bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Il Tumore Filloide Della Mammella: (Cistosarcoma Filloide di J. Muller)
Authors: Lomonaco F. 
Published: April 2018

The pathologic-anatomical and clinical aspects of the phyllode tumour of the breast (cystosarcoma of J. Muller) are illustrated. In order to avoid any confusion and doubt on the real nature of this neoplasm, it would be wise to reject the definition « cystosarcoma » which is still frequently employed: the term « phyllode tumour » which has the merit of establishing only the most manifest morphological character of the neoplasm is proposed. The exceptional growth is one of the peculiarities generally ascribed to this tumour; this is only partially true, for the observation of cases with moderate size are becoming more and more frequent. The essential histological picture reminds that of the intracanalicular fibroadenoma, from which it diverges, however, owing to the pseudosarcomatous aspects responsible for the wrong definition of the tumour, and to the myxoid appearance. The pseudosarcomatous aspects do not necessarily indicate, by themselves, a character of malignancy of the neoplasm; this may, therefore, be grouped among breast tumours with benign characters, as confirmed by the observation of late results in the treated cases. A correct treatment of the phyllode tumour should, therefore, be limited to the tumour exeresis, without radical removal of the breast; only in cases showing a particular tumour growth a simple mastectomy is required. The personal observation of 21 cases collected at the Cancer Institute of Milan from 1940 to 1958 has largely confirmed the remarks above reported, especially as concerns the moderate size reached by the tumours, the pseudosarcomatous aspects and the characters of absolute clinical benignity.
Chemioterapia Del Carcinoma Della Mammella Con Trietilenetiofosforamide
Authors: Peracchia A. , Fesani F. 
Published: April 2018

15 patients affected with advanced mammary carcinoma have been treated with triethylene-thio-phosphoramide (Thio-Tepa). The drug, which has practically no damaging side-effects at the doses employed, allows, in the majority of the cases, considerable improvements; in some patients a regression of the neoplastic lesions (especially lymphoglandular and pleuro-pulmonary) has been obtained. Favourable results, especially with regard to the duration, have been obtained by the association of chemotherapy and endocrino-surgical operations. The reasons for the use of Thio-Tepa in 14 patients during the intervention of breast removal and in the days immediately following it, are presented and discussed.
Studio Delle Sostanze Di Origine Tumorale Ad Azione Inibente Sulla Catalasi Epatica « in Vivo » : Nota 4 - Sostanze attive dializzabili
Authors: Ceriotti G. , Spandrio L. , Agradi A. 
Published: April 2018

The dialysable fraction of ascitic fluids, that depresses liver catalase activity, has been studied. This fraction was extracted from ascitic fluids (from cancer patients with peritoneal spread, from cirrhotic patients and from mice bearing' sarcoma 180), after various treatments, by n-butanol at pH 10. It proved to be adsorbed to globulins and to confer them their anticatalasic activity. A chromatographic analysis of the very active material demonstrated its complexity and the plurality of the inhibiting substances. The extreme lability of these factors has, until now, prevented their isolation in a pure state. When degraded, their activity is partially restored by reducing agents. On the basis of several data, it is supposed that they are basic polypeptides with SH and phenolic OH groups, and that they are bound, in the ascitic fluid, to a protein support, probably of glubulinic type.
L'ovarosurrenectomia E La Radiosiderazione Ipofisaria Nel Cancro Metastatizzato Della Mammella: Considerazioni Sul Comportamento Degli Steroidi Urinari
Authors: Catania V. C. , Lado P. 
Published: April 2018

In patients bearing disseminate metastases from breast cancer, treated by bilateral oophorectomy or hypophyseal radiosideration with Au198 or with Y90, the urinary elimination of 17-ketosteroids (60 cases), of corticosteroids (39 cases) and phenolsteroids (39 cases) has been studied. The methods employed (Drekter's method for 17-ketosteroids, Heard, Sobel and Venning's method for corticosteroids, Jayle and Crepy's method for phenolsteroids) showed, in agreement with results by other investigators, the persistence of 17-ketosteroids and phenolsteroids elimination, even after interventions carried out for abolishing or eliminating the normal sources of production. A comparison between elimination values for these two hormone groups and clinical response to endocrinosurgical treatment did not demonstrate a clear relationship between the residual production of such hormones and the subsequent evolution of the neoplastic process. However, in the patients treated with Au198, a better clinical result was found to be related to a more marked inhibition of the elimination values of urinary 17-ketosteroids.
Osservazioni Sul Tasso Serico Di Alcuni Enzimi E Sulle Sue Modificazioni in Rapporto Alla Terapia Radiante, in Pazienti Affetti Da Neoplasie Maligne
Authors: Baroncelli G. , Bendiscioli G. 
Published: April 2018

Serum enzyme activities (aldolase, lacticodehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) have been studied in patients bearing malignant tumours, and their modification after radiotherapy has been followed. It was concluded that: 1) In 109 tumour-bearing patients the aldolase was increased in the 68.8 per cent of the cases; the LDH in the 51.3 per cent. Such increase, which is scarcely influenced by the tumour nature and site (except for the tumours of the digestive apparatus, with paranormal values, and liver tumours, with very high values), is particularly depending on the tumour extent and spread. 2) The glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases did not undergo significant changes in patients bearing extrahepatic tumours. 3) In subjects showing no established tumours, the radiotherapy did not induce significant enzyme modifications. 4) In 75 cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, the enzyme activities showed some modifications; these, however, cannot be considered as clinically significant, being neither constant nor uniform. Independently of the radiation dose administered and of the duration of the therapy, an improvement has been accompanied by a return to normal of the enzyme activities, whereas a further growth of the tumour was paralleled by an enzyme increase. It is therefore assumed that the dosage of serum enzyme activities may give valuable indications for the good or bad result of the radiating treatment.
Subcutaneous Carcinogenesis by Implants and by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene
Authors: Tomatis Lorenzo 
Published: April 2018

The effects of the combined administration of urethan or Trypan Blue to the s.c. injection of 7,12-dymethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were investigated. The repeated administration of Trypan Blue resulted in a marked inhibition of sarcomas arising around Teflon disc implanted s.c. It was thus confirmed, in a different strain of mice, the result of a previous experiment, where Trypan Blue was shown to exert an inhibiting action on the sarcoma production by glass fragments implanted subcutaneously. No consistent inhibiting action of Trypan Blue on the sarcoma production by DMBA could be demonstrated. Urethan administered before, concurrently or at various time after DMBA administration had no apparent effect on the incidence of sarcomas induced by DMBA. In a previous experiment urethan was showed to enhance the incidence of sarcomas arising around Teflon films.
Conditions Affecting the Inhibitory Action of RLP on Radiation Leukaemogenesis in Mice
Authors: Bekenblum I. , Trainin N. , Cividalli G. , Boiato-Chen Louise , Knyszynski Ahuva 
Published: April 2018

The inhibitory effect of RLP (a cell-free extract derived from sheep spleen) on radiation leukaemogenesis in mice, was studied under different biological conditions, in order to determine the limitations and specificity of its action. For inhibition of radiation leukaemogenesis (lymphatic, thymic, type) in C57BL/6/Jax mice, the RLP injections were required to be given repeatedly — at least 4 times for demonstrable effect, and 10 times for optimal effect — the treatment begun about 1 hour after irradiation. Weaker effects were obtained when the treatment was begun 24 hours after irradiation, and no inhibition when the injections were given before the start of the radiation treatment, or begun 2 weeks after its completion. In irradiated RF mice, RLP inhibited the induction of lymphatic (thymic) leukaemia, while that of myelogenous leukaemia appeared to be augmented. RLP failed to inhibit the spontaneous development of the lymphatic (thymic) leukaemia in AKR mice. The results support the conclusion that the inhibitory action of RLP is an anti-radiation effect with respect to leukaemogenesis, rather than an antagonism against the leukaemogenic process proper.
Natural Oestrogens and the Safe Level of Oestrogen Intake
Authors: Boyland E. 
Published: April 2018

Several substances with oestrogenic activity occur in many different species of plants. More assays of oestrogenic activity of food products should be carried out so that the oestrogen intake of different populations can be assessed. Some women with mammary cancer benefit from the operations of oophorectomy and adrenalectomy. The benefit is probably due to the removal of small amounts of oestrogens that are sufficient for the growth of hormone-dependent tumours. The data indicate that microgram (μg) quantities of oestrogen may facilitate the growth of cancer of the breast. These amounts of oestrogens may therefore present a hazard to post menopausal women. The administration of oestrogens to cattle, sheep or poultry increases the rate of growth and efficiency of food utilisation. If the hormone is added to food and withdrawn a week before slaughter no oestrogen appears to be present in the meat. The meat and liver of chickens in which oestrogen pellets have been implanted, however, contain amounts of oestrogen that could also facilitate the growth of otherwise dormant hormone dependent tumours.
A Coagulation Study in Patients with Neuroblastoma
Authors: Girolami Antonio 
Published: April 2018

The results of a coagulation study in 22 patients with disseminated neuroblastoma are reported. The most frequent changes observed were: thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia and increased fibrinolytic (activator) activity; an occasional decrease in the prothrombin complex factors was also found. All patients had a normal factor VIII level. One patient had a severe fibrinolytic purpura. The significance of these findings is discussed. A coagulation workup seems indicated in all patients with neuroblastoma who show a bleeding tendency. A well controlled hemostatic balance may allow in fact a more aggressive therapeutic approach.
A Transplantable Adenocarcinoma of Salivary Glands of the Mouse
Authors: Caputo Antonio , Floridi Aristide 
Published: April 2018

The properties of a new spontaneous tumor originating from the salivary gland of a C3H/He mouse were studied. The three different morphological patterns (adenocystic carcinoma, solid carcinoma and anaplastic adenocarcinoma), which concomitantly occured in the tumor, correspond to an ascending order of malignancy and indicate that the cells of the intercalated duct of the gland might be involved in the histogenesis. It has been observed that this new tumor retains its original characteristics when transplanted in syngeneic hosts after 153 serial transplant generations. No growth was observed in allogeneic hosts, the random-bred Swiss mice. The conversion of the solid tumor in to the ascites form was definitely not successful, even if the recipient mice were conditioned with X-rays and cortisone. Conditioning promoted the production of metastases in the lymphnodes and lungs.
Comparative Morphogenesis of Malignant Skin Melanoma
Authors: Blinova Galina A. 
Published: April 2018

A study of the histogenesis of 276 malignant skin melanomas (including 70 early stage cases) has shown that the outward appearance of the tumor depends on its origin and that different histogenetic types of malignant skin melanoma have different prognoses. Malignant skin melanomas originating from junctional melanoblasts are characterized by a more favorable course, while those originating in the derma from intradermal, neurinomatous and blue nevus cells usually have a poor prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma of the Body and Tail of the Pancreas: Is There Room for Adjuvant Radiotherapy?
Authors: Coquard Régis , Ayzac Louis , Romestaing Pascale , Ardiet Jean-Michel , Sentenac Irénée , Gilly François-Noël , Braillon Georges , Gérard Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Few long-term survivors have been reported in the literature. The role of adjuvant treatment after curative resection has not yet been assessed. This retrospective study aims to describe the patterns of failure and the survival of 10 patients treated with resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. Materials and methods from 1982 to June 1994, 10 patients with adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas received adjuvant radiotherapy in our department. There were 4 females and 6 males, with a median age of 63 years (range, 45–77). The pT distribution was 2 pT1, 4 pT2, 4 pT3 and for pN it was 7 pN0 and 3 pN1. Four patients had stage I, 3 stage II and 3 stage III disease. All the patients underwent a resection: distal pancreatectomy in 7, partial resection of the body in 1, and total pancreatectomy in 2. Gross residual disease was present in 2 cases. Three patients received intraoperative radiotherapy up to a dose of 12–15 Gy. Postoperative radiotherapy was given in 9 patients with a dose ranging from 40 to 50 Gy (median, 45). One patient who received intraoperative radiotherapy had no postoperative radiotherapy. In 4 patients, chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil was given during the first week of irradiation. Results Six patients experienced a local-regional relapse and 3 developed metastases. The median survival was 21 months. The 5-year overall survival was 15%. Eight patients died of progressive disease. One patient who presented with stage I disease was alive and free of disease at 24 months from diagnosis and, interestingly, one with stage III disease was alive at 111 months. No severe treatment-related complications were observed. Conclusions As in carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered as an adjuvant treatment of resected adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. Further evaluation is necessary to assess the role of intraoperative radiotherapy.
Melanoma of the External Ear
Authors: Bono Aldo , Bartoli Cesare , Maurichi Andrea , Moglia Daniele , Tragni Gabrina 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Melanoma of the external ear is a rare disease, and its management is controversial. To address this problem, we reviewed the data concerning the patients observed at our Institution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of the 20 patients bearing primary ear melanoma observed over a period of about 20 years at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. Results Initial evaluation of the patients revealed 7 stage I, 12 stage II and 1 stage III. The thickness of the tumors varied from 0.39 to 6.62 mm. Fourteen patients underwent a wedge resection of the skin and cartilage with primary closure, and 6 patients had a partial amputation of the ear. In 8 cases the section was performed at about 1 cm from the border of the tumor, in 6 cases at about 0.5 cm, and in 6 cases at more than 1 cm. The average follow-up was 57 months (range, 1-18 years). Since there was no local recurrence, it could not be related to type and extent of the local resection performed. In contrast, the development of metastases was related to tumor thickness. Conclusions A conservative excision with margins of 1 cm can be a safe procedure for invasive ear melanoma, irrespective of tumor thickness. Like melanomas of other sites, the prognosis is linked to the thickness of the tumor.
Mitomycin C and Vinorelbine in Pretreated Breast Cancer
Authors: Colleoni Marco , Manente Paolo , Stocker Joan , Amor Herbert , Lamon Stefano , Nelli Patrizia , Vicario Giovanni , Sgarbossa Gigliola , Graiff Claudio 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Vinorelbine, a new semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid, has demonstrated high activity as a single agent in pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Patients and methods To evaluate the activity of the combination vinorelbine-mitomycin C and to reduce the incidence of side effects, in particular myelotoxicity, patients with metastatic breast cancer pretreated with 1 or more chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease were treated according to the following schedule: mitomycin C, 10 mg/m2 day 1, and vinorelbine, 25 mg/m2, days 1, 8 and 15, every 28 days. Results Twenty-seven patients were enrolled and were evaluable for activity and side effects. A total of 157 cycles were delivered (median 5 cycles per patient). There were 10 partial remissions (37%; 95% confidence interval 20-59%), 5 instances of stable disease and 12 of disease progression. Grade III-IV toxicity was mostly hematological and included thrombocytopenia (4%) and neutropenia (42%). Conclusion Our results indicate that the combination of mitomycin C and vinorelbine has moderate activity in pretreated breast cancer.
Gallium-67 as a Tumor-seeking Agent in Lymphomas - a Review
Authors: Draisma Annelies , Maffioli Lorenzo , Gasparini Massimo , Savelli Giordano , Pauwels Ernest , Bombardieri Emilio 
Published: April 2018

Background At present 67Ga can be considered one of the most widely used viability radiotracers. There is general consensus in the literature that 67Ga has the highest clinical value in the management of lymphoma patients. Methods We critically discuss the role of gallium scintigraphy in lymphoma patients on the basis of the experience of the Nuclear Medicine Division at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Results and Conclusions The sensitivity of gallium scan is very high (80-90%) in the staging and follow-up of Hodgkin's disease, and the method is also of great importance in the follow-up of lymphoma patients. We recommend scintigraphy to study the residual mediastinal mass after treatment. Our experiences during the follow-up of 189 lymphoma patients clearly showed the superior performance of gallium scan compared to MRI in the study of the mediastinal region after treatment. Sensitivity and specificity were both very high (90% and 96.9% vs 88.7% and 89.2%, respectively). Gallium scintigraphy can also be used to study the disease-free interval, posttreatment survival, early signs of recurrence and treatment response times. Comparison of the survival curves of 33 patients with diffuse large cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma examined at the National Cancer Institute showed a statistically significant difference (logrank test, P=0.0125) between patients with positive and those with negative gallium scan after 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy.
Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy for Inoperable Cholangiocarcinoma of the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Authors: Milella Marco , Salvetti Monica , Cerrotta Annamaria , Cozzi Guido , Uslenghi Elisabetta , Tavola Anna , Gardani Gianstefano , Severini Aldo 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background To evaluate the effectiveness of external radiation therapy (ERT), alone or combined with endoluminal brachytherapy (BRT), following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in the treatment of patients affected by inoperable cholangiocarcinoma. Methods & study design From September 1980 to June 1996, 130 jaundiced patients affected by inoperable cholangiocarcinoma were submitted to PTBD at the Division of Radiology C of the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Nineteen were excluded from the present analysis due to the short survival after PTBD (<30 days). The other 111 patients were divided into three groups according to the following therapy: no further treatment after palliative PTBD in 89 patients (80%, group 1); ERT in 10 patients (9%, group 2); ERT plus BRT in 12 patients (11%, group 3). All the ERT+BRT patients were enrolled after 1990 and were treated with high-energy photon beams followed by en-dobiliary insertion of one or two iridium-192 wires. Results Median overall survival among the 111 assessable patients was 126 days; for groups 1, 2 and 3 it was 108, 345 and 428 days, respectively. The patients submitted to radiotherapy (ERT alone or ERT+BRT) were evaluated by radiologic examinations after the end of radiation. In group 2, a partial remission in 3 cases, a progression of disease in 1 case, and no change in 6 cases were observed. Among the patients of group 3, complete remission in 5 and partial remission in 7 patients were achieved. In all the patients achieving complete remission, the PTBD could be removed. Conclusions The combination of ERT plus BRT improves survival and quality of life of the patients submitted to PTBD for cholangiocarcinoma. Under the technical point of view, radiation treatment is easy to perform, but much caution is required in defining clinical and planning target volumes. Moreover, drainage during the radiation treatment has to be submitted to a very meticulous surveillance.
Local Impairment of Immunoreactivity in Hiv-infected Women with Hpv-related Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix
Authors: Barberis Massimo C. , Vago Luca , Cecchini Giancarlo , Bramerio Manuela , Banfi Giuseppe , D'Amico Maria , Cannone Maria 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background The aim of this study was to compare the local immune response in two groups of patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial squamous lesions (SIL): one with HIV infection and the other with HPV infection alone. Materials and methods 16 conization specimens (8 from HIV-infected and 8 from non-HIV-infected patients) of HPV-related, high-grade SIL were selected. The specimens from non-HIV patients were considered as controls. The total number of Langerhans cells, CD4 and CD8 cells present in 10 field areas (3.120 mm2) was recorded in each case. In HIV patients CD4 and CD8 peripheral counts were performed immediately before surgery. Results The CD4/CD8 ratio never exceeded 0.71, whereas the lowest ratio in controls was 0.81: this difference was statistically significant (P=0.0009). The mean number of Langerhans cells was markedly reduced in the high-grade SILs in the HIV patients in comparison with controls (P=0.001). The number of CD4 cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio correlated with the peripheral CD4 count (P=0.001 and 0.02). Conclusions In our study a marked local impairment of cervical immunoreactivity was observed, which may play a major role in the progression of these lesions in HIV-infected women.