bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Air Content in Fresh Concretes with PCE-Based Superplasticizers
Authors: Al-Neshawy Fahim , Ojala Teemu , Punkki Jouni 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Air contents of concrete are necessary for concrete durability in freeze-thaw exposure. According to the Finnish concrete code, the target value for air content varies between 4% and 5.5% for XF - exposure classes. Lately in Finland, some cases showed an elevation of air contents up to 15% in fresh air-entrained concrete at construction site and in drilled concrete samples.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the stability of air entrainment by measuring the air content elevation 30 minutes and 60 minutes after concrete mixing and investigating the concrete sensitivity to segregation. Composition of concretes used in this study include 7 different combination of PCE based superplasticizer and air-entraining agent admixtures, cement content of 425 kg/m3, two consistency classes S3 with water to cement ration of 0.33 and F5 with water to cement ration of 0.38. One cement type was used for all concrete mixes. The concretes were mixed for 2 minutes and 5 minutes mixing times.
The results show that the elevation of the air content of fresh concrete depends on the consistency of the concrete and on the used combination of superplasticizer and air-entraining agents. The higher consistency classes concretes have more risk of air elevation with some combinations of PCE-based superplasticizers and air-entraining agents. The results also indicate that short mixing time would not be enough to achieve total effectivity of some air-entraining agents, especially for higher consistency classes concrete.
Wheel running induced by intermittent food schedules
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ferre Valeria E. , Pellón Ricardo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sixteen naïve male Wistar rats were exposed to intermittent food delivery to measure the development of schedule-induced wheel running, using fixed time (FT) 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 s schedules, counterbalanced across animals according to a Latin square design (except under the FT 480 s, which was always presented last to complete the data set). Rats were also exposed to a massed-food control condition. Wheel running was induced in the range of 30-240 s with a gradation as a function of inter-food interval (IFI) length. The temporal distribution of wheel turns was generally presented in the form of an inverted U-shaped as IFIs progressed, showing maximum responding during the first portion of the interval. The introduction of massed-food resulted in an immediate reduction in wheel running. These results support the notion that wheel running can be schedule-induced and categorized into the so-called adjunctive behaviors. These data indicate that IFI length affects the development of schedule-induced wheel running and that the rate of wheel running is maintained by intermittent reinforcement, which are common characteristics of schedule-induced behaviors. Likewise, this idea is supported by the occurrence of a similar temporal pattern to that found with other adjunctive behaviors, such as schedule-induced polydipsia, with its maximum manifestation occurring between the beginning and middle of IFIs.
Vertical Mapping of Auditory Loudness: Loud is High, but Quiet is not Always Low
Authors: Puigcerver Laura , Rodríguez-Cuadrado Sara , Gómez-Tapia Víctor , Navarra Jordi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although the perceptual association between verticality and pitch has been widely studied, the link between loudness and verticality is not fully understood yet. While loud and quiet sounds are assumed to be equally associated crossmodally with spatial elevation, there are perceptual differences between the two types of sounds that may suggest the contrary. For example, loud sounds tend to generate greater activity, both behaviourally and neurally, than quiet sounds. Here we investigated whether this difference percolates into the crossmodal correspondence between loudness and verticality. In an initial phase, participants learned one-to-one arbitrary associations between two tones differing in loudness (82dB vs. 56dB) and two coloured rectangles (blue vs. yellow). During the experimental phase, they were presented with the two-coloured stimuli (each one located above or below a central “departure” point) together with one of the two tones.
Participants had to indicate which of the two-coloured rectangles corresponded to the previously-associated tone by moving a mouse cursor from the departure point towards the target. The results revealed that participants were significantly faster responding to the loud tone when the visual target was located above (congruent condition) than when the target was below the departure point (incongruent condition). For quiet tones, no differences were found between the congruent (quiet-down) and the incongruent (quiet-up) conditions. Overall, this pattern of results suggests that possible differences in the neural activity generated by loud and quiet sounds influence the extent to which loudness and spatial elevation share representational content.
Ludwig Lachmann as a Theorist of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Horwitz Steven 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
One of the distinctive features of the Austrian School of Economics has been its emphasis on the entrepreneur as central to the market process. One 20th century Austrian whose work is normally not thought of as making a major contribution to the Austrian theory of entrepreneurship is Ludwig Lachmann. However, a careful reading of his 1956 book Capital and its Structure can tease out a theory of the function of the entrepreneur that is distinctly different from that of Israel Kirzner, yet still clearly situated in an Austrian conception of the market process. In this contribution, I want to emphasize two points that have been raised by previous work on Lachmann, but not explored in any detail. The first is that Lachmann’s conception of entrepreneurship is deeply bound up with the need to engage in monetary calculation thanks to the heterogeneity of capital and uncertainty of the future. For Lachmann, the key function of the entrepreneur is to “specify” the uses of capital goods. Such specification requires the use of money prices and what Mises called monetary calculation. The second contribution is to offer more detail on the way in which entrepreneurs both creatively specify and re-specify the uses of their capital goods in response to profit and loss signals. The constant shuffling and reshuffling of capital goods, of which coming up with new products or new twists to old ones are a part, is the essence of Lachmann’s implicit vision of entrepreneurship. For Lachmann, entrepreneurship is bound up with resource ownership and deployment through the creation and revision of plans in ways that are much more active than Kirzner’s conception of the entrepreneur.
Menger’s Anti-Historical Method Versus the Neoclassical Anti-Historical Method
Authors: Machaj Mateusz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Due to the famous methodenstreit it is often well argued that Menger’s approach to social sciences can be seen as anti-historical, as according to him pure empirical studies are insufficient to establish a firm economic theory. By suggesting that some theorems have to precede historical studies, Menger may be seen as a representative of the a priori tradition in scientific method. The modern method in the mainstream of economic thinking is also to a large extent anti-historical and a priori, but because of its lack of realism and extensive reliance on very limiting assumptions. The main strength of the Mengerian anti-historical approach is lesser faith in imaginary constructs, implying a higher degree of realism in theorizing.
Ludwig Lachmann and the Austrians
Authors: Lewin Peter 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ludwig Lachmann looked to the Austrian School of economics as an intellectual space of refuge from the sterile formalism that constituted the academic work of the mainstream economics establishment. From an early interest in capital-theory, he moved to broader epistemological, methodological, and institutional concerns – specifically, from the subjectivism of values to the subjectivism of expectations and the implications thereof for human action. Human action in disequilibrium was his central focus. This paper examines the relationship of Lachmann’s views to the Austrians, those who preceded him, those of his time, and those who have come after him. During his lifetime his views sometimes provoked controversy. I examine this from the perspective of 2017 and the concerns of the modern Austrian intellectual community and find that Lachmann’s views are surprisingly much more complementary to those of his contemporary Austrians than has perhaps hitherto been realized.
Time, Capital, and Technological Progress in the Austrian School of Economics
Authors: Ciborowski Robert W. , Kargol-Wasiluk Aneta , Zalesko Marian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article investigates the significance of time, the nature of capital, and the role of technological progress in economic processes. The presented analysis of the three economic categories makes use of the theoretical achievements of notable representatives of the Austrian School of Economics, for whom a creative entrepreneur was the main protagonist of the interactions taking place in the economy. The above-mentioned economic categories, taken together, are for him the foundation of human activity. The time factor is of great importance for man – individuals constantly analyse historical events so as to attain success in contemporary economic reality, and in the future. Capital is the basis for economic calculation, which underpins all entrepreneurial activity. Technological progress, which happens in time and requires considerable capital outlay, is the driving force of economic growth.
The Role of Rhetoric in Economics and Economy*
Authors: Czech Sławomir 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper we attempt to show that rhetoric plays an important role in economics as a science and in economy as a social system. Our task is rather demonstrative, but it aims at stripping away the illusion that economics has acquired a status equal to the natural sciences, in which there is no place for subjectivism and ambiguity. Economics belongs, after all, to the realm of the social sciences and as such it is subject to the limitations of human cognition and understanding. We show that economics as a science is not free from employing sophisticated methods of persuasion and rhetoric. Next, we also try to demonstrate that rhetoric can be a useful tool in creating economic reality. It does not have influence on economic processes per se, but it is helpful in constructing an institutional architecture of the economy by influencing public opinion and decision makers.
Austrian Economics and the Evolutionary Paradigm*
Authors: Beck Naomi , Witt Ulrich 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the challenges raised by the inclusion of evolutionary elements in the theories of Carl Menger, Joseph Schumpeter, and Friedrich Hayek. Each adopted an idiosyncratic position in terms of method of inquiry, focus, and general message. The breadth of the topics and phenomena they cover testifies to the great variety of interpretations and potential uses of evolutionary concepts in economics. Menger, who made no reference to Darwin’s theory, advanced an “organic” view of the emergence of social institutions. Schumpeter elaborated an original theory of industrial development based on the recurrent emergence and dissemination of innovations. Hayek adopted the biological notion of group selection and made it the central element in his theory of cultural evolution and the rise of the free market. The chapter concludes with a preliminary evaluation of the possible role that evolutionary theorizing might play in the future development of Austrian economics.
Taxonomic Position of Anastrangalia reyi and A. sequensi (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Based on Molecular and Morphological Data
Authors: Zamoroka A. M. , Semaniuk D. V. , Shparyk V. Yu. , Mykytyn T.V. , Skrypnyk S. V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Anastrangalia reyi (Heyden, 1889) and Anastrangalia sequensi (Reitter, 1898) are morphologically similar species described in late of XIX century. The recent barcoding revealed that A. reyi is almost identical to another species, Anastrangalia dubia (Scopoli, 1763), by the sequence of nucleotides in cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI). Consequently, the taxonomic position of these species is unclear. We have conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of available data of COI sequences combined with a study of morphological characters of the male genitalia of A. reyi, A. sequensi and A. dubia. Based on 87 sequenced samples we built well-resolved phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree. We found the clades of A. dubia, A. reyi and A. sequensi to be closely related and arranged in the dense cluster. Despite this, numerous cases of introgressive hybridization of A. reyi and A. dubia were identified, indicating an inadequate reproductive barrier between them. The study of morphological features of male genitalia of A. reyi, A. sequensi and A. dubia shows minor differences between them. Based on these facts and the results of the phylogenetic analysis we propose to consider A. reyi and A. sequensi to be subspecies of A. dubia.
The First Records of Corynoptera species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Ukraine
Authors: Babytskiy A. I. , Zuieva O. A. , Bezsmertna O. O. , Dudiak I. D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Five species of black fungus gnats of the genus Corynoptera Winnertz, 1867, C. perpusilla Winnertz, 1867, C. praeparvula Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1983, C. subparvula Tuomikoski, 1960, C. concinna (Winnertz, 1867), and C. hypopygialis (Lengersdorf, 1926) are recorded from Ukraine for the first time. Also C. concinna is firstly recorded from Hungary. Distributions of these species are summarized and diagnoses of the species are provided.
Influence of Temperature on Breaking Diapause, Development and Emergence of Megachile minutissima (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)
Authors: Kamel S. M. , Osman M. A. M. , Mahmoud M. F. , Haggag El-S. I. , Aziz A. R. , Shebl M. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The leafcutting bee, Megachile minutissima Radoszkowski, 1876, is a valuable pollinator of alfalfa grown for seed production in Egypt. In order to control adult emergence of M. minutissima to be synchronized with the expected changes in flowering times of alfalfa crop, breaking the prepupal diapause to initiate the subsequent developmental stages of this insect pollinator is necessary. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the influence of incubation temperature at 30 ± 0.4 °C after different intervals of cold storage at 10 ± 0. 4 °C on loose bee cells containing diapaused prepupae, which were obtained during the previous season from the successful nesting straws of the artificial nests. Results indicated that the shortest incubation time required for breaking prepupal diapause was about 12 and 19 days to reach the pupal and adult stages, respectively. The percentage of emerged adults was about 60 % at 152 days cold store, and gradually decreased with the increase of cold storage periods in 2009. Meanwhile, the percentage of emerged adults ranged between 40–60 % at all cold storage periods in 2010. Moreover, the results indicated that the optimal period of cold storage at 10 ± 0.4 °C for diapaused prepupae in their loose cells should be between 146 to 153 days, where the maximum rate of adult emergence was occurred. The maximum rate of newly emerged males and females of M. minutissima was recorded at 10 % and 26 % in April 26, 2009 and 30 % and 20 % in May 4, 2010, respectively. However, the minimum rate of adult emergence was occurred in August, September and October months.
Peranan Machmud Hasjim Dalam Pembangunan Universitas Sriwijaya Tahun 1994-1999
Authors: Thahir Muhammad , Sair Alian , Asmi Adhitya Rol 
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Peranan yang dilakukan oleh Machmud Hasjim sebagai rektor Universitas Sriwijaya periode 1994-1999 dalam upaya awalnya untuk melaksanakan program link and match, perpindahan kampus Palembang ke kampus Indralaya, pendirian program pascasarjana, dan membangun sarana, prasarana dan sumber daya manusia serta membangun kehidupan kampus yang religius. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode historis atau metode sejarah. sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang peneliti gunakan adalah menggunakan studi pustaka dan wawancaraSecara praktis manfaat yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dapat dijadikannya hasil penelitian ini sebagai langkah awal untuk penelitian-penelitian yang berkaitan dengan Peranan tokoh-tokoh yang berkontribusi dalam Pembangunan Universitas SriwijayaÂ dan Sejarah perkembangan Unsri yang dibuat oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah dan diharapkan dapat menjadi mata kuliah khusus bagi Universitas Sriwijaya yang bermanfaat untuk menumbuhkan rasa kebangaan terhadap almamater dan semakin menambah ketekunan dalam berprestasi.
PEMANFAATAN KERJA SAMA INDONESIA-JEPANG ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (IJEPA) DAN INDONESIA – PAKISTAN PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT (IPPTA)
Authors: Ningsih Endah Ayu , Falianty Telisa Aulia , Budiarti Fitri Tri 
Published: July 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini mengevaluasi tingkat pemanfaatan Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) dan Indonesia-Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement (IPPTA) dalam ekspor dan impor Indonesia ke Jepang dan Pakistan. Tingkat pemanfaatan FTA untuk ekspor menggunakan rasio nilai perdagangan yang termuat dalam Surat Keterangan Asal (SKA) terhadap nilai ekspor ke negara mitra. Sedangkan tingkat pemanfaatan impor menggunakan rasio nilai impor produk yang memenuhi syarat terhadap total impor Indonesia dari negara mitra. Studi ini menemukan bahwa pemanfaatan IJEPA (2012-2016) cenderung menurun. Pada tahun 2016 tingkat pemanfaatan ekspor sebesar 47,2%. Sementara pemanfaatan IPPTA untuk ekspor ke Pakistan mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sejak diimplementasi tahun 2013 dengan tingkat pemanfaatan ekspor sebesar 72,0% pada tahun 2016. Di sisi impor pemanfaatan IJEPA mencapai 67,7% sementara IPPTA hanya 18,8% (2016). Pemanfaatan impor IJEPA dan IPPTA relatif stagnan, jumlah perusahaan yang menggunakan SKA IJEPA sudah pada level jenuh, sementara pengguna SKA IPPTA masih tumbuh 18,2% per tahun. Bentuk PTA lebih memberikan dampak positif bagi peningkatan ekspor Indonesia ke negara mitra dibandingkan FTA yang komprehensif. Kebijakan melakukan FTA dalam bentuk Economic Partnership perlu disertai dengan kerja sama yang menjamin peningkatan perdagangan yang seimbang antar negara anggota. AbstractThis study aims to address the utilization level of The Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) and Indonesia-Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement (IPPTA). The level of FTA utilization for exports was measured by the ratio of trade value recorded in the Certificate of Origin (CoO) to Indonesia’s export value to the related country. While the level of utilization of imports was defined by the ratio of the import value of eligible products to Indonesia's total imports from the related country. The study found IJEPA’s utilization during 2012-2016 tended to decrease. In 2016, the level of utilization was about 47.2%. While IPPTA utilization for exports to Pakistan experienced a significant increase since it was implemented in 2013 with a rate of export utilization was 72.0% in 2016. On the import side, the level of utilization under IJEPA reached 67.7% while IPPTA was only 18.8% at the same period. In terms of the imports utilization level of both IJEPA and IPPTA, it was relatively stagnant, while the number of companies utilize IJEPA’s CoO was saturated. In contrast, IPPTA’s CoO users still grew at 18.2% per year. This study concluded PTA provides more positive impact on increasing Indonesia's exports to related countries than comprehensive FTAs. Thus, establishing an FTA in the form of an Economic Partnership needs to be followed with the cooperation that guarantees trade balance within the parties.
PENGEMBANGAN PASAR EKSPOR LADA INDONESIA
Authors: Nurhayati Ely , Hartoyo Sri , Mulatsih Sri 
Published: July 2019

AbstrakSalah satu komoditas yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan kinerja ekspor Indonesia sebagai negara agraris adalah lada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pasar potensial untuk ekspor lada yang bisa dikembangkan, serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor komoditas lada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan Gravity Model. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan model RCA, EPD, dan X-model menunjukkan bahwa ‘pasar optimis’ untuk dikembangkan adalah Belanda. Sedangkan ‘pasar potensial’ untuk dikembangkan adalah Malaysia, Vietnam, Korea Selatan, Rusia, Prancis, Belgia, Jerman, dan Amerika Serikat. Sementara itu hasil analisis dengan menggunakan model Gravity menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor adalah domestik bruto per kapita, populasi, harga ekspor, jarak ekonomi dan tarif. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor lada untuk mengembangkan pasar ekspor. Faktor tersebut diantaranya menjaga stabilitas harga ekspor, memilih pasar dengan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) per kapita yang tinggi, populasi yang besar dan cenderung meningkat, serta memiliki jarak ekonomi dan tarif yang kecil dan cenderung menurun. AbstractPepper is one of agricultural commodities that has significant export value for Indonesia. The study aims to analyze the potential market for pepper exports that can be developed, and the factors that influence pepper commodity exports. This research used RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity Model methods. Using the RCA, EPD, and X-model the study indicated that ‘the optimistic market’ to be developed was the Netherlands. While ‘the potential markets’ to be developed were Malaysia, Vietnam, South Korea, Russia, France, Belgium, Germany and the United States. Using the Gravity model, it was confirmed factors affected export were gross domestic product per capita, population, export prices, economic distance and tariffs. This study recommends that the Government needs to consider the following factors including the stability of export prices, a market with high Dross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and a large population which tends to increase, and a small economic distance and tariff that tends to decline.
Topraktan İzole Edilen Bacillus Türlerinden α-Amilazın İzolasyonu ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: KAYA Sedat , ENEZ Barış 
Published: July 2019

Toprak
mikroflorasının önemli bir kısmı Bacillus
cinsi bakterilerden oluşur. Bu bakterilerden elde edilen amilazların daha fazla
stabilite, yüksek verimlilik ve düşük üretim maliyetine sahip olma gibi
özellikleri vardı. Bundan dolayı topraktan izole edilen Bacillus cereus WYS01, Bacillus
thuringiensis VITLW1, Bacillus
thuringiensis ES2I3P, Bacillus cereus
TG16 mikroorganizmalardan α-amilazın izolasyonu ve karakterizasyonunu
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmada bütün bakterilerin maksimum enzim
üretiminin 36. saatte, pH 7.0 ve 40 ºC’de olduğu tespit edildi.
Mikroorganizmalar arasında spesifik aktivitesi en yüksek olan Bacillus cereus WYS01’tur. Enzim
aktivitesine sıcaklık ve pH gibi önemli etkisi olan parametrelere bakıldı. Bacillus thuringiensis VITLW1, Bacillus thuringiensis ES2I3P ve Bacillus cereus TG16 bakterilerinin 40
ºC de, Bacillus cereus WYS01’in ise
60 ºC de maksimum aktiviteyi gösterdiği tespit edildi. Bütün mikroorganizmalar
en fazla pH7.0 da α-amilaz aktivitesini gerçekleştirdi. Bu çalışmada
endüstriyel ve biyoteknolojik yönden önemi olan amilazın bakteriler tarafından
elde edildiği belirlendi.