bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring for patients on home enteral nutrition: Reported complications by home carers and perspectives of community nurses
Authors: Lim Mei Ling , Yong Bei Yi Paulynn , Mar Mei Qi Maggie , Ang Shin Yuh , Chan Mei Mei , Lam Madeleine , Chong Ngian Choo Janet , Lopez Violeta 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of community nurses and home carers, in caring for patients on home enteral nutrition.BackgroundThe number of patients on home enteral nutrition is on the increase due to advancement in technology and shift in focus of providing care from acute to community care settings.MethodsA mixed‐method approach was adopted. (i) A face‐to‐face survey design was used to elicit experience of carers of patients on home enteral nutrition. (ii) Focus group interviews were conducted with community nurses.ResultsNinety‐nine carers (n = 99) were recruited. Patient's mean age that they cared for was aged 77.7 years (SD = 11.2), and they had been on enteral feeding for a mean of 29 months (SD = 23.0). Most were bed‐bound (90%) and required full assistance with their feeding (99%). Most were not on follow‐up with dietitians (91%) and dentists (96%). The three most common reported gastrointestinal complications were constipation (31%), abdominal distension (28%) and vomiting (22%). Twenty community nurses (n = 20) were recruited for the focus group interviews. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: (i) challenge of accessing allied health services in the community; (ii) shorter length of stay in the acute care setting led to challenges in carers' learning and adaptation; (iii) transition gaps between hospital and home care services; and (iv) managing expectations of family.ConclusionTo facilitate a better transition of care for patients, adequate training for carers, standardising clinical practice in managing patients with home enteral nutrition and improving communication between home care services and the acute care hospitals are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlighted the challenges faced by community home care nurses and carers. Results of this study would help to inform future policies and practice changes that would improve the quality of care received by patients on home enteral nutrition.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in countryside‐dwelling older Chinese patients with hypertension
Authors: Ma Chunhua 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older people with hypertension in rural areas of China and to clarify the predictors influencing depressive symptoms in these patients.BackgroundAlthough many studies have described the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older people, these studies mainly focused on those in urban areas. Few studies explicitly clarify the depressive symptoms of older patients with hypertension in rural China.DesignA cross‐sectional design was adopted for the study.MethodsA convenience sampling method was used to recruit the participants. The data were collected by questionnaire survey from the medical outpatient department of five rural township hospitals in Jinzhong City of Shanxi Province, northern China. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale‐D, social support by the Social Support Rating Scale and activities of daily living by the Barthel Index.ResultsNine hundred forty‐two rural older people with hypertension participated in the study. Of those, 560 patients (59.4%) had no depressive symptoms and 382 (40.6%) had depressive symptoms. The total mean scores of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale‐D for the normal group were 8.45 ± 6.47, and 14.18 ± 5.91 for the group with depressive symptoms; the statistical difference was observed by comparing the mean scores of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale‐D between the two groups (t = 2.18, p = .027). The binary logistic regression showed that the presence of depressive symptoms for older rural participants with hypertension was associated with the following factors: female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.37), unmarried status (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.19–1.65), low household income (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.93), living alone (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.45–1.90), the presence of hypertension complications and comorbid chronic diseases (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.42–0.74; OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.41–0.69), dependent activities of daily living status (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.36–1.64) and low social support (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.57–1.89).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are common among older people with hypertension in rural China. The older patients with hypertension who are liable to have depressive symptoms warrant close attention from medical institutions and governments.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study explores the potential factors related to depressive symptoms, understanding of which can contribute to the development of effective measures to ameliorate depressive symptoms and improve the healthcare outcomes for rural older people with hypertension.
PITFALLS IN CROSS‐SECTION STUDIES WITH INTEGRATED REGRESSORS: A SURVEY AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Bekiros Stelios , Sjö Bo , Sweeney Richard J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn cross‐section studies, if the dependent variable is I(0) but the regressor is I(1), the true slope must be zero in the resulting “unbalanced regression.” A spuriously significant relationship may be found in large cross‐sections, however, if the integrated regressor is related to a stationary variable that enters the DGP but is omitted from the regression. The solution is to search for the related stationary variable, in some cases the first difference of the integrated regressor, in other cases, a categorical variable that can take on limited number of values which depend on the integrated variable. We present an extensive survey, new developments, and applications particularly in finance.
MIMoSA: An Automated Method for Intermodal Segmentation Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Brain Lesions
Authors: Valcarcel Alessandra M. , Linn Kristin A. , Vandekar Simon N. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Muschelli John , Calabresi Peter A. , Pham Dzung L. , Martin Melissa Lynne , Shinohara Russell T. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for in vivo detection and characterization of white matter lesions (WMLs) in multiple sclerosis. While WMLs have been studied for over two decades using MRI, automated segmentation remains challenging. Although the majority of statistical techniques for the automated segmentation of WMLs are based on single imaging modalities, recent advances have used multimodal techniques for identifying WMLs. Complementary modalities emphasize different tissue properties, which help identify interrelated features of lesions.METHODSMethod for Inter‐Modal Segmentation Analysis (MIMoSA), a fully automatic lesion segmentation algorithm that utilizes novel covariance features from intermodal coupling regression in addition to mean structure to model the probability lesion is contained in each voxel, is proposed. MIMoSA was validated by comparison with both expert manual and other automated segmentation methods in two datasets. The first included 98 subjects imaged at Johns Hopkins Hospital in which bootstrap cross‐validation was used to compare the performance of MIMoSA against OASIS and LesionTOADS, two popular automatic segmentation approaches. For a secondary validation, a publicly available data from a segmentation challenge were used for performance benchmarking.RESULTSIn the Johns Hopkins study, MIMoSA yielded average Sørensen‐Dice coefficient (DSC) of .57 and partial AUC of .68 calculated with false positive rates up to 1%. This was superior to performance using OASIS and LesionTOADS. The proposed method also performed competitively in the segmentation challenge dataset.CONCLUSIONMIMoSA resulted in statistically significant improvements in lesion segmentation performance compared with LesionTOADS and OASIS, and performed competitively in an additional validation study.
Effects of personality and gender on self–other agreement in ratings of leadership
Authors: McKee Rob Austin , Lee Yih‐teen , Atwater Leanne , Antonakis John 
Published: March 2018

We explore the role of leader personality (i.e., the Big 5 traits: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism) and gender in self–other (dis)agreement (SOA) in ratings of leadership. We contend that certain aspects of the leader's persona may be more or less related to self‐ or other‐ratings of the leader's behaviour if those aspects are (1) more or less observable by others, (2) more or less related to internal thoughts versus external behaviours, (3) more or less prone to self‐enhancement or self‐denigrating biases, or (4) more or less socially desirable. We utilize statistical methodologies that capture fully the effects of multiple independent variables on the congruence between two dependent variables (Edwards, , Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 64, 307), which previously have not been applied to this area of research. Our results support hypotheses predicting less SOA as leader Conscientiousness increases and greater SOA as Agreeableness and Neuroticism increase. Additionally, we found gender to be an important factor in SOA; female leaders exhibited greater SOA than did their male counterparts. We discuss the implications of these findings, limitations, and future research directions.Practitioner points

Popular practices such as 360‐degree feedback may reveal discrepancies between a person's self‐ratings and other's ratings.

Although often attributed to a lack of self‐awareness, these discrepancies also may be explained by factors such as the personality and gender of the focal individual.
Taking on the boss: Informative contests in prosecutor elections
Authors: McCannon Bryan C. , Pruitt Joylynn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe United States is unique in that most states select their prosecutors using popular election. An interesting feature of prosecutor elections is that the pool of potential challengers to an incumbent comes primarily from subordinates within the office. We develop a signaling model that analyzes whether entry into the political race by a subordinate provides voters with useful information. We challenge the commonly held presumption that the election mechanism is ineffective. Exploring the decision of an insider to challenge the boss, we demonstrate that a challenger can strategically convey information about the incumbent's quality by entering the race. Anticipating this, poor incumbents exit. Thus, the model matches empirical observations of rare contested elections and rather modest vacancy rates. Compared to the situation where outsiders challenge the incumbent, the election mechanism is effective.
Integrated analysis of long noncoding RNA‐associated competing endogenous RNA network in periodontitis
Authors: Li S. , Liu X. , Li H. , Pan H. , Acharya A. , Deng Y. , Yu Y. , Haak R. , Schmidt J. , Schmalz G. , Ziebolz D. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical and complex roles in regulating various biological processes of periodontitis. This bioinformatic study aims to construct a putative competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network by integrating lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression, based on high‐throughput RNA sequencing and microarray data about periodontitis.Material and MethodsData from 1 miRNA and 3 mRNA expression profiles were obtained to construct the lncRNA‐associated ceRNA network. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and pathway analysis were performed using the Gene Ontology website and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. A protein‐protein interaction network was constructed based on the Search Tool for the retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins. Transcription factors (TFs) of differentially expressed genes were identified based on TRANSFAC database and then a regulatory network was constructed.ResultsThrough constructing the dysregulated ceRNA network, 6 genes (HSPA4L, PANK3, YOD1, CTNNBIP1, EVI2B, ITGAL) and 3 miRNAs (miR‐125a‐3p, miR‐200a, miR‐142‐3p) were detected. Three lncRNAs (MALAT1, TUG1, FGD5‐AS1) were found to target both miR‐125a‐3p and miR‐142‐3p in this ceRNA network. Protein‐protein interaction network analysis identified several hub genes, including VCAM1, ITGA4, UBC, LYN and SSX2IP. Three pathways (cytokine‐cytokine receptor, cell adhesion molecules, chemokine signaling pathway) were identified to be overlapping results with the previous bioinformatics studies in periodontitis. Moreover, 2 TFs including FOS and EGR were identified to be involved in the regulatory network of the differentially expressed genes‐TFs in periodontitis.ConclusionThese findings suggest that 6 mRNAs (HSPA4L, PANK3, YOD1, CTNNBIP1, EVI2B, ITGAL), 3 miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐125a‐3p, hsa‐miR‐200a, hsa‐miR‐142‐3p) and 3 lncRNAs (MALAT1, TUG1, FGD5‐AS1) might be involved in the lncRNA‐associated ceRNA network of periodontitis. This study sought to illuminate further the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of periodontitis through constructing an lncRNA‐associated ceRNA network.
Isochorismate‐based salicylic acid biosynthesis confers basal resistance to Fusarium graminearum in barley
Authors: Hao Qunqun , Wang Wenqiang , Han Xiuli , Wu Jingzheng , Lyu Bo , Chen Fengjuan , Caplan Allan , Li Caixia , Wu Jiajie , Wang Wei , Xu Qian , Fu Daolin 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYSalicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in signal transduction and disease resistance. In Arabidopsis, SA can be made by either of two biosynthetic branches, one involving isochorismate synthase (ICS) and the other involving phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL). However, the biosynthetic pathway and the importance of SA remain largely unknown in Triticeae. Here, we cloned one ICS and seven PAL genes from barley, and studied their functions by their overexpression and suppression in that plant. Suppression of the ICS gene significantly delayed plant growth, whereas PAL genes, both overexpressed and suppressed, had no significant effect on plant growth. Similarly, suppression of ICS compromised plant resistance to Fusarium graminearum, whereas similar suppression of PAL genes had no significant effect. We then focused on transgenic plants with ICS. In a leaf‐based test with F. graminearum, transgenic plants with an up‐regulated ICS were comparable with wild‐type control plants. By contrast, transgenic plants with a suppressed ICS lost the ability to accumulate SA during pathogen infection and were also more susceptible to Fusarium than the wild‐type controls. This suggests that ICS plays a unique role in SA biosynthesis in barley, which, in turn, confers a basal resistance to F. graminearum by modulating the accumulation of H2O2,
and reactive oxygen‐associated enzymatic activities. Although SA mediates systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in dicots, there was no comparable SAR response to F. graminearum in barley. This study expands our knowledge about SA biosynthesis in barley and proves that SA confers basal resistance to fungal pathogens.
In vivo quantification of plant starch reserves at micrometer resolution using X‐ray microCT imaging and machine learning
Authors: Earles J. Mason , Knipfer Thorsten , Tixier Aude , Orozco Jessica , Reyes Clarissa , Zwieniecki Maciej A. , Brodersen Craig R. , McElrone Andrew J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Starch is the primary energy storage molecule used by most terrestrial plants to fuel respiration and growth during periods of limited to no photosynthesis, and its depletion can drive plant mortality. Destructive techniques at coarse spatial scales exist to quantify starch, but these techniques face methodological challenges that can lead to uncertainty about the lability of tissue‐specific starch pools and their role in plant survival.

Here, we demonstrate how X‐ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) and a machine learning algorithm can be coupled to quantify plant starch content in vivo, repeatedly and nondestructively over time in grapevine stems (Vitis spp.).

Starch content estimated for xylem axial and ray parenchyma cells from microCT images was correlated strongly with enzymatically measured bulk‐tissue starch concentration on the same stems. After validating our machine learning algorithm, we then characterized the spatial distribution of starch concentration in living stems at micrometer resolution, and identified starch depletion in live plants under experimental conditions designed to halt photosynthesis and starch production, initiating the drawdown of stored starch pools.

Using X‐ray microCT technology for in vivo starch monitoring should enable novel research directed at resolving the spatial and temporal patterns of starch accumulation and depletion in woody plant species.
Attempted salvage of infected cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: Are there clinical factors that predict success?
Authors: Peacock James E. , Stafford Jeanette M. , Le Katherine , Sohail Muhammad Rizwan , Baddour Larry M. , Prutkin Jordan M. , Danik Stephan B. , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Hernandez‐Meneses Marta , Miró José M. , Blank Elisabeth , Naber Christoph K. , Carrillo Roger G. , Greenspon Arnold J. , Tseng Chi‐Hong , Uslan Daniel Z. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPublished guidelines mandate complete device removal in cases of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection. Clinical predictors of successful salvage of infected CIEDs have not been defined.MethodsData from the Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Collaboration, a prospective, observational, multinational cohort study of CIED infection, were used to investigate whether clinical predictors of successful salvage of infected devices could be identified.ResultsOf 433 adult patients with CIED infections, 306 (71%) underwent immediate device explantation. Medical management with device retention and antimicrobial therapy was initially attempted in 127 patients (29%). “Early failure” of attempted salvage occurred in 74 patients (58%) who subsequently underwent device explantation during the index hospitalization. The remaining 53 patients (42%) in the attempted salvage group retained their CIED. Twenty‐six (49%) had resolution of CIED infection (successful salvage group) whereas 27 patients (51%) experienced “late” salvage failure. Upon comparing the salvage failure group, early and late (N = 101), to the group experiencing successful salvage of an infected CIED (N = 26), no clinical or laboratory predictors of successful salvage were identified. However, by univariate analysis, coagulase‐negative staphylococci as infecting pathogens (P = 0.0439) and the presence of a lead vegetation (P = 0.024) were associated with overall failed salvage.ConclusionsIn patients with definite CIED infections, clinical and laboratory variables cannot predict successful device salvage. Until new data are forthcoming, device explantation should remain a mandatory and early management intervention in patients with CIED infection in keeping with existing expert guidelines unless medical contraindications exist or patients refuse device removal.
External implantable defibrillator as a bridge to reimplant after explant for infection: Experience from two centers
Authors: Dell'Era Gabriele , Ziacchi Matteo , Prenna Eleonora , Diemberger Igor , Varalda Marco , Martignani Cristian , Guerra Federico , Biffi Mauro , Occhetta Eraldo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe management of patients explanted for implantable converter defibrillator (ICD) infections may be complex when anti‐bradycardia pacing and tachyarrhythmia protection are needed. We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of a conventional ICD externally connected to a transvenous dual‐coil lead as bridging therapy before the reimplantation.Methods and resultsWe enrolled seven patients explanted for ICD infections and needed prolonged antibiotic therapy in two high‐volume hospitals in Italy and treated them with a passive‐can external ICD for a mean of 13 (4–30) days before reimplant. One patient experienced an electrical storm, efficaciously recognized by the external ICD and treated with antitachycardia pacing and shocks. On‐demand pacing was granted for all the patients. No device‐related complications were reported.ConclusionsAn external ICD seems safe and efficacious as a bridge to reimplant in patients explanted for ICD infections.
Epidural Abscess During a Spinal Cord Stimulator Trial: A Case Report
Authors: Wetherington Brian , Khan Talal W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) can be beneficial for low back and radicular pain. A short trial of SCS evaluates the potential effectiveness of this therapy for a specific patient, while also decreasing the likelihood of a failed permanent implant. While rare, an epidural abscess is difficult to diagnose based on its nonspecific and unreliable clinical presentation.CaseWe present a case of an acute‐onset methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus epidural abscess 72 to 96 hours into a trial of a percutaneous spinal cord stimulator. The patient had no prior medical history of an immunocompromised state or other significant risk factors.DiscussionAn epidural abscess can rapidly arise from an SCS trial despite strict aseptic technique and prophylactic pre‐procedural antibiotics. Spinal epidural abscesses are being detected earlier, and an increasing number of patients are being managed medically. However, it may be challenging to differentiate focal back pain from acute or chronic pain, expected post‐procedural pain, and a new entity such as an abscess.
Giving dyadic data analysis away: A user‐friendly app for actor–partner interdependence models
Authors: STAS LARA , KENNY DAVID A. , MAYER AXEL , LOEYS TOM 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) is widely used for analyzing dyadic data. Although dyadic research has become immensely popular, its statistical complexity can be a barrier. To remedy this, a free user‐friendly web application, called APIM_SEM, has been developed. This app automatically performs the statistical analyses (i.e., structural equation modeling) of both simple and complex APIMs. It allows the researcher to analyze distinguishable or indistinguishable dyads, to examine dyadic patterns, to estimate actor and partner effects of one or two predictors, and to control for covariates. Results are provided in software and text format, complemented by summary tables and figures. As an illustration, the effect of perception of the partner on satisfaction is assessed by fitting APIMs with varying complexity.