bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of visual and optical quality of monofocal versus multifocal intraocular lenses
Authors: Altemir-Gomez Irene , Millan Maria S , Vega Fidel , Bartol-Puyal Francisco , Gimenez-Calvo Galadriel , Larrosa Jose M , Polo Vicente , Pablo Luis E , Garcia-Martin Elena 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To compare visual quality in patients implanted with Tecnis® monofocal (ZCB00) and multifocal (ZMB00) intraocular lenses taking into account their optical quality measured in vitro with an eye model. Methods: In total, 122 patients participated in this study: 44 implanted with monofocal and 78 with multifocal intraocular lenses. Measurements of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were performed. The optical quality of the intraocular lenses was evaluated in three image planes (distance, intermediate and near) using an eye model on a test bench. The metric considered was the area under the curve of the modulation transfer function. Results: Optical quality at the far focus of the monofocal intraocular lens (area under the curve of the modulation transfer function = 66.97) was considerably better than that with the multifocal lens (area under the curve of the modulation transfer function = 32.54). However, no significant differences were observed between groups at the distance-corrected visual acuity. Distance-corrected near vision was better in the multifocal (0.15 ± 0.20 logMAR) than that in the monofocal group (0.43 ± 0.21 logMAR, p < 0.001), which correlated with the better optical quality at near reached by the multifocal intraocular lens (area under the curve of the modulation transfer function = 29.11) in comparison with the monofocal intraocular lens (area under the curve of the modulation transfer function = 5.0). In intermediate vision, visual acuity was 0.28 ± 0.16 logMAR (multifocal) and 0.36 ± 0.14 logMAR (monofocal) with p = 0.014, also in good agreement with the values measured in the optical quality (area under the curve of the modulation transfer function = 10.69 (multifocal) and 8.86 (monofocal)). The contrast sensitivity was similar in almost all frequencies. Pelli–Robson was slightly better in the monofocal (1.73) than in the multifocal group (1.64; p = 0.023). Conclusion: Patients implanted with multifocal ZMB00 achieved a distance visual acuity similar to those implanted with monofocal ZCB00, but showed significantly better intermediate and near visual acuity. A correlation was found between intraocular lenses’ optical quality and patients’ visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity was very similar between the multifocal and monofocal groups.
A Validation Study of Administrative Health Care Data to Detect Acute Kidney Injury in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: D’Arienzo David , Hessey Erin , Ali Rami , Perreault Sylvie , Samuel Susan , Roy Louise , Lacroix Jacques , Jouvet Philippe , Morissette Genevieve , Dorais Marc , Lafrance Jean-Philippe , Phan Veronique , Pizzi Michael , Chanchlani Rahul , Zappitelli Michael 
Published: February 2019

Background: Large studies evaluating pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) epidemiology and outcomes are lacking, partially due to underuse of large administrative health care data. Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of administrative health care data-defined AKI in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Design: Retrospective cohort study utilizing chart and administrative data. Setting: Children admitted to the PICU at 2 centers in Montreal, QC. Patients: Patients between 0 and 18 years old with a provincial health insurance number, without end-stage renal disease and admitted to the PICU between January 1, 2003, and March 31, 2005, were included. Measurements: The AKI was defined from chart data using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition (Chart-AKI). The AKI defined using administrative health data (Admin-AKI) was based on International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision ( ICD-9) AKI codes. Methods: Data available from retrospective chart review, including baseline and PICU patient characteristics, and serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output (UO) values during PICU admission, were merged with provincial administrative health care data containing diagnostic and procedure codes used for ascertaining Admin-AKI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of Admin-AKI compared with Chart-AKI (reference standard) were calculated. Univariable associations between Admin-AKI and hospital mortality were evaluated. Results: A total of 2051 patients (55% male, mean age at admission 6.1 ± 5.8 years, 355 cardiac surgery, 1696 noncardiac surgery) were included. The AKI defined by SCr or UO criteria occurred in 52% of cardiac surgery patients and 24% of noncardiac surgery patients. Overall, Admin-AKI detected Chart-AKI with low sensitivity, but high specificity in cardiac and noncardiac surgery patients. Sensitivity increased by 1.5 to 2 fold with each increase in AKI severity stage. Admin-AKI was associated with hospital mortality (13% in Admin-AKI vs 2% in non-AKI, P < .001). Limitations: These data were generated in a PICU population; future research should study non-PICU populations. Conclusions: Use of administrative health care data to define AKI in children leads to AKI incidence underestimation. However, for detecting more severe AKI, sensitivity is higher, while maintaining high specificity.
Effect of Lower Limb Alignment in Medial Meniscus–Deficient Knees on Tibiofemoral Contact Pressure
Authors: Willinger Lukas , Foehr Peter , Achtnich Andrea , Forkel Philipp , Voss Andreas , Liska Franz , Lacheta Lucca , Imhoff Andreas B. , Burgkart Rainer 
Published: February 2019

Background: Degenerative medial meniscal tears and subsequent partial meniscal resection compromise meniscal function and lead to an overload of the medial compartment. In addition, lower limb alignment plays a key role in load distribution between the medial and lateral knee compartments, and varus alignment is a potential risk factor for medial osteoarthritis. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this biomechanical study was to investigate the effect of valgus and varus alignment on peak pressure and contact area in knees with concomitant horizontal medial meniscal tears and subsequent leaflet resection. It was hypothesized that varus alignment in combination with meniscal loss leads to the highest peak pressure within the medial compartment. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Six fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were axially loaded using a 1000-N compressive load in full extension with the mechanical axis rotated to intersect the tibial plateau at 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, and 60% of its width (TPW) to simulate varus and valgus alignment. Tibiofemoral peak contact pressure and contact area of the medial and lateral compartments were determined using pressure-sensitive foils in each of 4 different meniscal conditions: intact, 15-mm horizontal tear of the posterior horn, inferior leaflet resection, and resection of both leaflets. Results: The effect of alignment on peak pressure (normalized to the neutral axis) within the medial compartment in cases of an intact meniscus was measured as follows: varus shift resulted in a mean increase in peak pressure of 18.5% at 45% of the TPW and 37.4% at 40% of the TPW, whereas valgus shift led to a mean decrease in peak pressure of 8.7% at 55% of the TPW and 23.1% at 60% of the TPW. Peak pressure changes between the intact meniscus and resection within the medial compartment was less in valgus-aligned knees (0.21 MPa at 60% TPW, 0.59 MPa at 50% TPW, and 0.76 MPa at 40% TPW). Contact area was significantly reduced after partial meniscal resection in the neutral axis (intact, 553.5 ± 87.6 mm2; resection of both leaflets, 323.3 ± 84.2 mm2; P < .001). This finding was consistent in any alignment. Conclusion: Both partial medial meniscal resection and varus alignment led to an increase in medial compartment peak pressure. Valgus alignment prevented medial overloading by decreasing contact pressure even after partial meniscal resection. A horizontal meniscal tear did not influence peak pressure and contact area even in varus alignment. Clinical Relevance: As a clinical consequence, partial meniscal resection should be avoided to maintain the original biomechanical behavior, and the mechanical axis should be taken into account if partial meniscectomy is necessary.
The Middle and Distal Aspects of the Ulnar Footprint of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow Do Not Provide Significant Resistance to Valgus Stress: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Fu Michael , Meyers Kate , Camp Christopher L. , Altchek David W. , Coleman Struan H. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: February 2019

Background: The medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insertion of the elbow has been shown to extend distally beyond the sublime tubercle. The contribution to valgus stability of the distal aspect of the footprint is unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of each part of the UCL footprint to the elbow valgus stability provided by the UCL. It was hypothesized that the distal two-thirds of the ulnar UCL footprint would not contribute significantly to valgus stability provided by the UCL. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen cadaveric arms were dissected to the capsuloligamentous elbow structures and potted. A servohydraulic load frame was used to place 5 N·m of valgus stress on the intact elbow at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of flexion. The UCL insertional footprint was measured and divided into thirds (proximal, middle, and distal). One-third of the UCL footprint was elevated off the bone (leaving the ligament in continuity), and the elbow was retested at the same degrees of flexion. This was repeated until the entire UCL footprint on the ulna was sectioned. Each elbow was randomized for how the UCL would be sectioned (sectioning the proximal, then middle, and then distal third or sectioning the distal, then middle, and then proximal third). Ulnohumeral joint gapping (millimeters) was recorded with a 3-dimensional motion capture system using physical and virtual markers. Two-group comparisons were made between each sectioned status versus the intact condition for each flexion angle. Results: When the UCL was sectioned from distal to proximal, none of the ligaments failed prior to complete sectioning. When the UCL was sectioned from proximal to distal, 3 of the 6 ligaments failed after sectioning of the proximal third, while 2 more failed after the proximal and middle thirds were sectioned. Of the specimens with the distal third of the ligament sectioned first, no significant differences were found between intact, distal third cut, and distal plus middle thirds cut at all flexion angles. Conclusion: The middle and distal thirds of the insertional footprint of the UCL on the ulna did not significantly contribute to gap resistance at 5 N·m of valgus load. The proximal third of the footprint is the primary resistor of valgus load. Clinical Relevance: This cadaveric biomechanical study demonstrated that the middle and distal thirds of the native UCL insertion onto the ulna did not significantly contribute to valgus resistance at the elbow. When a UCL reconstruction is performed, the proximal third of the UCL insertion may be the most clinically important portion of the ligament to reconstruct.
Myelofibrosis osteoclasts are clonal and functionally impaired
Authors: Veletic Ivo , Manshouri Taghi , Multani Asha S. , Yin C. Cameron , Chen Lei , Verstovsek Srdan , Estrov Zeev 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) sclerosis is commonly found in patients with late-stage myelofibrosis (MF). Because osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts play a key role in bone remodeling, and MF monocytes, the OC precursors, are derived from the neoplastic clone, we wondered whether decreased OC numbers or impairment in their osteolytic function affects the development of osteosclerosis. Analysis of BM biopsies from 50 MF patients showed increased numbers of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)/cathepsin K+ OCs expressing phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Randomly microdissected TRAP+ OCs from 16 MF patients harbored JAK2 or calreticulin (CALR) mutations, confirming MF OCs are clonal. To study OC function, CD14+ monocytes from MF patients and healthy individuals were cultured and differentiated into OCs. Unlike normal OCs, MF OCs appeared small and round, with few protrusions, and carried the mutations and chromosomal abnormalities of neoplastic clones. In addition, MF OCs lacked F-actin–rich ring-like structures and had fewer nuclei and reduced colocalization signals, compatible with decreased fusion events, and their mineral resorption capacity was significantly reduced, indicating impaired osteolytic function. Taken together, our data suggest that, although the numbers of MF OCs are increased, their impaired osteolytic activity distorts bone remodeling and contributes to the induction of osteosclerosis.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: what do we know so far?
Authors: Coglan Laura , Otasowie John 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARYAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was a new diagnosis in DSM-5 and is due to be included in ICD-11. However, confidence in making the diagnosis seems to be low among clinicians. Furthermore, there is no national consensus on care pathways for ARFID and therefore patients tend to be managed across core child and adolescent mental health services, specialist eating disorder services and paediatric services. If not adequately treated, ARFID can result in stunted growth, nutritional deficiency and impaired psychosocial functioning. Research and guidelines for managing this disorder are scarce, owing to low rates of diagnosis. This article aims to improve clinician confidence in the use of ARFID as a diagnosis and explores current consensus on treatment approaches, in order to progress future service planning for this complex and diverse patient group.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Gain an improved knowledge of the diagnostic criteria for ARFID•Know how to distinguish ARFID from other eating disorders•Understand the current consensus on treatment approaches for ARFIDDECLARATIONS OF INTERESTNone.
Uncertainties in practice: terrorism and mental illness
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARYHo et al (2018) tackle a controversial and sensitive issue on which clinicians and the public have strong, often irreconcilable views, fuelled by their own experiences and political positions about the causes, consequences and necessary responses to political violence. This commentary explores some of the assumptions and uncertainties they present, as well as the framing of their position.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Interrogating the Constructions of Masculinist Protection and Militarism in the Syrian Constitution of 1973
Authors: Aldoughli Rahaf 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This is a revisionist study of Syrian Baʾathism. At its heart is an examination of ingrained masculinist bias. This article argues that there is a reciprocal relationship between militarism and masculinity, achieved through gratifying protection for both the nation and women. While most feminist scholarship dealing with states formation in the Arab context attributes its gendered nature to dictatorship, patriarchy, and religion, there is no debate about the development of states and their relation to militarism and masculinism. This construction of militarized masculinity in Baʾath ideology ensures the preservation of gendered laws that perceive women as less equal. While teasing out this aspect, this study seeks to explore the status of women in the Syrian Constitution (1973) and laws by investigating the role of the state as a male protector in which women’s rights become challenged by the state’s paternalistic perceptions.
Cell-autonomous and redundant roles of Hey1 and HeyL in muscle stem cells: HeyL requires Hes1 to bind diverse DNA sites
Authors: Noguchi Yu-taro , Nakamura Miki , Hino Nobumasa , Nogami Jumpei , Tsuji Sayaka , Sato Takahiko , Zhang Lidan , Tsujikawa Kazutake , Tanaka Toru , Izawa Kohei , Okada Yoshiaki , Doi Takefumi , Kokubo Hiroki , Harada Akihito , Uezumi Akiyoshi , Gessler Manfred , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Fukada So-ichiro 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
The undifferentiated state of muscle stem (satellite) cells (MuSCs) is maintained by the canonical Notch pathway. Although three bHLH transcriptional factors, Hey1, HeyL and Hes1, are considered to be potential effectors of the Notch pathway exerting anti-myogenic effects, neither HeyL nor Hes1 inhibits myogenic differentiation of myogenic cell lines. Furthermore, whether these factors work redundantly or cooperatively is unknown. Here, we showed cell-autonomous functions of Hey1 and HeyL in MuSCs using conditional and genetic null mice. Analysis of cultured MuSCs revealed anti-myogenic activity of both HeyL and Hes1. We found that HeyL forms heterodimeric complexes with Hes1 in living cells. Moreover, our ChIP-seq experiments demonstrated that, compared with HeyL alone, the HeyL-Hes1 heterodimer binds with high affinity to specific sites in the chromatin, including the binding sites of Hey1. Finally, analyses of myogenin promoter activity showed that HeyL and Hes1 act synergistically to suppress myogenic differentiation. Collectively, these results suggest that HeyL and Hey1 function redundantly in MuSCs, and that HeyL requires Hes1 for effective DNA binding and biological activity.
Atrophy, oxidative switching and ultrastructural defects in skeletal muscle of Ataxia Telangiectasia mouse model
Authors: Tassinari Valentina , De Gennaro Vincenzo , La Sala Gina , Marazziti Daniela , Bolasco Giulia , Aguanno Salvatore , De Angelis Luciana , Naro Fabio , Pellegrini Manuela 
Published: February 2019

Ataxia Telangiectasia is a rare, multi system disease caused by ATM kinase deficiency. Atm knockout mice recapitulate premature aging, immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, growth retardation and motor defects but not cerebellar neurodegeneration and ataxia. We explored if Atm loss is responsible of skeletal muscle defects by investigating myofiber morphology, oxidative/glycolytic activity, myocyte ultrastructural architecture and neuromuscular junctions.
Atm knockout mice showed reduced muscle and fiber size. Atrophy, protein synthesis impairment and switch from glycolytic to oxidative fibers were detected along with an increase of slow and fast myosin expression levels in tibialis anterior and solei muscles isolated from Atm knockout mice. Transmission electron microscopy of tibialis anterior revealed misalignments of z-lines and sarcomeres and mitochondria abnormalities, that were associated with increase of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, neuromuscular junctions appeared larger and more complex compared to Atm wild-type mice, but with preserved presynaptic terminals.
In conclusion, we report for the first time that Atm knockout mice have clear morphological skeletal muscle defects that will be relevant to investigate oxidative stress response, motor alteration and the interplay with peripheral nervous system in Ataxia Telangiectasia.
Tibiofemoral Joint Forces in Female Recreational Runners Vary with Step Frequency
Authors: THAKKAR BHUSHAN , WILLSON JOHN D. , HARRISON KATHRYN , TICKES ROBERT , BLAISE WILLIAMS D. S. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Elevated tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) contact forces have been linked to the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. The primary objective of this study was to determine the association between peak TFJ shear and compression forces during running at different self-selected step frequencies (SF) in female recreational runners.

Methods
Fifty-five healthy female recreational runners ran at 2.98 m·s−1 on an instrumented treadmill. Peak TFJ anterior shear force, peak axial TFJ compression force, and peak medial compartment TFJ compression force were estimated using a musculoskeletal model with inputs from 3D joint kinematics and inverse dynamics calculations. Three SF groups were generated using tertiles, and differences between the groups were compared using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results
Runners with an SF of ≥178 steps per minute demonstrated the lowest peak TFJ anterior shear force (P = 0.04), peak axial TFJ compression force (P = 0.01), and peak TFJ medial compartment compression forces (P = 0.01) compared with runners using lower SF.

Conclusion
Female recreational runners with low SF of ≤166 steps per minute experience greater TFJ contact forces. This study provides evidence of an association between SF and both shear and axial peak TFJ contact forces during running.
Clinical importance of lipid profile in neonatal calves with sepsis
Authors: Aydogdu Ugur , Coskun A. , Yildiz R. , Guzelbektes H. , Sen I. 
Published: February 2019

In this study, it was aimed to determine of diagnostic importance blood lipid levels in neonatal calves with sepsis. The study was carried out on a total of 70 calves, 60 with sepsis and 10 healthy calves. The calves with sepsis were included in the study, according to clinical and hematological findings. After routine clinical examinations of all the calves, blood samples were taken from the V. jugularis for hematological, lipid profile and biochemical analyzes. There were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in body temperature, increased in respiration rate and capillary refill time in the calves with sepsis, compared to control group calves. The levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine concentrations of calves with sepsis were significantly higher (P < 0.05), however, levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and albumin concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than control group. In addition, blood triglyceride and VLDL concentrations of calves with sepsis were higher than control group, however there was no statistical difference.In conclusion, serum total cholesterol, HDL and LDL in neonatal calves with sepsis could be used in evaluation of the sepsis.
Screening is not associated with reduced incidence of gonorrhoea or chlamydia in men who have sex with men (MSM); an ecological study of 23 European countries
Authors: Kenyon Chris 
Published: February 2019

Background:Increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance has motivated a reassessment of if intensive screening for gonorrhoea and chlamydia is associated with a reduction in the prevalence of these infections in men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:Spearman’s correlation was used to evaluate the country-level correlation between the intensity of self-reported sexual transmitted infection (STI) screening in MSM (both anal and urethral screening, taken from a large internet survey of MSM) and the incidence (taken from ECDC surveillance figures) and prevalence (taken from a literature review of studies estimating prevalence in MSM attending STI clinics) of gonorrhoea and chlamydia.Results:The intensity of both anal and genital screening was found to be positively associated with country level gonorrhoea incidence rates (rho 0.74; p=0.0004; rho=0.73; p=0.0004, respectively) and Ct incidence rates (rho 0.71; p=0.001; rho=0.78; p=0.0001, respectively). No associations were found between anal or genital screening intensity and Ng prevalence in clinic populations (Table 2).Conclusions:We found no evidence of a negative association between screening intensity and the prevalence of gonorrhoea or chlamydia in MSM. Randomized controlled trials are urgently required to evaluate if the high antimicrobial exposure resulting from intensive screening programmes is justified.