bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“When We Gonna Quit? The 31st Of Never!”
Authors: Farrugia Rebekah , Hay Kellie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study combines ethnographic fieldwork and textual analysis of musical tracks to explore the ways that women hip hop emcees are making claims to Detroit: sonically, discursively, and materially. Articulating the larger role this music plays in the effort to mobilize citizens is especially important in the wake of recent tensions tied to Detroit’s myriad problems and its redevelopment strategies post-bankruptcy. This chapter illustrates the ways that this music reclaims urban space, filling it not only with silenced voices but also with the rhythmic, melodic, driving, and gritty sounds of hip hop. It also functions as a primary means for organizing and practicing both community and individual ethics of self-care in a city where neoliberal policies of urban renewal and gentrification are victimizing its population.
The Ghosts Got You
Authors: Powell Elliot H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article examines the rather unknown digital sampling practice known as ghosting, a way of sampling a recording without providing its auditory evidence, in order to consider the musical and extramusical implications of sampling in hip hop. It uses the Timbaland-produced recordings of Justin Timberlake’s “SexyBack” and Nelly Furtado’s “Say It Right” as examples of ghosting that not only illuminate the ways in which sample-based hip hop producers maintain hip hop’s tradition of sampling without concern of violating copyright infringement but also illustrate how sampling establishes queer spatiotemporal interfaces between bodies, technology, and the social formations of race, gender, and sexuality. In all, this chapter posits that ghosting complicates the previous ways in which scholars, critics, and general listeners have come to understand and think about sampling as purely a technical practice; instead, ghosting points to how we must consider sampling’s sociocultural, and especially intersectional, import.
From Black Hipsters to Black Hippy
Authors: Williams Maxwell 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An emergent hip hop genre, which this chapter terms “neo-bohemian,” is characterized by its destabilization of hip hop’s established aesthetic categories. Focusing on three underexplored aspects of flow, this chapter examines how music by neo-bohemian artists, including Kendrick Lamar of Black Hippy, disruptively engages with the elitist, high art aesthetic and bourgeois racial politics of 1980s and 1990s “jazz/bohemian hip hop” while recovering the earlier genre’s unstable connection to 1940s bebop. This “cultural genealogy” is best understood in relation to the historical aesthetic of “hipness” while necessitating new understandings of black hip expression that account for experiences of hybridity and double consciousness. From this perspective, neo-bohemian hip hop emerges as an expressive space capable of accommodating the fluidity and diversity of black subjectivity in the United States. Analysis of neo-bohemian flow provides a model for an integrated, social-musical engagement with rap music that is lacking in hip hop scholarship.
The Operational Codes of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton
Authors: Walker Stephen G. , Schafer Mark , Smith Gary 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis chapter profiles the bounded rationality of two major candidates for US president in the 2016 presidential election. It identifies their philosophical beliefs regarding (1) the friendly or hostile nature of the political universe, (2) the achievement of fundamental political values, (3) the predictability of the future, (4) control over historical development, and (5) the role of chance in political life. It also examines their instrumental beliefs regarding (1) the optimum strategic approach to political goals, (2) tactical flexibility in carrying out a strategy, (3) calculation and management of risk, (4) role of timing, and (5) utility of various means in taking political action. These beliefs define a leader’s “operational code” regarding the exercise of power by self and others in world politics. The chapter extrapolates from these beliefs some game theory predictions for how Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton as the next US president would exercise power in world politics.
James and British Philosophy
Authors: Misak Cheryl 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This chapter will explore how James’s pragmatism and British philosophy were intertwined during the first decades of the twentieth century. James’s influence on the Oxford pragmatist F. C.S. Schiller is well known. So is his negative impact on the Cambridge philosophers Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore, who took themselves to be resolutely anti-pragmatist. This “Ten Years War” will be examined in some detail. But what is less known is James’s positive influence on Cambridge philosophy. We shall see that Russell made a pragmatist turn after James’s death, and that move heavily influenced the young and brilliant Frank Ramsey. In turn, Ramsey, the only philosopher Wittgenstein rated highly, influenced Wittgenstein. Those ripples of influence continued well after Ramsey’s death at the age of 26 in 1930.
A Framework and Resources for Shared Decision Making: Opportunities for Improved Physical Therapy Outcomes
Authors: Moore Cindy L , Kaplan Sandra L 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Shared decision making (SDM) is a collaborative approach between clinicians and patients, where the best available evidence is integrated with patients’ values and preferences for managing their health problems. Shared decision making may enhance patient-centered care and increase patients’ satisfaction, engagement, adherence, and ability to self-manage their conditions. Despite its potential benefits, SDM is underutilized by physical therapists, and frequent mismatches between patients’ and therapists’ rehabilitation goals have been reported. Physical therapists can use evidence-based strategies, tools, and techniques to address these problems. This paper presents a model for SDM and explains its association with improved patient outcomes and relevance to situations commonly encountered in physical therapy. It describes freely available resources, including health literacy universal precautions, teach-back, motivational interviewing, decision aids, and patient-reported outcome measures that can help physical therapists integrate SDM into their clinical practices. This paper also explains SDM facilitators and barriers, suggests a theoretical framework to address them, and highlights the need for SDM promotion within physical therapy practice, education, administration, and research.
Limited Stock Market Participation Among Renters and Homeowners
Authors: Vestman Roine 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The stock market participation rate among homeowners is twice as high as among renters. This paper builds a life-cycle portfolio choice model with endogenous housing tenure choice. A stylized form of preference heterogeneity generates a substantial difference in participation rates. A majority of households have a large savings motive and choose to be homeowners and participate. A minority of households have a small savings motive and find it less worthwhile to participate. Fewer of these households become homeowners. Difference-in-difference regressions on panel data do not find evidence of a crowding-out effect of homeownership on participation, supporting the message that preference heterogeneity matters.
Received January 25, 2017; editorial decision March 21, 2018 by Editor Wei Jiang. Authors have furnished an Online Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Rifaximin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: hit multiple targets with a single shot
Authors: Abdel-Razik Ahmed , Mousa Nasser , Shabana Walaa , Refaey Mohamed , Elzehery Rasha , Elhelaly Rania , Zalata Khaled , Abdelsalam Mostafa , Eldeeb Ahmed A. , Awad Mahmoud , Elgamal Ayman , Attia Ahmed , El-Wakeel Niveen , Eldars Waleed 
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may include increased insulin resistance, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, and BMI. Rifaximin is a minimally absorbable antibiotic that might act against a broad spectrum of gut bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rifaximin on NAFLD.

Patients and methods
Fifty participants with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were registered in this multicentric, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BMI, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, lipid profile, serum endotoxin, homeostatic model assessment, toll-like receptor-4, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) levels were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months of rifaximin therapy (1100 mg/day).

Results
Patients were randomized into two groups (rifaximin group; n=25 and placebo group; n=25). After 6 months of rifaximin therapy, patients with NASH showed a significant reduction in homeostatic model assessment, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, endotoxin, toll-like receptor-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, CK-18, and NAFLD-liver fat score (all P<0.05), but no changes in the lipid profile; moreover, there was a mild nonstatistically significant reduction of BMI. However, in the placebo group, there was no significant difference in these variables at baseline and after therapy.

Conclusion
Rifaximin therapy appears to be effective and safe in modifying NASH through reduction of serum endotoxin and improvement of insulin resistance, proinflammatory cytokines, CK-18, and NAFLD-liver fat score.
Evolutionarily developed connections compromised in schizophrenia
Authors: van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Scholtens Lianne H. , de Lange Siemon C. , Pijnenburg Rory , Cahn Wiepke , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Sommer Iris , Li Longchuan , Preuss Todd , Rilling James K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe genetic basis and uniquely human character of schizophrenia has led to the notion of human brain evolution to have resulted in vulnerability to the disorder. We examined schizophrenia-related changes in brain connectivity in the context of evolutionary changes in human brain wiring by comparingin-vivoneuroimaging data from humans, chimpanzees and macaque monkeys. We find that evolutionary changes in human connectome organization overlap with the pattern of schizophrenia-related changes in brain connectivity, with connections evolutionary enhanced in the human brain showing significantly more involvement in schizophrenia pathology than connections shared between humans and non-human primates (effects shown in three independent patient-control datasets). Our findings suggest that the evolution of brain wiring in support of complex brain function in humans may have come at the cost of an increased vulnerability to brain dysfunction in disease.
deepMc: deep Matrix Completion for imputation of single cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Mongia Aanchal , Sengupta Debarka , Majumdar Angshul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSingle cell RNA-seq has fueled discovery and innovation in medicine over the past few years and is useful for studying cellular responses at individual cell resolution. But, due to paucity of starting RNA, the data acquired is highly sparse. To address this, We propose a deep matrix factorization based method, deepMc, to impute missing values in gene-expression data. For the deep architecture of our approach, We draw our motivation from great success of deep learning in solving various Machine learning problems. In this work, We support our method with positive results on several evaluation metrics like clustering of cell populations, differential expression analysis and cell type separability.
Abnormalities of placental development and function are associated with the different fetal growth patterns of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Troja Weston , Owens Kathryn J. , Courtney Jennifer , Hinton Andrea C. , Hinton Robert B. , Cnota James F. , Jones Helen N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundBirthweight is a critical predictor of congenital heart disease (CHD) surgical outcomes. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is cyanotic CHD with known fetal growth restriction and placental abnormalities. Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is cyanotic CHD with normal fetal growth. Comparison of the placenta in these diagnoses may provide insights on the fetal growth abnormality of CHD.MethodsClinical data and placental histology from placentas associated with Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) were analyzed for gross pathology, morphology, maturity and vascularity and compared to both control and previously analyzed HLHS placentas [1]. RNA was isolated from HLHS, TGA and control placentas and sequenced by Illumina HiSeq.Gene, analysis was performed using TopHat, R and MSigDB. Cluster analysis was performed using GoElite and Pathway analysis performed using PANTHERdb Overrepresentation Test. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to assess placental nutrient transporter expression in all three groups.ResultsPlacental weight was reduced in TGA cases, and demonstrated reduced villous vasculature, immature terminal villi, and increased fibrin deposition in the parenchyma compared to controls and reflected our previous data from HLHS placentas. However, birth weight was not reduced in TGA cases compared to controls in contrast to the HLHS cohort and birthweight:placental weight ratio was significantly increased in TGA cases but not HLHS compared to control. Need to include RNA and IHC.ConclusionsDespite common vascular disturbances in placentas from HLHAs and TGA, these do not account for the
Expanding Parkinson’s disease genetics: novel risk loci, genomic context, causal insights and heritable risk
Authors: Nalls Mike A. , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Vallerga Costanza L. , Heilbron Karl , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Chang Diana , Tan Manuela , Kia Demis A. , Noyce Alastair J. , Xue Angli , Bras Jose , Young Emily , von Coelln Rainer , Simón-Sánchez Javier , Schulte Claudia , Sharma Manu , Krohn Lynne , Pihlstrom Lasse , Siitonen Ari , Iwaki Hirotaka , Leonard Hampton , Faghri Faraz , Raphael Gibbs J. , Hernandez Dena G. , Scholz Sonja W. , Botia Juan A. , Martinez Maria , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Lesage Suzanne , Jankovic Joseph , Shulman Lisa M. ,   The 23andMe Research Team,   System Genomics of Parkinson’s Disease (SGPD) Consortium, Sutherland Margaret , Tienari Pentti , Majamaa Kari , Toft Mathias , Andreassen Ole A. , Bangale Tushar , Brice Alexis , Yang Jian , Gan-Or Ziv , Gasser Thomas , Heutink Peter , Shulman Joshua M , Wood Nicolas , Hinds David A. , Hardy John A. , Morris Huw R , Gratten Jacob , Visscher Peter M. , Graham Robert R. , Singleton Andrew B. ,   for the International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe performed the largest genome-wide association study of PD to date, involving the analysis of 7.8M SNPs in 37.7K cases, 18.6K UK Biobank proxy-cases, and 1.4M controls. We identified 90 independent genome-wide significant signals across 78 loci, including 38 independent risk signals in 37 novel loci. These variants explained 26-36% of the heritable risk of PD. Tests of causality within a Mendelian randomization framework identified putatively causal genes for 70 risk signals. Tissue expression enrichment analysis suggested that signatures of PD loci were heavily brain-enriched, consistent with specific neuronal cell types being implicated from single cell expression data. We found significant genetic correlations with brain volumes, smoking status, and educational attainment. In sum, these data provide the most comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture of PD to date by revealing many additional PD risk loci, providing a biological context for these risk factors, and demonstrating that a considerable genetic component of this disease remains unidentified.
Homing and Egg Discrimination in the Western Slimy Salamander,Plethodon albagula(Caudata: Plethodontidae)
Authors: Jordan Robyn R. , Milanovich Joseph R. , Mccallum Malcolm L. , Trauth Stanley E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn some species of vertebrates egg brooding is a costly form of parental care. Therefore, misdirection of parental care can significantly lower a female’s fitness. Because of the maternal investment and increased survivorship to offspring from egg guarding, a brooding female should home to her nest site after being displaced a short distance and discriminate between her own eggs and eggs from other females. In this study, we experimentally tested, in the field, alternative hypotheses concerning homing ability and egg discrimination in a population of nesting western slimy salamanders (Plethodon albagula). Fourteen brooding females were displaced 1 m to the left or right of their nest sites (determined randomly) for the homing experiment. Furthermore, brooding females (n = 13) were presented with their own clutches, which were displaced 50 cm to the left or right (determined randomly), and unfamiliar egg clutches at their original nest sites. The females were released at an equal distance from both egg clutches. After 24 hours, 12 displaced females (86%) had returned to their own nest sites and were brooding their egg clutches. Also, after 24 hours, nine test females had returned to their own nest sites and were brooding the unfamiliar egg clutches. No control or test females were present at the other new nest site locations. Therefore, we suggest that brooding femaleP. albagulado home to their nest sites and exhibit indirect egg discrimination.
Dysregulation of EMT Drives the Progression to Clinically Aggressive Sarcomatoid Bladder Cancer
Authors: Guo Charles C. , Majewski Tadeusz , Zhang Li , Yao Hui , Bondaruk Jolanta , Wang Yan , Zhang Shizhen , Wang Ziqiao , Lee June Goo , Lee Sangkyou , Cogdell David , Zhang Miao , Wei Peng , Grossman H. Barton , Kamat Ashish , Duplisea Jonathan James , Ferguson James Edward , Huang He , Dadhania Vipulkumar , Dinney Colin , Weinstein John N. , Baggerly Keith , McConkey David , Czerniak Bogdan 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYThe sarcomatoid variant of urothelial bladder cancer (SARC) displays a high propensity for distant metastasis and is associated with short survival. We report a comprehensive genomic analysis of 28 cases of SARCs and 84 cases of conventional urothelial carcinomas (UCs), with the TCGA cohort of 408 muscle-invasive bladder cancers serving as the reference. SARCs showed a distinct mutational landscape with enrichment ofTP53, RB1, and PIK3CAmutations. They were related to the basal molecular subtype of conventional UCs and could be divided into epithelial/basal and more clinically aggressive mesenchymal subsets based on TP63 and its target genes expression levels. Other analyses revealed that SARCs are driven by downregulation of homotypic adherence genes and dysregulation of cell cycle and EMT networks, and nearly half exhibited a heavily infiltrated immune phenotype. Our observations have important implications for prognostication and the development of more effective therapies for this highly lethal variant of bladder cancer.
HSP-4/BiP expression in secretory cells is regulated by a lineage-dependent differentiation program and not by the unfolded protein response
Authors: Zha Ji , Alexander-Floyd Jasmine , Gidalevitz Tali 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDifferentiation of secretory cells leads to sharp increases in protein synthesis, challenging ER proteostasis. Anticipatory activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) prepares cells for the onset of secretory function by expanding the ER size and folding capacity. How cells ensure that the repertoire of induced chaperones matches their post-differentiation folding needs is not well understood. We find that during differentiation of stem-like seam cells, a typical UPR target, theC. elegansBiP homologue HSP-4, is selectively induced in alae-secreting daughter cells, but is repressed in hypodermal daughter cells. Surprisingly, this lineage-dependent induction bypasses the requirement for UPR signaling, and instead is controlled by a specific developmental program. The repression of HSP-4 in hypodermal-fated cells requires a transcriptional regulator BLMP-1/BLIMP1, involved in differentiation of mammalian secretory cells. The HSP-4 induction is anticipatory, and is required for the integrity of secreted alae. Thus, differentiation programs can directly control a broad-specificity chaperone that is normally stress-dependent, to ensure the integrity of secreted proteins.
A nanotube-mediated path to protocell formation
Authors: Köksal Elif Senem , Liese Susanne , Kantarci Ilayda , Olsson Ragni , Carlson Andreas , Gözen Irep 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCellular compartments are membrane-enclosed, spatially distinct microenvironments which confine and protect biochemical reactions in the biological cell. On the early Earth, the autonomous formation of compartments is thought to have led to the encapsulation of nucleotides, thereby satisfying a starting condition for the emergence of life. Recently, surfaces have come into focus as potential platforms for the self-assembly of prebiotic compartments, as significantly enhanced vesicle formation was reported in the presence of solid interfaces. The detailed mechanism of such formation at the mesoscale is still under discussion. We report here on the spontaneous transformation of solid surface-adhered lipid deposits to unilamellar membrane compartments through a straightforward sequence of topological changes, proceeding via a network of interconnected lipid nanotubes. We show that this transformation is entirely driven by surface-free energy minimization and does not require hydrolysis of organic molecules, or external stimuli such as electrical currents or mechanical agitation. The vesicular structures take up and encapsulate their external environment during formation, and can subsequently separate and migrate upon exposure to hydrodynamic flow. This may link, for the first time, the self-directed transition from weakly organized bioamphiphile assemblies on solid surfaces to protocells with secluded internal contents.SignificanceThe nature of the physical and chemical mechanisms behind the formation, growth and division of the earliest protocells is among the key questions concerning the origin of life. Establishing a simple pathway for the assembly of protocell structures from the primordial soup is a particular challenge. Emerging evidence supporting the assumption that solid surfaces have a governing role in protocell formation has recently expanded the scope, and created new inspiration for investigation. By presenting a physical path from self-assembled amphiphile-based membranes on solid surfaces to spherical single-membrane compartments via a consistent sequence of transformations, solely driven by the materials properties of the interfaces, a direct link between the presence of functional biomolecules and the development of protocells can be established.