bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrov-Galerkin method for small deflections in fourth-order beam equations in civil engineering
Authors: Youssri Youssri Hassan , Atta Ahmed Gamal , Abu Waar Ziad Yousef , Moustafa Mohamed Orabi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explores the Petrov–Galerkin method’s application in solving a linear fourth-order ordinary beam equation of the form

u

″
″

+
q
u
=
f

u^{\prime\prime} ^{\prime\prime} +qu=f

. The equation entails two distinct boundary conditions: pinned–pinned conditions on

u

u

and

u
′

u^{\prime}

, and clamped–clamped conditions on

u

u

and

u

″

{u}^{^{\prime\prime} }

. To satisfy these boundary conditions, we have built two sets of basis functions. The explicit forms of all spectral matrices were reported. The nonhomogeneous boundary conditions were easily handled using perfect transformations, ensuring the numerical solution’s accuracy. Detailed analysis of the method’s convergence was studied. Some numerical examples were presented, accompanied by comparisons with other existing methods in the literature.
Evidence of Middle Palaeolithic human occupation in south-central Oman
Authors: Chlachula Dominik , Hilbert Yamandú H. , Garba Roman , Parton Ash , Arnold Lee , Alsop David , Duval Mathieu , Meredith-Williams Matthew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Debate surrounds the early peopling of the Arabian Peninsula. The first evidence of the Levallois lithic technology in the Huqf area of south-eastern Arabia now extends the Middle Palaeolithic record of hominin activity into central Oman and helps to diversify the picture of Arabian prehistory.
ЭКВИФИНАЛЬНЫЕ И СИНГУЛЯРНЫЕ ГЕОСИСТЕМЫ: СОСТОЯНИЯ, РАЗЛИЧИЯ, ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ
Authors: А.Т. НАПРАСНИКОВ 
Published: November 2024

Предложено введение в географию и биологию нового термина «сингулярность», обозначающего завершающий и преобразующий процесс состояний природных систем и по важности содержания равного понятию «эквифинальность». Осуществлен анализ взаимообусловленности эквифинального и сингулярного состояний в едином цикле природных и природно-хозяйственных процессов локального, регионального и глобального масштабов. Термин «сингулярность» широко используется в астрофизике, где обозначает формирование предельного, завершающего состояния космосистем, которое обеспечивает переход в иное, последующее состояние (вид) при масса-энергетическом всплеске. В связи с этим необходимо уточнить с географических позиций определение и соотношение понятия «сингулярность» с эквифинальностью, обосновать связь и непротиворечивость его трактовки с положениями геосистемной теории. Выявлено место сингулярности в организации геосистем, установлена значимость взаимообусловленности эквифинальных и сингулярных состояний процессов и явлений в пространственно-временных масштабах ландшафтной оболочки. Обоснована эквифинально-сингулярная модель геосистем как единой формы целостных природных систем географии и биологии, базирующаяся на концепции оптимума физико-географического процесса и универсальном законе Шелфорда-Либиха. Выявлен малый геосистемный цикл, формирующий последующие секции, блоки и большой круговорот вещества и энергии планеты в целом.
It is suggested that a new term “singularity” should be introduced into geography and biology implying the final and transforming process of states of natural systems equal in importance to the concept of “equifinality”. An analysis of interdependence of the equipotential and singular states in a single cycle of natural and natural-economic processes of local, regional and global scales was carried out. The term “singularity” is widely used in astrophysics, where it denotes the formation of the limiting, final state of cosmos systems, which provides the transition to a different, subsequent state (kind) during a mass-energy burst. In this connection, it is necessary to specify from geographical positions the definition and the relation of the singularity concept with equifinality, and to substantiate the connection and consistency of its interpretation with the provisions of the geosystem theory. The place of singularity in the organization of geosystems was revealed. The significance of interdependence of equifinal and singular states of processes and phenomena in the spatial and temporal scales of the landscape geosphere was established. The equifinal-singular model of geosystems is substantiated as a single form of integral natural systems of geography and biology, based on the concept of optimum physical-geographical process and the Shelford-Liebig universal law. A minor geosystem cycle which forms the subsequent sections, blocks, and a major cycle of matter and energy of the planet as a whole are revealed.
Examining osteoprotective properties of gluten-free bread made with a combination of amaranth and tigernut flours
Authors: Zharkova I.M. , Grebenshchikov A.V. , Kiselev A.R. , Maksimov S.A. , Karamnova N.S. , Drapkina O.M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGluten-free bread (GFB) consisting of amaranth flour, tigernut (chufa tuber) flour, apple powder, carrot powder, and soy protein isolate can have osteoprotective effects. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) was chosen as a model of experimental osteoporosis. Experimental studies were carried out on white male Wistar rats (n = 150): Group 1 – healthy animals receiving standard diet (StD); Group 2 – GIO rats receiving StD; Group 3 – GIO animals receiving zoledronic acid (ZA) and StD; Group 4 – GIO rats receiving ZA and GFB; Group 5 – GIO animals receiving GFB. We evaluated the general condition of animals and carried out morphological and biochemical studies. Destructive changes in the spatial structure of the bone tissue in GIO, observed in Group 2, led to the inability of the bone to withstand the functional load. At the same time, isolated treatment with ZA had virtually no effect on the final morphological picture. Including GFB in the diet of experimental animals both alone and with ZA had a noticeable protective effect on conditions triggering GIO.
Effect of liquid-solid ratio on metakaolin-based geopolymer binder properties
Authors: Mohammed Al-Saudi Sarah Kareem , Géber Róbert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article aims to achieve the hardening of geopolymer binder-based metakaolin under the same setting time and hardening temperature as traditional cement. It studied the hardening of the geopolymer binder-based metakaolin at two temperatures of 60 °C and room temperature using different liquid-to-solid ratios of 0.8, 0.95, and 1.1. The bulk density, compressive strength, sitting times, thermal conductivity, and microstructure were measured for geopolymer binders. Based on the specified range for cement characteristics, the geopolymer binder was solidified at room temperature, utilizing a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.8 to achieve optimal results stratified according to the cement's ideal characteristics. It had a bulk density of 1.264 g cm−3, compressive strength of 19.12 MPa, initial setting time of 288 min, final setting time of 358 min, and thermal conductivity of 0.49 W m−1 K.
From my music to our music
Authors: Solstad Stein Helge 
Published: November 2024

This article explores the transformative journey from my music as a composer to our music as a group within the context of a jazz recording project. By choosing a practice-based design and a participant observer strategy, I have focused on the reality created with the band, recognizing that a jazz recording process is intersubjective, contextual, and subjective. Cognitive insight is combined with phenomenological accounts of subjective experience to understand the collaborative process better. It reveals strategies, negotiations, and ways of keeping the music alive. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted in rehearsals and recording sessions to capture how the conversations changed as the project progressed. The findings of this research underscore the central role of trust and empathy in balancing individual expression with group cohesion. It gradually shifted towards more embodied intuitive approaches as the project progressed towards recording. Individual initiatives were more often carried out collectively as the process progressed due to more familiarity with each other’s preferences in playing. The importance of the practice-based research project is emphasized by material obtained in both playing and interviews, as the interviews supported the ongoing artistic work through the reflections they stirred.
Development of a method for predicting hazardous ship trajectories under uncertainty of navigator actions
Authors: Ponomaryova Victoria , Nosov Pavlo 
Published: November 2024

The object of the research is the automation processes in maritime navigation to ensure the safety of ship movement by predicting their trajectories in complex aquatic areas, such as narrow passages, straits, and ports. The research applied six key stages to create a comprehensive method for clustering and predicting ship trajectories based on ECDIS data.
In the first stage, ship movement trajectories were constructed according to risk categories, using the LCSS and DTW algorithms to compare planned and actual trajectories. This allowed for the accurate identification of course deviations and the determination of potentially dangerous sections of the trajectory. The second stage implemented clustering using the DBSCAN and GMM algorithms. DBSCAN was used to identify the density of points in space, and GMM provided modeling of cluster probabilities, allowing for better risk zone determination. The third stage applied the Douglas-Peucker compression algorithm to reduce the number of points in the trajectories, which preserved key characteristics and optimized data processing. In the fourth stage, ship movement stability was assessed using the Fourier transform, which allowed the detection of high-frequency oscillations that may indicate movement instability caused by changes in course or speed. The fifth stage included fuzzy clustering of trajectories using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), which allowed modeling the probabilities of dangerous trajectories, considering the uncertainty of navigational parameters. At the final stage, a multilayer neural network (MLP) was used to predict future points of ship trajectories. The model accurately predicted the ship's coordinates, enabling timely trajectory adjustments.
Experimental results showed that the developed method increased the accuracy of ship trajectory prediction to 72–81 % and also significantly reduced the final error, ensuring effective risk management during complex navigation.
Caracterización Antropométrica, Podométrica y Cinemática de karatecas de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC Tunja
Authors: Amaya Cruz Miguel Angel , Manrique Abril Fred Gustavo , Melgarejo Pinto Víctor Manuel , Suárez Parra Adriana Marcela 
Published: November 2024

Introducción. Es una caracterización que aporta al conocimiento corporal del karateca boyacense en mejora de su técnica al ejecutar la patada “Mawashi Geri”, ya que previene lesiones y malas posturas. Objetivo. Caracterizar antropométrica, podométrica y cinemáticamente los Karatecas de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Tunja ante las inestabilidades bilaterales durante la ejecución del movimiento. Metodología. Paradigma empírico analítico de tipo descriptivo transversal. 6 karatecas entre 19 y 22 años de edad conformados por dos mujeres y cuatro hombres con 5 años de vida deportiva. Se valoraron los componentes antropométricos: óseo, muscular, graso, residual y somatotipo. En Podometría tipo de pie según método de Herzco y de cinemática la patada circular en plano sagital y su amplitud angular del eje coxofemoral a través de sus fases. Se utilizó el Software pedagógico KINOVEA versión 0,815 para los ángulos intersegmentales sobre puntos articulares específicos. Resultados. Componentes antropométricos: % graso 11,5±4,5, % muscular 47,3±3,3, % óseo 18,6±1,5 y % residual 22,5±1,7; somatotipo 16,6% ectomorfo y 83,4% mesomorfos. Tipos de pie: derecho 50% normal, 16,3% normal cavo y 33,6% cavo; izquierdo 33,2% normal cavo, 33,2% cavo, 16,3% plano y 16,3% plano normal. Amplitud angular correspondiente a la articulación coxofemoral fue de 124,8°. Conclusiones. El 80% de los karatekas requieren de un buen desarrollo muscular para sostener el combate en sus kumites y el 20% al ser ectomorfos. Podométricamente, El 50%, de los sujetos tienen el pie derecho normal. La tipología del lado predominante revelò que el 33,6% son de pie cavo, 33,2% cavo del izquierdo considerado como un factor de riesgo que genera posibles lesiones a futuro. Cinemàticamente, la patada “Mawashi Geri” tiene más grado de dificultad en su aprendizaje y ejecución, ya que sus músculos y articulaciones se interponen en óptima ejecución además, requieren de una flexibilidad muscular y potencia estática superior a los demás.
Enhancing Teacher Gatekeeper Skills for Suicide: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Among School-Based Lay People in China
Authors: Chen Runsen , Qu Diyang , Liu Bowen , Zhang Xuan , Cai Chengxi , Chen Dongyang , Liu Dongyu , Wen Xue , Wu Zhijun , An Jing , Sun Shufang , Saxena Shekhar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Gatekeeper training equips individuals with the skills to identify those exhibiting warning signs of suicide risk and refer them to appropriate services. However, enhancing gatekeepers’ knowledge, efficacy, subsequent behaviors, and the broader implications of such interventions in school settings remain pressing concerns. To address these challenges, the Life Gatekeeper Training Program (LGTP) was developed. This 8-session program is designed to train school teachers in essential gatekeeper skills through case demonstrations, role-plays, and group discussions, by using a train-the-trainer model. A cluster randomized controlled trial, which randomly assigned 84 schools (including 223 trainers and 4,140 trainees) to intervention and waitlist control groups, was conducted from December 2022 to March 2024 to evaluate the 6- and 12-month outcomes of the LGTP in Yunfu, China. The primary outcomes were teachers’ stigmatization, suicide literacy, perceived competence, and willingness to intervene. The secondary outcome measures were gatekeeper behaviors, including identifying students at risk, discussing potential suicide risk with them, or with their caregiver(s), and referring them to a mental health professional or a specialist clinic. The study was pre-registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, with a registration number of ChiCTR2200066142. Following the principle of intention to treat (ITT), the results of the generalized estimating equations showed LGTP intervention led to significant decreases in stigmatization (b = − 0.80, SE=0.04, PFDR ＜0.001), increases in suicide literacy (b = 0.98, SE=0.04, PFDR<0.001), perceived competence (b = 1.03, SE=0.04, PFDR<0.001), and willingness to intervene (b = 0.76, SE=0.04, PFDR<0.001) compared to the control group at post-intervention, and these effects were moderately maintained at the 6 and 12 months follow up. In addition, gatekeeper behavior outcomes (i.e., Identify risk students, Talk to the students, Talk to the parents, Refer to professional help) in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The LGTP, a standardized program with a brief training format, demonstrated efficacy in increasing actual gatekeeper behaviors among school teachers in China. The delivery strategies of this program enabled rapid scalability to reach a large population within a short time frame, thereby offering opportunities to expand early intervention and prevention efforts.
Two new species of Graphium (Microascales, Ascomycota) associated with pine-infesting bark beetles in China
Authors: Li Jie , Gao Xiang , Liu Kun , Chen Minjie , Ran Yutong , Liu Congwang , Lin Tong , Yin Mingliang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Graphium is a genus of fungi that falls under the order Microascales of Ascomycota. Some species in this genus can establish a unique symbiotic relationship with the pine-infesting bark beetles, while others are typically found in wood or soil habitats. To comprehensively investigate the diversity of species of these fungi, recent field trips were conducted in seven provinces (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Guangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, and Shandong) in China. 96 pure isolates of Graphium were obtained by sequences from 361 samples. Nineteen representative strains were carefully selected to generate sequencing data from four gene regions (ITS, LSU, EF1A and TUBB), then used to construct phylogenetic trees for the genus. The results revealed the discovery of two new species, namely G. armandii sp. nov. and G. massoniana sp. nov., and G. pseudoumiticum was the most common species in various pine hosts.
Assessing private solutions to collective action problems in a 34-nation study
Authors: Malthouse Eugene , Pilgrim Charlie , Sgroi Daniel , Accerenzi Michela , Alfonso Antonio , Ashraf Rana Umair , Baard Max , Banerjee Sanchayan , Belianin Alexis , Bhattacharjee Swagata , Bhattacharya Mihir , Branas-Garza Pablo , Cardenas Juan-Camilo , Carriquiry Miguel , Choi Syngjoo , Clochard Gwen-Jiro , Denzon Eduardo Ezekiel , Dessoulavy-Sliwinski Bartlomiej , Dini Giorgio , Dong Lu , Ertl Antal , Exadaktylos Filippos , Filiz-Ozbay Emel , Flecke Sarah , Galeotti Fabio , Garcia Teresa , Hanaki Nobuyuki , Hollard University of Warwick , Horn Daniel , Huang Lingbo , İriş Doruk , Kiss Hubert Janos , Koch Juliane , Kovářík Jaromír , Kwarteng Osbert , Lange Andreas , Leites Martin , Leung Ho-Fung , Lim Wooyoung , Morren Meike , Nockur Laila , Okyere Charles , Oudah Mayada , Ozkes Ali , Page Lionel , Park Junghyun , Pfattheicher Stefan , Proestakis Antonios , Ramos Carlos , Ramos-Sosa Mapi , Ashraf Muhammad Saeed , Sanjaya Muhammad Ryan , Schwaiger Rene , Sene Omar , Song Fei , Spycher Sarah , Staněk Rostislav , Tanchingco Norman , Tavoni Alessandro , Velde Vera te , Francisco María José Vázquez-De , Visser Martine , Wang Joseph Tao-yi , Wang Willy , Weng Wei-Chien , Werner Katharina , Wijayanti Amanda , Winkler Ralph , Wooders John , Ying Li , Zhen Wei , Hills Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Collective action problems emerge when individual incentives and group interests are misaligned, as in the case of climate change1–5. Individuals involved in collective action problems are often considered to have two options: contribute towards a public solution or free-ride. But they might also choose a third option of investing in a private solution such as local climate change adaptation6–8. Here we introduce a collective action game featuring wealth inequality caused by luck or merit and both public and private solutions with participants from 34 countries. We show that the joint existence of wealth inequality and private solutions has a consistent effect across countries: participants endowed with higher income choose the private solution almost twice as often as those endowed with lower income; and this finding cannot be explained by different sources of wealth (luck vs. merit) or by cultural or economic factors. We also show that preferences for private solutions undermine support for public solutions, resulting in wealth inequality increasing in every country. In contrast, we identify two universal pathways to successful public solution provision: early contributions to public solutions and conditional cooperation. Our findings highlight the ubiquity of the ‘private solution problem’ and its potential consequences for global collective action problems.
Surface sediment properties and heavy metal contamination assessment in typical urban areas from middle and upper reaches of Yellow River
Authors: Wang Junzhang , Tao Ling , Ren Hanru , Xue Xiangyu , Yang Zhijie , Jiang Yucheng , Ren Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

River sediments are considered a source and sink of potential heavy metal pollutants and can provide important information for the health of aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution has become a serious problem in global river systems and adversely affects humans through the food chain.The contents of eight types of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd) in the sediments of six typical urban areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River were analyzed to explore the spatial distribution characteristics between cities and evaluate the degree of pollution.The main research objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to analyze the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in sediments along rivers in six typical urban areas to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution in sediments; (2) to reveal the enrichment characteristics and pollution level of eight types of heavy metals in six typical urban areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River; (3) to propose the ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of six typical urban areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River using the potential ecological risk index method.
Enhancement of D-lactic acid production by the methylotrophic yeast, Komagataella phaffii, via optimization of D-LDH gene and promoter and post-transformational gene amplification
Authors: Inoue Yoshifumi , Yamada Ryosuke , Matsumoto Takuya , Ogino Hiroyasu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Currently, efficient technologies producing useful chemicals from alternative carbon resources, such as methanol, to replace petroleum are in demand. The methanol-utilizing yeast, Komagataella phaffii, is a promising microorganism to produce chemicals from methanol using environment-friendly microbial processes. In this study, to achieve efficient D-lactic acid production from methanol, we investigated a combination of D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) genes and promoters in K. phaffii. The yeast strain was constructed by integrating a gene cassette containing the identified gene and promoter into the rDNA locus of K. phaffii, followed by post-transformational gene amplification. Subsequently, D-lactic acid production from methanol was evaluated.
Results
Among the five D-LDH genes and eight promoters tested, the combination of LlDLDH derived from Leuconostoc lactis and CAT1 and FLD1 promoters was suitable for expression in K. phaffii. GS115_CFL/Z3/04, the best-engineered strain constructed via integration of LlDLDH linked to CAT1 and FLD1 promoters into the rDNA locus and post-transformational gene amplification, produced 5.18 g/L D-lactic acid from methanol. To the best of our knowledge, the amount of D-lactic acid from methanol produced by this engineered yeast is the highest reported value to date, including both D- and L- lactic acids.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of combining different enzyme genes and promoters using multiple promoters with different induction and repression conditions, integrating the genes into the rDNA locus, and further amplifying the genes after transformation in K. phaffii. Using our established method, other K. phaffii strains can be engineered to produce various useful chemicals in the future.