bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exiting distressed neighbourhoods: The timing of spatial assimilation among international migrants in Sweden
Authors: Vogiazides Louisa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDifferent theoretical frameworks offer competing explanations for the settlement patterns and residential mobility of international migrants. Some highlight migrants' neighbourhood preferences, whereas others emphasise structural constraints in the housing market. This paper aims to test three theories on migrants' socio‐spatial mobility—the theories of spatial assimilation, place stratification, and ethnic preference—by investigating the extent to which migrants move away from distressed immigrant‐dense neighbourhoods in the Swedish cities of Stockholm and Malmö, as well as the timing of that mobility. Applying discrete‐time event history analysis to unique Swedish longitudinal register data, the paper reveals considerable differences in the residential mobility patterns between migrant groups and between the two cities. It also finds that newly arrived migrants are more likely to move away from distressed areas compared with long‐established ones. These results cast doubt on the spatial assimilation theory, indicating evidence for the place stratification theory. The paper contributes to an enhanced understanding of the determinants of residential segregation in Swedish metropolitan areas.
Tailoring the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Film by Structural Engineering
Authors: Wang Nan , Samani Majid Kabiri , Li Hu , Dong Lan , Zhang Zhongwei , Su Peng , Chen Shujing , Chen Jie , Huang Shirong , Yuan Guangjie , Xu Xiangfan , Li Baowen , Leifer Klaus , Ye Lilei , Liu Johan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDue to substantial phonon scattering induced by various structural defects, the in‐plane thermal conductivity (K) of graphene films (GFs) is still inferior to the commercial pyrolytic graphite sheet (PGS). Here, the problem is solved by engineering the structures of GFs in the aspects of grain size, film alignment, and thickness, and interlayer binding energy. The maximum K of GFs reaches to 3200 W m−1 K−1 and outperforms PGS by 60%. The superior K of GFs is strongly related to its large and intact grains, which are over four times larger than the best PGS. The large smooth features about 11 µm and good layer alignment of GFs also benefit on reducing phonon scattering induced by wrinkles/defects. In addition, the presence of substantial turbostratic‐stacking graphene is found up to 37% in thin GFs. The lacking of order in turbostratic‐stacking graphene leads to very weak interlayer binding energy, which can significantly decrease the phonon interfacial scattering. The GFs also demonstrate excellent flexibility and high tensile strength, which is about three times higher than PGS. Therefore, GFs with optimized structures and properties show great potentials in thermal management of form‐factor‐driven electronics and other high‐power‐driven systems.
Methodologies for fatigue assessment of offshore wind turbines considering scattering environmental conditions and the uncertainty due to finite sampling
Authors: Hübler Clemens , Gebhardt Cristian G. , Rolfes Raimund 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor substructures of offshore wind turbines, the fatigue limit state is in most cases a decisive design factor. However, to calculate the fatigue lifetime of wind turbines, numerous time domain simulations for different load cases with changing environmental conditions are necessary. According to the state of the art, wind speed bins (of 2 m s−1) are employed, while keeping all other environmental states constant. However, assuming constant parameters in each wind speed bin is an unfounded simplification. Therefore, in this study, methodologies for fatigue assessment considering scattering environmental conditions are investigated by assuming statistical distributions for environmental conditions for all wind speeds that are derived using real data measured at the North Sea research platform FINO3. These statistical distributions are used to conduct time domain simulations of an OC3 monopile—with a 5‐MW wind turbine—using the aero‐servo‐hydro‐elastic simulation framework FAST. The fatigue lifetime is calculated, and its uncertainty due to finite sampling is assessed. It is shown that if scattering environmental states in each wind speed bin are applied, the uncertainty due to finite sampling is significant. Furthermore, only some wind speed bins contribute to the overall fatigue damage. Based on these findings, in a last step, different Monte Carlo sampling concepts are investigated to reduce the number of simulations needed to calculate the fatigue lifetime with a defined uncertainty. By combining several wind speed bins and by sampling according to the damage distribution, it is proved that the number of simulations can be reduced by more than 30% without increasing the uncertainty.
Vibrations and chemical states of iron ions in soda‐lime glasses determined by element‐specific X‐ray analyses
Authors: Okada Kyoko , Nagashima Yukihito , Shiraki Koichi , Kageyama Hiroki , Ofuchi Hironori , Yoda Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Umesaki Norimasa , Sakurai Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2018

We systematically study medium‐range structures including more than three neighboring atoms around iron ions (Fe2+ and Fe3+) in soda‐lime glass samples with low iron oxide concentrations (MFe2O3) and a wide number ratio of Fe2+ to all iron ions (Fe2+/ΣnFe). The precise medium‐range structures around iron ions in glass have not yet been revealed because of a lack of the appropriate measurement methods. To avoid this problem, we used element‐specific nuclear resonant inelastic scattering (NRIS) with synchrotron X‐rays to observe the vibrations of iron ions (57Fe). The vibrations are related to medium‐range structures with more than three neighboring atoms and to the potential asymmetry and the coordination environment, around iron ions. The NRIS method has high sensitivity and can measure over a wide concentration range. Linear combination fitting of the X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra, which measures only the first neighbors but is a faster than using the NRIS method, was also used additionally. A systematically produced set of glasses with 0.015–5 wt% MFe2O3 and 0–0.85 Fe2+/ΣnFe was measured with these methods. It was found that the soda‐lime glass possessed two different medium‐range structures with different iron ion valences (~2+ or ~3+), which were determined by the Fe2+/ΣnFe, and that these structures were generated during production of the glass. Moreover, these medium‐range structures were the same from 0.015 to 5 wt% MFe2O3.
Holographic Floquet states II: Floquet condensation of vector mesons in nonequilibrium phase diagram
Authors: Kinoshita Shunichiro , Murata Keiju , Oka Takashi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

With the aim to reveal universal features of hadronic matter and correlated Dirac insulators in strong AC-electric fields, we study the

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

supersymmetric QCD with a finite quark mass driven by a rotating electric field ℰ
x
+ iℰ
y
= ℰe

iΩt
. The analysis is done in the holographically dual D3/D7 system in the co-rotating frame, effectively. The nonequilibrium phase diagram is determined from the threshold electric field at which the insulator phase breaks down to a conductive phase due to the AC version of the Schwinger mechanism. The external field induces a rotating current

$$ {\mathcal{J}}_x+\kern0.62em i{\mathcal{J}}_y=\mathcal{J}{e^i}^{\Omega t} $$

J
x

+

i

J
y

=
J

e
i

Ω
t

originating from vacuum polarization and dissipative current in the insulating and conductive phases respectively. Intriguing features are observed as the frequency Ω approaches resonance with the meson excitation energy Ωmeson. There, the threshold minimizes and a condensate of vector mesons with oscillating current exists even in the zero driving field limit. This state, which we call Floquet condensate of vector mesons, is expected to be dynamically stable realizing a non-thermal fixed point that breaks time translational and reversal symmetries. Our finding has many similarities with exciton BEC discussed in solid state systems, where the semiconductor is to be replaced by materials hosting gapped Dirac electrons, e.g. 3D topological insulators or bismuth. Vector meson Floquet condensate may also have implications in the pre-thermalized dynamics in heavy ion collision experiments.
Transition in Late Quaternary Paleoclimate in Schirmacher Region, East Antarctica as Revealed from Lake Sediments
Authors: Srivastava Hari B. , Shrivastava Prakash K. , Roy Sandip K. , Beg M. Javed , Asthana Rajesh , Govil Pawan , Verma Kamlesh 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The lacustrine sediments are one of the best sources to provide information on climate change, specially in peri-glacial climatic region. Schirmacher Oasis, located on the Princess Astrid Coast in Queen Maud Land, is one of the few areas in East Antarctica that provides valuable information on paleoclimate of the region with various depositional features formed due to deglaciation process. This Oasis is dotted with more than 100 lakes of proglacial, land-locked and epi-shelf type. The multi-proxy sedimentological data, generated from the sediment cores from land-locked lakes and grab sample from a proglacial lake, lying in the same drainage line in the central part of Schirmacher region has provided better insight into the paleoclimatic evolution of the region. The immature and chemically unaltered lake sediments have shown restricted drainage pattern. Different phases of warmer and cooler intervals are highlighted by the patterns of fluctuations in different sedimentological and statistical parameters. The dominance of glacial signatures is very clear on the lake sediments as revealed by the surface textures of quartz grains. Physical weathering has mainly controlled the overall sediments and the composition of clay fraction. The clay minerals indicate a gradual shift in the weathering regime and therewith in climate from strongly glacial to fluvioglacial specially around 42 ka. This indicates beginning of warming of the area much before the LGM. But the warm period is not strong enough to alter the overall clay chemistry. Proxy records indicate short-period climatic oscillations during late Quaternary.
Spatial Potential Analysis of Earthquakes in the Western Himalayas Using b-value and Thrust Association
Authors: Pudi Ramesh , Roy Priyom , Martha Tapas R. , Kumar K. Vinod , Rao P. Rama 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
In this study, we have analysed the spatial variation of b-values (from frequency-magnitude distribution (FMD)) in the western Himalayas as an indicator to demarcate the potential zones of earthquake occurrences. This is done under the acceptance of interpretation that decrease of b-values is correlated with a stress increase in the epicentral region of an approaching earthquake event. In addition to this, the spatial association of the earthquake epicenters with the major thrusts in the region using weights of evidence method, to identify potential zones of earthquake occurrences have also been analysed. Both analyses were carried out using a historical earthquake (Mw&gt; 4) database of the1900-2015 period. Finally, based on the spatial variation of b-values and ‘contrasts’ derived from weights of evidence method (thrust associations), the derived map information was geospatially combined to prepare a “spatial earthquake potential” map of the western Himalayas. This map demarcates the western Himalayas into 3 zones - high, medium and low potential for future earthquake occurrences.
Morphometric Parameters and Neotectorphometric Parameters and Neotectonics of Kalyani River Basin, Ganga Plain: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach
Authors: Kumar Dhirendra , Singh Dhruv Sen , Prajapati Shailendra Kumar , Khan Imran , Gautam Pawan Kumar , Vishawakarma Balkrishan 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The drainage basin of the Kalyani river, a tributary of Gomati river has been mapped and delineated using Survey of India toposheets (1:50,000 scale) and remote sensing satellite data. The digitization, slope map preparation and statistical calculations have been carried out with the help of geographical information system (Arc GIS 10). Kalyani a fifth order river exhibits meandering behavior having 2.45 sinuosity index (SI). The Kalyani river basin has about 1235 km2area with NW-SE sloping trend. The total number of first, second, third, and fourth order streams are 373, 71, 12 and 2 respectively, showing dominance of first order streams in the basin. The mean bifurcation ratio (Rb) of the entire basin is 4.8, which indicates that the drainage is not much influenced by geological structures and exhibits dendritic drainage pattern. Relief ratio (Rr) indicates low to medium surface run-off, and low stream power for erosion. The analysis of river bank height ‘r’ (escarpment) and longitudinal profile of the river closely reveals neotectonic activity at some locations in the basin. To prepare a comprehensive watershed development and management plan, it is important to understand the topography and drainage characteristics of the region.
Measurement of Radon Concentration in Drinking Water in Bhiwani District of Haryana
Authors: Duggal Vikas , Sharma Samriti , Srivastava Ajay Kumar , Mehra Rohit 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
This investigation aims to evaluate the concentration of dissolved radon in drinking water and to assess the associated radiation doses for infants, children and adults in Bhiwani district of Haryana The radon concentrations were measured in 82 drinking water samples collected from 32 villages/towns in the Bhiwani district. The measurements were performed by RAD7, an electronic radon detector manufactured by Durridge Company Inc. The mean radon concentration ranged between 1.3 ± 0.4 and 13.4 ± 2.2 Bq l−1. The mean radon concentrations from two locations exceeded the maximum contamination level (MCL) of 11 Bq l−1 recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency. The total annual effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation of radon in drinking water varied from 10.1 to 104.4 µSv y−1 for infants, 5.8 to 59.6 µSv y−1 for children and 6.6 to 67.7 µSv y−1 for adults and the average values were found to be 46.3, 26.5 and 30.1 µSv y−1, respectively.
The Effects of Cracking on Slope Stability
Authors: Mukhlisin Muhammad , Khiyon Khirun Nissah 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Slope stability has been identified as a major obstacle to construction in the rapidly developing countries of Indonesia and Malaysia. In these countries, slope failure has been identified as one of the most commonly occurring natural disasters, leading to financial losses and deaths. Slope failure is often related to prolonged rainfall events where rainfall infiltration increases pore water pressure, reducing soil strength. This failure mechanism will accelerate with the existence of cracks, which are usually caused by differential settling, drying and shrinking of soil, and associated construction activities, among other causes. The existence of cracks on slopes usually provides an easy pathway for rainfall infiltration into soil, allowing rain to infiltrate to deeper layers than in the absence of cracks. The moisture content in deep layers is therefore higher in cracked slopes than in slopes without cracks. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of cracks on slope stability when subjected to rainfall. The influence of crack location, depth, size, and direction on pore water pressure distribution and slope stability was studied by imposing different rainfall intensities. Analysis of seepage and stability were conducted using the GEO STUDIO 2007 softwares SEEP/W and SLOPE/W. Results suggested that pore water pressure and slope stability were influenced by the existence of cracks. Analysis showed that slope factors of safety decreased sharply when cracks were located adjacent to the slope crest, as compared to when cracks were located in the middle of the slope. Furthermore, slope factors of safety decreased with increasing crack depth. Pore water pressure and slope factors of safety decreased further when slopes were subjected to small rainfall intensities for long periods, as compared to when slopes were subjected to high rainfall intensities for short periods. The present study shows that study of cracks should be an integral part of the slope stability analysis.
Physical Criteria for Recognition of Lacustrine Gravel Beach-bar Deposits using Modern Examples, the Qinghai Lake, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Peng Biao , Jin Zhenkui , Zhu Xiaoer , Li Rui , Yuan Kun 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Beach-bar deposits are very common in the shallow-water zone of lacustrine basins, and have been an attractive exploration target within lacustrine basins, where numerous lacustrine beach-bar oil pools have been discovered recently. Physical criteria for recognizing lacustrine beach-bar deposits are important not only for reconstruction of paleoenvironments and paleoshorelines, but also for the exploration and development of hydrocarbon. Modern beach-bars, 162 km in length, in Qinghai Lake, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, were studied in detail based on lithology, sedimentary structure, texture, basal contact, bed thickness and dip angle, mean grain size, sorting, skewness, sedimentary succession, etc. The study found that the gravel beach-bars have a fixed sedimentary succession, “ABC” sequence, which is composed of A, B, and C intervals. The A interval is characterized by poorly sorted pebbly sandstones, the B interval is characterized by well sorted conglomerates and the C interval is characterized by normally graded sandstones. The A, B, and C intervals have particular quantitative characteristics, including mean grain size, sorting, skewness, dip angle of layers, and thickness of layers. The gravel beach-bar deposits can be presented in different combined pattern, such as “ABCABC”, “ABABAB”, and “BCBCBC”. The beach-bars deposits are stripe-like, parallel to the shoreline, and with convex tops and flat bottoms. The length of the beach-bars can be tens of kilometers. The width of the beach-bars can be thousands of meters.
Assessment of Reservoir Rock Properties from Rock Physics Modeling and Petrophysical Analysis of Borehole Logging Data to Lessen Uncertainty in Formation Characterization in Ratana Gas Field, Northern Potwar, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Kausar Tayyaba , Khalid Perveiz , Akram Sohail 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Petrophysical evaluation and rock physics analysis are the important tools to relate the reservoir properties like porosity, permeability, pore fluids with seismic parameters. Nevertheless, the uncertainties always exist in the quantification of elastic and seismic parameters estimated through wireline logs and rock physics analysis. A workflow based on statistical relationships of rock physics and logs derived elastic and seismic parameters with porosity and the percentage error exist between them is given. The statistical linear regressions are developed for early Eocene Chorgali Formation between various petrophysically factors determined from borehole logging of well Ratana – 03 drilled in tectonically disturbed zone and the seismic and elastic parameters estimated through rock physics modeling. The rock physics constraints such as seismic velocities, effective density and elastic moduli calculated from Gassmann fluid substation analysis are in harmony and close agreement to those estimated from borehole logs. The percentage errors between well logs and rock physics computed saturated bulk modulus (Ksat), effective density (ρeff), compressional and shear wave velocities (VP and VS) are 1.31%, 4.23 %, 5.25% and 4.01% respectively. The permeability of reservoir intervals show fairly strong linear relationship with the porosity, indicating that the reservoir interval of the Chorgali Formation is permeable and porous thus having large potential of hydrocarbon accumulation and production.
Extension, Compression, and Beyond: A Unique Classification System for Mortality Evolution Patterns
Authors: Börger Matthias , Genz Martin , Ruß Jochen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A variety of literature addresses the question of how the age distribution of deaths changes over time as life expectancy increases. However, corresponding terms such as extension, compression, or rectangularization are sometimes defined only vaguely, and statistics used to detect certain scenarios can be misleading. The matter is further complicated because mixed scenarios can prevail, and the considered age range can have an impact on observed mortality patterns. In this article, we establish a unique classification framework for realized mortality scenarios that allows for the detection of both pure and mixed scenarios. Our framework determines whether changes of the deaths curve over time show elements of extension or contraction; compression or decompression; left- or right-shifting mortality; and concentration or diffusion. The framework not only can test the presence of a particular scenario but also can assign a unique scenario to any observed mortality evolution. Furthermore, it can detect different mortality scenarios for different age ranges in the same population. We also present a methodology for the implementation of our classification framework and apply it to mortality data for U.S. females.
Investigating the relationship between DNA methylation age acceleration and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: McCartney Daniel L. , Stevenson Anna J. , Walker Rosie M. , Gibson Jude , Morris Stewart W. , Campbell Archie , Murray Alison D. , Whalley Heather C. , Porteous David J. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Evans Kathryn L. , Deary Ian J. , Marioni Riccardo E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe “epigenetic clock” is a DNA methylation–based estimate of biological age and is correlated with chronological age—the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic and environmental risk factors exist for AD, several of which are potentially modifiable. In this study, we assess the relationship between the epigenetic clock and AD risk factors.MethodsMultilevel models were used to assess the relationship between age acceleration (the residual of biological age regressed onto chronological age) and AD risk factors relating to cognitive reserve, lifestyle, disease, and genetics in the Generation Scotland study (n = 5100).ResultsWe report significant associations between age acceleration and body mass index, total cholesterol to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios, socioeconomic status, high blood pressure, and smoking behavior (Bonferroni‐adjusted P < .05).DiscussionAssociations are present between environmental risk factors for AD and age acceleration. Measures to modify such risk factors might improve the risk profile for AD and the rate of biological ageing. Future longitudinal analyses are therefore warranted.