bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)‐Mediated Electrochemical Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic C−H Bonds
Authors: Mo Yiming , Jensen Klavs F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectroorganic chemistry has emerged as an environmentally benign tool for synthetic chemists to achieve efficient transformations that are challenging with traditional reagent‐based methods. Continuous flow chemistry brings pharmaceutical industry numerous advantages, but implementing electroorganic synthesis in flow is challenging, especially for electroorganic reactions with coupled electrode reactions and slow chemical reactions. We present a continuous electrolysis system engineered for N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) mediated electrochemical aerobic oxidation of benzylic C−H bonds. First, a cation‐exchange membrane prevents the crossover of the NHPI anion from anolyte to catholyte avoiding reductive decomposition of NHPI at the cathode, and enables the usage of a cost‐effective reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode instead of a platinum electrode. Second, running the electrochemical flow cell with recycle streams accommodates the inherently slow kinetics of the chemical reaction without phthalimide‐N‐oxyl (PINO) radical self‐decomposition at the anode, and allows the usage of gaseous oxygen as co‐oxidant.
Association between patient‐reported hearing and visual impairments and functional, psychological, and cognitive status among older adults with cancer
Authors: Soto‐Perez‐de‐Celis Enrique , Sun Can‐Lan , Tew William P. , Mohile Supriya Gupta , Gajra Ajeet , Klepin Heidi D. , Owusu Cynthia , Gross Cary Philip , Muss Hyman B. , Lichtman Stuart M. , Chapman Andrew E. , Cohen Harvey Jay , Dale William , Kim Heeyoung , Fernandes Simone , Katheria Vani , Hurria Arti 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDHearing and visual impairments are common among community‐dwelling older adults, and are associated with psychological, functional, and cognitive deficits. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding their prevalence among older patients with cancer.METHODSThe current study was a secondary analysis combining 2 prospective cohorts of adults aged ≥65 years with solid tumors who were receiving chemotherapy. The authors assessed the association between patient‐reported hearing and/or visual impairment (defined as fair/poor grading by self‐report) and physical function, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), anxiety, depression, and cognition. Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize patient and treatment characteristics. One‐way analysis of variance and chi‐square tests were conducted as appropriate to examine differences between patients with and without sensory impairments. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between sensory impairments and outcomes.RESULTSAmong 750 patients with a median age of 72 years who had solid tumors (29% with breast/gynecological tumors, 28% with lung tumors, and 27% with gastrointestinal tumors), approximately 18% reported hearing impairment alone, 11% reported visual impairment alone, and 7% reported dual sensory impairment. Hearing impairment was associated with IADL dependence (odds ratio [OR], 1.9), depression (OR, 1.6), and anxiety (OR, 1.6). Visual impairment was associated with IADL dependence (OR, 1.9), poor physical function (OR, 1.9), and depression (OR, 2.5). Dual impairment was associated with IADL dependence (OR, 2.8), anxiety (OR, 2.3), depression (OR, 2.5), and cognitive impairment (OR, 3.2).CONCLUSIONSSensory impairment is common among older adults with cancer. Patients with sensory impairment are more likely to have functional, psychological, and cognitive deficits. Interventions aimed at improving the vision and hearing of older adults with cancer should be studied. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Energy‐aware strategies for task‐parallel sparse linear system solvers
Authors: Aliaga José I. , Barreda María , Castaño Asunción 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWe present several energy‐aware strategies to improve the energy efficiency of a task‐parallel preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) iterative solver on a Haswell‐EP Intel Xeon. These techniques leverage the power‐saving states of the processor, promoting the hardware into a more energy‐efficient C‐state and modifying the CPU frequency (P‐states of the processors) of some operations of the PCG. We demonstrate that the application of these strategies during the main operations of the iterative solver can reduce its energy consumption considerably, especially for memory‐bound computations.
Isolation‐induced ultrasonic vocalizations in pups: A comparison between Long‐Evans, Sprague–Dawley, and Wistar rats
Authors: Schwarting Rainer K. W. , Wöhr Markus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRat pup ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) are usually studied in outbred rats belonging to either Long‐Evans, Sprague–Dawley, or Wistar stocks, but these were not compared so far. We therefore performed a stock comparison and analyzed USV of male pups (postnatal day 11) belonging to these three stocks. Pups of all three stocks showed substantial isolation‐induced USV, but differed in various call features, like call numbers, peak frequency, and frequency modulation. Also, three different call types were identified by means of a quantitative approach based on peak frequency and frequency modulation, and it was found that their proportions differed between stocks. These results are discussed with respect to functional aspects of pup USV.
Petrogenesis of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Zha'ertai area, Inner Mongolia: Constraints from trace elements and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes
Authors: Kang Ming , Siqin Bilige , Tong Ruiling , Tang Zijian , Yue Changcheng , Gao Chao , Yuan Ye , Liu Xiaofeng , Chen Yu 
Published: May 2018

The Mesozoic acid volcanic rocks of the Zha'ertai area, located in Inner Mongolia, were formed in the late Early Cretaceous and resulted in polymetallic deposits of gold, silver, and other precious metals with huge commercial value. The more developed acid volcanic rocks include subvolcanic and pyroclastic rocks and volcanic lava, with SiO2 of 73.18–83.82%, Na2O + K2O of 6.17–9.03%, and K2O/Na2O of 1.28–70.27%. These rocks are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements and high‐field strength elements. They are also enriched in light rare earth elements (REEs), with light to heavy REE ratios of 2.91–14.30; light to heavy REE fractionation is significant, and there are obvious negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.02–0.25). The acid volcanic rocks have extremely low TiO2, MgO, P2O5, and TFe2O3 contents, exhibit significant enrichment in Th, U, and Pb, and are strongly depleted in Ba and Sr, showing the trace elements feature of A‐type rhyolite. The rocks have smaller (87Sr/86Sr)i, lower εNd (t), younger TDM2, lower (206Pb/204Pb)i,(207Pb/204Pb)i, and (208Pb/204Pb)i. The acid volcanic rocks differ considerably from the intermediate to basic volcanic rocks in geochemical composition, and there is a compositional hiatus present in the succession. This indicates that neither endmember of these Mesozoic bimodal volcanic rocks is cogenetic and that rhyolitic rocks might not be a product of basaltic magma crystallization differentiation. Instead, they may result from partial melting of crust‐derived rock, stemming from partial melting of rocks in the pre‐existing crust underplated by mantle‐derived magma. This suggests that the acid volcanic rocks were formed in a lithospheric extensional setting during the Early Cretaceous.
The impact of lung function case‐finding tests on smoking behaviour: A nested randomised trial within a case‐finding cohort
Authors: Ronaldson Sarah J. , Dyson Lisa , Clark Laura , Hewitt Catherine E. , Torgerson David J. , Cooper Brendan G. , Kearney Matt , Laughey William , Raghunath Raghu , Steele Lisa , Rhodes Rebecca , Adamson Joy ,   on behalf of the DOC study team
Published: May 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesIncreasing awareness of people's lung health through the use of lung function tests or symptom‐based questionnaires is a potential method to aid smoking cessation. We investigated the impact of case‐finding lung function tests for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on smoking behaviour.MethodsOur trial used a novel waiting list randomised controlled trial design, nested within a case‐finding cohort study. The cohort comprised current smokers aged 35 years or more, from general practices in Yorkshire and Humberside, who were randomised to receive lung function tests (spirometry, microspirometry, peak flow meter measurement, and a WheezoMeter) and case‐finding questionnaires either immediately (“tests now”) or later (“waiting list” control). Outcome measures included self‐reported smoking cessation and number of cigarettes smoked at follow‐up (at 2, 3, or 6 months after randomisation, depending on study site), with 409 participants included in the primary analysis.ResultsSix hundred seventy‐four participants were randomised using stratified block randomisation to the 2 groups (340 to “tests now” and 334 to “waiting list”), with 409 included in the primary analysis (194 in “tests now” and 215 in “waiting list” groups). Smoking cessation at follow‐up was very similar across groups (8.8% in the “tests now” group, compared with 9.2% in the “waiting list” group). Completing case‐finding lung function tests did not significantly impact smoking cessation (OR 1.00, 95% CI, 0.57‐1.77, adjusting for age, sex, baseline number of cigarettes smoked, and study site). A sensitivity analysis, assuming that participants with missing data were still smoking, gave similar results (OR 0.86, 95% CI, 0.47‐1.56). Analysis of the number of cigarettes smoked at follow‐up using negative binomial regression adjusting for the same factors above gave an incidence rate ratio of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88‐1.03).ConclusionsThere is no evidence from this trial of an effect of lung function tests on smoking cessation among a population of smokers aged 35 years or over. Indeed, when assuming that those with missing data were smokers, a slightly lower odds of smoking cessation was observed in the “test now” group compared with the “waiting list” group.
Interpretation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation‐related precipitation anomalies in north‐western Borneo using isotopic tracers
Authors: Kurita Naoyuki , Horikawa Mayumi , Kanamori Hironari , Fujinami Hatsuki , Kumagai Tomo'omi , Kume Tomonori , Yasunari Tetsuzo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examined rainfall anomalies associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in northern Sarawak, Malaysia, using the oxygen isotopic composition of rainfall. Two precipitation‐sampling campaigns were conducted for isotope analysis: (a) at the Lambir Hill National Park (4.2° N, 114.0° E) from July 2004 to October 2006 and (b) at the Gunung Mulu National Park (3.9° N, 114.8° E) from January 2006 to July 2008. The records from these campaigns were merged with a previously published rainfall isotope dataset from Gunung Mulu site to create a 7‐year‐long record of the oxygen isotopic composition of Sarawak rainfall. The record exhibits clear intraseasonal variations (ISVs) with periods ranging from 10 to 70 days. The ISVs of 10‐ to 90‐day band‐pass filtered oxygen isotopic composition are linked to the synoptic‐scale precipitation anomalies over the southern South China Sea (SCS). The lead–lag correlation map of precipitation with the filtered oxygen isotope anomalies shows that an anomalous wet condition responsible for the decrease in oxygen isotopic composition appears over the SCS in association with the passage of north‐eastward propagation of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) in the summer monsoon season. The anomalous wet condition in spring is connected with eastward‐propagating Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), whereas the sustained wet condition in winter is responsible for the occurrence of the Borneo vortex (BV) over the SCS. ENSO modulates the frequency of these synoptic conditions on a seasonal and longer time scale, showing a strong correlation between the seasonal isotopic anomalies and the Southern Oscillation index. We therefore discern, from the significant correlation between the isotope anomalies and area‐averaged Sarawak rainfall anomalies (R = −0.65, p < 0.01), that ENSO‐related precipitation anomalies are linked to the seasonal modulation of the BSISO and MJO activity and BV genesis.
New approach to predict photoallergic potentials of chemicals based on murine local lymph node assay
Authors: Maeda Yosuke , Hirosaki Haruka , Yamanaka Hidenori , Takeyoshi Masahiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhotoallergic dermatitis, caused by pharmaceuticals and other consumer products, is a very important issue in human health. However, S10 guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization do not recommend the existing prediction methods for photoallergy because of their low predictability in human cases. We applied local lymph node assay (LLNA), a reliable, quantitative skin sensitization prediction test, to develop a new photoallergy prediction method. This method involves a three‐step approach: (1) ultraviolet (UV) absorption analysis; (2) determination of no observed adverse effect level for skin phototoxicity based on LLNA; and (3) photoallergy evaluation based on LLNA. Photoallergic potential of chemicals was evaluated by comparing lymph node cell proliferation among groups treated with chemicals with minimal effect levels of skin sensitization and skin phototoxicity under UV irradiation (UV+) or non‐UV irradiation (UV−). A case showing significant difference (P < .05) in lymph node cell proliferation rates between UV− and UV+ groups was considered positive for photoallergic reaction. After testing 13 chemicals, seven human photoallergens tested positive and the other six, with no evidence of causing photoallergic dermatitis or UV absorption, tested negative. Among these chemicals, both doxycycline hydrochloride and minocycline hydrochloride were tetracycline antibiotics with different photoallergic properties, and the new method clearly distinguished between the photoallergic properties of these chemicals. These findings suggested high predictability of our method; therefore, it is promising and effective in predicting human photoallergens.
Gypenoside inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by regulating NF‐κB, AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Han Jiakai , Gao Wei , Su Dongyue , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGypenoside (GP) is one of the most pharmacologically active components in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and possesses neuroprotective, anticancer, anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐osteoarthritis effects. However, the involvement of GP the osteoclast differentiation has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of GP on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast formation. Our results demonstrated that GP significantly inhibited the formation of osteoclast, as well as suppressed the expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related marker proteins in RANKL‐stimulated bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). For molecular mechanisms, GP inhibited RANKL‐induced NF‐κB and MAPK activation and AKT phosphorylation in BMMs. Collectively, these findings suggest that GP inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis via regulating NF‐κB, AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, GP may be a potential agent in the treatment of osteoclast‐related diseases such as osteoporosis.
Mcl‐1 targeting could be an intriguing perspective to cure cancer
Authors: De Blasio Anna , Vento Renza , Di Fiore Riccardo 
Published: May 2018

The Bcl‐2 family, which plays important roles in controlling cancer development, is divided into antiapoptotic and proapoptotic members. The change in the balance between these members governs the life and death of the cells. Mcl‐1 is an antiapoptotic member of this family and its distribution in normal and cancerous tissues strongly differs from that of Bcl‐2. In human cancers, where upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins is common, Mcl‐1 expression is regulated independent of Bcl‐2 and its inhibition promotes senescence, a major barrier to tumorigenesis. Cancer chemotherapy determines various kinds of responses, such as senescence and autophagy; however, the ideal response to chemotherapy is apoptosis. Mcl‐1 is a potent oncogene that is regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. Mcl‐1 is a short‐lived protein that, in the NH2 terminal region, contains sites for posttranslational regulation that can lead to proteasomal degradation. The USP9X Mcl‐1 deubiquitinase regulates Mcl‐1 and the levels of these two proteins are strongly correlated. Mcl‐1 has three splicing variants (the antiapoptotic protein Mcl‐1L and the proapoptotic proteins Mcl‐1S and Mcl‐1ES), each contributing toward apoptosis regulation. In cancers responsible for the most deaths in the world, the presence of Mcl‐1 is associated with malignant cell growth and evasion of apoptosis. Mcl‐1 is also one of the key regulators of cancer stem cells’ self‐renewal that contributes to tumor survival. A great number of indirect and selective Mcl‐1 inhibitors have been produced and some of these have shown efficacy in several clinical trials. Thus, therapeutic manipulation of Mcl‐1 can be a useful strategy to combat cancer.
Interaction between quinoline yellow and human serum albumin: spectroscopic, chemometric and molecular docking studies
Authors: Wang Rui , Hu Xing , Pan Junhui , Gong Deming , Zhang Guowen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinoline yellow (QY), a synthetic colourant widely used in the food industry, has caused extensive concerns because of its potentially harmful effects on human health. In the present work, the interactions between QY and human serum albumin (HSA) were characterized by multiple spectroscopic methods, a chemometric algorithm, and molecular modelling studies.RESULTSThe concentration profiles and pure spectra obtained for the components (QY, HSA and QY–HSA complex) from analyses of the expanded UV‐visible absorption data matrices by multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares confirmed the QY–HSA interaction process. QY quenched the fluorescence of HSA through formation of a QY–HSA complex that was stabilized by moderate affinity. Hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding play major roles in the binding of QY to HSA. Site‐specific marker‐induced displacement results suggest that QY binds to subdomain IIA of HSA. This was corroborated by the molecular docking results. Decreases in HSA surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl group content indicate that QY causes a contraction of the peptide strand in HSA, hiding the hydrophobic patches of the protein. Analyses by UV‐visible absorption, circular dichroism, and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy found that QY causes microenvironmental perturbations around the fluorophores and secondary structure changes in HSA.CONCLUSIONThis work shows that QY binds to HSA, affecting its structural and functional properties, and provides new insights into the binding mechanism and a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity of QY to biological processes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Tillage system change affects soil organic carbon storage and benefits land restoration on loess soil inNorthChina
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Shulan , Zhang Yujiao , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Rui , Li Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) is a core indicator of soil quality. A proper tillage system can improve SOC accumulation and benefit land restoration. This improvement is especially significant in loess soil, which is undergoing serious degradation in China. In this study, we chose a field that was used for crop production and used a traditional moldboard plow with crop residue removal (CT) for over 10 years. We then carried out a long‐term field experiment (2007–2015) and changed the tillage system from a moldboard plow with crop residue removal to either a moldboard plow with buried straw system (BT), a no‐tillage with straw mulch system (NT), or a subsoiling with straw mulch system (ST) to evaluate the effect of tillage system change and the effects of tillage systems on SOC storage. Tillage system change influenced SOC content, NT, ST, and BT showed higher values of SOC content and increased 8.34, 7.83, and 1.64 Mg·C·ha−1, respectively, compared with CT. Among the 3 changed tillage systems, NT and ST showed a 12.5% and 11.6% increase in SOC content then BT, respectively. Tillage system change influenced SOC stratification ratio values, with higher value observed in BT and NT compared CT but ST. Therefore, in loess soil, changing tillage system can significantly improve SOC storage and change profile distribution. The NT and ST treatments showed a more marked SOC increase, but the increase value in stratification ratio with NT still needs attention, and our results is meaningful for soil quality improvement and land restoration.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) density may not be the only determinant for the efficacy of EGFR‐targeted photoimmunotherapy in human head and neck cancer cell lines
Authors: Peng Wei , de Bruijn Henriette S. , Farrell Eric , Sioud Mouldy , Mashayekhi Vida , Oliveira Sabrina , van Dam Go M. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. , Witjes Max J. H. , Robinson Dominic J. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of targeted photoimmunotherapy (PIT) in vitro on cell lines with various expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using an anti‐EGFR targeted conjugate composed of Cetuximab and IR700DX, phthalocyanine dye.Materials and MethodsRelative EGFR density and cell binding assay was conducted in three human head & neck cancer cell lines (scc‐U2, scc‐U8, and OSC19) and one reference cell line A431. After incubation with the conjugate for 1 or 24 hours, cellular uptake and localization were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantified by image analysis. Cell survival was determined using the MTS assay and alamarBlue assay after PIT with a 690 nm laser to a dose of 7 J.cm−2 (at 5 mW.cm−2). The mode of cell death was examined with flow cytometry using apoptosis/necrosis staining by Annexin V/propidium iodide, together with immunoblots of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL.ResultsA431 cells had the highest EGFR density followed by OSC19, and then scc‐U2 and scc‐U8. The conjugates were localized both on the surface and in the cytosol of the cells after 1‐ and 24‐hour incubation. After 24‐hour incubation the granular pattern was more pronounced and in a similar pattern of a lysosomal probe, suggesting that the uptake of conjugates by cells was via receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The results obtained from the quantitative imaging analysis correlate with the level of EGFR expression. Targeted PIT killed scc‐U8 and A431 cells efficiently; while scc‐U2 and OSC19 were less sensitive to this treatment, despite having similar EGFR density, uptake and localization pattern. Scc‐U2 cells showed less apoptotic cell dealth than in A431 after 24‐hour targeted PIT. Immunoblots showed significantly higher expression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL proteins in scc‐U2 cell lines compared to scc‐U8.ConclusionOur study suggests that the effectiveness of EGFR targeted PIT is not only dependent upon EGFR density. Intrinsic biological properties of tumor cell lines also play a role in determining the efficacy of targeted PIT. We have shown that in scc‐U2 cells this difference may be caused by differences in the apoptopic pathway. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:513–522, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Holomorphic differentials of certain solvable covers of the projective line over a perfect field
Authors: Marques Sophie , Ward Kenneth 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe provide a Boseck‐type basis of the space of holomorphic differentials for a large class of solvable covers of the projective line with perfect field of constants of characteristic . Within this class, we also describe the Galois module structure of holomorphic differentials for abelian covers.