bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact arbitrary terminated power divider with bandwidth‐enhanced negative group delay characteristics
Authors: Wang Handing , Wu Yongle , Wu Zehai , Wang Weimin , Liu Yuanan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryA novel compact arbitrary terminated power divider with bandwidth‐enhanced negative group delay (NGD) characteristics is proposed. The NGD characteristics are controlled by characteristic impedances of transmission lines and the coupled line between two output ports. Flat and wide NGD bandwidth is produced by using the combination of a series resistor and short‐circuited coupled‐line section. The complete closed‐form equations are presented. For experimental demonstration, a prototype is designed and fabricated at f0 of 2.14 GHz. The measured results indicate that the proposed power divider is able to realize wide NGD bandwidth and good NGD flatness.
Categorizing and Establishing CD4 Service Equivalency: Testing of Residual, Archived External Quality Assessment Scheme Sample Panels Enables Accelerated Virtual Peer Laboratory Review
Authors: Glencross Deborah Kim , Coetzee Lindi Marie 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundTesting of collated, curated residual archived external quality assessment (EQA) trial material, with pre‐established true (consensus) values collated into 25‐sample panels enables virtual peer review of a laboratory's proficiency. In this study, we introduce how archived EQAS samples/panels can establish equivalency of CD4 reporting across multiple laboratories in a national program.MethodsCurated unused trial material from archived EQAS CD4 trials were collated into 25‐sample panels comprising three sets of five‐sample replicates and at least three duplicate samples. Panel‐samples were tested using predicate methods of participating laboratories and proficiency determined by calculating a Standard Deviation Index (SDI) for each panel‐sample reported according to retrospective consensus pooled trial outcomes. All data were plotted using MS Excel and Graphpad‐Prism with SDI limits between −2 and +2 SDI to define acceptable performance. Percentage similarity analysis determined agreement. Bead‐count‐rate data was used to determine pipetting error.ResultsTight clustering of SDI outcomes predicted acceptable laboratory proficiency with acceptable accuracy and precision as evidenced by mean SDI < 0.5 and SD of SDI < 0.5. Random pipetting error was identified with aberrant BCR. Systematic under‐reading of results was noted in one lab with excellent precision but mean SDI > 1.6. Additional training requirements were evident where a respective laboratory's SD of SDI exceeded 0.7.ConclusionsArchival panel testing undertaken across a network of CD4 laboratories using the same CD4 method to simultaneously test the same panel prior to national implementation highlighted proficient laboratories and was useful for identifying sites with service deficiencies and immediate additional training needs. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Landscape heterogeneity is key to forecasting outcomes of plant reintroduction
Authors: Caughlin T. Trevor , Damschen Ellen I. , Haddad Nick M. , Levey Douglas J. , Warneke Christopher , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConservation and restoration projects often involve starting new populations by introducing individuals into portions of their native or projected range. Such efforts can help meet many related goals, including habitat creation, ecosystem service provisioning, assisted migration, and the reintroduction of imperiled species following local extirpation. The outcomes of reintroduction efforts, however, are highly variable, with results ranging from local extinction to dramatic population growth; reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here, we ask whether population growth following plant reintroductions is governed by variation at two scales: the scale of individual habitat patches to which individuals are reintroduced, and larger among‐landscape scales in which similar patches may be situated in landscapes that differ in matrix type, soil conditions, and other factors. Quantifying demographic variation at these two scales will help prioritize locations for introduction and, once introductions take place, forecast population growth. This work took place within a large‐scale habitat fragmentation experiment, where individuals of two perennial forb species were reintroduced into eight replicate ~50‐ha landscapes, each containing a set of five ~1‐ha patches that varied in their degree of isolation (connected by habitat corridors or unconnected) and edge‐to‐area ratio. Using data on individual growth, survival, reproductive output, and recruitment collected one to two years after reintroduction, we developed models to forecast population growth, then compared forecasts to observed population sizes, three and six years later. Both the type of patch (connected and unconnected) and identity of the landscape to which individuals were reintroduced had effects on forecasted population growth rates, but only variation associated with landscape identity was an accurate predictor of subsequently observed population growth rates. Models that did not include landscape identity had minimal forecasting ability, revealing the key importance of variation at this scale for accurate prediction. Of the five demographic rates used to model population dynamics, seed production was the most important source of forecast error in population growth rates. Our results point to the importance of accounting for landscape‐scale variation in demographic models and demonstrate how such models might assist with prioritizing particular landscapes for species reintroduction projects.
Course, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of disordered eating in pregnancy
Authors: Chan Chui Yi , Lee Antoinette M. , Koh Yee Woen , Lam Siu Keung , Lee Chin Peng , Leung Kwok Yin , Tang Catherine So Kum 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveAlthough eating disorders in pregnancy have been studied extensively, little research attention has been given to disordered eating. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence and levels of disordered eating in the perinatal period, and to identify risk factors and adverse outcomes of disordered eating during pregnancy.MethodA prospective longitudinal design with a quantitative approach was adopted. A consecutive sample of 1,470 Chinese pregnant women from hospitals in Hong Kong was assessed using standardized instruments at five time points from the first trimester to 6 months postpartum.ResultsThe levels of disordered eating changed significantly across trimesters. Higher levels of disordered eating in pregnancy were significantly associated with higher levels of disordered eating at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum, greater anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower 1‐min Apgar scores, and abnormal birth weight.DiscussionThe present study pointed to the need for more research and clinical attention to antenatal disordered eating given that it is associated with anxiety, depression, postpartum disordered eating and obstetric outcomes.
Host plants of the non‐swarming edible bush cricket Ruspolia differens
Authors: Opoke Robert , Nyeko Philip , Malinga Geoffrey M. , Rutaro Karlmax , Roininen Heikki , Valtonen Anu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe edible Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is a widely‐consumed insect in East Africa but surprisingly little is known of its host plant use in the field. We studied host plants used by non‐swarming R. differens for 15 months, in central Uganda. In particular, we assessed the use of host plant species with respect to host cover in the field and host parts used by R. differens, also recording their sex, developmental stages, and colour morph. Ruspolia differens were found on 19 grass and two sedge species and they were observed predominantly (99% of 20,915 observations) on seven grasses (namely, Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Chloris gayana, Hyparrhenia rufa, Cynodon dactylon, Sporobolus pyramidalis, and Pennisetum purpureum). Ruspolia differens was most frequently observed on the most common grass of each study site but P. maximum, and S. pyramidalis were used more frequently than expected from their cover in the field. Furthermore, R. differens were observed predominantly on inflorescences (97% of feeding observations) and much less frequently on the leaves (3.0%), stems (0.1%), and inflorescence stalks (0.1%) of grasses and sedges. Host use was not independent of sex, developmental stage, or colour morph. Panicum maximum was the preferred host of the youngest nymphs of R. differens. Overall, our findings indicate that a continuous supply of diverse grass resources with inflorescences is necessary for the management and conservation of wild populations of R. differens.
Microbial and animal nutrient limitation change the distribution of nitrogen within coupled green and brown food chains
Authors: Buchkowski Robert W. , Leroux Shawn J. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNumerous biotic mechanisms can control ecosystem nutrient cycling, but their full incorporation into ecological models or experimental designs can result in inordinate complexity. Including organismal nutrient limitation in models of highly dimensional systems (i.e., those with many nutrient pools/species) presents a critical challenge. We evaluate the importance of explicitly considering microbial and animal nutrient limitation to predict ecosystem nitrogen cycling across plant‐based and detritus‐based food chains. We investigate how eight factorial scenarios of microbial, herbivore, and microbi‐detritivore (i.e., omnivores consuming microbes and detritus) nitrogen or carbon limitation alter the stocks and flows of nitrogen in an ecosystem model. We used a combination of partial derivatives of model equilibrium solutions and numerical simulations using randomly drawn parameter sets to explore the impact of each nutrient limitation scenario on nutrient stocks and flows. We show that switching microbes, herbivores, or microbi‐detritivores from nitrogen to carbon limitation consistently altered the ecosystem response to changes in inorganic nitrogen supply, plant C:N ratio, and microbial C:N ratio. Organism nutrient limitation changed ecosystem nitrogen flows by altering the feedbacks between the abiotic and biotic pools. For example, microbi‐detritivore nutrient limitation determined whether the microbial response to changes in inorganic nitrogen supply and C:N ratios was dependent on the size of detrital carbon or detrital nitrogen pool. Such correlated responses among biotic and abiotic pools set up a network of predictable changes in ecosystem properties sensitive to organism nutrient limitation. Scenarios with microbial limitation were generally sufficient to capture the suite of ecosystem responses to increasing inorganic nitrogen supply, while scenarios with animal limitation added new behavior whenever C:N ratios changed. We make the case for explicitly considering both microbial and animal nutrient limitation when predicting the flow and distribution of nitrogen across green and brown food chains.
Depression and suicidal ideation in high‐performance athletes suffering from low back pain: The role of stress and pain‐related thought suppression
Authors: Konietzny Kerstin , Chehadi Omar , Levenig Claudia , Kellmann Michael , Kleinert Jens , Mierswa Tobias , Hasenbring Monika Ilona 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDepression and suicidal ideation are important health problems in athletes suffering from pain. Dysfunctional pain cognitions, that is, pain‐related thought suppression (PTS), may play an important role in their aetiology. Thought suppression was shown to increase depressive mood, particularly in highly stressed individuals. This cross‐sectional study examines the relationship between PTS and stress on depression and suicidal ideation in athletes with pain.MethodsA total of 159 athletes with non‐specific low back pain completed a set of questionnaires to measure PTS, depression and stress. Participants were split into groups with high and low stress, and high and low PTS. Two‐way ANOVA calculated main effects for PTS, stress and a PTS*stress interaction, with depressive symptoms as dependent. Subsequently, distribution tests were calculated, investigating if the presence of clinically relevant depression and suicidal ideation is dependent of conditions of high/low PTS and stress.ResultsA main effect of stress demonstrated higher depression scores in highly stressed athletes. Further, a significant PTS*stress interaction showed elevated depression scores in athletes with high PTS and high stress. Distribution analysis revealed positive associations between PTS, stress and depression, with depression being most frequent among athletes with high PTS and high stress. Suicidal ideation was not significantly associated with PTS and only weakly correlated with stress.ConclusionsOur findings show that PTS is the most common pain response in athletes with pain. The results indicate a higher prevalence of depression and elevated depressive symptoms in athletes experiencing high stress, seemingly more pronounced when highly engaging in PTS.SignificanceThis study contributes to the understanding of depression in athletes with pain, suggesting stress and pain‐related thought suppression to increase symptoms and prevalence of depression. As athletes often experience acute or chronic pain, understanding the impact of pain cognitions on health outcomes is an important step in the optimization of treatments.
Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate as a Chemical Indicator for Phthalic Acid Esters: An Investigation into Phthalic Acid Esters in Cultivated Fields and E-Waste Dismantling Sites
Authors: Liu Shuangshuang , Peng Yuanfeng , Lin Qintie , Xiao Rongbo , Luo Haoyu , Liao Xiaoyong , Yin Guangcai , Liu Qianjun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) represent an ongoing pollution problem and have attracted extensive attention due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. We investigated the distribution of 6 PAEs (benzyl butyl phthalate [BBP], dibutyl phthalate [DBP], di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP], diethyl phthalate [DEP], dimethyl phthalate [DMP], and di-n-octyl phthalate [DnOP]) in cultivated soils, including vegetable fields and paddy fields, as well as the soils of E-waste dismantling sites. We also explored the relationship between the particle size of soils and the distribution of PAEs, put forward a novel method to forecast the occurrence and fate of PAEs in soils with DEHP used as a chemical indicator, and made a preliminary assessment of the potential ecological risks of the 6 target compounds in soils. The results showed that the detection rate of target PAEs was 100%, and that the concentrations of ∑6PAEs ranged from 1.2 to 7.3 mg/kg in vegetable fields, 1.2 to 1.5 mg/kg in paddy fields, and 11.8 to 17.9 mg/kg in E-waste dismantling sites. In addition, DEHP exhibited the maximum concentrations (0.480–15.34 mg/kg) in all soil samples. The results also showed that in the wake of decreasing particle size, increasing soil organic carbon would enhance the sorption of PAEs in soils. Moreover, the correlation formula of DEHP successfully predicted the concentrations of other PAEs and ∑ 6PAEs in soils, suggesting that DEHP could be a dependable chemical indicator for forecasting the environmental occurrence of PAEs in soils. Based on the residual levels in the trial sites and limited toxicity data, high risks to soil organisms are expected for DBP, DEP, and DEHP, and low–medium risks for BBP, DnOP, and DMP. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1–11. © 2019 SETAC
Direct and Unobtrusive Measures of Informal STEM Education Outcomes
Authors: Fu Alice C. , Kannan Archana , Shavelson Richard J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe free‐choice nature of informal STEM education (ISE) makes rigorous and contextually appropriate evaluation of outcomes challenging. Traditional measures such as surveys and interviews have been widely used in ISE evaluations, but they have limitations: They are typically self‐reports that are susceptible to the reactive effects of measurement, and they tend to intrude upon the participant's learning experience. The ISE field needs measures that capture outcomes in more direct and less obtrusive ways, permitting triangulation with multiple measures on outcomes. In this chapter, we define what we mean by direct and unobtrusive measures, and we discuss the feasibility and future of using such measures in ISE evaluations by drawing on examples from the field. We include a case study in which we adapt a school‐based performance assessment to embed into the informal learning experiences of participants at a STEM tinkering workshop; and we highlight successes, challenges, and implications for the future.
Shared Measures for Evaluating Common Outcomes of Informal STEM Education Experiences
Authors: Grack Nelson Amy , Goeke Megan , Auster Ryan , Peterman Karen , Lussenhop Alexander 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince the late 2000s, interest in the development and use of shared measures in the informal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education (ISE) field has increased. The intent is to build the capacity of evaluators to measure common outcomes of ISE experiences. We begin this chapter with a definition of shared measures, a description of related technical qualities of these measures, and a discussion of benefits and concerns around the use of shared measures. We then review recent conversations and developments around shared measures, including examples of observational and survey tools to measure common ISE outcomes. Three case studies of shared measure efforts provide an in‐depth look into the development of shared survey measures and highlight promising lessons for future initiatives. Building from these successes, we outline recommendations for the future of shared measures in ISE. These include adopting a multifaceted approach to enhancing measurement capacity among evaluators, supporting new kinds of collaborative work among evaluators, and increasing access to instruments and tools.
Evaluating Informal STEM Education: Issues and Challenges in Context
Authors: Allen Sue , Peterman Karen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe define “informal STEM education” and explain some of the reasons its outcomes are so inherently challenging to evaluate, including the critical need for ecological validity and the fact that many informal learning experiences are low‐visibility and opportunistic. We go on to highlight significant advances in the field, starting with the fundamental embracing of learning outcomes that go well beyond narrow measures of knowledge and skills, to include interest, engagement, and identity‐building. Within that framework, we note the development of shared constructs and shared instruments emerging in multiple sectors of informal STEM education. We also highlight advances in unobtrusive instrumentation and powerful analytic techniques that make it possible to evaluate learners’ unfolding experiences more directly than ever before. Finally, we point to underlying factors that support a growing and maturing professional community of informal STEM learning evaluators, and some of the “learning ecosystem” metaphors that frame their thinking.
Association of anxiety symptoms with health care use and costs in people aged 85 and over
Authors: Hohls Johanna Katharina , König Hans‐Helmut , van den Bussche Hendrik , Eisele Marion , Wiese Birgitt , Oey Anke , Weyerer Siegfried , Werle Jochen , Fuchs Angela , Pentzek Michael , Stein Janine , Röhr Susanne , Mösch Edelgard , Bickel Horst , Heser Kathrin , Miebach Lisa , Scherer Martin , Maier Wolfgang , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Hajek André 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze the association of anxiety symptoms with health care use and costs in people aged 85 and older.MethodsBaseline data from AgeQualiDe (N = 856), a multicenter prospective cohort study of primary care patients aged 85 and older, were analyzed. Anxiety symptoms (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory—Short Form) and health care use were assessed via questionnaires. Health care use was monetarily valued using German unit costs to obtain sectoral (inpatient, outpatient, nursing care, medical supplies, and medication) and total costs. Health care use and costs were analyzed in regression models as a function of anxiety symptoms, as well as relevant covariates (predisposing, enabling, and other need characteristics based on the Behavioral Model of Health Care Use).ResultsOn a descriptive level, people with increased anxiety symptoms (12% of the sample) incurred on average € 10 909 (SD: 16 023) in the last 6 months, 31% more than those without increased anxiety (€ 8303, SD: 11 175; P = 0.12). Adjusting for predisposing, enabling, and other need characteristics, anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated with health care use or costs. Specifically, need characteristics (morbidity, cognitive decline, and functional impairment) were associated with total or sectoral costs, depending on the cost category analyzed.ConclusionIn a sample of people of the oldest‐old age group, the severity of anxiety symptoms was not associated with health care use or costs, when adjusting for relevant covariates. A longitudinal analysis could assess whether a change in anxiety symptom severity is associated with health care use or costs in old age.
Arecoline‐regulated ataxia telangiectasia mutated expression level in oral cancer progression
Authors: Tu Hsi‐Feng , Chen Michael Yuanchien , Lai Joseph Chieh‐Yui , Chen Yi‐Ling , Wong Yih‐Wen , Yang Cheng‐Chieh , Chen Hsin‐Yuan , Hsia Shih‐Min , Shih Yin‐Hwa , Shieh Tzong‐Ming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtaxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) regulates DNA repair and cell cycle. The present study analyzed arecoline‐induced ATM expression during oral cancer progression.MethodsIn vitro studies were performed using oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines treated with arecoline to analyze cell response and ATM regulation. in vivo studies were performed using immunohistochemistry to detect ATM expression in normal, oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and OSCC tissues.ResultsLow‐dose arecoline induced cell proliferation, ATM promoter activity, and DNA repair. High‐dose arecoline induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA damage. ATM was overexpressed in OPMD tissues but was downregulated in OSCC tissues. ATM expression level was associated with the risk of developing dysplasia, buccal‐OSCC, and with OSCC survival rate.ConclusionHigh ATM expression helps DNA repair mechanisms to maintain the cells in the OPMD stage, but low ATM expression causes DNA damage accumulation to increase cell malignancy.
Total solar eclipse effects on evapotranspiration captured by groundwater fluctuations in a Southern Appalachian fen
Authors: Wilcox Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSolar eclipses provide opportunities to observe unusual natural phenomena. This paper presents data showing that diurnal groundwater fluctuations were briefly interrupted in a Southern Appalachian fen following a total solar eclipse on August 21, 2017. Groundwater levels, which were rapidly declining in the middle of a summer afternoon, nearly stabilized following totality. This anomaly in the water‐level record was caused by reduced evapotranspiration (ET). ET was significantly lower (36% ± 11%, p < 0.02) over a 45‐min time period following the eclipse when compared with other days within the study period, although the effects were short lived and did not have a significant impact on the daily total ET (p > 0.05). These findings may prompt evaluation of existing groundwater records along the path of totality from past eclipses or plan for studies ahead of future eclipses.