bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation Mechanisms for Low-energy Interstellar Pickup Ions
Authors: Zhao L.-L. , Zank G. P. , Adhikari L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present a test-particle simulation describing the interstellar pickup ion (PUI) velocity distribution in the turbulent solar wind (SW). The classical Vasyliunas and Siscoe (V&S) model assumes instantaneous pitch angle scattering that leads to an isotropic distribution in the SW frame, and considers only convection and adiabatic cooling as PUIs propagate in the expanding SW. In this paper, the nearly isotropic PUI transport equation, including the effect of spatial diffusion due to the fluctuating magnetic field, is solved at different heliospheric distances. The creation of PUIs due to the ionization of interstellar neutral hydrogen (H) and charge exchange between SW protons and neutral H are considered separately. The varying SW velocity, density, and temperature with heliocentric distance from a comprehensive fluid model have been incorporated into our simulations. Specifically, we find (1) the spatial diffusion augments adiabatic cooling effects by extending the transport time and distance, which leads to an enhanced production of low-energy PUIs, especially at small heliospheric distances; (2) spatial diffusion is unimportant at large distances (≥15 au), because the particles have had a sufficiently long time to undergo adiabatic cooling; (3) moments of the simulated velocity distribution function are consistent with PUI hydrogen properties measured by the New Horizons’ SW Around Pluto instrument; and (4) the simulated PUI distribution is of potential importance for the PUI measurements to be carried out by IMAP at 1 au.
Highly Ordered and Pinched Magnetic Fields in the Class 0 Protobinary System L1448 IRS 2
Authors: Kwon Woojin , Stephens Ian W. , Tobin John J. , Looney Leslie W. , Li Zhi-Yun , van der Tak Floris F. S. , Crutcher Richard M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We have carried out polarimetric observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array toward the Class 0 protostellar system L1448 IRS 2, which is a protobinary embedded within a flattened, rotating structure, and for which a hint of a central disk has been suggested, but whose magnetic fields are aligned with the bipolar outflow on the cloud core scale. Our high-sensitivity and high-resolution (∼100 au) observations show a clear hourglass magnetic field morphology centered on the protostellar system, but the central pattern is consistent with a toroidal field indicative of a circumstellar disk; though, other interpretations are also possible, including field lines dragged by an equatorial accretion flow into a configuration parallel to the midplane. If a relatively large disk does exist, it would suggest that the magnetic braking catastrophe is averted in this system, not through a large misalignment between the magnetic and rotation axes, but rather through some other mechanisms, such as nonideal magnetohydrodynamic effects and/or turbulence. We have also found a relationship of decreasing polarization fractions with intensities and the various slopes of this relationship can be understood as multiple polarization mechanisms and/or depolarization from a changing field morphology. In addition, we found a prominent clumpy depolarization strip crossing the center perpendicular to the bipolar outflow. Moreover, a rough estimate of the magnetic field strength indicates that the field is strong enough to hinder formation of a rotationally supported disk, which is inconsistent with the feature of a central toroidal field. This also suggests that early disk formation can happen even in young stellar objects with a strong primordial magnetic field.
Que peut-on faire des théories ? Essai de classification des modélisations en architecture
Authors: Vitalis Louis , Guéna François 
Published: July 2019

En architecture, il semble que « théorie » n’a pas le même sens en fonction des théories et que l’utilisation que l’on peut en faire n’est en rien prédéterminée par la théorie. La notion de modélisation en usage dans les sciences contemporaines pour décrire de nouvelles pratiques de recherche, permet de comprendre comment se fait le passage de la théorie à l’utilisation de celle-ci. Après avoir envisagé la manière de cartographier les théories en architecture, puis après avoir considéré les fondements épistémologiques des rapports des théories à la pratique on proposera une classification des modélisations architecturales selon trois pratiques : la conception, l’analyse et la simulation.
Prytanée militaire et éducation patriotique au Gabon
Authors: Missang Frederick Mba 
Published: July 2019

Dans quelles mesures les différents enseignements dispensés au Prytanée militaire de Libreville sont vecteurs de l’éducation patriotique ? A cette question tente de répondre cette analyse qui mobilise plusieurs ressources du terrain dont une enquête qualitative et l’historiographique de la nation. A partir d’une approche compréhensive, l’article entend démontrer que dans un contexte éducatif gabonais marqué par la crise des valeurs patriotiques consécutive au dysfonctionnement de l’école publique depuis 1990, le Prytanée militaire par ses méthodes d’enseignement inspirées de la rigueur militaire est un acteur important résolument engagé dans l’enseignement des valeurs patriotiques facteurs de socialisation et de la défense de la nation. On découvre finalement une école militaire ouverte à la société où elle participe à la socialisation et à l’apprentissage de la patrie en acte.
Family-Centered Communication and Acute Stress in Israeli Intensive Care Units
Authors: Ganz Freda DeKeyser , Yihye Gilat , Beckman Nicole 
Published: July 2019

Background
Intensive care unit stays can be stressful for patients’ family members. Family-centered communication has 6 components: fostering relationships, exchanging information, responding to emotions, managing uncertainty, making decisions, and enabling patient self-management. Whether these communication components decrease family members’ stress is unknown.

Objective
To describe levels of family-centered communication and associations with acute stress while patients are in the intensive care unit.

Methods
A convenience sample of 130 family members of patients in 2 intensive care units in a Jerusalem, Israel, tertiary medical center received a family-centered communication questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a personal characteristics questionnaire.

Results
Most respondents were women (n = 79, 60.8%), children of the patient (n = 67, 51.9%), and familiar with the patient’s diagnosis (n = 111, 85.4%). Mean (SD) participant age was 45.7 (13.6) years. Most considered the patient medically stable (n = 75, 57.7%). Mean (SD) intensive care unit stay was 7.45 (5.8) days. Mean (SD) total and item scores for family-centered communication were 98.75 (18.21) and 3.80 (0.70), respectively; for the Perceived Stress Scale, 19.63 (5.92) and 1.96 (0.59), respectively. Relationship building (r = −0.31, P = .002), participation in care management (r = −0.32, P = .001), and emotional support (r = −0.29, P = .003), and were significantly related to stress.

Conclusions
Stress levels were mild to moderate and communication scores were moderate to high. Better nurse communication with family members was associated with decreased acute stress, irrespective of personal characteristics or perceptions of the patient’s medical status.
Azithromycin Polarizes Macrophages to an M2 Phenotype via Inhibition of the STAT1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Haydar Dalia , Cory Theodore J. , Birket Susan E. , Murphy Brian S. , Pennypacker Keith R. , Sinai Anthony P. , Feola David J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Azithromycin is effective at controlling exaggerated inflammation and slowing the long-term decline of lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis. We previously demonstrated that the drug shifts macrophage polarization toward an alternative, anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this study we investigated the immunomodulatory mechanism of azithromycin through its alteration of signaling via the NF-κB and STAT1 pathways. J774 murine macrophages were plated, polarized (with IFN-γ, IL-4/-13, or with azithromycin plus IFN-γ) and stimulated with LPS. The effect of azithromycin on NF-κB and STAT1 signaling mediators was assessed by Western blot, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay, nuclear translocation assay, and immunofluorescence. The drug’s effect on gene and protein expression of arginase was evaluated as a marker of alternative macrophage activation. Azithromycin blocked NF-κB activation by decreasing p65 nuclear translocation, although blunting the degradation of IκBα was due, at least in part, to a decrease in IKKβ kinase activity. A direct correlation was observed between increasing azithromycin concentrations and increased IKKβ protein expression. Moreover, incubation with the IKKβ inhibitor IKK16 decreased arginase expression and activity in azithromycin-treated cells but not in cells treated with IL-4 and IL-13. Importantly, azithromycin treatment also decreased STAT1 phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that was reversed with IKK16 treatment. We conclude that azithromycin anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve inhibition of the STAT1 and NF-κB signaling pathways through the drug’s effect on p65 nuclear translocation and IKKβ.
Measuring impostor phenomenon among health sciences librarians
Authors: Barr-Walker Jill , Bass Michelle B. , Werner Debra A. , Kellermeyer Liz 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Impostor phenomenon, also known as impostor syndrome, is the inability to internalize accomplishments while experiencing the fear of being exposed as a fraud. Previous work has examined impostor phenomenon among academic college and research librarians, but health sciences librarians, who are often asked to be experts in medical subject areas with minimal training or education in these areas, have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to measure impostor phenomenon among health sciences librarians.Methods: A survey of 2,125 eligible Medical Library Association (MLA) members was taken from October to December 2017. The online survey featuring the Harvey Impostor Phenomenon scale, a validated measure of impostor phenomenon, was administered, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine relationships between impostor phenomenon scores and demographic variables.Results: A total of 703 participants completed the survey (33% response rate), and 14.5% of participants scored ≥42 on the Harvey scale, indicating possible impostor feelings. Gender, race, and library setting showed no associations, but having an educational background in the health sciences was associated with lower impostor scores. Age and years of experience were inversely correlated with impostor phenomenon, with younger and newer librarians demonstrating higher scores.Conclusions: One out of seven health sciences librarians in this study experienced impostor phenomenon, similar to previous findings for academic librarians. Librarians, managers, and MLA can work to recognize and address this issue by raising awareness, using early prevention methods, and supporting librarians who are younger and/or new to the profession. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Correction to “Performance of a mixed filter to identify relevant studies for mixed studies reviews” on page 49, 104(1) January 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.214
Authors: Akers Katherine G. 
Published: July 2019

Corrects Table 1 and total number of records identified in the study of “Performance of a mixed filter to identify relevant studies for mixed studies reviews” on page 49, 104(1) January 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.214.
¿Cómo formamos para el desarrollo de capacidades ciudadanas y productivas en el Plan Nacional de Formación Docente desde las Ciencias Sociales?
Authors: Rodríguez Rivas Carlos 
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo reúne las principales preocupaciones e ideas surgidas de las discusiones y del diálogo entre especialistas y expertos de ciencias sociales del Plan Nacional de Formación de Docentes en Servicio. Este proceso ha estado marcado por la construcción de un planteamiento pedagógico, metodológico y curricular desde el enfoque del desarrollo de capacidades ciudadanas y productivas. Las capacidades son potencialidades de la persona, que se constituyen a partir de la articulación de competencias, conocimientos, habilidades y modos de ser, con las cuales puede encararse situaciones complejas que presenta la vida cotidiana en sus diferentes dimensiones. Este enfoque implica la superación de un currículo fragmentado y centrado exclusivamente en la transmisión de conocimientos disciplinares. Este replanteamiento de la tarea de las ciencias sociales implica responder al porqué, para qué y cómo nos proponemos enseñar y aprender estas disciplinas.
Revista de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales No.7, 2016: 49-76
Family Variables as Predictors of Self-Concept and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Aye Eucharia Nchedo , Agbangwu Richard , Oforka Theresa Olunwa , Onumonu Julia Amobi , Chinweuba Ngozi Hope , Ohia Nkiru Christiana , Eze Celestine Okwudili , Eze Ngozi Eucharia , Akaneme Immaculata Nwakaego 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE: The study investigated family variables as predictors of self-concept and academic achievement of secondary school students in Benue state, Nigeria.

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METHODS: The study adopted a correlational research design. The sample of the study consisted of seven hundred and twenty (720) SS II students. The study research questions were analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, while the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis at 0.05 probability level.

RESULTS: The findings revealed a strong positive relationship among family structure, self-concept and academic achievement of secondary schools students. It also revealed that family leadership style like Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive and Neglectful family leadership style had a strong relationship on secondary school students, self-concept and academic achievement. Again, it was discovered that family size had a strong relationship on secondary school students&rsquo; self-concept and academic achievement in Benue state, Nigeria.

CONCLUSION: It is concluded that there exists a strong relationship between family structure and self-concept of secondary school students; family structure predicts students&rsquo; academic achievements; family size has a low positive relationship with self-concept of secondary school students; low relationship with student&#39;s academic achievement; there is a positive relationship between family leadership styles and self-concept of secondary school students.
The Application of Model-Based Tests for Analysing the Consequences of Methane Combustion in a Mine Heading Ventilated Through a Forcing Air Duct
Authors: Magdalena TUTAK , Jarosław BRODNY , Antoni JOHN 
Published: July 2019

One of the most hazardous thermodynamic phenomena occurring in mine headings is fires. One of the substances commonly present in those headings is methane – an easily combustible, odourless gas of natural origin. ethane is released into the mining atmosphere as a result of coal mining activities. Appropriate concentration levels of this gas and the presence of oxygen produce a mixture which can lead to methane combustion and explosion when in contact with an ignition source, such a spark. Both of these phenomena are extremely dangerous, especially in mine headings.
The article presents the results of a numerical analysis concerning methane ignition, leading to an exogenous fire in a mine heading. The purpose of the analysis was to demonstrate the mechanism of occurrence and development of methane fires, as well as to determine their consequences. This is because such fires cause emission of harmful and poisonous gases with extremely high temperatures into the mining atmosphere.
The model-bases tests of a methane fire were conducted using the “Partially Premixed combustion” (CFD) model. The analysis conducted helped to determine the distributions of speed, pressure and temperature of the air stream flowing through the region under analysis, as well as to specify the distributions of concentration levels for the combustion products (CO and CO2).
The article also describes the aerodynamics of the combustion process, as well as the phases of emergence, development and disappearance of fires. The model developed and the boundary conditions adopted for the tests reflect the real-world mine heading. The test method prepared for methane fires and the results obtained may represent a significant source of information for the mine’s ventilation service teams.
Veřejné zakázky v oblasti ICT a problém závislosti zadavatele
Authors: Svoboda Jan 
Published: July 2019

Častým jevem v ICT veřejných zakázkách je proprietární uzamčení veřejného zadavatele. Vypořádání se s tímto negativním jevem není snadné, protože nezřídka představuje i nutnost vypořádání se s konfliktem jednotlivých účelů právní úpravy veřejných zakázek. Tento článek si klade za cíl poskytnout teoretická východiska pro snížení výskytu proprietárního uzamčení. Mimo jiné popisuje formy proprietárního uzamčení, jejich projevy, právní možnosti předcházení tomuto jevu a jeho řešení. Článek se rovněž věnuje migraci dat. Jsou v něm navrženy i dílčí změny současné právní úpravy.
Does corporate social responsibility affect earnings management? Evidence from family firms
Authors: López-González Eva , Martinez-Ferrero Jennifer , García-Meca Emma 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the effect of corporate social responsibility performance on earnings management. We also examine the moderating role of family ownership on the association between earnings management and socially responsible performance. Based on an international sample of 6,442 firm-year observations from 2006 to 2014, we use several validated analysis and panel-data regression models. We find that social and environmental performance is positively related with earnings management; firms with a greater socially responsible performance show a higher discretionary behavior by promoting actions that mask the real financial and economic performance of the firm. However, we find that this positive relation is lower – moderated - in family-owned firms, mainly because of the fact that family firms show a greater socially responsible behavior aimed to preserve their socioemotional endowments and are negatively associated with earnings management practices.;
El objetivo de este artículo es intentar aclarar el efecto de la responsabilidad social corporativa en la manipulación de información. También examinamos el efecto moderador de la familia en la relación entre manipulación de información y responsabilidad corporativa. Basados en una muestra internacional de 6,442 observaciones empresa-año durante los años 2006-2014, usamos análisis de validez y modelos de regresión para datos de panel. Hemos concluido que el desarrollo social y ambiental está positivamente relacionado con la manipulación de información; las empresas con una mayor actividad de responsabilidad social muestran un mayor comportamiento de manipulación a través de la promoción de acciones que enmascaran la realidad financiera y económica de la sociedad. Igualmente, encontramos que esta relación positiva es moderada a la baja en empresas familiares, principalmente porque las empresas familiares muestran una mayor responsabilidad social pues están centradas en conservar sus legados emocionales y así mismo están negativamente asociadas con prácticas relativas a la manipulación de información.
Analysis of the effects of changes in Spanish auditing regulation on audit quality and its differential effect depending on the type of auditor
Authors: Cabal-García Elena , De-Andrés-Suarez Javier , Fernández-Méndez Carlos 
Published: July 2019

The objective of this paper is to provide evidence on the effect of the reforms of the Spanish auditing legislation, enacted in 2002, 2010 and 2015, on audit quality. More specifically, we study whether the reforms had a differential effect depending on the type of auditor. To this end, the auditors were classified according to their size. We analyzed the specific case of non-financial listed Spanish companies which are considered as Public Interest Entities (PIEs). The main results indicate that none of the reforms caused an improvement in financial reporting quality. This could mean that legal reforms per se are not sufficient to achieve the intended objectives in countries with weak legal enforcement, as is the case of Spain. Because of this, it may be necessary to implement mechanisms to encourage auditors to apply the new rules.
El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar evidencia sobre el efecto de las reformas de la legislación auditora española, efectuadas en 2002, 2010 y 2015, sobre la calidad de la auditoría y, más concretamente, sobre si las mismas tuvieron un efecto diferencial en función del tipo de auditor. Para ello, los auditores fueron clasificados en función de su tamaño. Se analizó el caso concreto de las empresas españolas cotizadas no financieras, colectivo que tiene la consideración de Entidades de Interés Público (EIP). Los resultados principales indican que ninguna de las reformas causó mejoras en la calidad de la información financiera. Esto podría significar que las reformas legales per se no son suficientes para lograr los objetivos previstos en países con débil aplicación legal, como es el caso de España. Por ello, podría ser necesario implementar mecanismos para alentar a los auditores a aplicar las nuevas reglas.
The Presence of Bureaucracy in the Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Costa Oliveira Helena , Lima-Rodrigues Lúcia , Craig Russell 
Published: July 2019

Despite being widely pilloried, bureaucratic processes are present in many organizations as a form of neo-bureaucracy. In this paper, we analyse whether a technique used in Management Accounting Systems (MAS), known as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), represents a bureaucratic order. We propose the following set of concepts to identify a bureaucratic order: authority, jurisdiction, professional qualiﬁcations, knowledge, rationality, discipline, accountability, systematization and transparency. We discuss the presence of such a set of concepts in the design and implementation of the BSC and conclude that the BSC is an example of a neo-bureaucratic order. This paper also underlines another important finding, the value of bureaucracy in attaining good MAS. The theme we explore is overlooked in the accounting literature. This paper can be a starting point for further research.
A pesar de haber sido ampliamente criticado, los procesos burocráticos están presente en muchos modelos organizacionales como una forma de neo-burocracia. En este artículo analizamos si una técnica utilizada en los Sistemas de contabilidad de gestión (MAS), conocida como Balanced Scorecard (BSC), representa una orden burocrática. Proponemos el siguiente conjunto de conceptos para identificar una orden burocrática: autoridad, jurisdicción, calificaciones profesionales, conocimiento, racionalidad, disciplina, responsabilidad, sistematización y transparencia. Discutimos la presencia de dicho conjunto de conceptos en la concepción e implementación del BSC y concluimos que el BSC es un ejemplo de un orden neo-burocrático. Este trabajo también subraya otro hallazgo importante, el valor de la burocracia para lograr un buen MAS. El tema que exploramos se pasa por alto en la literatura contable. Este artículo puede ser un punto de partida para futuras investigaciones.