bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial cytology: Use of on‐site evaluation of small biopsy and FNA samples for clinical trials and biomarker research studies
Authors: Manzo Julia L. , Cuda Jackie , Pantanowitz Liron , Xing Juan , Yu Jing , Beasley H. Scott , Dhir Rajiv , Monaco Sara E. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDAfter increased requests for biopsies for clinical trials and biomarker research, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center created a clinical trial research service that partnered pathology, radiology, and medicine to facilitate rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and/or core needle biopsy (CNB) samples to confirm the presence of tumor in these studies.METHODSClinical trial coordinators organized biopsies for patients needing tumor samples for trials, and informed the cytopathology and radiology team. ROSE was performed to confirm the presence of sufficient tumor in FNA specimens and/or touch preparations of CNB.RESULTSA total of 79 cases from a total of 14 clinical trials were evaluated with ROSE, 77 of which (97%) were for research only. There were 53 cases (67%) from breast/ovarian cancer studies that were initiated between 2008 and 2009, whereas 26 cases (33%) included a variety of other tumors for studies that were started between 2011 and 2014. The majority required CNB samples (60 cases; 76%), 20% of which used an FNA for needle placement before obtaining CNB material and 56% of which had touch preparations of the CNB evaluated without a preceding FNA. The concordance rate for ROSE with final adequacy of the sample was 96% to 100%.CONCLUSIONSThe study institution has experienced an increase in the number of clinical trial studies requesting ROSE to confirm the presence of tumor in a variety of malignancies. Cytology laboratories can help with patient care by offering ROSE to determine the adequacy of clinical trial material to minimize the submission of unsatisfactory or nonrepresentative material. Developing a clinical research service enhances communication and the processing of novel research specimens for cancer patients. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
The Oxidation of Peroxide by Disordered Metal Oxides: A Measurement of Thermodynamic Stability “By Proxy”
Authors: Sabri Mayada , King Hannah J. , Gummow Rosalind J. , Malherbe François , Hocking Rosalie K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is often noted that disordered materials have different chemical properties to their more “ordered” cousins. Quantifying these effects in terms of thermodynamics is challenging in part because disordered materials can be difficult to characterise and are frequently relatively unstable. During the course of our experiments to understand the effects of disorder in catalysts for water oxidation we observed that many disordered manganese and cobalt oxide water oxidation catalysts directly oxidised peroxide in contrast to their more ordered analogues which catalysed its disproportionation, that is, MnO2+2 H++H2O2→Mn2++2 H2O+O2 (oxidation) versus H2O2→H2O+
O2 (disproportionation). By measuring the efficiency for one reaction over the other as a function of pH, we were able to quantify the relative stability of materials in two series of metal oxides and thereby quantify their relative thermodynamic stability, “by proxy”. We found that for the series of catalysts investigated the disorder made the materials stronger chemical oxidants and worse catalysts for the disproportionation of peroxide.
The value relevance of banking sector multidimensional corporate sustainability performance
Authors: Aras Guler , Tezcan Nuray , Kutlu Furtuna Ozlem 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate Turkish banks' multidimensional corporate sustainability performance and whether banks' sustainability efforts are value related. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, namely content analysis, entropy based and TOPSIS techniques, have been utilized in order to measure the sustainability performance. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient has been employed to investigate the nexus between overall sustainability performance scores of the banks and market value during the years 2013 and 2015. The results of this study are insignificant in the ongoing debate on whether Turkish banks' sustainability efforts are value related. However, a significant and positive relationship has been found between the financial sustainability performance and the market value in the long run. Additionally, a multidimensional corporate sustainability model that has the five dimensions of economic, environmental, social, governance and financial disclosures has been proposed. This paper is among the first to explore the nexus between sustainability performance and market value in Turkey.
Organizational structure, slack resources and sustainable corporate socially responsible performance
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Ji , Jiang Wanxing , Zhang Haomin , Hu Yanghong , Liu Min 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe current research on the slack–performance relationship pays attention mainly to a set of overlapping slack natures, such as being sticky or absorbed, without sufficient consideration of variables related to the internal structure of a given organization. We posit that this weakness may prevent us from further understanding how different slack resources (the slacks) influence firms' corporate socially responsible performance (CSR). Combining the resource‐based view of the firm with a perspective of international integration, we propose a new model explaining how structural‐related variables may interact with the slacks and influence firms' CSR. Analyzing data from publicly listed US firms (2002–2012), we obtain evidence supporting the importance of organizational integration structure for understanding the slack–performance relationship.
Increased network routing efficiency through coordinated Fibbing
Authors: Zhang Weifan , Zhang Dong , Zhu Danhong 
Published: May 2018

SummaryFor finding the best route in a network, distributed routing offers robustness but has poor flexibility while central control of software‐defined networking is just the opposite. The Fibbing architecture can run distributed routing protocols on software‐defined networking and has both robustness and flexibility. The 2 main steps of Fibbing's process are (1) compute a route that is available for the network according to the network topology and the flow request and (2) add fake nodes and fake links to augment the network topology in conformity with the distributed routing protocol and the route computed in the first step. Both of the 2 steps affect the performance of the network, but Fibbing does not consider them coordinately, and the cost of choosing the routes can be reduced further. In this paper, a coordinated algorithm for Fibbing is proposed to determine a lowest‐cost route. In the process to calculate an available route, our algorithm accommodates not only the network topology and the flow request but also the fake nodes and the fake links. The experiments on random topologies and classic topologies show that our algorithm can reduce the numbers of the fake nodes and the costs of the chosen routes, with the improved flow request acceptance ratios achieved.
Novel primary amine diazeniumdiolates—Chemical and biological characterization
Authors: Puglisi Melany P. , Bradaric Michael J. , Pontikis John , Cabai Jonathan , Weyna Theodore , Tednes Patrick , Schretzman Robert , Rickert Karl , Cao Zhao , Andrei Daniela 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery

Diazeniumdiolates, also known as NONOates, are extensively used in biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological studies due to their ability to release nitric oxide (NO.) and/or their congeneric nitroxyl (HNO). The purpose of this work was to synthesize a series of primary amine‐based diazeniumdiolates as HNO/NO donors and to determine their efficacy as anticancer and antifungal agents in vivo. The seven compounds (3a‐3g) were successfully synthesized and characterized, one of which had been previously reported in the literature (3g). Two compounds showed anti‐proliferative effects against ovarian (ES2 and SKOV3) and AML monocyte‐derived cancer cells (THP‐1) when tested with standard MTT assays. Compounds 3a and 3g demonstrated reduced ovarian cancer cell proliferation when treated at doses from 0.033 to 1.0 mg/mL at the 24 hr time point. These compounds also exhibited moderate and selective antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, one cause of opportunistic infections of immunocompromised patients, inhibiting the growth of the fungi at LD50 at 10 mg/mL. A third compound (3e) did not exhibit similar activities, possibly due to the alkyl chain. Our results suggest that the primary amine diazeniumdiolates may offer a versatile platform for the development of HNO/NO donors for biomedical applications.
Influence of invasion history on rapid morphological divergence across island populations of an exotic bird
Authors: Valentin Rafael E. , Lockwood Julie L. , Mathys Blake A. , Fonseca Dina M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that exotic populations may rapidly differentiate from those in their native range and that differences also arise among populations within the exotic range. Using morphological and DNA‐based analyses, we document the extent of trait divergence among native North American and exotic Hawaiian populations of northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Furthermore, using a combination of historical records and DNA‐based analyses, we evaluate the role of founder effects in producing observed trait differences. We measured and compared key morphological traits across northern cardinal populations in the native and exotic ranges to assess whether trait divergence across the Hawaiian Islands, where this species was introduced between 1929 and 1931, reflected observed variation across native phylogeographic clades in its native North America. We used and added to prior phylogenetic analyses based on a mitochondrial locus to identify the most likely native source clade(s) for the Hawaiian cardinal populations. We then used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to evaluate the role of founder effects in producing the observed differences in body size and bill morphology across native and exotic populations. We found cardinal populations on the Hawaiian Islands had morphological traits that diverged substantially across islands and overlapped the trait space of all measured native North American clades. The phylogeographic analysis identified the eastern North American clade (C. cardinalis cardinalis) as the most likely and sole native source for all the Hawaiian cardinal populations. The ABC analyses supported written accounts of the cardinal's introduction that indicate the original 300 cardinals shipped to Hawaii were simultaneously and evenly released across Hawaii, Kauai, and Oahu. Populations on each island likely experienced bottlenecks followed by expansion, with cardinals from the island of Hawaii eventually colonizing Maui unaided. Overall, our results suggest that founder effects had limited impact on morphological trait divergence of exotic cardinal populations in the Hawaiian archipelago, which instead reflect postintroduction events.
Reindeer green‐wave surfing constrained by predators
Authors: Rivrud Inger Maren , Sivertsen Therese Ramberg , Mysterud Atle , Åhman Birgitta , Støen Ole‐Gunnar , Skarin Anna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMigratory large herbivores in seasonal environments are known to follow the onset of new growth during spring, so‐called green‐wave surfing. This ensures prolonged access to forage with an optimal balance between forage quality and quantity. Many studies have focused on herbivores’ ability to follow the spring flush, but without considering potential constraints to surfing the green wave. The presence of predators is likely to be such a limitation, which could force herbivores to deviate from the optimal movement patterns in terms of forage access. We compared how well 319 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from seven different populations followed the green‐up at different population densities of brown bear (Ursus arctos). We found that reindeer at higher bear densities selected movement paths with lower access to high‐quality forage and deviated more in time from following the peak of the green wave, thus missing out on valuable forage. In addition, reindeer generally moved faster at higher bear densities, but this pattern was more consistent in forest habitats. Our results indicate that reindeer are forced to deviate from following the spring flush and alter their movement pattern in areas with high bear densities, which may lead to reduced body condition for reindeer experiencing high predation risk. With the recent recolonization of large carnivores in northern ecosystems, it is critical to understand the direct and indirect effects of predators on large herbivores in order to assess effects on population dynamics and potentially cascading consequences on ecosystem function.
Serotonin decreases the production of Th1/Th17 cytokines and elevates the frequency of regulatory CD4+ T‐cell subsets in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Sacramento Priscila M. , Monteiro Clarice , Dias Aleida S. O. , Kasahara Taissa M. , Ferreira Thaís B. , Hygino Joana , Wing Ana Cristina , Andrade Regis M. , Rueda Fernanda , Sales Marisa C. , Vasconcelos Claudia Cristina , Bento Cleonice A. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExcessive levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS are associated with reduced serotonin (5‐HT) synthesis, a neurotransmitter with diverse immune effects. In this study, we evaluated the ability of exogenous 5‐HT to modulate the T‐cell behavior of patients with MS, a demyelinating autoimmune disease mediated by Th1 and Th17 cytokines. Here, 5‐HT attenuated, in vitro, T‐cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 cytokines production in cell cultures from MS patients. Additionally, 5‐HT reduced IFN‐γ and IL‐17 release by CD8+ T cells. By contrast, 5‐HT increased IL‐10 production by CD4+ T cells from MS patients. A more accurate analysis of these IL‐10‐secreting CD4+ T cells revealed that 5‐HT favors the expansion of FoxP3+CD39+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and type 1 regulatory T cells. Notably, this neurotransmitter also elevated the frequency of Treg17 cells, a novel regulatory T‐cell subset. The effect of 5‐HT in upregulating CD39+ Treg and Treg17 cells was inversely correlated with the number of active brain lesions. Finally, in addition to directly reducing cytokine production by purified Th1 and Th17 cells, 5‐HT enhanced in vitro Treg function. In summary, our data suggest that serotonin may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of MS.
Optimization of an Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Imidacloprid Based on β‐cyclodextrin Electropolymerization on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Oliveira Ana Elisa Ferreira , Bettio Guilherme Braga , Pereira Arnaldo César 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor based on electropolymerization of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for the determination of imidacloprid (IMP). That insecticide is the most commonly used insecticides globally and has been related to the death of bee colonies around the world are imperative. So the development of a simple, cheap and sensitive method for IMP determination is essential. This work aims the modification of a GCE by β‐CD film. The analytical response obtained with GCCE/β‐CD in the presence of the IMP showed an increase in the peak current variation of 947 % in relation to the bare GCE, indicating that the analyte was encapsulated in the β‐CD increasing the detection sensitivity. The followed experimental conditions were optimized: potential range (−1.3 to 0.9 V), presence or absence of dissolved oxygen (presence) and stirring during the electropolymerization (with agitation), number of cycles (5 scans), electrolyte pH (pH=5.0), scan rate (100 mV s−1) and concentration of β‐CD (6 mol L−1). The optimization promoted a peak current variation increase of 57 %, developing a more sensitivity methodology.
Comparative study of mefloquine and sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine for malaria prevention among pregnant women with HIV in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Akinyotu Oriyomi , Bello Folasade , Abdus‐Salam Rukiyat , Arowojolu Ayodele 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of mefloquine and sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine as intermittent preventive therapy for malaria among pregnant women with HIV.MethodsThe present randomized, controlled, prospective, open‐label study enrolled women with HIV who had reached at least 16 weeks of pregnancy attending prenatal clinics at secondary and tertiary health facilities in South West Nigeria between January 1 and August 31, 2016. Block randomization was used to assign patients to treatment with mefloquine or sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine for malaria prophylaxis. The primary outcome was malaria parasitemia at delivery. Data were compared with the χ2 and t tests on a per‐protocol basis.ResultsOf 142 women enrolled and randomized equally to each group, 131 (92.3%) completed the study (64 in the mefloquine group and 67 in the sulphadoxine‐pyrimethamine group). Blood‐sample malaria parasites were isolated from 6 (9%) and 5 (7%) patients in the mefloquine and sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine groups, respectively, at enrolment, and 6 (9%) and 9 (13%) patients in the mefloquine and sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine groups, respectively, at delivery; the differences between the groups was not significant at enrolment (P=0.693) or delivery (P=0.466).ConclusionOutcomes following prophylactic use of mefloquine for intermittent preventive therapy for malaria among pregnant women with HIV were comparable to sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine treatment; mefloquine is a feasible alternative therapy.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02524444.
Subtrees of graphs
Authors: Chin Alex J. , Gordon Gary , MacPhee Kellie J. , Vincent Charles 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe study a new graph invariant, the sequence of the number of k‐edge subtrees of a graph. We compute the mean subtree size for several classes of graphs, concentrating on complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and theta graphs, in particular. We prove that the ratio of spanning trees to all subtrees in approaches , and give a related formula for . We also connect the number of subtrees of that contain a given subtree to the hyperbinomial transform. For theta graphs, we find formulas for the mean subtree size (approximately ) and the mode (approximately ) of the unimodal sequence . The main tool is a subtree generating function.
Assessment of liver ischemia reperfusion injury in mice using hepatic T2 mapping: Comparison with histopathology
Authors: Hueper Katja , Lang Hannah , Hartleben Björn , Gutberlet Marcel , Derlin Thorsten , Getzin Tobias , Chen Rongjun , Abou‐Rebyeh Hassan , Lehner Frank , Meier Martin , Haller Hermann , Wacker Frank , Rong Song , Gueler Faikah 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundLiver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs during liver surgery or transplantation resulting in an inflammatory response, tissue damage, and functional impairment of the organ.PurposeTo assess the feasibility of T2 mapping for noninvasive quantification of liver edema after partial liver IRI in mice.Study TypeProspective, experimental study.Animal ModelPartial liver IRI was induced in C57BL/6‐mice by transient clamping of the left lateral and median liver lobes for 35 (n = 8), 45 (n = 6), 60 (n = 17), or 90 minutes (n = 5). For comparison, healthy C57BL/6‐mice were examined as controls (n = 9).Field Strength/SequenceFunctional liver MRI was performed on a 7T scanner using a respiratory‐triggered multiecho spin‐echo sequence.AssessmentHealthy control mice and mice with partial liver IRI on day 1 after surgery, and additionally on day 7 in a subgroup with 60 minutes IRI (n = 8) were examined. Maps of T2 relaxation time of liver tissue were used to assess distribution, severity of tissue edema (mean T2 time), and the percentage of edematous liver tissue.Statistical TestOne‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD), paired t‐tests, Pearson's test for correlation of MRI parameters with levels of liver enzymes, and histopathology, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsSignificant tissue edema induced by liver IRI as compared to the control group was detected by increased mean T2 times in groups with 60 minutes (P < 0.001) and 90 minutes IRI (P < 0.001). The percentage of edematous liver tissue significantly increased with longer ischemia times (controls 3.4 ± 0.4%, 35 minutes 5.3 ± 0.6%, 45 minutes 23.3 ± 7.6%, 60 minutes 39.7 ± 3.6%, 90 minutes 51.3 ± 4.5%). Mean T2 times and the percentage of edematous liver tissue significantly correlated with elevation of liver enzymes (P < 0.001), histological evidence of liver injury (r = 0.80 and r = 0.82, P < 0.001), and neutrophil infiltration (r = 0.70 and r = 0.74, P < 0.001). In the subgroup with follow‐up, the severity (P < 0.01) and extent of liver edema decreased significantly over time (P < 0.01).Data ConclusionT2 mapping allows quantification and follow‐up of liver injury in mice.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1586–1594
A complex network analysis of global tourism flows
Authors: Lozano Sebastián , Gutiérrez Ester 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the global tourism network (GTN) is studied in order to gain insight about its structure and the interactions between source and destination markets. To concentrate on the main source and destination markets for each country, only its top k inbound and outbound flows are considered. The distribution of these most important ties in international tourism seems to be scale‐free, with some occurrence of reciprocity, large transitivity, and high‐degree centralization. The GTN shows a clustered structure determined by geographical as well as trade and cultural factors. Each major global and regional power seems to have a certain tourism sphere of influence. The network has a small world character and a high degree of geographic homophily, with more links within continents than between continents. Exponential random graph models have been fit to explain the observed global structure of the network based on its local interactions, and a number of significant motifs have been identified. The picture that results is a GTN that emerges from superimposed local processes in which tourism flows between countries is determined from multiple independent individual decisions made at the local level. This insight that global tourism patterns are driven by local processes is a major contribution of this research and can help develop strategic plans and cooperation partnerships at the national and regional levels, involving private and public stakeholders and targeting specific source and destination markets. The indicators computed using network analysis of global tourism flows can also be used to complement and enrich the information provided by current tourism statistics.
Visitor experience of the Hong Kong trams as an unconventional attraction
Authors: Xu Jing (Bill) , Yan Libo , Mak Connie K.Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe unconventional attractions failed to receive enough attention in academia. Although generally excluded from the tourism authority's highlight attractions, unconventional attractions, such as the Hong Kong trams, are appealing to the inquisitive tourists. Employing a netnography method, this study reveals 6 themes embedded in visitor experience of the Hong Kong trams: entertainment experience, people watching, historical experience, slow tourism, unique mobility, and social interaction. This study further contributes to the literature by introducing a 2‐dimension framework that incorporates the above themes. Tourism authorities are suggested reconsidering their marketing priorities to reflect the importance of unconventional attractions.