bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Help! Help! War wants to rape me!’: War and Rape in a Dutch Peace Play of 1678
Authors: De Bruyn Yannice 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhy was rape such a popular metaphor for war in early modern Dutch theatrical and visual culture? To address this question, this article considers a range of theatrical and visual representations of rape. When serving as a representation of state, the female body was often used to represent abstract processes such as the accumulation of wealth or inimical intrusion. These seemingly opposing processes are conjoined in a late seventeenth‐century Dutch allegorical play that not only features rape as a metaphor for war but also extends this metaphor to raise questions about national integrity and the deleterious effects of wealth accumulation.
Clinical features and potential relevant factors of renal involvement in primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Luo Jing , Xu Shihao , Lv Yinqiu , Huang Xinshi , Zhang Huxiang , Zhu Xiaochun , Wang Xiaobing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate distinct features of renal involvement in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and to identify potential factors associated with renal involvement.MethodsFour hundred and thrity‐four pSS patients from the Rheumatology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2017 were included in a cross‐sectional study. Patients with renal involvement were compared with their age‐ and gender‐matched controls (pSS without renal involvement). Demographic, clinical, histological, nephritic, immunological features of renal involvement in pSS were systematically analyzed. Possible factors related to renal involvement were identified using multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐two pSS patients (88.48%) with renal involvement were women with mean age of nearly 58 years and mean disease duration of above 4 years. Clinical manifestation, serologic and immunological features and renal biopsy class of the pSS patients with renal involvement were presented. By multivariate analyses, xerophthalmia, histological positivity for lower salivary gland biopsy (LSGB), anti‐SSA/Ro52‐positive, reduced complement 3 (C3) levels, hypoalbuminemia and anemia retained significant association with renal involvement in pSS (all P < 0.05).ConclusionIn addition to LSGB pattern, anti‐SSA/Ro52‐positivity, reduced C3 levels, hypoalbuminemia and anemia, also indicate significant association with renal involvement in pSS. Therefore, early vigilance is required for patients with these clinical manifestations.
Cadmium and arsenic responses in the ectomycorrhizal fungusLaccaria bicolor: glutathione metabolism and its role in metal(loid) homeostasis
Authors: Khullar Shikha , Sudhakara Reddy M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryEctomycorrhizal fungi play an important role in protecting their host plant from metal(loid) stresses by synthesizing various thiol rich compounds like metallothioneins and glutathione. We investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) stress with a specific interest on glutathione (GSH) in the ectomycorrhizal fungusLaccaria bicolor. The total GSH levels inside the cell were significantly increased with increase in external metal(loid) stress. An analysis of the transcript levels of genes responsible for GSH synthesis, γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase(Lbγ‐GCS)and glutathione synthetase(LbGS), using qPCR revealed that expression of both genes increased as a function of external metal(loid) concentration. The enzyme activity of bothLbγ‐GCSandLbGSwere increased with increase in external Cd and As concentration. Further, the functional role ofLbγ‐GCSandLbGSgenes in response to Cd and As stress was studied using their respective yeast mutant strainsgsh1Δandgsh2Δ. The mutant strains successfully expressed the two genes resulting in wild‐type phenotype restoration of Cd and As tolerance. From these results, it was concluded that GSH act as a core component in the mycorrhizal defence system under Cd and As stress for metal(loid) homeostasis and detoxification.
Mandibular first premolar apical morphology: A stereomicroscopic study
Authors: Awawdeh Lama , Abu Fadaleh Mousa , Al‐Qudah Aladdin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the size, shape and position of the physiological foramen and the relationship between the age and gender to the location and size of the apical foramen of mandibular first premolars. One hundred and one extracted human mandibular first premolar teeth were examined; age and gender of the patients were recorded. Apices of teeth were examined stereomicroscopically for number, size and shape of apical foramina; frequency and deviation of accessory foramina from the apex and the relation with age and gender. Sixty‐four of the premolars had one foramen and 23% had two. The distances from the foramina openings to the apices ranged from 0.07 to 2.18 mm. In younger range irregular shape was dominant (41%), whilst in older range, round shape was dominant (45%). The shape of the apical foramen changed with age and the distance from the foramen to the anatomical apex increased with age.
Diagnostic approach with genetic tests for global developmental delay and/or intellectual disability: Single tertiary center experience
Authors: Han Ji Yoon , Jang Woori , Park Joonhong , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo , Lee In Goo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe child with global developmental delay (GDD)/intellectual disability (ID) is deserving of the appropriate evaluation available for improving the health and well‐being of patients and their families. To better elucidate the diagnostic approach of genetic tests for patients with GDD and/or ID, we evaluated the results in a cohort of 75 patients with clinical features of GDD and/or ID who were referred for diagnostic workup. A total of 75 children were investigated for GDD or ID in the pediatric neurology department. Ten patients (13%, 10/75) with a clinically recognizable syndrome were diagnosed by single‐gene analysis. Next, chromosomal microarray was performed as a first‐tier test, and 25 patients (33%, 25/75) showed structural abnormalities. Then, two fragile X syndrome (3%, 2/75) were confirmed by FMR1 gene fragment analysis. Thirty‐eight remaining patients received a gene panel by next‐generation sequencing. Eight patients were found to have an underlying genetic etiology: CHD8, ZDHHC9, MBD5, CACNA1H, SMARCB1, FOXP1, NSD1, and PAX6. As a result, 45 patients (60%, 45/75) had been diagnosed by genetic tests. Among 30 undiagnosed patients, brain structural abnormalities related to GDD/ID were observed in eight patients (11%, 8/75). However, in 22 patients (29%, 22/75), the causes of GDD/ID remained uncertain. A genetic diagnostic approach of GDD/ID by sequential molecular analysis can help in the planning of treatment, assigning the risk of occurrence in siblings, and providing emotional relief for the family.
Hydroxychloroquine sulphate therapy of erosive oral lichen planus
Authors: Yeshurun Algit , Bergman Reuven , Bathish Naji , Khamaysi Ziad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesErosive oral lichen planus (LP) may be painful and debilitating. Symptomatic oral LP has been treated with a wide spectrum of topical and systemic therapies, but few have been evaluated in large series. Hydroxychloroquine is suggested to be effective in oral LP.MethodsTwenty‐one consecutive patients with erosive, biopsy‐confirmed oral LP were prescribed. hydroxychloroquine sulphate 400 mg/day. Symptomatic improvement was evaluated by means of a visual analogue scale into three groups: no change, moderate to marked improvement and complete remission.ResultsFive (24%) patients obtained complete remission, 12 (57%) patients showed moderate to marked improvement, 3 (14%) patients did not improve at all and in one patient therapy was terminated after 1 month due to side effects. Response to therapy was observed after 2–4 months. Side effects which ultimately led to termination of therapy in three patients were elevated creatinine serum levels (after 1 month), visual field defects (after 8 months) and hyperpigmentation (after 24 months). Among six patients who responded to therapy, three flared on stopping.ConclusionsHydroxychloroquine sulphate may be effective and relatively safe treatment for erosive oral LP.
Clinical and financial evaluation of carbetocin as postpartum haemorrhage prophylaxis at caesarean section: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wohling Jemma , Edge Nicole , Pena‐Leal David , Wang Rui , Mol Ben Willem , Dekker Gustaaf 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe long‐acting oxytocic agent; carbetocin, has been consistently shown to reduce the need for additional uterotonics at caesarean section, but not postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). While promising, current evidence is limited by heterogenicity in study design and findings.AimsTo examine whether carbetocin confers clinical or economic benefit compared to oxytocin at caesarean section in an all‐risk Australian population.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken of all singleton caesarean sections at a public tertiary hospital from 2008 to 2010 (n = 2499). From 1 January 2008 to 24 March 2009 all women received prophylactic oxytocin 5–10 units slow push intravenously at delivery, after which all patients received 100 μg intravenous carbetocin. Outcomes were PPH (≥1000 mL) and the requirement of secondary uterotonics. A post hoc cost analysis was also performed.ResultsA total of 1467 and 1024 patients received carbetocin and oxytocin, respectively. Incidence of PPH ≥1000 mL was 7.8% for carbetocin compared to and 9.7% for oxytocin (odds ratio (OR) 0.79, 95% CI 0.59–1.05). Moderate blood loss >500 mL was significantly reduced with carbetocin; occurring in 27.3% versus 39.4% (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49–0.68). There was a 20.0% reduction in secondary uterotonic treatment with carbetocin (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.35–0.49). Average drug costs were lower with oxytocin at $4.74 versus $36.42/patient. However, the 1.9% reduction in PPH with carbetocin resulted in a $63.46 reduction in cost per patient, with a cost‐effectiveness ratio of $1667 to prevent one case of PPH ≥1000 mL.ConclusionsCarbetocin reduced moderate blood loss >500 mL, but not PPH ≥1000 mL. Carbetocin conferred a 20% reduction in secondary uterotonic treatment, as well as lowering direct medical costs.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of strabismus in offspring: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Yudi , Wang Chao , Gan Yong , Jiang Heng , Fu Wenning , Cao Shiyi , Lu Zuxun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on strabismus in offspring remains unclear. We conducted a meta‐analysis to summarize epidemiological evidences on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of offspring strabismus. Eligible studies were searched from the PubMed, Ovid, Embase and CNKI databases up to May 2018. The qualities of included articles were assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the assessment scale recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Odds ratios (ORs) corresponding with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the risk of offspring strabismus. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The Begg's test and Egger's test were used to assess the publication bias. Eleven articles involving 4,833 patients with strabismus were included. The pooled OR showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with strabismus in offspring (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.32–1.60). Compared with less than 10 cigarettes per day (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06–1.29), maternal smoking 10 cigarettes or more per day during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of offspring strabismus (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.39–2.31). The risk of developing esotropia and exotropia for smoking pregnant women, respectively, increased by 65% (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.31–2.09 and OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.24–2.19) than those who did not smoke during pregnancy. Additionally, the increased risk of maternity smoking associated with offspring strabismus was stable across all subgroup analyses. Overall, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of offspring strabismus and the result was persistent in subgroup analyses, suggesting the importance in changing smoking habit or smoking cessation for women who are pregnant or preparing to.
Systematic review: the consequences of psychosocial effects of inflammatory bowel disease on patients′ reproductive health
Authors: Purewal Satvinder , Chapman Sarah , Czuber‐Dochan Wladyslawa , Selinger Christian , Steed Helen , Brookes Matthew J. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundHigh levels of voluntary childlessness and pregnancy‐related fears have been reported amongst inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.AimsTo investigate what factors determine IBD patients’ childbearing decisions; and to examine psychosocial consequences of IBD on various aspects of patients' reproductive health.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched in a pre‐specified and structured manner.ResultsA total of 41 articles with data on 7122 patients were included. Between one‐fifth to one‐third of IBD patients had chosen voluntary childlessness. Around 50% of all IBD patients have poor knowledge of pregnancy‐related issues in IBD. Poor knowledge of pregnancy‐related issues in IBD was associated with voluntary childlessness. Observational studies have found preconception counselling is associated with patients choosing parenthood. Pregnancy‐related fears and concerns are multifaceted, stemming partly from lack of knowledge of pregnancy‐related issues in IBD. Many female patients are considered at increased risk for pregnancy because between one‐fifth to one‐third of patients do not use contraception. Research evidence for sexual dysfunction after disease diagnosis and treatment is inconsistent. There are limited data on patients’ pregnancy, postpartum and parenting experiences. A few shortcomings of the literature are evident; sample sizes were small, participation rates were low, use of non‐validated questionnaires was common, and few studies included men and/or ethnic minority groups. The design of intervention studies is also weak.ConclusionThis review recommends pre‐conception counselling for all IBD patients of childbearing age to tackle poor knowledge and allow patients to make an informed decision on their reproductive health.
Operative outcomes after laparoscopic splenectomy with special reference to prophylactic antibiotics
Authors: Matsuda Tsunemi , Kubo Shoji , Ueno Masaki , Takifuji Katsunari , Yamaue Hiroki , Takemura Shigekazu , Tanaka Shogo , Shinkawa Hiroji , Yamada Koichi , Kakeya Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe conducted a retrospective study to investigate the progress of the operative outcome after laparoscopic splenectomy (LS), with a special reference to the administration of prophylactic antibiotics (PA).MethodsThe study included 123 patients who underwent elective LS. Operative outcomes before and after the operative procedure was standardized and the impact of treatment with PA on surgical‐site infection were investigated.ResultsWith regard to complications, wound infection developed in one (0.8%), portal trunk thrombosis in one (0.8%), pancreatic fistula in one (0.8%), postoperative bleeding in two (1.6%), pleural effusion in one (0.8%), and reoperation because of bowel injury in one (0.8%). Although morbidity did not differ between patients in the early (until the end of 2010) and late (after the beginning of 2011) periods, intraoperative blood loss was lower in patients in the late period. During the late period, no patients required conversion to open surgery. The proportion of patients with surgical‐site infection did not differ between those who received PA 1 h before the start of surgery and every 3 h during surgery and those who received PA 1 h before the start of surgery, every 3 h during surgery, and twice a day for 24–72 h after surgery.ConclusionOperative outcomes after LS improved after the standardization of the operative procedure. The administration of PA 1 h before surgery and every 3 h during surgery seems to be sufficient to prevent surgical‐site infection during LS.
Microvascular anatomy of testes in the adult pipid frog, Xenopus laevis Daudin: A scanning electron microscopic study of vascular corrosion casts
Authors: Lametschwandtner Alois , Minnich Bernd 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe three‐dimensional microvascular anatomy of the testes of adult Xenopus laevis was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Results showed that testicular arteries branch off from urogenital arteries and approach the testes via the mesorchium. At the dorsal surface of testes, arteries course towards the medial and lateral surfaces of the ovoid testes, pierce the tunica albuginea and run in the subalbugineal space and then penetrate the testicular parenchyma. In the parenchyma, they branch in all directions. At sites where larger branches arise, sphincters are present. Intimal cushions are found at the origin of smaller branches. Terminal arterioles capillarize and form a wide‐meshed capillary network around convoluted seminiferous tubules. Inter‐ and peritubular capillaries cannot be differentiated reliably. Arterio‐venous transition distances are short. Arterio‐arterial anastomoses and veno‐venous anastomoses are present. Testicular venules empty into a venous subalbugineal plexus which shows veno‐venous anastomoses of different lengths and calibres. Signs of the ongoing non‐sprouting angiogenesis, particularly intussusceptive branch remodelling, reflect the dynamics of the testicular parenchyma. The present study is the first that demonstrates the testicular microvascular anatomy in an anuran species and shows that X. laevis and men share the intricate convoluted seminiferous tubules with associated vascular patterns as a feature in common.
Maternity care hospital trends in providing postdischarge breastfeeding supports to new mothers—United States, 2007‐2015
Authors: Beauregard Jennifer L. , Nelson Jennifer M. , Hamner Heather C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundHospitals that provide maternity care can play an important role in providing or directing mothers to postdischarge breastfeeding support, which improves breastfeeding duration especially when providing multiple support modes. This study described 2007‐2015 national trends in postdischarge breastfeeding supports among United States maternity care hospitals.MethodsData were from the Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care survey, a biennial census of maternity care hospitals in the United States and territories. Hospitals reported whether they provided nine support types, which we categorized into three support modes: physical contact (eg, return visits), active reaching out (eg, telephone calls), and referrals (eg, to lactation consultants). We calculated prevalence of each support type, each support mode, and providing all three support modes for each survey year and examined trends over 2007‐2015. For 2015, we assessed differences by hospital‐ and area‐level characteristics.ResultsPrevalence of providing all three support modes increased from 24% (2007) to 31% (2015). Nearly all (99%) hospitals provided referrals in each survey year. Fewer offered physical contact and active reaching out. However, from 2007 to 2015, the prevalence of physical contact increased from 39% to 46%; active reaching out increased from 54% to 64%. In 2015, smaller and rural hospitals were more likely to provide all three discharge supports.ConclusionsPrevalence of offering referrals was high, but there is room for improvement in providing physical contact and active reaching out to ensure multiple modes of support are available to help mothers reach their breastfeeding goals.
Clinical and radiographic peri‐implant variables around short dental implants in type 2 diabetic, prediabetic, and non‐diabetic patients
Authors: Mokeem Sameer , Alfadda Sara Abdulaziz , Al‐Shibani Nouf , Alrabiah Mohammed , Al‐Hamdan Rana Sulaiman , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundClinical and radiographic status around short dental implants in patients with different glycemic levels remains unexplored.PurposeTo determine the clinical and radiographic bone level (RBL) around short dental implants in type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), prediabetic, and non‐diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsParticipants were grouped into three groups based on HbA1c levels: T2DM (Group‐1); prediabetic patients (Group‐2); and non‐diabetic subjects (Group‐3). Clinical recordings included the assessment of peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD). Radiographic analysis included evaluation of standardized periapical digital radiographs using specialized software and image analyzer.ResultsClinical peri‐implant parameters including PI and BOP were statistically significantly higher in group‐1 (P < .01) and group 2 (P < .05) as compared to group‐3. Mean PD was statistically significantly higher in group‐1 patients compared to group‐3 (P < .01). Radiographic bone loss was significantly higher in both group‐1 (P < .01) and group‐2 (P < .05) patients as compared to patients in group 3. RBL showed statistically significant difference among T2DM patients even after adjusting for HbA1c, total cholesterol, and body mass index (P < .05) and statistically significant difference in prediabetic patients after adjusting for only HbA1c (P < .05).ConclusionClinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters are compromised around short dental implants in type‐2 diabetes mellitus patients. Further longitudinal studies are needed to compare clinical performance of short dental implants with standard dental implants placed in patients with different glycemic level.
Oncological outcomes before and after the extralevator abdominoperineal excision era in rectal cancer patients treated with abdominoperineal excision in a single centre, high volume unit
Authors: Lehtonen T. , Räsänen M. , Carpelan‐Holmström M. , Lepistö A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThe extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) has been expected to reduce the risk of positive circumferential resection margins (CRMs) and local recurrence in locally advanced distal rectal cancer. The aim was to determine whether there is any difference in local recurrence rates between patients who were operated on for distal rectal cancer before and after the introduction of ELAPE in our unit.Patients and methodsIn all, 206 patients with distal rectal cancer without distant metastases (T1‐4N0‐2M0) were treated with curative intent. The patients were divided into two cohorts operated in 2000–2007 (A) and 2008–2014 (B). The ELAPE procedure was introduced in 2008. Since then, it has been used in cases of T4 and T3 tumours with threatened margins. In T1–T3 tumours without threatened margins a conventional abdominal perineal excision has been performed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in overall survival or cancer‐specific survival between the two time periods. The local recurrence rate was 15.5% in group A and 6.7% in group B (P = 0.048), although there was no significant difference in the cumulative local recurrence rate. Intra‐operative tumour perforation occurred significantly more often during the earlier period when ELAPE was not in use: group A 15/71 (21.1%) vs group B 11/135 (8.1%), P = 0.01. CRM was positive more often in group A (16.4%) vs group B (7.4%), P = 0.054.ConclusionThe local recurrence rate, intra‐operative tumour perforation and positive CRM rate were significantly lower during the later period when more extensive surgery (ELAPE) was performed for locally advanced T3–T4 rectal cancer with threatened margins.