bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Therapy on High Grade B Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified and Outcomes in Comparison with Double Hit Lymphoma
Authors: Rush Jonathan , Sehgal Alison R. , Roth Christine G. , Boyiadzis Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: High grade B cell lymphoma (HGBL) is a heterogeneous entity with morphologic and genetic features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Many patients with HGBL also have concurrent MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements documented by FISH, the so-called double-hit lymphoma (DHL), which has now been defined as a separate entity in the updated WHO classification in 2016 as HGBL with rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6. Other HGBL without MYC and BCL2 or BCL6 have been termed HGBL, NOS. HGBL, NOS and DHL are considered clinically aggressive. The best therapeutic approach for HGBL, NOS is unclear, and outcomes of patients with DHL in comparison to HGBL, NOS are not well established.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the outcomes and practice patterns for patients with HGBL, NOS. Additionally, we compared the survival of patients with HGBL, NOS to those with DHL.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. All patients identified as HGBL by pathology review at the University of Pittsburgh Hematopathology Department from 2010-2014 were included. Outcomes between standard therapy with R-CHOP and high intensity therapies with either R-EPOCH or R-HyperCVAD were compared for those patients with HGBL. Survival curves were generated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and overall survival was compared using the log-rank test. Cox-regression analysis was used to adjust for covariates.
Results: 50 patients with newly diagnosed HGBL without a double-hit genotype were identified. Of these patients, 38 received R-CHOP (63%), R-EPOCH (21%) or R-HyperCVAD (16%). Baseline characteristics between treatment groups (Table 1) revealed an older age (p=0.033) and more frequent germinal center genotype (p=0.023) in those treated with R-CHOP. Median follow-up for this group was 18 months. There was no difference in the overall survival (OS) between R-CHOP and higher intensity regimens (p=0.540) (Figure 1). Median survival was not reached in either group. 2-year survival was 76%. Only a high-risk IPI score retained prognostic significance with OS in multivariate analysis (p=0.022). This compares favorable to 13 cases of DHL treated with R-CHOP, R-EPOCH, or R-HyperCVAD during a similar time period for whom the median overall survival was 8.9 months (p=0.016)
Conclusion: Both standard therapy with R-CHOP and higher intensity therapies appear to be effective in the treatment of HGBL without double-hit genotype. IPI score remains prognostically significant. Outcomes in patients with HGBL, NOS appear favorable in comparison with patients with DHL.
Figure Figure.

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Electrophoretic and Spectroscopic Characterization of Hgb M
Authors: GERALD PARK S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The hemoglobin (hgb) from a patient with Hgb M disease was resolved into two components by starch block electrophoresis (at pH 7.0-7.2) of the oxidized hemolyzate. One component was identified electrophoretically and spectroscopically as Hgb A, and the other as Hgb M. Methods for the determination of the relative concentration of Hgb M were given. In the patient reported, Hgb M was found to comprise approximately 30 per cent of the total hgb.
Spectroscopic studies of electrophoreticably isolated Hgb M demonstrated that both the methgb and the cyanmethgb form were abnormal in their spectral curves. The reactions of the methgb form with low and high concentrations of cyanide were found to differ. The nature of the spectral changes were such as to indicate that some of the heme groups of the methgb form react abnormally and others apparently normally. The electrophoretic behavior of the patient’s hemolyzate after treatment with various combinations of cyanide and ferricyanide was consistent with this hypothesis. The differing reactivity of the heme groups was explained in the light of the biochemical genetics of the abnormal hemoglobins.
Acute Hemolytic Anemia in the Newborn Infant due to Naphthalene Poisoning: Report of Two Cases, with Investigations into the Mechanism of the Disease
Authors: DAWSON JEAN P. , THAYER WILLIAM W. , DESFORGES JANE F. , Manchester Alice C. , Lendraitis Reda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Two cases of naphthalene hemolytic anemia in the newborn period are reported.
2. Both exhibited glutathione instability upon incubation with acetyl phenylhydrazine and naphthol months to years later. Several members of their families exhibited a similar defect with evidence that it is inherited as a simple dominant.
3. In those individuals with glutathione instability there was deficient TPNH2 generation by their hemolysates in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate and TPN, indicating a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Glutathione reductase activity was normal or decreased.
4. TPNH2-linked reduction of methemoglobin by erythrocyte suspensions in the presence of glucose and methylene blue was also decreased in those subjects tested, a finding consistent with the deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Quantitative Assay of Intrinsic Factor Activity by Urinary Excretion of Radioactive Vitamin B12
Authors: ELLENBOGEN LEON , WILLIAMS WILLIAM L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technic for assaying consecutively up to 18 intrinsic factor preparations with one pernicious anemia patient is described. The use of repeated flushing doses appeared to have little effect on the respsonse in the urinary excretion test; nine patients were given up to 38 flushing doses of 1 mg. of nonradioactive B12 over a period of 44 days and showed essentially the same response to a standard intrinsic factor preparation at the beginning and end of this period.
The excretion of vitamin B12 in the test increased with increasing amounts of intrinsic factor in each of four different preparations, indicating that large amounts of intrinsic factor did not inhibit absorption. There was no relationship between the urinary excretion values obtained with radioactive B12 alone and the values obtained with radioactive B12 plus standard intrinsic factor in a series of tests on 127 pernicious anemia patients. It appears that total rather than net excretion values are to be preferred in evaluating preparations. Since it has been shown that pernicious anemia patients given intrinsic factor absorb more than 0.5 µg. of radioactive vitamin B12, an oral dose of 2.0 µg. of B12 which allows an absorption of more than 0.5 µg. is preferred in order to extend the range of intrinsic factor test doses that can be assayed.
Studies on Erythropoiesis
Authors: GOLDWASSER EUGENE , JACOBSON LEON O. , FRIED WALTER , PLZAK LOUIS F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eugene Goldwasser, Leon O. Jacobson, Walter Fried and Louis Plzak: Studies on erythropoiesis. V. The effect of cobalt on the production of erythropoietin. Blood 13:55-60 (January), 1958.
On page 57, beginning with line 5, the text should read as follows: storage site of the hormone may be stimulated to discharge its content of erythropoietin, or the site of synthesis may he stimulated for a short time to produce the factor at …
Some Observations on Blood Factors RhA, RhB and RC of the Rh-Hr Blood Group System
Authors: UNGER LESTER J. , WIENER ALEXANDER S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The complex serologic behavior of the Rh-Hr agglutinogens has been underlined by the recent discovery that, with very rare exceptions, associated with blood factor Rho of Rh-positive blood, there are numerous other blood factors which may be designated RhA, RhB, RhC, etc. Rare Rh-positive individuals exist whose bloods have blood factor Rho but lack one or more of the other components. Such individuals can and have become sensitized to the missing blood factor. For example, in the case of an Rh-positive individual lacking blood factor RhA, anti-RhA may be produced. When RhB and/or RhC are lacking, anti-RhB and anti-RhC may be produced. In fact, we have identified all three antibodies. These three antiserums are indistinguishable from "standard" anti-Rho serum in parallel tests on a random series of blood specimens unless one of the rare Rh-positive bloods lacking blood factor RhA, RhB or RhC are included.
In the present paper, anti-RhA serum from a sensitized type $$Word$$ mother whose child had erythroblastosis was used for studies on the distribution and heredity of the RhA blood factor. A total of 2012 blood specimens from Rho-positive individuals were tested; 951 from Caucasoids and 918 from Negroids. In tests on blood from Caucasoids, a "standard" Rho blood factor was invariably associated with a "standard" RhA blood factcr. In no instance where the reactions with anti-Rho serums were typical was the RhA factor absent or a variant. However, if the Rho factor was a variant, three possibilities with regard to factor RhA were identified. Either factor RhA was "standard," or factor RhA was a variant, or factor RhA was absent. This last possibility rarely occurs in Caucasoids since in our series only one Caucasoid blood or 0.1 per cent lacked RhA blood factor and in that case the Rho factor was a variant.
Among the 918 Rh-positive blood specimens from Negroids examined the situation was found to be somewhat different. While a "standard" Rho blood factor was almost always associated with a "standard" RhA blood factor, in 0.9 per cent the RhA factor was absent. Among blood specimens with a Rho variant blood factor, just as with Caucasoids, all three possibilities were identified, namely, bloods with "standard" RhA blood factor, with RhA variant blood factor and also bloods with blood factor RhA absent. The incidence of Rh-positive bloods lacking factor RhA was considerably higher among Negroids than among Caucasoids, namely, 1.6 per cent in Negroids, as compared with only 0.1 per cent in Caucasoids.
One interesting family was studied. The father’s blood had the "standard" Rho blood factor, but lacked the RhA component (type $$Word$$). The mother’s blood had the Rho variant blood factor, and also lacked blood factor RhA (type $$Word$$). The child’s blood was of the same type as its mother, namely, Rho variant and lacking blood factor RhA (type $$Word$$). Possible genetic explanations for these observations and their clinical significance are discussed.
Nutritional Megaloblastic Anemia Associated with Sickle Cell States
Authors: JONSSON ULFAR , ROATH O. STUART , KIRKPATRICK CHARLOTTE I. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three patients with megaloblastic anemia complicating sickle cell anemia or sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease are reported. Previously reported cases of megaloblastic anemia in patients with pre-existing hemolytic anemia are reviewed. It is concluded that the megaloblastic blood formation in such patients may be due to excessive need for folic acid or vitamin B12.
Studies on the Genetics of Leukocyte Antigens
Authors: LALEZARI PARVIZ , SPAET THEODORE H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A panel of sera with leukoagglutinin activity was obtained from patients who had received multiple blood transfusions. Leukocytes of identical twins presented identical reaction patterns when tested against these sera, although no two unrelated subjects had identical leukocytes. None of the sera had identical reaction patterns with a panel of leukocytes from different subjects. Family studies failed to identify specific leukocyte antigens. It is concluded that there is a multiplicity of leukocyte antigens and that these are not related to erythrocyte antigens. The data suggest that febrile transfusion reactions in patients with leukoagglutinins may be avoided by use of bloods with compatible leukocytes.
Lymph Node Reactivity. I. Non-Cancer Patients
Authors: BLACK MAURICE M. , SPEER FRANCIS D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study is made of the structure of lymph nodes removed at autopsy and at the time of surgery from patients with non-neoplastic diseases. The lymph node structure is evaluated by means of H&E and ammoniacal silver staining. A variety of recognizable patterns are identified and designated as: control, non-immune phagocytosis, recognition, reactive, immune SH and degenerative syncytial histiocytosis. The findings are discussed in terms of antigen-induced reactivity and antibody synthesis.
The Influence of Chemotherapy on Survival in Acute Leukemia
Authors: HAUT ARTHUR , ALTMAN STANLEY J. , WINTROBE M. M. , CARTWRIGHT G. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The longevity, reckoned from the symptomatic onset of acute leukemia as well as from the initiation of treatment, of a group of 89 cases including children and adults, treated in this clinic since March, 1954, was found to exceed that of a similar group of 78 patients treated in preceding years in the same clinic. The median survival of all cases considered as a unit was increased from three to six months, as measured from the date treatment was begun. The change was found to be statistically significant as well as clinically important. The longer survival found in the 1954-57 series correlated with the greater use of three, rather than only two, chemotherapeutic agents.
On analysis, improved survival was statistically proven only for individuals with lymphoblastic leukemia; for these, the median survival was 10 months after the symptomatic onset of leukemia and 7½ months after the start of treatment. Within this group, there was an even greater improvement for those whose leukocyte values immediately prior to the initiation of therapy were less than 10,000 per cu.mm.; half of these patients lived more than 12 months after treatment was begun. The reason for the exceptional longevity of patients with the lower pre-treatment leukocyte values is unknown. It appears that one can attribute at least part of the improvement to therapy.
The type of statistical analysis used presents the minimum figures for improvement in median survival. When the ultimate longevity is known for the 17 per cent of the cases surviving at the closing date of the study an additional small increment may be found.
The relative inefficacy of chemotherapy in myeloblastic leukemia should be a signal for greater screening of new agents in this type of tumor.
Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase and Serum Transaminase in Human Leukemia
Authors: MAGILL GORDON B. , WROBLEWSKI FELIX , LADUE JOHN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Serum lactic dehydrogenase (SLD) was measured in 66 patients with leukemia. Elevated levels were observed in 23 (77 per cent) of 30 adults with acute leukemia; in 7 (70 per cent) of 10 children with acute leukemia; in 15 (94 per cent) of 16 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, and in 6 (60 per cent) of 10 subjects with chronic lymphatic leukemia.
2. The degree of SLD elevation appeared to be significantly greater in the chronic myelocytic than in the chronic lymphatic group.
3. Serial determinations of SLD were performed for periods of from 1 to 82 weeks in 55 patients, of whom 43 had elevated levels at one time or another. Fair to good correlation between SLD and conventional parameters of leukemic activity was noted in 7 (33 per cent) of adult acute leukemias; in 2 (40 per cent) of child leukemias; in 8 (67 per cent) of chronic myelocytic leukemias; and in 1 (20 per cent) of the chronic lymphatic group.
4. Possible sources of enzymes are discussed. At the present time the mechanism of SLD elevation in leukemia remains an unsolved problem.
5. Serum transaminase (SGOT) levels were studied in 61 subjects. Levels greater than 100 units were seen in only 8 patients, of whom 7 had either viral or toxic hepatitis and 1 had terminal septicemia. Other types of liver impairment, including leukemic infiltration, were associated with normal or slightly elevated SGOT.
Recovery of Blood Group Antibodies from Erythrocyte Powder
Authors: MILGROM FELIX , ORELLANA CARLOS , LAYRISSE MIGUEL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A powder from dried human erythrocyte stromata was prepared to determine whether normal autoantibodies could be recovered from unsensitized erythrocyte powder and to study some of the properties of anti-A, anti-B and anti-Rho(D) antibodies recovered from sensitized powder.
Twenty-five samples of unsensitized erythrocyte powder of all ABO blood groups were tested. The amount of eluted powder was as great as 200 mg., representing about 25 ml. of packed red cells. In no instance could antibody be detected in the eluates. This negative finding could be explained in three ways: by lack of antibody production, in disagreement with Landsteiner’s rule; by neutralization of antibody by a corresponding antigen before it reached the circulation; or by immediate elimination of sensitized erythrocytes from the circulation.
The eluate of A erythrocyte powder sensitized with O serum agglutinated both A and B red cells. After neutralization with A polysaccharides, the anti-A antibody disappeared and anti-B remained. These experiments appear to support the theory of the multispecific character of natural antibodies.
Rh-positive erythrocyte powder was sensitized with an incomplete anti-D (anti-Rho) serum and eluted in saline. The eluate did not agglutinate Rhpositive cells, but sensitized them for the action of Coombs’ serum. The mixture of Coombs’ serum with the eluate also produced agglutination of Rh-positive cells. These phenomena are explained as being due to the lack of or the very small amount of ballast proteins in the saline eluate.
Plasma Copper and Iron Levels and Plasma Paraphenylene Diamine Oxidase Activity (Plasma Copper Oxidase Activity) in Kwashiorkor
Authors: REIFF B. , SCHNIEDEN H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The plasma copper and iron levels, the hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration and the total plasma protein concentration were significantly lower in patients with kwashiorkor than in controls of the same age group.
2. There was a significant diminution in total circulating copper in the kwashiorkor patients.
3. Paraphenylene diamine oxidase activity was lower in the patients with kwashiorkor than in controls, indicating that there is a diminution in the level of the active group of ceruloplasmin which contains copper.
4. Whether the low plasma copper found is due to dietary deficiency, to malabsorption of copper, or whether it is secondary to inadequate protein intake is discussed.
A Quantitative Method for Measuring the Gastrointestinal Absorption of Iron
Authors: BONNET JOHN D. , HAGEDORN ALBERT B. , OWEN CHARLES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A simple test is proposed for evaluating the gastrointestinal absorption of iron. It begins with an oral dose of 50 µg. of stable iron labeled with 1 µc. of Fe59, to which about 300 mg. of ascorbic acid are added. Feces are assayed for Fe59 until any single stool contains less than 1 per cent of the dose. Absorption is determined on the assumption that all unrecovered Fe59 has been absorbed. The test was designed to minimize handling of stools by assaying whole specimens, and this process has the added virtue of increasing statistical accuracy of the measurement of radioactivity.
The main advantage of the procedure using a 50 µg. dose is that with it one obtains a normal value for absorption which is about one-half of the dose. This permits measurement of either increased or decreased iron absorption.
With our standard test method, 19 normal women absorbed an average of 62 per cent of the dose and 22 normal men absorbed 40 per cent. In addition to this sex difference, not explained by the difference in their blood hemoglobin levels, there seemed to be a tendency toward reduced absorption with greater age.
Preliminary results of this test in patients with hypochromic anemia and steatorrhea are reported.
Increased absorption of iron followed the administration of ascorbic acid whether the iron was in the ferric or the ferrous form. The concept that ferrous iron is better absorbed by man requires re-evaluation.
Proteases of Human Leukocytes
Authors: MOUNTER L. A. , ATIYEH WASFI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cell extracts possessing considerable proteolytic activity have been obtained from human leukocytes by ultrasonic breakdown or by treatment with surface active agents. Three proteolytic enzymes are present; one with an optimum at approximately pH 8 is inhibited by organophosphorus compounds and resembles chymotrypsin. This enzyme is derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Lymphocytes contain two proteases with pH optima of 3.0 and 5.5, respectively.
Certain Aspects of Glycine and Histidine Metabolism in Patients with Sprue
Authors: BUTTERWORTH C. E. , SOLER JOSE , SANTINI RAFAEL , PEREZ-SANTIAGO ENRIQUE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The administration of serine to seven patients with megaloblastic anemia due to sprue produced a suboptimal but definite reticulocytosis in four, and an equivocal reticulocyte elevation in two. It is believed that serine served as a formylating agent, leading to the formation of CF from THFA. Two subjects excreted normal quantities of folic acid in the urine during serine therapy.
2. The administration of histidine to one patient led to an excessive urinary excretion of FIGLU. Three other subjects with sprue excreted increased amounts of FIGLU in the urine without a prior loading dose of histidine.
3. Since the folic acid co-factors concerned with glycine and serine metabolism appear to function adequately in sprue patients, and since similar co-factors are concerned with histidine metabolism, the urinary excretion of FIGLU by these patients suggests an abnormality of the enzyme which converts FIGLU to glutamic acid (FIGLU transferase). Further studies will be necessary to clarify this inference.
4. The findings are discussed, and the view that folic acid may have a "pharmacologic" effect in certain forms of megaloblastic anemia is considered.
Leukemia in Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Survivors
Authors: HEYSSEL ROBERT , BRILL A. BERTRAND , WOODBURY LOWELL A. , NISHIMURA EDWIN T. , GHOSE TARUNENDU , HOSHINO TAKASHI , YAMASAKI MITSURU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The incidence of leukemia is higher among those closely exposed than among those more remote from the hypocenter. This increase was first manifest approximately three years following exposure. It apparently reached its peak between the years 1950 and 1952. Thereafter, the incidence has been diminishing, but 13 years after exposure it is still higher than would be expected in the general population. The type of leukemia most increased in incidence is the chronic granulocytic variety. No apparent difference in the natural history of the specific types of leukemia in exposed and nonexposed Japanese has been observed. Preliminary analyses of the data show a linear relation between dose of radiation and incidence of leukemia above 50 to 100 rad. Below this dose, the shape of the curve is not certain.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: The Role of Antibodies in the Diagnostic Thrombin Test
Authors: CROSBY WILLIAM H. , BENJAMIN NAOMI R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The thrombin test for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) consists in the demonstration that PNH hemolysis in vitro is increased by the addition of a small amount of thrombin. This ability of thrombin is not substantially changed by preliminary removal of the heterophil antibodies which are present in commercial preparations of bovine thrombin, provided the test is performed in the way it was originally described.
2. Dilution of the serum with saline and the addition of imidazole buffer abolish the phenomenon of thrombin enhancement of PNH hemolysis.
3. Certain commercial thrombin preparations contain additives which inactivate the PNH hemolytic system. These materials are unsuitable for use in the thrombin test.