater forefoot abduction during running (p < 0.05). Hindfoot and forefoot kinematics during walking and running were significantly different between subjects with and without MTSS. For prevention and rehabilitation of MTSS, it may be important to focus on not only hindfoot but also forefoot kinematics during both running and walking. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Cover Image, Volume 99, Issue 3
Authors: Xu Chenchen , Qu Yanghua , Hopkins David L , Liu Ce , Wang Bo , Gao Yuefeng , Luo Hailing 
Published: January 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Dietary lycopene powder improves meat oxidative stability in Hu lambs by Chenchen Xu et al., DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9282.
image
Design and analysis of a compact dual‐band bandpass filter using V‐ and W‐shaped microstrip open lines
Authors: Lahmissi A. , Challal M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this article, a compact dual band bandpass filter using V‐ and W‐shaped microstrip open lines is developed and analyzed. An equivalent lumped elements circuit, derived from the designed structure is presented and its elements are calculated based on its transfer function. The obtained equivalent circuit is interpreted with the geometric tuning results in particular the transmission zero relocations. The measurement results of the fabricated prototype agree with the simulations and confirm the design theory. The design can suit WLAN application.
Modelling and forecasting Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores to achieve remission using time series analysis
Authors: Sabharwal Alka , Grover Gurprit , Kaushik Sakshi , Unni K. E. Sadanandan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesSchizophrenia is a chronic mental condition. The objective of this study is to apply time series modelling to Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores of outpatients with schizophrenia, observed at regular intervals of time, and hence forecast the number of visits required to reach remission.MethodsA retrospective data of outpatients diagnosed with chronic paranoid‐type schizophrenia were extracted from the records of outpatient department of a tertiary hospital in New Delhi, India. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and ARIMAX models (ARIMA with explanatory variable as Clinical Global Impression Severity scale) are fitted to the data. The best fit models are employed to forecast the number of visits required to reach remission for the outpatients who did not achieve remission by the end of study. Prediction accuracy of the two models is compared using mean absolute percentage error and mean absolute deviation.ResultsThe ARIMA (1, 2, 1) and ARIMAX (1, 2, 1) models are identified to be suitable models after a series of statistical tests.ConclusionsARIMA and ARIMAX models are suitable to predict number of visits required to reach remission. Further, ARIMAX model performed better than ARIMA model.
Current status of pharmacovigilance regulatory structures, processes, and outcomes in the Asia‐Pacific region: Survey results from 15 countries
Authors: Shin Ju‐Young , Shin Eungyeong , Jeong Han Eol , Kim Ju Hwan , Lee Eui‐Kyung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeRegulatory discrepancies may exist in pharmacovigilance (PV) structure, process, and outcome status worldwide. Our study's objective was to survey the current status of PV in each regulatory body in the Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region.MethodsA modified questionnaire was sent to the PV team heads of 21 PV agencies based in the APEC countries, between June 28 and September 12, 2017, to gather information on the structure, process, and outcome of PV status in these countries.ResultsOf the 21 APEC countries, 15 responded. We found harmonized laws and regulations for general PV and risk management systems. However, variations were found in PV structure: for example, 11 out of 15 countries had national regulatory representatives responsible for PV in pharmaceutical companies, while four did not. For PV process, discrepancies were also found in the source type of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports and reporting of medication errors and therapeutic ineffectiveness in cumulative ADR reports. With respect to PV outcomes, among countries that performed active surveillance, the United States of America was more active, with hundreds of projects including additional pharmacoepidemiological studies etc. Among the nine countries that responded, Japan had the greatest number of product label changes followed by Taiwan, Malaysia, and Korea.ConclusionWe have identified substantial variations in the structures, processes, and outcomes of PV status among the countries of the APEC region. Therefore, efforts to reduce variations in the PV administration and regulation are warranted for harmonization of PV within the APEC region.
How pharmacoepidemiology networks can manage distributed analyses to improve replicability and transparency and minimize bias
Authors: Platt Robert W. , Platt Richard , Brown Jeffrey S. , Henry David A. , Klungel Olaf H. , Suissa Samy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSeveral pharmacoepidemiology networks have been developed over the past decade that use a distributed approach, implementing the same analysis at multiple data sites, to preserve privacy and minimize data sharing. Distributed networks are efficient, by interrogating data on very large populations. The structure of these networks can also be leveraged to improve replicability, increase transparency, and reduce bias. We describe some features of distributed networks using, as examples, the Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies, the Sentinel System in the USA, and the European Research Network of Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology. Common protocols, analysis plans, and data models, with policies on amendments and protocol violations, are key features. These tools ensure that studies can be audited and repeated as necessary. Blinding and strict conflict of interest policies reduce the potential for bias in analyses and interpretation. These developments should improve the timeliness and accuracy of information used to support both clinical and regulatory decisions.
Spanish Cross‐cultural Adaptation of the Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool
Authors: Gor‐García‐Fogeda María Dolores , Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda Roberto , Daly Janis J. , Molina‐Rueda Francisco 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool (G.A.I.T.) has been shown to be a comprehensive and objectively scored tool to assess gait in people with neurologic disease. However, there is only an English version of the scale, the language in which it was developed.ObjectiveTo carry out a cross‐cultural adaptation of the Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool (G.A.I.T.) scale for its use in the Spanish‐speaking population, and to study the content validity of the Spanish version.DesignA cross‐cultural adaptation and validation study of the G.A.I.T.SettingUniversity Laboratory (Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain).ParticipantsNot applicable.Methods or InterventionsCross‐cultural adaptation of a scale.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe Spanish version of the G.A.I.T. was obtained using the double‐translation and back‐translation method, and a subsequent Expert Committee revision. The Expert Committee studied the content validity of the Spanish G.A.I.T. using the content validity index (CVI).ResultsThe final version of the G.A.I.T. in Spanish was obtained after the cross‐cultural process. The CVI was found to be excellent for the overall G.A.I.T. (0.94), and excellent for 87% of its 31 items (≥0.78). CVI was good for 10% of the items (arm swing and toes, CVI ≥0.72). Although 3% of items (shoulder and elbow position) showed CVI = 0.28, these items were retained for completeness.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the G.A.I.T. was developed through a cross‐cultural adaptation process from its original version in English, and according to an Expert Committee it has an excellent overall content validity.
Driving under the influence of drugs
Authors: Marillier Maude , Verstraete Alain G. 
Published: January 2019

Driving is a very complex task, requiring the cooperation of several different cognitive and psychomotor functions at once. Approximately 2% of the drivers drive under the influence of drugs, sometimes more (20%) and more at specific times (weekend nights). Population surveys show that self‐reported driving after using psychoactive drugs (mostly cannabis) varies between 3.8 and 29.9%. In injured and fatally injured drivers, about 20–40% test positive for drugs. The risk of a crash is almost doubled after cannabis use, increased about seven times after amphetamine use. For the other drugs, the risk falls between these extremes. Amphetamines are estimated to cause half of the fatalities due to driving under the infuence of drugs (DUID). Medicinal drugs, taken according to prescription, only increase crash risk by 20–40%. In France 4% and 3% of the accidents could be prevented if no one drove after taking cannabis and impairing therapeutic drugs, respectively. Three types of DUID legislation exist: “impairment” legislation, “per se” legislation and the “two‐tier” approach that combines both. In impairment legislation, the prosecution must demonstrate that the driver was impaired or “under the influence.” A “per se” law prohibits driving if drugs are present in blood, serum, plasma, or oral fluid (OF) above a certain threshold concentration. OF is commonly used for roadside drug screening of drivers, and increasingly for confirmation as well. Recently developed methods for confirmation analysis, either on blood or on OF, use liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry (LC–MS[MS]) to test for dozens of drugs on a small sample volume.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Drug‐Impaired Driving
Toxicology > Drug Analysis
Safety, domination, and differential support
Authors: Neil Charles 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn a recent paper “Safety, Sensitivity, and Differential Support” (Synthese, December 2017), Jose Zalabardo argues that (contra Sosa in Philos Perspect 33(13):141–153, 1999) sensitivity can be differentially supported as the correct requirement for propositional knowledge. Zalabardo argues that safety fails to dominate sensitivity; specifically: some cases of knowledge failure can only be explained by sensitivity. In this paper, I resist Zalabardo’s conclusion that domination failure confers differential support for sensitivity. Specifically, I argue that counterexamples to sensitivity undermine differential support for sensitivity. Using Zalabardo’s modal framework, I consider a less demanding modal condition, what I call weak sensitivity, and I explain how weak sensitivity avoids an influential counterexample to sensitivity. However, I argue that we can subvert that counterexample only by abandoning Zalabardo’s case for domination failure. So either way, we cannot differentially support sensitivity.
Changes in Household Composition and Children’s Educational Attainment
Authors: Perkins Kristin L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Changes in parental romantic relationships are an important component of family instability, but children are exposed to many other changes in the composition of their households that bear on child well-being. Prior research that focused on parental transitions has thus overlooked a substantial source of instability in children’s lives. I argue that the instability in children’s residential arrangements is characterized by household instability rather than family instability. To evaluate this thesis, I use the 1968–2015 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and time-varying methods for causal inference to test the independent effects of different types of changes in household composition on educational attainment. Experiencing changes involving nonparent, nonsibling household members has a significant negative effect on educational attainment that is similar in magnitude to that for children who experience changes involving residential parents. Measures of parental changes miss the nearly 20 % of children who experience changes involving household members other than parents or siblings. By showing that changes in nonparental household members are both common and consequential experiences for children, I demonstrate the value of conceptualizing the changes to which children are exposed as a product of household instability, rather than simply family instability.
THE COST OF FORWARD CONTRACTING IN THE CIF NOLA EXPORT BID MARKET
Authors: MCKENZIE ANDREW M. , ISBELL BRADLEY J. , BRORSEN B. WADE 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe CIF NOLA “river market” represents an important but opaque forward market that serves Gulf exporters and elevators. CIF NOLA bids function similarly to traditional forward contracts; however, like a futures market, firms can offset their forward contractual obligations by offsetting positions in a liquid off-exchange paper market. Analysis shows grain sellers pay a risk premium for fall harvest delivery contracts. However, outside of fall harvest, contract liquidity, coupled with a good institutional balance of long and short market participants, mostly removes the pricing bias commonly found in farmer forward contracting in corn and soybeans.
Cacao liquor procyanidins prevent postprandial hyperglycaemia by increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 activity and AMP-activated protein kinase in mice
Authors: Yamashita Yoko , Okabe Masaaki , Natsume Midori , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProcyanidins have been reported to possess potential for the prevention of hyperglycaemia. However, there are very few data for procyanidins about the difference the degree of polymerisation (DP) has on anti-hyperglycaemic effects. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which procyanidins suppress hyperglycaemia are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we prepared procyanidin fractions with different DP, namely low-DP (DP≤3) and high-DP (DP≥4) fractions, from a cacao liquor procyanidin-rich extract (CLPr). These fractions were administered orally to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and their anti-hyperglycaemic effects were examined. We found that CLPr and its fractions prevent postprandial hyperglycaemia accompanied by an increase in the plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level with or without glucose load. In the absence of glucose load, both fractions increased the plasma insulin level and activated its downstream signalling pathway in skeletal muscle, resulting in promotion of the translocation of GLUT4. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was also involved in the promotion of GLUT4 translocation. High- and low-DP fractions showed a similar activation of insulin and AMPK pathways. In conclusion, cacao liquor procyanidins prevent hyperglycaemia by promoting GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle, and both the GLP-1-activated insulin pathway and the AMPK pathway are involved in the underlying molecular mechanism.
On random quadratic forms: supports of potential local maxima
Authors: Pittel Boris 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe selection model in population genetics is a dynamic system on the set of the probability distributions 𝒑=(p1,…,pn) of the allelesA1…,An, withpi(t+1) proportional topi(t) multiplied by ∑jfi,jpj(t), andfi,j=fj,iinterpreted as a fitness of the gene pair (Ai,Aj). It is known that 𝒑̂ is a locally stable equilibrium if and only if 𝒑̂ is a strict local maximum of the quadratic form 𝒑T𝒇𝒑. Usually, there are multiple local maxima and lim𝒑(t) depends on 𝒑(0). To address the question of atypicalbehavior of {𝒑(t)}, John Kingman considered the case when thefi,jare independent and [0,1]-uniform. He proved that with high probability (w.h.p.) no local maximum may have more than 2.49n1∕2positive components, and reduced 2.49 to 2.14 for a nonbiological case of exponentials on [0,∞). We show that the constant 2.14 serves a broad class of smooth densities on [0,1] with the increasing hazard rate. As for a lower bound, we prove that w.h.p. for allk≤2n1∕3, there are manyk-element subsets of [n] that pass a partial test to be a support of a local maximum. Still, it may well be that w.h.p. the actual supports are much smaller. In that direction, we prove that w.h.p. a support of a local maximum, which does not contain a support of a local equilibrium, is very unlikely to have size exceeding ⅔log2nand, for the uniform fitnesses, there are super-polynomially many potential supports free of local equilibriums of size close to ½log2n.
The political life of the dead Lumumba: Cold War histories and the Congolese student left
Authors: Monaville Pedro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines Patrice Lumumba's afterlife among Congolese students in the 1960s. Mobilizing oral histories, it also interrogates the stakes of remembering Lumumba at different moments in Congo's postcolonial history. It shows how Lumumba's assassination became a collective and personal landmark in the biographies of a generation of student activists and clearly helped facilitate a turn towards the left in 1961 and in the years that followed. Overlooked by Cold War histories, this political process was nonetheless also a by-product of the internationalization of the Congo crisis and proved central to the historical imagination of a generation of educated Congolese. The dead Lumumba pushed young educated Congolese to revisit the meaning of decolonization. The article argues that the students’ extroverted political imagination was an important explanation for Lumumba's posthumous popularity in Congolese universities. Through their affiliation with the figure of Lumumba, young Congolese could expect to receive support and attention from real and imagined allies around the world. The international communion around Lumumba's name was sometimes the result of productive misunderstandings; nonetheless, his legacy played a crucial role in transnational mediation throughout the 1960s and made possible the circulation of new political repertoires among Congolese students.
Nationalists with no nation: oral history, ZANU(PF) and the meanings of Rhodesian student activism in Zimbabwe
Authors: Hodgkinson Dan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn Zimbabwe after 2000, ZANU(PF) leaders’ past experiences of student activism in Rhodesia were celebrated by the state-owned media as personifications of anti-colonial, nationalist leadership in the struggle to liberate the country. This article examines the history behind this narrative by exploring the entangled realities of student activism in Rhodesia throughout the 1960s and 1970s and its role as a mechanism of elite formation in ZANU(PF). Building on the historiography of African student movements, I show how the persistence of nationalist anti-colonial organizing and liberal traditions on campus made student activism in Rhodesia distinct from that in South Africa and independent African countries to its north. The article then examines how and why three former activists, who took up elite political careers in the party that they subsequently left, contested the ruling party's anti-colonial, ‘patriotic’ rendering of these experiences. These three men's stories invoked imagined and older forms of nationalism or institutional ethic that had been abandoned by the party as it turned to more authoritarian rule. Stories of Rhodesian student activism thus provided space for justifying alternative political possibilities of nationalism, which implicitly critiqued the ruling party's ‘patriotic’ narrative, as well as for nostalgic anecdotes of life on campus, their journeys into adulthood, and the excitement of being part of a dynamic, transformational political project.