bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced energy storage properties of polypropylene/maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene/nano‐ZrO2 ternary system
Authors: Cheng Lu , Liu Wenfeng , Liu Chengming , Liu Xiaowei , Li Shengtao 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTExtensive research studies have been carried out to enhance the energy storage density of polypropylene (PP) films for power capacitor application to cater to the development of power system. However, most of the research studies failed to balance the energy storage density and dielectric loss which generates heat and threatens the operation of power capacitor. In the present study, we proposed a ternary system composited of PP, maleic anhydride‐grafted PP (PP‐g‐MAH), and nano‐ZrO2 with totally 25 compositions in an orthogonal ingredient system. Direct current (dc) breakdown test and dielectric spectra were measured and showed that the largest enhancement of 30.2% of energy storage density was achieved with both increased dielectric constant and dc breakdown strength (BDS), while the dielectric loss kept the same level of neat PP. This on the one hand was attributed to the orientation polarization, ionic polarization, and deep traps introduced by PP‐g‐MAH and nano‐ZrO2, evidenced by the thermal stimulated depolarization current test results. On the other hand, the results of dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the compatibility of each phases was largely improved in the ternary system so that a high dc BDS was obtained due to the restricted segmental molecular motion. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48211.
Preparation of high hydroxyl self‐emulsifying polyester and compounding with acrylate
Authors: Li Rui‐Qi , Huang Tao , Gong Shu‐Ling 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWaterborne saturated polyester (WSP) with high hydroxyl content was prepared through solution polymerization by using stepwise feeding and stage heating methods. The stability of polyester dispersion was enhanced in terms of molecular structure and polymerization process. The conditions of polymerization process, monomer types, and catalyst type were determined. The effects of the ratio of alcohol‐to‐acid, trimethylolpropane (TMP) content and the feeding method, the content of terminal monomer and branched monomer on the dispersion were investigated. The stability of the self‐emulsifying polyester and the water resistance of the film were proved to be excellent. Through transesterification, waterborne unsaturated polyester (WUP) was synthesized by WSP. Polyester‐acrylate composite emulsion can be obtained by physical blending or chemical copolymerization of synthetic waterborne polyester. The viscosity of the composite emulsion was improved, and the hardness and water resistance were improved. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48278.
Estuary habitat associations for juvenile Pacific salmon and pelagic fish: Implications for coastal planning processes
Authors: Sharpe Ciara , Carr‐Harris Charmaine , Arbeider Michael , Wilson Samantha M. , Moore Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Assessment of risk from industrial developments often relies on simple habitat descriptions for focal species. However, simple habitat metrics may not be accurate predictors of locations that species actually use. Understanding the nature of habitat is particularly pressing for estuaries, as they are among the most degraded ecosystems globally but provide critical rearing habitat for many species, including Pacific salmon.
Canadian environmental impact assessment approaches use simple habitat‐type models to assess risk from developments and assume that different species of salmon rely on the same habitat. This study asked what combination of habitat type and biophysical covariates best predicted use of estuary habitat by juvenile salmon and two dominant small pelagic fish.
Fish were sampled via purse seine throughout the Skeena River estuary (British Columbia, Canada) for 2 years across different habitat types (eelgrass, open water, sandy banks, and rocky shores). Simple habitat‐type models were compared with models with more complex biophysical variables to predict the variability in relative abundance of juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon, along with pelagic fish species Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) and surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus).
The combination of variables that best predicted abundance differed across fish species. Pelagic fish were associated with near‐shore sites, increased temperature (herring), and increased salinity (smelt). Juvenile coho and sockeye salmon (but not Chinook), were more abundant in higher turbid waters. Chinook and sockeye salmon used eelgrass habitat more frequently than other habitat types, whereas coho salmon were more abundant in areas with high macroalgae cover. Models with these variables had greater predictive power than those using habitat type alone for juvenile salmon.
Simple classifications of estuary habitat currently used in environmental risk assessment may not reflect the complex nature of fish–habitat associations. Understanding biophysical factors associated with estuary fish abundance can inform management of estuary habitat to support their nursery function for important fish.
Enabling PAT in insect cell bioprocesses: In situ monitoring of recombinant adeno‐associated virus production by fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Pais Daniel A. M. , Portela Rui M. C. , Carrondo Manuel J. T. , Isidro Inês A. , Alves Paula M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe process analytical technology (PAT) initiative shifted the bioprocess development mindset towards real‐time monitoring and control tools to measure relevant process variables online, and acting accordingly when undesirable deviations occur. Online monitoring is especially important in lytic production systems in which released proteases and changes in cell physiology are likely to affect product quality attributes, as is the case of the insect cell‐baculovirus expression vector system (IC‐BEVS), a well‐established system for production of viral vectors and vaccines.Here, we applied fluorescence spectroscopy as a real‐time monitoring tool for recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) production in the IC‐BEVS. Fluorescence spectroscopy is simple, yet sensitive and informative. To overcome the strong fluorescence background of the culture medium and improve predictive ability, we combined artificial neural network models with a genetic algorithm‐based approach to optimize spectra preprocessing.We obtained predictive models for rAAV titer, cell viability and cell concentration with normalized root mean squared errors of 7%, 4%, and 7%, respectively, for leave‐one‐batch‐out cross‐validation.Our approach shows fluorescence spectroscopy allows real‐time determination of the best time of harvest to maintain rAAV infectivity, an important quality attribute, and detection of deviations from the golden batch profile. This methodology can be applied to other biopharmaceuticals produced in the IC‐BEVS, supporting the use of fluorescence spectroscopy as a versatile PAT tool.
Expanding targeting scope, editing window, and base transition capability of base editing in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Ye , Li Junwei , Yang Yi , Ni Xiaomeng , Cheng Haijiao , Huang Teng , Guo Yanmei , Ma Hongwu , Zheng Ping , Wang Meng , Sun Jibin , Ma Yanhe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9‐guided cytidine deaminase enables C:G to T:A base editing in bacterial genome without introduction of lethal double‐stranded DNA break, supplement of foreign DNA template, or dependence on inefficient homologous recombination. However, limited by genome‐targeting scope, editing window, and base transition capability, the application of base editing in metabolic engineering has not been explored. Herein, four Cas9 variants accepting different protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences were used to increase the genome‐targeting scope of bacterial base editing. After a comprehensive evaluation, we demonstrated that PAM requirement of bacterial base editing can be relaxed from NGG to NG using the Cas9 variants, providing 3.9‐fold more target loci for gene inactivation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Truncated or extended guide RNAs were employed to expand the canonical 5‐bp editing window to 7‐bp. Bacterial adenine base editing was also achieved with Cas9 fused to adenosine deaminase. With these updates, base editing can serve as an enabling tool for fast metabolic engineering. To demonstrate its potential, base editing was used to deregulate feedback inhibition of aspartokinase via amino acid substitution for lysine overproduction. Finally, a user‐friendly online tool named gBIG was provided for designing guide RNAs for base editing‐mediated inactivation of given genes in any given sequenced genome (www.ibiodesign.net/gBIG).
Characterization of Activated Carbon Adsorbents – State of the Art and Novel Approaches
Authors: Bläker Christian , Muthmann Johanna , Pasel Christoph , Bathen Dieter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractActivated carbons are widely used as commercial adsorbents. Thermal or chemical activation creates a pore system and functional groups on the inner surface which may significantly change adsorption properties. Therefore, in addition to knowledge of the structural properties, a sound understanding of surface chemistry is indispensable. This paper summarizes the state of art as well as new developments in both fields. Standardized methods for characterizing structural properties are volumetric measurements and mercury porosimetry. To get a more detailed insight into the region of micropores, a probe molecule method was developed. For characterization of surface chemistry, methods such as IR spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed desorption, and Boehm titration are subject of research. Novel methods were developed such as measuring of excess isotherms and calorimetric measurement of heat of adsorption, which are presented and discussed in greater detail in this paper. As each single method can only provide limited information, a better description of surface chemistry requires combination and careful interpretation of complementary information from different methods.
Pseudoaneurysm of the non‐coronary sinus of Valsalva: A rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Li Yuman , Tian Fangyan , Wang Jing , Xie Mingxing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPseudoaneurysm of the non‐coronary sinus of Valsalva is an exceptionally rare but potentially fatal complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Here, we report a case of a 53‐year‐old man with pseudoaneurysm of the non‐coronary sinus of Valsalva following PCI who presented with recurrent chest pain and was treated successfully by closure of the orifice of the pseudoaneurysm and coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ligand Effect in Alkali‐Metal‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Alshakova Iryna D. , Foy Hayden C. , Dudding Travis , Nikonov Georgii I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work unveils the reactivity patterns, as well as ligand and additive effect on alkali‐metal‐base‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Crucially to this reactivity is the presence of a Lewis acid (alkali cation), as opposed to a simple base effect. With aryl ketones, the observed reactivity order is Na+>Li+>K+, whereas for aliphatic substrates it follows the expected Lewis acidity, Li+>Na+>K+. Importantly, the reactivity pattern can be drastically changed by adding ligands and additives. Kinetic, labelling, and competition experiments as well as DFT calculations suggested that the reaction proceeds through a concerted direct hydride‐transfer mechanism, originally suggested by Woodward. The lithium cation was found to be intrinsically more active than heavier congeners, but in the case of aryl ketones a decrease in reaction rate was observed at ≈40 % conversion with lithium cations. Noncovalent‐interaction analysis revealed that this deceleration effect originated from specific noncovalent interactions between the aryl moiety of 1‐phenylethanol and the carbonyl group of acetophenone, which stabilize the product in the coordination sphere of lithium and thus poison the catalyst. The ligand/additive effect is a complicated phenomenon that includes a combination of several factors, such as the decrease of activation energy by ligation (confirmed by distortion/interaction calculations of N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethylethylenediamine, TMEDA) and the change in relative stabilization of reagents and substrates in the solution and the coordination sphere of the metal. Finally, we observed that lithium‐base‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation can be further facilitated by the addition of an inexpensive and benign reagent, LiCl, which likely operates by re‐initiating the reaction on a new lithium center.
Preparation and chromatographic performance of a multifunctional immobilized chiral stationary phase based on dialdehyde microcrystalline cellulose derivatives
Authors: Gao Jie , Chen Lixiao , Wu Qi , Li Hui , Dong Shuqing , Qin Peng , Yang Fang , Zhao Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) multifunctional immobilized chiral stationary phase was prepared by bonding dialdehyde microcrystalline cellulose to aminosilica via Schiff base reaction and then derivatized with 3,5‐dimethylphenyl isocyanate. The HPLC multifunctional immobilized chiral stationary phase could not only achieve chiral separation but also achieve achiral separation. Chiral separation evaluation showed that 1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethanol and mandelonitrile got separation in normal phase (NP) mode. Ranolazine, benzoin ethyl ether, metalaxyl, and diclofop were successfully separated in reversed phase (RP) mode. Aromatic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), anilines, and aromatic acids were selected as analytes to investigate the achiral separation performance of the multifunctional immobilized chiral stationary phase in NP and RP modes. The achiral separation evaluation showed that six PAHs could get good separation within 10 minutes in NP mode. Four aromatic acids were well separated in RP mode. The retention mechanism of aromatic compounds on the stationary phase was discussed, founding that π‐π interaction, π‐π electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) interaction, and hydrogen bonding interaction played important roles during the achiral separation process. This multifunctional immobilized chiral stationary phase had the advantages of simple bonding steps, short reaction time, and no need for space arm.
Assessment of Khibiny Alkaline Massif groundwater quality using statistical methods and water quality index
Authors: Popugaeva Daria , Kreyman Konstantin , Ray Ajay K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGroundwater is a major source for the water supply of households in the mining‐intensive area of Khibiny Alkaline Massif, Kola Peninsula, in the Arctic. There are an increasing number of signs of groundwater quality deterioration in the area caused by the presence of elevated aluminum concentrations. Groundwater quality studies using univariate and multivariate statistical methods and the Water Quality Index were conducted to analyze a field dataset including 12 groundwater quality parameters monitored between 1999 and 2012. Descriptive statistics showed that the monitored water did not meet the established drinking water standards for aluminum concentration and pH level. The calculated Spearman correlation coefficient matrix revealed statistically significant associations (α‐level = .05) between Al concentrations and pH values, concentrations of SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, and TDS. Factor analysis using the principal component analysis extraction method (FA/PCA) identified four major influencing factors. Altogether the factors captured 67.53% of the dataset total variance. The outcomes of the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the 12 monitored groundwater quality parameters can be grouped into three clusters where the concentration of Al and pH level formed a separate cluster. The calculated score values of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index indicated a deterioration of groundwater quality over the monitoring period.
Initial rivaroxaban dosing in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ablefoni Kaja , Buchholz Alexander , Ueberham Laura , Hilbert Sebastian , Dagres Nikolaos , Husser Daniela , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRivaroxaban is a non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulant and has been approved for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Current labeling recommends 20 mg once a day (q.d.) as a standard dose and a reduced dose of 15 mg q.d. in patients with renal impairment.HypothesisThe aim of this study was to analyze the adherence to current labeling concerning initial rivaroxaban dosing and to determine whether potential lack of such adherence is medically justified.MethodsPatients with AF initiated on rivaroxaban between January 1, 2016 and January 31, 2017, were identified in the Heart Center Leipzig database. Health records were screened to identify prescribed rivaroxaban dose, presence or absence of renal impairment, patient characteristics, further dosing‐relevant diagnoses and co‐medication with antiplatelet drugs and non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs).ResultsWe identified a total of 378 consecutive patients. In 282 cases (74.6%), rivaroxaban was prescribed in a standard dose and in 96 (25.4%) in a reduced dose. Out of 96 patients receiving a reduced dose, 50 (52.1%) did not meet labeling criteria for dose reduction. In uni‐ and multivariate regression analysis, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12‐0.95, P = .04) was the only independent predictor of rivaroxaban underdosage.ConclusionsIn clinical practice, rivaroxaban dosing is frequently incoherent with labeling. In this study, rivaroxaban was often administered underdosed. Potentially inappropriate dose reduction was significantly associated with eGFR, the same factor that is used as criterion for dose adjustment.
Trastuzumab emtansine with or without pertuzumab versus trastuzumab with taxane for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive advanced breast cancer: Final results from MARIANNE
Authors: Perez Edith A. , Barrios Carlos , Eiermann Wolfgang , Toi Masakazu , Im Young‐Hyuck , Conte Pierfranco , Martin Miguel , Pienkowski Tadeusz , Pivot Xavier B. , Burris Howard A. , Petersen Jennifer A. , De Haas Sanne , Hoersch Silke , Patre Monika , Ellis Paul Anthony 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundIn the phase 3 MARIANNE trial, trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) with or without pertuzumab showed noninferior progression‐free survival and better tolerability than trastuzumab plus a taxane (HT) for the first‐line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive advanced breast cancer. This article reports the final descriptive overall survival (OS) analysis, updated safety data, and additional patient‐reported outcomes and biomarker analyses.MethodsOS was assessed in 1095 patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer and no prior therapy for advanced disease who had been randomized to HT, T‐DM1 plus a placebo (hereafter T‐DM1), or T‐DM1 plus pertuzumab (T‐DM1+pertuzumab). A post hoc exploratory landmark analysis of OS, baseline patient and disease characteristics, and tumor biomarkers in patients with and without an objective tumor response (OR) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors within 6.5 months of randomization was conducted.ResultsThe median OS was similar across groups (50.9, 53.7, and 51.8 months for the HT, T‐DM1, and T‐DM1+pertuzumab groups, respectively). Among patients with an OR, the median OS was longer with T‐DM1 (64.4 months) and T‐DM1+pertuzumab (not reached) versus HT (56.3 months). No baseline characteristics or biomarkers were strongly associated with OR. The incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse events was greater with HT (55.8%) than T‐DM1 (47.1%) or T‐DM1+pertuzumab (48.6%). The median time to clinically meaningful deterioration (a 3‐point or greater change) in neurotoxicity symptoms was shorter with HT (2.1 months) and T‐DM1+pertuzumab (4.2 months) than T‐DM1 (6.2 months). Fewer patients reported alopecia and diarrhea and were bothered by treatment side effects in the T‐DM1 arm.ConclusionsThese results support T‐DM1 as a first‐line treatment for patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer who are deemed unsuitable for taxane‐based therapy.
Cytologic features of upper gynecologic tract adenocarcinomas exhibiting mesonephric‐like differentiation
Authors: Kezlarian Brie , Muller Stephanie , Werneck Krauss Silva Vitor , Gonzalez Carlene , Fix Daniel J. , Park Kay J. , Murali Rajmohan 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundMesonephric adenocarcinomas are rare neoplasms which most commonly arise in the lateral cervix and vagina. Tumors with similar morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics recently have been described in the uterine corpus and ovary. Herein, the authors sought to characterize the cytomorphologic features of adenocarcinomas exhibiting mesonephric‐like differentiation arising in the upper gynecologic tract.MethodsInstitutional databases were queried retrospectively for tumors of the upper gynecologic tract described as a “tumor of Wolffian origin” or “with mesonephric features” between 2007 and 2017. All available cytologic material was reviewed. Cytomorphologic characteristics were evaluated by 3 pathologists.ResultsThe current study cohort consisted of 8 cases taken from 7 patients. Primary sites included the ovary (3 cases); endometrium (4 cases); and pelvis, not otherwise specified (1 case). All cases demonstrated tight 3‐dimensional clusters of overlapping cells. Additional architectural features included tubular (5 of 8 cases; 63%) and papillary (3 of 8 cases; 38%) formations. Cells were small with scant (7 of 8 cases; 88%) to moderate (1 of 8 cases; 12%) cytoplasm. Three of the 8 cases (38%) demonstrated extracellular hyaline globules. Nuclei were uniform in size (6 of 8 cases; 75%) or showed mild anisonucleosis (2 of 8 cases; 25%). Nuclear grooves and indentations were observed in all cases. Mitoses (5 of 8 cases; 63%) and apoptotic bodies (4 of 8 cases; 50%), when present, were rare. No necrosis was noted.ConclusionsAdenocarcinomas exhibiting mesonephric‐like differentiation show a monotonous population of small cells with scant to moderate cytoplasm and abundant nuclear grooves arranged in tight, overlapping, 3‐dimensional clusters. Occasionally, papillary or tubular architecture, as well as extracellular hyaline globules, may be seen. These features should prompt further testing (eg, immunohistochemistry) to confirm the diagnosis and to exclude potential mimics.
High‐Pressure Band‐Gap Engineering and Metallization in the Perovskite Derivative Cs3Sb2I9
Authors: Wu Lianwei , Dong Zhiying , Zhang Long , Liu Cailong , Wang Kai , Zou Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmong photovoltaic materials, the antimony‐based, perovskite‐like structure Cs3Sb2I9 stands out owing to its low toxicity and air stability. Here, changes in the optoelectronic properties and crystal structure of the lead‐free perovskite derivative Cs3Sb2I9 are reported, caused by pressure‐induced lattice compression. At 20.0 GPa, Cs3Sb2I9 with a wide band gap (2.34 eV) successfully broke through the Shockley–Queisser limit (1.34 eV), accompanied by clear piezochromism from orange–yellow to opaque black. Additionally, Cs3Sb2I9 experienced completely reversible amorphization at 20.0 GPa. These optical changes could be attributed to atomic‐orbital overlap enhancement caused by contraction of the Sb−I bond length and diminution of the Sb−I bond angle. In addition, Cs3Sb2I9 underwent a transition from semiconductor to conductor upon compression and obtained metallic properties at 44.3 GPa, indicating new electronic properties. The obtained results may further broaden the research prospects of halide perovskite materials in the field of photovoltaics.