bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring upstream fish passage through a Mississippi River lock and dam reveals species differences in lock chamber usage and supports a fish passage model which describes velocity‐dependent passage through spillway gates
Authors: Finger Jean Sebastien , Riesgraf Andrew Thomas , Zielinski Daniel Patrick , Sorensen Peter William 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNearly 200 fish were released below Lock and Dam 2 (LD2) in the Upper Mississippi River and tracked to determine both whether and how they passed through this structure, and if passage could be explained using a computational fish passage model (FPM) which combines hydraulics with fish swimming performance. Fish were either captured and released downstream of LD2 in Pool 3 or captured in Pool 2 (upstream of LD2) and displaced below LD2. Tagged fish were tracked using 13 archival receivers located across LD2. Approximately 90% of all fish approached LD2 many times with the displaced species likely attempting to home. Of 112 common carp, 26% passed through LD2 with 15% (most) going through the lock and 6% through the spillway gates. Similar values were seen for bigmouth buffalo. In contrast, although 42% of 31 channel catfish passed through the lock, only 3% went through the gates. Finally, of 22 walleye, only 14% passed through the lock and none through the gates. Ninety percent of all documented passages through the spillway gates occurred when the gates were out of the water and water velocities through these gates were at their lowest levels, an attribute described and predicted by the FPM at LD2. This study strongly suggests that fish passage through spillway gates of LDs is determined by water velocity and can be predicted with a FPM, whereas passage through locks is determined by species‐specific behavioural preferences. Both attributes could be exploited to reduce passage of invasive carp at certain locations.
Influence of Nanopillar Arrays on Fibroblast Motility, Adhesion, and Migration Mechanisms
Authors: Beckwith Kai S. , Ullmann Sindre , Vinje Jakob , Sikorski Pawel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurfaces decorated with high aspect ratio nanostructures are a promising tool to study cellular processes and design novel devices to control cellular behavior. However, little is known about the dynamics of cellular phenomenon such as adhesion, spreading, and migration on such surfaces. In particular, how these are influenced by the surface properties. In this work, fibroblast behavior is investigated on regular arrays of 1 µm high polymer nanopillars with varying pillar to pillar distance. Embryonic mouse fibroblasts (NIH‐3T3) spread on all arrays, and on contact with the substrate engulf nanopillars independently of the array pitch. As the cells start to spread, different behavior is observed. On dense arrays which have a pitch equal or below 1 µm, cells are suspended on top of the nanopillars, making only sporadic contact with the glass support. Cells stay attached to the glass support and fully engulf nanopillars during spreading and migration on the sparse arrays which have a pitch of 2 µm and above. These alternate states have a profound effect on cell migration rates. Dynamic F‐actin puncta colocalize with nanopillars during cell spreading and migration. Strong membrane association with engulfed nanopillars might explain the reduced migration rates on sparse arrays.
Unraveling In Vivo Brain Transport of Protein‐Coated Fluorescent Nanodiamonds
Authors: Moscariello Pierpaolo , Raabe Marco , Liu Weina , Bernhardt Sandra , Qi Haoyuan , Kaiser Ute , Wu Yuzhou , Weil Tanja , Luhmann Heiko J. , Hedrich Jana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanotheranostics, combining diagnostics and therapy, has the potential to revolutionize treatment of neurological disorders. But one of the major obstacles for treating central nervous system diseases is the blood–brain barrier (BBB) preventing systemic delivery of drugs and optical probes into the brain. To overcome these limitations, nanodiamonds (NDs) are investigated in this study as they are a powerful sensing and imaging platform for various biological applications and possess outstanding stable far‐red fluorescence, do not photobleach, and are highly biocompatible. Herein, fluorescent NDs encapsulated by a customized human serum albumin–based biopolymer (polyethylene glycol) coating (dcHSA‐PEG) are taken up by target brain cells. In vitro BBB models reveal transcytosis and an additional direct cell–cell transport via tunneling nanotubes. Systemic application of dcHSA‐NDs confirms their ability to cross the BBB in a mouse model. Tracking of dcHSA‐NDs is possible at the single cell level and reveals their uptake into neurons and astrocytes in vivo. This study shows for the first time systemic NDs brain delivery and suggests transport mechanisms across the BBB and direct cell–cell transport. Fluorescent NDs are envisioned as traceable transporters for in vivo brain imaging, sensing, and drug delivery.
Compound‐Droplet‐Pairs‐Filled Hydrogel Microfiber for Electric‐Field‐Induced Selective Release
Authors: Deng Xiaokang , Ren Yukun , Hou Likai , Liu Weiyu , Jiang Tianyi , Jiang Hongyuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe separate co‐encapsulation and selective controlled release of multiple encapsulants in a predetermined sequence has potentially important applications for drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, the selective controlled release of distinct contents upon one triggering event for most existing microcarriers still remains challenging. Here, novel microfluidic fabrication of compound‐droplet‐pairs‐filled hydrogel microfibers (C‐Fibers) is presented for two‐step selective controlled release under AC electric field. The parallel arranged compound droplets enable the separate co‐encapsulation of distinct contents in a single microfiber, and the release sequence is guaranteed by the discrepancy of the shell thickness or core conductivity of the encapsulated droplets. This is demonstrated by using a high‐frequency electric field to trigger the first burst release of droplets with higher conductivity or thinner shell, followed by the second release of the other droplets under low‐frequency electric field. The reported C‐Fibers provide novel multidelivery system for a wide range of applications that require controlled release of multiple ingredients in a prescribed sequence.
Fabrication of Flexible and Transparent Conductive Nanosheets by the UV‐Irradiation of Gold Nanoparticle Monolayers
Authors: Nishimura Tatsuya , Ito Naoyuki , Kinoshita Kazuhiko , Matsukawa Mizuki , Imura Yoshiro , Kawai Takeshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConductive films that are highly transparent and flexible are extremely attractive for emerging optoelectronic applications. Currently, indium‐doped tin oxide films are the most widely used transparent conductive films and much research effort is devoted to developing alternative transparent conductive materials to overcome their drawbacks. In this work, a novel and facile approach for fabricating transparent conductive Au nanosheets from Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) is proposed. Irradiating an AuNP monolayer at the air–water interface with UV light results in a nanosheet with ≈3.5 nm thickness and ≈80% transparency in the UV–visible region. Further, the so‐fabricated nanosheets are highly flexible and can maintain their electrical conductivity even when they are bent to a radius of curvature of 0.6 mm. Fourier‐transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the transformation of the monolayer of AuNPs into the nanosheet is induced by the photodecomposition and/or photodetachment of the dodecanethiol ligands capping the AuNPs. Further, the UV‐irradiation of a hybrid monolayer consisting of AuNPs and silica particles affords the patterning of Au nanosheets with periodic hole arrays.
Recent Advances in Multifunctional Graphitic Nanocapsules for Raman Detection, Imaging, and Therapy
Authors: Liu Zhangkun , Li Shengkai , Xia Xin , Zhu Zhaotian , Chen Long , Chen Zhuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBenefiting from their unique physicochemical properties, graphitic nanocapsules with a core–shell structure have attracted tremendous interest in bioanalysis and biomedicine recently. Using rational design, various types of graphitic nanocapsules with controllable properties are prepared to meet the demands of different biomedical applications. Graphitic nanocapsules exhibit excellent stability and superior capacity for loading nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, and drugs due to the large specific surface area of their graphitic shells. Moreover, using the unique Raman bands of graphitic shells with large scattering cross‐sections, graphitic nanocapsules are applied in Raman‐based detection and imaging. Various types of nanocapsules with superior optical and magnetic properties are available for multimodal imaging applications. By making full use of the intrinsic near‐infrared optical absorbance of the graphitic shell and specific metal core, graphitic nanocapsule‐based light‐mediated therapies are realized, showing superior performance in the killing of cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria, as well as anti‐tumor therapeutic efficacy in animal experiments. This review summarizes the synthesis, properties, and functionalization of graphitic nanocapsules and discusses the recent advances in Raman detection and imaging, multimodal imaging, and light‐mediated therapy, including concerns related to toxicity. Future prospects of graphitic nanocapsules in biomedical applications are also highlighted.
Efficient construction of concrete shells by Pneumatic Forming of Hardened Concrete: Construction of a concrete shell bridge in Austria by inflation
Authors: Kromoser Benjamin , Kollegger Johann 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConcrete shells are very efficient structures, spanning wide areas with very little construction material. Unfortunately the formwork needed to erect concrete shells is still very labor and material intensive. An alternative construction method which is more time and resource friendly is Pneumatic Forming of Hardened Concrete. A simple air cushion in combination with additional post‐tensioning tendons are used to transform a flat concrete plate into a double curved shell. This paper describes the design and construction of the first practical large‐scale application of this building method for the construction of the deer pass “AM 2” over the newly built two‐track rail Koralmbahn in Carinthia in the south of Austria. The plan measurements of the bridge are 36.2 m by 38.7 m with the height of the shell from the top edge of the foundations to the vertex mounting to 7.6 m. Within the construction process a flat 100 mm thick hardened concrete plate with a weight of 546 t was lifted to the designed double curved shell. This thin concrete shell served as lost formwork for the final bridge.
Unified design approach for systems engineering by integrating model‐based systems design with axiomatic design
Authors: Wang Haoqi , Li Hao , Tang Chengtong , Zhang Xu , Wen Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractModel‐Based Systems Design (MBSD) formalizes the application of system modeling. However, it is still difficult for designers to implement MBSD in practice. One of the challenges is to make the field of design more unified, as different MBSD methodologies focus on specific areas, and various designers from different areas use ambiguous terms. Moreover, the failure of some products originates in undiscovered couplings of functions in the design stage. Axiomatic Design (AD) provides a scientific foundation for system design. In order to reduce ambiguity and alleviate functional couplings, this paper integrates AD with the MBSD and proposes a unified systems design approach, called Axiomatic Model‐Based Systems Design (A‐MBSD). A‐MBSD uses four pillars: (a) the fundamental framework of AD; (b) the Independence Axiom; (c) a new behavior domain (BD); and (d) an A‐MBSD modeling profile. Finally, the design of a Forest Fire Satellite Monitoring and Control System demonstrates that the proposed approach can improve unity and alleviate the coupling of functions in a system design.
Representation of knowledge for a NASA stakeholder value model
Authors: Clerkin Joseph H. , Mesmer Bryan L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA challenge in the representation of preferences for government stakeholders is the valuation of benefits. In for‐profit companies, benefits are typically calculated as the company's revenue, with centuries of literature supporting different estimations for the benefit of revenue. Government stakeholders are much more difficult to develop value models for because of the lack of benefit‐side valuation research. In its pursuit of understanding the theory of systems engineering, the NASA Systems Engineering Research Consortium has examined value models as mathematical representations of preferences, with a focus on NASA‐related stakeholders. This article leverages the Consortium work and develops an outline for a NASA stakeholder value model, based on NASA documentation, with key benefit attributes of knowledge, prestige, and the avoidance of catastrophes. The attribute of knowledge is specifically explored in this article. Knowledge‐related evidence from previous NASA missions are collected and analyzed. A discussion describes how such knowledge‐related evidence can be used to inform the systems engineer on preliminary, evidence‐based attribute and value relationships useful in value model formation. Future research avenues for knowledge‐focused benefits for value models are also discussed.
Extreme events and climate adaptation‐mitigation linkages: Understanding low‐carbon transitions in the era of global urbanization
Authors: Solecki William , Grimm Nancy , Marcotullio Peter , Boone Christopher , Bruns Antje , Lobo Jose , Luque Andres , Romero‐Lankao Patricia , Young Andrea , Zimmerman Rae , Breitzer Rebekah , Griffith Corrie , Aylett Alexander 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt has become increasingly clear that cities will have to simultaneously undertake both adaptation and mitigation in response to accelerating climate change and the growing demands for meaningful climate action. Here we examine the connections between climate mitigation and climate adaptation, specifically, between low‐carbon energy systems and extreme events. The article specifically addresses the question, how do responses to extreme climate risks enhance or limit capacity to promote city‐level greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation? As a step toward answering this question, we present a framework for considering windows of opportunity that may arise as a result of extreme events and how these windows can be exploited to foster development and implementation of low‐carbon energy strategies. Four brief case studies are used to provide empirical background and determine the impact of potential windows of opportunity. Some general conclusions are defined. In particular, the existing energy system structure is an important determinant of impact and potential for energy transitions. Well‐developed and articulated governance strategies and ready access of effective and economically efficient alternative energy technology were key to transitions. However, prospects for inequity in development and implementation of low‐carbon solutions need to be considered. Finally, exploiting windows of opportunity afforded by extreme events for developing low‐carbon economy and infrastructure also can provide resilience against those very events. These types of responses will be needed as extreme events increase in frequency and magnitude in the future, with cities as primary sites of impact and action.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
A parametric investigation of blood flow in a wedge with non‐uniform viscosity and wall friction
Authors: Nagler Jacob 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe radial planar wedge pattern flow with friction and normalized non‐uniform viscosity function will be discussed here. Solving this problem will be done using the flow theory equations for Newtonian and Non‐Newtonian cases with non‐uniform viscosity assumption. General differential equation that connects between the normalized velocity profile and the normalized viscosity has been derived analytically from the flow equations. It was found that for specific wedge semi angle, the radial assumption is no longer valid for the flow velocity. Moreover, it was found that for inlet/outlet conditions the normalized mean hydrostatic pressure for Newtonian fluid is dependent on the geometry, the normalized velocity and the viscosity functions. In addition, it was found that inertia phenomenon can be neglected for small wedge semi angle. A comparison between the axial and the hydrostatic pressure distributions for inlet/outlet conditions was performed for Newtonian and non‐Newtonian flows. Finally, it was found that the axial pressure distribution profile was converged to the hydrostatic profile for critical wedge semi angle.
Defects in Jackiw-Teitelboim quantum gravity
Authors: Mertens Thomas G. , Turiaci Gustavo J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe classify and study defects in 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. We show these are holographically described by a deformation of the Schwarzian theory where the reparametrization mode is integrated over different coadjoint orbits of the Virasoro group. We show that the quantization of each coadjoint orbit is connected to 2d Liouville CFT between branes with insertions of Verlinde loop operators. We also propose an interpretation for the exceptional orbits. We use this perspective to solve these deformations of the Schwarzian theory, computing their partition function and correlators. In the process, we define two geometric observables: the horizon area operator Φhand the geodesic length operatorL(γ). We show this procedure is structurally related to the deformation of the particle-on-a-group quantum mechanics by the addition of a chemical potential. As an example, we solve the low-energy theory of complex SYK with a U(1) symmetry and generalize to the non-abelian case.
Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol for industrial applications
Authors: Song Chan Woo , Park Jong Myoung , Chung Sang Chul , Lee Sang Yup , Song Hyohak 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) has great potential for diverse industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical areas. However, its industrial production and usage are limited by the fairly high cost of its petro-based production. Several bio-based 2,3-BD production processes have been developed and their economic advantages over petro-based production process have been reported. In particular, many 2,3-BD-producing microorganisms including bacteria and yeast have been isolated and metabolically engineered for efficient production of 2,3-BD. In addition, several fermentation processes have been tested using feedstocks such as starch, sugar, glycerol, and even lignocellulose as raw materials. Since separation and purification of 2,3-BD from fermentation broth account for the majority of its production cost, cost-effective processes have been simultaneously developed. The construction of a demonstration plant that can annually produce around 300 tons of 2,3-BD is scheduled to be mechanically completed in Korea in 2019. In this paper, core technologies for bio-based 2,3-BD production are reviewed and their potentials for use in the commercial sector are discussed.
Outpatient healthcare access and utilization for neonatal abstinence syndrome children: A systematic review
Authors: Van Horn Adam , Powell Whitney , Wicker Ashley , Mahairas Anthony D. , Creel Liza M. , Bush Matthew L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study was to systematically assess the literature regarding postnatal healthcare utilization and barriers/facilitators of healthcare in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) children.Methods:A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsychINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed research. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed articles reporting on broad aspects of primary and specialty healthcare utilization and access in NAS children. Three investigators independently reviewed all articles and extracted data. Study bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Assessment Scale and the National Institute of Health Study Quality Assessment Tool.Results:This review identified 14 articles that met criteria. NAS children have poorer outpatient appointment adherence and have a higher rate of being lost to follow-up. These children have overall poorer health indicated by a significantly higher risk of ER visits, hospital readmission, and early childhood mortality compared with non-NAS infants. Intensive multidisciplinary support provided through outpatient weaning programs facilitates healthcare utilization and could serve as a model that could be applied to other healthcare fields to improve the health among this population.Conclusions:This review investigated the difficulties in accessing outpatient care as well as the utilization of such care for NAS infants. NAS infants tend to have decreased access to and utilization of outpatient healthcare following hospital birth discharge. Outpatient weaning programs have proven to be effective; however, these programs require intensive resources and care coordination that has yet to be implemented into other healthcare areas for NAS children.
Hegel on Purpose
Authors: Laitinen Arto , Sandis Constantine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new interpretation of Hegel's views on action and responsibility, defending it against its most plausible exegetical competitors.1Any exposition of Hegel will face both terminological and substantive challenges, and so we place, from the outset, some interpretative constraints. The paper divides into two parts. In part one, we point out that Hegel makes a number of distinctions which any sensible account of responsibility should indeed make. Our aim here is to show that Hegel at least has the materials for a sensible and nuanced account, whatever the precise details of how they hang together. Part two then turns to a hard question concerning the relation of two different aspects of our deeds to responsibility. We consider five alternate ways of relieving the tension in Hegel's text, before putting forth our own preferred solution.
SkyMapper Southern Survey: Second data release (DR2)
Authors: Onken Christopher A. , Wolf Christian , Bessell Michael S. , Chang Seo-Won , Da Costa Gary S. , Luvaul Lance C. , Mackey Dougal , Schmidt Brian P. , Shao Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present the second data release (DR2) of the SkyMapper Southern Survey, a hemispheric survey carried out with the SkyMapper Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in Australia, using six optical filters: u, v, g, r, i, z. DR2 is the first release to go beyond the

$\sim\!18$

mag (10

$\sigma$

) limit of the Shallow Survey released in the first data release (DR1), and includes portions of the sky at full survey depth that reach

$>\!21$

mag in g and r filters. The DR2 photometry has a precision as measured by internal reproducibility of 1% in u and v, and 0.7% in griz. More than 21 000

$\deg^2$

have data in some filters (at either Shallow or Main Survey depth) and over 7 000

$\deg^2$

have deep Main Survey coverage in all six filters. Finally, about 18 000

$\deg^2$

have Main Survey data in i and z filters, albeit not yet at full depth. The release contains over 120 000 images, as well as catalogues with over 500 million unique astrophysical objects and nearly 5 billion individual detections. It also contains cross-matches with a range of external catalogues such as Gaia DR2, Pan-STARRS1 DR1, GALEX GUVcat, 2MASS, and AllWISE, as well as spectroscopic surveys such as 2MRS, GALAH, 6dFGS, and 2dFLenS.