bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Of Glaucoma And Associated Factors Among Adults In Gish Abay Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Bizuneh Zewdu Yenegeta , Tsega Ayanaw , Addis Yezinash , Admassu Fisseha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction Glaucoma is a global public health problem and it is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and the fifth cause of blindness in Ethiopia. Even though public knowledge of glaucoma is a key for early case identification and prevention of blindness, it is unknown in the study area, making provision of interventions difficult. Objective: To assess knowledge of glaucoma and associated factors among adults in Gish Abay town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018 Methods: A Community based cross - sectional study design with systematic random sampling technique was used to select 630 adults. The study was conducted from April 25-May 05, 2018. Data was entered into Epi Info version 7 and was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Binary logistic regression model and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence level was used to identify the significant factors associated with knowledge of glaucoma. P–value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: About 594 adults were participated with a response rate of 94%. Nearly 52% of the participants were females with median age of 28 years. The proportion of good knowledge was demonstrated in 68.9% [95% CI; 61, 75.9]. Educational status: secondary education [AOR; 4.01: 1.15, 13.94], college and above [AOR; 4.49: 1.31, 15.32], history of eye examination [AOR; 2.86: 1.05, 7.79] and younger age (18-22) [6.39: 1.82, 22.41] were positively associated with good knowledge of glaucoma. Conclusion and recommendation: The proportion of good knowledge of glaucoma was high. Better educational status, younger age, eye examination at least once in life and higher income level were associated with better knowledge of glaucoma. Recognizing the severity of glaucoma, enhancing knowledge is paramount at the community.
Identifying appropriate outcomes to help evaluate the impact of the Canadian Guideline for Safe and Effective Use of Opioids for Non-Cancer Pain
Authors: Allen Michael , Sproule Beth , MacDougall Peter , Furlan Andrea , Murphy Laura , Debono Victoria Borg , Buckley Norman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The Canadian Guideline for Safe and Effective Use of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain (COG) was developed in response to increasing rates of opioid-related hospital visits and deaths in Canada, and uncertain benefits of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Following publication, we developed a list of evaluable outcomes to assess the impact of this guideline on practice and patient outcomes .
Methods: A working group at the National Pain Centre at McMaster University used a modified Delphi process to construct a list of clinical and patient outcomes important in assessing the uptake and application of the COG. An advisory group then reviewed this list to determine the relevance and feasibility of each outcome, and identified potential data sources. This feedback was reviewed by the National Faculty for the Guideline, and a National Advisory Group that included the creators of the COG, resulting in the final list of 5 priority outcomes.
Results: Five outcomes were judged clinically important and feasible to measure: 1) Effects of opioids for CNCP on quality of life, 2) Assessment of patient’s risk of addiction before starting opioid therapy, 3) Monitoring patients on opioid therapy for aberrant drug-related behaviour, 4) Mortality rates associated with prescription opioid overdose and 5) Use of treatment agreements with patients before initiating opioid therapy for CNCP. Data sources for these outcomes included patient’s medical charts, e-Opioid Manager, prescription monitoring programs and administrative databases.

Conclusion: Measuring the impact of best practice guidelines is infrequently done. Future research should consider capturing the five outcomes identified in this study to evaluate the impact of the COG in promoting evidence-based use of opioids for CNCP.
Effects of Different Doses of Magnesium Sulfate on Pneumoperitoneum-related Hemodynamic Changes in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Laparoscopy
Authors: Tan Wei , Qian Dong-chen , Zheng Meng-meng , Lu Xuan , Han Yuan , Qi Dun yi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The infusion of magnesium sulfate is well known to reduce arterial pressure and attenuate hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum. This study aimed to investigate whether different doses of magnesium sulfate can effectively attenuate the pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic changes and the release of vasopressin in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery.
Methods: Sixty-nine patients undergoing laparoscopic partial gastrectomy were randomized into three groups: group L received magnesium sulfate 30 mg/kg loading dose and 15 mg/kg/h continuous maintenance infusion for 1 h; group H received magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg followed by 30 mg/kg/h for 1 h; and group S (control group) received same volume 0.9% saline infusion, immediately before the induction of pneumoperitoneum. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure(CVP), serum vasopressin and magnesium concentrations were measured. The extubation time, visual analogue scale were also assessed. The primary outcome is the difference in SVR between different groups. The secondary outcome is the differences of other indicators between groups, such as CO, MAP, HR, CVP, vasopressin and postoperative pain score.
Results: Pneumoperitoneum instantly resulted in a significant reduction of cardiac output and an increase in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure and heart rate in the control group (P < 0.01). The mean arterial pressure (T2 – T4), systemic vascular resistance (T2 – T3), central venous pressure(T3-T5) and the level of serum vasopressin were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the cardiac output (T2 – T3) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group H than those in the control group. The mean arterial pressure (T4), systemic vascular resistance (T2), and central venous pressure(T3-T4) were significantly lower in group H than those in group L (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the visual analog scales at 5 min and 20 min, the level of vasopressin, and the dose of remifentanil were significantly decreased in group H compared to the control group and group L (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate could safely and effectively attenuate the pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic instability during gastrointestinal laparoscopy and improve postoperative pain at serum magnesium concentrations above 2 mmol/L.
Comparison of marsupialization under nasal endoscopy versus lacrimal probing for treatment of congenital dacryocystoceles: a report of 40 cases
Authors: Cui Yan-Hui , Sun Peng , Tang Li-Xing , Zhang Cheng-Yue , Wu Qian , Yu Gang , Li Li , Wei Wen-Bin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background This study was performed to compare the efficacy of marsupialization under nasal endoscopy versus Lacrimal probing in the treatment of congenital dacryocystocele. Methods Forty neonates (43 eyes) diagnosed with congenital dacryocystoceles were divided into Group A (nasal endoscopic marsupialization) and Group B (Lacrimal probing). The patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery. The efficacy, incidence of complications, and reoperation rate were compared between the two groups. Results The male:female ratio was 25:15 patients (27:16 eyes). In Group A, the success rate was 100%, the incidence of complications was 5%, and the reoperation rate was 0%. In Group B, the success rate was 90%, the incidence of complications was 20%, and the reoperation rate was 30%. Conclusion Compared with Lacrimal probing, marsupialization under nasal endoscopy provides greater efficacy and safety for congenital dacryocystoceles.
Key words: Nasal endoscopy; Marsupialization; Lacrimal probing; Congenital dacryocystocele
Analysis of spatial variability and temporal trends of rainfall in Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Melkamu Meseret , Bawoke Getnet Taye 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Understanding rainfall distribution in space and time is crucial for sustainable water resource management and agricultural productivity. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal trends of rainfall in Amhara region using time series rainfall data of Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) for the period 1981–2017. Coefficient of variation, standardized anomaly index (SAI), precipitation concentration index (PCI) and seasonality index (SI) were used to evaluate rainfall variability and seasonality. Mann–Kendall's test was also employed for rainfall trend analysis. Results showed that the region has been experiencing variable rainfall events that cause droughts and floods over different years. SAI also witnessed the presence of inter-annual variability of rainfall with negative and positive anomalies in 59.46% and 40.54% of the analyzed years, respectively. PCI and SI results implied that the area had irregular and strong irregular rainfall distribution. Trend analysis results showed an overall increase in the annual and seasonal rainfall (except winter) during the study period. The information obtained from this study could serve as a proxy for rainfall variability and trend in the study area which might be used as input for decision-makers to take appropriate adaptive measures in various agricultural and water resources sectors.
Use of Web Conferencing Technology for Conducting Online Focus Groups Among Young People With Lived Experience of Suicidal Thoughts: Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Han Jin , Torok Michelle , Gale Nyree , Wong Quincy JJ , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Hetrick Sarah E , Christensen Helen 
Published: October 2019

Background
There is an increasing interest in engaging people with lived experience in suicide prevention research. However, young people with suicidal thoughts have been described as a “hard-to-include” population due to time, distance, stigma, and social barriers.

Objective
This study aims to investigate whether conducting synchronous Web conferencing technology–based online focus groups (W-OFGs) is a feasible method to engage young people with lived experience of suicidal thoughts in suicide prevention research.

Methods
Young people aged between 16 and 25 years and living in Sydney, Australia, were recruited through flyers, emails, and social media advertisements. The W-OFGs were established using a Web conferencing technology called GoToMeeting. Participants’ response rate, attendance, and feedback of the W-OFGs were analyzed to determine whether the W-OFG system is feasible for suicide prevention research. Researchers’ reflections about how to effectively implement the W-OFGs were also reported as part of the results.

Results
In the pre–W-OFG survey, 39 (97.5%) young people (n=40) chose to attend the online focus group. Among the 22 participants who responded to the W-OFG invitations, 15 confirmed that they would attend the W-OFGs, of which 11 participants attended the W-OFGs. Feedback collected from the participants in the W-OFG and the post–W-OFG survey suggested that online focus groups are acceptable to young people in suicide prevention research. Considerations for selecting the Web conferencing platform, conducting the mock W-OFGs, implementing the risk management procedure, inviting participants to the W-OFGs, and hosting and moderating the W-OFGs as well as a few potential ethical and pragmatic challenges in using this method are discussed in this study.

Conclusions
The Web conferencing technology provides a feasible replacement for conventional methods, particularly for qualitative research involving vulnerable populations and stigmatized topics including suicide prevention. Our results indicate that this modality is an optimal alternative to engage young people in the focus group discussion. Future studies should compare the data collected from the Web conferencing technology and conventional face-to-face methods in suicide prevention research to determine if these two methods are equivalent in data quality from a quantitative approach.
Jaime M. Pensado y Enrique C. Ochoa (eds.) México beyond 1968: Revolutionaries, Radicals, and Repression during the Global Sixties and Subversive Seventies
Authors: Rodríguez Israel 
Published: October 2019

Reseña sobre Jaime M. Pensado y Enrique C. Ochoa (eds.) <em>México beyond 1968: Revolutionaries, Radicals, and Repression during the Global Sixties and Subversive Seventies</em>, Tucson, The University of Arizona Press, 2018, XV-342 p.
Rolling Resistance Calculation Procedure Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Zitelli Pablo N. , Curtosi Gabriel N. , Kuster Jorge 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Tire engineers are interested in predicting rolling resistance using tools such as numerical simulation and tests. When a car is driven along, its tires are subjected to repeated deformation, leading to energy dissipation as heat. Each point of a loaded tire is deformed as the tire completes a revolution. Most energy dissipation comes from the cyclic loading of the tire, which causes the rolling resistance in addition to the friction force in the contact patch between the tire and road. Rolling resistance mainly depends on the dissipation of viscoelastic energy of the rubber materials used to manufacture the tires. To obtain a good rolling resistance, the calculation method of the tire finite element model must take into account temperature changes. It is mandatory to calibrate all of the rubber compounds of the tire at different temperatures and strain frequencies. Linear viscoelasticity is used to model the materials properties and is found to be a suitable approach to tackle energy dissipation due to hysteresis for rolling resistance calculation.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ENGLISH TEACHERS COMMUNICATION PATTERN AT SMPN 1 PETANGBADUNG REGENCY
Authors: Meiyana Ariss Susanti I Luh 
Published: October 2019

In this study, the researcher would like to investigate the types of reinforcements used by male and female teacher, the frequency of using reinforcements both male and female teacher, and to whom it is usually addressed by each teacher. The concern of this study, there were two subjects chosen, one male and one female English teacher. The data was collected through observation and interview. The result of the study showed that those teachers are the same in using the types of reinforcement; they applied praise and negative reinforcement. In term of frequency of using reinforcement, female teachers applied more often than male teachers. Male and female teacher tended to reinforce them who were active in the classroom without regarding the students’ gender. In responding to reinforcement given, mostly students responded by smiling and becoming more active in the following the next lesson. In certain cases, male student showed different responses, particularly when they received negative reinforcement in term of point reducing and withdrawing certain image that they had.
The Function and The Role of Public Relation in The Milenial Education Center
Authors: Hidayat Taufik 
Published: October 2019

The development of an educational institution is influenced by two factors, they are internal and external factors. The internal factor becomes the mainly attention as the first step to develop the institution to be more accountable institution and an idol in the public. one of the forgotten and neglected roles is its role as a public relation. One of the indicators of a successful public relation is the interest of the public to enter the institution. Otherwise, the unsuccessful public relation in the institution is that the public has the doubt, pessimism about the institution, which can decrease public interest and trust to the institution, and can cause the institution to come into bankrupcy. Developing the understanding about the vision and mission in an institution/school is an important part in public relation. It is necessary for the public to get some information easily and hoe the institution can raise public curiosity about the institution sp that they . they will follows the aim of the institution. Furthermore, in this milleneal era, in which the development of technology is widely spread, the information is easily accessible so that the public relation has a wider role to give the data or information efficiently and effectively. In addition, a public relation has to fulfill the function of the public relation and the management. They are the function as a research planning, coordinating, participation and advisory. The activity of the public relation is the researching facts or fact finding, planning, communication or evaluating. Finally, the public relation has to reflect to become a mutual way of relationship, and it can also build a good relation between two profitable sides and giving feedback to the institution or the public.
The Imaginary Worlds of Cure Proportion Modeling: Survivorship and Reference Case Pricing of Transformative Therapies
Authors: Langley Paul 
Published: October 2019

On August 6, 2019 the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) released a set of proposed adaptations to its value assessment framework methods where the intervention under review was considered a ‘single or short-term transformative therapy’ (SST). These adaptations are intended to ‘complement and build upon the upcoming update to the overall ICER assessment framework…’. The purpose of this commentary is to review the proposed cure proportion modeling reference case framework for assessing the value of SSTs together with ICER’s ‘recommendations for fair value-based pricing …’. Following previous commentaries on the ICER value assessment framework, the question raised is whether the proposed cure proportion modeling standards meet those of normal science: is the modeling proposed capable of generating value claims for the intervention that are credible, evaluable and replicable? The proposed standards for transformative therapies do not change the underlying commitment to reference case modeling. At the same time, the cure proportion modeling proposed adaptations have to be seen in the context of the concerns expressed by ICER that their reference case model can be used to justify substantial one-off SST pricing. This follows from the ICER incremental cost per QALY willingness to pay thresholds where the SST QALY gains are sufficient, at even a $50,000 QALY cut-off, to support SST pricing in the millions of dollars. ICER has two options: (i) abandon the imaginary reference case methodology, which is the ICER core business model and would represent an ironic reversal, or (ii) attempt to bolt-on adaptations, possibly incorporating revised survivorship profiles using cure proportion modeling, that supports a modified imaginary reference case ‘rescue’ model for SSTs designed specifically to generate pricing recommendations that may be considered affordable.

Article Type: Commentary
Régimen de hipercualificación del delito de asesinato en el derecho español contemporáneo
Authors: Fernández García Gabriel 
Published: October 2019

La regulación de los delitos contra la vida humana independiente en España sufrió importantes modificaciones a través de las Leyes Orgánicas 1/2015 y 2/2015. La más destacable fue la contemplación de unas modalidades de asesinato hipercualificado cuya comisión conllevaba la aplicación imperativa de una de las penas más sonadas de la reforma: la prisión permanente revisable. Un mero repaso por la cronología de los asesinatos más relevantes de los años precedentes a la Reforma atestigua cómo el grupo parlamentario popular aprovechó la ocasional alarma social para convertir la reforma de estos preceptos y la consiguiente pena en una auténtica consigna electoral. Precisamente el apresuramiento y oportunismo que acompañó a estas leyes deparó una defectuosa regulación del homicidio y asesinato y sus correspondientes cualificaciones, contaminada por una moralización de los injustos que se entendía históricamente superada, inquietantemente alejada la inexcusable vinculación de la intervención penal a los bienes jurídicos identificables, plagada de vaguedades terminológicas, carente de compleción sistemática y proclive a numerosos problemas concursales. Además, las soluciones que se han esgrimido frente a este galimatías legislativo no siempre han sido pacíficamente compartidas por la doctrina y operadores jurídicos. Por todo ello, cabe concluir que sólo cabe una vuelta a una regulación sobria y sistemática de estos tipos penales, que prescinda de prejuicios sin base empírica y ajuste la técnica legislativa con el exigible respecto a los principios político-criminales y garantías penales que enraízan en la Constitución de nuestro Estado social y democrático de Derecho.
Safety of the transventricular approach to deep brain stimulation: A retrospective review
Authors: Ray Kevin , Krel Mark , Bernstein Jacob , Kashyap Samir , Ananda Ajay 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Anatomically, deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets such as the ventral intermediate and subthalamic nucleus are positioned such that the long axis of the nucleus is often most accessible through a transventricular trajectory. We hypothesize that using this trajectory does not place patients at increased risk of neurologic complications.

Methods:
A series of 206 patients at a single institution between 2000 and 2017 were reviewed. All patients had a confirmed transventricular trajectory and their clinical course was reviewed to assess neurologic complication rates in the postoperative period.

Results:
The average length of hospital stay was 2.4 days. The most common neurologic complication was altered mental status in 1.2% of cases (four patients). This was followed by seizure in 0.6% of cases (two patients). No patients had ischemic stroke or postoperative hemiparesis. There were two mortalities in this series, one with lobar hemorrhage contralateral from the surgical site and one with a thalamic hemorrhage. There was only one confirmed intraventricular hemorrhage postoperatively; however, this was clinically asymptomatic.

Conclusion:
Although the total incidence of intraventricular or intracerebral hemorrhage cannot be reliably assessed from this data set, the low incidence of neurologic complications challenges the notion that DBS electrode trajectories that transgress the ventricle significantly increase the risk of complications.
Shareholder Engagement and Firm Value Creating Outcomes in Kenya
Authors: Kimunya Amos Muhinga , Njuguna Amos , Wambalamba Francis 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine the firm value creating outcomes arising from institutional shareholder engagement in Kenya.
Methodology: The study used data from a sample of 117 institutional investors in the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya, selected using stratified simple random sampling technique.
Findings: The study established that the shareholder engagement outcome that significantly explains firm value creation is improvement of a firm’s system of governance, which includes boards of directors that have independent, equitable and minority representation.
Implications: The study contributes to literature on shareholder engagement from a Kenyan perspective and adds an impetus to investors, management and policymakers to address issues that are impeding shareholder engagement given its effect on governance and value of the firm. The study recommends that firms invest in improvement in governance structures, and policymakers are advised to maintain an updated register of all the institutional investors, including their current contacts, and a Kenya-specific central depository of data on engagement actions and outcomes across listed companies.