bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Vortex Waves in Nonadiabatic Flows
Authors: Ibáñez S. Miguel H. , Núñez Luis A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Linear disturbances superposed on steady flows in nonadiabatic plasmas are analyzed. In addition to the potential modes resulting (two sound waves and a thermal mode) that are Doppler shifted, a rotational mode appears identified as an entropy-vortex wave (evw) which is carried along by the gas flow. In adiabatic flows, as well as in nonadiabatic flows, the evw always shows a null pressure disturbance. But in the second case, the wave number of the evw disturbance is fixed for the particular thermal conditions of the gas. The above holds for optically thin gases, as well as for radiating flows, if the dynamical effects of the radiation field are neglected in a first approximation. The above results allow us to calculate the dimensions of the vortex elements that are expected to be formed in nonadiabatic gas flows, particularly in hot ionized plasmas of interest in astrophysics.
A Gaussian Mixture Model for Nulling Pulsars
Authors: Kaplan D. L. , Swiggum J. K. , Fichtenbauer T. D. J. , Vallisneri M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The phenomenon of pulsar nulling—where pulsars occasionally turn off for one or more pulses—provides insight into pulsar-emission mechanisms and the processes by which pulsars turn off when they cross the “death line.” However, while ever more pulsars are found that exhibit nulling behavior, the statistical techniques used to measure nulling are biased, with limited utility and precision. In this paper, we introduce an improved algorithm, based on Gaussian mixture models, for measuring pulsar nulling behavior. We demonstrate this algorithm on a number of pulsars observed as part of a larger sample of nulling pulsars, and show that it performs considerably better than existing techniques, yielding better precision and no bias. We further validate our algorithm on simulated data. Our algorithm is widely applicable to a large number of pulsars even if they do not show obvious nulls. Moreover, it can be used to derive nulling probabilities of nulling for individual pulses, which can be used for in-depth studies.
The Optical/Near-infrared Extinction Law in Highly Reddened Regions
Authors: Hosek Matthew W. , Lu Jessica R. , Anderson Jay , Do Tuan , Schlafly Edward F. , Ghez Andrea M. , Clarkson William I. , Morris Mark R. , Albers Saundra M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A precise extinction law is a critical input when interpreting observations of highly reddened sources such as young star clusters and the Galactic Center (GC). We use Hubble Space Telescope observations of a region of moderate extinction and a region of high extinction to measure the optical and near-infrared extinction law (0.8–2.2 μm). The moderate-extinction region is the young massive cluster Westerlund 1 (Wd1; A

Ks
∼ 0.6 mag), where 453 proper-motion selected main-sequence stars are used to measure the shape of the extinction law. To quantify the shape, we define the parameter

, which behaves similarly to a color-excess ratio, but is continuous as a function of wavelength. The high-extinction region is the GC (A

Ks
∼ 2.5 mag), where 819 red clump stars are used to determine the normalization of the law. The best-fit extinction law is able to reproduce the Wd1 main-sequence colors, which previous laws misestimate by 10%–30%. The law is inconsistent with a single power law, even when only the near-infrared filters are considered, and has A
F125W/A

Ks
and A
F814W/A

Ks
values that are 18% and 24% higher than the commonly used Nishiyama et al. law, respectively. Using this law, we recalculate the Wd1 distance to be 3905 ± 422 pc from published observations of the eclipsing binary W13. This new extinction law should be used for highly reddened populations in the Milky Way, such as the Quintuplet cluster and Young Nuclear Cluster. A python code is provided to generate the law for future use.
The Distance to and the Near-infrared Extinction of the Monoceros Supernova Remnant
Authors: Zhao He , Jiang Biwei , Gao Shuang , Li Jun , Sun Mingxu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Supernova remnants (SNRs) contain information on the influence of supernova explosions on dust properties. Based on the color indices from the Two Micron All Sky Survey and the stellar parameters from the SDSS–DR12/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and LAMOST−DR2/LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration spectroscopic surveys, the near-infrared extinction law of and the distance to the Monoceros SNR are derived together with those of two nebulae close to it, the Rosette Nebula and NGC 2264. The distance is found at the position of the sharp increase of the interstellar extinction with distance, and the nebular extinction is calculated by subtracting the foreground interstellar extinction. The distance to the Monoceros SNR is determined to be 1.98 kpc, larger than previous values. Meanwhile, the distance to the Rosette Nebula is 1.55 kpc, which is generally consistent with previous work. The distance between these two nebulae suggests no interaction between them. The distance to NGC 2264, 1.20 kpc, exceeds previous values. The color excess ratio,

, is 0.657 for the Monoceros SNR, consistent with the average value of 0.652 for the Milky Way. This consistency results from the fact that the SNR material is dominated by interstellar dust rather than by supernova ejecta.

is equal to 0.658 for the Rosette Nebula, further proving the universality of the near-infrared extinction law.
An MHD Simulation of Solar Active Region 11158 Driven with a Time-dependent Electric Field Determined from HMI Vector Magnetic Field Measurement Data
Authors: Hayashi Keiji , Feng Xueshang , Xiong Ming , Jiang Chaowei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
For realistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation of the solar active region (AR), two types of capabilities are required. The first is the capability to calculate the bottom-boundary electric field vector, with which the observed magnetic field can be reconstructed through the induction equation. The second is a proper boundary treatment to limit the size of the sub-Alfvénic simulation region. We developed (1) a practical inversion method to yield the solar-surface electric field vector from the temporal evolution of the three components of magnetic field data maps, and (2) a characteristic-based free boundary treatment for the top and side sub-Alfvénic boundary surfaces. We simulate the temporal evolution of AR 11158 over 16 hr for testing, using Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic Magnetic Imager vector magnetic field observation data and our time-dependent three-dimensional MHD simulation with these two features. Despite several assumptions in calculating the electric field and compromises for mitigating computational difficulties at the very low beta regime, several features of the AR were reasonably retrieved, such as twisting field structures, energy accumulation comparable to an X-class flare, and sudden changes at the time of the X-flare. The present MHD model can be a first step toward more realistic modeling of AR in the future.
Thermal Jeans Fragmentation within ∼1000 au in OMC-1S
Authors: Palau Aina , Zapata Luis A. , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Estalella Robert , Busquet Gemma , Girart Josep M. , Fuente Asunción , Commerçon Benoit 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present subarcsecond 1.3 mm continuum ALMA observations toward the Orion Molecular Cloud 1 South (OMC-1S) region, down to a spatial resolution of 74 au, which reveal a total of 31 continuum sources. We also present subarcsecond 7 mm continuum VLA observations of the same region, which allow further study of fragmentation down to a spatial resolution of 40 au. By applying a method of “mean surface density of companions” we find a characteristic spatial scale at ∼560 au, and we use this spatial scale to define the boundary of 19 “cores” in OMC-1S as groupings of millimeter sources. We find an additional characteristic spatial scale at ∼2800 au, which is the typical scale of the filaments in OMC-1S, suggesting a two-level fragmentation process. We measured the fragmentation level within each core and find a higher fragmentation toward the southern filament. In addition, the cores of the southern filament are also the densest cores (within 1100 au) in OMC-1S. This is fully consistent with previous studies of fragmentation at spatial scales one order of magnitude larger, and suggests that fragmentation down to 40 au seems to be governed by thermal Jeans processes in OMC-1S.
The Morphological Evolution, AGN Fractions, Dust Content, Environments, and Downsizing of Massive Green Valley Galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 in 3D-HST/CANDELS
Authors: Gu Yizhou , Fang Guanwen , Yuan Qirong , Cai Zhenyi , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
To explore the evolutionary connection among red, green, and blue galaxy populations, based on a sample of massive (

) galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 in five 3D-HST/CANDELS fields, we investigate the dust content, morphologies, structures, active galactic nucleus (AGN) fractions, and environments of these three populations. Green valley galaxies are found to have intermediate dust attenuation and reside in the middle of the regions occupied by quiescent and star-forming galaxies in the UVJ diagram. Compared with blue and red galaxy populations at z < 2, green galaxies have intermediate compactness and morphological parameters. The above findings seem to favor the scenario that green galaxies are at a transitional phase when star-forming galaxies are being quenched into quiescent status. The green galaxies at z < 2 show the highest AGN fraction, suggesting that AGN feedback may have played an important role in star formation quenching. For the massive galaxies at 2 < z < 2.5, both red and green galaxies are found to have a similarly higher AGN fraction than the blue ones, which implies that AGN feedback may help to keep quiescence of red galaxies at z > 2. A significant environmental difference is found between green and red galaxies at z < 1.5. Green and blue galaxies at z > 0.5 seem to have similar local density distributions, suggesting that environment quenching is not the major mechanism to cease star formation at z > 0.5. The fractions of three populations as functions of mass support a “downsizing” quenching picture that the bulk of star formation in more massive galaxies is completed earlier than that of lower-mass galaxies.
Filamentary Fragmentation and Accretion in High-mass Star-forming Molecular Clouds
Authors: Lu 吕 Xing 行 , Zhang Qizhou , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Sanhueza Patricio , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Feng Siyi , Smith Howard A. , Myers Philip C. , Sridharan T. K. , Gu Qiusheng 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Filamentary structures are ubiquitous in high-mass star-forming molecular clouds. Their relation with high-mass star formation is still to be understood. Here we report interferometric observations toward eight filamentary high-mass star-forming clouds. A total of 50 dense cores are identified in these clouds, most of which present signatures of high-mass star formation. Five of them are not associated with any star formation indicators and hence are prestellar core candidates. Evolutionary phases of these cores and their line widths, temperatures,

abundances, and virial parameters are found to be correlated. In a subsample of four morphologically well-defined filaments, we find that their fragmentation cannot be solely explained by thermal or turbulence pressure support. We also investigate distributions of gas temperatures and nonthermal motions along the filaments and find a spatial correlation between nonthermal line widths and star formation activities. We find evidence of gas flows along these filaments and derive an accretion rate along filaments of ∼10−4

. These results suggest a strong relationship between massive filaments and high-mass star formation, through (i) filamentary fragmentation in very early evolutionary phases to form dense cores, (ii) accretion flows along filaments that are important for the growth of dense cores and protostars, and (iii) enhancement of nonthermal motion in the filaments by the feedback or accretion during star formation.
Penetration of Cosmic Rays into Dense Molecular Clouds: Role of Diffuse Envelopes∗
Authors: Ivlev A. V. , Dogiel V. A. , Chernyshov D. O. , Caselli P. , Ko C.-M. , Cheng K. S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A flux of cosmic rays (CRs) propagating through a diffuse ionized gas can excite MHD waves, thus generating magnetic disturbances. We propose a generic model of CR penetration into molecular clouds through their diffuse envelopes, and identify the leading physical processes controlling their transport on the way from a highly ionized interstellar medium to the dense interior of the cloud. The model allows us to describe a transition between a free streaming of CRs and their diffusive propagation, determined by the scattering on the self-generated disturbances. A self-consistent set of equations, governing the diffusive transport regime in an envelope and the MHD turbulence generated by the modulated CR flux, is characterized by two dimensionless numbers. We demonstrate a remarkable mutual complementarity of different mechanisms leading to the onset of the diffusive regime, which results in a universal energy spectrum of the modulated CRs. In conclusion, we briefly discuss implications of our results for several fundamental astrophysical problems, such as the spatial distribution of CRs in the Galaxy as well as the ionization, heating, and chemistry in dense molecular clouds.
Vie intime, affective, sexuelle et situations de handicap. Mobilisons-nous !
Authors: Ribes Pascale , Bourden Aude 
Published: March 2018

La question de la vie intime, affective et sexuelle est depuis longtemps au cœur des préoccupations de l’APF. Est-ce un droit ou une liberté ? L’APF appelle à dépasser ce débat pour lever enfin les freins à son accès effectif : isolement, inaccessibilité, représentations sociales, législation. Pour cela l’APF s’engage politiquement au niveau national et de manière opérationnelle sur les territoires. Car si le sujet est aujourd’hui plus connu et reconnu, plus que jamais il nous faut militer avec force et détermination pour faire entendre notre voix.
Entre passage à l’acte et agression sexuelle : Quels repères ?
Authors: Durand Bernard , Monod Guillaume 
Published: March 2018

Il n’est pas possible d’aborder la question de la vie affective et sexuelle des personnes en situation de handicap sans évoquer le cas particulier des conduites déviantes en institution, pouvant avoir une dimension délictuelle, voire criminologique. Pendant des décennies, le silence a prévalu dans les différentes institutions, que ce soit l’hôpital censé soigner des personnes affectées de troubles psychiques ou l’internat médico-éducatif accueillant des personnes dites handicapées mentales. C’est la logique de l’institution « totale », au sens d’Erving Goffman 1 , qui gère le quotidien des personnes qu’elle héberge en s’octroyant notamment un droit de regard sur l’ensemble de leur vie personnelle, y compris leur intimité et leur pudeur. Dans le même temps, cette institution totale ferme les yeux sur la réalité des manifestations pulsionnelles en ne faisant guère de différence entre les pratiques masturbatoires, les rapports hétérosexuels ou homosexuels.
Community harvesting of trees used as dens and for food by the tree hyrax <i>(Dendrohyrax arboreus)</i> in the Pirie forest, South Africa
Authors: Opperman Elizabeth J. , Cherry Michael I. , Makunga Nokwanda P. 
Published: March 2018

Forests in South Africa are harvested by local communities for multiple purposes and this affects the animals that inhabit them. The tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax arboreus) has a restricted distribution and utilises various tree species as dens and a source of food. In this article, we determined, through a series of interviews in the communities surrounding the Pirie forest, which plant species are harvested by local people and whether these overlap with those used by the tree hyrax. In addition, we determined the extent to which tree hyraxes are hunted by these communities. Of the trees used by the hyrax as dens in the Pirie forest, Afrocarpus falcatus, Schotia latifolia, Andrachne ovalis, Teclea natalensis and Apodytes dimidiata are important resources for local communities. But as these are harvested at relatively low levels, it is unlikely that current harvesting has a large impact on the tree hyrax. Opportunistic hunting occurs, but the hyrax is not targeted by hunters. Very limited commercial harvesting of A. falcatus has been taking place in the Pirie forest since 1975, but its impact on the hyrax population, although undetermined, is also unlikely to be high. We recommend that the Pirie forest tree hyrax population should be monitored by forest management in order to ascertain the impact of both commercial and community harvesting over the past quarter-century.Conservation implications: Tree hyrax populations in the Pirie forest should be actively monitored by management on an annual basis.
Más allá de las hurdes: Buñuel en el laberinto de las tortugas
Authors: Meneu Oset Ignacio 
Published: March 2018

<p>Extremadura tuvo su protagonismo en los años 30 de la mano del gran cineasta Luis Buñuel, quien rodó en una de las zonas más deprimidas su documental Las Hurdes, tierra sin pan (Luis Buñuel, 1932). Este proyecto pudo realizarse gracias a la fortuna de su amigo Ramón Acín quien, tras obtener un premio en la Lotería, financió el documental que marcaría un antes y un después en la carrera cinematográfica de Buñuel. Y ahora, 85 años más tarde, Buñuel vuelve a Extremadura, como inspirador de una película basada en la novela gráfica de Fermín Solís, llamada Buñuel en el laberinto de las tortugas. Una producción de animación 2D para adultos en un territorio nada habitual para este tipo de trabajos, Extremadura. Y precisamente al sur de Las Hurdes está Almendralejo, donde se encuentra The Glow Animation Studio, a quienes hemos visitado para que nos cuenten todos los detalles de esta ambiciosa producción. </p>
Desarrollando Porto: un videojuego sobre patrimonio cultural
Authors: Roque López Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2018

<p>Este artículo presenta los resultados de una propuesta multidisciplinar centrada en la construcción de un espacio de interacción entre el patrimonio cultural y artístico de la ciudad de Oporto y el jugador, por medio del desarrollo de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje sobre la piedra angular de los videojuegos, como modelo generador de experiencias inmersivas y de aprendizaje a partir del entretenimiento. Para ello, analizaremos el proceso de creación del videojuego Porto (IDECA, 2017), actualmente en fase de prototipado, cuya jugabilidad demuestra la importancia de los videojuegos como herramienta para el desarrollo de las competencias de los alumnos de secundaria y la viabilidad de los modelos de desarrollo basados en técnicas de fotogrametría y de Game Kits. </p>
Process Evaluation of introducing Online Faculty Evaluation by Residents at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Humayun Khadija N , Qamar Farah N , Saeed Sana , Memon Fozia , Khowaja Asif R 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Faculty evaluation by resident physicians is uncommon in postgraduate medical education. This study is designed to conduct process evaluation of an online faculty evaluation by postgraduate residents at Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials and methods
Action research design was utilized, and qualitative assessments were conducted between April and May 2013 at a private tertiary care hospital in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. Data were collected from the pediatric faculty and residents through focus group discussions (FGDs). The transcribed data were analyzed using computer software QSR NVivo version 10.0, and themes and subthemes were drawn.

Results
A total of five FGDs were conducted, three with faculty members and two with residents. The participants agreed that faculty evaluation is a critical element of the residency program, as it not only facilitates in identifying areas of improvement, but also contributes toward faculty's professional growth. However, ambiguity about the purpose of evaluation, lack of understanding of the components of the online evaluation form, and problems with rating scale and review process were reported. A large majority of participants recommended arranging motivation sessions for faculty and residents, ensuring privacy of rating by residents, modifying the rating scale and analysis, and defining the process of reviewing and sharing the feedback with faculties.

Conclusion
Process evaluation was an important exercise and it helped to understand and improve the online faculty evaluation in the pediatric residency program.

How to cite this article
Humayun KN, Qamar FN, Saeed S, Memon F, Khowaja AR. Process Evaluation of introducing Online Faculty Evaluation by Residents at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2018;52(1):16-21.
Unusual Coexistence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Hydatid Disease
Authors: Joshi Jyotsna , Utpat Ketaki , Laldayal Deepthi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis and hydatidosis are both infectious diseases commonly involving the pulmonary system and exhibiting a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of varying severity. The simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and hydatid disease is extremely rare, reported sporadically in the literature. We herein report two cases where this rare coexistence was proven after radiological features aroused suspicion. The first patient was a young female with a short history of fever and cough. She had miliary mottling and a cystic lesion on imaging. Second patient was an elderly lady with a long-standing cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. She had multiple cystic and cavitatory lesions on imaging. Both of them were managed with medical therapy successfully. The possibility of hydatid tuberculosis coinfection should be kept in mind in endemic areas in the relevant clinical scenarios.

How to cite this article
Laldayal D, Utpat K, Joshi JM. Unusual Coexistence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Hydatid Disease. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2018;52(1):36-39.
Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Ultrasound vs Interferential Therapy to reduce Pain and improve Functional Ability in Osteoarthritis of Knee
Authors: Das Pallab , Dan Manas K 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Many people develop functional limitation due to pain of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Different physiotherapeutic modalities are commonly used to give treatment for patients with OA knee. This study aims to examine the efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound (UST) vs interferential therapy (IFT) to reduce pain and to improve functional ability in OA knee. Thirty subjects with a mean age of 62.55 ± 6.25 years having clinical diagnosis of OA of knee were randomly allocated to two study groups, namely groups I and II, each of 15 patients. Group I received UST and therapeutic exercise and group II received IFT and same therapeutic exercise designed for OA knee, conducted five times a week for 2 weeks. The outcome of this intervention was measured in terms of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, pain relief in terms of visual analog scale (VAS), and active range of motion (ROM). It was concluded that IFT could be the better choice of modality than UST in the management of OA of knee.

Clinical significance
This study helped us to formulate a better therapeutic approach of OA of knee.

How to cite this article
Das P, Dan MK. Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Ultrasound vs Interferential Therapy to reduce Pain and improve Functional Ability in Osteoarthritis of Knee. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(3):100-105.