bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastolytic activity of cysteine cathepsins K, S, and V promotes vascular calcification
Authors: Andrault Pierre-Marie , Panwar Preety , Mackenzie Neil C. W. , Brömme Dieter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElastin plays an important role in maintaining blood vessel integrity. Proteolytic degradation of elastin in the vascular system promotes the development of atherosclerosis, including blood vessel calcification. Cysteine cathepsins have been implicated in this process, however, their role in disease progression and associated complications remains unclear. Here, we showed that the degradation of vascular elastin by cathepsins (Cat) K, S, and V directly stimulates the mineralization of elastin and that mineralized insoluble elastin fibers were ~25–30% more resistant to CatK, S, and V degradation when compared to native elastin. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy investigations showed that insoluble elastin predigested by CatK, S, or V displayed an elemental percentage in calcium and phosphate up to 8-fold higher when compared to non-digested elastin. Cathepsin-generated elastin peptides increased the calcification of MOVAS-1 cells acting through the ERK1/2 pathway by 34–36%. We made similar observations when cathepsin-generated elastin peptides were added toex vivomouse aorta rings. Altogether, our data suggest that CatK-, S-, and V-mediated elastolysis directly accelerates the mineralization of the vascular matrix by the generation of nucleation points in the elastin matrix and indirectly by elastin-derived peptides stimulating the calcification by vascular smooth muscle cells. Both processes inversely protect against further extracellular matrix degradation.
Association between a High-Potassium Diet and Hearing Thresholds in the Korean Adult Population
Authors: Jung Da Jung , Lee Jae Young , Cho Kyu Hyang , Lee Kyu-Yup , Do Jun Young , Kang Seok Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the association between potassium intake and hearing thresholds in the Korean adult population. Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Participants were divided into tertiles on the basis of their potassium intake as follows: low, middle, and high. Pure-tone audiometry was performed using an automated audiometer. We calculated as the average threshold at the low-frequency pure-tone average (0.5 and 1 kHz), mid-frequency pure-tone average (2 and 3 kHz), and high-frequency pure-tone average (4 and 6 kHz). The average hearing threshold (AHT) was calculated as the pure-tone average of the thresholds at 0.5~3 kHz. Hearing loss (HL) was defined as an AHT of >40 dB in the better ear. There were 1975 participants each in the low, middle, and high tertile groups. The four different average hearing thresholds significantly decreased with an increase in the potassium intake tertile. Multivariate analysis revealed that the four different average hearing thresholds were significantly lower in the high tertile group than in the other two groups. In addition, univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the potassium intake level was inversely associated with each of the four different average hearing thresholds. Analyses of participants matched based on propensity scores and participants not matched based on propensity scores yielded similar results. The results of this study suggest that high potassium intake levels were associated with a lower prevalence of HL and lower hearing thresholds in the Korean adult population.
Type 1 Diabetes: an Association Between Autoimmunity, the Dynamics of Gut Amyloid-producing E. coli and Their Phages
Authors: Tetz George , Brown Stuart M. , Hao Yuhan , Tetz Victor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), a common autoimmune disorder, is not completely understood. Recent studies suggested the gut microbiome plays a role in T1D. We have used public longitudinal microbiome data from T1D patients to analyze amyloid-producing bacterial composition and found a significant association between initially high amyloid-producing Escherichia coli abundance, subsequent E. coli depletion prior to seroconversion, and T1D development. In children who presented seroconversion or developed T1D, we observed an increase in the E. coli phage/E. coli ratio prior to E. coli depletion, suggesting that the decrease in E. coli was due to prophage activation. Evaluation of the role of phages in amyloid release from E. coli biofilms in vitro suggested an indirect role of the bacterial phages in the modulation of host immunity. This study for the first time suggests that amyloid-producing E. coli, their phages, and bacteria-derived amyloid might be involved in pro-diabetic pathway activation in children at risk for T1D.
Spontaneous electromagnetic induction promotes the formation of economical neuronal network structure via self-organization process
Authors: Wang Rong , Fan Yongchen , Wu Ying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeveloped through evolution, brain neural system self-organizes into an economical and dynamic network structure with the modulation of repetitive neuronal firing activities through synaptic plasticity. These highly variable electric activities inevitably produce a spontaneous magnetic field, which also significantly modulates the dynamic neuronal behaviors in the brain. However, how this spontaneous electromagnetic induction affects the self-organization process and what is its role in the formation of an economical neuronal network still have not been reported. Here, we investigate the effects of spontaneous electromagnetic induction on the self-organization process and the topological properties of the self-organized neuronal network. We first find that spontaneous electromagnetic induction slows down the self-organization process of the neuronal network by decreasing the neuronal excitability. In addition, spontaneous electromagnetic induction can result in a more homogeneous directed-weighted network structure with lower causal relationship and less modularity which supports weaker neuronal synchronization. Furthermore, we show that spontaneous electromagnetic induction can reconfigure synaptic connections to optimize the economical connectivity pattern of self-organized neuronal networks, endowing it with enhanced local and global efficiency from the perspective of graph theory. Our results reveal the critical role of spontaneous electromagnetic induction in the formation of an economical self-organized neuronal network and are also helpful for understanding the evolution of the brain neural system.
MicroRNA signature refine response prediction in CML
Authors: Alves Raquel , Gonçalves Ana Cristina , Jorge Joana , Marques Gilberto , Luís Dino , Ribeiro André B. , Freitas-Tavares Paulo , Oliveiros Bárbara , Almeida António M. , Sarmento-Ribeiro Ana Bela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRs) dysregulation have emerged as a crucial step in tumorigenesis, being related with cancer development, progression and response to treatment. In chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is responsible for treatment failure and could be linked to changes in miRs expression. This work aimed to correlate the expression levels of 3 miRs, miR-21, miR-26b and miR-451, with response to TKI treatment in CML patients. miR-451 levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with optimal response after 6 and 12 months of therapy. Conversely, patients without optimal response had highest levels of miR-21. miR-21 and miR-451 appear to be good biomarkers of response, able to predict optimal TKI responders (p < 0.05). Using the combined profile of both miRs, we create a predictive model of optimal response after one year of treatment. This study highlights the role of miR-21 and miR-451 expression levels at diagnosis in predicting which patients achieve the optimal response.
Fluorescence Invigoration in Carbon-Incorporated Zinc Oxide Nanowires from Passage of Field Emission Electrons
Authors: Bah Andrew , Lim Kim Yong , Wei Fuhua , Khursheed Anjam , Sow Chorng Haur 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate that carbon incorporated Zinc Oxide (C-ZnO) nanowires (NWs) exhibit remarkable improvement in the extent and quality of fluorescence emission after they are utilized as an electron source in a field emission experiment. After the passage of field emission electrons, the intensity of the fluorescence emitted from these NWs in the visible light range exhibits a 2.5 to 8 fold enhancement. The intrinsic exciton peak of the ZnO also becomes heightened, along with the crystalline quality of the NWs showing marked improvement. This invigoration of fluorescence across the entire fluorescence spectrum is attributed to concurrent removal of oxygen and carbon atoms in C-ZnO NWs due to electro-migration of atoms and joule heating during the field emission process. Applications based on ZnO NWs emission from excitonic emissions or visible wavelength emissions or both can benefit from this straightforward method of defect engineering.
Visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG) to discriminate prediabetes and diabetes
Authors: Ahn Nayeon , Baumeister Sebastian E. , Amann Ute , Rathmann Wolfgang , Peters Annette , Huth Cornelia , Thorand Barbara , Meisinger Christa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study evaluated the ability of the visceral adiposity index (VAI), the lipid accumulation product (LAP), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG), three novel, insulin resistance-related markers, to discriminate prediabetes/diabetes in the general German population. Altogether 2,045 Germans (31–72 years, 53.3% women) without known diabetes and a history of Myocardial Infarction (MI)/stroke from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 Study were eligible. The discriminatory accuracy of the markers for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-defined prediabetes/diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The Youden Index (YI) was used to determine optimal cut-off values, and a non-parametric ROC regression was used to examine whether the discriminatory accuracy varied by sex and age. 365 men (38.2%) and 257 women (23.6%) were newly diagnosed with prediabetes/diabetes. AUCs for TyG, LAP and VAI were 0.762 (95% CI 0.740–0.784), 0.743 (95% CI 0.720–0.765), and 0.687 (95% CI 0.662–0.712), respectively. The optimal cut-off values for the LAP and TyG were 56.70 and 8.75 in men, and 30.40 and 8.53 in women. In conclusion, TyG and LAP provide good discrimination of persons with prediabetes/diabetes.
Identification of P genome chromosomes in Agropyron cristatum and wheat-A. cristatum derivative lines by FISH
Authors: Han Haiming , Liu Weihua , Zhang Jinpeng , Zhou Shenghui , Yang Xinming , Li Xiuquan , Li Lihui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (P genome) is cultivated as pasture fodder and can provide many desirable genes for wheat improvement. With the development of genomics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology, probes for identifying plant chromosomes were also developed. However, there are few reports on A. cristatum chromosomes. Here, FISH with the repeated sequences pAcTRT1 and pAcpCR2 enabled the identification of all diploid A. cristatum chromosomes. An integrated idiogram of A. cristatum chromosomes was constructed based on the FISH patterns of five diploid A. cristatum individuals. Structural polymorphisms of homologous chromosomes were observed not only among different individuals but also within individuals. Moreover, seventeen wheat-A. cristatum introgression lines containing different P genome chromosomes were identified with pAcTRT1 and pAcpCR2 probes. The arrangement of chromosomes in diploid A. cristatum was determined by identifying correspondence between the P chromosomes in these genetically identified introgression lines and diploid A. cristatum chromosomes. The two probes were also effective for discriminating all chromosomes of tetraploid A. cristatum, and the differences between two tetraploid A. cristatum accessions were similar to the polymorphisms among individuals of diploid A. cristatum. Collectively, the results provide an effective means for chromosome identification and phylogenetic studies of P genome chromosomes.
Land-change dynamics and ecosystem service trends across the central high-Andean Puna
Authors: Madrigal-Martínez Santiago , Miralles i García José Luis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMountain landscapes provide multiple ecosystem services that are continually vulnerable to land-change. These complex variations over space and time need to be clustered and explained to develop efficient and sustainable land management processes. We completed a spatiotemporal analysis that describes how different patterns of 6 land-change dynamics impact on the supply of 7 ecosystem services over a period of 13 years and across 25 provinces in the central high-Andean Puna of Peru. The appraisal describes: (1) how clusters of land-change dynamics are linked to ecosystem service bundles; (2) which are the dominant land-change dynamics that influence changes in ecosystem service bundles and (3) how multiple ecosystem service provision and relationships vary over space and time. Our analysis addressed agricultural intensification, agricultural de-intensification, natural processes and deforestation as the most critical land-change dynamics across the central high-Andean region over time. Our results show that most of the provinces were mainly described by a small set of land-change dynamics that configured four types of ecosystem service bundles. Moreover, our study demonstrated that different patterns of land-change dynamics can have the same influence on the ecosystem service bundle development, and transformation of large areas are not necessarily equivalent to high variations in ecosystem service supply. Overall, this study provides an approach to facilitate the incorporation of ES at multiple scales allowing an easy interpretation of the region development that can contribute to land management actions and policy decisions.
Light triggered encapsulation and release of C60 with a photoswitchable TPE-based supramolecular tweezers
Authors: Samanta Mousumi , Rananaware Anushri , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Rahaman Sk. Atiur , Saha Monochura , Jadhav Ratan W. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStimuli responsive hosts for C60 can control its binding and release on demand. A photoswitchable TPE based supramolecular host can encapsulate C60 in the Z-form with a markedly different visual change in the colour. In addition, the Z-1 bound C60 has been characterized by various spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. Upon exposure to visible light (>490 nm), the host switches to the E-form where the structural complementarity with the guest is destroyed as a result of which the C60 is disassembled from the host. The results described herein reveals an actionable roadmap to pursue further advances in component self-assembly particularly light-induced association and dissociation of a guest molecule.
Characterization of the Agilkia region through discrete-element simulation of Philae’s rebound
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Küppers Michael , Grieger Björn , Shang Haibin 
Published: July 2019

Context. The cold gas system and anchoring harpoons that were designed to hold Philae down after it landed on the Agilkia region of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) failed. This caused the lander to move on a complex trajectory that comprised multiple impacts and rebounds. The motion of Philae was mainly dominated by the gravitational environment and the physical properties of the surface on Agilkia. This allows us to determine the physical properties of the surface layer by high-fidelity discrete-element simulations of Philae’s rebounds.
Aims. We explore the surface physical properties of the Agilkia region on comet 67P by minimizing the difference in Philae’s rebound status between observational data and simulations based on the assumption of a granular-boulder hybrid surface material.
Methods. We first developed an efficient gravity model to accurately approximate the high-resolution polyhedral shape of the comet. This allowed us to run many simulations for the landing trajectory. We developed a complete dynamical model of the motion of Philae, including a mechanical model of the lander and the hybrid surface model. This focused in particular on the interaction of discrete elements in Philae and the granular regolith layer with a boulder added on top of it. We used mixed discrete optimization to determine the input physical variables on Agilkia to fit the rebound observational data (Philae’s rebound velocity).
Results. The discrete-element simulation constrained by Philae’s rebound velocity implies that Philae first impacted on a boulder and scratched it with the landing gear. After this, its three soles interacted with the granular regolith, which consists of particles with a mean diameter of 0.014 ± 0.004 cm. The thickness of the region interaction is estimated to be 0.272 ± 0.062 m with a corresponding density of 1443 ± 231 kg m−3. The Young modulus for each particle is estimated to be 108 Pa. Based on a porosity of 0.75, the friction of the surface of particles is derived to be moderate, with a friction coefficient of about 0.6.
Digitalisierung – „Wir werden drängeln, wo wir es für nötig halten“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram 
Published: July 2019

Prof. Jörg Debatin ist Chairman des neuen Health Innovation Hub (hih) beim Bundesgesundheitsministerium. Im Interview spricht er über mehr Tempo und bessere Vernetzung bei der Digitalisierung, wie der Hub innovative Ideen schneller fördern will – und warum sein Team sich nicht als digitales Feigenblatt für Jens Spahn sieht.
Direct disagreement in Vietnamese students’ EFL group work discussion
Authors: Hoang Thi Hanh , De Nooy Juliana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Disagreement has been traditionally viewed as a dispreferred response, which speakers tend to avoid or mitigate
due to its presumed face threatening effects. However, more recent studies argue that disagreement is not inherently dispreferred
or marked, but needs to be contextualized. This article examines the interactions of Vietnamese EFL students in the context of a
collaborative task in English. Somewhat surprisingly, given the common portrayal of the Vietnamese as favoring indirect
communication, it finds a high incidence of direct disagreement, characterized by the use of ‘no’. The study explores how direct
‘no’ is used in disagreement and the impact it has on the sequence of the interaction as well as the harmony of the group. In the
majority of cases, and in contrast with the stated beliefs of the participants regarding disagreement, almost none of the direct
uses of ‘no’ have negative consequences on the interaction. The analysis of instances of ‘no’ that impact negatively on the
interaction suggests contextually interactional rules underlying its appropriate use. Group work in EFL among Vietnamese students,
therefore, is another context in which disagreement is expected and does not necessarily detract from the harmony of the
group.
Profile of Monoglyceride and Diglyceride Compounds of the Ethanolysis Products from Palm Kernel Oil (PKO)
Authors: Murhadi  , Hidayati S , Sugiharto R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ethanolysis of PKO has been done by the addition of ethoxide ion solution {ethanol 90% containing 1% (w/w PKO) of NaOH} to 100 g PKO at the ratio of 1.0; 1.2; or 1.4 (w/w), each with the addition of glycerol 10% (w/w PKO) at 55-60°C, stirred at 1000 rpm for 3, 6, 9, or 12 minutes. Careful observation is done on the yield and monoglyceride, diglycerides, and triglycerides distribution patterns in the PKO ethanolysis products. The average yield of all treatments resulted in a value of 44.91% (± 4.47%; w/w). The yield of ethanolysis of PKO with the ratio of 1.4 (w/w) is better than with the ratio of 1.0 (w/w) and 1.2 (w/w), while 6 minutes shown a better result for the PKO ethanolysis time reaction compared to 3, 9, or 12 minutes. The average of glycerides, esters, monoglycerides, internal standard, diglycerides, and triglycerides in overall treatments, shows 6.09, 55.02, 7.07, 2.55, 23.54, and 5.73%, respectively. Group of monoglyceride (MG) and diglyceride (DG) compounds in PKO ethanolysis products, both obtained on average with the best treatment at ethanolysis time for 3 minutes for a ratio of 1.0 (w/w), each at 7.74% (w/w) and 30.60% (w/w).
Reduction of Pb(II) Ion in Soybean Seeds (Glycine max) Using Corncob Liquid Smoke
Authors: Handayani T , Xyzquolyna D , Pranoto Y , Suratman A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This research aims to study the ability of corncob liquid smoke for reduce of Pb(II) Ion in soybean seeds and the influence of its constituent compounds in reducing of Pb content in soybean seeds. The liquid smoke was obtained from corncob via pyrolysis, precipitation and two-time distillation. The process of reducing Pb content in soybean seeds is by soaking soybean seeds in liquid smoke with variations in the concentration of liquid smoke (0; 12.5; 25; 50 and 100%). Results show that the phenol, carbonyl and acid total content of corncob liquid smoke were 1.22%; 5.65%; and 9.60%; respectively. The corncob liquid smoke with concentration of 100% is able to reduce Pb content in soybean seeds by 48.93%. The components of phenol, carbonyl and acid in liquid smoke reduce after the chelation process. This shows that phenol, carbonyl and acid components influence the reduce Pb content in soybean seeds.
Anthocyanin and Iron Absorption of Black Rice Bran Aqueous Extract using In Vitro Everted Gut Sac Method
Authors: Nurlaili E P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Black rice bran in Indonesia countries contained high anthocyanin and iron. As rice bran has not been widely used for food, this research investigated other possible functional effect of rice bran extract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the absorption of anthocyanin and iron of subvar Cibeusi black rice bran extract of by in vitro everted gut sac method. Experiment was conducted on various part of small intestine using black rice bran, aqueous extract, and residue during various periods (10 – 100 minutes). Twenty four male 2 months old Wistar rats were put in 20-24 hours fasting condition and only given ad libitum deionized drinking water. After dissection, small intestine was taken, cut into duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and then reverted. The two ends of each of them were tied, filled with 0.9% NaCl solution, and the put into tube contained mucous solution and samples with constant oxygen saturated. The results showed part that the highest anthocyanin absorption of 0,0160 mg/g was obtained in jejunum. The highest anthocyanin absorption was obtained at 40 minutes of 0.0165 mg/g. Results also showed part of the small intestine can highest absorbed iron in duodenum compared to other parts of 3.65 ppm. Black rice bran extracts can be highest absorbed of 3.78 ppm. The type of material that can be absorbed highest in black rice bran extracts of 4.23ppm. The highest iron absorption at 10 minutes of 3.48 ppm.