bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of stringent response in proteinuria on long-term renal outcomes in proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Won J , Lee J S , Oh J S , Kim Y-G , Lee C-K , Yoo B , Hong S 
Published: October 2019

Objectives Favourable long-term prognosis in proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) is associated with the achievement of complete renal response (CR), which is defined as a urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) of < 0.5. However, it is unclear whether a more stringent cut-off for proteinuria (normal value of proteinuria; UPCR < 0.15) is better than CR. We aimed to evaluate the effect of stringent CR, defined as a UPCR of <0.15, on long-term renal outcomes in proliferative LN. Methods We included 87 patients with class III or IV LN who achieved CR at one year after induction therapy. Clinical and laboratory data were compared between the stringent and non-stringent CR groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with achievement of stringent CR. Cox analysis was performed to analyse the risk factors for renal flare and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results The stringent and non-stringent CR groups included 58 and 29 patients, respectively. The two groups showed no significant baseline differences in terms of the clinical, laboratory and pathological classification. The sustained CR rates during five years were 91.3% and 50.0% ( p = 0.014) in the stringent and non-stringent CR groups, respectively. In Cox analyses, the achievement of stringent CR was associated with a lower risk of five-year renal flare rate (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.161, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.063–0.411, p < 0.01) and development of CKD (HR = 0.189, 95% CI 0.047–0.752, p = 0.018). Mycophenolate mofetil induction therapy was associated with achievement of stringent CR at a borderline level of significance (HR = 7.268, 95% CI 0.894–59.089, p = 0.064). Conclusion Achievement of stringent CR predicted lower risk of renal flare and development of CKD in proliferative LN. These findings suggest that stringent CR is a valuable treatment target in proliferative LN.
Pauli Murray: The US firebrand’s unique opportunity to influence a continent
Authors: Dabscheck Braham 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis review article discusses Rosalind Rosenberg’s study of Pauli Murray’s pivotal role in enhancing the civil rights of African Americans and American women. Pauli Murray should be properly regarded as one of the leading legal thinkers of Twentieth-Century America. She played a role in the development of the jurisprudential thinking, which brought about an end to race discrimination as enshrined in the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine in the Supreme Court’s 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson and ending sex discrimination beginning with the Supreme Court’s 1971 decision in Reed v. Reed. The objective of this review article is to provide an account of her approach to attacking both legally based race and sex discrimination. Drawing on Rosenberg and referencing key legal texts, it begins with a brief account of Murray’s life and times. This is followed by an examination of her thinking on both race and sex discrimination. The review concludes by commending Rosenberg for her analysis of the intersections between the private and public personas of Pauli Murray in a century which witnessed fundamental changes in America.
Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on the size of cephalic veins in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kumar A/L S Katheraveloo Krishna , Suryani Safri Lenny , Guo Hou Loo , Hafiz Maliki Aminnur , Md Idris Mohamad Azim , Harunarashid Hanafiah 
Published: October 2019

Background: Proper vascular access is essential for the long-term survival of chronic haemodialysis patients. The preferred vascular access in terms of long-term function is the native arteriovenous fistula. The success of native arteriovenous fistula depends mainly on a sufficient vein diameter. Thus, any intervention that could increase vein diameter before arteriovenous fistula creation could improve its patency. We conduct a study to investigate the effect of local physical training, namely handgrip exercise, on the distal forearm cephalic vein diameter in patients with chronic renal disease. Material and methods: A total of 34 chronic renal disease patients (stage 3 and 4) were recruited in a randomized controlled trial. Handgrip exercise was performed for 8 weeks in the intervention group. Handgrip-strength measurement and distal forearm cephalic vein diameter of a non-dominant hand with and without tourniquet was recorded (measurement is taken 1 cm proximal to the radial styloid). Results: After 8 weeks, the mean cephalic vein diameter in the intervention group increased from 1.77 and 1.97 mm to 2.15 and 2.43 mm, without and with a tourniquet, respectively ( p < 0.05). There is also a significant change in the mean diameter of distal forearm cephalic vein ( p < 0.05) in the intervention group when measured in both the absence (mean change 0.39 ± 0.06 mm vs 0.01 ± 0.02 mm) and the presence of tourniquet (mean change 0.47 ± 0.07 mm vs 0.01 ± 0.01 mm). Conclusion: These findings suggest that non-invasive handgrip exercise can increase in the diameter of the distal forearm cephalic vein, thereby increasing the rate of successful arteriovenous fistula creation.
The effect of auricular therapy on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao JiaLiang , Chen Guang , He HaoQiang , Liu Chao , He QingYong , Li Jun , Wang Jie 
Published: October 2019

Background: Although a number of clinical studies have investigated the effectiveness and safety of auricular therapy for treating hypertension, the overall evidence remains uncertain. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the evidence for the effect of auricular therapy on blood pressure using meta-analysis methodology. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, Clinicalkey, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Scientific Journal Database and Wanfang Database and Chinese Biomedicine for trials that compared the effects of auricular therapy to that of sham auricular therapy, antihypertensive drugs, or no intervention on blood pressure. Blood pressure values before and after treatment, magnitude of blood pressure change between baseline and post-intervention, and the efficacy rate, as outcomes, were synthesized by RevMan 5.3. Continuous outcomes were expressed as weighted mean differences, and dichotomous data were expressed as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We systematically reviewed 44 randomized controlled trials (involving 5022 patients through June 2018). Auricular acupressure plus antihypertensive drugs might be more effective than antihypertensive drugs alone in both reducing systolic blood pressure value after treatment ( n=464 patients; mean difference, −5.06 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, –6.76– −3.36, p<0.00001; I2=32%), decreasing diastolic blood pressure after treatment ( n=464 patients; mean difference, −5.30 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, –6.27– −4.33, p<0.00001; I2=0%) and the efficacy rate (relative risk, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.26; p<0.00001; I2=0%). Conclusion: Auricular therapy could be provided to patients with hypertension as an adjunct to antihypertensive drugs for lowering blood pressure value and achieving blood pressure targets.
Occurrence and characteristics of faecal immunochemical screen‐detected cancers vs non–screen‐detected cancers: Results from a Flemish colorectal cancer screening programme
Authors: van de Veerdonk Wessel , Hoeck Sarah , Peeters Marc , Van Hal Guido , Francart Julie , De Brabander Isabel 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) and its precursor lesions are detected at an early stage by CRC screening programmes, which reduce CRC‐related mortality. An important quality indicator for CRC screening is the occurrence of interval CRC (IC) between screening rounds. Currently there is no guideline regarding acceptable levels of ICs in CRC screening programmes, and ICs reported in prior work vary considerably.MethodsThis study describes the occurrence of screen‐detected (SD) CRC and non–screen‐detected CRC within the population‐based CRC screening programme of Flanders, stratified by multiple variables such as sex, age, tumour location and tumour stage between October 2013 and July 2017. In addition, faecal immunochemical test (FIT) IC proportions over the sum of SD‐CRCs and FIT‐ICs are calculated, together with FIT sensitivity and programme sensitivity to display the effectiveness of detecting CRC by the screening programme.ResultsOf 1,212,354 FIT participants, 4094 were diagnosed with SD‐CRC, whereas 772 participants were diagnosed with CRC between FIT‐screening rounds. Significant associations were shown between people not being SD for CRC and women, older individuals, right‐sided tumour location and more advanced tumour stage. Furthermore, a clear distinction was shown between the right‐sided and the left‐sided colorectum concerning all above‐mentioned variables and distributions of tumour stages.ConclusionThe Flemish FIT‐interval CRC proportion of 15.9% was within the limits of previously published results. In addition, calculations show that the effectiveness of the screening programme is dependent on tumour location, suggesting that future research should report results stratified by location.
Knee Loading After ACL-R Is Related to Quadriceps Strength and Knee Extension Differences Across the Continuum of Care
Authors: Garrison J. Craig , Hannon Joseph , Goto Shiho , Kosmopoulos Victor , Aryal Subhash , Bush Curtis , Bothwell James M. , Singleton Steven B. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Quadriceps strength and knee extension are believed to be important in the ability to effectively load the knee after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACL-R). Purpose: To compare quadriceps strength (QUADS), side-to-side knee extension difference (ExtDiff), and knee energy absorption contribution (EAC) in patients preoperatively, 12 weeks postoperatively, and at return to sport (RTS). A secondary aim was to determine how the factors of QUADS and ExtDiff contributed to the ability to load the knee (knee EAC) at each of the 3 time points. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Overall, 41 individuals (mean ± SD age, 15.95 ± 1.63 years) were enrolled in this study. QUADS, ExtDiff, and knee EAC during a double-limb squat were collected preoperatively, 12 weeks postoperatively, and at RTS. Isokinetic QUADS was collected at 60 deg/s, normalized to body mass, and averaged across 5 trials. Knee extension was measured with a goniometer, and ExtDiff was calculated for analyses. Knee EAC was measured during double-limb squat descent and was calculated as a percentage of total energy absorption for the limb. Observations were obtained from both the surgical and nonsurgical limbs at the 3 time points. A mixed regression model with random intercept to compare change over the 3 time points was used, and a model selection was conducted with Akaike information criteria. Significance was set at P < .05. Results: Surgical limb QUADS was significantly lower preoperatively (mean ± SD, 1.37 ± 0.49 N·m/kg; P = .0023) and at 12 weeks (1.11 ± 0.38 N·m/kg; P < .0001) than at RTS (1.58 ± 0.47 N·m/kg). Nonsurgical limb QUADS was also significantly lower preoperatively (2.01 ± 0.54 N·m/kg; P < .0256) and at 12 weeks (2.03 ± 0.48 N·m/kg; P < .0233) than at RTS (2.18 ± 0.54 N·m/kg). Knee EAC for the surgical limb was significantly lower at 12 weeks than at RTS (40.98% ± 13.73% vs 47.50% ± 12.04%; P < .0032), and ExtDiff was significantly greater preoperatively than at RTS (–2.68° ± 3.19° vs –0.63° ± 1.43°; P < .0001). Preoperatively, QUADS for both the surgical ( P < .0003) and nonsurgical ( P = .0023) limbs was a significant predictor of surgical limb knee EAC, explaining 33.99% of the variance. At 12 weeks, surgical limb QUADS was a significant predictor ( P < .0051) of surgical limb knee EAC, explaining 18.83% of the variance. At RTS, ExtDiff was a significant predictor ( P = .0201) of surgical limb knee EAC, explaining 12.92% of the variance. Conclusion: The ability to load the knee after ACL injury changes across the continuum of care and is related to QUADS and ExtDiff. These results provide clinicians with insight into potential contributing factors that may limit knee loading during the rehabilitation process.
A homology-guided, genome-based proteome for improved proteomics in the alloploid Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Kourelis Jiorgos , Kaschani Farnusch , Grosse-Holz Friederike M. , Homma Felix , Kaiser Markus , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Nicotiana benthamiana is an important model organism of the Solanaceae (Nightshade) family. Several draft assemblies of the N. benthamiana genome have been generated, but many of the gene-models in these draft assemblies appear incorrect.

Results
Here we present an improved proteome based on the Niben1.0.1 draft genome assembly guided by gene models from other Nicotiana species. Due to the fragmented nature of the Niben1.0.1 draft genome, many protein-encoding genes are missing or partial. We complement these missing proteins by similarly annotating other draft genome assemblies. This approach overcomes problems caused by mis-annotated exon-intron boundaries and mis-assigned short read transcripts to homeologs in polyploid genomes. With an estimated 98.1% completeness; only 53,411 protein-encoding genes; and improved protein lengths and functional annotations, this new predicted proteome is better in assigning spectra than the preceding proteome annotations. This dataset is more sensitive and accurate in proteomics applications, clarifying the detection by activity-based proteomics of proteins that were previously predicted to be inactive. Phylogenetic analysis of the subtilase family of hydrolases reveal inactivation of likely homeologs, associated with a contraction of the functional genome in this alloploid plant species. Finally, we use this new proteome annotation to characterize the extracellular proteome as compared to a total leaf proteome, which highlights the enrichment of hydrolases in the apoplast.

Conclusions
This proteome annotation provides the community working with Nicotiana benthamiana with an important new resource for functional proteomics.
Towards a patient journey perspective on causes of unplanned readmissions using a classification framework: results of a systematic review with narrative synthesis
Authors: Singotani R. G. , Karapinar F. , Brouwers C. , Wagner C. , de Bruijne M. C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral literature reviews have been published focusing on the prevalence and/or preventability of hospital readmissions. To our knowledge, none focused on the different causes which have been used to evaluate the preventability of readmissions. Insight into the range of causes is crucial to understand the complex nature of readmissions.With this review we aim to: 1) evaluate the range of causes of unplanned readmissions in a patient journey, and 2) present a cause classification framework that can support future readmission studies.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PUBMED and EMBASE using “readmission” and “avoidability” or “preventability” as key terms. Studies that specified causes of unplanned readmissions were included. The causes were classified into eight preliminary root causes: Technical, Organization (integrated care), Organization (hospital department level), Human (care provider), Human (informal caregiver), Patient (self-management), Patient (disease), and Other. The root causes were based on expert opinions and the root cause analysis tool of PRISMA (Prevention and Recovery Information System for Monitoring and Analysis). The range of different causes were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.ResultsForty-five studies that reported 381 causes of readmissions were included. All studies reported causes related to organization of care at the hospital department level. These causes were often reported as preventable. Twenty-two studies included causes related to patient’s self-management and 19 studies reported causes related to patient’s disease. Studies differed in which causes were seen as preventable or unpreventable. None reported causes related to technical failures and causes due to integrated care issues were reported in 18 studies.ConclusionsThis review showed that causes for readmissions were mainly evaluated from a hospital perspective. However, causes beyond the scope of the hospital can also play a major role in unplanned readmissions. Opinions regarding preventability seem to depend on contextual factors of the readmission. This study presents a cause classification framework that could help future readmission studies to gain insight into a broad range of causes for readmissions in a patient journey.In conclusion, we aimed to: 1) evaluate the range of causes for unplanned readmissions, and 2) present a cause classification framework for causes related to readmissions.
Opportunities and challenges for the inclusion of patient preferences in the medical product life cycle: a systematic review
Authors: Janssens Rosanne , Huys Isabelle , van Overbeeke Eline , Whichello Chiara , Harding Sarah , Kübler Jürgen , Juhaeri Juhaeri , Ciaglia Antonio , Simoens Steven , Stevens Hilde , Smith Meredith , Levitan Bennett , Cleemput Irina , de Bekker-Grob Esther , Veldwijk Jorien 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The inclusion of patient preferences (PP) in the medical product life cycle is a topic of growing interest to stakeholders such as academics, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) bodies, reimbursement agencies, industry, patients, physicians and regulators. This review aimed to understand the potential roles, reasons for using PP and the expectations, concerns and requirements associated with PP in industry processes, regulatory benefit-risk assessment (BRA) and marketing authorization (MA), and HTA and reimbursement decision-making.

Methods
A systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2011 and March 2018 was performed. Consulted databases were EconLit, Embase, Guidelines International Network, PsycINFO and PubMed. A two-step strategy was used to select literature. Literature was analyzed using NVivo (QSR international).

Results
From 1015 initially identified documents, 72 were included. Most were written from an academic perspective (61%) and focused on PP in BRA/MA and/or HTA/reimbursement (73%). Using PP to improve understanding of patients’ valuations of treatment outcomes, patients’ benefit-risk trade-offs and preference heterogeneity were roles identified in all three decision-making contexts. Reasons for using PP relate to the unique insights and position of patients and the positive effect of including PP on the quality of the decision-making process. Concerns shared across decision-making contexts included methodological questions concerning the validity, reliability and cognitive burden of preference methods. In order to use PP, general, operational and quality requirements were identified, including recognition of the importance of PP and ensuring patient understanding in PP studies.

Conclusions
Despite the array of opportunities and added value of using PP throughout the different steps of the MPLC identified in this review, their inclusion in decision-making is hampered by methodological challenges and lack of specific guidance on how to tackle these challenges when undertaking PP studies. To support the development of such guidance, more best practice PP studies and PP studies investigating the methodological issues identified in this review are critically needed.
Lessons learned from the DAPA-HF trial concerning the mechanisms of benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure events in the context of other large-scale trials nearing completion
Authors: Packer Milton 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four large-scale trials in type 2 diabetes have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors prevent the occurrence of serious heart failure events. Additionally, the DAPA-HF trial demonstrated a benefit of dapagliflozin to reduce major adverse outcomes in patients with established heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. The trial sheds light on potential mechanisms. In DAPA-HF, the benefits of dapagliflozin on heart failure were seen to a similar extent in both patients with or without diabetes, thus undermining the hypothesis that these drugs mitigate glycemia-related cardiotoxicity. The action of SGLT2 inhibitors to promote ketogenesis is also primarily a feature of the action of these drugs in patients with diabetes, raising doubts that enhanced ketogenesis contributes to the benefit on heart failure. Also, dapagliflozin does not have a meaningful effect to decrease circulating natriuretic peptides, and it did not potentiate the actions of diuretics in DAPA-HF; moreover, intensification of diuretics therapy does not reduce cardiovascular death, questioning a benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors that is mediated by an action on renal sodium excretion. Finally, although hematocrit increases with SGLT2 inhibitors might favorably affect patients with coronary artery disease, in DAPA-HF, the benefit of dapagliflozin was similar in patients with or without an ischemic cardiomyopathy; furthermore, increases in hematocrit do not favorably affect the clinical course of patients with heart failure. Therefore, the results of DAPA-HF do not support many currently-held hypotheses about the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure. Ongoing trials are likely to provide further insights.
KDM3B suppresses APL progression by restricting chromatin accessibility and facilitating the ATRA-mediated degradation of PML/RARα
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Fan Huiyong , Xu Congling , Jiang Guojuan , Wang Haiwei , Zhang Ji 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
A hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the expression of PML/RARα fusion protein. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) results in the terminal differentiation of neutrophil granulocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we identify and elucidate a novel differentiation-suppressive model of APL involving the histone demethylase KDM3B, which has been identified as a suppressor of the tumor genes involved in hematopoietic malignancies.

Methods
First, we established a KDM3B knockdown NB4 cell model to determine the functional characteristics of KDM3B by cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry. Then, we performed ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq to search for potential relationships among KDM3B, histone modification (H3K9me1/me2) and the chromatin state. Finally, molecular biological techniques and a multi-omics analysis were used to explore the role of KDM3B in differentiation of the leukemia cells after ATRA treatment.

Results
We found that knocking down KDM3B contributed to the growth of NB4 APL cells via the promotion of cell-cycle progression and blocked granulocytic differentiation. Through global and molecular approaches, we provided futher evidence that knocking down KDM3B altered the global distribution of H3K9me1/me2 and increased the chromatin accessibility. Moreover, knocking down KDM3B inhibited the ATRA-induced degradation of the PML/RARα oncoprotein.

Conclusion
Our study suggested that KDM3B was able to inhibit APL progression by maintaining chromatin in a compact state and facilitating the ATRA-mediated degradation of PML/RARα. Taken together, the results show that KDM3B may be an alternative target for the treatment regimens and the targeted therapy for APL by sustaining the function of PML/RARα fusion protein.