bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue-collar workplace communicative practices: a case study in construction sites in Qatar
Authors: Theodoropoulou Irene 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the role of language in multilingual blue-collar workplaces by investigating how communication is realized in construction sites in Qatar. The State of Qatar offers a unique and, hence, very interesting setting for the linguistic investigation of migration-related issues, such as multilingualism (Pietikäinen et al. in Sociolinguistics from the periphery: small languages in new circumstances, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2016), due to the fact that over 90% of its population consists of non-citizens (Ahmad, in: Kamrava, Babar (eds) Migrant labor in the Persian Gulf, Hurst & Company, London, pp 21–40, 2015). In addition, after its successful bid to host the World Cup 2022, the country is currently witnessing a rapid transformation of its landscape evident through its massive number of construction sites, where people of different national, ethnic and social class backgrounds from all over the world are hired to work together in developing the infrastructure that is part of the ambitious Qatar Vision 2030. Against this backdrop, the focus is on the sociolinguistic resources (Blommaert in The sociolinguistics of globalization, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010) mobilized in a construction site at a university in Qatar. The multilingual community of practice (Lave and Wenger in Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1991) investigated consists of blue-collar workers from India and their communication practices with their supervisors, who are project site engineers from all over the world. In such transnational fields, where effective communication is a sine qua non not only for the successful completion of the project or infrastructure itself but also, and perhaps most importantly, for the safety of everybody involved in the construction, multilingualism is the norm. It is argued that communication is realized through spatial repertoires (Canagarajah, in: Canagarajah (ed) The Routledge handbook of migration and language, Routledge, New York, pp 1–28, 2017), that are constructed and used as ingroup markers to facilitate communication among people from different nationalities, ethnicities and social classes. The ethnographic data, collected for almost 13 months, comprise voice-recorded interactions, field notes from on-site participant observation as well as ethnographic interviews with select blue-collar workers and their supervisors. The linguistic and exolinguistic analysis is contextualized in the broader socio-political and economic forces of Qatar (Fromherz in Qatar. A modern history, Georgetown University Press, Washington, 2012; Kamrava in Qatar: small state, big politics, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 2015; chapters in Kamrava and Babar in Migrant labor in the Persian Gulf, Hurst & Company, London, 2015).
The effects of ‘preferedness of task’ on stress, emotion, and behaviour responses to forced activity transitions in boys with ASD
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit distress when asked to transition from one task to another. This study aimed to determine if physiological stress during transition was due to ASD‐related rigidity or to their preference for some tasks over others.MethodThe effects of change of task alone versus a change in task ‘preferedness’ when undergoing forced activity transition were investigated in 29 boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder.ResultsTotal sample data indicated a significant increase in heart rate (HR) during transition from a preferred to a non‐preferred task, but not during transition from one preferred task to another preferred task, or from a non‐preferred task to a preferred task. These data are suggestive of an effect due to the ‘preferedness’ of the task rather than just the change in task alone. Two subgroups of participants emerged, one which followed the ‘expected’ HR responsivity model to stress, and one which failed to follow that model.ConclusionTransition‐related distress may be confounded by preferredness of task when understanding transition stress in boys with ASD.
Gravity and Magnetic Modeling of Central Italy: Insights Into the Depth Extent of the Seismogenic Layer
Authors: Mancinelli P. , Porreca M. , Pauselli C. , Minelli G. , Barchi M.R. , Speranza F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe recent 2016–2017 seismic sequence in Central Italy has prompted the investigation of several geological and geophysical data in order to derive more accurate subsurface geological models. We present the results of combined gravity and magnetic modeling performed along three sections crossing the area of the seismic sequence in order to evaluate the geological parameters controlling or affecting the thickness of the seismogenic layer of this part of the Apennines. The models are constructed using all the available geological and petrophysical constraints derived from previous studies. Resulting models are consistent with the top of the basement located at 8‐ to 12‐km depth and contribute to the geological and geophysical understanding of the area investigating the role of the basement in the seismic events. The basement, involved in Miocene thrusting, formed the base of seismicity for the recent seismic sequence in the area. Moreover, the models provide information about the nature and composition of the basement and lower crust. Finally, these findings contribute in the investigation of the mechanisms controlling the thickness of the seismogenic layer in extensional postorogenic scenarios.
ArcCRUST: Arctic Crustal Thickness From 3‐D Gravity Inversion
Authors: Lebedeva‐Ivanova Nina , Gaina Carmen , Minakov Alexander , Kashubin Sergey 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ArcCRUST model consists of crustal thickness and estimated crustal thinning factors grids for the High Arctic and Circum‐Arctic regions (north of 67°N). This model is derived by using 3‐D forward and inverse gravity modeling. Updated sedimentary thickness grid, an oceanic lithosphere age model together with inferred microcontinent rifting ages, variable crystalline crust and sediment densities, and dynamic topography models constrain this inversion. We use published high‐quality 2‐D seismic crustal‐scale models to create a database of Depths to Seismic Moho (DSM) profiles. To check the quality of the ArcCRUST model, we have performed a statistical analysis of misfits between the ArcCRUST Moho depths and DSM values. Systematic analysis of the misfits within the Arctic sedimentary basins provides information about tectonic processes unaccounted by the assumed model of pure‐shear lithospheric extension. In particular, our model implies a less dense and/or thin mantle lithosphere underneath microcontinents in the deep Arctic Ocean where the ArcCRUST depth to Moho values exceed the DSM. A systematically larger gravity‐derived crustal thickness (~3 km) under the western and northern Greenland Sea points to a hotter upper mantle implied by the seismic tomography models in the North Atlantic.
Spatiotemporal Controls on Observed Daytime Ozone Deposition Velocity Over Northeastern U.S. Forests During Summer
Authors: Clifton O. E. , Fiore A. M. , Munger J. W. , Wehr R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSpatiotemporal variability in ozone dry deposition is often overlooked despite its implications for interpreting and modeling tropospheric ozone concentrations accurately. Understanding the influences of stomatal versus nonstomatal deposition processes on ozone deposition velocity is important for attributing observed changes in the ozone depositional sink and associated damage to ecosystems. Here, we aim to identify the stomatal versus nonstomatal deposition processes driving observed variability in ozone deposition velocity over the northeastern United States during June–September. We use ozone eddy covariance measurements from Harvard Forest in Massachusetts, which span a decade, and from Kane Experimental Forest in Pennsylvania and Sand Flats State Forest in New York, which span one growing season each, along with observation‐driven modeling. Using a cumulative precipitation indicator of soil wetness, we infer that high soil uptake during dry years and low soil uptake during wet years may contribute to the twofold interannual variability in ozone deposition velocity at Harvard Forest. We link stomatal deposition and humidity to variability in ozone deposition velocity on daily timescales. The humidity dependence may reflect higher uptake by leaf cuticles under humid conditions, noted in previous work. Previous work also suggests that uptake by leaf cuticles may be enhanced after rain, but we find that increases in ozone deposition velocity on rainy days are instead mostly associated with increases in stomatal conductance. Our analysis highlights a need for constraints on subseasonal variability in ozone dry deposition to soil and fast in‐canopy chemistry during ecosystem stress.
Synoptic‐Scale Precursors of Extreme U.K. Summer 3‐Hourly Rainfall
Authors: Champion Adrian J. , Blenkinsop Stephen , Li Xiao‐Feng , Fowler Hayley J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe synoptic‐scale meteorological conditions leading up to the 30 most extreme subdaily summer rain events for two regions of the United Kingdom (northwest and southeast) were examined for the period 1979–2013. Using a recently available, quality controlled, national hourly rain gauge data set, we were able to identify extreme 3‐hr rainfall accumulations that may be indicative of flash flooding. Composites of the state of the atmosphere leading up to these dates were produced to investigate synoptic‐scale processes, thus potentially allowing for them to be identified in coarse resolution reanalyses and in climate models. The results show that the two regions have different dominant synoptic‐scale conditions leading to extreme 3‐hr rainfall, which is thought to be related to the type of rainfall typically experienced in each region. In particular, positive anomalies in mean sea level pressure and the geopotential height at 200 hPa over the United Kingdom are associated with extreme rainfall in the northwest, where the position of the westerly jet is also important. For the southeast, no clear anomalous synoptic‐scale conditions could be identified; however, localized moisture sources and unstable air masses were observed in association with extremes. These results indicate the importance of better understanding of both synoptic‐scale and thermodynamic drivers of short‐duration extreme rainfall, with potential implications in forecasting and flood warning, as well as for understanding the representation of key processes by regional climate models.
Impact of Anthropogenic Emission Injection Height Uncertainty on Global Sulfur Dioxide and Aerosol Distribution
Authors: Yang Yang , Smith Steven J. , Wang Hailong , Lou Sijia , Rasch Philip J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic sulfur compounds play an important role in acid deposition, aerosol particle formation, and subsequent radiative forcing and human fine particulate exposure. There are substantial uncertainties in processes influencing sulfate and precursor distributions, however, that have not yet been resolved through comparisons with observations. We find here an underappreciated factor that has a large impact on model results: uncertain emission height. Global aerosol‐climate model simulations indicate that the assumed effective anthropogenic emission height is very important to SO2 near‐surface concentrations and vertical profile. The global range of near‐surface SO2 concentration over land (ocean) due to uncertainty in industrial (international shipping) emission injection height is 81% (76%), relative to the average concentration. This sensitivity is much larger than the uncertainty of SO2 emission rates. Black carbon and primary organic matter concentration and profiles are also sensitive to emission heights (53% over land and 28% over oceans). The impact of emission height uncertainty is larger in winter for land‐based emissions, but larger in summer over the Northern Hemisphere ocean for shipping emissions. The variation in aerosol optical depth related to shipping emission injection heights is 11% over oceans, revealing the potential importance of injection height on aerosol forcing and climatic effects. The large impact on SO2 concentrations can confound attempts to use surface, aircraft, and satellite observations to constrain the importance of other processes that govern sulfur compound distributions in the atmosphere. The influence of emission height on vertical SO2 column also will impact the accuracy of satellite retrievals.
New Constraints on the Thermal Conductivity of the Upper Mantle From Numerical Models of Radiation Transport
Authors: Grose Christopher J. , Afonso Juan C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo address uncertainties in the values and mathematical form of the radiative thermal conductivity krad in the mantle, we developed new models for the transport, scattering, and absorption of thermal radiation in semitransparent multiphase polycrystalline assemblages. We show that the Rosseland diffusion equation correctly describes the diffusion of thermal radiation and infer the form of the effective spectral coefficients through numerical experimentation. We show that the scattering coefficient depends on the grain size and on interphase contact statistics in complicated ways, but that simplifications can be employed in practice. The effective opacity of a composite random material is a harmonically weighted mixture in the limit of infinitely large grain size and an arithmetically weighted mixture in the limit of infinitesimal grain size. Using existing absorption spectra for major upper mantle minerals, we estimate krad as a function of temperature, grain size, and petrology. In mantle assemblages, the scattering effect is important for small grain sizes (<1 mm), but the grain size effect on the effective opacity of a multiphase medium is important for grain sizes up to 10 cm. We calculate that upper mantle krad is about 2–3.5 W·m−1·K−1 for a representative mean grain size range of 0.01 to 1 cm. This translates to a total thermal conductivity of 5.5–7 W·m−1·K−1. Application of our model to the cooling of oceanic lithosphere shows that krad increases net cooling by about 25%.
Substrate resistivity influence on silicon–germanium phototransistor performance
Authors: Tegegne Z.G. , Nanni J. , Viana C. , Tartarini G. , Polleux J.‐L. 
Published: April 2019

This Letter presents the impact of silicon substrate resistivity on SiGe phototransistors. SiGe phototransistors were fabricated on the commercially available SiGe/Si bipolar technology. The performances of the phototransistors fabricated based on low‐ and the high‐resistive silicon substrate are compared. The phototransistor based on low‐resistivity (LR) silicon substrate provides a responsivity of more than double compared to the phototransistor based on a high‐resistivity silicon substrate that is fabricated by using the same bipolar transistor technology. The phototransistor fabricated on LR substrate exhibits low‐frequency responsivity up to 1.35 A/W (at 50 MHz).
Measurement of the rotational sense and velocity of an object using OAM wave in the radio‐frequency band
Authors: Brousseau C. , Mahdjoubi K. , Emile O. 
Published: April 2019

A method is presented to improve the determination of the rotational velocity of an on‐axis spinning object. It uses the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of an electromagnetic wave at 2.47 GHz, and measures the rotational Doppler frequency shift of a reflected wave. From this shift, the rotational velocity and the direction of rotation can be directly estimated with very good accuracy.
Macromolecular relaxation, strain, and extensibility determine elastocapillary thinning and extensional viscosity of polymer solutions
Authors: Dinic Jelena , Sharma Vivek 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceMacromolecules are often used as additives to modify flow behavior (rheology and processability) in myriad applications that involve drop formation or liquid transfer. However, processability is usually expressed in heuristic terms like jettability, printability, sprayability, spinnability, and so on and the influence of material properties is poorly understood and characterized. We utilize the recently developed dripping-onto-substrate rheometry to obtain fundamental and hitherto unreported insights into macromolecular properties (strain, relaxation, conformational transitions, and finite extensibility) that influence drop formation dynamics. We anticipate our findings will impact and inspire macromolecular engineering approaches for designing processing-friendly formulations.
The barcode, UMI, set format and BUStools
Authors: Melsted Páll , Ntranos Vasilis , Pachter Lior 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Summary
We introduce the Barcode-UMI-Set format (BUS) for representing pseudoalignments of reads from single-cell RNA-seq experiments. The format can be used with all single-cell RNA-seq technologies, and we show that BUS files can be efficiently generated. BUStools is a suite of tools for working with BUS files and facilitates rapid quantification and analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data. The BUS format therefore makes possible the development of modular, technology-specific and robust workflows for single-cell RNA-seq analysis.

Availability and implementation
http://BUStools.github.io/ and http://pachterlab.github.io/kallisto/singlecell.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Endoscopic Resections in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicentre European Outcomes Study
Authors: Alkandari A , Thayalasekaran S , Bhandari M , Przybysz A , Bugajski M , Bassett P , Kandiah K , Subramaniam S , Galtieri P , Maselli R , Spychalski M , Hayee B , Haji A , Repici A , Kaminski M , Bhandari P 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, with estimates ranging 2–18%, depending on the duration of colitis. The management of neoplasia in colitis remains controversial. Current guidelines recommend endoscopic resection if the lesion is clearly visible with distinct margins. Colectomy is recommended if complete endoscopic resection is not guaranteed. We aimed to assess the outcomes of all neoplastic endoscopic resections in inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods
This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study of 119 lesions of visible dysplasia in 93 patients, resected endoscopically in inflammatory bowel disease.

Results
A total of 6/65 [9.2%] lesions <20 mm in size were treated by ESD [endoscopic submucosal dissection] compared with 59/65 [90.8%] lesions <20 mm treated by EMR [endoscopic mucosal resection]; 16/51 [31.4%] lesions >20 mm in size were treated by EMR vs 35/51 [68.6%] by ESD. Almost all patients [97%] without fibrosis were treated by EMR, and patients with fibrosis were treated by ESD [87%], p < 0.001. In all, 49/78 [63%] lesions treated by EMR were resected en-bloc and 27/41 [65.9%] of the ESD/KAR [knife-assisted resection] cases were resected en-bloc, compared with 15/41 [36.6%] resected piecemeal. Seven recurrences occurred in the cohort. Seven complications occurred in the cohort; six were managed endoscopically and one patient with a delayed perforation underwent surgery.

Conclusions
Larger lesions with fibrosis are best treated by ESD, whereas smaller lesions without fibrosis are best managed by EMR. Both EMR and ESD are feasible in the management of endoscopic resections in colitis.
Long-term Clinical Effectiveness of Ustekinumab in Patients with Crohn’s Disease Who Failed Biologic Therapies: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Liefferinckx Claire , Verstockt Bram , Gils Ann , Noman Maja , Van Kemseke Catherine , Macken Elisabeth , De Vos Martine , Van Moerkercke Wouter , Rahier Jean-Francois , Bossuyt Peter , Dutré Joris , Humblet Evelien , Staessen Dirk , Peeters Harald , Van Hootegem Philippe , Louis Edouard , Franchimont Denis , Baert Filip , Vermeire Séverine ,   Belgian Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Development Group [BIRD group]
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Ustekinumab [UST] was recently approved in Europe for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn’s disease [CD]. Long-term real-world data are currently scarce for CD patients previously exposed to several biologics.

Methods
This is an observational, national, retrospective multicentre study. Patients received intravenous UST ~6 mg/kg at baseline, with 90 mg subcutaneously thereafter every 8 weeks. Response and remission rates were assessed at Weeks 8, 16, and 52.

Results
Data from 152 patients were analysed. All patients were exposed to at least one anti-TNFα agent, with 69.7% were exposed to even two anti-TNFα and vedolizumab. After 1 year, 42.1% and 25.7% of patients had experienced clinical response and clinical remission, respectively, and 38.8% and 24.3% had achieved steroid-free clinical response and remission, respectively; 38.8% of patients discontinued therapy during the 12 months of follow-up. Colonic location was predictive of clinical response at 1 year, and low body mass index [BMI] at baseline was a negative predictor of clinical remission. Resolution of arthralgia was associated with clinical response over time. De novo arthralgia was reported by 17.9% of patients at Week 8 and 13.5% of patients at Week 52. No impact of UST on arthralgia was observed in patients with concomitant ankylosing spondylitis [n = 17]. Others adverse events were reported in 7.2% of patients.

Conclusions
This real-world cohort study confirms the effectiveness of UST in CD patients previously exposed to several biologics. Ustekinumab was well tolerated with respect to adverse events.

Podcast
This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast