bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Aerodynamic, Bowen-Ratio, and Penman-Monteith Methods in Estimating Evapotranspiration of Oil Palm Plantation
Authors: June Tania , Srimani Puspa Dewi Ni Wayan , Meijide Ana 
Published: October 2018

<p>Oil palm is one important agricultural commodity that has high economic value. Oil palm productivity is significantly influenced by its water use (needs). Measurement and estimation of oil palm evapotranspiration is needed for determination of its water needs. Various methods are available and this study compare three methods, consisting of aerodynamic, Bowen-Ratio and Penman-Monteith methods in analyzing water needs/use of oil palms plantation located in PTPN VI Jambi. Peak of evapotranspiration rate occured in the afternoon around 13.00 and 14.00 local time. Bowen-Ratio method has higher estimation value of evapotranspiration than the other two methods. Ratio between evapotranspiration and global radiation of two and ten-years old oil palm plantations remain similar, around 47%. Penman Monteith method has the nearest estimation value to reference method (aerodynamic method) showed by the smallest RMSE value, 0.087 for two years oil palm and 0.157 for ten-years old oil palm.<strong> </strong></p>
Rapid Immobilization of Adult Aedes aegypti Caused By Plant Essential Oils At Sublethal Concentrations
Authors: Norris Edmund J. , Archevald-Cansobre Maria , Gross Aaron D. , Bartholomay Lyric C. , Coats Joel R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Many synthetic insecticides cause immobilization in insect pests after they are exposed. This immobilization or knockdown is an important feature of intoxication that contributes to the abatement of pest insect populations, while preventing vectors of disease from biting and spreading pathogenic organisms to susceptible individuals. We have previously demonstrated that certain plant essential oils rapidly immobilize adult female mosquitoes that have been exposed via topical application. To further characterize this effect, adult female Aedes aegypti were exposed to multiple concentrations of 32 commercially available plant essential oils, and immobilization at 1 h after exposure was recorded. The dose required to produce the 1-h knockdown effect in 50% of the test population (KD50) was calculated and compared with concentrations of each plant essential oil that caused mortality at 24 h. In the current study, multiple plant essential oils caused high percentage knockdown at 1 h at lower concentrations than concentrations that caused mortality at 24 h. Moreover, delayed mortality was observed in mosquitoes that were exposed to various concentrations of the 2 plant essential oils that produced significant knockdown at 1 h. These observations demonstrate an important characteristic of many plant essential oils and represent a novel means for which these oils may be incorporated into future insecticidal formulations.
Comparison of BG-Sentinel Prototype, BG-Sentinel-1, and BG-Sentinel-2: Better Results With Modification of Earlier Design
Authors: Unlu Isik , Baker Mark 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The BG-Sentinel® (BGS) trap is considered “the gold standard” for Aedes albopictus surveillance. With the risk of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in the USA, it is imperative our best surveillance asset is as dependable and cost-effective as possible. Biogents AG (Regensburg, Germany) in recent years has manufactured 3 generations of BGS traps in an effort to optimize trapping performance of invasive Aedes species. We evaluated the field efficacy of BG-Sentinel 2 prototype (BGS2P), BG-Sentinel (BGS1), and BG-Sentinel 2® (BGS2). The field experiment was conducted between July 1 and September 21, 2016, on the outskirts of an abandoned industrial area in the city of Trenton, NJ (40°13′58.0″N, 74°44′21.6″W). All 3 traps were compared with 3-compound BG cartridge lures. There was no significant difference in total Ae. albopictus collections among BGS1 and BGS2. However, the number of Ae. albopictus collected from the BGS2P was significantly lower than BGS1 (P = 0.016) and BGS2 (P = 0.025). Our results indicate BGS2, encompassing the latest technology aimed with improved durability and efficacy, will yield the highest capture rates of adult Ae. albopictus mosquitoes.
Проблемы и перспективы развития энергетики Бурятии
Authors: Борисов Г. О. 
Published: October 2018

<span>Автор анализирует состояние электроэнергетики Республики Бурятия. В статье выделены главные проблемы отрасли, решение которых позволяет определить ключевые направления ее дальнейшего развития. Обоснована необходимость ввода новых энергетических объектов для повышения энергобезопасности республики, эффективности работы энергосистемы и решения экологических проблем, связанных с охраной озера Байкал, а также ввода теплофикационных мощностей Улан-Удэнской ТЭЦ-2 для повышения эффективности работы энергосистемы, решения вопросов развития города. Определено необходимое количество электроэнергии и мощности для перевода теплоснабжения Центральной экологической зоны Байкальской природной территории на электроэнергию. Показана необходимость экологически приемлемого регулирования уровня Байкала с привлечением всех мощностей электроэнергетики Байкальского региона, что должно быть учтено в разработке прогнозов развития энергосистем Байкальского региона, а также изменения «Основных правил использования водных ресурсов водохранилищ Ангарского каскада ГЭС». Предложена идея альтернативного строительству ГЭС в бассейне р.Селенги варианта электроснабжения Монголии за счет экспорта излишков электроэнергии с Гусиноозерской ГРЭС. Рассмотрены варианты электроснабжения севера Байкальского региона со строительством Мокской ГЭС.</span>
Перспективы развития экономики Республики Бурятия
Authors: Баранов А. О. , Дондоков З.Б.-Д. , Павлов В. Н. , Суслов В. И. 
Published: October 2018

<span>В статье исследуется развитие экономики Республики Бурятия в 2007–2017 гг., приводятся и анализируются результаты прогнозных расчетов и развития на период до 2021 г. в двух вариантах</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span><span>–</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span><span>базовом и оптимистическом. Прогнозные расчеты выполнены с использованием разработанной авторами динамической межотраслевой модели экономики Республики Бурятия с нечеткими параметрами. В работе показано, что при благоприятных макроэкономических условиях и резком росте инвестиций в основной капитал возможно существенное ускорение экономического роста в Бурятии. Обсуждаются конкретные проекты, которые позволят ускорить экономический рост в республике.</span>
Парадоксы государственного и муниципального финансового контроля
Authors: Валеев А. Р. 
Published: October 2018

<span>В интервью известного аудитора, заместителя Председателя Комиссии по вопросам методологии Совета контрольно-счетных органов при Счетной палате Российской Федерации, Азата Валеева поднимаются вопросы совершенствования организации внешнего и внутреннего финансового контроля в государственном и муниципальном секторе. Автор вскрывает ряд парадоксальных противоречий в деятельности органов финансового контроля, предлагает пути решения некоторых наболевших проблем, основываясь на международном и богатом собственном опыте в сфере государственного аудита.</span>
Şizofreni Hastalarına Bakım Verenlerin Aktivite Performansı ve Sağlıkla İlişkili Yaşam Kalitelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Sedef , UYANIK Mine 
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma ülkemizdeki şizofreni
hastalarına bakım verenlerle ilgili veri toplamak, onların aktivite performansı
ve sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitelerinin incelenmesi amacıyla planlandı. Gereç
ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya şizofreni hastasına
bakım veren (çalışma grubu) 66 kişi ve şizofreni hastasına ya da herhangi bir
kronik hastaya bakım vermeyen 66 kişi (kontrol grubu) dahil edilmiştir. Sosyodemografik
Özellikleri Bilgi Toplama Formu, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği, Kanada
Aktivite Performans Ölçümü, Kısa Form Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği uygulandı.Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızın sonucunda BDÖ, BAÖ ve SF-36 ölçeğinin Genel Sağlık, Vitalite
(canlılık), Sosyal Fonksiyon, Emosyonel Rol Güçlüğü ve Mental Sağlık alt
ölçekleri ortalamaları iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur
(p&lt;0,05). KAPÖ
sonuçlarına göre aktivite
performansında çalışma grubu ve kontrol
grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamış (p&gt;0,05),
aktivite memnuniyetinde her iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark
bulunmuştur (p&lt;0,05).

Tartışma:
Bakım verenlerin günlük rutin
yaşantıları, kişi ya da aktivite ile ilgili faktörlerden dolayı olumsuz
etkilenebileceği gibi, bu faktörlerden dolayı aktivite katılımları ve yaşam
kalitelerinin azalabileceği görülmüştür. Performans problemi yaşanılan kendine
bakım alanındaki aktivite banyo yapma, üretkenlik alanında işe gitme olarak
tespit edilmiştir. Bakım verenlerin en fazla serbest zaman alanındaki
aktivitelere katılımı, önemli buldukları belirlenmiştir.
A Novel Financial Decision Support Systems Based on Mendel Type-2 Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Geok See Ng 
Published: October 2018

Hedging against potential market risk and maximizing profit from stock trading areÂ some of the driving forces for the development of financial decision support system. Â Although presently many types of financial decision support available, there are stillÂ a lot of room for improvement. Hence, there is a significant importance to identifyÂ and develop a reliable financial decision support system with careful analysis on anyÂ critical issues. Accuracy has been the main goal of such decision support system, butÂ it has been hampered by the biggest issue which is the uncertainty of the data. FuzzyÂ Neural Network (FNN) is a hybrid technique that combines fuzzy logic and neuralÂ network. FNN exploits the autonomy power of neural network, and therefore freesÂ itself from the time-consuming process of knowledge base building. Despite all itsÂ advantages, FNN suffers from uncertainty when dealing with complex and highlyÂ uncertain event. The primary aim of this research work is to develop a financialÂ decision support system based on type-2 fuzzy set. This is based on the knowledgeÂ that type-2 fuzzy set is a good alternative in reducing uncertainty in input data. TheÂ final application is an integrated FNN system, which has achieved the objective ofÂ reducing the general uncertainty of stock market model. Extensive experimentalÂ results based on several assumptions of approaches are presented for discussion. Â Financial analysis foundations also briefly discussed in order to give a clearer preludeÂ of the non-mathematical factor of this decision support system and its importanceÂ in being able to give a model which is considered to be the best input of theÂ actual problem.
Analysis Randomness Properties of Basic Components of SNOW 3G Cipher in Mobile Systems
Authors: Jasim Khalid Fadhil , Fakhri Al-Shaikhli Imad 
Published: October 2018

Abstractâ€” SNOW 3G is a stream cipher algorithm used as encryption algorithm in third generation mobile phone technology (3G-UMTS). In this paper, we analyzed and evaluated the randomness properties of basic components of SNOW 3G cipher. NIST test suit (SP 800-22) used in evaluating and testing the randomness properties. We conducted statistical tests on various components of SNOW 3G cipher such as keystream, Finite State Machine, S-boxes S1 and S2, registers (R1, R2,Â and R3), and Linear Feedback Shift Register. Our experimental results and empirical analysis shown that SNOW 3G cipher passed statistical randomness tests.
New Cryptosystem Based-on Permutation Matrix
Authors: Karimnia Rooya , Khaleel Ghassan , TURAEV SHERZOD 
Published: October 2018

Cryptography is defined as a technique of transmitting information in a secretive manner so
that only authorized people are able to read and process it. The main aim of cryptography is to make sure
the message has been received by the receiver in a secure manner, and not being understood by anyone
else but the receiver. Although there exist several different cryptosystems, the choice of the best
algorithm is the main concern of the researches. In this paper, a new cryptography system based on matrix
permutation has been introduced. A permutation matrix is an nï‚´ n matrix which is obtained by permuting
its rows and columns according to some permutations of the numbers 0 to n. In this paper, encryption and
decryption methodologies have been proposed based on permutation matrices. The algorithms are based
on the random selection of the permutation matrix - known as key matrix - entries. The main objective of
this research is to evaluate the security and the performance of the proposed cryptosystem as well as to
promote the confusion and diffusion.
MONISMO JURÍDICO: ENTRAVE ESTATAL À EFETIVAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Portella Alessandra Matos 
Published: October 2018

<p>O Estado brasileiro, desde os primórdios, nunca se preocupou com os direitos dos povos indígenas. A mudança de paradigma nesta questão só começou a ser alterada no início do século XX, mais precisamente em 1910, quando foi assinado o Decreto 8.072, criando o Serviço de Proteção aos Índios e Localização de Trabalhadores Nacionais (SPILTN), transformado em 1918 no Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (SPI). A cidadania indígena, contudo, nunca fora reconhecida. A mudança teve início apenas a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, a qual dedicou um capítulo exclusivo para tutelar os direitos dos povos indígenas. A partir deste marco legal, o Brasil assinou e ratificou decretos importantes no âmbito internacional, que ampliaram os direitos destes povos com vistas a dar-lhes dignidade. Porém, ainda hoje o Brasil se nega a reconhecer a organização social ameríndia, seus sistemas jurídicos e suas sociedades como autônomas, uma vez que adota em sua matriz jurídico-constitucional o monismo jurídico. </p>
Analisis TSE Factor Terhadap Signal to Noise Ratio dan Contrast to Noise Ratio pada Pembobotan T2 Turbo Spin Echo Potongan Axial MRI Brain
Authors: Prabawati Novelsa Chintya , Masrochah Siti , Mulyati Sri 
Published: October 2018

Background: TSE factor is parameters that affect Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). TSE factor for brain MRI examination is a long TSE factor. There are differences when using TSE factor. At the theory, the brain MRI examination is using TSE factor ≥16 while at Siloam Surabaya Hospital was using TSE factor 14. The writer ever seen some noises at brain MRI image therefore the radiographer doing modification of TSE factor. The purpose of this research are to determine the influence of modification in the TSE factor value against SNR and CNR and to define the SNR and CNR optimum from that.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with an experimental approach. This research was done by MRI Philips Achieva 1,5 T with 10 modification TSE factor (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26). SNR and CNR obtained by measurement of ROI in the grey matter, white matter and CSF with the result an average signal and compared with the average standard deviation of the background image. Data was analyzed by linear regression test to know the influence of TSE factor against SNR and CNR and data was analyzed by descriptive test mean rank to obtain the optimum TSE factor value.Result: The result showed that there was the inluence of TSE factor to SNR and CNR at T2W TSE axial brain. There was a significant correlation between TSE factor with all of area SNR and CNR with coefficient correlation of SNR grey matter r=0,591, with coefficient correlation of SNR white matter r=0,604, with coefficient correlation of SNR CSF r=0,687, with coefficient correlation of CNR CSF–grey matter r=0,690, with coefficient correlation of CNR CSF-white matter r=0,658. The significant value of linear regression test is (0,000*) p value (0,05). TSE factor optimum value at T2W TSE axial brain was TSE factor value 10 for SNR with mean rank SNR 45,05 and TSE factor value 8 for CNR with mean rank CNR 35,43.Conclusion: There was the influence of TSE factor to SNR and CNR at T2W TSE axial brain. TSE factor optimum value in brain MRI T2W TSE axial is 10 to SNR and TSE factor 8 to CNR.
Epidemiology of Skin Diseases among Displaced People in Diyala Province
Authors: Alwan Naseer K. , Shakir Shahab A. , Waheeb Hayder H. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Diyala have many internally displaced persons as a consequence of the armed conflict. Those peoples experience serious health problems related to their displacement, including skin disorders.Objective: To determine the prevalence of skin diseases and the use of health care among displaced patients in Diyala.Methods: A case-series study conducted on 246 displaced patients from May to November 2017, who attended Baqubah teaching hospital in Diyala. All patients were diagnosed by dermatologists depending on clinical findings.Results: A total of 246 displaced patient from all age groups mean±SD (21.9±18.59) years, range 1-64) consulate the clinic, of them (29.3%) male and (70.7%) female with male to female ratio (1:2.4). Infectious skin diseases have the highest rate (65.9%), followed by dermatitis (18.4%), acne (5.7%), alopecia (5.3%), and Papulosquamous diseases (4.8%). Parasitic skin infestations (31.7%) and viral infection (24.4%) were the commonest noted infections. Significant associations present between previous consultation and economic status, and between prevalence of skin infections and low economic status. Significant associations between skin diseases and rising crowding index.Conclusion: Infectious skin diseases are common among displaced patients, significantly higher among low economic status. Skin diseases significantly associated with rising crowding index.

وبائية الامراض الجلدية بين النازحين في محافظة ديالى
د. نصير كريم علوان دائرة صحة ديالى
د. شهاب احمد شاكر كلية الطب جامعة ديالى
حيدر حميد وهيب دائرة صحة ديالى
خلفية الدراسة: نتيجة العنف والنزاع المسلح في ديالى، نزح عدد كبير من الناس فيها. تعاني هذه المجموعات من مشاكل صحية كبيرة تتعلق بنزوحها، بما في ذلك الأمراض الجلدية.
هدف الدراسة: هذه الدراسة تهدف الى تحديد انتشار الامراض الجلدية بين النازحين في ديالى ومدى استخدام خدمات الرعاية الصحية لعلاجها.
الطريقة: دراسة استطلاعية أجريت على ٢٤٦ نازح من المرضى الذين راجعوا قسم الأمراض الجلدية في مستشفى بعقوبة التعليمي في محافظة ديالى للفترة من ١ مايو إلى ٣٠ نوفمبر ٢٠١٧ واستند التشخيص على الصورة السريرية للمرض.
النتائج: خلال فترة الدراسة شُخّص ٢٤٦ نازح بإمراض جلدية مختلفة، تراوحت أعمارهم بين ١-٦٤ سنة، متوسط العمر (٩.٢١) سنة، كانت نسبة الذكور الى الاناث (١: ٢.٤)، ١٧٤ من الإناث (٧٠.٧٪) و٧٢ من الذكور (٢٩.٣٪). وكان المرض الجلدي الأكثر انتشاراً في كل من الذكور والإناث هو الالتهابات الجلدية المعدية (٦٥.٩٪)، يتبعه الأكزيما (١٨.٤٪)، ومن ثم حب الشباب (٥.٧٪) على التوالي. ومثلت الالتهابات الطفيلية أعلى نسب انتشار من بين الالتهابات الجلدية المعدية (٣١.٧٪)، تليها الالتهابات الفيروسية (٢٤.٤٪). أظهرت النتائج علاقة وثيقة بين نسبة انتشار الامراض الجلدية المعدية والحالة الاقتصادية للمرضى، وبين المراجعة لعلاج المرض والحالة الاقتصادية. وجدت الدراسة أيضا علاقة وثيقة بين انتشار الامراض الجلدية المعدية وارتفاع مؤشر ازدحام السكن.
الاستنتاج: الأمراض الجلدية المعدية شائعة بين المرضى النازحين، وهي تزداد بين المرضى ذوي الدخل المحدود. الأمراض الجلدية تؤثر على جميع الفئات العمرية، وترتبط بشكل كبير مع ارتفاع مؤشر ازدحام السكن.
مفتاح الكلمات: الامراض الجلدية، النازحين، مؤشر الزحام.
Growth of diabetic children in post conflict Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Hadi Zena S. , Al-Kaseer Eman A. , Al-Zubaidi Munib A. 
Published: October 2018

Background: previously type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was listed among the causes of severing growth retardation. Iraq was exposed to wars and conflicts that affect health services which in turn affect the glycemic state of diabetic patients.Objective: To report on the growth of diabetic children in post-conflict Iraq.Methods: A total of 100 children with T1DM were included in the study. They were attending the consultancy clinic in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital for the period from 1st of Feb to 30th of May 2017. Weight and height were measured. The growth indices at diagnosis were taken from a case file.Results: A total of 100 children with T1DM included in this study. Their age was 9.3 ± 3.2 years with a male to female ratio of 1. The peak age of children at diagnosis was < 5 years. Of the total diabetic children in this study, (5%) was stunted, (2%) wasted, and (5%) was underweight. Duration of T1DM was a significant determinant of growth indices (height and weight). No significant differences in growth indices (weight, height, and BMI) between males and females with T1DM.Conclusion: the peak of age at diagnosis was < 5 years, the sex ratio was equal and weight and height were almost lower than that supposed to be healthy.

نمو الاطفال المصابين بداء السكري في العراق بعد الازمة
د. زينة ستار هادي
د. ايمان عدنان القصير
د. منيب احمد كاظم
الخلاصة:
الخلفية: سابقا كان داء السكري من النوع الاول من بين اسباب تاخر النمو الشديد. العراق تعرض للحروب والصراعات التي اثرت على الخدمات الصحية والتي بدورها اثرت على حالة السكر في الدم لمرضى السكري.
الهدف: تقديم تقريرعن نمو الاطفال المصابين بالسكري في العراق بعد انتهاء الصراع.
طريقة البحث: شملت الدراسة 100طفل مصاب بداء السكري من النوع الاول والذين يراجعون العيادة الاستشارية لمرضى السكري في مستشفى حماية الاطفال للفترة من 1 شباط الى 30 ايار للعام 2017. تم قياس الوزن والطول. مؤشرات النمو عند التشخيص اخذت من ملف المريض.
النتائج: تمت دراسة 100 طفل مصاب بداء السكري من النوع الاول وكان عمرهم 9.3 ± 3.2 ونسبة الذكور للاناث تساوي 1. ذروة عمر الاطفال عند التشخيص كانت اقل من 5 سنوات. من مجموع الاطفال المصابين بالسكري في هذه الدراسة كانت نسبة المصابين بالتقزم 5%, النحافة 2 % ونقصان الوزن 5%. مدة الاصابة بداء السكري من النوع الاول كانت محددا هاما لمؤشرات النمو(الطول والوزن). لاتوجد اختلافات ذات دلالة احصائية في مؤشرات النمو(الوزن, الطول, ومؤشر كتلة الجسم) بين الذكور والاناث المصابين بداء السكري من النوع الاول.
الاستنتاج: كانت ذروة العمر عند التشخيص أقل من 5 سنوات، وكانت نسبة الجنس متساوية، والوزن والطول كانوا تقريبا اقل مما يفترض ان يكون صحي.
الكلمات الافتتاحية: داء السكري من النوع الاول, والاطفال, والنمو.
The association between AB blood group and neonatal disease
Authors: McMahon K.E. , Habeeb O. , Bautista G.M. , Levin S. , DeChristopher P.J. , Glynn L.A. , Jeske W. , Muraskas J.K. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have examined the association between ABO blood groups and adult disease states, but very few have studied the neonatal population. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between AB blood group and the occurrence of common neonatal disorders such as neutropenia at birth, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) compared to all other blood groups. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review on 3,981 infants born at 22 0/7 to 42 6/7 weeks’ gestational age and compared the relative risk of neonatal diseases in infants with AB blood group to that of infants with all other blood groups (A, B, and O). RESULTS: When compared to all other blood groups, AB infants demonstrated an increased risk for developing negative clinical outcomes. AB blood group was significantly associated with a 14–89% increased risk of neutropenia at birth, sepsis, RDS, and ROP. Risks for IVH and PDA were not significant. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that the phenotypic expression of A and B antigens, rather than the antigens themselves, in the AB group may reveal an enhanced susceptibility to injury at the endothelial level resulting in an increased risk for disease development.