bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pomoc publiczna na szkolenia pracowników a konkurencyjność gospodarki Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Podsiadło Piotr 
Published: April 2019

The paper discusses guidelines for implementation of art. 107-109 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, from the point of view of state aid for training. Training usually generates positive externalities for society as a whole, since it increases the pool of skilled workers from which other firms may draw, improves the competitiveness of the EU industry and plays an important role in the EU employment strategy. Statistical analysis was carried out on state aid granted by the EU Member States in the period 2001-2014 - from the perspective of its impact on competitiveness of these countries. This should lead to verification of thesis that the amount of state aid granted by the EU Member States for training, should positively correlate with the size of the GDP per capita of these countries
Stress at Work: Its Impact on Sustainable Growth
Authors: Pawełczyk-Cnudde Beata 
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to show the importance of stress at work for the economy. Stress, which until recently was considered mainly in psychological or social terms, has a direct impact on human capital and labour, which are the basic factors of economic growth (as well as natural resources, technology, physical and financial capitals). The quality and quantity of human capital directly affects the growth of the economy. An increase in investment in human capital can improve the quality of the labour force, hence its productivity. On the other hand, factors that limit economic growth include: poor health and low level of education. People who do not have access to healthcare or education have lower levels of productivity. The economy, therefore, does not fulfil its potential productivity or growth. Stress negatively contributes to changes of these factors. It has become one of the main causes of disability and inability to work in recent years.The first part describes the overall situation in which stress has become an issue for companies and the economy. In the second part I present the different research findings that demonstrate how the meaning and importance of work, and workplace conditions, have evolved. I refer, as well, to quantitative findings proving that companies should invest in preventing stress at work as excessive stress affects performance and productivity. The third part briefly portrays the example of Belgium, where the problem of stress and its economic consequences have been quite thoroughly investigated. The costs of excessive stress were regarded as undue, and as a result, Belgium adopted a law protecting employees against stress and burnout at work. Under this law, employers are obliged to introduce specific internal rules and preventative measures. Based on the Belgian experience, I provide several arguments demonstrating that improving the workplace by mitigating stress levels is beneficial not only for a company itself but for the economy in general. It impacts positively human capital, employability, leads to improved productivity, and in the end, contributes to sustainable economic growth. At the end of the paper, in an annex, I present a case illustrating the problem of excessive stress at work. It is an example of the great pressure and stress imposed on employees during the time of the ongoing business changes in one of the financial companies based in Brussels. The purpose of this article, however, is not to exhaust the topic of the impact of stress on economy, but rather to induce discussion on the magnitude and importance of this problem.
Partnerstwo lokalne w ekonomii społecznej jako nowy paradygmat budowania spójności społecznej ​
Authors: Łojko Majka 
Published: April 2019

The social economy has been trying to recognize its partnering role by the public and business sectors over recent years. The results are visible in the increasing use of its instruments in policy implemented by both the government and the regional authorities. The essence of local partnership is one of the key issues inherent in the new paradigm of building social cohesion and is a tool for a new economic and social order. The task of local partnership, understood as a kind of relationship between public entities, business and non-governmental organizations based on the principles of dialogue, reciprocity and equivalence, is to combine knowledge, experience and initiatives of various people and institutions in solving social problems.
Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne dochodów własnych budżetów gmin w Polsce w latach 2007–2015​
Authors: Jarosiński Krzysztof 
Published: April 2019

The experience of systemic transformation in Poland and the progressing socio-economic development prove that the importance of organizational units classified conventionally as a part of the public sector has increased significantly. It turned out that during rapid economic and social changes, the development of technical and social infrastructure became one of the drivers of development. In the conditions of the market economy in Poland, two important areas related to the functioning of the public sector have come to the fore: quantification of objectives and tasks necessary for the proper functioning of the state and society and ensuring efficient sources of financing these tasks. In this paper the aim of the research was to analyse and assess the financial situation of municipal territorial self-government units in Poland in 2007–2015. The research results clearly indicate the existence of differences in the level of budget revenues between differentiated territorial self-government units in the years 2007–2015. In that time the budget revenues of communes increased and significant positive changes in the budgetary situation of municipal local government units took place, in almost all regions these incomes doubled. This increase was accompanied by persistence of disproportions between less developed regions and regions that were economically and socially developing faster. In the discussed period, we had to deal with the improvement of the income situation of the budgets of local government units, with the simultaneous increase in the differences in the level of income with all the consequences associated with this for future development.
Water precipitation and diffusion in wet quartz and wet berlinite AIPO4
Authors: Cordier Patrick , Boulogne Bruno , Doukhan Jean-Claude 
Published: April 2019

Annealing wet crystals of quartz and berlinite AlPO4 induces water precipitation. The evolution of precipitation has been studied by transmission electron microscopy on samples annealed in various conditions of temperature, pressure and duration. At the beginning one observes unresolved small contrast features, then tiny bubbles connected to sessile dislocation loops become visible. These dislocations are nucleated to relax the fluid pressure in the bubbles. To minimize the corresponding nucleation energy a partial dislocation loop is first nucleated, then a second partial with a complementary Burgers vector rapidly grows in the same plane and joins the first one. By measuring the mean distance X between precipitates for various annealing conditions one deduces the diffusion coefficient D of the water point defects with the help of the relation X/2 = (2D.t)1/2 where t is the duration of the annealing. One finds in the temperature range (350-1000 °C) for quartz
D(m2s-1) = 10-12 exp (—95 kJ mole-1/RT).
There is no visible effect of the confining pressure, at least between atmospheric pressure and 700 MPa. The α-β transition slightly affects the D values between 500 and 600 °C but except for this temperature range all the other experimental data fit well the above equation.
Two theoretical models of water precipitation are developed. They are based on two contrasted hypotheses about the initial mode of water incorporation. In the first case all the water content is assumed to be initially dissolved as a highly supersaturated concentration of substitutional (4H)Si point defects. Water precipitation would thus occur by homogeneous nucleation of critical embryos, this first stage being followed by a stage of growth while new critical embryos would be continuously nucleated. In contrast, in the second case one assumes that the concentration of point defects is initially the equilibrium concentration at the growth conditions which is very low. Almost all the water would thus be incorporated as tiny clusters of water molecules too small to be detected and precipitation would occur by intercluster diffusion, the bigger clusters growing at the expense of the smaller ones which would progressively redissolve. In fact none of these models fully renders account of the experimental results. These results can only be interpreted by an intermediate situation. Water is incorporated during growth as tiny clusters and as a supersaturated concentration of point defects as well. In the quartz studied extensively in this article this concentration of point defects becomes approximately equal to the equilibrium one only at P ⋍ 700 MPa, T ⋍ 550 °C.
Electron paramagnetic resonance of a new Fe3+ centre in cassiterite
Authors: Ruck Régine , Dusausoy Yves , Gaite Jean-Marie 
Published: April 2019

The EPR study of cassiterites of different origin reveals a new Fe3+ paramagnetic centre, present only in cassiterites rich in iron and tantalum. The X-band measurement of a single crystal has allowed to determine the second order constants of the fine structure of the spin-Hamiltonian : B2 = 0.186 ± 0.001 cm-1, B5 = 0. 116 ± 0.001 cm-1. The centre has the D2h Laue symmetry of the tin site. So, Fe3+ substitutes for Sn4+. Charge compensation is achieved locally by the mechanism :
2 Sn4+ → Fe3+ + Ta5+
This new centre named Sd3 has nearly the same characteristics as the Sd2 centre due to Fe3+ associated with Nb5+.
Zeolitization of a basaltic flow in a continental environment : an example of mass transfer under thermal control
Authors: Robert Christian , Goffé Bruno , Saliot Pierre 
Published: April 2019

The zeolitization of basanite lava flows in the Plateau des Coirons, Ardèche, France, is controlled by the initial location of the flows in paleorivers and by the thermal evolution of the flows during cooling. It predates the development of a well-defined columnar jointing. The zeolites (phillipsite and chabazite) are associated with ferro-magnesian or aluminous smectites (and sometimes carbonates) and crystallize in basalt vesicles and veinlets, showing chemical variations between the top and the deeply altered base of the flow. Their distribution is accounted for by hydrothermal mass transfer driven by the temperature variations within the flow during cooling :
— The centre of the flow is at first hotter than the base. Ferro-magnesian smectites crystallize in the median part and aluminous smectites crystallize at the base of the flow.
— Then, the base of the flow becomes the hotter zone. Phillipsite crystallizes in the median part and ferro-magnesian smectites in the lower part of the flow.
— The end of cooling leads to a more general development of phillipsite and chabazite crystallization at the base.
Géochronologie U-Pb et leucogranites varisques : cas des massifs de Grandrieu (Lozère) et de la Porcherie (Limousin), Massif Central français
Authors: Lafon Jean-Michel , Respaut Jean-Patrick 
Published: April 2019

U-Pb systematics is applied to the study of two leucogranites from the French Massif Central : the "La Porcherie" leucogranite which cross cuts major Variscan thrusts in the Saint-Germain-les-Belles area (Limousin), and the "Grandrieu" leucogranite which is associated with the Margeride calc-alkaline granite (Lozère). It is shown that :
1) The U-Pb system of zircon is unsuitable for the dating of the emplacement. For "La Porcherie" leucogranite, the zircons contain xenocryst core with euhedral overgrowths ; this old inherited component seems to be characteristic for leucogranites associated with major shear zones (Galicia, South Brittany). Such a feature is absent in the "Grandrieu" leucogranite.
2) Monazites appear to be a good tool for the geochemical and geochronological studies of leucogranites. U-Pb data for these monazites yield sub-concordant ages interpreted as emplacement ages : 317 ± 3 Ma for "La Porcherie" leucogranite, 305 ± 4 Ma for "Grandrieu" leucogranite.
Визначення активності меридіанів тіла під час виконання статичної вправи
Authors: Musiyenko O.V. , Matsola N.P. , Mykhats L.V. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: визначення засобами акупунктурної діагностики за методикою Й. Накатані вплив виконання фізичних вправ на організм на прикладі статичної вправи, яка виконується подібно до Падмасани (поза Лотоса з Хатха-Йоги). Матеріал і методи. Обстежено десять студенток ДДПУ ім. І. Франка 18-20 років, які володіли досконалою технікою виконання обраної статичної вправи. Для визначення активності меридіанів тіла застосовувалась методика Ryodoraku за В. Накатані. Вимірювали електричний струм в репрезентативних біологічно активних точках дванадцяти головних меридіанів: легенів (Р), перикарда (МС), серця (С), лімфатичної та імунної систем (TR), тонкого (IG) і товстого (GI) кишківників, селезінки та підшлункової залози (RP), печінки (F), нирок (R), сечового (V) і жовчного (VB) міхурів та шлунка (E) з метою визначення можливості вивчення впливу фізичних вправ на організм методами акупунктурної діагностики. Вимірювання поводили до виконання вправи, під час та після виконання вправи через 6 хвилин. Результати. Виявлено достовірні зміни показників електричної активності у репрезентативних точках меридіанів тіла людини при виконанні обраної статичної вправи. Встановлено підвищення електричної активності у меридіанах тіла людини, які, за даними літератури, відповідають за функції тонкого і товстого кишечнику, підшлункової залози, селезінки, печінки, жовчного міхура, статевих залоз, нирок, наднирників. Також ця вправа викликає зниження електричної активності у репрезентативних точках органів дихання, серцево-судинної системи, сечового і жовчного міхурів та шлунку. Висновок. Показано, що використання методики Ryodoraku за В. Накатані вимірювання меридіанів при виконанні статичної вправи аналогічно пози «Падмасана» в системі Хатха_Йога дозволяє спостерігати активізацію меридіанів тіла, які, за даними літератури, відповідають за функції тонкого і товстого кишечнику, підшлункової залози, селезінки, печінки, жовчного міхура, статевих залоз, нирок, наднирників.
An Eccentric Massive Jupiter Orbiting a Subgiant on a 9.5-day Period Discovered in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Full Frame Images
Authors: Rodriguez Joseph E. , Quinn Samuel N. , Huang Chelsea X. , Vanderburg Andrew , Penev Kaloyan , Brahm Rafael , Jordán Andrés , Ikwut-Ukwa Mma , Tsirulik Shelly , Latham David W. , Stassun Keivan G. , Shporer Avi , Ziegler Carl , Matthews Elisabeth , Eastman Jason D. , Gaudi B. Scott , Collins Karen A. , Guerrero Natalia , Relles Howard M. , Barclay Thomas , Batalha Natalie M. , Berlind Perry , Bieryla Allyson , Bouma L. G. , Boyd Patricia T. , Burt Jennifer , Calkins Michael L. , Christiansen Jessie , Ciardi David R. , Colón Knicole D. , Conti Dennis M. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Daylan Tansu , Dittmann Jason , Dragomir Diana , Dynes Scott , Espinoza Néstor , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Essack Zahra , Soto Aylin Garcia , Glidden Ana , Günther Maximilian N. , Henning Thomas , Jenkins Jon M. , Kielkopf John F. , Krishnamurthy Akshata , Law Nicholas M. , Levine Alan M. , Lewin Pablo , Mann Andrew W. , Morgan Edward H. , Morris Robert L. , Oelkers Ryan J. , Paegert Martin , Pepper Joshua , Quintana Elisa V. , Ricker George R. , Rowden Pamela , Seager Sara , Sarkis Paula , Schlieder Joshua E. , Sha Lizhou , Tokovinin Andrei , Torres Guillermo , Vanderspek Roland K. , Villanueva Steven , Villaseñor Jesus Noel , Winn Joshua N. , Wohler Bill , Wong Ian , Yahalomi Daniel A. , Yu Liang , Zhan Zhuchang , Zhou George 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We report the discovery of TOI-172 b from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, a massive hot Jupiter transiting a slightly evolved G star with a 9.48-day orbital period. This is the first planet to be confirmed from analysis of only the TESS full frame images, because the host star was not chosen as a two-minute cadence target. From a global analysis of the TESS photometry and follow-up observations carried out by the TESS Follow-up Observing Program Working Group, TOI-172 (TIC 29857954) is a slightly evolved star with an effective temperature of T
eff = 5645 ± 50 K, a mass of M
⋆ =

M
⊙, radius of R
⋆ =

R
⊙, a surface gravity of log g
⋆ =

, and an age of

. Its planetary companion (TOI-172 b) has a radius of R
P =

R
J, a mass of M
P =

M
J, and is on an eccentric orbit (

). TOI-172 b is one of the few known massive giant planets on a highly eccentric short-period orbit. Future study of the atmosphere of this planet and its system architecture offer opportunities to understand the formation and evolution of similar systems.
The Pointing Limits of Transiting Exoplanet Light Curve Characterization with Pixel Level Decorrelation
Authors: Saunders Nicholas , Luger Rodrigo , Barnes Rory 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present scope (simulated CCD observations for photometric experimentation), a Python package to create a forward model of telescope detectors and simulate stellar targets with motion relative to the CCD. The primary application of this package is the simulation of the Kepler Space Telescope detector to predict and characterize increased instrumental noise in the spacecraft’s final campaigns of observation. As the fuel powering the spacecraft’s stabilizing thrusters ran out and thruster fires began to sputter and fail, stellar point-spread functions experienced more extreme and less predictable motion relative to regions of varied sensitivity on the spacecraft detector, generating more noise in transiting exoplanet light curves. Using our simulations, we demonstrate that current de-trending techniques effectively capture and remove systematics caused by sensitivity variation for spacecraft motion as high as about 10 times that typically experienced by K2. The scope package is open source and has been generalized to allow custom detector and stellar target parameters. Future applications include simulating observations made by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and ground-based observations with synthetic atmospheric interference as testbeds for noise removal techniques.
High-resolution Thermal Infrared Imaging of 3200 Phaethon
Authors: Jewitt David , Asmus Daniel , Yang Bin , Li Jing 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present thermal infrared observations of the active asteroid (and Geminid meteoroid stream parent) 3200 Phaethon using the Very Large Telescope. The images, at 10.7 μm wavelength, were taken with Phaethon at its closest approach to Earth (separation of 0.07 au) in 2017 December, at a linear resolution of about 14 km. We probe the Hill sphere (of radius ∼66 km) for trapped dust and macroscopic bodies, finding neither, and we set limits to the presence of unbound dust. The derived limits to the optical depth of dust near Phaethon depend somewhat on the assumed geometry, but are of an order of 10−5. The upper limit to the rate of loss of mass in dust is ≲14 kg s−1. This is ∼50 times smaller than the rate needed to sustain the Geminid meteoroid stream in steady state. The observations thus show that the production of the Geminids does not proceed in a steady state.
Close Companions around Young Stars
Authors: Kounkel Marina , Covey Kevin , Moe Maxwell , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Suárez Genaro , Stassun Keivan G. , Román-Zúñiga Carlos , Hernandez Jesus , Kim Jinyoung Serena , Ramírez Karla Peña , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Stringfellow Guy S , Jaehnig Karl O , Borissova Jura , Tofflemire Benjamin , Krolikowski Daniel , Rizzuto Aaron , Kraus Adam , Badenes Carles , Longa-Peña Penélope , Maqueo Chew Yilen Gómez , Barba Rodolfo , Nidever David L. , Brown Cody , De Lee Nathan , Pan Kaike , Bizyaev Dmitry , Oravetz Daniel , Oravetz Audrey 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Multiplicity is a fundamental property that is set early during stellar lifetimes, and it is a stringent probe of the physics of star formation. The distribution of close companions around young stars is still poorly constrained by observations. We present an analysis of stellar multiplicity derived from Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment-2 spectra obtained in targeted observations of nearby star-forming regions. This is the largest homogeneously observed sample of high-resolution spectra of young stars. We developed an autonomous method to identify double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s). Out of 5007 sources spanning the mass range of ∼0.05–1.5 M
⊙, we find 399 binaries, including both radial velocity (RV) variables and SB2s. The mass ratio distribution of SB2s is consistent with being uniform for q < 0.95 with an excess of twins for q > 0.95. The period distribution is consistent with what has been observed in close binaries (<10 au) in the evolved populations. Three systems are found to have q ∼ 0.1, with a companion located within the brown dwarf desert. There are no strong trends in the multiplicity fraction as a function of cluster age from 1 to 100 Myr. There is a weak dependence on stellar density, with companions being most numerous at Σ* ∼ 30 stars/pc−2 and decreasing in more diffuse regions. Finally, disk-bearing sources are deficient in SB2s (but not RV variables) by a factor of ∼2; this deficit is recovered by the systems without disks. This may indicate a quick dispersal of disk material in short-period equal-mass systems that is less effective in binaries with lower q.
The Mass Distribution of Galactic Double Neutron Stars
Authors: Farrow Nicholas , Zhu 朱 Xing-Jiang 兴江 , Thrane Eric 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The conventional wisdom, dating back to 2012, is that the mass distribution of Galactic double neutron stars (DNSs) is well-fit by a Gaussian distribution with a mean of 1.33 M
⊙ and a width of 0.09 M
⊙. With the recent discovery of new Galactic DNSs and GW170817, the first neutron star merger event to be observed with gravitational waves, it is timely to revisit this model. In order to constrain the mass distribution of DNSs, we perform Bayesian inference using a sample of 17 Galactic DNSs, effectively doubling the sample used in previous studies. We expand the space of models so that the recycled neutron star need not be drawn from the same distribution as the nonrecycled companion. Moreover, we consider different functional forms including uniform, single-Gaussian, and two-Gaussian distributions. While there is insufficient data to draw firm conclusions, we find positive support (a Bayes factor (BF) of 9) for the hypothesis that recycled and nonrecycled neutron stars have distinct mass distributions. The most probable model—preferred with a BF of 29 over the conventional model—is one in which the recycled neutron star mass is distributed according to a two-Gaussian distribution, and the nonrecycled neutron star mass is distributed uniformly. We show that precise component mass measurements of ≈20 DNSs are required in order to determine with high confidence (a BF of 150) whether recycled and nonrecycled neutron stars come from a common distribution. Approximately 60 DNSs are needed in order to establish the detailed shape of the distributions.