bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Category-Sensitive Age-Related Shifts Between Prosodic and Semantic Dominance in Emotion Perception Linked to Cognitive Capacities
Authors: Lin Yi , Ye Xiaoqing , Zhang Huaiyi , Xu Fei , Zhang Jingyu , Ding Hongwei , Zhang Yang 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
Prior research extensively documented challenges in recognizing verbal and nonverbal emotion among older individuals when compared with younger counterparts. However, the nature of these age-related changes remains unclear. The present study investigated how older and younger adults comprehend four basic emotions (i.e., anger, happiness, neutrality, and sadness) conveyed through verbal (semantic) and nonverbal (facial and prosodic) channels.

Method:

A total of 73 older adults (43 women,
M
age
= 70.18 years) and 74 younger adults (37 women,
M
age
= 22.01 years) partook in a fixed-choice test for recognizing emotions presented visually via facial expressions or auditorily through prosody or semantics.

Results:
The results confirmed age-related decline in recognizing emotions across all channels except for identifying happy facial expressions. Furthermore, the two age groups demonstrated both commonalities and disparities in their inclinations toward specific channels. While both groups displayed a shared dominance of visual facial cues over auditory emotional signals, older adults indicated a preference for semantics, whereas younger adults displayed a preference for prosody in auditory emotion perception. Notably, the dominance effects observed in older adults for visual and semantic cues were less pronounced for sadness and anger compared to other emotions. These challenges in emotion recognition and the shifts in channel preferences among older adults were correlated with their general cognitive capabilities.

Conclusion:
Together, the findings underscore that age-related obstacles in perceiving emotions and alterations in channel dominance, which vary by emotional category, are significantly intertwined with overall cognitive functioning.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27307251
Photometric detection of internal gravity waves in upper main-sequence stars
Authors: Bowman Dominic M. , Van Daele Pieterjan , Michielsen Mathias , Van Reeth Timothy 
Published: November 2024

Context. Massive main-sequence stars have convective cores and radiative envelopes, but can also have sub-surface convection zones caused by partial ionisation zones. However, the convective properties of such regions strongly depend on opacity and therefore a star’s metallicity. Non-rotating 1D evolution models of main-sequence stars between 7 ≤ M ≤ 40 M⊙ and the metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) galaxy suggest tenuous (if any) sub-surface convection zones when using the Rayleigh number as a criterion for convection owing to their substantially lower metallicity compared to Galactic massive stars.
Aims. We test whether massive stars of different metallicities both inside and outside of asteroseismically calibrated stability windows for sub-surface convection exhibit different properties in stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability. Thus, we aim to constrain the metallicity dependence of the physical mechanism responsible for SLF variability commonly found in light curves of massive stars.
Methods. We extracted customised light curves from the ongoing NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission for a sample of massive stars using an effective point spread function (ePSF) method, and compared their morphologies in terms of characteristic frequency, νchar, and amplitude using a Gaussian process (GP) regression methodology.
Results. We demonstrate that the properties of SLF variability observed in time series photometry of massive stars are generally consistent across the metallicity range from the Milky Way down to the SMC galaxy, for stars both inside and outside of the sub-surface stability windows based on the Rayleigh number as a criterion for convection.
Conclusions. We conclude that non-rotating 1D stellar structure models of sub-surface convection cannot alone be used to explain the mechanism giving rise to SLF variability in light curves of massive stars. Additionally, the similar properties of SLF variability across a wide range of metallicity values, which follow the same trends in mass and age in the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram at both high and low metallicity, support a transition in the dominant mechanism causing SLF variability from younger to more evolved stars. Specifically, core-excited internal gravity waves (IGWs) are favoured for younger stars lacking sub-surface convection zones, especially at low metallicity, and sub-surface convection zones are favoured for more evolved massive stars.
Spectrum and energy levels of the high-lying singly excited configurations of Nd III
Authors: Ding M. , Ryabtsev A. N. , Kononov E. Y. , Ryabchikova T. , Pickering J. C. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. We aim to accurately determine bound-to-bound transition wavelengths and energy levels of the high-lying open-shell configurations 4f37s, 4f36d, and 4f35f of doubly ionised neodymium (Nd III, Z = 60) through high-resolution spectroscopy and semi-empirical calculations. This study is motivated by lanthanide atomic data requirements in astronomy, such those involved in investigations of kilonova spectra.
Methods. Fourier transform spectra of Nd Penning and hollow cathode discharge lamps were recorded within the region 32500–54000 cm−1 (3077–1852 Å) and grating spectra of Nd vacuum sliding sparks were recorded within the regions 820–1159 Å and 1600–3250 Å. New energy levels were found using the observed wavelengths measured accurate to a few parts in 108 in Fourier transform spectra and to a few parts in 107 in grating spectra. Atomic structure and transition probability calculations of Nd III were carried out using the Cowan codes, where energy parameters were adjusted to fit all known Nd III levels. Finally, Nd-rich stellar spectra were also used to aid in the analysis.
Results. In total, 355 transitions were classified from observed spectra involving 116 previously experimentally unknown energy levels of the 4f37s, 4f36d, and 4f35f configurations of Nd III, all reported here for the first time. Three newly identified levels of the 4f35d configuration and one newly identified 4f4 level are also reported. Typical level energy uncertainties are 0.01 cm−1 for the 4f37s and 4f36d levels and 0.3 cm−1 for the 4f35f levels. In addition, calculated energy levels up to 130 936 cm−1 are presented, including eigenvector composition and calculated level lifetimes. Calculated transition probabilities and wavelengths between 1900–50 000 Å are also given. Using newly established levels of the 4f37s configuration and the recently established levels of the 4f36s configuration, the ionisation energy of Nd III has been estimated at 178 090 ± 330 cm−1. This result offers up to twice the accuracy of the most recently published value.
Ultrastrong coupling limit to quantum mean force Gibbs state for anharmonic environment
Authors: Kumar Prem , Ghosh Sibasish 
Published: November 2024

The equilibrium state of a quantum system can deviate from the Gibbs state if the system–environment (SE) coupling is not weak. An analytical expression for this mean force Gibbs state (MFGS) is known in the ultrastrong coupling (USC) regime for the Caldeira–Leggett (CL) model that assumes a harmonic environment. Here, we derive analytical expressions for the MFGS in the USC regime for more general SE models. For all the generalized models considered here, we find the USC state to be diagonal in the basis set by the SE interaction, just like in the CL case. While for the generic model considered, the corresponding USC-MFGS is found to alter from the CL result, we do identify a class of models more general than the CL model for which the CL-USC result remains unchanged. We also provide numerical verification for our results. These results provide key tools for the study of strong coupling quantum thermodynamics and several quantum chemistry and biology problems under more realistic SE models, going beyond the CL model.
Vibronic coherent quantum beat in four-layer platinum carbonyl cluster
Authors: Xiao Shufan , Zou Jianwei , Hou Zhuowei , Guan Jianxin , Yu Zhihao , Zheng Junrong 
Published: November 2024

Vibronic coherence has been studied for years, but direct comparisons between the rich experimental features and theory remain rare. In this work, we investigate the vibronic coherent quantum beat of a four-layer platinum carbonyl cluster [Pt3(CO)6]42− in a solution utilizing femtosecond vis-pump/vis-probe transient absorption spectroscopy. By varying the excitational wavelength, quantum beats coupled to either the electronic ground state or the excited state are selectively prepared. A 41 cm−1 beat at the ground state with a phase flip at 615 nm and a 28 cm−1 beat at the excited state with a phase node at 735 nm are observed. The beat amplitudes are asymmetric, stronger on the red side for ground state beats but weaker for excited state beats. Quantum chemistry calculations suggest that these beats result from coupling between the [Pt3(CO)6] layer motions and the electronic excitation. Theoretical model calculations for quantum beats at both electronic states are performed following the doorway–window approach. The calculations explain the oscillation frequency difference, the node positions, and the asymmetry. The beats with different frequencies result from vibronic coupling with different electronic states with the Herzberg–Teller (ground) or Franck–Condon term (excited) involved. The theoretical nodes occur at absorption and fluorescence centers, respectively, although experimental results show a slight blueshift. Quantum window operator calculations link the beat amplitude asymmetry to the Franck–Condon factor matrix imbalances, with the number of nodes dependent on the electronic dephasing rate. The theoretical insights for quantum beats are expected to be general, potentially helpful for the interpretation of observations in other systems.
Locally purified density operators for noisy quantum circuits
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Yang Shuo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Open quantum system simulations are essential for exploring novel quantum phenomena and evaluating noisy quantum circuits. In this Letter, we investigate whether mixed states generated from noisy quantum circuits can be efficiently represented by locally purified density operators (LPDOs). We map an LPDO of N qubits to a pure state of size 2 × N defined on a ladder and introduce a unified method for managing virtual and Kraus bonds. We numerically simulate noisy random quantum circuits with depths of up to d = 40 using fidelity and entanglement entropy as accuracy measures. The LPDO representation is effective in describing mixed states in both the quantum and classical regions; however, it encounters significant challenges at the quantum-classical critical point, restricting its applicability to the quantum region. In contrast, matrix product operators (MPO) successfully characterize the entanglement trend throughout the simulation, while the truncation in MPOs breaks the positivity condition required for a physical density matrix. This work advances our understanding of efficient mixed-state representations in open quantum systems and provides insights into the entanglement structure of noisy quantum circuits.
Thermo-optical analysis of a nanocone based solar absorber for thermophotovoltaic applications
Authors: Reza Mirnaziry Sayyed , Ali Shameli Mohammad , Danaeifar Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the optical and thermal response of a 2D photonic crystal absorber composed of tungsten nanocones, with complete and truncated shapes used in a solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system. We explain how the absorption and temperature of the structure are affected by the presence of a protection layer, lens and an emitter. The total efficiency and contribution of thermal emittance of complete nanocone arrays are compared with truncated absorbers. Based on our results, the efficiency of a non-protected nanocone hits 67% at 400 sunlight and the temperature reaches 1350 K. By adding a silica layer on the absorber, the efficiency slightly reduces to 61%. In addition, we observed a reduction in the efficiency of all studied absorbers at higher sunlight concentration factors. Our results also indicate that the thickness of a silica layer on the tungsten substrate does not have a noticeable change in the efficiency. Finally, the deformation of the structure due to surface diffusion is studied. This study paves the way toward a multi-physical analysis of photonic crystal absorbers in STPV systems.
Interplay of correlations and Majorana mode from local solution perspective
Authors: Barański Jan , Barańska Magdalena , Zienkiewicz Tomasz , Domański Tadeusz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the quasiparticle spectrum of a hybrid system, comprising a correlated (Anderson-type) quantum dot coupled to a topological superconducting nanowire hosting the Majorana boundary modes. From the exact solution of the low-energy effective Hamiltonian, we uncover a subtle interplay between Coulomb repulsion and the Majorana mode. Our analytical expressions show that the spectral weight of the leaking Majorana mode is sensitive to both the quantum dot energy level and the repulsive potential. We compare our results with estimations by Ricco et al (2019 Phys. Rev.B 99 155159) obtained for the same hybrid structure using the Hubbard-type decoupling scheme, and analytically quantify the spectral weight of the zero-energy (topological) mode coexisting with the finite-energy (trivial) states of the quantum dot. We also show that empirical verification of these spectral weights could be feasible through spin-polarized Andreev spectroscopy.
Composite quadrupole order in ferroic and multiferroic materials
Authors: Geilhufe R Matthias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The formalism of composite and intertwined orders has been remarkably successful in discussing the complex phase diagrams of strongly correlated materials and high-Tc
superconductors. Here, we propose that composite orders are also realized in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials when lattice anisotropy is taken into account. This composite order emerges above the ferroic phase transition, and its type is determined by the easy axis of magnetization or polarization, respectively. In multiferroic materials, where polarization and magnetization are coupled, composites of both orders are possible. This formalism of composite orders naturally accounts for magnetoelectric monopole, toroidal, and quadrupole orders. More broadly, composite orders may explain precursor phenomena in incipient ferroic materials, arising at temperatures above the ferroic phase transition and potentially contributing to the characterization of currently hidden orders.
Universal remaining useful life prediction for OECTs under different aging conditions
Authors: Xu Jie , Xiao Kunshu , Wu Xinhao , Pan Tongjie , Huang Cheng-Geng , Huang Wei , Ye Yalan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is significantly important to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for next-generation offshore electronics with stable and reliable performance. Most existing RUL prediction models are not suitable for OECTs RUL prediction tasks as they are based on the premise that components have the same aging conditions. In fact, aging conditions for different OECTs often exist in discrepancy, leading to performance degradation of RUL prediction models. Although a few methods have addressed this issue via transfer learning methods, they still suffer from the challenge in terms of an obvious discrepancy in aging data distribution caused by different aging conditions. To address this issue, we developed a novel universal RUL prediction model for OECTs, called adaptive transformer-based network, to reduce the obvious discrepancy among different aging data. First, a transformer-based feature extractor is used to capture the temporal and spatial aging features from some aging precursors. Then, a multi-scale feature alignment metric is adopted to align the aging features of OECTs by reducing discrepancy at different feature scales. Finally, an adversarial method is developed to obtain aging-condition-invariant features for further feature alignment. Extensive experiments are conducted on a real-world OECTs cycling stability aging test dataset. The average MSE of our method is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the one of the baseline, which indicates that our method achieves great progress for universal RUL prediction of OECTs under different aging conditions.
A reliable, practical and cost-effective portable wireless potentiostat for mobile chemical sensing and biosensing
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Pan Yu , Wang Yanyan , Zhang Kaikai , Shi Shengzhe , Liu Sheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Traditional electrochemical workstations are costly, complex, bulky, and primarily used in laboratories. This study develops a reliable, practical, and cost-effective portable wireless potentiostat to achieve real-time detection on-site and overcome the limitations of traditional electrochemical workstations. The system employs a general-purpose microcontroller unit, a dual-mode bluetooth module and cost-effective multi-analog-to-digital converter to achieve differential sampling of the LMP91000. The system is equipped with buttons and OLEDs, enabling connection to mobile phones and computers for in-depth data analysis or independent operation. The system was successfully tested with [Fe(CN)6]3−, C6H12O6, and C3H6O3 solutions at concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mm. The goodness-of-fit (R
2) values are 0.984, 0.996, and 0.998, respectively. The average relative standard deviation of the three blank solutions is approximately 3.22%. The detection limits measured (0.003, 0.009, and 0.005 mm) are all lower than the minimum detection concentration (0.2, 0.1, and 0.1 mM). The coefficient of variation for repetitive experiments is less than 5.53%. The device accurately executed chronoamperometry (applied voltage range is ± 1.2 V, current range is ± 882 μA, accuracy is ±1%) with high sensitivity and good repeatability. Based on this circuit, a lactic acid detector and a urine glucose detector were developed, which work stably and support long-term operation, proving the stability and reliability of the circuit. Compared to commercial electrochemical workstations, portable wireless electrochemical system offers remarkable advantages in cost (<$6.4), size (41.5 mm × 76.5 mm), and practicality, making it suitable for a range of applications, including biomedical analysis, food safety, environmental monitoring, and smart wearables.
Theoretical investigation of iodine plasma through detailed electron impact excitation cross-section calculations and collisional-radiative model analysis
Authors: Agrawal Ayushi , Gupta Shivam , Sharma Lalita , Srivastava Rajesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the present study, we consider the electron impact excitation of neutral iodine and its application in developing a collisional-radiative model for plasma diagnostics of iodine plasma. Electron impact excitation cross-sections are calculated using fully relativistic distorted wave theory. The required atomic structure calculations for iodine are carried out using the relativistic multi-configuration Dirac-Fock method. The excitation energies obtained are reported and compared with values from the NIST database. The electron impact excitation cross-sections are calculated from the ground (5p5
2P

3
/
2

°

) and first-excited state (5p5
2P

1
/
2

°

) to the several upper fine structure levels. Our cross-section results align well with previous studies, reported by Ambalampitiya et al (2021 Atoms
9 103) using the Breit-Pauli B-spline R-matrix method. Further, calculated cross-section results are incorporated into the collisional-radiative model. Our model also includes electron impact ionization, de-excitation, three-body recombination, and radiative decay. We validate our model using emission spectra from inductively coupled iodine plasma. For this purpose, we used the recorded intensities for the emission lines, 486.23 nm, 511.92 nm, 523.45 nm, 589.40 nm, and 608.24 nm are compared with those obtained from our model to calculate electron temperature and electron density of the iodine plasma.
Bending and sensing performances of electro-ionic soft actuators based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibers reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Ma Chao , Wang Fan , Deng Congqing , Ye Wei , Yu Yizuan , Li Qinchuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Soft robots not only possess greater degrees of freedom and the capability for continuous transformation, but they also offer exceptionally high safety in human–robot interactions, avoiding harm to the human body. Soft actuators are essential for developing high-performance soft robots, offering significant bending deformation, rapid response times, and prolonged operational capabilities. Herein, we present an ionic electroactive soft actuator based on functional cellulose nanofibers, graphene nanoplatelets, and ionic liquid. The proposed actuator achieved a large displacement about ±8 mm under 2.0 V at 0.1 Hz, with long working stability (98% of initial peak displacement maintained after 1260 cycles of cycling). The human–robot interaction applications of this actuator were explored by simulating human fingers. More importantly, the static and dynamic sensing performances of the actuator were investigated, finding that it generated a sensing voltage of 0.37 V at a vibration displacement of only 1.75 mm. The designed actuator provides a promising approach for developing high-performance soft robots, soft actuators, flexible sensors, and flexible active devices.
Two-dimensional Coulomb gas on an elliptic annulus
Authors: Nagao Taro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is well-known that two-dimensional Coulomb gases at a special inverse temperature β = 2 can be analyzed by using the orthogonal polynomial method borrowed from the theory of random matrices. In this paper, such Coulomb gas molecules are studied when they are distributed on an elliptic annulus, and the asymptotic forms of the molecule correlation functions in the thermodynamic limit are evaluated. For that purpose, two-dimensional orthogonality relations of the Chebyshev polynomials on an elliptic annulus are utilized.