bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Constitutions in the Developing World
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A constitution is not purely a legal document. Neither is it only a political manifesto. It is also an economic charter which expresses a country’s economic hopes and aspirations, and regulates economic activities of constitutional stakeholders. This paper adumbrates a framework to understand the economic constitutions in the developing world. It explores the direct concept of an economic constitution, which refers to a constitution deriving from an overarching economic rationale, created or reformed through a process operating as a platform for different sectors of the society to deliberate economic questions, and consequently addressing national economic identity, principles, rights, and structural institutions in its substantive contents. Economic constitutions have two main functions: expressive and regulative. The tentative explanatory factors that may account for similarities and differences in the economic constitutions in developing countries include: the pre-existing economic conditions, the institutional setting, the national ideology, and the impact of globalization. The findings of this study offer systematic implications for the study of developing countries actively pursuing constitutional and economic development.
Permanent Establishment for Investors in Private Equity Funds—A Legal Analysis in Light of the Changes to the OECD Model (2017)
Authors: Schmidt Peter Koerver 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article analyzes whether the investment in a private equity fund may create a permanent establishment (PE) for foreign investors. The analysis is divided into two main parts, as the question of creating a PE for the foreign investors is considered with respect to both the main PE rule and the agency PE rule. The amendments to the PE definition prescribed in the OECD/G20 BEPS report on Action 7, and incorporated into the 2017 version of the OECD Model with Commentary, are taken into consideration. It is concluded that the final outcome depends on the specific setup of the private equity fund at hand and that some degree of uncertainty may often remain. Moreover, the recent amendments to the PE definition do not appear to have reduced this uncertainty—rather the contrary.
Suggested Modifications of the ASTM D2344-16 Short-Beam Shear Test Method to Be Applied to Fiber Metal Laminates
Authors: Kotik Hector G. , Ipiña Juan E. Perez 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
ASTM D2344/D2344M-16, Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials and Their Laminates, is used to test fiber-metal laminates (FMLs), although its scope is limited to high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. These two groups of materials have differences in their mechanical behavior, and it is possible that this standard cannot be employed in FMLs in its current status. To verify this, short-beam shear (SBS) tests were performed in aramid aluminum laminate (ARALL) 3 4/3 specimens employing two sets of rollers diameters. One set was in accordance with ASTM D2344/D2344M-16, whereas the other made use of smaller diameters. The options to stop the tests presented in the standard were not adequate for the ARALL specimens using the normalized rollers diameters. Modifications to the standard in order to include FML specimens are suggested as follows: to include a test rig with reduced roller diameters, to observe of delamination at one side of a specimen as a new option to stop the test, and to define the short-beam strengths (Fsbs) as that corresponding to the maximum load value observed previous to a total load drop-off of 30 %. The difference between the means of Fsbs obtained with both set of rollers was not significant when using these modifications.
Application of Replicas in the Measurement of the Wear of Forging Dies with Deep Hollows Using a Laser Scanner
Authors: Hawryluk Marek , Ziemba Jacek , Kuran Marek , Janik Marta 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the possibilities of using replicas of the geometry of the tool shaping the product in the process of hot precision forging for the control of geometrical characteristics, with the use of the three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technique. Two types of masses were selected for the studies and used to create replicas with similar parameters, with which a forging die with a deep working impression, applied in the process of forward extrusion, was filled. The obtained results demonstrated that, based on selected parameters characterizing the replicate masses and tests, it is possible to select the optimal mass for 3D scanning, due to the best mapping of the surface layer. With the proposed approach, it is possible to perform tests that do not damage forging dies with deep working impressions and to support the process by making decisions concerning the tools’ further operation through a reliable determination of their wear.
Subthreshold Fear Conditioning Produces a Rapidly Developing Neural Mechanism that Primes Subsequent Learning
Authors: Cole Kehinde E. , Lee Jessica , Davis Michael , Parsons Ryan G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLearning results in various forms of neuronal plasticity that provide a lasting representation of past events, and understanding the mechanisms supporting lasting memories has been a primary pursuit of the neurobiological study of memory. However, learning also alters the capacity for future learning, an observation that likely reflects its adaptive significance. In the laboratory, we can study this essential property of memory by assessing how prior experience alters the capacity for subsequent learning. Previous studies have indicated that while a single weak fear conditioning trial is insufficient to support long-term memory (LTM), it can facilitate future learning such that another trial delivered within a protracted time window results in a robust memory. Here, we sought to determine whether or not manipulating neural activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) during or after the initial learning trial would affect the ability of the initial trial to facilitate subsequent learning. Our results show that inhibiting the BLA in rats prior to the first trial prevented the ability of that trial to facilitate learning when a second trial was presented the next day. Inhibition of the BLA immediately after the first trial using DREADDs was not effective, nor was pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) or the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These findings indicate that the neural mechanisms that permit an initial subthreshold fear conditioning trial to alter later learning develop rapidly and do not appear to require a typical post-learning consolidation period.
Costa Rica sin Fronteras #19
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando 
Published: June 2019

En esta sección se publican los resúmenes en español de artículos que han sido publicados por investigadoras/es de universidades costarricenses en otras revistas en el mundo, con su debida referencia al trabajo original, y con una breve explicación de dónde se realizó la investigación. Los artículos originales han sido publicados en otros idiomas; las revistas tienen consejo editorial y manejan un proceso de revisión por pares.

Los resúmenes corresponden a estudios relacionados con las ciencias del ejercicio y la salud, que se conforman a los criterios generales de la revista, esto es, se trata de “... estudios experimentales o que hagan recomendaciones concretas para solucionar problemas o preguntas relevantes (...) trabajos originales o de meta-análisis.” Solicitamos a quienes hayan publicado este tipo de trabajos en otros idiomas que no los hagan saber, para incluir sus resúmenes en futuras entregas de esta sección.
All-Cause Mortality for Life Insurance Applicants with the Presence of Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Freitas Stephen A , MacKenzie Ross , Wylde David N , Von Bergen Jason , Holowaty J. Carl , Beckman Margaret , Rigatti Steven J , Zamarripa Daniel , Gill Stacy 
Published: June 2019

Objective.—To determine the all-cause mortality of life insurance applicants who have a bundle branch block.
Background.—Bundle branch block is an electrocardiographic pattern that has variable prognostic implications. Research studies have shown that both left and right bundle branch block are associated with increased mortality among cases that have heart disease. In the general population and life insurance applicant population, the prevalence of bundle branch block is relatively low, and its effects on long-term prognosis are not as well established.
Methodology.—Life insurance applicants with reported bundle branch block were extracted from data covering United States residents between October 2009 and October 2016. Information about these applicants was matched to the Social Security Death Master (SSDMF) file for deaths occurring from 2009 to 2012 and to another commercially available death source file (Other Death Source, ODS) for deaths occurring from 2009 to 2016 to determine vital status. Actual to expected (A/E) mortality ratios were calculated using the Society of Actuaries 2015 Valuation Basic Table (2015VBT), select and ultimate table (age last birthday). All expected bases were not smoker distinct. Confidence bands around these mortality ratios were calculated. The variables of interest were applicant age, gender, location of the bundle branch block, and the presence of cardiac or cardiovascular conditions.
Results.—There were 258,529.85 person-years exposure for applicants with bundle branch block. Of the applicants, 57.2% had right bundle branch block. Of person-years exposure, 11.5% had a cardiac condition along with the bundle branch block, and 4.4% had an underlying cardiovascular condition. Female mortality ratios were higher than those for males, but due to the low number of deaths, this difference was not significant. Left bundle branch block mortality ratios (1.01) were 1.4 times higher than those with right (0.74). Those applicants with a cardiac condition along with their bundle branch block had between 1.6 to 1.8 times the mortality ratio depending on the bundle branch block location, and those with a cardiovascular condition had between 1.5 to 1.7 times the mortality ratio over those applicants with just bundle branch block alone. Conclusion.—The presence of bundle branch block in an insurance applicant may be associated with increased all-cause mortality. In this study, life insurance applicants overall had a mortality slightly lower than the expected mortality based on the 2015 VBT. However, applicants with bundle branch block and a cardiac or cardiovascular comorbid condition had a significantly higher mortality ratio.
Analisis faktor eksternal yang dipertimbangkan masyarakat muslim pesisir Tuban untuk mengunakan layanan Bank Thithil
Authors: Syaifudin Ahmad , Ekawaty Marlina 
Published: June 2019

Bank Thithil is an informal financial institution that offers high-interest loan services to the public. This study aims to determine the external factors considered by coastal Muslim society to use bank thithil financial services. The data were collected through survey with questionnaires and in-depth interviews with bank thithil customers at Bulu Meduro village, Tuban regency and analyzed by exploratory factor analysis methods. The results show that there are eight external factors that are considered by customers to use bank thithil services, namely: loan compensation and accessibility factors, customer parity and service, transaction time flexibility, ease of administration, brand image, location excellence, member advantage, and limited institutional coverage syariah finance. From the results of external factor analysis, then analyzed in depth using interviews with several customers, it was found that there were two factors that became a strong drawer for Muslim society to use bank thithil services, namely the prime service factor of bank thithil and barriers of syariah financial institutions.
Kecerdasan dan Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Ma’rufah Fitri Setya , Siswanto Siswanto 
Published: June 2019

Intelligencies have an important role to improve employee performance. There was a research gap related to the role. This research is to analyze the effect of intelligence dimensions on employee performance. The sample of the study consisted of 67 respondents. Quantitative analysis is used. The results showed intellectual quotient, emotional quotient, and spiritual quotient could improve employee performance. Meanwhile, spiritual intelligence had a dominant role.
Web of Thing Application for Monitoring Precision Agriculture Using Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Fahmi Nurul , Prayitno Eko , Fitriani Siti 
Published: June 2019

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a technology that can help humans solve problems in daily life for monitoring the environment. This can be done to help farmers in monitoring and making decisions for watering plants. In this study, temperature, humidity and soil moisture sensors were used to help farmers monitor web-based precision agriculture, and the system we built could make a decision to automatically water plants based on soil conditions. The results of measuring precision agriculture from the sensor node will be se nt to the gateway using Zigbee 802.15.4. The data will be stored in the MySQL database provided by the gateway. Then it will be synchronized to the cloud using IoT technology, so users can access it in real time by using web -based application. From the system that we developed, it really helps farmers to complete their work and make innovations in the digital era
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PARANG ROMANG (Boehmeria virgata) SECARA SUBKRONIS ORAL TERHADAP PROFIL HEMATOLOGI TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus Novergicus)
Authors: Magfirah Magfirah , Manggau Marianti A. 
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian secara subkronis oral ekstrak etanol daun parang romang selama 28 hari pada profil hematologi tikus putih meliputi kadar eritrosit, leukosit, trombosit dan hemaglobin. Tikus dikelompokkan secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 diberikan aquadest, kelompok 2 ekstrak etanol daun parang romang 250 mg/kgBB, kelompok 3 ekstrak etanol daun parang 500 mg/kg BB dan kelompok 4 ekstrak etanol parang romang 1000 mg/kgBB. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata tikus jantan dan betina masing-masing yaitu profil kadar eritrosit 8,56 ± 0,33, 8,17 ± 0,29, 7,13 ± 0,15, 6,90 ± 0,99 dan 6,70 ± 0,47, 6,80 ± 0,47, 7,60 ± 0,24, 7,40 ± 0,24. Trombosit 1112,00 ± 53,07, 1099,00 ± 58,62, 1129,60 ± 63,18 dan 1229,00 ± 71,27 dan 805,33 ± 2,16, 873,33 ± 2,81, 1112,30 ± 58,32, 1196,00 ± 1,08, Hemoglobin 15,06 ± 0,57, 14,01 ± 0,28, 12,83 ± 0,14, 12,26 ± 1,81 dan 12,56 ± 1,18, 13,23 ± 0,76, 13,9 ± 0,32, 13,53 ± 0,28. Profil kadar eritrosit, trombosit, hemaglobin pada tikus jantan dan betina masih dalam kisaran normal pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Untuk profil kadar leukosit 22,88 ± 3,52, 22,90 ± 1,26, 23,90 ± 0,49, 24,56 ± 4,14 dan 22,76 ± 7,97, 14,46 ± 2,30, 16,79 ± 1,90, 14,58±1,79. Nilai rata-rata leukosit kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan tikus jantan serta kelompok perlakuan tikus betina tidak berada pada kisaran normal sedangkan untuk kelompok perlakuan tikus betina berada pada kisaran nilai normal. Hasil uji statistik one way anova pemberian ekstrak etanol daun parang romang setelah 28 hari pada profil hematologi tikus jantan dan betina diperoleh Nilai p>0,05 menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun parang romang secara oral selama 28 hari tidak mempengaruhi profil hematologi tikus putih. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun parang romang selama 28 hari tidak memiliki efek toksis terhadap profil hematologi tikus putih ( Rattus novergicus).
PENGARUH MADU TRIGONA TERHADAP STRESS OKSIDATIF PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI STATIN UNTUK MENCEGAH MIOTOKSISITAS
Authors: Salampe Mirnawati , Kabo Peter , Djabir Yulia Yusrini 
Published: June 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh madu trigona terhadap stress oksidatif pada tikus putih yang diinduksi statin untuk mencegah miotoksisitas melalui pengukuran kadar kreatin kinase (CK), malondialdehid (MDA), dan aktivitas superoksida dismutase (SOD). Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus jantan yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, terdiri dari 5 ekor tiap kelompok. Kelompok 1 merupakan kontrol yang hanya diberikan NaCMC 0,5%; kelompok 2 (induksi atorvastatin 20 mg/kgBB selama 3 minggu dan dilanjut dengan 40 mg/kgBB selama 2 minggu); kelompok 3 (diberi madu 4,5 ml/kgBB); kelompok 4, 5, dan 6 (diberi madu 1,5 ml; 3 ml; 4,5 ml/kgBB, berturut-turut selanjutnya selang waktu 2 jam diinduksi atorvastatin). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar CK sebelum dan setelah perlakuan selama lima minggu pada tikus yang diinduksi atorvastatin mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan (p<0.05), sedangkan kadar CK pada kelompok tikus yang lainnya tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang bermakna. Kadar MDA setelah perlakuan pada tikus yang hanya diinduksi atorvastatin menunjukkan kadar yang relatif tinggi, namun secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok tikus yang lainnya. Demikian pula dengan aktivitas SOD pada tikus yang hanya diinduksi atorvastatin tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok tikus yang diberi madu sebelum induksi atorvastatin.
Aktivitas Ekspor dan Inefisiensi Teknis Industri Andalan Ekspor Indonesia
Authors: Rustiawati Rika BettyNurindah , Lubis Andi Fahmi 
Published: June 2019

This study examines the effect of export activity on the technical inefficiency by using firm level panel data taken from Annual Survey of Manufacturing conducted by BPS for the period 2010 to 2014 and focus on Indonesia’s mainstay export industry which classiffied into low technology and high technology sector. A stochastic frontier model with one stage approach is applied to the translog production function to estimate firm level technical efficiency. The findings support the theoretical implications of the positive impact of export activities on firm’s efficiency and low technology sectors have higher efficiency rate than high technology sectors.
Front-of-Pack Labeling and the Nutritional Quality of Students’ Food Purchases: A 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Egnell Manon , Boutron Isabelle , Péneau Sandrine , Ducrot Pauline , Touvier Mathilde , Galan Pilar , Buscail Camille , Porcher Raphaël , Ravaud Philippe , Hercberg Serge , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Julia Chantal 
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To assess the effects of the Nutri-Score label (relative to the Reference Intakes label or no label) on the nutritional quality of students’ food purchases. Methods. A 3-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in France in 2017; 2907 participants were randomized into 1 of the 3 study arms (Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes, no label) and invited to purchase groceries from an experimental Web-based supermarket. The main outcome was the overall nutritional quality of purchases, measured according to a modified version of the Food Standards Agency Nutrient Profiling System (FSAm-NPS/HCSP) score. Results. The mean (±SD) FSAm-NPS/HCSP score was lower in the Nutri-Score group (2.02 ±3.56) than in the Reference Intakes group (2.69 ±3.44), reflecting higher nutritional quality; however, there was no significant difference between the Nutri-Score and no-label (2.45 ±3.28) groups or between the Reference Intakes and no-label groups. Shopping cart content was lower in calories and saturated fatty acids and higher in fruits and vegetables in the Nutri-Score arm than in the other arms. Conclusions. The Nutri-Score label appeared to improve the nutritional composition of students’ food purchases relative to the Reference Intakes label or no label.
HIV Prevention for Black Heterosexual Men: The Barbershop Talk with Brothers Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Wilson Tracey E. , Gousse Yolene , Joseph Michael A. , Browne Ruth C. , Camilien Brignel , McFarlane Davin , Mitchell Shawn , Brown Humberto , Urraca Nelson , Romeo Desmond , Johnson Steven , Salifu Moro , Stewart Mark , Vavagiakis Peter , Fraser Marilyn 
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To identify the impact of a strengths-focused HIV prevention program among high-risk heterosexual Black men. Methods. Barbershops in Brooklyn, New York, neighborhoods with high rates of heterosexually transmitted HIV were randomized to the intervention or an attention control program. Men were recruited from barbershops between 2012 and 2016 and participated in a single small group, peer-led session focused on HIV risk reduction skills and motivation, community health empowerment, and identification of personal strengths and communication skills. The outcome was defined as 1 or more acts of condomless anal or vaginal sex in the preceding 90 days at a 6-month interview. Results. Fifty-three barbershops (24 intervention, 29 control) and 860 men (436 intervention, 424 control) were recruited; follow-up was completed by 657 participants (352 intervention, 305 control). Intervention exposure was associated with a greater likelihood of no condomless sex (64.4%) than control group participation (54.1%; adjusted odds ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 2.47). Conclusions. Program exposure resulted in reduced sexual risk behaviors, and the program was acceptable for administration in partnership with barbershops. Public Health Implications. Dissemination of similar programs could improve public health in communities with high rates of HIV attributable to heterosexual transmission.