bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualized risk prediction of significant fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease using a novel nomogram
Authors: Zhou Yu-Jie , Ye Fang-Zhou , Li Yang-Yang , Pan Xiao-Yan , Chen Ying-Xiao , Wu Xi-Xi , Xiong Jiao-Jiao , Liu Wen-Yue , Xu Shi-Hao , Chen Yong-Ping , Zheng Ming-Hua 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundFibrosis is deemed to be a pivotal determinant of the long‐term prognosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).ObjectiveWe aimed to develop a novel nomogram‐based non‐invasive model to accurately predict significant fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.MethodsWe designed a prospective cohort study including 207 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. Detailed anthropometric and fibrosis‐related laboratory parameters were collected. A nomogram was established based on variables that were independently associated with significant fibrosis identified by the logistic regression model. Then it was compared with aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), FIB‐4 and BARD score. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed according to area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and decision curve analysis.ResultsVariables included in the nomogram were: waist‐to‐height ratio, hyaluronic acid, procollagen‐III‐peptide, chitinase‐3‐like protein 1, and cytokeratine‐18 neoepitope M65. The discrimination ability of the nomogram (AUROC = 0.829, 95%CI 0.755–0.904) was significantly superior to APRI (AUROC = 0.670, 95%CI 0.563–0.777), NFS (AUROC = 0.601, 95%CI 0.480–0.722), FIB‐4 (AUROC = 0.624, 95%CI 0.511–0.736) and BARD (AUROC = 0.579, 95%CI 0.459–0.699) for significant fibrosis (all p < 0.05). The nomogram showed a larger net benefit to aid in decision‐making as to whether biopsy is required.ConclusionsThis novel nomogram was more accurate, and achieved higher net benefit than APRI, NFS, FIB‐4 and BARD to detect significant fibrosis. It can be useful as a non‐invasive method to screen ≥F2 fibrosis in the overall population with NAFLD.
Primary outcomes of the VIDI study: phase 2, double-masked, randomized, active-controlled study of ASP8232 for diabetic macular edema
Authors: Nguyen Quan Dong , Sepah Yasir J. , Berger Brian , Brown David , Do Diana V. , Garcia-Hernandez Alberto , Patel Sunil , Rahhal Firas M. , Shildkrot Yevgeniy , Renfurm Ronny W. ,   the VIDI Research Group
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
ASP8232 is a potent and specific small molecule vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) inhibitor. This study evaluated the effect of ASP8232 on excess retinal thickness when given alone or in combination with ranibizumab in patients with center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME).

Methods
This was a phase 2a, placebo and sham-injection controlled, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. Participants were patients with CI-DME and central subfield thickness (CST) ≥ 375 µm in the study eye as assessed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Eligible patients were randomized to (1) daily oral ASP8232 40 mg monotherapy; (2) combination therapy of daily oral ASP8232 40 mg and monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.3 mg; or (3) monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.3 mg monotherapy. The treatment period was 12 weeks. CST and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed at baseline and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24. The primary outcome was the mean percent change from baseline in excess CST at Week 12. Secondary outcomes were BCVA, safety and tolerability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of ASP8232.

Results
After 12 weeks, the mean (95% confidence interval) percent change in excess CST was 11.4% (− 15.0%, 37.8%) in the ASP8232 group, − 61.7% (− 86.1%, − 37.2%) in the ASP8232/ranibizumab group, and − 75.3% (− 94.8%, − 55.8%) in the ranibizumab group. The change from baseline in the two ranibizumab arms was statistically significant (P < 0.001) as was the difference between the ranibizumab groups and the ASP8232 group (P < 0.001). Mean (SD) increase in BCVA score from baseline was 3.1 (7.3) in the ASP8232 group, 5.2 (7.1) in the ASP8232/ranibizumab group, and 8.2 (9.5) in the ranibizumab group. The increase from baseline in BCVA score was statistically and clinically significant in the ranibizumab group compared with the ASP8232 group (P = 0.015). ASP8232 resulted in near complete inhibition of plasma VAP-1 activity whilst ranibizumab had no effect.

Conclusions
Near complete inhibition of plasma VAP-1 activity with ASP8232 had no effect on CST in patients with CI-DME. Furthermore, combination therapy did not provide additional benefit to treatment with ranibizumab alone, which significantly reduced CST and improved BCVA.
Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02302079. Registered on November 26, 2014
3D seismic geometry quality control and corrections by applying machine learning
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Zhang Jie , Bell Lee 
Published: July 2019

Seismic geometry quality control (QC) and corrections are crucial but labor-intensive steps in seismic data preprocessing. Current methods to estimate the correct positions of sources and receivers are usually based on the first-break traveltimes, which may contain large errors, thereby affecting the accuracy of the results. We have applied a deep convolutional neural network to identify shots and receivers that have position error, and we searched for the correct position. Once an error in position is identified by scanning data, a grid search for the correct location is conducted and the result is evaluated by the system until an optimal position is found. The network is trained on 3200 training sets from real data that have been corrected by the traditional method. Through cross validation on 800 sets, the classifier achieves a precision of 99.5% and a recall rate of 1. The final errors between the true positions and corrected positions are less than 10% of the shot spacing. An uncorrected real data experiment reveals that the proposed machine-learning method for geometry QC and correction provides similar results to the conventional manual correction approach but without human interference. Because the wavefield pattern of the training data for this purpose is global, there is no need to train the system again when applying the method to correct receiver position or process another data set. This claim is verified with different real data.
Missing Growth from Creative Destruction
Authors: Aghion Philippe , Bergeaud Antonin , Boppart Timo , Klenow Peter J. , Li Huiyu 
Published: July 2019

For exiting products, statistical agencies often impute inflation from surviving products. This understates growth if creatively-destroyed products improve more than surviving ones. If so, then the market share of surviving products should systematically shrink. Using entering and exiting establishments to proxy for creative destruction, we estimate missing growth in US Census data on non-farm businesses from 1983 to 2013. We find missing growth (i) equaled about one-half a percentage point per year; (ii) arose mostly from hotels and restaurants rather than manufacturing; and (iii) did not accelerate much after 2005, and therefore does not explain the sharp slowdown in growth since then. (JEL E23, E31, L14, L15, O30, O41)
Breast microcalcifications: the UK RCR 5-point breast imaging system or BI-RADS; which is the better predictor of malignancy?
Authors: Metaxa Linda , Healy Nuala A , O’Keeffe Sylvia A 
Published: July 2019

Objective: In the UK RCR 5-point breast imaging system (UKS), radiologists grade mammograms from 1 to 5 according to suspicion for malignancy, however unlike BI-RADS, no lexicon of descriptors is published. The aim of this study was to determine whether strict categorisation of microcalcifications (MCC) according to BI-RADS was a better predictor of malignancy than the UKS and whether these descriptors could be used within the UKS. Methods: A retrospective review of 241 cases, with MCC on mammography, who underwent biopsy was performed. Morphology, distribution, extent, UKS score, BI-RADS category and pathology were recorded. The positive predictive value (PPV) of each classification system for malignancy was calculated. Results: 28.6% were diagnosed with DCIS/IDC. The PPV for malignancy using the UKS was 18.9%, 69.4%, 100% for M3-5 respectively (p < 0.001) and using ΒI-RADS morphology was amorphous: 7.1%, coarse heterogeneous: 33.3%, fine pleomorphic: 48.1% and fine linear/fine linear branching: 85.2% (p < 0.001). The PPV based on distribution was grouped: 14.2%, regional: 32.3%, diffuse: 33.3% and linear/segmental: 77.8% (p < 0.001). Combining all cases of benign-appearing, amorphous and grouped coarse heterogenous and grouped fine pleomorphic MCC gave a PPV of 12.8%. Combining regional, linear or segmental coarse heterogenous and fine pleomorphic and all fine linear/branching MCC resulted in a PPV of 83.3% for malignancy. Conclusion: Combining morphology and distribution of MCC is accurate in malignancy prediction. Use of BI-RADS descriptors could help standardise reporting within the UKS and an algorithm using these within the UKS is proposed. Better prediction would enable more appropriate counselling and help to identify discrepancies. Advances in knowledge: No guidance exists on scoring of suspicious MCC in the UK breast imaging system. Use of BI-RADS morphologic/distribution descriptors can aid malignancy prediction. Findings other than morphology of MCC are important in malignancy prediction. An algorithm for use by the UK radiologist when evaluating MCC is provided.
Diagnostic accuracy of alpha-defensin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the clinical evaluation of painful hip and knee arthroplasty with possible prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Kleiss S. , Jandl N. M. , Novo de Oliveira A. , Rüther W. , Niemeier A. 
Published: July 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the synovial alpha-defensin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the work-up prior to revision of total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and Methods Inclusion criteria for this prospective cohort study were acute or chronic symptoms of the index joint without specific exclusion criteria. Synovial fluid aspirates of 202 patients were analyzed and semiquantitative laboratory alpha-defensin ELISA was performed. Final diagnosis of PJI was established by examination of samples obtained during revision surgery. Results Sensitivity and specificity of the alpha-defensin ELISA for PJI were 78.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.7 to 88.5) and 96.6% (95% CI 93.0 to 99.3). Positive and negative predictive values were 89.6% (95% CI 80.6 to 97.8) and 92.2% (95% CI 87.5 to 96.1). The test remained false-negative in 22% of septic revisions, most of which were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci all occurring in either late-chronic or early-postoperative PJI. Conclusion The routine use of synovial fluid alpha-defensin laboratory ELISA in the preoperative evaluation of symptomatic THAs and TKAs is insufficient to accurately diagnose PJI. Particularly in cases involving low-virulence organisms, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, there remains a need for tests with a higher sensitivity. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:970–977.
Classification systems for platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Rossi L. A. , Murray I. R. , Chu C. R. , Muschler G. F. , Rodeo S. A. , Piuzzi N. S. 
Published: July 2019

There is good scientific rationale to support the use of growth factors to promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. However, the clinical effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and other blood-derived products has yet to be proven. Characterization and reporting of PRP preparation protocols utilized in clinical trials for the treatment of musculoskeletal disease is highly inconsistent, and the majority of studies do not provide sufficient information to allow the protocols to be reproduced. Furthermore, the reporting of blood-derived products in orthopaedics is limited by the multiple PRP classification systems available, which makes comparison of results between studies challenging. Several attempts have been made to characterize and classify PRP; however, no consensus has been reached, and there is lack of a comprehensive and validated classification. In this annotation, we outline existing systems used to classify preparations of PRP, highlighting their advantages and limitations. There remains a need for standardized universal nomenclature to describe biological therapies, as well as a comprehensive and reproducible classification system for autologous blood-derived products. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:891–896.
‘Worse than death’ and waiting for a joint arthroplasty
Authors: Scott C. E H. , MacDonald D. J. , Howie C. R. 
Published: July 2019

Aims The EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire is a widely used multiattribute general health questionnaire where an EQ-5D < 0 defines a state ‘worse than death’ (WTD). The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a health state WTD and to identify associations with this state. Secondary aims were to examine the effect of WTD status on one-year outcomes. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 2073 patients undergoing 2073 THAs (mean age 67.4 years (sd 11.6; 14 to 95); mean body mass index (BMI) 28.5 kg/m2 (sd 5.7; 15 to 72); 1253 female (60%)) and 2168 patients undergoing 2168 TKAs (mean age 69.3 years (sd 9.6; 22 to 91); BMI 30.8 kg/m2 (sd 5.8; 13 to 57); 1244 female (57%)) were recorded. Univariate analysis was used to identify variables associated with an EQ-5D score < 0: age, BMI, sex, deprivation quintile, comorbidities, and joint-specific function measured using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) or Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Multivariate logistic regression was performed. EQ-5D and OHS/OKS were repeated one year following surgery in 1555 THAs and 1700 TKAs. Results Preoperatively, 391 THA patients (19%) and 263 TKA patients (12%) were WTD. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative OHS, deprivation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in THA, and OKS, peripheral arterial disease, and inflammatory arthropathy in TKA as independently associated with WTD status (p < 0.05). One year following arthroplasty EQ-5D scores improved significantly (p < 0.001) and WTD rates reduced to 35 (2%) following THA and 53 (3%) following TKA. Patients who were WTD preoperatively achieved significantly (p < 0.001) worse joint-specific Oxford scores and satisfaction rates one year following joint arthroplasty, compared with those not WTD preoperatively. Conclusion In total, 19% of patients awaiting THA and 12% awaiting TKA for degenerative joint disease are in a health state WTD. Although specific comorbidities contribute to this, hip- or knee-specific function, mainly pain, appear key determinants and can be reliably reversed with an arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:941–950.
Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Nyeri Kepala Primer pada Masyarakat Daerah Pesisir Desa Nusalaut, Ambon
Authors: HABEL PRISKILLA ROSSE GRATIA , SILALAHI PARNINGOTAN YOSI , TAIHUTTU YUNIASIH 
Published: July 2019

<p class="TextAbstract">Introduction: Sleep disorders and primary headaches (NKP) is a common disease in the community and both relate reciprocally. Some of the factors associated with the onset of primary headache include poor sleep quality, fatigue, change in temperature. Coastal communities are groups of people who have high risk factors for developing such disorders. This study aimed to explore the relationship between quality of sleep and primary headaches in coastal communities in Nusalaut which never held backward.</p><p class="TextAbstract">Methods: Data was collected by using a cross sectional study conducted in communities in Nusalaut amounted to 190 people with data retrieval techniques cluster random sampling. Quality of sleep was assessed by The Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while primary headache was assessed by questionnaire and Ong BK KH HO-C. Descriptive analysis to determine the characteristics of the subject while the correlation between sleep quality with primary headache is done by Spearman correlation test.</p><p class="TextAbstract">Results: The results showed there is a significant association between factors such as gender, age and type of work with quality bedding and primary headaches while between quality of sleep and primary headaches do not have a meaningful correlation with the strength of the correlation was very weak (p = 0.323). </p><p class="TextAbstract">Conclusion: there was no significant correlation between quality of sleep and primary headaches.</p>
Sensitivitas Metode Pemeriksaan Mikroskopis Fluorokrom dan Ziehl-Neelsen untuk Deteksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada Sputum
Authors: SURYAWATI BETTY , SAPTAWATI LELI , PUTRI ASTARI FEBYANE , APHRIDASARI JATU 
Published: July 2019

<p class="AbstractNormal"><em>Background: Detection of fast acid bacteria (FAB) using smear microscopy is used as a primary screening for tuberculosis diagnosis. Previous studies have shown that fluorochrome </em>(<em>Auroamine-rhodamine</em>) <em>staining showed better sensitivity compared to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method in the detection of FAB in sputum. However this method has not been recommended for routine use including in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of fluorochrome compared to ZN to detect FAB in patient’s sputum.</em><em></em></p><p class="AbstractNormal"><em>Methods: </em><em>This study analyzed 60 sputum samples from patients with tuberculosis and suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Samples were obtained consecutively from microbiology laboratory</em><em> Moewardi Hospital, Indonesia. Each sample was examined using ZN and fluorochrome staining and cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium.</em><em> Data were analyzed using sensitivity and spesificity tests.</em></p><p class="AbstractNormal"><em>Results: ZN staining detected FAB in 12 samples (10%), while fluorochrome detected FAB in 17 samples (28%). The sensitivity and specificity of ZN staining were 70% and 90% while these for fluorochrome were 90% and 84%. </em><em></em></p><p class="AbstractNormal"><em>Conclusions: The sensitivity of fluorochrome staining is better compared to ZN staining. This method can be recommended for early detection of tuberculosis.</em><em></em></p><p class="AbstractNormal"><em> </em></p>
Population-based observational study of acute pancreatitis in southern England
Authors:   PanWessex Study Group,   on behalf of the Wessex Surgical Trainee Research Collaborative, Mirnezami Alex , Knight Ben , Moran Brendan , Noble Fergus , Branagan Graham , Primrose John , Pearson Katherine , West Malcolm , Curtis Nathan , Pucher Phil , Cuttress Ramsey , Pugh Sian , Underwood Tim 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Acute pancreatitis is a common surgical emergency. Identifying variations in presentation, incidence and management may assist standardisation and optimisation of care. The objective of the study was to document the current incidence management and outcomes of acute pancreatitis against international guidelines, and to assess temporal trends over the past 20 years. Methods A prospective four-month audit of patients with acute pancreatitis was performed across the Wessex region. The Atlanta 2012 classifications were used to define cases, severity and complications. Outcomes were recorded using validated systems and correlated against guideline standards. Case ascertainment was validated with clinical coding and hospital episode statistics data. Results A total of 283 patient admissions with acute pancreatitis were identified. Aetiology included 153 gallstones (54%), 65 idiopathic (23%), 29 alcohol (10%), 9 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (3%), 6 drug related (2%), 5 tumour (2%) and 16 other (6%). Compliance with guidelines had improved compared with our previous regional audit. Results were 6.5% mortality, 74% severity stratification, 23% idiopathic cases, 65% definitive treatment of gallstones within 2 weeks, 39% computed tomography within 6–10 days of severe pancreatitis presentation and 82% severe pancreatitis critical care admission. The Atlanta 2012 severity criteria significantly correlated with critical care stay, length of stay, development of complications and mortality (2% vs 6% vs 36%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions The incidence of acute pancreatitis in southern England has risen substantially. The Atlanta 2012 classification identifies patients with severe pancreatitis who have a high risk of fatal outcome. Acute pancreatitis management is seen to have evolved in keeping with new evidence and updated clinical guidelines.
Inovação Pedagógica de Base Tecnológica e qualidade na gestão da Educação Básica
Authors: Ramalho Bethania Leite , Núñez Isauro Beltrán 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo discute a relação entre inovação tecnológica, qualidade na condução da Educação Básica obrigatória e o papel inovador que ocupa o Sistema Integrado da Gestão da Educação-SIGEduc nas escolas estaduais do Rio Grande do Norte/RN, Brasil. Vivendo, atualmente, momentos críticos, a escola depara-se com o desafio de superar os preceitos e rotinas da chamada escola tradicional, com vistas às novas demandas de um mundo em constante transformação. Nesse sentido, o que deve ser ensinado e aprendido no âmbito da educação escolar passa, também, por necessárias inovações tecnológicas e pedagógicas afim de motivar alunos e professores em torno das aprendizagens de conhecimentos e habilidades inerentes à etapa da escolarização obrigatória. O cenário de insucesso das aprendizagens, revelado nas avaliações nacionais do SAEB/INEP expõe o fracasso dessa política onde a escola, a família e a sociedade são partes e ao mesmo tempo vítimas da ineficiência da educação escolar entregue pela esfera pública. Dessa feita, um dos efeitos bem visíveis recai na incapacidade do Estado garantir ao estudante o direito dele aprender os conhecimentos e as habilidades básicas da escolarização obrigatória na escola em que frequentam e adquirir as oportunidades para tornar-se um cidadão pleno. Apoiada na literatura, em estatísticas oficiais e em vivências frente à Secretaria Estadual de Educação e Cultura -SEEC/RN, entre 2011 e 2014, o presente estudo traz à tona uma reflexão teórica, metodológica e contextualizada a respeito da ITBP e apresenta os avanços do SIGEduc como ferramenta provedora de uma nova cultura de gestão técnica, administrativa e pedagógica do sistema estadual de ensino do RN, que envolve 167 municípios, 608 escolas, mais de 30 mil servidores (professores e técnicos administrativos). Trata-se de uma pesquisa mais ampla que vem sendo desenvolvida, de modo colaborativo, na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, do Mestrado em Inovação e Tecnologias Educacionais do Instituto Metrópole Digital e a SEEC/RN.