bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARBAMAZEPINE LOADED VESICULAR STRUCTURES FOR ENHANCED BRAIN TARGETING VIA INTRANASAL ROUTE: OPTIMIZATION, IN VITRO EVALUATION, AND IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: YASSIN GHADA E. , AMER REHAM I. , FAYEZ AHMED M. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used as a first line in the treatment of grand mal and partial seizures, but it suffers from many side effects on different systems of the body. The objective of the present study was optimization of CBZ vesicular structures using 23 multifactorial design for the most efficient targeting of CBZ to the brain via the intranasal route.
Methods: The concentration of CBZ (10 and 20%), type of vesicles (niosomes and spanlastics) and speed of rotation (200 and 300 rpm) were considered as the independent variables XA, XB and XC respectively, while the dependent variables were particle size PS (Y1), polydispersity index PDI (Y2), zeta potential ZP (Y3) and entrapment efficiency EE (Y4). The study of the effect of different formulation variables was carried out using Design-Expert ® software. CBZ-loaded spanlastics and noisome were prepared by the ethanol injection method and thin film hydration method, respectively. The optimized formulation was subjected to viscosity measurement, in vitro drug release and physical stability studies. In vivo evaluations in rats for the optimized formulation in comparison to oral CBZ suspension was carried out using behavioral assessment by elevated plus maze test, determination of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ELISA estimation of TNFα.
Results: The selected optimized formulation (F0) containing 20% CBZ and spanlastic vesicular structure showed PS, PDI, ZP, and the EE % of 350.09 nm, 0.830, 16.124mV and 82.777%, respectively. In vitro release study of F0 demonstrated the ability of the F0 to increase drug release in the range time from 10-60 min (p<0.05) when compared with CBZ suspension. The viscosity of F0 was nearly uniform (65 cps). The photomicrograph taken by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the spherical shape of F0. Good physical stability for six months of storage at 25˚ C was found for F0. The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 showed a decrease in latency time in behavior assessment test using elevated plus Maze test, a decrease in serum eNOS and TNF-α and increase in GSH when compared with the oral CBZ suspension, in addition to the histopathological study that revealed the more CBZ uptake by the brain.
Conclusion: The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 achieved better results when compared with the oral CBZ suspension for targeting the CBZ spanlastics vesicular structure to the brain via the nasal route.
LC-MS/MS METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CARDIAZOL IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: DRAPAK IRYNA , ZIMENKOVSKY BORYS , PEREKHODA LINA , KOVALENKO SERGIY , Logoyda Liliya 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to develop a simple, precise, rapid and accurate method for the quantification of cardiazol in human plasma.
Methods: Chromatography was achieved on Discovery C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm column. Samples were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A (acetonitrile-water–formic acid, 5: 95: 0.1 v/v), eluent B (acetonitrile–formic acid, 100: 0.1 v/v)). The initial content of the eluent B of 8%, which increases linearly to 1.0 min to 100%, is maintained up to 1.5 min and returned to the original 8% to 1.51 min. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.400 ml/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The sample volume was 300 μl.
Results: The total chromatographic run time was 2.5 min and the elution of cardiazol and IS (difenoconazole) occurred at ~2.15 and 1.98 min, respectively. A linear response function was established at 1-100 ng/ml for cardiazol and difenoconazole in human plasma. The % mean recovery for cardiazol in LQC, MQC and HQC was 102.8 %, 100.3 % and 95.9 %. The lowest concentration with the RSD<20% was taken as LLOQ and was found to be 1.10 ng/ml for cardiazol. The % accuracy of LLOQ samples prepared with the different biological matrix lots was found 109.7 %, which were found within the range of 80.00-120.00 % for the seven different plasma lots. % CV for LLOQ samples was observed as 11.9 %, which are within 20.00% of the acceptance criteria.
The within-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.311 % and 0.601 % for cardiazol. The within-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 99.80 % and 100.41 % for cardiazol. The between-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.332 % and 0.615 % for cardiazol. The between-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.18 % and 101.21 % for cardiazol.
Conclusion: A rapid method was developed for simultaneous determination of cardiazol in human plasma. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH guidelines. Acquired results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for routine examination of cardiazol in human plasma.
PREPARATION, EVALUATION AND STABILITY OF LAMIVUDINE LOADED ALGINATE-TAMARIND MUCILAGE MICROSPHERES
Authors: Gada Santosh , Y. ANANDKUMAR , SETTY C. MALLIKARJUNA 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the possibility of obtaining a controlled, relatively constant effective level of lamivudine microspheres.
Methods: Lamivudine loaded sodium alginate (SA) and tamarind mucilage(TM) mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation technique with three different proportions of SA and TM with different concentrations of CaCl2. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for drug loading, particle size distribution, surface morphology, FTIR, in vitro wash off, in vitro release and stability studies.
Results: The microspheres were found to be free flowing having diameter ranging from 769.22 to 978.56 µm, drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE) was found to be 65.28 to 92.33%. Percent drug release after 12 h were ranging from 85±1.51 to 97±1.44. In vitro release profile of all formulations shows slow controlled release up to 12 h. In vitro wash off studies shown fairly good mucoadhesivity with 20% microspheres adhered after 6h. Stability studies showed that no significant change in particle size and maximum DEE in comparison to the formulation stored at room temperature.
Results: The lamivudine loaded SA-TM mucoadhesive microspheres can be conveniently prepared which showed better result and it may be used full for controlling the drug release and improve the bioavailability.
Design of Expert System for Early Identification for Suspect Bullying On Vocational Students by Using Dempster Shafer Theory
Authors: Okmayura Finanta , Effendi Noverta 
Published: July 2019

Bullying is negatif agresif character to cover and hurt someone physically or physicology continoustly to act hard to other people who is lower than him. Some parents ignore this problem because of unknowing about the result of this problem that give negative effect to their children and other people. This system will identificate early the begining bullying character for teenager by knowing the kinds of the bullying character base on rate of presentation of higest quartel who has bullying character. This system designed by using Dempster-hafer teory to know the begining of bullying character by using basic knowledge and forward chaining technic to know more about basic knowledge. Counting of this metodh by combining some symptoms that happen on children by calculating the possibillity disturbing by rating the symptoms from 0 to 1. Implementation of this system use PHP program and My SQL database. The black box trial on the consultation modul is done by using 12 instruments of tria and found error value 0,88 % on the system and result of the trial expert system have suitable accuration 84 % , so we can conclude that this expert system for early identification for suspect bullying on teenager good for use.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Android Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Ditinjau Dari Motivasi
Authors: Vilmala Berry Kurnia , Mundilarto Mundilarto 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to (1) produce an android-based Physics learning media on static fluids materials for senior high school students, (2) know whether the android-based Physics learning media is able to improve the students cognitive learning achievement viewed from the motivation. This study is kind of Research and Development. The product of the development was applied in the experiment class, while the conventional learning was applied in the control class. This study used quasi experiment method by applying the nonequivalent control-group design. This study consisted of (1) planning, (2) designing the product, and (3) developing the product. The study results of this research were that android-based physics learning media is rated good by the materials experts, media experts, Physics teachers, colleagues, and students, and stated as appropriate to be used implemented as physics learning media. Then the research concluded that the Android-based Physics learning media is not able to improve the cognitive learning achievement viewed from the learning motivation.
Delays to Diagnosis and Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Taylor William , Ingamells Nathan , Morris Sean , Subramonian Kesavapillai 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is rare in comparison to urothelial carcinoma of the bladder or renal cell carcinoma. UTUC may present with loin pain, haematuria or alternatively can be identified as an incidental finding on imaging. There are often delays to diagnosis as haematuria clinics are efficient for bladder and renal cancer but less effective for UTUC. The diagnosis and treatment of UTUC is more challenging, as it often requires two operations and multiple MDT discussions. Diagnosis must be certain to avoid unnecessary radical surgery. We found that our patients were experiencing significant delays to definitive surgery. Our patients currently follow the pathway for bladder and renal cancer, as there is no UTUC pathway at or trust or published in the literature. We audited our diagnostic pathway to see how we could tailor the pathway to be more effective for patients with UTUC. This will ensure that more patients will meet the NHS 62-day targets. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of patients management pathway from December 2008 to December 2018. Patients were identified by the pathological code for UTUC. Results A total of 62 patients underwent nephroureterectomy during a 10-year period. 48 patients were analysed. The median waiting time for haematuria clinic from referral was 21days, a further 73 days to ureterorenoscopy and biopsy, and then 14 days to definitive nephroureterectomy. Only one patient met the NHS 62-day treatment target. Our waiting times are comparable with other published international series. We have implemented a new UTUC pathway to streamline the diagnosis and management of UTUC. Some patients with UTUC will still have inevitable delays as diagnosis can be very challenging but this new pathway should improve the patient journey and reduce the waiting times significantly.
Analisis Penyebab dan Perbaikan Vibrasi Pada Fin Fan Blower F1-Ek-9-D1 Milik PT. Badak LNG Bontang
Authors: Anoi Yano Hurung , Yani Ahmad , Seto Bayu Asmoro 
Published: July 2019

Fin Fan Cooler merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam Unit Purifikasi karena fungsinya untuk mendinginkan lean amine sebelum diumpankan menuju menara absorber. Fin Fan Cooler selalu dipantau secara rutin, apabila terjadi kelainan atau kerusakan harus segera diperbaiki secepat mungkin. Parameter seperti getaran, temperatur, dan tekanan harus terus diperhatikan karena dari parameter tersebut dapat mempresentasikan kinerja Fin Fan Cooler. Fin Fan Blower merupakan salah satu komponen utama pada Fin Fan Cooler. Identifikasi permasalahan pada Fin Fan Blower harus dilakukan dengan cepat dan tepat agar perbaikan dapat segera dilaksanakan. Jika ada Fin Fan Blower yang mengalami masalah, maka akan mempengaruhi kerja Fin Fan Cooler dan mengakibatkan turunnya kualitas produksi dan perusahaan akan mengalami kerugian. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penelitian lapangan. Hasil analisa data vibrasi dari penyebab vibrasi pada fin fan blower F1-EK-9D1 PT. Badak LNG Bontang, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat keadaan abnormal pada bagian pulley dan belt yang mengakibatkan misalignment sehingga terjadinya vibrasi yang tinggi dan setelah dilakukan predictive maintenance fin fan blower terjadi penurunan fibrasi 70% dari sebelum dilakukan predictive maintenance atau pengecekan vibrasi peralatan secara berkala.Kata Kunci: Analisis, vibrasi, fin fan blower F1-EK-9D1
Sectoral determinants of sub-federal budget tax revenues: Russian case study
Authors: Malkina Marina , Balakin Rodion 
Published: July 2019

Research background: The research is based on the assumption that the sectoral structure of economy has a significant impact on the level and dynamics of sub-federal budget tax revenues. It distinguishes the following sectoral determinants of tax revenues in regions: the levels of tax return and tax absorption, inflation and economic growth in various economic activities.
Purpose of the article: We aimed at assessment of contribution of economic activities and their determinants to the increase in tax revenues of sub-federal budgets of the Russian Federation in 2011?2015 compared to 2006?2010.
Methods: Development of a four-factor additive-multiplicative model of the tax revenue formation in regions, application of the proportional and logarithm methods of factor analysis to assessment of contribution of various activities and their determinants to increase in tax revenues of sub-federal budgets, evaluation of inter-regional inequality of tax revenues growth based on the weighted coefficient of variation, and decomposition of this inequality using the A. Shorrocks technique.
Findings & Value added: We identified activities that made the largest contribution to the increase in tax revenues of the Russian sub-federal budgets. We found that the inflation factor had a predominant positive effect on the growth of tax revenues, while the contribution of the economic growth factor was 4 times less; however, the situation in various activities differed significantly. Generally, changes of sectoral levels of tax return and tax absorption influenced negatively the regional tax revenues. In addition, they moved in opposite direction in the regions. Ultimately, the uneven change in tax returns and price levels in the mining and manufacturing activities of Russian regions made the greatest contribution to inter-regional inequality of the growth of sub-federal budgets tax revenues.
Intra-market commonality in liquidity: new evidence from the Polish stock exchange
Authors: Olbryś Joanna 
Published: July 2019

Research background: Empirical market microstructure research has recently shifted its focus from the examination of liquidity of individual securities towards analyses of the common determinants and components of liquidity. The identification of commonality in liquidity emerged as a new and fast growing strand of the literature on liquidity. However, the results around the world are ambiguous and rather depend on a specific stock market.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to explore intra-market commonality in liquidity on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) by using daily proxies of six liquidity estimates: percentage relative spread, percentage realized spread, percentage price impact, percentage order ratio, modified turnover, and modified version of the Amihud measure. The sample covers a period from January 2005 to December 2016. The database contains the group of eighty-six WSE-listed companies.
Methods: The research hypothesis that there is commonality in liquidity on the Polish stock market is tested. The OLS with the HAC covariance matrix estimation and the GARCH-type models are employed to infer the patterns of liquidity co-movements on the WSE. Moreover, because the sample period is quite long, the stability of the empirical results by time period is examined. Seven 6-year time windows are utilized in the study.
Findings & Value added: The regression results reveal weak evidence of co-movements in liquidity on the WSE, regardless of the choice of the liquidity proxy. Furthermore, the robustness tests based on the time rolling-window approach do not unambiguously support the research hypothesis that there is commonality in liquidity on the Polish stock market. To the best of the author?s knowledge, the empirical findings presented here are novel and have not been reported in the literature thus far.
«¡Linda burla! La risa en el teatro clásico», de la Compañía Nacional de Teatro Clásico (CNTC)
Authors: Marcos Rodríguez Emma María 
Published: July 2019

Reseña del libro de la Compañía Nacional de Teatro Clásico ¡Linda burla! La risa en el teatro clásico (Cuadernos de Teatro Clásico, 33, Madrid, Instituto Nacional de las Artes Escénicas y de la Música [INAEM], 2018).
PERSEPSI PERAWAT INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT TERKAIT HAMBATAN DAN PERILAKU SUPORTIF DALAM PELAKSANAAN PERAWATAN END OF LIFE
Authors: Ariyanti Santi , Emaliyawati Etika , Mirwanti Ristina 
Published: July 2019

The high mortality rate in Emergency Department (ED) is consistent with the high demand for end of life (EOL) care. However, ED work system required to life saving quickly and precisely often makes EOL care is not working optimally.The purpose of this study was to determine nurses’perceptions in emergency departments related to obstacles and supportive behaviors (SB) in providing EOL care to dying patients. Descriptive-quantitative method was used with cross-sectional approach in 50 nurses Emergency Department at one of the tertiary hospitals in Indonesia. The samples were chosen using the total sampling technique. Data collection used the emergency nurse perceptions of end of life care questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis in the form of distribution, frequency, and mean. The result of the study showed that the main obstacles in EOL care were: ED nurses’ work loads (10.626), intra-family disagreements (9,802), and dealing with angry family members (9.472). The three main perceptions in supportive behaviors were teaching families how to act (11.962), allowing family members adequate time with the patient after patient died (11.09), and good collaboration from paramedics personnel (10.886. It can be conclude that nurses facing obstacles in taking care end-of-life patients. Based on this research, further studies are needed to minimize obstacles and improve supportive behaviors related to the nurse's workload, the provision of spiritual teams, special training for nurse and the provision of special rooms for EOL patients and their families.
Podcast sebagai Alternatif Distribusi Konten Audio
Authors: Fadilah Efi , Yudhapramesti Pandan , Aristi Nindi 
Published: July 2019

The proliferation of Internet has been another warning bell for conventional broadcast radio. Numbers of listener gradually shift to the new mean of media as it is more attractive and convenient for users. The situation drives radio managers to adapt with various ways. Developing audio podcast is among the strategy that has been growing in the United States and various countries in Europe, but not yet quite popular in Indonesia. Whereas the potential audience is quite large, since the growing number of commuters and fact that about 30% of total population is categorized as auditory learner. For such reason, this library research is conducted to explore the opportunities for audio podcast to develop in Indonesia, as well as content analysis of some of the most successful podcast provider sites. The results show that audio podcast optimization strategy includes the development of podcast materials with appropriate approach and content distribution with audience’s needs, wants, and ways of consuming audio content; as well as the compatibility of the content with the character and orientation of the media. In addition, this effort must also be accompanied by intensive campaigns through various way.
EXPLORING THE USE OF MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS IN CORPUS OF CONTEMPORARY OF AMERISCAN ENGLISH (COCA)
Authors: Sujatna Meita Lukitawati , Sujatna Eva Tuckyta Sari , Pamungkas Kasno 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This paper deals with the frequent use of modal auxiliary verbs in Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). The modal auxiliary modal verbs mentioned as the data are can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, and must. Each data collected are taken from Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA) in https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/. The research method is descriptive analysis; the present writers describe every data related to their function in each clause. The uses of corpus-based findings of this study have shown several valuable insights. Firstly, the frequency and ranked order of modal auxiliary verbs found in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) has been revealed. From the nine modal auxiliary verbs that classified into ‘central modals’, it is collected 6,008,840 data. From the total number mentioned, the verb would (1,301,269) is the most frequently used, then it is followed by the verb can (1,228,608), will (1,118,515), could (885,835), may (494,144), should (435,903), might (300,258), must (223,936), and shall (20,372). Secondly, this study has revealed the elements following each of modal auxiliry verbs found in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). This is the important information on the use of modal auxiliary verbs and their structure in real language.Abstrak. Tulisan ini mengenai frekwensi penggunaan verba bantu modal pada Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). Verba bantu modal yang digunakan sebagai data adalah can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, dan must. Setiap data yang digunakan, dikumpulan dari pada Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA) pada https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/. Metode penelitian yang digunakan di dalam riset ini adalah metode deskriptif; para peneliti menggambarkan setiap data yang berhubungan dengan fungsi pada setiap klausa. Penggunaan korpus di dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa hal. Pertama, menggambarkan frekwensi dan urutan penggunaan verba bantu modal di dalam Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). Dari sembilan verba bantu modal yang dikelompokkan ke dalam ‘central modals’ terkumpul 6.008.840 data. Dari keseluruhan data yang terkumpul, verba bantu would (1,301,269) sebagai verba bantu yang paling sering digunakan, diikuti oleh verba bantu modal can (1,228,608), will (1,118,515), could (885,835), may (494,144), should (435,903), might (300,258), must (223,936), dan shall (20,372). Kedua, tulisan ini juga mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur yang mengikuti verba bantu modal yang digunakan di dalam Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). Hal ini merupakan informasi penting mengenai penggunaan verba bantu modal dan strukturnya di dalam pengunaan bahasa yang sebenarnya.
Design and Development of Credit Scoring Model for Conventional Banks for Individual Borrowing Case Study on PT BPR Sungai Puar District Agam
Authors: Hendriadi Rio , Putri Anne , Amelia Dona , Syafrina Rany 
Published: July 2019

Objective – This research is conducted to design and to develop credit scoring model on conventional bank in order to determine individual loan, the research takes place in PT BPR Sungai Puar, Kabupaten Agam. This model tries to evaluate the credit risk of BPR Sungai Puar.Design/methodology – The data are considered as secondary sources as they are taken from BPR Sungai Puar database by classifying them into two analysis tools including discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Results – The resuts are presentes inform of model and credit scoring perfection on PT BPR Sungai Puar Kabupaten Agam.Keywords Credit Scoring Model, Conventional Banks, Individual Loan