bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of diarrheal and its associated factors among children aged under-five years in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebrerufael Gebru Gebremeskel , Welegebrial Brhane Gebrehiwot , Berhie Kidanemariam Alem , Hagos Bsrat Tesfay , Teklezgi Mehari Gebre 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiarrhea is a major health problem in Ethiopia, and the Amhara Regional State is experiencing the highest prevalence rate of diarrhea. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and risk factors attributed to diarrhea among children under-five in the Amhara Regional State. The study employed descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the main statistically significant associated factors of diarrhea using Stata version 14. The overall prevalence rate of experiencing diarrhea was 17.7% [95% CI: 15.4, 20.2] in the Amhara Regional State. The multivariable logistic regression model analysis indicated that the risk factors are fourth and above birth order [AOR = 2.95, 95% CI (1.483, 5.85)], gender of child (being male) [AOR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.144, 2.41)], no education level of mother’s [AOR = 4.7, 95% CI (1.01, 22.0)], being age of child 7–11 [AOR = 3.33, 95% CI (1.58, 7.01)] and 12–23 month [AOR = 2.17, 95% CI (1.11, 4.22)], mother’s age at 15–19 years [AOR = 12.2, 95% CI (2.986, 50.2)], mother’s age at 20–24 years [AOR = 6, 95% CI (1.758, 20.8)], and mother’s age at 25–29 years [AOR = 4.48, 95% CI (1.41, 14.2)], and five and greater than family size [AOR = 0.53; 95% CI (0.343, 0.84)] were statistically significant associated with a higher risk of diarrhea. The prevalence of diarrhea in the Amhara Regional State was higher than that at the national level. The study identified gender of a child, education level of the mother’s, birth order, family size, mother’s age, and child’s age as risk factors for diarrhea in children under-five.
Sub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser
Authors: Isichenko Andrei , Hunter Andrew S. , Bose Debapam , Chauhan Nitesh , Song Meiting , Liu Kaikai , Harrington Mark W. , Blumenthal Daniel J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractToday’s precision experiments for timekeeping, inertial sensing, and fundamental science place strict requirements on the spectral distribution of laser frequency noise. Rubidium-based experiments utilize table-top 780 nm laser systems for high-performance clocks, gravity sensors, and quantum gates. Wafer-scale integration of these lasers is critical for enabling systems-on-chip. Despite progress towards chip-scale 780 nm ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, achieving sub-Hz fundamental linewidth and sub-kHz integral linewidth has remained elusive. Here we report a hybrid integrated 780 nm self-injection locked laser with 0.74 Hz fundamental and 864 Hz integral linewidths and thermorefractive-noise-limited 100 Hz2/Hz at 10 kHz. These linewidths are over an order of magnitude lower than previous photonic-integrated 780 nm implementations. The laser consists of a Fabry-Pérot diode edge-coupled to an on-chip splitter and a tunable 90 million Q resonator realized in the CMOS foundry-compatible silicon nitride platform. We achieve 2 mW output power, 36 dB side mode suppression ratio, and a 2.5 GHz mode-hop-free tuning range. To demonstrate the potential for quantum atomic applications, we analyze the laser noise influence on sensitivity limits for atomic clocks, quantum gates, and atom interferometer gravimeters. This technology can be translated to other atomic wavelengths, enabling compact, ultra-low noise lasers for quantum sensing, computing, and metrology.
Spectral imaging and analysis of monophasic CT angiography to assess infarct core and penumbra in acute stroke
Authors: Aludin Schekeb , Schmill Lars-Patrick , Langguth Patrick , Jansen Olav , Larsen Naomi , Wodarg Fritz , Klintz Tristan , Seehafer Svea , Horr Agreen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcute stroke imaging includes native CT, CT-angiography (CTA), and CT-perfusion (CTP). CTP assesses the irreversibly damaged infarct core (IC), and the potentially salvageable penumbra (PEN) and distinguishes these from areas of healthy parenchyma (HA). However, it requires additional contrast agent and radiation. Spectral-CT (SCT) enables spectral imaging like e.g., iodine-density imaging, and we evaluated its potential in estimating IC and PEN using monophasic CTA data only. We analysed 28 patients with mediainfarction. CTP-analysis derived areas of IC, PEN and HA on infarction side, as well as their healthy hemisphere’s counterparts were transferred to CTA as Region of interest (ROI). Spectral measurements included Hounsfield-Units in monoenergetic maps (MonoE) at 40 keV, 70 keV, and 120 keV, plus iodine-density (ID) and electron-density (ED) values, totalling 2970 values. Unilateral absolute values and ratios to the healthy counterparts were evaluated. Visual infarct delineation on each map was also rated. In all spectral maps, the infarct areas could be distinguished from the healthy counterpart by absolute values (p < 0.05). IC, PEN and HA could be distinguished from each other by absolute values (p < 0.05) (except for ED), and by the ratio-value formed to the contralateral side (p < 0.05). Detection of IC and PEN were best possible in ID (IC (AUC = 0.9999, p < 0.0001); PEN (AUC = 0.9745, p < 0.0001)) and MonoE40 (IC (AUC = 0.9963, p < 0.0001); PEN (AUC = 0.9622, p < 0.0001)). Differentiation of IC and PEN was also best in ID (AUC = 0.93, p < 0.0001) and MonoE40 (AUC = 0.80, p < 0.0001). Similarly, visual delineation was best too in ID and MonoE40. Accordingly, IC and PEN can be detected and differentiated in monophasic CTA by using SCT-derived spectral maps like ID or MonoE40.
Patient-specific gait pattern in individuals with patellofemoral instability reduces knee joint loads
Authors: Guggenberger Bernhard , Horsak Brian , Habersack Andreas , Kruse Annika , Smith Colin R. , Kainz Hans , Svehlik Martin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPatellofemoral instability is influenced by morphological factors and associated with compensational alterations in gait pattern. Recent simulation studies investigated the impact of knee morphology on the stability and loading of the patellofemoral joint but neglected the patient-specific gait pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of patient-specific gait pattern on muscle forces and joint loading in individuals with patellofemoral instability. Musculoskeletal simulations with a model including a twelve degrees of freedom knee joint were performed based on three-dimensional motion capture data of 21 individuals with chronic patellofemoral instability and 17 healthy control participants. The patellofemoral instability group walked with a less flexed knee joint and reduced knee flexion and abduction moments compared to the control group, which required less quadriceps muscle forces. Lower quadriceps muscle forces resulted in a reduction of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint contact forces despite similar walking velocities between both groups. Furthermore, we observed decreased lateralizing patella forces in subjects with patella instability, which could potentially reduce the risk of patella dislocation. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for the patient-specific gait pattern when analysing knee loads in individuals with patellofemoral instability.
Machine learning insights into scapular stabilization for alleviating shoulder pain in college students
Authors: Mabrouk Omar M. , Hady Doaa A. Abdel , Abd El-Hafeez Tarek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon-specific shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal condition, especially among college students, and it can have a negative impact on the patient’s life. Therapists have used scapular stabilization exercises (SSE) to enhance scapular control and mobility. This study investigates the prediction of the impact of scapular stability exercises in treating non-specific shoulder pain, leveraging advanced machine learning techniques for comprehensive evaluation and analysis. Using a diverse range of regression models, including Gamma Regressor, Tweedie Regressor, Poisson Regressor, and others, the study examines the relationship between the effectiveness of various exercises and their impact on shoulder pain management. Furthermore, the study employs optimization techniques, such as Hyperopt, scikit-optimize, optunity, GPyOpt, and Optuna, to fine-tune the exercise protocols for optimal outcomes. The results reveal that scapular stabilization exercises, when optimized using machine learning algorithms, significantly contribute to reducing shoulder pain in college students. Among the optimization techniques, scikit-optimize demonstrated the best performance, resulting in a mean squared error of 0.0085, a mean absolute error of 0.0712, and an impressive R2 score of 0.8501. This indicates that the scikit-optimize approach yielded the most accurate predictions and effectively captured the relationship between the exercises and shoulder pain management. The findings highlight the critical role of scapular stabilization exercise interventions in ameliorating non-specific shoulder pain and underscore the potential of machine learning techniques in optimizing therapeutic strategies for musculoskeletal health management. The utilization of scikit-optimize, in particular, showcases its effectiveness in fine-tuning the exercise protocols for optimal outcomes. The study’s results serve as a crucial stepping stone in developing personalized rehabilitation programs for non-specific shoulder pain, emphasizing the importance of integrating machine learning methodologies in the assessment and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders among college students.
Antibody selection and automated quantification of TRPV1 immunofluorescence on human skin
Authors: Jin Yuying , Brennecke Julian , Sodmann Annemarie , Blum Robert , Sommer Claudia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAssessing localization of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) in skin nerve fibers is crucial for understanding its role in peripheral neuropathy and pain. However, information on the specificity and sensitivity of TRPV1 antibodies used for immunofluorescence (IF) on human skin is currently lacking. To find a reliable TRPV1 antibody and IF protocol, we explored antibody candidates from different manufacturers, used rat DRG sections and human skin samples for screening and human TRPV1-expressing HEK293 cells for further validation. Final specificity assessment was done on human skin samples. Additionally, we developed two automated image analysis methods: a Python-based deep-learning approach and a Fiji-based machine-learning approach. These methods involve training a model or classifier for nerve fibers based on pre-annotations and utilize a nerve fiber mask to filter and count TRPV1 immunoreactive puncta and TRPV1 fluorescence intensity on nerve fibers. Both automated analysis methods effectively distinguished TRPV1 signals on nerve fibers from those in keratinocytes, demonstrating high reliability as evidenced by excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values exceeding 0.75. This method holds the potential to uncover alterations in TRPV1 associated with neuropathic pain conditions, using a minimally invasive approach.
Torsional behavior of Ni-rich NiTi alloys obtained by powder metallurgy and hot deformation
Authors: Volodko Sergey , Markova Galina , Yudin Sergey , Permyakova Darya , Alimov Ivan , Evstratov Evgeny , Moskovskikh Dmitry , Khort Alexander , Kasimtsev Anatoly 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe effects of severe plastic deformation on NiTi alloys’ structure and properties have been extensively studied over the past decades. However, there is a notable lack of systematic data regarding the impact of industrial hot deformation techniques on these alloys. This gap arises from challenges in manufacturing processes related to the unevenness of ingots produced by casting technologies. This study investigates the effects of hot rotary swaging, extrusion, and radial shear rolling on the martensitic transformation, shape memory effect, superelasticity, and damping capacity of NiTi Ni-rich alloys fabricated through powder metallurgy. The properties were investigated under torsional load on wires prepared by spark eroding from deformed rods. Our findings indicate that samples after rolling and extrusion exhibit a superelastic strain of 14 ± 0.5% attributed to a high yield stress of approximately 600–800 MPa and torsional testing providing the material to be fully involved in recovery process. Samples after rolling and swaging demonstrate a high level of reversible strain with a one-way shape memory effect ranging from 5 to 7%. Conversely, extrusion, due to the inhomogeneity of resulting workpieces, induces a complex, multi-stage martensitic transformation that undermines the shape memory effect. Furthermore, all deformation methods except extrusion contribute to increased alloy homogeneity, resulting in a narrower temperature range for martensitic transformations. Rotary swaging notably increases the height of an internal friction peak from 0.015 to 0.045 compared to the undeformed material, whereas rolling gives the lowest value of 0.012 among others. This study provides valuable insights into how hot thermomechanical processing influences the properties of NiTi alloys and shows that powder metallurgy combined with hot deformation can be considered an alternative approach for achieving high functional properties of these alloys.
Hearing health literacy among professional and amateur musicians
Authors: Schurig Eva , Hake Robin , Birke Michael , Derks Deborah , Siedenburg Kai , Kreutz Gunter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMusicians create sound that is enjoyable to themselves and their audience, but this same sound also threatens their hearing health due to high sound pressure levels generated by their own and their fellow musicians’ instruments. Here we seek to identify musicians’ hearing health awareness in relation to their coping strategies. 370 professional and 401 amateur musicians in total responded to a questionnaire on hearing health, which included quantitative elements and open-ended questions. Findings reveal that musicians are generally aware of hearing health risks but also indicate a lack of discussion on that topic. However, inasmuch as respondents consider hearing protection as necessary, they articulate justified concerns about its potential impact on quality of performance and musical communication. In sum, musicians show literacy regarding their hearing health, but more guidance and training is needed to ensure effective protective measures.
Intraspecific variation in the functional responses of an invasive tropical freshwater fish under increasing temperature regimes
Authors: Ventura Matteo , Cittadino Simone , Calizza Edoardo , Careddu Giulio , Caputi Simona Sporta , Rossi Loreto , Costantini Maria Letizia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlobal warming and the introduction of non-native fish represent major threats to freshwater biodiversity worldwide, but their effects have usually been investigated separately. Since most fish are ectotherms, their metabolism and feeding behaviour are highly influenced by temperature. Increasing water temperatures may thus exacerbate the impact of non-native fish, particularly those adapted to warmer conditions, on prey populations. Increasing temperature can also result in divergences between the impacts of females and males, especially in sexually dimorphic species.The globally invasive tropical guppy Poecilia reticulata Peters, a popular aquarium fish also used for control of mosquito-borne diseases and as a model species in ecological and evolutionary studies, exhibits strong sexual dimorphism and larvivory. This laboratory study examined prey consumption and prey size selection by guppies fed with chironomid larvae under varying temperature conditions. The effect of sex, pregnancy and prey body size on the guppy’s predatory response was also assessed by comparing Functional Responses.The results highlighted four key points: (1) increased temperature led to increased prey consumption in both females and males by decreasing handling time; (2) prey consumption was disproportionately higher in females than males, regardless of temperature; (3) temperature influenced females’ prey size selection; and (4) pregnancy reduced prey handling time among females.These findings show that temperature and intraspecific differences influence the feeding response of invasive fish, and they should both be taken into account when investigating and predicting the ecological impact of invasive species on invaded food webs.
Experimental and computational studies on possibility of using glucose diazacrown cryptand as a carrier for anticancer drugs busulfan and lomustine
Authors: Ignaczak Anna , Hoelm Marta , Porwański Stanisław , Jóźwiak Paweł , Krześlak Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDrug carriers play a very important role in pharmacy, especially in cancer therapy. Most drugs used in the treatment of cancer are characterized by poor solubility in water and lack of selectivity in their toxic effects on normal and cancer cells. Administration of the drug in the form of a complex with an appropriately selected carrier can significantly improve its therapeutic effect and reduce side effects. In this study, the possibility of using the cryptand L1, containing two diazacrown ethers and two saccharide groups, as a potential drug carrier is investigated. In order to determine whether it can form complexes with drugs, the cryptand L1 and its complexes with two anticancer drugs, busulfan (BSF) and lomustine (CCNU), were synthesized. Their selected structural and energetic properties were investigated using both experimental and computational methods. Additionally, water solubility and cytotoxicity tests were performed for all compounds. The measured 1H NMR spectra confirm that L1 forms complexes L1:BSF and L1:CCNU, the solubility of which in water appears to be much higher than that of the pure drugs. The results of DFT calculations made in water described with the implicit solvent model confirm high stability of L1:BSF and L1:CCNU and indicate that L1 forms with the drugs mainly non-inclusion complexes. However, additional tests with 20 H2O molecules explicitly included in the model suggest that both inclusion and non-inclusion forms can occur in a real solution. Cytotoxicity studies show that the macrocycle L1 is non-toxic towards both normal and cancer cells, and its complexes with drugs show greater selectivity towards cancer cells. Interestingly, while the cytotoxicity of the L1:BSF complex is stronger than that of pure BSF, the relationship is opposite in the case of L1:CCNU and CCNU. Therefore, L1 can be considered as a potential drug carrier, especially for those drugs that have weak activity on cancer cells.
Fire, environmental and anthropogenic controls on pantropical tree cover
Authors: Kelley Douglas I. , Gerard France , Dong Ning , Burton Chantelle , Argles Arthur , Li Guangqi , Whitley Rhys , Marthews Toby R. , Roberston Eddy , Weedon Graham P. , Lasslop Gitta , Ellis Richard J. , Bistinas Ioannis , Veenendaal Elmar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExplaining tropical tree cover distribution in areas of intermediate rainfall is challenging, with fire’s role in limiting tree cover particularly controversial. We use a novel Bayesian approach to provide observational constraints on the strength of the influence of humans, fire, rainfall seasonality, heat stress, and wind throw on tropical tree cover. Rainfall has the largest relative impact on tree cover (11.6–39.6%), followed by direct human pressures (29.8–36.8%), heat stress (10.5–23.3%) and rainfall seasonality (6.3–22.8%). Fire has a smaller impact (0.2–3.2%) than other stresses, increasing to 0.3–5.2% when excluding human influence. However, we found a potential vulnerability of eastern Amazon and Indonesian forests to fire, with up to 2% forest loss for a 1% increase in burnt area. Our results suggest that vegetation models should focus on fire development for emerging fire regimes in tropical forests and revisit the linkages between rainfall, non-fire disturbances, land use and broad-scale vegetation distributions.
Towards routine proteome profiling of FFPE tissue: insights from a 1,220-case pan-cancer study
Authors: Tüshaus Johanna , Eckert Stephan , Schliemann Marius , Zhou Yuxiang , Pfeiffer Pauline , Halves Christiane , Fusco Federico , Weigel Johannes , Hönikl Lisa , Butenschön Vicki , Todorova Rumyana , Rauert-Wunderlich Hilka , The Matthew , Rosenwald Andreas , Heinemann Volker , Holch Julian , Steiger Katja , Delbridge Claire , Meyer Bernhard , Weichert Wilko , Mogler Carolin , Kuhn Peer-Hendrik , Kuster Bernhard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProteome profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens has gained traction for the analysis of cancer tissue for the discovery of molecular biomarkers. However, reports so far focused on single cancer entities, comprised relatively few cases and did not assess the long-term performance of experimental workflows. In this study, we analyze 1220 tumors from six cancer entities processed over the course of three years. Key findings include the need for a new normalization method ensuring equal and reproducible sample loading for LC-MS/MS analysis across cohorts, showing that tumors can, on average, be profiled to a depth of >4000 proteins and discovering that current software fails to process such large ion mobility-based online fractionated datasets. We report the first comprehensive pan-cancer proteome expression resource for FFPE material comprising 11,000 proteins which is of immediate utility to the scientific community, and can be explored via a web resource. It enables a range of analyses including quantitative comparisons of proteins between patients and cohorts, the discovery of protein fingerprints representing the tissue of origin or proteins enriched in certain cancer entities.
Deciphering the molecular logic of WOX5 function in the root stem cell organizer
Authors: Zhang Ning , Bitterli Pamela , Oluoch Peter , Hermann Marita , Aichinger Ernst , Groot Edwin P , Laux Thomas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlant and animal stem cells receive signals from their surrounding cells to stay undifferentiated. In the Arabidopsis root, the quiescent center (QC) acts as a stem cell organizer, signaling to the neighboring stem cells. WOX5 is a central transcription factor regulating QC function. However, due to the scarcity of QC cells, WOX5 functions in the QC are largely unexplored at a genomic scale. Here, we unveil the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of the QC and the role of WOX5 within them. We find that WOX5 functions both as a transcriptional repressor and activator, affecting histone modifications and chromatin accessibility. Our data expand on known WOX5 functions, such as the regulation of differentiation, cell division, and auxin biosynthesis. We also uncover unexpected WOX5-regulated pathways involved in nitrate transport and the regulation of basal expression levels of genes associated with mature root tissues. These data suggest a role for QC cells as reserve stem cells and primed cells for prospective progenitor fates. Taken together, these findings offer insights into the role of WOX5 at the QC and provide a basis for further analyses to advance our understanding of the nature of plant stem cell organizers.
Antigenic epitopes and cross-reactivity analysis of tropomyosin from Oratosquilla oratorio
Authors: Ni Ling-Na , Huan Fei , Gao Shuai , Liu Meng , Wu Ming-Xuan , Gu Yi , Lai Dong , Liu Qing-Mei , Liu Guang-Ming 
Published: November 2024

The IgG/IgE-binding activity of recombinant TM in O. oratoria were similar to native TM. T-cell epitopes and B-cell epitopes were identified. Moreover, highly conserved T-cell/B-cell epitopes in TM were found between O. oratoria and other shellfish.