bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting misinformation in social networks using provenance data
Authors: Baeth Mohamed Jehad , Aktas Mehmet S. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn recent years, the credibility of information on social networks has attracted considerable of interest due to its critical role in the spread of information online. In this paper, we argue that the quality of information created on social networks can be analyzed using its provenance data. In particular, we propose an algorithm that assesses information credibility on social networks in order to detect fake or malicious information using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to assign proper weights to the proposed metrics. In order to test the usability of the proposed algorithm, we introduce a prototype implementation and test it on a large‐scale synthetic social provenance dataset. The initial results reveal a proportional relationship between our proposed distance from positivity algorithm and the provenance graph metrics‐based user credibility.
The urban computing on the distribution of inhalable particulate matters to Smart City–based residential groups
Authors: Ma Xi'na , Zhao Jingyuan , Guo Peng 
Published: August 2018

SummaryMicro‐climatic factors have provided dynamic conditions and thermal conditions for the distribution of suspended particulate matters. In this paper, courtyard‐type residential clusters built in Xi'an were selected as the research objects, through field survey, spot test, and CFD analog simulation. Plane layout physical models of the various comparable courtyard‐type residential clusters were abstracted from the perspective of urban design, reasonable numerical models were established by field test and CFD simulation, and then simulation study was conducted to the plane forms of different courtyard‐type residential clusters; the influence of different forms on the dilution and spread of atmospheric pollutants was studied quantitatively. Finally, upon overall consideration over the turbulence characteristics in the vertical direction and the distribution law of pollutants under the influence of microclimate, it was concluded that the concentration of fine PM2.5 in the space of node‐type clusters in the plane layout of courtyard‐type clusters performed worst in the comparative scope, the most favorable form was U type clusters, and the available forms were windmill‐type clusters and scattered‐vertical type clusters.
Multiscale Simulation of the Interaction and Adsorption of Ions on a Hydrophobic Graphene Surface
Authors: Chen Luohao , Guo Yanan , Xu Zhijun , Yang Xiaoning 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe adsorption of ions on a graphene surface is very important to control relevant graphene‐based processes. In this work, a multiscale simulation was carried out to study the adsorption of Na+/Cl− ions on graphene by combining quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The interaction energies of the ions with graphene were computed using density functional theory (DFT). It was found that the ions show strong interaction with a graphene cluster and the overwhelming portion of the interaction energy is the ion‐π orbital interaction. The large orbital interaction can be ascribed to the two contributions arising from the ion‐induced polarization of graphene and the charge transfer between ion and graphene. Their different contribution degrees reveal that the polarization effect plays a main role on the orbital interaction for ion adsorption. Comparatively, for Na/Cl atom adsorption, the charge transfer shows large part to the orbital interaction with weak atom‐induced polarization. The obtained interaction energies were applied to develop new interaction potentials between ion and graphene, and then MD simulations were used to study the interfacial adsorption behavior of Na+/Cl− aqueous solution onto the graphene surface. Due to enhanced ion‐π interactions, Na+/Cl− cooperatively demonstrates a strong ion adsorption layer through direct contact with the hydrophobic graphene surface. Our simulation result presents a new understanding of ion‐graphene interactions.
Women on boards and efficiency in a business‐orientated environment
Authors: Uribe‐Bohorquez María Victoria , Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study proposes a new research approach to examining the relationship between board diversity in terms of gender differences and corporate performance, measured by technical efficiency. Moreover, this paper also examines the moderating role that institutional factors exert on this relationship through the cultural dimensions of the country of origin. The research questions are examined using an international sample of 2185 listed firms from 2006 to 2015, applying several truncated regression models for panel data and employing data envelopment analysis to examine efficiency as a measure of performance. This paper provides support for the assertion that female directors decrease the firm's technical efficiency; however, in more economically orientated cultures, institutional context exerts a moderating effect on the latter. The female directors of companies located in countries with higher economically orientated values adopt male stereotypes and have a significant and positive interest in improving efficiency.
Nuclear cytometry and chromatin organization
Authors: Smith Paul J. , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew , Errington Rachel J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe nuclear‐targeting chemical probe, for the detection and quantification of DNA within cells, has been a mainstay of cytometry—from the colorimetric Feulgen stain to smart fluorescent agents with tuned functionality. The level of nuclear structure and function at which the probe aims to readout, or indeed at which a DNA‐targeted drug acts, is shadowed by a wide range of detection modalities and analytical methods. These methods are invariably limited in terms of the resolution attainable versus the volume occupied by targeted chromatin structures. The scalar challenge arises from the need to understand the extent and different levels of compaction of genomic DNA and how such structures can be re‐modeled, reported, or even perturbed by both probes and drugs. Nuclear cytometry can report on the complex levels of chromatin order, disorder, disassembly, and even active disruption by probes and drugs. Nuclear probes can report defining features of clinical and therapeutic interest as in NETosis and other cell death processes. New cytometric approaches continue to bridge the scalar challenges of analyzing chromatin organization. Advances in super‐resolution microscopy address the resolution and depth of analysis issues in cellular systems. Typical of recent insights into chromatin organization enabled by exploiting a DNA interacting probe is ChromEM tomography (ChromEMT). ChromEMT uses the unique properties of the anthraquinone‐based cytometric dye DRAQ5™ to reveal that local and global 3D chromatin structures effect differences in compaction. The focus of this review is nuclear and chromatin cytometry, with linked reference to DNA targeting probes and drugs as exemplified by the anthracenediones.
Sclerostin is expressed in the atherosclerotic plaques of patients who undergoing carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Leto Gaetano , D'Onofrio Luca , Lucantoni Federica , Zampetti Simona , Campagna Giuseppe , Foffi Chiara , Moretti Chiara , Carlone Angela , Palermo Andrea , Leopizzi Martina , Porta Natale , Massucci Marco , Lenzi Andrea , Bertoletti Giovanni Battista , Rocca Carlo Della , Buzzetti Raffaella 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundSclerostin (SC) is a monomeric glycoprotein expressed by osteocytes that affects bone formation. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for this protein in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate SC expression in atherosclerotic plaques of patients affected by severe atherosclerotic disease who underwent carotid endarterectomy. We also evaluated possible differences in SC expression between patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study involving 46 patients aged 55 to 80 years (mean, 71.1 ± 6.7 years, 36 men, 15 patients with T2D) who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Immunohistochemical levels of SC were evaluated in the atherosclerotic plaques by double‐staining immunochemistry, and serum SC levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSclerostin was present in the atherosclerotic plaques of all subjects investigated and increased significantly in the media compared with the intima (P < 0.0001) as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) compared with the infiltrating macrophages (P < 0.0001). However, no significant difference in SC expression was observed between patients with and without T2D. No correlation was found between serum and immunohistochemical levels of SC; significantly increased SC serum levels were detected in males compared with females (P = 0.049).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated, for the first time, the expression of SC in VSMCs of atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting a potential role for this protein in the development of atherosclerosis. Further studies are needed to understand if the role played by SC is detrimental or protective in the atherosclerotic disease process.
Evaluating the influence of design strategies and meteorological factors on tree transpiration in bioretention suspended pavement practices
Authors: Tirpak R. Andrew , Hathaway Jon M. , Franklin Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImpervious surfaces, such as roads, parking areas, and buildings, found in cities throughout the world have significant impacts on urban hydrology due to increased volumes and peak flow rates of run‐off delivered to receiving waterbodies. Bioretention practices are a common stormwater control measure used to mitigate the impacts of urban run‐off. When coupled with suspended pavement systems, which provide tree roots with an uncompacted soil matrix that enhances root access to oxygen and water, engineers can design subsurface alternatives to manage urban stormwater. Two suspended pavement systems designed to function as subsurface bioretention practices were installed on the campus of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. Sap flow sensors using the heat ratio method were installed in two bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) trees to characterize the role of transpiration in the suspended pavement systems. Mean transpiration rates were greater when water availability was higher in the bioretention media. Regression models indicated that atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (kPa) was the most influential environmental parameter on tree transpiration and that stomatal regulation of water losses was evident when water was limiting. Findings from this study illustrate how tree transpiration rates can vary, even between individual trees of the same species, on the basis of conditions within the practice, and provide insight to practitioners on how design parameters influence fine‐scale tree–water relations in bioretention systems to maximize the contributions of transpiration on system hydrology.
Tumor‐shed antigen CA125 blocks complement‐mediated killing via suppression of C1q‐antibody binding
Authors: Kline J. Bradford , Fernando Shawn , Ross Erin N. , Grasso Luigi , Nicolaides Nicholas C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractC1q‐engagement with IgG and IgM type antibodies is the initiating step of classical complement‐mediated immunity. The tumor shed antigen CA125 has been reported to have immunosuppressive effects on host tumor responses as well as commercially approved and experimental monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐based therapeutic agents. To better understand this effect, molecular and cellular studies were carried out testing the ability of CA125 to perturb the classical complement pathway. Here, we show that patient‐derived CA125 inhibits IgG1, IgG3, and IgM‐mediated complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) by perturbing antibody‐Fc interaction with the C1q complement‐initiating protein only in those mAbs that are directly bound by CA125. This mechanism was found to impact naturally generated IgM antibodies as well as experimental and clinically approved mAbs, such as farletuzumab and rituximab, respectively. These data support a role for CA125 in humoral immune suppression and as a potential mechanism by which tumors may possibly avoid host immune responses.
Novel EPC1 gene fusions in endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: Dickson Brendan C. , Lum Amy , Swanson David , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Colgan Terrence J. , Shaw Patricia A. , Yip Stephen , Lee Cheng‐Han 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEndometrial stromal sarcoma encompasses a heterogeneous group of uterine mesenchymal neoplasms, which are currently divided into low‐grade and high‐grade subtypes. Low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is morphologically bland; molecularly, these tumors frequently contain JAZF1‐SUZ12, JAZF1‐PHF1, and EPC1‐PHF1 fusions. In contrast, high‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is characterized by morphologically undifferentiated neoplasms with high‐grade nuclear features; these tumors likewise appear to be genetically diverse with YWHAE‐NUTM2 and ZC3H7B‐BCOR representing the most frequent gene fusions. Herein, we describe two novel EPC1 fusion genes in endometrial stromal sarcoma: EPC1‐SUZ12 and EPC1‐BCOR. Both tumors were characterized be an aggressive clinical course.
The formation of the Caosiyao giant porphyry Mo deposit on the northern margin of the North China Craton: Constraints from U―Pb and Re―Os geochronology, whole‐rock geochemistry, Hf isotopes, and oxygen fugacity of the magma
Authors: Zhou Tiancheng , Zeng Qingdong , Chen Peiwen , Li Xiangzi , Cen Chaozheng , Yang Yueheng 
Published: August 2018

The Caosiyao giant porphyry Mo deposit (1.76 Mt), which is the third largest such deposit in China, is located on the northern margin of the North China Craton and associated with the Caosiyao intrusive complex that was emplaced in Archaean metamorphic rocks. The intrusive complex consists of monzogranite and coarse‐, medium‐, and fine‐grained granite porphyries that yield U―Pb ages of 148.5 ± 1.2, 146.4 ± 1.0, 144.6 ± 1.0, and 142.8 ± 3.2 Ma, respectively. Four molybdenite Re―Os model ages range from 143.1 ± 2.4 to 145.3 ± 2.1 Ma, which are consistent with the U―Pb ages for the igneous complex. The geochronological data indicate that the multistage magmatic‐hydrothermal processes were important in the formation of the Caosiyao giant deposit. The rocks of the Caosiyao granitic complex have high contents of silica (SiO2 = 71.7–75.6 wt.%) and total alkalis (mostly K2O + Na2O > 8 wt.%), low contents of CaO and MgO, and exhibit peraluminous high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonitic affinities. They are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g., K, Rb, U, and Th) and light REEs and depleted in Eu, Ba, Sr, Nb, P, and Ti. The geochemical characteristics indicate advanced fractional crystallization and that the rocks are strongly fractionated I‐type granites. The negative Hf isotopic compositions of the granitic rocks, combined with old two‐stage Hf model ages, indicate the magmas were derived from partial melting of the ancient lower crust of the North China Craton. All the intrusive rocks in the complex have relatively high Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios and oxygen fugacity, which would have facilitated Mo extraction into the melts owing to the much higher solubility of S as sulphate (SO42−) than sulphide (S2−). The magma crystallization temperatures decreased from 882°C to 770°C as the magma evolved. The multistage magmatic‐hydrothermal processes, and the prolonged fractional crystallization, combined with high magma oxygen fugacity are the key factors to form the Caosiyao giant Mo deposit. The tectonic setting of deposit formation was one of extension related to rollback of the subducting Palaeo‐Pacific Plate during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.
EarlyCretaceous adakitic granitoids from theZhijiazhuang skarn iron deposit,NorthTaihangMountain,China: Implications for petrogenesis and metallogenesis associated with craton destruction
Authors: Yang Fan , Santosh M. , Kim Sung Won , Zhou Hongying , Xue Fei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe North Taihang Mountain region located within the Trans‐North China Orogen is one of the major Mesozoic metallogenic belts in the North China Craton and carries varied polymetallic mineralization associated with multiple magmatic pulses. Here, we investigate the Zhijiazhuang skarn iron deposit from this region through petrological, geochemical, zircon U–Pb geochronological and Lu–Hf isotopic studies of the associated granitoids to constrain the ages, petrogenesis, and process of mineralization. Zircon U–Pb dating shows multiple pulses of magmatism with three major peaks at 134, 129, and 125 Ma as well as some scattered spot ages of 121, 118, and 112 Ma consistent with regional multistage magmatic events during the Early Cretaceous. Zircon Hf data display negative εHf(t) values from −21.7 to −7.8 and two‐stage crustal model ages (TDMC) in the range of 1,680–2,560 Ma, indicating magma derivation from reworking of late Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic crustal materials possibly with minor lithospheric mantle input. Geochemical data indicate I‐type adakitic signature for the intrusion, suggesting the involvement of subduction‐related components. The adakitic rocks identified in this study originated from a mixture of crustal and lithospheric mantle components followed by upper crustal fractional crystallization. Collectively, the data suggest that the granitoids were formed by interaction of crust–mantle materials through partial melting of a thickened or delaminated lower continental crust and lithospheric mantle corresponding to the peak event of lithospheric thinning and craton destruction of the North China Craton. The tectonics is correlated with the westward subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. Combined with information from previous studies associated with porphyry–skarn‐type deposits in the whole Taihang Mountain region, we correlate the multiple phases of magmatism and mineralization of the deposit to the peak event of lithospheric thinning and destruction of the North China Craton, and the Zhijiazhuang skarn iron deposit was likely generated by the interaction of magmas and fluids with the dolomitic wall rocks.
Immunochemotherapeutic increase of peripheral absolute monocyte count predicts interstitial pneumonia in lymphoma patients
Authors: Lang Mingxiao , Yu Jingwei , Wang Xianhuo , Song Zheng , Li Lanfang , Qiu Lihua , Zhang Huilai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInterstitial pneumonia (IP) is one of the potentially fatal adverse events for lymphoma patients undergoing immunochemotherapy. However, the risk factors and predictive markers remain unclear for this complication. This retrospective study aims to explore whether the change of absolute monocyte count (AMC) during immunochemotherapy is correlated with IP occurrence and progression. A total of 500 lymphoma patients receiving immunochemotherapy from 2014 to 2016 were enrolled in this investigation. Interstitial pneumonia was generally diagnosed as diffused pulmonary interstitial infiltrates on computed tomography images in conjunction with respiratory symptoms or pulmonary function test, which is also adopted as a diagnosing tool of IP in this study. Among the total 500 participating patients, 40 patients were diagnosed as IP, which account for 8% of the total subjects. The median number of chemotherapy cycles for those patients prior to IP occurrence is 4. This research suggests that the increase of peripheral AMC over 0.565 × 109/L after 2 cycles of immunochemotherapy is a great potential to develop IP. Using the method of multivariate analysis, lymphoma lung involvement and high AMC after 2 cycles of immunochemotherapy were identified as independent risk factors for IP. Most IP patients with sustained AMC elevation (>0.575 × 109/L at IP onset) accompanied severe pulmonary symptoms, while those with AMC fall‐back might tolerate subsequent immunochemotherapy. Thus, this study concludes that early increase of AMC during immunochemotherapy in lymphoma patients with lung involvement suggested a great potential to develop IP. Dynamic changes in AMC may serve as a predictive marker for IP severity and a guide for treatment adjustment for both tumor and pulmonary injuries.
Risk-based approach in the revised European Union drinking water legislation: Opportunities for bioanalytical tools
Authors: Dingemans Milou ML , Baken Kirsten A , van der Oost Ron , Schriks Merijn , van Wezel Annemarie P 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

A plethora of in vitro bioassays are developed in the context of chemical risk assessment and clinical diagnostics to test effects on different biological processes. Such assays can also be implemented in effect-based monitoring (EBM) of (drinking) water quality alongside chemical analyses. Effects-based monitoring can provide insight into risks for the environment and human health associated with exposure to (unknown) complex, low-level mixtures of micropollutants, which fits in the risk-based approach that was recently introduced in the European Drinking Water Directive. Some challenges remain, in particular those related to selection and interpretation of bioassays. For water quality assessment, carcinogenesis, adverse effects on reproduction and development, effects on xenobiotic metabolism, modulation of hormone systems, DNA reactivity, and adaptive stress responses are considered the most relevant toxicological endpoints. An evaluation procedure of the applicability and performance of in vitro bioassays for water quality monitoring, based on existing information, has been developed, which can be expanded with guidelines for experimental evaluations. In addition, a methodology for the interpretation of in vitro monitoring data is required, because the sensitivity of specific in vitro bioassays in combination with sample concentration may lead to responses of chemicals (far) below exposure concentrations that are relevant for human health effects. Different approaches are proposed to derive effect-based trigger values (EBTs), including EBTs based on (1) relative ecotoxicity potency, (2) health-based threshold values for chronic exposure in humans and kinetics of reference chemicals, and (3) read-across from (drinking) water guideline values. Effects-based trigger values need to be chosen carefully in order to be sufficiently but not overly conservative to indicate potential health effects. Consensus on the crucial steps in the selection and interpretation of in vitro bioassay data will facilitate implementation and legal embedding in the context of water quality monitoring of such assays in EBM strategies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:126–134. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)