bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) regulates sex‐specific ethanol drinking during disruption of circadian rhythms
Authors: Jia Yun‐Fang , Vadnie Chelsea A. , Ho Ada Man‐Choi , Peyton Lee , Veldic Marin , Wininger Katheryn , Matveyenko Aleksey , Choi Doo‐Sup 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDisruptions in circadian rhythms are risk factors for excessive alcohol drinking. The ethanol‐sensitive adenosine equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (ENT1, slc29a1) regulates ethanol‐related behaviors, sleep, and entrainment of circadian rhythms. However, the mechanism underlying the increased ethanol consumption in ENT1 knockout (KO) mice in constant light (LL) and whether there are sex differences in ethanol consumption in ENT1 mice are less studied. Here, we investigated the effects of loss of ENT1, LL, and sex on ethanol drinking using two‐bottle choice. In addition, we monitored the locomotor activity rhythms. We found that LL increased ethanol drinking and reduced accumbal ENT1 expression and adenosine levels in male but not female mice, compared with control mice. Interestingly, only LL‐exposed male, not female, ENT1 KO mice exhibited higher ethanol drinking and a longer circadian period with a higher amplitude compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. Furthermore, viral‐mediated rescue of ENT1 expression in the NAc of ENT1 KO mice reduced ethanol drinking, demonstrating a possible causal link between ENT1 expression and ethanol drinking in males. Together, our findings indicate that deficiency of ENT1 expression contributes to excessive ethanol drinking in a sex‐dependent manner.
Difficulty levels of extracted human teeth used for pre‐clinical training in endodontics in an Australian dental school
Authors: Decurcio Daniel A. , Lim Eeling , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Estrela Carlos , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the difficulty level of extracted teeth treated by undergraduate students for pre‐clinical endodontic training. Two independent observers assessed a consecutive sample of 1000 periapical radiographs of extracted teeth used in endodontic pre‐clinical training. Chi‐square test was used to evaluate the adjustment of the distribution, and inter‐ and intra‐examiner agreement were calculated. Minimal, moderate and high difficulty teeth represented 23.1%, 52.1% and 24.8%, respectively. The presence of curvature was the most common grading factor, with ‘moderate curvature’ reported in 28.7%, and ‘extreme curvature’ reported in 15.6% of the sample. A difference in the distribution of frequencies was found, favouring the moderate category (P < 0.001). The inter‐ and intra‐examiner strength of agreement were 0.78 and 0.86, respectively. More than 50% of the teeth were categorised as moderate complexity. Almost one‐quarter of the total sample, in particular molars, was classified as high complexity, thus unsuitable for undergraduate pre‐clinical training.
The molecular structure and imprinting status of the IPW (imprinted gene in the Prader‐Willi syndrome region) gene in cattle
Authors: Chen W. , Xu D. , Ma C. , Zhang C. , Li J. , Zhang W. , Zhao G. , Li S. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIPW (imprinted gene in the Prader‐Willi syndrome region), a long non‐coding RNA, is a paternally expressed gene in the PWS/AS imprinted domain on human chromosome 15 and mouse chromosome 7. Disruption of the PWS/AS region is associated with three neurogenic disorders in humans. In this study, we identified the bovine homolog of the IPW gene; multiple transcripts obtained by RT‐PCR and RACE showed a complex and tissue‐specific expression pattern of IPW in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen and skeletal muscle. An informative single nucleotide polymorphism (rs133341090) in the long exon H was identified by sequencing the genomic DNA, and mono‐allelic expression of IPW was confirmed by sequencing the cDNAs of heterozygous individuals, indicating that IPW may be imprinted in cattle. The protein‐coding potential of IPW transcripts was assessed using coding potential calculator (cpc) software, which showed a negative score. In addition, sequencing analysis also indicated multiple small open reading frames in the bovine IPW transcript, but none of the ATGs was consistent with Kozak consensus. Taken together, the IPW transcripts are most likely long non‐coding RNAs.
Different endotypes and phenotypes drive the heterogeneity in severe asthma
Authors: McDowell P. Jane , Heaney Liam G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe identification of sputum eosinophilia indicating corticosteroid responsiveness in subjects with severe asthma heralded the beginning of phenotyping asthmatic subjects based on airways inflammation. Since then, the heterogeneity of severe asthma has been explored and the importance of immunobiology has come sharply into focus with the identification of the key type‐2 cytokine pathways driving eosinophilic inflammation. The development of molecules targeting these type‐2 pathways has transformed severe asthma treatment, but necessitates robust clinical evaluation, biomarker profiling and assessment of comorbid factors to identify subjects most likely to benefit from these therapies. It has also become clear that targeting these pathways does not eradicate asthma symptoms and exacerbation risk; further work is needed to clarify underlying non‐type‐2 mechanisms in severe asthma pathways and possible therapeutic targets. This review addresses progress to date in clinical assessment and management of severe asthma and some of the challenges and unmet needs in severe asthma to achieve the goal of delivering individualized patient care.
Impaired memory B‐cell development and antibody maturation with a skewing toward IgE in patients with STAT3 hyper‐IgE syndrome
Authors: van de Veen Willem , Krätz Carolin E. , McKenzie Craig I. , Aui Pei M. , Neumann Jens , van Noesel Carel J. M. , Wirz Oliver F. , Hagl Beate , Kröner Carolin , Spielberger Benedikt D. , Akdis Cezmi A. , van Zelm Menno C. , Akdis Mübeccel , Renner Ellen D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 hyper‐IgE syndrome (STAT3‐HIES) is caused by heterozygous mutations in the STAT3 gene and is associated with eczema, elevated serum IgE, and recurrent infections resembling severe atopic dermatitis, while clinically relevant specific IgE is almost absent.MethodsTo investigate the impact of STAT3 signaling on B‐cell responses, we assessed lymph node and bone marrow, blood B and plasma cell subsets, somatic hypermutations in Ig genes, and in vitro proliferation and antibody production in STAT3‐HIES patients and healthy controls.ResultsLymph nodes of STAT3‐HIES patients showed normal germinal center architecture and CD138+ plasma cells residing in the paracortex, which expressed IgE, IgG, and IgM but not IgA. IgE+ plasma cells were abundantly present in STAT3‐HIES bone marrow. Proliferation of naive B cells upon stimulation with CD40L and IL‐4 was similar in patients and controls, while patient cells showed reduced responses to IL‐21. IgE, IgG1, IgG3 and IgA1 transcripts showed reduced somatic hypermutations. Peripheral blood IgE+ memory B‐cell frequencies were increased in STAT3‐HIES, while other memory B‐cell frequencies except for IgG4+ cells were decreased.ConclusionsDespite impaired STAT3 signaling, STAT3‐HIES patients can mount in vivo T‐cell–dependent B‐cell responses, while circulating memory B cells, except for those expressing IgG4 and IgE, were reduced. Reduced molecular maturation demonstrated the critical need of STAT3 signaling for optimal affinity maturation and B‐cell differentiation, supporting the need for immunoglobulin substitution therapy and explaining the high IgE serum level in the majority with absent allergic symptoms.
Evidence for the induction of Th2 inflammation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells in response to prostaglandin D2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Tojima Ichiro , Matsumoto Koji , Kikuoka Hirotaka , Hara Shiori , Yamamoto Sayuri , Shimizu Shino , Kouzaki Hideaki , Shimizu Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play important roles in allergic inflammation. However, their roles in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) are poorly understood.ObjectivePrevalence of ILC2s in the inferior nasal turbinate (INT) tissues and the activating mechanisms of ILC2s were examined in patients with house dust mite (HDM)‐induced AR.MethodsEighteen patients with HDM‐induced AR and 13 control subjects were recruited. Fresh INT tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analysed using flow cytometry. Nasal lavage fluids (NLF) were collected at 10 minutes after the nasal provocation test (NPT) with HDM disc, and released mediators were measured by ELISA. Sorted ILC2s were cultured and stimulated with mediators associated with AR.ResultsThe prevalence of ILC2s was significantly increased in nasal mucosa of patients with HDM‐induced AR, and it was positively correlated with the number of infiltrating eosinophils. ILC2s in the INT tissues expressed a prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptor, chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule‐expressed TH2 cells (CRTH2) and a cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLTs) receptor, CysLT1. After NPT, the number of eosinophils and concentrations of PGD2 and cysLTs were significantly increased in the NLF from AR patients. PGD2 and cysLTs significantly induced IL‐5 production from cultured PBMC‐derived ILC2s dose‐dependently. PGD2‐induced and cysLTs‐induced productions of IL‐5 and IL‐13 from ILC2s were completely inhibited by ramatroban, a dual CRTH2 and thromboxane receptor antagonist, and montelukast, a CysLT1 antagonist, respectively.ConclusionsPGD2‐CRTH2 and cysLTs‐CysLT1 axes may activate tissue‐resident ILC2s to produce Th2 cytokines, IL‐5 and IL‐13, leading to the development of allergic inflammation in AR.
Task shifting of intraocular injections from physicians to nurses: a randomized single‐masked noninferiority study
Authors: Bolme Stine , Morken Tora Sund , Follestad Turid , Sørensen Torben Lykke , Austeng Dordi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo test if task shifting of intraocular injections to nurses in a real‐world setting can result in similar visual function outcome with equal safety profile.MethodAll patients with either age‐related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion or diabetic macular oedema remitted to intraocular injections at a tertiary ophthalmology department in Norway between March 2015 and May 2017, were asked to participate. The participants were randomized to either nurse‐ or physician‐administered intraocular injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor. The primary outcome measure was change in best‐corrected visual acuity from baseline to 1‐year follow‐up. The mean difference in the primary outcome between the groups was analysed by a noninferiority test with a margin of three letters in disfavour of the nurse group. Adverse events were recorded.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐two patients entered the study. Two hundred and fifty‐nine completed the 1‐year follow‐up and were included in the study sample for the analysis of the primary outcome. Nurse‐administered intraocular injections were noninferior to physician‐administered injections with 0.7 and 1.6 letters gained, respectively (95% CI of the mean difference, −2.9 to 1.0; p = 0.019, one‐sided t‐test). Two thousand and seventy‐seven injections and three ocular adverse events were recorded.ConclusionTask shifting of intraocular injections to nurses can be performed without increased risk to visual function. Such a task shift can alleviate the burden of performing intraocular injections in ophthalmology departments. To our knowledge, this is the first RCT on task shifting of a surgical procedure from physicians to nurses in a high‐income country.
Diagnosis of intravascular large B cell lymphoma: novel insights into clinicopathological features from 42 patients at a single institution over 20 years
Authors: Matsue Kosei , Abe Yoshiaki , Narita Kentaro , Kobayashi Hiroki , Kitadate Akihiro , Takeuchi Masami , Miura Daisuke , Takeuchi Kengo 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis study aimed to clarify the comprehensive clinical, laboratory, pathological and imaging features of intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) using data on 42 IVLBCL patients diagnosed at our hospital over the past 20 years. The majority of patients were diagnosed via random skin biopsy (29/42, 69·0%) followed by bone marrow biopsy alone (8/42, 19·0%). Characteristic features included persistent fever (41/42, 97·6%), decreased performance status (≥2) (100%), hypoxaemia (32/40, 80·0%), impaired consciousness (19/42, 45·2%), hypoalbuminemia (42/42, 100%) and extreme elevation of lactate dehydrogenase and soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal findings in 32/37 patients (86·4%). Hyperintense lesion in the pons was a peculiar finding that was unrelated to the neurological deficits. Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography revealed a high incidence of bone marrow (26/34, 76·5%), spleen (19/34, 55·9%) and adrenal gland (9/34, 26·5%) involvement. Neurolymphomatosis was noted in 6 patients during the course of the disease. About 60% of IVLBCL patients in whom in vivo diagnosis was possible survived more than 5 years with combination chemotherapy. Our observations provide additional insight into the diagnosis of IVLBCL and indicate that early disease recognition via random skin biopsy combined with imaging, enables in vivo diagnosis of the disease and improved survival for many patients.
A review of neurocognitive functioning of children with sex chromosome trisomies: Identifying targets for early intervention
Authors: Urbanus Evelien , van Rijn Sophie , Swaab Hanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSex chromosome trisomies (SCT) are among the most common chromosomal duplications in humans. Due to recent technological advances in non‐invasive screening, SCT can already be detected during pregnancy. This calls for more knowledge about the development of (young) children with SCT. This review focused on neurocognitive functioning of children with SCT between 0 and 18 years, on domains of global intellectual functioning, language, executive functioning, and social cognition, in order to identify targets that could benefit from early treatment.Online databases were used to identify peer‐reviewed scientific articles using specific search terms. In total 18 studies were included. When applicable, effect sizes were calculated to indicate clinical significance.Results of the reviewed studies show that although traditionally, the focus has been on language and intelligence (IQ) in this population, recent studies suggest that executive functioning and social cognition may also be significantly affected already in childhood.These findings suggest that neuropsychological screening of children diagnosed with SCT should be extended, to also include executive functioning and social cognition. Knowledge about these neurocognitive risks is important to improve clinical care and help identify targets for early support and intervention programs to accommodate for the needs of individuals with SCT.
Assessment tool for visual perception deficits in cerebral visual impairment: reliability and validity
Authors: Vancleef Kathleen , Janssens Eva , Petré Yasmine , Wagemans Johan , Ortibus Els 
Published: July 2019

AimTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the Children's Visual Impairment Test for 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds (CVIT 3–6).MethodReliability was assessed via test–retest correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in typically developing children, children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI), intellectual impairment, and simulated impaired vision (validation groups n=59, mean developmental age=4y 10mo, 27 females, 32 males). Internal validity was evaluated with a confirmatory factor analysis on the normative sample (n=301, median age=4y 8mo, SD=9.7mo, 148 females, 153 males). External validity was assessed by correlating performance on CVIT 3–6 with L94, the Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of Visuo‐Motor Integration (Beery‐VMI), the Freiburg Vision Test, the revised Snijders‐Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test for children between 2 years 6 months and 7‐years‐old (SON‐R 2.5–7), and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) questionnaire and by comparing performance between validation groups.ResultsWe observed very good test–retest reliability (r=0.82, p<0.001, ICC=0.80) and confirmed the hypothesized factor structure (comparative fit index=1; Tucker‐Lewis index=1.045). We found high correlations with tests with a strong visual perception component (L94: r=0.74, p<0.001; SON‐R 2.5–7: r=0.37, p=0.01) and low correlations with other tests (Beery‐VMI: r=0.25, p=0.09; SRS: r=0–0.26, p=0.09). Lowest scores were observed for children with CVI compared to the other validation groups (F[3,44]=5.1, p=0.003).InterpretationCVIT 3–6 is grounded in knowledge of visual perception. The tool specifically measures CVI‐related visual perception deficits and is not mediated by intellectual abilities or low visual acuity.What the paper adds

Evidence for good test–retest reliability of the Children's Visual Impairment Test for 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds (CVIT 3–6).

Factor structure of normative data reflects CVIT 3–6's foundations in vision science.

CVIT 3–6 specifically measures visual perception impairments.

CVIT 3–6 performance is not influenced by intelligence or low visual acuity.
How does historical trauma affect political participation? Evidence from the send‐down movement in China
Authors: Shi Xinzheng , Zhang Ming‐ang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTaking advantage of China's send‐down movement as a natural experiment, we investigate how experiencing a political movement during adolescence affects political participation decades later. Using data from the China Family Panel Survey and the regression discontinuity design, we find that the send‐down experience significantly reduces individuals’ political participation, measured by their participation in community committee elections, time spent on community service activities and how much they care about public news. Further analysis suggests that the send‐down experience negatively affects political participation through poorer mental health and less trust in local government.
The PRIAMO study: active sexual life is associated with better motor and non‐motor outcomes in men with early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Picillo M. , Palladino R. , Erro R. , Colosimo C. , Marconi R. , Antonini A. , Barone P. ,   the PRIAMO study group
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeData suggest a relationship between sexual dysfunction, mainly erectile dysfunction in men, and worse disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is scant evidence on the correlates of sexual activity in PD patients. By involving a subgroup of 355 patients from the PRIAMO (Parkinson Disease Non Motor Symptoms) study, the present 24‐month longitudinal prospective analysis aims to demonstrate that the presence of active sexual life is associated with disease progression in early PD.Methods and resultsMultivariable mixed‐effect logistic regression models showed that gastrointestinal symptoms [odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.82, P = 0.003] and apathy (odds ratio 0.42, 95% CI 0.29–0.63, P < 0.001) were less likely to be associated with sexual activity in men. Analysis also demonstrated that sexual activity in men was associated with lower motor disability (coefficient −2.881, 95% CI −4.732 to −1.030, P = 0.002), better quality of life (coefficient −24.196, 95% CI −44.884 to −3.508, P = 0.022; coefficient 0.083, 95% CI 0.023–0.143, P = 0.006) and lower depression scores (coefficient −1.245, 95% CI −2.104 to −0.387, P = 0.004). No association was shown in women.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective longitudinal study involving a large cohort of PD patients suggesting that sexual activity is associated with lower motor and non‐motor disability as well as with better quality of life in men. These findings should prompt movement disorders specialists to periodically inquiry about their patients’ sexual life.
Spontaneous quantity discrimination in crickets
Authors: Gatto Elia , Carlesso Daniele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent studies have reported that the ability to discriminate among quantities is not a prerogative of vertebrates. Ants, bees, and spiders can solve tasks in which they are required to discriminate between groups of objects. Although many studies regarding numerical cognition on invertebrates proposed a proto‐counting system, more control experiments for non‐numerical variables are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Here, we developed a new method to investigate quantity discrimination abilities in invertebrates. We investigated the spontaneous choice of a cricket, Acheta domesticus. We exploited its natural shelter‐seeking behavior by presenting sets of geometrical shapes that simulated potential shelters. In a dichotomous choice between sets of geometrical black shapes differing in number of items, the majority of crickets chose the set containing the larger numerosity up to 2 versus 3 items. Control experiments suggested that crickets discriminated between sets consisting of different numbers of items by attending to continuous variables (i.e., convex hull and cumulative surface area) rather than by attending to numerosity. Secondly, when discriminating between single geometrical shapes, crickets attend to the width but not to the height of the stimuli.
Progressive failure monitoring and analysis in aluminium by in situ nondestructive evaluation
Authors: Wisner Brian J. , Potstada Philipp , Perumal Vignesh I. , Baxevanakis Konstantinos P. , Sause Markus G. R. , Kontsos Antonios 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDamage initiation and progression in precipitate hardened alloys are typically linked to the failure of second phase particles that result from the precipitation process. These particles have been shown to be stress concentrators and crack starters as a result of both particle debonding and fracture. In this investigation, a precipitate hardened aluminium alloy (Al 2024‐T3) is loaded monotonically to investigate the role the particles have in the progressive failure process. The damage process was monitored continuously by combining the acoustic emission method either with in situ scanning electron microscopy or X‐ray microcomputed tomography to obtain both surface and volume microstructural information. Particles were observed to fracture only in the elastic regime of the material response, while void growth at locations predominantly near particles were found to be associated with progressive failure in the plastic region of the macroscopic response. Experimental findings were validated by fracture simulations at the scale of particle‐matrix interface.