bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinforcing the North Atlantic backbone: revision and extension of the composite splice at ODP Site 982
Authors: Drury Anna Joy , Westerhold Thomas , Hodell David , Röhl Ursula 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 982 represents a key location for understanding the evolution of climate in the North Atlantic over the past 12 Ma. However, concerns exist about the validity and robustness of the underlying stratigraphy and astrochronology, which currently limits the adequacy of this site for high-resolution climate studies. To resolve this uncertainty, we verify and extend the early Pliocene to late Miocene shipboard composite splice at Site 982 using high-resolution XRF core scanning data and establish a robust high-resolution benthic foraminiferal stable isotope stratigraphy and astrochronology between 8.0 and 4.5 Ma. Splice revisions and verifications resulted in  ∼  11 m of gaps in the original Site 982 isotope stratigraphy, which were filled with 263 new isotope analyses. This new stratigraphy reveals previously unseen benthic δ18O excursions, particularly prior to 6.65 Ma. The benthic δ18O record displays distinct, asymmetric cycles between 7.7 and 6.65 Ma, confirming that high-latitude climate is a prevalent forcing during this interval. An intensification of the 41 kyr beat in both the benthic δ13C and δ18O is also observed  ∼  6.4 Ma, marking a strengthening in the cryosphere–carbon cycle coupling. A large  ∼  0.7 ‰ double excursion is revealed  ∼  6.4–6.3 Ma, which also marks the onset of an interval of average higher δ18O and large precession and obliquity-dominated δ18O excursions between 6.4 and 5.4 Ma, coincident with the culmination of the late Miocene cooling. The two largest benthic δ18O excursions  ∼  6.4–6.3 Ma and TG20/22 coincide with the coolest alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from Site 982, suggesting a strong connection between the late Miocene global cooling, and deep-sea cooling and dynamic ice sheet expansion. The splice revisions and revised astrochronology resolve key stratigraphic issues that have hampered correlation between Site 982, the equatorial Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Comparisons of the revised Site 982 stratigraphy to high-resolution astronomically tuned benthic δ18O stratigraphies from ODP Site 926 (equatorial Atlantic) and Ain el Beida (north-western Morocco) show that prior inconsistencies in short-term excursions are now resolved. The identification of key new cycles at Site 982 further highlights the requirement for the current scheme for late Miocene marine isotope stages to be redefined. Our new integrated deep-sea benthic stable isotope stratigraphy and astrochronology from Site 982 will facilitate future high-resolution late Miocene to early Pliocene climate research.
Hydraulic characterisation of iron-oxide-coated sand and gravel based on nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation mode analyses
Authors: Costabel Stephan , Weidner Christoph , Müller-Petke Mike , Houben Georg 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The capability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
relaxometry to characterise hydraulic properties of iron-oxide-coated sand
and gravel was evaluated in a laboratory study. Past studies have shown that
the presence of paramagnetic iron oxides and large pores in
coarse sand and gravel disturbs the otherwise linear relationship between
relaxation time and pore size. Consequently, the commonly applied empirical
approaches fail when deriving hydraulic quantities from NMR parameters.
Recent research demonstrates that higher relaxation modes must be taken into
account to relate the size of a large pore to its NMR relaxation behaviour
in the presence of significant paramagnetic impurities at its pore wall. We
performed NMR relaxation experiments with water-saturated natural and
reworked sands and gravels, coated with natural and synthetic ferric oxides
(goethite, ferrihydrite), and show that the impact of the higher relaxation
modes increases significantly with increasing iron content. Since the
investigated materials exhibit narrow pore size distributions, and can thus
be described by a virtual bundle of capillaries with identical apparent pore
radius, recently presented inversion approaches allow for estimation of a
unique solution yielding the apparent capillary radius from the NMR data. We
found the NMR-based apparent radii to correspond well to the effective
hydraulic radii estimated from the grain size distributions of the samples
for the entire range of observed iron contents. Consequently, they can be
used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity using the well-known
Kozeny–Carman equation without any calibration that is otherwise necessary
when predicting hydraulic conductivities from NMR data. Our future research
will focus on the development of relaxation time models that consider pore size distributions. Furthermore, we plan to establish a
measurement system based on borehole NMR for localising iron clogging and
controlling its remediation in the gravel pack of groundwater wells.
Radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation for the identification of debris flow occurrence over earthquake-affected regions in Sichuan, China
Authors: Shi Zhao , Wei Fangqiang , Chandrasekar Venkatachalam 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Both Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 and Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake on 20 April 2013 occurred in the province of Sichuan, China. In the earthquake-affected mountainous area, a large amount of loose material caused a high occurrence of debris flow during the rainy season. In order to evaluate the rainfall intensity–duration (I–D) threshold of the debris flow in the earthquake-affected area, and to fill up the observational gaps caused by the relatively scarce and low-altitude deployment of rain gauges in this area, raw data from two S-band China New Generation Doppler Weather Radar (CINRAD) were captured for six rainfall events that triggered 519 debris flows between 2012 and 2014. Due to the challenges of radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) over mountainous areas, a series of improvement measures are considered: a hybrid scan mode, a vertical reflectivity profile (VPR) correction, a mosaic of reflectivity, a merged rainfall–reflectivity (R − Z) relationship for convective and stratiform rainfall, and rainfall bias adjustment with Kalman filter (KF). For validating rainfall accumulation over complex terrains, the study areas are divided into two kinds of regions by the height threshold of 1.5 km from the ground. Three kinds of radar rainfall estimates are compared with rain gauge measurements. It is observed that the normalized mean bias (NMB) is decreased by 39 % and the fitted linear ratio between radar and rain gauge observation reaches at 0.98. Furthermore, the radar-based I–D threshold derived by the frequentist method is I = 10.1D−0.52 and is underestimated by uncorrected raw radar data. In order to verify the impacts on observations due to spatial variation, I–D thresholds are identified from the nearest rain gauge observations and radar observations at the rain gauge locations. It is found that both kinds of observations have similar I–D thresholds and likewise underestimate I–D thresholds due to undershooting at the core of convective rainfall. It is indicated that improvement of spatial resolution and measuring accuracy of radar observation will lead to the improvement of identifying debris flow occurrence, especially for events triggered by the strong small-scale rainfall process in the study area.
Rescuing the Odes from Modernity: The Rhetoric and Sources of Ezra Pound's Confucian Translation
Authors: Zikpi Monica E. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article argues that Ezra Pound's late translation practice, exemplified in his work on the Chinese Confucian canon, is both reactionary and derivative with respect to the scholarship of his time. While previous critics have asserted that Pound's translations are creative, intuitive, and felicitously inaccurate due to excusable ignorance, this paper closely examines several odes in his version of the Shijing 詩經 (Classic of Odes), which he entitled The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius, in terms of his source material. The analysis demonstrates that his work in fact engages a contemporary scholarly debate about the correct interpretation of the Odes, and asserts itself strongly in favor of an imperial tradition of didactic allegorical exegesis as reconstructed via the editorial apparatus of James Legge and other Western translators. Considering the rhetoric of the translation, this article discerns the construction of a philological translation ethos to lend Confucian authority to the reactionary interpretation and exclude the politically progressive interpretations of modern scholars and translators. The findings problematize certain principles of Translation Studies, especially the distinction between source text and receiving culture.
The Orphan of Zhao: Chinese Revenge Drama and European Adaptations
Authors: Yu Shiao-ling 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article is a comparative study of the thirteen-century Chinese revenge drama The Orphan of Zhao and its European adaptations from the eighteenth century to the present. Generally considered one of China's great tragedies and the first Chinese dramatic work introduced to Europe, this play makes a good case study as intercultural theater. Unlike the earlier studies which emphasized Chinese influence on European drama, this study examines how European adapters tried to remake the Chinese play to conform to Western criteria of drama, such as the three unities. It also discusses how the dramatic actions in William Hatchett's and Arthur Murphy's adaptations reflected the conditions of England rather than China, and how Voltaire appropriated the Chinese play to articulate his ideas of European Enlightenment. In contrast to the Eurocentric eighteenth-century adaptations, the 2012 production by the Royal Shakespeare Company represents a changing European attitude toward Chinese drama and a new direction in intercultural theater. This study provides a history of cultural exchanges between East and West through a systematic analysis of transnational transmissions of an important Chinese play.
No Difference Between Bracing and No Bracing After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Chauhan Aakash , Slipak Alan , Miller Mark C. , Altman Daniel T. , Altman Gregory T. 
Published: March 2018

Introduction:
The use of a postoperative brace may be beneficial after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. However, bracing has potential drawbacks related to cost, fitting, wound complications, and compliance. We hypothesized that no difference will be found between patients with and without bracing after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures.

Methods:
In this prospective, comparative trial, patients were randomized to 6 weeks of bracing or no bracing after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Functional, subjective, and radiographic outcomes were recorded. Patients with an open physis, unstable ligamentous injuries, extensor mechanism disruption, and/or <6 months of prospective outcome data were excluded.

Results:
The 24 patients with bracing (average age, 50 ± 16 years; 14 women and 10 men) were compared with the 25 patients without bracing (average age, 51 ± 12 years [P = 0.74]; 9 women and 16 men). No statistically significant differences were found in most of the functional, subjective, and radiographic outcomes, including fracture characteristics, complications, postoperative range of motion, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form scores, and union rates. In the nonbraced group, one patient had late joint collapse with valgus malalignment (>10°). Two wound complications occurred in the braced group and four wound complications occurred in the nonbraced group, but this difference was not statistically significant.

Discussion:
Improvements in conventional and locking plate technology have allowed more reliable rigid internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. However, the use of a brace for postoperative rehabilitation after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures continues to be debated.

Conclusion:
Our prospective study showed no statistically significant difference between bracing and no bracing after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures in terms of functional, subjective, and radiographic outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level II
Is it possible to reduce file numbers of conventional rotary systems?
Authors: Celik Gül , Maden Murat , Savgat Ahmet , Orhan Hikmet 
Published: March 2018

Backround: frequent introduction of new dental instruments or devices into the market has been a concern for dentists worldwide, as the prices of such instruments are generally high, especially in developing countries. In addition, the use of these tools requires new skills and experience. For this reason, while innovations in dentistry are being pursued, it may be advantageous to update the dental instruments that we have been using for years. This study evaluated whether both ProFile and ProTaper files have the potential to reduce the number of files required for shaping curved root canals.
Methods: A total of 45 simulated canals with 40o curvature in clear resin blocks were prepared with conventional rotary systems: ProFile orifice shaping (OS) #3 and final flaring #25/.06, Reciproc R25, and ProTaper shaping file SX and finishing file F2. Pre- and post-instrumentation views were analysed using digital images captured by a camera. Prepared inner and outer walls at 1–10 levels were measured using AutoCAD software. The time required for canal shaping and the frequency of broken instruments were recorded. Standardised pre- and post-instrumentation radiographs were taken to determine changes in working length (WL) and straightening of canal curvature. The presence of blockage or perforation was also evaluated. Data were analysed using the one-way multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The transportation, instrumentation time, change of WL, and instrumentation fractures were evaluated. Data were analysed by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and independent t-test (p<0.05).
Results: Reciproc removed more mass in total and caused less transportation in the middle and coronal third (p<0.001). The transportations performed in the apical third were opposite to the curve. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of maintaining the original WL. Reciproc was significantly faster (p<0.001). Only one instrument fracture (25/0.06 ProFile) was noted. All groups showed one ledge each.
Discussion: According to this study, both ProFile and ProTaper files have the potential to reduce the number of files required for shaping curved root canals. However, Reciproc, which was produced using a single-file concept, was determined to be more advantageous in terms of time. This study suggests that the conventional rotary technique system might have comparable efficacy to the single-file system for root canal shaping.
Revisiting Stock Market Integration Pre-Post Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Insight From BRIC Countries
Authors: Puah Chin-Hong , Brahmana Rayenda Khresna , Wong Kai-Hung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study revisits the long-run relationships and short-run dynamic causal linkages among BRIC stock market, with the particular attention to the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis. Extending related empirical studies, comparative analyses of pre-crisis, and post-crisis periods were conducted to comprehensively evaluate how stock market integration was affected by financial crises. In general, after employing cointegration test and VAR test, the results reveal the increase of stock market integration in BRICs after the subprime crisis. The evidence also found that China stock market is the most influential among the BRICs, in which China stock market has the ability to Granger cause the other three BRICs member countries. An important implication of our findings is that the degree of integration among countries tends to change over time, especially around periods marked by financial crises. AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji ulang hubungan jangka panjang dan hubungan kausal dinamis jangka pendek antara pasar modal negara-negara BRIC, terutama pada saat krisis subprime mortgage 2008. Pengayaan studi empiris yang terkait dan analisa perbandingan sebelum-sesudah krisis dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi secara komprehensif tentang bagaimana krisis keuangan memengaruhi integrasi pasar modal. Secara umum, setelah menggunakan uji kointegrasi dan uji VAR, hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan peningkatan integrasi pasar modal di negara-negara BRIC setelah terjadinya krisis subprime. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa pasar modal Cina adalah pasar yang paling berpengaruh di antara negara BRIC, di mana pasar modal Cina memiliki kemampuan untuk memengaruhi secara Granger Causality tiga negara anggota BRIC lainnya. Implikasi penting dari temuan kami adalah bahwa tingkat integrasi antara negara-negara cenderung berubah dari waktu ke waktu, terutama sekitar periode yang ditandai oleh krisis keuangan.Kata kunci: Integrasi Pasar; Subprime Mortgage; Krisis Keuangan; BRICJEL classifications: F15; G15; G21; C32
Lowering Regional Inflation? Improve Budget Absorption
Authors: Adrison Vid , Flukeria Masarina 
Published: March 2018

The subnational government spending in Indonesia exhibit a highly skewed distribution, i.e., it is very low in the first two-quarters and then increases significantly in the last two-quarters. Such explosive pattern poses two disadvantages. First, the regional output will fall below its optimal level as the low government capital expenditure leads to a fewer provision of public goods. Second, a significant increase in government spending in the later quarter pushes the short run aggregate demand to the northeast and creates an inflationary pressure in the following quarters. In this study, we analyze the effect of quarterly regional government expenditure growth on regional inflation during 2010–2014. Using Arellano Bond GMM estimation, we find government expenditure growth leads to higher inflation in the same quarter. A percentage increase in non-capital expenditure spending results in a higher inflation than a percentage increase in capital spending.AbstrakPengeluaran pemerintah daerah di Indonesia menunjukkan distribusi yang sangat timpang, yaitu sangat rendah pada dua kuartal pertama dan kemudian meningkat secara significant pada dua kuartal terakhir. Pola eksplosif tersebut menimbulkan dua kerugian. Pertama, output regional akan berada di bawah tingkat yang optimal karena pengeluaran pembangunan (belanja kapital) pemerintah yang rendah akan mengakibatkan rendahnya barang publik yang tersedia. Kedua, peningkatan belanja pemerintah pada kuartal terakhir akan mengakibatkan kenaikan permintaan agregat dan mengakibatkan tekanan inflasi pada kuartal berikutnya. Dalam studi ini, kami menganalisa dampak dari pertumbuhan pengeluaran pemerintah daerah di Indonesia terhadap inflasi daerah periode 2010–2014. Dengan menggunakan estimasi GMM Arellano Bond, kami menemukan pertumbuhan pengeluaran pemerintah daerah akan mengakibatkan inflasi daerah pada kuartal yang sama. Satu persen peningkatan belanja non-kapital mengakibatkan inflasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan satu persen peningkatan belanja kapital.Kata kunci: Belanja Kapital; Belanja Non-Kapital; Inflasi Daerah; Pemerintah DaerahJEL classifications: E31; H72
Portfolio Flows into Indonesia: Push or Pull?
Authors: Nuryakin Chaikal , Yuan Edith Zheng Wen , Arsana I Gede Putra 
Published: March 2018

This paper focuses on the dynamic of the portfolio flows into Indonesia. The result of Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model reveals that push factors is more dominant than pull factors in explaining portfolio flows into Indonesia. Portfolio flows into Indonesia are positively correlated with regional’s stock market performance and negatively correlated to the federal funds rate. On the pull factors, domestic risk (the Credit Default Swap spread) is more dominant than domestic return (the BI rate) in explaining the flows. Thus, it is important for authorities to have more focus on domestic risk–relative to rate of return–in managing portfolio flows. In addition, the negative impact of the lagged Indonesia stock market index to the capital flows indicates a counter cyclical investment behavior of global investors. AbstrakStudi ini mengkaji dinamika arus investasi portofolio Indonesia. Hasil dari model Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) menunjukkan bahwa "faktor pendorong" lebih dominan dibandingkan "faktor penarik" dalam menjelaskan pergerakan arus investasi portofolio. Arus investasi portofolio ini berkorelasi positif dengan kinerja pasar saham regional dan berkorelasi negatif dengan tingkat suku bunga the Fed. Untuk faktor penarik, risiko domestik (CDS) menjadi faktor yang dominan dibandingkan imbal hasil (BI rate) yang menguatkan pentingnya manajemen risiko perekonomian domestik dalam stabilisasi arus investasi portofolio. Lebih lanjut, studi ini juga mengindikasikan adanya perilaku kontra siklikal dari investor global.Kata kunci: Arus Investasi Portofolio; SVARJEL classifications: F32; G11
How Congested Jakarta is? Perception of Jakarta’s Citizen on Traffic Congestion
Authors: Yudhistira Muhammad Halley , Koesrindartono Decky Priambodo , Harmadi Sonny Harry Budiutomo , Pratama Andhika Putra 
Published: March 2018

This paper aims to reveal the behavior and perception of Jakarta’s citizens on traffic congestion in Jakarta. Although this approach is somewhat well-developed in behavioral science, its utilization in urban economics study, is still limited. Detecting the traffic congestion and its cause mainly relies on physical (engineering) methods, i.e V/C ratio. Here, we define the traffic congestion through two variables; ordinal traffic congestion perception and proportion of expected travel time to perceived travel time. Using a non-probabilistic sampling survey held in one of densest business district in Jakarta called Sudirman-Thamrin Golden Triangle Area; the estimation results show that travel behavior plays a major role in affecting travel time perceptions.AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk melihat tingkah laku masyarakat Jakarta terhadap kemacetan di Jakarta. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam studi ini telah banyak dikembangkan dalam studi behavioral science, namun penggunaanya dalam studi ekonomi perkotaan masih terbatas. Mendeteksi tingkat kemacetan serta penyebabnya umumnya mengandalkan metode fisik seperti V/C ratio. Studi ini mendefinisikan tingkat kemacetan ke dalam dua variabel, persepsi tingkat kemacetan ordinasl serta proporsi dari ekspektasi waktu perjalanan terhadap waktu perjalanan actual. Dengan menggunakan survey non-probabilitic sampling di Sudirman-Tharim Golden Triangle Area, hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa perilaku perjalanan (travel behavior) berperan utama dalam mempengaruhi persepsi waktu perjalanan.Kata kunci: Tingkat Kemacetan; Waktu Perjalanan; Perilaku Perjalanan; PersepsiJEL classifications: R40; R41