bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Philosophical Justification for the Equant in Ptolemy’s Almagest
Authors: Zainaldin James L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper I offer a close reading of Ptolemy’s philosophical defense of the equant in Almagest 9.2. I identify the challenge to the equant that his defense is supposed to meet, characterizing it as a dispute concerning the origin and authority of the astronomer’s first principles (ἀρχαί). I argue that the equant could be taken to violate a principle fundamental to the Almagest’s astronomical project, namely, that the heavenly bodies move only in uniform circular motions. I show that Ptolemy is not unaware of this potential objection, and explore two ways in which he seeks to fend it off.
Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and the God/Useless Divide
Authors: Stubbs Alec 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Automation, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology have become topics of increasing interest in both academia as well as in popular media. The goal of this article is to establish which issues are the most pressing, and what are the underlying causes of the rise of robots. I demonstrate that fears of automation are well supported by current trends of automation as well as the inherent tendency within a capitalist system to automate at the expense of workers and working wages. Additionally, I point to what appears to be a potential evolutionary divide between what Yuval Noah Harari calls the “god” class and the “useless” class. Finally, I discuss how the new role of information as the world’s most valued commodity can either exacerbate this coming divide or liberate society. I present the case that in order to diminish the negative effects we must move beyond the present capitalist economic system, towards one in which economic democracy and the free flow of information thrives.
Commenting by Weaving Together Texts: Veṅkaṭanātha’s Seśvaramīmāṃsā and the Sanskrit Philosophical Commentaries
Authors: Freschi Elisa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
What makes a text a “commentary”? The question is naive enough to allow a complicated answer. In Sanskrit there is not a single word for “commentary”. The present study focuses on an exemplary case study, that of Veṅkaṭanātha’s commentary on the Seśvaramīmāṃsā, and concludes that Sanskrit philosophical commentaries share certain characteristics: 1. several given texts are their main interlocutors/they are mainly about a set of particular texts; 2. they belong to a genre in its own right and are not a minor specialisation for authors at the beginnings of their careers; 3. they are characterised by a varied but strong degree of textual reuse; 4. they are characterised by a shared interlanguage that their authors must have assumed was well known to their audiences; 5. they allow for a significant degree of innovation. The use of the plural in point No. 1 is discussed extensively within the paper.
Cystic Crypt Changes in Midgestational Human Vermiform Appendix: An Unrecognized Transient Histologic Feature
Authors: Carreon Chrystalle Katte , Ruchelli Eduardo D , Mihok Christina , Huff Dale S 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Lewis and Huff briefly described the presence of “microcystic cryptitis” in some of fetal vermiform appendices (VA) at autopsy. We further characterized these crypt changes (CC), their timing of occurrence, and tested their association with infection/inflammatory conditions. Methods Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 345 VA were evaluated for the presence or absence of CC and their different morphologies. Autopsy reports were reviewed for evidence of amniotic fluid or fetal systemic infection and placental inflammatory conditions. Results Crypt dilatation with or without irregularity of the lumen, crypt dilatation with semiattenuated epithelium, intraluminal apoptotic debris and inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and foci of swirled spindled cells with calcifications or multinucleated giant cells were observed, either alone or in combination, in at least 58.5% (202/345) of the VA. CC began to appear at 17 weeks, peaked at 20 to 25 weeks (with up to 82% of VA exhibiting CC during this time), and followed by a steady decline beyond 28 weeks gestation. χ2 test of independence showed no significant association ( P = .435; >0.05) between the presence and absence of CC and infection status of the fetus or placenta. Conclusion The underrecognized CC of the developing fetal vermiform appendix (VA) showed distinct temporal pattern of occurrence and did not seem to be affected by the presence or absence of infection, which so far favored their being a part of the normal gut developmental process.
Combined intravenous and endovascular treatment versus primary mechanical thrombectomy. The Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke
Authors: Casetta Ilaria , Pracucci Giovanni , Saletti Andrea , Saia Valentina , Padroni Marina , De Vito Alessandro , Inzitari Domenico , Zini Andrea , Vallone Stefano , Bergui Mauro , Cerrato Paolo , Bracco Sandra , Tassi Rossana , Gandini Roberto , Sallustio Fabrizio , Piano Mariangela , Motto Cristina , Spina Paolino La , Vinci Sergio L , Causin Francesco , Baracchini Claudio , Gasparotti Roberto , Magoni Mauro , Castellan Lucio , Serrati Carlo , Mangiafico Salvatore , Toni Danilo ,   on behalf of the The Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke
Published: May 2019

Background Whether mechanical thrombectomy alone may achieve better or at least equal clinical outcome than mechanical thrombectomy combined with intravenous thrombolysis is a matter of debate. Methods From the Italian Registry of Endovascular Stroke Treatment, we extracted all cases treated with intravenous thrombolysis followed by mechanical thrombectomy or with primary mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke due to proximal vessel occlusion. We included only patients who would have qualified for intravenous thrombolysis. We compared outcomes of the two groups by using multivariate regression analysis and propensity score method. Results We included 1148 patients, treated with combined intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy therapy (n = 635; 55.3%), or with mechanical thrombectomy alone (n = 513; 44.7%). Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics did not differ between the two groups, except for a shorter onset to groin puncture time (p < 0.05) in the mechanical thrombectomy group. A shift in the 90-day modified Rankin Scale distributions toward a better outcome was found in favor of the combined treatment (adjusted common odds ratio  = 1.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.66). Multivariate analyses on binary outcome show that subjects who underwent combined treatment had higher probability to survive with modified Rankin Scale 0–3 (odds ratio = 1.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.95) and lower case fatality rate (odds ratio = 0.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.9). Hemorrhagic transformation did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion These data seem to indicate that combined intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy could be associated with lower probability of death or severe dependency after three months from stroke due to large vessel occlusion, supporting the current guidelines of treating eligible patients with intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy.
Sentinel Node Biopsy in Young Patients with Atypical Melanocytic Tumors of the Head and Neck
Authors: Pfau David , Tamaki Akina , Hoppe Kathryn R. , Honda Kord , Rezaee Rod , Zender Chad A. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the diagnostic value of the sentinel lymph node biopsy in pediatric through young adult head and neck melanocytic tumors of unknown malignant potential.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingSingle academic institution.Subjects and MethodsDemographics, histology, and outcomes were examined in 14 patients aged 4 to 24 years with head and neck melanocytic tumors of unknown malignant potential. Information on age at diagnosis, primary lesion characteristics, and sentinel lymph node biopsy were compared.ResultsOf 14 patients meeting criteria for head and neck melanocytic tumors of unknown malignant potential, 8 patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (57%). Of those, 4 biopsies (50%) had positive sentinel nodes. All patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy had primary lesions greater than 1 mm depth or mitotic rate of at least 1 mitosis per mm2. No patients had recurrence of their primary lesion at time of follow‐up.ConclusionOur data show a high rate of node‐positive sentinel lymph node biopsy for pediatric and young adult head and neck patients with melanocytic tumors of unknown malignant potential, supporting the value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in this population.
Marlim R3D: A realistic model for controlled-source electromagnetic simulations — Phase 2: The controlled-source electromagnetic data set
Authors: Correa Jorlivan L. , Menezes Paulo T. L. 
Published: May 2019

Synthetic data provided by geoelectric earth models are a powerful tool to evaluate a priori a controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) workflow effectiveness. Marlim R3D (MR3D) is an open-source complex and realistic geoelectric model for CSEM simulations of the postsalt turbiditic reservoirs at the Brazilian offshore margin. We have developed a 3D CSEM finite-difference time-domain forward study to generate the full-azimuth CSEM data set for the MR3D earth model. To that end, we fabricated a full-azimuth survey with 45 towlines striking the north–south and east–west directions over a total of 500 receivers evenly spaced at 1 km intervals along the rugged seafloor of the MR3D model. To correctly represent the thin, disconnected, and complex geometries of the studied reservoirs, we have built a finely discretized mesh of [Formula: see text] cells leading to a large mesh with a total of approximately 90 million cells. We computed the six electromagnetic field components (Ex, Ey, Ez, Hx, Hy, and Hz) at six frequencies in the range of 0.125–1.25 Hz. In our efforts to mimic noise in real CSEM data, we summed to the data a multiplicative noise with a 1% standard deviation. Both CSEM data sets (noise free and noise added), with inline and broadside geometries, are distributed for research or commercial use, under the Creative Common License, at the Zenodo platform.
Increased levels of synaptic proteins involved in synaptic plasticity after chronic intraocular pressure elevation and modulation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a glaucoma animal model
Authors: Park Hae-Young Lopilly , Kim Si Won , Kim Jie Hyun , Park Chan Kee 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The dendrites of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) synapse with the axon terminals of bipolar cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Changes in the RGC dendrites and synapses between the bipolar cells in the inner retinal layer may critically alter the function of RGCs in glaucoma. The present study attempted to discover changes in the synapse using brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after glaucoma induction by chronic intraocular pressure elevation in a rat model. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the BDNF-injected group had a significant increase in the level of synaptophysin, which is a presynaptic vesicle protein, in the innermost IPL compared with the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-injected group. SMI-32, which is a marker of RGCs, was colocalized with synaptophysin in RGC dendrites, and this colocalization significantly increased in the BDNF-injected group. After the induction of glaucoma, the BDNF-injected group exhibited increases in the total number of ribbon synapses, as seen using electron microscopy. Expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and F-actin, which are key molecules involved in synaptic changes were upregulated after BDNF injection. These initial findings show the capability of BDNF to induce beneficial synaptic changes in glaucoma.
A Roman financier's Version of Euergetism: C. Vibius Salutaris and Ephesos
Authors: Kokkinia Christina 
Published: May 2019

Based on a close study of the text of the epigraphic dossier IEph 1a 27, dated 104 CE, that once covered an entire wall at Ephesos’ theatre and is now in the British Museum and, in addition, on the evidence of other inscriptions relating to C. Vibius Salutaris, this paper argues that: contrary to a widely held view, Salutaris was not an Ephesian by birth; that the terms of his foundation gave him absolute control over the foundation’s capital; that the objects donated and the rituals in which they featured were so designed as to bestow disproportionately great honor on the founder. Salutaris’ interpretation of euergetism was unconventional and his gifts to Ephesos would most likely have sunk in oblivion, were it not for his connections to representatives of the Roman state, and, most importantly, for his foundation’s successful advertising of Ephesos’ attachment to Rome.
BiocPkgTools: Toolkit for mining the Bioconductor package ecosystem
Authors: Su Shian , Carey Vincent J. , Shepherd Lori , Ritchie Matthew , Morgan Martin T. , Davis Sean 
Published: May 2019

Motivation: The Bioconductor project, a large collection of open source software for the comprehension of large-scale biological data, continues to grow with new packages added each week, motivating the development of software tools focused on exposing package metadata to developers and users. The resulting BiocPkgTools package facilitates access to extensive metadata in computable form covering the Bioconductor package ecosystem, facilitating downstream applications such as custom reporting, data and text mining of Bioconductor package text descriptions, graph analytics over package dependencies, and custom search approaches. Results: The BiocPkgTools package has been incorporated into the Bioconductor project, installs using standard procedures, and runs on any system supporting R. It provides functions to load detailed package metadata, longitudinal package download statistics, package dependencies, and Bioconductor build reports, all in "tidy data" form. BiocPkgTools can convert from tidy data structures to graph structures, enabling graph-based analytics and visualization. An end-user-friendly graphical package explorer aids in task-centric package discovery. Full documentation and example use cases are included. Availability: The BiocPkgTools software and complete documentation are available from Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/BiocPkgTools).
STUDI KERENTANAN AIRTANAH TERHADAP PENCEMARAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DRASTIC PADA CEKUNGAN AIRTANAH (CAT) KARANGANYAR-BOYOLALI, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Putranto Thomas Triadi 
Published: May 2019

Cekungan Airtanah (CAT) Karanganyar-Boyolali merupakan CAT yang terletak di Jawa Tengah yang terdiri dari Kota Surakarta, Kabupaten Semarang, Kabupaten Boyolali, Kabupaten Klaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Kabupaten Sragen, dan Kabupaten Wonogiri dengan luasan CAT sebesar 3.877km2. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan menganalisis kerentanan airtanah terhadap pencemaran secara spasial. Penilaian kerentanan airtanah terhadap kontaminan dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan metode DRASTIC. Metode DRASTIC merupakan metode pembobotan dari hasil berbagai macam parameter diantaranya yaitu : Kedalaman muka airtanah (D), Recharge (R), Media akuifer (A), Media tanah (S), Topography (T), Zona vadoze (I), dan Konduktivitas hidrolika (C). Dari hasil tumpeng tindih pembobotan setiap parameter, nantinya akan dijumlahkan untuk mendapatkan nilai rentang DRASTIC Indeks. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan rentang nilai DRASTIC Indeks (DI) dari 106-184 yang dibagi dalam empat tingakt kerentanan. Tingkat kerentanan sangat rendah memiliki nilai DI 106-120 dimana pada kerentanan sangat rendah memiliki sifat tidak memungkinkan terjadinya kontaminasi pencemaran. Daerah tingkat kerentanan rendah memiliki nilai DI 121-140 dimana pada tingkat kerentanan ini memiliki sifat dapat tercemar dengan intensitas kecil dikarenakan pembuangan sebagian kecil polutan yang dilakukan secara berkala. Daerah tingkat kerentanan sedang memiliki nilai DI 141-150 dimana memiliki sifat dapat tercemar oleh sebagian polutan yang dibuang secara terus-menerus. Daerah tingkat kerentanan tinggi memiliki nilai DI 151-184 dimana pada tingkat pencemaran ini memiliki sifat dapat tercemar oleh semua polutan, kecuali memerlukan daya serap yang tinggi dan mudah berubah, dengan berbagai macam skenario.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN JENIS SUMBER GULA DAN UREA TERHADAP HASIL FERMENTASI NATA DE PINA
Authors: Ramadhan Bima Rizkia , Rangkuti Maya Ellisa , Safitri Silvia Inge , Apriani Veraditias , Raharjo Angsari Sitorani , Titisgati Ednita Androgini , Afifah Diana Nur 
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang : Nanas (Ananas comosus) merupakan tanaman buah yang berasal dari Brazil. Pengolahan nanas di Indonesia yang masih tradisional dan memiliki nilai jual yang rendah menyebabkan diolah menjadi nata lebih menguntungkan. Produk nata yang berasal dari nanas dikenal dengan Nata de Pina. Kandungan nata terbesar adalah air (98%) sehingga nata merupakan sumber makanan rendah kalori. Nata dibentuk oleh bakteri asam asetat pada permukaan cairan (medium) yang mengandung gula / sari buah/ ekstrak tanaman lainnya. Bakteri yang ditumbuhkan dalam pembuatan nata yaitu Acetobacter Xylinum.Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian Nata de Pina adalah untuk mengetahui cara pembuatan nata yang baik dengan memanfaatkan nanas madu sebagai bahan baku, untuk mengamati nata hasil olahan secara kualitatif, menganalisa karakteristik nata yang terbentuk dengan pengujian proksimat. Metode : Tahapan awal pembuatan nata adalah pemilihan buah nanas, pencucian bahan dan alat agar steril dari kontaminan, penyiapan bahan baku, penambahan gula (gula pasir, gula Tropicana slim), penambahan urea 10 gr/ 5 l bahan. Selanjutnya dilakukan pendidihan bahan baku, penambahan cuka, penempatan bahan ke dalam wadah, penambahan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum, melakukan fermentasi terhadap bahan selama 14 hari dan pemanenan. Hasil ; Hasil uji didapat penambahan urea dan penggunaan gula memberikan hasil yang terbaik yaitu tebal 10,2 mm dengan warna putih paling baik, kadar air sebanyak 5,17%, kadar abu 0,75%, lemak 1,2%, serat kasar 2,29%, dan protein kasar 10,88% dalam 100% bahan kering. Kesimpulan : pembuatan nata de pina dengan hasil terbaik adalah dengan penambahan urea dan penggunaan gula. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi cara pengolahan nanas madu menjadi nata de pina yang baik.
Conceptual issues in strategy research: Examining the roles of teachers and students in formal education settings
Authors: Thomas Nathan , Rose Heath , Pojanapunya Punjaporn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the field of language learning strategies, focusing on definitional and conceptual issues as they relate to strategy use in formal education settings. The article first provides evidence of the conflation of language learning strategies with concepts related to self-directedness. It provides evidence via a corpus-based analysis of published papers over time to illustrate that the field has moved away from instructed settings and towards a view of learner agency and self-regulation. We argue that this is a dangerous trend for language education researchers, as current definitions minimize the role of the teacher and classroom contexts in influencing strategic behavior in their students. A conceptualization and subsequent definition that does not stigmatize or exclude learners who are not self-directed, for whatever reason(s), is crucial to advance the field. As a solution, we propose that self-regulation be defined as a dynamic characteristic of learning strategies in order to allow for other-regulated strategies in research. Theorizing the interplay of theselfand strategies on a continuum helps to emphasize the dynamic processes of strategic development, and the roles teachers and students in instructed settings can play in this process.
Temporal Deixis in Old Saxon and Old High German
Authors: Concu Valentina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractJetzt›now‹ andbald›soon‹ are frequently used in German to express temporal references with present and future readings, respectively. However, it is not unusual to find them combined with thePerfektandPräteritum, which are commonly described in the literature as past tenses. Although such use of temporal deixis in Modern German is well studied, there is still little research on this topic from a historical perspective. In this paper, I attempt to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the use of the adverbnu›now‹, ›then‹ in Old Saxon and Old High German. Textual analyses of these works reveal that the ›Hêliand‹ and the ›Evangelienbuch‹ exhibit a use of the adverbnusimilar to the use ofjetztandbaldin Modern German, since it was found in combination not only with thePräsens, but also with thePräteritum, and with what can be recognized as the prototype of the modernPerfekt. The analyses also show that, althoughnuwas often used as a pragmatic marker to highlight particular passages or convey the author’s attitude in relation to a specific event, it also retained its temporal meaning, especially when combined with the past tenses, establishing the chronological sequence of the narration.
Die ›Kaiserchronik‹ und der deutsche Adel
Authors: Petersen Christoph 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper explains the broad reception of the ›Kaiserchronik‹ in the German culture throughout the high and late middle ages by its ability to give a historical shape and foundation to a social identity of the medieval German nobility. This identity is based on the Chronicle’s general concept of history and worked out in its series of narratives on the one hand, and mirrored by its reception in the textual tradition on the other. The paper shows that the ›Kaiserchronik‹ ascribes to the German nobility the identity of being the teleologically destined bearer of the Roman empire and that the manuscripts preserving the text contain various reflections of the fact that this identity was actually adopted by the Chronicle’s textual community from the late 12th to the 15th century. This is illustrated by the means of the continuation of the ›Kaiserchronik‹ in its so-called C-Version (I), its contextualization within the famous Vorau codex (II), the excerpt of the Adelger episode in a Vienna codex (III), and the copy of the final parts of the Charlemagne episode in a Munich single sheet (IV). Overall, the examples demonstrate that the ›Kaiserchronikʼs‹ function of shaping and founding a social identity of the German nobility also explains in a new manner its flagrant idiosyncrasies in representing the history of the Roman emperors.
Widersprüche in heldenepischem Erzählen
Authors: Lienert Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article (re-)examines (marked) inconsistencies and incompatibilities in Middle High German heroic epic. Those contradictions may result from oral tradition, from the difficulties of transfering oral narratives into literacy, from the conditions of performing from memory, or from traditional narrative regularities of the genre. Frequently, they are striking side effects of a type of narration which is paradigmatic instead of syntagmatic, elliptic and aggregative, scenic and final, and therefore highly tolerant against contradictions of any kind. Contradictions and inconsistencies are (consciously or unconsciously) used (and imitated) as one of the constitutive stylistic features of heroic epic. In some cases, moreover, contradictions and inconsistencies are obviously part of an intentional poetics of contradiction ostentatiously accumulating and exhibiting different layers of knowledge and meaning. The textual strategies of heroic epic, in some respect perhaps of premodern narration in general, tend to favour discrepancies, contrasts, and contradiction instead of nuances, compromises, and smooth transitions.