bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making sense of ultrahigh‐resolution movement data: A new algorithm for inferring sites of interest
Authors: Munden Rhys , Börger Luca , Wilson Rory P. , Redcliffe James , Loison Anne , Garel Mathieu , Potts Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDecomposing the life track of an animal into behavioral segments is a fundamental challenge for movement ecology. The proliferation of high‐resolution data, often collected many times per second, offers much opportunity for understanding animal movement. However, the sheer size of modern data sets means there is an increasing need for rapid, novel computational techniques to make sense of these data. Most existing methods were designed with smaller data sets in mind and can thus be prohibitively slow. Here, we introduce a method for segmenting high‐resolution movement trajectories into sites of interest and transitions between these sites. This builds on a previous algorithm of Benhamou and Riotte‐Lambert (2012). Adapting it for use with high‐resolution data. The data’s resolution removed the need to interpolate between successive locations, allowing us to increase the algorithm’s speed by approximately two orders of magnitude with essentially no drop in accuracy. Furthermore, we incorporate a color scheme for testing the level of confidence in the algorithm's inference (high = green, medium = amber, low = red). We demonstrate the speed and accuracy of our algorithm with application to both simulated and real data (Alpine cattle at 1 Hz resolution). On simulated data, our algorithm correctly identified the sites of interest for 99% of “high confidence” paths. For the cattle data, the algorithm identified the two known sites of interest: a watering hole and a milking station. It also identified several other sites which can be related to hypothesized environmental drivers (e.g., food). Our algorithm gives an efficient method for turning a long, high‐resolution movement path into a schematic representation of broadscale decisions, allowing a direct link to existing point‐to‐point analysis techniques such as optimal foraging theory. It is encoded into an R package called SitesInterest, so should serve as a valuable tool for making sense of these increasingly large data streams.
Long‐term declines in winter body mass of tits throughout Britain and Ireland correlate with climate change
Authors: Furness Euan N. , Robinson Robert A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe optimum body mass of passerine birds typically represents a trade‐off between starvation risk, which promotes fat gain, and predation pressure, which promotes fat loss to maintain maneuvrability. Changes in ecological factors that affect either of these variables will therefore change the optimum body masses of populations of passerine birds. This study sought to identify and quantify the effects of changing temperatures and predation pressures on the body masses and wing lengths of populations of passerine birds throughout Britain and Ireland over the last 50 years. We analyzed over 900,000 individual measurements of body mass and wing length of blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, coal tits Periparus ater, and great tits Parus major collected by licenced bird ringers throughout Britain and Ireland from 1965 to 2017 and correlated these with publicly available temperature data and published, UK‐wide data on the abundance of a key predator, the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus. We found highly significant, long‐term, UK‐wide decreases in winter body masses of adults and juveniles of all three species. We also found highly significant negative correlations between winter body mass and winter temperature, and between winter body mass and sparrowhawk abundance. Independent of these effects, body mass further correlated negatively with calendar year, suggesting that less well understood dynamic factors, such as supplementary feeding levels, may play a major role in determining population optimum body masses. Wing lengths of these birds also decreased, suggesting a hitherto unobserved large‐scale evolutionary adjustment of wing loading to the lower body mass. These findings provide crucial evidence of the ways in which species are adapting to climate change and other anthropogenic factors throughout Britain and Ireland. Such processes are likely to have widespread implications as the equilibria controlling evolutionary optima in species worldwide are upset by rapid, anthropogenic ecological changes.
Strategies to cure numerical shock instability in the HLLEM Riemann solver
Authors: Simon Sangeeth , Mandal J.C. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe HLLEM scheme is a popular contact and shear preserving approximate Riemann solver that is known to be plagued by various forms of numerical shock instability. In this paper, we clarify that the shock instability exhibited by this scheme is primarily triggered by the spurious activation of the antidiffusive terms present in the first and third Riemann flux components on the transverse interfaces adjoining the shock front due to numerical perturbations. These erroneously activated terms are shown to counteract the favorable damping mechanism provided by its inherent HLL‐type diffusive terms, causing an unphysical variation of the conserved quantity ρu both along and across the numerical shock. To prevent this, two distinct strategies are proposed termed as Selective Wave Modification and Anti Diffusion Control. The former focuses on enhancing the quantity of the favorable HLL‐type dissipation available on these critical flux components by carefully increasing the magnitudes of certain nonlinear wave speed estimates, while the latter focuses on directly controlling the magnitude of these critical antidiffusive terms. A linear perturbation analysis is performed to gauge the effectiveness of these cures and to estimate a von Neumann–type stability bounds on the CFL number associated with their use. Results from a variety of classic shock instability test cases show that the proposed strategies are able to provide excellent shock stable solutions even on grids that are highly elongated across the shock front without compromising the accuracy on inviscid contact or shear dominated viscous flows.
Genesis and tectonic setting of the Bulage Pb–Zn deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, EMPA, H–O isotope systematics, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and geochemistry
Authors: Li Jian , Cai Wen‐yan , Fu Li‐juan , Zhang Xue‐bing , Wang Ke‐yong , Ma Xue‐li , Sun Yao‐chao 
Published: December 2018

The recently discovered Bulage Pb–Zn deposit is located in the central part of the Erlianhot–Dongwuqi Metallogenic Belt (eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt) in Inner Mongolia, China. The ore bodies of the deposit are hosted in alkali feldspar granite and in dacitic crystal tuff within Unit 2 of the Carboniferous Baoligaomiao Formation. The Bulage deposit is a low to moderate temperature hydrothermal vein‐type deposit and is controlled by fractures. The hydrothermal mineralization can be divided into three stages: early (quartz + specularite ± magnetite), middle (quartz + sphalerite + galena ± chalcopyrite ± pyrite), and late (calcite ± quartz + sphalerite + galena). The deposit contains liquid‐rich two‐phase (VL‐type) and pure‐liquid (L‐type) fluid inclusions. The initial ore‐forming fluids are attributed to the low to moderate temperature and low salinity of a NaCl–H2O system. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz and calcite indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were dominated by meteoric water with minor contributions of magmatic water. The quartz diorite, monzonite porphyry, and alkali feldspar granite in the deposit yield LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb ages of 305–300 Ma. These high‐K calc‐alkaline I‐type granitoids are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Rb, Cs, and K) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) and are depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The primary magma of these granitoids was derived from the partial melting of lower crust. The parental magma of the quartz diorite may have provided part of the ore‐forming material and acted as a heat source for mineralization. Therefore, we infer that the Bulage Pb–Zn deposit was formed as a result of the southward subduction of the Paleo–Asian Ocean beneath the North China Craton during the Late Carboniferous.
Feasibility and utility of a cognitive screening for risk stratification in hospitalized older patients
Authors: Geschke Katharina , Weyer‐Elberich Veronika , Mueller Anne‐Kristin , Binder Harald , Fellgiebel Andreas 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether the Mini‐Cog can be applied by nursing staff to hospitalized elderly patients for cognitive impairment associated risk stratification.MethodsThis explorative prospective multicenter cohort study was carried out among 2522 patients aged 70 and older, hospitalized due to physical illness in eight hospitals in Rhineland‐Palatinate, Germany. All patients were asked to conduct the Mini‐Cog at the day of admission and were clustered into low‐performance, intermediate‐performance, and good‐performance categories by trained nursing staff and two experienced geronto‐psychiatrists as gold standard. Complications in the course of the treatment were monitored.ResultsThe Mini‐Cog was conducted in 1398 (54%) out of 2522 eligible patients. Mini‐Cog scores assessed by nursing staff differed from the gold standard in 327 cases (23.9%). According to the area under the curve (AUC), nursing staff identified cognitively low‐performing patients almost as well as the geronto‐psychiatrists (AUC = 0.862; 95% CI, 0.83‐0.89; P < 0.001, accuracy 89.6%). Overall, 241 (17.6%) patients were classified as low performing. These patients had a significantly higher probability of suffering from at least one complication (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13; 95% CI, 2.09‐4.70; calculated by a logistic regression model, adjusted for age), and they had a higher probability to show behavioral symptoms.ConclusionEven under naturalistic conditions, nursing staff detected cognitively low‐performing inpatients with the Mini‐Cog. Using this short screening instrument should enable to predict complications of hospitalized older patients associated with cognitive impairment, a precondition to implement targeted care for this vulnerable patient group.
Spatial dynamics within and between brain functional domains: A hierarchical approach to study time‐varying brain function
Authors: Iraji Armin , Fu Zening , Damaraju Eswar , DeRamus Thomas P. , Lewis Noah , Bustillo Juan R. , Lenroot Rhoshel K. , Belger Aysneil , Ford Judith M. , McEwen Sarah , Mathalon Daniel H. , Mueller Bryon A. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Potkin Steven G. , Preda Adrian , Turner Jessica A. , Vaidya Jatin G. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe analysis of time‐varying activity and connectivity patterns (i.e., the chronnectome) using resting‐state magnetic resonance imaging has become an important part of ongoing neuroscience discussions. The majority of previous work has focused on variations of temporal coupling among fixed spatial nodes or transition of the dominant activity/connectivity pattern over time. Here, we introduce an approach to capture spatial dynamics within functional domains (FDs), as well as temporal dynamics within and between FDs. The approach models the brain as a hierarchical functional architecture with different levels of granularity, where lower levels have higher functional homogeneity and less dynamic behavior and higher levels have less homogeneity and more dynamic behavior. First, a high‐order spatial independent component analysis is used to approximate functional units. A functional unit is a pattern of regions with very similar functional activity over time. Next, functional units are used to construct FDs. Finally, functional modules (FMs) are calculated from FDs, providing an overall view of brain dynamics. Results highlight the spatial fluidity within FDs, including a broad spectrum of changes in regional associations, from strong coupling to complete decoupling. Moreover, FMs capture the dynamic interplay between FDs. Patients with schizophrenia show transient reductions in functional activity and state connectivity across several FDs, particularly the subcortical domain. Activity and connectivity differences convey unique information in many cases (e.g., the default mode) highlighting their complementarity information. The proposed hierarchical model to capture FD spatiotemporal variations provides new insight into the macroscale chronnectome and identifies changes hidden from existing approaches.
Developments in the Private Sector: Manufacturers, Consultants and Contractors in Relation to ICID'S Vision 2030
Authors: Nazir Waseem 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe private sector is playing an increasingly significant role in the irrigation and drainage sector across the value chain. As the premier international body on irrigation and drainage, ICID can further enhance engagement with the private sector for the benefit of the irrigation and drainage sector globally. This paper examines the context of private‐sector participation with respect to ICID's role, assesses the sector landscape and stakeholders in the light of ICID's Roadmap to Vision 2030 and its constituent Action Plan for 2017–2021, and derives potential initiatives which may be adopted, by ICID, for enhancing private‐sector engagement in irrigation and drainage. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plastic Mulch and Plant Density Influencing Soil Water Content and Yield of Rainfed Maize in North‐Eastern China
Authors: Sun Shijun , Chen Zhijun , Jiang Hao , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Linlin , Chi Daocai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPlastic mulch, in combination with high plant density, is a common practice for rainfed maize production in north‐eastern China. However, the influence of these practices on soil water storage, maize yield and maize water productivity in different precipitation years is not well understood. In this paper, a 3‐year split‐plot field experiment was designed to compare non‐mulching and plastic film mulching in maize at 67 500 and 82 500 plants per ha in 2013, 2014 and 2015, and also 97 500 plants per ha in 2014 and 2015. Results revealed an increasing trend of precipitation in the study area from 1962 to 2015 and that the number of dry years and extreme years (including extreme dry and wet years) was increasing. In the moderately wet year 2013 and the moderately dry year 2015, the combination of 82 500 plants per ha and plastic film mulching produced the highest yield and water productivity (8.2 t ha−1, 1.7 kg m−3 and 8.3 t ha−1, 2.3 kg m−3, respectively) for maize, while in the extremely dry year 2014 the highest yield (5.6 t ha−1) occurred with 97 500 plants per ha and non‐mulching. This research might be helpful for smallholder farmers needing optimal agricultural strategies to improve maize production in rainfed areas of north‐east China. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telemental health training and delivery in primary care: A case report of interdisciplinary treatment
Authors: Sanchez Gonzalez Mayra L. , McCord Carly E. , Dopp Alex R. , Tarlow Kevin R. , Dickey Nancy J. , McMaughan Darcy K. , Elliott Timothy R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTelehealth can overcome access and availability barriers that often impede receiving needed mental health services. This case report describes an interdisciplinary approach to treatment for an individual with chronic physical health conditions and comorbid mental health concerns, which resulted in high utilization (and associated costs) of preventable emergency services. The report describes clinical case progression on anxiety symptoms and emergency service utilization while concurrently highlighting telehealth‐specific practice implications, especially as they pertain to training settings.
Telesupervision: Building bridges in a digital era
Authors: Inman Arpana G. , Soheilian Sepideh S. , Luu Linh P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTechnological advances have revolutionized the way we think of counseling and psychotherapy education. Not only are we able to reach trainees, counselors, and clients in the far corners of the world, but Internet‐based educational processes have transformed the process by which we deliver curriculum and engage in supervision practices. This study highlights a training model that has been successfully used at one institution for preparing supervisors‐in‐training to engage in telesupervision. Through empirical data, we highlight lessons learned—challenges, benefits, ethical dilemmas, the impact of telesupervision practices on the supervisory working alliance, and attitudes towards and willingness to use telesupervision in the future. Implications for training and supervision in a global society are addressed.
Stressing out the mitochondria: Mechanistic insights into NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Yabal Monica , Calleja Dale J , Simpson Daniel S , Lawlor Kate E 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that induce the cleavage and release of bioactive IL-1β and cause a lytic form of cell death, termed pyroptosis. Due to its diverse triggers, ranging from infectious pathogens and host danger molecules to environmental irritants, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome remains the most widely studied inflammasome to date. Despite intense scrutiny, a universal mechanism for its activation remains elusive, although, recent research has focused on mitochondrial dysfunction or potassium (K+) efflux as key events. In this review, we give a general overview of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and explore the recently emerging noncanonical and alternative pathways to NLRP3 activation. We highlight the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease that is associated with mitochondrial and oxidative stress. Finally, we interrogate the mechanisms proposed to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. A greater understanding of how NLRP3 inflammasome activation is triggered may reveal new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Review of the ambiguities surrounding mitochondrial damage-mediated activation of NLRP3, including new models for how cell death may activate NLRP3 to influence inflammation.
In situ Raman study of laser‐induced stabilization of reduced nanoceria (CeO2−x) supported on graphene
Authors: Nikolenko Andrii , Strelchuk Viktor , Gnatyuk Olena , Kraszkiewicz Piotr , Boiko Vitaliy , Kovalska Evgeniya , Mista Wlodzimierz , Klimkiewicz Roman , Karbivskii Volodymyr , Dovbeshko Galina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis work demonstrates a novel approach to application of in situ Raman spectroscopy to study laser‐induced stabilization of reduced nanoceria (CeO2−x) supported on graphene—a promising nanocomposite for future development of nanomaterial‐enabled gas sensors or vital catalysts for hydrogenation of alcohols under anaerobic conditions. Structural stabilization of CeO2−x nanoparticles (NPs) on a graphene surface is evidenced by significant modification of Raman spectra—the appearance, increase in relative intensity, and low‐wavenumber shift of CeO2 F2g band at excitation laser powers higher than ~5 mW. The effect is related to the reduction in a number of oxygen vacancies in CeO2−x NPs. Analysis of the graphene 2D and G band wavenumbers through ω2D(ωG) correlation indicated a decrease in p‐type graphene doping attributed to the charge transfer between the stabilizing CeO2−x NPs and the graphene that occurs due to trapping of graphene mobile holes by oxygen vacancies in CeO2−x. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis supported this idea by showing the increased lattice constant of fluorite‐type hexagonal‐shaped CeO2−x NPs as compared with bulk CeO2 and which could be related to partial reduction of CeO2−x NPs as a result of the Ce4+ transformation to Ce3+ with formation of corresponding oxygen vacancies. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed the mixed Ce4+/Ce3+ valence state of the CeO2−x NPs. Thus, by combining the structure conversion of nanoceria induced by electromagnetic radiation and its stabilization by the graphene support, this work provides a foundation for advanced concepts in the development of the next‐generation catalysts and sensors.
Subjective and objective evaluation of visual fatigue caused by continuous and discontinuous use of HMDs
Authors: Guo Jie , Weng Dongdong , Zhang Zhenliang , Liu Yue , Duh Henry B.‐L. , Wang Yongtian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring continuous use of displays, a short rest can relax users' eyes and relieve visual fatigue. As one of the most important devices of virtual reality, head‐mounted displays (HMDs) can create an immersive 3D virtual world. When users have a short rest during the using of HMDs, they will experience a transition from virtual world to real world. In order to investigate how this change affects users' eye condition, we designed a 2 × 2 experiment to explore the effects of short rest during continuous using of HMDs and compared the results with those of 2D displays. The Visual Fatigue Scale, critical flicker frequency, visual acuity, pupillary diameter, and accommodation response of 80 participants were measured to assess the subject's performance. The experimental results indicated that a short rest during the using of 2D displays could significantly reduce users' visual fatigue. However, the experimental results of using HMDs showed that short rest during continuous using of HMD induced more severe symptoms of subjectively visual discomfort, but reduced the objectively visual fatigue.
Management of difficult airway among patients with oropharyngeal angioedema
Authors: Pandian Vinciya , Zhen Gooi , Stanley Stanola , Oldsman Marco , Haut Elliott , Mark Lynette , Miller Christina , Hillel Alexander 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary difficult airway response team (DART), a quality improvement program, in the management of patients with difficult airway associated with oropharyngeal angioedema patients.MethodsIndividual retrospective cohort study. Retrospective review of patient charts from July 2003 to June 2008 (pre‐DART) and retrospective review of prospectively collected data from July 2008 to June 2013 (post‐DART). Patients with angioedema were identified using International Classification of Disease codes 995.1 and 277.6. Patients were included in the study if an otolaryngologist was consulted for airway management. Patients were excluded if they had a history of angioedema but no active issues. Patient characteristics, airway evaluation, and interventions (intubation/surgical airway) were compared between the pre‐DART and post‐DART cohort.ResultsThe DART team attended to 27 patients with advanced oropharyngeal angioedema. Response time averaged 3.36 minutes. Preintubation fiberoptic airway evaluations were performed in 81% of the post‐DART cohort and 56% of the pre‐DART cohort. The incidence of patients requiring intubation was higher in the post‐DART cohort (18 out of 27 [67%]) than the pre‐DART (14 out of 36 [39%]) cohort. One emergency cricothyroidotomy was performed in each of the post‐DART and pre‐DART cohorts.ConclusionAngioedema of the larynx is a predictor of intubation or cricothyroidotomy. Fiberoptic‐guided intubation is primarily used for establishing airway in angioedema patients. A multidisciplinary standardized approach such as the DART program offers adequate time and resources for airway evaluation prior to intervention and allows fewer number of attempts to secure an airway.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 129:1360–1367, 2019