bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Context Sensory Testing–A Proof of Concept Study Bringing Virtual Reality to the Sensory Booth
Authors: Stelick Alina , Penano Alexandra G. , Riak Alden C. , Dando Robin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEating is a multimodal experience. When we eat, we perceive not just the taste and aroma of foods, but also their visual, auditory, and tactile properties, as well as sensory input from our surroundings. Foods are commonly tested within a sensory booth, designed specifically to limit such input. Foods are not commonly experienced in such isolation, but alongside this context, which can alter how a food is perceived. In this study, we show that the sensory properties of food can be altered by changing the environment it is consumed in, using virtual reality (VR) to provide an immersive, dynamic context to the eating experience. The purpose of this project was to develop an affordable and easy‐to‐implement methodology for adapting VR technology to sensory evaluation, without prohibitive amounts of expensive equipment or specialized programming knowledge. Virtual environments were formed by processing custom‐recorded 360 degree videos and overlaying audio, text, sensory scales, and images to simulate a typical sensory evaluation ballot within the VR headset. In a pilot test, participants were asked to taste 3 identical blue cheese samples in 3 virtual contexts–a sensory booth, a park bench, and a cow barn. Respondents rated their liking of the sample, as well as its saltiness, and pungency, attributes either reflective of one context (pungency in the barn), or presumably unrelated (saltiness). Panelists duly rated the sample's flavor as being more pungent when consumed in the barn context. These results provide proof of concept for VR in applied sensory studies, providing an immersive context to a sensory test while remaining in place.Practical applicationWe consume foods in environments that can “spill over” into our perceptions of the food. Thus, we consider some foods “unsuitable” for certain settings, with others deemed more suitable for this locale. This has been studied for many years as sensory “context,” with written descriptions, pictures, or videos of such contexts. We present a method generating virtual reality contexts without any specist programming knowledge, for a few hundred dollars. In an accompanying pilot test, perception of a sample was significantly influenced by the VR context in which it was delivered.
The Brief Attachment Scale (BAS‐16): A short measure of infant attachment
Authors: Cadman Tim , Belsky Jay , Pasco Fearon Richard M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundInsecure attachment in infancy is associated with a range of later socioemotional problems; therefore, it is important to identify at‐risk children so that support can be provided. However, there are currently no well‐validated brief measures of infant attachment. The aim of this study is to create a brief version of the Attachment Q‐Sort (AQS), one of the gold‐standard measures of attachment.MethodData was used from the National Institute of Child Health and Development Study of Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,364). The factor structure of the AQS was explored, and Item Response Theory was used to select a reduced number of items. Convergent validity of the shortened measure was assessed through associations with the Strange Situation Procedure. Correlations with sensitivity, externalising, and social competence were also examined.ResultsThe Brief Attachment Scale (BAS‐16) was created consisting of two scales of eight items, relating to (a) harmonious interaction with the caregiver and (b) proximity‐seeking behaviours. The BAS‐16 showed comparable convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity to the full AQS.ConclusionThis brief version of the AQS shows potential as a screening measure for insecure attachment in infancy. Further development and validation is required in separate samples.
Immigrant selection before and after communism
Authors: Ganguli Ina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe end of the Soviet Union and communist regimes throughout Eastern Europe led to sudden increases in emigration and large changes in wage inequality. This has provided a unique opportunity to understand how these changes altered incentives to emigrate during the transition period. In this paper, I analyze immigrant selection before and after the fall of the Soviet Union within a Roy Model framework, in which the relative return to skills determines the skill composition of immigrants. Using micro‐level data from Russia, Ukraine and Bulgaria, matched to Census data on immigrants from these countries in the United States, Spain and Greece in the post‐Soviet period, I find evidence of positive selection of immigrants in the US, and negative selection for Greece and Spain. Using retrospective data from Ukraine during the communist period, I find that selection among Soviet men in the US was intermediate and selection among women was positive.
Mechanisms of action underlying the efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: central role of disease severity
Authors: Stefani Alessandro , Cerroni Rocco , Mazzone Paolo , Liguori Claudio , Di Giovanni Giuseppe , Pierantozzi Mariangela , Galati Salvatore 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite consensus on some neurophysiological hallmarks of the Parkinsonian state (such as beta) band increase) a single mechanism is unlikely to explain the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Most experimental evidence to date correlates with an extreme degree of nigral neurodegeneration and not with different stages of PD progression. It seems inappropriate to combine substantially different patients – newly diagnosed, early fluctuators or advanced dyskinetic individuals – within the same group. An efficacious STN‐DBS imposes a new activity pattern within brain circuits, favouring alpha‐ and gamma‐like neuronal discharge, and restores the thalamo‐cortical transmission pathway through axonal activation. In addition, stimulation via the dorsal contacts of the macro‐electrode may affect cortical activation antidromically. However, basal ganglia (BG) modulation remains cardinal for ‘OFF’‐’ON’ transition (as revealed by cGMP increase occurring during STN‐DBS in the substantia nigra pars reticulata and internal globus pallidus). New research promises to clarify to what extent STN‐DBS restores striato‐centric bidirectional plasticity, and whether non‐neuronal cellular actions (microglia, neurovascular) play a part. Future studies will assess whether extremely anticipated DBS or lesioning in selected patients are capable of providing neuroprotection to the synuclein‐mediated alterations of synaptic efficiency. This review addresses these open issues through the specific mechanisms prevailing in a given disease stage. In patients undergoing early protocol, alteration in endogenous transmitters and recovery of plasticity are concurrent players. In advanced stages, re‐modulation of endogenous band frequencies, disruption of pathological pattern and/or antidromic cortical activation are, likely, the prominent modes.
How Do Regulations Affect SMEs? A Review of the Qualitative Evidence and a Research Agenda
Authors: Mallett Oliver , Wapshott Robert , Vorley Tim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effects of regulations on small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) have garnered significant political attention internationally, yet, in the academic literature, these effects remain contested. This article presents findings from a systematic literature review of qualitative evidence on the effects of regulation on SMEs. It sets out the strengths of qualitative approaches in relation to more prominent and influential quantitative approaches. It conducts a thematic synthesis of the qualitative research to develop a conceptual framework that provides a processual, embedded understanding of the effects of regulations on SMEs. The conceptual framework highlights four key, interconnected processes: identification–interpretation; strategization; negotiation; and adaptation. This conceptual framework generates insights into dynamic and potentially indirect effects of regulations in relation to a complex array of influences external to and within the business. On the basis of these insights a new research agenda is proposed.
Genetic structure and connectivity analysis in a large domestic livestock meta‐population: The case of the Pura Raza Español horses
Authors: Solé Marina , Valera Mercedes , Fernández Jesús 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Pura Raza Español (PRE) is an autochthonous Spanish horse population distributed in 65 countries and managed by a single association. Since 1960s, breeding animals have been steadily exported to other countries to establish local subpopulations. We analysed the genetic structure of a PRE horse meta‐population (MP) of 215,500 animals from countries with at least 80 active animals (27 countries comprising 77% of the total animals in the complete pedigree). Genotypes from active animals (59% of the total animals in the complete pedigree) were also studied. Genetic analysis of the MP was performed using classical parameters such as inbreeding (F), coancestry, founder contribution, effective number of founders/ancestors (fe/fa) and gene flow between countries. Results showed that the MPF coefficient decreased in the last two decades (1990–2013), indicating an explicit management against F. Founder contribution to genetic variability across countries mainly came from females (73.6%). In general, unbalanced contributions of founders reflected the high loss of genetic diversity along generations (fe/fa as low as 32/19 for the whole MP). Despite this differential contribution, the proportional contribution to the global diversity of each country was similar. The highest within‐country coancestry value corresponded to Cuba (0.1509), being the only country with highly inbred individuals (over 12%), and the lowest value corresponded to Spain (0.0574). These results should help to avoid further declines in genetic variability and increases in F levels, especially in small countries like Cuba. In parallel, only nine countries presented descendants in a single population, suggesting a common origin for all countries and/or a substantial exchange of genetic material between populations. Spain and the US showed the highest gene flow rates. These results support the need of a coordinated management strategy, especially promoting the exchange of genetic material to increase the effective population size and maintain the levels of genetic diversity in the PRE horse population.
Clinical factors associated with the occurrence of nausea and vomiting in type 2 diabetes patients treated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists
Authors: Shiomi Megumi , Takada Tesshu , Tanaka Yoichi , Yajima Keiko , Isomoto Akira , Sakamoto Masaki , Otori Katsuya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionResearch has proved a correlation between glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) and gastrointestinal adverse events. Predominantly, nausea and vomiting are frequent gastrointestinal adverse events that lead to the discontinuation of GLP‐1 RAs treatment. The present study aims to investigate clinical factors related to nausea and vomiting, considering diabetic complications and agents affecting the gastrointestinal tract, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with GLP‐1 RAs.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who started receiving GLP‐1 RAs therapy. We assessed nausea and vomiting up to 48 weeks after treatment with GLP‐1 RAs and used Fine–Gray's proportional hazards model to investigate clinical factors related to nausea and vomiting.ResultsA total of 130 patients were included in this study. Patients with PPIs or H2RAs showed a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting at 48 weeks than those without PPIs or H2RAs. The multivariate analysis revealed that female sex, retinopathy and treatment with PPIs or H2RAs were statistically significant risk factors for nausea and vomiting. Analysis of patients without PPIs or H2RAs showed that female sex and retinopathy were also statistically significant risk factors.ConclusionsThe present study showed a significant correlation of PPIs or H2RAs, female sex, and diabetic retinopathy with nausea and vomiting in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with GLP‐1 RAs. Hence, the occurrence of nausea and vomiting in patients with these factors warrants attention.
Through the Looking‐Glass: The Impact of Regional Institutional Logics and Knowledge Pool Characteristics on Opportunity Recognition and Market Entry
Authors: Vedula Siddharth , York Jeffrey G. , Corbett Andrew C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study investigates how regional variations in institutions and knowledge pools impact new firm entry into emerging industry sectors. Using the cleantech industry sector as a research context, we hypothesize and find that supportive regional institutional logics – shared meaning systems in a community that confer legitimacy upon particular goals and practices – generate cognitive schemas (mental models) that facilitate opportunity recognition and increase new firm entry rates. Drawing from research on socially situated cognition, we demonstrate that supportive institutional logics have a greater impact on new firm entry when a regional knowledge pool is larger, but a reduced impact on new firm entry when the knowledge pool is more specialized. These findings integrate previously distinct perspectives from institutional theory and knowledge economics, while contributing to research on how new industry sectors emerge.
Using experience sampling to examine links between compassion, eudaimonia, and pro‐social behavior
Authors: Runyan Jason D. , Fry Brian N. , Steenbergh Timothy A. , Arbuckle Nathan L. , Dunbar Kristen , Devers Erin E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveCompassion has been associated with eudaimonia and pro‐social behavior, and it has been regarded as a virtue, both historically and cross‐culturally. However, the psychological study of compassion has been limited to laboratory settings and/or standard survey assessments. Here, we use an experience sampling method (ESM) to compare naturalistic assessments of compassion with standard assessments, and to examine compassion, its variability, and associations with eudaimonia and pro‐social behavior.MethodUndergraduate students (n= 200) took a survey that included standard assessments of compassion and eudaimonia. Then, over 4 days, they were repeatedly asked about their level of compassion, eudaimonia, and situational factors within the moments of daily life. Finally, pro‐social behavior was tested using the Dual Gamble Task and an opportunity to donate task winnings.ResultsAnalyses revealed within‐person associations between ESM compassion and eudaimonia. ESM compassion also predicted eudaimonia at the next ESM time point. While not impervious to situational factors, considerable consistency was observed in ESM compassion in comparison with eudaimonia. Further, ESM compassion along with eudaimonia predicted donating behavior. Standard assessments did not.ConclusionsConsistent with virtue theory, some individuals' reports were indicative of a probabilistic tendency toward compassion, and ESM compassion predicted ESM eudaimonia and pro‐social behavior toward those in need.
Evaluation of omission testing as a method for identifying important odorants in a mixture
Authors: Weiss Kirsten , Vickers Zata 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOur goal was to determine whether people could learn to discriminate between a five‐compound odor mixture with all compounds at the same perceived intensity and that same mixture with any one of the five compounds removed. We first selected, for each panelist separately, concentrations of each of four compounds that were equivalent in intensity to 5 ppm acetylpropionyl. We then constructed, for each participant, a mixture of the five compounds matched in intensity. Panelists then participated in 20 sessions consisting of a series of A‐not‐A tests with corrective feedback. Panelists, as a group, were able to discriminate between the full five‐compound mixture and mixtures with any one of the five compounds removed after 60 trials. However, low d′ values indicated that the mixtures were extremely difficult to discriminate. Only 60% of the panelists were able to discriminate between the complete mixture and the n‐1 mixtures even after 200 trials.Practical applicationsWhen compounds are at a similar perceived intensity, using omission testing, as a method for determining the important odorants in a mixture is very likely to indicate that compounds are not important, when, in fact, they are.
In-vitro and in-vivo antimalarial activity of caffeic acid and some of its derivatives
Authors: Alson Sylvain G , Jansen Olivia , Cieckiewicz Ewa , Rakotoarimanana Hajatiana , Rafatro Herintsoa , Degotte Gilles , Francotte Pierre , Frederich Michel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the in-vitro and in-vivo antimalarial potential of caffeic acid and derivatives.

Methods
Two common phenolic acids (caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid) were evaluated for in-vitro and in-vivo antiplasmodial activity in comparison with some semi-synthetic derivatives that were synthesized. An in-vitro assay based on plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase activity, and the classical in-vivo 5-day suppressive test from Peters on an artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium berghei strain was used. Parasitic stage sensitivity to ethyl caffeate was determined in this work.

Key findings
Phenolic acid esters derivatives showed better antiplasmodial activity than corresponding phenolic acids. The derivative with the highest in-vitro activity being caffeic acid ethyl ester, exhibiting an IC50 = 21.9 ± 9.4 μm. Ethyl caffeate and methyl caffeate were then evaluated for antimalarial activity in vivo and ethyl caffeate showed a growth inhibition of 55% at 100 mg/kg. Finally, it seems that ethyl caffeate blocks the growth of young parasitic forms.

Conclusions
Our study provides evidence for an antimalarial potential of caffeic acid derivatives which are common in several medicinal plants traditionally used against malaria. It also demonstrates the possibility to use such derivatives in the treatment of malaria.
Associations of body condition score with health conditions related to overweight and obesity in cats
Authors: Teng K. T. , McGreevy P. D. , Toribio J. A. L. M. L. , Raubenheimer D. , Kendall K. , Dhand N. K. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo explore the associations of cat body condition score with various health conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, dermatological conditions and hypertension, that have been shown to relate to overweight and/or obesity in cats, dogs or humans.Materials and MethodsElectronic patient records between January 3, 2005 and June 21, 2015 were obtained from a cat‐focused primary accession clinic in metropolitan Sydney where the body condition score of cats was routinely evaluated. Binomial logistic regression modelling was conducted to investigate the associations, after adjusting for age, sex and breed, between 21 health conditions and body condition score recorded on a 9‐point scale.ResultsFourteen of the 21 health conditions examined showed significant associations with an increased body condition score, particularly those of 7 and above. These were dermatological conditions, atopic dermatitis, musculoskeletal conditions, arthritis, hypertension, respiratory conditions, asthma, oral conditions, diarrhoea, general and lower urinary tract conditions, ophthalmic conditions, diabetes mellitus and allergic conditions. Additionally, cats with body condition score of 8 or 9 had significantly higher odds for gastrointestinal conditions and upper urinary tract conditions when compared with cats with body condition score of 5.Clinical SignificanceAs far as we know, this is the first study reporting positive associations of high body condition score with atopic dermatitis, hypertension, asthma, diarrhoea, ophthalmic conditions and allergic conditions in cats. A large number of positive associations between health conditions and high body condition score indicates that excess fat mass should be given a greater emphasis in preventive health care for cats.
Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline after oral administration of single and multiple dose in broiler chickens
Authors: Yang Fan , Yang Fang , Wang Guoyong , Kong Tao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative, doxycycline (α‐6‐deoxy‐5‐hydroxytetracycline) is a time‐dependent bacteriostatic agent. It is being widely used in the broiler husbandry in China. In this study, doxycycline was orally administered by gavage to 10 healthy broiler chickens at the dose of 20 mg/kg body weight every 24 hr for five total treatments. Plasma samples were collected from each animal at 5, 10, 20, and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hr after the first dose, at 0.25, 0.5, 0.45, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13.5, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hr after the last dose. Additional plasma samples were collected at a 24‐hr interval during the dosing period (immediately prior to each oral administration). The doxycycline concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector and subjected to noncompartmental analysis. Then, the pharmacokinetics profiles were compared after the first and last oral doses. After the first dosing, the elimination half‐life, area under the concentration–time curve from 0 hr to ∞, peak concentration, time to reach peak concentration, and volume of distribution per fraction absorbed were determined as 7.78 hr, 94.19 μg·hr/ml, 5.65 μg/ml, 3.50 hr, and 2,502.65 ml/kg, respectively, while the corresponding values of these parameters after the last dose were 19.90 hr, 121.08 μg·hr/ml, 5.71 μg/ml, 7.25 hr, and 5,285.28 ml/kg, respectively. After multiple oral doses, the absorption and elimination both became slower, while the distribution was more extensive than that following a single dose. However, after multiple oral doses, accumulation of doxycycline in plasma was not observed with an average accumulation factor of 1.11.