bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child and adolescent health in northwestern Syria: Findings from Healthy-Syria 2017 study
Authors: Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman , Bakri Basil , Alsadek Amena S , Al-Hasan Abdulmuhsen H , Alrahhal Mohamad S , Alsaleh Farhan M , Alsatouf Fadia A , Arab Musaab I , Jnaid Hussam , Hadid Adnan A , Terkawi Rayan S , Zahran Manal M , Alghannam Nabiha A , Altirkawi Khalid A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Since the uprising in 2011, there has been limited health-care data from inside Syria in the academic literature. This study aims to provide an updated account of pediatric health needs in the northwestern part of Syria; this should help inform the management and delivery of health-care services in this population.Methods: This is a prospective study, using a data registry, of all pediatric patients seen in a single center in northwestern Syria, between February and December 2017. We used international classification of diseases (ICD-10) codes to define cases, and tested several covariates, including age, sex, season of the year, and conditions of living for possible correlations with major illness categories.Results: We included 11,819 patients, of whom 5,288 (45%) were male and 6,531 (55%) were female. Collectively, these patients had 23,427 encounters. Respiratory diseases were the most encountered illnesses among all age groups (6320 [27%]), except late teen females, among whom gynecological/obstetric complaints dominated. Infectious diseases caused the greatest disease burden across all age groups, with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), infectious diarrhea, and otitis media representing almost half (47%) of all cases in this category. Nutritional deficiencies were diagnosed in 978 patients (8%), mostly in infants and toddlers (92%). We identified 1192 (17%) cases of acute diarrhea among all age groups, making it the second most common condition after URTIs. As compared to town residents, patients living in camps for internally displaced people accounted for more cases of infectious diarrhea (58%), chronic anemia (60%), and malnutrition (66%), especially severe acute malnutrition (76% of malnutrition cases). Vaccine-preventable illnesses represented a sizable category; we reported 69 cases of hepatitis A, 2 of poliomyelitis, 9 of pertussis, 37 of varicella, 11 of mumps, 8 of rubella, and 1 case of measles.Conclusion: We have identified urgent health-care issues in this population, including extreme malnutrition, high rates of infectious diseases, and high rates of teenage pregnancy. Also, we observed a relapse of some vaccine-preventable illnesses, such as mumps and rubella, which are likely associated with the decline in vaccination rates.
The decrease in hippocampal transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) channel and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (CHRM1) is associated with memory loss in a surgical menopause rat model
Authors: Pala Sehmus , Atilgan Remzi , Kuloglu Tuncay , Yalçın Emre , Kaya Nalan , Etem Ebru 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to investigate the association of transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) channel and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (CHRM1) activity with the memorial functions that are deteriorated in surgical menopause.Material and methodsA total of 14 female rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: group (G)1: sham group; group (G)2: surgical menopause group, the group in which bilateral ovariectomy was performed. Fourteen days after the surgical procedure, learning and memorial tests were performed in G1 and G2 for a totally 13 days. The time required for the rats to find the cheese in the labyrinth was recorded and statistical evaluation of it was performed between groups. On the 14th day of the memory test, the rats were decapitated and the brain tissues were fixed in 10% formalin. Hippocampal TRPM2 and CHRM1 gene expression was evaluated with RNA isolation, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. TRPM2 and CHRM1 immunoreactivity was evaluated in hippocampal tissue with the immunohistochemical method. Histo-score was calculated regarding the diffuseness of and severity of the staining; and statistical analyses were performed.ResultsIn the ovariectomized group, the mean time required for the rats to find the cheese was statistically significantly elongated (39.29 ±4.0 s vs. 29.86 ±2.6 s). When the hippocampal TRPM2 and CHRM1 gene expression and immunoreactivity were compared with the sham group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the surgical menopause group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn surgical menopause, in deterioration of memorial functions, hippocampal TRPM2 channel and CHRM1 activity plays an important role.
Aquatic and land aerobic training for patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized study
Authors: Kanitz Ana Carolina , Barroso Bruna Machado , Barbosa Guano Zambelli , Mello Andre Ivaniski , Bagatini Natalia Carvalho , Reichert Thais , Lucas Edmilson Pereira , Costa Rochelle Rocha , Delevatti Rodrigo Sudatti , Kruel Luiz Fernando Martins 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe study aimed to verify the influence of aerobic training environment on pain, disability, and oxygen uptake in patients with chronic low back pain.MethodsThe randomized study involved 14 patients of both sexes, with chronic low back pain. One group performed deepwater walking/running and the other practised land walking/running, both with moderate intensity. Pain, disability, peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2peak</sub>), and second ventilatory threshold oxygen uptake (VO<SUB>2VT2</SUB>) were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsDecreases in pain and disability were observed in both groups, without differences between them. VO<sub>2peak</sub> and VO<SUB>2VT2</SUB> did not change in either group after the training.ConclusionsAerobic exercise training of moderate intensity seems to be effective in improving pain symptoms and reducing disability among people with chronic low back pain, independently of the environment in which it is performed.
Characteristics of psychological resilience and body image in women in the early and late periods after mastectomy
Authors: Izydorczyk Bernadetta , Kwapniewska Anna , Lizińczyk Sebastian , Sitnik-Warchulska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundEuropean statistics confirm a rise in breast cancer among women. Those suffering from breast cancer and undergoing mastectomy are undoubtedly experiencing a range of negative and/or positive emotions, thoughts and behaviours that depend on many factors such as psychological resilience. The study reported here aimed to identify factors that protect body image resilience in women suffering from breast cancer after mastectomy.Participants and procedureThe research group comprised 120 women after either a short (up to 2 years) or a long (over 2 years) time since mastectomy. Three scales were applied, namely the Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25) developed by Juczyński and Ogińska-Bulik to measure the variability of psychological resilience, the Body Attitude Test (BAT) developed by Probst, and others (Polish version by Brytek-Matera), and Probst’s Body Self Questionnaire developed by Mirucka for the measurement of the body image.ResultsPost-mastectomy patients proved to have a significantly poorer self-assessment of the body, more restrictive eating behaviours and weight control employed with the aim to improve their appearance. Women just after mastectomy, seemed more focused on mobilising their resources necessary to adapt to new conditions and to restore balance after the difficult experience compared to women who had undergone mastectomy over 2 years before the study. The former are characterised by a higher degree of psychological resilience, higher perseverance and determination in action. They also better cope with experienced failure and negative emotions, which indicates that they have a greater capacity to detach from difficult situations.ConclusionsThe greater mobilisation of resources necessary to adapt to new conditions and to restore balance after a difficult experience require consideration and application of psychological support from the very beginning of treatment. For this reason, psychological counselling and work on strengthening resilience among women after mastectomy are indicated.
Adaptation and performance assessment of a quantum and interband cascade laser spectrometer for simultaneous airborne in situ observation of CH4, C2H6, CO2, CO and N2O
Authors: Kostinek Julian , Roiger Anke , Davis Kenneth J. , Sweeney Colm , DiGangi Joshua P. , Choi Yonghoon , Baier Bianca , Hase Frank , Groß Jochen , Eckl Maximilian , Klausner Theresa , Butz André 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Tunable laser direct absorption spectroscopy is a widely used technique for
the in situ sensing of atmospheric composition. Aircraft deployment poses a
challenging operating environment for instruments measuring
climatologically relevant gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Here, we
demonstrate the successful adaption of a commercially available continuous
wave quantum cascade laser (QCL) and interband cascade laser (ICL) based
spectrometer for airborne in situ trace gas measurements with a local to
regional focus. The instrument measures methane, ethane, carbon dioxide,
carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and water vapor simultaneously, with high
1 s–1σ precision (740 ppt, 205 ppt, 460 ppb, 2.2 ppb, 137 ppt and 16 ppm,
respectively) and high frequency (2 Hz). We estimate a
total 1 s–1σ uncertainty of 1.85 ppb, 1.6 ppb, 1.0 ppm, 7.0 ppb
and 0.8 ppb in CH4, C2H6, CO2, CO and N2O, respectively.
The instrument enables simultaneous and continuous observations for all
targeted species. Frequent calibration allows for a measurement duty cycle
≥90 %. Custom retrieval software has been implemented and instrument
performance is reported for a first field deployment during NASA's
Atmospheric Carbon and Transport – America (ACT-America) campaign in fall 2017
over the eastern and central USA. This includes an inter-instrumental
comparison with a calibrated cavity ring-down greenhouse gas analyzer
(operated by NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA) and periodic flask
samples analyzed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA). We demonstrate good agreement of the QCL- and ICL-based instrument to
these concurrent observations within the combined measurement uncertainty
after correcting for a constant bias. We find that precise knowledge of the
δ13C of the working standards and the sampled air is
needed to enhance CO2 compatibility when operating on the 2227.604 cm−1 13C16O2 absorption line.
The Mainz profile algorithm (MAPA)
Authors: Beirle Steffen , Dörner Steffen , Donner Sebastian , Remmers Julia , Wang Yang , Wagner Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Mainz profile algorithm (MAPA) derives vertical profiles of
aerosol extinction and trace gas concentrations from MAX-DOAS measurements of
slant column densities under multiple elevation angles. This paper presents
(a) a detailed description of the MAPA (v0.98), (b) results for the CINDI-2
campaign, and (c) sensitivity studies on the impact of a priori assumptions
such as flag thresholds. Like previous profile retrieval schemes developed at MPIC, MAPA is based on a
profile parameterization combining box profiles, which also might be lifted,
and exponential profiles. But in contrast to previous inversion schemes based
on least-square fits, MAPA follows a Monte Carlo approach for deriving those
profile parameters yielding best match to the MAX-DOAS observations. This is
much faster and directly provides physically meaningful distributions of
profile parameters. In addition, MAPA includes an elaborated flagging scheme
for the identification of questionable or dubious results. The AODs derived with MAPA for the CINDI-2 campaign show good agreement with
AERONET if a scaling factor of 0.8 is applied for O4, and the
respective NO2 and HCHO surface mixing ratios match those derived
from coincident long-path DOAS measurements. MAPA results are robust with
respect to modifications of the a priori MAPA settings within plausible
limits.
Source partitioning of H2O and CO2 fluxes based on high-frequency eddy covariance data: a comparison between study sites
Authors: Klosterhalfen Anne , Graf Alexander , Brüggemann Nicolas , Drüe Clemens , Esser Odilia , González-Dugo María P. , Heinemann Günther , Jacobs Cor M. J. , Mauder Matthias , Moene Arnold F. , Ney Patrizia , Pütz Thomas , Rebmann Corinna , Ramos Rodríguez Mario , Scanlon Todd M. , Schmidt Marius , Steinbrecher Rainer , Thomas Christoph K. , Valler Veronika , Zeeman Matthias J. , Vereecken Harry 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. For an assessment of the roles of soil and vegetation in the
climate system, a further understanding of the flux components of
H2O and CO2 (e.g., transpiration, soil respiration) and
their interaction with physical conditions and physiological functioning of
plants and ecosystems is necessary. To obtain magnitudes of these flux
components, we applied source partitioning approaches after Scanlon and
Kustas (2010; SK10) and after Thomas et al. (2008; TH08) to high-frequency
eddy covariance measurements of 12 study sites covering different
ecosystems (croplands, grasslands, and forests) in different climatic
regions. Both partitioning methods are based on higher-order statistics of
the H2O and CO2 fluctuations, but proceed differently to
estimate transpiration, evaporation, net primary production, and soil
respiration. We compared and evaluated the partitioning results obtained with
SK10 and TH08, including slight modifications of both approaches. Further, we
analyzed the interrelations among the performance of the partitioning
methods, turbulence characteristics, and site characteristics (such as plant
cover type, canopy height, canopy density, and measurement height). We were
able to identify characteristics of a data set that are prerequisites for
adequate performance of the partitioning methods. SK10 had the tendency to overestimate and TH08 to underestimate soil flux
components. For both methods, the partitioning of CO2 fluxes was
less robust than for H2O fluxes. Results derived with SK10 showed
relatively large dependencies on estimated water use efficiency (WUE) at the
leaf level, which is a required input. Measurements of outgoing longwave
radiation used for the estimation of foliage temperature (used in WUE) could
slightly increase the quality of the partitioning results. A modification of
the TH08 approach, by applying a cluster analysis for the conditional
sampling of respiration–evaporation events, performed satisfactorily, but did
not result in significant advantages compared to the original method versions
developed by Thomas et al. (2008). The performance of each partitioning
approach was dependent on meteorological conditions, plant development,
canopy height, canopy density, and measurement height. Foremost, the
performance of SK10 correlated negatively with the ratio between measurement
height and canopy height. The performance of TH08 was more dependent on
canopy height and leaf area index. In general, all site characteristics that
increase dissimilarities between scalars appeared to enhance partitioning
performance for SK10 and TH08.
The safety of one-per-mil tumescent infiltration into tissue that has survived ischemia
Authors: Prasetyono Theddeus Octavianus Hari , Nindita Eliza 
Published: March 2019

Background The aim of this study was to assess the safety of one-per-mil tumescent injections into viable skin flaps that had survived an ischemic insult, in order to assess the potential suitability of one-per-mil tumescent injections in future secondary reconstructive procedures such as flap revision and refinements after replantation.
Methods Forty groin flaps harvested from 20 healthy Wistar rats weighing 220 to 270 g were subjected to acute ischemia by clamping the pedicle for 15 minutes. All flaps showing total survival on the 7th postoperative day were randomly divided into group A (one-per-mil tumescent infiltration; n=14), group B (normal saline infiltration; n=13), and group C (control, with no infiltration; n=13) before being re-elevated. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was measured before and after infiltration, and changes in TcPO2 were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, the paired t-test, and the independent t-test. The viability of flaps was also assessed using the Analyzing Digital Images software at 7 days after the second elevation.
Results Thirty-nine flaps survived to the final assessment, with the sole exception of a flap from group A that did not survive the first elevation. TcPO2 readings showed significant decreases (P<0.05) following both one-per-mil tumescent (99.9±5.7 mmHg vs. 37.2±6.3 mmHg) and normal saline (103±8.5 mmHg vs. 48.7±5.9 mmHg) infiltration. Moreover, all groin flaps survived with no signs of tissue necrosis.
Conclusions One-per-mil tumescent infiltration into groin flap tissue that had survived ischemia did not result in tissue necrosis, although the flaps experienced a significant decrease of cutaneous oxygenation.
"Løjtnant-oprøret" i Tønder 1926: Drama, tragedie eller farce
Authors: Petersen Nikolaj 
Published: March 2019

Årene efter Genforeningen blev økonomisk vanskelige i Sønderjylland og dannede grobunden for en såkaldt Selvstyrebevægelse, anført af den karismatiske storbonde Cornelius Petersen. Ved siden af økonomiske krav agiterede han for at genindføre middelalderens frisiske bonderepublik. Samtidig med bevægelsens klimaks i efteråret 1926 anholdt Statspolitiet en lille gruppe yngre officerer med tætte relationer til Petersen og anklagede dem for forsøg på at anstifte oprør. Artiklen gennemgår det empiriske materiale vedrørende »løjtnant-oprøret« og baggrunden for, at de tre anklagede blev pure frifundet af Søndre Landsret i januar 1927.
ANGÉLINE DE MONTBRUN OU LA DISSOLUTION DE L’UTOPIE ULTRAMONTAINE
Authors: ROBERT LUCIE 
Published: March 2019

Dans Formation de l’imaginaire littéraire au Québec, 1764-1867, Maurice Lemire notait que « les structures de redoublement de miniaturisation » dominent le monde du roman au xixe siècle. Cette miniaturisation se lit dans la création d’une société en miniature (précisément), isolée du reste du monde, un « enclos » (le mot est de Lemire) où le monde est réduit à la parenté et au voisinage et à l’intérieur duquel « tout est euphémisé » (ibid). Nous croyons que ces miniatures correspondent à des utopies. Nous suggérons donc de relire le roman de Laure Conan comme présentant à travers la création de Valriant une de ces miniatures et de mettre en valeur l’utopie que le roman propose, qui se révélera une utopie ultramontaine. À la différence des utopies libérales que sont celles sur lesquelles se terminent par exemple Charles Guérin de Chauveau et Jean Rivard d’Antoine Gérin-Lajoie, et qui sont aussi une projection dans un avenir imaginaire, les utopies ultramontaines (que l’on retrouvera dans la finale de Pour la patrie de Tardivel) sont des univers sans avenir possible, destinés à disparaître avec la/le protagoniste. Reste la question de savoir ce qu’est une utopie ultramontaine au féminin et on observera comment Valriant se construit contre l’image du cloître, qui sera pourtant celle qui survivra au xxe siècle.
Impact of Strain, pH and Ethanol Concentration on Ethanol Activation Method of Bacillus Spores Using a Single Spore Approach
Authors: Tong A. Nkoue , Kamdem S. L. Sado , Etoa F. X. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: This work aims to determine the ideal conditions for ethanol activation of spores during their enumeration and compare to thermal activation which is the reference method.
Place and duration: Department of Microbiology of the University of Yaoundé I between May2016 and June 2018.
Methodology: Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis spores were activated according to an experimental central composite design with three-factor. The factors considered were exposure time, ethanol concentration, pH and activation temperature according to the types of activation. Germination yield was carried out by individually monitoring each spore of a population on solid medium in order to determine the population germination kinetic parameters (time and rate of colony appearance within a population during germination) and germination yields. These parameters were compared with those obtained after thermal activation known as a reference method.
Results: The factors strain and pH, significantly influenced the rate of spore germination within the population after ethanol activation. In the case of thermal activation, the specie and activation temperature were the most influential factors. The best germination yields were obtained for alcoholic activation of spores at 30% ethanol for 60min exposure at pH7, while for thermal activation the best yields varied from one strain to another depending on the activation conditions.
Conclusion: Ethanol activation can be considered as a good substitute of thermal activation during spore enumeration provided activation conditions are well controlled. This is in our opinion the first detailed study comparing ethanol activation to heat activation of Bacillus spores. It will impact future revisions of spore enumeration protocols proposed by norms that take into consideration spore activation and reduce bias in spore enumeration.
Deep P‐C Interface Reconstruction for High‐Performance Potassium Storage
Authors: Chen Wei , Deng Hongli , Guo Yang , Chen Song , Yuan Yizhi , Jia Xinxin , Zhang Qiusheng , Zhao Qingyi , Guo Xiangdong , Sun Hongtao , Zhu Jian , Lu Bingan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) capable of achieving full charge in minutes, or even in seconds, while maintaining high energy densities, are highly desirable for practical applications. However, significant challenges exist in developing electrodes that can sustain both high capacity and rapid charging rates. Conventional phosphorus‐carbon composites, limited by the intrinsic common carbon materials structure, often fail to prevent the edges reconstruction of black phosphorus (BP), thereby limiting its potential advantages as a high‐capacity, high‐rate anode. This study addresses these challenges by grafting BP onto a super‐porous carbon (SPC) framework to serve as an anode for potassium storage. The large number of open pores in SPC ensures the uniform distribution of BP nanoparticles in this carbon matrix, realizing the complete potassiation reactions and uniform volumetric strain dispersion. The abundant defects significantly promote the phosphorus‐carbon reconstruction between edge carbon atoms and edge phosphorus atoms, effectively inhibiting the P‐P edge reconstruction of BP to ensure open edges for rapid K+ diffusion. As a result, the composite exhibits excellent performance in potassium storage, demonstrating superior capacity, charging rates, and cycling durability. This research provides a new insight into enhancing BP‐base anodes, offering favorable guidance for the development of high‐performance materials.