bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galactic Gas Flows from Halo to Disk: Tomography and Kinematics at the Milky Way’s Disk–Halo Interface
Authors: Bish Hannah V. , Werk Jessica K. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Rubin Kate H. R. , Zheng Yong , O’Meara John M. , Deason Alis J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present a novel absorption-line survey using 54 blue horizontal branch stars in the Milky Way halo as background sources for detecting gas flows at the disk–halo interface. Distance measurements to high-latitude (b > 60°) background stars at 3.1–13.4 kpc, combined with unprecedented spatial sampling and spectral resolution, allow us to examine the 3D spatial distribution and kinematics of gas flows near the disk. We detect absorption signatures of extraplanar Ca ii and Na i in Keck HIRES spectra and find that their column densities exhibit no trend with distance to the background sources, indicating that these clouds lie within 3.1 kpc of the disk. We calculate covering fractions of f
Ca ii
= 63%, f
Na i
= 26%, and f
H i
= 52%, consistent with a picture of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) that includes multiphase clouds containing small clumps of cool gas within hotter, more diffuse gas. Our measurements constrain the scale of any substructure within these cool clouds to <0.5 kpc. Ca ii and Na i absorption features exhibit an intermediate-velocity (IV) component inflowing at velocities of −75 km s−1 <v < −25 km s−1 relative to the local standard of rest, consistent with previously studied H i structures in this region. We report the new detection of an inflow velocity gradient Δv

z
∼ 6–9 km s−1 kpc−1 across the Galactic plane. These findings place constraints on the physical and kinematic properties of CGM gas flows through the disk–halo interface and support a galactic fountain model in which cold gas rains back onto the disk.
MAGPHYS+photo-z: Constraining the Physical Properties of Galaxies with Unknown Redshifts
Authors: Battisti A. J. , da Cunha E. , Grasha K. , Salvato M. , Daddi E. , Davies L. , Jin S. , Liu D. , Schinnerer E. , Vaccari M. ,   (COSMOS Collaboration)
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present an enhanced version of the multiwavelength spectral modeling code MAGPHYS that allows the estimation of galaxy photometric redshift and physical properties (e.g., stellar mass, star formation rate, dust attenuation) simultaneously, together with robust characterization of their uncertainties. The self-consistent modeling over ultraviolet to radio wavelengths in MAGPHYS+photo-z is unique compared to standard photometric redshift codes. The broader wavelength consideration is particularly useful for breaking certain degeneracies in color versus redshift for dusty galaxies with limited observer-frame ultraviolet and optical data (or upper limits). We demonstrate the success of the code in estimating redshifts and physical properties for over 4000 infrared-detected galaxies at 0.4 < z < 6.0 in the COSMOS field with robust spectroscopic redshifts. We achieve high photo-z precision (

), high accuracy (i.e., minimal offset biases; median(Δz/(1 + z
spec)) ≲ 0.02), and low catastrophic failure rates (η ≃ 4%) over all redshifts. Interestingly, we find that a weak 2175 Å absorption feature in the attenuation curve models is required to remove a subtle systematic z
phot offset (

) that occurs when this feature is not included. As expected, the accuracy of derived physical properties in MAGPHYS+photo-z decreases strongly as redshift uncertainty increases. The all-in-one treatment of uncertainties afforded with this code is beneficial for accurately interpreting physical properties of galaxies in large photometric data sets. Finally, we emphasize that MAGPHYS+photo-z is not intended to replace existing photo-z codes, but rather offers flexibility to robustly interpret physical properties when spectroscopic redshifts are unavailable. The MAGPHYS+photo-z code is publicly available online.
Interstellar Neutral Helium in the Heliosphere from IBEX Observations. VI. The He+ Density and the Ionization State in the Very Local Interstellar Matter
Authors: Bzowski M. , Czechowski A. , Frisch P. C. , Fuselier S. A. , Galli A. , Grygorczuk J. , Heerikhuisen J. , Kubiak M. A. , Kucharek H. , McComas D. J. , Möbius E. , Schwadron N. A. , Slavin J. , Sokół J. M. , Swaczyna P. , Wurz P. , Zirnstein E. J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Interstellar neutral gas atoms penetrate the heliopause and reach 1 au, where they are detected by Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). The flow of neutral interstellar helium through the perturbed interstellar plasma in the outer heliosheath (OHS) results in the creation of a secondary population of interstellar He atoms, the so-called Warm Breeze, due to charge exchange with perturbed ions. The secondary population brings the imprint of the OHS conditions to the IBEX-Lo instrument. Based on a global simulation of the heliosphere with measurement-based parameters and detailed kinetic simulation of the filtration of He in the OHS, we find the number density of the interstellar He+ population to be (8.98 ± 0.12) × 10−3 cm−3. With this, we obtain the absolute density of interstellar H+ as 5.4 × 10−2 cm−3 and that of electrons as 6.3 × 10−2 cm−3, with ionization degrees of 0.26 for H and 0.37 for He. The results agree with estimates of the parameters of the Very Local Interstellar Matter obtained from fitting the observed spectra of diffuse interstellar EUV and the soft X-ray background.
Measuring the Magnetic Field of Young Stars Using iSHELL Observations: BP Tau and V347 Aur
Authors: Flores C. , Connelley M. S. , Reipurth B. , Boogert A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While it has been suggested that there is a connection between the magnetic properties and the internal structure of young stars, there have not been enough magnetic measurements to firmly establish such a correlation at the earliest ages. Here, we contribute to this endeavor by presenting stellar parameters and magnetic field strength measurements of BP Tau and V347 Aur, both stars observed with the near-infrared spectrograph iSHELL. We first test the accuracy of our method by fitting synthetic stellar spectra to a sample of nine main and post-main-sequence stars. We report uncertainties of

= 91 K in temperature and

= 0.14 in gravity. We then apply the modeling technique to BP Tau and measure a surface magnetic field strength of

=

kG, confirming literature results. For this star, however, we obtain a much lower temperature value than previous optical studies (

K) and interpret this significant temperature difference as due to the relatively higher impact of starspots at near-infrared wavelengths than at optical wavelengths. We further apply this technique to the class I protostellar source V347 Aur and measure for the first time its magnetic field strength

kG and its surface gravity log g = 3.25

. Lastly, we combine our measurements with pre-main-sequence stellar evolutionary models and illustrate the effects produced by starspots on the retrieved masses and ages of young stars.
Forming One of the Most Massive Objects in the Universe: The Quadruple Merger in Abell 1758
Authors: Schellenberger G. , David L. , O’Sullivan E. , Vrtilek J. M. , Haines C. P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The system A1758 is made up of two galaxy clusters, a more massive, northern cluster and a southern cluster. Both parts are undergoing major merger events at different stages. Although the mass of the merger constituents provides enough energy to produce visible shock fronts in the X-ray, none have been found to date. We present detailed temperature and abundance maps based on Chandra ACIS data and identify several candidates for shocks and cold fronts from a smoothed gradient map of the surface brightness. One candidate can be confirmed as the missing shock front in the northern cluster through X-ray spectroscopy. Nonthermal radio emission observed with the GMRT confirms the presence of radio halos in the northern and southern clusters and shows evidence for a relic in the periphery of the southern cluster. We do not find evidence for shocked gas between A1758 N and A1758 S.
Les treize postulats de l’innovation publique : identification et discussion dans le champ de la santé
Authors: Boukamel Owen , Emery Yves 
Published: September 2019

Cet article vise à identifier et discuter les postulats véhiculés par la littérature sur l’innovation dans le secteur public. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux organisations de santé. En se basant sur une revue de la littérature (98 études) sur l’innovation publique, treize postulats – affirmations sans preuve empirique – ont été identifiés. Ils portent sur la désirabilité de l’innovation et sur sa raison d’être (le pourquoi de l’innovation), sur sa nature (le quoi ), sur son contexte (le où et le quand ), et sur ses méthodes de développement (le comment et avec	qui ). Ces postulats se retrouvent dans la plupart des études analysées, que celles-ci soient consacrées au champ de la santé ou non. Or, le champ de la santé présente des spécificités qui mettent en doute la pertinence de ces postulats. C’est pourquoi ces derniers sont discutés à la lumière de ce champ.	Codes JEL : H190
Gouvernance et accompagnement du changement : le cas de la phase expérimentale du Plan Alzheimer du Québec
Authors: Guillette Maxime , Couturier Yves , Moreau Olivier , Gagnon Dominique , Bergman Howard , Vedel Isabelle 
Published: September 2019

Les écrits scientifiques montrent que l’implantation des politiques visant la transformation des systèmes sociosanitaires est souvent freinée en raison d’une forte centralisation de la gouvernance et d’un manque d’accompagnement du changement. Cet article propose une analyse de l’implantation du Plan Alzheimer du Québec, caractérisé par la décentralisation de responsabilités aux acteurs locaux et par la mise en place d’un important dispositif d’accompagnement du changement. L’analyse découle de huit entretiens réalisés auprès d’acteurs ayant exercé des fonctions aux niveaux national et régional, ainsi que 15 focus groups regroupant des cliniciens et des gestionnaires. Les résultats montrent l’importance de la bonne articulation entre les divers paliers de gouvernance et la nécessité de mettre en place des dispositifs d’accompagnement du changement, dès la phase de conception de l’innovation, afin de favoriser l’équilibre entre l’adaptation des changements aux réalités locales et le respect des principes fondamentaux qui guident la politique.	Codes JEL : I80
Vers un management des tensions de gouvernance publique dans les établissements de santé ?
Authors: Mériade Laurent , Rochette Corinne , Talbot Damien 
Published: September 2019

Des tensions de gouvernance publique (TGP) sont, depuis une vingtaine d’années, particulièrement apparentes dans les établissements de santé français. Mazouz, Tardif (2010) ont proposé un cadre explicatif de ces tensions à quatre niveaux d’analyse qui portent sur les institutions, l’organisation, le cadre de gestion et les outils de gestion. En revanche, ce modèle fournit peu d’explications sur la manière dont ces tensions apparaissent. L’objet de cet article est de combler ce manque en cherchant à identifier les facteurs d’apparition, voire de gestion, des TGP dans les établissements de santé en France. Pour cela, nous mobilisons les travaux de l’École de la Proximité qui reposent sur l’affirmation que plus les acteurs sont proches, plus la probabilité qu’ils interagissent est forte. Nous appliquons ces deux cadres d’analyse au cas d’un Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer français. Nos premiers résultats suggèrent des pistes de compréhension de l’apparition de ces tensions à partir de proximités propres aux établissements de santé.	Codes JEL : I1, M1
Innovations en santé, dispositifs expérimentaux et changement social : un renouvellement par le bas de l’action publique locale de santé
Authors: Haschar-Noé Nadine , Basson Jean-Charles 
Published: September 2019

L’évolution des modes d’action publique en santé est réaffirmée dans la loi de 2016 et la Stratégie nationale de santé par la place importante accordée à l’innovation, l’expérimentation-évaluation et la démocratie sanitaire. Lauréate d’un appel à projets du Ministère portant sur l’accompagnement à l’autonomie en santé (2017-2021), La Case de Santé de Toulouse, composée d’un Centre de santé de premier recours et d’un Pôle Santé-Droits, met en œuvre des dispositifs et pratiques de médiation à même de cristalliser les problématiques sociales et sanitaires des populations les plus vulnérables. Les médiateur.trice.s contribuent à construire les conditions favorables à des innovations selon une dynamique ascendante, collective et participative ancrée dans son contexte local et une version démocratique de la santé. Ce faisant, ils.elles combinent une posture professionnelle fondée sur les critères éthiques de la médiation et un positionnement politique à visée de changement social construit sur un retournement de la commande institutionnelle.	Codes JEL : I140
Innovation en santé conduite par les médecins et infirmières : l’approche du design participatif à l’hôpital
Authors: Grosjean Sylvie , Bonneville Luc , Marrast Philippe 
Published: September 2019

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer la manière dont les professionnels de la santé contribuent à la conception d’une technologie en santé et d’identifier les éléments qui soulignent la pertinence d’une approche de design participatif dans ce contexte. Pour cela, notre réflexion prend appui sur un projet de conception d’une technologie en santé par les médecins et les infirmiers/ières qui a pour but de les aider à gérer les surcharges informationnelle, communicationnelle et cognitive à l’hôpital. Nous proposons dans cet article un retour réflexif sur cette approche de design participatif. Pour ce faire, nous examinerons l’engagement des professionnels dans la production d’une analyse de leur activité clinique et de leurs pratiques informationnelles, le tout participant au développement d’une technologie ( Machine Learning ) qui contribuera à réduire les différentes formes de surcharge qu’ils doivent quotidiennement gérer.	Codes JEL : Y800, I190
Le prix de l’innovation : capacités des opérateurs et réception des programmes de lutte contre la sédentarité
Authors: Honta Marina , Illivi Frédéric 
Published: September 2019

Les agents territoriaux de l’administration du ministère des Sports et de celui de la Santé sont chargés de mettre en œuvre le plan « Sport, Santé, Bien-être ». Ciblant les publics éloignés de la pratique et les patients atteints d’affection de longue durée, ces professionnels doivent mobiliser des acteurs locaux afin qu’ils promeuvent de nouveaux services destinés à répondre aux besoins sanitaires non couverts en ce domaine. Les résultats issus de l’enquête menée dans une région française au moyen d’entretiens semi-directifs (87) réalisés auprès des acteurs impliqués dans le déploiement de ce plan de santé publique montrent que cette entreprise consistant à innover n’est en rien évidente. Si l’accord sur les finalités, l’ancrage local et partenarial des projets élaborés et l’existence de règles novatrices en constituent des ressorts indispensables, l’institutionnalisation de l’innovation exige aussi des prestataires qu’ils parviennent à gérer les coûts qu’elle fait émerger.	Codes JEL : I18
L’innovation avec le patient : un renouvellement par le design organisationnel
Authors: Kletz Frédéric , Marcellin Olivier 
Published: September 2019

Dans un contexte de profondes transformations et de recherche d’innovations dans l’organisation du système de santé, la problématique de la place du patient se pose de manière de plus en plus centrale. De multiples travaux se sont développés sur la question, mais rares sont les recherches s’intéressant aux conditions organisationnelles d’intégration des patients dans la construction de solutions innovantes. Or, de nouvelles approches, en rupture par rapport aux approches classiques, commencent à émerger autour, notamment, de la notion de living lab . L’article s’intéresse, à travers l’analyse des fondements théoriques de l’implication des patients et d’une étude de cas, complétée par des éclairages venus d’autres expérimentations, à la façon dont l’invention d’une organisation qui s’alimente du savoir expérientiel des patients peut amener à l’émergence de scénarios innovants pour le système de santé et pour les collectivités en charge de la mise en œuvre de programmes de santé dans les territoires.	Codes JEL : I, O3
Challenges for Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainers During Their Transition to Practice
Authors: Walker Stacy E. , Thrasher Ashley B. , Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , L. Rager Jessica 
Published: September 2019

Context
Understanding the challenges faced by newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) as they transition into clinical practice could assist employers and professional programs in developing initiatives to enhance this transition.

Objective
To explore the challenges faced by newly credentialed ATs during their transition from student to autonomous practitioner.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Individual phone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 34 ATs certified between January and September 2013 participated in this study (18 women, 16 men; age = 24 ± 2 years; work settings = college, secondary school, clinic, and other). Data saturation guided the number of participants.

Data Collection and Analysis
An interview guide was used. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed via phenomenologic reduction, with data coded for common themes and subthemes. Trustworthiness was established via intercoder reliability, member checks, and peer review.

Results
Initially, participants had difficulty making decisions independently. However, making decisions and receiving positive feedback helped them develop confidence. Communication with coaches and parents was challenging, especially for those in the secondary school setting. Participants also experienced role ambiguity, as they were unsure of basic organizational and administrative structures and expectations. Mentor inaccessibility was the final challenge described by respondents. In particular, those in the secondary school setting and with part-time employment felt they did not have a supervisor or mentor whom they could contact for support and guidance.

Conclusions
Professional programs should educate students on potential challenges to help them understand what they might encounter during the transition to clinical practice. Employers should provide clear expectations and job descriptions to alleviate some of the stress and role ambiguity. If a mentor is not provided by the employer, the newly credentialed AT should seek one to assist during the transition.
A retrospective study to assess the risk of bladder cancer in type-2 diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone
Authors: Agrawal Prabhat , Jain Apoorva , Gautam Ashish , Nigam Ashwini Kumar , Pursnani Nikhil , Farooqui Maaz 
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
Pioglitazone has been a cornerstone of oral hypoglycemic therapy. Concerns have been raised about its association with urinary bladder cancer. Considering the wide usage of this drug, concrete and multiple population-based studies are needed to establish the safety of this drug. The present retrospective study is aimed to assess the association of pioglitazone with urinary bladder cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Clinical records of 4170 patients (2085 pioglitazone users and similar number of nonpioglitazone users) attending the diabetes clinic at a tertiary level teaching hospital were accessed, and the patients were subjected to symptom-directed questionnaire, urine examination, and cystoscopy and bladder biopsy (whenever clinically indicated). The risk of bladder cancer was also assessed with respect to cumulative dose and duration of pioglitazone.

Results:
We did not observe any increased risk of bladder malignancy with pioglitazone exposure; furthermore, there was no association with cumulative dose and duration of pioglitazone therapy. Pioglitazone was found to be effective and safe in managing glycemic control in diabetic patients.
Chemotaxonomic patterns of vegetation and soils along altitudinal transects of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, and implications for paleovegetation reconstructions – Part 1: stable isotopes and sugar biomarkers
Authors: Mekonnen Betelhem , Zech Wolfgang , Glaser Bruno , Lemma Bruk , Bromm Tobias , Nemomissa Sileshi , Bekele Tamrat , Zech Michael 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Today, on the Sanetti Plateau in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, only fragmented patches of Erica species can be found at high altitudes (between 3900 and 4200 m a.s.l.). However, it is hypothesized that during the later part of the last glacial period and the early Holocene the plateau was extensively covered by Erica shrubs. Furthermore, it is assumed that the vegetation was later heavily destroyed by human-induced fire and/or climate change phenomena. The objective of this study is to contribute to paleovegetation reconstructions of the Sanetti Plateau by evaluating the potential of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and sugar biomarkers for distinguishing the dominant plant species, including Erica, and the soils below the plants. In a companion paper (Lemma et al., 2019a) we address the same issue by evaluating lignin-derived phenols and leaf-wax-derived n-alkane biomarkers. The stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of the plant samples range from −27.5  ‰ to −23.9  ‰ and −4.8  ‰ to 5.1  ‰, respectively. We found no significant δ13C and δ15N differences between the dominant plant species. Mineral topsoils (Ah horizons) yielded more positive values than plant samples and organic layers (O layers), which reflects mineralization processes. Moreover, the δ15N values became generally more negative at higher altitudes. This likely indicates that the N cycle is more closed compared to lower altitudes. δ15N maxima around 4000 m a.s.l. point to fire-induced opening of the N cycle at the chosen study sites. Erica species yielded the lowest overall total sugar concentration (ranging from 58 to 118 mg g−1), dominated by galactose (G) and mannose (M). By contrast, Festuca species revealed much higher total sugar concentrations ranging from 104 to 253 mg g−1, dominated by the pentose sugars arabinose (A) and xylose (X). Although a differentiation between Erica versus Festuca, Alchemilla and Helichrysum is possible based on (G + M) ∕ (A + X) ratios, Erica cannot be unambiguously distinguished from all other plant species occurring on the Sanetti Plateau. In addition, plant-characteristic (G + M) ∕ (A + X) sugar patterns change during soil organic matter formation in the Ah horizons. This can be likely attributed to degradation effects and soil microbial build-up of galactose and mannose. In conclusion, soil degradation processes seem to render sugar biomarker proxies unusable for the reconstruction of the past extent of Erica on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. This finding is of relevance beyond our case study.