bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection and identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pini’‐related strains based on genomic markers present in 16S rRNA and tuf genes
Authors: Valiunas Deividas , Jomantiene Rasa , Ivanauskas Algirdas , Sneideris Donatas , Zizyte‐Eidetiene Marija , Shao Jonathan , Yan Zhao , Costanzo Stefano , Davis Robert E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn order to devise a method for rapid detection of ‘Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma pini’ and for distinguishing it rapidly from other phytoplasmas, we carried out preliminary sequencing of Lithuanian ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pini’ strain PineBL2 using Illumina (NGS) technology and targeted sequencing employing universal phytoplasma primers. We focused on two resulting chromosomal segments that contained a 16S rRNA gene and a translation elongation factor EF‐TU gene (tuf), respectively. Based on alignments of the ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pini’ gene sequences with the corresponding sequences of other phytoplasmas, we designed new primer pairs for PCR‐based detection of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pini’. Because ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pini’ strains are expected to reside in the pine phloem in a very low titre, one might expect that they could be detected only by nested PCR. By contrast, the primers and PCR protocols designed in the current work enabled rapid direct PCR detection and identification of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pini’ by amplifying a 484 bp 16S rDNA segment and a 513 bp tuf gene fragment that contain regions unique to this phytoplasma.
Is articaine more effective than lidocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis? An umbrella review
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Duncan H. F. , Whitworth J. , Nekoofar M. H. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Veettil S. K. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain management can be challenging during root canal treatment of teeth with irreversible pulpitis.AimTo identify whether articaine or lidocaine is the most appropriate local anaesthetic solution for teeth with irreversible pulpitis undergoing root canal treatment.Data sourceThe protocol of this umbrella review is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42019137624). PubMed, EBSCHO host and Scopus databases were searched until June 2019.Study eligibility criteria, participants and interventionsSystematic reviews published in English comparing the effectiveness of local anaesthesia following administration of articaine or lidocaine in patients undergoing root canal treatment of teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis were included. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and carried out the data extraction and the appraisal of the included reviews. Disagreements were resolved in consultation with a third reviewer.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsThe quality of the included reviews was appraised by two independent reviewers using the AMSTAR tool (a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews). Each of the 11 AMSTAR items was given a score of 1 if the specific criterion was met, or 0 if the criterion was not met or the information was unclear.ResultsFive systematic reviews with meta‐analyses were included. The AMSTAR score for the reviews ranged from 8 to 11, out of a maximum score of 11, and all reviews were categorized as ‘high’ quality. Two reviews scored 0 for item 8 in AMSTAR because the scientific quality of the clinical trials included in these reviews was not used in the formulation of the conclusions.LimitationsSystematic reviews published only in the English language were included. Only a small number of studies were available to assess pain intensity during the injection phase, the time until the onset of anaesthesia and the occurrence of adverse events.Conclusions and implications of key findingsArticaine is more effective than lidocaine for local anaesthesia of teeth with irreversible pulpitis undergoing root canal treatment. There is limited evidence that injection of articaine is less painful, has more rapid onset and has fewer adverse events compared with lidocaine.
The assessment of environmental and external cross-contamination in preparing ready-to-administer cytotoxic drugs: a comparison between a robotic system and conventional manual production
Authors: Werumeus Buning Annabel , Geersing Tjerk H , Crul Mirjam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The primary aim of the study was to compare environmental and external (cross-) contamination of traces of cytostatics, during preparation of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide using a robotic system (APOTECAchemo) or the conventional manual compounding procedure. The secondary aim was to validate the cleaning procedure of the robot.

Methods
Eighty ready-to-administer (RTA) infusion bags with 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide or sodium chloride were compounded using both techniques on 3–5 days. Wipe samples were taken from several locations in the compounding room before and after cleaning, and also from the technician’s gloves. These samples were analysed for 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide concentrations using GC/MS/MS.

Key findings
A total of 284 wipe samples were collected during the study (113 from the manual and 171 from the robotic process). External contamination on the outside of infusion bags was 3.75% for both manual and robotic compounding. For manual compounding, external cross-contamination occurred on 2.5% of the prepared infusion bags. External cross-contamination occurred on 1.25% of the infusion bags for the robotic procedure. Inside the compounding room, 9% of the environmental wipe samples were contaminated in case of manual production and 24% for robotic compounding. Since 50% of the contaminated environmental samples for the robotic system were taken after cleaning, the cleaning procedure was extended and parameter setting for cyclophosphamide handling was performed. After this, residual environmental or external contamination was no longer detectable.

Conclusion
Comparison of both preparation methods showed that external (cross-)contamination of infusion bags was lower using the robotic system. An optimized cleaning procedure showed the best results in environmental contamination for the robot.
Longitudinal association between adiposity and inter‐arm blood pressure difference
Authors: Muñoz‐Torres Francisco J. , Andriankaja Oelisoa M. , Ruiz José I. , Joshipura Kaumudi J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis is the first longitudinal study evaluating whether adiposity is associated with inter‐arm blood pressure difference. We evaluated 714 overweight/obese individuals aged 40‐65 years over a 3‐year follow‐up. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured in both arms simultaneously using an automated machine. Linear regression assessed the associations of body mass index, fat %, waist, neck, thigh, and arm circumferences (cm), with absolute inter‐arm differences in systolic (IAS) and diastolic (IAD) blood pressure (mm Hg). Poisson regression was used for binary outcomes (IAS and IAD ≥ 10 mm Hg). All models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking, physical activity, and HOMA‐IR. Adiposity measures were associated with increased IAS and IAD (β range: 0.09‐0.20 and 0.09‐0.30). Neck circumference showed the strongest association with IAS (β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.37) and IAD (β = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.47); arm circumference showed a similar association with IAS, but lower with IAD. Highest quartiles of BMI, thigh, and arm showed significant associations with IAS (IRR: 2.21, 2.46 and 2.70). Highest quartiles of BMI, waist, neck, and arm circumferences were significantly associated with IAD (IRR: 2.38, 2.68, 4.50 and 2.24). If the associations are corroborated in other populations, adiposity may be an important modifiable risk factor for inter‐arm blood pressure difference with a large potential public health impact.
Exosomes from miR‐20b‐3p‐overexpressing stromal cells ameliorate calcium oxalate deposition in rat kidney
Authors: Shi Jing , Duan Junyao , Gong Huijie , Pang Yuewen , Wang Ling , Yan Yongji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHyperoxaluria‐induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition is the key factor in kidney stone formation, for which adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have been used as a therapeutic treatment. Studies revealed that miR‐20b‐3p is down‐regulated in hypercalciuric stone‐forming rat kidney. To investigate whether ADSC‐derived miR‐20b‐3p‐enriched exosomes protect against kidney stones, an ethylene glycol (EG)‐induced hyperoxaluria rat model and an in vitro model of oxalate‐induced NRK‐52E cells were established to explore the protective mechanism of miR‐20b‐3p. The results showed that miR‐20b‐3p levels were decreased following hyperoxaluria in the urine of patients and in kidney tissues from animal models. Furthermore, treatment with miR‐20b‐3p‐enriched exosomes from ADSCs protected EG‐induced hyperoxaluria rats, and cell experiments confirmed that co‐culture with miR‐20b‐3p‐enriched exosomes alleviated oxalate‐induced cell autophagy and the inflammatory response by inhibiting ATG7 and TLR4. In conclusion, ADSC‐derived miR‐20b‐3p‐enriched exosomes protected against kidney stones by suppressing autophagy and inflammatory responses.
miR‐20a‐5p regulates pulmonary surfactant gene expression in alveolar type II cells
Authors: Gong Yongjian , Xu Weidong , Chen Yang , Liu Yun , Yang Yuan , Wang Beibei , Lu Zhitao , Lin Hung‐Chih , Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhou Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) critically controls gene expression in many biological processes, including lung growth and pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. The present study was conducted to investigate whether miR‐20a‐5p had such regulatory functions on alveolar type II (AT‐II) cells. To accomplish this, miR‐20a‐5p–overexpressed and miR‐20a‐5p–inhibited adenoviral vectors were constructed and transfected into cultured AT‐II cells that were isolated from rat foetal lungs of 19 days' gestation. Transfection efficiency was confirmed by observing the fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) carried by the viral vector, whereas miR‐20a‐5p levels were verified by real‐time PCR. The CCK‐8 assay was used to compare the proliferation ability of AT‐II cells that had over‐ or underexpressed miR‐20a‐5p. The expression of surfactant‐associated proteins (SPs) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was measured by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. In AT‐II cells, transfection resulted in over‐ or under‐regulation of miR‐20a‐5p. While overexpression of miR‐20a‐5p promoted pulmonary surfactant gene expression, its underexpression inhibited it. Consistent with its role in negatively regulating the pulmonary surfactant gene, an opposite pattern was observed for miR‐20a‐5p regulation of PTEN. As a result, when miR‐20a‐5p was rendered overexpressed, PTEN was down‐regulated. By contrast, when miR‐20a‐5p was underexpressed, PTEN was up‐regulated. Neither overexpression nor underexpression of miR‐20a‐5p altered the cell proliferation. miR‐20a‐5p plays no role in proliferation of foetal AT‐II cells but is a critical regulator of surfactant gene expression. The latter appears to be achieved through a regulatory process that implicates expression of PTEN.
Amygdala and affective responses to infant pictures: Comparing depressed and non‐depressed mothers and non‐mothers
Authors: Dudin Aya , Wonch Kathleen E. , Davis Andrew D. , Steiner Meir , Fleming Alison S. , Hall Geoffrey B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn many mammalian species, new mothers show heightened positive responsiveness to infants and their cues when they give birth. As is evident from non‐human and human studies, the amygdala is a brain region implicated in both the maternal and affective neural circuitry, and is involved in processing socioemotionally salient stimuli. In humans, infants are socially salient stimuli to women, and mothers in particular. Neuroimaging studies investigating the maternal response to infant cues have identified infant‐related amygdala function as an important factor in maternal anxiety/depression, in the quality of mothering and in individual differences in the motivation to mother. The present study investigated the effects of maternal status and depression on the subjective affective response and amygdala responsiveness to unfamiliar infants using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Smiling infant pictures were used in a 2 × 2 design comparing four groups of women: mothers and non‐mothers, with and without depression (total of 101 women: postpartum depression [PPD] = 32, non‐PPD = 25, major depression [MDD] = 15, non‐MDD = 29). We undertook an anatomically defined region of interest analysis of the amygdala response for a priori defined group comparisons. We found that mothers rated infants more positively than non‐mothers and non‐mothers rated non‐infant stimuli (scenery) more positively than mothers. In the amygdala, we found that depression elevated response to smiling unfamiliar infants in mothers but had no effect in non‐mothers. Within the depressed groups, mothers (PPD) showed an elevated amygdala response to unfamiliar smiling infants compared to depressed non‐mothers. Hence, our results indicate that women with PPD show an enhanced amygdala response to affectively positive infant pictures but not to affectively positive (but non‐salient) pictures of scenery. Women with depression outside of the postpartum period show no change in amygdala responsiveness to either stimulus categories.
Prospective, preclinical comparison of the performance between radiofrequency microneedling and microneedling alone in reversing photoaged skin
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Kwon Tae‐Rin , Kim Jong Hwan , Lee Byung Chul , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a tremendous demand for dermal rejuvenation with minimal invasiveness and patient downtime.AimsIn this study, we evaluated the performance of nonfractional monopolar radiofrequency for the improvement of photoaged skin texture and wrinkles.MethodsIn total, 32 6‐week‐old female hairless mice were randomized into four groups of eight mice each: (a) healthy control, (b) UVB‐exposed, (c) UVB + microneedling, and (d) UVB + microneedle RF. After applying each treatment modality, skin surface was globally investigated and histologically evaluated senile skin change. Immunohistochemistry was tested with the primary antibody to collagen type I and III.ResultsAfter UVB exposure, the Ra value was significantly increased, leading to clinical development of wrinkles with xerotic scales. Depth and number of wrinkles showed gradual improvement in RF‐treated mice. The mean Ra value of the RF‐treated group decreased significantly. The RF‐treated group showed decreased epidermal thickness, suppression of dermal inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased density of collagen fibers and amount of elastic fibers.ConclusionsMicroneedle RF treatment alleviates photoaged skin texture and wrinkles in this mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, our results provide the first evidence that a nonfractional monopolar microneedle radiofrequency device may contribute to the treatment of UV‐damaged skin.
Serum YKL40: A novel potential link between inflammation and dyslipidemia in acne vulgaris
Authors: Ebrahim Adel , Mustafa Amany Ibrahim , El‐Shimi Ola Samir , Fathy Mai Abdallah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory skin disorder that may be associated with metabolic disorders. The relation between lipid profile in acne is not widely investigated. Chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40) has been found to be implicated in different inflammatory conditions.AimsWe aimed at investigating the role YKL‐40 in acne pathogenesis and associated dyslipidemia in acne patients.Patients/MethodsThis study included 50 acne vulgaris patients and 30 matched control subjects. Serum YKL‐40 in addition to lipid profile were assessed in all studied subjects.ResultsSerum YKL‐40 level was significantly elevated in acne patients than healthy controls (P < .001). We also found a significant positive correlations between serum YKL‐40, serum TGs, TC, and LDL‐C (P value: .022, .001, .017 respectively) while, a significant negative correlation between serum YKL‐40 and HDL‐c (P value: .036) was detected.ConclusionOur study results suggest that YKL‐40 might have a role in AV pathogenesis. In addition, it could provide a new potential link between inflammation and dyslipidemia observed in acne patients.
A mini review on the common methods of pain reduction before filler and botulinum toxin injection
Authors: Fallahi Hamid Reza , keyhan Seied Omid , Zandian Dana , Sabzian Roya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs the desire for beauty and youthful appearance has increased in recent years, cosmetic injections are getting more attention. However, patients discomfort during these injections is a challenging issue.AimThis review explores common approaches to reduce pain and discomfort during cosmetic injections through the available literature.MethodsThe eligible studies through searching in PubMed have been entered to evaluate the common methods of pain reduction for cosmetic injections.ResultsAccording to reviewed studies, vibration, local anesthesia, and vapocoolant anesthesia are common methods applied in order to reduce pain and discomfort in patients. All of these methods are able to reduce pain through their affects on neuron fibers. Conclusion: It seems that all common approaches can result in some amount of pain reduction. Using a combination of these methods during injections, practitioners can successfully reduce the pain of injection.
Effects of sinomenine in LPS‐associated diseases are related to inhibition of LBP, Mac‐1, and L‐selectin levels
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Wang Jing , Chen Xiaolan , Jiang Chunmao , He Kongwang , Li Bin , Hu Yiyi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of the research was to investigate the anti‐endotoxin and anti‐inflammatory effects of Sinomenine, an agent commonly found in Chinese herbal medicines. Endotoxin (i.e., 1 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg)) was administered via intraperitoneal (IP) injection to piglets in high‐, middle‐, and low‐dose sinomenine groups. Piglets were then treated with 1, 5 or 10 mg/kg sinomenine, intramuscularly (i.m.), 3 hr after LPS. Vehicle was administered, as above, to drug control group piglets followed 3 hr later by 10 mg/kg sinomenine i.m.. LPS control group piglets were challenged with 1 mg/kg LPS IP, followed by vehicle i.m., and naïve control piglets were treated with normal saline IP, followed by normal saline i.m., as above. Temperatures were measured, and blood samples were collected from the precaval veins of piglets at 12, 24, and 48 hr post‐LPS or vehicle injection. Clinical signs were recorded, and index levels were analyzed via ELISA. Sinomenine was found to reduce the incidence and severity of LPS‐induced toxicities, including body temperature elevation, cell adhesion, and systemic inflammation. These data suggest that sinomenine may be effective for regulating inflammatory responses and has the potential for use as an anti‐endotoxin therapy.
The pharmacokinetics of cytarabine administered at three distinct subcutaneous dosing protocols in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin
Authors: Jones Aslynn , McGrath Stephanie , Gustafson Daniel L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the standard cytarabine (Ara‐C) protocol (50 mg/m2 subcutaneously every 12 hr for 2 days) used for dogs with neuroinflammatory disease and compare it to two more practical protocols (a single 200 mg/m2 subcutaneous dose and two 100 mg/m2 subcutaneous doses every 12 hr). Four client‐owned dogs previously diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin were administered three distinct Ara‐C protocols with a 21‐day washout between each protocol. A complete blood count was performed seven days after each dosing protocol to assess for clinically relevant myelosuppression. No adverse events were observed. Plasma Ara‐C concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry assay. The mean maximal concentrations in this study were 4,230, 9,293, and 16,675 ng/ml for a single dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/m2, respectively. There was a linear relationship between dose and drug exposure. Drug exposure was similar regardless of the dosing protocol when the total dose was analyzed, with an area under the concentration versus time curve of 37,026, 38,465, and 32,510 ng × hr/ml for 50, 100, and 200 mg/m2, respectively.
A Note on Specification Testing in Some Structural Regression Models
Authors: Beckert Walter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere exists a useful framework for jointly implementing Durbin–Wu–Hausman exogeneity and Sargan–Hansen overidentification tests, as a single artificial regression. This note sets out the framework for linear models and discusses its extension to nonlinear models. It also provides an empirical example and some Monte Carlo results.
Fossil liberation: a model to explain high biodiversity in the Triassic Cassian Formation
Authors: Roden Vanessa Julie , Hausmann Imelda M. , Nützel Alexander , Seuss Barbara , Reich Mike , Urlichs Max , Hagdorn Hans , Kiessling Wolfgang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith 1429 animal species, the Triassic Cassian Formation in the Dolomites, Southern Alps (Italy), yields the highest species richness reported from any spatially constrained pre‐Quaternary formation known to science. The high preserved diversity is partly attributable to a high primary diversity governed by the tropical setting, increasing alpha diversity, and the breadth of habitats spurring beta diversity. More important is the excellent preservation of fossils and the ease with which they can be extracted from the poorly lithified sediments. We propose the term ‘liberation Lagerstätten’ to capture this preservational window. In contrast to conservation Lagerstätten, liberation Lagerstätten like the Cassian Formation originate from normal marine conditions but low‐grade diagenesis. Molluscs contribute substantially to species richness, comprising 67% of all invertebrate species in the Cassian Formation. The gastropod dominance (39% of all species) is nearly as great as in Recent tropical settings, contradicting the concept of a substantial Cenozoic rise.