bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the experimental cultivation of peppers in low‐energy‐demand greenhouses. An interdisciplinary study
Authors: Kavga Angeliki , Strati Irini F , Sinanoglou Vassilia J , Fotakis Charalambos , Sotiroudis Georgios , Christodoulou Paris , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotovoltaics (PV) provide an alternative solution to cover energy demands in greenhouses. This study evaluates the effect of PV panels installed on the roofs of greenhouses, and the partial shading that they cause, on the growth parameters and growth indicators of the experimental cultivation of peppers (Capsicum annuum cv. California Wonder). The growth of the plants, the antioxidant profile, radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and the phenolic and metabolic profiles (using LC–MS spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy) are evaluated.RESULTSData are presented from a full cultivation period. Results indicated that indoor temperatures were similar for both glass and glass‐PV (glass with PV panels installed) greenhouses during the day and the night. The production yield was higher for the glass‐PV greenhouses. The pepper fruits' weight, dimensions, and thickness were similar in both cases. Comparison of the pepper fruit extracts in terms of total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antiradical activities indicated differences that were not statistically significant. Photometric and spectroscopic studies both showed a smaller distribution of values in the case of the glass‐PV greenhouse, probably indicating a more consistent phytochemical profile.CONCLUSIONCovering only a small proportion (ca. 20%) of the greenhouse roof with photovoltaic panels contributes considerably to its energy demands without affecting plant growth and quality. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ornithine decarboxylase is involved in methyl jasmonate‐regulated postharvest quality retention in button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors: Meng De‐Mei , Wang Hua‐Dong , Zhang Ya‐Xuan , Xi Zhi‐Ai , Yang Rui , Sheng Ji‐Ping , Zhang Xin‐Hua , Ding Yang , Wang Jun‐Ping , Fan Zhen‐Chuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present study, we investigated the role of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the methyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐regulated postharvest quality maintenance of Agaricus bisporus (J. E. Kange) Imbach button mushrooms by pretreating mushrooms with a specific irreversible inhibitor called α‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) before exposure to MeJA vapor.RESULTSMushrooms were treated with 0 or 100 µmol L−1 MeJA or a combination of 120 µmol L−1 DFMO and 100 µmol L−1 MeJA, respectively, before storage at 4 °C for 21 days. Treatment with MeJA alone induced the increase in ODC activity whereas this effect was greatly suppressed by pretreatment with DFMO. α‐Difluoromethylornithine strongly attenuated the effect of MeJA on decreasing cap opening, slowing the decline rate of soluble protein and total sugar, and accumulating total phenolics and flavonoids. α‐Difluoromethylornithine pretreatment also counteracted the ability of MeJA to inhibit polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase activities, and malondialdehyde production, and to stimulate superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. It also largely downregulated MeJA‐induced accumulation of free putrescine (Put).CONCLUSIONThese results reveal that ODC is involved in MeJA‐regulated postharvest quality retention of button mushrooms, and this involvement is likely to be associated with Put levels. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A simple colorimetric method for determining seawater alkalinity using bromophenol blue
Authors: Nand Vikashni , Ellwood Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of small portable USB‐spectrophotometer systems makes monitoring alkalinity and pH possible in the field and remote locations. Here, we present a method utilizing purified bromophenol blue (BPB) as an end‐point indicator for making simple one‐point alkalinity measurements with spectrophotometric detection. The approach utilizes purified BPB dye whose absorbance characteristics have been determined over a range of temperatures and salinities. The end‐point pH for titrated samples was determined using the BPB absorbance ratio (R(t) = 25 A590/A436) for the acid and base forms via the following equation:
, where, e1 = 0.00533, e2 = 2.232, e3 = 0.0319. A pKa of 3.513 was determined for the dissociation of the second proton from the BPB dye. The temperature (t) dependence of R can be expressed using the following relationship:
. The dependence of the pKa on salinity (S) was weak and can be expressed as
. Application of the method for determining the alkalinity of in‐house and certified standards typically produced an uncertainty of ± 1.5 μmol kg−1 for purified BPB dye. When the impure BPB dye was used as an end‐point indicator the uncertainty for alkalinity measured was slightly higher at approximately ± 3–4 μmol kg−1. Hence, if high‐precision alkalinity measurements are not required (≥ 4 μmol kg−1) then utilization of the unpurified BPB maybe suitable. We also compared the use of BPB to two other dyes: bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromocresol green (BCG). The utilization of all three dyes for end‐point determination produced comparable results with an overall precision of ± 4 μmol kg−1. The one‐point titration method using BPB was utilized at a remote field location, One Tree Island, Australia and was found to be suitable for producing accurate and precise alkalinity data in a timely manner; ∼ 10–15 samples can be determined per hour. When combined with seawater pH measurements, the one‐point titration method allows the full marine carbonate system to be fully constrained without the need for high‐tech spectrophotometric equipment and comprehensive laboratory facilities.
Transsynaptic tracing to dissect supraspinal serotonergic input regulating the bladder reflex in rats
Authors: Ahn Jemin , Saltos Tatiana M. , Tom Veronica J. , Hou Shaoping 
Published: July 2018

AimsThis study was designed to determine specific cell groups of the raphe nuclei (RN) that give rise to supraspinal serotonergic projections regulating the bladder reflex.MethodsAnesthetized rats underwent surgery to open the abdomen and expose the bladder. A total of 6 µL transsynaptic neuronal tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV‐152), encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP), was injected into the bladder detrusor. After 72 or 96 h, animals were perfused and the brain was dissected for processing transverse and sagittal sections. Subsequently, fluorescent immunohistochemistry for GFP and Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) was performed in the brain sections. Under the microscope, each RN subset was characterized individually from caudal to rostral according to the atlas. GFP+ or GFP/5‐HT double labeled neurons in each subset were quantified for statistical analysis.ResultsAt 72‐h post‐infection, very few GFP+ or GFP/5‐HT double‐labeled neurons appeared in the brainstem and beyond. In contrast, many labeled neurons were found at these levels after 96 h. Quantitative analysis showed that the majority of infected 5‐HT+ neurons were located in the pallidus, obscurus, and magnus nuclei. Conversely, very few infected neurons were found in other raphe subsets, that is the pontis, median, dorsal, or linear nuclei. Overall, the raphe magnus had the highest number of GFP‐labeled and GFP/5‐HT double‐labeled cells.ConclusionsThe caudal subsets of RN, especially the raphe magnus, are the main sources of serotonergic input to the lower spinal cord controlling bladder activity.
Elevated temperature reduces wheat grain yield by increasing pests and decreasing soil mutualists
Authors: Tian Baoliang , Yu Zhenzhen , Pei Yingchun , Zhang Zhen , Siemann Evan , Wan Shiqiang , Ding Jianqing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimate warming is known to affect species' phenology, abundance, and their interactions with other species. Understanding how cultivated plants, their associated community members (including pest insects, natural enemies, soil microbes), and their interactions respond to warming to influence crop yields is critical to current and future food security. We conducted a two‐year field study on the effects of elevated temperature on winter wheat growth and grain quality, insect pests, natural enemies, ground arthropods, weeds, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).RESULTSElevated temperature shortened the period of wheat growth, decreased grain yield, and reduced grain quality by increasing fiber and decreasing wet gluten, protein, total soluble sugars, and starch. Elevated temperature also increased aphid abundance while decreasing AMF colonization rates. Structural equation modeling indicated that the direct negative effect of warming on wheat yield was augmented by indirect negative effects via increased aphid and weed abundances along with decreased AMF colonization.CONCLUSIONClimate change can potentially affect crop production and quality both directly and indirectly by modifying interactions with aboveground and belowground organisms. Future studies on the effects of climate change on crops should consider the responses of aboveground and belowground biotic community members and their interactions with crop plants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐Performance, Ultrathin, Ultraflexible Organic Thin‐Film Transistor Array Via Solution Process
Authors: Ren Hang , Cui Nan , Tang Qingxin , Tong Yanhong , Zhao Xiaoli , Liu Yichun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUltrathin organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) have received extensive attention due to their outstanding advantages, such as extreme flexibility, good conformability, ultralight weight, and compatibility with low‐cost and large‐area solution‐processed techniques. However, compared with the rigid substrates, it still remains a challenge to fabricate high‐performance ultrathin OTFTs. In this study, a high‐performance ultrathin 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) OTFT array is demonstrated via a simple spin‐coating method, with mobility as high as 11 cm2 V−1 s−1 (average mobility: 7.22 cm2 V−1 s−1), on/off current ratio of over 106, switching current of >1 mA, and a good yield ratio as high as 100%. The ultrathin thickness at ≈380 nm and the ultralight weight at ≈0.89 g m−2 enable the free‐standing OTFTs to imperceptibly adhere onto human skin, and even a damselfly wing without affecting its flying. More importantly, the OTFTs show good electrical characteristics and mechanical stability when conformed onto the curved surfaces and even folded in a book after 100 folding cycles. These results illustrate the broad application potential of this simply fabricated ultrathin OTFT in next‐generation electronics such as foldable displays and wearable devices.
Thinking Twice Before You Post: Issues Student‐Athletes Face on Social Media
Authors: Sanderson Jimmy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis chapter examines how social media impacts student‐athletes in intercollegiate athletics. Social media has become a predominant communication tool for younger athletes and carries both benefits and risks. The chapter discusses how social media can influence relationships between student‐athletes and support personnel, and outlines the benefits of providing social media education for student‐athletes.
Academic Engagement, Academic Achievement, and Teacher Quality According to Gender: A Study with University Students from the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Donado Antonio César , Zerpa Carlos Enrique , Ruiz Betty Luz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis chapter reports a study that examines the differential effects of gender in teacher quality evaluations among Colombian students. Men and women rated teacher performance differently. Gender can be a moderating variable that better predicts the outcomes of such evaluations compared to commitment or academic performance.
Comparative transcriptome analyses of adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) response to hypoxia and hypoxia/hypercapnia
Authors: Cui S.F. , Wang L. , Ma L. , Wang Y.L. , Qiu J.P. , Liu Zh.Ch. , Geng X.Q. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStored product insects show high adaption to hypoxia and hypercapnia, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, a comparative transcriptome on 4th adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) instar larvae was studied to clarify the response mechanisms to hypoxia (HA) and hypoxia/hypercapnia (HHA) using NextSeq500 RNA-Seq. Transcript profiling showed a significant difference in HA or HHA exposure both quantitatively and qualitatively. Compared with control, 631 and 253 genes were significantly changed in HHA and HA, respectively. Comparing HHA with HA, 1135 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The addition of hypercapnia made a complex alteration on the hypoxia response of bean weevil transcriptome, carbohydrate, energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism were the most highly enriched pathways for genes significantly changed. In addition, some biological processes that were not significantly enriched but important were also discussed, such as immune system and signal transduction. Most of the DEGs related to metabolism both in HHA and HA were up-regulated, while the DEGs related to the immune system, stress response or signal transduction were significantly down-regulated or suppressed. This research reveals a comparatively full-scale result in adzuki bean weevil hypoxia and hypoxia/hypercapnia tolerance mechanism at transcription level, which might provide new insights into the genomic research of this species.
Education in ear and hearing care in remote or resource-constrained environments
Authors: Clark M P A , Westerberg B D , Nakku D , Carling P 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAt the heart of surgical care needs to be the education and training of staff, particularly in the low-income and/or resource-poor setting. This is the primary means by which self-sufficiency and sustainability will ultimately be achieved. As such, training and education should be integrated into any surgical programme that is undertaken. Numerous resources are available to help provide such a goal, and an open approach to novel, inexpensive training methods is likely to be helpful in this type of setting.The need for appropriately trained audiologists in low-income countries is well recognised and clearly goes beyond providing support for ear surgery. However, where ear surgery is being undertaken, it is vital to have audiology services established in order to correctly assess patients requiring surgery, and to be able to assess and manage outcomes of surgery. The training requirements of the two specialties are therefore intimately linked.ObjectiveThis article highlights various methods, resources and considerations, for both otolaryngology and audiology training, which should prove a useful resource to those undertaking and organising such education, and to those staff members receiving it.
Intellectual disability and mental disorders in a US population representative sample of adolescents
Authors: Platt Jonathan M. , Keyes Katherine M. , McLaughlin Katie A. , Kaufman Alan S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMost research on the prevalence, distribution, and psychiatric comorbidity of intellectual disability (ID) relies on clinical samples, limiting the generalizability and utility of ID assessment in a legal context. This study assessed ID prevalence in a population-representative sample of US adolescents and examined associations of ID with socio-demographic factors and mental disorders.MethodsData were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (N= 6256). ID was defined as: (1) IQ ⩽ 76, measured using the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; (2) an adaptive behavior score ⩽76, and (3) age of onset ⩽18 measured using a validated scale. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed 15 lifetime mental disorders. The Sheehan disability scale assessed disorder severity. We used logistic regression models to estimate differences in lifetime disorders for adolescents with and without ID.ResultsID prevalence was 3.2%. Among adolescents with ID, 65.1% met lifetime criteria for a mental disorder. ID status was associated with specific phobia, agoraphobia, and bipolar disorder, but not behavior disorders after adjustment for socio-demographics. Adolescents with ID and mental disorders were significantly more likely to exhibit severe impairment than those without ID.ConclusionsThese findings highlight how sample selection and overlap between ID and psychopathology symptoms might bias understanding of the mental health consequences of ID. For example, associations between ID and behavior disorders widely reported in clinical samples were not observed in a population-representative sample after adjustment for socio-demographic confounders. Valid assessment and understanding of these constructs may prove influential in the legal system by influencing treatment referrals and capital punishment decisions.General Scientific SummaryCurrent definitions of intellectual disability (ID) are based on three criteria: formal designation of low intelligence through artificial problem-solving tasks, impairment in one's ability to function in his/her social environment, and early age of onset. In a national population sample of adolescents, the majority of those with ID met criteria for a lifetime mental disorder. Phobias and bipolar disorder, but not behavior disorders, were elevated in adolescents with ID. Findings highlight the need to consider how behavioral problems are conceptualized and classified in people with ID.
Machine learning links seed composition, glucosinolates and viability of oilseed rape after 31 years of long-term storage
Authors: Nagel Manuela , Holstein Katharina , Willner Evelin , Börner Andreas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSeed longevity is influenced by many factors, a widely discussed one of which is the seed lipid content and fatty acid composition. Here, linear and non-linear regressions based on machine learning were applied to analyse germinability and seed composition of a set of 42 oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.) accessions grown under the same single environment and at the same time following a period of up to 31 years storage at 7°C. Mean viability was halved after 27.0 years of storage, but this figure concealed a major influence of genotype. There was also wide variation with respect to fatty acid composition, particularly with respect to oleic, α-linolenic, eicosenoic and erucic acid. Linear regression (rL) revealed significant correlation coefficients between normal seedling appearance and the content of α-linolenic acid (+0.52) and total oil (+0.59). Multivariate regression using artificial neural networks including a radial basis function (RBF), a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and a partial least square (PLS) recognized underlying structures and revealed high significant correlation coefficients (rM) for oil content (+0.87), eicosenoic acid (+0.75), stearic acid (+0.73) and lignoceric acid (+0.97). Oil content or a combination of oleic, α-linolenic, arachidic, eicosenoic and eicosadienoic acids and glucosinolates resulted in highest model fitting parametersR2of 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. In addition, the glucosinolate content, predominantly in the Brassicaceae family and ranging from 4.6 to 79.5 µM, was negatively correlated with viability (rL= ‒0.43). Summarizing, oil content, some fatty acids and glucosinolates contribute to variations in average half-life (15.2 to 50.7 years) of oilseed rape seeds. In contrast to linear regression, multivariate regression using artificial neural networks revealed high associations for combinations of parameters including underestimated minor fatty acids such as arachidic, stearic and eicosadienoic acids. This indicates that genetic and seed composition factors contribute to seed longevity. In addition, multivariate regressions might be a successful approach to predict seed viability based on fatty acids and seed oil content.
Research in urban history: recent Ph.D. theses on heritage and the city in Britain
Authors: WARWICK TOSH 
Published: July 2018

Writing in Urban History in the spring of 1991, Peter Borsay considered how the gap between the ‘popular presentations of the urban past’ produced by the growing heritage industry and ‘the booming academic study of urban history’ might be bridged. Heritage, he argued, was ‘deeply bound up with the meanings and functions of towns’ and urban historians should play a crucial role within communities ‘engaged in a complex discourse with the past . . . that for many was fundamental to their livelihood and identity’. Borsay's concerns 27 years later continue to be mirrored in academic discussions surrounding heritage and materiality, echoing wider questions that surround the relevance of urban history beyond the academy. Recent conferences have also demonstrated the continued salience of Borsay's argument, considering the potential of the study of cities to shape approaches to their management through work with local communities, heritage partners, cultural institutions and professional groups. This emphasis on knowledge exchange and partnership has also attracted the support of funding bodies through collaborative doctoral awards that have sought to ‘increase opportunities for all researchers to develop their work in collaboration with public, private and third sector partners that increase the flow, value and impact of world-class arts and humanities research from academia to the UK's wider creative economy and beyond’. This has included the author's own work on the heritage of Middlesbrough's iron and steel industries, which has involved working collaboratively with local archives and heritage partners.
Analysis of corporate political activity strategies of the food industry: evidence from France
Authors: Mialon Melissa , Mialon Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the corporate political activity (CPA) of major food industry actors in France.DesignWe followed an approach based on information available in the public domain. Different sources of information, freely accessible to the public, were monitored.Setting/SubjectsData were collected and analysed between March and August 2015. Five actors were selected: ANIA (Association Nationale des Industries Agroalimentaires/National Association of Agribusiness Industries); Coca-Cola; McDonald’s; Nestlé; and Carrefour.ResultsOur analysis shows that the main practices used by Coca-Cola and McDonald’s were the framing of diet and public health issues in ways favourable to the company, and their involvement in the community. ANIA primarily used the ‘information and messaging’ strategy (e.g. by promoting deregulation and shaping the evidence base on diet- and public health-related issues), as well as the ‘policy substitution’ strategy. Nestlé framed diet and public health issues, and shaped the evidence base on diet- and public health-related issues. Carrefour particularly sought involvement in the community.ConclusionsWe found that, in 2015, the food industry in France was using CPA practices that were also used by other industries in the past, such as the tobacco and alcohol industries. Because most, if not all, of these practices proved detrimental to public health when used by the tobacco industry, we propose that the precautionary principle should guide decisions when engaging or interacting with the food industry.