bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytogentics of fibroblastic colonies in Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Greenberg BR , Wilson FD , Woo L , Jenks HM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cytogenetic status of bone marrow stromal elements obtained from six patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), two in blast crisis, was studied in vitro utilizing the potential of marrow to form surface-adherent colonies morphologically compatible with mesenchymal elements. We demonstrated the absence of both the marker chromosome and other chromosomal abnormalities in all the fibroblastic colonies studied, indicating that the progenitors of such colonies (plaque-forming units in culture, PFU-C) are not closely related to hematopoietic elements including macrophages. This supports previous reports suggesting that the stromal elements in myelofibrosis associated with CML are not derived from the primary Ph1-positive malignant clone but represent a stromal reactive component of benign or independent malignant potential.
Acquired IgG antibody occurring in a thrombasthenic patient: its effect on human platelet function
Authors: Levy-Toledano S , Tobelem G , Legrand C , Bredoux R , Degos L , Nurden A , Caen JP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In subagglutinating amounts, an IgG antibody isolated from the plasma of a polytransfused thrombasthenic patient (L) inhibited ADP-, epinephrine-, collagen-, and thrombin-induced aggregation of normal human platelets. The inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation was strongly diminished following the prior incubation of the antibody with control human platelet stroma but not with the stroma prepared from the platelets of two different thrombasthenic patients. The IgG(L) did not affect the binding of 14C-ADP to control human platelet membranes and did not inhibit the ADP-induced shape change. Bovine factor VIIIVWF- induced agglutination and ristocetin-induced aggregation of control human platelets were not inhibited in the presence of the antibody. The IgG(L) strongly inhibited ADP-induced retraction of reptilase clot and thrombin-induced clot retraction. This antibody therefore induced a thrombasthenialike state in normal human platelets, suggesting that the antigenic site recognized by the antibody plays a central role in the later stages of the mechanism of platelet aggregation induced by physiologic aggregation-inducing agents.
Abnormalities of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis in vitamin E- deficient rabbits
Authors: Chou AC , Broun GO Jr , Fitch CD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rabbits fed a vitamin E-deficient diet developed severe muscular dystrophy in 3–4 wk, but they did not become anemic. Nevertheless, reticulocyte counts increased in deficient rabbits (3.2%) compared to control rabbits (0.9%), and erythroid hyperplasia was evident in the bone marrow. Comparing deficient rabbits to controls, the plasma iron concentration was lower (134.4 versus 206.6 microgram/dl); the TIBC was higher (335.9 versus 228.3 microgram/dl); the whole blood protoporphyrin concentration was higher (131.6 versus 81.7 microgram/dl); and the total iron content was lower in spleen (71 versus 153 microgram), higher in skeletal muscle (4956 versus 3054 microgram), and unchanged in bone marrow, liver, and heart. Studies of iron absorption and excretion using 59Fe showed no abnormalities in deficient rabbits. There were abnormalities of ferrokinetics, however. The half-time of disappearance of 59Fe was shorter (100.6 versus 169.4 min), the plasma iron turnover was greater (1.25 versus 0.95 mg/dl blood/day), and the reappearance of 59Fe in circulating erythrocytes at day 9 was greater (77.2% versus 57.2%) in deficient rabbits. Anemia induced by phlebotomy accentuated the abnormal iron metabolism of deficient rabbits, and the animals were unable to correct the anemia. These findings show that vitamin E deficiency in rabbits causes abnormal erythropoiesis associated with abnormal iron metabolism and sequestration of iron in skeletal muscle.
Development of a practical oral dexamethasone premedication schedule leading to improved granulocyte yields with the continuous-flow centrifugal blood cell separator
Authors: Winton EF , Vogler WR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies were conducted to improve the yield of granulocytes collected for transfusion from normal donors by means of the continuous-flow centrifugal blood cell separator. Nonleukapheresed donors were medicated with varying schedules of corticosteroids to learn the magnitude and duration of granulocytosis. Normal donors were medicated with varying schedules of corticosteroids prior to a 4-hr leukapheresis and the granulocyte yields determined. It was found that maximum yields (32.2 x 10(9) granulocytes) were obtained by use of dexamethasone given orally 12 and 3 hr prior to leukapheresis. There was a good correlation between the yields and the circulating granulocyte count at the start and during the procedure.
T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: presence in bone marrow and peripheral blood of cells that suppress erythropoiesis in vitro
Authors: Hoffman R , Kopel S , Hsu SD , Dainiak N , Zanjani ED 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The pathogenesis of the anemia associated with malignancy was investigated in a patient with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The plasma clot culture system was used as a measure in vitro of erythropoiesis. The patient's peripheral blood and marrow T lymphocytes obtained both before and after transfusion therapy suppressed erythroid colony formation by normal human bone marrow cells. Pretreatment of the patient's bone marrow T cells by antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and complement reversed this suppression. In addition, pretreatment of the patient's marrow cells with ATG and complement markedly augmented erythropoiesis in vitro. The expression of erythroid activity caused by the selective destruction of the suppressor T lymphocytes in the patient's bone marrow with ATG and the suppression of normal erythropoiesis by the patient's bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes suggest that interaction between the malignant T cell and the erythropoietin-responsive stem cell is important in production of anemia in this patient.
Successful engraftment of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow in patients with malignant lymphoma
Authors: Appelbaum FR , Herzig GP , Ziegler JL , Graw RG , Levine AS , Deisseroth AB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an effort to evaluate the possible utility of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow infusions in man, 22 patients with malignant lymphoma resistant to conventional chemotherapy were treated with high- dose chemotherapy. This was followed in 12 patients by an infusion of their cryopreserved autologous bone marrow; 10 patients received chemotherapy alone and serve as controls. Following chemotherapy, severe leukopenia (less than 100 leukocytes/mm3) lasted 6–10 (median 8) days in patients receiving cryopreserved marrow, compared to 10–29 (median 16) days in controls (p less than 0.001). Recovery to 1000 leukocytes/mm3 occurred 10–18 (median 13) days after chemotherapy in autograft recipients but was delayed until 12–38 (median 23) days after chemotherapy in controls (p less than 0.001). Autografted patients also recovered granulocyte and platelet function significantly faster and had significantly fewer febrile days after chemotherapy than did controls. Cryopreserved autologous bone marrow infusions can hasten hemopoietic recovery in man after high-dose chemotherapy; this earlier reconstitution may be of clinical benefit to the patient.
Ultrastructural study of acute lymphocytic leukemia: comparison with immunologic studies
Authors: Glick AD , Vestal BK , Flexner JM , Collins RD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Leukemic cells from 29 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), studied for T and B cell markers by the use of sheep erythrocyte rosetting and surface immunoglobulin determinations, were examined by electron microscopy. The majority of patients (76%) were found to have non-T, non-B neoplasms composed predominantly of relatively small, inactive-appearing cells with frequent nuclear folds. T cell cases (21%) were associated with mediastinal masses and were predominantly composed of large, active-appearing cells with nuclear irregularity and little rough endoplasmic reticulum. One case of B cell origin was not morphologically distinct from the non-T, non-B cell cases.
Hereditary abnormality of platelet aggregation attributable to nucleotide storage pool deficiency
Authors: Ingerman CM , Smith JB , Shapiro S , Sedar A , Silver MJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An abnormality of platelet aggregation has been detected in six family members with mild bleeding tendencies. In citrated platelet-rich plasma, primary aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine and agglutination in response to ristocetin were present but second wave aggregation and aggregation in response to collagen suspension were absent or greatly reduced. Sodium arachidonate-induced aggregation was normal although aggregation in response to prostaglandin G2 was reduced and depended entirely on the presence of plasma or ADP. Further tests indicated that the platelets produced prostaglandins but did not release ATP in response to thrombin or sodium arachidonate. Platelets from the patients were found to contain reduced amounts of ADP and 5- hydroxytryptamine and to be unable to retain radioactivity during prolonged incubation at 37 degree C with radiolabeled 5- hydroxytryptamine. Although electron microscopy revealed an absence of very dense bodies, the platelets appeared otherwise normal. The findings are discussed in relation to previous studies of nucleotide storage pool deficiency and the light they shed on platelet physiology in general.
Efficacy of granulocyte transfusions in the control of systemic candidiasis in the leukopenic host
Authors: Ruthe RC , Andersen BR , Cunningham BL , Epstein RB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An experimental canine model was designed to evaluate the effect of granulocyte transfusions on systemic infection with Candida albicans in the granulocytopenic host. Each of a pair of dogs was rendered granulocytopenic with a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg body weight) and challenged with 10(6) Candida albicans organisms administered i.v. when granulocyte counts were less than or equal to 500/mm3. Granulocytes procured by leukofiltration were infused into six experimental dogs 1, 24, 48, and 72 hr after challenge with Candida. An average of 13 +/- 1.3 X 10(9) granulocytes were administered per infusion, producing an average 1-hr increment of 588 +/- 146 granulocytes/mm3 over the pretransfusion granulocyte count. Experimental and control dogs were killed 96 hr after challenge and organs examined grossly and by quantitative culture techniques to measure the extent of infection. All animals receiving granulocyte transfusions had significantly less tissue infection than nontransfused controls (p less than 0.05). It was concluded that granulocyte transfusions are effective in reducing the severity of infection by Candida albicans during periods of leukopenia.
Safety and efficacy of jet anesthesia for bone marrow aspirations
Authors: Dyment PG , Doering EJ , McHugh MJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aspirations or Jamshidi needle biopsies (n = 287) of bone marrow were performed on children and adolescents with acute leukemia or other malignant disease following the use of a spring-loaded instrument that delivered local anesthetic in a jet spray; 89% of the patients were receiving chemotherapy, 12% were thrombocytopenic, and 23% of the 269 patients who were afebrile at the time of the procedure were severely neutropenic. None of these patients had an infection or a hemorrhage as a complication of the procedure. We conclude that not only is this procedure safe, but it is also much less painful than the traditional method of local anesthetic infiltration using a syringe and needle.
Heterogeneity of human whole blood platelet subpopulations. II. Use of a subhuman primate model to analyze the relationship between density and platelet age
Authors: Corash L , Shafer B , Perlow M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A subhuman primate model was developed to ascertain whether or not platelet heterogeneity could be explained by aging in the peripheral circulation. Density-dependent platelet cohorts, postulated to represent cells of different ages, were isolated on isosmolar arabinogalactan gradients and labeled with radiochromium. Mean platelet lifespan was measured for the different density cohorts, and simultaneous sequential density distribution analysis was performed to follow changes in cell density during aging. The average mean lifespan of light platelets was 74.6 hr, compared to 313.6 hr for heavy platelets. After injection, labeled light platelets were recovered only in the gradient light region, in contrast to labeled heavy platelets, which were initially restricted to the dense region and progressively migrated to the light region during their lifespan. This study supports the hypothesis that platelet age in unstressed primates correlates with cell density and provides a rationale for the use of “age-dependent” markers to estimate platelet turnover rates.
Fetal hemoglobin in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): evidence for derivation of HbF-containing erythrocytes (F cells) from the PNH clone as well as from normal hemopoietic stem cell lines
Authors: Papayannopoulou T , Rosse W , Stamatoyannopoulos G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cellular distribution of HbF was studied in nine patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) by measuring the level of HbF and determining the number of HbF-containing red cells (F cells) in whole blood and in the population of normal cells obtained after immune lysis of the abnormal erythrocytes. The amounts of HbF and the F cell frequencies found in the normal red cells were strikingly similar to the values seen in whole blood. The observed frequencies of F cells in normal cells best fitted those expected under the assumption that the F cells arise equally from normal hemopoietic stem cells and from the stem cells with the PNH defect. Since PNH appears to be a clonal hemopoietic stem cell disorder, this evidence argues against a derivation of F cells from distinct pluripotent stem cell lines.
Primary systemic amyloidosis: comparison of melphalan and prednisone versus placebo
Authors: Kyle RA , Greipp PR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Satisfactory treatment for primary amyloidosis does not exist. Because the amyloid fibrils consist of a portion of a monoclonal light chain, it appears reasonable to treat amyloidosis with alkylating agents that are effective against the plasma cells that synthesize monoclonal light chains. Fifty-five patients with primary systemic amyloidosis were randomized (double blind) to melphalan-prednisone or placebo. In comparison with the placebo group, patients given melphalan-prednisone were able to continue on treatment for a longer time and to receive larger doses before the code was broken. Among this group, the nephrotic syndrome disappeared in two patients and urinary excretion of protein was reduced by more than 50% in eight others. Of 13 patients who received melphalan-prednisone for more than 12 mo, 6 improved, 3 were stable, and 4 had progression of disease. Survival did not differ significantly between the groups.
Sex differences in the antithrombotic effects of aspirin
Authors: Kelton JG , Hirsh J , Carter CJ , Buchanan MR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aspirin inhibits platelet function by acetylating platelet cyclooxygenase. Recent clinical trials indicate that aspirin is a promising antithrombotic agent against both venous and arterial thrombosis, but somewhat surprisingly this protective effect appears to be limited to males. To examine the potential sex-related differences in response to aspirin, we developed an animal model for quantitating fibrin accretion into an injury-induced thrombus and used it to study the effects of aspirin on thrombus size in male and female rabbits. Platelet prostaglandin synthesis was estimated by assay of platelet malondialdehyde and was significantly decreased in both male and female rabbits following treatment with 10 mg/kg aspirin (p less than 0.001). This inhibitory effect was not different for platelets from male and female rabbits. Thrombus size was significantly decreased in aspirin- treated male rabbits when compared to controls (p less than 0.05), but this aspirin effect was not apparent in female rabbits or rabbits of either sex treated with 10 mg/kg sodium salicylate. These findings support the results of clinical trials that were obtained by retrospective subgroup analysis. The reason for the sex difference is not known, but the findings raise an important issue in relationship to this mechanism of the antithrombotic effect of aspirin.
Linkage and gene localization of hereditary spherocytosis (HS)
Authors: Kimberling WJ , Taylor RA , Chapman RG , Lubs HA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fifteen kindreds with dominant hereditary spherocytosis (HS) were studied. Expansion of the data from a family with an 8/12 translocation provided further evidence that at least one locus for HS is located near the breakpoint of the translocation. Linkage analysis of all families showed a lack of linkage with all marker loci studied except for Gm (IgG). Linkage between Gm and HS was shown to be significant with a maximum lod score of 3.42 at a recombination fraction of 22%. No heterogeneity of the recombination fraction was observed either between sexes or between families. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that HS is not a heterogeneous disorder.
Effect of C3b inactivator on monocyte-bound C3-coated human erythrocytes
Authors: Schreiber AD , McDermott PB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As a model of IgM-induced hemolytic anemia in man, human erythrocytes were sensitized with IgM antibody and coated with complement components, including C3 and C4, using human serum as a source of complement. These coated red cells were then interacted with monolayers of human mononuclear phagocytic cells (monocytes). Complement-coated red cells so bound could be displaced from their monocyte attachment site in a dose- and time-dependent manner by serum factors, including C3b inactivator (C3bINA). These factors were more efficient in inactivating red cell-bound complement components prior to interaction of the coated cells with monocytes. With large amounts of complement per erythrocyte, measured as membrane-bound C3, the ability of the serum inactivating factor(s) to remove the complement-coated red cells from the monocyte surface was compromised and persistently bound red cells were progressively phagocytosed. These studies implicate C3bINA in the displacement of complement-coated erythrocytes, formed from the interaction of IgM antibody and serum complement, from the hepatic macrophage in IgM-induced immune hemolysis. They suggest that both the concentration of complement components, especially on the erythrocyte surface, and the level of C3bINA and perhaps other inactivators may be important features regulating hemolysis in this disorder.
Expression and specificity of FcIgG receptor sites on neoplastic lymphocytes
Authors: Huber C , Flad HD , Nilsson K , Wigzell H , Michlmayr G , Frischauf H , Braunsteiner H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigated the ability of an FcIgG receptor marker to discriminate between subtypes of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases that differed in their clinical presentations. A quantitative radioimmuno assay was established that enabled us to evaluate average receptor densities on a population basis. Surface receptors were first saturated with IgG complexes. The number of membrane associated IgG molecules was subsequently determined with 125I-staphylococcal protein A. Results obtained with this assay on a battery of malignant lymphocytes suggested that the range of receptor densities of malignant B and T cells might overlap each other but would correlate with the degree of tumor cell differentiation and the clinical stage of the underlying disease. This behavior limits the use of this marker in the characterization of the derivation of malignant lymphocytes; these findings, however, may be useful in the prognostic classification of lymphomas of known origin.
Local development of mast cells from bone marrow-derived precursors in the skin of mice
Authors: Hatanaka K , Kitamura Y , Nishimune Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A mechanism to control development of mast cells was investigated in mice. Although mast cells in the skin of normal C57BL/6 mice were still of host type 290 days after irradiation and injection of bone marrow cells from beige (Chediak-Higashi syndrome, C57BL/6 bgJ/bgJ) mice, donor-type mast cells with giant granules appeared after painting of methylcholanthrene on the dorsal skin. Since donor-type mast cells appeared only at the painted portion of the skin, with an increase in the labeling index of such donor-type mast cells with 3H-thymidine, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived precursors of mast cells seem to be controlled locally. Although the morphologic feature of marrow-derived precursors was not identified, the finding that all fibroblasts cultured from the methylcholanthrene-treated skin were of host type may exclude the possibility that fibroblasts are the precursors of mast cells.
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in baboons, Papio cynocephalus. Analysis of fetal and adult hemoglobin synthesis during fetal development
Authors: De Simone J , Mueller AL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and adult hemoglobin (HbA) synthesis was studied in fetal baboons, Papio cynocephalus, to determine the normal pattern of hemoglobin production during fetal development. Fetuses ranging from 53 to 180 days gestation (term gestation 184 days) were used. Erythroid cells were incubated with 3H-L-leucine, and the rates of globin chain synthesis and the distribution of radioactivity into hemoglobin intermediates and completed hemoglobin molecules were determined. Gamma chain synthesis accounted for approximately 97% of the total nonalpha chain synthesis up to 140 days gestation; beta chain synthesis accounted for the remainder. After 140 days gestation, approximately equal quantities of gamma and beta chain were synthesized in the bone marrow. Prior to 140 days gestation, total alpha chain synthesis was 30% greater than total non-alpha chain synthesis, while there was balanced chain synthesis after 140 days gestation. During the period of excess alpha chain synthesis, fetal erythrocytes contained a large pool of alpha-hemoglobin (alpha chain with heme attached) molecules uncombined with beta or gamma chains. In view of the possibility that alpha chains may have a lower affinity for gamma chains than beta chains, excess alpha chain synthesis may be required to maintain low levels of free gamma chains.
Acquired coagulation inhibitor delaying fibrinopeptide release
Authors: Marciniak E , Greenwood MF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 14-yr-old girl Down syndrome developed a unique type of circulating inhibitor causing a mild bleeding tendency and interfering strongly with coagulation tests, including reptilase time, and with the reaction of purified fibrinogen and thrombin. The concentration of all coagulation factors was normal. The inhibitor had no direct effect on thrombin activity or on the aggregation of fibrin monomer in plasma. Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and neutralization by immune sera revealed that the inhibitor was an immunoglobulin of IgG class with both kappa and lambda determinants. Isolated inhibitor delayed the release of fibrinopeptide A from a normal fibrinogen reacting with thrombin and retarded the onset of visible clotting, but had no effect on the the final degree of clottability. The clinical and laboratory features of this patient resemble those of patients with congenital dysfibrinogenemia associated with abnormal fibrinopeptide release.