bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standing in the shadow of dark gas: ALMA observations of absorption from dark CO in the molecular dark neutral medium of Chamaeleon
Authors: Liszt H. , Gerin M. , Grenier I. 
Published: May 2019

Context. We previously detected 89.2 GHz J = 1−0 HCO+ absorption in 12 directions lacking detected CO emission in the outskirts of the Chamaeleon cloud complex and toward one sightline with integrated CO emission WCO = 2.4 K km s−1. Eight sightlines had a much larger mean column density of dark neutral medium (DNM) – gas not represented in HI or CO emission – and were found to have much higher mean molecular column density. The five other sightlines had little or no DNM and were found to have much smaller but still detectable N(HCO+).
Aims. To determine the CO column density along previously observed Chamaeleon sightlines and to determine why CO emission was not detected in directions where molecular gas is present.
Methods. We took 12CO J = 1−0 absorption profiles toward five sightlines having higher DNM and HCO+ column densities and one sightline with smaller N(DNM) and N(HCO+). We converted the integrated HCO+ optical depths to N(H2) in the weak-excitation limit using N(HCO+)/N(H2) = 3 × 10−9 and converted the integrated CO optical depths ϒCO to CO column density using the relationship N(CO) = 1.861 × 1015 cm−2 ϒCO1.131 found along comparable lines of sight that were previously studied in J = 1−0 and J = 2−1 CO absorption and emission.
Results. CO absorption was detected along the five sightlines in the higher-DNM group, with CO column densities 4 × 1013 cm−2≲ N(CO) ≲1015 cm−2 that are generally below the detectability limit of CO emission surveys.
Conclusions. In the outskirts of the Chamaeleon complex, the presence of molecular DNM resulted primarily from small CO column densities at the onset of CO formation around the HI/H2 transition in diffuse molecular gas. CO relative abundances N(CO)/H2 ≲2 × 10−6 in the outskirts of Chamaeleon are comparable to those seen in UV absorption toward early-type stars, including in Chamaeleon.
Cluster induced quenching of galaxies in the massive cluster XMMXCS J2215.9−1738 at z ∼ 1.5 traced by enhanced metallicities inside half R200
Authors: Maier C. , Hayashi M. , Ziegler B. L. , Kodama T. 
Published: May 2019

Aims. Cluster environments at z <  0.5 were found to increase the gas metallicities of galaxies which enter inner regions of the clusters where the density of the intracluster medium is high enough to remove their hot halo gas by ram-pressure stripping effects and to stop the inflow of pristine gas. To extend these studies to z >  1, the most massive clusters known at these redshifts are the sites where these environmental effects should be more pronounced and more easily observed with present day telescopes.
Methods. We explore the massive cluster XMMXCS J2215.9−1738 at z ∼ 1.5 with KMOS spectroscopy of Hα and [N II] λ 6584 covering a region that corresponds to about one virial radius. Using published spectroscopic redshifts of 108 galaxies in and around the cluster we computed the location of galaxies in the projected velocity-versus-position phase-space to separate our cluster sample into a virialized region of objects accreted longer ago (roughly inside half R200) and a region of infalling galaxies. We measured oxygen abundances for ten cluster galaxies with detected [N II] λ 6584 lines in the individual galaxy spectra and compared the mass–metallicity relation of the galaxies inside half R200 with the infalling galaxies and a field sample at similar redshifts.
Results. We find that the oxygen abundances of individual z ∼ 1.5 star-forming cluster galaxies inside half R200 are comparable, at the respective stellar mass, to the higher local SDSS metallicity values. We compare our measurements with a field galaxy sample from the KMOS3D survey at similar redshifts. We find that the [N II] λ 6584/Hα line ratios inside half R200 are higher by 0.2 dex and that the resultant metallicities of the galaxies in the inner part of the cluster are higher by about 0.1 dex, at a given mass, than the metallicities of infalling galaxies and of field galaxies at z ∼ 1.5. The enhanced metallicities of cluster galaxies at z ∼ 1.5 inside 0.5R200 indicate that the density of the intracluster medium in this massive cluster becomes high enough toward the cluster center such that the ram pressure exceeds the restoring pressure of the hot gas reservoir of cluster galaxies. This can remove the gas reservoir and initiate quenching; although the galaxies continue to form stars, albeit at slightly lower rates, using the available cold gas in the disk which is not stripped.
Recent Advances in Electrochemistry for the Synthesis of N-Heterocycles
Authors: Sbei Najoua , Listratova Anna V. , Titov Alexander A. , Voskressensky Leonid G. 
Published: May 2019

The construction of N-heterocyclic rings represents a very important and fast-developing area of organic synthesis. In this context, electrochemistry has emerged as a mild solution for generating in situ the required electrophilic substrates, bases and nucleophiles derived from low-level and extremely stable reagents, the further application of which makes some heterocycles more accessible. In this review, we have covered the recent advances in the electrochemical synthesis of five- and six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds published from 2017 to October 2018.1	Introduction2	Electrochemical Synthesis of Five-Membered N-Containing Heterocycles2.1	Pyrrolidines2.2	Imidazoles2.3	Pyrazoles2.4	Triazoles2.5	Oxazoles2.6	Indoles2.7	Thiazoless3	Electrochemical Synthesis of Six-Membered N-Containing Heterocycles3.1	Piperidines and Pyridines3.2	Quinazolinones3.3	Benzoxazines4	Conclusions
Many-body effects in quantum metrology
Authors: Czajkowski Jan , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Demkowicz-Dobrzański Rafał 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We study the impact of many-body effects on the fundamental precision limits in quantum metrology. On the one hand such effects may lead to nonlinear Hamiltonians, studied in the field of nonlinear quantum metrology, while on the other hand they may result in decoherence processes that cannot be described using single-body noise models. We provide a general reasoning that allows to predict the fundamental scaling of precision in such models as a function of the number of atoms present in the system. Moreover, we describe a computationally efficient approach that allows for a simple derivation of quantitative bounds. We illustrate these general considerations by a detailed analysis of fundamental precision bounds in a paradigmatic atomic interferometry experiment with standard linear Hamiltonian but with both single and two-body losses taken into account—a model which is motivated by the most recent Bose–Einstein condensate magnetometry experiments. Using this example we also highlight the impact of the atom number super-selection rule on the possibility of protecting interferometric protocols against decoherence.
Consistent Dust and Gas Models for Protoplanetary Disks. III. Models for Selected Objects from the FP7 DIANA Project*
Authors: Woitke P. , Kamp I. , Antonellini S. , Anthonioz F. , Baldovin-Saveedra C. , Carmona A. , Dionatos O. , Dominik C. , Greaves J. , Güdel M. , Ilee J. D. , Liebhardt A. , Menard F. , Min M. , Pinte C. , Rab C. , Rigon L. , Thi W. F. , Thureau N. , Waters L. B. F. M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The European FP7 project DIANA has performed a coherent analysis of a large set of observational data of protoplanetary disks by means of thermo-chemical disk models. The collected data include extinction-corrected stellar UV and X-ray input spectra (as seen by the disk), photometric fluxes, low and high resolution spectra, interferometric data, emission line fluxes, line velocity profiles and line maps, which probe the dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the gas in these objects. We define and apply a standardized modeling procedure to fit these data by state-of-the-art modeling codes (ProDiMo, MCFOST, MCMax), solving continuum and line radiative transfer (RT), disk chemistry, and the heating and cooling balance for both the gas and the dust. 3D diagnostic RT tools (e.g., FLiTs) are eventually used to predict all available observations from the same disk model, the DIANA-standard model. Our aim is to determine the physical parameters of the disks, such as total gas and dust masses, the dust properties, the disk shape, and the chemical structure in these disks. We allow for up to two radial disk zones to obtain our best-fitting models that have about 20 free parameters. This approach is novel and unique in its completeness and level of consistency. It allows us to break some of the degeneracies arising from pure Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) modeling. In this paper, we present the results from pure SED fitting for 27 objects and from the all inclusive DIANA-standard models for 14 objects. Our analysis shows a number of Herbig Ae and T Tauri stars with very cold and massive outer disks which are situated at least partly in the shadow of a tall and gas-rich inner disk. The disk masses derived are often in excess to previously published values, since these disks are partially optically thick even at millimeter wavelength and so cold that they emit less than in the Rayleigh–Jeans limit. We fit most infrared to millimeter emission line fluxes within a factor better than 3, simultaneously with SED, PAH features and radial brightness profiles extracted from images at various wavelengths. However, some line fluxes may deviate by a larger factor, and sometimes we find puzzling data which the models cannot reproduce. Some of these issues are probably caused by foreground cloud absorption or object variability. Our data collection, the fitted physical disk parameters as well as the full model output are available to the community through an online database (http://www.univie.ac.at/diana).
Mass Gatherings and Diarrheal Disease Transmission Among Rural Communities in Coastal Ecuador
Authors: Collender Philip A , Morris Christa , Glenn-Finer Rose , Acevedo Andrés , Chang Howard H , Trostle James A , Eisenberg Joseph N S , Remais Justin V 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMass gatherings exacerbate infectious disease risks by creating crowded, high-contact conditions and straining the capacity of local infrastructure. While mass gatherings have been extensively studied in the context of epidemic disease transmission, the role of gatherings in incidence of high-burden, endemic infections has not been previously studied. Here, we examine diarrheal incidence among 17 communities in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, in relation to recurrent gatherings characterized using ethnographic data collected during and after the epidemiologic surveillance period (2004–2007). Using distributed-lag generalized estimating equations, adjusted for seasonality, trend, and heavy rainfall events, we found significant increases in diarrhea risk in host villages, peaking 2 weeks after an event’s conclusion (incidence rate ratio, 1.21; confidence interval, adjusted for false coverage rate of ≤0.05: 1.02, 1.43). Stratified analysis revealed heightened risks associated with events where crowding and travel were most likely (2-week-lag incidence rate ratio, 1.51; confidence interval, adjusted for false coverage rate of ≤0.05: 1.09, 2.10). Our findings suggest that community-scale mass gatherings might play an important role in endemic diarrheal disease transmission and could be an important focus for interventions to improve community health in low-resource settings.
Metadherin–PRMT5 complex enhances the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the WNT–β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Kai , Peng Yuanfei , Hu Jinwu , Zhan Hao , Yang Liuxiao , Gao Qiang , Jia Hao , Luo Rongkui , Dai Zhi , Tang Zhaoyou , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccumulating data suggest that metadherin (MTDH) may function as an oncogene. Our previous study showed that MTDH promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this study, we aim to further elucidate how MTDH promotes HCC metastasis. Using Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry, we found that MTDH can specifically bind to protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Further functional assays revealed that PRMT5 overexpression promoted the proliferation and motility of HCC cells and that knockout of PRMT5 impeded the effect of MTDH. The immunohistochemistry assay/tissue microarray results showed that when MTDH was overexpressed in HCC cells, PRMT5 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, with the subsequent translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulation of the WNT–β-catenin signaling pathway. Further in vivo experiments suggested that PRMT5 and β-catenin played a pivotal role in MTDH-mediated HCC metastasis. We therefore concluded that the MTDH–PRMT5 complex promotes HCC metastasis by regulating the WNT–β-catenin signaling pathway.
Comparative Immunovirological and Clinical Responses to Antiretroviral Therapy Between HIV-1 Group O and HIV-1 Group M Infected Patients
Authors: Kouanfack Charles , Unal Guillemette , Schaeffer Laura , Kfutwah Anfumbom , Aghokeng Avelin , Mougnutou Rose , Tchemgui-Noumsi Nathalie , Alessandri-Gradt Elodie , Delaporte Eric , Simon François , Vray Muriel , Plantier Jean-Christophe ,   ANRS 12168 DynaMO Study, Alima Michèle , Essengué Lucie , Mounpou Georges , Ngang Peter , Ngoma Pauline , Omgba Vincent , Omam Deborah , Tonfack Léonie , Zé Flore , Akongnwi Emmanuel , Dumortier Jérôme , Ngoupo Paul-Alain , Njouom Richard , Rousset Dominique , Le Fouler Lenaig , Madec Yoann , Bodelet Marine , Dupre Jean-Michel , Pavie Juliette , Rekacewicz Claire , Garcia Paula , Colin Géraldine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Little is known about impact of genetic divergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (HIV-1/O) relative to HIV-1 group M (HIV-1/M) on therapeutic outcomes. We aimed to determine if responses to standardized combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) were similar between groups despite strain divergence.

Methods
We performed an open nonrandomized study comparing the immunological, virological, and clinical responses to cART based on 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus 1 ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, in naive and paired HIV-1/O vs HIV-1/M infected (+) patients (ratio 1:2), matched on several criteria. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with undetectable plasma viral load (pVL, threshold 60 copies/mL) at week (W) 48. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients with undetectable pVL at W24 and W96 and CD4 evolution between baseline and W24, W48, and W96.

Results
Forty-seven HIV-1/O+ and 94 HIV-1/M+ patients were included. Mean pVL at baseline was significantly lower by 1 log for HIV-1/O+ vs HIV-1/M+ patients. At W48, no significant difference was observed between populations with undetectable pVL and differences at W24 and W96 were not significant. A difference in CD4 gain was observed in favor of HIV-1/M at W48 and W96, but this was not significant when adjusted on both matched criteria and pVL at baseline.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate similar immunovirological and clinical response between HIV-1/O+ and HIV-1/M+ patients. They also reveal significantly lower baseline replication for HIV-1/O variants, suggesting specific virological properties and physiopathology that now need to be addressed.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT00658346.
Lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis mimicking inflammatory bowel diseases in 11 patients: a 4-year single-center experience
Authors: Di Altobrando Ambra , Tartari Federico , Filippini Andrea , D'Antuono Antonietta , Patrizi Annalisa , Filippi Federica , Sechi Andrea , Cuicchi Dajana , Salfi Nunzio Cosimo Mario , Gaspari Valeria 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) serovars L1–L3. Our study wants to underline the similarities between rectal LGV and idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which can share clinical, endoscopic and histopathological findings.
Does pregabalin effectively and safely relieve postoperative pain in patients undergoing pulmonary resections?
Authors: Li Shuangjiang , Zhang Wenbiao , Cheng Shan , Li Yongjiang 
Published: May 2019

Summary
A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether pregabalin could effectively and safely reduce postoperative pain in patients undergoing pulmonary resections. Altogether 23 papers were found using the reported search, of which 6 randomized controlled trials represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Five of 6 randomized controlled trials demonstrated that the application of oral pregabalin during the perioperative period could effectively reduce postoperative pain after pulmonary resections without compromising patients’ safety. One randomized controlled trial reported no difference in the postoperative pain levels between the pregabalin group and the control group. The rates of adverse effects were generally found to be decreased in patients who received pregabalin compared to the patients who received routine analgesia, although 2 studies reported significantly higher incidences of mild drowsiness and dizziness among the pregabalin-treated patients. Currently available evidence supports that the perioperative administration of pregabalin can effectively and safely relieve postoperative pain for patients undergoing pulmonary resections.
Cone reconstruction is feasible in babies under 2 kg of weight
Authors: Bautista-Rodriguez Carles , Fraisse Alain , Burmester Margarita , Ghez Oliver 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Symptomatic neonates with Ebstein anomaly present with intractable heart failure. We present the first successful cone reconstruction in an ex 30 + 4-week premature below 2 kg with a favourable outcome.
Economic Crisis, Natural Resources, and Irregular Leader Removal in Autocracies
Authors: Krishnarajan Suthan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhy do autocratic leaders escape revolution, coups, and assassination during times of economic crisis? I argue that the spike in natural resource revenues since the 1960s has increased autocratic crisis resilience. The availability of this alternative revenue stream provides autocratic leaders with a constant inflow of money, increases their ability to repress dissent, and improves their access to international credit. Extending the analysis back to 1875, I show that the relationship between economic crisis and irregular leader removal in autocracies is strong and robust before the 1960s, but disappears in more recent periods. Interaction analyses confirm that the effects of economic crisis are moderated by natural resource income. These findings are robust to an array of alternative specifications, including analyses that address endogeneity concerns via instrumental variable (IV) estimation. A more particular examination of the theoretical mechanisms also supports the argument. These findings challenge widely held beliefs in the literature of a strong, direct effect of economic crisis on autocratic leader survival; they explain why economic crisis seems to destabilize some autocrats, but not others.
An ensemble of neural models for nested adverse drug events and medication extraction with subwords
Authors: Ju Meizhi , Nguyen Nhung T H , Miwa Makoto , Ananiadou Sophia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
This article describes an ensembling system to automatically extract adverse drug events and drug related entities from clinical narratives, which was developed for the 2018 n2c2 Shared Task Track 2.

Materials and Methods
We designed a neural model to tackle both nested (entities embedded in other entities) and polysemous entities (entities annotated with multiple semantic types) based on MIMIC III discharge summaries. To better represent rare and unknown words in entities, we further tokenized the MIMIC III data set by splitting the words into finer-grained subwords. We finally combined all the models to boost the performance. Additionally, we implemented a featured-based conditional random field model and created an ensemble to combine its predictions with those of the neural model.

Results
Our method achieved 92.78% lenient micro F1-score, with 95.99% lenient precision, and 89.79% lenient recall, respectively. Experimental results showed that combining the predictions of either multiple models, or of a single model with different settings can improve performance.

Discussion
Analysis of the development set showed that our neural models can detect more informative text regions than feature-based conditional random field models. Furthermore, most entity types significantly benefit from subword representation, which also allows us to extract sparse entities, especially nested entities.

Conclusion
The overall results have demonstrated that the ensemble method can accurately recognize entities, including nested and polysemous entities. Additionally, our method can recognize sparse entities by reconsidering the clinical narratives at a finer-grained subword level, rather than at the word level.
Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Management in Minnesota Wine Grapes
Authors: Ebbenga Dominique N , Burkness Eric C , Hutchison William D 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an economically damaging invasive species of numerous fruit crops, was first detected in Minnesota in 2012. High fecundity, and short generation times facilitated a rapid rise in the global pest status of D. suzukii, particularly in North America and Europe. To date, the majority of crop injury research has focused on fruit crops such as blueberries, raspberries, and cherries. However, little is known regarding the impact of D. suzukii on the wine grape industry in the upper Midwest region of the United States. Field trials were conducted in Minnesota during the summers of 2017–2018 to examine season-long phenology of D. suzukii in wine grape vineyards and wineries, and to assess the efficacy of exclusion netting for control of D. suzukii. Four treatments were evaluated, 1) open plot check (control), 2) open plot treated with an insecticide, 3) exclusion netting, and 4) exclusion netting, with artificial infestations of D. suzukii adults. Exclusion netting was applied at véraison and removed at harvest. On each sample date, 20 berries (10 intact and 10 injured) were collected from each plot for dissection. The number of larvae and adults were recorded for each berry to determine infestation levels. As shown by mean larval infestations and injured berries across treatments, exclusion netting provided a significant reduction in the level of D. suzukii infested berries when compared with the untreated check. These results indicate that exclusion netting could provide an effective alternative management strategy for D. suzukii in wine grapes.