bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of Circularly Polarized Luminescence of the Excimer from Two Perylene Cores in the Form of [4]Rotaxane
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Miyaoka Yuta , Ohishi Yuki , Uchida Taka‐aki , Iwamura Munetaka , Nozaki Koichi , Inouye Masahiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA perylene‐based [4]rotaxane was synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling of the 2:2 inclusion complex consisting of two alkynylperylenes and two γ‐cyclodextrins with terphenyl‐type stopper molecules. The [4]rotaxane showed orange emission attributable to the spatially restricted alkynylperylene excimer with a high fluorescence quantum yield of Φf=0.15. The excimer emission was circularly polarized as a result of the asymmetrically twisted perylene pair under the influence of chirality of γ‐cyclodextrin. The glum value of the excimer emission was determined to be −2.1×10−2 at 573 nm, as large as those of the corresponding known pyrene‐based series. This is the first example, in which circularly polarized luminescence was clearly observed from the excimer of a pair of perylene cores.
Strongly Surface‐Bonded MoO2@Carbon Nanocomposites by Nitrogen‐Doping with Outstanding Capability for Fast and Stable Li Storage
Authors: Yun Yuanxing , Shi Zixiong , Shao Jie , Qu Qunting , Gao Youjun , Chen Zheng , Chen Yu , Zheng Honghe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStrongly surface‐bonded MoO2@carbon nanocomposites are obtained through in‐situ nitrogen‐doping of MoO2@carbon and evaluated as the anode material of Li‐ion batteries. Nitrogen, derived from polydopamine, is in‐situ doped into both MoO2 core and the carbon shell. Strong Mo−N bonding is validated from X‐ray photoelectron spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The in‐situ nitrogen‐doping process can generate a strong interfacial interaction between MoO2 and carbon, facilitating the transport of electron and Li+ across the interfaces of heterophases. The nitrogen‐doping feature of MoO2 can improve the electrochemical reactivity and kinetics for Li‐storage.
Light weight and fine‐grained access mechanism for secure access to outsourced data*
Authors: Jahan Mosarrat , Seneviratne Suranga , Roy Partha Sarathi , Sakurai Kouichi , Seneviratne Aruna , Jha Sanjay 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we explore the problem of providing selective read/write access to the outsourced data for clients using mobile devices in an environment that supports users from multiple domains and where attributes are generated by multiple authorities. We consider Ciphertext‐Policy Attribute‐based Encryption (CP‐ABE) scheme as it can provide access control on encrypted outsourced data. One limitation of CP‐ABE is that the users can modify the access policy specified by the data owner if write operations are introduced in the scheme. We propose a protocol for providing different levels of access to outsourced data that permits the authorized users to perform write operation without altering the access policy specified by the data owner. Our scheme provides fine‐grained read/write access to the users, accompanied with a light weight signature scheme and computationally inexpensive user revocation mechanism suitable for resource‐constrained mobile devices. We provide a theoretical analysis of the security of the proposed protocol and the experimental results measured from a real‐world testbed.
Simultaneous sensing, readout, and classification on an intensity‐ranking image sensor
Authors: Ahlberg Jörgen , Åström Anders , Forchheimer Robert 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe combine the near‐sensor image processing concept with address‐event representation leading to an intensity‐ranking image sensor (IRIS) and show the benefits of using this type of sensor for image classification. The functionality of IRIS is to output pixel coordinates (X and Y values) continuously as each pixel has collected a certain number of photons. Thus, the pixel outputs will be automatically intensity ranked. By keeping track of the timing of these events, it is possible to record the full dynamic range of the image. However, in many cases, this is not necessary—the intensity ranking in itself gives the needed information for the task at hand. This paper describes techniques for classification and proposes a particular variant (groves) that fits the IRIS architecture well as it can work on the intensity rankings only. Simulation results using the CIFAR‐10 dataset compare the results of the proposed method with the more conventional ferns technique. It is concluded that the simultaneous sensing and classification obtainable with the IRIS sensor yields both fast (shorter than full exposure time) and processing‐efficient classification.
Multiplexed fluorescence microscopy reveals heterogeneity among stromal cells in mouse bone marrow sections
Authors: Holzwarth Karolin , Köhler Ralf , Philipsen Lars , Tokoyoda Koji , Ladyhina Valeriia , Wählby Carolina , Niesner Raluca A. , Hauser Anja E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe bone marrow (BM) consists of multiple, structured micro‐environmental entities—the so called niches, which contain hematopoietic cells as well as stromal cells. These niches fulfill a variety of functions, such as control of the hematopoietic stem cell pool, differentiation of hematopoietic cells, and maintenance of immunological memory. However, due to the molecular and cellular complexity and a lack of suitable histological multiplexing methods, the composition of the various BM niches is still elusive. In this study, we apply multiepitope‐ligand‐cartography (MELC) on bone sections from mice. We combine multiplexed immunofluorescence histology data with various object‐based segmentation approaches in order to define irregularly shaped, net‐like structures of stromal cells. We confirm MELC as a robust histological method and validate our automated segmentation algorithms using flow cytometry and manual evaluation. By means of MELC multiplexing, we reveal heterogeneous expression of leptin receptor (LpR), BP‐1, and VCAM‐1 in the stromal network. Moreover, we demonstrate by quantification a preferential contact of B cell subsets as well as of plasma cells to processes of CXCL12‐expressing stromal cells, compared with stromal somata. In summary, our approach is suitable for spatial analysis of complex tissue structures.
Background fluorescence and spreading error are major contributors of variability in high‐dimensional flow cytometry data visualization by t‐distributed stochastic neighboring embedding
Authors: Mazza Emilia Maria Cristina , Brummelman Jolanda , Alvisi Giorgia , Roberto Alessandra , De Paoli Federica , Zanon Veronica , Colombo Federico , Roederer Mario , Lugli Enrico 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMultidimensional single‐cell analysis requires approaches to visualize complex data in intuitive 2D graphs. In this regard, t‐distributed stochastic neighboring embedding (tSNE) is the most popular algorithm for single‐cell RNA sequencing and cytometry by time‐of‐flight (CyTOF), but its application to polychromatic flow cytometry, including the recently developed 30‐parameter platform, is still under investigation. We identified differential distribution of background values between samples, generated by either background calculation or spreading error (SE), as a major source of variability in polychromatic flow cytometry data representation by tSNE, ultimately resulting in the identification of erroneous heterogeneity among cell populations. Biexponential transformation of raw data and limiting SE during panel development dramatically improved data visualization. These aspects must be taken into consideration when using computational approaches as discovery tools in large sets of samples from independent experiments or immunomonitoring in clinical trials.
Sex‐specific prey partitioning in breeding piscivorous birds examined via a novel, noninvasive approach
Authors: Thalinger Bettina , Oehm Johannes , Zeisler Christiane , Vorhauser Julia , Traugott Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPiscivorous birds frequently display sex‐specific differences in their hunting and feeding behavior, which lead to diverging impacts on prey populations. Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae), for example, were previously studied to examine dietary differences between the sexes and males were found to consume larger fish in coastal areas during autumn and winter. However, information on prey partitioning during breeding and generally on sex‐specific foraging in inland waters is missing. Here, we assess sex‐specific prey choice of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) during two subsequent breeding seasons in the Central European Alpine foreland, an area characterized by numerous stagnant and flowing waters in close proximity to each other. We developed a unique, noninvasive approach and applied it to regurgitated pellets: molecular cormorant sexing combined with molecular fish identification and fish‐length regression analysis performed on prey hard parts. Altogether, 364 pellets delivered information on both, bird sex, and consumed prey. The sexes differed significantly in their overall prey composition, even thoughPerca fluviatilis,Rutilus rutilus, andCoregonusspp. represented the main food source for both. Albeit prey composition did not indicate the use of different water bodies by the sexes, male diet was characterized by higher prey diversity within a pellet and the consumption of larger fish. The current findings show that female and male cormorants to some extent target the available prey spectrum at different levels. Finally, the comprehensive and noninvasive approach has great potential for application in studies of other piscivorous bird species.
Species richness and phylogenetic diversity of seed plants across vegetation zones of Mount Kenya, East Africa
Authors: Zhou Yadong , Chen Sichong , Hu Guangwan , Mwachala Geoffrey , Yan Xue , Wang Qingfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMount Kenya is of ecological importance in tropical east Africa due to the dramatic gradient in vegetation types that can be observed from low to high elevation zones. However, species richness and phylogenetic diversity of this mountain have not been well studied. Here, we surveyed distribution patterns for a total of 1,335 seed plants of this mountain and calculated species richness and phylogenetic diversity across seven vegetation zones. We also measured phylogenetic structure using the net relatedness index (NRI) and the nearest species index (NTI). Our results show that lower montane wet forest has the highest level of species richness, density, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants, while lower montane dry forest has the highest level of species richness, density, and phylogenetic diversity in herbaceous plants. In total plants, NRI and NTI of four forest zones were smaller than three alpine zones. In woody plants, lower montane wet forest and upper montane forest have overdispersed phylogenetic structures. In herbaceous plants, NRI of Afro‐alpine zone and nival zone are smaller than those of bamboo zone, upper montane forest, and heath zone. We suggest that compared to open dry forest, humid forest has fewer herbaceous plants because of the closed canopy of woody plants. Woody plants may have climate‐dominated niches, whereas herbaceous plants may have edaphic and microhabitat‐dominated niches. We also proposed lower and upper montane forests with high species richness or overdispersed phylogenetic structures as the priority areas in conservation of Mount Kenya and other high mountains in the Eastern Afro‐montane biodiversity hotspot regions.
Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/Poly (2‐Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate/Ag Nanoparticle Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode; an Amplified Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Domperidone
Authors: Khoshsafar Hamid , Rofouei Mohammad Kazem , Bagheri Hasan , Kalbasi Roozbeh Javad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, we describe a modification of a glassy carbon electrode with an ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)/poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)/Ag nanoparticle composite (GCE/AgNPs‐PHEMA‐CMK‐1) done for the first time and the application of a proposed sensor for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (AC) and domperidone (DO). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), UV‐vis spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods were used for the analysis of the synthesized nanocomposite. The GCE/AgNPs‐PHEMA‐CMK‐1 showed good catalytic activity for the electro‐oxidation of acetaminophen and domperidone in the buffer solution. The pH investigation showed that acetaminophen and domperidone electro‐oxidation is relative to the pH value of the solution. The maximum oxidation process occurred at pH=7.0 and pH=8.0 for acetaminophen and domperidone, respectively, on the surface of the GCE/AgNPs‐PHEMA‐CMK‐1. The GCE/AgNPs‐PHEMA‐CMK‐1 showed a linear range between 0.015–7.5 μM and 0.03–10.8 μM for acetaminophen and domperidone, respectively. The GCE/AgNPs‐PHEMA‐CMK‐1 showed detection limits of 0.005 and 0.01 μM for acetaminophen and domperidone, respectively, by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. Finally, the GCE/AgNPs‐PHEMA‐CMK‐1 was suggested as a highly powerful tool for the analysis of acetaminophen and domperidone in real samples.
Construction of an Amperometric Cholesterol Biosensor Based on DTP(aryl)aniline Conducting Polymer Bound Cholesterol Oxidase
Authors: Cevik Emre , Cerit Alaaddin , Gazel Nilay , Yildiz Huseyin Bekir 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, an amperometric cholesterol biosensor was constructed based on cholesterol oxidase immobilized on a conducting 4‐(4H‐dithienol[3,2‐b : 2′,3′‐d]pyrrole‐4)aniline polymer, (DTP(aryl)aniline). Glassy carbon electrodes were covered with P(DTP(aryl)aniline) which is used for the wiring of enzyme to the electrode surface by using electro‐polymerization. The electron transfer was successfully made by the bio‐catalytic activity and possession of the unique morphology of the polymer allowed efficient immobilization of the cholesterol oxidase enzyme. Analytical performances; linear range, detection limit, limit of quantification and the Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) of biosensor electrodes were obtained 2.0 μM–23.7 μM, 0.27 μM, 0.82 μM, 17,81 μM respectively. Biosensor optimization parameters: optimum pH, optimum temperature, stability test and response time were evaluated. The real sample and recovery studies were also performed in order to show applicability of the biosensing electrodes.
Square‐wave Amplitude Effect in Cathodic and Anodic Stripping Square‐wave Voltammetry
Authors: Guziejewski Dariusz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper a theoretical study of stripping processes at planar electrodes under conditions of square‐wave voltammetry is presented. A mechanistic examination for cathodic stripping electrode mechanisms, a simple anodic striping mechanism, and anodic stripping mechanisms coupled with adsorption equilibrium of the analyte are discussed using varying square‐wave amplitudes. The methodologies described here use two typical features: the peak potential separation of square‐wave components and the amplitude‐based quasireversible maximum. Both methods can be applied at a constant frequency, i. e., constant scan rate. The received data are combined with the critical parameters of electrode reaction kinetics. Thus, the established methodologies allow for a simple kinetic characterization. The received diagnostic criteria are verified with experiments at a glassy carbon electrode for lead ions.
The Interaction between Electricigens and Carbon Nanotube Forest and Electricity Generation Performance in MFC
Authors: Zhao Na , Ma Zhaokun , Song Huaihe , Xie Yangen , Wang Dingling 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCarbon nanotube forest (CNTFs) is grown vertically on the surface of highly conductive mesophase pitch carbon fibers (Pitch‐CFs) in the chemical vapor deposition method. Then the CNTFs‐modified CFs (CNTFs‐Pitch‐CF) as an anode material is assembled into the single chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Interaction between electricigens and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is investigated. The toxicity of the CNTs can make electricigens expend energy or electrons to produce exopolysaccharid (EPS) as much as possible. Accordingly, this leads to low voltage and the long start up time for the CNTFs‐Pitch‐CF anode in the early period. When the activity of electricigens with the EPS reaches a stable state over time, the output voltage rises rapidly and the maximum power density of the CNTFs‐Pitch‐CF‐equiped MFC is increased to 1112 mW/m2, which is approximately 1.55‐fold higher than Pitch‐CF‐equiped MFC. And the CNTFs‐Pitch‐CF‐equiped MFC can keep high electricity generation performance of MFCs for a long time, which is 75 % larger than the Pitch‐CF‐equiped MFC. This method of the CNTFs modifying the CFs provides a new idea for increasing the electricity generation performance of the MFCs.
Boiled, sprouted, and raw cowpea‐incorporated diets modulate high‐fat diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia in rats
Authors: Liyanage Ruvini , Perera Oshini , Lakmini Gusthingna W. A. S. , Weththasinghe Pabodha , Visvanathan Rizliya , Jayathilake Chathuni , Jayawardana Barana C. , Vidanarachchi Janak , Sivakanesan Ramiah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of processed (boiled and sprouted) cowpea‐incorporated experimental diets on serum cholesterol and serum antioxidant capacity in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed Wistar rats. Seven weeks old male Wistar rats were fed 20% fat as a control (CD), for comparison with 20% fat‐enriched diets containing 20% whole raw cowpea diets (Bombay Raw Diet; BRD and MI35 Raw Diet; MRD), boiled cowpea diets (Bombay Boiled Diet; BBD and MI35 Boiled Diet; MBD) and sprouted cowpea diet (Bombay Sprouted Diet; BSD) for 6 weeks. The increase in serum total cholesterol as a result of high‐fat diet was significantly countered by boiled and raw cowpea‐incorporated diet‐fed rats. Increased serum non‐HDL‐C level caused by HFD was significantly (p < 0.05) countered by raw, boiled, and sprouted cowpeas, while HDL–C was increased by raw MI and boiled Bombay incorporated diets. Boiling has improved the hypocholesterolemic ability of Bombay cowpea and BBD has significantly (p < 0.05) modulated serum HDL‐C level and liver weight in rats. These findings were supported significantly high soluble fiber content in processed cowpea powder than that in raw cowpea powder. The decrease in serum antioxidant activity as a result of HFD was significantly countered by BRD. Processing has reduced the antioxidant activity in cowpeas and serum antioxidant activity in rats. Cecal lactobacilli population was significantly high in all cowpea diet‐fed groups compared to control. Modulated serum cholesterol level in cowpea diet‐fed rats was accompanied by dietary fiber composition, antioxidant activity in cowpeas and fecal weight, cecal weight and cecal lactobacilli population in rats compared to control. Both processed and raw cowpea‐incorporated diets have modulated HFD‐induced hypercholesterolemia by modulating serum antioxidative capacity, cholesterol metabolism, and cecal fermentation.
Development of value‐added nutritious crackers with high antidiabetic properties from blends of Acha (Digitaria exilis) and blanched Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Olagunju Aderonke Ibidunni , Omoba Olufunmilayo Sade , Enujiugha Victor Ndigwe , Aluko Rotimi Emmanuel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPigeon pea was treated by blanching and used to supplement acha flour for the development of functional cracker biscuits. The flour ratios for acha and pigeon pea were 100:0 (ACC), 80:20 (APC1), and 70:30 (APC2), respectively. The developed cracker biscuits were evaluated for chemical acid compositions, antioxidant, as well as antidiabetic properties. Protein contents of the formulated crackers increased with increase in supplementation with pigeon pea flour. The antinutrient content of the formulated snack was low hence may not adversely affect nutrient bioavailability. Glutamic and aspartic acids were the predominant amino acids while methionine and lysine significantly increased as a result of supplementation with pigeon pea flour. The biscuit exhibited good antioxidant properties indicated by its strong ability to scavenge hydroxyl, superoxide, DPPH radicals, and reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+. The formulated snack especially APC2 possessed low glycemic index (47.95%) and significantly inhibited the key digestive enzymes (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase). All parameters evaluated indicated that APC2 could serve as a functional snack in the management of hyperglycemia (diabetes) and prevention of associated degenerative diseases.
Use of flow cytometry and total viable count to determine the effects of orange juice composition on the physiology of Escherichia coli
Authors: Anvarian Amir H. P. , Smith Madeleine P. , Overton Tim W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOrange juice (OJ) contains numerous compounds some of which are known to play key roles in growth and survival of bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the effects of natural or processing‐induced variations in OJ composition on the physiology of Escherichia coli. OJ and model OJ (MOJ) samples containing various sugars, organic acids, amino acids, or ascorbic acid were inoculated with E. coli K‐12 MG1655 in different growth phases. The culturability, viability, and physiology of the cells were investigated during storage using plate counting and flow cytometry. Generally, stationary‐phase cells displayed the greatest survival in both MOJ and OJ. Increase in incubation temperature from 4 to 22.5ºC caused a significant decrease in both healthy and culturable cell populations. Supplementation of MOJ with ascorbic acid and amino acids increased both the viability and culturability of the cells. Similar trends were observed in amino acid‐supplemented OJ, albeit at a slower rate. In contrast, variations in sugar or organic acid composition had negligible effects on the physiological status of the cells. In summary, natural variation in ascorbic acid or amino acid concentrations could potentially have an adverse effect on the microbiological safety of orange juice.
Are Parents Really Obligated to Learn as Much as Possible about Their Children's Genomes?
Authors: Johnston Josephine , Juengst Eric 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs new parents quickly learn, parenting always involves choosing your battles. Ideally, parents have the freedom to make those moral choices without the prejudice of an unreasonable or premature inflicted ought. Resolving the predictive uncertainties of genomic information is the professional responsibility of the biomedical community, just as clarifying the impact of global warming or assessing the risks of rising multidrug resistance is the responsibility of similar specialists. Until sequencing can give parents clear and meaningful information that they can use to protect their children without also burdening parents with uncertain findings about which little if anything can be done, it makes no sense to impute an obligation for them to seek it out. To do so not only increases the mental and emotional burden on parents but also distorts the scope of parental responsibility in ways that undermine parents’ capacity to play their immediate role as the nurturers of a new life.