bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Properties of MIL‐100(Fe) Derived Double‐Shell Coating Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Kai , Zeng Min , Xie Ziying , Ding Ling , Jiang MinXiang , Tang ZhiWen , Li Jing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFe‐based anode materials with a high specific capacity, non‐toxic and abundant resources are among the ideal anode candidates for the new generation of LIBs. But their significant bulk effect causes the problems of the broken electrode structure and short cycle life that seriously hinder their practical applications. Herein, we prepared the core‐shell structure Fe3O4@C@SiO2 for the anode of LIBs by MIL‐101(Fe) derivatization using the solvent thermal method combined with the hydrolytic coating method. The porous carbon layer generated in situ by MOF pyrolysis, together with the coating of the SiO2 shell, can mitigate the volume expansion of ferric tetroxide during the cycling process. With these structural advantages, the Fe3O4@C@SiO2 anode preserves excellent performance with a specific capacity of 716 mAh/g for the 300 cycles at 1 A/g and 428 mAh/g after 2000 cycles as the density is up to 5 A/g. This work presents a promising approach for preparing SiO2‐coated core‐shell structured TMOs composite anodes.
Formamidinium Lead Iodide‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication With an Electrospun‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Back Electrode: A Novel Approach
Authors: Velu Kuppu Sakthi , Mohandoss Sonaimuthu , Aslam Mohammad , Manimekalai Alagumalai , Ahmad Naushad , Sun Seho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this work, low‐cost and simple structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated using formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) as the light absorber and reduced graphene oxide nanofibers (rGO NFs) as the counter electrode (CE). The FAPbI3 light absorber was prepared using a two‐step solution process, whereas the rGO NFs were synthesized through a simple electrospinning method. The as‐prepared FAPbI3 and rGO NFs were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis. The surface morphology of the as‐prepared FAPbI3 and rGO NFs showed crystalline and bead‐free fiber structures, as confirmed by HRTEM and FESEM image analysis. The AFM topographical images of FAPbI3 and rGO NFs further reveal the crystalline and fiber structures. XRD pattern analysis confirmed the cubic crystalline phase of FAPbI3 and the graphitic nature of rGO NFs. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies, the PSC assembled with the FAPbI3 light absorber and rGO NFs‐based CE demonstrated an electrical conductivity of 3.64 × 10−4 S cm−1. The fabricated PSC device achieved an efficiency of 8.78% compared to the 7.49% efficiency of the device with a sputtered gold CE. This work uniquely integrates advanced materials, cost‐effective manufacturing, and enhanced efficiency in PSCs using FAPbI3 light absorbers and rGO NFs, addressing key challenges in cost and sustainability in solar technology.
Synergy of Nanocrystallinity, Temperature, and “the Third Element Effect” for Uncommon Oxidation Resistance of Fe‐Cr‐Al Alloys
Authors: Raman R. K. Singh , Kumar Rajiv , Bakshi S. R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNanocrystalline structure, oxidation temperature, and “The Third Element Effect” are among the factors that can profoundly govern the characteristics of the oxide scales that develop on oxidation‐resistant alloys, thereby, their synergistic effect can considerably influence alloys’ oxidation kinetics. As a result of the synergy, certain iron‐chromium‐aluminium (Fe‐Cr‐Al) alloy showed superior oxidation resistance at 800 °C than at 700 °C (whereas oxidation resistance commonly decreases with the increase in temperature). The superior resistance at higher temperatures is considerably enhanced when the structure of the alloy is nanocrystalline vis‐à‐vis the common microcrystalline structure. Nanocrystalline alloy oxidizes at a negligible rate (c.f., its microcrystalline counterpart). The characterization of the oxide scale demonstrates that the oxidation temperature governs the formation of the protective oxide scale with/without the assistance of the “Third element Effect”. The findings may potentially have considerable commercial implications.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yu Yunru , Zhang Changqing , Yang Xin , Sun Lingyu , Bian Feika 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles have attracted great attention and become promising candidates in the biomedicine field due to their special physicochemical properties. They are generally divided into metallic and non‐metallic magnetic nanoparticles, according to their compositions. Both of the two types have shown practical values in biomedicine applications, such as drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and so on. Research efforts are devoted to the improvement of synthesis strategies to achieve magnetic nanoparticles with controllable morphology, diverse composition, active surface, or multiple functions. Taking high repeatability, programmable operation, precise fluid control, and simple device into account, the microfluidics system can expand the production scale and develop magnetic nanoparticles with desired features. This review will first describe different classifications of promising magnetic nanoparticles, followed by the advancements in microfluidic synthesis and the latest biomedical applications of these magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the challenges and prospects of magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedical field are also discussed.
Dynamic fractal organizations—A boundaries based‐view of knowledge
Authors: Kodama Mitsuru 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCollective phronesis is the collection of the best‐distributed phronesis of humans and is also integrated phronesis for all management that combines the collective wisdom of individuals within and even between organizations. In a good organization, rather than only certain heroes with phronesis creating new knowledge, phronesis is organized to realize innovation by bringing together the high‐quality wisdom and practical power of various practitioners at all levels of the organization, as well as in its customers and partners. This makes it possible to build dynamic fractal organizations – tough collectives that can respond creatively and with agility in real‐time, no matter what occurs, including rapid changes in the environment. However, little is known from previous studies regarding the formation mechanisms of collective phronesis and dynamic fractal organizations. In this paper, we present a new theoretical model of the formation mechanism of collective phronesis, and dynamic fractal organizations based on inductive research through field surveys and in‐depth case studies, expanding on the concept of boundaries knowledge, which has been explored in existing research.
Rainmaking: Observed with social systems theory
Authors: Roth Steffen , Sales Augusto , Clausen Lars 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines contemporary efforts to control climate change through the lens of social systems theory, particularly by drawing comparisons to rain dances and shamanic rituals. It argues that modern climate control strategies bear functional similarities to archaic rituals aimed at influencing weather patterns, despite the absence of direct causality. Using Niklas Luhmann's concepts of autopoietic systems and functional equivalence, the article demonstrates that both historical and contemporary approaches to climate influence rely on blame‐shifting mechanisms and the social production of scapegoats, with failure often attributed not to the rituals or solutions themselves but to noncompliance or impurity among participants. The originality of this article lies in its application of social systems theory to link contemporary climate control strategies with ancient rituals, positioning them as functionally equivalent social phenomena. By drawing comparisons between shamanistic practices, corporate consulting, and global climate governance, the article provides a unique lens for understanding that the primary function of modern climate efforts may be to regulate social behaviour rather than achieving concrete natural environmental outcomes.
Evaluating the success of eradicating nonnative Brook Trout using Trojan Y Chromosome fish in southern Rocky Mountain streams
Authors: Miller Michael W. , Klein Zachary B. , Caldwell Colleen A. , Ruhl Michael E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis often outcompete and displace native salmonids in western North America. Due to the limitations of traditional removal methods, managers are implementing the Trojan Y Chromosome approach to extirpate nonnative Brook Trout populations. However, there are uncertainties of the comparative performance (i.e., survival, reproductive success) of YY-male (MYY) fish and their wild counterparts. In addition, it is unclear how effective YY-female (FYY) fish compare with MYY fish for extirpation of wild Brook Trout. To address these uncertainties, we modeled the time to extirpation of wild Brook Trout using 5 years of empirical data, assuming introductions of either MYY or FYY fish.

Methods
Our simulations assumed varying stocking (0% to 100%) and removal (0% to 90%) scenarios. In addition, we evaluated model sensitivity to changes in the reproductive success and survival of MYY fish.

Result
The simulations suggest that the average time to extirpation would be 14 years using MYY fish and 8 years for FYY fish, assuming 50% annual removal and 50% initial stocking of the wild Brook Trout abundance. Increasing removal and/or stocking levels resulted in reductions in extirpation times using either MYY or FYY fish. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the model was relatively insensitive to changes in the reproductive success and survival of MYY Brook Trout.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that either MYY or FYY fish can be used to eradicate wild Brook Trout populations, but FYY fish are likely the most efficient means of eradicating nonnative Brook Trout in streams typical of western North America.
Evaluations of Morphometric Traits and Body Conformation Indices of Horse Ecotypes Reared in the Highlands of Bale Eco‐Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Guyo Mesay , Tareke Melaku , Tonamo Andualem , Bediye Diriba , Defar Girma 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMorphometric traits discrepancies are associated with production, reproduction, adaptation and behaviours in horses. It also determines the design of harnessing implements, physical injury level and working performance of the native horses. Thus, the study was conducted to evaluate morphometric traits and body conformation indices of horse ecotypes reared across four districts of Bale Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsData of croup height, croup length, hip height, mid‐back height, wither height, hip width, thoracic depth, chest width, body length, sternum height, thorax perimeter and cannon perimeter were measured in 500 horses (294 male and 206 female). Using those traits, 17 body conformation indices were calculated to define the horses for multi‐faceted performances.ResultsThe study revealed that croup height, hip height, wither height, hip width, croup length, body length, thorax perimeter and sternum height were significantly (p < 0.0001) different among the studied districts. The district effect was also significant at p < 0.05 for mid‐back height, thoracic depth, chest width and cannon perimeter. The sexual dimorphism effect was statistically significant for all measured traits; however, females were inferior to males except for cannon perimeter. Body conformation indices of pelvic index, body index, transversal pelvic index and weight were highly significant (p < 0.0001) among the studied districts. The sex dimorphism effect was significant (p < 0.001) for dactyl‐costal index, pelvic index, longitudinal pelvic index, transversal pelvic index, weight, tare index 1 (trot or gallop), tare index 2 (walk) and riding comfort degree, while non‐significant (p > 0.05) for the remaining indices. The studied horses were classified as mediline, elipometric, light, small and suitable riding ecotypes with a medium‐conforming body structure and good capacity for carrying loads on carts and backs for functional effectiveness. The correlations of body conformation indices ranged from very high to low, with positive and negative associations for functional capabilities.ConclusionTherefore, selection for improvement needs to rank morphometric traits and body conformation indices in correlation to developing racing and modern sport horses in the highlands of the Bale eco‐regions. Further, molecular studies will be essential to determine whether the predominated phenotypic multiplicity is genetic or environmentally progressed.
Notary Lending Networks in Northern Italy in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: De Luca Giuseppe , Lorenzini Marcella 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the credit market centered on notaries in northern Italy during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Through an extensive database collecting debt and credit contracts that private citizens signed before notaries, we reconstructed the lending network where notaries played the key role of matchmakers between demand and supply of money. Thanks to massive scrutiny and longitudinal information set about their clients, notaries were able to sustain a market in which a separating equilibrium could be achieved. High-risk agents could find creditors willing to lend them capital, charging a higher interest rate, and low-risk debtors could find less costly options leveraging their reliability as debtors. The capital market thus prevented the exclusion of operators who could not offer real estate in guarantee but had good reputation and good projects. Medium- and long-term capital was mobilized to finance the more modern entrepreneurial initiatives that were fueling the local economic environment and that could not find support from the newly established casse di risparmio (savings banks).
Historical Social Network Analysis and Early Financial Exchanges
Authors: Dermineur Elise M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter is an overview of historical social network analysis applied to the study of preindustrial financial exchanges. The first part reminds the reader of the basics of social network analysis with particular emphasis on both the visual approach and the mathematical approach. The second part examines the benefits of using SNA while studying preindustrial credit, and also points to the possible methodological issues one may encounter. The last part proposes a tentative outline for a future research agenda in this area with special reference to intermediation and brokerage, diffusion and contagion, and finally structural changes in networks.
Financial Intermediation and Networks in Early Modern Castile Fairs
Authors: Carvajal David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAt the beginning of the modern age, the Castilian financial markets emerged with great dynamism. The celebration of important fairs in Medina del Campo, Medina de Rioseco, or Villalón generated an ideal environment for the meeting of merchants, moneychangers, wool producers, and many other local and foreign buyers and sellers. In this context, the growing number of commercial operations led to an important demand for credit which was mostly channeled through the moneychangers. The moneychangers of Medina del Campo, Valladolid, Burgos, or Segovia offered their services as moneylenders and financial intermediaries to support a large part of the financial framework of the fairs. This paper reconstructs the financial networks generated by the moneychangers and studies their intermediation work between merchants and communities, based on the contracts signed in the notary offices. We observe the importance of links such as neighborhood or family in creating or strengthening networks or the influence of the mercantile and financial strategy of the mercantile communities that attended the Castilian fairs in generating networks. All of this is based on the foundations of the SNA as a support methodology.
Gravitationally dominated instantons and instability of dS, AdS and Minkowski spaces
Authors: Mukhanov Viatcheslav F. , Oz Yaron , Sorin Alexander S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the decay of the false vacuum in the regime where the quantum field theory analysis is not valid, since gravitational effects become important. This happens when the height of the barrier separating the false and the true vacuum is large, and it has implications for the instability of de Sitter, Minkowski and anti-de Sitter vacua. We carry out the calculations for a scalar field with a potential coupled to gravity, and work within the thin-wall approximation, where the bubble wall is thin compared to the size of the bubble. We show that the false de Sitter vacuum is unstable, independently of the height of the potential and the relative depth of the true vacuum compared to the false vacuum. The false Minkowski and anti-de Sitter vacua can be stable despite the existence of a lower energy true vacuum. However, when the relative depth of the true and false vacua exceeds a critical value, which depends on the potential of the false vacuum and the height of the barrier, then the false Minkowski and anti-de Sitter vacua become unstable. We calculate the probability for the decay of the false de Sitter, Minkowski and anti-de Sitter vacua, as a function of the parameters characterizing the field potential.
The Segment Anything foundation model achieves favorable brain tumor auto-segmentation accuracy in MRI to support radiotherapy treatment planning
Authors: Putz Florian , Beirami Sogand , Schmidt Manuel Alexander , May Matthias Stefan , Grigo Johanna , Weissmann Thomas , Schubert Philipp , Höfler Daniel , Gomaa Ahmed , Hassen Ben Tkhayat , Lettmaier Sebastian , Frey Benjamin , Gaipl Udo S. , Distel Luitpold V. , Semrau Sabine , Bert Christoph , Fietkau Rainer , Huang Yixing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Promptable foundation auto-segmentation models like Segment Anything (SA, Meta AI, New York, USA) represent a novel class of universal deep learning auto-segmentation models that could be employed for interactive tumor auto-contouring in RT treatment planning.

Methods
Segment Anything was evaluated in an interactive point-to-mask auto-segmentation task for glioma brain tumor auto-contouring in 16,744 transverse slices from 369 MRI datasets (BraTS 2020 dataset). Up to nine interactive point prompts were automatically placed per slice. Tumor boundaries were auto-segmented on contrast-enhanced T1w sequences. Out of the three auto-contours predicted by SA, accuracy was evaluated for the contour with the highest calculated IoU (Intersection over Union, “oracle mask,” simulating interactive model use with selection of the best tumor contour) and for the tumor contour with the highest model confidence (“suggested mask”).

Results
Mean best IoU (mbIoU) using the best predicted tumor contour (oracle mask) in full MRI slices was 0.762 (IQR 0.713–0.917). The best 2D mask was achieved after a mean of 6.6 interactive point prompts (IQR 5–9). Segmentation accuracy was significantly better for high- compared to low-grade glioma cases (mbIoU 0.789 vs. 0.668). Accuracy was worse using the suggested mask (0.572). Stacking best tumor segmentations from transverse MRI slices, mean 3D Dice score for tumor auto-contouring was 0.872, which was improved to 0.919 by combining axial, sagittal, and coronal contours.

Conclusion
The Segment Anything foundation segmentation model can achieve high accuracy for glioma brain tumor segmentation in MRI datasets. The results suggest that foundation segmentation models could facilitate RT treatment planning when properly integrated in a clinical application.
Einfluss der Corona-Pandemie auf Diagnostik und Therapie von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Prokein Benjamin , Dau Michael , Frerich Bernhard 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Nach Auftreten der ersten COVID-19-Fälle hatte sich das Virus innerhalb weniger Monate weltweit verbreitet. Hierbei zeigte sich ein Rückgang an ärztlichen Konsultationen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob dies Auswirkungen auf die Diagnose und Therapie von Kopf-Hals-Tumorerkrankungen hatte – bezogen auf den Zeitraum 2018 bis 2022.

Material und Methode
Kopf-Hals-Tumordaten des Klinischen Krebsregisters (KKR) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern aus dem Zeitraum 2020–2022 wurden den beiden Vorjahren (2018, 2019) gegenübergestellt. Erfasst wurden demografische Daten, Fallzahlen, Daten zu Diagnose, ICD und die TNM-Klassifikation. Die COVID-19-Fälle wurden vom Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) abgefragt. Die Daten wurden mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Test und Korrelation nach Pearson analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 2332 Patientenfälle in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Im Rahmen des Lockdowns zeigte sich weder ein signifikanter Rückgang der Tumormeldungen an das KKR noch eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen den COVID-19-Fallzahlen zu den Tumordiagnosen. Signifikante Unterschiede zeigten sich innerhalb der T‑Kategorie im Jahr 2022 zu den Prä-COVID-19-Jahren 2018 und 2019. Außerdem wurde eine Verschiebung der relativen Häufigkeiten der einzelnen ICD-10-Codes beobachtet.

Schlussfolgerung
Im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede der Tumormeldungen beim Vergleich der Jahre 2018 bis 2022. Entgegen den Erwartungen eines Rückgangs der Fallzahlen in der Pandemie durch den Lockdown mit Erhöhung der Tumorstadien konnte sogar eine Reduktion der T‑Kategorie im Jahr 2022 gefunden werden sowie eine Verschiebung der relativen Häufigkeiten einzelner ICD-10-Codes über den Zeitraum der Pandemie.
Leveraging genomic prediction to surpass current yield gains in spring barley
Authors: Åstrand Johanna , Odilbekov Firuz , Vetukuri Ramesh , Ceplitis Alf , Chawade Aakash 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Key message
Genetic gain in Nordic spring barley varieties was estimated to 1.07% per year.
Additionally, genomic predictive ability for yield was 0.61 in a population of breeding lines.

Abstract
Barley is one of the most important crops in Europe and meeting the growing demand for food and feed requires continuous increase in yield. Genomic prediction (GP) has the potential to be a cost-efficient tool in breeding for complex traits; however, the rate of yield improvement in current barley varieties is unknown. This study therefore investigated historical and current genetic gains in spring barley and how accounting for row-type population stratification in a breeding population influences GP results. The genetic gain in yield was estimated using historical data from field trials from 2014 to 2022, with 22–60 market varieties grown yearly. The genetic gain was estimated to 1.07% per year for all varieties, serving as a reference point for future breeding progress. To analyse the potential of using GP in spring barley a population of 375 breeding lines of two-row and six-row barley were tested in multi-environment trials in 2019–2022. The genetic diversity of the row-types was examined and used as a factor in the predictions, and the potential to predict untested locations using yield data from other locations was explored. This resulted in an overall predictive ability of 0.61 for yield (kg/ha), with 0.57 and 0.19 for the separate two-row and the six-row breeding lines, respectively. Together this displays the potential of implementing GP in breeding programs and the genetic gain in spring barley market varieties developed through GP will help in quantifying the benefit of GP over conventional breeding in the future.