bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicological Profiling of Highly Purified Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Different Lengths in the Rodent Lung and Escherichia Coli
Authors: Wang Xiang , Lee Jae‐Hyeok , Li Ruibin , Liao Yu‐Pei , Kang Joohoon , Chang Chong Hyun , Guiney Linda M. , Mirshafiee Vahid , Li Linjiang , Lu Jianqin , Xia Tian , Hersam Mark C. , Nel André E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit a number of physicochemical properties that contribute to adverse biological outcomes. However, it is difficult to define the independent contribution of individual properties without purified materials. A library of highly purified single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of different lengths is prepared from the same base material by density gradient ultracentrifugation, designated as short (318 nm), medium (789 nm), and long (1215 nm) SWCNTs. In vitro screening shows length‐dependent interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) production, in order of long > medium > short. However, there are no differences in transforming growth factor‐β1 production in BEAS‐2B cells. Oropharyngeal aspiration shows that all the SWCNTs induce profibrogenic effects in mouse lung at 21 d postexposure, but there are no differences between tube lengths. In contrast, these SWCNTs demonstrate length‐dependent antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli, with the long SWCNT exerting stronger effects than the medium or short tubes. These effects are reduced by Pluronic F108 coating or supplementing with glucose. The data show length‐dependent effects on proinflammatory response in macrophage cell line and antibacterial effects, but not on collagen deposition in the lung. These data demonstrate that over the length scale tested, the biological response to highly purified SWCNTs is dependent on the complexity of the nano/bio interface.
Femtosecond‐Laser Direct Writing of Metallic Micro/Nanostructures: From Fabrication Strategies to Future Applications
Authors: Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Han Bing , Chen Qi‐Dai , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe past decade has seen growing research interest in developing novel fabrication methodologies for metallic micro/nanostructures toward the rational design and integration of 0D to 3D metallic configurations. Among the various fabrication techniques, femtosecond‐laser direct writing has emerged as a prominent approach to reach this goal and greatly facilitates the development of metallic micro/nanostructure‐enabled applications. Here, a series of femtosecond‐laser‐mediated fabrication strategies, including the two‐photon reduction of metal ions, template‐assisted metal coating and metal filling, photodynamic assembly of metal nanoparticles, and selective nanoparticle sintering, are summarized. Additionally, abundant applications in microelectronics, metamaterials, near‐field optics, microfluidics, micromechanics, and microsensors are introduced in detail. Current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also discussed.
Superabsorbing Metasurfaces with Hybrid Ag–Au Nanostructures for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Sensing of Drugs and Chemicals
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhang Nan , Ji Dengxin , Song Haomin , Liu Youhai , Zhou Lyu , Sun Zhi , Jornet Josep M. , Thompson Alexis C. , Collins R. Lorraine , Song Yun , Jiang Suhua , Gan Qiaoqiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractReliability, shelf time, and uniformity are major challenges for most metallic nanostructures for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Due to the randomness of the localized field supported by silver and gold nanopatterns in conventional structures, the quantitative analysis of the target in the practical application of SERS sensing is a challenge. Here, a superabsorbing metasurface with hybrid Ag–Au nanostructures is proposed. A two‐step process of deposition plus subsequent thermal annealing is developed to shrink the gap among the metallic nanoparticles with no top‐down lithography technology involved. Because of the light trapping strategy enabled by the hybrid Ag–Au metasurface structure, the excitation laser energy can be localized at the edges of the nanoparticles more efficiently, resulting in enhanced sensing resolution. Intriguingly, because more hot spots are excited over a given area with higher density of small nanoparticles, the spatial distribution of the localized field is more uniform, resulting in superior performance for potential quantitative sensing of drugs (i.e., cocaine) and chemicals (i.e., molecules with thiol groups in this report). Furthermore, the final coating of the second Au nanoparticle layer improves the reliability of the chip, which is demonstrated effective after 12 month shelf time in an ambient storage environment.
Middle Triassic (Anisian, Bithynian) gastropods from North Dobrogea (Romania) and their significance for gastropod recovery from the end‐Permian mass extinction event
Authors: Nützel Alexander , Kaim Andrzej , Grădinaru Eugen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA new early middle Anisian (Bithynian) gastropod fauna is described from the Mahmudia quarry in North Dobrogea, Romania. At least 22 species are reported, nearly all of them from Tubiphytes‐limestones which represent a microbial buildup. Twenty species from Tubiphytes‐buildup limestones are characterized, ten of which in open nomenclature due to insufficient preservation. One genus (Murchisonietta gen. nov) and ten species are described as new. The new species are Euryalox applanatus, Rasatomaria multistriata, Sisenna inaequistriata, Worthenia (Worthenia) dobrogeana, Worthenia (Humiliworthenia) microstriata, Worthenia (Humiliworthenia) anisica, Marmolatella iordanae, Ladinaticella simionescui, Murchisonietta acuta and Coelostylina micropunctata. The present fauna is one of the most diverse Anisian gastropod faunas known to date and sheds light on the pattern of ongoing recovery from the end‐Permian mass extinction event. It is dominated by Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda and Pleurotomariida both in abundance and number of species. Diversity of Pleurotomariida strongly exceeds that of any known Early Triassic gastropod fauna and suggest a pronounced rebound of this group. High‐spired smooth caenogastropods (Omphaloptycha and Polygyrina) are relatively abundant but for the most part not enough well preserved for species identification. The present gastropod fauna is part of a diverse invertebrate fauna probably comprising more than 50 species with gastropods being the most diverse followed by bivalves and brachiopods. They were microbial‐buildup dwellers while metazoan frame‐builders, especially corals, were still absent as consequence of the end‐Permian mass extinction event. The Mahmudia fauna suggests that metazoan reefs recovered more slowly than benthic faunas.
Advanced performance assessment methods for high‐strength bolts in ring‐flange connections
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Eichstädt Rasmus , Stang Andre 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jörg Lange on the occasion of his 60th birthdayFortschrittliche Bewertungsmethoden für hochfeste Schrauben in Ringflanschverbindungen. HV‐Schraubengarnituren mit sehr großen Durchmessern in Ringflanschen von Windenergieanlagen sind hohen statischen und zyklischen Lasten mit sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen ausgesetzt. Ihre Trag‐ und Ermüdungsfestigkeit sind entscheidend für die strukturelle Integrität der Tragstrukturen. Neben experimentellen Untersuchungen der HV‐Garnituren bieten analytische und numerische Bewertungsmethoden die Möglichkeit das strukturelle Verhalten im Detail zu bewerten und die Entwicklung von geeigneten Bemessungsverfahren und Designlösungen zu unterstützen. In diesem Beitrag wird, basierend auf der Monte‐Carlo‐Simulation, eine probabilistische Bewertung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von HV‐Schraubengarnituren in Ringflanschen durchgeführt. Dabei wird die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit berechnet und der Einfluss der streuenden Parameter auf die Zuverlässigkeit untersucht. Anschließend wird ein analytisches Verfahren zu Berechnung der Ermüdung von Schrauben mit großen Abmessungen basierend auf dem Kerbdehnungskonzept vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse von zwei unterschiedlichen Methoden zur Bestimmung der zyklischen Grundwerkstoffeigenschaften werden verglichen. Die Berechnungen werden anhand von Ermüdungsversuchen an HV‐Schraubengarnituren validiert und hinsichtlich der Bewertung des lokalen Beanspruchungszustands, des Schädigung‐Parameters und der Sensitivität gegenüber Werkstoffeingangsparametern diskutiert und erläutert.
Fatigue of welded joints described by elastic‐plastic fracture mechanics
Authors: Ngoula Desiré Tchoffo , Beier Heinz Thomas , Vormwald Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jörg Lange on the occasion of his 60th birthdaySchwingfestigkeit von Schweißverbindungen beschrieben mit Hilfe der elastisch‐plastischen Bruchmechanik. Die Schwingfestigkeit von Schweißverbindungen wird unter Verwendung des effektiven zyklischen J‐Integrals als risstreibende Kraft berechnet. Plastizitätsinduzierte Rissschließeffekte werden dabei berücksichtigt. Hierzu werden ebene und räumliche, mit rissartigen Imperfektionen versehene, Finite‐Elemente‐Modelle erstellt. Die Simulation des Ermüdungsrisswachstums erfolgt unter Anwendung des Node‐Release‐Verfahrens mit dem kommerziellen FE‐Programm ABAQUS. Zur Berechnung der Lebensdauer wurde das effektive zyklische J‐Integral in eine Relation ähnlich der Rissfortschrittsgleichung nach Paris eingesetzt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Algorithmus geschrieben, um die risstreibende Kraft für verschiedene lebensdauerrelevante Risslängen zu bestimmen. Die damit berechneten Lebensdauern für technischen Anriss wurden mit experimentellen Daten verglichen: Berechnete und experimentell bestimmte Lebensdauern stimmten gut überein.
Multifunktionale Geschäftshäuser in Stahl‐ und Verbundbauweise
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Eisele Johann , Otto Jens , Hüttig Lukas , Trautmann Benjamin , Harzdorf Anne , Weller Cornell 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jörg Lange zur Vollendung seines 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetDer Teil 2 zu „Multifunktionale Geschäftshäuser in Stahl‐ und Verbundbauweise” ist eine Fortsetzung des im Heft 4 des STAHLBAU veröffentlichen Beitrags [1]. Dort wurden die Grundlagen zur Bewertung der Ökologie und Ökonomie, zur Objektplanung und Konstruktion multifunktionaler Geschossbauten erläutert und Parameterstudien zu Deckensystemen vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt von Teil 2 liegt in der Planung und Bewertung von Geschossbauten in verschiedenen Variabilitätsgraden am Beispiel von Referenzgebäuden. Mit der Zuordnung „gering”, „mittel” und „hoch” wird die Anpassungsfähigkeit dieser Gebäude an Folgenutzungen differenziert. Im Rahmen der Objektplanung werden die Nutzungsszenarien beschrieben und Entwurfskriterien für die Grundrissgestaltung und Erschließung, die Wahl der lichten Geschosshöhen und Nutzlasten erläutert. Zudem wird auf Fassadensysteme und ihre Anschlussmöglichkeiten für Innenwände eingegangen. In Verbindung mit der Konstruktion der Referenzgebäude werden die Baustoffmassen, der Primärenergiebedarf und die Kosten der ausgewählten Deckensysteme und Stützen gegenübergestellt. Die Auswirkungen der Systemwahl in Bezug auf die Konstruktions‐ und Geschosshöhen werden im Zusammenhang mit den Fassaden und deren Bilanzierung beleuchtet. Zudem werden der Einfluss der Gebäudemassen, Nutz‐ und Ausbaulasten auf die Dimensionierung von Flach‐ und Tiefgründungen bei unterschiedlichen Baugrundverhältnissen untersucht. Darauf folgt die Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse der Referenzgebäude und der Sensitivität der Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die Streuung ausgewählter Eingangsgrößen, wie z. B. der Rohbaukosten und des Restwertes der Gebäude nach einem festgelegten Zeitraum. Abschließend erfolgt eine Zusammenstellung wesentlicher Untersuchungsergebnisse und Empfehlungen für die Planung und Bewertung multifunktionaler Geschäftshäuser. Beide Teile bilden eine Zusammenfassung des Forschungsprojektes AIF/FOSTA P1118, das durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages gefördert wurde.
Kampo extract goshuyuto for prevention of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation associated with migraine attack
Authors: Kato Toru , Kato Shiro , Sakuma Masashi , Toyoda Shigeru , Inoue Teruo 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTCaseNot only non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but also triptans, called a ‘magic bullet’ against migraine attacks, increase the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Additionally, the migraine attack itself may induce AF. A 66‐year‐old man visited hospital, complaining of palpitation after taking NSAIDs containing acetaminophen, ethenzamide and caffeine for a migraine attack. When pilsicainide hydrochloride hydrate was given, the AF was restored to sinus rhythm in 2 h.OutcomeGoshuyuto, a kampo formula used for headache, consists of four constituent drugs: Zizyphus fructus, Evodia fructus, Ginseng radix and Zingiber rhizome; these four crude drugs may induce multiple interactions. After taking goshuyuto combined with sodium valproate, no further migraine occurred for 3 months and no AF was observed.ConclusionThe kampo extract goshuyuto may be an option to prevent paroxysmal AF associated with migraine attack.
Human–bear conflict in Alaska: 1880–2015
Authors: Smith Tom S. , Herrero Stephen 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe present an analysis of human–bear (Ursus spp.) conflicts that occurred in Alaska, USA, from 1880 to 2015. We collected 682 human–bear conflicts, consisting of 61,226 data entries, from various sources available to us. We found that human–bear attacks are rare events, averaging 2.6/year across the study period, though increasing to 7.6/year in the current decade. Grizzly bears (U. arctos) dominated conflicts (88%), followed by black bears (U. americanus; 11%), and lastly polar bears (U. maritimus; 1%). Although grizzly bear family groups are often involved in conflicts (32% of all attacks), single grizzlies are involved more than any other cohort (45%). Human–bear conflicts occurred during every month of the year and the majority occurred during daytime when people were most active (82%). Human group size was a significant factor in bear conflicts: the larger the group (≥2 persons), the less likely to be involved in a confrontation. Habitat visibility also contributed to conflict, the poorer the visibility the more likely bears were to engage with people, presumably because of an inability to detect them until very close. When domestic dogs intervened in attacks, they terminated them nearly half of the time (47.5%). However, in 12.5% of cases, dogs appeared to have initiated the conflict. When involved, rescuers terminated maulings in 90.3% of cases, but were themselves mauled 9.7% of the time. We offer these, and other, insights derived from this work that will inform wildlife biologists’ bear safety training and public outreach. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Children and the Elderly: Wealth Inequality Among America’s Dependents
Authors: Gibson-Davis Christina M. , Percheski Christine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLife cycle theory predicts that elderly households have higher levels of wealth than households with children, but these wealth gaps are likely dynamic, responding to changes in labor market conditions, patterns of debt accumulation, and the overall economic context. Using Survey of Consumer Finances data from 1989 through 2013, we compare wealth levels between and within the two groups that make up America’s dependents: the elderly and child households (households with a resident child aged 18 or younger). Over the observed period, the absolute wealth gap between elderly and child households in the United States increased substantially, and diverging trends in wealth accumulation exacerbated preexisting between-group disparities. Widening gaps were particularly pronounced among the least-wealthy elderly and child households. Differential demographic change in marital status and racial composition by subgroup do not explain the widening gap. We also find increasing wealth inequality within child households and the rise of a “parental 1 %.” During a time of overall economic growth, the elderly have been able to maintain or increase their wealth, whereas many of the least-wealthy child households saw precipitous declines. Our findings suggest that many child households may lack sufficient assets to promote the successful flourishing of the next generation.
Empirical typology of adolescent personality organization
Authors: Biberdzic Marko , Ensink Karin , Normandin Lina , Clarkin John F. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe concept of personality organization (PO) is central to current psychodynamic understanding of normal personality development as well as the development of personality disorders (PDs). However, individual differences in PO have primarily been studied in adult populations, and it remains unclear whether the clinical indicators of normal, neurotic and borderline PO manifest differently during adolescence. This study aimed to address the gaps in current knowledge regarding the potentially different manifestation of pathological PO in adolescence. In addition, we wanted to further establish the validity of the adolescent version of the Inventory of Personality Organization, by identifying cut‐off points for each of the main dimensions of Normal, Neurotic, and Borderline PO. Participants included 430 adolescents (M = 16 years old) from the community. Cluster analysis identified three levels of PO corresponding to Normal, Neurotic, and Borderline PO. Cut‐ off points between the different POs were successfully established using ROC curve analyses.
How public health policy can be informed by neuroscience
Authors: WOLF ANDREW B. , FELSEN GIDON 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany public policies are designed to counteract commonly made decisions that result in poor health. These policies have primarily been informed by the behavioural economics of decision making. Underappreciated in this conversation has been the perspective from neuroscience, despite its recent success – and the likelihood of future progress – in advancing our understanding of the neural basis for health-related decisions. Using tobacco control as an example, we provide a concise overview of how public health policies can and should be informed by neuroscience. We propose that such input can improve policies by increasing their effectiveness, improving screening efficiency and informing relevant ethical considerations. Finally, we recognise limitations and highlight roles that key stakeholders can play in incorporating neuroscientific evidence for the benefit of public policy.
Charge nurse facilitated clinical debriefing in the emergency department
Authors: Rose Stuart , Cheng Adam 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the development and implementation of the INFO (immediate,notfor personal assessment,fastfacilitated feedback, andopportunityto ask questions) clinical debriefing process. INFO enabled charge nurses to facilitate a group debriefing after critical events across three adult emergency departments (EDs) in Calgary, Alberta. Prior to implementation at our institutions, ED critical event debriefing was a highly variable event. Post-implementation, INFO critical event debriefings have become part of our ED culture, take place regularly in our EDs (254 documented debriefings between March 2016 and September 2017), with recommendations arising from these debriefings being introduced into clinical practice. The INFO clinical debriefing process addresses two significant barriers to regular ED clinical debriefing: a lack of trained facilitators and the focus on physician-led debriefings. Our experience shows that a nurse-facilitated debriefing is feasible, can be successfully implemented in diverse EDs, and can be performed by relatively inexperienced debriefers. A structured approach means that debriefings are more likely to take place and become a routine part of improving team management of high stakes or unexpected clinical events.
The Archival Afterlives of Prison Officers in Idi Amin’s Uganda: Writing Social Histories of the Postcolonial State
Authors: Bruce-Lockhart Katherine 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:Africans historians have recently paid more attention to postcolonial archives, trying to locate these elusive collections as well as thinking more critically about how to use them. Uganda, in particular, has been an important site for reconsidering the role of postcolonial archives in historical research. Using the archives of Uganda Prisons Service as a case study, this article explores how official records can illuminate the social histories of public servants and the postcolonial state. Along with surveying the state of Uganda’s official archives – particularly those of the Uganda Prisons Service – it explores how these documents provide insight into the everyday experiences and concerns of prison officers after independence. Beyond its bureaucratic functions, paperwork served as a site in which officers could negotiate their responsibilities and relationships. Through the archives of the Uganda Prisons Service, we learn about the social worlds of prison officers within and beyond the prison walls, thus better understanding their experience of public service beyond narratives of corruption and brutality. Ultimately, this article demonstrates the ways in which official archives can be used to study the postcolonial state from a social history perspective.
High Prevalence and Frequent Acquisition of Clostridium difficile Ribotype 002 Among Nursing Home Residents in Hong Kong
Authors: Luk Shik , Ho Alex Yat Man , Chan Eliza Hoi Ying , Tsang Iris Hoi Ling , Ng Tak Keung , To Wing Kin , Choi Kin Wing , Wong Andrew Tin Yau 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVETo determine the incidence and risk factors associated withClostridium difficilecolonization among residents of nursing homes and to identify the ribotypes of circulatingC. difficilestrains.DESIGNA prospective cohort study with a follow-up duration of 22 months.SETTINGNursing homes.PARTICIPANTSOf the 375 residents in 8 nursing homes, 300 residents (80.0%) participated in the study. A further prospective study of 4 nursing homes involving 141 residents with a minimum of 90 days of follow-up was also performed.METHODSBaseline and 90-day stool cultures were obtained; additional stool cultures were obtained for residents who had been discharged from hospitals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping andslpAtyping were performed for allC. difficilestrains isolated.RESULTSToxigenicC. difficilewas isolated in 30 residents (10%) at baseline, and 9 residents (7.3%) had acquired toxigenicC. difficilein the nursing homes. The presence of nasogastric tube was an independent risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 8.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–62.53;P=.034) forC. difficilecolonization. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of median carriage duration was 13 weeks. TheC. difficileribotypes most commonly identified were 002 (40.8%), 014 (16.9%), 029 (9.9%), and 053 (8.5%).CONCLUSIONSThe high incidence ofC. difficilecolonization and the overrepresentation ofC. difficileribotype 002 confirmed the contribution of nursing home residents toC. difficiletransmission across the continuum of care. An infection control program is needed in long-term care.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;782–787