bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pernambuco
Authors: Tarlau Rebecca 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 analyzes the MST’s attempt to transform public schools in the state of Pernambuco, beginning in the late 1990s after the movement already developed a national pedagogical proposal. This chapter argues that regime type is not as important in the context of states with low levels of capacity for implementing policy goals. In the first case of Santa Maria da Boa Vista, the MST’s increasing capacity for educational governance convinced multiple clientelistic regimes that it was worthwhile to collaborate with the movement. In addition, activists’ ability to garner the consent of municipal public school teachers pushed forward the movement’s educational program. The second case of Água Preta shows that the MST’s own movement infrastructure is a major factor that determines social movement outcomes. In this case, while the same political opportunities are open in Água Preta as in Santa Maria da Boa Vista, the internal divides within the settlements in Água Preta prevent local leadership development and thus hamstring activists’ ability to participate in the public schools.
1918: An Insurgent Constitution
Authors: Tomba Massimiliano 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The fourth chapter analyzes the alternative routes of modernization that were encapsulated in the Russian revolutionary streams of 1917–18. From the perspective of modern Western constitutionalism, the first Russian Constitution contained numerous anomalies that, strictly speaking, make it difficult to define the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic as a state in the modern sense of the term. Among these anomalies was the dismantling of the national state through a universal distribution of power by the local soviets; the anticolonial and antinational pronouncement for a new conception of citizenship, which in the first Russian constitution could be conferred upon foreign workers by any local soviets; and an alternative practice of property relations, which was rooted in the traditional communal possession of land—different from both private and collective state property. This chapter analyzes these anomalies as innovative political institutions, which are part of the legacy of insurgent universality.
In Search of Redemption
Authors: Silva Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The coal region, like other rural areas across the United States, is a new destination for racial and ethnic minorities in search of jobs, safety, and affordable housing. This collision of race and place opens up the possibility of new kinds of selves, relationships, and politics. This chapter uncovers conflicts over the meaning of place that divide the longtime white working-class residents from the newcomers. Black and Latino men critique poverty and racism with a sharp, unforgiving clarity. Recasting the coal region as a place where their own shameful pasts can become their children’s bright futures, they magnify the positive effects of pain in their lives and stake a claim to social inclusion and self-worth based on hard work and tenacity. Even though they assume control over their own futures, these men speak of a malevolent “they” making political decisions beyond their control, leaving their powerful political critiques unspoken.
Something We Never Had
Authors: Silva Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The black and Latina women who migrate to the coal region leave behind traumatic histories—stories of early childhood abuse and neglect, poverty, extreme neighborhood violence, and drug abuse. Upon arrival, these women face accusations that they are unfit mothers, have poor work ethics, and are undeserving of government aid. They nonetheless fight to get a fleeting shot at opportunities for their children that they themselves never had. These women encounter multiple predatory institutions waiting to take advantage of their optimism. Through small, everyday acts of civic engagement, they hold the police, their neighbors, local businesses, and schools accountable for their loved ones’ futures. Living a life of emotional turmoil, relationship flux, racial hostility, and poverty, however, leaves these women emotionally raw, deeply distrustful, and physically depleted. They can devote themselves only to their immediate kinship circles, determined to heal themselves on their own.
Genes as a Source of Risk for Mental Disorders
Authors: Zandi Peter P. , Wilcox Holly C. , Lin Yian , Maher Brion , Fallin M. Daniele 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the concept of genetics and disease and includes review of more than 200 family, twin, and adoption studies for six important mental and behavioral disorders. The heritability estimates range from 30% for depressive disorder to as high as 80% for schizophrenia. Genome-wide association and sequencing studies are beginning to identify genetic risk variants associated with these disorders, but a large proportion of the genetic contribution remains unexplained. Major challenges in genetic studies include defining and agreeing on the phenotype that should be the subject of the study and the apparent complexity of the genetic etiology. In the near future, as larger samples with more detailed phenotype information are studied, a clear picture of the underlying genetic architecture of mental and behavioral disorders will emerge.
Adapting to Crisis
Authors: Storr Carla L. , Lakin Daniel , Tol Wietse A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Crises are all too common, as each year, billions of people across the globe are exposed to potentially traumatic events. This chapter primarily describes crisis responses from a US-focused perspective grounded in classifications of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), but the chapter is linked to resources from international settings, because culture and context play an important role in shaping the expression and trajectories of psychological distress. A range of potential reactions to crises and the extent and magnitude of health needs of those exposed to potentially traumatic events is provided. The chapter includes a brief discussion about resilience and some of the factors that either increase or decrease the risk for mental disorders following trauma. It concludes with a selective review of interventions found to be of help both in the immediate aftermath of a potentially traumatic event and in the weeks following.
Mental Health and the Law
Authors: Agus Deborah , Schneider Kristin E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The law lays the framework for all government systems, and public health is no exception. Understanding the legal framework of the United States is essential to designing a functional and legitimate behavioral health service system. The unique structure of US law, which is a constitutional system balanced by statutes and which is federalist in principle, creates both opportunities and challenges to a public health system that similarly strives to balance individual needs and rights with the health and needs of the community. The chapter explains how law is developed and delves into current legal issues that are understood through the lens of a permanent legal structure as interpreted over time. The chapter begins with an explanation of the legal system and legal methods and then explores issues related to individual rights and concerns such as dangerousness, right to treatment, coercive treatment, and the individual rights of choice. When finished, the reader will have a comprehensive outlook providing a tool to analyze issues that are current and dynamic.
American Mental Health Services after the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Manderscheid Ronald W. , Green Victoria R. , Everett Anita , Leaf Philip J. , Barry Colleen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines American mental health services after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Diagnostic characteristics, health insurance coverage, and service use are analyzed for a synthetic sample of 100 adults pre and post ACA. Results document that an increased number of persons with mental illness had insurance coverage and service accessibility post ACA. The availability of service facilities and their use levels also are examined post ACA. A detailed national revenue and expenditure picture for mental health post ACA is derived from the National Health Accounts. Finally, the criminal justice sector is considered as an emerging site for service delivery.
Street-Level Birth Control and Mutual Noncompliance
Authors: Kennedy John James , Shi Yaojiang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Contradictions between central policy goals and local interests can be resolved through cadres’ mediation at the village level. Village leaders act as mediators between central policy directives and rural residents. This compromise is attributable to the level of autonomy that village cadres enjoy, which affords them some discretion in the implementation of policies and regulations. The theory of the street-level bureaucrat explains how local cadres, at both the village and town levels, from the 1980s to the early 2000s, were able to use underreporting of out-of-plan births to mediate the conflicts between central policy goals and local interests. Underreporting goes beyond selective policy implementation and is a result of mutual noncompliance between villagers and cadres. One of the long-term implications of current changes in demographics is that as more rural residents permanently migrate to urban areas, the village community structure that allowed cadres to mediate between central policy and local interests may be disappearing.
Anonymity as Outsider Tactic
Authors: Maxwell Lida 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The chapter examines the promise of anonymity, and especially Chelsea Manning’s attempted anonymity, as an outsider tactic. Anonymous leaking is typically depicted as a problem for democracy because it hinders the demos from judging an individual’s motives and truthfulness. However, the chapter argues, through discussion of Virginia Woolf’s and Bayard Rustin’s examples, that outsiders’ refusal to identify themselves in public or private terms can also signal the failure of those terms to capture the significance of outsider speech and identity. The chapter suggests that outsider anonymity also creates counter-archives and repertoires in which outsiders may find their significance better illuminated. Read in this way, Manning’s anonymity—which she explains as necessary so that her picture will not be plastered everywhere “as a boy”—should be read as a marker of the insufficiency of public categories for capturing her experience, identity, and act.
Centripetal Function
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter proposes a new understanding of prehistoric art and aesthetic function. The theory of kinesthetic function is defined by three interrelated features, which are defined in this chapter. Once these features are laid out, we will then be in a better place to see how this kinesthetic field concretely emerged in the dominant arts and images of the prehistoric period. Thus, the functional field is defined first and foremost by the continuous flow of matter from the periphery toward a center. The kinetic foundations of all aesthetic fields lie in a functional materialism. There is no separate or immaterial aesthetic conciseness that can cut itself off from its material co-functionality with matter.
Centrifugal Form
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that aesthetic form emerges from matter in motion. Form is not different in kind than matter and function; it is different only in kinetic distribution or regime. The form of something is always a circulation of motion, but in a specific pattern. Form is not a geometric essence, like a circle or an empirical object like a round plate, but, rather, a material kinetic process of rounding or roundness. The form or shape of images and our ideas of images are both made possible by the continuous circulation of matter into a specific form or pattern, again and again. All things are kinomorphic, but when a fixed pattern is used as a model that forces all other flows into a single set of kinetic relations, there is a kind of formalism or dominance of form over kinetic formation. This is what occurred in the ancient world.
The Ancient Image, II
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter continues the thesis presented in Chapter 7, in demonstrating that a kinesthetic shift occurs in the arts from a centripetal to a more centrifugal pattern of motion over the course of the ancient period. In Chapter 7, we looked closely at this centrifugal pattern in the formal arts of written verse, tragedy, and metallurgy. In this chapter, we demonstrate the dominance of the same kinetic pattern in the arts of architecture, music, and medicine. The argument of this chapter is that each of these major fields is defined predominately by a distinctly centrifugal pattern of motion and a formal aesthetics. The argument is that the origin of form is not eternal or immaterial but rather in the kinetic structure of matter itself.
The Medieval Image, I
Authors: Nail Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 10 presents a realist aesthetics (versus constructivist) and a kinetic materialism (versus formal idealism) that focuses on the material kinetic structure of the work of art itself, inclusive of milieu and viewer. What the author calls “kinesthetics” is a return to the works of art themselves as fields of images, affects, and sensations. The chapter more specifically offers a focused study of the material kinetic conditions of the dominant aesthetic field of relation during the Middle Ages. The argument here and in the next chapter is that during the Middle Ages, the aesthetic field is defined by a tensional and relational regime of motion. This idea is supported by looking closely at three major arts of the Middle Ages: glassworks, the church, and distillation. The next chapter likewise considers perspective, the keyboard, and epistolography.
Signs, Wonders, and Gifts
Authors: Eyl Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Signs, Wonders, and Gifts: Divination in the Letters of Paul examines the divinatory and wonderworking practices of the apostle Paul, and contextualizes such practices in the wider Mediterranean world of the first century. Paul’s consistent references to signs, wonders, visions, miracles, divine healings, speaking in tongues, and others, reflect ancient categories that Greek speakers called mantikē, goēteia, teratoskopia, and mageia. Such frequent references demonstrate that his teachings comprised divinatory practices as much as they consisted of messages regarding the resurrected Christ, ethical teachings derived from Hellenistic philosophy, and exegesis of the Septuagint. Furthermore, the book situates such practices within a framework of reciprocity that dominated human–divine relationships. Insofar as Paul extends miraculous abilities to his gentile followers, such abilities come in proportion to their pistis, or faithfulness. Not only has a deep analysis of Paul’s divinatory practices been a lacuna in New Testament scholarship, scholars have also frequently dismissed the notion that Paul participates in the kind of human–divine reciprocity that is characteristic of ancient religiosity. This book offers a corrective to both shortcomings in the study of Christian origins.
Introduction
Authors: Eyl Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Introduction introduces the central argument of the book: Paul’s practices of divination and wonderworking are easily and naturally contextualized within his ancient Mediterranean milieu. This milieu includes widespread practical understandings of the gods’ interest in human affairs, the human ability to discern divine messages, the human ability to channel divine power, and reciprocity as a central feature of the human–divine dynamic. The chapter provides a visual chart that offers a clarifying taxonomy for these divinatory–wonderworking practices. The chapter then provides a brief synopsis of each forthcoming chapter. Finally, the Introduction explains to the reader some basic choices in terminology employed throughout the book.
Discursive Claims to Divine Authority
Authors: Eyl Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 considers Paul’s numerous claims to be a handpicked mediator between God and the world of gentiles—a claim that further legitimized his divinatory and wonderworking expertise. Such claims are contextualized within widespread rhetorical practices of divine authorization, seen in the LXX and in numerous Greek and Latin texts and inscriptions. Furthermore, the chapter highlights Paul’s “divinatory pedagogy,” in which he teaches his followers how to value and appropriately use their own divinatory and wonderworking skills. Thus, it is not just Paul’s engaging in specific divinatory and wonderworking practices that bolsters his authority and prestige; it is also his evaluating, sharing, and teaching of such practices to others. This chapter also offers an important link among the arguments of Chapters 3 and 4 to Chapter 6.
Why the Treatise? Why Book II? Why Custom?
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter defends the choice of the Treatise as a subject, arguing that it provides the most complete account of Hume’s thought; and of Book II as the foundation for the book’s interpretation, arguing that this is the site of Hume’s psychological reflections that provide the theoretical ground for Books I and III. It explains the origins of Hume’s use of the term custom in English legal theory and its central role in his thought. I argue that Hume self-consciously employs the term custom in the sense of customary law, as opposed to common, or statutory law, in order to argue that normativity derives from custom, and does not ground it.
Persons as Customary Creatures
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter draws together the reading of the Treatise offered in the previous chapters. The author concludes that Hume provides a compelling account of human nature as constituted through the interaction of innate habits and social conventions, and through understanding human nature as essentially social. His account of normativity as constituted by custom has excellent naturalistic credentials, and provides a sound explanation of normativity in a scientific framework. This chapter demonstrates that a communitarian reading of Hume, and a reading of Hume’s analysis of custom grounded in the legal theory of his time offers the most cogent understanding of the Treatise as a whole, and confirms the utility of the interpretative principles proffered in Chapter 1.
Beyond Health Care
Authors: Rajczi Alex 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that this book’s examination of the American health care debate has revealed larger lessons. Latent in our discussion is a whole new approach to debates about the social minimum—one that can prove useful during inquiries into any part of the social safety net, not just health care, and that can be applied to debates in any country, not just the U.S. Specifically, the discussion in the previous chapters has hinted at a way of understanding a conservative point of view about distributive justice, one that is usually overlooked. This chapter describes it more thoroughly and explains why it is philosophically significant. The chapter then identifies the parts of the conservative view that progressives might challenge, thereby building up a picture of the progressive view itself. The chapter closes by explaining why it is valuable to frame debates over the social safety net in this new way.
Optogenetic and chemogenetic technologies for advanced functional investigations of the neural correlates of emotions
Authors: Surget Alexandre , Belzung Catherine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The neural circuits underlying emotions have been extensively examined in the last decades, using either correlational approaches (e.g. functional imaging in human subjects or post-mortem immunohistochemistry in rodents) or methodologies enabling to investigate causal relationships (such as focused brain lesions in animals). However, each of these approaches has strong limitations that have hampered research in this field. The first approaches do not enable investigation of causal relations; they allow determining associations of particular emotional expressions with distinct cell populations or brain areas. The second approach enables the determination of causal relations but not the inhibition of particular cell types or projections or the investigation of the effects of manipulating neuronal activity during a restricted time period. Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches are two cutting-edge methodologies that enabled ground-breaking research in the field of emotion in recent years. These approaches make possible the stimulation or inhibition of specific neuronal populations/projections in a specific area of the brain, during a precise period of time, thus permitting the dissection of the contribution of precise neuronal populations, sub-areas, and outputs to the different components of emotions. It is strongly impacting research in this field, providing a more complex and rich view of the biology of normal emotions.
Fear learning and extinction
Authors: Lonsdorf Tina B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Experimental fear conditioning and extinction represent basic forms of associative learning with considerable clinical relevance and serve as laboratory models for the development and treatment of anxiety disorders, respectively. There is considerable inter-individual variation in the ability to acquire and extinguish conditioned fear reactions as well as the return of fear and approximately one third of the variance in human fear conditioning and in the vulnerability for anxiety disorders can be attributed to genetic factors. The experimental paradigms of fear conditioning and extinction are particularly well suited for genetic association studies as these optimally investigate simple behavioral paradigms with sufficient inter-individual variability and clear heritability that elicit robust behavioral responses which are easy to measure and quantify and rely on a well-defined underlying neural circuitry. Understanding the molecular pathways that mediate conditioning and extinction might therefore make an important contribution to the study of anxiety pathophysiology and resilience. Because a significant proportion of patients do not respond to or tolerate standard treatments, such advances may ultimately open up new perspectives for pharmacological interventions (i.e. pharmacologically enhanced CBT) or the individualization of current prevention and treatment programs. In the future, translational work employing a synergy between molecular genetics, neuroimaging, psychophysiology and psychopharmacology will be powerful in unraveling the neurobiology of fear learning and extinction processes and the investigation of genetic polymorphisms in fear learning and extinction processes represents one avenue along this path.