bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rose Hip Seed Oil: Methods of Extraction and Chemical Composition
Authors: Dąbrowska Mariola , Maciejczyk Ewa , Kalemba Danuta 
Published: May 2019

Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of uncommon plant oils in the food and cosmetic industries. Oils obtained from Rosa canina L. and R. rubiginosa L. seeds are widespread on the market and recommended for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional purposes. Both these oils are quite well investigated. However, Rosa L. genus includes numerous other species bearing fruits (hips) with seeds rich in active compounds. These rose species may also be a source of oil valuable for purposes above mentioned. Thus recent literature relating to rosehip seed oils, its extraction methods and composition are summarized to provide an overview of the published data on this subject. The goal of this article is to deliver necessary background with references for an up‐to‐date perspective of different rose species' seed oils, to review methods for their isolation, and thereby to compare oil extraction yield and composition.Practical Applications: This review underscores the importance of rose hip seed oil as a product for healthier foods and other purposes.Uncommon plant oils have recently gained popularity in the food and cosmetic industries. Oils obtained from Rosa canina and R. rubiginosa seeds are recommended for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional purposes. Moreover, Rosa L. genus includes numerous other species' seeds rich in active compounds. Thus recent literature relating to rose hip seed oils, its extraction methods, and composition are summarized to provide an overview of the published data on this subject.
Improvement of lipid production in oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides by ultraviolet mutagenesis
Authors: Guo Minrui , Cheng Shaobo , Chen Guogang , Chen Jiluan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides AS 2.1389 is viewed as desirable industrial microorganisms that can accumulate a high content of lipids for biodiesel production. In this study, we attempted to improve lipid accumulation in the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides by UV irradiation mutagenesis and selection based on lithium chloride tolerance or ethanol–H2O2 tolerance. The biomass concentration, lipid yield and glucose consumption of mutant R. toruloides were determined. The transcription levels of lipid accumulation‐related genes in the wild‐type and mutant strains were also determined. The lithium chloride‐tolerant strain R‐ZL2 and the ethanol–H2O2‐resistant strain R‐ZY13 were generated by UV mutagenesis. The two mutant strains showed greater lipid productivity and lipid yield compared to the wild type. Transcriptional analysis revealed that IDP1, GPD1 and GND were expressed at significantly higher levels in the two high‐lipid‐producing mutants. In conclusion, lipid productivity and lipid yield in R. toruloides were successfully improved via UV mutagenesis and selection. We also identified some lipid accumulation‐related genes for improving lipid productivity through genetic engineering.
Baseline Level of Hepatitis B Core Antibody Predicts Spontaneous Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Seroconversion in HBeAg‐Positive Children With a Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Level
Authors: Chen Ho‐Sheng , Wu Jia‐Feng , Su Tung‐Hung , Chen Huey‐Ling , Hsu Hong‐Yuan , Xia Ning‐Shao , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chang Mei‐Hwei 
Published: May 2019

It is not clear whether baseline hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc) level in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive children with a normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level is predictive of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion. We investigated the correlation between anti‐HBc level and the natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus (HBV) infection in children, particularly the ability of baseline anti‐HBc level to predict spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion during long‐term follow‐up. HBeAg‐positive children with untreated CHB and a normal ALT level were followed longitudinally. Anti‐HBc level was determined by double‐sandwich immunoassay. Effects of anti‐HBc levels and other parameters on spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion and the natural course of CHB were assessed. A total of 182 children (106 males) with a median age at enrollment of 10.6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 10.3‐15.3) were followed for a median of 19.8 years (IQR, 11.9‐21.9). Spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 85 children (46.7%) during the follow‐up. A baseline anti‐HBc titer of >500 IU/mL (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.81), HBV genotype B and B + C (HR = 3.46), and a baseline hepatitis B surface antigen titer of ≤4.8 log10 IU/mL (HR = 3.09) were predictive of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion, based on multivariable survival analysis (P < 0.001). In cases remaining HBeAg positive, their anti‐HBc levels increased gradually during follow‐up because of ongoing inflammation. Conclusion: Baseline anti‐HBc level is predictive of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg‐positive children with a normal ALT level. Anti‐HBc level reflects anti‐HBV immune response in the HBeAg‐positive normal ALT phase of CHB.
The stipulation‐stimulation spiral: A model of system change
Authors: Kreindler Sara A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a general model, based on what is known about the nature of (complex) systems, of how systems—in particular, health care systems—respond to attempted change. Inferences are drawn from a critical literature review and reinterpretation of two primary studies. The two fundamental system‐change approaches are “stipulation” and “stimulation”: stip(ulation) attempts to elicit a specific response from the system; stim(ulation) encourages the system to generate diverse responses. Each has a unique strength: stip's is precision, the ability to directly impact the desired outcome and only that outcome; stim's is resonance, the ability to take advantage of behavior already present within the system. Each approach's inherent strength is its complement's inherent weakness; thus, stip and stim often clash if attempted simultaneously but can reinforce each other if applied in alternation. Opposite patterns (the “stip‐stim spiral” vs “stip‐stim stalemate”) are observed to underpin successful vs failed system change: The crucial difference is whether decision‐makers respond to a need for precision/resonance by strengthening the appropriate approach (stipulation/stimulation, respectively), or merely by weakening its complement. With further validation, the model has the potential to yield a more fundamental understanding of why system‐change efforts fail and how they can succeed.
What, when, and who: Manager involvement in predicting employee resistance to acquisition integration
Authors: King David R. , Bauer Florian , (Derek) Weng Qingxiong , Schriber Svante , Tarba Shlomo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractApplying sensemaking research to acquisition integration, we outline factors that influence employee resistance to acquisitions. While integration is widely viewed as important to acquisition outcomes, there is limited systematic study of how employees react to the integration process. Using survey data from Chinese acquirers and applying partial least squares structural equation modeling, we examine what changes with human and task integration with the speed of when changes are made to explore relationships with employee resistance. Consistent with a temporal perspective of acquisition processes and sensemaking we find slower task integration may mitigate employee resistance to acquisition integration. However, employee resistance to the speed that changes are made likely varies for who is involved, suggesting different roles for top and middle managers. Specifically, middle management involvement with slow human integration and top management involvement with fast task integration reduces employee resistance following an acquisition.
CYP3A4/5 mediates the metabolic detoxification of humantenmine, a highly toxic alkaloid from Gelsemium elegans Benth.
Authors: Sun Rongjin , Chen Minghao , Hu Yanxian , Lan Yao , Gan Lili , You Guoquan , Yue Min , Wang Hongmei , Xia Bijun , Zhao Jie , Tang Lan , Cai Zeng , Liu Zhongqiu , Ye Ling 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGelsemium elegans Benth., a well‐known toxic herbal plant, is widely used to treat rheumatic arthritis, inflammation and other diseases. Gelsemium contains humantenmine (HMT), which is an important bioactive and toxic alkaloid. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play important roles in the elimination and detoxification of exogenous substances. This study aimed to investigate the roles of CYPs in the metabolism and detoxification of HMT. First, metabolic studies were performed in vitro by using human liver microsomes, selective chemical inhibitors and recombinant human CYPs. Results indicated that four metabolites, including hydroxylation and oxidation metabolites, were found in human liver microsomes and identified based on their high‐resolution mass spectrum. The isoform responsible for HMT metabolism was mainly CYP3A4/5. Second, the toxicity of HMT on L02 cells in the presence of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate system (NADPH) was significantly less than that without NADPH system. A CYP3A4/5 activity inhibition model was established by intraperitoneally injecting ketoconazole in mice and used to evaluate the role of CYP3A4/5 in HMT detoxification. In this model, the 14‐day survival rate of the mice decreased to 17% after they were intragastrically treated with HMT, along with hepatic injury and increasing alanine aminotransferase (ALT) /aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Overall, CYP3A4/5 mediated the metabolism and detoxification of HMT.
Downregulation of FGF Signaling by Spry4 Overexpression Leads to Shape Impairment, Enamel Irregularities, and Delayed Signaling Center Formation in the Mouse Molar
Authors: Marangoni Pauline , Charles Cyril , Ahn Youngwook , Seidel Kerstin , Jheon Andrew , Ganss Bernhard , Krumlauf Robb , Viriot Laurent , Klein Ophir D 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFGF signaling plays a critical role in tooth development, and mutations in modulators of this pathway produce a number of striking phenotypes. However, many aspects of the role of the FGF pathway in regulating the morphological features and the mineral quality of the dentition remain unknown. Here, we used transgenic mice overexpressing the FGF negative feedback regulator Sprouty4 under the epithelial keratin 14 promoter (K14‐Spry4) to achieve downregulation of signaling in the epithelium. This led to highly penetrant defects affecting both cusp morphology and the enamel layer. We characterized the phenotype of erupted molars, identified a developmental delay in K14‐Spry4 transgenic embryos, and linked this with changes in the tooth developmental sequence. These data further delineate the role of FGF signaling in the development of the dentition and implicate the pathway in the regulation of tooth mineralization. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Upregulation of microRNA‐196a improves cognitive impairment and alleviates neuronal damage in hippocampus tissues of Alzheimer's disease through downregulating LRIG3 expression
Authors: Yang Ke , Feng Shutao , Ren Jun , Zhou Wenbin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study is launched to uncover the inner function of microRNA‐196a (miR‐196a) on cognitive dysfunction and neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats through regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.MethodsThe establishment of AD rat model was performed by a microinjection of Aβ25‐35. miR‐196a and LRIG3 expression was detected, and the putative binding site between them was also determined. The spatial learning and memory capability, the hippocampal neurons ultrastructure as well as the survival, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons of rats were observed. The expression of apoptosis‐associated protein, oxidative stress index, and inflammatory factors as well as the PI3K/Akt pathway‐related factors was determined.ResultsInitially, decreased miR‐196a and increased LRIG3 were exhibited in hippocampus tissues of AD rats. In addition, restored miR‐196a and deleted LRIG3 ameliorated spatial learning and memory capability, suppressed the pathological injury, induced the survival, and suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, as well as inhibited oxidative stress injury together with inflammatory injury in AD rats. Furthermore, upregulation of miR‐196a activated the PI3/Akt pathway in AD rats.ConclusionThis current study suggests that upregulation of miR‐196a and downregulation of LRIG3 improve cognitive impairment and alleviate neuronal damage in hippocampus tissues in AD rats via the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Neuropathological and genomic characterization of glioblastoma‐induced rat model: How similar is it to humans for targeted therapy?
Authors: Sharifzad Farzaneh , Yasavoli‐Sharahi Hamed , Mardpour Saeid , Fakharian Esmaeil , Nikuinejad Hassan , Heydari Yasaman , Mardpour Soura , Taghikhani Adeleh , khellat Reza , Vafaei Somayeh , Kiani Sahar , Ghavami Saeid , Łos Marek , Noureddini Mehdi , Ebrahimi Marzieh , Verdi Javad , Hamidieh Amir Ali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a unique aggressive tumor and mostly develops in the brain, while rarely spreading out of the central nervous system. It is associated with a high mortality rate; despite tremendous efforts having been made for effective therapy, tumor recurrence occurs with high prevalence. To elucidate the mechanisms that lead to new drug discovery, animal models of tumor progression is one of the oldest and most beneficial approaches to not only investigating the aggressive nature of the tumor, but also improving preclinical research. It is also a useful tool for predicting novel therapies' effectiveness as well as side effects. However, there are concerns that must be considered, such as the heterogeneity of tumor, biological properties, pharma dynamic, and anatomic shapes of the models, which have to be similar to humans as much as possible. Although several methods and various species have been used for this approach, the real recapitulation of the human tumor has been left under discussion. The GBM model, which has been verified in this study, has been established by using the Rat C6 cell line. By exploiting bioinformatic tools, the similarities between aberrant gene expression and pathways have been predicted. In this regard, 610 common genes and a number of pathways have been detected. Moreover, while magnetic resonance imaging analysis enables us to compare tumor features between these two specious, pathological findings provides most of the human GBM characteristics. Therefore, the present study provides genomics, pathologic, and imaging evidence for showing the similarities between human and rat GBM models.
Pathophysiology of propionic and methylmalonic acidemias. Part 1: Complications
Authors: Haijes Hanneke A. , Jans Judith J. M. , Tas Simone Y. , Verhoeven‐Duif Nanda M. , van Hasselt Peter M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOver the last decades, advances in clinical care for patients suffering from propionic acidemia (PA) and isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) have resulted in improved survival. These advances were possible thanks to new pathophysiological insights. However, patients may still suffer from devastating complications which largely determine the unsatisfying overall outcome. To optimize our treatment strategies, better insight in the pathophysiology of complications is needed. Here, we perform a systematic data‐analysis of cohort studies and case‐reports on PA and MMA. For each of the prevalent and rare complications, we summarize the current hypotheses and evidence for the underlying pathophysiology of that complication. A common hypothesis on pathophysiology of many of these complications is that mitochondrial impairment plays a major role. Assuming that complications in which mitochondrial impairment may play a role are overrepresented in monogenic mitochondrial diseases and, conversely, that complications in which mitochondrial impairment does not play a role are underrepresented in mitochondrial disease, we studied the occurrence of the complications in PA and MMA in mitochondrial and other monogenic diseases, using data provided by the Human Phenotype Ontology. Lastly, we combined this with evidence from literature to draw conclusions on the possible role of mitochondrial impairment in each complication. Altogether, this review provides a comprehensive overview on what we, to date, do and do not understand about pathophysiology of complications occurring in PA and MMA and about the role of mitochondrial impairment herein.
A one‐port automatic fixture removal method for de‐embedding
Authors: Xie Chengcheng , Xu Ruimin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTraditional calibration methods and measurement‐based de‐embedding processes require the design of calibration kits and measurement standards, and the processes are cumbersome and costly. Even the simple automatic fixture removal (AFR) with 2x‐through fixtures still needs a through line to extract the fixtures' characteristics, and there are some restrictions. With one‐port AFR (1xAFR), the open fixture's time domain response (TDR) could be gated and windowed, then extracted to fixture's through S‐parameter. When the fixture is connected to device under test (DUT), its response could be de‐embedded from the blended S‐parameter and the DUT's S‐parameter could be obtained. In this paper, the basic principle and extraction process of 1xAFR are described, and two measurement cases are demonstrated to verify 1xAFR's ease of use and accuracy.
Physical exercise and human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate motor disturbances in a male rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cucarián Jaison D. , Berrío Jenny P. , Rodrigues Cristiano , Zancan Mariana , Wink Márcia R. , de Oliveira Alcyr 
Published: May 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling and highly costly neurodegenerative condition with worldwide prevalence. Despite advances in treatments that slow progression and minimize locomotor impairments, its clinical management is still a challenge. Previous preclinical studies, using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation and isolated physical exercise (EX), reported beneficial results for treatment of PD. Therefore, this experimental randomized study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic potential of combined therapy using adipose‐derived human MSCs (ADSCs) grafted into the striatum in conjunction with aerobic treadmill training, specifically in terms of locomotor performance in a unilateral PD rat model induced by 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Forty‐one male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups in accordance with the type of treatment to which they were subjected (Sham, 6‐OHDA − injury, 6‐OHDA + exercise, 6‐OHDA + cells, and 6‐OHDA + combined). Subsequently, dopaminergic depletion was assessed by the methylphenidate challenge and the specified therapeutic intervention was conducted in each group. The foot fault task was performed at the end of the experiment to serve as an assessment of motor skills. The results showed that despite disturbances in motor balance and coordination, locomotor dysfunction was ameliorated in all treatment categories in comparison to the injury group (sign test, p < 0.001, effect size: 0.71). The exercise alone and combined groups were the categories that exhibited the best recovery in terms of movement performance (p < 0.001). Overall, this study confirms that exercise is a powerful option to improve motor function and a promising adjuvant intervention for stem cell transplantation in the treatment of PD motor symptoms.Open Practices

This article has been awarded Open Data. All materials and data are publicly accessible at https://figshare.com/s/18a543c101a17a1d5560. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Comparison between the active tropical cyclone seasons over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
Authors: Sattar Abdus M. , Cheung Kevin K. W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClimatologically, tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) is asymmetric between the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) basin. For the 172 TCs formed over NIO during 1983–2015, only 56 formed over AS and the rest (116) over BoB. During the period, AS was very active in a few years (but with quiet BoB season), and the opposite occurred in some others. It is found that this contrast occurred mostly during the post‐monsoon season of October–December. The meteorological and climate factors that accounted for these contrasting AS and BoB TC seasons are analysed. While climate variability such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole have known influences to NIO TC activity, results reveal that no single climate mode can well explain the TC development concentrating on AS or BoB only. Instead, it is found that variability of the northeast monsoon is an important factor responsible for the difference between the two basins. Excess moisture is available over the AS due to anomalous low‐level flow from the equatorial IO in the years in which there are more TCs in that basin, and dryer condition is over the BoB. In these years, there is likely excess northeast monsoon rainfall. The relationship is opposite between post‐monsoon BoB TC activity and the northeast monsoon. Nevertheless, the anomalous flow during active AS TC seasons is similar to that occurs during positive Indian Ocean Dipole, and thus this climate variability may be responsible for redistributing the moisture content in the NIO.
Subdividing the Holocene Series/Epoch: formalization of stages/ages and subseries/subepochs, and designation of GSSPs and auxiliary stratotypes
Authors: WALKER MIKE , Head Martin J. , Lowe John , Berkelhammer Max , BjÖrck Svante , Cheng Hai , Cwynar Les C. , Fisher David , Gkinis Vasileios , Long Antony , Newnham Rewi , Rasmussen Sune Olander , Weiss Harvey 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe Holocene, which currently spans ~11 700 years, is the shortest series/epoch within the geological time scale (GTS), yet it contains a rich archive of evidence in stratigraphical contexts that are frequently continuous and often preserved at high levels of resolution. On 14 June 2018, the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences formally ratified a proposal to subdivide the Holocene into three stages/ages, along with their equivalent subseries/subepochs, each anchored by a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). The new stages are the Greenlandian (Lower/Early Holocene Subseries/Subepoch) with its GSSP in the Greenland NGRIP2 ice core and dated at 11 700 a b2k (before 2000 CE); the Northgrippian (Middle Holocene Subseries/Subepoch) with its GSSP in the Greenland NGRIP1 ice core and dated at 8236 a b2k; and the Meghalayan (Upper/Late Holocene Subseries/Subepoch) with its GSSP in a speleothem from Mawmluh Cave, north‐eastern India, with a date of 4250 a b2k. We explain the nomenclature of the new divisions, describe the procedures involved in the ratification process, designate auxiliary stratotypes to support the GSSPs and consider the implications of the subdivision for defining the Anthropocene as a new unit within the GTS.