bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition Variation of the 2023 May 16 Solar Energetic Particle Event Observed by SolO and PSP
Authors: Xu Z. G. , Cohen C. M. S , Leske R. A. , Muro G. D. , Cummings A. C. , McComas D. J. , Schwadron N. A. , Christian E. R. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , McNutt R. L. , Mitchell D. G. , Mason G. M. , Kouloumvakos A. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Ho G. C. , Rodriguez-Pacheco J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we employ the combined charged particle measurements from Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Energetic Particle Detector on board the Solar Orbiter (SolO) to study the composition variation of the solar energetic particle (SEP) event occurring on 2023 May 16. During the event, SolO and PSP were located at a similar radial distance of ∼0.7 au and were separated by ∼60° in longitude. The footpoints of both PSP and SolO were west of the flare region, but the former was much closer (18° versus 80°). Such a distribution of observers is ideal for studying the longitudinal dependence of the ion composition with the minimum transport effects of particles along the radial direction. We focus on H, He, O, and Fe measured by both spacecraft in sunward and antisunward directions. Their spectra are in a double power-law shape, which is fitted best by the Band function. Notably, the event was Fe rich at PSP, where the mean Fe/O ratio at energies of 0.1–10 Mev nuc−1 was 0.48, higher than the average Fe/O ratio in previous large SEP events. In contrast, the mean Fe/O ratio at SolO over the same energy range was considerably lower at 0.08. The Fe/O ratio between 0.5 and 10 MeV nuc−1 at both spacecraft is nearly constant. Although the He/H ratio shows energy dependence, decreasing with increasing energy, the He/H ratio at PSP is still about twice as high as that at SolO. Such a strong longitudinal dependence of element abundances and the Fe-rich component in the PSP data could be attributed to the direct flare contribution. Moreover, the temporal profiles indicate that differences in the Fe/O and He/H ratios between PSP and SolO persisted throughout the entire event rather than only at the start.
Large Eruptive and Confined Flares in Relation to the Solar Active Region Evolution
Authors: Li Fuyu , Rao Changhui , Wang Huaning , Zhao Xinhua , Xiang Nanbin , Deng Linhua , Li Haitang , Liu Yu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Solar active regions (ARs) provide the required magnetic energy and the topology configuration for flares. Apart from conventional static magnetic parameters, the evolution of AR magnetic flux systems should have nonnegligible effects on magnetic energy store and the trigger mechanism of eruptions, which would promote the prediction for the flare using photospheric observations conveniently. Here we investigate 322 large (M- and X-class) flares from 2010 to 2019, almost the whole solar cycle 24. The flare occurrence rate is obviously higher in the developing phase, which should be due to the stronger shearing and complex configurations caused by affluent magnetic emergences. However, the probability of flare eruptions in decaying phases of ARs is obviously higher than that in the developing phase. The confined flares were in nearly equal counts to eruptive flares in developing phases, whereas the eruptive flares were half over confined flares in decaying phases. Yearly looking at flare eruption rates demonstrates the same conclusion. The relationship between sunspot group areas and confined/erupted flares also suggested that the strong field make constraints on the mass ejection, though it can contribute to flare productions. The flare indexes also show a similar trend. It is worth mentioning that all the X-class flares in the decaying phase were erupted, without the strong field constraint. The decaying of magnetic flux systems had facilitation effects on flare eruptions, which may be consequent on the splitting of magnetic flux systems.
Small-scale Current Sheets and Associated Switchback Activity in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Furman Sydney , Chasapis Alexandros , Malaspina David , Tatum Peter , Short Benjamin , George Harriet , Martinović Mihailo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Several long-standing theories postulate that turbulent dissipation can heat solar wind protons in situ. Turbulent dissipation can occur via current sheets, which are small-scale structures embedded in the solar wind magnetic field. This study examines the role that switchbacks—intermediate-scale reversals in the interplanetary magnetic field—may play in heating the solar wind by generating current sheets. We explore this possible relationship by analyzing the characteristics of current sheets within and around switchback regions. Previous studies investigated current sheet properties during Parker Solar Probe's first solar encounter, analyzed current sheets using a wide range of statistics, and explored trends that switchbacks follow with radial distance from the Sun. The present study builds on these works by analyzing the distribution and maximum values of solar wind current sheets using the Partial Variance of Increments method and focusing on how these properties correlate with the presence of switchbacks to better understand how switchbacks contribute to current sheet activity. We conclude that there are no increased current sheet populations observed within and around switchbacks, with most current sheets being observed outside switchbacks. We find a consistent distribution of current sheets regardless of whether there is concurrent switchback activity. We also observe that current sheets follow a uniform occurrence rate with increased distance from the Sun, while switchback regions significantly evolve with larger radial distances. Our findings suggest that local turbulence may be responsible for generating solar wind current sheets and does so with the same efficiency inside and outside of switchback regions.
Catalog of Cataclysmic Variables Around the Period-bounce: New Systems
Authors: Muñoz-Giraldo Daniela , Stelzer Beate , Schwope Axel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A large portion of cataclysmic variables (CVs), between 40% and 80%, are predicted to be in the last stage of their evolution, becoming period-bouncers. This sub-class of CVs is characterized by having gone through a reversal in the evolution of their orbital periods as well as having a late-type donor. The large predicted population of period-bouncers has, however, not been observed so far. We have led an effort to reveal the missing population of period-bouncers though the use the X-ray survey eROSITA, which has increased the population of period-bouncers by 63% through the use of eROSITA. This study has established eROSITA as a promising path for the identification of the new members of this underrepresented sub-class of CVs.
Symmetry in Hyper Suprime-Cam Galaxy Spin Directions
Authors: Stiskalek Richard , Desmond Harry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We perform a Bayesian analysis of anisotropy in binary galaxy spin directions in the Hyper-Suprime Cam Data Release 3 catalog, in response to a recent claim that it exhibits a dipole. We find no significant evidence for anisotropy, or for a direction-independent spin probability that differs from 0.5. These results are unchanged allowing for a quadrupole or simply searching for a fixed anisotropy between any two hemispheres, and the Bayes factor indicates decisive evidence for the isotropic model. Our principled method contrasts with the statistic employed by Shamir, which lacks a strong theoretical foundation. Our code is available at ✎.
Changes in Fish Communities Before and After Establishment of Northern Snakehead in an Estuarine Marsh of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Authors: Newhard Joshua J. , Love Joseph , Walker Meghan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Northern Snakehead Channa argus an invasive freshwater piscivore discovered in the Potomac River in 2004, has spread throughout the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, USA). The first incidental reports of Northern Snakehead in Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (Chesapeake Bay) occurred during 2012. Since that time, Northern Snakehead have become established and has formed the basis for a popular harvest fishery in the Blackwater River drainage. This increase in abundance has caused concern about competition and predation on other species. To determine whether the fish community has changed in composition or relative abundance in Blackwater River drainage (Blackwater River and Little Blackwater River) since the introduction of Northern Snakehead, we replicated fish community surveys from 2006 and 2007 (pre-snakehead) and compared those fish community composition with data collected from 2018 to 2019 (post-snakehead). Subsequent seasonal surveys of fishes between 2021 and 2023 helped to substantiate our findings. Including pre-snakehead and post-snakehead survey periods, we caught 35 species (32 fish species and three invertebrate species) totaling 51,781 individuals. With few exceptions, species richness was similar between periods, with 27 fishes caught pre-snakehead and 26 species caught post-snakehead. However, of 22 species that we captured during both pre-snakehead and post-snakehead survey periods, 19 declined in relative abundance, which was supported during subsequent seasonal surveys. These changes led to four of six sites having significantly different fish communities between survey periods. Fish communities experienced declines in relative abundances of popular prey species for Northern Snakehead: White Perch Morone americana, sunfish Lepomis, and killifishes Fundulus. Our study is among the first to document long-term fish community changes following establishment of Northern Snakehead in its introduced range.
Challenges in the Management of Tuberous Sclerosis-associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Gupta Parul , Spoorthy Mamidipalli Sai , Raikar Pooja R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis is a rare autosomal dominant multisystem disorder of genetic origin affecting TSC1 and TSC2 genes. Individuals with tuberous sclerosis are affected by a broad range of behavioral, academic, intellectual, psychiatric, and psychosocial problems, typically underidentified and undertreated. We are presenting the case of a young male with tuberous sclerosis presented with seizures followed by the development of behavioral and dermatological manifestations. We faced difficulties in the management due to the lack of appropriate guidelines. Initially, no response was seen with atypical antipsychotics and antidepressants, and when some improvement was noticed with typical antipsychotics, extrapyramidal symptoms intervened in the progress and caused more distress to the patient. Hence, one should focus on early recognition and prompt treatment of the individual suffering from TSC. The lack of proper guidelines for managing neuropsychiatric manifestation poses a significant challenge. More research is needed in this area.
A Study on Blood Group Distribution, Bleeding Time, and Clotting Time Variation among First-year Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Sen Abirlal , Dey Dibakar , Choudhuri Soma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
ABO blood group status of an individual is an important test that helps in blood grouping, cross-matching, solving medicolegal aspects, etc. Furthermore, bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) are important tests to plan surgery, check response to anticoagulants, etc. BT is affected by platelet function while CT is affected by clotting factors. BT is prolonged in congenital or acquired platelet abnormalities. Defect or absence of one or more factors can cause prolonged CT.

Aims and Objectives:
To determine the blood group, of the students and to determine their BT and CT.

Materials and Methods:
Institution-based cross-sectional observational study done in the Department of Physiology, Tripura Medical College and Dr. BRAM Teaching Hospital. BT and CT were done by Duke’s Method and Capillary glass tube method respectively. Blood groups were determined based on the presence or absence of agglutination. Qualitative data were expressed in percentage and quantitative data in frequency, mean, and standard deviations.

Results:
Sixty-one (58%) females and 44 (42%) males participated. Blood group O and blood groups B (33.3%) were equally most predominant. BT is >4 min (total) in 13% of students (n = 14) with slightly more in males (16% males). In addition, CT is >6 min in 37% of students (n = 39) with slightly more in females (39% females).

Conclusion:
In our study, blood group O and blood group B were equally the most predominant. CT toward upper normal ranges (>6 min) slightly more in females than males.
Acquaintance of Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Practices among Women’s Self-help Groups in Puducherry – A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajasekaran Madhumitha , Senthil Rajini , Venkatesan Balaji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context:
Cervical cancer is a global public health problem with particularly high burden in many low- and middle-income countries.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening and adherence to preventive practices among self-help group women in Puducherry.

Settings and Design:
This was a community-based cross-sectional study among women belonging to self-help groups in the field practice areas of our tertiary care hospital.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was conducted for a period of 3 months from July to September 2023. The study population consists of women belonging to various self-help groups in the field practice areas of our tertiary care hospital based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A multistage random sampling method was used with an estimated sample size of 245.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Continuous variables were presented in the form of frequency and proportion. The Chi-square test was used for determining the association.

Results:
Out of 245, 39.6% had good knowledge regarding cervical cancer and 60.4% had poor knowledge. Majority of the rural women (140) had poor knowledge compared to urban areas. A significant association between employment and awareness (P = 0.000) regarding cervical cancer screening and prevention was observed.

Conclusions:
Health promotion and counseling services should be increased, and an efficient tracking of screening and assessment system should be intensified as part of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases to accelerate its elimination.
Study of Etiological Spectrum and Clinicohematological Profile of Nonnutritional Anemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India
Authors: Singh Reena , Goswami Gargi , Kandulna Ambrose Kumar , Singh Gaurav , Konat Ashwati , Sharma Kamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Worldwide, anemia is a significant public health issue, particularly in developing nations like India. Although the nutritional deficiency is the most common etiology, the nonnutritional anemia (NNA) also constitutes a major proportion of anemias. There has been little work done on etiology of NNA is in Indian patients, hence the present study assesses the etiological spectrum and clinicohematological profile of patients with NNA.

Methods:
Between August 2019 and August 2021, we observed and cross-sectionally analyzed 100 NNA patients in a tertiary care medical college and hospital to determine their clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Results:
In our study, anemia of chronic disease (51%) was the most common type of NNA, followed by hemolytic anemia (15%). The most common presenting symptom was easy fatigue (72%). Common findings on general examination were pallor (92%) followed by pedal edema (14%) and icterus (13%), whereas, on systemic examination, splenomegaly (21%) was the most common finding. Normocytic normochromic anemia was the most common pattern on hematological examination (75%).

Conclusion:
Anemia of chronic disease is the most common etiology among NNA with fatigue as the most common symptom. Practitioners should consider non nutritional etiology in a case of chronic anemia and a comprehensive clinical, hematological and biochemical study helps in the identification of underlying cause and treatment of NNA.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Death Perspectives of Doctors Working in the Emergency Department and Termination of Resuscitation
Authors: Simsek Salih Denis , Karakus Ali , Polat Mustafa , Zortuk Okkes , Iflazoglu Anil , Bayar Pınar Yücel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Criteria for terminating resuscitations have been identified in the literature such as no VF/VT rhythm during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). People’s perception of death varies depending on social, geographical, cultural, and educational factors. The Death Perception Scale (DPS) was developed to measure these variations. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between individuals’ perspectives on death, the CPR process they apply in the emergency room, and the factors that affect it.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on physicians working in emergency departments in Hatay province. The participating physicians completed a 39-question test, which included multiple-choice and DPS questions, to record their demographic data, education, and the situations they consider when terminating CPR. The data were collected digitally. IBM SPSS 27 and GraphPad Prism were used for data analysis.

Results:
79 physicians participated in the study, the mean age of these physicians was 27.53 ± 3.61, and 45.6% were female. The average tenure as a physician was 2.81 years, while the average duration of work in the emergency department was 2.25 years. No statistically significant relationship was found between the change in the duration of working in the emergency department and the change in the medical profession and DPS among the physicians included in the study. No relationship was found between the degree of the physician (general practitioner, resident, and specialist) and the CPR termination times of the patients.

Conclusions:
Analyzing individual characteristics with objective values while managing a terminally ill patient will enhance perceptual integrity.
A Study of Fire Safety Knowledge among Health-care Professionals in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Soman Suresh , Rupakumar Lakkhumi C. , Suresh Nirupama C. , Naik Aakash , Guduru Abhiram Archith 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
According to media sources, from August 2020 to April 2022, 122 people died in 29 major hospital fires across India. Several fire incidents in hospitals have lately been recorded around the country, notably at the AIIMS in New Delhi, the LNJP Hospital in Delhi, the Gandhi Hospital in Hyderabad, the ESIC Kamgar Hospital in Mumbai, and many others.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in an 1800-bed tertiary care teaching hospital using a standardized validated questionnaire to assess fire safety knowledge among health-care professionals.

Results:
The result indicates that 1% of health-care professionals had excellent knowledge level, 82% had average to good knowledge of fire safety, whereas only 17% had poor to below-average knowledge. The study outcome shows that there is no significant difference concerning sociodemographic variables with knowledge level, such as “gender” and “profession,” whereas “age” and “first training period” showed some significant change in knowledge level regarding fire safety among health-care workers.

Conclusion:
Health-care professionals have average-good knowledge of fire safety, which can be upgraded to better levels through classes and hands-on training by conducting regular mock drills.
Accessibility Requirements in Academic Buildings for Teaching Hospitals: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khan Seema , Bhardwaj Nitin Dutt , Srivastava Pradeep , Suhaib Mahwish , Jain Anmol , Pal Meenu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Equal and nondiscriminatory access in the built environment enables persons with disabilities to move and interact freely without encountering any hindrances or barriers. As per the University Grants Commission, India, all universities and colleges must provide 3% reservation to disabled students. Ensuring equal access to education is crucial, especially for individuals with disabilities. People with disabilities suffer from poor access to academic and cultural facilities that an institution offers; hence, the purpose of this study is to analyze the accessibility compliance of academic buildings in terms of the design and infrastructure with the existing standards.

Materials and Methods:
The observational study was conducted in the Central Library, New Teaching Block, and Convention Centre at a Tertiary Care Government Teaching Hospital in North India, for 2 months. An observational checklist was used for data collection, which was made using Harmonized Guidelines and Standards for Universal Accessibility in India, 2021, and Accessibility Guidelines and Standards for Higher Education Institutions and Universities, Government of India.

Results:
The overall compliance of the Central Library, New Teaching Block, and Convention Centre was 49%, 42%, and 39%, respectively. In the Central Library, of 21 parameters, 12 parameters showed compliance ≥50% and 10 parameters scored ≥50% in the New Teaching Block. In the Convention Centre, 19 parameters were observed, of which eight parameters scored ≥50%.

Conclusion:
The data indicate the development of more accessible facilities for people with disabilities on the university premises. Implementing better infrastructure and technology shall create more inclusive and equitable educational environments.
Management of Biomedical Waste: An Overview of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in India
Authors: Suhaib Mahwish , Srivastava Pradeep , Bhardwaj Nitin Dutt , Ali Junaid , Singh Vishika , Sharma Deepu , Khan Seema 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Waste is an inevitable result of health-care services that may pose a health risk. Health-care waste comprises of general, infectious, and chemical/radioactive waste. Preventing the spread of infection to health-care personnel, patients, attendants, and the community at large is the ultimate objective of biomedical waste management (BMWM).

Materials and Methods:
It was a descriptive study which explored available resources, considering physical facilities, equipment, and human resources. All the personnel engaged in the management of BMW were included with focus on their training and vaccination status. The workflow process for BMWM was documented. In addition, the quantities of Yellow, Red, Blue, and White Waste generated were recorded. BMW generated per bed per day was calculated for each category and also overall waste collected was calculated.

Results:
The hospital’s comprehensive waste management plan encompasses seven defined routes, ensuring coverage of the entire facility. The BMW produced during a month range from 32,201 to 44,390 kg with a total of 465,392 kg/year. The mean BMW generated was 38,782.67 kg and the average BMW generated per day was 1271.25 kg. BMW generated per bed per day came out to be 0.33 kg.

Conclusion:
Every employee involved in the management of BMW was vaccinated for Hepatitis B and Tetanus toxoid. Sixty-eight percent of the workforce involved in BMWM underwent regular BMW refresher training. The remaining 32% received BMW training at the commencement of their roles but did not undergo refresher training. Regularly refresher training sessions on BMWM should be conducted, maintaining accurate and up-to-date records.