bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Media Animasi pada Pembelajaran Suhu dan Kalor terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas V SD Negeri 14 Waigama
Authors: Rahman Endah Pebriani , Asrul Asrul , Fathurrahman Fathurrahman , Ramadhani Indri Anugrah 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA di kelas V di SD Negeri 14 Waigama Misool Utara. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu penelitian eksperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi guru dan siswa, lembar penilaian kerja kelompok serta lembar tes tertulis dalam bentuk pilihan ganda. Data menunjukkan rata-rata skor observasi guru (peneliti) dan siswa sebesar 100% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Hasil analisis ketuntasan belajar pada nilai rata – rata pretest 38,75%, rata – rata posttest 71%, hasil uji reliabilitas diperoleh Cronbach‟s Alpha untuk instrument test sebesar 0,704 yang berarti memiliki reliabilitas baik. Uji normalitas hasil belajar pretest siswa kelas V memiliki taraf signifikansi 0,259 > 0,05 sedangkan hasil belajar postest siswa kelas V memiliki taraf signifikansi 0,906 > 0,05. Uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung sebesar 2.204 dengan dk = n – 1 (20-1=19) diperoleh ttabel sebesar 1.729. Berdasarkan hasil analisi data nilai yaitu thitung > ttabel (2.204 > 1.729), dengan besarnya taraf signifikansi 0,05, yakni (0,040 < 0,05) maka Hipotesis diterima, Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media animasi pada pembelajaran suhu dan kalor terhadap hasil belajar kognitif IPA siswa kelas V SD Negeri 14 Waigama Misool Utara.
Signatures of Magnetic Activity: On the Relation between Stellar Properties and p-mode Frequency Variations
Authors: Santos A. R. G. , Campante T. L. , Chaplin W. J. , Cunha M. S. , van Saders J. L. , Karoff C. , Metcalfe T. S. , Mathur S. , García R. A. , Lund M. N. , Kiefer R. , Aguirre V. Silva , Davies G. R. , Howe R. , Elsworth Y. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the Sun, the properties of acoustic modes are sensitive to changes in the magnetic activity. In particular, mode frequencies are observed to increase with increasing activity level. Thanks to CoRoT and Kepler, such variations have been found in other solar-type stars and encode information on the activity-related changes in their interiors. Thus, the unprecedented long-term Kepler photometric observations provide a unique opportunity to study stellar activity through asteroseismology. The goal of this work is to investigate the dependencies of the observed mode frequency variations on the stellar parameters and whether those are consistent with an activity-related origin. We select the solar-type oscillators with highest signal-to-noise ratio, in total, 75 targets. Using the temporal frequency variations determined in Santos et al., we study the relation between those variations and the fundamental stellar properties. We also compare the observed frequency shifts with chromospheric and photometric activity indexes, which are only available for a subset of the sample. We find that frequency shifts increase with increasing chromospheric activity, which is consistent with an activity-related origin of the observed frequency shifts. Frequency shifts are also found to increase with effective temperature, which is in agreement with the theoretical predictions for the activity-related frequency shifts by Metcalfe et al. Frequency shifts are largest for fast rotating and young stars, which is consistent with those being more active than slower rotators and older stars. Finally, we find evidence for frequency shifts increasing with stellar metallicity.
Machine-learning Classifiers for Intermediate Redshift Emission-line Galaxies
Authors: Zhang Kai , Schlegel David J. , Andrews Brett H. , Comparat Johan , Schäfer Christoph , Vazquez Mata Jose Antonio , Kneib Jean-Paul , Yan Renbin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Classification of intermediate redshift (z = 0.3–0.8) emission line galaxies as star-forming galaxies, composite galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), or low-ionization nuclear emission regions (LINERs) using optical spectra alone was impossible because the lines used for standard optical diagnostic diagrams: [N ii], Hα, and [S ii] are redshifted out of the observed wavelength range. In this work, we address this problem using four supervised machine-learning classification algorithms: k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector classifier (SVC), random forest (RF), and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. For input features, we use properties that can be measured from optical galaxy spectra out to z < 0.8—[O iii]/Hβ, [O ii]/Hβ, [O iii] line width, and stellar velocity dispersion—and four colors (u − g, g − r, r − i, and i − z) corrected to z = 0.1. The labels for the low redshift emission line galaxy training set are determined using standard optical diagnostic diagrams. RF has the best area under curve score for classifying all four galaxy types, meaning the highest distinguishing power. Both the AUC scores and accuracies of the other algorithms are ordered as MLP > SVC > KNN. The classification accuracies with all eight features (and the four spectroscopically determined features only) are 93.4% (92.3%) for star-forming galaxies, 69.4% (63.7%) for composite galaxies, 71.8% (67.3%) for AGNs, and 65.7% (60.8%) for LINERs. The stacked spectrum of galaxies of the same type as determined by optical diagnostic diagrams at low redshift and RF at intermediate redshift are broadly consistent. Our publicly available code (https://github.com/zkdtc/MLC_ELGs) and trained models will be instrumental for classifying emission line galaxies in upcoming wide-field spectroscopic surveys.
Kleiner Niederländischer Sprachatlas (KNSA)
Authors: Pheiff Jeffrey 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present contribution aims to present the Kleiner Niederländischer Sprachatlas unter Einschluss des Westfriesischen (KNSA, ‘Concise Linguistic Atlas of Dutch including West Frisian’). With the Belgian and Dutch Wenker sentences as its source of data, the KNSA represents a westward expansion of its model and predecessor atlas, the Kleiner Deutscher Sprachatlas (KDSA, ‘Concise Linguistic Atlas of German’), which charted historical data from Georg Wenker’s survey of the former German Empire at the end of the 19th century. Less well known is the collection of Wenker sentences that was carried out in the Dutch language area beginning during the First World War, then in the 1920s, and in the 1930s. The KNSA systematically charts these historical Dutch and West Frisian data, and allows for their comparison to the German Wenker data. Although initiated in the 1990s, the project could only be completed in 2017. The KNSA was published on the internet research platform Regionalsprache.de (REDE). This contribution will first present the atlas’ data basis, then explain the relationship of the KNSA to the KDSA, and discuss the former’s publication. Finally, a brief case study analysis of h-dropping in Dutch dialects will conclude the contribution to demonstrate one possibility for further research with the atlas.
Effects of Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection on the immune response of rabbits
Authors: Xiao Chenwen , Bao Guolian , Wei Qiang , Liu Yan , Wang Jiaoyu , Ji Quanan , Huang Yee 
Published: September 2019

Background
Rabbit breeding has developed into a large-scale industry, and as such, the incidence of dermatophytosis in rabbits has become increasingly common. A rabbit model with Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection was established to study the changes within the immune responses after fungal infection.

Methods
After the T. mentagrophytes challenge on skin, pathogens on the skin were isolated from the rabbits in the fungal infection (FI) groups 20 days. Fungal observation under microscope were carried out. Identification of strains was achieved by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the CDR1 gene. The collected anticoagulant blood samples were analyzed for various blood cell parameters. The levels of antibodies, including IgM and IgA, cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and soluble CD4 and CD8 in the serum of the FI group vs. the control group were determined independently. RNA isolation from blood samples and fluorescence-based quantitative PCR were carried out for the mRNA level of M-csf 20 days after fungal challenge.

Results
Our model resulted in typical symptoms of dermatophytosis on rabbit skin after challenged with fungus. Pathogens isolated from the infected rabbit skin were confirmed to be T. mentagrophytes by microscopic examination and PCR. The number of lymphocytes in the blood of the FI group was significantly decreased in comparison to the control group 2 days after the fungal challenge, but was significantly increased in comparison the control group 10 days after the fungal challenge (P < 0.01). Platelet counts of the FI group were significantly higher than in the control group at 2 (P < 0.05), 10 (P < 0.05), and 20 (P < 0.01) days after fungal challenge. The red blood cell distribution width of the FI group was significantly increased in comparison to that of the control group at 2, 10, and 20 days after fungal challenge (P < 0.01 for all days). The levels of antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA (P < 0.01)), cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6 (P < 0.01), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (P < 0.05)), and soluble CD4 (P < 0.01) and CD8 (P < 0.01) in the serum were significantly different between the FI and control groups. Serum M-csf mRNA level of the FI group was significantly higher than the control group 20 days after fungal challenge (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates how the immune system responds to infection with T. mentagrophytes and provides potential targets for the prevention and treatment of dermatophytosis.
Prognostic Impact of Macroscopic Complete Resection and Inflammatory Status for Colorectal Cancer With Peritoneal Dissemination
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoru , Ihara Keisuke , Shida Yosuke , Yokoyama Haruka , Ogata Hideo , Nakajima Masanobu , Sasaki Kinro , Tsuchioka Takashi , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To clarify the appropriate treatment policy for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis, case series were analyzed retrospectively.

Summary of background data:
The frequency of colorectal cancer and peritoneal dissemination occurring simultaneously is 4% to 7%. The prevention of peritoneal metastasis and the development of a strategy for cure are considered important factors in improving the treatment outcome of colorectal cancer.

Methods:
A total of 60 patients with colorectal cancer with peritoneal dissemination were enrolled in this study. Tumor and host condition characteristics and treatment regimens affecting patient survival were tested by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Results:
Histologic type, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, macroscopic complete resection, and Glasgow Prognostic Score were found to be independent prognostic factors for overall survival.

Conclusions:
Peritoneal carcinomatosis can result in better patient prognoses in patients with well-differentiated carcinoma, less peritoneal spread, low levels of tumor markers, and a low Glasgow Prognostic Score. In these patients, curative resection of peritoneal metastases followed by intensive chemotherapy might be effective.
Laparoscopic Lavage Versus Suction Only in Complicated Acute Appendicitis: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Sardiwalla Imraan I. , Koto Modise Z. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis presents a challenge with concerns about pelvic collections. It is unclear whether lavage or if simple suctioning of pus influences complications.

Methods:
A prospective, single,-blinded, randomized control trial was conducted. Patients with suspected acute appendicitis were consented. Those found to have complicated appendicitis (perforation, localized pus, or four-quadrant pus) at laparoscopy were randomized to suction or lavage. Exclusions included conversions and drainage of abscess only. Lavage consisted of 3 liters of lavage. Intra-abdominal abscess that required reintervention (i.e., relook, percutaneous drainage) was the primary outcome. Hospital stay and return of bowel function were also recorded.

Results:
A total of 213 patients were assessed for eligibility. We excluded 157 patients, as they had simple appendicitis; 7 patients were converted to laparotomies; 5 had abscesses but the appendix was not removed. We analyzed 86 patients. The mean age was 26.6 years (14–74). We lavaged 42 (48.8%) patients and 44 (51.2%) were suctioned. Four-quadrant pus was present in 26 (30.2%) of the patients overall. Complications developed in 20 (47.5%) of the patients that were lavaged versus 12 patients (27.1%) with suction only. The difference did not reach significance due to sample size (P = 0.0739). Operative time was longer in the lavage group by 30 minutes (P = 0.086). If a complication developed, then the hospital stay was significantly prolonged 13.5 days versus 5 days (P &lt; 0.001). The study was stopped by the internal review board due to the excess risk with lavage.

Conclusions:
This exploratory study into lavage versus suction only in complicated appendicitis revealed potential harm with lavage. The study was stopped prematurely by the internal review due to the excess risk experienced by the lavage group, thus the study did not reach statistical power. If a patient with complicated appendicitis developed any complication, hospital stay was longer.
3D‐printable lung phantom for distal falloff verification of proton Bragg peak
Authors: Koketsu Junichi , Kumada Hiroaki , Takada Kenta , Takei Hideyuki , Mori Yutaro , Kamizawa Satoshi , Hu Yuchao , Sakurai Hideyuki , Sakae Takeji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn proton therapy, the Bragg peak of a proton beam reportedly deteriorates when passing though heterogeneous structures such as human lungs. Previous studies have used heterogeneous random voxel phantoms, in which soft tissues and air are randomly allotted to render the phantoms the same density as human lungs, for conducting Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. However, measurements of these phantoms are complicated owing to their difficult‐to‐manufacture shape. In the present study, we used Voronoi tessellation to design a phantom that can be manufactured, and prepared a Voronoi lung phantom for which both measurement and MC calculations are possible. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of this phantom as a new lung phantom for investigating proton beam Bragg peak deterioration. For this purpose, we measured and calculated the percentage depth dose and the distal falloff widths (DFW) passing through the phantom. For the 155 MeV beam, the measured and calculated DFW values with the Voronoi lung phantom were 0.40 and 0.39 cm, respectively. For the 200 MeV beam, the measured and calculated DFW values with the Voronoi lung phantom were both 0.48 cm. Our results indicate that both the measurements and MC calculations exhibited high reproducibility with plastinated lung sample from human body in previous studies. We found that better results were obtained using the Voronoi lung phantom than using other previous phantoms. The designed phantom may contribute significantly to the improvement of measurement precision. This study suggests that the Voronoi lung phantom is useful for simulating the effects of the heterogeneous structure of lungs on proton beam deterioration.
High Areal Capacitance of N‐Doped Graphene Synthesized by Arc Discharge
Authors: Pham Thang Viet , Kim Jeong‐Gil , Jung Jae Young , Kim Jun Hee , Cho Hyunjin , Seo Tae Hoon , Lee Hunsu , Kim Nam Dong , Kim Myung Jong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe lack of cost effective, industrial‐scale production methods hinders the widespread applications of graphene materials. In spite of its applicability in the mass production of graphene flakes, arc discharge has not received considerable attention because of its inability to control the synthesis and heteroatom doping. In this study, a facile approach is proposed for improving doping efficiency in N‐doped graphene synthesis through arc discharge by utilizing anodic carbon fillers. Compared to the N‐doped graphene (1–1.5% N) synthesized via the arc process according to previous literature, the resulting graphene flakes show a remarkably increased doping level (≈3.5% N) with noticeable graphitic N enrichment, which is rarely achieved by the conventional process, while simultaneously retaining high turbostratic crystallinity. The electrolyte ion storage of synthesized materials is examined in which synthesized N‐doped graphene material exhibits a remarkable area normalized capacitance of 63 µF cm−2. The surprisingly high areal capacitance, which is superior to that of most carbon materials, is attributed to the synergistic effect of extrinsic pseudocapacitance, high crystallinity, and abundance of exposed graphene edges. These results highlight the great potentials of N‐doped graphene flakes produced by arc discharge in graphene‐based supercapacitors, along with well‐studied active exfoliated graphene and reduced graphene oxide.
Supramolecular Assembly of Aminoethylene‐Lipopeptide PMO Conjugates into RNA Splice‐Switching Nanomicelles
Authors: Kuhn Jasmin , Klein Philipp M. , Al Danaf Nader , Nordin Joel Z. , Reinhard Sören , Loy Dominik M. , Höhn Miriam , El Andaloussi Samir , Lamb Don C. , Wagner Ernst , Aoki Yoshitsugu , Lehto Taavi , Lächelt Ulrich 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are oligonucleotide analogs that can be used for therapeutic modulation of pre‐mRNA splicing. Similar to other classes of nucleic acid‐based therapeutics, PMOs require delivery systems for efficient transport to the intracellular target sites. Here, artificial peptides based on the oligo(ethylenamino) acid succinyl‐tetraethylenpentamine (Stp), hydrophobic modifications, and an azide group are presented, which are used for strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition conjugation with splice‐switching PMOs. By systematically varying the lead structure and formulation, it is determined that the type of contained fatty acid and supramolecular assembly have a critical impact on the delivery efficacy. A compound containing linolenic acid with three cis double bonds exhibits the highest splice‐switching activity and significantly increases functional protein expression in pLuc/705 reporter cells in vitro and after local administration in vivo. Structural and mechanistic studies reveal that the lipopeptide PMO conjugates form nanoparticles, which accelerate cellular uptake and that the content of unsaturated fatty acids enhances endosomal escape. In an in vitro Duchenne muscular dystrophy exon skipping model using H2K‐mdx52 dystrophic skeletal myotubes, the highly potent PMO conjugates mediate significant splice‐switching at very low nanomolar concentrations. The presented aminoethylene‐lipopeptides are thus a promising platform for the generation of PMO‐therapeutics with a favorable activity/toxicity profile.
Advanced Nanotechnology Leading the Way to Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Precision Surgical Therapy
Authors: Wang Cong , Fan Wenpei , Zhang Zijian , Wen Yu , Xiong Li , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSurgical resection is the primary and most effective treatment for most patients with solid tumors. However, patients suffer from postoperative recurrence and metastasis. In the past years, emerging nanotechnology has led the way to minimally invasive, precision and intelligent oncological surgery after the rapid development of minimally invasive surgical technology. Advanced nanotechnology in the construction of nanomaterials (NMs) for precision imaging‐guided surgery (IGS) as well as surgery‐assisted synergistic therapy is summarized, thereby unlocking the advantages of nanotechnology in multimodal IGS‐assisted precision synergistic cancer therapy. First, mechanisms and principles of NMs to surgical targets are briefly introduced. Multimodal imaging based on molecular imaging technologies provides a practical method to achieve intraoperative visualization with high resolution and deep tissue penetration. Moreover, multifunctional NMs synergize surgery with adjuvant therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy) to eliminate residual lesions. Finally, key issues in the development of ideal theranostic NMs associated with surgical applications and challenges of clinical transformation are discussed to push forward further development of NMs for multimodal IGS‐assisted precision synergistic cancer therapy.
Black Phosphorus–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanomaterials toward Advanced Lubricating Properties under Water
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Qi Shunshun , Chen Lin , Gou Chengxue , Lin Bo , Lu Zhibin , Wu Zhiguo , Zhang Guangan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract2D hybrid nanomaterials show great potential in reducing friction and energy dissipation of dry sliding both theoretically and experimentally. However, the achievement of low friction by introducing the hybrid nanomaterials in a macroscopic water‐based environment remains a major challenge. Here, black phosphorus–graphene oxide (BP‐GO) hybrid nanomaterials with a 2D layered structure are synthesized successfully. As water‐based additives, the BP‐GO hybrid nanomaterials enable the significant reduction of friction and wear. The lubrication mechanism proposed involves the easy interlayer shear that originated from the hydrophilization and unique microscopic heterojunction stacking structure of the 2D BP‐GO hybrid nanomaterials. This study demonstrates the fascinating prospect of the 2D BP‐GO hybrid nanomaterials toward advanced macroscopic lubricating properties under water.
Multiple σ–π Conjugated Molecules with Selectively Enhanced Electrical Performance for Efficient Solution‐Processed Blue Electrophosphorescence
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Li Hui , Zhi Yibin , Wang Jun , Tang Lele , Tao Ye , Xie Guohua , Zheng Chao , Huang Wei , Chen Runfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSelectively and controllably regulating molecular functions of organic optoelectronic materials with high solubility for solution‐processible devices is highly desired but remains as one of the most significant challenges in material science. Here, a concise molecular design strategy is reported to achieve effective electronic communications using efficient d‐orbital participated σ–π conjugations between Si and π unit for purposely modulating the electrical properties of organic optoelectronic materials. Through a two‐step reaction in high yield, DSiDCzSi with the enhanced σ–π conjugation is facilely constructed by introducing multiple triphenylsilanes into carbazole unit. Impressively, DSiDCzSi demonstrates a largely increased d‐orbital participated extent of Si, which results in the selectively improved frontier orbital energy level, enhanced carrier injection and transportation ability, excellent solubility, and film‐forming property. Using DSiDCzSi as a host matrix, solution‐processed blue electrophosphorescence device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency up to 23.5%, which is among the best values of FIr6‐based blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes reported to date. This work, which reveals the vital role of d‐orbital participated σ–π conjugations in solving the inherent interference between optical and electrical properties of π‐conjugated materials, can provide an extensible and universal avenue for designing and constructing high‐performance organic optoelectronic materials for advanced device applications.