bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining and Deriving the Proper Order of Movements from Prospective Resources, to Contingent Resources, to Reserves and Back
Authors: Moridis Nefeli , Quist Morgan , Lee W. John , Sim Wayne , Blasingame Thomas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology that provides the upstream oil and gas industry with a robust approach to petroleum inventory management. More specifically, we describe the proper order of movements of resources from Prospective Resources to Contingent Resources, to Reserves (and back). Our methodology describes the "causes of change in classification" and what these changes mean when classifying Reserves as well as "resources other than reserves" (ROTR).
We begin with the updated PRMS and COGEH documents (2018). We then define the three steps that are necessary to move through Prospective Resources before we can begin moving into the sub-classes of Contingent Resources. We define the movement for Prospective Resources to become discovered, making these Prospective Resources become Contingent Resources. We define the progression, following discovery, in chance of development and commerciality in the project maturity sub-classes within the Contingent Resources classification. We define the criteria for a technology to become "established" and explain that these technologies must be technically reliable and economic before they can be used for development decisions. Lastly, we define the contingencies and the movement through each contingency for the volumes to become Reserves.
The main results we provide in this work are that the movement from Prospective Resources to Contingent Resources to Reserves cannot be defined by straight movements from one class to another. This means that there is no direct path that can be used to define the movement from Prospective to Contingent Resources, though there are certain criteria that must be met regardless of the project. We also show that certain contingencies, such as price of oil and available technologies, dominate the movement of resource volumes.
Improved Methods of Measuring Proppant Conductivity
Authors: Richard Sterling , Schrader Susan , Schrader Richard , Ereaux Blake 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The recent development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has been accompanied by a rapid expansion in hydraulic fracturing technology. A successful stimulation treatment relies heavily on the performance of the proppant used. Proppant performance has been quantified thoroughly in a laboratory setting for over 30 years through the procedures outlined in API RP61 and later API RP19D, referred to as the short-term test and long-term test, respectively. These procedures produce variable results from test to test, person to person, and lab to lab. As a result, a gross variance of ±20% about a mean is considered within laboratory accuracy for the long-term test, although variances of more than 80% have been recorded.
This variability is thought to be a consequence of the inconsistent packing structure generated by the cell loading process, which creates a loose, incompact arrangement of proppant grains. The focus of this research was the development of a new cell loading process that creates a more repeatable grain packing structure. Applying vibration to the proppant pack prior to testing was evaluated as a means of rearranging the grains into a denser, more compact structure and in turn decreasing the level of variability. A modification of the procedure defined by API RP19D was used to compare the different cell loading techniques in a timely manner. Five methods of applying vibrational energy were investigated, with successively more refined technologies used as research progressed. Preliminary results were encouraging and led to the development of two vibrational methods that substantially decreased gross variance of conductivity measurements. The cell loading technique outlined in API RP19D produced a variance ranging from 13% to 51%, with an average variance of 31% for the entirety of the stress ramp. Both vibrational methods produced variances below the threshold of 20% throughout the stress ramp, with an average variance of 6% for one vibrational method and 11% for the other. These results demonstrate the potential for a vibration modification to the cell loading process to improve the science of conductivity testing.
Spectral Acoustic Logging for Well and Reservoir Performance Evaluation for Chemical EOR Project - During Water Injection Stage
Authors: Al-Qenaie Amna , Chetri Hom , Kumar Priya , Prosvirkin Sergey , Aslanyan Irina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The pilot Chemical EOR project in Sabriyah Field, Kuwait is implemented applying a five-spot pattern: four injectors and one producer. The results of base-line logging campaign performed in EOR area with the purpose of appraising the current state of the reservoir before EOR implementation have been addressed earlier in [1]. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the results and value of reservoir-oriented noise and temperature logging campaign carried out during the water injection stage, before chemical injection.
To investigate the reservoir and well parameters in EOR area, an integrated logging suite consisting of High Precision Temperature (HPT) and Spectral Noise Logging (SNL) tools was run. High-definition broadband SNL tool with a large scanning radius successfully located the active flow units including low-rate ones and differentiated between reservoir flows, behind-casing channelling and leaks in well completion components, even behind multiple barriers. HPT data were analysed to quantify flow/injection profiles by matching the simulated reservoir temperature logs with field measurements under flowing/injection and static conditions, riglessly.
The main objectives of the extensive logging campaign during water injection phase before chemical EOR were to determine the water injection profile in pilot injectors and estimate the effective thickness of the target reservoir zones being developed. It was found out that injection/flow profiles in injectors and producers drilled in a heterogeneous formation were non-uniform: the flow from injector to producer propagated mostly through highly-permeable layers. This resulted in a rapid injection water breakthrough: in the producer, water breakthrough occurred in a highly permeable zone only several feet thick. The least effective thickness (34-38% of the entire perforation zone) was found in the injectors situated to the west of the producer, while in the eastern part of the EOR area the effective thickness of the reservoir was 56-59%. It was also discovered that the underlying formation cooled off considerably after the pilot injection had started, which might be caused by water migration to the lower reservoir zones in offset injector, because no substantial water loss to the underlying formation was detected in the logged injectors.
The information obtained during the surveys will be used for updating the Chemical EOR Project to ensure injection water flow control by injecting chemicals and chart the de-risking and mitigation plan for implementing and testing during EOR pilot.
The results confirmed the possibility of using polymers during development of such kind of a heterogeneous reservoir, and requirements of more due diligence prior to the implementation of EOR pilot.
Identification of a novel mutation in the CACNA1C gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Sun Yajuan , Liu Xiaoyang , Li Jia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Hereditary ataxia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with progressive cerebellar ataxia of the gait and limbs as the main symptoms. The genetic patterns of the disease are diverse but it is mainly divided into autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), and about 45 pathogenic loci have been found in ADCA. The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic defect in a Chinese family with ADCA. Methods: A three-generation Chinese family with ADCA was enrolled in this study, Exome sequencing was conducted in four family members, including the proband, and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: The rs779393130 mutation of the CACNA1C gene co-segregated with the ataxia phenotype in this family. The mutation was not detected in 50 unaffected controls. Conclusions: The rs779393130 mutation of CACNA1C may be associated with the phenotype of the disease. The CACNA1C gene encodes the Cav1.2 (alpha-1) subunit of an L-type calcium channel and this subunit may be related to the ADCA phenotype. These findings may have implications for family clinical monitoring and genetic counseling and may also help in understanding pathogenesis of this disease.
The acceptability and practicability of smartphone applications in self- management of Parkinson's disease patients in China
Authors: Yuan Dezhi , Zhao Qiuye , Hu Jie , Wang Xuefei , Zhang Xiaotian , Jiang Qihui , Tian Kuan , Hu Ling , Luo Huirong , Li Jing , Ran Jianhua , Li Jinfang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Objective：To determine the practicability and attitudes among the elderly with Parkinson's disease (PD) in China unto the use of smartphone applications (APPs) for self-management of chronic condition.
Methods：Patients with PD who participated in the study ranged in age from 52 to 87 years. Questionnaires were collected for attitudes towards using APPs for chronic condition from 204 PD patients, and the results were statistically analyzed.
Results：The surveyed population had a smartphone ownership rate of about 65.19%; Among all patients, 82.84% were willing to use an APP for PD managing; among these patients, those who were inclined to use APPs were at younger ages, web users and with higher education, better medication adherence, longer PD courses, and worse conditions of PD（P＜0.001, P＝0.001, P＜0.001, P＝0.041, P<0.001, P＝0.013）. Additionally, the willingness of patients to use APPs for PD self-management is positively related to education level(P<0.001) while the age and PD course are negatively related to it (P=0.017, P<0.001).
Conclusion：Patients with PD have relatively low smartphone coverage. They are positive about using APP to manage PD and thus using APPs to help manage PD is a practicable method. Consequently, it is still necessary to improve the smartphones’ coverage and develop practical and handy APPs for PD self-management.
A new technique of epidural and intrathecal catheterization to evaluate pharmacokinetics of epidural administration in dogs: a prospective study
Authors: Kong Myoung Hoon , Choi Sang Sik , Kim Jung Eun , Lee Mi Kyoung , Lee Chung Hun , Lee Yeon Joo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Compared to the conventional oral or intravenous drug administration, epidural administration of drugs has significantly higher efficacy and safety. Experimental research on animals should be performed before applying to humans. Unlike the existing canine model, we describe a new and alternative technique of epidural and intrathecal catheterization to investigate the efficacy and safety of epidural drug administration in dogs.
Methods: Twelve adult dogs were used in this study. The procedures were performed with dogs in sternal recumbency under deep sedation. Epidural catheterization was performed at the T1–T2 intervertebral space with C-arm fluoroscopy guidance. After confirming loss of resistance, a flexible epidural catheter was passed cranially to the C2–C3 level. Intrathecal catheterization was performed through the cisterna magna with the neck slightly flexed. An 18-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted into the subarachnoid space through the atlanto-occipital space. After confirming cerebrospinal fluid leakage without bleeding, a flexible intrathecal catheter was passed caudally to the C2–C3 level.
Results: All epidural and intrathecal catheterizations were successfully performed under deep sedation without any complications.
Conclusion: The new technique of epidural and intrathecal catheterization in canines is a safe and alternative procedure for investigating the toxicity and pharmacology of epidurally administered drugs.
Application of MEEMD-ARIMA combining model for annual runoff prediction in the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Tuo Wei , Song Chao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The prediction of annual runoff in the Lower Yellow River can provide an important theoretical basis for effective reservoir management, flood control and disaster reduction, river and beach management, rational utilization of regional water and sediment resources. To solve this problem and improve the prediction accuracy, permutation entropy (PE) was used to extract the pseudo-components of modified ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MEEMD) to decompose time series to reduce the non-stationarity of time series. However, the pseudo-component was disordered and difficult to predict, therefore, the pseudo-component was decomposed by ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Then, intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and trend were predicted by autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) which has strong ability of approximation to stationary series. A new coupling model based on MEEMD-ARIMA was constructed and applied to runoff prediction in the Lower Yellow River. The results showed that the model had higher accuracy and was superior to the CEEMD-ARIMA model or EEMD-ARIMA model. Therefore, it can provide a new idea and method for annual runoff prediction.
Optimization of Hg(II) adsorption on bio-apatite based materials using CCD-RSM design: characterization and mechanism studies
Authors: Amiri Mohammad Javad , Bahrami Mehdi , Dehkhodaie Farideh 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Bio-apatite based materials were prepared from bovine bone wastes (BBW) by thermal treatments using a direct flame (BBS) and annealing at 500–1,100 °C (BB500–BB1100). These low-crystalline materials were characterized by means of SEM, XRD, FTIR, TG, and pHPZC and were used for the adsorption of Hg(II) ions. A CCD-RSM design was used to optimize and analyze independent variables consisting of initial mercury concentration (10–100 mg L−1), pH (2–9), adsorbent mass (0.1–0.5 g), temperature (20–60 °C), and contact time (15–120 min). The results indicated that the order of the mercury uptakes for bio-apatite based adsorbents was BB500 &gt; BB600 &gt; BB800 &gt; BB1100 &gt; BBS &gt; BBW. The dissolution–precipitation and ion-exchange reaction are the two dominant mechanisms for the removal of Hg(II) ions at low and high pH values, respectively. The CCD-RSM predicted maximum mercury adsorption of 99.99% under the optimal conditions of 51.31 mg L−1, 0.44 g, 6.5, 67.5 min, and 50 °C for initial mercury concentration, adsorbent mass, pH, contact time, and temperature, respectively. The findings of the present study revealed that the bio-apatite based materials, particularly BB500, are suitable and versatile adsorbents for the treatment of mercury-containing wastewater.
Evaluating Seat Belt Use in Lebanon (1997-2017)
Authors: Akl Ziad , Akl Mona , Eriksson Charli , Gifford Mervyn , Koustuv Dalal 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:The use of seat belts has made a significant contribution to the reduction of road traffic casualties, and the risk inherent with not wearing seat belts in all seats of a vehicle is now well-known worldwide. The use of seat belts has a major role in reducing fatal and nonfatal injuries in all types of motor-vehicles crashes.Aim:The aim of this study is to understand the reasons behind the variation in seat belt use over the past two decades in Lebanon. It analyzes the situation and suggests recommendations to improve seat belt use in Lebanon.Design:Nine observational studies had been conducted in Lebanon during the last two decades between 1997 and 2017, and one qualitative study was performed in 2017.Results:The results show a significant variation in the use of the seat belt. When enforcement efforts are in progress, seat belt use increases. While when there are no checkpoints and the enforcement of seat belt use is almost absent, a significant fall was noticed.Discussion:The results of this study proved the failure of the Lebanese government in saving hundreds of lives just by a simple measure of enforcing seat belt law. Although experiences from various countries prove that such laws usually have a long-lasting effect on seat belt use, Lebanon failed to pursue the successful implementation of this law due to security and political problems.Conclusion:During the past two decades, Lebanon witnessed continuous fluctuations in seat belt use. Outside few short enforcement campaigns, our observations showed lack in seat belt use. Our observations of seat belt use among drivers and front seat passengers showed a significant correlation between seat belt use and the enforcement of seat belt law.The greatest national benefits from seat belt use are obtained when wearing rates are very high. This can be achieved only through a sustained enforcement campaign alongside other seat belt wearing interventions such as publicity and education.
Tradisi Lisan Yogyakarta: Narasi dan Dokumentasi
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati 
Published: April 2019

Yogyakarta is one of the provinces where people are still aware of their oral tradition. Oral tradition as a culture contains aspects of life of a society. Types of oral tradition are verbal oral traditions, half-oral traditions, and non-verbal (material) oral traditions. Narrating the tradition in written form becomes an eﬀort in documentation, both in Javanese and Indonesian narratives. To translate it from the original language (Javanese) to Indonesian language creates some problems. The narrative script of the oral tradition still requires a lot of improvements in terms of language and the content of story. This research aims to train and assist people of Yogyakarta to write down their oral traditions. The activity specifcally aims to create texts of oral tradition in Yogyakarta which can be published into a semi popular book. The program, then, should be followed up by cultural discussions on oral tradition in Yogyakarta. =================================================================Salah satu daerah yang masyarakatnya masih sadar akan kehadiran tradisi lisan adalah Yogyakarta. Tradisi lisan sebagaikebudayaan mengandung segala aspek kehidupan yang ada di masyarakat. Jenis kelompok tradisi lisan di antaranya tradisi lisan verbal, tradisi lisan setengah verbal, dan tradisi lisan nonverbal (material). Narasi tulis tradisi lisan menjadi sebuahupaya dalam dokumentasi, baik narasi berbahasa Jawa maupun bahasa Indonesia. Adanya alih bahasa dari bahasa Jawa ke bahasa Indonesia maupun sebaliknya membuat permasalahan baru muncul. Sebagian besar narasi yang terkumpul belum sepenuhnya dapat dianggap sebagai naskah karena masih memerlukan banyak perbaikan dalam segi bahasa ataupun isi cerita. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melatih dan mendampingi masyarakat Yogyakarta untuk menulis naskah tradisi lisan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk menciptakan naskah tradisi lisan Yogyakarta yang dapat dipublikasikan menjadi buku semipopuler. Keberlanjutan program yang dapat dilakukan adalah terlaksananya diskusi budaya secara rutin tentang tradisi lisan Yogyakarta.
Investigation the Effect of Process Variables on the Formability of Parts Processed by Single Point Incremental Forming
Authors: Jabber Adil Shbeeb 
Published: April 2019

Incremental sheet metal forming process is an advanced flexible manufacturing process to produce various 3D products without using dedicated tool as in conventional metal forming. There are a lot of process parameters that have effect on this process, studying the effect of some parameters on the strain distributions of the product over the length of deformation is the aim of this study.
In order to achieve this goal, three factors (tool forming shape, feed rate and incremental step size) are examined depending on three levels on the strain distributions over the wall of the product. Strain measurement was accomplished by using image processing technique using MATALB program. The significance of the control factors are explored using two statistical methods: analysis of variance (ANOVA) and main effect plot (MEP). All experiments were carried out on a sheet of Aluminum alloy (Al1050) with thickness 0.9 mm by using 3 axes CNC machine to produce frustum pyramid product. The result showed that the feed rate is a parameter that has large effect on the values of the effective strain percentage contribution of (42.86% and 51.42%), respectively, and is followed by step size (25.1% and 30.60%) percentage contributions and finally the tool shape with (21.79% and 10.54%) on the (55° and 45°) wall angle, respectively. The maximum and minimum average effective strain computed on the 55◦ forming angle were (0.580 and 0.399), respectively. Finally, the maximum and minimum average effective strain computed on the 45◦ forming angle were equal to (0.412 and 0.324), respectively.
Caminhos e direções da perspectiva ecossistêmica na Amazônia
Authors: Bento Mateus Da Silva , Abbud Maria Emilia de Oliveira Pereira 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados do Projeto de Iniciação Científica “Ecossistemas Comunicacionais: uma análise acerca da produção científica brasileira”, desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Amazonas - Ufam. O objetivo principal foi analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre os ecossistemas comunicacionais. Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa em que foram identificados 32 trabalhos produzidos por pesquisadores da Amazônia e 13 produções das diversas regiões do país. Concluiu-se que a perspectiva dos ecossistemas comunicacionais contribui para a compreensão da comunicação enquanto fenômeno complexo que entrelaça sistemas sociais, naturais e tecnológicos envolvidos por um ambiente que, ao mesmo tempo em que influencia, é influenciado pelos sistemas participantes da comunicação.Palavras-chave: Ecossistemas Comunicacionais. Processos Comunicacionais. Comunicação.
Entre cinema e fotografia: contrações e dilatações do tempo no filme Na Ventania
Authors: Ramos Marina Feldhues 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo reflete sobre o efeito estético provocado pela ausência de movimento dos personagens, associada aos movimentos de câmara e longos planos-sequência no filme Na Ventania. Se a composição fixa remete às imagens fotográficas, o movimento da câmera que passeia pelo quadro fixo é um elemento cinematográfico. Problematiza-se a relação entre fotografia e cinema como linguagens se intersectam e podem ocasionar efeitos estéticos distintos, que impactam na apreensão do tempo. Palavras-chave: Cinema. Fotografia. Tempo. Narrativa. Montagem.
Capital Market Development and Confidence in Disclosure Quality
Authors: Friedman Henry L. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Using a survey-based measure that directly captures beliefs about disclosure quality (SFARS) in a panel with over 1,000 country-year observations, this study examines macro-level capital market consequences of confidence in disclosure quality. Supporting construct validity, SFARS is associated with prior measures of disclosure quality, tends to decline around accounting scandals, and tends to increase around corporate reforms. Evidence from panel regressions controlling for country effects, prior levels of market development, and other plausible determinants suggests that more positive beliefs about disclosure quality are associated with credit market development, but inferences associated with equity market development are sensitive to empirical specification and variable definitions. Additional analyses find little support for the effects of SFARS on capital market development varying with other macroeconomic or institutional features.
JEL Classifications: G1; G3; K2; M4.