bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color Vision Impairment Differentiates Alzheimer Dementia From Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Flanigan Patrick M. , Khosravi Mitra A. , Leverenz James B. , Tousi Babak 
Published: April 2018

Objective: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is frequently misdiagnosed for Alzheimer dementia (AD), especially in its earlier stages. We characterized color vision impairment (CVI) in patients with DLB versus patients with AD to determine its usefulness in improving accuracy of early diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with AD, DLB, and patients with mild cognitive impairment suspected to be in the prodromal phase of DLB (pro-DLB) or prodromal phase of AD (pro-AD). All patients underwent an online 15-hue color vision arrangement test. Results: Fifty-two patients were included in this study with a median age of 77 years, of which 44% were female. No significant differences in gender, age, or Montreal Cognitive Assessment existed among patients with AD (n = 15), pro-AD (n = 5), pro-DLB (n = 8), and DLB (n = 24). Of the 52 patients, 4 (2 AD, 1 DLB, and 1 pro-AD) had CVI history from a young age and were excluded from final analyses. New-onset CVI prevalence differed significantly based on diagnosis: patients with pro-AD (20%), patients with AD (15%), patients with pro-DLB (38%), and patients with DLB (78%, P < .001). In a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with CVI, “diagnosis type” as a binary variable (DLB or pro-DLB vs AD or pro-AD) was the only variable retained in the model (odds ratio = 9.8 [95% CI: 2.3-42.1], P < .001). Conclusions: Color vision impairment in patients with DLB showed a prevalence similar to the core features of DLB (∼80%) and can be supportive to a diagnosis of DLB versus AD. Pending prospective confirmation of our findings, simple online color vision testing could be incorporated into multivariate diagnostic tools to possibly improve accuracy of early diagnosis of DLB.
The Balloon-Gas Procedure: A Technique for Repair of Retinal Detachments Requiring Large Volumes of Gas
Authors: Kreissig I. , Kamel H. 
Published: April 2018

This report describes the balloon-gas procedure, a technique for obtaining large volumes of intraocular gas. With the balloon-gas procedure a kind of “external fluid-gas exchange” allows for the safe injection of up to 1.0 ml of gas without previous pars plana vitrectomy or surgical drainage of subretinal fluid. From April 1985 to October 1988, in Tübingen, this procedure was utilized in 36 retinal detachments with breaks not suited for scleral buckling: giant tears (nine eyes), large dialyses (seven eyes), posterior breaks (16 eyes), and multiple breaks at different latitudes (four eyes). Follow-up ranged from six to 28 months (average 16 months). Initial retinal reattachment was achieved in 28 eyes (77.8%). Reasons for initial failure were proliferative vitreoretinopathy in six eyes, and a missed break in two. Redetachment occurred in three eyes. All 11 failures were reoperated using segmental sponges (eight eyes) and gas injection (three eyes). Final reattachment was achieved in 29 of the 36 eyes (80.6%), and final failure was due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy in all seven detachments.
Retinal Ischaemia and Relative Afferent Pupil Defects in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Grey R.H.B. , Bloom P.A. 
Published: April 2018

A consecutive series of 40 patients were assessed for relative afferent pupil defects and retinal ischaemia by fluorescein angiography. A strong correlation was found between density of afferent defect and area of retinal non-perfusion. There was an increasing incidence of rubeosis iridis with more severe grades of afferent defects or ischaemia.
Pathogenesis of Primary Internal Ophthalmoplegia after Head Injury
Authors: Mariak Z. , Mariak Z. , Lewko J. , Zimnoch L. 
Published: April 2018

Primary internal ophthalmoplegia is a rare ocular syndrome after head injury. Its pathogenesis remains unclear and it is only a hypothesis that the pupillomotor fibres on the ventromedial aspect of the oculomotor nerve are slightly contused against the petroclinoid ligament at the moment of impact. We observed a patient after head injury who presented with a fixed, dilated pupil and died within 15 hours of the accident. The postmortem examination revealed an isolated group of fibres on the medial aspect of her oculomotor nerve, which had been torn out of the midbrain. This suggests an alternative explanation in terms of partial injury to the oculomotor nerve to account for primary internal ophthalmoplegia.
Epidemiology of Glaucoma in Northern Europe
Authors: Ringvold A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose To survey glaucoma epidemiology in Northern Europe. Results of literature review Open-angle glaucoma is defined here as the simple and capsular types taken together. On this basis open-angle glaucoma makes up by far the largest group of glaucoma in Northern Europe. These are the target groups of this study, and pigmentary glaucoma is excluded because of the small numbers. Conclusion Open-angle glaucoma is less frequent in Southern Sweden and Denmark than in Finland, Middle Sweden, Norway, and Iceland. This may to some extent be explained by the suggested low prevalence of pseudoexfoliation in the southern areas, but other factors are presumed to be of importance as well.
Review of Experience with Retinopathy of Prematurity from the Pavia Registry (1990-1993)
Authors: Bianchi P.E. , Salati R. , Guagliano R. , Traselli G.P. , Rondini G. , Trimarchi F. 
Published: April 2018

In this retrospective study we analysed the prevalence of retino-pathy of prematurity (ROP) and its sequelae in a sample of premature infants with birth weight less than 1500 grams. From 1 January 1990 to 31 October 1993, we studied 160 surviving premature infants with very low birth weight (< 1.500 g) referred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. Thirty percent of these infants suffered from ROP, and 13.7%, with severe ROP, underwent cryotherapy. These latter had very-very low birth weight (<1.000 g) and low gestational age (<28 weeks). Follow-up of 69 infants at 12 months for retinal sequelae, refraction defects, bin-ocular vision and ocular motility impairments gave the following results: 1) strabismus 20.3%; 2) >3D hyperopia 3%; 3) myopia 30.4%; 4) >5D myopia 3.7%. The incidence of refraction and ocular motility anomalies in patients with acute ROP with spontaneous remission was similar to that of unaffected premature infants. Conversely, in the patients treated with cryotherapy the incidence of strabismus and >5D myopia was greater than for untreated infants: 30% vs 15.4% (n.s.) and 14.7% vs 0% (p=0.05), respectively. Cryotherapy was successful in 91.9% of cases and in 37.8% of cases the cicatricial sequelae were limited to peripheral chorioretinal scars.
Instillation of Mitomycin C after Recurrent Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Kraut A. , Drnovšek-Olup B. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of postoperative instillation of Mitomycin C eye drops in patients with recurrent pterygium. Methods Between October 1993 and November 1994, we operated 12 patients with recurrent pterygium using the conjunctival autografting technique, and after the operation patients instilled 0.02% or 0.04% Mitomycin C eye drops two or four times a day for one or two weeks. Results Early complications were 2 wound dehiscences, 7 corneal epithelial defects, 5 reported eye discomforts and 2 glaucoma. Late, there were 2 recurrences of pterygium after 6 and 9 months, one simplex glaucoma, one cataract and one alopecia areata. Conclusions In cases of aggressive or severe pterygia, postoperative use of Mitomycin C eye-drops appears to be safe, effective and acceptable, but good surgical technique, careful observation and a long follow-up is indispensable for these patients.
Pattern of Anesthetic Diffusion during Peribulbar Infiltration: A Ct Evaluation
Authors: Neuschuler R. , Simonetti C. , Gasparri V. , Cantera E. , Ferone E. , Floris R. , Orlacchio A. , Guinetti C. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes undergone by orbital structures during peribulbar anesthesia. Methods CT-thin slices were acquired and 8-9 ml of anesthetic, with a small part of low-density non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium were injected under CT guide once to follow extraconal spreading and diffusion to intraconal structures and above all, the surgically important structures such as recti muscles, orbicular and optic nerve sheath. Conjunctival sack involvement was assessed and conjunctival chemosis was rated. Induced ptosis was evaluated, verifying change before and after eyepressure. Results The results help in optimizing anesthetic technique, above all concerning the site, materials and quantity, and suggest the amount of anesthesia could be reduced. Conclusions The peribulbar anesthetic technique proved effective and safe for patients.
Prevention and Management of Posterior Capsule Rupture
Authors: Traianidis P. , Sakkias G. , Avramides S. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To present the means and technique used in our Department for prevention and management of posterior capsule rupture during planned extracapsular cataract extraction. Methods. Prospective analysis of 550 extracapsular cataract operations from October 1993 to March 1994. Our technique (a slight modification of Blumenthal's technique) included a triplanar watertight small scleral incision, a relatively large continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, or can-opener capsulotomy, nucleus hydrodissection and hydroexpression, use of an anterior chamber maintainer and residual cortex removal through a 10 o'clock side-port corneal incision. Results. Best corrected postoperative visual acuity ranged from 7-10/10 in 93.45% of our cases. Posterior capsule rupture with or without vitreous loss occurred in 1.63% and 2.72% of the cases, respectively. These rates are much lower than those, observed, when we used the sclerocorneal incision and nucleus extraction with external pressure. Conclusions. The combination of a triplanar watertight small scleral incision, a relatively large continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, an anterior chamber maintainer and residual cortex aspiration through the 10 o'clock side-port corneal incision greatly reduced the posterior capsule rupture rate.
Comparative Study of Astigmatism through Superior and Lateral Small Incisions
Authors: Mendívil A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To prospectively compare the clinical results of two cataract surgery procedures through a 4.0-mm incision, differing only in the wound location (superior or lateral). Methods. 168 eyes with cataract were randomly assigned to either procedure. Except for incision location, surgical methods were identical. Uncorrected visual acuity, keratometry and postoperative astigmatism were analyzed up to six months after surgery. Results. Both groups had similar uncorrected visual acuity. Eyes in the superior incision group had significantly larger “against-the-rule” changes than those in the lateral incision group, and differences were significant at all measurement points from one week through six months after surgery. Patients with preoperative “with-the rule” astigmatism had smaller postoperative astigmatism after a superior incision and those with preoperative “against-the rule” astigmatism had less postoperative cylinder after a lateral incision. Differences between these groups were significant. Conclusions. Both procedures gave satisfactory clinical results. Postoperative astigmatism could depend on the preoperative astigmatism and the wound location.
Low-Dosage Mitomycin C as an Adjunct to Trabeculectomy. A Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Martini E. , Laffi G.L. , Sprovieri C. , Scorolli L. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To assess the advantages and adverse effects of intraoperative low-dose Mitomycin C in filtering glaucoma surgery. Methods. Sixty eyes of 48 patients undergoing surgery for uncontrolled glaucoma were randomized to two groups: one underwent standard trabeculectomy, the other had trabeculectomy with intraoperative application of 0.1 mg/ml mitomycin C. Follow-up was at least one year. Results. The success rate (IOP<18 mmHg) was 96.6% in the mitomycin C group and 73.3% in the control group. Mean IOP at one year of successful cases was 11.1 ± 3.1 mmHg in the mitomycin C group and 16.4 ± 6.1 mmHg in controls (p<0.0001). Two patients in the mitomycin C group (6.6%) and six (20%) in the control group needed antiglaucomatous drugs to keep IOP below 18 mmHg. Conclusions. Mitomycin C is a useful adjunct to glaucoma surgery. Adverse effects at the dosage used are mainly due to hypotony and are preventable with two-layer suture. Low-dose mitomycin C may be useful in standard primary trabeculectomy.
Experimental Vitreous Replacement with Perfluorophenanthrene
Authors: Ratiglia R. , Berti E. , Galimberti D. , Bindella A. , Schweizer F. , Marchi L. , Rossi A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. We studied the toxicity of perfluorophenanthrene (PFP), used as short-, medium-, or long-term internal tamponading substance, on the rabbit choroid and retina. The aim was the check whether PFP is tolerated as a tamponade in the eye or damages the retina, and if any such damage is due to toxicity or to emulsification which may stimulate phagocytosis. Methods. Twenty-four right eyes of rabbits operated by vitrectomy were filled with 0.8–1 ml of PFP as retinal tamponading substance. Twelve eyes were operated by vitrectomy and filled with 0.8–1 ml of balanced salt solution as the control group. Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy was done on the third and seventh day after surgery, then once a week. Enucleation, with histological and immunohistochemical examination, was done on the second day, then in the first, second, fourth and eighth weeks after surgery. Results and Conclusions. Histological examination showed progressive damage of the chorioretinal tissues right from the second week: the chorioretinal structure was completely altered from the eighth week. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that glia cells were involved in the inflammation consequent to internal tamponade with PFP.
Regression and wound Healing after Excimer Laser Prk: A Histopathological Study on Human Corneas
Authors: Lohmann C.P. , Patmore A. , O'Brart D. , Reischl U. , Von Mohrenfels C. Winkler , Marshall J. 
Published: April 2018

Background. The results of excimer laser PRK are promising as more than 80% of eyes with up to −6.0 diopters of attempted correction have refractive results within 1.0 diopter of emmetropia. However, throughout the dioptric range some unexpected results have been observed with individual patients showing an aggressive wound healing response with excessive myopic regression and severe corneal haze. Unfortunately, only limited data are available about the cellular and extracellular responses in human corneas after PRK and this information is important to establish adequate postoperative pharmaceutical treatment. Methods. We made a histopathological and immunohistochemical study on 20 human corneal samples from patients with severe corneal haze and myopic regression. The indirect immunofluorescence method was used for demonstration of collagen types I, III, IV laminin, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate, and keratin. Results. All corneal specimens showed a hyperplastic epithelium. Histologically, most samples (16/20) showed mainly a loose lamination of extracellular material which could be identified as collagen type IV. The remaining four samples had newly synthesised collagen type III. Conclusions Our histopathological results indicate that corneal wound healing after excimer laser PRK varies among individuals. In some people epithelial basement proteins, such as collagen type IV, are the main wound healing products, whereas in others mainly collagen type III is found postoperatively, which does not effect the synthesis of collagen type IV. This suggests the need for individually-tailored postoperative pharmaceutical treatment regimens.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Cerebral Hemodynamic Impairment in Type II Diabetes
Authors: Lippera S. , Gregorio F. , Ceravolo M.G. , Lagalla G. , Provinciali L. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To assess whether a screening method based on transcranial Doppler (TCD) examination could detect signs of brain hemodynamic impairment in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with retinal microangiopathy of varying severity, asymptomatic for cerebrovascular diseases. Methods. We studied 86 patients stratified according to the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR: 29 cases), background retinopathy (BDR: 32 cases) and no diabetic retinopathy (NDR: 25 patients). TCD was performed to record mean flow velocity and pulsatility index values in the middle cerebral (MCA), anterior cerebral (ACA) and ophthalmic arteries (OA), at rest. It was also employed to evaluate the cerebral vasodilatory response to a breath-holding test: the maximum percentage MCA flow velocity increase during the test was taken as an index of cerebrovascular reactivity. Fifty healthy subjects were studied to establish control values. Analysis of variance was used to test inter-group differences. The regression test was applied to define the relationship between TCD parameters and age and disease duration. Results. No significant differences were found between controls and the whole group of patients with respect to TCD parameters. However, subgroup analysis showed PDR patient had a significantly higher pulsatility index and lower cerebrovascular reactivity than BDR and NDR patients. This difference was not explained by the effect of age or disease duration, being greatest in patients under sixty. Conclusions. These findings seem to confirm the hypothesis of a silent cerebral microangiopathy affecting diabetic patients, with concomitant signs of microangiopathic damage in other districts.
Hyperopia Correction Using an Erodible Mask Excimer Laser Delivery System Coupled to an Axicon: Preliminary Results
Authors: Brancato R. , Carones F. , Morico A. , Venturi E. , Vigo L. , Spinelli A. , Gobbi P.G. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. This paper presents the results of the first human trial on the correction of hyperopia using an erodible mask excimer laser delivery system coupled to an axicon. Methods. We treated 17 eyes of 17 patients (age range 34–62 years) for the correction of +3.21 ± 1.04 D (range +1.00 to +4.00 D). The hyperopic correction was made using an erodible mask inserted on the laser optical pathway, to produce a circular ablation measuring 6.5 mm in diameter. An axicon was then used to create a blend transition zone from 6.5 mm up to 9.4 mm in diameter. Eyes were evaluated at one, three and six months after surgery. Results. Reepithelization was always observed by the fifth postoperative day, despite the large area of deepithelization (diameter 9.5 mm). Mean refractive error one month after treatment was −2.44 ± 1.59 D (range 0.00 to −6.50 D). Five eyes (29.4%) had a best corrected visual acuity loss more than two to three lines; all eyes showed mild annular haze not involving the central part of the cornea. Six months after treatment, mean refractive error was −0.88 ± 0.99 D (range +0.50 to −3.00 D). Compared to preoperative status, 13 eyes (76.5%) showed an improvement in uncorrected distance visual acuity (1–8 lines), and 14 eyes (82.4%) showed an improvement in uncorrected vision at reading distance (3–7 lines). Two eyes (11.7%) showed a best corrected visual acuity loss of two of three lines. Conclusions. These preliminary results indicate this approach is effective in reducing hyperopia, while its predictability has still to be proved in a larger treatment group with longer follow-up. A cautious approach to this technique is still advisable, especially for higher hyperopic corrections, in view of the large best corrected visual acuity loss seen in two eyes at six months.
Influence of Optic and Haptic Materials on the Adherence of Staphylococcus Epidermidis to Intraocular Lenses: A Pilot Study
Authors: Prosdocimo G. , Grandesso S. , Amici G. 
Published: April 2018

To evaluate in vitro the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to intraocular lenses (IOL) of different optic and haptic materials and design, we used a quantitative cultural method. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), PMMA-prolene, polyHEMA, silicone and surface-modified PMMA (wet and dry) implants were tested. Adherence differed significantly in the various groups, with the best performance by all-PMMA IOL.
A Combined Histological, Immunocytochemical and Biochemical Approach in the Evaluation of Estrogen Receptors in Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Pietribiasi Francesca , Gugliotta Patrizia , Racca Silvia , Di Carlo Francesco , Bussolati Gianni 
Published: April 2018

Correlation of structural and functional data might lead to better identification of hormone-dependent tumors. Sixty breast cancer specimens, sent to the biochemistry laboratory for estrogen receptor (ER) analysis, were studied here by a combined morpho-functional approach. Histological examination of needle biopsies on frozen tissue blocks showed that 12 cases (10%) were free of tumor cells; these cases mostly proved ER negative. On the other 48 cases, an immunocytochemical reaction was performed on the biopsy sections with a monoclonal antibody directed against p 29, an estrogen receptor related antigen. The staining values for p 29 and the biochemical ER findings were significantly correlated. A combined histological, immunocytochemical study seems to offer advantages in the selection of patients for hormonal therapy.
Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kuriyama Manabu 
Published: April 2018

Prostate-specific antigen (PA) has been evaluated clinically as a tumor marker of prostate cancer with the use of enzyme immunoassay (EIA). For serodetection of prostate cancer, PA was assayed in a total of 1,109 sera. From mean ± 3 S.D. of normal controls, upper cut-off values in males were decided as 2.5 and 1.2 ng/ml in Americans and Japanese, respectively. Serum PA values in prostate cancer patients were positive in 78% of Americans and 62% of Japanese. However, in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) cases, a high false positive rate of 41% was observed in Americans. Simultaneous assays of serum PA and PAP showed high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of prostate cancer. This antigen could be used, as well as PAP, for monitoring prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, serum PA levels prior to treatment may express to some degree the malignant potential of the cancer. These results suggest that PA may be useful as a tumor marker of prostate cancer.