bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Improved Vibration Damping Performance of the Elasto-Plastic Damper on Vibration of Connected Cabinets Storing Electronics Subjected to Seismic Wave
Authors: Shintani Atsuhiko , Michishita Yasunari , Nakagawa Chihiro , Ito Tomohiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Vibration mitigation of adjacent cabinets storing electronics inside subjected to seismic waves is studied here. Cabinets are often seen in many plants, as power plants, chemical plants, and so on. In some cases, the cabinets often cannot be fixed to the floor or wall, and some of the cabinets are placed on the floors of the plant directly. The cabinets store the important electronic devices inside, which control the entire plant. Recently, large earthquakes have been occurring all over the world. When the plants are subjected to the earthquake, sliding or rocking motion of the cabinets occurs, and cabinets may be damaged or destroyed. In case of large acceleration amplitude, the cabinets may turn over, and the electronic device may be destroyed. Consequently, the whole plant may not work. Even if the cabinets do not turn over, the electronic device is subjected to a large earthquake, and the electronic device does not work well. Hence, it is very important to increase the safety of the cabinets and electronic devices simultaneously when subjected to the large earthquake. Even in such a case, the vibration of cabinets and electronics can be mitigated by connecting the adjacent cabinets with nonlinear dampers. In this study, vibration mitigation of the cabinets and electronic devices subjected to seismic waves is investigated. First, an analytical model of the connected cabinets storing electronic devices inside is derived. The cabinets are modeled by the rigid bodies rotating around their corners. The electronic devices are modeled by the mass moving parallel to the bottom of the cabinets. The cabinets are connected by elasto-plastic dampers, which have bilinear characteristics. The energy of the earthquake is absorbed by these dampers. Next, the responses of the cabinets and electronic devices are also investigated by numerical simulation. Since the structural responses depend on parameters of the mass ratio of cabinet and electronic device, the natural frequency of the electronics, support position of the elasto-plastic damper, input amplitude, input frequency, and so on, the effects of these parameters are investigated. Finally, the conditions to improve the damping performance of the cabinets and electronic devices are discussed.
Impact of Texture on Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel (SS316) Material Using a Polynomial Chaos-Based Surrogate Model With Crystal Plasticity Simulations
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Wilcox Paul , Knowles David , Mostafavi Mahmoud 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we propose a framework to study the impact of texture (preferred grain orientations such as Goss, Brass, Copper, Cube, etc.) on the mechanical properties of materials using machine learning and micro-mechanics models. For micro-mechanics of materials, crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) models are used. A polynomial chaos-based surrogate model is employed with an in-house crystal plasticity solver, BRISTOL. The framework is tested for the stainless steel SS316 material, where the CPFE modeling is used to correlate the micro-structure characteristics to macro-mechanical behavior. First, for the crystal plasticity simulations, a converged RVE (Representative Volume Element) is constructed using an open-source toolbox Dream3D. Further, texture uncertainties are propagated to the crystal plasticity model to quantify the impact of texture uncertainties. In this analysis, the uncertainty bounds for the textures are extracted from experimental data.
Applicability of ASME Code, Section XI to Fatigue Crack Growth Calculation of Flaws in Pipe-to-Elbow Welds
Authors: Hong Chan-Gi , Yoon Seok-Jun , Lee Gi-Bum , Huh Nam-Su , Shim Do Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler & Pressure Vessel (ASME B&PV) Code Section XI provides procedures for fatigue crack growth calculation which can be used for flaw evaluations. However, the solutions in ASME B&PV Code Section XI are for straight pipes, making it potentially unsuitable for evaluating flaws at pipe-to-elbow welds. To address this limitation, the stress field at the pipe-to-elbow weld cross-section is used in the straight pipe solution to calculate the stress intensity factor for crack growth calculations. This feasibility study aims to verify the accuracy of ASME B&PV Code Section XI procedure in predicting circumferential fatigue crack growth in actual pipe-to-elbow configurations. For this purpose, a natural crack growth simulation program based on finite element analysis using adaptive meshing was used to perform the verification. The reliability of the program was first established by comparing its stress intensity factor calculations with those obtained from ASME B&PV Code Section XI procedure for various flaw geometries in straight pipes. Subsequently, natural fatigue crack growth calculations were performed for circumferential flaws in pipe-to-elbow configurations. These results were compared against ASME B&PV Code Section XI results using the pipe-to-elbow interface stress fields. Comparisons were made for various pipe-to-elbow configurations, loading, and two different initial crack sizes.
Numerical Study of the Pressure-Displacement Synchronization on Fluidelastic Instability
Authors: Farani Sani Hossein , Hassan Marwan , Moran Joaquin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a Fluidelastic instability (FEI) model in tube array subjected to two-phase flow. The model utilizes the flow cell concept of the Hassan and Weaver fluidelastic model. The methodology involves discretizing the channel two-phase flow into a set of multiple layers, each characterized by distinct void fractions following flow regime dependent probability distribution functions. Layer-specific thickness variations are incorporated to reflect the diverse void fraction profiles. The proposed model aims to address the complexities of fluidelastic instability in the presence of two-phase flows. The proposed model was utilized to simulate a parallel triangle array for various void fractions. The predicted stability threshold for a range of void fractions was compared with the available data in the literature for water-air flow. The model shows great potential to simulate the response of tube arrays due to two-phase flow excitation.
A Study on the Degradation of Pre-Applied Threadlockers Under Extended Exposure to Severe Hygro-Thermal Conditions
Authors: Fini Stefano , Croccolo Dario , de Agostinis Massimiliano , Mele Mattia , Olmi Giorgio , Scapecchi Chiara , Tariq Muhammad Hassaan Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pre-applied threadlockers are characterized by several favorable features in terms of handling of the fastener and simplification of the assembly process. Very often, fasteners with pre-applied adhesive undergo storage and shipping in harsh environmental conditions: these may encompass both exposure to elevated temperatures and to high levels of ambient humidity. Previous studies by the authors highlighted how the performance of the adhesive, both in terms of tribological response and of breakaway torque may be impaired, when specific exposure conditions apply. This study aims at better understanding the phenomenon of hygro-thermal degradation of the adhesive, more specifically, when longer exposure periods take place. The study is based on two sets of identical specimens (zinc coated steel screws): one set has been exposed to hygro-thermal degradation for 1 month at T = 90°C and rh = 95% and the other set has been kept at RT and rh = 50%. The screws have then been tightened (underhead and thread c.o.f. values have been recorded on a sample for each population), then cured and finally released. All measurements have been performed by means of a tightening test bench that allows sampling the separate frictional contributions at the underhead and at the thread. The outcomes of the study reveal a different behaviour of the two populations, which is in line with the literature.
A Methodology for Using Mechanical Compression Joint Fittings on ASME Section III Small Bore Pipework
Authors: Wilson James , Greenwood Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mechanical compression joint fittings (MCJF) are supported for use by ASME Section III for small bore pressure-retaining nuclear pipework applications. These joints can be quickly disassembled and re-assembled a number of times, providing easy access for maintenance or inspection benefit. MCJFs can also be more easily assembled within tight space constraints and do not require the expensive and more onerous quality assurance practices associated with welds. They may also be used to facilitate modular build in order to reduce build costs and timescales. One limitation with MCJFs is that it is difficult to demonstrate the same high reliability obtained with the equivalent welded joint and they are perceived to be more susceptible to assembly variation, crevice corrosion and shock.
ASME Section III limits the use of compression fittings to 25mm nominal bore for Class 1 and 50mm nominal bore for Class 2 and Class 3. The rationale relates to the capacity of typical leak protection systems of large-scale plants to mitigate in the unlikely event of a full-bore failure of a compression fitting. However, for a small-scale plant, where the leak protection system, although adequate, may be more limited, more onus is placed on demonstrating the high reliability of compression fittings. These concerns are equally applicable to low-redundancy or high-consequence joint locations on any plant.
This paper presents a methodology for justifying replacement of welded joints with MCJFs for nuclear plant applications, with particular relevance to small scale plants that may have relatively limited leak protection systems. The paper includes a review of requirements for Quality Assurance (QA) practices, a comprehensive testing programme and operational experience to substantiate against reliability, quality and failure criteria.
Evaluation of the Simplified Assessment Peak Equivalent Stress Design Limit Probability of Failure
Authors: Walker Adam P. , Mack Andrea L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section III Division 5 Subsection HH Subpart A (HHA) outlines requirements and qualification methods for graphite core components in high temperature reactor environments. One such structural qualification method is the Simplified Assessment outlined in HHA-3220, which represents a comparison of service level specific equivalent stresses to allowable stress values derived from target probability of failures (POFs). The target POF is based on the structural reliability class (SRC) for the components and service condition of interest, and is used to establish design limits for combined membrane and peak equivalent stresses. Combined membrane stress limits are derived from two parameter Weibull distribution fits of the graphite grade specific tensile strength data and the target POF. The combined membrane stress limits are then scaled based on the ratio of flexural strength to tensile strength (referred hereinafter as Rtf) to establish the corresponding peak equivalent stress limits. It is desired that the target POF is at least maintained for both combined membrane and peak equivalent design limits, especially with the use of Rtf. The assessment presented herein examines tensile and flexural data for medium and fine grade graphites relative to the calculated combined membrane and peak equivalent stress limits per HHA-3220 and illustrates the simplified assessment method results in anticipated, or at least conservative, peak equivalent design stress limits.
Study of High Temperature Strain Gages As They Apply to Asset Life Management Programs
Authors: Subramanian Kannan , Crompton Andy , Horvath Roland 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Life cycle management of coke drums often relies on empirical data from operational experience and strain gage measurements to inform predictive models. Many data-driven models treat these measurements as absolute values, often without validating analytically predicted errors or accounting for test and measurement inaccuracies even with temperature compensations.
In this study, three commercially available resistive temperature-compensated strain gages are investigated using static axial strains and furnace testing up to 450°C (with different temperature transients), benchmarked against a load cell. Initially, the focus was on assessing the overall accuracy of these gages for their intended applications. However, test results reported in this study indicate that the temperature compensation can adversely affect strain readings, resulting in errors exceeding 50%.
This investigation expanded to scrutinize the accuracy of temperature compensation in the gages, explore correction techniques involving apparent strain functions, and examine gage factors — factors that influence the readings used as benchmarks for prediction models.
This paper presents the findings of our testing, which underscore concerns employing resistive gages in predictive analytics, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of these factors in model validation and fatigue life estimation.
Duplex Stainless Steel Bolts for Flange Application
Authors: Panchal Anilkumar , Naqvi Kazim , Daru Kuntak , Gala Punita 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For heat exchangers made of duplex stainless steel, the bolts exposed to the process fluid need to be made of an equal or higher corrosion resistant material compared to duplex stainless steel. There is no ASME specification for duplex bolts in the ASME Section II-D, Table 3. However, there is rod specification SA-479 from duplex stainless steel UNS S32205 and accordingly allowable stresses are listed in Table 1A. The authors came across a heat exchanger wherein SA-479-S32205 was specified as the girth flange bolting as well as nozzle bolting. Heat exchanger girth flanges were designed using commercial computer program. The design considered SA-479-S32205 as the girth flange bolting without recognizing that SA-479-S32205 is a rod specification and therefore is not acceptable for it to be used as flange bolting under the ASME Code.
Heat exchanger was constructed according to ASME Section VIII, Division 1 and was shipped to user’s site. The owner’s engineer noticed that the SA-479-S32205 is not listed in Table 3 of ASME Section II, Part D and hence it cannot be used as the girth flange bolting specification. It was decided to replace the bolts with a proper ASME bolt material which satisfied allowable stresses in Table 3 of ASME Section II-D. Since the heat exchanger was under sour service it was also necessary that the bolting met hardness requirements of NACE MR0103 [6]. Due to higher allowable stresses of SA-479-S32205 incorrectly used per Table 1A for the flange design, the engineers had limited options to choose appropriate replacement corrosion resistant bolting specification which also equaled or surpassed the original allowable stress value used in design for the flange design to not fail.
This paper discusses the events which occurred and how the duplex stainless steel bolts were replaced with appropriate bolts ensuring compliance to ASME Section VIII, Division 1, and NACE MR 0103 requirements.
Fitness-for-Service of In-Service Thermowells via Experimental Damping Tests
Authors: Bifano Michael F. P. , Calko Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Increasing demands on energy infrastructure push throughput of our existing Oil & Gas, PetroChemical, and Midstream facilities. Thermowells (TWs) are used to measure the process temperatures in the pipe flow. These cylindrical protrusions into the flow are designed to ASME PTC 19.3 to prevent vortex shedding-induced vibration fatigue due to lock-in at the TW mechanical natural frequency. When throughput increases, an existing TW may no longer meet the ASME design. In such cases, engineers must decide whether to quantify the risk of leaving the TW in-service using advanced analysis methods or replace it.
A case study is presented on a Fitness-for-Service (FFS) assessment of TWs left in-service following a change to operating conditions subjecting the TWs to inline resonance. The outcome of the FFS depends on the assumed damping factor which can be accurately determined by experimental testing of identical TWs. This paper presents experimentally tested damping factors of 13 TWs having 8 have unique geometries. The TWs were installed in a test apparatus closely simulating the as-installed in-service condition. The results are presented based on the geometry of the TWs, the assembled bolt torque, and with and without the sensing elements. Surprisingly, the presence of a sensing element is the most critical variable governing damping.
Experimental damping testing for use in FFS assessments is not a common industry practice. However, the technology presented and fatigue design requirements used herein are based on sound engineering practices and principles. This work offers insight into how the risks of operation of these TWs can be best managed until more permanent replacements can be made to align with the ASME PTC 19.3 updated requirements for inline resonance.
The results of this study highlight the feasibility of performing damping tests to verify the FFS of in-service TWs that may not comply with PTC 19.3 requirements due to changes in operating conditions that were not accounted for in the original design. Additionally, a modified damping factor is provided for FFS assessments on in-service TWs when the sensing element is left inserted in the bore of the well.
This work benefits the industrial use of TWs since shutting down a plant/unit/or facility is not typically economical just because a TW is identified as not complying with its original design conditions.
Peel Strength of Multilayer Polymer-Based Pipes
Authors: Dua Mahima , Hammami Ahmed , Mertiny Pierre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Multilayer polymer composite piping typically comprises a primarily load-bearing structural layer and one or two inner and outer protective layers. The latter aims to protect the structural layer from damage caused during installation and operation. Multilayer pipes are an attractive alternative to conventional single-layer composite piping and are sought for elevated temperatures and pressure operation for oil and gas transportation. Concerns associated with multilayer pipes are fluid permeation, lack of barrier performance, and inadequate adhesion between layers. Rapid gas decompression (RGD) testing replicates the rapid decrease in pressure that may occur in operation. It helps identify defects in the pipe design, materials, and/or fabrication, leading to layer separation and even pipe collapse. However, RGD testing is expensive, requires complex equipment, and may pose safety risks. Therefore, an alternative safe, expedient, and cost-effective procedure is sought. In response to this need, peel testing is investigated according to the DIN 53357 standard, also known as German wheel peel testing. A peel test apparatus has been adapted based on the DIN 53357 standard in the present work. Results from testing five-layer polymer-based pipes are reported in the present study. Baseline tests were performed at room temperature at a 10 mm/minute peel rate on a 10 mm wide and 2.5 mm thick peel strip. The influence of peel rate, peel strip width and thickness, and temperatures were investigated in this work. This contribution concludes with a discussion about the effects of these parameters and the suitability of peel testing for multilayer pipes.
Low-Computational-Cost Online Acceleration Compensation Method for High-Frequency Vibration and Experimental Verification on a 6-Degree-of-Freedom Shaking Table
Authors: Hosoda Ryo , Tagawa Yasutaka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Vibration experiments using shaking tables have been conducted to evaluate the seismic resistance of buildings and ground. Acceleration amplitude is an important parameter in vibration experiments and must be controlled accurately. Target value compensation and model-based control based on the input/output characteristics obtained from preliminary excitation experiments are generally performed. However, preliminary excitation experiments cannot be performed to observe irreversible responses, such as damage to the specimen due to excitation. Therefore, a control method that does not require trial excitation or that can obtain control parameters during excitation is required. This study poposed a method for measuring the amplitude of each wave in excitation targeting a sine wave and correcting the input online based on the measured amplitude. In the proposed method, the shaking table is a discrete-time plant with one input and one output, with the command displacement amplitude of one sine wave as the input and the measured acceleration amplitude as the output. This method was tested on an actual Stewart platform-type hydraulic shaking table. Compensation calculations were performed for each wave rather than for each calculation cycle of the controller, so the amount of calculation was less than that of methods that implement continuous time-domain controllers. Moreover, it can be implemented using inexpensive calculation equipment. The experiment started with no model, and the correction calculation converged in approximately two waves in the frequency band from 1 to 10 Hz. It was possible to excite with an acceleration amplitude control error of less than 0.3% in single-axis excitation and around 8% in three-axis excitation.
Defect Stability Evaluation in a Nozzle Through the Gfr Criterion Under Thermal Loading
Authors: Hamouche Walid , Marques Vieira Edith , Albrecht David , Chapuliot Stéphane , Ancelet Olivier , Marie Stéphane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Gfr criterion is a global approach devoted to ductile crack growth assessments. This paper presents an industrial numerical application of the Gfr criterion for the ductile tearing crack growth prediction of a circular crack in the beak of a stainless-steel 45° inclined nozzle under both thermal and mechanical loading.
In the first part of the paper, the background of the Gfr criterion devoted to mechanical loading, its extension to through-the-thickness thermal loading and more generally secondary loading, and the protocol to apply it are presented.
After, we detail the application and the abilities of the Gfr criterion to estimate the crack growth in case of complex thermal mechanical loading conditions.
Fluid Characteristics and Droplet Evaporation Simulation Of T-Junction Pipe With Fouling Layers
Authors: Guan Chenfeng , Yan Sunting , Tang Ping , Chen Yonggui , Cheng Mao , Tao Yangji , Cheng Yanbin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recently, a cracking failure with significant fouling layers occured at a T-junction pipe with superheated and saturated vapor inlets which motivated a flow analysis in the T-junction pipe considering various existing fouling laysers.
Analysis indicated that some of the water vapor in cold syngas exists as liquid droplets at the operating temperature and pressure. During the coal-to-gas process, liquid water dissolves and transports solid substances. The mixture is then heated and evaporated after being combined with hot syngas, causing the solid particles to accumulate downstream of the T-junction pipe.
The evaporation of droplets after mixing hot and cold syngas is numerically simulated. Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is used to simulate mass transfer processes and evaporation. The causes of scale formation are analyzed in conjunction with the products of scale formation.
The second goal of this study is to investigate the flow characteristics and the process of fouling removal in T-junction pipes. Fouling dynamics modeling is utilized to examine the impact of the sizes and positions of fouling layers on shear stress through numerical simulation.