bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LIBERDADE, IGUALDADE E A QUALIDADE DA DEMOCRACIA: COTEJO ENTRE O EIU’s INDEX E O IDH
Authors: Corralo Giovani Da Silva 
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a democracia, especialmente os seus pilares fundamentais: a liberdade e a igualdade. Busca-se superar as concepções formais de democracia para adentrar na sua análise qualitativa. Longe de se buscar qualquer pureza metodológica, utiliza-se o método hipotético-dedutivo na elaboração desta pesquisa científica. Para tanto, analisa-se a evolução da democracia, seus primórdios na antiguidade, seu desenvolvimento na modernidade e a sua conformação na pós-modernidade. Em sequência perpassa-se a qualidade da democracia, a fim de superar o formalismo. Por fim, faz-se um cotejo entre o Índice de Democracia do Economist Intelligence Unit e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, com o fim de demonstrar a relação direta entre a liberdade e a igualdade enquanto elementos essenciais para a existência de uma democracia.
Remaining gaps in open source software for Big Spatial Data
Authors: de Sousa Luís Moreira 
Published: October 2018

The volume and coverage of spatial data has increased dramatically in recent years, with Earth observation programmes producing dozens of GB of data on a daily basis. The term Big Spatial Data is now applied to data sets that impose real challenges to researchers and practitioners alike. As rule, these data are provided in highly irregular geodesic grids, defined along equal intervals of latitude and longitude, a vastly inefficient and burdensome topology. Compounding the problem, users of such data end up taking geodesic coordinates in these grids as a Cartesian system, implicitly applying Marinus of Tyre's projection.
A first approach towards the compactness of global geo-spatial data is to work in a Cartesian system produced by an equal-area projection. There are a good number to choose from, but those supported by common GIS software invariably relate to the sinusoidal or pseudo-cylindrical families, that impose important distortions of shape and distance. The land masses of Antarctica, Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Russia are particularly distorted with such projections. A more effective approach is to store and work with data in modern cartographic projections, in particular those defined with the Platonic and Archimedean solids. In spite of various attempts at open source software supporting these projections, in practice they remain today largely out of reach to GIS practitioners. This communication reviews persisting difficulties in working with global big spatial data, current strategies to address such difficulties, the compromises they impose and the remaining gaps in open source software.
Changes in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5-HT2A receptor
Authors: Preller Katrin H , Burt Joshua B , Ji Jie Lisa , Schleifer Charles H , Adkinson Brendan D , Stämpfli Philipp , Seifritz Erich , Repovs Grega , Krystal John H , Murray John D , Vollenweider Franz X , Anticevic Alan 
Published: October 2018

Background:Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has agonist activity at various serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine receptors. Despite the therapeutic and scientific interest in LSD, specific receptor contributions to its neurobiological effects remain unknown.Methods:We therefore conducted a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over studyduring which 24 healthy human participants received either (i) placebo+placebo, (ii) placebo+LSD (100 µg po), or (iii) Ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist,+LSD. We quantified resting-state functional connectivity via a data-driven global brain connectivity method and compared it to cortical gene expression maps.Results:LSD reduced associative, but concurrently increased sensory-somatomotor brain-wide and thalamic connectivity. Ketanserin fully blocked the subjective and neural LSD effects. Whole-brain spatial patterns of LSD effects matched 5-HT2A receptor cortical gene expression in humans.Conclusions:Together, these results strongly implicate the 5-HT2A receptor in LSD’s neuropharmacology. This study therefore pinpoints the critical role of 5-HT2A in LSD’s mechanism, which informs its neurobiology and guides rational development of psychedelic-based therapeutics.Funding:Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Neuromatrix Foundation, the Usona Institute, the NIH, the NIAA, the NARSAD Independent Investigator Grant, the Yale CTSA grant, and the Slovenian Research Agency.Clinical trial number:NCT02451072.
Myofascial release of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Sucher Benjamin M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Current treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome may be ineffective or associated with complications or recurrence. In the case reported here, a myofascial release by the physician combined with the patient's self-stretch reduced pain and numbness and improved electromyographic results. The manipulative approach releases the transverse carpal ligament, and "opens"or dilates the canal. The patient stretches the wrist, digits, and thumb, including myofascial components. An aggressive, conservative approach lessens the need for surgery in mild to moderate cases. Studies with magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful to document canal size before and after treatment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, relapsing polychondritis, and pyoderma gangrenosum evolving into non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Hedayati Hadi , Zuzga John J. , Faber D. Bruce 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In human beings, the function of the immune system and of inflammation is to protect the individual against invading organisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi as well as thermal and mechanical injuries. The inflammatory process, initiated to destroy foreign organisms or an inappropriate immune response/target tissue, may lead to injury, the destruction of host tissue, and the development of the disease process. This article describes the history of a patient with four disorders of unknown cause, all of which may have evolved from one immunologic aberration.
Procedures to follow when dismissing an intern or resident
Authors: Baker Helen H. , Opipari Michael 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Rarely, interns or residents may be unable or unwilling to perform satisfactorily in a graduate medical education program. In such instances, the director of medical education or residency director (or both) must inform the trainee of his or her deficiency and provide appropriate counseling, generally with the opportunity for remediation. If dismissal becomes necessary, due process must be followed, and the institution must keep documentation that appropriate procedures were followed These necessary procedures are outlined herein.
Hemorrhagic adrenal cyst
Authors: Cunningham Mark D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Adrenal cysts are uncommon. They may be fatal if they hemorrhage and are not rapidly diagnosed. Most adrenal cysts are small and asymptomatic. When they are symptomatic, it is usually because the cyst has enlarged, causing flank discomfort, gastrointestinal complaints, and hemorrhage. Occasionally, a palpable mass may be found. It is thought that hemorrhage occurs secondary to trauma or some toxic or infectious process. The author describes a case in which a previously healthy man had a sudden hemorrhage within a benign adrenal cyst with infarction of the kidney. A discussion of adrenal cysts follows.
Anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation
Authors: Weiner Ronald I. , Maranhao Vladir , Levine Howard B. , Aji Janah , Blaker Alan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Five patients who underwent cardiac catheterization at three separate institutions during a period of 6 years were found to have anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation. Although it is not uncommon to detect this defect in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, it may be an unusual finding for an angiographer who works primarily with adults. This article serves as a reminder of the existence of this potentially confusing anomaly, usually associated with other congenital cardiac abnormalities.
The HIV-infected house officer: Residency training issues
Authors: Condoluci David V. , Fernandez Enrique S. , Troutman Tad H. , Herbert Barbara 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Efforts to fully integrate physicians infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into residency programs have been complicated by concerns of the potential risks of viral transmission from physician to patient. Despite numerous studies, this potential risk has not been quantified. This article addresses the issue of HIV-infected interns and residents, classifying HIV as a potential disability. The suggested recommendations emphasize routine monitoring and evaluation of professional competence and compliance with proper infection control procedures, as delineated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The need for hospital-wide guidelines and adequate health and disability insurance are also discussed.
Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase from Citrobacter sp. S‐77 is post‐translationally modified by CoA (protein CoAlation) under oxidative stress
Authors: Tsuji Kohsei , Yoon Ki‐Seok , Ogo Seiji 
Published: October 2018

Protein CoAlation (S‐thiolation by coenzyme A) has recently emerged as an alternative redox‐regulated post‐translational modification by which protein thiols are covalently modified with coenzyme A (CoA). However, little is known about the role and mechanism of this post‐translational modification. In the present study, we investigated CoAlation of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from a facultative anaerobic Gram‐negative bacterium Citrobacter sp. S‐77 (CbGAPDH). GAPDH is a key glycolytic enzyme whose activity relies on the thiol‐based redox‐regulated post‐translational modifications of active‐site cysteine. LC‐MS/MS analysis revealed that CoAlation of CbGAPDH occurred in vivo under sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) stress. The purified CbGAPDH was highly sensitive to overoxidation by H2O2 and NaOCl, which resulted in irreversible enzyme inactivation. By contrast, treatment with coenzyme A disulphide (CoASSCoA) or H2O2/NaOCl in the presence of CoA led to CoAlation and inactivation of the enzyme; activity could be recovered after incubation with dithiothreitol, glutathione and CoA. CoAlation of the enzyme in vitro was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The presence of a substrate, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate, fully protected CbGAPDH from inactivation by CoAlation, suggesting that the inactivation is due to the formation of mixed disulphides between CoA and the active‐site cysteine Cys149. A molecular docking study also supported the formation of mixed disulphide without steric constraints. These observations suggest that CoAlation is an alternative mechanism to protect the redox‐sensitive thiol (Cys149) of CbGAPDH against irreversible oxidation, thereby regulating enzyme activity under oxidative stress.
Optical coherence tomography features in brothers with aspartylglucosaminuria
Authors: Goodspeed Kimberly , Harder Lana , Hughes Samuel , Conger Darrel , Taravella Julia , Gray Steven J , Minassian Berge 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAspartylglucosaminuria is a lysosomal storage disorder enriched in Finland. We report on a pair of non‐Finnish siblings with aspartylglucosaminuria with autofluorescent inclusion bodies on optical coherence tomography, a finding not previously reported in this disorder. We performed a record review, neurological and neuropsychological evaluation, brain MRI, and optical coherence tomography for each patient. They are compound heterozygous for a 34‐kb deletion and a c.365C>A novel variant of the AGA gene. Autofluorescent inclusion bodies were found on optical coherence tomography in the older, more severely affected brother. We hypothesize the finding represents a noninvasive biomarker of disease severity for aspartylglucosaminuria.
3D Cell Printing of Perfusable Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent Composed of Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis for Better Structural Recapitulation of Native Skin
Authors: Kim Byoung Soo , Gao Ge , Kim Jae Yun , Cho Dong‐Woo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough skin cell‐printing has exhibited promises for fabrication of functional skin equivalents, existing skin models through 3D cell printing are still composed of dermal and epidermal layers. However, a key hope for printing skin is to improve structural complexity of human skin over conventional construction, enabling the precise localization of multiple cell types and biomaterials. Here, the complexity of skin anatomy is increased using 3D cell printing. A novel printing platform is suggested for engineering a matured perfusable vascularized 3D human skin equivalent composed of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The skin model is evaluated using functional markers representing each region of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis to confirm tissue maturation. It is hypothesized that the vascularized dermal and hypodermal compartments that provide a more realistic microenvironment can promote cross‐talks with the epidermal compartment, producing better recapitulation of epidermal morphogenesis. Skin stemness in epithelial tissue is investigated. These findings reveal that the full‐thickness skin has more similarities to the native human skin compared with the dermal and epidermal skin model, indicating that it better reflects the actual complexity of native human skin. It is envisioned that it offers better predictive and reliable in vitro platform for investigation of mechanisms of pathological research and skin disease modeling.
Electronic and Optical Excitations at the Pyridine/ZnO(101¯0) Hybrid Interface
Authors: Turkina Olga , Nabok Dmitrii , Gulans Andris , Cocchi Caterina , Draxl Claudia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBy combining all‐electron density‐functional theory with many‐body perturbation theory, a prototypical inorganic/organic hybrid system, composed of pyridine molecules that are chemisorbed on the nonpolar ZnO() surface is investigated. The approximation is employed to describe its one‐particle excitations in terms of the quasiparticle band structure, and the Bethe–Salpeter equation is solved to obtain the absorption spectrum. The different character of the constituents leads to very diverse self‐energy corrections of individual Kohn–Sham states, and thus the band structure is distinctively different from its DFT counterpart, that is, many‐body effects cannot be regarded as a rigid shift of the conduction bands. The nature of the optical excitations at the interface over a wide energy range is explored and it is shown that various kinds of electron‐hole pairs are formed, comprising hybrid excitons and (hybrid) charge‐transfer excitations. The absorption onset is characterized by a strongly bound bright ZnO‐dominated hybrid exciton. For the selected examples of either exciton type, the individual contributions from the valence and conduction bands are analyzed and the binding strength and extension of the electron‐hole wavefunctions are discussed.
The effect of maxillary sinus antrostomy size on the sinus microbiome
Authors: Kim Alexander S. , Willis Amanda L. , Laubitz Daniel , Sharma Saurabh , Song Brian H. , Chiu Alexander G. , Le Christopher H. , Chang Eugene H. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe optimal maxillary antrostomy size to surgically treat sinusitis is not well known. In this study, we examined clinical metrics of disease severity and symptom scores, measured secreted inflammatory markers, and characterized the sinus microbiome to determine if there were significant differences in outcome between different maxillary ostial sizes.MethodsProspective randomized, single‐blinded clinical trial enrolling 12 individuals diagnosed with recurrent acute or chronic rhinosinusitis. Each patient was blinded and randomized to receive minimal maxillary ostial dilation via balloon sinuplasty on 1 side vs a mega‐antrostomy on the contralateral side. Data collected included symptom scores (20‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT‐20]), endoscopy, and radiologic Lund‐Mackay scores. During surgery and at their postoperative visit swabs were obtained from each maxillary sinus, and 16S DNA and inflammatory cytokine levels analyzed. The use of each patient as their own control allowed us to minimize confounding variables.ResultsThere was statistically significant improvement in SNOT‐20 symptom scores postoperatively in all patients. There were no significant differences between maxillary ostial size in postoperative endoscopy scores, cytokine profile, or bacterial burden. There were statistically significant differences in relative postoperative abundance of Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Cyanobacteria between the mega‐antrostomy and mini‐antrostomy.ConclusionsThe method used in surgical maxillary antrostomies had no effect on endoscopy scores or cytokine profiles. Microbiome analysis determined significant differences between the different antrostomy sizes in postoperative Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Cyanobacteria abundance. The clinical significance of these changes in the sinus microbiome are not known but may be a result of increased access to postoperative sinonasal irrigations.
Fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by Klebsiella oxytoca: an autopsy case report
Authors: Nagamura Tatsunori , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Terayama Takero , Higashiyama Daishi , Seno Soichiro , Isoi Naoaki , Katsurada Yuka , Matsubara Akiko , Yoshimura Yuya , Sekine Yasumasa , Akitomi Shinji , Sato Kimiya , Tsuda Hitoshi , Saitoh Daizoh , Ikeuchi Hisashi 
Published: October 2018

CaseWe describe a rare case of antibiotic‐associated fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by Klebsiella oxytoca. A 79‐year‐old man with a history of antibiotic therapy was admitted to our emergency department, complaining of consciousness disturbance. Initially, we suspected septic shock and diabetic ketoacidosis caused by intestinal infection. Although we administered sufficient extracellular fluid, his blood pressure was not elevated and his abdomen gradually swelled.OutcomeThe patient died of shock and abdominal compartment syndrome. Autopsy revealed widespread jejunal necrosis in conjunction with colitis, suggesting fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by K. oxytoca infection.ConclusionAs the clinical features of pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by K. oxytoca resemble the features of colitis caused by Clostridium difficile, conservative therapy is applied first. However, fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis is a lethal disease, necessitating early operation for resection of the necrotic lesion. This report highlights the need for better surgical criteria at an early stage.
Dualmodus‐Lichttransduktion durch einen plastisch biegbaren organischen Kristall als optischer Wellenleiter
Authors: Catalano Luca , Karothu Durga Prasad , Schramm Stefan , Ahmed Ejaz , Rezgui Rachid , Barber Timothy J. , Famulari Antonino , Naumov Panče 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEin Anthracenderivat, 9,10‐Dicyanoanthracen, kristallisiert in Form fluoreszierender nadelförmiger Einkristalle, die leicht in zwei Richtungen plastisch verformt werden können. Ortsaufgelöste Photolumineszenzanalyse zeigt auf, dass dieses Material mit robusten optoelektronischen Eigenschaften ausgestattet ist, die selbst bei extremer Kristallverformung erhalten bleiben. Diese hochflexiblen Kristalle wurden erfolgreich als effiziente schaltbare Lichtwellenleiterelemente sowohl für aktive als auch für passive Lichttransduktion getestet. Die Funktionsweise hängt dabei von der Wellenlänge des einfallenden Lichts ab. Die vorgestellte prototypische organisch optische Dualmodus‐Kristallfaser führt zu möglichen Anwendungen von mechanisch biegsamen molekularen organischen Kristalle als neuartige lichttransduzierende Medien zur drahtlosen Übertragung von Informationen in rein organischen mikrooptoelektronischen Vorrichtungen.
Numerical simulation of the mechanical properties of a carbon‐fiber‐reinforced hollow glass microsphere–epoxy syntactic foam
Authors: Wang Yaosheng , Ya Bin , Zhou Bingwen , Meng Linggang , Zhang Xingguo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe addition of carbon fibers has a great influence on the mechanical properties of hollow glass microsphere (HGM)–epoxy syntactic foam. Thus, to elucidate the reinforcement mechanism, the numerical simulation of HGM‐ and carbon‐fiber‐filled epoxy matrixes was carried out. The effect of the orientation of carbon fibers on the elastic modulus and stress distribution was studied. The effect of the elastic modulus of the matrix on the change of force was also studied. We noted that the orientation of carbon fibers affected the elastic modulus of the matrix, and when the carbon fibers were distributed in the direction of force, the elastic modulus of the matrix reached its maximum. The maximum stress of HGMs decreased with increasing matrix elastic modulus, and the mechanical properties of the syntactic foam increased with increasing elastic modulus of the matrix. When the carbon fibers were distributed in the direction of the force, the enhancement effect was the best. Because the carbon fibers had a higher elastic modulus than the matrix, the degree of compressive deformation of the carbon fibers was smaller than that of the matrix. During compression, carbon fibers were pulled out and consumed a lot of energy. Thus, the mechanical properties of the syntactic foam were improved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47083.
Chitin‐halloysite nanoclay hydrogel composite adsorbent to aqueous heavy metal ions
Authors: Nguyen Khoa Dang , Trang Truong Thi Cam , Kobayashi Takaomi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTHalloysite nanoclay (HNC) was mixed with Chitin hydrogel film by phase inversion in water vapor atmosphere at room temperature. In the preparation, Chitin was dissolved in N,N‐dimethyl acetamine/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) and different amounts of HCN was dispersed well for the gelation process. The resultant Chitin‐Halloysite nanoclay (CTH) hydrogel films containing HCN at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 4 wt % were used for the adsorbents of heavy metal ions. As the results, the tensile strength of the hydrogel composite was enhanced from 0.34 to 0.71 N/mm2 while the elongation decreased from 66.43% to 49.93% with the increment of HNC concentration from 0 to 4 wt %. A reduction in the water content and the increment in the modulus confirmed the formation of highly dispersed nano‐composites with improved interfacial interactions between nano‐fillers and matrix. In the adsorption experiments of the ternary ion of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+, the removal capacity of Pb(II) was highly retained by the CTH hydrogel film relative to Cd(II) and Cu(II), shown Langmuir model with the maximum binding amount on the hydrogel composites were followed as order Pb (8.2 mg/g), Cu (4.2 mg/g), and Cd (2.1 mg/g). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47207.