bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Oxygen Activation as the Basis for the Physiological Action of Tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO)
Authors: Youngman R. J. , Wagner G. R. , Kühne F. W. , Elstner E. F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Oxidation of methionine, 4-(methylthio)-2-oxobutyric acid (KMB), or 1-aminocyclopropane carbonic acid (ACC) are indicator reactions for activated oxygen species such as singlet oxygen (1O2), OH·-radical like oxidants, superoxide anion (O2
·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or activated hemo-iron complexes like peroxidase-or catalase-“compound”. Methionine is oxidized by OH· as well as by 102 forming ethylene, but not by tetrachloro-decaoxygen complex (TCDO) in the absence or presence of catalytic hemoproteins such as peroxidase, hemoglobin or myoglobin. Both KMB and ACC are oxidized by TCDO under the catalysis of the above hemo-proteins where neither catalase nor superoxide dismutase are inhibitors. TCDO hemo-protein complex is an oxidant with similar properties as peroxidase-compound I and can clearly be differentiated from 02
·-, H2O2, OH· and 1O2.
Untersuchungen über die Regulation der Proteinsynthese auswachsender Sporen von Bacillus subtilis / Studies on Protein Synthesis of Outgrowing Spores of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hecker M. , Dünger A.-M. , Wachlin G. , Mach F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis according to O’Farrell [6] was used to study synthesis of membrane bound proteins during outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis spores. Three major classes of membrane bound proteins were distinguished, depending on the time of onset and duration of their synthesis: Ia - a great amount of proteins typical of vegetative cells made throughout all stages of outgrowth and vegetative growth; Ib - vegetative proteins synthesized during middle and later outgrowth stages as well as during vegetative growth (sequential activation); II - outgrowth-specific proteins synthesized during early outgrowth but not in vegetative cells. A similar classification was made for total proteins [9].
In a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in early outgrowth the sequential activation of vegetative genes (group lb) is especially inhibited under restrictive conditions, whereas the syn­thesis of group Ia-proteins and outgrowth-specific proteins (II) could be detected during early outgrowth stages.
We suggest that the expression of outgrowth genes, whose products might be found among the outgrowth-specific proteins, could be involved in the sequential reactivation of vegetative genes during outgrowth. The vegetative proteins of group la (continuous synthesis) are produced throughout growth and differentiation. On the other hand the synthesis of vegetative proteins, group Ib , is switched off during sporulation and switched on during outgrowth. The control mechanisms of the expression of these two groups of vegetative genes during growth and differen­tiation are discussed.
Nonconventional Interactions between Photoreceptor Axons in the Butterfly Lamina Ganglionaris
Authors: Gordon William C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Butterflies have nine photoreceptors within each ommatidium which have been named from their positional orientation across the rhabdom. Within all ommatidia ex­amined, there are four morphologically discrete receptor types: 1. Two dorsal-ventrally aligned cells - the vertical receptors; 2. two anterior-posteriorly aligned cells - the horizontal receptors; 3. four diagonally aligned cells -the diagonal receptors; 4. one basally occuring bilobed cell - the basal receptor. The nine retinula cell axons pass through the basement membrane and enter an optic car­tridge of the lamina ganglionaris as a single bundle. The organization of these axons within their cartridge has been investigated in the nymphalid-type butterfly Agraulis vanillae. Prior to entry into the optic cartridge, the axonal bun­dle undergoes a 90° positional rotation. Retinula axons become grouped into three regions: a dorsal triad and a vent­ral triad of three axons, one horizontal and two diagonal retinula cells each; a central group composed of two verti­cal retinula cells, the basal cell, and 4 -5 lamina monopolar cells. Retinula axons of the triads appear to be coupled by bulbous cytoplasm ic projections. Two types of coupling ap­pear to occur: 1. Within each triad, the horizontal retinula cell axon is coupled to both diagonal axons. 2. The horizon­tal retinula cell axon of one triad is coupled to the horizon­tal cell of the adjacent triad. Because of the 90° reposition­ing of the ommatidial axon bundle, specific cell types from one ommatidium appear to be linked to retinula cells of ommatidia immediately above or below them. These non­conventional receptor cell interactions are described and a possible function in receptor coupling suggested.
3-Acetamino-4-hydroxy-benzoesäure und 2-Acetaminophenol aus Pseudomonas-Kulturen [1] / 3-Acetamino-4-hydroxy Benzoic Acid and 2-Acetamino Phenol from Pseudomonas Cultures
Authors: Winkler S. , Neuenhaus W. , Budzikiewicz H. , Korth H. , Pulverer G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pseudomonas, Chorismic Acid Metabolism (Alternative Route), Phenazine Biosynthesis From Pseudomonas cepacia cultures 3-acetamino-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid has been isolated. This compound is of biogenetic interest as it suggests an alternative route in the chorismic acid metabolism initiated by an attack of an equivalent of NH3 at C-5 rather than at C-2 as usually observed. Implications on the phenazine biosynthesis have been discussed.
Biosynthesis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins in Fusarium culmorum Cultures
Authors: Baldwin Nigel C. P. , Bycroft Barrie W. , Dewick Paul M. , Gilbert John , Holden Ian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A high yielding production of the trichothecene mycotoxin 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) in cultures of Fusarium culmorum is described. By supplying [14C]acetate, 14C-labelled 3-AcDON suitable for further metabolic studies has been obtained. The pattern of labelling has been ascertained by using 13C-labelled acetate precursors, and is in line with established biosynthetic data. A second trichothecene produced in significant amounts by F. culmorum has been identified as 3α, 15-diacetoxy-7α, 8α-dihydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (7α, 8α-dihydroxycalonec-trin).
ESR and ENDOR Investigations of Adrenochrome Semiquinone and Related Amino-1,2-Benzosemiquinone Radicals
Authors: Stegmann Hartmut B. , Dao-Ba Hoang , Scheffler Klaus , Peter Martin G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Dimethyl or diethylamine reacts very smoothly in ethanol solution with catechols to the corresponding aminoquinones. The paramagnetic intermediates, the semiquinones, are investigated by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy using the spin stabilisation technique with diarylthallium cations. The spectra of these radicals show clearly the thallium and nitrogen coupling and the hydrogen hyperfine structure. For some examples the signs of the proton coupling constants are determined by TRIPLE resonance experiments. The results indicate a negative spin density in one position of the unsymmetrically substituted radical 3. With the results obtained for the monocyclic aminosemiquinones the hyperfine structure of the adrenochrome semiquinone is analysed.
X-Ray Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. V. Interactions with DDT
Authors: Suwalsky M. , Bugueño N. , Tapia J. , Neira F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The possible interaction of DDT with the lipids dimyristoyl lecithin (DML), dipalmitoylphos-phatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and tripalmitin (TP) was studied. The work was carried out on oriented films and crystalline powders of DDT-lipid mixtures at different molar ratios by X-ray diffraction techniques. The diagrams showed only the patterns of pure DDT and that of the corresponding lipid. It is concluded that new phases were not formed and, therefore, no interactions occurred.
Pattern Formation and Marangoni Convection during Oscillating Glycolysis
Authors: Müller Stefan C. , Plesser Theo , Boiteux Arnold , Hess Benno 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Spatial pattern formation during oscillating glycolysis in a thin layer of extract from yeast cells is investigated by two-dimensional spectrophotometry using video techniques and by dark-field detection of refractive index gradients. The time intervals of repetitively reappearing trans­ mission patterns coincide with the phases of maximum metabolic turnover during each glycolytic cycle. The spatial arrangement of the patterns is strongly correlated with a network of convection cells which permanently exists in the liquid layer. The patterns are generated by the coupling of reaction with Marangoni type convection due to gradients in surface tension which are mainly caused by evaporative cooling and influenced by chemical composition and reactivity.
Hyperglycemia in Freshwater Field Crab (Oziotelphusa senex senex) Produced by Pesticides
Authors: Rao K. S. Jagannatha 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
DDT, Dieldrin DDT and Dieldrin produced a significant increase in the hemolymph sugar level of intact crab of Oziotelphusa senex senex apparently by triggering the release of hyperglycemic hormone (HGH).
Origin of Cardenolides in Rhizomes and Roots of Convallaria majalis L. Biogenesis in situ or Transport from Leaves?
Authors: Schrutka-Rechtenstamm Roswitha , Kopp Brigitte , Löffelhardt Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
After administration of sodium[1 - 14C]acetate to rhizome or root cuttings of Convallaria majalis L. two of the main cardiac glycosides were isolated and examined for incorporated radioactivity. With a detection limit of 0.0003% of incorporated label it can be assumed, that the subterranean organs of C. majalis are not capable of cardenolide biogenesis de novo. Interconversions on the cardenolide level do not take place, too. as was proved by application of (U - 14C]convallatoxol and examination of convallatoxin, the main metabolite in leaves. Therefore the cardenolide content of the subterranean parts of C. majalis (0.2%) must have its origin in the leaves, from where the cardiac glycosides are translocated to rhizomes and roots, which only fulfil a storage function in this respect.
Regioselective O-Demethylation of Scoparone: Differentiation between Rat Liver Cytochrome P-450 Isozymes
Authors: Müller-Enoch Dieter , Büttgen Eva , Nonnenmacher Antje 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The ratios of the scoparone O-demethylation products scopoletin to isoscopoletin were deter mined for reconstituted complexes of NADPH-P-450 reductase and each of four P-450 isozymes in a 2:1 molar ratio with a 1:1 mixture of [7-O-methyl-14C]-and [6-O-methyl-14C]-scoparone as substrate. The two phenobarbital inducible forms P-450PB-B and P-450PB-D have a 1:0.8 ± 0.05 scopoletin to isoscopoletin ratio, and the two β-naphthoflavone inducible forms P-450βNF-B and P-450βNF/ISF-G have ratios of 1:4.4 ± 0.1 and 1:3.8 ± 0.1, respectively. The scoparone-O-demethylation activities of the reconstituted preformed complexes of the four P-450 isozymes are given.
Thyroxine Induced Transformation in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Rabbit Soleus and Psoas Muscles
Authors: Nunes Maria Tereza , Bianco Antonio Carlos 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from slow-twitch type I soleus and fast-twitch type II psoas muscles of control and thyroxine treated rabbits were comparatively studied. Membrane yield, maximal calcium storing capacity, ATP-supported calcium uptake, calcium-dependent ATPase activity and calcium-dependent phosphoprotein formation were found to be 3-10 fold higher in psoas than in soleus preparations. Membrane yield, calcium-dependent ATPase activity, ATP-supported calcium transport and calcium-dependent phospho­ protein are at least twice enhanced in the membranes from soleus muscles of animals treated for 14-21 days with thyroxine. The corresponding capacities of the membranes from psoas muscles are not further augmented by the same thyroxine treatment. The maximal calcium storing capaci­ ty of the psoas membranes is their sole specific property which is significantly increased. The changes in the properties of the soleus muscles’ sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes are engen­dered by an increase from 5 to 30-50% in the number of type II fibres. Since the calcium transporting properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes from type II fibres qualitatively differ from those of type I fibres, thyroxine does not only affect quantitative but also qualitative parameters of the muscles’ sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane system.
Protoplast Dielectrophoresis in Axisymmetric Fields
Authors: Stoicheva Natalia , Tsoneva Iana , Dimitrov Dimiter S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pea protoplasts dielectrophoretic coefficients were measured in alternating electric fields of frequency 1 M Hz and voltage 5 V applied between two concentric cylindrical metal electrodes of outer and inner radii 0.24 mm and 1 mm, respectively. They do not vary significantly with solution osmolarity, but show a clear expressed maximum in isotonic conditions; the values in 0.4 ᴍ, 0.5 ᴍ, 0.6 ᴍ and 0.7 ᴍ manitol solutions are (6.5, 10.2, 8.8 and 5.6) × 10−24 A2s4/Kg, pectively. The average cell radii in those conditions are 14.2 µm, 14.6 µm, 13.8 µm and 13.6 µm. The radii of cell-to-electrode contacts follow the same dependence on the osmolarity as the dielectrophoretic coefficients; they do not depend on the applied voltages up to 18V. The times of cell approach near to the electrode were too short to be explained by the action only of the dielectrophoretic force; consequently an attractive force appeared at very close approach. These results may be of use in future studies of membrane adhesion and fusion.
Evidence for the Presence of Neutral Glycerylether Derivatives in Pollen Lipids of Pine Tree Pinus halepensis
Authors: Andrikopoulos Nikolaos K. , Siafaka-Kapadai Athanasia , Yanovits-Argyriadis Nikoletta , Demopoulos Constantinos A . 
Published: August 2018

The separation and identification of glyceryl ether (G E ) derivatives from pollen neutral lipids of Pine tree Pinus halepensis (Miller) is described.
The separation and purification of GE derivatives from the other lipid classes, especially from monoglycerides and diglycerides, was done by thin layer chromatography.
The purified GE derivatives were examined by infrared spectrometry analyzed by gas liquid chromatography, and the glycerylether backbones were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of its isopropylidene derivatives.
Fatty acids were detected as esterified constituents after mild alkaline hydrolysis of the GE fraction.
The GE derivatives are characterized as 1-O-(di)hydroxyalke(die)nyl-glycerols, the side hydroxyl group(s) of the O-carbonchain being esterified mainly with saturated fatty acids.
The Diazo Reaction of Bilirubins and Phycorubins: A Quantitative Study*
Authors: Kufer W. , Schmid O. , Schmidt G. , Scheer H. 
Published: August 2018

A quantitative study of the diazo reaction has been made with several bilirubins including a 2,3- dihydrobilirubin and several phycorubins. The latter have been prepared from the integral phycocyanin of two cyanobacteria (Mastigocladus laminosus and Spirulina platensis), and from the phycocyanin subunits. These phycorubins have been subjected to the diazo reaction in order to test for the presence of a second covalent chromophore protein bond in the latter.
1)The diazo reaction of unsymmetrically substituted bilirubins, mesobilirubin (3) and bilirubin IXα (13) in aqueous solution yields four products, two isomeric 9-azo-dipyrromethenones, and two isomeric 9-hydroxymethyl-dipyrromethenones. The maximum total yield is ≥ 97% with diazotized sulfanilic acid, and ≤ 60% with diazotized ethylanthranilate.
2)The diazo reaction of the 2,3-dihydrobilirubin (16) yields likewise four products, two of them containing the 2,3-dihydrogenated ring A/B fragment. The attack is regioselective at C-11 (6:4).
3)The diazo reaction of the phycorubins with ethylanthranilate yields two peptide bound products, containing the ring A/B fragment, and two low molecular weight products. The latter correspond to the C/D fragment and are identical with the respective products derived from mesobilirubin 3. The attack is preferential at C-9 (≥ 4:1 with ≤ 1 mole reagent added). These results show, that there is no second covalent chromophore peptide bond in the PC investigated at the ring C/D fragment.
Metabolism and Degradation of Nicotinic Acid in Parsley (Petroselinum hortense) Cell Suspension Cultures and Seedlings
Authors: Schwenen Ludger , Komoßa Dieter , Barz Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Application of [6-14C]-or [7-14C]nicotinic acid to parsley cell suspension cultures led to the accumulation of labelled nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide N-riboside, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, indicating the operation of the pyridine nucleotide cycle in these cells. As main conjugates, nicotinic acid N-glucoside and nicotinic acid glucose ester were found. For nicotinic acid degradation the following sequence is suggested: nicotinic acid → 6-hydroxynicotinic acid → 2,5-dihydroxypyridine → a C4/C3 unit of unknown structure → CO2. In aseptically grown parsley seedlings nicotinic acid is also degraded to CO2
Plant Biochemistry of Xenobiotics. Mineralization of Chloroaniline/Lignin Metabolites from Wheat by the White-Rot Fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Arjmand Masood , jr. Heinrich Sandermann 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The lignin metabolites formed in wheat plants from [ring-u-14C]-4-chloroaniline and -3,4-dichloroaniline were isolated by a Björkman-type procedure and characterized by gel permeation chromatography and chemical degradation. The isolated metabolite fractions were then incubated with the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
Mineralization to [14C]carbon dioxide occurred in high yields, about 65% of the initial radio­activity of the lignin-bound chloroanilines being trapped as CO2 after an incubation period of 32-33 days. The lignin metabolites with the 14C-label in the aromatic ring of the chloroanilines were mineralized as readily as a non-xenobiotic control lignin with a 14C-label in the aromatic ring of coniferyl alcohol.
It is concluded that the white-rot fungus studied has an unusually high capacity for the removal of chloroanilines and possibly other xenobiotic contaminants from the environment.
Biosynthesis of Flavor Compounds by Microorganisms 6. Odorous Constituents of Polyporus durus (Basidiomycetes)
Authors: Berger R. G. , Neuhäuser K. , Drawert F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The neutral volatile constituents produced by shake flask cultured mycelium of Polyporus durus comprise aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, lactones and various carbonyl compounds, and sesquiterpenoids. The occurrence of five 2,3-unsaturated 4-olides (γ-lactones), some of which were identified for the first time in nature, is characteristic of the fungus. The presence of a synthetic triglyceride in the nutrient medium strongly favors the formation of lactones and other volatile flavor compounds.
Content and Metabolism of Indole-3-acetic Acid (IAA) in Healthy and Rust-Infected Wheat Leaf Segments
Authors: Wiese Gertrud , Grambow Hans J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The content of IAA in stem rust-infected susceptible wheat leaves shows a highly pronounced maximum 5-6 days after inoculation, shortly prior to the onset of sporulation. This auxin increase can not only be caused by a reduced degradation of IAA. Considerable amounts of IAA are also found in urediospores and germlings; the IAA is in part released by them into the germination medium.
IAA applied exogenously to wheat leaves is channelled into two different degradation path­ways: (a) into the peroxidase-catalysed decarboxylation which leads to indole-3-methanol and subsequent products as well as into (b) a non-decarboxylative path which leads to a number of oxindolic compounds. Furthermore, IAA conjugates such as IAAglc and IAAsp are formed. The formation of the products is characteristically dependent upon the concentration of the IAA applied.
In rust fungus-infected wheat leaves, all IAA metabolites occur which are known in healthy leaves. The mode of their formation after “feeding” of radioactively-labelled IAA leads to the conclusion that the main part of the IAA in the infected leaves is present in a pool which does not permit a rapid exchange with the IAA taken up. The results lead to the hypothesis that IAA is present, to a major extent, in the structures of the fungus and is probably also produced by it.
The Production of Pyrenocines A and B by a Novel Alternaria species
Authors: Tal Beni , Robeson David J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A previously undescribed species of Alternaria was isolated from the leaves of Helianthus tuberosus bearing necrotic lesions. When this isolate was grown in liquid medium two phytotoxic metabolites were produced. These compounds were identified as pyrenocine A and pyrenocine B. The former metabolite was found to be lethal to both isolated protoplasts and whole leaf tissue of Helianthus.
Screening and Use of Sex Attractants in Monitoring of Geometrid Moths in Bulgaria
Authors: Subchev Mitko A. , Ganev Julius A. , Vostrowsky Otto 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Four candidate sex attractants for geometrid moths have been screened individually and in mixtures. As a result, in addition to the confirmation of the known sex attractants of Operophtera brumata L. and Alsophila aceraria Denis & Schiff (= A. quadripunctata Esper), possible sex attractants for five other geometrid species have also been established. For O. brumata and A. aceraria an inhibitor has been found. For the same species the possibility for seasonal monitoring by means of sex pheromone traps was demonstrated.
Evidence for the Presence of Glycerophosphonolipids in the Land Snail Eobania vermiculata
Authors: Moschidis Michael C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Total phosphonolipids from the land snail have been iso­lated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using the sol­vent system methanol-water (2:1) and have been sub­jected to silicic acid column chromatography. The fraction eluted with 40% methanol in chloroform has been ob­tained, the single species isolated by these means has been identified as the phosphono analog of phosphatidyl choline and has been fully characterized by TLC, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and phosphono-phosphorus determina­tions.
Specificity of Rabbit Antibodies Elicited by Related Synthetic Peptides
Authors: Chersi Alberto , Houghten Richard A. , Chillemi Francesco , Zito Romano , Centis Dora 
Published: August 2018

Three 17-residue peptides, presenting from 65% to 70% sequence homology, and one endecapeptide, with no apparent homology with the first three, were chemically synthesized and investigated in their ability to elicit rabbit antipeptide antibodies.
The complex crossreactivities of the antisera were investigated by testing the binding of the antibodies to the intact peptides, to their enzymatic fragments, and by the use of specific immunoadsorbents.
Antipeptide antibodies may or may not crossreact with related “parent” peptides, this depending upon number, distribution, and localization of amino acid differences in low or high antigenicity regions of the immunogen.
Related peptides may elicit antibodies that crossreact almost completely, and therefore not specific for one or the other “parent” peptide. Those the selective recognition of closely related structures.