bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828: rediscovery of a holotype
Authors: Haberland Christian , Hampe Oliver , Autenrieth Marijke , Voß Manja 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The whereabouts of the Balaenoptera borealis holotype, the skeleton of a 1819 stranded specimen, have been unknown since the World War II (WWII). Due to nomenclatural confusion, deficient documentation, and finally WWII bombing, which destroyed predominantly cetacean material in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN), the type skeleton of the sei whale sank into oblivion. Construction activities enabled a recent search and study on the remaining whale material. Here, we provide evidence that the type specimen was not destroyed. On the basis of species-wide and individual characters of the type material such as the shape of cranial elements and the pattern of the maxillary foramina, we show that the skull and mandibles, the vertebral column (except the atlas), and the ribs of the holotype remain intact. Further evidence that these skeletal remains belong to the previously missing holotype is provided by the characteristics of the spine. In addition, we analyzed ancient DNA from bone samples and confirm they are B. borealis, and the occurrence of same mitochondrial haplotypes indicate that the bones belong to the same individual. Additionally, a blue inscription was discovered at the caudal epiphysis of a thoracic vertebra; historical research matched this inscription with the material belonging to the former Anatomical-Zootomical Museum, from which the holotype was once bought.
Thermally robust ring-shaped chromium perfect absorber of visible light
Authors: Kim Inki , So Sunae , Rana Ahsan Sarwar , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Rho Junsuk 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A number of light-absorbing devices based on plasmonic materials have been reported, and their device efficiencies (or absorption) are high enough to be used in real-life applications. Many light-absorbing applications such as thermophotovoltaics and energy-harvesting and energy-sensing devices usually require high-temperature durability; unfortunately, noble metals used for plasmonics are vulnerable to heat. As an alternative, refractory plasmonics has been introduced using refractory metals such as tungsten (3422°C) and transition metal nitrides such as titanium nitride (2930°C). However, some of these materials are not easy to handle for device fabrications owing to their ultra-high melting point. Here, we propose a light absorber based on chromium (Cr), which is heat tolerant due to its high melting temperature (1907°C) and is compatible with fabrication using conventional semiconductor manufacturing processes. The fabricated device has >95% average absorption of visible light (500–800 nm) independent of polarization states. To verify its tolerance of heat, the absorber was also characterized after annealing at 600°C. Because of its compactness, broadband operational wavelength, and heat tolerance, this Cr perfect absorber will have applications in high-temperature photonic devices such as solar thermophotovoltaics.
Acute anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are related to different patterns of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine dysfunction
Authors: Nikolaus Susanne , Mamlins Eduards , Hautzel Hubertus , Müller Hans-Wilhelm 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptor and transporter dysfunctions play a major role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases including anxiety disorder (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) in the manic (BDman) or depressive (BDdep) state and schizophrenia (SZ). We performed a PUBMED search, which provided a total of 239 in vivo imaging studies with either positron emission tomography (PET) or single-proton emission computed tomography (SPECT). In these studies, DA transporter binding, D1 receptor (R) binding, D2R binding, DA synthesis and/or DA release in patients with the primary diagnosis of acute AD (n=310), MDD (n=754), BDman (n=15), BDdep (n=49) or SZ (n=1532) were compared to healthy individuals. A retrospective analysis revealed that AD, MDD, BDman, BDdep and SZ differed as to affected brain region(s), affected synaptic constituent(s) and extent as well as direction of dysfunction in terms of either sensitization or desensitization of transporter and/or receptor binding sites. In contrast to AD and SZ, in MDD, BDman and BDdep, neostriatal DA function was normal, whereas MDD, BDman, and BDdep were characterized by the increased availability of prefrontal and frontal DA. In contrast to AD, MDD, BDman and BDdep, DA function in SZ was impaired throughout the nigrostriatal and mesolimbocortical system with an increased availability of DA in the striatothalamocortical and a decreased availability in the mesolimbocortical pathway.
A review of the use of EEG connectivity to measure the neurological characteristics of the sensory features in young people with autism
Authors: Sarmukadam Kimaya , Sharpley Christopher F. , Bitsika Vicki , McMillan Mary M.E. , Agnew Linda L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting about 1 in 100 children and is currently incurable. ASD represents a challenge to traditional methods of assessment and diagnosis, and it has been suggested that direct measures of brain activity and connectivity between brain regions during demanding tasks represents a potential pathway to building more accurate models of underlying brain function and ASD. One of the key behavioural diagnostic indicators of ASD consists of sensory features (SF), often characterised by over- or under-reactivity to environmental stimuli. SF are associated with behavioural difficulties that impede social and education success in these children as well as anxiety and depression. This review examines the previous literature on the measurement of EEG connectivity and SF observed in individuals with ASD.
Crystal and molecular structure of trans-[RhCl(CO)(P
t
Bu2Ph)2]
Authors: Mayer Peter , Böttcher Hans-Christian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Treatment of THF solutions containing the rhodium(II) complex trans-[RhCl2(P
t
Bu2Ph)2] (1) with [Fe2(CO)9] in the same solvent resulted in the formation of the Vaska-type complex trans-[RhCl(CO)(P
t
Bu2Ph)2] (2) in high yield. The title complex 2 was obtained as pale yellow crystals, characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as by microanalyses. Additionally, the molecular structure of 2 has been established by X-ray crystallography. As often reported for similar constituted compounds, the chlorido and carbonyl ligands in crystals of 2 are strongly disordered.
Synthesis, Characterization and Solution Properties of Novel Cationic Ester-Based Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Panda Manorama , Fatma Nazish , Kamil Mohammad 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The present investigation involves the synthesis of a series of novel green ethylene oxide-linked diester-functionalized cationic gemini surfactants 2,2′-[(oxybis(ethane-1,2-diyl))bis(oxy)]bis(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethanaminium) dichloride (Cm-DEG-Cm; m = 12, 14, 16). These compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, MS-ESI (+), FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis; their solution properties were evaluated by surface tension and rheology measurements. The dimeric surfactant, Cm-DEG-Cm, possesses improved physicochemical properties as compared to its monomeric counterpart. Much lower critical micelle concentration (cmc) makes the cationic gemini surfactants more useful for the biomedical, pharmaceutical, industrial and academic sectors. Longer the alkyl chain of surfactants lower are the cmc values, the order is C16-DEG-C16 < C14-DEG-C14 < C12-DEG-C12. For all the three synthesized gemini surfactants no cloud point was noticed in between the temperatures 0 °C to 100 °C at the concentrations 0.002 mM, 0.02 mM and 0.2 mM of the aqueous surfactant solutions which is a beneficial factor for the use of these amphiphiles in various areas of application.
Green Synthesis of Ag–NiO and Investigation of its Catalytic Activity for Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Atta-ul-Haq  , Saeed Muhammad , Jamal Muhammad Asghar , Akram Nadia , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Afaq Umair 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The plants assisted green synthesis of nanoparticles have drawn a momentous importance worldwide. NiO is one the metal oxides researched comprehensively for decades and still has dominance in the field of photo-catalysis. In present study NiO and Ag–NiO were successfully prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly method using nickel nitrate, silver nitrate and leaves extract of Azadirachta indica L. plant as precursor materials. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM and TGA. Then the photo-catalytic efficiency of NiO and Ag–NiO were evaluated by aqueous phase photo-degradation of rhodamine B as a model pollutant under ultraviolet irradiations. About 40% and 96% of 200 mg/L (50 mL) degraded in 120 min at 40 °C over NiO and Ag–NiO as photo-catalyst respectively. The apparent rate constants were determined as 0.0109, 0.0165, 0.0175 and 0.0190 per min at 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C respectively. 14.6 kJ/mol was calculated as activation energy of reaction.
Retrospective Review of Pediatric Thyroid Eye Disease Cases Referred to Nicklaus Children's Hospital
Authors: Enghelberg Moises , Wong Alice , Aguilera Zenia P. , Warman Roberto 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: We evaluate presenting features of pediatric thyroid eye disease, and discuss the morbidity and clinical course of this condition in the pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 11 patients referred for evaluation of thyroid eye disease at a pediatric tertiary care facility in Miami, Florida.Results: The average age at presentation was 12.7 years. The most common ocular complaint was mild irritation. Patients tended to be positive for thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibody. The average displacement on Hertel exophthalmometry was 21mm for the right eye, and 21.45mm for the left eye. Lower scleral show was the most common eyelid finding. Conclusion: In contrast to thyroid eye disease in adults, the condition tends to present with mild ocular findings in children. Pediatric patients presenting with thyroid eye disease respond very well to medical therapy aimed at enhancing the altered ocular surface.
A small case series of toe sparing surgery: excision of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in diabetic patients to facilitate wound healing
Authors: Tiwari Alok , Wilson Ian , DeBrito Marianne , David Miruna , Saeed Mujahid A 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAim: Various surgical options exist for failed antibiotic treatment of non-healing ulcer or osteomyelitis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Our aim was to look at the outcome of patients undergoing toe-sparing surgery during excision of the first MTP.Methods: A prospective series of patients undergoing toe-sparing surgery of the first MTP joint under one vascular surgeon from 2014 to 2016 and looked after by the multidisciplinary diabetic foot team was studied. All patients undergoing surgery were followed up until wound healing. Complications and time to healing were recorded including any subsequent procedures.Results: Seven men (mean age 56.4 years) with diabetes underwent this procedure. Mean wound healing time was 9.5 weeks (range 5–16 weeks). All toes were preserved with no new ulcerations and minimal complications.Conclusion: In selected patients with first MTP joint ulceration and/or osteomyelitis, toe-sparing surgery can be undertaken with excellent results, preserving the toe with fast wound healing and no ischaemia to the adjacent toe.
A prediction model for primary aldosteronism when the salt loading test is inconclusive
Authors: Velema Marieke S , Linssen Evie J M , Hermus Ad R M M , Groenewoud Hans J M M , van der Wilt Gert-Jan , van Herwaarden Antonius E , Lenders Jacques W M , Timmers Henri J L M , Deinum Jaap 
Published: October 2018

Objective
To develop a prediction model to confirm or exclude primary aldosteronism (PA) in patients with an inconclusive salt loading test (SLT).

Context
Diagnosis in patients with a suspicion of PA can be confirmed using an SLT. In case of inconclusive test results the decision about how to manage the patient is usually based on contextual clinical data.

Design
We included a retrospective cohort of 276 patients in the final analysis.

Methods
All patients underwent an SLT between 2005 and 2016 in our university medical center. The SLT was inconclusive (post-infusion aldosterone levels 140–280 pmol/L) in 115 patients. An expert panel then used contextual clinical data to diagnose PA in 45 of them. Together with 101 patients with a positive SLT this resulted in a total of 146 patients with PA. A total of 11 variables were used in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. We assessed internal validity by bootstrapping techniques.

Results
The following variables were independently associated with PA: more intense potassium supplementation, lower plasma potassium concentration, lower plasma renin concentration before SLT and higher plasma aldosterone concentration after SLT. The resulting prediction model had a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 94.3% in patients with an inconclusive SLT. The positive and negative predictive values were 90.5 and 90.4%, respectively.

Conclusions
We developed a prediction model for the diagnosis of PA in patients with an inconclusive SLT that results in a diagnosis that was in high agreement with that of an expert panel.
Mediation at School in Lithuania (Case Study)
Authors: Čiuladienė Gražina 
Published: October 2018

Schools implement peer mediation programs in order to fulfill the need for better conflict management among school students. It has been revealed that teaching students to be peacemakers is a very valuable competence benefiting them throughout their lives.
Mediation is not used and even known conflict resolution strategy in Lithuania’s schools. Therefore, taking into account the lack of research on school based conflicts this research sets as its object conflict resolution education. It is inspired with the project idea “Mediation at schools” initiated by organization “Save the Children Lithuania” aiming to introduce the innovation – peer mediation as conflict management tool – at Lithuania’s schools.
The research was conducted in one secondary school located in Vilnius, the capital of country. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the experience of pupils attending the peer mediation training (8 h) and mediators’ activities organized at school for a period of two months. The study revealed that pupils more often notice conflicts of others than to confess that they have a conflict themselves. When having a conflict with peers pupils are inclined to apply combat or collaboration strategy. 25 percent of the 7th grade pupils would like to become peer mediator.
When generalising the findings, it can be concluded that mediation training and activities at schools were evaluated as successul. The challenge is to have positive attitude of peer mediation not only of those participated but as well of all school community members (authorities, teachers, parents, pupils) in order the method to be implemeted for a long period.
Avaliação olfatométrica de iscas alimentares para captura de Metamasius hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
Authors: ARAÚJO Romário Guimarães Verçosa de , SILVA JÚNIOR Valdemir Albuquerque da , SABINO Anderson Rodrigues , ARAÚJO JÚNIOR Josemildo Verçosa de , DANTAS Priscylla Costa , DUARTE Adriana Guimarães 
Published: September 2018

As espécies do gênero Metamasius causam injúrias ao se alimentar do tecido vegetativo de plantas da família Aracaceae. Dentro do gênero em questão a espécie Metamasius hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidadae) se destacam. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sua preferência olfativa a diferentes tipos de iscas atrativas. Para realização do experimento, foi necessário a captura dos insetos, através de armadilhas, sendo essas monitoradas semanalmente, e os insetos eram retirados e conduzidos para criação do Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento de Artrópodes (LECOM) do CECA - UFAL, onde foram realizados os ensaios. Para o teste de atratividade alimentar foram utilizados como tratamentos: fragmentos de pseudocaule de bananeira, colmo de cana de açúcar e parte do fruto de coqueiro (epicarpo e mesocarpo). O experimento durou dez dias, sendo realizada três avaliações de atratividade em cada dia de avaliação, sendo a atratividade contabilizada em forma de porcentagem em cada tratamento. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a nível de 5% de probabilidade. Os fragmentos de cana de açúcar e casca de coco foram os que apresentaram uma maior atração aos insetos 36,36% e 35,89% respectivamente. A menor atratividade foi encontrada nos fragmentos de pseudocaule de bananeira, apresentando 14,07% de atração.
Hubungan konseling antenatal dan pemilihan kontrasepsi ibu hamil primigravida
Authors: Riawanti Riawanti , Pusparini Pusparini 
Published: September 2018

LATAR BELAKANGKebutuhan akan kontrasepsi pada masa setelah persalinan perlu direncanakan sejak masa kehamilan termasuk juga dalam memilih kontrasepsi yang tepat sesuai kondisi dan kebutuhan. Informasi mengenai kontrasepsi perlu diberikan melalui konseling selama pelayanan antenatal. Konseling antenatal merupakan bentuk dari konseling yang membantu dalam pemilihan kontrasepsi yang paling sesuai dan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai risiko, keuntungan, dan efek samping kontrasepsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konseling antenatal dan pemilihan kontrasepsi ibu hamil primigravida.
METODEPenelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Delapan puluh sembilan (89) reponden primigravida yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan bersedia berpartisipasi diikutsertakan sebagai sampel penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September sampai Desember 2017 di Puskesmas Pasekan Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner, meliputi karakteristik demografi, konseling antenatal, pengetahuan, sikap, pemilihan alat kontrasepsi setelah persalinan. Pengisian kuesioner tersebut didampingi langsung oleh peneliti sehingga seluruh kuesioner terisi lengkap. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Fisher exact dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05.
HASILPengetahuan ibu primigravida yang termasuk kategori baik sebanyak 22 orang (24,7%), kategori cukup sebanyak 63 orang (70,8%), dan kategori kurang sebanyak 4 orang (4,5%). Dari sikap, terdapat 76 orang (85,4%) kategori baik, kategori cukup sebanyak 12 orang (13,5%), dan kategori kurang sebanyak 1 orang (1,1%). Hasil uji Fisher antara konseling antenatal dan pemilihan kontrasepsi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dengan nilai p=0,02.
KESIMPULANTerdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara konseling antenatal dan pemilihan kontrasepsi pada ibu hamil primigravida.
Kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah berhubungan dengan ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif
Authors: Pratama Gustian Satria , Wratsangka Raditya 
Published: September 2018

LATAR BELAKANGBayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kematian perinatal dan neonatal. Prevalensi BBLR di seluruh dunia mencapai 15% dari seluruh kelahiran, dan > 97% di antaranya terjadi di negara berkembang. Perilaku negatif selama kehamilan seperti paparan asap rokok dapat menurunkan perfusi plasenta sehingga menurunkan penerimaan O2 bagi janin, yang akan meningkatkan risiko kelahiran BBLR. Paparan asap pembakaran tembakau juga menurunkan 20% kadar asam folat di dalam tubuh yang menyebabkan terganggunya pertumbuhan janin di dalam rahim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara paparan asap rokok pada ibu hamil yang bersuamikan perokok aktif dan kejadian BBLR.
METODEPenelitian dengan disain observasional analitik dan pendekatan potong-lintang untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif (variabel bebas) dan kejadian BBLR (variabel tergantung). Populasi terjangkau adalah ibu hamil yang melahirkan di RSUD Karawang pada bulan Januari sampai Agustus 2017, dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana. Data penelitian ini merupakan data primer dan sekunder, yaitu berupa data kuesioner yang didapat dari ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif dan rekam medik untuk data bayi BBLR. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), dan uji chi square dengan derajat kepercayaan (CI) 95% dan batas kemaknaan 0,05.
HASILSubyek penelitian berjumlah 132 orang, dan terdapat 96 bayi (73%) dengan kasus BBLR. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif dan kejadian BBLR (p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0,05)).
KESIMPULANTerdapat hubungan antara ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif dan kejadian BBLR.
COOPERATIVA DE CRÉDITO versus BANCOS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE CUSTO E INVESTIMENTOS EM CRÉDITO RURAL
Authors: Silva Nivaldo Garcia da , Cardoso Tatianne Aparecida de Oliveira , Martins Letícia Nunes Nascimento , Marena Rita Cristina Fernandes , Oliveira Thyago Vinicius Marques 
Published: September 2018

O produtor de café para manter sua propriedade, muitas vezes necessita de recursos financeiros para fazer frente aos custos de suas lavouras e fazer os investimentos necessários ao bom andamento de sua empresa. Para isso ele tem entre as alternativas buscar estes recursos junto aos bancos, sendo o Banco do Brasil S/A uma opção. Outra opção bastante procurada pelos produtores rurais da região de São Gotardo, é se associar a Cooperativa de Crédito de Livre Adesão do Alto Paranaíba. Nas duas opções ele certamente encontrará créditos disponíveis para atender suas necessidades. Porém este estudo verificou, entre estas duas hipóteses, qual seria a mais vantajosa ao produtor. Para isso analisou-se a distribuição de dividendos mais o pagamento de juros sobre o capital próprio pagos pelo Banco do Brasil S/A, comparando este total com o valor das ações ordinárias do mesmo banco, comparando estes com a variação da taxa Selic. E do lado da cooperativa foi comparado a distribuição das sobras e o crescimento da conta de capital social, com a variação da taxa Selic. Foi apurado que a escolha de associar-se a uma cooperativa, levou o produtor a conseguir melhores ganhos financeiros na valorização de seu capital quando comparados ao que ele poderia conseguir no Banco do Brasil S/A.
ABRANGÊNCIA MÍNIMA DOS TRABALHOS DE AUDITORIA INTERNA EM EMPRESAS DO VAREJO
Authors: Pereira Miriane Cristina 
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo busca identificar os campos de atuação e o papel da auditoria interna em empresas varejistas, demonstrando assim, através da coleta das informações de profissionais de auditoria que atuam em empresas do varejo, quais as ferramentas, métodos, áreas auditáveis e o escopo dos trabalhos que uma área de auditoria interna deverá realizar dentro das entidades onde atuam. O estudo demonstra que o auditor interno necessita ter conhecimentos multidisciplinares, além do próprio negócio onde a empresa está inserida, sempre deverá atuar avaliando a relação dos benefícios dos controles e das medidas adotadas em relação aos custos de implanta-las. A visão de se buscar fazer mais e cada vez melhor e com menos recursos, também, é imprescindível. É importante ressaltar que a auditoria interna, por ser um órgão de assessoria e não de linha, a coloca em risco por ocasiões de cortes e reduções de gastos nas empresas, por isso, se faz necessário que o auditor interno saiba realizar seu marketing pessoal mostrando assim que os ganhos trazidos pelo seu trabalho superam os gastos com as manutenção do departamento de auditoria interna, justificando sua manutenção e até de investimentos na citada área. Palavras-chave: Comércio. Varejo. Atacado. Auditoria.