bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of core–shell nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic efficacy
Authors: Al‐Hussaini Ayman S , Eltabie Kareem R , Hassan Mohamed ER 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe current study establishes the unprecedented involvement in the evolution and production of novel core–shell nanocomposites composed of nanosized titanium dioxide and aniline‐o‐phenylenediamine copolymer. TiO2@copoly(aniline and o‐phenylenediamine) (TiO2@PANI‐o‐PDA) core–shell nanocomposites were chemically synthesized in a molar ratio of 5:1 of the particular monomers and several weights of nano‐TiO2 via oxidative copolymerization. The construction of the TiO2@PANI‐o‐PDA core–shell nanocomposites was ascertained from Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy and XRD. A reasonable thermal behavior for the original copolymer and the TiO2@PANI‐o‐PDA core–shell nanocomposites was investigated. The bare PANI‐o‐PDA copolymer was thermally less stable than the TiO2@PANI‐o‐PDA nanocomposites. The core–shell feature of the nanocomposites was found to have core and shell sizes of 17 nm and 19–26 nm, respectively. In addition, it was found that the addition of a high ratio of TiO2 nanoparticles increases the electrical conductivity and consequently lowers the electrical resistivity of the TiO2@PANI‐o‐PDA core–shell nanocomposites. The hybrid photocatalysts exhibit a dramatic photocatalytic efficacy of methylene blue degradation under solar light irradiation. A plausible interpretation of the photocatalytic degradation results of methylene blue is also demonstrated. Our setup introduces a facile, inexpensive, unique and efficient technique for developing new core–shell nanomaterials with various required functionalities and colloidal stabilities. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative Crotonylome Analysis Expands the Roles of p300 in the Regulation of Lysine Crotonylation Pathway
Authors: Huang He , Wang Dan‐Li , Zhao Yingming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a recently identified post‐translational modification (PTM) that is regulated by an acetyltransferase, p300. The p300‐catalyzed histone Kcr is able to stimulate transcription to a greater degree than the well‐studied histone lysine acetylation (Kac). Despite these progresses, the global Kcr substrates regulated by p300 remain largely unknown, hindering efforts to establish mechanistic links between Kcr and p300‐mediated phenotypes. Here, a quantitative proteomics study to characterize the p300‐regulated lysine crotonylome is reported. A total of 816 unique endogenous crotonylation sites are identified across 392 proteins, with 88 sites from 69 proteins being decreased by more than 0.7‐fold (log2 < 0.5) and 31 sites from 17 proteins being increased by more than 1.4‐fold (log2 > 0.5) in response to p300 knockout (KO). The most downregulated crotonylome alterations under p300 deficiency concern components of the nonsense‐mediated decay, infectious disease, and viral/eukaryotic translation pathways. Moreover, some p300‐targeted Kcr substrates are potentially linked to diseases such as cancer. Taken together, this study reveals the lysine crotonylome in response to p300, which sheds light on the role for lysine crotonylation in regulation of diverse cellular processes and provides new insights into mechanisms of p300 functions.
Platelet Releasate Proteome Profiling Reveals a Core Set of Proteins with Low Variance between Healthy Adults
Authors: Parsons Martin E. M. , Szklanna Paulina B. , Guerrero Jose A. , Wynne Kieran , Dervin Feidhlim , O'Connell Karen , Allen Seamus , Egan Karl , Bennett Cavan , McGuigan Christopher , Gheveart Cedric , Ní Áinle Fionnuala , Maguire Patricia B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUpon activation, platelets release a powerful cocktail of soluble and vesicular signals, collectively termed the "platelet releasate" (PR). Although several studies have used qualitative/quantitative proteomic approaches to characterize PR; with debated content and significant inter‐individual variability reported, confident, and reliable insights have been hindered. Using label‐free quantitative (LFQ)‐proteomics analysis, a reproducible, quantifiable investigation of the 1U mL−1 thrombin‐induced PR from 32 healthy adults was conducted. MS proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD009310. Of the 894 proteins identified, 277 proteins were quantified across all donors and form a "core" PR. Bioinformatics and further LFQ‐proteomic analysis revealed that the majority (84%) of "core" PR proteins overlapped with the protein composition of human platelet‐derived exosomes. Vesicles in the exosomal‐size range were confirmed in healthy‐human PR and reduced numbers of similar‐sized vesicles were observed in the PR of a mouse model of gray platelet syndrome, known to be deficient in platelet alpha‐granules. Lastly, the variability of proteins in the PR was assessed, and reproducible secretion levels were found across all 32 healthy donors. Taken together, the PR contains valuable soluble and vesicular cargo and has low‐population variance among healthy adults, rendering it a potentially useful platform for diagnostic fingerprinting of platelet‐related disease.
Mechanistic and kinetic study on the reaction of Furan with O(3P)
Authors: Zhang Yunju , Sun Yuxi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ab initio and DFT methods together with the multichannel RRKM‐TST theories with the FORTRAN code were employed to investigate the mechanisms and kinetics of Furan + O(3P) reaction. Eight product channels (2 H‐abstraction product channels and 6 addition/elimination product channels) have been identified, and the addition/elimination is dominant both thermodynamic and kinetic consideration. The major channels are the O(3P) addition to the (α)‐C and (β)‐C atom of Furan to form IM1 and IM2, and then dissociate to P1 + H and P4 + H by breaking (α)‐C―H and (β)‐C―H bond, respectively. The rate constants vary with temperature, and the total rate constants exhibit positive temperature dependence. The calculated results indicated that the total rate constants were not affected by pressure and the individual rate constants were affected by pressure.
Compressed 3D Image Information and Communication Security
Authors: Yang Chengshuai , Ding Yuyang , Liang Jinyang , Cao Fengyan , Qi Dalong , Jia Tianqing , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian , Chen Wei , Yin Zhenqiang , Wang Shuang , Han Zhengfu , Guo Guangcan , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnsuring information and communication security in military messages, government instructions, scientific experiments, as well as in personal data processing, is critical. In this study, a new hybrid classical–quantum cryptographic scheme to protect image information and communication security is developed by combining a quantum key distribution (QKD) and compressed sensing (CS). This method employs a QKD system to generate true random codes among the remote legitimate users and utilizes these random codes to encrypt and decrypt compressed 3D image information based on the CS algorithm. Therefore, this new technique can provide computational security in the image information transmission process by the encryption and decryption of CS algorithm, and the information and communication security can be evaluated in real time by monitoring the QKD system. Furthermore, this technique can directly transmit and reconstruct the compressed 3D image information based on the modified TwIST algorithm, and thus fewer random codes are required in QKD system, which can improve the information transmission bandwidth. Consequently, this technique not only provides a new application of a QKD system but also extends the CS‐based image reconstruction from 2D to 3D. This study may open a new opportunity in the field of information and security communication.
Global stabilization of a class of cascaded systems with upper‐triangular structures
Authors: Lan Qixun , Ding Shihong , Li Shihua 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the global stabilization problem of a class of cascaded systems with upper‐triangular structures is considered. On the basis of the forwarding technique, a series of virtual controllers are recursively constructed for the driving subsystem. According to the mild assumption imposed on the driven subsystem, a partial‐state feedback controller is obtained for the entire cascaded nonlinear system by developing a delicate design fashion. It is shown that the obtained state feedback controller will render the entire cascaded nonlinear system globally asymptotically stable. Numerical examples are conducted to validate the proposed control scheme.
Identity negotiation within peer groups during an informal engineering education program: The central role of leadership‐oriented youth
Authors: Pattison Scott A. , Gontan Ivel , Ramos‐Montañez Smirla , Moreno Lauren 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs part of ongoing efforts to support a diverse and robust engineering workforce and ensure that children and adults from all communities have the engineering and design thinking skills to succeed in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)‐rich world, identity has become a growing focus of research and education efforts. To advance our understanding of engineering‐related identity negotiation within informal STEM education contexts, we conducted an in‐depth, qualitative investigation of six adolescent girls participating in an afterschool engineering education program jointly run by two community‐based organizations and a science center. Building on the Identity‐Frame Model developed through our prior work, analysis of videotaped program sessions and secondary data from participants, program facilitators, and parents highlighted the important role that leadership‐oriented youth played in shaping the identity negotiation of participants during the programs, both in the ways they recognized and positioned the situated identities of other youth and through their influence on the activity frames that defined the nature of the engineering activities. These findings extend prior classroom studies and suggest a new lens to help teachers and program facilitators support identity negotiation for youth in STEM education programs.
Persistence of the two‐worlds pitfall: Learning to teach within and across settings
Authors: Braaten Melissa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLearning to teach within and across the settings of teacher education coursework and field experience in local schools is subject to the “two‐worlds pitfall,” where practices, norms, expectations, tools, and other aspects of teaching can be jarringly different. This remains an ever‐present dilemma for preservice teachers, their teacher educators, and their school‐based mentors. This collective case study follows two cohorts of secondary science teacher candidates (22 in total) through their field experiences in local schools to understand how they reorganized, repurposed, and retooled practice as they worked on noticing and responding to students using ambitious science teaching principles and practices. Analysis highlights how instructional experiences in K–12 classrooms and relationships with mentors afforded and constrained preservice teachers’ efforts to recontextualize ambitious science teaching practices in the status quo science teaching contexts of local schools. Recommendations for increasing permeability between the two worlds of teacher preparation are included.
Gender disparities in students’ motivational experiences in high school science classrooms
Authors: Patall Erika A. , Steingut Rebecca R. , Freeman Jen L. , Pituch Keenan A. , Vasquez Ariana C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWomen remain underrepresented in physical science, engineering, and computer science college majors and careers. Prior research has suggested that motivational beliefs and experiences in high school play a critical role in girls’ persistence in science fields. We hypothesized that compared to male students, female high school students may experience less daily autonomy support from teachers and lower psychological need satisfaction in physics, chemistry, and engineering courses. In turn, we expected that these differences would explain girls’ lower daily engagement in these courses compared to boys. In line with current trends indicating gender parity in biology and biomedical fields, we did not expect to find gender differences in biology courses. Results from a six‐week intensive longitudinal study in which high school students reported their daily experiences of teacher autonomy support, need satisfaction, and engagement during science class supported our hypotheses. The implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed.
XPS study of the SnO2 films modified with Rh
Authors: Korotcenkov G. , Brinzari V. , Hanyš P. , Nehasil V. 
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we have analyzed the effect of the rhodium surface modification on the surface state of SnO2 films. SnO2 films, subjected for the surface modification, were deposited by spray pyrolysis, while Rh was deposited by using a microelectron beam evaporation. The thickness of the Rh coating varied in the range 0 to 0.1 monolayer. An explanation of the observed effects was proposed. Basing on the results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was assumed that at a small thickness of the rhodium covering, Rh was in a the well‐dispersed state, close to atomically dispersed state. The growth in the size of the nanoparticles began mainly when the thickness of the Rh covering exceeeded 0.01 monolayer. The size of clusters did not exceed 0.5 to 1.0 nm.
Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of fossil snake mackerels and cutlassfishes (Trichiuroidea) from the Eocene (Ypresian) London Clay Formation
Authors: Beckett Hermione T. , Giles Sam , Johanson Zerina , Friedman Matt 
Published: June 2018

Abstract‘Gempylids’ (snake mackerels) and trichiurids (cutlassfishes) are pelagic fishes characterized by slender to eel‐like bodies, deep‐sea predatory ecologies, and large fang‐like teeth. Several hypotheses of relationships between these groups have been proposed, but a consensus remains elusive. Fossils attributed to ‘gempylids’ and trichiurids consist almost exclusively of highly compressed body fossils and isolated teeth and otoliths. We use micro‐computed tomography to redescribe two three‐dimensional crania, historically assigned to †Eutrichiurides winkleri and †Progempylus edwardsi, as well as an isolated braincase (NHMUK PV OR 41318). All from the London Clay Formation (Eocene, Ypresian), these specimens represent some of the oldest fossils identified as trichiuroids. We find that †Eutrichiurides winkleri does not show diagnostic characters of †Eutrichiurides, and it is assigned to a new genus. To investigate the placement of these fossils relative to extant lineages, we combine existing morphological character sets for ‘gempylids’ and trichiurids along with published mitogenomic data. Our analyses recover a monophyletic Trichiuridae nested within a paraphyletic ‘Gempylidae’. The taxon formerly known as †Eutrichiurides winkleri is considered Trichiuroidea incertae sedis, while †Progempylus edwardsi and NHMUK PV OR 41318 are recovered within the ‘gempylid’ grade. Using previously published descriptions and character optimizations from our phylogenetic analyses we suggest possible placements for laterally compressed body fossils assigned to Trichiuroidea (†Argestichthys, †Abadzekhia, †Chelifichthys, †Anenchelum, †Eutrichiurides, †Musculopedunculus).
Opening the Selectivity Pocket in the Human Lysine Deacetylase Sirtuin2 – New Opportunities, New Questions
Authors: Robaa Dina , Monaldi Daria , Wössner Nathalie , Kudo Norio , Rumpf Tobias , Schiedel Matthias , Yoshida Minoru , Jung Manfred 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReversible lysine deacetylation is exerted by both zinc and NAD+‐dependent deacetylases. It is an important factor in epigenetic regulation and more generally in the posttranslational regulation of protein stability, association and activity. Some of these enzymes can also cleave off fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids from lysines in proteins. The NAD+‐dependent deacetylases are termed Sirtuins and are implicated in the pathogenesis of different diseases. For the isotype Sirt2 highly selective inhibitors have been identified in the last few years. Many of those Sirt2 selective compounds, like the Sirtuin rearranging ligands (SirReals) discovered in our group, have been shown or are postulated to bind to the so‐called selectivity pocket. This binding site is not observed in crystal structures of the apo‐enzyme but can be opened up by long chain fatty acid substrates respectively suitable inhibitors. Recently, this unique feature of Sirt2 was exploited to provide highly potent and selective tools for the chemical biology of Sirtuins. Here, we shortly review Sirtuin biology, present inhibitors that have either been confirmed or postulated to bind to the selectivity pocket, their applications and an outlook regarding mechanistic investigations.
Community perceptions of climate change and initiatives for the conservation of endemic plants in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Rankoana Sejabaledi A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine how climate change is perceived by a rural community in Limpopo Province, South Africa, and to investigate how such changes affect endemic plant species upon which community members depend for their livelihoods. The initiatives employed by community members to preserve endemic plants which have cultural value are also examined. The results of the study were obtained from semi‐structured interviews with traditional health practitioners and other community members. It was found that participants’ perceptions of the current state of climate change were linked to their observations of changes in temperature and rainfall patterns. Interviewees reported having experienced rising temperatures in the form of an increased frequency of excessively hot summers, as well as warmer winters. Rainfall was described as scarce, and rain episodes were characterised by more frequent thunderstorms. These observations have been confirmed in an independent analysis of meteorological observations by Ziervogel et al. (2014), who found that the mean annual temperature has increased by at least 1.5‐fold over the past five decades, and that extreme rainfall events have increased in frequency. The consequences of these changes in temperature and rainfall are significant and mostly negative, including poor plant growth, the withering of immature plants and the total loss of some useful species. However, members of this rural community have adopted indigenous conservation practices to limit the risk of indigenous plant loss and to maintain their cultural usage. Conservation practices adopted in the study area include the observance of cultural taboos, as well as other traditional customs, which restrict the harvesting and collection of useful plant materials.
Glial acetate metabolism is increased following a 72-h fast in metabolically healthy men and correlates with susceptibility to hypoglycemia
Authors: McDougal David Harry , Darpolor Moses Morakortoi , DuVall Marina Andreyevna , Sutton Elizabeth Frost , Morrison Christopher David , Gadde Kishore Murali , Redman Leanne Maree , Carmichael Owen Thomas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Aims
Prior exposure to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was shown to increase glial acetate metabolism (GAM) during subsequent exposure to hypoglycemia in diabetic individuals. However, it remained unclear whether this effect was dependent on the disease state or the antecedent cause of hypoglycemia. We aimed to establish whether exposure to fasting-induced hypoglycemia was sufficient to produce alterations in GAM in non-diabetic individuals.

Methods
GAM was measured via carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy during infusion of [1-13C] acetate before and after a 72-h fast in six metabolically healthy men. All participants were male, aged 18–40 years, with a Body Mass Index of 20.0–27.9 kg/m2, who consented to reside at Pennington Biomedical Research Center for 4 days. The main outcome measure was the percent enhancement of cerebral [1-13C] bicarbonate (the primary metabolic byproduct of glial oxidation of [1-13C] acetate). Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure hypoglycemic episodes during the 72-h fast.

Results
As expected, 72 h of fasting significantly reduced blood glucose levels and resulted in a high frequency of hypoglycemic episodes. Steady-state GAM increased from 53.5 ± 3.7 to 61.9 ± 1.7% following the 72-h fast (p = 0.005). This increase correlated with greater duration of hypoglycemia experienced during the fast (r = 0.967). In addition, subjects with greater GAM at baseline experienced a greater increase in the duration of hypoglycemia experienced during the 72-h fast (r = 0.979).

Conclusions
GAM has potential as a biomarker for susceptibility to hypoglycemic episodes.

Trail registration
Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02690168.
From Pre-Colonial Past to the Post-Colonial Present: The Contemporary Clan-Based Configurations of Statebuilding in Somalia
Authors: Ingiriis Mohamed Haji 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:This article is driven by an empirical paradox over where Somalia came from (pre-colonial clan-states) and where it ended up (return to pre-colonial clano-territorial conflicts). Existing academic studies on contemporary Somalia, which were supposed to provide critical analysis, continue to applaud the creation of clan-states within the failed state of Somalia. Based on a variety of unique primary sources, this article offers a new perspective on the current state formation processes occurring in the purview of the Somali State. Somali clans are determined to come to terms with the state collapse by averting the return to political power of the detested military regime, which was led by one clan-based leadership that tended to terrorize other rival clans and denied any equal power- and resource-sharing framework. Conceptualizing the contemporary Somali state as similar to pre-colonial clan-sultanates, this article argues that contemporary Somalis are reverting to a pre-colonial realm where each clan had its clan sultan seeking for a clan-state of its own right. Where else do clan-states compete against each other in entering into “treaties” with external entities intent on exploiting war-torn Somalia astabula rasa? It is towards the objective of answering this question and of providing a better understanding of the Somali conflict that this article is offered to add a comparative empirical understanding of the different trajectories of state formations in Somalia.
Transport Flying-Boats
Authors: Shenstone B. S. 
Published: June 2018

When I was young and in my prime,The Boats were flying all the time.But now that I am old and gray,Those Boats, like me, have had their Day.The first time I saw flying-boats close-up was in 1928. The first was an old Curtiss HS2L being used in Tima-gami for forest fire patrol in northern Canada. Designed in about 1916, this antique was at the end of its tether, but was doing a job that no other aircraft could do until a replacement became available. The second flying-boat I saw was this replacement, the Canadian Vickers Vedette, another single-engined pusher biplane, but a much better one.