bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Genome Assembly of a Neotropical Mutualistic Ant
Authors: Hartke Juliane , Schell Tilman , Jongepier Evelien , Schmidt Hanno , Sprenger Philipp P , Paule Juraj , Bornberg-Bauer Erich , Schmitt Thomas , Menzel Florian , Pfenninger Markus , Feldmeyer Barbara 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The success of social insects is largely intertwined with their highly advanced chemical communication system that facilitates recognition and discrimination of species and nest-mates, recruitment, and division of labor. Hydrocarbons, which cover the cuticle of insects, not only serve as waterproofing agents but also constitute a major component of this communication system. Two cryptic Crematogaster species, which share their nest with Camponotus ants, show striking diversity in their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile. This mutualistic system therefore offers a great opportunity to study the genetic basis of CHC divergence between sister species. As a basis for further genome-wide studies high-quality genomes are needed. Here, we present the annotated draft genome for Crematogaster levior A. By combining the three most commonly used sequencing techniques—Illumina, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore—we constructed a high-quality de novo ant genome. We show that even low coverage of long reads can add significantly to overall genome contiguity. Annotation of desaturase and elongase genes, which play a role in CHC biosynthesis revealed one of the largest repertoires in ants and a higher number of desaturases in general than in other Hymenoptera. This may provide a mechanistic explanation for the high diversity observed in C. levior CHC profiles.
“Rising” States and Global Reach: Measuring “Globality” among BRICS/MIKTA Countries
Authors: Cooper Andrew F 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlobal reach is equated with national ambition. In the contemporary international system, one measure of global reach for states is their inclusion in global summits. This association is particularly compelling for putative “rising” states from the Global South, among the BRICS (China, India, and Brazil) and also a less well-known forum, MIKTA (Mexico, South Korea, Turkey, and Indonesia) groupings. Yet the standard means of examining the attributes of rising states via country specific and impressionistic studies appears to reveal that these rising powers are similar in many respects but there are significant differences as well. To help identify these differences we turn to a concept and data referred to as “globality.” We believe that this concept is helpful in more accurately analyzing the global reach of rising Global South countries. Though not that well known in the international relations literature, globality emphasizes agency by self-aware actors. Globality can be operationalized by tracing certain dimensions: institutional/diplomatic range; trade profile; and the trajectory of official development assistance. Broadly, the conclusion drawn from such a globality analysis substantiates a sharp distinction between the BRICS members and the MIKTA countries. The BRICS countries have some considerable capacity for global reach while it turns out that the MIKTA countries are regionally entrapped and thus less capable of global projection. Moreover, the specifics in terms of this pattern of differentiation are salient as well. The overall confirmation of an interconnection between subjective impressions of hierarchy and objective measurements of global projection, underscore the contrast between BRICS and MIKTA in summitry dynamics.
Effect of Irradiating Puparia of Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Adult Survival and Fecundity for Sterile Insect Technique and Quarantine Purposes
Authors: Yusof Suhana , Mohamad Dzomir Ahmad Zainuri , Yaakop Salmah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on survivability (adult emergence, sex ratio, adult longevity), fecundity (eggs hatchability, number of eggs produced), and morphological differences in the size of the ovary and testes of unirradiated and irradiated adults of Oriental fruit fly [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)]. A dose of 100 Gy was determined as the minimum needed for inhibitory effects against B. dorsalis that would not deter adult emergence, sex ratio (male:female), and adult longevity, with 82.6 ±7.02, 1:1.09, and 107 ± 24.5, respectively. Doses from 50 to 400 Gy range did not completely prevent the adult emergence; however, the emergence decreased by increasing the radiation dose. Adult survivability significantly decreased among all the treatment groups of B. dorsalis, except for the 50 Gy and unirradiated flies. At a dose of 50 Gy, fertile females showed a significant reduction in fecundity by not producing eggs after mating with the sterile males. Meanwhile, the number of eggs laid decreased with increasing dose and no fertile egg was hatched starting at 100 Gy of irradiation. Testes and ovaries of 20-d old flies irradiated as pupae were smaller than those of control flies. In this study, 100 Gy was concluded as the minimum effective dose for the disinfestation and sterilization of B. dorsalis puparia. Results represent new findings used as a basis for sterile insect technique and quarantine programs for managing B. dorsalis, particularly in Malaysia.
Endogenous Partial Insurance and Inequality
Authors: Mengus Eric , Pancrazi Roberto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a model of endogenous partial insurance and we investigate its implications for macroeconomic outcomes, such as wealth inequality, asset accumulation, interest rate, and consumption smoothing. To this end, we include participation costs to state-contingent asset markets into an otherwise standard Aiyagari (1994) model. We highlight the resulting nonmonotonic relationship between wealth and insurance-market participation when insurance is costly. Poor households remain uninsured, middle-class households participate in the insurance market, whereas rich households decide to self-insure by only purchasing risk-free assets. After theoretically characterizing the endogenous partial insurance equilibrium, we quantify its effect, emphasizing the roles of a participation channel and an interest rate channel.
Wedge resection versus segmentectomy in patients with stage I non–small-cell lung cancer unfit for lobectomy
Authors: Tsutani Yasuhiro , Kagimoto Atsushi , Handa Yoshinori , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
The present study aimed to compare the outcomes of wedge resection and segmentectomy in patients with clinical stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were unfit for lobectomy.

Methods
Between April 2007 and December 2015, 99 patients with stage I NSCLC who were considered unfit for lobectomy and had undergone sublobar resection were identified. Propensity scores were estimated for multivariable analyses, and surgical outcomes were compared between patients who underwent wedge resection and those who underwent segmentectomy.

Results
Sixty patients underwent wedge resection and 39 underwent segmentectomy. Severe postoperative complications (&gt;Grade IIIa) were more frequent in segmentectomy (15.4%) than in wedge resection (3.3%, P = 0.054). Propensity score-adjusted multivariable analysis revealed that operative procedure was an independent predictive factor for severe postoperative complication (segmentectomy, odds ratio = 8.18; P = 0.021). Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were not significantly different between wedge resection (5-year OS, 61.3%, 5-year RFS, 49.4%) and segmentectomy (5-year OS, 68.2%, 5-year RFS, 56.8 %, P = 0.95, P = 0.93, respectively). Propensity score-adjusted multivariable Cox analysis revealed that operative procedure was not an independent factor for OS (segmentectomy, hazard ratio = 1.21, P = 0.62) or RFS (segmentectomy, hazard ratio = 1.07, P = 0.84).

Conclusion
Segmentectomy was more toxic but failed to show the superiority of survival compared with wedge resection. Wedge resection may be the optimal procedure for patients with clinical stage I NSCLC who are considered to be unfit for lobectomy.
Testing the Ability of Airborne LiDAR to Measure Forage Resources for Wild Ungulates in Conifer Forests
Authors: Hull Iver T , Shipley Lisa A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVegetation in the forest understory is a key food resource for wild ungulates like deer (Odocoileus spp.) because the amount of nutritious forage influences animal productivity and density. Therefore, measuring the abundance of understory vegetation available to wildlife populations is often a key objective for wildlife managers. Field-based methods for measuring understory vegetation across remote landscapes are time- and resource-intensive, so we compared estimates of understory vegetation density derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) returns with vegetation biomass sampled directly on 65 field plots across 4 years and >250,000 hectares of xeric conifer forests in northeastern Washington. We found that LiDAR-derived estimates of understory vegetation density were only able to predict field-sampled vegetation biomass when the two sampling methods occurred within 3 years of each other, and overstory canopy cover was <50 percent. Our results demonstrate limitations in the ability of LiDAR, at the intensity and frequency currently applied for multiuse purposes, to measure the quantity of forage. However, further testing with synchronous field sampling and higher-density laser pulses holds promise.
Evolution of the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway in Animals
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Yuan Dongwei , Xie Jun , Lei Yongxing , Li Jianguo , Fang Gangqi , Tian Ling , Liu Jiacheng , Cui Yingying , Zhang Min , Xiao Youli , Xu Yongzhen , Zhang Jianzhen , Zhu Maoyan , Zhan Shuai , Li Sheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCholesterol plays essential roles in animal development and disease progression. Here, we characterize the evolutionary pattern of the canonical cholesterol biosynthesis pathway (CBP) in the animal kingdom using both genome-wide analyses and functional experiments. CBP genes in the basal metazoans were inherited from their last common eukaryotic ancestor and evolutionarily conserved for cholesterol biosynthesis. The genomes of both the basal metazoans and deuterostomes retain almost the full set of CBP genes, while Cnidaria and many protostomes have independently experienced multiple massive losses of CBP genes that might be due to the geologic events during the Ediacaran period, such as the appearance of an exogenous sterol supply and the frequent perturbation of ocean oxygenation. Meanwhile, the indispensable utilization processes of cholesterol potentially strengthened the maintenance of the complete set of CBP genes in vertebrates. These results strengthen both biotic and abiotic roles in the macroevolution of a biosynthesis pathway in animals.
Identification of subsets of IDH-mutant glioblastomas with distinct epigenetic and copy number alterations and stratified clinical risks
Authors: Li Kay Ka-Wai , Shi Zhi-Feng , Malta Tathiane M , Chan Aden Ka-Yin , Cheng Shaz , Kwan Johnny Sheung Him , Yang Rui Ryan , Poon Wai Sang , Mao Ying , Noushmehr Houtan , Chen Hong , Ng Ho-Keung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIDH-mutant glioblastoma is classified by the 2016 CNS WHO as a group with good prognosis. However, the actual number of cases examined in the literature is relatively small. We hypothesize that IDH-mutant glioblastoma is not a uniform group and should be further stratified.MethodsWe conducted methylation profiles and estimated copy number variations of 57 IDH-mutant glioblastomas.ResultsOur results showed that 59.6% and 40.4% of tumors belonged to glioma-CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP)-high and G-CIMP-low methylation subgroups, respectively. G-CIMP-low subgroup was associated with significantly worse overall survival (OS) as compared to G-CIMP-high (P = .005). CDKN2A deletion (42.1%) was the most common gene copy number variation, and was significantly associated with G-CIMP-low subgroup (P = .004). Other frequent copy number changes included mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) (5.3%), CCND2 (19.3%), PDGFRA (14.0%), CDK4 (12.3%), and EGFR (12.3%) amplification. Both CDKN2A deletion (P = .036) and MET amplification (P &lt; .001) were associated with poor OS in IDH-mutant glioblastomas. Combined epigenetic signature and gene copy number variations separated IDH-mutant glioblastomas into Group 1 (G-CIMP-high), Group 2 (G-CIMP-low without CDKN2A nor MET alteration), and Group 3 (G-CIMP-low with CDKN2A and/or MET alteration). Survival analysis revealed Groups 1 and 2 exhibited a favorable OS (median survival: 619 d [20.6 mo] and 655 d [21.8 mo], respectively). Group 3 exhibited a significant shorter OS (median survival: 252 d [8.4 mo]). Multivariable analysis confirmed the independent prognostic significance of our Groups.ConclusionsIDH-mutant glioblastomas should be stratified for risk with combined epigenetic signature and CDKN2A/MET status and some cases have poor outcome.
Impact of volume of irradiation on survival and quality of life in glioblastoma: a prospective, phase 2, randomized comparison of RTOG and MDACC protocols
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Kumar Ridu , Sharma Suresh C , Mukherjee Anindya , Khandelwal Niranjan , Tripathi Manjul , Miriyala Raviteja , Oinam Arun S , Madan Renu , Yadav Budhi S , Khosla Divya , Kapoor Rakesh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Though conformal partial-brain irradiation is the standard adjuvant treatment for glioblastoma, there is no consensus regarding the optimal volume that needs to be irradiated. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) guidelines differ from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) in their approach toward peritumoral edema, whereas RTOG and MDACC guidelines differ from EORTC in the concept of boost phase. A scarcity of randomized comparisons has resulted in remarkable variance in practice among institutions.

Methods
Fifty glioblastoma patients were randomized to receive adjuvant radiotherapy using RTOG or MDACC protocols. Apart from dosimetric and volumetric analysis, acute toxicities, recurrence patterns, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and quality of life (QoL) were compared using appropriate statistical tests.

Results
Both groups were comparable with respect to demographic characteristics. Dosimetric analysis revealed significantly lower boost-phase planning treatment volumes and V60 Gy in the MDACC arm (chi-squared, P = .001 and .013, respectively). No significant differences were observed in doses with respect to organs at risk, acute toxicity, or recurrence patterns (chi-squared, P &gt; .05). On the log-rank test, median PFS (8.8 months vs 6.1 months, P = .043) and OS (17 months vs 12 months, P = .015) were statistically superior in the MDACC group.
Age, extent of resection, and proportion of whole brain receiving prescription dose were associated with improved PFS and OS on regression analysis. QoL of patients was significantly better in the MDACC group in all domains except cognitive, as assessed with the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and Brain Cancer Module (QLQ-BN20) (general linear model, P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Use of limited-margin MDACC protocol can potentially improve survival outcomes apart from QoL of glioblastoma patients, as compared with the RTOG protocol.
A Rare Association between Myasthenia Gravis and a Growth Hormone Secreting Pituitary Macroadenoma: A Single Case Report
Authors: Farfouti M T , Ghabally M , Roumieh G , Farou S , Shakkour M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Although it is well known that patients with myasthenia gravis have a higher incidence of other autoimmune disorders, however, its association with pituitary adenomas is extremely rare. We believe that our case represents the 8th of this association and the 2nd case involving a GH-secreting adenoma. Here we report a case of a 45-year old Syrian woman who presented with typical complaints of myasthenia gravis as she was suffering from variable painless and effort-related dysphagia and dysarthria. Her complaints became more evident at the end of the day, while acromegaly only manifested as a 4-month history of headache and a special facies that was noted by the physician. Brain MRI scan demonstrated a 3.21 x 2.42 x 2.35 cm pituitary mass for which the patient underwent a trans-sphenoidal pituitary tumor resection. In addition, postoperative histopathological investigations confirmed the diagnosis of a GH-secreting macroadenoma. On following up, it was observed that her myasthenic symptoms improved significantly on Pyridostigmin and Prednisolone. In conclusion, the presence of headache in a myasthenic patient should raise the attention for other underlying causes including pituitary tumors.
Cytopenias among patients with rheumatic diseases using methotrexate: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Vanni Kathleen M M , Lyu Houchen , Solomon Daniel H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of anaemia, leucopoenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia associated with MTX plus folic acid among patients with rheumatic diseases.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE through August 2016 for all randomized controlled clinical trials with a MTX monotherapy arm. We excluded randomized controlled clinical trials for cancer and included only double-blind studies that reported on haematologic adverse events. Studies were excluded if patients did not receive folic acid or leucovorin supplementation. Full text articles were assessed by two independent reviewers. Incidence estimates were calculated using random-effects models.

Results
Of 1601 studies identified, 30 (1.87%) were included, representing 3858 patients; all had RA. Seventeen trials reported on anaemia (n = 2032), 17 reported on leucopoenia (n = 2220), 16 reported on neutropenia (n = 2202) and 12 reported on thrombocytopenia (n = 1507). The incidence for any anaemia was 2.55% (95% CI 0.60–5.47%), any leucopoenia 1.17% (95% CI 0.16–2.80%), any neutropenia 1.77% (95% CI 0.33–4.00%), and any thrombocytopenia 0.19% (95% CI 0.00–0.86%). Four cases of severe anaemia were reported, as defined by authors, along with three cases of severe neutropenia. No cases of severe leucopoenia, severe thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia were reported.

Conclusion
Cytopenias are an uncommon side effect of low-dose MTX with folic acid supplementation among RA patients. Further research is needed to reach a more precise estimate.
Anaphylaxis in adolescents
Authors: Comberiati Pasquale , Spahn Joseph , Peroni Diego G. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
The frequency of hospitalization for anaphylaxis has increased over the last 20 years across Europe, Australia, and North America, particularly, for food and medication triggers. Adolescents show the highest risk for morbidity and fatality from food-induced anaphylaxis, yet there is little high-quality evidence addressing the reasons for this disproportionate vulnerability.

Recent findings
Recent data seem to suggest a possible increasing burden of food-induced anaphylaxis among adolescents. Trends in anaphylaxis mortality are stable in North America and the United Kingdom, but not in Australia where the incidence of fatal anaphylaxis has recently doubled. The age distribution of fatal anaphylaxis varies according to the nature of the culprit trigger, with data suggesting an age-related predisposition to fatal food anaphylaxis in adolescents and young adults. Adolescence represents a critical phase of transition when rapid and substantial physical, emotional, and social changes occur. Therefore, adolescents show challenges in self-management that are different from other age groups, contributing to a higher risk of poor anaphylaxis outcomes.

Summary
The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data on epidemiology and elicitors of anaphylaxis in adolescents and to address currently known barriers and potential facilitators to self-management of anaphylaxis in this vulnerable age group.
Genicular nerve ablation: a systematic review of procedure outcomes for chronic knee pain
Authors: Zeitlinger Lauren , Kopinski Judith , DiPasquale Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Chronic pain caused by knee osteoarthritis is becoming more common among the elderly. Furthermore, patients who would otherwise benefit from total joint arthroplasty are not candidates for surgery due to increasingly high rates of obesity and diabetes. Genicular nerve ablation has become an attractive alternative to arthroplasty in these patients. This systematic review sought to assess the effectiveness and safety of genicular nerve ablation.

Methods:
A literature search of PubMed, Medline, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies performing genicular nerve ablation with radiofrequency. Clinical and patient-centric outcomes were obtained.

Results:
Eleven studies and 194 knees were included in this analysis. Our review revealed that visual analog pain scores decreased from an average score of 8/10 to 1.9/10, 2.3/10, 2/10, and 4/10 at 3, 6, and 12 mo after genicular ablation, respectively. Additionally, Oxford Knee Scores and scores on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index showed improvements that were sustained at least up to 12 wk and 1 yr, respectively. There were very few procedural complications.

Conclusions:
Genicular nerve ablation with radiofrequency has demonstrated favorable outcomes with low complication rates.
Orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons’ approach to elective surgery in the smoking patient population: a survey study
Authors: Hames Michael A. , Dean Erin Prewitt , Ishikawa Susan N. , Murphy G. Andrew , Richardson David R. 
Published: July 2019

Background:The changes in healthcare by which physicians may be rewarded or fined based on outcomes compared with national average outcomes give surgeons more incentive to engage patients in practices that will improve results. Smoking cessation has been linked to improvements in surgical outcomes, and the perioperative period may offer the greatest opportunity to achieve cessation. The purpose of this study was to assess the approach of orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons to smoking patients with foot and ankle conditions.Methods:An e-mail was sent to members of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) with an embedded link to a survey that allowed anonymous responses. Responses were collected during several time points. The survey questions yielded categorical answers that were either dichotomous or multiple choice.Results:Of 1892 possible respondents, 785 participated in the survey, an overall response rate of 41.5%. Some questions had fewer responses dependent on answering yes or no to a previous question. Seven hundred and eight (91.5%) of 774 surgeons reported worse outcomes in smokers; 437 (60.4%) of 724 reported counseling all smoking patients, and 696 (96.5%) of 721 when planning surgery; 616 (79.2%) of 778 would delay or deny surgery based on tobacco use; and 321 (49.5%) of 648 never check systemic nicotine levels preoperatively, 50 (7.7%) always check before surgery, 57 (8.8%) check frequently, and 34% check only rarely or on occasion.Conclusions:Achieving smoking cessation is an important factor in reducing perioperative complications and improving outcomes. Orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons recognize this and most are likely to delay bony procedures at least 4 wk to allow cessation. Most foot and ankle surgeons counsel their smoking patients to quit before surgery, but many do not use other promising options (such as nicotine replacement and supervised cessation programs) to achieve this goal.Level of Evidence:Level IV, case study.