bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved phase‐attenuation duality method with space‐frequency joint domain iterative regularization
Authors: Zhou Zhongxing , Zhang Lin , Guo Baikuan , Ma Wenjuan , Zhang Limin , Li Jiao , Zhao Huijuan , Jiang Jingying , Gao Feng 
Published: June 2018

PurposeA common problem of in‐line phase contrast imaging systems based on laboratory source and detector is the negative effects of finite source size, limited spatial resolution, and system noise. These negative effects swamp the fine phase contrast fringes and impede the precise retrieval of phase maps. This study aims to develop a novel phase retrieval method to restore phase information that is lost due to an imperfect system.MethodsAn improved phase‐attenuation duality (PAD) method based on space‐frequency joint domain iterative regularization (JDIR) is proposed to overcome the problems of the analytical PAD method and the spatial‐domain iterative regularization (SDIR) based PAD method. These problems include noise robustness and optical transfer function compensation. The proposed method was compared with the two former PAD methods through computer simulations and experiments for validation.ResultsResults reveal that JDIR method outperforms the other two methods in terms of improving the visibility of structures in the retrieved phase maps. Among all the phase retrieval algorithms, the TV‐norm‐based JDIR method performed the best in considering the contrast and noise performance.ConclusionsThis paper provides a new method to investigate quantitative phase‐contrast imaging when considering the negative effects of an imperfect system.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia has a better prognosis when associated with a hernia sac
Authors: Bouchghoul Hanane , Marty Oriane , Fouquet Virginie , Cordier Anne‐Gaël , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Saada Julien , Mokhtari Mostafa , Le Sache Nolwenn , Martinovic Jelena , Benachi Alexandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate neonatal mortality and morbidity up to 6 months in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with or without a hernia sac.MethodsSeventy‐two cases of isolated CDH were included in a retrospective single‐center study between January 2010 and December 2016. Hernia sac was defined at the time of surgery or at postmortem examination if the neonate died before surgery.ResultsSeventeen newborns (23.6%) had a hernia sac. Survival at 6 months was significantly greater for isolated CDH with a hernia sac: 100% versus 63.6% (P = .003). High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation was used significantly more in the no hernia sac group (P = .04). At surgery, the need for patch repair was significantly lower in the hernia sac group: 12% versus 50% (P = .005). The prenatal observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio was significantly higher in the hernia sac group than in the no hernia sac group: 49.7% versus 38.6% (P < .05).ConclusionThe presence of a hernia sac in CDH is associated with better outcome, especially survival at 6 months. If the presence of a hernia sac is recognized as a particular entity, which carries a good prognosis, it is necessary to be able to diagnose it prenatally, especially in the era of prenatal fetal surgery.
Effects of existential interventions on spiritual, psychological, and physical well‐being in adult patients with cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bauereiß Natalie , Obermaier Stefanie , Özünal Selçuk Erol , Baumeister Harald 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo synthesize the evidence of existential interventions in adult patients with cancer.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and the WHO ICTRP were searched up until 26 January 2018. Eligibility criteria for studies were (1) adult patients with cancer, (2) evaluation of existential interventions, (3) compared with active/non‐active control, (4) assessing relevant spiritual, psychological, or physical outcomes, and (5) conducted as randomized controlled trials. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) were calculated, and meta‐analyses were conducted using random effects models. Effects were aggregated within four time horizons (post‐treatment; ≤3 months; ≤6 months; >6 months). Heterogeneity was assessed by forest plots and I2. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. This review has been registered with Prospero (CRD42016042895).ResultsA total of 3461 records were identified, of which 30 unique studies (3511 participants) were included in the review and 24 studies were included in meta‐analyses. Existential interventions showed significant effects on existential well‐being (g = 0.52; CI[0.13; 0.91; k = 10; I2 = 85%) and quality of life (g = 0.21; CI[0.01; 0.42]; k = 17; I2 = 75%) at post‐treatment, on hope at post‐treatment (g = 0.43; CI[0.12; 0.74]; k = 12; I2 = 86%) and after 6 months (g = 0.25; CI[0.02; 0.48]; k = 3; I2 = 0%) and on self‐efficacy at post‐treatment (g = 0.50; CI[0.09; 0.90]; k = 2; I2 = 0%). No significant effects were found on the remaining outcomes and time points. Significant moderator effects were found for professional background of therapists, intervention concept, number of sessions, and setting.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provides evidence that adult patients with cancer across all stages and types benefit from existential interventions. Future research should strive towards a higher standardization in particular with respect to outcome assessments.
The Effect of Lattice Damage and Annealing Conditions on the Hyperfine Structure of Ion Implanted Bismuth Donors in Silicon
Authors: Peach Tom , Homewood Kevin , Lourenco Manon , Hughes Mark , Saeedi Kaymar , Stavrias Nik , Li Juerong , Chick Steven , Murdin Ben , Clowes Steven 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study reports on high energy bismuth ion implantation into silicon with a particular emphasis on the effect that annealing conditions have on the observed hyperfine structure of the Si:Bi donor state. A suppression of donor bound exciton, D0X, photoluminescence is observed in implanted samples which have been annealed at 700 °C relating to the presence of a dense layer of lattice defects that is formed during the implantation process. Hall measurments at 10 K show that this implant damage manifests itself at low temperatures as an abundance of p‐type charge carriers, the density of which is observed to have a strong dependence on annealing temperature. Using resonant D0X photoconductivity, we are able to identify the presence of a hyperfine structure in samples annealed at a minimum temperature of 800 °C; however, higher temperatures are required to eliminate effects of implantation strain.
Entangled decisions: Knowledge interdependencies and terminations of patented inventions in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Khanna Rajat , Guler Isin , Nerkar Atul 
Published: June 2018

Research Summary: This study explores the role of knowledge interdependencies on the termination of patented inventions. Termination refers to the abandonment of inventive efforts that are no longer deemed promising. We argue that high interdependencies between an inventive effort and the other inventions in the same research program will increase the cognitive burden on managers and decrease the likelihood of termination. Further, in the presence of interdependencies, managers are likely to rely on heuristics for termination decisions. We focus on two such heuristics: interdependencies of an invention with those in other research programs and the level of external competition in the research program. We test our hypotheses with longitudinal data on patent terminations through non‐payment of renewal fees in the pharmaceutical industry.Managerial Summary: Effective management of innovation portfolios requires termination of opportunities that are no longer promising. Most current tools on termination assume that opportunities to be evaluated are independent from one another. This assumption may limit their usefulness in increasingly complex research domains, such as pharmaceutical R&D. In this study, we investigate how interdependencies among inventions influence firms' tendency to terminate those inventions. Our results on patent terminations show that a patent that is more interdependent with other patents in the same research program is less likely to be terminated. This suggests that managers may have difficulty in evaluating the inherent value of interdependent opportunities. This result is stronger when the patent is less interdependent with those in other research programs or in a more competitive area.
An empirical study of software change classification with imbalance data‐handling methods
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Niu Binbin , Whitehead E. James , Sun Zhongbin 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBug prediction in software code changes can help developers to find out and fix bugs immediately when they are introduced, thus to improve the effectiveness and validity of bug fixing. In data mining, this problem can be regarded as a change classification task. However, one of its key characteristics, ie, class‐imbalance, holds back the performance of standard classification methods. In this paper, we consider a quantity of imbalance data‐handling methods and extract a more comprehensive groups of change features, aiming to achieve better change classification performance. Two different types of imbalance data‐handling methods, namely, resampling and ensemble learning methods, are employed. Especially, we explore the performance of their combination. To compare the performance of different imbalance data‐handling methods, an experiment with 10 open source projects is conducted. Four classification methods, including J48, Naïve Bayes, SMO, and Random Forest, are used as standard classifiers and as the base classifiers, respectively. Moreover, contribution of different groups of change features are evaluated. Experimental results show that imbalance data‐handling methods can improve the performance of change classification and the combination methods, which take advantage of both ensemble learning and resampling, perform better than using ensemble learning methods or resampling methods individually. Of the studied imbalance data‐handling methods, the combination of Bagging and random undersampling with J48 as the base classifier yields out better prediction results than those achieved by other methods. Additionally, of the collected change features, text vector features accounts for a larger proportion than others.
Bayesian latent modeling of spatio‐temporal variation in small‐area health data
Authors: Lawson Andrew B. 
Published: June 2018

The analysis of small‐area health data is often a focus of epidemiological research. While it is possible to provide smoothed risk estimates for disease maps, it is often important to consider underlying structure in the risk outcome that is suggested by understanding of the etiology of disease processes. To address this more complex problem, it can be important to consider latent structure in the disease risk. Latent structure can take a variety of forms, from basic random effects to more complex latent variables models. In this paper I will review outline the basic approaches to the problem of latent structure for spatio‐temporal health outcome data and the solutions that Bayesian modeling can offer.This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Climate Change and Numerical Weather Forecasting
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Doublet mechanical analysis of bending of Euler‐Bernoulli and Timoshenko nanobeams
Authors: Ebrahimian M.R. , Imam A. , Najafi M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBy taking the effect of the scale parameter explicitly into account, bending behavior of Euler‐Bernoulli and Timoshenko nanobeams is studied using doublet mechanics. In addition, the effect of chirality on the softening or hardening behavior of an Euler‐Bernoulli nanobeam in bending is studied by taking the effect of the chiral angle explicitly into account. For the bending of the Timoshenko nanobeam the effect of the scale parameter and chirality on the axial and shear stresses is studied and the results are compared with the gradient and Eringen‐like models. It is shown that as the chiral angle increases, a simply supported Timoshenko nanobeam under a uniform loading changes from a softening to a hardening nanobeam indicating that chirality has a pronounced effect on the bending response of the nanobeams.
Who are the Traffickers? A Cultural Criminological Analysis of Traffickers as Represented in the Al Jazeera Documentary Series Modern Slavery: A Twenty-first Century Evil
Authors: Dearey Melissa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to analyse and interrogate the identities of ‘traffickers’ as represented within a series of television documentaries on modern slavery. The chapter data set is a series of seven 25-minute documentaries entitled Modern Slavery: A Twenty-first Century Evil (2011) produced by Al Jazeera. Sections on trafficker identities and the usage of the term ‘trafficker’ within the different typologies represented in the documentary series are shown, that is, bridal, charcoal, prison, sex, food, child, bonded slavery/trafficking. These are represented within a complex geocultural televisual gaze (Al Jazeera English) upon the global north/west as ultimately the source of the slavery problem.
Operative Stabilization of Chest Wall Trauma: Single‐Center Report of Initial Management and Long‐Term Outcome
Authors: Michelitsch Christian , Acklin Yves Pascal , Hässig Gabriela , Sommer Christoph , Furrer Markus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundConservative treatment of even severe thoracic trauma including flail chest was traditionally the standard of care. Recently, we reported possible benefits of surgical chest wall stabilization in accordance with other groups. The aim of this study was to critically review our indications and results of internal fixation of rib fractures in the long‐term course.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of a consecutive series of patients with internal rib fracture fixation at our institution from 8/2009 until 12/2014, and we retrospectively studied the late outcome through clinical examination or personal interview.ResultsFrom 1398 patients, 235 sustained a severe thoracic trauma (AIS ≥3). In 23 of these patients, 88 internal rib fixations were performed using the MatrixRIB® system. The median age of these operated patients was 56 years [interquartile range (IQR) 49–63] with a median ISS of 21 [IQR 16–29]. From 18 local resident patients, follow‐up was obtained after an average time period of 27.6 (12–68) months. Most of these patients were free of pain and had no limitations in their daily routine. Out of all implants, 5 splint tips perforated the ribs in the postoperative course, but all patients remained clinically asymptomatic. Plate osteosynthesis showed no loss of reduction in the postoperative course. No cases of hardware prominence, wound infection or non‐union occurred.ConclusionsIn our carefully selected thoracic trauma patients, locked plate rib fixation seemed to be safe and beneficial not only in the early posttraumatic course, but also after months and years, patients remain asymptomatic and complete recovery as a rule.Trial registration number KEK BASEC Nr. 2016‐01679.
Development of Single-Crystal Ni-Base Superalloys Based on Multi-criteria Numerical Optimization and Efficient Use of Refractory Elements
Authors: Markl M. , Müller A. , Ritter N. , Hofmeister M. , Naujoks D. , Schaar H. , Abrahams K. , Frenzel J. , Subramanyam A. P. A. , Ludwig A. , Pfetzing-Micklich J. , Hammerschmidt T. , Drautz R. , Steinbach I. , Rettig R. , Singer R. F. , Körner C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The development of new Ni-base superalloys with a complex composition consisting of eight or more alloying elements is a challenging task. The experimental state-of-the-art development cycle is based on the adaption of already existing compositions. Although new alloy compositions with potentially improved material properties are expected to be similar to already known superalloys, this procedure impedes efficiently finding these compositions in the large multi-dimensional design-space of all alloying elements. Modern alloy development combines numerical optimization methods with experimental validation to guide the development towards promising compositions. In this work, an improved numerical multi-criteria optimization tool using CALPHAD calculations and semi-empirical models for alloy development is presented. The model improvements to its predecessor are described and the successful application for the development of rhenium-free single-crystal Ni-base superalloys ERBO/13 and ERBO/15 is revisited. The optimization tool is described and the designed alloys are discussed regarding phase stability. Finally, a possible phase stability model extending the optimization tool and improving the alloy composition predictions is presented.
p47phox-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Stimulate Nuclear Translocation of the FoxO1 Transcription Factor During Metabolic Inhibition in Cardiomyoblasts
Authors: ter Horst Ellis N. , Hahn Nynke E. , Geerts Dirk , Musters René J. P. , Paulus Walter J. , van Rossum Albert C. , Meischl Christof , Piek Jan J. , Niessen Hans W. M. , Krijnen Paul A. J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) control forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor activity by influencing their nuclear translocation. However, knowledge of the ROS cellular source(s) involved herein remains scarce. Recently, we have shown p47phox-dependent activation of ROS-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX) at the nuclear pore in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts in response to ischemia. This localizes NOX perfectly to affect protein nuclear translocation, including that of transcription factors. In the current study, involvement of p47phox-dependent production of ROS in the nuclear translocation of FOXO1 was analyzed in H9c2 cells following 4 h of metabolic inhibition (MI), which mimics the effects of ischemia. Nuclear translocation of FOXO1 was determined by quantitative digital-imaging fluorescence and western blot analysis. Subsequently, the effect of inhibiting p47phox-dependent ROS production by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection on FOXO1 translocation was analyzed by digital-imaging microscopy. MI induced a significant translocation of FOXO1 into the nucleus. Transfection with p47phox-shRNA successfully knocked-down p47phox expression, reduced nuclear nitrotyrosine production, an indirect marker for ROS production, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of FOXO1 following MI. With these results, we show for the first time that nuclear import of FOXO1 induced by MI in H9c2 depends critically on p47phox-mediated ROS production.
Identification of the Incapacitated Patient in Mass Casualty Events: An Exploration of Challenges, Solutions, and Barriers
Authors: Osborn Danielle , Easthope Lucy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIncreasing scrutiny of the role and actions of emergency responders in the aftermath of mass casualty events has led to improvements and advances in terms of treatment and care. However, despite these improvements, the authors have identified a growing concern relating to the identification of incapacitated patients and those unable to provide any identifying details, such as pediatric patients. The use of visual identification and the reliance on personal effects within the vicinity of a victim, either living or deceased, has resulted in mistaken identification in a number of major international incidents. The purpose of this article is to consider whether commonly used scientific methods for identification of the deceased could and should be broadened to include victims who are incapacitated and unable to confirm their own identity. The medicolegal questions that may arise when applying identification methods established for deceased patients to the living casualty will also be examined. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:338–344)
Functional Brain Alterations Associated With Cognitive Control in Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sullivan Danielle R. , Hayes Jasmeet P. , Lafleche Ginette , Salat David H. , Verfaellie Mieke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectives: Research on the cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suggests that, despite generally rapid recovery, difficulties may persist in the domain of cognitive control. The goal of this study was to examine whether individuals with chronic blast-related mTBI show behavioral or neural alterations associated with cognitive control. Methods: We collected event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during a flanker task in 17 individuals with blast-related mTBI and 16 individuals with blast-exposure without TBI (control). Results: Groups did not significantly differ in behavioral measures of cognitive control. Relative to the control group, the mTBI group showed greater deactivation of regions associated with the default mode network during the processing of errors. Additionally, error processing in the mTBI group was associated with enhanced negative coupling between the default mode network and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, regions of the salience and central executive networks that are associated with cognitive control. Conclusions: These results suggest that deactivation of default mode network regions and associated enhancements of connectivity with cognitive control regions may act as a compensatory mechanism for successful cognitive control task performance in mTBI. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–11)
Making Content Available to Law Students Through a Virtual Learning Environment: Fountains of Knowledge or a Drop in the Ocean?
Authors: Edwards-Waller Lizz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVirtual learning environments (VLEs) are successfully used by many institutions to provide content which supports and enhances taught courses. In this article, Lizz Edwards-Waller explores the role of the library in uploading articles, case notes and book excerpts to a VLE for law students, and discusses the need for librarians to collaborate with course leaders and administrators. The article also considers the decision-making process involved in determining which resources to make available and highlights some key copyright issues to be aware of.
The Law Collections at the Library of Trinity College Dublin
Authors: McDonald Terry 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article Terry McDonald provides an introduction to the Library of Trinity College Dublin (TCD) with particular emphasis on the legal resources available to students and visiting readers. She outlines the history and the current nature of the library and the University's School of Law before turn attention to the law collections, the legal deposit status, the role of library and its law subject specialists, particularly in the context of supporting the teaching objectives of the Law School.