bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Silent Gap in Noise Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Matched Tinnitus and No-Tinnitus Control Subjects
Authors: Morse Kenneth , Vander Werff Kathy R. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Previous research suggests the existence of gap detection impairments because of tinnitus. The current study aimed to determine whether there was objective evidence of gap impairment in individuals with tinnitus by recording silent gap in white noise cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) in a chronic tinnitus group and a no-tinnitus group. The results were compared to previous gap-evoked potential and behavioral gap detection studies.

Method

Chronic tinnitus and no-tinnitus groups were formed by matching pairs of subjects (
n
= 26) based on age, gender, and hearing thresholds. Behaviorally determined gap detection thresholds were used to define the electrophysiological gap duration conditions of subthreshold, threshold, and suprathreshold gaps in white noise. Amplitude, latency, and area of the CAEP were analyzed by group and condition using mixed-model analyses of variance.

Results
Across all participants, as the duration of the gap increased, amplitude and area of the CAEP increased. There were no significant differences by tinnitus status between groups for any outcome measures, except for a significant interaction between group and gap duration for P1 latency.

Conclusions
Silent gap-evoked CAEPs can be recorded in adults with and without tinnitus. Amplitude and area were sensitive to gap duration across groups; latency was not. Contrary to hypotheses, there was little evidence supporting differences in gap-evoked CAEPs between the tinnitus and control groups. Stimulus and other factors that may have contributed to the lack of a group difference in the current study are discussed, as well as implications for future studies of objective measures of tinnitus perception.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7822601
A dynamically young, gravitationally stable network of filaments in Orion B
Authors: Orkisz Jan H. , Peretto Nicolas , Pety Jérôme , Gerin Maryvonne , Levrier François , Bron Emeric , Bardeau Sébastien , Goicoechea Javier R. , Gratier Pierre , Guzmán Viviana V. , Hughes Annie , Languignon David , Le Petit Franck , Liszt Harvey S. , Öberg Karin , Roueff Evelyne , Sievers Albrecht , Tremblin Pascal 
Published: March 2019

Context. Filaments are a key step on the path that leads from molecular clouds to star formation. However, their characteristics, for instance their width, are heavily debated and the exact processes that lead to their formation and fragmentation into dense cores still remain to be fully understood.
Aims. We aim at characterising the mass, kinematics, and stability against gravitational collapse of a statistically significant sample of filaments in the Orion B molecular cloud, which is renown for its very low star formation efficiency.
Methods. We characterised the gas column densities and kinematics over a field of 1.9 deg2, using C18O (J = 1−0) data from the IRAM 30 m large programme ORION-B at angular and spectral resolutions of 23.5″ and 49.5 kHz, respectively. Using two different Hessian-based filters, we extracted and compared two filamentary networks, each containing over 100 filaments.
Results. Independent of the extraction method, the filament networks have consistent characteristics. The filaments have widths of ~0.12 ± 0.04 pc and show a wide range of linear (~1−100 M⊙ pc−1) and volume densities (~2 × 103−2 × 105 cm−3). Compared to previous studies, the filament population is dominated by low-density, thermally sub-critical structures, suggesting that most of the identified filaments are not collapsing to form stars. In fact, only ~1% of the Orion B cloud mass covered by our observations can be found in super-critical, star-forming filaments, explaining the low star formation efficiency of the region. The velocity profiles observed across the filaments show quiescence in the centre and coherency in the plane of the sky, even though these profiles are mostly supersonic.
Conclusions. The filaments in Orion B apparently belong to a continuum which contains a few elements comparable to already studied star-forming filaments, for example in the IC 5146, Aquila or Taurus regions, as well as many lower density, gravitationally unbound structures. This comprehensive study of the Orion B filaments shows that the mass fraction in super-critical filaments is a key factor in determining star formation efficiency.
Some relationships between radiative and atmospheric quantities through 1D NLTE modeling of prominences in the Mg II lines
Authors: Vial J.-C. , Zhang P. , Buchlin É. 
Published: March 2019

Context. With more than four years of IRIS observations, and in order to avoid building customized diagnostics for each observation, it is useful to derive some simple relations between spectra and physical quantities. This is even more useful for the k and h lines of Mg II, which require complex non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium NLTE treatments.Aims. The aim of this work concerning prominences is to correlate observable spectral features in h and k lines of Mg IIto physical quantities such as the density and the emission measure (EM) in the same way as similar correlations have been obtained in the hydrogen lines. In this way, and within approximations done on some parameters such as temperature, it is possible to build pixel by pixel an IRIS map of the above-mentioned quantities.Methods. In order to simplify and shorten the modeling, we chose to compute one-dimensional (1D) isothermal and isobaric models that are treated with the PROM7 NLTE code available at MEDOC (IAS). We built a set of models with large ranges of temperature, pressure, and thickness. At all altitudes considered, we paid attention to the exact computation of the incident radiation. Then we compared the emergent Mg IIh and k intensities with the corresponding hydrogen and electron densities and EMs.Results. From the NLTE computation, we derive correlations between the k and h emergent intensities on one hand and the densities and EM on the other hand. With some assumptions on the temperature, we obtain a unique relation between the k (and h) intensities and the EM that should be useful for deriving either the hydrogen and electron densities or the effective thickness of an observed prominence.Conclusions. From NLTE modeling, we have provided a relationship between observable integrated intensities of the Mg IIresonance lines and prominence plasma EM, which will contribute to a first-order analysis of long time series of spectroscopic observations, for example, with IRIS. We anticipate building more complex relations between the profiles and other plasma quantities.
G.A.S.
Authors: Cousin M. , Guillard P. , Lehnert M. D. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Star formation in galaxies is inefficient, and understanding how star formation is regulated in galaxies is one of the most fundamental challenges of contemporary astrophysics. Radiative cooling, feedback from supernovae and active galactic nuclei (AGN), and large-scale dynamics and dissipation of turbulent energy act over various time and spatial scales and all regulate star formation in a complex gas cycle.
Aims. This paper presents the physics implemented in a new semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution called the Galaxy Assembler from dark-matter Simulation (G.A.S.).
Methods. The fundamental underpinning of our new model is the development of a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) in which energy produced by supernovae and AGN maintains an equilibrium between a diffuse, hot, and stable gas and a cooler, clumpy, and low-volume filling factor gas. The hot gas is susceptible to thermal and dynamical instabilities. We include a description of how turbulence leads to the formation of giant molecular clouds through an inertial turbulent energy cascade, assuming a constant kinetic energy transfer per unit volume. We explicitly modelled the evolution of the velocity dispersion at different scales of the cascade and accounted for thermal instabilities in the hot halo gas. Thermal instabilities effectively reduce the impact of radiative cooling and moderates accretion rates onto galaxies, and in particular, for those residing in massive haloes.
Results. We show that rapid and multiple exchanges between diffuse and unstable gas phases strongly regulates star formation rates in galaxies because only a small fraction of the unstable gas is forming stars. We checked that the characteristic timescales describing the gas cycle, gas depletion timescale, and star-forming laws at different scales are in good agreement with observations. For high-mass haloes and galaxies, cooling is naturally regulated by the growth of thermal instabilities, so we do not need to implement strong AGN feedback in this model. Our results are also in good agreement with the observed stellar mass function from z ≃ 6.0 to z ≃ 0.5.
Conclusion. Our model offers the flexibility to test the impact of various physical processes on the regulation of star formation on a representative population of galaxies across cosmic times. Thermal instabilities and the cascade of turbulent energy in the dense gas phase introduce a delay between gas accretion and star formation, which keeps galaxy growth inefficient in the early Universe. The main results presented in this paper, such as stellar mass functions, are available in the GALAKSIENN library.
Patient Blood Management: präoperative Anämie und Fälle aus der Anämieambulanz
Authors: Westphal Sabine , Isik Sabine , Choorapoikayil Suma , Füllenbach Christoph , Zacharowski Kai , Meybohm Patrick 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie präoperative Anämie ist ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor für eine erhöhte Morbidität und Mortalität. Sie ist einer der stärksten Prädiktoren für die Gabe von Erythrozytenkonzentraten. Das Patient Blood Management hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, eine präoperative Anämie möglichst früh zu diagnostizieren und zu therapieren, um den Patienten zu optimieren und den Bedarf an vermeidbaren Blutprodukten zu reduzieren.
Vitamin B12 in Schwangerschaft und
Stillzeit
Authors: Halbach Bettina 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungBerichten Schwangere und Stillende über ungewöhnlich großen Appetit auf sauren
Hering oder auf ein großes Stück Käse, könnte ihr Körper einen Bedarf an Vitamin
B12 signalisieren. Was bei der Ernährungsberatung zu beachten
ist, zeigt dieser Beitrag – auch bei vegetarischer/veganer Lebensweise.
Athletic Training and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Coelho Sara , Silva Filipe , Silva Joana , António Natália 
Published: March 2019

AbstractArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in the young and in competitive athletes. The deleterious role of exercise in the natural history of ARVC is clear. Even in the absence of a demonstrated arrhythmogenic substrate, family history or mutations of ARVC, intense physical exercise may in some individuals lead to the development of right ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmogenicity. This led to question the benignity of some adaptive features of the athlete's heart. In fact, there is an overlap between typical aspects of the athlete's heart and pathological changes described in ARVC, being challenging to distinguish the two conditions. The aim of this review is to highlight the aspects that help to distinguish between athlete's heart and ARVC, to review the major findings on exams helping in the differential diagnosis and to determine the implications on eligibility for leisure and competitive sports.
„Bei Dir pieptʼs wohl!“
Authors: Keuthage Winfried , Lettmann Melanie 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungNoch vor einigen Jahren konnte keiner ahnen, wie rasant die Technik in der
Diabetesbehandlung fortschreiten wird. Die mindestens 4-malige blutige Messung
bei Menschen mit intensivierter Insulintherapie oder Insulinpumpentherapie war
obligat, und ohne diese regelmäßige Kontrolle war es nicht möglich, eine
zufriedenstellende Stoffwechsellage zu erreichen.
Lebensstil und Gewichtszunahme in der
Schwangerschaft
Authors: Günther Julia , Hoffmann Julia , Spies Monika , Hauner Hans 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungExperten sind sich einig, dass ein gesunder pränataler Lebensstil besonders
wichtig ist, um gesundheitliche Risiken für Mutter und Kind zu minimieren.
Welche Bedeutung dabei die Gewichtszunahme in der Schwangerschaft hat, inwiefern
sich diese auf das Risiko für Komplikationen wie Schwangerschaftsdiabetes
auswirkt und wie schwangere Frauen ausreichend informiert und unterstützt werden
können, ist Thema dieses Beitrags.
Vigilanzstörung nach ambulanter Narkose bei einer HNO-Operation
Authors: Hachenberg Thomas , Wohlers Christine , Schroeder Heinz-Georg , Schaffartzik Walter 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungSchlichtungsstellen für Arzthaftpflichtfragen bieten Patienten, Ärzten und Versicherern eine Möglichkeit, Arzthaftungsstreitigkeiten außergerichtlich zu klären. In der Rubrik „Fälle der Schlichtungsstelle“ stellen wir abgeschlossene Fälle aus der Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen der norddeutschen Ärztekammern vor.
Psychische Komorbidität bei der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis
Authors: Sengler Claudia , Niewerth Martina , Holl Reinhard W. , Kilian Reinhold , Meissner Thomas , Staab Doris , Warschburger Petra , Baumeister Harald , Minden Kirsten 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungPsychische Erkrankungen wie Depression und Angst beginnen häufig im Jugend- und jungen Erwachsenenalter. Heranwachsende mit einer chronischen rheumatischen Erkrankung haben hierfür ein besonderes Risiko. In Untersuchungen zur psychischen Gesundheit gaben in der Regel über 10 % der Jugendlichen mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis (JIA) depressive Symptome an. Die frühzeitige Erkennung von psychischen Belastungen ist notwendig, um Betroffenen rechtzeitig adäquate Unterstützung anbieten zu können. Geschieht das nicht, werden Möglichkeiten, die Langzeitprognose und Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zu verbessern, verpasst. Psychische Störungen werden in der klinischen Praxis oft nur am Rande berücksichtigt. Wie groß das Problem unter den bundesweit kinder- und jugendrheumatologisch betreuten Patienten mit JIA ist, wird in diesem Jahr im Rahmen des interdisziplinären Forschungsverbundes COACH untersucht.
Die implizite Selbstregulation am Beispiel des Essverhaltens: Konsequenzen für die Psychotherapie
Authors: Paslakis Georgios , de Zwaan Martina 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungExplizite Prozesse der Selbstregulation sind mit Introspektion und Einsicht verbunden und werden deswegen häufig als mühevoll erlebt, während implizite Prozesse der Steuerung des Selbst automatisiert, schnell und mühelos ablaufen. Allerdings ist Selbstregulation nicht stets entweder explizit oder implizit; alle Varianten zwischen völlig automatisiert bis hin zu völlig kontrolliert sind vorhanden. Implizite Prozesse sind im Vergleich zu expliziten Prozessen enger mit verkörperten, affektnahen -im Gegensatz zu kognitiven, verbalisierbaren- Erfahrungen verbunden, sodass es denkbar ist, dass zur Ermittlung impliziten Erlebens Methoden zum Einsatz kommen, die den Körper miteinbeziehen bzw. den Körper in einen Zustand überführen, in dem die Wahrnehmung impliziten Geschehens ermöglicht werden kann. Zudem besteht in der Psychotherapie die Notwendigkeit für die Implementierung von neurobiologisch begründeten Methoden, die auf einer impliziten, prä-verbalen Ebene ansetzen. Einige Paradigmen dazu, u. a. der sogenannte approach-avoidance task (AAT) zur Erfassung impliziter Handlungsregulation sind bereits in Erprobung. Derartige Paradigmen werden hier am Beispiel der Regulation des Essverhaltens vorgestellt. Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine narrative (qualitative) Übersicht, die das Ziel verfolgt, über Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Forschung zu impliziten Bias und die Entwicklung von neuartigen, noch experimentell eingesetzten Instrumenten im Rahmen künftiger psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen zu informieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Auswahl von relevanten Studien nach subjektiven Kriterien der Autoren getroffen. Es handelt sich somit nicht um eine lückenlose Darstellung der Studienlage zu impliziten Bias im Sinne eines systematischen Reviews.
Aspekte der Ernährung rund um die Schwangerschaft bei
Adipositas
Authors: Weschenfelder Friederike , Groten Tanja 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungWeltweit steigt die Anzahl an übergewichtigen und adipösen Erwachsenen und
Kindern. Laut WHO hat sich die Prävalenz der Adipositas zwischen 1975 und 2008
weltweit nahezu verdreifacht. In Deutschland waren im Jahr 2016 ca. 23 % der
Menschen adipös und knapp 60 % übergewichtig, davon ein Großteil im
reproduktiven Alter. Laut der deutschen Perinatalerhebung waren 2017 ca. 37 %
der Gebärenden adipös oder übergewichtig 1.
Embryo Culture Conditions and the Epigenome
Authors: Mani Sneha , Mainigi Monica 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAssisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) lead to an increased risk for pregnancy complications, congenital abnormalities, and specific imprinting disorders. Epigenetic dysfunction is thought to be one common mechanism which may be affecting these outcomes. The timing of multiple ART interventions overlaps with developmental time periods that are particularly vulnerable to epigenetic change. In vitro embryo culture is known to impact blastocyst development, in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates, as well as neonatal outcomes. Embryo culture, in contrast to other procedures involved in ART, is obligatory, and has the highest potential for causing alterations in epigenetic reprograming. In this review, we summarize progress that has been made in exploring the effects of embryo culture, culture media, and oxygen tension on epigenetic regulation in the developing embryo. In humans, it is difficult to isolate the role of embryo culture on epigenetic perturbations. Therefore, additional well-controlled animal studies isolating individual exposures are necessary to minimize the epigenetic effects of modifiable factors utilized during ART. Findings from these studies will likely not only improve IVF success rates but also reduce the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: The History of the Barker Hypothesis and Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: DeCherney Alan , Hill Micah , Carpinello Olivia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince Barker's publication of “The fetal and infant origins of adult disease” in 1990, significant emphasis has been placed on the intrauterine environment and its effect on adult disease. Historical events such as the Dutch Famine and the 1918 Flu Pandemic have provided organic data about the epigenetic changes that can result from famine, infection, and stress. Mechanisms that allow for intrauterine survival may predispose to adult disease states when the fetus enters a world of abundance. As the field of in vitro fertilization (IVF) has developed and evolved, little attention has been paid to subtle yet significant differences in IVF offspring. Offspring of assisted reproductive technology (ART) have been reported to have higher rates of preterm birth, abnormal fetal size, and birth defects. It is clear that epigenetic modifications may begin as early as pre-pregnancy. These differences are likely not attributable to one factor in the IVF process. Each variable likely plays a subtle role in the epigenetic manipulation of the embryo. Thus, moving forward, physicians should practice with heightened determination to follow the long-term outcomes of the offspring of ART in an effort to further modify and perfect the field.
Transitioning from Infertility-Based (ART 1.0) to Elective (ART 2.0) Use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the DOHaD Hypothesis: Do We Need to Change Consenting?
Authors: Adeleye Amanda , Rinaudo Paolo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) has increased significantly in recent years. While this is partially due to improved access for infertile patients, another contribution to the growth of ART utilization is represented by individuals without infertility, who electively chose to freeze their gametes and embryos for future use, before ever attempting conception spontaneously. Overall, the safety of ART for parents and children is well described and the risks are modest. However, while long-term health consequences for offspring as postulated by the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis are unknown, numerous animal studies suggest a predisposition for chronic diseases like hypertension and glucose intolerance. In this article, we argue that a key difference exists between infertile patients, who need to use ART as the only means to achieve pregnancy, and (likely) fertile patients who elect to use ART techniques as a family planning option. We believe that these two sets of patients are different and their risks–benefit ratios are different. We propose that while all patients should be aware of the risks, patients planning to utilize ART techniques without a diagnosis of infertility should be encouraged to think critically about the additional risks, particularly the “potential” long-term risks that may be imposed from these elective procedures.
“A beautiful woman sitting in the dark”
Authors: Delgado Luchner Carmen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis ethnographic study of the Master’s in Conference Interpreting at the University of Nairobi aims to link interpreter training to the linguistic make-up of Kenyan society and the constraints of public higher education in Africa. It is the first comprehensive study of interpreter training in Kenya, and shows the limits of replicating pedagogical approaches that have been tried and tested in Europe in a different environment. Based on the findings, I recommend a widening of the scope of training to include conference, court and community interpreting. It is argued that this would improve the sustainability and relevance of interpreter training in Africa.
ESL learners’ intra-speaker variability in producing American English tense and lax vowels
Authors: Smith Bruce L. , Johnson Eric , Hayes-Harb Rachel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Nonnative (L2) English learners are often assumed to exhibit greater speech production variability than native
(L1) speakers; however, support for this assumption is primarily limited to secondary observations rather than having been the
specific focus of empirical investigations. The present study examined intra-speaker variability associated with L2 English
learners’ tense and lax vowel productions to determine whether they showed comparable or greater intra-speaker variability than
native English speakers. First and second formants of three tense/lax vowel pairs were measured, and Coefficient of Variation was
calculated for 10 native speakers of American English and 30 nonnative speakers. The L2 speakers’ vowel formants were found to be
native-like approximately half of the time. Whether their formants were native-like or not, however, they seldom showed greater
intra-speaker variability than the L1 speakers.