bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Watertight segmental lining at drained cross passages under high water gradients
Authors: Ring Benno , Gollegger Johannes 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Follo Line tunnels consist of a watertight single shell segmental lining with gaskets. The cross passages are drained, but watertightness is required between the two structures, which is a challenging boundary condition for design and construction. This paper focuses on the structural design of the intersection between the tunnels and the cross passages, which is performed with considerable effort. Special attention is brought to the water pressures acting in this area. Some of the challenges during project execution are discussed as well.
Bewertung von Verklebungen und Werkzeugverschleiß im Lockergestein anhand von Modellversuchen
Authors: Milatz Marius , Grabe Jürgen , Delle Moana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIm maschinellen Tunnelbau mit Schildvortrieben mit Erddruck‐ oder Flüssigkeitsstützung stellen die Verklebungen von Schneidrad und Abbaukammer sowie der Verschleiß der Schneidwerkzeuge nach wie vor ein Problem dar. Infolge Verklebungen kommt es trotz verschiedener Prognoseverfahren anhand der Plastizitäts‐ und Konsistenzzahl für weiche Böden noch immer zu erheblichen Behinderungen des Bauablaufs, weil Stillstände zur Reinigung von Schneidrad und Abbaukammer erforderlich werden. Neben der Verklebungsproblematik stellt auch die Abrasivität des Baugrunds häufig ein Problem dar, da bei stark abrasivem Gebirge häufige Werkzeugwechsel erforderlich sind. Eine korrekte Bewertung des Verklebungspotenzials wie auch der Abrasivität, insbesondere im Lockergestein und in Mischböden, stellt nach wie vor für Auftraggeber bei der Erstellung einer möglichst umfassenden Ausschreibung sowie auch für Auftragnehmer, die die Verklebungsneigung und Abrasivität möglichst zutreffend einkalkulieren müssen, eine schwierige Aufgabe dar. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiger Modellschneidradversuchsstand vorgestellt, der im Gegensatz zu bestehenden Methoden die Interaktion der Faktoren Mensch, Maschine und Baugrund bei der Prognose von Verklebungs‐ und Verschleißproblemen für den mechanisierten Tunnelbau berücksichtigen soll.
Termination of the Hegenshan Orogen in the Xing'an–Mongolian Orogenic Belt, North China: Geochemical and zircon U–Pb geochronological constraints from Early Permian mafic dykes
Authors: Cheng Yinhang , Duan Lianfeng , Wang Shaoyi , Li Ying , Teng Xuejian , Zhang Tianfu 
Published: February 2019

Based mainly on field geological observation, we identified the Dong Ujimqin mafic dykes in Inner Mongolia, north of Hegenshan ophiolite accretionary belt. The dykes are mainly dolerite, and their ages and source were determined using geochronological, geochemical, zircon Hf, and whole‐rock Sr–Nd isotopic data. Photomicrographs reveal ophitic texture and amygdale structures of the dolerite dykes. Laser ablation multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb analysis of zircons yielded ages of 277.9 ± 1.8 and 275.9 ± 1.2 Ma for two of these mafic dykes, placing them within the Early Permian. The dykes are classified as alkaline and tholeiitic series according to their major elements and characterized by high Na2O (2.62–4.06 wt.%), high TiO2 (1.63–2.71 wt.%), and low K2O (0.74–2.06 wt.%). The mafic dykes have similar geochemical characteristics that exhibit large‐ion lithophile element enrichment relative to high‐field‐strength elements, depletion in Ta and Nb, and an asthenosphere‐like Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic signature. They have high Sm/Nd (0.131–0.141) and LaN/YbN (3.75–9.17), near‐chondritic heavy rare earth elements ([Gd/Yb]N = 1.21–2.39), and low Rb/Sr (0.03–0.08) ratios with negligible Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.85–1.00). The dykes contain relatively low amounts of radiogenic Sr, as shown by (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.7035–0.7042), and have positive values of εNd(t; 4.31–6.96) and εHf (t; 6.0–14.5) and negative values of εSr(t; −0.28 to −10.31), suggesting that the mafic dykes have been derived from partial melts of the depleted lithospheric mantle contaminated by crust in the source region and formed in post‐orogenic settings. All the above indicate an extensional event, which was related to the post‐subduction of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean, at ~277–275 Ma, and significant vertical continental growth of the crustal continuum occurred in the continental interior during post‐collisional extension.
Palaeogeographic and tectonic setting of the Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian‐Toarcian) Nishinakayama Formation, Toyora Group, SW Japan
Authors: Izumi Kentaro , Suzuki Kazue , Kemp David B. , Iizuka Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2019

The palaeogeographic and tectonic setting of the Lower Jurassic Nishinakayama Formation (Toyora Group, southwest Japan) is interpreted based on new U–Pb ages for detrital zircon grains separated from a sandstone sample, combined with available provenance data. The newly obtained age spectrum of detrital zircon grains is characterized by multiple age clusters. Specifically, (1) nearly syndepositional (Lower Jurassic; 182–200 Ma), (2) Early Permian to Late Triassic (205–288 Ma), and (3) Precambrian (1,855–2,660 Ma). The youngest zircon age (182.4 ± 5.1 Ma) is consistent with the biostratigraphically constrained depositional age (falciferum ammonite Zone, lower Toarcian). The presence of a near‐syndepositional age cluster, as well as the presence of volcanic tuff layers in the studied succession, indicates the likely extensive influence of an active volcanic arc in the depositional area. The age cluster of 205–288 Ma suggests, in contrast, that older granitic batholiths were also being sourced. Precambrian detrital zircon grains would have been derived from continental blocks with mainly Proterozoic crusts, most likely from the North China Craton. When combined with available geochemical, petrological, and palaeontological data, our detrital zircon data demonstrate that deposition of the Nishinakayama Formation was located at an active continental margin, possibly close to the northern extremity of the South China Craton. Abundant terrigenous clastics were likely supplied to the sedimentary basin from the Qinling‐Dabieshan‐Sulu Suture Zone, which was formed by the collision of the North and South China cratons.
Heterogeneous effects of obesity on mental health: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Bargain Olivier , Zeidan Jinan 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObesity can spread more easily if it is not perceived negatively. This issue may be more pronounced among the poor, a conjecture that we test in this paper. We start with general evidence on the concave relationship between income and obesity, both across countries and within Mexico, a country characterized by very unequal development levels and the highest obesity rate in the world. We suggest a general model that explains this stylized fact from a simple necessary condition, namely, the complementarity between nonfood consumption and health concerns. Then, we test the direct effect of overweight on mental health among Mexican women. We find a positive effect of obesity in the low consumption group and a depressing effect among the rich. This result is robust to the inclusion of a range of confounders (childhood conditions, lifestyle variables, food expenditure, and household shocks) and after instrumenting individual fatness by the variation in genetic predisposition. The complementarity between living standards and weight concerns may reflect different norms, different labor market penalties, or simply different returns to healthy time across the social spectrum.
Study on a twin‐bed adsorption refrigeration system using R134a‐activated carbon pair
Authors: Pinto Samson Paul , Basavapatna Govindasetty Raghavendra , Karanam Praveen , Behera Upendra , Kasthurirengan Srinivasan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA low capacity twin‐bed adsorption refrigeration system has been built with R134a as a refrigerant and activated carbon as the adsorbent. Simple tube‐in‐tube heat exchangers have been fabricated and have been used as the adsorber beds. Activated carbon (granular type) has been filled in the annular space of the inner tube and outer tube. A plate heat exchanger has been used as the condenser and the temperature of cooling water has been maintained between 25°C and 30°C, also the evaporator has been custom designed as per requirements. A mathematical model has also been developed and the results obtained have been found to be comparable. While operating the system in the single‐bed mode a cooling power of 250.4 W has been obtained with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.38 with an average evaporator temperature of 18.4°C against a predicted value of 263.7 W with a COP of 0.41. While operating in the twin‐bed mode a cooling power of 281.3 W with a COP of 0.47 with an average evaporator temperature of 17.6°C has been obtained against a predicted value of 294.5 W with a COP of 0.52.
Systematic analysis of survival‐associated alternative splicing signatures uncovers prognostic predictors for head and neck cancer
Authors: Liang Ying , Song Jukun , He Dengqi , Xia Yu , Wu Yadong , Yin Xinhai , Liu Jianguo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that alternative splicing (AS) plays a key role in carcinogenesis and prognosis of cancer. However, systematic proﬁles of AS signatures in head and neck cancer (HNC) have not yet been reported.MethodsIn this study, AS data, RNA‐Seq data, and corresponding clinicopathological information of 489 HNC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen for survival‐associated AS events. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis was also performed. The prognostic models and splicing networks were constructed using integrated bioinformatics analysis tools.ResultsAmong the 42,849 alternating splicing events identified in 10,121 genes, 5,165 survival‐associated AS events in 2,419 genes were observed in univariate Cox regression analysis. Among the seven types, alternate terminator events were the most powerful prognostic factors. Multivariate Cox analysis was then used to screen for the AS genes with prognostic value. Four candidate genes (TPM1, CLASRP, PRRC1, and DNASE1L1) were found to be independent prognostic factors for HNC patients. A prognostic prediction model was built based on the four genes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic risk score curve for predicting the survival status of HNC patients was 0.704. In addition, splicing interaction network indicated that the splicing factors have significant functions in HNC.ConclusionA comprehensive analysis of AS events in HNC was performed. A powerful prognostic predictor for HNC patients was established based on AS events could.
Glutathione transferase P silencing promotes neuronal differentiation of retinal R28 cells
Authors: Sciarretta Francesca , Fulci Chiara , Palumbo Camilla , Aquilano Katia , Pastore Anna , Iorio Egidio , Lettieri‐Barbato Daniele , Cicconi Rosella , Minutolo Antonella , Parravano Mariacristina , Gilardi Marta , Varano Monica , Caccuri Anna Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlutathione transferases (GSTs) play an important role in retinal pathophysiology. Within this family, the GSTP isoform is known as an endogenous regulator of cell survival and proliferation pathways and of cellular responses to oxidative stress. In the present study we silenced GSTP in R28 cells, a retinal precursor cell line with markers of both glial and neuronal origin, and obtained stable clones which were viable and, unexpectedly, characterized by a more neuronal phenotype. The degree of neuronal differentiation was inversely correlated with GSTP residual expression levels. The clone with the lowest expression of GSTP showed metabolic reprogramming, a more favorable redox status and, despite its neuronal phenotype, a sensitivity to glutamate and 4‐hydroxynonenal toxicity comparable to that of control cells. Altogether, our evidence shows that near full depletion of GSTP in retinal precursor cells, triggers neuronal differentiation and prosurvival metabolic changes.
P62 deficiency shifts mesenchymal/stromal stem cell commitment toward adipogenesis and disrupts bone marrow homeostasis in aged mice
Authors: Lacava Giovanna , Laus Fulvio , Amaroli Andrea , Marchegiani Andrea , Censi Roberta , Di Martino Piera , Yanagawa Toru , Sabbieti Maria Giovanna , Agas Dimitrios 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith advancing age have been observed bone and bone marrow phenotypic alterations due to the impaired bone tissue homeostatic features, involving bone remodeling, and bone marrow niche ontogeny. The complex “inflamm‐aging” pathological scenario that culminates with osteopenia and mesenchymal/stromal and hematopoietic stem cell commitment breakdown, is controlled by cellular and molecular intramural components comprising adapter proteins such as the sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1). p62, a “multiway function” protein, has been reported as an effective anti‐inflammatory, bone‐building factor. In this view, we considered for the first time the involvement of p62 in aging bone and bone marrow of 1 year and 2 years p62−/− mice. Interestingly, p62 deficiency provoked accelerated osteopenia and impaired niche operational activities within the bone marrow. The above findings unearthed the importance of p62 in mesenchymal stem cell maintenance/differentiation schedule in old animals and provide, at least in part, a mechanistic scenario of p62 action.
Protocol for the long‐term culture of human primary keratinocytes from the normal colorectal mucosa
Authors: Torreggiani Elena , Rossini Marika , Bononi Ilaria , Pietrobon Silvia , Mazzoni Elisa , Iaquinta Maria Rosa , Feo Carlo , Rotondo John Charles , Rizzo Paola , Tognon Mauro , Martini Fernanda 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProcedures for in vitro culturing of human primary keratinocytes from normal colon mucosa specimens have not been fully feasible, thus far. The protocol described herein allows primary keratinocytes from small tissue fragments of colorectal mucosa biopsies to grow in vitro. The procedure develops in three steps: (a) the enzymatic digestion of the tissue biopsy; (b) the use of cloning rings to purify primary keratinocyte colonies, (c) a defined keratinocyte medium to grow these cells in long‐term culture. Our cultural method enables normal primary keratinocytes to be obtained by simple and rapid techniques. In our culture condition, primary keratinocytes express specific epithelial markers. Colorectal mucosa keratinocyte colonies require approximately 2 weeks to grow. Compared with previous approaches, our protocol provides a valuable model of study for human primary keratinocytes from normal colorectal (NCR) mucosa both at the cellular and molecular levels. It is well known, that different mutations occurring during the multistep process of carcinogenesis in the NCR mucosa, are strictly associated to the onset/progression of the colorectal carcinoma. On this ground, normal keratinocytes grown with our protocol, may represent an innovative tool to investigate the mechanisms that lead to colorectal carcinoma and other diseases. Our innovative procedure may allow to perform comparative investigations between normal and pathological colorectal cells.image
Exodontia‐induced muscular hypofunction by itself or associated to chronic stress impairs masseter muscle morphology and its mitochondrial function
Authors: Pereira Yamba Carla Lara , Nascimento Glauce Crivelaro , Iyomasa Daniela Mizusaki , Fernández Rodrigo Alberto Restrepo , Calzzani Ricardo Alexandre , Leite‐Panissi Christie Ramos Andrade , Novaes Pedro Duarte , Iyomasa Mamie Mizusaki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStress is associated with orofacial pain sensitivity and is qualified as a temporomandibular disorder risk factor. During stressful periods, painful thresholds of masticatory muscles in individuals suffering muscle facial pain are significantly lower than in controls, but the exact physiologic mechanism underlying this relation remains unclear. Our hypothesis is that chronic unpredictable stress and masticatory hypofunction induce morphologic and metabolic masseter muscle changes in rats. For test this hypothesis, adult Wistar rats were submitted to chronic unpredictable stress and/or exodontia of left molars and the left masseter muscle was removed for analysis. The parameters evaluated included ultrastructure, oxidative level, metabolism activity and morphological analysis in this muscle. Our data show by histological analysis, that stress and exodontia promoted a variation on diameters and also angled contours in masseter fibers. The masticatory hypofunction increased oxidative metabolism as well as decreased reactive species of oxygen in masseter muscle. The ultrastructural analysis of muscle fibers showed disruption of the sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns in certain regions of the fiber in stress group, and the disappearance of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane in group with association of stress and exodontia. Our findings clarify mechanisms by which chronic stress and masticatory hypofunction might be involved in the pathophysiology of muscular dysfunctions. Masticatory hypofunction influenced oxidative stress and induced oxidative metabolism on masseter muscle, as well as altered its fiber morphology. Chronic stress presented malefic effect on masseter morphology at micro and ultra structurally. When both stimuli were applied, there were atrophic fibers and a complete mitochondrial derangement.
Genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is associated with insulin resistance in Egyptian women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Nsrallah Ayman AM. , Abd‐El Fatah Azza H. , Ahmed Hanan S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundA common polymorphism (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and elevation of homocysteine. The present study aimed to investigate the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MTHFR 677C>T gene and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsTwo‐hundred patients with PCOS were included in this case–control study: 100 patients with insulin resistance and 100 patients without insulin resistance were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.ResultsThe TT genotype for the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was significantly more frequent in PCOS patients with insulin resistance than in PCOS patients without insulin resistance (19% versus 6%, p = 0.002), whereas there was no significant difference between both groups for CT and there was a statistically significant increase in the T allele in PCOS patients with insulin resistance compared to PCOS patients without insulin resistance (p = 0.002, odds ratio = 1.95 and 95% confidence interval = 1. 29‐2.93). Regarding the relationship between MTHFR 677C>T genotypes and the characteristics of insulin resistance in PCOS patients, we found that there was no significant difference in age, waist‐hip ratio and total testosterone between the different genotypes of the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism. The mean values for body mass index and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance were significantly higher in the TT genotype of MTHFR 677C>T compared to the CC genotype in PCOS patients with insulin resistance (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated an association of the MTHFR 677C>T gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in Egyptian women with PCOS.
International clinical guidelines for the management of phosphomannomutase 2‐congenital disorders of glycosylation: Diagnosis, treatment and follow up
Authors: Altassan Ruqaiah , Péanne Romain , Jaeken Jaak , Barone Rita , Bidet Muad , Borgel Delphine , Brasil Sandra , Cassiman David , Cechova Anna , Coman David , Corral Javier , Correia Joana , de la Morena‐Barrio María Eugenia , de Lonlay Pascale , Dos Reis Vanessa , Ferreira Carlos R , Fiumara Agata , Francisco Rita , Freeze Hudson , Funke Simone , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Gert Matthijs , Girad Muriel , Giros Marisa , Grünewald Stephanie , Hernández‐Caselles Trinidad , Honzik Tomas , Hutter Marlen , Krasnewich Donna , Lam Christina , Lee Joy , Lefeber Dirk , Marques‐da‐Silva Dorinda , Martinez‐Monseny Antonio F , Moravej Hossein , Õunap Katrin , Pascoal Carlota , Pascreau Tiffany , Patterson Marc , Quelhas Dulce , Raymond Kimiyo , Sarkhail Peymaneh , Schiff Manuel , Seroczyńska Małgorzata , Serrano Mercedes , Seta Nathalie , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Thiel Christian , Tort Federic , Vals Mari‐Anne , Videira Paula , Witters Peter , Zeevaert Renate , Morava Eva 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2‐CDG) is the most common congenital disorder of N‐glycosylation and is caused by a deficient PMM2 activity. The clinical presentation and the onset of PMM2‐CDG vary among affected individuals ranging from a severe antenatal presentation with multisystem involvement to mild adulthood presentation limited to minor neurological involvement. Management of affected patients requires a multidisciplinary approach. In this article, a systematic review of the literature on PMM2‐CDG was conducted by a group of international experts in different aspects of CDG. Our managment guidelines were initiated based on the available evidence‐based data and experts' opinions. This guideline mainly addresses the clinical evaluation of each system/organ involved in PMM2‐CDG, and the recommended management approach. It is the first systematic review of current practices in PMM2‐CDG and the first guidelines aiming at establishing a practical approach to the recognition, diagnosis and management of PMM2‐CDG patients.
Transatlantic combined and comparative data analysis of 1095 patients with urea cycle disorders—A successful strategy for clinical research of rare diseases
Authors: Posset Roland , Garbade Sven F. , Boy Nikolas , Burlina Alberto B. , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , Dobbelaere Dries , Garcia‐Cazorla Angeles , de Lonlay Pascale , Teles Elisa Leão , Vara Roshni , Mew Nicholas Ah , Batshaw Mark L. , Baumgartner Matthias R. , McCandless Shawn E. , Seminara Jennifer , Summar Marshall , Hoffmann Georg F. , Kölker Stefan , Burgard Peter ,   Additional individual contributors of the UCDC and the E‐IMD consortium
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo improve our understanding of urea cycle disorders (UCDs) prospectively followed by two North American (NA) and European (EU) patient cohorts.AimsDescription of the NA and EU patient samples and investigation of the prospects of combined and comparative analyses for individuals with UCDs.MethodsRetrieval and comparison of the data from 1095 individuals (NA: 620, EU: 475) from two electronic databases.ResultsThe proportion of females with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (fOTC‐D), particularly those being asymptomatic (asfOTC‐D), was higher in the NA than in the EU sample. Exclusion of asfOTC‐D resulted in similar distributions in both samples. The mean age at first symptoms was higher in NA than in EU patients with late onset (LO), but similar for those with early (≤ 28 days) onset (EO) of symptoms. Also, the mean age at diagnosis and diagnostic delay for EO and LO patients were similar in the NA and EU cohorts. In most patients (including fOTC‐D), diagnosis was made after the onset of symptoms (59.9%) or by high‐risk family screening (24.7%), and less often by newborn screening (8.9%) and prenatal testing (3.7%). Analysis of clinical phenotypes revealed that EO patients presented with more symptoms than LO individuals, but that numbers of symptoms correlated with plasma ammonium concentrations in EO patients only. Liver transplantation was reported for 90 NA and 25 EU patients.ConclusionsCombined analysis of databases drawn from distinct populations opens the possibility to increase sample sizes for natural history questions, while comparative analysis utilizing differences in approach to treatment can evaluate therapeutic options and enhance long‐term outcome studies.