bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Study of the Nonablative Fractional 1565-nm Er:glass and the Picosecond Fractional 1064/532-nm Nd:YAG Lasers in the Treatment of Striae Alba: A Split Body Double-Blinded Trial
Authors: Zaleski-Larsen Lisa A. , Jones Isabela T. , Guiha Isabella , Wu Douglas C. , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND
Few effective treatments exist for striae alba, which are the mature stage of stretch marks.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of the nonablative fractional 1,565-nm Erbium-glass (Er:glass) and the picosecond fractional 1,064/532-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers in the treatment of striae alba.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty subjects with striae alba on the bilateral abdomen were treated with either the nonablative fractional 1565-nm Er:glass or the picosecond fractional 1,064/532-nm Nd:YAG laser, with a total of 3 treatments 3 weeks apart.

RESULTS
A 31% (1.25/4) texture improvement was noted for both the fractional 1,565-nm Er:glass laser and the picosecond fractional 1,064/532-nm Nd:YAG laser. The degree of atrophy was improved by 30% (1.19/4) with the 1,565-nm Er:glass laser and 35% (1.38/4) with the picosecond 1,064/532-nm Nd:YAG laser. A 48% (1.9/4) subject overall assessment of improvement was noted with the fractional 1565-nm Er:glass laser and 45% (1.8/4) improvement with the picosecond fractional 1,064/532-nm Nd:YAG laser. There was no significant change in striae density with either laser. The picosecond laser was rated as less painful during all 3 sessions (p = .002) and had a shorter healing time (p = .035). The nonablative fractional 1,565-nm Er:glass and the picosecond fractional 1,064/532-nm Nd:YAG lasers were equally efficacious in improving striae alba.
Pharmacokinetics of Doripenem in Healthy Koreans and Monte Carlo Simulations to Explore Optimal Dosage Regimens in Patients With Normal and Enhanced Renal Function
Authors: Kim So Won , Choe Sangmin , Kim Dong Jin , Zang Dae Young , Lee Dong-Hwan 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Dose adjustment is often required in patients with normal or enhanced renal function. The aim of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of doripenem and explore optimal dosing regimens in patients with normal or enhanced renal function according to various minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs).

Methods:
The authors conducted a clinical trial and analyzed PK samples in 11 healthy Korean subjects applying noncompartmental analysis and a population approach. The population PK parameter estimates were used in Monte Carlo simulations to explore optimal dosing regimens for a probability of target attainment of 90% at 40% fTMIC (free drug concentrations above MIC).

Results:
The time course of doripenem concentrations was well described by a 2-compartment model. The population typical values of clearance and steady-state volume were 22.9 L/h and 19.1 L, respectively, and were consistent with our noncompartmental analysis results. When the MIC was greater than 1 mcg/mL, at least increasing the dose or prolonging the infusion time was essential in patients with normal or enhanced renal function.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that dosage adjustment such as increasing the dose or lengthening the infusion time should be considered in patients with normal or enhanced renal function.
Impact of Drug Interactions on Clobazam and N-Desmethylclobazam Concentrations in Pediatric Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Russell Gabrielle R. , Phelps Stephanie J. , Shelton Chasity M. , Wheless James W. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Clobazam (CLB) is approved as adjunctive treatment for seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in patients aged 2 years and older. It is converted to an active metabolite N-desmethylclobazam (NCLB) by CYP3A4, which is then broken down to an inactive metabolite by CYP2C19. This study characterizes the impact of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 drug interactions on CLB and NCLB serum concentrations (Cp) and concentration/dose (Cp/D) ratios in pediatric patients with epilepsy.

Methods:
This was a retrospective chart review including patients older than 1 month, who received CLB between April 2012 and March 2017. Extracted data included patient demographics, CLB daily dose, CLB and NCLB Cp, calculated CLB and NCLB Cp/Cp and Cp/D ratios, and all concomitant drugs.

Results:
The study included 995 CLB concentration sets from 302 patients (median age 7.6 years and range 0.2–40.1 years). Pharmacokinetic variability was extensive, as seen by widespread ranges of CLB and NCLB Cp, NCLB/CLB Cp ratio, and 3 Cp/D ratios (CLB, NCLB, and CLB + NCLB). Comedications, described as CYP3A4 inducers and/or CYP2C19 inhibitors (carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine, felbamate, (fos)phenytoin, oxcarbazepine, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, rufinamide, and topiramate), generally increased NCLB/CLB Cp ratio (267%–400%), NCLB Cp/D ratio (167%–202%), and CLB + NCLB Cp/D ratio (142%–185%) and decreased CLB Cp/D ratio (47%–76%) compared with a group of concentration sets in patients receiving only neutral comedications (P < 0.025 for all comparisons). Older age was associated with higher Cp/D ratios (mg/kg), indicative of decreased clearance.

Conclusions:
Pharmacokinetic variability of CLB in pediatric patients is extensive, and it is influenced by drug–drug interactions and age. Therapeutic drug monitoring of CLB and active metabolite NCLB with calculation of various Cp/Cp and Cp/D ratios can provide useful insight into CLB pharmacokinetics and help differentiate between causes of variability.
The effects of emotional intelligence training on the job performance of Australian aged care workers
Authors: Karimi Leila , Leggat Sandra G. , Bartram Timothy , Rada Jiri 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Emotional intelligence (EI) training is popular among human resource practitioners, but there is limited evidence of the impact of such training on health care workers.

Purpose:
In the current article, we examine the effects of EI training on quality of resident care and worker well-being and psychological empowerment in an Australian aged care facility. We use Bar-On’s (1997) conceptualization of EI.

Methodology/Approach:
We used a quasiexperimental design in 2014–2015 with experimental (training) and control (nontraining) groups of 60 participants in each group in two geographically separate facilities. Our final poststudy sample size was 27 participants for the training group and 17 participants for the control group. Over a 6-month period, we examined whether staff improved their well-being, psychological empowerment, and job performance measured as enhanced quality of care (self-rated and client-rated) by applying skills in EI.

Results:
The results showed significant improvement among workers in the training group for EI scores, quality of care, general well-being, and psychological empowerment. There were no significant differences for the control group.

Practice Implications:
Through examining the impact of EI training on staff and residents of an aged care facility, we demonstrate the benefits of EI training for higher quality of care delivery. This study demonstrates the practical process through which EI training can improve the work experiences of aged care workers, as well as the quality of care for residents.
Evaluating Plutonium Intake and Radiation Dose Following Extensive Chelation Treatment
Authors: Dumit Sara , Avtandilashvili Maia , Tolmachev Sergei Y. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A voluntary partial-body donor (US Transuranium and Uranium Registries case 0785) was accidentally exposed to 239Pu via inhalation and wounds. This individual underwent medical treatment including wound excision and extensive chelation treatment with calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Approximately 2.2 kBq of 239Pu was measured in the wound site 44 y after the accident. Major soft tissues and selected bones were collected at autopsy and radiochemically analyzed for 238Pu, 239Pu, and 241Am. Postmortem systemic retention of 238Pu, 239Pu, and 241Am was estimated to be 32.0 ± 1.4 Bq, 2,172 ± 70 Bq, and 394 ± 15 Bq, respectively. Approximately 3% of 239Pu whole-body activity was still retained in the lungs 51 y after the accident indicating exposure to insoluble plutonium material. To estimate the intake and calculate radiation dose, urine measurements not affected by chelation treatment, in vivo chest counts, and postmortem radiochemical analysis data were simultaneously fitted using Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis Professional Plus software. The currently recommended International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 130 human respiratory tract model and National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report 156 wound model were used with default parameters. The intake, adjusted for 239Pu removed by chelation treatment, was estimated at approximately 79.5 kBq with 68% resulting from inhalation and 32% from the wound. Inhaled plutonium was predominantly insoluble type S material (74%) with insoluble plutonium fragments deposited in the wound. Only 1.3% reduction in radiation dose was achieved by chelation treatment. The committed effective dose was calculated to be 1.49 Sv. Using urine data available for this case, the effect of chelation therapy was evaluated. Urinary excretion enhancement factors were calculated as 83 ± 52 and 38 ± 17 for initial and delayed calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatments, respectively, and as 18 ± 5 for delayed calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. The enhancement factor decreases proportionally to an inverse cubic root of time after intake. For delayed calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment, with five consecutive daily administrations, the enhancement factor increased from day 1 to 4, followed by approximately a 50% drop on day 5. The half-time of plutonium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex removal in urine was evaluated to be 1.4 d.
INTRAVITREAL ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT AT 2-MONTH INTERVALS REDUCES FOVEAL AVASCULAR ZONE ENLARGEMENT AND VISION LOSS IN RADIATION MACULOPATHY
Authors: Daruich Alejandra , Matet Alexandre , Schalenbourg Ann , Zografos Leonidas 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate, in eyes with radiation maculopathy, the effect of 2-month-interval anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on best-corrected visual acuity and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) enlargement using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:
Consecutive treatment-naive patients with radiation maculopathy after proton beam irradiation for choroidal melanoma were retrospectively included. Clinical and optical coherence tomography angiography data at baseline and the 6-month visit were recorded. Two independent observers measured FAZ area manually on 3 × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography images of the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus. Patients were encouraged to follow strictly a 2-month-interval intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment by either bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Findings were analyzed based on the adherence to the treatment scheme.

Results:
According to the adherence to the bimonthly anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment protocol, patients were categorized into 3 groups: treatment protocol (n = 19, strict adherence), variable intervals (n = 11, intervals other than 2 months), and no treatment (n = 11). The estimated radiation dose to the foveola in each group was 49 ± 16, 46 ± 17, and 46 ± 18 cobalt gray equivalent, respectively (P = 0.85). For the entire cohort, best-corrected visual acuity loss (P < 0.02) and FAZ enlargement (P < 0.0001) were observed over 6 months. Best-corrected visual acuity loss was significantly less pronounced in the treatment-protocol group than in the variable-interval and no-treatment groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.004). The FAZ enlargement was lower in the treatment-protocol group compared with the variable-interval group for both superficial capillary plexus (P = 0.029) and deep capillary plexus (P = 0.03), and to the no-treatment group for the deep capillary plexus only (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:
Decrease in best-corrected visual acuity and FAZ enlargement on optical coherence tomography angiography occurred over 6 months in eyes with radiation maculopathy and were significantly reduced under 2-month-interval anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
HEMI-TEMPORAL INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING IS AS EFFECTIVE AND SAFE AS CONVENTIONAL FULL PEELING FOR MACULAR HOLE SURGERY
Authors: Shiono Akira , Kogo Jiro , Sasaki Hiroki , Yomoda Ryo , Jujo Tatsuya , Tokuda Naoto , Kitaoka Yasushi , Takagi Hitoshi 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the efficacy of hemi-temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for idiopathic macular hole.

Methods:
The medical records of patients with macular holes who had undergone vitrectomy with ILM peeling were studied. Forty-two eyes with macular hole were divided into 2 groups based on surgical procedure (hemi-temporal ILM peeling [hemi group]: 15 eyes; 360° ILM peeling [360° group]: 27 eyes). The closure rates and distances between the optic disc and the intersection of two retinal vessels most closely located nasally or temporally to the macular hole were compared.

Results:
The primary closure rates were not significantly different between the two groups (hemi group: 93.3%; 360° group: 92.5%, P = 0.92). The temporal retinal vessels in the hemi group were displaced 120.5 ± 102.0 µm toward the optic disc at 1 week postoperatively, which did not differ significantly from the 360° group (136.1 ± 106.1 µm) (P = 0.107). However, the nasal retinal vessels in the hemi group were displaced by 42.4 ± 42.9 µm at 1 week postoperatively, which was significantly less than the 90.1 ± 77.3 µm displacement seen in the 360° group (P = 0.040).

Conclusion:
Hemi-temporal ILM peeling may be preferable to 360° ILM peeling because of less displacement of the retina and greater safety.
COMMUNITY-ASSOCIATED METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SUBRETINAL ABSCESS IN A NONBACTEREMIC PATIENT TREATED WITH INTERNAL DRAINAGE AND RETINECTOMY
Authors: Yang Jessica F. , Kishore Kamal 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus subretinal abscess that continued to progress, despite intravitreal and systemic antibiotic therapy.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of a 77-year-old female patient with well-controlled diabetes mellitus who developed a left eye endophthalmitis and subretinal abscess from methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization in the absence of any systemic focus of infection.

Results:
The abscess and endophthalmitis resolved after the second pars plana vitrectomy that included drainage of a subretinal abscess after the failure of initial pars plana vitrectomy, and intravitreal and systemic antibiotics. Retinal detachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy necessitated the third pars plana vitrectomy 2 weeks after the second pars plana vitrectomy.

Conclusion:
The authors present an unusual case of methicillin-resistant S. aureus subretinal abscess in a patient with methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization with negative blood, aqueous humor culture, and vitreous culture but a positive culture from subretinal aspirate.
PRESUMED TUBERCULOUS MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS IN PATIENTS UNDER TREATMENT WITH BIOLOGIC AGENTS
Authors: Arantes Tiago E. , Lima Luiz H. , Bressanin Gláucio L. , Marques Cláudia D. , Duarte Ângela B. , Muccioli Cristina 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To report unique retinal fundus lesions and treatment outcomes of intraocular tuberculosis in patients under anti–tumor necrosis factor treatment.

Methods:
Retrospective review of two patients with laboratorial evidence of tuberculosis who had bilateral ocular signs and symptoms not attributable to other diseases. Multimodal imaging was analyzed at the time of presentation and after the treatment initiation. The study patients underwent standard treatment for tuberculosis.

Results:
Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with the diagnosis of presumed tuberculosis. Color fundus photograph revealed the presence of multifocal yellowish retinal spots in the study eyes. On fluorescein angiography, the retinal lesions seen on color fundus photograph showed early hypofluorescence with progressive staining of its edges. Occlusive vasculitis with peripheral nonperfusion was also observed in both cases. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated increased reflectivity and thickness on the topography of retinitis lesions. After specific antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis, there was complete disappearance of the retinal lesions in all study eyes.

Conclusion:
We report two unique cases of bilateral presumed intraocular tuberculosis presenting as multifocal retinitis in patients under biologic agent treatment. Anti–tumor necrosis factor agents may be related to unusual fundus manifestations of tuberculosis.
Effect of Latanoprost on Choroidal Thickness
Authors: Sahinoglu-Keskek Nedime , Canan Handan 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness during the use of latanoprost eyedrops which shift fluid to the suprachoroidal space and change choroidal perfusion.Materials and Methods:This prospective study included 34 eyes of 17 bilateral glaucoma or ocular hypertensive patients who had no previous hypotensive therapy. Each patient had both eyes treated with latanoprost. Each patient also underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and optical coherence tomography measurement. Choroidal thickness measurements by optical coherence tomography were carried out on the first visit before latanoprost use and at time intervals of 7 and 30 days of therapy.Results:The patients’ mean age was 62.3±11 years (range, 30 to 83 y). Of 17 patients, 7 were female individuals. There were no significant differences in central choroidal thicknesses at the fovea, or at each point within the horizontal nasal and temporal quadrants between visits (P<0.05 for all comparisons).Conclusions:The current study showed that choroidal thickness does not change after latanoprost therapy. However, the choroidal changes of anterior part of the eye can be effected by the latanoprost therapy. Future studies investigating the anterior part of the eye and focusing on both choroidal perfusion and choroidal thickness may give additional information concerning the mechanism of action.
Noninvasive Detection of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ocular Hypertension and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Geyman Lawrence S. , Suwan Yanin , Garg Reena , Field Matthew G. , Krawitz Brian D. , Mo Shelley , Pinhas Alexander , Ritch Robert , Rosen Richard B. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To assess mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo in ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using retinal metabolic analysis.

Patients and Methods:
This was an observational, cross-sectional study performed from November 2015 to October 2016 at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai. Thirty-eight eyes with varying stages of POAG, 16 eyes with OHT, and 32 control eyes were imaged on a custom fundus camera modified to measure full retinal thickness fluorescence at a wavelength optimized to detect flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF). Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the retinal ganglion cell-plus layer (RGC+) thickness. Macular FPF and the ratio of macular FPF to RGC+ thickness were the primary outcome variables and were compared among the three groups using an age-adjusted linear regression model. A mixed-effects model was used to assess correlations between FPF variables and clinical characteristics.

Results:
Both macular FPF and the macular FPF/RGC+ thickness ratio were significantly increased in OHT compared with control eyes (P<0.05 and <0.01, respectively). In POAG eyes, macular FPF was not significantly increased compared with controls (P=0.24). However, the macular FPF/RGC+ thickness ratio in POAG eyes was significantly increased compared with controls (P<0.001). FPF was significantly correlated to age in POAG eyes.

Conclusions:
Despite lacking clinical evidence of glaucomatous deterioration, OHT eyes displayed significantly elevated macular FPF, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may be detected before structural changes visible on current clinical imaging. Our preliminary results suggest that macular FPF analysis may prove to be a useful tool in assessing and evaluating OHT and POAG eyes.
Infectious Morbidity, Mortality and Nutrition in HIV-exposed, Uninfected, Formula-fed Infants
Authors: Yeganeh Nava , Watts D. Heather , Xu Jiahong , Kerin Tara , Joao Esau C. , Pilotto Jose Henrique , Theron Gerhard , Gray Glenda , Santos Breno , Fonseca Rosana , Kreitchmann Regis , Pinto Jorge , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa M. , Veloso Valdilea , Camarca Margaret , Mofenson Lynne , Moye Jack , Nielsen-Saines Karin 
Published: May 2018

Background:
HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants are a growing population with potentially poor health outcomes. We evaluated morbidity and mortality in HEU formula-fed infants enrolled in the NICHD HPTN 040/PACTG 1043 trial.

Methods:
Infectious morbidity, mortality and undernutrition were evaluated within a cohort of 1000 HEU infants enrolled between April 2004 and April 2010 in Brazil (n = 766) and South Africa (n = 234) as part of the NICHD/HPTN 040 trial of 3 different antiretroviral regimens to decrease intrapartum HIV vertical transmission.

Results:
Twenty-three percent of infants had at least 1 infectious serious adverse effect. Infants born to mothers with <12 years of education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–5.9), with maternal viral load of >1,000,000 copies/mL at delivery (AOR, 9.9; 95% CI, 1.6–63.1) were more likely to have infectious serious adverse effects. At 6 months, the infant mortality rate per 1000 live births overall was 22 ± 2.6, 9.1 ± 1.8 in Brazil and 64.1 ± 3 in South Africa. Undernutrition and stunting peaked at 1 month of age with 18% having a weight-for-age Z score ≤−2, and 22% with height for Z score ≤−2. The likelihood of infant mortality was greater among infants born in South Africa compared with Brazil (AOR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.5–15.8), high maternal viral load (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.01–2.9) and birth weight-for-age Z score ≤−2 (AOR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.8–14.8).

Conclusions:
There were high rates of undernutrition, stunting and infectious serious adverse effect in this study’s formula-fed HEU population. Suppressing maternal HIV viral load during the peripartum period may be a modifiable risk factor to decrease infant mortality.