bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anorexia nervosa-specific home treatment in children and adolescents and their families (the HoT study): a study protocol of a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label, parallel group superiority trial
Authors: Dahmen Brigitte , Zielinski-Gussen Ingar , Föcker Manuel , Hahn Freia , Legenbauer Tanja , Thiemann Ulf , Dempfle Astrid , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background

New treatment approaches are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). Recently, the feasibility of multidisciplinary home treatment that strongly involves the patients’ parents/caregivers has been investigated. However, no RCT has yet been performed to test the efficacy and safety of this approach compared to standard treatment approaches, such as inpatient treatment.

Methods
In this multicenter randomized-controlled trial, home treatment for children and adolescents with AN aged 12 to 18 years is established at 5 major treatment centers for AN in Germany. Approximately 240 patients who are admitted to the hospital for AN will be included in the trial. After a short inpatient somatic stabilization phase (5–8 weeks), patients are randomized to receive either treatment as usual (TAU), in the form of continued inpatient or day patient treatment, or the newly developed home treatment (HoT) (n = 82/arm, n = 164 in total). There are three assessments throughout treatment (admission, randomization, and discharge), as well as follow-up assessments at 9 and 12 months after admission. The BMI at 12 months after admission (primary outcome) is compared between groups (adjusted for premorbid BMI and admission BMI); secondary outcomes include eating disorder and general psychopathology, the number and duration of psychiatric rehospitalizations, quality of life, motivation for treatment and treatment satisfaction. Other secondary outcomes include the primary caregivers’ burden and skills in handling the child’s illness and direct treatment costs. Statistical analysis will be based on intention-to-treat principles, using mixed models for repeated measures. (Serious) adverse events are assessed throughout treatment. In addition, the feasibility and implementation of HoT as well as the satisfaction and workload of the members of the multidisciplinary treatment teams in both arms will be assessed.

Discussion
In the case of a positive evaluation, HoT can be considered an effective treatment method to replace or complete established treatment methods, such as IP, for treating AN in children and adolescents. The home treatment setting might shorten inpatient stays in this patient group, increase treatment satisfaction, and help to reduce the risk of rehospitalization, which is associated with a better outcome in this vulnerable patient group.

Trial registration
The trial was registered with the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) under the ID DRKS00025925 on November 26, 2021 (prospectively registered): https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00025925.
High-throughput screening for optimizing adoptive T cell therapies
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Xu Qinglong , Gao Zhifei , Zhang Honghao , Xie Xiaoling , Li Meifang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdoptive T cell therapy is a pivotal strategy in cancer immunotherapy, demonstrating potent clinical efficacy. However, its limited durability often results in primary resistance. High-throughput screening technologies, which include both genetic and non-genetic approaches, facilitate the optimization of adoptive T cell therapies by enabling the selection of biologically significant targets or substances from extensive libraries. In this review, we examine advancements in high-throughput screening technologies and their applications in adoptive T cell therapies. We highlight the use of genetic screening for T cells, tumor cells, and other promising combination strategies, and elucidate the role of non-genetic screening in identifying small molecules and targeted delivery systems relevant to adoptive T cell therapies, providing guidance for future research and clinical applications.
Global burden associated with rare infectious diseases of poverty in 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Bao Yujia , Li Yongxuan , Zhou Yibin , Qiang Ne , Li Tianyun , Zhang Yuzheng , Chong Marc K. C. , Zhao Shi , Deng Xiaobei , Zhang Xiaoxi , Han Lefei , Ran Jinjun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Rare infectious diseases of poverty (rIDPs) involve more than hundreds of tropical diseases, which dominantly affect people living in impoverished and marginalized regions and fail to be prioritized in the global health agenda. The neglect of rIDPs could impede the progress toward sustainable development. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of rIDPs in 2021, which would be pivotal for setting intervention priorities and mobilizing resources globally.

Methods
Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the study reported both numbers and age-standardized rates of prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years lived with disability, and years of life lost of rIDPs with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) at global, regional, and national levels. The temporal trends between 1990 and 2021 were assessed by the joinpoint regression analysis. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to project the disease burden for 2050.

Results
In 2021, there were 103.76 million (95% UI: 102.13, 105.44 million) global population suffered from rIDPs with an age-standardized DALY rate of 58.44 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 42.92, 77.26 per 100,000 population). From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized DALY rates showed an average annual percentage change of − 0.16% (95% confidence interval: − 0.22, − 0.11%). Higher age-standardized DALY rates were dominated in sub-Saharan Africa (126.35 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 91.04, 161.73 per 100,000 population), South Asia (80.80 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 57.31, 114.10 per 100,000 population), and countries with a low socio-demographic index. There was age heterogeneity in the DALY rates of rIDPs, with the population aged under 15 years being the most predominant. Females aged 15–49 years had four-times higher age-standardized DALY rates of rIDPs than males in the same age. The projections indicated a slight reduction in the disease burden of rIDPs by 2050.

Conclusions
There has been a slight reduction in the disease burden of rIDPs over the past three decades. Given that rIDPs mainly affect populations in impoverished regions, targeted health strategies and resource allocation are in great demand for these populations to further control rIDPs and end poverty in all its forms everywhere.

Graphical Abstract
One-year impact of behavioural interventions on schistosomiasis-related knowledge, attitude and practices of primary schoolchildren in Pemba, Tanzania
Authors: Ndum Naomi C. , Trippler Lydia , Najim Sarah O. , Ali Anisa S. , Hattendorf Jan , Ame Shaali M. , Kabole Fatma , Utzinger Jürg , Ali Said M. , Knopp Stefanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem and interruption of transmission in selected areas are goals set by the World Health Organization for 2030. Behaviour change communication (BCC), coupled with other interventions, is considered an essential measure to reduce the transmission of Schistosoma infection. Focusing on elimination, we assessed the 1-year impact of BCC interventions on schistosomiasis-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of schoolchildren in hotspot schools versus low-prevalence schools that did not receive the interventions.

Methods
School-based cross-sectional surveys were implemented in 16 schools on Pemba Island, Tanzania, in 2020 and 2022, respectively. The schistosomiasis-related KAP were assessed in children attending grades 3–5, using pre-tested questionnaires. Between the surveys, in 2021, children from hotspot schools were exposed to BCC interventions. The difference in mean knowledge and attitude scores, respectively, between schoolchildren from hotspot and low-prevalence schools during the survey in 2022 was determined with a linear mixed-effect model.

Results
In the five hotspot schools that received BCC interventions, 315 children participated in the survey in 2020 and 349 in 2022. There was a 21.0% increase in children with moderate knowledge and a 13.8% decrease in no knowledge; a 8.3% increase in good attitude and a 19.2% decrease in poor attitude; 3.4% and 3.2% fewer children reported to use waterbodies for washing clothes or body, respectively. In the 11 low-prevalence schools without BCC interventions, 778 children participated in 2020 and 732 in 2022. The percentage of children with poor knowledge (56.4% and 63.1%) and poor attitude (55.3% and 53.1%) remained relatively stable from 2020 to 2022, but 4.9% and 3.0% less children reported to use waterbodies for washing clothes or their body, respectively. In 2022, the difference in mean knowledge scores was 0.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5−1.1] and the difference in mean attitude scores was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4−0.7) between children in hotspot compared with low-prevalence schools.

Conclusions
After one year of implementation, the BCC interventions markedly improved the KAP of exposed children. Complemented by improved access to clean water and sanitation, BCC holds promise to contribute successfully to the achievement of schistosomiasis control and elimination targets.
Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN91431493. Registered 11 February. 2020, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91431493.

Graphical Abstract
Research on the design and image perception of cultural landscapes based on digital roaming technology
Authors: Lin Zhengsong , Yang Ziqian , Yuan Jihui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The preservation and advancement of cultural heritage continue to present significant challenges, arising from conflicting objectives, concepts, methodologies, and limited resources. Image perception not only serves as an observational tool for cultural heritage but also as a research method to uncover deeper meanings and implications. To explore the complex dynamics of cultural heritage and address the risks of its deterioration, this study employed virtual engine software (Unity 2019) to create digital landscapes for immersive exploration. An image perception evaluation framework was established through field surveys and behavioral synthesis experiments across five key areas, including ancient tree ecosystems and architectural sites. Our findings revealed that participants showed the greatest interest in the ancient tree ecological area, indicating a strong attachment to historical continuity and natural progression. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis further demonstrated that participants experienced positive emotional responses, suggesting that well-designed cultural landscapes can enhance mental well-being and uplift mood. Additionally, participants expressed a strong willingness to discuss the ancient tree eco-region, with image perception playing a crucial role in motivating information sharing and driving conservation efforts. This study introduces an innovative model—Design Practice, Immersive Experience, and Image Perception Evaluation—which offers a new perspective for the preservation and enhancement of cultural heritage sites.
Scanning electron microscopy, morphometric and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis of cephalothoracic structures exploring defensive and sensory features in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus Spence Bate, 1888)
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A. M. , El-Gendy Samir A. A. , Abd-Elhafeez Hanan H. , Soliman Soha , Erasha Atef , Ali Safwat , Roshdy Karam , Rashwan Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) is a commercially important crustacean and a valuable global food source. This study employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the morphology and morphometric features of the Marsupenaeus japonicus cephalothoracic structures, including antennules, antennas, scaphocerite, rostrums, and eye stalks. The primary focus was on understanding the role of each part, especially through the examination of setae, which are crucial for chemoreception and defense. Additionally, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was utilized to identify the elemental composition of these structures.

Material and methods
The samples from the heads of fifteen Marsupenaeus japonicus were studied by gross morphology and morphometry, SEM, and EDX analysis. This study is the first to integrate both SEM and EDX techniques for a detailed analysis of these cephalothoracic structures, offering an innovative approach to understanding both morphological and elemental characteristics.

Results
Marsupenaeus japonicus exhibited two antennules and two antennae. The antenna featured four basal segments: basicerite, ischiocerite, merocerite, and carpocerite, each with distinctive articulations and setae distribution. The antennule, with three segments covered by plumose setae, displayed curved cone-shaped flagellae. The scaphocerite, resembling a paddle, showcased plumose setae, while the rostrum exhibited dorsal and ventral spines, lateral grooves, and unique setal arrangements. Setal measurements across structures revealed diverse lengths and widths, indicating functional specialization. The compound eyes were connected to an optic stalk adorned with plumose setae. EDX analysis revealed higher percentages of calcium and phosphorus in the spear-like structures of the scaphocerite, rostrum, and antenna, respectively.

Conclusion
This investigation provides a thorough examination of the intricate morphological features of the cephalothoracic region of Marsupenaeus japonicus, shedding light on its sensory and defensive capabilities. The novel application of both SEM and EDX not only deepens our insights into these structures but also lays the groundwork for future studies using this dual approach to explore crustacean morphology, with potential advantages for sustainable aquaculture and the conservation of marine ecosystems.
Modified poly-L-lysine for use as a clearing agent in pretargeted radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Timperanza Chiara , Gustafsson-Lutz Anna , Bäck Tom , Green Damian J. , Lindegren Sture , Aneheim Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy of cancer has the potential to increase tumor specific uptake of activity when compared with conventional radioimmunotherapy. This is especially true in radioimmunotherapy with nuclides that exhibit a relatively short half-life. When administering antibody-based pretargeting molecules systemically, the antibodies often show a relatively slow clearance from the blood. Therefore, the use of a clearing agent is advantageous to remove unbound pretargeting molecules from the circulation, facilitating a reduction in the nonspecific radiation exposure to normal tissue while maximizing the dose delivered to the tumors.

Results
In the current study, two types of poly-L-lysine based clearing agents were produced for two different pretargeting systems: (strept)avidin/biotin and Tetrazine/Transcyclooctene. Poly-L-lysine was used as scaffold for production of clearing agents. The polymer is available in multiple sizes and can readily be modified with several functional groups, allowing different pretargeting strategies to be used. In vivo evaluation of the biotin-functionalized poly-L-lysine clearing agent, 110 repeating units, resulted in a decrease in blood concentration of the Iodine-125 labeled pretargeting agent of 50%, circa 23 h after injection, compared to controls. Two sizes, 68 and 143 repeating units, of the tetrazine-functionalized poly-L-lysine clearing agent were also evaluated, which at 23 h after injection decreased the blood concentration of the Iodine-125 labeled pretargeting agent to 58 and 38% respectively.

Conclusion
The straightforward synthesis of poly-L-lysine based clearing agents makes kit preparation possible and these agents show good potential for further evaluation, especially within the Tetrazine/Transcyclooctene pretargeting system where no liver or kidney accumulation was observed.
Impact of integrating traditional care with the modern healthcare system in reducing tuberculosis diagnosis delays in Ethiopia: a clustered randomized controlled study
Authors: Amare Desalegne , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Ambaw Fentie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Diagnosis and treatment initiation delays for tuberculosis (TB) are significant challenges in resource-limited settings. These delays can result in poor treatment outcomes, disease transmission, and increased costs. This study aimed to assess the effect of integrating traditional care with modern healthcare systems on reducing TB diagnosis delay.

Methods
A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among TB patients, with 510 participants, 255 individuals were assigned to the intervention group and 255 to the control group. Training in the intervention group was provided for both traditional and modern healthcare providers in three rounds to enhance their knowledge, attitudes, and skills in TB screening and referral. A non-parametric independent sample test was used to compare the baseline and end-line data. The effect size was determined using Cohen’s d. To account for individual and cluster-level variations, a mixed-effect parametric survival model was employed. Furthermore, conditional (fixed only) and marginal (random effects) graphs were used to compare between the intervention and control groups.

Results
A total of 510 participants were included in the baseline study, with a similar number of participants included in the endline study. In the intervention group, the delay in diagnosis was 4.185 per 1000 person-days post-intervention, compared to 4.608 per 1000 person-days pre-intervention. In the control group, the delay for diagnosis was 4.759 per 1000 person-days pre-intervention and 5.031 per 1000 person-days post-intervention. The median time to diagnosis was 135 days. The non-parametric comparison showed that the intervention significantly reduced patient delays in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.006), with a Cohen's d effect size of 0.246. The intervention also significantly reduced diagnosis delay in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.036), with a Cohen's d effect size of 0.187. The diagnosis of TB was accelerated by 1.076 times due to the integration of traditional care with the modern healthcare system in the intervention group compared to the control group (δ: 1.076; 95% CI 1.021, 1.134).

Conclusions
The involvement of traditional care providers in TB control programs significantly reduced diagnosis delays in Ethiopia. These findings suggest the need for integrating traditional care with modern healthcare systems for the effective prevention of TB in high-burden countries.
Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05236452.
Mapping lymphatic filariasis morbidities in 24 endemic districts of Ethiopia through the health extension program
Authors: Bisrat Haileleuel , Hailekiros Fikre , Mitiku Mebratu , Mengiste Asrat , Mekonnon Merga , Seife Fikre , Oljira Birhanu , Terefe Haileyesus , Bekele Tamrat , Manyazewal Tsegahun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The primary strategy for achieving the second goal of the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP), aimed at alleviating the suffering of affected populations. A significant challenge in many LF-endemic areas is the effective registration and identification of individuals with LF, which is crucial for planning and ensuring access to MMDP services. This study seeks to map the geographical distribution of LF-related morbidities across 24 endemic districts in Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to identify individuals affected by LF in 24 endemic districts using primary health care units (PHCUs). The study involved 946 trained health extension workers (HEWs) conducting house-to-house visits to identify and register cases of lymphedema and hydrocele, with support from 77 trained supervisors and 87 team leaders coordinating the morbidity mapping. Certified surgeons performed confirmatory evaluations through clinical assessments on a randomly selected sample of cases to validate HEW diagnoses, ensuring accurate identification of lymphedema and hydrocele. Statistical analysis of the data, including the severity of lymphedema and acute attacks, was conducted using STATA 17.

Results
This study involved 300,000 households with nearly 1.2 million individuals, leading to the identification of 15,527 LF cases—14,946 (96.3%) with limb lymphedema and 581 (3.7%) with hydrocele. Among those with lymphedema, 8396 (54.1%) were women. Additionally, 13,731 (88.4%) patients resided in rural areas. Of the 14,591 cases whose acute attack information was recorded, 10,710 (73.4%) reported experiencing at least one acute attack related to their lymphedema in the past 6 months, with a notable percentage of males (74.5%; n = 4981/6686). Among the 12,680 recorded cases of leg lymphedema, the percentage of acute attacks increased with severity: 64% (n = 5618) mild cases, 68% (n = 5169) moderate cases and 70% (n = 1893) severe cases.

Conclusion
This study successfully mapped the geographical distribution of LF morbidities across 24 LF-endemic districts in Ethiopia, identifying a substantial number of lymphedema and hydrocele cases, particularly in rural areas where healthcare access is limited. The findings underscore the potential of Ethiopia’s health extension program to identify affected individuals and ensure they receive necessary care. The findings inform targeted interventions and access to MMDP services, contributing to Ethiopia’s goal of eliminating LF by 2027.
Different facets of age perception in people with developmental prosopagnosia and “super-recognisers”
Authors: Attard-Johnson Janice , Dark Olivia , Murray Ebony , Bate Sarah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe interplay between facial age and facial identity is evident from several scenarios experienced in daily life, such as when recognising a face several decades after the last exposure. However, the link between age and identity processing, and how age perception abilities might diverge in individuals with different face processing abilities, has scarcely been considered. Furthermore, the approach used to test age perception ability may also influence outcome, but the effect of different paradigms on performance is not yet known. Across three studies, we compare super-recognisers (SRs), people with developmental prosopagnosia (DPs), and a group of neurotypical controls, on three age perception paradigms. There were no differences on the numeric age estimation task (i.e. providing precise age estimates for a series of faces; Study 1), and numeric age estimation task with added noise-distortion to stimuli (Study 2). However, SRs were more accurate when instructed to classify ambient faces as either over- or under- the age of 18 compared to both DPs and controls (Study 3). Thus, there may be nuanced differences in age processing which can be tapped into using separate paradigms; however, given that the difference is only with SRs it remains unclear to what extent these are linked to facial identity processing.