bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of a giant panda population influenced by land cover
Authors: Zhang Yuke , Wu Yongjie , Zhang Qiongyue , Ran Jianghong , Price Megan 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe distribution of species and their causes are key questions for population ecology and conservation. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the Daxiangling Mountains, China are part of an isolated population on the edge of the species’ range and little is known regarding their distribution. Based on land cover, topography, human disturbance, and panda occurrence data in 2 national giant panda surveys, we used a species distribution model (i.e., MaxEnt) to simulate habitat distribution changes of the local panda population between 2001 and 2012. During this time the area of coniferous forest and broadleaf forest increased by 16.4% and 5.8%, respectively, whereas the shrub‐grass and agricultural land decreased by 45.1% and 4.0%, respectively. Panda habitat increased from 460.3 km2 in 2001 to 591.3 km2 in 2012. Panda distribution in the Daxiangling Mountains was primarily influenced by land cover, topography, and human activities. Our study demonstrates that habitat recovery in the Daxiangling Mountains created a favorable environment for the local panda population; thus, the boundary of panda reserves should be adjustable based on their use of the landscape. Future research should focus on dispersal and distribution of pandas to better understand their land use for effective conservation. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Radical Gastrectomy After Chemotherapy May Prolong Survival in Stage IV Gastric Cancer: A Korean Multi‐institutional Analysis
Authors: Seo Ho Seok , Song Kyo Young , Jung Yoon Ju , Park Seung Man , Jeon Hae Myung , Kim Wook , Chin Hyung Min , Kim Jin‐Jo , Kim Sung Keun , Chun Kyung Hwa , Kim Jeong Goo , Lee Jun Hyun , Lee Han Hong , Kim Dong Jin , Yoo Han Mo , Kim Chang Hyun , Kim Eun Young , Park Cho Hyun ,   the Catholic Gastric Cancer Study Group (CGCSG)
Published: May 2018

AbastractBackground
Despite the development of newer treatments, the prognosis for patients with stage IV gastric cancer remains grave. This study evaluated the efficacy of gastrectomy following response to chemotherapy in patients with stage IV gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 419 patients who were diagnosed with stage IV gastric cancer were identified from the multi‐institutional Catholic Gastric Cancer Study Group database. The patients were divided into four groups: 212 were in the chemotherapy only (CTx) group, 124 were in the chemotherapy after palliative gastrectomy (G‐CTx) group, 23 were in the radical gastrectomy after chemotherapy (CTx‐G) group, and 60 were in the best supportive care group. To compensate for the effects of chemotherapy, cases of chemotherapy responsive were analyzed separately. To identify factors affecting survival rates, cure rates for surgery in the surgery group were analyzed.ResultsThe 3‐year survival rate of the CTx‐G group was significantly higher than that of the CTx group (42.8 vs. 12.0%, p = 0.001). Moreover, the CTx‐G group’s 3‐year survival rate was greater than that of the G‐CTx group (42.8 vs. 37.1%, p = 0.207). Chemotherapy‐responsive patients in the CTx‐G group had a better 3‐year survival rate than those in the G‐CTx group (46.1 vs. 18.4%, respectively, p = 0.011). In the surgery group, R0 resection led to a significantly better 3‐year survival rate than palliative gastrectomy (61.1 vs. 16.2%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsAdjuvant surgery might improve the survival rate of patients with stage IV gastric cancer, particularly in R0 resection cases.
Splenic Cysts: A Strong Indication for a Minimally Invasive Partial Splenectomy. Could the Splenic Hilar Vasculature Type Hold a Defining Role?
Authors: Manciu Simona , Tudor Stefan , Vasilescu Catalin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is to assess the impact of the splenic hilar vasculature configuration on the amount of remnant splenic parenchyma volume after partial splenectomy for splenic cysts.MethodsThe data of all patients receiving a splenectomy for a splenic cyst from 2002 to 2016 at the Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation of Fundeni Clinical Institute were retrospectively reviewed. The size and location in the splenic parenchyma of the cyst and the splenic hilar vasculature type were assessed for each patient with a splenectomy.ResultsThirty‐one patients with non‐parasitic and 32 patients with hydatid cysts were recorded. In cases of centrally located cysts, a total splenectomy was performed for the majority of cases, while in peripheral cysts a spleen‐preserving surgery was feasible for most of the patients (p = 0.001). The size of the cyst was significantly higher in the group of patients with a total splenectomy, compared with the group with a partial splenectomy (p = 0.003). In the subgroup with a distributed arterial pattern, preservation of more than 50% of the initial parenchyma was achieved in a significantly higher proportion of patients, compared with the subgroup of patients with a magistral pattern (p = 0.012).ConclusionBesides cyst size or peripheral location in the splenic parenchyma, the vascular pattern is also considered another decisive factor that associates with successful conservative or minimally invasive approach.
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: a new approach to the treatment of Crohn's disease-associated perianal fistulae
Authors: Tavares Mónica Maria Ramos , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCrohn's disease has an ever-increasing prevalence and incidence, with about 20% of patients developing perianal fistula with significant impact on their quality of life.Despite the medical and surgical treatments currently used, Crohn's-related fistula treatment continues to pose a challenge due to the low rates of efficacy associated with high recurrence rates.Recent clinical trials have shown promising results regarding safety and efficacy of local treatment of this condition with the use of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Besides being pluripotent and poorly immunogenic, they have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, which combined, may accelerate healing.Our main objective is to summarize the clinical trials we found, highlighting the efficacy rates of this therapy and the main limitations we found in the analysis of the results.We conclude that, in perianal fistulas refractory to conventional therapies, the treatment with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cells is safe with promising results that may change the current paradigm of Crohn's related fistula treatment.
JUMP OPERATIONS FOR BOREL GRAPHS
Authors: DAY ADAM R. , MARKS ANDREW S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigate the class of bipartite Borel graphs organized by the order of Borel homomorphism. We show that this class is unbounded by finding a jump operator for Borel graphs analogous to a jump operator of Louveau for Borel equivalence relations. The proof relies on a nonseparation result for iterated Fréchet ideals and filters due to Debs and Saint Raymond. We give a new proof of this fact using effective descriptive set theory. We also investigate an analogue of the Friedman-Stanley jump for Borel graphs. This analogue does not yield a jump operator for bipartite Borel graphs. However, we use it to answer a question of Kechris and Marks by showing that there is a Borel graph with no Borel homomorphism to a locally countable Borel graph, but each of whose connected components has a countable Borel coloring.
A COMPUTABLE FUNCTOR FROM GRAPHS TO FIELDS
Authors: MILLER RUSSELL , POONEN BJORN , SCHOUTENS HANS , SHLAPENTOKH ALEXANDRA 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFried and Kollár constructed a fully faithful functor from the category of graphs to the category of fields. We give a new construction of such a functor and use it to resolve a longstanding open problem in computable model theory, by showing that for every nontrivial countable structure${\cal S}$, there exists a countable field${\cal F}$of arbitrary characteristic with the same essential computable-model-theoretic properties as${\cal S}$. Along the way, we develop a new “computable category theory”, and prove that our functor and its partially defined inverse (restricted to the categories of countable graphs and countable fields) are computable functors.
HIERARCHIES OF (VIRTUAL) RESURRECTION AXIOMS
Authors: FUCHS GUNTER 
Published: May 2018

AbstractI analyze the hierarchies of the bounded resurrection axioms and their “virtual” versions, the virtual bounded resurrection axioms, for several classes of forcings (the emphasis being on the subcomplete forcings). I analyze these axioms in terms of implications and consistency strengths. For the virtual hierarchies, I provide level-by-level equiconsistencies with an appropriate hierarchy of virtual partially super-extendible cardinals. I show that the boldface resurrection axioms for subcomplete or countably closed forcing imply the failure of Todorčević’s square at the appropriate level. I also establish connections between these hierarchies and the hierarchies of bounded and weak bounded forcing axioms.
Confocal Micro X-Ray Fluorescence: A New Paradigm in Materials Characterization
Authors: Patterson Brian M , Havrilla George J , DeFriend Kimberly A 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Micro x-ray fluorescence (MXRF) is a microscopic analysis and imaging technique that is used to characterize the elements in a material non-destructively. Micro XRF instruments use an x-ray source to shine x-rays on a sample, and a detector to detect the characteristic x-rays given off. These fluorescent x-rays have very specific energies corresponding to specific electron energy transitions. Therefore, it is possible to detect and identify all of the elements present in a sample (typically above sodium) as well as measure their concentrations. This technique is widely used for the characterization of materials including polymer and metallic foams, powder samples, forensics applications, geological samples, works of art and nuclear fuels. Commercial MXRF instruments use a fused silica optic (mono or polycapillary) to focus the x-rays on the sample with no optic on the detector (Figure 1a).
Responses of Hail and Storm Days to Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zou Tian , Zhang Qinghong , Li Wenhong , Li Jihong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is increasing concern that local severe storm occurrence may be changing as a result of climate change. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), one of the world's most sensitive areas to climate change, became significantly warmer during recent decades. Since 1960 (1980), storm (hail) days have been decreasing by 6.2%/decade (18.3%/decade) in the region. However, what caused the frequency changes of storm and hail in the TP is largely unknown. Based on 53‐year continuous weather records at 48 TP stations and reanalysis data, we show here for the first time that the consistent decline of storm days is strongly related to a drier midtroposphere since 1960. Further analysis demonstrated that fewer hail days are driven by an elevation of the melting level (thermodynamically) and a weaker wind shear (dynamically) in a warming climate. These results imply that less storm and hail may occur over TP when climate warms.
Differences in Vertical Structure of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation Associated With the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Hendon Harry H. , Abhik S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) during boreal winter is more active and propagates eastward farther into the western Pacific during the easterly phase of quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). Using atmospheric reanalyses for 1980–2012, we show that the MJO‐induced upper tropospheric positive temperature anomaly and overriding cold cap anomaly are stronger and more in‐phase with the equatorial MJO‐convective anomaly during the easterly phase of the QBO. These temperature anomalies combine to destabilize the upper troposphere more in‐phase with MJO convection, thus acting to promote stronger MJO convection during the easterly phase of the QBO especially eastward of the Maritime Continent. This enhanced destabilization is promoted by the negative temperature anomaly at the tropopause resulting from the QBO during its easterly phase. These findings can account for the enhanced strength and farther eastward propagation of the MJO during the easterly phase of the QBO, but await confirmation by theoretical and modeling studies that can isolate these effects.
Significant Underestimation in the Optically Based Estimation of the Aerosol First Indirect Effect Induced by the Aerosol Swelling Effect
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Li Zhanqing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAerosol optical quantities have been widely employed as the proxy variables of cloud condensation nuclei concentration to study aerosol indirect effects (AIE). Due to the aerosol swelling effect, cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol optical quantities do not vary in harmony, leading to a bias in the estimation of the AIE. To identify and quantify this artifact, we employ extensive measurements of aerosol and cloud properties made at four sites in different continents that have distinct aerosol properties in terms of size and composition. One‐unit enhancement in aerosol scattering coefficient by swelling effect is found to lead to a systematic underestimation of the first indirect effect (FIE) by about 23% that can result in an underestimation in the FIE‐related radiative forcing by several W/m2 depending on aerosol properties and relative humidity. This likely contributes significantly to the systematic difference between satellite‐based estimates of the FIE and those simulated by general circulation models. Recommendations are made to make more sound comparisons of the AIE estimated from observations and model simulations.
Observed NO/NO2 Ratios in the Upper Troposphere Imply Errors in NO‐NO2‐O3 Cycling Kinetics or an Unaccounted NOx Reservoir
Authors: Silvern R. F. , Jacob D. J. , Travis K. R. , Sherwen T. , Evans M. J. , Cohen R. C. , Laughner J. L. , Hall S. R. , Ullmann K. , Crounse J. D. , Wennberg P. O. , Peischl J. , Pollack I. B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObservations from the SEAC4RS aircraft campaign over the southeast United States in August–September 2013 show NO/NO2 concentration ratios in the upper troposphere that are approximately half of photochemical equilibrium values computed from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) kinetic data. One possible explanation is the presence of labile NOx reservoir species, presumably organic, decomposing thermally to NO2 in the instrument. The NO2 instrument corrects for this artifact from known labile HNO4 and CH3O2NO2 NOx reservoirs. To bridge the gap between measured and simulated NO2, additional unaccounted labile NOx reservoir species would have to be present at a mean concentration of ~40 ppt for the SEAC4RS conditions (compared with 197 ppt for NOx). An alternative explanation is error in the low‐temperature rate constant for the NO + O3 reaction (30% 1‐σ uncertainty in JPL at 240 K) and/or in the spectroscopic data for NO2 photolysis (20% 1‐σ uncertainty). Resolving this discrepancy is important for understanding global budgets of tropospheric oxidants and for interpreting satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns.
Global Virga Precipitation Distribution Derived From Three Spaceborne Radars and Its Contribution to the False Radiometer Precipitation Detection
Authors: Wang Yu , You Yalei , Kulie Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study first quantifies the virga precipitation occurrence percentage using three spaceborne radar observations, including Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (PR), Global Precipitation Measurement dual‐frequency PR (Ku‐band PR/Ka‐band PR [KuPR/KaPR]), and CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR). PR and KuPR/KaPR show that virga occurrence percentage is over 30% in arid regions (e.g., Sahara desert and deserts of Australia). CPR reveals similar virga geospatial distribution. However, the virga percentage based on CPR is about twice as large as that based on PR and KuPR/KaPR due to better detection sensitivity. Results also show that the majority of the virga clouds are altostratus and cirrus. Second, we investigate the virga precipitation contribution to the passive microwave radiometer false precipitation detection. Virga precipitation accounts for as much as 50% (30%) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager) false detection results in arid regions. The underlying reason is because precipitation detection over land primarily relies on the ice scattering signature, while virga and light precipitation (e.g., 1 mm/hr) have similar amounts of ice water path in arid regions.
Investigation of Nonlinear Output-Input Microwave Power of DMSO-Ethanol Mixture by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhou Min , Cheng Ke , Sun Haoran , Jia Guozhu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe nonlinear response of output-input microwave power for DMSO-ethanol mixture, which was exhibited as the direct evidence of non-thermal effect in experiment, was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. Effects of microwave field on the mixture were evaluated from the alteration in structure, transport, hydrogen bonding dynamics and intermolecular interaction energy. Increasing the strength of the microwave field did not lead to any markedly conformational change, but decrease the diffusion coefficient. Prolonged hydrogen bonding lifetimes, which caused by the redistribution of microwave energy, was also detected. Distinct threshold effect was observed, which was consistent with the behavior in the experiment.
A non-invasive modifiable Healthy Ageing Nutrition Index (HANI) predicts longevity in free-living older Taiwanese
Authors: Huang Yi-Chen , Wahlqvist Mark L. , Lo Yuan-Ting C. , Lin Chin , Chang Hsing-Yi , Lee Meei-Shyuan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNutritional factors contributing to disability and mortality are modifiable in later life. Indices would add utility. We developed a gender-specific Healthy Ageing Nutrition Index (HANI) for all-cause mortality in free-living elderly. We stratified 1898 participants aged ≥65 y from the 1999–2000 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan by region and randomly allocated them into development and validation sets. Linkage to the National Death Registry database until December 31, 2008 enabled mortality prediction using Cox proportional-hazards models. Four factors (appetite, eating with others, dietary diversity score, and BMI) with best total of 25 HANI points for men; and 3 factors (cooking frequency, dietary diversity score, and BMI) with best total of 27 HANI points for women, were developed. In the validation set, the highest HANI group exhibited a greater intake of plant-derived food and associated nutrients, a favourable quality of life, and more muscle mass, compared with the lowest group. The highest HANI group predicts mortality risk lower by 44 percent in men and 61 percent in women. Adjusted mortality HRs were comparable between sets. HANI is a simple, non-invasive, inexpensive, and potentially modifiable tool for nutrition monitoring and survival prediction for older adults, superior to its individual components.
Simulating reading acquisition: The link between reading outcome and multimodal brain signatures of letter–speech sound learning in prereaders
Authors: Karipidis Iliana I. , Pleisch Georgette , Brandeis Daniel , Roth Alexander , Röthlisberger Martina , Schneebeli Maya , Walitza Susanne , Brem Silvia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring reading acquisition, neural reorganization of the human brain facilitates the integration of letters and speech sounds, which enables successful reading. Neuroimaging and behavioural studies have established that impaired audiovisual integration of letters and speech sounds is a core deficit in individuals with developmental dyslexia. This longitudinal study aimed to identify neural and behavioural markers of audiovisual integration that are related to future reading fluency. We simulated the first step of reading acquisition by performing artificial-letter training with prereading children at risk for dyslexia. Multiple logistic regressions revealed that our training provides new precursors of reading fluency at the beginning of reading acquisition. In addition, an event-related potential around 400 ms and functional magnetic resonance imaging activation patterns in the left planum temporale to audiovisual correspondences improved cross-validated prediction of future poor readers. Finally, an exploratory analysis combining simultaneously acquired electroencephalography and hemodynamic data suggested that modulation of temporoparietal brain regions depended on future reading skills. The multimodal approach demonstrates neural adaptations to audiovisual integration in the developing brain that are related to reading outcome. Despite potential limitations arising from the restricted sample size, our results may have promising implications both for identifying poor-reading children and for monitoring early interventions.
Whole genome sequencing in the search for genes associated with the control of SIV infection in the Mauritian macaque model
Authors: de Manuel Marc , Shiina Takashi , Suzuki Shingo , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Garchon Henri-Jean , Tanaka Masayuki , Congy-Jolivet Nicolas , Aarnink Alice , Le Grand Roger , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Blancher Antoine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the Mauritian macaque experimentally inoculated with SIV, gene polymorphisms potentially associated with the plasma virus load at a set point, approximately 100 days post inoculation, were investigated. Among the 42 animals inoculated with 50 AID50 of the same strain of SIV, none of which received any preventive or curative treatment, nine individuals were selected: three with a plasma virus load (PVL) among the lowest, three with intermediate PVL values and three among the highest PVL values. The complete genomes of these nine animals were then analyzed. Initially, attention was focused on variants with a potential functional impact on protein encoding genes (non-synonymous SNPs (NS-SNPs) and splicing variants). Thus, 424 NS-SNPs possibly associated with PVL were detected. The 424 candidates SNPs were genotyped in these 42 SIV experimentally infected animals (including the nine animals subjected to whole genome sequencing). The genes containing variants most probably associated with PVL at a set time point are analyzed herein.
Assessing the Zoantharian Diversity of the Tropical Eastern Pacific through an Integrative Approach
Authors: Jaramillo Karla B. , Reverter Miriam , Guillen Paul O. , McCormack Grace , Rodriguez Jenny , Sinniger Frédéric , Thomas Olivier P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractZoantharians represent a group of marine invertebrates widely distributed from shallow waters to the deep sea. Despite a high diversity and abundance in the rocky reefs of the Pacific Ocean, very few studies have been reported on the diversity of this group in the Tropical Eastern Pacific coasts. While molecular techniques recently clarified some taxonomic relationships within the order, the taxonomy of zoantharians is still highly challenging due to a lack of clear morphological characters and confusing use of different data in previous studies. Our first insight into the zoantharian diversity at El Pelado Marine Protected Area - Ecuador led to the identification of six species: Terrazoanthus patagonichus; Terrazoanthus sp.; Antipathozoanthus hickmani; Parazoanthus darwini; Zoanthus cf. pulchellus; and Zoanthus cf. sociatus. A metabolomic approach using UHPLC-HRMS was proven to be very efficient as a complementary tool in the systematics of these species and specialized metabolites of the ecdysteroid and alkaloid families were identified as key biomarkers for interspecific discrimination. These results show good promise for an application of this integrative approach to other zoantharians.