bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statt Heizungsverbot: Vertrauen in den Emissionshandel und viel mehr Zeit für die Wärmewende!
Authors: Frondel Manuel 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungNoch ehe die Wirkung der zu Beginn der Dekade eingeführten Mannigfaltigkeit an Maßnahmen zur Senkung der Emissionen des Gebäudesektors gut erkennbar war, wurde im Jahr 2023 ein faktisches Verbot des Einbaus von reinen Öl- und Gasheizungen ab dem Jahr 2024 gesetzlich verankert. Dieses Verbot wird von rund vier Fünftel der Bevölkerung abgelehnt und hat zu einer vorhersehbaren Vorziehreaktion geführt: Im Jahr 2023 wurden rund 0,9 Mio. neue Gas- und Ölheizungen installiert, sodass es insgesamt zu einem Rekordzubau von über 1,3 Mio. neuen Heizungen kam. Eine ähnliche Vorziehreaktion gab es vor der Einführung des Erneuerbaren-Wärmegesetzes in Baden-Württemberg im Jahr 2010. Es wäre angesichts der massiven Ablehnung des Verbots durch die Bevölkerung klüger und ökonomisch vorteilhafter gewesen, wenn die Wärmewende stattdessen dem ab dem Jahr 2027 startenden separaten EU-Emissionshandel für die Sektoren Wärme und Verkehr überlassen worden wäre. Mit Hilfe dieses zweiten Emissionshandels können die Emissionen der beiden Sektoren entlang politischer Vorgaben sukzessive und in kosteneffizienter Weise gesenkt werden: Die Emissionen würden dort in Europa vermieden, wo es am kostengünstigsten ist. Die kostengünstigsten CO2-Einsparungen dürften jedoch kaum in der energetischen Sanierung von deutschen Altbauten und in deren Ausstattung mit teuren Wärmepumpen liegen. Maßnahmen, die nicht im Rahmen dieses zweiten Emissionshandels ergriffen werden, sondern auf nationaler Ebene zusätzlich verordnet würden, würden die Treibhausgasvermeidung allenfalls teurer machen, aber im EU-weitem Maßstab nichts zur Verringerung der Emissionen beitragen: Die dadurch frei werdenden Zertifikate werden von den am zweiten Emissionshandel beteiligten Inverkehrbringern fossiler Brenn- und Kraftstoffe erworben, wodurch andernorts in der Europäischen Union die Emissionen höher ausfallen (Wasserbetteffekt). Die Wärmewende in Deutschland über das Knie brechen zu wollen mit dem Argument, dass in der Vergangenheit dafür zu wenig getan worden ist, könnte sich daher mit der Etablierung des zweiten Emissionshandels als ebenso teuer wie nutzlos herausstellen. Die Wärmewende sollte aus diesem Grund nicht überstürzt werden. Vielmehr sollte man sich in Deutschland ein Beispiel an der behutsamen Wärmewende Dänemarks nehmen, die nach den Ölpreiskrisen der 1970er-Jahre eingeleitet wurde und erst in der vergangenen Dekade in ein Verbot fossiler Heizungen mündete – zu einer Zeit, in der diese nur noch eine geringe Verbreitung hatten.
Operationalizing health data governance for AI innovation in low-resource government health systems: a practical implementation perspective from Zanzibar
Authors: Li Tracey , Wandella Abbas , Gomer Richard , Al-Mafazy Mohamed Habib 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Improved health data governance is urgently needed due to the increasing use of digital technologies that facilitate the collection of health data and growing demand to use that data in artificial intelligence (AI) models that contribute to improving health outcomes. While most of the discussion around health data governance is focused on policy and regulation, we present a practical perspective. We focus on the context of low-resource government health systems, using first-hand experience of the Zanzibar health system as a specific case study, and examine three aspects of data governance: informed consent, data access and security, and data quality. We discuss the barriers to obtaining meaningful informed consent, highlighting the need for more research to determine how to effectively communicate about data and AI and to design effective consent processes. We then report on the process of introducing data access management and information security guidelines into the Zanzibar health system, demonstrating the gaps in capacity and resources that must be addressed during the implementation of a health data governance policy in a low-resource government system. Finally, we discuss the quality of service delivery data in low-resource health systems such as Zanzibar’s, highlighting that a large quantity of data does not necessarily ensure its suitability for AI development. Poor data quality can be addressed to some extent through improved data governance, but the problem is inextricably linked to the weakness of a health system, and therefore AI-quality data cannot be obtained through technological or data governance measures alone.
Social justice considerations in developing and deploying AI in Africa
Authors: Mengesha Getachew Hailemariam , Belay Elefelious Getachew , Adams Rachel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the literature, there are polarized views regarding the capabilities of technology to embed societal values. One aisle of the debate contends that technical artifacts are value-neutral since values are not peculiar to inanimate objects. Scholars on the other side of the aisle argue that technologies tend to be value-laden. With the call to embed ethical values in technology, this article explores how AI and other adjacent technologies are designed and developed to foster social justice. Drawing insights from prior studies, this paper identifies seven African moral values considered central to actualizing social justice; of these, two stand out—respect for diversity and ethnic neutrality. By introducing use case analysis along with the Discovery, Translation, and Verification (DTV) framework and validating via Focus Group Discussion, this study revealed novel findings: first, ethical value analysis is best carried out alongside software system analysis. Second, to embed ethics in technology, interdisciplinary expertise is required. Third, the DTV approach combined with the software engineering methodology provides a promising way to embed moral values in technology. Against this backdrop, the two highlighted ethical values—respect for diversity and ethnic neutrality—help ground the pursuit of social justice.
Female music entrepreneurs’ use of international social capital and digital technology
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMusic entrepreneurs are by nature intrinsically involved in the music industry due to lifestyle and business reasons. This study investigates the use of lifestyle entrepreneurship behaviours by taking a gender perspective about how music entrepreneurs develop commercial activities. This includes focusing on how international relationships relate to meaningful music entrepreneurial experience based on the use of social capital. Drawing on interview data from 12 female music entrepreneurs the findings highlight lifestyle identification responses to entrepreneurship as central constituents. Moreover, the study shows how female music entrepreneurs tap into their lifestyle connections based on their gender and social interests. The article contributes to the development of the music, gender, lifestyle, and digital entrepreneurship work by identifying a more interdisciplinary perspective. The practical implications for the music industry evolve around helping more female entrepreneurs break into the sector by harnessing their creative potential.
Competition, payment and flexible trust on a Sierra Leonean fishing boat
Authors: Baann Cecilie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article analyses a competitive payment practice common aboard artisanal fishing boats in Sierra Leone. The competition for payment between crew members on board fishing boats complicates common discursive claims about generalized mistrust in post-war Sierra Leone. Through a phenomenological ethnography of working relations at sea, I show how competitive practices generate flexible trust between crew members. Competing in what is known as handfailure produces moments where others’ intentions and moral character become legible, allowing fishermen to forge and revise trust in light of shifting evaluations of trustworthiness. The trust forged through handfailure differs from older patron–client relationships between boat owners and fishermen, and from the interpretations of social breakdown in fishing communities given by government officials. The article contributes to recent anthropological conversations about mis/trust by showing how, in contexts where people question trust or claim that mistrust is widespread, trust can nevertheless be forged anew on more flexible and negotiable terms.
‘We built Ethiopia by replacing the expatriates’: how Gurage entrepreneurs shaped the national economy and political culture in post-liberation Ethiopia (1941–74)
Authors: Nida Worku 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOnce considered an underclass, Gurage people have emerged as Ethiopia’s quintessential entrepreneurial class over the last seven decades. Studies on entrepreneurialism often focus on factors contributing to entrepreneurial success, such as ethnicity. The Gurage case study rethinks entrepreneurialism as nation making, demonstrating how Gurage entrepreneurialism was essential to the formation of Ethiopia’s modern economy and nation state in the twentieth century. The success of Gurage entrepreneurialism partly depended on support from the Ethiopian imperial state. The principal argument developed here is that Gurage entrepreneurs’ struggle against the ‘expatriate’ domination of Ethiopia’s capitalist commerce came to be constituted as a struggle for national economic independence, which was central to the nation-making project in this post-liberation period. In the process, Gurage transformed their own previous marginalization and denigration as ‘foreigners’ to become quintessential Ethiopian nation builders. It is a story about Gurage entrepreneurialism’s input into the Ethiopian nation-building project, one that contributes to larger theoretical discussions about entrepreneurialism, nation making, the state–market nexus and threats of foreign dominance in African markets.
Mis/trust and political competition in post-devolution Gusiiland, south-west Kenya: an ethnography of electoral patronage
Authors: Zidaru Teodor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn Kenya, the transition to a devolved system of governance in 2013 buoyed hopes for meaningful democratization. County governments were expected to lower the stakes of electoral competition, distribute national resources more equitably, enable citizens to hold their local leaders to account, and thus promote impersonal forms of political trust in state institutions and bureaucratic procedures. Yet personalistic trust based on shared kinship and ethnic identities continues to characterize citizen–state relations. This article explores how and why. It does so based on ethnographic fieldwork in post-devolution Gusiiland, an ethnically homogeneous and politically fragmented context where clan and sub-clan kinship identities remain central to local electoral mobilization. Here, competing for office means negotiating alliances that bridge polities divided by a history of uneven development, partisan patronage, and intersecting clannist, classist and patriarchal prejudices. Candidates negotiate such alliances by partnering with local ‘agents’ or intermediaries, who broker votes and patronage in their families and family networks. Zooming in on candidate–agent cooperation, the article shows how its terms and outcomes are partly contingent on intermediaries’ gender, class and personal reputation, as well as rivalries among families and voters vying for brokerage positions. The brokerage of patronage systematically recreates the material conditions of possibility not just for transcending but also for lending fresh legitimacy to normative conceptions of trust as ‘natural’ among kin. Thus, the resilience of kinship-based trust can be explained in terms of the plasticity of patronage-based electoral mobilization and its potential to enact moral ideals of kinship in new, seemingly democratic ways.
Competition and mis/trust in Africa and beyond
Authors: Zidaru Teodor , Hopkinson Leo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCompetition has rarely been an explicit theme in ethnographies of African settings, despite being a familiar dynamic to ethnographers in the field. Trust and mistrust, although prominent themes, tend to feature in discussions of their relationship to cooperation. Re-reading ethnographic and historical accounts of diverse competitive practices on the continent invites a closer attention to the subtle ways in which competition – as a specific genre of collective action – shapes and is reshaped by relations of trust and mistrust. This article begins by drawing this lead out from extant literature, before pursuing it in conversation with the ethnographic materials presented across this part issue. We show that competition gives rise to particular acts and dispositions of trust and mistrust. These, in turn, prompt people to reimagine the competitive structures and practices they engage in. Competition, trust and mistrust are thus mutually implicated. This insight demonstrates how ethnographies of African settings can continue to strengthen conceptual understandings of both competition and trust in anthropological and social theory while challenging representations of African societies as historically uncompetitive at a time when assumptions about the relationship between competition and trust continue to inform macro-economic modelling and policymaking that shape millions of lives, in Africa and beyond.
Diet quality from mid-life and body composition in older age: findings from a British birth cohort
Authors: Westbury Leo D. , Durdin Ruth , Robinson Sian M. , Cooper Cyrus , Cooper Rachel , Ward Kate A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigated associations between ‘healthy dietary pattern’ scores, at ages 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years, and body composition at age 60–64 years among participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). Principal component analyses of dietary data (food diaries) at age 60–64 years were used to calculate diet scores (healthy dietary pattern scores) at each age. Higher scores indicated healthier diets (higher consumption of fruit, vegetables and wholegrain bread). Linear regression was used to investigate associations between diet scores at each age and height-adjusted dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat and lean mass measures at age 60–64 years. Analyses, adjusting for sex and other potential confounders (age, smoking history, physical activity and occupational class), were implemented among 692 men and women. At age 43, 53 and 60–64 years, higher diet scores were associated with lower fat mass index (FMI) and android:gynoid fat mass ratio; for example, in fully adjusted analyses, a standard deviation (sd) increase in diet score at age 60–64 years was associated with an SD difference in mean FMI of −0·18 (95 % CI: −0·25, −0·10). In conditional analyses, higher diet scores at ages 43, 53 and 60–64 years (than expected from diet scores at younger ages) were associated with lower FMI and android:gynoid fat mass ratio in fully adjusted analyses. Diet scores at age 36 years had weaker associations with the outcomes considered. No associations regarding appendicular lean mass index were robust after full adjustment. This suggests that improvements in diet through adulthood are linked to beneficial effects on adiposity in older age.
Hermaphroditism in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Ashida Hiroshi , Tsukahara Yohei , Yasuike Motoshige , Nakamura Yoji , Maeta Keisuke , Tanaka Yosuke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A case of hermaphrodism in a wild Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis from the Sea of Japan is reported. Morphologically and macroscopically, the gonad seemed to have both ovarian and testicular surfaces. Histological analysis showed that the gonad consisted of only sexually mature testis in all the sections examined, suggesting that the individual was male. Genetic analysis, however, indicated that the tissue samples from this individual had no male-specific genome region, resulting in it being inferred as a female. The observed inconsistency between genetic and histological analysis could help future understanding of the sex development of tunas.
Chasing net zero: critical uncertainties in coffee emissions calculations
Authors: Caudill S Amanda , Ablett Harry , Laing Timothy , Fernandez Jhoseari , Brits Konrad , Marshall Helen , Mesliuvaite Gabriele 
Published: December 2024

SummaryNet zero as a policy for reducing atmospheric carbon emissions is relatively straightforward; however, the implementation of that policy is not, particularly in difficult-to-measure sectors such as agriculture. As strategies to reduce emissions are explored, multiple uncertainties in measuring these emissions are confronted. In this paper, we use the example of a coffee supply chain in Peru to illustrate the magnitude of potential variability in emissions accounting results, which represent a necessary first step in moving towards net zero. We show that scope boundaries and emissions factors chosen for carbon calculations significantly alter emissions outcomes and can result in discrepancies of over 77 million kg CO2e when scaled to a medium-size coffee trader. Net zero targets and efforts to reduce emissions may be over- or understated depending on subjective decisions that cause significant differences in emissions results. Although framework guidance exists, it is apparent that a greater set of micro-level agreements is needed for calculating the emissions of lesser-studied sectors, such as agricultural supply chains. This process is imperative to focus efforts on reducing emissions and on moving from net zero as a mere policy to action and implementation.
Indigenous Advocacy and the Compliance Mechanisms of the World Heritage Convention: a TWAIL Reading
Authors: Mattez Anaïs 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines how Indigenous Peoples who depend on World Heritage sites for their culture and livelihood can appeal to the Committee when State Parties fail to comply with their obligations. While scholars criticize the World Heritage Convention for the lack of participation of Indigenous Peoples, particularly in the inscription and management processes, the framework of the Convention also allows representation and visibility. Indeed, compliance mechanisms offer opportunities for Indigenous advocates to negotiate Land sovereignty and environmental protection. TWAIL, which places the worldview of Indigenous Peoples at the center of legal practice, is crucial to understanding the interactions between Indigenous Peoples and the 1972 UNESCO Convention. TWAILers highlight how international law historically denies sovereignty rights to Indigenous Peoples. Article 6(1) echoes this absence of sovereignty. This article examines three cases in which Indigenous advocates petition to protect Native Lands against environmental degradations and colonization: Kakadu, Wood Buffalo, and Uluru. Ultimately, the challenges of Indigenous activists in their quest to preserve nature and culture reveal that the absence of sovereignty prerogatives remains a substantial issue. While the Convention provides a venue for advocacy and international awareness, Indigenous Peoples still must negotiate Land autonomy and cultural sovereignty with the State.
Seasons of Kawasaki Disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nowlen Todd T. , Harahsheh Ashraf S. , Raghuveer Geetha , Lee Simon , Yetman Anji T. , Dahdah Nagib , Portman Michael A. , Jain Supriya S. , Khoury Michael , Tierney Selemet , Manlhiot Cedric , Farid Pedrom , McCrindle Brian W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe incidence of Kawasaki Disease has a peak in the winter months with a trough in late summer/early fall. Environmental/exposure factors have been associated with a time-varying incidence. These factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was performed through the International Kawasaki Disease Registry. Data from patients diagnosed with acute Kawasaki Disease and Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children were obtained. Guideline case definitions were used to confirm site diagnosis. Enrollment was from 1/2020 to 7/2023. The number of patients was plotted over time. The patients/month were tabulated for the anticipated peak Kawasaki Disease season (December–April) and non-peak season (May–November). Data were available for 1975 patients from 11 large North American sites with verified complete data and uninterrupted site reporting. The diagnosis criteria were met for 531 Kawasaki Disease and 907 Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children patients. For Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children there were peaks in January of 2021 and 2022. For Kawasaki Disease, 2020 began (January–March) with a seasonal peak (peak 26, mean 21) with a subsequent fall in the number of cases/month (mean 11). After the onset of the pandemic (April 2020), there was no clear seasonal Kawasaki Disease variation (December–April mean 12 cases/month and May–November mean 10 cases/month). During the pandemic, the prevalence of Kawasaki Disease decreased and the usual seasonality was abolished. This may represent the impact of pandemic public health measures in altering environmental/exposure aetiologic factors contributing to the incidence of Kawasaki Disease.
Rhinovirus infection presenting with acute myocarditis with complete heart block in a child: a case report
Authors: Yuwattana Rattakarn , Singhasee Kunthika , Saengsin Kwannapas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis report outlines a 9-year-old Thai boy with acute myocarditis due to rhinovirus infection, manifesting complete heart block. Despite aggressive treatment, including pulse methylprednisolone and temporary pacing, his condition remained unstable. He gradually improved over five days in the paediatric cardiac ICU and continued recovery over six months. This underscores the need for comprehensive treatment and follow-up in paediatric myocarditis.
Navigating the bilingual cocktail party: a critical role for listeners’ L1 in the linguistic aspect of informational masking
Authors: Lew Emilia , Hallot Sophie , Byers-Heinlein Krista , Deroche Mickael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cocktail party environments require listeners to tune in to a target voice while ignoring surrounding speakers. This presents unique challenges for bilingual listeners who have familiarity with several languages. Our study recruited English-French bilinguals to listen to a male target speaking French or English, masked by two female voices speaking French, English or Tamil, or by speech-shaped noise, in a fully factorial design. Listeners struggled most with L1 maskers and least with foreign maskers. Critically, this finding held regardless of the target language (L1 or L2) challenging theories about the linguistic component of informational masking, which contrary to our results predicts stronger interference with greater target-to-masker similarity such as L2 vs L2 compared to L2 vs L1. Our findings suggest that the listener’s familiarity with the masker language is an important source of informational masking in multilingual environments.