bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spillover of Drosophila suzukii between noncrop and crop areas: implications for pest management
Authors: Tonina Lorenzo , Mori Nicola , Sancassani Manuel , Dall'Ara Patrizia , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Semi‐natural areas may promote Drosophila suzukii population dynamics by providing alternative host resources, overwintering habitats and refuge areas during cold, warm or dry periods, or when crops are sprayed with insecticides.
In the present study, we investigated the spillover of D. suzukii between noncrop and crop areas using sweet cherry as a model crop. We sampled the pest at different heights and at different distances from the forest, from the the winter dormancy stage to the post‐harvest period.
Drosophila suzukii activity‐density in the orchards declined strongly with increasing distance from the forest margin and with increasing height above the ground. The observed patterns varied over the crop phenological development stages, indicating that the pest used multiple habitats throughout the year. When the host plant was not suitable for reproduction, D. suzukii preferred to fly closer to the forest margin and at lower heights. When the host plant was suitable (i.e. ripe cherries), D. suzukii further colonized the orchards both horizontally and vertically, exploring the canopy volume more in depth.
The results of the present study will contribute to the development of more effective and practical approaches for protecting fruit crops from D. suzukii and improving chemical, physical or mechanical control measures.
Prepupal diapause synchronizes adult emergence in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)
Authors: Salman Md Habibur Rahman , Giomi Folco , Laparie Mathieu , Lehmann Philipp , Battisti Andrea 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInsects with short‐lived adults must synchronize their emergence to maximize fitness.
However, pre‐imaginal development time often varies among individuals as a result of exposure to varied abiotic and biotic factors; therefore, mechanisms adjusting pre‐imaginal development time are expected.
Larvae of the pine processionary moth feed throughout the winter and conclude their development with characteristic processions in spring, leaving the trees to pupate in soil.
The procession period can be as long as 2 months in some regions because of prior desynchronization of larval colonies, whereas the emergence period of the adults in summer remains short (less than 1 month).
Through weekly sampling of larvae leaving trees to pupate in soil and subsequent rearing under field and laboratory conditions, it was observed that early prepupae waited longer than late prepupae before moulting into pupa.
The differential duration of the prepupal stage was independent of temperature conditions and allowed resynchronization of colonies and overlapping emergences.
The prepupal phase therefore appears to be critical for understanding the regulation of adult emergence of this important pest insect.
Impact of ST‐segment resolution on clinical outcome in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular function
Authors: Bendary Ahmed , Tawfeek Wael , Mahros Mohamed , Salem Mohamed 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with successful reperfusion and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after ST‐segment myocardial infarction (STEMI)have always been thought to have low risk for adverse events. Great interest is focused on finding simple, noninvasive tools to refine risk stratification among them.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that degree of ST‐segment resolution (STR) after STEMI can identify high‐risk group among patients with LVEF ≥ 50% following STEMI.MethodsDuring the period from January to July 2017, patients with successful reperfusion of STEMI and LVEF ≥ 50% were prospectively included. Patients were divided into two groups based on the percent of ST segment resolution using single lead STR method; group I (complete STR ≥ 70%) and group II (partial STR 50%–70%). The endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, re‐hospitalization for heart failure and urgent revascularization at 30‐day.ResultsAfter exclusion, 110 patients were left for final analysis. No significant differences in all baseline characteristics were found between both groups. The primary endpoint occurred in seven patients (12.7%) of group I versus 17 patients (30.9%) of group II (Relative risk = 2.43, 95%CI = 1.1–5.4, p = 0.021) driven by a significant reduction in rates of re‐hospitalization due to heart failure. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed incomplete STR to be a significant independent predictor for 30‐dayMACEs (OR 3.25, 95% CI1.2–8.83, p = 0.02) even after adjustment for location of infarction.ConclusionComplete STR predicts 30‐day outcome in patients with preserved LVEF following successful reperfusion of STEMI.
Periocular molluscum contagiosum: six different clinical presentations
Authors: Rosner Mordechai , Zloto Ofira 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo describe the different clinical presentations of periocular molluscum contagiosum (MC) lesions and their epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features.MethodsMedical records and histopathological sections of all cases of periocular MC treated at the oculoplastic clinic of the Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, between 1995 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were extracted: gender, age at the time of MC diagnosis, immune competency, location of the periocular lesions, number of lesions, dimensions of the lesions, clinical presentation, histopathological features, suspected clinical diagnosis before histopathological diagnosis and treatment.ResultsThe series was composed of 41 patients (19 males, 22 females) whose mean age at presentation was 20.41  ±  21.10 years (range 1–71 years). Only one patient was immunosuppressed. The cases were classified into six proposed clinical presentations: ‘umbilicated nodular’, ‘big/giant’, ‘conglomerated’, ‘erythematous’, ‘inflamed’ and ‘pedunculated’.ConclusionThis is the first time that different clinical types of MC lesions are labelled. The current evidence also indicates that MC lesions should be suspected not only in children and in immunosuppressed adult patients but also in immunocompetent patients of all ages.
Multiple enface image averaging for enhanced optical coherence tomography angiography imaging
Authors: Uji Akihito , Balasubramanian Siva , Lei Jianqin , Baghdasaryan Elmira , Al‐Sheikh Mayss , Borrelli Enrico , Sadda SriniVas R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of multiple enface image averaging on image quality of the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsTwenty‐one normal volunteers were enrolled in this study. For each subject, one eye was imaged with 3 × 3 mm scan protocol, and another eye was imaged with the 6 × 6 mm scan protocol centred on the fovea using the ZEISS Angioplex™ spectral‐domain OCTA device. Eyes were repeatedly imaged to obtain nine OCTA cube scan sets, and nine superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were individually averaged after registration.ResultsEighteen eyes with a 3 × 3 mm scan field and 14 eyes with a 6 × 6 mm scan field were studied. Averaged images showed more continuous vessels and less background noise in both the SCP and the DCP as the number of frames used for averaging increased, with both 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm scan protocols. The intensity histogram of the vessels dramatically changed after averaging. Contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and subjectively assessed image quality scores also increased as the number of frames used for averaging increased in all image types. However, the additional benefit in quality diminished when averaging more than five frames. Averaging only three frames achieved significant improvement in CNR and the score assigned by certified grades.ConclusionUse of multiple image averaging in OCTA enface images was found to be both objectively and subjectively effective for enhancing image quality. These findings may of value for developing optimal OCTA imaging protocols for future studies.
Supraciliary versus intrascleral implantation with hema implant (Esnoper V‐2000) in deep sclerectomy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Belda Jose I. , Loscos‐Arenas Jordi , Mermoud Andre , Lozano Esther , D'Alessandro Elisa , Rebolleda Gema , Rodriguez‐Agirretxe Iñaki , Canut Maribel , Rodriguez‐Calvo Pedro P. ,   The ESNOPER V‐2000 Study Group
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare the supraciliary versus intrascleral implantation of the hema implant (Esnoper V‐2000) in terms of the efficacy and safety in nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS).Patients and methodsProspective, randomized, unmasked, competitive and multicenter clinical trial. Eighty‐three eyes from 83 patients suffering from open‐angle glaucoma (40 males, 43 females) were enrolled and followed up for 12 months. Main outcome measures were best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), perimetry (mean defect, MD and Visual Field Index, VFI), pachymetry, number of antiglaucoma medications and analysis of blebs according Moorfields Bleb Grading.ResultsThe IOP was significantly reduced in both groups from 23.74 ± 6.9 mmHg (implant sutured to the sclera, group 1) and 23.46 ± 6.47 mmHg (implant placed in the suprachoroidal space, group 2) to 15.43 ± 4.27 mmHg (p < 0.001) and 14.62 ± 3.64 mmHg (p < 0.001), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean IOP values between the groups a year after the surgery (p = 0.581). BCVA did not show statistical differences in comparison with baseline (p = 0.09, group 1; p = 0.42, group 2). The mean number of antiglaucoma medications was reduced in both groups from 2.58 ± 0.04 and 2.68 ± 0.02 before the surgery to 0.32 ± 0.76 and 0.24 ± 0.66 after surgery.ConclusionNonpenetrating deep sclerectomy using hema implant (Esnoper V‐2000) is safe and effective regardless of the positioning of the implant. We achieved IOP decrease and reduction in antiglaucoma medications during the first year after surgery without significant differences between both techniques.
The intraocular lens as a drug delivery device for an epidermal growth factor–Receptor inhibitor for prophylaxis of posterior capsule opacification
Authors: Wertheimer Christian , Kueres Alexander , Siedlecki Jakob , Braun Christian , Kassumeh Stefan , Wolf Armin , Mayer Wolfgang , Priglinger Claudia , Priglinger Siegfried , Eibl‐Lindner Kirsten 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposePosterior capsule opacification (PCO) occurs as a common complication after cataract surgery. Erlotinib is an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor–Receptor and reduces critical cellular events leading to PCO. In this in vitro study, Erlotinib‐modified intraocular lenses (IOLs) employed as a drug delivery device have been evaluated for PCO prevention.MethodsThe IC50 concentration of Erlotinib was determined by using FHL‐124 cells. For the human capsular bag model, 40 cadaver eyes underwent sham cataract surgery. Sixteen capsular bags were exposed to the IC50 of Erlotinib. Intraocular lens (IOL) of three different materials was pharmacologically modified and tested in the anterior segment model and implanted into 24 capsular bags. To test for corneal toxicity, pairs of human cornea were exposed to high concentrations of Erlotinib and corneal endothelial cells (CEC) were exposed to the modified IOL. Release kinetics of Erlotinib from the IOL was measured.ResultsIC50 of Erlotinib was determined to be 10 μm. Erlotinib alone (p = 0.002) and when soaked into IOLs (p < 0.001) significantly increased the number of days needed until total cell coverage of the capsular bags in comparison with the control. Modified IOLs mitigated cell growth in the anterior segment model (p < 0.001). No short‐term corneal toxicity was observed up to a concentration of 100 μm, and IOLs did not show toxicity on CEC. Erlotinib was released constantly from IOL.ConclusionErlotinib might be of clinical relevance in PCO prophylaxis, as its short‐term application induces a long‐term deceleration of cellular growth. Erlotinib can be introduced into the eye via soaked IOLs.
Comparison of standard and accelerated corneal cross‐linking for the treatment of keratoconus: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Shajari Mehdi , Kolb Carolin M. , Agha Bishr , Steinwender Gernot , Müller Michael , Herrmann Eva , Schmack Ingo , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare results between standard and accelerated corneal collagen cross‐linking (CXL) for the treatment of progressive keratoconus.MethodsWe performed literature searches in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ISRCTN registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EMBASE for studies comparing conventional Dresden (C‐CXL) and accelerated CXL (A‐CXL). Outcomes were clinical results and changes in corneal properties. Weighted mean differences were used to evaluate the effects.ResultsHere, 22 studies with 1158 eyes (C‐CXL: 577 eyes; A‐CXL: 581 eyes) were included. At the last follow‐up, C‐CXL was superior regarding minimum keratometry (p < 0.00001) and demarcation line depth (p < 0.00001), whereas A‐CXL should be favoured when considering minimum corneal thickness (p = 0.0005). No differences in uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (p = 0.09 and 0.98), spherical equivalent (p = 0.11), spherical and cylindrical error (p = 0.29 and 0.32), maximal and average keratometry (p = 0.05 and 0.65), central corneal thickness (p = 0.15), corneal biomechanical properties (p ≥ 0.21 respectively), time of reepithelialization (p = 0.76), subbasal nerve density (p = 0.69), endothelial cell density (p = 0.30) and morphology (p ≥ 0.40 respectively) were found among both groups.ConclusionConsideration of less corneal thinning favours A‐CXL, whereas the deeper demarcation line and greater changes in minimum keratometric values in C‐CXL may indicate a higher treatment efficacy. Altogether, C‐CXL, as well as A‐CXL, provides successful results in the strengthening of corneal tissue.
New‐onset epilepsy in the elderly
Authors: Vu Lily Chi , Piccenna Loretta , Kwan Patrick , O'Brien Terence J. 
Published: June 2018

People who are 60 years old and older have the highest incidence of developing new‐onset epilepsy. The increase of the ageing population has resulted in a greater number of patients with new‐onset epilepsy or at risk of developing the condition. Previously published review articles regarding epilepsy in older patients have had a broad focus, including people who were diagnosed with epilepsy in their childhood or middle age. The present review focuses on the causes, treatment, prognosis and psychosocial impact of new‐onset epilepsy in people aged ≥60 years. Following a search of the medical electronic databases and relevant references, we identified 22 studies overall that met the inclusion criteria. Only four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were identified that compared different antiepileptic drug treatments in this population, demonstrating that newer‐generation antiepileptic drugs (e.g. lamotrigine and levetiracetam) were generally better tolerated. One uncontrolled study provided promising evidence of good outcomes and safety for surgical resection as a treatment for people with uncontrolled seizures. Five studies reported that people ≥60 years with new‐onset epilepsy have significant cognitive impairments (e.g. memory loss) and psychological issues including depression, anxiety and fatigue. We found that there is limited evidence to guide treatment in people with Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. The specific features of new‐onset epilepsy in this target population significantly influences the choice of treatment. Cognitive and psychiatric screening before treatment may be useful for management. Two studies with proposed guidelines were identified but no formal clinical practice guidelines exist for this special population to assist with appropriate management. There is a need for more RCTs that investigate effective treatments with limited side effects. More research studies on the psychosocial effects of new‐onset epilepsy, and long‐term outcomes, for people aged ≥60 years are also required.
Multicenter retrospective analysis of systemic chemotherapy for unresectable combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Satoshi , Terashima Takeshi , Shiba Satoshi , Yoshida Yukio , Yamada Ikuhiro , Iwadou Shouta , Horiguchi Shigeru , Takahashi Hideaki , Suzuki Eiichiro , Moriguchi Michihisa , Tsuji Kunihiro , Otsuka Taiga , Asagi Akinori , Kojima Yasushi , Takada Ryoji , Morizane Chigusa , Mizuno Nobumasa , Ikeda Masafumi , Ueno Makoto , Furuse Junji 
Published: June 2018

We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis to evaluate the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy for unresectable combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. We enrolled 36 patients with pathologically proven, unresectable combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma treated with systemic chemotherapy. The log‐rank test determined the significance of each prognostic factor. Elevated alpha‐fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 levels were observed in 58.3%, 16.7% and 38.9% of patients, respectively. First‐line chemotherapy included platinum‐containing regimens consisting of gemcitabine/cisplatin (n = 12) and fluorouracil/cisplatin (n = 11), sorafenib (n = 5) and others (n = 8). The median overall and progression‐free survival times were 8.9 and 2.8 months, respectively, with an overall response rate of 5.6%. Prognostic factors associated with negative outcomes included poor performance status, no prior primary tumor resection, a Child‐Pugh class of B, and elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels with a hazard ratio of 2.25, 2.48, 3.25 and 2.84 by univariate analysis, respectively. The median overall survival times of the gemcitabine/cisplatin, fluorouracil/cisplatin, sorafenib and other groups were 11.9, 10.2, 3.5 and 8.1 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the overall survival of patients within the sorafenib monotherapy group was poor compared with platinum‐containing regimens (HR: 15.83 [95% CI: 2.25‐111.43], P = .006). All 7 patients in the sorafenib group had progressive disease, including 2 patients with second‐line therapy. In conclusion, the platinum‐containing regimens such as gemcitabine/cisplatin were associated with more favorable outcomes than sorafenib monotherapy for unresectable combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma.
Symptomatic androgen deficiency develops only when both total and free testosterone decline in obese men who may have incident biochemical secondary hypogonadism: Prospective results from the EMAS
Authors: Rastrelli Giulia , O'Neill Terence W. , Ahern Tomas , Bártfai György , Casanueva Felipe F. , Forti Gianni , Keevil Brian , Giwercman Aleksander , Han Thang S. , Slowikowska‐Hilczer Jolanta , Lean Michael E.J. , Pendleton Neil , Punab Margus , Antonio Leen , Tournoy Jos , Vanderschueren Dirk , Maggi Mario , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T. , Wu Frederick C.W. ,   the EMAS study group
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveLimited evidence supports the use of free testosterone (FT) for diagnosing hypogonadism when sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) is altered. Low total testosterone (TT) is commonly encountered in obesity where SHBG is typically decreased. We aimed to assess the contribution of FT in improving the diagnosis of symptomatic secondary hypogonadism (SH), identified initially by low total testosterone (TT), and then further differentiated by normal FT (LNSH) or low FT (LLSH).DesignProspective observational study with a median follow‐up of 4.3 years.PatientsThree thousand three hundred sixty‐nine community‐dwelling men aged 40‐79 years from eight European centres.MeasurementsSubjects were categorized according to baseline and follow‐up biochemical status into persistent eugonadal (referent group; n = 1880), incident LNSH (eugonadism to LNSH; n = 101) and incident LLSH (eugonadism to LLSH; n = 38). Predictors and clinical features associated with the transition from eugonadism to LNSH or LLSH were assessed.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of LNSH and LLSH over 4.3 years was 4.9% and 1.9%, respectively. Baseline obesity predicted both LNSH and LLSH, but the former occurred more frequently in younger men. LLSH, but not LNSH, was associated with new/worsened sexual symptoms, including low desire [OR = 2.67 (1.27‐5.60)], erectile dysfunction [OR = 4.53 (2.05‐10.01)] and infrequent morning erections [OR = 3.40 (1.48‐7.84)].ConclusionsThese longitudinal data demonstrate the importance of FT in the diagnosis of hypogonadism in obese men with low TT and SHBG. The concurrent fall in TT and FT identifies the minority (27.3%) of men with hypogonadal symptoms, which were not present in the majority developing low TT with normal FT.
From Faces to Outdoor Light Probes
Authors: Calian Dan A. , Lalonde Jean‐François , Gotardo Paulo , Simon Tomas , Matthews Iain , Mitchell Kenny 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImage‐based lighting has allowed the creation of photo‐realistic computer‐generated content. However, it requires the accurate capture of the illumination conditions, a task neither easy nor intuitive, especially to the average digital photography enthusiast. This paper presents an approach to directly estimate an HDR light probe from a single LDR photograph, shot outdoors with a consumer camera, without specialized calibration targets or equipment. Our insight is to use a person's face as an outdoor light probe. To estimate HDR light probes from LDR faces we use an inverse rendering approach which employs data‐driven priors to guide the estimation of realistic, HDR lighting. We build compact, realistic representations of outdoor lighting both parametrically and in a data‐driven way, by training a deep convolutional autoencoder on a large dataset of HDR sky environment maps. Our approach can recover high‐frequency, extremely high dynamic range lighting environments. For quantitative evaluation of lighting estimation accuracy and relighting accuracy, we also contribute a new database of face photographs with corresponding HDR light probes. We show that relighting objects with HDR light probes estimated by our method yields realistic results in a wide variety of settings.
Extended Narrow Band FLIP for Liquid Simulations
Authors: Sato T. , Wojtan C. , Thuerey N. , Igarashi T. , Ando R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Fluid Implicit Particle method (FLIP) reduces numerical dissipation by combining particles with grids. To improve performance, the subsequent narrow band FLIP method (NB‐FLIP) uses a FLIP‐based fluid simulation only near the liquid surface and a traditional grid‐based fluid simulation away from the surface. This spatially‐limited FLIP simulation significantly reduces the number of particles and alleviates a computational bottleneck. In this paper, we extend the NB‐FLIP idea even further, by allowing a simulation to transition between a FLIP‐like fluid simulation and a grid‐based simulation in arbitrary locations, not just near the surface. This approach leads to even more savings in memory and computation, because we can concentrate the particles only in areas where they are needed. More importantly, this new method allows us to seamlessly transition to smooth implicit surface geometry wherever the particle‐based simulation is unnecessary. Consequently, our method leads to a practical algorithm for avoiding the noisy surface artifacts associated with particle‐based liquid simulations, while simultaneously maintaining the benefits of a FLIP simulation in regions of dynamic motion.