bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crohn's disease is facilitated by a disturbance of programmed death‐1 ligand 2 on blood dendritic cells
Authors: Faleiro Rebecca , Liu Ji , Karunarathne Deshapriya , Edmundson Aleksandra , Winterford Clay , Nguyen Tam Hong , Simms Lisa A , Radford‐Smith Graham , Wykes Michelle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveCrohn's disease (CD) is characterised by inflammation, predominantly associated with ilea. To investigate the basis for this inflammation in patients with CD, we examined dendritic cells (DC) which are pivotal for maintenance of immunological tolerance in the gut.MethodsIleal biopsies and blood DCs from CD patients and controls were examined by microscopy and flow cytometry for PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 expression, as PD‐L1 has been implicated in colitis but the contribution of PD‐L2 is less clear. In vitro studies, of blood samples from CD patients, were used to demonstrate a functional role for PD‐L2 in disease pathogenesis.ResultsQuantitative microscopy of CD11c+ DCs in inflamed and noninflamed ilea from CD patient showed > 75% loss of these cells from the villi, lamina propria and Peyer's patches compared with non‐CD controls. Given this loss of DCs from ilia of CD patients, we hypothesised DCs may have migrated to the blood as these patients can have extra‐intestinal symptoms. We thus examined blood DCs from CD patients by flow cytometry and found significant increases in PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 expression compared with control samples. Microscopy revealed an aggregated form of PD‐L2 expression, known to drive Th1 immunity, in CD patients but not in controls. In vitro functional studies with PD‐L2 blockade confirmed PD‐L2 contributes significantly to the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines known to cause disease pathogenesis.ConclusionTaken together, this study shows that PD‐L2 can influence the progression of CD and blockade of PD‐L2 may have therapeutic potential.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of gastric schwannoma: Cytomorphologic features and diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Chen Wanwan , Cai Guoping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSchwannoma rarely occurs in the stomach. We present a case of gastric schwannoma, which was initially evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) biopsy and confirmed by surgical resection. The patient was a 57‐years‐old woman with history of dyspepsia, who was found to have a large submucosal mass in the stomach. EUS‐FNA showed scant spindle cells with abundant lymphocytes. The spindle cells were immunoreactive with S100, while negative for CD117, desmin, and CD34. The lymphocytes were mixed B‐cells and T‐cells. Immunostaining, flow cytometry, and molecular testing showed no evidence of B‐cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of gastric schwannoma was confirmed by histopathological evaluation of the resected tumor. Gastric schwannoma has unique features of mixed spindle cells and lymphocytes. The tumor should be differentiated from other gastric mesenchymal tumors, and lymphoproliferative disorder is a pitfall.
Neighborhood crime risk and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia in middle childhood: Evidence of gender differences
Authors: Feurer Cope , Woody Mary L. , James Kiera M. , Kudinova Anastacia Y. , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough there is a robust link between resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a biological marker of emotion regulation, and risk for psychopathology, the factors that may be associated with aberrant RSA development remain unclear. The goal of the current study was to examine the relation between children's resting levels of RSA and neighborhood crime, a macro‐level environmental stressor associated with increased risk for multiple forms of psychopathology in youth. The levels of neighborhood crime were obtained using a geocoded neighborhood crime exposure database, allowing for the objective assessment of the likelihood of crime occurring in the child's community. The results indicated that the relation between neighborhood crime and resting RSA differed for girls and boys such that living in a neighborhood with higher risk of exposure to violent crimes was associated with lower RSA for girls, but not boys. These results suggest that living in a higher crime neighborhood is associated with an objective, biologically‐based marker of emotion regulation and highlight how neighborhood crime may be specifically associated with risk for girls.
Regional differences in exercise training implementation in heart failure: findings from the Exercise Training in Heart Failure (ExTraHF) survey
Authors: Piepoli Massimo F. , Binno Simone , Coats Andrew J.S. , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Corrà Ugo , Davos Constantinos H. , Jaarsma Tiny , Lund Lars , Niederseer David , Orso Francesco , Villani Giovanni Q. , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Volterrani Maurizio , Seferovic Petar ,   on behalf of the Committee on Exercise Physiology & Training of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Published: July 2019

BackgroundExercise training programmes (ETPs) are a crucial component in cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure (HF) patients. The Exercise Training in HF (ExTraHF) survey has reported poor implementation of ETPs in countries affiliated to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). The aim of the present sub‐analysis was to investigate the regional variations in the implementation of ETPs for HF patients.Methods and resultsThe study was designed as a web‐based survey of cardiac units, divided into five areas, according to the geographical location of the countries surveyed. Overall, 172 centres replied to the survey, in charge of 78 514 patients, differentiated in 52 Northern (n = 15 040), 48 Southern (n = 27 127), 34 Western (n = 11 769), 24 Eastern European (n = 12 748), and 14 extra‐European centres (n = 11 830). Greater ETP implementation was observed in Western (76%) and Northern (63%) regions, whereas lower rates were seen in Southern (58%), Eastern European (50%) and extra‐European (36%) regions. The leading barrier was the lack of resources in all (83–65%) but Western region (37%) where patients were enrolled in dedicated settings and specialized units (75%). In 40% of centres, non‐inclusion of ETP in the national or local guideline pathway accounted for the lack of ETP implementation.ConclusionExercise training programmes are poorly implemented in the ESC affiliated countries, mainly because of the lack of resources and/or national and local guidelines. The linkage with dedicated cardiac rehabilitation centres (as in the Western region) or the model of local rehabilitation services adopted in Northern countries may be considered as options to overcome these gaps.
Metal Exchange Reactions in Metallothioneins Explored by Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Šestáková Ivana , Navrátil Tomáš , Josypčuk Bohdan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) are widely occurring, small, cysteine‐rich proteins, important for essential metal (Zn, Cu) homeostasis and transport and for heavy metal (Cd, Hg) detoxification. In buffered solutions of mammalian MT, voltammetry and potentiometric striping analysis (PSA) can distinguish different coordination of bound metals or follow their exchange, especially that of zinc and cadmium for copper, silver, and cobalt. The examples of different electrode applications as of hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), of silver solid amalgam (AgSAE) electrode, and of silica gel modified carbon paste electrode (SiO2‐CPE) are given.
Rapid and Selective Determination of Vanillin in the Presence of Caffeine, its Electrochemical Behavior on an Au Electrode Electropolymerized with 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thiol
Authors: Calam Tuğba Tabanlıgil , Uzun Demet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of vanillin (VAN) in the presence of caffeine (CAF) was studied on a gold (Au) electrode modified with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thiol (ATT) film by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The formation of the ATT film on the Au electrode surface was characterized by the CV, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. A single irreversible oxidation peak of the VAN was obtained by using the CV method. The determination of VAN in the presence of CAF was carried out at pH 4 in Britton Robinson buffer (BR) by the DPV method. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to the concentration of VAN in the range of 1.1 μM to 76.4 μM in the presence of CAF with the correlation coefficient of 0.997 and the detection limit of 0.19 μM (S/N=3). The selective determination of VAN in a commercial coffee sample was carried out with satisfactory results on the ATT‐Au modified electrode.
Resilience of Natural Phytoplankton Communities to Pulse Disturbances from Micropollutant Exposure and Vertical Mixing
Authors: Baho Didier L. , Leu Eva , Pomati Francesco , Hessen Dag O. , Norberg Jon , Moe S. Jannicke , Skjelbred Birger , Nizzetto Luca 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Freshwaters are increasingly exposed to complex mixtures of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from municipal wastewater, which are known to alter freshwater communities’ structure and functioning. However, their interaction with other disturbances and whether their combined effects can impact ecological resilience (i.e., the ability of a system to tolerate disturbances without altering the system's original structure and processes) remain unexplored. Using in situ mesocosms in 2 lakes with different nutrient levels (mesotrophic and eutrophic), we assessed whether a pulse exposure to sublethal concentrations of 12 PPCPs affects the ecological resilience of natural phytoplankton communities that experienced an abrupt environmental change involving the destabilization of the water column through mixing. Such mixing events are predicted to increase as the effects of climate change unfold, leading to more frequent storms, which disrupt stratification in lakes and force communities to restructure. We assessed their combined effects on community metrics (biomass, species richness, and composition) and their relative resilience using 4 indicators (cross-scale, within-scale, aggregation length, and gap length), inferred from phytoplankton communities by discontinuity analysis. The mixing disturbance alone had negligible effects on the community metrics, but when combined with chemical contaminants significant changes were measured: reducing total biomass, species richness, and altered community composition of phytoplankton. Once these changes occurred, they persisted until the end of the experiment (day 20), when the communities’ structures from the 2 highest exposure levels diverged from the controls. The resilience indicators were not affected by PPCPs but differed significantly between lakes, with lower resilience found in the eutrophic lake. Thus, PPCPs can significantly alter community structures and reinforce mechanisms that maintain ecosystems in a “degraded state.” Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2197–2208. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Genotoxic Response and Mortality in 3 Marine Copepods Exposed to Waterborne Copper
Authors: Sahlmann Andrea , Lode Torben , Heuschele Jan , Borgå Katrine , Titelman Josefin , Hylland Ketil 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal, but may also be toxic to aquatic organisms. Although many studies have investigated the cytotoxicity of Cu, little is known about the in vivo genotoxic potential of Cu in marine invertebrates. We investigated the genotoxicity of Cu in 2 pelagic calanoid copepods, Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis, and the intertidal harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis by exposing them for 6 and 72 h to waterborne Cu (0, 6, and 60 µg Cu/L). A subsequent 24-h period in filtered seawater was used to investigate delayed effects or recovery. Genotoxicity was evaluated as DNA strand breaks in individual copepods using the comet assay. Copper did not increase DNA strand breaks in any of the species at any concentration or time point. The treatment did, however, cause 100% mortality in A. tonsa following exposure to 60 µg Cu/L. Acartia tonsa and T. longicornis were more susceptible to Cu-induced mortality than the benthic harpacticoid T. brevicornis, which appeared to be unaffected by the treatments. The results show major differences in Cu susceptibility among the 3 copepods and also that acute toxicity of Cu to A. tonsa is not directly associated with genotoxicity. We also show that the comet assay can be used to quantify genotoxicity in individual copepods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2224–2232. © 2019 SETAC.
Abstract
Exposure of 3 marine copepods to waterborne Cu with genotoxicity measured as DNA strand breaks in individual copepods (comet assay) and mortality as end points. Acute toxicity, observed as mortality in Acartia tonsa, was not directly linked to DNA strand breaks.
Time-Variable Exposure Experiments in Conjunction with Higher Tier Population and Effect Modeling to Assess the Risk of Chlorotoluron to Green Algae
Authors: Weber Denis , Weyman Gabriel , Fruhmann Thomas , Gagniarre Marion , Minten Barbara , Memmert Ulrich 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An algae population model was applied to describe measured effects of pulsed exposure to chlorotoluron on populations of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in 2 laboratory flow-through chemostat tests with different exposure regimes. Both tests enabled evaluation of adverse effects on algae during the exposure and population recovery afterward. Impacts on population densities after chlorotoluron exposure were directly visible as biomass loss in the chemostats. Recovery was observed after each exposure peak. The test results indicate that P. subcapitata is unlikely to show an increased sensitivity to chlorotoluron after pulsed exposure. No altered response or adaptation of the algae to chlorotoluron was observed, with the exception of the last high peak in flow-through test 2. Therefore, an adaptation to the test substance cannot be excluded after long-term exposure. However, recovery to the steady-state level after this peak indicates that the growth rate (fitness) was not significantly reduced in the population with higher tolerance. No differences in chlorotoluron impact on the populations over time in terms of growth were detected. Model predictions agreed well with the measured data. The tests and modeling results validate the model to simulate population dynamics of P. subcapitata after pulsed exposure to chlorotoluron. Model predictions and extrapolations with different exposure patterns are considered reliable for chlorotoluron. The good reproducibility of the population behavior in the test systems supports this conclusion. An example modeled extrapolation of the experimental results to other (untested) exposure scenarios shows a potential approach to using the validated model as a supportive tool in risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2520–2534. © 2019 SETAC
The Effect of Microplastic Ingestion on Survival of the Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes pugio (Holthuis, 1949) Challenged with Vibrio campbellii
Authors: Leads Rachel R. , Burnett Karen G. , Weinstein John E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent research indicates that microplastic (&lt;5 mm) ingestion may impact the immune function of marine and aquatic organisms at the tissue and cellular levels; however, their susceptibility to disease following exposure has not been directly investigated. The objective of the present study was to directly evaluate the impact of microplastic ingestion on the susceptibility of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio to bacterial infection with Vibrio campbellii. Grass shrimp were exposed to one of several particle treatments (natural sediment, polyethylene spheres, polypropylene fragments, tire fragments, and polyester fibers) or particle-free water for 96 h at a nominal concentration of 50 000 particles/L prior to a bacterial challenge with V. campbellii. No significant mortality was observed among any of the particle types during the 96-h particle exposure. The survival of grass shrimp following V. campbellii challenge did not vary significantly among shrimp exposed to particle-free water, sediment, polyethylene spheres, polypropylene fragments, tire fragments, and polyester fibers. Grass shrimp cleared the majority of ingested particles and all the ventilated particles within 48 h. The present study shows that microplastic ingestion did not alter the susceptibility of grass shrimp to bacterial infection, and also provides depuration rates for a variety of microplastic shapes and polymer types that were previously lacking. This information increases our understanding of the size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic ingestion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2233–2242. © 2019 SETAC.
The effect of decision fatigue on surgeons' clinical decision making
Authors: Persson Emil , Barrafrem Kinga , Meunier Andreas , Tinghög Gustav 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe depleting effect of repeated decision making is often referred to as decision fatigue. Understanding how decision fatigue affects medical decision making is important for achieving both efficiency and fairness in health care. In this study, we investigate the potential role of decision fatigue in orthopedic surgeons' decisions to operate, exploiting a natural experiment whereby patient allocation to time slots is plausibly randomized at the level of the patient. Our results show that patients who met a surgeon toward the end of his or her work shift were 33 percentage points less likely to be scheduled for an operation compared with those who were seen first. In a logistic regression with doctor‐fixed effects and standard errors clustered at the level of the doctor, the odds of operation were estimated to decrease by 10.5% (odds ratio = 0.895, p < .001; 95% CI [0.842, 0.951]) for each additional patient appointment in the doctors' work shift. This pattern in surgeons' decision making is consistent with decision fatigue. Because long shifts are common in medicine, the effect of decision fatigue could be substantial and may have important implications for patient outcomes.
Omega‐3 and omega‐3/curcumin‐enriched fruit juices decrease tumour growth and reduce muscle wasting in tumour‐bearing mice
Authors: Busquets Sílvia , Marmonti Enrica , Oliva Francesc , Simoes Estefanía , Luna Daniel , Mathisen Janne Sand , López‐Soriano Francisco J. , Öhlander Maria , Argilés Josep M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of the administration of a juice containing essential nutrients (marine omega‐3 fatty acids: EPA and DHA, a polyphenol‐rich juice, vitamin D3, essential amino acids and dietary fibre) (CAX) and a juice also enriched with curcumin (CUR), alone or in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent (sorafenib) in a mouse cancer cachexia model.MethodsAdministration of CAX and CUR in the form of jellified pellets to mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma.ResultsAdministration of CAX and CUR in the form of jellified pellets to mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma resulted in a 12 and 18% reduction in tumour weight, respectively, but no additive effect in combination with sorafenib was seen. No effects on metastases measurements were observed. In spite of the reduction of the primary tumour, the chemotherapy treatment alone did not result in any changes in body weight. Conversely, in combination with sorafenib, both juices had an important effect on body weight loss. CUR also had an effect without chemotherapy. Concerning muscle weight, tibialis muscle mass was increased as a result of CAX and CUR treatment.ConclusionsIt is concluded that administration of omega‐3/protein and omega‐3/protein/curcumin‐enriched fruit juices may have beneficial effects on muscle wasting and could be part of a multi‐modal therapy for cancer cachexia.
High‐intensity interval training slows down tumor progression in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma
Authors: Alves Christiano R. R. , das Neves Willian , Tobias Gabriel C. , de Almeida Ney R. , Barreto Raphael F. , Melo Camila M. , Carneiro Camila de G. , Garcez Alexandre T. , Faria Daniele de P. , Chammas Roger , Brum Patricia C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine whether a short‐term high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol could counteract tumor progression in an experimental model of lung cancer.MethodsMice were injected subcutaneously with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells and then randomly assigned into two groups: sedentary mice (LLC group) or mice submitted to HIIT (LLC + HIIT group).ResultsLLC + HIIT group had lower tumor mass than LLC group (‐52% after 18 days), with no differences in glycolytic activity as measured by PET/CT imaging. HIIT increased Cd274 (PD‐L1) mRNA expression by ~6 folds and Vegfa mRNA expression by 2.5 folds, suggesting that HIIT stimulates local inflammation and angiogenesis in LLC tumors. Additionally, HIIT improved running capacity, skeletal muscle contractility and survival rate in LLC tumor‐bearing mice.ConclusionsThese novel findings demonstrate that a short‐term HIIT protocol slows down tumor progression, ultimately increasing survival in LLC tumor‐bearing mice. Thus, this study provides novel pre‐clinical evidence that exercise training may be a beneficial co‐therapy for lung cancer.
Reduced expression of calcitonin receptor is closely associated with age‐related loss of the muscle stem cell pool
Authors: Ikemoto‐Uezumi Madoka , Uezumi Akiyoshi , Zhang Lidan , Zhou Heying , Hashimoto Naohiro , Okamura Kikuo , Matsui Yasumoto , Tsukazaki Koji , Hosoyama Tohru , Nakatani Masashi , Morita Mitsuhiro , Yamada Harumoto , Tsuchida Kunihiro , Fukada So‐ichiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMuscle regenerative capacity reduces during aging. Decline in the muscle stem cell (MuSC) pool is thought to be a cause of age‐related muscle regeneration insufficiency. However, why the number of MuSCs decreases with age remains unclear. We previously found that the calcitonin receptor (Calcr) is expressed by MuSCs and plays a pivotal role in maintaining the MuSC pool. In this study, we examined whether Calcr is involved in the age‐related decrease in MuSC number.Methods and resultsCalcr expression in MuSCs was assessed by immunofluorescence staining using muscle sections during postnatal growth and during aging. The role of Calcr during development, postnatal growth and adult stage was examined using mice conditionally deleted Calcr in myogenic lineage cells. To explore the significance of Calcr signaling on age‐related changes in MuSC number, expression levels of endogenous Calcr ligands were examined. Immunohistological examination revealed that Calcr expression grew stronger as MuSCs became quiescent. Conditional Calcr deletion in early myogenic lineage cells did not affect the initial capacity of the MuSC pool, but promoted age‐dependent MuSC loss. Expression of endogenous Calcr ligands remained unchanged with aging. Calcr expression in MuSCs, however, decreased significantly in aged muscle compared with young muscle in both mice and humans, and this reduction was accompanied by a loss of MuSCs.ConclusionsOur study revealed significant reduction of Calcr in MuSCs with age, possibly leading to age‐related loss of the MuSC pool. Thus, Calcr signaling could represent a promising target for preventing aging‐associated muscle regeneration insufficiency.