bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diskriminacijos dėl amžiaus raiška Lietuvos darbo rinkoje
Authors: Brazienė Rūta , Mikutavičienė Inga 
Published: November 2024

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama vyresnio amžiaus asmenų diskriminacijos raiška Lietuvos darbo rinkoje. Aptariami diskriminacijos dėl amžiaus teoriniai aspektai, vyresnio amžiaus asmenų užimtumas kaip socialinės politikos problema ir pristatomi 2014 m. Lietuvoje atlikto diskriminacijos dėl amžiaus darbo rinkoje sociologinio tyrimo rezultatai. Mokslinės literatūros ir kiekybinio tyrimo duomenų analizės pagrindu galime teigti, kad vyresnio amžiaus asmenys dėl jų amžiaus, lyties, įsitikinimų ir kt. darbe susiduria su įvairaus pobūdžio diskriminacijos apraiškomis. Atliktas tyrimas atskleidė, kad diskriminacija darbinėje aplinkoje išauga su respondentų amžiumi, t. y. vyresnėse grupėse diskriminacijos raiška intensyviausia. 40–50 m. amžiaus grupėje patiriama diskriminacija darbe yra žemesnė nei imties vidurkis. Su amžiumi susijusi diskriminacija išryškėja 56–60 m. amžiaus grupėje, o labiausiai reiškiasi tarp vyresnių nei 60 metų asmenų.
Perancangan Mesin Perajang Bawang dengan Model Pemotongan Horisontal Puli Engkol
Authors: Riswan Eko Wahyu Susanto  , Hiding Cahyono  , Ahmad Dzulfikri Halimi  , Aditya Sandy Pratama  , Moch. Fiky Frediansyah  
Published: November 2024

Community Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in advancing the Indonesian economy. One of them is MSME UD. NATURAL FOOD which operates in the field of processing various types of onions. After observations, there are deficiencies in the onion chopping machines currently in use which cannot produce premium grade processed onions. The solution to this problem is to create a Transmission Design and Premium Horizontal Shallot Chopper Blade with an Output Capacity of 15 Kg Per Hour. It is hoped that this tool can help produce quality fried shallots. The method used in design is a design method that begins with observation and literature study, then continues with the planning stage including (planning the transmission system and chopper system). The results obtained in designing this machine show the size of the machine with dimensions of 70 cm wide, 145 cm long, 89 cm high, using 3 mm thick angle iron as part of the frame. And the results of the calculation of the load on the hopper is 231.4 N, the load on the transmission is 138.84 N, the load on the electric motor is 112.14 N. The heaviest load on the frame is on the hooper, amounting to 231.4 N. From the results of the data above it will then be Loading simulations were carried out, the results obtained were stress analysis (yield strength) of 25,000N, maximum displacement analysis on the frame of 5.287mm, and factor of safety analysis on the frame of 5.5. 4 then the frame is declared safe . And it has been designed and made safe to use, because no damage occurs to the frame when the machine is operated. Based on the design results of the transmission and premium horizontal premium onion chopper blade with an output capacity of 15 kg per hour, the engine torque (T) is 545,04 Nm. The engine power requirement is 1,566 kW. The pulley ratio on the machine is (1:10). Pulley diameter 3.8. The shaft diameter is 19 mm and the resulting chopping capacity is 17,4 m^2/hour.
Le travail collectif des enseignants pour l’évaluation des apprentissages comme norme professionnelle ? Une revue de la littérature pour interroger cette tendance émergente
Authors: Ochelen Jean-Pascal , Yerly Gonzague , Mottier Lopez Lucie 
Published: November 2024

L’article présente une rapid review de la littérature anglophone et francophone sur le travail collectif des enseignants pour l’évaluation des apprentissages. Ce genre de travail collectif tend à devenir une norme dans les systèmes éducatifs, soulevant des enjeux majeurs dans le champ de l’évaluation en éducation. La littérature compte déjà des synthèses et des recherches empiriques qui traitent de la collaboration des enseignants de manière générale, mais aucune ne traite spécifiquement des pratiques évaluatives collectives. Cette recherche documentaire dans la littérature conduit à la sélection de 30 articles, aux niveaux primaire et secondaire. L’analyse de ces articles permet 1) d’identifier les dynamiques mises en place dans les établissements et 2) d’observer les conséquences pour tous les acteurs de l’école. Les résultats permettent de discuter de certaines tensions liées à cette tendance, au point de vue des politiques de pilotage mais également sur le plan des pratiques évaluatives individuelles et collectives.
Entre jeux de pouvoir et intérêts : retour à la raison d’être de l’évaluation
Authors: Marchand Marie-Pier , Hurteau Marthe 
Published: November 2024

La crédibilité accordée aux résultats d’une évaluation par les parties prenantes demeure une préoccupation importante chez les personnes évaluatrices. Comment les parties prenantes, porteuses d’intérêts, perçoivent-elles la démarche évaluative et les résultats qu’elle génère comme crédibles ? L’article présente les résultats d’une recherche ayant permis de documenter la perspective des parties prenantes à cet égard. Discutés sous l’angle comparatif avec la perspective de la personne évaluatrice, les résultats indiquent que les discours convergent sur plusieurs plans, mais qu’une divergence potentielle peut être observée quant aux finalités poursuivies dans le cadre de l’évaluation. Les constats mettent en relief plusieurs questionnements réflexifs quant aux implications de cette divergence pour la pratique de l’évaluation, lesquels mènent à conclure avec une piste de solution innovante exigeant un certain repositionnement dans la façon d’approcher une évaluation et dans les relations avec les parties prenantes.
Public diplomacy and soft power: building a positive image of the state
Authors: Matosian Agapi Elmarovna 
Published: November 2024

In modern international politics, not only the image of political figures is becoming increasingly important, but also the perception of nation states in the international arena. The emergence and active participation of new actors in world politics has increased the role of soft power as an impact strategy for governments that seek to strengthen their positions. This article examines the role of soft power and public diplomacy in shaping or creating a country's image. Using cultural elements and public diplomacy, States set themselves the goal of creating an attractive image in the minds of the population of another State. Effective initiatives in the field of public diplomacy not only strengthen the country's soft power and influence, but also contribute to building strong relations and strengthening interstate cooperation. Structural and functional, discourse analysis, institutional, and systemic approaches were used to study soft power and public diplomacy. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization and comparison of approaches to defining the concept of soft power and public diplomacy, as well as the components and forms of implementation of soft power by foreign researchers. Special attention is also paid to cultural peculiarities and the unique perception of the image of states. The author came to the following conclusions: soft power is an alternative to military and economic force. Successful implementation of soft power contributes to the formation of a positive image, which in the long term seems to be more effective and sustainable than traditional methods of influence. Soft power and public diplomacy are becoming not only tools for creating a country's image, but also an important part of its foreign policy, contributing to even greater support from the international community to strengthen its position on the world stage.
Addressing Young Girls in STEM: Building Inclusion through Dialogicity. The Case of GoldieBlox
Authors: Nocella Jessica Jane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract The number of women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) is still limited compared to men, and one of the reasons for this is the lack of women’s sense of inclusion and belonging within engineering contexts. It has been argued that such a sense of inclusion and belonging might be developed by exposing girls to STEM with specific activities, games, and toys from a young age. This case study explores how the US toy manufacturer GoldieBlox Inc. addresses and includes young children, specifically girls, in the promotion of their products. GoldieBlox is a company that specifically targets girls to encourage their interest in STEM subjects, namely science, technology, and mathematics. Through a close reading and a qualitative analysis of the company’s webpages, this paper explores the links between consumerism, gender, belonging, and promotional language. Under the linguistic lens of dialogicity, I analyse how girls are addressed and included in STEM through the promotion of specific products.
Exploring the interplay between body mass index and passive muscle properties in relation to grip strength and jump performance in female university students
Authors: Pérez Miguel Ángel , Urrejola-Contreras Gabriela , Alvarez Brian , Steilen Camila , Latorre Antonieta , Torres-Banduc Maximiliano A. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Women typically have a higher body fat content than men. Fat accumulation is associated with muscle weakness and alterations in mechanical properties. This study aims to determine the relationship between BMI and weight status with the mechanical properties of muscle and tendon. It was hypothesized that the stiffness and tone of the forearm muscle and Achilles tendon would be correlated with weight status and BMI.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 136 female university students. Grip strength was assessed using a dynamometer, body composition was analyzed through bioimpedance, and countermovement jump performance was evaluated with a force platform. Stiffness and tone were measured using the MyotonPro device. ANOVA was used to compare grip strength and countermovement jump performance according to body composition. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine bivariate associations.

Results
Relative grip strength decreased with an increase in fat content, while forearm muscle stiffness and tone decreased with rising weight status and BMI. Stiffness of the Achilles tendon increased with an increase in fat content and showed a significant positive correlation with BMI. Multiple regression analysis revealed a weak correlation between BMI, body composition, and stiffness of the forearm muscles.

Conclusion
The results of this study support the notion that the stiffness of the forearm muscles and Achilles tendon is correlated with BMI in young adult women. Furthermore, an increase in body fat percentage is linked to a decrease in mechanical properties and poorer muscle function.
Assessment of patient knowledge and perceptions towards orthodontic treatment in the Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alqahtani Ayidh Muflih , Thirunavukkarasu Ashokkumar 
Published: November 2024

Background
In orthodontic treatment, it is most important to assess the patient’s perspective of malocclusion because these perceptions are fundamental to determining the patient’s demands and level of treatment satisfaction. This study was done to assess the knowledge and perception of residents of the Aljouf Region of Saudi Arabia seeking orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, we determined the factors associated with the patients’ knowledge and perception of orthodontic treatment.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire among patients seeking orthodontic treatment who were registered at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Sakaka, and primary health centers. We identified the associated factors using binomial logistic regression analysis. Finally, we applied Spearman’s correlation test to identify the correlation between knowledge and perception.

Results
A total of 282 individuals participated in the current study, of which 53.3% were female and 46.1% were male. About one-third (36.9%) of patients had a low level of knowledge, 35.5% had a medium level of knowledge, and 27.7% had a high level of knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment. A total of 20.6% had low perceptions, 42.9% had medium perceptions, and 36.5% had high perceptions of orthodontic care. A significant correlation was found between age and gender, knowledge (p = 0.001), and perception (p = 0.040). Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between knowledge and perception (Spearman’s rho = 0.297, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
People in Aljouf have poor knowledge and medium perception regarding orthodontic treatment. We recommend that the concerned authorities make a health educational plan for the patients seeking orthodontic treatment.
Pertubations of Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metal in the Soil of Coastal Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: E. D. Udo, , E. D. Anwana, , F. O. Ogbemudia, 
Published: November 2024

This study aimed at assessing the concentrations and perturbations of the physicochemical properties and heavy metals in the soil of the coastal regions of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Sampling was carried out across three mangrove locations (Iko Town, Okoroutip and Uta Ewa) in Eastern Obolo, Ibeno and Ikot Abasi Local Government Areas respectively. Four vegetation plots were randomly selected, and within each plot, three belt transects were established. Physicochemical properties [Sand, Clay, Silt, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen, sulphate and chlorine content] and heavy metals (Arsenic, Silver, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Titanium, Vanadium and Zinc) were analyzed using standardized methods. Results from this study revealed considerable variations in the physicochemical properties of soil in the study area. The aforementioned heavy metals were present in both wet and dry seasons in considerable concentrations in the soil samples within the study areas. However, were within and below WHO limits. The variations in the physicochemical properties and the presence of these heavy metals in the samples are indicative of an impacted environment unsuitable for the growth and survival of the endemic flora and fauna species of this unique ecosystem. In view of the current knowledge of the role of mangrove ecosystems in blue-economy of the nation and mitigation of ongoing climate change, we advocate a tripartite alliance between the government, multinational companies operating within the area and the various impacted communities that leads to a concerted efforts of constant monitoring and remediation in the reduction of current and future pollutant levels.
Cystic Duct Variations in Adult Population; A Magnetic Resonance Based Cholangiopancreaticography at a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital
Authors: Haroon Quratulain , Shamim Bushra , Ajmal Rizwan , Irfan Nadia , Nasir Sadaf 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To demonstrate the imaging and anatomical features of cystic duct variants on Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography and document prevalence in urban population.
Study Design: Retrospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi, from January 2021 to December 2022.
Methodology: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) was performed in a total of 152 cases for various indications for example cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, biliary tracr obstruction, acute cholecystitis,chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic divisum, A phased array body coil and departmental protocols were used for the examinations, which produced heavily T2 weighted sequences including FRFSE (fast recovery fast spin echo) coronal oblique 3D images. Through multiplanar reconstruction, reformatting and maximum intensity projections were done for acquired images to optimize ductal visualization. PACS (picture archiving and communication system) was used for the evaluation of MRCP images. The ductal course, length, and insertion of the cystic duct were recorded. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS. Chi-Square test was applied considering p-value ≤0.05 as significant.
Results: The mean age was 34.49±7.78 years. For the insertion of the cystic on bile duct, Right Lateral Insertion was 70.4%, Spiral Course with Medial Insertion was 3.3%, Low lateral insertion was 6.6%, Low Medial insertion was 5.3%, High Insertion was 3.3%, Anterior Insertion was 1.3%, Posterior Insertion was 7.9%. For the course and length or cystic duct, parallel Course was 7.2%, Short length of cystic duct was 17.1%. In others variants, Cystic duct joining right hepatic duct was 0.7%, and no Right Posterior sectorial hepatic duct draining into cystic duct was observed. On the other hand, there is no significant difference between age or sex and a specific anatomical variation in the cystic duct, p > 0.05.
Conclusion: Among the existing anatomical variants in the cystic duct in this adult population, where the lateral insertion is the most common form, up to 70% of the cases, it should not be overlooked that approximately one of every five patients may have a short cyst which can predispose to bile duct injury at the time of a cholecystectomy if adequate care is not taken.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Project-Based Seamless Learning Model on Concept Understanding
Authors: Vicy  , Mustaji  , Mariono Andi , Arianto Fajar 
Published: November 2024

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of project-based seamless learning model on concept understanding.
Study Design: The research method used quantitative experimental design.
Methodology: The research method used quasi experiment with research design nonequivalent pretest posttest group design, where there is an experimental group and a control group, the experimental group is given treatment and there is no treatment on the control group. The research subjects were 160 people, 80 people in the experimental group and 80 people in the control group. Data collection using tests conducted pretest and posttest. Data analysis used normality test, homogeneity test and independent sample t test.
Results: The results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that there is an effective project-based seamless learning model on concept understanding. Based on the results of hypothesis testing on the posttest, the value on the posttest of the experimental group and the control group obtained a significance value of 0.002 <0.050. And also the difference in the average posttest score of the experimental group is 84.06, greater than the lower control group of 80.56. This proves that there are differences caused by the application of the learning model in the two groups. The experimental group used a project-based seamless learning model while the control group used a conventional model.
Conclusion: there is the effectiveness of project-based seamless learning model on concept understanding. The hope is that the project-based seamless learning model can be applied at various levels of educational institutions or in various subject matters so that the quality of learning will be even better and continue to improve rapidly.
Application and Fundamentals of Liquid–Liquid Extraction Processes: Purification of Biologicals, Botanicals, and Strategic Metals
Authors: Schmidt Axel , Strube Jochen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLiquid–liquid extraction, sometimes also called solvent extraction, is an important separation technology for a variety of applications in the chemical process industry, including the petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical, and metal industries.In this article, the basics of liquid–liquid extraction are discussed, including phase formation and equilibrium representation. Apparatus characteristics and advice on suitable solvent selection are given. Finally, examples of applications from the fields of biotechnology, phytoprocesses, and hydrometallurgy are presented and current and future developments and trends are discussed.
Supported Lipid Bilayers on Fluorescent Nanodiamonds: A Structurally Defined and Versatile Coating for Bioapplications
Authors: Vavra Jan , Rehor Ivan , Rendler Torsten , Jani Mona , Bednar Jan , Baksh Michael M. , Zappe Andrea , Wrachtrup Joerg , Cigler Petr 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFluorescent nanodiamonds with nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers respond to local changes in electric and magnetic fields. These responses can be read optically as changes in fluorescence. NV centers do not suffer from photoblinking or photobleaching, making nanodiamonds a viable platform for long‐term imaging of processes inside living cells. However, for any bioapplication, the surface of these particles must be modified to prevent aggregation and nonspecific protein adsorption and to effectively transduce the changes in local environment to NV center. Modular biomimetic interface has been developed on nanodiamonds with remarkable sensitivity for relaxometric readout that takes advantage of self‐assembled phospholipid bilayers supported by the nanoparticle surface. This rapid and robust approach provides synthetic pathway to tunable composition, demonstrated by tuning surface charge and content of spin labels on nanodiamond. The supported phospholipid bilayer interface increases the detection sensitivity about one‐order‐of‐magnitude. Also, a theoretical model of the system is provided, which shows excellent agreement with experimental results. Merging biocompatibility, modularity, and outstanding spin sensitivity in one nanomaterial provides a foundation for development of multifunctional nanoparticles suitable for highly sensitive monitoring of local magnetic field fluctuations and paramagnetic species under physiological conditions.
Restickable Oxide Neuromorphic Transistors with Spike‐Timing‐Dependent Plasticity and Pavlovian Associative Learning Activities
Authors: Yu Fei , Zhu Li Qiang , Xiao Hui , Gao Wan Tian , Guo Yan Bo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn neural system, both spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) and conditioned reflex are vital synaptic learning mechanisms to regulate advanced neural activities, being associated with temporally coupled stimuli. Thus, realization of STDP and conditioned reflex on a single solid‐state device may open up new opportunities for neuromorphic engineering. Here, restickable chitosan‐gated oxide neuromorphic transistors are fabricated on polyimide tape. Based on protonic electrochemical doping/de‐doping processes at indium‐tin‐oxide/chitosan interfaces, four types of STDP learning rules are successfully demonstrated, including Hebbian STDP, anti‐Hebbian STDP, symmetrical STDP, and visual STDP. Trained with Hebbian STDP, Pavlovian associative learning and extinction behaviors are demonstrated successfully on a single‐oxide neuromorphic transistor. No complex device circuits are needed. It is interesting to note here that the devices can be pasted on different holders with different curvature radii without degrading the transistor performances and STDP learning rules. Moreover, the proposed oxide neuromorphic transistors can be dissolved in deionized water easily. The results here indicate potential applications of the proposed restickable oxide neuromorphic transistors in flexible neuromorphic cognitive platforms.