bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of adherence to cancer-specific prevention recommendations on subsequent risk of cancer in participants in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project
Authors: Xu Jian-Yi , Vena Jennifer E , Whelan Heather K , Robson Paula J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) publish recommendations for cancer prevention. The present study aimed to estimate the association between adherence to these cancer-specific prevention recommendations and subsequent development of cancer in a prospective cohort.DesignA composite adherence score was constructed based on questionnaire data to reflect overall adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle-related recommendations on body fatness, physical activity, diet and alcoholic drinks. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association (hazard ratio; 95 % CI) between the adherence score and risk of developing cancer.SettingAlberta’s Tomorrow Project, a prospective cohort study.ParticipantsMen and women (n25 100, mean age at enrolment 50·5 years) recruited between 2001 and 2009 with no previous cancer diagnosis were included in analyses.ResultsCancer cases (n2066) were identified during a mean follow-up of 11·7 years. Participants who were most adherent to the selected WCRF/AICR recommendations (composite score: 4–6) were 13 % (0·87; 0·78, 0·98) less likely to develop cancer compared with those who were least adherent (composite score: 0–2). Each additional recommendation met corresponded to a 5 % (0·95; 0·91, 0·99) reduction in risk of developing cancer. When stratified by sex, the associations remained significant for women, but not for men.ConclusionsAdherence to lifestyle-related cancer prevention recommendations was associated with reduced risk of developing cancer over the follow-up term in this Canadian cohort.
A review of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) testing in livestock with an emphasis on the use of alternative diagnostic specimens
Authors: Poonsuk Korakrit , Giménez-Lirola Luis , Zimmerman Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) remains an important pathogen of livestock more than 120 years after it was identified, with annual costs from production losses and vaccination estimated at €5.3–€17 billion (US$6.5–US$21 billion) in FMDV-endemic areas. Control and eradication are difficult because FMDV is highly contagious, genetically and antigenically diverse, infectious for a wide variety of species, able to establish subclinical carriers in ruminants, and widely geographically distributed. For early detection, sustained control, or eradication, sensitive and specific FMDV surveillance procedures compatible with high through-put testing platforms are required. At present, surveillance relies on the detection of FMDV-specific antibody or virus, most commonly in individual animal serum, vesicular fluid, or epithelial specimens. However, FMDV or antibody are also detectable in other body secretions and specimens, e.g., buccal and nasal secretions, respiratory exhalations (aerosols), mammary secretions, urine, feces, and environmental samples. These alternative specimens offer non-invasive diagnostic alternatives to individual animal sampling and the potential for more efficient, responsive, and cost-effective surveillance. Herein we review FMDV testing methods for contemporary and alternative diagnostic specimens and their application to FMDV surveillance in livestock (cattle, swine, sheep, and goats).
Implication of our technological species being first and early: The anthropic selection effect of our technological youth
Authors: Whitmire Daniel P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the previous paper (Whitmire 2017; hereafter Paper I) arguments were given which suggest that the typical technological species is short-lived and that their demise coincides with the extinction of their planetary biosphere. This conclusion is based on two observations and one primary assumption. The observations are: (1) Our own technological species is the first such species to evolve on Earth and (2) we are early in the potential evolution of a technological species. The primary assumption is that we are a typical member (in age) of the reference class of all extant technological species in the universe. In this Letter, I thoroughly discuss the anthropic selection effect that the predicted lifetime of the typical technological species would most likely first be made when a technological species is young, thus guaranteeing a predicted short lifetime, regardless of the actual typical lifetime. I argue here that this selection effect is equivalent to narrowly redefining the reference class to be only early technological species and, although true, it is a logical tautology, correct by definition and does not invalidate the application of the Principle of Mediocrity assumption to the expanded reference class of all technological species, as was done in Paper I. Several simple analogies are given to illustrate this point.
Temporal Variation of Kuroshio Nutrient Stream South of Japan
Authors: Long Yu , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Guo Xinyu , Huang Haocai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe temporal variation of the Kuroshio nutrient stream south of Japan was examined using quarterly hydrographic data at section 137E from 2000 to 2013. During the seasonal cycle, nitrate flux and transport reach the maximum (minimum) in autumn (winter). The Kuroshio recirculation contributes about 60% to the mean eastward nitrate transport and the seasonal variations thereof. Empirical orthogonal function analysis showed two dominant modes in nitrate flux, nitrate concentration, and velocity at section 137E; these were associated with Kuroshio path meander and the Kuroshio Extension decadal oscillation. The Kuroshio large meander induced a significant increase in the eastward nitrate transport, from 609 to 1,723 kmol/s, at the section. Due to the modulation of the Kuroshio Extension decadal oscillation, both the eastward nitrate transport and the Kuroshio recirculation were stronger in an unstable state compared to when in a stable state. The variation in the eastward nitrate transport in these dynamic patterns can be attributed to the strength, location, and spatial expansion of the Kuroshio recirculation south of Japan. Nitrate transport from the south of Japan to the Kuroshio Extension was relatively stable at 400 kmol/s. There was a strong seasonal variation in the surface chlorophyll concentration over the subtropical gyre including Kuroshio recirculation region, whereas variations in the Kuroshio region was controlled by the Kuroshio path shift. The velocity‐weighted nitrate concentration in the dense layer along the Kuroshio path increased throughout the year while that in the light layer decreased in spring and autumn and increased in summer and winter.
Long‐Term Distribution of Meteors in a Solar Cycle Period Observed by VHF Meteor Radars at Near‐Equatorial Latitudes
Authors: Batubara M. , Yamamoto M.‐Y. , Madkour W. , Manik T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe investigated meteor height and number of meteor echoes over a 13‐year observation period, with the data recorded by the meteor wind radar systems in Kototabang (0.20°S, 100.32°E) and Biak (1.17°S, 136.10°E), Indonesia. We aimed to investigate the changes in meteor peak height according to solar activity, represented by the solar radio index F10.7, and the number of solar sunspots, R, compared with the empirical results of the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Extending (MSISE) and Committee on Space Research International Reference Atmosphere models. We found that (i) the daily meteor count rates at both sites in the period from 2003 to 2016 could be used to determine the dynamics in the upper atmosphere, where peak conditions occurred in the middle of the year; (ii) through a statistical approach using the normal distribution function, the variation in meteor peak height showed a positive correlation with the trend in solar activity; and (iii) comparison between the two empirical models and our observations showed two points where annual air density seemed to have a clear relationship with peak meteor height. In addition, the annual neutral density pattern of the model was related to the daily meteor count every year, although it showed a pattern opposite to the solar activity trends.
Direct Measurements of Dry and Wet Deposition of Black Carbon Over a Grassland
Authors: Emerson Ethan W. , Katich Joseph M. , Schwarz Joshua P. , McMeeking Gavin R. , Farmer Delphine K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe atmospheric lifetime of black carbon (BC) is controlled by wet and dry deposition, which are poorly constrained by observations. We show that the single‐particle soot photometer can measure surface‐atmosphere exchange fluxes of refractory BC (rBC) particle mass (mrBC) and number (NrBC) by eddy covariance. We report field measurements of rBC dry and wet deposition rates during summer 2017 at the Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma. On average, dry deposition of rBC is 0.3 ± 0.2 mm/s. We estimate a wet deposition flux of 2,600 ng·m−2·hr−1 over the 148.5 mm of rainfall observed. These data indicate a composite lifetime of 7–11 days.
From chip-in-a-lab to lab-on-a-chip: a portable Coulter counter using a modular platform
Authors: Dekker Stefan , Isgor Pelin Kubra , Feijten Tobias , Segerink Loes I. , Odijk Mathieu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe field of microfluidics has been struggling to obtain widespread market penetration. In order to overcome this struggle, a standardized and modular platform is introduced and applied. By providing easy-to-fabricate modular building blocks which are compatible with mass manufacturing, we decrease the gap from lab-to-fab. These standardized blocks are used in combination with an application-specific fluidic circuit board. On this board, electrical and fluidic connections are demonstrated by implementing an alternating current Coulter counter. This multipurpose building block is reusable in many applications. In this study, it identifies and counts 6 and 11 μm beads. The system is kept in a credit card-sized footprint, as a result of in-house-developed electronics and standardized building blocks. We believe that this easy-to-fabricate, credit card-sized, modular, and standardized prototype brings us closer to clinical and veterinary applications, because it provides an essential stepping stone to fully integrated point -of -care devices.
MicroRNA-10a promotes granulosa cells tumor development via PTEN-AKT/Wnt regulatory axis
Authors: Tu Jiajie , Cheung Hoi-Hung , Lu Gang , Chen Zijiang , Chan Wai-Yee 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe have previously reported that microRNA-10 family could disturb normal development of granulosa cells (GC) during follicle formation. In the current study, the effect of miR-10a on granulosa cell tumor (GCT), a subtype of ovarian cancer, was examined. Strong miR-10a signal was detected in tissues from malignant GCT patients. Forced expression of miR-10a significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, ovarian hormone production, and repressed anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in vitro. The oncogenic role of miR-10a was further validated in an orthotopic GCT model in vivo. In addition, by using CRISPR-Cas9 system, the aggressive phenotype was repressed in miR-10a knockout cancer GC. By using a heterotopic mice model, the oncogenic role of miR-10a was confirmed in vivo. RNA-seq, FISH, western blot, luciferase reporter assay were used to identified PTEN, a well-known anti-GCT gene, as direct functional target of miR-10a in cancer GC; Akt and Wnt were also found as two associated oncogenic pathways of miR-10a in cancer GC. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the miR-10a could promote GCT development via synergistically regulating PTEN, Akt, and Wnt pathways.
Generation of axenic Aedes aegypti demonstrate live bacteria are not required for mosquito development
Authors: Correa Maria A. , Matusovsky Brian , Brackney Doug E. , Steven Blaire 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mosquito gut microbiome plays an important role in mosquito development and fitness, providing a promising avenue for novel mosquito control strategies. Here we present a method for rearing axenic (bacteria free) Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, consisting of feeding sterilized larvae on agar plugs containing a high concentration of liver and yeast extract. This approach allows for the complete development to adulthood while maintaining sterility; however, axenic mosquito’s exhibit delayed development time and stunted growth in comparison to their bacterially colonized cohorts. These data challenge the notion that live microorganisms are required for mosquito development, and suggest that the microbiota’s main role is nutritional. Furthermore, we colonize axenic mosquitoes with simplified microbial communities ranging from a single bacterial species to a three-member community, demonstrating the ability to control the composition of the microbiota. This axenic system will allow the systematic manipulation of the mosquito microbiome for a deeper understanding of microbiota-host interactions.
Temporal trends analysis of human brucellosis incidence in mainland China from 2004 to 2018
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Xu Chunjie , Zhang Shengkui , Wang Zhende , Zhu Ying , Yuan Juxiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith the re-emergence of brucellosis in mainland China since the mid-1990s, an increasing threat to public health tends to become even more violent, advanced warning plays a pivotal role in the control of brucellosis. However, a model integrating the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) with Error-Trend-Seasonal (ETS) methods remains unexplored in the epidemiological prediction. The hybrid ARIMA-ETS model based on discrete wavelet transform was hence constructed to assess the epidemics of human brucellosis from January 2004 to February 2018 in mainland China. The preferred hybrid model including the best-performing ARIMA method for approximation-forecasting and the best-fitting ETS approach for detail-forecasting is evidently superior to the standard ARIMA and ETS techniques in both three in-sample simulating and out-of-sample forecasting horizons in terms of the minimum performance indices of the root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean error rate and mean absolute percentage error. Whereafter, an ahead prediction from March to December in 2018 displays a dropping trend compared to the preceding years. But being still present, in various trends, in the present or future. This hybrid model can be highlighted in predicting the temporal trends of human brucellosis, which may act as the potential for far-reaching implications for prevention and control of this disease.
Design-Considerations regarding Silicon/Graphite and Tin/Graphite Composite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Otero Manuel , Heim Christopher , Leiva Ezequiel P. M. , Wagner Norbert , Friedrich Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn analytical model is proposed to investigate properties of composite electrodes that utilize more than one active material. We demonstrate how the equations can be applied to aid in the design of electrodes by comparing silicon-graphite and tin-graphite composite negative electrodes as examples with practical relevance. Based on simple assumptions, the results show how volume expansion tolerance and initial porosity are important factors for the achievable gravimetric and volumetric capacities as well as volumetric energy density. A Si-alloy/graphite composite electrode is used as an experimental system to corroborate the formulated analysis. Kinetic limitations are also addressed based on a novel heuristic approach.
Towards high-energy, high-resolution computed tomography via a laser driven micro-spot gamma-ray source
Authors: Wu Y. C. , Zhu B. , Li G. , Zhang X. H. , Yu M. H. , Dong K. G. , Zhang T. K. , Yang Y. , Bi B. , Yang J. , Yan Y. H. , Tan F. , Fan W. , Lu F. , Wang S. Y. , Zhao Z. Q. , Zhou W. M. , Cao L. F. , Gu Y. Q. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractComputed Tomography (CT) is a powerful method for non-destructive testing (NDT) and metrology awakes with expanding application fields. To improve the spatial resolution of high energy CT, a micro-spot gamma-ray source based on bremsstrahlung from a laser wakefield accelerator was developed. A high energy CT using the source was performed, which shows that the resolution of reconstruction can reach 100 μm at 10% contrast. Our proof-of-principle demonstration indicates that laser driven micro-spot gamma-ray sources provide a prospective way to increase the spatial resolution and toward to high energy micro CT. Due to the advantage in spatial resolution, laser based high energy CT represents a large potential for many NDT applications.
Missing elimination via membrane vesicle shedding contributes to the diminished calcium sensitivity of listeriolysin O
Authors: Maurer Jana , Hupp Sabrina , Pillich Helena , Mitchell Timothy J. , Chakraborty Trinad , Iliev Asparouh I. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe lytic capacity of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins is enhanced in the extracellular calcium-free environment through a combination of limited membrane repair and diminished membrane toxin removal. For a typical neurotoxin of the group, pneumolysin, this effect has already been observed at reduced (1 mM) calcium conditions, which are pathophysiologically relevant. Here, we tested another neurotoxin of the group, listeriolysin O from L. monocytogenes, active in the primary vacuole after bacterium phagocytosis in host cells. Reduced calcium did not increase the lytic capacity of listeriolysin (in contrast to pneumolysin), while calcium-free conditions elevated it 2.5 times compared to 10 times for pneumolysin (at equivalent hemolytic capacities). To clarify these differences, we analyzed membrane vesicle shedding, known to be a calcium-dependent process for toxin removal from eukaryotic cell membranes. Both pneumolysin and listeriolysin initiated vesicle shedding, which was completely blocked by the lack of extracellular calcium. Lack of calcium, however, elevated the toxin load per a cell only for pneumolysin and not for listeriolysin. This result indicates that vesicle shedding does not play a role in the membrane removal of listeriolysin and outlines a major difference between it and other members of the CDC group. Furthermore, it provides new tools for studying membrane vesicle shedding.
More evening preference is positively associated with systemic inflammation in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Nimitphong Hataikarn , Mahattanapreut Apichana , Chailurkit La-or , Saetung Sunee , Siwasaranond Nantaporn , Sumritsopak Rungtip , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Dugas Lara R. , Layden Brian T. , Reutrakul Sirimon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCurrently it is not known whether morningness-eveningness preference in non-night shift working population is associated with systemic inflammation. This study investigated the relationship between morningness-eveningness and systemic inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in 163 non-night shift working patients with abnormal glucose tolerance (86 type 2 diabetes and 77 prediabetes). Morningness-eveningness was assessed by Composite Scale of Morningness, and participants were screened for Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Sleep duration, efficiency, and variability were obtained using actigraphy, and depressive symptoms and dietary patterns were also captured. Participants’ mean age was 54.7 ± 10.4 years and median hs-CRP was 1.39 (interquartile range 0.82, 3.33) mg/L. More evening preference was significantly associated with higher natural log transformed (ln) hs-CRP (B = −0.051, p = 0.001). Diabetes status, glycemic control, OSA severity, sleep duration, caloric consumption and timing were not related to hs-CRP. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, depressive symptoms, sleep efficiency, sleep variability, percentage of daily caloric intake from protein, and statin use, more evening preference was independently associated with higher ln hs-CRP (B = −0.032, p = 0.014). In summary, in non-night shift working patients with abnormal glucose tolerance, more evening preference was independently associated with higher systemic inflammation. This finding underscore the importance of circadian regulation on cardiovascular health.
In Vivo Imaging Markers for Prediction of Radiotherapy Response in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: RESOLVE DWI versus DKI
Authors: Huang Wei-Yuan , Li Meng-Meng , Lin Shao-Min , Chen Feng , Yang Kai , Zhu Xiao-Lei , Wu Gang , Li Jian-Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this prospective study, we compared the performance of readout segmentation of long variable echo trains of diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE DWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for the prediction of radiotherapy response in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Forty-one patients with NPC were evaluated. All patients underwent conventional MRI, RESOLVE DWI and DKI, before and after radiotherapy. All patients underwent conventional MRI every 3 months until 1 year after radiotherapy. The patients were divided into response group (RG; 36/41 patients) and no-response group (NRG; 5/41 patients) based on follow-up results. DKI (the mean of kurtosis coefficient, Kmean and the mean of diffusion coefficient, Dmean) and RESOLVE DWI (the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient, ADCmin) parameters were calculated. Parameter values at the pre-treatment period, post-treatment period, and the percentage change between these 2 periods were obtained. All parameters differed between the RG and NRG groups except for the pretreatment Dmean and ADCmin. Kmean-post was considered as an independent predictor of local control, with 87.5% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity (optimal threshold = 0.30, AUC: 0.924; 95% CI, 0.83–1.00). Kmean-post values of DKI have the potential to be used as imaging biomarkers for the early evaluation of treatment effects of radiotherapy on NPC.
Protein-Engineered Large Area Adipose-derived Stem Cell Sheets for Wound Healing
Authors: Na Jongbeom , Song Seung Yong , Kim Jae Dong , Han Minsu , Heo June Seok , Yang Chae Eun , Kim Hyun Ok , Lew Dae Hyun , Kim Eunkyoung 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) formed robust cell sheets by engineering the cells with soluble cell adhesive molecules (CAMs), which enabled unique approaches to harvest large area hADSC sheets. As a soluble CAM, fibronectin (FN) (100 pg/ml) enhanced the cell proliferation rate and control both cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate interactions. Through this engineering of FN, a transferrable hADSC sheet was obtained as a free-stranding sheet (122.6 mm2) by a photothermal method. During the harvesting of hADSC sheets by the photothermal method, a collagen layer in-between cells and conductive polymer film (CP) was dissociated, to protect cells from direct exposure to a near infrared (NIR) source. The hADSC sheets were applied to chronic wound of genetically diabetic db/db mice in vivo, to accelerate 30% faster wound closure with a high closure effect (εwc) than that of control groups. These results indicated that the engineering of CAM and collagens allow hADSC sheet harvesting, which could be extended to engineer various stem cell sheets for efficient therapies.