bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Riboflavin at Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrodes Modified with an Anionic Surfactant
Authors: Tigari Girish , Manjunatha Jamballi G. , Raril Chenthatill , Hareesha Nagarajappa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA Sodium lauryl sulfate modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (SLSMCNTPE) was fabricated for the electroanalysis of Riboflavin (RF) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH, 7.0 by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrode was found to be a very sensitive tool for detection of RF; it was shown that SLSMCNTPE yields a high current response towards RF as compared to the bare carbon nanotube paste electrode (BCNTPE). Key parameters were optimized for RF determination. The effects of surfactant concentration, pH, scan rate and concentration of RF on the oxidation peak current values were determined. The RF oxidation peak appeared at −440 mV and reduction peak at −575 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The SLSMCNTPE revealed good repeatability, reproducibility, stability, high electrochemical sensitivity in its voltammetric response and a detection limit of 9.25×10‐8 M.
Self‐Supportive NiFe hydroxide with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Lulu , Pan Guangxing , Du Yue , Chen Shouhui , Wang Li 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHere, a facile method to prepare low‐cost self‐supportive NiFe hydroxide on etching galvanized sheet iron (EGSI) (FexNiyOOH/EGSI) for electrochemical water splitting was proposed for the first time. The EGSI was firstly treated in Fe2+, Ni2+ and urea mixture to obtain FexNiyOH/EGSI and then were further transformed into FexNiyOOH/EGSI by the electrooxidation in NaOH solution. SEM results indicated various morphologies including nanoflowers, nanosheets and cubes could be obtained depending on the ratio of Fe2+ and Ni2+. Raman spectra, XRD and electrochemical results indicated that the NiOOH was produced in electrooxidation process, which improved its catalytic activity of OER remarkably. Besides, modest Fe‐doping could make it achieve better catalytic activity because Fe‐doping could alter the redox properties of NiFe hydroxide to result in low overpotential. As a result, the FexNiyOOH/EGSI presented good OER and HER performances. The optimum Fe1.5Ni0.5OOH/EGSI as cathode and Fe0.2Ni1.8OOH/EGSI as anode were applied for water splitting, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm‐2 at 1.69 V, indicating that it could work at a lower potential.
Solution Route to Single‐Crystalline Ethylammonium Lead Halide Microstructures
Authors: Ma Dewei , Dai Ning , Lan Yuguo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic lead halide single crystals have shown great promise for their unique properties and potential applications in next‐generation optoelectronic devices. In this paper, solution syntheses of single‐crystalline ethylammonium lead halide microstructures were reported. The Br‐containing product grown at a low C2H5NH3Br concentration exhibits an interesting crossed‐plate morphology and possesses a chemical formula of (C2H5NH3)4Pb3Br10, yet the product synthesized at a high C2H5NH3Br concentration shows a block‐like morphology and adopts a chemical formula of (C2H5NH3)2PbBr4. The I‐containing product shows a rod or polyhedron shape and has the chemical formula of (C2H5NH3)PbI3. Time dependent experiments were carried out to reveal their growth mechanisms. The optical absorption spectra show that the (C2H5NH3)4Pb3Br10 and (C2H5NH3)2PbBr4 possess exciton absorptions at 2.95 eV and 3.19 eV, respectively. And the C2H5NH3PbI3 shows a much sharper exciton absorption at 2.61 eV.
A Facile and Green Pathway for One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Functionalized Spiroxyindoles using Caffeinium Hydrogen Sulfate as a Catalyst.
Authors: Agarwal Shalini , Kidwai Mazaahir , Nath Mahendra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper demonstrates an efficient, green and convenient strategy for the synthesis of densely functionalized biologically important spiroxyindoles. This facile step economic synthetic protocol involves one‐pot three component condensation of functionalized isatins, malononitrile and C−H activated carbonyl compounds in the presence of Caffeinium hydrogen sulfate (CHS) as a green acid catalyst to afford various spiroxyindole derivatives via domino Knoevenagel‐Michael‐cyclization sequence. This environmentally benign protocol provides various advantages viz operational simplicity, excellent yield processing, cost‐effectiveness and short reaction time. High selectivity, broad substrate scope, recyclability of the catalyst and isolation of final products via simple filtration and recrystallization procedure are the prominent features of the presented methodology.
RNA‐Capturing Microsphere Particles (R‐CAMPs) for Optimization of Functional Aptamers
Authors: Endoh Tamaki , Ohyama Tatsuya , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRNA aptamers are useful building blocks for constructing functional nucleic acid‐based nanoarchitectures. The abilities of aptamers to recognize specific ligands have also been utilized for various biotechnological applications. Solution conditions, which can differ depending on the application, impact the affinity of the aptamers, and thus it is important to optimize the aptamers for the solution conditions to be employed. To simplify the aptamer optimization process, an efficient method that enables re‐selection of an aptamer from a partially randomized library is developed. The process relies on RNA‐capturing microsphere particles (R‐CAMPs): each particle displays different clones of identical DNA and RNA sequences. Using a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, the R‐CAMPs that are linked to functional aptamers are sorted. It is demonstrated that after a single round of reselection, several functional aptamers, including the wild‐type, are selected from a library of 16 384 sequences. The selection using R‐CAMPs is further performed under the solution containing high concentration of ethylene glycol, suggesting applicability in various conditions to optimize an aptamer for a particular application. As any type of RNA clone can be displayed on the microspheres, the technology demonstrated here will be useful for the selection of RNAs based on diverse functions.
Incidence of kampo medicine‐induced interstitial pneumonia: 10 year retrospective study at a university hospital kampo medicine department
Authors: Nogami Tatsuya , Fujimoto Makoto , Shimada Yutaka , Watari Hidetoshi , Kitahara Hideyuki , Kimbara Yoshiyuki , Nakagawa Hajime , Shibahara Naotoshi 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAimAt present, traditional Japanese medicines, termed kampo medicines, are integrated into the Japanese national health‐care system. In Japan, interstitial pneumonia is described as an adverse drug event in the drug package insert of some prescription kampo formulations. Additionally, many of the kampo formulas that induce interstitial pneumonia contain Scutellariae Radix (SR). The incidence of kampo medicine‐induced interstitial pneumonia has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess the incidence of kampo medicine‐induced interstitial pneumonia in the kampo medicine department of a clinical institution.MethodsWe selected patients who had developed interstitial pneumonia due to kampo formulas on the basis of the medical records of the Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, from 2008 to 2017. Moreover, we investigated the number of patients who were prescribed kampo formulas and the number of patients who were prescribed kampo formulas containing SR during the study period.ResultsOf the 3590 patients who received kampo medications in the 10 year survey period, three patients developed kampo medicine‐induced interstitial pneumonia (incidence, 0.08%). The causal kampo formulas in all three of these cases contained SR. For the 1111 patients who were prescribed SR‐containing formulas, the incidence of kampo medicine‐induced interstitial pneumonia was 0.27%.ConclusionAlthough the incidence is not high, physicians should keep in mind that kampo formulas, particularly SR‐containing formulas, might cause kampo medicine‐induced interstitial pneumonia.
Differences in how macaques monitor others: Does serotonin play a central role?
Authors: Weinberg‐Wolf Hannah , Chang Steve W.C. 
Published: February 2019

Primates must balance the need to monitor other conspecifics to gain social information while not losing other resource opportunities. We consolidate evidence across the fields of primatology, psychology, and neuroscience to examine individual, population, and species differences in how primates, particularly macaques, monitor conspecifics. We particularly consider the role of serotonin in mediating social competency via social attention, aggression, and dominance behaviors. Finally, we consider how the evolution of variation in social tolerance, aggression, and social monitoring might be explained by differences in serotonergic function in macaques.This article is categorized under:
Economics > Interactive Decision‐Making
Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Neuroscience > Behavior
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Plastron‐mounted loggers predict terrestrial turtle body temperature better than carapace‐mounted loggers
Authors: Parlin Adam F. , Schaeffer Paul J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTStudies of thermal ecology are imperative for understanding habitat use and selection by animals and can inform management decisions for conservation of species and habitat. Chelonian thermal ecology studies have used carapace measurements as proxies for body temperatures despite recorded differences exceeding 5° C. Although implanting temperature loggers is the optimal method for measuring body temperature, performing implantation surgery is not always a feasible option. Additionally, differences in thermal properties of a carapace‐mounted temperature logger and turtle shell may alter how we interpret these data. We sought to validate a less invasive approach to measure body temperature in terrestrial chelonians using eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina; captured in southwestern Ohio, USA, during 2014 and 2015) to assess the accuracy and precision of external placements. Our goal was to determine the optimal external temperature logger placement for predicting body temperature and compare specific heat capacity of loggers and turtle shell to assess their use as proxies for body and microhabitat temperature. We found that placing the temperature logger on the plastron of the turtle was a better predictor of body temperature than using a carapace logger, and the combination of both loggers had the best predictive value. We argue that for thermal ecology studies informing management and conservation decisions in terrestrial chelonians, the carapace temperature logger is a better indicator of ambient temperature and the plastron temperature logger is a more appropriate proxy for body temperature. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Longest Common Substring with Approximately k Mismatches
Authors: Kociumaka Tomasz , Radoszewski Jakub , Starikovskaya Tatiana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the longest common substring problem, we are given two strings of length n and must find a substring of maximal length that occurs in both strings. It is well known that the problem can be solved in linear time, but the solution is not robust and can vary greatly when the input strings are changed even by one character. To circumvent this, Leimeister and Morgenstern introduced the problem of the longest common substring with k mismatches. Lately, this problem has received a lot of attention in the literature. In this paper, we first show a conditional lower bound based on the SETH hypothesis implying that there is little hope to improve existing solutions. We then introduce a new but closely related problem of the longest common substring with approximately k mismatches and use locality-sensitive hashing to show that it admits a solution with strongly subquadratic running time. We also apply these results to obtain a strongly subquadratic-time 2-approximation algorithm for the longest common substring with k mismatches problem and show conditional hardness of improving its approximation ratio.
Formal Subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: A Summary
Authors: Walker Mike , Gibbard Phil , Head Martin J. , Berkelhammer Max , Björck Svante , Cheng Hai , Cwynar Les C. , Fisher David , Gkinis Vasilios , Long Antony , Lowe John , Newnham Rewi , Rasmussen Sune Olander , Weiss Harvey 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Holocene Series/Epoch is the most recent series/epoch in the geological timescale, spanning the interval from 11,700 yr to the present day. Together with the subadjacent Pleistocene, it comprises the Quaternary System/Period. The Holocene record contains diverse geomorphological, biological, climatological and archaeological evidence, within sequences that are often continuous and extremely well-preserved at decadal, annual and even seasonal resolution. As a consequence, the Holocene is perhaps the most intensively-studied series/epoch within the entire Geological Time Scale. Yet until recently little attention had been paid to a formal subdivision of the Holocene. Here we describe an initiative by the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) to develop a formal stratigraphical subdivision of the Holocene, with three new stages/ages, two underpinned by Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs in an ice core, and a third in a speleothem. These stages/ages are defined together with their equivalent subseries/subepochs. The new stages/ages are the Greenlandian with its GSSP in the Greenland NGRIP2 ice core and dated at 11,700 yr b2k (before 2000 CE); the Northgrippian with its GSSP in the Greenland NGRIP1 ice core and dated to 8236 yr b2k; and the Meghalayan, with its GSSP in a speleothem from Mawmluh Cave, northeastern India, with a date of 4250 yr b2k. This subdivision was formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) on 14th June 2018.
Predicting Porosity by Multivariate Regression and Probabilistic Neural Network using Model-based and Coloured Inversion as External Attributes: A Quantitative Comparison
Authors: Maurya S. P. , Singh K. H. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The acoustic impedance (AI) inversion aims to obtain a high-resolution impedance volume by integrating well-log and band-limited seismic data. Two AI inversion schemes: the coloured inversion (CI) and the model-based inversion (MBI) are utilized to characterize possible sand channel from the post-stack seismic section and log data from 13 wells from the Blackfoot region, Alberta, Canada. The results from analyses indicate that both the model-based and coloured inversion methods provide mutually consistent impedance volumes with an average correlation coefficient of 0.986 and 0.886 for MBI and CI, respectively. Both inversions show low-impedances ranging from 6750-7350m/s*g/cc between 1060ms and 1065ms time interval which is interpreted as a sand channel. The slice of the acoustic impedance variation along all cross line and inline validates the presence of low impedances along the interpreted sand channel. Thereafter, the multivariate regression and the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) are employed to predict porosity volumes using CI and MBI inverted impedance as external attributes. The cross-plots between predicted porosities and actual porosities using multivariate regression and PNN algorithms indicate that PNN produces better statistical estimates of porosity distribution compared to those predicted from the multivariate regression. Both methods show high porosity values along the sand channel. The maximum porosity in the sand channel is 18% when MBI derived impedance is used as an external attribute while it is 16% in the case of CI. The results suggest that given seismic and well log data for a region, a combination of model-based inversion and PNN can produce a more reliable estimate of the petrophysical properties of the sub-surface.
The Relationship between Job Satisfaction, Financial Stress and Sufficient Retirement Savings of Near-Retirement Pastors in Southern Africa
Authors: Alsemgeest Liezel 
Published: February 2019

The juxtaposition clergy are placed in; in relation to their calling and the lack of emphasis that is placed on finances and consequently financial management, requires consideration. The objective of this article is to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, financial stress and adequate retirement savings of near-retirement pastors in Southern Africa. The method of data collection (quantitative) was executed by distributing structured questionnaires among South African Dutch Reformed pastors who are retiring within the next 5 years. The respondents indicated high levels of job satisfaction and low levels of stress, even though high percentages indicated that they are either uncertain or did not save enough money for retirement. It was found that there is a relationship between job satisfaction, financial stress and adequate retirement savings and that if clergy have adequate retirement savings, this will have a positive relationship with job satisfaction and financial stress. Clergy find themselves in a unique position towards their calling and their finances and therefore need a more structured approach to their personal financial management. Because their relationship with God and money is so distinctive, so should be the guidance they receive with regards to it.
Ethnoracial differences in Alzheimer's disease from the FLorida Autopsied Multi‐Ethnic (FLAME) cohort
Authors: Santos Octavio A. , Pedraza Otto , Lucas John A. , Duara Ranjan , Greig‐Custo Maria T. , Hanna Al‐Shaikh Fadi S. , Liesinger Amanda M. , Bieniek Kevin F. , Hinkle Kelly M. , Lesser Elizabeth R. , Crook Julia E. , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Ross Owen A. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Dickson Dennis W. , Murray Melissa E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionOur primary goal was to examine demographic and clinicopathologic differences across an ethnoracially diverse autopsy‐confirmed cohort of Alzheimer's disease cases.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in the Florida Autopsied Multi‐Ethnic cohort on 1625 Alzheimer's disease cases, including decedents who self‐reported as Hispanic/Latino (n = 67), black/African American (n = 19), and white/European American (n = 1539).ResultsHispanic decedents had a higher frequency of family history of cognitive impairment (58%), an earlier age at onset (median age of 70 years), longer disease duration (median of 12 years), and lower MMSE proximal to death (median of 4 points) compared with the other ethnoracial groups. Black decedents had a lower Braak tangle stage (stage V) and higher frequency of coexisting hippocampal sclerosis (21%); however, only hippocampal sclerosis differences survived adjustment for sex, age at onset, and disease duration. Neither Thal amyloid phase nor coexisting Lewy body disease differed across ethnoracial groups.DiscussionDespite a smaller sample size, Hispanics demonstrated longer disease duration with Alzheimer's disease, but not greater lifespan. Neuropathologic differences across ethnoracial groups supported differences in tau pathology distribution and coexisting hippocampal sclerosis, which may impact biomarker studies.
Niobium carbide for machining and wear protection – Evolution of properties
Authors: Woydt M. , Huang S. , Cannizza E. , Vleugels J. , Mohrbacher H. 
Published: February 2019

Basics about physical, mechanical and tribological properties of straight NbCs, including paths to tailor these properties, were layed down in Metal Powder Report, Vol. 71(4), 2016 and Vol. 71(5), 2016. The object is now to give an up-date on the progress in the key properties, like HV30, KIC and strength, followed by machining and tribological results of the respective NbC grades. The sales of niobium carbide (NbC) have grown in the last years from ∼350 tons p.a. to 500 tons p.a. recently, but NbC is still a hidden carbide and mainly used as grain growth inhibitor in hard metals. Another driver is the intention of hardmetal producers and downstream manufacturers to substitute tantalum carbide (TaC) by NbC in order to compensate the increased cobalt prices, which likely will persist on midterm.
ONCE AGAIN ON EPICURUS’ LETTER TO HERODOTUS §§ 39–40
Authors: Verde Francesco 
Published: February 2019

In this short note I would like to reflect again upon paragraphs 39–40 of Epicurus’ Letter to Herodotus and, more specifically, on the text printed in the last (superb and now indispensable) critical edition by Tiziano Dorandi, which I quote below together with the critical apparatus (758–9, lines 495–502):495 ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ (τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῇ Μεγάλῃ ἐπιτομῇ φησι κατ’ἀρχήν καὶ ἐν τῇ α′ Περὶ φύσεως) τὸ πᾶν ἐστι <σώματακαὶ κενόν>· σώματα μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἔστιν, αὐτὴ ἡ αἴσθησις ἐπὶπάντων μαρτυρεῖ, καθ’ ἣν ἀναγκαῖον τὸ ἄδηλον τῷλογισμῷ τεκμαίρεσθαι, ὥσπερ προεῖπον. [40] τόπος δὲ εἰ500 μὴ ἦν ὃ κενὸν καὶ χώραν καὶ ἀναφῆ φύσιν ὀνομάζομεν, οὐκἂν εἶχε τὰ σώματα ὅπου ἦν οὐδὲ δι’ οὗ ἐκινεῖτο, καθάπερφαίνεται κινούμενα.495–496 de scholiis glossematibusque in tribus Epicuri epistulis et in RS i, vid. Dorandi, Epicuro 277–8 496–497 σώματα καὶ κενόν duce Gass. (πῇ μὲν σῶμα, πῇ δὲ κενόν) suppl. V. d. Muehll: σώματα καὶ τόπος Us. Traditam lectionem defendere conatur Arndt 26. Vid. K. Algra, Elenchos 15 (1994) 100 et D. Obbink, Philodemus On Piety. Part 1 (1996) 338–9 497 σώματα ΦFP4: σώμα· τὰ BP1498 πάντων om. Φ 499 τόπος δὲ Us.: τὸ πρόσθε B1: τὸ πρόσθεν B2PΦ: πρόσθεν F Cf. Lucr. 1.426–7 (locus) et vid. Sedley, Phronesis (1982) 183–4 εἰ δὲ Φ (coni. Gass.) 500 ὃ Φ: ὃ* B2: ὃν B1, ut vid.: ὂν PF ὃ post κενὸν traiecit Φ προεῖπον τὸ πρόσθεν· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἦν ὃ κενὸν Brieger, Seele 5 Vid. Dorandi, Epicuro 282–4 501 ἦν B: εἴη ΦFP4: ἔνι P1(Q) 502 οὐδ’ Us.: οὔτε B2PF: ὅτε B1503 περιληπτικῶς rec.
Intraluminal three-dimensional optical coherence tomography – a tool for imaging of the Eustachian tube?
Authors: Schuon R , Mrevlje B , Vollmar B , Lenarz T , Paasche G 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe cause of Eustachian tube dysfunction often remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the feasibility and possible diagnostic use of optical coherence tomography in the Eustachian tube ex vivo.MethodsTwo female blackface sheep cadaver heads were examined bilaterally. Three conditions of the Eustachian tube were investigated: closed (resting position), actively opened and stented. The findings were compared (and correlated) with segmented histological cross-sections.ResultsIntraluminal placement of the Eustachian tube with the optical coherence tomography catheter was performed without difficulty. Regarding the limited infiltration depth of optical coherence tomography, tissues can be differentiated. The localisation of the stent was accurate as was the lumen.ConclusionThe application of optical coherence tomography in the Eustachian tube under these experimental conditions is considered to be a feasible, rapid and non-invasive diagnostic method, with possible diagnostic value for determining the luminal shape and superficial lining tissue of the Eustachian tube.