bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shadow effect in dual‐source thermally evaporated perovskite patterns
Authors: Liu Nian , Luo Jiajun , Tang Jiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have recently emerged as a potential next‐generation display technology due to their wide color gamut, high external quantum efficiency (EQE), and low fabrication cost. The thermal evaporation process with no solvent involvement and offers low substrate selectivity and high compatibility with production lines has attracted significant academic interest. However, in thermal evaporation processes, the shadow effect greatly affects the deposition size and positioning accuracy of the patterns, consequently impacting the effective device area and process repeatability of PeLEDs. In this study, we calculated the shadow distance during the dual‐source thermal evaporation and analyzed the issues of misalignment and size deviation caused by shadow effects. Based on the calculation of shadow distance, we increased the substrate height from 33 to 38 cm to enhance the deposition angle. This adjustment led to an improvement in the characteristic parameter W1/Wdot from 0.178 to 0.365 during perovskite deposition. As a result, we successfully obtained a high‐resolution perovskite array with uniform morphology and photofluorescence (PL) emission at 600 pixels per inch (ppi). This demonstrated the reliable calculation and analysis of shadow distance, which is effective for fine deposition of high‐resolution perovskite patterns and PeLEDs.
Diffraction‐Driven Parallel Convolution Processing with Integrated Photonics
Authors: Huang Yuyao , Liu Wencan , Sun Run , Fu Tingzhao , Wang Yaode , Huang Zheng , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTraditional electronic processors often struggle with bandwidth limitations and high power consumption when executing extensive linear operations for deep learning tasks. Optical computing has emerged as a promising alternative, offering parallel and energy‐efficient computation capabilities. Yet, the development of high‐density optical computing architectures on integrated photonic platforms remains limited, hindered by constraints in neuron scalability and control engineering complexities. Addressing these challenges, this work presents a diffraction‐driven multi‐kernel optical convolution unit (MOCU) that enables on‐chip parallel convolution processing. By utilizing cascaded silica 1D metalines as pre‐trained large‐scale weights and employing spatial multiplexing at the output, MOCU allows simultaneous passive computation of diverse convolutions within a single unit. This architecture facilitates the construction of optical convolutional neural networks (OCNNs), enabling efficient machine vision processing with a streamlined design. To mitigate errors in MOCU‐embedded OCNNs, a lightweight electronic neural network operates concurrently to calibrate systematic deviations via a low‐rank adaptation (LoRA) algorithm, with minimal overhead. The fabricated MOCU chip demonstrates the highest independent 8‐kernel convolutions in parallel, each with a kernel size and occupying just 0.06 . This architecture effectively merges photonic and electronic technologies, offering a scalable design pathway for energy‐efficient, high‐density deep learning hardware.
High‐Throughput Electrospinning of Unmodified and Aminated Poly(Pentafluorostyrene) for Fiber‐Reinforced Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Mu'min Muhammad Solihul , Krieger Anja , Wagner Maximilian , Thiele Simon , Kerres Jochen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates a high‐throughput fabrication of fiber interlayers for proton exchange membranes based on poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PPFSt) and its aminated derivatives. The fibers are produced by electrospinning, where the parameters are carefully screened. The controlled parameters are solvent composition, weight percentage, voltage, flow rate, and temperature, controlled with a self‐designed heating jacket. The parameters are iterated toward optimized fiber structure and maximum output. The yielded fibers are infiltrated with Nafion and sulfonated polymer from bisphenol AF and decafluorobiphenyl (SFS001) by spray‐coating and doctor blading to obtain the fiber‐reinforced proton exchange membranes. Tensile tests reveal a higher Young's modulus and yield stress than pure Nafion. Here, the basicity of the aminated PPFSt fibers correlates with the Young's modulus due to improved acid‐base interactions between amine groups and sulfonic acid. The acid‐base interactions influence the composite membrane's proton conductivity, varying from 23 mS cm−1 for strongly alkaline fibers to 69 mS cm−1 for non‐basic fibers. These findings can be transferred to fabricating fiber reinforcements beyond routinely used poly(benzimidazoles).
Highly Conducting and Ultra‐Stretchable Wearable Ionic Liquid‐Free Transducer for Wireless Monitoring of Physical Motions
Authors: Tanguy Nicolas R. , Rajabi‐Abhari Araz , Williams‐Linera Eric , Miao Zheyuan , Tratnik Nicole , Zhang Xiao , Hao Cheng , Virya Alvin , Yan Ning , Lagadec Ronan Le 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWearable strain transducers are poised to transform the field of healthcare owing to the promise of personalized devices capable of real‐time collection of human physiological health indicators. For instance, monitoring patients' progress following injury and/or surgery during physiotherapy is crucial but rarely performed outside clinics. Herein, multifunctional liquid‐free ionic elastomers are designed through the volume effect and the formation of dynamic hydrogen bond networks between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and weak acids (phosphoric acid, phytic acid, formic acid, citric acid). An ultra‐stretchable (4600% strain), highly conducting (10 mS cm−1), self‐repairable (77% of initial strain), and adhesive ionic elastomer is obtained at high loadings of phytic acid (4:1 weight to PVA). Moreover, the elastomer displayed durable performances, with intact mechanical properties after a year of storage. The elastomer is used as a transducer to monitor human motions in a device comprising an ESP32‐based development board. The device detected walking and/or running biomechanics and communicated motion‐sensing data (i.e., amplitude, frequency) wirelessly. The reported technology can also be applied to other body parts to monitor recovery after injury and/or surgery and inform practitioners of motion biomechanics remotely and in real time to increase convalescence effectiveness, reduce clinic appointments, and prevent injuries.
Enhancing Passive Radiative Cooling Films with Hollow Yttrium‐Oxide Spheres Insights from FDTD Simulation
Authors: Yu Jeehoon , Park Chanil , Kim Byeongjin , Sung Sohyeon , Kim Hyun , Lee Jaeho , Kim Yong Seok , Yoo Youngjae 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPassive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) presents a promising avenue for efficient thermal management without relying on electrical power. In this study, the potential of integrating Hollow Yttrium‐Oxide Spheres (HYSs) within a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to enhance PDRC is investigated. Through a combination of experimental characterization and computational analysis, the optical properties and radiative cooling performance of PDMS films embedded with HYSs are evaluated. These results demonstrate that HYSs significantly improve both solar reflectivity and long‐wave infrared (LWIR) emissivity of the PDMS matrix. Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain (FDTD) simulations confirm the scattering efficiency of HYSs across various wavelength ranges, highlighting their effectiveness as additives for enhancing the radiative properties of passive cooling materials. Experimental validation reveals enhanced reflectivity and emissivity of PDMS films with embedded HYSs, resulting in superior cooling performance compared to non‐HYS counterparts. Overall, this study underscores the potential of HYS‐infused PDMS films as a promising solution for passive radiative cooling, with broad applicability in diverse domains requiring efficient thermal management solutions. Additionally, these research insights pave the way for establishing an AI database for passive radiative cooling research, offering new avenues for further exploration and application in this field.
Comparison of irinotecan/carboplatin versus etoposide/carboplatin for extended disease small cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC): A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Afzal Zeeshan , Hira Sara , Song Xia , Wang Na 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlatinum‐based chemotherapy in addition to the non‐platinum agent etoposide is the standard of care for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). However, the front‐line chemotherapy regimen is not known. Therefore, we aimed to perform this review comparing irinotecan/carboplatin (IC) and etoposide/carboplatin (EC) in patients of extended disease small cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC).MethodsWe searched three databases, that is, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The outcomes for complete response (CR), median overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated. In addition, adverse events such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, diarrhea, and infections were also assessed. RevMan 5.4.1 was used to perform the statistical analysis.ResultsThree randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 676 patients were included. There was a significant difference between IC and EC arms in terms of CR (risk ratio [RR] = 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20−5.32; p = 0.02, I2 (i.e., the percentage of the total variance that is due to between‐study heterogeneity) = 0%), leukopenia (RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23−0.97; p = 0.04; I2 = 90%), amimia (RR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38−0.78; p = 0.0008; I2 = 0%), thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39–0.68; p = 0.00001; I2 = 0%), and diarrhea (RR = 4.88; 95% CI: 1.64−14.49; p = 0.004; I2 = 33%). There was no statistically significant difference between IC and EC arms in terms of median OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.84−1.62; p = 0.37; I2 = 74%), PFS (HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.69−1.56; p = 0.85; I2 = 77%), nausea (RR = 1.70; 95% CI: 0.76−3.81; p = 0.19; I2 = 0%), infection (RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.64−1.48; p = 0.89; I2 = 0%), and treatment‐related deaths (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.24−1.42; p = 0.23; I2 = 0%).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis provides valuable evidence supporting the superiority of IC regimens over EC regimens in terms of CR and toxicity profile for ED‐SCLC.
Differential relative catchability of wild- and hatchery-origin steelhead in the Deschutes River, Oregon
Authors: Seals T. Jason , Jones Michelle , Tattam Ian A. , Henderson Jeremy S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
We assessed the relative proportions of wild- and hatchery-origin summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss caught by sport anglers in the Deschutes River, Oregon. Our objective was to evaluate if steelhead of wild or hatchery origin were equally or disproportionately captured by sport anglers relative to the overall run composition.

Methods
We conducted access-based angler creel surveys of the Deschutes River steelhead fishery during 2000–2019 and 2021 to observe reported catch of wild and hatchery steelhead. We collated fishery-independent hatchery-wild composition data from three locations (two dams and one fish trap) bounding the fishery area we creel sampled. We then used a series of mixed-effect logistic regression models fit to compare angler catch of wild- and hatchery-origin steelhead relative to their composition at the fishery-independent sampling locations.

Result
The best-fit model suggests that anglers were more than twice as likely to observe a wild steelhead in their catch as compared with the chance of the fishery-dependent sampling sites to observe a wild steelhead. Across all years, wild steelhead were 27–31% of the stock composition at the fishery-independent sampling sites yet averaged 65% of angler catch.

Conclusion
Disproportionately high encounter rates of wild-origin summer steelhead suggest that any adverse impacts associated with catch-and-release fishing may be magnified by this effect. We explore some potential mechanisms that could account for this difference and hypothesize that a difference in catchability between wild and hatchery steelhead is the most likely mechanism driving the observed patterns. Regardless of the mechanism, annual catch of wild steelhead is proportionally greater than expectations, given wild steelhead run size compared with that of hatchery steelhead.
Peripheral parenteral nutrition: A retrospective observational study to evaluate utility and complications
Authors: Bidgood Emma , Huang Joanna , Murphy Elise , Prentice Ralley , Hede Beth , Russell David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) provides an alternative nutrition support strategy to centrally administered PN for specific patients requiring short‐term PN. Previous studies have demonstrated limited use of PPN and variable complication rates. This study aimed to evaluate PPN complications and usage at this center.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective observational study of all adult patients who received at least 1 day of PPN from June 2018 to December 2023. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including complications, indications for PN and reason for PPN, duration of therapy, reason for cessation of PPN, nutrition status, energy and protein provision, and central line insertion rates.Results381 patients were included, the median age was 62 (interquartile range = 28–74) years, and 235 were men (61.7%). The most common indication for PN was ileus (n = 153, 40%) followed by gastrointestinal obstruction (n = 93, 24%). The median time receiving PPN was 3 (2–4) days. Patients received a median of 65% (55%–75%) of energy and 58% (50%–69%) of protein requirements with PPN. Malnutrition was diagnosed in 47.5% (n = 181) of this cohort. Total complication rates were 8.7% (n = 33), with cannula infiltration being the most common complication (6.6%, n = 25). 213 (56%) patients proceeded to central line insertion.ConclusionPPN proved to be a safe and effective therapy for short‐term PN when managed by a nutrition support team. PPN has the potential to attenuate short‐term nutrition deficits and prevent central venous access device insertion in selected patients, making it a valuable nutrition support therapy.
Formula Design of Hyperbranched Polyarylether‐Based Low Dielectric Photosensitive Resin and Study of UV‐Cured Films Properties
Authors: Jiang Lingmei , Wang Chenghao , Xiao Changhong , Zhang Guangsheng , Wang Yibo , Liu Haoran , Yuan Kuanyu , Zong Lishuai , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFor large‐area electronic and high shape complexity structure applications, various solution‐processable materials are chosen as dielectric layer due to their simple molding process via spin‐coating, casting, or 3D printing at room temperature. Herein, the acrylic‐ended fluorinated hyperbranched polyaryletherketone (hb‐P6FAEK‐Ace) was used as the prepolymer and then, the composition of photosensitive resin formula was regulated by adjusting the addition ratio of hb‐P6FAEK‐Ace and diluents (acrylimorpholine [ACMO] 1,6‐Hexanediol diacrylate [HDDA]). These photosensitive resin solutions showed the relative low viscosities ranged ranging from 18 to 253 mPa S at 100°C which was in favor of the future 3D printing method and printing accuracy. Then, the obtained UV‐cured films show the maximum tensile strength up to 71.9 MPa and superior thermal properties with the Tg of 157°C–177°C and T5% of 314°C–351°C. Moreover, they also exhibited the good dielectric performance with dielectric constants of 2.43–2.20 and dielectric loss of 0.013–0.014 at 1 MHz–1 GHz. These abovementioned satisfactory performance could be ascribed to the aromatic skeleton of hb‐P6FAEK‐Ace, introduced polarizability‐CF3 groups and the inner cavities for the hyperbranched structures, also the precise control of formula composition. Additionally, the curing degree, shrinkage of solid, and moisture properties were also researched thoroughly. This work provides a simple formula design though to construct the high performance and low dielectric photosensitive resin for the requirements of microelectronic applications.
Exploring the molecular landscape of cutaneous mixed tumors characterized by TRPS1::PLAG1 gene fusion
Authors: Alsugair Ziyad , Donzel Marie , Macagno Nicolas , Tantot Juliet , Harou Olivier , Battistella Maxime , Sohier Pierre , Kervarrec Thibault , de la Fouchardière Arnaud , Balme Brigitte , Champagnac Anne , Lanic Marie‐Delphine , Lopez Jonathan , Laé Marick , Descotes Françoise , Tirode Franck , Pissaloux Daniel , Thamphya Brice , Costes‐Martineau Valérie , Benzerdjeb Nazim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe histological similarities between pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and cutaneous mixed tumors (CMTs) found in certain facial regions can create a diagnostic challenge. Molecular findings reveal common genetic profiles, particularly PLAG1 rearrangements in both PA and CMT. Although molecular distinctions have received limited attention, our observations indicate multiple cases of CMTs carrying the TRPS1::PLAG1 fusion. This clinical experience has driven our investigation into the potential diagnostic utility of TRPS1::PLAG1 fusions for determining tumor origin. Two cohorts consisting of 46 cases of CMT and 45 cases of PA of the salivary glands were obtained from French institutions and reviewed by specialists in each subspecialty. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify the molecular features of cases harboring PLAG1. Clinical, pathological, and molecular data were collected. In this study, cases of CMT exhibited recurrent gene fusions, primarily TRPS1::PLAG1 (74%). These tumors shared characteristic histological features, including tubuloductal differentiation in 55% of cases and squamous metaplasia in varying proportions. In contrast, cases of PA had gene fusions involving PLAG1 with various gene partners, with only one case in which TRPS1::PLAG1 was identified. This disparity was also observed at the transcriptomic level between TRPS1::PLAG1 CMTs and other tumors. However, TRPS1 immunostaining did not correlate with TRPS1::PLAG1 fusion. In conclusion, we report that recurrent TRPS1::PLAG1 fusion CMTs exhibit similar characteristic histological features, including tubuloductal differentiation that is associated with squamous metaplasia in around half of cases. Detection of this fusion could be valuable in correctly identifying the origin of these tumors. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Characterization of early fatigue damage in CFRP unidirectional laminates based on Micro‐CT
Authors: Tianyu Zheng , Zhiming Liu , Yi Yin , Qingxin Gao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFatigue damages of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates are not obvious. Obtaining the evolution of the internal fatigue damage in CFRP laminates before visible cracks occur is of vital importance for ensuring structural reliability. Micro X‐ray computed tomography (Micro‐CT) can provide micron scale nondestructive imaging of internal structure of materials. In this paper, a preliminary study was conducted on the early fatigue damage evolution of 0° UD laminates. Axial tension‐tension fatigue tests of [0]16 CFRP laminates were carried out, and the evolutionary behavior of damages was confirmed by fatigue dissipated energy. Then, the internal damages of fatigued specimens were observed and reconstructed using Micro‐CT, and statistical parameters such as damage sphericity, length and angle were calculated. The spatial distribution characteristics of cracks were further acquired by surface porosity and frequency distribution of damage positions in ROI. Early damages from tensile‐tensile fatigue in 0° UD laminates extend along the fiber direction with original defects in the interlayer resin enrichment areas as the nucleus, and tend to concentrate near the width edge of the specimens. Finally, a “sandwich” structural model was developed to analyze the internal stresses of laminates under the influence of interlayer resin enrichment. The FEA results revealed that the internal stresses σy and σz concentrate near the width edges of the specimen, resulting in cracks tend to evolve more in the regions close to edges.Highlights
Imaging matrix cracks of specimens by Micro‐CT at 12.91 μm voxel size.
Demonstrating evolution patterns of cracks with its morphology statistics.
Revealing crack distributions in ROIs with variations of surface porosity.
Analyzing internal stress distribution by “sandwich” model created from reality.
Monomer unfolding of a bacterial ESCRT‐III superfamily member is coupled to oligomer disassembly
Authors: Quarta Ndjali , Bhandari Tika Ram , Girard Martin , Hellmann Nadja , Schneider Dirk 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe inner membrane associated protein of 30 kDa (IM30), a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT‐III) superfamily, is crucially involved in the biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. In solution, IM30 assembles into various large oligomeric barrel‐ or tube‐like structures, whereas upon membrane binding it forms large, flat carpet structures. Dynamic localization of the protein in solution, to membranes and changes of the oligomeric states are crucial for its in vivo function. ESCRT‐III proteins are known to form oligomeric structures that are dynamically assembled from monomeric/smaller oligomeric proteins, and thus these smaller building blocks must be assembled sequentially in a highly orchestrated manner, a still poorly understood process. The impact of IM30 oligomerization on function remains difficult to study due to its high intrinsic tendency to homo‐oligomerize. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the stability of individual helices in IM30 and identified unstable regions that may provide structural flexibility. Urea‐mediated disassembly of the IM30 barrel structures was spectroscopically monitored, as well as changes in the protein's tertiary and secondary structure. The experimental data were finally compared to a three‐state model that describes oligomer disassembly and monomer unfolding. In this study, we identified a highly stable conserved structural core of ESCRT‐III proteins and discuss the advantages of having flexible intermediate structures and their putative relevance for ESCRT‐III proteins.