bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All His Father’s Sins
Authors: Larsen Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the life and thought of John Stuart Mill’s father, James Mill. It seeks to unravel his journey from pursuing the calling of an ordained Christian minister in the Church of Scotland to parting ways with the Christian faith altogether. It will also seek to understand James Mill’s mature critique of religion, as well as that of his friend the Utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, the author of several works critical of traditional Christianity. The unhappy marriage of John Stuart Mill’s parents is presented as a vital background for understanding his future choices and convictions. The Christian identity of his mother and siblings are also presented.
More Exceedingly Zealous
Authors: Larsen Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of Mill as a young, polemical Benthamite and Utilitarian filled with zeal to reform the world. It follows him as he made friends (especially George John Graham and John Arthur Roebuck), founded societies and clubs, and felt the thrill of being the uncompromising champion of a radical ideology. It discusses his defence of, and interest in, the controversial plebeian freethinker Richard Carlile. Later, Mill himself would view this as a period of his life when he was a fanatic ‘sectarian’ with a ‘narrow creed’. If John Stuart Mill ever was an atheist, it was at this time in his life.
The Lion Shall Lie Down With the Lamb
Authors: Larsen Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
As his time of crisis abated, Mill found himself attracted to voices beyond the confines of—even antithetical to—the ‘sect’ in which he had been raised: notably, S. T. Coleridge, the Saint-Simonians, Auguste Comte, and Thomas Carlyle, the author of Sartor Resartus. From Comte, Mill gained a theory of history that allowed him to appreciate the contribution that traditional institutions had made. Mill also made his best male friend, the Anglican clergyman John Sterling. Out of this period would emerge a lifelong instinct to try to create a via media between two ostensibly opposing ideologies or viewpoints. This mediating approach found expression in his articles, ‘Bentham’ and ‘Coleridge’. Mill added Romanticism to his Enlightenment birthright.
And They Shall be One Flesh
Authors: Larsen Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of the death of Harriet’s first husband, John Taylor, and her second marriage to Mill. For decades, Mill was deeply frustrated that his relationship with Harriet could not have a public, social existence. This chapter chronicles Mill’s delight in the married state and in finally being able to say that Harriet was his wife. Mill even saw this relationship in Christian and biblical terms, declaring: ‘My wife and I are one’. Finally, this chapter explores Mill’s attempts to find language for Harriet’s greatness and to convince the world of her high worth. Ironically, the author of A System of Logic discovered that one of the most important things which he wanted to convince the world of was something that he could not prove.
Multilayer Networks
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Multilayer networks are formed by several networks that interact with each other and co-evolve. Multilayer networks include social networks, financial markets, transportation systems, infrastructures and molecular networks and the brain. The multilayer structure of these networks strongly affects the properties of dynamical and stochastic processes defined on them, which can display unexpected characteristics. For example, interdependencies between different networks of a multilayer structure can cause cascades of failure events that can dramatically increase the fragility of these systems; spreading of diseases, opinions and ideas might take advantage of multilayer network topology and spread even when its single layers cannot sustain an epidemic when taken in isolation; diffusion on multilayer transportation networks can significantly speed up with respect to diffusion on single layers; finally, the interplay between multiplexity and controllability of multilayer networks is a problem with major consequences in financial, transportation, molecular biology and brain networks. This field is one of the most prosperous recent developments of Network Science and Data Science. Multilayer networks include multiplex networks, multi-slice temporal networks, networks of networks, interdependent networks. Multilayer networks are characterized by having a highly correlated multilayer network structure, providing a significant advantage for extracting information from them using multilayer network measures and centralities and community detection methods. The multilayer network dynamics (including percolation, epidemic spreading, diffusion, synchronization, game theory and control) is strongly affected by the multilayer network topology. This book will present a comprehensive account of this emerging field.
The Dynamics on Single Networks
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter provides the relevant background on the network dynamics of complex networks formed by just one layer (single networks). Emergent properties of network dynamics are characterized using the framework of phase transitions. The major results on robustness of complex networks, percolation theory and epidemic spreading are presented, revealing the rich interplay between network structure and function. In this context particular emphasis is given to the implications of the scale-free network topology on these dynamical processes. Diffusion processes and synchronization and controllability are characterized on networks, revealing the relevance of spectral properties and peripheral nodes for determining their dynamical behaviour.
The Mathematical Definition
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis chapter provides the mathematical definition of multilayer networks and it is of fundamental importance for the rest of the book. The mathematical definition of multilayer networks is given in full generality and subsequently applied to specific types of multilayer networks including multiplex networks, multi-slice networks and networks of networks, motivating the discussion with examples and applications. The fundamental terminology used in multilayer networks is here introduced, including replica nodes, supernetworks and the supra-adjacency matrix. Additionally, this chapter describes the most efficient way to store a multilayer network dataset using a Multilayer Network Edgelist. Although this chapter focuses mostly on a matrix formalism to describe multilayer networks, a paragraph is devoted to the tensorial formalism for studying multilayer networks.
Misery to Mirth
Authors: Newton Hannah 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The history of early modern medicine often makes for depressing reading. It implies that people fell ill, took ineffective remedies, and died. This book seeks to rebalance and brighten our overall picture of early modern health by focusing on the neglected subject of recovery from illness in England, c.1580–1720. Drawing on an array of archival and printed materials, Misery to Mirth shows that recovery did exist conceptually at this time, and that it was a widely reported phenomenon. The book takes three main perspectives: the first is physiological or medical, asking what doctors and laypeople meant by recovery, and how they thought it occurred. This includes a discussion of convalescent care, a special branch of medicine designed to restore strength to the patient’s fragile body after illness. Secondly, the book adopts the viewpoint of patients themselves: it investigates how they reacted to the escape from death, the abatement of pain and suffering, and the return to normal life and work. At the heart of getting better was contrast—from ‘paine to ease, sadnesse to mirth, prison to liberty, and death to life’. The third perspective concerns the patient’s loved ones; it shows that family and friends usually shared the feelings of patients, undergoing a dramatic transformation from anguish to elation. This mirroring of experiences, known as ‘fellow-feeling’, reveals the depth of love between many individuals. Through these discussions, the book opens a window onto some of the most profound, as well as the more prosaic, aspects of early modern existence, from attitudes to life and death, to details of what convalescents ate for supper and wore in bed.
Processes and Precipitates
Authors: Simons Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBiology is about things: organisms, but also about the processes in which they and their parts are involved as participants—reproduction, growth, respiration, hibernation, migration, interaction, selection, adaptation, evolution. The deeper one goes, the more these processes seem to matter—processes such as mitosis, meiosis, catabolism, anabolism, and so on. Yet at each stage we are confronted with the same dichotomy between things and the processes in which they are involved, down to molecules and their reactions. Is it possible to conceptualize a metaphysically superior revisionist biology in which everything basic is processual, without losing touch with the things of standard biological discourse? This chapter argues that it is, by understanding continuant things as precipitates of processes and thus by construing the whole organic sphere as au fond processual.
Genidentity and Biological Processes
Authors: Pradeu Thomas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A crucial question for a process view of life is how to identify a process and how to follow it through time. The genidentity view (first proposed by Kurt Lewin and later elaborated by Hans Reichenbach) can contribute decisively to this project. It says that the identity through time of an entity X is given by a well-identified series of continuous states of affairs. Genidentity helps address the problem of diachronic identity in the living world. This chapter describes the centrality of the concept of genidentity for David Hull and proposes an extension of Hull’s view to the ubiquitous phenomenon of symbiosis. Finally, using immunology as a key example, it shows that the genidentity view suggests that the main interest of a process approach is epistemological rather than ontological and that its principal claim is one of priority, namely that processes precede and define things, and not vice versa.
Persons as Biological Processes
Authors: Meincke Anne Sophie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Human persons exist longer than a single moment in time; they persist through time. However, so far it has not been possible to make this natural and widespread assumption metaphysically comprehensible. The philosophical debate on personal identity is rather stuck in a dilemma: reductionist theories explain personal identity away, while non-reductionist theories fail to give any informative account at all. This chapter argues that this dilemma emerges from an underlying commitment, shared by both sides in the debate, to an ontology that gives priority to static unchanging things. The claim defended here is that the dilemma of personal identity can be overcome if we acknowledge the biological nature of human persons and switch to a process-ontological framework that takes process and change to be ontologically primary. Human persons are biological higher-order processes rather than things, and their identity conditions can be scientifically investigated.
Resource Extraction and Inclusive Development
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Abdulai Abdul-Gafaru , Bebbington Denise Humphreys , Hinfelaar Marja , Sanborn Cynthia A. , Achberger Jessica , Huber Celina Grisi , Hurtado Verónica , Ramírez Tania , Odell Scott D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis chapter develops a conceptual framework for understanding the politics of extractive industry governance. Building from the work of Karl, Ross, Watts, and others, and their efforts to understand the political drivers and consequences of the resource curse, the chapter proposes an approach that also engages with political settlements theory, addressing the political implications of the materiality of natural resources and the politics of ideas surrounding resource governance. The chapter then introduces a programme of cross-country, comparative research designed to address the relationships among political settlements, extractive industry, and patterns of development; describes the questions that guided this research; and presents the methods used.
Political Settlements, Natural Resource Extraction, and Inclusion in Bolivia
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Abdulai Abdul-Gafaru , Bebbington Denise Humphreys , Hinfelaar Marja , Sanborn Cynthia A. , Achberger Jessica , Huber Celina Grisi , Hurtado Verónica , Ramírez Tania , Odell Scott D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBolivia’s natural resources have served as a ‘mechanism of trade’ mobilized by competing interest groups to build coalitions, create political pacts, and negotiate political settlements in which dominant actors attempt to win over those resistant to a particular vision of development and/or governance. These pacts and settlements are revisited constantly, reflecting the weak and fragmented power of the central state and of the elite and persistent tensions between national and subnational elites. Ideas about, and modes of, natural resource governance have been central to periods of instability and stability, and to significant periods of political rupture. The period since 2006 has been characterized by a stable settlement involving an alliance between the presidency, his dominant party, and national social movements. This settlement is sustained through bargains with parts of the economic elite and subnational actors with holding power, as well as through ideas of resource nationalism and state-led developmentalism.
Competitive Clientelism and the Political Economy of Mining in Ghana
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Abdulai Abdul-Gafaru , Bebbington Denise Humphreys , Hinfelaar Marja , Sanborn Cynthia A. , Achberger Jessica , Huber Celina Grisi , Hurtado Verónica , Ramírez Tania , Odell Scott D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis chapter highlights the centrality of clientelist political pressures in explaining why over 100 years of mineral resource extraction has failed to translate into broad-based development in Ghana. Contrary to studies that highlight the role of inclusive political settlements for the effective management of mineral rents, we find that broad-based elite inclusion also risks undermining the effective management of rents for long-term development in contexts where rents are deployed with the aim of ‘buying-off’ elites who can potentially undermine the stability of ruling coalitions. All ruling coalitions have allocated significant shares of mineral rents to chiefs not necessarily for the socio-economic development of mineral-rich communities, but mainly because political elites want to avoid provoking resistance from a group that brokers land and votes in rural areas. Under such circumstances, inclusive political settlements may at best result in unproductive peace, as substantial mineral resources are shared for consumption rather than development.
Interplay between SUMOylation and NEDDylation regulates RPL11 localization and function
Authors: El Motiam Ahmed , Vidal Santiago , De La Cruz-Herrera Carlos F. , Da Silva-Álvarez Sabela , Baz-Martínez Maite , Seoane Rocío , Vidal Anxo , Rodríguez Manuel S. , Xirodimas Dimitris P. , Carvalho Ana Sofia , Beck Hans Christian , Matthiesen Rune , Collado Manuel , Rivas Carmen 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) integrates different types of stress into a p53‐mediated response. Here, we analyzed the impact of the ubiquitin‐like protein SUMO on the RPL11‐mouse double‐minute 2 homolog‐p53 signaling. We show that small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO)1 and SUMO2 covalently modify RPL11. We find that SUMO negatively modulates the conjugation of the ubiquitin‐like protein neural precursor cell‐expressed developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8) to RPL11 and promotes the translocation of the RP outside of the nucleoli. Moreover, the SUMO‐conjugating enzyme, Ubc9, is required for RPL11‐mediated activation of p53. SUMOylation of RPL11 is triggered by ribosomal stress, as well as by alternate reading frame protein upregulation. Collectively, our data identify SUMO protein conjugation to RPL11 as a new regulator of the p53‐mediated cellular response to different types of stress and reveal a previously unknown SUMO‐NEDD8 interplay.—El Motiam, A., Vidal, S., de la Cruz‐Herrera, C. F., Da Silva‐Álvarez, S., Baz‐Martínez, M., Seoane, R., Vidal, A., Rodríguez, M. S., Xirodimas, D. P., Carvalho, A. S., Beck, H. C., Matthiesen, R., Collado, M., Rivas, C. Interplay between SUMOylation and NEDDylation regulates RPL11 localization and function. FASEB J. 33, 643–651 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Clinical Evaluation of Portable Wound Volumetric Measurement Devices
Authors: Chiang Nathaniel , Rodda Odette A , Kang Anna , Sleigh Jamie , Vasudevan Thodur 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
Wound dimensional assessments are important in determining the progress of a wound and the effect of interventions on wound healing. The FastSCAN (FS; Polhemus Inc, Colchester, Vermont) and Silhouette Mobile (SM; ARANZ Medical, Christchurch, New Zealand) are portable devices that quantify surface area, depth, and volume of wounds. This study evaluated their reliability in producing accurate wound measurements.

DESIGN AND SETTING:
This study was conducted at the Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.

PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION:
Eleven vascular patients with a combined total of 16 wounds underwent simultaneous wound measurements using three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstruction, FS, and SM.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
The validity of FS and SM was tested against CT. Additionally, the interoperator reliability and intraoperator reliability of FS and SM were determined.

MAIN RESULTS:
The intraoperator reliability and interoperator reliability for volume recordings of the SM were 0.97 and 0.97, respectively, and for the FS were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. The FS and SM measurements were not significantly different from CT. The SM consistently produced smaller wound volume and depth measurements compared with CT. In contrast, overestimation was observed for FS when compared with CT. However, the volume measurements in one wound were anomalous, being 10 times larger than CT measurements. Excluding this wound, there were strong correlations in wound volumes for SM and CT (r = 0.81; P ≤ .0001), for FS and CT (r = 0.99; P ≤ .001), and for SM and FS (r = 0.99; P ≤ .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Measurements from FS and SM were comparable to CT. Therefore, SM and FS devices both offer the benefit of being noncontact portable devices that produce reproducible and reliable readings.
Conjunctival provocation tests: prediction of seasonal allergy
Authors: Schröder Julian , Mösges Ralph 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
The conjunctival provocation test (CPT) is often used to clearly identify the specific allergen causing the symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis but also to assess the clinical efficacy of an allergen immunotherapy (AIT). As there is no consensus about its predictive value, the aim of this publication is to evaluate under which conditions the CPT can predict the symptom severity during the allergy season after previous AIT.

Recent findings
Three out of four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed a correlation between CPT reactivity and symptoms occurring under natural allergen exposure after previous AIT. Furthermore, one RCT found that performing the CPT 4 weeks after initiating AIT can identify early responders who also show a benefit during the season. Another RCT suggested that conducting the CPT prior to starting AIT can be used to identify patients who may benefit more from treatment than others.

Summary
The assessment of the reviewed literature led us to the conclusion that the CPT has a predictive value and can consequently be used to assess the efficacy of an administered AIT if performed according to a standardized challenge protocol with high-quality allergen extracts.
Topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and dual-action agents in ocular allergy: current trends
Authors: Ben-Eli Hadas , Solomon Abraham 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
To address the current trends of therapeutic mechanisms for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (AC), based on topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers (MCS).

Recent findings
The antihistamine drug alcaftadine has H4 receptor inverse agonism, anti-inflammatory and MCS activities. The antihistamines levocabastine and azelastine are more effective than placebo in treatment of AC symptoms in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The topical dual-action antihistamines/MCS olopatadine, azelastine, ketotifen, and epinastine are commonly used in Europe and in the United States for mild subtypes of AC. For the main symptoms of AC, ocular itch and conjunctival hyperemia, epinastine 0.05% was superior to placebo, but equal or more effective than olopatadine 0.1%, while the later was more effective than ketotifen. High concentration olopatadine 0.77% had longer duration of action, better efficacy on ocular itch, and a similar safety profile to low-concentration olopatadine 0.2%. The new formulas of topical dual-action agents present longer duration of action, leading to a decreased frequency of use.

Summary
The topical dual-action agents are the most effective agents treating signs and symptoms of mild forms of AC. There is superiority to the high-concentration olopatadine drug over other agents on ocular itch, with prolonged effect when used once-daily.
Cosmetics and ocular allergy
Authors: Norris Matthew R. , Bielory Leonard 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review was to explore recent developments in the study of ocular cosmetics, as they pertain to adverse reactions that can be attributed to them.

Recent findings
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to cosmetics are most commonly the result of sensitization to preservatives, fragrances and dyes used in these products. Metals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium and lead are used in products such as eye shadows and eye liners as well as toy makeup sets in amounts greater than the recommended amount of 1 ppm. Cosmetics make up the majority of fragrance-induced contact dermatitis. Recently, a free smartphone app was developed by American Contact Dermatitis Society that holds promise in better enabling patients to utilize their patch test data while shopping for cosmetics.

Summary
Both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions linked to cosmetics are often the result of sensitization to preservatives, fragrances and additives in the products themselves. Despite significant advances in our understanding of these reactions, further research will be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms behind these reactions and bring this knowledge to the bedside as to improve patient care with potential cosmetic-based related allergic disorders.