bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of selective attention in implicit learning: evidence for a contextual cueing effect of task-irrelevant features
Authors: Tavera Felice , Haider Hilde 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith attentional mechanisms, humans select and de-select information from the environment. But does selective attention modulate implicit learning? We tested whether the implicit acquisition of contingencies between features are modulated by the task-relevance of those features. We implemented the contingencies in a novel variant of the contextual cueing paradigm. In such a visual search task, participants could use non-spatial cues to predict target location, and then had to discriminate target shapes. In Experiment 1, the predictive feature for target location was the shape of the distractors (task-relevant). In Experiment 2, the color feature of distractors (task-irrelevant) cued target location. Results showed that participants learned to predict the target location from both the task-relevant and the task-irrelevant feature. Subsequent testing did not suggest explicit knowledge of the contingencies. For the purpose of further testing the significance of task-relevance in a cue competition situation, in Experiment 3, we provided two redundantly predictive cues, shape (task-relevant) and color (task-irrelevant) simultaneously, and subsequently tested them separately. There were no observed costs of single predictive cues when compared to compound cues. The results were not indicative of overshadowing effects, on the group and individual level, or of reciprocal overshadowing. We conclude that the acquisition of contingencies occurs independently of task-relevance and discuss this finding in the framework of the event coding literature.
Square-mean S-Asymptotically $$\omega $$-Periodic Solutions for Some Stochastic Delayed Integrodifferential Inclusions
Authors: Mbaye Mamadou Moustapha , Diop Amadou , N’Guérékata Gaston Mandata 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this work, by the resolvent operator theory, stochastic analysis theory and the fixed-point technique in Fréchet spaces, we present sufficient conditions for the existence of square-mean S-asymptotically $$\omega $$
ω
-periodic mild solutions of abstract stochastic integrodifferential inclusions with infinite delay in separable Hilbert spaces and provide an example to illustrate the abstract results.
Morphology of the human inner ear and vestibulocochlear nerve assessed using 7 T MRI
Authors: Aphiwatthanasumet Kingkarn , Jethwa Ketan , Glover Paul , O’Donoghue Gerard , Auer Dorothee , Gowland Penny 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To optimize high-resolution 7 T MRI of the cochlea and measure normal cochlea and the cochlear nerve morphometry in vivo.

Materials and methods
Eight volunteers with normal hearing were scanned at 7 T using an optimized protocol. Two neuroradiologists independently scored image quality. The basal turn lumen diameter (BTLD), height, width, length and volume of the cochlear, long (LD) and short (SD) diameter the calculated cross-sectional area (CSA) of the cochlear nerve were measured. Intra and inter-observer reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC).

Results
3D T2W DRIVE combined with dielectric pads, allowed acquisition of high-resolution images showing detailed structures, such as the crista ampullaris in the semicircular canals. The overall grading scores from neuroradiologists were excellent. In the left ear, averaging over all subjects gave BTLD of 2.6 ± 0.05 mm, height of 4.9 ± 0.1 mm, width of 4.4 ± 0.2 mm, length of 36.5 ± 0.4 mm, volume of 0.16 ± 0.02 ml, LD of 1.31 ± 0.1 mm, SD of 1.06 ± 0.1 mm, and CSA of 1.1 ± 0.1 mm2. The right ear gave BTLD of 2.6 ± 0.04 mm, height of 4.9 ± 0.1 mm, width of 4.4 ± 0.3 mm, length of 35.5 ± 0.4 mm, volume of 0.16 ± 0.02 ml, LD of 1.29 ± 0.1 mm, SD of 1.07 ± 0.1 mm, and CSA of 1.10 ± 0.2 mm2. No statistically significant difference was found between the sides of the head (p-value > 0.05). The intra-observer reliability was high (0.77–0.94), while the inter-observer reliability varied from moderate to high (0.55–0.81).

Conclusion
7 T MRI can provide excellent visualization of the internal structure of the cochlear and of the vestibulocochlear nerve in vivo.
Muscle spindle receptors and their impact on Parkinson´s disease and Cerebral Palsy subjects
Authors: Bartels Else Marie , Harrison Adrian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In some neurological conditions, like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Cerebral Palsy (CP), as well as with ageing, muscle spindles have been mentioned as participating in the pathological response of observed muscles. The aim of this review has therefore been to examine what is known about muscle spindle receptors, their function and how they are involved in regulating precise muscle movement in relation to these two conditions. Data from acoustic myography (AMG) studies with healthy controls (HC), CP and PD subjects have been re-examined with a view to identifying possible effects of changes in muscle movement which could be related to muscle spindle receptor function. Studies of muscle spindles have shown that during shortening and lengthening contractions the fusimotor system is activated differently with different discharge frequencies and sensitivities. With increasing age comes a loss of precise proprioception, something that coincides with a change in the AMG E-score towards lower values, indicating a reduced level of coordination and efficiency of muscle use. With PD and CP there is likewise a documented decrease in proprioception, also showing lower E-values than age-matched HC subjects. We conclude that the decrease in proprioception observed in these subjects must be partly due to a change in the muscle spindle / C-centre feedback system.
Diplomonorchis fallax n. sp. (Digenea: Monorchiidae) from the northern Gulf of Mexico with evaluation of sympatric congeners
Authors: Curran Stephen S. , Olson Peter D. , Bullard Stephen A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Diplomonorchis micropogoni Nahhas & Cable, 1964 was considered a junior subjective synonym of Diplomonorchis leiostomi Hopkins, 1941 in 1969. Diplomonorchis leiostomi has since been widely reported from the coastal Western Atlantic between Delaware Bay and southern Brazil. Until now, taxonomically verifiable DNA sequence data for D. leiostomi has been available from an individual worm collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico. We generated a partial sequence of the 28S rRNA gene from D. leiostomi from the spot croaker, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède (type-host) from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (type-locality) that differed at 31 of 1,246 bases from the available 28S sequence. This prompted a reevaluation of Diplomonorchis spp. identities from the northern Gulf of Mexico. We found D. leiostomi and D. micropogoni distinguishable by testes shape and size, and to a lesser degree by relative caecal length. Museum specimens of D. leiostomi, identified from the Gulf of Mexico represent a species complex containing D. leiostomi, D. cf. micropogoni and, a new species of Diplomonorchis. The sequences previously identified as D. leiostomi in GenBank (AY222137 & AY222252) are herein identified as D. cf. micropogoni. The new species is described from newly collected material herein. Phylogenetic analysis of 28S rRNA sequences from the species complex plus 46 species from the Monorchioidea Odhner, 1911 indicated all three Diplomonorchis spp. are closely related and form a clade with some species of Lasiotocus Looss, 1907. With the addition of the new species, and acceptance of D. micropogoni, there are currently 14 valid species in Diplomonorchis.
Analysis of six consecutive waves of ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients: key findings and insights from a Portuguese population
Authors: Von Rekowski Cristiana P. , Pinto Iola , Fonseca Tiago A. H. , Araújo Rúben , Calado Cecília R. C. , Bento Luís 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIdentifying high-risk patients, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), enhances treatment and reduces severe outcomes. Since the pandemic, numerous studies have examined COVID-19 patient profiles and factors linked to increased mortality. Despite six pandemic waves, to the best of our knowledge, there is no extensive comparative analysis of patients’ characteristics across these waves in Portugal. Thus, we aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical features of 1041 COVID-19 patients admitted to an ICU and their relationship with the different SARS-Cov-2 variants in Portugal. Additionally, we conducted an in-depth examination of factors contributing to early and late mortality by analyzing clinical data and laboratory results from the first 72 h of ICU admission. Our findings revealed a notable decline in ICU admissions due to COVID-19, with the highest mortality rates observed during the second and third waves. Furthermore, immunization could have significantly contributed to the reduction in the median age of ICU-admitted patients and the severity of their conditions. The factors contributing to early and late mortality differed. Age, wave number, D-dimers, and procalcitonin were independently associated with the risk of early death. As a measure of discriminative power for the derived multivariable model, an AUC of 0.825 (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.719–0.931) was obtained. For late mortality, a model incorporating age, wave number, hematologic cancer, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and platelet counts resulted in an AUC of 0.795 (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.759–0.831). These findings underscore the importance of conducting comprehensive analyses across pandemic waves to better understand the dynamics of COVID-19.
Key changes across valley floors in mountain areas affected by different levels of human impact: a case study of the Ochotnica river catchment in the Polish Carpathians
Authors: Gołąb Agata , Michno Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe goal of this paper was to present knowledge on changes in the morphodynamic structure of the Ochotnica River (Polish Carpathians) and transformations within its active river zone since the end of the 19th century. The study used a set of archival and contemporary cartographic materials and the results of three-fold field mapping of the morphodynamic structure of the riverbed. Direct and indirect human interference with the natural environment of the catchment and the fluvial system was taken into account in the analysis. Analysis of changes in the morphodynamic structure of the Ochotnica and its active river zone since the end of the 19th century indicated significant changes in the development trend of the riverbed. The contemporary structure of the Ochotnica is more complex than in the 1980s. There has been a fragmentation of the riverbed into sections with different morphodynamic sections. The proportion of erosive sections has increased, which explains the reduced in the width of the active river zone of the Ochotnica. The average width of the active river zone of the river between 1861 and 2022 has changed from 80 m to 18 m. Human impact has been identified as the main reason for the changes in the morphodynamic structure of the riverbed and its active river zone. Currently, only the unregulated sect ion is characterised by free lateral migration of the riverbed and the widest active river zone (∼ 28 m).
Enhancing patient activation: a controlled implementation study of an interprofessional evidence-based counseling program for complementary and integrative healthcare in cancer patients (‘CCC-Integrativ’)
Authors: Valentini Jan , Froehlich Daniela , Roesel Inka , Stolz Regina , Mahler Cornelia , Martus Peter , Klafke Nadja , Horneber Markus , Witte Claudia , Kramer Klaus , Greil Christine , Gruen Barbara , Tomaschko-Ubelaender Katrin , Joos Stefanie ,   CCC-Integrativ Study Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractComplementary and integrative healthcare (CIH) is increasingly recognized as a valuable approach to empowering and activating cancer patients. Studies have shown that higher patient activation is positively associated with improved health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. The CCC-Integrativ study aimed to assess the implementation of an evidence-based counseling service on CIH at four Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) in Germany. In this controlled implementation study, the patient-level intervention included three CIH consultations within a 3-month period delivered by interprofessional teams of physicians and nurses. The primary endpoint was patient activation using the PAM-13 at baseline (T1) and post-intervention (T2), and compared between control (CO, receiving routine care) and the intervention group (IG) using an analysis of covariance. Missing data were handled with multiple imputations. Maintenance effects at 6-month follow-up (T3) were investigated using a linear mixed model. A total of n = 1128 oncology patients (CO = 443, IG = 685) with diverse tumor entities and cancer stages were included in the study. The overall mean baseline PAM-13 score was 69.74 (SD = 14.24) (n = 959 (85.0%)). A statistically significant between-group difference in post-intervention PAM-13 scores was observed (Fgroup(1, 1866.82) = 8.634, P = 0.003), with an adjusted mean difference of 2.22 PAM-points. Age, gender, tumor entity, disease stage, or CCC study site did not significantly predict post-treatment PAM-13 scores. The maintenance effect of the intervention was not statistically significant (FtimeXgroup(1, 3316.04) = 2.337, P = 0.096). Individually tailored counseling on CIH, offered by specifically trained, interprofessional teams, significantly improved patient activation. Given the established positive effects of higher patient activation, the implementation of such a program at cancer centers may yield beneficial outcomes for both patients and the healthcare system.
Unpacking when and how customer involvement as co-developer affects supplier new product performance
Authors: Zaefarian Ghasem , Katsikeas Constantine S. , Najafi-Tavani Zhaleh , Robson Matthew J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractScholars and practitioners concur on the importance of involving business customers in the development of new products as a viable solution to suppliers’ need for continuous improvement in innovation and enhanced performance. Yet, under certain circumstances, the difficulties of involving customers as co-developers in collaborative innovation projects can outweigh the benefits. We adopt the social context and task experience sub-dimensions of organizational learning theory to investigate whether and under what conditions customer involvement as co-developer (CIC) improves or impairs the supplier’s market-based, new product performance. Using quasi-longitudinal, lagged survey data from 217 Chinese manufacturing suppliers, we find that CIC has an inverted U-shaped relationship to new product performance. Trust negatively and shared vision positively moderate this relationship, while social interactions do not significantly influence the effectiveness of CIC practices. Finally, market experience negatively moderates the inverted U-shaped link between CIC and new product performance.
(In)Harmonious transition from an intent to an action: emotional correlates of susceptibility to control and authorship
Authors: Adamska Krystyna , Jurek Paweł , Pedynkowska Julia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe harmonious transition from intention to action is a positive experience associated with a sense of authorship over one’s own actions. Its opposite is the presence of an internal control that ensures action. According to the assumptions of self-determination theory, a person’s development is aimed at achieving harmony between intention and action. This constitutes autonomy, the second key element of which is self-reflection. The results of our study conducted on a sample of 778 people do not support the content-focused concept of autonomy. Based on the literature on self-regulation, we assumed that the transition from intention to action might be related to the anxiety, pride, curiosity and compassion. The results of our study confirm these expectations and suggest that a structural approach may offer a better understanding of the transition form intention to action than a content theory, thus providing a theoretical framework for practical solutions.
Worse Clinical and Survival Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients Living in Puerto Rico Compared to Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Blacks, and Non-Hispanic Whites from Florida
Authors: Lantz Abigail E. , Gebert Ryan , Li Jiannong , Oliveras Jose A. , Gordián Edna R. , Perez-Morales Jaileene , Eschrich Steven , Chen Dung-Tsa , Rosa Marilin , Dutil Julie , Saavedra Harold I. , Muñoz-Antonia Teresita , Flores Idhaliz , Cress William D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Herein, we report the characterization of four cohorts of breast cancer patients including (1) non-Hispanic Whites in Florida, (2) non-Hispanic Blacks in Florida, (3) Hispanics in Florida, and (4) Hispanics in Puerto Rico.

Methods
Data from female breast cancer patients were collected from cancer registry (n = 9361) and self-reported patient questionnaires (n = 4324). Several statistical tests were applied to identify significant group differences.

Results
Breast cancer patients from Puerto Rico were least frequently employed and had the lowest rates of college education among the groups. They also reported more live births and less breastfeeding. Both Hispanic groups reported a higher fraction experiencing menstruation at age 11 or younger (Floridian Hispanics [38%] and Puerto Ricans [36%]) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (20%) and non-Hispanic Blacks (22%). Non-Hispanic Black and Puerto Rican women were significantly older at breast cancer diagnosis than their non-Hispanic White and Floridian Hispanic counterparts. The Puerto Rican and non-Hispanic Black groups more frequently had pathology stage T2 or higher primary breast tumors at diagnosis (non-Hispanic Whites [29%], non-Hispanic Blacks [39%], Floridian Hispanics [33%], Puerto Ricans [46%]). The Puerto Rican (73%, 95% CI [66, 82]) and non-Hispanic Black (79%, 95% CI [75, 84]) groups demonstrate reduced 5-year survival compared to non-Hispanic Whites (89%, 95% CI [86, 92]) and Floridian Hispanics (89%, 95% CI [86, 90]).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that Puerto Rican breast cancer patients suffer significant breast cancer health disparities relative to non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics from Florida similar to the disparities observed for non-Hispanic Blacks. Future work must seek to better understand and address these disparities.
A Mixed-Methods Investigation of First-Year Medical Students’ Professionalism Competency Development over the Gross Anatomy Course
Authors: Porta-Miller Emily M. , Brueckner-Collins Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
While competency-based medical education (CBME) and competency assessment in clinical training are well documented, they are less commonly included in preclinical medical education. The gross anatomy laboratory is an opportune setting to incorporate competency assessment and reflection during preclinical medical education. This mixed-methods study determined how first-year medical student assessments of professionalism skills in the gross anatomy lab change over time and analyzed student reflections to contextualize the experiences they had developing the Professionalism competency.

Methods
First-year medical students at the University of Louisville completed self- and peer-assessments using the Professionalism Assessment Scale (PAS) at the beginning and end of their gross anatomy course (n = 83). The students also completed three competency development portfolio (CDP) entries throughout the course (n = 83). Qualitative thematic analysis with grounded theory was used to analyze comments related to professionalism skill development in the CDP reflections during the course.

Results
There was no statistical difference in PAS self-assessment scores from Time 1 (M = 4.81, SD = .209) to Time 2 (M = 4.85, SD = .217), p = .108. There was a statistically significant increase in PAS-peer-assessment scores from Time 1 (M = 4.89, SD = .165) to Time 2 (M = 4.93, SD = .127), p = .005. Thematic analysis of CDPs revealed that students believed they developed interpersonal relations/social skills, responsibility skills, and gross anatomy lab-specific skills over the gross anatomy course.

Conclusions
The Professionalism competency is inherently present and able to be assessed in the gross anatomy lab context for first-year medical students.
A Comparison Between the Reduction Behavior of DRI and BF Pellets in H2 and CO Atmospheres
Authors: Heidari Aidin , Heikkilä Anne , Iljana Mikko , Fabritius Timo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe reduction behavior of two different iron ore pellets that are used in blast furnace (BF) and direct reduction (DRI) was investigated in this research. Single pellets reduction experiments were conducted isothermally using pure CO and H2 as reducing agent in the temperature range 700 °C to 1100 °C. Reduction by H2 was significantly faster than reduction by CO for both pellets and reduction rate increased with increasing the temperature. When CO was used as the reducing agent, the BF pellet achieved a reduction degree of 32% at 700 °C and 67% at 800 °C, while the DRI pellet reached 28% and 59% at the same temperatures. This difference is due to the lower magnetite content in BF pellets (1.93%) compared to DRI pellets (9.11%). However, at 1000 °C and 1100 °C, the DRI pellet achieved 93% and 100% reduction, and the BF pellet 88% and 94%, respectively, due to the higher porosity in the DRI pellet (38%) compared to BF (32%). Kinetics controlling model for hydrogen reduction of both pellets suggested as D2 (2D Diffusion through the solid ash), however, A1 (1D Nucleation and growth) and R3 (3D Chemical reaction) were found as the most compatible models for CO reduction of DRI and BF pellets, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
Surface roughness and coefficients of friction of 3D-printed clamp tools made from selective laser melting
Authors: Kaleem Muhammad Ali , Frohn-Sörensen Peter , Reuter Jonas , Engel Bernd 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe practical use of 3D-printed metal tools in production industries requires accurate characterization of tool behaviour. In metal forming industries, the efficacy of clamp tools largely depends on surface roughness and friction behaviour of tool surfaces. This research is aimed to investigate surface roughness and friction behaviour of 3D-printed clamp tools made from selective laser melting process. Gas atomized powdered tool steel-X3NiCoTi1895 (EN 1.2709) is used to 3D print clamp tools. A mechanical setup determines the friction coefficients of 3D-printed samples under practical loading conditions. The effect of raster angle on surface roughness of 3D-printed clamp tools is determined. These findings serve as the basis of a broader project in which metal-3D-printed forming tools are developed and tested in actual production setups.
The Puzzle of Lab-Grown Meat
Authors: Montefiore Thomas , Goris John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe argue for the existence of a moral dilemma– the ‘Puzzle of Lab-Grown Meat’– which challenges those who would endorse the moral permissibility of eating lab-grown meat, such as lab-grown chicken. The puzzle is that it is unclear why the moral permissibility of eating lab-grown meat should not extend to all lab-grown meat, such as white rhino or human, yet intuitively, we consider such meat morally impermissible to consume. To reject this challenge forces an endorsement of one of two implausibly strong positions: either that all lab-grown meat is morally impermissible to eat or that all lab-grown meat is morally permissible to eat. To accept this challenge, is to attempt to solve the puzzle by providing a morally relevant distinction between ‘fair-game’ and ‘off-limits’ lab-grown meat. We consider a range of solutions but argue that each fails to solve the puzzle.