bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of (dibenzyl sulphoxide-κO)dibromido-bis(4-bromobenzyl-κC)tin(IV), C28H26Br4OSSn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
C28H26Br4OSSn, monoclinic, Cm (no. 8), a = 8.4055(1) Å, b = 26.9988(3) Å, c = 6.4207(1) Å, β = 98.164(1)°, V = 1442.34(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0174, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0454, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of (4-chloro-N-[(2-oxido-5-chlorophenyl)methylidene] benzene-carbohydrazonato-κ3
N,O,O′)bis(2-fluorobenzyl)tin(IV), C28H20Cl2F2N2O2Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
C28H20Cl2F2N2O2Sn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 27.8125(4) Å, b = 8.4443(2) Å, c = 10.7891(1) Å, β = 91.074(1)° V = 2533.45(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0600, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1608, T = 100(2) K.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of N′-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-fluorobenzohydrazide monohydrate, C16H17FN2O4
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
C16H17FN2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.23280(10) Å, b = 12.9330(2) Å, c = 12.3477(2) Å, β = 97.383(1)°, V = 1462.19(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0318, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0861, T = 100(2) K.
TiO2 microrods with stacked 3D nanovoids for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Mamon Filip , Fajgar Radek , Jandova Vera , Koci Eva , Jakubec Ivo , Zhigunov Alexander , Brovdyova Tatjana , Bakardjieva Snejana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper reports an original nonstandard green concept to obtain TiO2 microrods with polyhedral densely stacked 3D nanovoids prepared via the heat treatment of a hydrogen titanate. The intermediate hydrogen titanate was synthesized by a solid-liquid-solid (SLS) route from an ammonia-saturated aqueous solution of TiOSO4 at 0 °C. The effect of the postgrowth thermal annealing procedure to remove ice (water) and the proposed mechanism to explain the underlying transitions from the intermediate precursor to nanostructured TiO2 microrods with stacked 3D nanovoids were investigated. The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis indicates that at temperatures above 500 °C, the release of confined ice (water) takes place, which leads to the creation of self-assembled polyhedral nanovoids open to the surface. Their size ranges from 5 to 78 nm in both length and width, with a depth of ~3.88 nm. The first use of these stacked 1D TiO2 microrods as the working electrode in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for water splitting is demonstrated. The estimated value of ζ-potential depends on both annealing temperature and crystallite size. Anatase sample 1D TiO/800 with ζ-potential (−29.1) mV and average crystallite size ~68 nm was observed to be highly stable in aqueous suspension. The SLS method yields low-cost 1D TiO2 materials possessing high photoreactivity with water. The PEC measurements indicate that three-dimensional hollow structures with a controlled geometry via patterned 1D TiO2 surface are promising materials for hydrogen generation from water splitting.
Building science approaches for vapor intrusion studies
Authors: Shirazi Elham , Ojha Sweta , Pennell Kelly G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndoor air concentrations are susceptible to temporal and spatial variations and have long posed a challenge to characterize for vapor intrusion scientists, in part, because there was a lack of evidence to draw conclusions about the role that building and weather conditions played in altering vapor intrusion exposure risks. Importantly, a large body of evidence is available within the building science discipline that provides information to support vapor intrusion scientists in drawing connections about fate and transport processes that influence exposure risks. Modeling tools developed within the building sciences provide evidence of reported temporal and spatial variation of indoor air contaminant concentrations. In addition, these modeling tools can be useful by calculating building air exchange rates (AERs) using building specific features. Combining building science models with vapor intrusion models, new insight to facilitate decision-making by estimating indoor air concentrations and building ventilation conditions under various conditions can be gained. This review highlights existing building science research and summarizes the utility of building science models to improve vapor intrusion exposure risk assessments.
Community resilience and critical transformations: the case of St. Gabriel, Louisiana
Authors: Irving Jennifer K. , Reams Margaret 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Community resilience, the ability of a community to respond positively to adverse situations, is an increasingly important topic in public health. Many resilience frameworks are grounded in concepts initially developed by ecologists to describe and explain the capacity of complex systems, such as a community, to persist or return to its original state following disturbances. As a result, much of the research on resilience is concerned with maintaining systems in their current form, preventing degradation, or promoting recovery. However, for a system that is stuck in a trap, or an unfavorable state, deliberate efforts to build the components that contribute to resilience, called adaptive capacities, may enable that system to reorganize after a disturbance to reach a more favorable state.

Objective
The purpose of this research was to apply a resilience framework to analyze how the community of St. Gabriel, Louisiana adapted in response to environmental change.

Methods
We used qualitative case-study methodologies to systematically collect newspaper articles, which served as primary data sources to examine how resilience and adaptive capacity evolved in the community of St. Gabriel, Louisiana.

Results
Key events in the recent history of St. Gabriel include industrial development, growing concern about environmental health and pollution, the environmental justice (EJ) movement, and the incorporation of the community as a self-governing municipality. Two events, the community’s organized resistance to a large hazardous waste facility and the change in government structure, represent critical transformations, or fundamental changes in how the community functions.

Conclusion
The incorporation of St. Gabriel gave community members more input in planning and development decisions. As a result, the community has taken steps to improve public health in the form of zoning ordinances to prevent new exposure risks and building community infrastructure, such as a new sewer system and a recreation center.
Reason and Dreaming inRepublic IX and theTimaeus
Authors: Thein Karel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe article discusses two passages,Republic IX 571d6–572b1, andTimaeus71a3–72b5, where Plato does not use dream as a metaphor for the soul’s deficit in knowledge but, instead, focuses on the actual process of dreaming during sleep, and the origin and nature of the images involved. In both texts, Plato’s account is closely connected to the soul’s tripartition, with the resulting emphasis on reason’s capacity to control, and even to create, the dream images that influence the lower parts of the soul. While taking a closer look at the differences between the two accounts (and, therefore, at the physiology of dreaming described only in theTimaeus), the article concludes that, despite these differences, both dialogues agree on the possible alliance between reason and dreaming, an alliance that presupposes a virtuous character and further reinforces the reason’s dominance over appetite.Republic IX and theTimaeusthus converge on the idea that dreams, in virtue of their continuity with waking thoughts, can convey and fortify a certain kind of knowledge, and especially self-knowledge, which is of an ethical rather than strictly epistemic relevance. This is also why Plato’s two accounts of rational dreaming anticipate the issue of our moral responsibility for the content of our dreams.
Aristotle on Self-Change in Plants
Authors: Coren Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA lot of scholarly attention has been given to Aristotle’s account of how and why animals are capable of moving themselves. But no one has focused on the question, whether self-change is possible in plants on Aristotle’s account. I first give some context and explain why this topic is worth exploring. I then turn to Aristotle’s conditions for self-change given in Physics VIII.4, where he argues that the natural motion of the elements does not count as self-motion. I apply those conditions to natural change in plants. Then I explore the reasons for and consequences of Aristotle’s argument that plants are incapable of sensation. I argue that for Aristotle plants cannot possess the directing faculties for self-change, namely, desire and phantasia. My goal is to show why growth, metabolism, and reproduction in plants would not count as self-change for Aristotle, despite many of these natural changes appearing as autonomous as the analogous changes in animals. This sheds light on how, for Aristotle, self-change differs from natural change.
The Stages of Moral Education in Aristotle’sEthicsandPolitics
Authors: Chen Siyi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractI wish to prove in this article that Aristotle divides the ideal scheme of moral education into three stages: first, preliminary education, the most important part of which is the young’s musical-poetic education presented in Politics VIII.5–7; second, moral habituation, in the strict sense explained in Nicomachean Ethics II.1–4, which corresponds to the adult citizens’ military and subordinate political life, in which they learn how to rule through being ruled; finally, theoretical moral education, which means the learning of Nicomachean Ethics and Politics by those mature statesmen who wish to become excellent public educators.
The contribution of narrative semiotics of experiential imaginary to the ideation of new digital customer experiences
Authors: Taupin Philippe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Innovating new experiences is an innovation strategy that increases product differentiation and the perceived value of offers for future autonomous cars. Young Chinese customers are a relevant target group of lead users to co-create those experiences. We address the co-creation of memorable and engaging experiences with targeted potential users and the building of the meaning of experiential imaginary that results from innovations (based on digital media) echoing the need for sensory atmospherics while strolling in the city. We aim at understanding how customers can co-create meaningful experiences. We analyze the narrative structures of the experiential imaginaries, considering the narratives as a major component of ambiance experiences and imaginary. With an empirical approach that associates projective techniques to semiotic analysis of the corresponding narratives, we describe the structural system of the experiential imaginary of young Chinese customers when imagining driving in the city in tomorrow’s cars. Semiotics offers a novel contribution to innovation marketing and idea generation of experiential innovations. This theoretical stance valorizes the outside-in paradigm of future lead-users as co-creators of innovative experiences, whose imaginary narratives are raw materials for creativity. This approach is an alternative to brainstorming and its limits for creating disruptive innovations.
Strategische Herausforderungen und Handlungsoptionen westlicher Politik im nördlichen Atlantik
Authors: Stöhs Jeremy , Pawlak Julian 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Entlang seiner nördlichen Küsten und Meere sieht sich der Westen erneut mit altbekannten, aber nicht weniger besorgniserregenden sicherheitspolitischen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Die Wiederkehr der militärischen Konkurrenz zwischen Russland auf der einen und der nordatlantischen Verteidigungsallianz sowie ihrer Partner auf der anderen Seite hat strategische Myopien aufgedeckt, welche die westliche Verteidigungsplanung im letzten Vierteljahrhundert kennzeichneten. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es notwendig, die Reduktionen der Seestreitkräfte in Nordeuropa und den damit einhergehenden Verlust wichtiger maritimer Fähigkeiten aufzuarbeiten. Militärische Kapazitäten zur Landes-und Bündnisverteidigung müssen verbessert werden, um aktuelle und künftige Risiken im Nordatlantik und den europäischen Randmeeren effektiv bewältigen zu können. Diese Herausforderungen beschränken sich nicht länger nur auf das untere Ende des Intensitätsspektrums, schließen es jedoch mit ein. Daher ist es für die Seestreitkräfte der NATO-Mitgliederstaaten und ihrer Partner von Bedeutung, sich auf ein breites Spektrum von Einsatzszenarien vorzubereiten und eine ähnlich kurzsichtige Politik und strategische Planung der vergangenen drei Jahrzehnte zu vermeiden.
A comparison of shape-based matching with deep-learning-based object detection
Authors: Ulrich Markus , Follmann Patrick , Neudeck Jan-Hendrik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Matching, i. e. determining the exact 2D pose (e. g., position and orientation) of objects, is still one of the key tasks in machine vision applications like robot navigation, measuring, or grasping an object. There are many classic approaches for matching, based on edges or on the pure gray values of the template. In recent years, deep learning has been utilized mainly for more difficult tasks where the objects of interest are from many different categories with high intra-class variations and classic algorithms are failing. In this work, we compare one of the latest deep-learning-based object detectors with classic shape-based matching. We evaluate the methods both on a matching dataset as well as an object detection dataset that contains rigid objects and is thus also suitable for shape-based matching. We show that for datasets of this type, where rigid objects appear with rigid transformations, shape-based matching still outperforms recent object detectors regarding runtime, robustness, and precision if only a single template image per object is used. On the other hand, we show that for the application of object detection, the deep-learning-based approach outperforms the classic approach if annotated data is used for training. Ultimately, the choice of the best suited approach depends on the conditions and requirements of the application.
Sozialer Status, Altruistisches Geben und Reziprozität: Befunde aus einem Quasi-Experiment mit Probanden aus den USA
Authors: Tutić Andreas , Liebe Ulf 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Zusammenhang zwischen sozialem Status und prosozialen Handeln ist in der empirischen Sozialforschung umstritten. In der Sozialpsychologie dominiert, gestützt auf einer Vielzahl an Untersuchungen mit Probanden aus den USA und kleinen Fallzahlen, die Ansicht, dass statushohe Akteure weniger prosozial und unethischer handeln als statusniedrige Akteure. Soziologische Studien mit europäischen Probanden kommen im Allgemeinen zum konträren Befund. In unserer Studie haben 1003 Probanden aus den USA drei Arten von Diktatorspielen absolviert, die drei unterschiedliche Formen prosozialen Handelns – altruistisches Geben, direkte und indirekte Reziprozität – abbilden. Es zeigt sich durchweg, dass Akteure mit hohem Status mehr abgeben als Akteure mit geringem Status. Zugleich finden sich Anzeichen dafür, dass statushohe Akteure eher zu direkter Reziprozität und statusniedrige Akteure eher zu indirekter Reziprozität tendieren.
Zwischen Pflichten und Fiktionen
Authors: Sahr Aaron 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungGeld wird zumeist als besonderer Tauschwert untersucht. Die politische Soziologie des Geldes konzentriert sich folgerichtig auf Wertkonflikte. Bisher hat auch die Theoriedebatte zwischen traditionellen Waren- und heterodoxen Kredittheorien des Geldes daran kaum etwas geändert. Die soziologische Relevanz der Kredittheorien bleibt umstritten, auch weil das empirische Erkenntnispotential konzeptueller Umstellungen unzureichend untersucht ist. Am Beispiel des TARGET2-Systems der Eurozone bietet dieser Beitrag erstens eine soziologische Übersetzung der Kredittheorien alsbeziehungstheoretische Forschungsperspektivean. Diese untersucht Geld als Geflecht durch Gläubiger-Schuldner-Beziehungen verbundener Bilanzen. Zweitens wird geprüft, inwiefern diese Übersetzung Erkenntnisgewinne im Hinblick auf die politische Dimensionalität des europäischen Geldes generiert. TARGET2 wird als Versuch der unvollständigen Kopplung nationaler Geldgeflechte analysiert und die politische Auseinandersetzung um die Deutung der Salden damit als Beziehungskonflikt rekonstruiert.
Shoppen, Surfen, Socializen – Aktuelle Konsumtrends hybrider Konsumenten in der Innenstadt
Authors: Hilpert Markus , Völkening Niklas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the recent past, a change in consumer behavior has accelerated the change in inner cities: Hybrid consumption is characterized by an “as well as” behavior when shopping. This phenomenon can be researched using the example of an annual passer-by survey in the test city of Augsburg. It turns out that increasingly different motives than shopping are crucial for the inner city visit. Correspondingly, consumer spending is also declining. This is why retail sales are coming under increasing pressure despite the increasing number of visitors.
Gleicher Lohn für gleiche Arbeit im öffentlichen Dienst?
Authors: Mudrack Tony , Stoffels Mario 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The individual pay level is an emotionally discussed subject. Some pay differentials evince significant characteristics which are analysed in scientific literature. There are three significant pay gaps of particular significance to Germany: the gender pay gap between women and men of more than 20 percent, the regional pay gap especially between West and East Germany caused by differences in productivity and the pay gap between the private and public sector.
This article investigates a previously unobserved pay gap within the public sector. By analysing a data collection, specific pay differentials in municipal administrations are determined. These differentials exist despite identical labour output in administration services in German municipalities and are caused by specific regional and economic determinants. So, the municipalities of East German Federal States and financially weak West German Federal States evince a pay level of municipal employees below average. Generally, there is a significant pay gap between East and West German municipalities.
In addition, this article analyses the structure of the identified pay differences by separating the municipal employees according to their specific pay and qualification categories. As a result, East German municipalities have a smaller number of staff in the higher grade of the civil service and their pay level is below average. This effect is compensated by a higher number of staff in the middle grade of the civil service. The pay level of municipal employees in the middle grade of the civil service does not indicate significant difference among German municipalities. There are similar results in municipalities of financially weak West German Federal States.
Despite identical administration services in municipalities, the pay level and pay structure evince interjurisdictional differentials. The results suggest that equal pay for equal work is not even in public service.
Asymmetrische Information auf dem Handwerksmarkt – eine qualitative Analyse
Authors: Proeger Till , Rupieper Li Kathrin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The code of craft regulation constitutes the legal base for craft and trade occupations in Germany. Resulting from a deregulation in 2004, the requirement to obtain a degree of higher occupational training, which used to be obligatory for founding a business, was dropped for about half of the occupations regulated by this code. While this deregulation has been frequently analyzed from a competition economics’ perspective, evidence regarding the information economics’ aspect of this deregulation is lacking. It is of particular relevance whether the deregulation fostered market failures due to “market-for-lemons” issues or, to the contrary, whether market-endogenous information instruments have emerged – a question located at the pivot of the economic discussion of the craft regulation. This study uses a qualitative research approach and analyzes 268 interviews with firms and customers on craft fairs to examine informational asymmetries on the market for craft services as well as market instruments for their compensation. We find evidence that strong informational asymmetries exist and are compensated by regional reputation building of firms. Further, we show that no formal informational mechanisms have emerged that could determine service quality ex ante. Based upon those results, suggestions for the further study of the informational properties of the craft market are presented.
Der Fiskalpakt: Schlüssel für dauerhaft solide Finanzen in der Eurozone?
Authors: Afflatet Nicolas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Fiscal Compact had seemed to be one of the lessons learned from the Euro crisis. It was supposed to ensure that member states follow more ambitious fiscal targets. First results however show that fiscal indicators have not substantially improved. Public debt is higher than at the beginning of the crisis and consolidation efforts were limited. The outook for European public debt and the stability of the Eurozone is thereby not promising.
CO2-Preis jetzt – sozialverträglich und verursachergerecht
Authors: Lessenich Stephan , Lange Jörg 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The urgency of effective climate action measures and the practical experience in the context of the existing European Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) are striking arguments for the introduction of uniform prices on CO₂ emissions: as a minimum price in the ETS and as a reform of existing tax rates on fossil fuels (CO₂ tax) for heating and transport (Non-ETS). In order for CO₂ pricing not to become a mere instrument of rising government revenues, the options currently under consideration are the counter-financing of existing taxes and levies that reduces electricity prices or a per capita refund (climate bonus) for households. Both result initially in very similar distributional effects: the lower the household income, the higher the initial financial relief. Compared to the counter-financing of the EEG levy, climate bonuses are expected to have stronger rebound effects and the reduction of bureaucracy and promotion of the efficient use of renewable energy in heating and transport (sector coupling) would be waived. Thus a counter-financing, in particular the EEG levy in order to lower electricity costs, is a priority. In order to adequately address social hardships, only few socio-political accompanying measures would be needed that are largely independent of the pricing mechanism.
Eine CO2-Steuer als Instrument der Klimapolitik: notwendig, aber nur im Gesamtpaket wirkungsvoll und sozial gerecht
Authors: Thomas Stefan , Fischedick Manfred , Schneidewind Uwe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A CO2 price is a central instrument to enable and facilitate a comprehensive decarbonisation of the economy. It can be implemented by different instruments, particularly in the form of a CO2 tax. It is important, however, that a CO2 price alone – due to the manifold obstacles (including non-economic barriers) – cannot replace sectoral goals and instruments. Rather, it must be implemented as a complement to sector-specific climate protection instruments. The article provides information on how a CO2 price can be shaped in a concrete and appropriate form.