bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing models for estimation and methods for uncertainty quantification for spatial return levels
Authors: Cao Yi , Li Bo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe return level estimation is an essential topic in studying spatial extremes for environmental data. Recently, various models for spatial extremes have emerged, which generally yield different estimates for return levels, given the same data. In the meantime, several approaches that obtain confidence intervals (CIs) for return levels have arisen, and the results from different approaches can also largely disagree. These pose natural questions for assessing different return level estimation methods and different CI derivation approaches. In this article, we compare an array of popular models for spatial extremes in return level estimation, as well as three approaches in CI derivation, through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that in general, max‐stable models yield return level estimates with similar mean squared error, and the spatial generalized extreme value model also provides comparable estimates. The bootstrap method is recommended for max‐stable models to compute the CI, and the profile likelihood CI works well for spatial generalized extreme value. We also evaluate the methods for return level interpolation at unknown spatial locations and find that kriging of marginal return level estimates performs as well as max‐stable models.
Breaking from the average: Why large grains matter in gravel‐bed streams
Authors: MacKenzie Lucy G. , Eaton Brett C. , Church Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile the influence of large grains on the morphodynamics of gravel‐bed rivers has long been recognized, nothing dominates our collective efforts to model such rivers like the bed surface D50, which turns up in virtually all the relevant equations. While researchers interested in flow resistance have recognized the relative importance of large grains and have modified flow resistance equations accordingly, there have been few attempts to quantify the effects of large grains on gravel‐bed river morphodynamics. However, there is little evidence that D50 exerts first‐order control over the physics occurring along the channel boundary, and its prevalence seems to be primarily based on the untested, a priori assumption that the best description of a distribution is the mean or median value. This commentary questions the long‐standing assumption that D50 is the best choice for characteristic grain size, and uses evidence from previous studies to show that mobilization of the largest grains in the bed likely controls morphological stability, and possibly sediment transport. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Petrography, geochemistry, and geochronology of Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks from the Northern Tianshan (West Bogda area), Northwest China: Implications for provenance and tectonic evolution
Authors: Ji Hongjie , Tao Huifei , Wang Qi , Ma Dongxu , Hao Lewei 
Published: July 2018

The Bogda Mountains, situated in the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is an important intraplate orogenic belt for studying the Mesozoic tectonic evolution mechanism of the CAOB. The detailed palaeogeographic evolution process of the Bogda area during Early Jurassic times remains poorly understood. The sandstone petrography, sedimentary rock geochemistry, and detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology were integrated to research the provenance of the Lower Jurassic Badaowan and Sangonghe formations clastic rocks from the northern flank of the Bogda Mountains and further constrain the palaeogeographic evolution of Bogda Mountains. The petrological and geochemical data in this study indicate that the Lower Jurassic sediments were derived from a felsic source area. Compared with the Badaowan Formation, the source rocks for the Sangonghe Formation show more mafic characteristics. U–Pb age patterns of the Badaowan Formation have multiple age groups, and most of the zircon ages are concentrated in the Carboniferous and Late Permian–Early Triassic ages. The Late Permian–Early Triassic age group disappears in the U–Pb age spectrum of the Sangonghe Formation, and every peak age is 20–50 Ma younger than those of the Badaowan Formation. Combined with the compiled sedimentary facies and paleocurrent data, the felsic‐intermediate volcanic rocks and granitoid intrusions in the Harlik arc and the east of the Jueluotage belt were the predominant sources of the Badaowan Formation, and then the dominant source changed to the bimodal volcanic rocks in the Eastern Bogda Mountains during the Sangonghe Formation deposition period. Early Mesozoic palaeogeographic evolution of the Northern Tianshan belt is speculated: (1) the paleotopography of the Jueluotage belt had a differential uplift along its strike, transforming from high in the west during Triassic times to high in the east during early Early Jurassic times and (2) the Eastern Bogda Mountains initiated uplift during late Early Jurassic times.
Tafresh intrusive rocks within the Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc: Appraisal of Neo‐Tethys subduction
Authors: Mirnejad Hassan , Raeisi Davood , McFarlane Christopher , Sheibi Maryam 
Published: July 2018

This paper presents UPb zircon dating and element compositions for Miocene intrusive rocks in NE Tafresh situated in the central Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc. These intrusive rocks, consisting of granodiorite and diorite, were emplaced during the Early Miocene (19.07–20.37 Ma), following extensive submarine volcanic activity in the Eocene. In normalized multi‐element diagrams, all the analysed rocks are characterized by enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Ba, Rb, and Sr) and depletions in high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Hf) and display geochemical features typical of subduction‐related calc‐alkaline arc magmas. The enrichment of light rare earth elements and flat heavy rare earth elements patterns reflect amphibole fractionation from relatively hydrous, calc‐alkalic magmas. The geochemical features and ages of the Tafresh intrusive rocks suggest that the Neo‐Tethys Ocean did not close completely in the region until the Miocene and is consistent with a diachronous collision starting in the NW and closing later in the SE.
Geochronology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Tanjianshan Group, NW China: Implications for the early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the North Qaidam Orogen
Authors: Sun Hua‐Shan , Li Huan , Algeo Thomas J. , Gabo‐Ratio Jillian Aira S. , Yang Hui , Wu Jing‐Hua , Wu Pan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe widely exposed Tanjianshan volcanic rocks in the North Qaidam Orogen (NW China) encode abundant information about early Palaeozoic magma origin and tectonic evolution. This research utilizes petrological, geochemical, and geochronological methods to investigate the last volcanic cycle (Formation d) of the Tangjianshan Group, aiming to reveal the tectonic evolutionary processes of the North Qaidam Orogen. Formation d can be further divided into two major volcanic sequences, that is, Formation d‐1/d‐4 and Formation d‐3. Formation d‐1/d‐4 is a set of intermediate–basic volcaniclastic rocks intercalated with volcanic lava and contemporary hypabyssal diabase–gabbro intrusive rocks. The rocks are characterized by high average concentrations of Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, and P2O5, pronounced differentiation of light (LREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and enrichment of LREEs and light‐ion lithophile elements (LILE), showing continental arc affiliation and enriched mid‐ocean‐ridge basalt (E‐MORB) characteristics. They have positive zircon εHf (t) values (7.5 to 16.1) and variable whole‐rock εNd (t) values (−2.7 to 7.0), with crustal Hf model ages (TDMC) and two‐stage Nd model ages (T2DM) ranging from 428 to 970 Ma and from 618 to 1,410 Ma, respectively. The magma may have originated from an enriched mantle source and experienced crustal contamination in a continental back‐arc basin. In contrast, Formation d‐3 is composed of volcaniclastic rocks intercalated with layered basaltic andesite and basalts. It has higher average concentrations of CaO, FeOT, and MgO, lower ΣREE and flatter REE patterns, lower average 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70557), higher average 143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.51285), and exclusively positive εNd (t) values (1.3 to 5.0), consistent with normal mid‐ocean‐ridge basalt (N‐MORB) influence. The magma may have been derived from a normal mantle source without significant modification, which probably formed in a rift‐related tectonic setting or even a mid‐ocean ridge that developed within a back‐arc basin. Magmatic zircons from Formation d‐1/d‐4 yield U–Pb ages mostly at 460–440 Ma, whereas zircons modified by continental exhumation‐related orogenic fluids are mainly dated at 430–420 Ma. Magmatic zircons from Formation d‐3 mainly have U–Pb ages of 440–430 Ma. Integrating the magma genesis and rock affiliation interpretations of this study with geological information for the study area and adjacent regions, a four‐stage tectonic evolutionary model is proposed for the early Palaeozoic North Qaidam Orogen: (a) oceanic subduction with arc magmatism (520–460 Ma), (b) continental collision with back‐arc magmatism (Formation d‐1/d‐4) (460–440 Ma), (c) mid‐ocean ridge extension with rift‐related magmatism (Formation d‐3) (440–430 Ma), and (d) continental exhumation with orogenic fluid modification (430–420 Ma).
Analysis of the convective heat transfer and flow behavior around two counter‐rotating side‐by‐side cylinders
Authors: Darvishyadegari Mohsen , Hassanzadeh Rahim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study presents details of the heat and fluid flow around two counter‐rotating cylinders. For this goal, three different nondimensional gap spaces such as G/D = 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 are examined in the constant Reynolds number of 200 and Prandtl number of 7.0. In addition, computations are carried out at various nondimensional rotating speeds (R.S) in the range from 0 to 4. The obtained results are validated against the available data in the open literature for stationary cases. The results showed that the flow structure, vortex shedding process, and exerted forces on the cylinders strongly depended on the R.S and G/D. Reductions of the drag coefficients are observed for both cylinders with increasing the R.S due to suppression of the wake downstream of the cylinders at low R.S and eliminating the vortex shedding process at high R.S. Finally, it is demonstrated that, regardless of the G/D value, increasing the R.S diminishes dramatically the convective heat exchange rate between the cylinders and fluid flow.
IS REFLECTIVE SUPERVISION ENOUGH? AN EXPLORATION OF WORKFORCE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Eaves Simpson Tanika , Robinson Joann L. , Brown Edna 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTInfant mental health practice requires the performance of intense emotional labor. Professionals comprising the infant mental health (IMH) field are largely women at seminal points in adult life‐span development. The purpose of this article is to explore the day‐to‐day challenges faced by clinical infant mental health professionals and their perspectives on the supports available for effective job performance. We review reflective supervision as a long‐cherished professional support in the IMH field designed to hold the practitioner's fears, worries, and ambivalence, so that she may return to the work fortified to remain in therapeutic alliance with families despite unsolvable problems and an unknowable future (Weatherston, D., 2009). Yet, we propose that reflective supervision alone may not be an adequate protective measure for a workforce performing intensive emotional labor for extended periods and therefore at potentially increased risk for burnout and high turnover (Hochschild, A.R. ; C. Maslach, , C.M. Brotheridge & A.A. Grandey, 2009; A.S. Wharton, ). We suggest that structural factors concerning organizational culture, flexibility in scheduling, and professional growth and versatility bear deeper examination for their merits in supporting the IMH workforce. Finally, we contend that the overrepresentation of women in practitioner positions in IMH leaves an empirical gap where little is known about the experience of male IMH practitioners and the ramifications of their performance of emotional labor.
Social network analysis and ICT4D research: Principles, relevance, and practice
Authors: Renken Jaco , Heeks Richard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe application of information and communication technologies to socio‐economic development (ICT4D) is a complex sociotechnical phenomenon. That complexity has led to repeated calls for diversification in the theories, methodologies, and methods used in this field. This paper investigates one potential diversification: the use of social network analysis (SNA) as an approach for ICT4D research. Very few studies in the field have used SNA to date that led us, in the first instance, to provide an overview of core SNA concepts, network research design considerations, and analytic approaches. Based on the distinct principles underpinning SNA, we then outline 3 arguments for the relevance thereof in ICT4D: (1) conceptual relevance to ICT4D practice, (2) methodological and epistemological relevance to the present and future state of ICT4D research, and (3) instrumental relevance to the future ICT4D research agenda. The paper concludes with an illustrative example, demonstrating network research design and a few SNA procedures utilised in exploring the relationship‐ and resource‐orientations of an ICT4D champion. By introducing and illustrating SNA, we hope to help other ICT4D researchers determine whether and how SNA might be of relevance to their work.
MicroRNA‐760 Inhibits Doxorubicin Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Regulating Notch1/Hes1‐PTEN/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Tian Tao , Fu Xiao , Lu Jun , Ruan Zhiping , Nan Kejun , Yao Yu , Yang Yujuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccumulating studies have suggested that microRNA‐760 (miR‐760) plays an important role in chemoresistance of various cancer cells. However, whether miR‐760 regulates the chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that miR‐760 was decreased in HCC cell lines, and doxorubicin (Dox) treatment significantly decreased miR‐760 expression in HCC cells. Overexpression of miR‐760 sensitized HCC cells to Dox‐induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, whereas miR‐760 inhibition showed the opposite effects. Notch1 was predicted as a target gene of miR‐760. miR‐760 negatively regulated Notch1 expression and Notch1/Hes1 signaling. Overexpression of miR‐760 increased PTEN expression and decreased the phosphorylation of Akt. Activation of Notch signaling significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‐760 on Dox‐resistance and abrogated the effect of miR‐760 on the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway in HCC cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that miR‐760 inhibits Dox‐resistance in HCC cells through inhibiting Notch1 and promoting PTEN expression.
Effect of dispersant on nano‐PTFE: Striking the balance between stability and tribo‐performance
Authors: Dubey Mukesh Kumar , Bijwe Jayashree , Ramakumar S.S.V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) in suspension form were reported as very efficient extreme pressure (EP) additive in 150 N API Group II oil in our earlier work. The less stability of a nanosuspension due to agglomeration of NPs beyond 3 wt%, however, was a major issue, which needed to be addressed for its possible industrial exploitation in lubricants. Using another additive, eg polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI), as a dispersant appeared to be a plausible solution. Its inclusion (1 wt%) increased the stability of the oil by a factor of 4. It was necessary to investigate, however, whether it influenced other properties synergistically or antagonistically. The present paper highlights the positive and negative aspects of inclusion of PIBSI on the tribo‐performance (EP and anti‐wear) of the nano‐PTFE‐based oils.A series of nano‐PTFE oils (1%‐6%) stabilised with PIBSI (1%) were developed and evaluated for EP and anti‐wear performance. The PIBSI‐PTFE combination clearly showed antagonistic behaviour due to competition for film formation on the surfaces. However, with an increase in concentration of NPs, the film formation mechanism was dominated by them. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for the examination of the topography and surface chemistry of the protective films formed on the steel specimens.
Prolate and Temperature‐Responsive Self‐Assemblies of Amphiphilic Random Copolymers with Perfluoroalkyl and Polyoxyethylene Side Chains in Solution
Authors: Martinelli Elisa , Guazzelli Elisa , Galli Giancarlo , Telling Mark T. F. , Poggetto Giovanni Dal , Immirzi Barbara , Domenici Fabio , Paradossi Gaio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo amphiphilic random copolymers, PEGMAx‐co‐FAy (x = 90 and 70 mol%), are synthesized by ATRP and their solutions are investigated as a function of solvent, concentration, and temperature by DLS and SANS analyses. Both copolymers self‐assemble in nanostructures by single‐chain folding in water solutions over a wide range of temperatures. The values of the DLS hydrodynamic radius and the SANS radius of gyration are found to be ≈4 nm and ≈3.4–3.7 nm, respectively. Moreover, SANS shows the self‐folded nanoassemblies to be prolated spheroids with a ratio of polar/equatorial axes of ≈5:1 for PEGMA90‐co‐FA10 and ≈2:1 for PEGMA70‐co‐FA30. On heating above a critical temperatureTc, multichain microassemblies are formed that revert back to nanoassemblies on cooling belowTc. This temperature‐responsive transition is fully and sharply reversible.
Ionic Gels and Their Applications in Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Wang Haifei , Wang Ziya , Yang Jian , Xu Chen , Zhang Qi , Peng Zhengchun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIonic gels represent a novel class of stretchable materials where ionic conducting liquid is immobilized in a polymer matrix. This review focuses on the design of ionic gel materials and device fabrication of ionic‐gel‐based stretchable electronics. In particular, recent progress in ionic‐gel‐based electronic skin (pressure/strain sensors, electric double‐layer transistors, etc.), flexible displays, energy storage devices, and soft actuators are summarized, followed by a discussion of challenges in developing ionic‐gel‐based electronics and suggestions for future research directions that might overcome those challenges.
Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Functionalized Block Copolymer Nanoparticles and Their Application in Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Jian , Hong Chun‐Yan , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDrug delivery systems (DDS) based on functionalized polymeric nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention. Although great advances have been reported in the past decades, the fabrication efficiency and reproducibility of polymeric nanoparticles are barely satisfactory due to the intrinsic limitations of the traditional self‐assembly method, which severely prevent further applications of the intelligent DDS. In the last decade, a new self‐assembly method, which is usually called polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA), has become a powerful strategy for the fabrication of the polymeric nanoparticles with bespoke morphology. The PISA strategy efficiently simplifies the fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles (combination of the polymerization and self‐assembly in one pot) and allows the fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles at a relatively high concentration (up to 50 wt%), making it realistic for large‐scale production of polymeric nanoparticles. In this review, the developments of PISA‐based polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery are discussed.
Cutaneous melanoma in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Indini Alice , Brecht Ines , Del Vecchio Michele , Sultan Iyad , Signoroni Stefano , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCutaneous melanoma is rare in children, but has greater incidence in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Diagnosis may be challenging due to its rarity in these age groups. Few studies have specifically addressed the topic of AYA melanoma. Though young‐age melanoma may have particular biological characteristics, available data suggest that its clinical history is similar to that of adults. However, advances in treatment of adult melanoma have not been reflected in the treatment of AYAs. There is no standard treatment, and access to clinical trials is difficult for AYAs. Further efforts are needed to overcome these issues by improving cooperation with experts on adult melanoma.
Convergent evolution of 11p allelic loss in multifocal Wilms tumors arising in WT1 mutation carriers
Authors: Valind Anders , Wessman Sandra , Pal Niklas , Karlsson Jenny , Jonson Tord , Sandstedt Bengt , Gisselsson David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWilms tumors in patients with constitutional WT1 mutations are examples of Knudson's tumor suppressor paradigm, with somatic inactivation of the second allele occurring through 11p loss of heterozygosity. The time point of this second hit has remained unknown. We analyzed seven Wilms tumors from two patients with constitutional WT1 mutations by whole exome sequencing and genomic array. All tumors exhibited wild type WT1 loss through uniparental isodisomy. Each tumor had a unique genomic breakpoint in 11p, typically accompanied by a private activating mutation of CTNNB1. Hence, convergent evolution rather than field carcinogenesis underlies multifocal tumors in WT1 mutation carriers.
Beyond Chemical Bonding Interaction: An Insight into the Growth Process of 1D ZnO on Few‐Layer Graphene for Excellent Photocatalytic and Room Temperature Gas Sensing Applications
Authors: Rakkesh R. Ajay , Durgalakshmi D. , Balakumar S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA facile chemical synthesis approach is reported for simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and chemically planted 1D ZnO Nanorods (NRs) on the few‐layer graphene (FLG) through chemical bonding interaction. The chemically bonded 1D ZnO – few layer graphene nanostructures are investigated by high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and photoluminescence studies. This multifunctional nanostructure efficiently boosts the photocatalytic activity by photodegradation of industrial pollutants within 5 minutes under natural sunlight irradiation and also senses the very low concentration (10 ppm) of hydrogen gas at room temperature with very high sensing response. The emerging photocatalytic performance and the room temperature gas sensing characteristics of 1D ZnO – few layer graphene is attributed to the presence of C–Zn chemical bonds, which plays an essential role in the interfacial charge transfer process between the graphene layers and 1D ZnO NRs. The strong chemical bonding interaction and interfacial charge transfer effects have been experimentally elucidated from the ionization value and work function characteristics of the synthesized hybrid nanostructure. This work demonstrates the simple way of preparing hybrid nanostructure with exposed crystal facets, which could provide an exposure for developing multifunctional nanomaterials towards sensing and removal of hazardous pollutants from our environment.