bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ella Fitzgerald
Authors: Hill Melanie R. 
Published: June 2019

Sam Waymon, the brother of Nina Simone, once stated, “Music can save you by giving [you] a sense of vision, tolerance, [and] harmony; it can give you . . . a fullness.” Waymon’s words reflect heavily in the life of Ella Fitzgerald. With her life beginning in poverty, music saved Ella. Writers and musicians alike commemorate Ella Fitzgerald in 2019 with books and albums dedicated in her honor. In her recent album devoted wholly to the swinging sounds of the Queen of Jazz, renowned jazz violinist Regina Carter pays musical homage and describes Ella Fitzgerald’s voice as a “voice that was able to bring people together.” Carter continues, “Hearing [Fitzgerald’s] voice was love.” With the pluck of the string, harmonic arpeggios, and instrumental technique that mimic the voice of Ella Fitzgerald, Regina Carter released her timely album Ella: Accentuate the Positive (cited under Accentuating Sound). The year 2017 marks the 100th birthday of famed jazz vocalist Ella Fitzgerald, also noted as Mama Jazz, the Memorex Lady, and the First Lady of Song. While remembering the vocal ingenuity of Fitzgerald, variance, timbre, tone, texture, cadence, improvisation, and symphonic melody are all words that crown the First Lady of Song. Born in 1917 in Newport News, Virginia, Fitzgerald began singing in church when she and her mother moved from Virginia to New York. As an adolescent in 1934, she entered the Apollo Theater’s weekly amateur night competition. Inundated with trepidation at the audience’s reaction to known dancers, the Edwards Sisters, who competed before her, Fitzgerald decided to sing instead of dance. Much to her surprise after singing, Fitzgerald won the competition that night. In 1936, Fitzgerald produced her first recording with Decca Records. Known for her scat singing style and tuning her voice to sound like an instrument, Fitzgerald famously collaborated with jazz trumpeter Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Johnny Mercer, Cole Porter, and other musicians. During the civil rights movement and years after, Ella’s appearances on The Nat King Cole Show, The Ed Sullivan Show, The Frank Sinatra Show, and other televised productions conveyed her ability to traverse racial barriers and disseminate her gift of song to all audiences, nationally and internationally. Fitzgerald has won thirteen Grammy Awards and sold forty million albums. This article first examines the theoretical frameworks of history and memory through which scholars examine African American expressive culture. It is through the accentuation of sound in text and in the intersections of music and literature that the gems of black culture and consciousness are found. The citations cover a breadth of material from jazz and literary theory, focusing on what Fitzgerald brings to the community, nation, and the world.
Papyrus, Parchment, and Paper in Islamic Studies
Authors: Bloom Jonathan 
Published: June 2019

Islamic civilization has had an intimate relationship with writing from its very origins. Although Muslim tradition holds that the angel Jibra’il (Gabriel) orally revealed the Qurʾan to Muhammad in the early 7th century, and orality and oral transmission remained central features of Islamic civilization, the first verses revealed to the Prophet are said to have been “Recite, recite in the name of thy Lord, Who . . . taught man by the pen what he knew not” (Q. 96). Within the Prophet’s lifetime, individual verses or groups of verses were transcribed onto whatever media were available—ranging from flat bones to sheets of leather and papyrus—and soon after Muhammad’s death in 632, Muslim tradition records that his successors had all the revelations transcribed onto parchment sheets for preservation—the first manuscripts of the Qurʾan. By the 10th century, Muslim libraries from Iran to Spain contained thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, of books, made possible by the ready availability and relative affordability of paper, which Muslims had encountered in Central Asia. The use of paper encouraged the development of new styles of calligraphy as well as new types of bookbindings. Christians in Spain and Italy eventually learned about paper from Muslims, and they began making it themselves in the 12th and 13th centuries, and the availability of paper in 15th-century Germany was undoubtedly one of the factors in the ultimate success of Gutenberg’s print revolution.
Quantifying the overestimation of planktonic N2 fixation due to contamination of 15N2 gas stocks
Authors: Moreira-Coello Víctor , Mouriño-Carballido Beatriz , Marañón Emilio , Fernández-Carrera Ana , PÉrez-Lorenzo María , Bode Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe 15N2-tracer assay [Montoya et al. (1996) A simple, high-precision, high-sensitivity tracer assay for N2 fixation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 986–993.] is the most used method for measuring biological N2 fixation in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The reliability of this technique depends on the purity of the commercial 15N2 gas stocks used. However, Dabundo et al. [(2014) PLoS One, 9, e110335.] reported the contamination of some of these stocks with labile 15N-labeled compounds (ammonium, nitrate and/or nitrite). The contamination of commercial 15N2 gas stocks with 15N-labeled nitrate and 142 ammonium and consequences for nitrogen fixation measurements. Considering that the tracer assay relies on the conversion of isotopically labeled 15N2 into organic nitrogen, this contamination may have led to overestimated N2 fixation rates. We conducted laboratory and field experiments in order to (i) test the susceptibility of 15N contaminants to assimilation by non-diazotroph organisms and (ii) determine the potential overestimation of the N2 fixation rates estimated in the field. Our findings indicate that the contaminant 15N-compounds are assimilated by non-diazotrophs organisms, leading to an overestimation of N2 fixation rates in the field up to 16-fold under hydrographic conditions of winter mixing.
Proton pump inhibitor use and progression to major adverse renal events: a competing risk analysis
Authors: Grant C H , Gillis K A , Lees J S , Traynor J P , Mark P B , Stevens K I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and there are reports associating their use with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Aim
To determine if PPI use is associated with major adverse renal events (MARE) in patients with CKD.

Design
Observational cohort study comprising patients with CKD attending secondary care renal clinics from 1 January 2006 until 31 December 2016.

Methods
We collated baseline clinical, socio-demographic and biochemical data at start of PPI (PPI group) or study inception (control group). MARE was considered a composite of doubling of creatinine or end-stage renal disease. Association between PPI exposure and progression to MARE was assessed by cause-specific hazards competing risk survival analysis.

Results
There were 3824 patients with CKD included in the analyses of whom 1195 were prescribed a PPI. The PPI group was younger (64.8 vs. 67.0 years, P < 0.001), with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (30 vs. 35 ml/min, P < 0.001) and more proteinuria (64 vs. 48 mg/mmol, P < 0.001). PPI use was associated with progression to MARE on multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio 1.13 [95% confidence interval 1.02–1.25], P = 0.021). Other factors significantly associated with progression to MARE were higher systolic blood pressure, lower eGFR, greater proteinuria, congestive cardiac failure and diabetes. Hypomagnesaemia was more common in the PPI group (39.5 vs. 18.9%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
PPI use was associated with progression to MARE, but not death in patients with CKD after adjusting for factors known to predict declining renal function, including lower eGFR, proteinuria and comorbidities. A prospective cohort study is required to validate these findings.
Exploration of pathomechanism using comprehensive analysis of serum cytokines in polymyositis/dermatomyositis-interstitial lung disease
Authors: Matsuda Shogo , Kotani Takuya , Ishida Takaaki , Fukui Keisuke , Fujiki Youhei , Suzuka Takayasu , Nagai Koji , Hata Kenichiro , Shoda Takeshi , Isoda Kentaro , Ito Yuri , Makino Shigeki , Takeuchi Tohru , Arawaka Shigeki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To elucidate the serum cytokine profile and address the pathomechanism of interstitial lung disease (ILD) complicated with PM/DM.

Methods
Forty patients with PM/DM-ILD were enrolled, and principal components analysis and cluster analysis were performed to classify patients into subgroups. Additionally, we compared cytokine profiles between the survivors and dead patients and between anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody- and anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibody-positive ILD patients. We also examined the association of various cytokines with disease activity indicators and prognosis of ILD.

Results
The principal components analysis data allowed classification of the cytokine profile into three groups: group 1, neutrophilic and M1-macrophage-driven cytokines; group 2, type 1 Th cell-driven and M2-macrophage-induced cytokines; and group 3, M2-macrophage-driven cytokines. Cluster analysis showed the presence of PM/DM-ILD patient groups with high or low levels of total cytokines. Ninety percent of patients who died of ILD were included in clusters with high cytokine levels. Serum cytokine levels of all groups were significantly higher in the anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive patients than in the anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibody-positive patients. Groups 1 and 2 significantly correlated with known factors for poor prognosis, such as serum ferritin levels and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. Serum cytokine levels of patients in group 1 were significantly higher initially and at 2 and 4 weeks in those who died.

Conclusion
These findings suggested that the activation of monocytes, macrophages and type 1 Th cells, and neutrophils play roles in the pathomechanism of PM/DM-ILD, and group 1 cytokines could be useful biomarkers for predicting prognosis of PM/DM-ILD.
Fiftieth Anniversary of the California Net Energy System Symposium: What are the energy coefficients for cows?1
Authors: Freetly Harvey C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The same model structure used to describe energy metabolism in the growing animal is often used to model energy metabolism in the cow. Energy requirements of the cow are modeled as the summation of energy required for maintenance and recovered energy, where recovered energy is the summation of energy for the conceptus, milk, and tissue energy. Energetic requirements of the cow fluctuate throughout the production cycle depending on whether they are pregnant, lactating, or both. The current model requires energy cost to be associated with either net energy of maintenance or the partial efficiencies of conceptus growth, milk production, and tissue energy change. Mathematically, they are not independent. Incorrectly estimating one will result in an erroneous estimate in the other. Most of the current models in production agriculture allocate energy use into maintenance, and synthesis of tissues making it difficult to assign energy utilization by tissues that provide support functions to pregnancy, lactation, and weight fluctuation. The consequence is the assignment of partial efficiencies that reflect whole animal efficiencies rather than tissue efficiencies. Historically, these models have been predictive of energy metabolism, but caution should be used when inferring the energetic efficiency at the tissue level. Alternative modeling approaches more thoroughly describe tissue energy metabolism and have been used to estimate whole animal metabolism. These models resolve the problems associated with developing coefficients that lack biological meaning but are more complex. There is a critical need for independent data sets to test new components of the model for cows.
How did Lofgreen and Garrett do the math?
Authors: Oltjen James W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Lofgreen and Garrett introduced a new system for predicting growing and finishing beef cattle energy requirements and feed values using net energy concepts. Based on data from comparative slaughter experiments they mathematically derived the California Net Energy System. Scaling values to body weight to the ¾ power, they summarized metabolizable energy intake (ME), energy retained (energy balance [EB]), and heat production (HP) data. They regressed the logarithm of HP on ME and extended the line to zero intake, and estimated fasting HP at 0.077 Mcal/kg0.75, similar to previous estimates. They found no significant difference in fasting HP between steers and heifers. Above maintenance, however, a logarithmic fit of EB on ME does not allow for increased EB once ME is greater than 340 kcal/kg0.75, or about three times maintenance intake. So based on their previous work, they used a linear fit so that partial efficiency of gain above maintenance was constant for a given feed. They show that with increasing roughage level efficiency of gain (slope) decreases, consistent with increasing efficiency of gain and maintenance with greater metabolizable energy of the feed. Making the system useful required that gain in body weight be related to EB. They settled on a parabolic equation, with significant differences between steers and heifers. Lofgreen and Garrett also used data from a number of experiments to relate ME and EB to estimate the ME required for maintenance (ME = HP) and then related the amount of feed that provided that amount of ME to the metabolizable energy content of the feed (MEc), resulting in a logarithmic equation. Then they related that amount of feed to the net energy for gain calculated as the slope of the EB line when regressed against feed intake. Combining the two equations, they estimate the net energy for maintenance and gain per unit feed (Mcal/kg dry matter) as a function of MEc: 0.4258 × 1.663MEc and 2.544–5.670 × 0.6012MEc, respectively. Finally, they show how to calculate net energy for maintenance and gain from experiments where two levels of a ration are fed and EB measured, where one level is fed and a metabolism trial is conducted, or when just a metabolism trial is conducted—but results are not consistent between designs.
Academy of Oncologic Physical Therapy EDGE Task Force: A Systematic Review of Measures of Balance in Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Huang Min H. , Hile Elizabeth , Croarkin Earllaine , Wampler-Kuhn Meredith , Blackwood Jennifer , Colon Genevieve , Pfalzer Lucinda A. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose:
Balance impairments are prevalent in adult cancer survivors, leading to increased fall risk and reduced quality of life. To identify survivors in need of balance and fall interventions and to track change with intervention, health care providers need measures with sound psychometric properties and high clinical utility. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify reliable, valid, and clinically useful measures of balance impairments in adult cancer survivors. Secondary purposes were to obtain minimal detectable change of identified balance measures and to determine use of measures to evaluate fall risk.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted to assess psychometric properties and clinical utility of balance measures identified from the literature search. Two reviewers in a team independently extracted data from articles and evaluated cumulative evidence for each balance measure using the Cancer EDGE Task Force Outcome Measure Rating Form.

Results:
The search located 187 articles, with 54 articles retained for quality assessment of balance measures. The Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale and gait speed were highly recommended (rated 4). Balance Evaluation Systems Test, Timed Up and Go, and Five Times Sit to Stand were recommended (rated 3).

Limitations:
Selection bias is possible. Samples and settings across reviewed studies were widely heterogeneous.

Conclusions:
We recommend 5 balance measures for use in adult cancer survivors. Future research with existing balance measures should establish norms, responsiveness, and predictive validity for fall risk, while expanding to focus on imbalance in midlife survivors. Patient-reported outcome measures are needed for cancer-related imbalance.
Abnormal Exercise Responses in Survivors of Acute Lung Injury During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: Mackney Jennifer , Harrold Meg , Jenkins Sue , Havill Ken , Hill Kylie 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
This study compared exercise responses in individuals who had recently survived an admission to the intensive care unit for acute lung injury (ALI) with healthy controls.

Methods:
Ten patients with ALI were recruited at 2 Australian hospitals. Six weeks after hospital discharge, participants completed lung function measures and a laboratory-based cardiopulmonary exercise test. Identical measures were collected in 21 healthy participants of similar age and gender distribution.

Results:
Compared with the healthy participants, the ALI participants were similar in age (51 ± 14 vs 50 ± 16 yr), with a lower peak oxygen uptake (

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2) (median [interquartile range], 31.80 [26.60-41.73] vs 17.80 [14.85-20.85] mL/kg/min; P < .01) and higher ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (

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2) at anaerobic threshold (mean ± SD, 25.7 ± 2.5 vs 35.2 ± 4.1; P < .01). Analysis of individual ALI participant responses showed that 8 participants had a decreased peak

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2 and anaerobic threshold. All ALI participants were limited by leg fatigue. Abnormalities of pulmonary gas exchange were present in 7 participants. Evidence of cardiac ischemia was present in 2 participants.

Conclusions:
Compared with healthy controls, ALI participants had reduced exercise capacity, mainly due to profound deconditioning. Exercise training to optimize aerobic capacity would appear to be a rehabilitation priority in this population.
UNRAVELED FRINGE-LIKE MARGINS AND BIPHASIC AUTOFLUORESCENCE OF UNILATERAL RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM DYSGENESIS
Authors: Florakis Eleni , Ancona-Lezama David , Shields Carol L. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To illustrate the features of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis (URPED) in an African-American male patient.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 47-year-old asymptomatic African-American man was referred for an atypical subretinal pigmented mass in the left eye. On examination, visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. The right eye was unremarkable. The left eye revealed a darkly pigmented grey-black lesion at the level of the RPE with irregular, unraveled fringe-like margins, consistent with URPED. The lesion measured 5 mm in basal dimension and was located 400 μm from the foveola. The dark portion of the lesion was grey-black and demonstrated homogeneous hypoautofluorescence, particularly at the site of grey-white peripheral fringe of fibrous metaplasia. By contrast, there was an additional, subtle lacey arrangement of normal-appearing RPE traversing over the entire lesion demonstrating isoautofluorescence. On fluorescein angiography, the lesion was generally hypofluorescent, particularly in the dark portion of the lesion, but the peripheral fringe of fibrous metaplasia displayed angiographic hyperfluorescent staining, and the subtle lacey normal RPE showed isofluorescence. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated RPE hyperplasia and shallow RPE detachment interspersed with normal-appearing RPE and thinning of outer retina and preservation of the foveola and choroid.

Conclusion:
In this case, URPED demonstrated biphasic autofluorescence implying RPE dysfunction in the hypoautofluorescent area and partial RPE function in the lacey isoautofluorescent region.
Substantiating the Use of Ultrasound Tissue Characterization in the Analysis of Tendon Structure: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rabello Lucas Maciel , Dams Olivier Christian , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , Zwerver Johannes , O'Neill Seth 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
To determine the role of ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) in predicting, diagnosing, and monitoring tendon structure and/or tendinopathy. In addition, this study aims to provide recommendations for standardized methodology of UTC administration and analysis.

Data Source:
The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched (up to September 2018). All scientific literature concerning the use of UTC in assessing tendons was collected. The initial search resulted in a total of 1972 hits, and after screening by eligibility criteria, 27 articles were included.

Results:
In total, 18 investigating the Achilles tendon, 5 the patellar tendon, and 4 both Achilles and patellar tendons were included. The methods of UTC administration and analysis differed and were not uniform. The studies showed that the use of UTC to predict Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is inconclusive, but that a higher amount of tendon disorganization increases the risk of developing patellar tendinopathy (PT). In terms of diagnosis, UTC might provide additional information in AT cases. In addition, promising results were found for the use of UTC in both AT and PT in monitoring the effect of load or treatment on tendon structure.

Conclusion:
More research regarding the use of UTC in predicting tendon pathology is required. Ultrasound tissue characterization seems useful as an adjunct diagnostic modality because it can be used to differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic tendons. In addition, UTC is a promising device to be used to monitor changes in tendon structure in response to load or treatment. Moreover, we provide recommendations of a standardized protocol concerning the methods of UTC measurement and analysis.
Podoplanin Expression in Odontogenic Keratocysts Associated or not Associated With Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
Authors: Malaguez Giulia G. , Munhoz Etiene A. , Rivero Elena R.C. , Rados Pantelis V. , Oliveira Marcia G. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Podoplanin is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on various normal or neoplastic cells. Some studies have shown that podoplanin promotes the migration and invasion of tumor cells. This study evaluated a podoplanin expression in Odontogenic Keratocysts (OKs) associated or not associated with Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS) and in Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cysts (OOCs).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 50 lesions were obtained in this study, 28 OKs, 18 OKs associated with NBCCS, and 4 OOCs. Immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin in epithelial cells was evaluated using the following score: (a) intensity of immunostaining: (0: absent, 1: weak, 2: moderate, 3: strong, and 4: very strong) and (b) number of positively cells (0: 0%, 1: <25%, 2: 25% to 50%, 3: 50% to 75%, and 4: >75%). The final score was determined by adding the scores of a and b and ranged from 0 to 8 (0: absent, 1 to 4: weak, and 5 to 8: strong).

Results:
Podoplanin expression was significantly stronger in the basal layer OKs and NBCCS lesions. Further, podoplanin expression was the highest in the suprabasal layer of NBCCS lesions, followed by the suprabasal layers of OK and OOC lesions.

Conclusions:
Podoplanin expression is different in lesions of different biological behaviors. Podoplanin seems to play a role in cell proliferation and migration.