bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal incision palatoplasty with or without muscle reconstruction in patients with isolated cleft palate—a cephalometric study at 5 and 10 years
Authors: Parikakis Konstantinos , Larson Ola , Karsten Agneta 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Objective
To compare differences in facial growth in patients with isolated clefts of the hard and/or soft palate treated with the minimal incision technique without (MI) or with muscle reconstruction (MMI).

Subjects and method
A consecutive series of 170 Caucasian children born with isolated cleft palate were studied. Individuals with other craniofacial malformations, apart from Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), were excluded. The patients were treated surgically with MI (n = 85) or MMI (n = 85) palatoplasty (mean age: 13 months) and divided further into two subgroups: clefts within the soft palate only (small cleft, n = 51) and within the hard and soft palate (big cleft, n = 119). A retrospective evaluation at 5 (mean 5.4) and 10 (mean 10.3) years was performed using lateral cephalograms. Twelve skeletal and one soft tissue measurement was evaluated. Both 95% and 99% confidence intervals were calculated, two-way ANOVA and mixed model analysis was performed including/excluding PRS.

Results
At 5 years, statistically significant increased inclination of the palatal plane in the big MMI cleft group (P < 0.01), increased posterior upper face height (P < 0.01), and longer mandibular length (P < 0.001) in the small MI cleft group was observed. At 10 years, statistically significant increased inclination of the palatal plane (P < 0.001), decreased posterior upper face height (P < 0.001), and longer palatal length (P < 0.01) was seen in the big MMI group.

Limitations
Retrospective single centre study, limited sample size, three surgeons.

Conclusion
Minor differences in craniofacial morphology were found between patients with isolated clefts treated with MI or MMI technique and between small and big cleft lengths.
Directly ageing the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus with validated band counts from gastric mill ossicles
Authors: Gnanalingam Gaya , Butler Mark J , Matthews Thomas R , Hutchinson Emily , Kilada Raouf 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn crustaceans, ecdysis was long believed to result in the loss and replacement of all calcified structures, precluding the use of conventional ageing methods. However, the discovery of bands in the gastric ossicles of several crustaceans with some correlation with age suggests that direct age estimation may be possible. We applied this method to a tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, one of the most iconic and economically valuable species in the Caribbean. The presence of growth bands was investigated using wild lobsters of unknown age and was validated with captive reared lobsters of known age (1.5–10 years) from the Florida Keys, Florida (USA). Bands were consistently identified in ptero- and zygo-cardiac ossicles of the gastric mill and did not appear to be associated with moulting. Validation with known age animals confirms that bands form annually. Counts between independent readers were reproducible with coefficients of variation ranging from 11% to 26% depending on reader experience and the structure used. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that direct age determination of P. argus is possible.
Shifting boundaries of water, ice, flora, fauna, people, and institutions in the Arctic and Subarctic
Authors: Drinkwater Kenneth F , Mueter Franz J , Saitoh Sei-Ichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn international Open Science Meeting entitled Moving in, out, and across the Subarctic and Arctic marine ecosystems: shifting boundaries of water, ice, flora, fauna, people, and institutions, took place 11–15 June 2017 in Tromsø, Norway. Organized by the Ecosystem Studies of Subarctic and Arctic Seas programme and cosponsored by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and the North Pacific Marine Science Organization, the primary aim of the meeting was to examine past, present, and future ecosystem responses to climate variability and ocean acidification (OA) and their effect on fishing communities, the fishing industry and fisheries management in the northern Pacific and Atlantic oceans and the Arctic. This symposium issue contains several papers from the meeting covering topics from climate and OA, ecosystem responses to environmental change, and fisheries management including: a synthesis of the ecosystem responses to the AMO-linked cold period of the 1970s and 1980s;a novel approach to understand responses to OA in northern climes using natural carbonate chemistry gradients, such as CO2 vents, methane cold seeps, and upwelling area;the possibility that warm temperatures are allowing two generations of Calanus finmarchicus per year to be produced;a new hypothesis suggesting that in areas where sea ice disappears there could be an increase of fish species with swim bladders;results from laboratory experiments on the effects of temperature and food on Arctic and boreal fish larvae;the application of ecosystem-based management in northern regions; anda description of the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration approach to marine conservation and how it affects fish populations and fisheries.
Development and user evaluation of a rare disease gene prioritization workflow based on cognitive ergonomics
Authors: Lee Jessica J Y , van Karnebeek Clara D M , Wasserman Wyeth W 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical diagnosis of genetic disorders is undergoing transformation, driven by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WES/WGS). However, such nucleotide-level resolution technologies create an interpretive challenge. Prior literature suggests that clinicians may employ characteristic cognitive processes during WES/WGS investigations to identify disruptions in genes causal for the observed disease. Based on cognitive ergonomics, we designed and evaluated a gene prioritization workflow that supported these cognitive processes.Materials and MethodsWe designed a novel workflow in which clinicians recalled known genetic diseases with similarity to patient phenotypes to inform WES/WGS data interpretation. This prototype-based workflow was evaluated against the common computational approach based on physician-specified sets of individual patient phenotypes. The evaluation was conducted as a web-based user study, in which 18 clinicians analyzed 2 simulated patient scenarios using a randomly assigned workflow. Data analysis compared the 2 workflows with respect to accuracy and efficiency in diagnostic interpretation, efficacy in collecting detailed phenotypic information, and user satisfaction.ResultsParticipants interpreted genetic diagnoses faster using prototype-based workflows. The 2 workflows did not differ in other evaluated aspects.DiscussionThe user study findings indicate that prototype-based approaches, which are designed to model experts’ cognitive processes, can expedite gene prioritization and provide utility in synergy with common phenotype-driven variant/gene prioritization approaches. However, further research of the extent of this effect across diverse genetic diseases is required.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate potential for prototype-based phenotype description to accelerate computer-assisted variant/gene prioritization through complementation of skills and knowledge of clinical experts via human–computer interaction.
Advantages of Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone as a Marker for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Shi Xinyan , Peng Duo , Liu Yanfei , Miao Xiaofen , Ye Hui , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the advantages of using anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods
We compared data from 56 Han Chinese patients with PCOS and 52 female control Han Chinese individuals in terms of biochemical markers and the antral follicle count (AFC). Then, the correlation between serum AMH levels and various endocrine and metabolic factors was analyzed. We generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the usefulness of AMH, AFC, the luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, and testosterone (T), to discriminate between the PCOS and control groups.

Results
The LH/FSH ratio, homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), testosterone (T), blood glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), body mass index (BMI), AFC and, in particular, serum AMH level were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (P <.05; P <.001). The serum AMH level had a significant positive effect on the likelihood of AFC changes in patients with PCOS and control-group women. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of AMH, AFC, LH/FSH ratio, and T were 0.952, 0.778, 0.760, and 0.665, respectively. The best cutoff point for AMH was 6.09 ng per mL, with sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 88%.
Oxford Handbook for the Foundation Programme
Authors: Raine Tim , Collins George , Hall Catriona , Hjelde Nina 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Oxford Handbook for the Foundation Programme provides a unique resource for medical students and junior doctors as a definitive guide to the Foundation Programme. It is divided into 18 chapters, each covering a core area of the curriculum, including being a doctor, life on the wards, history and examination, prescribing, drugs, resuscitation, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastroenterology, endocrinology, neurology, psychiatry, fluids and renal, haematology, skin and eyes, emergency department, procedures, and interpreting results. It presents evidence-based clinical guidance in a clear way that makes it easy to revise, remember, and implement on the ward. It gives reliable advice on what to do, and when and how to do it, with clinical diagrams that bring theory to life. It helps junior doctors navigate all aspects of their working life, from career development to workplace relations, paperwork to pay and pensions.
History and examination
Authors: Raine Tim , Collins George , Hall Catriona , Hjelde Nina , Dawson James , Sanders Stephan , Eccles Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses history and examination, including basic history and examination, recording your clerking, cardiovascular medicine, respiratory medicine, gastrointestinal medicine, neurological medicine, endocrine medicine, skin, oncological/haematological medicine, breast surgery, eye surgery, head and neck surgery, musculoskeletal surgery, urological surgery, the female reproductive system, obstetric medicine, psychiatric medicine, neonatal examination, and paediatrics.
Pharmacopoeia
Authors: Raine Tim , Collins George , Hall Catriona , Hjelde Nina , Dawson James , Sanders Stephan , Eccles Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter is a pharmacopoeia. It lists all the drugs that a Foundation doctor commonly encounters, from ACEi to Zyban, listing dose, indication, contraindications, cautions, and side effects for each one.
Resuscitation
Authors: Raine Tim , Collins George , Hall Catriona , Hjelde Nina , Dawson James , Sanders Stephan , Eccles Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores resuscitation, including early warning scores, intensive care, peri-arrest, in-hospital resuscitation, Advanced Life Support (ALS), arrest equipment and tests, Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), Paediatric Basic Life Support, Newborn Life Support (NLS), and obstetric arrest.
Skin and eyes
Authors: Raine Tim , Collins George , Hall Catriona , Hjelde Nina , Dawson James , Sanders Stephan , Eccles Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses disorders of the skin and eyes, including rash and rash emergency, bacterial infections causing a rash, viral infections causing a rash, fungal infections causing a rash, infestations causing a rash, chronic inflammatory rashes, other causes of rash, skin lumps, skin cancers, breast lumps, leg ulcers, acute red eye emergency, sudden visual loss, gradual visual loss, and other visual disturbances.
Procedures
Authors: Raine Tim , Collins George , Hall Catriona , Hjelde Nina , Dawson James , Sanders Stephan , Eccles Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores procedures, including practical procedures, laboratories, achievement of core foundation skills, blood and injections, taking blood (venepuncture), femoral stab, blood tubes, IV cannulation, taking blood in children, arterial blood gas (ABG), SC/IM injections, IV injections, cardiology, ECGs and cardiac monitors, exercise tolerance test, chemical cardioversion (adenosine), cardioversion and defibrillation, central lines, thrombolysis, respiratory, pleural tap, chest drain (Seldinger method), endotracheal intubation (adult), laryngeal mask airway (LMA), urology, urethral catheterization, replacing a suprapubic catheter, gastroenterology, replacing a PEG feeding tube, nasogastric (NG) tubes, ascitic tap (abdominal paracentesis), neurology, lumbar puncture (LP), normal vaginal delivery, joint aspiration and injection, local anaesthetic (LA), suturing, and reduction of fractures and dislocations.
Use of JUUL E-cigarettes Among Youth in the United States
Authors: Hammond David , Wackowski Olivia A , Reid Jessica L , O’Connor Richard J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
JUUL has emerged as the leading brand in a rapidly evolving electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) market. JUUL is distinctive for its novel nicotine delivery method that results in high nicotine concentrations, as well as its sleek, discreet design. This study examined national estimates of JUUL among youth in the United States, including whether JUUL users report different patterns of use compared to users of other e-cigarettes.

Methods
Data were analyzed from the US arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Youth Tobacco and E-cigarette Survey, an online survey conducted in July–August 2017 with youth aged 16–19 years recruited from consumer panels (n = 4086).

Results
Overall, 14.2% of respondents had used an e-cigarette in the past 30 days. JUUL was the second-most popular brand reported by past-30-day e-cigarette users (9.7%). Compared to e-cigarette users of other brands, JUUL users were significantly older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.56 to 4.01) and reported a greater number of computers in the household (a socioeconomic status proxy; aOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.96), with no differences by sex, race/ethnicity, or student status. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, JUUL users were more likely than other e-cigarette users to have ever tried to quit e-cigarettes (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.12 to 6.30), with no differences observed by smoking status, frequency of e-cigarette use, urges to use e-cigarettes, or perceived addiction to e-cigarettes.

Conclusions
JUUL was among the most popular e-cigarette brands among youth, and there were few differences in sociodemographic profile or patterns of use between users of JUUL and other e-cigarette brands.

Implications
This study examined national estimates of JUUL e-cigarette use among youth in the United States, during the early phase of JUUL’s popularity. JUUL was among the most popular e-cigarette brands among youth, and there were few differences in sociodemographic profile or patterns of use between JUUL and other e-cigarette brands. The findings help to characterize the rapid rise of this new product category within the rapidly evolving e-cigarette market at a time when the US Food and Drug Administration and public health community are seeking to understand JUUL and its appeal among young people.
Schizophrenia is Associated With an Aberrant Immune Response to Epstein–Barr Virus
Authors: Dickerson Faith , Jones-Brando Lorraine , Ford Glen , Genovese Giulio , Stallings Cassie , Origoni Andrea , O’Dushlaine Colm , Katsafanas Emily , Sweeney Kevin , Khushalani Sunil , Yolken Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a highly prevalent human herpesvirus capable of infecting the central nervous system and establishing persistent infection.MethodsWe employed solid phase immunoassay techniques to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) class antibodies to EBV virions and defined proteins in 432 individuals with schizophrenia and 311 individuals without a history of a psychiatric disorder. Western blot testing was performed to document reactivity to specific EBV proteins. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia was calculated from genome sequencing arrays. Levels of antibodies between the groups were compared by multivariate analyses incorporating clinical, genetic, and demographic measures.ResultsIndividuals with schizophrenia had marked elevations in the levels of antibodies to EBV virions as compared to the control population. Further analyses indicated increased levels of reactivity to EBV-viral capsid antibody (VCA) but not to EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) or to other human herpesviruses. Western blot analysis confirmed increased reactivity to VCA proteins in the group of individuals with schizophrenia and documented a lack of increased levels of antibodies to EBNA-1. Genetic analyses indicated an additive effect of increased levels of antibodies to EBV virions and genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia, with individuals with elevated levels of both type of markers having a greater than 8.5-fold odds of a schizophrenia diagnosis.ConclusionsIndividuals with schizophrenia have increased levels of antibodies to some but not all EBV proteins indicating an aberrant response to EBV infection. This aberrant response may contribute to the immunopathology of schizophrenia and related disorders.
Predicting Medical School Enrollment Behavior: Comparing an Enrollment Management Model to Expert Human Judgment
Authors: Burkhardt John C. , DesJardins Stephen L. , Teener Carol A. , Gay Steven E. , Santen Sally A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Medical school admissions committees are tasked with fulfilling the values of their institutions through careful recruitment. Making accurate predictions regarding enrollment behavior of admitted students is critical to intentionally formulating class composition and impacts long-term physician representation. The predictive accuracy and potential advantages of employing an enrollment predictive model in medical school admissions compared with expert human judgment have not been tested.

Method
The enrollment management-based predictive model previously generated using historical data was employed to provide a predicted enrollment percentage for each admitted student in the 2016–2017 application pool (N = 352). Concurrently, the human expert created a predicted enrollment percentage for each applicant while blinded to the values generated by the model. An absolute error for each applicant for both approaches was calculated. Statistical significance between approaches (expert vs. enrollment model) was assessed using t tests.

Results
The enrollment management approach was noninferior to expert prediction in all cases (P < .05) with a superior correct classification rate (77.7% vs. 71.2%). When considering subgroup analyses for specific populations of potential importance in recruiting (underrepresented in medicine, female, and in-state applicants), the enrollment management predictions were statistically more accurate (P < .05).

Conclusions
Examining a single admitted class, the enrollment predictions using the enrollment management model were at least as accurate as the expert human estimates, and in specific populations of interest more accurate. This information can be readily exported for a real-time dashboard system to drive recruitment behaviors.
Evaluation of Autologous Blood in Pterygium Surgery With Conjunctival Autograft
Authors: Zeng Weijuan , Dai Hanjun , Luo Hong 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
Autologous blood has been used exploratively with conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery. However, it is controversial whether autologous blood performed better than other fixation methods, including fibrin glue and sutures. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using autologous blood in pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft.

Methods:
The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and Embase databases were systematically searched from their establishment until April 1, 2018. Randomized controlled trials comparing autologous blood with fibrin glue/suture in pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Outcome measurements were recurrence, graft displacement, graft retraction, and surgical duration. Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane Community, Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK) was used to perform the statistical analysis. When I2 < 50%, statistical heterogeneity was considered acceptable, and a fixed-effects model was adopted; alternatively, the random-effects model was used.

Results:
Seven randomized controlled trials including 516 patients were finally included in the meta-analysis. Four studies with 379 patients compared autologous blood and fibrin glue. Autologous blood was inferior to fibrin glue with respect to surgical duration, graft retraction, and graft displacement. However, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in terms of the recurrence rate. Four studies with 152 patients compared autologous blood and traditional suturing. Autologous blood was superior to sutures in terms of surgical duration and inferior to sutures in terms of graft retraction. No difference was detected in terms of graft displacement and recurrence rate.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, autologous blood is an appropriate method for graft fixation in pterygium surgery. Current research suggests that autologous blood derivatives may be a promising approach after pterygium excision. However, this requires further confirmation.
Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Cavernous Venous Malformations of the Orbital Apex
Authors: Ratnayake Gishan S. , McNab Alan A. , Dally Michael J. , Zajarski Catherine , Senthi Sashendra , Ruben Jeremy D. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of cavernous venous malformation of the orbital apex.

Methods:
The authors reviewed a prospective database from a single center of patients with cavernous venous malformation of the orbital apex who had treatment with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. The authors compared the symptoms, visual function and the size of the tumor pre- and posttreatment as well as reviewed the treatment details and the incidence of complications.

Results:
Six patients received treatment with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for cavernous venous malformation involving the orbital apex. The median age was 48 (range, 32–63), and 50% were female. Patients received a dose of 45 to 50.4 Gy in 1.8 to 2 Gy fractions. Median follow up was 33 months (range, 18–66 months). The average tumor volume reduction at posttreatment imaging after 12 months was 63%. All lesions reduced in size postradiotherapy and remained controlled for the duration of follow up. All patients who had proptosis or a visual field defect had an improvement in the symptoms posttreatment. There were no complications of the treatment.

Conclusion:
Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy appears to be a safe and effective management option for cavernous venous malformation of the orbital apex and leads to a sustained reduction of the volume of the lesion with associated improvement in symptoms and visual function.