bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in Hg phytoavailability in soil using Hg‐volatilizing bacteria and biochar and the response of the native bacterial community
Authors: Chang Junjun , Yang Qingchen , Dong Jia , Ji Bohua , Si Guangzheng , He Fang , Li Benyan , Chen Jinquan 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBiological approaches are considered promising and eco‐friendly strategies to remediate Hg contamination in soil. This study investigated the potential of two ‘green’ additives, Hg‐volatilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. DC‐B1 and Bacillus sp. DC‐B2) and sawdust biochar, and their combination to reduce Hg(II) phytoavailability in soil and the effect of the additives on the soil bacterial community. The results showed that the Hg(II) contents in soils and lettuce shoots and roots were all reduced with these additives, achieving more declines of 12.3–27.4%, 24.8–57.8% and 2.0–48.6%, respectively, within 56 days of incubation compared to the control with no additive. The combination of DC‐B2 and 4% biochar performed best in reducing Hg(II) contents in lettuce shoots, achieving a decrease of 57.8% compared with the control. Pyrosequencing analysis showed that the overall bacterial community compositions in the soil samples were similar under different treatments, despite the fact that the relative abundance of dominant genera altered with the additives, suggesting a relatively weak impact of the additives on the soil microbial ecosystem. The low relative abundances of Pseudomonas and Bacillus, close to the background levels, at the end of the experiment indicated a small biological disturbance of the local microbial niche by the exogenous bacteria.
Orexin‐B‐like immunoreactivity in pituitary αMSH‐producing cells and median eminence GnRH‐containing fibres of the flat‐tailed house gecko
Authors: Suzuki Hirohumi , Yamamoto Toshiharu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe examined the distribution of the orexin‐like peptides in the pituitary and median eminence of the flat‐tailed house gecko (Hemidactylus platyurus) using immunohistochemistry. Orexin‐B‐like, but not orexin‐A‐like, immunoreactivity was detected in the pituitary, specifically in the pars intermedia, and these cells corresponded to alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (αMSH)‐producing cells. Orexin‐B and αMSH secreted from pars intermedia may modulate secretion of adenohypophyseal cells in the pars distalis. In the median eminence, orexin‐B‐immunoreactive puncta and fibres were observed, and these structures corresponded to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)‐immunoreactive puncta and fibres. Orexin‐B secreted from GnRH‐containing neurons in the hypothalamus may affect thyrotropin‐releasing hormone‐containing neurons resulting in modulation of αMSH secretion of melanotrophs in the pars intermedia.
Formation of semi‐enveloped particles as a unique feature of a hepatitis B virus PreS1 deletion mutant
Authors: Jiang Bingfu , Wu Qingyan , Kuhnhenn Lisa , Akhras Sami , Spengler Catrina , Boller Klaus , Peiffer Kai‐Henrik , Hildt Eberhard 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundNaturally occurring variants with deletions or mutations in the C‐terminal PreS1 domain from hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infected patients have been shown to promote HBsAg retention, inhibit HBsAg secretion and change the extracellular appearance of PreS1‐containing HBV particles (filaments and virions).AimsTo study the impact of N‐terminal deletion in preS1 domain on viral secretion and morphogenesis.MethodsAn HBV mutant with 15 amino acids (aa 25‐39) deletion in N‐terminal preS1 was isolated. Intracellular and extracellular HBsAg were quantified by Western blot. Subcellular HBsAg distribution was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The viral morphology was characterised by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, Western blot, electron microscopy, HBV mixed ELISA and HBV particle gel essay.ResultsExpression of this mutant genome released higher amounts of HBsAg in the form of shorter filaments. A significant fraction of semi‐enveloped virions was observed in the supernatant that has been unprecedented so far. Stepwise insertion of aa 25‐31, aa 32‐39 and aa 25‐39 increased the length of filaments. The rescue of aa 25‐31 and aa 25‐39 drastically reduced the amounts of extracellular HBsAg and semi‐enveloped virions, while such effects could not be observed after insertion of aa 32‐39, arguing against a simple spacer function of this region. The deletion and rescued mutants do not differ in subcellular HBsAg distribution and colocalisation with ER, Golgi and multivesicular bodies markers arguing against differences in release pathways.ConclusionN‐terminal PreS1‐domain (aa 25‐31) determines HBsAg secretion and triggers proper assembly of PreS1‐containing particles.
Brenneria spp. and Rahnella victoriana associated with acute oak decline symptoms on oak and hornbeam in Iran
Authors: Moradi‐Amirabad Yousef , Rahimian Heshmat , Babaeizad Valiollah , Denman Sandra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDecline diseases of forest trees are complex syndromes not attributable to single causal factors. In Iran, symptoms of decline disease have been observed in a number of native forest species including Quercus castaneifolia (chestnut‐leaved oak), Q. brantii (Persian oak) and Carpinus betulus (hornbeam). The symptoms are prevalent in the northern forests and the Zagros mountain forests. There are parallels between the disease in Iran and acute oak decline (AOD) reported in the UK, specifically the presence of weeping cankers, which have been attributed to a polybacterial complex wherein Brenneria goodwinii is considered a key necrogen. Based on the AOD symptomatology, and as a first step towards discovering potential causal agents of the stem weeping symptoms of affected trees in Iran, necrotic tissues were tested primarily for the presence of B. goodwinii. Symptomatic Q. castaneifolia and C. betulus from the Mazandaran Province and symptomatic Q. brantii from Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province were sampled. Isolation and culture on a selective medium yielded uniform bacterial colonies. Isolates were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic (DNA sequencing) tests. The isolates were phenotypically identical to members of Pectobacteriaceae and Yersiniaceae, specifically Brenneria and Rahnella spp. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes gyrB, infB and atpD (MLSA) amplified via PCR demonstrated that the isolates from the trees in Iran were indeed B. goodwinii, B. roseae subsp. roseae, Rahnella victoriana and an unknown species of Brenneria. Most bacteria isolated from non‐symptomatic trees were Gram‐positive, and Pseudomonas spp. were dominant, but bacterial species isolated from the diseased trees were not detected in healthy trees. Hypersensitivity response tests were positive, but inoculation on saplings was more variable with internal necrosis developing only once in the test period. Therefore, further testing is required. This is the first report of the incidence of B. goodwinii, B. roseae subsp. roseae, R. victoriana and Brenneria sp. associated with acute oak decline‐like symptoms on Q. castaneifolia, Q. brantii and C. betulus across the western forests of Iran and in the world.
Common oral diseases, hyposalivation and survival post‐HSCT, a longitudinal study
Authors: Uutela Pauliina , Passweg Jakob , Halter Jörg , Gerull Sabine , Weiger Roland , Mauramo Elina , Waltimo Tuomas , Mauramo Matti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are at risk of side effects within the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to examine progression of common oral diseases and hyposalivation and their associations with survival in allogeneic HSCT recipients.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty nine adult HSCT recipients treated with HSCT between 2008 and 2016 were included in this study. The associations of caries, decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, radiological attachment loss and stimulated salivary flow rate with 6‐month survival and the progression of the oral disorders within 2 years were examined.ResultsForty HSCT recipients (14.8%) deceased within 6 months post‐HSCT. Among the deceased recipients, hyposalivation and caries were more common pre‐HSCT than in recipients who survived over 6 months (P < 0.05). HSCT recipients with hyposalivation pre‐HSCT had higher risk of death (HR: 1.90, 95% CI:1.00‐3.60; P = 0.044) within 6 months post‐HSCT compared with recipients without hyposalivation. Hyposalivation pre‐HSCT was associated with a higher DMFT index score (P < 0.05) and a smaller number of teeth (P < 0.005) 24 months post‐HSCT in comparison with those without hyposalivation.ConclusionsHyposalivation and caries were associated with a lower rate of survival in HSCT recipients. Additionally, hyposalivation predisposed to deterioration of oral health post‐HSCT.
Lamivudine‐based maintenance antiretroviral therapies in patients living with HIV‐1 with suppressed HIV RNA: derivation of a predictive score for virological failure
Authors: Borghetti A , Moschese D , Cingolani A , Baldin G , Speziale D , Ciccullo A , Lombardi F , Emiliozzi A , Belmonti S , Antinori A , Cauda R , Di Giambenedetto S 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTwo‐drug antiretroviral regimens based on lamivudine (3TC) plus either a protease inhibitor (PI) or dolutegravir (DTG) are becoming increasingly popular in switch strategies. Our goal was to derive a predictive score for virological failure (VF).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data for a cohort of 587 virologically suppressed (HIV RNA < 37 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL), adult (≥ 18 years old) patients starting lamivudine plus either a boosted PI or dolutegravir. Predictors of VF (defined as a single HIV RNA measurement ≥ 1000 copies/mL or two consecutive HIV RNA measurements ≥ 50 copies/mL) were identified using a multivariate Cox regression model. A ‘weighted’ score was assigned to each variable associated with VF; the discriminative power of the score obtained was expressed as the area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve (ROC‐AUC).ResultsDuring a median 2 years of follow‐up time, 35 VFs occurred; predictors of VF were baseline residual HIV RNA between 20 and 36 copies/mL, African ethnicity, ≥ 10 therapeutic lines, the presence of at least one resistance‐associated mutation (RAM) for resistance to current drugs (excluding M184V), a non‐B viral subtype and a baseline CD4 count < 200 cells/μL. A score of 2 was assigned to non‐B viral subtype, 3 to residual viraemia ≥ 20 copies/mL, ≥ 10 previous therapeutic lines and African ethnicity, 4 to baseline CD4 count < 200 cells/μL, and 7 to the presence of at least one RAM (excluding M184V). The ROC‐AUC was 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.57–0.77).ConclusionsThe presence of at least one RAM, higher residual viraemia and African ethnicity were among the major predictors of VF in our cohort. Studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to improve the predictive value of the derived score.
The health‐related quality of life of nursing workers: A cross‐sectional study in medical institutions
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Kong Jingxia , Song Jisu , Li Lu , Wang Hongmei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the health‐related quality of life of nursing workers and influential factors.BackgroundNursing workers are under great occupational stress. However, few population‐level studies of nursing workers' health conditions have been reported from China.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted in 12 medical institutions in east China between January and March 2015.MethodsSocial‐demographic information, nursing workers' work‐related information and health‐related quality of life using the Chinese (mainland) version of the Short Form 36 health survey were collected by a self‐administrated questionnaire.ResultsNursing workers reported significantly lower scores of the vitality, mental health dimensions, and mental component summary of the Short Form 36 survey compared with general population reference values. They scored significantly higher for five other dimensions and comparably for the physical role dimension. Pre‐job training, families' positive attitudes to their job, and good relationships with clients were positively related with nursing workers' mental well‐being.ConclusionTo promote nursing workers' mental health, compulsory work‐related training, voluntary psychological counselling, and targeted legislation are needed.
‘There is no progression in prevention’ – The experiences of mental health nurses working with repeated self‐harm
Authors: Murphy Caroline , Keogh Brian , Doyle Louise 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCaring for people who self‐harm is an everyday experience for mental health nurses and an important part of their role. How mental health nurses respond to and support those who self‐harm can have a significant impact on the outcomes for service users and their intentions to seek help in the future. Repeated self‐harm can be a particularly challenging phenomenon as it is often misunderstood and can have a negative impact on the therapeutic relationship. This qualitative descriptive study aims to explore how mental health nurses understand and work with repeated self‐harm. Nine nurses working in a range of mental health settings within one service participated in semi‐structured interviews which were analysed thematically. Findings are presented in two themes exploring participants’ perceptions and understanding of repeated self‐harm, and the process of learning to work with repeated self‐harm, and are reported in accordance with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines (COREQ). Participants reported that nursing practice relating to repeated self‐harm remains largely focused on maintenance of safety and prevention of self‐harm despite the identification that this often does not work. It was accepted that there is sometimes a lack of understanding about the function of self‐harm; however, participants reported understanding increased following specific education about self‐harm. Participants also identified the potential for more empowering and recovery‐orientated responses, including the utilization of harm reduction approaches, to the care of those who repeatedly self‐harm.
Pancreatic fat is related to the longitudinal decrease in the increment of C‐peptide in glucagon stimulation test in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Ishibashi Chisaki , Kozawa Junji , Hosakawa Yoshiya , Yoneda Sho , Kimura Takekazu , Fujita Yukari , Fukui Kenji , Iwahashi Hiromi , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe relationship between pancreatic fatty infiltration and diabetes is widely known, whereas the causal relationship is not clear. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether pathogenesis of pancreatic fat is similar to that of liver fat. We aimed to clarify the contribution of this type of fat to glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes patients by cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses.Material and MethodsA total of 56 patients with type 2 diabetes who had been hospitalized twice were analyzed. We evaluated the mean computed tomography values of the pancreas (P), liver (L) and spleen (S). Lower computed tomography values indicate a greater fat content. We defined indices of pancreatic or liver fat content as the differences between P or L and S. We assessed the associations among fat content for the two organs (P‐S, L‐S) and clinical parameters at the first hospitalization, and then analyzed the associations between these fat contents and changes in glycometabolic markers (the second data values minus the first).ResultsIn the cross‐sectional study, P‐S negatively correlated with the increment of C‐peptide in the glucagon stimulation test (r = −0.71, P < 0.0001) and body mass index (r = −0.28, P = 0.034). L‐S negatively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.73, P < 0.0001), body mass index (r = −0.62, P < 0.0001) and some other obesity‐related indicators, but not with the increment of C‐peptide in the glucagon stimulation test. In the longitudinal study, P‐S positively correlated with the change of the increment of C‐peptide in the glucagon stimulation test (r = 0.49, P = 0.021).ConclusionsIn type 2 diabetes patients, pancreatic fat was less associated with obesity‐related indicators than liver fat, but was more strongly associated with the longitudinal decrease in endogenous insulin‐secreting capacity.
Renibacterium salmoninarum iron‐acquisition mechanisms and ASK cell line infection: Virulence and immune response
Authors: Bethke Jorn , Arias‐Muñoz Eloisa , Yáñez Alejandro , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRenibacterium salmoninarum is the aetiological agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid farms. This pathogen possesses at least three iron‐acquisition mechanisms, but the link between these mechanisms and virulence is unclear. Therefore, this study used RT‐qPCR to assess the effects of normal and iron‐limited conditions on iron‐uptake genes controlled by IdeR and related to iron acquisition in Chilean R. salmoninarum strain H‐2 and the type strain DSM20767T. Further evaluated was the in vitro immune‐related response of the Atlantic Salmon Kidney (ASK) cell line, derived from the primary organ affected by BKD. R. salmoninarum grown under iron‐limited conditions overexpressed genes involved in haemin uptake and siderophore transport, with overexpression significantly higher in H‐2 than DSM20767T. These overexpressed genes resulted in higher cytotoxicity and an increased immune response (i.e., TNF‐α, IL‐1β, TLR1 and INF‐γ) in the ASK cell line. This response was significantly higher against bacteria grown under iron‐limited conditions, especially H‐2. These observations indicate that iron‐acquisition mechanisms are possibly highly related to the virulence and pathogenic capacity of R. salmoninarum. In conclusion, treatments that block iron‐uptake mechanisms or siderophore synthesis are attractive therapeutic approaches for treating R. salmoninarum, which causes significant aquaculture losses.
Impact of acid straightener's pH value in the hair fiber properties
Authors: Goshiyama Alessandra Mari , Dario Michelli Ferrera , Lima Cibele Rosana Ribeiro de Castro , de Araújo Gabriel Lima Barros , Baby André Rolim , Velasco Maria Valéria Robles 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcid straightener products are widely used, and it can cause changes in the hair shaft properties. The pH value of these products established by ANVISA (Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency) as secure is above 2.0. However, the industries are interested in working at lower pH values in order to increase the straightening effect. Unfortunately, there are a lot of products in the market with pH value under the permitted.ObjectiveAnalyze two different pH values (1.0 and 2.0) of acid straightener formulation and the influence of this difference in the hair shaft properties. In order to provide information to professionals as cosmetologists, dermatologists, and hairdressers.MethodsCombing and colorimetric analyses, tensile strength, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), and tryptophan content.ResultsThe tresses treated at pH 1.0 had a better result in the straightening capacity, improving the combing test in 59.4%, while those at pH 2.0, only in 33.0% compared with virgin hair. However, the tensile strength, at pH 1.0 decreased by 16.0% and 9.0% to the pH 2.0. In addition, the tryptophan content was lower in the tresses treated with formulation at pH 1.0. The DSC analysis showed impairment in the straightened tresses. The images by ESEM, indicated a possible formation of a film around the fiber.ConclusionsIt was possible to conclude that the pH value interferes in the hair shaft properties. Tresses treated with pH 1.0 had more modifications than tresses treated with pH 2.0.
The extent to which adequacy of staffing predicts nursing teamwork in hospitals
Authors: Bragadóttir Helga , Kalisch Beatrice J. , Bergthóra Tryggvadóttir Gudný 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which staffing adequacy predicts nursing teamwork, controlling for demographic and background variables.BackgroundFindings from former studies indicate that hospital, unit and staff characteristics may be related to nursing teamwork, such as type of hospital and unit, role, gender, age, work experience, type of shift worked, shift length, number of working hours per week, overtime and staffing adequacy. Teamwork as well as staffing is identified as significant contributors to patient and staff safety in hospitals. However, the contribution of staffing to the quality of nursing teamwork is scarcely studied.DesignThis was a quantitative descriptive cross‐sectional study using the paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire Nursing Teamwork Survey‐Icelandic.MethodsThe study was conducted in 27 inpatient units in eight hospitals in Iceland with a sample of 925 nursing staff members. Participants were 567 registered nurses, practical nurses, unit secretaries and nurse unit managers. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was used for this paper.ResultsWhen controlling for unit type, role, experience on current unit and intent to leave, perceived adequacy of staffing alone explains up to 10% of overall teamwork. Unit type, role, years of experience on current unit and perceived staffing adequacy correlated significantly with overall teamwork.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that unit and staff characteristics, including perceived adequacy of staffing, are associated with and explain the variability in nursing teamwork on inpatient hospital units. The findings of this study provide important information for clinical nurses, nurse managers, policymakers and instructors in health care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings underline the importance of adequate staffing for nursing teamwork in inpatient hospital units.