bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological characteristics of Japanese patients with breast cancer and MET exon 14 skipping alterations
Authors: Onagi Hiroko , Horimoto Yoshiya , Okano Soh , Sasa Keita , Ishizuka Yumiko , Ichida Miyu , Hayashi Takuo , Arakawa Atsushi , Kutomi Goro , Yao Takashi , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2024

AimsIn non‐small cell lung cancer, alterations in mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET) have been recognized as novel therapeutic targets. In particular, the MET exon 14 skipping mutation (METex14s) is a rare oncogenic driver. Targeted therapy with MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors has recently been approved for this mutation. However, c‐MET expression and METex14s frequency and their clinicopathological effects in Japanese patients with breast cancer (BC) remain unknown.MethodsTissue microarray‐based immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to measure c‐MET expression in 930 patients with BC (808 with invasive and 122 with noninvasive BC). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyse METex14s in patients exhibiting c‐MET expression. Clinicopathological characteristics, including patient prognosis based on c‐MET expression and METex14s, were elucidated.ResultsIHC staining revealed c‐MET expression in 91/930 (9.7%) patients. Notably, IHC expression was frequently observed in apocrine carcinomas (11/26 cases). Among the c‐MET IHC‐positive cases, METex14s frequency was 25.9% (14/54 cases) in invasive BC and 54.1% (20/37 cases) in noninvasive BC. Furthermore, 4/11 informative noninvasive and invasive BC cases with apocrine differentiation carried METex14s. The nuclear grade was significantly higher in the METex14s‐positive group among invasive BC with c‐met IHC expression. Furthermore, patients' age and negative rate for PgR IHC was significantly lower in the METex14s‐positive group among noninvasive BC. Regarding the factors associated with patient outcomes, both c‐MET IHC staining and METex14s expression did not affect survival, regardless of the hormone receptor status.ConclusionHigh c‐MET expression and METex14s are common in apocrine carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis: clinicopathological study of 18 cases with emphasis on MET amplification and a review of the literature
Authors: Chen Ya , Chen Yanjun , Sun Qi , Hou Xinghua , Fu Sha , Jin Hongtao , Tao Xuan , Yang Yuanzhong , Wang Jiayu , Cao Yun , An Xin , Zhang Yijun 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundKnowledge regarding adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (ACRT) is extremely limited due to its scarcity.Methods and ResultsThis study enrolled 18 patients with ACRT from multiple institutions. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features were investigated, together with a comprehensive review of 95 previously reported cases. One case was assessed using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The median age of the patient cohort was 54 years (range = 20–69 years), with the majority presenting with a testicular mass (13 of 18); predominantly right‐sided (11 of 18). Six patients died within the second year following diagnosis. The morphology of ACRT spans a wide spectrum, including newly identified mucinous carcinoid‐like features, with mucous cells floating in mucus and signet‐ring cells. Notably, transition from a benign to a malignant rete epithelium was noted in 38.9% of cases (seven of 18). Immunohistochemically, tumour cells most frequently showed strong positivity for CK7 (12 of 16) and CK20 (10 of 17), with occasionally positivity for calretinin (three of 16), WT‐1 (two of 17) and PAX‐8 (two of 15). According to NGS in a single case, MET was amplified, leading to the patient benefiting from mesenchymal–epidermal transition factor (MET) inhibitors. Furthermore, MET amplification was assessed in 13 cases using fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and detected in two cases (15.4%). No significant correlation between MET amplification and mesenchymal–epidermal transition factor (MET) levels was observed in the cases studied.ConclusionsPrimary ACRT is a rare malignant tumour which poses a diagnostic challenge, and is associated with poor prognosis. Cases of ACRT with MET amplification might represent promising candidates for the treatment with MET inhibitors.
Advances of the exposome at individual levels and prevention in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Xian Mo , Maskey Anish R. , Kopulos Daniel , Li Xiu‐Min 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD), or eczema, is an inflammatory skin disease related to environmental factors. As a heterogeneous disease, it presents with complex phenotypes and endotypes. A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors can promote the development of AD. While there has been extensive discussion on environmental exposure at the population and community levels, discourse on exposome at individual levels in AD remains insufficient. For example, allergens, microorganisms, parasites, dietary factors, and psychological factors such as stress and anxiety play important roles in AD development. Microorganisms, in particular, exhibit altered composition and diversity on the skin of AD patients, influencing skin barrier integrity and immune responses. The impact of certain microorganisms, such as fungi and viruses, on AD has garnered increasing attention because of their important role in maintaining skin homeostasis. Dietary factors, including sugar intake and histamine‐rich foods, may modulate AD risk and severity, although findings are controversial. Allergens, particularly house dust mite allergens, and aeroallergens, exacerbate AD symptoms by promoting inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Since AD is often the first step in the atopic march, its primary prevention measures are crucial. Some preventive measures involving microorganisms, diet, and moisturizers remain controversial. Effective preventive strategies necessitate a clear understanding of the complex mechanisms of AD, especially host–microbe–environment interactions. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding various risk and protective factors, as well as primary prevention measures for AD.
Involuntary transnationalism and regulated precarity: Lived experiences of skilled Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore
Authors: Zhan Shaohua , Zhou Min 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransnationalism is often perceived as an agentic practice in migration studies. While acknowledging such agency, we argue that transnationalism also involves forced‐choice decision‐making by migrants whose work and daily lives are subjected to structural constraints beyond individual control. We employ the concept of ‘involuntary transnationalism’ to capture this often‐neglected dimension of transnationalism. Based on analysis of survey data and in‐depth interviews of skilled Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore, we find that skilled foreign migrants face employment insecurity and other vulnerabilities largely due to visa regulations and that they have to turn to transnationalism as a coping strategy to mitigate precarity and temporality.
Critical Points of Risk in Registered Nurses' Use of a National Early Warning Score—Perceptions and Challenges
Authors: Nadaf Claire , Bench Suzanne , Halpin Yvonne , Terry Louise 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore Registered Nurses' experiences and perceptions of using the National Early Warning Score in the U.K. as part of the recognition and management of acute adult patient deterioration.DesignHermeneutic Phenomenological design.MethodsSixteen Registered Nurses from a U.K. NHS hospital were interviewed using an interpretative phenomenological approach (2019–2020).ResultsRegistered Nurses' use of NEWS highlighted 3 risk areas: delegation of vital sign monitoring to unregistered staff leading to uncertainty and delayed escalation, junior nurses' over‐reliance on NEWS and deference to expertise, and senior nurses' self‐management of deteriorating patients. The workplace culture revealed frequent compromises and limited learning opportunities.ConclusionWhen using NEWS, failure to recognise associated risks threatens patient safety. Wrong decisions at the three ‘pinch points’ may lead to missed chances in preventing deterioration. Incorrect judgements may lead to unrecognised patient deterioration or inappropriate management leading to preventable adverse events.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThe way in which NEWS is used by healthcare professionals brings inherent patient safety risks. Addressing education gaps and fostering a supportive culture in nursing, valuing and enhancing nurses' clinical judgement, is crucial for mitigating these risks and ensuring patient safety.ImpactThe study deepens understanding of nurses' use of NEWS and identifies components affecting the recognition of patient deterioration.Reporting MethodAdherence to the EQUATOR guidelines SRQR confirmed.Patient or Public ContributionService user involvement was included within the design of the study and ethical approval.
Wasp Pollination: Mechanisms, Evolution and Ecological Significance in Neglected Pollinator Groups
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWasp‐mediated pollination encompasses diverse mechanisms, presenting a relevant yet underexplored facet of plant–insect interactions. This review synthesises current knowledge on wasp pollination's ecological and evolutionary dynamics. For clarity, I classified wasp pollinators into three categories: (1) generalist pollinators associated with resource‐rich plants, (2) specialised pollinators of resource‐rich plants and (3) specialised pollinators of resource‐less plants (deceptive pollination). The latter category includes sexual and food deception. These pollination types will be described in detail throughout the text. Generalist wasps pollinate flowers with less morphological specialisation, which are also visited by other insect groups. In contrast, certain groups, such as the subfamilies Masarinae and Thynninae, the genus Hemipepsis (Pompilidae) and the family Agaonidae (fig wasps), have specialised in certain taxa or plant guilds. Deceptive pollination strategies, primarily in orchids, exploit wasps through sexual and food mimicry, reflecting intricate evolutionary adaptations. Fig wasps exhibit a long history of co‐diversification with their host plants, presenting a key innovation that combines wind‐mediated and chemotactic pollen dispersal. This review highlights the ecological implications and evolutionary aspects of wasp pollination by examining these diverse mechanisms. It concludes that wasps should not be neglected as pollinators, as they play an important role in the reproduction of many plant species.
Spinal deformity in a whale shark, Rhincodon typus (Smith 1828), encountered in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with notes on its movement patterns
Authors: Hoffmayer Eric R. , Driggers William B. , Falterman Brett J. , Franks James S. , Hendon Jill M. , McKinney Jennifer A. , Shelley John P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis note details the first formal report of a spinal deformation in whale sharks, Rhincodon typus. An individual whale shark with suspected kypholordoscoliosis was observed at Ewing Bank in the Gulf of Mexico during aggregation events in 2010 and 2013. Despite the significant deformity, the shark was observed feeding on fish eggs at the surface during both encounters. Based on satellite tag tracking, its movements, temperature preferences, and depth use were within the range of other whale sharks from the region.
Comparative analysis of smartphone colorimeter apps and spectrophotometry for measuring forehead skin color in maxillofacial prosthesis fabrication
Authors: Niakan Somayeh , Safi Mahdi , Younespour Shima , Khoshtarkib Shayan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of two smartphone colorimeter apps, Color Grab, and Color Picker, in measuring forehead skin color and to compare their readings with those from a spectrophotometer.Materials and MethodsFifty participants (26 males, 24 females; median age 23 years, range 21–45) were included. Using a smartphone camera, images of forehead skin were captured, and CIELAB color values were reported by both apps. Measurements from a reference spectrophotometer (MiniScan EZ 4500L, 45°/0° geometry) served as the gold standard. Trueness and precision were assessed using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. Statistical analyses included one‐way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney tests, with significance at p < 0.05.ResultsBoth apps showed comparable accuracy in capturing skin color, with absolute trueness (ΔEAbs) for Color Grab at 7.59 (CIEDE2000) and Color Picker at 7.65. Relative trueness (ΔERel) was 3.79 for Color Grab and 3.70 for Color Picker. Precision (MCDM) demonstrated significant differences between the apps: Color Grab at 1.34 (CIEDE2000) compared to Color Picker at 0.96 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWhile smartphone apps may not match the accuracy of spectrophotometers, they offer valuable alternatives for color matching in maxillofacial prostheses. Future studies should focus on minimizing systematic errors related to environmental factors and camera settings to enhance measurement accuracy.
Sports and nationalism: When imagined communities become national
Authors: Jumle Vihang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCan expressing nationalism be conditional? Literature on sports and nationalism suggests that people experience nationhood when they involve themselves as spectators during international sporting events. Therefore, expressing a nationalistic feeling under such circumstances appears logical. However, the question of what kind of nationhood is experienced and how it can be facilitated or impeded by social media affordances needs to be explored. This study attempts to answer these questions by analysing the tweets made during India's matches during the International Cricket Cup 2019. It locates the study of nationalism at the core of where it operates today: in popular social media‐based discourse. This discursive approach towards nationalism (see Fox and Miller‐Idriss (2008)) of imagined sporting communities suggests that mere international competitiveness is insufficient grounds for nationalistic expression to emerge as a dominant discursive theme. Instead, nationalistic expressions are activated when two competing nations share an existing rivalry and it forms part of its popular culture. Nationalism during sports, therefore, is proposed as a conditional phenomenon. Moreover, the idea of the expressed nation and who comes to belong to it remains malleable and fluid to elevate the embodied gaming experience.
Variation of Bruch's membrane opening in response to intraocular pressure change during scleral lens wear, in a population with keratoconus
Authors: Michaud Langis , Balourdet Steven , Samaha Dan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe present study aimed to determine the potential impact of scleral lenses on intraocular pressure (IOP) by analysing the Bruch's membrane opening–minimum rim width (BMO‐MRW) while the lenses are worn, in a population with keratoconus.MethodsParticipants were required to have keratoconus and be successfully fitted with scleral lenses for at least 3 months. A new pair of optimised scleral lenses was provided before the study. During the first session, corneal biomechanics was assessed using an air tonometer, coupling Scheimpflug technology. Then, a scan of the optic nerve was carried out using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 2 h intervals for 6 h. Particular attention was paid to identifying the BMO‐MRW, which represents the smallest distance between the BMO and the internal limiting membrane. These tests were repeated, respecting the time at which the initial measurements were taken, while the scleral lens was worn. Results from only one eye were analysed.ResultsA statistically significant change of 10.5 ± 3.6 μm (95% CI [241.3–473.1]; p = 0.02) in BMO‐MRW was observed after 6 h of scleral lens wear, compared to measurements without lenses (4.8 ± 3.4 μm; 95% CI [285.1–439.7]; p = 0.18). The fluctuation was greater in participants with keratoconus than found in a previous study of regular corneas.ConclusionBMO‐MRW became significantly thinner after 6 h of scleral lens wear compared with measurements without lenses. These variations may be associated with a rise in IOP during lens wear. Close monitoring for optic head changes should be carried out for patients at risk. These results should be compared with future longer‐term studies including a larger cohort of patients.
Empathetic solicitude attenuates the affective and sensory dimensions of CO2‐induced dyspnea: A randomized parallel arm experimental trial in healthy humans
Authors: Nion Nathalie , Niérat Marie‐Cécile , Lavault Sophie , Simon‐Tillaux Noémie , Guerder Antoine , Blanchard Pierre‐Yves , Morélot‐Panzini Capucine , Serresse Laure , Similowski Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDyspnea testifies to profound suffering in patients and its relief is a priority for caregivers. This can be achieved by correcting causative disorders (“etiopathogenic” approach) or targeting the dyspnea itself (“symptomatic” approach), as is done for pain. Empathetic solicitude from caregivers has an intrinsic analgesic effect, but its effects on dyspnea have not been formally documented. This study tests the hypothesis that the empathetic solicitude behavior of a caregiver during experimental induction of acute and intense dyspnea would have a mitigating effect. In a double‐blind, randomized, controlled experimental trial, 80 healthy participants were assigned to a neutral behavior arm or a solicitude behavior arm. During two successive visits (V1 and V2), dyspnea was induced through CO2‐rebreathing and (i) assessed in an immediate manner using 10 cm affective and sensory visual analog scales (A‐VAS and S‐VAS) and (ii) post hoc using the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). A‐VAS ratings at the end of the dyspnea challenge were significantly lower at V2 in the “solicitude behavior” arm than in the “neutral behavior” arm (6.69 [3.825–9.67] vs. 8.05 [6.43–10], p = 0.039). There were no significant differences between arms regarding S‐VAS. MDP analysis showed that CO2‐rebreathing induced dyspnea of the air hunger type, with statistically significant reductions in its intensity and both the sensory and affective dimensions of dyspnea. This study shows that empathetic solicitude can reduce the affective and sensory dimensions of experimentally induced dyspnea in healthy volunteers. Future studies should evaluate the impact of empathetic solicitude on clinical dyspnea.
New Estimate on the Spatial Distribution of the Youngest Toba Tuff Ash
Authors: Prakash Kannan J. , Sajinkumar K. S. , Deering C. D. , Oommen Thomas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHere, we introduce a new estimate on the areal extent and volume of globally dispersed Youngest Toba Tuff ash by considering the decay of grain size and primary ash thickness (PAT). The areal extent of ash dispersal is modelled by interpolating the farthest sites in four directions. For this modelling, it is assumed that (i) PAT at the farthest newly identified site is equal to the maximum size of grains retrieved and (ii) the ash particles blanket the earth up to the farthest sites in a non‐discrete manner. The volume of ash‐fall is calculated using two approaches: (i) the Voronoi tessellation and (ii) a GIS‐aided mathematical calculation. When the Voronoi tessellation estimated a maximum and minimum volume of ash as 2089 and 1276 km3, the GIS‐aided mathematical calculation yielded 1573 and 1312 km3 of dense‐rock equivalent, respectively. Thus, the GIS method provided a more narrower range than the Voronoi method.
On the Witt group of the punctured spectrum of a regular semilocal ring
Authors: Gille Stefan , Panin Ivan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLet be a regular semilocal ring of dimension which contains , the number of maximal ideals of which are assumed to be all of the same height, and the punctured spectrum of , that is, without the maximal ideals. We show that the Witt ring of has non‐trivial generators as ‐algebra, which satisfy for all . If is integral, then these generators become trivial over the fraction field of . In particular, the natural morphism is not injective.
Fully Foldable Mechanical Metamaterials With Isotropic Auxeticity and Its Generated Multi-Mode Folding Form
Authors: Li Lin , Yang Feiyu , Yang Fufu , Lin Rongfu , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Auxetic materials, a type of mechanical metamaterial with negative Poisson's ratio, are potentially utilized in the realms of energy absorption and engineering structures. However, most of the existing auxetic materials either contain a large amount of rotational motion or still have gaps when fully folded, which is not conducive to lifting loads. Besides, their application is limited to flexible environments due to their single-folding mode. To overcome such limitations, a fully foldable mechanical metamaterial with isotropic auxeticity is proposed by utilizing the Sarrus mechanism, and a derivative multi-mode folding form is obtained in this paper. Then, the degrees-of-freedom (DOF), bistability, and kinematic characterizations are analyzed to show the performance of the proposed structures. Finally, the parameters of the proposed fully foldable mechanical metamaterials are discussed to simplify the structures. Some prototypes are fabricated to validate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed mechanical metamaterials. The proposed mechanical metamaterials have some merits, such as isotropic auxeticity, being fully folded to achieve dense compression, being bistable with load-bearing capacity, multi-mode folding form, and single-DOF, and they have versatile potential applications in complex environments requiring large deformation and flexible adaptation.
Electrical Contact With Dielectric Breakdown of Interfacial Gap
Authors: Xu Yang , Wu Yue , Jackson Robert L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Electrical contact is fundamental to almost every aspect of modern industry, including the fast-growing electric vehicle industry. In metallic contacts in atmospheric conditions, most of the electrical current passes via the microjunctions formed between two electrodes. The classic electrical contact theory predicts an infinite current density at the circular contact periphery. In the present work, we explore the influence of the dielectric breakdown of air outside the contact area on the electrical contact interface. Incorporating the discharging boundary condition governed by the modified Paschen law, we develop the numerical model as well as two sets of closed-form solutions for low applied voltage cases where two electrodes are in solid–solid contact and complete separation, respectively. For the Hertzian contact, the present work theoretically proves that the ignorance of discharge can lead to a singular current density at the contact periphery and an overestimation of the electrical contact resistance. The current density monotonically increases along the radial direction to a finite value at the contact area periphery and is followed by a monotonic drop within the discharge zone. The present study serves as a foundation for the modeling of discharging rough surface electrical contact and sheds light on the machine element surface damages caused by the electrical discharge machining.