bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Un) Natural Grief: Novelty, Tradition and Naturalization in Israeli Discourse on Posthumous Reproduction
Authors: Katz Ori , Hashiloni‐Dolev Yael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article examines Israeli discourse on posthumous reproduction (PR) and the related cultural construction of “(un)natural” grief. Based mainly on an analysis of in‐depth interviews with family members who submitted a request for PR, we examine the regimes of justification used by supporters and opponents of this technology. With both sides using the notion of “nature” to support their claim, the dispute centers on whether PR constructs a new social expression of grief (and hence should be seen as unnatural) or is only a reflection of an age‐old grieving process (and is thus natural). We argue that by employing a twofold, novel/traditional justification, PR supporters aim to go one step further, from a symbolic continuity of the dead to a so‐called real one. This progression highlights the flexibility of the natural category at the intersection of technology and culture and the abandonment of such binary distinctions as life/death and nature/culture.
Interleukin‐33 in the developing lung—Roles in asthma and infection
Authors: Johansson Kristina , McSorley Henry J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt has become increasingly clear that interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) plays a crucial role in initiation of type 2 immunity. The last decade of intense research has uncovered multiple mechanisms through which IL‐33 targets key effector cells of the allergic immune response. Recently, IL‐33 has been implicated in shaping the immune system of the lungs early in life, at a time which is crucial in the subsequent development of allergic asthma. In this review, we will address the current literature describing the role of IL‐33 in the healthy and diseased lung. In particular, we will focus on the evidence for IL‐33 in the development of immune responses in the lung, including the role of IL‐33–responsive immune cells that may explain susceptibility to allergic sensitization at a young age and the association between genetic variants of IL‐33 and asthma in humans. Finally, we will indicate areas for potential therapeutic modulation of the IL‐33 pathway.
The angle range of leg abduction with external hip rotation which can minimize femoral artery and vein overlap in pediatric patients
Authors: Ahn Jin Hee , Park Jiyeon , Song In Sun , Kim Keoung Ah , Park Jungchan , Min Jeong Jin , Kim Chung Su , Lee Jong‐Hwan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSince the femoral artery frequently overlaps the femoral vein, femoral central venous catheterization carries the risk of arterial puncture in pediatric patients.AimsWe evaluated the angle range of leg abduction with external hip rotation to minimize the overlap between the femoral artery and vein in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia.MethodsEighty‐two pediatric patients who underwent elective surgery with general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Using ultrasonography, patients were divided into groups N (patients with non‐overlap) and O (patients with continuing overlap) based on the presence of non‐overlap range between the femoral artery and vein. The range minimizing the overlap was defined as the range without overlap in group N and as the range presenting the overlap that was less‐than‐half of the radius of the femoral vein in group O. By increasing the angle of leg abduction with external hip rotation, the starting and ending angles minimizing the overlap were found using ultrasonographic images.ResultsThe angle range of leg abduction with external hip rotation minimizing the overlap between the femoral artery and vein was defined as the range from the maximum 99% confidence interval of starting angles to the minimum 99% confidence interval of ending angles, which was between 45° and 65° in group N and between 48° and 58° in group O, respectively.ConclusionPositioning patients in a range of 48° and 58° leg abduction with external hip rotation can minimize the overlap between the femoral artery and vein. However, the clinical usefulness of this positioning for femoral venous catheterization remains to be seen.
The OsmiR396–OsGRF8–OsF3H‐flavonoid pathway mediates resistance to the brown planthopper in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Dai Zhengyan , Tan Jiang , Zhou Cong , Yang Xiaofang , Yang Fang , Zhang Shijuan , Sun Shichen , Miao Xuexia , Shi Zhenying 
Published: February 2019

SummaryMulti‐functional microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key modulators of plant–pathogen interactions. Although the involvement of some miRNAs in plant–insect interactions has been revealed, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most notorious rice (Oryza sativa)‐specific insect that causes severe yield losses each year and requires urgent biological control. To reveal the miRNAs involved in rice–BPH interactions, we performed miRNA sequencing and identified BPH‐responsive OsmiR396. Sequestering OsmiR396 by overexpressing target mimicry (MIM396) in three genetic backgrounds indicated that OsmiR396 negatively regulated BPH resistance. Overexpression of one BPH‐responsive target gene of OsmiR396, growth regulating factor 8 (OsGRF8), showed resistance to BPH. Furthermore, the flavonoid contents increased in both the OsmiR396‐sequestered and the OsGRF8 overexpressing plants. By analysing 39 natural rice varieties, the elevated flavonoid contents were found to correlate with enhanced BPH resistance. Artificial applications of flavonoids to wild type (WT) plants also increased resistance to BPH. A BPH‐responsive flavanone 3‐hydroxylase (OsF3H) gene in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was proved to be directly regulated by OsGRF8. A genetic functional analysis of OsF3H revealed its positive role in mediating both the flavonoid contents and BPH resistance. And analysis of the genetic correlation between OsmiR396 and OsF3H showed that down‐regulation of OsF3H complemented the BPH resistance characteristic and simultaneously decreased the flavonoid contents of the MIM396 plants. Thus, we revealed a new BPH resistance mechanism mediated by the OsmiR396–OsGRF8–OsF3H–flavonoid pathway. Our study suggests potential applications of miRNAs in BPH resistance breeding.
Globular structures in roots accumulate phosphorus to extremely high concentrations following phosphorus addition
Authors: Ryan Megan H. , Kaur Parwinder , Nazeri Nazanin K. , Clode Peta L. , Keeble‐Gagnère Gabriel , Doolette Ashlea L. , Smernik Ronald J. , Van Aken Olivier , Nicol Dion , Maruyama Hayato , Ezawa Tatsuhiro , Lambers Hans , Millar A. Harvey , Appels Rudi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCrops with improved uptake of fertilizer phosphorus (P) would reduce P losses and confer environmental benefits. We examined how P‐sufficient 6‐week‐old soil‐grown Trifolium subterraneum plants, and 2‐week‐old seedlings in solution culture, accumulated P in roots after inorganic P (Pi) addition. In contrast to our expectation that vacuoles would accumulate excess P, after 7 days, X‐ray microanalysis showed that vacuolar [P] remained low (<12 mmol kg−1). However, in the plants after P addition, some cortex cells contained globular structures extraordinarily rich in P (often >3,000 mmol kg−1), potassium, magnesium, and sodium. Similar structures were evident in seedlings, both before and after P addition, with their [P] increasing threefold after P addition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed seedling roots accumulated Pi following P addition, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed large plastids. For seedlings, we demonstrated that roots differentially expressed genes after P addition using RNAseq mapped to the T. subterraneum reference genome assembly and transcriptome profiles. Among the most up‐regulated genes after 4 hr was TSub_g9430.t1, which is similar to plastid envelope Pi transporters (PHT4;1, PHT4;4): expression of vacuolar Pi‐transporter homologs did not change. We suggest that subcellular P accumulation in globular structures, which may include plastids, aids cytosolic Pi homeostasis under high‐P availability.
Relationship between hyperthymic temperament, self‐directedness, and self‐transcendence in medical students and staff members
Authors: Kobayashi Shunsuke , Terao Takeshi , Shirahama Masanao , Hatano Koji , Hirakawa Hirofumi , Kohno Kentaro , Shiotsuki Ippei , Ishii Nobuyoshi 
Published: February 2019

AimWe aimed to investigate the hypotheses that hyperthymic temperament may be positively associated with self‐directedness and self‐transcendence with adjustment for relevant factors.MethodsUsing the database of our previous studies, the data from 111 healthy subjects with scores for both the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire were secondarily used for the present study.ResultsHyperthymic Temperament scores were significantly and positively associated with Self‐Transcendence scores, but not with Self‐Directedness scores, following adjustment for relevant factors. Despite the lack of association between self‐transcendence and self‐directedness, cooperativeness was significantly and positively associated with self‐transcendence and self‐directedness, but not with hyperthymic temperament. Moreover, despite the lack of association between hyperthymic temperament and self‐directedness, harm avoidance was significantly and negatively associated with hyperthymic temperament and self‐directedness, but not with self‐transcendence.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that hyperthymic temperament may be positively associated with self‐transcendence, but not with self‐directedness. Moreover, hyperthymic temperament may be, a selfish and reckless trait, self‐transcendence may be altruistic and not reckless, and self‐directedness may be altruistic but reckless.
Characterisation of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria from rhizosphere soil of heat‐stressed and unstressed wheat and their use as bio‐inoculant
Authors: Ashraf A. , Bano A. , Ali S. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh temperature induces several proteins in plants that enhance tolerance to high temperature shock. The fate of proteins synthesised in microbial cells or secreted into culture media by interacting microbes has not been fully elucidated. The present investigation aimed to characterise plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat genotypes (differing in tolerance to high temperature stress) and evaluate their performance as bioinoculant for use in wheat.Four bacterial strains, viz.Pseudomonas brassicacearum,Bacillus thuringiensis,Bacillus cereusstrain W6 andBacillus subtilis, were isolated from the rhizosphere of heat‐stressed and unstressed wheat genotypes. The wheat genotypes were exposed to high temperature stress at 45 °C for 10 days (3 h daily) at pre‐anthesis phase. Isolates were identified on the basis of morphology and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole cell protein profiles. Results were further complemented by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and SDS PAGE of 80% ammonium sulphate precipitates of the cell‐free supernatants.Isolates were positive for catalase, oxidases and antimicrobial activity.P. brassicacearumfrom the rhizosphere of the heat‐tolerant genotype was more efficient in phosphate solubilisation, bacteriocin production, antifungal and antibacterial activity againstHelminthosporium sativum, Fusarium moniliformeandKlebsiella pneumonia, respectively. The inoculated seedlings had significantly higher root and shoot fresh weight, enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes, proline and protein content. Total profiling of the culture with SDS‐PAGE indicated expression of new protein bands in 95 kDa inP. brassicacearum.Temperature‐induced changes in PGPR isolates are similar to those in the host plant.P. brassicacearummay be a good candidate for use in biofertiliser production for plants exposed to high temperature stress.
High risk of silent stroke in older bipolar patients with typical‐onset age
Authors: Lee Hsin‐Chien , Hsu Jung‐Lung , Chen Pao‐Huan , Chung Kuo‐Hsuan , Huang Yu‐Jui , Tsai Shang‐Ying 
Published: February 2019

AimOlder patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are at a high risk of stroke. Silent stroke could be neglected in BD patients after middle age, particularly in those with illness onset at the young age. Therefore, we investigated the morbidity and related factors for stroke in older BD patients with typical‐onset age.MethodsOlder patients with bipolar I disorder (age > 50 years) and their illness onset prior to the age of 40 years were recruited. After whole‐brain magnetic resonance imaging was conducted, the patients were divided into stroke and non‐stroke groups. Clinical data were obtained by reviewing all available medical records and directly interviewing the patients along with their reliable family members.ResultsWe recruited 62 patients with a mean age of 60.4 years and illness onset at the mean age of 28.4 years. Cerebral infarction or old stroke was observed in 24 (38.7%) patients, including 22 without any reported clinical history of stroke. That is, silent stroke (n = 22) was detected in 36.7% of 60 patients without clinical history of stroke. The stroke group had significantly higher mean numbers of lifetime mood episodes (P = 0.006) than the non‐stroke one. Logistic regression analysis showed that 10 or more prior mood episodes (odds ratio = 3.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–10.47, P < 0·04) was significantly associated with the occurrence of stroke. The two study groups did not exhibit any other differences in demographic and clinical variables, such as age, laboratory or physical measurements during the last acute psychiatric hospitalisation, body mass index, and substance use problems and concurrent medical diseases.ConclusionsHigh morbidity of stroke, particularly silent stroke, could be found in older bipolar patients with typical‐onset age. In addition to traditional risk factors, the number of recurrent mood episodes in a lifetime may increase the risk of stroke in older BD patients.
Influence of cognitive load on the dynamics of neurophysiological adjustments during fatiguing exercise
Authors: Chatain Cyril , Radel Rémi , Vercruyssen Fabrice , Rabahi Tahar , Vallier Jean‐Marc , Bernard Thierry , Gruet Mathieu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe aimed to determine the neurophysiological mechanisms associated with reduced endurance performance during cognitive‐motor dual task at different levels of cognitive load, compared to a motor task alone. Eighteen healthy men performed isometric quadriceps contractions at 15% of maximal voluntary contraction (blocks of 170 s interspaced by neuromuscular evaluations) until exhaustion. This task was performed on three separate days: (a) in the absence of concomitant cognitive task, (b) with concomitant 1‐back task, and (c) with concomitant 2‐back task. Autonomic nervous system activity, perceived exertion, and cognitive performance were continuously monitored. Peripheral and central determinants of neuromuscular function were assessed at rest, between each block, and at task failure using femoral nerve stimulation. Endurance time was shorter during 2‐back (982 ± 545 s) and 1‐back (1,128 ± 592 s) conditions, compared with control (1,306 ± 836 s). Voluntary activation level was lower in 2‐back (87.1%; p < 0.001) and 1‐back (88.6%; p = 0.04) conditions compared to control (91.2%) at isotime (100% of the shortest test duration). Sympathetic activity showed a greater increase in 2‐back condition compared to control. Perceived muscular exertion was higher during 2‐back than during control. Cognitive performance decreased similarly with time during both cognitive‐motor dual task but was always lower during 2‐back condition. Motor performance is reduced when adding a concomitant demanding memory task to a prolonged isometric exercise. This can be explained by the interaction of various psychological and neurophysiological factors including higher perceived exertion, greater perturbations of autonomic nervous system activity, and cerebral impairments leading to earlier onset of central fatigue.
The core components of Community Paramedicine – integrated care in primary care setting: a scoping review
Authors: Rasku Tuija , Kaunonen Marja , Thyer Elizabeth , Paavilainen Eija , Joronen Katja 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSince the beginning of 2000, the primary healthcare services around the globe are challenged between demands of home care and number of staff delivering it. The delivery of healthcare needs new models to reduce the costs, patient's readmission and increase their possibilities to stay at home. Several paramedicine programmes have been developed to deliver home care as an integral part of the local healthcare system. The programmes varied in nature and the concept of Community Paramedicine (CP) has not been established, demanding clarity. The aim of this review was to identify and describe the core components of CP, and identify research gaps for the further study.MethodA scoping review was performed using five electronic databases: Medline; CINAHL; Academic Search Premier; PubMed and the Cochrane Library for the period 2005 – June 2018. The references of articles were checked, and papers were assessed against inclusion criteria and appraised for quality.ResultsFrom 803 initial articles, 21 met the criteria and were included. Inductive content analysis was carried out. The four core components of Community Paramedicine emerged (a) Community engagement, (b) Multi‐agency collaboration, (c) Patient‐centred prevention and (d) Outcomes of programme: cost‐effectiveness and patients’ experiences.ConclusionThe Community Paramedicine programmes are perceived to be promising. However, Community Paramedicine research data are lacking. Further research is required to understand whether this novel model of healthcare is reducing costs, improving health and enhancing people's experiences.
The impact of an individualised neonatal parent support programme on parental stress: a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Månsson Catrin , Sivberg Bengt , Selander Bo , Lundqvist Pia 
Published: February 2019

AimTo evaluate the impact on parental stress of an individualised neonatal parent support programme.MethodA quasi‐experimental design. Parents of preterm infants, at a level II NICU, were consecutively assigned to a control group (n = 130) and to an intervention group (n = 101). The programme focused on person‐centred communication and consisted of four individual nurse–parent dialogues during the infants’ hospitalisation. The Swedish version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was used to assess parental stress.ResultThe total stress scores did not vary significantly between the control and intervention groups either for mothers or for fathers. However, on item‐level, some items were significantly more distressed for mothers in the control group compared to the intervention group; other sick babies being cared for in the room (p = 0.016); my baby's unusual or abnormal breathing patterns (p = 0.025); not being able to hold my baby (p = 0.014); sometimes forgetting what my baby looks like (p = 0.042); being afraid of touching or holding my baby (p = 0.030); feeling the staff is closer to my baby than I am (p = 0.006). Comparing stress between mothers and fathers in the control group demonstrated a significant higher overall stress level for mothers compared to fathers (p < 0.005). The same result was found in the subscales Infant's behaviour and appearance (p = 0.016) as well as Parental role alteration (p = 0.001). No significant differences revealed between parents in the intervention group except for one item not being able to feed the babies themselves. It was significantly more distressed for mothers (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn this study, there was a decreased stress experience on item level in different subscales amongst mothers, but the study did not demonstrate any impact of the intervention on total stress experience either for mothers or for fathers.
“I wanted to hurt her”: Children’s and adolescents’ experiences of desiring and seeking revenge in their own peer conflicts
Authors: Recchia Holly E. , Wainryb Cecilia , Pasupathi Monisha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study examined children's and adolescents’ descriptions of wanting and seeking revenge in peer conflicts. A total of 100 youth divided into three age groups (7‐, 11‐, and 16‐year‐olds) were interviewed about experiences in which they wanted to get back at a peer who harmed them. Most youth recalled experiencing retaliatory desires, but typically indicated that such desires were not acted out; 7‐year olds were less likely than older youth to describe carrying out their retaliatory desires. Youths’ reasons for seeking revenge versus containing their retaliatory desires revealed age effects in their thinking about their own retaliation. Younger children's reasoning focused on the undesirability of harming others and potential punishments that could ensue, but they generally did not coordinate these concerns with the fact that they themselves had just been harmed. In contrast, older youth described their own retaliatory actions as driven by goals stemming from being deeply hurt, but such goals were balanced against their self‐protective motives, sensitivity to the particularities of transgressions, and self‐reflective moral commitments. Findings underscore that desires for revenge can be considered to be a part of children's experiences of conflict, but also crucially, that youth recognize their own capacities to contain and redirect these desires.
Where Will the British Go? And Why?*
Authors: Duch Raymond M. , Laroze Denise , Reinprecht Constantin , Robinson Thomas S. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveImmigration is a highly salient political issue. We examine the migration preferences of potential emigrants from the United Kingdom to determine whether the migration calculus is primarily economic or political.MethodsA conjoint survey experiment was conducted with U.K. subjects drawn from the CESS, Nuffield College, Oxford University, student subject pool to identify causal drivers of emigration preferences.ResultsLogit estimation of emigration preferences indicates that economics and politics matters. Anti‐immigrant rhetoric, “Trumpian policies,” and the United States deter high‐skilled U.K. potential emigrants; economic growth, education, and social benefits attract them. Politics and social benefits are more important for those on the political left, while economics and education weigh more heavily for those on the right.ConclusionWhat will attract the highly skilled migrants from a post‐Brexit United Kingdom? Economics matters of course but for many of these potential emigrants politics is important—they are particularly sensitive to anti‐immigrant rhetoric.