bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene Glycol‐Bonded Tetraethyl Ammonium Hydroxide ([PEG‐TEA]OH): A New Surfactant‐Combined Base Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in Water
Authors: Safaei Hamid Reza , Shekouhy Mohsen , Ghorbanzadeh Somayeh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe polyethylene glycol‐bonded tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide [PEG‐TEA]OH was synthesized and characterized as a new reusable biodegradable surfactant‐combined base catalyst. The obtained catalyst was successfully applied for the synthesis of 2‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in water via a newly reported synthetic reaction that is the condensation of 2‐aminobenzonitrile and carbonyl compounds. Using this method, a broad range of carbonyl compounds (aromatic as well as aliphatic aldehydes and ketones) were successfully reacted with 2‐aminobnzonitrile in water as a benign and completely nontoxic reaction medium and corresponding products were obtained in good to excellent yields in very short period of time.
β‐Lactam‐Synthon Interceded Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Azido‐γ‐amino Alcohols with Subsequent Transformations to Functionally Enriched Heterocycles
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Sharma Bharvi , Sachdeva Divya , Mehra Vishu , Singh Pardeep , Kumar Vipan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present manuscript explicates Boron‐dimethylsulfide‐promoted diastereoselective synthesis of 2‐azido‐γ‐amino alcohols using β‐lactam synthon protocol along with its utilization in the formation of diversely functionalized heterocycles having biological relevance. The developed protocol has the potential to surpass the typical drawbacks of conventional protocols.
Mo2C and Its Composites Derived from Egg White for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at All pH Range
Authors: He Qingqing , He Daiping , Zhang Yun , Luo Xue , Hu Lianzhe , Jiang Ping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSearching for biomass‐derived electrocatalyst with high activity and durability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at all pH range is extremely desirable but remains a significant challenge. Mo2C and its nanocomposites have been controlly synthesized by pyrolyzing the mixture of molybdenum salt and egg white (EW) that served as low‐cost but environmental‐friendly carbon source. When utilized as hydrogen evolution cathode, Mo2C and its nanocomposites exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability in acidic, neutral and alkaline mediums.
Microwave‐Assisted, Solvent‐Free, Three‐Component Domino Protocol: Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted‐2‐Pyridone Derivatives
Authors: Bai Hairui , Sun Rongrong , Chen Xuebing , Yang Lijuan , Huang Chao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicrowave assisted highly efficient synthesis of polysubstituted‐2‐pyridone derivatives via a three‐component domino reaction of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate and amines is established. The main advantages of this protocol are short reaction time, good functional group compatibility, high bond‐forming efficiency, being solvent‐ free, availability of starting materials and simple experimental procedure. Furthermore, a postulated reaction pathway included imine‐enamine tautomerism/ condensation/ aza‐ene reaction/ intramolecular cyclization processes for this three‐component domino protocol is also discussed.
Benzoxazole Derivatives as Promising Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Šlachtová Veronika , Brulíková Lucie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused predominantly by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The increasing prevalence of multidrug‐resistant MTB necessitates the discovery and development of alternative drugs against tuberculosis with a new mechanism of action. Over the past years, several benzoxazole derivatives have been synthesized and screened for their biological activity. Interestingly, some of them had promising antitubercular activity. Despite that, none of the benzoxazole derivatives has entered the phase of the preclinical hit‐to‐lead optimization step in anti‐TB research. In this review, we are summarizing recently published articles that evaluate the potency of benzoxazole heterocycle in the development of novel anti‐TB agents and outlined the future aspects of this promising heterocycle.
Novel 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles: Selective Chromogenic and Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Picric Acid
Authors: Chaudhary Shweta , Sharma Himshikha , Milton Marilyn D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA series of 2‐arylbenzothiazoles has been designed and synthesized as chromogenic and fluorescent probes for the detection of picric acid (PA) over other nitro analytes. A straightforward condensation of a variety of aryl nitriles with 2‐aminobenzenethiol under metal‐ and base‐free conditions afforded the corresponding products in 26–98% yields. All 2‐arylbenzothiazoles could efficiently sense PA at micromolar levels. The highly sensitive compound 2‐(4‐((2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl)phenyl)benzo[d]thiazole (3c) showed 95% fluorescence quenching on addition of 1.0 eq of PA which can be attributed to hydrogen bonding and ground state charge transfer complex formation with a detection limit of 19.0 μM. The high sensitivity of 3 c for PA detection was also established by test strips experiment. The sensing mechanism was explored by 1H NMR titrations and Job's plot.
Structural, Optical, Electrical and Electrocatalytic Activity Properties Of Luminescent Organic Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Karatutlu Ali , Patil Bhushan , Seker İsa , Istengir Sumeyra , Bolat Atilla , Yildirim Osman , Sevgen Yaşar N. , Bakış Yakup , Ortaç Bülend , Yilmaz Eda , Sapelkin Andrei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbon is an essential element in human life and recently becoming technologically prominent due to the emerging field of “Carbononics”. We demonstrate organic carbon quantum dots (qdots) containing nitrile bonded (C≡N bond) d‐glucose‐like traces in various sizes obtained from wheat flour to be promising for imaging applications and to possess a relaxor ferroelectric property and an enhanced electrocatalytic activity that could reduce the cost of energy devices and simple to scale up for the commercialization. The secondary electron microscopy (SEM) imaging shows that the particle size of carbon qdots can be controlled via the sonication exposure time. Elemental analysis and vibrational spectroscopy results show that carbon qdots are sensitive to N2 gas in the atmosphere and could weaken its “carbogenic” property by making a stable C≡N bond at ambient atmosphere. Rietveld analysis and HR‐TEM studies demonstrate that the structure of the C qdots was found to fit best with an acentric primitive orthorhombic lattice. The laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images show enhancement of the light emission when reducing the size and characteristic excitation wavelength‐dependent light emission of C qdots. The photoluminescence and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques show surface dominant emission and absorption upon the nitrile bonding.
A Dinculear Rhenium Complex with a Proton Responsive Ligand in the Electrochemical‐Driven CO2‐Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Wilting Alexander , Siewert Inke 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, we present a detailed study on a dinuclear Re complex bearing an α‐diimine‐tricarbonyl motif and a proton responsive ligand in the electrochemical CO2 reduction catalysis. The complex exhibits a pyrazole‐pyridine entity as α‐diimine unit and a phenol moiety as internal proton relay, which show non‐innocent behaviour under reductive conditions. Initial two electron reduction leads to NH bond cleavage forming the deprotonated ligand LH−2. Further two electron reduction at considerable negative potential induces OH bond cleavage and ligand reduction. In the presence of CO2, the reduced species reacts with CO2 forming CO. The complex shows a moderate Faraday efficiency and the activity is similar to the mononuclear derivative [Re(bpy)(CO)3(py)]+ (py=pyridine, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine).
Ultrathin Wall (1 nm) and Superlong Pt Nanotubes with Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance
Authors: Tao Lu , Yu Dan , Zhou Junshuang , Lu Xiong , Yang Yunxia , Gao Faming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of Pt nanotubes catalysts remains a substantial challenge, especially for those with both sub‐nanometer wall thickness and micrometer‐scale length characteristics. Combining techniques of insulin fibril template with Pd nanowire template, numerous Pt nanotubes with diameter of 5.5 nm, tube‐length of several micrometers, and ultrathin wall thickness of 1 nm are assembled. These tubular catalysts with both open ends deliver electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of 91.43 m2 gpt−1 which results from multiple Pt atoms exposed on the inner and outer surfaces that doubled Pt atoms can participate in catalytic reactions, further with enhanced electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The ultrafine Pt nanotubes represent a class of hollow nanostructure with increased Pt‐utilization and large ECSA, which is regarded as a type of cost‐effective catalysts for ORR.
Flexible Cationic Nanoparticles with Photosensitizer Cores for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wu Rui , Ding Xiaokang , Qi Yu , Zeng Qiang , Wu Yu‐Wei , Yu Bingran , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOne challenge for multimodal therapy is to develop appropriate multifunctional agents to meet the requirements of potential applications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is proven to be an effective way to treat cancers. Diverse polycations, such as ethylenediamine‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGED) with plentiful primary amines, secondary amines, and hydroxyl groups, demonstrate good gene transfection performances. Herein, a series of multifunctional cationic nanoparticles (PRP) consisting of photosensitizer cores and PGED shells are readily developed through simple dopamine‐involving processes for versatile bioapplications. A series of experiments demonstrates that PRP nanoparticles are able to effectively mediate gene delivery in different cell lines. PRP nanoparticles are further validated to possess remarkable capability of combined PDT and gene therapy for complementary tumor treatment. In addition, because of their high dispersities in biological matrix, the PRP nanoparticles can also be used for in vitro and in vivo imaging with minimal aggregation‐caused quenching. Therefore, such flexible nanoplatforms with photosensitizer cores and polycationic shells are very promising for multimodal tumor therapy with high efficacy.
Hydrodynamically Formed Uniform Thick Coatings on Microspheres
Authors: Liang Shuaishuai , Li Jiang , Xu Qinda , Man Jia , Chen Haosheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractForming uniform thick coatings on microspheres remains a significant challenge in various surface modification and drug delivery applications. In this work, a hydrodynamic method is demonstrated for centering microspheres in droplets with sizes ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. The core microspheres stay at the center of the droplets due to the hydrodynamic pressure generated in the surrounding liquid shells, despite the significant density difference between the core microsphere and the liquid shell. Therefore, by using polymerizable liquids that can be solidified thermally or by illumination as the shell layer, core–shell particles with gas, liquid, or solid cores can be surrounded with uniform coatings using the present method.
Engineering Microstructure with Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Microdroplets
Authors: Zhu Pingan , Kong Tiantian , Zhou Chunmei , Lei Leyan , Wang Liqiu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNatural systems have exceptional capabilities of constructing structures across multiple length scales for remarkable performances from limited choices of building blocks. However, simultaneous control over structures at both the macroscopic and microscopic length scales is restricted by the high requirements in the type and property of building blocks. Here, directed self‐assembly of microdroplets in an evaporating liquid is harnessed to fabricate large‐scale ordered films with precisely controlled microstructures. Evaporation‐induced variations in liquid confinement allow microdroplets to reassemble for large‐scale ordered patterns. Deformation of microdroplets into different shapes accurately defines multiple topographical structures at the microdroplet level. The fabrication process is facile and scalable, and works with various materials for manufacturing functional films with tunable properties. These results suggest a facile yet effective strategy for engineering microstructures by combining directed self‐assembly with manipulation of the property of building components for both structural fidelity and diversity.
Effect of hangekobokuto for amelioration of aggressiveness and social behavior in socially isolated mice
Authors: Harada Yoshinao , Yamaguchi Takuji , Hu Ailing , Otani Satoru , Han Cheolsun , Kurihara Yumiko , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Arai Hajime 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimHangekobokuto, a kampo medicine, is considered effective against anxiety neurosis, amnesia, insomnia, and neurotic gastritis. The mechanism of action and verification of effect, however, remain to be confirmed. The aim of this study was therefore to confirm the effect of hangekobokuto for amelioration of aggressiveness and social behavior in a mouse stress model.MethodsFour‐week‐old male ddY mice were socially stressed by isolated rearing for 4 weeks. The control group was reared in a social group. Hangekobokuto was then given orally in drinking water to the isolation‐reared mice at a dose of 0% (purified water), 0.25% and 0.5% for 2 weeks. The socially reared control group was not given any treatment. Aggressiveness and social behavior were evaluated. Blood samples were obtained after the test, and serum corticosterone and interleukin (IL)‐6 were measured. The prefrontal region of the brain and the brainstem region were enucleated, and serotonin, dopamine and IL‐6 were measured.ResultsHangekobokuto dose‐dependently controlled the aggressive behavior induced by isolation stress, and the effect disappeared on 5HT1A receptor antagonist treatment. Blood corticosterone, increased by isolation stress, decreased with hangekobokuto treatment. Serotonin and dopamine in the prefrontal region, decreased by isolation stress, increased with hangekobokuto treatment. IL‐6 in the brainstem, increased by isolation stress, decreased dose dependently on hangekobokuto treatment.ConclusionHangekobokuto ameliorates aggressiveness induced by anxiety caused by stress. Furthermore, the mechanism of effect involves the serotonin system.
Wound‐induced cell proliferation during animal regeneration
Authors: Ricci Lorenzo , Srivastava Mansi 
Published: May 2018

Many animal species are capable of replacing missing tissues that are lost upon injury or amputation through the process of regeneration. Although the extent of regeneration is variable across animals, that is, some animals can regenerate any missing cell type whereas some can only regenerate certain organs or tissues, regulated cell proliferation underlies the formation of new tissues in most systems. Notably, many species display an increase in proliferation within hours or days upon wounding. While different cell types proliferate in response to wounding in various animal taxa, comparative molecular data are beginning to point to shared wound‐induced mechanisms that regulate cell division during regeneration. Here, we synthesize current insights about early molecular pathways of regeneration from diverse model and emerging systems by considering these species in their evolutionary contexts. Despite the great diversity of mechanisms underlying injury‐induced cell proliferation across animals, and sometimes even in the same species, similar pathways for proliferation have been implicated in distantly related species (e.g., small diffusible molecules, signaling from apoptotic cells, growth factor signaling, mTOR and Hippo signaling, and Wnt and Bmp pathways). Studies that explicitly interrogate molecular and cellular regenerative mechanisms in understudied animal phyla will reveal the extent to which early pathways in the process of regeneration are conserved or independently evolved.This article is categorized under:
Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems
Integration of genomics and metabolomics for prioritization of rare disease variants: a 2018 literature review
Authors: Graham Emma , Lee Jessica , Price Magda , Tarailo‐Graovac Maja , Matthews Allison , Engelke Udo , Tang Jeffrey , Kluijtmans Leo A. J. , Wevers Ron A. , Wasserman Wyeth W. , van Karnebeek Clara D. M. , Mostafavi Sara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are amenable to treatment; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is imperative. Despite recent advances, the genetic basis of many metabolic phenotypes remains unknown. For discovery purposes, whole exome sequencing (WES) variant prioritization coupled with clinical and bioinformatics expertise is the primary method used to identify novel disease‐causing variants; however, causation is often difficult to establish due to the number of plausible variants. Integrated analysis of untargeted metabolomics (UM) and WES or whole genome sequencing (WGS) data is a promising systematic approach for identifying disease‐causing variants. In this review, we provide a literature‐based overview of UM methods utilizing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), and assess approaches to integrating WES/WGS and LC‐MS UM data for the discovery and prioritization of variants causing IEMs. To embed this integrated ‐omics approach in the clinic, expansion of gene‐metabolite annotations and metabolomic feature‐to‐metabolite mapping methods are needed.
Severe ichthyosis in MPDU1‐CDG
Authors: Thiel Christian , Wortmann Saskia , Riedhammer Korbinian , Alhaddad Bader , Mayatepek Ertan , Prokisch Holger , Distelmaier Felix 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) have a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. They can affect multiple organ systems, including skin and subcutaneous tissue. We report on an infant with severe ichthyosis caused by MPDU1 mutations. The case illustrates that skin manifestations are an important feature of CDG syndromes. Therefore, metabolic investigations should be included in the workup of infantile ichthyosis disorders.
Corporate Essence and Identity in Criminal Law
Authors: Diamantis Mihailis E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHow can we know whether we are punishing the same corporation that committed some past crime? Though central to corporate criminal justice, legal theorists and philosophers have yet to address the basic question of how corporate identity persists through time. Simple cases, where crime and punishment are close in time and the corporation has changed little, can mislead us into thinking an answer is always easy to come by. The issue becomes more complicated when corporate criminals undergo any number of transformations—rebranding, spinning-off a division, merging, changing ownership, changing management, swapping lines of business, etc. These changes are common among all corporations, including those trying to conceal or limit liability for past crimes. This article takes a first step toward developing a workable and philosophically satisfying theory of corporate personal identity and discusses its prospects for fulfilling the retributive, rehabilitative, and deterrent purposes of criminal law.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Isolated Redundant Foramen Ovale: A Case Report
Authors: Devadasan Shyama , Batra Meenu , Balakrishnan Bijoy , Sreeja P. S. , Patil Swapneel N. , Gopinathan K. K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRedundant foramen ovale (RFO) is defined as an abnormally redundant foramen ovale flap that extends at least halfway across the left atrium. The exact pathogenesis is unknown. Premature, isolated, in utero RFO is rare. The prevalence in general population is unknown as it may be easily ignored on routine fetal echocardiography. The reported frequency in fetuses referred for echocardiographic examination is 0.6–1.7%. It can cause right ventricular volume overload leading to fetal hydrops and subsequent cardiac failure. In such cases, prompt delivery depending on fetal gestational age may be instrumental for the survival of the neonate. 67% can develop cardiac arrhythmias which generally resolves at birth. The most common is premature atrial contractions though rarely, supraventricular tachycardia can also occur. RFO usually occurs in isolation but when associated with congenital heart disease, it carries a poor prognosis. Several series have reported redundant foramen ovale in echocardiographic and autopsy findings in children and adults but only few reports on the antenatal detection of isolated RFO has been described. We discuss two prenatal cases of isolated redundant foramen ovale diagnosed in the third trimester. They were followed up two weekly without development of any complications and delivered at term. After delivery, the infants had no history or symptoms of cardiac distress. Echocardiography showed a structurally normal heart. Hence, if there are no associated anomalies in a case of redundant foramen ovale, the prenatal management need not be altered.
Penile Wobble Effect: Proximal Corporal Deformities as a Cause of Penile Prosthesis Failure
Authors: Rajih Emad , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Penile structural defects can contribute toward penile prosthesis (PP) surgical complications and suboptimal outcomes. Despite modern improvements in techniques of inflatable PP (IPP) surgeries, suboptimal outcomes arise secondary to unrecognized proximal corporal abnormalities.

Aim
To describe a new observation of IPP failure (wobbly penis) secondary to proximal corporal deformities.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of the Johns Hopkins institutional database of patients who had IPP surgery from May 2006 to March 2017. All cases requiring surgical revisions secondary to proximal corporal deformities were identified. Exclusion criteria included patients who had incidentally discovered proximal corporal deformities intraoperatively or were documented preoperatively to have had a corporal defect.

Main Outcome Measures
Successful reimplantation of a functionally intact PP device.

Results
On clinical grounds, we identified 5 patients with properly cycling but unstable prosthetic devices that were associated with proximal corporal dilatation (proximally from the penoscrotal junction). All patients underwent reduction corporoplasty with prosthesis replacements consisting of controlled expansion IPPs. 3 patients had undergone previous device replacements because of intact cycling but unstable and unusable IPP devices, whereas 2 had a single previous device insertion. Mean age at revision was 67 years. Median IPP duration was 17 years. Median number of previous IPP surgeries was 3. All patients reported IPP stability and satisfaction after revision (median follow-up = 6 months).

Conclusions
Proximal corporal deformities could account for IPP failure. This condition can be under-recognized as observed in the present cases of multiple revisions with a normally cycling device that was not usable. Proper recognition of this problem allows the opportunity for surgical correction with reduction corporoplasty.