bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlated multi‐response robust parameter design for different batches of products
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Wang Jianjun , Zhang Suying 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the manufacturing process of products, it is common to produce in batches, and such complex products often have many interrelated processes and interdependent components. These lead to mutual correlations among multiple responses, correlations among response observations, and a complex relationship between inputs and responses. If aforementioned relationships cannot be addressed in the robust parameter design of batch products, it will influence the predictive precision of the model, subsequently impacting the reliability of the optimization results. To tackle the above three types of associations in products with batch effects, we propose a new approach, namely, the semiparametric mixed‐effects modeling approach for multi‐response correlation. Specifically, we begin by developing a multi‐response Bayesian semiparametric mixed‐effects model using spline, and then construct a multivariate loss function to obtain the optimal operating conditions, subsequently calculating the value of the entropy‐based weighted satisfaction function. The validity of the suggested method in modeling and optimization is verified through a simulation study and 3D printing example analysis.
Comparison of Environmental Footprint for Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Liquids and Solids Treatment Technologies
Authors: Molzahn Paige , Collins Betsy , DiGuiseppi William 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination is a critical worldwide issue due to their widespread industrial use and persistence in the environment. PFAS treatment technologies are being applied to address the challenges associated with these substances. Selection of the appropriate treatment technology requires the assessment of many variables before full‐scale implementation. Factors such as cost, effectiveness, availability, and expected treatment duration are commonly considered; however, it is important to also consider the environmental footprint, which is the impact on the environment from the energy and materials used in implementing the treatment technology itself. The low PFAS treatment levels promulgated thus far, such as US Environmental Protection Agency drinking water Maximum Contaminant Levels of 4 ng/L for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid, as well as future low cleanup standards for other compounds and impacted media, will require long‐term remedial actions. Understanding the environmental impacts for PFAS treatment technologies can provide additional insights to be considered during the remedy selection. The authors conducted a comparison study of a wide range of PFAS treatment technology types for both liquids and solids, operating under limited but realistic hypothetical scenarios. The results present the approximate expected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of each technology type and scenario, compared to one another for the treatment of two key target compounds: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The liquid treatment technology types considered in this evaluation include technologies that concentrate or separate PFAS from the liquid media (such as ion exchange, granular activated carbon, and foam fractionation), technologies that destroy PFAS (such as supercritical water oxidation and electrochemical oxidation), and landfill disposal via solidification. In practice, remedial solutions for a given site might include both a concentration/separation step and a destruction step. These combinations were not evaluated in this comparison. The solids treatment technologies considered included thermal desorption, soil washing, soil stabilization, and excavation and disposal at a landfill. The factors included in each scenario were material production, material and equipment transportation, equipment and energy use, and material disposal, as these were considered to be the largest contributors to GHG emissions.
Intelligent Driving Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Control Based on an Improved Fractional‐Order Super‐Twisting Sliding Mode Control Strategy
Authors: Ma Baosen , Pei Wenhui , Zhang Qi , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAiming at resolving trajectory tracking control challenges during high‐speed lane changes in intelligent driving vehicles, an innovative fractional‐order sliding mode control approach is introduced in the present study. The control strategy comprises upper and lower‐level controls. First, the upper‐level control designs the vehicle trajectory tracking controller, integrating a non‐singular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) surface with a fractional‐order fast super‐twisted sliding mode control (FOF‐STSMC) algorithm. The NTSM surface properties ensure rapid convergence of the system tracking error to zero within a finite time, while the fractional‐order control extends the control system's regulation range and enhances algorithm flexibility. Additionally, the integration with the super‐twisting algorithm effectively mitigates oscillation issues in the control input, achieving a smooth input. Second, the lower‐level control aims to enhance vehicle driving stability. Utilizing the reference yaw rate, and sideslip angle and accounting for tire force saturation, a fractional‐order sliding mode control (FOSMC) algorithm is developed to compute the external yaw moment. Through dynamic load allocation, considering the vertical load for each tire, intelligent external yaw moment distribution significantly improves vehicle stability. Finally, the results of the Carsim–Simulink co‐simulation demonstrate that, compared to the STSMC strategy, the FOSMC strategy with front‐wheel‐only steering, and the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control strategy, the proposed control strategy in this paper reduces the tracking error by 77%, 61%, and 58%, respectively, achieving more precise and stable trajectory tracking under high‐speed conditions.
Reinforced Borrowing Framework: Leveraging Auxiliary Data for Individualized Inference
Authors: Ji Ziyu , Wolfson Julian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasingly during the past decade, researchers have sought to leverage auxiliary data for enhancing individualized inference. Many existing methods, such as multisource exchangeability models (MEM), have been developed to borrow information from multiple supplemental sources to support parameter inference in a primary source. MEM and its alternatives decide how much information to borrow based on the exchangeability of the primary and supplemental sources, where exchangeability is defined as equality of the target parameter. Other information that may also help determine the exchangeability of sources is ignored. In this article, we propose a generalized reinforced borrowing framework (RBF) leveraging auxiliary data for enhancing individualized inference using a distance‐embedded prior which uses data not only about the target parameter but also uses different types of auxiliary information sources to “reinforce” inference on the target parameter. RBF improves inference with minimal additional computational burden. We demonstrate the application of RBF to a study investigating the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on individual activity and transportation behaviors, where RBF achieves 20%–40% lower MSE compared with existing methods.
Powerful Test of Heterogeneity in Two‐Sample Summary‐Data Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Wang Kai , Alberding Steven Y. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe success of a Mendelian randomization (MR) study critically depends on the validity of the assumptions underlying MR. We focus on detecting heterogeneity (also known as horizontal pleiotropy) in two‐sample summary‐data MR. A popular approach is to apply Cochran's statistic method, developed for meta‐analysis. However, Cochran's statistic, including its modifications, is known to lack power when its degrees of freedom are large. Furthermore, there is no theoretical justification for the claimed null distribution of the minimum of the modified Cochran's statistic with exact weighting (), although it seems to perform well in simulation studies.MethodThe principle of our proposed method is straightforward: if a set of variables are valid instruments, then any linear combination of these variables is still a valid instrument. Specifically, this principle holds when these linear combinations are formed using eigenvectors derived from a variance matrix. Each linear combination follows a known normal distribution from which a value can be calculated. We use the minimum value for these eigenvector‐based linear combinations as the test statistic. Additionally, we explore a modification of the modified Cochran's statistic by replacing the weighting matrix with a truncated singular value decomposition.ResultsExtensive simulation studies reveal that the proposed methods outperform Cochran's statistic, including those with modified weights, and MR‐PRESSO, another popular method for detecting heterogeneity, in cases where the number of instruments is not large or the Wald ratios take two values. We also demonstrate these methods using empirical examples. Furthermore, we show that does not follow, but is dominated by, the claimed null chi‐square distribution. The proposed methods are implemented in an R package iGasso.ConclusionsDimension reduction techniques are useful for generating powerful tests of heterogeneity in MR.
Unlocking the Potential of Nanocellulose: Transforming Cellulose Into a Sustainable Resource for Innovative Applications
Authors: Mavlankar Guruprasad R. , Bhatu Minakshi N. , Baikar Prajakta P. , Patil Shubhangi P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSince cellulose is the most common biopolymer in the world, there has been a lot of interest in its nanoscale version called nanocellulose due to the growing demand for sustainable products. To validate nanocellulose as a key component in the shift to a bio‐based economy, this review provides a thorough and critical assessment of the valorization of cellulose into nanocellulose, highlighting its unique properties, cutting‐edge extraction methods, surface modifications, and multiple applications. The study thoroughly compares nanocellulose with other natural and synthetic polymers, in contrast to earlier research, emphasizing the latter's inferior mechanical qualities, biocompatibility, and adaptability. In addition, we discuss recent developments in surface modification and extraction techniques that improve the performance of nanocellulose in high‐impact applications like medication administration, electronics, packaging, and environmental remediation. This analysis demonstrates the economic and sustainability potential of nanocellulose and suggests strategic options for future research by summarizing recent advances and identifying research gaps. Our study shows that turning cellulose into nanocellulose is valuable not just as a research project but also as a critical first step in creating long‐lasting materials to deal with the pressing issues of the twenty‐first century.
The Effects of Coagulation on Adsorption of Micropollutants in Waste Water Treatment Plants
Authors: Özdemir Kadir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, the potential positive or negative effects of the coagulation process during the adsorption of micropollutants were investigated in treated waste water. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were employed as adsorbents in batch adsorption processes. Alum was used as a coagulant in batch coagulation experiments carried out in the laboratory to coagulate water samples obtained from effluents at the advanced biological wastewater treatment plant in the center of Zonguldak (ZWWTP), Turkey. The ultrafiltration process (UF) was used to demonstrate the importance of the dissolved organic matter content (DOM) for the removal of micropollutants by coagulation and adsorption. Consequently, coagulation was found to be effective in the removal of hydrophobic organics, that is, DOM fractions with molecular weights of 5 kDa and 1–3 kDa, while adsorption with SWCNT was effective in the removal of hydrophilic organics (<1 kDa). SWCNT adsorption was effective for the removal of carbamazepine, diclofenac, and triclosan in combined treatment steps. Furthermore, the removal of carbamazepine, diclofenac, and triclosan was above 90% with SWCNT adsorption before coagulation. It was concluded that the significant correlation between micropollutant removal and the reduction in UV254 is attributed to the general non‐selectivity of adsorption on the SWCNTs surface. Micropollutants and UV254 absorbing compounds adsorb simultaneously. It can be reasonably deduced that a high/low adsorptive removal of a specific micropollutant is typically accompanied by a high/low removal of UV254‐absorbing substances. Even though the majority of micropollutants also absorb UV254, their concentrations in municipal wastewater are insignificant in comparison to the overall UV254 measurements. Hence, correcting the actual UV254 measurements of the combined treatment for removal by coagulation produces adsorptive UV254 removal. In other words, if the removal of UV254 by coagulation is already known, the actual UV254 measurements obtained in a combined treatment step can be adjusted to produce UV254 removal by SWCNT adsorption. Therefore, UV254 can be used as a control parameter for carbamazepine, diclofenac, and triclosan removal and SWCNT dosing control utilizing differential UV254 measurements can be implemented.
Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Analysis of 4‐Quinolone‐2‐Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Verma Ekta , Mishra Shweta , Pal Mahendra Kumar , Patil Shailendra , Gajbhiye Asmita 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuinolones represent a class of potent antibacterial agents that primarily function by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases and DNA gyrase. A crucial feature of their structure is a carboxylic acid group at the C‐3 position, which facilitates interaction with the active sites of these enzymes. Since the mid‐20th century, the emergence and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have posed significant challenges in society, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this context, a new series of quinolone derivatives has been designed and synthesized based on transtorine. All synthesized compounds were tested against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, as well as three fungal strains. Among the new compounds, 5a, 5d, and 5f demonstrated superior activity against Gram‐negative bacteria, with 5a showing notable effectiveness against P. aeruginosa compared to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. However, none of the compounds exhibited activity against fungal strains. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 5a inhibited five bacterial proteins, primarily targeting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Additionally, ADMET parameters indicated that the promising compounds are suitable for oral administration with limited penetration across the blood–brain barrier compared to existing standards. This research indicates a potential pathway for developing new quinolone‐based antibiotics in the fight against AMR.
Core‐shell Structured Nano CuO@CER Composites for the Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Liang Guanyu , Wang Ying , Dong Xinyu , Xu Fen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe composite material of nano CuO loaded on ion exchange resin (CuO@CER) as the carrier was prepared successfully by constant temperature oscillation and hydrothermal synthesis methods. It was applied to the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) as an organic pollutant, and further to explore the optimal conditions for CuO@CER photoelectrocatalytic degradation of MB. The results showed that the composite material had a typical core‐shell structure, and the nano CuO loaded on the ion exchange resin had good crystallinity and high purity. CuO@CER exhibited excellent photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic performance towards MB, with degradation rates of 92.02% and 95.20% in 70 min under their respective optimal reaction conditions. Furthermore, the photoelectrocatalytic stability of CuO@CER was good relatively, and the degradation rates of MB exceeded 96% after 5 cycles of photoelectrocatalytic experiments. Free radical quenching experiments indicated that superoxide radicals were the main active groups during the photoelectrocatalysis. Additionally, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation for MB under the electric field was briefly analyzed. This study will provide technical support for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic dye wastewater.
Heat Treatment of PTFE/PDMS/Nano‐silica Deposited Layer for Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coating with Anti‐corrosion, Anti‐scaling, and Anti‐fouling Properties
Authors: Yin Zichao , Sun Zhenhua , Li Junyi , Zhou Haigang , Qi Jingjing , Wang Weidong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPTFE‐based superhydrophobic coatings have received increasing research and the fabricated coatings exhibited excellent anti‐corrosion, anti‐scaling, anti‐fouling, and anti‐icing properties. In order to further enhance the hydrophobicity of PTFE coating, a PTFE‐based coating consisted of nano‐silica and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was fabricated by deposition coating and annealing treatment. The water contact angle and sliding angle of the coating achieved 160.65° and 3.02°, respectively, demonstrating it possessed superhydrophobic property. Due to its excellent surface feature, the coating exhibited resistance to milk, coffee, and mud water, and could be easily cleaned by water flow. Besides, the water droplet on the coating had a longer freezing time and the ice droplet could be easily removed from the coating. Ascribed to the abundant nonpolar groups and the air cushion formed under water, the prepared coating had outstanding anti‐scaling and anti‐corrosion properties. The electrochemical impedance of the steel plate with the coating (above 9000 Ω·cm2) increased by two orders of magnitude compared with the non‐coating one (78.2 Ω·cm2), and the anti‐scaling rates of the coating towards BaSO4 and SrSO4 were all above 80%. It is promising that the coating will be a competitive candidate in many application fields.
Synthesis of Oxazolines using Aldol/Cyclization Cascade Reactions Employing 1,1‐Diaminobenzalazine as Organocatalyst
Authors: Mehta Kriti , Wani Aabid A. , Sahoo Subhash C. , Bharatam Prasad V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract1,1‐Diaminobenzalazine has been recently reported to catalyze different types of Michael addition reactions; this organic molecule has unique characteristic features for bifunctional organocatalysis. Organocatalysts were shown to be useful in different aldol/cyclization cascade reactions, it is important to establish whether 1,1‐diaminobenzalazine can be employed in the aldol/cyclization cascade reactions. In this work, the synthesis of oxazolines with the help of organocatalyst, 1,1‐diaminobenzalazine, has been reported. This method is relatively more efficient, cost‐effective, and environmentally safe as it avoids the use of metal oxides as co‐catalysts.
Self‐Standing Biohybrid Xerogels Incorporating Nanotubular Clays for Sustainable Removal of Pollutants
Authors: Caruso Maria Rita , Calvino Martina Maria , Šiler Pavel , Cába Ladislav , Milioto Stefana , Lisuzzo Lorenzo , Lazzara Giuseppe , Cavallaro Giuseppe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this work, it is reported a scalable and systematic protocol for the preparation of xerogels based on the use of green, highly available, and low‐cost materials, i.e. halloysite nanoclay and chitosan, without the need for any expensive equipment or operational/energetic demands. Starting from colloidal dispersions, rheological studies demonstrate the formation of hydrogels with zero‐shear viscosities enhanced by ≈9 orders of magnitude and higher storage moduli. Hence, the corresponding self‐standing xerogels are prepared by a simple solvent casting method and their properties depend on the concentration of halloysite, possessing enhanced thermal stability and outstanding mechanical performances (elastic modulus and ultimate elongation of 165 MPa and 43%, respectively). The resulting biohybrid materials can be exploited for environmental remediation. High removal efficiencies are reached for the capture of organic molecules from aqueous media and the CO2 capture from the atmosphere is also investigated. Most importantly, the presence of an inorganic skeleton within the xerogels prevents the structure from collapsing upon drying and it allows for the control over their morphology and shape. Therefore, taking advantage of the overall features, the designed xerogels offer an attractive strategy for sustainably tackling pollution and for environmental remediation in a plethora of different domains.
Disintegration of Thin Liquid Metal Films Engendered by Aluminum Corrosion
Authors: Wu Wangyan , Chai Guangyu , Luo Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiquid metals (LMs) illustrate a fantastic future. Thus, great endeavors are made to earn a comprehensive understanding of this fluid and carve it into a niche. Herein, by revisiting the combination of Ga‐based LMs and aluminum (Al), a new phenomenon, namely the disintegration of LM films on encountering water, is identified. Deviating from previous investigations where the LM generally took the form of bulk puddles, the LM‐Al slurry is spread as thin films here. In this case, Al debris embedded in the LM matrix hydrolyzes and therefore can exert disjoining pressure strong enough to split the thin film into countless tiny LM droplets. Based on this mechanism, transient circuits independent of substrate decomposition are realized. Furthermore, taking advantage of the portfolio strategy of pure LM and the LM‐Al slurry, novel concepts of flood warning and information storage and encryption are demonstrated. Integrating these functions all in one demonstrates the versatility of the disintegration of thin LM films engendered by Al corrosion, which provides a scientific insight into ephemeral art and makes the Ga─Al combination more illuminating.
The Key Role of N/S Codoped Carbon Dots in Efficient Capture and Conversion of Lithium Polysulfides
Authors: Fu Lichao , Liu Dapeng , Zuo Xintao , Qiu Yanhui , You Tingting , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe dissolution and shuttle of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) should be primarily responsible for rapid capacity decay in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs), which severely limits sulfur utilization. Introduction of cathode additives that can immobilize and rapidly convert LiPSs has been identified as effective in alleviating the shuttle effect. In this study, N/S codoped carbon dots (NSCDs) have been synthesized via a typical hydrothermal method, whose surfaces are rich in polar functional groups (─COOH, ─OH, ─SO3, and ─NH2) to capture LiPSs and effectively modulate the deposition behavior of Li2S. NSCDs as an additive of cathode significantly improve the battery discharge capacity and cycle life that it could deliver a reversible specific capacity of 1207.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 C and stably operate for over 400 cycles at 1 and 2 C current densities. This work provides valuable insights into the application of 0D carbon nanomaterials in the field of LSBs.