bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management algorithms for prostate-specific antigen progression in prostate cancer: Biochemical recurrence after definitive therapy and progression to non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Danielson Brita , Saad Fred , So Alan , Morgan Scott , Hamilton Robert J. , Malone Shawn , Park-Wyllie Laura , Zardan Anousheh , Shayegan Bobby 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Current prostate cancer (PC) guidelines primarily focus on localized or metastatic PC. A multidisciplinary genitourinary oncology panel determined that additional guidance focusing on monitoring and management of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical therapy and non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) was warranted.
Methods: The most up-to-date national and international guidelines, consensus statements, and emerging phase 3 trials were identified and used to inform development of algorithms by a multidisciplinary genitourinary oncology panel outlining optimal monitoring and treatment for patients with non-metastatic PC.
Results: A total of eight major national and international guidelines/consensus statements published since 2015 and three phase 3 trials were identified. Working group discussions among the multidisciplinary genitourinary oncology panel led to the development of two algorithms: the first addressing management of patients with BCR following radical therapy (post-BCR), and the second addressing management of nmCRPC. The post-BCR algorithm suggests consideration of early salvage treatment in select patients, and provides guidance regarding observation vs. intermittent or continuous androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). The nmCRPC algorithm suggests continued ADT and monitoring for all patients, with consideration of treatment with apalutamide or enzalutamide for patients with high-risk disease (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] doubling time of ≤10 months).
Conclusions: Two treatment algorithms have been developed to guide the management of non-metastatic PC, and should be considered in the context of local guidelines and practice patterns.
A changing paradigm of protection of vulnerable adults and its implications for the Netherlands
Authors: Stelma-Roorda H.N. , Blankman C. , Antokolskaia M.V. 
Published: February 2019

A changing paradigm of protection of vulnerable adults and its implications for the Netherlands
The perception of how the interests of vulnerable adults should be protected has been changing over time. Under the influence of human and patient’s rights a profound shift of protection paradigms has taken place in the last decades. In the framework of this shift, in addition to traditional adult guardianship measures, new instruments have been developed allowing adults to play a greater role in the protection of their (future) interests. This has also been the case in the Netherlands, where adults in the course of the last decade have acquired the possibility to make a so-called living will, internationally better known as a continuing, enduring or lasting power of attorney. This article discusses this instrument, in comparison with the traditional adult guardianship measures currently in force in the Netherlands, from the perspective of the new protection paradigm based on a human rights approach.---In de afgelopen decennia is de manier waarop naar de bescherming van kwetsbare meerderjarigen wordt gekeken, veranderd. Van een benadering waarbij de focus voornamelijk lag op bescherming is de nadruk steeds meer komen te liggen op het recht op autonomie en zelfbeschikking van de meerderjarige. De opkomst van mensen- en patiëntenrechten heeft geleid tot het ontstaan van een nieuw beschermingsparadigma. In dat kader zijn nieuwe instrumenten ontwikkeld, die meerderjarigen een grotere rol toekennen in de bescherming van hun (toekomstige) belangen. Dit is eveneens het geval in Nederland, waar meerderjarigen een levenstestament kunnen opstellen om voorzieningen te treffen voor een toekomstige periode van wilsonbekwaamheid. Dit artikel bespreekt het levenstestament, in samenhang met de traditionele rechterlijke beschermingsmaatregelen, vanuit het perspectief van het nieuwe beschermingsparadigma.
Faillissementsfraude: een queeste naar remedies voor gedupeerden in België
Authors: Verheyden R. 
Published: February 2019

Faillissementsfraude: een queeste naar remedies voor gedupeerden in België
In faillissementen met een sterk maatschappelijk belang en/of waarbij er kennelijke aanwijzingen zijn van fraude moet het Openbaar Ministerie het onderzoek voeren in België. De curator heeft daarbij een ondersteunende rol, maar moet ook in andere gevallen door de rechter-commissaris gedwongen kunnen worden onderzoek te verrichten. Bij lege boedels moet de Staat de procedurekosten dragen.
De one-tier board en de bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid van niet-uitvoerende bestuurders
Authors: Hanegraaf C.E.J.M. 
Published: February 2019

De one-tier board en de bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid van niet-uitvoerende bestuurders
Voor niet uitvoerende bestuurders gelden dezelfde aansprakelijkheidsrisico’s als voor uitvoerende bestuurders. Zij zijn namelijk bestuurders, geen commissarissen. Bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid van een rechtspersoon-bestuurder rust via artikel 2:11 BW hoofdelijk op de uitvoerende én niet uitvoerende bestuurders. De taakverdeling kan meebrengen dat niet uitvoerende bestuurders zich eerder kunnen disculperen dan uitvoerende bestuurders.
De positie van ouders in het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering vanuit Europese wetgeving bezien
Authors: van Capelleveen N.U. 
Published: February 2019

De positie van ouders in het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering vanuit Europese wetgeving bezien
In het conceptwetsvoorstel tot vaststelling van Boek 6 van het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering wordt veel aandacht besteed aan de positie van ouders in het jeugdstrafproces. Bij het opstellen van deze bepalingen heeft de wetgever de tekst van Richtlijn (EU) 2016/800 betreffende procedurele waarborgen voor kinderen die verdachte of beklaagde zijn in een strafprocedure niet meegenomen, terwijl deze richtlijn belangrijke waarborgen bevat om te verzekeren dat jeugdige verdachten hun recht op een eerlijk proces kunnen uitoefenen. In dit artikel wordt nader ingegaan op de voorgestelde bepalingen rondom de positie van ouders in het conceptwetsvoorstel en wordt onderzocht in hoeverre deze positie in overeenstemming is met de Europese richtlijn.
Les limites du droit dans la compréhension de l’afflux migratoire syrien
Authors: Gratadour Audrey 
Published: February 2019

Certains décideurs considèrent avec méfiance l’arrivée de nouveaux « migrants ». Les journalistes et les politiques y ont très certainement un rôle à jouer : ils utilisent souvent une sémantique attisant les peurs. Sur le terrain, cet état d’esprit participe à la mise en danger des personnes déplacées. Le droit pourrait-il contribuer à proposer une vision plus claire et plus compréhensible de cette situation et favoriser ainsi la protection effective de ces personnes ? Le droit est conçu comme porteur de rationalité, il apparaît utile et pertinent. Toutefois, on peut légitimement se demander si la confusion existante à propos des mouvements de population n’est pas directement liée à une défaillance du droit. L’étude des interactions entre le droit et son environnement dans le cadre de la théorie interdisciplinaire des systèmes dynamiques complexes apportera des éléments de réponse.
Low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate restriction improve cardiometabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Harvey Cliff J. d. C. , Schofield Grant M. , Zinn Caryn , Thornley Simon J. , Crofts Catherine , Merien Fabrice L. R. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundLow-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets are useful for treating a range of health conditions, but there is little research evaluating the degree of carbohydrate restriction on outcome measures. This study compares anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes between differing carbohydrate-restricted diets.ObjectiveOur hypothesis was that moderate carbohydrate restriction is easier to maintain and more effective for improving cardiometabolic health markers than greater restriction.DesignA total of 77 healthy participants were randomised to a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD), low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), or moderate-low carbohydrate diet (MCD), containing 5%, 15% and 25% total energy from carbohydrate, respectively, for 12-weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic health measures were taken at baseline and at 12 weeks. Using ANOVA, both within and between-group outcomes were analysed.ResultsOf 77 participants, 39 (51%) completed the study. In these completers overall, significant reductions in weight and body mass index occurred ((mean change) 3.7 kg/m2; 95% confidence limits (CL): 3.8, 1.8), along with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (0.49 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.06, 0.92;p= 0.03), and total cholesterol concentrations (0.11 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.00, 0.23;p= 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced by 0.12 mmol/L (95% CL; −0.20, 0.02;p= 0.02). No significant changes occurred between groups. The largest improvements in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and TG and anthropometric changes occurred for the VLCKD group.ConclusionsLow-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have a positive effect on markers of health. Adherence to the allocation of carbohydrate was more easily achieved in MCD, and LCD groups compared to VLCKD and there were comparable improvements in weight loss and waist circumference and greater improvements in HDL-c and TG with greater carbohydrate restriction.
A governança das políticas de turismo: o papel dos espaços de participação na perspectiva da análise de redes e da teoria institucional
Authors: Endres Ana Valéria , Pakman Elbio Troccoli 
Published: February 2019

Propósito: as discussões apresentadas neste artigo propõem uma leitura original sobre a participação no processo de implementação de políticas de turismo sujeita a espaços institucionalizados que visam buscar mais legitimidade do que eficiência. O estudo é sustentado por um recorte teórico que vê nas mudanças institucionais vigentes o reflexo de processos isomórficos. Objetivo: analisar como os espaços específicos de deliberação entre os atores estatais e não-estatais, projetados pelas políticas de turismo, fortalecem a nova governança. Metodologia/Abordagem: o estudo destes processos está circunscrito aos limites imaginários do campo organizacional definidos pela rede de políticas públicas de turismo na Paraíba/Brasil. Tanto o campo quanto a rede foram delineados a partir de entrevistas direcionadas, análise documental e bibliográfica e representados por sociogramas, formulados via recursos matemáticos através da Análise de Redes Sociais – ARS. Os espaços de participação analisados têm sede na capital da Paraíba, João Pessoa. Resultados: a leitura dos resultados obtidos sugere que os espaços de participação institucionalizados pela nova governança têm potencial transformador da realidade turística da Paraíba, pois influem nas ações e estratégias dos atores locais. Contudo, ainda é cedo para se avaliar se estes espaços realmente produzem mudanças institucionais significativas que aprofundem processos verdadeiramente participativos, legítimos, e também mais eficazes. Seu círculo virtuoso pode vir a instituir valores e práticas que fortaleçam a nova governança.
Variation in Glycogen Distribution among Freshwater Bivalve Tissues: Simplified Protocol and Implications
Authors: Vodáková Barbora , Douda Karel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Glycogen is a primary metabolic reserve in bivalves and can be suitable for the evaluation of bivalve condition and health status, but the use of glycogen as a diagnostic tool in aquaculture and biomonitoring is still relatively rare. A tissue biopsy combined with a simplified phenol–sulfuric acid method was used in this study to evaluate the inter- and intraindividual variation in the glycogen concentrations among several tissues (foot, mantle, gills, adductor muscle) of the unionid bivalve, the duck mussel Anodonta anatina. This short report documents that individual bivalves differ in the spatial distribution of glycogen among tissues. Sampling of different types of tissues can cause distinct results in the evaluation of energetic reserves at the individual level. At the same time, spatial variability in glycogen content has the potential to provide a more detailed evaluation of physiological conditions based on tissue-specific glycogen storage. The results obtained and the simplified methodology provide a new opportunity for researching the energetic reserves and health status of freshwater mussels in various applications.
Dose evaluation indices for total body irradiation using TomoDirect with different numbers of ports: A comparison with the TomoHelical method
Authors: Kasai Yuki , Fukuyama Yukihide , Terashima Hiromi , Nakamura Katsumasa , Sasaki Tomonari 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTomoDirect has been reported to have some advantages over TomoHelical in delivering total body irradiation (TBI). This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the number of ports and the dose evaluation indices in low‐dose TBI in TomoDirect mode using 2–12 ports and to compare these data with those for the TomoHelical mode in a simulation study. Thirteen patients underwent low‐dose TBI in TomoHelical mode from June 2015 to June 2016. We used the same computed tomography data sets for these patients to create new treatment plans for upper‐body parts using TomoDirect mode with 2–12 beam angles as well as TomoHelical mode. The prescription was 4 Gy in two equal fractions. For the TomoDirect data, we generated plans with 2–12 ports with approximately equally spaced angles; the modulation factor, field width, and pitch were 2.0, 5.0 cm, and 0.500, respectively. For the TomoHelical plans, the modulation factor, field width, and pitch were 2.0, 5.0 cm, and 0.397, respectively. D2, D98, D50, and the homogeneity index (HI) were evaluated to compare TomoDirect plans having 2–12 ports with the TomoHelical plan. Using TomoDirect plans, D2 with four ports or fewer, D98 with 10 ports or fewer, D50 with four ports or fewer and HI with five ports or fewer showed statistically significantly worse results than the TomoHelical plan. With the TomoDirect plans, D2 with seven ports or more, D50 with eight ports or more, and HI with eight ports or more showed statistically significant improvement compared with the TomoHelical plan. All of the dose evaluation indices of the TomoDirect plans showed a tendency to improve as the number of ports increased. TomoDirect plans showed statistically significant improvement of D2, D50, and HI compared with the TomoHelical plan. Therefore, we conclude that TomoDirect can provide better dose distribution in low‐dose TBI with TomoTherapy.
Fluorescence Anisotropy Reloaded—Emerging Polarization Microscopy Methods for Assessing Chromophores' Organization and Excitation Energy Transfer in Single Molecules, Particles, Films, and Beyond
Authors: Camacho Rafael , Täuber Daniela , Scheblykin Ivan G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFluorescence polarization is widely used to assess the orientation/rotation of molecules, and the excitation energy transfer between closely located chromophores. Emerging since the 1990s, single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging stimulate the application of light polarization for studying molecular organization and energy transfer beyond ensemble averaging. Here, traditional fluorescence polarization and linear dichroism methods used for bulk samples are compared with techniques specially developed for, or inspired by, single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. Techniques for assessing energy transfer in anisotropic samples, where the traditional fluorescence anisotropy framework is not readily applicable, are discussed in depth. It is shown that the concept of a polarization portrait and the single funnel approximation can lay the foundation for alternative energy transfer metrics. Examples ranging from fundamental studies of photoactive materials (conjugated polymers, light‐harvesting aggregates, and perovskite semiconductors) to Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET)‐based biomedical imaging are presented. Furthermore, novel uses of light polarization for super‐resolution optical imaging are mentioned as well as strategies for avoiding artifacts in polarization microscopy.
Superstructures of Multielement Colloidal Molecules: Efficient Pathways to Construct Reconfigurable Photonic and Phononic Crystals
Authors: Aryana Kiumars , Stahley James B. , Parvez Nishan , Kim Kristin , Zanjani Mehdi B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMotivated by recent advances in synthesis and characterization of complex colloidal building blocks, the self‐assembly behavior and transport properties of novel superstructures of multielement colloidal molecules are explored with applications in areas such as phononics, photonics, and photovoltaics. Using an analytical/computational framework, the connectivity landscape of various shapes of colloidal molecules is examined to propose new multicomponent superstructure phases that can self‐assemble from binary mixtures of these building blocks. The identified superstructures are then investigated in terms of their tunable photonic/phononic properties. The dependence of photonic bandgaps on various features of the superstructures such as building block size and shape is studied. Each superstructure is composed of at least four different types of elements, which provides a desirable framework to obtain reconfigurable metamaterials. The calculations show that a binary superstructure of tetrahedral units can result in photonic bandgaps with sizes as large as 27% for material compositions with dielectric constant difference of 15. The new superstructures formed by colloidal molecules expand the existing self‐assembly paradigms for colloidal particles. This paper also promotes future experimental and theoretical work for discovering more complex colloidal phases with a higher number of degrees of freedom to be utilized for engineering desired functional materials.
Progress and Perspective: Soft Thermoelectric Materials for Wearable and Internet‐of‐Things Applications
Authors: Zaia Edmond W. , Gordon Madeleine P. , Yuan Pengyu , Urban Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoft thermoelectric materials, including conjugated polymers and organic–inorganic hybrids, now demonstrate figures of merit approaching those of inorganic materials. These materials development breakthroughs enable the design of thermoelectric devices that exhibit appropriate efficiencies for commercial use, while simultaneously leveraging the unique processing and mechanical advantages of soft materials. Such a technology opens the door to a suite of new thermoelectric applications, including power generation for biomedical implants and the Internet of Things, or wearable heating and cooling devices. In order to realize deployment of such technologies, there is a fundamental need for deeper understanding of the complex transport physics underlying thermoelectric transport in soft materials. Here, the current state of the art in soft thermoelectrics materials is discussed, and outstanding challenges specific to organic and organic–inorganic hybrid systems are highlighted.
Recent Advances of Quantum Conductance in Memristors
Authors: Xue Wuhong , Gao Shuang , Shang Jie , Yi Xiaohui , Liu Gang , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMemristors with the filamentary switching mechanism have been acknowledged as a leading candidate for next‐generation nonvolatile memory applications, primarily due to their excellent downscaling potential, fast operation speed, low power consumption, and high switching endurance. In particular, room‐temperature quantum conductance effect can emerge as the size of the conducting filaments is reduced down to atomic scale, offering great opportunities for the physical understanding of memristive switching phenomena and the realization of ultrahigh‐density storage, logic‐in‐memory circuits, atomic scale photodetectors, and etc. This review presents a timely and comprehensive summary of the recent advances in quantum conductance in memristors. After a brief description on the evolution dynamics of conducting filaments, the experimental phenomena, theoretical understanding, effective control, and promising applications of quantum conductance in memristors are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, current challenges and future prospects concerning quantum conductance in memristors are presented.
High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Environmental Stability Based on a (p‐FC6H4C2H4NH3)2[PbI4] Capping Layer
Authors: Zhou Qin , Liang Lusheng , Hu Junjie , Cao Bingbing , Yang Longkai , Wu Tingjun , Li Xin , Zhang Bao , Gao Peng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSupported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, for the first time, a fluorinated aromatic cation, 2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)ethyl ammonium iodide (FPEAI), is introduced to grow in situ a low dimensional perovskite layer atop 3D perovskite film with excess PbI2. The resulted (p‐FC6H4C2H4NH3)2[PbI4] perovskite functions as a protective capping layer to protect the 3D perovskite from moisture. In the meantime, the thin layer facilitates charge transfer at the interfaces, thereby reducing the nonradiative recombination pathways. Laser scanning confocal microscopy unveils visually the distribution of the 2D perovskite layer on top of the 3D perovskite. When employing the 3D–2D perovskite as the absorbing layer in the photovoltaic cells, a high power conversion efficiency of 20.54% is realized. Superior device performance and moisture stability are observed with the modified perovskite over the whole stability test period.
Photoredox Defluorinative Alkylation of 1‐Trifluoromethyl Alkenes and 1,3‐Butadienes with 1,4‐Dihydropyridines as Alkylation Reagents
Authors: Chen Haoguo , Anand Devireddy , Zhou Lei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA radical defluorinative alkylation method of 1‐trifluoromethyl alkenes and 1,3‐butadienes with 4‐alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines under visible light irradiation is presented. Various alkylated 1,1‐difluoroalkenes and 1,1‐difluorodienes were obtained in moderate to high yields through a sequential C−C and C−F bond cleavage process.