bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional Vital Bleaching Using a Thin and Concentrated Peroxide Gel on Whitening Strips: An Integrated Clinical Summary
Authors: Gerlach Robert W. , Barker Matthew L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRapid innovation in vital bleaching continues to expand the number of treatment options available to patients, particularly in the area of at-home whitening. The development of bleaching strips represented a new paradigm in the delivery of peroxide. The efficacy and safety of bleaching strip systems delivering up to 6.5% hydrogen peroxide has been established in numerous randomized clinical trials. In 2003, a novel bleaching strip with 14% hydrogen peroxide (Crest®Whitestrips®Supreme) was introduced. This advanced system carries a thinner but more concentrated gel on each strip, resulting in a relatively similar total amount of peroxide as compared to other strip systems. This 2-variable change, higher concentration gel with lowered gel volume translates to improved whitening without adversely affecting oral soft tissue tolerability and irritation. This paper provides an integrated review of 9 comparative clinical trials evaluating the whitening response (six trials) and safety (nine trials) of this novel vital bleaching system. Efficacy results for the 14% hydrogen peroxide strips were significantly (p<0.05) better than the placebo or pooled positive controls evaluated in the clinical trials assessing tooth color or shade. Adverse events were similar in type to the other vital bleaching systems. Overall, the research of 408 patients showed generally better efficacy and similar to or better tolerability for the 14% hydrogen peroxide strips compared to a selected group of marketed positive bleaching controls.CitationGerlach RW, Barker ML. Professional Vital Bleaching Using a Thin and Concentrated Peroxide Gel on Whitening Strips: An Integrated Clinical Summary. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:001-017.
The Bilateral Occurrence of Dental Caries Among 12-13 and 15-19 Year Old School Children
Authors: Wyne Amjad Hussain 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the bilateral occurrence of dental caries in 12-13 year old and 15-19 year old Saudi school children. There were 673 children (324 boys and 349 girls) in the 12-13 year old group and 734 children (399 boys and 335 girls) in the 15-19 year old group with mean ages of 13.1 (SD 0.7) years and 16.4 (SD 1.2) years, respectively. All children were examined for dental caries using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the diagnosis of dental caries. There were no significant differences between the caries prevalence of right and left sides for most teeth at the significance level of 0.05. Among 12-13 year old children, maxillary first molars (86.5%), mandibular central incisors (86.2%), and mandibular first molars (86.0%) showed very high (p < .01) caries bilaterality. Among the 15-19 year old children, mandibular first molars (91.6%), maxillary first molars (87.9%), and mandibular second molars (79.9%) showed very high (p < .01) caries bilaterality. The conditional probability for bilateral occurrence of caries was highest in first molars followed by second molars and central incisors. The bilateral caries occurrence and conditional probability for bilateral caries occurrence were significantly higher (p < .05) in 15-19 year old children as compared to 12-13 year old children. It was concluded caries bilaterality and the conditional probability for bilateral caries occurrence was high in the study population.

Citation
Wyne AH. The Bilateral Occurrence of Dental Caries Among 12-13 and 15-19 Year Old School Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:042-052.
Vitamin C in Health and Disease
Authors: Bsoul Samer A. , Terezhalmy Geza T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVitamins are essential to maintain normal metabolic processes and homeostasis within the body. The amount of a specific vitamin required by an individual varies considerably and it is influenced by such factors as body size, growth rate, physical activity, and pregnancy. Most vitamins are stored minimally in human cells, but some are stored in liver cells to a greater extent. Vitamins A and D, for example, may be stored in sufficient amounts to maintain an individual without any intake for 5 to 10 months and 2 to 4 months, respectively. However, a deficiency of vitamin B compounds (except vitamin B12) may be noted within days, and the lack of vitamin C will manifest within weeks and may result in death in 5 to 6 months. The current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin C is 75 mg for woman and 90 mg for men, based on the vitamin's role as an antioxidant as well as protection from deficiency. High intakes of the vitamin are generally well tolerated, however, a Tolerable Upper Level (TUL) was recently set at 2 g based on gastrointestinal upset that sometimes accompanies excessive dosages. Several populations warrant special attention with respect to vitamin C requirements. These include patients with periodontal disease, smokers, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly.CitationBsoul SA, Terezhalmy GT. Vitamin C in Health and Disease. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 May;(5)2:001-013.
Occupational Hazards Among Clinical Dental Staff
Authors: Owotade Foluso John , Fasunioro Adebola 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although identification of risks to dental healthcare workers has been explored in several industrialized nations, very little data is available from developing countries. This paper examines the occupational hazards present in the dental environment and reports survey results concerning attitudes and activities of a group of Nigerian dental care providers.
A survey on occupational hazards was conducted among the clinical dental staff at the Dental Hospital of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife in Osun State, Nigeria. Thirty eight of the forty staff responded, yielding a response rate of 95%. Subject ages ranged from 26 to 56 years with approximately 25% in the 31-46 year old bracket. All of the staff were aware of the occupational exposure to hazards, and the majority had attended seminars/workshops on the subject. Only five staff members (13.2%) owned a health insurance policy and 26 (68.4%) had been vaccinated against Hepatitis B infection. All dentists (24) had been vaccinated compared with only two non-dentists; this relationship was significant (p= 30.07, x2=0.000). Fourteen members of the clinical staff (36.8%) could recall a sharp injury in the past six months, and the majority (71.1%) had regular contact with dental amalgam. Wearing protective eye goggles was the least employed cross infection control measure, while backache was the most frequently experienced hazard in 47% of the subjects. The need for Hepatitis B vaccinations for all members of the staff was emphasized, and the enforcement of strict cross infection control measures was recommended. The physical activities and body positions that predispose workers to backaches were identified and staff education on the prevention of backaches was provided.

Citation
Fasunloro A, Owotade FJ. Occupational Hazards Among Clinical Dental Staff. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 May;(5)2:134-152.
Sulphur By-Product: The Relationship between Volatile Sulphur Compounds and Dental Plaque-Induced Gingivitis
Authors: Zhou Hui , McCombs Gayle B. , Darby Michele L. , Marinak K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) and gingival health status, and to monitor the changes in VSC in early dental plaque-induced gingivitis. Using an experimental gingivitis model, twelve subjects between 19 and 28 years old, with a healthy gingival status, refrained from brushing and flossing one randomly selected half of the mandibular arch for two weeks. At baseline and during six subsequent appointments, gingival inflammation (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and sulfide levels (SUL) were measured using the Gingival Index and the Diamond Probe/Perio 2000 System. The Spearman correlation was used to compare the relationships between SUL, GI, and BOP on the brushing (B) and non-brushing (NB) sides. Data on the NB side revealed a stronger correlation than on the B side. Wilcoxon rank sum was used to evaluate the differences between mean SUL, GI, and BOP scores on the B and NB sides over time. Results indicate that SUL were the first periodontal parameter to show a significant difference between sides. SUL were significantly higher on the NB side at 4 of the 6 data collection intervals; therefore, SUL may be associated with the initiation and progression of early plaque-induced gingivitis.CitationZhou H, McCombs GB, Darby ML, et. al. Sulphur By-Product: The Relationship between Volatile Sulphur Compounds and Dental Plaque-Induced Gingivitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 May;(5)2:027-039.
Streptococcal Gingivitis: A Report of Case with a Description of a Unique Gingival Prothesis
Authors: Çiçek Yasin , Özgöz Mehmet , Çanakçi Varol , Orbak Recep 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Acute streptococcal gingivitis is an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa. Specific bacterial infections of the gingiva may be due to neisseria gonorrhea, treponema pallidum, streptococci, and other organisms. Streptococcal infections are seen rarely. This case report describes a patient who presented with severe gingival inflammation and pain that was diagnosed as an acute streptococcal infection. Bacterial cultures were obtained from the lesion, and biopsies were obtained from the gingiva of lower incisors for histopathologic evaluation. The patient was successfully treated using conventional periodontal therapy (scaling, root planning, curettage) and antibacterial agents. The reconstructive phase for this patient consisted of the fabrication of a heat-cured acrylic gingival facade to mask the gingival recession. The treatment of acute gingivostomatitis is of importance because of the possibility of systemic secondary infections. When esthetics is important, a gingival prostheses can be considered. The differential diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of acute streptococcal gingivitis are discussed and the literature is reviewed in this report.

Citation
Çiçek Y, Özgöz M, Çanakçi, et. al Streptococcal Gingivitis: A Report of Case with a Description of a Unique Gingival Prosthesis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 August;(5)3:150-157.
Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands: A Descriptive Retrospective Study of 142 Cases-Mulago Hospital Uganda
Authors: Kasangaki Arabat , Kamulegeya Adrian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, sex, age, and site distribution of salivary gland neoplasms as seen in the Department of Oral Surgery Mulago Hospital Uganda.

Design
Descriptive retrospective study.

Materials and Methods
Histopathological results from the Department of Oral Surgery were retrieved and analyzed for histological diagnosis, age, sex, and site. Records retrieved included those from January 1988 to December 2000. Student's t-test and z-test were used for data analysis.

Results
Of all neoplasms seen in the Department between 1988 and 2000, salivary gland tumors comprised 7.8% of which 77 (54.23%) were benign and 65 (45.77%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent over all. Among the malignant group, adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent of those where the palate was the most affected site. The age range was 1-80 years with the overall mean age being 33.83 ± 18. 83. The mean age for the benign lesions was 26.74 ± 16.0 and for the malignant lesions was 42.49 ± 19.15.

Conclusion
The findings were in agreement with most African studies but differed from studies from the other continents. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent salivary gland neoplasm with both males and females affected equally. More research is needed on specific salivary gland neoplasms in Uganda and preferentially on a regional basis geographically. However, if valid data on the diagnosis as well as age, site, and sex distribution are to be obtained, an improvement in the standardization of diagnosis and reporting of patient data will be necessary.

Citation
Kasangaki A, Kamulegeya A. Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands: A Descriptive Retrospective Study of 142 Cases-Mulago Hospital Uganda. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 August;(5)3:016-027.
Condylar Asymmetry Measurements in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Sağlam Ali Alp , Şanli Gülperi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The relationship between condylar asymmetry and handedness of the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and patients with no signs or symptoms of TMD was investigated. The experimental group consisted of 25 patients aged 15 to 52 years who were referred for treatment of TMD. The mean age of this group was 26.24 years. The control group consisted of 25 patients aged 14 to 52 years (mean age: 26.16 years).

Methods
The formula by Habets et al.14 was used to express the symmetry between the condyles and the rami on the orthopantomogram (OPG) image. Differences between bothgroups and subgroups (condyle, ramus, condyle plus ramus) regarding symmetry were calculated with the Student's t-test.

Results
The mean of condylar asymmetry was found to be 11.11 ± 11.03% in the TMD group. However, in the control group, the mean of condylar asymmetry was found to be 8.36 ± 6.27%. No statistically significant differences were found between condylar asymmetry in both groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions
No statistically significant differences were found between condylar asymmetry index in patients with TMD according to myogenous problems and in patients with no signs or symptoms of TMD.

Citation
Sağlam AA, Şanli G. Condylar Asymmetry Measurements in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 August;(5)3:059-065.
Treatment of Xerostomia in Prosthetic Patients Using Local Acupuncture Points on the Face
Authors: Wang Wendy C , Vachiramon Siriporn , Vachiramon Amornpong , Vachiramon Tharin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Acupuncture is gaining popularity in mainstream dentistry to treat various conditions. This paper aims to present acupuncture techniques to treat prosthetic patients with xerostomia using local acupuncture points on the face.

Citation
Wang WC, Vachiramon S, Vachiramon A, et. al. Treatment of Xerostomia in Prosthetic Patients Using Local Acupuncture Points on the Face. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:133-138.
Flowable Composites as “Filled Adhesives:” A Microleakage Study
Authors: Sensi Luis Guilherme , Marson Fabiano Carlos , Monteiro Sylvio , Baratieri Luiz Narciso , de Andrada Mauro Amaral Caldeira 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the microleakage at dentin margins of a flowable resin composite associated with an adhesive, either light cured separately or co-cured, in Class V cavities.

Materials and Methods
Twenty four recently extracted human molars were prepared with standardized boxshaped Class V cavities of 3.0 mm (mesial-distal), 2.0 mm (occlusal-gingival), and 2.0 mm depth with margins located on enamel and dentin/cementum on the buccal or lingual surfaces. The cavities were randomly assigned into three groups (n=8): Group I – Single Bond + Filtek Z250 (control); Group II – Single Bond + Filtek Flow (light cured separately) + Filtek Z250; and Group III – Single Bond + Filtek Flow co-cured (light cured simultaneously) + Filtek Z250. After being immersed in tap water for 24 h, the specimens were thermocycled (1000x, 5°-55°C, 30 sec dwell time) and immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for 24 h. The restorations were sectioned longitudinally and gingival margins were evaluated for microleakage using a 0-4 scale. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test at p<0.05.

Results
A statistically significant difference at p = 0.0044 between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 3 was observed. Although Group 2 performed slightly better than Group 1, no significant difference was observed.

Conclusion
The use of a flowable resin composite cured simultaneously with an adhesive yielded the worst results in this study. As no statistical differences were seen between Groups 1 and 2, the use of a flowable composite as a means of minimizing microleakage at dentin margins may be questioned.

Citation
Sensi LG, Marson FC, Monteiro S Jr., Baratieri LN, de Andrada MAC. Flowable Composites as “Filled Adhesives:” A Microleakage Study . J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:032-041.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Bacterial Aerosols
Authors: Maghlouth Adnan Al , Yousef Yousef Al , Bagieh Nasir Al 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the bacterial aerosols before, during, and after clinical work sessions in different areas within a multichair dental clinic, an isolation clinic, the sterilization center, and the prosthetic laboratory in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University. Also, the contributions of aerosols generated by different types of dental procedures were investigated. Air sampling using blood and heart infusion agar plates at four selected areas was performed three times per day over a 2-week period before, during, and after clinical sessions. The concentration of total bacterial aerosols was 5 times higher in the multichair clinic, 3.6 times higher in the prosthetic laboratory, 2 times higher in the sterilization center and isolation clinic during working sessions as compared to before the working sessions. At the end of the working day, aerosols decreased 50-70% in all areas. Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest prevalence (37.12q%) of colony composition of bacteria examined. This study demonstrates that aerosols increase during and after work sessions and, therefore, increase the chance for infectious agent transmission. Preventive measures should be instituted to reduce or disrupt aerosols as a transmission route in the multichair dental clinic, sterilization center, prosthetic laboratory, and isolation clinic.

Citation
Al Maghlouth A, Al Yousef Y, Al Bagieh N. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Bacterial Aerosols. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:091-100.
Geographic Tongue: Clinical Characteristics of 188 Cases
Authors: Jainkittivong Aree , Langlais Robert P. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and assess other factors associated with geographic tongue in Thailand. One hundred and eighty-eight Thais with geographic tongue and 188 controls were interviewed regarding their medical history, symptoms, and the nature and migratory pattern of their lesions. Variations in the clinical appearance, lesion location, and any associated tongue fissures were recorded. The age range for the 188 subjects was 9 to 79 years. The highest incidence (39.4%) occurred in the 20-29 age group. Women were affected more than men (1.5:1). The leading group of medical conditions consisted of allergy-related disorders; however, the incidence of these problems among both subjects and controls was not significantly different (55.2% vs. 44.8%). Our results demonstrated a significant co-existence of geographic tongue and fissured tongue. Most of the geographic tongue lesions manifested a typical appearance consisting of a central atrophic area bounded by a raised white circinate line (69.1%) with multiple tongue sites affected (62.8%). The most common locations were at the lateral margins and tip of the tongue. The majority of our subjects (75.5%) were asymptomatic. The results of this study correspond with the findings of previous geographic tongue studies in other populations.

Citation
Jainkittivong A, Langlais RP. Geographic Tongue: Clinical Characteristics of 188 Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:123-135.
Clinical Experience with Parotid Gland Enlargement in HIV Infection: A Report of Five Cases in Nigeria
Authors: Owotade Foluso J. , Fatusi Olawunmi A. , Adebiyi Kehinde E. , Ajike Sunday O. , Folayan Morenike O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A changing picture of oral lesions associated with HIV/AIDS has been documented. With the use of antiretroviral therapy, salivary gland swellings and other less common conditions associated with HIV/AIDS are now becoming more common. Our review of the literature showed the presence of parotid swelling in HIV-1 infection has increased from a range of 5-10% to 20% in AIDS. However, to the best of our knowledge, none from sub-Saharan Africa, which is the epicenter of the HIV infection and where access to antiretroviral therapy is poorest, has been primarily reported in literature.
This report documents five cases of bilateral parotid gland enlargement as the presenting clinical manifestation of HIV/AIDS. The combination of a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, ultrasound imaging, and histological diagnosis increased the accuracy of diagnosis. While two patients had access to antiretroviral therapy, other modes of management were cystic aspiration and parotidectomy. One of the patients treated with parotidectomy had facial nerve injury, and the short-term aesthetic outcome between surgical treatment and antiretroviral therapy did not appear different. However, all our patients were lost to follow-up within a 2-year period.
For a resource-constrained environment like Nigeria where stigma and discrimination is high and access to antiretroviral therapy is limited, there is a need to understand how best to manage a lymphoepithelial lesion in HIV/AIDS patients.

Citation
Owotade FJ, Fatusi OA, Adebiyi KE, Ajike SO, Folayan MO. Clinical Experience with Parotid Gland Enlargement in HIV Infection: A Report of Five Cases in Nigeria. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:136-145.
Emotional Effects of Malocclusion in Nigerian Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Onyeaso Chukwudi O. , Utomi Ifeoma L. , Ibekwe Titus S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the emotional effects of malocclusion among Nigerian orthodontic patients.DesignA questionnaire survey.Subjects and MethodsA questionnaire was completed by 221 Nigerian orthodontic patients undergoing routine orthodontic care at the Orthodontic Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan and the Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, both in South-West Nigeria. The participants were comprised of 97 (43%) males and 124 (56.1%) females with age range of 6-40 years (mean age, 13.82 ± 8.01 SD). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.ResultsAbout 44% of all participants had not yet accepted their malocclusions, while 56.6% of all subjects reported for orthodontic care due to aesthetic reasons. Twenty-seven percent of the subjects were depressed the first time they notice their malocclusions. Over 40% of the participants reported feeling less confident as a result of their malocclusions and about 55% of them felt their malocclusions negatively affected their general facial appearances. Normal activities restricted in some of the subjects due to malocclusion included laughing in public (48.9%), meeting people in public (32%), and forming close relationships (20.4%). The majority (64.7%) of the subjects discussed their malocclusions with their parents, followed by dentists (35.3%).ConclusionThe psychosocial effects of malocclusion in Nigerian orthodontic patients were considerable with no significant gender differences. Considering such factors, professional counseling of Nigerian orthodontic patients is encouraged.CitationOnyeaso CO, Utomi IL, Ibekwe TS. Emotional Effects of Malocclusion in Nigerian Orthodontic Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:064-073.