bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization in patients withFLT3‐mutated and wild‐type acute myeloid leukemia: A medical chart study
Authors: Griffin James D. , Yang Hongbo , Song Yan , Kinrich David , Shah Manasee V. , Bui Cat N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess real‐world treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) among patients withFLT3–mutated (FLT3mut) andFLT3–wild‐type (FLT3wt) acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsData were abstracted from medical charts of patients with AML from 10 countries. Patients were grouped based on theirFLT3mutation status, age (18‐64 or ≥65), and whether they were newly diagnosed (ND) or relapsed/refractory (R/R).ResultsCharts of 1027 AML patients were included (183FLT3mut18‐64 ND; 136FLT3mut≥65 ND; 181FLT3mutR/R; 186FLT3wt18‐64 ND; 159FLT3wt≥65 ND; 182FLT3wtR/R). Substantial heterogeneity was observed in treatment patterns for AML. Among ND patients 18‐64, the most common initial treatment was standard‐to‐intermediate dose cytarabine‐based therapies (43.2% forFLT3mutand 55.9% forFLT3wt); among ND patients ≥65, the most common initial treatment was hypomethylating agent‐based therapies (36.0% and 47.2%). Among R/R patients, the most common initial treatment after R/R was best supportive care only (39.8% and 24.7%). HRU was substantial across cohorts during both event‐free and post‐event periods.ConclusionsTreatment patterns of AML were heterogeneous andFLT3mutAML was treated more aggressively thanFLT3wtdisease. HRU was substantial for all cohorts, particularly after relapse or treatment failure.
Molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes with deletion 5q
Authors: Lee Jung‐hoon , List Alan , Sallman David A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe molecular pathogenesis of deletion 5q (del(5q)) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has recently been realized as a result of major advances in our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for clinical phenotype. Identification of commonly deleted genes such as RPS14, miRNA‐145, HSPA9, CD78, and CSNK1a1 have elucidated the precise biological changes responsible for the anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytosis that characterizes del(5q) MDS and highlighted the importance of allelic haploinsufficiency in the hematological phenotype. Recent elegant investigations have also identified a critical role of innate immune signaling in del(5q) pathogenesis. TP53 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways have also been found to be involved in clonal expansion and progression of the disease as well as resistance and poor outcomes to available therapy. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the disease has provided a critical foundation in identifying the biological targets of lenalidomide in del(5q) MDS, which has led to the development of novel therapeutic agents in hematologic malignancies as well as potential alternative targets to exploit in patients who have failed lenalidomide treatment.
Partitioning of sources of N2O from soil treated with different types of fertilizers by the acetylene inhibition method and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Lin Wei , Ding Junjun , Li Yuzhong , Zhang Wei , Ahmad Rasheed , Xu Chunying , Mao Lili , Qiang Xiaojing , Zheng Qian , Li Qiaozhen 
Published: December 2018

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the major human‐induced greenhouse gases. It has a large potential for global warming, a long lifetime and can deplete ozone. In China, nitrogenous fertilizer is an important source of N2O in agricultural soils, especially in vegetable production, where large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers are commonly used. Isotopomer ratios of N2O, oxygen and bulk nitrogen isotope values (δ18O and δ15Nbulk) and intramolecular 15N site preferences (SP) have recently been used to identify the sources of N2O. In this study, vegetable farm soil was incubated with manure (M), compound fertilizers (CF) and no fertilizers (NF). The acetylene inhibition method and a 15N isotopic technique were used to reveal the most likely microbial processes leading to N2O emissions. The results showed that the M treatment produced smaller N2O emissions than the CF treatment of the soil. Nitrifier denitrification or denitrifier denitrification made the greatest contribution to N2O production in the M treatment, accounting for approximately 60–89% of N2O production, whereas it was 25–55% and 37–66% in the CF and NF treatments under non‐acetylene conditions, respectively. Under non‐acetylene conditions, N2O reduction to N2 was largest for treatment M (32–90%), intermediate for NF (42–77%) and smallest for CF (20–51%). The results also showed that nitrifier nitrification and N2O reduction were partly inhibited under acetylene conditions, with a relative contribution of 9–20% and 0–83% for M, 39–48% and 0–46% for CF, and 25–35% and 0–56% for NF, respectively. Our results suggest that analysing isotopomer ratios of N2O with SP would be a practical approach for determining the contributions of microbial processes to N2O emissions from different pools in soil. The results revealed that manure produced smaller N2O emissions and promoted relatively larger rates of denitrification and N2O reduction than compound fertilizers with the same amount of N, which indicated that complementing chemical with manure fertilizers might help to reduce N2O emissions on vegetable‐producing land.Highlights
We investigated emissions and sources of N2O with different types of fertilizers.
For the same amount of N, manure produced less N2O than compound fertilizer.
Stable isotope analysis revealed that denitrification was the dominant process in the manure treatment.
The acetylene inhibition method can supplement δ15Nbulk compared with the SP model to assess N2O reduction in soil.
A new method to trace colloid transport pathways in macroporous soils using X‐ray computed tomography and fluorescence macrophotography
Authors: Soto‐Gómez Diego , Pérez‐Rodríguez Paula , Vázquez Juíz Laura , López‐Periago José E. , Paradelo Pérez Marcos 
Published: December 2018

The fast and deep percolation of particles through soil is attributed to preferential flow pathways, and their extent can be critical in the filtering of particulate pollutants in soil. Particle deposition on the pore walls and transport between the pores and matrix modulate the preferential flow of particulate pollutants. In the present research, we developed a novel method of combining fluorescence macrophotography and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) to track preferential pathways of colloidal fluorescent microspheres (MS) in breakthrough experiments. We located accumulations of MS by fluorescence imaging and used them to delimit the deposition structures along the preferential colloid pathways by superimposing these images on the 3‐D pore network obtained from CT. Advection–diffusion with transport parameters from the dual‐porosity equation correlated with preferential pathway features across different soil management techniques. However, management did not influence the morphology of the MS preferential pathways. Preferential flow occurred in only a small fraction of the total pore network and was controlled by pores connected to the soil surface and by matrix density.Highlights

X‐ray tomography and epifluorescence images were combined to identify preferential pathways in soil.
Preferential pathways constituted approximately 1% of the soil bulk volume.
Correlations between descriptors of preferential pathways and colloid transport were found.
Tillage influenced the morphology of pores, but not the shape of preferential pathways.
Dietary oxidised lipids, health consequences and novel food technologies that thwart food lipid oxidation: an update
Authors: Jackson Victoria , Penumetcha Meera 
Published: December 2018

SummaryProcessed foods are popular and their consumption is expected to grow globally. Food processing and manufacturing promote lipid oxidation in foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. This review focuses on how various food manufacturing/processing techniques promote lipid oxidation in grains, meats and meat products, dairy and fats/oils. This review also considers emerging evidence from animal and human studies that suggest a link between dietary oxidised lipid consumption and chronic disease risk. An update on novel food technologies that limit food lipid oxidation is discussed so as to inform both food scientists and dietitians/nutritionists to direct future efforts in not only continuing to bring these novel technologies to the market place but also conduct clinical trials to establish their role in human health.
Ensuring the future of functional foods
Authors: Birch Catherine S. , Bonwick Graham A. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryConsumption of functional foods suggests a strategy to reduce the incidence of chronic health disorders. This message has resonated with consumers and driven market growth. Functional food research has significantly increased over the last decade but few studies have addressed the bioavailability of active ingredients for clinical efficacy. Baked goods such as bread, biscuits and cake are popular categories for innovation due to their widespread consumption. These new developments have often impacted on organoleptic properties of the finished products and thus consumer acceptance. Blending of bioactive ingredients may overcome this deficit. However, an understanding of the role of the microbiome in health has indicated that the efficacy of functional foods is unlikely to be uniform within the population. Further growth in the functional foods market, is likely to require greater evidence of the bioavailability of active ingredients, clinical effect and support for health claims by regulators especially in the EU.
Predictors of renal function after open and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: A propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Yu Young Dong , Nguyen Ngoc Ha , Ryu Ho Young , Hong Sung Kyu , Byun Seok‐Soo , Lee Sangchul 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate parameters predicting short‐ and long‐term renal function after open partial nephrectomy and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.MethodsMedical records of 896 patients who underwent open partial nephrectomy or robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy from 2004 to 2017 at a single large‐volume institution were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching of open partial nephrectomy and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy group was carried out with a ratio of 1:1. Postoperative outcomes were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify the parameters influencing acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease progression.ResultsNo significant differences in preoperative characteristics were observed between the two study groups after matching. Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy was significantly associated with a longer warm ischemic time (P < 0.001) yet, estimated blood loss, positive surgical margin, rates of major postoperative complications and chronic kidney disease progression were significantly lower in the robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy group (P < 0.001, 0.033, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.005, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy was more favorable than open partial nephrectomy in terms of preserving renal function. Patients with a higher baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly associated with a greater risk of acute kidney injury (odds ratio 1.036; 95% confidence interval 1.021–1.052; P < 0.001), but a decreased risk of chronic kidney disease progression (odds ratio 0.975; 95% confidence interval 0.955–0.994; P = 0.011). Other independent predictors of chronic kidney disease progression were warm ischemic time (P = 0.025), age (P = 0.035), body mass index (P = 0.041) and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.035).ConclusionsBaseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, warm ischemic time and surgery type are independent predictors of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease progression. Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy is more favorable than open partial nephrectomy for reducing estimated blood loss, positive surgical margin, major postoperative complications and renal function preservation.
Minding the Gap: Bias, Soft Structures, and the Double Life of Social Norms
Authors: Davidson Lacey J. , Kelly Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe argue that work on norms provides a way to move beyond debates between proponents of individualist and structuralist approaches to bias, oppression, and injustice. We briefly map out the geography of that debate before presenting Charlotte Witt's view, showing how her position, and the normative ascriptivism at its heart, seamlessly connects individuals to the social reality they inhabit. We then describe recent empirical work on the psychology of norms and locate the notions of informal institutions and soft structures with respect to it. Finally, we argue that the empirical resources enrich Witt's ascriptivism, and that the resulting picture shows theorists need not, indeed should not, choose between either the individualist or structuralist camp.
Investment and financing decisions of private and public firms
Authors: Drobetz Wolfgang , Janzen Malte , Meier Iwan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe examine differences in the allocation of cash flow between Western European private and public firms. Public firms have a higher investment‐cash flow sensitivity than comparable private firms. This difference is not attributable to more severe financing constraints of public firms. Instead, because differences in investment‐cash flow sensitivities are only observed for the unexpected portion of firms’ cash flow, the empirical evidence supports an agency‐based explanation. Similar patterns are observable for the expected and unexpected portion of firms’ shareholder distributions. Our results are driven by firms from countries with low ownership concentration and more liquid stock markets, where shareholders have lower incentives to monitor. The results are also more pronounced for public firms with low industry Tobin's q and high free cash flow, which are more prone to suffer from agency problems.
Immunization with cell‐free‐generated vaccine protects from Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced alveolar bone loss
Authors: Huang Nasi , Shimomura Elyse , Yin Gang , Tran Cuong , Sato Aaron , Steiner Alex , Heibeck Tyler , Tam Michelle , Fairman Jeffery , Gibson Frank C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionPeriodontal diseases (PD) are complex oral inflammatory diseases initiated by keystone bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. A vaccine for PD is desirable as clinical treatment involves protracted maintenance strategies aimed to retain dentition. Although prior immunization approaches targeting P. gingivalis have reported variable success in limiting facets of disease such as oral bone loss, it remains that a vaccine for this disease may be attainable.AimTo investigate cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) as a platform to produce vaccinable targets suitable for efficacy testing in a P. gingivalis‐induced murine oral bone loss model.Materials and MethodsRecombinantly generated P. gingivalis minor fimbriae protein (Mfa1), RgpA gingipain hemagglutinin domain 1 (HA1), and RgpA gingipain hemagglutinin domain 2 (HA2) were combined in equivalent doses in adjuvants and injected intramuscularly to immunize mice. Serum levels of protein‐specific antibody were measured by ELISA, and oral bone levels were defined by morphometrics.ResultsRecombinantly generated P. gingivalis proteins possessed high fidelity to predicted size and elicited protein‐specific IgG following immunization. Importantly, immunization with the vaccine cocktail protected from P. gingivalis elicited oral bone loss.ConclusionThese data verify the utility of the CFPS technology to synthesize proteins that have the capacity to serve as novel vaccines.
Kbtbd11 gene expression in adipose tissue increases in response to feeding and affects adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Watanabe Kazuhisa , Yoshida Ken , Iwamoto Sadahiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe putative tumor suppressor gene, KBTBD11, might play a role in tumorigenesis, and is associated with cellular apoptosis and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. However, the function of Kbtbd11 during adipogenesis is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Kbtbd11 in the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes.Materials and MethodsFor the fasting–refeeding protocol, mice were subjected to fasting for 24 h, followed by a chow diet for 12 h. Adenovirus infection methods were used to examine the effect of Kbtbd11, and 3T3‐L1 cells were analyzed with Oil Red O staining and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe white adipose tissue expression of Kbtbd11 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was significantly higher in the re‐fed state than in the fasted state. Kbtbd11 mRNA levels were markedly increased in epididymal white adipose tissue of diet‐induced obesity mice compared with those in the mice fed a chow diet. In addition, Kbtbd11 mRNA expression was increased in a differentiation‐dependent manner in 3T3‐L1 cells. Knockdown of Kbtbd11 mRNA through the infection with adenoviral vectors remarkably inhibited triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells. In contrast, the overexpression of Kbtbd11 promoted the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.ConclusionsThe present findings show that Kbtbd11 expression might be involved in nutritional regulation and is increased in obese adipose tissue. In addition, Kbtbd11 appears to be required for the differentiation of adipocytes in 3T3‐L1 cells. Collectively, these results show a novel link between the expression of Kbtbd11 and fat accumulation, and suggest that Kbtbd11 is a new therapeutic target for obesity.
Discrepancy of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody results between RSR radioimmunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in patients with type 1 diabetes is related to autoantibody affinity
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Okada Akira , Uchida Aira , Fukuyama Takahiro , Sagara Yoko , Nakano Yuko , Tamai Hidekazu , Tojikubo Masayuki , Koga Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAim/IntroductionAutoantibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) are a valuable diagnostic and predictive marker for type 1 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that a significant proportion of sera in the commercial RSR radioimmunoassay (RIA) that have tested positive for GADA have then turned negative in RSR enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests in patients with type 1 diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate whether the GADA result discrepancies between RSR‐RIA and RSR‐ELISA are related to autoantibody affinity.MethodsGADA affinity was measured by a competitive binding experiment using unlabeled recombinant human GAD65 in 12 discordant samples (5 RIA[+]/ELISA[−] and 7 RIA[−]/ELISA[+] sera). Furthermore, the effect of the initial incubation time on the GADA positivity was also examined using the ELISA test.ResultsGADA affinities were >1010 L/mol in two of five RIA(+)/ELISA(−) and all of seven RIA(−)/ELISA(+) sera. After an initial incubation time longer than the recommended 1 h, the GADA titer in three of five RIA(+)/ELISA(−) sera and all RIA(−)/ELISA(+) sera increased 1.6‐ to 100‐fold. However, the titer in 12 GADA‐negative sera from healthy controls remained unchanged after the longer incubation. The increment ratio of GADA titer was positively correlated with GADA affinity (r = 0.991, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe RSR‐RIA test identifies both high‐ and low‐affinity GADA, whereas the RSR‐ELISA test identifies only high‐affinity GADA. A longer initial incubation time in the RSR‐ELISA test increases the sensitivity of GADA with the same specificity in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Peroxisomes in plant reproduction and seed‐related development
Authors: Pan Ronghui , Liu Jun , Hu Jianping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPeroxisomes are small multi‐functional organelles essential for plant development and growth. Plant peroxisomes play various physiological roles, including phytohormone biosynthesis, lipid catabolism, reactive oxygen species metabolism and many others. Mutant analysis demonstrated key roles for peroxisomes in plant reproduction, seed development and germination and post‐germinative seedling establishment; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes findings that reveal the importance and complexity of the role of peroxisomes in the pertinent processes. The β‐oxidation pathway plays a central role, whereas other peroxisomal pathways are also involved. Understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of these peroxisomal functions will be instrumental to the improvement of crop plants.
Ultrasound‐Derived Nerve Cross‐Sectional Area in Extremes of Height and Weight
Authors: Lothet Emilie H. , Bishop Timothy J. , Walker Francis O. , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThere is a lack of consensus in the literature as to which body habitus parameter most influences nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA). This study was specifically designed to determine if height or weight is more influential.METHODSFifteen young healthy participants, 8 extremely tall and 7 heavy, with no peripheral nerve symptoms were recruited. The tall cohort consisted of males who were 74 inches or taller and females who were 68 inches or taller. The heavy cohort consisted of males who were 274 lbs or heavier and females who were 200 lbs or heavier. Measurements were obtained bilaterally at 7 sites using neuromuscular ultrasound: median nerve at the wrist and mid‐forearm, ulnar at the elbow, radial at the spiral groove, fibular at the knee, tibial at the ankle, and sural at the ankle. The nerve CSA at each site was measured by tracing of the nerve using the “freehand” trace function of the ultrasound device.RESULTSWeight tightly correlated with nerve CSA (R2 = .69, P < .001), while height did not significantly predict CSA (R2 = .10, P = .244). Nerve CSA for tall participants did not systematically deviate from an historical control group. Conversely, with exception of the tibial and sural nerves at the ankle, all nerve CSAs for heavy participants were higher than in the control group.CONCLUSIONWeight was found to be the body habitus parameter that most influences nerve CSA. This will inform clinicians when using nerve imaging to evaluate participants at either extreme of weight.
Implementation and strength of root cause analysis recommendations following serious adverse events involving paediatric patients in the Queensland public health system between 2012 and 2014
Authors: Hamilton Monique J , McEniery Julie A , Osborne Jodie M , Coulthard Mark G 
Published: December 2018

AimThis study evaluates the implementation rate and strength of the recommendations developed in all root cause analyses (RCAs) performed following serious clinical incidents involving children that have resulted in permanent harm or death in Queensland public hospitals over a 3‐year period.MethodsSeverity assessment classification 1 events were identified from a Queensland Paediatric Quality Council database of paediatric clinical incidents that occurred in Queensland between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014. There were 150 recommendations extracted from RCAs pertaining to the 42 serious adverse events involving paediatric patients.ResultsOf the recommendations, 82% were implemented; 33% of recommendations were classified as stronger, 33% as intermediate and 34% weaker in terms of their potential to improve patient safety.ConclusionsThis study describes the implementation of recommendations and classifies them in terms of potential to prevent patient harm and save lives. Future research is needed to determine if the RCA process does indeed prevent harm.