bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MicroRNA, miR‐18a, Regulates NeuroD and Photoreceptor Differentiation in the Retina of Zebrafish
Authors: Taylor Scott M. , Giuffre Emily , Moseley Patience , Hitchcock Peter F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDuring embryonic retinal development, six types of retinal neurons are generated from multipotent progenitors in a strict spatiotemporal pattern. This pattern requires cell cycle exit (i.e. neurogenesis) and differentiation to be precisely regulated in a lineage‐specific manner. In zebrafish, the bHLH transcription factor NeuroD governs photoreceptor genesis through Notch signaling but also governs photoreceptor differentiation though distinct mechanisms that are currently unknown. Also unknown are the mechanisms that regulate NeuroD and the spatiotemporal pattern of photoreceptor development. Members of the miR‐17‐92 microRNA cluster regulate CNS neurogenesis, and a member of this cluster, miR‐18a, is predicted to target neuroD mRNA. The purpose of this study was to determine if, in the developing zebrafish retina, miR‐18a regulates NeuroD and if it plays a role in photoreceptor development. Quantitative RT‐PCR showed that, of the three miR‐18 family members (miR‐18a, b, and c), miR‐18a expression most closely parallels neuroD expression. Morpholino oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing were used for miR‐18a loss‐of‐function (LOF) and both resulted in larvae with more mature photoreceptors at 70 hpf without affecting cell proliferation. Western blot showed that miR‐18a LOF increases NeuroD protein levels and in vitro dual luciferase assay showed that miR‐18a directly interacts with the 3′ UTR of neuroD. Finally, tgif1 mutants have increased miR‐18a expression, less NeuroD protein and fewer mature photoreceptors, and the photoreceptor deficiency is rescued by miR‐18a knockdown. Together, these results show that, independent of neurogenesis, miR‐18a regulates the timing of photoreceptor differentiation and indicate that this occurs through post‐transcriptional regulation of NeuroD.
Insights into retinoic acid deficiency and the induction of craniofacial malformations and microcephaly in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Authors: Petrelli Berardino , Bendelac Liat , Hicks Geoffrey G. , Fainsod Abraham 
Published: January 2019

SummaryFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental malformations caused by maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. FASD sentinel facial features are unique to the disorder, and microcephaly is common in severe forms of FASD. Retinoic acid deficiency has been shown to cause craniofacial malformations and microcephaly in animal models reminiscent of those caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcohol exposure affects the migration and survival of cranial neural crest cells, which are required for proper frontonasal prominence and pharyngeal arch development. Defects in craniofacial development are further amplified by the many downstream pathways that are transcriptionally controlled retinoic acid target genes, including Shh signaling. Recent evidence shows that alcohol exposure itself is sufficient to induce retinoic acid deficiency in the embryo. These data suggest that retinoic acid deficiency is an important underlying etiology of FASD. In disorders like Vitamin A Deficiency, FASD, DiGeorge (22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome), CHARGE, Smith‐Magenis, Matthew‐Wood, and Congenital Zika Syndromes, evidence is accumulating to link reduced retinoic acid signaling with developmental defects like craniofacial malformations and microcephaly. Research focus on characterizing the effects of retinoic acid deficiency during early development and on understanding the downstream signaling pathways involved in aberrant head, and craniofacial development will reveal underlying etiologies of these disorders.
Recruitment tolerance to increased temperature present across multiple kelp clades
Authors: Muth Arley F. , Graham Michael H. , Lane Christopher E. , Harley Christopher D. G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractKelp systems dominate nearshore marine environments in upwelling zones characterized by cold temperatures and high nutrients. Worldwide, kelp population persistence and recruitment success generally decreases with rising water temperatures coupled with low nutrients, making kelp populations vulnerable to impending warming of the oceans. This response to climate change at a global scale, however, may vary due to regional differences in temperature variability, acclimation, and differential responses of kelp species to changing conditions. Culture experiments were conducted on 12 eastern Pacific kelp taxa across geographic regions (British Columbia, central California, and southern California) under three nitrate levels (1, 5, and 10 μmol/L) and two temperatures (12°C and 18°C) to determine sporophyte production (i.e., recruitment success). For all taxa from all locations, sporophytes were always present in the 12°C treatment and when recruitment failure was observed, it always occurred at 18°C, regardless of nitrate level, indicating that temperature is the driving factor limiting recruitment, not nitrate. Rising ocean temperatures will undoubtedly cause recruitment failure for many kelp species; however, the ability of species to acclimatize or adapt to increased temperatures at the warmer edge of their species range may promote a resiliency of kelp systems to climate change at a global scale.
Postlaryngectomy prosthetic voice rehabilitation outcomes in a consecutive cohort of 232 patients over a 13‐year period
Authors: Petersen Japke F. , Lansaat Liset , Timmermans Adriana J. , van der Noort Vincent , Hilgers Frans J. M. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing necessity for total laryngectomy (TL) after prior (chemo)radiotherapy, prosthetic vocal rehabilitation outcomes might have changed.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including all patients laryngectomized between 2000 and 2012 with a voice prosthesis (VP) in the Netherlands Cancer Institute.ResultsMedian device lifetimes of the standard Provox2 and Vega VPs are 63 and 66 days, respectively, and for the problem‐solving ActiValve Light and Strong VPs 143 and 186 days, respectively. In multivariable analysis, salvage TL and TL for a dysfunctional larynx (compared to primary TL) were associated with a shorter device lifetime. Almost half of the patients (48%) experienced tracheoesophageal puncture tract‐related problems, and this concerned 12% of all VP replacements.ConclusionsCompared to historical cohorts, device lifetimes of regular Provox2 and Vega voice prostheses have decreased. Complications are not occurring more frequently but affect more patients. Nevertheless, the clinical reliability and validity of prosthetic voice rehabilitation is still sound.
Head and neck cancer PEG site metastases: Association with PEG placement method
Authors: Montes de Oca Mary K. , Nye Anthony , Porter Caroline , Collins Justin , Satterfield Corey , Schammel Christine M. G. , Trocha Steven D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) will require feeding tube placement for nutritional support using percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Rarely, HNC metastases have been reported at the PEG site, a morbidity associated with a poor outcome.MethodsAlong with a case report, an evaluation of PEG placement methods with metastases from the literature was completed along with a statistical analysis of the literature to determine PEG site metastases and method of placement correlations.ResultsThe incidence of PEG metastases in patients with HNC with the “pull” method is statistically identical to that of patients receiving any other method for PEG placement.ConclusionsWhen considering options for the placement of PEG tubes in patients with HNC, the “pull” method should not be considered as a technique which will put patients at risk for PEG site metastases more than any other method of placement.
Visibility in community health work mediated by mobile health systems: A case of Malawi
Authors: Namatovu Esther , Kanjo Chipo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe paper explores how community health work becomes visible to different actors in the health system through a mobile health system. Community health work is confined in places of physical settings for many mobile and distributed workers. These places create social meanings and significance in which work is situated and yet blurry to the rest of the health system. An in‐depth interpretive case study of a mobile health system designed to support decision‐making in maternal and infant care for community health workers (CHWs) referred to as health surveillance assistants (HSAs) in Malawi showed how the system was implicated in work visibility. In our empirical findings, we uncover work aspects like work interactions, collaboration, coordination, surveillance among others that flow through place and space hence becoming visible to different actors. This visibility had implications for work coherence among colleagues, work identity affirmation and recognition in the community, and control from superiors. We contribute to ICT4D research by focusing on the micro perspective of work visibility, treating visibility as negotiated in work. We also make practical contributions by highlighting the implications of visibility and draw recommendations for system design to have intricate knowledge of work and other related dynamics in work.
Determining butanol inhibition kinetics on the growth of Clostridium pasteurianum based on continuous operation and pulse substrate additions
Authors: Kalafatakis Stavros , Skiadas Ioannis V , Gavala Hariklia N 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDClostridium pasteurianum is a well described strain for the conversion of glycerol into butanol. In general, cell growth kinetics depends on the type of glycerol used and the concentration of butanol in the fermentation broth. However, despite the numerous studies existing on the subject, there is limited information in the literature regarding growth inhibition kinetics due to the cytotoxic effect of butanol on cell growth. This can be attributed to the difficulty of growing cells at high butanol concentration which renders the determination of inhibition kinetics a rather challenging task.RESULTSDuring this study a new approach for the determination of butanol inhibition kinetics on the growth of C. pasteurianum was tested. Specifically, pulses of crude glycerol were applied when steady state was reached during continuous fermentation experiments with increasing butanol concentration in the feed. Combining pulse experiments with batch fermentation at low substrate concentration allowed for accurate determination of the kinetic constants for inhibited growth. This approach also minimized the correlation of the growth constants which often leads to poor identifiability.CONCLUSIONThe proposed experimental approach showed good identifiability of the kinetic parameters for butanol inhibition of the microbial growth and can be proven valuable for the determination of inhibitory effects of highly toxic compounds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
On investigations of refractive indices and birefringence of fiber using duplicate and non‐duplicate micro‐interferograms of double refracting interferometer
Authors: El‐Morsy Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe formula of refractive index of fiber considering the refraction has been reviewed. This formula is used to investigate the effect of refraction on the accuracy of refractive index calculations with different simulated micro‐interferograms of duplicate interference fringes with different fringe shifts order. Also a more accurate formula to calculate the birefringence from the non‐duplicate interference fringes has been derived and tested to calculate the birefringence of simulated and experiment micro‐interferogram. The presented micro‐interferograms were automatically analyzed and the contour lines of the bright fringes were determined using Fourier transform technique. A prepared software program takes the contour line of the fringes and automatically calculate the refractive index, the radius, and the birefringence of fiber. A good result was obtained in case of using immersion liquid matches between the parallel and perpendicular refractive indices of fiber.
Formula of refractive index of fiber considering the refraction has been reviewed.
The refraction effect on the accuracy of refractive index calculations was presented.
More accurate Formula to calculate the birefringence of fiber was derived.
Automatic fringe analysis was done for duplicate and non‐duplicate fringes.
The contour line of the fringe used directly to calculate the birefringence of fiber.
Novel contribution to clubfoot pathogenesis: The possible role of extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Eckhardt Adam , Novotny Tomas , Doubkova Martina , Hronkova Lucia , Vajner Ludek , Pataridis Statis , Hadraba Daniel , Kulhava Lucie , Plencner Martin , Knitlova Jarmila , Liskova Jana , Uhlik Jiri , Zaloudikova Marie , Vondrasek David , Miksik Ivan , Ostadal Martin 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIdiopathic pes equinovarus (clubfoot) is a congenital deformity of the feet and lower legs. Clubfoot belongs to a group of fibro‐proliferative disorders but its origin remains unknown. Our study aimed to achieve the first complex proteomic comparison of clubfoot contracted tissue of the foot (medial side; n = 16), with non‐contracted tissue (lateral side; n = 13). We used label‐free mass spectrometry quantification and immunohistochemistry. Seven proteins were observed to be significantly upregulated in the medial side (asporin, collagen type III, V, and VI, versican, tenascin‐C, and transforming growth factor beta induced protein) and four in the lateral side (collagen types XII and XIV, fibromodulin, and cartilage intermediate layer protein 2) of the clubfoot. Comparison of control samples from cadavers brought only two different protein concentrations (collagen types I and VI). We also revealed pathological calcification and intracellular positivity of transforming growth factor beta only in the contracted tissue of clubfoot. Most of the 11 differently expressed proteins are strongly related to the extracellular matrix architecture and we assume that they may play specific roles in the pathogenesis of this deformity. These proteins seem to be promising targets for future investigations and treatment of this disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Flattened‐Top Domical Droplet Formed by a Poly(pyrrole) Membrane
Authors: Kim Hyejeong , Kim Kiwoong , Lee Sang Joon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) is a promising conductive polymer (CP) with electrical versatility, easy synthesis and functionalization, stability, and biocompatibility. Diverse architectures have been adopted to improve PPy performance, but the direct and precise patterning of various architectures remains challenging. Here, the unique formation of a PPy membrane on the air/water interface of a droplet solution containing ammonium persulfate and phytic acid is investigated. When a PPy thin film forms on the air/water interface, the top of the droplet rapidly flattens. The formation procedure and final structure of the PPy thin film are visualized and quantitatively investigated. Unlike the typical globular structure of PPy, the self‐assembled PPy film surface fabricated in this study is very organized and regularly shaped. This well‐ordered membrane may have a very high buckling strength greater than the surface tension of the solution. The proposed precise fabrication method is simple and inexpensive for fabricating patterned functional membranes. These results provide new insight into the fabrication of CP and their applications in various practical electromaterial engineering fields.
Dissecting the performance of YouTube video streaming in mobile networks
Authors: Schwind Anika , Midoglu Cise , Alay Özgü , Griwodz Carsten , Wamser Florian 
Published: January 2019

SummaryVideo streaming applications constitute a significant portion of the Internet traffic today, with mobile accounting for more than half of the online video views. The high share of video in the current Internet traffic mix has prompted many studies that examine video streaming through measurements. However, streaming performance depends on many different factors at different layers of the TCP/IP stack. For example, browser selection at the application layer or the choice of protocol in transport layer can have significant impact on the video performance. Furthermore, video performance heavily depends on the underlying network conditions (eg, network and link layers). For mobile networks, the conditions vary significantly, since each operator has a different deployment strategy and configuration. In this paper, we focus on YouTube and carry out a comprehensive study investigating the influence of different factors on streaming performance. Leveraging the Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe (MONROE) test bed that enables experimentation with 13 different network configurations in four countries, we collect more than 1800 measurement samples in operational mobile networks. With this campaign, our goal is to quantify the impact of parameters from different layers on YouTube's streaming quality of experience (QoE). More specifically, we analyze the role of the browser (eg, Firefox and Chrome), the impact of transport protocol (eg, TCP or QUIC), the influence of network bandwidth, and signal coverage on streaming QoE. Our analysis reveals that all these parameters need to be taken into account jointly for network management practices, in order to ensure a high end‐user experience.
State‐of‐the‐Art and Trends in Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Quantum Dots‐Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Alizadeh‐Ghodsi Mohammadreza , Pourhassan‐Moghaddam Mohammad , Zavari‐Nematabad Ali , Walker Brian , Annabi Nasim , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) with a nanoscale size range have attracted significant attention in various areas of nanotechnology due to their unique properties. Different strategies for the synthesis of QD nanoparticles are reported in which various factors, such as size, impurities, shape, and crystallinity, affect the QDs fundamental properties. Consequently, to obtain QDs with appropriate physical properties, it is required to select a synthesis method which allows enough control over the surface chemistry of QDs through fine‐tuning of the synthesis parameters. Moreover, QDs nanocrystals are recently used in multidisciplinary research integrated with biological interfaces. The state‐of‐the‐art methods for synthesizing QDs and bioconjugation strategies to provide insight into various applications of these nanomaterials are discussed herein.
Unexpected Oxidation Reaction of 1,6‐Diarylpyrene withCu(BF4)2⋅nH2O Affording Pyrenequinones
Authors: Yamashita Ken‐ichi , Nishimoto Kazuaki , Sugiura Ken‐ichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe oxidation reactions of 1,6‐diarylpyrene 1 with Cu(BF4)2⋅nH2O were systematically studied, the aim of which was to obtain structurally well‐defined 1,6‐pyrenylenes. In marked contrast to the behaviors of the parent molecule and the previously studied molecule, pyrene and 2‐alkylpyrene, respectively, no oligomeric product was detected and instead, three highly colored products, A, B, and C were formed. Spectroscopic and preliminary diffraction studies revealed these products to be the derivatives of 1,6‐pyrenequinone (16PQ), 18PQ, and furan annulated 16PQ, respectively. A is the normal product of the oxidation reaction of 1. B has an abnormal rearrangement of one aryl group. C is formed from B by the intramolecular ring closing reaction of the aryl group. A reaction mechanism was proposed with consideration given to the stabilization of the cation radical intermediates by the aryl groups.
Negative effects of acorns on the wood mouse Apodemus speciosus
Authors: Shimada Takuya , Saitoh Takashi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAntinutritional effects of acorns and tannic acid on the Japanese wood mouse Apodemus speciosus were examined in the laboratory. The first feeding experiment was conducted for 15 days using three types of diet: control diet (laboratory chow for mice), acorns of Quercus serrata (QS), and acorns of Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata (QM), which differ in tannin content (control, tannin free; QS, 2.7% tannic acid equivalent; QM, 8.5%). Six and one of eight mice died in the QM and QS groups, respectively, whereas all mice survived in good health in the control group. Body weight in the QM and QS groups decreased as much as 23.6% and 16.8% in the first 5 days, respectively, whereas that in the control group did not change significantly. Dry matter intake in the QM group was 50.0% and 38.7% less than that in the control and QS, respectively. Apparent dry matter digestibility was not different among the diets, but apparent nitrogen digestibility did differ between the two acorn groups (QM, −17.5%; QS, 12.0%). The logistic regression analyses revealed that the survival of mice was synergistically influenced by both dry matter intake and apparent nitrogen digestibility. In the second experiment, wood mice fed the tannin‐free formula diet, which is nutritionally matched to QS and QM acorns except for the tannin, did not suffer antinutritional effects, whereas mice fed the tannin‐supplemented formula diets suffered body weight loss and negative nitrogen digestibility. These results indicate that the tannins in acorns could cause serious damage to the wood mouse, which may rely on acorns as a usual diet. Plausible hypotheses explaining how the wood mice could overcome the deleterious effects of the acorns are discussed.
The role of gravity in the prediction of the circular hydraulic jump radius for high-viscosity liquids
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Khayat Roger E. 
Published: January 2019

The free-surface flow formed by a circular jet impinging on a stationary disk is analysed theoretically. We develop a simple and coherent model to predict the location and height of the jump for high-viscosity liquids. The study explores the effect of gravity in the supercritical flow. The formulation reduces to a problem, involving only one parameter: $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=Re^{1/3}Fr^{2}$, where $Re$ and $Fr$ are the Reynolds and Froude numbers based on the flow rate and the jet radius. We show that the jump location coincides with the singularity in the thin-film equation when gravity is included, suggesting that the jump location can be determined without the knowledge of downstream flow conditions such as the jump height, the radius of the disk, which corroborates earlier observations in the case of type I circular hydraulic jumps. Consequently, there is no need for a boundary condition downstream to determine the jump radius. Our results corroborate well existing measurements and numerical simulation. Our predictions also confirm the constancy of the Froude number $Fr_{J}$ based on the jump radius and height as suggested by the measurements of Duchesne et al. (Europhys. Lett., vol. 107, 2014, 54002). We establish theoretically the conditions for $Fr_{J}$ to remain independent of the flow rate. The subcritical flow and the height of the hydraulic jump are sought subject to the thickness at the edge of the disk, comprising contributions based on the capillary length and minimum flow energy. The thickness at the edge of the disk appears to be negligibly small for high-viscosity liquids.