bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of influence of irrigation using the resources of donor river (the Dniester) on characteristics of the annual water runoff of the Baraboy River
Authors: Loboda N.S. , Yarov Ya.S. 
Published: November 2018

The article assesses the characteristics of the annual runoff of the Baraboy River (the Odessa Region), which remains unexplored from the hydrological point of view, under natural conditions and those affected water-related activities, on the basis of the «climate-runoff» model.
The main factors of anthropogenic impact on the hydrological regime of the Baraboy River include a large number of artificial reservoirs and intensive irrigation of agricultural areas using the water resources of the Dniester River. The paper presents estimations of changes of the natural runoff of the Baraboy River in the presence of artificial reservoirs and irrigation using the resources of the donor river (the Dniester). It is shown that, under natural conditions of runoff formation, the river would have to dry out during dry and extremely dry years. Additional evaporation from the surface of artificial reservoirs contributes to a decrease of the annual runoff. Following the use of the «climate-runoff» model it was established that waste waters entering the riverbed from agricultural lands irrigated using the water resources of the donor river (the Dniester) can substantially increase the actual runoff of the Baraboy River at its mouth (by 10-30% for a several years' period, depending on the scale of water management alterations). It is substantiated that the flow of return water, if different real areas of irrigation are taken into account, exceeds the loss of the runoff resulting from additional evaporation from the surface of artificial reservoirs. Donor irrigation provides stable parameters of river runoff during dry and extremely dry years. The disadvantage of donor irrigation is that it causes the effect of land flooding. The «climate-runoff» model allows optimization of the water management alterations ensuring the most efficient use of agricultural land, depending on the extent of its irrigation, its location within the basin, selection of main crops that need irrigation. Therefore, the next stage of research is evaluation of the quality of groundwater within the basin of the Baraboy river under conditions of donor irrigation.
Association between Hippocampal Shape, Neuroinflammation, and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cabinio Monia , Saresella Marina , Piancone Federica , LaRosa Francesca , Marventano Ivana , Guerini Franca Rosa , Nemni Raffaello , Baglio Francesca , Clerici Mario 
Published: November 2018

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by memory impairment and general decrease in cognitive functions and daily living competences, that leads to a complete loss of autonomy. The pathogenesis of AD is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β plaques (Aβ plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles, initially involving cortical and hippocampal structures, and neuroinflammation. To date, no studies have investigated the topological association between neuroinflammation and hippocampal shape in AD. Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the association between hippocampal shape, cognitive profile, and neuroinflammation in a group of AD patients in the mild stage of the disease. Methods: Thirty-one patients with typical onset AD (mild stage) underwent MRI examination (1.5T scanner); hippocampal structures were segmented using a vertex-wise analysis (FSL-FIRST). Immune parameters were evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow-cytometry. Correlation analyses were performed between hippocampal shape and both cognitive profile (ADAS-Cog and MMSE scores), and neuro-inflammatory variables (i.e., circulating monocytes, cytokines). Results: Statistically significant correlations ( p < 0.05FWE) between right hippocampal shape and cognitive measurements and between left hippocampal shape and inflammatory indices were detected. The hippocampal field mostly involved was the lateral portion of bilateral hippocampi, mainly overlapping with Cornu Ammonis, extending along the entire longitudinal axis. Conclusions: A topological relationship between hippocampal atrophy and both cognitive profile and neuroinflammation is found; the association with neuroinflammatory indices is in line with the pattern of AD-associated neuronal death, whereas the association with cognitive test might account for residual cognitive functions.
Dual Time-Point [18F]Florbetaben PET Delivers Dual Biomarker Information in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Florek Lisa , Tiepolt Solveig , Schroeter Matthias L. , Berrouschot Jörg , Saur Dorothee , Hesse Swen , Jochimsen Thies , Luthardt Julia , Sattler Bernhard , Patt Marianne , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Villringer Arno , Classen Joseph , Gertz Hermann-Josef , Sabri Osama , Barthel Henryk 
Published: November 2018

Background: Current research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD include biomarkers to supplement clinical testing. Recently, we demonstrated that dual time-point [18F]FBB PET is able to deliver both blood flow and amyloid-β (Aβ) load surrogates. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether these surrogates can be utilized as AD biomarkers. Methods: 112 subjects (41 with MCI, 50 with probable/possible AD, 21 with other dementias) underwent dual time-point [18F]FBB PET. Data were visually and relative quantitatively (Herholz scores for the early and composite SUVRs for the late PET data) analyzed. Results: In the early images AD-typical patterns were present in 42% /27% /33% of probable/possible AD/MCI/other dementia cases. In late [18F]FBB PET, 42% /29% /38% of probable/possible AD/ MCI/other dementia cases were Aβ-positive. 17% of the MCIs were categorized as “MCI due to AD-high likelihood”, 44% of the probable ADs as “probable AD with high evidence of AD pathophysiological process” and 28% of the possible ADs as “possible AD with evidence of AD pathophysiological process”. 27% of all subjects showed a positive diagnostic and progression biomarker. Herholz scores were lower (0.85±0.05 versus 0.88±0.04, p = 0.015) for probable/possible AD versus MCI. Composite late phase SUVRs were significantly higher (1.65±0.23 versus 1.15±0.17, p < 0.005) in Aβ-positive versus Aβ-negative patients. Herholz and MMSE scores were positively correlated (R = 0.30 p = 0.006). Conclusion: Dual time-point [18F]FBB PET provides dual biomarker information which enables to categorize MCI and AD dementia patients according to established diagnostic criteria. Thus, dual time-point [18F]FBB PET has great potential to supplement diagnostic dementia workups.
Self-powered robots to reduce motor slacking during upper-extremity rehabilitation: a proof of concept study
Authors: Washabaugh Edward P. , Treadway Emma , Gillespie R. Brent , Remy C. David , Krishnan Chandramouli 
Published: November 2018

Background: Robotic rehabilitation is a highly promising approach to recover lost functions after stroke or other neurological disorders. Unfortunately, robotic rehabilitation currently suffers from “motor slacking”, a phenomenon in which the human motor system reduces muscle activation levels and movement excursions, ostensibly to minimize metabolic- and movement-related costs. Consequently, the patient remains passive and is not fully engaged during therapy. To overcome this limitation, we envision a new class of body-powered robots and hypothesize that motor slacking could be reduced if individuals must provide the power to move their impaired limbs via their own body (i.e., through the motion of a healthy limb). Objective: To test whether a body-powered exoskeleton (i.e. robot) could reduce motor slacking during robotic training. Methods: We developed a body-powered robot that mechanically coupled the motions of the user’s elbow joints. We tested this passive robot in two groups of subjects (stroke and able-bodied) during four exercise conditions in which we controlled whether the robotic device was powered by the subject or by the experimenter, and whether the subject’s driven arm was engaged or at rest. Motor slacking was quantified by computing the muscle activation changes of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles using surface electromyography. Results: Subjects had higher levels of muscle activation in their driven arm during self-powered conditions compared to externally-powered conditions. Most notably, subjects unintentionally activated their driven arm even when explicitly told to relax when the device was self-powered. This behavior was persistent throughout the trial and did not wane after the initiation of the trial. Conclusions: Our findings provide novel evidence indicating that motor slacking can be reduced by self-powered robots; thus demonstrating promise for rehabilitation of impaired subjects using this new class of wearable system. The results also serve as a foundation to develop more sophisticated body-powered robots (e.g., with controllable transmissions) for rehabilitation purposes.
Alterations in the spinal cord and ventral root after cerebral infarction in non-human primates
Authors: Dang Ge , Chen Xinran , Zhao Yuhui , Chen Yicong , Ouyang Fubing , Liang Jiahui , Guo Yi , Zeng Jinsheng 
Published: November 2018

Backgrounds: Cerebral infarction does not only cause focal injury in the ischemic site, but also secondary non-ischemic damage at the remote areas of nervous system associated with the primary focus. Objective: This study investigated the changes in the spinal cord and ventral root after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Methods: Adult male cynonolgus monkeys (4–5 years, 5.5–7.5 kg) were subjected to MCAO ( n = 6) or sham surgery ( n = 4). After 12 weeks, spinal cords and the ventral roots were harvested. Morphometric alterations in the spinal cord were detected at C5 and L5 levels via immunofluorescence. The profiles of C5 and L5 ventral roots were displayed by toluidine blue staining and transmission electron microscopic examination. Results: Significant axonal loss in the contralateral corticospinal tract and abnormally enlarged axons in the ipsilateral were observed in monkeys with MCAO. The number of neurons in the contralateral ventral horn got declined while that in the ipsilateral was almost unaffected after MCAO compared with sham controls. Glial activation post-MCAO was observed in the bilateral corticospinal tract and the ventral horn. Aberrant nerve fibers appeared frequently in the contralateral ventral roots of MCAO monkey but rarely in the ipsilateral. Conclusions: These results indicate that focal cerebral infarction leads to pathological alterations in the spinal cord and ventral roots in non-human primates.
Titan’s Twilight and Sunset Solar Illumination
Authors: Barnes Jason W. , MacKenzie Shannon M. , Lorenz Ralph D. , Turtle Elizabeth P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We calculate the illumination conditions at Titan’s surface using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model SRTC++, motivated by the proposed Dragonfly Titan lander. We find significant surface illumination during twilight after sunset, with the twilight flux maximized near

wavelength. Out to 30° past Titan’s terminator, the twilight illumination exceeds that of Earth’s Moon at full phase in visible red wavelengths (

). Imaging at night should be quite effective for stationary surface landers if they use long integration times, though it would be less effective for platforms floating on Titan’s seas. Titan sunsets should be underwhelming events at visible wavelengths, with the Sun fading out while still well above the horizon and overall illumination diminishing slowly as the Sun falls below the horizon. Shadows below the lander should receive illumination from diffusely scattered light low in the sky near Titan’s horizon. The total near-horizon illumination maximizes when the Sun is highest in the sky owing to the intensity of multiple scattering.
A Compact Multi-planet System with a Significantly Misaligned Ultra Short Period Planet
Authors: Rodriguez Joseph E. , Becker Juliette C. , Eastman Jason D. , Hadden Sam , Vanderburg Andrew , Khain Tali , Quinn Samuel N. , Mayo Andrew , Dressing Courtney D. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Ciardi David R. , Latham David W. , Rappaport Saul , Adams Fred C. , Berlind Perry , Bieryla Allyson , Calkins Michael L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Kristiansen Martti H. , Omohundro Mark , Schwengeler Hans Martin , Stassun Keivan G. , Terentev Ivan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We report the discovery of a compact multi-planet system orbiting the relatively nearby (78 pc) and bright (K = 8.9) K-star, K2-266 (EPIC 248435473). We identify up to six possible planets orbiting K2-266 with estimated periods of P

b
= 0.66, P
.02 = 6.1, P

c
= 7.8, P

d
= 14.7, P

e
= 19.5, and P
.06 = 56.7 days, and radii of R

P
= 3.3 R
⊕, 0.646 R
⊕, 0.705 R
⊕, 2.93 R
⊕, 2.73 R
⊕, and 0.90 R
⊕, respectively. We are able to confirm the planetary nature of two of these planets (d and e) by analyzing their transit timing variations (

and

), confidently validate the planetary nature of two other planets (b and c), and classify the last two as planetary candidates (K2-266.02 and .06). From a simultaneous fit of all six possible planets, we find that K2-266 b’s orbit has an inclination of 75.°32 while the other five planets have inclinations of 87°–90°. This observed mutual misalignment may indicate that K2-266 b formed differently from the other planets in the system. The brightness of the host star and the relatively large size of the sub-Neptune sized planets d and e make them well-suited for atmospheric characterization efforts with facilities like the Hubble Space Telescope and upcoming James Webb Space Telescope. We also identify an 8.5 day transiting planet candidate orbiting EPIC 248435395, a co-moving companion to K2-266.
Probing Late-type T Dwarf J − H Color Outliers for Signs of Age*
Authors: Logsdon Sarah E. , Mace Gregory N. , McLean Ian S. , Martin Emily C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present the results of a Keck/NIRSPEC follow-up survey of 13 late-type T dwarfs (T6–T9), 12 of which have unusually red or blue J − H colors. Previous work suggests that J − H color outliers may represent the high-gravity, low-metallicity (old) and low-gravity, solar-metallicity (young) extremes of the late-type T dwarf population. We use medium-resolution Y- and H-band spectroscopy to probe regions of T dwarf atmospheres that are more sensitive to gravity and metallicity variations than the J band. We find that the spectral morphologies of our sample are largely homogeneous, with peak-normalized, Y- and H-band morphologies consistent with spectral standards. However, three objects stand out as potentially old, with overluminous Y-band spectra compared to their respective spectral standards, and a fourth object stands out as potentially young, with an underluminous Y band. Of these four objects, three have been previously identified as potential metallicity/gravity outliers, including the one object in our sample with a normal J − H color. We fit publicly available atmospheric model grids to our spectra and find that the best-fit physical parameters vary depending on the model used. As we continue to probe the characteristics of the late-T population, differences in synthetic spectra of ∼10%–20% in the blue wing of the Y band and ∼45% at 1.65 μm, for the same physical parameters, must be reconciled. Further development and public availability of nonsolar metallicity models is also recommended. Future progress toward deciphering the impacts of gravity, metallicity, and variability in the late-type T dwarf population will also require high signal-to-noise, multiwavelength and multi-epoch photometry and spectroscopy.
Zooming in to Massive Star Birth
Authors: Kong Shuo , Tan Jonathan C. , Caselli Paola , Fontani Francesco , Wang Ke , Butler Michael J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present high-resolution (0.″2, 1000 au) 1.3 mm ALMA observations of the massive infrared dark cloud clump, G028.37+00.07-C1, thought to harbor the early stages of massive star formation. Using

(3–2), we resolve the previously identified C1-S core, separating the bulk of its emission from two nearby protostellar sources. C1-S is thus identified as a massive (∼50 M
⊙), compact (∼0.1 pc diameter) starless core, e.g., with no signs of outflow activity. Being highly deuterated, this is a promising candidate for a pre-stellar core on the verge of collapse. An analysis of its dynamical state indicates a sub-virial velocity dispersion compared to a trans-Alfvénic turbulent core model. However, virial equilibrium could be achieved with sub-Alfvénic conditions involving magnetic field strengths of ∼2 mG.
Analysis of Licensure Testing Patterns of RN Graduates in Oregon
Authors: Noone Joanne , Ingwerson Joy , Kunz Amari 
Published: November 2018

Background:
First-time NCLEX pass rate (FTPR) was a measure of workforce entry developed in the 1970s and is now used in accreditation standards to assess program effectiveness. Faculty may change admission and progression policies based on FTPR, which may affect enrollment, student diversity, or costs. This study describes testing patterns of RN graduates on the NCLEX-RN in Oregon to identify other academic metrics related to licensure.

Method:

Testing patterns of graduates in Oregon (
N
= 4,045) during 2013–2015 were analyzed to determine the number of testing attempts and length of time until success.

Results:
The FTPR for testers was 88.6%. By the second attempt, 96.1% passed; by the third attempt, 98% passed. Within 90 days of eligibility, 87.6% of testers passed; within 180 days, 95.3% passed.

Conclusion:

It is recommended that second- and third-time pass rates or pass rates within 6 months be considered as academic metrics for accreditation purposes. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(11):655–661.]
Female Nursing Students' Experience With and Exposure to Sexual Assault
Authors: LoGiudice Jenna Alana , Phillips Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The study aims to describe the prevalence of sexual violence experienced by nursing students and to understand nursing students' practices and attitudes toward working with patients with this trauma history.

Method:

A convenience sample (
n
= 75) of female nursing students from the United States completed the Life Events Checklist and responded to statements about their practices and attitudes.

Results:
Over a quarter (26.7%) experienced an unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience. Of the 18.7% who were sexually assaulted, more than half also experienced physical assault and more than 70% reported other unwanted sexual experiences. Largely, students believed that screening patients for trauma is important (88.7%); yet, most (73.2%) felt unprepared and approximately 60% had not been taught how.

Conclusion:

This knowledge can aid nursing educators in understanding their students' life experiences so issues can be addressed in safe learning environments and practices and attitudes related to screening and caring for patients can be highlighted. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(11):662–667.]
Enhancing Systems Thinking for Undergraduate Nursing Students Using Friday Night at the ER
Authors: Thornton Bacon Cynthia , Trent Peggy , McCoy Thomas P. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The complexity of health care systems requires cooperation between system stakeholders, structures, and functions. Nurses need an understanding of systems thinking to work effectively in this complex environment.

Method:
Nurse educators used the Friday Night at the ER simulation game with undergraduate nursing students to simulate complex problem solving and assess their learning.

Results:
Students had significantly higher scores on the Systems Thinking Scale and reported increased self-perceived proficiency with the quality improvement Quality and Safety Education for Nurses competency after participating in the game.

Conclusion:

Nurse educators should consider incorporating complex problem-solving exercises, such as Friday Night at the ER, into their undergraduate curriculum to challenge and strengthen students' critical and systems thinking. Hospital nurse educators should also consider this intervention to assist practicing nurses in bolstering their critical and systems thinking. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(11):687–689.]
Arcaísmo, cibercultura e reencantamento do mundo: as dobras do cotidiano tecnológico
Authors: Maffesoli Michel 
Published: November 2018

Resumo : O projeto moderno do “tudo-tecnológico” mudou. Paradoxalmente, a tecnologia invade nossas vidas, mas, agora, introduzindo, devido a sua própria forma, características plurais inerentes tanto à magia quanto ao arcaísmo do ser humano. Este artigo, pois, seguindo o que poderíamos denominar “dobras do cotidiano tecnológico”, navega, portanto, por questões que nos remetem aos paradigmas em Thomas Kuhn, à figura mítica do Golem na Cabala Judaica ou à cibercultura de variadas sincronias. Sincronicidade essa que, para Nietzsche, se dá no justo encontro entre nossas origens e o futuro. [1] Tradução: Prof. Dr. Eduardo Portanova Barros. Professor Visitante do PPG em Comunicação da Faculdade de Informação e Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG).
Quels temps pour le climat ?
Authors: Bréda Charlotte 
Published: November 2018

Cet article questionne les processus d’anticipation et les registres temporels auxquels ils sont associés dans le problème de l’érosion du littoral. À partir d’une ethnographie de l’érosion côtière dans la région québécoise de la Côte-Nord, il analyse les rapports aux multiples logiques temporelles au sein des collectifs d’acteurs concernés, leurs conséquences en termes de production de connaissance sur l’érosion mais aussi leur implication dans le processus de « défamiliarisation » des riverains vis-à-vis du phénomène et de leur mode « d’habiter » le littoral.
La divination et ses sources primordiales en milieu yakaphone
Authors: Devisch René 
Published: November 2018

Dans la perspective de la culture des Yakaphones au sud-ouest de la République démocratique du Congo, c’est à travers son rêve chamanique et son flair perspicace de la conduite des consultants que le devin ou la devineresse parvient à discerner les signifiants du malheur impensable, voire innommable du client. Consultée, la devineresse en transe sonde l’oracle à venir à travers une phonation inchoative de propos mythologiques concernant l’aube de toute vie. Le battement rythmique du tambour à fente invite les esprits de la famille et du culte ainsi que les consultants à se joindre à l’interrogation à travers une série de questions fixes à réponse affirmative ou négative. L’essai phénoménologique met en avant le fait que l’oracle est une émission vocale du règne de la nuit et de la lune comme manifestation des sources régénératrices primordiales de toute vie. L’oracle scrute la malédiction et l’ensorcellement en jeu, et interroge l’affliction et sa blessure du tissu social et cosmologique. S’élaborant sans sujet ou auteur du dire, l’oracle néanmoins entame une communication entre « l’ailleurs » invisible ou insaisissable et la réalité de « l’ici », de texture visible.