bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of face mask therapy on mandibular rotation considering initial and final vertical growth pattern: A longitudinal study
Authors: Salazar Liseth , Piedrahita Melissa , Álvarez Emery , Santamaría Adriana , Manrique Ruben , Oliveira Junior Osmir Batista 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of maxillary protraction with facemask therapy on mandibular rotation taking into account the initial and final vertical growth pattern of each participant in order to evaluate our null hypothesis: The use of facemask in these patients does not modify their initial vertical growth pattern.Material and MethodsA prospective single cohort study included children with Class III malocclusion treated with rapid palatal expansion and maxillary protraction with facemask. Cephalograms were taken before commencement and after completion of the facemask therapy with standardized equipment and magnification. Intraindividual cephalometric measurements were compared, and the vertical growth patterns were classified according to cephalometric standards. Potential changes in vertical growth pattern before and after completion of the facemask therapy was assessed by measuring Pearson's chi‐square and by multiple correspondence analysis.ResultsThirty‐eight study participants were recruited, aged between 5.2 to 9.5 years (mean 7.5) at the commencement of facemask therapy, which lasted on average 1.6 years. Differences on pretherapy and posttherapy cephalograms were seen for linear rotational and sagittal measurements (p < .01) as well as angular measurements of the cranial base, including an average palatal plane rotation of 0.45° (standard deviation: 1.78) and an average mandibular rotation of 0.39° (standard deviation: 2.19). The majority of participants maintained their initial vertical growth pattern after facemask therapy according to the multiple correspondence analysis (p < .001).ConclusionFacemask therapy does not modify vertical growth pattern. The observed changes suggest a trend of maintaining each patient's initial growth direction after therapy.
Do board characteristics affect environmental performance? A study of EU firms
Authors: García Martín C. José , Herrero Begoña 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between board characteristics and environmental performance. We adopt a triple perspective of environmental performance, focussing on emissions (waste and CO2), resource consumption (water and energy), and the implementation of environmental initiatives. The sample comprises 644 nonfinancial European Union–based companies. The data cover the period 2002 to 2017. The results confirm that gender diversity and the existence of a corporate social responsibility committee are positively associated with the firms' environmental performance. This finding is consistent with the view that the educational background, talent, and experience of women help promote sustainable environmental initiatives. The existence of a corporate social responsibility committee reflects a company's commitment to sustainable development.
Performance analysis of secure communications over correlated slow‐fading additive white Gaussian noise channels
Authors: Khodadoust Ali Mohammad , Khodadoust Javad , Irshad Azeem , Chaudhry Shehzad Ashraf 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe broadcast nature of communications in wireless communication networks makes it vulnerable to some attacks, particularly eavesdrop attack. Hence, information security can have a key role to protect privacy and avoid identity theft in these networks, especially in distributed networks. In the wireless systems, the signal propagation is affected by path loss, slow fading (shadowing), and fast fading (multi‐path fading). As we know, there is a correlation between communication channels in the real radio environments. This correlation is defined by the correlation between their shadowing and/or multipath fading factors. So when there are several channels in the wireless systems, there is certainly a correlation between the channels. In this paper, we assume that the transmitter knows the full channel state information (CSI), it means the transmitter knows both the channel gains of the illegitimate (ie, eavesdropper) and the legitimate receivers and study the performance of secure communications of single‐input single‐output (SISO) systems consisting of single antenna devices, in the presence of a single antenna passive eavesdropper over correlated slow fading channels, where the main (transmitter to legitimate receiver) and eavesdropper (transmitter to illegitimate receiver) channels are correlated. Finally, we present numerical results and verify the accuracy of our analysis by Monte‐Carlo simulations.
Land‐use and climatic causes of environmental novelty in Wisconsin since 1890
Authors: Williams John W. , Burke Kevin D. , Crossley Michael S. , Grant Daniel A. , Radeloff Volker C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultiple global change drivers are increasing the present and future novelty of environments and ecological communities. However, most assessments of environmental novelty have focused only on future climate and were conducted at scales too broad to be useful for land management or conservation. Here, using historical county‐level data sets of agricultural land use, forest composition, and climate, we conduct a regional‐scale assessment of environmental novelty for Wisconsin landscapes from ca. 1890 to 2012. Agricultural land‐use data include six cropland types, livestock densities for four livestock species, and human populations. Forestry data comprise biomass‐weighted relative abundances for 15 tree genera. Climate data comprise seasonal means for temperature and precipitation. We found that forestry and land use are the strongest cause of environmental novelty (NoveltyForest = 3.66, NoveltyAg = 2.83, NoveltyClimate = 1.60, with Wisconsin's forests transformed by early 20th‐century logging and its legacies and multiple waves of agricultural innovation and obsolescence. Climate change is the smallest contributor to contemporary novelty, with precipitation signals stronger than temperature. Magnitudes and causes of environmental novelty are strongly spatially patterned, with novelty in southern Wisconsin roughly twice that in northern Wisconsin. Forestry is the most important cause of novelty in the north, land use and climate change are jointly important in the southwestern Wisconsin, and land use and forest composition are most important in central and eastern Wisconsin. Areas of high regional novelty tend also to be areas of high local change, but local change has not pushed all counties beyond regional baselines. Seven counties serve as the best historical analogues for over one‐half of contemporary Wisconsin counties (40/72), and so can offer useful historical counterparts for contemporary systems and help managers coordinate to tackle similar environmental challenges. Multi‐dimensional environmental novelty analyses, like those presented here, can help identify the best historical analogues for contemporary ecosystems, places where new management rules and practices may be needed because novelty is already high, and the main causes of novelty. Separating regional novelty clearly from local change and measuring both across many dimensions and at multiple scales thus helps advance ecology and sustainability science alike.
Influence of an abscisic acid (ABA) seed coating on seed germination rate and timing of Bluebunch Wheatgrass
Authors: Richardson William C. , Badrakh Turmandakh , Roundy Bruce A. , Aanderud Zackary T. , Petersen Steven L. , Allen Phil S. , Whitaker Dallin R. , Madsen Matthew D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSemi‐arid rangeland degradation is a reoccurring issue throughout the world. In the Great Basin of North America, seeds sown in the fall to restore degraded sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) steppe plant communities may experience high mortality in winter due to exposure of seedlings to freezing temperatures and other stressors. Delaying germination until early spring when conditions are more suitable for growth may increase survival. We evaluated the use of BioNik™ (Valent BioSciences LLC) abscisic acid (ABA) to delay germination of bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). Seed was either left untreated or coated at five separate rates of ABA ranging from 0.25 to 6.0 g 100 g−1 of seed. Seeds were incubated at five separate constant temperatures from 5 to 25°C. From the resultant germination data, we developed quadratic thermal accumulation models for each treatment and applied them to 4 years of historic soil moisture and temperature data across six sagebrush steppe sites to predict germination timing. Total germination percentage remained similar across all temperatures except at 25°C, where high ABA rates had slightly lower values. All ABA doses delayed germination, with the greatest delays at 5–10°C. For example, the time required for 50% of the seeds to germinate at 5°C was increased by 16–46 d, depending on the amount of ABA applied. Seed germination models predicted that the majority of untreated seed would germinate 5–11 weeks after a 15 October simulated planting date. In contrast, seeds treated with ABA were predicted to delay germination to late winter or early spring. These results indicate that ABA coatings may delay germination of fall planted seed until conditions are more suitable for plant survival and growth.
Genetic diversity, admixture, and hatchery influence in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) throughout western New York State
Authors: Beer Stephanie Dowell , Cornett Scott , Austerman Peter , Trometer Betsy , Hoffman Thomas , Bartron Meredith L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough Brook Trout are distributed across most of eastern North America, population numbers have declined in many regions due to habitat loss, climate change, and competition with non‐native species. In New York State, Brook Trout habitat has been substantially reduced, with many areas showing complete extirpation of Brook Trout populations, predominantly in the western portion of the state. Small, fragmented populations are at risk of genetic diversity loss, inbreeding depression, and reduced fitness, leading to a greater potential for local extirpation. Genetic monitoring is a practical tool that can facilitate further conservation‐decision making regarding small populations. In this study, we used 12 microsatellite loci to examine 3,436 sampled Brook Trout, representing 75 sites from the Allegheny, Erie/Niagara, Genesee, Oswego, Lake Ontario, and Susquehanna drainage basins throughout western New York State. Three Brook Trout hatchery strains were also genetically characterized to evaluate the degree of hatchery introgression between wild populations and hatchery strains stocked in the region. Overall, estimates of genetic diversity varied widely: Allelic richness ranged from 2.23 to 7.485, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.402 to 0.766. As observed for Brook Trout in other regions, we found a high degree of genetic differentiation among populations, with all comparisons except one showing significant FST values. Hatchery introgression was found to be minimal, with estimates ranging from 1.96% to 3.10% of wild individuals exhibiting membership proportions to a hatchery strain cluster exceeding 10% (q ≥ 0.10). Results from this investigation can be used to prioritize management efforts for Brook Trout in western New York State and act as a baseline to monitor future population trends.
The effect of neutral electrolyzed water as a disinfectant of eggshells artificially contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Rivera‐Garcia Andres , Santos‐Ferro Liliana , Ramirez‐Orejel Juan C. , Agredano‐Moreno Lourdes T. , Jimenez‐Garcia Luis F. , Paez‐Esquiliano David , Andrade‐Esquivel Eduardo , Cano‐Buendia Jose A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeutral electrolyzed water (NEW) was tested as a disinfectant against Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of table eggs. Eggs were collected from a single Bovans White flock and were exposed to L. monocytogenes. Artificially contaminated eggs were divided into three different treatment groups: NEW, 2% citric acid solution (CAS), and saline solution (SS). To evaluate the bactericidal effect, the Mexican norm for antimicrobial activity determination protocol was performed. The observed bactericidal effect was compared against those obtained from CAS and SS. Bacterial cells present on the eggshells were quantified. NEW exhibited a significantly higher bactericidal effect than CAS when evaluated on the surfaces of chicken eggshells (6.11 log10CFU/ml reduction in vitro and a 2.18 log10 CFU/egg reduction on eggs vs. 1.06 log10CFU/ml in vitro reduction and 1.74 log10CFU/egg). Additionally, CAS was found to react with the carbonate egg shield, resulting in a loss of cuticle integrity. Mineral content of NEW‐treated eggshells was similar to SS‐treated eggshells; however, CAS‐treated eggshells showed a significant decrease in phosphorous concentration compared to NEW treatment. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of NEW and CAS on the integrity of the L. monocytogenes wall using transmission electron microscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of NEW against L. monocytogenes on eggshells. Our results show that NEW is a viable alternative solution for the disinfection of table eggs that does not affect the cuticle or shell.
Effects of distribution of sugars and organic acids on the taste of strawberries
Authors: Ikegaya Atsushi , Toyoizumi Tomoyasu , Ohba Seiji , Nakajima Teruko , Kawata Tomoaki , Ito Seiko , Arai Eiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe concentrations of sugars and organic acids as well as the total soluble solid (TSS) in different parts of the strawberry fruit were characterized. The data were used to create simulated fruit juice jellies, in order to clarify how the sugar and organic acid levels affect the taste. Such an approach eliminates the influence of external factors such as size, color, and texture when using real fruits in sensory evaluations. Further, the use of a jelly allowed us to simulate the concentration differences between various parts of the fruit. In the strawberry fruit, the sugar content is higher in the apex than in the peduncle; however, the level of organic acids is the same throughout. It was revealed that the sweetness and sourness in the apex and peduncle could be sufficiently recognized by humans as tastes. Also, a layered jelly sample replicating the sugar and acid distribution in real strawberry was perceived as less sweet and more sour, compared to a homogeneous one with the same overall composition. The likely reason is that the sourness in the peduncle is accentuated by the low TSS level, which decreases the TSS/total organic acid ratio that affects the sweetness/sour perceptions. Based on these results, factors for the appropriate sensory evaluation of fresh fruits in general were considered. Specifically, the distribution of sugars and organic acids in the fruit should be analyzed first, and bite‐sized parts with concentrations close to the average provide the most accurate evaluation results.
The effects of dietary cottonseed meal and oil supplementation on laying performance and egg quality of laying hens
Authors: Mu Yang , Zhu Luo‐Yi , Yang Ao , Gao Xin , Zhang Niya , Sun Lvhui , Qi Desheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCottonseed meal (CSM) and cottonseed oil (CSO), two cottonseed products, are rich in protein and lipids, respectively, but their use is limited by antinutritional factors in the products. This study investigated the effect of different dietary levels of CSM and CSO supplementation on the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 162 24‐week‐old Hy‐Line brown laying hens were randomly assigned to diets supplemented with 0, 6%, or 12% CSM and 0, 2%, or 4% CSO in a 3 × 3 factorial design. During the 8‐week feeding trial, laying performance and egg quality parameters were measured weekly. Furthermore, a texture profile analysis (TPA) of the egg yolks was conducted, and the fatty acid profiles and protein composition of the yolks were measured to further determine egg quality. CSM supplementation decreased (p < 0.01) egg production and feed efficiency and increased (p < 0.01) yolk color, eggshell rate, and shell thickness, but had no significant effects on the TPA parameters, fatty acid profiles, and protein components of egg yolks. CSO supplementation resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in egg production, egg weight, and feed efficiency and an increase (p < 0.01) in yolk color. In addition, CSO supplementation with two weeks of cold storage changed the physical properties of boiled egg yolks, as indicated by increased (p < 0.01) hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Furthermore, 4% CSO supplementation increased the ratio of saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids (SAFA/MUFA) and the protein content of egg yolks, which was accompanied by a modified protein composition. These results indicate that CSM supplementation reduces laying performance and egg quality, and CSO supplementation decreases laying performance and results in egg yolk hardening by modifying its components.
Reaction Mechanism and Impact of Microstructure on Performances for the LSCF‐CGO Composite Electrode in Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Effori E. , Moussaoui H. , Monaco F. , Sharma R. K. , Debayle J. , Gavet Y. , Delette G. , Si Larbi G. , Siebert E. , Vulliet J. , Dessemond L. , Laurencin J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe reaction mechanism and the impact of microstructure on performances for a porous LSCF‐CGO composite used as O2 electrode in SOCs have been investigated. For this purpose, an integrated approach coupling (i) electrochemical testing, (ii) advanced 3D characterizations, and (iii) modeling was proposed. In this frame, a symmetrical cell was tested in a three‐electrode setup and the microstructure of the LSCF‐CGO working electrode was reconstructed by FIB‐SEM tomography. The experimental polarization curves and the impedance diagrams along with the extracted microstructural parameters were used to validate an in‐house microscale electrochemical model. This model considers two parallel reaction pathways with (i) an oxidation/reduction at TPBls (surface path) and (ii) an oxygen transfer at the gas/LSCF interface (bulk path). It was shown that the LSCF‐CGO electrode reaction mechanism is mostly controlled by the charge transfer at TPBls whatever the polarization. Finally, the impact of electrode composition, porosity and particles size on the cell polarization resistance was investigated by using the electrochemical model in combination with a large dataset of synthetic microstructures generated by a geometrical stochastic model. The effect of each microstructural parameter on the electrode performance was analyzed in order to provide useful guidelines for the cell manufacturing.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prognostic factors for remission in fertility‐sparing management of endometrial atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Guillon Sarah , Popescu Nathalie , Phelippeau Juliette , Koskas Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia are rare in young women but create a dilemma between desire for pregnancy and oncologic outcomes.ObjectiveTo identify remission rates and associated prognostic factors in patients undergoing fertility‐sparing management for endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia.Search strategyMEDLINE was searched for studies published between January 1, 1950 and July 31, 2017 using various search terms.Selection criteriaStudies evaluating fertility‐sparing management in patients aged between 19 and 44 years with atypical hyperplasia or stage I endometrial cancer.Data collection and analysisUse of PRISMA guidelines to conduct a meta‐analysis of the proportion of patients in remission and meta‐regression analysis to test the effect of possible prognostic factors for remission.Main resultsA total of 3673 studies were screened; 65 studies including 1604 patients met the inclusion criteria. The remission rate was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73–0.77). Operative hysteroscopy for endometrial sampling was associated with higher remission rates (OR 2.31; 95% CI, 1.10–4.84; P=0.03). Studies with higher ratios of infertile women were associated with higher remission rates (OR 4.21; 95% CI, 1.44–12.33; P<0.01).ConclusionOperative hysteroscopy is the preferred endometrial sampling method for patients with atypical hyperplasia or endometrial cancer undergoing fertility‐sparing management.
Quantitative evaluation on 3D fetus morphology via X‐ray grating based imaging technique
Authors: Ji Xuewen , Liu Huiqiang , Xing Yan , Xue Yanling 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSynchrotron‐based X‐ray phase sensitive micro‐tomography techniques enable to visualize detailed three‐dimensional (3D) insight into nondestructive inner‐structure of biomedical samples. Different phase sensitive mechanisms have been employed for discrimination of tissue's tiny density variations in biomedical research. We effectively visualized and analyzed the phase‐contrast experimental results of X‐ray grating‐based imaging, based on grating interferometry with phase stepping, by using transgenic mouse fetus. We quantitatively measured and evaluated the contrast‐to‐noise ratio or the mass density resolution, spatial resolution, radiation dose, and figure of merit of X‐ray grating‐based imaging technique in biomedical research respectively. Moreover, the complex coherent degrees of light source were duly taken into account in the analysis of spatial resolution. In addition, the mass density distribution of soft biomedical specimens can be estimated using our presented method preliminarily. For most soft tissue and organ observation, this work provides explicit guidelines to help future synchrotron users obtain the quantitative image information, suitable for their specific biomedical research.
Design, synthesis, and antilung adenocarcinoma activity research of novel paeonol Schiff base derivatives containing a 1,2,3‐triazole moiety
Authors: Jiang Yuqin , Li Yanyan , Yang Tingting , Shi Xin , Suo Huajun , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Guiqing , Li Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new series of paeonol Schiff base derivatives containing a 1,2,3‐triazole moiety were synthesized using the copper(I) catalyzed azide‐alkynecycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and evaluated for their cytotoxicity in vitro against human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, human lung cancer A549 cells, and human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Unfortunately, all the tested compounds showed poor activities toward the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and human liver cancer HepG2 cells. However, compounds (E)‐2‐(1‐(((1‐[2‐fluorophenyl]‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)imino)ethyl)‐5‐methoxyphenol (4c) and (E)‐2‐(1‐(((1‐[3‐ chlorophenyl]‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)imino)ethyl)‐5‐methoxyphenol (4i) exhibited inhibitory activities toward human lung cancer A549 cells (IC50 = 45.1 μM for 4c and 78.9 μM for 4i) compared with that of paeonol, which indicated that such paeonol Schiff base derivatives containing a 1,2,3‐triazole moiety could be further modified to obtain good cytotoxicity in vitro against human lung cancer A549 cells.