bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Morphology and Diffusion Properties of Mesoporous Carbon From High-Fidelity 3D Reconstructions
Authors: Wang Wu , Svidrytski Artur , Wang Di , Villa Alberto , Hahn Horst , Tallarek Ulrich , Kübel Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA reliable quantitative analysis in electron tomography, which depends on the segmentation of the three-dimensional reconstruction, is challenging because of constraints during tilt-series acquisition (missing wedge) and reconstruction artifacts introduced by reconstruction algorithms such as the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) and Discrete Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (DART). We have carefully evaluated the fidelity of segmented reconstructions analyzing a disordered mesoporous carbon used as support in catalysis. Using experimental scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography data as well as realistic phantoms, we have quantitatively analyzed the effect on the morphological description as well as on diffusion properties (based on a random-walk particle-tracking simulation) to understand the role of porosity in catalysis. The morphological description of the pore structure can be obtained reliably both using SIRT and DART reconstructions even in the presence of a limited missing wedge. However, the measured pore volume is sensitive to the threshold settings, which are difficult to define globally for SIRT reconstructions. This leads to noticeable variations of the diffusion coefficients in the case of SIRT reconstructions, whereas DART reconstructions resulted in more reliable data. In addition, the anisotropy of the determined diffusion properties was evaluated, which was significant in the presence of a limited missing wedge for SIRT and strongly reduced for DART.
Auswirkungen außerfamiliärer frühkindlicher Betreuung auf die Entwicklung psychischer Auffälligkeiten, Risikoverhaltens und schulischer Leistung im Jugendalter
Authors: Schulz Wolfgang , Bothe Tim , Hahlweg Kurt 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Internationale Studien zu den langfristigen Auswirkungen außerfamiliärer frühkindlicher Betreuung (AFB) auf die psychische Gesundheit zeigen differentielle Effekte in Abhängigkeit der Qualität der Betreuung, dem Eintrittsalter und dem Ausmaß sozialer Benachteiligung. Die Anzahl deutscher Studien dazu ist jedoch gering. In einer deutschen Längsschnittstudie an 249 Familien wird untersucht, welche Auswirkungen AFB auf die Entwicklung psychischer Auffälligkeiten, Risikoverhalten und die Schulleistung im Jugendalter ( M=14.4 Jahre) hat. AFB führt im Vergleich zu elterlicher Betreuung zu signifikant höheren Werten psychischer Auffälligkeiten im Jugendalter. Migrationshintergrund und der Erziehungsstatus sind relevante Moderatoren. Ein frühes Eintrittsalter in die institutionelle Betreuung korreliert mit mehr psychischen Auffälligkeiten. Bei der Entscheidung von Eltern für AFB sollten das Eintrittsalter, die Qualität der Betreuung und die eigene soziale Situation berücksichtigt werden.
Transcriptome sequence resource for the cucurbit powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii
Authors: De Miccolis Angelini Rita Milvia , Pollastro Stefania , Rotondo Palma Rosa , Laguardia Cataldo , Abate Domenico , Rotolo Caterina , Faretra Francesco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPodosphaera xanthiiis the main causal agent of cucurbit powdery mildew in Southern Italy. Illumina sequencing of mRNA from twoP. xanthiiisolates of opposite mating types (MAT1-1andMAT1-2) and their sexual cross was used to obtain a detailedde novoTrinity-based assembly of the transcriptome of the fungus. Over 60 million of high-quality paired-end reads were obtained and assembled into 71,095 contigs corresponding to putative transcripts that were functionally annotated. More than 55% of the assembled transcripts (40,221 contigs) had a significant hit in BLASTx search and included sequences related to sexual compatibility and reproduction, as well as several classes of transposable elements and putative mycoviruses. The availability of these new transcriptomic data and investigations on potential source of genetic variation inP. xanthiiwill promote new insights on the pathogen and its interactions with host plants and associated microbiome.
Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the stress response crosstalk in apple (Malus × domestica) subjected to drought, cold and high salinity
Authors: Li Xingliang , Li Minji , Zhou Beibei , Yang Yuzhang , Wei Qinping , Zhang Junke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDrought, cold, and high salinity are three major abiotic stresses effecting apple tree growth and fruit production. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of crosstalk between stress responses signalling networks and identifying the genes involved in apple has potential importance for crop improvement and breeding strategies. Here, the transcriptome profiling analysis of in vitro-grown apple plants subjected to drought, cold and high salinity stress, showed a total of 377 upregulated and 211 downregulated common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to all 3 stress treatments compared with the control. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that these common DEGs were enriched in ‘metabolic process’ under the ‘biological process’ category, as well as in ‘binding’ and ‘catalytic activity’ under the ‘molecular function’ category. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that common DEGs were mainly belong to the ‘biological functions’ category and 17 DEGs were identified in ‘environmental information processing’ sub-category which may act as signal transduction components in response crosstalk regulation. Overexpression of 5 upregulated genes individually, out of these 17 common DEGs in apple calli promoted the consistent upregulation of DREB6, CBF1 and ZAT10 and increased the mass weight and antioxidase ability, implying these five common DEGs involved in multiple pathways and improved comprehensive resistance to stress.
Cryo-EM reveals the structural basis of long-range electron transport in a cytochrome-based bacterial nanowire
Authors: Filman David J. , Marino Stephen F. , Ward Joy E. , Yang Lu , Mester Zoltán , Bullitt Esther , Lovley Derek R. , Strauss Mike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectrically conductive pili from Geobacter species, termed bacterial nanowires, are intensely studied for their biological significance and potential in the development of new materials. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we have characterized nanowires from conductive G. sulfurreducens pili preparations that are composed solely of head-to-tail stacked monomers of the six-heme C-type cytochrome OmcS. The unique fold of OmcS — closely wrapped around a continuous stack of hemes that can serve as an uninterrupted path for electron transport — generates a scaffold that supports the unbranched chain of hemes along the central axis of the filament. We present here, at 3.4 Å resolution, the structure of this cytochrome-based filament and discuss its possible role in long-range biological electron transport.
MicroTools enables automated quantification of capillary density and red blood cell velocity in handheld vital microscopy
Authors: Hilty Matthias Peter , Guerci Philippe , Ince Yasin , Toraman Fevzi , Ince Can 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDirect assessment of capillary perfusion has been prioritized in hemodynamic management of critically ill patients in addition to optimizing blood flow on the global scale. Sublingual handheld vital microscopy has enabled online acquisition of moving image sequences of the microcirculation, including the flow of individual red blood cells in the capillary network. However, due to inherent content complexity, manual image sequence analysis remained gold standard, introducing inter-observer variability and precluding real-time image analysis for clinical therapy guidance. Here we introduce an advanced computer vision algorithm for instantaneous analysis and quantification of morphometric and kinetic information related to capillary blood flow in the sublingual microcirculation. We evaluated this technique in a porcine model of septic shock and resuscitation and cardiac surgery patients. This development is of high clinical relevance because it enables implementation of point-of-care goal-directed resuscitation procedures based on correction of microcirculatory perfusion in critically ill and perioperative patients.
Protective effect of polaprezinc on cadmium-induced injury of lung epithelium
Authors: Kimura Kazuma , Nakano Yukari , Sugizaki Toshifumi , Shimoda Mikako , Kobayashi Nahoko , Kawahara Masahiro , Tanaka Ken-ichiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCadmium is a toxic metal contained in food, water and the atmosphere, and exposure to cadmium can cause respiratory diseases in humans. Various health problems caused by cadmium result from oxidative stress-dependent cellular injury. Metallothioneins are intracellular, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins that have a detoxifying action on heavy metals such as cadmium in various organs. In addition, expression of metallothioneins is induced by metals with low biological toxicity, such as zinc. Therefore, in this study we examined whether polaprezinc, a chelate compound consisting of carnosine and zinc, can suppress cadmium-induced lung epithelial cell death. We found that cell viability markers (intracellular ATP levels and mitochondrial activity) and cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase release) were decreased and increased, respectively by cadmium treatment; however, polaprezinc significantly reversed these changes. Moreover, cadmium-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress responses were suppressed by polaprezinc treatment. We then examined the protective mechanisms of polaprezinc, focusing on oxidative stress. Cadmium induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner and polaprezinc significantly suppressed this cadmium-induced ROS production. Finally, we examined whether polaprezinc exerts an antioxidative action by inducing metallothioneins. We found that polaprezinc dose-dependently induced metallothioneins using real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and western blotting analyses. These results indicate that polaprezinc can suppress cadmium-induced lung epithelial cell death and oxidative stress by inducing metallothioneins. We therefore suggest that polaprezinc may have therapeutic effects against respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Allosteric, transcriptional and post-translational control of mitochondrial energy metabolism
Authors: Karwi Qutuba G. , Jörg Alice R. , Lopaschuk Gary D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The heart is the organ with highest energy turnover rate (per unit weight) in our body. The heart relies on its flexible and powerful catabolic capacity to continuously generate large amounts of ATP utilizing many energy substrates including fatty acids, carbohydrates (glucose and lactate), ketones and amino acids. The normal health mainly utilizes fatty acids (40–60%) and glucose (20–40%) for ATP production while ketones and amino acids have a minor contribution (10–15% and 1–2%, respectively). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to cardiac energy production (95%) while cytosolic glycolysis has a marginal contribution (5%). The heart can dramatically and swiftly switch between energy-producing pathways and/or alter the share from each of the energy substrates based on cardiac workload, availability of each energy substrate and neuronal and hormonal activity. The heart is equipped with a highly sophisticated and powerful mitochondrial machinery which synchronizes cardiac energy production from different substrates and orchestrates the rate of ATP production to accommodate its contractility demands. This review discusses mitochondrial cardiac energy metabolism and how it is regulated. This includes a discussion on the allosteric control of cardiac energy metabolism by short-chain coenzyme A esters, including malonyl CoA and its effect on cardiac metabolic preference. We also discuss the transcriptional level of energy regulation and its role in the maturation of cardiac metabolism after birth and cardiac adaptability for different metabolic conditions and energy demands. The role post-translational modifications, namely phosphorylation, acetylation, malonylation, succinylation and glutarylation, play in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism is also discussed.
High‐frequency resonant operation of an integrated medium‐voltage SiC MOSFET power module
Authors: Jørgensen Asger Bjørn , Aunsborg Thore Stig , Bęczkowski Szymon , Uhrenfeldt Christian , Munk‐Nielsen Stig 
Published: June 2019

Industrial processes which use induction and dielectric heating are still relying on resonant converters based on vacuum tubes. New emerging medium‐voltage silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor power devices have a potential to replace vacuum tubes and allow for more efficient and compact converters in the high‐frequency range. High‐voltage packages have been proposed in the literature that are suitable for the 10 kV SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs), and its fast voltage switching capabilities in hard‐switched applications have been demonstrated. However, no packaging is presented which allows the high‐frequency operation of a 10 kV SiC MOSFET die. This study proposes the design of a power module for MHz resonant operation of a 10 kV SiC MOSFET. At high switching frequencies, the gate losses become substantial, thus the gate driver is included inside the power module package to ensure a low inductive and high thermally conductive design as seen from the gate driver. The inductance of the proposed power module layout structure is evaluated using ANSYS Q3D Extractor. The thermal performance of the integrated gate‐driver circuitry is experimentally verified. Finally, the resonant operation of a medium‐voltage SiC MOSFET power module is demonstrated experimentally at 1 MHz.
Classification of low-luminosity stellar X-ray sources in the field of the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Saeedi Sara , Sasaki Manami , Stelzer Beate , Ducci Lorenzo 
Published: June 2019

Aims. A previous study of the X-ray luminosity function of the X-ray sources in the Draco dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy field indicates the presence of a population of unknown X-ray sources in the soft energy range of 0.5–2 keV. In 2015, there were twenty-six further deep XMM-Newton observations of Draco dSph, providing an opportunity for a new study of the as yet unclassified sources.
Methods. We applied the classification criteria presented in our previous multi-wavelength study of the X-ray sources of the Draco dSph to the sources detected in the combined 2009 and 2015 XMM-Newton data set. These criteria are based on X-ray studies and properties of the optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared counterparts and allows us to distinguish background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and galaxies from other types of X-ray sources. In this work we performed X-ray spectral and timing analyses for fifteen sources in the field of Draco dSph with stellar counterparts.
Results. We present the classification of X-ray sources, for which the counterpart is identified as a stellar object based on our criteria from multi-wavelength data. We identify three new symbiotic stars in the Draco dSph with X-ray luminosities between ∼3.5 × 1034 erg s−1 and 5.5 × 1034 erg s−1. The X-ray spectral analysis shows that two of the classified symbiotic stars are β-type. This is the first identification of this class of symbiotic stars in a nearby galaxy. Eight sources are classified as Galactic M dwarfs in the field of the Draco dSph. These M dwarfs are between ∼140 and 800 pc distant, with X-ray luminosities are between 1028 and 1029 erg s−1 and logarithmic ratios of X-ray to bolometric luminosity, log(LX/Lbol), between −3.4 and −2.1. The multiple observations allowed us to investigate flare activity of the M dwarfs. For 5 M dwarfs flare(s) are observed with a significance of > 3σ level of confidence. Moreover, we classified three foreground sources, located at distances of the order of ∼1–3 kpc in the field of the Draco dSph. Based on both the X-ray luminosities of these foreground sources (> 1030 erg s−1) and their optical counterparts (late type G or K stars), these X-ray sources are classified as candidates of contact binary systems.
Conclusions. Our study of X-ray sources of the Draco dSph shows that accreting white dwarfs are the most promising X-ray population of dSphs, which is in line with theoretical expectations. The number of Galactic M dwarfs detected at our X-ray sensitivity limit is consistent with the expectation based on the space density of M dwarfs.
High-resolution observations with ARTEMIS-JLS and the NRH
Authors: Alissandrakis C. E. , Bouratzis C. , Hillaris A. 
Published: June 2019

Aims. We study the characteristics of intermediate drift bursts (fibers) embedded in a large type-IV event.
Methods. We used high-sensitivity, low-noise dynamic spectra obtained with the acousto-optic analyzer (SAO) of the ARTEMIS-JLS solar radiospectrograph, in conjunction with high time-resolution images from the Nançay radioheliograph (NRH) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) to study fiber bursts during the large solar event of July 14, 2000. We computed both 2D and 1D images and applied high pass time filtering to the images and the dynamic spectrum in order to enhance the fiber-associated emission. For the study of the background continuum emission we used images averaged over several seconds.
Results. Practically all fibers visible in the SAO dynamic spectra are identifiable in the NRH images. Fibers were first detected after the primary energy release in a moving type-IV event, probably associated with the rapid eastward expansion of the flare and the post-flare loop arcade. We found that fibers appeared as a modulation of the continuum intensity with a root mean square value of the order of 10%. Both the fibers and the continuum were strongly circularly polarized in the ordinary mode sense, indicating plasma emission at the fundamental. We detected a number of discrete fiber emission sources along two parallel stripes of ∼300 Mm in length, apparently segments of large-scale loops encompassing both the EUV loops and the CME-associated flux rope. We found cases of multiple fiber emissions appearing at slightly different positions and times; their consecutive appearance can give the impression of apparent motion with supra-luminal velocities. Images of individual fibers were very similar at 432.0 and 327.0 MHz. From the position shift of the sources and the time delays at low and high frequencies, we estimated the exciter speed and the frequency scale length along the loops for a well-observed group of fibers; we obtained consistent values from imaging and spectral data, supporting the whistler origin of the fiber emission. Finally we found that fibers in emission and fibers in absorption are very similar, confirming that they are manifestations of the same wave train.
The complex case of MACS J0717.5+3745 and its extended filament: intra-cluster light, galaxy luminosity function, and galaxy orientations
Authors: Ellien A. , Durret F. , Adami C. , Martinet N. , Lobo C. , Jauzac M. 
Published: June 2019

Context. The properties of galaxies are known to be affected by their environment, but although galaxies in clusters and groups have been quite thoroughly investigated, little is known about galaxies belonging to filaments of the cosmic web, or about the properties of the filaments themselves.
Aims. Here we investigate the properties of the rich cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 and its extended filament by analyzing the distribution and fractions of intra-cluster light (ICL) in its core and by trying to detect intra-filament light (IFL) in the filament. We analyze the galaxy luminosity function (GLF) of the cluster core and of the filament. We also study the orientations of galaxies in the filament to better constrain the filament properties.
Methods. This work is based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archive data, both from the Hubble Frontier Fields in the F435W, F606W, F814W, and F105W bands, and from a mosaic of images in the F606W and F814W bands. The spatial distribution of the ICL was determined with our new wavelet-based software, DAWIS. The GLFs were extracted in the F606W and F814W bands, with a statistical subtraction of the background, and fit with Schechter functions. The galaxy orientations in the filaments were estimated with SExtractor after correction for the point spread function.
Results. We detect a large amount of ICL in the cluster core, but no IFL in the cosmic filament. The fraction of ICL in the core peaks in the F606W filter before decreasing with wavelength. Though relatively noisy, the GLFs in the filament are notably different from those of field galaxies, with a flatter faint end slope and an excess of bright galaxies. We do not detect a significant alignment of the galaxies in the filament region analyzed.
The turbulent response to tidal and libration forcing
Authors: Favier B. , Grannan A. , Le Reun T. , Aurnou J. , Le Bars M. 
Published: June 2019

In conjunction with thermo-solutal convection, the turbulence generated in planetary liquid cores may be due to the role of boundary forcing through geophysically relevant mechanisms such as precession, libration and tidal forcing (Le Bars et al. 2015). In this paper, we discuss laboratory equatorial velocity measurements and selected high-resolution numerical simulations to show the generation of developed turbulence driven by longitudinal libration or tidal forcing. In both cases, the transition to saturated turbulence is driven by an elliptical instability that excites inertial modes of the system. We find striking similarities in both the transition to bulk turbulence and the enhanced zonal flow hinting at a generic fluid response independent of the forcing mechanism. We finally discuss the relevance of this work to the planetary regime and possible directions for future investigations.
Excitation of internal gravity waves by penetrative convection
Authors: Pinçon C. , Belkacem K. , Goupil M.J. 
Published: June 2019

We investigate the ability of internal gravity waves that are generated by penetrative convection to redistribute angular momentum in the internal radiative zone of evolved low-mass stars. To do so, we use the semianalytical excitation model recently proposed by Pinçonet al. 2016. We briefly report the preliminary results of the study focusing on the subgiant and red giant branch stars.
Physikalische Therapie der nicht exsudativen altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration
Authors: Lauermann Jost Lennart , Eter Nicole , Alten Florian 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungTrotz des Erfolgs der Anti-VEGF-Therapien (VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor) bei der neovaskulären altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration (AMD) im zurückliegenden Jahrzehnt gibt es zahlreiche noch ungelöste Herausforderungen in der AMD-Therapie. Um Patientengesundheit zu verbessern und Gesundheitssysteme zu entlasten, erscheint die Entwicklung neuer Interventionsmöglichkeiten von großer Wichtigkeit, die bereits die Progression einer AMD-Frühform in eine Spätform verhindern oder verzögern können. Im Bereich der physikalischen Behandlungsansätze der nicht exsudativen AMD gibt es bis dato kein anerkanntes Therapieverfahren. Es erscheint gegenwärtig sinnvoll, die Forschungsbemühungen im Bereich der intraokularen Blaufilterlinsen und der Subthreshold-Laserbehandlung im Rahmen prospektiver Studien weiterzuverfolgen. Der folgende Artikel soll eine Übersicht über die aktuellen Strategien einer physikalischen Therapie der nicht exsudativen AMD geben.