bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications and Patterns of Use for Parenteral Nutrition in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: McGrath Kathleen H. , Evans Victoria , Yap Jason 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cancer are at risk of treatment related gastrointestinal toxicity and malnutrition. Intestinal dysfunction may preclude or limit use of enteral nutrition, and parenteral nutrition (PN) may be required. Published indications for PN use in children with cancer are generally nonspecific. We sought to describe patterns of use, indications, and frequency of PN prescription in children with cancer and propose indicators to guide appropriate PN use.MethodsRetrospective chart review of children with cancer receiving inpatient PN in a tertiary referral pediatric hospital over 12 months was performed using electronic medical record search and paper records. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsPN was prescribed to 88 patients in 111 episodes. Total use (2377 days) represented 24% of annual inpatient days in all children with cancer. Primary clinical indications were mucositis (40%), feed intolerance (29%), postoperative (16%), or “other” (15%), (including nasogastric tube refusal (n = 6)). Patients with hematological cancer had longer median episodes (19 vs 12.5 days) and earlier commencement of PN after diagnosis (50 vs 80 days) than children with nonhematological cancer. Most PN episodes longer than 28 days were in children with hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).ConclusionInpatient PN use is common in childhood cancer. Indications include mucositis, feed intolerance, and surgical management. Patterns of use are influenced by cancer diagnosis and treatment, with greater use in children with hematological cancer and HSCT. Improved understanding and specific indications may guide appropriate PN prescription and minimize unnecessary risk, cost, and inconsistency in care.
The effect of biochar with biogas digestate or mineral fertilizer on fertility, aggregation and organic carbon content of a sandy soil: Results of a temperate field experiment
Authors: Greenberg Isabel , Kaiser Michael , Polifka Steven , Wiedner Katja , Glaser Bruno , Ludwig Bernard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSubstitution of mineral fertilizers with organic soil amendments is postulated to improve productivity‐relevant soil properties such as aggregation and organic matter (OM) content. However, there is a lack of studies analyzing the effects of biochar and biogas digestate versus mineral fertilizer on soil aggregation and OM dynamics under temperate field conditions. To address this research gap, a field experiment was sampled four years after establishment on a sandy Cambisol in Germany where mineral fertilizer or liquid biogas digestate was applied with or without 3 or 40 Mg biochar ha−1 (produced at 650°C). Soil samples were analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC) content, pH, cation exchange capacity, bulk density, water‐holding capacity, microbial biomass, aggregate size class distribution, and the SOC content associated with these size classes. 40 Mg biochar ha−1 significantly increased SOC content in all fractions, especially free particulate OM and the 2–0.25 mm fraction. The yield of small macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm) was increased by biochar, but cation exchange capacity, water‐holding capacity, and pH were not consistently improved. Thus, high‐temperature biochar applied to a sandy soil under temperate conditions is primarily recommended to increase SOC content, which could contribute to climate change mitigation if this C remains sequestered over the long‐term. Fertilizer type did not significantly affect SOC content or other measured properties of the sandy Cambisol, suggesting that replacement of mineral fertilizer with digestate has a neutral effect on soil fertility. Co‐application of biochar with digestate provided no advantages for soil properties compared to co‐application with mineral fertilizer. Thus, independent utilization of these organic amendments is equally suitable.
Was yellow lead chromate pigment used during Middle Stone Age at Sibudu rock shelter (South Africa)?
Authors: Wojcieszak Marine , Wadley Lyn , Prinsloo Linda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA recent study using the combination of optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of bright yellow residues of lead (II) chromate associated with grinding striations on a 58,000‐year‐old grindstone excavated at Sibudu rock shelter in South Africa. Lead (II) chromate (PbCrO4) exists in nature as the rare mineral crocoite, however was available as the synthetic pigment, chrome yellow, from the 19th century. At the time of the residue analysis on the grindstone, it was not possible to determine whether the yellow residues were due to modern contamination or a result of ancient use. Careful analyses of the excavation protocol followed at Sibudu rock shelter and all implements that might possibly have been in contact with the grindstone after excavation identified yellow spray paint as a possible origin of the contamination. Here, we performed experimental grinding of the mineral crocoite on a sandstone slab, sprayed yellow paint on rhyolite and compared optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopic analysis results to the archaeological sample. The optical appearance of the archaeological residues, the absence of associated minerals of crocoite, and the presence of organic matter mixed with lead chromate demonstrate that the residues on the archaeological grindstone stem from modern contamination. This paper draws attention to contamination issues originating from excavation practices.
Significance of lymph node involvement in local recurrence of colorectal cancer
Authors: Dumont Frédéric , Muñoz Miguel A. , De Franco Valéria , Wernert Romuald , Verriele Valérie , Heyman Marie‐Françoise , Kerdraon Olivier , Capitain Olivier , Guerin‐Meyer Véronique , Raimbourg Judith , Senellart Hélène , Hiret Sandrine , Raoul Jean‐Luc , Thibaudeau Emilie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are few data on lymphatic spread concomitant to local recurrence (LR) of colorectal cancer (CRC). The objectives of this study were to determine variables associated with lymphatic spread, to analyze the distribution of LN+, and understand the underlying mechanisms.MethodsA total of 76 patients underwent resection of LR of CRC between January 2007 and December 2018 at Institut cancérologique de l’Ouest and were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐five (32.9%) patients had lymph node (LN) involvement with LR. Lymphatics from the mesocolon‐rectum and aorto‐iliac compartments were involved in 21%, 20.3% and 18.1%, 20.3% for pelvic and retroperitoneal LRs, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the only predictive factor for LN invasion (LN+) was a primary positive LN status (odds ratio, 5.3; P = .007). Despite a trend toward a worse median overall survival in the LN+ group, the difference was not significant in comparison with the LN− group (46 vs. 57 months; P = 0.31) or with the LN− plus LN not assessed groups (46 months vs not reached; P = .07).ConclusionsLN invasion with LR from CRC is a frequent occurrence without significant impact on survival. The only predictive factor is a primary positive nodal status.
Intraoperative Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging of Femoral Head Perfusion in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Back Susan J. , Chauvin Nancy A. , Ntoulia Aikaterini , Ho‐Fung Victor M. , Calle Toro Juan S. , Sridharan Anush , Morgan Trudy A. , Kozak Brandi , Darge Kassa , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common developmental deformities of the lower extremity. Although many children are successfully treated with a brace or harness, some require intraoperative closed or open reduction and spica casting. Surgical reduction is largely successful to relocate the hip; however, iatrogenic avascular necrosis is a major source of morbidity. Recent research showed that postoperative gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can depict hip perfusion, which may predict a future incidence of avascular necrosis. As contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) assesses blood flow in real time, it may be an effective intraoperative alternative to evaluate femoral head perfusion. Here we describe our initial experience regarding the feasibility of intraoperative CEUS of the hip for the assessment of femoral head perfusion before and after DDH reduction.MethodsThis single‐institution retrospective Institutional Review Board–approved study with a waiver of informed consent evaluated intraoperative hip CEUS in children with DDH compared to postoperative contrast‐enhanced MRI. Pediatric radiologists, blinded to prior imaging findings and outcomes, reviewed both CEUS and MRI examinations separately and some time from the initial examination both independently and in consensus.ResultsSeventeen patients had 20 intraoperative CEUS examinations. Twelve of 17 (70.6%) had prereduction hip CEUS, postreduction hip CEUS, and postreduction gadolinium‐enhanced MRI. Seven of 12 (58.3%) were evaluable retrospectively. All CEUS studies showed blood flow in the femoral epiphysis before and after reduction, and all MRI studies showed femoral head enhancement after reduction. The CEUS and MRI for all 7 patients also showed physeal blood flow.ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced ultrasound is a feasible intraoperative tool for assessing adequate blood flow after hip reduction surgery in DDH.
MicroRNA‐498 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells and decreases radiation sensitivity by targeting PTEN
Authors: Duan Xiu‐Mei , Liu Xiao‐Na , Li Yu‐Xin , Cao Yu‐Qing , Silayiding Aidaeraili , Zhang Rong‐Kui , Wang Ji‐Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) remains the secondary highest cause of cancer‐related death in the United States in men. It has been reported that microRNAs can serve as key regulators in tumor development and progression in various cancers including PCa. In this study, we examined the effect of miR‐498 on proliferation, radiosensitivity, invasion, and migration of PCa cells. The proliferation of LNCaP and DU‐145 PCa cells with altered expression of miR‐498 was evaluated by MTT assay. The invasion and migration of LNCaP and DU‐145 PCa cells were assess by matrigel invasion assay and transwell migration assay. The protein expression level in PCa cells was examined by western blot. The function of miR‐498 on radiation‐induced apoptosis in LNCaP and DU‐145 PCa cells was detected by Caspase‐Glo3/7 assay. Forced expression of miR‐498 improved the proliferation, invasion and migration in PCa cells. Furthermore, miR‐498 decreased the sensitivity of PCa cells after ionizing radiation treatment. MiR‐498 reduced the radiation‐induced apoptosis in PCa cells by regulation of BAX and Bcl‐2 expression. Meanwhile, miR‐498 altered the expression of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, snail, and Vimentin in both LNCaP and DU‐145 PCa cells and regulated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further study showed that aberrant expression of miR‐498 changed the expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog and p‐AKT in LNCaP and DU‐145 PCa cells. In a summary, miR‐498 displayed important roles in tumor development and progression in PCa cells, and might act as a potential prognostic biomarker and predict radiotherapy response in PCa.
Two novel mutations in TTN of a patient with congenital myopathy: A case report
Authors: Jang Joon Young , Park Yulhyun , Jang Dae‐Hyun , Jang Ja‐Hyun , Ryu Ju Seok 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐onset myopathies show a wide spectrum of phenotypes and are composed of various types of inherited neuromuscular diseases, making it difficult to diagnose. TTN mutation‐related myopathy is a known cause of early‐onset myopathy. Since a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled sequencing of the vast amount of DNA, TTN, which is the longest coding sequence of any human gene, mutations can now be revealed. We report a 10‐year‐old female with severe congenital muscular weakness and delayed motor development since birth.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing as well as electromyography and muscle biopsy were performed.ResultsTo date, she is incapable of walking alone. Her younger sister had similar but more severe symptoms with respiratory failure. In electromyography, short‐duration, small‐amplitude motor unit action potential, and early recruitment patterns were observed in the involved proximal muscles, suggesting myopathy. Muscle histopathology showed a specific atrophy of increased fiber size variability, frequent nuclear internalization, as well as degeneration and regeneration of fibers with type I fiber predominance, consistent with the findings of a previous report about congenital titinopathy. A NGS study revealed two different possible pathogenic variants in TTN: (a) canonical splicing mutation in the intron 105 (c. 29963‐1G>C) and (b) frameshift and truncating mutation in the exon 339 (c.92812dup/p.Arg30938LysfsTer15). All variants were confirmed by conventional Sanger sequencing.ConclusionWe propose that unbiased genomic sequencing can be helpful in screening patients with early‐onset myopathy.
The Preventative Effects of Procyanidin on Binge Ethanol‐Induced Lipid Accumulation and ROS Overproduction via the Promotion of Hepatic Autophagy
Authors: Cao Peng , Zhang Yu , Huang Zi , Sullivan Mitchell A. , He Zihao , Wang Jinglin , Chen Zehong , Hu Huiping , Wang Kaiping 
Published: July 2019

ScopeAutophagy plays an important role in alleviating alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In this study, it is discovered that a dimer procyanidin (DPC) significantly prevented ALD by promoting hepatic autophagy.Methods and resultsBoth cell and animal disease models stimulated by excessive ethanol are employed to evaluate the protective actions of DPC. Specifically, in vitro, DPC significantly decreased intracellular lipid deposition, diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and elevated the level of mitochondrial membrane potential. These beneficial effects can be remarkably blocked by 3‐methyladenine, a potent autophagy inhibitor, suggesting the autophagy‐dependent protective role of DPC. In vivo, DPC pretreatment can also significantly reduce lipid accumulation, ROS overproduction, and elevated GSH content in the liver. Similarly, these protective effects of DPC can be partially reversed by chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor used to block the late‐stage autophagy flux. Moreover, the determinations of LC3 and p62 protein expressions, autophagic flux assessments, and transmission electron microscopy observation further demonstrate the pro‐autophagic effect of DPC.ConclusionsDPC may activate hepatic autophagy to eliminate lipid droplets and damaged mitochondria, thereby reducing hepatic lipid disposition and ROS overproduction. This study demonstrates that DPC is a protective reagent on ALD, providing a novel strategy of fighting ALD.
Raising Fish in a Purpose-Built Conservation Aquaculture Facility Using Conservation Aquaculture Management
Authors: Tave Douglas , Toya Louie A , Hutson Alison M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The naturalized conservation aquaculture unit (refugium) at Los Lunas Silvery Minnow Refugium is the first purpose-built, large-scale conservation aquaculture mesocosm. The refugium is 0.2 ha in area, with 0.11 ha of interconnected water habitats, including a stream with sand bars, five ponds, shelves, marshes, attached bars, and overbank areas that can be inundated to create floodplains. The key components of conservation aquaculture management in the refugium are as follows: (1) no artificial feed is used, so that the fish develop the foraging strategies that will be needed in the wild and do not develop maladaptive behaviors associated with feeding; (2) the production of natural food organisms is based on indirect fertilization; (3) fish are subjected to managed predation, so that when stocked they are not behaviorally naïve; and (4) low stocking rates are used to mimic population densities in the wild. Results from 6 years of management and the lessons learned about facility design and conservation aquaculture management are discussed.
Factors That Worsen Disease Severity in Acute Pancreatitis: Implications for More Innovative Nutrition Therapy
Authors: McClave Stephen A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe pathophysiologic process of severe acute pancreatitis involves a vicious cycle of inflammation and increasing oxidative stress. Secretory defects trap activated pancreatic enzymes within the gland leading to autodigestion while circulatory abnormalities add the insult of ischemia/reperfusion injury. What may have the greatest impact in amplifying the systemic inflammatory response, though, is intestinal failure with breakdown of gut barrier defenses, subversion of submucosal immune responses, and emergence of a virulent pathobiome. Understanding the intricacies of these changes has broad‐reaching implications for nutrition therapy, which should no longer be limited to the provision of early enteral feeding alone. Emerging strategies should attempt to maintain commensalism, bind potential pathogens, refaunate the microbiome, actively turn off inflammation, reset cross‐talk signaling with epithelial receptors, and deliver nutrients further down the gastrointestinal tract to the level of greatest microbial burden. Innovative nutrition therapy for the patient with severe acute pancreatitis should be designed to address and include all of these strategies in order to shift the course of clinical outcome toward a pattern of recovery and homeostasis.
Effect of foot care interventions for older adults using day care services
Authors: Fujii Kashiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThis study explored the prevalence of foot problems among older adults and the effectiveness of foot care interventions for improving toe‐gap force and foot flexibility. Foot problems are very common among people aged 65 years and older. However, the effects of foot care interventions on components underlying these issues (i.e., toe‐gap force and foot flexibility) are unclear.DesignThis was a quasi‐experimental study.MethodsEighteen older adults were divided into three groups: medical foot care intervention, combined intervention and control group. The combined intervention group received medical foot care, foot hygiene and five‐toed socks. Toe‐gap force and foot flexibility were measured.ResultsThe most common foot problems were hallux valgus, toe deformities, nail discoloration and thickness and dryness. Significant differences in right foot toe‐gap force were observed between the combined intervention and control groups. There were no significant differences in foot flexibility between groups.
Curiosity's pleasure? Exploring motives for cultural consumption
Authors: Manolika Maria , Baltzis Alexandros 
Published: July 2019

Although there is a robust research framework describing several motivational factors explaining cultural consumption behavior, most of these research endeavors do not rely on specific theories. Therefore, based on three psychological approaches and previous research, this study aims to identify the main motives of people consuming various cultural goods (i.e., books, recorded music, historical monuments, and festivals). To further extend current studies, this research suggests a hierarchical structure of consumer needs and investigates the motivational differences between cultural consumption behavior and demographic variables (gender and age). A structural equation modeling was employed to confirm the structure of the consumers' drives indicating that six motives (entertainment, escapism, cultural exploration, learning/curiosity, family togetherness, and socialization) can sufficiently describe individuals' needs. The above dimensions can be sorted into three higher‐order types of motivation, which are the emotional, cognitive, and social ones. The results also revealed that there are significant differences in motivation depending on cultural participation as well as demographic variables. The current findings are important not only for academics, but also for art practitioners, who need to develop effective marketing strategies, increase consumer satisfaction, and meet their economic objectives.
Pigmentation of White, Brown, and Green Chicken Eggshells Analyzed by Reflectance, Transmittance, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Ostertag Edwin , Scholz Miriam , Klein Julia , Rebner Karsten , Oelkrug Dieter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report on the reflectance, transmittance and fluorescence spectra (λ=200–1200 nm) of four types of chicken eggshells (white, brown, light green, dark green) measured in situ without pretreatment and after ablation of 20–100 μm of the outer shell regions. The color pigment protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is embedded in the protein phase of all four shell types as highly fluorescent monomers, in the white and light green shells additionally as non‐fluorescent dimers, and in the brown and dark green shells mainly as non‐fluorescent poly‐aggregates. The green shell colors are formed from an approximately equimolar mixture of PPIX and biliverdin. The axial distribution of protein and colorpigments were evaluated from the combined reflectances of both the outer and inner shell surfaces, as well as from the transmittances. For the data generation we used the radiative transfer model in the random walk and Kubelka‐Munk approaches.
Advantages of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes as Metallocene Sources Towards Other Synthetically used Systems
Authors: Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractActive species for synthetic and catalytic applications are formed from well defined complexes or mixtures of compounds. For group 4 metallocenes, three pathways for the formation of the reactive complex fragment [Cp′2M] are known: (i) reductive mixtures and well defined complexes which are able to form the metallocene fragments either by (ii) addition or (iii) substitution reactions. In this account for each of theses systems (i)–(iii) a prominent example will be discussed in detail, (i) the Negishi reagent Cp2ZrCl2/n‐BuLi, (ii) bis(η5 : η1‐pentafulvene) complexes and (iii) metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes, to show the advantages and the disadvantages for each of these methods for synthetic applications. This account summarizes some main advantages of group 4 metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes as metallocene generating agents over other synthetically used systems. For each of the special purposes, all described systems have advantages as well as disadvantages. The aim of this overview is to help synthetic chemists in selecting the most effective system on the basis of [Cp′2M] (M=Ti, Zr) for synthetic or catalytic puposes.