bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN ATS (AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH) SATU PHASA MENGGUNAKAN KONTROL BERBASIS RELAY DAN TIME DELAY RELAY (TDR)
Authors: Rizaldi Riki , Djufri S Umar 
Published: December 2018

Pemadaman listrik dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya kontiunitas pelayanan terutama pada aktivitas pelayan pada sektor perdagangan, perhotelan, rumahsakit, maupun industri. Dewasa ini penyaluran energi listrik PLN sering terjadi kegagalan dalam pendistribusian dikarenakan faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kontiniunitas akan energi listrik maka diperlukan sumber energi listrik lain sehingga jika terjadi pemadaman listrik dari PLN kebutuhan konsumen akan energi listrik tidak terganggu. Sumber-sumber energi listrik ini bersifat sementara untuk melayani beban listrik dalam pemanfaatan energi listrik PLN menjadi sumber energi utama. ATS (Automatic Transfer switch), adalah alat yang berfungsi untuk memindahkan koneksi antara sumber tegangan listrik satu dengan sumber tegangan listrik lainnya secara automatis. Atau bisa juga disebut Automatic COS (Change Over Switch), pada penelitian ini akan dirancang sebuah ATS satu phasa dengan mereduksi jumlah Kontaktor untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih ekonomis dan mudah dalam perawatannya. ATS dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rangkaian kontrol berbasis relay dan Time Delay Relay (TDR). Dari hasil pengujian, alat ini dapat bekerja dengan baik pada proses switching secara manual maupun secara otomatis. Pada saat PLN terjadi pemadaman, terdapat penundaan waktuselama ± 6 detik sebelum genset melakukan starting. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menjaga komponen-komponen agar tidak rusak jika kadang kala PLN terjadi pemadaman sesaat.
Evaluation The Efficiency And Effectiveness of The Iraq stock Exchange -An Empirical Study From July 2004 to March 2008–
Authors: عواد موسى خلف , عبد العلي علي جيران 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to provide an overall assessment to the efficiency of the Iraq stocks exchanges (ISE) through specifying well –known models .First, Fama's efficient market hypothesis as a contrary concept to the random walk hypothesis, was performed and it has been found that ISE follows the random process, so the price of the shares can't be predicated on the basis of past information. Second,we use a multifactor model, which so named multiple regression, to explore the link between ISE and the main economic indicators. our empirical analysis finds that every weak associations exists between major ISE measures and main economic indicators.
أهمية تحسين الغابات في العراق وأثرها على العامل الاقتصادي والاجتماعي مستقبلاً
Authors: عبد القادر مؤيد صالح 
Published: December 2018

عانت الغابات في العراق قصوراً واضحاً في مجال إشباع حاجة السكان لمنتجاتها الرئيسية المتمثلة بالأخشاب ومنتجاتها الثانوية المتمثلة بالأغصان والأوراق والنباتات الطبيعية والحيوانات البرية ونواتجها الأخرى، مما يتطلب التفكير بمحاولة إيجاد سبل جديدة لحل هذه المشكلة الاقتصادية المرتبطة بعنصريها الحاجة للأخشاب والأموال المخصصة لتطويرها عموماً.
لقد دمرت مساحات كبيرة من الغابات وحرقت وقطعت من قبل السكان بل ساهمت الدولة في تخريبها تنفيذاً لمقتضيات حربي الخليج الأولى (1980) والثانية (1990)(*)، ومساهمات الرعاة في القطع الغير منظم مما أدت إلى فقدان الأشجار القائمة الطبيعية والاصطناعية في مواقع تشجيرها مما أثر على الإنتاج. وأضاف تخريب نظام الري هو الآخر تأثيره على إعادة إنشاء الغابات الاصطناعية في المحافظات الجنوبية والوسطى والغابات الطبيعية في شمال العراق.
لقد أصبح العراق منذ عام 1980 وما بعدها من أكثر مناطق العالم النامي استهلاكاً للخشب مما اضطر الدولة إلى أن تلجأ إلى زيادة الاستيراد السنوي من الأخشاب وعجينة الورق والخشب المضغوط والفحم مما جعلها تفوق أية منطقة مماثلة لها.
Penerapan Atraumatic Care dengan Medical Play terhadap Respon Kecemasan Anak Usia Prasekolah yang mengalami Hospitalisasi di Ruang Rawat Inap Anak
Authors: Shitah Nurma , Purnama Agus 
Published: December 2018

Atraumatic care merupakan bentuk perawatan terapeutik yang diberikan oleh tenaga kesehatan dalam tatanan pelayanan kesehatan anak melalui penggunaan tindakan yang dapat mengurangi distres fisik maupun distres psikologis yang dialami anak maupun orang tua. Medical play merupakan salah satu terapi bermain yang dapat diberikan pada anak dengan diberi kesempatan untuk bermain dan mengekplorasi peralatan medis seperti stetoskop, penlight, termometer, dan lain-lainnya terhadap tindakan yang mereka alami selama dirumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan atraumatic care dengan medical play terhadap respon kecemasan anak usia prasekolah yang mengalami hospitalisasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan Pre-experimental design dengan pendekatan desain pre and posttest without control. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua pasien anak dengan hospitalisasi di ruang rawat anak RSU Adhyaksa. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 26 responden dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Skala ZSAS (Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale) Hasil data didapatkan mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki (53,8%), mayoritas tidak memiliki pengalaman dirawat sebelumnya sebanyak 24 responden (92,3%), rata-rata skor cemas anak sebelum intervensi 50,346, rata-rata skor cemas anak setelah intervensi adalah 47,3846. Hasil uji dengan paired sample t-test didapatkan nilai p-value = <0,05 pada skor ZSAS yang berarti pada alpha 5% terlihat ada perbedaan yang bermakna sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan Medical play. Maka dari Hasil Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa efektif penerapan atraumatic care dengan medical play terhadap respon kecemasan anak usia prasekolah yang mengalami hospitalisasi
Penyembuhan Ulkus Diabetik dengan Aplikasi Antimikrobial Wound Dressing Silver (Acticoat™)
Authors: Indrayati Nila , Koto Yeni , Mulyadi Budhi 
Published: December 2018

Penanganan ulkus diabetik, membutuhkan advanced wound management berupa antimikrobial dressing, karena luka yang tidak kunjung sembuh, salah satu penyebabnya karena kumpulan berbagai jenis bakteri dan disertai biofilm. Balutan Silver (Acticoat ™) merupakan salah satu produk antimikrobial.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas balutan silver terhadap penyembuhan ulkus diabetik. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain quasi-eksperiment, metode kelompok kontrol pre-test-post-test. Menggunakan instrumen luka yang sudah baku, yaitu Status Kontinum Bates Jensen Wound Assessment Tools (BWAT). Jumlah populasi sebanyak 54 pasien dan pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling didapatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 15 responden. Hasil univariat didapatkan bahwa pada kelompok kontrol yang menggunakan Cutimed Sorbact® , jenis kelamin dan usia responden terbanyak adalah wanita sebanyak 71,43% dan usia 61 – 70 tahun sebanyak 50,00%.Pada kelompok eksperimen yang menggunakan Acticoat ™, jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah wanita sebanyak 62,50% dan usia 61- 70 tahun sebanyak 57,14 %. Hasil uji independent T-test yang membandingkan pre dan post didapatkan nilai p-value 0,011 dengan tingkat signifikansi < 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara hidrophobic (Cutimed Sorbact®) dan silver (Acticoat ™) . Penggunakan Silver (Acticoat ™) memiliki respon yang lebih baik, dibuktikan oleh tingkat kesembuhan yang tinggi dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk penyembuhan lebih cepat dari yang diharapkan
Consumidor de pinhão: hábitos, atributos de importância e percepção
Authors: Godoy Rossana Catie Bueno de , Deliza Rosires , Negre Maria De Fátima de Oliveira , Santos Greice Godoy dos 
Published: December 2018

A semente de Araucaria angustifolia, conhecida como pinhão, é um alimento típico da região Sul do Brasil, com identidade histórica e cultural. Além de ser responsável pela renda de pequenos produtores, é um alimento com grande potencial nutricional, energético, pois contém amido resistente e compostos bioativos. A valorização do pinhão pode colaborar para a conservação da araucária, reduzindo o desmatamento. Para atingir esse objetivo, é importante conhecer o perfil do consumidor de pinhão, seus hábitos e preferências. Foi realizado um estudo com 183 consumidores em feiras, supermercados, sacolões e vendedores ambulantes, na região de Curitiba, PR, durante a época do ano com produção de pinhão. Utilizou-se um questionário sobre dados sócio demográficos, frequência de consumo, atributos de importância e percepção quanto ao valor nutricional. O produto é comprado a granel por mulheres em supermercados e feiras. Em geral, selecionam as sementes de maior tamanho, mais volumosas, brilhantes e com tonalidade tendendo ao amarelo (mais clara). O consumo é semanal, de preferência à tarde e à noite, servido quente. O pinhão é percebido como um alimento natural, é benéfico à saúde, que não é caro, e não é gorduroso, podendo ser consumido por toda a família.
Rotavirus diarrhea – An analysis through epidemic modeling
Authors: Chaturvedi Ojaswita , Lungu Edward , Jeffrey Mandu , Masupe Shedden 
Published: December 2018

Modelling an infectious disease like diarrhea improves the understanding of the transmission and helps in preventing it. Based on the pathogenesis, this research creates a continuous mathematical model for diarrhea (forming an SIRS system) caused by the virus rotavirus. Basic calculations including the basic reproduction number (R0) and disease-free state are successfully completed for the described system. Results show that if the basic reproduction number is kept below 1 (i.e. R0 < 1), there will be no epidemic. This mathematical model has been simulated using assumed values of parameters to test its fidelity. In order to establish the model in a functioning form, the Routh Hurwitz method has been used for the stability analysis. Model fidelity has been made stronger by conducting the sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation too. This model is very useful and has been integrated to form utilizable systems which function as a predictive system to assist in prevention of further infections of rotavirus causing diarrhea.
A Validated Routine Method for Butyltin Determination in Seafood by Gas Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Valdersnes Stig , Solli Berit , Sele Veronika , Julshamn Kåre 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Organotin compounds are anthropogenic metal species with multiple uses as pesticides, preservatives, antifouling agents, biocides, and catalysts. Butyltins are the main organotin compounds found in biota, and the highest levels are found in marine foodstuffs. In this paper, we present the figures of merit for an in-house validated method for routine analysis of butyltins in seafood using GC inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution MS. The working range of the method spanned several orders of magnitude from 3.3–1013, 2.4–785, and 0.3–900 ng Sn/g dry weight for monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and tributyltin (TBT), respectively. The trueness of the method was evaluated by analyzing Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) ERM CRM 477 (Mussel Tissue) and NIES CRM 15 (Scallop). Recoveries, with RSD % in parentheses, were 78 (±14), 80 (±6), and 88% (±8%) for MBT, DBT, and TBT in ERM CRM 477 and 96% (±5%) for TBT in NIES CRM 15. Good agreements were found between experimental uncertainties and uncertainties predicted for single-laboratory validated methods calculated from the maximum standard measurement uncertainty function. The method has proven to be robust, and the wide range of seafood validated ensures that the method is applicable for measuring butyltins in marine tissue.
The evaluation of the surface micro-hardness values in different depth of resin blocks
Authors: Bek Kürklü Zeliha Gonca , Yoldaş Hamdi Oğuz 
Published: December 2018

Objective: Computer-aided
design and manufacturing technology has shown great improvement in dentistry
since the 1980s. This technology is based on a one-stage restoration using
prefabricated blocks. Two main types of materials are used during CAD / CAM
indirect restorations: glass-ceramic /
ceramic and resin composite. CAD / CAM resin blocks are polymerized under high
temperature and pressure. Polymerization depth affects the surface hardness of
composite resins. When preparing a restoration, different depth layers of the
resin block are used. The aim of this study is to show that adequate
polymerization is achieved in each layer of the resin blocks and that the
hardness of each layer is the same. Two composite resin block materials and one
hybrid resin block material were included in this study.

Material and
method: The CAD/CAM block materials evaluated in this study were Cerasmart,
Lava and Vita Enamic Square specimens
(n=5/material) of approximate dimensions 10×10×2 mm blocks were sectioned (5
slices/block) from commercially available CAD-CAM materials using a diamond saw
(exakt 300 cl Apparatebau, Norderstedt, Germany) with water cooling. All
specimens were abraded followed by 500,1200,2500 grid using SiC abrasive paper
(exakt 400 cs Apparatebau, , Norderstedt, Germany). After storage in distilled
water at 37 °C for 24 hours the Knoop hardness test was performed using a
hardness testing machine (Buehler MMT 3 digital micro hardness tester, Lake
Bluff, IL, USA) using a load of 500 gf and a loading time of 10s.

Results: The
material with the highest hardness number was Vita Enamic block, whereas the
lowest numbered group was the Cerasmart. The rank order of surface hardness was
as follows: Vita Enamic&gt; Lava Ultimate &gt;Cerasmart.

Conclusion: The
hardness measurements of the layers of blocks were similar.
Comparison of Anxiety and Perception Levels of Patients Undergoing Initial Periodontal Treatment Using Different Instruments
Authors: LEKTEMÜR ALPAN Aysan 
Published: December 2018

Objectives The aim of this
study is to compare perception and anxiety levels of patients who are received
different anesthesia and instruments prior to periodontal treatment.Material
and MethodsThe study performed in the Periodontology Department
of Pamukkale University’s Faculty of Dentistry (October 2017 - February 2018)
and was designed as a case control study. 60 periodontitis patients were
divided into 6 groups: 1-Local piezo,
2-Topical piezo, 3- Piezo, 4-Local hand instrument, 5-Topical hand instrument,
6- Hand instrument. Topical groups were received xylocain spray, local groups
were received jetocain ampoule. Patients were asked to fill dental anxiety
scale (DAS) scale before the treatment
and 10th day. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was filled out on the
day of treatment, on the second day and on the 10th day following
treatment. Clinical measurements were taken on the treatment day and on the 30th
day.ResultsThere
was a significant decrease in clinical measurements in all groups. Local
anesthesia groups revealed lower VAS pain values (p&lt;00.5) compared to other
groups on the day of the procedure. Topical anesthesia groups revealed lower
VAS pain values as compared to the piezo and hand instrument groups,
respectively (p&gt;00.5). The
ultrasonic groups exhibited lower DAS scores than the hand instrument groups
(p&gt;00.5).ConclusionLocal anesthesia provided better patients cooperation
and VAS pain scores, but did not yield good speech and chewing scores. Topical
anesthesia and piezo may be more useful to patients with dental anxiety.
A Comparison of the Water Absorption and Water Solubility Values of Four Different Composite Resin Materials
Authors: CANGÜL Suzan , ADIGÜZEL Özkan , TEKİN Samet , ÖZTEKİN Faruk , SATICI Ömer 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The aim of
this study was to compare the water absorption and water solubility of four
different composte resin materials.

Materials and methods: A total of
40 cylindrical discs were prepared and polymerised with light, as 10 from each
group, each sample 2mm in depth and 8mm in diameter. The samples were kept for
24 hrs in a dessicator until a stable weight was reached. Then, the weight of
each sample was measured on highly sensitive scales. To calculate the water
absorption and solubility, measurements were made again with the sensitive
scales at the end of 1, 7 and 30 days. The data obtained were evaluated with
One-Way ANOVA variance analysis and the Friedman test.

Results: As a result of the statistical
analyses, significant differences were determined between the composite resins
in respect of water absorption on days 7 and 30 and in respect of solubility on day 30 only.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the negative
mechanical, physical and biological effects created by the water absorption and
water solubility factors of restorative materials are important issues that
should be taken into consideration.
Çürüksüz Servikal Bölge Diş Sert Doku Kayıplarında Universal Adeziv Kullanılarak Yapılan Restorasyonların FDI Kriterlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İSLATİCE ÖZKUBAT Gözde , YAMAN Batu Can , TEPE Hatice , IRMAK Özgür 
Published: December 2018

Aim: This study aimed to compare the different
application modes of universal bonding agents on non-carious cervical
lesions.

Material and method: Twenty-five patients without any systemic
disease and with good oral hygiene, having at least 20 teeth and 6 non-carious
cervical lesions treated using a universal adhesive and nano hybrid composite
material were selected among the patients who were treated at Department of
Restorative Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University between January
2015-March 2015. The 246 restorations included in the study were evaluated
according to FDI criteria at 18-month follow-up. Each bonding mode was analyzed
by Friedman analysis and Dunn’s binary comparison test. Relation between the
categorical mode variate and the scores were analyzed by Pearson Chi-square
analysis (p=0.05).

Results: There was no
significant difference between the application modes at 18-month period
regarding surface luster, surface staining, color match and translucency,
esthetic anatomical form, marginal adaptation, post operative sensitivity,
caries recurrence, erosion, abfraction, tooth integrity and periodontal
response. Marginal discoloration, fracture and retention, and the patient's
view criterias showed a significant difference in terms of the application
modes at 18-month follow-up. Esthetic anatomic form, patient's view, and tooth
integrity were not significantly different between evaluation periods
(p&gt;0.05).

Conclusion: SE mode showed
significantly worse scores than that of TE and SLE modes. Further studies are
needed to evaluate the clinical performance of universal adhesives.
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Titanium Prepared Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Early Soft Tissue Healing of Extraction Sites
Authors: ERCAN Esra 
Published: December 2018

Objective: Physiological changes start after
tooth extraction. Some post-operative symptoms may accompany this healing
period, and affect patient's life quality. Many techniques have been developed
to promote healing soft and hard tissue and improve patient's life quality. So,
the aim of this study was to compare the early soft tissue healing of
extraction sites treated with leucocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF), titanium
prepared platelet rich fibrin (T-PRF) and non-treated control sites.

Material&amp;Methods:A total of
42 single root teeth were enrolled to study. Extraction site was treated by
L-PRF or T-PRF. Spontanous healing sockets were considered as control sites. Landy
Wound Healing Index (LWH) scores and H2O2 bubbling test
results for complete wound epithelization (CWE) were recorded at 1st
and 2nd week. Also, the patient was requested to record the VAS scale
and the number of analgesics that taken during two days after extraction.

Results: The LWH were statistically significantly improved for all
groups at 2nd week according to 1st week (p&lt;0.05). However there was no
difference among three groups in each week. According to H2O2
bubbling test results, the
CWE ratio at 1st week was 7.1%, 53,3% and 69.2% of control, L-PRF and T-PRF
groups, respectively. The control group rate of CWE was statistically
significantly lower than both of the test groups (p&lt;0.05). Both of the test groups at 2nd week showed
100% CWE, however this rate was only 35.7% of control group. The VAS score, at
1st day, was statistically
significantly higher at control group than both of the test groups at first day
(p&lt;0.05). There was
non-significant difference among groups at 2nd day. There wass also
non-significant difference among groups with regard to number of analgesics.

Conclusion:
Both T-PRF and L-PRF, which are completely autologous biomaterials, enhance
wound epithelzation and reduced post-op discomfort at extraction sockets.
Searching the effect of anodization process as a surface treatment
Authors: COŞKUN Mehmet , AKAR Türker , ÇIRAK Burcu 
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of anodization and air-particle abrasion surface treatments on shear bond strength between Ni-Cr and ceramics.Material and Methods: 30 cylindrical Ni-Cr specimens (7x10 mm) were divided into three groups according to the surface treatments [control group (no-treatment), air-particle abrasion group (110 µm Al2O3at 75 psi from 20 cm for 30 seconds), and anodization group]. One sample from each group was evaluated by using SEM. Ceramics with a dimension (5x3 mm) built-up on specimens and shear bond strength tests were performed by using universal testing machine with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Stereomicroscope was used to evaluate the failure mode of specimens. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test was used to analyze the differences in shear bond strength values.Results: The shear bond strength of air-particle abrasion (21,35∓4,64) was higher than anodization group (20,92∓4,85) however, no statistically significant difference was detected. Both groups showed higher bond strength than control group (8,02∓1,47).Conclusion: Anodization process can be used in order to increase the metal-ceramic bond strength. However, according to the failure mode, air-particle abrasion forms stronger bond strength than anodization.
Unidades de traducción culturalmente marcadas: propuesta de clasificación dinámica con fines traductológicos
Authors: Mendoza García Inma 
Published: December 2018

In the context of Translation Studies, this paper presents a proposal for classifying culturally marked translation units from a functional dynamic perspective that is considered to be more useful for both translation practice and translation-related research than other taxonomies so far suggested by the majority of theorists.
For this purpose, first I provide an overview of the current state of the art in research on these specific translation units with regard to their designation, concept and classification. Second, I conduct a critical analysis of the heterogeneity of designations and definitions as well as of the static taxonomies so far prevailing in scientific literature in this respect. Third, I select a designation for these sorts of units and justify the decision made. Fourth, I provide a detailed description of the concept and its nature.
Finally, I design a classificatory model that is not based on a mere classification of culture-related areas and topics but takes into account all the intratextual and extratextual factors involved in the translation process. The proposal put forward is guided by two main parameters: the degree of lingüistic and cultural (in)equivalence between the source system and the target system and the level of knowledge the reader is supposed to possess about the culturally marked textual units.