bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poetic Inspiration and the Contextualization of Misunderstanding
Authors: Mason Catharine 
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on performance ethnography in which an academically trained ethnographer produces a corpus of culturally configured verbal art in professional association with a competent performer of the culture of study. More specifically, we will consider the role of inspiration in bridging the gap(s) between cultural references and expressions that are grounded in distinctly different semiotic systems. A stylistic study of Victoria Howard’s “I and my sister‑cousin” (Clackamas Chinook) as told to Melville Jacobs during their ethnographical recording sessions in 1929 will highlight dialogical and contextual indices to artistic motivation inspired by the linguist’s misunderstanding of spiritual beliefs and practices.
Inspiration et enchantement chez deux poètes de langue indo‑européenne
Authors: Leavitt John 
Published: May 2018

Les recherches sur les sociétés de langue indo‑européenne font apparaître ce qui semble être une conception commune du poète et de sa fonction : selon cette conception, le poète serait un maître de la parole, que son savoir‑faire rend capable de procurer à son patron la renommée, et ainsi une certaine immortalité. Le présent article met en parallèle ce modèle indo‑européen hypothétique avec deux figures historiques : le poète irlandais à demi légendaire Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh et un chanteur de l’Himalaya central justement célébré, Gopī Dās.
De la poésie touarègue à la saudade portugaise…
Authors: Casajus Dominique 
Published: May 2018

Le maître mot de la poésie touarègue classique est äsuf, un terme qui, par certaines de ses acceptions, se rapproche du français « solitude », mais le mot désigne aussi la nostalgie de l’être aimé ou du pays perdu, acception qui n’est pas rendue en français par « solitude ». Or, du xiie au xvie siècle, les troubadours galégo‑portugais, puis les poètes portugais écrivant dans ce qu’on appelle le castillan lusitanien, disposaient d’un mot, dérivé du latin solitas, qui avait exactement le même champ sémantique que äsuf. Il s’agit du mot dont la forme castillane était soledad et la forme proprement portugaise soedade, soydade, ou suydade. Par la suite, soedade est devenu saudade, qui n’a plus que le sens de « nostalgie », tandis que soledad, qui existe encore en castillan, a gardé toutes ses anciennes acceptions. On évoque ici le cheminement de ces termes, qui ont eu, et qui ont encore tant d’importance dans la poésie portugaise.
A2A Adenosine Receptor Gene Deletion or Synthetic A2A Antagonist Liberate Tumor-Reactive CD8+ T Cells from Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Kjaergaard Jorgen , Hatfield Stephen , Jones Graham , Ohta Akio , Sitkovsky Michail 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Tumor hypoxia–driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine was shown to facilitate tumor evasion by engaging the immunosuppressive, intracellular cAMP-elevating A2 adenosine receptors (A2R) on tumor-reactive effector T cells, but there remains a need for careful evaluation of the limiting factors and properties of A2R blockade–enabled antitumor immunity. In studies of A2AR and/or A2BR gene–deficient mice, we found that A2AR deletion—but not A2BR deletion—liberates endogenous CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity against weakly immunogenic MCA205 sarcomas. Studies of adoptively transferred A2AR−/−, A2BR−/−, or A2AR−/−/A2BR−/− tumor-reactive T cells confirmed that immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment was mediated by A2AR on CD8+ T cells. Treatment with A2AR antagonist mimicked A2AR gene deletion in adoptive T cell immunotherapy. This therapeutic benefit of targeting A2AR was independent of the anatomical location of tumor growth. The enhanced antitumor reactivity also led to the eradication of established intracranial tumors, which was associated with mouse survival and the maintenance of long-lasting, tumor-specific immunological memory. The blockade of the A2AR on adoptively transferred T cells by synthetic A2AR antagonist led to higher levels of IFN-γ secretion by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. These data clarify the mechanism of hypoxia-driven immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment by A2AR on tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells and show that selective A2AR antagonists can be effective in improving the outcomes of T cell–based immunotherapies. Demonstration of the T cell dose dependency of tumor rejection points to a major limitation of current cancer immunotherapies, in which the presence of sufficient numbers of tumor-reactive T cells in a patient is not known.
ATXN3 Positively Regulates Type I IFN Antiviral Response by Deubiquitinating and Stabilizing HDAC3
Authors: Feng Qian , Miao Ying , Ge Jun , Yuan Yukang , Zuo Yibo , Qian Liping , Liu Jin , Cheng Qiao , Guo Tingting , Zhang Liting , Yu Zhengyuan , Zheng Hui 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) belongs to the Josephin family of deubiquitinases. So far, ATXN3 is majorly linked to the neurodegenerative disease, Machado–Joseph disease. The role of ATXN3 in the antiviral function has not been explored, and the in vivo deubiquitinating activity of ATXN3 remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that ATXN3 is an important positive regulator of type I IFN (IFN-I)–mediated antiviral activity in murine primary lung cells and human epithelial and fibroblast cell lines. We clarify that ATXN3 does not promote IFN-I production, but enhances the IFN-I–mediated signaling pathway. Furthermore, ATXN3 physically interacts with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and upregulates the level of HDAC3 protein. Moreover, ATXN3 deubiquitinates HDAC3, thereby enhancing HDAC3 protein stability. Interestingly, the interaction between ATXN3 and HDAC3 increases during viral infection, which promotes IFN-I–induced signaling in murine primary lung cells. Finally, we reveal the ATXN3/HDAC3 axis–mediated regulation of IFN-I antiviral response. These findings reveal a novel biological function of ATXN3 and an important antiviral mechanism by which the deubiquitinase ATXN3 positively regulates IFN-I antiviral response, and they may provide a novel strategy for enhancing IFN-based antiviral therapy.
Exploring a communication curriculum through a focus on social accountability: A case study at a South African medical school
Authors: Matthews Margaret G. , Van Wyk Jacqueline M. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Good communication is integral to social accountability, and training is included in medical curricula internationally. In KwaZulu-Natal, training is conducted in English, in spite of most public sector patients being mother tongue isiZulu speakers. Communication challenges with patients are common, but good communication and African language teaching are not emphasised in teaching.Aim: This study explored communication training and how it related to social accountability at a single institution in KwaZulu-Natal.Setting: This exploratory, qualitative case study design at the medical school explored participants’ perceptions about communication and social accountability and reviewed relevant educational documentation for evidence.Methods: Purposive sampling was used to select medical students, educators and stakeholders from the educational and service platforms. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data were thematically analysed with reference to Boelen’s social obligation scale for medical schools.Results: Good communication was valued, but often poorly role-modelled. Participants agreed that communication and isiZulu teaching were insufficiently supported to respond adequately to the needs of local communities. Social accountability was not well understood by students, while medical school educators and other stakeholders indicated that, despite aspirations, this goal had not yet been achieved.Conclusions: Learning isiZulu language and culture in an integrated manner in both preclinical and clinical phases would improve communication with patients, contribute to socially responsive health care, and better address health care needs. Incorporating a social accountability framework in curriculum review would highlight the importance of measuring health outcomes and community impacts, and so enhance the educational mission of the medical school.
Skydiving: The audiological perspective
Authors: Pillay Dhanashree , Dada Shaaista 
Published: May 2018

Background: Skydiving is a popular recreational sport for the young and old. There is minimal research pertaining to skydiving and its relation to the audiological system. The risks of skydiving in relation to the auditory system should be explored further. Aims: The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between skydiving and audiology in South Africa. The sub-aims of the study focused on determining if skydivers were provided with safety precautions before they commenced with the dive, determining the middle ear pressure before and after the skydive and identifying the audiological symptoms that were present post-dive. This study also aimed at scrutinising the South African sports and recreation policy. Method: A mixed-method descriptive research design was utilised. Qualitative information pertaining to audiology was identified and recorded from the scrutiny of South Africa (SA) policy and the dropzone consent forms at two skydiving schools. Thirty-one skydivers were purposefully recruited to undergo a pre- and post-dive tympanometric assessment. Results: There is no information within the clearance forms that pertain to the audiological risks related to skydiving. There was a lack of information related to the risks of skydiving in the clearance forms at both dive schools. A statistically significant pressure change was noted in regular skydivers, regardless of the ability to equalise effectively during the skydive. Conclusion: This study identified the gaps in policy and clearance forms, highlighting the need for the inclusion of safety measures and risks in the documentation and legislation that governs the sport. Audiologists, sportspeople and medical advisors should be cognisant of the negative consequences that may be evident within the auditory system of skydivers.
Presence, patterns & predictors of hypocortisolism in patients with HIV infection in India
Authors: Sharma Neera , Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Anand Atul , Gadpayle Adesh Kisanji , Gaurav Kumar , Mukherjee Sabyasachi , Kulshreshtha Bindu , Dutta Deep 
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is rarely diagnosed in patients with HIV infection, in spite of autopsy studies showing very high rates of adrenal involvement. This study was aimed to determine the presence, patterns and predictors of AI in patients with HIV infection.

Methods:
Consecutive HIV patients, 18-70 yr age, without any severe co-morbid state, having at least one-year follow up at the antiretroviral therapy clinic, underwent clinical assessment and hormone assays.

Results:
From initially screened 527 patients, 359 patients having good immune function were analyzed. Basal morning cortisol <6 μg/dl (<165 nmol/l; Group 1), 6-11 μg/dl (165-300 nmol/l; Group 2), 11-18 μg/dl (300-500 nmol/l; Group 3) and ≥18 μg/dl (500 nmol/l; Group 4) were observed in 13, 71, 199 and 76 patients, respectively. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test revealed 87 patients (24.23%) to have AI. AI in groups 1-4 was 100, 56.34, 17.09 and 0 per cent, respectively. AI patients were more likely to be females (P< 0.05), having longer disease duration (P< 0.05), immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, hyperkalaemia (P< 0.01), lower fasting glucose (P< 0.01), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and vitamin D. Regression analysis revealed morning cortisol and DHEAS to be best predictors of AI (P=0.004 and 0.028, respectively).

Interpretation & conclusions:
AI is a significant problem in HIV-infected individuals, observed in nearly a quarter of patients. Diagnosis warrants high index of suspicion and low threshold for screening, especially in those having low DHEAS and hyperkalaemia. Morning cortisol is a reasonable screening test, with ACTH stimulation warranted to confirm diagnosis, especially in patients with morning cortisol <11 μg/dl (300 nmol/l).
El discurso reproducido como indicador del pluralismo interno de los medios de comunicación: el caso de los telediarios de TVE y TV3
Authors: García Asensio María Ángeles , Aguilar Paredes Carlos , Jiménez Iglesias Lucía , Ruiz Moreno Cristina , Sánchez Gómez Lydia 
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la incidencia del discurso reproducido en el tratamiento de la información política de los telediarios para estudiar su relevancia como indicador del grado de pluralismo interno. Metodología: Se realiza un análisis lingüístico y discursivo de las noticias políticas emitidas por dos televisiones públicas (TVE1 y TV3) en periodo preelectoral, y se compara el acceso a la narración periodística de voces representativas de la actividad política. A través de una metodología cuantitativa-cualitativa, secuencial y anidada se analiza el uso del discurso reproducido para representar las voces de los actores políticos. Resultados: Los resultados muestran desviaciones en la construcción de la imagen de los actores políticos y en la reproducción de sus discursos públicos. Discusión y Conclusiones: Se hace necesario incorporar el discurso reproducido como indicador de la calidad democrática del medio.
Cloud droplet size distribution broadening during diffusional growth: ripening amplified by deactivation and reactivation
Authors: Yang Fan , Kollias Pavlos , Shaw Raymond A. , Vogelmann Andrew M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Cloud droplet size distributions (CDSDs), which are related to cloud albedo
and rain formation, are usually broader in warm clouds than predicted from
adiabatic parcel calculations. We investigate a mechanism for the CDSD
broadening using a moving-size-grid cloud parcel model that considers the
condensational growth of cloud droplets formed on polydisperse,
submicrometer aerosols in an adiabatic cloud parcel that undergoes vertical
oscillations, such as those due to cloud circulations or turbulence. Results
show that the CDSD can be broadened during condensational growth as a result
of Ostwald ripening amplified by droplet deactivation and reactivation, which
is consistent with early work. The relative roles of the solute effect,
curvature effect, deactivation and reactivation on CDSD broadening are
investigated. Deactivation of smaller cloud droplets, which is due to the
combination of curvature and solute effects in the downdraft region, enhances
the growth of larger cloud droplets and thus contributes particles to the
larger size end of the CDSD. Droplet reactivation, which occurs in the
updraft region, contributes particles to the smaller size end of the CDSD. In
addition, we find that growth of the largest cloud droplets strongly depends
on the residence time of cloud droplet in the cloud rather than the magnitude
of local variability in the supersaturation fluctuation. This is because the
environmental saturation ratio is strongly buffered by numerous smaller cloud
droplets. Two necessary conditions for this CDSD broadening, which generally
occur in the atmosphere, are as follows: (1) droplets form on aerosols of different
sizes, and (2) the cloud parcel experiences upwards and downwards motions.
Therefore we expect that this mechanism for CDSD broadening is possible in
real clouds. Our results also suggest it is important to consider both
curvature and solute effects before and after cloud droplet activation in a
cloud model. The importance of this mechanism compared with other mechanisms
on cloud properties should be investigated through in situ measurements and
3-D dynamic models.
A Comparison of Marital Satisfaction of Mothers Raising a Child with Intellectual Disability versus a Child with Autism Disorder in Bahrain: Mixed Method Study
Authors: Al-Shirawi Mariam E. 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the current mixed method study was to explore marital satisfaction of mothers raising children with Intellectual disability (I.D), or Autism disorder Children (A.D).The participants were thirty seven mothers, 21 of them had a child with autism disorder and 16 had a child with Intellectual disability. Twenty two of the mothers participated in the semi-structured interviews using the marital satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) which is a self-report questionnaire prepared to assess marital satisfaction. The results reported 70% of the mothers had high level marital satisfaction. Results showed no significant difference in the level of marital satisfaction between mothers of children with (I.D) and mothers of children with (A.D). The regression analyses indicated that social support, significantly predicted mothers' marital satisfaction, while other variables (income, child birth order, gender of a child, age of a child, age of mother, age of husband, social support, marital years) were not found to be influential in predicting marital satisfaction. Qualita­tive thematic analysis showed that most of the mothers have a high level of marital satisfaction and received support from their husbands, their families and their mothers’ in-law, as well as support from professional specialists like pediatricians, psychologists, special education teachers and some friends.
Lingering: Pleasure, Desire, and Life in Kant's Critique of Judgment
Authors: Lehman Robert 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
This article examines a notion of desire that, I claim, is implicit in Immanuel Kant's theorization of aesthetic judgment in the Critique of Judgment (1790). After first using Joyce's 1916 novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man to bring the issue into focus, I turn in the second section of the article to Kant's third Critique, emphasizing Kant's relationship to the traditional notion of desire. In the third section, I focus on Kant's alternative—his aesthetic—conception of desire and on the role played by “life” in this conception. In the final section of the essay, I look briefly at the relevance of the aesthetic conception of desire to our contemporary understanding of the relationship between desire and pleasure.
“Diversity” as “Poise”: Toward a Renewed “Ethics of Diversity”
Authors: Banerjee Amrita 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
With an increasing number of institutions of higher education committing to it, “diversity” figures heavily in contemporary academic contexts. This essay is a philosophical interrogation of diversity as an analytical-normative category. I argue that the concept has at least two distinctive layers. The first and widely prevalent layer captures its definition in terms of “composition.” This essay focuses on a second layer, which conceptualizes diversity as “poise.” I define “poise” as the ability to convert “visible” difference into “presence.” I find certain insights from the thought of Josiah Royce very helpful in beginning to develop the vocabulary of presence, which then goes on to form the basis of the concept of poise as I articulate it. Developing poise calls for a certain kind of “institutional agency,” and I find aspects of a Roycean understanding of the relation between individual and community insightful in this regard. I argue that diversity as a matter of poise calls for a distinct “ethics of diversity,” which involves, among other things, the building of “diversity competence.” While aspects of my analysis are inspired by the philosophy of Josiah Royce, my philosophical approach to diversity also moves beyond a Roycean paradigm.
Toward a Peircean Approach to Perlocution
Authors: Gaspard Jeoffrey 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article I propose to interpret Austin's conception of perlocution in light of Peirce's philosophy of signs, through the lens of his notions of thirdness and speculative rhetoric in particular. I suggest that the traditional notion of speech genre, examined within the context of Peirce's semiotic framework, can make sense of the regularities and predictability that are characteristic of a large part of our discursive practices. More specifically, I argue that crystallized “habits of interpretation,” correlated to purposeful speech genres instantiated in given circumstances of enunciation, could be construed as predetermining the range of future interpretive conduct. In that perspective, this process of determination could be thus conceived as relatively predictable, at least for communication situations activating well-defined speech genres. In the end, I suggest that Peirce's conception of rhetoric draws attention to the necessarily constrained interpretive habits of our discursive life, yielding an original perspective on the notion of perlocution.
Recuperating the Real: New Materialism, Object-Oriented Ontology, and Neo-Lacanian Ontical Cartography
Authors: Cates Caleb , Bruner M. Lane , Moss Joseph T. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
To address challenges to the primacy of the subject in speculative realism, we put Levi R. Bryant's object-oriented ontology in conversation with Jacques Lacan's register theory. In so doing, we recuperate an autonomous materiality for itself, providing a reading of the debate between Slavoj Žižek and Ernesto Laclau over the Lacanian Real and simultaneously providing a rich map of the being of subjectivity and modes of the rhetorical. We systematize Žižek's claim that each element of the register resonates with the others to produce an ontical cartography: a map of the different intersections of the materially autonomous Real with the Symbolic and Imaginary elements of the Lacanian subject. By delimiting the characteristics of these intersections, we can better understand the different valences in which rhetoric operates without foreclosing the agency of objects and the objectivity of subjects.
Violência simbólica e ideologia: diálogos entre Bourdieu e Fairclough
Authors: Souza Marta Gresechen Paiter Luzia de 
Published: May 2018

Esta pesquisa bibliográfica articula os conceitos de violência simbólica (BOURDIEU, 1986; 1989; 1991; 2009) e ideologia (FAIRCLOUGH, 1989; 1999a; 1999b; 2003) com a finalidade de (1) traçar aspectos de contiguidade e/ou distância entre ambas noções teóricas; (2) analisar a importância/predominância desses conceitos para a área de Estudos da(e) Lingua(gem); e (3) avaliar (res)significações das noções apresentadas no contexto de produção teórica brasileira. Para alcançar tais objetivos, realizei uma busca no Banco de Teses (CAPES), e, após determinados critérios de seleção, desenvolvi uma análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011) com foco nas categorias temáticas, ou seja, nas noções conceituais de violência simbólica e ideologia. Os resultados da análise demostram que os mencionados conceitos tem contribuído para (a) repensar práticas de dominação em contextos de seleção para curso de pós-graduação; (b) refletir acerca de traços ideológicos que interpelam a constituição identitária de educadores/as; e (c) questionar a atuação social de instituições (como a mídia) na (re)produção de dominação no processo de construção identitária (sociossexual) da mulher brasileira.