bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lost in Translation? Integrating Interdisciplinary Disaster Research with Policy Praxis
Authors: Sapat Alka 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInterdisciplinary research can help address complex issues such as community resilience and climate change. However, transcending disciplinary borders to provide better understandings of these cross‐cutting issues is not an easy task. While there has been a greater focus on improving integration across disciplines, less attention has been paid to the particular challenges in the inclusion and integration of policy praxis into interdisciplinary research. This article argues that to effectively integrate policy‐relevant goals, researchers need to understand the obstacles to transcending disciplinary borders to incorporate the perspectives of policy practitioners. Researchers also need to understand problems in integration when it takes place within research groups or entities comprised of a variety of scholars from diverse disciplines working with a set of practitioners from different agencies or levels of government. Impediments to integration include epistemological, disciplinary, and attitudinal barriers, differences in terminologies and timescales, the role of organizational culture, institutional barriers, data issues, and issues related to risk communication and liability. This article explores these challenges and how they affect the translation of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research. It concludes with recommendations to help overcome challenges in synthesizing disaster research and policy practices and to enrich interdisciplinary disaster research approaches and designs.
Aberrant IL‐35 levels in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Guo Jie , Gu Mingli , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Yun , Qian Cheng , Deng Ammei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveIL‐35 is a newly discovered immunoregulatory cytokine that possesses the ability to inhibit CD4 + effector T cells and alleviate autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate IL‐35 levels in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and explore the roles of IL‐35 in the pathogenesis of pSS.MethodsThirty‐four hospitalized patients with pSS were recruited, and 34 volunteers were enrolled as healthy controls. An ELISA was adopted to measure plasma IL‐35 levels. The levels of P35 and EBI3 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined using real‐time quantitative PCR. The percentage of CD4 + EBI3 + T cells and CD19 + EBI3 + B cells was analysed using flow cytometry. Correlations between IL‐35 levels, P35 and EBI3 mRNAs, numbers of CD4 + EBI3 + T cells, CD19 + EBI3 + B cells and clinical parameters were analysed.ResultsSignificantly lower plasma IL‐35 levels, P35 and EBI3 mRNA levels, and percentages of CD4 + EBI3 + T cells but increased percentages of CD19 + EBI3 + B cells were observed in patients with pSS than in healthy controls. IL‐35 levels, EBI3 mRNA expression and the percentage of CD4 + EBI3 + T cells exhibited negative correlations with the ESSDAI score, whereas levels of the IL‐35 protein and EBI3 mRNA were negatively correlated with the ESR. Patients who were positive for anti‐SSB antibodies presented with lower IL‐35 levels and percentages of CD4 + EBI3 + T cells.ConclusionsBased on these results, a decrease in the IL‐35 levels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pSS. IL‐35 may act as a potential therapeutic agent against inflammation in patients with pSS.
Interactions between fascicles and tendinous tissues in gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis during drop landing
Authors: Hollville Enzo , Nordez Antoine , Guilhem Gaël , Lecompte Jennyfer , Rabita Giuseppe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnimal tendons have been shown to act as shock absorbers to protect muscle fascicles from exercise‐induced damage during landing tasks. Meanwhile, the contribution of tendinous tissues to damping activities such as landing has been less explored in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze in vivo fascicle‐tendon interactions during drop landing to better understand their role in energy dissipation. Ultrafast ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL), lower limb electromyographic activity, 2‐D kinematics, and ground reaction forces were collected from twelve participants during single‐ and double‐leg drop landings from various heights. For both muscles, length changes were higher in tendinous tissues than in fascicles, demonstrating their key role in protecting fascicles from rapid active lengthening. Increasing landing height increased lengthening and peak lengthening velocity of VL fascicle and GM architectural gear ratio, whereas GM fascicle displayed similar length and velocity patterns. Single‐leg landing lengthens the tendinous tissues of GM and, to a greater degree, VL muscles, without affecting the fascicles. These findings demonstrate the adjustment in fascicle‐tendon interactions to withstand mechanical demand through the tendon buffer action and fascicle rotation. The higher VL fascicle contribution to negative work as the drop height increases would suggest muscle‐specific damping responses during drop landing. This can originate from the distal‐to‐proximal sequence of joint kinetics, from differences in muscle and tendon functions (one‐ and two‐joint muscles), architectural and morphological properties (eg, tendon stiffness), as well as from the muscle activity of the GM and VL muscles.
Designing Popular Vote Processes for Democratic Systems: Counter‐Proposals, Recurring Referendums, and Iterated Popular Votes
Authors: McKay Spencer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNormative evaluations of popular vote processes, such as referendums and initiatives, often pay attention to specific aspects of institutional design, such as whether a popular vote process is binding or advisory. While it is necessary to analyze these specific features, I contend that we need to do so in the context of the broader democratic system in which popular vote processes are situated because these specific design features may have distinct consequences depending on the context. I contend that taking this systemic view also makes it possible to understand the circumstances in which democratic innovations could address democratic deficits that are commonly associated with particular types of ballot measures.
The Institutional Design of Referendums: Bottom‐Up and Binding
Authors: Cheneval Francis , el‐Wakil Alice 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDemocratic theorists generally ignore that the institutional design of popular vote processes varies in important ways. However, these differences in design influence the kind of role that these processes play in and their impact on democratic systems. We intend to remedy this situation by launching a normative discussion about the institutional design of popular vote processes in the Debate “Do Referendums Enhance or Threaten Democracy?” In this introductory essay, we first insist on the necessity to adopt a differentiated conception of popular vote processes. We then highlight some aspects of our normative approach to the institutional design of popular vote processes. We finally argue that referendum processes can positively contribute to democratic systems when they are 1) launched bottom‐up and 2) legally binding.
A Spatial Perspective on Access to Knowledge and Mobile Phone Use
Authors: Krone Madlen , Dannenberg Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSmall‐scale farmers in rural areas in the Global South often lack access to crucial business knowledge due to, among others, spatial constraints, for example, peripheral locations and poor transport infrastructure. Studies on information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) argue that the use of ICTs like mobile phones, supports farmers by overcoming these constraints. Combining concepts about knowledge with relational and spatial proximity, this paper aims to contribute to the current debate on ICT4D studies. Based on a survey and qualitative interviews with horticultural small‐scale farmers in the Mwanza region, Tanzania, we analyse the potential and limitations of mobile phone use to reduce spatial constraints in order to access different types of knowledge. Our results show the benefits of phone use to access particularly external knowledge can only fully take place if the users already possess external contacts that are, however, usually based on personal relationships in close spatial proximity.
A banana R2R3‐MYB transcription factor MaMYB3 is involved in fruit ripening through modulation of starch degradation by repressing starch degradation‐related genes and MabHLH6
Authors: Fan Zhong‐Qi , Ba Liang‐Jie , Shan Wei , Xiao Yun‐Yi , Lu Wang‐Jin , Kuang Jian‐Fei , Chen Jian‐Ye 
Published: September 2018

SummaryStarch degradation is a necessary process determining banana fruit quality during ripening. Many starch degradation‐related genes are well studied. However, the transcriptional regulation of starch degradation during banana fruit ripening remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a MYB transcription factor (TF) termed MaMYB3, as a putative protein binding the promoter of MaGWD1, a member of glucan water dikinase (GWD) family which has been demonstrated as an important enzyme of starch degradation. MaMYB3 was ripening‐ and ethylene‐repressible, and its expression was negatively correlated with starch degradation. Acting as a nucleus‐localized transcriptional repressor, MaMYB3 repressed the transcription of 10 starch degradation‐related genes, including MaGWD1, MaSEX4, MaBAM7‐MaBAM8, MaAMY2B, MaAMY3, MaAMY3A, MaAMY3C, MaMEX1, and MapGlcT2‐1, by directly binding to their promoters. Interestingly, a previously identified activator of starch degradation‐related genes, MabHLH6, was also suppressed by MaMYB3. The ectopic overexpression of MaMYB3 in tomato down‐regulated the expression of starch degradation‐related genes, inhibited starch degradation and delayed fruit ripening. Based on these findings, we conclude that MaMYB3 negatively impacts starch degradation by directly repressing starch degradation‐related genes and MabHLH6, and thereby delays banana fruit ripening. Collectively, our study expands our understanding of the complex transcriptional regulatory hierarchy modulating starch degradation during fruit ripening.
Fibular osteotomy to facilitate proximal tibial rotation during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Zuckerman Joshua S. , Dyce Jonathan , Arruda Andréia G. , Kramer Caroline M. , Ben‐Amotz Ron 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify factors that restrict proximal tibial rotation during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and report on the outcome of concurrent fibular osteotomy (TPLO‐FO).Study designRetrospective case‐control study.AnimalsDogs undergoing TPLO‐FO (n = 23) and dogs undergoing routine TPLO (n = 49).MethodsMedical records and radiographs of dogs that had undergone TPLO‐FO were reviewed. Data that were collected included signalment, preoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), postoperative and recheck TPA and mMPTA, ratio of fibular width to tibial width (FW:TW), presence of tibiofibular synostosis, tibial osteotomy location, and use of additional implants.ResultsThe odds of exhibiting rotational constraints requiring FO during TPLO were 62‐fold greater in dogs with tibiofibular synostosis than in dogs without synostosis. Dogs with FW:TW greater than 0.24 were 7.8‐fold more likely to exhibit rotational constraints. After TPLO‐FO, the postoperative increase in TPA was greater after single‐plate fixation (mean, 5.4 ° ± 4.5 °) compared with fixation with 2 plates (mean, 1.4 ° ± 0.6 °).ConclusionProximal tibiofibular synostosis and a relatively wide fibula restricted tibial plateau rotation. In these dogs, concurrent fibular osteotomy allowed adequate rotation. Adjunct plate fixation limited loss of rotation after TPLO‐FO.Clinical significanceSuccessful TPLO relies on adequate rotation of the proximal tibial segment. Fibular osteotomy and adjunct plate fixation are recommended to achieve and maintain adequate rotation of the osteotomized tibia in dogs with rotational constraints.
Hemipelvic and proximal femoral limb salvage endoprosthesis with tendon ongrowth in a dog
Authors: Fitzpatrick Noel , Guthrie James W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical application of a hemipelvic and proximal femoral endoprosthesis for limb salvage.Study designRetrospective case report.AnimalOne 5‐year‐old, neutered female, flat coated retriever with a malignant neoplasia of the left coxofemoral joint.MethodsAn invasive soft tissue mass (histiocytic sarcoma) with bone lysis of the femoral head and acetabulum was noted on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and MRI. Custom‐designed hemipelvic and proximal femoral endoprostheses were produced from CT images and manufactured with hydroxyapatite coated surfaces to allow tissue integration. The proximal femoral implant allowed tendon ongrowth and muscle attachment. The pelvic implant was anchored to the ilium and ischium with screws, and the femoral implant was cemented. Chemotherapy consisted of lomustine (CCNU).ResultsNo evidence of implant loosening or local/thoracic metastases was noted on radiographs or CT at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. A neurapraxia resolved 14 weeks postoperatively. Intensive rehabilitation was performed. At 12 months, activity was unrestricted with minimal residual lameness. The dog was euthanized at 14 months for metastatic disease.ConclusionLimb salvage with a hemipelvic and proximal femoral endoprosthesis resulted in limb function and survival for 14 months.Clinical significanceNeoplasia involving the bones of the coxofemoral joint traditionally requires hemipelvic resection and pelvic limb amputation. This report provides evidence that limb salvage can result in satisfactory levels of activity.
Genioglossus muscle activity during sniff and reverse sniff in healthy men
Authors: Ichikawa Tsuyoshi , Yokoba Masanori , Kimura Masahiko , Shibuya Manaka , Easton Paul A. , Katagiri Masato 
Published: September 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Maximal sniff nasal inspiratory and reverse sniff nasal expiratory pressures are measured as inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength, respectively. Is the genioglossus muscle activated during short maximal inspiratory and expiratory efforts through the nose?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Genioglossus muscle activity occurred with inspiratory muscle activity during a maximal sniff and with expiratory muscle activity during a maximal reverse sniff. These results indicate that genioglossus muscle activity is closely related to the generation of maximal sniff nasal inspiratory and reverse sniff nasal expiratory pressures.

AbstractMaximal sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIPmax) is widely used to assess inspiratory muscle strength. The sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) is lower in patients with neuromuscular disease with bulbar involvement compared with those without, possibly owing to impaired upper airway muscle function. However, the degree to which the genioglossus (GG) muscle, one of the upper airway muscles, is activated during inspiratory and expiratory efforts through the nose remains unclear. Therefore, we examined GG activity during short and sharp inspiratory and expiratory efforts through the nose, i.e. sniff and reverse sniff manoeuvres. In eight normal young subjects, we inserted fine wire electrodes into the GG muscle, parasternal intercostal and scalene (inspiratory) muscles and transversus abdominis (expiratory) muscle. We assessed EMG activity of each muscle and measured SNIP and reverse sniff nasal expiratory pressure (RSNEP) during sniffs and reverse sniffs from low to high intensities in the sitting position. The highest SNIP and RSNEP were analysed as SNIPmax and maximal RSNEP (RSNEPmax), respectively. In each subject, GG EMG activity increased linearly with increasing SNIP and RSNEP. The SNIPmax and RSNEPmax were −85.1 ± 15.9 and 83.2 ± 24.2 cmH2O, respectively. Genioglossus EMG activity varied with EMG activity of the parasternal intercostal and scalene muscles during generation of SNIPmax and with EMG activity of the transversus abdominis muscle during RSNEPmax. Genioglossus EMG activity during generation of SNIPmax was higher than during RSNEPmax (62.9 ± 31.1% EMG of SNIPmax, P = 0.012). These results suggested that GG activity was closely related to the generation of both SNIPmax and RSNEPmax.
Differential expression of heat shock proteins and activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases in A549 alveolar epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract
Authors: Somborac‐Bačura Anita , Rumora Lada , Novak Ruđer , Rašić Dubravka , Dumić Jerka , Čepelak Ivana , Žanić‐Grubišić Tihana 
Published: September 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the effect of cigarette smoke on cell death, oxidative damage, expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in A549 alveolar epithelial cells?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Cigarette smoke induces cytotoxicity and oxidative damage to A549 cells, increases expression of different HSPs and activates MAPK signalling pathways. This could be related to inflammatory response and apoptosis observed in lungs of patients with smoking‐related diseases.

AbstractCigarette smoking is one of the main risk factors for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We previously reported that cigarette smoke (CS) induces damage to proteins and their ineffective degradation. Here, we hypothesize that CS could induce oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells through alterations of heat shock protein (HSP) expression and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. We exposed A549 alveolar epithelial cells to various concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Higher concentrations of CSE caused apoptosis of A549 cells after 4 h, while after 24 h cell viability was decreased, and lactate dehydrogenase in cell culture medium was increased as well as the number of necrotic cells. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated, while total thiol groups were decreased. Changes in the expression of HSPs (HSP70, HSP32 and HSP27) were time‐dependent. After 6 h, CSE caused an increase in the expression of HSP70 and HSP32, while after 8 h all examined HSPs were up‐regulated and remained increased up to 48 h. Treatment of A549 cells with CSE stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and p38 in a dose‐dependent manner, while c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase activation was not detected. By using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that MAPKs and HSPs interplay in CSE effects. In conclusion, our results show that MAPKs and HSPs are involved in the mechanism underlying CSE‐induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage to A549 alveolar epithelial cells. These processes could be related to inflammatory response and apoptosis observed in lungs of patients with smoking‐related diseases, such as COPD.
Increased risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yi-Da , Chien Wu-Chien , Tsai Shih-Hung , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chu Shi-Jye , Chen Sy-Jou , Liao Wen-I , Yang Chih-Jen , Liao Min-Tser , Wang Jen-Chun 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesSjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Several molecular pathways and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases associated with the pathogenesis of SS participate in the initiation and progression of aortic aneurysm (AA) and aortic dissection (AD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with SS exhibit an increased risk of AA or AD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using a database extracted from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. All medical conditions for each case and control were categorised using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. HRs and 95% CIs for associations between SS and AA/AD were estimated using Cox regression and adjusted for comorbidities.ResultsOur analyses included 10 941 SS cases and 43 764 propensity score-matched controls. Compared with the controls, the patients with SS exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing an AA or AD (adjusted HR=3.642, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that compared with patients without SS, patients with primary and secondary SS both exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing AA or AD (adjusted HR=1.753, p=0.042; adjusted HR=3.693, p<0.001).ConclusionPatients with SS exhibit increased risks of developing AA or AD, and healthcare professionals should be aware of this risk when treating patients with SS. Increased aortic surveillance may be required for patients with SS.
Multicentred randomised controlled trial of an augmented exercise referral scheme using web-based behavioural support in individuals with metabolic, musculoskeletal and mental health conditions: protocol for the e-coachER trial
Authors: Ingram Wendy , Webb Douglas , Taylor Rod S , Anokye Nana , Yardley Lucy , Jolly Kate , Mutrie Nanette , Campbell John L , Dean Sarah Gerard , Greaves Colin , Steele Mary , Lambert Jeffrey D , McAdam Chloe , Jane Ben , King Jennie , Jones Ray B , Little Paul , Woolf Anthony , Erwin Jo , Charles Nigel , Terry Rohini H , Taylor Adrian H 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionPhysical activity is recommended for improving health among people with common chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis and low mood. One approach to promote physical activity is via primary care exercise referral schemes (ERS). However, there is limited support for the effectiveness of ERS for increasing long-term physical activity and additional interventions are needed to help patients overcome barriers to ERS uptake and adherence.This study aims to determine whether augmenting usual ERS with web-based behavioural support, based on the LifeGuide platform, will increase long-term physical activity for patients with chronic physical and mental health conditions, and is cost-effective.Methods and analysisA multicentre parallel two-group randomised controlled trial with 1:1 individual allocation to usual ERS alone (control) or usual ERS plus web-based behavioural support (intervention) with parallel economic and mixed methods process evaluations. Participants are low active adults with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis or a history of depression, referred to an ERS from primary care in the UK.The primary outcome measure is the number of minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in ≥10 min bouts measured by accelerometer over 1 week at 12 months.We plan to recruit 413 participants, with 88% power at a two-sided alpha of 5%, assuming 20% attrition, to demonstrate a between-group difference of 36–39 min of MVPA per week at 12 months. An improvement of this magnitude represents an important change in physical activity, particularly for inactive participants with chronic conditions.Ethics and disseminationApproved by North West Preston NHS Research Ethics Committee (15/NW/0347). Dissemination will include publication of findings for the stated outcomes, parallel process evaluation and economic evaluation in peer-reviewed journals.Results will be disseminated to ERS services, primary healthcare providers and trial participants.Trial registration numberISRCTN15644451; Pre-results.