bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vereinbarungen von reverse payments vor dem EuGH: der Lundbeck- und der Paroxetin-Fall
Authors: Fischmann Filipe 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Dass ein Unternehmen seinen Mitbewerber nicht dafür bezahlen darf, dass er auf die Vermarktung seiner Produkte verzichtet, ist aus kartellrechtlicher Perspektive selbstverständlich. Dennoch wird die Frage seit Jahren debattiert, ob ein Patentinhaber bzw. ein Originalpräparatehersteller eine Zahlung an einen Generikahersteller bzw. einen mutmaßlichen Patentverletzer leisten darf, damit Generika nicht vermarktet werden. Eine mögliche Rechtfertigung für die Nichtsanktionierung dieser Absprachen sei die Tatsache, dass das Patent der Vermarktung der Generika ohnehin entgegenstehen könnte. Absprachen, die solche Zahlungen an die Generikahersteller vorsehen, werden als Vereinbarungen von reverse payments bezeichnet. Nun wird der EuGH mit dem Lundbeck- sowie dem Paroxetin-Fall die Möglichkeit haben, die Hauptfragen für die kartellrechtliche Beurteilung der Vereinbarungen von reverse payments in der EU zu entscheiden. Dieser Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit dem Thema der Vereinbarungen von reverse payments auseinander und unterbreitet Vorschläge für ihre kartellrechtliche Behandlung.
Bereicherungsrecht als Alternative zum Kartellschadensersatz: Passing-on defense im Bereicherungsausgleich?
Authors: Woeste Kai 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Im Schatten des Schadensersatzrechts erfährt ein weiteres Instrument der privaten Kartellrechtsdurchsetzung wenig Beachtung: die bereicherungsrechtliche Rückabwicklung nach den §§ 812 ff. BGB. Bereicherungsansprüche können aus Sicht der Betroffenen eine äußerst attraktive Alternative zum Anspruch auf Schadensersatz gem. § 33a GWB darstellen. Zusätzlichen Rückenwind könnten sich Bereicherungskläger durch die „Stromnetznutzungsentgelt VI“-Entscheidung des Bundesgerichtshofs erhoffen, die der Beklagten den Einwand der Schadensabwälzung (sog. passing-on defense) verwehrte. Der Beitrag geht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der RL 2014/104/EU der Frage nach, ob sich eine Weiterwälzung der Preiserhöhung auch im Kontext des Bereicherungsrechts auswirkt.
Studi Sifat Magnet dan Spektroskopi Sinar Tampak pada Darah Hijamah
Authors: Rosanti Resi , Suhendar Dede , Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo , Kusman Citra Fitiriani 
Published: December 2018

Besi merupakan mikromineral yang paling banyak dalam tubuh makhluk hidup yang memiliki peranan penting dalam reaksi biokimia, yaitu pada proses transfer oksigen. Telah dilakukan pengkajian kadar dan kimiawi besi dalam darah hijamah berdasarkan waktu sampling, jenis kelamin dan objek usia yang berbeda dengan menggunakan neraca kerentanan magnet (Magnetic Susceptibility Balance, MSB) dan pola spektrum sinar tampak. Dilakukan pula analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pektroskopi serapan atom (SSA) untuk menegaskan hasil yang diperoleh dari penentuan sifat magnet dan spektrum sinar tampak. Sifat magnet yang dianalisis menggunakan neraca kerentanan magnet (MSB) terhadap hasil sampling tanggal 19 bulan Hijriyah, jenis kelamin laki-laki, dan objek sampel usia 40-50 tahun kurang paramagnetik daripada waktu sampling tanggal 4 bulan Hijriyah, jenis kelamin perempuan, dan objek usia 20-30 tahun. Hasil pengamatan spektroskopi sinar tampak menghasilkan puncak pada panjang gelombang 400-415 nm yang mengindikasikan keberadaan kompleks besi-porfirin. Analisis menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA) menghasilkan perubahan kadar besi pada sampling tanggal 19 bulan Hijriyah, pada jenis kelamin laki-laki, dan pada objek sampel usia 40-50 lebih banyak daripada waktu sampling tanggal 4 bulan Hijriyah, pada jenis kelamin perempuan, dan objek usia 20-30 tahun.
DNA Methyltransferase 1 Controls Nephron Progenitor Cell Renewal and Differentiation
Authors: Wanner Nicola , Vornweg Julia , Combes Alexander , Wilson Sean , Plappert Julia , Rafflenbeul Gesa , Puelles Victor G. , Rahman Raza-Ur , Liwinski Timur , Lindner Saskia , Grahammer Florian , Kretz Oliver , Wlodek Mary E. , Romano Tania , Moritz Karen M. , Boerries Melanie , Busch Hauke , Bonn Stefan , Little Melissa H. , Bechtel-Walz Wibke , Huber Tobias B. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Nephron number is a major determinant of long-term renal function and cardiovascular risk. Observational studies suggest that maternal nutritional and metabolic factors during gestation contribute to the high variability of nephron endowment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been unclear.

Methods
We used mouse models, including DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b) knockout mice, optical projection tomography, three-dimensional reconstructions of the nephrogenic niche, and transcriptome and DNA methylation analysis to characterize the role of DNA methylation for kidney development.

Results
We demonstrate that DNA hypomethylation is a key feature of nutritional kidney growth restriction in vitro and in vivo, and that DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a are highly enriched in the nephrogenic zone of the developing kidneys. Deletion of Dnmt1 in nephron progenitor cells (in contrast to deletion of Dnmt3a or Dnm3b) mimics nutritional models of kidney growth restriction and results in a substantial reduction of nephron number as well as renal hypoplasia at birth. In Dnmt1-deficient mice, optical projection tomography and three-dimensional reconstructions uncovered a significant reduction of stem cell niches and progenitor cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that global DNA hypomethylation interferes in the progenitor cell regulatory network, leading to downregulation of genes crucial for initiation of nephrogenesis, Wt1 and its target Wnt4. Derepression of germline genes, protocadherins, Rhox genes, and endogenous retroviral elements resulted in the upregulation of IFN targets and inhibitors of cell cycle progression.

Conclusions
These findings establish DNA methylation as a key regulatory event of prenatal renal programming, which possibly represents a fundamental link between maternal nutritional factors during gestation and reduced nephron number.
Methods for prevention of intraoperative rupture during surgical interventions of intracranial aneurysm clipping
Authors: Kim S. V. , Shin A. R. , Vinokurov A. G. , Klypa T. V. , Baklaushev V. P. , Troitsky A. V. 
Published: December 2018

Intraoperative aneurysmal rupture (IAR) is one of the most dramatic complications of intracranial intervention. Its frequency, depending on the aneurysm’s localization and anatomical features, may reach 50%. IAR leads to the increase of unfavorable outcomes by 1.5–3 times. There exists a variety of techniques aimed to reduce the frequency of this complication, however, all of them have essential limitations.
The review presents analyses of the basic risk factors for IAR and techniques of its prevention, as well as modern approaches directed at the alleviation of this complication’s consequences.
Mutation yellow in agouti loci prevents age-related increase of skeletal muscle genes regulating free fatty acids oxidation
Authors: Piskunova Y. V. , Kazantceva A. Y. , Baklanov A. V. , Bazhan N. M. 
Published: December 2018

The lethal yellow mutation in agouti loci (Ay mutation) reduces the activity of melanocortin (MC) receptors and causes hyperphagia, obesity and type two diabetes mellitus in aging mice (Ay mice). It is unknown if changes in distinct elements of the metabolic system such as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle will manifest before the development of obesity. The aim of this work was to measure the relative gene expression of key proteins that regulate carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in WAT, BAT and skeletal muscle in Ay mice before the development of obesity. C57Bl/6J mice bearing a dominant autosomal mutation Ay (Ay /a mice) and mice of the standard genotype (a/a mice, control) have been studied in three age groups: 10, 15 and 30 weeks. The relative mRNA level of genes was measured by real-time PCR in skeletal muscles (uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (Cpt1b) (free fatty acids oxidation), solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (Slc2a4) (glucose uptake)), in WAT lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) (triglyceride deposition), hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) (lipid mobilization), and Slc2a4 (glucose uptake)), and in BAT: uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) (energy expenditure). The expression of Cpt1b was reduced in young Ay mice (10 weeks), there was no transient peak of transcription of Cpt1b, Ucp3 in skeletal muscle tissue and Lipe, Slc2a4 in WAT in early adult Ay mice (15 weeks), which was noted in а/а mice. Reduction of the transcriptional activity of the studied genes in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue can initiate the development of melanocortin obesity in Ay mice.
On The Metric Dimension of Some Operation Graphs
Authors: Marsidi Marsidi , Agustin Ika Hesti , Dafik Dafik , Alfarisi Ridho , Siswono Hendrik 
Published: December 2018

Let be a simple, finite, and connected graph. An ordered set of vertices of a nontrivial connected graph is and the -vector represent vertex that respect to , where and is the distance between vertex and for . The set called a resolving set for if different vertex of have different representations that respect to . The minimum of cardinality of resolving set of G is the metric dimension of , denoted by . In this paper, we give the local metric dimension of some operation graphs such as joint graph , amalgamation of parachute, amalgamation of fan, and .
DINAMIKA KELOMPOK DAN TINGKAT ADOPSI PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU (PTT) PADI PADA KELOMPOK TANI DI DESA ARJASA KECAMATAN ARJASA KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Susilowati Anik , Widjayanti Lenny , Soejono Djoko 
Published: December 2018

Food crops, especially rice, are the main crops cultivated by most Indonesian farmers. One of the strategies taken by the government to increase rice production in Indonesia is through Integrated Crop Management Field School (ICMFS) program. The success of the development program can be seen from the approach within the group. Farmer groups have a strategic position in realizing the application of integrated cultivation, therefore every farmer has different adoption level in applying ICM. The purpose of this study is to: (1) the dynamics of groups in farmer groups in Arjasa, (2) the adoption of Integrated Crop Management of rice at farmer group at in Arjasa, (3) the relationship between socio-economic factors with the adoption ICM of rice in Arjasa. Determination of research area using Purposive Method. The method used in this research is descriptive and correlation. Sampling method using Purposive Sampling and Proporsinate Random Sampling. Methods of data collection using structured interviews, observation, document. Analyzer used is Likert scale and Rank Spearman correlation. The results showed: (1) the dynamics of farmer groups in Arjasa as a whole is dynamic. (2) the adoption of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) of rice in the farmer group in Arjasa as a whole is high (3) there is a significant correlation between age factor and experience with ICM adoption. While the factors of education, land area, income, and information sources do not have a significant relationship with the adoption of ICM
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH KELAPA DI KECAMATAN PATILANGGIO KABUPATEN POHUWATO PROVINSI GORONTALO
Authors: Dahar Darmiati , Maharani Maharani 
Published: December 2018

One of the coconut producing areas in Gorontalo Province is Pohuwato District. Subdistrict Patilanggio is one of subdistrict in Pohuwato District that has a high enough production. Coconut plants are still be the main plant in this area. The purpose of this research is to know coconut productivity and value added obtained by farmers (from the processing of coconuts into copra). Data analysis used is analysis of productivity calculation and value added analysis of coconut with hayami method. The study was conducted in Patilanggio Subdistrict by selecting 3 (three) villages with the most farmers, namely: Manawa Village, Suka Makmur Village, and Dulomo Village. The results obtained, namely: 1) Productivity of coconut in District Patilanggio based on results if data obtained 1.7 tons / ha. 2). The added value obtained from processing coconut into copra is Rp. 1,547,46 / kg with added value ratio obtained for 55,57%. This means if the value of the product by 1 unit increases the added value obtained at 0.5557 units. An added value ratio of more than 50% is said to be high. It means that the processing of coconut into copra has high added value.
PENGUATAN MODAL SOSIAL BERBASIS KELEMBAGAAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT PESISIR PERSPEKTIF GENDER DI KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Anggraini Oktiva , Agus Muhammad 
Published: December 2018

The aims of this research are getting to know: encouraging the creation of social capital empowerment in the empowerment of fisherman based local institution with gender perspective in coastal area of ​​Bantul regency. With descriptive qualitative research design, data collection techniques: in-depth interview; literature study, observation and FGD. The results showed that coastal villages in Bantul district have developed institutions and rules that effectively limit the rate of exploitation of natural resources. Characteristic of social capital of coastal community in research location indicated that dominant group is group of citizen (arisan, RT), pengajian, fisherman group and fisherman. Given that the dominant group resides in the internal environment of the settlement and consists of the settlement community itself, access to outside resources is limited. The level of participation in the group was quite good seen from the presence, material and non-material. The level of trust and solidarity is relatively high. Values ​​are still firmly held and result in collective action and cooperation is relatively good enough. Social capital was more used for the fulfillment of daily needs (subsistence), is temporary and very personal. There was still a less supportive local culture, a wasteful life. Not many types of services could be expanded access because of the existence of a limited group. Social capital that supports the management of tourist destinations and coastal community empowerment in general need strengthening of related institutions, especially DKP, Dinpar and Disperindagkop Bantul regency more integrated. The caution of the coastal empowerment initiators resulted in coastal communities in Bantul district failing to develop social capital in the context of managing government resources such as bangdes funds, etc
PENGARUH INPUT TERHADAP PRODUKSI USAHATANI LADA PUTIH (Muntok White Pepper) DI DESA KUNDI KECAMATAN SIMPANG TERITIP KABUPATEN BANGKA BARAT
Authors: Pranoto Yudi Sapta 
Published: December 2018

The development of white pepper in Bangka Belitung Province is an interesting issue to be concerned, because of it has been well-known worldwide as Muntok White Pepper. This research based on the relationship among input, process, and output produced also high operating cost of white pepper farming. The focus of this research are (1) Calculating the amount of production cost, income, and the lowest output farmers’ price in Kundi Village, (2) Analyzing production inputs which allegedly influencing the amount of white pepper production in Kundi Village. The method used in this research was survey method and desk study and field study approach also data analyzing used Break Even Point and regression analysis used production function of Cobb Douglas, therefore the result of this research was (1) The amount of cost spent by the farmers in the first harvest season is Rp. 77.080.861, the income of white pepper farming in the first harvest season is Rp. 99.556.639. while BEP of price of white pepper is Rp.67.615 and BEP of Production of white pepper is Rp. 493 kilograms. (2) There are two variables influencing the amount of production of white pepper farming in Kundi Village, that is fertilizer (X1) and labor (X2).
PKM Peningkatan Potensi Batik Melalui Perlindungan HKI Dan Penguatan Manajemen Pemasaran Berbasis TIK Di Desa Silowogo Kecamatan Bungatan Kabupaten Situbondo
Authors: Yulianto Irwan , Uraidy Ali 
Published: December 2018

Tujuan dan target yang ingin dicapai dalam PKM ini adalah mendorong serta mendukung usaha batik di daerah Situbondo yang memiliki keinginan yang tinggi untuk mengembangkan usaha batik baik di kawasan lokal maupun internasional yang aman, nyaman dan berkelanjutan yang berpedoman pada kepastian hukum dengan memberikan pengetahuan serta pendampingan guna meningkatkan keterampilan dalam proses pendaftaran hak cipta motif batik serta pendampingan pemasaran batik khas Situbondo. Metode yang digunakan berupa pendampingan pendaftran hak atas hak cipta motif batik khas Situbondo pada Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI dan peningkatan manajemen pemasaran berbasis teknologi infomasi. Hasil yang dicapai antara lain yaitu keluarnya bukti pendaftaran hak cipta motif batik dan nomor pencatatan pada Kementrian Hukum dan HAM RI.
Kata Kunci : Hak cipta, batik, pemasaran, TIK.
Obesitas: Pentingkah Memperhatikan Konsumsi Makanan di Akhir Pekan?
Authors: Kandinasti Syafira , Farapti Farapti 
Published: December 2018

Background: The prevalence of obesity in all age groups has increased in some countries. Epidemiological studies indicated that the intake of energy and macronutrient over the weekend were increasing rather than on weekdays and contributed to the incidence of obesity. Objectives: The aim of this literature review is to analyze the different between intake of energy and macronutrients in weekdays compared to weekend and how it contributes to obesity . Methode: The literature review method used international journal article that was searched using the electronic database such as Medline NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information), embases, and google scholar.Result: The results showed that energy and macronutrient intake were increasing over the weekend than on weekdays. Consumption of unhealthy food on weekend such as foods and beverages with high sugar, high fat and alcohol increase the energy and play a role in the incidence of obesity. Conclusion: The health promotion concerning food intake on weekdays and weekend both in terms of quantity and quality is needed for obesity prevention.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Prevalensi obesitas pada semua kelompok umur meningkat di hampir seluruh negara di dunia. Studi epidemiologi menunjukkan bahwa asupan energi dan zat gizi makro diakhir pekan meningkat dibandingkan hari biasa dan berperan pada kejadian obesitas.Tujuan: Tujuan dari literatur review ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan asupan energi dan zat gizi makro diakhir pekan dibandingkan hari biasa dan bagaimana kontribusinya terhadap obesitas.Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelusuran artikel jurnal internasional yang ditelusuri menggunakan electronic database seperti medline NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information), embase, dan penelusuran dengan google schoolar.Hasil: Hasil telaah beberapa artikel menunjukan bahwa rata-rata asupan energi dan zat gizi makro mengalami peningkatan saat akhir pekan dibandingkan hari biasa. Konsumsi unhealthy food di akhir pekan seperti makanan dan minuman dengan kandungan tinggi gula, tinggi lemak, dan alkohol tampaknya menyebabkan peningkatan kalori dan berperan pada insiden obesitas.Kesimpulan: Diperlukan upaya pencegahan obesitas melalui promosi kesehatan masyarakat dengan memperhatikan asupan makanan saat hari libur baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitasnya.
Medicaid Payer Status Is Associated with Increased 90-Day Morbidity and Resource Utilization Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Shau David , Shenvi Neeta , Easley Kirk , Smith Melissa , Bradbury Thomas , Guild George 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Medicaid payer status has been shown to affect risk-adjusted outcomes and resource utilization across multiple medical specialties. The purpose of this study was to examine resource utilization via readmission rates, length of stay, and total cost specific to Medicaid payer status following primary total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:
The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) was utilized to identify patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty in 2013 as well as corresponding “Medicaid” or “non-Medicaid” payer status. Demographic data, 14 individual comorbidities, readmission rates, length of stay, and direct cost were evaluated. A propensity-score-based matching model was utilized to control for baseline confounding variables between payer groups. Following propensity-score matching, the chi-square test was used to compare readmission rates between the 2 payer groups. The relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated to quantify readmission risk. Length of stay and total cost comparisons were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
A total of 5,311 Medicaid and 144,814 non-Medicaid patients managed with total hip arthroplasty were identified from the 2013 NRD. A propensity score was estimated for each patient on the basis of the available baseline demographics, and 5,311 non-Medicaid patients were matched by propensity score to the 5,311 Medicaid patients. Medicaid versus non-Medicaid payer status yielded significant differences in overall readmission rates of 28.8% versus 21.0% (p < 0.001; RR = 1.37 [95% CI, 1.28 to 1.46]) and 90-day hip-specific readmission rates of 2.5% versus 1.8% (p = 0.01; RR = 1.38 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.78]). Mean length of stay was greater in the Medicaid group than in the non-Medicaid group at 4.5 versus 3.3 days (p < 0.0001), as was the mean total cost at $71,110 versus $65,309 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that Medicaid payer status is independently associated with increased resource utilization, including readmission rates, length of stay, and total cost following primary total hip arthroplasty. Providers may have a disincentive to treat patient populations who require increased resource utilization following surgery. Risk adjustment models accounting for Medicaid payer status are necessary to avoid decreased access to care for this patient population and to avoid financial penalty for physicians and hospitals alike.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical Use of Opportunistic Computed Tomography Screening for Osteoporosis
Authors: Anderson Paul A. , Polly David W. , Binkley Neil C. , Pickhardt Perry J. 
Published: December 2018

* Opportunistic use of computed tomography (CT) allows assessment of bone status from studies obtained for other purposes.* The linear x-ray attenuation coefficient is known as the Hounsfield unit (HU).* HU values can be determined for any region of interest using standard imaging software.* HU values strongly correlate with bone mineral density.* A threshold of <135 HU for the L1 vertebral body indicates a risk for osteoporosis.* HU values have been used to assess other bone regions, including the wrist, proximal and distal end of the femur, and sacrum, to predict future fracture and the presence of osteoporosis.* Opportunistic use of CT aids in the identification of patients who are not otherwise suspected to be at risk for osteoporosis.