bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penser l’éducation au temps de l’anthropocène : conditions de possibilités d’une culture de l’engagement
Authors: Lange Jean-Marc , Kebaïli Sonia 
Published: April 2019

L’entrée du monde contemporain dans l’anthropocène imposerait au monde de l’éducation de participer aux changements en cours en vue de permettre aux publics, dans leur diversité culturelle et géopolitique, de relever les défis qui en résultent. Il s’agirait alors de mettre l’école au service de la transformation sociétale au moyen d’une culture de l’engagement. Dans le monde francophone, ces changements éducatifs prennent la forme des « éducations à », ensemble de parcours éducatifs qui visent l’engagement des jeunes et le développement de compétences transversales en vue de la durabilité. Pour autant, ces éducations ne sont pas en soit la source d’une transformation vertueuse de l’Ecole mise au service de celle, tout autant vertueuse, d’une transformation sociétale : tout dépend des finalités retenues. Si nous retenons le principe d’un engagement fondé sur la libre expression des choix individuels et collectifs, il y a alors besoin de réfléchir aux conditions de possibilité d’un tel projet. Cet article vise à discuter sur un plan épistémologique et curriculaire ces conditions en tant que « balises curriculaires » permettant de penser ces parcours éducatifs.
Quelles balises curriculaires en éducation à la prospective territoriale durable ? Valeurs d’émancipation et finalités d’implications politiques des jeunes dans les études de cas en géographie
Authors: Barthes Angela , Blanc-Maximin Sylviane , Dorier Elisabeth 
Published: April 2019

Les projets d’éducations au développement durable (Lange, 2012, 2017, Barthes, 2017) ou aux territoires (Dussault, 2017, Hucy, 2017) offrent des opportunités éducatives à finalités émancipatrices et citoyennes. Nous proposons la construction de repères puis d’outils d’évaluation aux enseignants impliqués dans les « éducations à » sous forme de balises curriculaires. Il s’agit de favoriser une prise en charge collective des affaires publiques (polis) des jeunes sans verser dans les normalisations comportementales individuelles. Les balises curriculaires prennent appui sur le cadre épistémologique des « éducations à », celui de la pensée critique, et sur une adaptation du socle commun de connaissances de compétences et de culture (MEN, 2015). Nous examinons 88 projets de prospectives territoriales (592 élèves) effectuées dans 19 classes de Lycée (Dorier, Rouquier, Valegeas, 2017). Les résultats portent sur les capacités des élèves à problématiser, repérer les enjeux sociaux, se positionner face à une polis cohérente (Audigier, 2017), adopter une posture critique. Les questionnements se posent très différemment par rapport aux problématiques soulevées habituellement en didactique des disciplines. Quelle place pour les savoirs scientifiques ? Quels rapports aux territoires de proximités qui s’invitent à l’école, aux temporalités passées et futures (Vergnolle-Mainar, 2017). Quelle conscience des enjeux de durabilité pour penser l’avenir de manière créative (Pache, Hertig, Curnier, 2016) ? Que permet la confrontation au terrain concret ? Nous postulons que renouer avec les rapports de force réels entre les usages et les acteurs d’un territoire concret est très éloigné du « commun » instrumental (de nature antipolitique) du curriculum caché de l’EDD (Barthes, 2018). L’élève face à un problème concret et avec les balises curriculaires accroit son appréhension du politique et donc d’action citoyenne.
Le régime technoculturel : une écologie culturelle entre incertitudes et responsabilités
Authors: Octobre Sylvie 
Published: April 2019

Le régime technoculturel des réseaux numériques provoque de profondes transformations des statuts de récepteurs, consommateurs, créateurs et médiateurs, dans un contexte de globalisation de la culture, transformations particulièrement sensibles chez les jeunes. Ce régime technoculturel valorise des savoir-faires liés à l’usage des dispositifs socio-techniques numériques mais aussi des savoir-êtres et des faire-savoirs, qui forgent une nouvelle figure d’amateur, le pro-amateur, dotés de compétences bien réelles. Ces mutations invitent à repenser les linéaments des apprentissages, entre éducation buissonnière et éducation par les institutions, dans une perspective triplement critique : de la globalisation, du capitalisme émotionnel et de la prolifération des messages de natures variables.
A New IRF-1–Driven Apoptotic Pathway Triggered by IL-4/IL-13 Kills Neonatal Th1 Cells and Weakens Protection against Viral Infection
Authors: Miller Mindy M. , Barik Subhasis , Cattin-Roy Alexis N. , Ukah Tobechukwu K. , Hoeman Christine M. , Zaghouani Habib 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Early life immune responses are deficient in Th1 lymphocytes that compromise neonatal vaccination. We found that IL-4 and IL-13 engage a developmentally expressed IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heteroreceptor to endow IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) with apoptotic functions, which redirect murine neonatal Th1 reactivation to cell death. IL-4/IL-13–induced STAT6 phosphorylation serves to enhance IRF-1 transcription and promotes its egress from the nucleus. In the cytoplasm, IRF-1 can no longer serve as an anti-viral transcription factor but, instead, colocalizes with Bim and instigates the mitochondrial, or intrinsic, death pathway. The new pivotal function of IRF-1 in the death of neonatal Th1 cells stems from the ability of its gene to bind STAT6 for enhanced transcription and the proficiency of its protein to precipitate Bim-driven apoptosis. This cytokine-induced, IRF-1–mediated developmental death network weakens neonatal Th1 responses during early life vaccination and increases susceptibility to viral infection.
Local Attachment Explains Small World–like Properties of Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Networks in Lymph Nodes
Authors: Soekarjo Kasper M. W. , Textor Johannes , de Boer Rob J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form a cellular network that serves as the structural backbone of lymph nodes and facilitates lymphocyte migration. In mice, this FRC network has been found to have small-world properties. Using a model based on geographical preferential attachment, we simulated the formation of a variety of cellular networks and show that similar small-world properties robustly emerge under such natural conditions. By estimating the parameters of this model, we generated FRC network representations with realistic topological properties. We found that the topological properties change markedly when the network is expanded from a thin slice to a three-dimensional cube. Typical small-world properties were found to persist as network size was increased. The simulated networks were very similar to two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattice networks. According to the used metrics, these lattice networks also have small-world properties, indicating that lattice likeness is sufficient to become classified as a small-world network. Our results explain why FRC networks have small-world properties and provide a framework for simulating realistic FRC networks.
Prioritization of Diversity During the Residency Match: Trends for a New Workforce
Authors: Dinh Julie V. , Salas Eduardo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
The medical community has been paying increasing attention to diversity. Nascent research suggests that the physician workforce may be experiencing value shifts in this area.

Objective
This study aims to understand how residency applicant perspectives toward diversity may be evolving.

Methods
The National Resident Matching Program surveys all applicants regarding factors they consider important when ranking residency programs. Survey data from 2008–2017 were analyzed for changes in respondent perceptions of cultural, racial, and ethnic diversity of geographic location (geographic diversity) and cultural, racial, ethnic, and gender diversity at the destination institution (institutional diversity). We calculated weighted averages and visualized: percentage of respondents citing diversity as a factor when applying for interviews; and mean applicant ratings of diversity when ranking programs, using a 5-point scale (1, not important, to 5, extremely important).

Results
Respondents at 5 time points ranged from 13 156 to 16 575, with response rates from 42.4% to 58.5%. Between 2008 and 2017, the percentage of applicants citing diversity as a consideration when applying to interview increased from 27.8% to 33.2% for geographic diversity and from 22.3% to 33.8% for institutional diversity. Applicants' mean ratings of importance of diversity when ranking programs increased from 2.7 to 4.2 for geographic diversity and from 2.4 to 4.2 for institutional diversity.

Conclusions
Over the past 9 years and across specialties, a growing percentage of applicants are considering geographic and institutional diversity when applying to interview at residency programs. Applicants report that both forms of diversity are increasingly important when ranking programs.
A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study of Dermoscopy in various Nail Diseases at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Chatterjee Manas , Neema Shekhar , Rathod Dipali , Makhecha Meena Bhaskar , Singh Tishya 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionNail diseases may often possess a challenge for the treating dermatologist, as they may primarily be affected without any skin involvement and sometimes may present with subtle changes which can be easily missed by the naked eye. The macroscopic nail changes can be assessed very well with a naked eye, however, the important minutiae may be assessed with a dermoscope.AimTo study the characteristic dermoscopic findings in various nail diseases.Materials and methodsA total of 250 patients (males-130, females-120) with clinically evident nail diseases were enrolled in this cross-sectional descriptive study. After a thorough clinical examination, patients were subjected to dermoscopic examination of all 20 nails. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (in a very few patients of nail diseases) were used for statistical analysis, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.ResultsNail psoriasis (n = 45) was the commonest nail disease found in which the most common dermoscopic feature was circular punctate depressions (64.5%). Onychomycosis (n = 40) was the next common disease in which yellowish discoloration (100%) was commonly seen in all patients and rough scaly surface (100%) in the total dystrophic type. In pitted keratolysis (n = 19) transverse brown bands (57.9%) were most commonly seen as was the case in eczemas. Lichen planus (n = 14) was associated with longitudinal fissuring (64.3%) most commonly. Trachyonychia (n = 5) was associated with longitudinal fissuring (100%) in all cases. The most common dermoscopic feature of alopecia areata (n = 4) was circular punctate depressions (75%). Systemic scleroderma (n = 4) typically showed giant capillaries (75%) as the most common feature.ConclusionA meticulous search with the dermoscope, furnishes minuscule details of the nail unit that can be diagnostic of several nail diseases at an early stage before dystrophy sets in. However, further studies are required to validate these findings.Clinical significanceDermoscopy is a noninvasive complementary tool which aids in diagnosis of nail diseases more quickly and can also be used for monitoring the evolution, therapeutic response, and prognosis of these diseases.How to cite this articleRathod D, Makhecha MB, Chatterjee M, Singh T, Neema S. A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study of Dermoscopy in various Nail Diseases at a Tertiary Care Center. Int J Dermoscop 2017;1(1):11-19.
Onychoscopy: An Overview
Authors: Singal Archana , Jakhar Deepak 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTOnychoscopy is the examination of nail and its components with the help of a dermatoscope. It is a noninvasive, painless, cost-effective, and reproducible office procedure. The enhanced andin vivomagnified visualization offered by onychoscopy helps us to identify various features not seen on naked eye examination. So onychoscopy serves as an interface between histological and clinical examination.How to cite this articleSingal A, Jakhar D. Onychoscopy: An Overview. Int J Dermoscop 2017;1(2):41-49.
Checklist for Nailfold Capillaroscopy Findings in Systemic Sclerosis: ABCDEGH
Authors: Balakrishnan Nirmal 
Published: April 2019

How to cite this articleNirmal B. Checklist for Nailfold Capillaroscopy Findings in Systemic Sclerosis: ABCDEGH. Int J Dermoscop 2017;1(2):54-55.
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) BY CATIONIC SURFACTANTS AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS EFFECT ON THE PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER (NR) NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Roy Kumarjyoti , Sikdar Debdas , Mandal Swapan Kumar , Debnath Subhas Chandra 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the reinforcing effects of both unmodified and surface modified nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the cure, mechanical, and thermal properties of natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites. The surface of nano TiO2 is modified by cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB). The surface modification of nano TiO2 is characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The result reveals that surface modified nano TiO2 is much more efficient in improving the resulting properties of NR nanocomposites in comparison with unmodified nano TiO2. The excellent improvement in the properties of surface modified nano TiO2/NR composites is due to the better hydrophobicity and uniform dispersion of modified nano TiO2 within the NR matrix, as confirmed from morphological analysis. CTAB is much more effective than TEAB with respect to the properties of nano TiO2 based NR composites.
Basal cell carcinoma: variation in invasion depth by subtype, sex, and anatomic site in 4,565 cases
Authors: Pyne John H. , Myint Esther , Barr Elizabeth M. , Clark Simon P. , Hou Ruihang 
Published: April 2019

Background: The depth of invasion by basal cell carcinoma (BCC) subtypes varies.
Objective: To investigate BCC invasion depth variation by subtype and anatomic site.
Method: A prospective consecutive case series of excised BCC from 2009 to 2014 in a single Australian clinic.
Results: Descending mean depths for a total of 4,565 BCC cases by subtype were as follows: nodulocystic, 1.9 mm (n = 84, 95% CI: 1.70–2.03, P = 0.66); nodular, 1.6 mm (n = 947, 95% CI: 1.53–1.63, P < 0.0001); aggressive, 1.5 mm (n = 925, 95% CI: 1.44–1.59, P < 0.0001); superficial combined with nodular, 0.9 mm (n = 1,081, 95% CI: 0.83-0.90, P < 0.0001); and superficial, 0.3 mm (n = 1,528, 95% CI: 0.32-0.36, P < 0.0001). Deeper invasion was associated with increased chronic sunlight exposed sites. The deepest aggressive BCCs occurred on the neck with a mean depth of 1.8 mm (n = 46, 95% CI:1.47–2.21).
Conclusion: We found significant differences in the depth of invasion for BCCs by sex, subtype, and anatomic site. For BCC with characteristics matching this study, overall adequate microscopic excision depths are proposed: superficial, 1.0 mm; superficial combined with nodular, 2.0 mm; nodular, 3.0 mm; and aggressive, 3.0 mm.
Degree of differentiation of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comparison between a Swedish cohort of organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients
Authors: Stenman Caroline , Gonzalez Helena , Gillstedt Martin , Dellgren Göran , Hasséus Bengt , Holmberg Erik , Rexius Helena , Öhman Jenny , Paoli John 
Published: April 2019

Background: Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have a very high risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Immunosuppressed OTRs may have a higher proportion of poorly differentiated cSCC than non-OTRs.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of differentiation of cSCCs in OTRs compared with immunocompetent individuals.
Patients/Methods: Data from the Swedish Cancer Registry were crosschecked with data from the Transplant registry of the Transplant Institute at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. All OTRs with a diagnosis of cSCC, basosquamous carcinoma, and/or cSCC in situ established at the Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, during 2002-2015 were included. The control group consisted of non-OTRs with the same diagnoses during the same time period.
Results: During 2002-2015, 82 OTRs diagnosed with 515 tumors and 883 non-OTRs with 1,247 tumors were included. OTRs developed 0.47 tumors/year vs 0.10 tumors/year for non-OTRs, but no significant differences were observed in the degree of tumor differentiation of invasive cSCCs between OTRs and non-OTRs (P = 0.4). The distribution of poorly, moderately, and well-differentiated invasive cSCCs among OTRs and non-OTRs were 8.5% vs 12.5%, 22.1% vs 29.9%, and 69.4% vs 57.6%, respectively.
Conclusions: OTRs do not develop a higher proportion of poorly differentiated cSCCs than non-OTRs.
Los procesos matemáticos en la práctica docente: análisis de la fiabilidad de un cuestionario de evaluación
Authors: Maurandi López Antonio , Alsina Ángel , Coronata Segure Claudia 
Published: April 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis de la fiabilidad interna de un cuestionario que ha sido construido para evaluar la presencia de los procesos matemáticos en las prácticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Una vez validado el instrumento mediante juicio de expertos en un estudio previo, 20 expertos evaluadores administran el instrumento a 95 maestros de colegios de Educación Infantil y Primaria de la Comunidad de Murcia (España). Los datos obtenidos han sido analizados con el paquete estadístico R versión 3.1.0 sobre una plataforma i686-pc-linux-gnu (32-bit). El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, basado en puntuaciones estandarizadas, muestra que la consistencia interna es buena (coeficiente alfa medio .789 en Infantil y .86 en Primaria), siendo el valor más bajo el correspondiente al proceso “representación” en Educación Infantil, con un valor de .74, que puede valorarse también como una consistencia interna aceptable.
This article presents the results of an internal reliability analysis of a questionnaire designed to evaluate the presence of mathematical processes in the practices used to teach and learn mathematics. After validating the instrument by means of expert judgement in a prior study, 20 expert evaluators administered the instrument to 95 teachers of preschool and primary education in the Community of Murcia (Spain). The data obtained was analysed with the R-3.1.0 statistical package on an i686-pc-linux-gnu (32-bit) platform. Based on standardised scores, the Cronbach alpha shows a good level of internal consistency (median alpha coefficient .789 for Preschool and .86 for Primary), with the lowest level corresponding to the process of “representation” in preschool, with a value of .74, which is still considered to be an acceptable level of internal consistency.
POREĐENJE KINETIKE PRENOSA MASE ISTO-STRUJNOG I PROTIV-STRUNOG PROCESA OSMOTSKE DEHIDRATACIJE SVINJSKOG MESA
Authors: Filipović Vladimir , Lončar Biljana , Nićetin Milica , Knežević Violeta , Ačansk Marijana , Šuput Danijela 
Published: April 2019

Postupak osmotske dehidratacije se sastoji od potapanja biološkog materijala, sa određenim sadržajem vode, u koncentrovane vodene rastvore koji sadrže osmotske agense (osmotski rastvor), pri čemu dolazi do prenosa dela mase vode iz ćelijskog materijala u osmotski rastvor. Jedna od mogućnosti povećanja efikasnosti procesa osmotske dehidratacije je primena protivstrujnog procesa. Praćenje kinetike prenosa mase može da se koristi za procenu efikasnosti procesa osmotske dehidratacije, a primena protivstrujog procesa u osmotskoj dehidrataciji značajno povećava kinetiku prenosa mase u procesu, što dovodi do povećanja sveukupne efikasnost procesa osmotske dehidratacije.Cilj istraživanja je uporedna analiza kinetike prenosa mase u isto-strujnom i protiv-strujnom procesu osmotske dehidratacije svinjskog mesa u tri različita osmotska rastvora.Vreme trajanja procesa i priroda primenjenog osmotskog rastvora su statistički značajno uticali na gubitak vode, prirast suve materije i smanjenje mase u oba tipa procesa.Vrednosti parametara brzine gubitka vode i brzine smanjenja mase u svakom satu procesa i u oba tipa procesa, bile su najviše za R3, zatim za R2, a najmanje vrednosti za R1, dok je za brzinu prirasta suve materije zavisnost obrnuta.Sa protokom vremena trajanja procesa dolazi do većeg razblaženja osmotskih rastvora u istrostrujnim procesima, bržeg pada vrednosti brzine gubitka vode i brzine smanjenja mase i manjeg pada istih vrednosti u protivstrujnim procesima za sva tri osmotska rastvora, tako da do kraja petog sata sve vrednosti brzine smanjenja mase u protivstrujnim procesima su veće od odgovarajućih vrednosti u istrostrujnim procesima
Validation ofPlasmodium falciparumdeoxyhypusine synthase as an antimalarial target
Authors: Aroonsri Aiyada , Posayapisit Navaporn , Kongsee Jindaporn , Siripan Onsiri , Vitsupakorn Danoo , Utaida Sugunya , Uthaipibull Chairat , Kamchonwongpaisan Sumalee , Shaw Philip J. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundHypusination is an essential post-translational modification in eukaryotes. The two enzymes required for this modification, namely deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and deoxyhypusine hydrolase are also conserved.Plasmodium falciparumhuman malaria parasites possess genes for both hypusination enzymes, which are hypothesized to be targets of antimalarial drugs.MethodsTransgenicP. falciparumparasites with modification of the PF3D7_1412600 gene encodingPfDHS enzyme were created by insertion of theglmSriboswitch or the M9 inactive variant. ThePfDHS protein was studied in transgenic parasites by confocal microscopy and Western immunoblotting. The biochemical function ofPfDHS enzyme in parasites was assessed by hypusination and nascent protein synthesis assays. Gene essentiality was assessed by competitive growth assays and chemogenomic profiling.ResultsClonal transgenic parasites with integration ofglmSriboswitch downstream of thePfDHS gene were established.PfDHS protein was present in the cytoplasm of transgenic parasites in asexual stages. ThePfDHS protein could be attenuated fivefold in transgenic parasites with an active riboswitch, whereasPfDHS protein expression was unaffected in control transgenic parasites with insertion of the riboswitch-inactive sequence. Attenuation ofPfDHS expression for 72 h led to a significant reduction of hypusinated protein; however, global protein synthesis was unaffected. Parasites with attenuatedPfDHS expression showed a significant growth defect, although their decline was not as rapid as parasites with attenuated dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) expression.PfDHS-attenuated parasites showed increased sensitivity toN1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane, a structural analog of spermidine, and a known inhibitor of DHS enzymes.DiscussionLoss ofPfDHS function leads to reduced hypusination, which may be important for synthesis of some essential proteins. The growth defect in parasites with attenuatedPfDHS expression suggests that this gene is essential. However, the slower decline ofPfDHS mutants compared withPfDHFR-TS mutants in competitive growth assays suggests thatPfDHS is less vulnerable as an antimalarial target. Nevertheless, the data validatePfDHS as an antimalarial target which can be inhibited by spermidine-like compounds.