bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient profiling and food prices: what is the cost of choosing healthier products?
Authors: de Abreu M. , Charlton K. , Probst Y. , Li N. , Crino M. , Wu J. H. Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Health Star Rating (HSR) is a front‐of‐pack label designed to help Australian consumers identify healthier packaged foods. Price is an important determinant of food choice and yet no previous studies have examined the relationship between HSR and price. In the present study, we investigated whether (i) healthier packaged food products, as determined by HSR, are more expensive than less healthy alternatives and (ii) products displaying the HSR are more expensive than similar products that do not.MethodsPrices of three packaged foods categories (breakfast cereals, cereal‐based bars and fruit juices) and nutrient data (to calculate HSR) were obtained from shopping receipts of approximately 1600 Australians between June 2014 and September 2016. Associations between HSR and price [per energy ($/100 kJ) and per unit ($/100 g)] for products of comparable package sizes were assessed by linear regression and the results are presented as differences in average price over the theoretical maximum range of HSR from 0.5 to 5 stars.ResultsThe HSR of products was not consistently related to price. Small positive associations were observed for juice ($0.08/100 mL; P = 0.03) and for cereal‐based bars ($0.04/100 kJ; P = 0.02). No other associations between HSR and price were observed (P ≥ 0.23). Products that displayed the HSR were no more expensive on average than products that received a similar HSR but did not display the HSR (P ≥ 0.16).ConclusionsIn summary, the findings of the present study suggest that healthier packaged food products were not consistently more expensive than less healthy products and also that price is unlikely to be a barrier for consumers to use the HSR to select healthier packaged foods.
Industrial ecology and the boundaries of the manufacturing firm
Authors: Magnusson Thomas , Andersson Hans , Ottosson Mikael 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDecisions on organizational boundaries are critical aspects of manufacturing firms’ business strategies. This article brings together concepts and findings from industrial ecology and business strategy in order to understand how manufacturing firms engage in initiatives to facilitate recycling of process wastes. Based on a distinction between waste recovery and use of the recovered resources, the article introduces a typology of four different strategies: Closed, Outsourcing, Diversification, and Open. Each strategy has a unique set of organizational boundaries and is associated with different motives and benefits for the manufacturing firm. The typology of strategies provides a conceptual contribution to assist industrial managers in strategic decision‐making, and to support further studies on organizational boundaries in industrial ecology research.
Raw material criticality assessment as a complement to environmental life cycle assessment: Examining methods for product‐level supply risk assessment
Authors: Cimprich Alexander , Bach Vanessa , Helbig Christoph , Thorenz Andrea , Schrijvers Dieuwertje , Sonnemann Guido , Young Steven B. , Sonderegger Thomas , Berger Markus 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe diversity of raw materials used in modern products, compounded by the risk of supply disruptions—due to uneven geological distribution of resources, along with socioeconomic factors like production concentration and political (in)stability of raw material producing countries—has drawn attention to the subject of raw material “criticality.” In this article, we review the state of the art regarding the integration of criticality assessment, herein termed “product‐level supply risk assessment,” as a complement to environmental life cycle assessment. We describe and compare three methods explicitly developed for this purpose—Geopolitical Supply Risk (GeoPolRisk), Economic Scarcity Potential (ESP), and the Integrated Method to Assess Resource Efficiency (ESSENZ)—based on a set of criteria including considerations of data sources, uncertainties, and other contentious methodological aspects. We test the methods on a case study of a European‐manufactured electric vehicle, and conclude with guidance for appropriate application and interpretation, along with opportunities for further methodological development. Although the GeoPolRisk, ESP, and ESSENZ methods have several limitations, they can be useful for preliminary assessments of the potential impacts of raw material supply risks on a product system (i.e., “outside‐in” impacts) alongside the impacts of a product system on the environment (i.e., “inside‐out” impacts). Care is needed to not overlook critical raw materials used in small amounts but nonetheless important to product functionality. Further methodological development could address regional and firm‐level supply risks, multiple supply‐chain stages, and material recycling, while improving coverage of supply risk characterization factors.
Facial cleansing with a sonic brush—A review of the literature and current recommendations
Authors: Gold Michael , Ablon Glynis , Andriessen Anneke , Goldberg David , Hooper Deirdre , Mandy Steve 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIntroductionSkin cleansing is important for removal of dirt, debris, and sebum and plays an important role in reduction of pollution‐induced skin aging. Cleansing is an established part of treatment recommendations and procedures in dermatology. Different methods for facial skin cleansing are established but recommendations on use of special devices are not fully integrated into clinical practice.AimWe review the current literature on sonic cleansing to demonstrate that a gentle and effective cleansing routine using a sonic brush followed by appropriate additional methods for rehydration and skin protection may improve both inflammatory conditions including acne vulgaris and skin damage associated with overexposure to exogenous light and pollution.MethodsA working group of experienced clinicians managing facial inflammatory skin conditions convened for a meeting. The panel reviewed the literature surrounding sonic brush cleansing and discussed clinical questions aiming to optimize facial cleansing outcomes.ResultsThe panel agreed there are increasing concerns over the rise of atmospheric pollution globally and its impact on health and skin aging and that cleansing in combination with nonspecific skin care is able to support physiological microenvironmental skin conditions including pH levels on the skin surface, barrier function, and hydration.ConclusionCleansing poses a challenge in balancing debris removal while avoiding excess sebum removal, thereby maintaining an intact stratum corneum barrier. The sonic brush may offer a safe and effective treatment for various conditions.
A case of bilateral Parry‐Romberg syndrome successfully treated with hyaluronic acid filler augmentation
Authors: Watchmaker Jacqueline , Saadeh Dana , Lam Christina , Vashi Neelam A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractParry‐Romberg syndrome is a rare acquired neurocutaneous disorder typically characterized by hemifacial atrophy. Few cases of bilateral facial involvement have been reported. We report a case of a 60‐year‐old female with a 20‐year history of progressive bilateral facial atrophy. Although an initial diagnosis of acquired partial lipodystrophy was considered, a diagnosis of bilateral Parry‐Romberg was favored for three main reasons: (a) lipoatrophy was confined to the face (b) imaging findings of enophthalmos and underlying white matter changes (c) laboratories showing absence of C3 nephritic factor and normal complement levels. The patient was treated with hyaluronic acid fillers with dramatic improvement in cosmetic appearance.
Cigarette smoke reduces short chain fatty acid production by a Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical isolate
Authors: Zeller Iris , Malovichko Marina V. , Hurst Harrell E. , Renaud Diane E. , Scott David A. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesWe hypothesized that short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by oral pathogens is suppressed by exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE).BackgroundTobacco smoking is a major risk factor for plaque‐induced periodontal diseases. Despite increased disease susceptibility, overt oral inflammation is suppressed in smokers, presenting a diagnostic conundrum. Bacterial‐derived SCFAs can penetrate into oral tissues where they influence multiple components of immune and healing responses. Indeed, the SCFA burden has been correlated with the inflammatory condition of the gingiva. However, the influence of cigarette consumption on SCFA production is unknown.MethodsGC/MS was employed to monitor the production of several SCFAs (propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid) by representative anaerobic oral pathogens (Filifactor alocis 35896, Fusobacterium nucleatum 25586, Porphyromonas gingivalis 33277) that were exposed, or not, to a physiologically relevant dose of CSE (2000 ng/ml nicotine equivalents) generated from 3R4F reference cigarettes.ResultsThe growth of all three bacterial species was unaffected by CSE. The capacity to produce SCFAs by these bacteria was highly varied. F alocis produced the highest concentration of a specific SCFA (butyrate); P gingivalis provided the most robust overall SCFA signal, while F alocis and F nucleatum did not release detectable levels of isobutyrate or isovalerate. As P gingivalis 33277 was the broadest SCFA producer, three low‐passage clinical isolates (10208C, 5607, and 10512) were also examined. Compared to unconditioned microbes, reduced SCFA release was apparent in CSE‐exposed low‐passage clinical isolates of P gingivalis which reached significance for one of the three isolates (propionic, isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric acids, all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThere is high disparity in the SCFA profiles of variant chronic periodontitis‐associated bacteria, while CSE exposure reduces SCFA production by a specific clinical strain of P gingivalis. If the latter phenomenon occurs in vivo, a reduced SCFA burden may help explain the reduced vascular response to dental plaque in tobacco smokers.
Inhibition of autotransporter biogenesis by small molecules
Authors: Steenhuis Maurice , Abdallah Abdallah M. , de Munnik Sabrina M. , Kuhne Sebastiaan , Sterk Geert‐Jan , van den Berg van Saparoea Bart , Westerhausen Sibel , Wagner Samuel , van der Wel Nicole N. , Wijtmans Maikel , van Ulsen Peter , Jong Wouter S. P. , Luirink Joen 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDisarming pathogens by targeting virulence factors is a promising alternative to classic antibiotics. Many virulence factors in Gram‐negative bacteria are secreted via the autotransporter (AT) pathway, also known as Type 5 secretion. These factors are secreted with the assistance of two membrane‐based protein complexes: Sec and Bam. To identify inhibitors of the AT pathway, we used transcriptomics analysis to develop a fluorescence‐based high‐throughput assay that reports on the stress induced by the model AT hemoglobin protease (Hbp) when its secretion across the outer membrane is inhibited. Screening a library of 1600 fragments yielded the compound VUF15259 that provokes cell envelope stress and secretion inhibition of the ATs Hbp and Antigen‐43. VUF15259 also impairs β‐barrel folding activity of various outer membrane proteins. Furthermore, we found that mutants that are compromised in outer membrane protein biogenesis are more susceptible to VUF15259. Finally, VUF15259 induces the release of vesicles that appear to assemble in short chains. Taken together, VUF15259 is the first reported compound that inhibits AT secretion and our data are mostly consistent with VUF15259 interfering with the Bam‐complex as potential mode of action. The validation of the presented assay incites its use to screen larger compound libraries with drug‐like compounds.
Overview and outcome of mucormycosis among children with cancer: Report from the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt
Authors: Madney Youssef , Khedr Reham , Ahmed Naglaa , El‐Mahallawy Hadir , Youssef Ayda , Taha Hala , Hassanain Omayma , Ahmed Gehad , Hafez Hanafy 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMucormycosis represents a real challenge in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcome and infection‐related mortality in our patients at the Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt. This is a retrospective study during the period 2007‐2017. Data analysis included demographic data, risk factors, diagnostic workup, treatment and outcome. During the study period, 45 patients developed proven mucormycosis according to EORTC/MSG criteria (2008). Ninety percentof cases were of haematological malignancies. Liposomal amphotericin B was the mainstay of treatment. Posaconazole was used as secondary prophylaxis in 35% of cases. Combination antifungal was used in three cases with progressive mucormycosis. Surgical intervention was achievable in 50% of cases. Therapy was successful in 35 patients (66%). Complications related to mucormycosis were seen in five cases with disfigurement and perforated hard palate. Chemotherapy delay with subsequent relapse of primary malignancy was reported in one case. Mucormycosis‐related mortality was 33% (15 cases). Mucormycosis is a major cause of mortality among patients with haematological malignancies. Early diagnosis of Mucormycosis infection, with rapid initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy and surgical intervention, whenever feasible, is the backbone of mucormycosis treatment.
Vincent McNabb 1868-1943, an Anniversary Commemoration
Authors: Nichols Aidan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis commemorative article, drafted for the 75th anniversary of Vincent McNabb's death in 2018 (it was also the hundred and fiftieth anniversary of his birth), re-tells his story, visits the unresolved question of his sanctity, and, by considering his themes, seeks to point up his amor intellectualis, and not just cordialis, the generosity of a many-sided man.
Large leaves in warm, moist environments confer an advantage in seedling light interception efficiency
Authors: Lusk Christopher H. , Grierson Ella R. P. , Laughlin Daniel C. 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Leaf size varies conspicuously along environmental gradients. Small leaves help plants cope with drought and frost, because of the effect of leaf size on boundary layer conductance; it is less clear what advantage large leaves confer in benign environments.

We asked if large leaves give species of warm climates an advantage in seedling light interception efficiency over small‐leaved species from colder environments. We measured seedling leaf, architectural and biomass distribution traits of 18 New Zealand temperate rainforest evergreens; we then used a 3‐D digitiser and the Yplant program to model leaf area display and light interception.

Species associated with mild climates on average had larger leaves and larger specific leaf areas (SLA) than those from cold climates, and displayed larger effective foliage areas per unit of aboveground biomass, indicating higher light interception efficiency at whole‐plant level. This reflected differences in total foliage area, rather than in self‐shading.

Our findings advance the understanding of leaf size by showing that large leaves enable seedlings of species with highly conductive (but frost‐sensitive) xylem to deploy large foliage areas without increasing self‐shading. Leaf size variation along temperature gradients in humid forests may therefore reflect a trade‐off between seedling light interception efficiency and susceptibility to frost.
Efficacy and patient opinion of wet‐wrap dressings using 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide ointment vs cream in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis: A randomized split‐body control study
Authors: Cadmus Simi D. , Sebastian Katherine R. , Warren Donald , Hovinga Collin A. , Croce Emily A. , Reveles Liana A. , Levy Moise L. , Diaz Lucia Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWet wraps can be an effective means of improving atopic dermatitis (AD). Little research has been done regarding the comparative efficacy of topical steroid vehicles and patient preference.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide ointment vs cream used with wet wraps in pediatric patients with AD and to explore patient preference/opinion.MethodsWe performed a small, randomized, investigator‐blind prospective study of 39 pediatric patients experiencing symmetric, bilateral AD flares. Patients were instructed to apply a topical steroid cream to one extremity and apply the same topical steroid in an ointment vehicle to the other extremity using the wet‐wrap technique once or twice daily for 3 to 5 consecutive days. Patients were evaluated at a follow‐up visit.ResultsComparison of the change in Investigator’s Global Assessment scores disclosed no significant difference between efficacy ratings of cream (mean difference = 0.72) and ointment (mean difference = 0.59) when used with wet wraps (P = 0.22). Although patients found the ointment more difficult to apply, they were more likely to prefer ointments for future prescriptions (P < 0.01).ConclusionPatient preference of corticosteroid vehicle is what should ultimately drive treatment. In this small study, we found no difference in efficacy between triamcinolone acetonide wet wraps with cream vs ointment. Dermatologists should select the vehicle of the patient's choice as it may increase satisfaction with treatment.
Fostering positive spaces in public health using a cultural humility approach
Authors: Allwright Kathryn , Goldie Catherine , Almost Joan , Wilson Rosemary 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCulturally competent frameworks used within health care systems are contributing to the discrimination and marginalization of sexually and/or gender diverse persons. In this discursive paper, we argue that cultural humility ought to be implemented as the best practice approach for fostering sexually and gender diverse positive spaces in public health settings. A paradigm shift away from cultural competence frameworks toward cultural humility is necessary. This shift can be achieved by enhancing educational opportunities for public health nursing students and professionals and by recruiting organizational leaders to be champions for systemic change. In order to achieve this, we must establish effective educational programs that espouse cultural humility practices and develop valid measurement tools for assessing the provision of culturally humble care. This would equip educators, students, practitioners, and organizational leaders with the necessary tools to guide and assess their performance. Integrating a culturally humble approach will ultimately enhance self‐reported cultural safety in public health spaces and reduce health inequities experienced by sexually and/or gender diverse clients and staff members.
Multisite Causal Mediation Analysis in the Presence of Complex Sample and Survey Designs and Non-Random Non-Response
Authors: Qin Xu , Hong Guanglei , Deutsch Jonah , Bein Edward 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis study provides a template for multisite causal mediation analysis using a comprehensive weighting-based analytic procedure that enhances external and internal validity. The template incorporates a sample weight to adjust for complex sample and survey designs, adopts an inverse probability of treatment weight to adjust for differential treatment assignment probabilities, employs an estimated non-response weight to account for non-random non-response and utilizes a propensity-score-based weighting strategy to decompose flexibly not only the population average but also the between-site heterogeneity of the total programme impact. Because the identification assumptions are not always warranted, a weighting-based balance checking procedure assesses the remaining overt bias, whereas a weighting-based sensitivity analysis further evaluates the potential bias related to omitted confounding or to propensity score model misspecification. We derive the asymptotic variance of the estimators for the causal effects that account for the sampling uncertainty in the estimated weights. The method is applied to a reanalysis of the data from the National Job Corps Study.
The oral health status of Syrian refugee children in Jordan: An exploratory study
Authors: Makan Rima , Gara Mohammad , Awwad Motasum Abu , Hassona Yazan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the oral health status and dental treatment needs of children Syrian refugees in Jordan.MethodsA convenience sample of Syrian refugee children who aged between 6 and 12 years at al‐Zaatari camp was used for the purpose of this study. Examination was performed according to the method proposed by WHO. DMFT and gingival indices were examined and reported by a trained dentist.ResultsA total of 125 children were examined. The mean DMFT score was 3.64 ± 9.83, and the mean dmft score was 2.98 ± 4.7. More than half of children (50.4%) were found to have high caries risk according to CAMBRA scale. Most of the DMFT score was contributed by decayed and missing teeth. Nearly, half of children (44.8%) showed fluorosis and almost all children had chronic gingivitis. More than half of the participants (55.2%) reported that they needed dental treatment during their stay at the camp, but only half (52%) received treatment mainly tooth extraction and prescription of medication. Only 6.4% of children received conservative dental treatment.ConclusionSyrian refugee children in Jordan were found to have high levels of unmet dental needs. Accessibility of dental services was found to be a primary barrier to care.
High incidence of clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection in CMV D+/R+ lung transplant recipients receiving 3 months of antiviral prophylaxis
Authors: Kabbani Dima , Hirji Alim , Hernandez Cristina , Malhi Harjot , Mabilangan Curtis , Chandrarathne Sanjaya , Halloran Kieran , Weinkauf Justin , Kapasi Ali , Lien Dale , Preiksaitis Jutta , Cervera Carlos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundUniversal antiviral prophylaxis is the preferred preventive strategy for lung transplant recipients (LTRs) at risk of CMV infection. We compared the risk of CMV infection between CMV D+/R + and D‐/R + LTRs after 3 months of prophylaxis.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of CMV R + LTRs transplanted between 2005 and 2013. Patients dying before completing 3 months, or receiving >180 days of prophylaxis were excluded. The primary outcome was proportion of LTRs who developed CMV infection and clinically significant CMV infection defined as CMV infection leading to preemptive therapy or CMV disease.ResultsWe analyzed 90 D+/R + and 72 D‐/R + with a median follow up of 730 days. CMV infection and disease was more common in D+/R + compared to D‐/R+ (CMV infection 66% vs 40%; P = 0.001; CMV disease 13% vs 4% P = 0.045). Fifty‐nine patients developed at least one episode of clinically significant CMV infection (41/90 [46%] D+/R + and 18/72 [25%] D‐/R + P=0.007) with recurrence occurring in 29 LTRs (49% of patients with previous CMV infection), of which 22 (76%) were CMV D+/R+. Thirty percent had side effects related to CMV therapy.ConclusionThree months prophylaxis in D+/R + LTRs was associated with high rates of clinically significant CMV infection and recurrences.