bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policies of Radicalisation as Anti- and Countercult Ideologies
Authors: Kühle Lene 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The similarities between research in ‘new religious movements’ and radicalization has been noticed by several scholars. This article however attempt to view the entire logic of ‘radicalization controversies’ through the lens of ‘cult controveries’. With a point of departure in material from Denmark, similarities are found between the position of scholars attempting to provide nuanced understandings of complex phenomena as well as in dynamics between radical groups and counter-jihad groups. The article suggests that current understandings of processes of radicalisation, de-radicalisation and securitisation may benefit from insights from comparisons with anti-cult movements setting the agenda for public discourses on NRM movements in the 1980s.
Muslims Denouncing Violent Extremism
Authors: van Es Margaretha A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article explores statements made by Dutch Muslims against violent extremism, and explains these statements in the context of the growing pressure exerted on Muslim minorities in Europe to present themselves as peaceful and loyal citizens. It problematises the often-repeated call on Muslims to denounce terrorism, and reveals that Dutch Muslims have condemned violent extremism more often than is commonly acknowledged. However, essentialist statements about Islam as a violent religion often provoke competing essentialisms of Islam as a ‘religion of peace’. In analysing such statements as ‘performative performances’, the author demonstrates how public debate about violent extremism feeds into Muslim perceptions of what Islam ‘really’ is.
Feasibility of engaging college students in a 10-day plant-based diet
Authors: Valdez Elizabeth Salerno , Pottinger Heidi , Urbon-Bonine Angela , Duncan Burris 
Published: July 2018

Objective: This study sought to determine the feasibility of (a) engaging college students in experiential learning through a 10-day whole foods plant-based diet intervention, (b) bringing pertinence to the course topics that had an emphasis on chronic conditions and (c) understanding how the intervention influenced students’ perceptions and behaviours. Design: Quasi-experimental design. Biomarkers, dietary perceptions and behaviours were collected at baseline and 11-day post-intervention. Setting: The study was implemented in the context of an undergraduate/graduate public health course. Method: We assessed the feasibility of the intervention using an acceptability focus, including participant retention in the intervention, and participant self-reported experience with the plant-based diet. We also utilised an implementation research focus, concerning the extent, likelihood and manner in which an intervention can be fully implemented as planned and proposed. Results: The intervention was determined to be feasible. Participants learned that their diet can affect multiple health conditions and all changed their diet in some way or another as a result. Of the 10 participants, mean change in total cholesterol was −26 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was −6.1 mg/dL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was −21.6 mg/dL, all with p values <.05. Conclusion: Findings suggest that through experiential learning, students will consider a whole food plant-based diet and/or make some personal lifestyle changes as a result.
Sildenafil and calcitonin gene-related peptide dilate intradural arteries: A 3T MR angiography study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Christensen Casper Emil , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Younis Samaira , Lindberg Ulrich , de Koning Patrick , Petersen Esben Thade , Paulson Olaf Bjarne , Larsson Henrik Bo Wiberg , Ashina Messoud 
Published: July 2018

Background Sildenafil and calcitonin gene-related peptide are vasoactive substances that induce migraine attacks in patients. The intradural arteries are thought to be involved, but these have never been examined in vivo. Sildenafil is the only migraine-inducing compound for which cephalic, extracranial artery dilation is not reported. Here, we investigate the effects of sildenafil and calcitonin gene-related peptide on the extracranial and intradural parts of the middle meningeal artery. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, three-way crossover, placebo-controlled head-to-head comparison study, MR-angiography was recorded in healthy volunteers at baseline and twice after study drug (sildenafil/ calcitonin gene-related peptide/saline) administration. Circumferences of extracranial and intradural middle meningeal artery segments were measured using semi-automated analysis software. The area under the curve for circumference change was compared using paired t-tests between study days. Results Twelve healthy volunteers completed the study. The area under the curveBaseline-120min was significantly larger on both the sildenafil and the calcitonin gene-related peptide day in the intradural middle meningeal artery (calcitonin gene-related peptide, p = 0.013; sildenafil, p = 0.027) and the extracranial middle meningeal artery (calcitonin gene-related peptide, p = 0.0003; sildenafil, p = 0.021), compared to placebo. Peak intradural middle meningeal artery dilation was 9.9% (95% CI [2.9–16.9]) after sildenafil (T30min) and 12.5% (95% CI [8.1–16.8]) after calcitonin gene-related peptide (T30min). Peak dilation of the extracranial middle meningeal artery after calcitonin gene-related peptide (T30min) was 15.7% (95% CI [11.2–20.1]) and 18.9% (95% CI [12.8–24.9]) after sildenafil (T120min). Conclusion An important novel finding is that both sildenafil and calcitonin gene-related peptide dilate intradural arteries, supporting the notion that all known pharmacological migraine triggers dilate cephalic vessels. We suggest that intradural artery dilation is associated with headache induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide and sildenafil.
Breastfeeding Without Nursing: “If Only I’d Known More about Exclusively Pumping before Giving Birth”
Authors: Jardine Fiona M. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Human milk is understood to be the optimal nutrition for infants, yet many women struggle to nurse. Although exclusively pumping human milk can provide a solution, women may be unaware of this possibility and, thus, experience unnecessary frustration. Research aim: This study aimed to (a) determine the proportion of respondents who had heard of exclusive pumping prenatally; (b) describe sources that respondents turned to and/or received breastfeeding-related information from prenatally; (c) explore the ways in which respondents learned prenatally about exclusive pumping; (d) describe how useful respondents found various information sources when learning about exclusive pumping; and (e) describe the differences between respondents who first heard the term exclusive pumping prenatally versus postpartum. Methods: A cross-sectional, self-report, mixed-methods survey was administered online to a convenience sample of current and/or past exclusive pumpers ( N = 1,215). Descriptive statistics were produced (Research aims 1–4), and chi-square tests (Research aims 1, 2, and 5) and a Mann–Whitney U test (Research aim 5) were conducted, to identify trends and compare respondents. Results: Seventy-one percent ( n = 864) of respondents had not heard of exclusive pumping until after giving birth. Respondents reported that very few prenatal breastfeeding information sources mentioned or explained exclusive pumping. Women who had heard about exclusive pumping prior to giving birth ( n = 291, 24%) reported feeling more knowledgeable about how to exclusively pump and less frustrated, insecure, depressed, rejected, embarrassed, envious, burdened, guilty, and disappointed while exclusively pumping. Conclusion: For postpartum knowledge and affective outcomes to improve, prenatal infant feeding information and education must include information about exclusive pumping.
HbA1c and hypoglycaemia in intensively treated type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in primary care
Authors: Malawana Manil , Kerry Sally , Mathur Rohini , Robson John 
Published: July 2018

Objective To establish whether low HbA1c is associated with clinical hypoglycaemia among people with type 2 diabetes prescribed insulins or sulphonylureas. Design Retrospective cohort study using routine electronic GP health records collected between January 2013 and December 2015. Setting Three east London Clinical Commissioning Groups. Participants Two cohorts of adults with type 2 diabetes prescribed either (i) insulins with or without other oral antidiabetic medication (n = 6788, 36.4%) or (ii) sulphonylureas with or without other oral antidiabetic medications excluding insulins (n = 11,840, 63.6%). Main outcome measures First clinically recorded hypoglycaemia and all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) adjusting for age, ethnicity, renal function and comorbidities were calculated using Cox regression models. Results Compared with an HbA1c of 53–63 mmol/mol, the adjusted HR of hypoglycaemia in those with a low HbA1c, below 53 mmol/mol, in the insulin and sulphonylurea cohorts were 1.26 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.62) and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.87), respectively. Adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality from low HbA1c in the insulin and sulphonylurea cohorts were 1.54 (95% CI, 1.15 to 2.07) and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.81), respectively. Increasing age and renal impairment were also associated with increased hypoglycaemic risk in both cohorts. Conclusions HbA1c below 53 mmol/mol was associated with episodes of clinical hypoglycaemia among people with type 2 diabetes prescribed sulphonylureas, and all-cause mortality in those prescribed insulins and sulphonylureas. These findings support the need for reviewing glycaemic targets and the intensities of treatment in those with low HbA1c prescribed insulins or sulphonylureas to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Telomere shortening correlates with leukemic stem cell burden at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bouillon Anne-Sophie , Ventura Ferreira Monica S. , Awad Shady Adnan , Richter Johan , Hochhaus Andreas , Kunzmann Volker , Dengler Jolanta , Janssen Jeroen , Ossenkoppele Gert , Westerweel Peter E. , te Boekhorst Peter A. W. , Mahon Francois-Xavier , Hjorth-Hansen Henrik , Isfort Susanne , Fioretos Thoas , Hummel Sebastian , Schemionek Mirle , Wilop Stefan , Koschmieder Steffen , Saußele Susanne , Mustjoki Satu , Beier Fabian , Brümmendorf Tim H. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
TL in LSCs is significantly shortened at diagnosis of CML and correlates with LSC burden. TL in nonleukemic myeloid cells in deep molecular remission is unaffected by long-term TKI treatment.
Big issues for small feet: developmental, biomechanical and clinical narratives on children's footwear
Authors: Morrison Stewart C. , Price Carina , McClymont Juliet , Nester Chris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effects of footwear on the development of children's feet has been debated for many years and recent work from the developmental and biomechanical literature has challenged long‐held views about footwear and the impact on foot development. This narrative review draws upon existing studies from developmental, biomechanical and clinical literature to explore the effects of footwear on the development of the foot. The emerging findings from this support the need for progress in [children's] footwear science and advance understanding of the interaction between the foot and shoe. Ensuring clear and credible messages inform practice requires a progressive evidence base but this remains big issue in children's footwear research.
The Drosophila insulin pathway controls Profilin expression and dynamic actin-rich protrusions during collective cell migration
Authors: Ghiglione Christian , Jouandin Patrick , Cérézo Delphine , Noselli Stéphane 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Understanding how different cell types acquire their motile behaviour is central to many normal and pathological processes. Drosophila border cells represent a powerful model for addressing this issue and to specifically decipher the mechanisms controlling collective cell migration. Here, we identify the Drosophila Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) pathway as a key regulator in controlling actin dynamics in border cells, independently of its function in growth control. Loss of IIS activity blocks the formation of actin-rich long cellular extensions that are important for the delamination and the migration of the invasive cluster. We show that IIS specifically activates the expression of the actin regulator chickadee, the Drosophila homolog of Profilin, which is essential for promoting the formation of actin extensions and migration through the egg chamber. In this process, the transcription factor FoxO acts as a repressor of chickadee expression. Altogether, these results show that local activation of IIS controls collective cell migration through regulation of actin homeostasis and protrusion dynamics.
Dynamic cytoplasmic projections connect mammalian spermatogonia in vivo
Authors: Niedenberger Bryan A. , Cook Kenneth , Baena Valentina , Serra Nicholas D. , Velte Ellen K. , Agno Julio E. , Litwa Karen A. , Terasaki Mark , Hermann Brian P. , Matzuk Martin M. , Geyer Christopher B. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Throughout the male reproductive lifespan, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) produce committed progenitors that proliferate and then remain physically connected in growing clones via short cylindrical intercellular bridges (ICBs). These ICBs, which enlarge in meiotic spermatocytes, have been demonstrated to provide a conduit for postmeiotic haploid spermatids to share sex chromosome-derived gene products. In addition to ICBs, spermatogonia exhibit multiple thin cytoplasmic projections. Here, we have explored the nature of these projections in mice and find that they are dynamic, span considerable distances from their cell body (≥25 μm), either terminate or physically connect multiple adjacent spermatogonia, and allow for sharing of macromolecules. Our results extend the current model that subsets of spermatogonia exist as isolated cells or clones, and support a model in which spermatogonia of similar developmental fates are functionally connected through a shared dynamic cytoplasm mediated by thin cytoplasmic projections.
Fetal articular cartilage regeneration versus adult fibrocartilaginous repair: secretome proteomics unravels molecular mechanisms in an ovine model
Authors: Ribitsch Iris , Mayer Rupert L. , Egerbacher Monika , Gabner Simone , Kańduła Maciej M. , Rosser Julie , Haltmayer Eva , Auer Ulrike , Gültekin Sinan , Huber Johann , Bileck Andrea , Kreil David P. , Gerner Christopher , Jenner Florien 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide owing to the limited regenerative capacity of adult articular cartilage. Currently, there are no disease-modifying pharmacological or surgical therapies for OA. Fetal mammals, in contrast to adults, are capable of regenerating injured cartilage in the first two trimesters of gestation. A deeper understanding of the properties intrinsic to the response of fetal tissue to injury would allow us to modulate the way in which adult tissue responds to injury. In this study, we employed secretome proteomics to compare fetal and adult protein regulation in response to cartilage injury using an ovine cartilage defect model. The most relevant events comprised proteins associated with the immune response and inflammation, proteins specific for cartilage tissue and cartilage development, and proteins involved in cell growth and proliferation. Alarmins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 and coiled-coil domain containing 88A (CCDC88A), which are associated with inflammatory processes, were found to be significantly upregulated following injury in adult, but not in fetal animals. By contrast, cartilage-specific proteins like proteoglycan 4 were upregulated in response to injury only in fetal sheep postinjury. Our results demonstrate the power and relevance of the ovine fetal cartilage regeneration model presented here for the first time. The identification of previously unrecognized modulatory proteins that plausibly affect the healing process holds great promise for potential therapeutic interventions.
Estratégias e Mediatos Utilizados pelo Tráfico de Drogas para Integração dos Presídios às Redes Territoriais Externas: uma Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Reis Netto Roberto Magno , Chagas Clay Anderson Nunes 
Published: July 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo a realização de uma revisão literária em torno da relação entre droga e cárcere com intuito de identificar as estratégias e os mediatos utilizados pelo tráfico de drogas para a integração dos presídios às redes territoriais externas. Sob um método hermenêutico e dialético, foi proposta a análise de obras selecionadas conforme critérios metodológicos específicos, seguida de uma análise de conteúdo para construção de categorias científico-analíticas. Ao fim, foram identificadas seis espécies de estratégias que, se aplicadas de forma simultânea e intercruzada, garantem o exercício de poderes no mundo externo por agentes territoriais dentro do dos presídios.
Evoluções Históricas da Atuação do Poder Judiciário no Controle do Tabagismo por Meio de Decisões Judiciais
Authors: Efing Antônio Carlos , Mottin Letícia 
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo versa sobre a importância da atuação do Poder Judiciário para o controle do tabagismo, tendo como objetivo principal contribuir e aprimorar o estudo do tópico, com enfoque na jurisprudência que trata de danos ocasionados pelo contato com os produtos derivados do tabaco. Pode concluir-se que, com base na coleta dos julgados nacionais, delimitado no período entre 1º de janeiro de 2010 a 30 de agosto de 2016, tornou-se claramente perceptível que, em sua grande maioria, a responsabilidade pelos danos é transferida para a sociedade civil, ficando, assim, a indústria do tabaco livre de qualquer ônus que a sua atividade econômica é capaz de gerar. Ainda, conclui-se que a atuação do Poder Judiciário pode contribuir para a redução dos danos ocasionados pelo uso de produtos derivados do tabaco. Para tanto, o presente estudo utilizou-se da técnica de revisão bibliográfica para instrumentalizar o artigo científico, por meio da base lógica indutiva para relatar os resultados do trabalho, como também da metodologia documental e legislativa.
Il Diritto Internazionale Può Scongiurare Le Guerre?
Authors: Perra Livio 
Published: July 2018

Nel presente articolo l’autore muove la sua analisi partendo dall’interrogativo se il diritto internazionale possa scongiurare le guerre. Il diritto internazionale ha sempre ricercato l’obiettivo di dirimere le controversie tra gli Stati in maniera pacifica. La spinta verso questo fine si avverte in misura maggiore dopo i grandi conflitti bellici. La Lega delle Nazioni vede la propria nascita in funzione di questo intento pacificatore. Anche se viene definita come una impresa fallimentare, l’autore ritiene che abbia posto le basi per i successivi progressi. Importanti passi vengono compiuti dall’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite, la quale cerca di salvaguardare la pace attraverso l’utilizzo di misure che contemplano l’uso della forza e misure che non prevedono l’utilizzo della forza. In particolare, l’autore esamina entrambe le tipologie di strumenti e giunge alla conclusione che anche questo approccio sembra non essere del tutto efficace. Egli esamina il concetto di pace giusta ed il diritto dei popoli alla pace. Infine, l’attenzione si concentra sulla tendenza più recente alla promozione dell’educazione alla cultura della pace.
Governança Global da Tributação e os Tratados Internacionais de Cooperação e Transparência Fiscal
Authors: Mauricio Junior Alceu 
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho objetiva analisar os novos instrumentos de governança global da tributação e a controvérsia sobre a possível inconstitucionalidade das normas domésticas que implementam tratados fiscais internacionais de cooperação e troca automática de informações. O trabalho aborda os impactos da globalização sobre os sistemas tributários, apontando que a mobilidade do capital internacional e a ausência de mecanismos eficientes e transparentes de cooperação e troca de informações fiscais facilitam a evasão fiscal e o planejamento tributário agressivo. Sistemas fiscais domésticos isolados e não coordenados não são capazes de apresentar resposta adequada a esses efeitos indesejados, e, consequentemente, os Estados perdem sua capacidade de financiar a efetivação dos direitos humanos. Nesse cenário, surge um novo paradigma de governança global da tributação e do Direito Fiscal Internacional, que volta sua atenção para os problemas da evasão fiscal e da erosão das bases imponíveis. Partindo dessas premissas, este artigo apresenta dois instrumentos de governança global da tributação – os tratados relativos ao FATCA e a Ação 12 do Projeto BEPS. Por fim, investiga-se a possível violação de direitos de privacidade e de livre iniciativa em razão da implementação desses instrumentos internacionais na ordem jurídica nacional, efetuando-se uma análise a partir de precedentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do direito comparado. Conclui-se que a implementação de tratados internacionais para cooperação e transparência fiscal não é prima facie inconstitucional, embora gere maiores responsabilidades às autoridades tributárias no que tange à preservação dos direitos dos contribuintes.
Assessment of the impact of Atlantic bluefin tuna farming on Adriatic benthic habitats by analysing macroinvertebrate assemblage structure at family level
Authors: SANCHEZ-JEREZ PABLO , FERNANDEZ-GONZALEZ VICTORIA , MLADINEO IVONA , MATIJEVIĆ SLAVICA , BOGNER DANIJELA , GRUBIŠIĆ LEON , FERNANDEZ-JOVER DAMIAN 
Published: July 2018

The rapidly expanding Atlantic bluefin tuna fattening industry is characterized by high stock densities and a high input food biomass in the form of whole bait seafood. The environmental impact of this activity must be effectively monitored within a proper sustainable development framework, to address concerns about the potential adverse effects. However, evaluation of monitoring tools for tuna farming has received less attention than other activities. Based on the principles of key taxa (Pocklington and Wells, 1992), we tested the potential use of changes in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, polychaetes and amphipods for this purpose. Applying a non-parametric multivariate approach for monitoring the impact of this aquaculture activity on the benthic habitat, we checked for correlations with the physicochemical environmental variables of the sediment. A hierarchical spatial design was followed, using multiple controls. Amphipods and polychaetes showed dissimilarities between impacted and control locations, with significant differences for total assemblage structure at a taxonomic level of families. Total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS) concentrations were the variables best associated with these changes for amphipods, and d 13C and total phosphorus (TP) were the best for polychaetes. However, total free sulfides (TFS) and TP were the chemical variables that best indicated the effects on sediment. Using this approach, surrogating the whole benthic assemblage to a single taxocene, our data suggest that monitoring tuna farming impact by comparing the changes in amphipod and polychaete assemblages at family level could be an optimal procedure with an excellent cost/benefit ratio.