bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid MALDI mass spectrometry imaging for surgical pathology
Authors: Basu Sankha S. , Regan Michael S. , Randall Elizabeth C. , Abdelmoula Walid M. , Clark Amanda R. , Gimenez-Cassina Lopez Begoña , Cornett Dale S. , Haase Andreas , Santagata Sandro , Agar Nathalie Y. R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMatrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) is an emerging analytical technique, which generates spatially resolved proteomic and metabolomic images from tissue specimens. Conventional MALDI MSI processing and data acquisition can take over 30 min, limiting its clinical utility for intraoperative diagnostics. We present a rapid MALDI MSI method, completed under 5 min, including sample preparation and analysis, providing a workflow compatible with the clinical frozen section procedure.
Losing Track of Lipids in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Towards Individualized Patient Care
Authors: Heyden Josine C. van der , Birnie Erwin , Bovenberg Sarah A. , Dekker Pim , Veeze Henk J. , Mul Dick , Aanstoot Henk-Jan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aim To assess 1) the prevalence of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) changing from low-risk into borderline-high-risk lipid levels or from borderline-high-risk into high-risk lipid levels (‘lose track of lipids’) and 2) the power of a risk score including the determinants HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), gender, age, diabetes duration and ethnicity in predicting which patients lose track of lipids.
Methods 651 children and adolescents with T1D were included in this longitudinal retrospective cohort study. Lipid dynamics and the impact of the risk score on losing track of lipids were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate screening intervals.
Results 31–43% percent of the patients had lost track of one or more lipids at the next lipid measurement. This happened more frequently in patients with a low-risk lipid level at start. Depending on the lipid parameter, 5% of patients with low-risk lipid levels lost track of lipids after 13–23 months. The risk score based on concomitant information on the determinants was moderately able to predict which patients would lose track of lipids on the short term.
Conclusions A considerable number of children and adolescents with T1D loses track of lipids and does so within a 2-year screening interval. The predictive power of a risk score including age, BMI, gender, HbA1c, diabetes duration and ethnicity is only moderate. Future research should focus on another approach to the determinants used in this study or other determinants predictive of losing track of lipids on the short term.
Association between Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia and Vertebral Artery Aneurysms: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Harati Ali , Zeh Dominik , Rohde Stefan , Schultheiß Rolf , Schmieder Kirsten , Hernesniemi Juha 
Published: July 2019

Background The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to determine the association of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) and other anatomical variants with saccular vertebral artery posterior inferior cerebellar artery (VA-PICA) aneurysms.
Methods The frequency of VAH, vertebral artery (VA) atresia, VA aplasia, and PICA aplasia was analyzed using computed tomography (CT) angiography in 64 patients with VA-PICA aneurysms (43 ruptured and 21 unruptured) and compared with 128 age- and sex-matched controls. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for aneurysm formation.
Results Univariate analysis showed that patients with VA-PICA aneurysms had a significantly higher frequency of VAH (53% versus 17%; odds ratio [OR] 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–9.4; p < 0.0001) and VA aplasia (14% versus 1%; OR 20.8; 95% CI, 2.5–168.0; p = 0.004) compared with controls. VA-PICA aneurysms are detected significantly more often in the dominant VA, which is contralateral to VAH. Other anatomical variants are not related to aneurysm formation.
Conclusions VAH and VA aplasia are potential risk factors for VA-PICA aneurysms. Altered hemodynamics caused by VAH may result in intracranial aneurysm formation. Additional research should clarify the pathophysiologic association of VAH, VA aplasia, or vascular occlusion with arteriosclerosis and intracranial aneurysm formation.
The conflict about the 1940 Katyn’ massacre and the 2010 declaration of the Russian State Duma
Authors: Weiss Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The execution of 22,000 Polish officers and intellectuals in the forests of Katyn’ in 1940 constituted a stumbling block for the relations between the two countries for several decades. Although the investigation conducted by the Russian Prosecutor General’s Office (1991–2004) already confirmed Soviet responsibility for the crime, Russia refused to recognize the massacre as a war crime or genocide and was not willing to declassify the Russian archive materials and to express a posthumous rehabilitation of the victims. On March 22, 2005, the Polish Sejm protested against this stance by requesting that the Russian side provide access to the Katyn’ files. In April 2012, the European Court of Human Rights recognized the Katyn’ massacre as a war crime. In the meantime, the Russian resistance had weakened: 67 out of a total of 183 volumes of the criminal case were transferred to Poland, and Andrzej Wajda’s film about the Katyn’ crime was shown on Russian television in 2007. After the official expressions of regret pronounced by Gorbačev, El’cin and Putin, the Duma eventually approved a resolution that blamed Stalin and the NKVD for the crime (November 26, 2010).
Besides the historical and legal background, the article is devoted to the analysis of this debate as well as its Polish forerunners and subsequent reactions. Special attention is given to the position of the Communist Duma fraction, which kept denying any Soviet guilt. Moreover, the role of historical (counter)arguments and quotations is examined in detail. Based on a speech-act theoretical approach, the study finally gives a negative answer to the question whether the Russian government and/or parliament have ever delivered a full-fledged apology for the Katyn’ massacres.
Delegitimization strategies in Czech parliamentary discourse
Authors: Berrocal Martina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Parliamentary debates are characterized by constant conflict of opposing discourses in the struggle for positions, resources and political power. This rhetorical conflict, which is often more performed than real, aims, among others, to undermine the image of the political rivals and to question their professional, political and moral legitimation.
From the theoretical perspective, the questioning of identities and the face-threats are essential to this practice. They concern not only the individual face-threats, but the verbal attacks target frequently qualities related to the group-face (Spencer-Oatey 2009). However, these face threats form part of the parliamentary performance (staging) and the political rivals, unlike in the everyday interaction, seldom take a real offence which could seriously harm the interpersonal or intergroup relations (cf. Harris 2001: 468).
The research is conducted applying the pragma-rhetorical approach to parliamentary discourse which have proved useful in several studies of parliamentary discourse (Ilie 2003, 2010a, b, Ionescu-Ruxăndoiu 2010, 2012). However, some structual levels had to be added to Ilie’s approach in order to use its whole potential and convey the interplay of the different discourse levels in the parliamentary talk. By this endeavour, the approaches of Klein (1998) und Blas-Arroyo (Blas-Arroyo 2011) were also helpful.
This article aims to list delegitimization strategies used in the Czech Parliament. The main focus is on the strategies by which the fellow MPs are accused of lying, clientelismus or by which their moral and intelectual capabilities are put in question.
Under One Sun?
Authors: Salamurović Aleksandra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The present chapter examines the semiotic transformation of the cognitive model nation as communicated and discursively constructed in commemorative and jubilee speeches concerning the wider context of the 20th Anniversary of Independence in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Theoretically, it draws on the socio-cognitive approach to collective identity and cognitive pragmatics. The methodological framework is based both on quantitative (using corpus linguistics tools) and qualitative analysis. We focused especially on the use of the metonymy “Macedonia”, which is the most frequent term in analysed speeches. Polysemous referentiality and accompanied semiotic events induce, from the point of view of cognitive pragmatics, great contextual effects of this metonymy. Furthermore, ethnonyms, syntactic structures and argumentation patterns are analysed in order to test the hypothesis of discursively erased distinction between different ethnic groups. Finally, the analysis considers possible differentiations caused by participants involved in practices around text, i.e. political figures delivering jubilee speeches.
A socio-semiotic approach to the personal pronominal system in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Rector Monica , Amorim Marcelo da Silva 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, we analyse how the personal pronouns in the Portuguese language system have evolved from a basic prescriptive use recommended by the grammar handbooks to a more complex and fluent performance by its more than 250 million Lusophone speakers, adapting to their particular differences and needs. The main focus is on the Brazilian Portuguese and how the non-traditional implementation of a differentiated personal pronoun system in Brazil abides by linguistic, social, and cultural laws, establishing new forms and usages toward fulfilling meaningful demands in Brazilian society.
Forms and functions of French personal pronouns in social interactions and literary texts
Authors: Bouissac Paul 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The morphology and grammatical functions of French personal pronouns are first introduced with reference to their Latin origin in the context of the Indo-European language family. Considering that the forms of personal pronouns are necessarily grounded in the preliterate emergence of language and that the metalinguistic characterization of their grammatical functions glosses over their signalling values as spatial or territorial markers, this chapter endeavours to probe the ways in which these pronouns not only reflect but also, more importantly create or enforce social structures in learning and acculturation processes. From this point of view, personal pronouns in their contexts of use can be considered as speech acts in as much as they create equality of status, intimacy, bonding, or dominance, and can transform any of these kinds of relations into one another. Evidence is drawn from personal experience in the form of revealing anecdotes and from the use of the social and interpersonal power of pronouns in literary texts that purport to portray face-to-face and epistolary interactions.
Pronouns in an 18th century Chinese novel
Authors: Lee Cher Leng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Chinese language has a five-thousand-year history, and one can track the evolution of pronouns from historical to contemporary texts. Some historical Chinese pronouns constitute complex systems. In Chinese, address systems are a more obvious indicator of politeness (Kádár 2007). However, the subtle use of pronouns in Chinese to show (im)politeness has gone quite unnoticed. In the 18th Century novel Dream of the Red Chamber, one needs to understand the social dynamics of the contexts in which the pronouns are used to know why plural pronouns are used to refer to single referents and second-person and third-person singular pronouns are used to refer to more than one referents.
The novel features the complex social hierarchy within an influential family where each person is mindful of his position in the web of social strata. Therefore, it is vital to understand the social hierarchy of the speakers, interlocutors, and referents to understand why such discrepancies occur. These discrepancies between pronouns and referents indicate the attitudes of the speakers towards the people they are speaking or referring to, functioning like a social index showing attitudes in the context of hierarchical social networks.
Address, reference and sequentiality in Indonesian conversation
Authors: Ewing Michael C. , Djenar Dwi Noverini 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Indonesian has an open pronoun system that provides speakers with a range of first and second person terms. Drawing on data from informal conversation, we examine second person expressions used for address and reference in sequence initiating actions in multiparty interaction. Previous work on English has shown that address and reference are bound up in the systematics of turn taking, and that these practices are context-sensitive. We show this is also the case for Indonesian and that: (a) variation in sequential placement of person terms does stancetaking work; (b) speakers can choose between long and short forms of a name, with short names regularly used for strong exhorting, often in a double-address structure spanning two intonation units; (c) the availability of multiple second person terms means that, unlike a language with limited second person terms such as English, second person reference can also achieve explicit addressing; (d) indeterminacy in both the structure and social action of an utterance can arise due to the frequency of allusive reference and the flexibility of word order in Indonesian. Our study contributes to current literature by showing how the dynamics of address and reference play out in a language with a much richer and varied set of person terms than English has.
Experimental observation of a negative grey trion in an electron-rich WSe2 monolayer
Authors: Tu Jhih-Sian , Borghardt Sven , Grützmacher Detlev , Kardynał Beata E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We measure the evolution of low temperature photoluminescence in a WSe2 monolayer with increasing electron concentration level. By comparing non-resonant and resonant laser excitation, we find that the formation of negative trions is facilitated by very efficient phonon emission. The most prominent line in photolumienscence spectra in the intermediate range of carrier concentrations (below

cm−2) is found to be 66 meV below the bright negative trion. Its measured properties, including low oscillator strength and the temperature dependence point to an interacting bright intervalley and dark intervalley trion state as the origin of the line.
The influence of x-ray pulse length on space-charge effects in optical pump/x-ray probe photoemission
Authors: Kühn Danilo , Giangrisostomi Erika , Jay Raphael M , Sorgenfrei Florian , Föhlisch Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a versatile tool to investigate the dynamics of transient states of excited matter. Vacuum space-charge effects can mask these dynamics and complicate the interpretation of electron spectra. Here we report on space-charge effects in Au 4f photoemission from a polycrystalline gold surface, excited with moderately intense 90 ps (FWHM) soft x-ray probe pulses, under the influence of the Coulomb forces exerted by a pump electron cloud, which was produced by intense 40 fs laser pulses. The experimentally observed kinetic energy shift and spectral broadening of the Au 4f lines, measured with highly-efficient time-of-flight spectroscopy, are in good agreement with simulations utilizing a mean-field model of the electrostatic pump electron potential. This confirms that the line broadening is predominantly caused by variations in the take-off time of the probe electrons without appreciable influence of local scattering events. Our findings might be of general interest for pump-probe PES with picosecond-pulse-length sources.
Which are the factors influencing the integration of mitigation and adaptation in climate change plans in Latin American cities?
Authors: Kim Hyejung , Grafakos Stelios 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As cities are major contributors to GHG emissions and places where people face multiple climate change impacts, their critical role in responding to climate change is becoming increasingly evident. Cities are developing climate change action plans (CCAPs) focusing their efforts on reducing GHG emissions and adapting to climate change impacts. Despite having the highest urban population in the world, there are a few studies on urban CCAPs in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. This study assessed the level of integration of mitigation and adaptation (IMA) in urban climate change plans across 44 major LAC cities. The level of IMA was measured by the utilization of the IMA index, a comprehensive evaluation framework of indicators. The results showed that more than half of the examined LAC cities have a moderate level of IMA. The study further explored and statistically analyzed 42 institutional, socioeconomic and environmental factors to identify which ones potentially drive or constrain the level of IMA. Five out of 42 factors were found to have a significant impact (p-value < 0.05) on the IMA index. Of the five significant factors, memberships in regional networks FLACMA and UCCI respectively, and donor agencies’ contribution to the development of urban policies had a positive impact on IMA index; while the national climate fund and membership in the global network Urban LEDS had a negative impact. This suggests that cities are most likely to integrate mitigation and adaptation when the development of their CCAPs are supported by donor agencies or collaborating with other cities. The results highlight the important role of donor agencies, international organizations and cities’ networks on providing the necessary capacity to cities for addressing climate change in an integrated manner.
Physicochemical and Pasting Properties of Cross Linked-Banana Flour
Authors: Marta H , Cahyana Y , Senia E , Djali M , Halim I R , Urrohmah S , Khairunnissa D S , Sutardi A A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Role of milieu pH at 5, 8 and 11 has been investigated to determine the effectiveness of cross-linking by STPP (Sodium tripolyphosphate) to banana flour. Change in physicochemical and pasting properties due to the treatments have been studied. The characterization by XRD and FTIR has also been carried out to reveal the diffraction pattern and the change in the chemical functional group. The result showed that cross-linking at the pH studied did not change the diffraction pattern of banana flour. An investigation using FTIR indicated that peak absorbance at wavenumber 2300 and 928 cm−1 increased following the treatment with the increase of pH, suggesting the formation of diester phosphate and C-O-P linking respectively. Swelling volume and solubility were remarkably affected by crosslinking at pH 11 while freeze-thaw stability at pH 5. The effectiveness of cross-linking on changing the pasting properties was not affected by the pH but cross-linking per se decreased the breakdown viscosity compared to the native flour.
Banana peels extract (Musa Paradisiaca Var Kepok) Decreased MDA in New Zealand White Rabbit With DM Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Samiasih A , Subagio W H , Dharmana  , Susanto H , Sadhana U , Sunoko H R , Santosa B 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe incidence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing over the year. The drugs of DM cause side effects on an organ and heart. The pathological process of DM hyperlipidemia begins with oxidative stress. It is necessary to think about preventing hyperlipidemia in DM by using herbs as herbal medicines. This study aims to find out the effect of peel extracts of Musa Paradisiaca var. kepok to New Zealand White rabbits with hyperlipidemic in DM. The banana peel extract was obtained from the traditional market in Demak, Central Java. Banana peel extraction used maceration with ethanol extract. This study used 27 New Zealand White male rabbits, aged 4 months, with 1.5-2 kg average weights. The sample of the study was divided into three groups. Treatment group 1 (P1), Treatment group 2 (P2) and control group (K). All groups had standard feed and High Fructose Fat Diet (HFFD). Group P1 was given banana peel extract dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day and group P2was given banana peel extract dose of 400 mg/kg body weight/day and group K was not given banana peel extract. This was an experimental laboratory research with the randomized pretest-posttest control design. The research data were taken three times; pretest, day 45 and day 104. This research was conducted for 104 days at UGM LPPT of unit 4 which has been internationally standardized. MDA levels were measured by the HPLC. The results of the pretest levels of MDA 0, 627, day 45 p = 0.232, day 104 p = 0.028. Ethanol extract of Musa Paradisiaca var. kapok prevents oxidative stress of New Zealand White rabbits with Diabetic Hyperlipidemia.
Microstructural and Proteomic Analysis to Investigate the Effectiveness of Papaya Leaf as a Tenderizer of Beef and Goat’s Meat
Authors: Kartika A I , Kusuma H S , Darmawati S , Tanjung D S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Meat quality for the community is determined by the level of tenderizer. The process of meat tenderization could be done by giving papain enzymes derived from papaya fruit or leaves. Meat with the administration of papain enzymes can be analyzed based on protein profiles to see protein and microstructural integrity to see the texture of meat. The research sample was 20 g of beef and goat’s meat with the treatment using the enzyme papain derived from papaya leaves. Time variation of enzyme administration 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h, as well as variations in the weight of crude papain extract from papaya leaves as much as 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g. Analysis of protein concentration using Bradford and Kjeldhal methods, and protein profiles using the SDS PAGE method, and microstructural analysis using SEM. The concentration of meat protein with the treatment of crude extract of papaya leaves decreased compared to control meat. Based on protein profile analysis showed that meat given the enzyme papain from papaya leaves experienced protein band loss at a size of 225 kDa, 150 kDa, 96 kDa, 86 kDa. Microstructural analysis showed that beef and goat’s meat treated with damage to collagen fibers, collagen fibers did not stick with muscle fibers, and the arrangement was irregular, in addition, there was a distance between muscle fibers.
Amylopectin Content, Expand Ability, and Organoleptic Properties of Yam Flour Cracker
Authors: Magfiroh Y , Hersoelistyorini W , Nurrahman  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The fulfillment of wheat flour in Indonesia is still by imports from other countries. To reduce the import dependency of wheat flour, food diversification based on tubers including yams needs to be done. Yam flour has potential as ingredient in crackers production. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution by yams flour and wheat flour on amylopectin content, expand the ability and organoleptic properties of yam crackers. This research using the Completely Randomized Design comprising two factors: Factor I, the proportion of yam flour (0, 1, 2 and 3 portion) and factor II, the proportion of wheat flour (17,18, 19 and 20 portion). The results showed that the best proportion treatment comprised 5 percent of yam flour and 100 percent of wheat flour, which produced expandability of 57,29 % and amylopectin content 53,04 %. Results of organoleptic tests included: Sense by 2,87 (slightly favored), color by 2,6/(slightly favored) texture by 2,87/(slightly favored), and smell by 2,87 (neutral).