bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental intravascular hemolysis induces hemodynamic and pathological pulmonary hypertension: association with accelerated purine metabolism
Authors: Bilan Victor P. , Schneider Frank , Novelli Enrico M. , Kelley Eric E. , Shiva Sruti , Gladwin Mark T. , Jackson Edwin K. , Tofovic Stevan P. 
Published: July 2018

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is emerging as a serious complication associated with hemolytic disorders, and plexiform lesions (PXL) have been reported in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that repetitive hemolysis per se induces PH and angioproliferative vasculopathy and evaluated a new mechanism for hemolysis‐associated PH (HA‐PH) that involves the release of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) from erythrocytes. In healthy rats, repetitive administration of hemolyzed autologous blood (HAB) for 10 days produced reversible pulmonary parenchymal injury and vascular remodeling and PH. Moreover, the combination of a single dose of Sugen‐5416 (SU, 200 mg/kg) and 10‐day HAB treatment resulted in severe and progressive obliterative PH and formation of PXL (Day 26, right ventricular peak systolic pressure (mmHg): 26.1 ± 1.1, 41.5 ± 0.5 and 85.1 ± 5.9 in untreated, HAB treated and SU+HAB treated rats, respectively). In rats, repetitive administration of HAB increased plasma ADA activity and reduced urinary adenosine levels. Similarly, SCD patients had higher plasma ADA and PNP activity and accelerated adenosine, inosine, and guanosine metabolism than healthy controls. Our study provides evidence that hemolysis per se leads to the development of angioproliferative PH. We also report the development of a rat model of HA‐PH that closely mimics pulmonary vasculopathy seen in patients with HA‐PH. Finally, this study suggests that in hemolytic diseases released ADA and PNP may increase the risk of PH, likely by abolishing the vasoprotective effects of adenosine, inosine and guanosine. Further characterization of this new rat model of hemolysis‐induced angioproliferative PH and additional studies of the role of purines metabolism in HA‐PH are warranted.
Needs and preferences for technology among Chinese family caregivers of persons with dementia: A pilot study
Authors: Xiong Chen , Astell Arlene , Mihailidis Alex , Colantonio Angela 
Published: July 2018

Background Dementia is a major public health concern associated with significant caregiver demands and there are technologies available to assist with caregiving. However, there is a paucity of information on caregiver needs and preferences for these technologies, especially among Chinese family caregivers of persons with dementia in Canada. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the technology needs and preferences of Chinese family caregivers of persons with dementia with a sex and gender lens in Canada. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted through the Yee Hong Centre of Geriatric Care in Canada. Frequency distributions, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results The majority of the 40 respondents did not demonstrate knowledge about technology to assist with caregiving. Ease of installation and reliability were identified as the most important features when installing and using technology respectively. Respondents demonstrated a positive attitude towards the use of technology during caregiving. Controlling for age, female respondents were significantly more receptive of technology. Conclusions Our findings suggest a need to increase awareness of technology options to assist caregiving in this ethnic population and provide insight for future development and marketing of technology that better align with caregivers’ needs.
In Vivo Assessment of Exercise-Induced Glenohumeral Cartilage Strain
Authors: Zhang Hanci , Heckelman Lauren N. , Spritzer Charles E. , Owusu-Akyaw Kwadwo A. , Martin John T. , Taylor Dean C. , Moorman C.T. , Garrigues Grant E. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: July 2018

Background: The human shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body. While in vivo shoulder kinematics under minimally loaded conditions have been studied, it is unclear how glenohumeral cartilage responds to high-demand loaded exercise. Hypothesis: A high-demand upper extremity exercise, push-ups, will induce compressive strain in the glenohumeral articular cartilage, which can be measured with validated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based techniques. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: High-resolution MRI was used to measure in vivo glenohumeral cartilage thickness before and after exercise among 8 study participants with no history of upper extremity injury or disease. Manual MRI segmentation and 3-dimensional modeling techniques were used to generate pre- and postexercise thickness maps of the humeral head and glenoid cartilage. Strain was calculated as the difference between pre- and postexercise cartilage thickness, normalized to the pre-exercise cartilage thickness. Results: Significant compressive cartilage strains of 17% ± 6% and 15% ± 7% (mean ± 95% CI) were detected in the humeral head and glenoid cartilage, respectively. The anterior region of the glenoid cartilage experienced a significantly higher mean strain (19% ± 6%) than the posterior region of the glenoid cartilage (12% ± 8%). No significant regional differences in postexercise humeral head cartilage strain were observed. Conclusion: Push-ups induce compressive strain on the glenohumeral joint articular cartilage, particularly at the anterior glenoid. This MRI-based methodology can be applied to further the understanding of chondral changes in the shoulder under high-demand loading conditions. Clinical Relevance: These results improve the understanding of healthy glenohumeral cartilage mechanics in response to loaded upper extremity exercise. In the future, these methods can be applied to identify which activities induce high glenohumeral cartilage strains and deviations from normal shoulder function.
Evaluating the performance of gamma irradiated okra fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites: comparative study with jute/PP
Authors: Masudur Rahman A. N. M. , Alimuzzaman Shah , Khan Ruhul A. , Hossen Jamal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, two bast fibers such as okra and jute were selected to manufacture composites taking polypropylene (PP) as matrix material by means of compression molding technique with maintaining 40% fiber content on the total weight of the composites. Investigation was done on tensile properties such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (EB%), bending properties such as bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact properties like impact strength (IS) and hardness (Shore-A) of the composites. From analyzed data, it was found that Okra/PP composites showed very competitive mechanical properties to Jute/PP composites. Non-irradiated okra composite showed the value of TS, TM, BS, BM, IS and hardness to be 32.2 MPa, 602 MPa, 55.6 MPa, 3.6 GPa, 19.54 kJ/m2 and 95 (Shore-A), respectively, whereas that value for non-irradiated jute composite was 35.5 MPa, 629 MPa, 71.5 MPa, 4.5 GPa, 21.48 kJ/m2 and 96 (Shore-A), respectively. The composite samples were exposed to different intensities of gamma radiation (250‒1000 krad) at a dose rate of 330 krad/h and changes in mechanical properties were examined. Both irradiated composites (500 krad) showed significant improvement of mechanical properties compared to that of the non-irradiated composites. Maximum TS, TM, BS, BM and IS value were found to be 41.9 MPa, 685 MPa, 72 MPa, 4.7 GPa and 22.6 kJ/m2, respectively for irradiated okra composite and 45.3 MPa, 717 MPa, 88 MPa, 6.7 GPa and 24.3 kJ/m2, respectively for irradiated jute composite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the surface groups of the composites. Water absorption, degradation behavior of the composites under soil and heat medium were also performed. Degradation tests revealed that okra composite retained its original mechanical properties higher than that of jute composite. The morphology of the composites was inspected by scanning electron microscope.
Development of Health Pathways to Standardize Cancer Care Pathways Informed by Patient-Reported Outcomes and Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Girgis Afaf , Durcinoska Ivana , Koh Eng-Siew , Ng Weng , Arnold Anthony , Delaney Geoff P. ,   PROMPT-Care Pathways Working Group
Published: July 2018

Purpose High-quality symptom management and supportive care are essential components of comprehensive cancer care. We aimed to describe the development of an evidence-based automated decisional algorithm for patients with cancer that had specific, actionable, clinical, evidence-based recommendations to improve patient care, communication, and management. Methods We reviewed existing literature and clinical practice guidelines to identify priority domains of patient care and potential clinical recommendations. Two multidisciplinary clinical advisory groups used a two-stage consensus decision-making approach to determine domains of care and patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and subsequently developed automated algorithms with clear clinical recommendations amendable to intervention in clinical settings. Results Algorithms were developed to inform management of patient symptoms, distress, and unmet needs. Three PRO measures were chosen: Distress Thermometer and problem checklist, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, and the Supportive Care Needs Survey–Screening Tool 9. PRO items were mapped to five domains of patient well-being: physical, emotional, practical, social and family, and maintenance of well-being. A total of 15 actionable clinical recommendations tailored to specific issues of concern were established. Conclusion Using automated algorithms and clinical recommendations provides a platform for streamlining and systematizing the use of PROs to inform risk-stratified guideline-informed care. The series of algorithms, which set out systematized care pathways for the clinical care of patients with cancer, can be used to potentially inform patient-centered care.
The Politics of Devotion: Indigenous Spirituality and the Virgin of Chiquinquirá in the New Kingdom of Granada
Authors: Deardorff Max 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article examines the interplay among belief, devotion, and indigenous politics in the early colonial New Kingdom of Granada. It does so by examining changes in the cacicazgo of Tinjacá in relation to the growth of the cult around the Virgin of Chiquinquirá, whose image perpetrated her first miracle in 1586. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, natives had begun to attend the church erected to honor the miraculous image in overwhelming numbers for Corpus Christi and Holy Week. Wills and reports by ecclesiastical administrators suggest that indigenous commoners engaged with the cult for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, orthodox Christian devotion. Meanwhile, evidence from a seemingly unrelated legal trial suggests that indigenous leadership in Tinjacá may have seen Christian devotion as a channel for activism against the predations of Spanish settlers.
Imaging of anomalous pulmonary venous connections by multidetector CT angiography using third-generation dual source CT scanner
Authors: Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Sharma Arun , Jagia Priya 
Published: July 2018

Abnormal embryological development of the pulmonary veins can manifest as either partial or total anomalous drainage into the systemic venous circulation. Echocardiography does not provide adequate information in all cases as the optimal visualization of anomalous structures is limited by the availability of acoustic window; also it is highly operator dependent. However, multidetector CT angiography, with its multiplanar reformatting and volume rendering techniques, offers precise information about the three-dimensional anatomy and spatial relationships of the cardiovascular structures. With advent of dual source CT scanners and use of advanced dose reduction techniques, this information can be obtained in a short time with minimal radiation dose. In this pictorial essay, we present the multidetector CT imaging findings of the spectrum of total and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections, using a third-generation dual source CT scanner.
INFLUÊNCIA DA MÍDIA SOBRE A APARÊNCIA DE PROFESSORAS DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Gori Mariana , Viebig Renata Furlan 
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar as influências da mídia sobre a aparência de professoras da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental I de escolas privadas do município de São Paulo. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado com professoras de 4 colégios paulistanos. As docentes foram submetidas a avaliação antropométrica e responderam ao “Questionário de Atitudes Socioculturais” em relação à aparência (SATAQ-3) para verificar a influência da mídia. Resultados: Participaram 55 professoras com idade média de 37,49 anos. A maioria das participantes (76,3%) foram classificadas nas classes sociais A e B. O Índice de Massa Corporal médio encontrado foi 26,6Kg/m2 e a média de percentual de gordura corporal foi de 41,9%. As professoras mais influenciadas pela mídia eram mais velhas, de maior classe socioeconômica e com maior percentual de gordura corporal, porém, somente esta última associação se mostrou estatisticamente significativa. Foi observado que quanto maior o tempo de profissão menor o escore no SATAQ-3 (p=0,030). Conclusões: As docentes com maior pontuação no questionário tiveram maior peso corporal e percentual de gordura corporal mais elevado. Além disso, as docentes mais experientes sofriam menos influencia da mídia.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.32667
Entre Objetos da Ciência e Vítimas de um Holocausto Negro: Humanização, agência e tensões classificatórias em torno das ossadas do sítio arqueológico Cemitério dos Pretos Novos
Authors: Vassallo Simone Pondé 
Published: July 2018

Este artigo procura problematizar alguns agenciamentos de vestígios humanos a partir da análise do tratamento dado a ossadas encontradas em 1996, no subsolo de uma residência familiar, na região portuária do Rio de Janeiro. Inspirando-me nas obras de Bruno Latour e Michel Callon, procuro observar como se constrói progressivamente o fato científico de que esses ossos pertencem ao sítio arqueológico Cemitério dos Pretos Novos, destinado ao enterramento de africanos que morreram logo após o desembarque dos navios negreiros, entre fins do século XVIII e início do XIX. O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em analisar a produção do sítio arqueológico Cemitério dos Pretos Novos e os diversos procedimentos através dos quais as ossadas são convertidas ora em objetos de pesquisa a serem armazenados em laboratórios científicos, ora em testemunhas de um holocausto negro que devem ser expostas ao público no Memorial Pretos Novos. Busco analisar as tensões e ambiguidades classificatórias que surgem ao longo do processo que, simultaneamente, objetifica e humaniza as ossadas, tratando-as ao mesmo tempo como objetos de estudos científicos e laboratoriais e como testemunhas de um crime contra a humanidade. Palavras-chave: Representações da escravidão. Vestígios humanos. Diáspora africana. Patrimônio arqueológico.
Existência Assistida: Uma etnografia do “ser” no Equador (Tradução)
Authors: Roberts Elizabeth F. S. 
Published: July 2018

No Equador, a reprodução assistida, seja de Deus, da família extensa ou das tecnologias reprodutivas, é enfatizada como desejável num mundo precário e desigual, com uma rede mínima de segurança social e insegurança econômica crônica. Assistência é a própria base do existir. Em realidades com mais recursos, como parte dos Estados Unidos, as tecnologias de reprodução assistida podem modificar a autonomia individual, biológica e social de casais heterossexuais. Justapor a reprodução assistida em locais tão divergentes demonstra que recursos podem tornar a autonomia mais facilmente estabelecida e a assistência entre pessoas e coisas difícil de perceber. Através da insistência da especificidade de material da reprodução assistida, esses contrastes etnográficos contribuem para uma abordagem antropológica da questão ontológica do existir. Particularmente, a observação etnográfica das realidades materiais dos tratamentos reprodutivos no Equador demonstra que cuidados médicos são um meio de vislumbrar questões raciais. Serviços privados de reprodução assistida produzem bebês e pacientes mais brancos diante de um serviço desmantelado de saúde pública, cujos usuários são, por definição, pobres e indígenas. O quadro analítico de assistência pode ajudar a traçar etnograficamente a constituição de um ser racial em nações com melhores recursos, ao mesmo tempo que permite o reconhecimento compreensivo da interdependência da existência.Palavras-chave: Equador. Sistemas de saúde. IVF. América Latina. Setor privado de saúde. Raça.
Do Que o Nosso Cabelo Gosta: Corporalidade e ativismo negro no discurso das Gurias Crespas e Cacheadas
Authors: Bueno Josiane , Victora Ceres 
Published: July 2018

Este artigo tematiza a construção de novas sensibilidades étnicas no contexto do grupo Gurias Crespas e Cacheadas, um coletivo de ativismo negro que atua no suporte da transição e manutenção do cabelo “natural”. Argumentamos que essas sensibilidades traduzem e são traduzidas por elementos discursivos que compõem uma “gramática étnica”, potencializada pelo grupo, que institui uma narrativa padrão sobre a linha do tempo "individual", valorizando aspectos de uma estética negra junto a memórias e afetos construídos coletivamente. Produtos e práticas capilares fornecem ingredientes fundamentais para a “transição” do cabelo e das mulheres que nesse processo adquirem capacidades renovadas de transformação do mundo.Palavras-chave: Corporalidade. Mulheres negras. Emoções.
Natureza e Cultura: Sentidos da diversidade
Authors: Süssekind Felipe 
Published: July 2018

É bem conhecido o fato de que a antropologia, em suas vertentes clássicas, se caracteriza por estabelecer uma grande divisão entre natureza e cultura, a qual inclui a demarcação de diversas oposições complementares: corpo e alma, ambiente e civilização, fato e valor, animal e humano, entre outras. O ponto de partida para a discussão aqui proposta é refletir sobre esse grande divisor, investigando alguns dos limites e desdobramentos dos conceitos de “cultura” e de “natureza” no campo da antropologia contemporânea. O objetivo é mostrar como esse par conceitual tem sido sistematicamente colocado à prova tanto a partir do contato com a alteridade radical do pensamento de povos não ocidentais quanto nos chamados estudos da ciência e da tecnologia, que ao longo das últimas décadas se desdobraram em abordagens inovadoras da política, da economia, ou seja, das grandes instituições da modernidade ocidental. Em relação ao conceito de cultura, objeto por definição da própria disciplina antropológica, a referência aqui é principalmente a sua retomada crítica a partir dos anos 1970. No que se refere ao seu par, o conceito de natureza, evoco uma problemática mais recente, em que o que se coloca em questão é a ideia mesma da natureza como uma unidade exterior e transcendente, um domínio independente do humano. A questão se desdobra em duas: (1) uma reflexão sobre as relações entre humanos e animais, problematizando a atribuição prematura do campo da moral a uma dimensão estritamente humana, e (2) um questionamento do papel da natureza nas ciências, em diálogo com saberes indígenas ou tradicionais.Palavras-chave: Natureza. Cultura. Diversidade. Cosmologia. Animal.
A potential key role for alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in mediating chondrocyte death in septic arthritis
Authors: Smith I. D. M. , Milto K. M. , Doherty C. J. , Amyes S. G. B. , Simpson A. H. R. W. , Hall A. C. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most commonly implicated organism in septic arthritis, a condition that may be highly destructive to articular cartilage. Previous studies investigating laboratory and clinical strains of S. aureus have demonstrated that potent toxins induced significant chondrocyte death, although the precise toxin or toxins that were involved was unknown. In this study, we used isogenic S. aureus mutants to assess the influence of alpha (Hla)-, beta (Hlb)-, and gamma (Hlg)-haemolysins, toxins considered important for the destruction of host tissue, on in situ bovine chondrocyte viability. Methods Bovine cartilage explants were cultured with isogenic S. aureus mutants and/or their culture supernatants. Chondrocyte viability was then assessed within defined regions of interest in the axial and coronal plane following live- and dead-cell imaging using the fluorescent probes 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide, respectively, and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Results Hla-producing mutants caused substantial chondrocyte death compared with the toxin-deficient control (Hla-Hlb-Hlg-), whilst mutants producing Hlb and Hlg in the absence of Hla induced minimal chondrocyte death. Coronal studies established that Hla-induced chondrocyte death started in the superficial zone of cartilage and spread to deeper layers, whereas Hlb and Hlg toxins were without significant effect. Conclusion This study identified Hla as a highly potent S. aureus toxin that caused rapid chondrocyte death in bovine cartilage, with other toxins or metabolic products produced by the bacteria playing a minor role. The identification of Hla in mediating chondrocyte death may assist in the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the extent of cartilage damage during and after an episode of septic arthritis. Cite this article: I. D. M. Smith, K. M. Milto, C. J. Doherty, S. G. B. Amyes, A. H. R. W. Simpson, A. C. Hall. A potential key role for alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in mediating chondrocyte death in septic arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:457–467. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0165.R1.
Radiographic predictors for bone mineral loss
Authors: He Q-F. , Sun H. , Shu L-Y. , Zhu Y. , Xie X-T. , Zhan Y. , Luo C-F. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives Researchers continue to seek easier ways to evaluate the quality of bone and screen for osteoporosis and osteopenia. Until recently, radiographic images of various parts of the body, except the distal femur, have been reappraised in the light of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) findings. The incidence of osteoporotic fractures around the knee joint in the elderly continues to increase. The aim of this study was to propose two new radiographic parameters of the distal femur for the assessment of bone quality. Methods Anteroposterior radiographs of the knee and bone mineral density (BMD) and T-scores from DXA scans of 361 healthy patients were prospectively analyzed. The mean cortical bone thickness (CBTavg) and the distal femoral cortex index (DFCI) were the two parameters that were proposed and measured. Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were assessed. Correlations between the BMD and T-score and these parameters were investigated and their value in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia was evaluated. Results The DFCI, as a ratio, had higher reliability than the CBTavg. Both showed significant correlation with BMD and T-score. When compared with DFCI, CBTavg showed better correlation and was better for predicting osteoporosis and osteopenia. Conclusion The CBTavg and DFCI are simple and reliable screening tools for the prediction of osteoporosis and osteopenia. The CBTavg is more accurate but the DFCI is easier to use in clinical practice. Cite this article: Q-F. He, H. Sun, L-Y. Shu, Y. Zhu, X-T. Xie, Y. Zhan, C-F. Luo. Radiographic predictors for bone mineral loss: Cortical thickness and index of the distal femur. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:468–475. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0332.R1.