bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Electrical Conductance in Magnetic Emission Junction of Fe3GeTe2/ZnO/Ni Heterostructure via Selective Spin Emission through ZnO Ohmic Barrier
Authors: Kim Whan Kyun , Kim Namgun , Park Mi Hyang , Shin Yong Ha , Cho Ga Young , Kim Giheon , Yu Woo Jong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe insulator is essential for magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) that increases magnetoresistance (MR) by decoupling magnetization directions between two ferromagnets. However, wide bandgap tunnel barrier blocks the thermionic emission of electrons, significantly reducing electrical conductance through MTJ. Here, a magnetic emission junction (MEJ) is demonstrated for the first time using an Fe3GeTe2 (FGT)/ZnO/Ni heterostructure with very high electrical conductance. The conduction band of ZnO (electron affinity 4.6 eV) aligns with Fermi levels (EF) of FGT (4.47 eV) and Ni (4.58 eV) ferromagnets and forms an Ohmic barrier, enabling free spin‐electron emission through ZnO barrier and high electrical conductance. In contrast to the typical positive MR in MTJ by majority spin tunneling, negative MR is observed in FGT/ZnO/Ni MEJ. The minority spin electrons of Ni, with maximum states near the EF, are dominantly emitted to FGT over the ZnO barrier, while majority spin electrons of Ni, with maximum states below the EF, are blocked by it. In the FGT/FGT/ZnO/Ni heterostructure, the MR ratio is further increased by combining positive and negative MR at the MTJ (FGT/FGT) and MEJ (FGT/ZnO/Ni), respectively. As a result, FGT‐MEJ exhibits 10–1000 orders higher conductance than other 2D‐MTJs, while MR ratio remains similar to other 2D‐MTJs.
Subtle Tuning of Catalytic Well Effect in Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective CO2 Electroreduction into C2H4
Authors: Yang Yi‐Lu , Li Qi , Liu Ping , Xu Qing , Zeng Qi‐Yi , Chen Yu‐Xin , Yang Yu‐Qing , Yang Hao‐Tao , Yu Fei , Wang Yi‐Rong , Chen Yifa , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), the strategic design of a catalytic well capable of regulating the overall confinement effects of catalytic sites holds significant promise for enhancing multiple‐electron transfer and C─C coupling efficiency, particularly for the generation of C2+ products. Here, a series of Cu‐salphen‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring hydroxyl‐induced catalytic well are synthesized, which demonstrate successful application in electrocatalytic CO2RR to yield multiple‐electron transferred products. The meticulously engineered catalytic well, facilitated by multi‐hydroxyl groups, manifests robust confinement effects, facilitating selective adsorption, enrichment, and activation of CO2, intermediate stabilization, and reduction of energy barriers for electrocatalytic CO2RR. Specifically, product selectivity can be finely tuned from CH4 to C2H4 by modulating the levels of catalytic well, with CuPc‐DFP‐4OH‐Cu exhibiting the most pronounced catalytic well effect, yielding a high 56.86% faradaic efficiency (FE) for C2H4 at −0.7 V, while CuPc‐DFP‐Cu, with the weakest catalytic well effect, achieves a 75.24% FE for CH4 at −1.0 V. Notably, the attained FE for C2H4 (56.86%) surpasses that of all reported COFs to date. Complemented by theoretical calculations and in situ tests, this study delves deeply into the pivotal roles of hydroxyl‐induced catalytic well with confinement effects.
Effect of Surface Functionalization of Si3N4 Fillers on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of TIMs
Authors: Jin Zaifu , Li JinHong , Zhao Jiaqing , Ge Yixuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermal interface materials (TIMs), which consist of polymers and thermally conductive fillers, are crucial for improving heat dissipation. This study examines the impact of surface functionalization of Si₃N₄ thermal conductive fillers on the performance of TIMs. Si₃N₄ fillers are modified with silane coupling agents of varying alkyl chain lengths, producing fillers with contact angles ranging from 25° to 151.2°, thereby ensuring enhanced interfacial compatibility with various polymers. The modified fillers are incorporated into three common polymers—silica gel (SG), epoxy resin (EP), and polyurethane (PU)—to fabricate TIMs. When the contact angle of Si₃N₄ fillers is 73.3°, they demonstrate excellent interfacial compatibility with EP, leading to a 54.37% increase in thermal conductivity and a 162.75% enhancement in elongation at break for the TIM. At a contact angle of 132.7°, the TIMs prepared with SG exhibit an 86.36% increase in thermal conductivity and a 23.88% increase in elongation at break. Given that the original Si₃N₄ already possesses adequate interfacial compatibility with PU, no further modification is required. These findings offer valuable insights for future research aimed at optimizing Si₃N₄ fillers and TIMs to achieve enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.
Inherent Lattice Distortion Engineering via Magnetic Field for High‐Quality Strained MAPbI3 Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Ogunleye Abdulazeez M. , Lee Hakseon , Awwal Adeshina Mohammad , Kim GunWoo , Kim Hyunmin , Choi Yoonmi , Park Jonghoo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLattice distortion in perovskites (AMX3) significantly impacts their stability and power conversion efficiency, often in a trade‐off. The inherent lattice distortion is predominantly influenced by the size, orientation, and composition of the A‐site cations. Notably, organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites with organic cations like methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA) demonstrate high power conversion efficiency but compromised stability. Here, a novel synthesis method is presented for high‐quality strained MAPbI3 single crystals that offers not only enhanced optoelectronic properties but also improved thermal stability. This technique leverages the paramagnetic nature of the MA+ ion to manipulate lattice distortion. During the inverse temperature crystallization process, the dipole moment of the MA+ ion aligns with the direction of the external magnetic field. Correlating Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrates that this alignment, which induces compressive lattice strain, significantly enhances the carrier mobility from 68.1 to 487 cm2 V s−1, representing a sevenfold increase in hole mobility compared to the control sample. Additionally, it increases the carrier lifetime by 123%, from 23.458 to 52.364 ns, and improves thermal stability up to 230 °C. This findings reveal insights into the interplay between structural modifications and electronic properties, paving the way for tailored applications in photovoltaics, light‐emitting devices, and beyond.
Giant Power Output from Ionic/electronic Hybrid Nanocomposite Thermoelectric Converter Under Constant Temperature Gradient
Authors: Liu Siqi , Zhang Mingxia , Kong Junhua , Li Hui , He Chaobin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) materials that directly convert heat to electricity are of great significance for sustainable development. However, TE generators (TEGs) made from electronic TE materials suffer from low Seebeck coefficient (10−2–100 mV K−1). While ionic TE capacitors based on ionic conductors exhibit high thermovoltage (100–102 mV K−1), ionic TE capacitors provide power discontinuously only under variation of temperature gradient as ions cannot transport across electrodes to external circuits. Herein, an ionic/electronic hybrid nanocomposite TE converter (NCTEC) by integrating carbon nanotube/polylactic acid nanofibrous fabrics (CPNF) with gelatin ionogel is reported. The resulting NCTEC exhibits a record‐high output power density normalized by squared temperature gradient (Pave/ΔT2) of 1.72 mW m−2 K−2 and realizes continuous power output (over 12 h) at a constant temperature gradient, which is among the highest reported power output for TE converters and can be attributed to the combination of substantial increase in interfacial capacitive effect between ionogel and CPNF and an optimized electrical property of the CPNF. The work provides an effective strategy to overcome the limitations of both TEGs and ionic TE capacitors.
Lithium Dendrite Deflection at Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conducting Interlayers in Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Yu Zikang , Gan Chenjie , Mijailovic Aleksandar S. , Stone Aidan , Hurt Robert , Pernia Cristina Lopez , Xiao Xingcheng , Shi Changmin , Sheldon Brian W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSolid state lithium metal batteries using garnet solid electrolytes such as LLZTO (Li6.4La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12) promise substantial improvements in energy density and safety. However, practical implementation is hindered by lithium dendrite penetration at high current densities. Recent work shows that internal electrochemically induced mechanical stresses are large enough to propagate lithium dendrites and subsequently fracture solid electrolytes. This study builds on this understanding and demonstrates that stress‐driven dendrite propagation can be controlled via deflection at weakly bonded internal interfaces. This approach, based on a fracture‐mechanics analysis of multilayered composites, is investigated with a variety of interlayer materials that are embedded into LLZTO. The viability and effectiveness of dendrite deflection are most clearly evident with reduced graphene oxide where the critical current density increased from 0.6 to 3.8 mA cm−2. In this material, both the weak interface with LLZTO and the mixed ionic–electronic conducting nature of the interlayer appear to contribute to the improved performance. Additional insight into the mechanics of multilayered electrolytes is also obtained with finite element modeling. The overall results present a promising proof‐of‐concept demonstration along with important generalized design guidelines for creating multilayered solid electrolyte architectures that can enable high‐performance solid‐state batteries.
Preoperative sarcopenia negatively impacts short‐ and long‐term outcomes of rectal cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Abe Shinya , Nozawa Hiroaki , Sasaki Kazuhito , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Kaneko Kensuke , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Nagai Yuzo , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimSarcopenia is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in various cancers; however, limited evidence is available for rectal cancer. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of skeletal muscle mass on the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of rectal cancer.Materials and MethodsA total of 787 Stage I–IV rectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection between 2003 and 2021 at The University of Tokyo Hospital were included. We conducted a propensity score‐matched analysis to mitigate confounding bias. The third lumber psoas muscle mass was measured to define sarcopenia.ResultsAmong 787 patients, 350 (44.5%) were classified as having sarcopenia. After matching, 532 patients were analyzed. Patient characteristics in the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups were similar; however, the body mass index differed. The sarcopenia group had significantly higher rates of postoperative complications of all grades (33.1% vs 24.8%; p = 0.035), of grade ≥2 (29.3% vs 21.8%; p = 0.047), and anastomotic leakage (1.9% vs 0%; p = 0.0082) than the nonsarcopenia group. The 5‐y overall survival rate was significantly lower in the sarcopenia group than in the nonsarcopenia group (85.3% vs 91.8%, p = 0.019). Disease‐free survival was similar between the groups (p = 0.40). In the total cohort analysis, sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for total postoperative complications (odds ratio 1.41, p = 0.042).ConclusionPreoperative sarcopenia is associated with more total postoperative complications, more anastomotic leakage, and worse survival in rectal cancer patients.
Gram‐Negative Bacteria Targeting AIE Photosensitizer for Selective Photodynamic Killing of Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Xin Hao‐Tian , Lin Qiao‐Wen , Sun Simin , Wang Yu‐Ying , Liu Bing , Wang Wen‐Jin , Mao Zong‐Wan , Wang Kang‐Nan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTVibrio vulnificus is a highly virulent Gram‐negative bacterium exhibiting extensive resistance to various antibiotics, presenting significant challenges for efficient and selective eradication. Recently, photosensitizer (PS)‐based photodynamic therapy has emerged as an effective strategy against bacteria and biofilms. However, traditional PS struggles to penetrate the unique membrane structure of Gram‐negative bacteria such as V. vulnificus, while avoiding traversal of the membrane barrier of eukaryotic cells. To address this issue, herein, a PS named BDTP with aggregation‐induced emission properties was developed. BDTP can specifically target the DNA of V. vulnificus, but integrate into the cell membrane, preventing damage to the contents in eukaryotic cells due to its hydrophilic/lipophilic “Y‐shaped” structural characteristics. In dark conditions, BDTP functions as an antibiotic, inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Upon white light stimulation, BDTP can induce phototoxic damage to the DNA of V. vulnificus and effectively inhibit/clear V. vulnificus biofilms. Additionally, the eukaryotic cell membrane barrier significantly reduces PS‐induced damage to its nucleic acids. This strategy significantly promotes the healing of infected wounds in V. vulnificus‐infected mice. Our work introduces the first PS targeting V. vulnificus‐associated infections, demonstrating efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.
Hepatobiliary Platynosomosis in Black‐Tufted Marmosets (Callithrix penicillata): A Lethal Threat for Wildlife and Captive Populations
Authors: de Macêdo Isabel Luana , de Sousa Davi Emanuel Ribeiro , Souza Antonizete dos Reis , de Toledo Costa Gabriela Rodrigues , Scalon Marcela Corrêa , Duarte Matheus Almeida , Paludo Giane Regina , Hoppe Estevam Guilherme Lux , Oliveira Wilson Junior , de Oliveira Passos Pedro Henrique , Romano Alessandro Pecego Martins , de Lima Eduardo Mauricio Mendes , de Melo Cristiano Barros , de Castro Márcio Botelho 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHelminthic infections, particularly those caused by trematodes, pose a significant health risk to both animals and humans. This study investigates hepatobiliary platynosomosis (HP) caused by Platynosomum illiciens in black‐tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) in Central Brazil. Data were retrospectively collected from autopsy records at the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Forensics, University of Brasília, from January 2006 to July 2021. Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological information was analyzed, including comparisons between free‐ranging and captive marmosets. A total of 1596 nonhuman primate (NHP) death records were examined, with black‐tufted marmosets accounting for 75.6% (1206/1595) of autopsies. HP was identified in 10.8% (131/1206) of these cases. Captive marmosets showed a higher prevalence of HP (49.6%) than free‐ranging ones (6.5%). This study revealed a significant seasonal trend, with higher HP prevalence observed during the wet season until the onset of the dry season. Pathological examinations revealed severe liver and bile duct damage in fatal HP cases, including fibrosis, bile duct thickening, and the presence of flukes. Captive marmosets exhibited pronounced clinical signs, such as weight loss and apathy. Morphological and molecular analysis of sampled flukes confirmed P. illiciens infecting the marmosets. These findings underscore the substantial impact of HP on marmoset populations, particularly in captive settings. The high lethality (58% overall; 81.6% in captivity) highlights the need for improved management and preventive measures in captive environments. This study contributes to understanding HP epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and pathological outcomes, underscoring the disease's significance for the health of both free‐ranging and captive NHP populations. Our findings also support the need to develop targeted strategies to mitigate the impact of HP on primate species populations.
Transition Metal Complexes of Turmeric Schiff Base: A New Avenue for the Development of Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Preliminary Anticancer Therapies via In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessments
Authors: Michael Samuel , Jeyaraman Porkodi , Marimuthu Bhuvaneswari , Raman Natarajan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the current study, Knoevenagel condensates mediated by ultrasound were created using cinnamaldehyde and physiologically active curcumin. These Knoevenagel condensates have been reacted with 4‐aminoantipyrene to create curcumin Schiff bases. The octahedral geometry of the synthesized transition metal complexes is verified by a range of analytical methods and spectroscopic techniques. It is interesting to note that viscosity tests against calf thymus‐DNA and UV–visible absorption titration are used to confirm the synthetic drugs intercalative binding effectiveness. VLS3D online program was utilized to examine the properties of SWISS ADME. The experimental validation of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity demonstrates that theoretical expectations align with the experimental findings. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the synthesized complexes show that they are more effective against microbes than ligand. Density functional theory simulations were performed at the B3LYP/6–31G(d) level to examine the complexes' thermodynamic stability and physiological accessibility. Every synthetic molecule has been docked against the bovine serum albumin 3v03 enzyme.
Isolated Neutron Stars as Science Validation for XMM2ATHENA: Ensuring Robust Data for Future X‐Ray Astronomy
Authors: Pires Adriana Mancini , Motch Christian , Schwope Axel , Traulsen Iris , Ballet Jean , Chakraborty Sudip , Homan David , Kurpas Jan , Gomez‐Moràn Ada Nebot , Pineau François‐Xavier , Tranin Hugo , Webb Natalie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe discovery of radio‐quiet, x‐ray thermally emitting isolated neutron stars (XINSs) in the ROSAT All‐Sky Survey revealed a previously overlooked component of the neutron star population. Advancements in x‐ray instrumentation and the availability of deep, wide‐area optical surveys now enable us to explore XINSs at fainter x‐ray fluxes and greater distances. In this study, we investigated candidates selected from the 4XMM‐DR9 catalogue using XMM‐Newton, focusing on long‐term flux stability, spectral characterisation, and astrometry. By leveraging resources from the XMM2ATHENA project—including updated catalogues, multiwavelength characterisation and machine learning classification—we refined our understanding of this sample of soft x‐ray emitters. Our findings enhance the characterisation of XINS candidates, laying the groundwork for more targeted investigations and future catalogue searches.
The role of autonomy in forming an integrated identity among early career academics
Authors: Kuzborska Irena , O'Reilly David , Smith Katie , Lambrechts Agata A. , Stenson Annis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe formation of teacher identity is a complex and strenuous process. Teachers are expected to form multiple identities based on institutional values and regulations; however, these identities can sometimes conflict with one's personal values and goals, leading to less integration. According to self‐determination theory, forming an integrated identity is crucial for teachers' well‐being and effective performance. To promote an integrated identity, it is essential to satisfy the need for autonomy, defined in this study as the need to have a choice and the ability to self‐determine one's behaviours. While much is known about the construction of social identity, the formation of an integrated identity is less understood. To fill this gap and support the professional development of early career academics (ECAs), this study adopts the concepts of organismic integration and basic psychological needs. It examines the extent to which ECAs' identity adoption is integrated (autonomous) or introjected (controlled) and the degree to which autonomy satisfaction is associated with adopting particular identities. A total of 176 ECAs teaching at various UK universities completed an online questionnaire based on the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale; 25 of them also participated in a semi‐structured interview. Generally high levels of autonomy satisfaction were determined, but the reasons given indicated the formation of externally regulated and introjected identities. Implications for developing effective professional preparation programmes are discussed.
Quality of life outcomes in patients participating in the CALGB 30610 trial (CALGB 70702): Alliance
Authors: Ganti Apar K. , Fruth Briant , Rimner Andreas , Waqar Saiama , Mix Michael D. , Petty W. Jeffrey , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Vokes Everett E. , Bogart Jeffrey A. , Dueck Amylou C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundCALGB 30610 trial demonstrated that once daily thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) was not superior compared to standard twice daily TRT, in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer. Quality of life outcomes may help oncologists decide the best treatment approach.MethodsA total of 417 patients on CALGB 30610 participated in the quality‐of‐life substudy (CALGB 70702), which included the FACT Trial Outcome Index‐Lung Cancer (FACT‐L TOI), FACT‐Esophageal Cancer (FACT‐E) Eating and Swallowing Indices, ECOG Acute Esophagitis Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), difficulty swallowing, EQ‐5D, and treatment convenience assessment at baseline, 3, 5, 7, 12, 26, and 52 weeks after starting TRT. Primary end points included FACT‐L TOI and FACT‐E at 12 weeks. Mean changes from baseline were compared between arms using general linear mixed models.ResultsFACT‐L worsening was more in the twice daily arm at week 3 (–1.0 vs. –7.0). FACT‐L TOI worsening was less at week 3 (–2.9 vs. –7.6) and greater at week 12 (–7.6 vs. –2.8) in the once daily arm. The once daily arm had a lower EQ‐5D index worsening at 3 weeks (0.01 vs. –0.02). Increase in acute esophagitis score (1.06 vs. 2.89; p < .001) and difficulty swallowing (0.39 vs. 1.14) were greater in the twice daily arm at week 3. A total of 74.5% of patients on the once daily arm felt that treatment was convenient, compared to 67% of patients in the twice daily arm (p = .03).ConclusionsThe once daily arm had better quality‐of‐life scores earlier during treatment and was perceived to be more convenient.
From Fundamentals to Practice: Electrolyte Strategies for Zinc‐Ion Batteries in Extreme Temperature
Authors: Xue Tao , Mu Yongbiao , Wei Xiyan , Zhou Ziyan , Zhou Yuke , Zhang Zhengchu , Yang Chao , Qiu Jianhui , Zang Limin , Zeng Lin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the pursuit of advanced energy storage technologies that promote sustainable energy solutions, zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to their abundance, safety, and environmental advantages. However, the failure mechanisms of ZIBs under extreme temperatures are still not fully understood, presenting significant challenges to their development and commercialization. Therefore, innovative strategies are essential to enhance their adaptability to temperature extremes. In this review, we first explore the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of performance degradation under extreme temperatures, focusing on key factors such as ion diffusion and redox processes at electrode interfaces. We then comprehensively summarize and discuss the existing approaches for various electrolyte types, including aqueous, nonaqueous, and solid state. Finally, we highlight the key challenges and future prospects for ZIBs operating under extreme temperature conditions. The insights presented in this review are expected to accelerate the advancement of ZIBs and facilitate their practical implementation in large‐scale energy storage systems.