bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic differences in treatment of acute respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares
Authors: El Feghaly Rana E. , Sainz Luis E. , Lee Brian R. , Kronman Matthew P. , Hersh Adam L. , Parente Victoria , Bizune Destani , Sanchez Guillermo V. , Hamdy Rana F. , Nedved Amanda ,   For REDUCE (Reducing Differences in Urgent Care Encounters – Antibiotic Choice) Collaborative
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjective:To determine whether differences exist in antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares (PUCs) by patient race/ethnicity, insurance, and language.Design:Multi-center cohort study.Setting:Nine organizations (92 locations) from 22 states and Washington, DC.Participants:Patients ages 6 months–18 years evaluated April 2022–April 2023, with acute viral respiratory infections, otitis media with effusion (OME), acute otitis media (AOM), pharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and sinusitis.Methods:We compared the use of first-line (FL) therapy as defined by published guidelines. We used race/ethnicity, insurance, and language as exposures. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the odds of FL therapy by group.Results:We evaluated 396,340 ARI encounters. Among all encounters, 351,930 (88.8%) received FL therapy (98% for viral respiratory infections, 85.4% for AOM, 96.0% for streptococcal pharyngitis, 83.6% for sinusitis). OME and CAP had the lowest rates of FL therapy (49.9% and 60.7%, respectively). Adjusted odds of receiving FL therapy were higher in Black Non-Hispanic (NH) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53 [1.47, 1.59]), Asian NH (aOR 1.46 [1.40, 1.53], and Hispanic children (aOR 1.37 [1.33, 1.41]), compared to White NH. Additionally, odds of receiving FL therapy were higher in children with Medicaid/Medicare (aOR 1.21 [1.18–1.24]) and self-pay (aOR 1.18 [1.1–1.27]) compared to those with commercial insurance.Conclusions:This multicenter collaborative showed lower rates of FL therapy for children of the White NH race and those with commercial insurance compared to other groups. Exploring these differences through a health equity lens is important for developing mitigating strategies.
Application and development of invertebrate indices for water quality assessment in Indonesian streams
Authors: Prakoso Satrio Budi , Miyake Yo , Ueda Wataru , Suryatmojo Hatma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The invertebrate indices for assessing water quality have not been widely developed in tropical regions where invertebrate diversity is generally high and severe water quality degradation is ongoing. We compared the applicability of six existing invertebrate indices using the dataset from 23 Indonesian streams and developed a new index by modifying an existing one using Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN). Analyses using general linear models (GLMs) revealed that among the six existing indices, the biological monitoring working party (BMWP)-based scoring system for Thailand streams (BMWP THAI) exhibited the strongest negative relationship with phosphate (PO4-P) concentration, a proxy for stream water quality. Based on the results of TITAN, five taxa were added to develop a modified invertebrate index, namely BMWP IDN, by assigning taxon scores in accordance with the responses to the water quality gradient. The relationship between the BMWP IDN and PO4-P concentration was found to be stronger than any of the existing invertebrate indices, indicating the superiority of the new index. Therefore, the extraction of uncovered sensitive taxa was important for modifying the existing index, and this study can contribute to improving the invertebrate index for assessing water quality of Indonesian streams.
Spatio‐Temporal Consistency and Variability in Parameter Dominance on Simulated Hydrological Fluxes and State Variables
Authors: Guse B. , Han L. , Kumar R. , Rakovec O. , Luedtke S. , Herzog A. , Thober S. , Samaniego L. , Wagener T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrological parameters are used to tailor simulation models to the specific characteristics of a catchment so that models can accurately represent processes under different catchment conditions. In the case of the mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM), its parameters are estimated via transfer functions using the Multiscale Parameter Regionalization (MPR) approach. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability in the sensitivity of transfer function parameters (TFP) and their relationships to corresponding simulated processes are investigated to understand how these TFP control simulated hydrological fluxes and state variables. Daily dominant model parameters are identified for 102 German catchments as a study domain with temperate climate using a temporally resolved parameter sensitivity analysis. This approach allows the comparison of spatial and temporal variability of TFP dominance. Three simulated hydrological fluxes and one state variable are used as target variables for the sensitivity analysis: runoff, actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture (SM), and groundwater recharge. The analysis leads to consistent and plausible patterns of parameter dominance in space. An evapotranspiration parameter dominates actual evapotranspiration and SM. Runoff and recharge are mainly controlled by soil texture, subsurface, and percolation parameters. The relevance of spatial versus temporal variability varies among model parameters and target variables. In some cases, parameter sensitivities are related to the magnitude of corresponding processes. Low spatial and temporal variability of dominant parameters is explained by MPR. In light of these results, a joint spatio‐temporal analysis is recommended to better understand how model parameters drive simulated states and fluxes in hydrological models to improve process accuracy.
Dual Role of Aerosols on Reactive Bromine Recycling in Extrapolar Marine and Continental Regions
Authors: Zhang Yingnan , Chen Xiaorui , Wang Tao , Li Qinyi , Xia Men , Li Mingxue , Mu Jiangshan , Shen Hengqing , Herrmann Hartmut , Xue Likun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReactive bromine species play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and influence the abundance of climate‐ and air quality‐relevant trace gases. While extensive studies have focused on bromine chemistry in polar regions, the bromine species in extrapolar regions, particularly regarding pollution‐related bromine recycling, have received less attention. In this study, we examine the factors influencing the bromine recycling at a clean marine site of the North Atlantic (Cape Verde, CVAO), a semipolluted coastal site of the South China Sea (Hok Tsui, HT), and a polluted continental site of North China (Wangdu, WD), using an observation‐based model combined with updated halogen chemistry. Our results indicate that aerosol‐related multiphase processes significantly affect bromine recycling in these extrapolar sites. Nitrate photodissociation efficiently recycled bromide into the gas phase in regions characterized by strong aerosol acidity (HT) or high aerosol concentrations (WD). Concurrently, bromine species are lost from the gas phase toward aerosol surfaces, with this process being more effective at higher liquid water content (WD > HT > CVAO). In semipolluted and polluted sites, the aerosol‐related processes resulted in elevated bromine levels in the daytime compared to nighttime, leading to larger effects of bromine species on ozone than previously thought. Our study suggests the need for a better understanding of the complex effects of aerosols on reactive halogen chemistry.
The anticancer effect of metformin targets VDAC1 via ER-mitochondria interactions-mediated autophagy in HCC
Authors: Ko Minjeong , Kim Jiho , Lazim Raudah , Lee Ju Yeon , Kim Jin Young , Gosu Vijayakumar , Lee Yoonji , Choi Sun , Kwon Ho Jeong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetformin (MetF) is used worldwide as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Recently, interest in the pleiotropic effects of MetF, such as its anticancer and antiaging properties, has increased. However, the molecular target of MetF and the detailed mechanism underlying its ability to inhibit cell growth through autophagy induction remain incompletely understood. In this study, using an innovative label-free drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS)-LC-MS/MS method, we discovered that mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a novel binding protein involved in the induction of autophagy-related cell death by high-dose MetF in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that MetF and VDAC1 (D9, E203) interact electrostatically. MetF disrupts the IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex, which plays a key role in stabilizing mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), by binding to VDAC1. This disruption leads to increased cytosolic calcium levels, thereby contributing to autophagy induction. MetF also decreased the AMP/ATP ratio and activated the AMPK pathway. Cells with genetic knockdown of VDAC1 mimicked the activity of MetF. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the involvement of MetF in ionic interactions with VDAC1, contributing to its anticancer effects in HCC. These findings help elucidate the diverse biological and pharmacological effects of MetF, particularly its influence on autophagy, as well as the potential of MetF as a therapeutic agent for diseases characterized by VDAC1 overexpression.
Unclassifiable short-rib thoracic dysplasia diagnosed using targeted gene panel sequencing
Authors: Nakajima Erika , Yokohama Yuko , Sugiyama Saori , Taketazu Mio , Mitsube Kenrokuro , Yamada Takahiro , Hammarsjö Anna , Grigelioniene Giedre , Nishimura Gen , Makita Yoshio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report a case of a fetus with short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with polydactyly that also presented with atypical severe acro-mesomelic ossification defects. Genetic analysis using massively parallel sequencing of a skeletal dysplasia panel revealed compound heterozygous variants in DYNC2H1. This clinical report highlights the challenges associated with diagnosing the diverse phenotypes in the SRTD group and emphasizes the importance of genetic surveillance with a targeted gene panel for accurate diagnosis.
Fast-diffusing receptor collisions with slow-diffusing peptide ligand assemble the ternary parathyroid hormone–GPCR–arrestin complex
Authors: Pacheco Jonathan , Peña Karina A. , Savransky Sofya , Gidon Alexandre , Hammond Gerald R. V. , Janetzko John , Vilardaga Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe assembly of a peptide ligand, its receptor, and β-arrestin (βarr) into a ternary complex within the cell membrane is a crucial aspect of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. We explore this assembly by attaching fluorescent moieties to the parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTH1R), using PTH as a prototypical peptide hormone, along with βarr and clathrin, and recording dual-color single-molecule imaging at the plasma membrane of live cells. Here we show that PTH1R exhibits a near-Brownian diffusion, whereas unbound hormone displays limited mobility and slow lateral diffusion at the cell surface. The formation of the PTH–PTH1R–βarr complex occurs in three sequential steps: (1) receptor and ligand collisions, (2) phosphoinositide (PIP3)-dependent recruitment and conformational change of βarr molecules at the plasma membrane, and (3) collision of most βarr molecules with the ligand-bound receptor within clathrin clusters. Our results elucidate the non-random pathway by which PTH–PTH1R–βarr complex is formed and unveil the critical role of PIP3 in regulating GPCR signaling.
Continuous-wave electrically pumped multi-quantum-well laser based on group-IV semiconductors
Authors: Seidel Lukas , Liu Teren , Concepción Omar , Marzban Bahareh , Kiyek Vivien , Spirito Davide , Schwarz Daniel , Benkhelifa Aimen , Schulze Jörg , Ikonic Zoran , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Chelnokov Alexei , Witzens Jeremy , Capellini Giovanni , Oehme Michael , Grützmacher Detlev , Buca Dan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver the last 30 years, group-IV semiconductors have been intensely investigated in the quest for a fundamental direct bandgap semiconductor that could yield the last missing piece of the Si Photonics toolbox: a continuous-wave Si-based laser. Along this path, it has been demonstrated that the electronic band structure of the GeSn/SiGeSn heterostructures can be tuned into a direct bandgap quantum structure providing optical gain for lasing. In this paper, we present a versatile electrically pumped, continuous-wave laser emitting at a near-infrared wavelength of 2.32 µm with a low threshold current of 4 mA. It is based on a 6-periods SiGeSn/GeSn multiple quantum-well heterostructure. Operation of the micro-disk laser at liquid nitrogen temperature is possible by changing to pulsed operation and reducing the heat load. The demonstration of a continuous-wave, electrically pumped, all-group-IV laser is a major breakthrough towards a complete group-IV photonics technology platform.
Lack of TYK2 signaling enhances host resistance to Candida albicans skin infection
Authors: Miranda Sara , Lassnig Caroline , Schmidhofer Kristina , Kjartansdottir Hrönn , Vogl Claus , Tangermann Simone , Tsymala Irina , Babl Verena , Müller Mathias , Kuchler Karl , Strobl Birgit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCandida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, causing diseases ranging from local to life-threating systemic infections. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a crucial mediator in several cytokine signaling pathways, has been associated with protective functions in various microbial infections. However, its specific contribution in the immune response to fungal infections has remained elusive. In this study, we show that mice lacking TYK2 or its enzymatic activity exhibit enhanced resistance to C. albicans skin infections, limiting fungal spread and accelerating wound healing. Impaired TYK2-signaling prompted the formation of a distinctive layer of necrotic neutrophils around the fungal pathogens. Transcriptomic analysis revealed TYK2’s pivotal role in regulating interferon-inducible genes in neutrophils, thereby impacting their antifungal capacity during infection. Furthermore, we show that TYK2-dependent interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production contributes to fungal dissemination from the skin to the kidneys. Our study uncovers a hitherto unrecognized detrimental role of TYK2 in cutaneous C. albicans infections.
Mimicking on-water surface synthesis through micellar interfaces
Authors: Prasoon Anupam , Ghouse Shaik , Nguyen Nguyen Ngan , Yang Hyejung , Müller Alina , Naisa Chandrasekhar , Paasch Silvia , Herbawe Abdallh , Aiti Muhannad Al , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Brunner Eike , Feng Xinliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe chemistry of the on-water surface, characterized by enhanced reactivity, distinct selectivity, and confined reaction geometry, offers significant potential for chemical and materials syntheses. However, the utilization of on-water surface synthesis is currently limited by the requirement for a stable air-water interface, which restricts its broader synthetic applications. In this work, we present a approach that mimics on-water surface chemistry using micelles. This method involves the self-assembly of charged surfactant molecules beyond their critical micelle concentration (CMC), forming micellar structures that simulate the air-water interface. This creates an environment conducive to chemical reactions, featuring a hydrophobic core and surrounding water layer. Utilizing such mimicking on-water surface with the assembly of porphyrin-based monomers featuring distinct confined geometry and preferential orientations, we achieve reactivity and selectivity (≥99%) in fourteen different reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. Extending the versatility of this approach, we further demonstrate its applicability to two-dimensional (2D) polymerization on micellar interfaces, successfully achieving the aqueous synthesis of crystalline 2D polymer thin layers. This strategy significantly broadens the accessibility of on-water surface chemistry for a wide range of chemical syntheses.
A novel deep learning algorithm for real-time prediction of clinical deterioration in the emergency department for a multimodal clinical decision support system
Authors: Choi Arom , Lee Kwanhyung , Hyun Heejung , Kim Kwang Joon , Ahn Byungeun , Lee Kyung Hyun , Hahn Sangchul , Choi So Yeon , Kim Ji Hoon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe array of complex and evolving patient data has limited clinical decision making in the emergency department (ED). This study introduces an advanced deep learning algorithm designed to enhance real-time prediction accuracy for integration into a novel Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). A retrospective study was conducted using data from a level 1 tertiary hospital. The algorithm’s predictive performance was evaluated based on in-hospital cardiac arrest, inotropic circulatory support, advanced airway, and intensive care unit admission. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for CDSS that integrates multiple data modalities, including vitals, laboratory, and imaging results from electronic health records. The AI model was trained and tested on a dataset of 237,059 ED visits. The algorithm’s predictions, based solely on triage information, significantly outperformed traditional logistic regression models, with notable improvements in the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). Additionally, predictive accuracy improved with the inclusion of continuous data input at shorter intervals. This study suggests the feasibility of using AI algorithms in diverse clinical scenarios, particularly for earlier detection of clinical deterioration. Future work should focus on expanding the dataset and enhancing real-time data integration across multiple centers to further optimize its application within the novel CDSS.
Re–Os dating of the Makimine and Shimokawa VMS deposits for new age constraints on ridge subduction beneath Japanese Islands
Authors: Nozaki Tatsuo , Takaya Yutaro , Nakayama Ken , Kato Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRidge subduction is a trigger of thermal metamorphism and hydrothermal activity; thus, it is an important process for understanding geological history of accretionary complexes. However, determining the timing of ridge subduction is often challenging owing to metamorphism and poor microfossil preservation. Some Besshi-type volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits associated with in situ greenstone originated by hydrothermal mineralisation on a sediment-covered mid-ocean ridge (MOR); thus, their depositional ages constrain the timing of ridge subduction. Here, we report Re–Os isochron ages of the Makimine and Shimokawa VMS deposits in southwest and northeast Japan. The Re–Os isotope ratios exhibit well-defined linearity and their isochron ages are 89.4 ± 1.2 and 48.2 ± 0.9 Ma. Considering (1) the almost same depositional ages of the VMS deposits with surrounding sedimentary rocks; (2) their close association with in situ greenstone and absence of chert; (3) their radiogenic Pb isotope composition; (4) their high sulphur isotope (δ34S) composition with a wide variation; and (5) high thermal gradient in the Makimine area, we inferred the depositional setting of both VMS deposits to be a sediment-covered MOR in a shelf sea. Thus, the VMS deposits were formed just before Izanagi–Pacific Ridge subduction beneath the paleo-Japanese Islands.
Effects of the therapeutic correction of U1 snRNP complex on Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Leal Caio Bruno Q. S. , Zimmer Camila G. M. , Sinatti Vanessa V. C. , Soares Ericks S. , Poppe Britt , de Wiart Adrien Carton , Chua Xue Ying , da Silva Ronan V. , Magdesian Margaret H. , Rafii Michael S. , Buée Luc , Bottos Rafael M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe U1 snRNP complex recognizes pre-mRNA splicing sites in the early stages of spliceosome assembly and suppresses premature cleavage and polyadenylation. Its dysfunction may precede Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hallmarks. Here we evaluated the effects of a synthetic single-stranded cDNA (APT20TTMG) that interacts with U1 snRNP, in iPSC-derived neurons from a donor diagnosed with AD and in the SAMP8 mouse model. APT20TTMG effectively binds to U1 snRNP, specifically decreasing TAU in AD neurons, without changing mitochondrial activity or glutamate. Treatment enhanced neuronal electrical activity, promoted an enrichment of differentially expressed genes related to key processes affected by AD. In SAMP8 mice, APT20TTMG reduced insoluble pTAU in the hippocampus, amyloid-beta and GFAP in the cortex, and U1-70 K in both brain regions, without cognitive changes. This study highlights the correction of the U1 snRNP complex as a new target for AD.
Deep learning versus human assessors: forensic sex estimation from three-dimensional computed tomography scans
Authors: Lye Ridhwan , Min Hang , Dowling Jason , Obertová Zuzana , Estai Mohamed , Bachtiar Nur Amelia , Franklin Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCranial sex estimation often relies on visual assessments made by a forensic anthropologist following published standards. However, these methods are prone to human bias and may be less accurate when applied to populations other than those for which they were originally developed with. This study explores an automatic deep learning (DL) framework to enhance sex estimation accuracy and reduce bias. Utilising 200 cranial CT scans of Indonesian individuals, various DL network configurations were evaluated against a human observer. The most accurate DL network, which learned to estimate sex and cranial traits as an auxiliary task, achieved a classification accuracy of 97%, outperforming the human observer at 82%. Grad-CAM visualisations indicated that the DL model appears to focus on certain cranial traits, while also considering overall size and shape. This study demonstrates the potential of using DL to assist forensic anthropologists in providing more accurate and less biased estimations of skeletal sex.
A study on the mechanical strength of alfalfa seeds stimulated with continuous laser light
Authors: Dziwulska-Hunek Agata , Szymanek Mariusz , Matwijczuk Arkadiusz , Leszczyński Norbert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe presented study explored the impact of He-Ne laser light stimulation on basic, selected mechanical properties of alfalfa seeds. The following parameters were considered: destructive force (F), destructive force work (W), and absolute longitudinal deformation (dL). Moreover, the single seed mass (m) was measured prior to the compression test, and the ratios of destructive force to absolute longitudinal deformation (F/dL) and destructive force work to single seed mass (W/m) were calculated. Subsequently, the mass of 1000 seeds was determined using RADWAG XA110.3Y scales, and the geometric dimensions of seeds were measured using a Keyence VHX-2000 microscope. Prior to the compression test, the seeds were subjected to laser light stimulation (λ = 632.8 nm, surface force density = 6 mW·cm− 2) with the exposure time of, respectively: 0 s (control – no stimulation – C), 30 s (L30s), 1 min (L1), 2 min (L2), and 3 min (L3). We observed an increase in most of the mechanical parameters measured under the influence of all the laser light stimulation variants. The only exception was the F/dL ratio, which decreased after 2 and 3-minute exposure, as compared to the control. The results evidenced increased mechanical strength of the stimulated seeds, which may prove significant to the cultivation of new, more resilient cultivars.