bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The binding of boronated peptides to low affinity mammalian saccharides
Authors: Kowalczyk Wioleta , Sanchez Julie , Kraaz Phillipe , Hutt Oliver E. , Haylock David N. , Duggan Peter J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA 54‐member library of boronated octapeptides, with all but the boronated residue being proteinogenic, was tested for affinity to a set of saccharides commonly found on the terminus of mammalian glycans. After experimentation with a high‐throughput dye‐displacement assay, attention was focused on isothermal titration calorimetry as a tool to provide reliable affinity data, including enthalpy and entropy of binding. A small number of boronated peptides showed higher affinity and significant selectivity for N‐acetylneuraminic acid over methyl‐α‐d‐galactopyranoside, methyl‐α/β‐l‐fucopyranoside and N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine. Thermodynamic data showed that for most of the boronated peptides studied, saccharide binding was associated with a significant increase in entropy, presumably resulting from the displacement of semiordered water molecules from around the sugar and/or peptide.
Strategies towards the control of one‐dimensional polypyrrole nanomorphology and conductivity
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConducting polypyrrole nanotubes rank among the most conducting polymer materials and find applications in organic electronics and energy conversion devices. They are produced by the chemical oxidation of pyrrole in globular form, which converts to nanotubes or nanofibres in the presence of suitable templates and is often accompanied by a pronounced conductivity increase. This is illustrated by the anionic dye, methyl orange, where the template formation is based on azo–hydrazone tautomerism associated with hydrogen atom transfer caused by the acidity change. In other words, the soluble salt of the dye converts to an insoluble acid, and its one‐dimensional aggregates serve as a locus for the adsorption of pyrrole oligomers. This is followed by the growth of polypyrrole chains constituting the nanotube wall. Safranin, a cationic dye, produces a template by a completely different mechanism, the oxidative generation of insoluble safranin oligomers that perform with similar results. Other mechanisms of template formation are also proposed and discussed but mainly organic dyes have a significant potential to support the one‐dimensional growth of polypyrrole. The role of surfactants that affect the morphology of templates, and subsequently also of polypyrrole, is demonstrated. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanically strong shape memory polyurethane for water vapour permeable membranes
Authors: Thakur Suman , Jahid Md Anwar , Hu Jinlian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWater vapour permeable polymeric thin films possess significant importance in miscellaneous applications such as packaging, medical devices, controlled‐release systems, electronics and biosensors. In this work, a series of shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) were synthesized by a two‐step pre‐polymerization technique with variations in hard to soft segments and molecular weight of macroglycol. DSC, Fourier transform infrared spectra, dynamic TGA and tensile testing were carried out to characterize and evaluate the properties of these synthesized SMPUs. The effect of the soft segment and the molecular weight of macroglycol on the thermal properties, mechanical properties and water vapour permeability of the synthesized SMPUs were investigated to achieve a good water vapour permeable membrane. We found that the synthesized SMPUs demonstrated a good water vapour transmission rate of over 1460 g m−2 day–1 as well as robust mechanical properties with tensile strength 19.8 MPa indicating a promising permeable polymeric thin film for many potential applications, especially as protective clothing. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Dosimetric comparison of fixed‐field intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and volumetric‐modulated arc radiotherapy for preoperative rectal cancer
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Hao , Yang Ruijie , Wang Junjie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the dose distribution and delivery to organs at risk between five‐ and seven‐beam intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) for preoperative rectal cancer. The characteristics of the rectal cancer target were analyzed, and the outcomes of the different modalities were evaluated. This research could provide a reference for the selection of treatment modalities in rectal cancer radiotherapy.MethodsThree different treatment plans were used, namely five‐beam IMRT, seven‐beam IMRT, and VMAT, to compare the dose‐volume histograms, conformal index, homogeneity index, and dose delivery to organs at risk.ResultsIn terms of conformal index, the VMAT plan was the best, and the seven‐beam plan was better than the five‐beam plan (0.88 vs 0.91 vs 0.92). The homogeneity indexes were 1.08, 1.06, and 1.08, respectively. Fixed‐field IMRT was better than VMAT in terms of homogeneity index (P < 0.05). No significant differences in maximum dose within targets were found among the three treatment plans. As for organs at risk, such as the bowel and femoral head, VMAT increased V10 and V20, but showed lower values for high‐dose volumes, including V30, V40, and V50. The volumes in the low‐ and high‐dose regions were lower when comparing between the VMAT and fixed‐field plans for dose delivery to the bladder. The VMAT plan decreased the volume delivered to >30 Gy, and less than five‐ and seven‐beam plans (14%, 19%, 17%).ConclusionsFor patients undergoing radiotherapy, five‐beam IMRT, seven‐beam IMRT, and VMAT could meet the requirement of clinical treatment. However, the three modalities showed many differences. Apart from the position and volume of the target, other parameters such as the movement and the priority of organs at risk (OAR) are also important. These OARs include the bladder. VMAT could be used to reduce the high‐dose volume and injury of bone marrow such as radioactive bone marrow suppression. IMRT could reduce the probability of suffering from diarrhea and other complications.
Strongly (J,J′)‐lossless rational matrices and ℋ∞ problem
Authors: Stefanovski Jovan D. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe strengthen the existing definition of (J,J′)‐lossless rational matrices (RMs) and find an algebraic characterization of the newly defined class of strongly (J,J′)‐lossless RMs. The algebraic characterization is given for possibly improper RMs. A connection is presented to a rational ℋ∞ problem, known as the Leech problem, which is elaborated on with necessary and sufficient conditions, given in terms of the strongly (J,J′)‐lossless property, as an alternative of the Leech conditions, which can be expressed with positivity of a kernel. An algorithm for solving the Leech problem is given and illustrated by examples.
A set‐theoretic investigation into the origins of creation and discovery opportunities
Authors: Smith Adam W. , Moghaddam Kaveh , Lanivich Stephen E. 
Published: June 2018

Research Summary: This study employs textual coding techniques to investigate 25 creation and discovery opportunities using entrepreneurs' start‐up interviews. Based on Austrian economics and social constructionism theoretical arguments, we identified four casual conditions: social bonds, social bridges, prior knowledge, and past start‐up experience. These causal conditions are analyzed using qualitative comparative analysis. Results indicate that creation opportunities are associated with social bonds, prior knowledge, and lack of prior entrepreneurial experience. Alternatively, discovery opportunities are associated with prior knowledge, social bonds, and social bridges. Our empirical findings demonstrate the differences in social and human capital configurations associated with forming creation and discovery opportunities.Managerial Summary: In an effort to better understand how creation and discovery opportunities arise, we investigated and compared likely factors including: close relationships, distant relationships, prior knowledge about related markets and industries, and past start‐up experience. Results show that creation opportunities are associated with close relationships, prior knowledge about related markets and industries, and lack of prior entrepreneurial experience. Discovery opportunities are associated with prior knowledge about related markets and industries, close relationships, and distant relationships. Our findings begin to describe how different types of opportunities are realized. Specifically, particular forms of human and social capital may be needed for generating differing types of opportunities.
Moderne Grobblechlösungen im Brückenbau für nachhaltige, effiziente Konstruktionen
Authors: Lehnert Tobias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn vielen europäischen Ländern ist die Infrastruktur – sowohl bei Straßen‐ als auch bei Eisenbahnbrücken – in die Jahre gekommen und benötigt deutliche Investitionen, um dem stetig wachsenden Bedarf an Mobilität und Güterverkehr gerecht zu werden. Stahl‐ bzw. Stahlverbundbrücken bieten in diesem Zusammenhang eine effiziente und sehr nachhaltige Lösung. So ist Stahl, aufgrund seiner unbegrenzten Recyclefähigkeit im Allgemeinen, bereits der ideale Werkstoff für nachhaltige Konstruktionen, aber besonders wenn der Konstrukteur oder Fertiger die Potentiale, die sich heute aufgrund intelligenter Produktentwicklungen bei der Stahlherstellung bieten, konsequent ausschöpft, können sehr wirtschaftliche und außergewöhnliche Bauwerke realisiert werden. Es zahlt sich daher aus, bereits in der Planungsphase auf moderne Stahlgüten und Qualitätsstähle zu setzen, wie z. B. verbesserte Längsprofilbleche oder höherfeste thermomechanisch gewalzte bzw. vergütete Stähle. Neben einer hocheffizienten, kostenoptimierten Fertigung erlaubt dies häufig auch eine schlankere, ansprechendere Ästhetik in der Architektur. Dieser Beitrag wird einige dieser Möglichkeiten der Grobblechherstellung zur Unterstützung des Stahlbaus hervorheben.
High throughput sequencing revolution reveals conserved fundamentals of U‐indel editing
Authors: Zimmer Sara L. , Simpson Rachel M. , Read Laurie K. 
Published: June 2018

Among Euglenozoans, mitochondrial RNA editing occurs in the diplonemids and in the kinetoplastids that include parasitic trypanosomes. Yet U‐indel editing, in which open reading frames (ORFs) on mRNAs are generated by insertion and deletion of uridylates in locations dictated by guide RNAs, appears confined to kinetoplastids. The nature of guide RNA and edited mRNA populations has been cursorily explored in a surprisingly extensive number of species over the years, although complete sets of fully edited mRNAs for most kinetoplast genomes are largely missing. Now, however, high throughput sequencing technologies have had an enormous impact on what we know and will learn about the mechanisms, benefits, and final edited products of U‐indel editing. Tools including PARERS, TREAT, and T‐Aligner function to organize and make sense of U‐indel mRNA transcriptomes, which are comprised of mRNAs harboring uridylate indels both consistent and inconsistent with translatable products. From high throughput sequencing data come arguments that partially edited mRNAs containing “junction regions” of noncanonical editing are editing intermediates, and conversely, arguments that they are dead‐end products. These data have also revealed that the percent of a given transcript population that is fully or partially edited varies dramatically between transcripts and organisms. Outstanding questions that are being addressed include the prevalence of sequences that apparently encode alternative ORFs, diversity of editing events in ORF termini and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions, and the differences that exist in this byzantine process between species. High throughput sequencing technologies will also undoubtedly be harnessed to probe U‐indel editing's evolutionary origins.This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
BIM adoption across the Chinese AEC industries: An extended BIM adoption model
Authors: Herr Christiane M. , Fischer Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite strong encouragement by government guidelines and promoting efforts by the software industry, BIM is adopted at relatively slow speeds in construction industries across the world. The study presented in this paper examines the challenges to BIM adoption faced specifically in the Chinese construction industry across architecture, engineering and construction. We review recent literature addressing BIM adoption in the international context and develop a critique of common approaches to describe processes of BIM adoption. Substantiated with the analysis of detailed survey data obtained from AEC professionals in the greater Shanghai area, we propose a new, extended model to describe and assess processes of BIM adoption. Utilising this model, we evaluate temporal and collaborative dimensions of BIM adoption, and present results from detailed survey data. We further discuss how current Chinese BIM adoption in practice diverges from overseas BIM adoption strategies and examine how the extended BIM adoption model can provide a more accurate representation of BIM adoption processes observed in practice in and beyond the context of the Chinese AEC industries.Highlights BIM adoption across the Chinese AEC industries is still uneven and over reported. Chinese AEC industries' BIM adoption differs from overseas models. An extended BIM adoption model allows charting BIM adoption along AEC workflows. BIM is adapted for linear Chinese workflows rather than collaborative work.
Supplementation of Buttiauxella sp. 6-phytase to commercial laying hen diets with reduced nutrient density on productive performance and egg quality
Authors: Dersjant-Li Yueming , Millán Carlos , Casabuena Oscar , Quiles Alberto , Romero Luis F. , Gracia Marta I. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA study was conducted to evaluate productive performance in laying hens fed diets with reduced nutrient density based on the nutritional contribution of a Buttiauxella phytase in laying-hen diets from 21-57 weeks of age. A commercial laying hen diet was offered ad libitum to the 480 ISA Brown laying hens from 18-21 weeks of age. From 21 weeks onwards, the hens received one of four dietary treatments: a positive control (PC) diet, a down specified diet (DS1) + phytase at 300 FTU/kg, a second down-specified diet (DS2) + phytase at 600 FTU/kg and a third test diet formulated as per DS1 + phytase at 1,200 FTU/kg feed. The PC was formulated based on ISA breeder recommendations. DS1 was formulated with reduction of 0.149% available P, 0.134% Ca, 55 kcal/kg AME, 0.33% CP, digestible amino acids (up to 0.015%) and 0.013% Na based on the contribution of Buttiauxella phytase at 300 FTU/kg. DS2 was formulated with reduction of 0.177% available P, 0.159% Ca, 60 kcal/kg AME, 0.61% CP, digestible amino acids (up to 0.028%) and 0.02% Na based on the contribution of Buttiauxella phytase at 600 FTU/kg. Every dietary treatment was fed to 12 cages containing 10 hens each. The trial treatments did not include a full, DS negative control, as ethical considerations regarding birds' welfare when feeding such diets over such an extended period of time did not permit this. No significant differences were seen in hen-day egg production, feed intake, egg weight, feed to egg mass ratio, shell, yolk or albumen proportion, unsaleable eggs or shell breaking strength in laying hens fed the PC diet or the DS diets with added phytase. Yolk colour increased significantly with phytase supplementation. Supplementing the DS1 diet with 300 FTU and the DS2 diet with 600 FTU resulted in non-significant differences in tibia ash, Ca and P, compared to the PC diet. The data from this study indicated that applying the nutrient contributions for Buttiauxella phytase at 300 and 600 FTU/kg maintained the egg production, BW and egg quality parameters compared to PC. The best economic efficiency value during the whole experimental period was recorded with phytase at 600 FTU/kg when full matrix values are used. When commercial diets are formulated based on ISA breeder recommendations, lowering diet nutrient density while supplementing with phytase reduced the overall diet cost, which should contribute to the profitability of egg production.
Correlation of human papillomavirus infection and clinical parameters with five-year survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Adnan Ali S M , Awan M S , Atif S , Ali N , Mirza Y 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study associated Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and other clinical parameters with five-year survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsA total of 140 patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma were enlisted. HPV status and subtypes were established through polymerase chain reaction performed in a previously published study. Clinical data including five-year survival were obtained through institutional medical records.ResultsNinety-five patients (67.9 per cent) were positive for HPV. Of these, 85 patients were HPV 16 positive while 2 patients were HPV 18 positive. The mean survival time for HPV positive patients was 44.3 months, whereas survival time for HPV negative patients was 46.9 months. Univariate analysis showed that HPV status in oral squamous cell carcinoma was not a statistically significant factor in determining five-year survival rate (p= 0.386).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of HPV positive oral squamous cell carcinoma in Pakistan; however, there is no difference in the five-year survival rate when compared to HPV negative oral squamous cell carcinoma.
An Anatolian-Persian tomb relief from Gökçeler in Lydia
Authors: Çevirici-Coşkun Figen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe relief block at the centre of this study was found in 2004 in a ploughed field in the northern region of Lydia near the village of Gökçeler in the district of Akhisar, in what is today the Manisa province. A standing male figure is depicted on the block, which probably belonged to a chamber tomb. Holding a cock and a bud in his hands, stylistically the figure points to a date between the late sixth century BC and the early fifth century BC. He has short, spiral curls and wears a long-sleeved, tight-fitting garment that appears to be influenced by the Persian style. Within the scope of Anatolian-Persian funerary reliefs, this example is particularly significant due to its typological and iconographical elements. Specifically, following comparisons with other works of the Persian period, it is possible to suggest that the figure on the Gökçeler relief is an African who is offering a gift to the tomb owner; the latter may have been Persian or have served a Persian. Thus, this relief has particular significance since it is the only known work of Anatolian-Persian sculpture which indicates that individuals of African origin lived in the Anatolian region under Persian rule.
On coefficient ideals
Authors: CALLEJAS-BEDREGAL R. , PÉREZ V. H. JORGE , FERRARI M. DUARTE 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLet (R, 𝔪) be a Noetherian local ring and I an arbitrary ideal of R with analytic spread s. In [3] the authors proved the existence of a chain of ideals I ⊆ I[s] ⊆ ⋅⋅⋅ ⊆ I[1] such that deg(PI[k]/I) &lt; s − k. In this article we obtain a structure theorem for this ideals which is similar to that of K. Shah in [10] for 𝔪-primary ideals.
British War Crimes Trials in Europe and Asia, 1945–1949: A Comparative Study
Authors: CHEAH W.L. , VORMBAUM MORITZ 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBetween 1945 and 1949, the British military conducted a large number of war crimes trials in Europe and Asia. Based on historical archival records, among other sources, this article evaluates and compares the British authorities’ implementation of the 1945 Royal Warrant and war crimes trials in Europe and Asia, with a specific focus on trials organized in Germany and Singapore. By examining the British war crimes trial experience in those two jurisdictions, the article analyzes factors shaping the evolution of the Royal Warrant's legal framework and trial model in different contexts. It therefore contributes to the growing historical work on post-Second World War trials and current debates among scholars of transitional justice and international criminal law on the contextual factors that impact on war crimes trials.
Impacts of Shifts in Phytoplankton Community on Clouds and Climate via the Sulfur Cycle
Authors: Wang Shanlin , Maltrud Mathew E. , Burrows Susannah M. , Elliott Scott M. , Cameron‐Smith Philip 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDimethyl sulfide (DMS), primarily produced by marine organisms, contributes significantly to sulfate aerosol loading over the ocean after being oxidized in the atmosphere. In addition to exerting a direct radiative effect, the resulting aerosol particles act as cloud condensation nuclei, modulating cloud properties and extent, with impacts on atmospheric radiative transfer and climate. Thus, changes in pelagic ecosystems, such as phytoplankton physiology and community structure, may influence organosulfur production, and subsequently affect climate via the sulfur cycle. A fully coupled Earth system model, including explicit marine ecosystems and the sulfur cycle, is used here to investigate the impacts of changes associated with individual phytoplankton groups on DMS emissions and climate. Simulations show that changes in phytoplankton community structure, DMS production efficiency, and interactions of multielement biogeochemical cycles can all lead to significant differences in DMS transfer to the atmosphere. Subsequent changes in sulfate aerosol burden, cloud condensation nuclei number, and radiative effect are examined. We find the global annual mean cloud radiative effect shifts up to 0.21 W/m2, and the mean surface temperature increases up to 0.1 °C due to DMS production changes associated with individual phytoplankton group in simulations with radiative effects at the 2,100 levels under an 8.5 scenario. However, changes in DMS emissions, radiative effect, and surface temperature are more intensive on regional scales. Hence, we speculate that major uncertainties associated with future marine sulfur cycling will involve strong region‐to‐region climate shifts. Further understanding of marine ecosystems and the relevant phytoplankton‐aerosol‐climate linkage are needed for improving climate projections.