bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe2+ Partitioning in Al‐Free Pyrolite: Consequences for Seismic Velocities and Heterogeneities
Authors: Zhuang Jingyi , Wentzcovitch Renata 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIron partitioning among the main lower mantle phases, bridgmanite (Bm) and ferropericlase (Fp), has non‐monotonic behavior owing to the high‐spin to low‐spin crossover in ferrous iron (Fe2+) in Fp. Previously reported iron partitioning coefficient between these phases, , still have considerable uncertainty. Here, we investigate the Fe2+ partitioning behavior using ab initio free energy results. Although we focus on Fe2+ only, we describe the effect of this iron spin crossover (ISC) on and of the latter on compositions and seismic velocities in a pyrolitic aggregate. Our results suggest that its velocities are mainly affected by the ISC and less so by the Fe2+ partitioning. In contrast, iron partitioning manifests in thermally induced velocity heterogeneity ratios. Prediction of the seismological parameter including iron partitioning effects resembles quantitatively ’s inferred from several tomographic studies down to 2,400 km depth.
Local Time and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Field‐Aligned Currents and Polar Electrojet During May 2024 Superstorm Periods
Authors: Wang Hui , Cheng Qihang , Lühr Hermann , Zhong Yunfang , Zhang Kedeng , Xia Hao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines field‐aligned currents (FACs) and polar electrojet (PEJ) characteristics during the extreme May 2024 geomagnetic storms across dawn, dusk, daytime, and nighttime in both hemispheres. FACs and PEJ intensities were up to 9 times greater than usual, with equatorward FACs reaching −44° Magnetic Latitude. Maximum FACs and PEJ are larger at dawn than dusk in the Northern Hemisphere but larger at dusk than at dawn in the Southern Hemisphere. Dawn and duskside FACs correlate best with Dst or solar wind dynamic pressure (Pd) in both hemispheres. On the dayside (nightside), most FACs in both hemispheres are primarily correlated with Pd (merging electric field, Em or Pd). The PEJs correlate largely with Dst and partly with Em and Pd. Duskside (nighttime) currents are located at lower latitudes than dawnside (daytime), and northern currents are positioned more poleward than southern currents. The latitudes of peak FACs are most strongly correlated with Dst or Pd in both hemispheres. However, in the northern daytime sector, they are primarily influenced by Em. The latitudes of peak PEJ show the strongest correlation with Dst or Pd in both hemispheres, except on the northern dawnside, where they are primarily influenced by Em. The qualitative relationships between peak current density, corresponding latitude, solar wind parameters, and the Dst index are derived.
Mapping membrane biophysical nano-environments
Authors: Panconi Luca , Euchner Jonas , Tashev Stanimir A. , Makarova Maria , Herten Dirk-Peter , Owen Dylan M. , Nieves Daniel J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe mammalian plasma membrane is known to contain domains with varying lipid composition and biophysical properties. However, studying these membrane lipid domains presents challenges due to their predicted morphological similarity to the bulk membrane and their scale being below the classical resolution limit of optical microscopy. To address this, we combine the solvatochromic probe di-4-ANEPPDHQ, which reports on its biophysical environment through changes in its fluorescence emission, with spectrally resolved single-molecule localisation microscopy. The resulting data comprises nanometre-precision localisation coordinates and a generalised polarisation value related to the probe’s environment – a marked point pattern. We introduce quantification algorithms based on topological data analysis (PLASMA) to detect and map nano-domains in this marked data, demonstrating their effectiveness in both artificial membranes and live cells. By leveraging environmentally sensitive fluorophores, multi-modal single molecule localisation microscopy, and advanced analysis methods, we achieve nanometre scale mapping of membrane properties and assess changes in response to external perturbation with methyl-β-cyclodextrin. This integrated methodology represents an integrated toolset for investigating marked point pattern data at nanometre spatial scales.
Small molecule modulation of protein corona for deep plasma proteome profiling
Authors: Ashkarran Ali Akbar , Gharibi Hassan , Sadeghi Seyed Amirhossein , Modaresi Seyed Majed , Wang Qianyi , Lin Teng-Jui , Yerima Ghafar , Tamadon Ali , Sayadi Maryam , Jafari Maryam , Lin Zijin , Ritz Danilo , Kakhniashvili David , Guha Avirup , Mofrad Mohammad R. K. , Sun Liangliang , Landry Markita P. , Saei Amir Ata , Mahmoudi Morteza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe protein corona formed on nanoparticles (NPs) has potential as a valuable diagnostic tool for improving plasma proteome coverage. Here, we show that spiking small molecules, including metabolites, lipids, vitamins, and nutrients into plasma can induce diverse protein corona patterns on otherwise identical NPs, significantly enhancing the depth of plasma proteome profiling. The protein coronas on polystyrene NPs when exposed to plasma treated with an array of small molecules allows for the detection of 1793 proteins marking an 8.25-fold increase in the number of quantified proteins compared to plasma alone (218 proteins) and a 2.63-fold increase relative to the untreated protein corona (681 proteins). Furthermore, we discovered that adding 1000 µg/ml phosphatidylcholine could singularly enable the detection of 897 proteins. At this specific concentration, phosphatidylcholine selectively depletes the four most abundant plasma proteins, including albumin, thus reducing the dynamic range of plasma proteome and enabling the detection of proteins with lower abundance. Employing an optimized data-independent acquisition approach, the inclusion of phosphatidylcholine leads to the detection of 1436 proteins in a single plasma sample. Our molecular dynamics results reveal that phosphatidylcholine interacts with albumin via hydrophobic interactions, H-bonds, and water bridges. The addition of phosphatidylcholine also enables the detection of 337 additional proteoforms compared to untreated protein corona using a top-down proteomics approach. Given the critical role of plasma proteomics in biomarker discovery and disease monitoring, we anticipate the widespread adoption of this methodology for the identification and clinical translation of biomarkers.
Cryo-EM structure of a lysozyme-derived amyloid fibril from hereditary amyloidosis
Authors: Karimi-Farsijani Sara , Sharma Kartikay , Ugrina Marijana , Kuhn Lukas , Pfeiffer Peter Benedikt , Haupt Christian , Wiese Sebastian , Hegenbart Ute , Schönland Stefan O. , Schwierz Nadine , Schmidt Matthias , Fändrich Marcus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSystemic ALys amyloidosis is a debilitating protein misfolding disease that arises from the formation of amyloid fibrils from C-type lysozyme. We here present a 2.8 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of an amyloid fibril, which was isolated from the abdominal fat tissue of a patient who expressed the D87G variant of human lysozyme. We find that the fibril possesses a stable core that is formed by all 130 residues of the fibril precursor protein. There are four disulfide bonds in each fibril protein that connect the same residues as in the globularly folded protein. As the conformation of lysozyme in the fibril is otherwise fundamentally different from native lysozyme, our data provide a structural rationale for the need of protein unfolding in the development of systemic ALys amyloidosis.
Finding the optimal probe state for multiparameter quantum metrology using conic programming
Authors: Hayashi Masahito , Ouyang Yingkai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ultimate precision in quantum sensing could be achieved using optimal quantum probe states. However, current quantum sensing protocols do not use probe states optimally. Indeed, the calculation of optimal probe states remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we present an algorithm that efficiently calculates a probe state for correlated and uncorrelated measurement strategies. The algorithm involves a conic program, which minimizes a linear objective function subject to conic constraints on a operator-valued variable. Our algorithm outputs a probe state that is a simple function of the optimal variable. We prove that our algorithm finds the optimal probe state for channel estimation problems, even in the multiparameter setting. For many noiseless quantum sensing problems, we prove the optimality of maximally entangled probe states. We also analyze the performance of 3D-field sensing using various probe states. Our work opens the door for a plethora of applications in quantum metrology.
EPA and DHA inhibit LDL-induced upregulation of human adipose tissue NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway and its association with diabetes risk factors
Authors: Lamantia Valérie , Bissonnette Simon , Beaudry Myriam , Cyr Yannick , Rosiers Christine Des , Baass Alexis , Faraj May 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElevated numbers of atherogenic lipoproteins (apoB) predict the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We reported that this may be mediated via the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, as low-density lipoproteins (LDL) induce interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) secretion from human white adipose tissue (WAT) and macrophages. However, mitigating nutritional approaches remained unknown. We tested whether omega-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA) treat LDL-induced upregulation of WAT IL-1β-secretion and its relation to T2D risk factors. Twelve-week intervention with EPA and DHA (2.7 g/day, Webber Naturals) abolished baseline group-differences in WAT IL-1β-secretion between subjects with high-apoB (N = 17) and low-apoB (N = 16) separated around median plasma apoB. Post-intervention LDL failed to trigger IL-1β-secretion and inhibited it in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated WAT. Omega-3 supplementation also improved β-cell function and postprandial fat metabolism in association with higher blood EPA and mostly DHA. It also blunted the association of WAT NLRP3 and IL1B expression and IL-1β-secretion with multiple cardiometabolic risk factors including adiposity. Ex vivo, EPA and DHA inhibited WAT IL-1β-secretion in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, EPA and DHA treat LDL-induced upregulation of WAT NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway and related T2D risk factors. This may aid in the prevention of T2D and related morbidities in subjects with high-apoB.Clinical Trail Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04496154): Omega-3 to Reduce Diabetes Risk in Subjects with High Number of Particles That Carry “Bad Cholesterol” in the Blood – Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov.
Using sensory and instrumental analysis to assess the impact of grape smoke exposure on different red wine varietals in California
Authors: Lim Lik Xian , Medina-Plaza Cristina , Arías-Perez Ignacio , Wen Yan , Neupane Bishnu , Lerno Larry , Guinard Jean-Xavier , Oberholster Anita 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study is an investigation of the impact of volatile phenols (VPs) released from burning wood during wildfires on grape composition and the resulting wines. Baseline levels of VPs in grapes and sensory differences between smoke-impacted wines and non-smoke-impacted wines were determined. The differences were related to different levels of smoke taint marker compounds in different wine matrices, using modified descriptive analysis (DA), multivariate statistics, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS) of the free and total VPs, and individual bound glycosides, respectively. Across two DA panels, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Petite Verdot, Merlot, Syrah, Malbec, and Zinfandel wines made from grape originating from different areas in California were evaluated. The results show sensory differences between highly smoke-impacted and non-impacted wines with wines made from highly smoke-impacted grapes characterized as smoky, barbeque, medicinal, and having a retro-nasal ashtray character. Low smoke-impact wines based on free and total VP concentrations were not significantly different from the non-impacted wines when rated through descriptive analysis. The amount of smoke exposure was the largest contributor to smoke impact determined by sensory evaluation, but the different wine matrices from different locations and varietals also played an important role in determining the level of perceived smoke impact. The results of this study will contribute to our understanding of smoke impact and how it influences wine characteristics by relating smoke marker indicator compounds to wine sensory attributes.
Adaptive neural‐based asynchronous control for nonhomogeneous Markov jumping systems with dead zones
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Luxue , Xue Shuangsi , Guo Zihang , Cao Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the challenge of adaptive neural‐based asynchronous control for nonhomogeneous Markov jumping systems with input dead zones. Time‐varying transition probabilities are precisely characterized using a two‐layer nonhomogeneous Markov process. A hidden Markov model is employed to detect system modes and resolve the asynchronous issues of controllers. Based on the detected modes and a neural network strategy, an adaptive asynchronous control strategy is proposed. The Lyapunov stability theory is used to prove that the system remains probabilistically bounded under this control law. Finally, the effectiveness of the control strategy is demonstrated through a simulation example.
Ultra‐broadband OAM generator of high‐efficiency, high‐purity vortex electromagnetic waves based on an ultrathin reflective Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface for the microwave band
Authors: Zhu Yongzhong , Zou Fangxuan , Xie Wenxuan , Zuo Kaiwei , Xiong Bao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a new arc‐shaped meta‐atom like a fishbone controlled by Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase is designed for a microwave band, which can yield a high‐purity vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves ranged from 10.63 to 26.86 GHz (relative bandwidth of 86.6%) with an efficiency of more than 90%. A single‐beam metasurface with = +1, −2 and +3 modes is designed, respectively. Finally, a prototype with = −2 mode is manufactured in order to prove the feasibility of the designed metasurface. It shows that the experimental results are in good agreement with the ones of the simulation, which verified the excellent performance of the metasurface. The metasurface has a series of edges such as ultra‐broadband, high efficiency, high purity and low profile compared to the conventional metasurfaces, which have strong practical applied value and significance for wireless communication.
Doppler effects in UAV‐to‐vehicle multipath channels under 6D mobility
Authors: Bao Junwei , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Miao Yang , Zhu Qiuming , Mao Kai , Hua Boyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) empowered vehicular networks are capable of providing flexible radio access, efficient data transmission, and secure driving operation. For these promising applications, the authors focus on channel modelling for UAV‐to‐vehicle (U2V) communications in this paper, which is the very first step for communication system design. Based on geometry and multi‐dimensional mobility patterns, a geometry‐based stochastic model framework for U2V communication is studied. Considering the practical scenario, multipath components (MPCs) are composed of a line‐of‐sight (LoS) path, a ground reflection (GR) path, and several random scattering (SC) paths. Specifically, the movement of a UAV in both three‐dimensional (3D) translational and 3D rotational directions is considered as well as a ground vehicle capable of moving in arbitrary directions with varying velocities. Subsequently, the Doppler shift expressions for various paths and movements are presented individually, incorporating spatial angles. Comprehensive simulation results are examined, illustrating that six‐dimensional (6D) motion exhibits varying effects with linear relative velocity, local angular velocity, and two types of spatial angles. Moreover, channel statistical properties such as temporal auto‐correlation function (TCF) and Doppler power spectral density (PSD) are studied to show the consideration of 6D mobility is indispensable.
Impact of using text classifiers for standardising maintenance data of wind turbines on reliability calculations
Authors: Walgern Julia , Beckh Katharina , Hannes Neele , Horn Martin , Lutz Marc‐Alexander , Fischer Katharina , Kolios Athanasios 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the challenge of efficiently digitalising wind turbine maintenance data, traditionally hindered by non‐standardised formats necessitating manual, expert intervention. Highlighting the discrepancies in past reliability studies based on different key performance indicators (KPIs), the paper underscores the importance of consistent standards, like RDS‐PP, for maintenance data categorisation. Leveraging on established digitalisation workflows, we investigate the efficacy of text classifiers in automating the categorisation process against conventional manual labelling. Results indicate that while classifiers exhibit high performance for specific datasets, their general applicability across diverse wind farms is limited at the present stage. Furthermore, differences in failure rate KPIs derived from manual versus classifier‐processed data reveal uncertainties in both methods. The study suggests that enhanced clarity in maintenance reporting and refined designation systems can lead to more accurate KPIs.
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs
Authors: Cortés-Contreras M. , Caballero J. A. , Montes D. , Cardona-Guillén C. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cifuentes C. , Tabernero H. M. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Amado P. J. , Jeffers S. V. , Lafarga M. , Lodieu N. , Quirrenbach A. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Schöfer P. , Schweitzer A. , Seifert W. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. Our goals are to characterise the kinematic properties and to identify young and old stars among the M dwarfs of the CARMENES input catalogue.
Methods. We compiled the spectral types, proper motions, distances, and radial velocities for 2187 M dwarfs. We used the public code SteParKin to derive their galactic space velocities and identify members in the different galactic populations. We also identified candidate members in young stellar kinematic groups, with ages ranging from 1 Ma to 800 Ma with SteParKin, LACEwING, and BANYAN Σ. We removed known close binaries and performed an analysis of kinematic, rotation, and activity indicators (rotational periods and projected velocities, Hα, X-rays, and UV emission) for 1546 M dwarfs. We defined five rotation-activity-colour relations satisfied by young (τ ≲ 800 Ma) stars.
Results. We identified 191 young M dwarf candidates (∼12%), 113 of which are newly recognised in this work. In this young sample, there are 118 very active stars based on Hα emission, fast rotation, and X-ray and UV emission excess. Of them, 27 have also strong magnetic fields, 9 of which are likely younger than 50 Ma. Additionally, there are 87 potentially young stars and 99 stars with a dubious youth classification, which may increase the fraction of young stars to an astounding 24%. Only one star out of the 2187 exhibits kinematics typical of the old Galactic halo.
Conclusions. A combined analysis of kinematic and rotation-activity properties provides a robust method for identifying young M dwarfs from archival data. However, more observational efforts are needed to ascertain the true nature of numerous young star candidates in the field and, perhaps more importantly, to precisely quantify their age.
Synthetic Organic Chemistry of α-Imino Ketones: A Graphical Review
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Pareek Abhishek 
Published: November 2024

Abstractα-Imino ketones are traditionally synthesized through condensing simple and readily available α-keto aldehydes or 1,2-diketones with primary or secondary amines. They are structurally similar to many naturally occurring biological substances due to the presence of the imino group (–N=C–). Chemically, C-acylimines exhibit ambiphilic reactivity, making their synthetic chemistry particularly attractive and viable for the creation of various aza-cyclic and heterocyclic compounds, including their asymmetric counterparts. Consequently, numerous synthetic strategies have been developed starting from these building blocks. Herein, we provide a graphical review of state-of-the-art synthetic efforts over the past 20 years, focusing on the use of α-imino ketones (both cyclic and acyclic) for the synthesis of small molecules and complex systems.
An integrated framework for habitat restoration in fire-prone areas. Part 2 – fire hazard assessment of the different land management scenarios
Authors: Vaz R. , Maia P. , Keizer J. , Fernandes P. , Pereira S. C. , Carvalho D. 
Published: November 2024

Background Climate change has increased the occurrence of fire-prone weather and extreme weather events in Europe. Improving resilience of forests to reduce fire hazard has become an imperative challenge to tackle. Aims This study aims to incorporate extreme fire events from future climate projections in developing forest planning and land management scenarios, evaluating fire risk mitigation potential. Methods Using the wildfire–atmosphere coupled modelling system WRF-SFIRE, land management scenarios for the Lombada Forest Intervention Region (ILMA) in northeast Portugal were assessed under a business-as-usual future climate scenario. The Fire Weather Index (FWI) was used as a predictor of fire danger to select two fire events. Results Agricultural areas can function as barrier for wildfire conditions under cooler weather. Management of the existing pine forest yielded a reduction in fire spread speed and intensity, namely in lower wind speed regimes, significantly improving suppressive capabilities. Conclusions Fuel treatment of maritime pine performed best in reducing fire spread rate, intensity and improving suppression capability. Replacing agricultural areas with oak-based land cover can promote higher fire intensity and spread rates in the younger stanges or if left unmanaged. Implications This framework can be used to provide additional tools for forest management across different landscapes reducing fire hazard and vulnerability and improving forest resilience, under climate change.
Constraints on primordial black holes for nonstandard cosmologies
Authors: Gomez-Aguilar Tadeo D. , Padilla Luis E. , Erfani Encieh , Hidalgo Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study how the bounds on the abundance of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) and the constraints on power spectrum are modified if a non-standard evolution phase takes place between the end of inflation and the Standard radiation-dominated (RD) universe after inflation. The constraints on PBH abundance and power spectrum are computed using the new, freely available, https://github.com/TadeoDGAguilar/PBHBeta PBHBeta library, which accounts for the effects of non-standard expansion and specific criteria for PBH formation in such non-standard scenarios. As working examples, we consider three different cases: a pure matter-dominated (MD) phase, a scalar field-dominated (φD) universe, and a stiff fluid-dominated (SD) scenario.
While the background expansion is the same for the MD and φD scenarios, the PBH formation criteria lead to different constraints to power spectrum. On the other hand, the duration of the non-standard expansion phase alters the bounds, with longer MD periods resulting in weaker constraints on power spectrum, and longer SD scenarios leading to an enhanced abundance due to the dust-like redshifting of PBHs. The modifications to the constraints are reported in all cases and we highlight those where the power spectrum may be significantly constrained.