bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypomania and depression associated with distinct neural activity for immediate and future rewards
Authors: Glazer James E. , Kelley Nicholas J. , Pornpattananangkul Narun , Nusslock Robin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBipolar spectrum and unipolar depressive disorders have been associated with distinct and opposite profiles of reward‐related neural activity. These opposite profiles may reflect a differential preexisting vulnerability for both types of disorders. In support, recent ERP studies find that, following reward feedback, a larger reward positivity (RewP) is associated with greater vulnerability for bipolar spectrum disorders, whereas a smaller RewP is associated with greater vulnerability for depression. However, prior studies have investigated only immediate rewards and have not examined dimensions of both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression within the same sample. The present study is the first to investigate feedback‐related ERP correlates of proneness to hypomania and unipolar depressive tendencies within the same sample and to expand our scope to include future rewards. Participants completed a modified time estimation task where the same monetary reward was available immediately or at one of five different future dates. Results revealed proneness to hypomania and unipolar depressive tendencies were related to an elevated and blunted RewP, respectively, but only following immediate rewards (i.e., today). Following rewards in the distant future (e.g., 8 months), proneness to hypomania and depressive tendencies were associated with elevated and blunted amplitudes for the P3, respectively, a subsequent ERP component reflecting motivational salience during extended feedback processing. Furthermore, these opposing profiles were independent of, and significantly different from, one another. These results suggest that feedback‐related ERPs following immediate and future rewards are candidate biomarkers that can physiologically separate vulnerability for bipolar spectrum from unipolar depressive disorders.
From an axiological standpoint
Authors: Tucker Miles 
Published: November 2018

AbstractI maintain that intrinsic value is the fundamental concept of axiology. Many contemporary philosophers disagree; they say the proper object of value theory is final value. I examine three accounts of the nature of final value: the first claims that final value is non‐instrumental value; the second claims that final value is the value a thing has as an end; the third claims that final value is ultimate or non‐derivative value. In each case, I argue that the concept of final value described is either identical with the classical notion of intrinsic value or is not a plausible candidate for the primary concept of axiology.
Multiperil Rate Making for Property Insurance Using Longitudinal Data
Authors: Yang Lu , Shi Peng 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn property insurance, a contract often provides the policyholder with protection against damages to the insured properties that arise from a variety of perils. We propose a multivariate framework for pricing property insurance contracts with multiperil coverage in a longitudinal context. Specifically, a two-part model is employed to accommodate the excess of 0s and heavy tails in the insurance loss cost, and a Gaussian copula with a structured correlation is used to capture the dependence within and between perils, as well as their interaction. Using the government property insurance data from the state of Wisconsin in the USA, we show that the multiperil claim model has important implications in both experience rating and risk margin analysis.
The genome of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata provides insight into the biosynthesis of the bioactive diterpenoid neoandrographolide
Authors: Sun Wei , Leng Liang , Yin Qinggang , Xu MeiMei , Huang Mingkun , Xu Zhichao , Zhang Yujun , Yao Hui , Wang Caixia , Xiong Chao , Chen Sha , Jiang Chunhong , Xie Ning , Zheng Xilong , Wang Ying , Song Chi , Peters Reuben J. , Chen Shilin 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAndrographis paniculata is a herbaceous dicot plant widely used for its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐viral properties across its distribution in China, India and other Southeast Asian countries. A. paniculata was used as a crucial therapeutic treatment during the influenza epidemic of 1919 in India, and is still used for the treatment of infectious disease in China. A. paniculata produces large quantities of the anti‐inflammatory diterpenoid lactones andrographolide and neoandrographolide, and their analogs, which are touted to be the next generation of natural anti‐inflammatory medicines for lung diseases, hepatitis, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune disorders and inflammatory skin diseases. Here, we report a chromosome‐scale A. paniculata genome sequence of 269 Mb that was assembled by Illumina short reads, PacBio long reads and high‐confidence (Hi‐C) data. Gene annotation predicted 25 428 protein‐coding genes. In order to decipher the genetic underpinning of diterpenoid biosynthesis, transcriptome data from seedlings elicited with methyl jasmonate were also obtained, which enabled the identification of genes encoding diterpenoid synthases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases and UDP‐dependent glycosyltransferases potentially involved in diterpenoid lactone biosynthesis. We further carried out functional characterization of pairs of class‐I and ‐II diterpene synthases, revealing the ability to produce diversified labdane‐related diterpene scaffolds. In addition, a glycosyltransferase able to catalyze O‐linked glucosylation of andrograpanin, yielding the major active product neoandrographolide, was also identified. Thus, our results demonstrate the utility of the combined genomic and transcriptomic data set generated here for the investigation of the production of the bioactive diterpenoid lactone constituents of the important medicinal herb A. paniculata.
The effect of repeated stimulated granulocyte donations on hematopoietic indexes in donors: a 24‐year donor center experience
Authors: Szymanski James , Troendle James , Leitman Susan , Hong Hong , Yau Yu Ying , Cantilena Cathy 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDShort‐ and long‐term effects of mobilization regimens in hematopoietic stem cell and granulocyte donors have been well characterized. In this study, we examined the longitudinal hematopoietic changes related to repeat stimulated granulocyte donation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSComplete blood counts for consecutive granulocyte donors between October 1994 and May 2017 were compared to unstimulated granulocyte donors. Plateletpheresis donors served as controls. The longitudinal change in precollection white blood cell (WBC) counts for these donor groups were modeled using a linear mixed‐effects model. The investigated variables were granulocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts and the granulocyte collection yield. Contrasts were performed to explore the effect of donation number on precollection counts.RESULTSFor the granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor plus dexamethasone (G‐CSF/Dex)–stimulated group, both the granulocyte and the lymphocyte counts decreased 6.51 × 109/L (−23.1%, p < 0.001) and 0.21 × 109/L (−20.4%, p < 0.001), respectively, between Donation 1 and Donation 20. This effect was still present at the 3‐ to 4‐year interval (b = −0.0008313, SE = 0.00029, p = 0.004). For the unstimulated donor group between Donation 1 and Donation 20, the lymphocyte count decreased by 0.62 × 109/L (−51.5%, p < 0.001). This effect was only significant up to Year 2 (b = −0.0026, SE = 0.0010, p = 0.013).CONCLUSIONSPast granulocyte donations were found to have a statistically strong negative effect on precollection granulocyte counts and lymphocyte counts and decreased granulocyte yield both in the G‐CSF/Dex–stimulated donors and the unstimulated donors. In this statistical model, for both these groups, the effect of past donations on granulocyte and WBC counts were still detectable 2 years later.
Hepatitis E virus infection in Thai blood donors
Authors: Intharasongkroh Duangnapa , Thongmee Thanunrat , Sa‐nguanmoo Pattaratida , Klinfueng Sirapa , Duang‐in Ausanee , Wasitthankasem Rujipat , Theamboonlers Apiradee , Charoonruangrit Ubonwon , Oota Sineenart , Payungporn Sunchai , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Chirathaworn Chintana , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in several industrialized and developing countries is associated with the consumption of pork and other meat products, an exposure risk among the majority of blood donors. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HEV in plasma from healthy blood donors in Thailand.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe screened blood samples collected between October and December 2015, from 30,115 individual blood donors in 5020 pools of six, for HEV RNA using in‐house real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Thrice‐reactive samples were subjected to a commercial real‐time RT‐PCR (cobas HEV test) and evaluated for anti‐HEV immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies. Genotyping using nested RT‐PCR, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis was performed.RESULTSTwenty‐six donors were positive for HEV RNA by the in‐house assay, nine of whom were also positive by cobas test. None of the latter were reactive for anti‐HEV immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G antibodies. Six samples were successfully genotyped and found to be HEV genotype 3. Thus, the frequency of HEV infection among healthy Thai blood donors is 1 in 1158.CONCLUSIONThe presence of HEV RNA in the Thai blood supply was comparable to the rates reported in western European countries, but higher than in North America and Australia.
Amino acid and lipid profiles following pig‐to‐primate liver xenotransplantation
Authors: Shah Jigesh A. , Patel Madhukar S. , Louras Nathan , Sachs David H. , Vagefi Parsia A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs outcomes in clinical liver transplantation steadily improve, demand continues to exceed supply, leading to a substantial disparity in organ availability. The translation of porcine liver xenotransplantation (LXT) into a clinical reality aims to address this dilemma. Our laboratory has previously established an applicable model of α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout (GalT‐KO) pig‐to‐primate LXT with continuous human coagulation factor infusion and costimulation blockade. This report aims to further investigate the post‐LXT lipid and amino acid metabolism profile in our longest surviving recipients (25 and 29 days). Experimental samples and control samples, consisting of pre‐transplant porcine and baboon serum and plasma, were analyzed for standard lipid profiles and for amino acid levels. Lipid profiles of LXT recipients remained stable following xenotransplantation compared to donor porcine baseline levels. Amino acid concentrations also remained similar to baseline controls, with the exception of a 3‐fold increase in l‐ornithine and more than a 10‐fold decrease in l‐arginine post‐transplant when compared to both porcine and baboon baseline levels. The observed changes in l‐arginine are consistent with prior studies investigating the effects of graft preservation injury following liver transplantation. These results indicate that the porcine liver can maintain most biochemical profiles stably post‐operatively in baboons and suggest that arginine supplementation post‐LXT may potentially be useful for further prolongation of xenograft survival.
Genetic variants in a sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter gene and age-related cataract
Authors: Ravindran Ravilla D , Sundaresan Periasamy , Krishnan Tiruvengada , Vashist Praveen , Maraini Giovanni , Saravanan Vijayan , Chakravarthy Usha , Smeeth Liam , Nitsch Dorothea , Young Ian S , Fletcher Astrid E 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundCataract is a major health burden in many countries and a significant problem in India. While observational studies show lower cataract risk with increasing dietary or plasma vitamin C, randomised controlled trials of supplements have been negative. Genetic variants in vitamin C transporter proteins (SLC23A1), especially rs33972313, may provide evidence on a causal association of vitamin C with cataract.MethodsWe used data from a randomly selected population-based study in people aged 60 years and above in north and south India. Of 7518 sampled, 5428 (72%) were interviewed for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, attended hospital for lens imaging and blood collection and were subsequently genotyped for rs33972313 and rs6596473. Mixed or pure types of cataract were graded by the Lens Opacity Classification System III as nuclear (2404), cortical (494) or posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) (1026); 1462 had no significant cataract and no history of cataract surgery and 775 had bilateral aphakia/pseudophakia.Resultsrs33972313 was associated with cortical (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.34 to 3.49, p=0.002) and PSC (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.65, p=0.03) but not with nuclear cataract. In analyses of pure cataracts, associations were found only between rs33972313 and pure cortical cataracts (OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.12 to 4.65, p=0.03) and with a standardised cortical opacity score. There was no association with rs6596473 and any cataract outcomes.ConclusionsUsing an established genetic variant as a proxy for lifetime ascorbate concentrations, our results support a causal association of vitamin C with cataract.
International experiments with different models of allocating funds to facilitate integrated care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Khayatzadeh-Mahani Akram , Nolte Ellen , Sutherland Jason , Forest Pierre-Gerlier 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionIntegrated care is viewed widely as a potential solution to some of the major challenges faced by health and social care systems, such as those posed by service duplication, fragmentation and poor care coordination, and associated impacts on the quality and cost of services. Fragmented models of allocating funds to and across sectors, programmes and providers are frequently cited as a major barrier to integration and countries have experimented with different models of allocating funds to enhance care coordination among service providers and to reduce ineffective care and avoid costly adverse events. This scoping review aims to assess published international experiences of different models of allocating funds to facilitate integration and the evidence on their impacts.Methods and analysisWe will adopt a scoping review methodology due to the potentially vast and multidisciplinary nature of the literature on different models of allocating funds in health and social care systems, as well as the scarcity of existing knowledge syntheses. The framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley will be followed that entails six steps: (1) identifying the research question(s), (2) searching for relevant studies, (3) selecting studies, (4) charting the data, (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (6) and conducting consultation exercises. These steps will be conducted iteratively and reflexively, making adjustments and repetitions when appropriate to make sure the literature has been covered as comprehensively as possible. To ensure comprehensiveness of our literature review, we also search a wide range of sources.Ethics and disseminationAn integrated knowledge translation strategy will be pursued by engaging our knowledge users through all stages of the review. We will organise two workshops or policy roundtables/policy dialogues in Alberta and British Columbia with participation of diverse knowledge users to discuss and interpret the findings of our review and to draw out policy opportunities and lessons that can be applied to the context of these two provinces.
Catastrophic health expenditure among industrial workers in a large-scale industry in Nepal, 2017: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pyakurel Prajjwal , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Oo Myo Minn , Acharya Bijay , Pyakurel Ujjwal , Singh Suman Bahadur , Subedi Laxmi , Yadav Kamlesh Prasad , Poudel Mukesh , Pandey Dipesh Raj , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Lohani Guna Raj , Jha Nilambar 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesThe study aimed at estimating out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and distress financing due to hospitalisation and outpatient care among industrial workers in Eastern Nepal.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving industrial workers employed in a large-scale industry in Eastern Nepal. Those who were hospitalised in the last 1 year or availed outpatient care within the last 30 days were administered a structured questionnaire to estimate the cost of illness. CHE was defined as expenditure more than 20% of annual household income. Distress financing was defined as borrowing money/loan or selling assets to cope with OOP expenditure on health.ResultsOf 1824 workers eligible for the study, 1405 (77%) were screened, of which 85 (6%) were hospitalised last year; 223 (16%) attended outpatient department last month. The median (IQR) OOP expenditure from hospitalisation and outpatient care was US$124 (71–282) and US$36 (19–61), respectively. Among those hospitalised, the prevalence of CHE and distress financing was found to be 13% and 42%, respectively, and due to outpatient care was 0.4% and 42%, respectively. Drugs and diagnostics account for a large share of direct costs in both public and private sectors. More than 80% sought hospitalisation and outpatient care in a private sector.ConclusionIndustrial workers face significant financial risks due to ill health compared with the general population. Poor utilisation and higher cost of care in public health facilities warrant strengthening of public sector through increased government spending. The labour act 2014 of Nepal should be strictly adhered.
Better drug use in advanced disease: an international Delphi study
Authors: Huisman Bregje A. A. , Geijteman Eric C. T. , Dees Marianne K. , van Zuylen Lia , van der Heide Agnes , Perez Roberto S.G.M. 
Published: November 2018

Patients with a limited life expectancy use many medications, some of which may be questionable.Objectives To identify possible solutions for difficulties concerning medication management and formulate recommendations to improve medication management at the end of life.Methods A two-round Delphi study with experts in the field of medication management and end-of-life care (based on ranking in the citation index in Web of Science and relevant publications). We developed a questionnaire with 58 possible solutions for problems regarding medication management at the end of life that were identified in previously performed studies.Results A total of 42 experts from 13 countries participated. Response rate in the first round was 93%, mean agreement between experts for all solutions was 87 % (range 62%–100%); additional suggestions were given by 51%. The response rate in the second round was 74%. Awareness, education and timely communication about medication management came forward as top priorities for guidelines. In addition, solutions considered crucial by many of the experts were development of a list of inappropriate medications at the end of life and incorporation of recommendations for end-of-life medication management in disease-specific guidelines.Conclusions In this international Delphi study, experts reached a high level of consensus on recommendations to improve medication management in end-of-life care. These findings may contribute to the development of clinical practice guidelines for medication management in end-of-life care.
A triple-point Whitney trick
Authors: Melikhov Sergey A. 
Published: November 2018

We use a triple-point version of the Whitney trick to show that ornaments of three orientable [Formula: see text]-manifolds in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], are classified by the [Formula: see text]-invariant. A very similar (but not identical) construction was found independently by I. Mabillard and U. Wagner, who also made it work in a much more general situation and obtained impressive applications. The present note is, by contrast, focused on a minimal working case of the construction.
Oracles for Testing Software Timeliness with Uncertainty
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Pastore Fabrizio , Briand Lionel 
Published: November 2018

Uncertainty in timing properties (e.g., detection time of external events) is a common occurrence in embedded software systems, since these systems interact with complex physical environments.
Such time uncertainty leads to non-determinism. For example, time-triggered operations may either generate different valid outputs across different executions or experience failures (e.g., results not being generated in the expected time window) that occur only occasionally over many executions. For these reasons, time uncertainty makes the generation of effective test oracles for timing requirements a challenging task.
To address the above challenge, we propose Stochastic Testing with Unique Input Output Sequences, an approach for the automated generation of stochastic oracles that verify the capability of a software system to fulfill timing constraints in the presence of time uncertainty. Such stochastic oracles entail the statistical analysis of repeated test case executions based on test output probabilities predicted by means of statistical model checking. Results from two industrial case studies in the automotive domain demonstrate that this approach improves the fault detection effectiveness of tests suites derived from timed automata compared to traditional approaches.