bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Measurement by Air-Puff Tonometer and Goldmann Applanation Tonometer in Correlation to Corneal Pachymetry in Adolescence Age Group in Normal People
Authors: Abdellatif Mona Kamal , Maher Salib Roshdy Maged , Ahmed Doaa Ateya , Abdelhamid Ebeid Ahmed Abdelmonsef 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the most accurate and practical technique for intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in children and adolescents

Type of the Study
Cross-sectional observational

Methods
90 eyes of 45 patients were included in this study. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using specular microscopy. IOP was assessed by Goldman applanation tonometer (GAT), Non-contact tonometry (Air-puff), and Tono- Pen in both right and left eyes.

Results
The mean age of participants was 14.8 years. Mean CCT was 548.7 µm in the right eye and 549.2 µm in the left eye (P = 0.687). Mean IOP measured by GAT, Air-puff, and Tono-Pen was 11.7, 14.1, and 11.3 mmHg in the right eye, respectively, and 11.7, 14.2, and 11.5 mmHg in the left eye, respectively. Air-puff readings were significantly higher than GAT and Tono-Pen (P &gt; 0.0001) in both the right and the left eyes. On the other hand, Tono-Pen showed no statistically significant difference from GAT measurements either in the right (P = 0.447) or the left eye (P = 1). The highest correlation with GAT was seen with the Air-puff. CCT was positively correlated with all used devices.

Conclusion
Tono-Pen provides the most accurate alternative for GAT. Although Air-puff offers a more accessible option for IOP measurement in adolescents, attention should be taken as it gives significantly higher measurements.
Study of Retinal and Peripapillary Vascular Changes in Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemic Patients Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Salman Abdelrahman Gaber , Zaki Rania Gamal Eldin , Madkour Nesrin Saeed , Labib Mariam Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Leukemia is a neoplastic blood disorder characterized by an abnormal proliferation of leukocytes. Knowledge of ocular involvement in leukemia is important because the eye is the only site where the leukemic involvement of nerves and blood vessels can be directly observed, because the eye symptoms may be the initial mode of presentation of the systemic illness. Almost all ocular structures have been found to be involved in patients with various types of leukemia.

Objective
To detect retinal and peripapillary vascular changes in newly diagnosed acute leukemic patients prior to chemotherapy treatment using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Patients and Methods
This comparative cross sectional study was carried out on 52 eyes of 26 patients and 52 eyes of 26 healthy subjects. Optical coherence tomography angiography was performed for all subjects. Central macular thickness. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness, superficial and deep vessel density, foveal avascular zone area and radial peripapillary capillaries density were measured and analyzed.

Results
Significant decrease in the superficial capillary plexus and the radial peripapillary capillary density in the cases group. The FAZ area is larger in the cases group. The central macular thickness is lower in the cases group. But the RNFL thickness, and C/D parameters were higher in the case group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the GCC and the DCP density.

Conclusion
Acute leukemia causes decrease in superficial capillary plexus density and radial peripapillary capillaries density and decreased macular thickness with no affection in deep capillary vessel density.
An OCT Study of Lower Lacrimal Punctal Stenosis
Authors: Salaheldin Mayar Mohammad , Nada Ossama , Fawzy Elshinawy Reham , Elwan Sheriff 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the lower lacrimal measurements in stenosis versus non- stenosed punctiusing spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Patients and Methods
The study included 39 puncti of 21 healthy asymptomatic volunteers attending the general and oculoplastic outpatient clinics (Group I : Control group) and 30 puncti of 17 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of punctal stenosis defined as the punctal diameter less than 0.3 mm measured by slit-lamp biomicroscopy (Group II : Cases group). The punctal diameter was measured by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in all subjects. The external punctal diameter, the inner punctal diameter at 500 µm, the punctal depth and tear meniscus height were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Results
The internal punctal diameter at 500µ (74.92 µm ± 60.99 vs 24.07 µm ± 34.30) showed statistically significant lower measurements in the stenosis group compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were between the 2 groups otherwise: external punctal diameter (571.44 µm ± 148.78 vs 545.23 µm ± 201.72), punctal depth (824.49 µm ± 354.14 vs 707.63 µm ± 552.80),. (and tear meniscus height (356.19 µm ± 166.83 vs 403.57 µm ± 244.24 Conclusion : Anterior segment optical coherence tomography provides a superior ability to assess the patency of the proximal lacrimal drainage system over the regular routine slit lamp examination. This is probably useful in diagnosis of cases of epiphora with externally non-stenosed puncti and distally patent passages.
Value of Examination of the Central Ten Degrees of the Visual Field in Early Stages of Glaucoma
Authors: El-AzizEliewa Mona Mohamed Abd , Abdelshafik Mohamed Adel , Abdellatif Mona Kamal , Hussein Noha Mohsen Mahmoud 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To estimate the value of central 10 degrees field examination in glaucoma when 24 degrees shows normal central area.

Patients and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 65 patients divided into 3 groups: glaucoma suspect (17patients), early glaucoma (33 patients) and moderate glaucoma (15 patients). Visual Field (VF) and Optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed for all patients. VF was done using Humphrey visual field analyzer (SITA standard) using both 24-2 and10-2 programs. Macular ganglion cell complex thickness (GCC) and peri-papillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) were measured using RTVue-100 software (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA).

Results
Our study demonstrated that the 10-2 VF detected more defects that those detected in the central 10o of the 24-2 VF in all quadrants of the visual field in all our cases and the difference was statistically significant in the lower temporal (p = 0.006), in the lower nasal in the upper nasal and in the upper temporal quadrants (P &lt; 0.001). In the glaucoma suspect group 10-2 VF showed more defects than 24-2 VF which was statistically significant in the upper and lower nasal quadrants (p = 0.008). In the early glaucoma group, this difference was significant in the lower temporal (P = 0.007), the lower nasal(P &lt; 0.001)and the upper nasal (P = 0.0016) quadrants. Although there was no statistically significant in moderate glaucoma group. Both GCC and 10.2VF defects agree in outcome in 54% of cases. 10-2 VF looks to be superior to OCT macular ganglion cells and that difference was statistically significant only in the lower nasal quadrant of 10-2VF (p &gt; 0.001). In 49% of cases both GCC and the pRNFL were able to detect abnormalities in the superior hemisphere and 61% the inferior hemisphere. Defects were found in GCC only in 50% and 35% of cases in superior versus the inferior halves. This higher ability of the GCC over the pRNFL was found to be statistically significant (p = &gt;0001). There was a weak positive correlation (r = 0.042) between the superior half GCC versus the antilog of sensitivity of the corresponding inferior half of 10-2 VF. On the other hand, moderate positive correlation (r = 0.52) was found between the superior half GCC and the corresponding part of the pRNFL.

Conclusion
The present study showed higher ability of 10-2 VF in detecting changes in the central area than 24-2 VF particularly in glaucoma suspect and early glaucoma. Which agrees with GCC measurments
Effect of Active & Passive Smoking on Macula & Optic Nerve Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA)
Authors: Taha Nada Ahmad Mahmoud , Mohamed Thanaa Helmy , Zankalony Yasser Abdelmageuid El , Madkour Nesrin Said 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Smoking cause alterations in the retinal blood flow and damage of the blood retinal barrier, these retinal microvascular changes demonstrated by OCT-A may be an indicator of systemic microvascular changes.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of active and passive smoking on macula and optic nerve by measuring the macular thickness and microvasculature, GCC thickness, RNFL thickness and disc microvasculature using OCTA.

Methods
150 healthy participants of 76 males and 74 females, divided in to three equal groups active smoker, passive smoker and control group. Optical coherence tomography angiography scanning was performed for all subjects. All macular subfields thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, superficial and deep macular vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) density were measured and analyzed.

Results
Significant increase in the central macular thickness in the active and passive smoker, also there was significant decrease in the superior RNFL and deep parafoveal vessel density in the active and passive smoker, but no significant differences in GCC, FAZ, superficial capillary plexus(SCP) density, and radial peripapillary capillaries density between the three groups.

Conclusion
Active and passive smoking decrease deep parafoveal vessel density, superior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and increase central, inner and outer macular thickness in healthy middle age individuals.
Assessment of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Dry Eye Patients by OCT
Authors: Abdelmaged El-Znkalony Yasser , Khamis Nancy Ezz El-Regal , Abdlazem Rehab Mohamed Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film and accompanied by ocular symptoms. Tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities play important role in the etiology of dry eye.

Objective
To correlate the corneal epithelial thickness and grades of dryness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in dry eye patients versus normal eye patients.

Patients and Methods
A prospective case control study was conducted on patients of the outpatient clinic at Ophthalmology department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University. The study was conducted on patients in middle age group (from 20 to 50 years old of both sexes). The sample size was 30 dry eyes and 30 normal eyes.

Results
Regarding the AS/OCT-C 5 mm results among the studied patients, we found that Avg. of superior quadrants in Dry eyes group ranged from 47 to 59.6 with mean ± SD = 53.63 ± 3.7 while in Normal eyes group the Avg. of superior quadrants ranged from 49 to 56 with mean ± SD = 52.7 ± 1.93 with no statistical significant difference (p = 0.227) between the two groups. Avg. of inferior quadrants in Dry eyes group ranged from 49 to 65.6 with mean ± SD = 55.62 ± 4.35 while in Normal eyes group the Avg. of inferior quadrants ranged from 49 to 56 with mean ± SD = 52.7 ± 1.93 with statistical significant difference (p = 0.002) between the two groups. Regarding Comparison, there was a highly significant difference between the two studied groups (p = &lt;.001).

Conclusion
There was significant difference Fundus examination, AS/OCT-C 5 mm, highest thickness, AS/OCT-C 2mm and AS/OCT-P 9mm results between dry eye patients and normal subjects.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Repair vs. Menisectomy of Radial Meniscal Tears: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salama Ahmed Salama Shabaan , El latif Hussein Ali Ibrahim Abd , Haroun Yahia Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Radial tear is a vertical tear mostly occur in young individuals with traumatic incidence, which is perpendicular to the long axis of the meniscus and to the tibial plateau, sectioning the circumferential collagen fibers of the meniscus, affect the ability of the menisci to transmit the tibiofemoral load and the hoop stresses associated with weight-bearing.

Aim of the Work
A systematic review to compare clinical and MRI outcomes of arthroscopic repair and menisectomy for radial meniscal tears.

Patients and Methods
After conducting an initial search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the keywords: meniscus, meniscus tear, radial tear, menisectomy, and meniscus repair, we found a total of 1170 articles. However, after screening the full-text analysis against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 11 studies on radial meniscus tear were deemed suitable for inclusion criteria.

Results
Following an analysis of 11 studies that involved 235 patients with radial meniscal tears, it was discovered that 180 of them underwent arthroscopic repair, while 55 underwent menisectomy. Patient- reported outcomes for both procedures were promising, with improvement in activity (IKCD and Tegner) scores recorded during the final follow-up in comparison to pre-surgery scores. Imaging and second look arthroscopy showed that the majority of patients experienced complete or partial healing, with a low occurrence of failure. These results indicate that both arthroscopic repair and menisectomy can serve as effective treatments for radial meniscus tears.

Conclusion
It has been found through short- and long-term follow-up that sparing the meniscus, either through repair or partial menisectomy, has excellent outcomes for radial tears.
Extra-Articular Distal Femoral Fractures Retrograde Nailing Versus Locked Plating A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rady Amr Sameh , Farag Osama Elsayed , Kotb Ahmed Sayed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Extra-articular Distal femoral fractures remain a challenging matter due to the high energy trauma causing the injury and the association with soft tissue injury, vascular injury and physical disability. Different methods of fixation exist depending on a lot of factors; patient related factors, type of fractures, surgeon’s preferences.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the outcome & complications of retrograde intramedullary nailing versus locked plating in management of extra-articular distal femur fractures.

Patients and Methods
The standard method of management of extra-articular distal femur fractures including either internal fixation by intramedullary nailing (Antegrade or Retrograde) or distal femur locked plate (LP).

Results
Retrograde nailing shows superiority over the Antegrade nailing especially the very distal fractures and the associated intra-articular extension. However every methods comes with its own advantage and disadvantage. Retrograde nailing gaining its popularity due to minimal insertion point and maintaining the fracture hematoma. Distal femur locked plate witnessed a lot of development including; multidirectional locking mechanism which comes very handy especially with osteoporotic bone and intra-articular extension; also the development of minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis technique and system reducing time, blood loss and soft tissue dissection.

Conclusion
The present review shows lesser mean fracture union time and a lesser overall complication favoring the Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing (RIMN) over the Locked Plating (LP). We didn’t find a statistical significant difference between the two groups in non-union, delayed-union, mal-union, knee stiffness, knee pain, superficial/deep infection; implant related complication, re-operation rate and duration of surgery. But a less intra- operative blood loss and a better post-operative knee range of movement was seen in the LP group. Both the options of fixation appear to be feasible options, and specific indications should be considered for making the final choice.
Management of Giant Cell Tumor of Distal End Radius: Extended Curettage and Adjuvant Therapy vs Wide Resection and Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Masry Ayman Mohammad El , Mowafi Mohamed Ahmed El , Hassan Yousef Eldebies Hassan Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Managing giant cell tumors (GCTs) located in the distal radius poses a considerable challenge, and determining the best surgical approach remains a subject of ongoing discussion. The primary treatment methods involve surgical interventions, specifically extended curettage with adjuvant therapy and wide resection with reconstruction. The objective of this comprehensive systematic review and meta- analysis is to compare functional scores, recurrence risk, metastatic rates, and total complications through these two surgical procedures.

Methods
We performed a systematic search of the existing literature. Our search encompassed prominent databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane collaboration, ResearchGate, Scopus, and the New England Journal of Medicine. The primary focus of our inclusion criteria was on studies that offered a comparative evaluation between extended curettage, supplemented with adjuvants, and wide resection coupled with reconstruction in patients diagnosed with GCTs situated in the distal radius. We gathered data concerning the rates of recurrence, metastasis, overall complications, and functional outcomes.

Results
We included 17 retrospective studies (n = 527 patients). The average age of the participants was 33.49 years (SD ± 2.3), and the average follow-up period was 7.1 years (SD ± 3.7). Patients who underwent curettage were more likely to develop higher recurrence rate (OR = 3.48, 95% CI [2.02, 5.99], p &lt; 0.01) than those who underwent wide resection. Patients who underwent curettage showed a significant reduction in overall complications compared to wide resection complications rate in the curettage group (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.13, 0.38], p &lt; 0.01) and a greater improvement in Visual Analog Scale (MD= -1.43, 95% CI [−2.11, −0.74], p &lt; 0.01) and lower Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores (MD= -7.49, 95% CI [- 9.62, −5.36], p &lt; 0.01). No significant difference was found regarding metastasis (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [0.25, 5.61], p = 0.83). Patients who underwent curettage were more likely to develop higher recurrence rate (OR = 3.48, 95% CI [2.02, 5.99], p &lt; 0.01) than those who underwent wide resection.

Conclusions
Concerning the surgical strategy employed for GCTs located in the distal radius, it was observed that curettage, when complemented with adjuvants, exhibited a greater likelihood of recurrence when compared to the approach involving wide resection and subsequent reconstruction. However, it is worth noting that the curettage approach yielded significantly reduced rates of operative complications, lower pain scores, and superior functional outcomes as opposed to the resection method.
Ankle Fusion Using Retrograde Intramedullary Nail versus Ilizarov External Fixator in Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Galal Karim Nagy Ahmed , Mohamed Salah Abd El Gawad , Husseiny Karim Tarek El 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Charcot neuroarthropathy is a destructive, non-infective process affecting bones and joints that occurs in association with a peripheral neuropathy and it has many etiologies but diabetes is the first cause of charcot neuroarthropathy.

Aim of the Work
to compare between retrograde intramedullary nail and ilizarov external fixator in ankle fusion in charcot neuroarthropathy regarding union rate, amputation, hardware complications, infection, need for reoperation.

Materials and Methods
This is systematic review done in Ain Shams University in December 2022 and Criteria for considering studies for this review:

Results
Retrograde intramedullary nail and ilizarov external fixator both are effective methods for ankle fusion in charcot neuroarthopathy. According to this review the union rate, amputation, hardware complications did not differ significantly between retrograde intramedullary nail and ilizarov in ankle fusion in charcot neuroarthropathy but the reoperation rate is higher with retrograde intramedullary nail. Regarding the infection rate there is no significant difference between the ilizarov and intramedullary nail but when considering the pin tract infection in ilizarov, the infection rate will become higher in ilizarov compared to the retrograde intramedullary nail.

Conclusion
this review provides evidence that both retrograde intramedullary nail and ilizarov external fixator are safe, effective and has comparable efficacy in limb salvage when used in ankle reconstruction in patients with charcot neurparthropathy, under the conditions that the surgical techniques required have been mastered and the indications for surgery are observed.
Structural Bone Allograft versus Titanium Trabecular Augment in Management of Acetabular Defects Paporosky Type III in Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Bassiony Ayman Abdelaziz , Mansor Saleh Gameel , Abd Elrahman Ashoub Moustafa Mamdoh , Alsharkawy Mahmoud Lotfy Mostafa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Rraditionally, major acetabular defects have been reconstructed for primary and revision THA by impaction bone grafting (IBG) and a cemented socket.

Objective
To compare the result of structural bone allograft versus titanium trabecular augment in management of acetabular defects paporosky type III during hip arthroplasty.

Methodology
This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Maternity and Dar Elshefa Hospitals from February 2021 until February 2023.

Results
Our study reported that there were no differences between study groups as regard age, sex and associated medical disorders. As regard Harris hip score, our study reported that it was statistically significant higher among allograft group 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. On the other hand, no differences were noted between groups pre-operatively and 6 months postoperative. As regard operative data, our study reported no differences between study groups regarding operative time, blood loss, and postoperative complications as DVT, dislocation, heterophic ossification and superficial wound infection.

Conclusion
From our study we can conclude that structural bone allograft was associated with better postoperative outcomes compared with titanium trabecular augment in management of acetabular defects paporosky type III during hip arthroplasty. Harris hip score was statistically significant higher among allograft group 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. No differences between study groups were noted regarding operative time, blood loss, and postoperative complications as DVT, dislocation, heterophic ossification and superficial wound infection. Finally, no differences were reported between study groups regarding operative outcomes as bone ingrowth, restored high hip center and signs of loosening.