bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA-Seq Analysis of Spinal Cord Tissues from hPFN1G118V Transgenic Mouse Model of ALS at Pre-symptomatic and End-Stages of Disease
Authors: Barham Caroline , Fil Daniel , Byrum Stephanie D. , Rahmatallah Yasir , Glazko Galina , Kiaei Mahmoud 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to the loss of motor neurons. The molecular mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration are largely unknown and there are currently no effective therapies to treat this disease. In this work, we report whole transcriptome profiling of spinal cords of mutant transgenic hPFN1G118V mice and their wildtype transgenic hPFN1WT controls at a pre-symptomatic stage and at the end-stage of disease. Analyses revealed that end-stage hPFN1G118V mice had 890 differentially expressed genes (747 up-regulated, 143 down-regulated) when compared to pre-symptomatic hPFN1G118V mice, and they had 836 differentially expressed genes (742 up-regulated, 94 down-regulated) when compared to age-matched hPFN1WT controls. Pre-symptomatic hPFN1G118V mice were not significantly different from age-matched hPFN1WT controls. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified inflammatory pathways significantly activated in end-stage hPFN1G118V samples, suggesting an excess of glial activation at end-stage disease, possibly due to an increase in glial composition within the spinal cord during disease progression. In conclusion, our RNA-Seq data identified molecules and pathways involved in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration that could potentially serve as therapeutic targets for ALS.
Efficient identification of somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukaemia using whole exome sequencing of fingernail derived DNA as germline control
Authors: Kakadia Purvi M. , Van de Water Neil , Browett Peter J. , Bohlander Stefan K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent advances in next-generation sequencing have made it possible to perform genome wide identification of somatic mutation in cancers. Most studies focus on identifying somatic mutations in the protein coding portion of the genome using whole exome sequencing (WES). Every human genome has around 4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A sizeable fraction of these germline SNPs is very rare and will not be found in the databases. Thus, in order to unambiguously identify somatic mutation, it is absolutely necessary to know the germline SNPs of the patient. While a blood sample can serve as source of germline DNA from patients with solid tumours, obtaining germline DNA from patients with haematological malignancies is very difficult. Tumor cells often infiltrate the skin, and their DNA can be found in saliva and buccal swab samples. The DNA in the tips of nails stems from keratinocytes that have undergone keratinization several months ago. DNA was successfully extracted from nail clippings of 5 probands for WES. We were able to identify somatic mutations in one tumor exome by using the nail exome as germline reference. Our results demonstrate that nail DNA is a reliable source of germline DNA in the setting of hematological malignancies.
Groucho related gene 5 (GRG5) is involved in embryonic and neural stem cell state decisions
Authors: Chanoumidou Konstantina , Hadjimichael Christiana , Athanasouli Paraskevi , Ahlenius Henrik , Klonizakis Antonis , Nikolaou Christoforos , Drakos Elias , Kostouros Antonis , Stratidaki Irene , Grigoriou Maria , Kretsovali Androniki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGroucho related gene 5 (GRG5) is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in late embryonic and postnatal mouse development. Here, we describe a previously unknown role of GRG5 in early developmental stages by analyzing its function in stem cell fate decisions. By both loss and gain of function approaches we demonstrate that ablation of GRG5 deregulates the Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC) pluripotent state whereas its overexpression leads to enhanced self-renewal and acquisition of cancer cell-like properties. The malignant characteristics of teratomas generated by ESCs that overexpress GRG5 reveal its pro-oncogenic potential. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis and cell differentiation approaches underline GRG5 as a multifaceted signaling regulator that represses mesendodermal-related genes. When ESCs exit pluripotency, GRG5 promotes neuroectodermal specification via Wnt and BMP signaling suppression. Moreover, GRG5 promotes the neuronal reprogramming of fibroblasts and maintains the self-renewal of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) by sustaining the activity of Notch/Hes and Stat3 signaling pathways. In summary, our results demonstrate that GRG5 has pleiotropic roles in stem cell biology functioning as a stemness factor and a neural fate specifier.
Investigating the genetic profile of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA in response to perinatal nicotine exposure using mRNA-miRNA analyses
Authors: Keller Renee F. , Dragomir Andrei , Yantao Fan , Akay Yasemin M. , Akay Metin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of developmental, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. Nicotine, the primary addictive component in tobacco, has been shown to modulate changes in gene expression when exposure occurs during neurodevelopment. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is believed to be central to the mechanism of addiction because of its involvement in the reward pathway. The purpose of this study was to build a genetic profile for dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA and investigate the disruptions to the molecular pathways after perinatal nicotine exposure. Initially, we isolated the VTA from rat pups treated perinatally with either nicotine or saline (control) and collected DA neurons using fluorescent-activated cell sorting. Using microarray analysis, we profiled the differential expression of mRNAs and microRNAs from DA neurons in the VTA in order to explore potential points of regulation and enriched pathways following perinatal nicotine exposure. Furthermore, mechanisms of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation were investigated using predicted and validated miRNA-gene targets in order to demonstrate the role of miRNAs in the mesocorticolimbic DA pathway. This study provides insight into the genetic profile as well as biological pathways of DA neurons in the VTA of rats following perinatal nicotine exposure.
Geobiology reveals how human kidney stones dissolve in vivo
Authors: Sivaguru Mayandi , Saw Jessica J. , Williams James C. , Lieske John C. , Krambeck Amy E. , Romero Michael F. , Chia Nicholas , Schwaderer Andrew L. , Alcalde Reinaldo E. , Bruce William J. , Wildman Derek E. , Fried Glenn A. , Werth Charles J. , Reeder Richard J. , Yau Peter M. , Sanford Robert A. , Fouke Bruce W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMore than 10% of the global human population is now afflicted with kidney stones, which are commonly associated with other significant health problems including diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Nearly 70% of these stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate, a mineral previously assumed to be effectively insoluble within the kidney. This has limited currently available treatment options to painful passage and/or invasive surgical procedures. We analyze kidney stone thin sections with a combination of optical techniques, which include bright field, polarization, confocal and super-resolution nanometer-scale auto-fluorescence microscopy. Here we demonstrate using interdisciplinary geology and biology (geobiology) approaches that calcium oxalate stones undergo multiple events of dissolution as they crystallize and grow within the kidney. These observations open a fundamentally new paradigm for clinical approaches that include in vivo stone dissolution and identify high-frequency layering of organic matter and minerals as a template for biomineralization in natural and engineered settings.
A machine learning approach to estimating preterm infants survival: development of the Preterm Infants Survival Assessment (PISA) predictor
Authors: Podda Marco , Bacciu Davide , Micheli Alessio , Bellù Roberto , Placidi Giulia , Gagliardi Luigi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEstimation of mortality risk of very preterm neonates is carried out in clinical and research settings. We aimed at elaborating a prediction tool using machine learning methods. We developed models on a cohort of 23747 neonates <30 weeks gestational age, or <1501 g birth weight, enrolled in the Italian Neonatal Network in 2008–2014 (development set), using 12 easily collected perinatal variables. We used a cohort from 2015–2016 (N = 5810) as a test set. Among several machine learning methods we chose artificial Neural Networks (NN). The resulting predictor was compared with logistic regression models. In the test cohort, NN had a slightly better discrimination than logistic regression (P < 0.002). The differences were greater in subgroups of neonates (at various gestational age or birth weight intervals, singletons). Using a cutoff of death probability of 0.5, logistic regression misclassified 67/5810 neonates (1.2 percent) more than NN. In conclusion our study – the largest published so far – shows that even in this very simplified scenario, using only limited information available up to 5 minutes after birth, a NN approach had a small but significant advantage over current approaches. The software implementing the predictor is made freely available to the community.
Nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Schima superba under nitrogen deposition
Authors: Zhang Rui , Pan Hongwei , He Biting , Chen Huanwei , Zhou Zhichun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry were used as indicators of nitrogen saturation and to assess ecosystem nutrient limitations. Schima superba, a representative and widely distributed dominant evergreen broadleaf tree species of the subtropical forests in southern China, was used for this purpose. A nutrient-addition experiment and a field survey were conducted to test the responses of trees from different provenances to N deposition. The relationships between leaf N and P stoichiometry and biomass, nutrient limitation, and soil N:P were analyzed. There was a relationship between leaf N, P, N:P, soil N:P and plant dry biomass. A threshold leaf N:P ratio (16.3) divided the five provenances into different nutrient-limitation classes that were related to the soil N:P ratio or N deposition. The leaf N:P ratio provided an indication of P limitation. A higher soil P level reduced the N deposition effect on plant growth. The leaf N:P ratio of individuals from different provenances can be used as a predictor of nutrient limitation, and this was related to the soil N:P ratio.
Nitinol powders generate from Plasma Rotation Electrode Process provide clean powder for biomedical devices used with suitable size, spheroid surface and pure composition
Authors: Hsu Tai-I , Wei Chia-Min , Wu Lu-Dien , Li Yun-Ping , Chiba Akihiko , Tsai Meng-Hsiu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe nickel-titanium alloy (57Ni-43Ti in wt%) was atomized by the plasma rotating electrode process (PREP). The PREP parameters such as plasma arc current, rotating electrode speed with corresponding PREP powder size range in weight percentage analysis, powder morphology and biocapability of cells were studied by scanning electron microscopies, Inductively Coupled Plasma and X-ray diffraction techniques. From the electrode of the produced powders, the composition has no obviously changes. Weight percentage up to 31.8% of the range under 300 μm while the rotation electrode speed increase to 12k rpm. Spherical and flat with smooth surface were observed in different size range. Brittle phase was not observed of XRD data. The nitinol powder has high biocapability with cells showed no cytotoxicity and well cell adhesion in the in vivo assay.
A comprehensive manually-curated compendium of bovine transcription factors
Authors: de Souza Marcela M. , Zerlotini Adhemar , Geistlinger Ludwig , Tizioto Polyana C. , Taylor Jeremy F. , Rocha Marina I. P. , Diniz Wellison J. S. , Coutinho Luiz L. , Regitano Luciana C. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) are pivotal regulatory proteins that control gene expression in a context-dependent and tissue-specific manner. In contrast to human, where comprehensive curated TF collections exist, bovine TFs are only rudimentary recorded and characterized. In this article, we present a manually-curated compendium of 865 sequence-specific DNA-binding bovines TFs, which we analyzed for domain family distribution, evolutionary conservation, and tissue-specific expression. In addition, we provide a list of putative transcription cofactors derived from known interactions with the identified TFs. Since there is a general lack of knowledge concerning the regulation of gene expression in cattle, the curated list of TF should provide a basis for an improved comprehension of regulatory mechanisms that are specific to the species.
Krankenpflege in Spanien und Deutschland
Authors: Escoda Medina Patricia , Heinicke Tobias 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDurch die schwierige ökonomische Situation in Spanien gibt es viele Pflegekräfte, die sich nach neuen Möglichkeiten umschauen. Einige gehen auf der Suche nach
einem Arbeitsplatz den Weg ins Ausland – so auch Patricia Escoda Medina. Sie hat in Madrid Krankenpflege studiert und dort gearbeitet, bevor sie durch ein
Projekt der Uniklinik Erlangen nach Deutschland kam. Dort arbeitet sie nun auf einer interdisziplinären operativen Intensivstation und hat mittlerweile die
Fachweiterbildung für Intensivpflege und Anästhesie abgeschlossen. Ihr folgender Beitrag gibt einen kleinen Überblick über Studium und Praxis der Krankenpflege
in Spanien.
Fixieren oder nicht?
Authors: Fröhlich Martin R. , Hürlimann Barbara , Warmuth Irene , Helberg Dorothea , Frei Irena Anna 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung„Der Patient zieht am Tubus und extubiert sich beinahe selbst. Ich kann nicht ständig am Bett stehen und nach ihm schauen. Darum musste ich ihm zur Sicherheit
die Hände festbinden.“ In einer solchen Situation hat sich wahrscheinlich jede Intensivpflegefachperson schon einmal befunden: Einerseits ist es wichtig, die
Patientensicherheit zu gewährleisten. Andererseits gilt es aber auch, die erforderlichen therapeutischen und pflegerischen Aufgaben während der Schicht auf der
Intensivstation zu erfüllen.
Krafttraining im Alter
Authors: Jungreitmayr Sonja 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Körper verändert sich im Alter gravierend. Eine Folge davon ist die nachlassende Fitness. Bei manchen zeigt sich dies nur diskret, andere nehmen immer
weniger am Leben teil, werden schwächer und können schließlich kaum noch ihren Alltag bewältigen. Mit geeigneten Tests können Sie den Fitnesslevel älterer
Menschen objektiv einschätzen und geeignete Trainingsformen entwickeln, die alten Menschen helfen, lange aktiv zu bleiben und sich gefahrlos bewegen zu
können.
Phenyl alanine & Tyrosine Amino acids Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Preparation and Toxicity study
Authors: Nosrati Hamed , Hamzehei Hossein , Afroogh Saeed , Ashabi Seyedeh , Attari Elahe , Manjili Hamidreza 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study we reported the synthesis of L-phenyl alanine (Phe) & L-tyrosine (Tyr) Natural Amino acids coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles under one-pot and in situ reaction. Functionalized iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Cellular toxicity of amino acids coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles was also investigated on HEK-293 cell lines. Additionally, a hemolysis test of as prepared magnetic nanoparticles were performed. It was found that the synthesized Phe and Tyr coated magnetic nanoparticles (F@Phe NPs and F@Tyr NPs) were spherical in shape with an average size less than 25 nm, also the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the F@Phe NPs and F@Tyr NPs were about 30.02 and 58.23 emu/g, respectively, which was lower than those of bare Fe3O4. The TGA results show that apart from this weight loss, the coated sample shows a weight loss of 5.48, and 6.88% respectively corresponding to loss of Tyr, and Phe which is coated on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. At a high concentration, less than 2.92 and 3.13% hemolytic activity were observed for F@Phe NPs and F@Tyr NPs, respectively. The F@Phe NPs and F@Tyr NPs show the possibility of using this nanoparticles in the development of in vitro and in vivo pharmaceutical and biomedical fields due to do not possess a toxic effect, good ζ-potential and related small and narrow size distribution.
Untersuchung der Qualität der Hörgeräteversorgung bei Senioren unter Berücksichtigung kognitiver Einflussfaktoren
Authors: Kronlachner Melanie , Baumann Uwe , Stöver Timo , Weißgerber Tobias 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der Gruppe der über 65-Jährigen ist die Hörminderung eines der häufigsten gesundheitlichen Probleme. Um die Kommunikationsfähigkeit in dieser Population
aufrecht zu erhalten, ist eine adäquate Hörgeräteversorgung essentiell. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Überprüfung der Qualität der
Hörgeräteversorgung bei Senioren in Bezug auf die Wiederherstellung der Sprachdiskrimination. Weiterhin sollte der Einfluss des Alters und einiger kognitiver
Parameter auf das Sprachverstehen betrachtet werden. Es wurden 40 Probanden im Alter von 66 bis 88 Jahren mit ein- oder beidseitiger Hörgeräteversorgung
untersucht. Es wurde der gemittelte Hörverlust der Frequenzen 0,5–1-2–4 kHz und der gemittelte Hochton-Hörverlust bei den Frequenzen 2–4-6 kHz sowie das
maximale Einsilberverstehen (mEV) und das hörgeräteversorgte Sprachverstehen bei 65 dB betrachtet. Um mögliche kognitive Einflussfaktoren zu ermitteln, wurden
ein Demenzscreening-Verfahren (DemTect-Test) und ein Test zur Prüfung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses angewendet. Zwar zeigte sich ein Gewinn durch die
Hörgeräteversorgung in 82 % der untersuchten Fälle, die nach Hilfsmittelrichtlinie geforderte Verbesserung von mindestens 20 % gegenüber der unversorgten
Situation wurde jedoch in 56 % der Fälle nicht erreicht. Weiterhin wurde das individuelle mEV mit Abweichung von höchstens zehn Prozentpunkten von 81 % aller
Fälle nicht erreicht. Signifikante Korrelationen zwischen Zahlenfolgen-Merkspanne bzw. DemTect-Ergebnis und mEV konnten nicht festgestellt werden. Im
untersuchten Probandenkollektiv ergaben sich auch keine Hinweise für eine Abhängigkeit des Ergebnisses der Hörgeräteversorgung vom Lebensalter oder von (milder)
kognitiver Beeinträchtigung sowie reduzierter Arbeitsgedächtnisleistung.
A Summary on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria, Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Management According to the Latest International Guidelines
Authors: Neven Adriana , Laven Joop , Teede Helena , Boyle Jacqueline 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological sequelae. The Rotterdam Criteria are now internationally accepted, with different phenotypes recognized with varying clinical presentations and risk profiles. The complexity of the disorder, and the impact on quality of life, requires timely diagnosis, screening for complications and management strategies. PCOS remains underdiagnosed and women experience significant delays to diagnosis. Effective dissemination of evidence-based management is therefore vital. In this review, we summarize key aspects of PCOS as a prelude to this issue of Seminars in Reproductive Medicine on PCOS which focuses on the development of the international evidence-based guideline on the assessment and management of PCOS and the related translation program. We cover diagnostic criteria, prevalence, phenotypes, reproductive, metabolic, and psychological factors of PCOS. We also cover management strategies including lifestyle interventions as well as treatment of nonreproductive outcomes and reproductive outcomes informed by the latest international evidence-based guidelines.
Penetrating Orbitofrontal Foreign Body: Case Report
Authors: Bhide Anuj , Velho Vernon , Jain Nimesh , Bhople Laxmikant 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOrbitofrontal foreign-body injuries comprise a major cause of all facial injuries referred to a neurosurgeon. The authors hereby present an unusual case of a pressure regulator of a domestic pressure cooker impacted into the orbit and extending through the orbital roof into the basifrontal cortex. The globe was intact externally with no obvious sign of such a large object impacted behind the globe. On imaging, the foreign body was found to have fractured the orbital roof with one end protruding into the basifrontal cortex. A transcranial approach was taken to remove the object with removal of the orbital rim and roof to reach the object. After successful retrieval of the metallic body, all displaced bone fragments were removed and the dural closure was done in a watertight manner. The vision could not be salvaged, most likely due to damage to the optic nerve. However, the globe was left intact and the ocular movements were normal. An important factor to consider in removal of such foreign bodies is that the bone fragments that get impacted should be meticulously removed and the dural tears should be sealed to prevent any intracranial infections and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Removal of the orbital rim helps in adequate exposure of the retro-orbital space and the basifrontal dura.
Depression oder gesundes Leiden? Die Bedeutung der Psychopathologie in der Diagnostik psychischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Linden M. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Erkennung und diagnostische Einordnung depressiver Störungen erfordert besondere Fachkenntnis, da depressiv Kranke unterschieden werden müssen von Gesunden mit schlechter Stimmung. Die diagnostischen Algorithmen nach ICD-10 oder DSM5 sind dafür nicht geeignet, da die Diagnosedefinition im Wesentlichen auf dem obligaten Leitsymptom der depressiven Verstimmung aufbaut, während die fakultativen Zusatzsymptome unspezifisch sind und diagnoseübergreifend vorkommen und nur zur Bestimmung der aktuellen Syndromschwere dienen. Damit ist das Kernproblem in der Diagnostik depressiver Störungen die psychopathologische Befundung mit einer Abgrenzung eines anhedon depressiven Affekts von vielfältigen sonstigen schlechten Stimmungszuständen. Neben der Affektqualität ist dazu auch der Kontext und die Steuerungsfähigkeit zu beachten. Sowohl eine Unterwie Überdiagnostik haben negative Folgen für den Betroffenen wie die Gesellschaft. Die Psychopathologie muss in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion wie bei der Ausbildung von Therapeuten angemessene Aufmerksamkeit erfahren.
Chancen und Risiken der digitalen Revolution für depressiv Erkrankte
Authors: Oehler C. , Reif A. , Hegerl U. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie dynamische Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche birgt für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen große Chancen und Risiken und die Psychiatrie ist aufgerufen, diesen Prozess zum Wohle der Patienten mitzugestalten. Am Beispiel depressiver Erkrankungen werden die Rolle digitaler Angebote für a) Informationsvermittlung und Erfahrungsaustausch, b) Internet-basierte Psychotherapie- und Selbstmanagement-Programme und c) die Erfassung und Nutzung von Selbstratings und Biosensordaten über mobile Geräte wie Smartphones oder Wearables dargestellt. Kritisch diskutiert wird die Evidenzlage zur Wirksamkeit der digitalen Psychotherapie- und Selbstmanagement-Programme. Neben den offensichtlichen Risiken durch Probleme im Bereich des Datenschutzes, der Datensicherheit und der Qualität der digitalen Angebote werden auch komplexe Folgen der Digitalisierung für das Menschen- und Selbstbild angesprochen. Eine zunehmend wichtigere Aufgabe des Psychiaters wird es sein, den Patienten in dem rasant wachsenden und unübersichtlichen Feld der digitalen Angebote Beratung und Orientierung zu liefern.