bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Barriers to Collaboration Between Primary Care and Public Health: Experiences at the Local Level
Authors: Pratt Rebekah , Gyllstrom Beth , Gearin Kim , Lange Carol , Hahn David , Baldwin Laura-Mae , VanRaemdonck Lisa , Nease Don , Zahner Susan 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Interest is increasing in collaborations between public health and primary care to address the health of a community. Although the understanding of how these collaborations work is growing, little is known about the barriers facing these partners at the local level. The objective of this study was to identify barriers to collaboration between primary care and public health at the local level in 4 states. Methods: The study team, which comprised 12 representatives of Practice-Based Research Networks (networks of practitioners interested in conducting research in practice-based settings), identified 40 key informants from the public health and primary care fields in Colorado, Minnesota, Washington State, and Wisconsin. The key informants participated in standardized, semistructured telephone interviews with 8 study team members in 2014 and 2015. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. We analyzed key themes and subthemes by drawing on grounded theory. Results: Primary care and public health participants identified similar barriers to collaboration. Barriers at the institutional level included the challenges of the primary care environment, in which providers feel overwhelmed and resources are tight; the need for systems change; a lack of partnership; and geographic challenges. Barriers to collaboration included mutual awareness, communication, data sharing, capacity, lack of resources, and prioritization of resources. Conclusions: Some barriers to collaboration (eg, changes to health care billing, demands on provider time) require systems change to overcome, whereas others (eg, a lack of shared priorities and mutual awareness) could be addressed through educational approaches, without adding resources or making a systemic change. Overcoming these common barriers may lead to more effective collaboration.
Jaw Opening Decreases Window to the Deep Parotid Lobe
Authors: Lee Yu‐Jin , Megwalu Uchechukwu , Melara Erick , Divi Vasu , Fernandes Vinay T. , Sirjani Davud 
Published: April 2018

To describe the relationship between jaw opening and access to the deep parotid window, we identified the following distances in 10 human skulls: symphysis to angle of mandible, mastoid tip to angle of mandible, angle of mandible to condylar process, and mastoid tip to condylar process. With the jaw closed and open, these distances were measured with 1 to 3 wooden blocks, each measuring 1 cm, between the upper and lower incisors. The triangular deep parotid area formed by the last 3 distances was calculated. A repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in the deep parotid area with increasing interincisal distance (P <. 01). A generalized estimating equation model demonstrated a statistically significant decreasing area of the deep parotid window with increasing interincisal distance. These results suggest that nasal intubation may improve access to the parotid window.
Long-term sequelae of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe community-acquired pneumonia: Delirium-associated cognitive impairment and post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Denke Claudia , Balzer Felix , Menk Mario , Szur Sebastian , Brosinsky Georg , Tafelski Sascha , Wernecke Klaus-Dieter , Deja Maria 
Published: April 2018

Objective Delirium in critically ill patients is considered a risk factor for various long-term consequences. We evaluated delirium and associated long-term outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with non-H1N1 and H1N1- associated severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) who had been recommended to take antiviral drugs associated with delirious symptoms as adverse effects. Methods Of 64 patients, 42 survivors (H1N1, 15; non-H1N1, 27) were analyzed regarding the relationship between medication and the duration of delirium in the intensive care unit. During follow-up (n = 23), we assessed cognitive abilities, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), physical capacity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results The incidence of delirium was 88%. There was no difference in the incidence and duration of delirium between patients with H1N1 and non-H1N1 infection. The haloperidol and opioid doses were associated with a longer delirium duration. The delirium duration was correlated with reduced cognitive performance in motor skills, memory function, and learning efficiency. Patients with PTSD (16%) had a significantly longer delirium duration and low mental HRQoL. Conclusions H1N1 infection and corresponding antiviral medication had no impact on delirium. The duration of delirium in these patients was associated with impairments in various outcome parameters, illustrating the burden of sCAP.
Predictors of reliable symptom change: Secondary analysis of the Preschool Autism Communication Trial
Authors: Hudry Kristelle , McConachie Helen , Le Couteur Ann , Howlin Patricia , Barrett Barbara , Slonims Vicky ,   The PACT Consortium
Published: April 2018

Background and aims Despite recent gains in the amount and quality of early autism intervention research, identifying what works for whom remains an ongoing challenge. Exploiting data from the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), we undertook secondary analysis to explore prognostic indicators and predictors of response to one year of PACT therapy versus treatment as usual within this large and rigorously characterised cohort recruited across three UK trial sites. Methods In this secondary analysis of variability in child gains on the primary trial outcome measure – social-communication symptom severity – we used a pragmatic and data-driven approach to identify a subgroup of children who showed reliable improvement and a subgroup showing clear lack thereof. We then tested which among several baseline child and family factors – including measures routinely collected in research trials and clinical practice – varied as a function of child outcome status and treatment group. Results Greater baseline child non-verbal ability was a significant prognostic indicator of symptom reduction over time (i.e. irrespective of treatment group). By contrast, parent synchrony presented as marginal predictor, and trial recruitment site as a significant predictor, of differential outcome by treatment group. Specifically, lower parent synchrony showed some association with poorer outcomes for children from families assigned to treatment as usual (but with no such effect for those assigned to PACT). Similarly, children at one recruitment site were more likely to have poorer outcomes if assigned to treatment as usual, compared to children at the same site assigned to PACT. Conclusions The current data contribute to an evidence base indicting that early non-verbal ability is a robust indicator of generally better prognosis for young children with autism. Lower parent synchrony and a broadly more deprived socio-geographical context may inform the appropriate targeting of PACT. That is, given that the former factors predicted poorer outcome in children from families assigned to treatment as usual, the receipt of a relatively low-dose, parent-mediated and communication-focused therapy might be developmentally protective for young children with autism. Nevertheless, results from this study also highlight the paucity of meaningful predictors of outcome among routine clinical characterisation measures such as those investigated here. Implications Understanding the factors associated with differential treatment outcomes is critical if we are to individualise treatment decisions for children with autism. Inherently tied to this objective is a need to delineate those factors which specifically predict positive response (or lack of response) to one or other treatment option, versus those that indicate generally better (or poorer) prognosis, irrespective of treatment.
ENSAIO FOTOETNOGRÁFICO DA FEIRA CAPIXABA DE PRODUTOS DA REFORMA AGRÁRIA
Authors: Freire Vitorino Fontenele , Miguel Marcelo Calderari 
Published: April 2018

ENSAIO FOTOETNOGRÁFICO DA FEIRA CAPIXABA DE PRODUTOS DA REFORMA AGRÁRIARESUMO: O presente ensaio fotoetnográfico tem como objetivo apresentar um projeto extensionista desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Ufes). Tratam-se de ações educativas iniciadas em 2016 que apresentam resultados crescentes e sustentáveis, apontando a necessidade de ampliar espaços. A Feira Capixaba de Produtos da Reforma Agrária, se apresenta como uma das possibilidades deste Projeto romper os limites da área rural e conquistar novos espaços negociais na área urbana. A linha de extensão é o Desenvolvimento Rural e Questões Agrárias. Este projeto nasceu da articulação da Extensão do Centro Universitário do Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES/UFES) com o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra no Espírito Santo (MST-ES) e o Programa Educação do Campo. Durante a Feira foram exploradas as possibilidades da técnica etnográfica, vivenciando a experiência de estranhamento que traz em si o potencial de explorar o dinamismo das interações sociais que a Feira proporciona ou pela diferença e estranhamento de tal prática no ambiente urbano. Esse evento conglutina a comunidade urbana e o trabalhador camponês, elucidando os benefícios da alimentação saudável para os visitantes da feira.Palavras-chave: Produtos da reforma agrária. Processo de desenvolvimento de serviços. Formas de sociabilidade. Mercado de rua. PHOTOETNOGRAPHIC ESSAY OF THE CAPIXABA FAIR OF AGRARIAN REFORM PRODUCTS ABSTRACT: The present memorial and essay aims to present an extension project developed by the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Ufes). These are educational actions initiated in 2016 and are currently pursuing their own steps and support from the institution. Therefore, this work constitutes a photoetnographic essay and aims to present the Capixaba Fair of Agrarian Reform Products. The extension line is Rural Development and Agrarian Issues and the project was born out of the articulation of the Extension of the Centro Universitário do Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES/UFES) with the Movement of Rural Landless Workers in Espírito Santo (MST-ES) and the Field Education Program. This event conglutinates the urban community and the peasant worker, elucidating the benefits of healthy eating in the central dialogogical-reflective basin of the Espírito Santo lands.Key-words: Products of agrarian reform. Service Development Process. Forms of sociability. Street market.
CARTOGRAFIA TÁTIL E A ELABORAÇÃO DE MATERIAL DIDÁTICO PARA ALUNOS CEGOS / Tactile Cartography and Elaboration Courseware for Blind Students
Authors: Ventorini Silvia Elena , Silva Patrícia Assis da , Rocha Gisa Fernanda Siega 
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo apresenta-se a pesquisa na área da Cartografia Tátil desenvolvida por meio da parceria entre pesquisadores de três Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). O objetivo do estudo é elaborar ações e material didático tátil que possam disseminar a Cartografia Tátil em municípios do Estado de Minas Gerais, contribuindo para o ensino e o aprendizado de alunos com deficiência visual e na Formação Continuada de Professores. A área de estudo é o Instituto São Rafael, localizado no município de Belo Horizonte – MG. O procedimento teórico-metodológico tem como base a perspectiva histórico-cultural e a experiência do grupo de Cartografia Tátil da UNESP. As ações desenvolvidas são: elaboração de mapas táteis e maquetes com e sem recursos sonoros; realização de workshops entre os pesquisadores das três IES; preparação e realização de cursos de extensão, criação de um Website e estudo sobre a organização espacial de alunos cegos. A vivência no Instituto São Rafael tem direcionado o desenvolvimento das ações, tanto na produção de material didático como na divulgação da pesquisa. O resultado da experiência indica que há escassez de material didático e estudos coerentes com a realidade de ensino de Geografia para os alunos com deficiência visual que frequentam o Instituto. ABSTRACTThe aim of this work is to report the study about Tactile Cartography that was developed by an association between researchers from three Institutions of Higher Education (IHE). The purpose of the project is to develop strategies and tactile teaching material to spread the Tactile Cartography around cities from Minas Gerais State in order to give both, blind students and teachers support during the learning process. The study takes place in Belo Horizonte City - MG, at São Rafael Institute. The methodological approach is based on the historic-cultural aspects and the previous experience of UNESP Tactile Cartography group. The procedures are: development of tactile maps and miniatures with and without sound resources; workshop involving researchers from the three IHE; promotion of extension course; website development. The experience gained at São Rafael Institute guides the development of procedures and teaching material, and influences the research dissemination. The result of the project proves that there is a lack of materials and resources concerning teaching Geography to visually impaired or blind students at the Institute.Keywords: Tactile Teaching Material, Blind Student, Teaching Geography
Higiene e segurança em Arqueologia: Conceitos e sugestões para uma prática segura em campo e laboratório.
Authors: Okumura Mercedes , Oliveira Rodrigo Elias 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Assim como em qualquer profissão, a Arqueologia também apresenta ao arqueólogo alguns riscos inerentes ao exercício de suas atividades. Nosso trabalho apresenta e discute as práticas de higiene e de segurança em Arqueologia, com ênfase nos trabalhos de campo e de laboratório. Pretendemos com este artigo aumentar a conscientização da comunidade arqueológica para os potenciais riscos que envolvem os trabalhos nessa área, seja na iniciativa privada seja no ambiente acadêmico, e discutir algumas ações que podem ajudar a aumentar a segurança de trabalhadores e pesquisadores nesses contextos.

Abstract:Like any other profession, archaeology also presents to the archaeologist and to the whole team some inherent risks in the practice of their activities and the environment in which such activity is inserted. Our work presents and discusses the practice of hygiene and safety in archaeology, with emphasis on fieldwork and laboratory activities. We intend to improve awareness of the archaeological community to the potential risks involved in the work in this knowledge area, whether in the private sector either in the academic field work or laboratory activities, and discuss actions that can help increase the security of workers and researchers in these contexts.
Procedimentos geoarqueológicos da área da Fonte Tambiá, Parque Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa, PB
Authors: Azevedo Netto Carlos Xavier de , Rosa Conrad Rodrigues 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: O Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara abriga animais e plantas, bem como uma parte da história de João Pessoa. Antiga fazenda de engenho, a área comporta uma fonte de água situada no fundo do vale. As escavações arqueológicas conduzidas pelo NDIHR/UFPB mostraram os vestígios existentes no subsolo da área próxima à fonte. A metodologia utilizada pelo NDIHR incluiu sondagens e aberturas de transectos, perfis de estratigrafia arqueológica e croquis. Como resultado, os dados mostraram que a área da fonte em pedra calcária foi construída segundo padrão estético da época, com função de regular o volume de água; vários dutos construídos em tijolos prensados canalizavam a água evitando que houvesse inundação, esses dutos variavam de alguns centímetros a 2,50m de profundidade. Outros dados importantes obtidos nas escavações foram testemunhas de aterros na área que circunscreve à fonte. As sondagens e escavações foram executadas até 0,70m, quando acrescidos de dados históricos, estes revelam que vários imóveis haviam sido demolidos nas proximidades do bairro de Tambiá e ali foram sendo depositados. Assim, o revelo foi modificado com processos sucessivos de entulhos, haja vista os vestígios conterem traços de tempo de meados de 1900 até 1970. Os dados coletados mostraram intenso processo de transformação. A pedra calcária que foi utilizada para a construção da fonte está enfraquecendo em contato direto com a água se torna frágil e tende a sumir.

Abstract:The Zoological Park Arruda Câmara shelters animals and plants, as well as part of João Pessoa history. Former mill farm, the area comprises a water source located in the bottom of the valley. The archaeological excavations conducted by the NDIHR / UFPB showed the remains in the subsoil of the area near the source. The methodology used by the NDIHR included surveys and openings of transects, profiles of archaeological stratigraphy and sketches. As a result, the data showed that the area of the limestone source was built according to the esthetic standard of the time, with the function of regulating the volume of water; Several ducts built in pressed bricks channeled the water avoiding floods, these ducts varied from a few centimeters to 2,50m of depth. Other important data obtained in the excavations were witnesses of landfills in the area that circumscribes the water source. Surveys and excavations were carried out up to 0.70m, when added with historical data, these reveal that several properties had been demolished near the Tambiá neighborhood and were being deposited there. Thus, the revelation was modified with successive processes of debris, since the traces contained traces of time from the middle of 1900 until 1970. The data collected showed an intense process of transformation. The limestone that was used for building the fountain is weakening and in direct contact with the Water becomes brittle and tends to disappear.
Neuropeptide Y Depresses GABA-Mediated Calcium Transients in Developing Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons: A Novel Form of Calcium Long-Term Depression
Authors: Obrietan Karl , van den Pol Anthony N. 
Published: April 2018

In contrast to its inhibitory role in mature neurons, GABA can exert excitatory actions in developing neurons, including mediation of increases in cytosolic Ca2+. Modulation of this excitatory activity has not been studied previously. We used Ca2+digital imaging with Fura-2 to test the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y (NPY) would depress GABA-mediated Ca2+rises in neurons cultured from the developing suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). SCN neurons were chosen as a model system for this study because SCN neurons are primarily GABAergic, they express high levels of NPY and GABA receptors, and functionally, NPY causes profound phase-shifts in SCN-generated circadian rhythms.Vigorous GABA-mediated Ca2+activity was found in young SCN neurons that were maintainedin vitrofor 4–14 d. NPY showed a dose-dependent rapid depression of the amplitude of Ca2+rises generated by GABA released from presynaptic SCN axons. NPY exerted a long-term depression of cytosolic Ca2+in the majority of neurons tested, which lasted more than 1 hr after NPY washout. The magnitude of the NPY depression was dose-dependent. NPY did not affect Ca2+levels when GABAAreceptor activity was blocked by bicuculline; however, when bicuculline and NPY were withdrawn from the perfusion solution, the subsequent Ca2+rise was either significantly reduced or completely absent, suggesting that the NPY receptor was activated in the absence of elevated intracellular Ca2+and GABAAreceptor activity, and that the latent effect of NPY was revealed only after depolarizing GABA stimulation was renewed. Pretreating neurons with pertussis toxin greatly reduced the ability of NPY to depress GABAergic Ca2+rises, suggesting that the NPY modulation of the GABA activity was based largely on a mechanism involving pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/Goproteins.NPY receptor stimulation depressed (<30%) postsynaptic Ca2+rises evoked by GABA (20 μm) application in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX). The effects of NPY were mimicked by the NPY Y1 receptor agonist [Pro34,Leu31] NPY and the Y2 receptor agonist NPY 13–36 and by peptide YY (PYY). Together, our data suggest that the Y1 and Y2 type NPY receptors act both presynaptically and postsynaptically to depress GABA-mediated Ca2+rises. If related mechanisms exist in peptide modulation of inhibitory GABA activity in mature neurons, this could underlie long-term changes in the behavior of neurons of the SCN necessary for phase-shifting the circadian clock by NPY. NPY also modulated GABA responses in neuroendocrine neurons from the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. NPY thus can play an important role in evoking long-term depression of GABA-mediated Ca2+activity in these developing neurons, allowing NPY-secreting cells to modulate the effects of GABA on neurite outgrowth, gene expression, and physiological stimulation. This is the first example of such a cellular memory: that is, long-term Ca2+depression based on modulation of depolarizing GABA activity.
Systemic NMDA Receptor Antagonist CGP-40116 Does Not Impair Memory Acquisition but Protects against NMDA Neurotoxicity in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Gutnikov Sergei A. , Gaffan David 
Published: April 2018

A widely accepted hypothesis is that long-term potentiation (LTP) is a synaptic mechanism of memory. NMDA receptors are critically involved in induction but not maintenance of LTP; therefore, their blockade should impair memory acquisition but not retrieval. In Experiment 1, we investigated the effect of a systemic NMDA receptor antagonist, CGP-40116 [d-isomer of CGP-37849: (E)-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid (6 mg/kg, i.m.) 60 min before the testing session] on memory acquisition and retrieval by monkeys in the “object-in-place” visual memory task, an analog of human episodic memory. Only a small increase in error rate was produced (<3%), and this increase was observed in both retention and acquisition tests. This deficit is substantially smaller than the previously reported deficit after fornix transection in the same task, and is not specific to memory acquisition. In Experiment 2, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of CGP-40116. NMDA (68 nmol) was injected into the right hippocampus, then CGP-40116 (6 mg/kg) was given intramuscularly, and then NMDA was injected into the left hippocampus. The area of cell loss in CA1 and CA3 fields was smaller in both hemispheres compared with unprotected monkeys (without CGP-40116). Thus, CGP-40116 provides both retrograde and anterograde protection against NMDA neurotoxicity. These data (1) demonstrate that acquisition of episodic memories remains almost intact when an NMDA receptor antagonist is given in a dose sufficient to block NMDA receptors in the hippocampus, and (2) indirectly oppose the hypothesis that NMDA receptor-dependent LTP plays the key role in memory.