bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulcus cruris in differential dermatological diagnosis
Authors: Zabel M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe leg ulcer is mostly caused by vascular or venous diseases. About 1% of the German population suffer from a leg ulcer. 50–80% of the leg ulcers are caused by chronic venous insufficiency. Besides, there are many other diseases which can develop a leg ulcer. If a leg ulcer does not heal over months of therapy there are many other differential diagnosis possible. The ulcer is only a symptom, not a diagnosis.Following diseases can induce leg ulcer: vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, cryoglobulinaemia, livedo vasculitis, polyarthritis nodosa, haematological, neuropathic, infectious and metabolic disorders, necrobiosis lipoidica (diabeticorum), pyoderma gangraenosum, calciphylaxis, arterial hypertension, chemical and physical injuries. The different diseases are discussed. For the diagnosis it is important that a detailed anamnesis, a typical statement, laboratory and histological findings exist. Sometimes the cooperation between several medical disciplines is necessary. Only an exact diagnosis can induce a differentiated therapy and in many cases the leg ulcer heal up. The aim of this paper is a survey of various non venous or vascular reasons for the development of leg ulcer. However the survey is not completed. But the main causes are mentioned.
SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Koehli M. , Monbaron D. , Prior J. O. , Calcagni M. L. , Fivaz-Arbane M. , Stauffer J. C. , Gaillard R. C. , Bischof Delaloye A. , Ruiz J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: To determine the long-term prognostic value of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for the occurrence of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Patients, methods: SPECT MPI of 210 consecutive Caucasian diabetic patients were analysed using Kaplan-Meier event-free survival curves and independent predictors were determined by Cox multivariate analyses. Results: Follow-up was complete in 200 (95%) patients with a median period of 3.0 years (0.8-5.0). The population was composed of 114 (57%) men, age 65 ±10 years, 181 (90.5%) type 2 diabetes mellitus, 50 (25%) with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and 98 (49%) presenting chest pain prior to MPI. The prevalence of abnormal MPI was 58%. Patients with a normal MPI had neither cardiac death, nor myocardial infarction, independently of a history of coronary artery disease or chest pain. Among the independent predictors of cardiac death and myocardial infarction, the strongest was abnormal MPI (p <0.0001), followed by history of CAD (Hazard Ratio (HR)=15.9; p=0.0001), diabetic retinopathy (HR=10.0; p=0.001) and inability to exercise (HR=7.7; p=0.02). Patients with normal MPI had a low revascularisation rate of 2.4% during the followup period. Compared to normal MPI, cardiovascular events increased 5.2 fold for reversible defects, 8.5 fold for fixed defects and 20.1 fold for the association of both defects. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with normal MPI had an excellent prognosis independently of history of CAD. On the opposite, an abnormal MPI led to a >5-fold increase in cardiovascular events. This emphasizes the value of SPECT MPI in predicting and risk-stratifying cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.
A DICOM based PACS for nuclear medicine
Authors: Reiners Chr. , Laßmann M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe installation of a Radiology Information System (RIS) connected to a Hospital Information System (HIS) and a Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) seems mandatory for a nuclear medicine department in order to guarantee a high patient throughput. With these systems a fast transmission of reports, images to the in- and out-patients’ wards and private practitioners is realized. Therefore, since April 2000, at the department of nuclear medicine of the university of Würzburg a completely DICOM based PACS has been implemented in addition to the RIS.With this system a DICOM based workflow is realized throughout the department of nuclear medicine for reporting and archiving.The PACS is connected to six gamma-cameras, a PET scanner, a bone densitometry system and an ultrasound device. The volume of image data archived per month is 4 GByte. Patient demographics are provided to the modalities via DICOM-Worklist. With these PACS components a department specific archive purely based on DICOM can be realized. During the installation process problems occurred mainly because of the complex DICOM standard for nuclear medicine. Related to that is the problem that most of the software implementations still contain bugs or are not adapted to the needs of a nuclear medicine department (particularly for PET).A communication software for the distribution of nuclear medicine reports and images based on techniques used for the worldwide web is currently tested.
Improving diagnosis of acute appendicitis with atypical findings by Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte scan
Authors: Shung-Shung S. , Yu-Chien S. , Mei-Due Y. , Hwei-Chung W. , Kao A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: Even with careful observation, the overall false-positive rate of laparotomy remains 10-15% when acute appendicitis was suspected. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of Tc-99m HMPAO labeled leukocyte (TC-WBC) scan for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in patients presenting with atypical clinical findings is assessed. Patients and Methods: Eighty patients presenting with acute abdominal pain and possible acute appendicitis but atypical findings were included in this study. After intravenous injection of TC-WBC, serial anterior abdominal/pelvic images at 30, 60, 120 and 240 min with 800k counts were obtained with a gamma camera. Any abnormal localization of radioactivity in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, equal to or greater than bone marrow activity, was considered as a positive scan. Results: 36 out of 49 patients showing positive TC-WBC scans received appendectomy. They all proved to have positive pathological findings. Five positive TC-WBC were not related to acute appendicitis, because of other pathological lesions. Eight patients were not operated and clinical follow-up after one month revealed no acute abdominal condition. Three of 31 patients with negative TC-WBC scans received appendectomy. They also presented positive pathological findings. The remaining 28 patients did not receive operations and revealed no evidence of appendicitis after at least one month of follow-up. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values for TC-WBC scan to diagnose acute appendicitis were 92, 78, 86, 82, and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: TC-WBC scan provides a rapid and highly accurate method for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in patients with equivocal clinical examination. It proved useful in reducing the false-positive rate of laparotomy and shortens the time necessary for clinical observation.
Methods and clinical applications in nuclear cardiology: a position statement
Authors: Schäfers M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryNuclear cardiological procedures have paved the way for non-invasive diagnostics of various partial functions of the heart. Many of these functions cannot be visualised for diagnosis by any other method (e. g. innervation). These techniques supplement morphological diagnosis with regard to treatment planning and monitoring. Furthermore, they possess considerable prognostic relevance, an increasingly important issue in clinical medicine today, not least in view of the cost-benefit ratio.Our current understanding shows that effective, targeted nuclear cardiology diagnosis – in particular for high-risk patients – can contribute toward cost savings while improving the quality of diagnostic and therapeutic measures.In the future, nuclear cardiology will have to withstand mounting competition from other imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, electron beam tomography, multislice computed tomography). The continuing development of these methods increasingly enables measurement of functional aspects of the heart. Nuclear radiology methods will probably develop in the direction of molecular imaging.
Tc-99m ciprofloxacin in clinically selected patients suspected for peripherial osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis and fever of unknown origin: preliminary results
Authors: Heinisch M. , Mikosch P. , Kresnik E. , Kumnig G. , Gomez I. , Lind P. , Gallowitsch H.-J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: Retrospective evaluation of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin (infecton) scintigraphy consecutively performed in a series of patients clinically suspected for peripheral osteomyelitis (OM), spondylodiscitis (SD) and fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods: A total of 20 patients clinically suspected for OM (n = 12), SD (n = 3) and FUO (n = 5) were included in our retrospective analysis. The additional criterion was a positive 3-phase bone scan for OM, or a 2-phase bone scan in case of SD. Planar whole body scans and static acquisitions were performed 1 and 4 h after application of 370 MBq Tc-99m ciprofloxacin. In 10 patients with suspected OM, additional immunoscintigraphy using Tc-99m labelled monoclonal antibodies (Mab BW 250/183) was performed and the correlation of infecton to bloodpool and antigranulocyte scintigraphy was analysed. Results: OM: Bacterial infection was confirmed in 8 of 15 lesions. Infecton demonstrated true positive (TP) results in 7 of 8, true negative (TN) results in 2 of 7, false positive (FP) results in 5 of 7 patients and one false negative (FN) result. A strong correlation could be demonstrated between T/NT ratios of infecton and bloodpool Tc-99m medronate imaging (r = 0.84, 0.88) and between infecton and BW 250/183 (r = 0.92, 0.90). Using a threshold of 2.0 for T/NT ratio, only TP results could be observed whereas a T/NT in the range of 1.0-2.0 could not discriminate between septic and aseptic inflammation. Concordant results with Mab BW 250/183 could only be observed in 5 of 10 patients (4 TP, 1 TN) by showing 4 FP and 1 FN lesions with IF. Conclusion: Non-specific uptake of infecton can be observed in a variety of clinical situations with moderate uptake, by showing a strong correlation with blood-pool imaging. Nevertheless, intense uptake may be specific for septic inflammation.
Recent Developments in the Field of 123I-Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Knust E. J. , Machulla H.-J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDue to its advantageous nuclear physical properties iodine-123 is an excellent label for radiopharmaceuticals very well suited for measurements by γ-cameras and single-photon emission tomography. The development of 123I-radiopharmaceuticals should be based on a clear biochemical concept, reliable labelling procedures and careful pharmacokinetic studies in order to evaluate the physiological behaviour of the radioiodinated compounds being analogues of metabolic substrates. The development of 123I-labelled fatty acids and biogenic amines clearly proved the successful use of 123I for labelling compounds applied in medical diagnosis.
The Influence of Substituents in 99mTc-Benzylidenediphosphonate Complexes on their Organ Distribution in Rats
Authors: Kristen P. , Garnier-Moiroux A. , Winkel K. , Eisenhut M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe biodistribution of a series of new 99mTc-benzylidenediphosphonate complexes (99mTc-BDP) in rats was found to vary considerably with substituents in the alpha (X) and para (R) position of the BDP ligands. From the in vivo behaviour of the 99mTc-BDP complexes the following conclusions could be drawn: 1. the blood clearance was accelerated by X = NH2; 2. the kidney uptake was decreased by X = OH; 3. the bone uptake was enhanced by X = OH and R = OH; and 4. R = C1 retarded the blood clearance, increased the kidney and lowered the bone uptake. A subcutaneously transplantable osteosarcoma was tested with 99mTc-BDP complexes as a bone lesion model. Although rapidly growing the osteosarcoma accumulated less activity than the femur diaphysis. The small amount of binding sites in the tumor tissue for osteotropic radiopharmaceuticals was attributed to the formation of necroses.
Die normale Schilddrüse im Szintigramm
Authors: Geiselmann Th. , Feine U. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEs werden quantitative Angaben zur Größe der normalen Schilddrüse gemacht: rechter und linker Lappen weisen im Szintigramm eine unterschiedliche Höhe, Breite und Fläche auf, die daraus berechneten Gewichte variieren in Abhängigkeit vom Korrekturfaktor. Dystopes Schilddrüsengewebe findet sich in der Mittellinie, jodspeicherndes Gewebe im lateralen Halsbereich ist dagegen karzinomverdächtig.
A Comparison of the Cyclic Anhydride and Mixed Anhydride Methods for 111In-DTPA Chelation to Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Srivastava S. C. , Fawwaz R. A. , Giacomini P. , Ferrone S. , Richards P. , Hardy M. , Alderson P. O. , Wang T. S. T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe cyclic anhydride (CA) and the mixed anhydride (MA) of DTPA were synthesized and used to chelate 111In to an antimelanoma monoclonal antibody. The CA and MA methods showed mean labeling efficiencies of 25.7 and 20.5%, respectively (p = NS). The binding efficiency of labeled antibody to human melanoma cells in tissue culture also was similar (x̄ = 52 and 50%, respectively, p = NS), as was tumor uptake in nude mice at 96 hrs post-injection (16%-CA vs 12%-MA). The method required less complicated chemical syntheses, much less preparation time, and the product was stable over a much longer period. The results suggest that the CA method is preferable for bifunctional chelate labeling of monoclonal antibodies with 111In-DTPA.
Zur Ursache der gekreuzten zerebellaren Diaschisis bei zerebrovaskulärer Erkrankung
Authors: Hartmann A. , Friedrich G. , Fröscher M. , Reichmann K. , Reske S. N. , Knopp R. , Biersack H. J. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungBei 31 Patienten mit Apoplexie (n = 30) bzw. PRIND (n = 1) wurde eine Hirn-SPECT mit 123J-markierten Amphetaminen durchgeführt. Hierbei fand sich bei 14 (= 45%) Patienten eine gekreuzte zerebellare Diaschisis. In allen Fällen lag eine zwischen 1 Woche und 7 Jahren bestehende Hemiplegie vor. Demgegenüber bestand bei den Patienten ohne gekreuzte zerebellare Diaschisis mit einer Ausnahme keine Hemiplegie. Das Phänomen einer solchen Diaschisis ist am ehesten darauf zurückzuführen, daß bei Hirninfarkt bzw. -blutung die kontralaterale Körperhälfte gelähmt ist und damit die entsprechende Kleinhirnhemisphäre weniger periphere Reize über spino-zerebellare Bahnen erhält.
Quantitative Radioisotope Measurement of Duodenogastric Reflux in Patients with Ulcer or Gastrectomized for Ulcer
Authors: Pääkkönen M. , Aukee S. , Korhonen K. , Pääkkönen A. , Länsimies E. , Hyödynmaa S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn this work the duodenogastric reflux was quantified as the amount of radioactivity entering the stomach after an i.v. administration of 99mmTc-HIDA in ulcer patients and in patients who had undergone BI gastrectomy. The results were compared with visual evidence of gastric activity in the gamma camera images and biochemical determination of gastric bile reflux. The method is useful in quantifying the reflux if the activity is above the background activity. It allows the determination of an upper limit for the reflux when the reflux is evident visually. Only two or three images are needed for the quantitation. No correlation was found between biochemical measurement of fasting bile reflux in the stomach and radioisotopic quantification.
Der Suppressionstest zur Verlaufskontrolle der thyreostatischen Therapie: Renaissance eines nuklearmedizinischen In-vivo-Verfahrens?
Authors: Becker W. , Börner w. , Reiners Chr. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungSuppressionstests, die die Supprimierbarkeit der thyreoidalen Jodidbzw. Technetium-Anraffung nach ausreichender Zufuhr von Schilddrüsenhormonen prüfen, gehören seit über 30 Jahren zum Repertoir der nuklearmedizinischen Schilddrüsendiagnostik. Sie werden im Verlaufe der thyreostatischen Therapie dazu verwendet, eine Remission der Hyperthyreose bzw. eine Rezidivgefährdung vorherzusagen. Die Durchsicht der in jüngster Zeit zunehmenden Zahl der Publikationen ergibt, daß bei negativem Suppressionstest am Ende einer ca. einjährigen antithyreoidalen Therapie in rund 70% der Fälle mit einem Rezidiv gerechnet werden muß; bei positivem Suppressionstest beträgt die Rezidivrate nur rund 20%. Die von verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen vorgeschlagenen Untersuchungsverfahren unterscheiden sich nach Art und Dosis des verwendeten Radiopharmakons, Form und Dauer der Schilddrüsenhormon-Suppression und vor allem durch den Zeitpunkt der Speichermessung. Nach kritischer Würdigung der Literatur wird ein dem heutigen Stand der Technik entsprechendes diagnostisches Vorgehen unter Verwendung von 123J bzw. 99mTc und der computerunterstützten Gammakamera vorgeschlagen.
Investigation of the Parameters Related to the Formation of 99mTc-Pyrophosphate Complexes Using Gel Chromatography Column Scanning
Authors: Al-Janabi M. A. A. , Al-Azzawi H. M. , Abdel-Azeez M. A. A. , Al-Hissoni M. H. S. , Jassim M. N. , Shafiq Y. F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryUsing gel chromatography two different 99mTc-PPi complexes (complex I and II) were observed under various pH-values. In neutral medium complex II was the main product while in acidic or alkaline media complexesI and II were formed. Our results related to the organ distribution in mice revealed that complex IIis a bone-seeking agent whereas complex I concentrates in the kidneys.
Comparison of Renal Size as Determined by Scintigraphy and Radiography
Authors: Gyftaki E. , Pontifex G. , Binopoulos D. , Kesse-Elias M. , Mavrikakis M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe values for the apparent size of the kidneys as determined by scintigraphy and radiography were compared on 100 normal adult subjects. The values for both the long and short axes, and for the area calculated therefrom, were corrected for the radiographic magnification of images. The results of the two methods agree reasonably well but scintigraphy must be considered to be the more reliable method as it provides a more accurate estimate of the short axis of the kidney.
Investigation of Distortions in Gamma Camera Scintigraphic Pictures
Authors: Toiwinski J. , Mackiewicz H. , Siwicki H. , Tarkowski W. , Jasinski W. K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPictures of a homogenous volume source of activity registered in the memory of the analyser, show large differences in counts from channel to channel which result in picture distortions.The aim of this investigation was to develop a simple measuring test to define the degree of distortion caused by the uneven response of the scintillation camera detector.The effect of three parameters on the degree and kind of distortion in pictures obtained from a 1600-channel analyser was investigated. These parameters were: the time period between camera tunings, the activity of the source, and the number of collected data.Measurements were made with a scintillation camera Nuclear-Chicago Pho/Gamma II combined with a 1600-channel analyser.
The Diverging Collimator
Authors: Muehllehner G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe diverging collimator makes it possible to increase the field of view of a radioisotope imaging camera. The larger field of view is obtained by sacrificing efficiency per unit area of the field of view while preserving the resolution of the system. This situation is analogous to that of the scanner, where the efficiency per unit area is inversely proportional to the total area scanned.Efficiency and resolution of diverging collimators can be calculated quite accurately as is evidenced by the good agreement between calculated and measured values. The problem of septum penetration, however, needs to be further investigated for both parallel-hole as well as diverging collimators, so that the influence of the shape and arrangement of the holes upon septum penetration is taken into account.
Thyroxinbindende Beta-Globuline während einer subakuten Thyreoiditis
Authors: Bekier A. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungIm experimentellen Teil der Arbeit wird mittels Papierelektrophorese im Veronal-Natrium-Puffer bei pH 8,6 der Einfluß von wasserlöslichem Thyreoglobulin auf die 125J-Thyroxin-Verteilung unter den Serum-Protein-Fraktionen untersucht.Das Thyreoglobulin führt ähnlich wie das 125 J-Thyroxin zur Verlagerung des Aktivitäts-Maximums auf die Albumine. Eine kompetitive Verdrängung des 125 J-Thyroxins auf die Beta- oder Gamma-Globuline konnte nicht beobachtet werden.Der Einfluß der Autoimmun-Antikörper und die möglichen Ursachen der abnormalen Aktivitätsverteilung unter den Protein-Fraktionen des Serums werden diskutiert.
A Simplified Procedure for the Preparation of 131I-Labelled Sulfobromophthalein. Its Applications to Liver Scanning
Authors: Tubis Manuel , Viranuvatti Vikit , Limwongse Kasem , Suwanik Romsai 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA method of preparing 131I-labelled sulfobromophthalein is described. The method is simple and inexpensive. The labelled compound is of particular value where 99mTc-labelled preparations for liver scanning are too expensive or not readily available. It has been used as a liver scanning agent with satisfactory-results, revealing both morphological as well as functional abnormalities in various liver conditions in the same manner as 131I-labelled Rose Bengal.Its use in liver scanning has been extended to the visualization of the liver abscess cavity after intracavitary injection. The method has been used to observe the changes in size and configuration of the abscess cavity during its course of healing under medical treatment. Another extension of the work is the intraductal administration of the labelled compound viaa T-tube to demonstrate the dilatation of the biliary tract in cases of advanced opisthorchiasis.The application of the labelled compound to liver scanning is illustrated.
The Value of 67Ga Scanning in the Evaluation of Liver Involvement in Hodgkin’s Disease: Comparison with 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid
Authors: Larson Steven , Schall Gerald , Johnston S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA patient with documented Hodgkin’s disease was evaluated by a whole-body scan performed with 67Ga citrate and a liver scan performed with 99mTc sulfur colloid. The gallium study showed two areas of abnormal, positive concentration within the liver, whereas the liver scan showed only one negative defect. 67Ga scanning may be a more sensitive indicator of hepatic involvement in Hodgkin’s disease than the colloid scan, and appears useful in confirming a diagnosis of malignancy in the presence of a negative defect on the liver scan.
Zur Aktivitätsbeurteilung der fibrösen Knochendysplasie mittels Szintigraphie und Thermographie
Authors: Czitober H , Meixner M , Strassl R , Umek H 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungBei fünf Patienten mit verifizierter fibröser Knochendysplasie verschiedener Lokalisation wurden röntgenologische, szintigraphische und thermographische Befunde miteinander verglichen.Das Röntgenbild zeigt häufig einseitig lokalisierte, charakteristische Knochenveränderungen, die mit einer Asymmetrie des betreffenden Skelettabschnittes einhergehen.Diesem Befund entspricht im Szintigramm eine deutlich erhöhte Aktivitätsanreicherung, die thermographisch mit einer erhöhten Wärmeabstrahlung korreliert.Ein Stillstand des Knochenumbaues, wie er für das Erwachsenenalter gefordert wird, konnte von uns nicht beobachtet werden.Während eine Aussage über Stillstand oder Progredienz der Erkrankung röntgenologisch nur retrospektiv getroffen werden kann, bieten sich Szintigraphie und Thermographie als unspezifische Parameter zur Erfassung der Aktivität des Prozesses an.