bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of oil recession on community mental health service utilization in an oil sands mining region in Canada
Authors: Ritchie Amanda , Hrabok Marianne , Igwe Ogechi , Omeje Joy , Ogunsina Olurotimi , Ambrosano Lorella , Corbett Sandra , Juhás Michal , Agyapong Vincent IO 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: This retrospective clinical audit compared changes in community mental health service utilization before and during an economic recession in an oil sands region in Canada which was characterized by a doubling of unemployment rates and poor economic outlook. Methods: Sociodemographic descriptors, psychiatric antecedents, clinical characteristics and follow-up care were compared before and during the recession for newly assessed patients in community mental health clinics located across a Northern Alberta oil mining region. Data were collected retrospectively as part of a clinical audit process and then analysed with descriptive statistics, cross-tabular univariate analyses with chi-square tests using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 1,465 patients were included. Sociodemographic factors disproportionately elevated during the recession included male sex, Caucasian ethnicity, own home ownership, higher levels of education and unemployment. More patients seeking mental health care were already taking psychotropic medications (e.g. antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and stimulants). At the same time, disproportionately fewer patients engaged in substance abuse or had a prior formal history of mental health problems. The referral reasons during recession were less likely to be associated with substance abuse or mood concerns and more likely for ‘other’ reasons. The patients seeking psychiatric help during a recession were disproportionately likely to be diagnosed with personality disorders and ‘other’ less common diagnostic categories and less likely to suffer from mood or trauma-related diagnoses. Referrals for counselling and social services were also disproportionately more common during the recession. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive description of longitudinal patterns of mental health service utilization before and during a recession. The findings provide important evidence for policy and planning decisions to encourage resource allocation to help promote accessibility of the most needed community mental health resources.
Hippocampal mammalian target of rapamycin is implicated in stress-coping behavior induced by cannabidiol in the forced swim test
Authors: Sartim Ariandra G , Sales Amanda J , Guimarães Francisco S , Joca Sâmia RL 
Published: July 2018

Background: Cannabidiol is a non-psychotomimetic compound with antidepressant-like effects. However, the mechanisms and brain regions involved in cannabidiol effects are not yet completely understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin-receptor kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (BDNF-TrkB-mTOR) signaling, especially in limbic structures, seems to play a central role in mediating the effects of antidepressant drugs. Aim: Since it is not yet known if BDNF-TrkB-mTOR signaling in the hippocampus is critical to the antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol, we investigated the effects produced by cannabidiol (10/30/60 nmol/0.2 µL) micro-injection into the hippocampus of mice submitted to the forced swim test and to the open field test. Methods: Independent groups received intra-hippocampal injections of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor, 0.2 nmol/0.2 µL) or K252 (Trk antagonist, 0.01 nmol/0.2 µL), before the systemic (10 mg/kg) or hippocampal (10 nmol/0.2µL) injection of cannabidiol, and were submitted to the same tests. BDNF levels were analyzed in the hippocampus of animals treated with cannabidiol (10 mg/kg). Results: Systemic cannabidiol administration induced antidepressant-like effects and increased BDNF levels in the dorsal hippocampus. Rapamycin, but not K252a, injection into the dorsal hippocampus prevented the antidepressant-like effect induced by systemic cannabidiol treatment (10 mg/kg). Differently, hippocampal administration of cannabidiol (10 nmol/0.2 µL) reduced immobility time, an effect that was blocked by both rapamycin and K252a local microinjection. Conclusion: Altogether, our data suggest that the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB-mTOR pathway is vital for cannabidiol-induced antidepressant-like effect when the drug is locally administered. However, other brain regions may also be involved in cannabidiol-induced antidepressant effect upon systemic administration.
Repeatability analysis of ADC histogram metrics of the uterus
Authors: Onodera Koichi , Hatakenaka Masamitsu , Yama Naoya , Onodera Maki , Saito Tsuyoshi , Kwee Thomas Christian , Takahara Taro 
Published: July 2018

Background Recently, histogram analysis based on voxel-wise apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value distribution has been increasingly performed. However, few studies have been reported regarding its repeatability. Purpose To evaluate the repeatability of ADC histogram metrics of the uterus in clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods Thirty-three female patients who underwent pelvic MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were prospectively included after providing informed consent. Two sequential DWI acquisitions with identical parameters and position were obtained. Regions of interest (ROIs) for histologically confirmed uterine lesions (five cervical and three endometrial cancers, and one endometrial hyperplasia) and normal appearing tissues (21 endometrium and 33 myometrium) were assigned on the first DWI dataset and then pasted onto the second DWI dataset. ADC histogram metrics within the ROIs were calculated and repeatability was evaluated by calculating within-subject coefficient of variance (%) (wCV (%)) and Bland–Altman plot (%). Results ADC 10%, 25%, median, 75%, 90%, maximum, mean, and entropy showed high repeatability (wCV (%) < 7, 95% limit of agreement in Bland–Altman plot (%) < ±20), followed by ADC minimum (wCV (%) = 8.12, 95% limit of agreement in Bland–Altman plot (%) < ±30). However, ADC skewness and kurtosis showed very low repeatability in all evaluations. Conclusion ADC histogram metrics like ADC 10%, 25%, median, 75%, 90%, maximum, mean, and entropy are robust biomarkers and could be applicable to clinical use. However, ADC skewness and kurtosis lack robustness. Radiologists should keep these characteristics and limitations in mind when interpreting quantitative DWI.
First-in-Human Pilot Study of Implantation of a Scaffold-Free Tissue-Engineered Construct Generated From Autologous Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Repair of Knee Chondral Lesions
Authors: Shimomura Kazunori , Yasui Yukihiko , Koizumi Kota , Chijimatsu Ryota , Hart David A. , Yonetani Yasukazu , Ando Wataru , Nishii Takashi , Kanamoto Takashi , Horibe Shuji , Yoshikawa Hideki , Nakamura Norimasa , Sakaue Morito , Sugita Norihiko , Moriguchi Yu 
Published: July 2018

Background: Articular cartilage has limited healing capacity, owing in part to poor vascularity and innervation. Once injured, it cannot be repaired, typically leading to high risk for developing osteoarthritis. Thus, cell-based and/or tissue-engineered approaches have been investigated; however, no approach has yet achieved safety and regenerative repair capacity via a simple implantation procedure. Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of using a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct (TEC) derived from autologous synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for effective cartilage repair. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Five patients with symptomatic knee chondral lesions (1.5-3.0 cm2) on the medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, or femoral groove were included. Synovial MSCs were isolated from arthroscopic biopsy specimens and cultured to develop a TEC that matched the lesion size. The TECs were then implanted into chondral defects without fixation and assessed up to 24 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was the safety of the procedure. Secondary outcomes were self-assessed clinical scores, arthroscopy, tissue biopsy, and magnetic resonance image–based estimation of morphologic and compositional quality of the repair tissue. Results: No adverse events were recorded, and self-assessed clinical scores for pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sports activity, and quality of life were significantly improved at 24 months after surgery. Secure defect filling was confirmed by second-look arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging in all cases. Histology of biopsy specimens indicated repair tissue approaching the composition and structure of hyaline cartilage. Conclusion: Autologous scaffold-free TEC derived from synovial MSCs may be used for regenerative cartilage repair via a sutureless and simple implantation procedure. Registration: 000008266 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry number).
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Caregiver Burden in Individuals With Alzheimer’s Disease: The TEAM-AD VA Cooperative Study
Authors: Chen Peijun , Guarino Peter D. , Dysken Maurice W. , Pallaki Muralidhar , Asthana Sanjay , Llorente Maria D. , Love Susan , Vertrees Julia E. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Sano Mary 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease (AD) and their association with caregiver burden. Methods: Secondary analyses of baseline data from the Trial of Vitamin E and Memantine in Alzheimer's Disease (TEAM-AD) (N=613). Neuropsychiatric Inventory were used to measure severity of NPS and caregiver activity survey to measure caregiver burden. Results: A total of 87% of patients displayed at least 1 NPS; 70% displayed clinically meaningful NPS. The most common symptoms were apathy (47%), irritability (44%), agitation (42%), and depression (40%). Those with moderate AD had more severe NPS than those with mild AD ( P = .03). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were significantly associated with caregiver time after adjusting for age, education, cognitive function, and comorbidity ( P-value < .0001) with every point increase in NPS associated with a 10-minute increase in caregiver time. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric symptoms were prevalent in both mild and moderate AD, even in patients receiving treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and were more severe in moderate AD and associated with greater caregiver time.
Association of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index With Placental Histopathological Characteristics in Uncomplicated Term Pregnancies
Authors: Brouwers Laura , Franx Arie , Vogelvang Tatjana E , Houben Michiel L , van Rijn Bas B , Nikkels Peter GJ 
Published: July 2018

Introduction Prepregnancy obesity is a growing global health problem and has several risks for mother and child. The aim of this study was to systematically examine the effect of increased maternal body mass index (BMI) on placental pathology in otherwise uneventful term pregnancies. Methods In this analysis, we studied data of the Netherlands Amniotic Fluid study, a prospective study of women delivering in Utrecht, the Netherlands, between 2006 and 2007. We included women with uncomplicated pregnancies, vaginal delivery, and data on prepregnancy weight and height (n = 382). Placental histopathology was compared between women of normal BMI (≤24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Results Increasing prepregnancy BMI was associated with heavier placentas and higher mean infant’s birth weight. In addition, obesity was positively associated with high-grade chronic villitis (odds ratio [OR]: 18.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–205.2), accelerated villous maturation (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0–1.2), and lower incidence of placental weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0). There was a substantial effect of parity on maternal, placental, and neonatal weights. Conclusions Even in uncomplicated pregnancies, maternal obesity is associated with characteristic changes in placental pathology. Further research is needed to evaluate these changes in view of later-life health of infants born to obese mothers.
Taste and dissolution of theophylline extended-release dry syrups
Authors: Chono Sumio , Ikeda Akari , Ishikawa Shiori , Togami Kohei 
Published: July 2018

Objectives In this study, we examined the taste and dissolution of theophylline extended-release dry syrups using one branded and six generic formulations. Methods Healthy volunteers underwent sensory testing to assess the syrup taste. Drug dissolution was examined using in vitro dissolution tests. Results and discussion: Syrup taste, including sweetness, bitterness, and aftertaste, was different between formulations. These differences can likely be attributed to the presence of different pharmaceutical additives between formulations. Our results indicated that syrup aftertaste was dependent on the level of sweetness and bitterness. In addition, dissolution behaviors were different between formulations, suggesting bio-inequivalence between formulations. These differences likely reflect the use of different controlled-release technologies between formulations. Conclusions This study provides useful information for selecting branded or generic theophylline extended-release dry syrups for individualized treatments.
Age and sex-specific associations of carotid pulsatility with small vessel disease burden in transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke
Authors: Lau Kui Kai , Pego Petra , Mazzucco Sara , Li Linxin , Howard Dominic PJ , Küker Wilhelm , Rothwell Peter M 
Published: July 2018

Background Although large artery stiffness has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease, whether carotid pulsatility, a convenient surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, is similarly associated with global burden of small vessel disease is unknown. Aims To determine the age and sex-specific associations of carotid pulsatility with global burden of small vessel disease. Methods We studied consecutive patients with transient ischemic attack or non-disabling ischemic stroke from the Oxford Vascular Study who had a brain MRI and carotid duplex ultrasound during 2002–2014. We determined clinical correlates of common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) pulsatility index (PI) and their associations with the total small vessel disease score on MRI, stratified by age (median = 72). Results In 587 patients, correlates of CCA and ICA-PI were both independently associated with age, diabetes, and premorbid mean pulse pressure after adjustment for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors (all p < 0.05). ICA-PI was strongly associated with small vessel disease markers and burden, particularly lacunes, in patients aged<70 (age and sex-adjusted odds ratio of top vs. bottom pulsatility index quartile: 5.35, 1.95–14.70, p = 0.001; increasing small vessel disease score: 2.30, 1.01–5.25, p = 0.048), but not in patients aged ≥ 70 ( p > 0.05). No associations between CCA-PI with small vessel disease score were noted at any age. In 94 consecutive patients who also received transcranial Doppler ultrasound, strong associations between middle cerebral artery (MCA)-PI and an increasing small vessel disease score were noted (unadjusted OR–MCA: 4.26, 1.45–12.55, p = 0.009; ICA: 2.37, 0.81–6.87, p = 0.11; CCA: 1.33, 0.45–3.96, p=0.61). Conclusions ICA and MCA-PI are associated with global small vessel disease burden, especially in individuals aged<70 and may be causally related.
Unplanned hysterectomy following myomectomy at a tertiary institution: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Mirowska-Allen Kelly L , Kong Karen KY , Ang W Catarina 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Myomectomy is the gold standard uterine-sparing treatment for fibroids. However, the procedure is often complicated by blood loss. In rare cases, haemorrhage may be so severe that a conversion to hysterectomy is warranted. The aim of our study was to investigate the rates of and the clinical reasoning behind unplanned hysterectomies following attempted myomectomies at our institution. Methods: All patients who underwent an open or laparoscopic myomectomy at the Royal Women’s Hospital were identified using a gynaecology unit database, maintained from January 2004 to December 2013. Records for patients whose surgeries were unexpectedly converted to a hysterectomy were examined. A review of the literature was also performed, investigating the rates of unplanned hysterectomies following myomectomies. Results: Of the 1501 myomectomies performed, six resulted in an unplanned hysterectomy; an incidence rate of 0.4%. Fibroids were either intramural or pedunculated with the median number of tumours per patient being 2.5 (interquartile range: 1–6). The largest tumour for each patient varied significantly from 4.0 × 3.2 cm to 29.0 × 25.0 cm. In all cases, despite being strongly advised to have a planned hysterectomy, patients insisted on having a myomectomy. Two patients underwent conversion to hysterectomy intraoperatively while the remainder required a return to theatre. Difficulty achieving intraoperative haemostasis (n = 2), and the development of postoperative bleeding and coagulopathy (n = 4) were reasons cited for proceeding to hysterectomy. Conclusion: The rate of conversion from myomectomy to hysterectomy at our institution was low at 0.4%. In all cases, the reason for conversion was difficulty with haemostasis, despite infrequent use of haemostatic agents, and coagulopathy.
Isolated Tearing and Avulsion of the Distal Biceps Femoris Tendon During Sporting Activities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Metcalf Kathryn B. , Voos James E. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Isolated tearing and avulsions of the distal biceps femoris sustained during sporting activities are uncommon. Purpose: To systematically review the literature to identify distal biceps femoris tears and avulsions experienced during sporting activities to determine injury prevalence, sporting activities/mechanisms, management, and time to return to sport. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was conducted investigating studies published between January 1970 and December 2017 that reported on athletes sustaining tears and avulsions of the distal biceps femoris during sporting activity. The review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and used the PubMed, Biosis Previews, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting on (1) partial or complete tears and avulsions of the distal biceps femoris with documented sporting activity causing injury, (2) injury management (operative vs nonoperative), and (3) patient outcome. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies reporting on (1) distal biceps femoris injuries without tearing, (2) injuries secondary to nonsporting activities (mechanical falls, trauma), (3) concomitant injuries to adjacent structures about the knee, and (4) studies not reporting injury management or patient outcomes. Sporting activities, injury characteristics, management, and time to return to sport were analyzed. Results: A total of 22 athletes with isolated distal biceps femoris tears or avulsions were identified. Injuries were predominantly associated with noncontact knee hyperextension with concurrent hip flexion during soccer or track and field, most commonly isolated to the musculotendinous junction. Injuries were treated surgically in 91% (20/22) of athletes. Mean (±SD) overall time to return to sport was 4.9 ± 3.3 months, and for athletes who underwent operative repair, there were no significant postoperative differences based on injury location (musculotendinous junction vs avulsion, P = .25) or injury severity (partial vs complete injury, P = .13). Conclusion: Isolated distal biceps femoris injuries occurred primarily via noncontact mechanisms. The majority of cases were treated surgically, with successful return to sport at preinjury levels. No significant difference in return to sport was appreciated based on injury location or severity. Further studies are necessary to determine the impact of treatment method.
Low-pH cement mortar-bentonite perturbations in a small-scale pilot laboratory experiment
Authors: González-Santamaría D.E. , Angulo M. , Ruiz A.I. , Fernández R. , Ortega A. , Cuevas J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTA novel method to perform small-scale laboratory experiments that reproduce concrete–bentonite and concrete–groundwater interactions has been developed. Such interfaces will prevail in engineered barrier systems used for isolation of nuclear waste. With the goal of optimizing the experimental method, this work has analysed the geochemical interaction of distilled water, low-pH cement mortar and FEBEX-bentonite for 75 days. Limited but evident reactivity between the materials was observed, mainly decalcification in cement mortar, carbonation at the interface with bentonite and Mg enrichment in bentonite. These results are consistent with the state-of-the-art literature and were used to validate this small-scale pilot laboratory experiment to establish the basis for further studies comparing the behaviour of different buffer and cement materials.
How Do the Mechanical Demands of Cycling Affect the Information Content of the EMG?
Authors: WAKELING JAMES M. , HODSON-TOLE EMMA F. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The persistence of phase-related information in EMG signals can be quantified by its entropic half-life (EnHL). It has been proposed that the EnHL would increase with the demands of a movement task, and thus increase as the pedaling power increased during cycling. However, simulation work on the properties of EMG signals suggests that the EnHL depends on burst duration and duty cycle in the EMG that may not be related to task demands. This study aimed to distinguish between these alternate hypotheses.

Methods
The EnHL was characterized for 10 muscles from nine cyclists cycling at a range of powers (35 to 260 W) and cadences (60–140 rpm) for the raw EMG, phase-randomized surrogate EMG, EMG intensity, and the principal components describing the muscle coordination patterns.

Results
There was phase-related information in the raw EMG signals and EMG intensities that was related to the EMG burst duration, duty cycle pedaling cadence, and power. The EnHL for the EMG intensities of the individual muscles (excluding quadriceps) and for the coordination patterns decreased as cycling power and cadence increased.

Conclusions
The EnHL provide information on the structure of the motor control signals and their constituent motor unit action potentials, both within and between muscles, rather than on the mechanical demands of the cycling task per se.
Continuidad de la urbanización informal en los espacios de pobreza metropolitanos, rémora del desarrollo y déficit de la política de vivienda: Cuernavaca, México
Authors: Olivera Lozano Guillermo 
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se explica por qué, a dos años de que inicie la tercera década del siglo xxi, los habitantes urbanos en situación de pobreza en Cuernavaca, México, continúan teniendo como vía fundamental de acceso a la vivienda, la ocupación informal del suelo, en un periodo en el que el crédito hipotecario ha tenido su mayor expansión en la historia. Se identifica al empleo informal y los salarios por debajo de 2,6 veces el salario mínimo como causas de su exclusión de la oferta de mercado, en tanto que los programas federales de subsidio para trabajadores informales tienen un bajo impacto y no inciden en el factor suelo. La crisis del 2009 significó el estancamiento de un aparente avance de la urbanización formal sobre la informal. Para el caso de estudio se comprueba la asociación entre pobreza e informalidad económica y urbana, en tanto que datos de una encuesta aplicada aportan detalles sobre características de los habitantes, su grado de satisfacción por convertirse en propietarios, la progresividad en la construcción de la vivienda, su nivel de acceso a microfinanciamiento para mejoras a la vivienda y gastos personales, y su movilidad residencial.