bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Care of Acne Vulgaris for Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth
Authors: Zimmer Adam , Hodax Juanita K. , Zaenglein Andrea L. , Boos Markus D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Primary care providers have reported feeling ill-equipped to care for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients because of lack of training, and their treatment of acne has been shown to be variable and not standardized. This is an important practice gap, as TGD youth represent a historically underserved population in medicine, despite data suggesting that up to 9.2% of high school–age adolescents identify as TGD. Although needs and expectations for quality health-care in TGD youth do not necessarily differ from their cisgender peers, TGD adolescents have unique considerations in their care and are at risk for negative social and emotional outcomes secondary to minority stress, discrimination, and rejection by peers and family. Acne is estimated to affect approximately 85% of adolescents and is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, and depression. As such, knowledgeable and culturally informed care of acne in TGD adolescents has important implications for quality of life for patients who desire effective treatment. This review article addresses these practice gaps by summarizing an approach to acne evaluation and management with an emphasis on appropriate regimens for TGD youth, and the unique psychosocial and medical considerations for this population.
Knockdown of DDX3Y alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by regulating NF-κB pathway
Authors: Xu Ying , Gu Xiaofeng , Wu Jian , Lu Wenmin 
Published: November 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR), a type of chronic inflammatory disease that exists in the nasal mucosa, significantly impacts the quality of life. DDX3Y gene encodes an RNA helicase belonging to the DEAD-box protein family and is part of the DDX3 subfamily that affects the progression of multiple diseases. However, the specific role and mechanisms of DDX3Y in AR remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of DDX3Y knockdown on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR in mice. We found that DDX3Y is highly expressed in the nasal mucosa of AR mice. Knockdown of DDX3Y in OVA-induced AR mice significantly alleviated nasal manifestations, reduced immunoglobulin E and histamine levels, and improved nasal mucosal histopathology. Additionally, knockdown of DDX3Y suppressed secretion of inflammatory factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation, thereby mitigating local inflammatory responses. These findings suggested that targeting DDX3Y could offer a novel therapeutic strategy for managing AR by modulating the NF-κB pathway.
Gypenosides alleviates HaCaT keratinocyte hyperproliferation and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice
Authors: Liu Tao , He Yuanmin , Liao Yongmei 
Published: November 2024

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and chronic immune responses. Gypenosides (Gyp) exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects on different diseases. However, its functioning and mechanism of Gyp on psoriasis remains unknown.
Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of Gyp on psoriasis.
Material and Methods: The impact and mechanism of Gyp on psoriasis in vitro and in vivo were probed through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, hematoxylin and eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay, immunofluorescence, and Western Blotting assays.
Results: Gyp inhibited cell proliferation and the release of inflammatory cytokinesin interleukin (IL-22)-induced spontaneously transformed human aneuploid immortal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). In addition, Gyp demonstrated enhancement in erythema and scaling as well as reductions in the thickness of epidermal layers, release of inflammatory factors, and Ki-67 (a nuclear protein) level in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mice. Mechanistically, Gyp upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression and diminished the level of p-p65/p65 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in skin tissues from IMQ-induced mice and IL-22-induced HaCaT cells, which were reversed with the application of ML385, an inhibitor of Nrf2. In addition, the administration of ML385 reversed decrease in cell viability and reduced the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in IL-22-induced HaCaT cells caused by Gyp.
Conclusion: In summary, Gyp reduced excessive cell growth and inflammation in psoriasis by suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) through activation of Nrf2.
Four-month real-life response to Tezepelumab in patients with multi-failure to other biologics
Authors: Betancor Diana , Bautista Sara , López-Rodríguez Raquel , Valverde-Monge Marcela , Fernández-Nieto Mar , J. Rial Manuel 
Published: November 2024

To evaluate the response to Tezepelumab in real clinical practice, we performed an analysis of the clinical, functional, and inflammatory characteristics of 13 patients with severe asthma after completing four doses of Tezepelumab was performed. When comparing clinical parameters such as asthma control test (ACT), FENO value, exacerbations in the last 4 months, blood eosinophils and FEV1%, before receiving Tezepelumab and after four doses of Tezepelumab, statistically significant differences were found in ACT levels (p=0.0072), exacerbations (p=0.018) and FEV1% (p=0.012) before and after four doses of Tezepelumab. No statistically significant differences were found in blood eosinophils or FeNO levels, however, a mean reduction of 102.5±231 cells/mm3 and 14.67±30 ppb, respectively, was observed. Patients with a high T2 profile had significantly higher baseline FeNO (p<0.05), but no significant improvement in lung function or asthma control was observed in this group. Patients with Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) were evaluated separately. There was no difference in ACT, FeNO, or lung function changes after tezepelumab use compared to patients without AERD (all p>0.05). We demonstrated, in a multicenter study, the clinical improvement associated with tezepelumab treatment in severe uncontrolled asthma, independent of inflammatory biomarkers, eosinophilic profile, or previous biological failure.
Safety of immunotherapy with Alternaria alternata glutaraldehyde–polymerized allergen extract in adults and children
Authors: Caballero Raquel , Javaloyes Gracia , Romero Marta , Ángel Rojas Miguel , Del Pozo Sandra , Lara Beatriz , Lara Esther , Grau Alicia , Girón de Velasco Patricia , Casanovas Miguel 
Published: November 2024

Background: Allergies to fungi, such as Alternaria alternata, are significant contributors to respiratory conditions like asthma and rhinitis. Immunotherapy with native A. alternata extracts often results in high rates of adverse reactions. This study evaluates the safety of immunotherapy using glutaraldehyde-polymerized A. alternata extracts in both pediatric and adult populations.
Methods: This observational real-world study involved 738 patients (435 children and 303 adults) monosensitized to A. alternata or polysensitized together to other allergens. Patients received personalized immunotherapy containing polymerized A. alternata extract, either alone or in combination with other polymerized allergens. The concentration of each polymerized allergen in the therapeutic vaccine was 10,000 TU/mL. Side reactions were classified and recorded based on immediate and delayed onset, and their severity was graded according to the EAACI guidelines.
Results: All side reactions were expected and related to the intrinsic properties of allergens. The number of injections administered was 7392, with 4137 to children and 3255 to adults. Thirteen relevant local reactions (0.24% in children, 0.09% in adults) and seven systemic reactions (0.09% overall) were observed. Systemic reactions included mild to moderate symptoms, such as mild bronchospasm and rhinitis. Severe reactions were not reported.
Conclusion: Immunotherapy with glutaraldehyde-polymerized A. alternata, alone or in combination with other polymerized allergens, is safe and well-tolerated in both children and adults. The polymerized extracts allow for higher concentrations and faster administration schedules, providing an effective treatment option for patients with fungal allergies, including those polysensitized to multiple allergens.
Factors affecting the use of salbutamol before hospital admission in children with asthma exacerbation
Authors: Kulhas Celik Ilknur , Guvenir Hakan , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Yilmaz Topal Ozge , Dibek Misirlioglu Emine , Toyran Muge , Kocabas Can Naci , Civelek Ersoy 
Published: November 2024

Background: Early home intervention for asthma exacerbation (AE) in children is associated with more favorable outcomes. Inhaled short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA) are the cornerstones of AE treatment.
Objectives: We aimed to determine what proportion of parents administered salbutamol to their children to treat asthma exacerbation at home, and the factors affecting the decision to administer the medication. Additionally, we also aimed to examine the parents’ level of knowledge regarding salbutamol use.
Methods: Asthma patients who were admitted to pediatric allergy outpatient clinics due to AE were included in the study. Parents’ knowledge related to home salbutamol use was evaluated using a questionnaire. Modified Pulmonary Index Score was used to evaluate AE severity.
Results: The study included 177 children (64.4% males) with a median age of 6.16 years. Of these, 86 patients (48.6%) had not administered salbutamol before hospital admission, and parents of 69 (80%) patients stated that they knew salbutamol should be administered but they did not want to administer it without consulting a doctor. Of the 91 patients who had used salbutamol before hospital admission, 28 (30.7%) had administered the incorrect dose, 2 (2.2%) used the incorrect technique, and 9 (9.9%) had the incorrect dose and incorrect technique. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, history of hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR]: 6.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.07–13.9; P < 0.001), history of more than five exacerbations (OR: 4.51, 95%CI: 1.94–10.48; P < 0.001 ), and presence of sputum (OR: 2.54; 95%CI: 1.10–5.87; P = 0.028) were the main predictors of salbutamol use.
Conclusion: Asthma patients and their parents should be better educated and actively encouraged on the use of SABA at home during an AE.
Effect of electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage combined with local administration of budesonide on the efficacy of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Xu Fengqin , Zhang Qi , Chen Fuzhe 
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage combined with local administration of budesonide on the efficacy of treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 100 children with MPP treated at our hospital from April 2022 to April 2024. The patients were divided into an experimental group (50 cases) and a control group (50 cases) based to the treatment method. Both groups received routine treatment, however, the control group was treated with electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage alone, while the experimental group received electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage combined with local administration of budesonide. The efficacy of the two treatments was compared. The experimental group showed a significantly higher overall effective rate than the control group (p<0.05). After treatment, the time for cough relief, lung rales resolution, fever reduction, and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). One week after treatment, the levels of tidal volume, vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). Post-treatment levels of WBC and CRP were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the incidence of complications in the experimental group was lower than in the control group (p<0.05). Electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage combined with local administration of budesonide improves the efficacy of treatment for children with MPP, enhances clinical indicators, reduces inflammation levels, and has high safety, making it worthy of clinical promotion.
Beta-elemene alleviates cigarette smoke-triggered inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells, and refrains the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a grievous disease that adversely affects human health and life. β-elemene is a type of sesquiterpenoid extracted from Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) and displays effects on suppressing tumor growth. However, the regulatory impact of β-elemene in COPD development is not reported.
Objective: This study explored the functioning of β-elemene in the progression of COPD.
Material and Methods: The cell survival rate was confirmed through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cell apoptosis was evaluated through flow cytometry. The protein expressions were examined through western blot. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined through the corresponding commercial kits. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β were inspected through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: The study demonstrated that β-elemene exaggerated cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cell line stimulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Oxidative stress was heightened after 5% CSE induction, but this impact was counteracted by β-elemene treatment. In addition, enhancive inflammation induced by cigarette smoke was attenuated by β-elemene treatment. Finally, our results indicated that the triggered the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–protein kinase B–mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway mediated by cigarette smoke was refrained by β-elemene treatment.
Conclusion: It was concluded that β-elemene reduced cigarette smoke-triggered inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cell line, and refrained PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This study proposed that β-elemene could act as a hopeful drug for the treatment of COPD.
Kadavur Layered Anorthosite-Gabbro Complex, Tamil Nadu: A Case Study of Magmatic Differentiation from the Southern Granulite Terrane of the Indian Shield
Authors: Sarkar Debaleena , Ray Jyotisankar , Patel Suresh C. , Chowdhury Moumita , Koeberl Christian , Sahoo Soumili , Mukherjee Pratik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The Kadavur anorthosite-gabbro complex (10°35′N: 78°11″E), Tamil Nadu, consists of the three distinct rock units which are layered anorthosite-gabbro, schistose anorthosite-gabbro, and sporadic pegmatoidal variant. Based on texture, the layered-type can again be divided into a mesocumulate unit (MCU) and a noncumulate unit (NCU). Several major oxides and oxide ratios indicate, from Harker variation diagrams that the mesocumulate unit (MCU) and schistose unit (SU) are geochemically similar. The plots for non-cumulate unit (NCU) show a compositional spread in those variation diagrams, suggesting fractionation (involving clinopyroxene and plagioclase) from the supernatant magma on separation of the MCU. Variations in the compositions of TiO2 vs P2O5, Ba vs SiO2, La vs Zr, and Yb vs Zr also indicate that NCU has a compositional spectrum, whereas plots for MCU and SU are distinctly different. The geochemical behaviour of the pegmatoidal unit (PU) shows affinity for both the NCU and MCU. The normalized rare earth element (REE) ratios as well as the Zr and Ni concentrations, strongly favour an “Archean basalt” parent magma having tholeiitic or calc-alkaline/ (or transitional) affinity. The present study strongly indicates that the Kadavur anorthosite-gabbro complex was influenced by deformation during intrusion.
Glacial Lake Dynamics in Dibang Valley District, Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Atul , Mal Suraj , Schickhoff Udo , Sreekesh S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Glacial lakes (GLs) are integral components of the cryospheric environment. Due to the persistent melting of glaciers and steady rise in the annual mean temperatures, GLs are expanding across the Himalayan mountains. Since the 1980s, the eastern Himalaya have observed a steady increase (0.031°C/year) in annual mean temperature, causing rapid glacial melting, formation of new GLs and expansion of existing ones. Therefore, to assess the role of the increasing annual mean temperature on the expansion of GLs in the eastern Himalaya, we generated GL inventories for 1987, 2005 and 2018 for Dibang Valley district, Arunachal Pradesh, in the eastern Himalaya. We used Landsat multi-temporal satellite images along with the ASTER Digital Elevation Model V2 (DEM). Using the Segment Mean Shift (SMS) method, the GL inventories were generated. Our results show that there were 509 GLs in 2018, whereas only 484 in 2005 and 469 in 1987. GLs observed a growth rate of 8.52% in number and 11.13% in area between 1987 and 2018. Most of the GLs in the study area were of Moraine-dammed lakes (MDL) (~56%), whereas Ice-dammed lakes (IDL) showed the highest expansion rate between 1987 to 2018. GL hotspots show a concentration of GLs in the eastern and southern sections of Dibang Valley but new GLs are forming in the north-western and eastern sections of the study area. An increase in annual mean temperature enhanced the glacial melt water, leading to the growth of GLs connected with the glaciers.
Spatial Inter-relationship Between Geomorphic Indices and Climatic Proxies with Landslides in the Bhagirathi Valley, NW Himalaya
Authors: Devi Meenakshi , Gupta Vikram , Ram Bikash Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Various geomorphic indices and climatic proxies coupled with field investigations has been used to obtain the quantitative measurement of an active tectonic landscape and could infer the basic information necessary for estimating long-term deformation as well as landform evaluation in tectonically active mountain belts. The evaluation of inter-relationship between geomorphic indices and climatic proxies with spatial distribution of landslides in an area would be useful for hazard assessment and mitigating the landslide risk. The present study aims to investigate the inter relationship between geomorphic indices and climatic proxies with landslides in the Bhagirathi River valley, NW Himalaya. Accordingly, a detailed landslide inventory consisting of 514 landslides and various geomorphic indices in the study area were prepared using high resolution satellite images and field visits. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of landslides frequency with each of the geomorphic and climatic parameter was assessed to understand their role in the spatial distribution of landslides in the study area The results indicate that the relative higher tectonic activity as evident from moderate to low Vf ratios, high value of KS, presence of Knick points, V-shaped valley and rocky jointed and barren slopes attribute towards the occurrence of rockfall in Upper Himalayan Crystalline zone. Whereas, in MCT zone, high relative active tectonics apparent from the presence of knickpoints, lowest average Vf ratio and highest average KS values and high rainfall causes landslides. The Garhwal region is highly dissected indicating fluvial erosion and toe cutting and high erosion rates due to presence of loose debris and confined in high rainfall zone leads to numerous small mass movements in this zone.
Forecasting Pre - post Monsoon Depth to Water Levels using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model in Outer Plains of Jammu Himalaya
Authors: Qadir Junaid , Sultan Bhat M. , Meer Mohammad Suhail 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Forecasting groundwater levels is vital for the sustainable management of aquifers. In this study, we explore the application of two ARIMA models (Damped Holt Model - 0,1,2 and Basic exponential smoothing - 0,1,1) to predict pre- and post-monsoon depth to water level (m,bgl) in observation wells located in Jammu Himalaya from 2015 to 2034. Historical data spanning 1994 to 2014 is used to develop the model, and validation is performed using data from 2009 to 2014. The model development process comprises four crucial steps: model selection, diagnostics, validation, and prediction. By evaluating the residuals from the autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF), we determine the best-fit ARIMA model with the lowest AIC values. The selected ARIMA model (0,1,1) is further validated through a close comparison of the predicted and actual pre- and post-monsoon depth to water level (m,bgl) values from 2009 to 2014, yielding a high level of agreement based on R2 values. The forecasted results indicate a decline in groundwater levels, with depths anticipated to reach 8.4 (m,bgl) during the premonsoon season and 6.6 (m,bgl) during the post-monsoon season from 2015 to 2034. With the reliability of these forecasting methods, our study provides valuable insights for the sustainable management of groundwater resources, supporting informed decision-making to ensure their optimal and responsible utilization.
Stress Assessment of Unconventional Basement Reservoir in a Hydrocarbon field of Western Offshore India: Reservoir Geomechanical Modeling and Perspectives
Authors: Sundli Krishna Chandra , Pradhan Sarada Prasad , Vishal Vikram , Harilal  , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Ram Binay , Prasad Sheel Ranjan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Stress estimation is an essential factor required for the geomechanical characterization of a reservoir and quantification of in-situ stress is the primary step toward the geomechanical model building. The present study was carried out for a giant oil field situated in western offshore India at shallow water depths. The Lower Miocene Burdigalian carbonate reservoir is the major pay of the field. Basement is stratigraphically the deepest established reservoir of the field. It is an unconventional reservoir composed of granite and basalt with fractures as primary fluid mobility conduits. Many challenges, such as tight holes and stuck pipes have been encountered during drilling, resulting in non-productive time leading to financial losses.
Since production is from interconnected fractures, understanding the cause and possibility of fractures and their orientation becomes very important for production optimization. Faults and fractures get reoriented depending on palaeostresses and present-day stress field. The relative magnitude of the stresses and stress direction play an important role in well placement and productivity. As observed in some of the recently drilled wells, fracture orientation and fracture density are correlated with well productivity. Conventional wireline logs were used to estimate pore pressure and fracture pressure and calibrated with the pressure observations from formation tester and leak off test data observed in the field. Minimum horizontal stress is calibrated with fracture pressure, whereas maximum horizontal stress is limited using a stress polygon under a normal faulting regime. The estimated overburden stress ranges from 40 MPa to 46 MPa, whereas the minimum horizontal stress ranges from about 28 MPa to 38 MPa, and maximum horizontal stress ranges from about 30 MPa to 42 MPa. Maximum horizontal stress orientation is deciphered from the observed drilling-induced tensile fractures in the available micro resistivity image log and is found to be along 154−334 (±15) deg. North.