bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing and Duration of Sleep in Hospitalized Children: An Observational Study
Authors: Cowherd Ellen L. , Sutton Ashley G. , Vincent Jennifer O. , Humphries Michael S. , Ritter Victor , Fine Jason , Steiner Michael J. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Sleep during hospitalization is important, but data on children’s sleep quality during hospitalization are lacking. We sought to document sleep duration and awakenings in hospitalized children and explore associations between sleep and chronic care complexity, home sleep quality, and late-night food consumption.

METHODS:
Children aged 2 to 17 years admitted to a hospitalist service for at least 24 hours were approached for participation. Children were video recorded from 20:00 to 08:00. Paired investigators reviewed recordings and extracted data. Investigators blinded to sleep data separately extracted clinical and demographic information. Analyses included Spearman correlations and linear and generalized linear regression models with t and Wald χ2 tests.

RESULTS:
The mean time subjects (n = 57) initiated sleep was 22:35 (range: 20:00–02:47), with a mean sleep duration of 475 minutes (89–719 minutes). Subjects awakened 2.2 times (0–7 times, SD: 1.9) per night, on average, with the average total time awake during those awakenings of 55.7 minutes (2–352 minutes, SD: 75 minutes). In multivariate analysis, children with private insurance had longer sleep duration. Additionally, subjects who ate a snack after 21:00 went to sleep much later (odds ratio: 9.5; confidence interval: 2.6 to 34.9) and had 64 minutes less total sleep time and spent less time in bed than patients who did not eat late (P = .007).

CONCLUSIONS:
Hospitalized children sleep less than recommended and experience frequent awakenings. Some demographic variables are related to sleep. Many hospitalized children also consume food at night, which is associated with later bedtime and less sleep. Future efforts to improve sleep in hospitalized children are needed.
Bankruptcy Risk Assessment in Corporate Lending Based on Hybrid Neural Networks and Fuzzy Models
Authors: Gorbatkov Stanislav , Farkhieva Svetlana 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is the presentation of a novel and unconventional algorithm for bankruptcy risk management in banking technologies catered towards lending to legal entities (enterprises and companies). The challenges of assessing risk in this area primarily relate to the reduction of type I and type II errors when making decisions on the terms of lending (i.e. loan amounts and repayment parameters) on the ostensibly objective basis of a borrower’s creditworthiness assessment.

As such, it is necessary to use a unified procedure to select appropriate economic indicators for any bankruptcy model in order to reduce the high degree of uncertainty and noisiness of publicly available databases, and to take into consideration the specific character of knowledge-intensive, high-tech and “green” manufacturing. In order to approach this challenge, a mix of various methods is presented in this article, including credit scoring, neural simulation, a fuzzy model description, fuzzy inference rules, and a fuzzy Pospelov scale.

The research results are as follows: the authors have developed an unconventional algorithm for diagnosing corporate bankruptcy stages. This algorithm is based on the application of a system-wide law relating to decreases in integrated system entropy, contrasted with the sum of entropies of the relevant collated subsystems. This algorithm has been tested on a series of experimental observations of 30 agricultural enterprises in the Sterlitamak District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. We have thusly assessed the financial condition of borrowing companies, while controlling for the probability of a wide range of indicators.

Using this algorithm, the authors decided not to apply the rigorous requirements of the classical ‘least squares’ method used in regression analyses. A switch to a neural simulation approach in this algorithm necessitated an evaluation of the adequacy of the obtained model on the basis of a Bayesian approach. On the basis of this research, the authors propose that a regularisation of bankruptcy models has been achieved.
Влияние уровня оптимизма и уровня нарциссизма CEO на структуру капитала компании
Authors: Федорова Елена Анатольевна , Ледяева Светлана Владимировна , Федоров Федор Юрьевич , Демин Игорь Святославович , Денисова Татьяна Михайловна 
Published: May 2019

Волны кризисов в эффективности функционирования сформировавшихся общепринятых в мире моделей корпоративного управления, которые наблюдаются в последнее время, являются одной из основных и естественных причин резкого роста интереса к вопросам корпоративного управления.
Несмотря на большое количество подобных исследований, универсальной теории объяснения методов финансирования компаний нет, что и определяет актуальность выбранной темы.
Научная новизна объясняется тем, что на российском рынке ранее не производилось исследование влияния нарциссизма и оптимизма CEO на структуру капитала компании.
Цель исследовать влияние корпоративного управления на структуру капитала.
Для достижения этой цели были сформулированы следующие задачи:

определить концептуальные основы корпоративного управления и его влияния на структуру капитала;
провести эмпирический анализ влияния корпоративного управления на структуру капитала российских компаний;
обобщить результаты эмпирического исследования влияния корпоративного управления на структуру капитала российских компаний.

Объектом исследования является финансовый рычаг крупнейших российских компаний в ряде отраслей российской экономики.
Предметом исследования является процесс формирования финансового рычага крупнейших российских компаний с влиянием аспекта корпоративного управления.
Теоретической основой исследования являются работы зарубежных и отечественных ученых, которые изучали вопросы о структуре капитала компаний. Методология использовала инструменты исследования, основанные на ряде научных методов: наблюдение, сравнение, абстракция, анализ и синтез, экономическое и математическое моделирование и другие. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в возможности использования его результатов при корпоративном управлении компаниями, а именно: использование модели оценки влияния внутренних и внешних факторов на структуру капитала организаций, позволяющей определить характер и степень влияния ряда факторов на коэффициент финансового рычага для оптимального выбора соотношения собственного и заемного частей капитала организаций; формировании топ-менеджмента; анализа финансовых показателей компании с целью повышения рыночной стоимости организаций.
Эмпирическая база исследования состоит из 225 наблюдений, отобранных из 300 крупнейших компаний по капитализации в России за 2012-2016гг. Частично подтвердились гипотезы о том, что чем выше уровень оптимизма и нарциссизма CEO, тем больше доля заемных средств в структуре капитала.
The Impact of Currency Risk on Firm’s Value in Emerging Countries
Authors: Kuchin Ilia , Elkina Mariia , Dranev Yury 
Published: May 2019

This study is dedicated to estimating the impact of currency risk on the cost of equity in Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa. Our contribution to the literature is that we obtain further evidence on pricing of exchange rate risk in developing countries which for now is quite scarce. These motivates our research which is dedicated to BRICS capital markets with Chinese stock market excluded since it is heavily regulated. The aim of the research is to determine whether in emerging countries stock markets currency risk is a significant factor that influence cost of equity capital of a company.
Changes in the value of exchange rate can impact cash flows of a firm and their riskiness, hence, the value of the company. In our research we will discuss the influence of exchange rate movements on the value of the firm through their impact on the cost of equity. Specifically, we investigate whether companies that report substantial currency gains or losses have to pay a higher required return on equity. Furthermore, in this study we take an attempt to estimate currency risk premia for exposure to appreciation and depreciation of currency separately and identify possible differences.
For each country three models that extend Fama-French Three Factor Model by incorporating currency risk are estimated. We used equal-weighted portfolio approach to construction currency risk factors. They are estimated using information about the ratio of currency gains to sales or the magnitude of covariation between equity returns and exchange rate changes. In the second case appreciation and depreciation of domestic currency against US dollar is considered separately.
Results indicate that in Russia firms which report substantial currency losses pay a positive risk premium, while in Brazil, India and South Africa companies with significantly positive or negative currency gains pay a lower required return on equity than firms with almost zero currency gains. Finally, we are trying to explain estimation results using sectoral breakdown of product exports in each country of data sample.
Совершенствование инструментария оценки финансового потенциала отрасли электроэнергетики
Authors: Рыкова Инна Николаевна , Табуров Денис Юрьевич 
Published: May 2019

Влияние внешних и внутренних факторов на экономику компаний приводит к изменению финансового потенциала отрасли электроэнергетики и недостаточно полной оценке активности компаний ее электроэнергетики для повышения эффективности управления ресурсами, что обусловило актуальность проведения данного исследования. В качестве объекта исследования выбран вид экономической деятельности, который относится к производству, передаче и перераспределению электроэнергии для измерения финансового потенциала и поиска резервов повышения вклада в экономический рост страны.
Цель исследования состоит в оценке финансового потенциала отрасли как источника роста экономики, а также возможностей прогнозирования развития экономики в электроэнергетике.
В статье рассмотрены источники финансирования инвестиций в основной капитал в отрасли электроэнергетики в Российской Федерации, определена динамика параметров, воздействующих на уровень финансового потенциала компаний отрасли электроэнергетики, проиллюстрирована динамика стоимости инвестиций в денежном эквиваленте в соотношении с оборотом энергетических компаний. На основе проведенного исследования авторами разработаны модель гибкого развития и финансирования компаний реального сектора экономики (на примере компаний электроэнергетики) и методические рекомендации по формированию конкурентного механизма финансирования компаний электроэнергетики.
Новизна предлагаемой модели заключается в расширении возможностей по инвестированию в отрасль электроэнергетики как на региональном, так и на федеральном уровне и направлена на повышение финансового потенциала компаний – инициаторов проекта. Проведенный анализ позволил выделить четыре типа инструментов финансирования, которые рекомендуется применять для совершенствования деятельности компаний реального сектора экономики: инструменты государственно-частного партнерства, инновационного развития, государственной экономической политики и фискальные инструменты.
Практическая значимость разработанных методических рекомендаций заключается в том, что их адаптация к компаниям реального сектора экономики позволит усовершенствовать стратегическое управление финансовым механизмом аккумулирования потоков доходов таких компаний в долгосрочной перспективе и выработать модель гибкого планирования бюджета и оценки ключевых рисков, возникающих на всех уровнях экономического развития.
Management Education in teaching and learning a Foreign Language, in particular English language
Authors: Allegra Stefania 
Published: May 2019

Brain is the most important part of the body in order to achieve goals. It’s important to have clear goals to clarify mind duty and tasks. It’s a difficult life to go on when you have many problems to face, but you can succeed if you make clear intention in what you do.
Everything is to face life and find coherence in what you are able to do. Try to make a strategy list to find the right way to give the right time to every point and activity in your life.
So you can find the explanation in neuroscience and quantum physic about all phenomena happen around you. Brain areas involve many processes as learning, memorization, in order to achieve better knowledge and skills in getting a foreign language. So brain working is related to neuropsychological research in order to explain process of learning a foreign language.
All brain processes are connected with the central nervous system mechanisms that make working all the cerebral mechanisms used.
A professional teacher knows how it works in mind process when he teaches a foreign language as English or. French or German or Russian etc
A New Mechanistic Model to Predict Boosting Pressure of Electrical Submersible Pumps ESPs Under High-Viscosity Fluid Flow with Validations by Experimental Data
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Zhu Haiwen , Cao Guangqiang , Zhang Jiecheng , Peng Jianlin , Banjar Hattan , Zhang Hong-Quan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As the second most widely used artificial lift method in petroleum production (and first in produced amount), electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) maintain or increase flow rates by converting kinetic energy to hydraulic pressure of hydrocarbon fluids. ESPs are generally characterized under water condition and the water performance curve is provided by manufacturers. However, properties of hydrocarbon fluids are very different from water and significantly alter the pump performance. Most of existing methods to estimate ESP pump boosting pressure under viscous fluid flow involve strong empirical nature by correlating the experimental data with correction factors. A universally valid mechanistic model is not available yet. In this paper, a new mechanistic model accounting for viscosity effects of working fluids on ESP pump hydraulic heads is proposed, which is validated with a wide range database collected from different pump types.
The new model starts from Euler equations for centrifugal pump, and introduces a conceptual best-match flowrate QBM, at which the outlet flow direction of impeller matches the designed flow direction. The mismatch of velocity triangles, resulted from various liquid flow rates, is used to derive recirculation losses. Other head losses due to flow direction change, friction, and leakage flow etc. are incorporated in the new model. QBM is obtained by matching the predicted performance curve with the catalog curve with water. With the determined QBM, the ESP hydraulic head under viscous fluid flow conditions can be calculated. The model predictions of the boosting pressure among various ESPs are compared with an experimental database, which is composed of more than 170,000 data points.
The specific speeds (NS) of ESP pumps in this study are ranged from 1600 to 3448, among which one ESP pump is radial type, and the others are mixed types. As baseline, the model-predicted ESP pump water performance well matches to the catalog curves. With viscous fluid medium, the boosting pressures predicted by the model agree well with the experimental data. For most calculation results with medium to high flow rates, the overall prediction error is less than 15%. Unlike the empirical correction factors that use experimental data points as inputs, the mechanistic model proposed in this study does not require any experimental data input, it could predict ESP pump performance with an acceptable accuracy.
Successful First ESP Project Offshore Brunei – Building ESP Capability
Authors: Yasmin Yazid 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Electrical Submersible pumps (ESPs) have been installed on a large scale for the first time in offshore Brunei. Despite having produced in Brunei for 80 years the company previously only had a single ESP running, and that was in an onshore field. The primary lift method in Brunei has been gas-lift, and regionally ESPs have not been widely adopted. As ESPs were relatively novel to offshore operations a steep learning curve was expected. Poor operation practices are a threat to run life, and failures are costly (especially offshore). This paper outlines the challenges faced by the project team, and the approach taken to execute this project successfully and operate ESPs smoothly from day one.
The application for these ESPs was relatively simple, with benign environments in low temperatures and shallow setting depths. The primary challenge with introducing ESPs to offshore Brunei was developing people, and building capability and hands on experience. The main approaches for this included: Building a new ESP operations team.Learning from other assets in the company portfolio (including in the Middle East and Western Siberia) via official visits, and sending staff for short term assignments.Developing long term vendor relationship including field operations support onshore and offshore.Rolling out an ESP competency plan with a clear outline on the required competency level for all personnel and how it could be achieved.Hosting more engagement sessions closer to first oil between the operations team and project team.
This paper shares: The challenges faced by the project.Details on building a competent team to successfully startup and operate ESP wells.Early results and performance of the operations team.Lessons learnt and next steps.
Interpretation of ESP Reliability using Weibull Analysis and Dynamic Run Life Analysis
Authors: Al-Jazzaf Abdulla M. , Pandit Akchaylal , Al-Maqsseed Nora 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are the most common used artificial lift method in Kuwait. The life data analysis of an ESP is important in design, operation, and to meet the deliverability of the reservoir. Weibull Reliability combined with the Dynamic Average Equipment Run-Life (DAERL) allows to construct confidence intervals for the survival of ESP system based on equipment, design information, reservoir data, and operating performance. Statistical methodology using a combination of Weibull and DAERL is developed and applied to a data set which covers all ESP systems installed in Kuwait with over 8 years of data covering 5,000 ESP installations. Through the addition of operating history data (including the number of trips and the specific reasons of trips) into the analysis provides a more accurate reliability measure of running wells today.
The primary advantage of Weibull analysis is the ability to provide reasonably accurate failure analysis and failure forecasts with small samples. By performing linear regression, parameter estimates can be obtained that will enable to interpret the survival of an ESP system based on equipment, reservoir, and operating information. Weibull Analysis shows better and more accurate results than an average method of reliability in evaluating ESP system performance. The DAERL analysis looks at the overall run life of a group of wells (operating and non-operating) and the change in performance over time. Cross comparisons of equipment types (such as round cable instead of flat cable) yield results of a longer expected run life and higher reliability. The paper shows that in most cases both Weibull and DAERL show similar performance trends, but the value of the results presented for each has different applications. The effect of survivability in this study is applied on different types of ESP surface and downhole equipment, reservoir data, failure reasons, and the operating history. The results of the analysis generate recommendations that are used to improve performance of both current running ESP wells and future ESPs to be installed. One of the major priorities of the authors in this study was to use the results to better operate running wells today, by measuring the average days between shutdowns combined with Weibull reliability, an analysis tool is built to higlight specific wells that are at risk of failure.
Downhole Gas Separation in a High-GLR CO2 Application
Authors: Nicholson B. L. , Tyler C. , Yicon C. , Sikes M. A. , El Mahbes R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are severely affected by free gas entering into the pump, which can cause significant degradation in pump performance. Gas locking (i.e., a gas bubble blocking the fluid from passing through the impeller) results in frequent shutdowns and restarts, thereby increasing the risk of premature failure. The result is unstable production due to ESP shutdowns caused by underload or high motor temperature. Historically, the industry has used shrouds, reverse flow gas separators, dynamic gas separators, and more recently, multiphase pumps to handle the gas. Such multiphase gas handling technology adds cost and requires additional power.
Recently Oxy Permian EOR installed a multiphase encapsulated production solution to separate the gas from the liquid in the wellbore. As produced fluids pass the pump at high velocity, the heavier liquid falls back into the shroud in a low-velocity area between the tubing and the top of the shroud, allowing the gas to continue to the surface. This system has proven to separate the gas from the liquid effectively, stabilizing operations within a certain operating window. In this paper, we share field examples showing the results achieved and how uptime improved over the last year. Twenty-four (24) systems have been installed in the Permian Basin with a 99% reduction in the number of shutdowns. All have had improved operational performance, with an average 30% improvement in drawdown and a 16% increase in total fluid production.
These particular fields are constantly being injected with CO2, which presents even more challenging conditions for ESPs than merely solution gas. As the CO2 enters the wellbore, the liquid stream composition changes, as does the gas/liquid ratio (GLR), making it difficult to draw down and function consistently over time. Many different systems have been tried with varying degrees of success. This system has proved to be successful in attaining our objectives of higher drawdown, stable operations, and fewer failures.