bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity experiences in children post–liver transplant: Developing a foundation for rehabilitation interventions
Authors: Patterson Catherine , So Stephanie , DeAngelis Maria , Ghent Emily , Southmayd Degen , Carpenter Christine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPhysical Activity (PA) plays an important role in the physical and psychosocial health of children and is beneficial in the treatment and prevention of comorbidities associated with transplantation. Despite this, PA participation in pediatric liver transplant recipients remains low compared to healthy peers. This qualitative‐focused mixed‐methods study explored the PA experiences and parental perception of these experiences, including perceived facilitators and barriers to PA in children post–liver transplant. Eighteen participants (9 children [median age 10.8 years] and 9 parents) took part in semi‐structured interviews and completed the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale and PAQ. Most children reported they were physically active (PAQ median 3.08 [IQR] 2.60‐3.51), participating in PA for its enjoyment, regardless of their level of motor proficiency. Levels of fatigue (median 65.28 [IQR] 56.25‐90.97) were higher than healthy norms and impacted PA participation in some children. Children and parents perceived PA as central to post‐transplant recovery and valued its social and mental health benefits; however, parents struggled with ongoing uncertainty and perceived physical vulnerability of their child. This study indicates the need for continuing PA support and education and provides valuable information for family‐centered interventions to increase PA and improve health outcomes in children post‐transplant.
Phylogenetic clustering of wingbeat frequency and flight‐associated morphometrics across insect orders
Authors: Tercel Maximillian P. T. G. , Veronesi Fabio , Pope Tom W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWingbeat frequency in insects is an important variable in aerodynamic and energetic analyses of insect flight and often is studied on a family‐ or species‐level basis. Meta‐analyses of these studies report order‐level patterns suggesting that flight strategy is moderately well conserved phylogenetically. Studies incorporated into these meta‐analyses, however, use variable methodologies across different temperatures, which may confound results and phylogenetic patterns. In the present study, a high‐speed camera is used to measure wingbeat frequency in a wide variety of species (n = 102) under controlled conditions aiming (i) to determine the validity of previous meta‐analyses showing phylogenetic clustering of flight strategy and (ii) to identify new evolutionary patterns between wingbeat frequency, body mass, wing area, wing length and wing loading at the order level. All flight‐associated morphometrics significantly affect wingbeat frequency. Linear models show that wing area explains the most amount of variation in wingbeat frequency (r2 = 0.59, P ≤ 0.001), whereas body mass explains the least (r2 = 0.09, P ≤ 0.01). A multiple regression model incorporating both body mass and wing area is the best overall predictor of wingbeat frequency (r2 = 0.84, P ≤ 0.001). Order‐level phylogenetic patterns across relationships are consistent with previous studies. Thus, the present study provides experimental validation of previous meta‐analyses and provides new insights into phylogenetically conserved flight strategies across insect orders.
Comparison of pre‐ and post‐transplant sun‐safe behavior of kidney transplant recipients: What is needed to improve?
Authors: Gellén Emese , Papp Bence G. , Janka Eszter A. , Gáll Tibor , Paragh György , Emri Gabriella , Nemes Balázs , Remenyik Éva 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe role of sun exposure in the development of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers is known; however, there are limited data on the contribution of pretransplantation total sun burden (TSB) to the increased skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients (OTRs). The importance of patient education about sun‐safe behaviors is understood, but educations are often unsuccessful in OTRs.MethodsA questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study was performed with kidney transplant patients at a single academic center to assess the pre‐ and post‐transplant sun exposure, sun protection habits, and skin cancers.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐one patients participated in the study. 13.1% developed at least one skin cancer. High total sun burden before transplantation was reported by 58.4%, and 65.2% reported education about increased skin cancer risk at the time of transplantation. However, that education did not lead to less sun exposure or better sun protection methods after transplantation. Overall, OTR related but not sun protection‐guided lifestyle changes affecting OTRs after transplantation led to reduction in sun exposure.ConclusionOur findings highlight the need for more tailored, population‐specific education programmes, even for patients who expect to receive a transplant in the future, and suggest the importance of pretransplantation TSB in determining the post‐transplant skin cancer risk.
Modulation of human dendritic cell activity by Giardia and helminth antigens
Authors: Summan A. , Nejsum P. , Williams A. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryGiardia duodenalis is a common intestinal protozoan parasite known to modulate host immune responses, including dendritic cell (DC) function. Coinfections of intestinal pathogens are common, and thus, DCs may be concurrently exposed to antigens from multiple parasites. Here, we investigated the effects of G. duodenalis products on human monocyte‐derived DC function independently and in combination with helminth antigens (Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis). All antigens individually induced an anti‐inflammatory phenotype in DCs, reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐12p70 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α secretion. G. duodenalis and T. suis products also consistently upregulated IL‐10 production. Despite a similar modulation of cytokine secretion, additive effects between Giardia and helminth products were not observed, indicating a dominant effect of a single parasite stimulus and limited interactive effects on DC function. G. duodenalis trophozoites induced rapid apoptosis in DCs, which was not observed with the helminth antigens suggesting that the modulatory effects of G. duodenalis may override that of A. suum and T. suis. Thus, G. duodenalis modulates DC activity by modulating cytokine secretion and/or inducing apoptosis, which may be a parasite‐driven mechanism to dampen host immunity and establish chronic infections. The differential mechanisms of DC modulation by intestinal parasites warrant further attention.
Piriformospora indica inoculation alleviates the adverse effect of NaCl stress on growth, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Ghorbani A. , Razavi S. M. , Ghasemi Omran V. O. , Pirdashti H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Salinity is now an increasingly serious environmental issue that affects the growth and yield of many plants.

In the present work, the influence of inoculation with the symbiotic fungus, Piriformospora indica, on gas exchange, water potential, osmolyte content, Na/K ratio and chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato plants under three salinity levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl) and three time periods (5, 10 and 15 days after exposure to salt) was investigated.

Results indicate that P. indica inoculation improved growth parameters of tomato under salinity stress. This symbiotic fungus significantly increased photosynthetic pigment content under salinity, and more proline and glycine betaine accumulated in inoculated roots than in non‐inoculated roots. P. indica further significantly improved K+ content and reduced Na+ level under salinity treatment. After inoculation with the endophytic fungus, leaf physiological parameters, such as water potential, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, were all higher under the salt concentrations and durations compared with controls without P. indica. With increasing salt level and salt treatment duration, values of F0 and qP increased but Fm, Fv/Fm, F′v/F′m and NPQ declined in the controls, while inoculation with P. indica improved these values.

The results indicate that the negative effects of NaCl on tomato plants were alleviated after P. indica inoculation, probably by improving physiological parameters such as water status and photosynthesis.
State Implementation of the Affordable Care Act: Four Case Studies
Authors: Mayer Martin , Kenter Robert C. , Morris John C. , Lucero Luisa 
Published: March 2018

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been the subject of one of the most contentious policy issues in recent memory. Previous research has tracked the volatility of state decisions over a three‐year period, 2012, 2013, and 2014, using an index ranking states by their policy decisions regarding whether they were in support or opposition to the ACA. The present study suggests state legislatures may increasingly be making health‐care choices based on the needs of the citizens in the state and less on partisanship. This article employs a case study methodology to examine the health‐care policy decisions made in four states: Alabama, which ranked as one of the staunchest opponents; Michigan, which scored as neutral; California, which scored as highly supportive; and New Hampshire, which moved from opposition to support during the reviewed three‐year time frame. This research examines influences driving these decisions at the state level.Related Articles

Bernick, Ethan M., and
Nathan Myers. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 131‐159. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00340.x/abstract

Heidbreder, Brianne. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 296‐319. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00345.x/abstract

Malloy, Liam C.,
Shanna Pearson‐Merkowitz, and
Irwin Morris. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 945‐975. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12176/abstract
Related Media
2017. “How Healthy Are the Affordable Care Act Marketplaces?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVsseQKuEg8

2013. “How Does the Affordable Care Act Work?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vju70I6qSKk

Cthealthpolicy.org. 2014. “Syllabus: ‘Implementing Health Care in CT.’” http://www.cthealthpolicy.org/cthealthbook/obamacare/syllabus.pdf
Effect of temperature on resistance to Potato virus Y in potato cultivars carrying the resistance gene Rychc
Authors: Ohki T. , Sano M. , Asano K. , Nakayama T. , Maoka T. 
Published: March 2018

The effect of cultivation temperatures on the resistance reaction to three Potato virus Y strains (PVYO, PVYN and PVYNTN) in potato cultivars carrying Rychc was examined. When potato plants carrying Rychc were cultivated at 22 °C, a few small necrotic spots developed on inoculated leaves by 5 days after mechanical inoculation (dpi), and systemic infection of a few symptomless plants was confirmed at 28 dpi by IC‐RT‐PCR. At 28 °C, distinct necrotic spots developed on inoculated leaves by 5 dpi, and systemic symptoms occasionally appeared at 28 dpi. Thus, high temperature weakens Rychc‐conferred resistance. However, the incidence of systemic infection and the titre of virus in resistant cultivars at 28 °C were lower than in a susceptible cultivar. In graft inoculation under high summer temperatures, some plants developed necrosis on the leaves and stem, but PVY was barely detected by RT‐PCR in leaves on potato carrying Rychc. When seedlings from progeny tubers of plants that were inoculated with PVY and grown in a greenhouse at >30 °C in the daytime were examined by ELISA and IC‐RT‐PCR, PVY was not detected in cultivars carrying Rychc. These results show that Rychc confers an extreme resistance to PVY strains occurring in Japan.
In vitro differentiation of bovine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells into male germ cells by exposure to exogenous bioactive factors
Authors: Cortez J , Bahamonde J , De los Reyes M , Palomino J , Torres CG , Peralta OA 
Published: March 2018

ContentsMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent progenitor cells defined by their ability to self‐renew and give rise to differentiated progeny. Previous studies have reported that MSC may be induced in vitro to develop into different types of specialized cells including male gametes. In vitro gamete derivation technology has potential applications as an alternative method for dissemination of elite animal genetics, production of transgenic animals and conservation of endangered species. This study aimed at investigating the in vitro effect of BMP4, TGFβ1 and RA on the potential for germ cell (GC) differentiation of bovine foetal MSC (bfMSC) derived from bone marrow (BM). The effect of BMP4, TGFβ1 and RA was analysed on the expression of pluripotent, GC and male GC markers on bfMSC during a 21‐day culture period. bfMSC cultured under in vitro conditions expressed OCT4, NANOG and DAZL, but lacked expression of mRNA of VASA, STELLA, FRAGILIS, STRA8 and PIWIL2. Treatment with exogenous BMP4 and TGFβ1 induced a transient increase (p < .05) in DAZL and NANOG mRNA levels, respectively. However, exposure to RA was more effective in increasing (p < .05) expression of DAZL and regulating expression of OCT4 and mRNA levels of NANOG. These data suggest that bfMSC may possess potential for early GC differentiation, where OCT4, NANOG and specially DAZL may play significant roles in controlling progression along the GC lineage.
Identification of ectopic ovotestis in a dog with XX ovotesticular, SRY‐negative, disorder of sexual development
Authors: Diel de Amorim M , Lerer A , Durzi T , Foster RA , Gartley CJ 
Published: March 2018

ContentsA 1‐year‐old, previously spayed phenotypic female Poodle/Soft‐coated Wheaten Terrier (Whoodle) cross was presented for a suspected ovarian remnant. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration was below the detection limit (<1 ng/ml Witness® LH), and serum progesterone concentration was elevated in the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA; 20 ng/ml), consistent with dioestrus and presence of ovarian tissue. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed a retroperitoneal soft tissue structure suspected to be a gonad. On exploratory laparotomy, a gonad was removed from the cranial retroperitoneum, cranial to the right kidney, after ligation of its primary blood supply. Histological examination proved the gonad to be an ovotestis. Subsequent cytogenetics revealed a 78 XX karyotype, thus confirming the diagnosis of ectopic ovotestis in a XX ovotesticular, SRY‐negative, disorder of sexual development in a dog.
Understanding voluntary program performance: Introducing the diffusion network perspective
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVoluntary programs have rapidly become a means for the public, private, and third sectors to regulate and govern complex societal problems. Following the rapid and widespread emergence of these programs, scholars have been active in mapping, exploring, and interrogating their design and performance. Considerable advances have been made in describing program design and context conditions, and the actors involved in the voluntary program that relate to program performance. Less is known, however, about how these conditions affect program performance. Starting with one of the dominant theories on voluntary programs, the club theory perspective, this article seeks to understand how different program design conditions interact to affect the performance of 26 voluntary programs for low carbon building and city development in Australia, the Netherlands, and the United States. Applying qualitative comparative analysis, the study finds that the club theory perspective has limited explanatory power for this specific set of cases. Iterative rounds of analysis indicate that a diffusion network perspective is the best complementary perspective for explaining the performance of this set of programs. The article concludes that, in situations of a non‐homogeneous market of voluntary program participants, a focus on the programs’ diffusion networks helps to explain their performance. This has implications for the design and implementation of such programs.
Genesis of Pb–Zn Mineralization Beneath the Xiangshan Uranium Orefield, South China: Constraints from H–O–S–Pb Isotopes and Rb–Sr Dating
Authors: Guo Jian , Li Ziying , Nie Jiangtao , Huang Zhizhang , Wang Jian , Lai Chun‐Kit 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe volcanic‐hosted Xiangshan uranium orefield is the largest uranium deposit in South China. Recent exploration has discovered extensive Pb–Zn mineralization beneath the uranium orebodies. Detailed geological investigation reveals that the major metallic minerals include pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite, whilst the major non‐metallic minerals include quartz, sericite, and calcite. New δ18Ofluidand δDfluiddata indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were mainly derived from magmatic, and the sulfide δ34S values (2.2–6.9‰) suggest a dominantly magmatic sulfur source. The Pb isotope compositions are homogeneous (206Pb/204Pb = 18.120–18.233,207Pb/204Pb = 15.575–15.698, and208Pb/204Pb = 37.047–38.446). The87Sr/86Sr ratios of sulfide minerals range from 0.7197 to 0.7204, which is much higher than volcanic rocks and fall into the range of metamorphic basement. Lead and strontium isotopic compositions indicate that the metallogenic materials probably were derived from metamorphic basement. Pyrite Rb–Sr dating of the ores yielded 131.3 ± 4.0 Ma, indicating that the Pb–Zn mineralization occurred in the Early Cretaceous.
A North–South model of outsourcing and growth
Authors: Saito Yuki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I formulate a simple North–South R&D‐based growth model where final goods firms in the North endogenously determine the range of international outsourcing of intermediate goods to the South. I show that a fall in the trade cost (through trade liberalization) of intermediate goods in the North: (i) reduces the wage of the North relative to that of the South; (ii) increases the outsourced variety of intermediate goods in the North; and (iii) stimulates Northern R&D activity and economic growth in both countries. By conducting welfare analysis, I also show that a decline in the trade cost of intermediate goods in the North improves welfare in the South more than in the North.
Bayesian Semiparametric Modelling of Contraceptive Behaviour in India Via Sequential Logistic Regressions
Authors: Rigon Tommaso , Durante Daniele , Torelli Nicola 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFamily planning has been characterized by highly different strategic programmes in India, including method-specific contraceptive targets, coercive sterilization and more recent target-free approaches. These major changes in family planning policies over time have motivated considerable interest towards assessing the effectiveness of the different planning programmes. Current studies mainly focus on the factors driving the choice among specific subsets of contraceptives, such as a preference for alternative methods other than sterilization. Although this restricted focus produces key insights, it fails to provide a global overview of the different policies, and of the determinants underlying the choices from the entire range of contraceptive methods. Motivated by this consideration, we propose a Bayesian semiparametric model relying on a reparameterization of the multinomial probability mass function via a set of conditional Bernoulli choices. This binary decision tree is defined to be consistent with the current family planning policies in India, and coherent with a reasonable process characterizing the choice between increasingly nested subsets of contraceptive methods. The model allows a subset of covariates to enter the predictor via Bayesian penalized splines and exploits mixture models to represent uncertainty in the distribution of the state-specific random effects flexibly. This combination of flexible and careful reparameterizations allows a broader and interpretable overview of the policies and contraceptive preferences in India.
Power and Commensurate Priors for Synthesizing Aggregate and Individual Patient Level Data in Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hong Hwanhee , Fu Haoda , Carlin Bradley P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn network meta-analysis, it is often desirable to synthesize different types of studies, featuring aggregated data and individual patient level data. However, existing methods do not sufficiently consider the quality of studies across different types of data and assume that the treatment effects are exchangeable across all studies regardless of these types. We propose Bayesian hierarchical network meta-analysis models that allow us to borrow information adaptively across aggregated data and individual patient level data studies by using power and commensurate priors. The power parameter in the power priors and spike-and-slab hyperprior in the commensurate priors govern the level of borrowing information among study types. We incorporate covariate-by-treatment interactions to deliver personalized decision making and model any ecological fallacy. The methods are validated and compared via extensive simulation studies and then applied to an example in diabetes treatment comparing 28 oral antidiabetic drugs. We compare results across model and hyperprior specifications. Finally, we close with a discussion of our findings, limitations and future research.
Nonlocal and Multipoint Boundary Value Problems for Linear Evolution Equations
Authors: Pelloni Beatrice , Smith David Andrew 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe derive the solution representation for a large class of nonlocal boundary value problems for linear evolution partial differential equations (PDE) with constant coefficients in one space variable. The prototypical example of such PDE is the heat equation, for which problems of this form model physical phenomena in chemistry and for which we formulate and prove a full result. We also consider the third‐order case, which is much less studied and has been shown by the authors to have very different structural properties in general. The nonlocal conditions we consider can be reformulated as multipoint conditions, and then an explicit representation for the solution of the problem is obtained by an application of the Fokas transform method. The analysis is carried out under the assumption that the problem being solved is well posed, i.e., it admits a unique solution. For the second‐order case, we also give criteria that guarantee well posedness.