bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prizes, Medals and Honourable Mentions
Authors: Brenni Paolo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ever since antiquity, medals that were often also remarkable works of art were used to mark the achievements and testify to the glory of a person or his bravery on the battlefield, or to celebrate or commemorate a particular event. Sovereigns and nobles wore medals as symbols of their power, wealth and achievements or distributed them as exceptional gifts in order to maintain or garner support. In the 19th century the use of medals increased dramatically. In fact, with the machine age a new class of heroes was born. These were the engineers, the technicians and the manufacturers who were industrializing the Western world. And these pioneers of technological progress became the new recipients of a tide of medals, diplomas and awards which were primarily distributed at the national, international and universal exhibitions and fairs which abounded during the last decades of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th centuries. This essay will focus on instrument makers, whose activities bridged science and industry. Their products represented the high technology of their day in the sector of precision instruments, and the most outstanding ones, judged to be deserving of an award, were selected following examination by a jury composed of specialists. But what were the criteria adopted by the jurors? Did political considerations influence their judgments? What were the importance and the significance of these awards? Did they have an impact on the instrument maker’s trade or were they just attractive souvenirs to be taken home from the exhibitions? Based on an analysis of many documents (reports, lists of medallists, catalogues, specialized articles, etc.) relating to industrial exhibitions held in Europe and the United States during the 19th century, the present essay provides an answer to these questions.
I Second That Emotion: Modelling the Anxious Experiences of Thirteenth-Century Episcopal Office
Authors: Byrne Philippa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The episcopacy in the High Middle Ages (c.1100–1300) can be understood through the idea of a shared emotional language, as seen in two treatises written to advise new bishops. In them, episcopal office was largely defined by the emotions it provoked: it was a cause for sorrow, a burden akin to back-breaking agricultural service. The ideas most associated with episcopal office were anxiety, labour and endurance. Ideas about Christian service as painful labour became particularly important in the twelfth century, alongside the development of the institutional authority of the Church. As episcopal power began to look more threatening and less humble, this emotional register provided one means of distinguishing episcopal power from secular lordly power: both were authorities, but bishops were distinguished by sorrowing over office and ‘enduring’, not enjoying it.
Inquiétude / Uneasiness: Between Mental Emotion and Bodily Sensation (Eighteenth–Twentieth Centuries)
Authors: Louis-Courvoisier Micheline 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
From the eighteenth century patients might use ‘uneasiness’ / inquiétude to describe both a physical sensation and a personal anxiety. This double definition reflects the deep interrelation between emotion and sensation in the period. Inquiétude was embedded in a specific historical context, defined by humoral medical discourse, by the practice of self-writing, by the doctor-patient relationship, and by a semantic confusion in the use of certain words. Analysis of the different uses of inquiétude in nineteenth- and twentieth-century French novels shows that it increasingly described a mental state, such as an anxiety, but that the sensorial meaning persisted discreetly in different ways. Elements of neurophysiological theories and relevance theory offer some tools to bridge the gap between the two narrative genres and historical contexts.
Cow Protection, Hindu Identity and the Politics of Hurt in India, c.1890–2019
Authors: Tejani Shabnum 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recent violence in India towards minority Muslim and Dalit communities in response to their alleged killing of cows is shocking in its brutality. Those responsible maintain the cow is sacred to Hindus and a threat to its life is an attack on Hinduism itself. They claim a deep sense of hurt at what they see to be the historic violation of their religion. In contrast, liberal commentators argue that right-wing forces have become emboldened since Hindu nationalists came to power in 2014. Yet, Hindu nationalism alone cannot explain the widespread belief that people whose livelihoods depend on cattle are beyond the democratic norms of tolerance. Rather, we must consider ‘affect’ and the role of history to understand the currency of cow protection in the cultural politics of hurt in contemporary India.
Observed Link of Extreme Hourly Precipitation Changes to Urbanization over Coastal South China
Authors: Wu Mengwen , Luo Yali , Chen Fei , Wong Wai Kin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding changes in subdaily rainfall extremes is critical to urban planners for building more sustainable and resilient cities. In this study, the hourly precipitation data in 1971–2016 from 61 rain gauges are combined with historical land-use change data to investigate changes in extreme hourly precipitation (EXHP) in the Pearl River delta (PRD) region of South China. Also, 120 extreme rainfall events (EXREs) during 2011–16 are analyzed using observations collected at densely distributed automatic weather stations and radar network. Statistically significant increase of hourly precipitation intensity leads to higher annual amounts of both total and extreme precipitation over the PRD urban cluster in the rapid urbanization period (about 1994–2016) than during the preurbanization era (1971 to about 1993), suggesting a possible link between the enhanced rainfall and the rapid urbanization. Those urbanization-related positive trends are closely related to more frequent occurrence of abrupt rainfall events with short duration (≤6 h) than the continuous or growing rainfall events with longer duration. The 120 EXREs in 2011–16 are categorized into six types according to the originating location and movement of the extreme-rain-producing storms. Despite the wide range of synoptic backgrounds and seasons, rainfall intensification by the strong urban heat island (UHI) effect is a clear signal in all the six types, especially over the inland urban cluster with prominent UHIs. The UHI thermal perturbation probably plays an important role in the convective initiation and intensification of the locally developed extreme-rain-producing storms during the daytime.
Salvindolin elicits opioid system-mediated antinociceptive and antidepressant-like activities
Authors: Keasling Adam W , Pandey Pankaj , Doerksen Robert J , Pedrino Gustavo R , Costa Elson A , da Cunha Luiz C , Zjawiony Jordan K , Fajemiroye James O 
Published: June 2019

Background: Salvinorin A is known as a highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonist with antinociceptive but mostly pro-depressive effects. Aims: In this article, we present its new semisynthetic analog with preferential mu opioid affinity, and promising antinociceptive, as well as antidepressant-like activities. Methods: Competitive binding studies were performed for salvindolin with kappa opioid and mu opioid. The mouse model of nociception (acetic-acid-induced writhing, formalin, and hot plate tests), depression (forced swim and tail suspension tests), and the open field test, were used to evaluate antinociceptive, antidepressant-like, and locomotion effects, respectively, of salvindolin. We built a 3-D molecular model of the kappa opioid receptor, using a mu opioid X-ray crystal structure as a template, and docked salvindolin into the two proteins. Results/outcomes: Salvindolin showed affinity towards kappa opioid and mu opioid receptors but with 100-fold mu opioid preference. Tests of salvindolin in mice revealed good oral bioavailability, antinociceptive, and antidepressive-like effects, without locomotor incoordination. Docking of salvindolin showed strong interactions with the mu opioid receptor which matched well with experimental binding data. Salvindolin-induced behavioral changes in the hot plate and forced swim tests were attenuated by naloxone (nonselective opioid receptor antagonist) and/or naloxonazine (selective mu opioid receptor antagonist) but not by nor-binaltorphimine (selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist). In addition, WAY100635 (a selective serotonin 1A receptor antagonist) blocked the antidepressant-like effect of salvindolin. Conclusions/interpretation: By simple chemical modification, we were able to modulate the pharmacological profile of salvinorin A, a highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonist, to salvindolin, a ligand with preferential mu opioid receptor affinity and activity on the serotonin 1A receptor. With its significant antinociceptive and antidepressive-like activities, salvindolin has the potential to be an analgesic and/or antidepressant drug candidate.
Can venous cannula design influence venous return and negative pressure with a minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation?
Authors: Bennett Mark J , Hodgkiss Sian , Lloyd Clinton T , Webb Gerry 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Recent advances to make cardiopulmonary bypass more physiological include the use of kinetic-assisted venous drainage but without a venous reservoir. Despite manipulation of intravascular volume and patient positioning, arterial flow is frequently reduced. Negative venous line pressures can be generated, which may elicit gaseous microemboli. We investigated the influence of venous cannula design on venous return and negative venous line pressures. Methods: In a single-centre, single-surgeon, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 48 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery, aortic valve or combined coronary artery and aortic valve surgery, with a minimally invasive circuit, were randomized to a conventional two-stage (2S) or three-stage venous cannula (3S), or to a three-stage venous cannula with additional ‘fenestrated’ ridges (F3S). Blood flow, venous line pressures and gaseous microemboli number and size were measured. Results: The pump flow achieved was the same between groups, but in each case fell below the target range of 2.2–2.4 L min–1 m–2. The three-stage cannula recorded significantly lower negative pressure than the other cannulae. The total count and volume of gaseous emboli detected with the F3S cannulae was very high in some cases, with wide heterogeneity. Discussion: The low negative pressures recorded with three-stage cannula, despite having a larger drainage orifice area, suggest that negative pressure may be more influenced by lumen diameter and vena cava collapse rather than drainage hole size. The additional fenestrations resulted in flow characteristics and negative pressures similar to the larger two-stage cannula but are associated with generation of gaseous microemboli.
Where Should Critically Ill Adolescents Receive Care? A Qualitative Interview-Based Study of Perspectives of Staff Working in Adult and Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Wood Dora , Geoghegan Sophie , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Davis Peter J. , Tume Lyvonne , Pappachan John V. , Goodwin Sarah , Wray Jo 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: In the United Kingdom, critically ill adolescents are treated in either adult or pediatric intensive care units (AICUs or PICUs). This study explores staff perspectives on where and how best to care for this distinct group. Materials and Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 members of staff (3 medical, 6 nursing, and 3 allied health professionals) working in 4 ICUs; 2 general hospital AICUs and 2 tertiary centre–based PICUs in England. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using framework analysis. Findings: One overarching theme was identified, reflecting staff understanding of the term “adolescent,” and this was linked to 2 further themes, each of which had several subthemes. “Needs of the critically ill adolescent” included medical needs, dignity and privacy, issues around consent, and the impact of intensive care admission. “Implications for staff” included managing parental presence and lack of familiarity, and emotional impact, of dealing with this patient group. Some of these factors are currently better accommodated in adult settings. Conclusions: Decision-making about the place of care should take into account the individual circumstances of the patient (e.g., nature of their medical condition and previous experiences, maturity, family preference) and not be based only on age at admission. We should work across disciplines to ensure we can discover, and consistently deliver, best practice to meet the needs of critically ill adolescents.
Fencing unmasked: A case of penetrating cranio-orbital injury
Authors: Yu Stephanie Dorothy Pui Ming , Lau James Siu Ki , Chau Yau Ming , Kan Pui Gay 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Transorbital low-velocity penetrating head injuries are uncommon but important. Minor skin wounds may herald intracranial injury with high morbidity and mortality. Case presentation: A fencing coach was pierced by a sabre between his nose and right eye resulting in orbital roof fracture and frontal lobe laceration. With prompt recognition of these injuries under multidisciplinary management, he attained uncomplicated recovery. Conclusion: The emergency physician should maintain a high index of suspicion for intracranial injury in patients presenting with history of penetrating head injury. Understanding orbital anatomy, injury mechanisms and patterns can facilitate timely management to prevent potentially sight-threatening and life-threatening complications.
Multiple complications of a 14-year-old hemodialysis catheter
Authors: Mira Filipe Santos , Cabral João Pina , Rodrigues Luís , Oliveira Nuno , Agostinho Gil , Galvão Ana , Alves Rui 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Vascular access for hemodialysis is a key factor in every patient dependent on this treatment. Maintaining a central venous catheter can be a good choice when all the other options have been exhausted, but unwanted and rare complications may arise from longer catheter dwell time. Case report: We describe a case of a 65-year-old woman undergoing hemodialysis treatment since 1986 after a bilateral nephrectomy due to complicated nephrolithiasis. Her last access, two Tesio® tunneled cuffed catheters implanted via the right internal jugular vein functioned correctly for 14 years without complications, and so, was not replaced in the meantime. She was referred to our hospital due to a rupture in a catheter lumen, which was corrected conservatively by creating a more proximal tunnel and excising the affected area. A few weeks later, a new rupture in the same lumen was identified, so the catheter was replaced with angiographic control. The catheter was frail, so upon its removal, the tip fractured and remained in the right ventricle, being swiftly removed by an endovascular snare without complications. Discussion: This case reports two rare complications associated with catheter handling and identifies a possible technique for conservative resolution of a lumen rupture.
High expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A is associated with poor survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Ivana Boljevic , Emina Malisic , Marijana Milovic-Kovacevic , Irena Jovanic , Zoran Bukumiric , Radmila Jankovic 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Aberrant expression of different tight junction proteins, including the junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), has been frequently reported in association with tumor progression of several malignancies. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the clinical significance of JAM-A gene expression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: JAM-A expression levels in 44 epithelial ovarian cancer and 12 benign formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic and prognostic potential of JAM-A. Associations between JAM-A expression and clinicopathological characteristics of epithelial ovarian cancer were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. The Kaplan–Meier method and univariate Cox regression analysis were used for the survival analysis. P ⩽ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: ROC curve analyses showed that JAM-A gene expression exhibits both diagnostic and prognostic performance in epithelial ovarian cancer (area under the curve (AUC) 0.640, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.488, 0.792, sensitivity 43.18%, specificity 100% and AUC 0.621, 95% CI 0.427, 0.816, sensitivity 52.63%, specificity 85%, respectively). JAM-A expression was significantly associated with International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) stage ( P =0.049) and the Kaplan–Meier method demonstrated that patients with high expression of JAM-A had significantly worse overall survival compared to patients with low JAM-A expression ( P =0.004). Moreover, univariate Cox regression analysis showed that FIGO stage, peritoneal metastasis, residual tumor and JAM-A expression were significantly associated with reduced overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Our results indicate that high levels of JAM-A expression are associated with an advanced clinicopathological feature and may have diagnostic potential; also, it could be a predictor of poor overall survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Cardiovascular health literacy and patient–physician communication intervention in women from disadvantaged communities
Authors: Greenberg Keren L , Leiter Elisheva , Donchin Milka , Agbaria Nisreen , Karjawally Mayada , Zwas Donna R 
Published: June 2019

Background For many women in low socioeconomic status communities, limited health literacy is an obstacle to following medical guidance and engaging in health-promoting behaviours. Low health literacy skills are also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Design A health literacy intervention was designed through focus groups with women in low socioeconomic status communities. The primary health literacy issue identified was communication challenges at doctors’ visits. A unique intervention tailored to the participants’ preferences was designed consisting of three workshops conducted in community women’s groups in low socioeconomic status Jerusalem communities. The intervention aimed to increase patient–physician communication skills through doctor visit preparation and better visit management, improve perceived efficacy in patient–physician interaction and expand cardiovascular disease knowledge. Methods Questionnaires were completed before and 3 months after the intervention, assessing knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and symptoms, self-report of behaviours in preparations for a doctor’s visit, and perceived efficacy in patient–physician interaction. Results A total of 407 women from low socioeconomic status communities completed questionnaires. Post-intervention, the percentage of women that reported preparing for doctors’ visits increased significantly. Women with initially low levels of perceived efficacy in patient–physician interaction showed a significant increase in perceived efficacy, while initially higher perceived efficacy in patient–physician interaction participants showed a decrease. Participants also demonstrated an increase in knowledge of several risk factors for cardiovascular disease and heart attack symptoms. Conclusions A community-based cardiovascular health literacy intervention improved cardiovascular knowledge and reported doctor visit preparation in low socioeconomic status women as well as increased perceived efficacy in patient–physician interaction among participants with low baseline perceived efficacy in patient–physician interaction. This may lead to improved health care utilisation, preventing chronic illness. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov , registration number: NCT03203018
Long-term safety of single-agent ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 3 pivotal studies
Authors: Coutre Steven E. , Byrd John C. , Hillmen Peter , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Barr Paul M. , Devereux Stephen , Robak Tadeusz , Kipps Thomas J. , Schuh Anna , Moreno Carol , Furman Richard R. , Burger Jan A. , O’Dwyer Michael , Ghia Paolo , Valentino Rudolph , Chang Stephen , Dean James P. , James Danelle F. , O’Brien Susan M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ibrutinib, a first-in-class once-daily oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is continued until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. We conducted an integrated safety analysis of single-agent ibrutinib from randomized phase 3 studies PCYC-1112 (RESONATE, n = 195) and PCYC-1115/1116 (RESONATE-2, n = 135), and examined longer-term safety separately in the phase 1b/2 PCYC-1102/1103 study (n = 94, 420 mg/d). In the integrated analysis (ibrutinib treatment up to 43 months), the most common adverse events (AEs) were primarily grade 1/2; diarrhea (n = 173, 52% any-grade; n = 15, 5% grade 3) and fatigue (n = 119, 36% any-grade; n = 10, 3% grade 3). The most common grade 3/4 AEs were neutropenia (n = 60, 18%) and pneumonia (n = 38, 12%). Over time, prevalence of AEs of interest (diarrhea, fatigue, grade ≥3 infection, bleeding, and neutropenia) trended down; prevalence of hypertension increased, but incidence decreased after year 1. AEs led to dose reductions in 42 (13%) patients and permanent discontinuations in 37 (11%); dose modifications due to AEs were most common during year 1 and decreased in frequency thereafter. The most common AEs (preferred term) contributing to discontinuation included pneumonia (n = 4), anemia (n = 3), and atrial fibrillation (n = 3). With long-term follow-up on PCYC-1102/1103 (ibrutinib treatment up to 67 months), grade 3/4 AEs were generally similar to those in the integrated analysis. Overall, AEs were primarily grade 1/2 and manageable during prolonged ibrutinib treatment in patients with CLL. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01578707, #NCT01722487, #NCT01724346, #NCT01105247, and #NCT01109069.
Absence of complement component 3 does not prevent classical pathway–mediated hemolysis
Authors: Zhang Lingjun , Dai Yang , Huang Ping , Saunders Thomas L. , Fox David A. , Xu Jijun , Lin Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractComplement component 3 (C3) is emerging as a potential therapeutic target. We studied complement-mediated hemolysis using normal and C3-depleted human sera, wild-type (WT) and C3-deficient rat sera, and WT and C3 knockout rat models. In all of the in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that the loss of C3 did not prevent classical pathway–mediated hemolysis, but it did almost abolish alternative pathway–mediated hemolysis. Experiments using preassembled classical pathway C3 convertases confirmed that C4b2a directly activated complement component 5 (C5), leading to membrane attack complex formation and hemolysis. Our results suggest that targeting C3 should effectively inhibit hemolysis and tissue damage mediated by the alternative pathway of complement activation, but this approach might have limited efficacy in treating classical pathway–mediated pathological conditions.