bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International multidisciplinary expert panel consensus on breast reconstruction and radiotherapy
Authors: Nava M B , Benson J R , Audretsch W , Blondeel P , Catanuto G , Clemens M W , Cordeiro P G , De Vita R , Hammond D C , Jassem J , Lozza L , Orecchia R , Pusic A L , Rancati A , Rezai M , Scaperrotta G , Spano A , Winters Z E , Rocco N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Conflicting evidence challenges clinical decision-making when breast reconstruction is considered in the context of radiotherapy. Current literature was evaluated and key statements on topical issues were generated and discussed by an expert panel at the International Oncoplastic Breast Surgery Meeting in Milan 2017.

Methods
Studies on radiotherapy and breast reconstruction (1985 to September 2017) were screened using MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL. The literature review yielded 30 controversial key questions. A set of key statements was derived and the highest levels of clinical evidence (LoE) for each of these were summarized. Nineteen panellists convened for dedicated discussions at the International Oncoplastic Breast Surgery Meeting to express agreement, disagreement or abstention for the generated key statements.

Results
The literature review identified 1522 peer-reviewed publications. A list of 22 key statements was produced, with the highest LoE recorded for each statement. These ranged from II to IV, with most statements (11 of 22, 50 per cent) supported by LoE III. There was full consensus for nine (41 per cent) of the 22 key statements, and more than 75 per cent agreement was reached for half (11 of 22).

Conclusion
Poor evidence exists on which to base patient-informed consent. Low-quality studies are conflicting with wide-ranging treatment options, precluding expert consensus regarding optimal type and timing of breast reconstruction in the context of radiotherapy. There is a need for high-quality evidence from prospective registries and randomized trials in this field.
Role of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α as a potential biomarker for renal diseases—A systematic review
Authors: Encinas Jéssica Freitas Araújo , Foncesca Carlos Henrique , Perez Matheus Moreira , Simões Diogo Pimenta , da Costa Aguiar Alves Beatriz , Bacci Marcelo Rodrigues , Maifrino Laura Beatriz Mesiano , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , da Veiga Glaucia Luciano 
Published: July 2019

Renal cells need oxygen for homeostasis; it is known for adjusting cellular functioning and the energy obtainment have a broad relationship with cellular respiration, through the O2 bioavailability. O2 homeostasis regulation in the kidney is mediated by hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). HIF is divided into three α isoforms, represented by HIF‐1α, HIF‐2α, and HIF‐3α in addition to three paralogs of HIF‐1β; these are involved in some metabolic processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Renal biopsy analyses of patients and experimental animal models aim to understand the relationship between HIF and protection against developing renal diseases or the induction of their onset, being thus this molecule can be considered a potential biomarker of renal disease. We carried out a systematic review to which we included studies on HIF‐1α and renal disease in the last 5 years (2013‐2018) in researches with humans and/or animal model through searches in three databases: LILACS, PubMed, and SciELO by two researchers. We obtained 22 articles that discussed the relationship with HIF as inductor or protector against renal disease and no relation between HIF and renal. We observed controversies remain regarding the relation between of HIF with renal diseases; this may be related to the different intracellular pathways mediated by HIF‐1α, thereby determining differentiated cellular responses.
Structural characterization of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) starch
Authors: Zhong Yingxin , Mogoginta Juan , Gayin Joseph , Annor George Amponsah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesIntermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, IWG), a perennial, is currently being developed into a food crop that can be used in mainstream food systems. This study focused on characterizing starches extracted from IWG kernels harvested in Roseau (IWG‐RS) and Rosemount (IWG‐RM) in Minnesota, USA, and compared with starches from Jasmine rice (JR) and hard red wheat (HRW). Thermal properties, size distribution, granule size and morphology, and the unit and internal chain profile of extracted starches were evaluated.FindingsThe amylose contents of IWG‐RS and IWG‐RM were 30.7% and 30.4%, respectively. IWG starches had the lowest gelatinization temperatures. Enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) of HRW was similar to that of IWG‐RM. The λmax of the starches suggests that the amylose chains and internal chains of the IWG starches were longer than those of HRW and JR. IWG‐RM has the least β‐limit dextrin and longer external chain. Unit and internal chain profiles of amylopectins between IWGs were similar.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the properties of IWG starches were similar to those of wheat. Differences in some starch properties were also observed between the IWG grown at different locations.Significance and noveltyThis is the first report on the unit and internal chain profile of IWG. Understanding the microstructure of starch from IWG can potentially optimize its chemical functionality.
Natural Compounds Gallic Acid Derivatives for Long‐Life Li/Na Organic Batteries
Authors: Xia Tianlai , Wang Yingqian , Wang Binshen , Yang Zhixiong , Pan Guangxing , Zhang Ling , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLi/Na organic batteries have attracted the attention of researchers because of their flexibility, lightweight, and recyclability compared to the metal oxide‐based Li/Na‐ion batteries. The low specific capacity is a major problem for the application of Li/Na organic batteries. Herein, we found that the green and natural gallic acid derivatives, ellagic acid (EA, dimer) and tannic acid (TA, oligomer) are good anode materials for Li‐ and Na‐ion batteries due to their π‐π conjugated structures and abundant carbonyl, carboxyl, phenolic groups. Outstanding electrochemical performance in specific capacity and cycling stability are exhibited. 644, 364, 195, and 162 mAh g−1 for EA and 297, 451, 465, and 265 mAh g−1 for TA are obtained for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) at current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 A g−1 after 150, 250, 500, 1000 cycles, respectively. The specific capacities of EA and TA LIBs are higher than those of organic LIBs and can be comparable with metal oxide LIBs. And the cycling stabilities of EA and TA LIBs are better. Meanwhile, EA and TA are universal anode materials, which enable us to construct Na‐ion batteries that show specific capacity of 105 mAh g−1 for EA and 46 mAh g−1 for TA at 50 mA g−1 after 350 cycles. This work provides us important inspirations for exploring organic materials from nature, which can be applied in green and high‐performance energy‐storage devices.
Enantiopure 4‐oxazolin‐2‐ones and 4‐methylene‐2‐oxazolidinones as chiral building blocks in a divergent asymmetric synthesis of heterocycles
Authors: Santoyo Blanca M. , González‐Romero Carlos , Zárate‐Zárate Daniel , Hernández‐Benitez R. Israel , Pelayo Vanessa , Barrera Edson , Escalante Carlos H. , Fuentes‐Benites Aydeé , Martínez‐Morales Guadalupe , López Julio , Vázquez Miguel A. , Delgado Francisco , Jiménez‐Vázquez Hugo A. , Tamariz Joaquín 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnantiopure 3‐((R)‐ and 3‐((S)‐1‐phenylethyl)‐4‐oxazoline‐2‐ones were evaluated as chiral building blocks for the divergent construction of heterocycles with stereogenic quaternary centers. The N‐(R)‐ or N‐(S)‐1‐phenylethyl group of these compounds proved to be an efficient chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric induction of the 4‐ and 5‐positions of the 4‐oxazolin‐2‐one ring through thermal and MW‐promoted nucleophilic conjugated addition to Michael acceptors and alkyl halides. The resulting adducts were transformed via a cascade process into fused six‐membered carbo‐ and heterocycles. The structure of the reaction products depended on the electrophiles and reaction conditions used. Alternative isomeric 4‐methylene‐2‐oxazolidinones served as chiral precursors for a versatile and divergent approach to highly substituted cyclic carbamates. DFT quantum calculations showed that the formation of bicyclic pyranyl compounds was generated by a diastereoselective concerted hetero‐Diels‐Alder cycloaddition.
Spectroscopy for model heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Kartouzian Aras 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysis has vastly benefited from investigations performed on model systems under well‐controlled conditions. The application of most of the techniques utilized for such studies is not feasible for asymmetric reactions as enantiomers possess identical physical and chemical properties unless while interacting with polarized light and other chiral entities. A thorough investigation of a heterogeneous asymmetric catalytic process should include probing the catalyst prior to, during, and after the reaction as well as the analysis of reaction products to evaluate the achieved enantiomeric excess. I present recent studies that demonstrate the strength of chiroptical spectroscopic methods to tackle the challenges in investigating model heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis covering all the abovementioned aspects.
Determination of clay content in Canadian oil sands using x‐ray florescence spectroscopy for diagnosis of ore processability
Authors: Li An , Xu Zhenghe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, a simple and robust method based on the use of x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to measure potassium content as an indicator of illite in oil sands was proposed and tested. The XRF results of illite determination were compared with those determined using the conventional methylene blue titration (MBT) method. To test the suitability of the XRF method for determining illite content in various streams of oil sands processing as a diagnosis tool, a toluene‐diluted‐bitumen solution was used to contaminate solid surfaces prior to their analysis by the XRF and MBT methods. In order to remove the organic matter from the bitumen‐contaminated solids for evaluating the XRF and MBT method, toluene washing and low temperature ashing were applied to the bitumen‐contaminated solids prior to their analysis. The robustness of the XRF analysis in comparison with the MBT method was further confirmed by analyzing the solids extracted from bitumen froth and tailings stream. The results show that the XRF method was more tolerant to surface contamination and therefore more reliable in determining illite content in oil sands and relevant processing streams. It was also found that the potassium contents measured by the XRF method on solids from 10 ores show a strong correlation with the corresponding fines contents of these ores, indicating that the XRF method can potentially be used to determine the fines content of oil sands and related processing streams.
Design and Biological Evaluation of Manganese‐ and Ruthenium‐Based Hybrid CO‐RMs (HYCOs)
Authors: Ollivier Anthony , Foresti Roberta , El Ali Zeina , Martens Thierry , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Motterlini Roberto , Rivard Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInterest in the therapeutic effects of carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme degradation catalyzed by the enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), has led to the development of CO‐releasing molecules (CO‐RMs) for the controlled delivery of this gas in vivo. We recently proposed conjugating a cobalt‐based CO‐RM with various activators of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor that regulates HO‐1 expression, in order to exploit the beneficial effects of exogenous and endogenous CO. In this study, we describe the preparation of hybrid molecules (termed HYCOs) conjugating a fumaric acid derivative as an Nrf2 activator to a Mn‐ or a Ru‐based CO‐RM known to be pharmacologically active. With the exception of an acyl‐manganese complex, these hybrids were obtained by associating the two bioactive entities by means of a linker of variable structure. X‐ray diffraction analyses and preliminary biological investigations are also presented.
Strain, strain rate, and mechanical power: An optimization comparison for oscillatory ventilation
Authors: Herrmann Jacob , Tawhai Merryn H. , Kaczka David W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the potential for optimization of mechanical ventilator waveforms using multiple frequencies of oscillatory flow delivered simultaneously to minimize the risk of ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI) associated with regional strain, strain rate, and mechanical power. Optimization was performed using simulations of distributed oscillatory flow and gas transport in a computational model of anatomically derived branching airway segments and viscoelastic terminal acini under healthy and injured conditions. Objective functions defined by regional strain or strain rate were minimized by single‐frequency ventilation waveforms using the highest or lowest frequencies available, respectively. However, a mechanical power objective function was minimized by a combination of multiple frequencies delivered simultaneously. This simulation study thus demonstrates the potential for multifrequency oscillatory ventilation to reduce regional mechanical power in comparison to single‐frequency ventilation, and thereby reduce the risk of VILI.
A low leakage TG‐CNTFET–based inexact full adder for low power image processing applications
Authors: Goyal Candy , Ubhi Jagpal Singh , Raj Balwinder 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a highly stable, low leakage inexact full adder (FA) which is based on top gate carbon nanotube field effect transistors (TG‐CNTFET) for motion detector applications. Inexact arithmetic circuits are highly accepted in low power multimedia applications. Circuit level metrics, ie, average power, propagation delay, power‐delay product (PDP), and leakage power dissipation as well as application level metric such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are considered to compare the performance of proposed inexact FA. All the simulations are performed using HSPICE tool with Stanford 32‐nm TG‐CNTFET model. The operating frequency used for simulation is 1‐Ghz with 0.9‐V supply voltage. Proposed inexact FA successfully achieve manifold reduction in leakage power as well as consume 89.2% lesser energy as compared with latest existing inexact FA while having other parameters in acceptable range. Simulations using MATLAB show satisfactory image quality and PSNR value for motion detection applications. The effect of variations in voltage and temperature on leakage power is also presented which confirms stability of the proposed circuit.
Gas mixture effects on ion‐beam flux characteristics from dense plasma focus device: Investigation by the Vlasov–Maxwell equations and experiments
Authors: Barati Hadi , Habibi Morteza 
Published: July 2019

The Vlasov–Maxwell equations were numerically solved to calculate the ion‐beam flux from the plasma of argon and the plasma of mixtures of argon and neon. Some experiments were performed to measure the ion beam from the Amirkabir plasma focus (APF) device. The calculations have shown that the argon ion‐beam flux peaked up to 1.928 × 1030 ions m−2 s−1 at the optimum pressure of 1.866 mbar while the neon‐argon mixture's ion‐beam flux reached a maximum of 4.301 × 1030 ions m−2 s−1 for 15% neon admixture at the optimum pressure of 1.866 mbar. The calculated kinetic energy of the ion beam has shown a maximum value of 708.7 J for the mixture of 85% argon‐15% neon at the mentioned optimum pressure.
Intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation: Case report with cytomorphology, immunocytochemistry, and review of the literature focusing on cytology
Authors: Ren Wen‐hao , Dong Kun , Huang Xiao‐zheng , Zhu Yan‐li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntrathyroidal thymic carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor of the thyroid gland with thymic epithelial differentiation; it is the malignant counterpart of ectopic thymoma of the thyroid gland and histologically resembles thymic carcinoma. Given its favorable prognostic course, preoperative cytological diagnosis is important to distinguish this neoplasm from other more aggressive thyroid neoplasms that can have similar or overlapping cytomorphological features. However, there is little information about the cytology of this disease available in the literature, even in the latest fourth edition of World Health Organization classification of tumors of endocrine organs. Here, we report a case of intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation in a 33‐year‐old woman and present a review of the literature.
Effect of IS01957, a para‐coumaric acid derivative on pharmacokinetic modulation of diclofenac through oral route for augmented efficacy
Authors: Sharma Anjna , Gour Abhishek , Bhatt Shipra , Rath Santosh K. , Malik Tanveer A. , Dogra Ashish , Sangwan Payare L. , Koul Surrinder , Abdullah Sheikh Tasduq , Singh Gurdarshan , Nandi Utpal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiclofenac is one of the world's largest selling nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The major concerns related to oral diclofenac therapy are gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects for which explicitly emphasis has been given to use it at lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. On the other hand, IS01957 has been designed under the purview of anti‐inflammatory drug and bioavailability enhancer. IS01957 have dual action on inflammation and nociception with acceptable safety profile. In the quest for a suitable combination with improved therapeutic efficacy and better tolerability, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction studies were performed for diclofenac with or without IS01957 in mice model. Results showed that IS01957 enhanced both anti‐inflammatory effect and plasma concentration of diclofenac upon concomitant oral administration. These interesting results steered to enumerate the possible role of IS01957 towards diclofenac pharmacokinetics through a panel of mechanistic investigations: (a) BCRP dependent ATPase activity was markedly interfered by IS01957; (b) IS01957 increased the intestinal permeability of diclofenac in the single pass in‐situ perfusion model; (c) IS01957 inhibited the CYP2C9 catalyzed diclofenac 4‐hydroxylation in human liver microsomes. Immunoblotting results suggest that diclofenac action was improved significantly in the presence of IS01957 involving MAPK pathways. Finally acute gastric damage study showed that IS01957 in combination with diclofenac was better to improve the desired PGE2 level as compare to alone. In nutshell, IS01957 have potential to augment the efficacy of diclofenac through pharmacokinetic modulation. Further investigations are required for dose reduction of diclofenac to combat its liabilities before going into clinical setting.
Task‐avoidant behaviour and dyslexia: A follow‐up from Grade 2 to age 20
Authors: Syal Samira , Torppa Minna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTask‐avoidant behaviour is correlated with reading skills and may have an impact on achieving educational and occupation goals in the long run. Longitudinal studies on task avoidance and its links to reading difficulties are non‐existent, however. The present study examines changes and stability of task‐avoidant behaviour from childhood (Grade 2), through adolescence (Grades 7 and 9), to early adulthood (age 20) among participants identified with (n= 46) and without dyslexia (n= 151) at Grade 2, with gender effects also examined. Results showed significant changes in task avoidance from Grade 2 to Grade 7 and from Grade 9 to age 20, wherein task avoidance increased from Grade 2 to Grade 9 and then decreased until age 20. Furthermore, low correlations obtained between task avoidance assessments over time indicated instability; thus, task avoidance at one point did not predict task avoidance later on. Differences between those with and without dyslexia emerged only at Grade 2, with higher task avoidance reported in the dyslexia group. Finally, no significant gender‐related effects were found for task avoidance at any time point. Together, our findings imply that although task avoidance may be linked to dyslexia in the parental reports of the young study participants, this association does not persist in participants' self‐reports at later ages.
Tree diversity drives associational resistance to herbivory at both forest edge and interior
Authors: Guyot Virginie , Jactel Hervé , Imbaud Baptiste , Burnel Laurent , Castagneyrol Bastien , Heinz Wilfried , Deconchat Marc , Vialatte Aude 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTree diversity is increasingly acknowledged as an important driver of insect herbivory. However, there is still a debate about the direction of associational effects that can range from associational resistance (i.e., less damage in mixed stands than in monocultures) to the opposite, associational susceptibility. Discrepancies among published studies may be due to the overlooked effect of spatially dependent processes such as tree location within forests. We addressed this issue by measuring crown defoliation and leaf damage made by different guilds of insect herbivores on oaks growing among conspecific versus heterospecific neighbors at forest edges versus interior, in two closed sites in SW France forests. Overall, oaks were significantly less defoliated among heterospecific neighbors (i.e., associational resistance), at both forest edge and interior. At the leaf level, guild diversity and leaf miner herbivory significantly increased with tree diversity regardless of oak location within stands. Other guilds showed no clear response to tree diversity or oak location. We showed that herbivore response to tree diversity varied among insect feeding guilds but not between forest edges and interior, with inconsistent patterns between sites. Importantly, we show that oaks were more defoliated in pure oak plots than in mixed plots at both edge and forest interior and that, on average, defoliation decreased with increasing tree diversity from one to seven species. We conclude that edge conditions could be interacting with tree diversity to regulate insect defoliation, but future investigations are needed to integrate them into the management of temperate forests, notably by better understanding the role of the landscape context.
The effect of multiple natural enemies on a shared herbivore prey
Authors: Klapwijk Maartje J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Natural enemy diversity is thought to be important for effective suppression of herbivores in production systems. Studies investigating the importance of the diversity and composition of the natural enemy complex often use within‐year empirical studies or experimental exclusion setups.

However, within‐year population suppression might not translate in long‐term population regulation. Therefore, I used a combination of long‐term data collection and an exclusion experiment to investigate mechanisms behind year‐to‐year population changes and potential effects of disturbance of the natural enemy complex.

Using the holly leaf miner study system in Wytham Woods, I find that the dominant predator in the system does not necessarily contribute the most to the reduction in year‐to‐year changes in mine density or within‐patch fluctuations. Using the exclusion experiment, it becomes clear that parasitism later in the prey life cycle can to a certain level compensate for disruption of mortality in the earlier life stage of the prey.

Thus, for host suppression in perennial systems the mortality pressure over the whole life cycle is important and disturbance during one part of the life cycle might not necessarily be buffered by mortality in other parts of the life cycle, especially if the natural enemy complex consists of multiple predator guilds.