bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Stark Johanna 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The final chapter summarizes the arguments of the book that have exposed the ‘philosophical externalities’ of regulatory competition. If taken seriously as an interpretive framework of law production and reform, regulatory competition commits us to an understanding of law that is inconsistent with other views about law and its role in society that we appear to hold. What does not follow from these arguments is that regulatory competition and the resulting law markets are, in any possible scenario, inherently bad. It would be utopian to assume that the clock on the structural preconditions that have led to competitive dynamics in several areas of law could simply be turned back. To a significant extent, regulatory competition is one of the many symptoms of globalization. The global integration of political, legal, and economic spheres in numerous ways calls into question the role and impact of the nation state. What you think about regulatory competition therefore may not depend so much on the plausibility of its resulting in a race to the top or the bottom in legal standards, but on what you think about the purpose and function of the state in a globalized world.
An Introduction to Quantum Optics and Quantum Fluctuations
Authors: Milonni Peter W. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This book is an introduction to quantum optics for students who have studied electromagnetism and quantum mechanics at an advanced undergraduate or graduate level. It provides detailed expositions of theory with emphasis on general physical principles. Foundational topics in classical and quantum electrodynamics, including the semiclassical theory of atom-field interactions, the quantization of the electromagnetic field in dispersive and dissipative media, uncertainty relations, and spontaneous emission, are addressed in the first half of the book. The second half begins with a chapter on the Jaynes-Cummings model, dressed states, and some distinctly quantum-mechanical features of atom-field interactions, and includes discussion of entanglement, the no-cloning theorem, von Neumann’s proof concerning hidden variable theories, Bell’s theorem, and tests of Bell inequalities. The last two chapters focus on quantum fluctuations and fluctuation-dissipation relations, beginning with Brownian motion, the Fokker-Planck equation, and classical and quantum Langevin equations. Detailed calculations are presented for the laser linewidth, spontaneous emission noise, photon statistics of linear amplifiers and attenuators, and other phenomena. Van der Waals interactions, Casimir forces, the Lifshitz theory of molecular forces between macroscopic media, and the many-body theory of such forces based on dyadic Green functions are analyzed from the perspective of Langevin noise, vacuum field fluctuations, and zero-point energy. There are numerous historical sidelights throughout the book, and approximately seventy exercises.
Scandal in the Courts
Authors: Perry Elisabeth Israels 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In 1930, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized an investigation first into New York City’s lower court system and then into its entire government. The investigation, known by the name of its head, retired judge Samuel Seabury, had a dramatic impact on the city’s politics and its powerful Democratic Party machine, Tammany Hall. Because the investigation began with an inquiry into the entrapment of women for alleged sex crimes and their subsequent treatment in the city’s women’s court, it attracted great interest from the city’s women civic activists. These women played significant roles in encouraging and later broadening the Seabury investigation and in making decisions about its consequences.
Effect of Brine Acidification on Fermentation Microbiota, Chemistry, and Texture Quality of Cucumbers Fermented in Calcium or Sodium Chloride Brines
Authors: McMurtrie Erin K. , Johanningsmeier Suzanne D. , Breidt Fred , Price Robert E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCommercial fermentation for bulk preservation of cucumbers relies on natural microbiota and approximately 1 M sodium chloride (NaCl) brines, resulting in large volumes of high‐salt wastewater. An alternative process utilizing 0.1 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) as the only salt was developed to eliminate NaCl from fermentation brines for reduced environmental impact. This study determined the effect of brine acidification on the fermentation microbiota and texture quality of cucumbers fermented in CaCl2 brines. Cucumber fermentations were conducted in sealed glass jars for six independent lots of cucumbers in a randomized complete block design with a full‐factorial treatment structure for brine acidification (acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, or nonacidified) and brining salt (1 M NaCl or 0.1 M CaCl2). Enterobacteriaceae spp. survived longer and were >1 log colony forming units/mL higher in fermenting cucumbers than in brines. Addition of 25 mM acetic acid to fermentation brines (but not the addition of hydrochloric acid at the same pH) reduced Enterobacteriaceae spp. in brines and cucumbers (P < 0.002) during the initiation of fermentation for both brining salts. However, acidification had no effect on texture quality of fermented cucumbers (P = 0.8235). Despite differences in early fermentation microbiota, fermentation of cucumbers in calcium chloride brines under controlled conditions, with or without acidification, resulted in high retention of tissue firmness. These results differ from fermentations in a commercial setting initiated in brines of neutral pH, indicating that production variables, such as air exposure, interact with brining in CaCl2 to negatively affect the texture quality of fermented cucumbers.Practical ApplicationThis study examined the effects of initial brine acidification on the course of lactic acid fermentation and resulting texture quality of cucumbers fermented in calcium or sodium salt brines. Fermentation brines containing acetic acid (the acid in vinegar) reduced the pH of the cucumber and the soil‐associated Enterobacteriaceae spp. most rapidly, and favored the conversion of sugars to lactic acid. Interestingly, the texture quality was not affected by brine acidification, and all cucumbers fermented in calcium brines in the absence of air retained their firmness during fermentation and bulk storage.
The Genetic Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Aspects of Problem Drinking in an Ascertained Sample
Authors: Johnson Emma C. , St. Pierre Celine L. , Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Aliev Fazil , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Lai Dongbing , Dick Danielle M. , Goate Alison M. , Kramer John , Kuperman Samuel , Nurnberger John I. , Schuckit Marc A. , Porjesz Bernice , Edenberg Howard J. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Agrawal Arpana 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundGenomewide association studies (GWAS) have begun to identify loci related to alcohol consumption, but little is known about whether this genetic propensity overlaps with specific indices of problem drinking in ascertained samples.MethodsIn 6,731 European Americans who had been exposed to alcohol, we examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) from a GWAS of weekly alcohol consumption in the UK Biobank predicted variance in 6 alcohol‐related phenotypes: alcohol use, maximum drinks within 24 hours (MAXD), total score on the Self‐Rating of the Effects of Ethanol Questionnaire (SRE‐T), DSM‐IV alcohol dependence (DSM4AD), DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder symptom counts (DSM5AUDSX), and reduction/cessation of problematic drinking. We also examined the extent to which an single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1229984) in ADH1B, which is strongly associated with both alcohol consumption and dependence, contributed to the polygenic association with these phenotypes and whether PRS interacted with sex, age, or family history of alcoholism to predict alcohol‐related outcomes. We performed mixed‐effect regression analyses, with family membership and recruitment site included as random effects, as well as survival modeling of age of onset of DSM4AD.ResultsPRS for alcohol consumption significantly predicted variance in 5 of the 6 outcomes: alcohol use (Δmarginal R2 = 1.39%, Δ area under the curve [AUC] = 0.011), DSM4AD (Δmarginal R2 = 0.56%; ΔAUC = 0.003), DSM5AUDSX (Δmarginal R2 = 0.49%), MAXD (Δmarginal R2 = 0.31%), and SRE‐T (Δmarginal R2 = 0.22%). PRS were also associated with onset of DSM4AD (hazard ratio = 1.11, p = 2.08e−5). The inclusion of rs1229984 attenuated the effects of the alcohol consumption PRS, particularly for DSM4AD and DSM5AUDSX, but the PRS continued to exert an independent effect for all 5 alcohol measures (Δmarginal R2 after controlling for ADH1B = 0.14 to 1.22%). Interactions between PRS and sex, age, or family history were nonsignificant.ConclusionsGenetic propensity for typical alcohol consumption was associated with alcohol use and was also associated with 4 of the additional 5 outcomes, though the variance explained in this sample was modest. Future GWAS that focus on the multifaceted nature of AUD, which goes beyond consumption, might reveal additional information regarding the polygenic underpinnings of problem drinking.
Genome‐wide association analysis and gene set enrichment analysis with SNP data identify genes associated with 305‐day milk yield in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Clancey E. , Kiser J. N. , Moraes J. G. N. , Dalton J. C. , Spencer T. E. , Neibergs H. L. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMilk production traits, such as 305‐day milk yield (305MY), have been under direct selection to improve production in dairy cows. Over the past 50 years, the average milk yield has nearly doubled, and over 56% of the increase is attributable to genetic improvement. As such, additional improvements in milk yield are still possible as new loci are identified. The objectives of this study were to detect SNPs and gene sets associated with 305MY in order to identify new candidate genes contributing to variation in milk production. A population of 781 primiparous Holstein cows from six central Washington dairies with records of 305MY and energy corrected milk were used to perform a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAA) using the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777 962 SNPs) to identify QTL associated with 305MY (P < 1.0 × 10−5). A gene set enrichment analysis with SNP data (GSEA‐SNP) was performed to identify gene sets (normalized enrichment score > 3.0) and leading edge genes (LEGs) influencing 305MY. The GWAA identified three QTL comprising 34 SNPs and 30 positional candidate genes. In the GSEA‐SNP, five gene sets with 58 unique and 24 shared LEGs contributed to 305MY. Identification of QTL and LEGs associated with 305MY can provide additional targets for genomic selection to continue to improve 305MY in dairy cattle.
Improving university students’ web savvy: An intervention study
Authors: McGrew Sarah , Smith Mark , Breakstone Joel , Ortega Teresa , Wineburg Sam 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundYoung people increasingly turn to the Internet for information about social and political issues. However, they struggle to evaluate the trustworthiness of the information they encounter online.AimsThis pilot study investigated whether a focused curricular intervention could improve university students’ ability to make sound judgements of credibility.SampleParticipants (n = 67) were students in four sections of a ‘critical thinking and writing’ course at a university on the West Coast of the United States. Course sections were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 29) and control conditions (n = 38).MethodsWe conducted a pre‐and‐posttest, treatment/control experiment using a 2 × 2 × 2 design (treatment condition × order × time) with repeated measures on the last factor. Students in the treatment group received two 75‐min lessons on evaluating the credibility of online content. An assessment of online reasoning was administered to students 6 weeks prior to the intervention and again 5 weeks after.ResultsStudents in the treatment group were significantly more likely than students in the control group to have shown gains from pretest to posttest.ConclusionsResults suggest that teaching students a small number of flexible heuristics that can be applied across digital contexts can improve their evaluation of online sources.
Dissenting Voices: Challenging the Colonial System
Authors: Janse Maartje , Hoek Anne-Lot 
Published: April 2019

This publication emerges from a process of co-creation in which
historian Maartje Janse and research journalist Anne-Lot Hoek challenge the
dominant national narrative about the colonial experience in the Dutch East
Indies (present-day Indonesia). In combining journalistic and academic writing
with musical performance by musician Ernst Jansz they amplify the critical
voices that have spoken out against colonial injustice and that have long been
ignored in public and academic debate. Even though it is often suggested that
the mindset of people in the past prevented them from seeing what was wrong with
things we now find highly problematic, they argue that there was indeed a
tradition of colonial criticism in the Netherlands, one that included the voices
of many ‘forgotten critics’ whose lives and criticism are the subject of this
publication. The voices however were for a long time overlooked by Dutch
historians. The publication is organized around the biographies of several
critics (whose lives Janse and Hoek have published on before), the historical
debate afterwards and includes reflective videos and texts on the process of
co-creation.
Maartje Janse started the process by tracing the life history of an outspoken
nineteenth-century critic of the colonial system in the Dutch East Indies,
Willem Bosch. The authors argue that it was not self-evident how criticism of
colonial injustices should be voiced and that Bosch experimented with different
methods, including organizing one of the first Dutch pressure groups.
The story of Willem Bosch inspired Ernst Jansz, a Dutch musician with Indo roots,
to compose a song (‘De ballade van Sarina en Kromo’). It is an interpretation of
an old Malaysian ‘krontjong’ song, that Jansz transformed into a protest song
that reminds its listeners of protest songs of the 1960s and 1970s. Jansz, in
his lyrics, adds an indigenous perspective to this project. He performed the
song during the Voice4Thought festival in 2016, a gathering that aimed to
reflect upon migration and mobility in current times. Filmmaker Sjoerd Sijsma
made a video ‘pamplet’ in which the performance of Ernst Jansz, an interview
with Maartje Janse, and historical images from the colonial period have been
combined.
Anne-Lot Hoek connected Willem Bosch to a series of twentieth-century
anti-colonial critics such as Dutch Indies civil servant Siebe Lijftogt,
Indonesian nationalists Sutan Sjahrir, Rachmad Koesoemobroto, Dutch writer Rudy
Kousbroek and Indonesian activist Jeffry Pondaag. She argues that dissenting
voices have been underrepresented in the post-war debates on colonialism and its
legacy for decades, and that one of the main reasons is that the notion of the
objective historian was not effectively problematized for a long time.
http://dissentingvoices.bridginghumanities.com/
BREVÍSSIMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE LÍNGUAS BANTU; EM PARTICULAR, A LÍNGUA KIKONGO: MEMÓRIAS AFRO-BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Santana Tiganá 
Published: April 2019

A língua kikongo, dentro do vasto mapa linguístico do continente africano, inclui-se no grupo bantu, estudado, notadamente, por linguistas como Greenberg (1982), Nurse e Philippson (2014), Ngunga (2014), Castro (2005), etc. Apresentamos uma descrição básica do kikongo, a partir da gramática de Miguel Barroso Quiala, Longoka Kikongo. A memória da referida língua, que exerce importante influência sobre a cultura brasileira, chega-nos, nestes escritos, por meio do que é geralmente cantado no Candomblé de linhagem conhecida como Congo-Angola.
The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Rahmawati Fitria , Putri Fatmawati R. , Masykur Abu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis research prepared a TiO2, ZnS, and ZnS-TiO2film on a carbon fiber, to produce TiO2/C-fiber, ZnS-C-fiber, and ZnS-TiO2/C-fiber by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD). Results show that TiO2/C-fiber consist of anatase at 2θ 25.3 o and 54.6 o, rutile at 2θ 43.5 o and a carbon characteristic peak at 2θ of 24.5 o. Meanwhile, the characteristic peaks of ZnS on ZnS-TiO2/C-fiber present at 2θ of 27.91 o and 54.58 o. TiO2/C-fiber has a band gap energy of 3.60 eV, the ZnS/C-fiber of 3.73 eV; when those two catalyst combine, the gap energy is 3.15 eV indicating the interface charge transfer between ZnS-TiO2. Photocatalytic treatment of an isopropanol solution with TiO2/C-fiber as a catalyst and under UV light radiation present results peaks at 222- 224 nm and 265 nm, indicating the electronic transition of acetone. Meanwhile, the isopropanol degradation with ZnS-TiO2/C-fiber produced a new peak at 234-237 nm. The Quantum Yield, QY, of ZnS-TiO2/C-fiber is 6.96 x 10-4, higher than TiO2/C-fiber, i.e., 0.42 x 10-4. It indicates that ZnS provides a significant role in the photocatalytic activity through a red shift of light response and decreasing electron-hole recombination.
The R.B.Q. (Rational, Behavioral and Quantified) Model
Authors: Challoumis Constantinos 
Published: April 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
This paper is about the classic methods used in the analysis of economics. More precisely, the R.B.Q. (Rational, Behavioral, and Quantified) model is about rational economics and behavioral economic analysis in conjunction with the quantification procedure (Q.E. method). Therefore, in this work are submitted the most common methodological approaches used in economics including a form of their combination. What follows is a critical examination that extendedly scrutinizes the terminology of axiomatic methods. One of the aims of this paper to represent the special characteristics of rational economics in comparison to the case of behavioral economics. Then provided is an analysis wherein the issues relevant to this are represented, and on the basis of which the main differences between the two concepts are showed. Hence, the aim here is to show the crucial attributes of these concepts. This study also uses a quantification method to show the behavior of these two economic theories within their relation to one another, demonstrating a complete view of them in a single economic model.
A Simple Model for the Integration of Goods and the Capital Market with Unionized Labor Markets
Authors: Buccella Domenico 
Published: April 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
The present work analyzes the effects of goods and capital market integration on welfare. In an imperfectly competitive industry with unionized labor, openness to competition via exports, the possibility of holding minority stakes into a rival company and undertaking Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) exemplify product and capital market liberalization, respectively. Challenging the “lieu commune” that liberalization a priori improves the social welfare of an economy, making use of a game-theoretic approach, it is shown that a domestic government should design the appropriate interventions in product and capital markets depending on the precise pattern of economic integration.
Surface Enhanced Vibrational Spectroscopy of Proteins with
Plasmonic Nanoantenna Arrays
Authors: Adato Ronen , Yanik Ahmet A. , Amsden Jason J. , Kaplan David , Omenetto Fiorenzo , Hong Mi K. , Erramilli Shyamsunder , Altug Hatice 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfrared absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool for structural and
functional studies of biomolecules. The technique enables direct access to
the vibrational fingerprints of molecular bonds in the mid-infrared spectral
region (3-20μm). Although intrinsic absorption cross-sections are nearly ten
orders of magnitude greater than corresponding Raman cross-sections, they
are still small in comparison with those of fluorescent molecules.
Sensitivity improvements are therefore required for the method to be
applicable to single molecule / molecular layer studies. In this work, we
demonstrate the use of lithographically patterned arrays of nanoantennas to
enhance the absorption signature of the protein amide-I and II backbone
vibrations. Strong absorption signals from monolayer thickness films are
obtained. By arranging ensembles of tailored antennas in specific lattices,
higher quality factor resonances and increased near-field intensities are
possible. These features are leveraged to obtain
104-105 fold signal enhancements and the direct
measurement of vibrational spectra of proteins at zepto-mole sensitivity
levels.
MANEJO E VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA IRRIGAÇÃO NO CULTIVO DE Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Aleman Catariny Cabral , Marques Patricia Angélica Alves 
Published: April 2019

MANEJO E VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA IRRIGAÇÃO NO CULTIVO DE Calendula officinalis L. CATARINY CABRAL ALEMAN¹ E PATRICIA ANGÉLICA ALVES MARQUES² ¹Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFV, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, e-mail: catariny@ufv.br²Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, UFV, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil, e-mail: paamarques@usp.br 1 RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a influência de lâminas de irrigação baseadas na evaporação do Tanque Classe A (ECA) na produtividade e avaliar a viabilidade econômica do uso da irrigação e adubação orgânica no cultivo de calêndula. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos de irrigação foram: sem irrigação (0), 50%, 75% e 100% ECA e o efeito da adubação orgânica: testemunha sem adubação orgânica e adubação orgânica com esterco bovino curtido. Avaliou-se massa seca de capítulos florais, produtividade, teor e rendimento de flavonóides, custos fixos e totais de produção, receitas líquida e relação B/C. A irrigação foi viável para o cultivo sem adubação para 75 e 100% ECA e para o cultivo com adubação apenas para 50% ECA. O manejo econômico adequado é a utilização de lâmina de irrigação de 100% ECA sem adição da adubação orgânica, utilizando motor elétrico com tarifa verde. Palavras-chave: análise de risco; manejo de recursos hídricos; eficiência do uso da água; plantas medicinais. ALEMAN, C. C.; MARQUES, P. A.MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF IRRIGATION IN THE CULTIVATION OF Calendula officinalis L. 2 ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to determine the influence of irrigation levels based on pan evaporation Class A (ECA) in productivity and evaluate the economic feasibility of the use of irrigation and organic fertilizer on marigold cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a design of randomized blocks with split plots and a four-replication scheme. The irrigation treatments were: no irrigation (0) 50%, 75% and 100% ECA and the effect of organic fertilization: control with no fertilization and organic fertilization with cattle manure. We evaluated dry mass of capitula, productivity, content and yield of flavonoids, fixed and total costs of production, net income and B/C ratio. Irrigation was feasible for cultivation with no fertilization for 75 and 100% ECA and for cultivation with fertilizer, only at 50% ECA. Proper economic management is the use of irrigation depth of 100% ECA with no addition of organic fertilizers, using electric motor with green tariff. Keywords: risk analysis; management of hydric recourse; water use efficiency, medicinal plant.