bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and mechanical property of high growth rate SiC via continuous hot‐wire CVD
Authors: Liu Shuai , Yang Yanqing , Luo Xian , Huang Bin , Jin Na , Kou Zongde 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn average growth rate of SiC at 3.4‐28.5 μm/min can be achieved via continuous hot‐wire CVD method with input powers of 300‐380 W. Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) method, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to investigate the microstructure of deposits. At 300 W, amorphous SiC and Si were main products in deposit, which were rapidly replaced by crystallite SiC containing high density stacking faults at 340 W and above. Moreover, with the grain size of SiC increasing from ~25 to ~420 nm, the stacking faults probability decreasing from 0.179 to 0.125, as well as the surface morphology changed from loose‐packed granules to a well‐defined faceted structure with strong (111) texture. Structural changes led to the increase of deposit's Young's modulus from 266.3 to 341.5 GPa, and the mean tensile strength of SiC filament from 1.57 to 3.03 GPa. The successive growth of W/SiC interfacial layer above 360 W resulted in the reduction in mean tensile strength and Weibull moduls of SiC monofilaments, which agrees with the prediction from critical interfacial layer thickness theory.
Y4.67Si3O13‐based phosphors: Structure, morphology and upconversion luminescence for optical thermometry
Authors: Zhang Jia , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHow to improve the sensitivity of the temperature‐sensing luminescent materials is one of the most important objects currently. In this work, to obtain high sensitivity and learn the corresponding mechanism, the rare earth (RE) ions doped Y4.67Si3O13 (YS) phosphors were developed by solid‐state reaction. The phase purity, structure, morphology and luminescence characteristics were evaluated by XRD, TEM, emission spectra, etc. The change of the optical bandgaps between the host and RE‐doped phosphors was found, agreeing with the calculation results based on density‐functional theory. The temperature‐dependence of the upconversion (UC) luminescence revealed that a linear relationship exists between the fluorescence intensity ratio of Ho3+ and temperature. The theoretical resolution was evaluated. High absolute (0.083 K−1) and relative (3.53% K−1 at 293 K) sensitivities have been gained in the YS:1%Ho3+, 10%Yb3+. The effect of the Yb3+ doping concentration and pump power on the sensitivities was discussed. The pump‐power–dependence of the UC luminescence indicated the main mechanism for high sensitivities in the YS:1%Ho3+, 10%Yb3+. Moreover, the decay‐lifetime based temperature sensing was also evaluated. The above results imply that the present phosphors could be promising candidates for temperature sensors, and the proposed strategies are instructive in exploring other new temperature sensing luminescent materials.
Thermodynamic assessment of the hollandite high‐level radioactive waste form
Authors: Utlak Stephen A. , Besmann Theodore M. , Brinkman Kyle S. , Amoroso Jake W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHollandite has been studied as a candidate ceramic waste form for the disposal of high‐level radioactive waste due to its inherent leach resistance and ability to immobilize alkaline‐earth metals such as Cs and Ba at defined lattice sites in the crystallographic structure. The chemical and structural complexity of hollandite‐type phases developed for high‐level waste immobilization limits the systematic experimental research that is required to understand phase development due to the large number of potential additives and compositional ranges that must be evaluated. Modeling the equilibrium behavior of the complex hollandite‐forming oxide waste system would aid in the design and processing of hollandite waste forms by predicting their thermodynamic stability. Thus, a BaO–Cs2O–TiO2–Cr2O3–Al2O3–Fe2O3–FeO–Ga2O3 thermodynamic database was developed in this work according to the CALPHAD methodology. The compound energy formalism was used to model solid solution phases such as hollandite while the two‐sublattice partially ionic liquid model characterized the oxide melt. Results of model optimizations are presented and discussed including a 1473 K isothermal BaO–Cs2O–TiO2 pseudo‐ternary diagram that extrapolates phase equilibrium behavior to regions not experimentally explored.
A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of laughter and humour interventions on depression, anxiety and sleep quality in adults
Authors: Zhao Jinping , Yin Huiru , Zhang Guangwei , Li Guichen , Shang Binghan , Wang Chunyan , Chen Li 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo quantify the effect of laughter and humour interventions on depression, anxiety, and sleep quality in adults.DesignA meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception up to December 2018.Review methodsThe reporting of this meta‐analytical review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Two reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias (Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool) of the included papers independently.ResultsTen studies comprising 814 participants were included. Meta‐analysis showed that these interventions significantly decreased adults' depression, anxiety, and improved their sleep quality. The results of subgroup analysis showed that depression benefits more from long‐term laughter intervention.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis revealed that laughter and humour interventions are effective in relieving depression, anxiety, and improve sleep quality in adults. More studies with high quality and follow‐up assessment should be conducted for future research.ImpactThis review synthesized current evidence using laughter and humour interventions to reduce negative emotion and promote better results in adults, especially with respect to target the applicability between different populations or intervention methods. In addition, humour and laughter interventions are safe, convenient, interesting and can promote interpersonal relationship in both patients and medical workers, which have great feasibility and potential to be used as an aspect of psychotherapy for clinical and nursing to improve well‐beings in adults.
Alpha modulation during working memory encoding predicts neurocognitive impairment in ADHD
Authors: Lenartowicz Agatha , Truong Holly , Salgari Giulia C. , Bilder Robert M. , McGough James , McCracken James T. , Loo Sandra K. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with working memory (WM) deficits. However, WM is a multiprocess construct that can be impaired through several pathways, leaving the source of WM impairments in ADHD unresolved. In this study, we aim to replicate, in an independent sample, previously reported deficits in component processes of WM deficits in ADHD and expand to consider their implications for neurocognitive outcomes.MethodsIn 119 children (7–14 years old, 85 with ADHD), we used electroencephalography measures to quantify component processes during performance of a spatial working memory task. We quantified stimulus encoding using alpha range (8–12 Hz) power; vigilance by the P2 event‐related potential to cues; and WMmaintenance by occipital‐alpha and frontal‐theta (4–7 Hz) power. These measures were evaluated against metrics of executive function, ADHD symptoms, and academic achievement.ResultsEncoding alpha‐power decreases and cue P2 amplitude were attenuated in ADHD, whereas occipital‐alpha power during maintenance was significantly greater in ADHD, consistent with a compensatory response to weak encoding. Weak alpha modulation during encoding was associated with poorer reading comprehension and executive function, as well as enhanced ADHD symptoms. Previously reported effects in frontal‐theta power failed to replicate.ConclusionsStimulus encoding, a component process of WM coupled to alpha modulation, is impaired in ADHD, and, unlike WM maintenance or vigilance processes, has implications outside of the laboratory via a relationship with executive function, and, to a weaker extent, reading comprehension.
Putting Goal‐Oriented Patient Care Into Practice
Authors: Reuben David B. , Jennings Lee A. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTNew efforts have begun to transform healthcare to focus on patient‐centered care. Such efforts will be facilitated by eliciting, operationalizing, and measuring the attainment of patient‐identified goals of healthcare. This article describes a practical approach to goal setting and measurement that can be used in efforts to implement patient‐centered care.
Altered haemodynamics causes aberrations in the epicardium
Authors: Perdios Chrysostomos , Parnall Matthew , Pang Kar Lai , Loughna Siobhan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring embryo development, the heart is the first functioning organ. Although quiescent in the adult, the epicardium is essential during development to form a normal four‐chambered heart. Epicardial‐derived cells contribute to the heart as it develops with fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Previous studies have shown that a heartbeat is required for epicardium formation, but no study to our knowledge has shown the effects of haemodynamic changes on the epicardium. Since the aetiologies of many congenital heart defects are unknown, we suggest that an alteration in the heart's haemodynamics might provide an explanatory basis for some of them. To change the heart's haemodynamics, outflow tract (OFT) banding using a double overhang knot was performed on HH21 chick embryos, with harvesting at different developmental stages. The epicardium of the heart was phenotypically and functionally characterised using a range of techniques. Upon alteration of haemodynamics, the epicardium exhibited abnormal morphology at HH29, even though migration of epicardial cells along the surface of the heart was found to be normal between HH24 and HH28. The abnormal epicardial phenotype was exacerbated at HH35 with severe changes in the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). A number of genes tied to ECM production were also differentially expressed in HH29 OFT‐banded hearts, including DDR2 and collagen XII. At HH35, the differential expression of these genes was even greater with additional downregulation of collagen I and TCF21. In this study, the epicardium was found to be severely impacted by altered haemodynamics upon OFT banding. The increased volume of the epicardium at HH29, upon OFT‐banding, and the expression changes of ECM markers were the first indicative signs of aberrations in epicardial architecture; by HH35, the phenotype had progressed. The decrease in epicardial thickness at HH35 suggests an increase in tension, with a force acting perpendicular to the surface of the epicardium. Although the developing epicardium and the blood flowing through the heart are separated by the endocardium and myocardium, the data presented here demonstrate that altering the blood flow affects the structure and molecular expression of the epicardial layer. Due to the intrinsic role the epicardium in cardiogenesis, defects in epicardial formation could have a role in the formation of a wide range of congenital heart defects.
Is Self‐Compassion Selfish? The Development of Self‐Compassion, Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence
Authors: Marshall Sarah L. , Ciarrochi Joseph , Parker Philip D. , Sahdra Baljinder K. 
Published: March 2019

Both self‐compassion and empathy have been theorized to promote prosociality in youth, but there is little longitudinal data examining this possibility. We assessed self‐compassion, empathy, and peer‐rated prosociality yearly, in a cohort of 2,078 youth across 17 schools (M age at T1 = 14.65 years; 49.2% female), as they progressed from Grade 9–12. We utilized multi‐level modeling to predict prosocial behavior, nested within students, classes, and schools. We found that self‐compassion and empathy uniquely predicted peer‐rated prosocial behavior. However, only empathy predicted increases in prosocial behavior across time. While self‐compassion is not selfish, it does not appear to facilitate the development of kindness toward adolescent peers. Self‐compassion may help to buffer against possible negative effects of empathic distress.
Molecular dialogue between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana switches from initial detection to antagonism
Authors: Fernández Iván , Cosme Marco , Stringlis Ioannis A. , Yu Ke , de Jonge Ronnie , van Wees SaskiaC.M. , Pozo Maria J. , Pieterse Corné M. J. , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Approximately 29% of all vascular plant species are unable to establish an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Despite this, AM fungi (Rhizophagus spp.) are enriched in the root microbiome of the nonhost Arabidopsis thaliana, and Arabidopsis roots become colonized when AM networks nurtured by host plants are available.

Here, we investigated the nonhost–AM fungus interaction by analyzing transcriptional changes in Rhizophagus, Arabidopsis and the host plant Medicago truncatula while growing in the same mycorrhizal network.

In early interaction stages, Rhizophagus activated the Arabidopsis strigolactone biosynthesis genes CCD7 and CCD8, suggesting that detection of AM fungi is not completely impaired. However, in colonized Arabidopsis roots, fungal nutrient transporter genes GintPT, GintAMT2, GintMST2 and GintMST4, essential for AM symbiosis, were not activated. RNA‐seq transcriptome analysis pointed to activation of costly defenses in colonized Arabidopsis roots. Moreover, Rhizophagus colonization caused a 50% reduction in shoot biomass, but also led to enhanced systemic immunity against Botrytis cinerea.

This suggests that early signaling between AM fungi and Arabidopsis is not completely impaired and that incompatibility appears at later interaction stages. Moreover, Rhizophagus‐mediated defenses coincide with reduced Arabidopsis growth, but also with systemic disease resistance, highlighting the multifunctional role of AM fungi in host and nonhost interactions.
Evolutionary epidemiology predicts the emergence of glyphosate resistance in a major agricultural weed
Authors: Comont David , Hicks Helen , Crook Laura , Hull Richard , Cocciantelli Elise , Hadfield Jarrod , Childs Dylan , Freckleton Robert , Neve Paul 
Published: March 2019

Summary

The evolution of resistance to herbicides is a striking example of rapid, human‐directed adaptation with major consequences for food production. Most studies of herbicide resistance are performed reactively and focus on post hoc determination of resistance mechanisms following the evolution of field resistance. If the evolution of resistance can be anticipated, however, pro‐active management to slow or prevent resistance traits evolving can be advocated.

We report a national‐scale study that combines population monitoring, glyphosate sensitivity assays, quantitative genetics and epidemiological analyses to pro‐actively identify the prerequisites for adaptive evolution (directional selection and heritable genetic variation) to the world's most widely used herbicide (glyphosate) in a major, economically damaging weed species, Alopecurus myosuroides.

Results highlighted pronounced, heritable variability in glyphosate sensitivity amongst UK A. myosuroides populations. We demonstrated a direct epidemiological link between historical glyphosate selection and current population‐level sensitivity, and show that current field populations respond to further glyphosate selection.

This study provides a novel, pro‐active assessment of adaptive potential for herbicide resistance, and provides compelling evidence of directional selection for glyphosate insensitivity in advance of reports of field resistance. The epidemiological approach developed can provide a basis for further pro‐active study of resistance evolution across pesticide resistance disciplines.
Comparison of electrogram waveforms between a multielectrode mapping catheter and a linear ablation catheter
Authors: Masuda Masaharu , Asai Mitsutoshi , Iida Osamu , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Nanto Kiyonori , Kanda Takashi , Tsujimura Takuya , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Okuno Shota , Tsuji Aki , Mano Toshiaki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSmaller low‐voltage areas (LVAs) obtained by multielectrode catheters were reported than those by linear ablation catheters. However, the underlying electrogram difference has not been elucidated. This study aimed to compare the two mapping catheters’ measurements of electrogram waveforms and LVAs.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 17 consecutive patients undergoing ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Following pulmonary vein isolation, voltage mapping during sinus rhythm was performed once using the ablation catheter, and once using the multielectrode catheter. Approximately 20 pairs of mapping points at approximately the same position between the two voltage maps were manually selected evenly throughout the left atrium.ResultsVoltage mapping with the multielectrode catheter demonstrated smaller LVAs, defined as <0.50 mV (5.9 [3.3, 11.0] vs 9.7 [6.6, 16.9] cm2) than those mapped with the ablation catheter. The two mapping catheters’ voltage amplitudes of all pairs of mapping points correlated well (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001) overall, but they did not correlate within diseased areas (either voltage <0.50 mV). The voltage amplitude difference between the two catheters ([VolMulti − VolAbl]/VolAbl × 100) was greater in the diseased areas (37.4% [−9.8%, 147%]) than in the healthy areas (both voltages ≥0.50 mV, 26.2% [−13.0%, 92.8%], P = 0.014). The electrogram waveform of the multiple electrode catheter displayed a higher voltage amplitude, shorter duration, greater number of peaks, and lower dull peak ratio (number of dull peaks/total peaks) than that of the ablation catheter.ConclusionThe multielectrode catheter produced smaller LVA measurements with sharper and higher voltage electrograms compared to the ablation catheter, specifically in diseased areas.
From Paper to Digitalized Body Map: A Reliability Study of the Pain Area
Authors: Caseiro Marília , Woznowski‐Vu Arthur , De Oliveira Anamaria S. , Reis Felipe J. J. , Wideman Timothy H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundComputerized methods to analyze pain drawings (PDs) have been developed and may aid to measure the pain area more precisely.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to verify whether examiners can reproduce the patient's PDs with acceptable reliability.MethodsThis was an intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability study. The protocol consisted of 4 steps: (1) scanning of paper PDs; (2) sharing the digitalized PD images between examiners; (3) reproducing the PD images in the sketching application; and (4) calculating the pain area in pixels and percentages. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; 2,1), the standard error of the measurement (SEM), and the smallest detectable difference (SDD).ResultsReliability was tested using 31 PDs from 17 patients in our database (11 female [64.7%], mean age: 53.23 ± 11.57 years). Intra‐rater reliability varied from ICC (2,1) = 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.982 to 0.996; SEM = 3,432.45; SDD = 162.39 pixels; P < 0.001) to ICC (2,1) = 0.992 (95% CI = 0.978 to 0.997; SEM = 3,412.96; SDD = 161.93 pixels; P < 0.001). Inter‐rater reliability for the measurement between all examiners was considered excellent (ICC [2,1] = 0.976; 95% CI = 0.956 to 0.987; SEM =8,580.75; SDD = 256.76 pixels; P < 0.001), being higher between Examiners A and C (ICC [2,1] = 0.970; 95% CI = 0.936 to 0.986; SEM = 6,453.34; SDD = 222.67 pixels; P < 0.001).ConclusionOur results show that intra‐ and inter‐rater reliabilities were excellent when an examiner reproduced the paper PDs into digitalized PDs. This process gives clinicians and researchers the opportunity to analyze pain extent more precisely using a computerized method.
Topical corticosteroid phobia among caretakers of children with atopic dermatitis: A cross‐sectional study using TOPICOP in Japan
Authors: Saito‐Abe Mayako , Futamura Masaki , Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Yang Limin , Suzuki Kohta , Ohya Yukihiro 
Published: March 2019

Background/ObjectivesThe TOPICOP scale is an easy‐to‐use scale for assessing topical corticosteroid (TCS) phobia in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and their caretakers. TCS phobia is a common problem among AD patients and their caretakers. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between TCS phobia in caretakers of children with AD and the characteristics of patients using the TOPICOP scale.MethodsCaretakers of AD patients who visited the allergy clinic at the National Center for Child Health and Development in Tokyo between February 2014 and May 2014 were recruited. Caretakers of patients in follow‐up had already attended an education session on treatment at the institution. All participants completed an anonymous questionnaire on the characteristics of the respondents and patients using the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) and the Japanese version of TOPICOP.ResultsIn total, 243 participants (88.9% female) completed the survey. The average TOPICOP score was 40.3 and the median POEM score was 4. The TOPICOP score was significantly higher for patients younger than 12 months old with moderate to very severe AD (POEM ≥ 8) whose caretaker had not attended an educational session (P < 0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference in the family history of AD, age, or gender of the respondents. In multivariable analysis, preattendance at an education session was the only significant factor accounting for a higher TOPICOP score (P < 0.001).ConclusionsRegardless of their background, caretakers of AD patients can be affected from TCS phobia. Attending an educational session might ease their anxiety.
Influence of blood storage age on immune and coagulation parameters in critically ill transfused patients
Authors: Norris Philip J. , Schechtman Ken , Inglis Heather C. , Adelman Avril , Heitman John W. , Vilardi Ryan , Shah Avani , Roubinian Nareg H. , Danesh Ali , Guiltinan Anne M. , Keating Sheila M. , Lacroix Jacques , Cohen Mitchell J. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDSeveral retrospective studies have suggested that transfusion with red blood cells (RBCs) stored for longer periods is associated with increased mortality. The Age of Blood Evaluation (ABLE) study randomized subjects to receive fresh vs. standard issue RBC units and showed no difference in the primary or secondary endpoints of mortality or change in multi‐organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score.METHODSIn this study a subset of 100 ABLE subjects were enrolled to measure coagulation and immune parameters. Samples were collected pre‐transfusion and on days 2, 6, 28, and 180 post‐transfusion. Levels of 16 coagulation parameters, regulatory and functional T cells, 25 cytokines, and 16 markers of extracellular vesicles (EVs) were determined.RESULTSChanges from baseline in levels of protein C, factor V, and EVs expressing phosphatidyl serine and CTLA‐4 (CD152) differed between recipients of fresh and standard storage age RBC units, with the vast majority of coagulation and EV markers and all cytokines tested showing no difference between study arms. Although most analytes showed no difference between subjects in the fresh and standard arms of the study, 6 coagulation parameters, 15 cytokines, and 7 EV parameters changed significantly in the period post‐transfusion.DISCUSSIONTransfusion of fresh vs. standard issue RBC units does not result in substantial changes in coagulation or immune parameters, up to day 35 of RBC storage. Furthermore, significant changes in multiple coagulation and immune parameters are detectable post‐transfusion, though causality cannot be determined based on the current study.