bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonography to Assess Suspected Bone Fractures: Beliefs and Usage in General Practice in Germany – A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Schmid Gordian Lukas , Kühnast Beatrice , Heise Marcus , Deutsch Tobias , Frese Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Over the last two decades, ultrasonography (US) has been shown to be an accurate tool for the diagnosis of suspected bone fractures; however, the conditions for integrating this usage of US into general practice need to be specified. In this study, we surveyed German general practitioners (GPs) to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and utilization of US for the diagnosis of suspected fractures. Methods: Notification of the study, a self-designed questionnaire, and a reminder were sent by mail to 600 randomly selected GPs in Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. Results: The response rate was 47.7% (n=286), and respondents did not differ from the population of all GPs in respect to sex and practice type. Of all GPs surveyed, 48.6% used an US device in their practice. On average, GPs diagnosed six patients with suspected fractures per month, yet only 39.3% knew about the possibility of ultrasonographic fracture diagnosis, and only 4.3% of GPs using US utilized it for this purpose. Among participants, 71.9% believed that US is inferior to conventional X-rays for the diagnosis of bony injuries. Users of US were better informed of and used this imaging modality more often for fracture diagnosis than non-users. Conclusion: The need to rule out possible fractures frequently arises in general practice, and US devices are broadly available. Further efforts are needed to improve the knowledge and attitudes of GPs regarding the accuracy of US for fracture diagnosis. Multicenter controlled trials could explore the usefulness and effectiveness of this seldom used diagnostic approach.
A Rodentibacter heylii strain lacking all known RTX toxin genes is highly virulent in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice in contrast to Muribacter muris
Authors: Kähl Sophie , Fornefett Juliane , Fingas Felix , Klose Kristin , Benga Laurentiu , Grunwald Thomas , Baums Christoph Georg 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Rodentibacter (R.) heylii and Muribacter (M.) muris are frequently detected in laboratory rodents. Repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins are considered to be important virulent factors in R. pneumotropicus and R. heylii. As many R. heylii isolates do not carry genes encoding known RTX toxins we hypothesized that these isolates are at the most moderately virulent or even avirulent as M. muris . To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the virulence of R. heylii and M. muris strains negative for all known RTX toxin genes in experimental infections of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.
Results
Experimental intranasal infection with 10 8 colony forming units (CFU) of a pnx I-, pnx II- and pnx III-negative R. heylii strain resulted in 75% and 100% mortality of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, respectively. Infections of multiple internal organs such as lung and genito-urinary tract were recorded. Purulent bronchopneumonia was a common finding in lungs of early losses. Application of 10 4 CFU of the same R. heylii strain was neither associated with clinical signs nor dissemination, but with efficient colonization of the upper respiratory tract. Intranasal application of M. muris in different doses ranging from 10 4 to 10 8 CFU did not result in mortality or severe weight loss but efficient colonization and induction of systemic M. muris specific IgG in most animals.
Conclusion
The current study reveals high virulence of R. heylii strain SF27GVG carrying none of the known RTX toxin genes in wildtype mice. This result questions the validity of estimating virulence in the genus Rodentibacter by profiling of pnx toxin genes. Suitable colonization models for future investigations were established for R. heylii and M. muris . Application of M. muris was associated with a systemic IgG immune response and cultural detection in draining lymph nodes in most animals indicating infection and not sole colonization.
Genome-wide identification of expansin gene family reveals expansin genes are involved in fibre cells growth in cotton
Authors: Lv Limin , Zuo Dongyun , Wang Xingfen , Cheng Hailiang , Zhang Youping , Wang Qiaolian , Song Guoli , Ma Zhiying 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background : Expansins ( EXPs ), a group of proteins that loosen plant cell walls and cellulosic materials, are involved in regulating cell growth and diverse developmental processes in plants. However, the biological functions of this gene family are still unknown in cotton. Results: In this paper, we identified a total of 93 expansin genes in Gossypium hirsutum . These genes were classified into four subfamilies, including 67 GhEXPAs , eight GhEXPBs , six GhEXLAs , and 12 GhEXLBs , and divided into 15 subgroups. All 93 expansin genes are distributed over 24 chromosomes excluding Ghir_A02 and Ghir_D06. All GhEXP genes contain multiple exons and each GhEXP protein has multiple conserved motifs. Transcript profiling and qPCR analysis revealed that the expansin genes have distinct expression patterns in different stages of cotton fibre development. Among them, three genes ( GhEXPA4o , GhEXPA1A , and GhEXPA8h ) were highly expressed in the initiation stage, nine genes ( GhEXPA4a , GhEXPA13a , GhEXPA4f , GhEXPA4q , GhEXPA8f , GhEXPA2 , GhEXPA8g , GhEXPA8a , and GhEXPA4n ) had high expression during the fast elongation stage, while GhEXLA1c and GhEXLA1f were preferentially expressed in the transition stage of fibre development. Conclusions: Our results provide a solid basis for further elucidation of biological functions of expansin genes in cotton fibre development and valuable genetic resources used for crop improvement in the future.
Perinatal Assessment of Risk of Mental Illness: Experience of First-time Mothers and Clinicians, Australian Private Hospitals
Authors: Sims Deborah Jane , Fowler Cathrine , Catling Christine , Xu Fenglian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The many changes in becoming a mother increase the risk of developing a mental illness in the perinatal period. Comprehensive, psychosocial assessment for risk of mental illness is recommended as part of routine perinatal care for all women. In Australia, this assessment was less likely to be undertaken for women who gave birth in a private hospital compared to women who gave birth in a public hospital. Therefore this study aimed to explore the experience of perinatal assessment of risk of mental illness for first-time mothers who gave birth in a private hospital. Method The results are from an explanatory mixed-methods study on the risk of the development of a perinatal mental illness and its relationship with the delivery of, or lack thereof, a parenting support service. Interviews were conducted with first-time mothers, midwives, nurses, obstetricians and paediatricians at two Australian metropolitan private hospitals. Content analysis of the interview data provided exploration and interpret their experience of assessment of risk of mental illness. Results Interview data were gathered from 32 participants. Four themes on assessment of risk of mental illness for these women were described: part of routine perinatal care; comprehensive psychosocial assessment; coordination between care providers and lack of mental health resources. Conclusion For mothers who gave birth in a private hospital, comprehensive psychosocial assessment of risk of mental illness may not have been provided as part of the routine perinatal care and not coordinated between care providers. A lack of mental health resources cannot be regarded as a barrier to provision of these services.
Oat Protein Concentrate As Part of Curd Product for Sport Nutrition
Authors: Каширских Егор , Kashirskich Egor , Бабич Ольга , Babich Olga , Кригер Ольга , Kriger Olga , Иванова Светлана , Ivanova Svetlana 
Published: September 2019

The industry of sport nutrition is actively developing worldwide and includes a wide range of functional products. Healthy lifestyle is being actively promoted, hence the development of new types of products for athletes. Protein mixtures and amino acid complexes occupy a leading position in this market sector. Nutrition plays an important role in physical training, since athletic activity requires a lot of energy and causes neuro-psychological stress. A standard diet cannot meet the needs of athletes, so this group of people uses fortified foods and biologically active food supplements. Today, sport nutrition is widely represented on
the shelves of mass markets. However, most of the products are imported. The qualitative composition of the protein is important in determining its suitability for human diet. Products of animal origin have been a traditional source of protein in the diet and, despite its balanced amino acid composition, still have several disadvantages. Plant sources of protein have recently attracted the interest of scientists and nutritionists. Such products possess sufficient biological potential and are more affordable for production and processing. Oats is actively used in the food industry due to its beneficial properties. The present paper features the biological
potential of the curd product fortified with an oat protein concentrate and its role in sport nutrition. The paper introduces a new technology for the production of a curd product fortified with an oat protein concentrate. The finished product contains 23.5% of protein and all essential amino acids, which meets the requirements of sport nutrition. A comparative analysis of the content of amino acids in popular sport nutrition products and the developed curd product proved the competitiveness of the latter. Its biological potential appeared to be not inferior to the characteristics of popular commercial products. The curd product fortified with an oat
protein concentrate demonstrated a balanced amino acid, vitamin, macro, and microelement composition, which makes it possible to recommend it as a functional food product for people who are actively involved in sports.
Technology for a New Food Additive Based on Biotechnologically Modified Soybean Raw Materials
Authors: Стаценко Екатерина , Statsenko Ekaterina 
Published: September 2019

Soybeans are used in various sectors of food and processing industry as an additive that increases the nutritional and biological value of traditional food products. The research objective was to create a technology for a new protein-vitamin-mineral ingredient (PVMI). The new PVMI is a flour based on biotechnologically modified soybeans. The research featured soybeans of Kitrossa variety developed at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybeans (Blagoveshchensk, Russia). The technology included four main stages: preparation of soybeans, germination, drying, and grinding. The process of germination was performed in wet paper using a thermostat at a relative humidity of 85%. The experiment provided the optimal regimes for germination (26°C, 24 h) and drying (50°C, 270 min). The new technology made it possible to increase the protein content in the additive by 7.3 %, lipids – by 2.3 %, and dietary fibers – by 3.6–8.4 %, if compared to the initial soybeans. Regardless of the germination regime, the additive demonstrated the optimal ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ω-6 and ω-3, which was 6.3:1–8.1:1. The PVMI also increased the content of vitamin B1 by 1.6–1.7 times, vitamin E – by 1.7 times, and vitamin C – by 2.2 times, if compared to their
content in the original soybeans. The activity of trypsin inhibitor in the PVMI decreased by 21.4–35.6%. The resulting soybean grain and food additive were rich in minerals (7.0–7.6 g per 100 g) with a water content of 9.3–9.8 g per 100 g. The sensory properties of the obtained nutritional additive had an average score of 5.0. The research resulted in a set of technical documentation, which included Standard STO 9146-001-00668442-2018 ‘Protein-vitamin-mineral ingredient. Food additive’ and technological procedures for its production.
Leitura e mediação: uma análise das estratégias de mediação utilizadas em uma aula de leitura no 6º ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Nogueira Ruthlana Dutra , De Lima Arrais Maria Nazareth 
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como tema a leitura e a mediação pedagógica. O objetivo aqui é analisar como ocorre o processo de mediação em uma aula de leitura no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. A fundamentação teórica é a Sociolinguística Interacionista Escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica e qualitativa e o corpus foi levantado na Escola Municipal de Ensino Infantil e Educação Fundamental Dr. José Dantas Pinheiro, localizada na cidade de São João do Rio do Peixe – PB em uma turma do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados obtidos apontam que as estratégias de mediação utilizadas pelo docente foram produtivas para a construção de sentido do texto, já que os alunos tiveram a oportunidade de verbalizar o seu pensamento e serem leitores ativos no desenvolvimento da leitura. Outro ponto é que o professor realizou intervenções positivas durante o enquadre interativo da aula, utilizando as pistas de contextualização ao desenvolver o processo de andaimagem que auxiliaram os alunos no processo de compreensão da leitura.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sociolinguística Interacionista Escolar. Leitura. Mediação.
From Receptor Selectivity to Functional Selectivity: The Rise of Biased Agonism in 5-HT1A Receptor Drug Discovery
Authors: Sniecikowska Joanna , Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Kolaczkowski Marcin 
Published: September 2019

:
Despite extensive efforts to design serotonin 5-HT1A receptor compounds, there are currently
no clinically available selective agonists to explore the therapeutic potential of activating this receptor.
Commonly used drugs targeting 5-HT1A receptors, such as buspirone or other azapirone compounds, possess
only limited selectivity over cross-reacting sites, act as partial agonists for 5-HT1A receptor activation,
and are metabolically labile, generating active metabolites. In addition, drug discovery has been
hampered by the multiplicity of 5-HT1A receptor subpopulations, expressed in different brain regions, that
are coupled to distinct molecular signaling mechanisms and mediate a wide variety of physiological responses,
both desired and undesired.

:
In this context, advances in 5-HT1A receptor drug discovery have attracted attention of novel ‘biased agonists’
that are selective, efficacious and preferentially target the brain regions that mediate therapeutic
activity without triggering side effects. The prototypical first-in-class compound NLX-101 (a.k.a.
F15599; 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl-[4-fluoro-4-[[(5-methylpyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]piperidin-
1-yl]methanone), preferentially activates 5-HT1A receptors in cortical regions and exhibits potent, rapidacting
and sustained antidepressant-like and procognitive properties in animal models.

:
Here the background has been reviewed that led to the discovery of the class of 1-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-
yl)methanamine derivatives, including NLX-101, as well as recent advances in discovery of novel 5-HT1A
receptor biased agonists, notably aryloxyethyl derivatives of 1‑(1-benzoylpiperidin-4yl)methanamine
which show promising pharmacological activity both in vitro and in vivo.

:
Overall, the results suggest that opportunities exist for innovative drug discovery of selective 5-HT1A receptor
biased agonists that may open new avenues for the treatment of CNS disorders involving dysfunction
of serotonergic neurotransmission.
Nanoantibiotic Formulations to Combat Antibiotic Resistance - Old Wine in a New Bottle
Authors: Rana Rachna , Awasthi Rajendra , Sharma Bhupesh , Kulkarni Giriraj T. 
Published: September 2019

:
Antibiotic resistance is becoming one of the major obstacles to treatment success in various
pathological conditions. Development process of a new antimicrobial agent is slow and difficult,
whereas bacterial resistance is decreasing the arsenal of existing antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need to
develop novel antibiotic formulations to combat the resistance of existing antibiotics. Nanoparticles are
investigated as novel antibiotic formulation, but are often inefficient in practical applications.
Nanotechnology presents a new frontier to overcome the issue of antibiotic resistance through the development
of functionalized particles. Balance of physicochemical characteristics such as small particle
size and high drug loading capacity along with improved stability are the challenges associated with
large scale manufacturing of nanoantibiotic formulations. In the last 1-2 decades, a gradual increase in
patents on nanoantibiotic formulations has been noted to address the resistance issues of antibiotic. The
aim of this review is to consolidate recently-investigated nanoantibiotic formulations to combat antibiotic
resistance.
Role of a Dentist in the Diagnosis of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Literature and Narrative Review
Authors: Melo Maria , Ata-Ali Fadi , Cobo Teresa , Diago José , Chofré-Lorente María Teresa , Bagán Leticia , Sanchez-Recio Cristina , Ata-Ali Javier 
Published: September 2019

Background:Child Abuse (CA) is defined as any physical or psychological harm inflicted upon children. The most commonly affected anatomical region in these cases is the orofacial complex, thereby placing dentists in a dominant position for detecting CA. The statistical figures referred to CA are high, and many cases go unreported.Objective:To determine the level of knowledge, the aptitudes and capacity of dentists in reporting cases of CA; the barriers facing the reporting of cases; and the key clinical characteristics for the detection of CA.Methodology:A search was made of the PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, LILACS and SciELO databases for articles published up until March 2019, involving analytical observational and descriptive studies relevant to the objectives of our study. All articles were independently reviewed by two authors.Results:Injuries caused by CA are largely located in the orofacial region – the most prevalent being caries, burns and fractures. The most frequently identified risk factor is behavioral alterations on the part of the parents or caregivers. The reviewed studies reflect a discrepancy between suspected and reported cases of CA.Conclusion:Although dentists are able to detect injuries, there is a great lack of knowledge about how to report cases of CA to the authorities. It is interesting to establish guidelines for the detection and reporting of suspicious cases. Improved training in forensic and legal dentistry is needed, together with the establishment of detection and reporting protocols. The clinical signs detected in the case of CA and neglect include untreated caries, poor oral hygiene, traumatisms, burns, lacerations and biting. The recognition of such signs and correct case history compilation are essential for the detection of CA.
Surface Roughness and Necessity of Manual Refinishing Requirements of CAD/CAM-Manufactured Titanium and Cobalt-Chrome Bars – A Pilot Study
Authors: Gehrke Peter , Dinkel Jochen , Fischer Carsten , Schmenger Kai , Sader Robert 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Due to their increased precision, CAD/CAM generated bars (Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing) are increasingly utilized in implant prosthodontics. For optimal clinical results, surface morphology should promote the integration of soft tissue while minimizing plaque and bacterial retention.

Objective:
Despite their clinical use, only limited information on the biological and clinical surface quality of CAD/CAM milled bars is available. The aim of the study was therefore to characterize the surface topography of bars of different manufacturers based on the profilometric analysis and the need for manual post-processing in the laboratory.

Methods:
A custom mandibular edentulous cast with four anterior implants was used as a reference cast and reproduced eight times. On each reproduction cast, corresponding scan flags were positioned and digitized. Acrylic 3D printed bar frameworks were produced and sent to the respective production center along with the digital files of the CAD bars for milling. In the course of profilometric analysis, all bars were examined in three critical Regions of Interest (ROI): Transmucosal, labial, basal. Sa and Ra values of each construction were determined. To evaluate the necessary refinishing time eight dental technicians macroscopically evaluated the bars by performing a subjective visual inspection. Kruskal-Wallis H-tests and Tukey and Kramer's post hoc tests were applied to detect differences between the samples.

Results:
After profilometric examination, three specimens (Dentsply Sirona: ZDC; Straumann: ZST; CAMLOG: ZCC) demonstrated surface roughness values in the biological acceptable range (Sa 0.2-0.4 μm) in the transmucosal region and provided optimal conditions for a reliable soft tissue adaptation. The Ra measurements revealed values beyond the acceptable threshold in the transmucosal region for three bars (Straumann: ZST; Dentsply Sirona: ZDC; Amann Girrbach: LAC). Four bars (LAC: Amann Girrbach; ZBC: BEGO; Datron: LDC & LDT; Zirkonzahn: ZZC) needed undesirable extensive manual rework. The evaluation of quality and time for manual post-processing by dental technicians confirmed the measurement-based ranking of the bars.

Conclusion:
It is desirable to define a clear roughness threshold for the clinical acceptance of transmucosal CAD/CAM generated surfaces. Clinical studies with profilometric data could help to further improve the surface quality of CAD/CAM milled bars and reduce the need for manual reworking time and effort.
Low Prevalence of Common Sexually Transmitted Infections Contrasting with High Prevalence of Mycoplasma Asymptomatic Genital Carriage: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey in Adult Women Living in N’Djamena, Chad
Authors: Compain Fabrice , Nodjikouambaye Zita A. , Sadjoli Damtheou , Moussa Ali M. , Adawaye Chatté , Bouassa Ralph-Sydney M. , Koyalta Donato , Tonen-Wolyec Serge , Péré Hélène , Podglajen Isabelle , Bélec Laurent 
Published: September 2019

Background:
We herein report a cross-sectional study which consecutively enrolled adult women from the community living in N'Djamena, Chad. The aim of the study was to estimate the burden of asymptomatic genital carriage of common curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis) and genital Mycoplasma spp., as well as to assess their possible associated risk factors.

Methods:
A total of 251 women were consecutively included and screened for common curable STIs as well as for genital mycoplasma carriage by multiplex real-time PCR.

Results:
Only seven (2.8%) women were found to be infected with at least one common STI by multiplex real-time PCR: C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium and T. vaginalis were recovered from 3 (1.2%), 1 (0.4%), 4 (1.6%) and 1 (0.4%) women, respectively. No sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics could be associated in multivariate analysis with the genital carriage of the four detected common curable STIs. In contrast, the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas was much higher (54.2%) with a predominance of Ureaplasma parvum (42.6% of the total population).

Conclusion:
Our study shows a low prevalence of common STIs in contrast with a high prevalence of mycoplasmas among asymptomatic adult women recruited on a community basis in Chad. These observations highlight the need for etiologic management of STIs relying on PCR-based techniques rather than a syndromic approach in resource-limited countries.