bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjusting to life in a residential aged care facility: Perspectives of people with dementia, family members and facility care staff
Authors: Davison Tanya E. , Camões-Costa Vera , Clark Anna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine factors that facilitate or impede adjustment to residential aged care (RAC) from the perspectives of residents with dementia, families of residents with dementia and facility staff.BackgroundThe transition to a RAC facility can be highly stressful for people with dementia and their families, but we lack an understanding of how people with dementia experience this transition. Knowledge on adjustment to the new environment is essential in order to develop procedures and interventions that better support residents.Design and methodsThis study consisted of interviews with 12 residents with dementia who had resided at a RAC facility for six months or less; 14 family members of RAC residents with dementia; and 12 RAC facility staff members. Parallel interview schedules were constructed, with questions on the experience of relocating to RAC for a person with dementia and views on enablers and barriers to successful adjustment. Thematic analysis guided the analysis of data. The study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines (see Supplementary File S1).ResultsAdjustment to RAC appeared variable, with several residents reporting poor acceptance of their circumstances several months after the relocation. The three groups were largely congruent regarding the importance of support from families and staff, and the development of new relationships with other residents, but not all residents had succeeded in forming friendships. The provision of meaningful activities and opportunities to exert autonomy day‐to‐day were seen as critical, but staff experienced challenges in providing individualised care due to lack of dedicated time to engage with residents.Conclusion and relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for evaluated interventions to help people with dementia to successfully transition to RAC. Attention should be paid to the way in which care is coordinated within the RAC sector, to enable staff to provide individualised approaches to facilitate adjustment.
What Is “Quiet” About the New Eugenics?
Authors: Carlson Licia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this response to “The Quiet Progress of the New Eugenics,” I explore the nature of the silences surrounding practices aimed at ending the lives of people with IDD. Taking as a point of departure philosopher Michel Foucault's claim that silence can be productive, and that it is intimately connected to various strategies and power relations that govern discourse, I ask: What silences and absences permeate these fields of inquiry, techniques, and technologies? Whose voices are heard and with what authority? And, how do the authors reveal and break these silences and make room for more voices? I begin by identifying the ways that the authors unmask the connections between these practices and the “old’ eugenics and reveal the underlying assumption that the lives of people of IDD are of poor quality. I then explore three groups whose voices have been silenced or absent: people with IDD who can speak for themselves; people with IDD and other cognitive disabilities who are unable to speak for themselves; and those who are closely connected to people with IDD. I conclude by pointing to further questions and distinctions that are important to address when evaluating and responding to practices aimed at ending the lives of people with IDD.
The New Eugenics and Human Progress
Authors: Brown Ivan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman progress has occurred throughout human existence. It is typically regarded as a positive thing in as much as it proceeds on the basis of, and results in, changes to the human condition that we value. Thus, changes associated with progress occur since they are judged, using current moral standards, to be “good” things and the “right” things to do. Eugenics, the practice of purposely bettering society by influencing its genetic makeup, was a philosophical and practical tool used by leaders of European societies and the countries under their influence during the final two decades of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. This was not entirely a new idea, however, as ways of purposely manipulating genetics of plants, animals, and humans have been practiced before recorded human history. The practice of eugenics went “too far” by Nazis during World War II for international moral standards and was quickly abandoned in favor of an international emphasis on human rights. Still, eugenics practices continued and continue to the current time. Today, we are faced with the question of whether or not this is a prudent path to follow, especially given that progress in medical and genetic fields is expanding at a very rapid pace. It is suggested here that rapid progress in these areas in the future may make any current practices of the new eugenic not only outdated, but also irrelevant. Thus, it seems unwise to follow new eugenics practices in a whole‐hearted way.
Haematologic toxicity in dogs with mast cell tumours treated with vinblastine/prednisolone chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy
Authors: Stiborova K. , Treggiari E. , Amores‐Fuster I. , del Busto I. , Killick D. , Maddox T. , Marrington M. , Mason S. L. , Blackwood L. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo determine whether dogs with surgically excised mast cell tumours receiving a vinblastine/prednisolone chemotherapy protocol in combination with radiation therapy are at greater risk of myelosuppression than patients receiving the chemotherapy protocol alone.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of clinical records of dogs with mast cell tumours that, subsequent to surgical excision, had received combination vinblasine/prednisolone chemotherapy. Dogs were assigned to two groups: those treated with adjunctive radiotherapy and vinblastine/prednisolone (RT group) and those treated with surgery followed by vinblastine/prednisolone alone (control group). Haematology results were compared between groups.ResultsForty‐three cases and 43 controls of similar breed, age and bodyweight were included. Concurrent radiation and vinblastine chemotherapy did not appear to increase the risk of neutropenia, which was observed in 18.6 and 23.2% of cases in the RT and control groups, respectively.Clinical SignificanceRadiation and vinblastine chemotherapy can be safely combined in dogs with mast cell tumours without increasing the risk of clinically important myelosuppression.
GWAS identifying HLA‐DPB1 gene variants associated with responsiveness to hepatitis B virus vaccination in Koreans: Independent association of HLA‐DPB1*04:02 possessing rs1042169 G ‐ rs9277355 C ‐ rs9277356 A
Authors: Chung Soie , Roh Eun Youn , Park Boram , Lee Yunhwan , Shin Sue , Yoon Jong Hyun , Song Eun Young 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, HLA class II loci, including HLA‐DPB1, have been reported to be associated with interindividual variance in the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine response. In this study, we investigated significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for anti‐HBs antibody levels in 6867 healthy Koreans using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). In GWAS, the top 20 SNPs that showed significant association with anti‐HBs levels (P < 1.0 × 10−29) all resided in HLA‐DPB1. Utilizing PCR sequencing, we verified the relationship of the top 3 most significant SNPs (rs1042169, rs9277355 and rs9277356) from the GWAS and genotypes of HLA‐DPB1 with the HB vaccine response in Korean infants who received a scheduled vaccination. The DPB1*04:02 allele has G, C and A nucleotides for the 3SNP sites, and was significantly more frequent in responders than in nonresponders (10.9% vs 1.0%, Pc = 0.018). DPB1*05:01 was significantly more frequent in nonresponders than in responders (49.0% vs 31.1%, Pc = 0.018). In multivariate logistic regression, DPB1*04:02 showed a significant association with both vaccine response (P = 0.037, OR = 8.465) and high‐titre response (P = 0.027, OR = 9.860). The haplotypes rs1042169 G ‐ rs9277355 C ‐ rs9277356 A showed a significant association with a high‐titre response only (P = 0.002, OR = 2.941). In conclusion, DPB1*04:02 possessing rs1042169 G ‐ rs9277355 C ‐ rs9277356 A is an independent predictor of the HB vaccine response in Koreans.
Direct‐acting antivirals for HCV treatment in older patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Villani Rosanna , Monami Matteo , Di Cosimo Francesca , Fioravanti Gilda , Mannucci Edoardo , Vendemiale Gianluigi , Serviddio Gaetano 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe advent of highly effective and well‐tolerated direct antiviral antivirals (DAAs) has dramatically changed the landscape of chronic hepatitis C. The effect of DAAs in older adults is difficult to determine since patients aged ≥ 65 years were too few in most clinical trials and data mainly come from observational studies. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAAs in patients aged 65 and older. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, HCV‐Trials.com databases were searched for literature published until 1 December 2017. English language articles reporting results of phase 2 or 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), single‐arm clinical trials (SATs) and observational studies were included in the final analysis. All studies included subgroups of older patients and compared their outcomes with younger individuals. By using a random‐effects or fixed‐effects model, odds ratio (OR) was calculated for the efficacy and safety. Heterogeneity was tested using I2 statistics. Thirty‐seven studies reported data on the DAA efficacy. The OR was 1.66 (95%CI: 1.00‐2.75; P = 0.06) in meta‐analysis of RCTs, and similar results were found in SATs and observational studies. HCV genotype, stage of fibrosis or HIV co‐infection did not affect the rate of SVR in older persons. Prevalence of anaemia (OR 0.26 95%CI: 0.09‐0.69; P = 0.007) (OR 0.25 95%CI: 0.09‐0.69; P = 0.007) and skin complaints (OR 0.61 95%CI: 0.45‐0.83; P = 0.001) was higher in older adults. Finally, geriatric patients affected by chronic HCV infection can be safely treated with DAAs with the same efficacy reported in younger adults.
Discovery of a bone‐like blood particle in the peripheral circulation of humans and rodents
Authors: Prisby Rhonda , Ross Jean , Opdenaker Lynn , McLane Mary Ann , Lee Seungyong , Sun Xiangle , Guderian Sophie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize ossified bone marrow blood vessels and confirm the presence of ossified particles (OSP) in humans and rodents.MethodsHuman bone marrow blood vessels were processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Whole blood samples were collected from younger (26‐39 years; n = 6) and older (55‐63 years; n = 6) volunteers and male Fischer‐344 rats (1 month, n = 7; 6 months, n = 7; 12 months, n = 7; 18‐months, n = 6; 24 months, n = 8). OSP in the whole blood samples were sorted and imaged with microscopy to determine diameter, circularity, and solidity. Additionally, the chemical composition of OSP was determined via elemental analysis.ResultsSEM revealed two types of ossified bone marrow blood vessels: that is, “transitioning” and “ossified.” OSP were adhered to the surface of transitioning vessels and theoretically gain access to and circulate within the blood. The majority of OSP were ≤15 μm in diameter, but many were of sufficient size to serve as emboli (ie, >15 μm).OSP were predominately oblong in shape and several had jagged tips and edges.ConclusionsWe introduce a novel, bone‐like blood particle that may be diagnostic of bone marrow blood vessel ossification. Further, OSP may associate with several disease states (eg, atherosclerosis).
Leaf reflectance spectroscopy captures variation in carboxylation capacity across species, canopy environment and leaf age in lowland moist tropical forests
Authors: Wu Jin , Rogers Alistair , Albert Loren P. , Ely Kim , Prohaska Neill , Wolfe Brett T. , Oliveira Raimundo Cosme , Saleska Scott R. , Serbin Shawn P. 
Published: June 2019

Summary

Understanding the pronounced seasonal and spatial variation in leaf carboxylation capacity (Vc,max) is critical for determining terrestrial carbon cycling in tropical forests. However, an efficient and scalable approach for predicting Vc,max is still lacking.

Here the ability of leaf spectroscopy for rapid estimation of Vc,max was tested. Vc,max was estimated using traditional gas exchange methods, and measured reflectance spectra and leaf age in leaves sampled from tropical forests in Panama and Brazil. These data were used to build a model to predict Vc,max from leaf spectra.

The results demonstrated that leaf spectroscopy accurately predicts Vc,max of mature leaves in Panamanian tropical forests (R2 = 0.90). However, this single‐age model required recalibration when applied to broader leaf demographic classes (i.e. immature leaves). Combined use of spectroscopy models for Vc,max and leaf age enabled construction of the Vc,max–age relationship solely from leaf spectra, which agreed with field observations. This suggests that the spectroscopy technique can capture the seasonal variability in Vc,max, assuming sufficient sampling across diverse species, leaf ages and canopy environments.

This finding will aid development of remote sensing approaches that can be used to characterize Vc,max in moist tropical forests and enable an efficient means to parameterize and evaluate terrestrial biosphere models.
Generating political commitment for ending malnutrition in all its forms: A system dynamics approach for strengthening nutrition actor networks
Authors: Baker Phillip , Brown Andrew D. , Wingrove Kate , Allender Steve , Walls Helen , Cullerton Katherine , Lee Amanda , Demaio Alessandro , Lawrence Mark 
Published: June 2019

SummaryGenerating political commitment for ending all forms of malnutrition represents a key challenge for the global nutrition community. Without commitment, the policies, programs, and resources needed to improve nutrition are unlikely to be adopted, effectively implemented, nor sustained. One essential driver of commitment is nutrition actor network (NAN) effectiveness, the web of individuals and organizations operating within a given country who share a common interest in improving nutrition and who act collectively to do so. To inform new thinking and action towards strengthening NAN effectiveness, we use a systems dynamics theoretical approach and literature review to build initial causal loop diagrams (CLDs) of political commitment and NAN effectiveness and a qualitative group model building (GMB) method involving an expert workshop to strengthen model validity. First, a “nutrition commitment system” CLD demonstrates how five interrelated forms of commitment—rhetorical, institutional, operational, embedded, and system‐wide—can dynamically reinforce or diminish one another over time. Second, we present CLDs demonstrating factors shaping NAN effectiveness organized into three categories: actor features, resources, and capacities; framing strategies, evidence, and norms; and institutional, political, and societal contexts. Together, these models generate hypotheses on how political commitment and NAN effectiveness could be strengthened in future and may provide potential starting points for country‐specific conversations for doing so.
Comparative Analysis of Early Follow‐up of Biologic Fixation and Cemented Stem Fixation for Femoral Tumor Prosthesis
Authors: Li Yuan , Sun Yang , Shan Hua‐chao , Niu Xiao‐hui 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the safety and efficacy between biologic fixation and traditional cement stems for the fixation of distal femoral prostheses for reconstruction following tumor resection.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed of patients who received a first distal femoral tumor prosthesis, with a rotating hinge, in the Department of Orthopaedic Oncology of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between October 2011 and January 2016. Two hundred and sixty eligible cases were enrolled, with a cemented fixation used in 199 of these cases and a biologic fixation in 61 cases. Survival rates and survival time of prostheses were analyzed, with prosthetic failure considered as the endpoint event for survival time of the prosthesis. Kaplan–Meier survival curve and the log‐rank test were used to compare survival rates between the two types of fixation methods, and factors that may affect the survival rate of prosthesis were evaluated.ResultsOf the 260 cases forming our study group, 138 were males and 122 females, with 102 males and 97 females in the cemented fixation group (mean age, 25.8 years; range, 8–72 years) and 36 males and 25 females in the biologic fixation group (mean age, 25.5 years; range, 12–59 years). Osteosarcoma was the most common type of tumor (188 cases, 72.3%), of which 145 cases (72.9%) were in the cemented and 45 cases (72.1%) in the biologic fixation group. Among the 260 cases enrolled into the study group, 13 patients were lost to follow‐up. The average duration of follow‐up for the remaining 247 cases was 28.8 months (median, 28.8 months; range, 4–61 months). The 3‐year overall survival rate of prostheses was 87.2% for the biologic fixation group and 80.4% in the cemented fixation group (P = 0.389). The 3‐year mechanical survival rate (excluding cases of infection and oncologic progression) was 100% for the biologic fixation and 97.6% for the cemented fixation group (P = 0.468). Complications were identified in 21 cases: 3 cases (5%) in the biologic and 18 cases (9.6%) in the cemented fixation group (P = 0.264). Two revisions were required in the cemented fixation group, but no revision was required in the biologic fixation group. A total of 10 patients required amputation after prosthesis implantation. Of these, 7 cases (4 cement and 3 biologic) were due to tumor recurrence; 3 cases were due to infection, with all cases occurring in the cement fixation group.ConclusionThe current study provides a baseline reference for future mid‐term to long‐term follow‐up, laying the foundation for further studies and comparison of the incidence of aseptic loosening of both types of prosthesis.
Intra‐Observer and Inter‐Observer Reliability of Shaft Condylar Angle and Lateral Capitellohumeral Angle: Evaluation Based on Reliability in Different Ages and Levels of Experience
Authors: Musikachart Piyanuch , Ariyawatkul Thanase , Wongcharoenwatana Jidapa , Piamthipmanas Tananthorn , Chanchoo Suchitphon , Eamsobhana Perajit 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe aims of this paper were: (i) to examine the intra‐observer and inter‐observer reliability of the shaft‐condylar angle (SCA) and the lateral capitellohumeral angle (LCHA); (ii) to study the influence of experience level on the inter‐observer and intra‐observer reliability; and (iii) to determine the influence of the the age of the patients on reliability.MethodA retrospective cohort study was conducted. The study reviewed 81 elbow radiographs. The patients were aged between 2 and 13 years. All the images taken between 2000 and 2017 were independently measured by a senior pediatric orthopaedic surgeon, a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon, a pediatric orthopaedic fellow, an orthopaedic chief resident, a general practitioner, and a pediatric orthopaedic research assistant. Measurement was performed two times within a 2‐week interval. Inexperienced observers (general practitioner and research assistant) were supervised by senior pediatric orthopaedic surgeons for at least 30 radiographs before performing the measurement. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) age 2–13 years; and (ii) no previous elbow fracture. Exclusion criteria: elbow radiographs do not show true lateral view. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to calculate the reliability.ResultsThe mean values of SCA and LCHA were 43° and 48°, respectively. For SCA, intra‐observer reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.85) for one observer, good (range = 0.73–0.76) for three observers, and moderate (0.59) for one observer. Inter‐observer reliability was moderate (0.48, 0.58), whereas the reliability categorized by age group showed excellent agreement (0.88–0.94). For LCHA, intra‐observer reliability was excellent (0.84–0.89) for three observers and good (0.66–0.80) for two observers. Inter‐observer reliability was moderate (0.44–0.45). Conversely, the reliability classified by age group showed excellent agreement (0.83–0.91).ConclusionIntra‐observer reliability for LCHA and SCA were excellent to good for most observers. Inter‐observer reliability was moderate for LCHA and SCA. Reliability classified by age group showed excellent to good agreement. Reliability was influenced by the level of experience, especially for non‐medical staff.
Reflective structured dialogue: A conversation with 2018 American Academy of Religion excellence in teaching award winner Jill DeTemple
Authors: DeTemple Jill , Gallagher Eugene V. , Pui Lan Kwok , Pearson Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis conversation between the 2018 American Academy of Religion Excellence in Teaching Award winner Jill DeTemple and the editors of Teaching Theology and Religion continues an occasional series of interviews that has previously featured Jonathan Z. Smith, Stephen Prothero, Mary Pierce Brosmer, Mary Elizabeth Mullino Moore, and two previous AAR Teaching Award Winners, Joanne Maguire and Lynn Neal. After initial discussion about teaching the intro course we launch into a long discussion of “Reflective Structured Dialogue” – an effective teaching technique for staging contentious conversations, building trust and understanding, and a dialogic culture of curiosity.