bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of digital recording of edentulous jaw relations using a handheld scanner and specially designed headgear
Authors: Li Weiwei , Xie Qiufei , Wang Yong , Sun Yuchun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present study aimed to establish and evaluate a method for recording edentulous jaw relations digitally without occlusal bases, using a handheld scanner and specially designed headgear. The headgear maintained the mandibular position. Ten edentulous patients’ upper (U) and lower edentulous jaw models (L) were prepared and scanned. A handheld scanner was used to capture the labial alveolar ridge mucosa relations in the upper and lower anterior arches directly (Dr). U and L were registered to Dr (test group). Complete dentures of patients in the intercuspal position were used to construct the relationship between U and L (control group). Differences in jaw relations in the test and control groups, in terms of vertical difference, displacement and rotation of the anterior and posterior, and displacement and rotation of the left and right were assessed using the Hotelling’s T2test. The differences in the mean values and the mean of the absolute values of the jaw relations between groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.331) and significant (P = 0.016), respectively. Our findings show that it is possible to make digital recording of edentulous jaw relations by using a handheld scanner and headgear.
High genomic diversity of multi-drug resistant wastewater Escherichia coli
Authors: Mahfouz Norhan , Caucci Serena , Achatz Eric , Semmler Torsten , Guenther Sebastian , Berendonk Thomas U. , Schroeder Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWastewater treatment plants play an important role in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. They provide a hot spot for exchange of resistance within and between species. Here, we analyse and quantify the genomic diversity of the indicator Escherichia coli in a German wastewater treatment plant and we relate it to isolates’ antibiotic resistance. Our results show a surprisingly large pan-genome, which mirrors how rich an environment a treatment plant is. We link the genomic analysis to a phenotypic resistance screen and pinpoint genomic hot spots, which correlate with a resistance phenotype. Besides well-known resistance genes, this forward genomics approach generates many novel genes, which correlated with resistance and which are partly completely unknown. A surprising overall finding of our analyses is that we do not see any difference in resistance and pan genome size between isolates taken from the inflow of the treatment plant and from the outflow. This means that while treatment plants reduce the amount of bacteria released into the environment, they do not reduce the potential for antibiotic resistance of these bacteria.
Terahertz and infrared characteristic absorption spectra of aqueous glucose and fructose solutions
Authors: Song Chao , Fan Wen-Hui , Ding Ling , Chen Xu , Chen Ze-You , Wang Kai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the terahertz (THz) and infrared (IR) characteristic absorption spectra of aqueous glucose solutions and aqueous fructose solutions with different concentrations were measured and studied. The absorption spectra of these two molecules in solid-state and in aqueous solutions were compared and analyzed, the significant effect of molecular adjacent environment on the molecular structure and vibrational mode was revealed. In addition, the THz and IR absorption spectra of these two isomers’ aqueous solutions were also compared and explored. No obvious differences were found from their IR absorption features measured at room temperature, while their THz absorption spectra do have the differences, indicating THz characteristic absorption spectra more suitable for the detection and identification of aqueous glucose and fructose solutions. The results are helpful to understand the influence of aqueous solutions environment on the molecular structures and vibrational modes of the materials, and also provide a theoretical reference for the quantum chemical calculation of biological macromolecules.
Investigating Holocene human population history in North Asia using ancient mitogenomes
Authors: Kılınç Gülşah Merve , Kashuba Natalija , Yaka Reyhan , Sümer Arev Pelin , Yüncü Eren , Shergin Dmitrij , Ivanov Grigorij Leonidovich , Kichigin Dmitrii , Pestereva Kjunnej , Volkov Denis , Mandryka Pavel , Kharinskii Artur , Tishkin Alexey , Ineshin Evgenij , Kovychev Evgeniy , Stepanov Aleksandr , Alekseev Aanatolij , Fedoseeva Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Somel Mehmet , Jakobsson Mattias , Krzewińska Maja , Storå Jan , Götherström Anders 
Published: June 2018

AbstractArchaeogenomic studies have largely elucidated human population history in West Eurasia during the Stone Age. However, despite being a broad geographical region of significant cultural and linguistic diversity, little is known about the population history in North Asia. We present complete mitochondrial genome sequences together with stable isotope data for 41 serially sampled ancient individuals from North Asia, dated between c.13,790 BP and c.1,380 BP extending from the Palaeolithic to the Iron Age. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences and haplogroup data of these individuals revealed the highest genetic affinity to present-day North Asian populations of the same geographical region suggesting a possible long-term maternal genetic continuity in the region. We observed a decrease in genetic diversity over time and a reduction of maternal effective population size (Ne) approximately seven thousand years before present. Coalescent simulations were consistent with genetic continuity between present day individuals and individuals dating to 7,000 BP, 4,800 BP or 3,000 BP. Meanwhile, genetic differences observed between 7,000 BP and 3,000 BP as well as between 4,800 BP and 3,000 BP were inconsistent with genetic drift alone, suggesting gene flow into the region from distant gene pools or structure within the population. These results indicate that despite some level of continuity between ancient groups and present-day populations, the region exhibits a complex demographic history during the Holocene.
Experimentally derived model shows that adaptation acts as a powerful spatiotemporal filter of visual responses in the rat collicular neurons
Authors: Bytautiene Juntaute , Baranauskas Gytis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdaptation of visual responses enhances visual information processing mainly by preserving the full dynamic range of neuronal responses during changing light conditions and is found throughout the whole visual system. Although adaptation in the primate superior colliculus neurons has received much attention little is known about quantitative properties of such adaptation in rodents, an increasingly important model in vision research. By employing single unit recordings, we demonstrate that in the rat collicular neurons visual responses are shaped by at least two forms of adaptation. When visual stimuli were repeatedly presented in the same location, visual responses were reduced in the majority of single units. However, when the adaptor stimulus was outside a small diameter receptive field (RF), responses to stimulus onset but not offset were enhanced in the majority of units. Responses to stimulus offset were reduced less and recovered faster than responses to stimulus onset and the effect was limited to a fraction of RF area. Simulations showed that such adaptation acted as a powerful spatiotemporal filter and could explain several tuning properties of collicular neurons. These results demonstrate that in rodents the adaption of visual responses has a complex spatiotemporal structure and can profoundly shape visual information processing.
Male mice with large inversions or deletions of X-chromosome palindrome arms are fertile and express their associated genes during post-meiosis
Authors: Kruger Alyssa N. , Ellison Quinn , Brogley Michele A. , Gerlinger Emma R. , Mueller Jacob L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLarge (>10 kb) palindromic sequences are enriched on mammalian sex chromosomes. In mice, these palindromes harbor gene families (≥2 gene copies) expressed exclusively in post-meiotic testicular germ cells, a time when most single-copy sex-linked genes are transcriptionally repressed. This observation led to the hypothesis that palindromic structures or having ≥2 gene copies enable post-meiotic gene expression. We tested these hypotheses by using CRISPR to precisely engineer large (10’s of kb) inversions and deletions of X-chromosome palindrome arms for two regions that carry the mouse 4930567H17Rik and Mageb5 palindrome gene families. We found that 4930567H17Rik and Mageb5 gene expression is unaffected in mice carrying palindrome arm inversions and halved in mice carrying palindrome arm deletions. We assessed whether palindrome-associated genes were sensitive to reduced expression in mice carrying palindrome arm deletions. Male mice carrying palindrome arm deletions are fertile and show no defects in post-meiotic spermatogenesis. Together, these findings suggest palindromic structures on the sex chromosomes are not necessary for their associated genes to evade post-meiotic transcriptional repression and that these genes are not sensitive to reduced expression levels. Large sex chromosome palindromes may be important for other reasons, such as promoting gene conversion between palindrome arms.
Repositioning of Omarigliptin as a once-weekly intranasal Anti-parkinsonian Agent
Authors: Ayoub Bassam M. , Mowaka Shereen , Safar Marwa M. , Ashoush Nermeen , Arafa Mona G. , Michel Haidy E. , Tadros Mariam M. , Elmazar Mohamed M. , Mousa Shaker A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDrug repositioning is a revolution breakthrough of drug discovery that presents outstanding privilege with already safer agents by scanning the existing candidates as therapeutic switching or repurposing for marketed drugs. Sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin & linagliptin showed antioxidant and neurorestorative effects in previous studies linked to DPP-4 inhibition. Literature showed that gliptins did not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) while omarigliptin was the first gliptin that crossed it successfully in the present work. LC-MS/MS determination of once-weekly anti-diabetic DPP-4 inhibitors; omarigliptin & trelagliptin in plasma and brain tissue was employed after 2 h of oral administration to rats. The brain/plasma concentration ratio was used to deduce the penetration power through the BBB. Results showed that only omarigliptin crossed the BBB due to its low molecular weight & lipophilic properties suggesting its repositioning as antiparkinsonian agent. The results of BBB crossing will be of interest for researchers interested in Parkinson’s disease. A novel intranasal formulation was developed using sodium lauryl sulphate surfactant to solubilize the lipophilic omarigliptin with penetration enhancing & antimicrobial properties. Intranasal administration showed enhanced brain/plasma ratio by 3.3 folds compared to the oral group accompanied with 2.6 folds increase in brain glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration compared to the control group.
Mental template matching is a potential cultural transmission mechanism for New Caledonian crow tool manufacturing traditions
Authors: Jelbert S. A. , Hosking R. J. , Taylor A. H. , Gray R. D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCumulative cultural evolution occurs when social traditions accumulate improvements over time. In humans cumulative cultural evolution is thought to depend on a unique suite of cognitive abilities, including teaching, language and imitation. Tool-making New Caledonian crows show some hallmarks of cumulative culture; but this claim is contentious, in part because these birds do not appear to imitate. One alternative hypothesis is that crows’ tool designs could be culturally transmitted through a process of mental template matching. That is, individuals could use or observe conspecifics’ tools, form a mental template of a particular tool design, and then reproduce this in their own manufacture – a process analogous to birdsong learning. Here, we provide the first evidence supporting this hypothesis, by demonstrating that New Caledonian crows have the cognitive capacity for mental template matching. Using a novel manufacture paradigm, crows were first trained to drop paper into a vending machine to retrieve rewards. They later learnt that only items of a particular size (large or small templates) were rewarded. At test, despite being rewarded at random, and with no physical templates present, crows manufactured items that were more similar in size to previously rewarded, than unrewarded, templates. Our results provide the first evidence that this cognitive ability may underpin the transmission of New Caledonian crows’ natural tool designs.
Coding variants in RPL3L and MYZAP increase risk of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Thorolfsdottir Rosa B. , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Sulem Patrick , Nielsen Jonas B. , Jonsson Stefan , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Melsted Pall , Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Davidsson Olafur B. , Kristjansson Ragnar P. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Helgadottir Anna , Gretarsdottir Solveig , Norddahl Gudmundur , Rajamani Sridharan , Torfason Bjarni , Valgardsson Atli S. , Sverrisson Jon T. , Tragante Vinicius , Holmen Oddgeir L. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Roden Dan M. , Darbar Dawood , Pedersen Terje R. , Sabatine Marc S. , Willer Cristen J. , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Hveem Kristian , Arnar David O. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Holm Hilma , Stefansson Kari 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMost sequence variants identified hitherto in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of atrial fibrillation are common, non-coding variants associated with risk through unknown mechanisms. We performed a meta-analysis of GWAS of atrial fibrillation among 29,502 cases and 767,760 controls from Iceland and the UK Biobank with follow-up in samples from Norway and the US, focusing on low-frequency coding and splice variants aiming to identify causal genes. We observe associations with one missense (OR = 1.20) and one splice-donor variant (OR = 1.50) in RPL3L, the first ribosomal gene implicated in atrial fibrillation to our knowledge. Analysis of 167 RNA samples from the right atrium reveals that the splice-donor variant in RPL3L results in exon skipping. We also observe an association with a missense variant in MYZAP (OR = 1.38), encoding a component of the intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes. Both discoveries emphasize the close relationship between the mechanical and electrical function of the heart.
Dynamically arrested micelles in a supercooled sugar urea melt
Authors: Gawali Santosh L. , Zhang Mingming , Kumar Sugam , Aswal Vinod K. , Danino Dganit , Hassan Puthusserickal A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicelles are nanoscopic, dynamic, equilibrium structures formed by the association of amphiphiles in a liquid. To date, freezing of disordered micelles typically requires cryogenic quenching. This avoids crystallization of the solvent or surfactant, mitigating against micelle destruction. Here we describe a method to create disordered, dynamically arrested water-free micelles, trapped in a glass-forming solvent at ambient temperature. The micelles are formed by dissolving a surfactant in a molten mixture of sugar (fructose or glucose) and urea. These micelles are trapped in a supercooled state upon cooling the mixture, forming an amorphous micro-heterogeneous material driven by hydrogen bonding interactions. Since all components used in this formulation are solid at room temperature, the supercooled micelle formation is analogous to biphasic alloy formation in metals. This method may provide a way to prepare microphase separated organic solids and to control diffusion-limited aggregation of nanoparticles.
Solar wind dynamics around a comet
Authors: Saillenfest M. , Tabone B. , Behar E. 
Published: June 2018

Aims. Observations of solar protons near comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P) by the Rosetta spacecraft can be modelled by the planar motion in an effective magnetic field proportional to 1/r2. We aim to provide a thorough study of such dynamics, with a clear description of the behaviour of an incoming flux of particles. We will be able, then, to calibrate the free parameters of the model to Rosetta observations.
Methods. Basic tools of dynamical analysis are used. They lead to a definition of the relevant parameters for the system and a classification of the possible types of trajectories. Using the so-obtained formalism, the structures formed by a flux of particles coming from infinity can be studied.
Results. All the trajectories are parametrised by two characteristic radii, rE and rC, derived from first integrals. There are three different types of motion possible divided by a separatrix corresponding to rE = rC. An analytical expression of the trajectories, defined by an integral, is developed. Using this formalism, the application to a flux of particles coming from infinity (modelling the incident solar wind) gives one free parameter only, the radius rE, which scales the problem. A circular cavity of radius 0.28 rE is created, as well as an overdensity curve (analogous to a caustic in optics). At each observation time, rE can be calibrated to Rosetta plasma measurements, giving a qualitative understanding of the solar particle dynamics (incoming direction, cavity and density map). We also deduce that, in order to properly capture the essence of the dynamics, numerical simulations of the solar wind around a comet must use simulation boxes much larger than rE and grids much finer than rE.
Studying bright variable stars with the Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA)
Authors: Burggraaff O. , Talens G. J. J. , Spronck J. , Lesage A.-L. , Stuik R. , Otten G. P. P. L. , Van Eylen V. , Pollacco D. , Snellen I. A. G. 
Published: June 2018

Context. The Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA) aims to find the brightest transiting planet systems by monitoring the full sky at magnitudes 4 < V < 8.4, taking data every 6.4 s. The northern station has been operational on La Palma since February 2015. These data can also be used for other scientific purposes, such as the study of variable stars.
Aims. In this paper we aim to assess the value of MASCARA data for studying variable stars by determining to what extent known variable stars can be recovered and characterised, and how well new, unknown variables can be discovered.
Methods. We used the first 14 months of MASCARA data, consisting of the light curves of 53 401 stars with up to one million flux points per object. All stars were cross-matched with the VSX catalogue to identify known variables. The MASCARA light curves were searched for periodic flux variability using generalised Lomb–Scargle periodograms. If significant variability of a known variable was detected, the found period and amplitude were compared with those listed in the VSX database. If no previous record of variability was found, the data were phase folded to attempt a classification.
Results. Of the 1919 known variable stars in the MASCARA sample with periods 0.1 < P < 10 days, amplitudes >2%, and that have more than 80 h of data, 93.5% are recovered. In addition, the periods of 210 stars without a previous VSX record were determined, and 282 candidate variable stars were newly identified. We also investigated whether second order variability effects could be identified. The O’Connell effect is seen in seven eclipsing binaries, of which two have no previous record of this effect.
Conclusions. MASCARA data are very well suited to study known variable stars. They also serve as a powerful means to find new variables among the brightest stars in the sky. Follow-up is required to ensure that the observed variability does not originate from faint background objects.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Quantitative Perfusion Analysis in Patients with Suspicion for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Maxeiner Andreas , Fischer Thomas , Schwabe Julia , Baur Alexander Daniel Jacques , Stephan Carsten , Peters Robert , Slowinski Torsten , von Laffert Maximilian , Marticorena Garcia Stephan Rodrigo , Hamm Bernd , Jung Ernst-Michael 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters acquired by software during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) US fusion-guided biopsy for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and discrimination.
Materials and Methods From 2012 to 2015, 158 out of 165 men with suspicion for PCa and with at least 1 negative biopsy of the prostate were included and underwent a multi-parametric 3 Tesla MRI and an MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy, consecutively. CEUS was conducted during biopsy with intravenous bolus application of 2.4 mL of SonoVue® (Bracco, Milan, Italy). In the latter CEUS clips were investigated using quantitative perfusion analysis software (VueBox, Bracco). The area of strongest enhancement within the MRI pre-located region was investigated and all available parameters from the quantification tool box were collected and analyzed for PCa and its further differentiation was based on the histopathological results.
Results The overall detection rate was 74 (47 %) PCa cases in 158 included patients. From these 74 PCa cases, 49 (66 %) were graded Gleason ≥ 3 + 4 = 7 (ISUP ≥ 2) PCa. The best results for cancer detection over all quantitative perfusion parameters were rise time (p = 0.026) and time to peak (p = 0.037). Within the subgroup analysis (> vs ≤ 3 + 4 = 7a (ISUP 2)), peak enhancement (p = 0.012), wash-in rate (p = 0.011), wash-out rate (p = 0.007) and wash-in perfusion index (p = 0.014) also showed statistical significance.
Conclusion The quantification of CEUS parameters was able to discriminate PCa aggressiveness during MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy.
Infusion von Daratumumab in Kombinationstherapien – Praktische Hinweise für den ambulanten Bereich
Authors: Scheid Christof , Munder Markus , Salwender Hans , Engelhardt Monika 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCombination therapies such as Dara-Rd and Dara-Vd show significantly higher survival rates after 12 months than the respective therapies without Daratumumab. The initial infusion of Daratumumab is associated with a high incidence of IRR. Dosage and speed of infusion of Daratumumab have to be strictly controlled. Any suspicion of even low IRR requires corrections. Concomitant medication before and after Daratumumab administration is required. For this purpose, various preparations have been tested in everyday clinical practice. Eight hours of infusion may be required. This does not only overwhelm the patient, but also the most ambulant structures. The split-dose concept means to divide the dose into infusions on different days. Again, the dosage is crucial for good compatibility.