bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in NeotropicalHeliotropium(Heliotropiaceae)
Authors: Luebert Federico , Brokamp Grischa , Wen Jun , Weigend Maximilian , Hilger Hartmut H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLittle is known about vegetative morphological diversification in Neotropical plant clades in comparison with diversification of reproductive characters. Phylogenetic relationships of the NeotropicalHeliotropium(Heliotropiaceae) were studied using sequences of nrITS and four plastid regions (trnL‐trnF,trnS‐trnG,trnH‐psbA,rps16). Vegetative morphological diversity (leaf morphology, habit), measured as amount of morphospace occupied and as variance of individual characters, was compared among the clades resolved and between groups of species inhabiting dry and humid areas. Three well‐supported clades were recovered: (1)Heliotropiumsect.Heliothamnusfrom the tropical Andes; (2)Heliotropiumsect.Cochraneafrom the Peruvian and the Atacama Deserts; and (3) theTournefortiaclade, comprising the remaining American sections ofHeliotropiumand the mainly NeotropicalTournefortiasect.Tournefortia. Phylogenetic discordance detected between the plastid and nuclear partitions may have been due to lineage sorting, hybridization or differences in number of informative sites. Morphological diversity was largest in theTournefortiaclade and tended to be greater in dry than in humid areas, but without statistical support.Heliotropiumsect.Cochraneawas as diverse as theTournefortiaclade in leaf morphology and may have experienced adaptive radiation in the Atacama Desert. Lowest vegetative diversity was found inHeliotropiumsect.Heliothamnus. The infrageneric delimitation inHeliotropiumneeds reassessment.
A new generic circumscription in tribe Lycieae (Solanaceae)
Authors: Levin Rachel A. , Bernardello Gabriel , Whiting Carolyn , Miller Jill S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTribe Lycieae (Solanaceae) currently includes ca. 92 species in three genera. Two genera account for only a few species, as Phrodus is monotypic and Grabowskia includes just four species. By contrast, Lycium is one of the largest genera in the family, with ca. 88 species and over 95% of the species diversity in tribe Lycieae. Previous molecular studies have suggested that Lycium is paraphyletic and that species of Grabowskia are nested within Lycium. These studies also suggested that the genus Grabowskia was monophyletic, but questioned the integrity of species within it. Likewise, although the genus is defined by a unique fruit structure, morphology is of limited use in distinguishing species within Grabowskia. Depending on the study, Phrodus microphyllus has been placed either as sister to the rest of the tribe or nested within Lycium. In the present study we include data from two nuclear regions (granule‐bound starch synthase and nitrate reductase) and four plastid spacer regions (trnH‐pbsA, trnDGUC‐trnTGGU, rpl32‐trnLUAG, ndhF‐rpl32) to more clearly resolve evolutionary relationships among genera within the tribe and among species in Grabowskia. Results confirm that Lycium is paraphyletic and includes a monophyletic Grabowskia. However, inclusion of multiple accessions of several Grabowskia species does not support the maintenance of distinct species in the genus. In addition, Phrodus microphyllus is moderately supported as basal within the tribe. Given these results, which are further strengthened by morphological and cytological data, we synonymize three Grabowskia species with Grabowskia boerhaviifolia and include this species within Lycium, using its basionym, Lycium boerhaviifolium L. f. Additionally, we transfer Phrodus microphyllus to the genus Lycium, proposing a new combination: Lycium bridgesii (Miers) Levin, Miller & Bernardello. Tribe Lycieae is now monotypic, including the single genus Lycium.
Molecular phylogeny of Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Aphyllis (Euphorbiaceae) inferred from nrDNA and cpDNA markers with biogeographic insights
Authors: Barres Laia , Vilatersana Roser , Molero Julià , Susanna Alfonso , Galbany-Casals Mercè 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEuphorbia subg. Esula (Euphorbiaceae) has recently been shown, using molecular analyses, to contain a clade with a disjunct distribution in Macaronesia, South Africa and the Eritreo‐Arabian region, and being primarily made up of members of sect. Tithymalus subsect. Pachycladae and sect. Tirucalli. To delimitate this disjoint group, we carried out phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) using a broad sampling, with emphasis on subg. Esula. Subsequently, we carried out phylogenetic analyses focused on this clade using nuclear (ITS, ETS) and chloroplast (trnL‐trnF, psbA‐trnH, ycf3‐trnS, trnG, atpB‐rbcL, trnK‐matK, trnT‐trnL) markers, with the aim of resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the group and reconstructing its biogeographic history. Our results showed that sect. Tithymalus subsect. Pachycladae and sect. Tirucalli are polyphyletic. Section Aphyllis is recircumscribed to comprise the Pachycladae core clade and part of sect. Tirucalli. Low resolution within sect. Aphyllis and incongruences between nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies may be due to hybridization. Section Aphyllis should have originated in the Mediterranean area; its disjunct distribution is probably due to vicariance, resulting from fragmentation of a wider distribution area in North Africa caused by the aridification of the climate during the late Miocene‐Pliocene.
Apomictic and sexual lineages of the Potentilla argentea L. group (Rosaceae): Cytotype and molecular genetic differentiation
Authors: Paule Juraj , Sharbel Timothy F. , Dobeš Christoph 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe presented molecular and cytological study of the European Potentilla argentea group (Rosaceae) demonstrates the importance of ploidy differentiation for the evolutionary diversification in apomictic plants. Despite the frequent occurrence of cytologically‐polymorphic populations in apomicts, few studies have addressed the evolutionary relationships among cytotypes and their taxonomic implications. Combined analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), chloroplast DNA sequences, and ploidy have identified three main evolutionary lineages within the Potentilla argentea group. The molecular data unravelled a clear separation of European P. argentea s.l. into a diploid and a hexaploid lineage, as well as a Southern European diploid P. calabra. Potentilla argentea var. pseudocalabra was intermediate between hexaploid P. argentea and P. calabra. Diploid and hexaploid P. argentea occur separately in Western and Eastern Europe, respectively, but are found in sympatry in Central and Northern Europe. Population genetic patterns and character incompatibility tests suggested that hexaploids were apomictic, while diploid P. argentea and P. calabra were selfers and outcrossers, respectively. The data strongly support the consideration of all three taxa as separate species and an allopolyploid origin for the hexaploid P. argentea. Furthermore, the results are concordant with the strong correlation between polyploidy and apomixis in other species, and provide a model system for studying the origin of apomixis involving autogamous diploids.
Taxonomy and biogeography of Agarum and Thalassiophyllum (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) based on sequences of nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid markers
Authors: Boo Ga Hun , Lindstrom Sandra C. , Klochkova Nina G. , Yotsukura Norishige , Yang Eun Chan , Kim Hyung Geun , Waaland J. Robert , Cho Ga Youn , Miller Kathy Ann , Boo Sung Min 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAgarum is a perennial kelp genus that has a broad distribution from the northwest Pacific to the northwest Atlantic Ocean. In order to address questions regarding phylogenetic relationships and present‐day distribution patterns of species within this genus, we analyzed the nuclear ITS2, mitochondrial cox1 and cox3, and plastid RuBisCO spacer from a subset of 130 samples of the genus plus Thalassiophyllum and Costaria. All analyses of the individual markers and the ITS2 + cox1 + cox3 dataset consistently produced a clade of Agarum that included Thalassiophyllum. The clade consisted of two well‐resolved subclades: one composed of A. fimbriatum and A. oharaense, and the other of A. clathratum, A. turneri, A. yakishiriense, and T. clathrus (the type of the generic name Thalassiophyllum). On the basis of these results, we treat Thalassiophyllum as a syn onym of Agarum, reinstating the combination A. clathrus made by Greville in 1830. Despite its wide distribution from Japan through Alaska to the east coast of North America, A. clathratum had low genetic diversity, suggesting a relatively recent long‐distance dispersal of the species. The low degree of substitutions between A. clathratum and A. yakishiriense suggests their recent divergence from a common ancestor, and we recognize the latter as a subspecies of the former. Because type ma terial of A. clathratum has not been found, we designate as neotype a specimen collected in Kamchatka, one of two syntype localities cited by Gmelin for Fucus agarum.
A comparison of paraffin and resin‐based techniques used in bark anatomy
Authors: Hamann Thomas , Smets Erik , Lens Frederic 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBark anatomy is an unappreciated discipline in plant systematics, despite its great potential to reveal systematically informative features. In this paper, main reasons for the lack of detailed bark anatomical data in many plant families are identified, including problems with sectioning, terminological issues, and difficulties in observation of dilated stems. We deal with these problems by focusing on two aspects: (1) compare, discuss and improve existing sectioning and maceration techniques using two species with soft and hard bark tissues; and (2) discuss the best way to collect stem bark samples. We hope that this paper will stimulate inclusion of bark anatomical data in future systematic studies.
The Acacia controversy resulting from minority rule at the Vienna Nomenclature Section: Much more than arcane arguments and complex technicalities
Authors: Moore Gerry , Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela , Demissew Sebsebe , Lewis Gwilym , Schrire Brian , Rico Lourdes , van Wyk Abraham E. , Luckow Melissa , Kiesling Roberto , Sousa S. Mario 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe arguments towards resolving the Acacia nomenclatural controversy put forth by Thiele & al. (2011) are reviewed and rebutted. We argue that a truly pragmatic and, moreover, defensible and equitable alternative to accepting the retypification of Acacia Mill. with a conserved type would be to have the 2006 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, excluding this retypification, serve as the basis for discussions at the Nomenclature Section of the Melbourne International Botanical Congress in 2011. We, and a large component of the international taxonomic community, and beyond, remain convinced that the minority rule voting procedure used at Vienna on Acacia was inappropriate, resulting in animosity that will without any doubt linger until this situation is rectified. Such a minority rule procedure has never in the history of Nomenclature Sections been implemented before. Exclusion of the Acacia retypification can be achieved through a democratic process by objecting to its inclusion when the printed (2006) Code comes up for adoption at the start of the Nomenclature Section. This is perfectly within the established process that has been used in past Section meetings. The integrity of the Code will suffer permanent damage if the retypification of Acacia Mill. with a conserved type is not removed from the ICBN, especially as it ended up there through a minority decision.
Validation of the names of two genera and thirty‐nine species of fossil spores and pollen recorded from the Tertiary sediments of India
Authors: Saxena Ramesh K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe names of thirty‐nine species of fossil spores and pollen recognized by various palynologists, but not validly published, are validated by providing information on repository of their holotypes. Of these, 10 species are of pteridophytic spores, 2 species of gymnospermous pollen and 27 species of angiospermous pollen. The new species names are: Acanthotricolpites brevicolpus R.K. Kar, Acanthotriletes triangulatus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Assamialetes minutus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Biretisporites minimus A. Kumar, Conitricolporites triangulus R.K. Kar, Corrusporis indicus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Cycadaceaelagenella minor A. Kumar & K. Takah., Cycadaceaelagenella psilata A. Kumar & K. Takah.,Dicolpopollis psilatus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Hibisceaepollenites robustispinosus R.K. Kar, Incrotonipollis mannargudensis M. Acharya (based on “Crotonipollis mannargudensis M. Acharya”), Intertriletes reticulatus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Intrapunctosporis cacharensis A. Kumar & K. Takah., Laevigatosporites robustus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Lanagiopollis reitsmae Phadtare & B. Thakur, Lanagiopollis rugulatus Phadtare & B. Thakur, Lanagiopollis ruguloreticulatus Phadtare & B. Thakur, Meyeripollis triradiatus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Palmidites minor A. Kumar, Palmidites psilatus A. Kumar, Polyvestibulopollenites assamicus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Psilastephanocolpites elongatus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Psilastephanocolpites kumarii R.K. Saxena (“Psilastephanocolpites minutus A. Kumar & K. Takah.”), Psiloschizosporis scabratus R.K. Kar, Pteridacidites minor A. Kumar, Pteridacidites tripuraensis R.K. Kar, Racemonocolpites thanjinathensis J. Mandal, Racemonocolpites trichotomosulcatus J. Mandal, Retibrevitricolpites macroreticulatus A. Kumar & K. Takah., Retipilonapites barakensis A. Kumar & K. Takah., Retistephanocolpites assamicus A. Kumar, Scabrastephanocolpites ovatus A. Kumar & K. Takah.,Striatocolporites takahashii R.K. Saxena (“Striatocolporites minor A. Kumar & K. Takah.”), Tamilnaduapollis reticulatus M. Acharya, Tricolporopilites magnus M. Acharya, Verrualetes baculatus A. Kumar, Verrualetes excellensus M. Acharya, Verrucosisporites miocenicus A. Kumar & K. Takah., and Verrutriporites sparsiverrucatus A. Kumar & K. Takah. The genera Conitricolporites R.K. Kar (Type: C. triangulus R.K. Kar) and Tamilnaduapollis M. Acharya (Type: T. reticulatus M. Acharya) are also here validated with the validation of their respective types.
Nomenclature and typification of names of genera and subdivisions of genera inCypereae(Cyperaceae): 2. Names of subdivisions ofCyperus
Authors: Larridon Isabel , Huygh Wim , Reynders Marc , Muasya A. Muthama , Govaerts Rafaël , Simpson David A. , Goetghebeur Paul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper is the second in a series of papers on the nomenclature of the names of genera (Huygh & al., 2010) and subdivisions of genera inCypereae(Cyperaceae). Here we present a survey of all published names of subdivisions ofCyperus, designate types where needed, and evaluate priority and legitimacy.Cyperusis the largest genus inCypereaeand is the secondtype="book"largest genus in the family. The high diversity inCyperusand the complex relationships with its segregate genera resulted in the accumulation of more than 220 names of subdivisions inCyperusof which 18 are not validly published and 33 are illegitimate.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 12
Authors: Prud'homme van Reine Willem F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe following three names are recommended for conservation: Achnanthes brevipes against A. adnata, A. baccillarioides, and A. dubia, and with a conserved type; Sphacelaria with a conserved type; and Dasya, nom. cons. against Rhodonema. As result of reference under Art. 53.5, it is recommended that the genus names Sykidion and Sycidium and all the higher taxa based on these names are not to be considered confusingly similar and thus cannot be treated as (para‐)homonyms.
Report of the Nomenclatural Committee for Bryophyta: 10
Authors: Klazenga Niels 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe following four names of mosses are recommended for conservation: Hypnum molle with a conserved type, Meteorium with a conserved type, Papillaria, nom cons, with a different conserved type, and Rhynchostegium against Eriodon. In addition, conservation of Stirtonia A.L. Sm. (lichenized fungi) against Stirtonia R. Br. bis, already recommended by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, is supported. The Committee is unable to make any recommendation on the proposals to conserve Leptodontium proliferum against Tortula umbrosa, and Gertrudia validinervis against Barbula uncinicoma at this stage and is continuing its consideration of these proposals. Two proposals for modification of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature that relate particularly to bryophytes are recommended for acceptance, Art. 9 Prop. H (Taxon Prop. 219) and Div. III Prop. A (338).
Blood metabolite concentration, milk yield, resumption of ovarian activity and conception in grazing dual purpose cows supplemented with concentrate during the post‐partum period
Authors: Adjorlolo Leornard , Obese Frederick Y. , Tecku Patrick 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCattle grazing on natural pasture face seasonal variation in pasture availability and nutritive value. Improving the nutrition of cows by providing supplementary feeds during periods of pasture or nutrient deficit is necessary for improved productivity. This study was conducted to determine the effect of feed supplementation during the post‐partum period on the metabolic status and reproductive performance of 40 grazing Sanga and Friesian × Sanga cows. Twenty out of a total of 40 cows (10 Sanga and 10 Friesian × Sanga cows) were supplemented with 2.5 kg of concentrate per day for 16 weeks after calving. Parameters measured include daily milk yield, concentration of blood metabolites, resumption of ovarian activity and conception. Supplemented cows had higher partial milk yield than their non‐supplemented counterparts (2.07 vs. 1.60 kg/day; P < 0.001). Sanga cows had lower milk yield than the Friesian × Sanga crossbreds (1.61 vs. 2.05 kg/day; P < 0.01). Supplemented cows had higher mean total protein (86.7 vs. 81.3 g/L; P = 0.007) and globulin (53.0 vs. 47.7; P = 0.014) concentrations than non‐supplemented cows. Sanga cows had higher glucose (P = 0.027), total protein (P < 0.001) and globulin (P < 0.001) but lower triglyceride (P = 0.003) and progesterone (P = 0.023) concentrations than Friesian × Sanga cows. Supplemented cows had less proportion not cycling (20 vs. 55%; P = 0.022) and less days open (95.8 vs. 106 days; P = 0.032) than non‐supplemented cows. The Friesian × Sanga cows had higher progesterone concentrations at first progesterone rise (3.34 vs. 1.32 ng/mL; P = 0.032) and shorter interval from calving to conception (96.7 vs. 106 days; P = 0.042). The results from this study indicate the beneficial effects of feed supplementation in terms of increased milk yield, better metabolic status and reproductive performance.
Biofilm development dynamics and pollutant removal performance of ceramsite made from drinking‐water treatment sludge
Authors: Chen Shuaiqi , Chen Yang , Pei Haiyan , Hou Qingjie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlum‐sludge ceramsite and denitrifying bacteria (XP‐1, XP‐2, CL‐1, CL‐3) were used as substrate and constructed biofilm for enhancing the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The results showed that, due to the large specific surface area, the maximum growth rate was 0.49 mg/(g·day) on the sludge ceramsite, and the mass of biofilm attached onto sludge ceramsite was 5.98 times higher than that when using commercial ceramsite as substrate. Better removal performance could be achieved with the combination of sludge ceramsite and bacteria, viz. 98.6%, 91.0%, and 85.8% reduction in total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Pseudo–first‐order kinetics, pseudo–second‐order kinetics, Monod kinetics, and multiple Monod kinetics combined with continuous‐flow‐stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) behavior were used to investigate the dynamics of the pollutant removal processes. The decrease in band brightness for bacteria attached onto sludge ceramsite was 11.5%, while it was more than 35.7% on commercial ceramsite during wastewater treatment according to results from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Sludge ceramsite played an important role in maintaining quantities and activities of denitrifying bacteria, and application of sludge ceramsite substrate and denitrifying bacteria was a reliable method to enhance the removals of phosphorus, nitrogen, and COD from domestic wastewater.Practitioner Points

Alum‐sludge ceramsite was a good substrate for phosphorus adsorption and denitrifying bacterial growth.

There was 5.98 times more biofilm on sludge ceramsite than on commercial ceramsite

The biofilm of denitrifying bacteria on sludge ceramsite was more stable.

High removals of TP (98.6%), TN (90.1%) and COD (85.81%) were achieved.
From isolated structures to continuous networks: A categorization of cytoskeleton‐based motile engineered biological microstructures
Authors: Andorfer Rachel , Alper Joshua D. 
Published: February 2019

As technology at the small scale is advancing, motile engineered microstructures are becoming useful in drug delivery, biomedicine, and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices. However, traditional engineering methods and materials can be inefficient or functionally inadequate for small‐scale applications. Increasingly, researchers are turning to the biology of the cytoskeleton, including microtubules, actin filaments, kinesins, dyneins, myosins, and associated proteins, for both inspiration and solutions. They are engineering structures with components that range from being entirely biological to being entirely synthetic mimics of biology and on scales that range from isotropic continuous networks to single isolated structures. Motile biological microstructures trace their origins from the development of assays used to study the cytoskeleton to the array of structures currently available today. We define 12 types of motile biological microstructures, based on four categories: entirely biological, modular, hybrid, and synthetic, and three scales: networks, clusters, and isolated structures. We highlight some key examples, the unique functionalities, and the potential applications of each microstructure type, and we summarize the quantitative models that enable engineering them. By categorizing the diversity of motile biological microstructures in this way, we aim to establish a framework to classify these structures, define the gaps in current research, and spur ideas to fill those gaps.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies