bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Timing and Times for Administration of Atorvastatin-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Preclinical Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Xu Jun , Xiong Yu-Yan , Li Qing , Hu Meng-Jin , Huang Pei-Sen , Xu Jun-Yan , Tian Xia-Qiu , Jin Chen , Liu Jian-Dong , Qian Li , Yang Yue-Jin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Our previous studies showed that the combination of atorvastatin (ATV) and single injection of ATV-pretreated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (ATV-MSCs) at 1 week post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) promoted MSC recruitment and survival. This study aimed to investigate whether the combinatorial therapy of intensive ATV with multiple injections of ATV-MSCs has greater efficacy at different stages to better define the optimal strategy for MSC therapy in AMI. In order to determine the optimal time window for MSC treatment, we first assessed stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) dynamic expression and inflammation. Next, we compared MSC recruitment and differentiation, cardiac function, infarct size, and angiogenesis among animal groups with single, dual, and triple injections of ATV-MSCs at early (Early1, Early2, Early3), mid-term (Mid1, Mid2, Mid3), and late (Late1, Late2, Late3) stages. Compared with AMI control, intensive ATV significantly augmented SDF-1 expression 1.5∼2.6-fold in peri-infarcted region with inhibited inflammation. ATV-MSCs implantation with ATV administration further enhanced MSC recruitment rate by 3.9%∼24.0%, improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by 2.0%∼16.2%, and reduced infarct size in all groups 6 weeks post-AMI with most prominent improvement in mid groups and still effective in late groups. Mechanistically, ATV-MSCs remarkably suppressed inflammation and apoptosis while increasing angiogenesis. Furthermore, triple injections of ATV-MSCs were much more effective than single administration during early and mid-term stages of AMI with the best effects in Mid3 group. We conclude that the optimal strategy is multiple injections of ATV-MSCs combined with intensive ATV administration at mid-term stage of AMI. The translational potential of this strategy is clinically promising. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1068–1083
Selective Synthesis of Ethyl Methyl Carbonate via Catalytic Reactive Distillation over Heterogeneous MgO/HZSM‐5
Authors: Lv Jianhua , Cai Huanhuan , Guo Yong , Liu Wenrui , Tao Ning , Wang Hefang , Liu Jidong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEthyl methyl carbonate is selective synthesized from dimethyl carbonate and ethanol via catalytic reactive distillation ( RD) over heterogeneous MgO/HZSM‐5. It is shown that 2.3%MgO/HZSM‐5 catalyst has high catalytic activity with 99.4% conversion of ethanol ( EtOH) and 98.1% selectivity to EMC, in a RD column. The prepared catalysts is characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption‐desorption CO2‐TPD and NH3‐TPD. The high performance of this catalyst is attributed to high basicity. According to the results of CO2‐TPD, this catalyst total basicity is 1.72 mmol/g. In order to optimize the catalytic reaction, the reaction conditions, such as amount of catalyst, reflux ratio and EtOH LHSV were studied.
A Gold Nanocage/Cluster Hybrid Structure for Whole‐Body Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography Imaging, EGFR Inhibitor Delivery, and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhan Chenyue , Huang Yong , Lin Guifang , Huang Shuailing , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGold nanocages (AuNCs) and gold nanoclusters (AuClusters) are two classes of advantageous nanostructures with special optical properties, and many other attractive properties. Integrating them into one nanosystem may achieve greater and smarter performance. Herein, a hybrid gold nanostructure for fluorescent and optoacoustic tomography imaging, controlled release of drugs, and photothermal therapy (PTT) is demonstrated. For this nanodrug (EA–AB), an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib (EB) is loaded into AuNCs, which are then capped and functionalized by biocompatible AuCluster@BSA (BSA = bovine serum albumin) conjugates via electrostatic interaction. Upon cell internalization, the lysosomal proteases and low pH cause the release of EB from EA–AB, and also induce fluorescence restoration of the AuCluster for imaging. Irradiation with near‐infrared light further promotes the drug release and affords a PTT effect as well. The AuNC‐based nanodrug is optoacoustically active, and its biodistribution and metabolic process have been successfully monitored by whole‐body and 3D multispectral optoacoustic tomography imaging. Owing to the combined actions of PTT and EGFR pathway blockage, EA–AB exhibits marked tumor inhibition efficacy in vivo.
Energy‐based predictive algorithm for semi‐active tuned mass dampers
Authors: Zelleke Daniel H. , Matsagar Vasant A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThere are various control strategies proposed and implemented for the protection of structures against different types of dynamic excitations. Currently, semi‐active control devices are very popular due to their adaptability and low power requirement. In this paper, a novel energy‐based predictive (EBP) algorithm is proposed, and its effectiveness is studied when applied to semi‐active tuned mass damper (SATMD). The mechanical energy of the primary structure is taken as the key parameter to be used by the algorithm to predict a suitable value of the manipulated variable, the damping of the tuned mass damper (TMD). The choice of the damping is made such that the damping used at a time interval leads to the least possible mechanical energy of the primary structure. The efficacy of the proposed control algorithm is studied by employing the EBP algorithm on single‐story and multistory structures equipped with the SATMD. The performance of the proposed algorithm when applied to the SATMD is also compared with that with the passive TMD for similar parameters. The results of the study show that the implementation of the EBP algorithm leads to significantly reduced dynamic response as compared with the passive TMD. Furthermore, numerical studies are conducted to gain insight into the effect of various parameters such as the mass ratio, the TMD damping ratio, and the flexibility of the structure.
Improved EEMD-based standardization method for developing long tree-ring chronologies
Authors: Zhang Xianliang , Li Junxia , Liu Xiaobo , Chen Zhenju 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Long tree-ring chronologies can be developed by overlapping data from living trees with data from fossil trees through cross-dating. However, low-frequency climate signals are lost when standardizing tree-ring series due to the “segment length curse”. To alleviate the segment length curse and thus improve the standardization method for developing long tree-ring chronologies, here we first calculated a mean value for all the tree ring series by overlapping all of the tree ring series. The growth trend of the mean tree ring width (i.e., cumulated average growth trend of all the series) was determined using ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Then the chronology was developed by dividing the mean value by the growth trend of the mean value. Our improved method alleviated the problem of trend distortion. Long-term signals were better preserved using the improved method than in previous detrending methods. The chronologies developed using the improved method were better correlated with climate than those developed using conservative methods. The improved standardization method alleviates trend distortion and retains more of the low-frequency climate signals.
VARIETIES OF BURDEN IN RELIGIOUS ACCOMMODATIONS
Authors: Su Anna 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTReligious accommodation analysis often takes the form of a tripartite test. One of the factors in such a test is the presence of burden, the current judicial understandings of which have been inadequate to capture a wide range of impact that government regulations have on the individual or community practice of religion. This article considers and compares the jurisprudence of the high courts of the United States and Canada and the European Court of Human Rights and argues for an expansive understanding of the burden requirement in the evaluation of religious accommodation claims, namely to consider burden as (1) coercion, (2) impact, and (3) ratification. I argue that it is imperative to acknowledge different kinds of burden before proceeding to determine its gravity. This approach takes religion more seriously than prevailing approaches and provides for a more equitable distribution of the burden of proof in religious accommodation claims.
A macro- and micronutrient-fortified complementary food supplement reduced acute infection, improved haemoglobin and showed a dose–response effect in improving linear growth: a 12-month cluster randomised trial
Authors: Ghosh Shibani A. , Strutt Nicholas R. , Otoo Gloria E. , Suri Devika J. , Ankrah Judith , Johnson Thomas , Nsiah Paul , Furuta Chie , Murakami Hitoshi , Perera Gillian , Chui Kenneth , Bomfeh Kennedy , Amonoo-Kuofi Harold , Tano-Debrah Kwaku , Uauy Ricardo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInadequate protein quality may be a risk factor for poor growth. To examine the effect of a macronutrient–micronutrient supplement KOKO Plus (KP), provided to infants from 6 to 18 months of age, on linear growth, a single-blind cluster-randomised study was implemented in Ghana. A total of thirty-eight communities were randomly allocated to receive KP (fourteen communities,n322), a micronutrient powder (MN, thirteen communities,n329) and nutrition education (NE, eleven communities,n319). A comparison group was followed cross-sectionally (n303). Supplement delivery and morbidity were measured weekly and anthropometry monthly. NE education was provided monthly. Baseline, midline and endline measurements at 6, 12 and 18 months included venous blood draws, diet, anthropometry, morbidity, food security and socio-economics. Length-for-ageZ-score (LAZ) was the primary outcome. Analyses were intent-to-treat using mixed-effects regressions adjusted for clustering, sex, age and baseline. No differences existed in mean LAZ scores at endline (−1·219 (sd0·06) KP, −1·211 (sd0·03) MN, −1·266 (sd0·03) NE). Acute infection prevalence was lower in the KP than NE group (P= 0·043). Mean serum Hb was higher in KP infants free from acute infection (114·02 (sd1·87) g/l) than MN (107·8 (sd2·5) g/l;P= 0·047) and NE (108·8 (sd0·99) g/l;P= 0·051). Compliance was 84·9 % (KP) and 87·2 % (MN) but delivery 60 %. Adjusting for delivery and compliance, LAZ score at endline was significantly higher in the KPv.MN group (+0·2 LAZ;P= 0·026). A macro- and micronutrient-fortified supplement KP reduced acute infection, improved Hb and demonstrated a dose–response effect on LAZ adjusting consumption for delivery.
The iconicity toolbox: empirical approaches to measuring iconicity
Authors: MOTAMEDI YASAMIN , LITTLE HANNAH , NIELSEN ALAN , SULIK JUSTIN 
Published: June 2019

abstractGrowing evidence from across the cognitive sciences indicates that iconicity plays an important role in a number of fundamental language processes, spanning learning, comprehension, and online use. One benefit of this recent upsurge in empirical work is the diversification of methods available for measuring iconicity. In this paper, we provide an overview of methods in the form of a ‘toolbox’. We lay out empirical methods for measuring iconicity at a behavioural level, in the perception, production, and comprehension of iconic forms. We also discuss large-scale studies that look at iconicity on a system-wide level, based on objective measures of similarity between signals and meanings. We give a detailed overview of how different measures of iconicity can better address specific hypotheses, providing greater clarity when choosing testing methods.
Geological and geophysical study of a thin-skinned tectonic wedge formed during an early collisional stage: the Trasimeno Tectonic Wedge (Northern Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Carboni Filippo , Brozzetti Francesco , Mirabella Francesco , Cruciani Francesco , Porreca Massimiliano , Ercoli Maurizio , Back Stefan , Barchi Massimiliano R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe presence of a set of well-known turbidite successions, deposited in progressively E-migrating foredeep basins and subsequently piled up with east vergence, makes the Northern Apennines of Italy paradigmatic of the evolution of deepwater fold-and-thrust belts. This study focuses on the early Apenninic collisional stage, early Miocene in age, which led to the accretion of the turbidites of the Trasimeno Tectonic Wedge (TTW), in the central part of the Northern Apennines. Based on the interpretation of previously unpublished seismic reflection profiles with new surface geology data and tectonic balancing, we present a detailed tectonic reconstruction of the TTW. In the study area, the TTW is characterized by a W-dipping shaly basal décollement located at a depth of 1–5 km. The tectonic wedge isc. 5 km thick at its central-western part and tapers progressively eastwards toc. 1 km. The total shortening, balanced along a 33 km long cross-section, isc. 60 km, including 20 km (40%) of internal imbrication,c. 23 km of horizontal ENE-wards translation along the basal décollement andc. 17 km of passive translation caused by the later shortening of footwall units. Deformation balancing, constrained through upper Aquitanian – upper Burdigalian (c. 21–16 Ma) biostratigraphy, provides an average shortening rate ofc. 8.6 mm a–1. Internal shortening of the TTW shows an average shortening rate ofc. 4 mm a–1for this period.
Saritā and the 1950s Hindi Middlebrow Reader
Authors: MANDHWANI AAKRITI 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe article discusses Saritā, one of the best-selling Hindi magazines of the 1950s, and the part it played in the establishment of the Hindi ‘middlebrow’ reader. While a rich and vibrant journal culture in Hindi had existed since the nineteenth century, what distinguishes the post-1947 Hindi popular magazine is the emergence of the middle class as a burgeoning consumer. Saritā defied prescriptions of Nehruvian state building, as well as the right-wing discourses of nationalism and national language prevalent in the post-Independence space. In addition, it reconfigured biases towards gendered reading and consumption processes, as well as encouraging increased reader participation. This article argues for Saritā’s role in the creation of a middlebrow reading space in the period immediately following Independence, since it not only packaged what was deemed wholesome and educational for the family as a unit, but also, most significantly, promoted readership in segments, with a focus on each individual's reading desires.
Potential role of arteether on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression in experimental cerebral malaria mice and extension of their survival
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Dwivedi Hemlata , Gunjan Sarika , Chauhan Bhavana Singh , Pandey Swaroop Kumar , Tripathi Renu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCerebral malaria (CM) is the severe neurological complication causing acute non-traumatic encephalopathy in tropical countries. The mechanisms underlying the fatal cerebral complications are still not fully understood. Glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of the mammalian brain, plays a key role in the development of neuronal cells, motor function, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory processes under normal physiological conditions. The subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptor are N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) which are involved in cellular mechanisms of learning and memory, synaptic plasticity and also mediate excitotoxic neuronal injury. In the present study, we found that glutamate level in synaptosomes, as well as expression of NMDAR, was elevated during the extreme condition of CM in C57BL6 mice. Arteether at 50 mg kg−1× 1, 25 mg kg−1× 2, days decreased the NMDAR expression and increased the overall survival of the experimental CM mice.
Mobilization of Attached Clustered Colloids in Porous Media
Authors: Chequer Larissa , Bedrikovetsky Pavel , Carageorgos Themis , Badalyan Alexander , Gitis Vitaly 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe models for colloidal mobilization in porous media are often based on Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek interaction energy profiles. Despite abundant evidence on mobilization of particle clusters, the models to date have been limited to single colloid‐surface Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek calculations. We show through visualization tests, qualitative and quantitative modeling, and data evaluation, that the widely accepted single colloid‐single surface isolation does not always adequately describe colloid behavior. The experiments were performed with kaolinite and latex particles mobilized from sand grains and glass beads in a transparent visualization cell. The particles were mobilized under increasing velocity and pH and decreasing salinity. The detachment conditions were determined by a torque balance of electrostatic, drag, lifting, and gravity forces, combined with a theory of a contact area between a single soft particle and a plane surface. The tests show that the calculations based on the mechanical equilibrium of a single particle on a plane surface significantly underestimate the critical detachment velocity. A better prediction is obtained using a cluster approximation. High‐resolution images taken during mobilization tests show 2‐12 particle clusters on media surface and in its proximity. The mechanical‐equilibrium calculations show that the attaching torque for clusters with assumed size and cylindrical shape is significantly higher than that for single particles. The critical detachment velocity of clusters, derived from the mechanical‐equilibrium force and torque balances, is higher than for single particles and provides a better fit to the experimental data. Our study suggests that a cluster approximation can accurately predict the mobilization of colloids in porous media.
The Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB
Authors: Greene Chad A. , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Kearney Kelly A. , Delgado José Miguel , Schwanghart Wolfgang , Wolfenbarger Natalie S. , Thyng Kristen M. , Gwyther David E. , Gardner Alex S. , Blankenship Donald D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate science is highly interdisciplinary by nature, so understanding interactions between Earth processes inherently warrants the use of analytical software that can operate across the disciplines of Earth science. Toward this end, we present the Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB, which contains more than 100 functions that span the major climate‐related disciplines of Earth science. The toolbox enables streamlined, entirely scriptable workflows that are intuitive to write and easy to share. Included are functions to evaluate uncertainty, perform matrix operations, calculate climate indices, and generate common data displays. Documentation is presented pedagogically, with thorough explanations of how each function works and tutorials showing how the toolbox can be used to replicate results of published studies. As a well‐tested, well‐documented platform for interdisciplinary collaborations, the Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB aims to reduce time spent writing low‐level code, let researchers focus on physics rather than coding and encourage more efficacious code sharing.
ReishiMax inhibits mTORC1/2 by activating AMPK and inhibiting IGFR/PI3K/Rheb in tumor cells
Authors: Sohretoglu Didem , Zhang Chao , Luo Jun , Huang Shile 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGanoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) extracts, as dietary supplements, have been found to exert potent anticancer activity, which is attributed to the presence of polysaccharides and triterpenes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer action of G. lucidum extracts remains to be investigated. Here, we show that ReishiMax GLp, containing G. lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenes (GLPT), inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in human lung cancer cells (A549 and A427) and simultaneously suppressed the signaling pathways of mammalian target of rapamycin complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2), respectively. Mechanistically, GLPT downregulated the phosphorylation and protein levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) as well as the protein level of RAS homolog enriched in brain (Rheb). In addition, GLPT also activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) network. This was evidenced by observations that GLPT increased the phosphorylation of AMPKα (T172) and its substrates tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2, S1387) and regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (raptor, S792). Ectopic expression of dominant-negative AMPKα partially mitigated the inhibitory effect of GLPT on mTORC1, indicating that GLPT inhibits mTORC1 partly by activating AMPK. The results suggest that G. lucidum extracts exert anticancer action at least partly by suppressing mTORC1/2 signaling via activation of AMPK and inhibition of IGFR/PI3K/Rheb in tumor cells.
Modulation of extrasynaptic GABAA alpha 5 receptors in the ventral hippocampus normalizes physiological and behavioral deficits in a circuit specific manner
Authors: Donegan J. J. , Boley A. M. , Yamaguchi J. , Toney G. M. , Lodge D. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHippocampal hyperactivity is correlated with psychosis in schizophrenia patients and likely attributable to deficits in GABAergic signaling. Here we attempt to reverse this deficit by overexpression of the α5-GABAA receptor within the ventral hippocampus (vHipp). Indeed, this is sufficient to normalize vHipp activity and downstream alterations in dopamine neuron function in the MAM rodent model. This approach also attenuated behavioral deficits in cognitive flexibility. To understand the specific pathways that mediate these effects, we used chemogenetics to manipulate discrete projections from the vHipp to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We found that inhibition of the vHipp-NAc, but not the vHipp-mPFC pathway, normalized aberrant dopamine neuron activity. Conversely, inhibition of the vHipp-mPFC improved cognitive function. Taken together, these results demonstrate that restoring GABAergic signaling in the vHipp improves schizophrenia-like deficits and that distinct behavioral alterations are mediated by discrete projections from the vHipp to the NAc and mPFC.
FGFR4 overexpression and hotspot mutations in metastatic ER+ breast cancer are enriched in the lobular subtype
Authors: Levine Kevin M. , Priedigkeit Nolan , Basudan Ahmed , Tasdemir Nilgun , Sikora Matthew J. , Sokol Ethan S. , Hartmaier Ryan J. , Ding Kai , Ahmad Nedah Z. , Watters Rebecca J. , Weiss Kurt R. , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Denkert Carsten , Machleidt Anna , Karsten Maria M. , Boisen Michelle M. , Elishaev Esther , Lucas Peter C. , Lee Adrian V. , Oesterreich Steffi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is an understudied subtype of breast cancer that requires novel therapies in the advanced setting. To study acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in ILC, we have recently performed RNA-Sequencing on long-term estrogen deprived cell lines and identified FGFR4 overexpression as a top druggable target. Here, we show that FGFR4 expression also increases dramatically in endocrine-treated distant metastases, with an average fold change of 4.8 relative to the paired primary breast tumor for ILC, and 2.4-fold for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). In addition, we now report that FGFR4 hotspot mutations are enriched in metastatic breast cancer, with an additional enrichment for ILC, suggesting a multimodal selection of FGFR4 activation. These data collectively support the notion that FGFR4 is an important mediator of endocrine resistance in ILC, warranting future mechanistic studies on downstream signaling of overexpressed wild-type and mutant FGFR4.