bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Delirium-Like Behavior and Microglial Activation in Mice Correlate With Bispectral Electroencephalography
Authors: Nishiguchi Tsuyoshi , Yamanishi Kyosuke , Gorantla Nipun , Shimura Akiyoshi , Seki Tomoteru , Ishii Takaya , Aoyama Bun , Malicoat Johnny R , Phuong Nathan James , Dye Nicole Jade , Yamanashi Takehiko , Iwata Masaaki , Shinozaki Gen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Delirium is a multifactorial medical condition characterized by impairment across various mental functions and is one of the greatest risk factors for prolonged hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Research focused on delirium has proven to be challenging due to a lack of objective measures for diagnosing patients, and few laboratory models have been validated. Our recent studies report the efficacy of bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG) in diagnosing delirium in patients and predicting patient outcomes. We applied BSEEG to validate a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of delirium. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between BSEEG score, delirium-like behaviors, and microglia activation in hippocampal dentate gyrus and cortex regions in young and aged mice. There was a significant correlation between BSEEG score and impairment of attention in young mice. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between BSEEG score and microglial activation in hippocampal dentate gyrus and cortex regions in young and aged mice. We have successfully validated the BSEEG method by showing its associations with a level of behavioral change and microglial activation in an lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of delirium. In addition, the BSEEG method was able to sensitively capture an lipopolysaccharide-induced delirium-like condition that behavioral tests could not capture because of a hypoactive state.
Using Voice-Activated Technologies to Enhance Well-Being of Older Adults in Long-Term Care Homes
Authors: Grigorovich Alisa , Marcotte Ashley-Ann , Colobong Romeo , Szabo Margaret , MacNeill Carlee , Blais Daniel , Giffin Gail , Clahane Ken , Goldman Ian P , Harris Bessie , Clarke Caseley Abby , Gaunt Melanie , Vickery Jessica , Torrealba Christina , Kirkland Susan , Kontos Pia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Information communication technologies (ICTs) can enhance older adults’ health and well-being. Most research on the use of voice-activated ICTs by older adults has focused on the experiences of individuals living in the community, excluding those who live in long-term care homes. Given evidence of the potential benefits of such technologies to mitigate social isolation and loneliness, more research is needed about their impacts in long-term care home settings. With this in mind, we evaluated impacts and engagement of older adults with voice- and touchscreen-activated ICTs in one long-term care home in Canada.

Research Design and Methods
Interviews were conducted with older adults who were provided with a Google Nest Hub Max and with staff as part of a larger implementation study. Participants completed semistructured interviews before the technology was implemented, and again at 6 and 12 months. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques.

Results
We found that residents primarily used the technologies to engage in self-directed digital leisure and to engage with others both in and outside the home, and that this in turn enhanced their comfort, pleasure, and social connectedness. We also identified ongoing barriers to their engagement with the technology, including both personal and structural factors.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings suggest that implementation of voice-activated ICTs can bring added value to broader efforts to improve well-being and quality of life in long-term care by enhancing choice, self-determination, and meaningful relationships.
New image, same tactics: global tobacco and vaping industry strategies to promote youth vaping
Authors: Watts Christina , Rose Shiho , McGill Bronwyn , Yazidjoglou Amelia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
E-cigarette use (or vaping) is widespread in young people and is a rapidly growing public health problem. While the tobacco and vaping industry has promoted vaping as a smoking cessation aid for adults, the industry has strategically targeted young people through marketing and appealing designs to orientate a new generation of consumers to use their products. These strategies are not new and replicate what we have previously seen employed by the tobacco industry in past decades to maintain and grow their tobacco profits. We review the evidence on tobacco and vaping industry interference, highlighting the calculated and strategic use of interference tactics as a discourse to curb tobacco control efforts. We demonstrate how these tried and tested strategies are now being purposefully re-used in the context of vaping. As Australia is currently undergoing significant policy reforms for the access and retail of vaping products, we also provide a case study of the industry response played out in this contemporary landscape. Government and public health advocates are in a key position to be one step ahead in proactively tackling the vaping crisis. We recommend that continued monitoring of industry activities and strategies, achieving political transparency and tightening loopholes in current regulations are all needed to identify and eliminate the tobacco and vaping industry’s influence on policymaking. Given their previous track record, we emphasize the need to counter industry interference tactics with urgency to prevent a new generation of nicotine dependence and to support and protect future action in tobacco control.
Assessment of Treatment Response in Known Crohn’s Disease—A Prospective Blinded Study Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Intestinal Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Enterocolonography, Panenteric Capsule Endoscopy, and Fecal Calprotectin
Authors: Brodersen Jacob Broder , Rafaelsen Søren Rafael , Juel Mie Agerbæk , Knudsen Torben , Kjeldsen Jens , Jensen Michael Dam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive modalities may replace ileocolonoscopy (IC) in the follow-up of Crohn’s disease (CD). The aim of this study was to evaluate intestinal ultrasound (IUS), magnetic resonance enterocolonography (MREC), panenteric capsule endoscopy (PCE), and fecal calprotectin (FC) for determining response to medical treatment in patients with ileocolonic CD.

Methods
This prospective, blinded, multicenter study included patients with endoscopically active CD. Patients were scheduled for IC, MREC, IUS, PCE, and FC before and 12 weeks after treatment with corticosteroids or biological therapy. A ≥50% reduction of the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) with IC defined treatment response.

Results
Fifty patients completed the pre- and posttreatment evaluation with IC, and endoscopic response was achieved in 25 (50.0%). PCE was omitted in 12 (24.0%) patients because of stricturing CD. All activity scores decreased in patients achieving endoscopic response: The Simple Ultrasound Score for Crohn’s Disease 2.2 vs 6.1 (P &lt; .001), Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity 29.0 vs 37.1 (P = .05), SES-CD with PCE 3.1 vs 12.8 (P &lt; .001), and FC 115.3 vs 1339.9 mg/kg (P &lt; .001). The sensitivity and specificity of IUS, MREC, PCE, and FC were 80.0% (95% CI, 56.3-94.3)/77.8% (95% CI, 52.4-93.6), 65.2% (95% CI, 42.7-83.6)/87.0% (95% CI, 66.4-97.2), 87.5% (95% CI, 61.7-98.4)/86.7% (95% CI, 59.5-98.3), and 90.0% (95% CI, 68.3-98.8)/86.4% (95% CI, 65.1-97.1), respectively.

Conclusions
IUS and FC are equally effective for determining treatment response in patients with active CD. PCE is limited by the occurrence of strictures in this group of patients.
The Clinical Interpretation of Cluster Trials
Authors: Roshanov Pavel S , Zou Guangyong , Khanna Reena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cluster-randomized trials randomize entire groups of participants, instead of individual participants, to different treatment arms. For certain interventions (eg, institutional policies, processes of care, treatment algorithms), these designs protect against contamination between study arms. However, cluster trials are logistically complex to implement and have unique vulnerabilities that must be evaluated for accurate interpretation. Here, we provide a general overview of the design and statistical issues in cluster trials to facilitate their interpretation by clinicians.
Symptomatic and Sonographic Improvement of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Enterocolitis With Risankizumab
Authors: Mei Rena , Pepe Emily , Oh David Y , Tsai Katy K , Chugh Rishika , Kattah Michael G 
Published: November 2024

Lay Summary
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced (CPI) enterocolitis is a frequent complication of cancer immunotherapy. This case details the treatment of CPI enterocolitis with risankizumab (anti-IL23) and the use of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) to noninvasively monitor treatment response. This report is clinically relevant given the frequency of CPI enterocolitis and the expanding applications of IUS.
Mitigation measures for pinniped-fisheries interactions based on knowledge of animal behavior
Authors: Barrios-Guzmán Carmen , Sepúlveda Maritza , Crespo Enrique , Pavés Héctor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A rise in pinniped-fisheries interactions has been observed due to the global decline in fish populations primarily attributed to overfishing, and/or due to the recent population recovery of several pinniped species. Although many studies have quantified these interactions, a limited number delve into their behavioral aspects. We consulted 374 studies on pinniped-fisheries interactions from 1980 to 2020 and analyzed which of them addressed the interaction from a behavioral perspective. Additionally, we examined the role of learning in pinnipeds and their ability to capture prey from fishing gear. The stimulus-reward relationship in operational interactions was addressed in 51 (14%) studies, involving 10 (19%) of the world’s 54 pinniped species or subspecies. Depredation behavior (43%) and attack behavior (35%) were frequently reported during fishing interactions. Understanding associative and non-associative learning mechanisms has the potential to reduce economic losses from fishing activity, advance efficient mitigation measures to minimize conflicts, and establish pragmatic conservation priorities based on a better understanding of the behavioral aspects of these interactions. More research is needed to explore the effectiveness of deterrents in different species, improve methods of reducing habituation, and evaluate long-term behavioral effects, fostering effective strategies for minimizing conflicts and promoting coexistence between humans and pinnipeds.
Continuity of the Lyapunov Exponent for Analytic Multi-frequency Quasiperiodic Cocycles
Authors: Powell Matthew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is known that the Lyapunov exponent of analytic 1-frequency quasiperiodic cocycles is continuous in cocycle and, when the frequency is irrational, jointly in cocycle and frequency. In this paper, we extend a result of Bourgain to show the same continuity result for multifrequency quasiperiodic $M(2,\mathbb{C})$ cocycles. Our corollaries include applications to multifrequency Jacobi cocycles with periodic background potentials.
Phylogenomics of the major lineages of Bembidion and related ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini)
Authors: Pflug James M , Schmidt Joachim , Sproul John S , Weng Yi-Ming , Maruyama Munetoshi , Henrichs Brian , Everson Kathryn M , Maddison David R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bembidion Latreille (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is a genus of small ground beetles containing about 1,380 species. To test previous phylogenetic hypotheses about deeper lineages of Bembidion and near relatives, we recover and examine over 1,800 nuclear protein-coding loci from 33 species representing the main lineages of Bembidion, 10 species of other bembidiine genera, and 7 outgroups. We find that Bembidion exclusive of subgenus Phyla Motschulsky is monophyletic, and we reclassify Phyla as a separate genus. Within Bembidion we find 2 dominant clades, the Bembidion superseries (containing about 490 species in the subgenera Eupetedromus Netolitzky and Lindrochthus Maddison, the Philochthus Stephens complex, and the Bembidion series), and the Ocydromus Clairville superseries (containing almost all other Bembidion representing about 840 species). The only known lineages within Bembidion outside of these superseries are subgenus Hoquedela Müller-Motzfeld and the Desarmatocillenus Netolitzky complex, which combined contain less than 30 species. Most clades are insensitive to variations in analyses and hold up under different sets of taxa and loci, analyses at the nucleotide or amino acid levels, and different analytical methods (maximum likelihood, including posterior mean site frequency analyses, Bayesian analyses, invariant-based methods, and those that consider incomplete lineage sorting). Despite the clarity achieved in most aspects of the phylogeny, there are several unresolved regions, notably the relationships of Desarmatocillenus, Hoquedela, and Phyla to other bembidiines. A divergence dating analysis suggests that crown Bembidion is about 48 million years old (95% confidence intervals 40–58 Ma), and that the 2 large superseries are about 38 million years old (95% confidence intervals about 29–47 Ma).
Probiotic model for studying rhizosphere interactions of root exudates and the functional microbiome
Authors: Pang Zhiqiang , Xu Peng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Root exudates are important mediators of plant–microbiome interactions. Recent pioneering studies on various aerial root plants, including cereals, have shown that carbohydrate-rich mucilage can enrich diazotrophs and increase host nitrogen utilization and growth. Moreover, non-diazotrophic “gatekeeper” microorganisms in mucilage help defend against pathogenic and environmental microbes. These findings highlight the active role of root exudates in mediating plant–microbiome interactions to maintain microbial homeostasis in the rhizosphere. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms by which root exudates modulate the functional microbiome and homeostasis in rhizosphere microhabitats. Here, we propose the typical and stable biointeractions of four plant–specific aerial root mucilage–probiotic systems as a model for understanding root exudate–functional microbiome interaction. We anticipate that this model can provide fundamental biological insights into rhizosphere interactions.
High-Sensitivity and Conventional Cardiac Troponin-I Assays in AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Dodge Maura C , Prokaeva Tatiana , Mendelson Lisa , Joshi Tracy , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Kataria Yachana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Circulating cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) plays a crucial role in biomarker staging systems, offering important information for prognostification and risk stratification of patients with AL amyloidosis. High-sensitivity cTnI (HS-cTnI) assays have been introduced in practice; however, the data on the concordance between conventional and HS-cTnI and the utility of HS-cTnI in cardiac biomarker staging are lacking.

Methods
Seventy-eight consecutive patients with AL amyloidosis who were prospectively evaluated at the Boston University Amyloidosis Center from October 2022 through March 2023 were included. cTnI was measured using the Abbott Architect cTnI chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and HS-cTnI using the Abbott Alinity HS-cTnI CMIA assay. Assay results were compared by Deming regression and Bland–Altman analyses, and cardiac biomarker stages were assigned and compared using both assay results.

Results
Median cTnI and HS-cTnI concentrations were 13.0 and 7.0 ng/L, respectively. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated a negative bias with HS-cTnI results (mean percent difference between assays: −49.8%) and the greatest variance occurring below 50 ng/L. Deming regression supported this negative discordance (slope, 0.66; intercept, −1.9). The use of HS-cTnI assay downgraded cardiac biomarker staging assignments from stage IIIA to stage II (n = 3) and from stage IIIB to stage II (n = 1).

Conclusions
Overall agreement was demonstrated; however, a negative bias for HS-cTnI assay was noted at low concentrations. The application of the conventional cTnI threshold of &gt;100 ng/L to HS-cTnI-based Boston University cardiac staging showed a trend toward downgraded staging assignments. The prognostic utility of HS-cTnI assay in biomarker staging warrants further investigation in patients with AL amyloidosis.
Assessing the use of unstructured electronic health record data to identify exposure to firearm violence
Authors: Cook Nicole , Biel Frances M , Cartwright Natalie , Hoopes Megan , Al Bataineh Ali , Rivera Pedro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Research on firearm violence is largely limited to people who experienced acute bodily trauma and death which is readily gathered from Inpatient and Emergency Department settings and mortality data. Exposures to firearm violence, such as witnessing firearm violence or losing a loved one to firearm violence, are not routinely collected in health care. As a result, the true public health burden of firearm violence is underestimated. Clinical notes from electronic health records (EHRs) are a promising source of data that may expand our understanding of the impact of firearm violence on health. Pilot work was conducted on a sample of clinical notes to assess how firearm terms present in unstructured clinical notes as part of a larger initiative to develop a natural language processing (NLP) model to identify firearm exposure and injury in ambulatory care data.

Materials and Methods
We used EHR data from 2012 to 2022 from a large multistate network of primary care and behavioral health clinics. A text string search of broad, gun-only, and shooting terms was applied to 9,598 patients with either/both an ICD-10 or an OCHIN-developed structured data field indicating exposure to firearm violence. A sample of clinical notes from 90 patients was reviewed to ascertain the meaning of terms.

Results
Among the 90 clinical patient notes, 13 (14%) notes reflect documentation of exposure to firearm violence or injury from firearms. Results from this study identified refinements that should be considered for NLP text classification.

Conclusion
Unstructured clinical notes from primary and behavioral health clinics have potential to expand understanding of firearm violence.
Bacterial communities in Asecodes hispinarum (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and its host Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with comparison of Wolbachia dominance
Authors: Yang Sheng-Yuan , Lin Yu-Ying , Hao Zheng , Li Zi-Jie , Peng Zheng-Qiang , Jin Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The endoparasitoid Asecodes hispinarum (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) serves as an effective biological control agent against Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a notorious palm pest. Endosymbionts found in parasitoids and their hosts have attracted significant attention due to their substantial influence on biocontrol efficacy. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to assess the symbiotic bacteria composition, diversity, phylogeny, and localization in A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima. Our findings showed significant differences in the richness, diversity, and composition of symbiotic bacteria among different life stages of B. longissima. Notably, the bacterial richness, diversity, and composition of A. hispinarum was similar to that of B. longissima. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, while Wolbachia was the dominant genera across the parasitoid and host. It was discovered for the first time that Wolbachia was present in A. hispinarum with a high infection rate at ≥ 96.67%. Notably, the Wolbachia strain in A. hispinarum was placed in supergroup A, whereas it was categorized under supergroup B in B. longissima. Furthermore, Wolbachia is concentrated in the abdomen of A. hispinarum, with particularly high levels observed in the ovipositors of female adults. These findings highlight the composition and diversity of symbiotic bacteria in both A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima, providing a foundation for the development of population regulation strategies targeting B. longissima.
Resveratrol potentiates BCG-induced trained immunity in human monocytes
Authors: Bulut Ozlem , Baydemir Ilayda , Kilic Gizem , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Netea Mihai G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol derived from plants such as grapes and berries. In addition to its role in plants during injury and infection, various cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and longevity-promoting effects were reported in diverse model organisms. The primary target of resveratrol is the deacetylase Sirtuin 1, which regulates many immunological processes, including BCG-induced trained immunity response in humans. We, therefore, investigated the effect of resveratrol on trained immunity induced by BCG, β-glucan (BG), Candida albicans, or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Using an in vitro model of trained immunity with monocytes obtained from healthy donors, we demonstrate that resveratrol amplifies BCG-induced trained immunity regarding IL-6 and TNFα production after a secondary challenge. Although resveratrol did not improve and even limited glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species production, it enhanced the permissive epigenetic mark H3K27Ac on IL-6 and TNFα promoters. In contrast to BCG-induced trained immunity, resveratrol potently inhibited training induced by BG, C. albicans, oxLDL, and muramyl dipeptide, a peptidoglycan component of BCG. Resveratrol's unique boosting effect on BCG training depended on BCG being alive and metabolically active. These results suggest that resveratrol might amplify the effects of BCG vaccination, which should be mechanistically characterized further. In addition, resveratrol could alleviate oxLDL-induced training of innate immune cells in atherosclerosis, and in vivo studies of trained immunity combined with resveratrol are warranted to explore these therapeutic possibilities.
Piezo1 restrains proinflammatory response but is essential in T-cell–mediated immunopathology
Authors: Choi Sung Hee , Santin Alicia , Myers Jay T , Kim Byung-Gyu , Eid Saada , Tomchuck Suzanne L , Kingsley Daniel T , Huang Alex Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive, nonselective Ca2+ channel that is broadly expressed in CD4+ T cells. Using lineage-specific Piezo1 knockout mice (Piezo1cKO), we show that loss of Piezo1 in CD4+ T cells significantly increased IFNγ and IL-17 production in vitro under TH1 and TH17 polarizing conditions, respectively. Despite their intrinsic proinflammatory phenotype, Piezo1cKO T cells are incapable of establishing disease in vivo in 3 separate adoptive transfer T-cell–mediated inflammatory mouse models, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and graft-vs-host disease. These phenomena coincided with a decreased effector memory (CD44hiCD62Llo) CD4+ T-cell pool derived from donor Piezo1cKO T cells, an observation related to intrinsic T-cell fitness, as a cotransfer inflammatory bowel disease mouse model revealed a deficiency in the CD4+ effector memory population derived only from the naive Piezo1cKO but a not coinfused Piezo1WT CD4+ T-cell source. Taken together, our results support Piezo1 as restraining proinflammatory T-cell differentiation while contributing to the generation and persistence of the effector memory pool during CD4+ T-cell–mediated immunopathology.