bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound the alarm: A meta‐analysis on the effect of aquatic noise on fish behavior and physiology
Authors: Cox Kieran , Brennan Lawrence P. , Gerwing Travis G. , Dudas Sarah E. , Juanes Francis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aquatic environment is increasingly bombarded by a wide variety of noise pollutants whose range and intensity are increasing with each passing decade. Yet, little is known about how aquatic noise affects marine communities. To determine the implications that changes to the soundscape may have on fishes, a meta‐analysis was conducted focusing on the ramifications of noise on fish behavior and physiology. Our meta‐analysis identified 42 studies that produced 2,354 data points, which in turn indicated that anthropogenic noise negatively affects fish behavior and physiology. The most predominate responses occurred within foraging ability, predation risk, and reproductive success. Additionally, anthropogenic noise was shown to increase the hearing thresholds and cortisol levels of numerous species while tones, biological, and environmental noise were most likely to affect complex movements and swimming abilities. These findings suggest that the majority of fish species are sensitive to changes in the aquatic soundscape, and depending on the noise source, species responses may have extreme and negative fitness consequences. As such, this global synthesis should serve as a warning of the potentially dire consequences facing marine ecosystems if alterations to aquatic soundscapes continue on their current trajectory.
Why does the choice of dialysate sodium concentration remain controversial?
Authors: Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan , Davenport Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe choice of the ideal dialysate sodium concentration remains controversial. Most dialysis centers have a standard dialysate concentration. In theory, choosing a dialysate sodium concentration lower than serum sodium should result in an additional loss of sodium by diffusion with a reduction in the prevalence of hypertension and interdialytic weight gains (IDWGs) on one hand, but with potential increased risk of intradialytic hypotension and cramps on the other hand, and the opposite effects may accompany the choice of dialysate sodium concentrations greater than serum concentration. Although most studies have reported a reduction in IDWG with lower dialysate sodium concentrations, the effects on blood pressure control, and adverse intradialytic events have been variable. Different outcomes between studies may be partially explained by patient selection, with differences in dietary sodium intake, urinary sodium losses, and sodium stores in the body. In addition, multicenter trials potentially introduce additional confounders, including differences in local quality control of delivered dialysate sodium concentration and sodium measurements. Although there may be advantages for lower dialysate sodium concentration, observational studies have reported a survival advantage for higher dialysate sodium concentrations for those patients with lower serum sodium concentrations pre‐dialysis. As there is no current consensus for a universal dialysate sodium concentration, attention has turned to considering an individualized approach to choosing a dialysate sodium concentration.
Effects of Low‐Intensity Contractions of Different Craniofacial Muscles in Healthy Participants – An Experimental Cross‐Over Study
Authors: Ikoma Tomoko , Bendixen Karina Haugaard , Arima Taro , Dawson Andreas , Yamaguchi Taihiko , List Thomas , Svensson Peter 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveRepetitive jaw‐muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible, ie, bruxism, is traditionally linked to pain and unpleasantness in the active muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of standardized craniofacial muscle contractions on self‐reported symptoms.MethodsSixteen healthy volunteers performed six 5‐minute bouts of 20% maximal voluntary contraction task of the jaw‐closing (Jaw), the orbicularis‐oris (O‐oris), and the orbicularis‐oculi (O‐oculi) muscles. Participants rated their perceived pain, unpleasantness, fatigue, and mental stress levels before, during, and after the contraction tasks on 0‐10 Numeric Rating Scales (NRS). Each muscle contraction task (= 1 session) was separated by at least 1 week and the order of the sessions was randomized in each subject.ResultsAll muscle contraction tasks evoked significant increases in NRS scores of pain (mean ± SD: Jaw; 3.8 ± 2.7, O‐oris; 1.9 ± 2.2, O‐oculi; 1.4 ± 1.3, P < .014), unpleasantness (Jaw; 4.1 ± 2.5, O‐oris; 2.1 ± 1.9, O‐oculi; 2.9 ± 1.8, P < .001), fatigue (Jaw; 5.8 ± 2.0, O‐oris; 3.2 ± 2.3, O‐oculi; 3.6 ± 1.9, P < .001), and mental stress (Jaw; 4.1 ± 2.1, O‐oris; 2.2 ± 2.7, O‐oculi; 2.9 ± 2.2, P < .001). The Jaw contractions were associated with higher NRS scores compared with the O‐oris and the O‐oculi contractions (P < .005) without differences between the O‐oris and the O‐oculi (P > .063). All symptoms disappeared within 1 day (P > .469).ConclusionsThe results showed that submaximal static contractions of different craniofacial muscle groups could evoke transient, mild to moderate levels of muscle pain and fatigue and increased stress scores. The fatigue resistance may differ between different muscle groups. Further studies are warranted to better understand the contribution of specific craniofacial muscle groups for the characteristic presentation of musculoskeletal pain conditions in the head.
High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori clarithromycin resistance mutations among Seattle patients measured by droplet digital PCR
Authors: Talarico Sarah , Korson Andrew S. , Leverich Christina K. , Park Stephanie , Jalikis Florencia G. , Upton Melissa P. , Broussard Elizabeth , Salama Nina R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of Helicobacter pylori infection is often empiric; however, current guidelines for management of Helicobacter pylori infection advise against the use of standard triple therapy (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and proton‐pump inhibitor) when clarithromycin resistance exceeds 20%. We developed and tested a new culture‐free assay to detect clarithromycin resistance‐conferring mutations to determine the prevalence of H. pylori clarithromycin resistance in patients from the United States Pacific Northwest.Materials and MethodsDroplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to detect the H. pylori 23S rRNA gene, and resistance‐conferring mutations, in archived, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) gastric tissue and to retrospectively determine the prevalence of clarithromycin‐resistant H. pylori among 110 patients at an academic medical center in the Northwest United States between 2012 and 2014.ResultsOf 102 patients with the H. pylori 23S rRNA gene detected by the ddPCR assay, 45 (44%) had clarithromycin resistance mutations. Thirty‐three of the 45 patients with clarithromycin resistance mutations had a mix of wild‐type and resistance alleles. Prevalence of clarithromycin resistance mutations differed among racial groups and was highest among Asians, with mutations detected in 14 (67%) of the 21 patient samples.ConclusionsThe prevalence of clarithromycin resistance detected in this region exceeds 20%, indicating that standard triple therapy should not be the first‐line antibiotic treatment for H. pylori infection. Culture‐free assays for detecting clarithromycin resistance mutations can be performed on archived tissue samples and will aid in informing tailored treatment for effective H. pylori eradication.
Reactivity between rare‐earth oxides based thermal barrier coatings and a silicate melt
Authors: Costa Gustavo C. C. , Zhu Dongming , Kulis Michael J. , Acosta Waldo A. , Ghoshal Anindya 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe reactivity between rare‐earth (RE‐) oxide stabilized ZrO2 or HfO2 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and a calcium‐magnesium‐aluminum‐silicate (CMAS) melt was studied at 1310°C. These reactions are representative of the ingestion of siliceous materials by the intake air of gas turbines (e.g., in aircraft engines) at high temperatures (>1200°C). These materials can melt and react with coated components in the hot section, resulting in premature failure. The goal of this work was to probe the effect of various RE (RE = Y, Yb, Dy, Gd, Nd, and Sm) oxides in the melt phase equilibrium and stability of the top‐coating system. Thermodynamic calculations of the phase assemblage of the (1−x) ZrO2‐xY2O3 coating materials and CMAS melt are compared with the experimental findings. CMAS was found to penetrate the samples at the grain boundaries and dissolve the coating materials to form silicate phases containing the RE elements. Furthermore, apatite and garnet crystalline phases formed in the samples with total RE‐oxide content higher than 16 mol% in the reaction zone for the ZrO2 system. In general, samples with nominal compositions ZrO2‐9Dy2O3, HfO2‐7Dy2O3, ZrO2‐8Y2O3, HfO2‐6Er2O3, ZrO2‐9.5Y2O3‐2.25Gd2O3‐2.25Yb2O3, and ZrO2‐30Y2O3 exhibited lower reactivity, or more resistance, to CMAS than the other coating compositions.
Transforming CSDP? Feminist Triangles and Gender Regimes
Authors: Guerrina Roberta , Chappell Laura , Wright Katharine A.M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite equality being considered one of the key normative foundations of the EU, gender has not yet been mainstreamed within the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). This article investigates the impact of institutional structures on the inclusion of a gender dimension in this policy area. The article engages with the concept of feminist triangles to unpack the role of actors and processes; specifically, highlighting key innovations and missed opportunities to integrate gender into CSDP. Focusing in particular on femocrats, the article argues that for gender mainstreaming to take place, the office of the Gender Advisor needs to bridge the division between the military and civilian dimension of CSDP. It concludes that CSDP remains largely gender blind in spite of the EU's adoption of an action plan for the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security.
Retrospective evaluation of extended heat‐pressed ceramic veneers after a mean observational period of 7 years
Authors: Rinke Sven , Pabel Anne‐Kathrin , Schulz Xenia , Rödiger Matthias , Schmalz Gerhard , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesRetrospective evaluation of extended anterior glass–ceramic veneers 7 years after placement in a private practice.Materials and methodsA total of 31 patients (20 females/11 males) underwent restoration with adhesively luted extended veneers that were fabricated using heat‐pressed glass–ceramic (Cergo, Dentsply Sirona). A single dentist restored 101 teeth (maxilla, n = 65; mandible, n = 36). Adhesive cementation was performed using an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive (OptibondFL, Kerr Corporation), and two different dual‐curing composite cements (Variolink, Ivoclar Vivadent/Calibra, Dentsply Sirona).ResultsAfter 7 years, the Kaplan‐Meier survival rate (in situ criteria) was 93.6% (95% CI: 0.89; 0.98). The observed failures were caused by ceramic fractures for seven restorations and biological failure for one restoration. In total 80 of the 101 restorations were still in service and did not require any clinical intervention (7‐year success rate: 84.3% [95% CI]: 0.76; 0.93). Interventions were necessary in 13 cases (8 recementations, 2 endodontic treatments, 2 composite fillings (caries), and 1 polishing of minor fractures). The clinical performance was not influenced by the veneer position (maxilla/mandible, survival P = .56/success P = .30). The veneers that covered large areas of exposed dentin (>50%) exhibited a significantly increased risk (hazard ratio 3.71, P = .0041) for requiring a clinical intervention; however, no effect on the survival rate was observed for these veneers (P = .35).ConclusionsFollowing 7 years of clinical service, extended anterior ceramic veneer restorations exhibited comparable survival and success rates for the upper and lower jaw. Large areas of exposed dentin (>50%) were associated with significantly lower success rates.Clinical SignificanceDentin exposure (more than 50% of the preparation surface) during preparation significantly affects the clinical performance of extended heat‐pressed glass–ceramic veneers.
Family Development Theory 30 Years Later
Authors: Martin Todd F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMattessich and Hill (1987) charted an historical overview of the family life cycle and development perspective inThe Handbook of Marriage and the Family. That same year Evelyn Duvall presented a distinguished lecture at the National Council on Family Relations meeting titled, “Family Development's First Forty Years.” These academic works capture the historical foundation of family development theory by two pioneers of the theory and provide a reference point for discussing the history, current state, and future of the theory. In this article, Hill's and Duvall's historical accounts are summarized, contextualized, and used as a reference point to present four challenges to the future relevance of family development theory. Recommendations for future theory, research and practice are suggested.
Strong Relationality and Ethical Responsiveness: A Framework and Conceptual Model for Family Science
Authors: Galovan Adam M. , Schramm David G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFamily scholars and practitioners rely on theories of relationships to guide our understanding and promotion of healthy intimate relationships; however, assumptions about the self are often implicit and unquestioned. This article describes a strongly relational view of the self that can transform family science by accounting for partners' ethical responsiveness and dialogical way of being (I–It vs. I–Thou), concepts long understood in philosophy but largely neglected in family science. We emphasize the importance of ethical responsiveness and way of being as fundamental to both understanding and improving intimate relationships and propose a framework and conceptual model to guide both research and practice. We integrate empirical evidence with the work of Martin Buber and Emmanuel Levinas to provide an understanding of factors that may lead to meaningful and flourishing relationships. We discuss implications for empirical research and practice to advance family science.
Stalled or Uneven Gender Revolution? A Long‐Term Processual Framework for Understanding Why Change Is Slow
Authors: Sullivan Oriel , Gershuny Jonathan , Robinson John P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecently much attention has been focused on whether the gender transformation of paid and unpaid work in society referred to as the gender revolution has hit a wall, or at least stalled. In this article, we discuss key trends in the gender division of labor across 13 developed countries over a 50‐year period. These trends show little decisive evidence for a stall but rather a continuing, if uneven, long‐term trend in the direction of greater gender equality. We set out a theoretical framework for understanding slow change in the division of unpaid work and care (lagged generational change). We argue that, through a long‐term view of the processes of change, this framework can help address why progress in the convergence in paid and unpaid work promised by the gender revolution has been so slow.
Toward a Theory of Gendered Projectivity and Linked Lives in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Wong Jaclyn S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEntering a cohabiting union, getting married, and/or having children are all considered defining features of the transition to adulthood. Life course research has shown that contemporary youth are taking longer to achieve these traditional milestones and are showing increased variability in completing these transitions. To better theorize this heterogeneity, this article draws on theories of purposive action to conceptualize agency in family formation and suggests turning to critical scholarship to link family formation in emerging adulthood to broader patterns of social inequality. Carefully theorizing gender in the context of linked lives also enables an understanding of how coordinated family behaviors among heterosexual couples can produce variability within and across families and ultimately challenge or reproduce gender inequality. A conceptual framework for gendered projectivity and linked lives is proposed as an example of how to expand life course thinking.
Deep, helical, communal nesting and emergence in the sand monitor: ecology informing paleoecology?
Authors: Doody J. Sean , McHenry Colin , Brown Mike , Canning Gordon , Vas Gary , Clulow Simon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDating back to 255 Mya, a diversity of vertebrates created mysterious deep helical burrows, often called Daimonelix (devil's corkscrews). A consensus function for these unique structures has not been reached, but the recent discovery of deep helical nesting burrows created by (extant) monitor lizards provides a unique opportunity to interpret Daimonelix and morphologically similar fossil burrows. We excavated a communal nesting warren of the Sand Monitor (Varanus gouldii) to test hypotheses for nesting and emergence behavior. First, we hypothesized that the nests of V. gouldii (in desert) would be deeper than those of the closely related V. panoptes (in savannah), because lower annual rainfall in the former (~350 mm vs. ~1000 mm) increases the threat of egg desiccation during the extremely long, dry season incubation period (~8 months). Second, we predicted that hatchlings would follow the nesting burrows of their mothers during emergence, because excavating their own emergence burrows would be energetically prohibitive due to the extreme depth and soil hardness. We excavated the warren to a depth of 4 m, finding 97 nests. As predicted, nest depth in V. gouldii (mean = 3.0 m, N = 73) was significantly greater than in V. panoptes (mean = 2.3 m, N = 52) from a previous study, and represents the deepest excavated ground nests of any vertebrate in the world. Contrary to our hypothesis, hatchlings ignored their mothers’ nesting burrows, instead remarkably excavating their own emergence burrows. The communal nesting warrens and deep burrows of V. gouldii must have profound implications for the energetics of mothers and hatchlings, and perhaps for the social biology of the species. Although the function of the helix itself remains elusive, our results support the hypothesis that the extreme deep burrowing of Palaeocastor, Diictodon and other extinct animals was a response to arid conditions rather than temperature.
Osteoporosis in chronic liver disease
Authors: Guañabens Núria , Parés Albert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis is a frequent complication in patients with chronic liver disease, especially in end‐stages and in chronic cholestasis, in addition to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, haemochromatosis and alcoholism. Mechanisms underlying osteoporosis are poorly understood, but osteoporosis mainly results from low bone formation. In this setting, sclerostin, a key regulator of the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway which regulates bone formation, in addition to the effects of the retained substances of cholestasis such as bilirubin and bile acids on osteoblastic cells, may influence the decreased bone formation in chronic cholestasis. Similarly, the damaging effects of iron and alcohol on osteoblastic cells may partially explain bone disease in haemochromatosis and alcoholism. A role for proinflammatory cytokines has been proposed in different conditions. Increased bone resorption may occur in cholestatic women with advanced disease. Low vitamin D, poor nutrition and hypogonadism, may be contributing factors to the full picture of bone disorders in chronic liver disease.
Studies on the resting behaviour and host choice of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis from Muleba, Tanzania
Authors: Charlwood J. D. , Kessy E. , Yohannes K. , Protopopoff N. , Rowland M. , LeClair C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe relative efficacy of a mechanical (Prokopack) collection method vs. manual aspiration in the collection of resting mosquitoes was evaluated in northern Tanzania before and after an intervention using indoor residual spraying and longlasting insecticide‐treated nets. In smoke‐free houses mosquitoes were collected from the roof and walls, but in smoky houses mosquitoes were found predominantly on the walls. Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) constituted 97.7% of the 312 An. gambiae complex specimens identified before but only 19.3% of the 183 identified after the intervention. A single sampling with the Prokopack collected a third of the available insects. Anopheles gambiae completed its gonotrophic development indoors, whereas Anopheles arabiensis did so outdoors. In both species gonotrophic development took 2 days. Most unfed resting An. arabiensis collected outdoors were virgins, whereas the majority of engorged insects were parous (with well‐contracted sacs). Daily survival was estimated to be 80.0%. Only 9.4% of the engorged An. arabiensis collected outdoors and 47.1% of those collected indoors had fed on humans. Using the Prokopack sampler is more efficient than manual methods for the collection of resting mosquitoes. Malaria transmission may have been affected by a change in vector composition resulting from a change in feeding, rather than reduced survival. Monitoring the proportions of members of the An. gambiae complex may provide signals of an impending breakdown in control.
OsSPL regulates meiotic fate acquisition in rice
Authors: Ren Lijun , Tang Ding , Zhao Tingting , Zhang Fanfan , Liu Changzhen , Xue Zhihui , Shi Wenqing , Du Guijie , Shen Yi , Li Yafei , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: February 2018

Summary

In angiosperms, the key step in sexual reproduction is successful acquisition of meiotic fate. However, the molecular mechanism determining meiotic fate remains largely unknown. Here, we report that OsSPOROCYTELESS (OsSPL) is critical for meiotic entry in rice (Oryza sativa).

We performed a large‐scale genetic screen of rice sterile mutants aimed to identify genes regulating meiotic entry and identified OsSPL using map‐based cloning.

We showed that meiosis‐specific callose deposition, chromatin organization, and centromere‐specific histone H3 loading were altered in the cells corresponding to pollen mother cells in Osspl anthers. Global transcriptome analysis showed that the enriched differentially expressed genes in Osspl were mainly related to redox status, meiotic process, and parietal cell development. OsSPL might form homodimers and interact with TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factor OsTCP5 via the SPL dimerization and TCP interaction domain. OsSPL also interacts with TPL (TOPLESS) corepressors, OsTPL2 and OsTPL3, via the EAR motif.

Our results suggest that the OsSPL‐mediated signaling pathway plays a crucial role in rice meiotic entry, which appears to be a conserved regulatory mechanism for meiotic fate acquisition in angiosperms.