bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical correlation of liver function tests with suppression of cytokine signaling (SOCS1) gene expression in HCV infected patients: A real‐world clinical experience
Authors: Bin Wahid Sohaib , Ain Qurat Ul , Quraishi Azra , Wahid Braira 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver complications globally and suppressor of cytokine signaling‐1 (SOCS‐1) is a gene triggered by cytokines that activates transcription of the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway and negatively regulates Janus kinase‐signal transducer. Several studies have shown that the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 genes negatively regulate the response of HCV infection to interferon therapy and interferon‐free regimens. It has been reported that liver function enzymes elevate in CHC patients but the association of SOCS1 gene expression with LFTs haven't been studied. This study recruited 114 CHC patients and 112 normal healthy participants and analyzed the correlation of SOCS1 gene expression and liver function enzymes (LFEs). Herein, we observed that the expression of SOCS1 gene had a positive correlation with LFEs.
Impaired Fracture Healing in Sarco‐Osteoporotic Mice Can Be Rescued by Vibration Treatment Through Myostatin Suppression
Authors: Zhang Ning , Chim Yu Ning , Wang Jinyu , Wong Ronald Man Yeung , Chow Simon K. H. , Cheung Wing‐Hoi 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSarcopenia is highly prevalent in fragility fracture patients and is associated with delayed healing. In this study, we investigated the effect of low‐magnitude high‐frequency vibration (LMHFV) on osteoporotic fracture with sarcopenia and the potential role of myostatin. Osteoporotic fractures created in sarcopenic SAMP8, non‐sarcopenic SAMR1 were randomized to control or LMHFV (SAMP8, SAMR1, SAMP8‐V, or SAMR1‐V) groups. Healing and myostatin expression were evaluated at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post‐fracture. In vitro, conditioned‐media were collected from myofibers isolated from aged and young SAMP8 or C2C12 myoblasts with or without LMHFV. Osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 under osteogenic differentiation were treated with plain or conditioned‐medium (±myostatin propeptide). LMHFV significantly enhanced callus formation was in non‐sarcopenic SAMR1 mice; but the enhancement effect was not significant in SAMP8 mice at week 2. Myostatin expressions in callus and biceps femoris of SAMP8 group were significantly higher all groups with significant negative correlation with callus size (R2 = 0.7256; p = 0.0004). Mechanical properties (week 4) and callus remodeling (week 6) were inferior in SAMP8 versus SAMR1 and were significantly enhanced by LMHFV. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Runx2 expression of MC3T3‐E1 was lower in aged myofiber compared with young, but upregulated by LMHFV or myostatin inhibition; also confirmed with C2C12. LMHFV enhanced early callus formation, microarchitecture, callus remodeling and mechanical properties of fracture healing in both SAMP8 and SAMR1; however, more effective in non‐sarcopenic SAMR1 mice. Impaired fracture healing in sarcopenic SAMP8 mice is attributed by elevated myostatin expression in callus and muscle, which correlated negatively with callus formation. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:277‐287, 2020
Phase 3 Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Early Trophic Enteral Nutrition With “No Enteral Nutrition” in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Septic Shock
Authors: Patel Jayshil J. , Kozeniecki Michelle , Peppard William J. , Peppard Sarah R. , Zellner‐Jones Stephanie , Graf Jeanette , Szabo Aniko , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal dose and timing of enteral nutrition (EN) in septic shock are unclear.MethodsWe conducted a phase 3 single‐center randomized controlled pilot trial comparing early trophic EN with “no EN” in mechanically ventilated adults with septic shock, with the hypothesis that implementing a protocol comparing early trophic EN with “no EN” in patients with septic shock would be feasible. Patients were randomized to early trophic EN or “no EN” until off vasopressor for 3 hours. The primary outcome was feasibility in achieving >75% consent and compliance rate and <10% contamination rate.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐one patients were eligible for enrollment, and 49 were available for consent. Thirty‐one (86%) consented and were randomized and 100% of patients in the early EN arm and 94% in the “no EN” arm completed their protocols. While on vasopressors, early EN group received median 384 kcal, and the “no EN” group received median 0 kcal. Contamination rate was 0 in the early trophic EN arm and 6% in the “no EN” arm. The early EN group had median 25 intensive care unit–free days, as compared with 12 in the “no EN” arm (P = .014). The early EN arm had median 27 ventilator‐free days, compared with 14 in “no EN” arm (P = .009).ConclusionOur protocol comparing early trophic EN with “no EN” in septic shock was feasible. Early trophic EN may be beneficial, but a larger multicenter trial is warranted to confirm the observed clinical benefits seen in this trial.
The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III mucinous colon cancer
Authors: Fields Adam C. , Lu Pamela , Goldberg Joel , Irani Jennifer , Bleday Ronald , Melnitchouk Nelya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionMucinous adenocarcinoma is a subtype of colonic adenocarcinoma associated with worse survival compared to nonmucinous adenocarcinoma. Prior studies on the effect of chemotherapy on survival in mucinous adenocarcinoma have shown mixed results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on the survival of patients with stage II and III mucinous adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to identify patients diagnosed with stage II or III nonmucinous adenocarcinoma or mucinous adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2016. The primary outcome was overall survival.ResultsFourteen thousand and three hundred patients with stage II mucinous colon adenocarcinoma and 16 741 patients with stage III mucinous colon adenocarcinoma were identified. There was no significant difference in survival between nonmucinous adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma patients in adjusted analysis for stage II disease (HR:1.00, 95%CI:0.98‐1.02, P = .99), but there was a significant difference for stage III disease (HR:1.05, 95%CI:1.03‐1.07, P < .001). In propensity‐matched cohorts of patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma, chemotherapy was significantly associated with survival in stage II (HR:0.79, 95%CI:0.69‐0.90, P < .001) and stage III disease (HR:0.56, 95%CI:0.52‐0.60, P < .001).ConclusionsPatients with stage II or stage III mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon who are given adjuvant chemotherapy have significantly improved survival compared to patients not given chemotherapy.
Treatment outcome of chest wall soft tissue sarcomas: Analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Nakahashi Naoya , Emori Makoto , Tsuchie Hiroyuki , Nagasawa Hiroyuki , Sonoda Tomoko , Takada Kohichi , Miyajima Masahiro , Watanabe Atsushi , Shimada Yoichi , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) involving the chest wall are uncommon. The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence the prognosis of patients with primary chest wall STS.MethodsThe records of 38 patients (23 men and 15 women) who were treated at our institutions during 2002 to 2018 were reviewed. The following variables were evaluated as potential prognostic factors: sex, tumor size, chemotherapy, and completeness of surgical margins. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsOf the 38 included patients, 5 had low‐grade tumors and 33 had high‐grade tumors. Five patients required chest wall reconstruction including rib resection. Thirty patients (79%) underwent R0 resection. The 5‐year OS and DFS rates were 45% and 27%, respectively. Local recurrence developed in 7 patients. Multivariate analysis identified tumor size (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05‐16.24; P = .04) and R1/2 resection (HR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.12‐13.66; P = .03) as predictors of OS.ConclusionsPrognostic factors for survival included tumor size and completeness of surgical margins. Complete tumor excision is desirable, particularly in cases of early detection.
Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Complex Anal Fistula
Authors: Arroyo Antonio , Sánchez‐Guillén Luis , Parra Pedro Antonio , García‐Catalá Luis , Peña‐Ros Emilio , Ferrer‐Márquez Manuel , Nofuentes Riera Carmen , Barber‐Valles Xavier , Romero‐Simó Manuel 
Published: September 2019

Background and ObjectivesTo validate and analyze the results of intralesional photodynamic therapy in the treatment of complex anal fistula.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis prospective multicentric observational study enrolled patients treated for complex anal fistula who underwent intralesional photodynamic therapy (i‐PDT). The included patients were treated from January 2016 to December 2018 with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year to evaluate recurrence, continence and postoperative morbidity. Intralesional 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) gel (2%) was injected directly into the fistula. The internal and external orifices were closed. After an incubation period of 2 hours, the fistula was irradiated using an optical fiber connected to a red laser (Multidiode 630 PDT) operating at 1 W/cm for 3 minutes (180 J).ResultsIn total, 49 patients were included (61.2% male). The mean age was 48 years, and the mean duration of fistula was 13 months. Of the fistulas included, 75.5% were medium transphincteric, and 24.5% were high transphincteric. The median fistula length was 4 ± 1,14 cm (range: 3–5). A total of 41 patients (83.7%) had a previous history of fistula surgery. Preoperatively, some degree of anal incontinence was found in 5 patients (10.2%). No center reported any other procedure‐related complications intraoperatively. Phototoxicity was found in one patient. In the first 48 hours after the procedure, fever was reported in 2 patients (4%). At the end of follow‐up, total healing was observed in 32/49 patients (65.3%). No patient reported new incontinence postoperatively.Conclusioni‐PDT could be considered a good choice in patients with complex anal fistulas to avoid surgery and its complications. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene expression responses of tomato inoculated with Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
Authors: Djami‐Tchatchou Arnaud T. , Matsaunyane Lerato B. T. , Ntushelo Khayalethu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDefense responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) against attack by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), the causal agent of soft rot diseases, were studied. The expression of some tomato defense genes were evaluated by real‐time PCR quantification analysis, 24 and 72 hr after actively growing tomato plants were inoculated with Pcc. These included: MYB transcriptor factor, ethylene response element‐binding protein, suppressor of the G2 allele of Skp1, cytochrome P450, small Sar1 GTPase, hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, pathogenesis‐related protein 1a, endo‐1,3‐beta‐glucanase, chitinase, proteinase inhibitor, defensin, CC‐NBS‐LRR resistance protein, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. The results showed dynamic transcriptomic changes, with transcripts exhibiting different expression kinetics at 24 and 72 hr to confer resistance to tomato against Pcc infection.
Integral quality monitor (IQM®) signal correction factors for small fields to predict larger irregular segment output signals
Authors: Mahuvava Courage , Du Plessis Frederik Carl Phillipus 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo develop a method of correcting for the inaccuracies of small adjoined field segments in their contribution to larger fields in order to get a better match between their combined signals and the measured integral quality monitor (IQM) open field signals. This would enable the pre‐calculation of known irregular segment output signals per monitor unit (MU), which would be later useful for patient‐based dose calculations for treatment verification during pre‐treatment treatment validation using the IQM output signal per MU.MethodsSmall fields exhibit source obscurity and loss of scatter, resulting in smaller signals being measured by the IQM and the subsequent underestimation of IQM output signals of larger segments obtained by combining small segment signals. Larger field segments were broken down into a set of smaller, regular, abutted segments, whose individual signals were added together to get the predicted output signal of the larger field. The signal/MU for each smaller constituent segment was extracted at its exact location from measured IQM response maps, generated by irradiating the IQM with small elementary segments ranging from 1 × 1 cm2 –5 × 5 cm2, shifting each segment 1 cm at a time and measuring its corresponding output signal/MU throughout the entire IQM sensitive area. The predicted signal was weighed against the IQM‐measured signal of the open field to calculate a signal correction factor (CF) of each elementary segment size. The CFs were applied to known signals of each set of elementary fields before summation in order to pre‐calculate signals of larger irregular fields more accurately. The dependence of CFs on elementary segment size, location of the open field, and beam energy was investigated.ResultsCFs exhibited an exponential decrease with increase in elementary segment size. CFs were also invariant with beam energy, changing by ≤1% from 6–15 MV. Uncorrected signals for regular fields had relative errors of above 5% whilst signal correction reduced these errors down to ~0.4% (i.e., 99.6% accuracy). For irregular fields, signal correction reduced calculation errors from ~10% to well below 1.5%. Larger signal prediction errors were found when smaller segments were used to reconstruct the field. Open field size and location had a great impact on measured signals but virtually no significance on CFs.ConclusionsResults indicate that summation of small segment signals cannot sufficiently reproduce the same output given by an open field if individual elementary segment signals are not weighted with their respective CFs. This effect is particularly predominant for elementary segments 3 × 3 cm2 and for irregular fields. The method outlined enabled the calculation of signal CFs in order to match predicted signals with measured signals to 98.5% accuracy, thus enabling the pre‐calculation of irregular segment output signals/MU for future patient dose calculations.
Chronic Pancreatitis and Nutrition Therapy
Authors: O'Brien Stephen J. , Omer Endashaw 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChronic pancreatitis is a complex and irreversible disease of the pancreas and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Nutrition deficiencies in chronic pancreatitis are common and can be atypical in nature. As such, the management of these deficiencies can be individualized for patients. The aim of this review is to discuss the components of nutrition deficiencies in chronic pancreatitis, their management, and the current areas of research that are being explored. The clinical guidelines of major national and international societies were analyzed for recommendations on the nutrition management of chronic pancreatitis. The etiology of nutrition deficiencies in chronic pancreatitis is multifactorial and includes aspects of exocrine and/or endocrine dysfunction, significant abdominal pain, often persistent alcohol consumption, and increased metabolic activity. A large number of patients with nutrition deficiencies are underrecognized and undertreated. Although the majority of these patients can be managed by oral and pancreatic enzyme supplementation, some patients may require enteral tube feeding and, in rare cases, parenteral feeding. Current areas of research include the accurate identification of patients at risk for nutrition deficiencies, optimization of feeding regimens, and research into islet cell autotransplantation.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease
Authors: Shah Nihar , Rocha Jason P. , Bhutiani Neal , Omer Endashaw 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) describes a phenotype of pancreatic steatosis (PS) that is not caused by alcohol consumption, viral infections, toxins, or congenital metabolic syndromes but is associated with insulin resistance, malnutrition, obesity, metabolic syndrome, or increasing age. NAFPD is a relatively new disease entity, as the clinical significance of fatty infiltration of pancreas has gained attention recently. Clinical consequences of NAFPD remain largely unknown despite clinical associations. This review aims to study similarities and differences between hepatic and PS and explore recent advances in NAFPD.
Efficient Tandem LysC/Trypsin Digestion in Detergent Conditions
Authors: Hakobyan Anna , Schneider Martin Bernd , Liesack Werner , Glatter Timo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAll shotgun proteomics experiments rely on efficient proteolysis steps for sensitive peptide/protein identification and quantification. Previous reports suggest that the sequential tandem LysC/trypsin digest yields higher recovery of fully tryptic peptides than single‐tryptic proteolysis. Based on the previous studies, it is assumed that the advantageous effect of tandem proteolysis requires a high sample denaturation state for the initial LysC digest. Therefore, to date, all systematic assessments of LysC/trypsin proteolysis are done in chaotropic environments such as urea. Here, sole trypsin is compared with LysC/trypsin and it is shown that tandem digestion can be carried with high efficiency in Mass Spectrometry‐compatible detergents, thereby resulting in higher quantitative yields of fully cleaved peptides. It is further demonstrated that higher cleavage efficiency of tandem digests has a positive impact on absolute protein quantification using intensity‐based absolute quantification (iBAQ) values. The results of the examination of divergent urea tandem conditions imply that beneficial effects of the initial LysC digest do not depend on the sample denaturation state, but, are mainly caused by different target specificities of LysC and trypsin. The observed detergent compatibility enables tandem digestion schemes to be implemented in efficient cellular solubilization proteomics procedures without the need for buffer exchange to chaotropic environments.
Synthesis and Surface Activity of N‐coco Propylene Bis‐guanidine Hydrochloride
Authors: Wang Mengwei , Li Yunling , Wu Zhifang , Li Jun , Wang Zhifei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMonoguanidine and biguanidine salts are widely studied and used in various fields because of their excellent properties, but the study of bis‐guanidine surfactants of single carbon chain and double head groups connected with spacer groups is relatively lacking. In this paper, N‐coco propylene bis‐guanidine hydrochloride (CPGH) was synthesized by neutralization reaction and guanidine reaction, the structure of the product was characterized through some means. The surface properties of the product were studied by measuring and calculating the surface tension, contact angle, dynamic surface tension and conductivity. Compared with the same type of dodecylguanidine hydrochloride (G−Cl) and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC), CPGH has higher efficiency of reducing surface tension. It is also found that the adsorption and diffusion ability of CPGH is proportional to its concentration. The results of electrical conductivity show that the formation of micelles is spontaneous. By studying the microstructure of CPGH with different concentrations, it is found that the morphology of CPGH is related to the surface charge distribution and concentration of micelles.
Synthesis of 1,4,2‐Oxathiazoles via Norrish Type II Generation of Thiocarbonyls
Authors: Ong Michelle J. H. , Hewitt Russell J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeveral previously inaccessible 1,4,2‐oxathiazoles have been prepared by [3 + 2] cycloaddition of nitrile oxides and highly reactive thioaldehydes and thioketones. Generated via photolytic cleavage of 2‐phenacyl sulfides (Norrish type II photolytic cleavage), these reactive thiocarbonyls provide a broad library of 1,4,2‐oxathiazole structures which other methods have failed to achieve. We also report the thermal fragmentation of these 1,4,2‐oxathiazoles, in which both fragmentation to nitrile or isothiocyanate may occur. 5H‐1,4,2‐Oxathiazoles have shown to fragment to nitrile even in the absence of base. At elevated temperatures, fragmentation to isothiocyanates occurred in preference to nitriles.
Preparation of Nanostructured Pd‐Fe2O3 Catalyst for C–C Coupling Reaction
Authors: Shukla Astha , Singha Rajib Kumar , Sasaki Takehiko , Prasad V V D N , Bal Rajaram 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe have synthesized palladium nanoparticles supported iron oxide catalyst by controlled deposition of palladium in presence of triethanolamine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), where triethanolamine act as mild reducing agent and PVP act as capping agent. Prepared (0.9% Pd‐Fe2O3CD) catalyst showed high activity towards Heck coupling reaction, under mild reaction conditions. Different analytical techniques were systematically employed to characterize the prepared material in order to find the specific surface area, Pd loading, crystal structure, surface morphology, particle size, reducibility behavior, surface chemical state, phase purity and crystallinity, optical property and local environment of active species etc. 0.9% Pd‐Fe2O3CD catalyst showed high activity toward Heck coupling with iodo‐derivatives at room temperature in solvent‐free reaction conditions and prevented the leaching of active species, during catalysis. The catalyst possessed strong metal‐support interaction due to smaller Pd nanoparticles (2‐12 nm) and maintained its heterogeneous nature during recycling experiments.
Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Physicochemical Properties of Waxy Maize Starch
Authors: Wang Jue , Wen Zhangrong , Fu Pengxiao , Lu Weiping , Lu Dalei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAppropriate nitrogen fertilization is essential for improving grain yield and starch quality, while reducing N fertilizer costs. The starch physicochemical properties of two waxy maize hybrids, namely, Suyunuo5 (SYN5) and Yunuo7 (YN7), under N rates of 0 (zero N application [N0]), 150 (low N rate [LN]), 225 (moderate N rate [MN]), and 300 (high N rate [HN]) kg ha–1 are elucidated. Grain starch content initially increases, peaks at MN, and decreases as N rate is increased. N fertilization reduces the starch granule size of YN7. The starch granule size of SYN5 increases under MN. SYN5 exhibits high short/long amylopectin chain ratios under LN and MN. The short/long amylopectin chain ratio of YN7 is unaffected by MN but is increases by LN and HN. The swelling power of YN7 is similar among different N levels, whereas that of SYN5 increases under N fertilization. N fertilization changes starch pasting and thermal properties. Starch with large granules exhibit high trough, final, and setback viscosities and gelatinization temperatures. Starch with high long‐chain ratios is susceptible to retrogradation. In conclusion, appropriate N application (225 kg ha–1 for SYN5 and 150 kg ha–1 for YN7) favors starch accumulation, and starch has high viscosity and low retrogradation tendency.