bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum folate concentrations at diagnosis are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma survival in the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort study
Authors: Fang Ai-Ping , Liu Zhao-Yan , Liao Gong-Cheng , Chen Pei-Yan , Wang Xiao-Yan , Zhang Dao-Ming , Luo Yun , Long Jing-An , Zhong Rong-Huan , Zhou Zhong-Guo , Xu Yan-Jun , Xu Xiao-Jun , Ling Wen-Hua , Chen Min-Shan , Zhang Yao-Jun , Zhu Hui-Lian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExisting data on folate status and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis are scarce. We prospectively examined whether serum folate concentrations at diagnosis were associated with liver cancer-specific survival (LCSS) and overall survival (OS) among 982 patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated HCC, who were enrolled in the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort (GLCC) study between September 2013 and February 2017. Serum folate concentrations were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI by sex-specific quartile of serum folate. Compared with patients in the third quartile of serum folate, patients in the lowest quartile had significantly inferior LCSS (HR = 1·48; 95 % CI 1·05, 2·09) and OS (HR = 1·43; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·99) after adjustment for non-clinical and clinical prognostic factors. The associations were not significantly modified by sex, age at diagnosis, alcohol drinking status and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage. However, there were statistically significant interactions on both multiplicative and additive scale between serum folate and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels or smoking status and the associations of lower serum folate with worse LCSS and OS were only evident among patients with CRP > 3·0 mg/l or current smokers. An inverse association with LCSS were also observed among patients with liver damage score ≥3. These results suggest that lower serum folate concentrations at diagnosis are independently associated with worse HCC survival, most prominently among patients with systemic inflammation and current smokers. A future trial of folate supplementation seems to be promising in HCC patients with lower folate status.
Impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D on cardiac prognosis in Chinese patients with heart failure
Authors: Hou Ya-Min , Zhao Jian-Ye , Liu Hong-Yan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence that suggests the association of vitamin D status with the development and progression of heart failure (HF). The objective of the present study is to assess the impact of concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) on cardiac prognosis in patients with HF. Between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016, we consecutively recruited patients with HF. Patients were followed prospectively for a median duration of 1 year. Serum concentration of 25(OH)D was measured with competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. The endpoints were cardiac events, including CVD death and rehospitalisation for worsening HF. Univariate and multivariable adjustments were performed with Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses. The 25(OH)D concentration was obtained in 343 patients with a median value of 17·4 (interquartile range 12·6–23·4) ng/ml. There were 102 cardiac events, including forty-three deaths and fifty-nine rehospitalisations. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis found that the serum concentration 25(OH)D was independently associated with cardiac events (hazard ratio 0·93, 95 % CI 0·88, 0·97) and CVD mortality (hazard ratio 0·83; 95 % CI 0·77, 0·89) after adjustment for confounding factors. We divided the HF patients into four groups according to the 25(OH)D quartiles. Kaplan–Meier analysis found that the patients with lower serum 25(OH)D concentration had a higher risk of cardiac events or CVD mortality than those with high serum 25(OH)D concentration (log-rank test P < 0·001 and P = 0·032). Decreased serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were associated with cardiac prognosis and CVD mortality in a Chinese population with HF independent of other baseline HF markers.
Assessing ototoxicity and patients’ satisfaction of topical local anaesthesia in myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion
Authors: Marzouk S , Al-lami A , Sykes R , Neumann C , Nixon I J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesAnimal studies have suggested that exposure of the middle ear to topical local anaesthesia may be ototoxic. This study aimed to report sensorineural hearing outcomes and patients’ satisfaction in those who underwent myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion using topical local anaesthesia.MethodsTwenty-nine patients (32 ears) were operated on. Pre- and post-operative audiology findings were compared. A Likert-type questionnaire on treatment satisfaction was completed at the end of the procedure.ResultsMedian patient age was 55 years (range, 27–88 years). Pre- and post-operative bone conduction pure tone averages were 26.76 dB and 25.26 dB respectively (mean reduction of −1.22 dB, 95 per cent confidence interval of −5.91 to 8.13 dB; p = 0.7538). One ear (3 per cent) had a reduction in pure tone average of 10 dB.ConclusionThe results suggest that sensorineural hearing loss is not a complication of ear exposure to topical local anaesthesia during myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion. The procedure was well perceived.
Unwillingness and Imagination in Frederick Douglass'sThe Heroic Slave
Authors: Bennett Nolan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFrederick Douglass testified often to his experiences and the injustice of slavery. Yet how did he explain those who were unmoved, and what did he envision as compelling them to act? I turn toThe Heroic Slaveto investigate Douglass on white unwillingness. A fictional account of the factual mutiny of the enslaved Madison Washington in 1841, Douglass's novella narrates Washington's emancipation through the perspectives of a white northerner and southerner who waver in response to testimony when confronted by the spaces and scripts of white society. Although Douglass suggests that friendship may encourage whites, I find in the story's contents as well as its publication a heroic imagination in which black resistance is inevitable and natural, independent of white alliance, opposition, and judgment itself. This story was for Douglass another means of motivating whites, and for us illustrative of how racial justice demands not only evidence but imagination.
Excitation of Gould–Trivelpiece mode by streaming particles in dusty plasma
Authors: Kaur Daljeet , Sharma Suresh C. , Pandey R.S. , Gupta Ruby 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the excitation of Gould–Trivelpiece (TG) waves by streaming ions in dusty plasma and derive the dispersion relation of the excited waves using first-order perturbation theory. The motion of charged particles is controlled by electromagnetic fields in plasma. The energy transfer processes which occur in this collisionless plasma are believed to be based on wave–particle interactions. We have found that the TG waves may be generated in a streaming ion plasma via Cerenkov interaction, and the ions may be accelerated by TG waves via cyclotron interaction, which enable energy and momentum transfer. The variation in the growth rate of TG wave with dust grain size and relative density of negatively charged dust grains is also studied. The dust can cause an unstable TG mode to be stable in Doppler resonance, and can induce an instability in Cerenkov interaction.
Firms and parental justice: should firms contribute to the cost of parenthood and procreation?
Authors: Blanc Sandrine , Meijers Tim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article asks whether firms should contribute to the costs of procreation and parenthood. We explore two sets of arguments. First, we ask what the principle of fair play – central in parental justice debates – implies. We argue that if one defends a pro-sharing view, firms are required to shoulder part of the costs of procreation and parenthood. Second, we turn to the principle of fair equality of opportunity. We argue that compensating firms for costs they incur because their employees decide to procreate or parent may undermine some of the incentives leading to (statistical) discrimination in the workplace.
Pennsylvania’s Teachers and the Tenure Law of 1937
Authors: Toloudis Nicholas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:While the American teachers’ unions are commonly understood to be guarantors of public school teachers’ job security through their backing of teacher tenure laws, the relationship between tenure and teachers’ organizations is historically contingent. This article shows how in 1937 Pennsylvania teachers pushed their state legislature to pass what was at the time the most empowering teacher tenure law in existence. Using primary documents, the article examines how nonunionized teachers politicized tenure in the early 1930s, before the New Deal reshaped the political environment. Women activists from Philadelphia’s AFT Local 192 successfully lobbied the legislature in Harrisburg in 1937 to pass a far-reaching tenure law that not only guaranteed due-process rights for teachers, but did so without allowing for a probationary period and without exception for married women teachers. Pennsylvania’s teacher unionists fought against efforts to reform the law in the years that followed.
Functional MRI: Finally, a Textbook for All of Us
Authors: Rao Stephen M. 
Published: April 2019

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, by Scott A. Huettel,
Allen W. Song and Gregory McCarthy. 2004. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer
Associates, Inc. 492 pp., $79.95.Imaging the human brain at work was revolutionized by the discovery of
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the early 1990s. Prior to
this, functional brain mapping was limited to a handful of medical centers
capable of conducting positron emission tomography (PET) scans of regional
cerebral blood flow. With the discovery of the endogenous blood oxygen
level dependent (BOLD) contrast method in 1992, fMRI
“democratized” the field by expanding the number of medical
centers capable of functional brain imaging. Today, over a thousand
peer-reviewed fMRI articles are published each year, many in high profile
scientific journals that receive additional attention by the popular
press. This explosion of scientific research is relatively easy to
understand: fMRI can be conducted on the majority of the 6,600 MRI
scanners installed in the US alone, the technique is completely
noninvasive since it does not require injection of MRI contrast agents or
radiopharmaceuticals, and, as an added benefit, fMRI provides a unique
combination of high spatial and temporal resolution. Not surprisingly,
fMRI is the imaging technique of choice for mapping cognitive and
emotional systems in the healthy brain. More recently, fMRI has been
applied to clinical populations to identify the brain mechanisms governing
recovery of function from stroke and head trauma, detect early brain
changes in neurodegenerative conditions, and measure the effects of
psychoactive medications on neurodevelopmental disorders, as examples.
fMRI provides a complementary method for testing neuropsychological models
of brain function derived from other methods (lesion,
electrophysiology).
Expanding the Paradigm of Rehabilitation Sciences
Authors: Farmer Janet E. 
Published: April 2019

Cognitive and Behavioral Rehabilitation: From Neurobiology to
Clinical Practice. Jennie Ponsford (Ed.). 2004. New York: Guilford
Press. 366 pp., $50.00 (HB).The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 90 million
people, or 1.5% of the world population, are in need of rehabilitation
services at any given point in time (WHO, 2003).
Many of these individuals are at risk for long-term disability due to
brain injury and disease. They range from the young, who increasingly
survive early brain insults, to older adults, whose independence and every
day functioning may be threatened by the onset of neurologic impairments.
As medical advances improve survival rates and longevity, the number of
those in need of cognitive and behavioral rehabilitation services to
enhance functioning is likely to grow. This situation raises pressing
questions, such as, who will get better with what rehabilitation
treatment, and why?
Radiative Effects of Residential Sector Emissions in China: Sensitivity to Uncertainty in Black Carbon Emissions
Authors: Archer‐Nicholls S. , Lowe D. , Lacey F. , Kumar R. , Xiao Q. , Liu Y. , Carter E. , Baumgartner J. , Wiedinmyer C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResidential sector emissions of aerosols, primarily from solid fuels burned for cooking and heating purposes, are high in black carbon, a component that absorbs radiation efficiently across a wideband of wavelengths. Mitigation of residential sector emissions has been suggested as a method to rapidly reduce anthropogenic global warming. This study presents model results from a regional model with coupled chemistry, aerosols, and dynamics over an East Asian domain for January 2014 to investigate the radiative effects of residential sector emissions. Model results are evaluated against surface measurements of particulate matter and remote sensing products, comparing well but with a high aerosol optical depth bias over Sichuan and low single scattering albedo over many locations. We calculate effective radiative forcing of residential sector aerosols at the top of the atmosphere of +1.22 W/m2 over Eastern China, +1.04 W/m2 due to shortwave and +0.18 W/m2 due to longwave forcing. We decompose the shortwave forcing into component parts and find the direct radiative effect is the dominant component (+0.79 W/m2), with a smaller contribution from semidirect effects (+0.54 W/m2) partly countered by negative indirect effects (−0.29 W/m2). The effective radiative forcing varies from 0.20 to 1.97 W/m2 across a reasonable range of black carbon to total carbon emission ratios for the residential sector. Overall, this study shows that mitigation of the residential sector is likely a viable method to locally reduce short‐term atmospheric warming in China, but efforts are needed to reduce uncertainty in composition of residential sector emissions to be confident in this conclusion.
Comparison of Effective Radiative Forcing Calculations Using Multiple Methods, Drivers, and Models
Authors: Tang T. , Shindell D. , Faluvegi G. , Myhre G. , Olivié D. , Voulgarakis A. , Kasoar M. , Andrews T. , Boucher O. , Forster P.M. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Iversen T. , Kirkevåg A. , Lamarque J.‐F. , Richardson T. , Samset B.H. , Stjern C.W. , Takemura T. , Smith C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe compare six methods of estimating effective radiative forcing (ERF) using a set of atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models. This is the first multiforcing agent, multimodel evaluation of ERF values calculated using different methods. We demonstrate that previously reported apparent consistency between the ERF values derived from fixed sea surface temperature simulations and linear regression holds for most climate forcings, excluding black carbon (BC). When land adjustment is accounted for, however, the fixed sea surface temperature ERF values are generally 10–30% larger than ERFs derived using linear regression across all forcing agents, with a much larger (~70–100%) discrepancy for BC. Except for BC, this difference can be largely reduced by either using radiative kernel techniques or by exponential regression. Responses of clouds and their effects on shortwave radiation show the strongest variability in all experiments, limiting the application of regression‐based ERF in small forcing simulations.
Environmental and Geomorphological Changes on the Eastern North American Continental Shelf Across the Paleocene‐Eocene Boundary
Authors: Robinson Marci M. , Spivey Whittney E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractForaminiferal evidence from two sites in southern Maryland, eastern United States, reveals a series of rapid environmental changes on the continental shelf during the onset of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Benthic and planktic foraminifer assemblages from the South Dover Bridge and Mattawoman Creek‐Billingsley Road coreholes in the central Salisbury Embayment record changing latest Paleocene and earliest Eocene environmental conditions that began prior to the carbon isotope excursion that marks the beginning of the PETM. The foraminiferal response reflects increases in productivity in the bottom water, a minor dissolution event, and sea surface warming in the latest Paleocene. Relative sea level changes, a sudden change in sedimentary regime, and a decrease in bottom water oxygenation occurred in this region across the PETM onset. While South Dover Bridge assemblages support a rise in sea level across the PETM onset, Mattawoman Creek‐Billingsley Road assemblages record a reduction in water depth interpreted as delta progradation and possible tectonic activity. Transitional carbon isotope values are recorded in these delta sediments. We present an initial bathymetric reconstruction of the Salisbury Embayment showing the physical effects of the carbon isotope excursion onset on shelf morphology and highlight the importance of understanding coastal zone processes when examining shelf sediments.
Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Australian Power Networks Using Different Conductivity Models
Authors: Marshall R. A. , Wang L. , Paskos G. A. , Olivares‐Pulido G. , Van Der Walt T. , Ong C. , Mikkelsen D. , Hesse G. , McMahon B. , Van Wyk E. , Ivanovich G. , Spoor D. , Taylor C. , Yoshikawa A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSpace weather manifests in power networks as quasi‐DC currents flowing in and out of the power system through the grounded neutrals of high‐voltage transformers, referred to as geomagnetically induced currents. This paper presents a comparison of modeled geomagnetically induced currents, determined using geoelectric fields derived from four different impedance models employing different conductivity structures, with geomagnetically induced current measurements from within the power system of the eastern states of Australia. The four different impedance models are a uniform conductivity model (UC), one‐dimensional n‐layered conductivity models (NU and NW), and a three‐dimensional conductivity model of the Australian region (3DM) from which magnetotelluric impedance tensors are calculated. The modeled 3DM tensors show good agreement with measured magnetotelluric tensors obtained from recently released data from the Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project. The four different impedance models are applied to a network model for four geomagnetic storms of solar cycle 24 and compared with observations from up to eight different locations within the network. The models are assessed using several statistical performance parameters. For correlation values greater than 0.8 and amplitude scale factors less than 2, the 3DM model performs better than the simpler conductivity models. When considering the model performance parameter, P, the highest individual P value was for the 3DM model. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of the underlying geological structures and the power network electrical parameters.
Computational Modeling of Fine Sediment Relocation Within a Dam Reservoir by Means of Artificial Flood Generation in a Reservoir Cascade
Authors: Bladé Castellet E. , Sánchez‐Juny M. , Arbat Bofill M. , Dolz Ripollés J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSediment relocation is a process where water turbulence moves deposits from shallower to deeper zones of a lake or reservoir. Additionally, in the context of a reservoir cascade relocation is a one of the possible sediment management strategies used to maintain the operational capacity of reservoirs. Numerical modeling tools applied to sediment dynamics can help to better understand the reservoir sedimentary processes and enhance the design of management strategies. This paper describes the detailed analysis of the cohesive sediment dynamics within a reservoir and a methodology for the calibration of numerical models for the management of sediment deposits through dam operation and upstream generation of artificial floods. The calibration process was based on an accumulated sediment volume curve and the usage of simplified models for an initial parameter estimation. The calibrated model has been applied to analyze different possibilities of sediment relocation strategies.
A novel PTCH1 mutation in basal cell nevus syndrome with rare craniofacial features
Authors: Murata Yuka , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Ohata Yasuhisa , Aikawa Tomonao , Takahata Sosuke , Fujii Katsunori , Miyashita Toshiyuki , Morita Chisato , Inubushi Toshihiro , Kubota Takuo , Sakai Norio , Ozono Keiichi , Kogo Mikihiko , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBasal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is a rare, multisystem, autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by various phenotypes, including multiple basal cell carcinomas of the skin, odontogenic keratocysts of the jaws, and occasionally cleft lip and/or palate. In this report, we describe a 6-year-old Japanese girl with a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in PTCH1 who exhibited rare craniofacial phenotypes, such as oligodontia and a short-tooth root.
Gut microbiota dependent anti-tumor immunity restricts melanoma growth in Rnf5−/− mice
Authors: Li Yan , Tinoco Roberto , Elmén Lisa , Segota Igor , Xian Yibo , Fujita Yu , Sahu Avinash , Zarecki Raphy , Marie Kerrie , Feng Yongmei , Khateb Ali , Frederick Dennie T. , Ashkenazi Shiri K. , Kim Hyungsoo , Perez Eva Guijarro , Day Chi-Ping , Segura Muñoz Rafael S. , Schmaltz Robert , Yooseph Shibu , Tam Miguel A. , Zhang Tongwu , Avitan-Hersh Emily , Tzur Lihi , Roizman Shoshana , Boyango Ilanit , Bar-Sela Gil , Orian Amir , Kaufman Randal J. , Bosenberg Marcus , Goding Colin R. , Baaten Bas , Levesque Mitchell P. , Dummer Reinhard , Brown Kevin , Merlino Glenn , Ruppin Eytan , Flaherty Keith , Ramer-Tait Amanda , Long Tao , Peterson Scott N. , Bradley Linda M. , Ronai Ze’ev A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence points to an important role for the gut microbiome in anti-tumor immunity. Here, we show that altered intestinal microbiota contributes to anti-tumor immunity, limiting tumor expansion. Mice lacking the ubiquitin ligase RNF5 exhibit attenuated activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) components, which coincides with increased expression of inflammasome components, recruitment and activation of dendritic cells and reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides in intestinal epithelial cells. Reduced UPR expression is also seen in murine and human melanoma tumor specimens that responded to immune checkpoint therapy. Co-housing of Rnf5−/− and WT mice abolishes the anti-tumor immunity and tumor inhibition phenotype, whereas transfer of 11 bacterial strains, including B. rodentium, enriched in Rnf5−/− mice, establishes anti-tumor immunity and restricts melanoma growth in germ-free WT mice. Altered UPR signaling, exemplified in Rnf5−/− mice, coincides with altered gut microbiota composition and anti-tumor immunity to control melanoma growth.