bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Albian to Turonian carbon isotope record from the Shilaif Basin (United Arab Emirates) and its regional and intercontinental correlation
Authors: Hennhoefer Dominik , Al Suwaidi Aisha , Bottini Cinzia , Helja Emina , Steuber Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe sedimentary record of the Arabian Shelf offers a unique opportunity to study the Cretaceous (Albian–Turonian) greenhouse climate from a palaeoequatorial perspective. In particular, hemipelagic to pelagic carbonate successions from the extensive Shilaif intra‐shelf basin have the potential to produce an excellent record of carbon cycle perturbations during this interval. This study presents a 269 m thick chemostratigraphic (carbonate δ13C and δ18O) record from the Middle Albian to Early Turonian of central Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), representing over 14 Myr of uninterrupted carbonate sedimentation. The Mauddud to Shilaif formations represent outer ramp to basinal intra‐shelf carbonates with variations from laminated organic‐rich to clean bioturbated intervals. Isotopic evidence of the latest Albian Anoxic Event (Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d), Middle Cenomanian Event I and the Cenomanian–Turonian Anoxic Event (Oceanic Anoxic Event 2) are confirmed and biostratigraphically calibrated by means of calcareous nannofossils. The carbon isotope record allows correlation with other regional records and well‐calibrated records across the Tethyan Ocean and represents a significant improvement of the chronostratigraphic framework of the United Arab Emirates (Shilaif) and Oman (Natih) intra‐shelf basins. The study further confirms that low carbon isotope values corresponding to the two source rock intervals in the Shilaif Formation clearly precede the isotopic expressions of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d and Oceanic Anoxic Event 2.
Context is Everything (in Emotion Research)
Authors: Greenaway Katharine H. , Kalokerinos Elise K. , Williams Lisa A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs in many areas of psychological inquiry,contextmatters for how emotion is experienced, expressed, perceived, and regulated. While this may sound like a truism, emotion research does not always directly theorize, manipulate, or measure emotion with context in mind. To facilitate this process, we present a framework of contextual features that shape emotion‐related processes, and highlight several key factors that have been shown to matter in emotion research. We make four recommendations which we believe will help to better integrate context in emotion science. We argue that a deeper collective understanding, interrogation, and integration of context will propel the field forward theoretically and methodologically, and enhance researchers' ability to probe the mechanisms of human psychological experience. While our focus is on emotion research, we believe that the context framework and associated recommendations will also be useful to other fields of social psychological and personality science.
Changing Words and Sounds: The Roles of Different Cognitive Units in Sound Change
Authors: Sóskuthy Márton , Foulkes Paul , Hughes Vincent , Haddican Bill 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study considers the role of different cognitive units in sound change: phonemes, contextual variants and words. We examine /u/‐fronting and /j/‐dropping in data from three generations of Derby English speakers. We analyze dynamic formant data and auditory judgments, using mixed effects regression methods, including generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). /u/‐fronting is reaching its end‐point, showing complex conditioning by context and a frequency effect that weakens over time. /j/‐dropping is declining, with low‐frequency words showing more innovative variants with /j/ than high‐frequency words. The two processes interact: words with variable /j/‐dropping (new) exhibit more fronting than words that never have /j/ (noodle) even when the /j/ is deleted. These results support models of change that rely on phonetically detailed representations for both word‐ and sound‐level cognitive units.
Structural variation and rates of genome evolution in the grass family seen through comparison of sequences of genomes greatly differing in size
Authors: Dvorak Jan , Wang Le , Zhu Tingting , Jorgensen Chad M. , Deal Karin R. , Dai Xiongtao , Dawson Matthew W. , Müller Hans‐Georg , Luo Ming‐Cheng , Ramasamy Ramesh K. , Dehghani Hamid , Gu Yong Q. , Gill Bikram S. , Distelfeld Assaf , Devos Katrien M. , Qi Peng , You Frank M. , Gulick Patrick J. , McGuire Patrick E. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryHomology was searched with genes annotated in theAegilops tauschiipseudomolecules against genes annotated in the pseudomolecules of tetraploid wild emmer wheat,Brachypodium distachyon, sorghum and rice. Similar searches were performed with genes annotated in the rice pseudomolecules. Matrices of collinear genes and rearrangements in their order were constructed. Optical BioNano genome maps were constructed and used to validate rearrangements unique to the wild emmer andAe. tauschiigenomes. Most common rearrangements were short paracentric inversions and short intrachromosomal translocations. Intrachromosomal translocations outnumbered segmental intrachromosomal duplications. The densities of paracentric inversion lengths were approximated by exponential distributions in all six genomes. Densities of collinear genes along theAe. tauschiichromosomes were highly correlated with meiotic recombination rates but those of rearrangements were not, suggesting different causes of the erosion of gene collinearity and evolution of major chromosome rearrangements. Frequent rearrangements sharing breakpoints suggested that chromosomes have been rearranged recurrently at some sites. The distal 4 Mb of the short arms of rice chromosomes Os11 and Os12 and corresponding regions in the sorghum,B. distachyonand Triticeae genomes contain clusters of interstitial translocations including from 1 to 7 collinear genes. The rates of acquisition of major rearrangements were greater in the large wild emmer wheat andAe. tauschiigenomes than in the lineage preceding their divergence or in theB. distachyon, rice and sorghum lineages. It is suggested that synergy between large quantities of dynamic transposable elements and annual growth habit have been the primary causes of the fast evolution of the Triticeae genomes.
Effectiveness of immunoglobulin prophylaxis in reducing clinical complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ahn Hilalion , Tay Jason , Shea Beverley , Hutton Brian , Shorr Risa , Knoll Greg A. , Cameron Donald William , Cowan Juthaporn 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDProphylactic immunoglobulin has been used with varying efficacy to reduce complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted of randomized controlled trials that assessed clinical outcomes (overall survival, transplant‐related mortality, graft‐versus‐host disease [GVHD], veno‐occlusive disease [VOD], interstitial pneumonitis, disease relapse, cytomegalovirus [CMV] infection and disease, non‐CMV infection) of immunoglobulin prophylaxis versus placebo in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to June 2017. Quality of included studies and outcomes were evaluated via Risk of Bias assessment and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria, respectively.RESULTSOf 899 citations screened, 27 studies (n = 3934) were included. Immunoglobulin prophylaxis had no impact on survival (risk ratio [RR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88‐1.01; 11 studies, n = 1962) but decreased risk of acute GVHD (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65‐0.94; eight studies, n = 1097) and CMV disease (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28‐0.97; two studies, n = 167). Meta‐analysis revealed increased risk of VOD (RR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.10‐8.41; three studies, n = 384) and disease relapse (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.49; seven studies, n = 1647). Other outcomes were small in sample size or nonsignificant. Results should be interpreted cautiously given the low quality of studies and evidence of outcomes.CONCLUSIONImmunoglobulin prophylaxis did not have a significant effect on survival. Positive clinical effects were shown for acute GVHD and CMV disease and negative effects against VOD and disease relapse. No studies examined the effect of immunoglobulin treatment in hypogammaglobulinemic patients despite current guidelines, warranting further studies in this population.
Lattice structure of Weyl groups via representation theory of preprojective algebras
Authors: Iyama Osamu , Reading Nathan , Reiten Idun , Thomas Hugh 
Published: May 2018

This paper studies the combinatorics of lattice congruences of the weak order on a finite Weyl group $W$, using representation theory of the corresponding preprojective algebra $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$. Natural bijections are constructed between important objects including join-irreducible congruences, join-irreducible (respectively, meet-irreducible) elements of $W$, indecomposable $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-rigid (respectively, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{-}$-rigid) modules and layers of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$. The lattice-theoretically natural labelling of the Hasse quiver by join-irreducible elements of $W$ is shown to coincide with the algebraically natural labelling by layers of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$. We show that layers of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$ are nothing but bricks (or equivalently stones, or 2-spherical modules). The forcing order on join-irreducible elements of $W$ (arising from the study of lattice congruences) is described algebraically in terms of the doubleton extension order. We give a combinatorial description of indecomposable $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{-}$-rigid modules for type $A$ and $D$.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Activities of Contezolid (MRX-I) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Shoen Carolyn , DeStefano Michelle , Hafkin Barry , Cynamon Michael 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The
in vitro
activity of contezolid (MRX-I) against clinical isolates of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
was evaluated using a microtiter broth dilution assay. MRX-I was as effective as linezolid (LZD)
in vitro
. MRX-I and LZD were subsequently studied in BALB/c mice infected intranasally with
M. tuberculosis
Erdman. MRX-I and LZD at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the bacterial load in lungs compared to the untreated early and late controls.
Translation Elongation Factor 4 (LepA) Contributes to Tetracycline Susceptibility by Stalling Elongating Ribosomes
Authors: Liu Bin , Chen Chunlai 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Even though elongation factor 4 (EF4) is the third most conserved protein in bacteria, its physiological functions remain largely unknown and its proposed molecular mechanisms are conflicting among previous studies. In the present study, we show that the growth of an
Escherichia coli
strain is more susceptible to tetracycline than its EF4 knockout strain. Consistent with previous studies, our results suggested that EF4 affects ribosome biogenesis when tetracycline is present. Through ribosome profiling analysis, we discovered that EF4 causes 1-nucleotide shifting of ribosomal footprints on mRNA when cells have been exposed to tetracycline. In addition, when tetracycline is present, EF4 inhibits the elongation of protein synthesis, which leads to the accumulation of ribosomes in the early segment of mRNA. Altogether, when cells are exposed to tetracycline, EF4 alters both ribosome biogenesis and the elongation phase of protein synthesis.
Impact of the US Food and Drug Administration registration of antiretroviral drugs on global access to HIV treatment
Authors: Chahal Harinder Singh , Capella Peter , Presto Ryan , Murray Jeffrey S , Shimer Martin , Valdez Mary Lou , Lurie Peter G 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundSince 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration’s (USFDA) dedicated drug review process in support of President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has made safe, effective and quality antiretrovirals (ARVs) available for millions of patients. Furthermore, the WHO and Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) can add the USFDA-reviewed products to their respective formularies, through a novel process of ‘one-way reliance’. We assessed the number of ARVs made available through WHO and Global Fund based on the USFDA review.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of all the USFDA-reviewed PEPFAR drugs between 1 December 2014 and 20 March 2017 to determine 1) the percentage that are included on the WHO and Global Fund formularies; 2) the number of the USFDA ARVs supporting the WHO HIV treatment guidelines, and their uptake by WHO and Global Fund and 3) time between the USFDA review and WHO review of the same ARVs.FindingsOverall, 91% (204/224) of the USFDA products appeared on either the WHO/Prequalification of Medicines Programme (PQP) or the Global Fund ARV lists. Forty-five per cent (100/224) and 83% (184/224) appear on WHO/PQP and Global Fund formularies through one-way reliance, respectively. Forty-one per cent (91/224) of the USFDA products support the WHO-preferred first-line HIV treatment options. Of these 91 products, 38% and 85% of products were adopted by WHO/PQP and Global Fund through one-way reliance, respectively. Sixty-six products that were fully reviewed and registered by WHO (vs one-way reliance) had also undergone the USFDA review; 46 of these were registered by WHO after the USFDA review was complete (median delay of 559 days (IQR 233–798 days)).ConclusionsThe USFDA’s PEPFAR process is making safe and effective ARVs available worldwide, in part because the major global ARV procurement organisations rely on the USFDA registration as proof of quality. There is room for improved information sharing and collaboration to reduce duplication of effort, save resources and further expedite access to ARVs.
Comparing and contrasting ‘innovation platforms’ with other forms of professional networks for strengthening primary healthcare systems for Indigenous Australians
Authors: Bailie Jodie , Cunningham Frances Clare , Bainbridge Roxanne Gwendalyn , Passey Megan E , Laycock Alison Frances , Bailie Ross Stewart , Larkins Sarah L , Brands Jenny S M , Ramanathan Shanthi , Abimbola Seye , Peiris David 
Published: May 2018

Efforts to strengthen health systems require the engagement of diverse, multidisciplinary stakeholder networks. Networks provide a forum for experimentation and knowledge creation, information exchange and the spread of good ideas and practice. They might be useful in addressing complex issues or ‘wicked’ problems, the solutions to which go beyond the control and scope of any one agency.Innovation platforms are proposed as a novel type of network because of their diverse stakeholder composition and focus on problem solving within complex systems. Thus, they have potential applicability to health systems strengthening initiatives, even though they have been predominantly applied in the international agricultural development sector.In this paper, we compare and contrast the concept of innovation platforms with other types of networks that can be used in efforts to strengthen primary healthcare systems, such as communities of practice, practice-based research networks and quality improvement collaboratives. We reflect on our ongoing research programme that applies innovation platform concepts to drive large-scale quality improvement in primary healthcare for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and outline our plans for evaluation. Lessons from our experience will find resonance with others working on similar initiatives in global health.
Using a population-based survey approach to estimate child separation after a natural disaster: findings from post-Hurricane Haiti
Authors: Stark Lindsay , MacFarlane Matthew , Rubenstein Beth L , Yu Gary , Jensen Celina , Williamson Katharine 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThis study explores findings of a population-based approach to measure the prevalence of unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) during the Hurricane Matthew aftermath in Haiti.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey using two-stage cluster sampling. Participants were asked to provide information on their own household composition, as well as the household composition of their closest neighbour (the Neighborhood Method). The study took place between February and March 2017 in Haiti’s Sud Department, a region severely affected by Hurricane Matthew in October 2016. 1044 primary respondents provided information about their own household, and 4165 people in the household of their closet neighbour. The primary outcome measured was the prevalence of UASC in the Sud Department following Hurricane Matthew. Secondary outcomes of interest included the characteristics of these children, including age, sex, reason for separation and current caregiver.ResultsOf the 2046 children currently living in the surveyed households, 3.03% (95% CI 2.29% to 3.77%) were reported to have been separated from their normal caregiver during Hurricane Matthew. Among these 62 children, 9 were unaccompanied, and there were slightly more boys than girls (56% vs 44%, p=0.37). Of the 2060 children who lived in surveyed households when the hurricane hit, 1.12% (95% CI 0.67% to 1.57%) had since departed without their caregiver. The prevalence of separation reported for neighbours’ households was not significantly different from that in respondents’ households (p values between 0.08 and 0.29).ConclusionsThis study is the first known attempt to measure the prevalence of child separation following a natural disaster. Overall, the rates of separation were relatively low. Similarities between primary and secondary reports of child separation via the Neighborhood Method indicate that this may be a viable approach to measuring UASC in certain contexts.
Automated, computer-guided PASI measurements by digital image analysis versus conventional physicians’ PASI calculations: study protocol for a comparative, single-centre, observational study
Authors: Fink Christine , Uhlmann Lorenz , Klose Christina , Haenssle Holger A 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionReliable and accurate assessment of severity in psoriasis is very important in order to meet indication criteria for initiation of systemic treatment or to evaluate treatment efficacy. The most acknowledged tool for measuring the extent of psoriatic skin changes is the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). However, the calculation of PASI can be tedious and subjective and high intraobserver and interobserver variability is an important concern. Therefore, there is a great need for a standardised and objective method that guarantees a reproducible PASI calculation. Within this study we will investigate the precision and reproducibility of automated, computer-guided PASI measurements in comparison to trained physicians to address these limitations.Methods and analysisNon-interventional analyses of PASI calculations by either physicians in a prospective versus retrospective setting or an automated computer-guided algorithm in 120 patients with plaque psoriasis. All retrospective PASI calculations by physicians or by the computer algorithm are based on total body digital images. The primary objective of this study is comparison of automated computer-guided PASI measurements by means of digital image analysis versus conventional, prospective or retrospective physicians' PASI assessments. Secondary endpoints include (1) the assessment of physicians’ interobserver variance in PASI calculations, (2) the assessment of physicians’ intraobserver variance in PASI assessments of the same patients' images after a time interval of at least 4 weeks, (3) the assessment of the deviation between physicians’ prospective versus retrospective PASI calculations, and (4) the reproducibility of automated computer-guided PASI measurements by assessment of two sets of total body digital images of the same patients taken at one time point.EthicsEthical approval was provided by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg (ethics approval number S-379/2016).Trial registrationnumberDRKS00011818; Results.
Comparison of the effect of immediate versus delayed transfer following a stimulated IVF cycle on the ongoing pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li He , Li Lu , Lu Xiang , Sun Xiaoxi , Ng Ernest Hung Yu 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionFrozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) has become an increasingly important part of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Currently, there is still no good scientific evidence to support when to perform FET following a stimulated IVF cycle. Since all published studies are retrospective and the findings are contradictory, a randomised controlled study is needed to provide Level 1 evidence to guide the clinical practice.Methods/analysisThis is a randomised controlled trial. A total of 724 women undergoing the first FET following ovarian stimulation in IVF will be enrolled and randomised according to a computer-generated randomisation list to either (1) the immediate group in which FET will be performed in the first cycle following the stimulated IVF cycle or (2) the delayed group in which FET will be performed at least in the second cycle following the stimulated IVF cycle. The primary outcome is the ongoing pregnancy defined as a viable pregnancy beyond 12 weeks’ gestation.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Ethics Committee of Assisted Reproductive Medicine in Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute (JIAI E2017-12) and from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (UW 17–371). A written informed consent will be obtained from each woman before any study procedure is performed, according to good clinical practice. The results of this trial will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03201783;Pre-results.