bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life of Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Cross-sectional Study from Sagar, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Das Abhijit , Mishra Shraddha , Gupta Amarnath , Singh Sandhya , Dwivedi Shatkratu 
Published: December 2024

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM), a high-risk group for HIV/AIDS, face various health issues. However, research is scarce on MSM in India, and available studies generally focus on the mental health of HIV-infected MSM rather than their overall health. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL) among MSM. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was done in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, involving 100 MSM individuals. Participants were recruited from a non-governmental organization that works toward the welfare of MSM individuals. Socio-demographic data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, while QOL was measured using the Hindi version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Quantitative variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation, and qualitative variables were summarized using frequency and percentage. The differences between mean QOL scores were analyzed using t-test/analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between domains. Results: Most participants were 21-40 years of age, with a mean age of 34.8 (±8.1) years. Most participants resided in urban areas and identified as Hindu (92%). The scores of WHOQOL-BREF ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better QOL. The mean scores for general QOL and general health among participants were 42 ± 20.4 and 67.5 ± 24.7, respectively. Among the four domains of WHOQOL-BREF, social relationship domain had the highest mean QOL score (72.7 ± 11.5), while the psychological domain exhibited the lowest score (57.2 ± 11.7). The mean scores for the physical and environmental domains were 70.9 ± 8.7 and 59.6 ± 10.7, respectively. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of addressing various health aspects beyond HIV/AIDS in this population to improve their overall well-being and life satisfaction.
Contextualizing attitudes toward medical aid in dying in a national sample of interdisciplinary US hospice clinicians: hospice philosophy of care, patient-centered care, and professional exposure
Authors: Becker Todd D. , Cagle John G. , Cain Cindy L. , Davitt Joan K. , Kusmaul Nancy , Sacco Paul 
Published: December 2024

Background: Despite extensive theoretical debate, empirical research on medical aid in dying (MAID) largely has disregarded broader, contextual factors as potential correlates of attitudes in hospice clinicians. Objective: Informed by institutional theory and neofunctional attitude theory, the objective of the current study was to quantitatively examine hospice clinicians’ attitudes toward MAID as functions of institutional characteristics relating to (Aim 1) individual adherence to hospice values and (Aim 2) state law. Design: We used a cross-sectional design. Methods: A national convenience sample of interdisciplinary hospice clinicians recruited through US professional membership associations self-administered an online survey. Measures included attitudes toward MAID, attitudes toward the hospice philosophy of care, attitudes toward the principle that hospice care should not hasten death, orientation toward patient-centeredness, professional exposure to working in a state where MAID is legal, and demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed via a partial proportional odds model. Results: The sample ( N = 450) comprised hospice physicians (227 [50.4%]), nurses (64 [14.2%]), social workers (74 [16.4%]), and 85 chaplains (85 [18.9%]). Results of the partial proportional odds model indicated that professional exposure to working in a state where MAID is legal was significantly associated with over twice the cumulative odds of MAID support. Although neither orientation toward patient-centered care nor attitudes toward the hospice philosophy of care was significantly associated with attitudes toward MAID, results showed that disagreement with the narrower principle that hospice care should not hasten death was significantly associated with 6-to-7 times the cumulative odds of MAID support. Conclusion: Findings suggest that contextual factors—namely, the environments in which hospice clinicians practice—may shape attitudes toward MAID. Unanticipated results indicating that hospice professionals’ adherence to hospice values was not significantly associated with attitudes toward MAID underscore the need for further research on these complex associations, given previous theoretical and empirical support.
News Media Imaginaries of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Qualitative Analysis Across China, Germany, and the United States
Authors: Brause Saba Rebecca , Yang Heng , Schäfer Mike S. , Zeng Jing 
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted much public interest, inspiring both hopes and fears. As countries define pathways for developing and implementing AI, healthcare is emerging as a priority sector. Sociotechnical imaginaries, which can mobilize public support and attract resources for realising sociotechnical visions, play an important role in the trajectories of emerging technologies. News media, in turn, are central to the negotiation, construction, and promotion of such imaginaries. We analyze how news media construct sociotechnical imaginaries of AI in healthcare in China, Germany, and the United States (US), three countries with differing healthcare and media systems, and sociopolitical and -cultural outlook on technologies. Drawing from a thematic analysis of articles from 15 newspapers, we find two powerful, cross-national, collectively held imaginaries: The first imaginary on enhancing healthcare with AI emerged across all three countries; the second imaginary on using AI to manage pandemics or epidemics was only fully developed in Chinese and US coverage, though present as an outlier in German news coverage. Lower-level divergences within each imaginary can be explained by systemic differences between the countries, such as the largely private US healthcare system, the mostly state-controlled Chinese media and healthcare systems, and the German hesitancy toward emerging technologies. This study provides evidence for how powerful imaginaries can emerge across very different sociopolitical and cultural contexts while accounting for contextual national factors.
Women’s Perspectives on Post-partum Family Planning in Banyumas, Indonesia
Authors: Frans Sandra Olivia , Cintyamena Utsamani , Listyadewi Shita , Utomo Ariane 
Published: December 2024

Background: A recent programmatic shift in the provision of family planning in the Global South led to a renewed focus on post-partum family planning (PPFP). PPFP embodies a shift in the primary narrative of global family planning programs, from fertility reduction to promoting maternal and child well-being. Purpose: We examine key factors that shape women’s knowledge, attitudes and practice of PPFP in Banyumas, Indonesia. Methodology: We employed a qualitative approach utilizing focus group discussions with pregnant women and women with children aged less than 1 year old ( n = 44), and in-depth interviews with health service providers ( n = 10). Guided by the research questions, we conducted a thematic analysis of the transcripts. Results: Our findings demonstrate how women’s agency within marriage, their social and familial networks, their interactions with healthcare providers, and policy changes related to reproductive health and health insurance schemes, all influence the extent to which women’s rights to information and choice regarding post-partum family planning can be realized. Conclusions: Key implications for practice include the necessity for health providers to offer unbiased information about contraceptive options, to engage local leadership effectively, and to ensure that government targets for the PPFP program align with women’s needs and the health and social conditions of the community.
Anti-CD19 antibody cotreatment enhances serial killing activity of anti-CD19 CAR-T/-NK cells and reduces trogocytosis
Authors: Koh Seung Kwon , Kim Hyojin , Han Bohwa , Jo Hantae , Doh Junsang , Park Jeehun , Nguyen Minh Ha , Kim Hyun-Young , Kim Haneul , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Chan Hyuk , Cho Duck 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–engineered T and natural killer (NK) cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but challenges including CD19 antigen loss greatly hinder their full therapeutic potential. Here, we revealed that cotreatment with anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody enhances antitumor activity of anti-CD19 CAR-T and -NK cells. Even though the treated antibody interferes with CD19 antigen binding of CAR, it significantly induces rapid detachment of anti-CD19 CAR effector cells from target cells, facilitating improved serial killing. This reduced interaction between CAR effector cells and target cells also leads to the alleviation of CAR-mediated trogocytosis. Interestingly, cotreatment with anti-CD19 antibody reveals time-dependent effects on the antitumor activity of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells, characterized by a reduction in early T cell activation followed by sustained high activity during prolonged exposure to target cells. This temporal modulation ultimately results in enhanced antitumor potency in vivo. These findings underscore the improved therapeutic efficacy achieved by combining anti-CD19 antibody with anti-CD19 CAR-T or -NK cells against B-cell malignancies.
Effects of Exercise and a Lifestyle App on Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Physical Health, and quality of Life
Authors: Fridgeirsdottir Katrin Y. , Murphy Conor J. , Islind Anna Sigridur , Árnadóttir Birta S. , Hrubos-Strøm Harald , Arnardottir Erna S. , Saavedra Jose M. 
Published: December 2024

Background. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a growing public health problem, and non-invasive treatments may be a valid option. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the effects of a 12-week exercise program and a lifestyle app on SDB severity, physical health (anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 18–50 years old adults with mild-to-moderate SDB.Methods. One-hundred-ninety-two participants (age 37.4±6.3years, BMI 33.3±4.2kg·m−2, 52.6% males) with mild-to-moderate SDB (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5<30.0, objective snore ≥10%) were randomized into: Exercise (three times/week, 60 min), app, and control groups. The assessments included a three-night self-applied polysomnography, anthropometryt, body composition, physical fitness, and HRQoL. Repeated ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the changes.Results. Time effect was observed in AHI (F=6.290, p=0.014), neck circumference (F=5.253, p=0.024), hand dynamometry (F=7.102, p=0.009), and 6-minute walking test (F=8.340, p=0.005). Group x time interactions were observed in weight (F=9.318, p=<0.001), BMI (F=9.302, p=<0.001), body fat percentage (F=4.756, p=0.01), body fat mass (F=5.916, p=0.004), and skeletal muscle mass (F=9.380, p=<0.001). Intragroup changes were observed in physical functioning, vitality, and general health in both the exercise and app groups, in addition to role limitations due to physical health in the exercise group.Conclusions. The 12-week exercise program reduced AHI and increased skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness, and HRQoL in four domains. The lifestyle app program reduced weight, BMI, neck circumference, body fat, visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle mass while increased three HRQoL domains in participants with mild-to-moderate SDB.
Human-in-the-loop active learning for goal-oriented molecule generation
Authors: Nahal Yasmine , Menke Janosch , Martinelli Julien , Heinonen Markus , Kabeshov Mikhail , Janet Jon Paul , Nittinger Eva , Engkvist Ola , Kaski Samuel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) systems have enabled the modelling of quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) and structure-activity relationships (QSAR) using existing experimental data to predict target properties for new molecules. These property predictors hold significant potential in accelerating drug discovery by guiding generative artificial intelligence (AI) agents to explore desired chemical spaces. However, they often struggle to generalize due to the limited scope of the training data. When optimized by generative agents, this limitation can result in the generation of molecules with artificially high predicted probabilities of satisfying target properties, which subsequently fail experimental validation. To address this challenge, we propose an adaptive approach that integrates active learning (AL) and iterative feedback to refine property predictors, thereby improving the outcomes of their optimization by generative AI agents. Our method leverages the Expected Predictive Information Gain (EPIG) criterion to select additional molecules for evaluation by an oracle. This process aims to provide the greatest reduction in predictive uncertainty, enabling more accurate model evaluations of subsequently generated molecules. Recognizing the impracticality of immediate wet-lab or physics-based experiments due to time and logistical constraints, we propose leveraging human experts for their cost-effectiveness and domain knowledge to effectively augment property predictors, bridging gaps in the limited training data. Empirical evaluations through both simulated and real human-in-the-loop experiments demonstrate that our approach refines property predictors to better align with oracle assessments. Additionally, we observe improved accuracy of predicted properties as well as improved drug-likeness among the top-ranking generated molecules.

Scientific contribution
We present an adaptable framework that integrates AL and human expertise to refine property predictors for goal-oriented molecule generation. This approach is robust to noise in human feedback and ensures that navigating chemical space with human-refined predictors leverages human insights to identify molecules that not only satisfy predicted property profiles but also score highly on oracle models. Additionally, it prioritizes practical characteristics such as drug-likeness, synthetic accessibility, and a favorable balance between exploring diverse chemical space and exploiting similarity to existing training data.
Intersecting dimensions: advanced analytical approach to school climate and injury prevention in health policy
Authors: Khalemsky Anna , Jaffe Eli , Khalemsky Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Child safety in schools is paramount for decision-makers globally, with a focus on ensuring children return home safely. However, the prevalent issue of injuries across educational systems demands a comprehensive investigation into their causes, incorporating interdisciplinary perspectives and social dynamics, to develop effective prevention strategies. The objective of this study is to comprehensively analyze the factors contributing to school-related injuries and examine the impact of school climate on student safety. By employing advanced data analysis techniques, the research aims to develop targeted, effective strategies to enhance child safety in educational settings. This research aims to develop a multidimensional taxonomy to understand child injuries in elementary schools better, enhancing precision in decision-making.

Methods
Data from 363 Israeli primary schools and 10,855 school injuries attended to by MDA, the principal EMS provider, were analyzed. The study utilized a two-level taxonomy, employing clustering methodology to classify schools into distinct climate "patterns," with each pattern further delineating school injury characteristics into sub-patterns. The chosen method proved effective in revealing nuanced relationships between school injuries and climate characteristics.

Results
Analysis revealed five school climate clusters, ranging from "good" to "bad," each exhibiting two homogeneous sub-clusters of school injuries. Schools with a "positive" climate witnessed boys predominantly experiencing head injuries during breaks, while girls often sustained limb injuries from playing in corridors. Conversely, within the "negative" climate cluster, subgroups emerged based on injury nature, whether linked to playing or falling from a height.

Conclusion
The research delineates a nuanced association between school climate and injury rates, emphasizing the necessity for sophisticated analytical techniques beyond conventional methodologies. Utilizing a diverse dataset from various disciplines, the study highlights the multidimensional aspects of school health. The developed taxonomy reveals the complex dynamics within school environments, advocating for customized health policies to mitigate injuries. Critical findings prompt a reevaluation of established assumptions about the school climate-injury relationship, informing strategic policymaking. For example, it suggests collaboration to enhance school safety through targeted, gender-sensitive interventions and improvements. Integrating different data sources offers a holistic understanding crucial for effective health policy formulation in educational contexts.
Tuft cells promote human intestinal epithelium regeneration as reserve stem cells after irradiation
Authors: Li Yehua , Zhang Mengxian , Ma Xianrun , Chen Ye-Guang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntestinal epithelium regeneration is crucial for homeostatic maintenance of the intestinal functions. A recent study published in Nature uncovers tuft cells as an unexpected key player in the regenerative process. Human tuft cells, traditionally recognized for their involvement in immune defense and pathogen protection, were found to exhibit stem cell-like properties following radiation-induced injury. These cells not only resist damage but also have the ability to generate functional stem cells, promoting the repair of the intestinal epithelium. This finding suggests that tuft cells may function as a reserve pool of stem cells, essential for efficient intestinal regeneration after injury.
Duskward displacement of plasmoids and reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail
Authors: Ieda Akimasa , Miyashita Yukinaga 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail is responsible for explosive release of energy during substorms and auroral breakups. This near-tail reconnection was previously assumed to occur around the midnight meridian, where earthward flows were typically observed. Based on observations of tailward-moving plasmoids, the Geotail spacecraft mission discovered that the reconnection location was displaced toward dusk. This dusk preference is presumably caused by the Hall electric field, as was suggested later in simulations. However, recent spacecraft observations have indicated that the reconnection was displaced toward dawn, and not dusk, in Mercury’s magnetotail. In response to this controversy, our study aims to clarify the dawn–dusk location of fast plasma flows in the near-Earth magnetotail. Through a comprehensive reinterpretation and integration of previous statistical results, we found that the dusk preference is generally evident for tailward flows but is often absent for earthward flows. These results indicate that the statistical results of earthward flows are sensitive to event selection criteria. We conclude that the dawn–dusk location of earthward flow is statistically unclear at the time of substorm onset. Similarly, in the magnetotail of other planets, the dawn–dusk location of planetward flow may be sensitive to event selection criteria. Hence, reconnection may occur predominantly on the duskside in Mercury’s magnetotail. This hypothesis will be tested using observations of tailward-moving plasmoids by the BepiColombo Mio spacecraft, which will begin orbital observations of Mercury in the year 2026.
Graphical Abstract
The LimPa mission: a small mission proposal to characterize the enigmatic lunar dust exosphere
Authors: Futaana Yoshifumi , Kallio Esa , Knuuttila Olli , Nyman Leo , Shimoyama Manabu , Barabash Stas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe lunar environment is known to be characterized by complex interactions between plasma, the exosphere, dust, and the surface. However, our understanding of the environment is limited due to the lack of experimental evidence. Here, we propose a small, low-cost mission to characterize the dust and exosphere environment of the Moon. Named the Limb Pathfinder (LimPa), this is a proof-of-concept mission aimed toward understanding the coupling between plasma, dust, and tenuous neutral atmosphere. The LimPa mission was proposed to a call for the Small Mission to the Moon issued by European Space Agency in 2023. LimPa is designed to examine the dust exosphere above the lunar polar regions by using an utterly novel remote-sensing technique to measure the solar wind hydrogen atoms—the solar wind protons that are neutralized to hydrogen atoms. Its goals are (1) to detect for the first time the neutralized solar wind hydrogen produced by exospheric gas and levitated dust; (2) to measure the height profiles of the levitated dust and exospheric gas densities; and (3) to determine the emission mechanism of the horizon glow. Our baseline design of the LimPa mission is a 12U CubeSat. Three highly matured instruments are used: an energetic neutral atom camera, a proton sensor, and a camera system. The LimPa CubeSat is proposed to be inserted into a circular lunar polar orbit, with an altitude of 100 km as a baseline. The Sun-pointing attitude will allow measurements of neutralized solar wind that are produced by the exosphere and dust grains above the polar regions. The nominal lifetime is for 3 months as a pathfinder mission. The LimPa mission will open a new window to remote characterization of the lunar dust exosphere environment above the poles, and will demonstrate that this monitoring can be achieved with a simple and low-cost instrument system and spacecraft operation. The concept to be proven by the LimPa mission will enable long-term monitoring of the fragile dust exosphere environment, which substantially impacts on lunar exploration and will be significantly altered by human activities.
Graphical abstract
How to minimize mechanical power during controlled mechanical ventilation
Authors: Fabry Ben 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh intrapulmonary pressures, large tidal volumes, and elevated respiratory rates during controlled mechanical ventilation can lead to barotrauma, volutrauma, and atelectrauma. Mechanical power—defined as the product of the pressure–volume integral and respiratory rate—consolidates these three risk factors into a single, intuitive parameter. Several studies have demonstrated that higher mechanical power correlates with an increased risk of lung injury and mortality, prompting the suggestion that mechanical power should be minimized. However, under the constraint of maintaining a fixed alveolar minute ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), it remains unclear how to adjust respiratory rate and tidal volume to minimize mechanical power. This study provides an analytical solution to this optimization problem. Accordingly, only the elastic component of mechanical power should be targeted for minimization. Regardless of lung elastance or resistance, or the mode and settings of the ventilator, the elastic power is minimized at a tidal volume equal to twice the anatomic dead space, or approximately 4.4 ml/kg of body weight.