bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengolahan Tanah Menggunakan Bajak Singkal Lebih Sedikit Memerlukan Air Irigasi daripada Bajak Rotary
Authors: Budi Artawan Gusti Bagus Alit , Tika I Wayan , Sucipta I N. 
Published: April 2019

This research was conducted to know the difference of irrigation water requirement in the preparation of land using chisel plow and rotary plow. The variables observed in this study include: solum volume, soil porosity, initial moisture content of the soil, water requirements for inundation, puddle volume, and duration of soil tillage. Location used as sample of paddy field as much as 15 point sample for each plow which is grouped into three locations that is at upstream, middle, and downstream. At each location five rice samples were taken for each plow treatment. The volume of solum on the treated rice field using the chisel plow of 2122.00 m3 / ha while the volume of solum using rotary plow of 2096.33 m3 / ha. The initial soil moisture content in paddy field used as sample for chisel plow is 52,98% while rotary plow is 45,63%. The water requirement for the saturation of paddy field that is processed by rotary plow is bigger than the chisel plow is 505.97 m3 / ha, whereas in the chisel plow is 377,11 m3 / ha. The volume of inundation in the rotary plow is greater than the chisel plow rotary plow of 401.33 m3 / ha and chisel plow of 141.00 m3 / ha. For the length of time required to cultivate the soil, the chisel plow takes longer time of 29.69 hours / ha, while the rotary plow takes 14.35 hours / ha. The results of this study indicate that the processing of soil using plows of chisel requires less water than the rotary plow. In the processing of the soil using the plot of water chisel required is 5.07 l / dt , while for the rotary plow requires water as much as 17.69 l / dt .

Keywords: irrigation water requirement, soil tillage, chisel plow, rotary plow.
Optimalisasi Proses Fermentasi Urin Sapi
Authors: Pramana Komang Suteja , Setiyo Yohanes , Aviantara I Gst. Ngr. Apriadi 
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai fermentasi urin sapi menjadi biourin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengoptimalkan proses fermentasi urin sapi menjadi biourin dengan pemberian starter biourin. Penelitian ini memakai Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah tanpa starter biourin, 10 persen starter biourin, 20 persen starter biourin, dan 30 persen starter biourin. Setiap perlakuan diberi 1 liter molase dan 1 buah aerator. Variable yang diamati adalah biochemical oxygen demand, derajat keasaman (pH), total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, C-organik dan total-N. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan starter tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap proses fermentasi urin sapi. Namun proses fermentasi urin sapi dapat dipercepat dari 15 hari menjadi 6 hari, hal ini ditandai dengan nilai biochemical oxygen demand dan pH yang sudah menurun pada hari ke 6 fermentasi. Hasil fermentasi sudah sesuai dengan standar No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Dari empat perlakuan pada proses fermentasi urin sapi, perlakuan tanpa starter biourin merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan electrical conductivity 5670 mS, biochemical oxygen demand 2,8 mg/l, total dissolved solids 2835 ppm, derajat keasaman pH 6,24, C-organik 3,70 persen, N-total 0,13 persen dan rasio C/N 29,63. Namun, untuk kandungan N-total biourin belum cukup memenuhi standar Permenta yaitu 3 – 6 persen.

Kata kunci: optimal, fermentasi, urin sapi, biourin.
Pemanfaatan Air Kelapa Dan Asam Sitrat Sebagai Larutan Peraga Menggunakan Teknik Holding Untuk Memperpanjang Masa Kesegaran Bunga Potong Krisan (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) Tipe Spray
Authors: Mbulu Maria Magdalena Kristiani , Pudja I. A. Rina Pratiwi , Yulianti Ni Luh 
Published: April 2019

This research aims to obtain the best concentration of coconut water and citric acid as a solution to extend Chrysanthemum cut flowers’ freshness period. The research is consisted of 25 experimental units, each experiment was repeated twice to gain 50 experimental units. The research uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with an experimental factor. The factor is a combination of coconut water and citric acid. The concentration of coconut water which was used 0%, 4%, 8%,12% and 16% meanwhile the concentrations of citric acid which was used 0 ppm,100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm. The parameters which is measured are;the flower‘s freshness period, percentage of flower bloom, the absorbed solution and the flower’s color. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the best treatment is the concentration of coconut water 4% and citric acid 400 ppm that will gain 11 days of flowers’ freshness period, the percentage of flowers’ bloom is 65.5%, the total absorbed solution is 177.5 ml with flower’s color becoming very faded and slightly brown.
Keywords:Chrysanthemum flowers, coconut water, citric acid, the flower‘s freshness period of flowers
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bbuah Terung Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C yang Diinduksi Aaloksan
Authors: Rosadi Angga 
Published: April 2019

Terung belanda (Solanum betaceum) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang berperan sebagai antioksidan sehingga dapat membantu dalam terapi Diabetes melitus (DM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak buah terung belanda dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah pada mencit jantan galur Balb/C. Hewan uji mencit yang sebelumnya telah diinduksi dengan Aloksan diberikan ekstrak etanol 70% buah terung belanda dengan dosis 7,5 mg/Kg BB, 22,5 mg/Kg BB, dan 67,5 mg/Kg BB selama 14 hari dengan Metformin kontrol positif . Pengujian kadar gula darah dilakukan pada hari ke-7 dan hari ke-14. Hasil dari pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan ekstrak dengan dosis 22,5 mg/kg BB, dan 67,5 mg/kg BB dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah hewan uji dimana potensi penurunan kadar gula darah mencit pada hari ke-14 dengan dosis 67,5 mg/kg BB lebih baik daripada dosis pemberian 22,5 mg/kg BB karena berdasarkan pengujian statistik yang dilakukan, kadar gula darah hewan uji sudah berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok Kontrol negatif dan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol positif dan kontrol normal, namun kadar glukosa darah mencit masih diatas kadar glukosa darah normal puasa pada mencit.
SCIARIDE GNAT (DIPTERA: SCIARIDAE): A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Susrama I Gede Ketut 
Published: April 2019

Agas merupakan kelompok lalat kecil yang mempunyai kemampuan terbang yang termasuk dalam beberapa famili, banyak genus dan banyak sekali spesies. Agas sciarid yang dibahas dalam artikel ulasan ini di Bali disebut lulut yang mempunyai nilai spiritual dimana apabila ada kelompok larva agas keluar dari dalam tanah ke permukaan tanah maka ritual khusus akan dilakukan oleh pemilik lahan pada lokasi tersebut. Banyak pihak yang bertanya-tanya, lulut itu binatang jenis apa?. Artikel ulasan ini mencoba menjawab pertanyaan tersebut diatas. Berbagai hal dibahas dari aspek entomologi sampai aspek pertanian, diantaranya: morfologi, siklus hidup, habitat, agregasi, migrasi, posisinya sebagai hama tanaman dan juga cara pengendaliannya.
DIVERSITY OF SPECIES CRUSTOSE LICHEN OF Plumeria spp. IN BALI ISLAND
Authors: Hardini Junita , Kasiamdari Rina Sri , Santosa Santosa , Purnomo Purnomo 
Published: April 2019

The research of species crustose lichen was conducted in the lowlands of the Bali Island and was conducted randomly at a height of 0-500 m above sea level. The aim is to find out the diversity of species crustose lichen living in Plumeria spp. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis method. Data collection was done by field observation and specimen collection. The lichen specimens were observed and identified morphologically, anatomically, and chemically. In this study found of four families consisting of six genera and 15 species, namely Graphina sp., Phaeographina sp., Graphis sp., Graphis immersella, G. nilgiriensis, G. modesta, G. nana, and G. conferta (Graphidaceae); Lecanora sp.1, and Lecanora sp.2 (Lecanoraceae); Lepraria sp. (Stereocaulaceae); Caloplaca sp. (Teloschistaceae). The most common species is Graphis sp. (88%).
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF TEMPLE PIT-VIPER Tropidolaemus Wagleri Wagler, 1830 (SERPENTES: VIPERIDAE) IN WEST SUMATRA, INDONESIA
Authors: Kurniawan Hadi , Tjong Djong Hon , Novarino Wilson 
Published: April 2019

Tropidolaemus wagleri commonly known as complex species who widely distributed at tropical areas in Southeast Asia. We predicted that widespread distribution may affect the morphological variation among different population geographycally. This study were conducted based on direct survey and sampling in the fieldwork. The study sites was divided into two categories based on Bukit Barisan range which streching from North to South Sumatra island consist of Padang, Padang Panjang in western part of Bukit Barisan, and Payakumbuh, Dharmasraya in eastern part of Bukit Barisan. In total 21 individual T.wagleri were analysed based on 20 mensural characters (morphometric) and 19 multistate characters (meristic). Male and female was analysed separately based on non parametric statistics Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney U Test. The relationship between population were analysed based on UPGMA tree and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot. The result showed the significant variation between female T. wagleri between western and eastern part of Buki Barisan range. In contrast, the variation has not detected among the population of T. wagleri male. The morphological character which showed the significant value are Head Length (HL) and Neck Scales Row (NSR). The west population of T. wagleri has more shorter Head Length (HL) and Snouth Length (SnL) than east population. Howefer, the west T. wagleri population has more number in Neck Scales Row (NSR) character than east population. The population of female T. wagleri in Padang Panjang has more close relationship to Padang than to female population T. wagleri in Dharmasraya based n UPGMA tree.
The Study on Behaviour and Blood Status of Celepuk Jawa (Otus Angelinae) in Effort for Owl Breeding by Turmeric Powder Supplementation
Authors: Saraswati Tyas Rini , Yuniwarti Enny Yusuf Wachidah , Tana Silvana 
Published: April 2019

Studi perilaku dan analisis status darah celepuk jawa (Otus angelinae) dengan pemberian serbuk kunyit merupakan langkah awal dalam usaha penangkaran. Empat ekor Otus angelinae betina dan 4 ekor jantan dengan bobot 9 g. Otus angelinae, masing-masing dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok K0: Otus angelinae betina kontrol, K1: : Otus angelinae jantan kontrol, P0 : Otus angelinae betina yang diberi suplemen serbuk kunyit 108 mg/ekor/ hari yang dicampur dalam pakan, P1 : Otus angelinae jantan yang diberi suplemen serbuk kunyit 108 mg/ekor/ hari yang dicampur dalam pakan Diamati perilaku dan kondisi fisiologis dengan menganalisis komponen kimia darah yaitu kadar hemoglobin, jumlah eritrosit, jumlah leukosit, pH darah, deferensial leukosit meliputi jumlah sel neutrofil, eosinofil, basofil, limfosit dan monosit, kadar kolesterol LDL,HDL, trigliserida, glukosa darah, SGPT,SGOT yang diambil pada akhir perlakuan. Dilakukan analisis deskriptif terhadap perilaku dan kondisi fisilogis Otus angelinae. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian suplemen serbuk kunyit tidak mempengaruhi perilaku celepuk jawa. Perbedaan perilaku terjadi pada siang dan malam hari selama dalam kandang. Perilaku siang hari: banyak istirahat, tidak nafsu makan, sangat waspada terhadap gangguan, sedangkan perilaku pada malam hari sangat agresif, makan lebih aktif. Pemberian serbuk kunyit dapat mempertahankan status fsiologis normal Otus angelinae jantan maupun betina.
The Antagonist Power of Endofit Mushroom Rhizoctonia sp the Cause of Spoiled Root Disease of Zorgum (Sorgum bicolor L.) in Vitro Manner
Authors: Rusae Aloysius , Metboki Bernadina , Atini Blasius 
Published: April 2019

Sorgum (Sorgum bicolor L.) is a serelia plant which is potential to becultivated and grown in marginal areas. The advantages of sorghum lie in its extensive agroecological adaptability and resistance to drought. This commodity has a high nutrient content, so it is very good to be used as a source of food and alternative animal feed. Rhizoctonia sp. The cause of root rot is one of the important pathogens in sorghum plants. These pathogens can survive in the soil and can also survive in seeds. Microorganism that developed symbiosis with Zorgum is useful for growth stimulation and biocontrol. The objectives of the researcha re toidentify endofit mushroom that developed symbiosis on some varieties of zorgum and to make an antagonis test on Rhizoctonia sp, the cause of spoiled root disease. This research is conducted in several streas: firstly, take the sample of same varieties of zorgum lokal merah,lokal putih,and numbu in Naiola in Kecamatan Bikomi Selatan while the isolation and identification are held in Faculty of Agrociture of University of Timor and secendly, do antagonist test on Rhizoctonia sp. The study on lokal merah variety has found 7 izolats: Aspergilus sp 1, Aspergilus sp 2, Aspergilus sp 3, Fusarium sp 1, Fusarium sp 2, Trichoderma sp 2. Mushroom endofits found in lokal putih variety are Aspergilus sp.2, Aspergilus sp.3, Fusarium sp.1, dan Trichoderma sp.2. Mushrooms on numbu variety are Fusarium sp. 2, Aspergilus sp.2 dan Trichoderma sp.1. Endofit Mushroom from theroot ofzorgum has 3 genus Aspergilus sp, Fusarium sp dan Trichoderma sp. Trichoderma sp 1 has 20,1 % antagonist character.
The assessment of grain quality indicators in spring barley cultivars and lines
Authors: Eroshenko L. M. , Romakhin M. M. , Eroshenko A. N. , Levakova O. V. , Eroshenko N. A. , Dedushev I. A. , Romakhina V. V. 
Published: April 2019

The requirements for assessment of new barley cultivars quality, imposed on plant breeding research, can be very different, even contradictory, depending on the intended use. The study of 13 competitive variety test numbers carried out in Moscow region in 2013-2018 helped to reveal the most promising ones, capable of producing grain with high biochemical and technological quality indicators. The great value for forage use was demonstrated by the samples with a high protein and essential amino acid lysine content as well as a high level of exchange energy in the grain. It has been established that a new forage variety Zlatoyar accumulated the maximum protein content (13.9%) and essential amino acid lysine content (0.52%) with productivity of 7.55 t/ha in different by humidity years. The grain of naked barley dyhaploid form 9h1137 had the optimal nutritious content: 151 g of crude protein, 31 g of crude fat, 667 g of nitrogen-free extractives, and 18 g of cellulose per 1kg of dry mass. It was noted, that those cultivars were characterized by the exchange energy of 11.39-11.82 Mj per 1 kg of cattle forage, and 13.22-14.33 Mj per 1 kg of pig forage. The valuable material for brewery purposes corresponding with the international quality standards has been developed. The Nadezhny variety was selected as well as promising lines 141/1-09 h 746; 85/1-13 h 1067, 181/3-12 h 897, which had a higher content of extractives in the grain (79.9-82.5%). In favorable vegetation conditions, they had grain protein content of 10.6-11.2%, which corresponded with the highest grade of the international standards for malting qualities of grain. In dry vegetation conditions, the protein content did not exceed 12.4%. The edibility characteristics of barley cultivars were evaluated by technological parameters of grain and porridge as a finished product. The laboratory test for the barley groat qualities gave the following results: the grain unit (709-711 gram per liter), 1000 grain mass (50.551.8 g), kernel hardness (42.8-46.2%), groat grain output per 4 minutes (56.5-57.7%), the color of finished porridge (4.8-5.0 grades). It helped to identify the Nur and the Zlatoyar varieties as especially valuable for peeled-barley and pearl barley groats.
Changes in agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem under the influence of differentiated use of minerals
Authors: Artemjev A. A. , Guryanov A. M. 
Published: April 2019

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2004-2010 at the experimental plot in the forest-steppe Volga region. The research investigated the impact of traditional (average) and differentiated use of mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation (winter wheat (reconnaissance sowing) – spring wheat ‒ annual grass – spring barley – bare fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat) on the change of agrochemical properties of leached chernozem. It was established that the six-year use of fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the main indicators of top soil fertility regardless of application technology. On average, in 15 sectors (plots) of each variant, the content of mobile phosphorus per rotation of crop rotation increased with differentiated fertilization by 15.9%, potassium – by 15%, and in the traditional one – by 4.8 and 16.7% respectively, (control of 100.8 and 116.2 mg/kg of soil, respectively). In sectors where no fertilizer was applied, the content of mobile elements decreased by 2-7%. The nitrogen content in the soil directly depended on the timing of sampling and the amount of moisture in the soil, so it was difficult to track its change. The difference in the accumulation of mineral nitrogen between the technologies of fertilizer application was not observed. For organic matter in all variants of the experience over the years of research there was a decrease in the indicator. This was more noticeable in the control, where the value decreased by 2.7%. Here, the value of soil acidity increased by 0.12 units and became 4.7. In variants with fertilizers soil acidity remained the same (4.6-4.7). In general, the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers did not have a negative influence on the agrochemical composition of leached chernozem. There was a gradual equalization of soil fertility due to the residual amounts of phosphorus and potassium on low-fertile plots and some reduction of mobile elements in zones with high content.
«Energosil» in the diets of replacement gilts
Authors: Suvorov A. A. , Gayirbegov в Sh. , Fedin A. S. , Guryanov A. M. 
Published: April 2019

The article gives scientific substantiation of using silicon-containing new feed additive “Energosil” for replacement gilts. The studies were conducted in pig-breeding complex of the Center for Practical Training of Agricultural Specialists in Mordovia Republic. There were three experimental groups of replacement gilts (10 animals each). The effect of various dosages of Energosil (5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg per kg of body weight) on digestibility, nutrient utilization, and animal growth energy was studied. The most optimal dosage of a new feed additive in their rations was revealed, which constituted 5 mg / kg of the animal live weight. It was established that the animals from the first experimental group, who received silicon-containing feed additives of this amount digested the nutrients of the diet better than their counterparts from the other groups. Compared to the control group, the digestibility of dry matter increased by 3.62% (p<0.05), organic matter by 3.29% (p<0.01), crude protein by 4.09% (p<0.001), fat by 4.30% (p<0.01), cellulose by 3.79% (p<0.01) and nitrogen-free extractives by 2.03% (p>0.05).Replacement gilts of the first experimental group, who were given Energosil in the amount of 5 mg / kg body weight in addition to the basic ration, retained nitrogen in their bodies by 17.1%, calcium by 55.9% and phosphorus by 69.7% more than their counterparts from the control group. It contributed to an increase in body weight of gilts from the first group compared to control counterparts by 10.8%. Increased dosages of Energosil (7.5 and 10 mg / kg body weight) also had a better effect on the growth energy of gilts compared with the control group. The feed additive in the amount of 7.5 mg kg of animal live weight contributed to an increase in animal weight compared with control counterparts by 6.21 kg or 4.8% (p<0.05), with a third experimental group by 4.4 kg or by 3.4% (p<0.05). When given Energosil in the dosage of 10 mg/kg, the body weight of gilts from the third experimental group was higher by 1.81 kg or 1.4% (p> 0.05) compared with the control counterparts.
Results of the research of the basic model of multifunctional tillage unit
Authors: Demshin S. L. , Cheremisinov D. A. , Ostal’tsev V. P. , Ilyichev V. V. 
Published: April 2019

The analysis of equipment for basic boardless plowing and surface tillage revealed the absence in the market of agricultural machinery of multifunctional units capable of reliable and efficient performing both types of tillage by means of one machine. The constructive-technological scheme is offered and the basic model of the unit with replaceable working bodies is developed: flat hoes for performance of the basic processing of soil at 14-25 сm with the creation of a mulch layer and cultivator hoes for carrying out the surface and shallow tillage at 5-14 cm. To assess the effectiveness of the basic model of the unit in 2018 in field conditions a research was carried out, during which the main agrotechnical indicators of the quality of soil treatment were determined. Studies have shown that the degree of crumbling of the soil at the basic boardless plowing of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil at a speed of more than 6.5 km/h exceeded 80 %. For shallow tillage to a depth of 12 cm in the range of operating speeds above 7.0 km/h the amount of a soil fraction up to 25 mm was not less than 70 %. The unit stably sustains the working coverage width and the installation depth of tillage. The variant of the unit with a set of working bodies for the basic boardless plowing in the entire range of operating speeds provides an average tillage depth of 19.5-21.0 cm at an installation depth of 20 cm, with working bodies for shallow tillage - of 11.5-12.0 cm at an installation depth of 12 cm. The height of roughness of the field surface after the basic boardless plowing was 20.7-23.0 mm, for shallow tillage – 12.5-17.0 mm. The results of the research showed that the basic model of the multifunctional unit can perform the basic boardless plowing and shallow tillage in compliance with the basic agrotechnical requirements without the use of replaceable adapters for additional tillage of the top layer of soil. The use of additional working bodies will make it possible to form more highly specialized versions of the machine based on the basic model of the unit.
Nipah virus (NiV): a ‘new’ addition to the ever changing landscape of infections
Authors: James Sruthi , Banerjee Indrajit , Sathian Brijesh , Van Teijlingen Edwin 
Published: April 2019

Public Health professionals and researchers always need to be on their toes as the pool of viruses is forever changing. One recent example of this change is the Nipah virus (NiV). This infection is a type of zoonosis, emerging from the family of Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus (RNA virus) and the natural host is Pteropus fruit bat. For Public Health surveillance and multidisciplinary approaches on investigations and therapy and development of vaccines are vital. As with all emerging viruses harmful to humans, an effective system for the detection of infectious diseases as well as for the identification for new causes, risk factors and characteristics in challenged settings is crucial to reduce the disease burden in the population.