bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a simultaneous versus a staged resection of metastatic colorectal cancer on time to adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Le Souder Emily , Azin Arash , Wood Trevor , Hirpara Dhruvin , Elnahas Ahmad , Cleary Sean , Wei Alice , Walker Richard , Parsyan Armen , Chadi Sami , Quereshy Fayez 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesPatients with colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases may undergo a staged or a simultaneous resection. This study aimed to determine whether the time to adjuvant chemotherapy was delayed in patients undergoing a simultaneous resection.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2016. The primary outcome was time to adjuvant chemotherapy. A multivariate linear regression was conducted to ascertain the adjusted effect of a simultaneous versus a staged approach on time to adjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 155 patients were included. A total of 127 patients underwent a staged resection, whereas 28 patients underwent a simultaneous resection. Age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class as well tumor, node, metastasis stage, tumor location, and number and size of metastases were not significantly different between the groups. The median time to adjuvant chemotherapy was 70 and 63 days for the staged and simultaneous groups, respectively (P = .27). Multivariate analysis did not demonstrate an increased propensity for prolonged time to chemotherapy after simultaneous resection (rate ratio: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71‐1.32, P = .84). There were no significant differences in the length of stay, complications, overall survival, and disease‐free survival between the groups (P > .05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that simultaneous resection does not result in significant delay of adjuvant chemotherapy compared with a staged approach.
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins: Studies of unfolding upon adsorption by isothermal titration calorimetry
Authors: Rodler Agnes , Beyer Beate , Ueberbacher Rene , Hahn Rainer , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHeat of adsorption is an excellent measure for adsorption strength and, therefore, very useful to study the influence of salt and temperature in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The adsorption of bovine serum albumin and β‐lactoglobulin to Toyopearl Butyl‐650 M was studied with isothermal titration calorimetry to follow the unfolding of proteins on hydrophobic surfaces. Isothermal titration calorimetry is established as an experimental method to track conformational changes of proteins on stationary phases. Experiments were carried out at two different salt concentrations and five different temperatures. Protein unfolding, as indicated by large changes of molar enthalpy of adsorption Δhads, was observed to be dependent on temperature and salt concentration. Δhads were significantly higher for bovine serum albumin and ranged from 578 (288 K) to 811 (308 K) kJ/mol for 1.2 mol/kg ammonium sulfate. Δhads for β‐lactoglobulin ranged from 129 kJ/mol (288 K) to 186 kJ/mol (308 K). For both proteins, Δhads increased with increasing temperature. The influence of salt concentration on Δhads was also more pronounced for bovine serum albumin than for β‐lactoglobulin. The comparison of retention analysis evaluated by the van't Hoff algorithm shows that beyond adsorption other processes occur simultaneously. Further interpretation such as unfolding upon adsorption needs other in situ techniques.
Effects of livestock grazing on nesting sage‐grouse in central Montana
Authors: Smith Joseph T. , Tack Jason D. , Berkeley Lorelle I. , Szczypinski Mark , Naugle David E. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTGrazing by domestic livestock is ubiquitous in the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) biome of western North America. Widespread, long‐term population declines in greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have elicited concern about negative effects of livestock grazing on sage‐grouse populations. Hypothesized relationships, mostly untested, between livestock and sage‐grouse nesting ecology have played a prominent role in shaping public land livestock grazing policy and broader discussions about management of grazing in sagebrush ecosystems. We tested predictions arising from several commonly hypothesized mechanisms by which livestock may affect nesting habitat quality for sage‐grouse in a grazed landscape in central Montana, USA. We employed Bayesian variable selection methods to identify factors related to both nest site selection and nest success, focusing on indices of livestock use at local and pasture scales and including other factors known to influence nesting ecology such as anthropogenic features and weather. In spite of some evidence nest survival was positively associated with senesced vegetation height, evidence for effects of livestock presence and indices of local livestock use on nest site selection and survival was equivocal at best. In contrast, we found strong evidence that females selected nest sites based on relatively static features such as sagebrush cover and distance from gravel and paved roads, whereas nest failure was driven primarily by extended periods of heavy precipitation. Management of sage‐grouse nesting habitat in this region should focus on conserving areas of adequate shrub cover and preventing further fragmentation by roads. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Urea as a source of nitrogen to giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)
Authors: Smith Jason M. , Brzezinski Mark A. , Melack John M. , Miller Robert J. , Reed Daniel C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNitrate concentrations routinely fall below levels required to sustain growth of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) during summer and autumn in the Santa Barbara Channel, yet growth continues. We found urea to be consistently present at concentrations of 0.48–1.82 μM, accounting for greater than 20% of the dissolved fixed nitrogen pool during summer (14% overall). Field experiments indicate direct uptake of urea by giant kelp at a rate of 0.19 μmol N g dw−1 h−1, comparable to rates for ammonium (0.18 μmol N g dw−1 h−1) but lower than for nitrate (0.39 μmol N g dw−1 h−1). Co‐occurring phytoplankton took up nitrate, urea, and ammonium, 2‐, 15‐, and 39‐fold faster than giant kelp; however, the nitrogen uptake advantage of phytoplankton varies by substrate and season. Together, our results suggest that urea is readily used by giant kelp and may help to sustain growth throughout the year.
LADDERS: A dynamic paradigm for planning, implementing, and evaluating sustainable change in learning health systems
Authors: Meissner Paul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe science of learning health systems borrows and adapts models from many fields. One in particular is implementation science which has been experiencing a flourishing of new theories, models, and frameworks, some of which are generating sufficient evidence as to their effectiveness and applicability to emerge as candidates for wide adoption as useful tools for the field. In reviewing these, a common paradigm can be described which is a synthesis of those elements regularly cited by health systems implementing successful transformational change activities. As a paradigm, it offers a practical bridge to these models, concepts, and frameworks that are often hard to operationalize and are used with varying degrees of completeness. These elements can be arranged in a memorable acronym—LADDERS—Leadership, Alignment, Data, Demonstration, Evaluation, Replication, and Sustainability. LADDERS identifies the multiple elements and dimensions recognized by persons involved in leading health system change activities. It provides a simple, useful way to assess progress by health systems in planning, implementing, evaluating, and sustaining change. There is ample organizational and systems change literature to fully describe the actual LADDERS elements individually; therefore, this article describes characteristics and functions of each element and the dynamics represented in a DNA image to reflect that in learning health systems change is recursive, constant, and happens in complex environments that are always readjusting to new stimuli and directions, and this is often not accounted for in a framework, model, or theory. It concludes with several examples of application of the LADDERS paradigm and suggests how it is a complementary approach to accomplishing Institute of Medicine Learning Health Systems goals.
Microorganism's adaptation of Crucian carp may closely relate to its living environments
Authors: Zhang Huanxin , Tang Hongshuo , Zang Yu , Tang Xuexi , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe relationship between the internal microbiome of an individual organism and that of its external environment has been little investigated in freshwater ecosystems. Thus, this is an area of interest in freshwater fish biology. Along with the genotype of the fish host, external environment plays an important role in determining the composition of the internal microbiome. Here, we characterized the variability of the microbiome of wild Crucian carp (Carassius auratus), along with those of their surrounding environments (water and mud). We found that each environment had distinct bacterial communities, with varying composition and structure. The primary bacterial phyla identified in the Crucian carp gut were Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria (90% of all bacterial phyla identified); the primary genera identified were Cetobacterium, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas (85% of all bacterial phyla identified). We identified 1,739 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the Crucian carp gut, 1,703 in water, and 5,322 in mud. Each environment had unique OTUs, but the fewest unique OTUs (97) were found in the Crucian carp gut. There were significant differences in the relative abundances of different bacterial phyla in the different environments. It may be that only bacterial phyla vital for efficient fish function (e.g., immune response or metabolism), such as Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, are retained in the Crucian carp gut.
Hemozoin‐induced activation of human monocytes toward M2‐like phenotype is partially reversed by antimalarial drugs—chloroquine and artemisinin
Authors: Bobade Deepali , Khandare Ashwin V. , Deval Mangesh , Shastry Padma , Deshpande Prakash 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum malaria is the most severe form of malaria with several complications. The malaria pigment‐hemozoin (Hz) is associated with severe anemia, cytokine dysfunction, and immunosuppression, thus making it an interesting target for developing new strategies for antimalarial therapy. Monocytes (MO) in circulation actively ingest Hz released by Plasmodium parasites and secrete pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. M1 and M2 types represent the two major forms of MO/macrophages (MQ) with distinct phenotypes and opposing functions. Imbalance in the polarization of these types is reported in many infectious diseases. Though the association of Hz with immunosuppression is well documented, its role in activation of MO in context of M1/M2 phenotypes remains to be addressed. We report here that natural Hz drives human MO toward M2‐like phenotype as evidenced by the expression of M2 signature markers. Hz‐fed MO showed elevated transcript and secreted level of IL‐10, CCL17, CCL1, expression of mannose‐binding lectin receptor (CD206), and arginase activity. Hz attenuated HLA‐DR expression, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species production, which are the features of M1 phenotype. Our data also implicate the involvement of p38 MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF‐κB signaling pathways in skewing of Hz‐fed MO toward M2‐like type and suppression of mitogen‐stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Importantly, antimalarial drugs—chloroquine and artemisinin—partially reversed activation of Hz‐induced MO toward M2‐like phenotype. Considering the limitations in the current therapeutic options for malaria, we propose that these drugs may be re‐examined for their potential as immunomodulators and candidates for adjunctive treatment in malaria.
Bacterial communities in natural versus pesticide‐treated Aphis gossypii populations in North China
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Luo Junyu , Wang Li , Zhang Lijuan , Zhu Xiangzhen , Jiang Weili , Cui Jinjie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe cotton‐melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a worldwide‐spreading species, and pesticide‐resistant populations are increasing rapidly. In this study, investigations were performed based on Illumina HiSeq sequencing of the 16S rDNA V4 region for the bacterial communities embodied as intracellular symbionts under natural and in pesticide‐treated populations of A. gossypii. The results revealed that more than 82% of bacterial communities belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria in which the maximum proportion (53.24%) was of the genus Arsenophonus; Hamiltonella composed 22.31; and 1.37% was of the genus Acinetobacter. The relative abundance of Hamiltonella was obvious, vertically transmitted, divided into two groups, and its infection influenced the bacterial communities in A. gossypii. Symbiont density and composition were changed in samples tested on different days. Azadirachtin and phoxim influenced on the composition of bacterial communities. Different biomarkers were used for pesticide‐treated samples with LEfSe results. These findings will increase awareness regarding bacterial communities in naturally occurring populations of A. gossypii and pave the way to study the relationship between symbionts and pesticide resistance.
Associations of Abdominal Muscle Area and Radiodensity with Adiponectin and Leptin: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Vella Chantal A. , Cushman Mary , Van Hollebeke Rachel B. , Allison Matthew A. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis study examined the associations of muscle area and radiodensity with adiponectin and leptin.MethodsA total of 1,944 participants who enrolled in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis underwent computed tomography to quantify body composition and measurements of adiponectin, leptin, interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein, and resistin.ResultsThe mean age and BMI of participants were 64.7 years and 28.1 kg/m2 and 49% were female. With adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, a 1‐SD increment in total abdominal, stability, and locomotor muscle area was associated with a 19%, 17%, and 12% lower adiponectin level, respectively (P < 0.01 for all) but not leptin (P > 0.05). Muscle radiodensity was more robustly associated with adiponectin and leptin in the multivariable linear regression models. That is, with full adjustment for all covariates, a 1‐SD increment in total abdominal, stability, and locomotor muscle radiodensity was associated with a 31%, 31%, and 18% lower adiponectin level (P < 0.01 for all) and a 6.7%, 4.6%, and 8.1% higher leptin level (P < 0.05 for all), respectively.ConclusionsThe data suggest that increases in muscle area and radiodensity may have positive impacts on chronic inflammation and, in turn, reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease.
Technology, telemedicine and social media are tools to improve health outcomes, education and patient engagement in a paediatric diabetes service
Authors: Ng Sze May 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFew centres in the UK within adult and paediatric diabetes units adopt digital technology, telemedicine or social media within their services. Perhaps this is due to both lack of investments and to some extent clinical leadership to champion and drive change.The 2018 Mary MacKinnon Diabetes UK lecture is aimed at showing how health outcomes, education and patient engagement can be significantly improved using novel digital and technology strategies as effective means of driving change and delivering good quality of care within a paediatric diabetes service. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons.
Fucosyl monosialoganglioside: Quantitative analysis of specific potential biomarkers of lung cancer in biological matrices using immunocapture extraction/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ranasinghe Asoka , Mehl John , D'Arienzo Celia , Nabbie Fizal , Chiu Christopher , Thevanayagam Lourdes , Srinivasan Mohan , Hogan Jason , Ponath Paul , Olah Timothy 
Published: June 2018

RationaleCertain lung cancer patients express elevated Fucosyl Monosialoganglioside (Fuc‐GM1) in circulation compared to control groups. Several sensitive methods involving characterization of Fuc‐GM1 have been reported. However, a highly specific and sensitive method for quantifying multiple potential Fuc‐GM1 biomarkers present in various biological matrices has not been reported to date.MethodsIndividual Fuc‐GM1 analogs in a commercially obtained standard mixture were characterized using HPLC/UV/MS and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Proprietary antibodies, mAb1 and mAb2, were used to selectively capture and pre‐concentrate the soluble and drug‐bound forms of Fuc‐GM1 molecules present in human serum and whole blood, eliminating the background matrix components. Immunocapture extraction (ICE) followed by HPLC/MS/MS was used to quantify specific Fuc‐GM1 analogs in biological matrices.ResultsThe concentration of individual Fuc‐GM1 analogs in the standard mixture was estimated to be 7–34%, using HPLC/UV/MS. Using the standard mixture spiked into the biological matrices (100 μL), the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of each analog was 0.2–0.4 ng/mL with a dynamic range of up to 200 ng/mL. The applicability of the ICE‐HPLC/MS/MS method was demonstrated by detecting endogenous Fuc‐GM1 analogs present in rat blood and in several lung cancer cell lines.ConclusionsThis highly specific and sensitive HPLC/MS/MS method for quantifying individual potential Fuc‐GM1 biomarkers in serum and whole blood can play a critical role in patient stratification strategies and during drug treatment. This method can be employed for monitoring both free (soluble) form and antibody drug‐bound Fuc‐GM1.
Chlorinated vapor intrusion indicators, tracers, and surrogates (ITS): Supplemental measurements for minimizing the number of chemical indoor air samples—Part 1: Vapor intrusion driving forces and related environmental factors
Authors: Schuver Henry J. , Lutes Chris , Kurtz Jeff , Holton Chase , Truesdale Robert S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVapor intrusion (VI) assessment is complicated by spatial and temporal variability, largely due to compounded interactions among the many individual factors that influence the vapor migration pathway from subsurface sources to indoor air. Past research on highly variable indoor air datasets demonstrates that conventional sampling schemes can result in false negative determinations of potential risk corresponding to reasonable maximum exposures (RME). While high‐frequency chemical analysis of individual chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in indoor air is conceptually appealing, it remains largely impractical when numerous buildings are involved and particularly for long‐term monitoring. As more is learned about the challenges with indoor air sampling for VI assessment, it has become clear that alternative approaches are needed to help guide discrete sampling efforts and reduce sampling requirements while maintaining acceptable confidence in exposure characterization. Indicators, tracers, and surrogates (ITS), which include a collection of quantifiable metrics and tools, have been suggested as a potential solution for making VI pathway assessment and long‐term monitoring more informative, efficient, and cost‐effective. This review, compilation, and evaluation of ITS demonstrates how even low numbers of indoor air CVOC samples can provide high levels of confidence for representing the RME levels (e.g., 95th percentile) often sought by regulatory agencies for less than chronic effects. A two‐part compilation of available evidence for select low‐cost ITS is presented, with Part 1 focused on introducing the concepts of ITS, meteorologically based ITS, and the evidence from data‐rich studies to support lower cost CVOC VI assessments. Part 1 includes the results of quantitative analyses on two robust residential building VI datasets, where numerous supplemental metrics were collected concurrently with indoor air concentration data. These are supplemented with additional less‐intensive studies in different circumstances. These analyses show that certain ITS metrics and tools, including differential temperature, differential pressure, and radon (in Part 2), can provide benefits to VI assessment and long‐term monitoring. This includes indicators that narrow the assessment period needed to capture RME conditions, tracers that enhance understanding of the conceptual site model, and aid in the identification of preferential pathways and surrogates that support or substitute for CVOC sampling results. The results of this review provide insight into the scientifically supportable uses of ITS.
Status of nanoremediation and its potential for future deployment: Risk‐benefit and benchmarking appraisals
Authors: Bardos Paul , Merly Corinne , Kvapil Petr , Koschitzky Hans‐Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNanoRem (Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment) was a research project, funded through the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme, which focuses on facilitating practical, safe, economic, and exploitable nanotechnology for in situ remediation of polluted soil and groundwater, which closed in January 2017. This article describes the status of the nanoremediation implementation and future opportunities for deployment based on risk‐benefit appraisal and benchmarking undertaken in the NanoRem Project. As of November 2016, NanoRem identified 100 deployments of nanoremediation in the field. While the majority of these are pilot‐scale deployments, there are a number of large scale deployments over the last five to 10 years. Most applications have been for plume control (i.e., pathway management in groundwater), but a number of source control measures appear to have taken place. Nanoremediation has been most frequently applied to problems of chlorinated solvents and metals (such as chromium VI). The perception of risk‐benefit balance for nanoremediation has shifted as the NanoRem Project has proceeded. Niche benefits are now more strongly recognized, and some (if not most) of the concerns, for example, relating to environmental risks of nanoremediation deployment, prevalent when the project was proposed and initiated, have been addressed. Indeed, these now appear overstated. However, it appears to remain the case that in some jurisdictions the use of nanoparticles remains less attractive owing to regulatory concerns and/or a lack of awareness, meaning that regulators may demand additional verification measures compared to technologies with which they have a greater level of comfort.
Gate‐Controlled Graphene–Silicon Schottky Junction Photodetector
Authors: Chang Kyoung Eun , Yoo Tae Jin , Kim Cihyun , Kim Yun Ji , Lee Sang Kyung , Kim So‐Young , Heo Sunwoo , Kwon Min Gyu , Lee Byoung Hun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVarious photodetectors showing extremely high photoresponsivity have been frequently reported, but many of these photodetectors could not avoid the simultaneous amplification of dark current. A gate‐controlled graphene–silicon Schottky junction photodetector that exhibits a high on/off photoswitching ratio (≈104), a very high photoresponsivity (≈70 A W−1), and a low dark current in the order of µA cm−2 in a wide wavelength range (395–850 nm) is demonstrated. The photoresponsivity is ≈100 times higher than that of existing commercial photodetectors, and 7000 times higher than that of graphene‐field‐effect transistor‐based photodetectors, while the dark current is similar to or lower than that of commercial photodetectors. This result can be explained by a unique gain mechanism originating from the difference in carrier transport characteristics of silicon and graphene.