bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alda‐1 Ameliorates Oxidative Stress‐Induced Cardiomyocyte Damage by Inhibiting the Mitochondrial ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Wei , Zhu Ye , Gu Jianjun , Gu Xiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAlda‐1 functions as an agonist of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) within the mitochondria, contributing to the preservation of mitochondrial structure and function. This study aimed to determine whether Alda‐1 inhibited the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and improved cardiomyocyte damage under oxidative stress. Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent embryonic stem cells (iPSC‐CMs) and human AC16 cardiomyocytes were chosen for the experiments. Oxidative stress was induced in both cardiomyocyte types using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a commonly employed agent. The mtROS accumulation and mitochondrial functional status were assessed by measuring the ROS content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial respiratory chain function. Co‐IP experiments were used to analyze whether mtROS promoted protein interactions between TXNIP and NLRP3 and induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results showed that Alda‐1 mitigated damage to mitochondrial structure and function under oxidative stress, concurrently reducing the accumulation of mtROS. Co‐IP experiments revealed that elevated mtROS levels attenuated the protein interaction between TXNIP and TRX while intensifying the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3. Consequently, this triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to cardiomyocyte damage. In contrast, TXNIP knockdown inhibited H2O2‐induced myocardial injury and enhanced the therapeutic effects of Alda‐1. Collectively, the results show that, in an H2O2 environment, Alda‐1 increased the production of ALDH2 activity in cardiomyocytes, hindered the production of mtROS, disrupted the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3, and alleviated myocardial damage during oxidative stress.
l‐Securinine Induces ROS‐Dependent Apoptosis on Pancreatic Cancer Cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Anastasiou Ioanna A. , Sarantis Panagiotis , Rebelos Eleni , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Tentolouris Konstantinos N. , Katsaouni Athanasia , Koustas Evangelos , Kokala Vasileia , Karamouzis Michalis V. , Tentolouris Nikolaos 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccumulating evidence has shown that l‐securinine can, in certain circumstances, suppress tumor development by elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The current work set out to examine l‐securinine's apoptotic effects on HuP‐T3 cells as well as any potential underlying molecular mechanism(s) that could explain its action as an anticancer agent. In this study, we used 1.2B4 cells as a control human cell line to verify our findings. Hup‐T3 and 1.2B4 cells were cultured with a medium containing the following dilutions of l‐securinine: 1–10 μΜ for up to 72 h. We examined the viability and proliferation levels of cells in both cell lines. Then, we measured only 1.2B4 insulin levels and content. We also quantified cell apoptosis, cell cycle levels, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species on HuP‐T3 and 1.2B4. Afterwards, we performed a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that l‐securinine inhibited both proliferation and growth of Hup‐T3 cells, showing inhibitory and antiproliferative activity in comparison with the control group. In addition, l‐securinine had no impact on the proliferation and growth of 1.2B4 cells, nor on their insulin levels and content. By boosting ROS production, and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, l‐securinine induced apoptosis on HuP‐T3 cells. Pancreatic cancer was successfully inhibited by l‐securinine in vitro. l‐securinine triggers ROS‐dependent apoptosis on pancreatic cancer cells while inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggest that l‐securinine holds promise as a potential lead for future drug development in the fight against pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Synthesis of low‐cost microporous activated carbon adsorbents for CO2 capture from Palmyra palm fruit shell waste biomass
Authors: Swapna Shobanaboyina , Parusha Ramudu Manne , Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Police , Ravi Kumar Gande , Hima Bindu Gaddameedi , Prathap Challa , Mallesh Dosali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing chemical activation techniques at dissimilar carbonization temperatures, activated carbon adsorbents were produced from Palmyra palm fruit biomass in this work. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, CHNS‐elemental analysis, and N2 adsorption studies were among the characterization techniques used to assess the characteristics of the carbon adsorbents. The carbon adsorbents from Palmyra palm fruit were used to absorb CO2 in a temperature range of 25–70°C. The findings of the characterization showed that these carbons have a large surface area and microporosity. The temperature of carbonization and the activating agent had an impact on the surface characteristics. The samples with the highest adsorption capacity, 4.70 mmol/g at 25°C, were the activated carbons made by treating them with KOH and then carbonizing them at 750°C. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbents provided an explanation for their high adsorption capacity. The adsorbents showed simple desorption and maintained constant activity during ten cycles of recycling.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at the Gulf Atlantic Coastal Plain
Authors: Coffin Alisa W. , Pisani Oliva , Pisarello Kathryn , Porter Kayla , Bosch David D. , Strickland Timothy C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Gulf Atlantic Coastal Plain (GACP) Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network site is characterized by hot and humid summers with low gradient stream channels surrounded by wetland forests and croplands. Beneath its sandy soils, a confining layer stifles recharge to the deeper aquifer system, so a substantial proportion of streamflow is driven by shallow subsurface baseflow. Agricultural practices in the area consist of forage and livestock production, forestry, and rotational cropping systems dominated by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Certain factors impose challenges to the viability of GACP agricultural systems, like changing economics and demographics, as well as pest and disease pressures. The GACP communicates with stakeholders from various backgrounds, who provide their perspectives as agricultural research service scientists execute their research plans. The GACP LTAR common experiment (CE) is carried out via plot‐ and field‐scale studies. The plot‐scale CE compares prevailing practices, determined from regional data, with an alternative treatment including winter covers, such as the biofuel feedstock carinata (Brassica carinata, A. Braun), to provide both economic and environmental benefits. The field‐scale CE is observational; key variables are monitored for two farms where management practices largely emulate the prevailing treatment. Data collection efforts quantify vegetation, hydrology, soils, and climate data to produce datasets for modeling and statistical analysis. Research teams quantify relationships between land management, environment, and socioeconomic benefits. Ultimately, the GACP LTAR site works to facilitate agricultural system health and wellbeing at local, regional, and national scales by providing long‐term science‐based solutions.
The evolving treatment landscape of multiple myeloma in Portugal: A nation‐wide retrospective cohort study of real‐world clinical practice
Authors: Bergantim Rui , Geraldes Catarina , João Cristina , Lúcio Paulo , Neves Manuel , Trigo Fernanda , Pedrosa Hugo , Ventura Miguel , Santos Susana , Ramos Diogo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize variations in real‐world treatment patterns in multiple myeloma (MM) in Portugal over a 5‐year period.MethodsA retrospective cohort multicenter study using secondary data of national hospital drug consumption database from 11 Portuguese public hospitals between 2017 and 2022.ResultsNumber of MM‐treated patients increased 53% over 5 years (from 825 to 1266 patients). Constant slight predominance of male patients (55%), 82% over 60 years old (median age, 70 years), and half of newly diagnosed patients were transplant‐eligible. The highest growth rate was in second‐line treatments, with a sixfold increase in patients in fourth‐line or beyond. First‐line treatment pattern remained stable both in transplant‐eligible (bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (VCd_, bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTd), and bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (VRd)) and noneligible patients (bortezomib, melphalan and prednisolone (VMP), VCd, and lenalidomide, dexamethasone (Rd)). Maintenance therapy increased from 5% to 16%, shifting from thalidomide to lenalidomide. Second and third lines were dominated by daratumumab‐based regimens after 5 years. No standard of care in fourth‐line treatment. Treatment duration increased in transplant‐eligible due to maintenance therapy and in noneligible due to fourth‐line treatments. Patients moved from first‐ to second‐line more rapidly over time.ConclusionsThere was an increase in MM patients reaching advanced treatment lines and significant changes in the treatment patterns, driven by access to more effective frontline treatments and longer duration of treatment.
Digital technology adoption among smallholder farmers in Vietnam: Implications for digital agricultural extension strategies
Authors: Uy Tran Cao , Limnirankul Budsara , Kramol Prathanthip , Hoang Gia Hung , Nguyen Thi Da Thao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the adoption of digital technology among smallholders in Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. Data were gathered by doing a survey of 455 farmers analysed by descriptive analysis and a Poisson Regression model. Key knowledge gaps include an incomplete understanding of farmers' digital technology adoption and insufficient empirical evidence supporting potential determinants in smallholders' digital adoption. Findings indicate active use of digital tools in agriculture, with factors such as education, farm size, digital experience, knowledge exchange frequency, access to digital information and internet costs positively influencing adoption. The study advocates for tailored training and targeted interventions to enhance adoption rates.
Advancements in colorectal cancer detection: The role of immuno‐positron emission tomography, immuno‐single‐photon emission computed tomography, and machine learning applications
Authors: Chen Surui , Shi Xiumin , Liu Shu , Pei Pei , Yang Kai , Hu Lin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the world's second most prevalent cancer and third in mortality. Detection and diagnosis are crucial in research and clinical settings. While colonoscopy and computed tomographic colonography are widely used for identifying organic lesions, positron emission tomography (PET) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) offer superior visualization of molecular changes. These immuno‐PET and immuno‐SPECT techniques surpass conventional [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in specificity and sensitivity, improving CRC diagnostics and supporting therapeutic strategies. This review emphasizes the role of immuno‐PET/SPECT in CRC diagnosis and establishing a foundation for therapeutic strategies, facilitating hierarchical management through the identification of treatment‐responsive populations, prediction of therapeutic outcomes, and support for intraoperative imaging. This review introduces the preclinical and clinical utility of immunoconjugates for detecting colorectal adenomas, and primary, metastatic, or recurrent CRC, focusing on specific CRC cell targets like the epidermal growth factor receptor and carcinoembryonic antigen. The review also covers various mAb‐based immunoconjugates and engineered mAb fragments, including diabodies and minibodies. Finally, it looks into the great promise of machine learning in PET or SPECT and it addresses the challenges of translating preclinical successes into clinical practice for colorectal adenoma diagnosis, proposing potential solutions and directions for future research.
Heterologous Versus Homologous COVID‐19 Boosters: Immune Response Outcomes in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Yildiz Yesim , Yasar Emre , Ozturk Erensu , Karakan Mine Sebnem , Helvaci Ozant , Ozger Hasan Selcuk , Cemre Araz Z. , Yildiz Pinar Aysert , Dikmen Asiye Ugras , Caglar Kayhan , Dizbay Murat , Derici Ulver , Guz Galip 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe aimed to investigate the immune responses to homologous and heterologous COVID‐19 booster vaccinations in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and to identify factors affecting these responses. In this prospective multicenter observational study, we measured the antibody kinetics of 90 RTRs using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. The mean age of participants was 45.2 ± 11.4 years, with 35.6% being female. On the 42nd day after the first vaccine dose, the median antibody level was 16.7 (IQR 2.5−249.5) AU/mL, and the seropositivity rate was 60% (n = 36). Mycophenolic acid (MFA) (OR: 0.087, 95% CI: 0.024−0.311) and ACE inhibitor use (OR: 0.203, 95% CI: 0.052−0.794) were identified as independent factors affecting seropositivity. Patients who received the Pfizer/BioNTech booster had significantly higher antibody levels compared to those who received the CoronaVac/Sinovac booster (p = 0.021). Additionally, a significantly higher rate of COVID‐19 positivity was observed among patients who received the CoronaVac/Sinovac booster (p = 0.031). Heterologous COVID‐19 booster vaccination is significantly more effective than homologous inactivated booster vaccination in enhancing immune responses and preventing new infections in RTRs. MFA and ACE inhibitor usage were independent factors affecting seropositivity. Additional COVID‐19 vaccine doses are needed in this patient group.
Obesity's Unexpected Influence: Reduced Alphavirus Transmission and Altered Immune Activation in the Vector
Authors: Rai Pallavi , Webb Emily M. , Paulson Sally L. , Kang Lin , Weger‐Lucarelli James 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) are emerging/re‐emerging alphaviruses transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes and responsible for recent disease outbreaks in the Americas. The capacity of these viruses to cause epidemics is frequently associated with increased mosquito transmission, which in turn is governed by virus−host−vector interactions. Although many studies have explored virus−vector interactions, significant gaps remain in understanding how vertebrate host factors influence alphavirus transmission by mosquitoes. We previously showed that obesity, a ubiquitous vertebrate host biological factor, reduces alphavirus transmission potential in mosquitoes. We hypothesized that alphavirus‐infected obese bloodmeals altered immune genes and/or pathways in mosquitoes, thereby inhibiting virus transmission. To test this, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) on midgut RNA from mosquitoes fed on alphavirus‐infected lean and obese mice. This approach aimed to identify potential antiviral or proviral genes and pathways altered in mosquitoes after consuming infected obese bloodmeals. We found upregulation of the Toll pathway and downregulation of several metabolic and other genes in mosquitoes fed on alphavirus‐infected obese bloodmeals. Through gene knockdown studies, we demonstrated the antiviral role of Toll pathway and proviral roles of AAEL009965 and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in the transmission of alphaviruses by mosquitoes. Therefore, this study utilized obesity to identify factors influencing alphavirus transmission by mosquitoes and this research approach may pave the way for designing broadly effective antiviral measures to combat mosquito‐borne viruses, such as releasing transgenic mosquitoes deficient in the identified genes.
Metastatic Melanoma to the Small Bowel and Colon: A Systematic Review of the Global Experience and Institutional Cohort Analysis Detailing a Rare Clinical Entity
Authors: Yee Elliott J. , Thielen Otto N. , Truong Ronald , Gilbert Danielle , Michel Kylie , Couts Kasey L. , Robinson William A. , McCarter Martin D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCutaneous melanoma is among the most common solid tumors to metastasize to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Literature summarizing the clinical experience and features of this unique pathology is lacking.MethodsA systematic review of the available literature reporting clinically salient features of melanoma metastases to the small and large intestines was conducted. Additionally, we surveyed our institutional experience of surgically treated melanoma metastasis to the small bowel and colon. A descriptive analysis was performed. Kaplan–Meier curves with log‐rank tests were used to analyze time‐to‐event intervals. Univariable and multivariable Cox logistic regression models were generated to identify predictors of survival.ResultsOver 100 studies including 1153 patients were included. GI metastases predominantly affected males, were in the small bowel/jejunum, equally presented as solitary and multiple lesions, and were generally not the first site of distant metastatic disease. The median time from primary lesion diagnosis to GI metastasis was 48 months. Analysis of our institutional cohort suggested that survival in patients receiving complete GI‐specific surgical resection and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was prolonged compared to palliative resection and without ICI therapy. Positive prognostic factors for survival following GI metastasis included fewer GI metastatic lesions, complete resection, and longer duration between primary tumor diagnosis and GI metastasis.ConclusionsGI metastases are a sign of advanced metastatic melanoma. Clinical suspicion of metastatic involvement in patients with a history of melanoma who develop any abdominal symptoms or anemia should remain high. Receipt of complete surgical resection and ICIs may prolong survival in disseminated melanoma.
Novel Clinical Practice Assessments: Informational Statements by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society
Authors: Tedesco Nicholas S. , Wallace Matthew , Doung Yee‐Cheen , Colman Matthew , Wodajo Felasfa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMusculoskeletal oncology involves rare diseases. As a result, there is a paucity of literature to guide practitioners. Studies are often clinical experience, retrospective reviews, noncomparative studies, and involve small numbers of patients. However, technological advances consistently arise in this field. This article represents the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society efforts to improve multispecialty collaboration and research credibility. It involves brief systematic reviews of novel ideas and suggests high‐quality research needed to provide and standardize best practices within this field.
Accessible Trail Tourism: Trail Accessibility and Difficulty Rating Approach Designed for Individuals, Including With Mobility Impairments
Authors: Lukoseviciute Goda , Nelson Mark Andrew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a novel approach to trail accessibility and difficulty rating tailored specifically for individuals, including those with mobility impairments, aiming to promote accessible trail tourism. Grounded in theoretical frameworks of inclusive outdoor recreation, equality, and complex adaptive systems, the proposed rating system incorporates criteria addressing physical access, terrain challenges, and amenities to accommodate diverse user needs. This study employed a sensor technology, called wheeled instrumentation sensor package (WISP) within the framework of the high‐efficiency trail assessment process (HETAP) to develop a new quantitatively based trail classification scheme. A case study trail and two hypothetical synthetic data trails were used to demonstrate both the trail wheelchair accessibility binary classification approach and the proposed trail difficulty classification approach. This research pioneers trail accessibility and difficulty rating and underscores the importance of integrating accessibility considerations into trail management practices to create truly inclusive outdoor recreational experiences.
Relative size matters: Spawning substrate roughness size and spacing affect egg dislodgement and retention in the benthos
Authors: Carman Jake , Zhao Yingming , Ackerman Josef D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe consequences of hydrodynamic effects on survival of embryonic benthic organisms remain unknown. This is because the interaction of hydrodynamics and substrate roughness is complex, but it can be conceptualized in two dimensions by roughness flow regimes (isolated, wake interference, and skimming flow) or roughness types (k‐ and d‐type). We examined the effect of different roughness flow regimes/roughness types and roughness heights (k) on the dislodgement of walleye (Sander vitreus) eggs (2 mm diameter, ⌀) using a wall jet apparatus. We expected that lower wall shear stress (τw) would be required for dislodgement in more‐exposed/less‐sheltered roughness type/flow regimes (i.e., k‐type/isolated roughness flow) and when k ≤ ⌀. Surprisingly, the opposite was found, indicating that other mechanism(s) are also responsible for egg dislodgement on these rough surfaces. Hydrodynamic sheltering occurred when flow was directed over exposed eggs (k ≤ ⌀) adjacent to roughness elements effectively increasing their width, and thus requiring higher τw for rolling and then ejection. When k > ⌀, eggs dislodgement likely occurred via the lower pressure in the eddies recirculating in the groove width between roughness elements, rather than due to τw. These results indicate the relevance of heterogeneous sorting and sizing of substrate elements to provide suitable spawning habitats in benthic environments.
Tunable Liquid Crystal Twisted‐Planar Fresnel Lens for Vortex Topology Determination
Authors: Melnikova Elena , Pantsialeyeva Yekatsiaryna , Gorbach Dmitry , Tolstik Alexei , Karabchevsky Alina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of straightforward and effective methods to determine the topological charge of phase singular beams is crucial for broadening the applications of optical vortices. Here, a straightforward and elegant method for determining the topological charge of an optical vortex using an innovative switchable achromatic nematic liquid crystal Fresnel lens is proposed. The approach allows for the unambiguous determination of both the absolute value and the sign of the topological charge of a singular beam across a wide range of the visible spectrum, as demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. The research outcomes are promising for applications in optical information transmission systems, cryptography, and quantum computing.