bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiconformer transition state theory rate constants for the reaction between OH and ‐dimethoxyfluoropolyethers
Authors: Viegas Luís P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, we have calculated rate constants for the tropospheric reaction between the OH radical and ‐dimethoxyfluoropolyethers. The latter are a specific class of the hydrofluoropolyethers family with the general formula , from which we have selected three case studies: , , and . The calculations were performed by applying a cost‐effective protocol developed for bimolecular hydrogen‐abstraction reactions and based on multiconformer transition state theory relying on computationally accessible M08‐HX/apcseg‐2//M08‐HX/pcseg‐1 calculations. Within the protocol's uncertainties and approximations, the results show that (1) the calculated rate constants have the same order of magnitude and (2) if observed together with previous experimental and theoretical investigations, the chain length (that varies with q and p) is seen to have a small effect on the rate constant, which is consistent with the “no discernible effect” reported in the experimental work.
The Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale–2 (PDSS‐2): Validation of the Spanish Version and Its Relationship With a Roommate‐Based Version
Authors: Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Wetmore John B. , Rodríguez‐Blázquez Carmen , Arakaki Tomoko , Bernal Oscar , Campos‐Arillo Victor , Cerda Christopher , Estrada‐Bellmann Ingrid , Garretto Nélida , Ginsburg Letty , Máñez‐Miró Jorge Uriel , Martínez‐Castrillo Juan Carlos , Pedroso Ivonne , Serrano‐Dueñas Marcos , Singer Carlos , Rodríguez‐Violante Mayela , Vivancos Francisco 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundBecause of the prevalence and impact of sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD), valid instruments for their evaluation and monitoring are necessary. However, some nocturnal sleep disorders may go unnoticed by patients themselves.ObjectivesTo validate a pan‐Spanish version of the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale Version 2 (PDSS‐2) and to test the relationships between the PDSS‐2 and a PDSS‐2 roommate version.MethodsPD patients (n = 399) from seven Spanish‐speaking countries were included. In addition to the tested PDSS‐2 scales, valid measures for sleep disorders and both motor and nonmotor manifestations were applied. Acceptability, dimensionality, reliability, precision, and construct validity were explored, as well as discrepancies and agreement between the PDSS‐2 and the roommate version.ResultsPDSS‐2 showed negligible floor and ceiling effects. Four factors (57% of the variance) were identified. Reliability parameters were satisfactory: alpha = 0.84; item homogeneity coefficient = 0.27; corrected item total correlation = 0.28 to 0.61; and test‐retest reliability (average kappa = 0.70; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.83). The standard error of measurement was 5.84, and correlations with other scales assessing nocturnal sleep were high (rS = 0.62–0.56). In comparison to the patient‐based total score, the by proxy total score showed no significant difference, high correlation (rS = 0.70), and acceptable agreement (ICC = 0.69), but there were discrepancies in two or more points in 18% of item scores.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the PDSS‐2 has shown satisfactory clinimetric attributes. Acceptability and precision data are presented for the first time. The PDSS‐2 roommate version could be useful to complement the patient‐based evaluation, but additional studies are needed.
A new miniaturized ultra‐wideband planar equiangular spiral antenna
Authors: Hu Diwei , Zhai Huiqing , Liu Longhua , Shi Junhao , Nie Zhenghang , Li Sucheng , Shang Yuanfang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this research letter, a new type of miniaturized ultra‐wideband planer equiangular spiral antenna is designed. This present antenna can cover an operating bandwidth of 0.8‐6 GHz. In the new design, the original antenna is effectively miniaturized by introducing three special branches to extend the electrical length in the working band. This present method expands the bandwidth of the antenna, and finally realizes miniaturization, and ultra‐wideband of the antenna. Compared with the original antenna, the antenna can reduce the size about 37.5% at low frequencies. Finally, the new antenna has good performances, which are verified by simulation and measurement results.
The compensation of long‐term temperature induced error in the all fiber current transformer through optimizing initial phase delay in λ/4 wave plate
Authors: Hu Haoliang , Huang Junchang , Xia Li , Yan Zhenlin , Peng Shen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe long‐term temperature induced errors caused by fiber λ/4 wave plate and the Verdet constant of sensing fiber in the all fiber current transformer (FOCT) are theoretically analyzed. A temperature related response of fiber λ/4 wave plate is adopted to compensate for the change caused by temperature related Verdet constant through choosing appropriate initial phase retardation of the λ/4 wave plate. The experimental results show high temperature‐cycle accuracy in this kind of FOCT with relative error within 0.6%.
Study on Ge/GeSn double heterojunction vertical cavity surface emitting laser enabled by ultra‐injection technique
Authors: Lifeng Zhang , Bin Shu , Huiyong Hu , Liming Wang , Yvlong Gao , Zehua Wang , Litao Zhang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA Ge/GeSn/Ge double heterojunction p‐i‐n vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is designed in this paper. According to the principle of distributed Bragg reflection (DBR), 6 and 12 pairs of SiO2/Si layers as the DBR are prepared on the upper and lower sides of the p‐i‐n structure. The upper and lower DBRs, as the resonant cavity of the laser, replace the Fabry Perot (FP) cavity of the conventional laser. The effects of Sn component and the ultra‐injection technique on the performance of the device are introduced at the same time to realize the direct bandgap luminescence of GeSn in the case of lower Sn component. The level of ultra‐injection is adjusted by changing the thickness of the i‐layer. The relationship between the thickness of the i‐layer and the carrier distribution after energization, the illuminating power, and the threshold current density are analyzed, and the best photoelectric performance is obtained.
Broadband and high gain stacked microstrip antenna array
Authors: Wadkar Suman , Hogade Balaji , Chopra Rinkee , Kumar Girish 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, broadband and high gain antennas are designed for bandwidth from 1.7 to 2.5 GHz which covers GSM 1800, 3G, 4G, and Wi‐Fi applications. The antennas are designed using 1 bottom and 2 top patches (1B2T) stacked microstrip antenna configuration and its array. The antenna structures consist of copper metallic plate as the bottom patch and low‐cost FR4 substrate for the top patches in air suspended mode. The antennas are enclosed in a metallic cavity which supports top substrate and increases gain and front‐to‐back ratio. The bandwidth for |S11|  ≤ −10 dB and peak gain for this configuration are 41.5% and 11.9 dBi, respectively. A broadband 2 × 2 array of 1B2T configuration is designed using tapered feed network to provide impedance matching for broad bandwidth. The structures are designed, fabricated, and tested. A bandwidth of 44% and peak gain of 16.6 dBi has been achieved using 2 × 2 array. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The proposed antennas are good candidates for wireless communication systems.
A K‐band self‐biased sextupler with enhanced harmonic suppression using quasi‐lumped bandpass filters
Authors: Tian Yaoling , Chen Fengjun , Jiang Jun , Huang Kun , He Yue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA K‐band harmonic suppression enhanced sextupler with a chip dimension of 3 × 1 mm2 using the 0.13 μm GaAs MHEMT process is presented. The configuration of the sextupler consists of two transistors and two quasi‐lumped bandpass filters. From the measured results, the conversion loss of the sextupler is 3‐7 dB from the frequency range of 20.6‐26.3 GHz without any additional amplifier. The fourth harmonic, fifth harmonic, seventh harmonic, eighth harmonic, and ninth harmonic show rejection over 28‐60, 34‐43, 12‐41, 25‐65, and 20‐49 dBc, respectively.
A study comparing current and voltage combining techniques for CMOS power amplifiers for WLAN applications
Authors: Park Jonghoon , Lee Changhyun , Park Changkun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article presents CMOS power amplifiers for WLAN applications. These power amplifiers use current and voltage combining techniques for simultaneous improvement of the output power and efficiency, respectively, and are analyzed to determine which technique is more suitable for WLAN applications. The power amplifiers are fabricated with a 180 nm CMOS process. Their performance is verified using an 802.11 g modulated signal with 64 QAM, 20 MHz of bandwidth, and 54‐Mbps at 2.7 GHz. The measurements of the current and voltage combining power amplifiers show about 21.9 and 21.8 dBm of average output power, respectively, at −25 dB error vector magnitude (EVM), and about 20.2 and 18 dBm of average output power, respectively, at −30 dB EVM for a commercial specification. In addition, the current combining PA is operated in a multi‐mode manner, which saves the power stage current about 225 mA of the power stage current at low power mode. No pre‐distortion technique is required and all components are integrated on the chip.
Observation of type‐II kind of correlated photon generation from a classical circularly polarized slot antenna
Authors: Gudibandi Bharath Reddy , Damodaran Sriram Kumar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this communication, an important observation on the generation of the Type II kind of correlated photons at the macroscopic regime is presented. In the optical regime, the entangled photon generation is well established. But, in the microwave (macroscopic) regime there is no any radiator which can radiate two photons of entangled spin states is reported. Accidentally, it is observed that a fundamental circularly polarized slot antenna could radiate photons with correlated spin states in the opposite spatial directions. It is simulated and experimentally observed. The dimensions of the same design could be scaled up or down to use this principle to be implemented at the other frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum like millimeter waves, Tera Hertz waves, etc. also.
Methodological limitations in the measurement and statistical modeling of violence among adults with mental illness
Authors: Johnson Kiersten L. , Desmarais Sarah L. , Tueller Stephen J. , Van Dorn Richard A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesMethodological limitations of extant research hinder the development of effective violence risk screening, assessment, and management strategies for adults with mental illness. This study quantifies the effects of three common limitations: (a) insensitive measurement of violence that results in violence classification with high levels of information bias, (b) use of cross‐sectional data, and (c) use of data lacking spatiotemporal contiguity.MethodsWe utilize secondary data (N = 3,000 participants;N = 10,017 observations) and parametric and nonparametric bootstrap simulation methodologies.ResultsNot utilizing self‐reported violence data increases information bias. Furthermore, cross‐sectional data that exclude self‐reported violence produce biased associations between substance use and psychiatric symptoms and violence. Associations between baseline variables and subsequent violence attenuate over longer time lags and, when paired with high levels of violence information bias, result in fewer significant effects than should be present. Moreover, the true direction of the simulated relationship of some significant effects is reversed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the validity of conclusions from some extant research on violence among adults with mental illness should be questioned. Efforts are needed to improve both the measurement of violence, through inclusion of self‐report, and the statistical modeling of violence, using lagged rather than nonlagged models with improved spatiotemporal contiguity.
Optimal flip angle for robust practical quantitative NMR measurement using a fixed pulse length
Authors: Gao Jinhai , Tsao Jeffrey , Rajan Srinivasan , Wang Bing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNMR quantification has been traditionally performed by using internal standards. Although methods using external reference in NMR quantification have been developed, the major obstacles in using external referencing method are the measurement deviations associated with changing sample conditions and the requirement of pulse width calibration for every sample in order to compensate these errors. The calibration process is time consuming and in some cases impossible. We developed a quantitative NMR method fixed pulse length (FIXPUL) for all measurements without sample‐by‐sample calibration. The method is based on the use of an optimal flip angle calibrated for an external standard so that the quantitative errors associated with the pulse width variations are minimized. FIXPUL can be implemented on most basic NMR spectrometers and is robust and easily automated. The method is applicable to a wide range of solution NMR samples in chemistry, biology, and drug research and discovery.
The evolution and possible role of two Sox8 genes during sex differentiation in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Wang Yujue , Li Xiaojing , Ni Feifei , Sun Minmin , Zhang Quanqi , Yu Haiyang , Wang Xubo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSox8 genes, as members of the Sox family, have been studied widely in mammals. However, regulation of sox8 genes in teleosts has rarely been studied, and functional analysis of these genes in teleosts has rarely been performed. Here, two duplicates of sox8 genes were identified in Japanese flounder, Posox8a and Posox8b. The analysis of expression showed that Posox8a and Posox8b were expressed in Sertoli cells of the testis, indicating that they play important roles in development and functional maintenance of the testis. Positive selection and phylogenetic analysis found that both Posox8a and Posox8b underwent the purification selection during evolutionary and that sox8 was most likely to be the ancestor sox8a. These results suggested that both Posox8a and Posox8b had important biological functions after generation from three rounds of whole‐genome duplication in Japanese flounder. The functional differentiation of Posox8a and Posox8b was verified using cell transfection and dual‐luciferase reporter assays; Posox8a overexpression‐promoted 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression and Posox8b overexpression‐promoted cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp19a1; P450arom) expression. Finally, combined with Posox8a and Posox8b expression analysis from 30 to 100 days after hatch, we speculated that Posox8a and Posox8b might participate in the process of sex differentiation and gonadogenesis by regulating sex hormone biosynthesis in the Japanese flounder. Our study is the first to demonstrate the possible mechanism of Posox8a and Posox8b in Japanese flounder sex differentiation and gonadogenesis, laying a solid foundation for functional studies of sox8 genes in teleosts.
Simulating damage evolution and fracture propagation in sandstone containing a preexisting 3‐D surface flaw under uniaxial compression
Authors: Mondal Sanjib , Olsen‐Kettle Louise , Gross Lutz 
Published: February 2019

SummaryPreexisting flaws and rock heterogeneity have important ramifications on the process of rock fracturing and on rock stability in many applications. Therefore, there is great interest in numerical modelling of rock fracture and the underlying mechanisms. We simulated damage evolution and fracture propagation in sandstone specimens containing a preexisting 3‐D surface flaw under uniaxial compression. We applied the linear elastic damage model based on the unified strength theory following the rock failure process analysis code. However, in contrast to the rock failure process analysis code, we used the finite element method with tetrahedron elements on unstructured meshes. It provided higher geometrical flexibility and allowed for a more accurate representation of the disk‐shaped flaw with various flaw depths, angles, and lengths through locally adapted meshes. The rock heterogeneity was modelled by sampling the initial local Young's modulus from a Weibull distribution over a cubic grid. The values were then interpolated to the computational finite element method mesh. This method introduced an additional length scale for the rock heterogeneity represented by the cell size in the sampling grid. The generation of three typical surface cracking patterns, called wing cracks, anti‐wing cracks, and far‐field cracks, were identified in the simulation results. These depend on the geometry of the preexisting surface flaw. The simulated fracture propagation, coalescence types, and failure modes for the specimens with preexisting surface flaw show good agreement with recent experimental studies.
A multiethnic genetic approach for the minimum conflict weighted spanning tree problem
Authors: Carrabs Francesco , Cerrone Carmine , Pentangelo Rosa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses a variant of the minimum spanning tree problem in which, given a list of conflicting edges, the primary goal is to find a spanning tree with the minimum number of conflicting edge pairs and the secondary goal is to minimize the weight of spanning trees without conflicts. The problem is NP‐hard and it finds applications in the design of offshore wind farm networks. We propose a multiethnic genetic algorithm for the problem in which the fitness function is designed to simultaneously manage the two goals of the problem. Moreover, we introduce three local search procedures to improve the solutions inside the population during the computation. Computational results performed on benchmark instances reveal that our algorithm outperforms the other heuristic approach, proposed in the literature, for this problem.
Bounds on the effective response for gradient crystal inelasticity based on homogenization and virtual testing
Authors: Carlsson Kristoffer , Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper presents the application of variationally consistent selective homogenization applied to a polycrystal with a subscale model of gradient‐enhanced crystal inelasticity. Although the full gradient problem is solved on Statistical Volume Elements (SVEs), the resulting macroscale problem has the formal character of a standard local continuum. A semi‐dual format of gradient inelasticity is exploited, whereby the unknown global variables are the displacements and the energetic micro‐stresses on each slip‐system. The corresponding time‐discrete variational formulation of the SVE‐problem defines a saddle point of an associated incremental potential. Focus is placed on the computation of statistical bounds on the effective energy, based on virtual testing on SVEs and an argument of ergodicity. As it turns out, suitable combinations of Dirichlet and Neumann conditions pertinent to the standard equilibrium and the micro‐force balance, respectively, will have to be imposed. Whereas arguments leading to the upper bound are quite straightforward, those leading to the lower bound are significantly more involved; hence, a viable approximation of the lower bound is computed in this paper. Numerical evaluations of the effective strain energy confirm the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, heuristic arguments for the resulting macroscale stress‐strain relations are numerically confirmed.
Electrospun electroactive nanofibers of gelatin‐oligoaniline/Poly (vinyl alcohol) templates for architecting of cardiac tissue with on‐demand drug release
Authors: Shojaie Shahrokh , Rostamian Mostafa , Samadi Ali , Alvani Mohammad Amin Sabbagh , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Zarrintaj Roya , Servatan Morteza , Asefnejad Azadeh , Baheiraei Nafiseh , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2019

In this study, grafted gelatin with oligoaniline (GelOA) was synthesized and then mixed with Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Several scaffolds with different ratio of PVA/GelOA were electrospun to fabricate electroactive scaffolds. GelOA was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); moreover, nanofiber properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. Nanofibers diameter was decreased with aniline oligomer increment form 300 to 150 nm because of the hydrophobic nature of the aniline oligomer. Aniline oligomer electroactivity was studied using cyclic voltammetry, which exhibited two redox peaks at 0.4 and 0.6. Moreover, aniline oligomer enhancement resulted in melting point increasing from 220°C to 230°C because of the crystallinity increment. To assess the biocompatibility of nanofibers, cell viability and cell adhesion were tracked using mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). It was revealed that the presence of aniline oligomer leads to enhancing the conductivity, thermal properties and lowering the degradation rate and drug release. Among of different scaffolds, sample with high content of GelOA shows better behavior in physical and biological properties. Accumulative drug releases under applied electrical field at 40 minutes showed that the drug release for stimulated condition is about 33% more than the unapplied electrical field one.
2018 year in review: Part 2 of 4: Neonatal lung disease
Authors: Auten Richard L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, reviews and case reports related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. This review (Part 2 of a 4‐part series) summarizes the past year's publications in the topic area of neonatal lung diseases, in the context of selected literature from other journals relevant to the discipline.
Pharmacokinetic stability of macrocyclic peptide triazole HIV‐1 inactivators alone and in liposomes
Authors: Aneja Rachna , Grigoletto Antonella , Nangarlia Aakansha , Rashad Adel A. , Wrenn Steven , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Pasut Gianfranco , Chaiken Irwin 
Published: February 2019

Previously, we reported the discovery of macrocyclic peptide triazoles (cPTs) that bind to HIV‐1 Env gp120, inhibit virus cell infection with nanomolar potencies, and cause irreversible virion inactivation. Given the appealing virus‐killing activity of cPTs and resistance to protease cleavage observed in vitro, we here investigated in vivo pharmacokinetics of the cPT AAR029b. AAR029b was investigated both alone and encapsulated in a PEGylated liposome formulation that was designed to slowly release inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats showed that the half‐life of FITC‐AAR029b was substantial both alone and liposome‐encapsulated, 2.92 and 8.87 hours, respectively. Importantly, liposome‐encapsulated FITC‐AAR029b exhibited a 15‐fold reduced clearance rate from serum compared with the free FITC‐cPT. This work thus demonstrated both the in vivo stability of cPT alone and the extent of pharmacokinetic enhancement via liposome encapsulation. The results obtained open the way to further develop cPTs as long‐acting HIV‐1 inactivators against HIV‐1 infection.