bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation matters
Authors: Huang Guanxiong 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
In-feed native ads have become a major social media advertising format. The purpose of this paper is to investigate strategies for leveraging native advertising in terms of content creation and platform selection on social media, proposing that variations in content and platform reduce the intrusiveness of native ads, thereby resulting in enhanced brand attitude and purchase intent.

Design/methodology/approach
Two experiments were conducted with online samples, employing a 2 (content strategy: repeated ads vs varied ads) × 2 (platform strategy: single platform vs multiple platforms) between-subject factorial design. ANCOVA and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
When repeated ads were used, the use of multiple platforms reduced ad intrusiveness, resulting in more favorable brand attitude and greater purchase intent as opposed to the use of a single platform. In contrast, when varied ads were used, there were no significant differences in the outcome variables between a single platform and multiple platforms. The results were largely consistent across the two experiments.

Originality/value
This study contributes to theory advancement by unpacking the underlying mechanisms of processing native advertising and shedding light on which content and platform strategies are the most effective on social media.
Capital structure, competitive intensity and firm performance: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Afza Talat 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the moderating role of competitive intensity between the existing relationship of capital structure and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the balanced panel data of listed non-financial firms of Pakistan, the present study adopts both the panel and OLS estimation techniques to draw the inferences.

Findings
The results exhibit that high debt ratio is harmful for the accounting performance of the selected sample firms of Pakistan. In addition, product market competition negatively moderates the relationship between capital structure and firm performance which suggests that high product market competition can be used as a substitute of debt financing to align the interests of a firm’s managers and shareholders.

Practical implications
The findings of the research provide evidence for the policy makers/regulators that the sample firms should discourage the high debt financing in the presence of competitive intensity in the product marketplace.

Originality/value
The core contribution of the current research is to examine the moderating role of product market competition on the leverage–performance relationship because, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no single study has previously explored this relationship in the context of Pakistan.
The interdependence between the extended organizational commitment model and the self-determination theory
Authors: Krajcsák Zoltán 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discover the relationship between the extended organizational commitment model (EOCM) and self-determination theory (SDT). The author shows that specific dimensions of commitment can be associated with the forms of regulation and motivation.Design/methodology/approachUsing literature analysis, the author sets the theoretical relationships between commitment and regulation (and motivation). The interrelated relationships are illustrated qualitatively by presenting case studies.FindingsLike the regulation-based motivation scale, the dimensions of organizational commitment (OC) can be sorted and combined with regulation and motivation. The emotional-based OC dimensions (normative commitment as a sense of indebtedness (NC:HiSoI); normative commitment as a moral duty (NC:HiMD); affective commitment (AC)) are influenced by regulation and motivation. In the case of cost-based OC dimensions (deliberate commitment (DC); continuance commitment as a low perceived alternatives (CC:LoAlt); continuance commitment as high sacrifice (CC:HiSac)), the leaders’ motivational strategies are driven by their perceives of the employees’ OC. Commitment dimensions stemming from a degree of necessity are linked to lower levels of regulation, while commitment dimensions stemming from internal conviction are linked to the higher levels of regulation.Research limitations/implicationsThe results also must be proved by quantitative researches later. The model presented in this study primarily supports the theoretical understanding of relationships, so its validity should be tested in different cultures, professions or employees with different qualifications and personalities in the future.Practical implicationsSignificant resources can be saved for an organization if managers do not want to increase OC in general, rather only its one dimension, depending on the situation and goals, or if managers form their employees’ commitment profiles in a smaller team severally. However, in other cases, the employees’ commitment profiles set the useable motivational strategies, which call into question the suitability of universal motivation systems.Social implicationsFrom the point of view of employees, the synergy between regulation (and motivation) and OC contributes to the improvement of their psychological well-being and means more efficient use of resources for organizations.Originality/valueThe study shows the hierarchy of dimensions of the EOCM and its relationship with regulations in the SDT.
The status quo of evaluation in public diplomacy: insights from the US State Department
Authors: Sommerfeldt Erich J. , Buhmann Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
In recent years, expectations for demonstrating the impact of public diplomacy programs have dramatically increased. Despite increased calls for enhanced monitoring and evaluation, what texts exist on the subject suggest the state of practice is grim. However, while the current debate is based mostly on practice reports, conceptual work from academics or anecdotal evidence, we are missing empirical insights on current views of monitoring and evaluation from practitioners. Such a practice-level perspective is central for better understanding factors that may actually drive or hamper performance evaluation in day-to-day public diplomacy work. The purpose of this paper is to update knowledge on the state of evaluation practice within public diplomacy from the perspectives of practitioners themselves.

Design/methodology/approach
This study assesses the state of evaluation in public diplomacy through qualitative interviews with public diplomacy officers working for the US Department of State – a method heretofore unused in studies of the topic. In total, 25 in-depth interviews were conducted with officers in Washington, DC and at posts around the world.

Findings
The interviews suggest that practitioners see evaluation as underfunded despite increased demands for accountability. Further, the results show a previously not discussed tension between diplomacy practitioners in Washington, DC and those in the field. Practitioners are also unclear about the goals of public diplomacy, which has implications for the enactment of targeted evaluations.

Originality/value
The research uncovers the perceptions of evaluation from the voices of those who must practice it, and elaborates on the common obstacles in the enactment of public diplomacy, the influence of multiple actors and stakeholders on evaluation practice, as well as the perceived goals of public diplomacy programming. No empirical research has considered the state of evaluation practice. Moreover, the study uses qualitative interview data from public diplomacy officers themselves, an under-used method in public diplomacy research. The findings provide insights that contribute to future public diplomacy strategy and performance management.
Multi-study analysis of learning culture, human capital and operational performance in supply chain management
Authors: Overstreet Robert E. , Skipper Joseph B. , Huscroft Joseph R. , Cherry Matt J. , Cooper Andrew L. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically evaluate the relationship between learning culture, workforce level, human capital and operational performance in two diverse supply chain populations, aircraft maintenance and logistics readiness.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon competence-based view of the firm and human capital theory, this paper analyzes data from two studies.FindingsThe results provide support for the hypothesized model. Workforce level moderates the relationship between learning culture and human capital, and human capital partially mediates the relationship between learning culture and operational performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings have implications for behavioral supply chain management research and implications for educating and training the supply chain management workforce. While the populations represent a diverse set of logistics functions and responsibilities, the participants are all military members, which may limit generalizability.Practical implicationsThis study should help leaders understand the importance of learning culture and the perceived differences in its effect on human capital based upon workforce level.Originality/valueThis research is among the first to investigate the role of workforce level and answers a multitude of calls for research into the human side of supply chain management.
Can training improve staff skills with complex trauma?
Authors: Robinson Paula , Griffith Emma , Gillmore Chris 
Published: June 2019

PurposeStudies show that experiences of repeated or complex trauma are very common in patients with severe mental health problems. Unfortunately, many professionals do not routinely ask about abuse, due to concerns about how to ask and respond. There is also a need for frontline staff to be trained in trauma-informed care. The purpose of this paper is to identify the needs of inpatient staff and developed a tailor-made training package.Design/methodology/approachA training programme was developed from focus-group discussion and delivered to the team. Questionnaires were administered pre-, post-training and at three-month follow-up, to assess changes in knowledge, confidence and worries in the assessment and treatment of complex trauma.FindingsThere was an increase in self-reported staff confidence (p=0.001) and knowledge (p=0.028) about working with complex trauma and their worries decreased (p=0.026) between pre- and post-training.Practical implicationsIn order to sustain the benefits of training for longer, recommendations were made to the service for on-going training, supervision and evaluation.Originality/valueGiven the recent interest in complex trauma within the literature (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Version (DSM-V); International Statistical Classification of Diseases – 11th Version (ICD-11)), the piloting and development of complex trauma training packages is timely. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first published account of complex trauma training for inpatient staff. This paper offers clinical and research implications to services who may want to develop as trauma-informed services within the NHS.
Demon or angel: an exploration of gamification in management
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Junqing 
Published: June 2019

PurposePreviously coined as the application of gaming principles in non-gaming scenarios, gamification is an emerging managerial tactic, but it lacks a rigorous theorization in the management discipline. Based on introductive research on related domains, this study aims to link up gamification and training and directly explored its effectiveness and efficacy, thus providing certain implications for practitioners. Specifically, this paper conceptualizes the gamification as a crystallization of routines as it continuously strengthens the new ways to award and punish with predetermined goals while initiated from past experiences. As such, the study confirms that gamification demotivates the participants and lowers their performances. Overall, the study is important as it investigates the significance of gamification and offers a new perspective to disentangle the debates over the effect of experience on learning.Design/methodology/approachThe study used one base experiment conducted in two random-chosen paired classes, followed by another confirmative experiment. By introducing the gamification system into one experiment class while controlling the other, the authors sent out two waves of surveys while merging with the objective grades to investigate the effects of gamification on both motivation and performance.FindingsThe results have confirmed that gamification could engender the detrimental effects on both motivation and performance, though the authors did not find support for a mediating effect of motivation on the relationship between gamification and performance.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of resource limitation, the study used business students’ academic performance as a proxy for the performance effect. Although the results help reveal a basic cause-effect relationship, we still need further experiments based on real business units and/or on larger samples.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that gamification counter-intuitively demotivates participants and directly leads to poorer performances. This reminds practitioners of a cautious adoption of gamification in their management system.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to link the trendy concept of gamification with both managerial and academic studies on related fronts.
What makes a good paper? Analytic and Continental ideals in consumer culture theory
Authors: Bajde Domen , Gopaldas Ahir 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to illuminate the characteristics of Analytic and Continental scholarship to generate a deeper appreciation for both writing styles in the consumer culture theory (CCT) community.

Design/methodology/approach
Two CCT researchers discuss the merits of Analytic and Continental scholarship in an accessible dialogical format.

Findings
Analytic ideals of scholarship, espoused by elite academic journals, include conceptual rigor, logical claims, theoretical coherence, researcher agnosticism and broad generalizability. Continental ideals of scholarship, more likely to be espoused by niche and/or critical journals, include creative writing, holistic interpretation, intellectual imagination, political provocation and deep contextualization.

Originality/value
This dialogue may build more understanding across variously oriented scholars, literatures, and journals in the CCT community.
Self‐thinning and size‐dependent flowering of the grass Spartina alterniflora across space and time
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Plants adjust their size and reproductive effort in response to numerous selection pressures and constraints. The self‐thinning law describes a well‐known trade‐off between size and density. Plants also trade‐off investment into growth vs. sexual reproduction, as described by life‐history theory.

We build on past work on plant allometry and life history by examining both self‐thinning and size‐dependent reproduction in a single plant species, the saltmarsh grass Spartina alterniflora, across a wide range of settings: three landscape positions, two habitats and eight sites, across sixteen years.

Plants in different landscape positions and years varied tremendously in size and shoot density. However, all this variation could be explained by a single allometric relationship consistent with the self‐thinning law, but with a lower slope. Flowering was size‐dependent, and the size at which plants had a 50% probability of flowering varied among habitat, sites and years. Plants that were stressed reproduced at a smaller size than plants that were growing under good conditions, and this pattern was consistent among habitat, sites and years. Finally, reproductive biomass and the proportion of shoots flowering increased with increasing vegetative size (plant height or shoot biomass). Combining these two patterns, S. alterniflora plants growing high density are small and reproduce at a smaller size than large plants growing at low density.

Although there is tremendous spatial and temporal variation in S. alterniflora growth and reproductive patterns, all this variation can be understood as resulting from two simple allometric trade‐offs. Because saltmarsh plants often occur in monospecific stands, they may serve as simple, model systems for studies of plant life history.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Additive effects of nurse and facilitated plants on ecosystem functions
Authors: Navarro‐Cano Jose Antonio , Horner Bethanie , Goberna Marta , Verdú Miguel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Nurse plants drive the assembly of facilitated communities and commonly promote plant–soil feedbacks, and are thus recognized as key engineers in abiotically stressful ecosystems. The literature neglects; however, the role of the communities which benefit from the presence of the nurse as contributors to soil ecosystem functions. We hypothesized that the nurse and its beneficiaries synergistically enhance essential ecosystem functions mediated by soil microbiota.

To track how plant–plant facilitation impacts plant–soil feedbacks, we selected three nurse species in semi‐arid mine tailings and defined three microsites (open space, nurse canopy and nurse + facilitated canopy). In each microsite, we quantified 18 abiotic and biotic variables associated with four functions: reduction in climatic stress, reduction in edaphic stress, soil fertility and soil microbial productivity (decomposition and nutrient cycling).

Litter biomass increased from open spaces to the microsite beneath the nurses, and further beneath the nurses and their beneficiaries. Litter biomass was a good predictor of both the reduction in climatic stress and increase in edaphic stress (likely owing to metal bioaccumulation). We attributed increments in soil organics and heterotrophic respiration beneath the nurses and their beneficiaries, compared to nurses alone, to biomass effects through increased litter deposition. Variation in fertility and microbial productivity among microsites shaped by the nurses and their facilitated communities was attributed to both diversity and biomass effects. In particular, fertility was promoted beneath phenotypically diverse facilitated communities, as inferred from ten above‐ and below‐ground traits. However, microbial productivity increased at low levels of root biomass likely due to reduced plant–microbe competition for nutrients.

Synthesis. Our results show that facilitated plant communities sheltered by nurse species relieve local abiotic stress and promote plant–microbe interactions, both through biomass and biodiversity effects. These observations shift the conception of facilitated species from simple beneficiaries of the nurse's effects to co‐drivers of essential ecosystem functions.
Cwp22, a novel peptidoglycan cross‐linking enzyme, plays pleiotropic roles in Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Zhu Duolong , Bullock Jessica , He Yongqun , Sun Xingmin 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram‐positive, spore‐forming, toxin‐producing anaerobe pathogen, and can induce nosocomial antibiotic‐associated intestinal disease. While production of toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) contribute to the main pathogenesis of C. difficile, adhesion and colonization of C. difficile in the host gut are prerequisites for disease onset. Previous cell wall proteins (CWPs) were identified that were implicated in C. difficile adhesion and colonization. In this study, we predicted and characterized Cwp22 (CDR20291_2601) from C. difficile R20291 to be involved in bacterial adhesion based on the Vaxign reverse vaccinology tool. The ClosTron‐generated cwp22 mutant showed decreased TcdA and TcdB production during early growth, and increased cell permeability and autolysis. Importantly, the cwp22 mutation impaired cellular adherence in vitro and decreased cytotoxicity and fitness over the parent strain in a mouse infection model. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay, live‐dead cell staining and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the decreased cell viability of the cwp22 mutant. Thus, Cwp22 is involved in cell wall integrity and cell viability, which could affect most phenotypes of R20291. Our data suggest that Cwp22 is an attractive target for C. difficile infection therapeutics and prophylactics.
Dispersal alters soil microbial community response to drought
Authors: Evans S. E. , Bell‐Dereske L. P. , Dougherty K. M. , Kittredge H. A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMicrobial communities will experience novel climates in the future. Dispersal is now recognized as a driver of microbial diversity and function, but our understanding of how dispersal influences responses to novel climates is limited. We experimentally tested how the exclusion of aerially dispersed fungi and bacteria altered the compositional and functional response of soil microbial communities to drought. We manipulated dispersal and drought by collecting aerially deposited microbes after precipitation events and subjecting soil mesocosms to either filter‐sterilized rain (no dispersal) or unfiltered rain (dispersal) and to either drought (25% ambient) or ambient rainfall for 6 months. We characterized community composition by sequencing 16S and ITS rRNA regions and function using community‐level physiological profiles. Treatments without dispersal had lower soil microbial biomass and metabolic diversity but higher bacterial and fungal species richness. Dispersal also altered soil community response to drought; drought had a stronger effect on bacterial (but not fungal) community composition, and induced greater functional loss, when dispersal was present. Surprisingly, neither immigrants nor drought‐tolerant taxa had higher abundance in dispersal treatments. We show experimentally that natural aerial dispersal rate alters soil microbial responses to disturbance. Changes in dispersal rates should be considered when predicting microbial responses to climate change.
An informed public's views on reducing antibiotic overuse
Authors: Richmond Jennifer , Mangrum Rikki , Wang Grace , Maurer Maureen , Sofaer Shoshanna , Yang Manshu , Carman Kristin L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo understand public attitudes about and recommendations to address antibiotic overuse by employing public deliberation (a method for eliciting informed input on value‐laden issues).Data Sources/Study SettingParticipants in 24 Community Deliberation groups (CD; n = 263), four Citizens’ Panel groups (CP; n = 96), and a control group (n = 348). Data were collected in 2012 in four U.S. locations.Study DesignUsing mixed methods, we analyzed quantitative and qualitative data from a randomized control trial.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsUsing pre/postdeliberation surveys, we compared CD and CP participant attitude changes regarding antibiotic use to the control group. We analyzed deliberation transcripts using qualitative techniques to provide context for survey results.Principal FindingsCompared to control group participants, CD and CP participants had a larger postdeliberation shift in attitudes toward support of government limits on when doctors can prescribe antibiotics. Participants described unawareness about antibiotic overuse and called for education. When discussing prescription limits, participants debated tensions between preserving patient/doctor autonomy and protecting society from antibiotic‐related harms. Participants saw patient, physician, and government roles in antibiotic stewardship policies/programs.ConclusionWhen informed about individual and social consequences of antibiotic overuse, patients may be more receptive to antibiotic prescription limits. Community‐physician‐government partnerships are needed to create solutions.