bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of a Rapid Intravenous Injection of Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression
Authors: Vidal Sonia , Gex-Fabry Marianne , Bancila Victor , Michalopoulos Giorgio , Warrot Delphine , Jermann Françoise , Dayer Alexandre , Sterpenich Virginie , Schwartz Sophie , Vutskits Laszlo , Khan Nawaz , Aubry Jean-Michel , Kosel Markus 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Ketamine has been documented for its rapid antidepressant effects. However, optimal dose and delivery route have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The objectives of this study were to document the safety and test the antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of a single rapid 1-minute injection of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods
Ten patients with TRD were included in an open, noncontrolled 4-week study and received a rapid intravenous dose of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg. Main outcome measure was the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and suicidality was assessed using the Scale for Suicide Ideation.

Results
Rapid injection of ketamine elicited transient increase of blood pressure and altered states of consciousness in all patients and mild psychotomimetic effects in 4 patients, which all resolved without any intervention. Decrease of depression severity was observed from 40-minute postinjection until day 15. Eight patients became responders within 1 day and all were nonresponders after 4 weeks. The decrease of suicidal ideation was significant until day 7. Analysis indicated that higher severity of depression and anxiety at baseline predicted a larger Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale decrease after 4 weeks.

Conclusions
This study suggests that in well-controlled medical settings with adequate monitoring, a single rapid 1-minute injection of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg can be well tolerated and is efficacious in rapidly reducing depression symptoms and suicidal thoughts in outpatients with TRD. These findings are relevant to the practice of general clinical psychiatry and emergency departments were ketamine can have a place in acute management of TRD. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these results.
“I Have Both Lost and Gained.” Norwegian Survivors’ Experiences of Coping 9 Years After Primary Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Drageset Sigrunn , Lindstrøm Torill Christine , Ellingsen Sidsel 
Published: October 2018

Background
Increased breast cancer survival means that many women live with long-term consequences of their cancer and treatment. Knowledge about their coping is important.

Objective
This qualitative follow-up study describes survivors’ coping experiences 9 years after primary breast cancer surgery.

Methods
Seventeen of the 21 women interviewed 9 years earlier were invited to participate. Fifteen agreed and were interviewed individually between January and June 2015. Qualitative meaning condensation analysis was used.

Results
Three themes emerged: (1) Changed life: some felt healthy and beyond cancer; others suffered from reduced energy, joy of life, and self-esteem. Being affected by a life-threatening illness made their fundamental values clearer. Using cancer experiences to help others was emphasized. (2) Positive thinking, distancing the negative: striving to maintain positive thinking and distancing themselves from insecurity and fear of recurrence. A step-by-step strategy was important to cope with their new life situation. (3) Need for understanding and recognition: support was experienced as necessary and challenging. Recognition of posttreatment ailments was emphasized. Being more socially selective and preferring positive people were essential.

Conclusions
Cancer experiences changed the women’s lives. Their coping varied. Fewer but selected supporters were preferred. Understanding and recognition from others for the women’s changed life situation was essential.

Implications for Practice
Healthcare professionals should prepare women for a changed life situation because of illness experiences and the adverse effects of treatments. The support and information offered must be adjusted to each woman’s individual needs, coping capacity, and life situation. Further clinical intervention studies are needed.
Suicide by Detonation of Intraoral Firecracker
Authors: Hlavaty Leigh , Kasper William , Sung LokMan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCelebratory use of fireworks has been an integral part of human civilization for over millennia. While the majority of firework use is festive, their explosive nature can result in traumatic injuries and death. The authors present the death of a 21-year-old man found unresponsive on the floor of his parent's garage with extensive damage to his head after an explosion was heard. Firearms could not be found, but there were unexploded homemade and commercially produced firecrackers and components for the manufacture of additional firecrackers. The radial expansion of the blast wave formed by the intraoral explosion of a firecracker created injuries matching those of an intraoral shotgun wound.
An Unusual Foreign Object Attached to a Child's Finger
Authors: Kwan Stephanie , Shearin Jonathan W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Strangulation injuries due to foreign objects are uncommon presentations of hand and finger injuries presenting to the emergency department (ED). Ring avulsion and hair tourniquet injuries are more commonly recognized mechanisms of strangulation, and algorithms for subsequent management and emergent treatment exist for these injuries. It is important to distinguish between hand injuries that can be managed in the setting of the ED and those that need emergent surgical management upon patient presentation. Nonemergent presentations of finger injuries include metallic bands or other objects trapped on digits without signs of neurovascular compromise. A 2-year-old girl presented to our ED with her right index finger trapped within a stainless steel salt shaker (2.55 in. H × 3.5 in. W × 4.9 in. D). The distal aspect of the digit was unable to be visualized, and communication with the patient was difficult secondary to distress and young age. Multiple attempts were made to remove the object in the ED by multiple health care providers, when concern for degloving injury prompted the patient to be taken to the operating room for removal with an electric saw by the hand surgeon and orthopedic team.
Bent Out of Shape
Authors: Chaganti Praneetha , Chao Jennifer H. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Spontaneous colon perforation is a known complication of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) in the pediatric age group. The diagnosis of vEDS is often missed until the child presents to the pediatric emergency room with a complication like spontaneous arterial or colon rupture. These patients require immediate imaging and surgical attention to decrease morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a 9-year-old boy with abdominal pain and retching. An abdominal computed tomography revealed free air under the diaphragm, and surgical exploration showed perforation of the sigmoid colon. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with vEDS. We review the literature and discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and life-threatening crises associated with vEDS.
Fertilizing riparian forests: nutrient repletion across ecotones with trophic rewilding
Authors: Bump Joseph K. 
Published: October 2018

Trophic rewilding maintains that large mammals are functionally important to resource subsidies and nutrient repletion, yet this prediction is understudied. Here, I report on the potential magnitude and variability of nitrogen that moose populations move from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. My aim is to provide justified approximations of the role of moose in the flux of a limiting nutrient across ecotones and to illustrate how this role is linked to wolf predation and climate warming. Using Isle Royale and northeastern Minnesota, USA as contrasting focal systems, I found that the long-term annual N gain for riparian forests likely ranges from 1 to 10 kg N ha–1yr–1, depending on the heterogeneity of moose movements. For these systems, this range is equivalent to approximately 4–30% of net annual N mineralization, approximately 62–625% of annual N runoff, approximately 28–333% of annual atmospheric N deposition and approximately 31–312% of the N sequestered by trees. The N flux approximation is most sensitive to moose population levels and, as such, is influenced by wolves, climate warming and disease. The potential for other terrestrial ungulates that feed on aquatic plants to provide significant nutrient repletion across ecotones is unknown but important to examine in the context of trophic rewilding. The extent to which predators influence ungulate abundance indirectly impacts this nutrient repletion.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change’.
Using species distribution modelling to determine opportunities for trophic rewilding under future scenarios of climate change
Authors: Jarvie Scott , Svenning Jens-Christian 
Published: October 2018

Trophic rewilding, the (re)introduction of species to promote self-regulating biodiverse ecosystems, is a future-oriented approach to ecological restoration. In the twenty-first century and beyond, human-mediated climate change looms as a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem function. A critical aspect in planning trophic rewilding projects is the selection of suitable sites that match the needs of the focal species under both current and future climates. Species distribution models (SDMs) are currently the main tools to derive spatially explicit predictions of environmental suitability for species, but the extent of their adoption for trophic rewilding projects has been limited. Here, we provide an overview of applications of SDMs to trophic rewilding projects, outline methodological choices and issues, and provide a synthesis and outlook. We then predict the potential distribution of 17 large-bodied taxa proposed as trophic rewilding candidates and which represent different continents and habitats. We identified widespread climatic suitability for these species in the discussed (re)introduction regions under current climates. Climatic conditions generally remain suitable in the future, although some species will experience reduced suitability in parts of these regions. We conclude that climate change is not a major barrier to trophic rewilding as currently discussed in the literature.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change’.
Loss of ZnT8 function protects against diabetes by enhanced insulin secretion
Authors: Dwivedi Om Prakash , Lehtovirta Mikko , Hastoy Benoit , Chandra Vikash , Kleiner Sandra , Jain Deepak , Richard Ann-Marie , Beer Nicola L. , Krentz Nicole A. J. , Prasad Rashmi B. , Hansson Ola , Ahlqvist Emma , Krus Ulrika , Artner Isabella , Gomez Daniel , Baras Aris , Abaitua Fernando , Champon Benoite , Payne Anthony J , Moralli Daniela , Thomsen Soren K. , Kramer Philipp , Spiliotis Ioannis , Ramracheya Reshma , Chabosseau Pauline , Theodoulou Andria , Cheung Rebecca , van de Bunt Martijn , Flannick Jason , Trombetta Maddalena , Bonora Enzo , Wolheim Claes B. , Sarelin Leena , Bonadonna Riccardo C. , Rorsman Patrik , Rutter Guy A , Davies Benjamin , Brosnan Julia , McCarthy Mark I. , Otonkoski Timo , Lagerstedt Jens O. , Gromada Jesper , Gloyn Anna L. , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Groop Leif 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA rare loss-of-function variant p.Arg138* in SLC30A8 encoding the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) enriched in Western Finland protects against type 2 diabetes (T2D). We recruited relatives of the identified carriers and showed that protection was associated with better insulin secretion due to enhanced glucose responsiveness and proinsulin conversion, especially compared with individuals matched for the genotype of a common T2D risk variant in SLC30A8, p.Arg325. In genome-edited human IPS-derived β-like cells, we establish that the p.Arg138* variant results in reduced SLC30A8 expression due to haploinsufficiency. In human β-cells loss of SLC30A8 leads to increased glucose responsiveness and reduced KATP channel function, which was also seen in isolated islets from carriers of the T2D-protective allele p.Trp325. These data position ZnT8 as an appealing target for treatment aiming at maintaining insulin secretion capacity in T2D.
Sampling for disease absence—deriving informed monitoring from epidemic traits
Authors: Bourhis Yoann , Gottwald Timothy R. , Lopez-Ruiz Francisco J. , Patarapuwadol Sujin , van den Bosch Frank 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMonitoring for disease requires subsets of the host population to be sampled and tested for the pathogen. If all the samples return healthy, what are the chances the disease was present but missed? In this paper, we developed a statistical approach to solve this problem considering the fundamental property of infectious diseases: their growing incidence in the host population. The model gives an estimate of the incidence probability density as a function of the sampling effort, and can be reversed to derive adequate monitoring patterns ensuring a given maximum incidence in the population. We then present an approximation of this model, providing a simple rule of thumb for practitioners. The approximation is shown to be accurate for a sample size larger than 20, and we demonstrate its use by applying it to three plant pathogens: citrus canker, bacterial blight and grey mould.
Evolution of hominin detoxification: Neanderthal and modern human AHR respond similarly to TCDD
Authors: Aarts Jac M.M.J.G. , Alink Gerrit M. , Franssen Henk J. , Roebroeks Wil 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn studies of hominin adaptations to fire use, the role of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the evolution of hominin detoxification, especially regarding toxic smoke components, has been highlighted, including statements that the modern human AHR is significantly better at dealing with smoke toxins. We compared the AHR-controlled induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in cultured cells transfected with an Altai-Neanderthal respectively a modern human reference AHR expression construct, and exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We compared the complete AHR mRNA sequences including the untranslated regions (UTRs), maintaining the original codon usage, in HeLa human cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma cells. Our experiments complement a previous study of the AHR coding region optimized for mammalian codon usage and expressed in rat cells. Our results show no significant difference in CYP1A1 induction by TCDD between Neanderthal and modern human AHR (instead of a previously reported 150-1000 times difference range before), demonstrating that expression in a homologous cellular background is of major importance. The two dose-response curves almost coincide, except for a higher extrapolated maximum induction level for the Neanderthal AHR, possibly caused by a 5’-UTR G-variant known from modern humans (rs7796976). Our results are strongly at odds with a major role of the modern human AHR in the evolution of hominin detoxification of smoke components and consistent with our previous study which concluded that efficient detoxification alleles are more dominant in ancient hominins than in modern humans based on 18 relevant genes in addition to AHR.
Associations between environmental breast cancer risk factors and DNA methylation-based risk-predicting measures
Authors: Chen Minyuan , Wong Ee Ming , Nguyen Tuong L , Dite Gillian S , Stone Jennifer , Giles Graham G , Southey Melissa C , Hopper John L , Li Shuai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundGenome-wide average DNA methylation (GWAM) and epigenetic age acceleration have been suggested to predict breast cancer risk. We aimed to investigate the relationships between these putative risk-predicting measures and environmental breast cancer risk factors.MethodsUsing the Illumina HumanMethylation450K assay methylation data, we calculated GWAM and epigenetic age acceleration for 132 female twin pairs and their 215 sisters. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between these risk-predicting measures and multiple breast cancer risk factors. Within-pair analysis was performed for the 132 twin pairs.ResultsGWAM was negatively associated with number of live births, and positively with age at first live birth (both P<0.05). Epigenetic age acceleration was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol drinking and age at menarche, and negatively with age at first live birth (all P<0.05), and the associations with BMI, alcohol drinking and age at first live birth remained in the within-pair analysis.ConclusionsThis exploratory study shows that lifestyle and hormone-related breast cancer risk factors are associated with DNA methylation-based measures that could predict breast cancer risk. The associations of epigenetic age acceleration with BMI, alcohol drinking and age at first live birth are unlikely to be due to familial confounding.
A comprehensive framework to capture the arcana of neuroimaging analysis
Authors: Close Thomas G. , Ward Phillip G. D. , Sforazzini Francesco , Goscinski Wojtek , Chen Zhaolin , Egan Gary F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMastering the “arcana of neuroimaging analysis”, the obscure knowledge required to apply an appropriate combination of software tools and parameters to analyse a given neuroimaging dataset, is a time consuming process. Therefore, it is not typically feasible to invest the additional effort required generalise workflow implementations to accommodate for the various acquisition parameters, data storage conventions and computing environments in use at different research sites, limiting the reusability of published workflows.We present a novel software framework, Abstraction of Repository-Centric ANAlysis (Arcana), which enables the development of complex, “end-to-end” workflows that are adaptable to new analyses and portable to a wide range of computing infrastructures. Analysis templates for specific image types (e.g. MRI contrast) are implemented as Python classes, which define a range of potential derivatives and analysis methods. Arcana retrieves data from imaging repositories, which can be BIDS datasets, XNAT instances or plain directories, and stores selected derivatives and associated provenance back into a repository for reuse by subsequent analyses. Workflows are constructed using Nipype and can be executed on local workstations or in high performance computing environments. Generic analysis methods can be consolidated within common base classes to facilitate code-reuse and collaborative development, which can be specialised for study-specific requirements via class inheritance. Arcana provides a framework in which to develop unified neuroimaging workflows that can be reused across a wide range of research studies and sites.
Tissue morphogenesis mediated by the Arabidopsis receptor kinase STRUBBELIG involves a clathrin-dependent process
Authors: Gao Jin , Chaudhary Ajeet , Vaddepalli Prasad , Nagel Marie-Kristin , Isono Erika , Schneitz Kay 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHighlightThe Arabidopsis receptor kinase STRUBBELIG is internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and affects clathrin-dependent processes in a tissue-dependent manner.AbstractSignaling mediated by cell surface receptor kinases is central to the coordination of growth patterns during organogenesis. Receptor kinase signaling is in part controlled through endocytosis and subcellular distribution of the respective receptor kinase. For the majority of plant cell surface receptors the underlying trafficking mechanisms are not characterized. In Arabidopsis, tissue morphogenesis relies on the atypical receptor kinase STRUBBELIG (SUB). Here, we approach the endocytic mechanism of SUB. Our data reveal that a functional SUB:EGFP fusion is ubiquitinated in vivo. We further show that plasma membrane-bound SUB:EGFP becomes internalized in a clathrin-dependent fashion. We also find that SUB:EGFP associates with thetrans-Golgi network and accumulates in multivesicular bodies and the vacuole. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments reveal that SUB:EGFP and clathrin are present within the same protein complex. Our genetic analysis shows thatSUBandCLATHRIN HEAVY CHAIN 2promote root hair patterning. By contrast,SUBbehaves as a negative regulator of a clathrin-dependent process during floral development. Taken together, the data indicate that SUB undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis, that this process does not dependent on stimulation of SUB signaling by an exogenous agent, and thatSUBgenetically interacts with clathrin-dependent pathways in a tissue-specific manner.
Candidate Phyla Radiation Roizmanbacteria from hot springs have novel, unexpectedly abundant, and potentially alternatively functioning CRISPR-Cas systems
Authors: Chen Lin-Xing , Al-Shayeb Basem , Meheust Raphael , Li Wen-Jun , Doudna Jennifer A. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) comprises a huge group of bacteria that have small genomes that rarely encode CRISPR-Cas systems for phage defense. Consequently, questions remain about their mechanisms of phage resistance and the nature of phage that infect them. The compact CRISPR-CasY system (Cas12d) with potential value in genome editing was first discovered in these organisms. Relatively few CasY sequences have been reported to date, and little is known about the function and activity of these systems in the natural environment. Here, we conducted a genome-resolved metagenomic investigation of hot spring microbiomes and recovered CRISPR systems mostly from Roizmanbacteria that involve CasY proteins that are divergent from published sequences. Within population diversity in the spacer set indicates current in situ diversification of most of the loci. In addition to CasY, some Roizmanbacteria genomes also encode large type I-B and/or III-A systems that, based on spacer targeting, are used in phage defense. CRISPR targeting identified three phage represented by complete genomes and a prophage, which are the first reported for bacteria of the Microgenomates superphylum. Interestingly, one phage encodes a Cas4-like protein, a scenario that has been suggested to drive acquisition of self-targeting spacers. Consistent with this, the Roizmanbacteria population that it infects has a CRISPR locus that includes self-targeting spacers and a fragmented CasY gene (fCasY). Despite gene fragmentation, the PAM sequence is the same as that of other CasY reported in this study. Fragmentation of CasY may avoid the lethality of self-targeting spacers. However, the spacers may still have some biological role, possibly in genome regulation. The findings expand our understanding of CasY diversity, and more broadly, CRISPR-Cas systems and phage of CPR bacteria.