bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming and CO2 enrichment modified the ecophysiological responses of Dahurian larch and Mongolia pine during the past century in the permafrost of northeastern China
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Zhao Liangju , Voelker Steven , Xu Guobao , Zeng Xiaomin , Zhang Xuanwen , Zhang Lingnan , Sun Weizhen , Zhang Qiuliang , Wu Guoju , Li Xiaoqin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Tree-ring δ13C and δ18O of dominant Dahurian larch and Mongolia pine in the permafrost region of the northern Great Higgnan Mountains, China were used to elucidate species-specific ecophysiological responses to warming temperatures and increasing CO2 over the past century. Larch and pine stable carbon discrimination (Δ13C) 13C and δ18O in tree rings both showed synchronous changes during the investigated period (1901–2010), but with species-specific isotopic responses to atmospheric enriched CO2 and warming. Tree-ring Δ13C and δ18O were controlled by both maximum temperature and moisture conditions (precipitation, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit), but with different growth periods (Δ13C in June–July and δ18O in July–August, respectively). In addition, stable isotopes of larch showed relatively greater sensitivity to moisture deficits than pine. Climatic conditions from 1920 to 1960 strongly and coherently regulated tree-ring Δ13C and δ18O through stomatal conductance. However, climatic-sensitivities of tree-ring Δ13C and δ18O recently diverged, implying substantial adjustments of stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and altered water sources over recent decades, which reveal the varied impacts of each factor on tree-ring Δ13C and δ18O over time. Based on expected changes in leaf gas-exchange, we isolated the impacts of atmospheric CO2 and climate change on intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) over the past century. Higher intracellular CO2 in pine than larch from 1960 onwards suggests this species may be more resilient to severe droughts in the future. Our data also illustrated no weakening of the iWUE response to increasing CO2 in trees from this permafrost region. The overall pattern of CO2 enrichment and climate impacts on iWUE of pine and larch were similar, but warming increased iWUE of larch to a greater extent than that of pine over recent two decades. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of considering how leaf gas-exchange responses to atmospheric CO2 concentration influence species-specific responses to climate and the alteration of the hydrological environment in forests growing in regions historically dominated by permafrost that will be changing rapidly in response to future warming and increased CO2.
Effect of a Perioperative Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rocha Ferreira Graziela Santos , de Almeida Juliano Pinheiro , Landoni Giovanni , Vincent Jean Louis , Fominskiy Evgeny , Gomes Galas Filomena Regina Barbosa , Gaiotto Fabio A. , Dallan Luís Oliveira , Franco Rafael Alves , Lisboa Luiz Augusto , Palma Dallan Luis Roberto , Fukushima Julia Tizue , Rizk Stephanie Itala , Park Clarice Lee , Strabelli Tânia Mara , Gelas Lage Silvia Helena , Camara Ligia , Zeferino Suely , Jardim Jaquelline , Calvo Arita Elisandra Cristina Trevisan , Caldas Ribeiro Juliana , Ayub-Ferreira Silvia Moreira , Costa Auler Jose Otavio , Filho Roberto Kalil , Jatene Fabio Biscegli , Hajjar Ludhmila Abrahao 
Published: May 2018

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump use in high-risk cardiac surgery patients.

Design:
A single-center randomized controlled trial and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Setting:
Heart Institute of São Paulo University.

Patients:
High-risk patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery.

Intervention:
Patients were randomized to receive preskin incision intra-aortic balloon pump insertion after anesthesia induction versus no intra-aortic balloon pump use.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of 30-day mortality and major morbidity (cardiogenic shock, stroke, acute renal failure, mediastinitis, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and a need for reoperation). A total of 181 patients (mean [sd] age 65.4 [9.4] yr; 32% female) were randomized. The primary outcome was observed in 43 patients (47.8%) in the intra-aortic balloon pump group and 42 patients (46.2%) in the control group (p = 0.46). The median duration of inotrope use (51 hr [interquartile range, 32–94 hr] vs 39 hr [interquartile range, 25–66 hr]; p = 0.007) and the ICU length of stay (5 d [interquartile range, 3–8 d] vs 4 d [interquartile range, 3–6 d]; p = 0.035) were longer in the intra-aortic balloon pump group than in the control group. A meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials confirmed a lack of survival improvement in high-risk cardiac surgery patients with perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump use.

Conclusions:
In high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the perioperative use of an intra-aortic balloon pump did not reduce the occurrence of a composite outcome of 30-day mortality and major complications compared with usual care alone.
Longitudinal study of advanced practice nurses' implementation of screening intervals for cervical cancer screening
Authors: Cappiello Joyce D. , Boardman Maureen 
Published: May 2018

Background and purpose:The past two decades brought changes in cervical cancer screening guidelines. Frequent modifications and earlier lack of agreement about recommendations created confusion. The purpose of this study was to explore to what extent advanced practice nurses (APNs) adopted cervical cancer screening guidelines.Methods:A longitudinal survey of 358 APNs conducted in three New England states regarding cervical cancer screening practices in 2008, 2012, and 2015.Conclusions:Advanced practice nurses are incorporating guidelines at a high rate. Advanced practice nurses found it easier to incorporate guidelines to delay screening until the age of 21 years, to discontinue screening after total hysterectomy for benign reasons, and to discontinue screening at the age of 65 years. In 2012, 15% of APNs were screening women aged 21–29 years every 3 years; by 2015, this rate rose to 72%. By 2015, half of APNs were screening low-risk women aged 30–64 every 5 years. Because screening practices changed, APNs questioned the need to perform screening pelvic and breast examinations. Advanced practice nurses no longer perform screening pelvic examinations (93%) or breast examinations (75%) in adolescents.Implications for practice:Some APNs indicated that office-based practice standards are barriers to adherence to guidelines. Advanced practice nurses need to be involved in practice committees to ensure that evidence guides practice decisions.
Attitudes and perceptions about cigarette smoking among nonsmoking high school students
Authors: Hanson Mary Jane S. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To explore the association between cigarette smoking intention and attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control as identified by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in a cohort of nonsmoking teenagers.

Methods:
A convenience sample of 76 nonsmoking students from a rural Northeastern Pennsylvania high school completed a self-administered questionnaire based on the TPB, which included cigarette smoking behavior, intention, and the direct measures of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.

Conclusions:
Regression analyses demonstrated that all three independent variables (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) contributed significantly to the respondents' intention to not smoke cigarettes, accounting for 64% of the variance. These findings may have implications for promoting nonsmoking behavior.

Implications for practice:
This is the first study to examine the efficacy of the TPB in predicting the intention to not smoke in a cohort of all nonsmokers. The intention to not smoke was significantly correlated with the respondents' negative general attitudes toward cigarette smoking, belief that significant others would disapprove of their cigarette smoking, and positive tobacco refusal self-efficacy. Understanding the factors associated with nonsmoking behavior in teenagers is important information for nurse practitioners, as we develop strategies to encourage and reinforce cigarette smoking abstinence.
Screening for childhood adversity among adult primary care patients
Authors: Kalmakis Karen A. , Shafer Mary B. , Chandler Genevieve E. , Aponte Elizabeth V. , Roberts Susan J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Over half of Americans reports a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which have been associated with many chronic health conditions. Yet primary care providers infrequently screen patients for ACEs and fail to consider the relationship between ACEs and adult health. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to test the effectiveness and feasibility of a screening interview for ACEs and to confirm the prevalence of ACEs among individuals with chronic health conditions.

Methods:
Screening interviews were conducted with 71 adults in a primary care setting. Patients' ACE history, nurse practitioner comfort with screening, time to screen, and patient follow-up care recommendations were gathered through questionnaires. Adverse childhood experience prevalence was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Relationships between ACEs, number of clinic visits, time to screen, and follow-up care recommendations were analyzed by bivariate statistics.

Conclusions:
Over half of participants reported more than four ACEs, with ACEs common among participants with chronic health conditions (93%). Adverse childhood experience scores were positively correlated with number of clinic visits, time to screen, and recommendations for follow-up care. Findings support screening primary care patients for ACEs.

Implications for practice:
Adverse childhood experiences are prevalent among primary care patients with chronic conditions. Using interviews to screen for ACEs in primary care settings is effective and feasible.
A return to harmful alcohol consumption impacts on portal hemodynamic changes following alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Spahr Laurent , Goossens Nicolas , Furrer Flavie , Dupuis Melissa , Vijgen Sandrine , Elkrief Laure , Giostra Emiliano , Rubbia-Brandt Laura , Frossard Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2018

Background
Increased hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) plays a role in the clinical manifestations of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). The evolution of HVPG and the influence of alcohol use in the intermediate term are unclear.

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore HVPG modifications following AH taking into consideration alcohol use and clinical manifestations.

Patients and methods
Patients with AH (n=37; age 52 years; model for end-stage liver disease: 18.5; Maddrey score: 43) and chronic excessive drinkers with compensated cirrhosis (n=19; age: 54 years; model for end-stage liver disease: 9.2) underwent HVPG measurement and liver biopsy. Ten long-standing abstinent alcoholic cirrhotics served as controls. After discharge, patients were monitored for alcohol use and clinical complications, with repeated HVPG after a median duration of 100 days. Inflammation was determined using plasma C-reactive protein.

Results
At baseline, compared with chronic excessive drinkers and alcoholic cirrhotics, patients with AH had increased HVPG (18.1±0.6 vs. 13.8±1.4 vs. 15±1.3 mmHg, P<0.05). During follow-up, patients who became abstinent or reported occasional drinking were more likely to achieve a greater than 20% reduction in HVPG compared with those returning to harmful alcohol (45 vs. 0%, P<0.01), and suffered from fewer complications (25 vs. 68%, P<0.03). High baseline C-reactive protein levels correlated to the Maddrey (r=0.38), but no relationship was observed between changes in inflammation and HVPG.

Conclusion
Elevated HVPG is a feature of AH, with a clinically significant reduction in values in abstinent or occasional drinkers after weeks of follow-up. A return to harmful alcohol has a negative impact on portal hemodynamics and associated clinical complications.
Neuroinvasive Listeriosis
Authors: Diker Sevda , Okar Serhat , Mehdikhanova Lale , Arsava Ethem Murat , Kurne Asli , Çevik Işin Ünal , Akyön Yakut , Alp Şehnaz , İnkaya Çağkan , Akova Murat , Mut Melike , Göçmen Rahşan , Oğuz Kader Karli , Topçuoğlu Mehmet Akif 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:Listeria monocytogenes–related central nervous system infections may involve the cerebral parenchyma. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are the most commonly seen forms and mainly affect immunocompromised patients; however, a less frequent form, rhombencephalitis, can occur in otherwise healthy people. Early treatment with appropriate antibiotic therapy is crucial for this otherwise fatal disorder. However, it is not always possible to rapidly establish the diagnosis because of varying presentations and discrepancies in diagnostic tests.Case Report:Herein we report 3 cases of listerial infections involving the central nervous system parenchyma, with versatile diagnostic challenges and related possible solutions and radiologic hints to overcome similar issues in the future.Conclusions:We point out the importance of nonconventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the diagnosis, as we detected petechial hemorrhages in the brain parenchyma in all cases, which can be a diagnostic clue.
Analysis of Risk Factors in Patients With Peripheral Vertigo or Central Vertigo
Authors: Wang Yunlin , Liu Jing , Cui Zhijie , Yan Lili , Si Jianping 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
This study was aimed to determine risk factors for central vertigo (CV) in patients with isolated vertigo accompanied by hearing loss or not.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with CV or peripheral vertigo (PV) who were admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and July 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent thorough physical examination with detailed medical histories recorded, including smoking, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke history. Logistic regression estimated odds ratio (OR) of the risk factors.

Results:
Eighty-seven patients were enrolled into the study, including 41 cases of CV and 46 cases of PV. There was significant difference in sex, age above 60, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and stroke history between the 2 groups. The patients without any risk factors did not have CV. The risk for CV in the patients with ≥3 risk factors was greater (OR, 11.43; 95% confidence interval, 3.27-39.93; P<0.001) than the patients with 1 risk factor. The risk for CV in the patients with 2 risk factors was similar (OR, 0.833; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-4.28; P=0.825) to the patients with 1 risk factor.

Conclusion:
The patients with isolated vertigo (accompanied by hearing loss or not) and 3 or more risk factors are at higher risk for CV. They should have a comprehensive neurological examination and be closely followed up.
Association of Academic Physiatrists Women’s Task Force Report
Authors: Silver Julie K. , Cuccurullo Sara J. , Ambrose Anne Felicia , Bhatnagar Saurabha , Bosques Glendaliz , Fleming Talya K. , Frontera Walter R. , Karimi Danielle Perret , Oh-Park Mooyeon , Sowa Gwendolyn , Visco Christopher , Weiss Lyn , Knowlton Tiffany 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Association of Academic Physiatrists (AAP) convened a women's task force in 2016, and the members agreed on a list of metrics that would permit retrospective data review pertaining to the representation and inclusion of women physicians in the society. Examples of categories examined included leadership positions (i.e., board membership, board presidents, committee membership, committee chairs, and resident fellow physician chairs), conference presentations (i.e., annual meeting session proposals, annual meeting faculty, annual meeting plenary speakers), and recognition awards (i.e., recognition award nominations and recipients). The findings highlight areas in which the Association of Academic Physiatrists has been successful in supporting gender equity and other areas in which women physiatrists have been underrepresented. The task force worked with the Board of Trustees to construct an action plan, asking the respective committees to address areas of underrepresentation. A volunteer from each committee was deemed a “diversity steward” and going forward will work directly with the task force as a liaison to document an action plan and collect data. The board plans to transparently report progress to members and other stakeholders, and the task force aims to publish a follow-up report within the next 5 years.
S100A8/A9 mediate the reprograming of normal mammary epithelial cells induced by dynamic cell-cell interactions with adjacent breast cancer cells
Authors: Jo Seol Hwa , Heo Woo Hang , Quan Mingji , Hong Bok Sil , Kim Ju Hee , Lee Han-Byoel , Han Wonshik , Park Yeonju , Lee Dong-Sup , Kwon Nam Hoon , Park Min Chul , Chae Jeesoo , Kim Jong-Il , Noh Dong-Young , Moon Hyeong-Gon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo understand the potential effects of cancer cells on surrounding normal mammary epithelial cells, we performed direct co-culture of non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial MCF10A cells and various breast cancer cells. Firstly, we observed dynamic cell-cell interactions between the MCF10A cells and breast cancer cells including lamellipodia or nanotube-like contacts and transfer of extracellular vesicles. Co-cultured MCF10A cells exhibited features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and showed increased capacity of cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, and 3-dimensional sphere formation. Transcriptome analysis and phosphor-protein array suggested that several cancer-related pathways are significantly dysregulated in MCF10A cells after the direct co-culture with breast cancer cells. S100A8 and S100A9 showed distinct up-regulation in the co-cultured MCF10A cells and their microenvironmental upregulation was also observed in the orthotropic xenograft of syngeneic mouse mammary tumors. When S100A8/A9 overexpression was induced in MCF10A cells, the cells showed phenotypic features of directly co-cultured MCF10A cells in terms ofin vitrocell behaviors and signaling activities suggesting a S100A8/A9-mediated transition program in non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. This study suggests the possibility of dynamic cell-cell interactions between non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells that could lead to a substantial transition in molecular and functional characteristics of mammary epithelial cells.
PepN is a non-essential, cell wall-localized protein that contributes to neutrophil elastase-mediated killing ofStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Nganje Charmaine N. , Haynes Scott A. , Qabar Christine M. , Lent Rachel C. , Bou Ghanem Elsa N. , Shainheit Mara G. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae(Spn) is an asymptomatic colonizer of the human nasopharynx but can also cause invasive diseases in the inner ear, meninges, lung and blood. Although various mechanisms contribute to the effective clearance ofSpn, opsonophagocytosis by neutrophils is perhaps most critical. Upon phagocytosis,Spnis exposed to various degradative molecules, including a family of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) that are stored within intracellular granules. Despite the critical importance of NSPs in killingSpn, the bacterial proteins that are degraded by NSPs leading toSpndeath are still unknown. In this report, we identify a 90kDa protein in a purified cell wall (CW) preparation, aminopeptidase N (PepN) that is degraded by the NSP, neutrophil elastase (NE). Since PepN lacked a canonical signal sequence or LPxTG motif, we created a mutant expressing a FLAG tagged version of the protein and confirmed its localization to the CW compartment. We determined that not only is PepN abona fideCW protein, but also is a substrate of NE in the context of intactSpncells. Furthermore, in comparison to wild-type TIGR4Spn, a mutant strain lacking PepN demonstrated a significant hyper-resistance phenotypein vitroin the presence of purified NE as well as in opsonophagocytic assays with purified human neutrophilsex vivo. Taken together, this is the first study to demonstrate that PepN is a CW-localized protein and a substrate of NE that contributes to the effective killing ofSpnby NSPs and human neutrophils.IMPORTANCENeutrophils are innate immune cells needed to effectively clearStreptococcus pneumoniae(Spn). Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are important for killing phagocytosedSpn, however, the identity of theSpnproteins that are degraded by NSPs are unknown. This study identifies aSpncell wall protein, aminopeptidase N (PepN) that is degraded by the NSP, neutrophil elastase (NE). We demonstrate that PepN is abona fidecell wall protein and mutants lacking PepN are significantly more resistant than wild-type to killing by purified NE and human neutrophils. This study demonstrates that PepN is a NE substrate and its degradation contributes to effectiveSpnkilling. By better understanding how neutrophils killSpn, we aim to inform the development of improved therapeutic interventions.
A single N1- methyladenosine on the large ribosomal subunit rRNA impacts locally its structure and the translation of key metabolic enzymes
Authors: Sharma Sunny , Hartmann Johannes David , Watzinger Peter , Klepper Arvid , Peifer Christian , Kötter Peter , Lafontaine Denis LJ , Entian Karl-Dieter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe entire chemical modification repertoire of yeast ribosomal RNAs and the enzymes responsible for it have recently been identified. Nonetheless, in most cases the precise roles played by these chemical modifications in ribosome structure, function and regulation remain totally unclear. Previously, we demonstrated that yeast Rrp8 methylates m1A645of 25S rRNA in yeast. Here, using mung bean nuclease protection assays in combination with quantitative RP-HPLC and primer extension, we report that 25S/28S rRNA ofS. pombe,C. albicansand humans also contain a single m1A methylation in the helix 25.1. We characterized nucleomethylin (NML) as a human homolog of yeast Rrp8 and demonstrate that NML catalyzes the m1A1322methylation of 28S rRNA in humans. Ourin vivostructural probing of 25S rRNA, using both DMS and SHAPE, revealed that the loss of the Rrp8-catalyzed m1A modification alters the conformation of domain I of yeast 25S rRNA causing translation initiation defects detectable as halfmers formation, likely because of incompetent loading of 60S on the 43S-preinitiation complex. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the yeastΔrrp8mutant strain using 2D-DIGE, revealed that loss of m1A645impacts production of specific set of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, translation and ribosome synthesis. In mouse, NML has been characterized as a metabolic disease-associated gene linked to obesity. Our findings in yeast also point to a role of Rrp8 in primary metabolism. In conclusion, the m1A modification is crucial for maintaining an optimal 60S conformation, which in turn is important for regulating the production of key metabolic enzymes.