bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The SkyMapper DR1.1 search for extremely metal-poor stars
Authors: Da Costa G S , Bessell M S , Mackey A D , Nordlander T , Asplund M , Casey A R , Frebel A , Lind K , Marino A F , Murphy S J , Norris J E , Schmidt B P , Yong D 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present and discuss the results of a search for extremely metal-poor stars based on photometry from data release DR1.1 of the SkyMapper imaging survey of the southern sky. In particular, we outline our photometric selection procedures and describe the low-resolution (R ≈ 3000) spectroscopic follow-up observations that are used to provide estimates of effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity ([Fe/H]) for the candidates. The selection process is very efficient: of the 2618 candidates with low-resolution spectra that have photometric metallicity estimates less than or equal to −2.0, 41 per cent have [Fe/H] ≤ −2.75 and only approximately seven per cent have [Fe/H] > −2.0 dex. The most metal-poor candidate in the sample has [Fe/H] < −4.75 and is notably carbon rich. Except at the lowest metallicities ([Fe/H] < −4), the stars observed spectroscopically are dominated by a ‘carbon-normal’ population with [C/Fe]1D, LTE ≤ +1 dex. Consideration of the A(C)1D, LTE versus [Fe/H]1D, LTE diagram suggests that the current selection process is strongly biased against stars with A(C)1D, LTE > 7.3 (predominantly CEMP-s) while any bias against stars with A(C)1D, LTE < 7.3 and [C/Fe]1D,LTE > +1 (predominantly CEMP-no) is not readily quantifiable given the uncertainty in the SkyMapper v-band DR1.1 photometry. We find that the metallicity distribution function of the observed sample has a power-law slope of Δ(Log N)/Δ[Fe/H] = 1.5 ± 0.1 dex per dex for −4.0 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ −2.75, but appears to drop abruptly at [Fe/H] ≈ −4.2, in line with previous studies.
Ash2l interacts with Oct4-stemness circuitry to promote super-enhancer-driven pluripotency network
Authors: Tsai Ping-Hsing , Chien Yueh , Wang Mong-Lien , Hsu Chih-Hung , Laurent Benoit , Chou Shih-Jie , Chang Wei-Chao , Chien Chian-Shiu , Li Hsin-Yang , Lee Hsin-Chen , Huo Teh-Ia , Hung Jui-Hung , Chen Chung-Hsuan , Chiou Shih-Hwa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Pluripotency and cell fates can be modulated through the regulation of super-enhancers; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we showed a novel mechanism in which Ash2l directly binds to super-enhancers of several stemness genes to regulate pluripotency and self-renewal in pluripotent stem cells. Ash2l recruits Oct4/Sox2/Nanog (OSN) to form Ash2l/OSN complex at the super-enhancers of Jarid2, Nanog, Sox2 and Oct4, and further drives enhancer activation, upregulation of stemness genes, and maintains the pluripotent circuitry. Ash2l knockdown abrogates the OSN recruitment to all super-enhancers and further hinders the enhancer activation. In addition, CRISPRi/dCas9-mediated blocking of Ash2l-binding motifs at these super-enhancers also prevents OSN recruitment and enhancer activation, validating that Ash2l directly binds to super-enhancers and initiates the pluripotency network. Transfection of Ash2l with W118A mutation to disrupt Ash2l–Oct4 interaction fails to rescue Ash2l-driven enhancer activation and pluripotent gene upregulation in Ash2l-depleted pluripotent stem cells. Together, our data demonstrated Ash2l formed an enhancer-bound Ash2l/OSN complex that can drive enhancer activation, govern pluripotency network and stemness circuitry.
Potential Unintended Effects of Standardized Pain Questionnaires: A Qualitative Study
Authors: De Silva Theresa , Hodges Paul W , Costa Nathalia , Setchell Jenny 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal condition with substantial individual and societal costs. Standardized self-report questionnaires are commonly used in clinical practice to identify prognostic risk factors and tailor interventions for low back pain. However, most of these low back pain questionnaires have been developed in Western cultures and may not be clinically applicable to other cultures. These cultural aspects have not been explored. This study aimed to investigate the cultural assumptions underlying back pain questionnaires and the potential implications of using standardized questionnaires with non-Western populations.

Design
An interpretive qualitative design was employed.

Subjects
Participants (N = 16) self-identified as coming from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.

Methods
Data collection and analysis were guided by thematic analysis. Four focus groups of three to five participants were conducted during which participants discussed two questionnaires commonly used in low back pain settings: the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire.

Results
Analysis identified four themes: questionnaires affect the patient–clinician encounter; results are not only about back pain; questionnaires affect people’s understanding of their back pain; and results potentially affect people’s lives beyond their back condition.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that questionnaires could potentially negatively affect the patient–clinician rapport and lead to inaccurate and unanticipated results when used with culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Findings are also likely to be applicable to people with low back pain more broadly, regardless of culture. Implications include a need for cultural sensitivity when using questionnaires, greater consideration of when to use these measures, and adaptations to the use/design of standardized questionnaires.
The Prospects for Durable Solutions for Syrian Refugees in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Case Study of Erbil Governorate Camps
Authors: Yassen Abdullah Omar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Today, forced displacement from Syria has resulted in one of the largest refugee populations worldwide, creating yet another ‘protracted displacement’ in the Middle East. To explore this situation, an analysis of the perceptions held by all stakeholders of potential durable solutions is urgently required. This research examines three durable solutions: voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement in a third country. It also examines the State practice of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in terms of its response to the protection of Syrian refugees and their entitlement to education, health care, employment, and residency. In so doing, it identifies the challenges and issues facing Syrians in the region. The focus is on local-level perceptions of practitioners, policy-makers, and Syrian refugees in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The methodology for this study includes desk research, focus groups, and interviews with refugees in four camps in Erbil governorate, namely, Basirma, Darashakran, Kawergosk, and Qushtapa between August 2017 and December 2017. The findings show that the preferred durable solution for the overall majority of the Syrian refugees in this research was resettlement to third countries. Both local integration and voluntary repatriation were viewed as largely unworkable.
Mean diffusivity associated with trait emotional intelligence
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Taki Yasuyuki , Nouchi Rui , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Kotozaki Yuka , Nakagawa Seishu , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Iizuka Kunio , Yamamoto Yuki , Hanawa Sugiko , Araki Tsuyoshi , Miyauchi Carlos Makoto , Sakaki Kohei , Sassa Yuko , Nozawa Takayuki , Ikeda Shigeyuki , Yokota Susumu , Daniele Magistro , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious neuroimaging studies have suggested that the neural bases of trait emotional intelligence (TEI) lie in the social cognition network (SCN) and the somatic marker circuitry (SMC). The current study was the first to investigate the associations of total TEI factors and subfactors with mean diffusivity (MD) of these networks as well as regional MD of the dopaminergic system (MDDS). We found that TEI intrapersonal factor score and total TEI score were negatively correlated with regional MDDS in the vicinity of the right putamen and right pallidum and that TEI intrapersonal factor score was negatively correlated with MD values of the fusiform gyrus. Total TEI score and TEI factor scores were positively correlated with MD values of various areas within or adjacent to SCN components, SMC structures and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Our MD findings demonstrated the importance of the dopaminergic system to TEI and implicate the SCN, SMC and LPFC in TEI. Future studies are required to investigate the implications of positive and negative associations with MD values.
Influence of Nutrition and Nonnutrition Factors on Pressure Injury Outcomes Among At-Risk Asian Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Yap Tracey L. , Kennerly Susan , Horn Susan D. , Barrett Ryan , Dixon Jequie , Bergstrom Nancy 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Given evidence that malnutrition and immobility increase the risk of pressure injuries (PIs) in nursing home (NH) residents and that body mass index guidelines related to undernutrition may differ between Asian and non-Asian populations, the purpose of this study was to describe differences in overall nutrition, dietary intake, and nonnutrition risk factors for PIs between Asian and non-Asian NH residents.

DESIGN AND SETTING
Secondary data analysis of a 3-week PI prevention randomized controlled trial in seven Canadian NHs.

PATIENTS
Asian (n = 97) and non-Asian (n = 408) residents at moderate or high mobility-related risk of PI.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Incident PI by racial subgroups.

MAIN RESULTS
Asian residents (PI = 6) consumed significantly smaller meals and marginally different patterns of daily dietary consumption of protein types, liquid supplements, and snacks; took more frequent tub baths; and had marginally lower body mass index than non-Asian residents (PI = 4).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings are consistent with earlier research suggesting that nutrition consumption and care patterns may predispose Asian NH residents to develop more PIs than their non-Asian counterparts. Future research should focus on the threshold for and types of nutrition support sufficient to improve nutrition status and reduce PI risk.
From the ICU to the operating room: how to manage the patient?
Authors: Tankel James , Zimmerman Frederic , De Jong Audrey , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Einav Sharon 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of reviewTo outline key points for perioperative ICU optimization of nutrition, airway management, blood product preparation and transfusion, antibiotic prophylaxis and transport.Recent findingsOptimization entails glycemic control for all, with specific attention to type-1 diabetic patients. Transport-related adverse events may be averted with surgery in the ICU. If moving the patient is unavoidable, transport guidelines should be followed and hemodynamic optimization, airway control, and stabilization of mechanical ventilation ensured before transport. Preinduction preparation includes assessment of the airway and the provision of high-flow oxygen to prolong apneic oxygenation. Postintubation, a protective positive ventilation strategy should be employed. Ideal transfusion thresholds are 7 g/dl for hemodynamically stable adult patients, 8 g/dl in orthopedic or cardiac surgery patients as well as those with underlying cardiovascular disease. Higher transfusions thresholds may be required in specific disease states. Antimicrobial prophylaxis within 120 min of incision prevents most surgical site infections. Antibiotic therapy depends on the antibiotics being received in the ICU, the time elapsed since ICU admission, local epidemiology and the type of surgery. Tailored antimicrobial regimens may be continued periprocedurally. If more than 70% of the nutritional requirement cannot be met enterally, parenteral nutrition should be initiated within 5–7 days of surgery or earlier if the patient is malnourished.SummaryICU patients who require surgery may benefit from appropriate perioperative management.
Safety in office-based anesthesia: an updated review of the literature from 2016 to 2019
Authors: de Lima Andres , Osman Brian M. , Shapiro Fred E. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Office-based anesthesia (OBA) is rapidly growing across the world. Availability of less invasive interventions has facilitated the opportunity of offering new procedures in office-based settings to patient populations that would not have been considered in the past. This article provides a practical approach to discuss and analyze newest literature supporting different practices in the field of OBA. In addition, an update of the most recent guidelines and practice management directives is included.

Recent findings
Selected procedures may be performed in the office-based scenario with exceedingly low complication rates, when the right patient population is selected, and adequate safety protocols are followed. Current regulations are focused on reducing surgical risk through the implementation of patient safety protocols and practice standardization. Strategies include cognitive aids for emergencies, safety checklists, facility accreditation standards among other.

Summary
New evidence exists supporting procedures in the office-based scenario in areas such as plastic and cosmetic surgery, dental and oral surgery, ophthalmology, endovascular procedures and otolaryngology. Different systematic approaches have been developed (guidelines and position statements) to promote standardization of safe practices through emergency protocols, safety checklists, medication management and surgical risk reduction. New regulations and accreditation measures have been developed to homogenize practice and promote high safety standards.
Relationship Between Etonogestrel Concentrations and Bleeding Patterns in Contraceptive Implant Users
Authors: Lazorwitz Aaron , Aquilante Christina L. , Dindinger Eva , Harrison Margaret , Sheeder Jeanelle , Teal Stephanie 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate whether serum etonogestrel concentrations influence bleeding patterns and related side effects in contraceptive implant users.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study with healthy, reproductive-aged women using etonogestrel implants for 12–36 months. Participants completed a brief questionnaire to assess their current bleeding pattern and any experience of abnormal bleeding with the implant. We then measured serum etonogestrel concentrations. We also reviewed the charts of participants to determine whether a prescription for oral contraceptive pills was ever given for treatment of implant-related bothersome bleeding. We performed multivariable logistic regression to test for associations between serum etonogestrel concentrations and both bleeding patterns and related side effects.

RESULTS:
We enrolled 350 women, and 59.4% reported having experienced abnormal bleeding with the contraceptive implant. Only 14.9% of participants reported amenorrhea and 37.7% reported monthly periods. Among participants with reviewable medical records (n=253), roughly 20% had received a prescription for oral contraceptive pills during implant use. Increasing serum etonogestrel concentrations were significantly associated with increasing odds of reporting abnormal bleeding (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.005, P=.015) and increasing odds of having received an oral contraceptive pill prescription (aOR 1.008, P=.002). For every 100 pg/mL increase in serum etonogestrel concentration, contraceptive implant users in this study had 1.6 times the odds of reporting abnormal bleeding and 2.3 times the odds of having received a prescription as treatment for bothersome bleeding.

CONCLUSION:
We found both objective and subjective evidence that higher levels of progestin from the contraceptive implant were associated with bleeding side effects experienced by women in this study. Pharmacologic variation may influence the side effects women experience with a variety of hormonal contraceptive methods, in turn affecting patient satisfaction and discontinuation rates.
Labor Curve Analysis of Medically Indicated Early Preterm Induction of Labor
Authors: Becker David A. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Kuper Spencer G. , Jauk Victoria C. , Wang Michelle J. , Harper Lorie M. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze the labor curves of nulliparous and multiparous women between 23.0 and 34.0 weeks of gestation who underwent induction of labor and achieved vaginal delivery.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of all live singletons delivered vaginally after medically indicated induction of labor between 23.0 and 34.0 weeks of gestation from 2011 through 2014 at our institution. We excluded those with one or no cervical examinations available during labor. Prior cesarean delivery, 5-minute Apgar score less than 5, and arterial cord pH less than 7.0 were exclusions. The course of cervical dilation was modeled using repeated measures analysis, and smoothed curves for nulliparous and parous women were generated separately. Estimates of the median (5th–95th percentile) traverse times between two dilations were computed using interval censored regression. Traverse times (ie, the elapsed time between two given dilation measures) were compared between nulliparous and parous women.

RESULTS:
Sixty-seven nulliparous and 69 multiparous women were included. Each group exhibited similar rates of change from 1 to 3 cm of dilation (median 3.6 hours nulliparous and 3.4 hours multiparous, P=.90). Nulliparous women progressed from 3 to 6 cm more slowly than multiparous women (median 10 hours vs 4.4 hours, P<.001). After 6 cm, both groups rapidly progressed to 10 cm (median 0.3 hours vs 0.3 hours, P=.64). Although the 95th percentile traverse time from 6 to 10 cm was about 2 hours in each group, progression from 1 to 6 cm at the 95th percentile was much longer (64.0 vs 42.2 hours).

CONCLUSION:
Early preterm labor induction takes less time in multiparous women owing to more rapid progression from 3 to 6 cm. At the 95th percentile, both nulliparous and multiparous women delivered vaginally, even with latent labor lasting well longer than 24 hours.
Antibiotic Use Without Indication During Delivery Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Andrikopoulou Maria , Huang Yongmei , Duffy Cassandra R. , Stern-Ascher Conrad N. , Wright Jason D. , Goffman Dena , D'Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze trends in unindicated antibiotic use during vaginal delivery hospitalization.

METHODS:
This study used an administrative database to analyze antibiotic use during delivery hospitalizations from January 2006 to March 2015. Women were classified by mode of delivery and whether they had an evidence-based indication for antibiotics. Indications for antibiotics included preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), cesarean delivery, group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization, chorioamnionitis, endometritis, urinary tract infections, and other infections. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to assess trends of antibiotic administration. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses for antibiotic receipt including demographic, hospital, and obstetric and medical factors were performed with unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs as measures of association.

RESULTS:
A total of 5,536,756 delivery hospitalizations, including 2,872,286 vaginal deliveries without an indication for antibiotics, were analyzed. The most common indication for antibiotics was cesarean delivery (33.6% of the entire cohort), followed by GBS colonization (15.8%), chorioamnionitis (1.7%), preterm PROM (1.6%), endometritis (1.2%), urinary tract infections (0.6%), and other infections (total less than 0.5%). The proportion of women receiving unindicated antibiotics decreased 44.4%, from 38.1% in 2006 to 21.2% in 2015. Adjusted risk for receipt of unindicated antibiotics was lower in 2015 vs 2006 (adjusted RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.55–0.57).

CONCLUSION:
Use of antibiotics during vaginal delivery hospitalizations without an indication for antibiotic use declined significantly based on an analysis of a large administrative data set.
Aspiration Pneumonitis Causing Respiratory Collapse in a Pregnant Patient Not in Labor
Authors: Westerfield Katie L. , Bhavsar Amit K. , Green Samantha 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Aspiration is a known risk of obstetric anesthesia; however; it has not been previously described outside of active labor or the setting of anesthesia.

CASE:
We present the case of a 31-year-old patient with a twin gestation at 33 weeks of gestation, not in labor, with clinically silent aspiration leading to aspiration pneumonitis and respiratory collapse requiring endotracheal intubation and transport to a pulmonary critical care service. After 4 days, she was extubated and eventually underwent a cesarean delivery at 37 weeks of gestation with no long-term pulmonary sequelae.

CONCLUSION:
Clinicians should consider aspiration pneumonitis in the gravid patient who develops acute shortness of breath, even in the absence of active labor or receipt of anesthesia.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgically Unresectable Endometrial Cancers
Authors: Conway Jessica L. , Lukovic Jelena , Ferguson Sarah E. , Zhang Jiahui , Xu Wei , Dhani Neesha , Croke Jennifer , Fyles Anthony , Milosevic Michael , Rink Alexandra , Rouzbahman Marjan , Han Kathy 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of patients with unresectable endometrial cancer managed with definitive or neoadjuvant radiation (RT) and/or chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with unresectable stages II to IVA endometrial cancer who were treated with curative intent between January 2000 and March 2018 were identified. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with receipt of surgery. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with OS and DFS.

Results:
Of the 59 patients identified, the median age was 63 years (range: 37 to 88 y) and histology was endometrioid in 59%. Median follow-up was 2.2 years (range: 0.3 to 9.8 y). Seventeen patients (29%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 28 (47%) neoadjuvant radiation, and 14 (24%) definitive RT; 39 (66%) underwent surgery. Patients who received surgery had higher 3-year OS and DFS than those who did not (84% vs. 41%; P<0.001 and 56% vs. 11%; P<0.001, respectively). Factors associated with higher odds of surgical resection included younger age, endometrioid histology, and earlier stage. Younger age, endometrioid histology, and surgical resection were significantly associated with higher OS. Surgical resection was also associated with higher DFS.

Conclusions:
Surgical resection following RT and/or chemotherapy for locally advanced, unresectable endometrial cancer is associated with higher DFS and OS and more likely to be achieved in endometrioid subtypes.
Myxoid Onychomatricoma—A New Case
Authors: Pessoa e Costa Tomás , João Ana Luísa , Pinheiro Rita , Carvalho Rodrigo , Matos Pires Eugénia , Lencastre André 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:
Onychomatricoma is a slow-growing, benign neoplasm of the nail matrix with several histological variants. With only 2 cases previously reported, the term “myxoid onychomatricoma” has been used by some authors to describe a rare variant, known to have a fibromixoid component. We present a case of a 51-year-old Caucasian woman with a 1-year history of thickening and discoloration of the right thumbnail, who was initially misdiagnosed as onychomycosis. After performing a magnetic resonance imaging that showed a tumor with several filamentous projections, an onychomatricoma was suspected and a total distal plaque avulsion was performed. Histology revealed a biphasic tumor with an epithelial component and a prominent myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemical staining was then used, confirming the diagnosis. Considering these findings, we believe that our case meets the diagnostic description of “myxoid onychomatricoma” and is, therefore, a new case of this rare histological variant.