bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intergrating vestibular rehabilitation and cognitive behaviour therapy in persons with persistent dizziness in primary care- a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kristiansen Lene , Magnussen L. H. , Wilhelmsen K. T. , Mæland S. , Nordahl S. H. G. , Clendaniel R. , Hovland A. , Juul-Kristensen B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Dizziness is a common complaint, and the symptom often persists, together with additional complaints. A treatment combining Vestibular Rehabilitation (VR) and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is suggested. However, further research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of such an intervention. The objective of this paper is to present the design of a randomised controlled trial aiming at evaluating the efficacy of an integrated treatment of VR and CBT on dizziness, physical function, psychological complaints and quality of life in persons with persistent dizziness.

Methods/design
The randomised controlled trial is an assessor-blinded, block-randomised, parallel-group design, with a 6- and 12-month follow-up. The study includes 125 participants from Bergen (Norway) and surrounding areas. Included participants present with persistent dizziness lasting for at least 3 months, triggered or exacerbated by movement. All participants receive a one-session treatment (Brief Intervention Vestibular Rehabilitation; BI-VR) with VR before being randomised into a control group or an intervention group. The intervention group will further be offered an eight-session treatment integrating VR and CBT. The primary outcomes in the study are the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and preferred gait velocity.

Discussion
Previous studies combining these treatments have been of varying methodological quality, with small samples, and long-term effects have not been maintained. In addition, only the CBT has been administered in supervised sessions, with VR offered as home exercises. The current study focusses on the integrated treatment, a sufficiently powered sample size, and a standardised treatment programme evaluated by validated outcomes using a standardised assessment protocol.

Trial registration
www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT02655575. Registered on 14 January 2016.
The influence of informal learning opportunities on adolescents’ financial literacy
Authors: Rudeloff Michelle 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In today’s service society, adolescents come into contact with money and financial products and services earlier and earlier. Despite the importance of the topic in the adolescents’ lives, there is insufficient evidence on the learning opportunities adolescents use outside of school and education to obtain information on financial issues and how these affect their financial competence. This paper investigates how different informal learning opportunities influence grade 10-students’ financial literacy. Data are available for N = 530 students in general education. The analyses are based on a structural equation model in which financial literacy is represented as a latent variable with the sub-dimensions of money/payments, savings, loans, insurance, and monetary policy. Young people use different learning opportunities depending on the sub-dimension. Overall, parent-student discussions on finance are the most important informal source of learning. Discussions with siblings as well as consulting sessions with banks and media learning opportunities are also significantly related to financial literacy. Furthermore, personal characteristics, such as socio-economic background and economic interest, are also associated with financial literacy. The findings provide important implications for the promotion of financial literacy in different formal and informal learning situations. The results can be used, among other things, as a basis for developing targeted strategies to promote financial literacy in both the extracurricular sector and the school context.
Evaluation of adverse events focusing on infection associated with infliximab originator and biosimilar using a spontaneous reporting system database
Authors: Niinomi Iku , Hosohata Keiko , Mori Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Yuki , Wakabayashi Tomohito , Uchida Mayako , Iwanaga Kazunori 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Infliximab (IFX) has changed the management of many life-threatening immune-mediated diseases. The high cost of IFX and its patent expiry have led to pharmaceutical companies developing a biosimilar; however, its safety profile remains unknown in the real world. The purpose of this study was to clarify the adverse events associated with IFX originator and its biosimilar using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.

Methods
Adverse event reports submitted to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency between the third quarter of 2014 and the fourth quarter of 2018. We calculated the reporting odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for each adverse event.

Results
We obtained 2771 reports of adverse events associated with IFX originator and 402 reports with IFX biosimilar. Signals were detected for pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, tuberculosis, and sepsis with both IFX originator and its biosimilar, whereas there was no signal for infection with the biosimilar.

Conclusions
The strength of the association between IFX originator and its biosimilar with adverse events is partly different, but reports were quite limited for the biosimilar compared with originator. It is recommended that research be continued in order to accumulate a wide variety of information, and that newly reported data be placed in the multifaceted viewpoints for improvement of care levels.
Non-contrast MR portography using time-spatial labeling inversion pulse for diagnosis of portal vein pathology
Authors: Mubarak Amr Ahmed , Awad Ghada Elsaed , Eltomey Mohamed Adel , Dawoud Mahmoud Abd Elaziz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
To study the ability of non-contrast MR portography using time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (T-SLIP) as a non-invasive contrast-free imaging modality to delineate different portal vein pathological conditions.
The study included 25 patients with known history of portal vein disease and another 25 age-matched patients with normal portal vein. Both groups were examined by respiratory-triggered non-contrast MR portography using time-spatial labeling inversion pulse technique. Image quality was assessed first, and findings of diagnostic scans were compared to color duplex ultrasonography and selectively in those with diseased portal vein to portal-phase images of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

Results
Significant relation was found between breathing regularity and image quality in T-SLIP sequence, with diagnostic scans sensitivity and specificity of 89.29% and 86.21%, respectively, for diagnosis of different portal vein pathological conditions.

Conclusions
Non-contrast MR portography is a useful technique for diagnosis of portal vein pathology in carefully selected patients.
Adaptive multiple subtraction based on support vector regression
Authors: Li Zhong-xiao 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT Multiple removal is essential for seismic imaging in marine seismic processing. After prediction of multiple models, adaptive multiple subtraction is an important procedure for multiple removal. Generally, adaptive multiple subtraction can be conducted by the iterative reweighted least-squares (IRLS) algorithm with an [Formula: see text]-norm minimization constraint of primaries. We have developed a machine-learning algorithm into adaptive multiple subtraction, which is implemented based on support vector regression (SVR). Our SVR-based method contains training and prediction stages. During the training stage, an SVR function is estimated by solving a dual optimization problem with the feature vectors of the predicted multiples and the target values of the original data. The SVR function can transform predicted multiples nonlinearly for a better match between the predicted multiples and the true multiples. Furthermore, we use the SVR function to estimate multiples in the prediction stage by inputting the feature vectors of predicted multiples. Then, multiple-removal results are obtained by subtracting the estimated multiples directly from the original data. Synthetic and field data examples demonstrate that our SVR-based method can better balance multiple removal and primary preservation than the IRLS-based method.
Impact of perinatal and repeated maternal common mental disorders on educational outcomes of primary school children in rural Ethiopia: population-based cohort study
Authors: Mekonnen Habtamu , Medhin Girmay , Tomlinson Mark , Alem Atalay , Prince Martin , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: October 2019

Background
There have been no studies from low- or middle-income countries to investigate the long-term impact of perinatal common mental disorders (CMD) on child educational outcomes.

Aims
To test the hypothesis that exposure to antenatal and postnatal maternal CMD would be associated independently with adverse child educational outcomes in a rural Ethiopian.

Method
A population-based birth cohort was established in 2005/2006. Inclusion criteria were: age between 15 and 49 years, ability to speak Amharic, in the third trimester of pregnancy and resident of the health demographic surveillance site. One antenatal and nine postnatal maternal CMD assessments were conducted using a self-reporting questionnaire, validated for the local use. Child educational outcomes were obtained from the mother at T1 (2013/2014 academic year; mean age 8.5 years) and from school records at T2 (2014/2015 academic year; mean age 9.3 years).

Results
Antenatal CMD (risk ratio (RR) = 1.06, 95% CI 1.05–1.07) and postnatal CMD (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09) were significantly associated with child absenteeism at T2. Exposure to repeatedly high maternal CMD scores in the preschool period was not associated with absenteeism after adjusting for antenatal and postnatal CMD. Non-enrolment at T1 (odds ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.92) was significantly but inversely associated with postnatal maternal CMD. There was no association between maternal CMD and child academic achievement or drop-out.

Conclusions
Our findings support the hypothesis of a critical period for exposure to maternal CMD for adverse child outcomes and indicate that programmes to enhance regular school attendance in low-income countries need to address perinatal maternal CMD.

Declaration of interest
None.
Clinical Situation, Therapy, and Follow-Up of Adult Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Mende Klaus Christian , Kellner Teresa , Petersenn Stephan , Honegger Juergen , Evangelista-Zamora Rocío , Droste Michael , Stalla Guenter , Deutschbein Timo , Wang Yawen , Moskopp Dag , Knappe Ulrich , Schilbach Katharina , Flitsch Joerg 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Craniopharyngioma is a rare neoplastic entity of the central nervous system. Childhood-onset craniopharyngioma is the subject of frequent research whereas the information on adult-onset craniopharyngioma is scarce.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the level of daily impairment in adult patients suffering from craniopharyngioma.

Design
Noninterventional patient registry indexed as PV4842 with the local ethics committee.

Setting
The study is set in a hospitalized and ambulatory setting.

Patients
148 patients with adult-onset craniopharyngioma were recruited from 8 centers, 22 prospectively and 126 retrospectively. Mean follow-up was 31 months.

Interventions
No interventions performed.

Main Outcome Measures
Complications, symptoms, body mass index (BMI), and quality of life (QoL; EORTC QLQ C30 and BN20) were recorded preoperatively and at follow-up. The hypotheses tested were generated after data collection.

Results
Complications were more frequent after transcranial than transsphenoidal approaches (31 % vs. 11%; P &lt; 0.01). Preoperative obesity was present in 0% papillary and in 38% of all adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (P = 0.05), and diabetes insipidus was more frequent for papillary craniopharyngioma (36.8% vs. 16,7%; P &lt; 0.05). Hormone deficits at follow-up were reduced in 16.9%, equal in 31.4%, and increased in 63.6% (P &lt; 0.001). BMI increased from 28.7 ± 7.4 kg/m2 before surgery to 30.2 ± 7.4 kg/m2 at follow-up (P &lt; 0.001). In QoL, a decrease of future uncertainty (62.5 vs. 36.8; P = 0.02) and visual disorders (38.9 vs. 12.0; P = 0.01) were observed in the prospective collective after surgery.

Conclusions
Adult craniopharyngioma is associated with a complex sociological and psychological burden and hypothalamic dysfunction, warranting further investigation and emphasizing the need for a wider treatment approach.
Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 by Oocyte-Secreted Factors in Primary Human Granulosa Cells
Authors: Hobeika Elie , Armouti Marah , Fierro Michele A , Winston Nichola , Scoccia Humberto , Zamah Alberuni M , Stocco Carlos 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Human granulosa cells (hGCs) produce and respond to insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) but whether the oocyte participates in IGF2 regulation in humans is unknown.

Objective
To determine the role of oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs) such as growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) in IGF2 production by hGCs.

Design
Primary human cumulus GCs in culture.

Setting
University infertility center.

Patients or Other Participants
GCs of women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Intervention(s)
Cells treated with GDF9 and BMP15 in the presence of vehicle, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dibutyryl cyclic-AMP (dbcAMP), or mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) inhibitors.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Quantification of mRNA, protein, promoter activity, and DNA methylation.

Results
FSH stimulation of IGF2 (protein and mRNA) was significantly potentiated by the GDF9 and BMP15 (G+B) combination (P &lt; 0.0001) in a concentration-dependent manner showing a maximal effect at 5 ng/mL each. However, GDF9 or BMP15 alone or in combination (G+B) have no effect on IGF2 in the absence of FSH. FSH stimulated IGF2 promoter 3 activity, but G+B had no effect on promoter activity. G+B potentiated IGF2 stimulation by cAMP. SMAD3 inhibitors inhibited G+B enhancement of IGF2 stimulation by FSH (P &lt; 0.05) but had no effect on FSH induction. Moreover, inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor partially blocked G+B potentiation of FSH actions (P &lt; 0.009).

Conclusions
For the first time, we show that the oocyte actively participates in the regulation of IGF2 expression in hGCs, an effect that is mediated by the specific combination of G+B via SMAD2/3, which in turn target mechanisms downstream of the FSH receptor.
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists, Diabetic Retinopathy and Angiogenesis: The AngioSafe Type 2 Diabetes Study
Authors: Gaborit Bénédicte , Julla Jean-Baptiste , Besbes Samaher , Proust Matthieu , Vincentelli Clara , Alos Benjamin , Ancel Patricia , Alzaid Fawaz , Garcia Rodrigue , Mailly Philippe , Sabatier Florence , Righini Maud , Gascon Pierre , Matonti Frédéric , Houssays Marie , Goumidi Louisa , Vignaud Lucile , Guillonneau Xavier , Erginay Ali , Dupas Bénédicte , Marie-Louise Jennifer , Autié Marianne , Vidal-Trecan Tiphaine , Riveline Jean-Pierre , Venteclef Nicolas , Massin Pascale , Muller Laurent , Dutour Anne , Gautier Jean-François , Germain Stéphane 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsRecent trials provide conflicting results on the association between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of the AngioSafe type 2 diabetes (T2D) study was to determine the role of GLP-1RA in angiogenesis using clinical and preclinical models.MethodsWe performed two studies in humans. In study 1, we investigated the effect of GLP-1RA exposure from T2D diagnosis on the severity of DR, as diagnosed with retinal imaging (fundus photography). In study 2, a randomized 4-week trial, we assessed the effect of liraglutide on circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), and angio-miRNAs.We then studied the experimental effect of Exendin-4, on key steps of angiogenesis: in vitro on human endothelial cell proliferation, survival and three-dimensional vascular morphogenesis; and in vivo on ischemia-induced neovascularization of the retina in mice.ResultsIn the cohort of 3154 T2D patients, 10% displayed severe DR. In multivariate analysis, sex, disease duration, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), micro- and macroangiopathy, insulin therapy and hypertension remained strongly associated with severe DR, while no association was found with GLP-1RA exposure (o 1.139 [0.800–1.622], P = .47). We further showed no effect of liraglutide on HPCs, and angio-miRNAs. In vitro, we demonstrated that exendin-4 had no effect on proliferation and survival of human endothelial cells, no effect on total length and number of capillaries. Finally, in vivo, we showed that exendin-4 did not exert any negative effect on retinal neovascularization.ConclusionsThe AngioSafe T2D studies provide experimental and clinical data confirming no effect of GLP-1RA on angiogenesis and no association between GLP-1 exposure and severe DR.
Perioperative Infusion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Prevents Insulin Resistance After Surgical Trauma in Female Pigs
Authors: Hagve Martin , Gjessing Petter F , Hole Mikal J , Jansen Kirsten M , Fuskevåg Ole Martin , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Larsen Terje S , Irtun Øivind 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Insulin resistance is an independent negative predictor of outcome after elective surgery and increases mortality among surgical patients in intensive care. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) potentiates glucose-induced insulin release from the pancreas but may also increase insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and directly suppress hepatic glucose release. Here, we investigated whether a perioperative infusion of GLP-1 could counteract the development of insulin resistance after surgery. Pigs were randomly assigned to three groups; surgery/control, surgery/GLP-1, and sham/GLP-1. Both surgery groups underwent major abdominal surgery. Whole-body glucose disposal (WGD) and endogenous glucose release (EGR) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using D-[6,6-2H2]-glucose infusion in combination with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic step-clamping. In the surgery/control group, peripheral insulin sensitivity (i.e., WGD) was reduced by 44% relative to preoperative conditions, whereas the corresponding decline was only 9% for surgery/GLP-1 (P < 0.05). Hepatic insulin sensitivity (i.e., EGR) remained unchanged in the surgery/control group but was enhanced after GLP-1 infusion in both surgery and sham animals (40% and 104%, respectively, both P < 0.05). Intraoperative plasma glucose increased in surgery/control (∼20%) but remained unchanged in both groups receiving GLP-1 (P < 0.05). GLP-1 diminished an increase in postoperative glucagon levels but did not affect skeletal muscle glycogen or insulin signaling proteins after surgery. We show that GLP-1 improves intraoperative glycemic control, diminishes peripheral insulin resistance after surgery, and suppresses EGR. This study supports the use of GLP-1 to prevent development of postoperative insulin resistance.
Sanctuaryscapes in the North American Southwest
Authors: Villarreal Aimee 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article reclaims the historicity and sanctity of sanctuary as a dynamic cultural and spiritual practice and Indigenous survival strategy cultivated in regions of refuge and rebellion in the Americas. Tracing heterogeneous configurations of sanctuary in the North American Southwest during the Spanish colonial period, it compares the institution of church asylum with cross-tribal Indigenous sanctuary place-making and traditions of radical hospitality. As Indigenous people became refugees in their own homeland they capitalized on their knowledge of the landscape and banded with other persecuted and displaced peoples in “sanctuaryscapes,” vast autonomous regions and insurgent urban centers where new pan-Indigenous solidarities and identities emerged. Locating sanctuary practices within specific regional cartographies and social relations substantiates diverse autochthonous traditions of sanctuary that dramatically reorient and revitalize the origin stories that animate and also validate contemporary sanctuary movements and practices.
“Returning Forest Darlings”
Authors: Ezell Jason 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis essay describes how, in the late 1970s, gay liberationists in the Southeast developed a rural sanctuary practice out of their intersections with back-to-the-land movements, leading to the formation of Short Mountain Sanctuary in 1980. It draws on writings in the gay serial RFD, as well as on oral histories and event documentation, to trace how members mobilized regional collectivism, rustic print practices, and spiritual affect to imagine a rural underground at the edges of the state’s reach. This account serves as an alternate case study to US sanctuary movement histories, which heavily feature city and church.
Effect of oral eplerenone in anatomical and functional improvement in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Farooq Omer , Habib Asad , Shah Masood Alam , Ahmed Najia 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the efficacy of oral eplerenone in anatomical and functional improvement in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
Methods: This quasi experimental study was performed at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi from September 2018 to February 2019. Study included 23 patients. Patients were included using consecutive sampling technique and informed consent was taken from all patients before staring treatment. 50 mg of oral eplerenone per day was given for three months. Subretinal fluid (SRF) height and visual acuity (VA) were noted at baseline, one month and three month follow-up. Structured Study performa was used for data collection. Data was analysed and assessed with SPSS version 23. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age of patients was 40.7±7 years and mean duration of disease before treatment was 3.7±0.76 months. Mean baseline BCVA and SRF height was 0.39±0.02 logMAR and 123±12.5 µm respectively. Sixty-five percent patients responded at one month and 80% at three months with reduction in SRF height. Improvement in visual acuity was also statistically significant at 3 months (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Use of eplerenone in chronic CSCR resulted in significant improvement in vision and decrease in mean SRF height.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.896
How to cite this:Farooq O, Habib A, Shah MA, Ahmed N. Effect of oral eplerenone in anatomical and functional improvement in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1544-1547. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.896
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.