bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustered or dispersed: testing the effect of sampling strategy to census burrow-nesting petrels with varied distributions at sub-Antarctic Marion Island
Authors: Dilley Ben J. , Hedding David W. , Henry Dominic A.W. , Rexer-Huber Kalinka , Parker Graham C. , Schoombie Stefan , Osborne Alexis , Ryan Peter G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe compared systematic and random survey techniques to estimate breeding population sizes of burrow-nesting petrel species on Marion Island. White-chinned (Procellaria aequinoctialis) and blue (Halobaena caerulea) petrel population sizes were estimated in systematic surveys (which attempt to count every colony) in 2009 and 2012, respectively. In 2015, we counted burrows of white-chinned, blue and great-winged (Pterodroma macroptera) petrels within 52 randomized strip transects (25 m wide, total 144 km). Burrow densities were extrapolated by Geographic Information System-derived habitat attributes (geology, vegetation, slope, elevation, aspect) to generate island-wide burrow estimates. Great-winged petrel burrows were found singly or in small groups at low densities (2 burrows ha−1); white-chinned petrel burrows were in loose clusters at moderate densities (3 burrows ha−1); and blue petrel burrows were in tight clusters at high densities (13 burrows ha−1). The random survey estimated 58% more white-chinned petrels but 42% fewer blue petrels than the systematic surveys. The results suggest that random transects are best suited for species that are widely distributed at low densities, but become increasingly poor for estimating population sizes of species with clustered distributions. Repeated fixed transects provide a robust way to monitor changes in colony density and area, but might fail to detect the formation/disappearance of new colonies.
Maternal depression symptoms, child behavior problems, and their transactional relations: Probing the role of formal childcare
Authors: Paquin Chantal , Castellanos-Ryan Natalie , Vitaro Frank , Côté Sylvana M. , Tremblay Richard E. , Séguin Jean R. , Boivin Michel , Herba Catherine M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmong children exposed to elevated maternal depression symptoms (MDS), recent studies have demonstrated reduced internalizing and externalizing problems for those who have attended formal childcare (i.e., center-based, family-based childcare). However, these studies did not consider whether childcare attendance is associated with benefits for the child only or also with reduced MDS. Using a four-wave longitudinal cross-lagged model, we evaluated whether formal childcare attendance was associated with MDS or child behavior problems and whether it moderated longitudinal associations between MDS and child behavior problems and between child behavior problems and MDS. The sample was drawn from a population-based cohort study and consisted of 908 biologically related mother–child dyads, followed from 5 months to 5 years. Attending formal childcare was not associated with MDS or child behavior problems but moderated the association between MDS at 3.5 years and child internalizing and externalizing problems at 5 years as well as between girls’ externalizing problems at 3.5 years and MDS at 5 years. No other moderation of formal childcare was found. Findings suggest that attending formal childcare reduces the risks of behavior problems in the context of MDS but also the risk of MDS in the context of girls’ externalizing problems.
Bubbles and Dust: Experimental Results of Dissolution Rates of Metal Salts and Glasses From Volcanic Ash Deposits in Terms of Surface Area, Chemistry, and Human Health Impacts
Authors: Wygel C. M. , Peters S. C. , McDermott J. M. , Sahagian D. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExplosive volcanic eruptions lead to ash deposition and subsequent leaching of contaminants into soils or surface water, impacting flora and fauna, including human health. This study determined the control of ash surface area and chemical composition on ash dissolution rates. Fresh, unhydrated ash samples from four contrasting volcanoes were analyzed in the laboratory. Column leachate tests were used to compare leaching rates over a range of basaltic to andesitic ashes as a function of time and surface area, to analyze the effects of ash deposition. It was found that surface area, measured both geometrically and by multipoint Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis, generally increases for a short time, gradually decreases, then increases over the rest of the leaching experiment, due to area to mass ratio fluctuations. After the column leachate tests, postleaching water analyses for elemental compositions were conducted by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. Steady state dissolution rates initially decayed rapidly due to the smallest size fraction of ash (dust), which provides a large area of fresh leachable surfaces as well as the rapid dissolution of highly soluble metal salts. Some of the dissolved concentrations of elements relevant to human and ecosystem health such as F, Cd, Se, As, and Cr rose above World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards within an hour of experimental leaching. In nature, however, safe consumption standards are further dependent upon bioaccumulation and chronic exposure. As such, individual and recurring ash deposition events have applications to emergency response and preparedness in volcanic regions.
Sensitivity of Surface Temperature to Land Use and Land Cover Change‐Induced Biophysical Changes: The Scale Issue
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Liang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile the signs of the sensitivities of surface temperature (Ts) to land use and land cover change‐induced biophysical changes are relatively well understood, their exact magnitude and how their magnitude depends on the scale characterizing the size of the change remain elusive. In this study, we compare the sensitivities of surface temperature to changes in surface albedo and surface water availability from three analytical/semianalytical models, which are designed for small (<1 km), intermediate (from ∼1 to ∼10 km), and large (>10–20 km) scales. Results suggest that the sensitivities of surface temperature to biophysical changes are scale dependent due to atmospheric feedbacks. Our results demonstrate that it is important to consider the scale and the associated atmospheric feedbacks when quantifying the sensitivities of surface temperature to biophysical changes.
An Improved ENSO Ensemble Forecasting Strategy Based on Multiple Coupled Model Initialization Parameters
Authors: Wang Yanfeng , Huang Ping , Wang Lei , Wang Pengfei , Wei Ke , Zhang Zhihua , Yan Bangliang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccurate prediction of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at relatively long timescales is propitious to forecasting other climate variables and meteorological disasters. Here, we use a coupled general circulation model, ICMv2, to investigate the influence of an initialization parameter, sea surface temperature (SST)‐nudging strength, on ENSO prediction skill in the model's 1981–2010 hindcast experiments and suggest a multiple initialization parameter ensemble (MIPE) forecast as a new ensemble forecasting strategy to improve ENSO prediction skill. Different SST‐nudging strengths produce different ENSO prediction skill via the generated various initial values. Selecting initial values closest to the observed SST (represented by reanalysis data) and increasing the ensemble size is inefficient in improving the skill of single initialization parameter ensemble (SIPE) forecasts. With ensemble members from different SST‐nudging strength groups, the MIPE forecasts are significantly more skillful than the SIPE forecasts at 1‐ to 10‐month lead time. More than 96% of 20,000 MIPE experiments generated by a Monte Carlo approach have larger anomaly correlation coefficient than SIPE at 1‐ to 9‐month lead time. Our findings suggest that MIPE forecasting is another efficient strategy that can improve ENSO prediction skill besides multimodel and multimember ensembles using different initial values with random disturbances.
Non-invasive determination of murine placental and foetal functional parameters with multispectral optoacoustic tomography
Authors: Basak Kausik , Luís Deán-Ben Xosé , Gottschalk Sven , Reiss Michael , Razansky Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite the importance of placental function in embryonic development, it remains poorly understood and challenging to characterize, primarily due to the lack of non-invasive imaging tools capable of monitoring placental and foetal oxygenation and perfusion parameters during pregnancy. We developed an optoacoustic tomography approach for real-time imaging through entire ~4 cm cross-sections of pregnant mice. Functional changes in both maternal and embryo regions were studied at different gestation days when subjected to an oxygen breathing challenge and perfusion with indocyanine green. Structural phenotyping of the cross-sectional scans highlighted different internal organs, whereas multi-wavelength acquisitions enabled non-invasive label-free spectroscopic assessment of blood-oxygenation parameters in foeto-placental regions, rendering a strong correlation with the amount of oxygen administered. Likewise, the placental function in protecting the embryo from extrinsically administered agents was substantiated. The proposed methodology may potentially further serve as a probing mechanism to appraise embryo development during pregnancy in the clinical setting.
Enzyme-treated orange pomace alters acute glycemic response to orange juice
Authors: Huang Yancui , Park Eunyoung , Replogle Rebecca , Boileau Thomas , Shin Jin-E. , Burton-Freeman Britt M. , Edirisinghe Indika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to determine the impact of the addition of enzyme-treated orange pomace to orange juice on postprandial glycemic response. Ten healthy subjects (aged 27.9 ± 7.7 years, body mass index 22.1 ± 1.1 kg m−2) participated in a randomized, 2-arm, cross-over clinical trial to test the glycemic response to 100% orange juice (OJ) or 100% orange juice with 5 g of enzyme-treated orange pomace fiber (OPF). Blood samples were collected and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting (0 min) and every 15 min for 2 h after consuming the study juice products. Analysis of the 2 h incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–2h) indicated a significant reduction in blood glucose after ingesting the OPF juice compared to the OJ, p = 0.02. Peak glucose concentrations were also lowered after the OPF juice compared to the OJ, p < 0.05. No significant difference was observed in insulin responses between treatments, p > 0.05. Overall, this study demonstrated that adding 5 g of fiber from orange pomace into a serving of OJ attenuated the postprandial glucose response.
Mekong delta much lower than previously assumed in sea-level rise impact assessments
Authors: Minderhoud P. S. J. , Coumou L. , Erkens G. , Middelkoop H. , Stouthamer E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeltas are low-relief landforms that are extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise. Impact assessments of relative sea-level rise in deltas primarily depend on elevation data accuracy and how well the vertical datum matches local sea level. Unfortunately, many major deltas are located in data-sparse regions, forcing researchers and policy makers to use low-resolution, global elevation data obtained from satellite platforms. Using a new, high-accuracy elevation model of the Vietnamese Mekong delta, we show that quality of global elevation data is insufficient and underscore the cruciality to convert to local tidal datum, which is often neglected. The novel elevation model shows that the Mekong delta has an extremely low mean elevation of ~0.8 m above sea level, dramatically lower than the earlier assumed ~2.6 m. Our results imply major uncertainties in sea-level rise impact assessments for the Mekong delta and deltas worldwide, with errors potentially larger than a century of sea-level rise.
Blood–brain barrier permeable nano immunoconjugates induce local immune responses for glioma therapy
Authors: Galstyan Anna , Markman Janet L. , Shatalova Ekaterina S. , Chiechi Antonella , Korman Alan J. , Patil Rameshwar , Klymyshyn Dmytro , Tourtellotte Warren G. , Israel Liron L. , Braubach Oliver , Ljubimov Vladimir A. , Mashouf Leila A. , Ramesh Arshia , Grodzinski Zachary B. , Penichet Manuel L. , Black Keith L. , Holler Eggehard , Sun Tao , Ding Hui , Ljubimov Alexander V. , Ljubimova Julia Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBrain glioma treatment with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (a-CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (a-PD-1) was largely unsuccessful due to their inability to cross blood–brain barrier (BBB). Here we describe targeted nanoscale immunoconjugates (NICs) on natural biopolymer scaffold, poly(β-L-malic acid), with covalently attached a-CTLA-4 or a-PD-1 for systemic delivery across the BBB and activation of local brain anti-tumor immune response. NIC treatment of mice bearing intracranial GL261 glioblastoma (GBM) results in an increase of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and macrophages with a decrease of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the brain tumor area. Survival of GBM-bearing mice treated with NIC combination is significantly longer compared to animals treated with single checkpoint inhibitor-bearing NICs or free a-CTLA-4 and a-PD-1. Our study demonstrates trans-BBB delivery of tumor-targeted polymer-conjugated checkpoint inhibitors as an effective GBM treatment via activation of both systemic and local privileged brain tumor immune response.
Ultra-long coherence times amongst room-temperature solid-state spins
Authors: Herbschleb E. D. , Kato H. , Maruyama Y. , Danjo T. , Makino T. , Yamasaki S. , Ohki I. , Hayashi K. , Morishita H. , Fujiwara M. , Mizuochi N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSolid-state single spins are promising resources for quantum sensing, quantum-information processing and quantum networks, because they are compatible with scalable quantum-device engineering. However, the extension of their coherence times proves challenging. Although enrichment of the spin-zero 12C and 28Si isotopes drastically reduces spin-bath decoherence in diamond and silicon, the solid-state environment provides deleterious interactions between the electron spin and the remaining spins of its surrounding. Here we demonstrate, contrary to widespread belief, that an impurity-doped (phosphorus) n-type single-crystal diamond realises remarkably long spin-coherence times. Single electron spins show the longest inhomogeneous spin-dephasing time ($$T_2^ \ast \approx 1.5$$

T

2

*

≈
1.5
ms) and Hahn-echo spin-coherence time (T2 ≈ 2.4 ms) ever observed in room-temperature solid-state systems, leading to the best sensitivities. The extension of coherence times in diamond semiconductor may allow for new applications in quantum technology.
Emerging epigenomic landscapes of pancreatic cancer in the era of precision medicine
Authors: Lomberk Gwen , Dusetti Nelson , Iovanna Juan , Urrutia Raul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenetic studies have advanced our understanding of pancreatic cancer at a mechanistic and translational level. Genetic concepts and tools are increasingly starting to be applied to clinical practice, in particular for precision medicine efforts. However, epigenomics is rapidly emerging as a promising conceptual and methodological paradigm for advancing the knowledge of this disease. More importantly, recent studies have uncovered potentially actionable pathways, which support the prediction that future trials for pancreatic cancer will involve the vigorous testing of epigenomic therapeutics. Thus, epigenomics promises to generate a significant amount of new knowledge of both biological and medical importance.
Exposure of an occluded hemagglutinin epitope drives selection of a class of cross-protective influenza antibodies
Authors: Adachi Yu , Tonouchi Keisuke , Nithichanon Arnone , Kuraoka Masayuki , Watanabe Akiko , Shinnakasu Ryo , Asanuma Hideki , Ainai Akira , Ohmi Yusuke , Yamamoto Takuya , Ishii Ken J. , Hasegawa Hideki , Takeyama Haruko , Lertmemongkolchai Ganjana , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Ato Manabu , Kelsoe Garnett , Takahashi Yoshimasa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGerminal center (GC) B cells at viral replication sites acquire specificity to poorly immunogenic but conserved influenza hemagglutinin (HA) epitopes. Here, high-throughput epitope mapping of local GC B cells is used to identify conserved HA epitope selecting cross-reactive antibodies that mediate heterosubtypic protection. A distinct feature of this epitope is an occlusion in the naive trimeric HA structure that is exposed in the post-fusion HA structure to occur under low pH conditions during viral replication. Importantly, systemic immunization by the post-fusion HA antigen results in GC B cells targeting the occluded epitope, and induces a class of protective antibodies that have cross-group specificity and afford protection independent of virus neutralization activity. Furthermore, this class of broadly protective antibodies develops at late time points and persists. Our results identify a class of cross-protective antibodies that are selected at the viral replication site, and provide insights into vaccine strategies using the occluded epitope.
Achieving large and nonvolatile tunable magnetoresistance in organic spin valves using electronic phase separated manganites
Authors: Yang Wenting , Shi Qian , Miao Tian , Li Qiang , Cai Peng , Liu Hao , Lin Hanxuan , Bai Yu , Zhu Yinyan , Yu Yang , Deng Lina , Wang Wenbin , Yin Lifeng , Sun Dali , Zhang X.-G. , Shen Jian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTailoring molecular spinterface between novel magnetic materials and organic semiconductors offers promise to achieve high spin injection efficiency. Yet it has been challenging to achieve simultaneously a high and nonvolatile control of magnetoresistance effect in organic spintronic devices. To date, the largest magnetoresistance (~300% at T = 10 K) has been reached in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)-based organic spin valves (OSVs) using La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 as a magnetic electrode. Here we demonstrate that one type of perovskite manganites, i.e., a (La2/3Pr1/3)5/8Ca3/8MnO3 thin film with pronounced electronic phase separation (EPS), can be used in Alq3-based OSVs to achieve a large magnetoresistance (MR) up to 440% at T = 10 K and a typical electrical Hanle effect as the Hallmark of the spin injection. The contactless magnetic field-controlled EPS enables us to achieve a nonvolatile tunable MR response persisting up to 120 K. Our study suggests a new route to design high performance multifunctional OSV devices using electronic phase separated manganites.
Modulation of autoimmune pathogenesis by T cell-triggered inflammatory cell death
Authors: Sasaki Katsuhiro , Himeno Ai , Nakagawa Tomoko , Sasaki Yoshiteru , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Iwai Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractT cell-mediated autoimmunity encompasses diverse immunopathological outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying this diversity are largely unknown. Dysfunction of the tripartite linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is associated with distinct autonomous immune-related diseases. Cpdm mice lacking Sharpin, an accessory subunit of LUBAC, have innate immune cell-predominant dermatitis triggered by death of LUBAC-compromised keratinocytes. Here we show that specific gene ablation of Sharpin in mouse Treg causes phenotypes mimicking cpdm-like inflammation. Mechanistic analyses find that multiple types of programmed cell death triggered by TNF from tissue-oriented T cells initiate proinflammatory responses to implicate innate immune-mediated pathogenesis in this T cell-mediated inflammation. Moreover, additional disruption of the Hoip locus encoding the catalytic subunit of LUBAC converts cpdm-like dermatitis to T cell-predominant autoimmune lesions; however, innate immune-mediated pathogenesis still remains. These findings show that T cell-mediated killing and sequential autoinflammation are common and crucial for pathogenic diversity during T cell-mediated autoimmune responses.
Nobiletin fortifies mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle to promote healthy aging against metabolic challenge
Authors: Nohara Kazunari , Mallampalli Venkata , Nemkov Travis , Wirianto Marvin , Yang Jiah , Ye Youqiong , Sun Yuxiang , Han Leng , Esser Karyn A. , Mileykovskaya Eugenia , D’Alessandro Angelo , Green Carla B. , Takahashi Joseph S. , Dowhan William , Yoo Seung-Hee , Chen Zheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCircadian disruption aggravates age-related decline and mortality. However, it remains unclear whether circadian enhancement can retard aging in mammals. We previously reported that the small molecule Nobiletin (NOB) activates ROR (retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor) nuclear receptors to potentiate circadian oscillation and protect against metabolic dysfunctions. Here we show that NOB significantly improves metabolic fitness in naturally aged mice fed with a regular diet (RD). Furthermore, NOB enhances healthy aging in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HF). In HF skeletal muscle, the NOB-ROR axis broadly activates genes for mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (MRCs) and fortifies MRC activity and architecture, including Complex II activation and supercomplex formation. These mechanisms coordinately lead to a dichotomous mitochondrial optimization, namely increased ATP production and reduced ROS levels. Together, our study illustrates a focal mechanism by a clock-targeting pharmacological agent to optimize skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and promote healthy aging in metabolically stressed mammals.
MAP2 immunoreactivity deficit is conserved across the cerebral cortex within individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: DeGiosio Rebecca , Kelly Ryan M. , DeDionisio Adam M. , Newman Jason T. , Fish Kenneth N. , Sampson Allan R. , Lewis David A. , Sweet Robert A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral postmortem studies have reported lower levels of immunoreactivity (IR) for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in several cortical regions of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). However, whether this effect is conserved across multiple brain areas within an individual with SZ or if it is regionally-specific remains unclear. We characterized patterns of MAP2-IR across three cortical regions at different levels of the rostral-caudal axis within individual subjects with and without SZ. MAP2-IR levels were measured in deep layer 3 of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP), and primary visual cortex (V1). Postmortem tissue containing each cortical region was derived from 20 pairs of SZ subjects and nonpsychiatric comparison (NPC) subjects matched perfectly for sex, and as closely as possible for age and postmortem interval. MAP2-IR was assessed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. We observed significantly lower levels of MAP2-IR in SZ subjects relative to NPC subjects, without a significant region by diagnosis interaction. Logs of the within-pair ratios (SZ:NPC) of MAP2-IR were significantly correlated across the three regions. These findings demonstrate that MAP2-IR deficits in SZ are consistent across three neocortical regions within individual subjects. This pattern of MAP2-IR deficit has implications for therapeutic development and future investigations of MAP2 pathology in SZ.