bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defects of roofing and roof structure – Apartment house Kaplice
Authors: Dedic Martin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide information on the defects of roofing and roof structure on the Apartment house Kaplice. The roof cover is Beronit fiber-cement template cover and the roof template is 400 x 400 mm (square with corrugated corners). The roof was laid according to the design documentation and documented invoices 10 years ago. The roof as a whole, as a result of very serious defects, does not fulfill its function (protection of the object from weathering). The rainwater penetrates into the attic and affects the wooden elements of the roof structure. Wooden elements of truss construction, in particular, formwork and rafters, in the ridge area, are infested with mold. The Czech Mycological Society confirmed the attack of wood mold elements, testing the samples taken. One sample from the inside face of the roof formwork has higher mold values, and the other sample has even high mold values. The attic space can only be ventilated through the opening windows and the roofing is designed as unpaved. During the ten-year lifetime of the roofing, one repair was carried out, which further aggravated the condition. The detected state of the roof is an emergency and the implemented measure in the form of capturing penetrated water into plastic containers is not enough to stop the deepening of destructive roof processes. Temporary repairs to roof roofing did not benefit, and on the contrary, it is one of the main factors causing cracking and shading of the roofing patterns and thus the penetration of rainwater into the soil.
Hydraulic Stabilization of Heat Network
Authors: Bukowska Maria , Nowak Krzysztof 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article analyzes changes in pressure in the heating network taking into account the variable daily heat consumption. The simulation assumes diversification of heat demand during the day due to significant differences in the distribution of hot water. Taking the decreases in hot water consumption by up to 70%, pressure losses were calculated on the sections of the district heating network. Changes in the flow rate are taken into account. The simulation assumed changes in water flow from 10% to 70% respectively. Completed calculations and results are presented in diagrams drawn up for different amounts of hot water consumption. They allowed determining the size of the changing pressure of the available heat network. Graphs of dependencies between changing flows and the corresponding pressure values illustrate the magnitude of these changes. In the case of central heating, the heat demand is determined in the so-called external air temperature calculation conditions. The heating plant works in accordance with an ordered diagram of heat loads. The amount of heat delivered to the recipient for central heating depends on the outside temperature. It is calculated on the basis of the heat load factor and the average heat demand of individual customers. In relation to the production of hot water, the unevenness of the hot water demand should be taken into account. This variable size, as a result of the day, is described by the hourly diversity factor. For such calculations, daily schedules of hot water consumption are developed. On their basis, the operation of the heat network was analyzed. The heating network section and the hydraulic system of the network were analyzed for existing pressure changes, which are caused by the variability of the heat demand for heating domestic hot water. The calculations and simulations carried out show that the calculated flows, and thus also the pressure losses in the considered network, are variable and depend on the distribution of hot water to consumers. These differences are significant and affect the choice of pumps, which can bring significant financial benefits throughout the year.
The use of forest waste in the energy sector
Authors: Proszak-Miasik Danuta , Rabczak Slawomir 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Forest areas cover almost 30% of the territory of Poland, of which about 70% are coniferous forests, the rest are deciduous and mixed forests. Annually, about 9, 000 trees are cut from these areas, which give about 36 km2 of wood. Analyzing we can assume that we will obtain 10m3 of bark, 15m3 of brushwood, 20m3 of branch and carpinus, 19 m3 of sawdust and 36m3 of sawn timber from 100m3 of wood obtained in the forest. Wood obtained from forest areas is used not only as one of the main construction and industrial materials, but also as an energy raw material. For energetic wood, we include all forms of biomass obtained directly from the forest felling: needles, leaves, carpels, bark, branches, sawdust, shavings, cones and from recovery, crates, pallets, sleepers. The calorific value of the collected samples was examined. As a fuel, it can be used the wood biomass that has not been processed in the form of firewood or fuel, or processed in the form of sawdust, wood chips, briquettes, pellets or wood dust. This publication shows the combustion process of fuel obtained from wood biomass. Factors that influence the calorific value obtained and the value of the heat of combustion are described. The paper presents the results obtained from the incineration of waste obtained from forest areas. The study uses cones and sawdust obtained from the following tree species: fir, poplar, birch and beech. The influence of moisture content in wood as the main factor influencing the calorific value of fuel was also discussed.
Use of technical hemp for concrete - Hempcrete
Authors: Novakova Petra , Sal Jiri 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We live at the time of trying to reduce the carbon footprint, which also involves the production of building insulation. Today’s trend is the construction of passive houses with the best insulation and reduced heating costs. By reducing the incineration of non-renewable sources for heating, we will reduce the carbon footprint, but by increasing the classical building thermal insulation, whether based on plastics or minerals. A suitable option is natural materials. This article deals with the use of technical hemp in concrete. Hemp is a historically widely used plant, but its decline has occurred due to its similarity to the THC variety, so this plant is now more known for its narcotic effects. For use in construction, industry, etc., the Cannabis Sativa L. variety, so-called Technical Hemp with negligible THC content, is used. Today, the use of technical cannabis is rediscovered. By adding technical hemp to the concrete, we improve the thermal properties of the concrete to the detriment of strength properties. The article describes different properties of the hemp concrete compared to the conventional concrete. In the building construction industry, it is known for the use in the cannabis insulation, hemp concrete, hemp oils and varnishes, Honeycomb plaster, ropes and strands. The best known are the cannabis insulation in the form of mats and hemp ropes, but there is also a widespread use of cannabis, which is discussed in this article. By measuring, the compressive strengths of the cannulated concrete were 1.13 MPa, which is comparable to that of the lightweight concrete and foam concrete. From this finding, that hemp concrete can be used as a filler material, nickels as a carrier material. This concrete can be used as a binder, both hydraulic lime and cement. However, when using cement, it is necessary to mineralize the shaker, which is a laborious and long-lasting activity.
Environmental use of waste materials as admixtures in concrete
Authors: Novotny Radimir , Sal Jiri , Ctibor Marek 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHumanity, from prehistoric times, influences the environment in which it lives. Often these are unfortunate negative influences. One of such negative effects is the accumulation of waste. We are an animal species that has always left a lot of waste, food remnants, various tools, remnants of producing these tools, and much more. First, the mankind used resources from which the waste was minimal and which was moreover degradable. As a result of the development of the company, the need for better, more perfect products developed and hand in hand is associated with more waste and non-decomposable or non-decomposable waste. The more humanity is at the higher level of development, the more waste it produces. However, this behavior conflicts with the sustainability of the environment. Fortunately, they are making bigger efforts to recycle the waste, ie re-use of waste materials. Construction is not behind this, and many efforts are being made to use the waste materials in building structures. The best known is the recycling of glass for the production of window glass, for example, but there are many examples. Glass has exceptional properties in this respect because it can be recycled to the infinity. For many substances, it is not possible to find a use other than their primary use. In this article, we are focusing on the re-use of various waste materials as admixtures in concrete. The use of waste materials in concrete is directly available, not only because of the number of concrete structures, but also because of the closure of waste materials in its structure. Some waste materials can be used as fillers, that is to say, substitute aggregates, but they are substances which can also be used as a replacement for a part of a binder, in this case, of cement. The article summarizes the existing use of waste materials in concrete and provides a space for possible detailed research on this concrete.
Effective lambda-proton and lambda-neutron potentials from subthreshold inverse scattering
Authors: Meoto E F , Lekala M L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Potentials are constructed for the lambda-nucleon interaction in the

1

S

0

and

3

S

1

channels. These potentials are recovered from scattering phases below the inelastic threshold through Gel’fand-Levitan-Marchenko theory. Experimental data with good statistics is not available for lambda-nucleon scattering. This leaves theoretical scattering phases as the only option through which the rigorous theory of quantum inverse scattering can be used in probing the lambda-nucleon force. Using rational-function interpolations on the theoretical scattering data, the kernels of the Gel’fand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equation become degenerate, resulting in a closed-form solution. The new potentials restored, which are shown to be unique through the Levinson theorem, bear the expected features of short-range repulsion and intermediate-range attraction. Charge symmetry breaking, which is perceptible in the scattering phases, is preserved in the new potentials. The lambda-nucleon force in the

1

S

0

channel is observed to be stronger than in the

3

S

1

channel, as expected. In addition, the potentials bear certain distinctive features whose effects on hypernuclear systems can be explored through Schrödinger calculations.
Green space suitability evaluation for urban resilience: an analysis of Kathmandu Metropolitan city, Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Shiva 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Unplanned urbanization, demographic and environmental changes have forced many cities into more uncertainty and risk, challenging economic, social, and environmental sustainability. In this context nurturing resilience in the face of various uncertainties of environmental, socioeconomic and other sociopolitical risk is an urgent matter. Resilience has become an important goal for many cities throughout the world leading to the enhancement of urban ecology and maintenance of essential ecosystem goods and services to make sure the sustainable future for all. The Kathmandu metropolitan city is one of the fastest-growing capital cities with recent and frequent evidence of unplanned development, loss of green space, tragic events of an earthquake, flood and other environmental problems causing devastation, economic damages, and loss of human life/health, and habitats. In this background, the paper evaluates suitable sites for urban green space development using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based multi-criteria analysis methods with geographical information system (GIS).Variables taken for this study are school point data, health facility’s location data, emergency service’s locations, water bodies, emergency road network data, recent land use/land cover data, population data, existing park, and slope. The unit of a study is a metropolitan city. Our evaluations demonstrate the spatial distribution of different not suitable areas, less suitable, moderate suitable, and highly suitable area respectively, of the 4.47%, 7.19% of the area are high and moderate suitable area, while the largest area 78.87% is less suitable and 9.47% are not suitable for the development of green open space. The result indicates human occupancy is everywhere and per capita, open green space in the city is very below the global average. The local government must think about different modality for development of green open space in collaboration with other government agency occupying more open space or engagement with private sectors. This finding could contribute a planner for spatial planning of green space development in a Metropolitan City.
Copeptin Levels in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Before and 6 Months After Renal Denervation
Authors: Bosch Agnes , Schmid Axel , Ott Christian , Kannenkeril Dennis , Karg Marina V , Ditting Tilmann , Veelken Roland , Uder Michael , Schmieder Roland E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Copeptin, the C-terminal peptide of provasopressin, is released from the neurohypophysis and reflects the activity of the hormone arginine vasopressin in patients with hypertension. Elevated copeptin levels are associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study is to compare copeptin levels in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) before and 6 months after renal denervation (RDN).

METHODS
Copeptin was measured in 34 patients with TRH and 30 patients with primary hypertension stage 1 or 2 (HT). In addition, copeptin levels were measured in patients with TRH at 6-month follow-up visit after RDN. RDN was performed by an experienced interventionalist applying at least 4 ablations longitudinally and rotationally within the lengths of each renal artery to cover a full 4-quadrant ablation.

RESULTS
In patients with TRH 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) decreased from 154 ± 15/87 ± 12 mm Hg to 146 ± 13/83 ± 7.9 mm Hg after RDN (systolic: P = 0.001, diastolic: P = 0.034). There was no significant change in copeptin levels in these 34 patients with TRH before vs. 6 months after RDN (median 8.4 [interquartile range 3.6–14] vs. 8.5 [4.5–13] pmol/l, P = 0.334). Patients with TRH had higher copeptin levels (P = 0.024) than patients with HT (24-hour ambulatory BP: 142 ± 11/91 ± 8.3 mm Hg, copeptin: 4.2 [2.8–6.3] pmol/l).

CONCLUSION
Patients with TRH showed 2-fold higher copeptin levels than patients with HT. RDN did not lead to any change of copeptin levels in patients with TRH 6 months after procedure despite significant fall in BP.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT01318395, NCT01687725
Aliskiren and the dual complement inhibition concept
Authors: Perez-Gomez Maria Vanessa , Ortiz Alberto 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Plasse et al. report on the use of high-dose aliskiren as an adjunct therapy in a patient treated with eculizumab for haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). This follows the recent description of the complement factor 3 (C3) activating activity of the enzyme renin and the successful therapeutic use of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in three cases of C3 glomerulopathy/dense deposit disease. We discuss the potential clinical and pathophysiological implications of these reports on nephropathies linked to complement, from HUS to C3 glomerulopathy to immunoglobulin A nephropathy as well as the concept of dual complement inhibition for kidney disease.
Strong Purifying Selection Is Associated with Genome Streamlining in Epipelagic Marinimicrobia
Authors: Martinez-Gutierrez Carolina Alejandra , Aylward Frank O 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Marine microorganisms inhabiting nutrient-depleted waters play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles due to their abundance and broad distribution. Many of these microbes share similar genomic features including small genome size, low % G + C content, short intergenic regions, and low nitrogen content in encoded amino acid residue side chains (N-ARSC), but the evolutionary drivers of these characteristics are unclear. Here, we compared the strength of purifying selection across the Marinimicrobia, a candidate phylum which encompasses a broad range of phylogenetic groups with disparate genomic features, by estimating the ratio of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) in conserved marker genes. Our analysis reveals that epipelagic Marinimicrobia that exhibit features consistent with genome streamlining have significantly lower dN/dS values when compared with their mesopelagic counterparts. We also found a significant positive correlation between median dN/dS values and % G + C content, N-ARSC, and intergenic region length. We did not identify a significant correlation between dN/dS ratios and estimated genome size, suggesting the strength of selection is not a primary factor shaping genome size in this group. Our findings are generally consistent with genome streamlining theory, which postulates that many genomic features of abundant epipelagic bacteria are the result of adaptation to oligotrophic nutrient conditions. Our results are also in agreement with previous findings that genome streamlining is common in epipelagic waters, suggesting that microbes inhabiting this region of the ocean have been shaped by strong selection together with prevalent nutritional constraints characteristic of this environment.
Simulation of elastic wave propagation across fractures using a nodal discontinuous Galerkin method—theory, implementation and validation
Authors: Möller T , Friederich W 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARY
An existing nodal discontinuous Galerkin (NDG) method for the simulation of seismic waves in heterogeneous media is extended to media containing fractures with various rheological behaviour. Fractures are treated as 2-D surfaces where Schoenberg’s linear slip or displacement discontinuity condition is applied as an additional boundary condition to the elastic wave equation which is in turn implemented as an additional numerical flux within the NDG formulation. Explicit expressions for the new numerical flux are derived by considering the Riemann problem for the elastic wave equation at fractures with varying rheologies. In all cases, we obtain further first order differential equations that fully describe the temporal evolution of the particle velocity jump at the fracture. Our flux formulation allows to separate the effect of a fracture from flux contributions due to simple welded interfaces enabling us to easily declare element faces as parts of a fracture. We make use of this fact by first generating the numerical mesh and then building up fractures by selecting appropriate element faces instead of adjusting the mesh to pre-defined fracture surfaces. The implementation of the new numerical fluxes into NDG is verified in 1-D by comparison to an analytical solution and in 2-D by comparing the results of a simulation valid in 1-D and 2-D. Further numerical examples address the effect of fracture systems on seismic wave propagation in 1-D and 2-D featuring effective anisotropy and coda generation. Finally, a study of the reflective and transmissive behaviour of fractures indicates that reflection and transmission coefficients are controlled by the ratio of signal frequency and relaxation frequency of the fracture.
Inference of unexploded ordnance (UXO) by probabilistic inversion of magnetic data
Authors: Wigh Mark David , Hansen Thomas Mejer , Døssing Arne 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARY
Magnetic modelling of unexploded ordnance (UXO) is a well-documented method used to interpret magnetic anomalies occurring in UXO excavation surveys. By treating UXO as a ferrous spheroidal object, the induced dipole moment can be estimated by approximation of UXO characteristics such as shape, size and orientation. Inversion of magnetic data with respect to UXO requires one to solve the equation for the induced dipole moment, while also determining the location and orientation of the object. This is a highly nonlinear, non-unique problem, where many solutions often are present, which make it difficult for standard inversion methods, such as linearized approaches and maximum likelihood estimators, in assessing uncertainties and correlations in estimated model parameters that often result in an incomplete solution. In this study, we treat the problem concerning magnetic UXO inversion by a probabilistic approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling. To deal with the potential multimodality, a combination of two well-known McMC sampling methods is employed in a single-chain approach: the extended Metropolis algorithm is used for efficient local sampling, and the Gibbs sampler is used to help exploring the possible multimodal density of the posterior. By adding a Gibbs step we significantly increase the efficiency of the extended Metropolis, making it viable to use as a single-chain sampler for this problem. We refer to the algorithm as the Gibbs-within-Metropolis algorithm. We test and compare the proposed algorithm to a multichain McMC parallel tempering setup using the extended Metropolis algorithm. We then present synthetic cases and a real data case, where the algorithm is used. We demonstrate how the probabilistic approach allows full inference of the parameters describing a UXO while also including the possible presence of remanent magnetization.
Functional assessment of variants associated with Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Riachi Melissa , Yilmaz Sebahat , Kurnaz Erdal , Aycan Zehra , Çetinkaya Semra , Tranebjærg Lisbeth , Rendtorff Nanna Dahl , Bitner-Glindzicz Maria , Bockenhauer Detlef , Hussain Khalid 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a heterogeneous multisystem neurodegenerative disorder with two allelic variations in addition to a separate subtype known as WS type 2. The wide phenotypic spectrum of WS includes diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy which is often accompanied by diabetes insipidus, deafness, urological and neurological complications in combination or in isolation. To date, the understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship in this complex syndrome remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified and explored the functionality of rare and novel variants in the two causative WS genes WFS1 and CISD2 by assessing the effects of the mutations on the encoded proteins Wolframin and ERIS, in a cohort of 12 patients with autosomal recessive WS, dominant WS and WS type 2. The identified pathogenic variants included missense changes, frameshift deletions and insertions in WFS1 and an exonic deletion in CISD2 which all altered the respective encoded protein in a manner that did not correlate to the phenome previously described. These observations suggest the lack of genotype-phenotype correlation in this complex syndrome and the need to explore other molecular genetic mechanisms. Additionally, our findings highlight the importance of functionally assessing variants for their pathogenicity to tackle the problem of increasing variants of unknown significance in the public genetic databases.