bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bovine anterior hypothalamus: Characterization of the vasopressin–oxytocin containing nucleus and changes in relation to sexual differentiation
Authors: Graïc Jean‐Marie , Corain Livio , Peruffo Antonella , Cozzi Bruno , Swaab Dick F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn an effort to systematically describe the neurochemical anatomy of the bovine anterior hypothalamus, we used a series of immunocytochemical markers such as acetylcholine esterase (AChE), arginine–vasopressin (AVP), calbindin (Calb), galanin (Gal), neuropeptide‐Y (NPY), oxytocin (OXT), somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We also investigated the potential sex difference present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the vasopressin–oxytocin containing nucleus (VON) of six male and six female Bos taurus. Our study revealed that the cytochemical structure of the cattle anterior hypothalamus follows the blueprint of other mammals. The VON, which was never described before in cattle, showed a sex difference with a 33.7% smaller volume and 23.2% fewer magnocellular neurons (approximately 20–30 μm) in the male. The SCN also did show a sex difference in VIP neurons and volume with a 36.1% larger female nucleus with 28.1% more cells. Additionally, we included five heifers with freemartin syndrome as a new animal model relevant to sexual differentiation in the brain. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first freemartin study in relation to the brain. Surprisingly, the SCN of freemartin heifers was 32.5% larger than its control male and female counterparts with 29% more VIP cells. Conversely, the freemartin VON had an intermediary size between male and female. To analyze our data, a classical statistical analysis and a novel multivariate and multi‐aspect approach were applied. These findings shed new light on sexual dimorphism in the bovine brain and present this species with freemartins as a valuable animal model in neuroscience.
Treating anxiety disorders by emotion‐focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (EFPP)—An integrative, transdiagnostic approach
Authors: Beutel Manfred E. , Greenberg Leslie , Lane Richard D. , Subic‐Wrana Claudia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnxiety disorders are characterized by high levels of anxiety and avoidance of anxiety‐inducing situations and of negative emotions such as anger. Emotion‐focused therapy (EFT) and psychodynamic psychotherapy (PP) have underscored the therapeutic significance of processing and transforming repressed or disowned conflicted or painful emotions. Although PP provides sophisticated means of processing intrapsychic and interpersonal conflict, EFT has empirically tested a set of techniques to access, deepen, symbolize, and transform emotions consistent with current conceptualizations of emotions and memory. Based on our clinical experience, we propose that an integrative emotion‐focused and psychodynamic approach opens new avenues for treating anxiety disorders effectively, and we present a transdiagnostic manual for emotion‐focused psychodynamic psychotherapy. The therapeutic approach takes into account both the activation, processing, and modification of emotion and the underlying intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts. The short‐term treatment is based on the three phases of initiating treatment, therapeutic work with anxiety, and termination. Emotional poignancy (or liveliness) is an important marker for emotional processing throughout treatment. Instead of exposure to avoided situations, we endorse enacting the internal process of generating anxiety in the session providing a sense of agency and access to warded‐off emotions. Interpretation serves to tie together emotional experience and insight into the patterns and the nature of underlying intrapersonal and interpersonal conflict. Treatment modules are illustrated by brief vignettes from pilot treatments.
Upregulation of HLA‐E by dengue and not Zika viruses
Authors: Drews Elena , Adam Awadalkareem , Htoo Phone , Townsley Elizabeth , Mathew Anuja 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe most severe form of dengue virus (DENV) illness, dengue haemorrhagic fever, is characterised by plasma leakage and increased vascular permeability.ObjectivesGiven the critical role that endothelial cells play in the pathogenesis of DENV, we wanted to determine whether infection with DENV altered the expression of MHC class I related genes including HLA‐E.ResultsIn this study, we provide evidence that HLA‐E but not MICA/B or HLA‐G is upregulated by all four serotypes of DENV in an endothelial cell line human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC)‐1. In contrast, Zika virus (ZIKV), a related flavivirus, where plasma leakage is not a major manifestation of disease, did not upregulate HLA‐E. We found modest levels of soluble HLA‐E in supernatants from DENV but not ZIKV‐infected cells. Coculture experiments found minimal activation of natural killer (NK) cells in the presence of both uninfected and infected HMEC‐1 cells. HLA‐E induced by DENV infection could not dampen the degranulation of activated NK cells by interacting with its ligand NKG2a.ConclusionsOur results suggest that while DENV infection induces HLA‐E, the high MHC class I expression on uninfected and infected HMEC‐1 cells may dominate the diverse signals generated between inhibitory and activating receptors on NK cells and ligands on target cells.
Spastin Interacts with CRMP5 to Promote Neurite Outgrowth by Controlling the Microtubule Dynamics
Authors: Ji Zhisheng , Zhang Guowei , Chen Li , Li Jiong , Yang Yuhao , Cha Caihui , Zhang Jifeng , Lin Hongsheng , Guo Guoqing 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTChanging the microtubule dynamics is sufficient to alter the axon and dendrite specification and development. Spastin participates in the growth and regeneration of neurites by severing microtubules into small segments, and collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) provides structural support and serves as a track for cargo transport by promoting microtubule polymerization. Nevertheless, how spastin and CRMP5 cooperate to regulate neurite outgrowth by controlling the microtubule dynamics needs to be elucidated. In our present study, spastin interacted with CRMP5 in vitro and in vivo. The binding domains for the spastin and CRMP5 interaction were the N‐terminal fragment of spastin (residues 270–328) and the C‐terminal fragment of CRMP5 (residues 472–564). Spastin and its truncation mutants, including the microtubule‐binding domain (MTBD) and ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA) domain, were necessary for the severing of microtubules. Furthermore, we demonstrated that microtubule polymerization of CRMP5 interfered with the microtubule‐severing function of spastin. Knocking down either spastin or CRMP5 inhibited neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. However, co‐transfected spastin and CRMP5 promoted the outgrowth of neurites including dendrites and axons. Taken together, our data support a model in which the spastin interaction with CRMP5 promotes neurite outgrowth by controlling the microtubule dynamics.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for agmatine production
Authors: Xu Daqing , Zhang Lirong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAgmatine is a kind of important biogenic amine. The chemical synthesis route is not a desirable choice for industrial production of agmatine. To date, there are no reports on the fermentative production of agmatine by microorganism. In this study, the base Escherichia coli strain AUX4 (JM109 ∆speC ∆speF ∆speB ∆argR) capable of excreting agmatine into the culture medium was first constructed by sequential deletions of the speC and speF genes encoding the ornithine decarboxylase isoenzymes, the speB gene encoding agmatine ureohydrolase and the regulation gene argR responsible for the negative control of the arg regulon. The speA gene encoding arginine decarboxylase harboured by the pKK223‐3 plasmid was overexpressed in AUX4, resulting in the engineered strain AUX5. The batch and fed‐batch fermentations of the AUX5 strain were conducted in a 3‐L bioreactor, and the results showed that the AUX5 strain was able to produce 1.13 g agmatine L−1 with the yield of 0.11 g agmatine g−1 glucose in the batch fermentation and the fed‐batch fermentation of AUX5 allowed the production of 15.32 g agmatine L−1 with the productivity of 0.48 g agmatine L−1 h−1, demonstrating the potential of E. coli as an industrial producer of agmatine.
Improvement of insulin resistance via increase of GLUT4 and PPARγ in metabolic syndrome‐induced rats treated with omega‐3 fatty acid orl‐carnitine
Authors: Zayed Eman Adel , AinShoka Afaf A. , El Shazly Kamal A. , Abd El Latif Hekma A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundFrequent consumption of fructose and saturated fatty acids increase risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). Features of MS include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, visceral obesity, and hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of omega‐3 andl‐carnitine in ameliorating features of MS.MethodsMS was induced in rats by high‐fructose high‐fat fed diet for 8 weeks. They were randomly divided into five groups: normal control, MS control group treated with saline, MS groups given omega‐3 (260 mg/kg),l‐carnitine (200 mg/kg), or metformin (100 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Body weight, relative organ weight, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles were estimated. Also glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ) protein expressions were determined.ResultsOmega‐3 andl‐carnitine caused decrease in both MS‐induced increase in body weight and glucose similar to metformin. They reduced insulin level and resistance with increased adiponectin, and correction of MS‐induced hyperlipidemia. Drugs also increased GLUT4 and PPARγ protein expression compared with MS control group.ConclusionOmega‐3 andl‐carnitine improve features of MS via increased GLUT4 and PPARγ expression.
Improving apparent diffusion coefficient accuracy on a compact 3T MRI scanner using gradient nonlinearity correction
Authors: Tao Ashley T. , Shu Yunhong , Tan Ek T. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Tao Shengzhen , Reid Robert D. , Weavers Paul T. , Huston John , Bernstein Matt A. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundGradient nonlinearity (GNL) leads to biased apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in diffusion‐weighted imaging. A gradient nonlinearity correction (GNLC) method has been developed for whole body systems, but is yet to be tested for the new compact 3T (C3T) scanner, which exhibits more complex GNL due to its asymmetrical design.PurposeTo assess the improvement of ADC quantification with GNLC for the C3T scanner.Study TypePhantom measurements and retrospective analysis of patient data.Phantom/SubjectsA diffusion quality control phantom with vials containing 0–30% polyvinylpyrrolidone in water was used. For in vivo data, 12 patient exams were analyzed (median age, 33).Field Strength/SequenceImaging was performed on the C3T and two commercial 3T scanners. A clinical DWI (repetition time [TR] = 10,000 msec, echo time [TE] = minimum, b = 1000 s/mm2) sequence was used for phantom imaging and 10 patient cases and a clinical DTI (TR = 6000–10,000 msec, TE = minimum, b = 1000 s/mm2) sequence was used for two patient cases.AssessmentThe 0% vial was measured along three orthogonal axes, and at two different temperatures. The ADC for each concentration was compared between the C3T and two whole‐body scanners. Cerebrospinal fluid and white matter ADCs were quantified for each patient and compared to values in literature.Statistical TestsPaired t‐test and two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsFor all PVP concentrations, the corrected ADC was within 2.5% of the reference ADC. On average, the ADC of cerebrospinal fluid and white matter post‐GNLC were within 1% and 6%, respectively, of values reported in the literature and were significantly different from the uncorrected data (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionThis study demonstrated that GNL effects were more severe for the C3T due to the asymmetric gradient design, but our implementation of a GNLC compensated for these effects, resulting in ADC values that are in good agreement with values from the literature.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1498–1507
Pre‐Operative chemotherapy response assessed by contrast‐enhanced MRI can predict the prognosis of Enneking surgical margins in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: He Fangzhou , Qin Le , Bao Qiyuan , Zang Shizhao , He Qin , Qiu Shijing , Shen Yuhui , Zhang Weibin 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe method used to evaluate the response of osteosarcoma to preoperative chemotherapy before specimen resection is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to overall survival (OS) and to discuss their roles in making a decision regarding Enneking surgical margins. Patients (109) with pathologically confirmed Enneking stage IIB osteosarcoma were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Patient characteristics and chemotherapy‐induced contrast‐enhanced MRI changes were considered as potential factors. Changes in the tumor volume and the relative necrosis ratio measured by MRI were independent risk factors predicting the OS of patients who underwent limb‐salvage surgery. For those in whom the tumor volume had decreased (VolRatio <1) or the relative necrosis ratio had increased by at least 10% (NecRatioInc ≥0.1), there was no significant difference in OS between Enneking wide and marginal margins. Variables measured by contrast‐enhanced MRI could be used to evaluate chemotherapy response and increase the limb‐salvage rate. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Carotenoid cleavage in chromoplasts of white and yellow‐fleshed peach varieties
Authors: Giberti Samuele , Giovannini Daniela , Forlani Giuseppe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn peach fruit, carotenoid accumulation in the mesocarp causes the difference between yellow and white genotypes. The latter are generally characterized by a peculiar and more intense aroma, because of higher release of volatiles deriving from dioxygenase‐catalysed breakdown of the tetraterpene skeleton. The rate of carotenoid oxidation was investigated in peach (Prunus persica L.) fruits harvested at various stages of development. Two couples of white and yellow‐fleshed isogenic varieties and an ancestral white‐fleshed genotype were analysed, which had previously shown to differ in Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 4 allelic composition resulting in various combinations of putatively active/inactive proteins.ResultsCarotenoid bleaching activity was localized in the insoluble fraction of fruit flesh chromoplasts. Higher rates of trans‐β‐apo‐8′‐carotenal than β‐carotene bleaching suggest that the first cleavage reaction is the rate‐limiting step. Consistently, HPLC analysis did not show the appearance of coloured intermediates in reaction mixtures. High levels of substrate breakdown were found during the initial phases of fruit development in all genotypes examined, whereas significant differences were evident during the second exponential growth phase and ripening onset. Also, the ratio of carotene versus carotenale utilization varied significantly.ConclusionPattern comparison among activity levels measured in vitro on chromoplast enriched fractions suggests that cleavage enzyme(s) other than Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 4 play a significant role in carotenoid breakdown during fruit development and ripening. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Spanish‐style processing on the quality attributes of HydroSOStainable green olives
Authors: Sánchez‐Rodríguez Lucía , Corell Mireia , Hernández Francisca , Sendra Esther , Moriana Alfonso , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThree treatments of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) were assayed on olive trees for table olive production. RDI provides hydroSOStainable crops. The effect of RDI treatments on the quality of raw and table olives was determined based on their: weight, pit weight, fruit/pit ratio, size, texture, colour, mineral content, antioxidant activity, total phenol content and organic acid and sugar profile.ResultsHydroSOStainable olives showed the most attractive shape and colour: highest fruit weight, roundest fruit, hardest texture and a lightest and greenest colour than control olives. Minerals, antioxidants, phenols and organic acids and sugars of hydroSOStainable olives were similar to control olives. After processing to table olives, calcium, potassium, antioxidants and phenols contents decreased, whereas sugars and organic acids profiles changed in both types of olives.ConclusionsHydroSOStainable table olives offer environmental and quality advantages over control olives given the reduced use of fresh water and favourable morphological traits, which are more attractive for consumers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
New kinetic and mechanistic findings in the oxidation of hydroxylamine by Cerium(IV) in perchloric acid media
Authors: Xu Liyao , Tian Hongwu , Yao Haiping , Shi Tiesheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe oxidation of hydroxylamine (HONH2) by Ce(IV) in perchloric acid media took place fast and was followed by a stopped‐flow spectrometer. A rate law of −d[Ce(IV)]tot/dt = k′[HONH2]tot[Ce(IV)]tot was proved, where k′ stands for the observed second‐order rate constant and [Ce(IV)]tot and [HONH2]tot represent the total concentrations of Ce(IV) and HONH2, respectively. The dependencies of k′ on [H+] and on ionic strength were investigated. Rapid scan spectra recorded for a typical reaction course and a stoichiometric measurement unraveled several additional characters for the redox reaction. Based on experimental results, a reaction mechanism is proposed, which involves Ce4+, Ce(OH)3+, and Ce(OH)22+ attacking on HONH3+ in parallel. Moreover, these parallel attacking reactions are the rate‐determining steps, generating free radicals •ONH2, which are rapidly oxidized to nitrate by Ce(IV). Rate constants of these rate‐determining steps have been evaluated; a reactivity trend of Ce4+ > Ce(OH)3+ > Ce(OH)22+ is disclosed, but the reactivity differences among them are very small. The rate‐determining steps are rationalized in terms of an outer‐sphere electron transfer, and possible transition states are proposed in the cases of Ce(OH)3+ and Ce(OH)22+ to account for the small reactivity differences. The obtained kinetic and mechanistic results in the present work are compared with those acquired previously for the same reaction but in sulfuric acid and nitric media. It is concluded that the reaction media can play a dominant role in determining the reaction kinetics, mechanisms, and the product(s) in the oxidation of hydroxylamine by Ce(IV).
A restarted Krylov method with inexact inversions
Authors: Dax Achiya 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we present a new type of restarted Krylov method for calculating the smallest eigenvalues of a symmetric positive definite matrix G. The new framework avoids the Lanczos tridiagonalization process and the use of polynomial filtering. This simplifies the restarting mechanism and allows the introduction of several modifications. Convergence is assured by a monotonicity property that pushes the eigenvalues toward their limits. Another innovation is the use of inexact inversions of G to generate the Krylov matrices. In this approach, the inverse of G is approximated by using an iterative method to solve the related linear system. Numerical experiments illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Hippocampal subregion abnormalities in schizophrenia: A systematic review of structural and physiological imaging studies
Authors: Nakahara Soichiro , Matsumoto Mitsuyuki , van Erp Theo G. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe hippocampus is considered a key region in schizophrenia pathophysiology, but the nature of hippocampal subregion abnormalities and how they contribute to disease expression remain to be fully determined. This study reviews findings from schizophrenia hippocampal subregion volumetric and physiological imaging studies published within the last decade.MethodsThe PubMed database was searched for publications on hippocampal subregion volume and physiology abnormalities in schizophrenia and their findings were reviewed.ResultsThe main replicated findings include smaller CA1 volumes and CA1 hyperactivation in schizophrenia, which may be predictive of conversion in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis, smaller CA1 and CA4/DG volumes in first‐episode schizophrenia, and more widespread smaller hippocampal subregion volumes with longer duration of illness. Several studies have reported relationships between hippocampal subregion volumes and declarative memory or symptom severity.ConclusionsTogether these studies provide support for hippocampal formation circuitry models of schizophrenia. These initial findings must be taken with caution as the scientific community is actively working on hippocampal subregion method improvement and validation. Further improvements in our understanding of the nature of hippocampal formation subregion involvement in schizophrenia will require the collection of structural and physiological imaging data at submillimeter voxel resolution, standardization and agreement of atlases, adequate control for possible confounding factors, and multi‐method validation of findings. Despite the need for cautionary interpretation of the initial findings, we believe that improved localization of hippocampal subregion abnormalities in schizophrenia holds promise for the identification of disease contributing mechanisms.
Two‐dimensional NMR analysis of Angiopteris evecta rhizome and improved extraction method for angiopteroside
Authors: Kamitakahara Hiroshi , Okayama Tomoki , Praptiwi  , Agusta Andria , Tobimatsu Yuki , Takano Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe rhizome of Angiopteris evecta is of academic interest in Kalimantan, Indonesia, from an ethnobotanical perspective. Angiopteroside is a substance of pharmaceutical importance that is found in the rhizome of A. evecta.ObjectiveThe aims of this research are to improve the extraction method for angiopteroside from the rhizome, compared to that in a previous report, and to determine the yield of angiopteroside from the rhizome of A. evecta, as well as to obtain precise data for extractives from the rhizome of A. evecta by using two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS).MethodologyWe investigated the chemical constituents of the whole rhizome by means of two‐dimensional NMR (heteronuclear single quantum coherence or HSQC) spectroscopy, neutral sugar analysis using the alditol acetate method, and lignin analysis using alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and Klason lignin methods. LC–MS revealed the purity of the angiopteroside. Antimicrobial assays were also performed for the purified angiopteroside by using a broth microdilution method.ResultsAngiopteroside was isolated by Soxhlet extraction with aqueous acetone followed by preparative thin‐layer chromatography (eluent: 20% methanol/dichloromethane). LC–MS revealed that angiopteroside can be found in the rhizome of A. evecta in 9.9% yield, which is an extremely high yield for a plant extractive.ConclusionHSQC analysis is a powerful tool for surveying compounds in plant materials, such as the whole rhizome of A. evecta. Soxhlet extraction with aqueous acetone is an effective method for extracting glycosides from plant materials.