bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Comorbidity on Physical Function in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis Attending Rheumatology Clinics: Results From a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Fernández‐Carballido Cristina , Martín‐Martínez María A. , García‐Gómez Carmen , Castañeda Santos , González‐Juanatey Carlos , Sánchez‐Alonso Fernando , García de Vicuña Rosario , Erausquin‐Arruabarrena Celia , López‐Longo Javier , Sánchez María D. , Corrales Alfonso , Quesada‐Masachs Estefanía , Chamizo Eugenio , Barbadillo Carmen , Bachiller‐Corral Javier , Cobo‐Ibañez Tatiana , Turrión Ana , Giner Emilio , Llorca Javier , González‐Gay Miguel A. ,   Cardiovascular in Rheumatology Project Collaborative Group
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of comorbidities on physical function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of the baseline visit from the Cardiovascular in Rheumatology study. Multivariate models with physical function as the dependent variable (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index and Health Assessment Questionnaire for AS and PsA, respectively) were performed. Independent variables were a proxy for the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCIp; range 0–27), sociodemographic data, disease activity (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI] in AS; Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28] using the ESR in PsA), disease duration, radiographic damage, and treatments. Results were reported as beta coefficients, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and P values.ResultsWe included 738 patients with AS and 721 with PsA; 21% of patients had >1 comorbidity. Comorbidity burden (CCIp) was independently associated with worse adjusted physical function in patients with PsA (β = 0.11). Also, female sex (β = 0.14), disease duration (β = 0.01), disease activity (DAS28‐ESR; β = 0.19), and the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (β = 0.09), glucocorticoids (β = 0.11), and biologics (β = 0.15) were associated with worse function in patients with PsA. A higher education level was associated with less disability (β = –0.14). In patients with AS, age (β = 0.03), disease activity (BASDAI; β = 0.81), radiographic damage (β = 0.61), and the use of biologics (β = 0.51) were independently associated with worse function on multivariate analyses, but CCIp was not.ConclusionThe presence of comorbidities in patients with PsA is independently associated with worse physical function. The detection and control of the comorbidities may yield an integral management of the disease.
Combined Light and Electric Response of Topographic Liquid Crystal Network Surfaces
Authors: Feng Wei , Broer Dirk J. , Liu Danqing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn approach is proposed to create robust liquid crystalline polymer coatings that exhibit sensitivity and dynamic reversibility toward multiple external stimuli including UV irradiation and electrical input. This coating spontaneously alters its surface topographic texture and thickness in response to each of these signals. The corresponding deformations are induced by the photo‐/electromechanical properties and dielectric anisotropy in the liquid crystal networks through order parameter reduction and anisotropic volume expansions. The deformation proceeds fast within several seconds both for activation and for the relaxation to the initial state upon switching the trigger(s) on and off. Light and electric field can be applied independently to excite the topographies or in a synergistic manner to enhance the deformation amplitude. Upon elimination of the combined light and electric actuating trigger, the relaxation to the initial close to flat state follows a complex pathway. Depending on the elimination order the topographic structure can be rapidly erased or can be kept in a bistable state. The results of this study are relevant for various fields, for instance, switchable controlled friction, controlled adhesion, and release of objects and haptics where they affect human perception both in passive and dynamic manner.
Understanding the Charge Storage Mechanism to Achieve High Capacity and Fast Ion Storage in Sodium‐Ion Capacitor Anodes by Using Electrospun Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Fibers
Authors: Yan Runyu , Josef Elinor , Huang Haijian , Leus Karen , Niederberger Markus , Hofmann Jan P. , Walczak Ralf , Antonietti Markus , Oschatz Martin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicroporous nitrogen‐rich carbon fibers (HAT‐CNFs) are produced by electrospinning a mixture of hexaazatriphenylene‐hexacarbonitrile (HAT‐CN) and polyvinylpyrrolidone and subsequent thermal condensation. Bonding motives, electronic structure, content of nitrogen heteroatoms, porosity, and degree of carbon stacking can be controlled by the condensation temperature due to the use of the HAT‐CN with predefined nitrogen binding motives. The HAT‐CNFs show remarkable reversible capacities (395 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and rate capabilities (106 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) as an anode material for sodium storage, resulting from the abundant heteroatoms, enhanced electrical conductivity, and rapid charge carrier transport in the nanoporous structure of the 1D fibers. HAT‐CNFs also serve as a series of model compounds for the investigation of the contribution of sodium storage by intercalation and reversible binding on nitrogen sites at different rates. There is an increasing contribution of intercalation to the charge storage with increasing condensation temperature which becomes less active at high rates. A hybrid sodium‐ion capacitor full cell combining HAT‐CNF as the anode and salt‐templated porous carbon as the cathode provides remarkable performance in the voltage range of 0.5–4.0 V (95 Wh kg−1 at 0.19 kW kg−1 and 18 Wh kg−1 at 13 kW kg−1).
On‐Demand Preparation of α‐Phase‐Dominated Tungsten Films for Highly Qualified Thermal Reflectors
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zang Rui , Gao Junhua , Liu Chen , Wang Lei , Gong Wenbin , Zha Xianhu , Chen Xingqiu , Huang Feng , Javaid Kashif , Xu Zhi , Cao Hongtao , Rogachev Alexander A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhase‐structure diversity affords tungsten thin films with fascinating physical/chemical properties for varied applications. However, the on‐demand preparation of W films with specific phase is still an important but unmet scientific issue. In this report, an easy‐to‐achieve preparation recipe is implemented for addressing the phase tailoring of tungsten films. The phase transformation evolution during deposition is governed by enhanced diffusion of W adatoms and selective atomic etching on the crystal planes. It is experimentally demonstrated that the orientation relation between {210}β and {110}α planes plays a vital role in coupling with the competitive growth behaviors between β‐ and α‐W. The phase‐dependent electrical/optical properties of W films are experimentally observed and unambiguously figured out by theoretical simulations. Alpha‐phase‐dominated W films are prepared successfully under relatively tolerant conditions, demonstrating a low resistivity of ≈13.6 µΩ cm and a high infrared reflectance larger than 93%. Alpha‐W also serves as thermal reflector to construct a solar absorber, exhibiting a low thermal emissivity of ≈9.8%@500 °C. Understanding the (α, β) phase transformation mechanism means a big step forward in the development of the on‐demand preparation, which allows to build a scalable platform for making W films with specific phase in a more controllable way.
Topology Optimization of Photonic and Phononic Crystals and Metamaterials: A Review
Authors: Li Weibai , Meng Fei , Chen Yafeng , Li Yang fan , Huang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature and trends on the design of periodic microstructural composite materials including photonic crystals (PtCs), phononic crystals (PnCs), and metamaterials (MMs) by topology optimization. The properties of these materials rely highly on the constitutive materials and their spatial distributions and the resulting materials may exhibit various special properties, for example, photonic/phononic band gaps, negative permittivity/permeability, negative effective modulus, and negative refraction. Therefore, PtCs, PnCs, and MMs can be viewed as structural materials with periodic unit cells, the design of which is a typical topology optimization problem for desired properties or functionalities. In recent years, a great amount of research has implemented topology optimization for designing these structural materials as well as the associated functional devices. This review summarizes the most recent development in topology optimization of PtCs, PnCs, and MMs and the possible directions for future research are recommended.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Stable γ‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Layers for Solar Cells Obtained by High Throughput Experimentation
Authors: Becker Pascal , Márquez José A. , Just Justus , Al‐Ashouri Amran , Hages Charles , Hempel Hannes , Jošt Marko , Albrecht Steve , Frahm Ronald , Unold Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe structural phases and optoelectronic properties of coevaporated CsPbI3 thin films with a wide range of [CsI]/[PbI2] compositional ratios are investigated using high throughput experimentation and gradient samples. It is found that for CsI‐rich growth conditions, CsPbI3 can be synthesized directly at low temperature into the distorted perovskite γ‐CsPbI3 phase without detectable secondary phases. In contrast, PbI2‐rich growth conditions are found to lead to the non‐perovskite δ‐phase. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and optical‐pump THz‐probe mapping show carrier lifetimes larger than 75 ns and charge carrier (sum) mobilities larger than 60 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the γ‐phase, indicating their suitability for high efficiency solar cells. The dependence of the carrier mobilities and luminescence peak energy on the Cs‐content in the films indicates the presence of Schottky defect pairs, which may cause the stabilization of the γ‐phase. Building on these results, p–i–n type solar cells with a maximum efficiency exceeding 12% and high shelf stability of more than 1200 h are demonstrated, which in the future could still be significantly improved, judging on their bulk optoelectronic properties.
Improving the classification of neuropsychiatric conditions using gene ontology terms as features
Authors: Quinn Thomas P. , Lee Samuel C. , Venkatesh Svetha , Nguyen Thin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough neuropsychiatric disorders have an established genetic background, their molecular foundations remain elusive. This has prompted many investigators to search for explanatory biomarkers that can predict clinical outcomes. One approach uses machine learning to classify patients based on blood mRNA expression. However, these endeavors typically fail to achieve the high level of performance, stability, and generalizability required for clinical translation. Moreover, these classifiers can lack interpretability because not all genes have relevance to researchers. For this study, we hypothesized that annotation‐based classifiers can improve classification performance, stability, generalizability, and interpretability. To this end, we evaluated the models of four classification algorithms on six neuropsychiatric data sets using four annotation databases. Our results suggest that the Gene Ontology Biological Process database can transform gene expression into an annotation‐based feature space that is accurate and stable. We also show how annotation features can improve the interpretability of classifiers: as annotations are used to assign biological importance to genes, the biological importance of annotation‐based features are the features themselves. In evaluating the annotation features, we find that top ranked annotations tend contain top ranked genes, suggesting that the most predictive annotations are a superset of the most predictive genes. Based on this, and the fact that annotations are used routinely to assign biological importance to genetic data, we recommend transforming gene‐level expression into annotation‐level expression prior to the classification of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Apodization‐Assisted Subdiffraction Near‐Field Localization in 2D Phase Diffraction Grating
Authors: Geints Yuri E. , Minin Oleg V. , Minin Igor V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConventional phase diffraction gratings can be used to localize the incoming optical radiation in the near‐field region. A new design of the binary phase diffraction grating is proposed with embedded pupil opaque mask inside each stripe. By means of numerical simulations, it is shown that with this masked phase grating the spatial resolution of the near‐field localization can be substantially improved and brought even beyond the solid immersion limit (λ/2n). Moreover, due to anomalous apodization effect, the subdiffraction field localization is accompanied by intensity enhancement as compared to the non‐masked design. The pupil mask rearranges the optical fluxes within the stripes and promotes the Fano resonances excitation in the periodic step lattice. This can be important for advancing the phase grating‐based super‐resolution technologies, including subdiffraction imaging, interferometry, and surface fabrication.
Exploring a Route to Cyclic Acenes by On‐Surface Synthesis
Authors: Schulz Fabian , García Fátima , Kaiser Katharina , Pérez Dolores , Guitián Enrique , Gross Leo , Peña Diego 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA route to generate cyclacenes by on‐surface synthesis is explored. We started by synthesizing two tetraepoxycyclacenes by sequences of Diels–Alder cycloadditions. Subsequently, these molecules were deposited onto Cu(111) and scanning‐tunneling‐microscopy(STM)‐based atom manipulation was employed to dissociate the oxygen atoms. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with CO‐functionalized tips enabled the detailed characterization of the reaction products and revealed that, at most, two oxygens per molecule could be removed. Importantly, our experimental results suggest that the generation of cyclacenes by the described route might be possible for larger epoxycyclacenes.
C−H Arylation on Nickel Nanoparticles Monitored by In Situ Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yonglong , Hu Yanfang , Shi Faxing , Li Haixia , Xie Wei , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBifunctional Au@Ni core–satellite nanostructures synthesized by a one‐step assembly method were employed for in situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) monitoring of Ni‐catalyzed C−C bond‐forming reactions. Surprisingly, the reaction that was thought to be an Ullmann‐type self‐coupling reaction, was found to be a cross‐coupling reaction proceeding by photoinduced aromatic C−H bond arylation. In situ SERS monitoring enabled the discovery, and a series of biphenyl compounds were synthesized photocatalytically, and at room temperature, using cheap Ni nanoparticle catalysts.
Paired Electrocatalytic Oxygenation and Hydrogenation of Organic Substrates with Water as the Oxygen and Hydrogen Source
Authors: Zhang Peili , Sheng Xia , Chen Xiaoyu , Fang Zhiyong , Jiang Jian , Wang Mei , Li Fusheng , Fan Lizhou , Ren Yansong , Zhang Biaobiao , Timmer Brian J. J. , Ahlquist Mårten S. G. , Sun Licheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe use of water as an oxygen and hydrogen source for the paired oxygenation and hydrogenation of organic substrates to produce valuable chemicals is of utmost importance as a means of establishing green chemical syntheses. Inspired by the active Ni3+ intermediates involved in electrocatalytic water oxidation by nickel‐based materials, we prepared NiBx as a catalyst and used water as the oxygen source for the oxygenation of various organic compounds. NiBx was further employed as both an anode and a cathode in a paired electrosynthesis cell for the respective oxygenation and hydrogenation of organic compounds, with water as both the oxygen and hydrogen source. Conversion efficiency and selectivity of ≥99 % were observed during the oxygenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid and the simultaneous hydrogenation of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol. This paired electrosynthesis cell has also been coupled to a solar cell as a stand‐alone reactor in response to sunlight.
Hydrogenative Cyclopropanation and Hydrogenative Metathesis
Authors: Peil Sebastian , Guthertz Alexandre , Biberger Tobias , Fürstner Alois 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe unusual geminal hydrogenation of a propargyl alcohol derivative with [CpXRuCl] as the catalyst entails formation of pianostool ruthenium carbenes in the first place; these reactive intermediates can be intercepted with tethered alkenes to give either cyclopropanes or cyclic olefins as the result of a formal metathesis event. The course of the reaction is critically dependent on the substitution pattern of the alkene trap.
Development of a Universal Fluorescent Probe for Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Kwon Haw‐Young , Liu Xiao , Choi Eun Gyeong , Lee Jung Yeol , Choi So‐Young , Kim Jun‐Young , Wang Lu , Park Sung‐Jin , Kim Beomsue , Lee Yong‐An , Kim Jong‐Jin , Kang Nam Young , Chang Young‐Tae 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe rapid and sensitive classification of bacteria is the first step of bacterial community research and the treatment of infection. Herein, a fluorescent probe BacGO is presented, which shows the best universal selectivity for Gram‐positive bacteria among known probes with a minimum staining procedure for sample detection and enrichment of the live bacteria. BacGO could also be used to assess of the Gram status in the bacterial community from wastewater sludge. Furthermore, BacGO could sensitively and selectively detect a Gram‐positive bacterial infection, not only in vitro but also using an in vivo keratitis mouse model. BacGO provides an unprecedented research tool for the study of dynamic bacterial communities and for clinical application.
Alkyne gem‐Hydrogenation: Formation of Pianostool Ruthenium Carbene Complexes and Analysis of Their Chemical Character
Authors: Biberger Tobias , Gordon Christopher P. , Leutzsch Markus , Peil Sebastian , Guthertz Alexandre , Copéret Christophe , Fürstner Alois 
Published: April 2019

AbstractParahydrogen (p‐H2) induced polarization (PHIP) NMR spectroscopy showed that [CpXRu] complexes with greatly different electronic properties invariably engage propargyl alcohol derivatives into gem‐hydrogenation with formation of pianostool ruthenium carbenes; in so doing, less electron rich CpX rings lower the barriers, stabilize the resulting complexes and hence provide opportunities for harnessing genuine carbene reactivity. The chemical character of the resulting ruthenium complexes was studied by DFT‐assisted analysis of the chemical shift tensors determined by solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The combined experimental and computational data draw the portrait of a family of ruthenium carbenes that amalgamate purely electrophilic behavior with characteristics more befitting metathesis‐active Grubbs‐type catalysts.
Mitochondria, metabolic control and microRNA: Advances in understanding amphibian freeze tolerance
Authors: Storey Kenneth B. , Storey Janet M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWinter survival for many animal species depends freeze tolerance, a capacity to endure the conversion of as much as 65–70% of total body water into extracellular ice while reorganizing metabolism to provide cells with cryoprotection against insults that include prolonged ischemia and hyperosmotic stress. Natural freeze tolerance involves not just de novo preservation mechanisms such as synthesis of high levels of cryoprotectants or novel proteins that manage ice formation, but also requires attention to and co‐ordination of many cellular processes. The present review examines recent studies of the freeze‐tolerant wood frog (Rana sylvatica) that probed previously unexplored areas of metabolic adaptation for freezing survival, with a particular emphasis on mitochondria. Post‐translational controls on enzyme function play a prominent role in resculpting metabolic responses of the wood frog to freezing including reversible phosphorylation control over fuel processing at the pyruvate dehydrogenase locus and modulation of antioxidant defense enzymes (Mn‐SOD, catalase). Enzymes involved in mitochondrial nitrogen metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase) are also differentially regulated during freezing but by different post‐translational modifications including ADP‐ribosylation, lysine acetylation or glutarylation. The action of microRNAs in mediating post‐translational controls on gene expression aid the suppression of energy‐expensive (cell cycle) or destructive (apoptosis) processes in the frozen state while also providing storage of transcripts that will be immediately available for repair or reactivation of metabolic processes after thawing. The effects of low temperature in strengthening mRNA–microRNA interactions can also provide a passive mechanism of metabolic suppression in the frozen state.
Metformin and 4SC‐202 synergistically promote intrinsic cell apoptosis by accelerating ΔNp63 ubiquitination and degradation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: He Yuan , Tai Shanshan , Deng Miao , Fan Zhaona , Ping Fan , He Lihong , Zhang Chi , Huang Yulei , Cheng Bin , Xia Juan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common and aggressive epithelial tumor in the head and neck region with a rising incidence. Despite the advances in basic science and clinical research, the overall survival rate of OSCC remains low. Thus finding novel effective therapeutic agents for OSCC is necessary. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of combined metformin and 4SC‐202 in OSCC. Our results showed that metformin and 4SC‐202 synergistically suppressed the proliferation and promoted the intrinsic apoptosis of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 impeded the ΔNp63‐decreasing effects after metformin and 4SC‐202 treatment, indicating that metformin and 4SC‐202 could promote the degradation of ΔNp63 protein. Moreover, ubiquitination level of ΔNp63 increased after metformin or/and 4SC‐202 administration. Furthermore, we revealed that ΔNp63 mediated anticancer effects of metformin and 4SC‐202, as overexpression or suppression of ΔNp63 could attenuate or facilitate the apoptosis rate of OSCC under metformin or/and 4SC‐202 treatment. Collectively, metformin and 4SC‐202 synergistically promote intrinsic apoptosis through accelerating ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of ΔNp63 in OSCC, and this co‐treatment can serve as a potential therapeutic scheme for OSCC.