bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Diagnostic Precision and Clinical Outcomes With FNAC in Parotid Gland Masses
Authors: Mutlu Fatih , Yaprak Bayrak Busra , Ozturk Murat 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundParotid gland masses encompassing both neoplastic and non‐neoplastic conditions present diagnostic challenges. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is commonly used to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions but has limitations such as variable sensitivity and potential sampling errors. This study assesses FNAC's accuracy for parotid gland lesions, evaluates the Milan Salivary Gland Cytopathology Reporting System (MSRSGC), and compares FNAC results with histopathological findings.MethodsThis retrospective study at our medical center analyzed data from 2321 patients who underwent parotid gland FNAC followed by surgical resection over 20 years. Patients were included if they had both cytological analysis and surgery between January 2004 and July 2024. Surgical procedures varied based on mass characteristics and FNAC results, and all samples were assessed using MSRSGC. Statistical analysis compared FNAC results with histopathology findings, calculating sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.ResultsThis study included 352 patients who underwent both FNAC and surgical resection. FNAC had an overall accuracy of 93.9%, with a sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 91.5%. The risk of malignancy was 30% for Milan Category I (nondiagnostic), 6.3% for Category II (non‐neoplastic), 0% for Category III (Atypia of Undetermined Significance), 2.3% for Category IVa (benign neoplasm), 5.8% for Category IVb (neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential), 58.8% for Category V (suspicious for malignancy), and 95% for Category VI (malignant). The false negative rate was 2.4%, while the false positive rate was 3.4%. The malignancy risk increased with age, and malignant masses were larger and more likely to cause facial paralysis.ConclusionFNAC is a key diagnostic tool for parotid gland masses, offering high specificity and accuracy despite some limitations. Patients with young ages and inappropriate histories should be assessed more carefully. MSRSGC is a useful system to show appropriate risk of malignancy.
A Calculation Model of Cutterhead Resistance for Pipe Jacking in Rock Strata and Soil–Rock Composite Strata
Authors: Cao Yulong , Zhong Ran , Tao Rongdong , Luo Feilun , Xiong Liang , Fan Yue , Mei Jiahao , Zhang Peng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTJacking force is one of the most important parameters in the design and construction of pipe jacking engineering, and cutterhead resistance is an important part of jacking force. Pipe jacking is increasingly applied to rock strata, but there are few calculation models for the jacking force in rock strata and soil–rock strata. For this reason, this article, under the assumption of stable conditions of pipe jacking face, summarizes the cutterhead resistance of soil strata. The rock‐breaking mechanism, stress model, and influence law of cutterhead of rock pipe jacking machine are analyzed. And on this basis, the calculation formula of cutterhead resistance of pipe jacking in rock strata is deduced. And the cutterhead resistance of soil–rock composite strata is determined according to the proportion of strata. Finally, the field measured values and code calculation results are compared with the formula values in this article. The results show: in rock pipe jacking, the compressive and shear strengths of the rock and the depth of the pipe jacking cutter cut into the rock directly determine the value of the cutterhead resistance; and the calculated value of cutterhead resistance of soil–rock composite strata determined according to the strata ratio is consistent with the measured cutterhead resistance, which proves its applicability.
Exploring the Idea of Task in the Context of the Young Language Learner Classroom
Authors: Timpe‐Laughlin Veronika , Roters Bianca , Butler Yuko Goto 
Published: December 2024

Originating in adult education, the approach of task‐based language teaching (TBLT) has been promoted in young language learner (YLL) education. However, its application often encounters challenges due to varying interpretations of what constitutes a “task.” Previous research has repeatedly highlighted gaps in teachers' understanding of tasks, often reducing them to mere exercises rather than opportunities for genuine communication. A potential issue could be that some of the criteria of a task as defined in the literature that focuses on adult second/foreign language (L2) learners do not necessarily apply or may need to be modified in YLL education. For example, tasks have traditionally been defined as having “authenticity,” but this may vary, as YLLs are often engaged in play and driven by imagination. Additionally, for children, school represents their “real world,” so their concept of an “authentic” task may differ from that of adult L2 learners, who may be attending classes to improve workplace skills. In this study, we aimed to explore the concept of task in the context of teaching an additional language to YLLs in primary education. Utilizing a Delphi method, 16 well‐known experts who work at the intersection of applied linguistics, TBLT, and YLLs participated in three rounds of data collection via email. After providing written definitions of a task and its characteristics in the YLL classroom in Round 1, the experts rated each other's definitions on a 4‐point Likert scale and provided comments on the definitions in two subsequent rounds. Additionally, we conducted follow‐up interviews with a subsample of the participants (n = 6) relative to a particular task characteristic: “authenticity.” Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we identified key aspects from the data, including task characteristics, learner considerations, and implementation details. Findings showed a distinction between “activity” and “task,” with the latter being understood as featuring certain characteristics. Accordingly, a task in the YLL classroom has a goal orientation, an orientation to meaning rather than linguistic form, a need for YLLs to use their L2 repertoire, a type of information gap, and a real‐life connection. While largely congruent with the concept of task in the L2 adult literature, the experts particularly highlighted a learner‐oriented approach to tasks that stresses cognitive, social‐emotional, and affective development of YLLs. In particular, experts highlighted the significance of imagination as part of children's authentic world. Thus an “authentic” task for adults may reference a “real‐world” domain, whereas an authentic task for YLLs may reference an imaginary one. We discuss the findings and emphasize that the concept of task in YLL education should be broadened to include aspects of imaginary worlds and make‐believe.
Evaluating care: Anti‐Blackness and sexual assault sentencing in Milwaukee, WI
Authors: Mulla Sameena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article considers how care emerges as an integrated phenomenon that enfolds defendants, victim‐witnesses, and their kin in complex ways. Care capacitates forms of racial sorting and resource allocations that manifest within sentencing hearings of persons found guilty of committing sexual offenses, a mode of dysselection as described by Sylvia Wynter. During sentencing hearings, the state asserts its authority to evaluate the inadequacies of the infrastructures of care to which the person being sentenced has access. While Black men are ostensibly the focus of these hearings, their participation in sentencing hearings becomes a portal through which the court scrutinizes Black women and girls who are often proclaimed to be inadequate caretakers. Simultaneously, the state claims that it can provide the care that will result in the rehabilitation of the person being sentenced, while protecting the community from the potential harms of the criminalized subject. The stark contrast between the state's characterizations of Black kinship and care, and the complex, subtle, and creative tactics narrated by Black interlocutors demonstrates the ways in which the state seeks to surveil Black mores of kinship, assign particular categories of worthiness or unworthiness to modes of care, and fix an anti‐Black racial hierarchy in place.
Models for the marrow: A comprehensive review of AI‐based cell classification methods and malignancy detection in bone marrow aspirate smears
Authors: Ghete Tabita , Kock Farina , Pontones Martina , Pfrang David , Westphal Max , Höfener Henning , Metzler Markus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGiven the high prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) research in medicine, the development of deep learning (DL) algorithms based on image recognition, such as the analysis of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) smears, is rapidly increasing in the field of hematology and oncology. The models are trained to identify the optimal regions of the BMA smear for differential cell count and subsequently detect and classify a number of cell types, which can ultimately be utilized for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, AI is capable of identifying genetic mutations phenotypically. This pipeline has the potential to offer an accurate and rapid preliminary analysis of the bone marrow in the clinical routine. However, the intrinsic complexity of hematological diseases presents several challenges for the automatic morphological assessment. To ensure general applicability across multiple medical centers and to deliver high accuracy on prospective clinical data, AI models would require highly heterogeneous training datasets. This review presents a systematic analysis of models for cell classification and detection of hematological malignancies published in the last 5 years (2019–2024). It provides insight into the challenges and opportunities of these DL‐assisted tasks.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of the Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT‐Lymphoma) of the Intestine: A Single Center Analysis
Authors: Steinbrecher Oskar , Kiesewetter Barbara , Dolak Werner , Brand Rosa , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Raderer Markus 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTExtranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT‐lymphoma) is an indolent B‐cell lymphoma with a distinct affinity for mucosal structures. Most commonly arising in the stomach, only roughly 2% of MALT‐lymphomas occur in the colon or the intestine. In view of this, we have retrospectively assessed all patients with MALT‐lymphoma involving the intestine for clinicopathological characteristics. Data of all patients with MALT‐lymphoma and intestinal involvement (i.e. both primary and secondary), treated and followed at the Medical University of Vienna between 1999 and 2021 were retrospectively collected from hospital records and analyzed. Differences in baseline and therapy characteristics, as well as survival between primary and secondary, and between intestinal and gastric MALT‐lymphoma (as the most common subgroup of patients) were investigated. In total, 42 patients were identified; 24/484 (5%) were classified as primary and 18 (3.7%) as secondary intestinal MALT‐lymphomas. The most common primary intestinal location was the colon (10/24) and the most frequent primary site in the 18 cases with secondary intestinal MALT‐lymphomas was the stomach (14/18). A total of 28/42 (66.7%) patients presented with LUGANO stage I, 7/42 (16.7%) with stage II/IIE and 7/42 (16.7%) with stage IV disease. Translocation t (11; 18) (q21; q21) was positive in 47% of patients with secondary and 25% of primary intestinal MALT‐lymphomas. Median OS in for intestinal MALT‐lymphoma was 301 months (95% CI n.a.) with 89.1% alive at 5 years and 77.2% alive at 10 years. Median PFS in the entire cohort was 50.4 months (95% CI 38.4–62.4 months), with an overall response rate and disease control rate of 73% and 97.3%, respectively. No difference in OS and PFS between primary and secondary intestinal, as well as between intestinal and gastric MALT‐lymphoma was detected. Our data suggest that dissemination within the GI tract does not seem to be an adverse prognostic feature and highlights the preferred use of the Lugano staging system in such patients, which also summarizes multiple lesions within the GI‐tract as Stage I.
Impact of alcohol use disorder on inpatient hospitalizations: A comparison of outcomes between urban and rural Veterans Affairs hospitals
Authors: Willey James , Kaboli Peter , Holcombe Andrea , O'Shea Amy M. J. , Yu Tong , Rewerts Kelby , Bailey George , Bandyopadhyay Anindita , Abrams Thad , Gutierrez Jeydith T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality that disproportionately affects rural residents and Veterans.ObjectiveTo evaluate the burden of AUD in admissions at rural and urban hospitals within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) comparing patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year mortality rates.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study of patients admitted to VHA hospitals from 2016 to 2020, with a primary or secondary diagnosis related to AUD. Follow‐up mortality data was collected through September 30, 2023.ResultsFrom 2.9 million qualifying admissions, AUD‐related diagnoses were present in 14.3% of admitted patients (427,375 admissions among 190,152 unique patients in 129 facilities). Rural hospitals (n = 22) had a significantly higher overall admission rate for AUD‐related diagnoses (21.6% vs. 14.8%, p = .011), higher 30‐day readmission rates (17.8% vs. 15.3%, p < .001), but lower hospital‐level average length of stay (median = 4.3 vs. 5.6, p < .001). Mortality in rural hospitals was lower than urban at 1 year (9.6% vs. 11.4%, p < .001), 3 years (20.7% vs. 23.1%, p < .001), and 5 years (30.4% vs. 32.9%, p < .001).ConclusionsRural VHA hospitals have a higher proportion of patients admitted with AUD‐related diagnoses and higher readmission rates, but lower mortality rates. Approximately, one in three patients admitted with an AUD‐related diagnosis died within the 5‐year follow‐up period. The mortality rates observed are extraordinary and deserve urgent attention. A comprehensive plan to address AUD in the Veteran population, including how we approach and engage patients in treatment during hospitalizations with any primary or secondary AUD diagnoses, is needed.
Identifying opportunities to reduce imaging overuse in hospitalized children
Authors: Desai Sanyukta , Treasure Jennifer , Richardson Troy , Hall Matt , Shah Samir S. , Thomson Joanna E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundRadiologic imaging is routinely performed to aid in diagnosis for hospitalized children. Identifying and reducing variability in imaging practices can improve care while reducing harms and costs.ObjectivesTo identify common inpatient pediatric conditions with high prevalence of imaging and variation in imaging practices and imaging‐related costs across hospitals.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of children 0–18 years old admitted to 50 children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information Systems database between 2017 and 2019. We excluded patients with complex chronic conditions, pregnancy, newborn, or neonatal intensive care charges, and those who died or who were discharged to hospice or rehabilitation facilities. Conditions with at least 2500 discharges and in which ≥30% of patients received imaging were included. Outcomes included imaging frequency, standardized imaging‐related costs (including all modalities across all encounters), and hospital‐level variation in imaging costs using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsOf the 56 included conditions, imaging was most frequently conducted in patients with pectus excavatum (97.8%), scoliosis (96.2%), and intestinal obstruction (96%). Fracture ($21.4 million), trauma ($15.7 million), and appendicitis ($8.6 million) had the highest total imaging‐related costs. Conditions with the highest geometric mean standardized imaging costs were nervous system disorders ($507), osteomyelitis ($494), vesicoureteral reflux/hydronephrosis ($468). Scoliosis (ICC = 0.49) and preseptal cellulitis (ICC = 0.48) had the highest variation in imaging‐related costs.ConclusionTo reduce imaging overuse in hospitalized children, conditions with frequent imaging, high imaging‐related costs, and high hospital‐level variation in imaging practices should serve as priorities for future evidence generation, guideline development, and/or improvement initiatives.
Softening‐Up Persistently Stubborn Institutional Stances in Net Zero Change Environments
Authors: Barron Nicola , Palmer Mark , Ireland Joseph , Li Chuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe decarbonization of the built environment remains a strategically important net zero pathway. Relative to other net zero pathways, the built environment persistently lags behind. To address this problem, we use the theoretical lens of institutional stance to enrich the understanding of the cognitive‐cultural foundations of institutions, in particular how entrusted institutional members hold, reflect and assert specific stances towards decarbonization of the built environment. In this institutional stance analysis, we identify three institutional change practices of nudging, tugging and mooring for softening‐up persistently stubborn stances in the pursuit of net zero goals. The findings point to mooring mechanisms which permit institutional members to ‘step out’ via temporal institutional respites, and subsequently reconciling these stances through the practice of satisficing, technology cycling and contrasting. Finally, conclusions and practical implications are presented for softening‐up persistently stubborn stances in prolongated net zero change environments.
Rapid Synthesis of Covalent Organic Framework at Room Temperature Incorporated Electrospun Nanofiber for Thin Film Microextraction of Quinolone Antibiotics in Honey and Chicken Samples
Authors: Chen An , Su Xuan , Zhou Yusong , Cheng Wen‐Bo , He Xiwen , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, the covalent organic frameworks–incorporated electrospun nanofiber membranes were used as a highly efficient adsorbent to enrich quinolone antibiotics in food samples. Covalent organic frameworks composed of 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl) benzene and 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde were rapid prepared only 20 min at room temperature, then were further synthesized into electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes by electrospinning the binary precursors solution directly. Coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector, the method exhibited good linearity in the range of 1–100 ng·mL−1 for four quinolone antibiotics, with low limits of detection 0.19–0.34 ng·mL−1 (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3). The recoveries of four quinolone antibiotics were 86%–116%, and relative standard deviations of the intra‐ and interday for four quinolone antibiotics were 0.7%–9.0%, respectively. The practical application of the thin film microextraction method using nanofiber membranes as adsorbent for detecting four quinolone antibiotics in animal‐derived food samples was demonstrated.
Open minds on open access—Exploring the benefits and drawbacks of emerging OA models
Authors: Poznanski Emily , Ashcroft Ben , Denne Ben , Gallagher Richard , Snowden Dhara 
Published: December 2024

Key points
cOAlition S has been one of the main drivers of OA, however, some of the preeminent OA models that have emerged like APCs and Read and Publish deals are flawed.
Publishers have struggled to define their key value in the digital age and this has contributed to the weaknesses found in OA models.
Publishers should recognize their essential value in the generation of academic knowledge and forefront this in decision‐making to ensure a sustainable future.
Real‐time 3D MR guided radiation therapy through orthogonal MR imaging and manifold learning
Authors: Ginn John , Wang Chunhao , Yang Deshan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn magnetic resonance image (MRI)‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT), 2D rapid imaging is commonly used to track moving targets with high temporal frequency to minimize gating latency. However, anatomical motion is not constrained to 2D, and a portion of the target may be missed during treatment if 3D motion is not evaluated. While some MRgRT systems attempt to capture 3D motion by sequentially tracking motion in 2D orthogonal imaging planes, this approach assesses 3D motion via independent 2D measurements at alternating instances, lacking a simultaneous 3D motion assessment in both imaging planes.PurposeWe hypothesized that a motion model could be derived from prior 2D orthogonal imaging to estimate 3D motion in both planes simultaneously. We present a manifold learning technique to estimate 3D motion from 2D orthogonal imaging.MethodsFive healthy volunteers were scanned under an IRB‐approved protocol using a 3.0 T Siemens Skyra simulator. Images of the liver dome were acquired during free breathing (FB) with a 2.6 mm × 2.6 mm in‐plane resolution for approximately 10 min in alternating sagittal and coronal planes at ∼5 frames per second. The motion model was derived using a combined manifold learning and alignment approach based on locally linear embedding (LLE). The model utilized the spatially overlapping MRI signal shared by both imaging planes to group together images that had similar signals, enabling motion estimation in both planes simultaneously. The model's motion estimates were compared to the ground truth motion derived in each newly acquired image using deformable registration. A simulated target was defined on the dome of the liver and used to evaluate model performance. The Dice similarity coefficient and distance between the model‐tracked and image‐tracked contour centroids were evaluated. Motion modeling error was estimated in the orthogonal plane by back‐propagating the motion to the currently imaged plane and by interpolating the motion between image acquisitions where ground truth motion was available.ResultsThe motion observed in the healthy volunteer studies ranged from 12.6 to 38.7 mm. On average, the model demonstrated sub‐millimeter precision and > 0.95 Dice coefficient compared to the ground truth motion observed in the currently imaged plane. The average Dice coefficient and centroid distance between the model‐tracked and ground truth target contours were 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.26 mm ± 0.27 mm respectively across all volunteer studies. The out‐of‐plane centroid motion error was estimated to be 0.85 mm ± 1.07 mm and 1.26 mm ± 1.38 mm using the back‐propagation (BP) and interpolation error estimation methods.ConclusionsThe healthy volunteer studies indicate promising results using the proposed motion modeling technique. Out‐of‐plane modeling error was estimated to be higher but still demonstrated sub‐voxel motion accuracy.