bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architectural Design of 3D Printed Scaffolds Controls the Volume and Functionality of Newly Formed Bone
Authors: Entezari Ali , Roohani Iman , Li Guanglong , Dunstan Colin R. , Rognon Pierre , Li Qing , Jiang Xinquan , Zreiqat Hala 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe successful regeneration of functional bone tissue in critical‐size defects remains a significant clinical challenge. To address this challenge, synthetic bone scaffolds are widely developed, but remarkably few are translated to the clinic due to poor performance in vivo. Here, it is demonstrated how architectural design of 3D printed scaffolds can improve in vivo outcomes. Ceramic scaffolds with different pore sizes and permeabilities, but with similar porosity and interconnectivity, are implanted in rabbit calvaria for 12 weeks, and then the explants are harvested for microcomputed tomography evaluation of the volume and functionality of newly formed bone. The results indicate that scaffold pores should be larger than 390 µm with an upper limit of 590 µm to enhance bone formation. It is also demonstrated that a bimodal pore topology—alternating large and small pores—enhances the volume and functionality of new bone substantially. Moreover, bone formation results indicate that stiffness of new bone is highly influenced by the scaffold's permeability in the direction concerned. This study demonstrates that manipulating pore size and permeability in a 3D printed scaffold architecture provides a useful strategy for enhancing bone regeneration outcomes.
Targeting Peptide‐Based Probes for Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Weizhi , Hu Zhiyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA series of novel peptide‐based molecular probes for different biomarkers is highlighted herein. These probes can provide targeted recognition with high affinity, high specificity, high penetration, and rapid excretion ability. These sensitive peptides can achieve rapid and specific detection when they are conjugated with imaging moieties or are formed into nanoprobes, which can be adapted for in vivo molecular imaging in targeted diagnosis and therapy.
Porous Halide Perovskite–Polymer Nanocomposites for Explosive Detection with a High Sensitivity
Authors: Shan Xin , Zhang Songlin , Zhou Meng , Geske Thomas , Davis Melissa , Hao Ayou , Wang He , Yu Zhibin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA porous halide perovskite–polymer nanocomposite is developed using a freeze‐drying process. Such a composite shows strong fluorescence quenching after exposure to explosive nitroaromatics, nitroamines, and nitrate esters with a sensitivity of a few nanograms. In addition, this composite is robust against moisture and solvents, showing negligible change in fluorescence intensities after submersion in water, alcohol, and acid, base, and salt solutions. Transient absorption spectroscopy studies further disclose that the explosive chemical introduces more trap states into the perovskite that contributes to fluorescence quenching of the perovskite.
Significantly Enhanced Electrostatic Energy Storage Performance of Flexible Polymer Composites by Introducing Highly Insulating‐Ferroelectric Microhybrids as Fillers
Authors: Luo Suibin , Yu Junyi , Yu Shuhui , Sun Rong , Cao Liqiang , Liao Wei‐Hsin , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA hybrid nanoparticle, consisting of BaTiO3 nanoparticles tightly embedded in bronnitride (BN) nanosheets, has been fabricated based on a daring supposition that BN may act as a host to incorporate ferroelectric nanoparticles to improve insulation and polarization under a high electric field. Using the hybrids as fillers in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites, a high electric breakdown strength (Eb ≈580 kV/mm), which is 1.76 times of the PVDF film, is obtained when the filler content is 5 wt%. A large displacement (9.3 µC/cm2 under 580 kV/mm) is observed so as to obtain a high discharged energy density (Ud ≈17.6 J/cm3) of the BT@BN/PVDF composites, which is 2.8 times of the PVDF film. The enhancement ratio of Eb achieved in this study demonstrates the highest among the reported results. This hybrid structure of fillers provides an effective way to adjust and improve the energy storage properties of the polymer‐based dielectrics.
Highly Efficient Construction of Pentacyclic Carboline‐Containing Salts via a [Cp*RhCl2]2‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Li Tongyu , Xing Siyang , Zhu Bolin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA [Cp*RhCl2]2‐catalyzed tandem reaction of indolyl aldehydes, amines, and alkynes featuring the formation of two C−C bonds, two C−N bonds, and one C=N bond is described. This strategy involves double C−H activation and double insertion of alkynes, furnishing a series of pentacyclic carboline‐containing salts in good yields under mild conditions. It provides a good choice for rapidly constructing libraries of such pentacyclic carboline‐containing salts.
Physical restraints in intensive care units: a national questionnaire survey of physical restraint use for critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in Japan
Authors: Unoki Takeshi , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Ouchi Akira , Fujitani Shigeki ,   Japanese Society of Education for Physicians and Trainees in Intensive Care (JSEPTIC) Nursing Research Group
Published: December 2018

AimsPhysical restraints are often used for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation to protect important medical equipment. However, they have adverse physical and psychological effects and could pose ethical hazards. Physical restraint use varies by country, but so far there is little understanding of the frequency of physical restraint use among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Japan. The present study aims to describe the frequency of physical restraint use among Japanese patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Additionally, it attempts to verify the hypothesis that insufficient human resources have increased the frequency of physical restraints.MethodsWe undertook a cross‐sectional online open anonymous survey of ICU nurses using a self‐administered questionnaire to examine the use of physical restraints for patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in Japan.ResultsWe obtained 175 responses, of which 46 were excluded. Of the respondents, 43% reported that physical restraints were used for more than 75% of mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive care units with a higher frequency of physical restraint use had a significantly greater number of beds per nurse compared to those with a lower frequency; however, after adjusting for the number of beds in the ICU and hospital type in a logistic regression analysis, the number of beds per nurse was no longer significantly related to the use of physical restraints.ConclusionsPhysical restraints are commonly used among patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in Japan. A systematic approach to reducing physical restraint use among mechanically ventilated patients is needed.
US alternative jet fuel deployment scenario analyses identifying key drivers and geospatial patterns for the first billion gallons,
Authors: Lewis Kristin C. , Newes Emily K. , Peterson Steven O. , Pearlson Matthew N. , Lawless Emily A. , Brandt Kristin , Camenzind Dane , Wolcott Michael P. , English Burton C. , Latta Gregory S. , Malwitz Andrew , Hileman James I. , Brown Nathan L. , Haq Zia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aviation sector's commitments to carbon‐neutral growth in international aviation starting in 2020, and the desire to improve supply surety, price stability, and the environmental performance of aviation fuels, have led to broad interest in sustainable alternative jet fuels. Here, we use the system‐dynamics‐based biomass scenario model (BSM), focused on alternative jet fuel production capacity evolution, and the geospatially explicit Freight and Fuel Transportation Optimization Tool (FTOT), focused on optimal feedstock and fuel flows over the transportation system, to explore the incentive effects on alternative jet fuel production capacity trajectories and potential geospatial patterns of production and delivery in the USA. Scenarios presented here focus on readily available waste feedstocks (waste fats, oils and greases, municipal solid waste, and crop and forestry residues) and conversion technologies included in the ASTM D7566 synthesized aviation turbine fuels specification. The BSM modeling of possible deployment trajectories from 2015 to 2045 suggests that up to 8 billion gallons may be available by 2045 depending on the policies and incentives implemented. Both approaches suggest that 200 million to 1 billion gallons per year of alternative jet fuel production are possible in 2030 given multiple incentives and a favorable investment climate, and that capital costs and technology maturation rates will affect deployment of different fuel production technologies, and therefore the feedstocks needed. Further collaboration on these modeling approaches would reduce methodological blind spots while providing insights into future industry trajectories. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Isolation and Characterization of Four Phosphorus Cluster Anions P73–, P144–, P162– and P264– from the Nucleophilic Functionalization of White Phosphorus with 1,4‐Dilithio‐1,3‐butadienes
Authors: Du Shanshan , Hu Jingyuan , Chai Zhengqi , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: December 2018

Summary of main observation and conclusionStudies on the aggregation degrees of negatively charged phosphides derived from the nucleophilic P4 functionalization could help understand the pathway of phosphorus atoms degradation or aggregation. In this report, we have isolated and characterized four phosphorus cluster anions (P73–, P144–, P162–, and P264–) from the nucleophilic functionalization of P4 with 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐butadienes. These phosphorus clusters could be rationalized as the P‐atom‐containing products besides the main phospholyl lithium. Their structural features and 31P NMR behaviors are discussed based on single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and 31P{1H} COSY NMR analysis.
Effect of Fluoro Substituents on Polynitroarylenes: Design, Synthesis and Theoretical Studies of Fluorinated Nitrotoluenes
Authors: Zhang Junlin , Liu Yingzhe , Zhou Jing , Bi Fuqiang , Wang Bozhou 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe replacement of traditional polynitroarylenes by their fluorinated derivatives has attracted great attention due to the improvements on detonation performance caused by the fluorine effect. A straightforward synthesis of three novel fluorinated nitrotoluenes with different degrees of nitration was achieved under selected high temperatures. The fluorine exerted remarkable influence on the nitration process through the electron‐withdrawing effect and a mechanism of the transformation was proposed according to the experimental results. Thermal decomposition behavior of the fluorinated nitrotoluenes was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and all the compounds showed ideal low melt points for the melt‐cast process. X‐ray analysis of the fluorinated derivatives were carried out as well as density functional calculations to establish the electronic density and electrostatic potential on the molecular surface of the optimized structures. The good thermal and detonation properties make the newly developed fluorinated nitrotoluenes possible replacements for trinitrotoluene and dinitrotoluene in the formation of melt‐cast energetic materials.
Circuit modeling and efficiency analysis for wireless power transfer system with shielding
Authors: Chen Weiming , Lu Weiguo , Wang Xi 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIt is an effective way to use magnetic shielding scheme in magnetic coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) system to reduce magnetic flux leakage. However, the additional shielding material would affect the equivalent circuit model and the power transmission efficiency of WPT system. Although the impact of some common shielding materials on the transmission efficiency has been studied using finite element simulation, there is still a lack of understanding about the impact to the equivalent model in theory. In this paper, the equivalent circuit and transmission efficiency of WPT system are analyzed theoretically under the influence of different shielding materials, and the relationship between material electrical characteristics and transmission efficiency is presented. In our WPT prototype with two 166‐mm diameter coils under ferrite shielding and aluminum shielding, the achieved maximum transmission efficiencies are 95.7% for 100‐kHz resonant frequency and 97.9% for 1‐MHz resonant frequency under the ferrite shielding, and the efficiency errors between the analytical and experimental results are less than 5% for 100‐kHz resonant frequency and 10% for 1‐MHz resonant frequency.
A systematic review of gut‐immune‐brain mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Azhari Atiqah , Azizan Farouq , Esposito Gianluca 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite decades of research, the etiological origins of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remain elusive. Recently, the mechanisms of ASD have encompassed emerging theories involving the gastrointestinal, immune, and nervous systems. While each of these perspectives presents its own set of supporting evidence, the field requires an integration of these modular concepts and an overarching view of how these subsystems intersect. In this systematic review, we have synthesized relevant evidences from the existing literature, evaluating them in an interdependent manner and in doing so, outlining their possible connections. Specifically, we first discussed gastrointestinal and immuno‐inflammation pathways in‐depth, exploring the relationships between microbial composition, bacterial metabolites, gut mucosa, and immune system constituents. Accounting for temporal differences in the mechanisms involved in neurodevelopment, prenatal and postnatal phases were further elucidated, where the former focused on maternal immune activation (MIA) and fetal development, while the latter addressed the role of immune dysregulation in contributing to atypical neurodevelopment. As autism remains, foremost, a neurodevelopmental disorder, this review presents an integration of disparate modules into a “Gut‐Immune‐Brain” paradigm. Existing gaps in the literature have been highlighted, and possible avenues for future research with an integrated physiological perspective underlying ASD have also been suggested.
Influence of fruit dispersal on genotypic diversity and migration rates of a clonal cactus from the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: García‐Morales Erick , Carrillo‐Ángeles Israel G. , Golubov Jordan , Piñero Daniel , Mandujano María C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe diverse offspring of clonal species differ in their dispersability, influencing genotypic diversity and clonal structure. Here, we determined dispersal patterns and their impact on genetic structure in Opuntia microdasys, a self‐incompatible cactus with three dispersal units (one sexual and two clonal). We analyzed dispersal, using experiments at three populations, and assessed multilocus genotypes (ISSR markers) of all individuals in 10 clumps per population with known reproductive origin (sexual or clonal). Genotype of all samples, population structure, and migration between clumps and populations were assessed with GenAlEx and GenoDive, assuming higher genotypic diversity and migration when sexual reproduction is more frequent. We determined the most likely number of genetic clusters with STRUCTURE and GENELAND. Dispersal differed among populations; primary dispersal occurred at short distances and was farthest on steep slopes, and dispersal distance increased after secondary dispersal. Clumps had 116 different multilocus genotypes in three spatially explicit genetic clusters. We detected genetic structure at small scale, genotypic diversity among clumps varied between populations; diversity decreased while clonal dominance increased, and the most variation occurred among clumps. Genetic structure was moderate, suggesting gene flow by seed dispersal allows slight differentiation among population at large scales. Genetic diversity within clumps was the lowest because dispersal of clonal propagules was limited and caused genotypic dominance at local scale. However, the combined dispersal pattern of sexual and clonal dispersal units is fine‐tuned by environmental factors, generating a range of genetic diversity among clusters and populations. This pattern suggests that genetic structure of clonal plants is more dynamic than thought, and dispersal of different types of offspring affects genetic structure at many scales.
Expression of Plet1 controls interstitial migration of murine small intestinal dendritic cells
Authors: Karrich Julien J. , Romera‐Hernández Mónica , Papazian Natalie , Veenbergen Sharon , Cornelissen Ferry , Aparicio‐Domingo Patricia , Stenhouse Frances H. , Peddie C. Diana , Hoogenboezem Remco M. , den Hollander Chelsea W. J. , Gaskell Terri , Medley Tanya , Boon Louis , Blackburn C. Clare , Withers David R. , Samsom Janneke N. , Cupedo Tom 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnder homeostatic conditions, dendritic cells (DCs) continuously patrol the intestinal lamina propria. Upon antigen encounter, DCs initiate C‐C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression and migrate into lymph nodes to direct T cell activation and differentiation. The mechanistic underpinnings of DC migration from the tissues to lymph nodes have been largely elucidated, contributing greatly to our understanding of DC functionality and intestinal immunity. In contrast, the molecular mechanisms allowing DCs to efficiently migrate through the complex extracellular matrix of the intestinal lamina propria prior to antigen encounter are still incompletely understood. Here we show that small intestinal murine CD11b+CD103+ DCs express Placenta‐expressed transcript 1 (Plet1), a glycophoshatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored surface protein involved in migration of keratinocytes during wound healing. In the absence of Plet1, CD11b+CD103+ DCs display aberrant migratory behavior, and accumulate in the small intestine, independent of CCR7 responsiveness. RNA‐sequencing indicated involvement of Plet1 in extracellular matrix‐interactiveness, and subsequent in‐vitro migration assays revealed that Plet1 augments the ability of DCs to migrate through extracellular matrix containing environments. In conclusion, our findings reveal that expression of Plet1 facilitates homeostatic interstitial migration of small intestinal DCs.
Evaluation of force‐based and displacement‐based out‐of‐plane seismic assessment methods for unreinforced masonry walls through refined model simulations
Authors: Godio Michele , Beyer Katrin 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe performance of force‐based and displacement‐based seismic assessment methods for the life‐safety limit state check of out‐of‐plane loaded unreinforced masonry walls is evaluated on the basis of refined numerical simulations. For this purpose, a discrete element model of a vertically spanning wall is built and validated against experimental results from static and dynamic test conditions. The model is then analysed for a large range of wall configurations. For each configuration, a static pushover analysis and a series of incremental dynamic analyses are run, the latter permitting to determine the capacity of the wall under dynamic loading. The accuracy of the assessment methods in predicting the acceleration at which the walls collapse is evaluated. It is found that the displacement‐based method is more accurate, robust, and safe than the force‐based method. The comparison also shows that for walls characterised by a relatively high ratio of axial load to Euler's critical load, both assessment methods lead to an overestimation of the wall capacity. As a remedy, a modification to the methods based on a recently developed mechanical model is put forward and tested. For the force‐based method, it is additionally suggested to set for walls with relatively high overburden ratios the behaviour factor equal to 1. To ensure reproducibility of this study, all input and output files of the numerical simulations are made publicly available.
Promotion of skin wound healing using prevascularized oral mucosal cell sheet
Authors: Lee Jaewang , Shin Daiha , Roh Jong‐Lyel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the potential use of our newly developed prevascularized oral mucosal cell sheet for the treatment of skin wounds.MethodsMucosal cell sheets containing cultured keratinocytes and plasma fibrin without (K sheet) or with a mixture of fibroblasts and endothelial progenitor cells (PV sheet) were transplanted into full‐thickness skin excisional wounds of nude mice.ResultsThis technique was successful for in vitro culture; expanding keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial progenitor cells; and generating prevascularized mucosal cell sheets. Cell sheets promoted in vivo wound healing with rapid wound closure and less scarring compared to controls. This result was more apparent in the PV than the K sheet (P < .05). Wounds covered with cell sheets showed less expression of TGFB1, ACTA2, and FN1 mRNAs than the controls (P < .05).ConclusionThe prevascularized mucosal cell sheet showed in vivo efficacy and tissue plasticity in cutaneous wounds by promoting accelerated healing.
Sowing social inclusion for marginalised residents of a social housing development through a community garden
Authors: Mmako Nkolika J. , Capetola Teresa , Henderson‐Wilson Claire 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIssue addressedIn addition to food, physical activity, mental health and environmental benefits, community gardens (CGs) provide opportunities for social inclusion and increased social capital. These are particularly important to the socially isolated residents of social housing developments (SHDs). This scoping study explored the feasibility of a CG program for tenants of SHD in inner eastern Melbourne by assessing their interest in, and requirements for, inclusively designed CGs.MethodsIn this phenomenological enquiry, focus group discussions, supported by photo‐elicitation, were employed. Three focus groups (N = 19) were conducted with self‐selected participants who consented to participate. Two focus groups were conducted with English‐speaking tenants while a third focus group was conducted with Mandarin‐speaking tenants.ResultsThere was a demand for CGs by the English‐speaking participants driven by desire for networking, social connectedness and inclusion; for improved access to fresh produce, connection with nature, physical activity and mental well‐being. Participants expressed interest in a garden located near their SHD with supportive physical and social environments including disability access, plot autonomy, fencing, socio‐cultural events, training programs and management opportunities. However, the Mandarin‐speaking tenants maintained that age, language difficulty and neighbourhood insecurity posed significant barriers to their participation.ConclusionGuided by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, social inclusion and community development theories, the study recommends that to establish socially inclusive CGs, a dynamic relationship of the design principles of a CG and the socio‐ecological determinants of health should be established to address any barriers and successfully facilitate engagement. In addition, CG programs need to be guided by community development principles. Future research could employ community‐based participatory research models in the implementation and evaluation of a CG program for socially isolated population groups.