bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse Sorghum bicolor accessions show marked variation in growth and transcriptional responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Watts‐Williams Stephanie J. , Emmett Bryan D. , Levesque‐Tremblay Veronique , MacLean Allyson M. , Sun Xuepeng , Satterlee James W. , Fei Zhangjun , Harrison Maria J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSorghum is an important crop grown worldwide for feed and fibre. Like most plants, it has the capacity to benefit from symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and its diverse genotypes likely vary in their responses. Currently, the genetic basis of mycorrhiza‐responsiveness is largely unknown. Here, we investigated transcriptional and physiological responses of sorghum accessions, founders of a bioenergy nested association mapping panel, for their responses to four species of AM fungi. Transcriptome comparisons across four accessions identified mycorrhiza‐inducible genes; stringent filtering criteria revealed 278 genes that show mycorrhiza‐inducible expression independent of genotype and 55 genes whose expression varies with genotype. The latter suggests variation in phosphate transport and defence across these accessions. The mycorrhiza growth and nutrient responses of 18 sorghum accessions varied tremendously, ranging from mycorrhiza‐dependent to negatively mycorrhiza‐responsive. Additionally, accessions varied in the number of AM fungi to which they showed positive responses, from one to several fungal species. Mycorrhiza growth and phosphorus responses were positively correlated, whereas expression of two mycorrhiza‐inducible phosphate transporters, SbPT8 and SbPT9, correlated negatively with mycorrhizal growth responses. AM fungi improve growth and mineral nutrition of sorghum, and the substantial variation between lines provides the potential to map loci influencing mycorrhiza responses.
Donor‐derived strongyloidiasis in a Saudi pediatric kidney transplant recipient: A case report and mini‐review
Authors: Alsager Khaled , Waqar Saadia , Furrukh Hina , Alattas Nadia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractS. stercoralis infection has been identified as a donor‐derived infection in cases of solid organ transplant among recipients with no prior risk factor for parasitic exposure. Worldwide and regional reports from the adult kidney transplant population highlight this indirect method of infection and caution about delayed diagnosis, severe complications, and death related to donor‐derived S. stercoralis infection. We report a deceased‐donor‐derived S. stercoralis infection in a 12‐year‐old Saudi girl who underwent kidney transplantation. This is the first pediatric case reported outside the United States of America. Although she presented with mild bouts of gastrointestinal symptoms, the need for additional immune suppression put her at risk of serious complications. A literature review highlights the importance of awareness about S. stercoralis infections and complications in kidney transplant recipients, pretransplant screening of donors based on risk assessment, and the challenges with treatment availability and duration in this vulnerable population.
Function of berberine on porcine in vitro fertilization embryo development and differential expression analysis of microRNAs
Authors: Wang Jun‐Li , Zhang Chao , Liu Bing , Huang Xiao‐Meng , Dai Jia‐Ge , Tian Jian‐Hui , Gao Jian‐Ming 
Published: December 2018

ContentsThe effect of berberine (Ber) on in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo development in pigs and the associated differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the embryo were investigated. NCSU‐23 embryonic culture medium was used for a control group, while NCSU‐23 embryonic culture medium added with Ber was used for a Ber group. The embryo development rates in these groups were determined, and the zygotes, 4‐ and 8‐cell embryos, and blastocysts were collected for cDNA microarray analysis. The development rates of 2‐, 4‐, 8‐cell embryos and blastocysts were significantly higher in the Ber group than those in the control group (p < 0.01). The differentially expressed miRNAs in the 8‐cell versus the 4‐cell stage in control group as well as in the 8‐cell Ber group versus the 8‐cell control group overlapped, and it was found that nine miRNAs were commonly upregulated and two of them were downregulated, while there was no overlap among the other groups. The target genes of Ber‐regulated miRNAs at the 8‐cell stage were mainly associated with the molecular pathway of nucleic acid and protein synthesis. These findings suggest that Ber may regulate the expression of miRNAs at the 8‐cell stage, which is beneficial to provide material reserves for the maternal to zygote transition of porcine embryos, thereby increasing the porcine IVF embryo development rate.
Sex differences in the circulatory responses to an isocapnic cold pressor test
Authors: Stone Rachel M. , Ainslie Philip N. , Kerstens Thijs P. , Wildfong Kevin W. , Tymko Michael M. 
Published: December 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do sex differences exist in the cardiorespiratory responses to an isocapnic cold pressor test (CPT)?

What is the main finding and its importance?
During the CPT, there were no sex differences in the respiratory response; however, females demonstrated a reduced mean arterial pressure and reduced dilatation of the common carotid artery. Given that the CPT is predictive of future cardiovascular events, these data have clinical implications for improving the utility of the CPT to determine cardiovascular health risk. Sex differences should be taken into consideration when conducting and interpreting a CPT.

AbstractThe cold pressor test (CPT) elicits a transient increase in sympathetic nervous activity, minute ventilation (), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and common carotid artery (CCA) diameter in healthy individuals. Although the extent of dilatation of the CCA in response to the CPT has been used as a clinical indicator of cardiovascular health status, the potential sex differences have yet to be explored. In response to a CPT, we hypothesized that elevations in and MAP and dilatation of the CCA would be attenuated in females compared with males. In 20 young, healthy participants (10 females), we measured the respiratory, cardiovascular and CCA responses during a CPT, which consisted of a 3 min immersion of the right foot into 0–1 ice water. Blood pressure (via finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (via electrocardiogram) and CCA diameter and velocity (via Duplex ultrasound) were simultaneously recorded immediately before and during the CPT. During the CPT, while controlling end‐tidal gases to baseline values, the main findings were as follows: (i) no sex differences were present in absolute or relative changes in (P = 0.801 and P = 0.179, respectively); (ii) the relative MAP and CCA diameter response were reduced in females by 51 and 55%, respectively (P = 0.008 and P = 0.029 versus males, respectively); and (iii) the relative MAP responses was positively correlated with the dilatation of the CCA in males (r = 0.42, P = 0.019), in females (r = 0.43, P = 0.019) and in males and females combined (r = 0.55, P < 0.001). Given that the CPT is used as a clinical tool to assess cardiovascular health status, sex differences should be considered in future studies.
Decrement in resting and insulin‐stimulated soleus muscle mitochondrial respiration is an early event in diet‐induced obesity in mice
Authors: Brunetta Henver Simionato , de Paula Gabriela Cristina , de Oliveira Jade , Martins Eduarda Lopes , dos Santos Gustavo Jorge , Galina Antonio , Rafacho Alex , de Bem Andreza Fabro , Nunes Everson Araújo 
Published: December 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the temporal responses of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial responsivity to insulin in soleus muscle fibres from mice during the development of obesity and insulin resistance?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Short‐ and long‐term feeding with a high‐fat diet markedly reduced soleus mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial responsivity to insulin before any change in glycogen synthesis. Muscle glycogen synthesis and whole‐body insulin resistance were present after 14 and 28 days, respectively. Our findings highlight the plasticity of mitochondria during the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
AbstractRecently, significant attention has been given to the role of muscle mitochondrial function in the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity. Our aim was to investigate temporal alterations in mitochondrial respiration, H2O2 emission and mitochondrial responsivity to insulin in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibres during the development of obesity in mice. Male Swiss mice (5–6 weeks old) were fed with a high‐fat diet (60% calories from fat) or standard diet for 7, 14 or 28 days to induce obesity and insulin resistance. Diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice presented with reduced glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinaemia after 7 days of high‐fat diet. After 14 days, the expected increase in muscle glycogen content after systemic injection of glucose and insulin was not observed in DIO mice. At 28 days, blood glucose decay after insulin injection was significantly impaired. Complex I (pyruvate + malate) and II (succinate)‐linked respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (ADP) were decreased after 7 days of high‐fat diet and remained low in DIO mice after 14 and 28 days of treatment. Moreover, mitochondria from DIO mice were incapable of increasing respiratory coupling and ADP responsivity after insulin stimulation in all observed periods. Markers of mitochondrial content were reduced only after 28 days of treatment. The mitochondrial H2O2 emission profile varied during the time course of DIO, with a reduction of H2O2 emission in the early stages of DIO and an increased emission after 28 days of treatment. Our data demonstrate that DIO promotes transitory alterations in mitochondrial physiology during the early and late stages of insulin resistance related to obesity.
Foramen ovale blood flow and cardiac function after main pulmonary artery occlusion in fetal sheep
Authors: Lantto Juulia , Erkinaro Tiina , Haapsamo Mervi , Huhta Heikki , Voipio Hanna‐Marja , Hohimer A. Roger , Davis Lowell E. , Acharya Ganesh , Räsänen Juha 
Published: December 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
At near‐term gestation, foramen ovale blood flow accounts for a significant proportion of fetal left ventricular output. Can the foramen ovale increase its volume blood flow when right ventricular afterload is increased by main pulmonary artery occlusion?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Foramen ovale volume blood flow increased during main pulmonary artery occlusion. However, this increase was attributable to an increase in fetal heart rate, because left ventricular stroke volume remained unchanged. These findings suggest that the foramen ovale has a limited capacity to increase its volume blood flow.

AbstractThe foramen ovale (FO) accounts for the majority of fetal left ventricular (LV) output. Increased right ventricular afterload can cause a redistribution of combined cardiac output between the ventricles. To understand the capability of the FO to increase its volume blood flow and thus LV output, we mechanically occluded the main pulmonary artery in seven chronically instrumented near‐term sheep fetuses. We hypothesized that FO volume blood flow and LV output would increase during main pulmonary artery occlusion. Fetal cardiac function and haemodynamics were assessed by pulsed and tissue Doppler at baseline, 15 and 60 min after occlusion of the main pulmonary artery and 15 min after occlusion was released. Fetal ascending aorta and central venous pressures and blood gas values were monitored. Main pulmonary artery occlusion initially increased fetal heart rate (P < 0.05) from [mean (SD)] 158 (7) to 188 (23) beats min−1 and LV cardiac output (P < 0.0001) from 629 (198) to 776 (283) ml min−1. Combined cardiac output fell (P < 0.0001) from 1524 (341) to 720 (273) ml min−1. During main pulmonary artery occlusion, FO volume blood flow increased (P < 0.001) from 507 (181) to 776 (283) ml min−1. This increase was related to fetal tachycardia, because LV stroke volume did not change. Fetal ascending aortic blood pressure remained stable. Central venous pressure was higher (P < 0.05) during the occlusion than after it was released. During the occlusion, fetal pH decreased and increased. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction developed while LV diastolic function was preserved. Right ventricular systolic and diastolic function deteriorated after the occlusion. In conclusion, the FO has a limited capacity to increase its volume blood flow at near‐term gestation.
Ischaemia‐induced muscle metabolic abnormalities are poorly alleviated by endurance training in a mouse model of sickle cell disease
Authors: Chatel Benjamin , Messonnier Laurent A. , Vilmen Christophe , Bernard Monique , Pialoux Vincent , Bendahan David 
Published: December 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of endurance training during an ischaemia–reperfusion protocol in a mouse model of sickle cell disease (SCD).

What is the main finding and its importance?
Endurance training did not reverse the metabolic defects induced by a simulated vaso‐occlusive crisis in SCD mice, with regard to intramuscular acidosis, mitochondrial dysfunction or anatomical properties. Our results suggest that endurance training would reduce the number of vaso‐occlusive crises rather than the complications related to vaso‐occlusive crises.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether endurance training could limit the abnormalities described in a mouse model of sickle cell disease (SCD) in response to an ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) protocol. Ten sedentary (HbSS‐SED) and nine endurance‐trained (HbSS‐END) SCD mice were submitted to a standardized protocol of I/R of the leg, during which ATP, phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate concentrations and intramuscular pH were measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Forty‐eight hours later, skeletal muscles were harvested. Oxidative stress markers were then measured. Although the time course of protons accumulation was slightly different between trained and sedentary mice (P < 0.05), the extent of acidosis was similar at the end of the ischaemic period. The initial rate of phosphocreatine resynthesis measured at blood flow restoration, illustrating mitochondrial function, was not altered in trained mice compared with sedentary mice. Although several oxidative stress markers were not different between groups (P > 0.05), the I/R‐related increase of uric acid concentration observed in sedentary SCD mice (P < 0.05) was not present in the trained group. The spleen weight, generally used as a marker of the severity of the disease, was not different between groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, endurance training did not limit the metabolic consequences of an I/R protocol in skeletal muscle of SCD mice, suggesting that the reduction in the severity of the disease previously demonstrated in the basal state would be attributable to a reduction of the occurrence of vaso‐occlusive crises rather than a decrease of the deleterious effects of vaso‐occlusive crises.
Simulation of Fuel Storage Hazards Associated With Petroleum
Refineries Tanks
Authors: Pourgol-Mohammad Mohammad , Pourghafari Mohammad , Alizadeh Reza , Raheli Kaleibar Mojtaba , Soleimani Morteza 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Predicting of hazards associated with the damages of fuel storage tanks in petroleum refineries is critical in maintaining safety of the facilities. This study assesses the hazard of the refinery gasoline tank damage by augmented mathematical and semi-experimental methods. This research evaluates complete content release of the reservoir tank scenario in a given time, as the worst case. Environment conditions are evaluated as affecting factors on the progression of the scenario. Comparison between the results of numerical simulations for pool fire as well as vapor cloud explosion with the results of simulation based on empirical-mathematical models indicates noticeable differences between the results in the vicinity of the boundary conditions; however, with increasing the distance from the center of the accident point, this difference decreases markedly.
Mechanical Analysis of Vibrations in a Switched Reluctance Motor Using Experimental, Numerical, and Analytical Methodologies
Authors: Mathis Allen T. , Dane Quinn D. , El-Amin Mohammed , Sozer Yilmaz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are characterized by rotor/stator pole pairs, in which the wound field coils in the stator poles induce magnetic reluctance in the rotor poles to create torque. However, noise development during motor operation is a key issue for this class of motors and much of the work to understand the acoustics and vibrations of these systems is limited to comparing experimental measurements with high-performance, multiphysics simulations. This work focuses on mathematical analysis of these systems through reduced-order modeling using both numerical and analytical methods, and the results are compared against experimental measurements of a typical SRM. To describe the underlying response of the experimental system, a circular shell model is developed for the stator, and electromagnetic finite element analysis is utilized to develop a physically motivated forcing profile for the experimental system. A numerical simulation model is then constructed by applying the calculated electromagnetic forces to the stator, and effective system parameters are determined by calibrating the numerical model to match experimental measurements. An analytical approximation is then derived by leveraging disparate timescales in the problem, and it is shown that the analytical solution accurately recovers the numerical and experimental results while also providing insight into the underlying physics of the experimental system.
Bone stress injuries in male distance runners: higher modified Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment scores predict increased rates of injury
Authors: Kraus Emily , Tenforde Adam S , Nattiv Aurelia , Sainani Kristin L , Kussman Andrea , Deakins-Roche Megan , Singh Sonal , Kim Brian Young , Barrack Michelle T , Fredericson Michael 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesBone stress injuries (BSI) are common in runners of both sexes. The purpose of this study was to determine if a modified Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment tool would predict BSI in male distance runners.Methods156 male runners at two collegiate programmes were studied using mixed retrospective and prospective design for a total of 7 years. Point values were assigned using risk assessment categories including low energy availability, low body mass index (BMI), low bone mineral density (BMD) and prior BSI. The outcome was subsequent development of BSI. Statistical models used a mixed effects Poisson regression model with p<0.05 as threshold for significance. Two regression analyses were performed: (1) baseline risk factors as the independent variable; and (2) annual change in risk factors (longitudinal data) as the independent variable.Results42/156 runners (27%) sustained 61 BSIs over an average 1.9 years of follow-up. In the baseline risk factor model, each 1 point increase in prior BSI score was associated with a 57% increased risk for prospective BSI (p=0.0042) and each 1 point increase in cumulative risk score was associated with a 37% increase in prospective BSI risk (p=0.0079). In the longitudinal model, each 1 point increase in cumulative risk score was associated with a 27% increase in prospective BSI risk (p=0.05). BMI (rate ratio (RR)=1.91, p=0.11) and BMD (RR=1.58, p=0.19) risk scores were not associated with BSI.ConclusionA modified cumulative risk assessment tool may help identify male runners at elevated risk for BSI. Identifying risk factors may guide treatment and prevention strategies.
Can the STarT Back Tool predict health-related quality of life and work ability after an acute/subacute episode with back or neck pain? A psychometric validation study in primary care
Authors: Forsbrand Malin H , Grahn Birgitta , Hill Jonathan C , Petersson Ingemar F , Post Sennehed Charlotte , Stigmar Kjerstin 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe predictive ability of the STarT Back Tool (SBT) has not yet been examined among acute/subacute back and/or neck pain in a primary care setting in respect to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work ability outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the SBT’s predictive validity for HRQoL and work ability outcomes at long-term follow-up in a population with acute/subacute back and/or neck pain.SettingProspective data from 35 primary care centres in south Sweden during 2013.ParticipantsPatients (n=329) with acute/subacute back and/or neck pain, aged 18–67 years, not on sick leave or <60 days of sick leave completed the SBT when applying for physiotherapy treatment. Long-term follow-up measures (median 13 months, range 11–27 months) of HRQoL (EQ-5D) and work ability (Work Ability Score) was completed by 238 patients (72%).OutcomesThe predictive ability of the SBT for HRQoL and work ability outcomes was examined using Kruskal-Wallis test, logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC).ResultsBased on SBT risk group stratification, 103 (43%), 107 (45%) and 28 (12%) patients were considered as low, medium and at high risk, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in HRQoL (p<0.001) and work ability (p<0.001) at follow-up between all three SBT risk groups. Patients in the high risk group had a significantly increased risk of having poor HRQoL (OR 6.16, 95% CI 1.50 to 25.26) and poor work ability (OR 5.08, 95% CI 1.75 to 14.71) vs the low risk group at follow-up. The AUC was 0.73 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.84) for HRQoL and 0.68 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.76) for work ability.ConclusionsThe SBT is an appropriate tool for identifying patients with a poor long-term HRQoL and/or work ability outcome in a population with acute/subacute back and/or neck pain, and maybe a useful adjunct to primary care physiotherapy assessment and practice.Trial registration numberNCT02609750; Results.
Association of workplace social capital with psychological distress: results from a longitudinal multilevel analysis of the J-HOPE Study
Authors: Eguchi Hisashi , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Inoue Akiomi , Hikichi Hiroyuki , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesWorkplace social capital (WSC) is increasingly recognised as a social contextual determinant of workers’ mental health, but longitudinal data are sparse. We aimed to evaluate the impact of changes in unit-level WSC on psychological distress among Japanese employees using a prospective multilevel repeated-measures design.Participants and study designWe conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study with 1,944 men and 786 women aged 18–65 years. Participants worked at two manufacturing worksites in Japan and were free from mental illness from the first to third study waves. We used a three-level multilevel regression design to evaluate the prospective association of unit-level WSC with individual-level psychological distress. WSC was measured using a validated six-item instrument and individual-level psychological distress with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).ResultsThe null model indicated a significant degree of between-work unit variation in psychological distress (intraclass correlation=0.1%, p<0.001). In the full model, each SD increase in unit-level WSC was associated with 0.69 point improvement in K6 scores (95% CI −1.12 to −0.26).ConclusionsThis prospective study builds on existing knowledge by showing an association between unit-level WSC and modest improvements in mental health among employees in Japan. We recommend that WSC is considered alongside other contextual influences when assessing employees’ mental health risks.