bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of combined vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor genetic polymorphisms among Egyptian patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Abulata Nelly N. , Shaheen Iman A. , Osman Omneya M. , Hussein Ahmed M. , El‐Khayat Waleed M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimAs angiogenesis is an essential step for chorionic villi formation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for endothelial cell proliferation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a powerful playmaker in hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis. Thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) regulates both fibrinolysis and inflammation. Genetic alterations of these factors may lead to recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). We aimed to investigate the combined genetic variants of VEGF G‐1154A and two eNOS genetic variants: T‐786C promoter region and intron 4 variable number of tandom repeats in addition to TAFI C‐1040T among RSA patients.MethodsThe study included 50 patients with RSA and 50 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were used for genotyping.ResultsBoth genetic alterations of eNOS confirmed at least a sixfold increase of RSA risk. Interestingly, they were associated with TAFI C‐1040Tgenetic variant in 21 patients, eight of them had both studied eNOS genetic alterations and TAFI C‐1040Tgenetic variant, while each eNOS genetic variant associated with TAFI C‐1040Tconfirmed an almost one and half fold increase risk of RSA.ConclusionThese findings highlighted the role of eNOS and nitric oxide metabolism in RSA and opened the gate to investigate the interaction of vasoconstrictive and fibrinolytic inhibitor systems.
A slightly slummier area? Negotiations of place‐bound identities through social spatializations and unofficial toponyms
Authors: Vuolteenaho Jani , Lappalainen Hanna , Ainiala Terhi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the article, spatializations (discourses of ideal or stereotyped spaces) are conceptualized as powerful discourses of the surrounding society, providing resources for place‐bound identity construction in interaction. We combine a sociolinguistic analysis with Bakhtinian dialogism to understand how such “third” voices in dialogue empower and pluralize self‐ and other‐positionings embedded in the evocations of unofficial place names. Empirically, the focus is on toponyms that divide the socially mixed Vuosaari suburb in Helsinki into “older” and “newer” territories. The results show that when the stereotypes of “good” and “bad” neighbourhoods or other spatializations interpenetrate the uses of “Old” and “New Vuosaari,” they open room for the (re‐)voicing of the meanings of these toponyms for highly differentiated social ends. With the Bakhtinian framework bridging between socio‐spatial theory and sociolinguistics, the article develops a spatially sensitized approach to analyse the entanglements of the micro‐level contexts of interaction with the macro‐level discourses of meaning‐giving.
Does umbilical cord blood glucose extraction discriminate the risk of early neonatal hypoglycaemia in at‐risk newborns?
Authors: Kennedy Lydia M L , Crawford Tara M , Andersen Chad C , Stark Michael J 
Published: April 2019

AimDespite targeting newborns at risk of hypoglycaemia based on clinical characteristics, blood glucose measured at 1 and 4 h of age is frequently normal. Identification of at‐risk newborns at the greatest risk of hypoglycaemia would allow more targeted, earlier intervention. We aimed to determine the ability of calculated umbilical cord blood glucose extraction to discriminate hypoglycaemia in at‐risk newborns in the first 4 h of life.MethodsNewborns with paired arterial and venous cord blood glucose and 1 ± 4 h capillary or venous blood glucose measured using a blood gas analyser (radiometer) were retrospectively identified (n = 154). Hypoglycaemia was defined as a blood glucose ≤2.0 mmol/L. The ability of calculated umbilical cord blood glucose extraction to discriminate risk of hypoglycaemia was determined by an receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsTwenty‐seven newborns (18%) had a blood glucose ≤2.0 mmol/L at either time point. Neither arterial nor venous cord blood glucose predicted early hypoglycaemia better than chance. The area under the ROC curve for umbilical cord blood glucose extraction (area under the ROC curve = 0.74, (95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.82)) was significantly better than chance and arterial or venous cord blood glucose. An umbilical cord blood glucose extraction of 16% had the best sensitivity (80%) and specificity (55%) for discriminating the risk of early hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsUmbilical cord blood glucose extraction discriminates the risk of early hypoglycaemia at 1 or 4 h of age. However, the clinical utility of this test is limited due to the low sensitivity and specificity. Its predictive value may be greater in specific subsets of at‐risk newborns and warrants further investigation.
The Effect of the Field of Study on the Higher Education Wage Premium — Evidence from Israel
Authors: Krill Ze'ev , Geva Assaf , Aloni Tslil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChoosing an academic field of study is an important economic decision; it impacts the skills acquired during the course of one's studies, the occupation and industry when entering the labor market, and consequently, one's potential salary. Using administrative records on the birth cohort of 1975–85 in Israel, we examine the impact of the choice of academic field of study on salary and find that this choice accounts for about 20 per cent of the explained variance in wages. In general, the effects we find are qualitatively similar to those found in a similar study conducted for the United States, although the variance found in Israeli data is slightly higher. Thus, compared with education studies graduates, we find a particularly high premium for computer science and engineering fields, and a negative premium for arts, psychology, architecture, and the humanities.
Effects of Photobiomodulation on Root Resorption Induced by Orthodontic Tooth Movement and RANKL/OPG Expression in Rats
Authors: de Melo Conti Carolina , Suzuki Hideo , Garcez Aguinaldo Silva , Suzuki Selly Sayuri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation on the repair of induced root resorption (RR) after orthodontic tooth movement. Twenty male rats were used in this study. Forty right and left upper first molars were evaluated and divided into four groups (n = 10): negative control group (NC), no tooth movement or irradiation; positive control group (PC), induced tooth movement and root resorption; conventional treatment group (CT), force was removed after 7 days; and photobiomodulation group (PBM) after force removal molars were irradiated every 48 h for 7 days using GaAlAs diode laser (810 nm). Energy per point was 1.5 J (100 mW, 15 s, 75 J cm−2). NC and PC were euthanized on day 7; CT and PBM on day 14. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemsitry analyses showed increase in area of root resorption in all groups (P < 0.05) compared to NC. RR lacunae were larger in CT compared to PC and PBM at the compression side of the distal root. OPG was higher in PBM group (P < 0.05). PBM group showed low expression of RANKL compared to PC and CT on the tension side. PBM can potentially affect RR progression by increasing OPG expression in the compression area and decreasing number of clastic cells in the root surface.
Meteoric fluid‐rock interaction in Variscan shear zones
Authors: Dusséaux Camille , Gébelin Aude , Boulvais Philippe , Gardien Véronique , Grimes Stephen , Mulch Andreas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVariscan shear zones in the Armorican Massif represent sites of strong fluid‐rock interaction. The hydrogen isotope composition of muscovite (δDMs) from syntectonic leucogranite allows to determine the source of fluids that infiltrated the footwall of three detachment zones and the South Armorican Shear Zone. Using temperatures of hydrogen isotope exchange estimated from microstructural data, we calculate the hydrogen isotope ratios of water (δDwater) present within the shear zones during high‐temperature deformation. A ~40‰ difference in δDwater values from deep to shallow crustal level reveals a mixing relationship between deep crustal fluids with higher δD values that range from −34 to −33‰, and meteoric fluids with δD values as low as −74‰ in the upper part of detachment footwalls.
The DNA of the domestic value added (DVA) in exports: Firm‐level analysis of DVA in exports
Authors: Vrh Nataša 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the relationship between domestic value added in exports (DVA) and the different ways firms participate in GVCs by exploiting a detailed firm‐level data set for the whole population of Slovenian exporting firms for the period 2002–14. The paper draws attention to those firm characteristics that allow a greater share of DVA to be captured. Although reliance on industry‐level data from input–output tables is the most common way of doing this in the literature, this paper develops a method for estimating DVA in exports using firm‐level data by adapting the approach taken by Kee and Tang (2016). The paper finds that in terms of DVA, domestic‐owned exporting firms outperform more productive foreign‐owned firms and that firms not affiliated with permanent suppliers from abroad capture higher DVA in exports. Positive outcomes of DVA in exports can be observed, all else being equal, for firms with a larger share of intangible capital per worker and firms with a smaller share of exports based on imports of the same products. The results also show that when exporting more to less demanding markets, like the countries of former Yugoslavia, firms benefit more in terms of greater DVA gains in exports.
The profile of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in patients attending a specialist eye clinic in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Sapkota Raju , Chen Zhiqing , Zheng Dingchang , Pardhan Shahina 
Published: April 2019

Background/aimsTo examine the profile of diabetic retinopathy, awareness and self-help in patients attending a specialist eye clinic in Hangzhou, China.MethodsA total of 199 consecutive patients with diabetes (mean age = 57 years, SD = 11) attending eye clinic at the School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou were examined in a cross-sectional study. Clinical/demographic data were obtained from patients’ records. Fundus photographs obtained from each patient were graded using Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) criteria; severe non-proliferative, proliferative retinopathy and/or macular oedema (hard exudates/thickening around fovea) were classified as sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR). Optical coherence tomography was used to confirm the diagnosis of macular oedema. Data on knowledge/awareness about diabetes and self-help/lifestyle were collected using a structured questionnaire.ResultsSTDR was found in 80% patients of whom 18% had visual acuity of ≤counting fingers in at least one eye. Male gender, longer diabetic duration and use of insulin were significantly associated with STDR (p ≤ 0.05). Of the total, 41% patients reported that they were attending for the first time. Of all the first-time attendees, 67% had STDR. Also of all the first-time attendees, 14% were unclear whether diabetes affected their eyes. Fifty-one per cent of patients who thought their diabetes was well controlled had fasting blood sugar ≥6.5 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Of the total, 65% patients reported not doing ≥4 hours/week of physical exercise.ConclusionsThe majority of patients with diabetes presented to this eye clinic suffered with late-stage retinopathy. Our results advocate the need to improve diabetic diagnosis, management and awareness and to set up eye screening for diabetics in Hangzhou, China.
HOW DO YOU DISCLOSE? SOME EVIDENCE ON IT GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN EUROPEAN BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: PANETTA IDA CLAUDIA , LEO SABRINA , SANTOBONI FABRIZIO , VENTO GIANFRANCO 
Published: April 2019

This paper examines the evolution of the attention paid by a sample of EU banks on IT governance. We propose an analysis based on IT public disclosure to contribute to the less explored strand of literature on IT governance transparency. We explore if the attention paid by banks to this topic has grown after the crises and if the greater importance ascribed to IT governance is due to the Supervisors’ pressure or the value-driven decisions. In particular, we test if, as for other corporate governance mechanisms, there is a verifiable linkage between IT governance (disclosure) and banks’ performance.
Mitigating Load Imbalance in Distributed Data Serving with Rack-Scale Memory Pooling
Authors: Novakovic Stanko , Daglis Alexandros , Ustiugov Dmitrii , Bugnion Edouard , Falsafi Babak , Grot Boris 
Published: April 2019

To provide low-latency and high-throughput guarantees, most large key-value stores keep the data in the memory of many servers. Despite the natural parallelism across lookups, the load imbalance, introduced by heavy skew in the popularity distribution of keys, limits performance. To avoid violating tail latency service-level objectives, systems tend to keep server utilization low and organize the data in micro-shards, which provides units of migration and replication for the purpose of load balancing. These techniques reduce the skew but incur additional monitoring, data replication, and consistency maintenance overheads.
In this work, we introduce RackOut, a memory pooling technique that leverages the one-sided remote read primitive of emerging rack-scale systems to mitigate load imbalance while respecting service-level objectives. In RackOut, the data are aggregated at rack-scale granularity, with all of the participating servers in the rack jointly servicing all of the rack’s micro-shards. We develop a queuing model to evaluate the impact of RackOut at the datacenter scale. In addition, we implement a RackOut proof-of-concept key-value store, evaluate it on two experimental platforms based on RDMA and Scale-Out NUMA, and use these results to validate the model. We devise two distinct approaches to load balancing within a RackOut unit, one based on random selection of nodes—RackOut_static—and another one based on an adaptive load balancing mechanism—RackOut_adaptive. Our results show that RackOut_static increases throughput by up to 6× for RDMA and 8.6&times for Scale-Out NUMA compared to a scale-out deployment, while respecting tight tail latency service-level objectives. RackOut_adaptive improves the throughput by 30% for workloads with 20% of writes over RackOut_static.
Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology 8600 Ampayon, Butuan City, Philippines
Authors: ANINO EMILIO .O 
Published: April 2019

Selected fungicides were tested to control damping-off affecting bagrasÂ seedlings in the Central Nursery of the Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines (PICOP), Surigao del Sur, Philippines. The fungicides, at three concentrations each, were applied once before seed sowing to control pre-emergence damping-off and applied again after germination to control post-emergence damping-off. Ajax detergent (2g/l H2O), Benlate (0.5 g/1 H2O), Brassicol (1.5 gv'l H2O), and Fungitox (1.0 g/1 H2O) provided the best level of control against the disease. Ajax detergent is the most practical among the best chemicals because it is cheap, locally available, not a health hazard, and less polluting. Key Words :Â Eucalyptus deglupta/ Seeds/Nursery/flWzoctoma so/am'/Fungicides/Application
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF EGG PARASITOID, TELENOMUS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) FROM SEVERAL LOCATIONS IN JAVA USING RAPD-PCR
Authors: YULIARTI NETTI , HIDAYAT PURNAMA , BUCHORI DAMAYANTI 
Published: April 2019

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the differences of four Telenomus species and five populations of T. rowani from several locations in Java. Amplification of genomic DNA by using primer P2 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) indicated that each Telenomus species had a unique set of RAPD bands. Two bands which characterized the genus are estimated to be 300 and 430 bp. Each species had three specific bright bands except T. dignoides which only had two specific bright bands. However, no bands are unique to any of the five populations of T. rowani and all of the bands are less than 500 base-pair. Cluster analysis using UPGMA (Unweighed Pair Group Method With Arithmatic Mean) showed that the four Telenomus species consist of two groups, T. rowani and T. remusÂ in one cluster and T. dignus with T. dignoides belonging to another cluster. Key words : PCR-RAPD / clustering / Telenomus spp.
Differences in Carotid Plaques Between Symptomatic Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gao Xiao , Song Jinyu , Watase Hiroko , Hippe Daniel S. , Zhao Xihai , Canton Gador , Tian Fengshi , Du Ran , Ji Shengzhang , Yuan Chun ,   on behalf of CARE-II Investigators
Published: April 2019

Objective—
Diabetes mellitus is associated with high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. This study aimed to compare characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in symptomatic Chinese diabetic and nondiabetic patients using vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging.

Approach and Results—

Patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms in the anterior circulation and carotid atherosclerotic plaque determined by ultrasound were recruited from a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study of CARE-II (Chinese Atherosclerosis Risk Evaluation). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging for carotid arteries. The morphological and compositional characteristics of carotid plaques were compared between diabetic and nondiabetic patients using linear (continuous variables) and logistic regression (binary variables). In a total of 584 recruited patients, 182 (31.2%) had diabetes mellitus. From the univariate analysis, diabetic patients had significantly greater mean wall area (33.7 versus 31.1 mm
2
;
P
=0.002), maximum wall thickness (3.2 versus 2.8 mm;
P
<0.001), and mean normalized wall index (43.8% versus 41.0%;
P
<0.001) and had significantly higher prevalence of calcification (51.6% versus 36.6%;
P
=0.001), lipid-rich necrotic core (77.5% versus 58.5%;
P
<0.001), and high-risk plaque (29.7% versus 19.9%;
P
=0.011) than nondiabetic patients. After adjusting for clinical characteristics, the differences in presence of calcification (
P
=0.018) and lipid-rich necrotic core (
P
=0.001) remained statistically significant.

Conclusions—
Symptomatic Chinese diabetic patients are more likely to have carotid plaques with calcification and lipid-rich necrotic core than nondiabetic patients, suggesting that diabetic patients may develop more severe atherosclerotic disease that should be accounted for in their clinical management.
Targeted Sequencing Study to Uncover Shared Genetic Susceptibility Between Peripheral Artery Disease and Coronary Heart Disease—Brief Report
Authors: Safarova Maya S. , Fan Xiao , Austin Erin E. , van Zuydam Natalie , Hopewell Jemma , Schaid Daniel J. , Kullo Iftikhar J. 
Published: April 2019

Objective—
It is unclear to what extent genetic susceptibility variants are shared between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD), both manifestations of atherosclerotic vascular disease. We investigated whether common and low-frequency/rare variants in loci associated with CHD are also associated with PAD.

Approach and Results—

Targeted sequencing of 41 genomic regions associated with CHD in genome-wide association studies was performed in 1749 PAD cases (65±11 years, 61% men) and 1855 controls (60±11 years, 56% men) of European ancestry. PAD cases had a resting/postexercise ankle-brachial index ≤0.9, or history of lower extremity revascularization; controls had no history of PAD. We tested the association of common (defined as minor allele frequency ≥5%) variants with PAD assuming an additive genetic model with adjustment for age and sex. To identify low-frequency/rare variants (minor allele frequency <5%) associated with PAD, we conducted gene-level analyses using sequence kernel association test and permutation test. After Bonferroni correction, we found common variants in
SH2B3, ABO
, and
ZEB2
to be associated with PAD (
P
<4.5×10
−5
). At the gene level, the strongest associations were for
LPL
and
SH2B3
.

Conclusions—
Targeted sequencing of 41 genomic regions associated with CHD revealed several common variants/genes to be associated with PAD, highlighting the basis of shared genetic susceptibility between CHD and PAD.
Holiday Season and Weekend Effects on Stroke Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study Controlling for Stroke Severity
Authors: Huang Huei‐Kai , Chang Wei‐Chuan , Hsu Jin‐Yi , Wang Jen‐Hung , Liu Pin‐Sung , Lin Shu‐Man , Loh Ching‐Hui 
Published: April 2019

Background
The effect of holiday season admission for stroke on mortality has not been investigated. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether “holiday season” and “weekend” effects exist on mortality risk for stroke admission.

Methods and Results
A nationwide cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified all patients admitted for stroke between 2011 and 2015 in Taiwan, and categorized them according to the admission date: holiday season (at least 4 days off) (n=3908), weekend (n=13 774), and weekday (n=49 045). We analyzed in‐hospital, 7‐day, and 30‐day mortality using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for stroke severity and other confounders. Compared with weekday admissions, holiday season admission for stroke was significantly associated with a 20%, 33%, and 21% increase in in‐hospital, 7‐day, and 30‐day mortality, respectively. Compared with weekend admissions, holiday season admissions were associated with a 24%, 30%, and 22% increased risk of in‐hospital, 7‐day, and 30‐day mortality, respectively. However, mortality did not differ significantly between weekend and weekday admissions. Subanalyses after stratification for age, sex, and stroke type also revealed similar trends.

Conclusions
We report for the first time a “holiday season effect” on stroke mortality. Patients admitted during holiday seasons had higher mortality risks than those admitted on weekends and weekdays. This holiday season effect persisted even after adjusting for stroke severity and other important confounders. These findings highlight the need for healthcare delivery systems with a consistent quality of round‐the‐clock care for patients admitted for stroke.