bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomics of rapidly invading lionfish in the Caribbean reveals signals of range expansion in the absence of spatial population structure
Authors: Bors Eleanor K. , Herrera Santiago , Morris James A. , Shank Timothy M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRange expansions driven by global change and species invasions may have significant genomic, evolutionary, and ecological implications. During range expansions, strong genetic drift characterized by repeated founder events can result in decreased genetic diversity with increased distance from the center of the historic range, or the point of invasion. The invasion of the Indo‐Pacific lionfish, Pterois volitans, into waters off the US East Coast, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea provides a natural system to study rapid range expansion in an invasive marine fish with high dispersal capabilities. We report results from 12,759 single nucleotide polymorphism loci sequenced by restriction enzyme‐associated DNA sequencing for nine P. volitans sampling areas in the invaded range, including Florida and other sites throughout the Caribbean, as well as mitochondrial control region D‐loop data. Analyses revealed low to no spatially explicit metapopulation genetic structure, which is partly consistent with previous finding of little structure within ocean basins, but partly divergent from initial reports of between‐basin structure. Genetic diversity, however, was not homogeneous across all sampled sites. Patterns of genetic diversity correlate with invasion pathway. Observed heterozygosity, averaged across all loci within a population, decreases with distance from Florida while expected heterozygosity is mostly constant in sampled populations, indicating population genetic disequilibrium correlated with distance from the point of invasion. Using an FST outlier analysis and a Bayesian environmental correlation analysis, we identified 256 and 616 loci, respectively, that could be experiencing selection or genetic drift. Of these, 24 loci were shared between the two methods.
High‐performance V/f control of PMSM using state feedback control based on n–t coordinate system
Authors: Matsuki Yosuke , Doki Shinji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new V/f control method for permanent magnetic synchronous motors (PMSMs) without a position sensor. The proposed method uses state feedback control based on an n–t coordinate system, and controls rotational speed and the voltage amplitude. The t‐axis is a tangent line of a constant voltage ellipse, and the n‐axis is a normal line of the ellipse. The t‐axis current is utilized to place the poles of the transfer function at the desired position at low‐speed and high‐speed conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation and experimental results.
A home‐based, primary‐care model for epilepsy care in India: Basis and design
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Sharma Suman , Bansal Rajnder K. , Setia Raj K. , Sharma Sarit , Bansal Namita , Chowdhury Anuraag , Goraya Jatinder S. , Chatterjee Susmita , Kaur Sukhpreet , Kaur Manpreet , Kalra Shivani , Sander Josemir W. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectivesA cluster‐randomized trial of home‐based care using primary‐care resources for people with epilepsy has been set up to optimize epilepsy care in resource‐limited communities in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The primary aim is to determine whether treatment adherence to antiepileptic drugs is better with home‐based care or with routine clinic‐based care. The secondary aims are to compare the effects of the two care pathways on seizure control and quality of life.MethodsThe home‐based intervention comprises epilepsy medication provision, adherence reinforcement, and epilepsy self‐management and stigma management guidance provided by an auxiliary nurse‐midwife equivalent. The experimental group will be compared to a routine clinic‐based care group using a cluster‐randomized design in which the unit of analysis is a cluster of 10 people with epilepsy residing in an area cared for by a single accredited government grass‐roots health care worker. The primary outcome is treatment adherence as measured by monthly tablet counts supplemented by two self‐completed questionnaires. The secondary outcomes include monthly seizure frequency, time to first seizure (in days) after enrollment, proportion of patients experiencing seizure freedom for the duration of the study, and quality of life measured by the “Personal Impact of Epilepsy Scale,” all assessed by an independent study nurse.ResultsThe screening phase and neurologic evaluations and randomizations have been recently completed and follow‐up is underway.SignificanceThe results of the trial are likely to have substantial bearing on the development of governmental policies and strategies to provide coverage and care for patients with epilepsy in resource‐limited countries.
A smiling bear in the equity options market and the cross‐section of stock returns
Authors: Park Haehean , Kim Baeho , Shim Hyeongsop 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe propose a measure for the convexity of an option‐implied volatility curve, IV convexity, as a forward‐looking measure of risk‐neutral tail‐risk contribution to the perceived variance of underlying equity returns. Using equity options data for individual US‐listed stocks during 2000–2013, we find that the average realized return differential between the lowest and highest IV convexity quintile portfolios exceeds 1% per month, which is both economically and statistically significant on a risk‐adjusted basis. Our empirical findings indicate the contribution of informed options trading to price discovery in terms of the realization of tail‐risk aversion in the stock market.
Beyond the planetary boundary layer: Bacterial and fungal vertical biogeography at Mount Sonnblick, Austria
Authors: Els Nora , Baumann‐Stanzer Kathrin , Larose Catherine , Vogel Timothy M. , Sattler Birgit 
Published: February 2019

The atmosphere harbours a vast diversity of primary biological aerosols (PBAs) that are subjected to vertical and horizontal dispersal mechanisms that are not fully understood. In addition to size and weight constraints on PBAs to be lifted into the air column, local meteorological features dominate the fate of bioaerosols and their possible inclusion in long‐range transport. For organic particles to be included into long distant dispersal, they have to overcome surface vertical mixing of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) to reach levels of laminar air movement. Hence, the biogeography of PBAs along a vertical distribution through the PBL needed further study. To assess the microbial biodiversity along an altitudinal gradient, air samples were collected between 1,000 and 3,100 m above sea level at Mount Sonnblick in the Austrian Alps. 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer sequencing for bacteria and fungi, respectively, were used to define distinct microbial communities that were separated by the PBL. Up to the top of the PBL, plant‐associated bacteria and fungi were detected and were subjected to limited vertical dispersal due to size‐constraints. This indicates that those communities become aerosolised but were not lifted into higher altitudes. However, a variety of ubiquitous, thermophilic strains that are often identified with heavy dust events and high endurance towards extreme conditions were significantly increased (relative abundance) at higher elevations. The lack of information on vertical dispersal is due to reliance on ground‐based investigations that bias the interpretation of dispersal dynamics. Thus, to understand the mechanisms for near‐ground communities to become airborne and subsequently included in long‐range transport, we recommend investigating meteorological driving forces for an improved biogeographical assessment. Here, we show, for the first time, an assessment of the biogeography of bacterial and fungal assemblages along a vertical alpine air column transect.
Cross passages between TBM tunnels: The experience in Spanish high‐speed railway tunnels
Authors: Iasiello Cosimo , Torralbo Juan Carlos Guerra , Pérez Caldentey P.E. Alejandro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper describes, by means of two practical examples, the different approaches employed to design and build cross passages between segmental lined tunnels for high speed railway lines in Spain. The increment of principal stresses at the cross passages leads to the need of an additional support system for the tunnel lining. The chosen solution for this support system depends mainly on the ground conditions, the tunnel overburden and contractor's local experience. The first example is related to the Pajares Tunnels bored in the San Emiliano formation and the second one collects the experiences of the Guadarrama tunnels bored in very hard gneiss and granite rocks. The aim of this paper is to establish some key aspects to be considered when choosing the cross passage design and the corresponding excavation process.
Unterstützungskonstruktionen für Tübbinge beim Herstellen von Querschlägen in unterschiedlichen Baugrundverhältnissen
Authors: Frodl Stephan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEmergency exits must be available at certain intervals in tunnels for safety reasons. For this purpose, cross passages are excavated to a second tunnel tube, to shafts with staircases or separate exit tunnels. For the excavation of these emergency exits in TBM drives with segmental lining, openings have to be provided in the segmental lining. This article outlines different systems to make openings in segmental linings. The choice of a suitable system depends on various constraints, e.g. the geometric dimensions of the tunnel tube and the cross passages or the prevailing soil conditions. In addition, the loadbearing capacity and serviceability is also very important.
Gebirgsdruckabhängige Tübbing‐Öffnungsvarianten für Querschläge beim Koralmtunnel KAT3 – Entwicklung von Sicherungstypen zum Einfahren von Querschlagvortrieben in Tübbingröhre
Authors: Atzl Georg , Josmann Gerd , Fleissner Werner , Moritz Bernd , Handke Dieter , Zevnik Jaka , Schiesser Karl , Kiesling Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe southern tube of the Koralm Tunnel, contract KAT3, is being conventionally excavated with two‐pass lining, while the northern tube is being driven by TBM with single‐pass segment lining. The tunnel tubes are located in quite different geotechnical conditions, with soft ground of high and low permeability, major fault zones and hard rock. Cross passages are provided about every 500 m of the 12 km long tunnel section. Different support types are required for the opening of the segment lining and connection to the excavation of the cross passage. In hard rock, the support consists of anchors, tail void grout and permanent bolts between the segments. In soft ground, a temporary pre‐stressed steel structure is provided, with longitudinal dowels at ring joints and special segments with increased reinforcement for the special case where cross passage excavation enters the segment‐lined tunnel.
Geochemistry and mineral chemical behavior of hydrothermal alteration of the Tuwu porphyry copper deposit, Eastern Tianshan, Northwest China
Authors: Yuan Hongqing , Shen Ping , Pan Hongdi , An Zhi‐Hai , Ma Ge , Li Wenguang 
Published: February 2019

The Tuwu deposit is one of the largest porphyry copper deposits in the Eastern Tianshan, Northwest China. Ore bodies of the deposit are associated with the tonalite porphyry, which intruded the Early Carboniferous Qi´eshan Group. The hydrothermal ore‐forming processes include the porphyry mineralization episode with potassic, chlorite‐sericite/albite, phyllic, and propylitic alteration and the overprinting mineralization episode. These hydrothermal alteration episodes were studied on the basis of mass transfer and element mobility. The mass balance data and isocon diagrams reveal that Cu is highly associated with the chlorite‐sericite (albite) stage and followed by phyllic and potassic stages. On the basis of electron probe analysis, the SO3 contents of the igneous apatite from the tonalite porphyries range from 0.016 to 0.288 wt.%, which are higher than those from the diorite porphyries (SO3 = 0.088–0.179 wt.%). Similarly, the apatite saturation temperature (861–926°C) and magmatic S content (mean = 52.16 ppm) from the tonalite porphyries are also higher that from the diorite porphyries (T = 813–877°C; S = 28.25 ppm). These results suggest that the S content of the apatite is related to the temperature and S content of the melt. In the hydrothermal alteration zones, the F favours partitioning into apatite under lower temperature, the F contents of hydrothermal apatite increase from the potassic zones to the propylitic zones accompanying with the decrease of temperature. Cl element is much more sensitive to the pH, pressure, and fluid composition than F element. The Cl contents of the apatite increase from the potassic zones (0.18–0.46 wt.%) to the chorite‐sericite (albite) zones (0.28–0.58 wt.%), resulting from the decrease of fluid pH and pressure. The lower Cl contents of apatite (0.07–0.48 wt.%) in the phyllic zones were due to the lower Cl content of hydrothermal fluids. The highest Cl contents (0.09–0.69 wt.%) of apatite in the propylitic zones were caused by the decrease of pressure. The δ18Owater values of quartz in chlorite‐sericite (albite) zones and phyllic zones range from −0.8‰ to −0.4‰ and from −5.3‰ to 4.8‰, and the δD values vary from −57‰ to −47‰ and from −52‰ to −44‰, respectively. Gaseous compositions of the fluid inclusions in quartz are dominated by H2O with minor CO2, and the liquid compositions mainly consist of Na+ and Cl−. These data imply that the ore‐forming fluids belong to the H2O‐NaCl system and evolved from magmatic water to meteoric water in origin.
Addressing nutrition and social connection through community gardening: A South Australian study
Authors: Mehta Kaye , Lopresti Silvia , Thomas Jessica 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis research aimed to evaluate the benefits of the community gardening program called ‘‘Magic Harvest (MH)” with respect to its key elements: social interaction; gardening skills; and, healthier eating. The MH program supports community participants to grow food, share produce, prepare and preserve food.MethodsTwo focus groups were conducted with participants in MH programs in the south of Adelaide, South Australia. The MH programs were located in lower socio‐economic areas. Focus group interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed thematically.ResultsThirteen participants took part in the focus groups and reported gains in community connectedness and shared learning, skills for growing food and healthy eating and making more sustainable food choices.ConclusionThis study highlights the social and nutritional benefits that can be derived from a community gardening program in low‐income communities. Health practitioners and policymakers should consider community gardening as an effective health promotion strategy that can address physical and social determinants of health and nutrition for low‐income communities.
The effects of topographic depressions on multiscale overland flow connectivity: A high‐resolution spatiotemporal pattern analysis approach based on connectivity statistics
Authors: Yu Feng , Harbor Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn watershed modelling, the traditional practice of arbitrarily filling topographic depressions in digital elevation models has raised concerns. Advanced high‐resolution remote sensing techniques, including airborne scanning laser altimetry, can identify naturally occurring depressions that impact overland flow. In this study, we used an ensemble physical and statistical modelling approach, including a 2D hydraulic model and two‐point connectivity statistics, to quantify the effects of depressions on high‐resolution overland flow patterns across spatial scales and their temporal variations in single storm events. Computations for both models were implemented using graphic processing unit‐accelerated computing. The changes in connectivity statistics for overland flow patterns between airborne scanning laser altimetry‐derived digital elevation models with (original) and without (filled) depressions were used to represent the shifts of overland flow response to depressions. The results show that depressions can either decrease or increase (to a lesser degree and shorter duration) the probability that any two points (grid locations) are hydraulically connected by overland flow pathways. We used macro‐connectivity states (Φ) as a watershed‐specific indicator to describe the spatiotemporal thresholds of connectivity variability caused by depressions. Four states of Φ are identified in a studied watershed, and each state represents different magnitudes of connectivity and connectivity changes (caused by depressions). The magnitude of connectivity variability corresponds to the states of Φ, which depend on the topological relationship between depressions, the rising/recession limb, and the total rainfall amount in a storm event. In addition, spatial distributions of connectivity variability correlate with the density of depression locations and their physical structures, which cause changes in streamflow discharge magnitude. Therefore, this study suggests that depressions are “nontrivial” in watershed modelling, and their impacts on overland flow should not be neglected. Connectivity statistics at different spatial scales and time points within a watershed provide new insights for characterizing the distributed and accumulated effects of depressions on overland flow.
Uric acid induced epithelial−mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells through PI3K/p‐Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Xiong Xiao‐Yan , Bai Lin , Bai Shou‐Jun , Wang Ya‐Kun , Ji Tingting 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe phenotypic changes of tubular epithelial cell are hallmark features of renal diseases caused by abnormal uric acid levels. We hereby intend to investigate whether PI3K/p‐Akt signaling plays a role in uric‐acid induced epithelial−mesenchymal transition process. The normal rat kidney cell line (NRK‐52E) was used as a proximal tubular cell model in this study. NRK‐52E cells were exposed to different concentrations of uric acid, or PI3K inhibitor LY294002, or both, respectively. The effects of uric acid on cell morphology were examined by phase contrast microscopy, while molecular alternations were assessed by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. We found that uric acid induced visible morphological alterations in NRK‐52E cells accompanied by increased expression of α‐smooth muscle actin and reduced expression of E‐cadherin. Moreover, phosphorylation of Akt protein was obviously increased, whereas Akt level remained stable. Furthermore, the above effects were abolished when PI3K/p‐Akt pathway was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor. These findings demonstrated that high uric acid could induce phenotypic transition of cultured renal tubular cells, which was probably via activating PI3K/p‐Akt signaling pathway.
Galangin ameliorates cardiac remodeling via the MEK1/2–ERK1/2 and PI3K–AKT pathways
Authors: Wang Hui‐Bo , Huang Si‐Hui , Xu Man , Yang Jun , Yang Jian , Liu Ming‐Xin , Wan Chun‐Xia , Liao Hai‐Han , Fan Di , Tang Qi‐Zhu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCardiac remodeling is associated with inflammation and apoptosis. Galangin, as a natural flavonol, has the potent function of regulating inflammation and apoptosis, which are factors related to cardiac remodeling. Beginning 3 days after aortic banding (AB) or Sham surgery, mice were treated with galangin for 4 weeks. Cardiac remodeling was assessed according to echocardiographic parameters, histological analyses, and hypertrophy and fibrosis markers. Our results showed that galangin administration attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis response in AB mice and angiotensin II‐treated H9c2 cells. The inhibitory action of galangin in cardiac remodeling was mediated by MEK1/2–extracellular‐regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2)–GATA4 and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT)–glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation. Furthermore, we found that galangin inhibited inflammatory response and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that galangin protects against cardiac remodeling through decreasing inflammatory responses and apoptosis, which are associated with inhibition of the MEK1/2–ERK1/2–GATA4 and PI3K–AKT–GSK3β signals.
Complexity on modulation of NF‐κB pathways by hepatitis B and C: A double‐edged sword in hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Shokri Somayeh , Mahmoudvand Shahab , Taherkhani Reza , Farshadpour Fatemeh , Jalalian Farid Azizi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), a family of master regulated dimeric transcription factors, signaling transduction pathways are active players in the cell signaling that control vital cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Nevertheless, aberrant regulation of the NF‐κB signaling pathways has been associated with a significant number of human cancers. In fact, NF‐κB acts as a double‐edged sword in the vital cellular processes and carcinogenesis. This review provides an overview on the modulation of the NF‐κB signaling pathways by proteins of hepatitis B and C viruses. One of the major NF‐κB events that are modulated by these viruses is the induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the central function of NF‐κB in carcinogenesis, it has turned out to be a considerable therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
Red and near‐infrared light induces intracellular Ca2+ flux via the activation of glutamate N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors
Authors: Golovynska Iuliia , Golovynskyi Sergii , Stepanov Yurii V. , Garmanchuk Liudmyla V. , Stepanova Ludmila I. , Qu Junle , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRed and near‐infrared (NIR) light effect on Ca2+ ions flux through the influence on N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and their functioning in HeLa cells was studied in vitro. Cells were irradiated by 650 and 808 nm laser light at different power densities and doses and the obtained effect was compared with that caused by the pharmacological agents. The laser light was found to elevate Ca2+ influx into cell cytoplasm in a dose‐dependent manner without changes of the NMDAR functioning. Furthermore, the light of both wavelengths demonstrated the ability to elevate Ca2+ influx under the pharmacological blockade of NMDARs and also might partially abolish the blockade enhancing Ca2+ influx after selective stimulation of the receptors with NMDA. Simultaneously, the light at moderate doses demonstrated a photobiostimulating effect on cells. Based on our experiments and data reported in the literature, we suggest that the low‐power visible and NIR light can instigate a cell membrane depolarization via nonthermal activation, resulting in the fast induction of Ca2+ influx into cells. The obtained results also demonstrate that NIR light can be used for nonthermal and nonpharmacological stimulation of NMDARs in cancer cells.