bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Incidence of Difficult Intubation between Obese and Nonobese Patients, and Comparison of Three Predictors of Difficult Intubation in Obese Patients
Authors: Mathew Johann 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Anticipating a difficult airway is of prime importance to an anesthesiologist. Data available are inconclusive to say that tracheal intubation is more difficult in the obese. The deficiency occurring with individual factors can be avoided by adopting multiple airway assessment factors. In this study, we aim to compare the incidence of difficult intubation between obese and nonobese patients and compare three predictors of difficult intubation.

Study design
Prospective observational study.

Materials and methods
About 250 patients were assigned to two groups, obese and nonobese based on their body mass index. Preoperatively, neck circumference (NC), mouth opening, thyromental distance (TMD), neck extension, NC/TM ratio, Mallampati classification (MPC), and Wilson score (WS) were calculated. Difficulty of intubation was assessed using the intubation difficulty scale (IDS). All tracheal intubations were performed by anesthetists with more than 2 years of experience.

Statistical analysis used
Data analysis was done with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15, MedCalc version 11, and Epi data software. Qualitative data are presented with the help of frequency and percentage table, and association among various study parameters is done with chi-square test.

Results
The incidence of difficult intubation determined by the IDS (≥5) was more frequent in the obese group (88.6% in obese vs 11.4% in nonobese). Of the three variables, WS was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.005). Neck circumference to thyromental ratio is a new predictor for difficult tracheal intubation (DTI). But an NC/TM ratio of ≥5 gives high false positive for our population.

How to cite this article
Mathew J, Gvalani SK. Comparison of Incidence of Difficult Intubation between Obese and Nonobese Patients, and Comparison of Three Predictors of Difficult Intubation in Obese Patients. Res Inno in Anesth 2016;1(2):41-44.
Comparison of Neuromuscular Blockade with Rocuronium in Young and Elderly Patients with or without Renal Failure
Authors: Pradeep L 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Context
The duration of neuromuscular block with rocuronium is affected by old age as well as renal impairment. It would be helpful for anesthetists to know the variation in the block in elderly patients with renal failure and the significance of neuromuscular monitoring in this group.

Aim
The aim of our study is to investigate the neuromuscular effects of 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium under general anesthesia in young adults and elderly patients with or without renal failure.

Study design
Prospective randomized controlled study.

Materials and methods
Young and elderly 100 patients were divided into 4 groups of 25 each, with or without renal failure. General anesthesia with propofol 2 mg kg intravenous (iv), fentanyl 2 μg kg iv, and 60% N2O in O2 were given. Neuromuscular monitoring was started immediately after the induction of anesthesia and before the administration of muscle relaxant. After the stabilization of control responses, 0.6 mg kg rocuronium was injected intravenously. The onset time, time to achieve maximum block, and the recovery times were noted.

Statistical analysis used
The statistical analysis of the data from the study was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Window Release 14.0. One-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni's, and chi-square test were used to compare patients’ characteristics.

Results
The duration of block as well as the recovery indices were significantly prolonged in the elderly compared to the young patients. Maximum prolongation was observed in the elderly group with renal failure. This underlines the importance of neuromuscular monitoring in these patients.

How to cite this article
Gvalani SK, Pradeep L. Comparison of Neuromuscular Blockade with Rocuronium in Young and Elderly Patients with or without Renal Failure. Res Inno in Anesth 2016;1(2):45-51.
Emergency Craniotomy for Extradural Hematoma Evacuation in a Known Case of von Willebrand Disease: Anesthetic Implications
Authors: Baldwa Namita Mahesh , Dave Sona , Gujjar Pinakin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the successful management of an emergency craniotomy performed for extradural hematoma (EDH) evacuation in a known case of von Willebrand disease (vWD).
The case presented a challenge because vWD is associated with extensive bleeding, which was compounded by the emergency nature and type of the surgery. Extensive laboratory investigations could not be carried out, and preoperative optimization was limited.

How to cite this article
Baldwa N, Dave S, Gujjar P. Emergency Craniotomy for Extradural Hematoma Evacuation in a Known Case of von Willebrand Disease: Anesthetic Implications. Res Inno in Anesth 2016;1(2):58-60.
Local air pollution from oil rig emissions observed during the airborne DACCIWA campaign
Authors: Brocchi Vanessa , Krysztofiak Gisèle , Deroubaix Adrien , Stratmann Greta , Sauer Daniel , Schlager Hans , Deetz Konrad , Dayma Guillaume , Robert Claude , Chevrier Stéphane , Catoire Valéry 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In the framework of the European DACCIWA
(Dynamics–Aerosol–Chemistry–Cloud Interactions in West Africa) project, the
airborne study APSOWA (Atmospheric Pollution from Shipping and Oil platforms
of West Africa) was conducted in July 2016 to study oil rig emissions off
the Gulf of Guinea. Two flights in the marine boundary layer were focused on
the floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel operating off
the coast of Ghana. Those flights present simultaneous sudden increases in
NO2 and aerosol concentrations. Unlike what can be found in flaring
emission inventories, no increase in SO2 was detected, and an increase
in CO is observed only during one of the two flights. Using FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle
dispersion model)
simulations with a regional NO2 satellite flaring inventory in forward-trajectory mode, our study reproduces the timing of the aircraft NO2
enhancements. Several sensitivity tests on the flux and the injection height
are also performed, leading to the conclusion that a lower NO2 flux
helps in better reproducing the measurements and that the modification of the
injection height does not impact the results of the
simulations significantly.
Le sublime de Burke. Transpositions : une assignation par la peinture française
Authors: Streicher Corinne 
Published: September 2019

C’est le passage d’une notion philosophique, celle du sublime dans l’espace anglais qui s’offre en perspective dans la peinture française. Lorsqu’il s’agit de la tentative de peindre le sublime c’est le peintre Joseph Vernet (1714-1789) qui élabore une visualité picturale, suivie par toute une école de paysagistes qui se détournent de l’organisation classique d’une belle Nature. Les peintures de paysage de tempête s’inscrivent en effet dans un esprit très différent qui renverse les rapports de pouvoir entre l’homme et la nature. La représentation du paysage chez Vernet est plus intense que ce qu’on trouve chez tous ses contemporains. Le paysage est réinventé, la lumière est sublimée, les ciels sont tourmentés et les mers sont déchaînées.
Le sublime peut être abordé par des images (les peintures) et dans le cadre d’un dialogue avec le texte de Burke (Recherches philosophiques sur l’origine de nos idées du sublime et du beau). Les mêmes variations accompagnent le peintre et le philosophe et nous renvoient à un souci de parler de plusieurs espaces culturels dans leur difficile transposition, à la fois par leur altérité, mais aussi par leur curieuse objectivation. Il s’agira ici d’analyser les écarts entre ce qui est représenté et ce qui est dit, en prenant comme fil conducteur l’analyse du motif de la tempête dans son croisement avec ce qui est aussi l’irreprésentable de la peinture si l’on se réfère à sa genèse avec le texte de Pline.
Phase transition and optical behavior of PVP–MBBA microfibers
Authors: Fatayati Rusliana , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Yusuf Yusril 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study discusses the fabrication and characterization of optically responsive microfibers with uniaxially ordered nematic liquid crystal molecules at their core. The liquid crystal microfibers were electrospun from a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA). A study of phase transition and optical behavior was performed using optical observation by polarized optical microscope, and intermolecular interaction was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The diameter, orientational order of the fibers and light intensity that passed through the fibers depended on the MBBA concentration during the electrospinning process. The nematic–isotropic temperature (T
NI) of PVP–MBBA microfibers shifted lower from the T
NI of MBBA. Meanwhile a reverse correlation between MBBA concentrations and phase transition was found in the isotropic phase; a significant increase in temperature rate and response time was occurred with small weightage of MBBA. FTIR measurement confirmed that the liquid crystal molecules were self-phase separated from the PVP chains in the fibers.
Risk assessment of FLT3 and PAX5 variants in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case–control study in a Pakistani cohort
Authors: Khalid Ammara , Aslam Sara , Ahmed Mehboob , Hasnain Shahida , Aslam Aimen 
Published: September 2019

AIMS
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is amongst the most prevalent cancers of children in Pakistan. Genetic variations in FLT3 are associated with auto-phosphorylation of kinase domain that leads to increased proliferation of blast cells. Paired box family of transcription factor (PAX5) plays a critical role in commitment and differentiation of B-cells. Variations in PAX5 are associated with the risk of B-ALL. We aimed to analyze the association of FLT3 and PAX5 polymorphisms with B cell leukemia in Pakistani cohort.

METHODS
We collected 155 B-ALL subject and 155 control blood samples. For analysis, genotyping was done by tetra ARMS-PCR. SPSS was used to check the association of demographic factors of SNPs present in the population with the risk of B-ALL.

RESULTS
Risk allele frequency A at locus 13q12.2 (rs35958982, FLT3) was conspicuous and showed positive association (OR = 2.30, CI [1.20–4.50], P = 0.005) but genotype frequency (OR = 3.67, CI [0.75–18.10], P = 0.088) failed to show any association with the disease. At locus 9p13.2 (rs3780135, PAX5), the risk allele frequency was significantly higher in B-ALL subjects than ancestral allele frequency (OR = 2.17, CI [1.37–3.43], P = 0.000). Genotype frequency analysis of rs3780135 polymorphism exhibited the protective effect (OR = 0.55, CI [0.72–1.83], P = 0.029). At locus 13q12.2 (rs12430881, FLT3), the minor allele frequency G (OR = 1.15, CI [1.37–3.43], P = 0.043) and genotype frequency (OR = 2.52, P = 0.006) reached significance as showed p < 0.05.

CONCLUSION
In the present study, a strong risk of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was associated with rs35958982 and rs12430881 polymorphisms. However, rs3780135 polymorphism showed the protective effect. Additionally, other demographic factors like family history, smoking and consanguinity were also found to be important in risk assessment. We anticipate that the information from genetic variations in this study can aid in therapeutic approach in the future.
Dual‐Sided Field Effect Passivation for Efficient and Stable Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskite Photodetector
Authors: Qiu Mingxuan , Li Wanjun , Luo Yong , Zhao Chuanxi , Zhao Zhijuan , Mai Wenjie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe nonradiative recombination presented at the quasi‐2D (Q‐2D) Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite surface/interface limits the overall performance of perovskite photoelectric devices. Here, a dual‐sided field effect passivation (FEP) strategy to reduce nonradiative recombination is reported. By inserting high/low work function dielectric layers between perovskite layer and hole/electron transport layers, the trap state density of perovskite layer is effectively reduced, resulting in a longer carrier lifetime. Besides, the carrier dynamics and the synergistic mechanism of chemical passivation (CP) and FEP are clarified in detail. The interfacial polarization caused by the work function difference between different layers prevents Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination loss of photogenerated electrons/holes and improves interfacial charge transport. Benefiting from it, the passivated photodetector performance has been improved effectively, achieving a dark current of 9.62 × 10−11 A, a linear dynamic range (LDR) width of 171.4 dB, and an ultra‐fast response time low to 430 ns, which are currently the highest reported detection indicators in the Q‐2D perovskite photodetectors. In addition, the dual‐sided field effect passivated intercalation inhibits perovskite decomposition and greatly improves the environmental stability. In future, exploring the synergistic effect of FEP and CP materials for perovskite films is one of the development directions for studying efficient and stable perovskite photoelectric devices.
Flexible and Multifunctional Skin Patch for Clinical Decision Support in Psychiatric Assessment
Authors: Kim Namyun , Lee Soo Hyun , Lee Yi Jae 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe recent advances in flexible and wearable electronics, along with ubiquitous biosensing technologies have enabled the continuous monitoring of health conditions outside of medical facilities. Health‐monitoring tools based on wearable sensors must be more user‐friendly, informative, and cost‐effective for daily applications owing to the increased prevalence of chronic diseases and mental illnesses. In this study, a flexible and multifunctional skin patch and a custom‐designed application for wirelessly monitoring the wearer's physical and mental health conditions are proposed. The optimized design and soft‐covering materials of the skin patch enable long‐term attachment to the body without causing discomfort or irritation to the wearer. Onboard processing of the signals enables real‐time monitoring and signal acquisition of multiple biomarkers, including the blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2), pulse rate (PR), pulse rate variability (PRV), perfusion index (PI), body movement, and temperature during daily activities. The photoplethysmography (PPG)‐based biomarkers acquired from various body sites are compared and calibrated to verify its performance. Demonstrated pilot trial shows the potential application of the skin patch for clinical decision support in psychiatric assessments that can be implemented as an assistive mental illness monitoring system for psychiatrists and researchers.
External validation of the sICOP score for early mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Hayashida Kei , Tagami Takashi , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Shime Nobuaki , Yamakawa Kazuma 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to externally validate the prognostic score for mechanically ventilated patients with novel coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), the simplified intubated COVID‐19 predictive (sICOP) score.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study conducted using the database registry of patients with moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 at 66 hospitals in Japan. The data of 146 mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients were analyzed.ResultsThe areas under the curve (AUC) of the sICOP score for predicting the 28‐day mortality and in‐hospital mortality were 0.81 (0.73–0.89) and 0.74 (0.65–0.83), respectively. The AUC of the score was statistically significantly higher than that of the SOFA score for 28‐day mortality and in‐hospital mortality (28‐day mortality; 0.82 [0.73–0.90] vs. 0.58 [0.46–0.70], p < 0.001, in‐hospital mortality; 0.75 [0.66–0.84] vs 0.55 [0.44–0.66], p < 0.001).ConclusionWe found that the sICOP score was useful for predicting the 28‐day mortality with excellent accuracy in mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients in the era prior to the widespread availability of vaccines and effective antivirals. Validation of the score would be needed by using data from recent waves.
Diastereoselective Polypseudorotaxane Formation with Planar Chiral Pillar[5]arenes via Co‐crystallization Processes
Authors: Yasuzawa Kiichi , Wada Keisuke , Fa Shixin , Nagata Yuuya , Kato Kenichi , Ohtani Shunsuke , Mizuno Motohiro , Ogoshi Tomoki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the number of chiral ring molecules in chiral polyrotaxane increases, the number of possible stereoisomers exponentially increases. Consequently, the selective synthesis of a specific stereoisomer becomes much more challenging. To address this problem, we co‐crystallized poly(ethylene glycol) and a diastereomeric ring molecule, pillar[5]arene, in the solid state. The co‐crystallization formed polypseudorotaxanes with a high diastereomeric excess (ca. 88 % de), meaning that polypseudorotaxanes containing (S, pS) stereoisomer pillar[5]arene rings were synthesized selectively. By contrast, in solution and evaporation systems, the selectivity remained low (ca. 10 % de). The results suggested that the packing effect by the co‐crystallization contributed to the denser assembly of ring molecules on the polymeric chain, resulting in the diastereoselective formation. High diastereoselectivity was also observed even in higher‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene glycol)s. These selectivities arose from the cooperative effects of the ring molecules on the polymeric chain, which were supported by calculating the stabilization energy.
Fault tolerance strategy of general nonlinear systems with actuator and sensor fault based on T‐S fuzzy model
Authors: Han Zhixing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a fault estimation (FE) and sliding mode fault tolerance strategy (SMFTS) scheme based on T‐S fuzzy model are proposed for a class of general nonlinear systems (GNS) that encounter actuator and sensor faults and disturbance. A coordinate transformation is introduced to convert sensor fault into actuator fault. Then, a fuzzy perturbation estimator is established to estimate the detailed fault and disturbance information. Then, a SMFTS scheme is proposed to minimize the damage caused by the faults. Finally, the simulation results show that the designed algorithm can correctly estimate the fault and ensure the system performance after the fault.
Cannabidiol effects in stem cells: A systematic review
Authors: Mesas Cristina , Moreno Javier , Doello Kevin , Peña Mercedes , López‐Romero Juan M. , Prados Jose , Melguizo Consolación 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStem cells play a critical role in human tissue regeneration and repair. In addition, cancer stem cells (CSCs), subpopulations of cancer cells sharing similar characteristics as normal stem cells, are responsible for tumor metastasis and resistance to chemo‐ and radiotherapy and to tumor relapse. Interestingly, all stem cells have cannabinoid receptors, such as cannabidiol (CBD), that perform biological functions. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of CBD on both somatic stem cells (SSCs) and CSCs. Of the 276 articles analyzed, 38 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 27 studied the effect of CBD on SSCs, finding that 44% focused on CBD differentiation effect and 56% on its protective activity. On the other hand, 11 articles looked at the effect of CBD on CSCs, including glioblastoma (64%), lung cancer (27%), and breast cancer (only one article). Our results showed that CBD exerted a differentiating and protective effect on SCCs. In addition, this molecule demonstrated an antiproliferative effect on some CSCs, although most of the analyses were performed in vitro. Therefore, although in vivo studies should be necessary to justify its clinical use, CBD and its receptors could be a specific target to act on both SSCs and CSCs.
A Competition‐Based Strategy for the Isolation of an Anti‐Idiotypic Blocking Module and Fine‐Tuning for Conditional Activation of a Therapeutic Antibody
Authors: Habermann Jan , Happel Dominic , Bloch Adrian , Shin Charles , Kolmar Harald 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe masking of therapeutic antibodies by the installation of a blocking module that can be removed under certain physiological conditions, is becoming increasingly important to improve their safety and toxicity profile. To gain access to such masking units, we used chicken immunization in combination with yeast surface display and a competition‐based FACS screening campaign to obtain anti‐idiotypic single‐chain Fv (scFv) fragments. This approach promotes the identification of functional masking units, since specificity and high affinity do not necessarily guarantee a paratope blocking effect. This strategy was used to isolate a scFv masking unit for the therapeutic antibody 6G11 (BI‐1206), which is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of B‐cell lymphoma to block the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (CD32b). N‐terminal fusion of the anti‐idiotypic scFv to the 6G11 light chain successfully abolished binding to FcγRIIB in vitro. For conditional activation, a cleavable linker for the tumor‐associated protease MMP‐9 was implemented. To improve demasking efficiency, the affinity of the scFv mask was attenuated through rational design. The substitution of one key amino acid in the masking scFv reduced the affinity toward the 6G11 paratope by factor 10 but still mediated 9800‐fold blocking of receptor binding. Proteolytic demasking allowed full recovery of therapeutic antibody function in vitro, supporting the concept of conditional antibody activation using this anti‐idiotypic binding module.
Nickel/Photoredox Catalyzed Aryl‐Alkyl Cross‐Coupling with Alkyl Boronic Esters as Radical Precursors
Authors: Gao Li , Xin Yi‐Xuan , Lv Peizhuo , Xie Xin , Jiang Yuan‐Ye , Liu Yuanhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNickel/photoredox dual catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl halides with alkylboron compounds is one of the effective methodologies for the construction of C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds. Although elegant results have been achieved by using alkyl trifluoroborates as alkyl radical precursors, the generation of alkyl radicals from readily available alkyl boronic esters is still limited due to their high oxidation potential. We disclosed here that activation of alkyl boronic esters by MeOLi is highly efficient for the generation of alkyl radicals under photocatalysis conditions. The reaction featured with a wide substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and late‐stage modification of bioactive substances. In addition, the method was also successfully extended to alkyl boronic acids. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicated that the cross‐coupling likely proceeds via a Ni(I)‐catalyzed pathway.