bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential hematopoietic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Ermolaev N , Willixhofer R , Kronberger C , Rettl R , Binder C , Duca F , Nitsche C , Kammerlander A , Poledniczek M , Gregshammer B , Ahmadi-Fazel D , Kastner J , Bergler-Klein J , Badr-Eslam R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been revealed to have potential hematopoietic effects in patients with heart failure (HF), leading to an improvement in clinical outcome. However, these benefits have not been studied in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA), despite CA often causing symptoms of heart failure (HF) and contributing to an iron-deficient state, which further complicates by limiting erythropoiesis and lowering haemoglobin and haemotocrit levels. We aimed to determine the potential of SGLT2i in improving haematological parameters and functional capacity (FC) in amyloidosis patients.

Methods
A prospective analysis was conducted to compare the effects of SGLT2i in a cohort of patients who received the best medical therapy (BMT) alongside SGLT2i (n=20), as opposed to patients receiving only BMT without SGLT2i (n=20). All of patients underwent blood testing and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at baseline and after 6 months (IQR:5.0 – 6.0).

Results
The SGLT2i-based therapy resulted in a significant improvement and difference in hematological parameters upon follow-up assessment compared to the control group. In the SGLT2i group, the mean haemoglobin level increased from 13.3 g/dL to 14.5 g/dL, whereas in the control group, it decreased from 12.7 g/dL to 10.9 g/dL (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the haematocrit difference showed a significant increase in the SGLT2i group (+3.8%) compared to a decrease in the control group (-4.4%) (P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, the iron status improved in the SGLT2i-treated group (+6.7 µg/dL) compared to a decrease in the control group (-14.9 µg/dL), although the difference was significant only with a p-value of 0.034. However, neither group demonstrated significant improvement nor regression in CPET parameters. The peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2, (ml/min)/kg) showed no significant change in either group (P = 0.286), as well as VE/VCO2 slope (P = 0.295).

Conclusions
Treatment with SGLT2i could be utilized in the treatment of patients with amyloidosis. This potential benefit in improving hematological parameters warrants further investigation and consideration in clinical practice.
Risk of death, thromboembolic events, and bleeding in elderly patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Clinical Complexity who are not taking oral anticoagulation
Authors: Bucci T , Romiti G F , Hironori I , Gerra L , Huang B , Proietti M , Lip G Y H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) often exhibit Clinical Complexity (CC), defined as ≥2 features, i.e. patients aged ≥75 years plus a body mass index (BMI) &lt; 23/kg/m2 and/or bleeding history and/or chronic kidney disease. No data are available about the clinical course of patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and CC who are not taking oral anticoagulation (OAC).

Purpose
To assess the risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and CC who are not taking OAC.

Methods
Retrospective study with a health care research network (TriNetX). Based on the ICD-10-CM codes entered between 2011-2022 from 85 health care organizations mainly located in the United States, AF patients ≥75 years with CC were categorized into two groups based on the use of OAC during the last year before the study period. The primary outcomes were the one-year risk of death, major cardiovascular events ([MACE]: heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction), and major bleeding (central nervous system, gastrointestinal, internal bleeding, and hypovolemic shock). Secondary outcomes were each component of the primary outcome and catheter ablation. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs following propensity score matching 1:1.

Results
Overall, we identified 271,402 AF CC patients not on OAC (80.1±6.8 years, 46.5% females) and 87,101 AF CC patients on OAC (79.8±6.5 years, 47.6% females). Before PSM, AF CC patients not on OAC showed no significant differences in cardiovascular and bleeding risk factors but were less treated with pharmacological treatment than AF CC patients on OAC. After PSM, no significant differences were found between the two groups, but AF CC not on OAC were at higher risk of all-cause death (HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.50-1.57), MACE (HR 1.13, 95%CI 1.11-1.16), and major bleeding (HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.31-1.38), when compared to AF CC on OAC. AF CC patients not on OAC were associated with a higher risk of each component of the primary outcome and with a lower use of catheter ablation procedures (HR 0.48, 95%CI 0.43-0.54) (Table 1). The risk of the composite outcomes was the highest in those with all the three CC components. A progressive increase in OAC prescription was observed during the follow-up period, with increasing of NOACs and lower use of warfarin being observed. There was a clear temporal relationship between increasing OAC prescription and incidence of bleeding in CC patients (Figure 1)

Conclusions
AF CC patients not on OAC have a high risk of all-cause death, thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. Over time, increasing NOAC use was associated with more bleeding in CC patients. New antithrombotic approaches aimed at reducing thrombotic risk without increasing bleeding risk are needed in these patients.Figure 1 OAC new prescriptions
Edoxaban dose, frailty, and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: the ETNA-AF-Europe 4-year follow-up
Authors: Fumagalli S , Diemberger I , Komen J J , Fronk E M , Kirchhof P , De Caterina R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Frailty is a common reason to choose non-recommended (non-rec) doses of non-vitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); however, it is not known how this practice affects stroke and bleeding outcomes.

Purpose
To assess clinical outcomes in frail patients with AF receiving non-rec vs recommended (rec) doses of edoxaban using 4-yr follow-up data from ETNA-AF-Europe.

Methods
The prospective, observational ETNA-AF-Europe study followed patients with AF receiving edoxaban for up to 4 yrs. In ETNA-AF-Europe, perceived frailty was based on investigators’ own clinical binary judgement in each patient. Objective frailty was determined using a simplified adaptation of the Rockwood’s Frailty Index. For objective frailty, patients with missing index were categorised as non-frail. Patients with perceived or objective frailty were combined for this analysis. Baseline characteristics and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessing risk of outcomes in frail patients prescribed non-rec vs rec edoxaban doses (i.e., non-rec 60mg vs rec 30mg and non-rec 30mg vs rec 60mg) are presented. Data were adjusted for age, sex, and derived versions of the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. Net clinical benefit was defined as any stroke/systemic embolic event (SEE), transient ischaemic attack, venous thromboembolic event, major bleeding, or cardiovascular death, whichever came first.

Results
Of 13164 patients, 1786 were frail (13.6%; perceived frailty [n=1410], age [IQR]: 82.0 [78.0-86.0] yrs, women: 57.9%; objective frailty [n=540], age [IQR]: 77.0 [71.0-82.0] yrs, women: 31.9%; both, n=164). Baseline characteristics are reported in Table 1.
Risk of all-cause death was higher in frail patients treated with non-rec 30mg vs rec 60mg (HR [95% CI]: 1.44 [1.06,1.96]). The annualised rate [CI] of any stroke/SEE was non-significantly higher (HR [95% CI]:1.60 [0.80,3.20]) with non-rec 30mg (n=169; 2.25 [1.25,4.06]) vs rec 60mg (n=622; 1.54 [1.08,2.20]). There was, however, no association between treatment received and risk (HR [95% CI]) of major bleeding (1.19 [0.58,2.43]) or net clinical benefit (1.26 [0.84,1.87]) (Figure 1).
In frail patients who received non-rec 60mg (n=183) vs rec 30mg (n=695), risk of any stroke/SEE (HR [95% CI]) was higher (2.15 [1.03,4.49]), but there were no significant differences in the risk (HR [95% CI]) of major bleeding (1.03 [0.52,2.01]), net clinical benefit (1.15 [0.78,1.71]), or all-cause death (0.79 [0.59,1.05]) (Figure 1).

Conclusions
In this large European AF registry, the presence of frailty should not drive dosing recommendations for edoxaban. In particular, when compared with the rec 60mg dose, the non-rec 30mg (reduced) dose, was associated with more all-cause death and no benefits on major bleeding.Baseline Characteristics
Long-term mortality outcomes of southeast asian patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Ong J , Leow A , Ching K , Goh F Q , Chew N W S , Kong W K F , Yeo T C , Sia C H , Poh K K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Limited data exists on mortality outcomes of aortic stenosis (AS) in Southeast Asians. Insights into this may confer prognostic benefits and affect therapeutic targets.

Purpose
Our study aims to provide insights into 10-year mortality outcomes and prognostic indicators of AS in this cohort.

Methods
Consecutive patients (n = 703) with echocardiographic diagnoses of AS at a tertiary academic hospital in Southeast Asia were studied. Demographics, co-morbidities and outcomes were collected. Multivariate Cox regression model was constructed.

Results
55.2% (n = 388) of patients had mild AS, 29.3% (n = 206) had moderate AS, and 15.5% (n = 109) had severe AS. Out of 431 deaths, 35.8% (n = 86) of known cases were cardiovascular. The leading cause of cardiovascular mortality was coronary-linked in 20.8% (n = 50); 7.9% (n = 19) was valvular aortic stenosis; 2.5% (n = 6) was cardiac failure, 1.3% (n = 3) was sudden cardiac death, and 2.9% (n = 7) was ischaemic stroke. Of 154 (64.2%) non-cardiovascular mortality, sepsis caused 40% (n = 97) of deaths, malignancy in 11.7% (n = 28), renal failure in 5% (n = 12) and respiratory failure in 1.7% (n = 4). 44.3% (n = 191) of cases were unknown. Higher proportions of AS patients with cardiovascular death had hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.027) and coronary artery disease (p = 0.028). Multivariable Cox regression showed age (HR 1.041, 95% CI: 1.020-1.062, p &lt; 0.001), anaemia (HR 2.121, 95% CI: 1.535-2.930, p &lt; 0.001) and prior cardiovascular hospitalisation (HR 1.420, 95% CI: 1.040-1.938, p = 0.027) to be significant predictors of all-cause mortality. Aortic valve replacement was a significant protective factor of all-cause mortality after adjustments for age, gender, comorbidities, and echocardiographic findings (HR 0.313, 95% CI 0.131-0.747, p = 0.009).

Conclusions
Non-cardiovascular death was the leading cause of mortality in Southeast Asians with AS. Ischaemic heart disease was the commonest cause of cardiovascular mortality. Predictors of all-cause mortality included age, anaemia and prior cardiovascular hospitalisation. Valvular replacement was protective of all-cause mortality in AS.
Sex differences in clinical data and long-term outcomes of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting with cardiogenic shock undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Choe J C , Kim M S , Lee S H , Ahn J H , Lee H W , Oh J H , Choi J H , Lee H C , Cha K S , Jeong M H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Data on contemporary clinical practice and long-term outcomes for sex differences in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) presenting with cardiogenic shock (CS) is limited.

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate contemporary clinical data and long-term clinical outcomes according to sex differences in elderly patients undergoing PCI for acute MI complicated by CS.

Methods
We analyzed data from a nationwide, prospective, and real-world registry comprising elderly patients (≥65 years) with acute MI who have undergone PCI and presented with CS. Of the 540 patients included, 228 were women, and 312 were men. We compared major adverse cardiac events (MACE; all-cause death, recurrent MI, any revascularization, stroke, heart failure [HF] readmission, or definite/probable stent thrombosis [ST]) and the components of MACE between the groups using multivariable Cox regression, propensity score (PS) matching, and PS-adjusted analyses.

Results
Compared to men, women were younger and had higher incidences of hypertension and elevated pro-BNP levels. No significant differences were observed in other cardiovascular risk factors, left ventricular systolic function levels, or adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy between the groups. Over a median follow-up of 1035 days, MACE, all-cause death, and cardiac death occurred in 257 (47.6%), 212 (39.3%), and 170 (31.5%) patients, respectively. Women exhibited significantly increased risks of MACE (overall: 53.5% vs. 43.3%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.97, p=0.023; PS-matched: n=368, 52.3% vs. 41.8%, HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-0.94, p=0.033), all-cause death (overall: 44.7% vs. 35.3%, HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.58-0.97, p=0.032; PS-matched: 42.8% vs. 33.4%, HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.95, p=0.041), cardiac death (overall: 35.1% vs. 28.8%, HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.60-0.97, p=0.048; PS-matched: 34.4% vs. 26.9%, HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.54-0.95, p=0.043) compared to men. There were no significant differences in the risks of recurrent MI, any revascularization, stroke, HF readmission, and definite/probable ST between the groups.

Conclusions
In this nationwide registry, women compared to men exhibited increased risks of long-term clinical outcomes in elderly patients with acute MI who have undergone PCI presenting with CS.
Lipid lowering therapy in patients aged 90 years or older with acute myocardial infarction:a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Huo L K , Hu S T , Gu T S , Zhang Y K , Jiang C , Zhang J K , Wu X , Liu X , Liu T , Chen K Y 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Lipid-lowing therapy significantly reduce adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, evidence regarding the efficacy of lipid-lowing therapy in extremely elderly patients with AMI is limited.

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE) at 1 year in relation to taking lipid-lowing therapy (statins) among patients aged 90 years or older.

Methods
The data for this study were derived from a retrospective cohort comprising patients admitted to secondary or tertiary hospitals from 2010 to 2023. Patients were grouped by lipid-lowing therapy: statins group (n=549) and not taking statins group (n=811). The primary endpoint was MACCE, a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke, at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included cardiac death (CD), stroke, and recurrence of myocardial infarction at 1 year. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores was performed to balance baseline characteristics. A multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazard model evaluated the association between lipid-lowing therapy and clinical endpoints.

Results
Of the 1,360 patients, 77.2% were men, and the median age was 92 years. During 1 year follow up, 35.3% of patients experienced MACCE, and 28.7% died due to CD. After IPTW, the incidence of MACCE was lower in the statins group compared to the non-statins group (33.3% vs. 42.6%, p=0.036), as was 1- year mortality due to CD (26.2% vs.35.9%, p=0.021). However, there were no differences in the incidence of stroke (2.8% vs. 4.5%, p＞0.274) or recurrence of myocardial infarction (4.7% vs. 5.1%, p=0,855) at 1 year. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a lower probability of 1-year MACCE and CD in the statins group (log-rank test, p&lt;0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that statin therapy reduced the incidence of MACCE (aHR 0.67; 95%CI, 0.40–0.91; p=0.009) and 1-year CD (aHR 0.63; 95%CI, 0.45–0.87; p=0.005).

Conclusions
Lipid-lowering therapy with statins was associated with a significantly lower risk of 1-year MACEE and cardiac death in elderly patients aged over 90 years with AMI. These findings support the use of lipid-lowing therapy in elderly individuals.
Delirium and risk of incident cardiovascular events in elderly: data from a global health research network
Authors: Proietti M , Bucci T , Romiti G F , Pipitone E , Corica B , Bellelli G , Lip G Y H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Delirium is a common complication of acute medical disorders. A strong association between cardiovascular events and the occurrence of delirium has been recorded. Thus far, no data are available regarding the risk of incident cardiovascular events after delirium onset in older adults.

Methods
Using data from TriNetX, a global health federated research network, we performed a propensity score matched (PSM) analysis of older adults (age ≥65 years) admitted to the emergency department (ED) reporting delirium within two weeks, who were compared with those without delirium. We evaluated the occurrence of a composite outcome of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure, intracranial haemorrhage, ventricular arrhythmias, takotsubo syndrome, and atrial fibrillation) at 30 days and 1 and 3 years of follow-up.

Results
4,480,229 patients were retrieved for the analysis, and 82,693 (1.8%) reported delirium. Before PSM, patients reporting delirium were older, with more prevalent comorbidities. After PSM, a total of 165,386 patients were included in the analysis (mean (SD) age 76.6 (9.0) years, 51.1% females). Throughout the entire follow-up period, the cumulative composite cardiovascular events outcome was significantly higher in patients which reported delirium [Red Line, Figure 1].
Delirium was associated with cardiovascular events at 30 days (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.92-2.00) ,1 year (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.72-1.78) and 3 years (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.64-1.69) of follow-up, as well as for each of its components (Table 1). The presence of delirium was also associated with a higher risk of all-cause death and hospital access (Table 1), evaluated as secondary outcomes.
In patients with delirium associated with the occurrence of incident cardiovascular events, there was a higher risk of recurrent cardiovascular events at 1 year (HR 3.11, 95% CI 2.92-3.31) and 3 years (HR 2.84, 95% CI 2.67-3.01) of follow-up.

Conclusions
In a large, unselected cohort of older adults admitted to ED, occurrence of delirium was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events, both in the short and long-term follow-up.Figure 1:Delirium and CV EventsTable 1:Cox Regression Analysis
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors : a potential cardioprotective agent?
Authors: Stratinaki M , Maragkoudakis S , Stavrakis S , Papoutsaki E , Korela D , Aletras G , Honda E , Garidas G , Georgopoulou T , Eleftheriadou E , Pitarokoilis M , Liapi D , Kafkala K , Foukarakis E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are one of the cornerstones in the treatment of patients with heart failure (HF) , regardless the ejection fraction (EF) or the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Other types of medications used in the treatment of heart failure , like angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or beta-blockers (BB) have shown some degree of cardioprotection in high risk patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy, but data on SGLT2i are very limited.

Purpose
To examine the possible differences in the development of anthracycline cardiotoxicity in diabetic patients receiving SGLT2i compared to those who don’t.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed the data from the oncological as well as hematological patients of our hospital. Group 1 (SGLT2) included patients with cancer who received anthracycline treatment and diabetes on treatment with SGLT2i. Group 2 (control) included patients with cancer who received anthracycline treatment and diabetes but with treatment other than SGLT2i. We recorded the basic demographic parameters, the development of cardiotoxicity (heart failure incidence, heart failure admissions, new cardiomyopathy [&gt;10% decline in ejection fraction to &lt;50%], and clinically significant arrhythmias) as well as the abnormal levels of troponin I (tnI) and natriuretic peptides (NTproBNP).

Results
Age, sex, ethnicity, cancer type, cancer stage, and other cardiac risk factors were similar between groups. The mean duration of the follow up was 2 years. In the SLT2 group were included 86 patients and in the control group 97. The rates of the cardiotoxicity events were recorded as follow : (SGLT2 vs control)
Heart failure (7.4% vs 31.9%, p&lt;0.01), heart failure admissions (3.4% vs 12.3%, p&lt;0.05), new cardiomyopathy (6.1% vs 27.2%, p&lt;0.05), arrhythmias (2.7% vs 24.3%, p&lt;0.01), abnormal tnI levels (4.2% vs 14.7% , p&lt; 0.01), abnormal NTproBNP levels (6.4% vs 30.9%, p&lt;0.01)

Conclusions
SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with lower rate of cardiac events among patients with cancer and DM who were treated with anthracyclines. Further studies are needed in order to test the possible cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients at high cardiac risk treated with anthracyclines.
Arrhythmogenic effects of DEHP exposure: insights into cardiac electrophysiology and myocardial cells
Authors: Lin T , Sung Y L S , Chung C L C , Lin C Y L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Hemodialysis patients, who are exposed to plasticizers through the hemodialysis circuit, face a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasticizers, such as the endocrine-disrupting compound Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), have emerged as potential contributors to CVD. This study explores the impact of DEHP on cardiac electrophysiology and myocardial cells, providing insights into its cardiotoxic effects.

Methods
We employed optical mapping techniques to assess cardiac electrophysiology in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts exposed to DEHP, comparing them to a control group. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of DEHP on cardiac muscle cells using H9C2 rat cardiomyoblasts.

Results
Prolonged DEHP exposure resulted in elevated heart rate, increased electrocardiographic variability, and higher low-frequency values, indicative of sympathetic nervous system overactivity. Action potential duration at APD80 increased, leading to greater action potential triangulation. Electrical alternans observed in the DEHP-treated group heightened the risk of arrhythmias. Single-cell analysis revealed severe mitochondrial damage, myocardial cell apoptosis, and disrupted calcium ion balance.

Conclusion
This study highlights DEHP's cardiotoxicity, suggesting its potential role in arrhythmogenesis and cardiac dysfunction. Environmental pollutants like DEHP warrant consideration as contributors to cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the need for further research on preventive strategies.