bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of secular trends in rainfall indices of Peninsular Malaysia in the presence of long‐term persistence
Authors: Khan Najeebullah , Pour Sahar Hadi , Shahid Shamsuddin , Ismail Tarmizi , Ahmed Kamal , Chung Eun‐Sung , Nawaz Nadeem , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe presence of long‐term persistence (LTP) in hydroclimatic time series can lead to considerable change in the significance of trend. Therefore, past findings of climatic trend analysis without considering LTP in time series has become a disputable issue. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial patterns in the trends of annual and seasonal rainfall amounts and extremes in Peninsular Malaysia considering LTP. Daily rainfall data of APHRODITE (Asian Precipitation – Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation) for the period 1951–2007 was used to assess the trends using the classical Mann–Kendall (MK) test and the modified version of the MK test, which can remove the influence of LTP in the significance of trends. The results indicate that significant trends in different rainfall indices of Peninsular Malaysia obtained using the MK test reduced drastically when LTP was taken into consideration. There was almost no change in annual and seasonal rainfall amounts, which contradicts the findings of previous studies. The field significance of regional trends revealed an increase in wet spells at an average rate of 4.8 and 4.9 days/decade in the southeast and the southwest respectively during the northeast monsoon, and a decrease in rainy days by −1.4 days/decade in the north and an increase both in dry spells by 1.0 day/decade in the southeast and in the maximum 1 day rainfall by 1.7 mm/decade on the west coast during the southwest monsoon. The results indicate that the trends in rainfall indices reported in the maritime continent in previous studies should be re‐evaluated as most of them are due to LTP.
Analysis of biological effects of cell phone radiation on human body using specific absorption rate and thermoregulatory response
Authors: Rashid Tanghid B. , Song Heather H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHealth and science have reached a point of intersection which has never existed before. With the recent rapid increase in the use of cellular phones and long periods of usage of these devices near the human body, public concern regarding potential health hazards due to absorption of electromagnetic energy has been growing. To address these issues, this research evaluates the average Specific Absorption Rate in different human tissues by varying source to antenna distance and radiated power using the ANSYS 3D human body model. The Pennes bioheat transfer equation was solved analytically to calculate the longtime exposure effect and temperature rise. The results show that regardless of the frequency, if the antenna radiated power is low (less than 125 mW), temperature increase within the human tissues is low; however if the antenna operates at high radiated power (1 W), temperature tends to increase eight and a half times.
An energy‐based discontinuous Galerkin method for coupled elasto‐acoustic wave equations in second‐order form
Authors: Appelö Daniel , Wang Siyang 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe consider wave propagation in a coupled fluid‐solid region separated by a static but possibly curved interface. The wave propagation is modeled by the acoustic wave equation in terms of a velocity potential in the fluid, and the elastic wave equation for the displacement in the solid. At the fluid solid interface, we impose suitable interface conditions to couple the two equations. We use a recently developed energy‐based discontinuous Galerkin method to discretize the governing equations in space. Both energy conserving and upwind numerical fluxes are derived to impose the interface conditions. The highlights of the developed scheme include provable energy stability and high order accuracy. We present numerical experiments to illustrate the accuracy property and robustness of the developed scheme.
Modification of proline‐based 2,5‐diketopiperazines by anionic ring‐opening polymerization
Authors: Tezgel Özgül , Puchelle Valentin , Du Haiqin , Illy Nicolas , Guégan Philippe 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT2,5‐Diketopiperazines (DKPs) are the smallest cyclic dipeptides found in nature with various attractive properties. In this study, we have demonstrated the successful modification of proline‐based DKPs using anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) as a direct approach. Four different proline‐based DKPs with various side chains and increasing steric hindrance were used as initiating species for the polymerization of 1,2‐epoxybutane or ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether in the presence of t‐BuP4 phosphazene base. The addition of a Lewis acid, tri‐isobutyl aluminum, to the reaction mixture strongly decreased the occurrence of side reactions. Impact of the DKP side‐chain functionalities on molar mass control and dispersity was successfully evidenced. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1008–1016
Vapor Pressure of Linear Nitrate Esters Determined by Transpiration Method in Combination with VO‐GC/MS
Authors: Härtel Martin A. C. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Zehetner Leopold 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGas phase detection of explosives is an ongoing trend in the detection sciences. The conception of gas phase detection devices requires knowledge about gas phase concentration of the target analytes. Nitrate esters are well performing explosives with a high potential for misuse in improvised explosive devices that need to be detected at vulnerable infrastructures. With respect to this the six nitrate esters, ethyl nitrate (1), ethylene glycol dinitrate (2), glycerol trinitrate (3), meso‐erythritol tetranitrate (4), d‐mannitol hexanitrate (5) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (6) were investigated in terms of detectability by vacuum outlet‐GC/MS as potential components in improvised explosive devices. All compounds besides 5 could be detected using vacuum outlet GC/MS and their limits of detection were determined according to DIN 32645 : 2008. The vapor pressure of 2–4 was measured using the transpiration method. It was observed that the introduction of a CHONO2 unit lowers the vapor pressure of the nitrate esters by about two orders of magnitude. For compound 4 the saturation concentration (73 ng L−1) was compared with a vapor pressure based estimation of its concentration in diffusion equilibrium (0.385 pg L−1).
Event‐triggered tracking control of heterogeneous multiagent systems based on two kinds of observers with asymmetric delay
Authors: Wang Zehua , Liu Quanli , Wang Dong , Guo Ge , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the output tracking problem of a multiagent system with asymmetric delays and a switching topology. The multiagent system contains a leader and some followers, the dynamics of which are heterogeneous, and the output of the leader is available to only a subset of followers. We propose two types of observers to estimate states of the leader and reduce communication cost. For the informed followers that can directly obtain information of the leader, a common observer is given to reduce the complexity of observer design. Meanwhile, for the rest of the followers, a distributed observer with asymmetric communication delays for each follower is designed. The observer error system is transformed into a switched system. Through designing the average dwell‐time switching law and constructing multiple Lyapunov functionals, some sufficient conditions for stability of the observer error system are obtained. Furthermore, a distributed controller for followers based on the relative information is developed to track the output of the leader. Finally, an example is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Minimizing environmental impact whilst securing drinking water quantity and quality demands from a reservoir
Authors: Weber Michael , Boehrer Bertram , Rinke Karsten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractComplying with the demands of drinking water supply whilst minimizing environmental impact poses a great challenge in water management. This study investigates the potential of withdrawal management of drinking water reservoirs to alleviate the disruption of the river continuum by a reservoir dam with respect to temperature and discharge. The aim is the identification of an optimal withdrawal strategy to provide a near‐natural discharge temperature and flow for the downstream river without jeopardizing drinking water production. First, we identify the applicability of new withdrawal regimes for raw water security and downstream river demands. Second, we search for an ideal withdrawal regime in scenario simulations using a numerical reservoir model (“General Lake Model”). The scenarios on a drinking water reservoir in Germany demonstrate that we are able to derive an optimized reservoir management. The numerical model is provided for operators as a simple and efficient tool for optimizing the withdrawal strategy within reservoir management.
Experimental Size‐Selective Harvesting Affects Behavioral Types of a Social Fish
Authors: Sbragaglia Valerio , Alós Josep , Fromm Kim , Monk Christopher T. , Díaz‐Gil Carlos , Uusi‐Heikkilä Silva , Honsey Andrew E. , Wilson Alexander D. M. , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn most fisheries, larger fish experience substantially higher mortality than smaller fish. Body length, life history, and behavioral traits are often correlated, such that fisheries‐induced changes in size or life history can also alter behavioral traits. However, empirical evidence regarding how size‐selective harvesting alters the evolution of behavioral traits in exploited stocks is scarce. We used experimental lines of Zebrafish Danio rerio that were exposed to positively size‐selective, negatively size‐selective, or random harvest over five generations. Our aim was to investigate whether simulated fishing changed the mean personality of the surviving females five generations after initial harvesting halted. We found that mean boldness, activity, and sociability were significantly altered relative to the randomly harvested control line. Harvest‐induced changes in individual‐level personality were only detected in the negatively size‐selected line. By contrast, we did not detect harvest‐induced evolution of personality in the positively size‐selected line. We conclude that size‐selective harvesting alters individual personality in this social fish.
Desorption and solubilization of anthracene by a rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Rhodococcus fascians
Authors: Kim Chul‐Hwan , Lee Dong Wan , Heo Young Mok , Lee Hanbyul , Yoo Yeonjae , Kim Gyu‐Hyeok , Kim Jae‐Jin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe rhamnolipid biosurfactant‐producing bacterium, strain SDRB‐G7, was isolated from the sediment of Sindu‐ri beach and identified as Rhodococcus fascians based on a phylogenetic analysis. Optimal activity, with the highest yield (2.441 g/L) and surface tension‐reducing activity (24.38 mN/m), was observed when the cells were grown on olive oil as their sole source of carbon at pH 8.0. The rhamnolipid biosurfactant showed environmental stability at a variety of NaCl concentrations (2‐20%) and pH values (2‐12) even under acidic conditions. Of the initial anthracene, 66% was solubilized by 100% crude biosurfactant. Furthermore, 100% crude biosurfactant desorbed 81% of the anthracene in sediment into the aqueous phase. These results suggest that the rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced from R. fascians SDRB‐G7 is a promising candidate for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal from the sediment and can be an effective agent for processes that bioremediate PAHs such as surfactant‐enhanced remediation.Practitioner points

Biosurfactants can accelerate desorption of PAHs and improve their solubility.

BS‐producing R. fascians SDRB‐G7 was selected by screening of biochemical tests.

Solubility of anthracene was enhanced by rhamnolipid produced by strain SDRB‐G7.

Microbial surfactant is a promising alternative for bioremediation of PAH‐polluted sites.
Finding suitable variability abstractions for lifted analysis
Authors: Dimovski Aleksandar S. , Brabrand Claus , Wąsowski Andrzej 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Many software systems are today variational: they are built as program families or Software Product Lines. They can produce a potentially huge number of related programs, known as products or variants, by selecting suitable configuration options (features) at compile time. Many such program families are safety critical, yet the appropriate tools only rarely are able to analyze them effeciently. Researchers have addressed this problem by designing specialized
variability-aware
static (dataflow) analyses, which allow analyzing all variants of the family, simultaneously, in a single run without generating any of the variants explicitly. They are also known as
lifted
or
family-based
analyses. They take as input the common code base, which encodes all variants of a program family, and produce precise analysis results corresponding to all variants. These analyses scale much better than “brute force” approach, where all individual variants are analyzed in isolation, one-by-one, using off-the-shelf single-program analyzers. Nevertheless, the computational cost of lifted analyses still greatly depends on the number of features and variants (which is often huge). For families with a large number of features and variants, the lifted analyses may be too costly or even infeasible. In order to speed up lifted analyses and make them computationally cheaper, variability abstractions which simplify variability away from program families and lifted analyses have been introduced. However, the space of possible variability abstractions is still intractably large to search naively, with most abstractions being either too imprecise or too costly.

We introduce here a method to efficiently find suitable variability abstractions from a large space of possible abstractions for a lifted static analysis. The main idea is to use a
pre-analysis
to estimate the impact of variability-specific parts of the program family on the analysis’s precision. The pre-analysis is fully variability-aware while it aggressively abstracts the other semantics aspects. Then we use the pre-analysis results to find out when and where the subsequent abstract lifted analysis should turn off or on its variability-awareness. The abstraction constructed in this way is effective in discarding variability-specific program details that are irrelevant for showing the analysis’s ultimate goal. We formalize this approach and we illustrate its effectiveness on several Java case studies. The evaluation shows that our approach which consists of running a pre-analysis followed by a subsequent abstract lifted analysis achieves competitive the precision-speed tradeoff compared to the standard lifted analysis.
A modeling and verification framework for optical quantum circuits
Authors: Beillahi Sidi Mohamed , Mahmoud Mohamed Yousri , Tahar Sofiène 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Quantum computing systems promise to increase the capabilities for solving problems which classical computers cannot handle adequately, such as integers factorization. In this paper, we present a formal modeling and verification approach for optical quantum circuits, where we build a rich library of optical quantum gates and develop a proof strategy in higher-order logic to reason about optical quantum circuits automatically. The constructed library contains a variety of quantum gates ranging from 1-qubit to 3-qubit gates that are sufficient to model most existing quantum circuits. As real world applications, we present the formal analysis of several quantum circuits including quantum full adders and the Grover’s oracle circuits, for which we have proved the behavioral correctness and calculated the operational success rate, which has never been provided in the literature. We show through several case studies the efficiency of the proposed framework in terms of the scalability and modularity.
Machine Learning to Predict the Martensite Start Temperature in Steels
Authors: Rahaman Moshiour , Mu Wangzhong , Odqvist Joakim , Hedström Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The martensite start temperature (M
s) is a critical parameter when designing high-performance steels and their heat treatments. It has, therefore, attracted significant interest over the years. Numerous methodologies, such as thermodynamics-based, linear regression and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling, have been applied. The application of data-driven approaches, such as ANN modeling, or the wider concept of machine learning (ML), have shown limited technical applicability, but considering that these methods have made significant progress lately and that materials data are becoming more accessible, a new attempt at data-driven predictions of the M
s is timely. We here investigate the usage of ML to predict the M
s of steels based on their chemical composition. A database of the M
s
vs alloy composition containing 2277 unique entries is collected. It is ensured that all alloys are fully austenitic at the given austenitization temperature by thermodynamic calculations. The ML modeling is performed using four different ensemble methods and ANN. Train-test split series are used to evaluate the five models, and it is found that all four ensemble methods outperform the ANN on the current dataset. The reason is that the ensemble methods perform better for the rather small dataset used in the present work. Thereafter, a validation dataset of 115 M
s entries is collected from a new reference and the final ML model is benchmarked vs a recent thermodynamics-based model from the literature. The ML model provides excellent predictions on the validation dataset with a root-mean-square error of 18, which is slightly better than the thermodynamics-based model. The results on the validation dataset indicate the technical usefulness of the ML model to predict the M
s in steels for design and optimization of alloys and heat treatments. Furthermore, the agility of the ML model indicates its advantage over thermodynamics-based models for M
s predictions in complex multicomponent steels.
Pre and postnatal diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt
Authors: Shireen Mreish , Hamdan Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:
Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare vascular malformations that can lead to severe complications. With advanced imaging techniques, diagnosis is becoming more feasible occurring in fetal life. Different approaches have been adopted to manage these cases, with an increased utilization of interventional therapy recently. This cohort aims to describe the course of children diagnosed with CPSS and the impact of interventional therapy on the outcome.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review was done for all patients who were diagnosed with CPSS in our institution between January 2006 and December 2015.

Results:
Six patients were diagnosed with CPSS. During this period, 8,680 mothers carrying 9548 fetuses underwent fetal ultrasound examinations. Three patients were diagnosed antenatally at a median [IQ] gestational age of 33 [26–33] weeks, and three patients were diagnosed postnatally at 0, 2, and 43 months, respectively. At a median follow-up of 87 [74–110] months, 5 patients are alive; 4 of whom had received transcatheter closure for different indications, and one who had spontaneous resolution of her CPSS. One infant died at the age of 6 weeks secondary to sepsis.

Conclusion:
CPSS can result in significant complications in children. Interventional therapy is feasible at any age group, but long-term follow-up is warranted.
Demonstration of polarisation calibration with the LBA on Selected AGNs
Authors: Chanapote Thanapol , Dodson Richard , Rioja Maria , Asanok Kitiyanee , Stevens Jamie , Martí-Vidal Iván 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present here the results from a full polarisation study, an important VLBI capability, of a selected set of bright Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), along with the steps required to fully calibrate the Australian Long Baseline Array. We compare strategies for high-precision polarisation measurements using two polarisation correction methods: (1) Linear model and (2) Ellipticity-Orientation model and two data-recording techniques: recording (1) nominally circular polarisation at all stations and (2) mixed polarisation, where all but one station record circular polarisation and the other recorded linear polarisation. The latter is corrected post-correlation. We explored these possible solution to discover which will best accommodate the heterogeneous nature of the Australian Long Baseline Array without impacting on the science results. The targets, all compact and of low polarisation fraction, allow us to compare multiple independent solutions for polarisation characteristics. The results show that the agreement between the two polarisation correction models is excellent. However, the values from Mopra with nominally circular polarisation are larger than would be acceptable. However, we also demonstrate that recording mixed polarisation modes and correcting post-correlation provide a high quality polarisation product. We report on the detailed tests of these strategies and assess that the array is ready for full polarisation operation.
EDICIONES, REIMPRESIONES Y TRADUCCIONES EN ESPAÑOL DEL TRATADO DE ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA DE JEAN BAPTISTE SAY
Authors: Menudo José M. , O’Kean José María 
Published: March 2019

AbstractJean-Baptiste Say’s Traité d’économie politique made a profound impact on Spain in the 19th century due to its prominent influence on parliamentary debate and teaching. Probably due to the success achieved in Spain and the numerous editions and translations into Spanish, certain confusion is perceived in the literature. The aim of this article is to clarify the muddle over the different editions of Say’s Traité in Spanish and also the identity of their translators who, in some cases, were obliged to conceal their names because of the obstacles to press freedom. We also conclude that Say’s translation was part of two publishing projects. A teaching project linked to the Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País and a political project due to the fact the Liberal Triennium allowed the exiles to bring new ideas to policy makers and students.
REPUTATION AND THE PALMER RULE IN THE ORIGINS OF BANKING IN SPAIN
Authors: Blasco-Martel Yolanda 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the reasons why provincial issuing banks in Spain maintained high reserves in the 19thcentury and the effects this had. The introduction of banknotes into the economy meant that convertibility had to be guaranteed. If convertibility was respected, this gave banks a good reputation and made them reliable. The Palmer Rule was a control mechanism stating that a well-managed bank should keep one-third of its liabilities as cash in hand and two-thirds in securities. In Spain the banking system, constituted in the mid-19thcentury, was characterised by a plurality of issuing banks. Regulations required reserves only to secure notes, with no mention of reserve requirements for banks’ other types of liabilities. However, Spanish provincial banks of issue adopted the Palmer Rule. The Bank of Spain did not follow the same path.