bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of ICD‐10‐CM code assignment validity for case finding of outpatient anticoagulant‐related bleeding among Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Shehab Nadine , Ziemba Robert , Campbell Kyle N. , Geller Andrew I. , Moro Ruth N. , Gage Brian F. , Budnitz Daniel S. , Yang Tsu‐Hsuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo assess performance of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) code assignments for identifying bleeding events resulting in emergency department visits and hospitalizations among outpatient Medicare beneficiaries prescribed anticoagulants.MethodsPerformance of 206 ICD‐10‐CM code assignments indicative of bleeding, five anticoagulant adverse effect/poisoning codes, and five coagulopathy codes (according to Medicare Parts A and B claims) as assessed among Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries prescribed anticoagulants between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2016 (according to Part D claims). Structured medical record review was the gold standard for validating the presence of anticoagulant‐related bleeding. Sensitivity was adjusted to correct for partial verification bias due to sampling design.ResultsBased on the study sample of 1166 records (583 cases, 583 controls), 57 of 206 codes yielded the optimal performance for anticoagulant‐related bleeding (diagnostic odds ratio, 51; positive predictive value (PPV), 75.7% [95% CI, 72.0%‐79.1%]; adjusted sensitivity, 70.0% [95% CI, 63.2%‐77.7%]). Codes for intracranial bleeding demonstrated the highest PPV (85.0%) and adjusted sensitivity (91.0%). Bleeding codes in the primary position demonstrated high PPV (86.9%), but low adjusted sensitivity (36.0%). The adjusted sensitivity improved to 69.5% when codes in a secondary position were added. Only one adverse effect/poisoning code was used, appearing in 7.8% of cases and controls (PPV, 71.4% and adjusted sensitivity, 6.8%).ConclusionsPerformance of ICD‐10‐CM code assignments for bleeding among patients prescribed anticoagulants varied by bleed type and code position. Adverse effect/poisoning codes were not commonly used and would have missed over 90% of anticoagulant‐related bleeding cases.
Regional variations in longitudinal pulmonary function: A comparison of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic subjects with cystic fibrosis in the United States
Authors: McGarry Meghan E. , Neuhaus John M. , Nielson Dennis W. , Ly Ngoc P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundHispanic subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) have increased morbidity and mortality than non‐Hispanic white subjects. The ethnic disparity in mortality varies by region. Factors influencing pulmonary function vary by both ethnicity and region.ObjectiveTo determine if the ethnic difference in pulmonary function varies by region.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compared differences in longitudinal pulmonary function (percent‐predicted forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% [FEF25‐75], FEV1/FVC, and FEV1 decline) between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white subjects with CF by Census region of the United States (West, South, Midwest, and Northeast). Subjects were of ages 6 to 25 years and in the CF Foundation Patient Registry from 2008 to 2013. We used linear mixed effects models with subject‐specific slopes and intercepts, adjusting for 14 demographic and clinical variables.ResultsOf 14 932 subjects, 1433 (9.6%) were Hispanic and 13 499 (90.4%) were non‐Hispanic white. Hispanic subjects’ FEV1 was 9.0% (8.3%‐9.8%) lower than non‐Hispanic white subjects in the West, while Hispanic subjects’ FEV1 was only 4.0% (3.0%‐5.0%) lower in the Midwest, 4.4% (3.1%‐5.7%) lower in the Northeast, and 4.4% (3.2%‐5.5%) lower in the South. Similarly, FVC and FEF25‐75 were lower among Hispanic subjects compared to non‐Hispanic white subjects in all US regions, with the biggest differences in the West. Only in the West was FEV1/FVC significantly lower in Hispanic subjects (−0.019; −0.022 to −0.015). FEV1 decline was not significantly different between ethnicities in any region.ConclusionsIn CF, Hispanic subjects have lower pulmonary function than non‐Hispanic white subjects in all geographic regions with the largest difference in occurring in the West.
Open Problems on Classical de Sitter Solutions
Authors: Andriot David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClassical 10d string backgrounds with a 4d de Sitter space‐time, D‐brane and orientifold sources, are commonly believed to satisfy the following:
There is no classical de Sitter solution with parallel sources.
Classical de Sitter solutions with intersecting sources are unstable.
Classical de Sitter solutions cannot have at the same time a large internal volume, a small string coupling, a bounded number of orientifolds and quantized fluxes.

These three conjectures are of particular relevance to the swampland program, and if true, they challenge the connection of string theory to cosmology. We restrict here to a standard solution ansatz for which the problem is well‐defined, and we still fail to prove analytically any of these conjectures. While developing new tools and obtaining new constraints, we identify remaining corners of parameter space where counter‐examples to these conjectures could be found.
Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal
Authors: Zhang Lehua , Yin Di , Zhai Shengyong , Liu Yiyang , Dou Chen , Chen Peng , Huang Guangtuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe electrocatalytic activities of a series of copper alloys, Cu/Ni/Zn (Cu60Ni15Zn25) and Cu/Zn (Cu62Zn38), toward the reduction of nitrate were investigated, in comparison with that of pure copper. Electrochemical analysis showed that the copper alloy electrode exhibited higher electrochemical reduction rate of nitrate. The extreme difference (R) between the orthogonal experiments revealed that the concentration was the main determinant of the removal percentage, followed by the current density and electrolyte concentration, while the impact of the initial pH was minimal. The conditions of the electrolysis experiments with Cu/Ni/Zn and Cu/Zn cathodes were optimized as follows: a current density of 8 mA/cm2, a NaCl concentration of 2.0 g/L, and an initial pH of 3.0. The nitrate reduction reaction process with copper alloy cathodes was confirmed by electrochemical analysis and electrolysis experiments. Therefore, copper alloyed with Zn and Ni is a feasible option for practical application to the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate.Practitioner points

Alloy of Cu, Zn, and Ni improved electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction.

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate was confirmed in the presence of NaCl.

The optimized current density with copper alloy cathodes was 6 mA/cm2.

A feasible strategy was provided for the improving nitrate removal and minimizing by‐products.
mRNA methylation in cell senescence
Authors: Casella Gabriel , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCellular senescence, a developmental program central to normal aging and aging pathologies, is robustly regulated at the post‐transcriptional level. This regulation involves the interaction of RNA‐binding proteins and noncoding RNAs with senescence‐associated messenger RNAs (mRNAs). There is increasing evidence that these associations are modulated by chemical modifications of specific mRNA nucleotides which can enhance or reduce the binding of regulatory factors. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry, next‐generation sequencing, and genome mapping have improved markedly the detection of mRNA modifications. Given the rising interest in the epitranscriptomic control of gene expression in aging, we discuss our incipient understanding of the chemical mRNA modifications, specifically m6A and m5C, that influence cellular senescence.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Worldwide literature on epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis: a systematic review of research published in the twenty-first century
Authors: Baumann Sven , Shi Rong , Liu Wenya , Bao Haihua , Schmidberger Julian , Kratzer Wolfgang , Li Weixia ,   the interdisciplinary Echinococcosis Working Group Ulm, Barth Thomas F. E. , Baumann Sven , Bloehdorn Johannes , Fischer Iris , Graeter Tilmann , Graf Natalja , Gruener Beate , Henne-Bruns Doris , Hillenbrand Andreas , Kaltenbach Tanja , Kern Peter , Kern Petra , Klein Katharina , Kratzer Wolfgang , Ehteshami Niloofar , Schlingeloff Patrycja , Schmidberger Julian , Shi Rong , Staehelin Yael , Theis Frauke , Verbitskiy Daniil , Zarour Ghaith 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeHuman alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a potentially lethal zoonosis caused by the cestodeEchinococcus multilocularis. The aim of this systematic review is to establish a comprehensive global AE literature overview taking into account the epidemiologically relevant AE research of the twenty-first century.MethodsWe systematically searched the global literature published from 2001 through 2018 via MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Russian databases eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, the Chinese databases CNKI, VIP, Journals.research.ac.ir (Farsi language-based), Jordan E-Library (Arab language-based) and supplementary Google Scholar, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. QGIS software was used for the mapping of the affected countries.ResultsWe have listed 154 relevant publications in the final literature synopsis in consideration of our quality assessment. Including non-autochthonous cases, human AE was reported in 36 countries within the northern hemisphere from 2001 to 2018. The first publication of AE in Tajikistan, Pakistan, South Korea, Belgium, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovenia and Morocco occurred in this century; further first cases in Taiwan, Thailand, and Denmark were considered to be non-autochthonous by the authors. The highest total case numbers (n ≥ 100 in a single article) were reported in France, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, and Lithuania, including China and Kyrgyzstan with by far the highest prevalence figures.ConclusionsOur paper emphasises the increasing spread of reported cases and the rise in its numbers in the literature of the twenty-first century, especially in western, northern and eastern Europe, as well as in central Asia. Epidemiological studies on human infections are lacking in many parts of the world.
Medical Students Indicate the Need for Increased Sexuality Education at an Austrian Medical University
Authors: Komlenac Nikola , Siller Heidi , Hochleitner Margarethe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The quantity and quality of education in the field of human sexuality vary greatly in medical education programs in the United States and Europe.

Aim
The current state of medical school education with regard to human sexuality was assessed at an Austrian medical university.

Methods
Self-constructed questionnaires and the Beliefs About Sexual Functioning Scale were filled out by 391 medical students (mean age = 24.0, SD = 2.5; 52.4% women, 47.6% men). Descriptive statistics are reported for summarizing students’ responses, and structural equation models were calculated to reveal associations between variables of interest.

Main Outcome Measures
The outcome variable in the structural equation models was students’ confidence in addressing sexual health concerns of patients.

Results
Most students were not instructed in sexual history taking (96.9%), sexual behavior (94.3%), love (97.4%) or sexuality in elderly persons (95.1%), and they reported having poor knowledge of these topics. Most students (72.5%) reported having little or no confidence in addressing patients’ sexual health concerns. The number of addressed topics was positively associated with male (β = 0.47, P &lt; .001) and female students’ (β = 0.52, P &lt; .001) knowledge. Knowledge was positively associated with male (β = .49, P &lt; 0.001) and female students’ (β = 0.33, P &lt; .001) confidence in addressing sexual health concerns and was negatively associated with stereotypical sexual functioning beliefs in the male subsample (β = −0.26, P = .009).

Conclusions
Most medical students revealed that the teaching of important sexual health content (eg, sexual history taking) was deficient at this medical university. Education in sexual health issues needs to be increased to positively influence students’ knowledge of and consequently their confidence regarding dealing with patients’ sexual health concerns.
Seismic observations of crevasse growth following rain-induced glacier acceleration, Haupapa/Tasman Glacier, New Zealand
Authors: Taylor-Offord Samuel , Horgan Huw , Townend John , Winberry J. Paul 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTChanging rates of water input can affect both the flow of glaciers and ice sheets and their propensity to crevasse. Here we examine geodetic and seismic observations during two substantial (10–18-times background velocity) rain-induced glacier accelerations at Haupapa/Tasman Glacier, New Zealand. Changes in rain rate result in glacier acceleration and associated uplift, which propagate down-glacier. This pattern of acceleration results in a change to the strain rate field, which correlates with an order of magnitude increase in the apparent seismicity rate and an overall down-glacier migration in located seismicity. After each acceleration event the apparent seismicity rate decreases to below the pre-acceleration rate for 3 days. This suggests that seismic events associated with surface crevasse growth occur early during phases of glacier acceleration due to elevated extensional stresses, and then do not occur again until stresses recover.
Worker Power, Trade Union Strategy, and International Connections: Dockworker Unionism in Colombia and Chile
Authors: Fox-Hodess Katy 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the constitution of dockworkers’ power and its impact on trade union strategy in recent labor disputes in Chile and Colombia. Dockworkers’ strategic location in the economies of both countries would predict a high degree of shop-floor power among both groups. In practice, however, Colombian dock-workers had far less shop-floor power than their Chilean counterparts, as a result of mitigating social and political factors. Consequently, they developed a strategy this study terms human rights unionism, relying on external allies and lawsuits for leverage, rather than shop-floor action. Dockworkers in Chile, by contrast, adopted a strategy termed class struggle unionism, relying on nationally and internationally coordinated shop-floor action. This article therefore proposes an expanded model of workers’ structural power, incorporating the roles of state and society to better account for power differentials and divergent strategic pathways among workers who share a common position in the economic system.
Are election results more unpredictable? A forecasting test
Authors: Nadeau Richard , Dassonneville Ruth , Lewis-Beck Michael S. , Mongrain Philippe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChanges in voters' behavior and in the campaign strategies that political parties pursue are likely to have increased the importance of campaigns on voters' electoral choices. As a result, scholars increasingly question the usefulness and predictive power of structural forecasting models, that use information from “fundamental” variables to make an election prediction several months before Election Day. In this paper, we empirically examine the expectation that structural forecasting models are increasingly error-prone. For doing so, we apply a structural forecasting model to predict elections in six established democracies. We then trace the predictive power of this model over time. Surprisingly, our results do not give the slightest indication of a decline in the predictive power of structural forecasting models. By showing that information on long-term factors still allows making accurate predictions of electoral outcomes, we question the assumption that campaigns matter more now than they did in the past.
Three-Dimensional Wall Jet Originating from a Circular Orifice
Authors: Newman B G , Patel R P , Savage S B , Tjio H K 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAn incompressible three-dimensional turbulent wall jet originating from a circular orifice located adjacent to a plane wall is studied both theoretically and experimentally. An approximate similarity analysis predicts that the two transverse length scales,l0and L0, and the inverse of the mean velocity scale grow linearly with distance downstream x from the orifice. Experimental measurements of mean velocity and longitudinal turbulence intensity profiles were made both in air and water with hot-wire and hot-film anemometers respectively. The behaviour predicted by the similarity analysis was verified. It was found that the rate of growth of the length scale normal to the plane wall, dl0/dx, was somewhat less than that found for a two-dimensional wall jet, whereas the rate of growth of the length scale in the lateral direction, dL0/dx, was about seven times greater than dl0/dx.
An Investigation of the Flow around Rectangular Cylinders
Authors: Bearman P W , Trueman D M 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMeasurements are presented of the base pressure coefficient, drag coefficient and Strouhal number of rectangular cylinders. The results confirm a finding in Japan that the drag coefficient rises to nearly 3 when the depth of the section is just over half the width. The flow around the sections is found to be strongly influenced by the presence of the trailing-edge corners.
A Three-Dimensional Analysis of Rotor Wakes
Authors: Whitfield C E , Kelly J C , Barry B 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMany investigators have studied the aerodynamics of axial flow turbomachinery but none has produced a complete map of the three-dimensional flow behind a rotor row. This is of considerable interest to the aero-acoustician. A system is described which uses a constant temperature hot-wire anemometer to analyse the flow behind such a rotor. Although much information may be extracted by using the technique, its interpretation depends to a large extent on its form of presentation. An analysis of the flow behind a research fan is used as a means of discussing various forms of visual presentation.
The Lift on a Wing in a Turbulent Flow
Authors: Jackson R , Graham J M R , Maull D J 
Published: May 2019

SummaryExperiments are described in which the lift on a rectangular element of a two-dimensional wing and on a finite aspect ratio wing has been measured in grid turbulence. By measuring the spectrum of the lift and the spectrum of the turbulence upwash component, an experimental value for the turbulent admittance may be found. This is compared with a calculated value based upon linearised theory.
Professional Conduct and Practice
Authors: Purchase H. F. 
Published: May 2019

The Council of the Institute has for some time thought it would be advisable that members should have the opportunity of discussing the difficult problems of professional conduct and practice at a sessional meeting, particularly since the report on the subject by the Monopolies Commission (A report on the general effect on the public interest of certain restrictive practices so far as they prevail in relation to the supply of professional services. Cmnd. 4463). Hence this present paper.Although the paper has been written by the present Chairman of the Institute's Professional Guidance Committee, and the main arguments are in general line with the views of that committee and of Council, the emphasis given to various points and the views on the detailed contents must be regarded as personal to the author.
On the Settlement of Disputes About the Christian Holy Places
Authors: Zander Walter 
Published: May 2019

Disputes about the Christian Holy Places have played a major part in the history of the Middle East and indeed of Europe for many centuries. The main issues of these conflicts are still unsolved, and the fact that the Sanctuaries are now under the control of the State of Israel has added a new dimension to the problems.This study tries to investigate the question of the jurisdiction over the Christian Sanctuaries as it presents itself today. It does not deal with the Holy Places of Judaism and Islam since their treatment, in spite of many common elements, requires different considerations.The disputes about the Christian Holy Places are essentially disputes among Christian communities, and not, as might be assumed, controversies between Christians on one side and members of other religions—Moslems or Jews—or the government of the country, on the other. They spring ultimately from the divisions of the Church; and although political and national interests frequently played a part, they must be seen first and foremost in the context of the religious issues involved.
SPERIMENTAZIONE QUANTITATIVA E SISTEMI POLITICI
Authors: Calcagno Alfredo Eric , Sainz Pedro 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQuesto saggio intende mostrare come le decisioni politiche possano essere qualitativamente migliorate per mezzo di una descrizione, formulata in modo tecnico, della situazione reale in cui si svolgono, e della previsione del funzionamento e delle probabili conseguenze di un programma governativo. A tal fine, si propone una metodologia che, se non è l'unica possibile, ha il vantaggio di essere immediatamente applicabile e il merito principale di «aiutare a pensare».
STUDI SULL'INTEGRAZIONE SOVRANAZIONALE
Authors: Panebianco Angelo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneI nuovi equilibri internazionali i cui riflessi si avvertono negli atteggiamenti dei leaders europei, combinati alle pressanti scadenze comunitarie, vanno aumentando la sensazione che, entro un tempo relativamente breve, il processo di unificazione europea si troverà di fronte ad un bivio consistente o in un salto di qualità o in una stagnazione prolungata. Frattanto, in altre parti del mondo — in Asia, in Africa, in America Latina — un numero crescente di stati cerca di reagire al sottosviluppo economico avviando processi di integrazione regionale che, in prospettiva, nelle intenzioni dei governi, dovrebbero rappresentare una risposta, sia pure piú cauta e realistica degli utopistici disegni panarabisti e panafricani che alimentarono gli entusiasmi post-coloniali, ai problemi imposti dalla frantumazione politica, dalla debolezza economica, dai rapporti con le società industrializzate. La convinzione che la politica internazionale degli anni futuri, a seguito di questi sviluppi, verrà sempre piú a dipendere da rapporti fra « unità » transnazionali piú o meno integrate, ha spostato l’interesse di un numero crescente di cultori di relazioni internazionali verso i problemi dell’integrazione politica alla ricerca di teorie a medio o a largo raggio che permettano di prevedere e, almeno in una certa misura, guidare gli sviluppi che sembrano intravedersi al di là degli stati nazionali.
LE ELEZIONI POLITICHE ITALIANE DEL 7 MAGGIO 1972
Authors: Spreafico Alberto 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLe elezioni politiche del 7 maggio 1972 hanno presentato alcune caratteristiche peculiari che hanno richiamato su di esse un'eccezionale interesse e le hanno fatte definire decisive per il futuro del sistema politico italiano. In primo luogo esse sono state le prime elezioni anticipate, di questo dopoguerra, per il rinnovo delle assemblee rappresentative.