bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing the art of modern China: trends in exhibiting modern Chinese painting in Britain, c.1930–1980
Authors: Ying-Ling Huang Michelle 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
By 1930, the British public took a stronger interest in early Chinese art than in works produced in the pre-modern and modern periods. However, China’s cultural diplomacy in Britain during war-time, as well as the interactions between collectors, scholars and artists of both countries, helped refresh Occidental understanding of the tradition and recent achievements of Chinese art. This article examines the ways in which modern Chinese painting was perceived, collected and displayed in Britain from 1930 to 1980 – the formative period for the collecting and connoisseurship of modern Chinese art in the West. It analyses exhibitions of twentieth-century Chinese painting held in museums and galleries in order to map trends and identify the major parties who introduced the British public to a new aspect of Chinese pictorial art. It also discusses prominent Chinese painters’ connections with British curators, scholars and dealers, who helped establish their reputation in Britain.
Capital Regulation and Bank Deposits*
Authors: Arping Stefan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Recent literature suggests that higher capital requirements for banks might lead to a socially costly crowding out of deposits by equity. This paper shows that additional equity in banks can help to crowd in deposits. Intuitively, as banks have more equity and become safer, the cost of deposit funding may decline; this, in turn, can encourage banks to expand their deposits. However, I also find that, for this effect to occur, capital requirements may have to be stringent enough: When bank capital is low, a small rise in capital requirements can cause banks to substitute equity for deposits. Overall, a non-monotonic relationship between the required amount of equity in banks and their level of deposit funding obtains.
Transforming EU Equality Law? On Disruptive Narratives and False Dichotomies
Authors: Xenidis Raphaële 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
With the adoption of the Race Equality Directive (2000/43/EC), the Framework Directive (2000/78/EC) and the Gender Directive on goods and services (2004/113/EC) and their subsequent interpretation by the Court of Justice, the landscape of EU non-discrimination law changed dramatically. At the same time, beyond this legal evolution, an important discursive shift reframed equality as a genuine fundamental right, in opposition to its historical function as a catalyst for market integration. The aim of this article is to critically interrogate what has been presented as the normative transformation of EU equality law in the aftermath of the 2000s. The present article deconstructs this disruptive narrative and contests the conventionally assumed radical dichotomy between market integration and human rights as overarching rationales for the Union’s commitment to equality. It explores the tension between an ambitious fundamental rights rhetoric and the pragmatic fluctuations of the substance of the principle of equality in EU law. It argues that the ‘new’ post-Amsterdam language of rights, under the guise of ‘progress’, covers an actual continuity in the normative grammar of EU non-discrimination law. Arguably, the very normative indeterminacy of equality facilitated its exploitation by different EU actors to advance their own strategic aims. This resulted in a form of hybridity of the principle of non-discrimination, with important consequences in terms of enforceable equality rights and their hierarchy. The demonstration offered here operates at three different levels: the analysis successively focuses on the material and discursive substance of equality, its normative foundations and its operationalization in order to explore the question of the transformation of EU equality law beyond disruptive narratives and false dichotomies.
Texting Test Results Reduces the Time to Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Bilello Lori A. , Livingood William C. , Lukens-Bull Katryne , Smotherman Carmen , Choe Ulyee 
Published: June 2018

Context:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major health problem and source of health disparities in the United States. With diminishing resources, public health agencies are challenged to limit inefficient STI practices and still maintain effective population health.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to implement a text-messaging strategy to convey STI test results and to assess whether texting positive results was associated with a shorter treatment time frame.

Design:
Quasi-experimental design.

Setting:
Six counties in Florida.

Participants:
Sexually transmitted infection clients in 6 county health departments.

Intervention:
Clients tested for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis were given the option to receive their results by a text message or the regular notification process (phone or follow-up clinic visit).

Main Outcome Measure:
The time to treatment after a positive test result for those clients who received their results by a text message versus the regular notification process. Those who were presumptively treated were excluded from the analysis.

Results:
Over a 10-month period, 4081 clients were offered the texting option and 47.8% agreed to participate. For the counties combined, there was a higher percentage of those who received treatment within 1 to 4 days who received their positive test results by text message (53.0%) versus those who received their results by traditional methods (42.0%). In addition, there was a lower percentage of those who either did not get treated or were treated 8 days or more who received their positive test results by text message (26.1%) versus those who received their results by traditional methods (35.2%).

Conclusions:
Providing a text-messaging option is a viable strategy for clinics to provide timely results to their clients, and these clients were more likely to be treated in 1 to 4 days. Important for public health quality improvement, and increased efficiency and adoption of emerging technologies.
Strategies and Tools for Public Health Workforce Training Needs Assessments in Diverse and Changing Population Health Contexts
Authors: Aidala Angela A. , Cavaliere Brittney , Cinnick Samantha 
Published: June 2018

Context:
A key component of the improvement of public health infrastructure in the United States revolves around public health workforce development and training. Workforce challenges faced by the public health system have long been recognized, but there are additional challenges facing any region-wide or cross-jurisdictional effort to accurately assess priority workforce training needs and develop training resources to address those needs. These challenges include structural variability of public health organizations; diverse population health contexts; capturing both topic-specific skill sets and foundational competencies among public health workers; and reaching/representing the target population despite suspicion, disinterest, and/or assessment “fatigue” among employees asked to participate in workforce development surveys.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to describe the challenges, strategies to meet those challenges, and lessons learned conducting public health workforce training needs assessments by academic and practice partners of the Region 2 Public Health Training Center (R2/PHTC).

Setting and Participants:
The R2/PHTC is hosted by the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University and serves New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands within its jurisdiction.

Results:
Strategies for responding to diverse organizational structures and population health contexts across the region; defining training priorities that address both foundational competencies for public health professionals and content-specific training to address local public health needs; reaching/representing target populations of public health workers; and analysis and report writing to encourage rapid response to identified needs and comprehensive workforce development planning are discussed. Lessons learned are likely instructive to other workforce training needs assessments in complex and ever-changing public health environments.
Measuring Local Public Health and Primary Care Collaboration: A Practice-Based Research Approach
Authors: Gyllstrom Elizabeth , Gearin Kimberly , Nease Donald , Bekemeier Betty , Pratt Rebekah 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
To describe the degree of public health and primary care collaboration at the local level and develop a model framework of collaboration, the Community Collaboration Health Model (CCHM).

Design:
Mixed-methods, cross-sectional surveys, and semistructured, key informant interviews.

Setting:
All local health jurisdictions in Colorado, Minnesota, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Participants:
Leaders from each jurisdiction were identified to describe local collaboration. Eighty percent of local health directors completed our survey (n = 193), representing 80% of jurisdictions. The parallel primary care survey had a 31% response rate (n = 128), representing 50% of jurisdictions. Twenty pairs of local health directors and primary care leaders participated in key informant interviews.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Thirty-seven percent of jurisdictions were classified as having strong foundational and energizing characteristics in the model. Ten percent displayed high energizing/low foundational characteristics, 11% had high foundational/low energizing characteristics, and 42% of jurisdictions were low on both.

Results:
Respondents reported wide variation in relationship factors. They generally agreed that foundational characteristics were present in current working relationships but were less likely to agree that relationships had factors promoting sustainability or innovation.

Conclusions:
Both sectors valued working together in principle, yet few did. Identifying shared priorities and achieving tangible benefits may be critical to realizing sustained relationships resulting in population health improvement. Our study reveals broad variation in experiences among local jurisdictions in our sample. Tools, such as the CCHM, and technical assistance may be helpful to support advancing collaboration. Dedicated funding, reimbursement redesign, improved data systems, and data sharing capability are key components of promoting collaboration. Yet, even in the absence of new reimbursement models or funding mechanisms, there are steps leaders can take to build and sustain their relationships. The self-assessment tool and the CCHM can identify opportunities for improving collaboration and link practitioners to strategies.
Cardiac MRI T2* in Liver Transplant Candidates: Application and Performance of a Novel Imaging Technique to Identify Patients at Risk for Poor Posttransplant Cardiac Outcomes
Authors: Lewin Sara M. , Kallianos Kimberly , Nevah M. Ilan , Zhao Susan , Fix Oren K. , Brooks Gabriel C. , De Marco Teresa , Qasim Atif N. , Ordovas Karen G. , Mehta Neil 
Published: June 2018

Background
In end-stage liver disease, alterations in iron metabolism can lead to iron overload and development of iron overload cardiomyopathy. In liver transplant candidates, evaluation for cardiac iron overload and dysfunction can help to identify candidates at increased risk for peritransplant morbidity and mortality, though recommendations for pretransplant evaluation of cardiac iron overload are not standardized. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2* (CMRI-T2*) is a validated method to quantify cardiac iron deposition, with normal T2* value of 20 ms or greater. In this study, we sought to identify the incidence and predictors of iron overload by CMRI-T2* and to evaluate the impact of cardiac and iron overload on morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center cohort study, all liver transplant candidates who underwent a pretransplant CMRI-T2* between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2016, were included to analyze the association between clinical characteristics and low T2* using logistic regression.

Results
One hundred seventy-nine liver transplant candidates who received CMRI-T2* were included. Median age was 57 years, 73.2% were male, and 47.6% were white. 49.7% had hepatitis C and 2.8% had hemochromatosis. Median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 25. 65.2% were Child-Pugh C. In multivariable logistic regression, T2* less than 20 ms (n = 35) was associated with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 25 or greater (odds ratio [OR], 3.65; P = 0.007), Child-Pugh C (OR, 3.42; P = 0.03), and echocardiographic systolic ejection fraction less than 65% (OR, 2.24; P = 0.01). Posttransplant heart failure occurred exclusively in recipients with T2* less than 15 ms. Survival was worse in T2* 10 to 14.9 versus T2* of 20 ms or greater (hazard ratio, 3.85; P = 0.003), but not for 15 to 19.9 versus T2* of 20 ms or greater.

Conclusions
Severity of liver disease and systolic dysfunction is associated with T2* less than 20 ms, though there was no difference in posttransplant outcomes between T2* 15 to 19.9 and T2* 20 ms or greater, suggesting that individuals with T2* of 15 ms or greater may be suitable transplant candidates. CMRI-T2* is an additional diagnostic tool in evaluating transplant candidates at high risk for posttransplant cardiac complications.
Adaptive switch to sexually dimorphic movements by partner-seeking termites
Authors: Mizumoto Nobuaki , Dobata Shigeto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhen searching for targets whose location is not known, animals should benefit by adopting movement patterns that promote random encounters. During mate search, theory predicts that the optimal search pattern depends on the expected distance to potential partners. A key question is whether actual males and females update their mate search patterns to increase encounter probability when conditions change. Here we show that two termite species, Reticulitermes speratus and Coptoterines formosanus, adaptively alternate between sexually monomorphic and dimorphic movements during mate search. After leaving their nests in a synchronized manner, termites begin to search for a mate. The resulting pairs perform tandem runs toward potential nest sites. We found that both sexes moved faster and in straight lines before finding partners, which is known to improve encounter rates when targets have completely unpredictable positions. In stark contrast, when pairs were accidentally separated during tandem running, they showed distinct sexually dimorphic movements, where females paused for long periods while males paused only briefly and moved actively. Data-based simulations demonstrated that such sexually dimorphic movements are advantageous when a mate is located nearby but its exact location is unknown. These results emphasize the importance of biological details to evaluate the efficiency of random search in animals. By extending the concept of mutual search beyond the context of mating, the dimorphic movements between partners represent a remarkable convergence between termites and other animals including humans.Significance StatementHow should females and males move to search for partners whose exact location is unknown? Theory predicts that the answer depends on what they know about where targets can be found, indicating that the question doesn’t make sense until the searching context is clarified. We demonstrated that termites adaptively switch their search modes depending on the potential distance to their partners. When the location of potential mates was completely unpredictable, both sexes moved in straight lines to explore widely. In contrast, when the stray partner was at least nearby, males moved while females paused. Simulations confirmed that these movements increase the rate of successful encounters. The context-dependent switch of search modes is a key to enhance random encounters in animals.
Vitamin D and Macrophage Polarization in Epicardial Adipose Tissue of Atherosclerotic Swine
Authors: Gunasekar Palanikumar , Swier Vicki J. , Fleegel Jonathan P. , Boosani Chandra S. , Radwan Mohamed M. , Agrawal Devendra K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVitamin D functions as a potent immunomodulator by interacting with many immune cells however, its role in regulating inflammation in the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is unclear. In the EAT of atherosclerotic microswine that were fed with deficient, sufficient or supplemented levels of vitamin D, we evaluated the phenotype of the macrophages. Vitamin D treatment was continued for 12 months and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured regularly. Infiltration of M1/M2 macrophage was investigated by immunostaining for CCR7 and CD206, respectively in conjunction with a pan macrophage marker CD14. Significant difference in the number of CCR7+ cells was observed in the EAT from vitamin D-deficient swine compared to vitamin D-sufficient or -supplemented swine. Expression of CD206 correlated with high levels of serum 25(OH)D indicating a significant increase in M2 macrophages in the EAT of vitamin D-supplemented compared to -deficient swine. These findings suggest that vitamin D-deficiency exacerbates inflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, while vitamin D-supplementation attenuates the inflammatory cytokines and promotes M2 macrophages in EAT. This study demonstrates the significance of vitamin D mediated inhibition of macrophage mediated inflammation in the EAT during coronary intervention in addition to its immunomodulatory role. However, additional studies are required to identify the cellular mechanisms that transduce signals between macrophages and smooth muscle cells during restenosis in the presence and absence of vitamin D.Author Contribution StatementDKA conceived and designed the experiments; PG, JPF, MMR performed the experiments; PG, JPF, VJS analyzed and interpreted the results; PG prepared the figures and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript; CSB, DKA revised and edited the revised manuscript.
Obesity impairs resistance toLeishmania majorinfection in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Silva Franciele Carolina , Martins Vinicius Dantas , Caixeta Felipe , Carneiro Matheus Batista , Goes Graziele Ribeiro , Paiva Nivea Carolina , Carneiro Cláudia Martins , Vieira Leda Quercia , Maria Caetano Faria Ana , Maioli Tatiani Uceli 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn association between increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and obesity has been described as a result of impaired immunity in obese individuals. It is not clear whether a similar linkage can be drawn between obesity and parasitic diseases. To evaluate the effect of obesity in the immune response to cutaneousL. majorinfection, we studied the ability of C57BL/6 mice submitted to a high fat and sugar diet to control leishmaniasis. Mice with diet-induced obesity presented thicker lesions with higher parasite burden and more inflammatory infiltrate in the infected ear when infected withL. major. We observe no difference in IFN-γ or IL-4 production by draining lymph node cells between control and obese mice, but obese mice presented higher production of IgG1 and IL-17. A higher percentage ofin vitro-infected peritoneal macrophages was found when these cells were obtained from obese mice when compared to lean mice.In vitrostimulation of macrophages with IL-17 decreased the capacity of cells from control mice to kill the parasite. Moreover, macrophages from obese mice presented higher arginase activity. Together our results indicate that diet-induced obesity impairs resistance toL. majorin C57BL/6 mice without affecting the development of Th1 response.Author SummaryThe obesity is a public health problem and it is reaching extraordinary numbers in the world and others diseases are being involved and aggravated as consequence of obesity. What we know is that some diseases are more severe in obese people than in normal people. We did not know how obesity changes the profile of immune response to infectious agents, leading to the more severe diseases. That‘s why we decided to investigate how obese mice lead withLeishmania majorinfection. Leishmaniasis is a protozoa parasite infection considered a neglected disease. To try our hypothesis we gave a hipercaloric diet to induce obesity in C57BL/6 mice. After that, we injectedL. majorin the mice ear and followed the lesion for 8 weeks. We observed a ticker lesion and the cells from draining lymph node from obese mice produced more IL-17 than cells from normal mice. We also infected invitro, macrophages from obese mice and stimulated the cells with IL-17, and we observed that the macrophages from obese mice are more infected by the L. major and it is worst in the presence of IL-17. Our results suggest that diet induced obesity decrease the resistance to infection.
Regulation of FtsZ levels inEscherichia coliin slow growth conditions
Authors: Männik Jaana , Walker Bryant E. , Männik Jaan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA key regulator of cell division in most walled bacteria is the FtsZ protein that assembles into protofilaments attached to the membrane at midcell. These dynamic protofilament assemblies, known as the Z-ring, act as a scaffold for more than two dozen proteins involved in synthesis of septal cell envelopes. What triggers the formation of the Z-ring during the cell cycle is poorly understood. InEscherichia colimodel organism, the common view is that FtsZ concentration is constant throughout its doubling time and therefore regulation of assembly should be controlled by some yet to be identified protein-protein interactions. Here we show using quantitative analysis of newly developed fluorescent reporter that FtsZ concentration varies in a cell-cycle dependent manner in slow growth conditions and that upregulation of FtsZ synthesis correlates with the formation of the Z-ring. About 4-fold upregulation of FtsZ synthesis in the first half of the cell cycle is followed by its rapid degradation by ClpXP protease in the last 10% of the cell cycle. The initiation of rapid degradation coincides with dissociation of FtsZ from the septum. Altogether, our data indicate that the Z-ring formation in slow growth conditions inE. coliis controlled by a regulatory sequence where upregulation of an essential cell cycle factor is followed by its degradation.SignificanceFtsZ is the key regulator for bacterial cell division. It initiates division by forming a dynamic ring-like structure, the Z-ring, at the mid-cell. Here we show that, contrarily to the current paradigm, FtsZ concentration inEscherichia colimodel organism varies throughout cell cycle in slow growth conditions. Faster FtsZ synthesis in the first half of the cell cycle is followed by its rapid degradation by ClpXP protease in the end of the cell cycle. Upregulation of FtsZ synthesis correlates with the formation of the Z-ring. Our data demonstrates that in slow growthE. colicell division progresses according to paradigm where upregulation of essential cell cycle factor is followed by its degradation.