bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco‐Compatible Solvent‐Processed Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Over 16% Efficiency
Authors: Hong Ling , Yao Huifeng , Wu Ziang , Cui Yong , Zhang Tao , Xu Ye , Yu Runnan , Liao Qing , Gao Bowei , Xian Kaihu , Woo Han Young , Ge Ziyi , Hou Jianhui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent advances in nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have enabled the rapid increase in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, this progress is achieved using highly toxic solvents, which are not suitable for the scalable large‐area processing method, becoming one of the biggest factors hindering the mass production and commercial applications of OPVs. Therefore, it is of great importance to get good eco‐compatible processability when designing efficient OPV materials. Here, to achieve high efficiency and good processability of the NFAs in eco‐compatible solvents, the flexible alkyl chains of the highly efficient NFA BTP‐4F‐8 (also known as Y6) are modified and BTP‐4F‐12 is synthesized. Combining with the polymer donor PBDB‐TF, BTP‐4F‐12 shows the best PCE of 16.4%. Importantly, when the polymer donor PBDB‐TF is replaced by T1 with better solubility, various eco‐compatible solvents can be applied to fabricate OPV cells. Finally, over 14% efficiency is obtained with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the processing solvent for 1.07 cm2 OPV cells by the blade‐coating method. These results indicate that the simple modification of the side chain can be used to tune the processability of active layer materials and thus make it more applicable for the mass production with environmentally benign solvents.
Highly Conductive Multifunctional rGO/CNT Hybrid Sponge for Electromagnetic Wave Shielding and Strain Sensor
Authors: Zhao Xu , Xu Liangliang , Chen Qiang , Peng Qingyu , Yang Minglong , Zhao Wenqi , Lin Zaishan , Xu Fan , Li Yibin , He Xiaodong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne of the potential applications for carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge prepared through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is as a strain sensor. However, the sensitivity of CNT sponge is strongly impeded by the point‐to‐point contact between individual CNTs. A novel method is proposed to introduce reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a conducting bridge into CNT sponge, in order to dramatically improve the CNT contact. The graphene oxide (GO) is coated onto polystyrene (PS) spheres forming a suspension that is infiltrated into the CVD‐derived CNT sponge under vacuum. The PS spheres are decomposed and GO is reduced by postannealing. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the successful introduction of rGO. A small amount of rGO can effectively increase the electrical conductivity of the CNT sponge by ≈30% without an observable increase in density. A dramatic increment of 66% in sensitivity factor is achieved. Compared with CNT sponge, the microwave shielding effectiveness of the rGO/CNT hybrid sponge is 50% larger. This hybrid sponge is very promising for use as a high‐sensitivity strain sensor in different environments (both in the air and under water) and for high‐efficiency electromagnetic shielding protection.
Microlaser Output from Rare‐Earth Ion‐Doped Nanocrystal‐in‐Glass Microcavities
Authors: Ouyang Tianchang , Kang Shiliang , Zhang Zhishen , Yang Dandan , Huang Xiongjian , Pan Qiwen , Gan Jiulin , Qiu Jianrong , Dong Guoping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanocrystallized glass ceramics (NGCs) are important optical materials, but few studies have focused on their laser actions. Here, by precipitation of NaYF4 nanocrystals enriched with Er3+ ions in an oxide glass matrix, great enhancement of the luminescence properties for the NGC microspheres is realized. By carefully matching the refractive index of the glass matrix with that of the NaYF4 nanocrystals and controlling the size and distribution of the precipitated nanocrystals, the absorption and Rayleigh scattering losses that are harmful to quality (Q) factors are efficiently suppressed. As a result, the NGC microsphere cavities present ultrahigh Q factors up to 106 (@ 1610 nm), which is slightly lower than that of the microsphere cavities made by precursor glass. Moreover, single mode whispering gallery modes (WGMs) lasing from the NGC microsphere cavities for the first time is successfully realized. Compared with the microsphere cavity based on glass, the NGC microsphere cavity exhibits large enhancement of the pumping efficiency by more than 7 times and a decrease in the threshold by more than 2.5 times. The results demonstrated here suggest a novel method for improving the laser output performances of microcavities, which may have potential applications in areas of photonics and optical communication.
Efficient Gap‐Free Broadband Terahertz Generators Based on New Organic Quinolinium Single Crystals
Authors: Shin Myeong‐Hoon , Kim Won Tae , Kim Se‐In , Lee Seung‐Heon , Yu In Cheol , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNew organic electro‐optic crystals containing orthogonally oriented electron‐withdrawing groups are developed for efficient and gap‐free THz wave generation with a very flat broadband spectral shape. These crystals consist of 2‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium (OHQ) cationic chromophores and nonplanar 4‐(trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulfonate (TFO) anions with orthogonally oriented highly electronegative trifluoromethoxy groups capable of strong hydrogen bonds. OHQ‐TFO crystals exhibit enhanced macroscopic optical nonlinearity with a second harmonic generation efficiency 2.3 times greater than that of benchmark OHQ‐based crystals with conventional planar anions. This enhancement is attributed to reduced edge‐to‐face π–π interactions between cations and anions due to the orthogonal orientation and electron‐withdrawing characteristics of trifluoromethoxy groups. Moreover, OHQ‐TFO crystals exhibit excellent THz wave characteristics generated by optical rectification; 0.52 mm thick OHQ‐TFO crystal generate a peak‐to‐peak THz electric field 15 times higher than that of inorganic standard 1.0 mm thick ZnTe crystal and a broader spectrum with an upper cut‐off frequency near 8 THz at pump wavelengths of 1140–1500 nm. Unlike previously reported state‐of‐the‐art organic electro‐optic salt crystals with strong phonon absorption in the frequency range of 0.8–3 THz, OHQ‐TFO crystals facilitate gap‐free broadband THz wave generation without strong absorption modulations due to the strong hydrogen bond ability of trifluoromethoxy groups.
Transparent Perfect Microwave Absorber Employing Asymmetric Resonance Cavity
Authors: Wang Heyan , Zhang Yilei , Ji Chengang , Zhang Cheng , Liu Dong , Zhang Zhong , Lu Zhengang , Tan Jiubin , Guo L. Jay 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe demand for high‐performance absorbers in the microwave frequencies, which can reduce undesirable radiation that interferes with electronic system operation, has attracted increasing interest in recent years. However, most devices implemented so far are opaque, limiting their use in optical applications that require high visible transparency. Here, a scheme is demonstrated for microwave absorbers featuring high transparency in the visible range, near‐unity absorption (≈99.5% absorption at 13.75 GHz with 3.6 GHz effective bandwidth) in the Ku‐band, and hence excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance (≈26 dB). The device is based on an asymmetric Fabry–Pérot cavity, which incorporates a monolayer graphene and a transparent ultrathin (8 nm) doped silver layer as absorber and reflector, and fused silica as the middle dielectric layer. Guided by derived formulism, this asymmetric cavity is demonstrated with microwaves near‐perfectly and exclusively absorbs in the ultrathin graphene film. The peak absorption frequency of the cavity can be readily tuned by simply changing the thickness of the dielectric spacer. The approach provides a viable solution for a new type of microwave absorber with high visible transmittance, paving the way towards applications in the area of optics.
Light‐Addressable Nanoclusters of Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced and Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Arthritis
Authors: Li Xin , Lu Shiyi , Xiong Zuogang , Hu Yong , Ma Dan , Lou Wenqi , Peng Chen , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDesign of novel nanoplatforms with single imaging elements for dynamic and enhanced T1/T2‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of diseases still remains significantly challenging. Here, a facile strategy to synthesize light‐addressable ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) that can form nanoclusters (NCs) under laser irradiation for enhanced and dynamic T1/T2‐weighted MR imaging of inflammatory arthritis is reported. Citric acid‐stabilized ultrasmall Fe3O4 NPs synthesized via a solvothermal approach are linked with both the arthritis targeting ligand folic acid (FA) and light‐addressable unit diazirine (DA) via polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer. The formed ultrasmall Fe3O4‐PEG‐(DA)‐FA NPs are cytocompatible, display FA‐mediated targeting specificity to arthritis‐associated macrophage cells, and can form NCs upon laser irradiation to have tunable r1 and r2 relaxivities by varying the laser irradiation duration. With these properties owned, the designed Fe3O4‐PEG‐(DA)‐FA NPs can be used for T1‐weighted MR imaging of arthritis without lasers and enhanced dual‐mode T1/T2‐weighted MR imaging of arthritis under laser irradiation due to the formation of NCs that have extended accumulation within the arthritis region and limited intravasation back to the blood circulation. The designed light‐addressable Fe3O4‐PEG‐(DA)‐FA NPs may be used as a promising platform for dynamic and precision T1/T2‐weighted MR imaging of other diseases.
Biomimicking Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Li Yuanzhe , Wang Naixiang , Yang Anneng , Ling Haifeng , Yan Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStretchable organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) can find applications in wearable electronics for biosensing. However, the existing fabrication methods are either inconvenient or expensive. Here, a novel method to fabricate stretchable OECTs based on biomimicking polydimethylsiloxane substrates is reported. The substrate pattern is transferred from the bract of Bougainvillea glabra, demonstrating a 2D wavy structure. To further enhance the stretchability of the Au electrodes of the devices on the wavy surface, a highly conductive polymer film is coated on the Au surface by inkjet printing to bridge disconnected parts separated by cracks. The obtained OECTs demonstrate omnidirectional stretchability up to 30% and a bending radius down to 15 mm with stable performance. Stretchable glucose sensors with a detection limit around 1 µm are developed based on the biomimicking stretchable OECTs, which are sensitive enough for detecting glucose levels in body fluids.
A Battery‐Like Self‐Charge Universal Module for Motional Energy Harvest
Authors: Tan Puchuan , Zheng Qiang , Zou Yang , Shi Bojing , Jiang Dongjie , Qu Xuecheng , Ouyang Han , Zhao Chaochao , Cao Yu , Fan Yubo , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Zhou 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWearable and portable electronics have brought great convenience. These battery‐powered commercial devices have a limited lifetime and require recharging, which makes more extensive applications challenging. Here, a battery‐like self‐charge universal module (SUM) is developed, which is able to efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and store it in one device. An integrated SUM consists of a power management unit and an energy harvesting unit. Compared to other mechanical energy harvesting devices, SUM is more ingenious, efficient and can be universally used as a battery. Under low frequency (5 Hz), a SUM can deliver an excellent normalized output power of 2 mW g−1. After carrying several SUMs and jogging for 10 min, a commercial global positioning system module is powered and works continuously for 0.5 h. SUMs can be easily assembled into different packages for powering various commercial electronics, demonstrating the great application prospects of SUM as a sustainable battery‐like device for wearable and portable electronics.
Stochastic DNA Walkers in Droplets for Super‐Multiplexed Bacterial Phenotype Detection
Authors: Xiao Mingshu , Zou Kui , Li Li , Wang Lihua , Tian Yang , Fan Chunhai , Pei Hao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPathogen detection is growing in importance in the global health arena because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial blood stream infections. In this work, we present stochastic DNA walkers in droplets (SDwalker‐Drop), a one‐step, rapid, and super‐multiplex method for ultrahigh‐throughput bacterial detection. The SDwalkers, by exploiting cascade signal amplification, endow our analytical platform with fast analysis times and single‐cell analysis ability. The autonomous and multiple‐step walking behavior of the SDwalkers provides a super‐multiplex droplet‐encoding strategy by embedding intensity coded barcodes into a sequence of color‐multiplexed barcodes. We realized a theoretical coding capacity of 83−1=511 and achieved 20 distinct patterns for bacterial phenotype detection and identification. Moreover, our SDwalker‐Drop platform could be readily integrated with a flow cytometer to afford a general approach for super‐multiplexed, high‐throughput biological assays and screening.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Studies of PCSe−, AsCS−, AsCSe−, and NCSe−: Insights into the Electronic Structures of the Whole Family of ECX− Anions (E=N, P, As; X=O, S, Se)
Authors: Yuan Qinqin , Tambornino Frank , Hinz Alexander , Borden Weston Thatcher , Goicoechea Jose M. , Chen Bo , Wang Xue‐Bin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe newly synthesized phosphorus‐ and arsenic‐containing analogues of the thio‐ and seleno‐cyanate anions, PCSe−, AsCS−, and AsCSe−, as well as the known ion NCSe− were investigated in the gas phase by negative‐ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES), velocity‐map imaging (VMI) spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical computations. The electron affinities (EA), spin–orbit (SO) splittings, and “symmetric”/“asymmetric” stretching frequencies of the neutral radicals ECX. (E=N, P, As; X=S, Se), generated by electron detachment from the corresponding anions, were obtained from the spectra. The calculated EAs, SO splittings, and vibrational frequencies are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. These newly obtained values, when combined with those previously determined for the lighter analogues, show interesting trends on descending the pnictogen and chalcogen series. These trends are rationalized based on electronegativity arguments, the electron distributions in the HOMOs, and NBO/NRT analyses.
A Mechanistic Analysis of the Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of Branched Allylic Amines Reveals the Origin of the Regio‐ and Enantioselectivity through a Unique Inner‐Sphere Pathway
Authors: Hu Lingfei , Cai Aijie , Wu Zhenzhen , Kleij Arjan W. , Huang Genping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA recently reported palladium‐catalyzed allylic substitution of vinyl‐substituted cyclic carbonates (VCCs) with aryl amines represents a rare example of a regio‐ and enantioselective synthesis of α,α‐disubstituted allylic N‐aryl amines. However, the underlying reasons for this unusual selectivity profile remain elusive. In the present work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with mechanistic control experiments were performed to elucidate in detail this allylic amination manifold and the origin of the regio‐ and enantioselectivity. The combined data show that after oxidative addition of the VCC to Pd0, the nucleophilic attack via an originally proposed outer‐sphere pathway gives, however, the opposite regioisomer compared to the experimental results. Instead, nucleophilic attack of the amine reagent via a unique type of chelation‐assisted, inner‐sphere pathway accounts for the experimentally observed “branched” regioselectivity and high enantio‐control.
Synthesis of citric acid modified β‐cyclodextrin/activated carbon hybrid composite and their adsorption properties toward methylene blue
Authors: Tang Kaili , Li Yanhui , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Meixiu , Du Qiuju , Li Hong , Wang Yuqi , Wang Dechang , Wang Cuiping , Sui Kunyan , Li Hongliang , Xia Yanzhi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, citric acid modified β‐cyclodextrin/activated carbon hybrid (CA‐β‐CD/AC) composites were synthesized by crosslinking reaction, and their adsorption properties for methylene blue were studied. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method were used to characterize the structure and the morphology of composite materials. It was investigated that the effect of experiment parameters on the adsorption performance including weight fraction of AC in the composite, the adsorbent dose, the initial concentration of MB, the solution pH value, contact time, and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir isotherm is 862.07 mg g−1. Kinetic studies show that the adsorption process follows the pseudo‐first‐order and pseud‐second‐order reaction models. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption behavior was an exothermic reaction. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48315.
Torfmoos (Sphagnum) – historisches Erfahrungswissen und neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten für ein Naturprodukt
Authors: Kain Günther , Idam Friedrich , Tonini Sarah , Wimmer Angelika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTorfmoos (Sphagnum) ist ein von alters her vielfach eingesetztes Dicht‐, Füll‐, und Dämmmaterial. Im Zuge der Bemühungen trockengelegte Moore wieder zu vernässen, wird die technische Nutzung von Torfmoosen (Sphagnum farming) erneut diskutiert. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und das hygroskopische Verhalten von unterschiedlich schweren Torfmoosmatten untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Torfmoos ein sehr vielversprechendes Fugendichtungsmaterial ist und die Dämmeigenschaften jenen von Polystyrol oder Mineralwolle ebenbürtig sind. Darüber hinaus wurden prototypische Baudetails zur Verwendung von Torfmoos als Dichtungs‐ und Dämmmaterial für die Bauanschlussfuge von Fenstern entwickelt. Torfmoos könnte hier eine Alternative zum weitverbreiteten PU‐Schaum im ökologischen Bausektor sein.
Estimating the decision curve and its precision from three study designs
Authors: Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Gail Mitchell H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe decision curve plots the net benefitof a risk model for making decisions over a range of risk thresholds, corresponding to different ratios of misclassification costs. We discuss three methods to estimate the decision curve, together with corresponding methods of inference and methods to compare two risk models at a given risk threshold. One method uses risks (R) and a binary event indicator (Y) on the entire validation cohort. This method makes no assumptions on how well‐calibrated the risk model is nor on the incidence of disease in the population and is comparatively robust to model miscalibration. If one assumes that the model is well‐calibrated, one can compute a much more precise estimate ofbased on risksRalone. However, if the risk model is miscalibrated, serious bias can result. Case–control data can also be used to estimateif the incidence (or prevalence) of the event () is known. This strategy has comparable efficiency to using the fulldata, and its efficiency is only modestly less than that for the fulldata if the incidence is estimated from the mean ofY. We estimate variances using influence functions and propose a bootstrap procedure to obtain simultaneous confidence bands around the decision curve for a range of thresholds. The influence function approach to estimate variances can also be applied to cohorts derived from complex survey samples instead of simple random samples.
Comprehensive analysis of five long noncoding RNAs expression as competing endogenous RNAs in regulating hepatoma carcinoma
Authors: Lou Xin , Li Jun , Yu Dong , Wei Ya‐Qing , Feng Shuang , Sun Jin‐Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLiver cancer is the most common cancer and is the epitome of a recalcitrant cancer. Increasing evidence shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) were associated with cancer‐related death and could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). To explore regulatory roles and potential prognostic biomarkers of lncRNA for liver cancer, RNA‐sequencing expression data were downloaded from the TCGA database and GEO database. A total of 357 patients were randomly divided into a discovery group and a validation group, of which 313 patients can obtain clinical data. In discovery phrase, 58 lncRNAs, 16 miRNAs, and 34 mRNAs were screened to construct the ceRNA network based on 252 patients employed from discovery group. Univariate and multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis model revealed that five lncRNAs (AATK‐AS1, C10orf91, LINC00162, LINC00200, and LINC00501) from 58 lncRNAs were formulated to predict the overall survival (OS). We used the value of gene expression and regression coefficients to construct a risk score based on the five lncRNAs. Next, we validated our model in the GSE116174 dataset (n = 64) and the validation group (n = 94) from TCGA database. Subgroup analysis suggest that the five lncRNAs played critical parts in early stage in cancer from both discovery and validation groups. The five lncRNAs were also found to be associated with immune cells infiltration including CD4+ memory activated, NK cells activated and mast cells activated, then the results were also validated according to the validation group. Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these nine coexpressed modules using the method of WGCNA, and many of these pathways are associated with the development and progression of disease. At last, the transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) of the five lncRNAs were predicted, which help us to understand the potential mechanism that the TFBS adjusted the ceRNA network. In summary, the ceRNA regulatory network may contribute to a better understanding of liver cancer mechanism and provide potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Cationic Chalcogenoviologen Derivatives for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy and Skin Regeneration
Authors: Zhou Kun , Tian Ran , Li Guoping , Qiu Xinyu , Xu Letian , Guo Mengying , Chigan Dongdong , Zhang Yanfeng , Chen Xin , He Gang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of water‐soluble cationic chalcogenoviologen‐based photosensitizers for photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) is reported. The Se‐containing derivatives (SeMV2+) 5 b and 6 b showed good antimicrobial activities due to the presence of chalcogen atoms and a cationic scaffold. The former efficiently enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the latter facilitated the ROS delivery to bacteria, resulting in their death. Interestingly, alkyl‐modified photosensitizers showed higher antimicrobial activities than commonly reported photosensitizers with quaternary ammonium (QA) groups. In particular, the SeMV2+ (6 b) with excellent antibacterial activities efficiently promoted the healing of infected wounds in mice. Simple yet novel, nontoxic and biocompatible chalcogenoviologens provided a promising strategy to develop new efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic antimicrobial therapy and skin regeneration.