bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavonol Glycosides from Saussurea controversa and Their Efficiency in Experimental Osteomyelitis
Authors: Avdeeva Elena , Shults Elvira , Skorokhodova Marina , Reshetov Yaroslav , Porokhova Ekaterina , Sukhodolo Irina , Krasnov Efim , Belousov Mikhail 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFive flavonoids were isolated from leaves of Saussurea controversa, one new flavonoid (5), three described for the first time from the genus Saussurea (1, 2, and 4), and one described previously (3). A number of flavonol glycosides can be easily isolated from the butanol fraction of the ethanol extract from S. controversa. As a result of separating these using column chromatography on silica gel and microcrystalline cellulose, five glycosides of quercetin were isolated in the proportional relationship of 2 (1): 8 (2): 10 (3): 1 (4): 4 (5). The structure of these substances was determined using the method of NMR by conducting various 1H-1H and 1H-13C correlation spectroscopy experiments and by comparing their spectroscopic data with published values, 5,3/,4/-trihydroxyflavone-7-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-3-О-β-D-glucopyranosidе (1), 5,7,3/,4/-tetrahydroxyflavone-3-О-β-D-glucopyranoside-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside-(1→6)-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), 5,7,3/,4/-tetrahydroxyflavone-3-О-β-D-glucopyranoside-(1→6)-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), 5,3/,4/-trihydroxyflavone-7-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-3-О-β-D-xylopyranoside (4), and 5,3/,4/-trihydroxyflavone-7-О-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-(1→2)-О-β-D-glucopyranoside (5). It was established for the first time that flavonol glycosides from S. controversa stimulate granulopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow of rats, and enhance the reparative process in the affected area in experimental osteomyelitis.
Telemedizin – Telemonitoring bei COPD-Patienten
Authors: Thiem Helena 
Published: March 2018

Achelrod et al. Health-economic evaluation of home telemonitoring for COPD in Germany: evidence from a large
population-based cohort. Eur J Health Econ 2017; 18: 869–882
Um die Versorgungsqualität der steigenden Zahl von COPD-Patienten zu sichern, wird unter anderem
Telemonitoring zur begleitenden Behandlung der Patienten eingesetzt. Achelrod et al. untersuchten, welche
Auswirkungen dies auf die direkten medizinischen Kosten, den Verbrauch von Ressourcen sowie die
Mortalitätsrate hat.
Religiöse/spirituelle Bedürfnisse und psychosoziale Belastung von Patienten mit malignem Melanom
Authors: Haußmann Annette , Schäffeler Norbert , Hautzinger Martin , Weyel Birgit , Eigentler Thomas , Zipfel Stephan , Teufel Martin 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Während einer Krebserkrankung stellen sich Fragen nach Lebenssinn in neuer Prägnanz. Studien zeigen, dass ein Großteil der Patienten spirituelle Bedürfnisse äußern und Religiosität/ Spiritualität eine wichtige Ressource in der Krankheitsbewältigung sein kann. Bislang liegen zur Entwicklung psychischer Belastung und der Rolle spiritueller Bedürfnisse im Krankheits- und Behandlungsverlauf von Patienten mit malignem Melanom wenige Studien vor.
Methoden Die Studie untersucht religiöse/spirituelle Bedürfnisse und psychosoziale Belastungen bei n = 22 Patienten mit malignem Melanom zu 2 Zeitpunkten: stationärer Aufenthalt zur Entfernung der Wächterlymphknoten (t1) sowie 8 Wochen später (t2). Distress, Angst, Depressivität sowie spirituelle Bedürfnisse und Religiosität wurden mithilfe standardisierter Assessments (HSI, DT, HADS, PHQ; SpNQ; SpREUK) erfasst.
Ergebnisse Unabhängig von Belastung und Messzeitpunkt äußerten alle Patienten spirituelle Bedürfnisse. Besonders wichtig waren das Bedürfnis nach ganzheitlichem Heilsein, sozialer Einbindung, Gewissheit von Lebenssinn und Gespräch über Sorgen und Ängste. Es zeigte sich eine geringere psychische Belastung von Patienten, die sich selbst als religiös bezeichneten.
Diskussion Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Relevanz einer Berücksichtigung von spirituellen Bedürfnissen im klinischen und ambulanten Kontext der Krebsbehandlung. Die Befunde deuten außerdem darauf hin, dass Religiosität/Spiritualität eine wichtige Ressource bei der Krankheitsverarbeitung sein kann.
Schlussfolgerung Spirituelle Bedürfnisse sollten im Behandlungsprozess im Sinne eines integrativen Behandlungskonzepts sowohl von psychoonkologischer als auch von seelsorgerlicher Seite erfragt und berücksichtigt werden.
The effect of explanatory captions on the reception of foreign audiovisual products
Authors: Zheng Binghan , Xie Mingqing 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The present research triangulates questionnaire, retrospective interview and eyetracking data, aiming to investigate how Explanatory Captions (ECs) are received by different viewers with varied educational backgrounds, and whether or not the presence of ECs improves their understanding of the AV content. The results show that the provision of ECs, for a subtitled video in a foreign language, greatly increased positive cognitive effects on the viewers. Viewers tend to reduce time spent on viewing images, but invest additional processing effort on the ECs, although their allocation of processing effort on subtitles experienced little change. Furthermore, the eyetracking data suggest that most participants adopted a fixed reading pattern on subtitles and ECs when they appeared simultaneously, which could balance some of the negative impact of ECs on their viewing experience. The findings gained through this experimental research will provide some guidance and suggestions for subtitlers when preparing subtitles and ECs.
Release behavior of allyl sulfide from cyclodextrin inclusion complex of allyl sulfide under different storage conditions
Authors: Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Yoshii Hidefumi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The stability of allyl sulfide, an organosulfur compound present in garlic oil, in its α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes was investigated under various storage conditions. The complexes of cyclodextrins and allyl sulfide were prepared by spray drying. The storage temperature, relative humidity, and initial moisture content of the inclusion complex had different effects on the release rate of allyl sulfide. Allyl sulfide in α-cyclodextrin complexes had a lower release rate than in β- and γ-cyclodextrin complexes at 100 °C and at 50 °C under 6, 40, 54, and 73% relative humidity. The initial moisture content affected only the release rate of allyl sulfide from α-cyclodextrin complexes. The release behavior of allyl sulfide can be correlated with the first-order release rate equation with a normal Gaussian distribution of free energy of activation of release rate constant. The results indicated α-cyclodextrin is a suitable material for controlled release of allyl sulfide.
Predicting sustainable shark harvests when stock assessments are lacking
Authors: Bradshaw Corey J A , Prowse Thomas A A , Drew Michael , Gillanders Bronwyn M , Donnellan Steven C , Huveneers Charlie 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Effective fisheries management generally requires reliable data describing the target species’ life-history characteristics, the size of its harvested populations, and overall catch estimates, to set sustainable quotas and management regulations. However, stock assessments are often not available for long-lived marine species such as sharks, making predictions of the long-term population impacts of variable catch rates difficult. Fortunately, stage- or age-structured population models can assist if sufficient information exists to estimate survival and fertility rates. Using data collected from the bronze whaler (Carcharhinus brachyurus) fishery in South Australia as a case study, we estimated survival probabilities from life tables of harvested individuals, as well as calculated natural mortalities based on allometric predictions. Fertility data (litter size, proportion mature) from previous studies allowed us to build a fertility vector. Deterministic matrices built using estimates of life-table data or natural mortality (i.e. harvested-augmented and natural mortality) produced instantaneous rates of change of 0.006 and 0.025, respectively. Assuming an incrementing total catch at multiples of current rates, stochastic simulations suggest the relative rate of population decline starts to become precipitous around 25% beyond current harvest rates. This is supported by a sharp increase in weighted mean age of the population around 25% increase on current catches. If the catch is assumed to be proportional (i.e. a constant proportion of the previous year’s population size), the relative r declines approximately linearly with incrementing harvest beyond the current rate. A global sensitivity analysis based on a Latin-hypercube sampling design of seven parameters revealed that variation in the survival estimates derived from the life tables was by far the dominant (boosted-regression tree relative influence score = 91.14%) determinant of model performance (measured as variation in the long-term average rate of population change r). While current harvest rates therefore appear to be sustainable, we recommend that fisheries-management authorities attempt to sample a broader size range of individuals (especially older animals) and pursue stock assessments. Our models provide a framework for assessing the relative susceptibility of long-lived fishes to harvest pressure when detailed stock data are missing.
Giant galaxy growing from recycled gas: ALMA maps the circumgalactic molecular medium of the Spiderweb in [C i]
Authors: Emonts B H C , Lehnert M D , Dannerbauer H , De Breuck C , Villar-Martín M , Miley G K , Allison J R , Gullberg B , Hatch N A , Guillard P , Mao M Y , Norris R P 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the massive Spiderweb Galaxy, a conglomerate of merging proto-cluster galaxies at z = 2.2, forms an enriched interface where feedback and recycling act on accreted gas. This is shown by observations of [C i], CO(1-0), and CO(4-3) performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Australia Telescope Compact Array. [C i] and CO(4-3) are detected across ∼50 kpc, following the distribution of previously detected low-surface-brightness CO(1-0) across the CGM. This confirms our previous results on the presence of a cold molecular halo. The central radio galaxy MRC 1138-262 shows a very high global $L^{\prime}_{\rm CO(4-3)}$/$L^{\prime}_{\rm CO(1-0)}$ ∼ 1, suggesting that mechanisms other than FUV-heating by star formation prevail at the heart of the Spiderweb Galaxy. Contrary, the CGM has $L^{\prime}_{\rm CO(4-3)}$/$L^{\prime}_{\rm CO(1-0)}$ and $L^{\prime}_{\rm [C\,I]}$/$L^{\prime}_{\rm CO(1-0)}$ similar to the ISM of five galaxies in the wider proto-cluster, and its carbon abundance, $X_{\rm [C\,I]}$/$X_{\rm H_2}$, resembles that of the Milky Way and star-forming galaxies. The molecular CGM is thus metal-rich and not diffuse, confirming a link between the cold gas and in situ star formation. Thus, the Spiderweb Galaxy grows not directly through accretion of gas from the cosmic web, but from recycled gas in the CGM.
Increased Body Mass Index Associated With Reduced Risk of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Subsequent Infarction After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Rinaldo Lorenzo , Rabinstein Alejandro A , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Increased body mass index (BMI) may be protective against cerebral ischemia in certain clinical contexts.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether increased BMI was associated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and subsequent infarction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of patients presenting to our institution for management of aSAH. Patient were segregated according to BMI< or ≥29.4, a value determined by Classification and Regression Tree analysis. Predictors of DCI and delayed infarction were identified using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
There were 161 patients included for analysis. Average BMI within our patient cohort was 28.9, with 67 patients presenting with a BMI of ≥29.4 on admission. DCI occurred in 50 patients (31.1%) and was complicated by delayed infarction in 15 patients (9.3%). On stepwise multivariate analysis, BMI ≥ 29.4 was independently associated with reduced likelihood of DCI (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.92) and delayed infarction (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.61; P = .008). Increasing maximum flow velocity on transcranial Doppler ultrasound was independently associated with increased odds of both DCI (Unit OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.30; P < .001) and delayed infarction (Unit OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.56; P < .001), while intracerebral hemorrhage was independently associated with increased odds of delayed infarction (OR 6.99, 95% CI 1.82-30.25; P = .005).

CONCLUSION
We report an association between elevated BMI and reduced incidence of DCI and delayed infarction, suggesting a protective effect of increasing BMI on the risk of ischemic complications after aSAH.
Pharmacokinetic Properties of a Sufentanil Sublingual Tablet Intended to Treat Acute Pain
Authors: Fisher Dennis M. , Chang Peter , Wada D. Russell , Dahan Albert , Palmer Pamela P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Desirable product attributes for treatment of moderate-to-severe acute pain in many medically supervised settings are rapid onset and a route of administration not requiring intravenous access. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of sublingually administered tablets containing 15 or 30 µg of sufentanil are described.

Methods
Blood was sampled from healthy subjects (four studies, 122 subjects) and patients (seven studies, 944 patients). Studies in healthy subjects determined bioavailability, effect of inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4, and the plasma concentration profile with single and hourly sublingual doses. Studies in patients evaluated effects of weight, age, sex, and organ impairment on apparent clearance. Noncompartmental and mixed-effect population methods were used.

Results
Bioavailability of a single sublingual tablet was 52%, decreasing to 35% with repeat dosing. Ketoconazole (CYP3A4 inhibitor) increased maximum plasma concentration 19% and increased the area under the curve 77%. After a single 30-µg dose, plasma concentrations reached the published sufentanil analgesic threshold (24 pg/ml) within 30 min, peaked at 1 h, and then decreased below therapeutic concentrations by ~3 h. With hourly administration, plasma concentrations plateaued by the fifth dose. Time for concentrations to decrease 50% from maximal values was similar after 1 dose (2.5 ± 0.85 h) and 12 doses (2.5 ± 0.72 h). Clearance increased with weight, decreased with age, and was not affected by renal or hepatic impairment.

Conclusions
The time course of a single 30-µg dose was consistent with onset of analgesia and redosing frequency observed in clinical trials. Sublingual sufentanil tablets provide the opportunity to noninvasively and rapidly treat moderate-to-severe pain in a monitored setting.
Comparison of Transcutaneous and Serum Bilirubin Measurements in Neonates 30 to 34 JOURNAL/ancr/04.03/00149525-201804000-00012/12FSM1/v/2023-07-21T043933Z/r/image-gif Weeks' Gestation Before, During, and After Phototherapy
Authors: Jnah Amy , Newberry Desi M. , Eisenbeisz Elaine 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The use of noninvasive, transcutaneous bilirubin monitoring (TcB) as a jaundice screen in full-term infants is well established; however, there is a paucity of research evaluating the use of TcB in premature infants.

Purpose:
To compare agreement and consistency of transcutaneous and serum bilirubin measurements in a multiracial premature infant population ranging from 30 to 34

JOURNAL/ancr/04.03/00149525-201804000-00012/12FSM1/v/2023-07-21T043933Z/r/image-gif

weeks' gestation before, during, and after phototherapy.

Methods:
Forty-five neonates, 30 to 34

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weeks' gestation, were enrolled in this prospective, correlational study over a 12-month period. One set of paired transcutaneous and serum bilirubin measurements, per neonate, was obtained before phototherapy, during therapy, and after phototherapy. Exclusion criteria included neonates with positive direct coombs test or evidence of hemolytic disease, major congenital anomalies, hydrops fetalis, and those not expected to survive.

Results:
There was a strong, positive correlation between TcB and total serum monitoring (TSB) measurements obtained pretherapy (r = 0.797, P < .001). A moderate correlation was noted between TcB and TSB measurements obtained during therapy (r = 0.588, P < .001). A strong correlation was noted between TcB and TSB measurements obtained posttherapy (r = 0.869, P < .001). There were no significant differences between paired samples across time (F = 0.891, P = .41, partial η2 = 0.01). The TSB measurements were consistently lower than TcB pretherapy, during, and posttherapy.

Implications for Practice:
The TcB measurements provide a reliable estimation, generally within 2 to 3 mg/dL of TSB levels, in premature infants 30 to 34

JOURNAL/ancr/04.03/00149525-201804000-00012/12FSM1/v/2023-07-21T043933Z/r/image-gif

weeks' gestation.

Implications for Research:
Investigation of consumption of time and nursing personnel required to perform TcB testing, compared with TSB testing, is indicated. Cost analyses comparing TcB-driven screening protocols and interval TSB measurements, among premature infants, are indicated. As newer generations of TcB devices are approved for use, additional studies using mixed-race populations of premature infants will be necessary to continue to evaluate the reliability and validity of this screening tool within the everyday neonatal intensive care unit.
Ultrasound-Guided Laryngeal Air Column Width Difference as a New Predictor for Postextubation Stridor in Children
Authors: El Amrousy Doaa , Elkashlan Mohamed , Elshmaa Nagat , Ragab Ahmed 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To assess the efficacy of ultrasound-guided laryngeal air column width difference in predicting postextubation stridor in children.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Single, tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Patients:
This study was carried out at PICU and surgical ICU, Tanta University Hospital on 400 ventilated children between January 2015 and May 2017. Patients who received mechanical ventilation and met criteria for a weaning trial were included.

Intervention:
Laryngeal ultrasound and cuff leak test.

Measurements and Main Results:
Ultrasound-guided laryngeal air column width and cuff leak test were measured before extubation. Laryngeal air column width is the width of air between the vocal cords seen by laryngeal ultrasonography. Laryngeal air column width difference is the width difference of air column passed through vocal cords with the balloon cuff inflated and deflated. Three-hundred fifty six patients (89%) had no postextubation stridor, whereas 44 patients (11%) developed postextubation stridor. Postextubation stridor was associated with younger age, less weight, female gender, prolonged duration of intubation, and ICU stay (p < 0.05). Both laryngeal air column width difference and cuff leak test showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in patients with postextubation stridor in comparison with no postextubation stridor patients. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that laryngeal air column width difference at cutoff point of less than 0.8 mm gave a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 86%, and accuracy of 91%, whereas cuff leak test at less than 11% yielded a sensitivity of (61%), specificity of (53%), and accuracy of (59%) for predicting postextubation stridor.

Conclusions:
Laryngeal air column width difference measurement may serve as a simple reliable noninvasive method for predicting postextubation stridor in children.
Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Do-Not-Intubate and Comfort-Measures-Only Orders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Wilson Michael E. , Majzoub Abdul M. , Dobler Claudia C. , Curtis J. Randall , Nayfeh Tarek , Thorsteinsdottir Bjorg , Barwise Amelia K. , Tilburt Jon C. , Gajic Ognjen , Montori Victor M. , Murad M. Hassan 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To assess the effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure and do-not-intubate or comfort-measures-only orders.

Data Sources:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to January 1, 2017.

Study Selection:
Studies of all design types that enrolled patients in the ICU or hospital ward who received noninvasive ventilation and had preset do-not-intubate or comfort-measures-only orders.

Data Extraction:
Data abstraction followed Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Data quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Data Synthesis:
Twenty-seven studies evaluating 2,020 patients with do-not-intubate orders and three studies evaluating 200 patients with comfort-measures-only orders were included. In patients with do-not-intubate orders, the pooled survival was 56% (95% CI, 49–64%) at hospital discharge and 32% (95% CI, 21–45%) at 1 year. Hospital survival was 68% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 68% for pulmonary edema, 41% for pneumonia, and 37% for patients with malignancy. Survival was comparable for patients treated in a hospital ward versus an ICU. Quality of life of survivors was not reduced compared with baseline, although few studies evaluated this. No studies evaluated quality of dying in nonsurvivors. In patients with comfort-measures-only orders, a single study showed that noninvasive ventilation was associated with mild reductions in dyspnea and opioid requirements.

Conclusions:
A large proportion of patients with do-not-intubate orders who received noninvasive ventilation survived to hospital discharge and at 1 year, with limited data showing no decrease in quality of life in survivors. Provision of noninvasive ventilation in a well-equipped hospital ward may be a viable alternative to the ICU for selected patients. Crucial questions regarding quality of life in survivors, quality of death in nonsurvivors, and the impact of noninvasive ventilation in patients with comfort-measures-only orders remain largely unanswered.
Short-Latency Positive Peak Following N20 Somatosensory Evoked Potential Is Superior to N20 in Predicting Neurologic Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Kim Sung Wook , Oh Joo Suk , Park Jungtaek , Jeong Hyun Ho , Kim Ji Hoon , Wee Jung Hee , Oh Sang Hoon , Choi Seung Pill , Park Kyu Nam 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
The absence of N20 somatosensory evoked potential after cardiac arrest is related to poor outcome. However, discrimination between the low-amplitude and the absence of N20 is challenging. P25 and P30 are short-latency positive peaks with latencies between 25 and 30 ms following N20 (P25/30). P25/30 is evident even with an ambiguous N20 in patients with good outcome. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive value of P25/30 after cardiac arrest.

Design:
A retrospective observational study.

Setting:
University-affiliated hospital.

Subjects:
Comatose survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated by hypothermic targeted temperature management.

Intervention:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The specificity and the positive predictive value of P25/30 and N20 in predicting poor outcome were the same, showing a rate of 100%. The sensitivity of P25/30 in predicting poor outcome (90.12% [95% CI, 81.5–95.6%]) was higher than that of N20 (70.37% [95% CI, 59.2–80%]). Also, the negative predictive value of P25/30 in predicting poor outcome (81.4% [95% CI, 69.4–89.4%]) was higher than that of N20 (59.3% [95% CI, 51–67.1%]). The P25/30-based adjusted model showed a larger area under the curve (0.98 [95% CI, 0.95–1]) compared with the N20-based adjusted model (0.95 [95% CI, 0.91–0.98]) (p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
The absence of P25/30 is related to poor outcome with a higher sensitivity, negative predictive value than the absence of N20.