bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progrès et défis pour trois réformes majeures dans le système de santé chinois
Authors: Mathonnat Jacky , Audibert Martine , Huangfu Xiezhe , Ma Anning , Petitfour Laurène 
Published: December 2018

Depuis le début des années 2000 la Chine s’est engagée dans une réforme ambitieuse et complexe de son système de santé. Cet article examine trois éléments clés du processus de réforme : la réforme du secteur hospitalier et de l’assurance maladie en zone rurale, et la refondation du système de prix des médicaments prescrits dans les hôpitaux. À partir d’études de cas réalisées dans la province du Shandong, il met en évidence certains effets très positifs des réformes, et pourquoi elles se sont traduites par une érosion de l’efficience dans les hôpitaux de premier niveau.
La crise économique et financière de 2008 et l’aide à la santé : les effets de la crise sur la mobilisation des bailleurs
Authors: Barry Mamadou , Yaya Sanni 
Published: December 2018

La crise économique et financière entamée en 2008 s’est accompagnée d’une inquiétude grandissante des acteurs de la santé dans les pays en développement : l’aide à la santé allait-t-elle baisser ? Cet article, basé sur une analyse des flux d’aide à la santé fournie par les membres du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD), montre que la crise économique et financière n’a pas conduit à une baisse des engagements des bailleurs. En particulier, le niveau d’engagement des pays du CAD en matière d’aide à la santé est resté globalement supérieur à celui de 2007, une année avant la crise. La répartition entre secteurs est, elle aussi, restée quasiment stable depuis 2007. Toutefois, l’article montre un essoufflement de l’aide.
Migrations, transferts de fonds et impacts socio-économiques : le cas des îles Comores
Authors: Katibou Abdou 
Published: December 2018

Depuis les milieux des années 1980, les migrations comoriennes se sont intensifiées. Elles sont unidirectionnelles et se dirigent spécialement vers la France. En 2004, la Banque mondiale a estimé qu’entre 85 000 et 150 000 Comoriens résident en France métropolitaine. Ces migrants transfèrent une partie importante de leur revenu vers leur pays d’origine. Cet article se propose d’analyser ces mouvements migratoires, les transferts de fonds qui en découlent, ainsi que leurs conséquences économiques et sociales aux Comores.
Building a better Psylloidea (Hemiptera) trap? A field-look at a prototype trap constructed using three-dimensional printer technology
Authors: Horton David R. , Miliczky Eugene R. , Lewis Tamera M. , Wohleb Carrie H. , Waters Timothy D. , Dickens Anthony A. , Halbert Susan E. , Ramadugu Chandrika , Jensen Andrew S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn insect trap constructed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was tested in potato (Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus; Solanaceae) fields to determine whether it could substitute for the standard yellow sticky card used to monitor Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae). Sticky cards have shortcomings that prompted search for a replacement: cards are messy, require weekly replacement, are expensive to purchase, and accumulate large numbers of nontarget insects. Bactericera cockerelli on sticky cards also deteriorate enough that specimens cannot be tested reliably for the presence of vectored plant pathogens. A prototype trap constructed using 3D printing technology for monitoring Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) was tested for monitoring B. cockerelli. The trap was designed to attract B. cockerelli visually to the trap and then funnel specimens into preservative-filled vials at the trap bottom. Prototype traps were paired against yellow sticky cards at multiple fields to compare the captures of B. cockerelli between cards and traps. The prototype trap was competitive with sticky cards early in the growing season when B. cockerelli numbers were low. We estimated that two or three prototype traps would collect as many B. cockerelli as one sticky card under these conditions. Efficacy of the prototype declined as B. cockerelli numbers increased seasonally. The prototype trap accumulated nontarget taxa that are common on sticky cards (especially Thysanoptera and Diptera), and was also found to capture taxa of possible interest in integrated pest management research, including predatory insects, parasitic Hymenoptera, and winged Aphididae (Hemiptera), suggesting that the traps could be useful outside of the purpose targeted here. We believe that 3D printing technology has substantial promise for developing monitoring tools that exploit behavioural traits of the targeted insect. Ongoing work includes the use of this technology to modify the prototype, with a focus on making it more effective at capturing psyllids and less susceptible to capture of nontarget species.
What is Rhythmanalysis?
Authors: Lyon Dawn 
Published: December 2018

In recent years, there has been growing interest in Henri Lefebvre�s posthumously published volume, Rhythmanalysis. For Lefebvre and more recent scholars, rhythmanalysis is a research strategy which offers a means of thinking space and time together in the study of everyday life, and this remains its strength and appeal.
What is Rhythmanalysis? addresses the task of how to do rhythmanalysis. It discusses the history and development of rhythmanalysis from Lefebvre to the present day in a range of fields including cultural history and studies of place, work and nature. For Lefebvre, it is necessary to be �grasped by� a rhythm at a bodily level in order to grasp it. And yet we also need critical distance to fully understand it. Rhythmanalysis is therefore both corporeal and conceptual. This book considers how the body is directly deployed as a research tool in rhythmanalytical research as well as how audio-visual methods can get at rhythm beyond the capacity of the senses to perceive it. In particular, the book includes detailed discussion of research on different forms of mobility � from driving to dancing � and on the social life of markets � from finance to fish.
Dawn Lyon highlights the gains, limitations and lively potential of rhythmanalysis for spatially, temporally and sensually attuned practices of research. This engaging text will be of interest to students and researchers in sociology, criminology, socio-legal studies, geography, urban studies, architecture, anthropology, economics and cultural studies
Orbital Poetics
Authors: Leonard Philip 
Published: December 2018

What do we mean when we talk of ‘world’ literature? What does a global, even a planetary view reveal to us about literature, culture and being?
In Orbital Poetics Philip Leonard explores conceptions of the world through the history of writing, theory and culture from an orbital perspective. Starting with literary and theoretical writing on satellites, orbit and terrestrial ground from the ancient world to the 21st century, the book casts a revealing new light on what it means to consider literature and culture on a global scale. Along the way, Leonard draws on a wide range of thinkers, writers and texts: from Dante and Goethe to contemporary electronic literature; Haruki Murakami and Tom McCarthy by way of philosophers and theorists including Agamben, Derrida and Heidegger; as well as astronaut photography and popular culture texts, such as novels by Buzz Aldrin and Tess Gerritsen and Alfonso Cuarón’s film Gravity.
Turbulence measurements suggest high rates of new production over the shelf edge in the northeastern North Sea during summer
Authors: Bendtsen Jørgen , Richardson Katherine 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. New production, i.e. that driven by allochthonous nutrient inputs, is the
only form of primary production that can lead to net increases in organic
material and is, therefore, important for understanding energy flow in marine
ecosystems. The spatial distribution of new production is generally, however,
not well known. Using data collected in July 2016, we analyse the potential
for vertical mixing to support new production in the upper layers of the
northeastern portion of the North Sea. Relatively large (up to >0.5 mmol N m−2 d−1) nitrate fluxes due to turbulent vertical
mixing into the euphotic zone were found at some stations over the shelf
edge, while low values (< 0.1 mmol N m−2 d−1) were found in
the deeper open area north of the shelf edge. The low vertical mixing rates
(dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy below 10−8 W kg−1,
corresponding to vertical turbulent diffusion coefficients of
10−6–10−5 m2 s−1) implied f
ratios of <0.02 in the open waters
north of the shelf edge. In the shallow (<50 m) southern and central part
of the study area, inorganic nutrients were low and nitrate undetectable,
suggesting negligible new production here, despite relatively high
concentrations of chlorophyll a being found in the bottom layer. Thus, high
rates of new production seem to be concentrated around the shelf-edge zone
and in association with localized features exhibiting enhanced vertical
mixing. We find that the nutricline depth is significantly deeper at the
shelf edge and interference with increased mixing in this deeper depth range
can explain the increased diapycnal nitrate fluxes. Overall, this suggests
that the shelf-edge zone may be the major nutrient supplier to the euphotic
zone in this area during the period of summer stratification.
Contiguous United States wildland fire emission estimates during 2003–2015
Authors: Urbanski Shawn P. , Reeves Matt C. , Corley Rachel E. , Silverstein Robin P. , Hao Wei Min 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Wildfires are a major source of air pollutants in the United States. Wildfire
smoke can trigger severe pollution episodes with substantial impacts on
public health. In addition to acute episodes, wildfires can have a marginal
effect on air quality at significant distances from the source, presenting
significant challenges to air regulators' efforts to meet National Ambient
Air Quality Standards. Improved emission estimates are needed to quantify the
contribution of wildfires to air pollution and thereby inform decision-making
activities related to the control and regulation of anthropogenic air
pollution sources. To address the need of air regulators and land managers for improved wildfire
emission estimates, we developed the Missoula Fire Lab Emission Inventory
(MFLEI), a retrospective, daily wildfire emission inventory for the
contiguous United States (CONUS). MFLEI was produced using multiple datasets
of fire activity and burned area, a newly developed wildland fuels map and an
updated emission factor database. Daily burned area is based on a combination
of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) data, Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area and active fire detection
products, incident fire perimeters, and a spatial wildfire occurrence
database. The fuel type classification map is a merger of a national forest
type map, produced by the USDA Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and
Analysis (FIA) program and the Geospatial Technology and Applications Center
(GTAC), with a shrub and grassland vegetation map developed by the USFS
Missoula Forestry Sciences Laboratory. Forest fuel loading is from a fuel
classification developed from a large set (> 26 000 sites) of FIA surface
fuel measurements. Herbaceous fuel loading is estimated using site-specific
parameters with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from MODIS. Shrub
fuel loading is quantified by applying numerous allometric equations linking
stand structure and composition to biomass and fuels, with the structure and
composition data derived from geospatial data layers of the LANDFIRE project.
MFLEI provides estimates of CONUS daily wildfire burned area, fuel
consumption, and pollutant emissions at a 250 m × 250 m resolution
for 2003–2015. A spatially aggregated emission product
(10 km × 10 km, 1 day) with uncertainty estimates is included to
provide a representation of emission uncertainties at a spatial scale
pertinent to air quality modeling. MFLEI will be updated, with recent years,
as the MTBS burned area product becomes available. The data associated with
this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0039 (Urbanski et al., 2017).
Hydrogeochemical controls on brook trout spawning habitats in a coastal stream
Authors: Briggs Martin A. , Harvey Judson W. , Hurley Stephen T. , Rosenberry Donald O. , McCobb Timothy , Werkema Dale , Lane Jr. John W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) spawn in fall and
overwintering egg development can benefit from stable, relatively warm
temperatures in groundwater-seepage zones. However, eggs are also sensitive
to dissolved oxygen concentration, which may be reduced in discharging
groundwater (i.e., seepage). We investigated a 2 km reach of the coastal
Quashnet River in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, to relate preferred fish
spawning habitats to geology, geomorphology, and discharging groundwater
geochemistry. Thermal reconnaissance methods were used to locate zones of
rapid groundwater discharge, which were predominantly found along the central
channel of a wider stream valley section. Pore-water chemistry and temporal
vertical groundwater flux were measured at a subset of these zones during
field campaigns over several seasons. Seepage zones in open-valley
sub-reaches generally showed suboxic conditions and higher dissolved solutes
compared to the underlying glacial outwash aquifer. These discharge zones
were cross-referenced with preferred brook trout redds and evaluated during
10 years of observation, all of which were associated with discrete alcove
features in steep cutbanks, where stream meander bends intersect the glacial
valley walls. Seepage in these repeat spawning zones was generally stronger
and more variable than in open-valley sites, with higher dissolved oxygen and
reduced solute concentrations. The combined evidence indicates that regional
groundwater discharge along the broader valley bottom is predominantly
suboxic due to the influence of near-stream organic deposits; trout show no
obvious preference for these zones when spawning. However, the meander bends
that cut into sandy deposits near the valley walls generate strong oxic
seepage zones that are utilized routinely for redd construction and the
overwintering of trout eggs. Stable water isotopic data support the
conclusion that repeat spawning zones are located directly on preferential
discharges of more localized groundwater. In similar coastal systems with
extensive valley peat deposits, the specific use of groundwater-discharge points
by brook trout may be limited to morphologies such as cutbanks, where
groundwater flow paths do not encounter substantial buried organic material
and remain oxygen-rich.
Using paleoclimate reconstructions to analyse hydrological epochs associated with Pacific decadal variability
Authors: Zhang Lanying , Kuczera George , Kiem Anthony S. , Willgoose Garry 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The duration of dry or wet hydrological epochs (run lengths) associated with
positive or negative Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) or Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phases, termed Pacific decadal variability (PDV), is an
essential statistical property for understanding, assessing and managing
hydroclimatic risk. Numerous IPO and PDO paleoclimate reconstructions provide
a valuable opportunity to study the statistical signatures of PDV, including
run lengths. However, disparities exist between these reconstructions, making
it problematic to determine which reconstruction(s) to use to investigate
pre-instrumental PDV and run length. Variability and persistence on
centennial scales are also present in some millennium-long reconstructions,
making consistent run length extraction difficult. Thus, a robust method to
extract meaningful and consistent run lengths from multiple reconstructions
is required. In this study, a dynamic threshold framework to account for
centennial trends in PDV reconstructions is proposed. The dynamic threshold
framework is shown to extract meaningful run length information from multiple
reconstructions. Two hydrologically important aspects of the statistical
signatures associated with the PDV are explored: (i) whether persistence
(i.e. run lengths) during positive epochs is different to persistence during
negative epochs and (ii) whether the reconstructed run lengths have been
stationary during the past millennium. Results suggest that there is no
significant difference between run lengths in positive and negative phases of
PDV and that it is more likely than not that the PDV run length has been
non-stationary in the past millennium. This raises concerns about whether
variability seen in the instrumental record (the last ∼100 years), or
even in the shorter 300–400-year paleoclimate reconstructions, is
representative of the full range of variability.
Redressing the balance: quantifying net intercatchment groundwater flows
Authors: Bouaziz Laurène , Weerts Albrecht , Schellekens Jaap , Sprokkereef Eric , Stam Jasper , Savenije Hubert , Hrachowitz Markus 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Intercatchment groundwater flows (IGFs), defined as groundwater flows across topographic divides, can occur as regional groundwater flows that bypass headwater streams and only drain into the channel further downstream or directly to the sea. However, groundwater flows can also be diverted to adjacent river basins due to geological features (e.g., faults, dipping beds and highly permeable conduits). Even though intercatchment groundwater flows can be a significant part of the water balance, they are often not considered in hydrological studies. Yet, assuming this process to be negligible may introduce misrepresentation of the natural system in hydrological models, for example in regions with complex geological features. The presence of limestone formations in France and Belgium potentially further exacerbates the importance of intercatchment groundwater flows, and thus brings into question the validity of neglecting intercatchment groundwater flows in the Meuse basin. To isolate and quantify the potential relevance of net intercatchment groundwater flows in this study, we propose a three-step approach that relies on the comparison and analysis of (1) observed water balance data within the Budyko framework, (2) results from a suite of different conceptual hydrological models and (3) remote-sensing-based estimates of actual evaporation. The data of 58 catchments in the Meuse basin provide evidence of the likely presence of significant net intercatchment groundwater flows occurring mainly in small headwater catchments underlain by fractured aquifers. The data suggest that the relative importance of net intercatchment groundwater flows is reduced at the scale of the Meuse basin, as regional groundwater flows are mostly expected to be self-contained in large basins. The analysis further suggests that net intercatchment groundwater flow processes vary over the year and that at the scale of the headwaters, net intercatchment groundwater flows can make up a relatively large proportion of the water balance (on average 10 % of mean annual precipitation) and should be accounted for to prevent overestimating actual evaporation rates.
Indirect seismic economic loss assessment and recovery evaluation using nighttime light images – application for Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Wang Jianfei , Zhang Jingfa , Gong Lixia , Li Qiang , Zhou Dan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Indirect seismic economic loss not only impacts regional economic recovery
policies but is also related to economic assistance at the national level.
Due to cross-regional economic activities and the difficulty of obtaining
data, it is difficult for the indirect economic loss survey to cover all
economic activities. However, nighttime light in an area can reflect the
economic activity of the region. This article focuses on the indirect
economic losses caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and evaluation of the
progress of restoration and reconstruction based on nighttime light images.
First, the functional relationship between GDP and nighttime light
parameters is established based on pre-earthquake data. Next, the
indirect loss of the earthquake is evaluated by the nighttime light
attenuation in the disaster area after the earthquake. Then, the capacity
recovery, which is characterized by the brightness recovery process of the
light area, is evaluated. Lastly, the process of light expansion in the
disaster area is analyzed to evaluate the speed and efficiency of economic expansion.
Myrmekite and strain weakening in granitoid mylonites
Authors: Ceccato Alberto , Menegon Luca , Pennacchioni Giorgio , Morales Luiz Fernando Grafulha 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. At mid-crustal conditions, deformation of feldspar is mainly accommodated by a combination of fracturing, dissolution–precipitation, and reaction-weakening mechanisms. In particular, K-feldspar is reaction-weakened by the formation of strain-induced myrmekite – a fine-grained symplectite of plagioclase and quartz. Here we use electron backscattered diffraction to (i) investigate the microstructure of a granodiorite mylonite, developed at  ∼ 450 °C during cooling of the Rieserferner pluton (Eastern Alps); and (ii) assess the microstructural processes and the weakening associated with myrmekite development. Our analysis shows that the crystallographic orientation of plagioclase in pristine myrmekite was controlled by that of the replaced K-feldspar. Myrmekite nucleation resulted in both grain-size reduction and anti-clustered phase mixing by heterogeneous nucleation of quartz and plagioclase. The fine grain size of sheared myrmekite promoted grain-size-sensitive creep mechanisms including fluid-assisted grain boundary sliding in plagioclase, coupled with heterogeneous nucleation of quartz within creep cavitation pores. Flow laws, calculated for monomineralic quartz, feldspar, and quartz + plagioclase aggregates (sheared myrmekite) during deformation at 450 °C, show that grain-size-sensitive creep in sheared myrmekite accommodated strain rates several orders of magnitude higher than monomineralic quartz layers deforming by dislocation creep. Therefore, diffusion creep and grain-size-sensitive processes contributed significantly to bulk rock weakening during mylonitization. Our results have implications for modelling the rheology of the felsic middle crust.
Reading the Genotext in Harryette Mullen’s Muse & Drudge: “Sapphire’s lyre styles…”
Authors: Scott William 
Published: December 2018

In her early work on Modernist poetry and avant-garde poetics, Julia Kristeva proposed a bifurcated view of the poetic text as simultaneously constituted by both a “genotext” and a “phenotext.” Reading the “genotext” of any given poem might start by “pointing out the transfers of drive energy that can be detected in phonematic devices (such as the accumulation and repetition of phonemes or rhyme) and melodic devices (such as intonation or rhythm)”; and, in her words, it would also need to take into consideration “the way semantic and categorial fields are set out in syntactic and logical features.” This essay seeks to demonstrate how Harryette Mullen’s Muse & Drudge might be analyzed at the level of its genotext, taking (arbitrarily) as its primary example the first of the book’s eighty poems to illustrate how a straightforwardly genotextual analysis might proceed. The essay contends that, by closely observing the genotext of Mullen’s poetry in Muse & Drudge, one may eventually arrive at a more comprehensive understanding of the “polyvocal” and “polymorphous” nature of the language and poetic design of the poems in this enigmatic collection.