bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From by‐product to food ingredient: evaluation of compositional and technological properties of olive‐leaf phenolic extracts
Authors: Flamminii Federica , Di Mattia Carla Daniela , Difonzo Graziana , Neri Lilia , Faieta Marco , Caponio Francesco , Pittia Paola 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost olive by‐products, like olive leaves, are still undervalued despite their strong potential as a source of healthy and functional components. To exploit their potential use as active ingredients in complex food systems, it is of primary importance the knowledge of their composition and technological functionality which represented the objective of this work.RESULTSPhenolic extracts from olive leaves, obtained by extraction with pure water (Eth0) and two different water‐ethanol solutions (Eth30, Eth70), were characterized for their composition and technological properties such as water‐ / oil‐ holding ability, air/water surface activity, and emulsifying capacity at pH 4.5 and 7. Their chemical stability over time, at constant temperature, was also investigated. The technological properties were affected by extraction media and pH. Phenolic extracts displayed significant surface activity, showing dose‐dependent behavior. Surface properties were affected by pH and this result was confirmed by the emulsifying capacity. The extracts showed good oil‐holding capacity but limited water‐binding capacity. Eth70 showed the highest chemical stability, which was confirmed by the rate parameters obtained by modeling data using a Weibull model.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study highlight that olive leaves extracts can represent a useful ingredient in acidic lipid‐containing foods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Antitumor bioactivity of porphyran extracted from Pyropia yezoensis Chonsoo2 on human cancer cell lines
Authors: He Dan , Wu Siya , Yan Liping , Zuo Jihui , Cheng Yang , Wang Hanfei , Liu Jian , Zhang Xu , Wu Mingjiang , Choi Jong‐il , Tong Haibin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPyropia yezoensis, rich in porphyran, is a medicine‐edible red alga. In the present study, the physicochemical characteristics, conformational states and antitumor activities of a novel porphyran extracted from the high‐yield algal strain Pyropia yezoensis Chonsoo2 and its two degraded derivatives by gamma irradiation were investigated.RESULTSPyropia yezoensis porphyran is a water‐soluble, triple‐helical sulfated hetero‐galactopyranose, named PYP. PYP was degraded by gamma irradiation at 20 kGy and 50 kGy, giving two low molecular weight derivatives comprising PYP‐20 and PYP‐50, respectively. PYP with a higher molecular weight has a solution conformation different from PYP‐20 and PYP‐50. Three porphyrans had no toxicity in normal human liver cells (HL‐7702) and showed antitumor effects on Hep3B, HeLa and MDA‐MB‐231. They had better antitumor against HeLa cells, exhibiting a similar inhibition ratio compared to 5‐fluorouracil, with PYP especially exhibiting a higher inhibition ratio than 5‐fluorouracil. With respect to HeLa cells, the different antitumor activities might be related to porphyran molecular weight and solution conformation. Furthermore, the HeLa cell cycle was blocked in the G2/M phase after PYP treatment, leading to cell proliferation inhibition. The induction of cell cycle arrest was related to the changes in the expression of p21, p53, Cyclin B1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1.CONCLUSIONPyropia yezoensis porphyran, as applied to medicine and functional food, could potentially be used as a non‐toxic natural adjuvant in cancer therapy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical composition and bioactive properties of Cichorium spinosum L. in relation to nitrate/ammonium nitrogen ratio
Authors: Petropoulos Spyridon A , Fernandes Ângela , Calhelha Ricardo C , Di Gioia Francesco , Kolovou Panagiota , Barros Lillian , Ferreira Isabel C F R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrogenous fertilizers may affect the yield and quality of leafy vegetables via the application rate and nitrogen form. In the present study, the effect of the nitrate:ammonium nitrogen ratio in the nutrient solution on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of Cichorium spinosum leaves was evaluated. For this purpose, C. spinosum plants were fertigated with nutrient solution containing different ratios of nitrate: ammonium nitrogen: (i) 100:0 NO3‐N:NH4‐N; (ii) 75:25 NO3‐N:NH4‐N; (iii) 50:50 NO3‐N:NH4‐N; (iv) 25:75 NO3‐N:NH4‐N; and (v) 0:100 NO3‐N:NH4‐N of total nitrogen; as well as (vi) 100% ureic nitrogen.RESULTSThe only detected tocopherol isoforms were α‐ and δ‐tocopherol, which were positively affected by nitrate nitrogen (100:0 NO3‐N:NH4‐N). Similar results were observed for individual and total organic acids. The main detected sugars were fructose, glucose and sucrose, with a varied effect of nutrient solution composition on their content, whereas total sugar concentration was positively affected by a balanced or a slightly increased proportion of NH4‐N (50:50 and 25:75 NO3‐N:NH4‐N). The fatty acids profile was beneficially affected by the highest NH4‐N ratio (0:100 NO3‐N:NH4‐N), whereas higher amounts of NO3− than NH4+ nitrogen (75:25 NO3‐N:NH4‐N) resulted in a higher content of total phenolic compounds. Finally, no cytotoxic effects were observed against non‐tumor (PLP2, HeLa) and tumor (HepG2, MCF‐7, NCI‐H460) cell lines for any of the studied nutrient solutions.CONCLUSIONThe modulation of NO3‐N:NH4‐N ratio in the nutrient solution supplied to C. spinosum may enhance the content of desirable health‐promoting compounds and reduce the content of antinutrients, thus increasing the overall quality of the final product without compromising yield. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
ADCY5–Related Dyskinesia: Improving Clinical Detection of an Evolving Disorder
Authors: Vijiaratnam Nirosen , Bhatia Kailash P. , Lang Anthony E. , Raskind Wendy H. , Espay Alberto J. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe phenotypic spectrum of adenylyl cyclase 5 (ADCY5)‐related disease has expanded considerably since the first description of the disorder in 1978 as familial essential chorea in a multiplex family.ObjectiveTo examine recent advances in the understanding of ADCY5‐related dyskinesia and outline a diagnostic approach to enhance clinical detection.MethodsA pragmatic review of the ADCY5 literature was undertaken to examine unique genetic and pathophysiological features as well as distinguishing clinical features.ResultsWith over 70 cases reported to date, the phenotype is recognized to be broad, although distinctive features include prominent facial dyskinesia, motor exacerbations during drowsiness or sleep arousal, episodic painful dystonic posturing increased with stress or illness, and axial hypotonia with delayed developmental milestones. Uncommon phenotypes include childhood‐onset chorea, myoclonus‐dystonia, isolated nongeneralized dystonia, and alternating hemiplegia.ConclusionThe ongoing expansion in clinical features suggests that ADCY5 remains underdiagnosed and may account for a proportion of “idiopathic” hyperkinetic movement disorders. Enhanced understanding of its clinical features may help clinicians improve the detection of complex or uncommon cases.
Beneficial Effects of External Cueing on Freezing of Gait in a Subject With Polymerase‐γ Gene Mutations
Authors: Nonnekes Jorik , Nijkrake Maarten J. , van Duijnhoven Hanneke J.R. , Bloem Bastiaan R. 
Published: July 2019

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Comparison of penh, fluka, and Geant4/topas for absorbed dose calculations in air cavities representing ionization chambers in high‐energy photon and proton beams
Authors: Baumann Kilian‐Simon , Horst Felix , Zink Klemens , Gomà Carles 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to analyze whether the Monte Carlo codes penh, fluka, and geant4/topas are suitable to calculate absorbed doses and ratios in therapeutic high‐energy photon and proton beams.MethodsWe used penh, fluka, geant4/topas, and egsnrc to calculate the absorbed dose to water in a reference water cavity and the absorbed dose to air in two air cavities representative of a plane‐parallel and a cylindrical ionization chamber in a 1.25 MeV photon beam and a 150 MeV proton beam — egsnrc was only used for the photon beam calculations. The physics and transport settings in each code were adjusted to simulate the particle transport as detailed as reasonably possible. From these absorbed doses, factors, factors, and ratios (which are the basis of Monte Carlo calculated beam quality correction factors ) were calculated and compared between the codes. Additionally, we calculated the spectra of primary particles and secondary electrons in the reference water cavity, as well as the integrated depth–dose curve of 150 MeV protons in water.ResultsThe absorbed doses agreed within 1.4% or better between the individual codes for both the photon and proton simulations. The and factors agreed within 0.5% or better for the individual codes for both beam qualities. The resulting ratios for 150 MeV protons agreed within 0.7% or better. For the 1.25 MeV photon beam, the spectra of photons and secondary electrons agreed almost perfectly. For the 150 MeV proton simulation, we observed differences in the spectra of secondary protons whereas the spectra of primary protons and low‐energy delta electrons also agreed almost perfectly. The first 2 mm of the entrance channel of the 150 MeV proton Bragg curve agreed almost perfectly while for greater depths, the differences in the integrated dose were up to 1.5%.Conclusionpenh, fluka, and geant4/topas are capable of calculating beam quality correction factors in proton beams. The differences in the and factors between the codes are 0.5% at maximum. The differences in the ratios are 0.7% at maximum.
How to measure long‐range proton‐carbon coupling constants from 1H‐selective HSQMBC experiments
Authors: Saurí Josep , Nolis Pau , Parella Teodor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeteronuclear long‐range scalar coupling constants (nJCH) are a valuable tool for solving problems in organic chemistry and are especially suited for stereochemical and configurational analyses of small molecules and natural products. This tutorial will focus on the step‐by‐step implementation of several 2D 1H frequency selective HSQMBC experiments for the easy and accurate measurement of either the magnitude or both the magnitude and the sign of long‐range nJCH couplings. The performance of these experiments will be showcased with several scenarios in a range of different experimental conditions.
Electrolyte beverage consumption alters electrically induced cramping threshold
Authors: Earp Jacob E. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Stranieri Andrew , Agostinucci James , Lepley Adam S. , Matson Taylor , Ward‐Ritacco Christie L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent investigations have questioned the role of hydration and electrolytes in cramp susceptibility and thus the efficacy of consuming electrolyte‐rich carbohydrate beverages (EB) to control/prevent cramping.MethodsNine euhydrated, cramp‐prone participants had their cramp susceptibility assessed by measuring the nerve stimulation threshold frequency at which cramping occurs (TF) before and after consumption of an EB (kCal: 120, Na: 840 mg, K: 320 mg, Mg: 5 mg) and placebo beverage (PB: kCal: 5, Na: 35 mg). Cramp intensity was assessed using a verbal pain scale and poststimulation electromyography (EMG).ResultsTF was greater in EB (14.86 ± 7.47 Hz) than PB (14.00 ± 5.03 Hz; P = .038) and reported pain was lower in EB (2.0 ± 0.6) than PB (2.7 ± 0.8; P = .025) while EMG was similar (P = .646).DiscussionEB consumption decreased cramp susceptibility and pain but did not prevent cramping in any participants. These results suggest that electrolyte consumption independent of hydration can influence cramp susceptibility in young people.
Optimal allocation of minimal repairs in parallel and series systems
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Zhao Peng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn reliability engineering, the concept of minimal repair describes that the repair brings the failed unit (eg, system or component) to the situation which is same as it was just before the failure. With the help of the well‐known Gamma‐Poisson relationship, this paper investigates optimal allocation strategies of minimal repairs for parallel and series systems through implementing stochastic comparisons of various allocation policies in terms of the hazard rate, the reversed hazard rate, and the likelihood ratio orderings. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate these findings as well. These results not only strengthen and generalize some known ones in the seminal work of Shaked and Shanthikumar, but also solve the open problems proposed by Chahkandi et al.'s study and Arriaza et al.'s study.
New approach to the Lax‐Wendroff modified differential equation for linear and nonlinear advection
Authors: Winnicki Ireneusz , Jasinski Janusz , Pietrek Slawomir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe paper presents an enhanced analysis of the Lax‐Wendroff difference scheme—up to the eighth‐order with respect to time and space derivatives—of the modified‐partial differential equation (MDE) of the constant‐wind‐speed advection equation. The modified equation has been so far derived mainly as a fourth‐order equation. The Π‐form of the first differential approximation (differential approximation or equivalent equation) derived by expressing the time derivatives in terms of the space derivatives is used for presenting the MDE. The obtained coefficients at higher order derivatives are analyzed for indications of the character of the dissipative and dispersive errors. The authors included a part of the stencil applied for determining the modified differential equation up to the eighth‐order of the analyzed modified differential equation for the second‐order Lax‐Wendroff scheme. Neither the derived coefficients at the space derivatives of order p ∈ (7 – 8) in the modified differential equation for the Lax‐Wendroff difference scheme nor the results of analyses on the basis of these coefficients of the group velocity, phase shift errors, or dispersive and dissipative features of the scheme have been published. The MDEs for 2 two‐step variants of the Lax‐Wendroff type difference schemes and the MacCormack predictor–corrector scheme (see MacCormack's study) constructed for the scalar hyperbolic conservation laws are also presented in this paper. The analysis of the inviscid Burgers equation solution with the initial condition in a form of a shock wave has been discussed on their basis. The inviscid Burgers equation with the source is also presented. The theory of MDE started to develop after the paper of C. W. Hirt was published in 1968.
Fetal pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: Features, associations, and outcome in fetuses with different pulmonary circulation supply types
Authors: Zhou Jia , Zhou Qichang , Peng Qinghai , Zhang Rongsheng , Tang Wenjuan , Zeng Shi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess features and outcome in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA‐VSD).MethodsFetuses with PA‐VSD were prospectively enrolled and grouped on the basis of the pulmonary blood supply, including type A (only arterial duct [DA]), type B (both DA and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries [MAPCAs] present), and type C (MAPCAs only). The echocardiography features, associated chromosomal/genetic malformations, and postnatal outcome were compared among the three groups.ResultsFifty‐five fetuses with PA‐VSD were enrolled. The presence of confluent PAs varied, with the highest displaying rate in type A and lowest rate in type C (100% vs 41.1%). The intrapericardial pulmonary arteries in all groups were hypoplastic but smaller in types B and C than in type A (P < .05). Deletion of 22q11.2 and right aortic arch were more frequently observed in types B and C than in type A. At the end of the study, overall survival rates in type C were lower than those in type A (22.1% vs 77.3%).ConclusionThere are great differences in the size of pulmonary arteries, associated genetic malformations, and perinatal outcomes among fetuses with PA‐VSD. These results could be used for family counseling and surgical planning.
Transposition of the great arteries: Fetal pulmonary valve growth and postoperative neo‐aortic root dilatation
Authors: van der Palen Roel L.F. , van der Zee Carlijn , Vink Arja S. , Knobbe Ingmar , Jurgens Sean J. , van Leeuwen Elizabeth , Bax Caroline J. , du Marchie Sarvaas Gideon J. , Blom Nico A. , Haak Monique C. , Bilardo Caterina M. , Clur Sally‐Ann B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesDocumentation of semilunar valve growth in fetal transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and the relationship between neo‐aortic root (NAoR) dilatation, a cause for postoperative reinterventions after the arterial switch operation (ASO), and pulmonary valve (PV) annulus dimensions prenatally.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter observational study included TGA fetuses suitable for ASO. Semilunar valve annuli pre‐ASO and NAoR diameters (post‐ASO) were measured. Trends in annulus diameters were analyzed using a linear mixed‐effects model and compared with normal values. Prenatal semilunar valve Z‐scores were correlated with NAoR diameters post‐ASO.ResultsWe included 137 TGA fetuses (35.8% with significant ventricular septal defects [VSDs]). One hundred twenty‐one underwent ASO. Fetal TGA‐PV diameters were significantly larger than control aortic valve (AoV) and PV annuli from 23 and 27 weeks, respectively, especially when a VSD was present. Fetal TGA‐AoV annuli were significantly larger than control AoV and PV annuli from 26 and 30 weeks, respectively.Z‐scores of fetal TGA‐PV and NAoR diameter at last follow‐up correlated significantly (P < .001 at 26‐30 wk).ConclusionFetal TGA semilunar valve annuli are larger than control annuli, especially when there is a significant VSD. Factors besides postoperative hemodynamics, including fetal anatomy, PV Z‐score, prenatal flow, connective tissue properties, and genetics, may influence the risk for late reintervention in these fetuses.
Prenatal and postnatal MRI findings in open spinal dysraphism following intrauterine repair via open versus fetoscopic surgical techniques
Authors: Nagaraj Usha D. , Bierbrauer Karin S. , Stevenson Charles B. , Peiro Jose L. , Lim Foong Yen , Habli Mounira A. , Kline‐Fath Beth M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine MRI findings of the brain and spine on prenatal and postnatal MRI following intrauterine repair of open spinal dysraphism (OSD) by open hysterotomy and fetoscopic approaches.Materials and methodsThis study is a single‐center HIPAA‐compliant and IRB‐approved retrospective analysis of fetal MRIs with open spinal dysraphism from January 2011 through December 2018 that underwent subsequent prenatal repair of OSD.ResultsSixty‐two patients met inclusion criteria: 47 underwent open repair, and 15 underwent fetoscopic repair, with an average gestational age of 22.6 ± 1.4 weeks at initial MRI. On postnatal MRI, spinal cord syrinx was seen in 34% (16/47) of patients undergoing open versus 33.3% (5/15) undergoing fetoscopic repair (P = 0.96). Postnatally, there was no significant difference in hindbrain herniation between the open versus fetoscopic repair groups (P = 0.28). Lateral ventricular size was significantly larger in the open (20.9 ± 6.7 mm) versus the fetoscopic repair (16.1 ± 4.9 mm) group (P = 0.01).ConclusionThough lateral ventricular size in the open repair group was larger than the fetoscopic repair group, this can likely be explained by initial selection criteria used for fetoscopic repair. Other postoperative imaging parameters on postnatal MRI were not significantly different between the two groups.
Structural and functional study of FK domain of Fstl1
Authors: Li Xinxin , Li Lian , Chang Yue , Ning Wen , Liu Xinqi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFstl1 is a TGF‐β superfamily binding protein which involved in many pathological processes. The function of Fstl1 has been widely elucidated, but its structural characterization has not been explored. Here we solved the high‐resolution crystal structure of FK domain of murine Fstl1, analyzed its unique characteristics, and investigated its contribution to the function of full‐length Fstl1. We found that Fstl1‐FK forms a stable dimer in both solution and crystal, which suggest that this protein may function as a dimer during its interaction with TGF‐β, a molecule known to form dimer during activation process. We also found this FK domain is indispensable for the proper function of Fstl1 during the transduction of TGF‐β signaling. These observations provide important insights into the understanding of Fstl1 and may facilitate the exploration of this molecule in clinical study.
NMR‐assisted protein structure prediction with MELDxMD
Authors: Robertson James C. , Nassar Roy , Liu Cong , Brini Emiliano , Dill Ken A. , Perez Alberto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe describe the performance of MELD‐accelerated molecular dynamics (MELDxMD) in determining protein structures in the NMR‐data‐assisted category in CASP13. Seeded from web server predictions, MELDxMD was found best in the NMR category, over 17 targets, outperforming the next‐best groups by a factor of ~4 in z‐score. MELDxMD gives ensembles, not single structures; succeeds on a 326‐mer, near the current upper limit for NMR structures; and predicts structures that match experimental residual dipolar couplings even though the only NMR‐derived data used in the simulations was NOE‐based ambiguous atom–atom contacts and backbone dihedrals. MELD can use noisy and ambiguous experimental information to reduce the MD search space. We believe MELDxMD is a promising method for determining protein structures from NMR data.
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia vs molar pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Jeffrey Philippa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlacental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare yet serious placental vascular abnormality featuring placental hypertrophy and grape‐like fluid‐filled spaces that can easily be misdiagnosed for other conditions, particularly molar pregnancy. It can be difficult to differentiate these entities with ultrasound alone; however, it is very important for sonographers to understand the difference between PMD and molar pregnancy, as each has a very different prognosis. This case report describes an enlarged placenta containing fluid‐filled spaces, a structurally and chromosomally normal fetus, PMD, and its differential diagnoses.