bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipole Anisotropy as an Essential Qualifier for the Monopole Component of the Cosmic-dawn Spectral Signature, and the Potential of Diurnal Pattern for Foreground Estimation
Authors: Deshpande Avinash A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
While the importance of detecting the global spectral signatures of the redshifted 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen from the very early epochs cannot be overstated, the associated challenges are not limited to isolating the weak signal of interest from the orders of magnitude brighter foregrounds, and extend equally to reliably establishing the origin of the apparent global signal to the very early epochs. This Letter proposes a critical dipole test that the measurements of the monopole component of the spectrum of interest should necessarily pass. Our criterion is based on a unique correspondence between the intrinsic monopole spectrum and the differential spectrum as an imprint of dipole anisotropy (DA) resulting from the motion of observer with respect to the rest frame of our source (such as that of our solar system, interpreted from the DA in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR)). More importantly, the spectral manifestation of the DA gets amplified by a significant factor, depending on the monopole spectral slopes, rendering it feasible to measure. We describe the details of such a test, and illustrate its application with the help of simulations. The Letter also alludes to a novel model-independent path toward isolating the foreground contribution, using the diurnal pattern readily apparent in drift-scan observations. Such a dipole qualifier for the monopole spectrum, when combined with reliable foreground estimation, is expected to pave way for in situ validation of spectral signatures from early epochs, which are important to presently reported and future detections of Epoch of Reionization (EoR) signal.
Redshift Evolution of the Black Hole Merger Rate from Globular Clusters
Authors: Rodriguez Carl L. , Loeb Abraham 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
As the sensitivity of current and future gravitational-wave detectors improves, it will become possible to measure the evolution of the binary black hole merger rate with redshift. Here, we combine detailed fits to state-of-the-art dynamical models of binary black hole formation in dense star clusters with a cosmological model of cluster formation across cosmic time. We find a typical merger rate of 14 Gpc−3 yr−1 in the local universe, with a reasonable range of 4–18 Gpc−3 yr−1, depending on the rate of cluster disruption and the cluster initial mass function. This rate increases by a factor of 6 to redshift z = 2.7 before declining at higher redshifts. We compare the merger rate from binaries produced in clusters to similar estimates from isolated binaries and triples in galactic fields, and discuss various ways that these different formation channels could add up to the current merger rate observed by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory/Virgo.
Emission Line Ratios for the Circumgalactic Medium and the “Bimodal” Nature of Galaxies
Authors: Zhang 张 Huanian 华年 , Zaritsky Dennis , Werk Jessica , Behroozi Peter 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We find significantly different diagnostic emission line ratios for the circumgalactic gas associated with galaxies of stellar masses above and below 1010.4
M
⊙ using Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopy. Specifically, in a sample of 17,393 galaxies, intersected by 18,535 lines of sight at projected radii between 10 and 50 kpc, we stack measured fluxes for nebular strong emission lines, [O iii] λ5007, Hα, and [N ii] λ6583, and find that the gas surrounding the lower-mass galaxies exhibits similar line ratios to those of gas ionized by star formation and that surrounding the higher-mass galaxies similar to those of gas ionized by active galactic nucleus or shocks. This finding highlights yet another characteristic of galaxies that is distinctly different above and below this stellar mass threshold, but one that is more closely connected to the gas accretion behavior hypothesized to be responsible for this dichotomy.
ALMA Resolves the Stellar Birth Explosion in Distant Quasar 3C298
Authors: Barthel P. D. , Versteeg M. J. F. , Podigachoski P. , Haas M. , Wilkes B. J. , Breuck C. de , Djorgovski S. G. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Galaxies are believed to experience star formation and black-hole-driven nuclear activity symbiotically. The symbiosis may be more extreme in the distant universe, as far-infrared photometry with the Herschel Space Observatory has found many cases of ultraluminous cool dust emission in z > 1 radio galaxies and quasars, which could have its origin in the central black hole activity, or in extreme starbursts. We here present strong evidence for an extreme circumnuclear starburst in the z = 1.439 quasar 3C298. Our unparalleled 0.18 arcsec resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) image at rest-frame 410 μm wavelength shows that the ∼40 K dust in its host galaxy resides in an asymmetric circumnuclear structure. The morphology of this structure implies a starburst origin and a symbiotic physical relation with the active-galactic-nucleus-driven radio source. The symbiosis is likely to be a general property of distant massive galaxies.
Les laïcs dans l’Église aujourd’hui : Benoît ou François ?
Authors: Forestier Luc , Waymel Dominique 
Published: October 2018

La publication en 2016 d’une importante lettre adressée au cardinal Marc Ouellet, en sa qualité de Président de la Commission pontificale pour l’Amérique latine, a relancé le débat à propos de la place des laïcs dans la vie de l’Église. Certains commentateurs ont cherché à opposer Benoît xvi et François. En réalité, contre tout risque de « cléricalisme », les deux papes valorisent fortement l’initiative des laïcs. Toutefois, une nuance entre les deux papes se manifeste sur la question de la synodalité et du rapport au monde, ce qui peut s’illustrer par les insistances de François en Europe.
« Li ville est mal gouvernee »
Authors: Van Camp Valeria , Haemers Jelle 
Published: October 2018

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le plaidoyer des historiens pour écrire « une histoire sociale » des archives. Elle se focalise sur une requête composée par les habitants de la ville de Mons (en Hainaut) en 1424 dans laquelle ils proposent de modifier la gestion de la ville. Une analyse détaillée de cette requête et des registres du conseil montois dans lesquelles ce document remarquable était copié, montre que si les registres sont certes des sources intéressantes pour documenter l’histoire des élites urbaines – ils sont d’ailleurs fréquemment étudiés dans cette optique par les historiens – ils peuvent également l’être pour documenter l’histoire des citadins. Il arrive en effet que ces registres dévoilent des aspects méconnus de l’histoire sociale de la politique médiévale et son rapport avec les documents administratifs : les idées politiques de « li peuple » et l’impact potentiel de la population sur la gestion urbaine. En effet, cette étude explique que la poussée populaire de 1424 n’a pas changé le paysage documentaire de la ville, mais l’installation d’un nouveau conseil autour de l’événement de l’audition des comptes urbains quelques années après montre que le rapport politique avec ces documents était modifié.
La connaissance humaine du Christ
Authors: Roy Louis 
Published: October 2018

Après avoir présenté trois principes fondamentaux en christologie, nous appliquerons à la connaissance humaine du Christ la déclaration du concile de Chalcédoine selon laquelle ses deux natures, divine et humaine, ne doivent être ni confondues ni séparées. Nous considérerons l’apport de divers exégètes et théologiens comme Balthasar, Rahner et Pannenberg, et nous offrirons une reprise critique de la position de Thomas d’Aquin, en modifiant sa compréhension des trois genres de connaissance qu’il distingue en Jésus : vision béatifique, connaissance infuse et connaissance acquise.
Epidemiology of Injuries Requiring Emergency Transport Among Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes
Authors: Hirschhorn Rebecca M. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Wasserman Erin B. , Kay Melissa C. , Clifton Daniel R. , Dompier Thomas P. , Yeargin Susan W. 
Published: October 2018

Context: Data regarding the epidemiology of emergency-transport incidents (ETIs) of patients with sport-related injuries are lacking. Understanding the use of emergency services by athletic trainers can help improve emergency preparedness and prehospital care for injured student-athletes.Objective: To determine the frequencies and types of ETIs resulting from athletic participation.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Participating colleges and high schools during 2009–2010 to 2014–2015 and 2011–2012 to 2013–2014, respectively.Patients or Other Participants: Student-athletes in 23 high school and 25 intercollegiate sports.Main Outcome Measure(s): Data on injuries requiring emergency transport were collected by each team's athletic trainer via their respective online injury-tracking software. Athletic trainers also collected data on athlete-exposures (AEs). Emergency-transport incident frequencies and injury rates per 10 000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. For each ETI, the sport, body part, injury mechanism, and final diagnosis were recorded.Results: A total of 339 and 146 ETIs were reported in collegiate and high school players, respectively. Collegiate women's ice hockey had the highest ETI rate (1.28/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 0.71, 1.86). In high school, football had the highest rate at 0.80 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI = 0.64, 0.97). Athletes with head or face injuries required the most transports in college (n = 71, 20.9%) and high school (n = 33, 22.6%) across all sports. Strains (n = 50, 14.7%) and fractures (n = 35, 24.0%) were the leading diagnoses for patients undergoing transport in college and high school, respectively.Conclusions: Athletic trainers should maintain a high level of emergency preparedness when working with sports that have high rates and numbers of ETIs. Athletes with injuries to the head/face required the most frequent transport across competition levels. Athletic trainers should have the appropriate equipment and protocols in place to handle these patients. Future researchers should examine the differences between field and hospital diagnoses to help improve prehospital care and decrease the likelihood of unnecessary emergency transports.
Infectious diseases in the era of refugees: Hepatitis A outbreak in Lebanon
Authors: Bizri Abdul Rahman , Fares Jawad , Musharrafieh Umayya 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background: The Syrian crisis has altered the epidemiology of infectious diseases in countries hosting large numbers of refugees. Lebanon witnessed several outbreaks linked to the presence of significant numbers of Syrian refugees, namely, Hepatitis A virus (HAV). We explore the epidemiology of HAV in Lebanon and the impact of the Syrian war during the 2014 outbreak and suggest solutions to prevent and minimize the HAV spread amid the current socioeconomic conditions. Methods: We reviewed all HAV cases reported to the Epidemiologic Surveillance Unit at the Ministry of Public Health between January 2001 and December 2017. Demographics and distribution of Syrian refugees in Lebanon were linked to reports of new HAV cases. Results: A sharp rise in the number of reported HAV cases was observed in Lebanon in 2013, concurrent with the Syrian crisis and influx of refugees. Most cases reported in 2013 and 2014 involved Syrian refugees and their relevant areas of settlement in the Beqaa and North governorates. Conclusion: The influx of refugees strained overburdened sanitary infrastructure and overstretched existing public health services in Lebanon, which led to an increase in the incidence of reported HAV cases. The Lebanese health authorities and the international community need to intensify their efforts in surveillance and prevention of communicable diseases. Providing proper sanitation and free vaccination for affected communities are effective solutions to contain the HAV outbreak. Yet, financial constraints and the need to prioritize in the health budget put HAV-immunization at a lower priority. The Lebanese scenario could be reflective to other countries hosting sizeable numbers of refugees.
Una visión real de la situación de la educación en El Salvador
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo 
Published: October 2018

La educación es el pilar fundamental de todas las sociedades. El progreso humano ha dependido siempre del desarrollo educativo; y la cultura, que no es otra cosa sino la historia reflejada en los propios actos de los hombres, se asienta en los valores y en los principios, así como en los conocimientos con que dichas culturas se han enriquecido. Es importante, pues, hablar de educación, preocuparse por la educación, pero ello, para que sea positivo y productivo, exige que el discurso y la preocupación se hagan con sanidad de conciencia, lealmente, honestamente, rigurosamente también, lo que significa evitar definitivamente la falsedad y el engaño. Desde estas premisas intento este pequeño aporte a entorno. Espero que el lector, de quien aprecio anticipadamente el que se ocupe de aquel, así lo crea y entienda. Entorno, abril 2014, número 55: 7-21
Book Review: Music Description and Access: Solving the Puzzle of Cataloging
Authors: Freeborn Robert 
Published: October 2018

In 2013 the rules for solving the puzzle changed with the implementation of Resource Description and Access (RDA), bringing new opportunities for providing improved access to information. As with any major change, people need assistance in understanding and incorporating new rules. This can be especially true when dealing with special formats, like printed or recorded music, where the basic rules do not always seem pertinent to the “puzzle” before you. This brings us the aptly titled new book Music Description and Access: Solving the Puzzle of Cataloging by Dr. Jean Harden. Harden is a long-time practitioner and educator in the field of music cataloging, and has been recognized nationally for her contributions to the profession. In her latest work, Harden attempts to solve the cataloging puzzle.
Book Review: Licensing Digital Content: A Practical Guide for Librarians, Third Edition
Authors: Wood Nicole 
Published: October 2018

Who can use the content that a library licenses? What are e-rights? Can licensed digital content be distributed through interlibrary loan? The digital revolution has altered how libraries acquire and distribute content to patrons. Gone are the days in which libraries primarily purchased and owned physical materials. In the internet era, content can be temporarily leased electronically, which has led to unexpected legal issues for librarians and other non-lawyers to navigate (1). In Licensing Digital Content: A Practical Guide for Librarians, Harris provides a plain-language crash course in digital licensing intended to give inexperienced librarians the skills necessary to negotiate a digital license. The guide provides readers with a detailed description of the licensing experience from the development of a licensing needs assessment to the negotiation of the final agreement.
FORESEE: a tool for the systematic comparison of translational drug response modeling pipelines
Authors: Turnhoff Lisa-Katrin , Hadizadeh Esfahani Ali , Montazeri Maryam , Kusch Nina , Schuppert Andreas 
Published: October 2018

Translational models that utilize omics data generated in in vitro studies to predict the drug efficacy of anti-cancer compounds in patients are highly distinct, which complicates the benchmarking process for new computational approaches. In reaction to this, we introduce the uniFied translatiOnal dRug rESponsE prEdiction platform FORESEE, an open-source R-package. FORESEE not only provides a uniform data format for public cell line and patient data sets, but also establishes a standardized environment for drug response prediction pipelines, incorporating various state-of-the-art preprocessing methods, model training algorithms and validation techniques. The modular implementation of individual elements of the pipeline facilitates a straightforward development of combinatorial models, which can be used to re-evaluate and improve already existing pipelines as well as to develop new ones.
Availability and Implementation: FORESEE is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0 and available at https://github.com/JRC-COMBINE/FORESEE .
Supplementary Information: Supplementary Files 1 and 2 provide detailed descriptions of the pipeline and the data preparation process, while Supplementary File 3 presents basic use cases of the package.
Contact: schuppert@combine.rwth-aachen.de
Circuit complexity for coherent states
Authors: Guo Minyong , Hernandez Juan , Myers Robert C. , Ruan Shan-Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe examine the circuit complexity of coherent states in a free scalar field theory, applying Nielsen’s geometric approach as in [1]. The complexity of the coherent states have the same UV divergences as the vacuum state complexity and so we consider the finite increase of the complexity of these states over the vacuum state. One observation is that generally, the optimal circuits introduce entanglement between the normal modes at intermediate stages even though our reference state and target states are not entangled in this basis. We also compare our results from Nielsen’s approach with those found using the Fubini-Study method of [2]. For general coherent states, we find that the complexities, as well as the optimal circuits, derived from these two approaches, are different.
GPU-accelerated steady-state computation of large probabilistic Boolean networks
Authors: Mizera Andrzej , Pang Jun , Yuan Qixia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Computation of steady-state probabilities is an important aspect of analysing biological systems modelled as probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs). For small PBNs, efficient numerical methods to compute steady-state probabilities of PBNs exist, based on the Markov chain state-transition matrix. However, for large PBNs, numerical methods suffer from the state-space explosion problem since the state-space size is exponential in the number of nodes in a PBN. In fact, the use of statistical methods and Monte Carlo methods remain the only feasible approach to address the problem for large PBNs. Such methods usually rely on long simulations of a PBN. Since slow simulation can impede the analysis, the efficiency of the simulation procedure becomes critical. Intuitively, parallelising the simulation process is the ideal way to accelerate the computation. Recent developments of general purpose graphics processing units (GPUs) provide possibilities to massively parallelise the simulation process. In this work, we propose a
trajectory-level parallelisation framework
to accelerate the computation of steady-state probabilities in large PBNs with the use of GPUs. To maximise the computation efficiency on a GPU, we develop a dynamical data arrangement mechanism for handling different size PBNs with a GPU. Specially, we propose a
reorder-and-split
method to handle both large and dense PBNs. Besides, we develop a specific way of storing predictor functions of a PBN and the state of the PBN in the GPU memory. Moreover, we introduce a strongly connected component (SCC)-based network reduction technique to further accelerate the computation speed. Experimental results show that our GPU-based parallelisation gains approximately a 600-fold speedup for a real-life PBN compared to the state-of-the-art sequential method.
Results of Duodenopancreatic Reoperations in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Albers Max B. , Manoharan Jerena , Bollmann Carmen , Chlosta Maximilian P. , Holzer Katharina , Bartsch Detlef K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the outcome of duodenopancreatic reoperations in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).MethodsMEN1 patients who underwent reoperations for duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (dpNENs) were retrieved from a prospective database and retrospectively analyzed.ResultsTwelve of 101 MEN1 patients underwent up to three reoperations, resulting in a total of 18 reoperations for dpNEN recurrence. Patients initially underwent either formal pancreatic resections (n = 7), enucleations (n = 3), or duodenotomy with lymphadenectomy for either NF‐pNEN (seven patients), Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES, three patients), organic hyperinsulinism (one patient) or VIPoma (one patient). Six patients had malignant dpNENs with lymph node (n = 5) and/or liver metastases (n = 2). The indication of reoperations was NF‐pNEN (five patients), ZES (five patients), organic hyperinsulinism (one patient), and recurrent VIPoma (one patient). Median time to first reoperation was 67.5 (range 6–251) months. Five patients required a second duodenopancreatic reoperation for 60–384 months after initial surgery, and one patient underwent a third reoperation after 249 months. The rate of complications (Clavien–Dindo ≥3) was 28%. Four patients required completion pancreatectomy. Six patients developed pancreoprivic diabetes. After a median follow‐up of 18 (6–34) years after initial surgery, ten of 12 patients are alive, one died of metastatic pancreatic VIPoma, and one died of metastatic thymic NEN.ConclusionReoperations are frequently necessary for dpNEN in MEN1 patients, but are not associated with an increased perioperative morbidity in specialized centers. Organ‐sparing resections should be preferred as initial duodenopancreatic procedures to maintain pancreatic function and avoid completion pancreatectomy.
The Role of the Family in Preventing the Transformation of Western Youngsters
into Jihadi Fighters
Authors: Barna Cristian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mother–child relationship is essential in the development of a healthy child, who can
grow up trusting his/her own perceptions and understanding of the social environment.
Teenagers naturally experience a period of transition in search of their own identity as
individuals, thus being really exposed and vulnerable to being recruited by jihadists. In
this particular stage of development, the teenager tries to free himself/herself from the
tutorship of the family and looks to experience something new outside the family frame. One
of the defining characteristics of this stage is a tendency to take things to an extreme and
to see things in black and white, while emotions are experienced as very intense,
overwhelming and sometimes difficult to control. Teenagers are easy to impress, convince and
manipulate, especially by their social milieu outside the family of origin. In the cases
when the relationship with the family of origin becomes tensed – whether the child has been
neglected or spoiled during childhood, or when there are tensions between parents or the
family is conflicting – the teenager looks for validation outside the family environment.
Any opportunity to do something out of the ordinary and apparently easy to accomplish might
seem attractive for this category of individuals, especially for those that do not enjoy
family support. The illusion of becoming famous or the attraction of glamour might seem
desirable at this age. This is one of the main reasons why Jihad has had
such a significant impact on Western converts to Islam. Therefore, the aim of this study is
to provide an analysis of the case of Boicea Luigi Constantin (Umar al Rumaani), a Romanian
that adhered to the extremist ideology of the Islamic State, who does not come from a Muslim
family, yet underwent a fast self-radicalization process. In order to better understand
Boicea’s case, we will try to present the result of the investigation conducted on the
family environment, his interests manifested at an early age, and the tragic events that
contributed to his radicalization; in other words, we will try to present the general
context in which self-radicalization occurred.