bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Equal Volume But Different Plyometric Jump Training Intensities on Components of Physical Fitness in Physically Active Young Males
Authors: Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Moran Jason , Drury Benjamin , Williams Mark , Keogh Justin W. , Chaabene Helmi , Granacher Urs 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Ramirez-Campillo, R, Moran, J, Drury, B, Williams, M, Keogh, JW, Chaabene, H, and Granacher, U. Effects of equal volume but different plyometric jump training intensities on components of physical fitness in physically active young males. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1916–1923, 2021—An 8-week single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of separate programs of equal volume, but different intensity, plyometric jump training (PJT), on physical fitness in healthy adults. Thirty-eight physically active males (mean age: 21.8 ± 2.5 years) participated. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of 3 PJT groups or a control (CON, n = 9) according to their jump performance. Plyometric jump training was conducted at maximal (PJT-100, n = 10), high (PJT-80, n = 9), or moderate (PJT-65, n = 10) intensity within each group. Baseline and follow-up tests were performed for the assessment of countermovement jump (CMJ) height, CMJ height with arm swing (CMJA), and drop jump height from a 20-cm drop box (DJ20), linear speed (30 m), and change-of-direction speed (CODS) (the Illinois CODS test). Results revealed significant group × time interactions for CMJ, CMJA, DJ20, 30-m sprint, and CODS (all p < 0.001; d = 0.39–0.76). Post hoc analyses showed significant improvements in all 5 fitness measures for PJT-100 (all p < 0.01, Δ3.7–13.5%, d = 0.26–1.4). For PJT-80, 3 of 5 fitness tests demonstrated significant change (CMJ: p < 0.001, Δ5.9%, d = 0.33; CMJA: p < 0.001, Δ7.0%, d = 0.43; CODS: p < 0.001, Δ3.9%, d = 0.9), and for PJT-65, only 1 test was significant (CMJ: p < 0.05, Δ2.8%, d = 0.15). No significant changes were observed in CON. Except for similar gains in DJ20 and 30-m sprint in PJT-100 and PJT-80, gains in physical fitness were, in general, greater (p < 0.05) after PJT-100 vs. PJT-80 vs. PJT-65 vs. CON. Therefore, maximal PJT intensity may induce larger physical fitness gains, although high and moderate intensities may also be useful, but to a lesser extent.
Validity of Different Velocity-Based Methods and Repetitions-to-Failure Equations for Predicting the 1 Repetition Maximum During 2 Upper-Body Pulling Exercises
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Suzovic Dejan , Domanovic Aleksandra , Fernandes John F.T. , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Pérez-Castilla, A, Suzovic, D, Domanovic, A, Fernandes, JFT, and García-Ramos, A. Validity of different velocity-based methods and repetitions-to-failure equations for predicting the 1 repetition maximum during 2 upper-body pulling exercises. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1800–1808, 2021—This study aimed to compare the accuracy of different velocity-based methods and repetitions-to-failure equations for predicting the 1 repetition maximum (i.e., maximum load that can be lifted once; 1RM) during 2 upper-body pulling exercises. Twenty-three healthy subjects (twelve men and eleven women) were tested in 2 sessions during the lat pull-down and seated cable row exercises. Each session consisted of an incremental loading test until reaching the 1RM followed by a set of repetitions-to-failure against the 80% 1RM load. The 1RM was estimated from the individual load-velocity relationships modeled through 4 (∼40, 55, 70, and 85% 1RM; multiple-point method) or 2 loads (∼40 and 85% 1RM; 2-point method). Mean velocity was recorded with a linear position transducer and a Smartphone application. Therefore, 4 velocity-based methods were used as a result of combining the 2 devices and the 2 methods. Two repetitions-to-failure equations (Mayhew and Wathen) were also used to predict the 1RM from the load and number of repetitions completed. The absolute differences with respect to the actual 1RM were higher for the repetitions-to-failure equations than velocity-based methods during the seated cable row exercise (p = 0.004), but not for the lat pull-down exercise (p = 0.200). The repetitions-to-failure equations significantly underestimated the actual 1RM (p < 0.05; range: −6.65 to −2.14 kg), whereas no systematic differences were observed for the velocity-based methods (range: −1.75 to 1.65 kg). All predicted 1RMs were highly correlated with the actual 1RM (r ≥ 0.96). The velocity-based methods provide a more accurate estimate of the 1RM than the Mayhew and Wathen repetitions-to-failure equations during the lat pull-down and seated cable row exercises.
Unilateral Isometric Squat: Test Reliability, Interlimb Asymmetries, and Relationships With Limb Dominance
Authors: Bishop Chris , Read Paul , Lake Jason , Loturco Irineu , Dawes Jay , Madruga Marc , Romero-Rodrigues Daniel , Chavda Shyam , Turner Anthony 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Bishop, C, Read, P, Lake, J, Loturco, I, Dawes, J, Madruga, M, Romero-Rodrigues, D, Chavda, S, and Turner, A. Unilateral isometric squat: Test reliability, interlimb asymmetries, and relationships with limb dominance. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S144–S151, 2021—The aim of this study was to determine test reliability, establish interlimb asymmetries and their associations with force production capability on the dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limbs during the unilateral isometric squat test. Twenty-eight recreational sport athletes attended a single-test session after familiarization and performed 3 trials on each limb with 140° of hip and knee flexion, to assess peak force (PF), rate of force development (RFD), and impulse at different time intervals. Reliability, interlimb asymmetries, and Pearson's r correlations were computed thereafter. Test reliability was metric-dependent with only PF showing good levels of reliability on both limbs (coefficient of variation = 5.44–5.70; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93–0.94). Interlimb asymmetries ranged from 8.36 to 25.46%, with a tendency for RFD and impulse asymmetries to reduce as time intervals increased. Three significant negative relationships of a possible 49 (r = −0.43 to −0.47; p < 0.05) were found between asymmetries and performance on the D limb. However, 31 significant negative correlations (r = −0.42 to −0.71; p < 0.05) were found between asymmetries and performance on the ND limb. These findings demonstrate that practitioners may only be able to use PF as a reliable test metric during a unilateral isometric strength test. Furthermore, the negative association between asymmetries and strength performance on the ND limb may indicate that the reduction of imbalances through targeted training interventions may be warranted.
Differences in Acceleration and High-Intensity Activities Between Small-Sided Games and Peak Periods of Official Matches in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Dalen Terje , Sandmæl Simen , Stevens Tom G.A , Hjelde Geir H. , Kjøsnes Terje N. , Wisløff Ulrik 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Dalen, T, Sandmæl, S, Stevens, TGA, Hjelde, GH, Kjøsnes, TN, and Wisløff, U. Differences in acceleration and high-intensity activities between small-sided games and peak periods of official matches in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2018–2024, 2021—The purpose of this study was to compare whether the physical performance of players during 4 vs. 4 + goalkeeper (4 vs. 4) and 6 vs. 6 + goalkeeper (6 vs. 6) small-sided games (SSGs) is equivalent to those experienced during the most intense 5-minute period of soccer match play. Twenty-six male soccer players from an elite Norwegian league team took part. Players were monitored during 18 matches, 56 SSGs: twenty-eight 4 vs. 4 and twenty-eight 6 vs. 6 games. The ZXY Sport Tracking System was used to measure for each player the total distance covered, high-intensity running distance, sprint distance, number of accelerations, and player load (all expressed per minute). To compare the physical performance variables on players during the SSGs formats and match play, a 1-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. Players performed the same number of accelerations and player load in 4 vs. 4 (1.7 and 248, respectively) as in peak match (1.6 and 227, respectively), whereas in 6 vs. 6, there were 63% fewer accelerations and 15% lower player load (1.2 and 198, respectively), than in peak match. High-intensity running and sprint distance were significantly lower than mean match values in both 4 vs. 4 (4.1 and 0.2 m vs. 8.2 and 1.7 m) and 6 vs. 6 games (2.7 and 0.21 m vs. 8.2 and 1.7 m) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, only 4 vs. 4 SSGs are highly valuable, and in that, they elicit player load and accelerations to a level that is (at least) equivalent with peak periods of official match play.
Exercise Technique: The Dead Bug
Authors: Mullane Michael , Turner Anthony , Bishop Chris 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
STRENGTH AND STABILITY OF THE TORSO THROUGH CORE TRAINING PROVIDES THE FOUNDATIONS ON WHICH DISTAL LIMBS CAN FUNCTION EFFICIENTLY. THE DEAD BUG IS ONE SUCH EXERCISE THAT PROMOTES LUMBOPELVIC STABILITY AND WITHIN A STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAM THAT CAN AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRENGTH AND POWER WHILE ALSO REDUCING THE RISK OF INJURY. THIS COLUMN WILL DISCUSS THE MUSCLES ACTIVATED, PROPER EXERCISE TECHNIQUE, REGRESSIONS AND PROGRESSIONS, AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE DEAD BUG EXERCISE.
A Swim-Specific Shoulder Strength and Conditioning Program for Front Crawl Swimmers
Authors: Bradley John , Kerr Stewart , Bowmaker David , Gomez Jean-Francois 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
ALTHOUGH SWIMMING IS A WHOLE-BODY ACTIVITY, SHOULDER PROBLEMS CAN BE QUITE COMMON IN COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS. THE PROPULSION FOR SWIMMING COMES LARGELY FROM THE UPPER BODY BUT THE LOWER BODY AND TRUNK PLAY AN IMPORTANT SUPPORTING ROLE. THE SWIMMING SHOULDER KINETIC CHAIN (SSKC) DESCRIBES THE GENERATION OF SWIMMING PROPULSION USING THE WHOLE BODY. EFFECTIVE SWIMMERS WILL USE THE SSKC IN THEIR STROKE, SO EFFECTIVE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAMS SHOULD ALSO INCLUDE THE SSKC. A SERIES OF SWIM-SPECIFIC EXERCISES USING THE SSKC ARE PRESENTED THAT FOCUS ON THE SHOULDER BUT CAN FORM THE BASIS OF A WHOLE-BODY SWIMMING STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAM.
Biomechanical Comparison of Cutting Techniques: A Review and Practical Applications
Authors: Dos'Santos Thomas , McBurnie Alistair , Thomas Christopher , Comfort Paul , Jones Paul A. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
CUTTING ACTIONS ARE IMPORTANT MANEUVERS IN MULTIDIRECTIONAL SPORT AND ARE ALSO KEY ACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NONCONTACT ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY; HOWEVER, IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT 3 PRIMARY CUTTING TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN STUDIED WITHIN THE LITERATURE: THE SIDE-STEP, CROSSOVER CUT, AND SPLIT-STEP. THESE CUTTING TECHNIQUES DEMONSTRATE KINETIC AND KINEMATIC DIFFERENCES, WHICH HAVE DISTINCT IMPLICATIONS FOR BOTH PERFORMANCE AND POTENTIAL INJURY RISK. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE 3 CUTTING TECHNIQUES AND PROVIDE CUTTING TECHNICAL GUIDELINES, VERBAL COACHING CUES, AND CHANGE-OF-DIRECTION SPEED AND AGILITY PROGRAMMING RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE AND PROMOTE SAFER MECHANICS.
Considerations for Coaching Athletes With Prosthetic Limbs for Transtibial and Transfemoral Amputations
Authors: Nutter Drew L. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
TECHNOLOGICAL AND PROCEDURAL ADVANCEMENTS HAVE MADE IT EASIER FOR PEOPLE WITH AMPUTATIONS OR OTHER IMPAIRMENTS TO ENGAGE IN STRENGTH TRAINING. ALTHOUGH OVERALL STRENGTH TRAINING PRINCIPLES DO NOT CHANGE FOR THESE ATHLETES, SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS SHOULD BE APPLIED. THE GOAL OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS THOSE CONSIDERATIONS AND PROVIDE EXAMPLES OF THE TRIAL AND ERROR PROCESS THAT CAN OCCUR TO OPTIMIZE AND PROVIDE EFFECTIVE COACHING FOR THE ATHLETE WITH A LOWER EXTREMITY PROSTHESIS.
Normality of Post-Crack Performance Data for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Bernard E. S. , Xu G. G. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
With the increasing use of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) for civil infrastructure projects, challenges have become apparent in quality control (QC) testing for this material. The most common problem is high variability, but a secondary problem is identifying the most appropriate probability distribution function (PDF) for post-crack performance data. This article has examined the second of these challenges. It is widely assumed that the normal PDF most reliably describes the distribution of outcomes for many stochastic processes. Most of the conventions underlying probabilistic modeling of engineering processes are therefore predicated upon a normal distribution of material properties. However, evidence exists that other functions, such as the Weibull, lognormal, or gamma distribution functions, may be more appropriate representations of the distribution of test results for some post-crack performance parameters related to FRC, such as fatigue life. The present investigation has examined a large body of QC data to identify the most reliable function describing the probability distribution of post-crack performance of FRC as obtained from ASTM C1550, Standard Test Method for Flexural Toughness of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Using Centrally Loaded Round Panel), and ASTM C1609/C1609M, Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam with Third-Point Loading). The results demonstrate that the normal and lognormal functions model the distribution of post-crack performance data obtained for FRC equally well. However, the normal function produces the best fit for data assembled from multiple specimen sets, thereby confirming the validity of the central limit theorem. Moreover, a derivative of the normal function also reliably predicts the distribution of variances for data sets comprising a small number of replicate test results.
Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel in Chloride-Contaminated Carbonated Concrete
Authors: Lollini Federica , Carsana Maddalena , Gastaldi Matteo , Redaelli Elena 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The use of chloride-contaminated raw materials can minimize the consumption of natural resources, e.g., fresh water and virgin rocks, in the production of concrete to increase the sustainability of the construction sector. However, the possible benefits in terms of improved sustainability of concrete can only be evaluated on the long term, considering the durability (i.e., concrete’s ability to guarantee an adequate service life when exposed in operating conditions). In this research, the use of stainless steel reinforcement in combination with chloride-contaminated concrete has been studied to construct durable and sustainable concrete infrastructures. Preliminary results showed that both austenitic (i.e., 304L and XM-28) and duplex (i.e., 23-04 and 22-05) stainless steels are suitable to be used in concrete made with chloride-contaminated raw materials and exposed to different environmental conditions, without chloride penetration. However, when stainless steel bars are embedded in carbonated concrete, their corrosion resistance might be impaired. This article compares the corrosion behavior of the different stainless steels, two austenitic (304L and XM-28) and two duplex (23-04 and 22-05), embedded in alkaline and carbonated concrete and exposed to different controlled environmental conditions to simulate aggressive environments. Results showed that 304L, 23-04, and 22-05 stainless steels are suitable to be used also in concrete contaminated by chlorides even after carbonation and in the harshest exposure conditions. Conversely, corrosion might initiate on XM-28 when exposed to the most aggressive exposure conditions.
Optimal Point-to-Point Path Planning of Manipulator by Using Vibration Damping Optimization Algorithm and Game Theory Method
Authors: Nobari Omid , Nobari Arash , Eslamipoor Reza 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this article, designing an optimal path in two forms of point-to-point is investigated. In the first case, the optimal path planning and determination of the load-carrying capacity of a manipulator in a point-to-point and open-loop case is studied. In the second case, the path-planning problem and maximum load-carrying capacity of manipulators are investigated in a closed-loop point-to-point case. Designing an optimal path in a point-to-point and open-loop case is studied using a vibration damping optimization algorithm. In order to design the controller in the closed-loop case, the game theory approach, which is a generalized form of nonlinear optimum control, is used. In this method, in addition to considering the dynamics of the manipulator, the dynamics of the driving system are also considered. Moreover, the method is able to investigate the effects of the disturbances introduced by the driving system. In the proposed method, the voltage of engines and system disturbances are considered as the players. The optimum strategy of players is calculated based on the Nash equilibrium strategy, and the optimum value of control inputs is determined using an iterative algorithm based on solving Riccati equations. The problem of designing a controller is proposed in the form of a differential game problem with zero sum. The results indicate that for a fixed-base two-link manipulator, the design of the controller based on a differential game made it possible to control the effect of system disturbances so that the load-carrying capacity experienced small changes compared to the desired case and without system disturbances resulting from the data obtained from point-to-point and open-loop cases.
Modified Taguchi Approach to Trace the Optimum GMAW Process Parameters on Weld Dilution for ST-37 Steel Plates
Authors: Rajyalakshmi K. , Nageswara Rao B. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Because of measurement errors and unknown influential input process parameters, unavoidable scatter can be expected in the nonlinear output response of repeated experiments. The Taguchi method suggests an orthogonal array for identifying optimum input process parameters by performing a few tests and confirming through experiments (if necessary). This article provides a simple methodology and its validation by tracing the optimum gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process parameters on the %weld dilution of ST-37 steel plates. It is possible to specify the expected range of the weld dilution for the GMAW process parameters.
The Role of Glutamatergic and Dopaminergic Neurons in the Periaqueductal Gray/Dorsal Raphe: Separating Analgesia and Anxiety
Authors: Taylor Norman E. , Pei JunZhu , Zhang Jie , Vlasov Ksenia Y. , Davis Trevor , Taylor Emma , Weng Feng-Ju , Van Dort Christa J. , Solt Ken , Brown Emery N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a significant modulator of both analgesic and fear behaviors in both humans and rodents, but the underlying circuitry responsible for these two phenotypes is incompletely understood. Importantly, it is not known if there is a way to produce analgesia without anxiety by targeting the PAG, as modulation of glutamate or GABA neurons in this area initiates both antinociceptive and anxiogenic behavior. While dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG)/dorsal raphe display a supraspinal antinociceptive effect, their influence on anxiety and fear are unknown. Using DAT-cre and Vglut2-cre male mice, we introduced designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) to DA and glutamate neurons within the vlPAG using viral-mediated delivery and found that levels of analgesia were significant and quantitatively similar when DA and glutamate neurons were selectively stimulated. Activation of glutamatergic neurons, however, reliably produced higher indices of anxiety, with increased freezing time and more time spent in the safety of a dark enclosure. In contrast, animals in which PAG/dorsal raphe DA neurons were stimulated failed to show fear behaviors. DA-mediated antinociception was inhibitable by haloperidol and was sufficient to prevent persistent inflammatory pain induced by carrageenan. In summary, only activation of DA neurons in the PAG/dorsal raphe produced profound analgesia without signs of anxiety, indicating that PAG/dorsal raphe DA neurons are an important target involved in analgesia that may lead to new treatments for pain.
The Role of the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Proteins Kv8.2 and Kv2.1 in Vision and Retinal Disease: Insights from the Study of Mouse Gene Knock-Out Mutations
Authors: Hart Nathan S. , Mountford Jessica K. , Voigt Valentina , Fuller-Carter Paula , Barth Melanie , Nerbonne Jeanne M. , Hunt David M. , Carvalho Livia S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMutations in theKCNV2gene, which encodes the voltage-gated K+channel protein Kv8.2, cause a distinctive form of cone dystrophy with a supernormal rod response (CDSRR). Kv8.2 channel subunits only form functional channels when combined in a heterotetramer with Kv2.1 subunits encoded by theKCNB1gene. The CDSRR disease phenotype indicates that photoreceptor adaptation is disrupted. The electroretinogram (ERG) response of affected individuals shows depressed rod and cone activity, but what distinguishes this disease is the supernormal rod response to a bright flash of light. Here, we have utilized knock-out mutations of both genes in the mouse to study the pathophysiology of CDSRR. The Kv8.2 knock-out (KO) mice show many similarities to the human disorder, including a depressed a-wave and an elevated b-wave response with bright light stimulation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and immunohistochemistry indicate that the changes in six-month-old Kv8.2 KO retinae are largely limited to the outer nuclear layer (ONL), while outer segments appear intact. In addition, there is a significant increase in TUNEL-positive cells throughout the retina. The Kv2.1 KO and double KO mice also show a severely depressed a-wave, but the elevated b-wave response is absent. Interestingly, in all three KO genotypes, the c-wave is totally absent. The differential response shown here of these KO lines, that either possess homomeric channels or lack channels completely, has provided further insights into the role of K+channels in the generation of the a-, b-, and c-wave components of the ERG.
Selective Activation of Cholecystokinin-Expressing GABA (CCK-GABA) Neurons Enhances Memory and Cognition
Authors: Whissell Paul D. , Bang Jee Yoon , Khan Ikram , Xie Yu-Feng , Parfitt Gustavo M. , Grenon Martine , Plummer Nicholas W. , Jensen Patricia , Bonin Robert P. , Kim Jun Chul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCholecystokinin-expressing GABAergic (CCK-GABA) neurons are perisomatic inhibitory cells that have been argued to regulate emotion and sculpt the network oscillations associated with cognition. However, no study has selectively manipulated CCK-GABA neuron activity during behavior in freely-moving animals. To explore the behavioral effects of activating CCK-GABA neurons on emotion and cognition, we utilized a novel intersectional genetic mouse model coupled with a chemogenetic approach. Specifically, we generated triple transgenicCCK-Cre;Dlx5/6-Flpe;RC::FL-hM3Dq(CCK-GABA/hM3Dq) mice that expressed the synthetic excitatory hM3Dq receptor in CCK-GABA neurons. Results showed that clozapine-N-oxide (CNO)-mediated activation of CCK-GABA neurons did not alter open field (OF) or tail suspension (TS) performance and only slightly increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Although CNO treatment had only modestly affected emotional behavior, it significantly enhanced multiple cognitive and memory behaviors including social recognition, contextual fear conditioning, contextual discrimination, object recognition, and problem-solving in the puzzle box. Collectively, these findings suggest that systemic activation of CCK-GABA neurons minimally affects emotion but significantly enhances cognition and memory. Our results imply that CCK-GABA neurons are more functionally diverse than originally expected and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive/memory disorders.