bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining long‐term fault activity in the brittle domain through in situ dating of hydrothermal monazite
Authors: Bergemann Christian A. , Gnos Edwin , Berger Alfons , Whitehouse Martin J. , Mullis Josef , Walter Franz , Bojar Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSIMS Th–Pb dating of hydrothermal fissure‐vein monazite‐(Ce) has the unique potential to date multiple tectonic events under low‐grade metamorphic brittle/ductile conditions over large time frames. Monazites‐(Ce) from brittle fault systems in the Eastern Alps allow us to constrain their Cretaceous activity over 20 Ma within single crystals, recording all major tectonic events. Eo‐Alpine formation of the fluid‐filled fissure‐veins occurred 90 Ma ago at 352 ± 19°C and 342 ± 42 MPa. This corresponds to peak conditions during regional metamorphism of the Cretaceous collisional nappe stacking. Several stages of dissolution–reprecipitation/recrystallization record fault activity between 84 and 70 Ma. Corresponding fluid inclusions indicate conditions of 229 ± 10°C and 143 ± 20 MPa. This correlates with the formation of sedimentary basins during post‐orogenic extension associated with strike‐slip movements. The results strengthen the hypothesis that many large fault systems in the Eastern Alps developed during the Cretaceous orogeny and became reactivated during Neogene Alpine tectonics.
High intraspecific diversity of Restorer‐of‐fertility‐like genes in barley
Authors: Melonek Joanna , Zhou Ruonan , Bayer Philipp E. , Edwards David , Stein Nils , Small Ian 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY
Nuclear restorer of fertility (Rf) genes suppress the effects of mitochondrial genes causing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a condition in which plants fail to produce viable pollen. Rf genes, many of which encode RNA‐binding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, are applied in hybrid breeding to overcome CMS used to block self‐pollination of the seed parent. Here, we characterise the repertoire of restorer‐of‐fertility‐like (RFL) PPR genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare). We found 26 RFL genes in the reference genome (‘Morex’) and an additional 51 putative orthogroups (POGs) in a re‐sequencing data set from 262 barley genotypes and landraces. Whereas the sequences of some POGs are highly conserved across hundreds of barley accessions, the sequences of others are much more variable. High sequence variation strongly correlates with genomic location – the most variable genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 1H. A much higher likelihood of diversifying selection was found for genes within this cluster than for genes present as singlets. This work includes a comprehensive analysis of the patterns of intraspecific variation of RFL genes. The RFL sequences characterised in this study will be useful for the development of new markers for fertility restoration loci.
Alloimmunization risk associated with amino acid 223 substitution in the RhD protein: analysis in the light of molecular modeling
Authors: de Brevern Alexandre G. , Floch Aline , Barrault Aurélie , Martret Jennifer , Bodivit Gwellaouen , Djoudi Rachid , Pirenne France , Tournamille Christophe 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDPartial D status is a major concern for transfusion and pregnancy, due to the possibility of carriers becoming immunized. When known carriers of a D variant have never been exposed to complete D, they are assumed to have D partial status based on the position of the amino acid substituted. New approaches for predicting immunization risk are required. We built a three‐dimensional (3D) structural model to investigate the consequences of substitutions of Amino Acid 223 involved in a large number of D variants.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHomology modeling was performed with multiple templates. The model was evaluated by comparing the interactions of the known p.Phe223Val variant (RHD*08.01) and a new p.Phe223Ser variant (RHD*52) to RhD reference allele (p.Phe223). The consequences predicted by modeling the variants were compared with serologic data.RESULTSThe 3D structural model was generated from two related protein structures and assessed with state‐of‐the‐art approaches. An analysis of the interactions of the variant Residue 223 in the proposed 3D model highlighted the importance of this position. Modeling predictions were consistent with the serologic and clinical data obtained for the D antigen with a substitution of Amino Acid 223.CONCLUSIONWe used a 3D structural model to evaluate the effect of the p.Phe223 substitution on the conformation of the RhD protein. This model shed light on the influence of substitutions on the structure of the RhD protein and the associated alloimmunization risk. These initial findings indicate that the p.Phe223Ser variant can be considered partial.
Bursting strength of surgeon's and self‐locking knots for closure of ventral midline celiotomy in horses
Authors: McGlinchey Leah , Hanson R. Reid , Boone Lindsey H. , Rosanowski Sarah M. , Coleridge Matthew , Souza Camila , Munsterman Amelia S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the bursting strength and failure mode of ventral midline celiotomy closed with a simple continuous suture pattern with 1 of 2 knot combinations, a novel self‐locking knot combination of a forwarder start with an Aberdeen end knot (F‐A) and a traditional combination of a surgeon's start with a surgeon's end knot (S‐S).Study designEx vivo experimental.Sample populationEquine cadavers (n = 14).MethodsA 20‐cm ventral midline celiotomy was created in 14 equine cadavers. Horses were assigned to celiotomy closure with an F‐A or S‐S knot combination. Prior to closure, a 200‐L inflatable bladder was placed in the abdomen and then insufflated until failure of the celiotomy closure. The horses’ signalment, weight, breed, and age, as well as knot combination type, mode of failure, closure time, and bursting strength (mm Hg) were recorded.ResultsThe median bursting strength was significantly greater when incisions were closed with the F‐A knot combination (388 mm Hg) compared with the S‐S knot combination (290 mm Hg) (P = .035). Most incisions failed along the fascia when closed with F‐A combinations and at the knot when closed with S‐S combinations.ConclusionThe bursting strength of ventral midline incisions in equine cadavers was increased by an average of 25% when closed with the self‐locking F‐A knot combination.Clinical significanceClosing ventral midline celiotomies with an F‐A knot combination may provide a more secure closure than the traditional S‐S knot combination. Additional in vivo investigation is required prior to recommending this closure in clinical cases.
Causes and characteristics of injury in paediatric major trauma and trends over time
Authors: Beck Ben , Teague Warwick , Cameron Peter , Gabbe Belinda J 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate causes, characteristics and temporal trends of paediatric major trauma.DesignA retrospective review of paediatric major trauma (<16 years of age) was conducted using data from the population-based Victorian State Trauma Registry from 2006 to 2016. Temporal trends in population-based incidence rates were evaluated using Poisson regression.SettingVictoria, Australia.ResultsOf the 1511 paediatric major trauma patients, most were male (68%), had sustained blunt trauma (87%) and had injuries resulting from unintentional events (91%). Motor vehicle collisions (15%), struck by/collisions with an object or person (14%) and low falls (13%) were the leading mechanisms of injury. Compared with those aged 1–15 years, a greater proportion of non-accidental injury events were observed in infants (<1 year) (32%). For all patients, isolated head injury (29%), other/multitrauma (27%) and head and other injuries (24%) were the most prevalent injury groups. The incidence of paediatric major trauma did not change over the study period (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.97; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.02; p=0.27), which was consistent in all age groups. There was a 3% per year decline in the incidence of transport events (IRR=0.97; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99; p=0.005), but no change in the incidence of falls of any type (IRR=1.01; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.04; p=0.70) or other events (IRR=1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02; p=0.79). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 7.2%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated no change in the incidence of paediatric major trauma over an 11-year period. Given the potential lifelong impacts of serious injury in children, additional investment and coordination of injury prevention activities are required.
Research priorities for childhood chronic conditions: a workshop report
Authors: Lopez-Vargas Pamela , Tong Allison , Crowe Sally , Alexander Stephen I , Caldwell Patrina Ha Yuen , Campbell Dianne E , Couper Jennifer , Davidson Andrew , De Sukanya , Fitzgerald Dominic A , Haddad Suzy , Hill Sophie , Howell Martin , Jaffe Adam , James Laura J , Ju Angela , Manera Karine E , McKenzie Anne , Morrow Angie M , Odgers Harrison Lindsay , Pinkerton Ross , Ralph Angelique F , Richmond Peter , Shaw Peter J , Singh-Grewal Davinder , van Zwieten Anita , Wake Melissa , Craig Jonathan C 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundChronic conditions are the leading cause of mortality, morbidity and disability in children. However, children and caregivers are rarely involved in identifying research priorities, which may limit the value of research in supporting patient-centred practice and policy.ObjectiveTo identify priorities of patients, caregivers and health professionals for research in childhood chronic conditions and describe the reason for their choices.SettingAn Australian paediatric hospital and health consumer organisations.MethodsRecruited participants (n=73) included patients aged 8 to 14 years with a chronic condition (n=3), parents/caregivers of children aged 0 to 18 years with a chronic condition (n=19), representatives from consumer organisations (n=13) and health professionals including clinicians, researches (n=38) identified and discussed research priorities. Transcripts were thematically analysed.ResultsSeventy-eight research questions were identified. Five themes underpinned participants’ priorities: maintaining a sense of normality (enabling participation in school, supporting social functioning, promoting understanding and acceptance), empowering self-management and partnership in care (overcoming communication barriers, gaining knowledge and skills, motivation for treatment adherence, making informed decisions, access and understanding of complementary and alternative therapies),strengthening ability to cope (learning to have a positive outlook, preparing for home care management, transitioning to adult services), broadening focus to family (supporting sibling well-being, parental resilience and financial loss, alleviating caregiver burden), and improving quality and scope of health and social care (readdressing variability and inequities, preventing disease complications and treatment side effects, identifying risk factors, improving long-term outcomes, harnessing technology, integrating multidisciplinary services).ConclusionResearch priorities identified by children, caregivers and health professionals emphasise a focus on life participation, psychosocial well-being, impact on family and quality of care. These priorities may be used by funding and policy organisations in establishing a paediatric research agenda.
Effect of moderate-intensity exercise bouts lasting <10 minutes on body composition in sedentary Kenyan adults aged ≥50 years
Authors: Magutah Karani , Patel Nilesh B , Thairu Kihumbu 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundSedentary lifestyles and related morbidities are rising among adults despite existing exercise recommendations. Appealing exercise regimes yielding similar/better body composition should be sought.ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of moderate-intensity exercise bouts of <10 min on body composition in previously sedentary adults.MethodsThis unblinded study enrolled 53 healthy sedentary volunteers aged ≥50 years, randomised into one of two gender-balanced exercise interventions: (1) male and (2) female short-duration bouts (MS, n=14; FS, n = 13), and (3) male and (4) female long-duration bouts (ML, n=13; FL, n=13). Short-duration bouts entailed 5–10 min of jogging thrice daily; long-duration bouts, 30–60 min 3–5 days weekly. Body composition was determined at recruitment and 8-weekly thereafter, for 24 weeks.ResultsAt baseline, 14.3% of MS, 38.5% of ML, 92.3% of FSand 69.2% of FLwere obese, dropping to 7.1%, 15.4%, 61.5% and 30.8%, respectively. For waist:height ratio, 64.3 % of MS, 76.9% of ML, 100% of FSand 84.6.3% of FLhad ratios >0.5, dropping to 42.9%, 30.8%, 92.9% and 26.2%, respectively. While baseline MSand MLwaist:hip ratio (WHR) ≥0.9 were 64.3% and 69.2%, respectively, they correspondingly dropped to 23.1% and 21.4%. The FSand FLwith WHR ≥0.85 dropped from 46.2% to 15.4% and from 30.8% to 7.7%, respectively. Body composition variables improved for both sexes (all p <0.05) and mean change between exercise regimes was comparable for both sexes.ConclusionIn equal cumulative times, moderate-intensity exercise bouts lasting <10 min are comparable with current 30–60 min bouts in body composition modification for adults of ≥50 years.
Adjunctive Peony-Glycyrrhiza decoction for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Zheng Wei , Cai Dong-Bin , Li Hai-Yan , Wu Yu-Jie , Ng Chee H , Ungvari Gabor S , Xie Shan-Shan , Shi Zhan-Ming , Zhu Xiao-Min , Ning Yu-Ping , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHyperprolactinaemia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics (APs). The results of Peony-Glycyrrhiza decoction (PGD) as a potentially useful adjunctive treatment for hyperprolactinaemia are inconsistent.AimThis meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examined the efficacy and safety of adjunctive PGD therapy for AP-induced hyperprolactinaemia.MethodsEnglish (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO) and Chinese (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data) databases were systematically searched up to 10 June 2018. The inclusion criteria were based on PICOS—Participants: adult patients with schizophrenia; Intervention: PGD plus APs; Comparison: APs plus placebo or AP monotherapy; Outcomes: efficacy and safety; Study design: RCTs. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and risk ratio (RR) along with their 95% CIs were calculated using Review Manager (RevMan) V.5.3 software.ResultsFive RCTs (n=450) were included and analysed. Two RCTs (n=140) were double-blind and four RCTs (n=409) reported ‘random’ assignment with specific description. The PGD group showed a significantly lower serum prolactin level at endpoint than the control group (n=380, WMD: −32.69  ng/mL (95%  CI −41.66 to 23.72), p<0.00001, I2=97%). Similarly, the superiority of PGD over the control groups was also found in the improvement of hyperprolactinaemia-related symptoms. No difference was found in the improvement of psychiatric symptoms assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (n=403, WMD: −0.62 (95% CI −2.38 to 1.15), p=0.49, I2=0%). There were similar rates of all-cause discontinuation (n=330, RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.37), p=0.71, I2=0%) and adverse drug reactions between the two groups. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, the level of evidence of primary and secondary outcomes ranged from ‘very low’ (14.3%), ‘low’ (42.8%), ‘moderate’ (14.3%), to ‘high’ (28.6%).ConclusionsCurrent evidence supports the adjunctive use of PGD to suppress elevated prolactin and improve prolactin-induced symptoms without significant adverse events in adult patients with AP-induced hyperprolactinaemia. High-quality RCTs with longer duration are needed to confirm these findings.Trial registration number42016037017.
Impact of automated photo enforcement of vehicle speed in school zones: interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Quistberg D Alex , Thompson Leah L , Curtin James , Rivara Frederick P , Ebel Beth E 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveMeasure the impact of automated photo speed enforcement in school zones on motorist speed and speeding violation rates during school travel.MethodsAutomated enforcement cameras, active during school commuting hours, were installed around four elementary schools in Seattle, Washington, USA in 2012. We examined the effect of automated enforcement on motorist speeds and speed violation rates during the citation period (10 December 2012 to 15 January 2015) compared with the ‘warning’ period (1 November to 9 December 2012). We evaluated outcomes with an interrupted time series approach using multilevel mixed linear regression.ResultsMotorist speed violation rates decreased by nearly half in the citation period compared with the warning period (standardised incident rate ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.66). The hourly maximum violation speed and mean hourly speeds decreased 2.1 MPH (95% CI –2.88 to –1.39) and 1.1 MPH (95% CI –1.64 to – 0.60), respectively. The impact of automated enforcement was sustained during the second year of implementation.ConclusionAutomated photo enforcement of speed limit in school zones was effective at reducing motorist speed violations and also achieved a significant reduction in mean motorist speed.
Performance analysis of SiRe next-generation sequencing panel in diagnostic setting: focus on NSCLC routine samples
Authors: Pepe Francesco , De Luca Caterina , Smeraglio Riccardo , Pisapia Pasquale , Sgariglia Roberta , Nacchio Mariantonia , Russo Maria , Serra Nicola , Rocco Danilo , Battiloro Ciro , Ambrosio Francesca , Gragnano Gianluca , Vigliar Elena , Bellevicine Claudio , Troncone Giancarlo , Malapelle Umberto 
Published: October 2018

AimsFollowing the development for liquid biopsies of the SiRe next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel that covers 568 clinical relevant mutations inEGFR, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, cKITandPDGFRagenes, in this current study, we apply this small NGS panel on tissue samples of lung cancer.MethodsA total of 322 specimens were prospectively tested. Technical parameters were analysed on both cytological and histological samples. In a subset of 75 samples, theEGFRSiRe results were compared with those generated by the European Community (CE)–IVDEGFRassay on Idylla platform. Clinical outcomes of 11 patients treated, on the basis of SiRe results, were also evaluated.ResultsOnly 28 (8.7%) specimens failed to produce a library; out of the 294 remaining samples, a total of 168 somatic mutations were found. In nearly all instances (74/75–99%), theEGFRSiRe results were confirmed by Idylla. In general, SiRe analytical parameters were excellent. However, histological and cytological specimens differed in relation to average reads for sample, mean number of mapped reads, median read length and average reads for amplicon. Treatment outcome evaluation in 11 patients showed a partial response in 82 % (9/11) patients with a median progression-free survival of 340 days.ConclusionsThe small gene panel SiRe is a clinically relevant tool useful to widespread the adoption of NGS in predictive molecular pathology laboratories.
Lifetime risk of common neurological diseases in the elderly population
Authors: Licher Silvan , Darweesh Sirwan K L , Wolters Frank J , Fani Lana , Heshmatollah Alis , Mutlu Unal , Koudstaal Peter J , Heeringa Jan , Leening Maarten J G , Ikram M Kamran , Ikram M Arfan 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo quantify the burden of common neurological disease in older adults in terms of lifetime risks, including their co-occurrence and preventive potential, within a competing risk framework.MethodsWithin the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, we studied lifetime risk of dementia, stroke and parkinsonism between 1990 and 2016. Among 12 102 individuals (57.7% women) aged ≥45 years free from these diseases at baseline, we studied co-occurrence, and quantified the combined, and disease-specific remaining lifetime risk of these diseases at various ages for men and women separately. We also projected effects on lifetime risk of hypothetical preventive strategies that delay disease onset by 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively.ResultsDuring follow-up of up to 26 years (156 088 person-years of follow-up), 1489 individuals were diagnosed with dementia, 1285 with stroke and 263 with parkinsonism. Of these individuals, 438 (14.6%) were diagnosed with multiple diseases. Women were almost twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with both stroke and dementia during their lifetime. The lifetime risk for any of these diseases at age 45 was 48.2% (95% CI 47.1% to 51.5%) in women and 36.2% (35.1% to 39.3%) in men. This difference was driven by a higher risk of dementia as the first manifesting disease in women than in men (25.9% vs 13.7%; p<0.001), while this was similar for stroke (19.0%vs18.9% in men) and parkinsonism (3.3% vs 3.6% in men). Preventive strategies that delay disease onset with 1 to 3 years could theoretically reduce lifetime risk for developing any of these diseases by 20%–50%.ConclusionOne in two women and one in three men will develop dementia, stroke or parkinsonism during their life. These findings strengthen the call for prioritising the focus on preventive interventions at population level which could substantially reduce the burden of common neurological diseases in the ageing population.
Feasibility of cardiovascular disease risk assessments in rheumatology outpatient clinics: experiences from the nationwide NOCAR project
Authors: Ikdahl Eirik , Rollefstad Silvia , Wibetoe Grunde , Salberg Anne , Krøll Frode , Bergsmark Kjetil , Kvien Tore K , Olsen Inge C , Soldal Dag Magnar , Bakland Gunnstein , Lexberg Åse , Gjesdal Clara G , Gulseth Christian , Haugeberg Glenn , Semb Anne Grete 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe European League Against Rheumatism recommends implementing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessments for patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) into clinical practice. Our goal was to design a structured programme for CVD risk assessments to be implemented into routine rheumatology outpatient clinic visits.MethodsThe NOrwegian Collaboration on Atherosclerosis in patients with Rheumatic joint diseases (NOCAR) started in April 2014 as a quality assurance project including 11 Norwegian rheumatology clinics. CVD risk factors were recorded by adding lipids to routine laboratory tests, self-reporting of CVD risk factors and blood pressure measurements along with the clinical joint examination. The patients’ CVD risks, calculated by the European CVD risk equation SCORE, were evaluated by the rheumatologist. Patients with high or very high CVD risk were referred to their primary care physician for initiation of CVD preventive measures.ResultsData collection (autumn 2015) showed that five of the NOCAR centres had implemented CVD risk assessments. There were 8789 patients eligible for CVD risk evaluation (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 4483; ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 1663; psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 1928; unspecified and other forms of spondyloarthropathies (SpA), 715) of whom 41.4 % received a CVD risk assessment (RA, 44.7%; AS, 43.4%; PsA, 36.3%; SpA, 30.6%). Considerable differences existed in the proportions of patients receiving CVD risk evaluations across the NOCAR centres.ConclusionPatients with IJD represent a patient group with a high CVD burden that seldom undergoes CVD risk assessments. The NOCAR project lifted the offer of CVD risk evaluation to over 40% in this high-risk patient population.