bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Repeated Bouts of Exercise on the Hemostatic System
Authors: van der Vorm Lisa , Huskens Dana , Kicken Cécile , Remijn Jasper , Roest Mark , de Laat Bas , Miszta Adam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhysical activity is beneficial for health, for example, by lowering the risk of cardiovascular events. However, vigorous exercise is associated with the occurrence of thromboembolic events and sudden cardiac death, in particular in untrained individuals. Whereas acute exercise is known to cause a hypercoagulable state, repeated exposure to (strenuous) exercise by means of training may actually condition the hemostatic response to exercise. To date, the effects of exercise training on blood coagulability and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully discerned. In this review, the authors provide an overview of existing literature on how training programs and training status influence hemostasis in healthy individuals. Furthermore, they present data of a pilot study in which we studied the effects of repetitive submaximal intensity cycling on procoagulant and anticoagulant processes. It is known that factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) increase after exercise, but we found that this increase in FVIII and VWF (antigen, propeptide, and VWF in active conformation) was smaller on each of three subsequent days, suggesting either adaptation of endothelial activation or exhaustion of endothelial VWF supplies. With respect to thrombin generation, elevated FVIII significantly increased the thrombin generation peak but not the endogenous thrombin potential. In contrast, platelet activation in terms of P-selectin expression after stimulation with protease-activated receptor-1 and glycoprotein VI agonists decreased after exercise and did not recover, indicating exhaustion of the platelet response to repetitive exercise.
Quantitative and functional posttranslational modification proteomics reveals that TREPH1 plays a role in plant touch-delayed bolting
Authors: Wang Kai , Yang Zhu , Qing Dongjin , Ren Feng , Liu Shichang , Zheng Qingsong , Liu Jun , Zhang Weiping , Dai Chen , Wu Madeline , Chehab E. Wassim , Braam Janet , Li Ning 
Published: October 2018

SignificancePlants respond to a delicate force signal, such as a light touch, similar to animal neural systems, as demonstrated by thigmotropism, thigmonastic movement, and thigmomorphogenesis. To understand the force-signaling networks, we applied stable isotope labeling inArabidopsis(SILIA)-based quantitative posttranslational modification proteomics to assess protein phosphorylation changes inArabidopsissubjected to 40-second cotton-swab touch, identified 4,895 nonredundant phosphopeptides, 579 of which are previously unreported phosphosites derived from 509 phosphoprotein groups, and identified 24 TOUCH-REGULATED PHOSPHOPROTEIN (TREPH) groups. Molecular biological, genetic, and bioinformatic analyses revealed that the previously uncharacterized TREPH1 protein is required for the bolting-delay aspect of theArabidopsistouch response. These studies suggest that protein phosphorylation and the TREPH1 protein are critical for the mechanotransduction pathway leading to an aspect of plant thigmomorphogenesis.
Phenotypic plasticity of floral volatiles in response to increasing drought stress
Authors: Campbell Diane R , Sosenski Paula , Raguso Robert A 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background and Aims
Flowers emit a wide range of volatile compounds which can be critically important to interactions with pollinators or herbivores. Yet most studies of how the environment influences plant volatiles focus on leaf emissions, with little known about abiotic sources of variation in floral volatiles. Understanding phenotypic plasticity in floral volatile emissions has become increasingly important with globally increasing temperatures and changes in drought frequency and severity. Here quantitative relationships of floral volatile emissions to soil water content were analysed.

Methods
Plants of the sub-alpine herb Ipomopsis aggregata and hybrids with its closest congener were subjected to a progressive dry down, mimicking the range of soil moistures experienced in the field. Floral volatiles and leaf gas exchange were measured at four time points during the drought.

Key Results
As the soil dried, floral volatile emissions increased overall and changed in composition, from more 1,3-octadiene and benzyl alcohol to higher representation of some terpenes. Emissions of individual compounds were not linearly related to volumetric water content in the soil. The dominant compound, the monoterpene α-pinene, made up the highest percentage of the scent mixture when soil moisture was intermediate. In contrast, emission of the sesquiterpene (E,E)-α-farnesene accelerated as the drought became more intense. Changes in floral volatiles did not track the time course of changes in photosynthetic rate or stomatal conductance.

Conclusions
This study shows responses of specific floral volatile organic compounds to soil moisture. The non-linear responses furthermore suggest that extreme droughts may have impacts that are not predictable from milder droughts. Floral volatiles are likely to change seasonally with early summer droughts in the Rocky Mountains, as well as over years as snowmelt becomes progressively earlier. Changes in water availability may have impacts on plant–animal interactions that are mediated through non-linear changes in floral volatiles.
Root system size response of bzh semi-dwarf oilseed rape hybrids to different nitrogen levels in the field
Authors: Schierholt Antje , Tietz Tina , Bienert Gerd Patrick , Gertz Andreas , Miersch Sebastian , Becker Heiko C 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsIn oilseed rape (Brassica napus) semi-dwarf hybrid varieties from crosses between bzh dwarf and normal-type lines are of increasing interest. They have improved nitrogen (N) uptake, N-utilization and N-use efficiency compared to normal types. This study aimed to elucidate whether these N-related effects can be explained by the bzh shoot growth-type alone or also by differences in root traits.MethodsRoot system size was measured using root electrical capacitance (EC) in field trials with two N levels in two sets of genotypes segregating for the bzh-locus: (1) 108 doubled haploid (DH) test hybrids in two seasons, 2010–2012, and (2) 16 near-isogenic hybrids in the 2016–17 season. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for root EC were estimated in DH test hybrids. Seedling root architecture parameters were monitored in vitro.Key ResultsIn vitro root growth showed a higher root: shoot ratio in bzh semi-dwarf hybrids. Root EC in field trials was higher at high N supply than at zero N fertilization. In most trials semi-dwarf hybrids had higher EC than normal-type hybrids, but they reduced root EC in response to N limitation more than normal types. Root EC was more heritable at the end of flowering (h2 = 0.73) than at the beginning of flowering (h2 = 0.36) in near-isogenic hybrids and had a lower heritability in trials of DH test hybrids (h2 = 0.27). A QTL for root EC in the genomic region of the bzh-locus on linkage group A06 was significant at zero N fertilization.ConclusionsRoot EC proved to be a meaningful method in oilseed rape breeding programmes targeting root system size. The greater reduction of semi-dwarf root EC compared to the normal type under low N supply with simultaneous increase in N efficiency implies that in roots it is not a question of ‘the more the merrier’ and that the bzh root system reacts highly economically when N is scarce.
Size and contrast increase the divertive effect of eyespots
Authors: Kjernsmo Karin , Grönholm Miranda , Merilaita Sami 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent studies have shown that some eyespots of prey divert the strikes of predators, increasing the likelihood of prey escape. However, little is known about what makes eyespots effective divertive (deflective) prey marks. The size of eyespots varies much both between and even within taxa. Yet, whether size is important for the divertive function of eyespots is unknown. Furthermore, eyespots have often been described as highly contrasting, but the effects of contrast on the divertive function of eyespots has never been tested experimentally. Using artificial prey and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as a model for predator cognition and behavior, we tested the importance of size as well as internal contrast for the divertive effect of eyespots. We independently increased the internal contrast and size of eyespots and found that both increased the divertive effect. The effect of size was significant over all 4 subsequent prey presentations, whereas the effect of contrast decreased after the initial presentations. These results suggest that the size and contrast of divertive marks are probably shaped by selection imposed by predation. We also discuss the involvement of predation in the seasonal and ontogenic plasticity of eyespots found in some taxa.
Short lifetime structures appearing in RNA and DNA
Authors: Nishigaki Koichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe structure and function of unstable single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) have not been widely examined. While numerous studies have investigated DNA as an information molecule, the different potentials of DNA, particularly those of ssDNA, remain unclear. For polypeptides, the significance of denatured structures has been established in the past two decades. Polynucleotides have chemically distinct properties from polypeptides, but their behaviours have not been thoroughly studied. In this review, three different phenomena related to unstable ssDNA are discussed: i) ssDNA cleavage of restriction enzymes; ii) single-stranded conformation polymorphism, which can be theoretically explained by single-stranded conformation dynamics; and iii) random PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). These features can be utilized for scientific or technical applications. Previous studies showed that the phenomena exhibited by ssDNA were correctly understood only when unstable and transient structures were taken into account. Transient structures of ssDNA may have undiscovered functions governed by very rapid processes and/or multi-diversity states because of their intrinsic natures.
Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa
Authors: Uyeki Timothy M , Bernstein Henry H , Bradley John S , Englund Janet A , File Thomas M , Fry Alicia M , Gravenstein Stefan , Hayden Frederick G , Harper Scott A , Hirshon Jon Mark , Ison Michael G , Johnston B Lynn , Knight Shandra L , McGeer Allison , Riley Laura E , Wolfe Cameron R , Alexander Paul E , Pavia Andrew T 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThese clinical practice guidelines are an update of the guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 2009, prior to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. This document addresses new information regarding diagnostic testing, treatment and chemoprophylaxis with antiviral medications, and issues related to institutional outbreak management for seasonal influenza. It is intended for use by primary care clinicians, obstetricians, emergency medicine providers, hospitalists, laboratorians, and infectious disease specialists, as well as other clinicians managing patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza. The guidelines consider the care of children and adults, including special populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and immunocompromised patients.
Towards an Effective Syntax and a Generator for Deterministic Standard Regular Expressions
Authors: Xu Zhiwu , Lu Ping , Chen Haiming 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Deterministic regular expressions are a core part of XML Schema and used in other applications. But unlike regular expressions, deterministic regular expressions do not have a simple syntax, instead they are defined in a semantic manner. Moreover, not every regular expression can be rewritten to an equivalent deterministic regular expression. These properties of deterministic regular expressions put a burden on the user to develop XML Schema Definitions and to use deterministic regular expressions. In this paper, we propose a syntax for deterministic standard regular expressions (DREGs), and prove that the syntax of DREGs is context-free. Based on the context-free grammars for DREGs, we further design a generator for DREGs, which can generate DREGs randomly, and be used in applications associated with DREGs, e.g. benchmarking a validator for DTD or XML Schema, and inclusion checking of DTD and XML Schema. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the generator.
The Revd George Lewis: his life and collection
Authors: Ansorge Catherine 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In 1727 the Revd George Lewis (c. 1663–1729) donated a wooden cabinet containing a diverse collection of items, including many manuscripts, to Cambridge University Library. Lewis was chaplain to the East India Company at Fort St George, Madras, 1692–1714 when the contents of the cabinet were collected. The cabinet and its contents are described, as are the interests and activities of Lewis, while in Fort St George. The manuscript collection is described in further detail and the ways in which it reflects Lewis’s own interests are assessed. This investigation throws new light on the Lewis collection, the man, his interests and his life.
“Normal Enough”: Paula Patton, Intellectually Disabled Immigrant Children, and the 1924 Immigration Act
Authors: Golden Janet , T. Duffy John 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Focusing on immigration in the 1920s, we trace the history of efforts made on behalf of intellectually disabled children who entered the United States on bond during World War I and were subsequently given orders of deportation. Thanks to the activism of community members and ethnic organizations who brought federal lawsuits on their behalf and reached out to Congress and to Presidents Harding and Coolidge, the Immigration Act of 1924 permitted the secretary of labor to allow these young people to remain in the United States. We suggest the need to reconsider the chronology of activism on behalf of the disabled and argue that community skepticism about deportation deserves greater exploration. Finally, we note the challenges to medical authority posed by supporters of the intellectually disabled. Our analysis focuses on the example of Paula Patton, an intellectually disabled girl, and on Clara Kinley, the community activist who supported Paula’s effort to avoid deportation.
Adoption of Evidence-Based Medicine in Clinical Laboratory Science: A Survey of the Prevalence of Systematic and Narrative Reviews
Authors: Pearson Lauren N , Schmidt Robert L 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Systematic reviews (SRs) play a critical role in evidence-based medicine.

Objective
To determine the publication trends of SRs in clinical laboratory science (CLS).

Methods
We searched Scopus to identify all reviews published in the top 20 CLS journals during the past 10 years (2008–2017). We determined year of publication, review type (systematic vs narrative), citations, and whether the review was accompanied by a meta-analysis (MA).

Results
We identified 2934 reviews. Of these, 2833 (96.6%) were narrative reviews, and 98 (3.3%) were SRs. A total of 67 (66.3%) of the SRs were accompanied by a MA. Three journals accounted for 68 of 98 (69.4%) SRs. The percentage of SRs (relative to all reviews) has increased during the past decade (P = .01). SRs were more frequently published in high-impact journals (P <.001).

Conclusion
The publication rate of SRs in CLS journals has increased during the past decade.
Case-based review: atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
Authors: Nesvick Cody L , Nageswara Rao Amulya A , Raghunathan Aditya , Biegel Jaclyn A , Daniels David J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare CNS cancer that typically occurs in children younger than 3 years of age. Histologically, AT/RTs are embryonal tumors that contain a rhabdoid component as well as areas with primitive neuroectodermal, mesenchymal, and epithelial features. Compared to other CNS tumors of childhood, AT/RTs are characterized by their rapid growth, short symptomatic prodrome, and large size upon presentation, often leading to brain compression and intracranial hypertension requiring urgent intervention. For decades, the mainstay of care has been a combination of maximal safe surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite advances in each of these modalities, the relative paucity of data on these tumors, their inherently aggressive course, and a lack of molecular data have limited advances in treatment over the past 3 decades. Recent large-scale, multicenter interdisciplinary studies, however, have significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors. Multiple clinical trials testing molecularly targeted therapies are underway, offering hope for patients with AT/RT and their families.
Preliminary Validation of a Two-Point Estimation Task for the Measurement of Sensory Dissociation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Adamczyk Wacław M , Sługocka Anna , Mehlich Krzysztof , Saulicz Edward , Luedtke Kerstin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesSensory dissociation (SEDI), the discrepancy between perception and actual size or shape of a painful body part, is a frequently observed finding in patients with chronic low back pain. However, the current methods of evaluating SEDI have several limitations, such as a qualitative nature and weak evidence supporting their reliability. In the current study, the reliability of two versions (manual and verbal) of a novel test, a two-point estimation task (TPE), was investigated.MethodsTo perform the manual version of the task, patients estimated the distance between two tactile stimuli delivered to their back using callipers, whereas in the verbal version they verbally reported the estimated distance.ResultsThe manual version of TPE showed greater interexaminer reliability than the verbal version, and the mean of the two repeated measurements was sufficient for reaching excellent reliability for the pain-free (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77–0.97) and painful (ICC = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.65–0.94) sides. Intra-examiner reliability was moderate to excellent (ICC = 0.66–0.96) for the manual version performed at the pain-free and painful sides. Distribution, duration, and intensity of pain significantly predicted SEDI and accounted for 42% of the total variance (corrected R2 = 0.42, P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsTPE showed higher reliability coefficients compared with tools previously suggested in the literature and can therefore be used clinically and experimentally by one or more examiners. Further research is required to investigate the validity of this new test.
What is a Right Distal Fusion Level for Prevention of Sagittal Imbalance in Multilevel Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery: C7 or T1?
Authors: Choi Seung-Jin , Suk Kyung-Soo , Yang Jae-Ho , Kim Hak-Sun , Lee Hwan-Mo , Moon Seong-Hwan , Lee Byung-Ho , Park Sang-Jun 
Published: October 2018

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To evaluate the sagittal alignment and T1 slope after multilevel posterior cervical fusion surgery depending on the distal fusion level; C7 or T1, and find out the appropriate distal fusion level.

Summary of Background Data:
The sagittal balance of the cervical spine is known to be affected by cervical lordosis and T1 slope. However, T1 slope is not a constant parameter that can be frequently changed after the surgery. Furthermore, useful studies to help guide surgeons in decision-making as to the most appropriate distal level of fusion for cervical sagittal balance are very limited.

Materials and Methods:
From 2014 to 2015, 50 patients who underwent multilevel posterior cervical fusion surgery were evaluated and followed up for >2 years. Group 1 was composed of 29 patients whose distal fusion level was C7. Group 2 was composed of 21 patients whose distal fusion level was T1. C1–C2 lordosis, C2–C7 lordosis, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and T1 slope were measured on preoperative and the last follow-up.

Results:
In group 1, C2–C7 SVA (23.1→30.4 mm, P=0.043) was worsened, and T1 slope (22.3→32.9 degrees, P=0.001) was increased after the surgery. In group 2, no significant change occurred in C2–C7 SVA after the surgery (25.3 →23.6 mm, P=0.648). The last follow-up T1 slope was similar with preoperative T1 slope (22.7→21.8 degrees, P=0.04) in group 2.

Conclusions:
This study showed that sagittal alignment became worse after the multilevel posterior cervical surgery when distal fusion level was stopped at C7, which was associated with increase of T1 slope. However, when we extended the distal fusion level to T1, T1 slope was not changed after the surgery. Therefore, sagittal alignment was maintained after the surgery. On the basis of the results of this study, we recommend distal fusion extends to T1.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Association Between Hospital and Surgeon Volume and Rectal Cancer Surgery Outcomes in Patients With Rectal Cancer Treated Since 2000: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chioreso Catherine , Del Vecchio Natalie , Schweizer Marin L. , Schlichting Jennifer , Gribovskaja-Rupp Irena , Charlton Mary E. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Previous reviews and meta-analyses, which predominantly focused on patients treated before 2000, have reported conflicting evidence about the association between hospital/surgeon volume and rectal cancer outcomes. Given advances in rectal cancer resection, such as total mesorectal excision, it is essential to determine whether volume plays a role in rectal cancer outcomes among patients treated since 2000.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between hospital/surgeon volume and rectal cancer surgery outcomes among patients treated since 2000.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched PubMed and EMBASE for articles published between January 2000 and December 29, 2017.

STUDY SELECTION:
Articles that analyzed the association between hospital/surgeon volume and rectal cancer outcomes were selected.

INTERVENTION:
Rectal cancer resection was the study intervention.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The outcome measures of this study were surgical morbidity, postoperative mortality, surgical margin positivity, permanent colostomy rates, recurrence, and overall survival.

RESULTS:
Although 2845 articles were retrieved and assessed by the search strategy, 21 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was a significant protective association between higher hospital volume and surgical morbidity (OR = 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70–0.93); I2 = 35%), permanent colostomy (OR = 0.51 (95% CI, 0.29–0.92); I2 = 34%), and postoperative mortality (OR = 0.62 (95% CI, 0.43–0.88); I2 = 34%), and overall survival (OR = 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98–1.00); I2 = 3%). Stratified analysis showed that the magnitude of association between hospital volume and rectal cancer surgery outcomes was stronger in the United States compared with other countries. Surgeon volume was not significantly associated with overall survival. The articles included in this analysis were high quality according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Funnel plots suggested that the potential for publication bias was low.

LIMITATIONS:
Some articles included rectosigmoid cancers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients diagnosed since 2000, higher hospital volume has had a significant protective effect on rectal cancer surgery outcomes.