bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness as a mediator of the relationship of social cognitive variables with depressive symptoms and quality of life in lung cancer patients beginning treatment
Authors: Hyland Kelly A. , Small Brent J. , Gray Jhanelle E. , Chiappori Alberto , Creelan Ben C. , Tanvetyanon Tawee , Nelson Ashley M. , Cessna‐Palas Julie , Jim Heather S.L. , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveLoneliness, or the discrepancy between perceived and desired level of social connectedness, is an understudied but important psychosocial factor in cancer patients.The current study investigated the relationship between loneliness, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and social cognitive variables (eg, stigma, social constraint, and cancer‐related negative social expectations), and explored loneliness as a mediator of the relationship between social cognitive variables and depressive symptoms and quality of life in lung cancer patients beginning treatment.MethodsPatients within 3 months of beginning treatment for lung cancer completed measures of loneliness, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and social cognitive variables. Correlational, chi‐square, and hierarchical regression analyses evaluated relationships among variables. Bias‐corrected bootstrapping methods estimated the indirect effect and 95% confidence interval for mediation models.ResultsParticipants (n = 105, M = 65.5 years, 55% female) endorsed low to moderate levels of loneliness. Greater loneliness was associated with greater depressive symptoms and worse quality of life (P's < .001), and loneliness explained unique variance in depressive symptoms (F = 10.18, P < .001, ΔR2 = .06, Total R2 = .35) and quality of life (F = 19.55, P < .001, ΔR2 = .05, Total R2 = .52) after controlling for significant covariates. Greater stigma, social constraint, and cancer‐related negative social expectations were associated with greater loneliness and depressive symptoms and worse quality of life (P's < .001). Loneliness partially mediated the relationship of social cognitive variables with depressive symptoms and quality of life.ConclusionsBeyond its direct impact on clinically relevant outcomes, the experience of loneliness may be a mechanism by which social cognitive factors influence depressive symptoms and quality of life in lung cancer patients.
Polymeric Stabilization of Nano‐Scale HMX Suspensions During Wet Milling
Authors: Doukkali Mouhcine A. , Gauthier Eric , Patel Rajen B. , Stepanov Victor , Hadim Hamid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe focus of this paper is to investigate the polymeric stabilization of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) suspensions using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The PVP adsorption on HMX surface was studied using zeta potential measurements, which revealed that the shorter PVP polymer chain (lesser molecular weight) adsorbed better than the longer one (greater molecular weight). This study also showed that the solvent dramatically affects the PVP adsorption. A turbidity test was conducted, showing that lower molecular weight PVP offers better stability. This stability is enhanced by increasing the ethanol concentration. The depletion mechanism was responsible for HMX stabilization with ethanol. Finally, a milling study was conducted to compare the HMX with and without a stabilization mechanism. This study indicated that PVP in 50 % water/50 % ethanol was able to stabilize HMX by depletion and reduce the size to 180 nm within 10 minutes of milling. Strong aggregation was observed for HMX milled in the absence of the stabilization mechanism. The stabilization techniques discussed in this study appeared to lead to a shorter processing time and a more efficient milling process when utilized. Under comparable milling conditions, a particle size of 180 nm could be achieved with stabilization compared to 500 nm without. Such a dramatic improvement of the milling process bodes well for future nanoHMX production, as well as that of similar materials.
In‐situ Robust Polymeric Networks Prepared via Facile Uncatalyzed Huisgen Cycloaddition of Alkyne‐terminated Polyurethane with Terminal Azides
Authors: Min Byoung S. , Go Cheongah , Kim Sung J. , Shim Hong M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe carried out catalyst – and solvent‐free Huisgen azide‐alkyne cycloadditon (AAC) to develop the polyurethane‐based networks crosslinked through triazole moieties at chain‐ends. An asymmetrical divalent compound carrying the hydroxyl and electron‐deficient alkyne as terminal groups was newly synthesized to prepare the alkyne‐terminated polymer containing urethane moieties within polymer backbone. Additionally, three kinds of terminal‐azide crosslinkers were introduced to react with alkyne‐terminated polyurethanes without any promoters. Kinetics of the uncatalyzed AAC were monitored by using real‐time FT‐IR technique at 50 °C temperature. The rate of AAC using aromatic azide dipole was faster than other dipoles. Compared to the non‐polyurethane‐based networks crosslinked via either urethane or triazole moieties at chain‐ends, triazole chain‐ends crosslinked polyurethane networks conveyed the excellent mechanical properties. However, thermal properties at low temperature were not as good as those of non‐polyurethane networks. Especially, Tg of polyurethane networks formed by an oligomeric azide crosslinker was much higher than others.
Modelling spatially correlated observation errors in variational data assimilation using a diffusion operator on an unstructured mesh
Authors: Guillet Oliver , Weaver Anthony T. , Vasseur Xavier , Michel Yann , Gratton Serge , Gürol Selime 
Published: April 2019

We propose a method for representing spatially correlated observation errors in variational data assimilation. The method is based on the numerical solution of a diffusion equation, a technique commonly used for representing spatially correlated background errors. The discretization of the pseudo‐time derivative of the diffusion equation is done implicitly using a backward Euler scheme. The solution of the resulting elliptic equation can be interpreted as a correlation operator whose kernel is a correlation function from the Matérn family.In order to account for the possibly heterogeneous distribution of observations, a spatial discretization technique based on the finite element method (FEM) is chosen where the observation locations are used to define the nodes of an unstructured mesh on which the diffusion equation is solved. By construction, the method leads to a convenient operator for the inverse of the observation‐error correlation matrix, which is an important requirement when applying it with standard minimization algorithms in variational data assimilation. Previous studies have shown that spatially correlated observation errors can also be accounted for by assimilating the observations together with their directional derivatives up to arbitrary order. In the continuous framework, we show that the two approaches are formally equivalent for certain parameter specifications. The FEM provides an appropriate framework for evaluating the derivatives numerically, especially when the observations are heterogeneously distributed.Numerical experiments are performed using a realistic data distribution from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI). Correlations obtained with the FEM‐discretized diffusion operator are compared with those obtained using the analytical Matérn correlation model. The method is shown to produce an accurate representation of the target Matérn function in regions where the data are densely distributed. The presence of large gaps in the data distribution degrades the quality of the mesh and leads to numerical errors in the representation of the Matérn function. Strategies to improve the accuracy of the method in the presence of such gaps are discussed.
Benchmark calculations of Rényi, Tsallis entropies, and Onicescu information energy for ground state helium using correlated Hylleraas wave functions
Authors: Ou Jen‐Hao , Ho Yew Kam 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccurate values of physical quantities serve as the stepping stone for further researches. Consequently, we provide benchmark values of Shannon, Rényi, Tsallis entropies, and Onicescu information energy for ground state helium. With the highly correlated Hylleraas wave functions, our calculations fully considered the effect of electron correlation. Presented numerical results converge with increasing size of basis set, fulfill analytic relations between the quantities, and satisfactorily agree with those in the literature. In particular, we present these information‐theoretic quantities with high accuracy, and it is believed that the reported data would be a valuable reference for further research on information‐theoretic quantities of atomic and molecular systems.
Anti‐Tumor Effect of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles Carrying siRNA and Adriamycin
Authors: Yang Wenkang , Zhang Shuang , Sun Xueke , Jin He , Zhang Chenyi , Li Xu , Gao Jucai , Dong Biao , Xu Lin , Zhao Lijing , Guo Lirong , Song Hongwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA combination of treatment strategies with two or more different mechanisms can together prevent cancer progression. In this paper, we present a combination of strategies with siRNA interference‐induced gene silencing, photothermal therapy and mesoporous drug delivery methods to cure cancer. First we synthesize oil‐soluble copper sulfide nanoparticles, which are modified with mesoporous silica and (3‐Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), then use it as siRNA carrier to achieve siRNA transmission. At the same time, mesopores can also be used for drug delivery. Our results suggest that the copper sulfide nanomaterial loaded with siRNA and Adriamycin entered the cell successfully, and the composite can kill cancer cells effectively.
Synthesis, Structures and Lewis‐Acid‐Induced Isomerization of 8‐Methoxy[2.2]metaparacyclophanes and a DFT Study
Authors: Islam Md. Monarul , Feng Xing , Rahman Shofiur , Georghiou Paris E. , Matsumoto Taisuke , Tanaka Junji , Alodhayb Abdullah , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMethyl substituted 8‐methoxy[2.2]MPCPs 8 a–b were obtained via the corresponding thiacylophanes and its oxidized products. Lewis acid‐catalyzed (AlCl3‐MeNO2) reactions of 5‐tert‐butyl‐8‐methoxy‐12,13,15,16‐tetramethyl[2.2]MPCP 8 b under various conditions led to transannular cyclization and isomerization reactions, affording the considerably less‐strained 5‐tert‐butyl‐8‐methoxy[2.2]MPCP 9, 5‐tert‐butyl‐8‐hydroxy‐14,16,17,18‐tetramethyl[2.2]metacyclophane 10 and pyrene derivatives 11 and 12. However, on prolonging the reaction time to 3 h for 8 b, the major product is 5‐tert‐butyl‐8‐hydroxy[2.2]MPCP 10. These reactions are strongly affected by the size and properties of the C‐8 substitutents as well as the methyl substitutents on the para‐linked benzene rings, which increase the strain in the molecules. The 1H NMR spectra and X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 8 b revealed that it adopts a syn‐conformation both in solution and in the solid state.
Ultrahigh‐Detectivity Photodetectors with Van der Waals Epitaxial CdTe Single‐Crystalline Films
Authors: Lian Qin , Zhu Xuanting , Wang Xudong , Bai Wei , Yang Jing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qi Ruijuan , Huang Rong , Hu Weida , Tang Xiaodong , Wang Jianlu , Chu Junhao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVan der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) is crucial for heteroepitaxy of covalence‐bonded semiconductors on 2D layered materials because it is not subject to strict substrate requirements and the epitaxial materials can be transferred onto various substrates. However, planar film growth in covalence‐bonded semiconductors remains a critical challenge of vdWE because of the extremely low surface energy of 2D materials. In this study, direct growth of wafer‐scale single‐crystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) films is achieved on 2D layered transparent mica through molecular beam epitaxy. The vdWE CdTe films exhibit a flat surface resulting from the 2D growth regime, and high crystal quality as evidenced by a low full width at half maximum of 0.05° for 120 nm thick films. A perfect lattice fringe appears at the interfaces, implying a fully relaxed state of the epitaxial CdTe films correlated closely to the unique nature of vdWE. Moreover, the vdWE CdTe photodetectors demonstrate not only ultrasensitive optoelectronic response with optimal responsivity of 834 A W−1 and ultrahigh detectivity of 2.4 × 1014 Jones but also excellent mechanical flexibility and durability, indicating great potential in flexible and wearable devices.
Development of a Partial Discharge Measuring Method for a Long‐Distance Cable Line
Authors: Ra Nhet , Mustafa Nur Sabihah Binti , Kawashima Tomohiro , Murakami Yoshinobu , Hozumi Naohiro 
Published: April 2019

The authors have been developing a new measurement method for measuring partial discharge (PD) in a long‐distance cable line using a capacitive coupling method. This method proposes that a PD signal can be detected by a newly proposed capacitive coupling electrode between the shielding layer and an additional aluminum foil. In this article, first, the theoretical background of the proposed method was described including the generation, propagation, and detection of the PD signal. Second, the proposed method was applied to observe PD activity in an RG58A/U communication cable and a numerical simulation was also performed in the same manner as the measurement system. It was confirmed that the PD signal was successfully detected. Third, the feasibility of the proposed method for applying in a full‐size 6.6 kV XLPE, (Hitachi Cable Ltd., Hitachi Magnet Wire Corp., Tokyo, Japan) cable line was investigated. It was revealed that the proposed method can be applied for a full‐size cable. Finally, an attempt was made to understand the effect of the coupling capacitor on the detection intensity. Also, the detection limit of the proposed method based on the noise level was analyzed. It was revealed that the detection sensitivity was finally determined as 400 pC, which was the detection limit. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Flexible multibody dynamics using joint coordinates and the Rayleigh‐Ritz approximation: The general framework behind and beyond Flex
Authors: Branlard Emmanuel Simon Pierre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article presents a general framework to set up the equations of motion for flexible multibody system using joint coordinates and Rayleigh‐Ritz approximation. The framework covers in particular the underlying formulation behind the aeroelastic code Flex developed by Øye. This formulation is strongly related to the one used in the module ElastoDyn of the code OpenFAST. The approach results in models with few degrees of freedom thanks to carefully selected shape functions and the direct account of the constraints. The specificities of the method for open‐loop systems and thin beams are presented. The inclusion of torsion and couplings with finite element methods or superelements are discussed. Simple validations cases are used. A four degrees of freedom model of a two‐bladed wind turbine is developed to illustrate the method.
Glacial lake evolution and glacier–lake interactions in the Poiqu River basin, central Himalaya, 1964–2017
Authors: ZHANG GUOQING , BOLCH TOBIAS , ALLEN SIMON , LINSBAUER ANDREAS , CHEN WENFENG , WANG WEICAI 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTDespite previous studies, glacier–lake interactions and future lake development in the Poiqu River basin, central Himalaya, are still not well understood. We mapped glacial lakes, glaciers, their frontal positions and ice flow from optical remote sensing data, and calculated glacier surface elevation change from digital terrain models. During 1964–2017, the total glacial-lake area increased by ~110%. Glaciers retreated with an average rate of ~1.4 km2a−1between 1975 and 2015. Based on rapid area expansion (>150%), and information from previous studies, eight lakes were considered to be potentially dangerous glacial lakes. Corresponding lake-terminating glaciers showed an overall retreat of 6.0 ± 1.4 to 26.6 ± 1.1 m a−1and accompanying lake expansion. The regional mean glacier elevation change was −0.39 ± 0.13 m a−1while the glaciers associated with the eight potentially dangerous lakes lowered by −0.71 ± 0.05 m a−1from 1974 to 2017. The mean ice flow speed of these glaciers was ~10 m a−1from 2013 to 2017; about double the mean for the entire study area. Analysis of these data along with climate observations suggests that ice melting and calving processes play the dominant role in driving lake enlargement. Modelling of future lake development shows where new lakes might emerge and existing lakes could expand with projected glacial recession.
The Aphasia Quotient: The Taxonomic Approach to Measurement of Aphasic Disability
Authors: Kertesz Andrew , Poole Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARY150 aphasiacs and 59 controls were examined with a scorable, comprehensive battery, designed to be used by the clinician and the research worker. The subtests of Fluency, Information, Comprehension, Repetition and Naming were added and compared to a hypothetical normal of 100 obtaining the “aphasia Quotient.” This is a measurement of the severity of language impairment. On the basis of their performance on the subtests, the patients were classified according to taxonomic principles into Global, Motor (Broca’s), Isolation, Sensory (Wernicke’s), Transcortical Motor, Transcortical Sensory, Conduction and Anomic groups (in order of severity). This classification is considered a clinically valid baseline for research, diagnosis and prognosis.
Role of the Ventricular System in Neuroendocrine Processes: Synthesis and Distribution of
Thyrotropin Releasing Factor (TRF) in the Hypothalamus and Third Ventricle
Authors: Knigge K.M. , Joseph S.A. , Schock D. , Silverman A.J. , Ching M.C.H. , Scott D.E. , Zeman D. , Krobish-Dudley G. 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYIn vitro biosynthesis of thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) by different regions of the hypothalamus of mink was examined. Homogenates of hypothalamic tissue were incubated in Krebs-Ringer medium containing 200 mg% glucose, 10-5M ATP, 0.1 mM histidine and glutamic acid and 0.15 μ c 3H-proline (40 Cilmmol) per mg. tissue. Extraction, purification and estimation of 3H-TRF biosynthesis involved several steps of charcoal extraction, carboxymethylcellulose and sephadex chromatography. 3H-TRF was synthesized throughout the entire antero-posterior extent of the hypothalamus in its dorsal and medial portions. 3H-TRF was synthesized also in a more discreet region, the arcuate nucleus. In vitro biosynthesis of 3H-TRF was stimulated significantly by thyroxine, but not by TSH, estradiol, corticosterone or melatonin. A method is described for collection of cerebrospinal fluid of the third ventricle of the rat brain; TRF concentration in this fluid was approximately in normal animals.The distribution of TRF-producing cells in the hypothalamus and presence of TRF in cerebrospinal fluid of the third ventricle is discussed with respect to the hypothesis that this releasing factor may be delivered to the median eminence and adenohypophysis in part, via the cerebrospinal fluid.
Assessing bilingual language switching behavior with Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Jylkkä Jussi , Soveri Anna , Laine Matti , Lehtonen Minna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe putative bilingual executive advantage has been argued to stem from lifelong experience with executively demanding language behaviors, such as switching between the two languages. However, studies testing for possible associations between language switching frequency and EF in bilinguals have yielded inconsistent results. One reason for this could lie in the methods used that have evaluated the frequency and type of language switches with retrospective self-reports, as well as in problems in reliability and convergent validity of the executive tasks. By using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) as a reference point for self-reports of language switches, we examined the validity of general retrospective self-reports of language switching. Additionally, we examined associations between language switching and EF using multilevel models. Our results indicated that the commonly used retrospective self-reports of language switching may lack convergent validity. However, we found tentative evidence that contextual language switches, assessed with EMA, may be associated with better inhibitory control, set shifting, and working memory.
The Prague IAU General Assembly, Pluto and the IAU processes
Authors: Ekers Ron 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAt the Sydney IAU General Assembly (GA) the statutes were modified to remove the votes by individual members. Few noticed this at the time but the subsequent reaction by disenfranchised members led us to revise this position in Prague. The need to have a members’ vote on the status of Pluto was complicated by these changes and the drama behind the scene at the Prague GA where the planet definition was resolved is not well known despite the huge public impact of this GA. I will describe some of the activities of the executive and its working groups during this very exciting GA. The IAU structures served us well during this process but of course there were also many lessons learned.
IAU Regions and Regional Astronomy
Authors: Kaifu Norio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractContinuous regional cooperation is efficient and constructive for long-term development of astronomy, as clearly shown by the great success of ESO in the European Region. The IAU does not formally define its Regions, however they are becoming clear through the Regional Meetings during recent decades. We present some statistics and considerations about five IAU Regions, based on the temporarily assumed geographical distribution of IAU National Members. For further growth of IAU and worldwide astronomy, the role of Asian Pacific, Lain American, and Mid-East & African Regions is essentially important. We can identify three groups; “Super”, “Advanced”, and “Developing” groups of IAU National Members based on the rate of IAU Individual Member per population in each of the National Members. This rate, identical to the number of astronomer per head of population, can be regarded as an indicator of the “strength” of astronomy in each of the NMs, while the number of Individual Members indicates the “size” of astronomical research. We find that the distribution of this rate shows clear differences from Region to Region. Based on this analysis, we propose planning within IAU National Members, each Region and the EC so as to grow from a “Developed” group to an “Advanced” group, as well as to increase the number of NMs. The IAU should encourage and support those efforts by National Members and Regions through the platform of Regional Meetings, the OAD and other possible strategic programmes.