bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of physical forces in osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Ma Qinyu , Ma Zaisong , Liang Mengmeng , Luo Fei , Xu Jianzhong , Dou Ce , Dong Shiwu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe movements of life at every level from organs, tissues, cells to sub‐cells, are all conducted in certain physical environments. In the human body, skeletal tissue among all connective tissues is influenced the most by physical forces. Studying the biological behavior of bone cells under different physical environments is helpful in further understanding bone homeostasis and metabolism. Among all bone cells, osteoclast (OC) and OC steered bone remodeling is one of the key points in bone metabolism. In the past few decades, people's understanding of OC was mostly limited to its involvement of bone resorption under physiological and pathological conditions. However, more and more studies started to focus on how physical forces affect the formation and differentiation of OC. This review tries to illustrate the knowledge up to date about how osteoclastogenesis is regulated by physical forces through direct and indirect ways, including fluid shear force, compressive force, and microgravity. The direct way describes the straightforward effects produced by different forces in osteoclastogenesis, whereas the indirect way describes the effects of different forces in osteoclastogenesis through regulation of other bone cells when a certain force is applied. Molecular mechanisms were analyzed and reviewed in both direct and indirect regulation by different forces. Finally, we discussed the status quo and tendency of related research, as well as other unresolved issues, and some future prospects.
Mechanisms of apoptosis modulation by curcumin: Implications for cancer therapy
Authors: Mortezaee Keywan , Salehi Ensieh , Mirtavoos‐mahyari Hanifeh , Motevaseli Elahe , Najafi Masoud , Farhood Bagher , Rosengren Rhonda J. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCancer incidences are growing and cause millions of deaths worldwide. Cancer therapy is one of the most important challenges in medicine. Improving therapeutic outcomes from cancer therapy is necessary for increasing patients’ survival and quality of life. Adjuvant therapy using various types of antibodies or immunomodulatory agents has suggested modulating tumor response. Resistance to apoptosis is the main reason for radioresistance and chemoresistance of most of the cancers, and also one of the pivotal targets for improving cancer therapy is the modulation of apoptosis signaling pathways. Apoptosis can be induced by intrinsic or extrinsic pathways via stimulation of several targets, such as membrane receptors of tumor necrosis factor‐α and transforming growth factor‐β, and also mitochondria. Curcumin is a naturally derived agent that induces apoptosis in a variety of different tumor cell lines. Curcumin also activates redox reactions within cells inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that leads to the upregulation of apoptosis receptors on the tumor cell membrane. Curcumin can also upregulate the expression and activity of p53 that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and increases apoptosis. Furthermore, curcumin has a potent inhibitory effect on the activity of NF‐κB and COX‐2, which are involved in the overexpression of antiapoptosis genes such as Bcl‐2. It can also attenuate the regulation of antiapoptosis PI3K signaling and increase the expression of MAPKs to induce endogenous production of ROS. In this paper, we aimed to review the molecular mechanisms of curcumin‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells. This action of curcumin could be applicable for use as an adjuvant in combination with other modalities of cancer therapy including radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Cover Image, Volume 94, Issue 2
Authors: Anane Emmanuel , Sawatzki Annina , Neubauer Peter , Cruz‐Bournazou Mariano Nicolas 
Published: January 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Modelling concentration gradients in fed‐batch cultivations of E. coli ‐ towards the flexible design of scale‐down experiments by Emmanuel Anane et al., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5798.
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Online Ramsey theory for a triangle on ‐free graphs
Authors: Choi Hojin , Choi Ilkyoo , Jeong Jisu , Oum Sang‐il 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGiven a class of graphs and a fixed graph , the online Ramsey game for H on is a game between two players Builder and Painter as follows: an unbounded set of vertices is given as an initial state, and on each turn Builder introduces a new edge with the constraint that the resulting graph must be in , and Painter colors the new edge either red or blue. Builder wins the game if Painter is forced to make a monochromatic copy of at some point in the game. Otherwise, Painter can avoid creating a monochromatic copy of forever, and we say Painter wins the game. We initiate the study of characterizing the graphs such that for a given graph , Painter wins the online Ramsey game for on ‐free graphs. We characterize all graphs such that Painter wins the online Ramsey game for on the class of ‐free graphs, except when is one particular graph. We also show that Painter wins the online Ramsey game for on the class of ‐minor‐free graphs, extending a result by Grytczuk, Hałuszczak, and Kierstead [Electron. J. Combin. 11 (2004), p. 60].
Memantine can relieve the neuronal impairment caused by neurotropic virus infection
Authors: Sun Leqiang , Zhou Meiling , Liu Chuangang , Tang Yajie , Xiao Ke , Dai Jinxia , Gao Zhisong , Siew Leonard , Cao Gang , Wu Xiang , Li Liang , Zhang Ran 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeurotropic viruses, such as the rabies virus (RABV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), induce neuronal dysfunction and complication, causing neuronal damage. Currently, there are still no effective clinical treatments for neuronal injury caused by neurotropic viruses. Memantine, a drug capable of passing through the blood‐brain barrier, noncompetitively and reversibly binds to n‐methyl‐
d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Memantine is used to treat Alzheimer's disease by blocking the activation of extra axonal ion channels, thus preventing neuronal degeneration by inhibiting the abnormal cytosolic Ca
2+ increase. To explore whether memantine can alleviate neurological disturbances caused by RABV and JEV, the following experiments were carried out: (1) for primary neurons cultured in vitro infected with RABV, the addition of memantine showed neuroprotection. (2) In the RABV challenge experiments, memantine had limited therapeutic effect, mildly extending the survival time of mice. In contrast, memantine significantly prolonged the survival time of mice infected with JEV, by reducing the intravascular cuff and inflammatory cell infiltration in mice. Furthermore, memantine decreases the amount of JEV virus in mice brain.
Can pride be a vice and virtue at work? Associations between authentic and hubristic pride and leadership behaviors
Authors: Yeung Edward , Shen Winny 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPride, a discrete emotion that drives the pursuits of achievement and status, is crucial to consider in leadership contexts. Across three studies, we explored how leaders' experiences of authentic and hubristic pride were associated with their leadership behaviors. In Study 1, a field study of leader–follower dyads, leader trait authentic pride was associated with the use of more effective (i.e., consideration and initiating structure) and fewer ineffective (i.e., abusive supervision) leadership behaviors, and hubristic pride was associated with more abusive behaviors. In Study 2, a daily diary study, on days when leaders experienced more authentic pride than usual, they used more effective leadership behaviors than usual, whereas on days when leaders experienced more hubristic pride than typical, they were more likely to engage in abusive supervision than typical. In Study 3, a scenario‐based experiment, leaders who experienced more authentic pride in response to our experimental manipulation were more likely to intend to use effective leadership behaviors. In contrast, those who experienced more hubristic pride were less likely to use these behaviors and more likely to intend to be abusive. Overall, this work highlights the importance of pride for leadership processes and the utility of examining discrete and self‐conscious emotions within organizations.
Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated from fatty acids by a model system
Authors: Nie Wen , Cai Kezhou , Li Yuzhu , Tu Zehui , Hu Bing , Zhou Cunliu , Chen Conggui , Jiang Shaotong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe characteristics of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced from various fatty acids, as important components of fats and oils, at high temperature are still little known. The reason is because the existing data are from experiments conducted in complex food systems. In this study, 12 PAHs produced from nine fatty acids, representing saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), were investigated in a model system heated at 98, 165 and 240 °C.RESULTSSFAs can with difficulty be pyrolyzed to generate PAHs at 98 °C, but small amounts of PAHs were determined in MUFAs (44.97 µg kg−1) and PUFAs (177.73 µg kg−1). When the temperature reached 165 °C, there were totals of 27.59, 142.8 and 449.68 µg kg−1 PAHs assayed in SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs, respectively. The amounts of PAHs generated from SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs at 240 °C were higher when compared with those of the 165 °C group (P < 0.05). With an increase of heating temperature, the proportion of PAHs with four to five rings increased. Under the same heating conditions, the concentration of PAHs in fatty acids increased with an increase in the number of double bonds.CONCLUSIONSMore PAHs, especially carcinogenic ones with four to five rings, will be produced in fatty acids heated at higher temperature. The content of PAHs generated from fatty acids increased with an increase in the number of double bonds. This study will increase the understanding of the production characteristics of PAHs from various fatty acids under heating condition. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Screening and isolation of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors from Trifolium pratense L. via ultrafiltration, enzyme‐immobilized magnetic beads, semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Hou Wanchao , Li Senlin , Li Sainan , Shi Dongfang , Liu Chunming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs reportedly reduce the risk of developing cancer. One mechanism by which they reduce carcinogenesis involves the inhibition of the activity of cyclooxygenase‐2, an enzyme that is overexpressed in various cancer tissues. Its overexpression increases cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. However, selected cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors can also act through cyclooxygenase‐independent mechanisms. In this study, using ultrafiltration, enzyme‐immobilized magnetic beads, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry, several isoflavonoids in Trifolium pratense L. extracts were screened and identified. Semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography were then applied to separate the active constituents. Using these methods, seven major compounds were identified in Trifolium pratense L. As cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors: rothindin, ononin, daidzein, trifoside, pseudobaptigenin, formononetin, and biochanin A, which were then isolated with >92% purity. This is the first report of the presence of potent cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors in Trifolium pratense L. extracts. The results of this study demonstrate that the systematic isolation of bioactive components from Trifolium pratense L., by using ultrafiltration, enzyme‐immobilized magnetic beads, semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography, represents a feasible and efficient technique that could be extended for the identification and isolation of other enzyme inhibitors.
Intellectual capital, entrepreneurial orientation, and technical innovation in small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Al‐Jinini Dina Khalid , Dahiyat Samer Eid , Bontis Nick 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effects of intellectual capital (IC) on technical innovation (TI) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs).Hypotheses were tested using a survey data set of 464 questionnaires collected from senior, middle, and functional managers, in addition to employees working in 63 SMEs operating in Jordan.The findings show that all IC dimensions have positive significant effects on both TI as well as EO. More specifically, human capital and relational capital emerged as having the strongest effects on TI, whereas relational capital and human competence had the strongest effects on EO. Interestingly, relational capital was the only IC dimension that had a particularly strong and positive significant effect on both EO and TI. Moreover, all EO dimensions had positive significant effects on TI. As for the mediating effect of EO, it was found to have quite a strong and partial mediating effect on the relationship between each IC dimension (relational, structural, human, and human competence) and TI. It was also noted that EO had a particularly strong partial mediating effect on the relationship between structural capital and TI, as well as human competence and TI.Given the unique context within which SMEs are established and developed, in terms of heavily investing in IC, as well as their supposedly entrepreneurial and innovative nature, this study provides an original contribution to the TI literature.
Establishment of an immortalized human subglottic epithelial cell line
Authors: Powell Jason , Verdon Bernard , Wilson Janet A. , Simpson A. John , Pearson Jeffery , Ward Chris 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTranslational research into subglottic disease is restricted by the availability of primary human tissue originating from this subsite. Primary epithelial cells are also limited by their inability to survive beyond several divisions in culture outside of the body. Specific subglottic cell lines, useful for in vitro studies, have not yet been described. We therefore demonstrate what we believe to be the first immortalized subglottic epithelial cell line.MethodsSubglottic tissue was derived from a single adult patient's neoplasia‐free human subglottic brushing specimen. Cells were immortalized using a lentiviral vector expressing simian virus 40 T antigen. Karyotyping was performed on the transformed cells using single nucleotide polymorphism array comparative genomic hybridization. Transformed cells were phenotypically characterized by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology studies.ResultsThe immortalized subglottic cell line (SG01) was able to divide successfully beyond 20 passages. Karyotyping demonstrated no significant genomic imbalance after immortalization. The cells demonstrated normal epithelial morphology and cytokeratin expression throughout. SG01 cells were also successfully cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI). At ALI cells demonstrated cilia, mucus production, and relevant ion channel expression.ConclusionThe novel SG01 subglottic epithelial cell line has been established. This cell line provides a unique resource for researchers to investigate subglottic diseases, such as subglottic stenosis.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 129:2640–2645, 2019
Shrub encroachment increases soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in temperate grasslands in China
Authors: Li He , Shen Haihua , Zhou Luhong , Zhu Yankun , Chen Leiyi , Hu Huifeng , Zhang Pujin , Fang Jingyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractShrub encroachment has significant impacts on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics of grassland ecosystems, but, how it influences soil organic C (SOC) and soil total N (STN) stocks of grasslands is not well documented, especially in deep soils. Here, we examined these effects by investigating the SOC density (SOCD) and the STN density (STND) at depths of up to 5 m in shrub patches and grassy matrix at 18 grassland sites in Inner Mongolia, China. Our results revealed that 44.0–54.1% of SOC and 65.5–74.8% of STN were stored in soil layers of 100 cm to 500 cm, and that shrub encroachment resulted in a significant accumulation of SOC and STN in shrub patches. The mean SOCD at 0–500 cm soil layers in shrub patches and grassy matrix was 11.34 and 8.39 kg C m−2, respectively, and the mean STND was 2.45 and 2.13 kg N m−2, respectively. These differences between the shrub patches and grassy matrix were equivalent to an increase in the mean SOC and STN stocks of 2.95 kg C m−2 and 0.32 kg N m−2, respectively. Increases in SOCD and STND mainly occurred in 30–300 cm soil layers, and varied between typical grassland and desert grassland. The changes in SOCD and STND exhibited significant negative correlations with temperature and pH and positive correlations with precipitation and plant biomass. Our findings suggest that shrub encroachment can significantly accumulate SOC and STN in deep soils in temperate grasslands, which helps to understand soil C and N dynamics in shrub‐encroached grasslands.
Stimulation of Microvascular Networks on Sulfonated Polyrotaxane Surfaces with Immobilized Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Hyodo Katsuya , Arisaka Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Yoda Tetsuya , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractModulation of material properties and growth factor application are critical in constructing suitable cell culture environments to induce desired cellular functions. Sulfonated polyrotaxane (PRX) surfaces with immobilized vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are prepared to improve network formation in vascular endothelial cells. Sulfonated PRXs, whereby sulfonated α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs) are threaded onto a linear poly(ethylene glycol) chain capped with bulky groups at both terminals, are coated onto surfaces. The molecular mobility of sulfonated PRX surfaces is modulated by tuning the number of threading α‐CDs. VEGF is immobilized onto surfaces with varying mobility. Low mobility and VEGF‐immobilization reinforce cell proliferation, yes‐associated protein activity, and rhoA, pdgf, ang‐1, and pecam‐1 gene expression. Highly mobile surfaces and soluble VEGF weakly affect these cell responses. Network formation is strongly stimulated in vascular endothelial cells only on low‐mobility VEGF‐immobilized surfaces, suggesting that molecular mobility and VEGF immobilization synergistically control cell function.
Non‐Volatile Glycerin Gel Enhanced by Sub‐5 nm Particles with Super Elasticity, Recoverability, and High Temperature Resistance
Authors: Li Lefan , Wang Qiao , Li Zongjin , Guo Siyao , Sun Guoxing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA gel material that can be applied to industry needs to fulfill two requirements: excellent mechanical properties and high temperature resistance. Previous research developed a hydrogel enhanced by sub‐5 nm particles, with excellent mechanical properties. While its application in the open environment is still limited by the volatilization of inner moisture, in this research, a non‐volatile gel (NV gel) enhanced by 5‐nm spherulites is manufactured. The NV gel remains stable after staying at 90 °C for 24 h. Meanwhile, being enhanced by sub‐5 nm nanospherulites, the NV gel shows good mechanical properties: with 200 ppm nanoparticle content, the tensile strength reaches 814 kPa and the compressive stress is 173.41 MPa at a recoverable 99% strain. The high temperature resistance is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical testing after thermal treatment. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis are used to evaluate the microstructure of NV gel. Possessing non‐volatile and good mechanical properties at the same time, this NV gel becomes very suitable for fulfilling the application requirement as an engineering material.
Functions of commuting contractions under perturbation
Authors: Peller V. V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to obtain estimates for differences of functions of two pairs of commuting contractions on Hilbert space. In particular, Lipschitz type estimates, Hölder type estimates, Schatten–von Neumann estimates are obtained. The results generalize earlier known results for functions of self‐adjoint operators, normal operators, contractions and dissipative operators.
Longitudinal evaluation of iron concentration and atrophy in the dentate nuclei in friedreich ataxia
Authors: Ward Phillip G. D. , Harding Ian H. , Close Thomas G. , Corben Louise A. , Delatycki Martin B. , Storey Elsdon , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Egan Gary F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundFriedreich ataxia is a recessively inherited, progressive neurological disease characterized by impaired mitochondrial iron metabolism. The dentate nuclei of the cerebellum are characteristic sites of neurodegeneration in the disease, but little is known of the longitudinal progression of abnormalities in these structures.MethodsUsing in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, including quantitative susceptibility mapping, we investigated changes in iron concentration and volume in the dentate nuclei in individuals with Friedreich ataxia (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 18) over a 2‐year period.ResultsThe longitudinal rate of iron concentration was significantly elevated bilaterally in participants with Friedreich ataxia relative to healthy controls. Atrophy rates did not differ significantly between groups. Change in iron concentration and atrophy both correlated with baseline disease severity or duration, indicating sensitivity of these measures to disease stage. Specifically, atrophy was maximal in individuals early in the disease course, whereas the rate of iron concentration increased with disease progression.ConclusionsProgressive dentate nucleus abnormalities are evident in vivo in Friedreich ataxia, and the rates of change of iron concentration and atrophy in these structures are sensitive to the disease stage. The findings are consistent with an increased rate of iron concentration and atrophy early in the disease, followed by iron accumulation and stable volume in later stages. This pattern suggests that iron dysregulation persists after loss of the vulnerable neurons in the dentate. The significant changes observed over a 2‐year period highlight the utility of quantitative susceptibility mapping as a longitudinal biomarker and staging tool. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society