bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Di SMA Negeri 4 Pamekasan Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Kamariyah El Indahnia 
Published: August 2018

Berdasarkan hasil wawancara yang terbatas dengan sebagian guru fisika SMA di Kabupaten Pamekasan, menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar fisika sisiwa sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan mata pelajaran yang lain, terbukti ketika menjelang ujian akhir sekolah, yang menyatakan nilai ujiannya sangat rendah dan masih di bawah 60%, diantaranya lagi: siswa kurang antusias dalam menyimak, daya analisisnya rendah, sehingga yang terjadi siswa tidak pernah merumuskan permasalahan sendiri. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran PBL terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran fisika sub pokok bahasan Hukum Gravitasi Newton kelas X IPA SMAN 4 Pamekasan. Pada penelitian ini sampel yang diambil sebanyak 64 orang, yaitu 32orang kelas XMIPA03 sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah, dan 32 orang kelas XMIPA04 sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa 20 tes pilihan ganda. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu (Quasy Exprimental Designe). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, homogenitas, dan uji t. Pada pretest, kelas eksperimen mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 53,437dan kelas kontrol mendapatkan nilai 43,125. Sedangkan pada posttest, kelas eksperimen mendapatkan nilai 81,25 dan kelas kontrol mendapatkan nilai 61,25. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa data dari kelas kontrol maupun kelas eksperimen berdistribusi normal. Pada uji homogenitas didapat bahwa nilai pretest kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol bersifat homogen,. Selanjutnya data-data tersebut dapat dilanjutkan analisisnya yaitu uji-t Hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil uji t diperoleh nilai thitung sebesar 6.753 sedangkan nilai ttabel dengan taraf signifikansi 0,000 karena thitung > ttabel Dengan taraf signifikansi 5%., hasil ini dapat diintepretasikan bahwa Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas X di SMAN 4 Pamekasan.
Mechanical fracture characterization of adhesive interfaces: Introducing a new concept for evaluating adhesive quality
Authors: Brandtner-Hafner Martin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
For the evaluation of adhesive quality, the prevailing situation shows that standardized mechanical tests do not generate significant quality parameters as they indicate merely the maximum bonding strength of the specimen under investigation. Furthermore, most product data sheets provided by adhesive manufacturers supply only a few technical parameters (i. e. maximum tensile strength), which, from a technical point of view, limits the selection criteria for adhesives. Considering this fact, adhesive selection can be very dangerous when relying on bonding strength alone. This is crucial for industries where human safety has top priority, such as aeronautical, automotive or medicine. Consequently, the present study introduces a new approach, using both fracture mechanics and a special test arrangement for adhesively bonded composites to overcome the above mentioned handicaps. The key benefit of this novel evaluation concept is its ability to monitor the post-cracking behavior of bonded interfaces in a stable and steady manner even for brittle adhesives. This is a major advantage over commonly practiced techniques, both from a mechanical and a fracture mechanical point of view, as they basically tend to measure instability if brittle interfaces come about. To demonstrate this new technique, experiments were conducted on six different adhesives kindly provided by SIKA and MUREXIN. The results found opposite interactions between adhesive bonding strength and fracture resistance, meaning that high tensile strength values do not automatically lead to the best results. Such findings show that the selection of adhesives with the help of fracture analysis seems quite desirable for the future.
Konuşma Kaygı Düzeyi ile Konuşma Başarımı Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: HAMZADAYI Ergün , BAYAT Nihat , GÖLPINAR Şaziye 
Published: August 2018

ÖZ: Bu araştırmanın amacı,
8. sınıf öğrencilerinin konuşma kaygı düzeyleri ile konuşma başarımları
arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde
gerçekleştirilen nicel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Katılımcılar
2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında Gaziantep'te bulunan bir ortaokulda
öğrenimlerini sürdüren ve 8. sınıfa devam eden 32 öğrencidir. Araştırmanın
verileri iki farklı araçla elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların konuşma başarım
düzeylerine ilişkin veriler, yaptıkları hazırlıklı konuşmaların video
kayıtlarının konuşma değerlendirme formu aracılığıyla çözümlenmesi sonucunda
elde edilirken kaygı düzeylerine ilişkin veriler ise konuşma kaygı ölçeği
kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlardan biri
bireylerin konuşma kaygı düzeyleri ile konuşma başarımları arasında negatif
yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğudur. Diğer bir sonuç katılımcıların konuşma
kaygısı, konuşma başarımı ve konuşma başarımının alt boyutlarından konuşma
düzeni puanlarının cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemesidir. Üçüncü
sonuç ise bireylerin konuşma kaygılarının konuşma başarımı, konuşma başarımının
alt boyutlarından konuşma düzeni ve dil bilinci puanlarını yordamalarına
ilişkin kurulan modellerin anlamlı olduğu, konuşma kaygılarının konuşmacı
psikolojisi puanlarını yordamasına ilişkin kurulan modelin ise anlamlı olmadığı
yönündedir.
Föhrenverjüngung: Plastizität und Akklimatisation in einem trockeneren Klima
Authors: Moser Barbara , Bachofen Christoph , Wohlgemuth Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Pine regeneration: plasticity and acclimation in a dryer climate
Increasing summer drought might limit the natural regeneration of Scots pine stands at low elevations of the Rhone valley. Common garden experiments at the forest-steppe ecotone have shown that emergence and establishment of Scots pine primarily depend on spring precipitation and, to a minor degree, on summer drought and rising temperatures. Scots pine seedlings acclimated rapidly to drought periods by favouring root to shoot growth. In the second year, the saplings were already adapted to drought so that most of them survived an extended spring and summer drought, as recorded at Sion twelve times during the last 154 years. Only an extreme summer drought – no water from June to September – killed 14.7% of the Scots pine saplings. Surprisingly, they were even able to acclimate to such extreme drought events: after the same extreme summer drought in the third year, mortality dropped below 5%. In general, the Scots pine was very plastic, i.e. seedlings and saplings changed their phenotype depending on environmental conditions. But we also found genetic adaptation: Scots pine originating from regions with pronounced summer drought, including populations from lower elevations in the Rhone valley, produced more biomass than those from moister regions in all treatment combinations. Black pine reacted similarly to the treatments like Scots pine, but it grew faster and more saplings survived the first extreme summer drought. These results show that Scots pine from low elevations of the Rhone valley is one of the most drought-tolerant provenances in Europe. Thanks to its high phenotypic plasticity and the ability of seedlings and saplings to acclimate to drought on a short time scale, natural regeneration of Scot pine at low elevations of the Rhone valley is likely to occur also under future conditions, but maybe less frequent than today.
A ética do Filebo é uma ética pluralista?
Authors: Bravo Francisco , Barros da Cunha Silvia Regina 
Published: August 2018

Tradução de Silvia Regina Barros da Cunha.
Tomando como uma hipótese geral que a ética do Filebo é uma ética da vida boa ou eudemônica, viso demonstrar neste artigo ser ela também, tal como a aristotélica, uma ética pluralista ou inclusiva. Meus principais argumentos para esta conclusão podem ser enunciados como segue: 1) a postura aberta de Sócrates e Protarco, os principais palestradores, em contraste com a atitude dogmática de Filebo; 2) o método que Platão estabelece para a construção de sua ética nesse diálogo; 3) os princípios ontológicos que ele erige como base para essa ética; 4) os elementos que os principais oradores ao final incluem no bem misto que o ἀνθρώπινων ἀγαθόν é. Além disso, sustento que uma análise cuidadosa desses argumentos contribui, como diria Gadamer, para uma melhor compreensão da ética aristotélica.
A Multimessenger Picture of the Flaring Blazar TXS 0506+056: Implications for High-energy Neutrino Emission and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration
Authors: Keivani A. , Murase K. , Petropoulou M. , Fox D. B. , Cenko S. B. , Chaty S. , Coleiro A. , DeLaunay J. J. , Dimitrakoudis S. , Evans P. A. , Kennea J. A. , Marshall F. E. , Mastichiadis A. , Osborne J. P. , Santander M. , Tohuvavohu A. , Turley C. F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Detection of the IceCube-170922A neutrino coincident with the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056, the first and only ∼3σ high-energy neutrino source association to date, offers a potential breakthrough in our understanding of high-energy cosmic particles and blazar physics. We present a comprehensive analysis of TXS 0506+056 during its flaring state, using newly collected Swift, NuSTAR, and X-shooter data with Fermi observations and numerical models to constrain the blazar’s particle acceleration processes and multimessenger (electromagnetic (EM) and high-energy neutrino) emissions. Accounting properly for EM cascades in the emission region, we find a physically consistent picture only within a hybrid leptonic scenario, with γ-rays produced by external inverse-Compton processes and high-energy neutrinos via a radiatively subdominant hadronic component. We derive robust constraints on the blazar’s neutrino and cosmic-ray emissions and demonstrate that, because of cascade effects, the 0.1–100 keV emissions of TXS 0506+056 serve as a better probe of its hadronic acceleration and high-energy neutrino production processes than its GeV–TeV emissions. If the IceCube neutrino association holds, physical conditions in the TXS 0506+056 jet must be close to optimal for high-energy neutrino production, and are not favorable for ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray acceleration. Alternatively, the challenges we identify in generating a significant rate of IceCube neutrino detections from TXS 0506+056 may disfavor single-zone models, in which γ-rays and high-energy neutrinos are produced in a single emission region. In concert with continued operations of the high-energy neutrino observatories, we advocate regular X-ray monitoring of TXS 0506+056 and other blazars in order to test single-zone blazar emission models, clarify the nature and extent of their hadronic acceleration processes, and carry out the most sensitive possible search for additional multimessenger sources.
RELICS: A Candidate z ∼ 10 Galaxy Strongly Lensed into a Spatially Resolved Arc
Authors: Salmon Brett , Coe Dan , Bradley Larry , Bradač Marusa , Strait Victoria , Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Huang Kuang-Han , Oesch Pascal A. , Zitrin Adi , Acebron Ana , Cibirka Nathália , Kikuchihara Shotaro , Oguri Masamune , Brammer Gabriel B. , Sharon Keren , Trenti Michele , Avila Roberto J. , Ogaz Sara , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Carrasco Daniela , Cerny Catherine , Dawson William , Frye Brenda L. , Hoag Austin , Jones Christine , Mainali Ramesh , Ouchi Masami , Rodney Steven A. , Stark Daniel , Umetsu Keiichi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The most distant galaxies known are at z ∼ 10–11, observed 400–500 Myr after the Big Bang. The few z ∼ 10–11 candidates discovered to date have been exceptionally small, barely resolved, if at all, by the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we present the discovery of SPT0615-JD1, a fortuitous z ∼ 10 (z
phot =

) galaxy candidate stretched into an arc over ∼2.″5 by the effects of strong gravitational lensing. Discovered in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS) Hubble Treasury program and companion S-RELICS Spitzer program, this candidate has a lensed H-band magnitude of 24.6 ± 0.1 AB mag. With a magnification of μ ∼ 4–7 estimated from our lens models, the delensed intrinsic magnitude is 26.7 ± 0.1 AB mag, and the half-light radius is r

e
< 0.8 kpc, both consistent with other z > 9 candidates. The inferred stellar mass (

) and star formation rate (

) indicate that this candidate is a typical star-forming galaxy on the z > 6 SFR–M
⋆ relation. We note that three independent lens models predict two counter images, at least one of which should be of a similar magnitude to the arc, but these counter images are not yet detected. Counter images would not be expected if the arc were at lower redshift. The relatively large physical size could be due to a merger or accretion event, while the unprecedented lensed size of this z ∼ 10 candidate offers the potential for ALMA and the James Webb Space Telescope to study the geometric and kinematic properties of a galaxy observed 500 Myr after the Big Bang.
Patterns of pituitary dysfunction three months or more after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Yaseen Nassar Taha , Al-Khaqani Fateh , Mansour Abbas Ali 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurpose: Chronic posttraumatic brain injury (TBI) pituitary dysfunction is not a newly discovered subject, it has been reported more frequently, probably due to increasing chances of exposure to its causes, mainly the road traffic accidents, sport-related injuries, falls, and injuries during wars. This study aims to estimate the frequency of pituitary dysfunction 3 months or more after head trauma and the patterns of hormonal deficiencies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2016 and August 2017. Participants were patients having a history of moderate-to-severe TBI at least 3 months before enrolment. Pituitary function test was done for all patients to determine the frequency of pituitary dysfunction, the number of axes deficiencies, and which hormone is mostly affected. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used for univariate analysis, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 28 patients involved in this study, 17 (61%) had pituitary dysfunction, while 11 (39%) had not. Single hormonal defect was the most prevalent abnormality in 12 (43%), and the most affected hormone was the growth hormone (GH) in 14 patients (50%), followed by gonadal axis, thyroid stimulating hormone, and finally adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 6 (21%), 3 (11%), and 1 (4%), respectively. Conclusion: TBI pituitary dysfunction is more prevalent than was predicted in the population studied, single hormonal defect was found to be the most prevalent abnormality, being the GH is the most affected axis, and the ACTH seems to be the least.
Phase‐Change Superlattice Materials toward Low Power Consumption and High Density Data Storage: Microscopic Picture, Working Principles, and Optimization
Authors: Li Xian‐Bin , Chen Nian‐Ke , Wang Xue‐Peng , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo meet the requirement of big data era and neuromorphic computations, nonvolatile memory with fast speed, high density, and low power consumption is urgently needed. As an emerging technology, phase‐change memory is a promising candidate to solve this problem. However, the drawback of the high power consumption hinders their applications. Most recently, a new phase‐change material of [(GeTe)x/(Sb2Te3)y]n superlattice attracts intensive attentions owing to its ultralow power consumption comparing with conventional phase‐change memory devices. Many studies on this new material have been reported. However, there still lacks a comprehensive and unified understanding of its atomic picture and working mechanism. This article at first summarizes the broad applications for phase‐change materials. Then, the major progresses of phase‐change superlattices to understand the microscopic structure and working principles for data storage are discussed. Strategies on material optimizations to further enhance device performances are proposed. Finally, an outlook on new applications with these advanced superlattice materials is suggested.
Essential Effects on the Mobility Extraction Reliability for Organic Transistors
Authors: Xu Yong , Sun Huabin , Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Li Binhong , Minari Takeo , Balestra Francis , Ghibaudo Gerard , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe reliability of mobility has come to be a critical issue to the development of new electronics especially for organic electronics, since mobility is typically extracted from field‐effect transistors containing various extrinsic effects and overestimation is popular in the literature. Recently, this issue is emphasized and a reliability factor (r) is proposed by pioneers to gauge the mobility reported. Albeit many factors discussed, how much the extrinsic effects influencerremains unrevealed and a facile solution by using organic transistors is still lacking. Here, it is shown that the widely used extraction method based on the saturation transfer characteristics is sensitive to contact effect and temperature withrdropping to 43%, indeed leading to large mobility overestimation. By contrast, the linear‐regime methods are more reliable particularly the Y‐function method that demonstrates great reliability (r≈ 100%) even for short‐channel transistors at ultralow temperatures. In addition, operating in saturation regime induces ambipolar conduction further deteriorating reliability if contact doping is absent. High Schottky barriers, on the other side, distort device characteristics making extraction impossible. The results of this study reveal that, aside from device optimizations, selecting a right method is essential for reliable and precise evaluation of the carrier mobility by using organic transistors.
Self‐Templating Approaches to Hollow Nanostructures
Authors: Feng Ji , Yin Yadong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis current research progress on the fabrication of hollow nanostructures by using self‐templating methods is reviewed. After a brief introduction to the unique properties and applications of hollow nanostructures and the three general fabrication routes, the discussions are focused on the five main self‐templating strategies, including galvanic replacement, the Kirkendall effect, Ostwald ripening, dissolution–regrowth, and the surface‐protected hollowing process. Some newly developed synthetic routes are selected and discussed in detail. In conclusion, a summary and the perspectives on the directions that might lead the future development of this exciting field are presented.
Electronic Band Engineering in Elemental 2D Materials
Authors: Meng Ziyuan , Zhuang Jincheng , Xu Xun , Hao Weichang , Dou Shi Xue , Du Yi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch on 2D materials is one of the leading topics in the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science, due to their novel properties which are absent in their bulk allotropes. The 2D limitation provides great flexibility to engineer the electronic properties, which is crucial for innovative device applications. In this review, the recent research on the electronic properties of elemental 2D materials, which do not exist in nature, is focused. These 2D materials are stabilized by their underlying substrates, leading to the abundant buckled structures. The buckling can break symmetries, making it possible to explore new emerging physics, such as topological superconductivity, valley‐polarized metals, and the quantum spin Hall effect in these 2D materials. The relationship between the degree of buckling and the electronic structures in these 2D materials is reviewed from both the experimental side and simulation results, and finally, the challenges and outlook for this field are discussed.
Performance Standards of Comprehensive Airway Management for Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Panchal Ashish R. , Way David P. , King Andrew M. , Yudkowsky Rachel , Terndrup Thomas E. ,   the Airway Mastery Collaborative (AMC)
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Emergency Medicine (EM) Milestone Project provides guidance for assessment of resident trainee airway management proficiency (PC10). Although milestones provide a general structure for assessment, they do not define performance standards. The objective of this project was to establish comprehensive airway management performance standards for EM trainees at both novice and mastery levels of proficiency.MethodsComprehensive airway management standards were derived using standard‐setting procedures. A panel of residency education and airway management experts was convened to determine how trainees would be expected to perform on 51 individual tasks in a standardized airway management simulation encompassing preparation, endotracheal intubation, backup airway use, and ventilation. Experts participated in facilitated exercises in which they were asked to 1) define which items were critical for patient safety, 2) predict the performance of a “novice” learner, and 3) predict the performance of a “mastery” learner nearing independent practice. Experts were given a worksheet to complete and descriptive statistics were calculated using STATA 14.ResultsExperts identified 39 of 51 (76%) airway management items as critical for patient safety. Experts also noted that novice trainees do not need to complete all the items deemed to be critical prior to starting practice since they will be supervised by a board‐certified EM physician. In contrast, mastery‐level trainees would be expected to successfully complete not only the critical tasks, but also nearly all the items in the assessment (49/51, 96%) since they are nearing independent practice.ConclusionIn this study, we established EM resident performance standards for comprehensive airway management during a simulation scenario. Future work will focus on validating these performance standards in current resident trainees as they move from simulation to actual patient care.
Mutations and karyotype predict treatment response in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Idossa Dame , Lasho Terra L. , Finke Christy M. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Pardanani Animesh , Gangat Naseema , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe examined the influence of mutations and karyotype on conventional treatment response, specifically hematological improvement in anemia, in primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Cytogenetic and next generation sequencing (NGS)‐derived mutation information was available in 357 patients (median age 74 years; 70% males); the revised international prognostic scoring system risk distribution was very high in 11%, high 15%, intermediate 17%, low 40% and very low 16%. At least one mutation was detected in 81% of patients; most frequent were SF3B1 (32%), ASXL1 (27%), TET2 (24%) and U2AF1 (15%). At median follow‐up of 24 months, treatment with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) was documented in 121 (34%) patients, lenalidomide (LEN) in 55 (15%), and erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) in 136 (38%). ASXL1 mutations adversely affected response to HMAs (27% vs 48%; P = 0.02) and LEN (9% vs 43%; P = 0.04), but not ESAs (P = 0.6). LEN response was also adversely affected by U2AF1 mutations (0% vs 42%; P = 0.02) and high risk karyotype (0% vs 41% in intermediate vs 47% in low risk; P = 0.01). Patients with SF3B1 mutations were more likely to respond to LEN (56% vs 27%; P = 0.04). Contrary to previous reports, we found no association between TET2 mutations and HMA treatment response (40% vs 41%; P = 0.9), even in the absence of ASXL1 mutations (P = 0.4).We conclude that ASXL1 mutations in MDS predict inferior response to treatment with both HMAs and LEN; response to LEN was also compromised by U2AF1 mutations and high risk karyotype; SF3B1 mutations identified patients likely to respond to LEN.