bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction: Incidence, treatment, and outcomes among medicare beneficiaries 1999–2014
Authors: Goldsweig Andrew M. , Wang Yun , Forrest John K. , Cleman Michael W. , Minges Karl E. , Mangi Abeel A. , Aronow Herbert D. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Curtis Jeptha P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe present study was designed to assess whether the incidence and outcomes of VSR‐AMI have changed in the era of timely primary PCI.BackgroundVentricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but frequently fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries from 1999 to 2014 to examine trends in the incidence, surgical and percutaneous repair, and 30‐day and 1‐year mortality of VSR‐AMI.ResultsThe annual incidence of VSR‐AMI hospitalization declined by 41.6% from 197 patients per 100,000 AMIs in 1999 to 115 patients per 100,000 AMIs in 2014 (P < 0.001). The 30‐day VSR‐AMI repair rate decreased from 49.9% in 1999 to 33.3% in 2014 (P < 0.001). In 2014, 82.9% of repairs were performed surgically and 17.1% percutaneously. VSR‐AMI mortality rates were high (60.2% at 30 days; 68.5% at 1 year) and changed minimally over the study period with adjusted 30‐day mortality per year Odds Ratio (OR) 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–1.01) and adjusted 1‐year mortality per year OR 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–1.00). Across the 16 years of data, unadjusted mortality rates were lower in patients undergoing repair than in unrepaired patients at 30 days (mean 51.7% and 65.7%, P ≤ 0.01) and 1 year (mean 62.0% and 72.8%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn the era of increased timely primary PCI, the incidence of VSR‐AMI hospitalization declined but its associated mortality rate remained high. Rates of VSR repair decreased from 1999 to 2014 despite increased use of percutaneous repair.
About an aggressive bone lesion
Authors: Kaffel Dhia , Kchir Hela , Hamdi Wafa , Zouch Imen , Maatallah Kaouther , Kchir Mohamed Montacer 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report here a case of hyperparathyroidism with disseminated brown tumors mimicking malignancy. The important clinical teaching of our case is that hyperparathyroidism can take various aspects. Plasma parathyroid hormone concentration should be measured in all patients with multiple bone lesions.
Discordant NIPT result in a viable trisomy‐21 pregnancy due to prolonged contribution to cfDNA by a demised trisomy‐14 cotwin
Authors: Hochstenbach Ron , Elferink Martin G. , van Zon Patrick H. A. , Lichtenbelt Klaske D. , van Harssel Jeske , Schuring‐Blom Heleen , Page‐Christiaens Godelieve C.M.L. 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageOne of the confounders in noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is the vanishing twin phenomenon. Prolonged contribution to the maternal Cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) pool by cytotrophoblasts representing a demised, aneuploid cotwin may lead to a false‐positive outcome for a normal, viable twin. We show that a vanishing trisomy‐14 twin contributes to cfDNA for more than 2 weeks after demise.
Ternary PtPdCu Multicubes as a Highly Active and Durable Catalyst toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: An Hong Ming , Zhao Zhi Liang , Wang Qi , Zhang Lian Ying , Gu Meng , Li Chang Ming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt has been reported that a Pt‐based concave‐convex structure offers good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we synthesize ternary PtPdCu multicubes with a hierarchical trepanning concave‐convex structure by a facile solvothermal co‐reduction method. By tailoring the elementary composition, the optimal Pt45Pd30Cu25/C catalyst results in a 2.35‐fold increase in ORR mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C and an excellent long‐term stability. Investigation reveals that the performance enhancement mechanism is mainly caused by the Pd and Cu jointly modified electronic structure of Pt, which facilitates the charge transfer rate as well as the increased number of active sites and improved mass transport by the unique porous multicube concave‐convex structure. Both experiment and theoretical calculations reveal that the three‐elements alloy catalyst and the unique structures play a critical role in high catalytic performance, thus offering guidance to design high‐performance electrocatalysts not only toward the ORR for practical applications in low‐temperature fuel cells, but also for other energy conversion systems rendering a universal significance.
Enantioselective Alkylation of 2‐Oxindoles Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Phase‐Transfer Catalyst: Synthesis of (−)‐Debromoflustramine B
Authors: Craig Ryan , Sorrentino Emiliano , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new bifunctional phase‐transfer catalyst that employs hydrogen bonding as a control element was developed to promote efficient enantioselective SN2 reactions for the construction all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee) utilizing the alkylation of a malleable oxindole substrate. The utility of the methodology was demonstrated through a concise and highly enantioselective synthesis of (−)‐debromoflustramine B.
Electrochemical C−O Bond Formation: Facile Access to Aromatic Lactones
Authors: Tao Xiang‐Zhang , Dai Jian‐Jun , Zhou Jie , Xu Jun , Xu Hua‐Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn efficient and robust methodology based on electrochemical techniques for the direct synthesis of aromatic lactones through dehydrogenative C−O cyclization is described. This new and useful electrochemical reaction can tolerate a variety of functional groups, and is scalable to 100 g under mild conditions. Remarkably, heterocycle‐containing substrates can be employed, thus expanding the scope of radical C−O cyclization reactions.
Changes in the physicochemical characteristics and spontaneous combustion propensity of Ximeng lignite after hydrothermal dewatering
Authors: Yuan Shao , Liu Jianzhong , Wu Junhong , Zhou Qingqing , Wang Zhihua , Zhou Junhu , Cen Kefa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpontaneous combustion behaviour and physicochemical characteristics of Ximeng lignite dewatered by hydrothermal dewatering (HTD) were investigated. In addition, effect of upgrading temperature, as well as the mechanism for evolution of spontaneous combustion propensity was discussed. The results showed that after HTD, fixed carbon content of lignite increased, whereas equilibrium moisture content and volatile content decreased; aromatic carbons increased relatively at the expense of oxygen‐containing functional groups and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Pore structures of lignite were developed by different extents after HTD. Spontaneous combustion propensity of upgraded lignite was evaluated using the crossing‐point temperature method. The results indicated that the spontaneous combustion propensity of HTD‐upgraded lignite significantly depended on upgrading temperature. When upgrading temperature was lower than 230 °C, spontaneous combustion propensity was raised due to development in pore structure. However, when upgrading temperature exceeded 230 °C, spontaneous combustion propensity was suppressed because active sites involved in coal oxidation were extensively removed. In conclusion, a higher upgrading temperature is recommended to extend the upgrading effect and to further suppress the spontaneous combustion propensity of lignite.
An Analytical Solution to Interpret Active Ion Transport During Chemically‐Tuned Waterflooding Process in High‐Temperature Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Awolayo Adedapo Noah , Sarma Hemanta Kumar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent studies on carbonate reservoirs suggest that modifying the injected brine chemistry leads to a competition amongst ions at the rock surface sites, causing alteration in the rock wettability. As such, the potential increase in oil recovery heavily relies on the relationship between the ion transport and chemical reaction. In this work, we highlighted the three processes that govern this relationship as advection by fluid transport, hydrodynamic dispersion resulting in spreading, and sorption of the ions to the rock. An analytical solution to the mathematical equations describing solute reactive transport was derived based on the advection‐reaction‐dispersion equation (ARDE). Our model was first used to replicate produced ion histories from single phase experiments to emphasize the impact of the active ions on rock surface sites. We then studied the movement of the active ions by predicting the breakthrough composition of different ions during oil‐brine displacement experiments and evaluated the impact of the transport and reaction parameters on the wettability change. The wettability change profile was captured in terms of the sorbed ion concentration, where a high retardation was observed for the active ions. The observed oil recoveries in a data set of two‐phase experiments were correlated to the resultant effect of the rock surface chemistry. This study highlights the importance of rock surface chemistry on wettability change and oil production from carbonate rocks.
Free Boundary Regularity in the Parabolic Fractional Obstacle Problem
Authors: Barrios Begoña , Figalli Alessio , Ros‐Oton Xavier 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe parabolic obstacle problem for the fractional Laplacian naturally arises in American option models when the asset prices are driven by pure‐jump Lévy processes. In this paper we study the regularity of the free boundary. Our main result establishes that, when , the free boundary is a C1,α graph in x and t near any regular free boundary point . Furthermore, we also prove that solutions u are C1 + s in x and t near such points, with a precise expansion of the form

urn:x-wiley:0010-3640:media:cpa21745:cpa21745-math-0003

with , and . © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A flow cytometry‐based assay to determine the phagocytic activity of both clinical and nonclinical antibody samples against Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Grasse Marco , Rosenkrands Ida , Olsen Anja , Follmann Frank , Dietrich Jes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGlobally, an estimated 131 million new cases of chlamydial infection occur annually. Chlamydia trachomatis infection can cause permanent damage to the fallopian tubes in woman, resulting in infertility and a risk of ectopic pregnancy. There is a great need for a vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis and as a result there is a need for assays to evaluate functional immune responses for use in future clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Antibodies play a crucial role in the defense against infection and can be protective by several functions, including phagocytosis and neutralization. Vaccine development could greatly benefit from a method to measure functional C. trachomatis‐specific antibodies in a large number of samples. In the current in vitro antibody protection assays, which measure the capacity of antibodies to facilitate phagocytic uptake of C. trachomatis, the phagocytosed bacteria have to be counted manually. This is both labor demanding, time consuming, and it prevents high‐throughput usage of this method. In this study, we, therefore, developed a simple and rapid flow cytometry based assay to measure the capacity of antibodies to mediate Fc‐receptor dependent phagocytosis. This method is highly reproducible and suitable to analyze large numbers of clinical and nonclinical samples. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
A prospective cohort study of early‐pregnancy risk factors for gestational diabetes in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Li Guanghui , Huang Wenyu , Zhang Li , Tian Zhihong , Zheng Wei , Wang Teng , Zhang Ting , Zhang Weiyuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a strong risk factor for gestational diabetes (GDM). However, the association between features of PCOS during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM is not clearly characterized. In this prospective cohort study, we seek to identify early‐pregnancy risk factors for GDM in PCOS women.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2013, 248 women with PCOS were followed from their first prenatal visit to delivery. Multiple early‐pregnancy metabolic factors were evaluated for their association with the risk of GDM.ResultsAmong 248 subjects, 75 (30.2%) developed GDM. Single factor analysis identified a number of metabolic risk factors for GDM, including higher body mass index, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin resistance; abnormal cholesterol; elevated blood pressure and free androgen index; lower level of sex‐hormone binding globulin (SHBG); and less gestational weight gain. Multivariate analysis showed that FPG, non–high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and SHBG are independent predictive factors for GDM.ConclusionsOur study established strong association of multiple early‐pregnancy risk factors with development of GDM in PCOS women. These risk factors are predominantly related to the regulation of glucose, lipid, and androgen metabolism. Among these factors, FPG, non–high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, and SHBG, predict incident GDM.
The Failure of Wild Salmon Management: Need for a Place-Based Conceptual Foundation
Authors: Gayeski Nick J , Stanford Jack A , Montgomery David R , Lichatowich Jim , Peterman Randall M , Williams Richard N 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Salmon management has generally failed to rebuild depressed wild salmon populations or to manage many of them sustainably, despite a broad and growing scientific understanding of salmon ecology. We argue that to correct this failure, management policies and practices related to salmon need to become place-based. Key changes in management practices required to achieve place-based management include requiring that fishing occur closer to rivers of origin where particular populations can be identified with high precision, requiring that fishing gear be capable of releasing (with very low postrelease mortality) nontarget species and populations, and managing harvest to ensure that spawning escapements in most years exceed levels that would produce maximum sustainable yield. The scientific basis in support of place-based salmon management is clear, but implementing the required changes presents serious challenges that must be faced if the diversity and abundance of wild salmon are to be restored and if the world's wild salmon populations are to effectively cope with environmental changes imposed by climate change and continuing habitat degradation. Lessons from locations where management practices are based on a place-based conceptual foundation show how to successfully rebuild or maintain productive wild salmon populations.
A newly identified lncRNA MAR1 acts as a miR‐487b sponge to promote skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration
Authors: Zhang Zong‐Kang , Li Jie , Guan Daogang , Liang Chao , Zhuo Zhenjian , Liu Jin , Lu Aiping , Zhang Ge , Zhang Bao‐Ting 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle atrophy induced by either aging (sarcopenia) or mechanical unloading is associated with serious health consequences. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated as important regulators in numerous physiological and pathological processes.MethodsMicroarray analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs in skeletal muscle between adult and aged mice. The most decreased lncRNA in aged skeletal muscle was identified. The C2C12 mouse myoblast cells were used to assess the biological function of the lncRNA in vitro. The target microRNA of lncRNA and the target protein of microRNA were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated in vitro. Furthermore, the biology function of the lncRNA in vivo was investigated by local overexpression or knockdown the lncRNA in skeletal muscle. The therapeutic effect of the lncRNA overexpression in age‐related or mechanical unloading‐induced muscle atrophy was also evaluated.ResultsWe identified a novel lncRNA (muscle anabolic regulator 1, MAR1) which was highly expressed in mice skeletal muscle and positively correlated with muscle differentiation and growth in vitro and in vivo. We predicted and validated that microRNA‐487b (miR‐487b) was a direct target of MAR1. We also predicted and validated that Wnt5a, an important regulator during myogenesis, was a target of miR‐487b in C2C12 cells. Our findings further demonstrated that enforced MAR1 expression in myoblasts led to derepression of Wnt5a. Moreover, MAR1 promoted skeletal muscle mass/strength and Wnt5a protein level in mice. Enforced MAR1 expression in mice attenuated muscle atrophy induced by either aging or unloading.ConclusionsThe newly identified lncRNA MAR1 acts as a miR‐487b sponge to regulate Wnt5a protein, resulting in promoting muscle differentiation and regeneration. MAR1 could be a novel therapeutic target for treating muscle atrophy induced by either aging or mechanical unloading.
Preventing muscle wasting by osteoporosis drug alendronate in vitro and in myopathy models via sirtuin‐3 down‐regulation
Authors: Chiu Hsien‐Chun , Chiu Chen‐Yuan , Yang Rong‐Sen , Chan Ding‐Cheng , Liu Shing‐Hwa , Chiang Chih‐Kang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundA global consensus on the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in humans refers as sarcopenia and cachexia including diabetes, obesity, renal failure, and osteoporosis. Despite a current improvement of sarcopenia or cachexia with exercise training and supportive therapies, alternative and specific managements are needed to discover for whom are unable or unwilling to embark on these treatments. Alendronate is a widely used drug for osteoporosis in the elderly and postmenopausal women. Osteopenic menopausal women with 6 months of alendronate therapy have been observed to improve not only lumbar bone mineral density but also handgrip strength. However, the effect and mechanism of alendronate on muscle strength still remain unclear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential and the molecular mechanism of alendronate on the loss of muscle mass and strength in vitro and in vivo.MethodsMouse myoblasts and primary human skeletal muscle‐derived progenitor cells were used to assess the effects of low‐dose alendronate (0.1–1 μM) combined with or without dexamethasone on myotube hypertrophy and myogenic differentiation. Moreover, we also evaluated the effects of low‐dose alendronate (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) by oral administration on the limb muscle function and morphology of mice with denervation‐induced muscle atrophy and glycerol‐induced muscle injury.ResultsAlendronate inhibited dexamethasone‐induced myotube atrophy and myogenic differentiation inhibition in mouse myoblasts and primary human skeletal muscle‐derived progenitor cells. Alendronate significantly abrogated dexamethasone‐up‐regulated sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3), but not SIRT1, protein expression in myotubes. Both SIRT3 inhibitor AKG7 and SIRT3‐siRNA transfection could also reverse dexamethasone‐up‐regulated atrogin‐1 and SIRT3 protein expressions. Animal studies showed that low‐dose alendronate by oral administration ameliorated the muscular malfunction in mouse models of denervation‐induced muscle atrophy and glycerol‐induced muscle injury with a negative regulation of SIRT3 expression.ConclusionsThe putative mechanism by which muscle atrophy was improved with alendronate might be through the SIRT3 down‐regulation. These findings suggest that alendronate can be a promising therapeutic strategy for management of muscle wasting‐related diseases and sarcopenia.
Ventricular arrhythmias in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chung Fa‐Po , Lin Chin‐Yu , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Chang Yao‐Ting , Chang Ting‐Yung , Lin Chung‐Hsing , Te Abigail Louise D. , Yamada Shinya , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNonischemic cardiomyopathies (NICMs) are composed of variable disease entities, including primary and secondary cardiomyopathies. Determining the etiology of NICM provides pivotal roles of not only the understanding of the individual pathogenesis, but also the clinical management, such as risk stratification, pharmacological treatment, and intervention therapies. Despite the diverse causes of NICM, these cases mostly require clinical attention owing to progressive myocardial injury, resulting in ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. The interaction between the diseased ventricular substrates and systemic/neurophysiological factors contributes to the cornerstones responsible for ventricular arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Prevention of SCD and diminishing ventricular tachyarrhythmias are the important mainstays for the management of NICM patients. Given the understanding of the abnormal ventricular substrates and advancement of navigation systems, radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has become an adjunctive or alternative strategy for NICM patients who experience drug‐refractory ventricular tachycardias (VTs). Successful ablation can frequently be achieved at the expense of an epicardial intervention. A recent study has proven the survival benefits for NICM patients who are free from recurrent VTs after a successful RFCA, regardless of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class status or left ventricular ejection fraction. Additionally, recent evidence has highlighted the better delineation of a diseased myocardium through the incorporation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and 3D mapping systems, which can facilitate the identification of critical ventricular arrhythmogenic substrates in NICM patients.
Quasi‐Spectral Method for the Solution of the Master Equation for Unimolecular Reaction Systems
Authors: Koksharov Andrey , Yu Chunkan , Bykov Viatcheslav , Maas Ulrich , Pfeifle Mark , Olzmann Matthias 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTRate constants of elementary reactions involving unimolecular steps can be calculated from molecular data in a most general way by solving appropriate master equations. The conventional numerical solution requires rather a fine discretization applied over a sufficiently large energy range to achieve a reasonable accuracy. This leads to linear but very high‐dimensional systems of differential equations. We propose a quasi‐spectral method that uses Gaussian radial basis functions to establish a low‐dimensional linear model to speed up the numerical integration. The combination with an iterative adaptation provides a further improvement of computational efficiency. The suggested approach is illustrated and exemplified by means of the unimolecular decomposition of 2,3‐dihydro‐2,5‐dimethylfuran‐3‐yl, an intermediate radical occurring in the pyrolysis and oxidation of 2,5‐dimethylfuran. A comparison of the conventional and the proposed method is presented to validate the novel approach and to demonstrate its performance.