bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a method to optimise the dimensions of steel bearing rings for automotive applications
Authors: Šafář Marek , Voldřich Rostislav , Harničárová Marta , Valíček Jan , Kušnerová Milena , Kopal Ivan , Borzan Marian , Tozan Hakan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe presented publication deals with the method of optimisation of dimensions of specific bearing rings on the basis of the production process of grinding the surfaces of the faces and outer surfaces of these bearings after turning and hardening by means of a suitable addition corrected by a suitable number of grinding passes. By comparing the analysed results of bearing ring dimensions measurements obtained after turning and hardening before and after optimisation, the capability indices of the applied manufacturing processes are evaluated. In the context of standard values of capability indices common in engineering practice, the proposed method aims at achieving higher product quality, as well as increasing the efficiency and economic benefit of the applied manufacturing processes.
Actions and representations of g-digroups
Authors: Marín-Gaviria Isaías David , Rodríguez-Nieto José Gregorio , Salazar-Díaz Olga Patricia , Velásquez Raúl 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study g-digroup actions by proving some results that are well known in group actions, for example: the orbit stabilizer theorem, the class equation, Burnside’s formula, and we relate g-digroup actions with trioids. We introduce the definition of a representation of a g-digroup into dialgebras and establish a strong connection with g-digroup action, like in the group case.
Comprehensive assessment of supratentorial and infratentorial volumes in infants with myelomeningocele with and without Chiari malformation type II
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroaki , Shimada Makoto , Takemoto Osamu , Chiba Yasuyoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Chiari malformation type II (CM-II) is a congenital anomaly commonly associated with myelomeningocele (MMC), a severe form of open spina dysraphism. This study aimed to evaluate both supratentorial and infratentorial volumes in MMC infants with and without CM-II.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of 52 MMC infants treated between April 2006 and July 2023. Infants were classified as non-CM-II or CM-II based on the presence of cerebellar displacement. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) at 0 months of age. Volumetric parameters included intracranial volume (ICV), lateral ventricles volume (LVV), posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV), cerebellum volume (CBMV), and brainstem volume (BSV). LVV represented supratentorial structures, while PCFV, CBMV, and BSV represented infratentorial structures.

Results
CM-II was diagnosed in 30 infants (57.7%). Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between supratentorial (LVV) and infratentorial volumes (PCFV, CBMV, and BSV), and positive correlations among volumes within the same space(e.g., PCFV, CBMV, and BSV). CM-II infants exhibited significantly larger ICV (p = 0.04) and LVV (p < 0.001), but smaller PCFV (p < 0.001) and CBMV (p < 0.001) than non-CM-II infants. LVV was the best predictor for distinguishing non-CM-II from CM-II (area under the curve = 0.91).

Conclusion
This study identified positive correlations within the same space and negative correlations between supratentorial and infratentorial volumes. LVV emerged as a critical indicator of CM-II, reflecting the relationship between reduced infratentorial space and enlarged supratentorial ventricles (hydrocephalus). These findings provide insights into the pathophysiology and clinical implications of CM-II in MMC patients.
Novel polymorphic and copy number diversity in the antibody IGH locus of South African individuals
Authors: Marsden Alaine A. , Corcoran Martin , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla , Garrett Nigel , Karim Salim S. Abdool , Moore Penny L. , Kitchin Dale , Morris Lynn , Scheepers Cathrine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The heavy chain of an antibody is crucial for mediating antigen binding. IGHV genes, which partially encode the heavy chain of antibodies, exhibit vast genetic diversity largely through polymorphism and copy number variation (CNV). These genetic variations impact population-level expression levels. In this study, we analyzed expressed antibody transcriptomes and matched germline IGHV genes from donors from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Amplicon NGS targeting germline IGHV sequences was performed on genomic DNA from 70 participants, eight of whom had matched datasets of expressed antibody transcriptomes. Germline IGHV sequencing identified 161 unique IGHV alleles, of which 32 were novel. A further 21 novel IGHV alleles were detected in the expressed transcriptomes of these donors. We also examined the datasets for CNV, uncovering gene duplications of 10 IGHV genes from germline sequencing and 33 genes in the expressed transcriptomes. Many of the IGHV gene duplications have not been described in other populations. This study expands our understanding of genetic differences in distinct populations and suggests the potential impact of genetic diversity on immune responses.
Direct traction MR imaging of the wrist: practical experience
Authors: Zhang Miaoru , Yip Stefanie W. Y. , Wu Su , Yeung David K. W. , Griffith James F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
To study the effect of direct wrist traction on patient pain and joint distraction on MRI.

Materials and methods
291 patients (109 males, 182 females; mean age, 45.8 years) who underwent wrist MRI between November 2019 and September 2024 were studied (152 patients with traction, 139 patients without traction). All patients completed a questionnaire assessing wrist pain scores before, during, and ten minutes after MRI examination. Joint space width and cartilage visibility of the radiocarpal and intercarpal joints were assessed. For patients with arthroscopy within one year after MRI, diagnostic accuracy of intrinsic ligament and triangular fibrocartilage complex tears was assessed.

Results
Fifty-seven (38%) of 152 traction patients had an average increase of 1 point (range, 0 ~ 2) in wrist pain following traction compared to 24 (17%) of 139 non-traction patients (p = 0.085). 44% traction patients and 38% non-traction patients reported non-wrist pain (mainly shoulder, neck), with no inter-group difference in location, prevalence, or pain score (all p values > 0.05). Average joint space width was 0.6 mm wider in the traction group (p < 0.001). On average, eighty-five (60%) of 141 traction patients had ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ articular cartilage visibility compared to 22 (17%) of 126 non-traction patients (p < 0.001). Traction tended to increase diagnostic accuracy for intrinsic ligament tear, though it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.136).

Conclusion
Compared to wrist MRI without traction, traction increases joint space width and improves cartilage visibility, though with a slight increase in wrist pain.
International survey on diagnostic reference levels based on clinical indications in plain radiography
Authors: Schegerer Alexander A. , Stamm Georg , Aberle Christoph , Ammon Josefin , Bazrafshan Babak , Borowski Markus , Eßeling Rainer , Madsack Bärbel , Menz Roman , Müller Constance , Oberhofer Nadia , Renger Bernhard , Singer Julian , Verius Michael , Walz Michael , Jungnickel Kerstin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To collect and analyze radiation dose-related data as part of international cooperation; to define diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for 24 X-ray projections in plain radiography (DX) considering anatomical region, clinical task, and procedural technique; and to harmonize the exposure practice across country borders.

Methods
A multicenter study was performed in Austria, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland in 2022–23 to provide dose-related data. Healthcare facilities were asked to provide processed data from their dose management systems. A 5%-level was used for assessing the statistical significance of dose differences between various groups.

Results
Dose-related data from 85 radiographic systems in academic and non-academic, public, and private healthcare facilities were analyzed. Dose-related parameters differed significantly for many projections with different clinical tasks and techniques. Dose-related data of the procedures varied by a maximum factor of 16 for the same system, and median dose values also differed between hospitals by a maximum factor of 31. A fifth of the surveyed systems exhibit doses above more than half of the new DRLs defined in this study. Apart from the three reference procedures, no significant dose differences were observed between X-ray systems of different ages, from different manufacturers, or from different countries.

Conclusions
This is the first survey in which exposure practices were investigated in institutions in different central European countries by establishing clinical DRLs for radiography. The observed dose variations could be explained by different reasons, such as non-optimized dose protocols. The new DRLs help to harmonize the exposure practice across country borders.

Key Points
QuestionWhat is the exposure practice for plain radiography procedures for which no clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) have been defined? Are there differences between countries?
FindingsThe dose for the same clinical task and technique can vary considerably among institutions but, on average, do not significantly differ between neighboring countries in Europe.
Clinical relevanceIn this international multicenter study, clinical DRLs were defined for 24 plain radiography projections to promote the optimization of the exposure practice, to reduce dose variations among institutions even across national borders, and to strengthen international cooperation among users.
Estimation of uncertainties in the density driven flow in fractured porous media using MLMC
Authors: Logashenko Dmitry , Litvinenko Alexander , Tempone Raul , Wittum Gabriel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe use the Multi Level Monte Carlo method to estimate uncertainties in a Henry-like salt water intrusion problem with a fracture. The flow is induced by the variation of the density of the fluid phase, which depends on the mass fraction of salt. While the fracture’s location is fixed, its aperture is uncertain. In our setting, porosity and permeability vary spatially and recharge is time-dependent. So we introduce three random variables, one controlling both the porosity and permeability fields, one for the fracture width and one for the intensity of recharge. For each realization of these uncertain parameters, the evolution of mass fraction and pressure fields is modeled using a system of non-linear, time-dependent PDEs with a solution discontinuity at the fracture. These uncertainties propagate, affecting the distribution of salt concentration, a key factor in water resource quality. We show that the MLMC method can be successfully applied to this problem. It significantly reduces the computational cost compared to classical Monte Carlo methods by effectively balancing discretisation and statistical errors, and by evaluating multiple scenarios over different spatial and temporal mesh levels. The deterministic PDE solver, using the ug4 library, runs in parallel to compute all stochastic scenarios.
Detection of phosphatidylethanol after ethanol intake with targeted blood alcohol concentrations of 0.6 g/kg and 0.75 g/kg
Authors: Spleis Franziska , Bantle Matthias , Schuldis Dominik , Bell Lorenz M. , Thierauf-Emberger Annette , Weinmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Alcohol consumption is widespread in most western countries such as Germany and a relevant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Sensitive detection of alcohol consumption using suitable markers is therefore of central importance for clinical and forensic diagnostics. Direct alcohol markers are non-oxidative products of ethanol, which are produced in the body during the degradation of ethanol and provide high sensitivity and specificity. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a promising marker for detecting alcohol consumption in the past days to weeks. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum amount of ethanol for a single alcohol consumption that leads to a detectable increase in blood PEth concentration. Therefore, 12 participants were recruited and, after four weeks of abstinence, drinking tests were carried out with target blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 0.6 g/kg and 0.75 g/kg. The PEth samples were obtained as dried-blood spots on the test day and the three following days and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The result of the study were a detectable increase of PEth in the blood above limit of detection after both drinking events in all participants and an increase in PEth above the cutoff concentration for abstinence of 20 ng/mL in 9/12 (75%) and 7/12 (58%) participants, respectively, from a minimum BAC of 0.48 g/kg. These results make PEth appear promising as a marker for controlled moderate alcohol consumption.
Evidence-based cancer care: assessing guideline adherence of multidisciplinary tumor board recommendations for breast and colorectal cancer in a non-academic medical center
Authors: Leonhardt Carl-Stephan , Lanzenberger Leopold , Puehringer Raphael , Klaiber Ulla , Hauser Irene , Strobel Oliver , Prager Gerald , Bodingbauer Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) are associated with improved outcomes. Yet, most patients in Western countries receive cancer care at non-academic medical centers. Guideline adherence of MTB recommendations in non-academic medical centers as well as factors contributing to non-adherence remain largely unexplored.

Methods
This retrospective study followed the STROBE recommendations. All cases discussed at the MTB of the Landesklinikum Baden-Moedling, Austria, were eligible for inclusion. Guideline non-adherence was assessed by two reviewers independently using the AWMF S3 guidelines. Factors associated with guideline non-adherence were investigated using multivariable ordinal regression.

Results
In total, 579 patients were included in the final analysis: 486 were female (83.9%) and 93 were male (16.1%), with a median age of 70 years (IQR 60–80). Most had breast cancer (n = 451; 77.9%), while 128 had colorectal cancer (22.1%). Complete adherence to guidelines was observed in 453 patients (78.2%), major deviations in 60 (10.4%), and minor deviations in 66 (11.4%) patients. Non-adherence was primarily due to patient preferences (n = 24; 40.0%), lack of surgical treatment recommendation (n = 24; 40.0%), and comorbidities (n = 9; 15.0%). After adjusting for relevant variables, predictors of non-adherence included older age at diagnosis (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04), colorectal cancer (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.99–7.42), higher ECOG status (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.18–2.16), and a more recent MTB conference (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.41).

Conclusion
Overall, guideline adherence was high for colorectal and breast cancer and comparable to results from academic medical centers. However, results need to be confirmed in other tumor entities.
A pan-European survey of robotic training for gastrointestinal surgery: European Robotic Surgery Consensus (ERSC) initiative
Authors: Fadel Michael G. , Walshaw Josephine , Pecchini Francesca , Yiasemidou Marina , Boal Matthew , Elhadi Muhammed , Fehervari Matyas , Massey Lisa H. , Carrano Francesco Maria , Antoniou Stavros A. , Nickel Felix , Perretta Silvana , Fuchs Hans F. , Hanna George B. , Kontovounisios Christos , Francis Nader K. ,   the European Robotic Surgery Consensus (ERSC) study group
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
There has been a recent rapid growth in the adoption of robotic systems across Europe. This study aimed to capture the current state of robotic training in gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and to identify potential challenges and barriers to training within Europe.

Methods
A pan-European survey was designed to account for the opinion of the following GI surgery groups: (i) experts/independent practitioners; (ii) trainees with robotic access; (iii) trainees without robotic access; (iv) robotic industry representatives. The survey explored various aspects, including stakeholder opinions on bedside assisting, console operations, challenges faced and performance assessment. It was distributed through multiple European surgical societies and industry, in addition to social media and snowball sampling, between December 2023 and March 2024.

Results
A total of 1360 participants responded, with valid/complete responses from 1045 participants across 38 European countries. Six hundred and ninety-five (68.0%) experts and trainees were not aware of a dedicated robotic training curriculum for trainees, with 13/23 (56.5%) industry representatives not incorporating training for trainees in their programme. Among trainees with access to robotic systems, 94/195 (48.2%) had not performed any robotic cases, citing challenges including a lack of certified robotic trainers and training lists. Both experts and trainees agreed that trainees should start bedside assisting and operating on the console earlier than they currently do. Assessment tools of trainee performance were not being used by 139/479 (29.0%) participants.

Conclusion
This pan-European survey highlights the need for a standardised robotic curriculum to address the gap in visceral training, assessment and certification. A greater emphasis may be required on implementing robotic training earlier through simulation training, dual console learning, bedside assisting, key clinical performance indicators, and assessment tools. The findings will guide the development of a pan-European consensus on the essential components of a comprehensive training programme for GI robotic surgery.
Eco-friendly recovery of pure and long carbon fibres from aged epoxy matrix composites by H2O2 as an oxidant
Authors: Mabalane Paul Njeni , Molnar Kristof , Khalifa Yehia , Puskas Judit E. , Molnár Kolos , Khoathane Caroline 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, we focused on the chemical recovery of carbon fibres from epoxy matrix composite wastes. First, we laminated and cured composite panels from carbon fibre-reinforced prepregs (CFRP) and then aged them under controlled circumstances to simulate their lifespan. Fibre recovery was then carried out by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 6 bar and between 60 and 150 °C. We chose this material because it results in a rapid, cost-efficient, and environmentally friendly process. Besides, we expected it would allow the removal of the polymer matrix without fragmenting the fibres. We aimed to investigate the matrix decomposition in H2O2, the purity of the obtained fibres and the retention of their mechanical properties. The purity and the structure of the obtained carbon fibres were then characterised by using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We found that H2O2 was effective in recovering carbon fibres, especially at 150 °C. The mechanical results showed that the retention of the modulus was complete, while the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased by 35% due to microstructural damages. The fibres still have better properties than glass or basalt fibres; therefore, good-quality composites can be made using them.
Graphical Abstract
Adsorptive removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution using micronized oil shale
Authors: Rauch Renáta , Lukács Éva , Molnár Miklós 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the utilization of a unique oil shale as a sorbent for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of various process parameters, including the contact time, sorbent/liquid ratio, pH, and temperature, on the sorption process was evaluated. The results indicated the near-complete sorption of 2,4-DCP within 24 h. Favorable sorption was observed either at a sorbent/liquid ratio of 1:10, at elevated temperatures (40 °C), or at lower pH values (pH = 5) within the examined range. The maximum adsorption capacity at 40 °C has the potential to reach up to 20.0 µmol/g. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips isotherms were applied to the experimental data, but the Sips isotherm provided a superior fit, suggesting a heterogeneous sorption. Kinetic studies revealed a two-stage process: intraparticle diffusion dominated the initial stage, whereas other rate-limiting mechanisms may have contributed to the second stage. The first- and second-order kinetic models suggested a combined mechanism. According to the thermodynaic study, the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, as indicated by the negative Gibbs free energy change and enthalpy change, which suggest that physisorption predominated. These findings demonstrate the potential of the investigated oil shale as an unconventional and cost-effective sorbent, potentially serving as a substitute for activated carbon in 2,4-DCP removal.

Graphical abstract
Binary Droplet Collisions in Bioprinting: Influence of Material Properties on Mixing and Repeatability
Authors: Ruiz-Gutiérrez Élfego , Hasslberger Josef , Klein Markus , Dalgarno Kenny , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe study of suspended binary droplet collisions is an active research topic that has gathered interest due to its complexity and its industrial applications such as bioprinting. For many techniques that rely on the collision of two droplets, the quality of the outcome depends on the mixing process that begins when the droplets come in contact with each other. In this work, we study how the difference in material properties of colliding droplets, such as viscosity and surface tension, affect the mixing process. Employing multiphase direct numerical simulations, the distribution of the impinging liquids and the structure of the flow field have been analysed to find ways of mixing and process repeatability optimisation. To analyse the effects that differences in viscosity and surface tension have in the mixing process, the flows emerging from the collision are analysed. The differences in kinematic viscosity, in the range of $$1 \times 10^{-7}$$

1
×

10

-
7

to $$1 \times 10^{-5}\,\text {m}^{2}\text {s}^{-1}$$

1
×

10

-
5

m
2

s

-
1

and surface tension, in the range of 36 to $${82.7\,\mathrm{\text {m}\text {N} \, \text {m}^{-1}}}$$

82.7

mN

m

-
1

, have also been demonstrated to affect the trajectory of the centre of mass and morphology of the droplets upon collision and thus could have implications from the point of view of process repeatability. In the parameter space considered here, it was found that differences in viscosity and surface tension enhance the mixing due to the departure from the symmetry in the collision.
Mapping hazards to the global food system
Authors: Willer David F. , Short Samuel , Khripko Diana , Petrovan Silviu O. , Christie Alec P. , Bremner Julie , Sutherland William J. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Environmental hazards associated with the global food system threaten societal integrity. Yet, there is a major data gap in the global understanding of how the prevalence of hazards is changing over time, how different classes of hazard are distributed, and whether the combined literature represents hazard prevalence equitably across research, policy and legislation, and news. Here, we explore this data gap, leveraging global research, policy, and news databases. We reveal increasing attention on food system hazards over time, in line with major geopolitical events. Coverage on environmental hazards is not distributed equally geographically, and media attention does not match research and policy evidence focus. Climate change and water scarcity in particular receive substantial attention across all source types, whilst, for example biodiversity loss, genetic erosion, or harmful algal blooms receive much less. Environmental, financial and food systems sustainability damage due to hazard neglect should be avoided and a first step is to understand, map, and quantify biases in focus.