bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfil clínico e nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral
Authors: De Freitas Jordana Nayara Zandonai , Schiessel Dalton Luiz , Macedo Darla Silvério , Mazur Caryna Eurich 
Published: December 2018

<p>O objetivo desse trabalho foi traçar o perfil clínico e nutricional de pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo realizado em prontuários de pacientes internados em Hospitais de Guarapuava, Paraná no período de maio a setembro de 2016. Foram aferidos peso e estatura, e posteriormente calculado o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Ainda foi avaliada circunferência do braço (CB), aceitação da dieta e dieta prescrita pelo nutricionista. Para análise dos dados obtidos foi realizada estatística descritiva e também inferência estatística. Foram avaliados 28 pacientes que sofreram AVC, com média de idade 66,2±16,3 anos, 75% da amostra constituída por idosos e 50% do sexo feminino. A dieta oferecida com maior frequência nesses pacientes foi a dieta via terapia nutricional por meio de sonda (35,7%); 42,9% (N=12) foram classificados como eutróficos e 39,3% (n=11) como desnutridos. Assim, foi possível observar que desnutrição foi significativa nessa amostra, mas em sua maioria prevaleceu a eutrofia, a rejeição da dieta hospitalar foi marcante principalmente em pacientes com desnutrição, percebe-se que pacientes acometidos de AVC são vulneráveis a presença de risco nutricional.</p>
Avaliação in vitro do potencial cariogênico e erosivo de corticosteroide de uso tópico
Authors: Freire Tila Fortuna Costa , Campos Elisângela De Jesus , Martins Gabriela Botelho 
Published: December 2018

<p><strong>Introdução:</strong> o tratamento com bochechos de dexametasona elixir é bastante descrito na literatura para casos de lesões erosivas e ulceradas em mucosa bucal. Excipientes acrescentados aos medicamentos os tornam mais palatáveis e estáveis, embora possam resultar em efeitos adversos que comprometem a saúde bucal. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> este estudo propôs-se a avaliar, <em>in vitro</em>, o pH, a acidez total titulável (ATT) e o teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) de diferentes marcas de dexametasona elixir disponíveis no mercado da cidade de Salvador, correlacionando-os ao potencial erosivo e cariogênico do medicamento para os dentes. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> seis marcas (A, B, C, D, E e F) de laboratórios distintos foram incluídas neste estudo. O valor do pH foi aferido utilizando-se pHmetro e agitador magnético; a ATT foi determinada adicionando-se hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) 0,1 N e a aferição do SST foi através de refratômetro. Os dados foram expressos em valores médios e desvios padrão. <strong>Resultados</strong>: o pH de todas as marcas investigadas apresentou medidas abaixo de 5,5, logo, todas apresentaram potencial erosivo. Na avaliação da ATT, maior volume de NaOH 0,1N foi necessário pela marca D para alcançar pH 5,5 e 7,0. Dentre as marcas investigadas, a marca B foi a que apresentou maior teor de SST em sua composição. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> soluções para uso local de dexametasona elixir possuem potencial erosivo e alto teor de SST, tornando-se, então, importante a orientação de instrução de higiene oral dos pacientes que possuem maior risco de desenvolver alterações dentárias.</p>
Highly Efficient Sn/Pb Binary Perovskite Solar Cell via Precursor Engineering: A Two‐Step Fabrication Process
Authors: Lian Xiaomei , Chen Jiehuan , Zhang Yingzhu , Qin Minchao , Li Jun , Tian Shuoxun , Yang Weitao , Lu Xinhui , Wu Gang , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRegulation of the crystallization of perovskite films and avoiding the oxidation of Sn2+ during the deposition process are very important for achieving Sn/Pb binary perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and producibility. In this work, a high‐quality HC(NH2)2Pb0.7Sn0.3I3 (FAPb0.7Sn0.3I3) film deposited from the two‐step solution process by introducing methylammonium thiocyanate (MASCN) as a bifunctional additive into the precursor solution containing PbI2 and SnI2 is reported. MASCN can not only tune the morphology of the perovskite film but also stabilize the precursor solution via retarding the oxidation of Sn2+ through a strong coordination between SCN− and Sn2+. The Sn/Pb binary inverted PVSCs based on FAPb0.7Sn0.3I3 present a high fill factor of 0.79 and the best PCE of 16.26% in the case of 0.25 MASCN addition. The device fabrication producibility is also greatly improved due to the stabilized precursor solution with the aid of MASCN. The PCE of the device is almost independent of the storage time of the precursor solution within 124 d in the N2‐filled glove box. These results indicate that the precursor engineering with multifunctionality additive is an effective approach toward highly efficient and producible PVSCs for future commercialization.
Control of Crystal Growth toward Scalable Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Jin‐Wook , Lee Do‐Kyoung , Jeong Dong‐Nyuk , Park Nam‐Gyu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith the impressive record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells exceeding 23%, research focus now shifts onto issues closely related to commercialization. One of the critical hurdles is to minimize the cell‐to‐module PCE loss while the device is being developed on a large scale. Since a solution‐based spin‐coating process is limited to scalability, establishment of a scalable deposition process of perovskite layers is a prerequisite for large‐area perovskite solar modules. Herein, this paper reports on the recent progress of large‐area perovskite solar cells. A deeper understanding of the crystallization of perovskite films is indeed essential for large‐area perovskite film formation. Various large‐area coating methods are proposed including blade, slot‐die, evaporation, and post‐treatment, where blade‐coating and gas post‐treatment have so far demonstrated better PCEs for an area larger than 10 cm2. However, PCE loss rate is estimated to be 1.4 × 10−2% cm−2, which is 82 and 3.5 times higher than crystalline Si (1.7 × 10−4% cm−2) and thin film technologies (≈4 × 10−3% cm−2) respectively. Therefore, minimizing PCE loss upon scaling‐up is expected to lead to PCE over 20% in case of cell efficiency of >23%.
Nanoscale Structure Design for High‐Performance Pt‐Based ORR Catalysts
Authors: Liu Meiling , Zhao Zipeng , Duan Xiangfeng , Huang Yu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are of considerable interest for direct chemical‐to‐electrical energy conversion and may represent an ultimate solution for mobile power supply. However, PEMFCs today are primarily limited by the sluggish kinetics of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which requires a significant amount of Pt‐based catalyst with a substantial contribution to the overall cost. Hence, promoting the activity and stability of the needed catalyst and minimizing the amount of Pt loaded are central to reducing the cost of PEMFCs for commercial deployment. Considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the catalytic performance of Pt‐based ORR catalysts, including the development of various Pt nanostructures with tunable sizes and chemical compositions, controlled shapes with selectively displayed crystallographic surfaces, tailored surface strains, surface doping, geometry engineering, and interface engineering. Herein, a brief introduction of some fundamentals of fuel cells and ORR catalysts with performance metrics is provided, followed by a detailed description of a series of strategies for pushing the limit of high‐performance Pt‐based catalysts. A brief perspective and new insights on the remaining challenges and future directions of Pt‐based ORR catalysts for fuel cells are also presented.
Nanocellulose for Energy Storage Systems: Beyond the Limits of Synthetic Materials
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hwan , Lee Donggue , Lee Yong‐Hyeok , Chen Wenshuai , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe ongoing surge in demand for high‐performance energy storage systems inspires the relentless pursuit of advanced materials and structures. Components of energy storage systems are generally based on inorganic/metal compounds, carbonaceous substances, and petroleum‐derived hydrocarbon chemicals. These traditional materials, however, may have difficulties fulfilling the ever‐increasing requirements of energy storage systems. Recently, nanocellulose has garnered considerable attention as an exceptional 1D element due to its natural abundance, environmental friendliness, recyclability, structural uniqueness, facile modification, and dimensional stability. Recent advances and future outlooks of nanocellulose as a green material for energy storage systems are described, with a focus on its application in supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), and post‐LIBs. Nanocellulose is typically classified as cellulose nanofibril (CNF), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and bacterial cellulose (BC). The unusual 1D structure and chemical functionalities of nanocellulose bring unprecedented benefits to the fabrication and performance of energy storage materials and systems, which lie far beyond those achievable with conventional synthetic materials. It is believed that this progress report can stimulate research interests in nanocellulose as a promising material, eventually widening material horizons for the development of next‐generation energy storage systems, that will lead us closer to so‐called Battery‐of‐Things (BoT) era.
Exciton‐Induced Degradation of Hole Transport Layers and Its Effect on the Efficiency and Stability of Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Yu Hyeonghwa , Aziz Hany 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of exciton‐induced degradation of hole transport layers (HTLs) and its influence on efficiency and stability of phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (PhOLEDs) are investigated. In order to be able to isolate and study the effect of excitons on HTLs, UV illumination as a means to expose them to exciton stress is used. Results reveal that exciton stress of only the HTLs can lead to a significant deterioration in the electroluminescence external quantum efficiency and stability of PhOLEDs, revealing the detrimental role of exciton‐induced degradation of HTLs in limiting the device performance. The creation of quenchers in HTLs and the diffusion of excitons from the HTL to the EML appear to play roles in this degradation mechanism. Observations reveal that exciton‐induced degradation of HTLs more strongly impacts PhOLEDs than their fluorescent counterparts, revealing the more critical role that HTLs play in influencing their stability and pointing to the role of triplet excitons in this phenomenon. Observations also suggest that increasing the exciton stability of HTLs or reducing exciton lifetime in them can help increase device stability. The findings uncover a new degradation mode in PhOLEDs and provide key insights for device design for realizing better performance and stability.
Photonic Nanostructures from Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Fröch Johannes E. , Hwang Yongsop , Kim Sejeong , Aharonovich Igor , Toth Milos 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGrowing interest in devices based on layered van der Waals (vdW) materials is motivating the development of new nanofabrication methods. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is one of the most promising materials for studies of quantum photonics and phonon polaritonics. A promising nanofabrication process used to fabricate several hBN photonic devices using a hybrid reactive ion etching (RIE) and electron beam‐induced etching (EBIE) technique is reported in detail here. The shortcomings and benefits of RIE and EBIE are highlighted and the utility of the hybrid approach for the fabrication of suspended and supported device structures with nanoscale features and highly vertical sidewalls are demonstrated. Functionality of the fabricated devices is proven by measurements of high‐quality cavity optical modes (Q ≈ 1500). This nanofabrication approach constitutes an advance toward an integrated, monolithic quantum photonics platform based on hBN and other layered vdW materials.
Ammonia Synthesis Under Ambient Conditions: Selective Electroreduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia on Black Phosphorus Nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Lili , Ding Liang‐Xin , Chen Gao‐Feng , Yang Xianfeng , Wang Haihui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConstructing efficient catalysts for the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) is a major challenge for artificial nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions. Herein, inspired by the principle of “like dissolves like”, it is demonstrated that a member of the nitrogen family, well‐exfoliated few‐layer black phosphorus nanosheets (FL‐BP NSs), can be used as an efficient nonmetallic catalyst for electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The catalyst can achieve a high ammonia yield of 31.37 μg h−1 mg−1cat. under ambient conditions. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the active orbital and electrons of zigzag and diff‐zigzag type edges of FL‐BP NSs enable selective electrocatalysis of N2 to NH3 via an alternating hydrogenation pathway. This work proves the feasibility of using a nonmetallic simple substance as a nitrogen‐fixing catalyst and thus opening a new avenue towards the development of more efficient metal‐free catalysts.
Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene
Authors: Spisak Sarah N. , Bühringer Martina U. , Wei Zheng , Zhou Zheng , Tykwinski Rik R. , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe chemical reduction of a [3]cumulene ([3]TrTol) has been explored using alkali metals. Mono‐ and doubly reduced forms of [3]TrTol were isolated as solvent‐separated ion pairs with {Na(18‐crown‐6)THF2}+ and {K(18‐crown‐6)THF2}+ counterions and crystallographically characterized. This allowed analysis of structural parameters of the “naked” anions of [3]TrTol without interference from metal binding. The dianion of [3]TrTol was also isolated as a contact‐ion complex with {Cs(18‐crown‐6)}+ cations, thereby adding the effect of metal coordination to the core. Structural comparisons of anions to the neutral molecule, [3]TrTol, outline monotonic increases in bond‐length alternation (BLA) upon stepwise reduction. The greatest BLA value is found for the contact‐ion complex, which shows an alternating sequence of short and long carbon–carbon bonds, consistent with the structure of an alkyne. In contrast to studies on tetraphenyl[3]cumulene, the cumulenic framework of [3]TrTol remains planar in all the derivatives.
Integrative analysis of transcriptome‐wide association study and mRNA expression profiles identifies candidate genes associated with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Huang Huimei , Cheng Shiqiang , Ding Miao , Wen Yan , Ma Mei , Zhang Lu , Li Ping , Cheng Bolun , Liang Xiao , Liu Li , Du Yanan , Zhao Yan , Kafle Om Prakash , Han Bei , Zhang Feng 
Published: December 2018

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of highly heritable psychiatric syndromes with high prevalence. The genetic mechanism of ASD remains elusive now. Here we conducted a transcriptome‐wide association study (TWAS) of ASD. The GWAS summary data of ASD was driven from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) portal, totally involving 5,305 ASD cases and 5,305 controls. FUSION software was applied to the GWAS summary data for tissue‐related TWAS of ASD considering brain and blood. The ASD associated genes identified by TWAS were further validated by mRNA expression profiling of ASD and the Simons Foundation for Autism Research (SFARI) Gene tool. DAVID 6.8 was used to perform gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of ASD associated genes identified by TWAS. TWAS identified 85 genes with TWAS P value <0.05 for ASD. Further comparing the 85 genes with the differentially expressed genes identified by mRNA expression profiling of ASD patients found 5 overlapped genes, including MUTYH (PTWAS = 0.0460, PmRNA = 0.0040), ARHGAP27 (PTWAS = 0.0100, PmRNA = 0.0016), GCA (PTWAS = 0.0480, PmRNA = 0.0063), CCDC14 (PTWAS = 0.0067, PmRNA = 0.0035), and MED15 (PTWAS = 0.0324, PmRNA = 0.0092). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the genes identified by TWAS detected 10 significant GO terms, such as mitochondrion (P = 0.0051), NAD or NADH binding (P = 0.0169), mitochondrial part (P = 0.0386) and 2‐oxoglutarate metabolic process (P = 0.0399). In conclusion, this study identified multiple ASD associated genes and gene sets, providing novel clues for revealing the pathogenesis of ASD. Autism Research 2019, 12: 33–38. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryRecent genetic studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have found multiple ASD related genes. However, the results of these studies were hardly replicated with each other, providing limited clues for exploring the genetic mechanism of ASD. This study detected a group of candidate genes showing transcriptome‐wide associations with ASD. These results may provide novel clues for revealing the pathogenesis of ASD.
Mid‐region parathyroid hormone‐related protein is a genome‐wide chromatin‐binding factor that promotes growth and differentiation of HB2 epithelial cells from the human breast
Authors: Luparello Claudio , Librizzi Mariangela , Asaro Dalia M. L. , Cruciata Ilenia , Caradonna Fabio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHuman parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) is a polyhormone that undergoes proteolytic cleavage producing smaller peptides which exert diversified biological effects. PTHrP signalization is prominently involved in breast development and physiology, but the studies have been focused onto either N‐terminal species or full‐length protein introduced by gene transfer techniques. Our present work investigates for the first time the effect of the mid‐region PTHrP secretory form, that is, the fragment [38–94], on HB2 non‐tumoral breast epithelial cells. We examined viability/proliferation of cells grown in PTHrP‐containing media supplemented with different serum concentration and on different substrates, extending our investigation to check whether (a) by analogy with MDA‐MB231 cells, also HB2 cell chromatin possesses genome‐wide binding sites for mid‐region PTHrP, and (b) the peptide is endowed with modulating properties toward the expression of proliferation/differentiation signatures by HB2 cells. Our results indicate that mid‐region PTHrP acts as a cell growth/differentiation stimulator in routine and “nutrient stress” culture conditions, accordingly reprogramming gene expression, and is able to bind to cytogenetic preparations from HB2 cells. This supports the concept that the physiological mechanisms involving PTHrP during breast development may include mature processed forms of the protein different from the N‐terminal fragment. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):279–288, 2019
Vibrotactile sensitivity of patients with HIV‐related sensory neuropathy: An exploratory study
Authors: Karpul David , McIntyre Sarah , van Schaik André , Breen Paul P. , Heckmann Jeannine M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundHIV‐associated distal polyneuropathy (HIV‐PN) affects large and small sensory nerve fibers and can cause tactile insensitivity. This exploratory study forms part of an effort to apply subsensory electrical nerve stimulation (SENS) to improve tactile sensitivity of patients with HIV‐PN. This work presented an opportunity to use a robust protocol to quantitatively describe the vibrotactile sensitivity of individuals with HIV‐PN on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and correlate these findings with commonly used clinical vibration testing and scoring grades.MethodsThe vibration perception thresholds (VPTs) of 20 patients with HIV‐PN at three vibration frequencies (25, 50, and 128 Hz) were measured. We compare the vibration perception threshold (VPT) outcomes to an age‐ and gender‐matched control cohort. We further correlated VPT findings with 128 Hz tuning fork (TF) assessments performed on the HIV‐PN participants, accrued as part of a larger study. HIV‐PN was defined as having at least one distal symmetrical neuropathic sign, although 18 of 20 had at least two neuropathic signs.ConclusionsHIV‐PN participants were found to have lower VPT sensitivity than controls for all three vibration frequencies, and VPT was more sensitive at higher vibration frequencies for both HIV‐PN and controls. VPT sensitivity was reduced with older age. Years on ART was correlated with VPT‐25 Hz but not with VPT in general. Notably, VPT sensitivity did not correlate with the clinically used 128 Hz TF severity grades. Outcomes of tests for interaction with vibration frequency suggest that HIV‐PN pathology does not affect all mechanoreceptors similarly.
Palladium‐Containing and Metal‐Free Supported Dendrons As Catalysts in Multistep Conversion of Oxygenates to Fuels
Authors: Lou Yueyun , Shantz Daniel F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article reports a three‐step process: 1) the hydrogenation of phenol, 2) aldol condensation between the cyclohexanone produced in reaction 1 and an aldehyde, and 3) hydrogenation of the aldol reaction product. This is achieved using palladium containing supported dendrons for reactions 1 and 3 and non‐metal containing supported dendrons for reaction 2. Palladium/dendron‐OMS catalyzes the phenol hydrogenation with a cyclohexanol yield of 85 %, the parent dendrons (no Pd) catalyze the Aldol reaction with over 80 % yield in some cases, and the Pd‐dendron samples can be used to hydrogenate the aldol coupling product at high yields, not dissimilar from what one observes from aqueous phase reforming (APR). The operating conditions of low temperature and low‐pressure hydrogen in aqueous media are consistent with green chemistry goals.
Electrochemical Water Oxidation in Acidic Solution Using Titanium Diboride (TiB2) Catalyst
Authors: Kirshenbaum Maxine J. , Richter Matthias H. , Dasog Mita 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectrochemical water oxidation is an important anodic process necessary to support many cathodic fuel forming processes. Inexpensive materials capable of water oxidation catalysis are necessary to render renewable energy technologies affordable. In this study, titanium diboride (TiB2) microparticles were explored as an oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst in 1.0 M HClO4. An overpotential of 560±20 mV was required to generate a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency >96 %. TiB2 exhibited a dissolution rate of 0.24 μg cm−2 h−1 which is the slowest rate observed to date for an earth‐abundant OER catalyst in acidic electrolyte at pH 0.
Hierarchy of Asymmetry in Chiral Supramolecular Polymers: Toward Functional, Helical Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Dorca Yeray , Greciano Elisa E. , Valera Jorge S. , Gómez Rafael , Sánchez Luis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe formation of helical structures through the supramolecular polymerization of a variety of self‐assembling units is reviewed. These scaffolds are usually obtained by efficient transfer or amplification of chirality phenomena, in which the starting self‐assembling molecules possess different elements of asymmetry, such as point or axial chirality. Relevant examples of helical supramolecular structures investigated under thermodynamic control are reviewed, and the helical outcome of remarkable examples of chiral entities obtained through kinetic control are also highlighted. Finally, selected examples of flexible macroscopic chirality and catalysis are described to illustrate the applicability of helical aggregates.