bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Balance Sheet on Sixty Years of Soviet Foreign Policy—Part II
Authors: Clemens Walter C. 
Published: September 2018

Last month I described eleven “successes” of Soviet foreign policy since the October, 1917. Revolution. Now it is time to turn to Soviet ““failures” and to the underlying factors that have shaped Soviet policy in the past and that should be weighed by Western policymakers in the years ahead. Partially by coincidence and partially with un eye to symmetry, I again come up with the number eleven.These assessments of success and failure are based on my own research, stimulated and refined by a survey (both written and oral) that tapped the views of other Soviet specialists visiting the Kennan Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. The “balance sheet.“” of course, represents my own judgment. Readers will no doubt make their own distinctions, thus reducing or expanding the list; some may quarrel about whether a certain.event ought to be rated a failure or a “ success given Moscow's apparent objectives; but I think the following represents a fair account in accord with the facts as we know them.
An American in Israel
Authors: Callen Earl 
Published: September 2018

During the war in Vietnam our son-in-law refused to report for induction into the U.S. Army. Now he serves in the Israeli Army. In the next war he will carry an antitank gun outside a tank to protect it from enemy fire. Our son-in-law is brave, but not exceptionally so. He is just doing what Israelis do.For several years our children had lived at Hamra, a settlement in the occupied territories, east of Nablus overlooking Jordan. At Hamra they lived behind a floodlit, patrolled, barbed wire barricade. Each morning a convoy went out to work the fields behind an army minesweeper, to detonate antipersonnel mines planted during the night. We were therefore much relieved when our children moved to Alonei Abba, a settlement in the most peaceful and fertile part of Israel, the Jezreel Valley.
Solzhenitsyn—a Christian Perspective
Authors: Brose Olive J. 
Published: September 2018

When the multiple crises of an entire civilization have severely shaken men's confidence in its survival, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn questions the basic goals of that civilization and the direction in which it has been heading for some centuries. To do so is to challenge a much cherished cluster of beliefs about humans and their destiny that together make up, as he wrote inLetter to the Soviet Leaders (1974), "the entire culture and world outlook which were conceived at the time of the Renaissance and attained the peak of their expression with the eighteenth century Enlightenment."Solzhenitsyn speaks not from the depths of a chair of political science or sociology, but out of the depths of the Gulag Archipelago: "I belong as much to the camps as I do to Russian literature…. There is where I was formed, and for all time," he wrote in a letter to Tvardovsky.
Catholic Bishops and Human Rights in Latin America
Authors: Bono Agostino 
Published: September 2018

The church will have to inculcate in the armed forces that, besides their specific and normal functions, they have a mission to guarantee the political liberties of citizens instead of constructing obstacles. -Latin American Catholic Bishops Conference Medellin, Colombia, September, 1968While Juan Felix. Bogado was attending patients in his shantytown medical office outside Asuncion, Paraguay, last July 19, police broke in and hustled away the thirty-two-year-old doctor, claiming he was a subversive. As most Paraguayan political prisoners, Bogado was subjected to “intensive therapy,” the local euphemism for torture.“They tried to get him to confess he was a Communist and threatened to torture me before his eyes,” says his wife, who at the time was four months pregnant.
Beyond North and South: The Second Coming of the World Economy
Authors: Novak Jeremiah 
Published: September 2018

The world economy and international economic institutions are in trouble. That, at least, is the opinion in informed circles following the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC) held in Paris last spring. There is a growing realization that CIEC failed to grapple with the systemic problems the world economy faces, a failure that threatens developing and developed countries alike.Despite Secretary of State Cyrus Vance's dramatic call for a “new international economic system,” the Paris conference failed to address systemic issues. Instead, the developed nations of the North angled for a separation of the issues of energy from those of development; and the developing countries of the South closed ranks by linking the two. Consequently neither side truly debated the crushing problems of the world economy.
Energy. Investment. Hua.
Authors: Macrae Norman 
Published: September 2018

I am going to touch on three topics that bear heavily on the fortunes of Pacific countries: the so-called energy crisis, the economic prospects of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and neighboring countries, and the implications of Chairman Hua's presumed pragmatism. I find myself holding unusual views on all of them.Until 1973 I thought there might be a shortage of energy in the 1980's because energy was so obviously being temporarily underpriced. Since 1973 I have believed there is more likely to be a glut of energy in the 1980's because energy is being temporarily overpriced.The possibility that OPEC might be able to maintain its cartel has, admittedly and unhappily, been increased by President Carter's and Congress's energy policies. These policies seem to me (although I know many who disagree) to be a glum example of the way in which politicians’ misunderstandings now override economic logic and history's lessons.
Ngo Dinh Diem's Execution
Authors: Huy Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: September 2018

The United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence concluded that the CIA was not responsible for the deaths of President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam and his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu on November 2, 1963. This conclusion only reaffirms a point that too few Americans understood—Vietnam's destiny lies ultimately with its own people.Ngo Dinh Diem met his death at the hands of his fellow countrymen in a coup d'etat planned and executed by the Vietnamese Army to achieve political goals important to the Vietnamese people. The story of the coup against Diem has been told in English by Marguerite Higgins, David Halberstam, and Robert Shaplen.
Barth and Debunking
Authors: Berger Peter L. 
Published: September 2018

In commenting on the Hartford Appeal Gregory Baum made some very thoughtful observations on some of my own work. I shall limit myself here to replying to these observations, though, by implication, my reply touches on several points made by other commentators. I would also like to say that I am very grateful to Baum: Few things are as gratifying to an author as having a critic who understands him.Baum very ably puts his finger on two persisting tensions in my work—the tension between transcendence and humanism on the one hand, and the tension between a radically debunking perspective on society and a distrust of revolutionary ideologies on the other. These tensions, I believe, are not just personal idiosyncractes of mine, but rather are inherent in the phenomena at issue. The same tensions are to be found in the Hartford Appeal.
A Response From a Not-So-Young Sometime Christian Radical
Authors: Hoyt Robert G. 
Published: September 2018

There is an awkwardness here. Your "certain young Christian radical" isn't me. My radicalism is a sometime thing. As Christian, I'm often aberrant. And I'm not so young: I was twenty-nine when Israel came to be. Still, I suppose an open letter can be answered by anyone interested. I feel especially eligible because many of the things you say here have been said to me.On one level it seems that you and I have few grounds to quarrel. I know, for example, that anti-Semitism is real. Besides the classical Christian form and the modern racist version that you describe, I'll suggest a third—the corporate, petroleum-fueled variety.
You Shall Be As Gods
Authors: Powledge Tabitha M. 
Published: September 2018

Already the term "recombinant DNA" comes easily to the lips of legislators and television commentators. A few of them can even manage "deoxyribonucleic acid," which is what DNA stands for.DNA is the genetic material, the miraculous selfreplicatirig double helix of Watson and Crick, the marrow, soul, and substance of all earthly life. Molecular biologists have been tinkering with it for a couple of decades now, and only recently have they learned to slice it up and then stick it back together in new ways: hence recombinant DNA. Scientists have also discovered ways to transfer it from one living thing to another: to put genes from one kind of animal into a different kind, from bacteria into plants, or to put the newly spliced genes into just about any living cell.
A Canal Treaty out of the Dark Ages
Authors: Stiles Martha Bennett 
Published: September 2018

Seventy-three years ago the U.S. connived in the secession of the Republic of Panama from Colombia in return for the privilege of building a canal across the Panamanian Isthmus "on a strip of land leased in perpetuity." Within this 533-square-mile zone the U.S. was to exercise, forever, all those rights that it "would possess and exercise if it were the sovereign of the territory..." Today the significance of that "if" is much debated.Although Ronald Reagan's campaign position—that the Panama Canal Zone is as much a part of the U.S. as is Alaska—has been deplored by the Ford Administration, it maintains strong support in the Senate.
American Civil Religion—and Others
Authors: Bonkovsky Frederick O. 
Published: September 2018

A happy result of the Bicentennial can be increased self-knowledge. The danger, however, is that one may focus too exclusively on the United States, thus magnifying out of proportion both our virtues and our faults.Such distortion is evident in the current discussion of American civil religion. The turmoil of the late sixties and the self-examination of the seventies have encouraged consideration of the civil beliefs and practices widely shared by Americans. Robert Bellah, Will Herberg, Martin Marty, and Sidney Mead are among those who have recently written on the subject. Too often learned commentators have failed to note that American civil religion is an expression of general social patterns. It is therefore useful to take a look at non-American civil religions in several traditional and revolutionary societies.
Tanzania's Noble Experiment Imperiled
Authors: Gruhn Isebill V. 
Published: September 2018

The painful realization that much is not right with Tanzania is the cause of growing despair both inside and outside that East African country. Tanzania has been the favorite of Social Democrats, Marxists, the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization, Scandinavian governments, and of a host of Africa observers.Other African states, classified along with Tanzania in the so-called Fourth World of the poorest of the poor countries, have not rated the attention lavished on Tanzania. Indeed, who but the specialist knows the precise geographic location, economic and political orientation of, for examples, Upper Volta, Niger, or Chad? Who can name the leaders of these deprived lands? And who, even within the United Nations or bilateral-aid agencies, feels special affinity with their problems?Tanzania, on the other hand, has captured the energies, optimism, and increasing anxiety of observers around the world.
The Third World vs.“Superpower”
Authors: Edmund Clubb O. 
Published: September 2018

Speaking before the U.N. General Assembly in September, 1973, Chancellor Willy Brandt said: “Where hunger prevails, there can be no peace in the long run. Where bitter poverty prevails, there can be no justice.” He called upon the Assembly members to adopt a position on the moral aspects of international coexistence. And he said something else, that there is a limit to the expansion of power—“a limit where power becomes transformed into impotence.”His words had direct relevance to the relationship between the United States and the Third World. In the postwar period, in pursuit of its power aims, the United States concerned itself with ex-colonial countries primarily with the view of “saving” them, as political entities, from a dreaded “Communist conquest.”
Jews, Israel, and the Third World
Authors: Rubin Barry 
Published: September 2018

The overwhelming vote against Israel by Third World nations in the U.N. has raised some interesting and important questions about die attitude toward Jews in those countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, whose populations, after all, represent the majority of the human race.Puzzlement over this issue was expressed by Saul Bellow at the December P.E.N, international writers' conference in Israel. “It is a remarkable thing,” said Bellow, “dial nations which have no knowledge of, or contact with, Jews, no history of anything to do with Jews, should become consistently hostile. Why should the new nations of Africa and Asia turn against us? Can it be put down to the influence of the.'Arabs?”
Menachem Begin: The Reality
Authors: Avnery Uri 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe story goes that when Jimmy Carter heard that a man named Menachem Begin had won the Israeli elections, he asked: “Menachem who?” Menachem Begin did not come out of nowhere. He directed one of the most stormy chapters of twentieth-, century history: the Jewish underground Irgun's war against British rule in Palestine in the 1940's. Afterwards he was for twenty-six years Israel's most prominent opposition leader and, for three years following the 1967 Six-Day War, a minister in the National Unity government. However, when the stunned world heard the news that Menachem Begin was about to become prime minister of Israel—a critical country in a critical region at a critical time—its governments and media had no idea who this man was. The frightened cry, “God Almighty, who is Begin?” echoed in a hundred languages in editorial offices, in foreign ministries, offices of heads of government, and intelligence headquarters.
Peace and a Palestinian State
Authors: Hyman Gerald F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBelieve me,” President Sadat understated recently, “we are in an era of wonders.” Despite all the hopeful allusions to pensive deserts, moody mirages, monumental pyramids, and lifesustaining rivers, it is still hard to express the sheer audacity of President Sadat's pilgrimage to Jerusalem— not primarily a pilgrimage to Al Aksa for Greater Bairam, but one to the Knesset for peace. We will not likely in our lifetime see again an event so Tolstoian; a single man, a single act of will, and a history that, with the unlikely exception of an assassination followed by a complete and immediate reversal, can never be quite the same again.
Martin Luther King's Protesting Pastors
Authors: Teel Charles 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMartin Luther King, Jr., led many of us to recognize that pilgrimages of the mind can take place in turmoil as well as in tranquility. My own journey to understanding the connection between the transcendent and social change was facilitated by King's call to “the Movement.” That journey was shared by countless other churchmen of the 1960's. I have engaged in extended conversations with hundreds of Christian clergy who responded to King's call and were arrested for their nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. Structured interviews took place in settings as varied as a Selma parsonage, an Atlanta jail cell, a Midwestern farmhouse, a penthouse suite atop the National Council of Churches building in New York City, and a sharecropper's cabin in Philadelphia, Mississippi. What follows is an abridged “profile” of these men of the cloth. The profile sharply challenges some common stereotypes.
The Growing Strength of Vietnam
Authors: Strong Maurice 
Published: September 2018

AbstractJust as American entry into the Vietnam war delayed but did not fundamentally affect its outcome, American withdrawal from Vietnam changed the tactical but not the fundamental environment in which Vietnam's role in Southeast Asia must be seen. Toward its three immediate neighbors, Vietnam remains a rival, distrusted and disliked. Its position of power in the peninsula, which has been growing over the last four hundred years, continues to grow at the expense of neighbors who resist as best they can.Vietnam's actions have always been constrained by the overall domination of the area by China. Vietnam's desire has been and remains primarily to protect its own independence vis-a-vis China while maintaining the necessary friendly relations, given the reality of China's dominant power in the region. This explains Vietnam's counterbalance of Chinese influence by drawing on Soviet support and, now that the French and American wars are over, attempting to draw on support from any Western nations willing to respond.
Reflections on Anti-Americanism in Our Times
Authors: Hollander Paul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAmericans and others find that they cannot “love it or leave it“In the course of the last quarter century or so the United States has become a nearly universal scapegoat symbol. The United States has been denounced and blamed in countless speeches and editorials, on posters, in.radio broadcasts, and over television, as well as in private conversations, for the ills of the world, for the problems of particular societies, and even for the myriad unhappiness of individuals. No country has had more hostile demonstrations in front of its embassies around the world, or more of its libraries and cultural missions abroad ransacked, or more of its policies routinely denounced in the United Nations and other international organizations. More American flags have been burned, in and outside the United States, than the flags of any other country.
Cambodia—Auschwitz of Asia
Authors: Cherne Leo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt appears to have taken six years to kill nine million human beings in Nazi Germany and in the countries it occupied. It appears to have taken one day to inflict catastrophic disaster on more than three million Cambodians.“With these words Freedom House three years ago filed an appeal with the U.N. Commission on Human Rights for an inquiry into events in Cambodia. The U.N. High Commission for Human Rights took three months to respond to that appeal—negatively. During these three years, a few books and articles have focused our attention on Cambodia, but governments have, for the most part, remained silent. In July, 1977, the House International Relations Subcommittee initiated a congressional inquiry into the events in Cambodia, and Richard Holbrooke, assistant secretary of state for East Asian affairs, eloquently denounced what was taking place in what is now called Democratic Kampuchea.
Human Rights Minus Liberty?
Authors: Liskofsky Sidney 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInternational agreements, of the United Nations as well as of the West European and Inter-American regional organizations, affirm commitments to such personal liberties as freedom of thought and religion, of opinion and expression, of assembly and association, and of emigration. But these liberties, until recently considered central to the concept of human rights, are under increasing threat within the U.N. system.In 1948 the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, followed in 1966 by the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Both focused on these values. Forty-eight nations have ratified the Covenant, including nearly all the Communist and some radical leftist Third World states—but not, paradoxically, the U.S., even though this, more than any other U.N. convention, reflects the Western civil liberties tradition.
Gandhi, Bhutto and Bandaranaike: Running Hard, but…
Authors: Wriggins W. Howard 
Published: September 2018

So you think America had a troubled winter? Striking truckers, gasoline shortages and long lines at the pumps, food prices up 30 per cent and a President in deeper trouble than any President since Andrew Johnson and Herbert Hoover.But suppose your constitution was only a year and a half old and your political system seemed to depend mainly on the art of one adroit and very energetic man. Or that the political coalition which alone could provide some inclusive national direction was eroding, leaving only splintered, regional parties as a plausible alternative. Or that economic resources were becoming so scarce that wherever policy-makers turned they found a nearly empty barrel.
The Philippine Archipelago
Authors: Manglapus Raul S. 
Published: September 2018

“Hurry! Hurry! Hurry!” said the sideshow barker to iiis customers. “Hurry! Hurry! Hurry!” said the economist to the developing countries. If you don't hurry there will be disaster, echoed the President of the World Bank. Only military governments are capable of stability and order, observed the Rockefeller Report on Latin America.You must move forward. Democracy is too slow. Human rights can wait.It was a stirring message, and it reached the executive mansions of Southeast Asia. In the nineteen fifties and sixties, whenever the head of a government there tired of coping with legal opposition, began to fear the people, and decided to run things permanently on his own he engaged in the amusing practice of issuing a proclamation blaming all his country's ills on “Western-style democracy”—and immediately instituted Western-style repression. He imprisoned the opposition, muzzled the press, and silenced the population by putting the fear of predawn raids in their hearts, devices all so terribly Western and so terribly effective.
Foreign vs. Local Ownership
Authors: Behrman Jack N. 
Published: September 2018

The ownership of affiliates of international companies has become a critical issue in many host countries. Inevitably, the issue of ownership has become a serious matter for the parent companies. In the discussion that has developed, things are not always what they seem, or what is presumed to be the case. Reality diverges from several unexamined presumptions.That host countries take the question of ownership very seriously is evident from the increasing requirements that foreign shareholdings be sold to locals or to the government itself, from the regulations preventing new acquisitions of existing companies (thereby reducing the shifts in ownership to foreigners), and from the moves toward bringing labor into ownership. This last item is represented by the comtnunidad industrial of Peru, which progressively hands over1 to labor larger percentages of the shares, and by those in Europe who advocate that labor take over ownership and control of some companies or industries.
A Time to Think
Authors: Harrington Michael 
Published: September 2018

Tie American Left helped win some extraordinary battles during the 1960's and early 1970's. All it lost was the war.Its two most important achievements during that period are obvious enough. The Left made a significant contribution, in militancy as well as theory, to a civil rights movement which swept away the juridical system of Jim Crow (even though the economic infrastructure of racism was left pretty much intact). And it provided activists and ideas to the teach-ins, the marches, and the political campaigns of 1968 and 1972 which turned American opinion around on the issue of Vietnam. There were other victories: for example, the destruction of the doctrine of in loco parentis on the American campus; the delegitimatizating of the House Un-American Activities Committee; participation in a woman's movement which is still demonstrating great vitality and potential; the opening up of the Democratic Party to entire new constituencies.