bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comportamiento epidemiológico de Cystoisospora suis en granjas porcinas ubicadas en la región central de Venezuela
Authors: Pinilla León Juan Carlos , Da Silva Borges Natalia 
Published: April 2018

Se condujo una investigación en Venezuela durante el año 2016 con el propósito de estudiar el comportamiento epidemiológico de Cystoisospora suis. Se incluyeron 67 granjas porcinas intensivas con antecedentes de diarrea neonatal. Para la determinación parasitaria se seleccionaron 572 camadas, así como 1,712 muestras fecales de cerdos adultos. En todas las granjas se aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica escrita. Todas las muestras se cultivaron en dicromato de potasio al 2.5% y posteriormente se procesaron con una técnica copro-parasitológica. Los resultados señalan que C. suis se encontró en 55 de 67 granjas (82.1 %) y 210 camadas (36.7 %), con los mayores valores de frecuencia en las dos primeras semanas de vida (P<0.05). Al referir los resultados en cerdos adultos se encontró correlación significativa (rho= 0.35; P<0.05) entre infección de lechones y cerdas, lo que sugiere que cerdas madres podrían actuar como fuentes de infección. El número de partos se encontró estadísticamente correlacionado con los valores de frecuencia en camadas y cerdas (P<0.05), lo que indica que, a mayor número de partos, disminuye la frecuencia. Probablemente estos hallazgos se asocian con mecanismos inmunológicos desconocidos. La infección en camadas menores a tres días de edad, presupone la existencia de alguna ruta alternativa de la infección. Se concluye que C. suis se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en la región central de Venezuela y que pudiera ser controlada mejorando las condiciones sanitarias de las granjas; sin embargo, mecanismos inmunológicos aún sin dilucidar podrían estar involucrados en la transmisión del protozoario.
PENGARUH JENIS ASAM ALAMI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL DALAM DAGING IKAN TERI (Stelophorus indicus Sp) ASAL TELUK PALU
Authors: Sipa Yulita Nelin , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Ihwan Ihwan 
Published: April 2018

Research on the effect of type natural acid against decline of content heavy metals plumbum in meat anchovy (Stelophorus indicus Sp) origin bay Palu. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of acid used in dissolving levels of plumbum as heavy metals for 1 hour immersion and to determine the number of levels of heavy metals of lead that can be dissolved during immersion 1 hour. This study begins with a sample digestion using nitric acid, further qualitative test reagents dithizon 0.005% (positive), potassium iodide (positive) and sodium carbonate (postitif). Qualitative results test that showed a positive result then measured in metal content of plumbum using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) at λ 283.3 nm. Then soaking using tamarind are 5%, acetic acid 10%, the filtrate pineapple 100%, starfruit 100% and lime 25% for 1 hour at room temperature, after measuring the metal content of plumbum with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in λ 283.3. The results show levels of heavy metals plumbum before immersion average of 0.8 mg/kg, the average concentration of heavy metals plumbum after soaking tamarind 5% amounting to 0.787 mg/kg (1.64%), 10% acetic acid at 0.789 mg/kg (1.39%), pineapple filtrate 100% of 0.7882 mg/kg (1.49%), starfruit 100% 0.789 mg/kg (1.39%) and lime 25% of 0.7916 mg/kg (1.06%). Thus tamarind 5% is the best type of acid to reduce levels of plumbum metal in Palu bay anchovy origin.Keywords: Acid, Anchovy (Stelophorus indicus Sp), Content, Plumbum
Sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Campus Guairá, 2017.
Authors: Gómez Oviedo José Alberto , Bogado Oviedo Juan José , Mimbi Cardus Sara , Arbe Vera Yessica Edith , Rios González Carlos Miguel , González Ferreira Fernando Nicolás 
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Católica Campus Guairá durante abril de 2017. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal con muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados. Se aplicó el Test de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg de 18 ítems, utilizando como instrumento una encuesta anónima y voluntaria a los alumnos del primer al sexto curso de medicina de la Universidad Católica Campus Guairá. Resultados: Se evaluó a 168 estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Campus Guaira, el 66,07% fue del sexo femenino. Se halló una prevalencia de sintomatología de ansiedad de un 75,60%; de depresión, de un 65,48%; y conjunta (ansiedad y depresión), de 58,93%. En el sexo femenino el 70,63% tenían sintomatología de ansiedad y 65,07% sintomatología de depresión. Conclusión: Se encontró una prevalencia de sintomatología de ansiedad de 75,60 y depresiva de 65,48% en los estudiantes de medicinas participantes del estudio. La mayor proporción de sintomatologías se pudo observar en el sexo femenino.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Estudiantes de medicina; Ansiedad; Depresión.
PROBLEMATIC SIDES IN IMPLEMENTING LEARNER-CENTERED INSTRUCTION PARADIGM IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM
Authors: Kardena Absharini 
Published: April 2018

ASALAHAN DALAM PENERAPAN PARADIGMA LEARNER-CENTERED INSTRUCTION DALAM KELAS BAHASA INGGRIS AbstractThe implementation of Learner-Centered Instruction paradigm (LCI) is closely related to the role of teachers and students in the classroom. Roles that are run by teachers and students contribute to the successful of LCI implementation. In fact, LCI is still not going well, especially in MAN Solok. Indications suggest that the problems encountered in the implementation of the LCI are closely related to the way teachers and students in implementing their role. This article discusses the implementation of the respective roles of teachers and students in MAN Solok. In addition, this article also discusses the problems arised in the implementation of LCI and its causes.AbstrakPenerapan paradigma Learner-Centered Instruction (LCI) berkaitan erat dengan peran guru dan siswa dalam kelas. Peran yang dijalankan oleh guru dan siswa berkontribusi terhadap keberhasilan pelaksanaan LCI. Pada kenyataannya, LCI masih belum berjalan dengan baik, khususnya di MAN Kota Solok. Indikasi-indikasi yang ada menunjukkan bahwa masalah yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan LCI berkaitan erat dengan cara guru serta siswa dalam menjalankan peran mereka masing-masing. Artikel ini membahas pelaksanaan peran masing-masing guru dan siswa di MAN Kota Solok. Selain itu, artikel ini juga membahas masalah yang muncul dalam pelaksanaan LCI beserta penyebab-penyebabnya.Kata Kunci: implementasi, learner-centered instruction,paradigma, kelas bahasa Inggris
LANGUAGE PRODUCTION STRATEGY WHICH POTENTIALLY CAUSING ERROR IN JAPANESE: Modification Error in Students’ Doushi in Bunpo Test
Authors: Zalman Hendri 
Published: April 2018

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the results of Japanese error analysis research in Indonesia which always indicates on mother language interference factor and competency factor as the cause of error. Therefore, this study has a purpose to prove it and find the cause of language errors from the student side, that is the strategy that students do when producing language (modification doshi). The results of this study indicate that the cause of student error in modifying doshi there are three factors. These factors are performance, competence, and generalization factors (student strategy). Keywords: language production strategy, error, performance, competence, generalization. STRATEGI PEMRODUKSIAN BAHASA YANG BERPOTENSI MEMUNCULKAN KESALAHAN: Kesalahan Modifikasi Doushi pada Tes Bunpo MahasiswaAbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena hasil-hasil penelitian analisis kesalahan berbahasa Jepang di Indonesia yang selalu mengindikasikan pada faktor interferensi bahasa ibu dan faktor kompetensi sebagai penyebab kesalahan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk membuktikannya dan menemukan penyebab kesalahan berbahasa dari sisi mahasiswa, yaitu strategi yang dilakukan mahasiswa ketika memroduksi bahasa (modifikasi doshi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyebab kesalahan mahasiswa dalam memodifikasi doshi ada tiga faktor. Faktor tersebut adalah performansi, kompetensi, dan faktor generalisasi (strategi mahasiswa).Kata Kunci: strategi pemroduksian bahasa, error, performansi, kompetensi, generalisasi.
METODE AUDIO-LINGUAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KAIWA
Authors: Yani Damai 
Published: April 2018

AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD IN TEACHING KAIWAJapanese is one of the foreign languages studied in Indonesia nowadays. As a means of communication, one of the the most important skill is speaking or conversation skill or kaiwa in Japanese. This paper aims at describing the audio-lingual method in teaching kaiwa for the first year of Japanese language students. The audio-lingual method emphasizes on repetition. It is done for time efficiency in learning a language. The mimicry-memorize technique is used in the implementation of the audio-lingual method in learning kaiwa. The students are promoted to kaiwa and are asked to memorize it. After memorizing it, they are later asked to practice. This technique requires them to be actively involved especially in speaking despite of their fear. Keywords: audio-lingual, kaiwa , mimicry-memoize, percakapan
DESIGNING ESP COURSES IN INDONESIA: WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?
Authors: Askar Kusni 
Published: April 2018

This article is intended to expose the implication of the results of two long surveys on the existence of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) as a compulsory subject with various names at different universities and colleges in Indonesia. In my first research, it was found out that ESP courses were misleading, misconduct, and amburadul. This situation happened not only at the small and developing universities but also at the established and well-known universities such as University of Indonesia, Padjadjaran University, and Gadjah Mada University. This year (2007), I conducted another research funded by the government on the same topic but different research subjects at some universities in West Sumatera (Andalas Univeristy, State University of Padang, Bung Hatta University, and Eka Sakti University), particularly at three different study programs: Accounting, Engineering, and Physics. The data of this research were collected from totally 270 students, 12 ESP lecturers, 9 heads of study programs, 9 senior lecturers, and 3 TEFL experts. The findings of this research supported the previous findings that ESP faces critical problems in its design and implementation for limited professionalism of human resources. Almost all of the lecturers of the ESP courses were never been particularly prepared and trained to teach ESP. No other parties of stakeholders felt responsible for the ESP program, but the ESP lecturer. From the findings of the two researches, the question arises ‘Who should be responsible for the ESP in Indonesia?”
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN PENGELOLA, IKLIM KOMUNIKASI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA TUTOR PADA PKBM KARANG PUTIH KELURAHAN BATU GADANG KECAMATAN LUBUK KILANGAN KOTA PADANG
Authors: Azni Fithri , Mukhaiyar Mukhaiyar , Rusdinal Rusdinal 
Published: April 2018

The tutor performance at PKBM was a critical success factors of an organization. Based on initial survey on the performance of tutors PKBM Karang Putih Kelurahan Batu Gadang Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan Kota Padang was found that the performance is still low. The symptoms are thought to relate closely with the management leadership, communication climate, work motivation. This study aims to determine empirically how much influence the management leadership, the communication climate, the work motivation to the performance of tutors, the the management leadership through work motivation to the performance of tutors, the communication climate through work motivation to the performance of tutors.The performance of tutor’s at PKBM Karang Putih Kelurahan Batu Gadang Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan Kota Padang can be increased by improving the leadership of organizer, communications climate and work motivation.
ASSIGNING STUDENTS TO LISTEN TO THE ENGLISH NEWS IN LISTENING COURSE
Authors: Adnan Aryuliva 
Published: April 2018

This paper presents one of the ways to improve students’ listening ability in Listening 2 Course. At the English Department of Universitas Negeri Padang listening skill is taught in three different subjects, Listening 1, Listening 2 and Advanced Listening. Listening 2, provides students with the materials of oral communication by English native speakers and English nonnative speakers. Looking at the materials used for Listening 2, it seems that the book does not have enough tasks for the students for it has only two or three tasks for each unit. Those tasks are done in the classroom, and there is no task for homework. Learning Listening as a language skill needs practice inside and outside the classroom. To overcome the lack of task for Listening subject, assigning students to listen to the English news is one of the ways that can be done by the teachers. By assigning students to listen to the English news, whether radio or TV news, will give them real experiences in understanding spoken language. To ensure the students listen to the news, they have to record and submit the news and the tape script of the news as well Keywords: assigning, English radio/TV news
FUNGSI DAN PERAN TINDAK TUTUR IMPERATIF TIDAK LANGSUNG DALAM BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Yulia Nova 
Published: April 2018

By using the indirect imperative speech acts, someone can give an order to other people without making the other person feel that he/she is being ordered or demeaned. However, sometimes the other person does not understand the meaning or message conveyed by the speaker. It can be based on the intention to keep the feeling of the partner in speaking in order not to feel like being ordered. Japanese language has a lot of forms of indirect speech imperative which are expressed pragmatically. This paper presents various forms of indirect speech imperative in Japanese language and when the utterance is used. Besides, this paper also discuss the variation of the imperative form of indirect speech act. Key words: speech act, imperative, sociolinguistics.
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Siregar Rosliana 
Published: April 2018

This research aim to know of difference between result learn the studentmathematics taught by using strategy of study cooperative type STAD and result oflearning student mathematics by using strategy of study ekspositori. The method isquasi experiment. This research is executed SMP Negeri 11 Medan. Instrumentused together the data test result of learning and enquette motivate to haveachievement. Technique analysis the data used by ANAVA 2x2. The result analysisof research indicate that result learn the student mathematics taught by usingstrategy study of higher type STAD cooperative than result learn the studentmathematics taught by using strategy of study ekspositori (Fcalculate = 4,698 >Ftabel = 3,96; there are difference which signifikan of result learn the studentmathematics having high achievement motivation with the student having lowmotivation achievement, (Fcalculate = 27,9 > Ftabel = 3,96), and there areinteraction between study strategy and motivate to have achievement in influencingresult learn the student mathematics (Fcalculate = 12,45 > Ftabel = 3,96). Result ofinferential research that strategy study of better type STAD cooperative taught tostudent having motivation have high achievement and good study ekspositoristrategy used to student having motivation have low achievement and there areinteraction of study strategy and motivate the to have achievement.
Efficacy and safety assessment of microbiological feed additive for chicken broilers in tolerance studies
Authors: Kupryś-Caruk Marta , Michalczuk Monika , Chabłowska Beata , Stefańska Ilona , Kotyrba Danuta , Parzeniecka-Jaworska Marta 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Introduction
One aim of the study was to evaluate the impact when added to feed of the two potentially probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum K KKP 593/p and Lactobacillus rhamnosus KKP 825 on production performance, health, and the composition of gut microbiota. The complementary aim was to assess the safety of these strains in broiler rearing.

Material and Methods
A total of 500 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were divided into four groups. The experimental factor was the admixture of bacterial preparation to the feed at different doses: the recommended maximum dose, a dose ten times higher, the recommended minimum dose, and a zero dose for the control group not receiving bacteria.

Results
Addition of bacteria to the diets did not have a significant effect on the final body weight, final body weight gain, nor total feed intake or feed conversion. However, lactic acid bacteria had a positive effect on chicken health. Mortality among chickens fed with LAB was reduced. Moreover, LAB feeding inhibited the growth of Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens in the intestines. There were no significant differences in chicken performance by dose of bacteria in the feed. The group dosed with LAB ten times higher than the recommended maximum did not demonstrate changes in biochemical or haematological parameters of blood compared to the remaining groups.

Conclusion
Feeding chicken broilers with two potentially probiotic LAB strains is safe and impacts animal health positively.
Toxicological evaluation of flumequine in pubertal male rats after oral administration for six weeks
Authors: Kang JeongWoo , Hossain Md Akil , Choi Byungkook , Cho Joon-Hyoung , Kang Seok-Jin , Ku Hyun-Ok , Jeong Sang-Hee , Kang Hwan-Goo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Veterinarians use flumequine (FLU) widely but its toxicological effects are still unclear.

Material and Methods
FLU doses of 53, 200, or 750 mg/kg were administered orally for six weeks to pubertal male rats for evaluation of their toxicity.

Results
Weight gain was poorer after seven days of exposure to FLU 750, but relative weights of the brain, adrenal and thyroid glands, and testes were notably higher. Haematological and lipid profile parameters, cardiac markers, and inorganic phosphate significantly increased in the FLU 750 group. Blood glucose, oestradiol and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and E (IgE) significantly decreased after treatment. The levels of interleukins 10 (IL-10) and 6 (IL-6) fell significantly in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups. Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression amplified after treatment. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) reduced in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups without changes in total T3 or T4 level. All doses of FLU significantly depressed concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and testosterone. Histopathology of thyroid glands from rats treated with FLU 750 showed degeneration and depletion of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the brain, but decreased in the testes. Expression of CYP1A1 increased in the adrenal and pituitary glands.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the toxicity of FLU in rats is an effect of its disruptive influence on the pituitary-thyroid hormonal system and on the dysfunction of the immune system.
Study of troponin, creatine kinase biomarkers, and histopathological lesions in experimental Nerium oleander toxicity in rats and mice
Authors: Khordadmehr Monireh , Nazifi Saeed 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Introduction

Nerium oleander is a plant of the Apocynaceae family toxic to humans, animals, and insects. This study was performed to determine the cardiac and neurotoxicity of the plant extract by oral administration in Wistar rats and Balb/c mice and to compare the susceptibility of these animal models to oleander toxicity.

Material and Methods
Four groups of eight mice and eight rats received N. oleander extract orally while a fifth group was the control. Serum concentrations of the biochemical toxicity indicators, namely troponin and creatine kinase (CK), were determined and histopathological evaluation of the heart and brain was performed.

Results
In mice, CK and troponin concentrations were respectively 1.5 and 7 times higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), while in rats, they were 6–7 and 11 times higher. Hyperaemia, haemorrhage, and myofibrolysis, without infiltration of inflammatory cells, were observed in the heart. In the brain the authors observed hyperaemia associated with perivascular and perineuronal oedema, and in higher-dosed rats multifocal haemorrhagic and liquefactive necrotic lesions.

Conclusion
Oleander can affect serum levels of CK and troponin due to nervous and cardiac injuries. Rats showed more severe changes in the biochemical indicators and histopathological lesions than mice. Therefore, biochemical and pathological findings indicate that Wistar rats are more susceptible to the cardiac toxicity and neurotoxicity effects of N. oleander poisoning than Balb/c mice.
Spatial variability of concentration and aggressiveness of precipitation in North-East of Algeria
Authors: Bessaklia Hanene , Ghenim Abderrahmane Nekkache , Megnounif Abdessalam , Martin-Vide Javier 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, the spatial variation of daily and monthly concentration precipitation index and its aggressiveness were used in 23 rainfall stations in the extreme north-east of Algeria over the period 1970–2010. The trend was analysed by the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. The results show that daily precipitation concentration index (CI) values are noticeably higher in places where the amount of total precipitation is low, the results of MK test show that areas of high precipitation concentration tend to increase. The seasonality and aggressiveness of precipitation are high in the eastern and western parts of the study region (eastern and central coastal of Constantine catchments), whereas a moderately seasonal distribution with low aggressiveness is found in the middle of the study area (plains and central Seybouse catchment). As a result, the modified Fournier index (MFI) has a significant correlation with annual precipitation, whereas theCIand monthly precipitation concentration index (PCI) show an opposite correlation in relation to annual precipitation.