bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the detection of supermassive primordial stars – II. Blue supergiants
Authors: Surace Marco , Zackrisson Erik , Whalen Daniel J , Hartwig Tilman , Glover S C O , Woods Tyrone E , Heger Alexander , Glover S C O 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Supermassive primordial stars in hot, atomically cooling haloes at z ∼ 15–20 may have given birth to the first quasars in the Universe. Most simulations of these rapidly accreting stars suggest that they are red, cool hypergiants, but more recent models indicate that some may have been bluer and hotter, with surface temperatures of 20 000–40 000 K. These stars have spectral features that are quite distinct from those of cooler stars and may have different detection limits in the near-infrared today. Here, we present spectra and AB magnitudes for hot, blue supermassive primordial stars calculated with the tlusty and cloudy codes. We find that photometric detections of these stars by the James Webb Space Telescope will be limited to z ≲ 10–12, lower redshifts than those at which red stars can be found, because of quenching by their accretion envelopes. With moderate gravitational lensing, Euclid and the Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope could detect blue supermassive stars out to similar redshifts in wide-field surveys.
British military women: combat exposure, deployment and mental health
Authors: Jones N , Greenberg N , Phillips A , Simms A , Wessely S 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundInternationally, women are about to undertake combat duties alongside their male colleagues. The psychological effect of this policy change is largely unknown.AimsTo explore the mental health impact of combat exposure among military women.MethodsSelf-report, between-subjects survey data were collected in Iraq and Afghanistan on four occasions between 2009 and 2014 (n = 4139). Differences in mental health, stigmatization, deployment experiences, intimate relationship impact, perception of family support levels, unit cohesion, leadership and help-seeking were compared between deployed men and women. Comparisons were repeated with the study sample stratified by level of combat exposure. Outcomes were examined using logistic regression adjusted for socio-demographic, mental health and military factors.ResultsOverall, 4.1% of women and 4.3% of men reported post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.70–2.46); 22% of women and 16% of men reported symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD) (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11–2.08). Women were less likely to report mental health-related stigmatization (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.87), negative relationship impact from deployment (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.98) and subjective unit cohesion (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90). Help-seeking for emotional problems was similar by gender (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.84–1.77). Overall, outcomes were minimally impacted by level of combat exposure.ConclusionAlthough women experienced more CMD symptoms, PTSD symptoms were similar by gender. Subject to confirmation of the study findings, women may not require enhanced mental healthcare during deployment for exposure-based conditions such as PTSD when undertaking the ground close combat role.
Prior Dengue Virus Infection Is Associated With Increased Viral Load in Patients Infected With Dengue but Not Zika Virus
Authors: Santiago Gilberto A , Sharp Tyler M , Rosenberg Eli , Sosa Cardona Iris I , Alvarado Luisa , Paz-Bailey Gabriela , Muñoz-Jordán Jorge L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To evaluate potential enhancement of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection among patients with prior dengue virus (DENV) infection, we compared loads of viral RNA among patients infected with ZIKV (n = 1070), DENV-2 (n = 312), or DENV-3 (n = 260). Compared to patients without prior DENV infection, patients with prior DENV infection had significantly higher mean loads of viral RNA if infected with DENV-2 (10.6 vs 11.6 log10 GCE/mL, respectively; t test, P &lt; .0001) or DENV-3 (10.3 vs 10.9 log10 GCE/mL; P &lt; .0001), but not ZIKV (4.7 vs 4.7 log10 GCE/mL; P = .959). These findings provide evidence against in vivo enhancement of ZIKV by anti-DENV antibodies.
Splenic sequestration crisis as an index manifestation of heterozygous hemoglobinopathy in an adult
Authors: Edo-Osagie Eseosa , Enofe Ikponmwosa , Hakeem Hisham , Rai Manoj , Adomako Emmanuel , Tismenetsky Mikhail , Janosky Maxwell 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sickle β+-thalassemia rarely manifests with acute splenic sequestration crisis in adults. We report a case of a 20-year-old female who presented with fever and left upper quadrant abdominal pain. Laboratory studies revealed hemolytic anemia. Tests for autoimmune hemolysis and hemolytic diseases were negative except for Hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis, which revealed sickle cell trait (Hb AS). Infectious workup was unremarkable. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed marked splenomegaly. The patient received blood transfusions and empiric antibiotics with no improvement; thus, splenectomy was performed. Pathology specimen revealed peripheral serpiginous infarcts alternating with surrounding acute inflammation and small capillaries plugged with sickle cell shaped red blood cells consistent with splenic sequestration. DNA test later revealed beta-globin mutations consistent with sickle cell-beta+ thalassemia. Post-splenectomy, there was a gradual improvement in her clinical symptoms with concomitant rise in Hb to 10.6 g/dl at discharge.
Drivers of nano- and microplanktonic community structure in a Patagonian tidal flat ecosystem
Authors: Saad Juan F , Narvarte Maite A , Abrameto Mariza A , Alder Viviana A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTidal flats are exceptionally dynamic coastal ecosystems. Tides are their main source of energy, whose influence decreases landwards (as land elevation increases), thus shaping physical, chemical and biological gradients. In this study, we assess whether the structure of nano- and microplankton varies along a spatial gradient in San Antonio Bay (SAB, SW Atlantic), a semi-desert coastal ecosystem with a wide tidal flat and a macrotidal regime. We hypothesize that the tidal effect shapes SAB’s both taxonomical groups and size spectrum. The seasonal sampling of 9 sites revealed that diatoms and small flagellates were the most abundant groups, together accounting for over 75% of total density in practically all sites and seasons. High densities of meroplanktonic stages of Ulva lactuca were recorded in spring at the innermost sites, accounting for over 95% of all planktonic cells. Slopes of the size spectrum analysis were in line with highly productive inshore waters (mean, −0.64) and showed that larger phytoplankton was the main contributor to total biomass, despite its decreasing importance toward inner sites. The spatial and seasonal variations found for lower trophic web compartments provide evidence of the importance of tidal transport in ruling phytoplankton structure in tidal flats under strong macrotidal regimes.
Enthesopathy and involvement of synovio-entheseal complex in systemic sclerosis: an ultrasound pilot study
Authors: Terenzi Riccardo , Karalilova Rositsa , Lepri Gemma , Bruni Cosimo , Bellando-Randone Silvia , Manetti Mirko , Romano Eloisa , Melchiorre Daniela , Blagojevic Jelena , Wang Yukai , Solanki Kamal , Moggi-Pignone Alberto , Batalov Zguro , Guiducci Serena , Batalov Anastas , Matucci-Cerinic Marco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesSSc is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and multiple internal organs. Articular involvement is one of the main features of SSc, and typical hallmarks of SpA have been found in SSc patients. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of entheseal and synovio-entheseal complex (SEC) alterations in a cohort of SSc patients.MethodsOne hundred SSc patients and 25 healthy subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. The enthesis sites of lateral epicondylar common extensor tendons (CET) and the enthesis of the Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesis Scoring System were evaluated. SEC involvement was evaluated only at CET enthesis.ResultsIn SSc, the Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesis Scoring System score was significantly higher (median 4.0, interquartile range 2.0–7.0) than in controls (median 1.0, interquartile range 0.0–3.0) (P < 0.0001). CET enthesis of SSc patients showed more frequent US B-mode alterations than that of controls (χ2 = 11.47, P = 0.0007 for size; χ2 = 13.79, P = 0.0002 for cortical irregularity, χ2 = 5.24, P = 0.022 for calcification/enthesophytes). Power Doppler US signal at CET enthesis was significantly more frequent in SSc patients than in healthy controls (χ2 = 9.11, P = 0.0025), as was the concomitant SEC involvement (χ2 = 8.52, P = 0.0035).ConclusionThese data show that SSc patients frequently present US features of enthesopathy. Moreover, CET enthesopathy was correlated with SEC inflammation, suggesting that entheseal inflammation in SSc may share the same micro-anatomical targets as found in SpA.
Right ventricular dimension index by cardiac magnetic resonance for prognostication in connective tissue diseases and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Abe Nobuya , Kato Masaru , Kono Michihito , Fujieda Yuichiro , Ohira Hiroshi , Tsujino Ichizo , Oyama-Manabe Noriko , Oku Kenji , Bohgaki Toshiyuki , Yasuda Shinsuke , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with CTD is a heterogeneous condition affected by left heart disease, chronic lung disease and thromboembolism as well as pulmonary vascular disease. Recent studies using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) have shown that right ventricular dysfunction is predictive for mortality in patients with PH, but limited to pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aimed to analyse prognostic factors in PH-CTD.

Methods
This retrospective analysis comprised 84 CTD patients, including SSc, who underwent both CMR and right heart catheterization from 2008 to 2018. Demographics, laboratory findings, and haemodynamic and morphological parameters were extracted. The prognostic value of each parameter was evaluated by multivariate analysis using covariables derived from propensity score to control confounding factors.

Results
Of 84 patients, 65 had right heart catheterization-confirmed PH (54 pulmonary arterial hypertension, 11 non-pulmonary arterial hypertension). Nine out of these PH patients died during a median follow-up period of 25 months. In 65 patients with PH, right ventricular end-diastolic dimension index (RVEDDI) evaluated by CMR was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08–1.46; P = 0.003). In a receiver operating characteristic analysis, RVEDDI highly predicted mortality, with area under the curve of 0.87. The 0.5–2-year follow-up data revealed that RVEDDI in both survivors and non-survivors did not significantly change over the clinical course, leading to the possibility that an early determination of RVEDDI could predict the prognosis.

Conclusion
RVEDDI simply evaluated by CMR could serve as a significant predictor of mortality in PH-CTD. A further validation cohort study is needed to confirm its usability.
Teachingwiththe Test: Experimental Evidence on Diagnostic Feedback and Capacity Building for Public Schools in Argentina
Authors: de Hoyos Rafael , Ganimian Alejandro J , Holland Peter A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the impact of two strategies for using large-scale assessment results to improve school management and classroom instruction in the province of La Rioja, Argentina. In the study, 104 public primary schools were randomly assigned to three groups: a diagnostic-feedback group, in which standardized tests were administered at baseline and two follow-ups and results were made available to schools; a capacity-building group, in which workshops and school visits were conducted; and a control group, in which tests were administered at the second follow-up. After two years, diagnostic-feedback schools outperformed control schools by 0.33 standard deviations (σ) in mathematics and 0.36σ in reading. In fact, feedback schools still performed 0.26σ better in math and 0.22σ better in reading in the national assessment a year after the end of the intervention. Additionally, principals at feedback schools were more likely to use assessment results in making management decisions, and students were more likely to report that their teachers used more instructional strategies and to rate their teachers more favorably. Combining feedback with capacity building does not seem to yield additional improvements, but this could be due to schools assigned to receive both components starting from lower learning levels and participating in fewer workshops and visits than expected.
Coronal Flexion Versus Coronal Neutral Sonographic Views in Infantile DDH: An Important Source of Variability
Authors: Meza Blake C. , Nguyen Jie C. , Jaremko Jacob L. , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Ultrasound (US) is the preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis and treatment of infantile developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Currently accepted indices that distinguish normal from dysplastic hips in the coronal plane include percent femoral head coverage (FHC), α angle, and β angle. Recent data suggests that significant user and interscan variability may exist for these metrics. Less studied, however, is potential variability because of patient positioning, specifically coronal flexion versus coronal neutral views. The purpose of this study was to compare standard DDH indices between coronal US views with hips in flexion versus neutral positions, for hips of varying DDH severity.

Methods:
This retrospective study included normal infants and those treated for different severities of DDH. Coronal flexion and coronal neutral US images from the same study were evaluated at diagnosis, early treatment, start of weaning, and treatment resolution. FHC, α, and β angles were measured on both views at each time point and compared. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability assessments were performed for all metrics.

Results:
Among the 168 hips in this study (45 normals, 45 Ortolani positive, 17 Barlow positive, and 61 stable dysplasia), median FHC was significantly lower in coronal flexion compared with coronal neutral for normals and all 3 severities of DDH at each time point (mean decrease 8.4%; range 5.5% to 10.9%; P<0.01). Alpha angle also decreased on coronal flexion views, observed for all hip types, but only at certain time points (mean decrease 3.3 degrees; range 0 to 7.5 degrees; P<0.01 to 0.35). β angles demonstrated less variability between views, but also had poor reliability.

Conclusions:
Coronal flexion and coronal neutral views demonstrated significant differences in FHC and α angle across a spectrum of DDH severities and treatment time points. Flexion views may represent a “baby Barlow” test, revealing subtle instability as evidenced by the significant and consistent decrease in FHC across all hips. Indices measured in flexion, therefore, may represent more stringent criteria for defining normal hips.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—diagnostic study.
Phase I Study of Sorafenib and Vorinostat in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gordon Sarah W. , McGuire William P. , Shafer Danielle A. , Sterling Richard K. , Lee Hannah M. , Matherly Scott C. , Roberts John D. , Bose Prithviraj , Tombes Mary B. , Shrader E. Ellen , Ryan Alison A. , Kmieciak Maciej , Nguyen Tri , Deng Xiaoyan , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Dent Paul , Poklepovic Andrew S. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Preclinical data suggest histone deacetylase inhibitors improve the therapeutic index of sorafenib. A phase I study was initiated to establish the recommended phase 2 dose of sorafenib combined with vorinostat in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:
Patients received vorinostat (200 to 400 mg by mouth once daily, 5 of 7 d) and sorafenib at standard or reduced doses (400 mg [cohort A] or 200 mg [cohort B] by mouth twice daily). Patients who received 14 days of vorinostat in cycle 1 were evaluable for dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).

Results:
Sixteen patients were treated. Thirteen patients were evaluable for response. Three patients experienced DLTs, 2 in cohort A (grade [gr] 3 hypokalemia; gr 3 maculopapular rash) and 1 in cohort B (gr 3 hepatic failure; gr 3 hypophosphatemia; gr 4 thrombocytopenia). Eleven patients required dose reductions or omissions for non-DLTtoxicity. Ten patients (77%) had stable disease (SD). The median treatment duration was 4.7 months for response-evaluable patients. One patient with SD was on treatment for 29.9 months, and another patient, also with SD, was on treatment for 18.7 months. Another patient electively stopped therapy after 15 months and remains without evidence of progression 3 years later.

Conclusions:
Although some patients had durable disease control, the addition of vorinostat to sorafenib led to toxicities in most patients, requiring dose modifications that prevented determination of the recommended phase 2 dose. The combination is not recommended for further exploration with this vorinostat schedule in this patient population.
Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma: A SEER Database Analysis
Authors: Sandhu Neelam , Sauvageau Andrew P. , Groman Adrienne , Bogner Paul N. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma is a rare dermal neoplasm usually arising from the pilar smooth muscle. It is considered a relatively indolent neoplasm, and there is debate whether designation as sarcoma is appropriate. Owing to some conflicting data in the literature, however, its behavior warrants further clarification.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical behavior and demographic and pathologic characteristics of cutaneous leiomyosarcoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was used to collect data on cutaneous leiomyosarcoma and 2 reference populations: cutaneous angiosarcoma (aggressive) and atypical fibroxanthoma (indolent). Demographic and oncologic characteristics were examined, and overall survivals (OS) and disease-specific survivals were compared.

RESULTS
Leiomyosarcoma and atypical fibroxanthoma displayed lower stage (localized: 69.7% and 66.8% respectively), smaller size (<3 cm: 90.5% and 72%), and lower rates of disease-specific mortality (2.9% and 7.8%) compared with angiosarcoma. Patients with leiomyosarcoma had a 5-year disease-specific survival rate of 98% and OS rate of 85%.

CONCLUSION
Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma shows outcomes similar to atypical fibroxanthoma. It is nearly always indolent and should be distinguished from more aggressive cutaneous and subcutaneous sarcomas. Clear communication of the biologic potential may be best achieved using alternate diagnostic terminology such as “atypical intradermal smooth-muscle neoplasm.”
Sexual functioning in 4,418 postmenopausal women participating in UKCTOCS: a qualitative free-text analysis
Authors: Harder Helena , Starkings Rachel M.L. , Fallowfield Lesley J. , Menon Usha , Jacobs Ian J. , Jenkins Valerie A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Sexual well-being can contribute significantly to the overall quality of women's lives. This qualitative study aimed to examine sexual activity, functioning, and satisfaction in a large sample of postmenopausal women from the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS)

Methods:
Thematic analysis was used to evaluate the free-text data of the Fallowfield Sexual Activity Questionnaire (FSAQ) completed by UKCTOCS participants at baseline before annual screening.

Results:
A total of 24,305 women completed the baseline FSAQ and 4,525 (19%) provided free-text data, with 4,418 comments eligible for analysis. Median age was 64 years; 65% had a partner and 22.5% were sexually active. Four interrelated themes were derived: partner availability, physical and sexual health, mental well-being, and interpersonal relationships. Primary reason for absence of sexual activity was lack of a partner, mainly due to widowhood (n = 1,000). Women discussed how partner's medical condition (27%) or sexual dysfunction (13.5%), their own physical health (18%) or menopause-related symptoms (12.5%), and prescribed medication (7%) affected sexual activity. Impact of low libido in self (16%) or partner (7%), relationship problems (10.5%) or logistics (6%), and perceptions of ageing (9%) were also mentioned. Few (3%) referred to positive sexual experiences or had sought medical help for sexual problems (6%).

Conclusions:
This qualitative analysis explored postmenopausal women's perspective on their sexual functioning. Having an intimate partner and good physical health are key factors for continuation of sexual activity and satisfaction. Further sexual education for healthcare professionals is needed to raise awareness about sexuality and sexual difficulties in later life.

Video Summary: Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MENO/A426.
Gonioscopy-assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy in a Pediatric Patient With Steroid-induced Glaucoma
Authors: Hopen Michael L. , Gallardo Mark J. , Grover Davinder 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of successful intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after a 360-degree gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) using the iTrack catheter in a patient with steroid-induced glaucoma as a result of treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Materials and Methods:
Case report.

Results:
An 8-year-old male individual with a long-standing history of VKC, treated with topical steroids, developed elevated IOP and glaucoma in the right eye despite maximum topical glaucoma therapy. Reducing the steroid was not a viable option given the severity of VKC. A 360-degree GATT was successfully performed and IOP has been maintained off all glaucoma drops.

Conclusions:
GATT is a viable option for steroid-induced glaucoma in the pediatric population. This obviates the need for riskier, more invasive conjunctival-based procedures.