bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno‐Economic Analysis of a Coal Staged Conversion Polygeneration System for Power and Chemicals Production
Authors: Li Kaikun , Wang Qinhui , Fang Mengxiang , Shaikh Abdul Rahim , Xie Guilin , Luo Zhongyang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSteady‐state process simulation and techno‐economic analysis of a pyrolysis‐based coal staged conversion polygeneration (CSCP) plant, integrated with wastewater biochemical treatment after phenol‐ammonia recovery, are studied using Aspen Plus software. Appropriate models for the proposed system are set up in detail. Furthermore, by optimization of a methanation unit, a conventional supercritical circulating fluidized bed (SCCFB) power plant with the same capacity is chosen for comparison. Simulation results reveal that system energy and exergy efficiency of the CSCP system can reach much higher values than those of a conventional SCCFB power plant. In conclusion, a CSCP plant will have practical and economic advantages in the near future.
Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)‐Based Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts for C−H Bond Activation
Authors: Liu Mengjia , Wu Jie , Hou Hongwei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConverting light hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, and cyclohexane into value‐added chemicals and fuel products by means of direct C−H functionalization is an attractive method in the petrochemical industry. As they emerge as a relatively new class of porous solid materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are appealing as single‐site heterogeneous catalysts or catalytic supports for C−H bond activation. In contrast to the traditional microporous and mesoporous materials, MOFs feature high porosity, functional tunability, and molecular‐level characterization for the study of structure–property relationships. These virtues make MOFs ideal platforms to develop catalysts for C−H activation with high catalytic activity, selectivity, and recyclability under relatively mild reaction conditions. This review highlights the research aimed at the implementation of MOFs as single‐site heterogeneous catalysts for C−H bond activation. It provides insight into the rational design and synthesis of three types of stable MOF catalysts for C−H bond activation, that is, i) metal nodes as catalytic sites, ii) the incorporation of catalytic sites into organic struts, and iii) the incorporation of catalytically active guest species into pores of MOFs. Here, the rational design and synthesis of MOF catalysts that lead to the distinct catalytic property for C−H bond activation are discussed along with the post‐synthesis of MOFs, intriguing functions with MOF catalysts, and microenvironments that lead to the distinct catalytic properties of MOF catalysts.
On Electrostatics, Covalency, and Chemical Dashes: Physical Interactions versus Chemical Bonds
Authors: Pendás Angel Martin , Casals‐Sainz Jose Luis , Francisco Evelio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe increasing availability of real‐space interaction energies between quantum atoms or fragments that provide a chemically intuitive decomposition of intrinsic bond energies into electrostatic and covalent terms [see, for instance,Chem. Eur. J.2018,24, 9101] provides evidence for differences between the physicist's concept of interaction and the chemist's concept of a bond. Herein, it is argued that, for the former, all types of interactions are treated equally, whereas, for the latter, only the covalent short‐range interactions have actually been used to build intuition about chemical graphs and chemical bonds. This has led to the bonding role of long‐range Coulombic terms in molecular chemistry being overlooked. Simultaneously, blind consideration of electrostatic terms in chemical bonding parlance may lead to confusion. The relationship between these concepts is examined herein, and some notes of caution on how to merge them are proposed.
An Integrated Strategy towards Enhanced Performance of the Lithium–Sulfur Battery and its Fading Mechanism
Authors: Huang Xia , Luo Bin , Knibbe Ruth , Hu Han , Lyu Miaoqiang , Xiao Mu , Sun Dan , Wang Songcan , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo fulfil the potential of Li–S batteries (LSBs) with high energy density and low cost, multiple challenges need to be addressed simultaneously. Most research in LSBs has been focused on the sulfur cathode design, although the performance is also known to be sensitive to other parameters such as binder, current collector, separator, lithium anode, and electrolyte. Here, an integrated LSB system based on the understanding of the different roles of binder, current collector, and separator is developed. By using the cross‐linked carboxymethyl cellulose–citric acid (CMC‐CA) binder, Toray carbon paper current collector, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated separator, LSBs achieve a high capacity of 960 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles (2.5 mg cm−2) and 930 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles (5 mg cm−2) at 0.1 C. Moreover, the failure mechanism at a high sulfur loading with characteristics of fast capacity decay and infinite charging is discussed. This work highlights the synergistic effect of different components and the challenges towards more reliable LSBs with high sulfur loading.
From Acenaphthenes to (+)‐Delavatine A: Visible‐Light‐Induced Ring Closure of Methyl (α‐Naphthyl) Acrylates
Authors: Peez Theodor , Luy Jan‐Niclas , Harms Klaus , Tonner Ralf , Koert Ulrich 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDisclosed herein is a visible light mediated cyclization of methyl (α‐naphthyl) acrylates and heteroaromatic analogues yielding substituted acenaphthenes and azaacenaphthenes. This highly functional‐group‐tolerant transformation was put to the test in an enantioselective formal synthesis of delavatine A. Mechanistic details were elucidated by DFT‐calculations revealing an unusual intramolecular H‐transfer mediated by a primary amine. The generality of this transformation enables a novel synthetic strategy of five membered ring annulation at an advanced stage, allowing reliance upon naphthalene chemistry up to the point of acenaphthene construction.
Identification, Localization, and Quantification of HIV Reservoirs Using Microscopy
Authors: Prevedel Lisa , Ruel Nancy , Castellano Paul , Smith Carla , Malik Shaily , Villeux Courtney , Bomsel Morgane , Morgello Susan , Eugenin Eliseo A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe major barrier to eradicating human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV) infection is the generation and extended survival of HIV reservoirs. In order to eradicate HIV infection, it is essential to detect, quantify, and characterize circulating and tissue‐associated viral reservoirs in infected individuals. Currently, PCR‐based technologies and Quantitative Viral Outgrowth Assays (Q‐VOA) are the gold standards to detect viral reservoirs. However, these methods are limited to detecting circulating viral reservoirs, and it has been shown that they misrepresent the size of the reservoirs, largely because they detect only one component of the HIV life cycle and are unable to detect viral reservoirs in tissues. Here, we described the use of multiple detection systems to identify integrated HIV DNA or viral mRNA and several HIV proteins in circulating and tissue reservoirs using improved staining and microscopy techniques. We believe that this imaging‐based approach for detecting HIV reservoirs will lead to breakthroughs necessary to eradicate these reservoirs. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Software defined service function chaining with failure consideration for fog computing
Authors: Tajiki M.M. , Shojafar Mohammad , Akbari Behzad , Salsano Stefano , Conti Mauro 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMiddleboxes have become a vital part of modern networks by providing services such as load balancing, optimization of network traffic, and content filtering. A sequence of middleboxes comprising a logical service is called a Service Function Chain (SFC). In this context, the main issues are to maintain an acceptable level of network path survivability and a fair allocation of the resource between different demands in the event of faults or failures. In this paper, we focus on the problems of traffic engineering, failure recovery, fault prevention, and SFC with reliability and energy consumption constraints in Software Defined Networks (SDN). These types of deployments use Fog computing as an emerging paradigm to manage the distributed small‐size traffic flows passing through the SDN‐enabled switches (possibly Fog Nodes). The main aim of this integration is to support service delivery in real‐time failure recovery in an SFC context. First, we present an architecture for Failure Recovery called FRFP; this is a multi‐tier structure in which the real‐time traffic flows pass through SDN‐enabled switches to jointly decrease the network side‐effects of flow rerouting and energy consumption of the Fog Nodes. We then mathematically formulate an optimization problem called the Optimal Fast Failure Recovery algorithm (OFFR) and propose a near‐optimal heuristic called Heuristic HFFR to solve the corresponding problem in polynomial time. In this way, the reliability of the selected paths are optimized, while the network congestion is minimized.
GPU‐based branch‐and‐bound method to solve large 0‐1 knapsack problems with data‐centric strategies
Authors: Shen Jingcheng , Shigeoka Kentaro , Ino Fumihiko , Hagihara Kenichi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAn out‐of‐core branch‐and‐bound (B&B) method to solve large 0‐1 knapsack problems on a graphics processing unit (GPU) is proposed. Given a large problem that produces many subproblems, the proposed method dynamically swaps subproblems to CPU memory. Because such a CPU‐centric subproblem management scheme increases CPU‐GPU data transfer, we adopt three data‐centric strategies to eliminate this side effect. The first is an out‐of‐order search (O3S) strategy that reduces the data transfer overhead by adaptively transferring subproblems between the CPU and GPU. The second is an explicitly‐managed pipelining strategy that hides the data transfer overhead by overlapping data transfer with GPU‐based B&B operations. The third is a GPU‐based stream compaction strategy that reduces the sparseness of arrays to be transferred. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed out‐of‐core method stored 41 times as many subproblems as a previous in‐core method that manages subproblems in GPU memory, solving approximately twice as many problem instances on the GPU. In addition, compared to a previous breadth‐first search (BFS) strategy, the proposed O3S strategy achieved an average speedup of 7.5 times.
p‐hub median location optimization of hub‐and‐spoke air transport networks in express enterprise
Authors: Zhang Xinwei , Dong Shaohua , Liu Yanhui 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBased on the single allocation p‐hub median location problem in hub‐and‐spoke networks, this paper studies the aviation hubs location optimization of express enterprise, primarily using p‐median model and greedy dropping heuristic algorithm to solve the initial candidate locations of the aviation hubs by Lingo. Then, the integer program model of the location and allocation of the aviation hubs was set up, with the upper limit of the distribution distance as the main constraint. The improved locations were calculated by immune algorithm on Matlab. The numerical example of A express enterprise was presented. After analyzing the status and the problems of aviation hub location in East China, the two best hub locations Wuxi and Hangzhou were finally determined by above model with the total cost reduced by 19.6%. The optimization results show the validation of the model.
Mouse Models of Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Sagi Varun , Song‐Naba Waogwende L. , Benson Barbara A. , Joshi Sonal S. , Gupta Kalpna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that impacts millions of individuals worldwide. SCD is characterized by debilitating pain that can begin during infancy and may continue to increase throughout life. This pain can be both acute and chronic. A characteristic feature specific to acute pain in SCD occurs during vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) due to the blockade of capillaries with sickle red blood cells. The acute pain of VOC is intense, unpredictable, and requires hospitalization. Chronic pain occurs in a significant population with SCD. Treatment options for sickle pain are limited and primarily involve the use of opioids. However, long‐term opioid use is associated with numerous side effects. Thus, pain management in SCD remains a major challenge. Humanized transgenic mice expressing exclusively human sickle hemoglobin show features of pain and pathobiology similar to that in patients with SCD. Therefore, these mice offer the potential for investigating the mechanisms of pain in SCD and allow for development of novel targeted analgesic therapies. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Psychological effects of cool sensations generated by using image display, in which gas can be released through screen
Authors: Tomono Keisuke , Tomono Akira 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt has been suggested that the Kansei multimedia display (KMMD) is able to emit air flows and scents in addition to conventional audio‐visual information through the display. This display is characterized as follows: the display has slits and pits to emit air flows from a position close to projected pictures due to a system where the display is equipped in the back with an air blower and an air flow direction controller. This study aimed to show the psychological effects of two content layouts for cool refreshment, which were produced based on the characteristics of this multimedia display. The possibilities for function and application of the KMMD were examined. An experiment of a virtual fan created as a three‐dimensional CG assessed the effects of cool refreshment and the feeling of presence induced by the air flows, which was connected to the swing movement of the fan and emitted from a position close to the image of the fan. Further, an experiment with seasonal images was conducted, providing aromas, which have been reported to affect an individual's sense of cold, when showing video scenes of a cold region. This experiment revealed cross modal physiological effects, such as the decline of the feeling of temperature and the temperature of the skin surface, which were induced subjectively and psychologically by the attribute of this scene.
Sex differences in surrogate decision‐maker preferences for life‐sustaining treatments of Japanese patients with heart failure
Authors: Nakamura Kensuke , Kinugasa Yoshiharu , Sugihara Shinobu , Hirai Masayuki , Yanagihara Kiyotaka , Haruki Nobuhiko , Matsubara Koichi , Kato Masahiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsPatients with end‐stage heart failure (HF) often require surrogate decision making for end‐of‐life care owing to a lack of decision‐making capacity. However, the clinical characteristics of surrogate decision making for life‐sustaining treatments in Japan remain to be investigated.Methods and resultsAmong 934 patients admitted to our hospital for HF from January 2004 to December 2015, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive 106 patients who died in hospital (mean age 73 ± 13 years; male, 52.6%). During hospitalization, attending physicians conducted an average of 2.1 ± 1.4 end‐of‐life conversations with patients and/or their families. Only 4.7% of patients participated in the conversations and declared their preferences; surrogates made medical care decisions in 95.3% of cases. Most decisions by surrogates (98.1%) were made without the patient's advance directive. During initial end‐of‐life conversations, 49.4% of surrogates requested cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, 72.0% of CPR preferences were changed to do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders in the final conversation. Female surrogates were more likely to change the preference from CPR to DNAR than were male surrogates (47.1% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.023).ConclusionsCompared with male surrogates, female surrogates wavered more often in their decisions regarding life‐sustaining treatments of Japanese patients with end‐stage HF.
Embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan impairs foraging efficiency in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Wirt Heidi , Botka Rosalea , Perez Kathryn E. , King-Heiden Tisha 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

The ubiquitous and persistent contaminant triclosan is known to cause developmental and behavioral toxicity in fish, but few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of these responses. We used a phenotypically anchored approach to evaluate the behavioral responses caused by early exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan to better understand the risk triclosan poses to fish. Zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.4, 4, or 40 μg triclosan/L (nominal concentrations) for 5 d followed by depuration for 16 d to assess effects on mortality, development, and foraging efficiency. Because foraging efficiency can be impacted by neurological and structural alterations, we assessed morphological and behavioral indicators of neurotoxicity and morphology of craniofacial features associated with gape to identify potential underlying mechanisms associated with altered foraging behaviors. To our knowledge, we are the first to show that early exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan impairs foraging efficiency in larval fish by 10%, leading to emaciation and reduced growth and survival. The cause of the impacts of triclosan on foraging efficiency remains unknown, because effects were not associated with overt indicators of neurotoxicity or grossly malformed craniofacial structures. Our results suggest that early exposure to triclosan has the potential to impact the sustainability of wild fish populations, and thus the mechanism underlying behavioral alterations following exposure to triclosan warrants further study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3124–3133. © 2018 SETAC
Energy‐efficient resource allocation and RRH association in multitier 5G H‐CRANs
Authors: Ali Sher , Ahmad Ayaz , Khan Aimal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe rapid growth of connected devices and multimedia applications intensify the needs of high data rate and energy‐efficient networks. Multitier heterogeneous cloud radio access networks have been presented as a capable candidate for fifth‐generation networks for much higher data rate and energy efficiency (EE) than fourth generation. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the EE maximization in the uplink of a single‐carrier frequency division multiple access–based multitier heterogeneous cloud radio access network. We formulate a joint subchannel assignment, power allocation, and remote radio head association problem for EE maximization. Single‐carrier frequency division multiple access introduces subchannel exclusivity and subchannel adjacency constraints. These constraints, respectively, ensure the allocation of a subchannel to a single user at a time and the allocation of multiple subchannels to a user only if they are adjacent. In addition, we put constraints on each user's minimum data rate and maximum transmit power. Due to the simultaneous consideration of these four constraints, the solution of the formulated problem becomes harder. Therefore, a three‐step algorithm is developed, which solves this problem in an iterative manner. Simulation results verify that our proposed algorithm significantly improve the EE of the network.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of old‐old suicide attempters compared with young‐old and middle‐aged attempters
Authors: Kim HeungKyu , Ahn Joung‐Sook , Kim Hyun , Cha Yong Sung , Lee Jinhee , Kim Min‐Hyuk , Min Seongho 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify distinctive characteristics of old‐old suicide attempters (75 years and older) from young‐old (60‐74 years old) and middle‐aged suicide attempters (45‐59 years old).MethodsWe included consecutive series of 920 patients aged 45 years and older who had visited the emergency room from 2009 to 2015 because of suicide attempts. They were divided into 3 groups according to age. Information about the suicide attempt and sociodemographic status was gathered through interviews with attempters or caregivers. Chi‐square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the differences among the 3 groups.ResultsWe found that old‐old suicide attempters had high intent to die and high medical lethality as a result of the attempt, and illness‐related problems exerted a strong motivational effect on this group. Psychiatric drugs, pesticides, and herbicides were frequently used to attempt suicide. These attempts were less likely to be associated with alcohol consumption compared to other age groups.ConclusionOld‐old suicide attempters have different characteristics, compared with young‐old and middle‐aged counterparts. It is necessary to assess suicide risk and depression when examining patients with physical illness or when prescribing psychotropic drugs. High‐risk groups should be given immediate intervention including psychiatric treatment before they act on high suicide intent.
Effects of the 2008 global financial crisis on population health
Authors: Habibov Nazim , Auchynnikava Alena , Luo Rong , Fan Lida 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe compare the transmission channels through which the 2008 global financial crisis affected health. We find that postponing or skipping visits to the doctor after falling ill and stopping buying regular medication had the strongest negative effects on health, followed by a reduced consumption of staple foods, utilities being cut, being forced to move, and having to sell assets. In comparison, experiencing cuts in TV, phone, and internet services, as well as delaying payments for utilities had relatively weaker negative impacts. In contrast, having a household head or household member lose a job also had negative effects on health status, although this effect was relatively lower. Finally, a reduced flow of remittances had the weakest negative effect.
Western organizational change capacity theory and its application to public health organizations in China: A multiple case analysis
Authors: Zhao Xueyin , Goodman Robert M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAs health reform becomes a crucial task for both Chinese and United States government, public health organizations are required to adopt changes based on reform policy. Organizational Change Capacity theory is a Western theory that indicates the capacities that organizations should possess when pursuing successful organizational change. This study seeks to understand the applicability of this theory to Chinese public health organizations by contrasting organizations that have achieved success or remained challenged in implementing organizational change to optimize health reform. The research questions are: Is the Organizational Change Capacity theory applicable in Chinese public health organizations? How should it be modified to best fit Chinese public health organizations? Seventy‐two participants from 12 public health organizations in Beijing and Xi'an were recruited for interviews and follow‐up questionnaires that asked for experiences during their organizational changes. During the analysis, a new Chinese Organizational Change Capacity theory with nine main themes emerged. This new framework provides a guideline for Chinese public health organizations to evaluate their change capacity, and offers a theoretical foundation for researchers to design interventions that increase these organizations' capacity in achieving successful change.