bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving Trends in Textured Implant Use for Cosmetic Augmentation in the United States
Authors: Tandon Vickram J. , DeLong Michael R. , Ballard Tiffany N. , Clemens Mark W. , Brandt Keith E. , Kenkel Jeffrey M. , Cederna Paul S. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Breast implants have evolved for decades. In 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration identified an association between textured breast implants and breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). The purpose of this study was to identify the trends of textured implant use since that time.

Methods:
Maintenance of Certification tracer data were queried between 2011 and 2015 for cosmetic breast augmentation cases submitted by American Board of Plastic Surgery diplomates. A nested random effects logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between variables.

Results:
Eleven thousand seven hundred sixteen breast augmentations were performed by 880 unique surgeons. The overall proportion of cases using textured implants increased steadily from 2.3 percent in 2011 to 13.0 percent in 2015 (p < 0.001). The proportion of surgeons whose cases included both textured and smooth implants increased (from 6.2 percent to 24.3 percent), as did those using only textured implants (from 0.4 percent to 4.4 percent) (p < 0.001). Significance remained after controlling for form-stable implants, suggesting an alternative motivation for use of textured implants. Subglandular cases (20.5 percent) were more likely to use a textured implant than submuscular (8.4 percent) or dual-plane (7.8 percent) (p < 0.001) cases.

Conclusions:
Maintenance of Certification tracer data represent a random sampling of American Board of Plastic Surgery–certified plastic surgeons spanning the gamut of practice settings. Despite ongoing education regarding the association of BIA-ALCL with textured implants, American Board of Plastic Surgery diplomates have trended toward increased use of textured implants for cosmetic breast augmentation since 2011. This finding does not appear to be driven by the introduction of anatomical implants during the study period.
Medical Tourism and Postoperative Infections: A Systematic Literature Review of Causative Organisms and Empiric Treatment
Authors: Padilla Pablo , Ly Priscilla , Dillard Rachel , Boukovalas Stefanos , Zapata-Sirvent Ramon , Phillips Linda G. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Medical tourism has become increasingly globalized as individuals travel abroad to receive medical care. Cosmetic patients in particular are more likely to seek surgery abroad to defray costs. Unfortunately, not all procedures performed abroad adhere to strict hygienic regulations, and bacterial flora vary. As a result, it is not uncommon for consumers to return home with difficult-to-treat postoperative infections.

Methods:
A systematic literature review of PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases was performed to assess the microbiology patterns and medical management of patients with postoperative infections after undergoing elective surgery abroad.

Results:
Forty-two cases of postoperative infections were reported among patients who underwent elective surgery abroad. Most cases were reported from the Dominican Republic, and the most common elective procedures were abdominoplasty, mastopexy, and liposuction. Rapidly growing mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium chelonae were among the most common causes of postoperative infection, with M. abscessus involving 74 percent of cases. Most cases were treated with surgical débridement and a combination of antibiotics. Clarithromycin, amikacin, and moxifloxacin were the most common drugs used for long-term treatment.

Conclusions:
When encountering a patient with a history of medical tourism and treatment-refractory infection, rapidly growing mycobacteria must be considered. To increase the likelihood of yielding a diagnostic organism, multiple acid-fast bacilli cultures from fluid and débridement content should be performed. There has been reported success in treating rapidly growing mycobacterial infections with a combination of antibiotics including clarithromycin, amikacin, and moxifloxacin.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Urachus Metastases in Recurrent Prostate Cancer With Very Low PSA Level
Authors: Le Thiec Maëlle , Rusu Daniela , Fleury Vincent , Kraeber-Bodéré Francoise , Rousseau Caroline 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis in prostate cancer is extremely rare and has been described in only few cases with high PSA level, androgen deprivation, or in symptomatic patients. To date, 2 cases of 68Ga-PSMA PET positive peritoneal metastases have been reported. We report a case of urachus metastases showed on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT performed for biochemical recurrence with a very low PSA level at 0.50 ng/mL.
Pharmacological Inhibition of PTEN Restores Remote Ischemic Postconditioning Cardioprotection in Hypercholesterolemic Mice: Potential Role of PTEN/AKT/GSK3β SIGNALS
Authors: Hong Jun , Ge Hong-Wei , Liu Jing-Quan , Sun Ren-Hua , Kong Fei-Juan 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Although remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPC) was shown to confer cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in normal animals, whether RIPC-induced cardioprotection is altered in the presence of hypercholesterolemia, a comorbidity with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients has yet to be determined. Normal or 2% cholesterol chow was fed to male C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia, then normal or hypercholesterolemic murine hearts were exposed to AMI by coronary artery ligation. RIPC was induced by four episodes of 5 min femoral artery occlusion followed by 5 min reperfusion immediately after myocardial reperfusion in mice. Following I/R, RIPC significantly attenuated postischemic infarct size, hindered cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improved cardiac systolic function, decreased phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) expression, and further increased Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation in non-hypercholesterolemic, but not in hypercholesterolemic mice. Application of the PTEN inhibitor bisperoxovanadium (BpV) (1.0 mg/kg) reduced postischemic infarct size, attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improved cardiac dysfunction in normal, but not in hypercholesterolemic mice. Further, increased dose of BpV (2 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) failed to rescue the detrimental effects of hypercholesterolemia on I/R in mice following I/R. Especially important, we demonstrated that the combination BpV and RIPC exerted marked cardioprotective effects both in normal and hypercholesterolemic mice with I/R, indicating that PTEN inhibition restores RIPC-elicited myocardial protection in the presence of hypercholesterolemia. Our results demonstrated that hypercholesterolemia attenuated RIPC-induced cardioprotection against I/R injury by alteration of PTEN/Akt/GSK3β signals, and inhibition of PTEN rescued RIPC-induced cardioprotection in the presence of hypercholesterolemia.
Modulation of Peroxynitrite Reduces Norepinephrine Requirements in Ovine MRSA Septic Shock
Authors: Fukuda Satoshi , Ihara Koji , Andersen Clark R. , Randolph Anita C. , Nelson Christina L. , Zeng Yaping , Kim Jisoo , DeWitt Douglas S. , Rojas Jose D. , Koutrouvelis Aristides , Herndon David N. , Prough Donald S. , Enkhbaatar Perenlei 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Vascular hypo-responsiveness to vasopressors during septic shock is a challenging problem. This study is to test the hypothesis that reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as peroxynitrite, are major contributing factors to vascular hypo-responsiveness in septic shock. We hypothesized that adjunct therapy with peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst (PDC) would reduce norepinephrine requirements in sepsis resuscitation. Fourteen female Merino sheep were subjected to a “two-hit” injury (smoke inhalation and endobronchial instillation of live methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [1.6–2.5 × 1011 CFUs]). The animals were randomly allocated to control: injured, fluid resuscitated, and titrated norepinephrine, n = 7; or PDC: injured, fluid resuscitated, titrated norepinephrine, and treated with PDC, n = 7. One-hour postinjury, an intravenous injection of PDC (0.1 mg/kg) was followed by a continuous infusion (0.04 mg/kg/h). Titration of norepinephrine started at 0.05 mcg/kg/min based on their mean arterial pressure. All animals were mechanically ventilated and monitored in the conscious state for 24 h. The mean arterial pressure was well maintained in the PDC with significantly less norepinephrine requirement from 7 to 23 h after injury compared with control. Total norepinephrine dose, the highest norepinephrine rate, and time on norepinephrine support were also significantly lower in PDC. Modified sheep organ failure assessment scores at 6 to 18 h postinjury were significantly lower in PDC compared with control. PDC improved survival rate at 24 h (71.4% vs. 28.6%). PDC treatment had no adverse effects. In conclusion, the modulation of RNS may be considered an effective adjunct therapy for septic shock, in the case of hypo-responsiveness to norepinephrine.
Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Influences Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Obert David Peter , Wolpert Alexander Karl , Korff Sebastian 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) results in ER stress, an accumulation of proteins in the ER lumen. ER stress is a major contributor to inflammatory diseases and is part of the pathomechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Since severe traumatic injury is often accompanied by remote organ damage and immune cell dysfunction, we investigated the influence of ER stress modulation on the systemic inflammatory response and liver damage after hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion (HS/R).

Material and Methods:
Male C56BL/6-mice were subjected to hemorrhagic shock with a mean arterial pressure of 30 ± 5 mm Hg. After 90 min mice were resuscitated with Ringer solution. Either the ER stress inductor tunicamycin (TM), its drug vehicle (DV), or the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) were added to reperfusion solution. Animals were sacrificed 14 h after shock induction and plasma concentrations of liver transaminases as well as inflammatory cytokines were measured. In addition, liver tissue sections were embedded in paraffin. For the quantification of hepatocellular damage hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections were analyzed. Furthermore, the topographic patterns of ER stress marker proteins were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.

Results:
ER stress modulation influenced the topographic pattern of ER stress marker proteins. The alterations were particularly seen in the transition zone between vital liver parenchyma and cell death areas. Furthermore, the application of tunicamycin during reperfusion inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the hepatocellular damage significantly. However, the injection of TUDCA resulted in a significantly reduced liver damage, as seen by lower transaminases and smaller cell death areas.

Conclusion:
ER stress modulation influences post-hemorrhagic IRI. Moreover, the ER stress inhibitor TUDCA diminished the hepatocellular damage following HS/R significantly. This may help to provide a therapeutic target to ameliorate the clinical outcome after trauma-hemorrhage.
Population Level Analysis of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Udelsman Brooks V. , Chang David C. , Parina Ralitza , Talamini Mark A. , Lillemoe Keith D. , Witkowski Elan R. 
Published: November 2018

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of open versus laparoscopic surgery on the development of adhesive small bowel obstruction (aSBO).

Summary Background Data:
aSBO is a significant contributor to short and long-term postoperative morbidity. Laparoscopy has demonstrated a protective effect in colorectal surgery, but these effects have not been generalized to other abdominal procedures.

Methods:
Population level California state data (1995–2010) was analyzed. We identified patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), cholecystectomy, partial colectomy, appendectomy, and hysterectomy. The primary outcome was aSBO. Clinical, patient, and hospital characteristics were assessed using Kaplan–Meir methodology and Cox regression analysis adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and operative approach.

Results:
We included 1,612,629 patients with a median follow-up of 6.3 years. The 5-year incidence rate of aSBO was higher after open surgery compared with laparoscopic surgery for each procedure (RYGB 2.1% vs. 1.5%, P < 0.001; cholecystectomy 2.2% vs. 0.65%, P < 0.001; partial colectomy 5.5% vs. 2.8%, P < 0.001; appendectomy 0.58% vs. 0.35%, P < 0.001; and hysterectomy 0.89% vs. 0.54%, P < 0.001). The period of greatest risk for aSBO formation was within the first 2-years. In multivariate analysis, an open approach was associated with an increased risk of aSBO for each procedure [RYGB hazard ratio (HR) 1.24, P < 0.001; cholecystectomy HR 1.89, P < 0.001; partial colectomy HR 1.49, P < 0.001; appendectomy HR 1.45, P < 0.001; and hysterectomy HR 1.16, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Laparoscopy is associated with a significant and sustained reduction in the rate of aSBO. The period of greatest risk for aSBO is within the first 2 years after surgery.
Management of adhesive small bowel obstruction: A distinct paradigm shift in the United States
Authors: Matsushima Kazuhide , Sabour Andrew , Park Caroline , Strumwasser Aaron , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND
Recent studies show that early operative intervention in patients who fail nonoperative management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is associated with improved outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the trend in practice pattern and outcomes of patients with ASBO in the United States.

METHODS
Data from the National Inpatient Sample data (2003–2013) were extracted for analysis and included patients (age ≥18 years) who were discharged with primary diagnosis codes consistent with ASBO. We analyzed the data to examine changes in mortality and hospital length of stay in addition to any trends in rate and timing of operative interventions.

RESULTS
During the study period, 1,930,289 patients were identified with the diagnosis of ASBO. Over the course of the study period, the rate of operative intervention declined (46.10–42.07%, p = 0.003), and the timing between admission and operative intervention was significantly shortened (3.09–2.49 days, p < 0.001). In addition, in-hospital mortality rate decreased significantly (5.29–3.77%, p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the relative risk of mortality decreased by 5.6% per year (odds ratio, 0.944; 95% confidence interval, 0.937–0.951; p < 0.001). Hospital length of stay decreased from 10.39 to 9.06 days (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Over the last decade, fewer patients with ASBO were managed operatively, whereas those requiring an operation underwent one earlier in their hospitalization. Although further studies are warranted, our results suggest that recent changes in practice pattern may have contributed to improved outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, level IV.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Due to Primary HHV-8 Infection in a Liver Transplant Recipient
Authors: Cohen Gabriel M. , Langer Arielle L. , Sima Hamid , Chang Charissa , Troy Kevin , Taimur Sarah 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) remains best known as an oncogenic virus, but nonneoplastic disease manifestations, such as bone marrow failure or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) have gained greater recognition in recent years. In organ transplantation, HHV-8 infection commonly occurs with reactivation of latent virus among recipients from endemic regions of the world or due to transmission from the organ donor. We describe a case of HHV-8–associated HLH in a liver transplant recipient at increased risk for primary infection. Our case highlights the risk of non–donor-derived, posttransplant primary HHV-8 infection, and demonstrates that HLH can be a life-threatening complication of this infection.
Bupropion-Related Exacerbation of Tic Disorder in an Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Lurie Ido , Ganor Ori , Mayer Gad 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Bupropion is antidepressant and a smoking cessation aid medication related to dopaminergic activity. We report for the first time a case of an older adult with a known tic disorder, which was in remission but exacerbated during treatment with bupropion. It has been reported that other dopaminergic compounds such as methylphenidate can exacerbate tic disorder. Clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse effect when prescribing bupropion to adults with tic and other motor disorders.
Widespread changes in firing rate and functional connectivity across the fronto-parietal network during rule guided working memory
Authors: Salazar RF 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTFlexible rule-based behavior is an integral component of our daily lives. Rule dependent changes in the activity and functional connectivity of neurons in the frontoparietal network may underlie this flexibility. To test this idea, we simultaneously recorded neural activity from multiple areas in prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices of macaque monkeys while they performed a delayed match-to-sample task involving a non-instructed switch between location and identity matching rules. Our analysis revealed rule-dependent differences in firing rates during all phases of the task and marked task-dependent increases in spike count correlations with only weak differences between rules. These effects were widespread with a high incidence occurring within and between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the lateral intraparietal area and area PG. We conclude that rule based visual working memory is associated with widespread modifications in excitability and functional connectivity across the frontoparietal network.
Collection of Sixteen High-Quality Human Head CAD Models Generated with SimNIBS 2.1 Using Connectome Subject Data within MATLAB® Platform
Authors: Htet Aung Thu , Noetscher Gregory M. , Burnham Edward H. , Nummenmaa Aapo , Makarov Sergey N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe goal of this study is to introduce a collection of sixteen high-resolution, 2-manifold CAD compatible head models within the MATLAB platform available to all interested parties for electromagnetic and acoustic simulations. Each model contains skin, skull, CSF, GM, cerebellum, WM, and ventricles head compartments and possesses an “onion” topology: the grey matter shell is a container for white matter, ventricles, and cerebellum objects, the CSF shell contains the grey matter shell, the skull shell contains the CSF shell, and finally the skin or scalp shell contains the skull shell. The models are fully compatible with ANSYS ED FEM software, CST Studio Suite, Sim4Life/SEMCAD software, and other electromagnetic software packages.The collection is based on MRI data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) segmented using the SimNIBS 2.1/2.1.1 processing pipeline. The average number of triangular surface facets in a model is 866,000, the average triangle quality is 0.25, the average edge length is 1.48 mm, and the average surface mesh density or resolution is 0.57 points per mm2. If necessary, a finer model mesh can be created for every head using available MATLAB tools.
A Meta-Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Patel Hamel , Dobson Richard J.B , Newhouse Stephen J 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicroarray technologies have identified imbalances in the expression of specific genes and biological pathways in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. However, there is a lack of reproducibility across individual AD studies, and many related neurodegenerative and mental health disorders exhibit similar perturbations. We are yet to identify robust transcriptomic changes specific to AD brains.Methods and ResultsTwenty-two AD, eight Schizophrenia, five Bipolar Disorder, four Huntington's disease, two Major Depressive Disorder and one Parkinson’s disease dataset totalling 2667 samples and mapping to four different brain regions (Temporal lobe, Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe and Cerebellum) were analysed. Differential expression analysis was performed independently in each dataset, followed by meta-analysis using a combining p-value method known as Adaptively Weighted with One-sided Correction. This identified 323, 435, 1023 and 828 differentially expressed genes specific to the AD temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum brain regions respectively. Seven of these genes were consistently perturbed across all AD brain regions with SPCS1 gene expression pattern replicating in RNA-seq data. A further nineteen genes were perturbed specifically in AD brain regions affected by both plaques and tangles, suggesting possible involvement in AD neuropathology. Biological pathways involved in the “metabolism of proteins” and viral components were significantly enriched across AD brains.ConclusionThis study solely relied on publicly available microarray data, which too often lacks appropriate phenotypic information for robust data analysis and needs to be addressed by future studies. Nevertheless, with the information available, we were able to identify specific transcriptomic changes in AD brains which could make a significant contribution towards the understanding of AD disease mechanisms and may also provide new therapeutic targets.
A Biomechanical Model of Tumor-induced Intracranial Pressure and Edema in Brain Tissue
Authors: Sorribes I. C. , Moore M. N. J. , Byrne H. M. , Jain H. V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBrain tumor growth and tumor-induced edema result in increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which, in turn, is responsible for conditions as benign as headaches and vomiting, or as severe as seizures, neurological damage, or even death. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that tracking ICP dynamics may offer improved prognostic potential in terms of early detection of brain cancer and better delimitation of the tumor boundary. However, translating such theory into clinical practice remains a challenge, in part, due to an incomplete understanding of how ICP correlates with tumor grade. Here, we propose a multiphase mixture model that describes the biomechanical response of healthy brain tissue – in terms of changes in ICP and edema – to a growing tumor. The model captures ICP dynamics within the diseased brain and accounts for the ability/inability of healthy tissue to compensate for this pressure. We propose parameter regimes that distinguish brain tumors by grade thereby providing critical insight into how ICP dynamics vary by severity of disease. In particular, we offer an explanation for clinically observed phenomena such as lack of symptoms in low grade glioma patients versus a rapid onset of symptoms in those with malignant tumors. Our model also takes into account the effects tumor-derived proteases may have on ICP levels and extent of tumor invasion. This work represents an important first step towards understanding the mechanisms that underlie the onset of edema and ICP in cancer-afflicted brains. Continued modeling effort in this direction has the potential to make an impact in the field of brain cancer diagnostics.