bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the attitude of others by hearing action sounds: the role of the insula
Authors: Di Cesare G. , Marchi M. , Pinardi C. , Rizzolatti G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring social interactions, actions and words can be expressed in different ways, for example gently, vigorously or rudely communicating the positive or negative attitude of the agent. These forms of communication are called vitality forms and play a crucial role in social relations. While the neural bases of speech and actions vitality forms have been investigated, there is no information on how we recognize others’ mood/attitude by hearing the sound of their actions. In the present fMRI study we investigated the neural basis of vitality forms while participants heard action sounds in two different conditions: sounds resulting from gentle and rude actions, sounds communicating the same actions without vitality forms (control stimuli). Results showed that hearing action sounds conveying rude and gentle vitality forms respect to the control stimuli produced a specific activation of the dorso-central insula. In addition, hearing both vitality forms action sounds and control stimuli produced the activation of the parieto-frontal circuit typically involved in the observation and the execution of arm actions. In conclusion, our data indicate that, the dorso-central insula is a key region involved in the processing of vitality forms regardless of the modality by which they are conveyed.
Hemophilia A and B mice, but not VWF−/−mice, display bone defects in congenital development and remodeling after injury
Authors: Taves Sarah , Sun Junjiang , Livingston Eric W. , Chen Xin , Amiaud Jerome , Brion Regis , Hannah William B. , Bateman Ted A. , Heymann Dominique , Monahan Paul E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile joint damage is the primary co-morbidity of hemophilia, osteoporosis and osteopenia are also observed. Coagulation factor VIII deficient (FVIII−/−) mice develop an osteoporotic phenotype in the absence of induced hemarthrosis that is exacerbated two weeks after an induced joint injury. Here we have compared comprehensively the bone health of clotting factor VIII, factor IX, and Von Willebrand Factor knockout (FVIII−/−, FIX−/−, and VWF−/− respectively) mice both in the absence of joint hemorrhage and following induced joint injury. We found FVIII−/− and FIX−/− mice, but not VWF−/− mice, developmentally have an osteoporotic phenotype. Unilateral induced hemarthrosis causes further bone damage in both FVIII−/− and FIX−/− mice, but has little effect on VWF−/− bone health, indicating that the FVIII.VWF complex is not required for normal bone remodeling in vivo. To further investigate the bone healing following hemarthrosis in hemophilia we examined a two week time course using microCT, serum chemistry, and histological analysis. Elevated ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), increased osterix+ osteoblastic cells, and decreased smoothness of the cortical bone surface were evident within several days of injury, indicative of acute heterotopic mineralization along the cortical surface. This was closely followed by increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, increased osteoclast numbers, and significant trabecular bone loss. Uncoupled and disorganized bone formation and resorption continued for the duration of the study resulting in significant deterioration of the joint. Further elucidation of the shared mechanisms underlying abnormal bone homeostasis in the absence of FVIII or FIX is needed to guide evidence-based approaches to the screening and treatment of the prevalent bone defects in hemophilia A and B.
Negativity-bias in forming beliefs about own abilities
Authors: Müller-Pinzler Laura , Czekalla Nora , Mayer Annalina V. , Stolz David S. , Gazzola Valeria , Keysers Christian , Paulus Frieder M. , Krach Sören 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring everyday interactions people constantly receive feedback on their behavior, which shapes their beliefs about themselves. While classic studies in the field of social learning suggest that people have a tendency to learn better from good news (positivity bias) when they perceive little opportunities to immediately improve their own performance, we show updating is biased towards negative information when participants perceive the opportunity to adapt their performance during learning. In three consecutive experiments we applied a computational modeling approach on the subjects’ learning behavior and reveal the negativity bias was specific for learning about own compared to others’ performances and was modulated by prior beliefs about the self, i.e. stronger negativity bias in individuals lower in self-esteem. Social anxiety affected self-related negativity biases only when individuals were exposed to a judging audience thereby potentially explaining the persistence of negative self-images in socially anxious individuals which commonly surfaces in social settings. Self-related belief formation is therefore surprisingly negatively biased in situations suggesting opportunities to improve and this bias is shaped by trait differences in self-esteem and social anxiety.
QTL mapping and genome-wide prediction of heat tolerance in multiple connected populations of temperate maize
Authors: Inghelandt Delphine Van , Frey Felix P. , Ries David , Stich Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimate change will lead to increasing heat stress in the temperate regions of the world. The objectives of this study were the following: (I) to assess the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of traits related to heat tolerance of maize seedlings and dissect their genetic architecture by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, (II) to compare the prediction ability of genome-wide prediction models using various numbers of KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and RAD (restriction site-associated DNA sequencing) SNPs, and (III) to examine the prediction ability of intra-, inter-, and mixed-pool calibrations. For the heat susceptibility index of five of the nine studied traits, we identified a total of six QTL, each explaining individually between 7 and 9% of the phenotypic variance. The prediction abilities observed for the genome-wide prediction models were high, especially for the within-population calibrations, and thus, the use of such approaches to select for heat tolerance at seedling stage is recommended. Furthermore, we have shown that for the traits examined in our study, populations created from inter-pool crosses are suitable training sets to predict populations derived from intra-pool crosses.
Association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality in the general population of northern China
Authors: Li Xintao , Guan Bo , Wang Yanjun , Tse Gary , Zou Fuquan , Khalid Bin Waleed , Xia Yunlong , Wu Shouling , Sun Jianhui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent studies proposed reasonable doubts about the good prognosis of very high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). We aimed to investigate the association between HDL-c levels and all-cause mortality using data from an observational cohort study in northern China from 2006 to 2015. The study population was stratified into six groups by HDL-c levels in mg/dl (<40, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, ≥80). Cox hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between HDL-c levels and all-cause mortality. In total, 100,070 participants (aged 51.9 ± 12.7 years) were included in the current analysis. During a mean follow-up of 8.76 years, 7,362 deaths were identified (mortality rate, 8.40 per 1000 person-years). There was a significant interaction effect between age and HDL-c levels (P for interaction < 0.001). Among individuals aged 65 and older, no significant association was found between HDL-c levels and total mortality. In contrast, HDL-c levels showed a U-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality in younger participants (<65 years old), and very high HDL-c levels (≥80 mg/dl) were independently associated with increased total mortality risk compared with the reference level (60 to 69 mg/dl). These findings suggest that very high HDL-c levels may not represent a good prognosis, especially in younger individuals.
E. coli primase and DNA polymerase III holoenzyme are able to bind concurrently to a primed template during DNA replication
Authors: Bogutzki Andrea , Naue Natalie , Litz Lidia , Pich Andreas , Curth Ute 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring DNA replication in E. coli, a switch between DnaG primase and DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (pol III) activities has to occur every time when the synthesis of a new Okazaki fragment starts. As both primase and the χ subunit of pol III interact with the highly conserved C-terminus of single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), it had been proposed that the binding of both proteins to SSB is mutually exclusive. Using a replication system containing the origin of replication of the single-stranded DNA phage G4 (G4ori) saturated with SSB, we tested whether DnaG and pol III can bind concurrently to the primed template. We found that the addition of pol III does not lead to a displacement of primase, but to the formation of higher complexes. Even pol III-mediated primer elongation by one or several DNA nucleotides does not result in the dissociation of DnaG. About 10 nucleotides have to be added in order to displace one of the two primase molecules bound to SSB-saturated G4ori. The concurrent binding of primase and pol III is highly plausible, since even the SSB tetramer situated directly next to the 3′-terminus of the primer provides four C-termini for protein-protein interactions.
Metabolic output defines Escherichia coli as a health-promoting microbe against intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Christofi Theodoulakis , Panayidou Stavria , Dieronitou Irini , Michael Christina , Apidianakis Yiorgos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGut microbiota acts as a barrier against intestinal pathogens, but species-specific protection of the host from infection remains relatively unexplored. Although lactobacilli and bifidobacteria produce beneficial lactic and short-chain fatty acids in the mammalian gut, the significance of intestinal Escherichia coli producing these acids is debatable. Taking a Koch’s postulates approach in reverse, we define Escherichia coli as health-promoting for naturally colonizing the gut of healthy mice and protecting them against intestinal colonization and concomitant mortality by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Reintroduction of faecal bacteria and E. coli in antibiotic-treated mice establishes a high titre of E. coli in the host intestine and increases defence against P. aeruginosa colonization and mortality. Strikingly, high sugar concentration favours E. coli fermentation to lactic and acetic acid and inhibits P. aeruginosa growth and virulence in aerobic cultures and in a model of aerobic metabolism in flies, while dietary vegetable fats - not carbohydrates or proteins - favour E. coli fermentation and protect the host in the anaerobic mouse gut. Thus E. coli metabolic output is an important indicator of resistance to infection. Our work may also suggest that the lack of antimicrobial bacterial metabolites in mammalian lungs and wounds allows P. aeruginosa to be a formidable microbe at these sites.
Source apportionment of micronutrients in the diets of Kilimanjaro,Tanzania and Counties of Western Kenya
Authors: Watts Michael J. , Middleton Daniel R. S. , Marriott Andrew L. , Humphrey Olivier S. , Hamilton Elliott M. , Gardner Amanda , Smith Martin , McCormack Valerie A. , Menya Diana , Munishi Michael O. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Osano Odipo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSoil, water and food supply composition data have been combined to primarily estimate micronutrient intakes and subsequent risk of deficiencies in each of the regions studied by generating new data to supplement and update existing food balance sheets. These data capture environmental influences, such as soil chemistry and the drinking water sources to provide spatially resolved crop and drinking water composition data, where combined information is currently limited, to better inform intervention strategies to target micronutrient deficiencies. Approximately 1500 crop samples were analysed, representing 86 food items across 50 sites in Tanzania in 2013 and >230 sites in Western Kenya between 2014 and 2018. Samples were analysed by ICP-MS for 58 elements, with this paper focussing on calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), iodine (I), zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo). In general, micronutrient supply from food groups was higher from Kilimanjaro,Tanzania than Counties in Western Kenya, albeit from a smaller sample. For both countries leafy vegetable and vegetable food groups consistently contained higher median micronutrient concentrations compared to other plant based food groups. Overall, calculated deficiency rates were <1% for Cu and Mo and close to or >90% for Ca, Zn and I in both countries. For Mg, a slightly lower risk of deficiency was calculated for Tanzania at 0 to 1% across simplified soil classifications and for female/males, compared to 3 to 20% for Kenya. A significant difference was observed for Se, where a 3 to 28% risk of deficiency was calculated for Tanzania compared to 93 to 100% in Kenya. Overall, 11 soil predictor variables, including pH and organic matter accounted for a small proportion of the variance in the elemental concentration of food. Tanzanian drinking water presented several opportunities for delivering greater than 10% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) for micronutrients. For example, 1 to 56% of the EAR for I and up to 10% for Se or 37% for Zn could be contributed via drinking water.
An Atlantic-driven rapid circulation change in the North Pacific Ocean during the late 1990s
Authors: Wu Chau-Ron , Lin Yong-Fu , Wang You-Lin , Keenlyside Noel , Yu Jin-Yi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInterbasin interactions have been increasingly emphasized in recent years due to their roles in shaping climate trends and the global warming hiatus in the northern hemisphere. The profound influence from the North Atlantic on the Tropical Pacific has been a primary focus. In this study, we conducted observational analyses and numerical modeling experiments to show that the North Atlantic has also strongly influenced the Extratropical North Pacific. A rapid and synchronous change in the atmospheric and oceanic circulations was observed in the North Pacific during the late 1990s. The change was driven by the transbasin influence from the Atlantic Ocean. During the positive phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) since the 1990s, the anomalously warm North Atlantic triggers a series of zonally symmetric and asymmetric transbasin teleconnections involving the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Walker and Hadley circulations, and Rossby wave propagation that lead to a decrease in wind stress curls over the Pacific subtropics, resulting in an abrupt weakening in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG) and the Kuroshio Current.
Glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) imprint the magnetic direction of tidal currents from their juvenile estuaries
Authors: Cresci Alessandro , Durif Caroline M. , Paris Claire B. , Shema Steven D. , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe European eel (Anguilla anguilla) hatches in the Sargasso Sea and migrates to European and North African freshwater. As glass eels, they reach estuaries where they become pigmented. Glass eels use a tidal phase-dependent magnetic compass for orientation, but whether their magnetic direction is innate or imprinted during migration is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that glass eels imprint their tidal-dependent magnetic compass direction at the estuaries where they recruit. We collected 222 glass eels from estuaries flowing in different cardinal directions in Austevoll, Norway. We observed the orientation of the glass eels in a magnetic laboratory where the magnetic North was rotated. Glass eels oriented towards the magnetic direction of the prevailing tidal current occurring at their recruitment estuary. Glass eels use their magnetic compass to memorize the magnetic direction of tidal flows. This mechanism could help them to maintain their position in an estuary and to migrate upstream.
SiGe/Si hetero nanotube JLFET for improved performance: proposal and investigation
Authors: Thakur A. , Dhiman R. 
Published: October 2019

The authors report, for the first time, a novel SiGe/Si n‐type hetero nanotube (HNT) junctionless field‐effect transistor (JLFET), which leads to a remarkably enhanced performance below the sub‐10 nm gate length. It is shown that valence band discontinuity in the HNT JLFET causes tunnelling width of the channel–drain interface to increase and therefore diminishes the lateral tunnelling of electrons in the OFF state. The impact of high‐κ spacers and core gate diameter on the dynamic performance of HNT JLFET has also been studied. They show that the inclusion of high‐κ spacers does not affect the dynamic performance of the HNT JLFET. It is demonstrated using calibrated 2D simulations that the proposed device exhibits a smaller value of DIBL 4 mV/V, sub‐threshold slope almost 60 mV/decade, and an improved ION/IOFF ratio of ∼1012 even for sub‐10 nm gate lengths.
SIW filter with broadband stopband by suppressing the coupling of higher‐order resonant modes
Authors: Cheng Fei , Li Xuan‐Tan , Lu Ping , Huang Kama 
Published: October 2019

This Letter presents a third‐order multilayer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter with broadband stopband. The filter is composed of three vertically stacked square SIW cavities. The input/output feeding structure and the coupling slot in the middle metal layer of two cavities are properly designed to just allow the fundamental resonant mode to a couple while other higher spurious resonant modes are isolated. The fabricated filter is at a centre frequency of 6.96 GHz with a stopband suppression of 24 dB up to 2.77f0.
Focused transmitarray antenna using I‐shaped slot elements for microwave measurements
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Li Xiaoping , Huang He , Ouyang Wenchong , Zhao Chengwei , Sun Chao 
Published: October 2019

A focused transmitarray antenna is presented in this Letter. To appraise the antenna, a quad‐metallic‐layer focused transmitarray antenna using I‐shaped all‐metal slot elements with an air gap between every two layers has been analysed, simulated and measured. It is illustrated that the electric field strength value at a distance of 3.1λ0 from the transmitarray antenna reaches a maximum at 9.3 GHz operating frequency. It is the first time that a focal plane of approximately one wavelength has been achieved with a focused transmitarray antenna consisting of all‐metal elements. Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has good concordance, making it possible for microwave measurements.
Balanced sampling switch for high linearity and a wide temperature range in low power SAR ADCs
Authors: Kim J.E. , Yoo T. , Baek K.‐H. , Kim T.T.‐H. 
Published: October 2019

This Letter proposes a balanced sampling switch technique for achieving high linearity and a wide temperature range. The proposed technique reduces the VDS of the NMOS sampling switch for reducing the leakage current through the switch during the hold mode. This operation is implemented by a mini capacitive digital‐to‐analogue converter (C‐DAC) that mimics the main C‐DAC used for main SAR conversion. The proposed sampling switch is applied to a 10‐bit, 0.5 V SAR ADC with 5 Msample/s and verified by comprehensive simulation. Compared to the conventional sampling switch without the mini C‐DAC, the proposed switch improves SFDR and SNDR by 27.52 dBc and 11.8 dB, respectively, at the FF corner and 120°C.
HAD fabricated on UTB AlGaN/GaN heterostructure for high‐sensitivity zero‐bias microwave detection
Authors: Yun Yu , Xiong Wei , Shi Yu , Chen Kuangli , Zhou Qi 
Published: October 2019

A novel technology based on aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN)/GaN hybrid‐anode diode (HAD) for precise modulation of turn‐on voltage is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By delicately tailoring the as‐grown barrier thickness, the turn‐on voltage of the HAD and yet the non‐linearity at zero bias (i.e. 0 V) for efficient microwave detection can be flexibly modulated. An AlGaN/GaN ultra‐thin‐barrier HAD (UTB‐HAD) was designed and fabricated for zero‐bias microwave detection. The AlGaN‐barrier thickness was optimised to be 5 nm by TCAD simulation, which yields a strong non‐linearity at zero bias featuring a high‐curvature coefficient (γ) of 27 V−1 in the fabricated UTB‐HAD. The first‐order voltage sensitivity βV is projected to be as high as 2.7 mV/μW. The proposed approach of precise sensitivity modulation is of great interests for high‐efficient zero‐bias microwave detection applications.
Novel electromagnetic bandgap structure for wideband suppression of simultaneous switching noise
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Zhao Wen‐Sheng , Liu Qi , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: October 2019

A novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is proposed to suppress the simultaneous switching noise in high‐speed circuits. The proposed EBG pattern is etched on the power plane while the ground plane remains intact. The unit is composed of an S‐bridge EBG embedded with a coplanar EBG. The proposed EBG structure possesses an ultrawide bandgap extending from 0.28 to 25 GHz when the suppression depth is −45 dB. A prototype of the proposed EBG power plane is fabricated and tested, and good agreement is achieved between the simulation and the measurement.
Short‐channel MOSFET for terahertz wave detection fabricated in 55 nm silicon CMOS process technology
Authors: Shang Dechun , Xing Yingying , Sun Penglin 
Published: October 2019

Terahertz (THz) detectors imaging is an attractive technology that has been widely adopted in various imaging applications, but the low response has always been a critical problem for THz detectors. Here, the authors present some antenna‐coupled 2.58 THz detectors fabricated using 55 nm CMOS process technology for the terahertz wave detection well beyond the device cut‐off frequency, each detector consists of a patch antenna and one or few short‐channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect‐transistors (MOSFETs). The authors demonstrated two drain‐driven detectors different from the commonly used configurations, and proved that this structure can effectively improve the response to the quantum cascade laser. The output signal is extracted with a lock‐in amplifier under room temperature.
Position sensorless control for doubly salient electro‐magnetic motor based on the terminal voltage
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Wang Huizhen , Wang Yongjie , Xiao Lan , Huang Zelei 
Published: October 2019

A sensorless control method based on the terminal voltage for doubly salient electro‐magnetic motor (DSEM) is researched here. The negative‐going zero‐crossing point (NGZCP) of the fundamental component of terminal voltage is detected to obtain the rotor position. Firstly, a fourth Butterworth filter is introduced to extract the fundamental component of the terminal voltage. The ratio of signal frequency to cut‐off frequency f/fc is optimised to acquire good filtering effect and good dynamic performance. Moreover, on this basis, the speed range is divided into several intervals to match the filters with different cut‐off frequencies. Secondly, the coordinate transformation is adopted to compensate for the phase difference between the NGZCPs of the extracted voltages with the ideal commutation points. The transformation angle is obtained by offline simulation and test. An 18 kW DSEM prototype is tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.