bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dihydroxyacetone: An Updated Insight into an Important Bioproduct
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Fidalgo Alexandra , Ilharco Laura M. , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCurrently obtained from glycerol through microbial fermentation, the demand of 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (DHA) has significantly grown during the course of the last decade, driven by the consumer passion for a tan and increasing awareness of UV photodamage to the skin caused by prolonged exposure to the sun. We provide an updated bioeconomy perspective into a valued bioproduct (DHA), whose supply and production from glycerol, we argue in this study, will rapidly expand and diversify, with important global health benefits.
Cover Image, Volume 67, Issue 5
Authors: Jeong Keuk‐Min , Li Yuheng , Yoo Dae‐Geon , Lee Nam‐Kyoung , Lee Hyeok‐Gi , Ando Shinji , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: April 2018

The cover image, by Keuk‐Min Jeong et al., is based on the Research Article Effects of crosslinking agents on the physical properties of polyimide/amino‐functionalized graphene oxide hybrid films, DOI: 10.1002/pi.5555.
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Cover Image, Volume 74, Issue 5
Authors: Van Horn Christopher R , Moretti Marcelo L , Robertson Renae R , Segobye Kabelo , Weller Stephen C , Young Bryan G , Johnson William G , Schulz Burkhard , Green Amanda C , Jeffery Taylor , Lespérance Mackenzie A , Tardif François J , Sikkema Peter H , Hall J Christopher , McLean Michael D , Lawton Mark B , Sammons R Douglas , Wang Dafu , Westra Philip , Gaines Todd A 
Published: April 2018

The cover image, by Christopher R Van Horn et al., is based on the Research Article Glyphosate resistance in Ambrosia trifida: Part 1. Novel rapid cell death response to glyphosate, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4567. Glyphosate‐susceptible (top) and ‐resistant (bottom) giant ragweed 2 (left) and 21 (right) days after glyphosate treatment.
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Insights into the helix‐sense inversion of poly(β‐phenethyl‐L‐aspartate) by two‐dimensional Raman correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Furuya Hidemine 
Published: April 2018

In this study, the transition process of the helix‐sense inversion of poly(β‐phenethyl‐L‐aspartate) was investigated by Raman scattering and 2‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectra were obtained during the helix‐sense inversion. The results of 2‐dimensional correlation analysis in the spectral regions of 1600‐1800 and 3200‐3400 cm−1 showed that the intensity changes of the side‐chain ester C═O stretching bands occurred prior to those of amide A and amide I bands in the unwinding process of αR‐helix on heating. The sequential order of the intensity changes for amide A, amide I, and the side‐chain ester C═O stretching bands during the inversion process was determined. It was found that the conformation change of the side chain occurred prior to that of the main chain for the αR‐helix on heating. Thus, we concluded that the transformation of the backbone chain from right‐handed to left‐handed is triggered by the conformational change of the side chains.
Modeling Selectivity in the Fischer‐Tropsch Process with Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Atashi Hossein , Dinarvandi Kousar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, biomass and agricultural residue as a renewable and reliable resource contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis depends on the carbon structure available resources (coal, biomass, natural gas), which plays an important role in most of the primary energy supply. In this article, the effects of factors affecting the selectivity a model of Fe/Cu/K/Al catalyst for the optimization of products were investigated using statistical method. The statistical method is a relationship between the response process and the independent variable in the selectivity model. The results show, Adj R2 and R‐Sq are significant values in a model used for the optimization of products. Finally, maximizing CO+CO2 conversion and C5+ selectivity and minimizing CH4, CO, CO2, C2‐4, olefin in C2‐4 selectivity were investigated under best operating conditions.
Bimetallic Fe/Ti‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Persulfate‐Assisted Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange II
Authors: Wang Minghua , Yang Longyu , Guo Chuanpan , Liu Xufei , He Linghao , Song Yingpan , Zhang Qingxin , Qu Xiongwei , Zhang Hongzhong , Zhang Zhihong , Fang Shaoming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAmine‐functionalized bimetallic Fe/Ti‐based metal–organic frameworks (Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2) were synthesized via the solvothermal method and used as photocatalysts and activators for persulfate (PS)‐assisted visible light photocatalytic degradation of Orange II. Nearly 100% of Orange II was removed within 10 min in the Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1)/PS/Vis process, while only 10.7% and 70.9% of Orange II were removed in Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1)/Vis and Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1)/PS processes within 10 min, respectively. Therefore, the synergistic effect of PS activation and visible light photocatalysis was demonstrated by the Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1) composite. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst can be attributed to the efficient electrons transfer by Fe3+/Fe2+ and Ti4+/Ti3+ redox cycles, activation of PS by photogenerated electrons to produce sulfate radicals (SO4•−), and increased formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Concurrently, the Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1) photocatalyst also exhibited good reusability and stability in the photocatalytic reaction system.
Aziridine Ring Opening: An Overview of Sustainable Methods
Authors: Sabir Shekh , Kumar Ganesh , Verma Ved Prakash , Jat Jawahar L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAziridines are important synthetic intermediates as many diverse class of compounds could be produced by opening their strained ring. Hence, many publications could be found in the literature describing various approaches for the ring‐opening reactions of aziridines. Recently, simple, cost‐effective and greener approaches for these reactions have attracted significant attention of researchers. In this review, we have presented several sustainable methods for ring opening of various substituted aziridines.
Combining Genetic, Isotopic, and Field Data to Better Describe the Influence of Dams and Diversions on Burbot Movement in the Wind River Drainage, Wyoming
Authors: Hooley‐Underwood Zachary , Mandeville Elizabeth G. , Gerrity Paul , Deromedi Joe , Johnson Kevin , Walters Annika W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDams and water diversions fragment habitat, entrain fish, and alter fish movement. Many Burbot Lota lota populations are declining, with dams and water diversions thought to be a major threat. We used multiple methods to identify Burbot movement patterns and assess entrainment into an irrigation system in the Wind River, Wyoming. We assessed seasonal movement of Burbot with a mark–recapture (PIT tagging) study, natal origins of entrained fish with otolith microchemistry, and historic movement with genotyping by sequencing. We found limited evidence of entrainment in irrigation waters across all approaches. The mark–recapture study indicated that out‐migration from potential source populations could be influenced by flow regime but was generally low. Otolith and genomic results suggested the presence of a self‐sustaining population within the irrigation network. We conclude that emigration from natural tributary populations is not the current source of the majority of Burbot found in irrigation waters. Instead, reservoir and irrigation canal construction has created novel habitat in which Burbot have established a population. Using a multi‐scale approach increased our inferential abilities and mechanistic understanding of movement patterns between natural and managed systems.
Passive vibration control of an offshore floating hydrostatic wind turbine model
Authors: Tong Xin , Zhao Xiaowei , Karcanias Aris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe propose to make use of the hydraulic reservoir of a floating barge hydrostatic wind turbine (HWT) to suppress the pitch and roll motions of the barge by making the reservoir into a shape of an annular rectangular to serve as a bidirectional tuned liquid column damper (BTLCD). This means that we have made a barge‐motion damper with negligible extra costs as an HWT needs a reservoir for fluid storage anyway. The barge HWT simulation model is transformed from the NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) 5‐MW geared equipped ITI Energy barge wind turbine model within the FAST (fatigue, aerodynamics, structures, and turbulence) code by replacing its drivetrain with a hydrostatic transmission drivetrain and incorporating the coupled dynamics of the barge‐reservoir system. We use 2 simplified turbine‐reservoir models to optimize the parameters of the BTLCD reservoir, which describe the pitch and roll motions of the turbine‐reservoir system, respectively. Simulation results based on the transformed NREL 5‐MW barge HWT model show that the optimal BTLCD reservoir is very effective in mitigating pitch and roll motions of the barge under realistic wind and wave excitations, which reduces the tower load and improves the power quality.
Experimental parameter study for passive vortex generators on a 30% thick airfoil
Authors: Baldacchino Daniel , Ferreira Carlos , Tavernier Delphine De , Timmer W.A. , van Bussel G. J. W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPassive vane–type vortex generators (VGs) are commonly used on wind turbine blades to mitigate the effects of flow separation. However, significant uncertainty surrounds VG design guidelines. Understanding the influence of VG parameters on airfoil performance requires a systematic approach targeting wind energy‐specific airfoils. Thus, the 30%‐thick DU97‐W‐300 airfoil was equipped with numerous VG designs, and its performance was evaluated in the Delft University Low Turbulence Wind Tunnel at a chord‐based Reynolds number of 2×106. Oil‐flow visualizations confirmed the suppression of separation as a result of the vortex‐induced mixing. Further investigation of the oil streaks demonstrated a method to determine the vortex strength. The airfoil performance sensitivity to 41 different VG designs was explored by analysing model and wake pressures. The chordwise positioning, array configuration, and vane height were of prime importance. The sensitivity to vane length, inclination angle, vane shape, and array packing density proved secondary. The VGs were also able to delay stall with simulated airfoil surface roughness. The use of the VG mounting strip was detrimental to the airfoil's performance, highlighting the aerodynamic cost of the commonly used mounting technique. Time‐averaged pressure distributions and the lift standard deviation revealed that the presence of VGs increases load fluctuations in the stalling regime, compared with the uncontrolled case.
Translation initiation by cap‐dependent ribosome recruitment: Recent insights and open questions
Authors: Shirokikh Nikolay E. , Preiss Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Gene expression universally relies on protein synthesis, where ribosomes recognize and decode the messenger RNA template by cycling through translation initiation, elongation, and termination phases. All aspects of translation have been studied for decades using the tools of biochemistry and molecular biology available at the time. Here, we focus on the mechanism of translation initiation in eukaryotes, which is remarkably more complex than prokaryotic initiation and is the target of multiple types of regulatory intervention. The “consensus” model, featuring cap‐dependent ribosome entry and scanning of mRNA leader sequences, represents the predominantly utilized initiation pathway across eukaryotes, although several variations of the model and alternative initiation mechanisms are also known. Recent advances in structural biology techniques have enabled remarkable molecular‐level insights into the functional states of eukaryotic ribosomes, including a range of ribosomal complexes with different combinations of translation initiation factors that are thought to represent bona fide intermediates of the initiation process. Similarly, high‐throughput sequencing‐based ribosome profiling or “footprinting” approaches have allowed much progress in understanding the elongation phase of translation, and variants of them are beginning to reveal the remaining mysteries of initiation, as well as aspects of translation termination and ribosomal recycling. A current view on the eukaryotic initiation mechanism is presented here with an emphasis on how recent structural and footprinting results underpin axioms of the consensus model. Along the way, we further outline some contested mechanistic issues and major open questions still to be addressed.This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Idiosyncratic risk and the cross-section of stock returns: the role of mean-reverting idiosyncratic volatility
Authors: Bozhkov Stanislav , Lee Habin , Sivarajah Uthayasankar , Despoudi Stella , Nandy Monomita 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A key prediction of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is that idiosyncratic risk is not priced by investors because in the absence of frictions it can be fully diversified away. In the presence of constraints on diversification, refinements of the CAPM conclude that the part of idiosyncratic risk that is not diversified should be priced. Recent empirical studies yielded mixed evidence with some studies finding positive correlation between idiosyncratic risk and stock returns, while other studies reported none or even negative correlation. We examine whether idiosyncratic risk is priced by the stock market and what are the probable causes for the mixed evidence produced by other studies, using monthly data for the US market covering the period from 1980 until 2013. We find that one-period volatility forecasts are not significantly correlated with stock returns. The mean-reverting unconditional volatility, however, is a robust predictor of returns. Consistent with economic theory, the size of the premium depends on the degree of ‘knowledge’ of the security among market participants. In particular, the premium for Nasdaq-traded stocks is higher than that for NYSE and Amex stocks. We also find stronger correlation between idiosyncratic risk and returns during recessions, which may suggest interaction of risk premium with decreased risk tolerance or other investment considerations like flight to safety or liquidity requirements. We identify the difference between the correlations of the idiosyncratic volatility estimators used by other studies and the true risk metric the mean-reverting volatility as the likely cause for the mixed evidence produced by other studies. Our results are robust with respect to liquidity, momentum, return reversals, unadjusted price, liquidity, credit quality, omitted factors, and hold at daily frequency.
Accurate fast computation of steady two-dimensional surface gravity waves in arbitrary depth
Authors: Clamond Didier , Dutykh Denys 
Published: April 2018

This paper describes an efficient algorithm for computing steady two-dimensional surface gravity waves in irrotational motion. The algorithm complexity is $O(N\log N)$, $N$ being the number of Fourier modes. This feature allows the arbitrary precision computation of waves in arbitrary depth, i.e. it works efficiently for Stokes, cnoidal and solitary waves, even for quite large steepnesses, up to approximately 99 % of the maximum steepness for all wavelengths. In particular, the possibility to compute very long (cnoidal) waves accurately is a feature not shared by other algorithms and asymptotic expansions. The method is based on conformal mapping, the Babenko equation rewritten in a suitable way, the pseudo-spectral method and Petviashvili iterations. The efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated via some relevant numerical examples. The code is open source, so interested readers can easily check the claims, use and modify the algorithm.
Systemic inflammation and intelligence in early adulthood and subsequent risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: a longitudinal cohort and co-relative study
Authors: Kappelmann Nils , Khandaker Golam M , Dal Henrik , Stochl Jan , Kosidou Kyriaki , Jones Peter B , Dalman Christina , Karlsson Håkan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with impaired neurodevelopment as indexed by lower premorbid IQ. We examined associations between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation, IQ, and subsequent schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses (ONAP) to elucidate the role of neurodevelopment and inflammation in the pathogenesis of psychosis.MethodsPopulation-based data on ESR and IQ from 638 213 Swedish men assessed during military conscription between 1969 and 1983 were linked to National Hospital Discharge Register for hospitalisation with schizophrenia and ONAP. The associations of ESR with IQ (cross-sectional) and psychoses (longitudinal) were investigated using linear and Cox-regression. The co-relative analysis was used to examine effects of shared familial confounding. We examined mediation and moderation of effect between ESR and IQ on psychosis risk.ResultsBaseline IQ was associated with subsequent risk of schizophrenia (adjusted HR per 1-point increase in IQ = 0.961; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.960–0.963) and ONAP (adjusted HR = 0.973; 95% CI 0.971–0.975). Higher ESR was associated with lower IQ in a dose-response fashion. High ESR was associated withincreasedrisk for schizophrenia (adjusted HR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.01–1.28) anddecreasedrisk for ONAP (adjusted HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.96), although these effects were specific to one ESR band (7–10 mm/hr). Familial confounding explained ESR-IQ but not ESR-psychoses associations. IQ partly mediated the ESR-psychosis relationships.ConclusionsLower IQ is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and with an increased risk of schizophrenia and ONAP in adulthood. Low-grade inflammation may influence schizophrenia risk by affecting neurodevelopment. Future studies should explore the differential effects of inflammation on different types of psychosis.
Shamanism and the social nature of cumulative culture
Authors: Nielsen Mark , Fischer Ronald , Kashima Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOur species-unique capacity for cumulative culture relies on a complex interplay between social and cognitive motivations. Attempting to understand much of human behaviour will be incomplete if one of these motivations is the focus at the expense of the other. Anchored in gene-culture co-evolution theory, we stake a claim for the importance of social drivers in determining why shamans exist.
Boron nitride nanoresonators for phonon-enhanced molecular vibrational spectroscopy at the strong coupling limit
Authors: Autore Marta , Li Peining , Dolado Irene , Alfaro-Mozaz Francisco J , Esteban Ruben , Atxabal Ainhoa , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E , Alonso-González Pablo , Aizpurua Javier , Nikitin Alexey Y , Vélez Saül , Hillenbrand Rainer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEnhanced light-matter interactions are the basis of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy, and conventionally rely on plasmonic materials and their capability to focus light to nanoscale spot sizes. Phonon polariton nanoresonators made of polar crystals could represent an interesting alternative, since they exhibit large quality factors, which go far beyond those of their plasmonic counterparts. The recent emergence of van der Waals crystals enables the fabrication of high-quality nanophotonic resonators based on phonon polaritons, as reported for the prototypical infrared-phononic material hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). In this work we use, for the first time, phonon-polariton-resonant h-BN ribbons for SEIRA spectroscopy of small amounts of organic molecules in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Strikingly, the interaction between phonon polaritons and molecular vibrations reaches experimentally the onset of the strong coupling regime, while numerical simulations predict that vibrational strong coupling can be fully achieved. Phonon polariton nanoresonators thus could become a viable platform for sensing, local control of chemical reactivity and infrared quantum cavity optics experiments.
Altered connection properties of important network hubs may be neural risk factors for individuals with primary insomnia
Authors: Liu Xuming , Zheng Jiyong , Liu Bi-Xia , Dai Xi-Jian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrimary insomnia (PIs) is highly prevalent and can lead to adverse socioeconomic impacts, but the underlying mechanism of its complex brain network impairment remains largely unknown. Functional studies are too few and diverse in methodology, which makes it difficult to glean general conclusions. To answer this question, we first used graph theory-based network analyse, together with seed-based functional connectivity approach, to characterize the topology architecture of whole-brain functional networks associated with PIs. Forty-eight subjects with PIs and 48 age/sex/education-matched good sleepers were recruited. We found PIs is associated with altered connection properties of intra-networks within the executive control network, default mode network and salience network, and inter-network between auditory language comprehension center and executive control network. These complex networks were correlated with negative emotions and insomnia severity in the PIs group. Altered connection properties of these network hubs appeared to be neural risk factors for neuropsychological changes of PIs, and might be used as potential neuroimaging markers to distinguish the PIs from the good sleepers. These findings highlight the role of functional connectivity in the pathophysiology of PIs, and may underlie the neural mechanisms of etiology of PIs.
Testosterone Deficiency, Weakness, and Multimorbidity in Men
Authors: Peterson Mark D. , Belakovskiy Aleksandr , McGrath Ryan , Yarrow Joshua F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to evaluate the association between total testosterone (TT) deficiency and weakness on multimorbidity in men. Analyses were performed to examine the prevalence of multimobidity among young, middle-aged, and older men, with and without testosterone deficiency. Multivariate logistic models were also used to determine the association between age-specific TT tertiles and multimorbidity, adjusting for key sociodemographic variables, as well as a secondary analysis adjusted for grip strength. Multimorbidity was more prevalent among men with testosterone deficiency, compared to normal TT in the entire group (36.6% vs 55.2%; p < 0.001); however, differences were only seen within young (testosterone deficiency: 36.4%; normal TT: 13.5%; p < 0.001) and older men (testosterone deficiency: 75.0%; normal TT: 61.5%; p < 0.001). Robust associations were found between the age-specific low-TT (OR: 2.87; 95%CI: 2.14–3.83) and moderate-TT (OR: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.27–2.20) tertiles (reference high-TT) and multimorbidity. Secondary analysis demonstrated that both low TT (OR: 1.82; 95%CI: 1.29–2.55) and moderate-TT (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.01–1.69) were associated with multimorbidity, even after adjusting for obesity (OR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.07–2.87) and NGS (OR: 1.21 per 0.05 unit lower NGS). Low TT and weakness in men were independently associated with multimorbidity at all ages; however, multimorbidity was more prevalent among young and older men with testosterone deficiency.