bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparasion Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate with Telbivudine in Preventing Hepatitis B Transmission in Mothers with High Viral Load: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Ming , Zhu Yunxia , Pang Qiumei , Li Ran , Zhang Hua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Little observational data exist regarding the comparasion of efficacy and safety between tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) and Telbivudine(Ldt) in late pregnancy on preventing hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in real-world settings.Methods

We retrospectively enrolled HB-s antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers with HBV DNA ≥2*10 5 IU/mL to receive TDF or LdT after gestational weeks 24~32 weeks. All infants received standard immunoprophylaxis. The primary outcomes were the MTCT rates at infants’ age of 52 weeks and the safety of TDF or LdT use. The secondary outcomes were the decline of HBV-DNA levels at delivery and the rates of on-treatment and off-treatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation>2 uper limit normal(ULN) during the study.Results

Of 1407 patients enrolled, 209 patients received TDF treatment and 1198 patients received LdT treatment. There were no difference between the mean duration of TDF and Ldt treatment (TDF vs.LdT: 11.76±2.20 weeks vs 11.64±2.79 weeks, P >0.05) .At birth, 9.8% of infants in the TDF-treatment group were HBsAg positive, lower than 20.8% in the LDT-treatment group (P<0.001). Among 1405 infants (TDF/LdT=213/1192) of the 1385 (TDF/LdT=205/1180) patients completed the 52-week study, intention‐to‐treat analysis indicated 0.5% (1 infant was lost to follow-up) in TDF treated mother and 0.3% in LDT treated mothers (3 infant was lost to follow-up). There was no difference between TDF group and LdT(P>0.05). On-treatment analysis indicated 0% of HBsAg positive infants in the three group (P>0.05). The levels of HBV-DNA decline in TDF-treated mothers were observed comparable in LdT treated mother (4.05±0.93 log 10 IU/ml vs.3.99±1.30 log 10 IU/ml, P> 0.05).TDF treated mothers had complained more symptoms of .nausea,anorexia and dizziness and less arthralgia than LdT treated mothers. All the adverse events of three groups were grade I-II.Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation(>2ULN) in TDF-treated mothers were observed lower in TDF-treated mothers than LdT-treated mothers(7.3% vs.15.7%, P < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase flares in TDF-treated mothers were observed lower than LdT-treated mothers(7.3% vs.15.7%, P < 0.05) .Conclusions

TDF and LdT use in late pregnancy for highly viremic mothers was equally effective in reducing MTCT. TDF treated mothers complained more symptoms of disgestive systemmore and had less ALT abnormalities than LdT.
A Course on Endovascular Training for Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (ET-REBOA): A Pilot Study for Residents and Specialists
Authors: Chang Sung Wook , Lee Seok Won , Jo Han Cheol , Kim Dong Hun , Chang Ye Rim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has emerged as a salvage technique changing the paradigm in the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage. However, training for the REBOA procedure is rarely performed. The endovascular training for REBOA (ET-REBOA) course was conducted to develop the endovascular skills of participants. Methods: Sixteen residents and 12 specialists participated in this educational course. All participants were provided with pre-course learning materials that consisted of a lecture on the introduction of REBOA and a demonstration video clip a week before the course. The ET-REBOA course consisted of two sections: an ultrasound-guided sheath insertion on the puncture model, and a balloon manipulation on the vascular circuit model. A 13-item procedure checklist and the time required to perform the procedure were examined. Pre/post self-reported confidence score and course satisfaction questionnaire was obtained. Results: Twenty-eight participants performed the 56 REBOA procedures. Seven of 16 residents failed their first attempt. On the first attempt, the median total time for REBOA from ultrasound-guided vascular access to balloon inflation was 1139 ± 250 s in the resident group and 828 ± 280 s in the specialist group. The median shortened time for completion was 273 s in the resident group and 290 s in the specialist group. A significant decrease in procedure task time was observed between first and second attempt in the resident group (p = 0.016), specialist group (p = 0.004), and in total amongst all participants (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The ET-REBOA course significantly decreased the time taken to perform the REBOA procedure with high satisfaction of the participants. The course could be an effective curriculum for the development of endovascular skills for performing REBOA.
Identification of specific B cell linear epitopes of Mycoplasma hyorhinis P37 protein using monoclonal antibodies against baculovirus-expressed P37 protein
Authors: Zhu Hongzhen , Wei Yanwu , Huang Liping , Liu Dan , Xie Yongxing , Xia Deli , Bian Haiqiao , Feng Li , Liu Changming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) is the etiologic agent of lameness and polyserositis in swine. P37 is a membrane protein of Mhr that may be an important immunogen and is a potential target for diagnostic development. However, there is little information concerning Mhr P37 protein epitopes. A precise analysis of the P37 protein epitopes should extend our understanding of the antigenic composition of the P37 protein and the humoral immune responses to Mhr infection. Investigating the epitopes of Mhr P37 will help to establish a detection method for Mhr in tissue and provide an effective tool for detecting Mhr infection.

Results

Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) confirmed that the expressed P37 protein was recognized by Mhr-positive porcine and mouse sera. Furthermore, the P37 protein was purified using affinity chromatography and used to immunize mice for hybridoma cell fusion. Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) found to be positive for Mhr were detected in infected lung tissue. A panel of truncated P37 proteins was used to identify the minimal B cell linear epitopes of the protein based on these mAbs. The core epitope was determined to be 206 KIKKAWNDKDWNTFRNF 222 .

Conclusions

In this study, we identified 17 critical amino acids that determine the epitope of the P37 protein of Mhr. This study identified mAbs that could provide useful tools for investigating the Mhr P37 antigenic core epitope (amino acids 206-222) and detecting Mhr-specific antigens in infected tissue.
Manure and Management Affect Grassland Production and Soil Quality in Organic Lamb Production
Authors: Bryan William B. , Mata Domingo J. , Gekara Ondieki J. 
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas
Effects of small applications of manure on soil quality will persist for 10 yr.
Designating grassland use as pasture only will maintain productivity and soil quality.
Using grassland for hay will increase production and lower soil quality.
Grasslands occupy many hectares of hill land. Little research has been published on grassland management on such land. Two farming systems, producing spring lamb, were compared in the 10‐yr experiment reported here. Treatments were low and high external inputs with three replications. Animals were on the grassland all year, from which they obtained over 90% of annual feed requirements. Manure was applied in Years 1 and 3 to the fields under high‐external‐inputs treatment. Herbage mass accumulation, botanical composition, lamb performance, and soil quality were measured. Three grassland uses were applied to each of one‐third of the area of each system and were designated pasture, buffer, and hay uses. Pasture‐use fields were grazed only. Hay‐use fields were harvested twice for hay and grazed. Buffer‐use areas were harvested for first‐cut hay and grazed. Fields receiving manure accumulated almost 10% more herbage mass and produced almost 30% more lamb ha−1 than fields receiving no manure. Pasture use fields had less grass and more forbs and dead material than buffer and hay uses. Available P, K, Ca, and Mg were greater on manure‐applied fields. Available K and Mg were greater on fields used for pasture compared with hay use. Application of manure (annual addition of 15, 5, and 12 kg ha−1 N, P, and K, respectively), a higher stocking rate, and dividing the grassland resource into pasture, buffer, and hay uses increased lamb production up to 30%ha−1 annually without affecting production per animal.
Degree of Phosphorus Saturation as a Predictor of Redox‐Induced Phosphorus Release from Flooded Soils to Floodwater
Authors: Kumaragamage Darshani , Amarawansha Geethani S. , Indraratne Srimathie P. , Jayarathne Kumudu , Flaten Donald N. , Zvomuya Francis , Akinremi Olalekan O. 
Published: October 2019

Phosphorus (P) loss from soils is often enhanced under flooded, anaerobic conditions, increasing the risk of freshwater eutrophication. We aimed to develop a predictive tool to identify soils with greater P release potential under summer‐flooded conditions, which would help in developing strategies to mitigate P losses. One in situ mesocosm study was conducted in field plots with three treatments: cattle manure amended, monoammonium phosphate amended, and unamended. Two ex situ field mesocosm studies were conducted, each having 12 surface soils from agricultural fields. Prior to flooding, soils were analyzed for various soil test P (STP, intensity) and P sorption measures (capacity), and degree of P saturation (DPS) indices were calculated using different intensity and capacity combinations. Mesocosms were flooded and redox potential, pore water, and floodwater dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations were determined periodically up to 42 (in situ) and 56 d (ex situ) after the onset of flooding. Floodwater DRP increased significantly in most soils with flooding time, and the maximum DRP (DRPmax) was considered as the flooding‐induced P release risk. Relationships between floodwater DRPmax and STP or DPS indices were established separately for low‐P (Olsen P ≤ 30 mg kg−1) and high‐P (>30 mg kg−1) soils. Several STP indices effectively predicted the P release risk from high‐P soils, but not from low‐P soils. However, DPS calculated using Olsen P (intensity) and P sorption capacity or P saturation index (capacity) performed better in predicting summer flooding‐induced P release across all soil categories, with a higher predictive power.Core Ideas
Floodwater P concentration increased with flooding time in most soils.
High P release risk with flooding was shown even in soils with low soil test P.
Soil test P was not a good predictor of flooding‐induced risk of P release from soils.
Several degree of P saturation indices were better predictors than soil test P.
Identifying soils with high P release risk can help in efforts to mitigate P losses.
Comparison of Weighted and Unweighted Stage‐Wise Analysis for Genome‐Wide Association Studies and Genomic Selection
Authors: Damesa Tigist Mideksa , Hartung Jens , Gowda Manje , Beyene Yoseph , Das Biswanath , Semagn Kassa , Piepho Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBoth genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) are done using phenotypic and genomic data. The phenotypic data are usually based on multi‐environment trials (MET). For both GWAS and GS the analysis can be conducted using a single‐stage or a stage‐wise approach. Single‐stage analysis is most efficient but it can also be computationally demanding. The computational demand increases compared to purely phenotypic analysis when marker information is added for doing the GWAS or the GS. Application of stage‐wise analysis is a common alternative procedure to alleviate the computational burden in MET analysis, and it can also be used for GWAS and/or GS. If done properly, it can closely mimic single‐stage analysis. The aim of this study is to compare weighted stage‐wise analysis versus unweighted stage‐wise analysis for GWAS and GS using phenotypic and genotypic maize data. For weighting we use a fully efficient and a diagonal method. Our result show that weighting is to be preferred over unweighted analysis and that there is a modest advantage in using the fully efficient weighting method over other weighting methods for GS. For GWAS the diagonal weighting method performs better, however, its difference from the fully efficient weighting is very small.
Identification of Drought-Responsive Proteins of Sensitive and Tolerant Tea (Camellia sinensis L) Clones under Normal and Drought Stress Conditions
Authors: Rahimi Mehdi , Kordrostami Mojtaba , Mortezavi Mojtaba , SafaeiChaeikar Sanam 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Tea is one of the most popular calming drinks. Drought is a major environmental
factor that limited the growth and development of plants.

Objective: :
Therefore, the identification of proteins under the drought stress conditions in tea can have
an essential role in the breeding programs and tea production.

Methods::
For this purpose, 14 tea clones were studied under normal and drought stress conditions in
two separate experiments, and the leaves of the clones were stored at −80°C. After the identification of
two clones (100 and 278) as tolerant and sensitive clones, respectively, the proteomics approach was
used to compare the leaf protein profile changes under both conditions.

Results::
The results of proteomics showed about 500 detectable protein spots, of which 250 spots were
repeatable. Among the 250 reproducible spots, 16 spots responded to the drought stress, which showed
the highest amount of variation among the treatments. Thioredoxin, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase,
ribosomal protein, and hsp70 were mentioned among the identified proteins. These proteins were involved
in various cellular functions.

Conclusion::
Identified proteins also had a crucial role in regulating carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism
and the scavenging of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Upregulation of proteins involved in
protein processing (ribosomal protein), oxygen species scavenging, and defense (Superoxide dismutase,
Peroxidase, and thioredoxin) may increase plant adaptation to drought stress. This study was
the first report that showed ribosomal protein L32 was significantly changed in tea against drought
stress response. Therefore, these proteins can protect the plant against drought stress. This study partially
identified the drought stress proteins in the tea plant.
Corticosteroid as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review & Meta-analysis
Authors: Mishra Nihar R. , Panigrahi Manoj K. , Bhatt Girish C. , Das Rashmi R. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Corticosteroid exerts anti-inflammatory action and can prevent tissue
damage resulting from various causes. Studies have shown that corticosteroids may prevent the
damaging effect of tuberculosis (TB) in various organs, but there is no published meta-analysis
specifically looking for the effect of corticosteroid in endobronchial TB.

Objective:
To synthesize the evidence regarding the usefulness of corticosteroid in endo-bronchial
TB.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was performed of the major electronic databases till 30th November
2018. Randomized trials comparing treatment with corticosteroid as an adjunct to antitubercular
drugs (ATT) versus placebo/no treatment in endobronchial TB were included. Three
authors independently applied eligibility criteria, assessed the studies for methodological quality,
and extracted data. The review is registered at PROSPERO database [CRD42016047063].

Results:
Out of 525 search results, 4 trials including 205 patients (151 children) were eligible for
inclusion. Oral prednisolone was used in various dose schedules. Rifampicin containing ATT regimen
was used in 3 trials. The bronchoscopy findings showed no significant improvement at 1
month (effect size could not be calculated due to 0 event in the intervention group, p = 0.05), 2
months (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.8), and at completion of ATT (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.1 to 4.14) in
steroid-treated group compared to the control group. The need for repeat bronchoscopy was significantly
decreased in the steroid group (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.9). Among the adverse events, the
infection rate was significantly lesser in the steroid group (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.97); but other
adverse events (mortality, hypertension, and abdominal distension) showed no significant difference
between the two groups. The GRADE evidence generated was of very low quality.

Conclusions:
The present meta-analysis showed that oral steroid does not help patients with endobronchial
tuberculosis. However, the quality of evidence was very low. Future trials with robust
design and a larger sample size would be required to provide any firm recommendation regarding
the use of oral prednisolone in endobronchial tuberculosis.
Observation of the Pulp Chamber of Maxillary First Premolars: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study
Authors: Serindere Gozde , Belgin Ceren Aktuna , Orhan Kaan 
Published: October 2019

Background:
There are a few studies about the evaluation of maxillary first premolars
internal structure with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The aim of this study was to assess
morphological features of the pulp chamber in maxillary first premolar teeth using micro-
CT.

Methods:
Extracted 15 maxillary first premolar teeth were selected from the patients who were in
different age groups. The distance between the pulp orifices, the diameter of the pulp and the
width of the pulp chamber floor were measured on the micro-CT images with the slice thickness
of 13.6 µm. The number of root canal orifices and the presence of isthmus were evaluated.

Results:
The mean diameter of orifices was 0.73 mm on the buccal side while it was 0.61 mm on
palatinal side. The mean distance between pulp orifices was 2.84 mm. The mean angle between
pulp orifices was -21.53°. The mean height of pulp orifices on the buccal side was 4.32 mm while
the mean height of pulp orifices on the palatinal side was 3.56 mm. The most observed shape of
root canal orifices was flattened ribbon. No isthmus was found in specimens.

Conclusion:
Minor anatomical structures can be evaluated in more detail with micro-CT. The observation
of the pulp cavity was analyzed using micro-CT.
Lung Cancer Classification and Gene Selection by Combining Affinity Propagation Clustering and Sparse Group Lasso
Authors: Li Juntao , Chang Mingming , Gao Qinghui , Song Xuekun , Gao Zhiyu 
Published: October 2019

Background:Cancer threatens human health seriously. Diagnosing cancer via gene expression analysis is a hot topic in cancer research.Objective:The study aimed to diagnose the accurate type of lung cancer and discover the pathogenic genes.Methods:In this study, Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering with similarity score was employed to each type of lung cancer and normal lung. After grouping genes, sparse group lasso was adopted to construct four binary classifiers and the voting strategy was used to integrate them.Results:This study screened six gene groups that may associate with different lung cancer subtypes among 73 genes groups, and identified three possible key pathogenic genes, KRAS, BRAF and VDR. Furthermore, this study achieved improved classification accuracies at minority classes SQ and COID in comparison with other four methods.Conclusion:We propose the AP clustering based sparse group lasso (AP-SGL), which provides an alternative for simultaneous diagnosis and gene selection for lung cancer.
A Survey of Metrics Measuring Difference for Rooted Phylogenetic Trees
Authors: Wang Juan , Qi Xinyue , Cui Bo , Guo Maozu 
Published: October 2019

Background:The evolutionary history of organisms can be described by phylogenetic trees. We need to compare the topologies of rooted phylogenetic trees when researching the evolution of a given set of species.Objective:Up to now, there are several metrics measuring the dissimilarity between rooted phylogenetic trees, and those metrics are defined by different ways.Methods:This paper analyzes those metrics from their definitions and the distance values computed by those metrics by terms of experiments.Results:The results of experiments show that the distances calculated by the cluster metric, the partition metric, and the equivalent metric have a good Gaussian fitting, and the equivalent metric can describe the difference between trees better than the others.Conclusion:Moreover, it presents a tool called as CDRPT (Computing Distance for Rooted Phylogenetic Trees). CDRPT is a web server to calculate the distance for trees by an on-line way. CDRPT can also be off-line used by means of installing application packages for the Windows system. It greatly facilitates the use of researchers. The home page of CDRPT is http://bioinformatics.imu.edu.cn/tree/.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS GAME EDUKASI MATERI KESEHATAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN REKREASI
Authors: Rohayati Yeye , Astra I.K Budaya , Suwiwa I Gede 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan multimedia interaktif berbasis game edukasi materi kesehatan NAPZA mata pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga dan Kesehatan kelas X. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Prosedur pengembangan bahan ajar menggunakan model ADDIE meliputi lima tahap yaitu: tahap analisis (analyze), tahap perancangan (design), tahap pengembangan (development), tahap implementasi (implementation), dan evaluasi (evaluation). Langkah validasi bahan ajar mengadopsi model evaluasi formatif Dick dan Carrey yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: uji coba ahli, uji coba perorangan, uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba lapangan. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa validasi bahan ajar ditinjau dari aspek isi adalah sangat baik dengan persentase 90%, aspek media pembelajaran adalah baik dengan persentase 86%, dan aspek desain pembelajaran adalah sangat baik dengan persentase 96%. Hasil uji perorangan adalah sangat sangat baik dengan persentase 92,7%, hasil uji kelompok kecil adalah sangat baik dengan persentase 90,01%, dan hasil uji coba lapangan sangat baik dengan persentase 91,8%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwamultimedia interaktif berbasis game edukasi materi kesehatan NAPZA layak digunakan oleh siswa di sekolah. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dieksperimenkan untuk mengetahui keefektifannya dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
OPTIMASI SUHU DAN LAMA PEMANASAN TERHADAP HASIL SINTESIS SENYAWA BENZOILTIOUREA DENGAN METODE ASILASI
Authors: Santosa Harry , Kesuma Dini 
Published: October 2019

To find new compounds acting on central nervous system (CNS), this research has been done the synthesis of benzoylthiourea by acylating the thiourea with benzoyl chloride, using tetrahydrofuran as solvent. Reaction temperature were respectively done at 90oC, 100oC, 110oC and 120oC, and heating duration was respectively accomplished at 0.5 hours, 1.0 hours, 1.5 hours, 2.0 hours and 2.5 hours. This research was aimed at finding out optimal heating duration and temperature to obtain maximal percentage yield of benzoylthiourea synthesis. The highest percentage yield of 59.89% obtained in optimum temperature 100oC and 2.0 hours heating duration. The purity test of the synthesis product is shown by the single spot on the thin layer chromatogram (TLC) and narrow range of melting point. Based on the structure identification with UV and IR spectrophotometries, H-NMR spectrometries and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometries (GC-MS), it was concluded that the structure of the synthesis product was accordance to the prediction.