bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Bone Tumors Registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry, 1973-2012
Authors: Sugiyama Hiromi , Omonishi Kunihiro , Yonehara Shuji , Ozasa Kotaro , Kajihara Hiroki , Tsuya Takafumi , Takeshima Yukio 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Reported information on the characteristics of benign bone tumors is disjointed, and the long-term trends in the occurrence of malignant bone tumors by histological type have not been reported in Japan. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of both benign and malignant bone tumors as described in cases registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry from 1973 to 2012.

Methods:
Cases were identified with the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-3) topography code C40-C41 (bones, joints, and articular cartilage), and histological types were classified according to the World Health Organization 2013 system. We described the distribution of the cases by behavior, sex, skeletal site of tumor occurrence, histological type, period at diagnosis (in 10-year groups), and age at diagnosis (in 10-year groups).

Results:
We observed 2,542 benign bone tumors, 272 intermediate bone tumors, and 506 malignant bone tumors. We confirmed that 81.6% of benign bone tumors were chondrogenic, consisting primarily of osteochondromas and enchondromas. Giant cell tumor of bone was the most dominant type of intermediate tumor, whereas osteogenic tumors and chondrogenic tumors were the most dominant types of malignant tumors. Among malignant bone tumors, 41.7% of tumors occurred in the long bones of the lower limb, and there were different peaks of age at the time of diagnosis for osteogenic tumors and chondrogenic tumors. A similar distribution of histological types was seen throughout the 40-year observation period.

Conclusions:
Osteochondroma and enchondroma differed in terms of the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis and the skeletal sites where the tumors most frequently occurred. Giant cell tumor had a large impact on occurrence as a common type of intermediate bone tumor.

Clinical Relevance:
The results of the present study, based on pathological tissue registry data, provide knowledge about the epidemiological and pathological features of bone tumors in Japan.
Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in Lower-Extremity Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Rudy Michael D. , Ahuja Neera K. , Aaronson Alistair J. 
Published: May 2018

* Diabetes mellitus is prevalent among patients undergoing lower-extremity total joint arthroplasty, occurring in upwards of 20% of patients undergoing arthroplasty, and nondiabetic stress-induced hyperglycemia may be seen in >50% of patients undergoing arthroplasty.* Poor glycemic control including elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with diabetes and elevated plasma glucose levels in patients without diabetes correlate with worse surgical and medical outcomes in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, but may have limited predictive value in individual patients.* Available outcomes literature suggests that efforts to achieve HbA1c below 6.5% to 7.5% preoperatively may maximize access to total joint arthroplasty while limiting excess morbidity; this generally aligns with most medical guidelines’ recommendations with regard to long-term glycemic control in patients with diabetes.* Most patients with type-2 diabetes undergoing total joint arthroplasty should be treated perioperatively with a weight-based basal-bolus insulin regimen instead of sliding-scale monotherapy targeting moderate (generally defined as <180 mg/dL in nonfasting patients) and not overly strict glycemic control. Oral hypoglycemic agents may convey specific risks in the perioperative period.* Future prospective studies evaluating preoperative and perioperative glycemic control strategies for patients with and without diabetes are needed to assess whether clinically meaningful outcomes might be improved by implementing these strategies.
Advanced Agronomic Practices to Maximize Feed Barley Yield, Quality, and Standability in Alberta, Canada. II. Responses to Supplemental Post‐Emergence Nitrogen
Authors: Perrott L. A. , Strydhorst S. M. , Hall L. M. , Yang R. C. , Pauly D. , Gill K. S. , Bowness R. 
Published: May 2018

Agronomic solutions such as supplemental post‐emergence N may increase yield of feed‐barley grain.
Grain yield, grain N yield, and grain protein generally increased as post‐emergence N rate increased.
Largest grain yield increases occurred in environments with >300 mm of growing season precipitation.
Yields decreased when N was applied as urea ammonium nitrate in hot and low‐precipitation conditions.
There were no adverse negative effects to maturity, lodging, or grain quality in ‘Amisk’ feed barley.
Small yield gains and decreasing feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) acreage in Alberta may be addressed with agronomic solutions. Field experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at 3 irrigated and 11 rain‐fed environments in Alberta, Canada, to determine the effects of supplemental post‐emergence N on ‘Amisk’ feed barley growth, grain yield, and grain quality. At the time of seeding, urea N was applied at rates suitable for targeting average yield potential in each environment. Just prior to BBCH 30 (beginning of stem elongation), this was supplemented with additional 0, 34, and 68 kg N ha−1 in the form of undiluted urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), and 34 kg N ha−1 with the urease inhibitor N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). In most environments, grain yield, grain N yield (grain yield × percentage grain N), and grain protein increased with post‐emergence N rate. The largest positive grain yield responses (up to 19%) usually occurred in environments with more than 300 mm of growing season precipitation. Grain yield and grain N yield were significantly reduced when post‐emergence N was applied in high temperatures with low precipitation. Post‐emergence N increased height, but did not markedly change lodging or days to maturity. The grain quality parameters of test weight, starch, and fiber had minor responses to post‐emergence N application. The addition of NBPT to post‐emergence N had little effect on any response variables. Supplemental post‐emergence N provided an agronomic solution for increasing feed barley grain yield, but consistent increases were limited to irrigated or high precipitation environments.
Defoliation Management Affects Productivity, Leaf/Stem Ratio, and Tiller Counts of ‘Performer’ Switchgrass
Authors: Bekewe P.E. , Castillo M.S. , Rivera R. 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
Defoliation management resulted in a wide range of plant responses that varied by year, with deleterious responses more evident in the second year.
Greater leaf/stem ratios occurred with more frequent defoliation treatments.
Frequent defoliations such as every 3 wk should maintain a stubble height of at least 40 cm, defoliation frequencies ≥6 wk to 20‐cm stubble height, and ≥9 wk to 10 cm stubble height are warranted to ensure stand persistence.
‘Performer’ switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) was released in 2006 by the USDA‐NCSU forage program because of its greater digestibility compared to standard cultivars grown in the southeastern United States. Forages with greater digestibility have potential to positively impact animal responses, however, defoliation management can influence its productivity and persistence. The objectives were to determine the effect of the factorial combination of four defoliation heights (DH) (clipped to 10, 20, 30, and 40‐cm) and four defoliation frequencies (DF) (clipped every 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk) on productivity, leaf/stem ratio, and tiller counts. The experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC. The 16 treatments were allocated in a complete randomized block design replicated four times. In 2016, total dry matter (DM) yield ranged from 4.2 to 13.1 Mg ha−1 being greatest for the 9‐ and 12‐wk DF at 10‐ and 20‐cm DH and lowest for all DH at 3‐wk defoliation frequency. In 2017, the DM yield range was wider ranging from 0.5 to 14.0 Mg ha−1 with lower tiller counts for the 10‐ and 20‐cm DH, 3‐wk DF treatments. Leaf/stem ratio was greater for the more frequently defoliated treatments in both years. ‘Performer’ switchgrass is a productive forage and on the basis of total DM harvested, leaf/stem ratio, and tiller counts, frequent defoliations such as every 3 wk to 40‐cm stubble height, ≥6 wk to 20‐cm stubble height, and ≥ 9 wk to 10 cm stubble height, are warranted to ensure stand persistence.
Jet-loop reactor with cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane system for treatment of olive mill wastewater
Authors: Ribeiro B. , Torrado I. , Di Berardino S. , Paixão S. M. , Rusan M. J. , Bani Amer A. , Zuraiqi S. , Eusébio A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOlive oil extraction is one of the ancient agricultural industries all over the Mediterranean area and even today it is of fundamental economic importance for many industries found over the whole Mediterranean. However, this industry generates large amounts of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and due to its physicochemical characteristics it causes severe environmental concerns and management problems in the Mediterranean area, which is facing water scarcity. Technologies to reuse this wastewater will have a high impact at the economic and environmental level. The work presented aims to improve the use of jet-loop reactors technology for the aerobic biotreatment of OMW. A jet-loop reactor (100 L) coupled with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (MBR) system (JACTO.MBR_100 L) were tested for the influence of hydraulic parameters on OMW degradation and scale-up to 1,000 L. Chemical oxygen demand and total phenols (TP) decreased notably (up to 85% and 80% removal efficiency, respectively) after the biological treatment. The treated OMW (UF permeate) was evaluated as a source for irrigation and its impact on the soil and plant growth and their quality parameters.
Rotary drum composter as a low cost method for the removal of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris Trichiura in faecal sludge compost
Authors: Appiah-Effah Eugene , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum , Awuah Esi , Antwi Eric Ofosu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to use of rotary drum composter as a low cost method for the removal of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris Trichiura in faecal sludge compost. Two runs of compost experiment (Run 1 and Run 2) were carried out consecutively. Each Run of composting was done in four different rotary drums at real scale using a mixture of faecal sludge and shredded maize cobs and monitored for 12 weeks. Concentration of Ascaris and Trichuris were measured once a week to understand their behaviour. Temperature, Moisture Content and pH were also measured. High concentrations of Ascaris and Trichuris were present in the initial compost mix of both Runs 1 and 2. The concentration of Ascaris and Trichuris respectively in Run 1 ranged from 65–77 eggs/gTS and 30–41 eggs/gTS. In Run 2, measured concentrations of Ascaris and Trichuris ranged from 77–110 eggs/gTS and 46–52 eggs/gTS. After 84 days of composting faecal sludge, Ascaris was removed by a minimum of 82% and Trichuris by a minimum of 88%. The findings showed that plastic composter with paddles performed better compared with the other experiments. This means that the type of composter have a significant impact on the removal of helminth.
Mitigating the aftermath of Malaysia's worst flood in 50 years: emergency drinking water supply with ultrafiltration
Authors: Chew Chun Ming , David Ng K. M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In December 2014, a massive flood hit northern states of Peninsular Malaysia causing severe damage to thousands of houses and leaving the area in a disastrous condition. Electricity and public piped water supplies were cut-off, as sub-stations and municipal water treatment plants were submerged in flood water. As part of Techkem Water's corporate social responsibility initiatives, mobile ultrafiltration membrane water treatment systems were deployed to provide emergency drinking water supplies to flood victims. Four types of mobile system were evaluated in this case study. The operational parameters of the systems such as feed water turbidity, system capacity, filtrate quality, filtration flux, footprint required and specific energy requirement details are presented. Each system has distinctive features that help to accommodate different site conditions.
Monitoring groundwater quality in a Namibian rural settlement
Authors: Lewis E. , Claasen T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Drinking water in rural areas is often contaminated due to poor sanitation practices, which cause problems such as diarrhea, polio and cholera. Rural water quality is a critical issue in Namibia because a great deal of the population lives in rural settlements. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of nitrate and some microbial parameters in borehole waters in 8 rural settlements in Hardap, Namibia. The tests were conducted in 2016 and the results compared to tests on the same boreholes in 2011. Parameters were determined using standard procedures. Water infrastructure and sanitation practices were also examined. Water parameters were compared to NamWater safe water drinking guidelines. The results revealed that sanitation practices need to be improved to avoid health risks. High levels of nitrate and coliform bacteria were identified as the most threatening contaminants that were determined. Water quality has deteriorated in these settlements since 2011, when only two of the boreholes yielded water unfit for drinking. In 2016 the number of unfit boreholes had increased to four. Systematic monitoring of groundwater quality, workshops on public health and sanitation practices, and improved sanitation facilities are recommended.
Arsenic removal from drinking water using low-pressure nanofiltration under various operating conditions
Authors: Harfoush M. , Mirbagheri S. A. , Ehteshami M. , Nejati S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Currently, one of the main environmental concerns is the toxicity caused by arsenic. Arsenic-polluted water can cause many human health problems including various cancerous diseases. In natural water, inorganic arsenic can be found in the forms of arsenite and arsenate, which have been found in several Iranian provinces – e.g., East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and the city of Bijar – in high concentrations. Modern nanofiltration (NF) technology enables a wide range of water resource pollutants to be controlled efficiently. In this study, in an attempt to enhance arsenic removal (both arsenite and arsenate) from drinking water using low pressure NF, operating conditions like arsenic concentration, the trans-membrane pressure applied, and a range of different temperatures have all been considered. The highest arsenate removal achieved was 94% with an initial concentration of 500 μg/L, at 7 bar pressure, and 28 °C. The highest arsenite removal was 90%, with an initial concentration of 100 μg/L, at 5 bar pressure, and also at 28 °C. Increasing the pressure had a positive effect on the removal of both species, however, increasing the temperature had negative impacts. It was always found that arsenate removal was better than arsenite removal.
Inter-organisational resilience for flood focussed emergency planning: examining multi-agency connectedness through Twitter
Authors: Bunney Sarah , Ward Sarah , Butler David 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The use of Twitter as a platform to share and exchange information between emergency responders, water service providers and the public during an emergency situation is becoming more evident. The sharing of real-time information is invaluable for situational awareness and effective emergency response. To explore this integrated approach, twitter profiles for Local Resilience Forums and Water Service Providers were analysed to demonstrate their connectedness. It was discovered that the connectivity between the Local Resilience Forums and the Water Service Providers was limited and further research is being conducted to establish why these connections do not exist.
Bounds on water quality sensor network performance from design choices and practical considerations
Authors: van Thienen P. , de Graaf B. , Hoogterp J. , van Summeren J. , Vogelaar A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Traditional approaches to optimal water quality sensor placement in drinking water distribution networks can be limiting, because they are oriented towards obtaining information and mitigating effects. Approaches optimizing the utility's response to contamination merit wider study and application. The performance of these different approaches is studied and discussed in this paper. It is also shown that practical considerations can impose significant limitations on the performance that can be achieved by a water quality sensor network. These aspects should be taken into account when optimizing sensor placement in a real drinking water distribution network.
Distribution of stable isotopes in water from an alpine river in China
Authors: Meng Yuchuan , Liu Guodong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Hailuogou River, on the south-eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, receives a substantial portion of its flow from meltwater. The stable isotopic composition and water temperature were observed for waters collected from the main stream and selected tributaries. The results indicate that the river water is generally more depleted in 18O and 2H than groundwater, but more enriched than meltwater. The river water in the upper reaches is characterised by more negative isotopic values, the isotopic fingerprint of meltwaters, and lower temperatures. Both δ18O and δ2H increase significantly during passage from the upper basin downward, at least partly due to enrichment from tributary-inputs. There are also an altitude δ18O-effect of −0.1‰ per 100-m rise, and an altitude δ2H-effect of −0.8‰ per 100-m rise, along the main stream. The positive correlation between isotopic composition and water temperature further highlights the role of meltwater in regulating the river's isotope hydrology. The fraction of meltwater inputs over the total river flow ranges from 67% at Section 11 to 89% at Section 7, in the proglacial headwater region. The tributary-input enrichments and ice-snow melting are the main mechanisms controlling the isotopic composition of river runoff, but depending strongly on altitude.
The Role of Diet Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Colorectal Cancer Metabolism and Survival: Prevention and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Gomes Sara Daniela , Oliveira Cláudia Suellen , Azevedo-Silva João , Casanova Marta R. , Barreto Judite , Pereira Helena , Chaves Susana R. , Rodrigues Lígia R. , Casal Margarida , Côrte-Real Manuela , Baltazar Fátima , Preto Ana 
Published: May 2018

:
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. CRC
increased risk has been associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota, with decreased
production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). SCFAs produced in the human colon are the
major products of bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary fiber and starch. While colonocytes
use the three major SCFAs, namely acetate, propionate and butyrate, as energy sources,
transformed CRC cells primarily undergo aerobic glycolysis. Compared to normal colonocytes,
CRC cells exhibit increased sensitivity to SCFAs, thus indicating they play an important
role in cell homeostasis. Manipulation of SCFA levels in the intestine, through changes in
microbiota, has therefore emerged as a potential preventive/therapeutic strategy for CRC. Interest
in understanding SCFAs mechanism of action in CRC cells has increased in the last
years. Several SCFA transporters like SMCT-1, MCT-1 and aquaporins have been identified
as the main transmembrane transporters in intestinal cells. Recently, it was shown that acetate
promotes plasma membrane re-localization of MCT-1 and triggers changes in the glucose metabolism.
SCFAs induce apoptotic cell death in CRC cells, and further mechanisms have been
discovered, including the involvement of lysosomal membrane permeabilization, associated
with mitochondria dysfunction and degradation.

:
In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the transport of SCFAs by CRC cells
and their effects on CRC metabolism and survival. The impact of increasing SCFA production
by manipulation of colon microbiota on the prevention/therapy of CRC will also be addressed.
Assessment of the Autonomic Response in Alzheimer's Patients During the Execution of Memory Tasks: A Functional Thermal Imaging Study
Authors: Perpetuini David , Cardone Daniela , Bucco Roberta , Zito Michele , Merla Arcangelo 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia characterized by failure of
memory that becomes more severe with the progression of the disease. The Free and Cued Selective
Reminding Test (FCSRT) is a clinical test used to evaluate such a deficit. However, since the cognitive
performances could depend also on the psychophysiological state of the individual, it is important to
monitor that state through the peripheral autonomic activity during the execution of the test. Thermal
infrared imaging has been used for this kind of assessment in order to preserve the free and unbiased
interaction between doctor and patient, thanks to the contactless features of the technique.

Objective:
To investigate whether the variation of facial temperature parameters during the FCSRT is
indicative of different autonomic states in the early AD with respect to healthy controls (HC).

Results:
At a group level, a greater sympathetic activity for the HC with respect to AD during the execution
of the test was found, indicative of a suppression of anxiety associated with the performances of the
FCSRT in AD patients.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that AD and HC may present different autonomic activity associated
with the execution of a cognitive task, thus suggesting a different modulation of high-cognition and
emotion network.