bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding and respiration by giant barrel sponges across a gradient of food abundance in the Red Sea
Authors: Wooster Michael K. , McMurray Steven E. , Pawlik Joseph R. , Morán Xosé A. G. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhile sponges are well‐known to be suspension feeders, consumption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has recently been highlighted as a mechanism whereby sponges may avoid food limitation. Further, the sponge‐loop hypothesis proposes that sponges consume DOC and then release shed cellular detritus back to the reef benthos. We examined the carbon flux mediated by the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia testudinaria, on reefs in the Red Sea across an inshore–offshore gradient that had previously been proposed to affect sponge nutrition in other parts of the tropics. Seawater samples were collected from the incurrent and excurrent flow of 35 sponges. Concentrations of total organic carbon and its components, DOC, live particulate organic carbon (LPOC), and detritus, were all significantly higher in incurrent seawater on inshore than offshore reefs. The diet of X. testudinaria was comprised primarily of DOC and detritus, with mean values across all reef sites of 61.5% DOC, 34.6% detritus, and 3.9% LPOC. Across the inshore–offshore gradient, there was evidence (1) of a threshold concentration of DOC (≈ 79 μmol C Lseawater−1) below which sponges ceased to be net consumers of DOC, and (2) that sponges on offshore reefs were food limited, with a mean carbon deficit relative to sponges on inshore reef sites. Sponges on offshore reef sites exhibited higher pumping rates, perhaps indicating optimal foraging for POC. As previously demonstrated for Xestospongia muta, and contrary to the sponge‐loop hypothesis, there was no evidence that X. testudinaria returned DOC to the benthos in the form of detritus.
Metabolic rhythms in flowing waters: An approach for classifying river productivity regimes
Authors: Savoy Philip , Appling Alison P. , Heffernan James B. , Stets Edward G. , Read Jordan S. , Harvey Judson W. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough seasonal patterns of ecosystem productivity have been extensively described and analyzed with respect to their primary forcings in terrestrial and marine systems, comparatively little is known about these same processes in rivers. However, it is now possible to perform a large‐scale synthesis on the patterns and drivers of river productivity regimes because of the recent sensor advances allowing for near‐continuous estimates of river productivity. Here, we explore a dataset of 47 U.S. rivers to examine whether there are characteristic river productivity regimes. We use classification approaches to develop a typology of productivity regimes and then use these regimes to examine differences with respect to potential controls of productivity. We identified two distinct metabolic regimes, which we named Summer Peak and Spring Peak Rivers, within our dataset. These regimes meaningfully differed in both the timing and magnitude of productivity and were robust to different approaches to classification. We also found that several variables, including watershed area and characteristics of water temperature or discharge, were able to predict the class membership of these regimes with modest accuracy. Our results support the presence of characteristic metabolic regimes and suggests that these regimes may have common sets of environmental controls. We present classification as one approach to begin exploring the productivity regimes of rivers. The strength of our approach is that it fully leverages these newly available high‐frequency productivity estimates to create classes that can be used to draw inferences about how the controls of river productivity differ between or within systems.
Low frequency of POLD1 and POLE exonuclease domain variants in patients with multiple colorectal polyps
Authors: Elsayed Fadwa A. , Tops Carli M. J. , Nielsen Maartje , Ruano Dina , Vasen Hans F. A. , Morreau Hans , J. Hes Frederik , van Wezel Tom 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundGermline mutations affecting the exonuclease domains of POLE and POLD1 predispose to colorectal adenomas and carcinoma. Here, we aimed to screen the exonuclease domains to find the genetic causes of multiple colorectal polyps in unexplained cases.MethodsUsing a custom next‐generation sequencing panel, we sequenced the exonuclease domains of POLE and POLD1 in 332 index patients diagnosed with multiple colorectal polyps without germline alteration in colorectal polyposis predisposing genes.ResultsWe identified two variants of unknown significance. One germline POLD1 c.961G>A, p.(Gly321Ser) variant was found in two cases. The first patient was diagnosed with multiple polyps at age 35 and colorectal cancer (CRC) at age 37, with no known family history of CRC. The second patient was diagnosed with CRC at age 44 and cumulatively developed multiple polyps; this patient had two sisters with endometrial cancer who did not carry the variant. Furthermore, we identified a novel POLD1 c.955 T>G, p.(Cys319Gly) variant in a patient diagnosed with multiple colorectal adenomas at age 40. Co‐segregation analysis showed that one sister who cumulatively developed multiple adenomas from age 34, and another sister who developed CRC at age 38 did not carry the variant. We did not identify pathogenic variants in POLE and POLD1.ConclusionThis study confirms the low frequency of causal variants in these genes in the predisposition for multiple colorectal polyps, and also establishes that these genes are a rare cause of the disease.
Economic and environmental impacts of vertical and horizontal competition and integration
Authors: Sim Jeongeun , El Ouardighi Fouad , Kim Bowon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe explore the economic and environmental impacts of market structures (competition or integration at vertical and horizontal levels). We consider a bilateral duopoly consisting of two manufacturers and two retailers in which each manufacturer offers a wholesale price contract to the respective retailer. The manufacturers decide on wholesale prices and abatement efforts concerning pollution emissions related to manufacturing processes, whereas the retailers compete in quantities in the consumer market. To understand the comprehensive effects of market structures on economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability, we examine a measure of eco‐friendly social welfare, which is the ratio of social welfare and environmental pollution. Interestingly, we find that the market structures that have been believed to be more efficient are less efficient from a broader perspective: (1) double marginalization can generate higher eco‐friendly social welfare, and (2) horizontal competition between firms can result in lower eco‐friendly social welfare. Although vertical integration and horizontal competition yield greater social welfare by facilitating more production activities, these market structures often fail to induce sufficient abatement efforts to balance the polluting effect of the large volume, resulting in more significant environmental degradation. We also show that, despite the pollution‐curbing effect, higher emission penalties can result in less eco‐friendly social welfare. They can even curtail the abatement efforts of firms under particular circumstances. When products become more substitutable, the eco‐friendly social welfare can decrease depending upon the market structure.
Brain arterial dilatation and the risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gutierrez Jose , Guzman Vanessa , Khasiyev Farid , Manly Jennifer , Schupf Nicole , Andrews Howard , Mayeux Richard , Brickman Adam M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe tested the hypothesis that brain arterial dilatation increases the risk of Alzheimer's dementia (AD).MethodsWe studied dementia‐free participants in the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project who had a brain MRI and post‐MRI dementia adjudication. We measured the axial T2‐proton density diameters of the intracranial carotids and basilar diameters and used Cox models to obtain AD hazard ratios and 95% intervals.ResultsOf 953 participants (mean age 77 ± 7 y, women 64%, 71% nonwhite) followed on average for 3 ± 3 years, 76 (8%) developed AD. In a model adjusted for demographics, vascular risks, apolipoprotein E (APOE)‐ε4, and white matter hyperintensities, larger carotid diameters increased the risk of AD, defined categorically as ≥ 90th percentile (HR 4.34, 1.70–11.11) or continuously (HR 1.44 per SD, 1.07–1.94).DiscussionUnderstanding the pathophysiology of the association between AD and brain arterial dilatation may reveal new clues to the vascular contributions to AD.
Meeting User Needs for Sea Level Rise Information: A Decision Analysis Perspective
Authors: Hinkel Jochen , Church John A. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Lambert Erwin , Le Cozannet Gonéri , Lowe Jason , McInnes Kathleen L. , Nicholls Robert J. , van der Pol Thomas D. , van de Wal Roderik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite widespread efforts to implement climate services, there is almost no literature that systematically analyzes users' needs. This paper addresses this gap by applying a decision analysis perspective to identify what kind of mean sea level rise (SLR) information is needed for local coastal adaptation decisions. We first characterize these decisions, then identify suitable decision analysis approaches and the sea level information required, and finally discuss if and how these information needs can be met given the state of the art of sea level science. We find that four types of information are needed: (i) probabilistic predictions for short‐term decisions when users are uncertainty tolerant; (ii) high‐end and low‐end SLR scenarios chosen for different levels of uncertainty tolerance; (iii) upper bounds of SLR for users with a low uncertainty tolerance; and (iv) learning scenarios derived from estimating what knowledge will plausibly emerge about SLR over time. Probabilistic predictions can only be attained for the near term (i.e., 2030–2050) before SLR significantly diverges between low and high emission scenarios, for locations for which modes of climate variability are well understood and the vertical land movement contribution to local sea levels is small. Meaningful SLR upper bounds cannot be defined unambiguously from a physical perspective. Low‐ to high‐end scenarios for different levels of uncertainty tolerance and learning scenarios can be produced, but this involves both expert and user judgments. The decision analysis procedure elaborated here can be applied to other types of climate information that are required for mitigation and adaptation purposes.
Transimpedance amplifiers with 133 GHz bandwidth on 130 nm indium phosphide double heterojunction bipolar transistors
Authors: Giannakopoulos S. , He Z. , Darwazeh I. , Zirath H. 
Published: March 2019

In this work, the authors present two transimpedance amplifier (TIA) circuits designed for fibre optical interconnect systems. They compare a common base (CB) topology with a common emitter (CE) shunt–shunt feedback topology in terms of frequency response, power consumption, noise, and input impedance. The two TIAs are designed on a 130 nm indium phosphide double heterojunction bipolar transistor technology from Teledyne Scientific Company (TSC) with an ft/fmax of 520 GHz/1.15 THz and are measured in the frequency and time domains. They exhibit a transimpedance gain of 42 dBΩ with a 133 GHz bandwidth, the highest bandwidth reported in the literature and power consumption of 32.3 mW for the CB and 25.5 mW for the CE. Eye diagram measurements were conducted up to 64 Gbps and input referred noise density was measured at for the CB and for the CE.
Versorgungsstrukturen und Mengen-Ergebnis-Beziehung beim akuten Herzinfarkt – Verlaufsbetrachtung der deutschlandweiten Krankenhausabrechnungsdaten von 2005 bis 2015
Authors: Bolczek Claire , Nimptsch Ulrike , Möckel Martin , Mansky Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Studien haben beschrieben, dass höhere Herzinfarktfallzahlen des behandelnden Krankenhauses mit besseren Behandlungsergebnissen assoziiert sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Entwicklung der akutstationären Herzinfarktversorgung sowie der Mengen-Ergebnisbeziehung im Zeitverlauf analysiert. Ziel der Arbeit ist, die Entwicklungen zu bewerten und Anhaltspunkte für eine Verbesserung der Herzinfarktversorgung in Deutschland abzuleiten.
Methode Anhand der deutschlandweiten Krankenhausabrechnungsdaten (DRG-Statistik) von 2005 bis 2015 wurden Patienten mit akutem Herzinfarkt im erstbehandelnden Krankenhaus identifiziert und anhand der jährlichen Herzinfarktfallzahl des behandelnden Krankenhauses in fallzahlgleiche Quintile eingeteilt.
Ergebnisse Im Beobachtungszeitraum zeigte sich ein zunehmender Anteil interventionell versorgter Herzinfarktpatienten. Die Krankenhaussterblichkeit im erstbehandelnden Krankenhaus ging insgesamt von 12,1 auf 8,7% zurück. In allen Jahren wurde in den höheren Fallzahlquintilen eine geringere Sterblichkeit im Vergleich zum unteren Fallzahlquintil beobachtet. Im Jahr 2015 zeigte sich im Vergleich zur Behandlung in Krankenhäusern mit sehr geringer Fallzahl ein um 20% reduziertes Sterberisiko (adjustiertes OR jeweils 0,8 [95% KI 0,7–0,9]) in Krankenhäusern mit mittlerer, hoher oder sehr hoher Fallzahl. Mehr als 40% der Krankenhäuser mit sehr geringer Fallzahl waren in städtischen Regionen lokalisiert.
Schlussfolgerung Eine gezieltere Steuerung von Patienten mit Herzinfarktsymptomen in Krankenhäuser mit hohen Herzinfarktfallzahlen könnte die Versorgung weiter verbessern. Eine solche Versorgungssteuerung ist sowohl aus Gründen der medizinischen Qualität als auch der Wirtschaftlichkeit insbesondere in städtischen Regionen erforderlich.
Ausgaben der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung für Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention 2012–2017: Positive Effekte durch das Präventionsgesetz?
Authors: Bödeker Wolfgang , Moebus Susanne 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Präventionsgesetz zielt auf die Stärkung der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Deutschland. Durch das Gesetz werden Änderungen bei den sogenannten „§20-Maßnahmen“ des Sozialgesetzbuch V vorgenommen. Für die durch die Krankenkassen zu erbringenden Leistungen in diesem Bereich wurden Richtwerte erhöht bzw. neu vorgegeben. Zielsetzung dieses Beitrags ist es zu untersuchen, wie sich die Präventionsausgaben der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) im Zeitraum von 2012 bis 2017 entwickelt haben und ob die Vorgaben des Präventionsgesetzes erreicht wurden.
Methode Die Rechnungsergebnisse der GKV wurden ausgewertet. Die Leistungsausgaben pro Versicherte wurden berechnet und die Ausgabenveränderungen sowohl nach Einzelkonten als auch nach Präventionsbereichen zusammengefasst analysiert. Der Einfluss des Präventionsgesetzes wurde durch die Betrachtung der Zeiträume 2012–2017, 2012–2014 und 2014–2017 herausgestellt.
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2017 entfielen 2,5% der Leistungsausgaben der GKV, ca. 5 Mrd. Euro, auf die ausgewiesenen Präventionsbereiche. Nahezu 60% dieser Präventionsausgaben wurden für (Krebs)-Früherkennung und Schutzimpfungen aufgewendet. Die Ausgaben für „§20-Maßnahmen“ beliefen sich auf € 7,17/Versicherte und erreichten damit den gesetzlichen Richtwert, machten aber weniger als 10% aller Präventionsausgaben aus. Die Präventionsausgaben pro Versicherte nahmen in Zeitraum zwar zu, der Anteil der GKV-Präventionsausgaben an den Leistungsausgaben hat sich aber seit 2015 insgesamt verringert. Ausgaben für Präventionsmaßnahmen, die sich direkt an die Versicherten richten (Individualansatz, Bonusprogramme) und des Setting-Ansatzes (nicht betriebliche Settings, betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung) sind nach Inkrafttreten des Präventionsgesetzes zusammen kaum gestiegen. Dies ergibt sich, weil trotz der Zunahme bei den Ausgaben für die betrieblichen und nicht betrieblichen Settings eine ebenso starke Abnahme bei den Versichertenboni für gesundheitsbewusstes Verhalten eingetreten ist.
Schlussfolgerungen Relativ zu den Gesamtausgaben der GKV nehmen die Präventionsausgaben weiterhin ab. Die durch das Präventionsgesetz vorgegeben Richtwerte wurden aber erreicht. Richtwerte haben sich als probates Instrument zur Lenkung von Präventionsausgaben erwiesen und zu einer Erhöhung der Ausgaben für den Setting-Ansatz geführt. Insgesamt zeigt sich aber kein Ausgabeneffekt im Bereich der Prävention seit dem Präventionsgesetz, da eine Kompensation zu Lasten der nicht mit Richtwerten versehenen Individuen bezogenen Maßnahmen (Bonusprogramme) erfolgte.
Quantitation of Ivosidenib, A Novel Mutant IDH1 Inhibitoron Mice DBS: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Dittakavi Sreekanth , Jat Rakesh Kumar , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIvosidenib is an approved drug for relapsed or refractory IDH1 mutant AML patients. The goal of the present work is to develop and validate an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of ivosidenib in mice dried blood spots (DBS) as per regulatory guideline in the linearity range of 1.10–3293 ng/mL. To date there is no bioanalytical method reported for quantitation of ivosidenib. The chromatographic resolution of ivosidenib and internal standard (warfarin) was achieved on a C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria. The intra- and inter-day precision was in the range of 2.79–10.5 and 5.76–9.02%, respectively. Ivosidenib was stable for 3 freeze/thaw cycles, up to 7 days at room temperature and for one month at −80°C. The applicability of the validated method is shown in a mice pharmacokinetic study. Ivosidenib was quantifiable up to 24 and 36 h following intravenous and oral administration to mice, respectively. The oral bioavailability was 48%. Comparison of DBS vs. plasma concentrations of ivosidenib showed excellent correlation, indicating DBS can be used as an alternative for plasma for pharmacokinetic analysis.
Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Metastasis of a Kidney Cancer: Case Report
Authors: Sarmento Marina , Haas Leandro , Tutida Letícia , Marques Natália , Scramocin Thaize , Omar Omar , Giustina Evelyn , Sartori Felipe , Camilo Liz , Borille Thaís , Bernardes Celso , Boer Vitor , Lara Danielle , Cabral Filipe , Mello Luís 
Published: March 2019

Objective To report a case of intradural extramedullary metastasis originated from a kidney neoplasm. Metastases in this topography occur in a low frequency, especially considering that the primary tumor was located along the urinary system.
Case Report A male adult begins to present with pain in the lower limbs and develops flaccid paraparesis of the pelvic limbs, also attacking the control of the sphincter. The patient had a previous history of right nephrectomy due to a kidney neoplasm. After investigation with imaging exams, a metastatic lesion was found to be the source of the symptoms. The patient was surgically treated by the neurosurgery team of the hospital.
Conclusion Cases like this are not common, and considering the low incidence of these cases and the nonspecific symptoms, such as pain, we do not always come up with the hypothesis of a metastasis in this topography. The surgical treatment, although it is a palliative feature, has an important part in maintaining the performance and the quality of life of the patient.
Cementless versus Cemented Fixation in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Papas Paraskevi Vivian , Congiusta Dominick , Cushner Fred D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite the success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), more than 20,000 revision TKA procedures are performed annually. In an effort to decrease failures due to loosening in the past, cementless fixation of TKA was suggested. The preliminary results of cementless fixation for TKA proved to be discouraging, with midterm results linking the use of uncemented components to early aseptic loosening. While cemented TKA has remained the gold standard fixation technique, the changing demographics of the average TKA patient have led some surgeons to revisit cementless fixation as an option.
Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on the Left Ventricles of Male and Female Mice Submitted to Swimming
Authors: Jerônimo Laís , Franco Priscila , Marques Petrus , Guerra Flávia , Rossi Junior Wagner , Esteves Alessandra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has grown into a worldwide substance abuse problem over the last decades, with the doses taken by illegal users being 10 to 100 times higher than the therapeutic ones. In the present experiment, 60 mice were divided into 3 groups of 20 animals. Group 1 received testosterone cypionate (Deposteron [EMS, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil]); group 2 received stanozolol (Stanozolol Depot, Landerlan, Lambaré, Paraguay), and group 3 received saline solution), each one composed by 10 males and 10 females, treated once a week and put to swimming thrice a week for 2 months. After euthanasia, their chests were opened, the hearts removed and processed histologically for morphometric analyses. The specimens were cut into 6 different sections and each one was measured with the help of an optical microscope with a 40-fold magnification. For such analyses, the Axiovision Rel. 4.8.2 (Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC, Peabody, MA, USA) and Axiovision 4 Module Interactive Measurement (Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC) software were used. The results showed that there was an increase in the diameter of the left ventricles in the male mice treated with Deposteron while in the female animals treated with Winstrol, there was a decrease in the left ventricular diameter in relation to the other two groups. Thus, one can conclude that the use of supraphysiological doses of the given AAS significantly alters the ventricular diameter in both male and female animals, which can cause a considerable change in both heart rate and blood pressure, and potentially induce disorders that are very relevant to the organism.
Assembling responsive microgels at responsive lipid membranes
Authors: Wang Meina , Mihut Adriana M. , Rieloff Ellen , Dabkowska Aleksandra P. , Månsson Linda K. , Immink Jasper N. , Sparr Emma , Crassous Jérôme J. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Soft microgel-based colloids consisting of a responsive polymer network offer an ideal platform for exploring the interactions between nanomaterials and artificial model membranes. Here, we report a modality to pattern and assemble responsive colloids as microgels or lipogels—i.e., microgels associated with small lipid vesicles—to desired locations on phospholipid giant unilamellar vesicles. The tunable properties of the microgels—for example, softness, deformability, hydrophobicity, and thermosensitivity—are used to manipulate and guide the adsorption and assembly behavior. This study reveals that phospholipid bilayers are versatile molecular templates for defined and highly ordered interfacial assemblies, 2D colloidal crystals, and selective patterning as imposed by the fluidity of the membrane.