bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential roles of miR‐335‐5p on pathogenesis of experimental periodontitis
Authors: Lian Junxiang , Wu Xingwen , Liu Yao , Qiu Wei , Zhu Xiaofang , Wang Xiaoxuan , Meng Shu , Valverde Paloma , Steffensen Bjorn , Tu Qisheng , Pan Jian , Chen Jake 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeriodontitis is a prevalent oral disease responsible for tooth loss. MicroRNAs have been proven crucial in bone disorders over the past decades. Promotive effect on osteogenic activities by microRNA‐335‐5p (miR‐335‐5p) has been well demonstrated, but its role involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains elusive. In this study, we established experimental periodontitis (EP) on transgenic mice overexpressing miR‐335‐5p (335‐Tg) to investigate the novel effects of miR‐335‐5p on periodontal inflammation and bone loss.MethodsExperimental periodontitis was established via ligation. The expression of inflammatory and osteoclastic genes was examined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Morphology of alveolar bone was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were conducted for histological analysis.ResultsThe expression of miR‐335‐5p decreased significantly in the periodontal tissues of EP. Compared to the WT‐EP group, μCT analysis showed less bone loss in the 335‐Tg‐EP group accompanying with a decreased number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts. H&E and IHC staining exhibited attenuated inflammation and TLR4 expression in the 335‐Tg‐EP group. Furthermore, reduced expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and TLR4 were also detected in the 335‐Tg‐EP group. Overexpression of miR‐335‐5p in vivo weakened the periodontal bone destruction and inflammation compared with the WT‐EP group.ConclusionsOur data exhibit novel roles of miR‐335‐5p in preventing bone loss and inflammation in experimental periodontitis.
Variation in hybrid gene expression: Implications for the evolution of genetic incompatibilities in interbreeding species
Authors: Seidl Fabian , Levis Nicholas A. , Jones Corbin D. , Monroy‐Eklund Anaïs , Ehrenreich Ian M. , Pfennig Karin S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterbreeding species often produce low‐fitness hybrids due to genetic incompatibilities between parental genomes. Whether these incompatibilities reflect fixed allelic differences between hybridizing species, or, alternatively, standing variants that segregate within them, remains unknown for many natural systems. Yet, evaluating these alternatives is important for understanding the origins and nature of species boundaries. We examined these alternatives using spadefoot toads (genusSpea), which naturally hybridize. Specifically, we contrasted patterns of gene expression in hybrids relative to pure‐species types in experimentally produced tadpoles from allopatric parents versus those from sympatric parents. We evaluated the prediction that segregating variation should result in gene expression differences between hybrids derived from sympatric parents versus hybrids derived from allopatric parents, and found that 24% of the transcriptome showed such differences. Our results further suggest that gene expression in hybrids has evolved in sympatry owing to evolutionary pressures associated with ongoing hybridization. Although we did not measure hybrid incompatibilities directly, we discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the nature of hybrid incompatibilities, how they might vary across populations over time, and the resulting effects on the evolutionary maintenance ‐ or breakdown ‐ of reproductive barriers between species.
Elements in the λ immunity region regulate phage development: beyond the ‘Genetic Switch’
Authors: Thomason Lynn C. , Morrill Kathleen , Murray Gillian , Court Carolyn , Shafer Brenda , Schneider Thomas D. , Court Donald L. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryGenetic elements in the bacteriophage λ immunity region contribute to stable maintenance and synchronous induction of the integrated Escherichia coli prophage. There is a bistable switch between lysogenic and lytic growth that is orchestrated by the CI and Cro repressors acting on the lytic (PL and PR) and lysogenic (PRM) promoters, referred to as the Genetic Switch. Other less well‐characterized elements in the phage immunity region include the PLIT promoter and the immunity terminator, TIMM. The PLIT promoter is repressed by the bacterial LexA protein in λ lysogens. LexA repressor, like the λ CI repressor, is inactivated during the SOS response to DNA damage, and this regulation ensures that the PLIT promoter and the lytic PL and PR promoters are synchronously activated. Proper RexA and RexB protein levels are critical for the switch from lysogeny to lytic growth. Mutation of PLIT reduces RexB levels relative to RexA, compromising cellular energetics and causing a 10‐fold reduction in lytic phage yield. The RexA and RexB proteins interact with themselves and each other in a bacterial two‐hybrid system. We also find that the transcription terminator, TIMM, is a Rho‐independent, intrinsic terminator. Inactivation of TIMM has minimal effect on λ lysogenization or prophage induction.
Influence of T2DM and prediabetes on blood DC subsets and function in subjects with periodontitis
Authors: Rabelo Mariana de Sousa , El‐Awady Ahmed , Moura Foz Adriana , Hisse Gomes Giovane , Rajendran Mythilpriya , Meghil Mohamed M. , Lowry Scott , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Cutler Christopher W. , Susin Cristiano 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the myeloid and plasmacytoid DC counts and maturation status among subjects with/without generalized periodontitis (GP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe frequency and maturation status of myeloid and plasmacytoid blood DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry in four groups of 15 subjects: healthy controls, T2DM with generalized CP (T2DM + GP), prediabetes with GP (PD + GP), and normoglycemics with GP (NG + GP). RT‐PCR was used to determine levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the oral biofilms and within panDCs. The role of exogenous glucose effects on differentiation and apoptosis of healthy human MoDCs was explored in vitro.ResultsRelative to controls and to NG + GP, T2DM + GP showed significantly lower CD1c + and CD303 + DC counts, while CD141 + DCs were lower in T2DM + GP relative to controls. Blood DC maturation required for mobilization and immune responsiveness was not observed. A statistically significant trend was observed for P. gingivalis levels in the biofilms of groups as follows: controls <NG+GP < PD+GP < T2DM+GP. Moreover, significantly higher P. gingivalis levels were observed in blood DCs of NG + GP than controls, whereas no differences were observed between controls and PD + GP/T2DM + GP. In vitro differentiation of MoDCs was significantly decreased, and apoptosis was increased by physiologically relevant glucose levels.ConclusionType 2 diabetes mellitus appears to inhibit important DC immune homeostatic functions, including expansion and bacterial scavenging, which might be mediated by hyperglycemia.
Nitric Oxide‐Mediated Resistance to Antitumor Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Girotti Albert W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs an antitumor modality based on sensitizer photoexcitation by tumor‐directed light, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the advantage of being site‐specific compared with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Like these other therapies, however, PDT is often limited by pre‐existing or acquired resistance. One type of resistance, discovered in the author’s laboratory, involves nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in tumor cells. Using human breast, prostate and brain cancer cell lines, we have shown that iNOS is dramatically upregulated after a moderate PDT challenge sensitized by 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced protoporphyrin IX. The elevated NO not only elicited a greater resistance to cell photokilling, but also an increase in the growth and migration/invasion rate of surviving cells. Greater iNOS/NO‐based resistance was also demonstrated at the in vivo level using a breast tumor xenograft model. More recent studies have shown that NO from PDT‐targeted cells can stimulate a progrowth/promigration response in non‐targeted bystander cells. These novel effects of NO, their negative impact on PDT efficacy and possible mitigation thereof by anti‐iNOS/NO pharmacologic agents will be discussed.
Longitudinal patterns of anger reactivity and risk‐taking: The role of peer‐context
Authors: Nozadi Sara S. , Henderson Heather A. , Degnan Kathryn A. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe current study examined the interplay between children's dispositional anger and susceptibility to peers' influence in increasing children's risk‐taking behaviors. Participants in the current study were children from a larger study of temperament and social–emotional development who were followed across 9, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Dispositional anger was measured using mothers' reports across 9 and 48 months. At 60 months, children played a risk‐taking computer game in presence of an unfamiliar peer who watched the child play. The child's risk‐taking was assessed during the game as the unfamiliar peers' reactions were coded based on comments that were peer directed, reflective of praising the target child's performance, or object directed, indicative of excitement toward the game. A latent profile analysis revealed three longitudinal anger profiles across infancy to early childhood: high stable, average stable, and low stable anger. Results suggested that as peers' object‐directed comments predicted risk‐taking independent of children's anger, the association between peer‐directed comments and risk‐taking was dependent on children's dispositional anger. Specifically, when peers praised the target child's performance, children in the high stable anger profile showed increased risk‐taking propensity. Findings are discussed based on the importance of considering both temperamental characteristics and aspects of the peer context in relation to children's risk‐taking.
Surface Evaluation of Living Skin (SELS) parameter correlation analysis using data taken from astronauts working under extreme conditions of microgravity
Authors: Theek Carmen , Tronnier Hagen , Heinrich Ulrike , Braun Nicole 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn space, due to fluid shift a 45% decrease in the skin topography parameter volume (mm3) was seen using the VisioScan® camera. Simultaneously, the parameters roughness, scaling and wrinkles changed dramatically as well.Thus, the present study has the objective to understand the relationship between the SELS parameters under extreme conditions and their application by addressing scientific‐dermatological questions.Material and MethodsSELS measurements were performed on the volar forearms of six astronauts. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between the variables.ResultsA significant correlation was found between the skin topography parameter volume and the skin parameters roughness, scaling and wrinkles. A closer look at each astronaut revealed a significant correlation for all astronauts for the parameters volume and roughness and for more than 65% of the astronauts for the parameters volume and scaling and volume and wrinkles. However, no correlation could be found between the parameters skin hydration and roughness and scaling, respectively.ConclusionOnly the parameter skin volume leads to meaningful data under microgravity. Physiological changes observed by fluid shift are comparable to the skin condition edema on earth. Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that the formulas for the SELS parameters roughness, scaling and wrinkles for this special skin condition need to be reviewed.
A simple morphometric analysis method for dermal microstructure using color thresholding and moments
Authors: Hong Ji Hyuck , Kim Dai Hyun , Rhyu Im Joo , Kye Young Chul , Ahn Hyo Hyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundProper assessment of dermal collagen fibers by dermatologists and researchers is essential. Histologic evaluation methods have limitations. We present a simple method for measurement of collagen fibers in human skin using Masson's trichrome staining.Materials and MethodsNormal skin specimens from a cadaver were processed with Masson's trichrome, which can effectively stain collagen fibers blue with aniline dye. Optical photomicrographs of these slides were analyzed using ImageJ software. Color image processing, a histogram‐based function of ImageJ for image segmentation, was performed with color moments thresholding technique. We selected blue areas by adjusting the blue channel to include specific values. The selected areas were highlighted and evaluated. We divided the image into layers of 0.09‐mm2 areas from the top to bottom of the dermis. Each area was cropped and evaluated.ResultsQuantitative assessment yielded the quantitative size occupied by collagen fibers in an area of 0.09 mm2. Calculation of the percentage in each area can be used to determine the density of collagen fibers.ConclusionMeasurements obtained with our method can be applied to research on dermal collagen fibers. We present a convenient quantitative assessment method for the dermal constituents in Masson's trichrome‐stained slides.
Salt décollement and rift inheritance controls on crustal deformation in orogens
Authors: Grool Arjan R. , Huismans Ritske S. , Ford Mary 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigate the factors that control the shortening distribution and its evolution through time in orogenic belts using numerical models. We present self‐consistent high‐resolution numerical models that simulate the inversion of a rift to generate an upper crustal antiformal stack, a wide outer pro‐wedge fold‐and‐thrust belt, characterised by a two‐phase evolution with early symmetric inversion followed by formation of an asymmetric doubly‐vergent orogen. We show that a weak viscous salt décollement promotes gravitational collapse of the cover. When combined with efficient erosion of the orogenic core and sedimentation in adjacent forelands, it ensures the thick‐skinned pro‐wedge taper remains subcritical, promoting formation of an upper crustal antiformal stack. Rift inheritance promotes a two‐phase shortening distribution evolution regardless of the shallow structure and other factors. Comparison to the Pyrenees strongly suggests that this combination of factors led to a very similar evolution and structural style.
Intra‐bone bone marrow transplantation from hCD47 transgenic pigs to baboons prolongs chimerism to >60 days and promotes increased porcine lung transplant survival
Authors: Watanabe Hironosuke , Ariyoshi Yuichi , Pomposelli Thomas , Takeuchi Kazuhiro , Ekanayake‐Alper Dilrukshi K. , Boyd Lennan K. , Arn Scott J. , Sahara Hisashi , Shimizu Akira , Ayares David , Lorber Marc I. , Sykes Megan , Sachs David H. , Yamada Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe have recently demonstrated that human‐CD47 (hCD47) expressed on endothelial cells of porcine lung xenografts extended median graft survival from 3.5 days to 8.7 days in baboons. Intra‐bone bone marrow transplantation (IBBMTx) in a pig‐to‐baboon model was previously shown to markedly prolong the duration of macrochimerism up to 21 days from 1 to 4 days by intravenous BMTx. We now examined whether the use of hCD47 transgenic (Tg) BM further prolonged the duration of chimerism following IBBMTx. We then tested if lung xenograft survival was prolonged following IBBMTx.MethodsBaboons received GalTKO‐hCD47/hCD55Tg (n = 5) or ‐hCD55Tg (n = 1) or ‐hCD46/HLA‐E Tg (n = 1) pig IBBMTx. Macrochimerism, anti‐pig T cells and antibody responses were assessed. Animals received lung xenografts from either hCD47+ or hCD47‐ porcine lungs 1‐3 months later.ResultsAll baboons that received hCD47Tg porcine IBBM maintained durable macrochimerism >30 days, and two maintained chimerism for >8 weeks. Notably, anti‐pig antibody levels decreased over time and anti‐pig cellular unresponsiveness developed following IBBMTx. Lungs from hCD47Tg IBBMTx matched pigs were transplanted at day 33 or day 49 after IBBMTx. These animals showed extended survival up to 13 and 14 days, while animals that received lungs from hCD47 negative pigs displayed no prolonged survival (1‐4 days).ConclusionThis is the first report demonstrating durable macrochimerism beyond 8 weeks, as well as evidence for B cell tolerance in large animal xenotransplantation. Using hCD47Tg pigs as both IBBMTx and lung donors prolongs lung xenograft survival. However, additional strategies are required to control the acute loss of lung xenografts.
Initial Laramide tectonism recorded by Upper Cretaceous paleoseismites in the northern Bighorn Basin, USA: Field indicators of an applied end load stress
Authors: Jackson W.T. , McKay M.P. , Bartholomew M.J. , Allison D.T. , Spurgeon D.L. , Shaulis B. , VanTongeren J.A. , Setera J.B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Soft-sediment deformational structures associated with paleoseismicity (e.g., planar clastic dikes) exist within Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group strata in the Laramide Elk Basin anticline, northern Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA). Retrodeformation of the Elk Basin anticline to a horizontal Mesaverde Group position indicates that all basement offset is removed and that clastic dikes exhibit a dominant northeast trend. The trend of clastic dikes corresponds to the interpreted northeast-southwest direction of early Laramide layer-parallel shortening, suggesting that the development of clastic dikes recorded initiation of basement deformation and Laramide tectonism. To determine the timing of clastic dike development, we present zircon U-Pb geochronology from the stratigraphically lowest sand-source bed generating upwardly injected clastic dikes and a volcanic bentonite bed (Ardmore bentonite) above the stratigraphic interval containing clastic dikes. Weighted mean ages bracket clastic dike development between 82.4 and 78.0 Ma. Our results imply initiation of basement deformation ∼8–15 m.y. prior than other estimates in the Bighorn Basin. Therefore, we interpret the development of clastic dikes in the Elk Basin anticline to represent an initial phase of Laramide tectonism associated with an applied end load stress transmitted from the southwestern North American plate margin in response to the collision of the conjugate Shatsky Rise oceanic plateau ca. 90–85 Ma. Results demonstrate how sedimentary responses in the foreland can be used to understand tectonic processes at plate boundaries and provide spatial-temporal parameters for models of Laramide deformation.
Cohort profile: the DANish LIFE course (DANLIFE) cohort, a prospective register-based cohort of all children born in Denmark since 1980
Authors: Bengtsson Jessica , Dich Nadya , Rieckmann Andreas , Hulvej Rod Naja 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe DANish LIFE course (DANLIFE) cohort is a prospective register-based study set up to investigate the complex life course mechanisms linking childhood adversities to health and well-being in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood including cumulative and synergistic actions and potentially sensitive periods in relation to health outcomes.ParticipantsAll children born in Denmark in 1980 or thereafter have successively been included in the cohort totalling more than 2.2 million children. To date, the study population has been followed annually in the nationwide Danish registers for an average of 16.8 years with full data coverage in the entire follow-up period. The information is currently updated until 2015.Findings to dateDANLIFE provides information on a wide range of family-related childhood adversities (eg, parental separation, death of a parent or sibling, economic disadvantage) with important psychosocial implications for health and well-being in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Measurement of covariates indicating demographic (eg, age, sex), social (eg, parental education) and health-related factors (eg, birth weight) has also been included from the nationwide registers. In this cohort profile, we provide an overview of the childhood adversities and covariates included in DANLIFE. We also demonstrate that there is a clear social gradient in the exposure to childhood adversities confirming clustering of adverse experiences within individuals.Future plansDANLIFE provides a valuable platform for research into early life adversity and opens unique possibilities for testing new research ideas on how childhood adversities affect health across the life course.
Comparative thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation with and without a secondary precipitant—Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Gundlund A , Kümler Thomas , Bonde Anders Nissen , Butt Jawad Haider , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesWe compared long-term outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with and without a secondary precipitant.Design and settingRetrospective cohort study based on Danish nationwide registries.ParticipantsPatients with AF with and without secondary precipitants (1996–2015) were matched 1:1 according to age, sex, calendar year, CHA2DS2-VASc score and oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC), resulting in a cohort of 39 723 patients with AF with a secondary precipitant and the same number of patients with AF without a secondary precipitant. Secondary precipitants included alcohol intoxication, thyrotoxicosis, myocardial infarction, surgery and infection in conjunction with AF.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome in this study was thromboembolic events. Secondary outcomes included AF rehospitalisation and death. Long-term risks of outcomes were examined by multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe most common precipitants were infection (55.0%), surgery (13.2%) and myocardial infarction (12.0%). The 5-year absolute risk of thromboembolic events (taking death into account as a competing risk) in patients with AF grouped according to secondary precipitants were 8.3% (alcohol intoxication), 8.5% (thyrotoxicosis), 12.1% (myocardial infarction), 11.6% (surgery), 12.2% (infection), 10.1% (>1 precipitant) and 12.3% (no secondary precipitant). In the multivariable analyses, AF with a secondary precipitant was associated with the same or an even higher thromboembolic risk than AF without a secondary precipitant. One exception was patients with AF and thyrotoxicosis: those not initiated on OAC therapy carried a lower thromboembolic risk the first year of follow-up than matched patients with AF without a secondary precipitant and no OAC therapy.ConclusionsIn general, AF with a secondary precipitant was associated with the same thromboembolic risk as AF without a secondary precipitant. Consequently, this study highlights the need for more research regarding the long-term management of patients with AF associated with a secondary precipitant.