bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient safety incidents in anaesthesia: a qualitative study of trainee experience from a single UK healthcare region*
Authors: Robinson Amelia , Kelsey Amanda , McDouall Sara , Higham Helen 
Published: November 2024

SummaryBackgroundAnaesthetic training has always had patient safety as part of the curriculum. However, there is limited emphasis on what happens when things do not go to plan. Our aims were to understand the impact of involvement in patient safety incidents on anaesthetic trainees in our region, to describe the range of support currently offered and put forward suggestions for improvement.MethodsAn initial electronic survey was sent to all anaesthetic trainees in a single UK healthcare region to capture qualitative and quantitative information on patient safety incidents. After completing the questionnaire, participants were asked to consent to involvement in a semi‐structured interview to provide a more detailed understanding of the impact of safety incidents. Data were analysed from the questionnaires and interview transcripts using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsThirty‐four completed questionnaires were analysed revealing 27 trainees had been involved in a patient safety incident. Ten semi‐structured interviews were conducted and six themes were identified: team dynamics (including adequacy of staffing and supportive departmental culture); context of the event; reflex immediate support post‐event; working environment pending completion of the investigation; personal impact (including physical and mental health); and suggestions for future support.ConclusionThis study has shown the significant impact of safety incidents on anaesthetic trainees in one training region in the UK and highlights the importance of implementing early, tailored debriefs led by trained facilitators, the value of a supportive work environment and the need to raise awareness of system‐based approaches to learning from incident investigations. Further research should guide the format and delivery of support for trainees to provide more helpful and timely interventions after patient safety incidents and reduce the risk of future harm to both patients and trainees.
Crisis geographies from above and below: Constructing globality during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Uyheng Joshua , Montiel Cristina Jayme , Sibayan Enrikko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we posit that the ‘global’ status of the pandemic is not an essentialized feature of the crisis, but a product of social construction by political leaders. More specifically, we examine how political leaders of a superpower and a peripheral nation produce the pandemic's globality through crisis geographies from above and below. Utilizing a mixed methods framework, we analyse public speeches by Donald Trump of the United States and Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines through a critical approach to text analytics. Quantitatively, we found that besides mentioning their own homelands, Western countries featured more prominently in Trump's speeches while Asian neighbours were more salient in Duterte's speeches during the pandemic. However, the United States and China were consistently the most central in the crisis geographies of the pandemic of both speakers. Qualitatively, we further characterized the discourses surrounding these global pronouncements as: (a) collective reflexive positioning on the world stage, (b) charting zones of hope and (c) scapegoating zones of blame. Taken together, implications of this work are discussed in terms of understanding pandemic leadership in national and international contexts, recognizing its negotiated embeddedness in global structural hierarchies and enhancing critical approaches to geopolitical psychology.
Investigating heterogeneity in IRTree models for multiple response processes with score‐based partitioning
Authors: Debelak Rudolf , Meiser Thorsten , Gernand Alicia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractItem response tree (IRTree) models form a family of psychometric models that allow researchers to control for multiple response processes, such as different sorts of response styles, in the measurement of latent traits. While IRTree models can capture quantitative individual differences in both the latent traits of interest and the use of response categories, they maintain the basic assumption that the nature and weighting of latent response processes are homogeneous across the entire population of respondents. In the present research, we therefore propose a novel approach for detecting heterogeneity in the parameters of IRTree models across subgroups that engage in different response behavior. The approach uses score‐based tests to reveal violations of parameter heterogeneity along extraneous person covariates, and it can be employed as a model‐based partitioning algorithm to identify sources of differences in the strength of trait‐based responding or other response processes. Simulation studies demonstrate generally accurate Type I error rates and sufficient power for metric, ordinal, and categorical person covariates and for different types of test statistics, with the potential to differentiate between different types of parameter heterogeneity. An empirical application illustrates the use of score‐based partitioning in the analysis of latent response processes with real data.
Sex influence on serotonergic modulation of the vascular noradrenergic drive in rats
Authors: Terol‐Úbeda Anaïs Clara , Fernández‐González Juan Francisco , Roldán‐Hernández Carlos Andrés , Martín María Luisa , Morán Asunción , García‐Domingo Mónica , García‐Pedraza José Ángel 
Published: November 2024

Background and PurposeIn male rats, the serotonergic system modulates sympathetic outflow at vascular levels, causing sympatho‐inhibition and sympatho‐excitation, mainly via 5‐HT1D/1A and 5‐HT3 receptors, respectively. However, sex influence on vascular serotonergic regulation has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to analyse the 5‐HT sympatho‐modulatory role in female rats, characterising the 5‐HT receptors involved.Experimental ApproachFemale Wistar (14‐ to 16‐week‐old) rats were prepared for sympathetic stimulation. Mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured. Vasopressor responses were obtained by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic outflow (0.1–5 Hz) or i.v. noradrenaline (0.01–0.5 μg·kg−1). 5‐HT‐related drug effects on adrenergic system were determined. Age‐matched male rats were used as control.Key ResultsBasal MBP in females was lower than in male rats, whereas electrical‐induced increases in MBP were similar. In females, 5‐HT exerted a dose‐dependent inhibition on the sympathetic‐evoked vasoconstrictions, that was reproduced by some agonists; 5‐CT (5‐HT1/5/7) and L‐694,247 (5‐HT1D), whereas the selective 5‐HT2A/2B/2C (α‐methyl‐5‐HT) and 5‐HT3 agonist (1‐PBG) increased the electrically‐produced vasopressor responses. None of the other drugs tested (targeting 5‐HT1A/1B/1F, 5‐HT2B/2C, 5‐HT4, 5‐HT5A or 5‐HT7) modified these vasoconstrictions. Only 1‐PBG (5‐HT3) modified the vasoconstrictions induced by exogenous noradrenaline.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn female rats, vascular serotonergic sympatholytic effects are due to prejunctional 5‐HT1D receptor activation, whereas pre and/or postjunctional 5‐HT3 and prejunctional 5‐HT2A receptor activation is involved in the potentiating effect of vascular sympathetic neurotransmission. These findings may open novel sex‐differential therapeutic strategies for treating cardiovascular conditions.
Camrelizumab combined with gemcitabine and apatinib in treating advanced PD‐L1‐positive biliary tract cancers
Authors: Tian Yitong , Li Changxian , Jin Ke , Ma Ling , Zhang Jiaguang , Zhang Xinyi , You Wei , Shen Haoyang , Ding Yuting , Qian Hao , Li Xiangcheng , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy has previously been demonstrated in patients with biliary tract cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab in combination with gemcitabine and apatinib as a first‐ or second‐line treatment for advanced programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1)‐positive biliary tract cancer. This prospective, single‐arm, and exploratory clinical trial aimed at recruiting 20 PD‐L1‐positive patients (tumor proportion score ≥1% or combined positive score ≥1) who met the inclusion criteria. Camrelizumab (200 mg) was administered in combination with gemcitabine (800 mg/m2) and apatinib (250 mg). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR), and the secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. Fourteen patients were enrolled between September 2, 2020, and December 15, 2022. At the data cutoff on August 16, 2023, the median follow‐up time was 11.4 months (interquartile range, 4.5–15.4), with one patient still undergoing treatment. Among the enrolled patients, six achieved a partial response, and four had stable disease. The ORR was 42.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.7–71.1), and the DCR was 71.4% (95% CI, 41.9–91.6). The median PFS was 5.4 months (95% CI, 2.8–not reached), and the median OS was 13.5 months (95% CI, 5.7–not reached). The most frequent grade 3 or 4 treatment‐related adverse event was neutropenia (n = 4, 29%). The combination of camrelizumab, gemcitabine, and apatinib showed promising efficacy and acceptable safety in patients with advanced PD‐L1‐positive biliary tract cancer.
Integrated machine learning to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients based on SARS‐COV‐2 and lung adenocarcinoma crosstalk genes
Authors: Wu Yanan , Cui Yishuang , Zheng Xuan , Yao Xuemin , Sun Guogui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractViruses are widely recognized to be intricately associated with both solid and hematological malignancies in humans. The primary goal of this research is to elucidate the interplay of genes between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), with a preliminary investigation into their clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms. Transcriptome data for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and LUAD were sourced from public databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were identified and subsequently overlapped with TCGA‐LUAD DEGs to discern the crosstalk genes (CGs). In addition, CGs pertaining to both diseases were further refined using LUAD TCGA and GEO datasets. Univariate Cox regression was conducted to identify genes associated with LUAD prognosis, and these genes were subsequently incorporated into the construction of a prognosis signature using 10 different machine learning algorithms. Additional investigations, including tumor mutation burden assessment, TME landscape, immunotherapy response assessment, as well as analysis of sensitivity to antitumor drugs, were also undertaken. We discovered the risk stratification based on the prognostic signature revealed that the low‐risk group demonstrated superior clinical outcomes (p < 0.001). Gene set enrichment analysis results predominantly exhibited enrichment in pathways related to cell cycle. Our analyses also indicated that the low‐risk group displayed elevated levels of infiltration by immunocytes (p < 0.001) and superior immunotherapy response (p < 0.001). In our study, we reveal a close association between CGs and the immune microenvironment of LUAD. This provides preliminary insight for further exploring the mechanism and interaction between the two diseases.
Fasudil Alleviates Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Mice by Downregulating the Surface Expression of α5GABAAR in Hippocampus
Authors: Dong Jinpeng , Wang Zhun , Li Lixuan , Zhang Mengxue , Wang Sixuan , Luo Yuan , Dong Ying , Wang Xiaokun , Wang Yongan , Wang Kaiyuan , Yin Yiqing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimPostoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) refers to the cognitive impairment experienced by patients after surgery. As a target of sevoflurane, a kind of inhalation anesthetic, the balance of the GABAergic system can be disrupted during the perioperative period. In this study, we explored the promoting effect of abnormal elevation of the α5 subtype of γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors caused by sevoflurane and surgical trauma on PND, as well as the therapeutic effect of fasudil on PND.MethodsEight‐week‐old mice were pretreated with fasudil, and after 10 days, sevoflurane‐induced femoral fracture surgery was performed to establish an animal model of PND. The Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests were used to evaluate PND induced by this model. Biochemical and electrophysiological analyses were conducted to assess the protective effect of fasudil on the GABAergic system.ResultsFollowing artificial fracture, the hippocampus‐dependent memory was damaged in these mice. Fasudil pretreatment, however, ameliorated cognitive function impairment in mice induced by sevoflurane and surgery. Mechanistically, fasudil was found to restore the increased hippocampus expression and function of α5GABAARs in mice with PND. In addition, pretreatment with Fasudil inhibited the enhancement in the calcium ion concentration and phosphorylation of Camk2, as well as the activation of the Radixin pathway which led to increased phosphorylation of the ERM family in the hippocampal CA1 region of the PND model.ConclusionPreadministration of fasudil improved postoperative cognitive function in PND mice by inhibiting the activation of Camk2 and Radixin pathways and finally downregulating the surface expression of α5GABAAR in hippocampus neurons.
Overlooked biocrust impacts on surface soil thermal properties: Evidence from heat‐pulse sensing on large volume samples
Authors: Chen Junru , Xiao Bo , Heitman Joshua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiocrusts are a critical surface cover in global drylands, but knowledge about their influences on surface soil thermal properties are still lacking because it is quite challenging to make accurate thermal property measurements for biocrust layers, which are only millimetres thick. In this study, we repacked biocrust layers (moss‐ and cyanobacteria‐dominated, respectively) that had the same material as the original intact biocrusts but was more homogeneous and thicker. The thermal conductivity (λ), heat capacity (C) and thermal diffusivity (k) of the repacked and intact biocrusts were measured by the heat pulse (HP) technique at different mass water contents (θm) and mass ratios (Wt), and the differences between repacked and intact biocrusts were analysed. Our results show that biocrusts substantially alter the thermal properties of the soil surface. The average λ of moss (0.37 W m−1 K−1) and cyanobacteria biocrusts (0.90 W m−1 K−1) were reduced by 63.0% and 10.3% compared with bare soil (1.00 W m−1 K−1), respectively. Edge effects including heat loss and water evaporation caused the λ and k of the biocrusts to be underestimated, but the C to be overestimated. The differences in thermal properties were significant (p <0.001), except for the differences in thermal conductivity between repacked and intact cyanobacteria biocrusts, which were not significant (p = 0.379). Specifically, in the volumetric water content (θv) range of 0 to 20%, the λ and k of the repacked moss biocrusts were underestimated by 59.1% and 61.8%, respectively, and the C was overestimated by 23.9% compared with the intact moss biocrusts. The λ and k of the repacked cyanobacteria biocrusts were underestimated by 15.8% and 79.2%, respectively, and the C was overestimated by 34.8% compared with the intact cyanobacteria biocrusts at the θv range of 0 to 30%. Typically, this difference increased as the θv rises between repacked and intact biocrusts. Our new measurements provide evidence that the thermal properties of biocrusts were previously misjudged due to the measurement limitations imposed by their limited thickness when measured in situ. Biocrusts are likely more significant in regulating soil heat and temperature in drylands than was previously assumed.
Married and cohabiting women's financial empowerment: A study on women's bank account ownership in Spain
Authors: Çineli Beyda , González M. José 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to examine the conditions under which young adult women (aged 25–50) in heterosexual couples maintain their economic independence through a personal bank account.BackgroundResearch has shown that in Spain, the pooling of economic resources is seen as an important aspect of being a couple and as a symbol of togetherness. However, in practice, joint management can be characterized by inequalities on several levels, such as access to money, control over money, and personal spending. Few studies have focused on household financial organization in Spain, and studies of women's financial autonomy are lacking.MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of couples aged 25–50 in Spain (N = 1,281) using data from the 2020 National Survey on Family Life.ResultsThe findings reveal that women are significantly less likely to have a personal bank account if either partner does not endorse values of economic autonomy, the couple is married with children, or, if the male partner earns significantly more.ConclusionThe results suggest that there is still a long way to go for Spain to reach the levels of women's account ownership seen in countries such as those in Northern Europe. It is important to incorporate women's account ownership into the investigation of financial organization, given its substantial implications for women within couples and those navigating relationship dissolution.ImplicationsGovernment programs should promote women's account ownership. Also, policies targeting financial literacy can incorporate dimensions such as basic budgeting, saving, and debt management so that women can gain further financial skills.
Building Engagement‐Capable Environments for Health System Transformation: Development and Early Implementation of a Capability Framework for Patient, Family and Caregiver Engagement in Ontario Health Teams
Authors: Abelson Julia , Tripp Laura , Abdelhalim Reham , Hives Lotje , Kristy Betty‐Lou , Smith Maureen , Tenhagen Laura , Wingham‐Smith Lindsay ,   the Engagement Capable OHT Working Group
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite widespread calls to involve patients, families and caregivers (PFCs) as partners at all levels of health system planning and design, there is unevenness in how engagement efforts are supported across these settings. The concept of ‘engagement‐capable environments’ offers a way forward to uncover the key requirements for sustainable, high‐quality engagement, but more work is needed to identify the specific competencies required to create these environments. We addressed this gap by developing a capability framework for Ontario Health Teams (OHTs), a newly established structure for planning, designing, organizing and delivering care in Ontario, Canada.MethodsThe framework was co‐developed by a Working Group of OHT staff and leaders, PFC partners, researchers and government personnel. Project activities occurred over four phases: (1) planning, (2) evidence review and surveying of intended users to identify key competencies, (3) framework design and (4) implementation.ResultsAn evidence review identified more than 90 potential competencies for this work. These results were contextualized and expanded through a survey of OHT stakeholders to brainstorm potential competencies, supports and enablers for engagement. Surveys were completed by 69 individuals; 689 knowledge and skill competency statements, 462 attitude and behaviour competency statements and 250 supports and enablers were brainstormed. The statements were analysed and organized into initial competency categories, which were reviewed, discussed and iteratively refined by Working Group members and through broader consultations with the OHT community. The final framework includes six competency domains and four support and enabler domains, each with sub‐domain elements, mapped across a three‐stage maturity model. The framework has been disseminated across OHTs, and its adoption and implementation are now requirements within OHT agreements.ConclusionThe framework combines a strong conceptual foundation with actionable elements informed by the literature and consultations with the intended users of the framework. Although developed for OHTs, the framework should be broadly applicable to other health system organizations seeking similar health system transformation goals.Patient ContributionPatient, family and caregiver partners were involved at all stages and in all aspects of the work. As end users of the framework, their perspectives, knowledge and opinions were critical.
Exploring Positive Emotions and Teaching Effectiveness in Language Education: Insights From the PERMA Model
Authors: Leng Lu , Zhang Lawrence Jun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPositive emotions play a significant role in facilitating successful language learning by enhancing motivation, engagement, and overall academic achievements. Nonetheless, there remains a paucity of research exploring how language educators perceive and manifest positive emotions in the context of their teaching practices. This study endeavors to fill this gap by exploring the experiences, practices, and beliefs of language educators regarding positive emotions in effective teaching. Additionally, it seeks to elucidate the pedagogical strategies they associate with fostering conducive learning environments through the lens of Seligman's PERMA model. Employing thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews with 60 Chinese language educators, the study uncovers key positive emotions integral to effective teaching, including passion, trust, joy, and empathy. Despite the prevalence of these positive emotions, teachers reported a diminished sense of meaning and accomplishment when instructing foreign languages in comparison to the engagement and relationship elements outlined in the PERMA model. The findings shed light on a spectrum of teaching strategies embraced by these educators that align with the components of the PERMA model. By illuminating the affective dimension of language teaching, this study not only provides valuable insights into understanding positive emotions, engagement, and relationships in language education but also offers practical implications for integrating PERMA elements into language teaching and learning practices.
Editor's Highlights — December 2024
Authors: Kemény Lajos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect over a billion individuals worldwide, predominantly in low‐income countries in tropical and subtropical areas. These diseases frequently result in chronic and debilitating health conditions that significantly diminish the quality of life, often leading to social isolation. The frequent dermatological manifestations underscore the role of dermatologists in managing NTDs. This editorial highlights the crucial role of dermatologists in diagnosing and treating NTDs, focusing on four key diseases: Monkeypox (Mpox) infection, scabies, leprosy, and leishmaniasis.