bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Secondary Metabolites Screening and the Effectiveness (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr of the Queen Pineapple Stems in Decreasing the Number of Enterococcus faecalis’s Colonies
Authors: Febrianti Shinta Nurmaraya , Cevanti Twi Agnita Agnita , Sumekar Henu 
Published: August 2018

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> A cause of endodontic treatment failure was sterilization process error so that bacterias still left in the root canal. Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to sterilization medicines, it was necessary to develop natural sterilization medicines such as the Queen pineapple stems that had the antibacterial content. <strong>Purpose:</strong> </em><em>The aim of this research was to </em><em>determine</em><em> the effectivity </em><em>of the Queen pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) stems extract in decreasing the Enterococcus faecalis’s colonies <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This research was true experimental with the post test only control group design. The Queen pineapple stems extract tested its secondary metabolites contents. Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth synchronized with Mc Farland 0,5 solution and divided into seven groups (n=7). It used dilution series method, each BHIB tube given by the 100% extract (P1); 50% (P2); 25% (P3); 12,5% (P4) ; 6,25% (P5) ; 3,125% (P6) and without the extract( K(-)), incubated for 24 hours and streaked on Mueller Hinton Agar and incubated for 24 hours, then calculate the colonies’ amount ofrr each group. Datas analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-Test because only 50% and 25% concentration can be calculated. <strong>Result:</strong> The result showed that the Queen pineapple stems contained flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, also there were significant differences among the 50% and 25% concentration groups p&lt;0.05. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The Queen pineapple stems extract’s 50% concentration was effective to decrease the number of Enterococcus faecalis’s colonies.</em></p>
Pengaruh Pemberian Gel Teripang Emas Terhadap Jumlah Osteoklas di Daerah Tekana Pada Remodeling Tulang Pergerakan Gigi Ortodonti
Authors: Wijaya Stefany , Prameswari Noengki , Tandjung Maria Lisdiana 
Published: August 2018

<p><strong>L</strong><strong>ata</strong><strong>r Belakang: </strong>Perawatan ortodonti membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk terjadinya pergerakan gigi dan remodeling tulang. Teripang emas memiliki berbagai kandungan seperti EPA-DHA, kalsium, magnesium, flavonoid, dan triterpenoid yang mungkin dapat menurunkan jumlah osteoklas. Penelitian teripang emas terhadap osteoklas pada remodeling tulang belum pernah diteliti. <strong>Tujuan: </strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh gel teripang emas terhadap jumlah osteoklas di daerah tekanan pada remodeling tulang pergerakan gigi ortodontik. <strong>Metode: </strong>Empat puluh delapan <em>Cavia cobaya </em>jantan dibagi dalam delapan kelompok. (K1) dan (K3) kontrol negatif selama 6 dan 14 hari. (K2) dan (K4) kontrol positif selama 6 dan 14 hari dengan pemberian karet separator dan gel NaCMC. (P1), (P3) dan (P2), (P4) diberi perlakuan selama 6 dan 14 hari dengan pemberian karet separator dan gel teripang emas 3% dan 3,5%. Hasil data yang diperoleh osteoklas dihitung dengan preparat histologi dengan pewarnaan HE dan dilihat menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 400x, lalu dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil penelitian: Pada analisis deskriptif rata-rata pada kelompok K1, K2, K3, K4, P1, P2, P3, and P4 are (3,33 ± 1,211), (10,67 ± 1,211), (8,33 ± 0,816), (4,33 ± 1,211), (3 ± 0,894), (14,3 ± 1,633), (9,33 ±</p><p>1,366), and (12,67 ± 2,338<em>)</em>Uji ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada jumlah osteoklas. Uji LSD memperlihatkan perbedaan bermakna pada jumlah osteoklas pada semua kelompok. <strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Gel teripang emas dengan konsentrasi 3,5% lebih efektif pada hari ke 6, dan konsentrasi gel teripang emas 3% lebih efektif pada hari ke-14 menurunkan jumlah osteoklas di daerah tekanan remodeling tulang pergerakan gigi ortodonti.</p>
Perbedaan Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Mangrove Acanthus Ilicifolius Dengan Sodium Bikarbonat 5% Terhadap Penurunan Jumlah Koloni Candida Albicans Pada Perendaman Nilon Termoplastik
Authors: Prabowo Aviyuda , Teguh Paulus Budi , Andriani Dwi 
Published: August 2018

<p><strong><em>Latar belakang: </em></strong><em>Nilon termoplastik merupakan salah satu bahan basis gigi tiruan</em><em> yang sering digunakan.</em><em> Pembersihan gigi tiruan dengan cara merendam akan mengurangi akumulasi kalkulus dan perlekatan Candida albicans (C.albicans). B</em><em>ahan yang </em><em>sering </em><em>digunakan yaitu Sodium bikarbonat 5% namun memiliki kekurangan. Daun mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius dapat menjadi alternative herbal sebagai bahan pembersih gigi tiruan karena mempunyai daya anti jamur</em><em> dan</em><em> anti bakteri</em><em>. </em><strong><em>Tujuan</em></strong><em>: Untuk membandingkan perbedaan efektivitas daya anti C.albicans ekstrak daun Mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius dengan sodium bikarbonat 5% pada perendaman nilon termoplastik</em><em>.</em><em> </em><strong><em>Metode</em></strong><em>:</em><em> Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik eksperimental laboratories</em><em> dengan r</em><em>ancangan penelitian post test</em><em> only </em><em>group design</em><em>. </em><em>Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah nilon termoplastik yang direndam selama 5 menit dan dibagi dalam </em><em>5</em><em> kelompok</em><em> yaitu</em><em>, kelompok </em><em>Kontrol negatif (DMSO 1%), kelompok kontrol positif (Sodium bikarbonat 5%), </em><em>dan kelompok perlakuan </em><em>dengan </em><em>ekstrak daun </em><em>Acanthus ilicifolius </em><em>1%, </em><em>0,5</em><em>%, </em><em>0,25</em><em>%</em><em>. Sebanyak 0,1 ml dari Sabouroud broth yang telah terkontaminasi C.albicans setelah perendaman nilon termoplastik kemudian </em><em>dibiakkan pada media Sabouroud dextrose agar</em><em> dan</em><em> diinkubasi selama 24 ja</em><em>m lalu dihitung menggunakan colony counter dengan satuan CFU/mL. </em><em>Data diolah dengan </em><em>uji one way anova lalu dilanjutkan dengan tes LSD. <strong>Hasil</strong>: </em><em>T</em><em>erdapat perbedaan jumlah koloni C.albicans yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan perlakuan ekstrak 1% dan 0,5% </em><em>(P&lt;0,05) ter</em><em>dapat perbedaan yang </em><em>tidak </em><em>signifikan antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok </em><em>perlakuan 3 (P3)</em><em> (P&gt;0,05). <strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Terdapat perbedaan efektivitas daya anti C.albicans ekstrak daun Mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius </em><em>konsentrasi 1% dan 0,5% </em><em>dengan sodium bikarbonat 5% pada perendaman nilon termoplastik</em><em>.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p>
Nonculturable forms of bacteria in lyophilized probiotic preparations
Authors: Blinkova Larisa , Martirosyan Danik M , Pakhomov Yury , Dmitrieva Olga , Vaughan Rachel , Altshuler Michael 
Published: August 2018

Background: Nonculturable cells are formed under stress. These viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells retain the ability to revert to active growth and division when conditions become favorable, or after treatment with resuscitating factors. Information about the possible presence of VBNC in bacterial lyophilized probiotic preparations, foodstuffs, live vaccines, etc., indicates that human as well as animal intestines are a significant area for research.Methods: Samples were stored for different periods of time (up to 30 years) according to the manufacturers’ manuals. Total counts were conducted using the Goryaev-Thoma counting chamber and actual viability was assessed by luminescence microscopy after staining with Live/Dead® (Baclight™). CFU/ml counts were made using solid or semisolid media. Viable cells that lacked the ability to form colonies were considered VBNC.Results: We studied 11 batches of commercial probiotics (Russia) from different sources, containing lyophilized E. coli, lactobacilli, or bifidobacteria, in ampoules or vials. In E. coli preparations, depending on storage periods, the amounts of VBNC varied from 4.1% (3 years) to 99.7% (30 years) and showed different total viability (52.2 – 91.3%), as well as the percentage of VBNC cells. A different sample that had been expired for 11 years was 79.5% NC. It is also noteworthy that the 5-dose vials, 4 years past expiration, from yet another source, showed a higher amount of VBNC cells (85.5%). Two different batches that had been expired for three years contained 4.1 and 21.3% VBNC cells. 4 of the 5-dose vials of lyophilized lactobacilli were not expired and contained 58.8 – 80.4% VBNC cells. Total viability varied from 92.9 to 100%, and there was an unmistakable positive correlation between total viability and culturability. The last batch, which had expired 6 years earlier, has 23.7% viable cells and about 98% VBNC. Non-expired bifidobacterial samples contained 70.7 and 95.5% of viable cells and were 50 and 100% culturable. Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence of VBNC cells in lyophilized probiotic preparations that contained live bacteria. Probiotics stored past their expiration date may retain a high potential medical effect because they contained high numbers of viable cells. VBNC cells in studied preparations may have the potential to return to an actively growing state.Keywords: nonculturable forms of bacteria, probiotics
N-alkylamides: from plant to brain
Authors: Veryser Lieselotte , Wynendaele Evelien , Taevernier Lien , Verbeke Frederick , Joshib Tanmayee , Tatke Pratima , Spiegeleer Bart De 
Published: August 2018

Background: Plant N-alkylamides (NAAs) are bio-active compounds with a broad functional spectrum. In order to reach their pharmacodynamic targets, they have to overcome several barriers of the body in the absorption phase. The permeability kinetics of spilanthol (a diene NAA) and pellitorine (a triene NAA) across these barriers (i.e. skin, oral/gut mucosa, blood-brain barrier) were investigated.Methods: The skin and oral mucosa permeability were investigated using human skin and pig mucosa in an ex vivo in vitro Franz diffusion cell set-up. The gut absorption characteristics were examined using the in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer test system. The initial blood-brain barrier transport kinetics were investigated in an in vivo mice model using multiple time regression and efflux experiments. Quantification of both NAAs was conducted using HPLC-UV and bio-analytical UPLC-MS methods.Results: We demonstrated that spilanthol and pellitorine are able to penetrate the skin after topical administration. It is likely that spilanthol and pellitorine can pass the endothelial gut as they easily pass the Caco-2 cells in the monolayer model. It has been shown that spilanthol also crosses the oral mucosa as well as the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that NAAs pass various physiological barriers i.e. the skin, oral and gut mucosa, and after having reached the systemic circulation, also the blood-brain barrier. As such, NAAs are cosmenutriceuticals which can be active in the brain.Key words: Plant N-alkylamides, pharmacokinetics, mucosa/skin, blood-brain barrier (BBB), cosmenutriceuticals
Turmeric and Chinese goldthread synergistically inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation and NF-kB signaling
Authors: Zhao Yi , Collier J. Jason , Huang E-Chu , Whelan Jay 
Published: August 2018

Background: Pre-clinical studies using bioactive compounds from botanicals appear to offer some protection against cancer. Research using single bioactives contributes greatly to our understanding of their mechanism of action, but in vitro studies demand concentrations that are higher than achievable in humans (µM). However, maintaining these bioactives in the presence of other compounds originally derived from the food or extract of origin may synergistically lower the bioactive dose so translatability becomes feasible. The objective of this study was to determine if bio-efficacy of phytonutrients can be enhanced when used in combination even at doses that are ineffective for any compound when used in isolation. Methods: The anti-proliferative and molecular effects of herbs (turmeric and Chinese goldthread) and their bioactives (curcumin and ar-turmerone, berberine and coptisine, respectively) were determined in isolation and in combination. Using CWR22Rv1 and HEK293 cells, cell proliferation (as assessed by the MTT assay) and NF-κB promoter activity (using a luciferase reporter construct) were evaluated and synergy of action was assessed by the Chou-Talalay method utilizing CompuSyn® software. Results: Turmeric and Chinese goldthread act synergistically (combination index<1) when inhibiting cell proliferation with all cell lines tested. The synergy of action of combinations of companion bioactives from the same herb (i.e., curcumin/ar-turmerone and berberine/coptisine) and bioactives from different herbs (i.e., curcumin/berberine) help to explain why turmeric and Chinese goldthread are more effective than their major bioactives in isolation. At the molecule level, curcumin+ar-turmerone and curcumin+coptisine synergistically attenuated TNFα-stimulated NF-κB promoter activity. Even compounds with poor efficacy become more biologically active in the presence of companion compounds. Importantly, the effects of combining any two bioactives or herbal extracts were highly synergistic at concentrations approaching physiological significance (nanomolar). Conclusions: These results suggest that bioactives in combination (as plant extracts or isolated compounds) are highly synergistic at the cellular and molecular level at physiologically relevant concentrations. These data help to explain why complex mixtures of botanicals may be more efficacious than their bioactives in isolation.
Molecular characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance among fecal Escherichia coli isolated from surface water of Wadi Shueib-Jordan
Authors: Burjaq Shereen Zeyad , Abu-Romman Saeid M. , Haddad Moawya A. 
Published: August 2018

Objective. Contamination of surface water with pathogenic organism is highly dangerous for people who used it for drinking or for domestic activities. Detection of Escherichia coli in water can be used as a general important indicator for fecal contamination .This study investigated the occurrence of fecal E. coli and two important toxigenic types of E. coli isolates and their antimicrobial resistance in water samples collected from a surface water source ( Wadi Shueib) in Jordan .

Methods. A total of 51 water samples were collected from three different locations of wadi shueib over a three month, July through September, 2016. For each sample, 200 ml of water was collected in sterilized containers. All samples which were positive for fecal E. coli were subcultured on Eosin methylelne blue agar and incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours. E. coli isolates were identified by API- 20 E test , and all isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of virulence genes of ETEC and EHEC.

Results. A total of 46 /51 (90%) of water samples were contaminated with fecal E. coli. These 46 E. coli isolates were resistant in the range between 4%-76% to commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infection in Jordan. Multidrug resistant isolates to at least three antibiotics accounted for 17/46 (37%) of the isolates. Out of 46 fecal E. coli isolates, 4(8.7%) were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 2 (4.3%) were enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) as detected using PCR.

Conclusion. This study indicated that the surface running water of Wadi Shueib is contaminated with potential enteropathogenic E. coli , and it can be a source of causing diarrheal diseases . Fecal E. coli isolates from water also showed high level of antibiotic resistance patterns comparable to human E. coli isolates in Jordan.
Candida Endophthalmiltis Following Penetrating Keratoplasty in Patient with Negative Donor Rim; A case report with review literature of diagnosis and treatment of fungal endophthalmitis.
Authors: Alsaad Mouna Mohamad , Alkowni Sohaib 
Published: August 2018

This is a case of young patient presented with granulomatous anterior and posterior uveitis, which turned to be fungal endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty. Her symptoms were undetected because she was on systemic and topical steroids.
Key words: Candida, Endophthalmiltis, Penetrating Keratoplasty, negative donner rim.
The patient is 25 years old Caucasian female patient, previously medically free, who visited our department in the city of Amman, Jordan, for left penetrating keratoplasty for severe keratoconus. After an initial improvement in her vision and a smooth postoperative course, she presented with drop of vision, photophobia, and non-specific eye pain, on examination was found to have anterior granulomatous uveitis. She was started on systemic steroids and the topical steroids were increased in intensity. The initial systemic workup for granulomatous anterior uveitis was negative. However, culture from the aqueous was positive for Candida Galibrata, but the donor rim was negative. Later on the patient developed vitritis despite being on systemic fluconazole and topical Amphotericin B. She was treated with intravitreal Amphotericin B.
The vitritis improved, but vitreous opacities developed which deteriorated her vision. A parsplana vitetrectony was done.
Her final visual acuity remained poor because of opacified graft.
The patient’s unfortunate case represents a Candida endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty despite being medically free.
Assessment of renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in people living with HIV in Tunisia
Authors: Kooli Ikbel , Ajroudi Mariem , Aouam Abir , Ben Brahim Hajer , Toumi Adnene , Loussaief Chawki , Chakroun Mohamed 
Published: August 2018

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). TDF is generally well tolerated. It is eliminated by the combination of glomerular filtration and active renal tubular secretion. Thus, it can be responsible, in the medium and long term, of renal toxicity. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of TDF nephrotoxicity and its factors risk in PLHIV treated in the Infectious Diseases Department at the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia..
Methods: An observational cross-sectional single-centre prospective study included 62 cases of HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing TDF was conducted between 1st August 2016 and 31 December 2016 at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, in Tunisia. During this period, patients were screened for renal dysfunction to detect renal toxicity, Tubular dysfunction or Fanconi syndrome.
Results: 62 patients were included with female/male ratio at 1,52. The mean age was 39 years ± 8,5 years. Half of the patients were treated with TDF as first-line therapy. The average duration of TDF was 25 months, the duration was greater than 12 months in 40 (65%) patients. There was a decrease in creatinine clearance in 21 (33.8%) patients, the average of the decrease was 128,6 ±35,8 ml/min Proximal tubulopathy was noted in 1 patient (1.6%) and no patient had Fanconi syndrome.
No risk factors for renal impairment under TDF were found. This finding could be explained by the small sample size
Conclusion: TDF-related renal toxicity is often asymptomatic, it require early detection. In ours patient cases, TD is rare, but creatinine clearance decrease is frequent and may inform of possible TD in these patient. In order to reduce TDFtoxicity, a new pro-drug, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), is now available.
Improving the efficiency of selection to Core Medical Training: a study of the use of multiple assessment stations
Authors: Atkinson JM , Tullo E , Mitchison H , Pearce MS , Kumar N 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To compare three separate assessment stations used for selection to Core Medical Training (CMT) and to determine the effect of reducing the number from three to two. Methods: Quantitative analysis of candidates’ assessment station scores, financial analysis of costs of the selection process and quantitative and qualitative surveys of candidates and assessors. Results: The assessment stations used for selection to CMT were reliable and valid for assessing suitability for employment as a CMT trainee. There was no significant difference in candidate ranking if only two assessment stations were used rather than three, i.e. there was no change in the likelihood of receiving a job offer. All of the assessment stations were perceived to have face validity by candidates and assessors. The efficiency of the selection process could be improved without loss of quality if two stations were used rather than three. Conclusions: Using two assessment stations rather than three would appear to improve the efficiency and maintain the quality of the CMT selection process while reducing costs.
High-frequency NO3− isotope (δ15N, δ18O) patterns in groundwater recharge reveal that short-term changes in land use and precipitation influence nitrate contamination trends
Authors: Suchy Martin , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Graham Gwyn , Zebarth Bernie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Poultry manure is the primary cause of nitrate (NO3-) exceedances
in the transboundary Abbotsford–Sumas aquifer (ASA; Canada–USA) based on synoptic
surveys two decades apart, but questions remained about seasonal and spatial
aspects of agricultural nitrate fluxes to the aquifer to help better focus
remediation efforts. We conducted over 700 monthly δ15N and
δ18O of nitrate assays, focusing on shallow groundwater
(< 5 years old) over a 5-year period to gain new insight on
spatio-temporal sources and controls of groundwater nitrate contamination.
NO3- concentrations in these wells ranged from 1.3 to 99 mg N L−1
(n=1041) with a mean of 16.2±0.4 mg N L−1. The
high-frequency 15N and 18O isotope data allowed us to identify
three distinctive NO3- source patterns: (i) primarily from synthetic
fertilizer, (ii) dynamic changes in nitrate due to changes in land use, and
(iii) from a mix of poultry manure and fertilizer. A key finding was that the
source(s) of nitrate in recharge could be quickly influenced by short-term
near-field management practices and stochastic precipitation events, which
ultimately impact long-term nitrate contamination trends. Overall, the
isotope data affirmed a subtle decadal-scale shift in agricultural practices
from manure increasingly towards fertilizer nitrate sources; nevertheless,
poultry-derived N remains a predominant source of nitrate contamination.
Because the aquifer does not generally support denitrification, remediation
of the Abbotsford–Sumas aquifer is possible only if agricultural N sources
are seriously curtailed, a difficult proposition due to longstanding
high-value intensive poultry and raspberry and blueberry operations over the
aquifer.
INFORMATIZAÇÃO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA A SAÚDE: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra , Vasconcelos Daniela Dias , Gontijo Tarcísio Laerte , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo , Machado Richardson Miranda , De Oliveira Valéria Conceição 
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: analisar a implantação da estratégia e-SUS Atenção Básica na Região Oeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: estudo de caso, descritivo, com dados de 62 responsáveis pela implantação em 54 municípios, de maio a junho de 2015, além de dois entrevistados e análise dos documentos: “Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRSDivinópolis” e “Municípios por Situação de Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRS Divinópolis”. Os dados foram analisados porestatística descritiva e Análise de Conteúdo, com suporte do software Atlas TI, versão 7.0. Resultados: em 44 (81,5%) dos municípios foi implantado apenas o cadastro de dados simplificado e 22 (40,7%) dos municípios estão no cenário três de implantação, 34 (54,8%) dos responsáveis pela implantaçãonão são servidores públicos efetivos. Conclusão: a implantação apresenta fragilidades relacionadas à infraestrutura, deficiências nas capacitações e resistência dos profissionais. É necessário rever o planejamento da implantação considerando sua complexidade.