bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Cut Throat Injury: A Review of 20 Cases
Authors: Parajuli Ramesh , Limbu Tilak Raj , Bhandari Ramesh , Thapa Suman , Tulachan Bishow 
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION: Cut throat injury is incised injury or incised resembling injury in the neck usually due to homicidal, suicidal or accidental cause. Multiple vital structures are vulnerable to get injured so it usually requires multi disciplinary approach. The objective of this study is to evaluate cut throat injury in terms of site, severity, cause, motivating factors, age and gender distribution of the victim and the surgical treatment method.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study was carried out by reviewing the chart, from May 2010 to April 2014. Demographics of the patients; cause and motivating factors; site, severity and the type of surgical treatment were recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS: There were a total of 20 patients, of which 14 were males and 6 were females. The most common age group affected was 20-40 years. Homicide was the commonest cause in 12 (60%) patients, followed by suicidal attempt in 6 (30%) and accidental injury in 2 (10%) patients. Interpersonal conflict and psychiatric illnesses were the most common motivating factors for the homicidal and suicidal cut throat injury respectively. Most of the patients had zone II injury. Primary repair was the most common surgical treatment method.
CONCLUSION: Young adults are more vulnerable to cut throat injury with majority having zone II injury and homicide being the most common cause. Primary repair is the most common surgical treatment method. Addressing the root cause of violence and identifying and treating the patients with psychiatric illness with suicidal tendency will probably reduce the incidence of cut throat injury in our society.
Use of laryngeal mask airway in paediatric external dacrocystorhinostomy surgery under anaesthesia: a retrospective study
Authors: Pathak Laxmi 
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION: Many recent studies have shown the use of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) in Adenotonsillectomy but not in Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery in paediatric age group. So, this study was carried out to evaluate the safety of LMA use in Pediatric External Dacryocystorhinostomy performed under General Anaesthesia.
MATERIAL AND METHOD:This retrospective study was carried out by collecting the data of 96 children with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 from Lumbini Eye Institute (Memorandum of Understanding with UCMS), Bhairahawa, Nepal from September 2008 to June 2014 to find out any significant cardio-respiratory complications associated with the use of LMA.
RESULTS: This study found no significant cardio-respiratory complications during insertion and after removal of LMA. Though airway obstruction and laryngospasm had occurred in few children, it was easily managed by bag and mask ventilation. Time taken to shift the patients from Operation Theatre to Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) was also less, average 13 minutes.
CONCLUSION: This study showed that LMA can safely be used in children undergoing External Dacryocystorhinostomy under general anesthesia with the use of intermittent suctioning and without any interruption in surgery.
Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in patients with bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Dubey Raju Kumar , Gautam Narayan , Dhakal Niraj , Baral Nirmal , Lamsal Madhab , Shyangwa Pramod M. 
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION: Brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative free radicals. Oxidative stress might primarily or secondarily be involved in the pathogenesis of Bipolar Affective Disorder. Therefore this study was aimed to estimate & compare parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder and healthy controls.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 32 Bipolar Affective Disorder patients and 30 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Plasma MDA level was measured as indicator of lipid peroxidation and SOD and CAT activities were determined as a measure of antioxidant status.
RESULT: Out of total Bipolar Affective Disorder patients 21 were in mania with psychotic symptoms, 8 were in mania without psychotic symptoms and only 3 were in mixed episode. Significantly (p<0.001) elevated MDA level (nmol/ml) was found in before treatment patient group (7.11 ± 1.62) as compared to control (3.02 ± 1.30) group. Patients on follow-up also had significantly increased MDA level (nmol/ml) (5.37 ± 1.36) as compared to control group and decrease in level was significant (p<0.001) in comparison to before treatment patients. CAT and SOD activities (U/gm Hb) were significantly decreased in both before treatment (87.57 ± 28.79 & 1341 ± 167.18) and after treatment (77.12 ± 29.48 & 1305.56 ± 154.86) patients group compared to the control (155.92 ± 29.43 & 1408.14 ± 78.82) group respectively. CAT and MDA were negatively correlated in the before treatment patients group (r = -0.356, p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that there is increased oxidative stress in Bipolar Affective Disorder patients in comparison to controls.
Refractive errors in type II diabetic patients
Authors: Shrestha Shristi , Kaini Khem Raj 
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. Refractive error in the diabetic population is considered a main cause of visual impairment. So this study was conducted to find out the pattern of refractive errors in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in Western Nepal.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Three hundred forty eyes of one hundred seventy patients with type II diabetes underwent comprehensive eye examination including subjective and objective refraction and serum biochemistry.
RESULTS: The mean refraction was -0.132±0.88 D. Emmetropia was seen in 49.7% of the patients, hypermetropia in 22.6%, myopia in 12.6%, and astigmatism in 15% of the patients. Older age groups had more hypermetropic refractive error (p<0.05). Female gender was a risk factor for hypermetropia (p=0.042). Good glycemic control was seen in 49.7%. There was statistically significant correlation between fasting blood sugar level and spherical equivalent refraction (p<0.05, r = -0.115).
CONCLUSION: The present hospital-based study noted a refractive error in 50.3% among diabetic population in Pokhara with hypermetropia being the most common type (22.6%) than myopia (12.6%) and astigmatism (15%).
Serum IgE levels and severity of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Basnet Binamra , Neupane Saraswoti , Shrestha Shristi 
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis is an itchy, chronic relapsing, inflammatory skin condition with typical flexural distribution. The eruption is frequently associated with other atopic conditions in the individual or other family members . It is associated with increased production of serum IgE levels. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether serum IgE levels correlate with the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) based on Three Item Severity (TIS) Score of AD.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a hospital based observational study carried out from June 2014 to January 2015. Eighty two atopic dermatitis patients aged ≤ 20 years were recruited from the OPD of Dermatology Department of Gandaki Medical College, and the AD severity was evaluated using TIS score (Three Item Severity score). Concentrations of serum total IgE were measured and compared with controls.
RESULTS: The mean age of our study group comprising of 82 patients was 9.03±5.6 years. The overall TIS score was 5.74±2.02.To find out the correlation between the disease severity and IgE level, one way ANOVA test was used. There was no statistical difference between the IgE levels of controls and the patients with mild disease but there was a significant correlation between severity of disease (between mild, moderate and severe AD) and the levels of serum IgE. (P<0.05)
CONCLUSION: Serum IgE is an useful indicator for predicting severity of atopic dermatitis in young patients.
Factors associated with induced abortion among women attending Marie Stopes Clinics in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Thapa Nilu , Maharjan Sajana 
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION: Though abortion has been legalized in Nepal from September 2002 but it is still a highly stigmatized issue with lots of prevailing misconceptions in the community. In this scenario also each year one lakh abortion are done in Nepal and the number of women seeking abortion services is in increasing trend. Therefore, it is very important to know the reasons behind seeking abortion services by Nepalese women. The overall objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with induced abortion among women attending at Marie Stopes Clinics of Kathmandu Valley.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of two weeks in the Marie Stopes's clinics of Gongabu and Kupondole sites of Kathmandu among 85 purposively selected women. Face-to-face interview was done by using the semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by using simple descriptive statistics like percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviations and presented in the forms of tables and narratives.
RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents with standard deviation was 25.5±5.571 years. Around 88 % of the respondents were literate. Majority (91.8%) were married. Around 75 % of the respondents cited, having enough children and wanting no more child now as the main reason behind having abortion. The decision of undergoing abortion was taken by both partners in 89.4% of the respondents. Exactly 62.4% of the respondents were not aware about the possible effects of abortion. Almost 32% of the respondents had the history of previous abortion. Almost 90 % of the respondents had desired to use contraceptive after abortion. Condoms, pills and Depo-Provera were preferred by 41.3%, 22.7% and 13.3% of the respondents for use after undergoing abortion respectively.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from the study that the major reasons behind undergoing abortion were to limit the number of children and desire to postpone the children. About one-third of women have the history of previous abortion and similar proportion has done abortion two to three times. Therefore, this study suggests that long acting FP methods and sterilization services should be made accessible to women so that they could prevent unwanted pregnancy. Also there is need of strengthening counseling services for contraceptive use to women coming for abortion repeatedly.
Incidence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease associated with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tandukar Sudarshan , Joshi Ansu Mali 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease is a growing problem with a reportedly increasing prevalence in type 2 diabetes patients. Despite this, study on the prevalence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease in Nepalese patients with type 2 diabetes is not available. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease in Nepalese patients with type 2 diabetes.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of three months in patients with type 2 diabetes. A structured questionnaire “Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG)” was used for the evaluation of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease in a total of Ninety Six (96) patients.
RESULTS: The incidence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease was observed in 22% of the patients with type 2 diabetes. The mean FSSG score in patients with Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease was 15.2 ± 9.3.
CONCLUSION: Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease is a common phenomenon in type 2 diabetes. Effective treatment along with proper glycemic control is essential so as to promote the Quality of Life of individuals.
Eosinophilic myocarditis: response to corticosteroids
Authors: Simkhada Rabindra , Khatri Prabin , Badu Muna 
Published: May 2019

Eosinophilia is seen in several of the clinical condition and it affects different system of human body. Eosinophils can infiltrate in heart and causes range of cardiac abnormalities. Heart involvement usually occurs when eosinophil count exceeds 1.5×109/L for at least 6 months. Eosinophilic myocarditis is a rare condition. Few cases have been reported and most of them are from western community. The disease is potentially fatal and mortality is high if not recognized on time. Studies have shown various responses to treatment with corticosteroid and other standard heart failure measures.
We present a 35 year male that came with complains of shortness of breath and fatigability. He was diagnosed as esoniphilic myocarditis and treated with corticosteroid and other heart failure measures. The patient showed excellent response to therapy. He became entirely asymptomatic and his cardiac function (ejection fraction) became normal during follow up at 60 days.
Pelatihan Penggunaan E-learning Berbasis Media Sosial Edmodo bagi Guru SD Negeri Mulyorejo I Surabaya
Authors: Hatip Ahmad , Sucipto Sucipto , Setiawan Windi 
Published: May 2019

Berdasarkan uraian analisis situasi mitra/masyarakat binaan, kegiatan abdimas yang akan dilakukan adalah pelatihan penggunaan e-learning berbasis media sosial Edmodo bagi guru SD Negeri Mulyorejo I Surabaya. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan mengenai bagaimana pembelajaran dengan pendekatan e-learning yang baik. Secara substantif, kegiatan abdimas tersebut memiliki relevansi dengan tujuan abdimas dosen Universitas Dr. Soetomo tahun 2018. Dengan kata lain, ada relevansi antara kebutuhan peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat di lingkungan Universitas Dr. Soetomo dengan sumber daya bidang keilmuan yang dimiliki oleh tim abdimas. Pilihan atas jenis kegiatan abdimas seperti ini menggambarkan semangat pengabdian masyarakat Universitas Dr. Soetomo yang ingin berkontribusi secara aktif dalam kegiatan program peningkatan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (HDI) Indonesia secara berkelanjutan dengan cakupan seluruh wilayah di Indonesia. Salah satu target yang ingin dicapai adalah terjadinya perubahan sikap dan peningkatan keterampilan masyarakat mitra sehingga guru-guru SD Negeri Mulyorejo I Surabaya bisa menggunakan fitur-fitur pada media sosial Edmodo dalam memperoleh informasi, mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan, dan berinteraksi dengan guru dan siswa didiknya. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan metode ceramah, pemutaran slide dan video, tanya jawab, dialog interaktif, curah pendapat, dan praktik kerja. Kegiatan abdimas secara keseluruhan dilaksanakan dalam rentang waktu 6 bulan (April–September 2018), mulai dari tahap perencanaan, persiapan, hingga pelaksanaan. Hasil abdimas dapat diketahui dari hasil evaluasi proses, produk, dan respon peserta terhadap pelaksanaan pelatihan yang dikumpulkan melalui angket kepuasan. Dalam proses pelaksanaan pelatihan, pada umumnya mitra memiliki kemauan dan minat yang besar untuk mengikuti pelatihan.
Aquisição da linguagem e composicionalidade aspectual
Authors: De Castro Gisely Gonçalves , Hermont Arabie Bezri 
Published: May 2019

Este artigo examina a relação entre o aspecto gramatical e o aspecto semântico no processo de aquisição da linguagem a partir da proposta da composicionalidade aspectual de Verkuyl (2005). A hipótese formulada para explicar o padrão de correlação averiguado foi a de que ele resulta de uma interpretação composicional do aspecto. Os resultados alcançados foram os seguintes: (i) os verbos [-ADDTO] tiveram marcação imperfectiva; (ii) os verbos [+ADDTO] tiveram marcação perfectiva; (iii) os SVs [+ADDTO, -SQA] tenderam à marcação imperfectiva; e (iv) os SVs [+ADDTO, +SQA] tiveram marcação perfectiva. Os padrões encontrados nos dados indicam uma interpretação composicional do aspecto. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a19778
Linguagem e teoria da mente de segunda ordem: investigando estados mentais e cognição social
Authors: Figueiredo Thuany 
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho trata da relação entre linguagem e Teoria da Mente de segunda ordem. Investigamos a hipótese da centralidade da linguagem para uma Teoria da Mente de segunda ordem. Os objetivos principais foram: (i) avançar na caracterização de um estado mental de segunda ordem; (ii) analisar a interface entre os dois domínios cognitivos. Testamos crianças em período de aquisição de linguagem, de 4 a 7 anos de idade, falantes do português brasileiro. Os resultados aqui reportados acompanham aqueles que têm sido obtidos por pesquisas com o PB e com outras línguas para o nível de segunda ordem. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a21298
Aquisição da linguagem e variação linguística em diálogo: investigando a produção e a compreensão da flexão verbal de terceira pessoa do plural no PB
Authors: Molina Daniele , Marcilese Mercedes , Name Cristina 
Published: May 2019

Neste artigo, investigamos a produção e a compreensão da flexão verbal de terceira pessoa do plural por crianças adquirindo o português brasileiro (PB), levando em consideração que a informação morfofonológica de número apresenta-se variável na língua. Dados longitudinais de produção espontânea apontam para a alternância entre marcação redundante e não redundante no verbo e para a influência de fatores extralinguísticos, como classe socioeconômica e procedência geográfica. Dados experimentais obtidos em tarefa de compreensão sugerem o mapeamento da informação gramatical de plural ao conceito de pluralidade e o desenvolvimento no desempenho das crianças em função das faixas etárias testadas. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a21334
Aquisição de estruturas possessivas: posse inalienável e quantificadores no português brasileiro
Authors: Mendes Fernanda 
Published: May 2019

Aprofundou-se a análise sintático-semântica de estruturas possessivas inalienáveis apresentada em Mendes (2015), observando, em dados de aquisição do português brasileiro, o seu comportamento em estruturas quantificadas por todo(a), todos(as) os(as) e cada, já que parece haver uma distribuição complementar entre as interpretações disponíveis relativas à combinação entre os quantificadores que encabeçam o sintagma possuidor e os elementos que acompanham o sintagma possuído. De acordo com Lopes (2014) e Algave (2009), estruturas possessivas inalienáveis quantificadas apresentariam, na presença do determinante definido, uma preferência pela interpretação distributiva atrelada a uma leitura inalienável e, na presença do pronome possessivo, uma interpretação variante. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a21402
O desenvolvimento silábico do português por crianças gêmeas: o sistema fonológico como um sistema complexo
Authors: Baia Maria de Fátima De Almeida , Mattos Vanessa Cordeiro de Souza , Aguiar Jéssica Caroline Sousa 
Published: May 2019

Neste estudo, investigamos o desenvolvimento da estrutura silábica de duas crianças gêmeas dizigóticas na idade de 1 a 2 anos de idade. Após análise dos dados, notamos variabilidade entre as produções silábicas das duas crianças. Todavia, como a nossa análise mostra, as diferenças encontradas no percurso de desenvolvimento silábico foram aparentes. Dessa maneira, ao contrário da literatura sobre desenvolvimento fonológico de gêmeos (DODD e McEVOY, 1994; MAGFORD-BEVAN, 2000; SMITH, 2011) nossos resultados não sustentam a afirmação de que a fala de gêmeos apresentaria “atraso fonológico”. De acordo com a perspectiva da Complexidade, interpretamos a variabilidade encontrada nos dados das duas crianças como esperada e característica do desenvolvimento linguístico, o que tem sido reportado por estudos de desenvolvimento de gêmeos (CHAN; LOWIE; De BOT, 2014) e não-gêmeos (SZREDER, 2012; BAIA, 2013). ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a21415
A aprendizagem distribucional no português brasileiro: um estudo computacional
Authors: Faria Pablo Picasso Feliciano de , Ohashi Giulia Osaka 
Published: May 2019

Neste artigo, tratamos do problema da aprendizagem de categorias de palavras durante o processo de aquisição. Nossa abordagem é computacional: construímos um modelo baseado em Redington et al. (1998) para investigar a informatividade da informação distribucional para a categorização de palavras. Os dados fornecidos ao aprendiz vêm de dois corpora de fala dirigida à criança em português brasileiro. Especifi camente, os experimentos apresentados aqui avaliam a informatividade de várias janelas contextuais relativas a uma dada palavra-alvo, isto é, quais contextos são mais ou menos informativos sobre a categoria de uma palavra. Nossos resultados mostram que contextos locais são altamente informativos e que a informação distribucional é útil como fonte de informação categorial. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a21419
A aquisição da morfologia verbal no PB e a categoria de aspecto
Authors: Araujo Thais Da Silveira Neves 
Published: May 2019

O objetivo do estudo é investigar os valores aspectuais e temporais relacionados aos morfemas flexionais usados em etapas iniciais de aquisição do português brasileiro (PB) como L1. Pretende-se, assim, contribuir para os estudos sobre a arquitetura da Faculdade da Linguagem, especificamente, sobre as relações de dominância entre Tempo e Aspecto. Para isso, a hipótese considerada foi a Hipótese da Primazia do Aspecto, segundo a qual, ao utilizar determinado morfema flexional nas etapas iniciais de aquisição, a criança veicula traços do aspecto semântico. A fim de acompanhar o processo de aquisição, foi utilizado no presente estudo um corpus de natureza longitudinal. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a22620
"Look up!" Using easy words to explain how we learn hard words and other aspects of language, an interview with Lila Gleitman
Authors: Gomes Victor , Carvalho Alex De 
Published: May 2019

Lila Gleitman is undoubtedly one of the world’s foremost experts on language acquisition and developmental psycholinguistics. Starting in the 60s, she rose to prominence by bringing experimental methods from psychology to bear on the questions raised by linguistics and philosophers of language, namely how children could learn the rules of a language when there is so much ambiguity both in the language and in the world surrounding them. She has done much work in this vein, focusing both on how children learn words that refer to abstract concepts such as think or believe, as well as how they acquire concepts when they lack certain inputs, such as in the case of blind or deaf children. Though her contributions and collaborations span many questions and problems in language acquisition, she is perhaps best known for proposing and showing that, from an early age, children are capable of using syntactic cues to learn the meaning of words, particularly verbs (especially those she describes as “hard words” because they are difficult or impossible to observe, like think). Through this process, termed syntactic bootstrapping, young children would be able rely on the linguistic context in which the words appear to discover aspects of the meanings of words that they don’t know yet (e.g., Landau & Gleitman, 1985; Gleitman, 1990; Gleitman, Cassidy, Nappa, Papafragou, & Trueswell, 2005). More specifically, Lila and her collaborators proposed that syntax could serve as a “zoom lens” allowing language learners to figure out which part of the world is being talked about, which would then help them identify candidate meanings for novel words (e.g., Fisher, Hall, Rakowitz, & Gleitman, 1994). ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a22643
The impact of early bilingualism on the face recognition processes, escrito por Sonia Kandel et al.
Authors: De Andrade Isadora Rodrigues 
Published: May 2019

Resenha deKANDEL, Sonia; BURFIN, Sabine; MÉARY, David; RUIZ-TADA, Elisa; COSTA, Albert; PASCALIS, Olivier. The Impact of Early Bilingualism on Face Recognition Processes. Front Psychol. 2016; 7: 1080. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01080. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2018.v14n3a23005