bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postsynaptic Mechanisms Render Syn I/II/III Mice Highly Responsive to Psychostimulants
Authors: Pogorelov Vladimir M , Kao Hung-Teh , Augustine George J , Wetsel William C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Synapsins are encoded by SYN I, SYN II, and SYN III, and they regulate neurotransmitter release by maintaining a reserve pool of synaptic vesicles.

Methods
Presynaptic dopamine responses to cocaine were examined by microdialysis, and postsynaptic responses were evaluated to various dopamine receptor agonists in the open field with SynI/SynII/SynIII triple knockout mice.

Results
Triple knockout mice showed enhanced spontaneous locomotion in a novel environment and were hyper-responsive to indirect and direct D1 and D2 dopamine agonists. Triple knockout animals appeared sensitized to cocaine upon first open field exposure; sensitization developed across days in wild-type controls. When mutants were preexposed to a novel environment before injection, cocaine-stimulated locomotion was reduced and behavioral sensitization retarded. Baseline dopamine turnover was enhanced in mutants and novel open field exposure increased their striatal dopamine synthesis rates. As KCl-depolarization stimulated comparable dopamine release in both genotypes, their readily releasable pools appeared indistinguishable. Similarly, cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion was indifferent to blockade of newly synthesized dopamine and depletion of releasable dopamine pools. Extracellular dopamine release was similar in wild-type and triple knockout mice preexposed to the open field and given cocaine or placed immediately into the arena following injection. Since motor effects to novelty and psychostimulants depend upon frontocortical-striatal inputs, we inhibited triple knockout medial frontal cortex with GABA agonists. Locomotion was transiently increased in cocaine-injected mutants, while their supersensitive cocaine response to novelty was lost.

Conclusions
These results reveal presynaptic dopamine release is not indicative of agonist-induced triple knockout hyperlocomotion. Instead, their novelty response occurs primarily through postsynaptic mechanisms and network effects.
Natural killer cells killBurkholderia cepaciacomplex via a contact-dependent and cytolytic mechanism
Authors: Li Shu Shun , Saleh Marwah , Xiang Richard F , Ogbomo Henry , Stack Danuta , Huston Shaunna H , Mody Christopher H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), which includes B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans, pose a life-threatening risk to patients with cystic fibrosis. Eradication of Bcc is difficult due to the high level of intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, and failure of many innate immune cells to control the infection. Because of the pathogenesis of Bcc infections, we wondered if a novel mechanism of microbial host defense involving direct antibacterial activity by natural killer (NK) cells might play a role in the control of Bcc. We demonstrate that NK cells bound Burkholderia, resulting in Src family kinase activation as measured by protein tyrosine phosphorylation, granule release of effector proteins such as perforin and contact-dependent killing of the bacteria. These studies provide a means by which NK cells could play a role in host defense against Bcc infection.
Prospective evaluation of a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test (QMAC-dRAST) for selecting optimal targeted antibiotics in positive blood culture
Authors: Kim Jeong-Han , Kim Taek Soo , Jung Hyun gul , Kang Chang Kyung , Jun Kang-Il , Han Sangkwon , Kim Dong Young , Kwon Sunghoon , Song Kyoung-Ho , Choe Pyeong Gyun , Bang Ji Hwan , Kim Eu Suk , Park Sang Won , Kim Hong Bin , Kim Nam Joong , Park Wan Beom , Oh Myoung-don 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
MALDI-TOF MS has been successfully used for empirical antibiotic selection. However, limited data are available regarding the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS in common resistant organisms compared with rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). We prospectively evaluated the usefulness of rapid AST, compared with MALDI-TOF MS, for optimal antibiotic selection by infectious disease (ID) physicians in patients with bacteraemia including polymicrobial infection.

Methods
Three hundred and fifty-nine patients with positive blood culture were included for analysis. ID physicians prospectively decided on antibiotic regimens with consensus at each timepoint of receiving results of Gram stain, MALDI-TOF MS and rapid AST, the last of which was performed using QMAC-dRAST.

Results
ID physicians with MALDI-TOF MS results chose optimal targeted antibiotics in 255 (71.0%) cases, with appropriate antibiotic selection in 303 (84.4%) cases. The proportion of optimal targeted antibiotic selection and appropriate antibiotic selection was significantly lower for resistant strains than for susceptible strains [62.5% versus 79.2% (P < 0.001) and 68.2% versus 100% (P < 0.001), respectively]. QMAC-dRAST results led to optimal antibiotic treatment in 95 (91.3%) of the 104 cases receiving non-optimal targeted antibiotics. Optimal targeted treatments based on QMAC-dRAST results were possible in 322 (98.2%) of the 328 cases with monobacterial infection and in 345 (96.1%) of the 359 cases with monobacterial and polymicrobial infection.

Conclusions
MALDI-TOF MS has a high chance of failure in guiding ID physicians to optimal antibiotics, especially against resistant organisms. With increasingly common resistant organisms, rapid AST is needed to identify optimal targeted antibiotics early in bacteraemia.
Embedding research recruitment in a community resource e-prescribing system: lessons from an implementation study on Chicago’s South Side
Authors: Feldmeth Gillian , Naureckas Edward T , Solway Julian , Lindau Stacy Tessler 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to implement and assess the CommunityRx e-prescribing system to recruit research participants from a predominantly non-Hispanic Black community on Chicago’s South Side.

Materials and Methods
CommunityRx integrates with electronic medical record systems to generate a personalized list of health-promoting community resources (HealtheRx). Between December 2015 and December 2016, HealtheRxs distributed at outpatient visits to adults with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also incentivized participation in a pulmonary research registry. Usual practices for registry recruitment continued in parallel.

Results
Focus groups established acceptability and appropriateness among the target population. Pulmonary research registry recruitment information was included on 13 437 HealtheRxs. Forty-one (90% non-Hispanic Black) patients responded with willingness to participate and 9 (8 non-Hispanic Black) returned a signed consent required to enroll. Usual recruitment practices enrolled 4 registrants (1 non-Hispanic Black).

Discussion
Automating research recruitment using a community e-prescribing system is feasible.

Conclusions
Implementation of an electronic medical record–integrated, community resource referral tool promotes enrollment of eligible underrepresented research participants; however, enrollment was low.
Outcomes of Pectoralis Major Tears in Active Duty US Military Personnel: A Comparison of Surgical Repairs Performed in the Forward Deployed Setting to Those Performed in the Continental United States
Authors: Shakir Irshad , Davis William , Choate W Stephen , Antosh Ivan J , Parada Stephen , Salazar Dane H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of our study is to compare pectoralis major tears in active duty military personal repaired surgically in the forward deployed setting to those performed in the Continental United States.Materials and MethodsRetrospective comparison of all pectoralis major tendon repairs performed at Madigan Army Medical Center from 2000 to 2007 to a forward deployed series treated by two deployed United States Air Force orthopedic surgeons at one expeditionary medical treatment facility over a 4-month deployment cycle from December 2013 through March 2014.ResultsFourteen patients from the CONUS group and eight patients from deployed group were compared; they had a mean age of 32 years (21–52) all with pectoralis major ruptures that underwent operative fixation. Nineteen of the 22 patients (86%) sustained their injuries during bench press. The average bench press weight was similar with 271.8 lbs in the CONUS group and 273.1 lbs in the deployed group. There were 9 complete tears and 5 partial tears in the CONUS cohort whereas 7 complete tears and 1 partial tear in the deployed cohort, with all tears in both groups occurring at the insertion of the humerus. All 22 patients in both cohorts denied the use of anabolic steroids. The average DASH score at final follow-up was 12.74 in the CONUS group and 36.44 in the deployed group. The CONUS group reported that 7 out of 8 immediate repair patients and 4 out of 6 delayed repair patients returned to functional work level within 6 months with the 2 patients in the delayed repair group taking longer than 9 months to return to work. The deployed members reported return to functional work level at an average of 6.5 months. Both cohorts had early return to weight lifting at 6 and 7 months, respectively. The CONUS group reported a 39% bench press weight reduction and 34% pushup maximum reduction whereas the deployed cohort reported a 20% and 8% reduction respectively.ConclusionsWhen comparing deployed to CONUS results, we demonstrated that surgical repairs at one permanent US military in-theater tertiary referral medical center were as successful as repairs performed at one CONUS US Army academic tertiary referral medical center. Although in-theater surgical repair was technically feasible and clinically successful, we believe the lengthy convalescence, stringent post-operative restrictions, demanding environment and impact on operational readiness should preclude deployed surgical repairs from becoming standard practice.
The Development of an Emergency Medicine Resident Research Program in the United States Military
Authors: Oliver Joshua J , Ross Justin M , Davis W Tyler , NG Patrick C , Long Brit , Weymouth Wells L , Summers Shane M , April Michael D 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education stipulates that residents should participate in scholarly activity. As of 2019 that verbiage will be changed to, “Residents must participate in scholarship.” However, scholarly activity is not clearly defined. We set out to define our graduation research requirement in a measurable way and structure a research curriculum that better prepared residents to conduct scholarly activity.

Materials and Methods
This study compares resident scholarly output in several categories before and after the initiation of a revised research curriculum and graduation requirement. Scholarly activity was measured by comparing the production of Pubmed Indexed (PMID) publications, online publications, and conference presentations of two Emergency Medicine Residency classes. The intervention class was represented by the class of 2018 which exposed 16 residents to the new curriculum and graduation requirement for the full three years of their residency. The comparison class was represented by the class of 2015 which exposed 16 residents to the old curriculum and old graduation requirement. The old graduation requirement and curriculum were undefined. The new requirement involved two options, participate in original research starting from the process of question formulation and carried through manuscript drafting or publishing at first author PMID of any kind. The new curriculum involved monthly journal clubs, two annual deep dives, and an 8-day Intern Research Course modeled after the Emergency Medicine Basic Research Skills workshop sponsored by the American College of Emergency Physicians. In addition to the new curriculum, several new leadership positions were created at both the staff and resident level that solely focused on the promotion of scholarly activity. In addition to creating a culture within the department that encouraged scholarship, these overlapping leadership positions also helped create continuity in a program that could easily be hampered by frequent staff turnover due to new military assignments and military deployments.

Results
Resident scholarly activity in the form of PMIDs increased from 4 to 22. The production of online publications was 0 and 12, respectively. There were 2 and 11 conference presentations, respectively.

Conclusion
Resident scholarly activity increased following the institution of a new research curriculum and graduation requirement.
An Editorial Review of Mobile Health: Implications for the US Military Health System
Authors: Selig Daniel J , Collins Jeannette , Church Tyler L , Zeman Joseph 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The United States Military Health System provides healthcare to a diverse patient population throughout the world. There are three distinct challenges that the Military Health System faces. (1) Providers have varying degrees of clinical training expertise and may be called upon to practice outside their usual scope of care. (2) There is geographic isolation of patients and providers with limited resources while stationed overseas. (3) Patients are at higher risk of breaks in continuity of care because of permanent change of duty stations, deployments, and retirement.

Materials and Methods
In this article we review the history of mobile health in both the civilian and military sectors, and how mobile health may be used to address the challenges unique to the United States Military Health System.

Results
There are many good initiatives in military mobile health, however they are decentralized and different across the services and military treatment facilities. We describe some military specific success stories with improving patient access to care and disease specific mobile health applications implemented.

Conclusions
Mobile health is a powerful platform which can help deliver standardized care in missions around the world and improve access to care for patients at military treatment facilities in the United States. The United States Military Health System would benefit greatly from creating universal mobile health applications to assist providers in patient access to care, military mission readiness, and disease specific modules. Future resources should be dedicated to the development of a mobile health application pool that is universally implemented across services to improve quality of care delivered at home and in theater by military providers.
Factors Affecting Performance on an Army Urban Operation Casualty Evacuation for Male and Female Soldiers
Authors: Chassé Etienne , Tingelstad Hans Christian , Needham-Beck Sarah C , Reilly Tara 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
This study was conducted to determine what physical and physiological characteristics contribute to the performance of an urban operation casualty evacuation (UO) and its predictive test, FORCE combat (FC) and describe the metabolic demand of the UO in female soldiers.

Methods
Seventeen military members (9 M and 8 F) completed a loaded walking maximal aerobic test, the UO and FC. Heart rate reserve (HRR) and completion time were used as efficiency/performance measures. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was directly measured for UO on five female participants with a portable indirect calorimetry system, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of the non-modifiable (age, sex, height) and modifiable characteristics (lean body mass to dead mass ratio (LBM:DM), VO2max corrected for load (L.VO2max), peak force (PF) measured on an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and medicine ball chest throw distance (Dist) on to the performance of each exercise.

Results
LBM:DM and PF were the only factors included in the stepwise regression model for UO, predicting 70% of UO performance (p &lt; 0.01). For FC, L.VO2max only was included in the stepwise regression model predicting 54% of FC performance (p &lt; 0.01). Sex, age and height were not included in the regression model. The average metabolic cost of UO was 21.4 mL of O2*kg−1*min−1 in female soldiers while wearing PPE.

Conclusion
This study showed that modifiable factors such as body composition, PF on IMTP and L.VO2max are key contributors to performance on UO and FC performance.
Scopolamine Toxicity in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Knuf Kayla M , Spaulding Francis M , Stevens Gregory J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present a case of a 66-year-old female who was to undergo a scheduled operation and placed on our institution’s ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol. The intraoperative course was unremarkable. The patient developed delayed emergence in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. On physical exam, the patient was noted to have a transdermal scopolamine patch adjacent to an area of skin breakdown. She also displayed signs of central anti-cholinergic toxicity including mydriasis and tachycardia. Following removal of the scopolamine patch and administration of physostigmine, her mental status returned to baseline. This interesting case highlights the importance of considering patient specific factors such as age when implementing ERAS protocols perioperatively. It also demonstrates the risks associated with scopolamine and the importance of risk/benefit analysis prior to administration.
MyDGR: a server for identification and characterization of diversity-generating retroelements
Authors: Sharifi Fatemeh , Ye Yuzhen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
MyDGR is a web server providing integrated prediction and visualization of Diversity-Generating Retroelements (DGR) systems in query nucleotide sequences. It is built upon an enhanced version of DGRscan, a tool we previously developed for identification of DGR systems. DGR systems are remarkable genetic elements that use error-prone reverse transcriptases to generate vast sequence variants in specific target genes, which have been shown to benefit their hosts (bacteria, archaea or phages). As the first web server for annotation of DGR systems, myDGR is freely available on the web at http://omics.informatics.indiana.edu/myDGR with all major browsers supported. MyDGR accepts query nucleotide sequences in FASTA format, and outputs all the important features of a predicted DGR system, including a reverse transcriptase, a template repeat and one (or more) variable repeats and their alignment featuring A-to-N (N can be C, T or G) substitutions, and VR-containing target gene(s). In addition to providing the results as text files for download, myDGR generates a visual summary of the results for users to explore the predicted DGR systems. Users can also directly access pre-calculated, putative DGR systems identified in currently available reference bacterial genomes and a few other collections of sequences (including human microbiomes).
Effects of Current and Enhanced Tobacco Corrective Messages on Smokers’ Intention to Quit Smoking and Intention to Purchase Cigarettes
Authors: Lee Stella J , Sanders-Jackson Ashley , Tan Andy S L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
A federal court has ordered tobacco companies to issue corrective messages to address tobacco-related misperceptions. This study examined the effects of viewing current versus two enhanced versions of tobacco corrective messages on smokers’ intention to quit smoking and intention to purchase cigarettes.

Methods
US adult smokers (N = 803) were randomly assigned to view (1) two current tobacco corrective messages (Current), (2) two corrective messages that include an industry deception statement (Industry Deception), or (3) two corrective messages with an industry deception statement and testimonials of people harmed by smoking (Industry Deception + Testimonial). Outcomes were pretest–posttest change in intentions to quit smoking and posttest intention to purchase cigarette measures.

Results
Intention to quit smoking increased significantly after viewing the Current corrective messages versus baseline. In addition, viewing the Industry Deception + Testimonial messages increased intention to quit smoking compared with the Current corrective condition and the Industry Deception condition. Hispanic smokers had increased intention to quit smoking and decreased intention to purchase cigarettes to a greater degree than non-Hispanic smokers in response to Industry Deception + Testimonial messages. There was no significant difference in intention to purchase cigarettes across conditions.

Conclusions
Enhancing the current corrective statements by including an industry deception statement and testimonials may strengthen effects and contribute to remedying the effects of tobacco misinformation.

Implications
Previous research has found that draft or proposed versions of tobacco industry corrective messages are effective in correcting beliefs and knowledge. However, studies have not examined how the current court-ordered corrective messages could change intention to quit smoking and intention to purchase cigarettes nor whether enhanced messages could perform better. Study findings suggest that the current corrective messages can increase smokers’ intention to quit smoking beyond their baseline intention. More importantly, enhancing corrective messages by including an industry deception statement and testimonial was found to be more effective than current corrective messages. Findings can inform future iterations of tobacco correctives and strategies to reverse the effects of tobacco misinformation.
tRNA Wobble Modification Affects Leaf Cell Development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Nakai Yumi , Horiguchi Gorou , Iwabuchi Kosei , Harada Akiko , Nakai Masato , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Yano Takato 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe tRNA modification at the wobble position of Lys, Glu and Gln (wobbleU* modification) is responsible for the fine-tuning of protein translation efficiency and translation rate. This modification influences organism function in accordance with growth and environmental changes. However, the effects of wobbleU* modification at the cellular, tissue, or individual level have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we show that sulfur modification of wobbleU* of the tRNAs affects leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sulfur modification was impaired in the two wobbleU*-modification mutants: the URM1-like protein-defective mutant and the Elongator complex-defective mutants. Analyses of the mutant phenotypes revealed that the deficiency in the wobbleU* modification increased the airspaces in the leaves and the leaf size without affecting the number and the area of palisade mesophyll cells. On the other hand, both mutants exhibited increased number of leaf epidermal pavement cells but with reduced cell size. The deficiency in the wobbleU* modification also delayed the initiation of the endoreduplication processes of mesophyll cells. The phenotype of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-defective mutant was enhanced in the Elongator-defective mutants, while it was unchanged in the URM1-like protein-defective mutant. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that the tRNA wobbleU* modification plays an important role in leaf morphogenesis by balancing the development between epidermal and mesophyll tissues.