bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of opportunistic infection in kidney transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection and associated outcomes
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Descourouez Jillian L. , Cardinale Brianna , Lyu Beini , Astor Brad C. , Garg Neetika , Saddler Christopher M. , Smith Jeannina A. , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients has been anecdotally observed with concomitant or subsequent opportunistic infections (OI), but this association has yet to be defined or quantified.MethodsPatients who received a renal transplant between 1/1/2005 and 6/30/2014 and developed CMV infection were matched to controls in a ratio of 1:2 and the rates of opportunistic co‐infection were calculated within pre‐specified time frames (−30 days to +90 days and −30 days to +180 days). The primary outcome was composite OI rate, and secondary outcomes included time to OI and patient and graft outcomes. CMV‐OI association rates were estimated via conditional logistic regression.ResultsThere were 2405 patients who received a renal transplant during the study period; 394 cases of CMV infection were identified. These cases were matched to 783 controls for a total of 805 participants. OI occurred in 14 patients in the CMV case group (CMV+) and in 5 patients in the control group (CMV‐) in the −30 to +90 day time period (3.55% vs 0.64%, OR = 5.60, 95% CI: 2.02‐12.55). When considering 180‐day follow‐up, OI occurred in 17 CMV+ patients and 8 CMV‐ patients (4.3% vs 1%, OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.83‐9.85). Mean time from CMV diagnosis to OI was 33 ± 64 days (median 7 days). Mortality was 3 times more likely in the group with concomitant OI (CMV+/OI+) as compared to a matched cohort of patients with CMV infection without OI (CMV+/OI‐) (unadjusted HR 3.02, 1.64‐5.55, Tables 6 and 7). Cumulative survival for CMV+/OI+ patients was significantly worse than CMV+/OI‐ patients (P < 0.01).ConclusionsCMV is associated with a significantly increased risk of co‐infection with OI, particularly fungal infections. Clinical suspicion for concomitant OI should drive further workup after a CMV diagnosis. Future studies are needed to better define those patients at highest risk to elucidate subpopulations where the benefits of prophylaxis outweigh the potential risks associated with these therapies.
A comprehensive time‐course metabolite profiling of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under diurnal light:dark cycles
Authors: Werner Allison , Broeckling Corey D. , Prasad Ashok , Peebles Christie A. M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryCyanobacteria are a model photoautotroph and a chassis for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Knowledge of photoautotrophic metabolism in the natural environment of day/night cycles is lacking, yet has implications for improved yield from plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Here, a thorough approach to characterizing diverse metabolites—including carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, pigments, cofactors, nucleic acids and polysaccharides—in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S. 6803) under sinusoidal diurnal light:dark cycles was developed and applied. A custom photobioreactor and multi‐platform mass spectrometry workflow enabled metabolite profiling every 30–120 min across a 24‐h diurnal sinusoidal LD (‘sinLD’) cycle peaking at 1600 μmol photons m−2 sec−1. We report widespread oscillations across the sinLD cycle with 90%, 94% and 40% of the identified polar/semi‐polar, non‐polar and polymeric metabolites displaying statistically significant oscillations, respectively. Microbial growth displayed distinct lag, biomass accumulation and cell division phases of growth. During the lag phase, amino acids and nucleic acids accumulated to high levels per cell followed by decreased levels during the biomass accumulation phase, presumably due to protein and DNA synthesis. Insoluble carbohydrates displayed sharp oscillations per cell at the day‐to‐night transition. Potential bottlenecks in central carbon metabolism are highlighted. Together, this report provides a comprehensive view of photosynthetic metabolite behavior with high temporal resolution, offering insight into the impact of growth synchronization to light cycles via circadian rhythms. Incorporation into computational modeling and metabolic engineering efforts promises to improve industrially relevant strain design.
HIV‐1/2 screening in blood centers: implementing a two‐step serological screening assay approach to reduce donor deferral
Authors: Stoyanov Evgeniy , Gozlan Yael , Wax Marina , Levin Evelina , Shvartz Lea , Shinar Eilat , Mendelson Ella , Mor Orna 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDScreening blood donations for human immunodeficiency virus 1/2 (HIV‐1/2) infection in blood centers is often done with a highly sensitive 3rd‐generation immunoassay which may cause false‐positive results. Donations found repeatedly reactive (RR) are discarded regardless of negative HIV‐1/2 nucleic acid testing (NAT) and confirmatory assays results. These donors are notified and deferred if RR in a subsequent donation. We evaluated the introduction of a secondary 4th‐generation serological assay to the overall algorithm performance.METHODSAll donations collected between January 2016 and May 2018 (574,338) were screened using 3rd‐generation immunoassay (PRISM HIV O Plus) and NAT (Procleix Ultrio/Ultrio Elite). Serology RR donations were tested with 4th‐generation Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo and Vidas HIV Duo Ultra and a confirmatory assay (Geenius HIV‐1/2).RESULTSThe two 4th‐generation assays found that 86% (179/209 on Architect) and 94% (182/193 on Vidas) of the 3rd‐generation immunoassay RR were negative for HIV‐1/2, which were also negative by confirmatory assay. Only 14% (30/209 on Architect) and 6% (11/193 on Vidas) that were 3rd‐generation HIV‐1/2 RR required confirmation, of which eight donors were confirmed as HIV positive. The probability of missing an HIV‐1 infected donor by this algorithm is one in a million RR cases.CONCLUSIONThe introduction of a two‐step serological screening algorithm in blood centers whereby 4th‐generation assay will be performed for all 3rd‐generation RR blood donors will reduce the number of donations requiring confirmation, save time and money, and most importantly, reduce the number of discarded blood donations and allow re‐entry processes.
Recipient's effects on stored red blood cell performance: the case of uremic plasma
Authors: Georgatzakou Hara T. , Tzounakas Vassilis L. , Velentzas Athanassios D. , Papassideri Issidora S. , Kokkalis Apostolos C. , Stamoulis Konstantinos E. , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Antonelou Marianna H. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDDespite universal administration of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents, patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are at high risk for presenting persistent anemia. Due to ambiguities in optimal hemoglobin targets and evidence of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO)‐related toxicity, an increase in blood transfusions has been observed in chronic renal disease over the past years. The probable effects of uremic plasma on the performance of stored red blood cells (RBCs) after transfusion have not been investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSLeukoreduced RBCs after short or long storage in CPD‐SAGM (n = 5) were assessed for hemolysis, surface removal signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and shape distortions before and after reconstitution with healthy (n = 10) or uremic plasma from ESRD patients (n = 20) for 24 hours at physiologic temperature, by using a previously reported in vitro model of transfusion.RESULTSTemperature and cell environment shifts from blood bag to plasma independently and in synergy affected the RBC physiology. Outcome measures at transfusion‐simulating conditions might not be analogous to timing of storage lesion. The uremic plasma ameliorated the susceptibility of stored RBCs to hemolysis, phosphatidylserine externalization, and ROS generation after stimulation by oxidants, but negatively affected shape homeostasis versus healthy plasma. Creatinine, uric acid, and EPO levels had correlations with the performance of stored RBCs in ESRD plasma.CONCLUSIONRenal insufficiency and EPO supplementation likely affect the recovery of donor RBCs and the reactivity of RBCs after transfusion by exerting both toxic and cytoprotective influences on them. ESRD patients constitute a specific recipient group that deserves further examination.
Signs consistent with syringobulbia may be detected in dogs undergoing MRI
Authors: Williamson Baye , Davies Emma , Epperly Erin , Roynard Patrick , Scrivani Peter V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSyringobulbia is a pathologic condition characterized by one or more fluid‐filled cavities within the brainstem. This retrospective case series describes observations in eight dogs with syringobulbia diagnosed during MRI. All dogs were adult, small‐breed dogs with concurrent syringomyelia and neurologic deficits localized to sites rostral to the spinal cord, which cannot be explained by syringomyelia (eg, six dogs had vestibular signs). On MRI, the fluid‐filled cavities had signal intensity characteristics like cerebrospinal fluid, were in the medulla oblongata, and were solitary in each dog. Initially, the shape of the cavity was a slit in five dogs and bulbous in two dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging was repeated in five dogs (6‐55 months of age). One dog had progression of syringobulbia from slit‐like to bulbous, and four dogs had unchanged slit‐like syringobulbia. One dog developed slit‐like syringobulbia after cranioplasty. A variety of medical and surgical treatments were performed with improvement of some but not all clinical signs. One dog died following surgery due to cardiopulmonary failure and the other seven dogs were alive at least 1 year after the initial diagnosis, which was the least time of follow‐up. One surviving dog developed a unilateral hypoglossal nerve deficit 2 months after the initial diagnosis and megaesophagus 14 months later. In conclusion, detecting a fluid‐filled cavity in the medulla oblongata consistent with syringobulbia is possible in dogs undergoing MRI. The cavity is likely acquired, slit‐like or bulbous, progressive, or static, and might be associated with breed size and neurologic signs localized to the medulla oblongata.
Exploring the Effect of Dihedral Energy on the Nonlinear Mechanics of the Carbon Nanotubes Using a Multiscale Modeling
Authors: Singh Sandeep 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A hierarchical multiscale finite element model is employed to investigate the effect of dihedral energy term on the numerical simulation of two-dimensional materials. The numerical examples of the carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets are studied employing a refined constitutive model in conjunction with a multiscale finite element method. The constitutive law refined with the greater accuracy on the bending modulus using second generation reactive empirical bond order potential with dihedral energy term is employed to investigate the linear and nonlinear response of the carbon nanotubes incorporating material and Green–Lagrange geometric nonlinearities. The inclusion of the dihedral energy term predicts bending modulus close to those of through first principle calculations. The deformations at the nanoscale and macroscopic scales are related through the Cauchy–Born rule. The effect of the dihedral energy term on the response of the carbon nanotubes is studied in detail. The governing equation of motion for the carbon nanotubes is formulated through Hamilton’s energy principle. The spatial approximation of the carbon nanotubes at the continuum scale is attained through the finite element method. The membrane locking in the circumferential strain is eliminated through the membrane consistent interpolation functions obtained through the least-square method.
Pharmacy services at the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Authors: Stuart Mark , Kwon Young In , Rhie Sandy Jeong 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivePharmacy services at large multisport events support safe and effective medication use. Our aim is to describe the contribution of pharmacists and to share the pharmacy experiences at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Games.MethodsThe data collected included the accreditation details of patients and prescribers indicating: sport, country, athlete or non-athlete status, and prescription details including: medication, strength, frequency, length of treatment, for the period of the Olympic Games (1–26 February 2018) and the Paralympic Games (5–20 March 2018). The numbers of prescriptions dispensed were analysed by medication category, sports and country of the patient.ResultsA total of 5313 medication items were dispensed over the course of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (athletes: 670; non-athletes: 4615; unknown: 28), for a total of 2360 patients. 72 of 82 countries (87.8%) had fewer than 20 patient visits. The first high peak (Olympic: 5.0%; Paralympic: 7.3%) of daily volume of prescriptions were dispensed in the 2 days prior to the Olympic and the 1 day prior to Paralympic opening ceremonies. Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) and International Olympic Committee NeedlePolicy were well managed and compliant with the regulations.ConclusionPharmacy services at major multisport games include dispensing over 5000 prescriptions, supporting the TUE and IOC Needle Policy processes and providing clinical information to athletes and prescribers on drugs in sports and the World Anti-Doping Agency regulations of drugs prohibited in sport. During the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, pharmacists played a crucial role in delivering safe and effective pharmacy service based on their expert knowledge in antidoping and the clinical use of drugs in sport.
Long-standing groin pain in contact sports: a prospective case–control and MRI study
Authors: Paajanen Hannu , Hermunen Heikki , Ristolainen Leena , Branci Sonia 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesWe aimed to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of long-standing groin pain and related MRI findings in contact sports.MethodsThis case–control study followed three male elite-level soccer, ice-hockey and bandy teams (102 players) for 2 years. All athletes with long-standing groin pain lasting >30 days and age-matched controls (1:3) from the same teams were examined clinically, using pelvic MRI and Hip and Groin Outcome Scores (HAGOS). Primary outcome measures were annual prevalence of groin pain and underlying MRI findings.ResultsThe annual prevalence of chronic groin pain was 7.5%. Training characteristics and pain scores of athletes were similar in all teams. On MRI, there was no significant difference in the percentage of pubic bone marrow oedema (p = 0.80) between symptomatic players (8/15; 53%) versus controls (20/43; 47%), but adductor tendinopathy and degenerative changes at the pubic symphysis were twice more common among players with pain. Rectus muscle or iliopsoas pathology were seldom observed. Lower HAGOS subscales (p < 0.01) were recorded in players who experienced groin pain compared with the controls.ConclusionLong-standing groin pain was observed annually in 1 of 14 athletes in contact sports. Abnormalities in the pubic symphysis were common MRI findings in both symptomatic and asymptomatic players.Trial registration numberNCT02560480
Influence of type and duration of training on the presence of an abnormal ECG in high-performance athletes
Authors: Verrall Geoffrey , Hains Angus , Ayres Bronte , Hillock Richard 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo undertake an ECG in high level athletes to determine the morphology of the ECG and to assess the influences on the ECG of the amount of time in a high-performance programme and the type of sport played.DesignCross-sectional cohort study.SettingHigh-performance sports programme.InterventionsCurrent symptoms (questionnaire) and length of time in a high-performance sports programme were recorded. Sports were classified as either high maximal oxygen uptake continuous, high maximal oxygen uptake repeated effort or static. An ECG was performed and classified by 2010 European Society of Cardiology guidelines into Groups 0 (normal), Group 1 (common and training-related ECG changes) and Group 2 (uncommon and training unrelated ECG changes).ResultsThe following were recorded: length of time in high performance sport programme (mean 2.3 years), type of sport (Continuous 103, Repeated effort 133, Static 37), ECG changes Group 0 (n=83, 31%), Group 1 (n=173, 63%) and Group 2 (n=17, 6.2%). Athletes with an increased length of time in a high performance programme demonstrated a higher likelihood of Group 2 ECG changes when compared with Groups 0 and 1 (p=0.05). The questionnaire did not help detect athletes with Group 2 ECG changes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that an increased length of time in a high performance programme was associated with an increased number of detectable Group 2 ECG changes. Overall, the further investigation rate was 6.2%.
Genetic linkage analysis of a large family identifies FIGN as a candidate modulator of reduced penetrance in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Puigdevall Pau , Piccari Lucilla , Blanco Isabel , Barberà Joan Albert , Geiger Dan , Badenas Celia , Milà Montserrat , Castelo Robert , Madrigal Irene 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMapping the genetic component of molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduced penetrance (RP) of rare disorders constitutes one of the most challenging problems in human genetics. Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one such disorder characterised by rare mutations mostly occurring in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) gene and a wide heterogeneity of penetrance modifier mechanisms. Here, we analyse 32 genotyped individuals from a large Iberian family of 65 members, including 22 carriers of the pathogenic BMPR2 mutation c.1472G>A (p.Arg491Gln), 8 of them diagnosed with PAH by right-heart catheterisation, leading to an RP rate of 36.4%.MethodsWe performed a linkage analysis on the genotyping data to search for genetic modifiers of penetrance. Using functional genomics data, we characterised the candidate region identified by linkage analysis. We also predicted the haplotype segregation within the family.ResultsWe identified a candidate chromosome region in 2q24.3, 38 Mb upstream from BMPR2, with significant linkage (LOD=4.09) under a PAH susceptibility model. This region contains common variants associated with vascular aetiology and shows functional evidence that the putative genetic modifier is located in the upstream distal promoter of the fidgetin (FIGN) gene.ConclusionOur results suggest that the genetic modifier acts through FIGN transcriptional regulation, whose expression variability would contribute to modulating heritable PAH. This finding may help to advance our understanding of RP in PAH across families sharing the p.Arg491Gln pathogenic mutation in BMPR2.
Associations of screen work with neck and upper extremity symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Coenen Pieter , van der Molen Henk F , Burdorf Alex , Huysmans Maaike A , Straker Leon , Frings-Dresen Monique HW , van der Beek Allard J 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesIt has often been suggested that screen work (ie, work on desktop, laptop, notebook or tablet computers) is a risk factor for neck and upper extremity symptoms. However, an up-to-date overview and quantification of evidence are lacking. We aimed to systematically review the association of exposure to screen work with neck and upper extremity symptoms from prospective studies.MethodsAn electronic database search (PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Scopus) for prospective studies on the association of exposure to screen work and musculoskeletal symptoms was conducted. Studies were synthesised regarding extracted data and risk of bias, and meta-analyses were conducted.ResultsAfter screening 3423 unique references, 19 articles from 12 studies (with 18 538 participants) were included for the current review, with the most recent exposure assessment reported in 2005. Studies described duration and input frequency of screen work (ie, computer, keyboard and mouse use, assessed using self-reports or software recordings) and musculoskeletal symptoms (ie, self-reported neck/shoulder and distal upper extremity symptoms and diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS]). Although there was overall an increased occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms with larger exposure to screen work (relative risk: 1.11 [1.03 1.19]), findings were rather inconsistent with weaker (and statistically non-significant) risks when screen work was assessed by software recording (1.05 [0.91 1.21]) compared to with self-report (1.14 [1.03 1.19]).ConclusionsWe found an increased risk of musculoskeletal symptoms with screen work. However, the evidence is heterogeneous, and it is striking that it lacks information from contemporary screen work using laptop, notebook or tablet computers.
Disrupting the medial prefrontal cortex alters hippocampal sequences during deliberative decision making
Authors: Schmidt Brandy , Duin Anneke A. , Redish A. David 
Published: March 2019

Current theories of deliberative decision making suggest that deliberative decisions arise from imagined simulations that require interactions between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In rodent navigation experiments, hippocampal theta sequences advance from the location of the rat ahead to the subsequent goal. To examine the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on the hippocampus, we disrupted the mPFC with DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs). Using the Restaurant Row foraging task, we found that mPFC disruption resulted in decreased vicarious trial and error behavior, reduced the number of theta sequences, and impaired theta sequences in hippocampus. mPFC disruption led to larger changes in the initiation of the hippocampal theta sequences that represent the current location of the rat rather than to the later portions that represent the future outcomes. These data suggest that the mPFC likely provides an important component to the initiation of deliberative sequences and provides support for an episodic-future thinking, working memory interpretation of deliberation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus interact during deliberative decision making. Disruption of the mPFC impaired hippocampal processes, including the local and nonlocal representations of space along each theta cycle and the initiation of hippocampal theta sequences, while sparing place cell firing characteristics and phase precession. mPFC disruption reduced the deliberative behavioral process vicarious trial and error and improved economic behaviors on this task.