bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of self-medication behaviour in mammals
Authors: Neco Lucia C , Abelson Eric S , Brown Asia , Natterson-Horowitz Barbara , Blumstein Daniel T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Self-medication behaviour is the use of natural materials or chemical substances to manipulate behaviour or alter the body’s response to parasites or pathogens. Self-medication can be preventive, performed before an individual becomes infected or diseased, and/or therapeutic, performed after an individual becomes infected or diseased. We summarized all available reports of self-medication in mammals and reconstructed its evolution. We found that reports of self-medication were restricted to eutherian mammals and evolved at least four times independently. Self-medication was most commonly reported in primates. Detailed analyses of primates suggest that self-medication is a life-history trait associated with body size, absolute brain size and longevity, but we found no support for the hypothesis that self-medication evolved to reduce the costs of social living. Large, longer-lived species might thus benefit uniquely from self-medication.
The Effect of Calcium Buffering and Calcium Sensor Type on the Sensitivity of an Array-Based Bitter Receptor Screening Assay
Authors: Roelse Margriet , Wehrens Ron , Henquet Maurice Gl , Witkamp Renger F , Hall Robert D , Jongsma Maarten A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe genetically encoded calcium sensor protein Cameleon YC3.6 has previously been applied for functional G protein–coupled receptor screening using receptor cell arrays. However, different types of sensors are available, with a wide range in [Ca2+] sensitivity, Hill coefficients, calcium binding domains, and fluorophores, which could potentially improve the performance of the assay. Here, we compared the responses of 3 structurally different calcium sensor proteins (Cameleon YC3.6, Nano140, and Twitch2B) simultaneously, on a single chip, at different cytosolic expression levels and in combination with 2 different bitter receptors, TAS2R8 and TAS2R14. Sensor concentrations were modified by varying the amount of calcium sensor DNA that was printed on the DNA arrays prior to reverse transfection. We found that ~2-fold lower concentrations of calcium sensor protein, by transfecting 4 times less sensor-coding DNA, resulted in more sensitive bitter responses. The best results were obtained with Twitch2B, where, relative to YC3.6 at the default DNA concentration, a 4-fold lower DNA concentration increased sensitivity 60-fold and signal strength 5- to 10-fold. Next, we compared the performance of YC3.6 and Twitch2B against an array with 11 different bitter taste receptors. We observed a 2- to 8-fold increase in sensitivity using Twitch2B compared with YC3.6. The bitter receptor arrays contained 300 spots and could be exposed to a series of 18 injections within 1 h resulting in 5400 measurements. These optimized sensor conditions provide a basis for enhancing receptomics calcium assays for receptors with poor Ca2+ signaling and will benefit future high-throughput receptomics experiments.
Isolation and purification of four phenolic glycoside isomers from the leaves of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. by high-speed counter-current chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Huang Lei , Peng Tong , Li Yu , Zhang Shiyan , Xiao Shiji , Lu Qiuxia , Chen Fang , Tang Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe established an efficient method using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) for isolating and purifying phenolic glycoside isomers. The method involves a rapid and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-under voltage(UPLC-UV) technique using a sub-2 μm core–shell particle column for qualitative and quantitative analysis of four phenolic glycoside isomers from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. leaves. The partially purified samples from ethyl acetate extraction of ethanol extracts of I. polycarpa Maxim. leaves were obtained by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water solution (3:5:3:5, v/v/v/v) to obtain fractions I and II, which contain two phenolic glycoside isomers. The two fractions were further isolated by prep-HPLC to yield compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 with purities of 98.29%, 98.71%, 98.49% and 98.52%, and total recoveries of 93.5%, 72.2%, 75.5% and 88.3%, respectively. Compound 1 was first isolated from I. polycarpa Maxim., while compound 2 was reported to be a new phenolic glycoside, which is 1-[(6′-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-oxy-2-phenol. The chemical structures of the four phenolic glycoside isomers were analyzed and confirmed by UPLC, UV, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectra. This study opens prospects for broad industrial applications of HSCCC/prep-HPLC for the isolation and purification of isomers.
On the necessity of money in an exchange-constituted economy: the cases of Smith and Marx
Authors: Weber Isabella M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe debate over theories of the nature of money has recently been revisited in this Journal. This paper shifts the focus from the stuff that is being positioned as money to the social totality. Credit theorists claim that commodity theories of money imply monetary neutrality and a primacy of real analysis. In contrast, this paper argues based on Marx and Smith that, independently of whether money is a commodity or credit, the necessity of money depends on the constitution of the economy in terms of the relation between production and circulation. If social production is constituted through the exchange between private specialised producers, money is not neutral but essential. For Smith, real analysis is nevertheless meaningful, in that, he treats the spheres of exchange and production separately. By contrast, Marx exposes real analysis as commodity fetishism and stresses the mutually constitutive social relations between money, commodity exchange and capitalist production.
Tropoelastin: an in vivo imaging marker of dysfunctional matrix turnover during abdominal aortic dilation
Authors: Lavin Begoña , Lacerda Sara , Andia Marcelo E , Lorrio Silvia , Bakewell Robert , Smith Alberto , Rashid Imran , Botnar René M , Phinikaridou Alkystis 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Dysfunctional matrix turnover is present at sites of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and leads to the accumulation of monomeric tropoelastin rather than cross-linked elastin. We used a gadolinium-based tropoelastin-specific magnetic resonance contrast agent (Gd-TESMA) to test whether quantifying regional tropoelastin turnover correlates with aortic expansion in a murine model. The binding of Gd-TESMA to excised human AAA was also assessed.

Methods and results
We utilized the angiotensin II (Ang II)-infused apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE−/−) murine model of aortic dilation and performed in vivo imaging of tropoelastin by administering Gd-TESMA followed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1 mapping at 3 T, with subsequent ex vivo validation. In a cross-sectional study (n = 66; control = 11, infused = 55) we found that Gd-TESMA enhanced MRI was elevated and confined to dilated aortic segments (control: LGE=0.13 ± 0.04 mm2, control R1= 1.1 ± 0.05 s−1 vs. dilated LGE =1.0 ± 0.4 mm2, dilated R1 =2.4 ± 0.9 s−1) and was greater in segments with medium (8.0 ± 3.8 mm3) and large (10.4 ± 4.1 mm3) compared to small (3.6 ± 2.1 mm3) vessel volume. Furthermore, a proof-of-principle longitudinal study (n = 19) using Gd-TESMA enhanced MRI demonstrated a greater proportion of tropoelastin: elastin expression in dilating compared to non-dilating aortas, which correlated with the rate of aortic expansion. Treatment with pravastatin and aspirin (n = 10) did not reduce tropoelastin turnover (0.87 ± 0.3 mm2 vs. 1.0 ± 0.44 mm2) or aortic dilation (4.86 ± 2.44 mm3 vs. 4.0 ± 3.6 mm3). Importantly, Gd-TESMA-enhanced MRI identified accumulation of tropoelastin in excised human aneurysmal tissue (n = 4), which was confirmed histologically.

Conclusion
Tropoelastin MRI identifies dysfunctional matrix remodelling that is specifically expressed in regions of aortic aneurysm or dissection and correlates with the development and rate of aortic expansion. Thus, it may provide an additive imaging marker to the serial assessment of luminal diameter for surveillance of patients at risk of or with established aortopathy.
HAND1 loss-of-function within the embryonic myocardium reveals survivable congenital cardiac defects and adult heart failure
Authors: Firulli Beth A , George Rajani M , Harkin Jade , Toolan Kevin P , Gao Hongyu , Liu Yunlong , Zhang Wenjun , Field Loren J , Liu Ying , Shou Weinian , Payne Ronald Mark , Rubart-von der Lohe Michael , Firulli Anthony B 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine the role of the basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor HAND1 in embryonic and adult myocardium.Methods and resultsHand1 is expressed within the cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle (LV) and myocardial cuff between embryonic days (E) 9.5–13.5. Hand gene dosage plays an important role in ventricular morphology and the contribution of Hand1 to congenital heart defects requires further interrogation. Conditional ablation of Hand1 was carried out using either Nkx2.5 knockin Cre (Nkx2.5Cre) or α-myosin heavy chain Cre (αMhc-Cre) driver. Interrogation of transcriptome data via ingenuity pathway analysis reveals several gene regulatory pathways disrupted including translation and cardiac hypertrophy-related pathways. Embryo and adult hearts were subjected to histological, functional, and molecular analyses. Myocardial deletion of Hand1 results in morphological defects that include cardiac conduction system defects, survivable interventricular septal defects, and abnormal LV papillary muscles (PMs). Resulting Hand1 conditional mutants are born at Mendelian frequencies; but the morphological alterations acquired during cardiac development result in, the mice developing diastolic heart failure.ConclusionCollectively, these data reveal that HAND1 contributes to the morphogenic patterning and maturation of cardiomyocytes during embryogenesis and although survivable, indicates a role for Hand1 within the developing conduction system and PM development.
Robotic versus laparoscopic approach to treat symptomatic achalasia: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Milone M , Manigrasso M , Vertaldi S , Velotti N , Aprea G , Maione F , Gennarelli N , De Simone G , De Conno B , Pesce M , Sarnelli G , De Palma G D 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
Minimally invasive Heller myotomy is considered the gold standard surgical approach for symptomatic achalasia because it is a safe and effective procedure. Over the last years, several studies comparing the laparoscopic and robotic approach for Heller myotomy have been published. Although the robotic approach appears to have some advantages over standard laparoscopy, data on this topic are still controversial and no definite conclusions have been drawn. This metanalysis has been designed to systematically evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of the robot-assisted Heller myotomy as compared to the standard laparoscopic approach. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search on both laparoscopic and robotic Heller myotomy was performed in all the major electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE), using the following search string: (achalasia OR Dor) AND robotic. Six articles were included in the final analysis. A metaregression analysis was performed to assess the possible effects of demographic variables (age, gender, body mass indes (BMI)) and previous abdominal surgery or endoscopic intervention on the analyzed outcomes. No statistical difference was observed in operative times (mean difference (MD) = 20.79, P = 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) −10.05,51,62), estimated blood loss (MD = −17.10, P = 0.13, 95% CI −40.48,5.08), conversion rate to open surgery (risk difference (RD) = −0.01, P = 0.33, 95% CI −0.05,0.02), length of hospital stay (MD = −0.73, P = 0.15, 95% CI −1.71,0.25) and long-term recurrence (odds ratio (OR) = 0.59, P = 0.45, 95% CI 0.15,2.33). On the contrary, the robotic approach was found to be associated with a significantly significant lower rate of intraoperative esophageal perforations (OR = 0.13, P &lt; 0.001, 95% CI 0.04, 0.45). Our results suggest that the robotic approach is safer than the laparoscopic Heller myotomy, encouraging the use of robot-assisted surgery. However, our analysis is limited because of the exiguous number of comparative studies and because most of the included studies were statistically underpowered, given the small sample size. Moreover, a high degree of heterogeneity was observed in most of published studies. Taking in consideration the additional costs of robot-assisted procedures, larger Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are advocated to confirm the safety and effectiveness of the robotic approach, and its advantages over standard laparoscopic surgery. In conclusion, well-designed prospective trials and RCTs with homogeneous parameters are needed to draw definitive conclusions about the best surgical approach to pursue in treating symptomatic achalasia.
Perceiving the sea and crossing senses in La Chambre and La Vie tranquille
Authors: Reynolds Dee 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
La Chambre (1988) is a short dance film by Compagnie l’Esquisse, which cites Marguerite Duras’s novel La Vie tranquille (1944). In La Chambre, the sea is not seen, but is present across different senses and in the dancers’ movements, as well as in the quotation from Duras’s novel with which the film opens, which contains the sentence: ‘J’ai pensé à la mer que je ne connaissais pas.’ I argue that in both the novel and the film, the sea is sensed across different modalities that influence one another. Whereas in the novel ‘sensory crossings’ are produced by interactions between the lexical fields of words, in the film they occur when stimuli are presented in ways that invite viewers to make cross-sensory connections. Cross-modality of the senses can make us aware of the reciprocal action of one sensory mode on another and intensify affective charge.
Molecular Chaperones Accelerate the Evolution of Their Protein Clients in Yeast
Authors: Alvarez-Ponce David , Aguilar-Rodríguez José , Fares Mario A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein stability is a major constraint on protein evolution. Molecular chaperones, also known as heat-shock proteins, can relax this constraint and promote protein evolution by diminishing the deleterious effect of mutations on protein stability and folding. This effect, however, has only been stablished for a few chaperones. Here, we use a comprehensive chaperone–protein interaction network to study the effect of all yeast chaperones on the evolution of their protein substrates, that is, their clients. In particular, we analyze how yeast chaperones affect the evolutionary rates of their clients at two very different evolutionary time scales. We first study the effect of chaperone-mediated folding on protein evolution over the evolutionary divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. paradoxus. We then test whether yeast chaperones have left a similar signature on the patterns of standing genetic variation found in modern wild and domesticated strains of S. cerevisiae. We find that genes encoding chaperone clients have diverged faster than genes encoding non-client proteins when controlling for their number of protein–protein interactions. We also find that genes encoding client proteins have accumulated more intraspecific genetic diversity than those encoding non-client proteins. In a number of multivariate analyses, controlling by other well-known factors that affect protein evolution, we find that chaperone dependence explains the largest fraction of the observed variance in the rate of evolution at both evolutionary time scales. Chaperones affecting rates of protein evolution mostly belong to two major chaperone families: Hsp70s and Hsp90s. Our analyses show that protein chaperones, by virtue of their ability to buffer destabilizing mutations and their role in modulating protein genotype–phenotype maps, have a considerable accelerating effect on protein evolution.
Monitoring of immunoglobulin N- and O-glycosylation in health and disease
Authors: de Haan Noortje , Falck David , Wuhrer Manfred 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein N- and O-glycosylation are well known co- and post-translational modifications of immunoglobulins. Antibody glycosylation on the Fab and Fc portion is known to influence antigen binding and effector functions, respectively. To study associations between antibody glycosylation profiles and (patho) physiological states as well as antibody functionality, advanced technologies and methods are required. In-depth structural characterization of antibody glycosylation usually relies on the separation and tandem mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of released glycans. Protein- and site-specific information, on the other hand, may be obtained by the MS analysis of glycopeptides. With the development of high-resolution mass spectrometers, antibody glycosylation analysis at the intact or middle-up level has gained more interest, providing an integrated view of different post-translational modifications (including glycosylation). Alongside the in-depth methods, there is also great interest in robust, high-throughput techniques for routine glycosylation profiling in biopharma and clinical laboratories. With an emphasis on IgG Fc glycosylation, several highly robust separation-based techniques are employed for this purpose. In this review, we describe recent advances in MS methods, separation techniques and orthogonal approaches for the characterization of immunoglobulin glycosylation in different settings. We put emphasis on the current status and expected developments of antibody glycosylation analysis in biomedical, biopharmaceutical and clinical research.
Treatment-Specific Composition of the Gut Microbiota Is Associated With Disease Remission in a Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Cohort
Authors: Sprockett Daniel , Fischer Natalie , Boneh Rotem Sigall , Turner Dan , Kierkus Jarek , Sladek Malgorzata , Escher Johanna C , Wine Eytan , Yerushalmi Baruch , Dias Jorge Amil , Shaoul Ron , Kori Michal , Snapper Scott B , Holmes Susan , Bousvaros Athos , Levine Arie , Relman David A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The beneficial effects of antibiotics in Crohn’s disease (CD) depend in part on the gut microbiota but are inadequately understood. We investigated the impact of metronidazole (MET) and metronidazole plus azithromycin (MET+AZ) on the microbiota in pediatric CD and the use of microbiota features as classifiers or predictors of disease remission.

Methods
16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling was performed on stool samples from 67 patients in a multinational, randomized, controlled, longitudinal, 12-week trial of MET vs MET+AZ in children with mild to moderate CD. Profiles were analyzed together with disease activity, and then used to construct random forest models to classify remission or predict treatment response.

Results
Both MET and MET+AZ significantly decreased diversity of the microbiota and caused large treatment-specific shifts in microbiota structure at week 4. Disease remission was associated with a treatment-specific microbiota configuration. Random forest models constructed from microbiota profiles before and during antibiotic treatment with metronidazole accurately classified disease remission in this treatment group (area under the curve [AUC], 0.879; 95% confidence interval, 0.683–0.9877; sensitivity, 0.7778; specificity, 1.000; P &lt; 0.001). A random forest model trained on pre-antibiotic microbiota profiles predicted disease remission at week 4 with modest accuracy (AUC, 0.8; P = 0.24).

Conclusions
MET and MET+AZ antibiotic regimens in pediatric CD lead to distinct gut microbiota structures at remission. It may be possible to classify and predict remission based in part on microbiota profiles, but larger cohorts will be needed to realize this goal.
The ecology of infrastructure decommissioning in the North Sea: what we need to know and how to achieve it
Authors: Fowler A M , Jørgensen A -M , Coolen J W P , Jones D O B , Svendsen J C , Brabant R , Rumes B , Degraer S 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs decommissioning of oil and gas (O&G) installations intensifies in the North Sea, and worldwide, debate rages regarding the fate of these novel habitats and their associated biota—a debate that has important implications for future decommissioning of offshore wind farms (OWFs). Calls to relax complete removal requirements in some circumstances and allow part of an O&G installation to be left in the marine environment are increasing. Yet knowledge regarding the biological communities that develop on these structures and their ecological role in the North Sea is currently insufficient to inform such decommissioning decisions. To focus debate regarding decommissioning policy and guide ecological research, we review environmental policy objectives in the region, summarize existing knowledge regarding ecological aspects of decommissioning for both O&G and OWF installations, and identify approaches to address knowledge gaps through science–industry collaboration. We find that in some cases complete removal will conflict with other policies regarding protection and restoration of reefs, as well as the conservation of species within the region. Key ecological considerations that are rarely considered during decommissioning decisions are: (i) provision of reef habitat, (ii) productivity of offshore ecosystems, (iii) enhancement of biodiversity, (iv) protection of the seabed from trawling, and (v) enhancement of connectivity. Knowledge gaps within these areas will best be addressed using industry infrastructure and vessels for scientific investigations, re-analysis of historical data held by industry, scientific training of industry personnel, joint research funding opportunities, and trial decommissioning projects.
Contact Dual Pairs
Authors: Monica Blaga Adara , Amelia Salazar Maria , Giuseppe Tortorella Alfonso , Vizman Cornelia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We introduce and study the notion of contact dual pair adopting a line bundle approach to contact and Jacobi geometry. A contact dual pair is a pair of Jacobi morphisms defined on the same contact manifold and satisfying a certain orthogonality condition. Contact groupoids and contact reduction are the main sources of examples. Among other properties, we prove the characteristic leaf correspondence theorem for contact dual pairs that parallels the analogous result of Weinstein for symplectic dual pairs.