bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle-to-Bone Mass Ratio: A Novel Biomarker for Osteoporosis Screening and Fracture Risk Assessment in the Elderly
Authors: zeng jingqi , Jia Xiaobin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Amidst the escalating prevalence of osteoporosis, particularly in China’s burgeoning elderly populace, our investigation pioneers the evaluation of Muscle-to-Bone Mass Ratio (MBR) as a pivotal biomarker for osteoporosis and its consequent fracture risk. Through meticulous analysis of the extensive "Human Body Composition Dataset for the Chinese Population," encompassing 152,449 subjects, we have discerned critical MBR subgroups within the elderly cohort, offering fresh stratification in osteoporosis susceptibility. The study underscores a distinct physiological phase between ages 50-55, where MBR alterations are most acute, signifying an optimal juncture for preventive measures against osteoporosis. Our comparative analysis illustrates that an MBR≥16 is indicative of heightened osteoporosis risk, with corresponding reductions in Bone Mineral Content (BMC), muscle mass, and other osteoporotic markers. This subgroup also uniquely portrays the gender-specific risk, with postmenopausal females exhibiting additional risk factors such as increased adiposity and reduced stature. Importantly, MBR measured through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using home scales enables long-term osteoporosis monitoring at home, compared to the traditional Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). These findings advocate for the integration of MBR in clinical settings, potentially refining the current osteoporosis screening and management paradigm.
Research on the operational properties of the soft gripper pads
Authors: Białek Marcin , Rybarczyk Dominik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Grippers are commonly used as a technological tooling for manipulators. They enable robots to interact with objects in their work area. Grippers have a wide range of differentiation focused on the operation performed and the properties (e.g. shape) of the object being gripped. Their design and functionality are constantly being modified, tuned and developed by both academic and industrial units. Consequently, this paper presents a proposal for a lightweight jaw using MR fluid, which can be implemented in a jaw gripper (e.g. Robotiq 2F-140) to form a hybrid soft-rigid structure. In addition, methods are presented for studying the use of soft structures in a jaw gripper. As part of the work carried out, a model of the cushion and jaw of the gripper was developed, the FEM was used to obtain the character of the deformation when the object is axially plunged into it. Experimental plunging tests as well as dynamic tests of object transfer were also carried out. The work carried out allowed to demonstrate several key aspects of the grippers area. The soft structures of the grippers should be studied in terms of the force required to deform them. This determines their applicability to fragile and deformable objects. Dynamic measurements of the handling of objects of different shapes, with simultaneous measurement of force, allow the effectiveness of the use of soft structures in the gripper to be determined. Such experiments will make it possible to determine the measurable stability and repeatability of the grasp. The results of the research and experiments will be particularly applicable to robotic arms with relatively low lifting capacity.
High-temperature thermodynamic properties of Y-doped barium zirconates, BaZr1–xYxO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2), with perovskite-type structure
Authors: Tsvetkov Dmitry , Malyshkin Dmitry , Sereda Vladimir , Ivanov Ivan , Tsvetkova Nadezhda , Zuev Andrey 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Perovskite-type oxides BaZr1–xYxO3−x/2 (x = 0.1, 0.2) were synthesized and their enthalpy increments were measured by means of high-temperature drop calorimetry in the temperature range of (373–1273) K in air. The data obtained were used for estimating the high-temperature thermodynamic functions (constant pressure heat capacity and entropy increments) of the zirconates BaZr1–xYxO3−x/2 (x = 0.1, 0.2). They were found to be only weakly dependent on the concentration of Y-dopant. Thermal expansion coefficient of zirconates BaZr1–xYxO3−x/2 (x = 0.1, 0.2) was successfully estimated by Grüneisen equation. Also, Neumann-Kopp rule was shown to be inapplicable for accurate estimation of heat capacities of the studied oxides. Thermodynamic analysis showed that BaZr1–xYxO3−x/2 (x = 0.1, 0.2) oxides are prone to chemical interaction with CO2 at typical working temperatures of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells. Some possibilities to overcome this issue have been discussed.
MoPtc5 plays synergistic roles with MoPtc1 and MoPtc2 in the vegetative growth, stress adaptation, and virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Biregeya Jules , Otieno Frankine Jagero , Chen Meilian , Yang Zifeng , Mabeche Anjago Wilfred , Zhang Ruina , Felix Abah , Nkurikiyimfura Oswald , Aimable Nsanzinshuti , Saddeeq Yakubu , Hong Yonghe , Wang Zonghua , Tang Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Protein phosphatases are crucial enzymes that regulate key cellular processes such as cell cycle, gene transcription, and translation in eukaryotes. Seven PP2C protein phosphatases have been identified in Magnaporthe oryzae. However, their synergistic roles in the pathology and physiology of M. oryzae remain poorly investigated. By qRT-PCR analysis we found that PTC1 and PTC2 are significantly upregulated in the PTC5 deletion mutant. Double deletion of MoPTC5/MoPTC1 and MoPTC5/MoPTC2 genes significantly reduced hyphal growth, conidiophore formation, sporulation, and virulence in M. oryzae. In addition, the double knockout mutants were increasingly sensitive to different osmotic, oxidative, and cell wall stresses. Western blot analysis revealed that MoPtc5 plays a synergistic function with MoPtc1 and MoPtc2 in the regulation of MoMps1 and MoOsm1 phosphorylation levels. Lastly, appressorium formation and turgor generation were remarkably affected in the ΔMoptc5ΔMoptc1 and ΔMoptc5ΔMoptc2 double deletion mutants. These findings demonstrate the synergistic roles of PP2c protein phosphatase in the fungal development and pathogenesis of M. oryzae.
Carob Fruit Extract as Naturally Products Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper-Nickel Alloys in Brine Solutions
Authors: Fouda Abd El Aziz S. , Nageeb Mona , Gaber Ghalia A. , Ahmed Amal S. , El-Hossiany Ahmed A. , Atia Mohamed F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Copper-nickel alloys are the preferred material for desalination facilities and condensers and heat exchangers that use saltwater as a coolant. The eco-friendly compounds especially Carob fruit extract (CFE) has emerged as excessive green corrosion inhibitor for alloys. Cu-Ni alloys are widely used in various industries due to their excellent corrosion resistance. However, their performance can be compromised in aggressive environments like seawater (which is approximately 3.5% NaCl). To evaluate the corrosion behavior of these alloys and the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors, researchers often employ weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that CFE exhibited a good ability to decrease the CR of alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution. The inhibition efficacy (IE) was reached to 92.6 % and ̴ 83.2% at 300 ppm dose of CFE for Cu-10Ni alloy and Cu-30Ni alloy, respectively. The CR increases with temperature rising, but the addition of CFE reduces the CR, and the reduction depends on the dose of the extract. Adsorption of the extract gives a good fit to Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherms model. The free adsorption energies of CFE on Cu-10Ni and Cu-30Ni alloys were 17.61 and 15.86 kJ mol-1, respectively, suggesting that CFE was weakly held to both alloys. The presence of a protective film on the alloys surface is confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The study suggests that utilizing affordable, natural substances as green corrosion inhibitors presents a new strategy for promoting both resource efficiency and environmental sustainability.
A machine learning approach to predict demand-to- capacity ratio for reinforced concrete jacketing of columns in seismic-deficient buildings
Authors: Singh Abhilash , Dutta Subhrajit , Agrawal Govinda , Sapre Mandar S. , Kulkarni Anand J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings risk seismic damage because they were not constructed in compliance with seismic design standards and may have irregular mass distribution and construction defects. Typically, columns in these buildings are designed to withstand only gravity loads, making them vulnerable to damage or collapse during earthquakes. Retrofitting these columns using an RC jacket system is a standard way to enhance seismic resilience. However, conventional parametric modeling for RC jacketed structures using physics-based (finite element) modeling can be time-consuming and non-intuitive. To address this challenge, the present study proposes a novel data-driven machine-learning approach to predict RC jacketed columns' demand-to-capacity ratio (DCR), aiming for a reasonably accurate design with reduced computational time. Various design parameters related to RC column jacketing are considered when predicting the DCR. The datasets generated in post-processing are used to train Graphical Neural Network (GNN) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The dataset encompasses parameterization of design variables, including retrofit location, concrete compressive strength, cross-sectional dimensions, jacket thickness, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement areas, yielding reinforcement strength, and slenderness ratio. Subsequently, both models are fitted and evaluated against a test dataset to identify the optimal performer, using a multiple scorer performance index as the model evaluation metric. The analysis indicates that the GMM model emerges as the most suitable regressor for DCR estimation, exhibiting lower residual error than the GNN model.
Integration of GWAS and transcriptome analysis to identify temperature-dependent genes involved in germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Wang Ruisen , Wu Guangyu , Zhang Jingyi , Hu Weizhen , Hua Shuijin , Yao Xiangtan , Jiang Lixi , Zhu Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Low temperature germination (LTG) is one of crucial agronomic traits for field-grown rapeseed in the Yangtze River basin, where delayed direct sowing frequently exposes seeds to cold stress during germination. Despite its importance, the genetic basis underlying rapeseed germination under different temperatures remains largely unexplored. Here we screened out two cultivars with different LTG performance (JY1621 and JY1605) and conducted transcriptome sequencing at five key timepoints under different temperatures. Comparative analysis among multiple groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed sets of early and late temperature response germination (ETRG and LTRG) genes, as well as cold-tolerant (CDT) and temperature-insensitive (TPI) candidate regulators at different germination stages. Furthermore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using germination index (GI) of 273 rapeseed accessions and identified 24 significant loci associated with the germination trait under the normal temperature. Through integrated analysis of transcriptome sequencing and GWAS, we identified a series of candidate genes involved in temperature-dependent germination. To further verify the results, we analyzed expression patterns and haplotype distributions of BnaA3.CYP77A4and BnaA3.NAC078 among the genetic population. This study performed a comprehensive multi-omics analysis on temperature-dependent germination and provides insights for low-temperature germination breeding of rapeseed.
00Mechanical, Structural, Electronic, Magnetic, and Thermomagnetic Properties of the Full-Heusler Fe 2 MnAs 1−x Si x alloy: DFT and Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Gharaibeh Maen , Almahmoud Amer , Almahmoud Ali , Obeidat Abdalla 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The thermomagnetic, electronic, structural, and mechanical properties of the Fe2MnAs1 − xSix (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) full Heusler alloys were investigated using Monte Carlo simulation (MCs) and density functional theory (DFT). Both the pure and doped structures exhibit the L21 prototype, and there is a noticeable decline in the lattice parameter as the Si concentration increases. Electronic analysis was performed using Wien2k and the calculations were conducted using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method implementing various approximations including GGA-PBE, mBJ-GGA, GGA + U, and PBEsol (GGAsol). Studying exchange coupling parameters revealed that ferromagnetic states primarily arise from the interactions between Fe-Mn and Fe–Fe in both pure and doped structures. The resultant Curie temperature ranged from 215 K to 490 K by investigating the magnetic properties. Additionally, different mechanical properties such as Poisson’s ratio, linear compressibility, anisotropy parameter, shear, bulk, and Young’s modulus were examined for all the structures.
Research on the Removal of Organic Matter from NF Effluent by Activated Carbon Adsorption Combined with Ozone/Fenton Advanced Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Qian , Lin Yan , Jiang Lang , Tan Senwen , Liu Xilong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To address the issue of organic matter not meeting standards in membrane treatment of landfill leachate effluent, this study innovatively employed activated carbon adsorption combined with ozonation/Fenton advanced oxidation for treating organic matter in NF effluent. The focus was on examining the pre-treatment effectiveness of activated carbon adsorption, the optimal parameters for ozonation/Fenton advanced oxidation, treatment performance, and degradation mechanisms. The results indicated that after 1 hour of adsorption and sedimentation, the removal rate reached 25.3%. Compared to singular Fenton advanced oxidation and singular ozonation processes, the TOC removal rate using Fenton synergistic ozonation advanced oxidation improved by 48.1% and 14.1%, respectively. The optimal treatment conditions for Fenton synergistic ozonation advanced oxidation were: pH 5, ozone concentration of 100 mg/L, and an oxygen feed rate of 1 L/min. GC-MS analysis results showed a significant reduction in large molecular weight organic matter in the NF effluent after advanced oxidation treatment. Photometric detection verified that Fenton synergistic ozonation advanced oxidation effectively increased the yield of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). This study provides new insights for improving the treatment processes of landfill leachate, holding significant practical application value.
Use of various alcohols in the synthesis of foaming compositions and properties of polyimide foam materials based on them
Authors: Svetlichnyi Valentin , Polotnyanshchikov Konstantin , Vaganov Gleb , Ivanov Alexey , Ivankova Elena , Popova Elena , Myagkova Lyudmila , Yudin Vladimir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The synthesis of foaming prepolymers based on esterified dianhydride of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid in the presence of three alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was carried out. The influence of the nature of the used alcohol on the duration of dianhydride esterification and on the properties of the formed polyimide foams was shown. The process of formation of diesters of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid and the structure of the resulting polyimide foams were investigated by IR spectroscopy. A comparative study of the mechanical and thermal properties of polyimide foams obtained using various alcohols was carried out. The structure of the obtained polyimide foams was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the use of methanol allows one to obtain more rigid foams, and ethanol - more elastic ones. The density of the synthesized foam materials ranged from 7.41 to 9.15 kg/m3, and the elastic modulus was equal to 39–120 kPa. All obtained foam samples demonstrate high heat resistance.
Earth’s core may have segregated at low pressure
Authors: Wade Jon , Wood Bernard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The current, widely accepted model of terrestrial accretion is that proto-Earth began as
a small reduced inner solar system body and grew by adding a mixture of reduced,
metal-rich and oxidised (outer solar system) metal-poor bodies with overall oxidation
state increasing during planetary growth(1,2). Core segregation took place
simultaneously with accretion at pressures which increased as the planet grew,
reaching values of 40 GPa, equivalent to >800 km depth (e.g.,1; 2). These extreme
pressures are required to explain the estimated partitioning of siderophile (iron-loving)
elements between core and mantle. Here we challenge this model and present an
alternative based on low pressure core segregation (0-3GPa) in the presence of the
most abundant mantle mineral, olivine. Olivine is a major mantle reservoir for Ni, the
element whose core-mantle partitioning behaviour best constrains the pressures of
core segregation. We construct our model Earth from a mixture of oxidised and reduced
bodies all of which segregate their cores at low pressure and show that, with the
addition of olivine we can explain the current core-mantle partitioning of Ni, Co, V, Cr,
W, Mo and Nb. Importantly we propose tests which would show that pressures were
much higher than in our model.
Optical fiber sensor used for measuring the rotation angle of the disconnecting switch
Authors: Jing Zhang , Qingchuan Gu , Pu Wan , Yinxu Liu , Desheng Yang , Xin Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In order to solve the problem that the traditional electronic angle sensor cannot be directly installed on the high voltage isolation switch for Angle measurement, a system for high voltage isolating le measurement is proposed. The switch rotation angle is converted to a straight line for measurement, and the rotation angle of the switch is calculated by photoelectric conversion technology. The light source fluctuation of the laser receiver causes the nonlinear output result of the laser receiver, which compensates for the light intensity received by the receiver in both hardware and software respectively. In the hardware aspect, a two-optical path receiving compensation method is proposed for compensation. In terms of software, the compensation method for sparrow search algorithm (SSA) (SSA-BP) is proposed to improve the detection accuracy. The experimental results show that the average absolute error decreased to 0.18 and 0.3 after the dual-path receiving compensation method and SSA-BP compensation.
Self-Interference Cancellation in Asynchronous Channel-Unaware Two-Way Relay Networks
Authors: Soleimanifard Ali , Bameri Salime , Abbasi-Moghadam Dariush 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we consider asynchronous channel-unaware two-way relay networks in which, two single-antenna sources exchange information through a multiple-antenna amplify and forward relay. These networks confront two challenges; the asynchronization of the received signals and existence of self-interference signals. To overcome these challenges, we propose a combination of a self-interference cancellation signalling scheme with an asynchronous detection scheme. This combination completely cancels the self-interference and the effect of asynchronization. To analyze the performance of the proposed scheme, we obtain an upper bound the pair wise error probability. This bound shows that, at high signal to noise ratios, the proposed scheme achieves non-zero diversity in contrast to its counterparts which are suffering from error floor and zero diversity. Moreover, it is shown that the coding gain increases with the number of relay antennas. This analytical results are confirmed by the numerical simulation results. Furthermore, power allocation between two sources and the relay is investigated numerically.
Analysis of the Dynamic Changes and Driving Factors of Energy and Carbon Flows in China from 2005 to 2021
Authors: Dai Longwei , Wang Shaohua , Ouyang Shengxiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

As global CO2 emissions continue to rise, understanding regional carbon flows and the factors driving these increases is vital for shaping effective emission reduction policies and advancing low-carbon economies. This study analyzes China's CO2 emissions from 2005 to 2021 using energy statistics and material flow analysis to construct carbon flow diagrams. Emissions were examined across energy supply, processing and conversion, and consumption sectors. The logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method was used to decompose CO2 emission growth into contributions from 10 driving factors. Key findings show that coal dominates China's energy supply, resulting in a uniform carbon structure. Electricity and heat production generate significant emissions in the processing sector, while residential consumption drives rising emissions across consumer sectors. The main positive drivers of CO2 emission growth were per capita GDP (22.62%), vehicle numbers (1.27%), and household income (2.58%), while energy intensity in production (-9.60%) and residential sectors (-1.32%) were major negative drivers. This research provides empirical and theoretical support for China's "dual carbon strategy".
Establishment and application of Recombinase-aided amplification combined with LbCas12a for the rapid detection of Karenia brevis
Authors: Wu Yinsheng , Chen Enhua , Sun Bingshun , Chen Jianming , Wang Lu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Species of the Karenia genus are widely distributed in global waters and frequently cause harmful algal blooms (HABs), posing significant threats to coastal ecosystems, aquaculture, and human safety. Among them, Karenia brevis is one of the most extensively studied species due to its production of brevetoxins, which are highly toxic to marine life and can adversely impact public health. In this study, we developed a rapid detection method that combines Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) with CRISPR/LbCas12a, aimed at the precise identification of K. brevis. Specific RAA primers and crRNAs were designed based on the highly variable regions of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of K. brevis. After screening multiple RAA primer pairs and crRNAs, the optimal combination was identified, ensuring both high efficiency and specificity of the detection system. For field application, two detection modes were employed: fluorescence-based (FQ) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD), along with a simple and rapid DNA extraction method. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the detection limit of this method was 5.9 × 10³ copies/µL for plasmid DNA and 1 cell/mL for live cells. Environmental water samples collected during a HAB event in Lianjiang, Fujian Province, in May 2024, tested negative for K. brevis using the RAA-CRISPR/LbCas12a system. However, two other Karenia species—Karenia mikimotoi and Karenia longicanalis—were identified through ITS fragment amplification, cloning sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In spiked experiments where K. brevis was introduced into natural water samples, the RAA-CRISPR/LbCas12a system accurately detected its presence. Overall, the RAA-CRISPR/LbCas12a detection system demonstrated excellent sensitivity, specificity and operational simplicity, making it a promising tool for rapid field detection of K. brevis and potentially suitable for broader applications in HAB monitoring.