bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between cigarette smoking and diabetes mellitus using two different smoking stratifications in 145 040 Korean individuals: Self‐reported questionnaire and urine cotinine concentrations
Authors: Kim Ji Hye , Kim Byung Jin , Kang Jung Gyu , Kim Bum Soo , Kang Jin Ho 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAlthough previous studies have assessed the relationship between smoking and diabetes using self‐reported questionnaires, interpretations may be limited by an underestimation of the actual smoking population. This study evaluated the relationship between smoking and diabetes using both self‐reported questionnaires and urine cotinine concentrations.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study enrolled 145 040 Koreans in Kangbuk Samsung Health and Cohort Studies between 2011 and 2013. Urinary cotinine was measured after a 10‐hour smoking‐free period. Cotinine‐verified current smoking was defined as a urinary cotinine concentrations ≥50 ng/mL.ResultsOverall diabetes prevalence in self‐reported (4.5% vs 1.6%) and cotinine‐verified (4.4% vs 2.1%) current smokers was higher than in self‐reported and cotinine‐verified never smokers. Multivariate regression analysis showed that cotinine‐verified current smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13‐1.38), self‐reported former smoking (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01‐1.33) and current smoking (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.17‐1.50) were associated with increased diabetes compared with cotinine‐verified and self‐reported never smoking. Unobserved smoking (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.20, 2.66) also increased the odds for diabetes. There were no significant sex interactions in the analyses.ConclusionsThis study shows that self‐reported former and current smoking, cotinine‐verified current smoking, and unobserved smoking (i.e. self‐reported never smoking with urine cotinine >50 ng/mL) are all associated with increased diabetes prevalence. These findings suggest that cotinine could provide additional information when assessing cardiometabolic risks, such as diabetes.
Cognitive functioning and treatment outcomes in a randomized controlled trial of internet‐delivered drug and alcohol treatment
Authors: Shulman Matisyahu , Campbell Aimee , Pavlicova Martina , Hu Mei‐Chen , Aharonovich Efrat , Nunes Edward V. 
Published: August 2018

Background and ObjectivesSubstance use disorders are associated with lower cognitive functioning, and this impairment is associated with poorer outcomes. The Therapeutic Education System (TES) is an internet‐based psychosocial intervention for substance use disorders that may provide enhanced treatment for individuals with cognitive deficits. This secondary analysis investigates the association between cognitive functioning and treatment outcomes in a large (N = 507) randomized controlled effectiveness trial of TES compared to treatment‐as‐usual conducted within outpatient programs in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.MethodsAll participants completed a computer‐based cognitive assessment (Microcog™ short version) at baseline. Scores on subtests of attention, reasoning, and spatial perception were tested as moderators of the treatment effect on abstinence and retention at the end of the 12‐week treatment phase using mixed effects logistic regression.ResultsCognitive functioning was not found to be a moderator of treatment on abstinence or retention. Post‐hoc analysis of the main effect of cognitive functioning on retention and abstinence found impaired reasoning and cognitive flexibility were associated with lower retention. There were no other main effects of cognitive functioning on retention or abstinence.ConclusionsThe benefit of internet delivered treatment over standard care was unchanged across a range of cognitive functioning. Consistent with previous research, mild to moderate impairment in reasoning and cognitive flexibility were associated with lower retention across both treatment arms.Scientific SignificanceAn internet‐delivered cognitive behavioral intervention for substance use disorders, TES, is equally effective across a spectrum of cognitive functioning among diverse patients. (Am J Addict 2018;27:509–515)
Dietary patterns and respiratory health in adults from nine European countries—Evidence from the GA2LEN study
Authors: Bakolis Ioannis , Hooper Richard , Bachert Claus , Lange Bibi , Haahtela Tari , Keil Thomas , Hofmaier Stephanie , Fokkens Wytske , Rymarczyk Barbara , Janson Christer , Burney Peter GJ , Garcia‐Larsen Vanessa 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundDietary patterns defined using principal component analysis (PCA) offer an alternative to the analysis of individual foods and nutrients and have been linked with asthma and allergic disease. However, results have not been reproducible in different settings.ObjectiveTo identify dietary patterns common to different European countries and examine their associations with asthma and allergic symptoms.MethodsIn sixteen study centers in nine European countries, 3206 individuals aged 15‐77 years completed a common, internationally validated, food frequency questionnaire and a respiratory symptoms questionnaire. The outcomes of interest were current asthma, asthma symptoms score (derived based on responses to 5 asthma symptom‐related questions), atopy (positive skin prick test). Spirometry was used to estimate forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the FEV1/FVC, spirometric restriction (FVC below the lower limit of normal (<LLN)) and FEV1/FVC < LLN. A novel meta‐analytic approach was used to identify dietary patterns using PCA and to examine associations with asthma and allergic symptoms.ResultsTwo dietary patterns emerged, generally correlating with the same foods in different countries: one associated with intake of animal proteins and carbohydrates; the other with fruit and vegetables. There was evidence that the former pattern was associated with a higher asthma score (RR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.33‐2.01), current asthma (RR 2.03, 95% CI: 1.52‐2.71), wheeze (RR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.30‐2.60), atopic status (RR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16‐2.44) and with decreased lung function, including an FVC <LLN (RR 4.57, 95% CI: 2.27‐9.21).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur findings suggest an increase in sensitisation to common allergens, an increase in asthma symptoms, and a reduction in lung function in those eating a diet rich in animal proteins and carbohydrates. We found little evidence of an association between these outcomes and eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Ten‐year changes of intraocular pressure in adults: the Liwan Eye Study
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Zhao Haifeng , Wu Changfan , Liu Chi , Yan William , Hu Yin , He Mingguang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImportanceUnderstanding the longitudinal intraocular pressure (IOP) changes and potential risk factors in adults is important for future glaucoma control in the aging society.BackgroundLimited longitudinal studies exist in Asia investigating the longitudinal IOP changes and with varying results.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.Participants1405 baseline participants from the Liwan Eye Study.MethodsAll baseline participants were invited for the 10‐year follow‐up examination in 2013. IOP (by Tonopen), central corneal thickness (CCT; by ultrasound), refractive error (by autorefractor), blood pressure, height and weight were measured per standardized protocol and the presence of hypertension or diabetes was collected by questionnaire. Follow‐up examinations were conducted using the same equipment with proper calibration. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between IOP change and potential risk factors.Main Outcome Measures10‐year IOP change.ResultsOf the 791 participants at the 10‐year follow‐up, IOP data were available for 602 participants with a mean age of 60.9 years (55.5% female). The average IOP change over 10 years was an increase of 1.44 mmHg (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.75). Linear regression showed that 10‐year IOP change was not associated with baseline age, gender, body mass index (BMI), CCT, spherical equivalence (SE), hypertension or diabetes. However, it was positively associated with longitudinal increase of BMI when longitudinal changes of BMI and SE were included in the model (P < 0.001).Conclusions and RelevanceWe observed a small increase in IOP over 10 years in this adult Chinese population, which was positively related to the longitudinal change in BMI.
Identifying important species that amplify or mitigate the interactive effects of human impacts on marine food webs
Authors: Griffith Gary P. , Strutton Peter G. , Semmens Jayson M. , Fulton Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSome species may have a larger role than others in the transfer of complex effects of multiple human stressors, such as changes in biomass, through marine food webs. We devised a novel approach to identify such species. We constructed annual interaction‐effect networks (IENs) of the simulated changes in biomass between species of the southeastern Australian marine system. Each annual IEN was composed of the species linked by either an additive (sum of the individual stressor response), synergistic (lower biomass compared with additive effects), or antagonistic (greater biomass compared with additive effects) response to the interaction effect of ocean warming, ocean acidification, and fisheries. Structurally, over the simulation period, the number of species and links in the synergistic IENs increased and the network structure became more stable. The stability of the antagonistic IENs decreased and became more vulnerable to the loss of species. In contrast, there was no change in the structural attributes of species linked by an additive response. Using indices common in food‐web and network theory, we identified the species in each IEN for which a change in biomass from stressor effects would disproportionately affect the biomass of other species via direct and indirect local, intermediate, and global predator–prey feeding interactions. Knowing the species that transfer the most synergistic or antagonistic responses in a food‐web may inform conservation under increasing multiple‐stressor impacts.
New piperidine derivative DTPEP acts as dual‐acting anti‐breast cancer agent by targeting ERα and downregulating PI3K/Akt‐PKCα leading to caspase‐dependent apoptosis
Authors: Arun A. , Ansari M.I. , Popli P. , Jaiswal S. , Mishra A.K. , Dwivedi A. , Hajela K. , Konwar R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn our ongoing studies to develop ER targeting agents, we screened for dual‐acting molecules with a hypothesis that a single molecule can also target both ER positive and negative groups of breast cancer.Materials and methods1‐(2‐(4‐(Dibenzo[b,f]thiepin‐10‐yl)phenoxy)ethyl)piperidine (DTPEP) was synthesized and screened in both MCF‐7 (ER+ve) and MDA‐MB‐231 (ER‐ve) cells. Assays for analysis of cell cycle, ROS, apoptosis and MMP loss were carried out using flow cytometry. Its target was investigated using western blot, transactivation assay and RT‐PCR. In vivo efficacy of DTPEP was validated in LA‐7 syngeneic rat mammary tumour model.ResultsHere, we report identification of dual‐acting molecule DTPEP that downregualtes PI3K/Akt and PKCα expression, induces ROS and ROS‐dependent apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, induces expression of caspase indicative of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In MCF‐7 cells, DTPEP downregulates ERα expression and activation. In MDA‐MB‐231 cells, primary cellular target of DTPEP is not clearly known, but it downregualtes PI3K/Akt and PKCα expression. In vivo study showed regression of LA‐7 syngeneic mammary tumour in SD rat.ConclusionsWe identified a new dual‐acting anti‐breast cancer molecules as a proof of concept which is capable of targeting both ER‐positive and ER‐negative breast cancer.
Prolyl hydroxylases positively regulated LPS‐induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts via TLR4/MyD88‐mediated AKT/NF‐κB and MAPK pathways
Authors: Shang Lingling , Wang Ting , Tong Dongdong , Kang Wenyan , Liang Qianyu , Ge Shaohua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesProlyl hydroxylases (PHDs) play essential roles in oxygen‐sensing system, whereas the effects of PHDs on inflammation have not been totally uncovered. Our study aimed to investigate the role of PHDs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and clarify the potential mechanisms.Materials and methodsA pan hydroxylase inhibitor, dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG), and RNA interference were used to explore the role of PHDs in inflammation. Cytotoxic effect of DMOG was determined by cell‐counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry respectively. The secretion levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 were assessed by ELISA. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 and MyD88 were evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR. The activation of NF‐κB, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT pathways were detected by western blot and the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 was examined by immunofluorescence. Downregulation of PHD1 and PHD2 was performed with siRNA transfection.ResultsDimethyloxallyl glycine inhibited LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine, TLR4 and MyD88 expression in gene level and the elevated secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐8 was also downregulated. Additionally, LPS‐induced activation of NF‐κB, MAPK and AKT pathways was abolished by DMOG treatment. Importantly, LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression was merely suppressed by PHD2 knockdown.ConclusionsProlyl hydroxylases acted as a positive regulator in LPS‐induced inflammation of HGFs via TLR4/MyD88‐mediated NF‐κB, MAPK and AKT signalling pathways and PHD2 among three isoforms was principally responsible for the effects.
Information‐seeking and use of information resources among melanoma patients of German skin cancer centers
Authors: Brütting Julia , Bergmann Maike , Garzarolli Marlene , Rauschenberg Ricarda , Weber Christiane , Berking Carola , Tilgen Wolfgang , Schadendorf Dirk , Meier Friedegund ,   on behalf of the NVKH supporting group
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the information‐seeking behavior (ISB) of melanoma patients (MPs) and MP subgroups, in order to provide data for needs‐based adaptation of information provision.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional survey in 27 German skin cancer centers, we explored characteristics of the ISB of MPs with the aid of a standardized questionnaire. Sub­group differences were determined with the chi‐squared test and predictors of media preferences with logistic regression.Results67 % of the 529 participating MPs had clinical stage III or IV melanoma. Most of the participants (81 %) reported medical consultations as their regularly or frequently used information resource (IR). 58 % wished to have more advice about IRs from their physician. Only 8 % of MPs used the services of self‐help groups and 12 % of MPs took advantage of the services of cancer counseling centers. The internet (63 %) and booklets (58 %) were reported to be the preferred media. Age, educational level, general need for information and lack of awareness of their own condition proved to be predictors for media preferences.ConclusionsMost MPs expected their physician to advise them about IRs they could use in addition to medical consultations. Peer support services were quite underused by MPs. The various preferences of media by MPs should be considered when deve­loping and providing IRs.
A Portfolio Approach to Supply Chain Risk Management
Authors: Kumar Ram L. , Park Sungjune 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTModern supply chains serve as a critical infrastructure that help create organizational value. This infrastructure is often subject to a high degree of risk due to a variety of factors, and supply chain risk management is an active research area. While extant literature has identified several risk factors and approaches to managing risks in supply chains, there is need for a more integrated approach. Prior research has recognized some relationships between risk management strategies and risk. However, there is scope for additional analysis, understanding, and integration of the relationships between risks, risk management strategies and supply chain value. This article considers a variety of relationships between supply chain risks, risk management strategies, and supply chain value in an integrated manner. It proposes a measure of supply chain value based on finance theory and analyzes its relationship with risks and risk management strategies. It develops an analytical model to understand the above‐mentioned relationships, proposes a measure of synergy associated with a portfolio of risk management strategies, and develops a more general simulation model to analyze the value of such a portfolio. The simulation model can be used to understand the value of individual supply chain risk management portfolio components, as well as to compare alternate portfolios of risk management strategies.
European perspectives on big data applied to health: The case of biobanks and human databases
Authors: de Lecuona Itziar , Villalobos‐Quesada María 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe paradigm shift to a knowledge‐based economy has incremented the use of personal information applied to health‐related activities, such as biomedical research, innovation, and commercial initiatives. The convergence of science, technology, communication and data technologies has given rise to the application of big data to health; for example through eHealth, human databases and biobanks.MethodsIn light of these changes, we enquire about the value of personal data and its appropriate use. In order to illustrate the complex ground on which big data applied to health develops, we analyse the current situation of the European Union and two cases: the Catalan VISC+/PADRIS and the UK Biobank, as perspectives.Discussion and conclusionsPersonal health‐related data in the context of the European Union is being increasingly used for big data projects under diverse schemes. There, public and private sectors participate distinctively or jointly, pursuing very different goals which may conflict with individual rights, notably privacy.Given that, this paper advocates for stopping the unjustified accumulation and commercialisation of personal data, protecting the interests of citizens and building appropriate frameworks to govern big data projects for health. A core tool for achieving such goals is to develop consent mechanisms which allow truly informed but adaptable consent, conjugated with the engagement of donors, participants and society.
Association of albumin and cholesterol levels with incidence of hypoglycaemia in people admitted to general internal medicine units
Authors: Leibovitz E. , Wainstein J. , Boaz M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo study the association between serum albumin and cholesterol levels at hospital admission and incident hypoglycaemia among people admitted to internal medicine units.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional analysis, we examined the electronic medical records of people hospitalized in internal medicine departments. Data extracted included all glucose measurements as well as serum albumin and cholesterol, which were measured upon admission. A hypoglycaemia event was recorded for a given person if at least one glucose measurement of ≤ 3.9 mmol/l was recorded during the hospital stay. Regression analysis was used to determine which clinical measures predict hypoglycaemia.ResultsDuring the acquisition period, 45 224 people (mean age 68.9 ± 17.8 years, 49.4% male, 21.1% diabetes mellitus) were discharged from internal medicine units. Hypoglycaemia was documented in 7.5% of these individuals (15.4% of people with diabetes vs. 5.5% of those without; P < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that both serum albumin [odds ratio (OR) 0.908, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.896–0.919; P < 0.001) and cholesterol (OR 0.938, 95% CI 0.896–0.981; P = 0.005] were significantly associated with incident hypoglycaemia. Results remained significant even after controlling for age, sex, average glucose during hospitalization, length of hospital stay, acute infection upon admission, diabetes status, haemoglobin, white blood cell count and C‐reactive levels.A combination of hypoalbuminaemia (< 35 g/l) and hypocholesterolaemia (< 3.37 mmol/l) upon admission greatly increased the risk of incident hypoglycaemia (OR 2.544, 95% CI 2.096–3.088; P < 0.001).ConclusionHypoalbuminaemia and hypocholesterolaemia predict incident hypoglycaemia in the hospital setting among people with and without diabetes mellitus.
Risk of heart failure in a population with type 2 diabetes versus a population without diabetes with and without coronary heart disease
Authors: Chen Hua‐Fen , Ho Ching‐An , Li Chung‐Yi 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo conduct a population‐based study comparing age‐ and sex‐specific risk estimates of heart failure (HF) between people with type 2 diabetes and people without diabetes, and to investigate the risks of HF in association with type 2 diabetes in people with various coronary heart diseases (CHDs).Materials and methodsWe used a nationally representative sample (one million people) selected from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) system. A total of 34 291 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified from ambulatory care claims in 2000, and the same number of age‐ and sex‐matched controls were randomly selected from the registry of NHI beneficiaries in the same year. All study subjects were linked to inpatient claims (2000‐2013) to identify the possible admissions for HF. Using a Cox proportional hazard regression model, we compared the relative hazards of HF in relation to type 2 diabetes according to various age and sex stratifications. We also compared the relative hazard of HF between type 2 diabetes and controls, with and without histories of various CHDs and coronary revascularization procedures.ResultsCompared with absence of diabetes (control group), type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with an increased hazard of HF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40‐1.54]. In both sexes, those with type 2 diabetes aged <45 years had the highest increased hazard of HF, with an aHR of 2.54 (95% CI 1.62‐3.98) and 4.12 (95% CI 2.35‐7.23) for men and women, respectively. Compared with the control subjects without any CHD, people with type 2 diabetes without prior CHD had increased hazards of HF (aHR 1.54, 95% CI 1.41‐1.68, in men and aHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.43‐1.71, in women), which were similar to the aHRs for people without diabetes who had histories of heart diseases (aHR 1.60 and 1.55 for men and women, respectively).ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus may increase the risk of HF in both men and women, as well as in all age groups, especially in young people. People with type 2 diabetes without CHD had a similarly increased risk of HF to that of control subjects with CHD. Certain coronary revascularization procedures and CHDs, including percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography, coronary artery bypass surgery and acute myocardial infarction, were found to greatly increase risk of HF in people with type 2 diabetes.