bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective action in a polycentric water governance system
Authors: Baldwin Elizabeth , McCord Paul , Dell'Angelo Jampel , Evans Tom 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSmall‐scale irrigation systems are important for agricultural productivity in dryland agroecosystems, particularly in areas where there is significant intra‐ and interannual changes in rainfall patterns. Institutional analysis of common‐pool resources has demonstrated the principles that tend to result in sustained water governance systems. However, previous work did not fully articulate the nested nature of institutions and how polycentric arrangements can play a role in both the formation and the ongoing maintenance of these governance systems. To better understand collective action across water user groups and decision‐makers at multiple governance levels, we undertake a multilevel analysis of Kenya's polycentric approach to water governance, in place since reforms were initiated in 2002. Survey and interview data indicate that in the postreform period, water users in Kenya's Upper Ewaso Ng'iro basin engaged in behaviors associated with collective action, including reduced water use by upstream users to address downstream users' needs. We examine the factors that promote collective action in the region, asking whether features associated with polycentric governance have helped to promote collective action. We find that the presence of multiple decision centers with overlapping authority over water governance functions creates necessary—but not sufficient—conditions for collective action to occur. Regulations and formal conflict resolution mechanisms provide incentives for water users to cooperate, while shared membership in regional Water Resource Users Associations facilitates informal opportunities for users to share information and build trust over time.
The lens of polycentricity: Identifying polycentric governance systems illustrated through examples from the field of water governance
Authors: Schröder Nadine Jenny Shirin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses definitions that have been developed and used in the study of polycentric governance. It offers conceptual refinements with the aim of reducing fuzziness, showing challenges of operationalization and application to an empirical setting—in other words, analyzing governance arrangements through the polycentricity lens. One defining element of polycentricity is the presence of “multiple decision‐making centers.” This paper shows that this multiplicity is specific to the good/problem in focus, the center's tasks/responsibilities, the level in focus and analytical system boundaries. Functional overlapping among those centers is required to consider centers forming one system in relation to a good. These specificities should be examined for comparisons on polycentricity influencing the functioning of systems. The paper applies those conceptual refinements to the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in Berlin and Hamburg. It characterizes the two cases in terms of their polycentricity. It compares their functioning so far and how the latter relates to interactions and social interrelations. The polycentricity lens illuminates important features and differences: given an overall multiplicity of centers and a similar rule setting in both cities, the differences in the distribution of responsibilities and social interrelations led to a faster but less integrated implementation in Hamburg than in Berlin. The application of the proposed refinements yields insights into further work to be done in favor of theory‐building on the functioning of polycentric governance systems.
Toward comparative institutional analysis of polycentric social‐ecological systems governance
Authors: Thiel Andreas , Moser Christine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a conceptual approach that allows better understanding of what determines the performance of polycentric governance. The paper first identifies discrete structural alternatives of polycentric governance types (Public Service Industries). We suggest that efficient performance of Public Service Industries is shaped by variations in social‐problem characteristics (determining potential types of governance) and constitutional and overarching rules (of people's choosing), which jointly determine the credibility with which citizen‐consumers are able to discipline the activities of agents involved in governance. We illustrate this approach through the case of transnational biofuel governance in the European Union. We find that constitutionally granted (lack of) transparency and accountability are, in this case, pivotal for relatively inefficient governance of public goods. However, we also acknowledge the difficulties of assessing performance of polycentric governance based on single case studies. To overcome this problem, we suggest Comparative Institutional Analysis, which selects case studies according to social problem characteristics that are responsible for particular kinds of performance (e.g., efficiency) of polycentric governance types. This would allow scholars associated with the Bloomington School of Political Economy but also scholars analyzing governance from perspectives adopting similar assumptions to learn more about how constitutional rules shape the performance of polycentric governance types to build sound policy recommendations derived from this.
A semiautomated approach to analyzing polycentricity
Authors: Heikkila Tanya , Weible Christopher M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor decades, institutional scholars have embraced the concept of polycentricity as a way to describe systems of governance with multiple, overlapping centers of authority. However, intellectual progress on polycentricity has been constrained by inconsistent conceptual measurement, an overemphasis on small‐n versus large‐n research designs, a lack of attention to the variation in actors and authorities across policy‐specific issues, and unrefined methods of data analyses. This article offers a new path forward by applying a semiautomated approach to conduct a comparative analysis of polycentricity within and between 11 oil and gas regulations in Colorado, USA. Drawing lessons from the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework and network analyses, dyadic network relations between actors and rules were used to describe the polycentric structure of Colorado's oil and gas regulations. The polycentric structure that emerges features core and peripheral actors who vary in their associations to rules and imperatives (i.e., deontics). The conclusion presents an agenda for advancing knowledge of polycentricity and institutional design using these conceptual and methodological foundations.
Pathogen interactions with endothelial cells and the induction of innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: Konradt Christoph , Hunter Christopher A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere are over 10 trillion endothelial cells (EC) that line the vasculature of the human body. These cells not only have specialized functions in the maintenance of homeostasis within the circulation and various tissues but they also have a major role in immune function. EC also represent an important replicative niche for a subset of viral, bacterial, and parasitic organisms that are present in the blood or lymph; however, there are major gaps in our knowledge regarding how pathogens interact with EC and how this influences disease outcome. In this article, we review the literature on EC‐pathogen interactions and their role in innate and adaptive mechanisms of resistance to infection and highlight opportunities to address prominent knowledge gaps.
A Novel Eosinophilia Diagnostics Using Label‐free Impedimetric Aptasensor for Soluble Interleukin‐5 Receptor Alpha
Authors: Youn Hyungjun , Her Jin , Mok Jihyun , Kil Bareum , Kim Eunseon , Park Haesim , Ban Changill 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, interleukin‐5 receptor alpha (IL‐5RA) was reported to be a key surface molecule in the regulation of eosinophil proliferation. In this study, a highly sensitive aptamer for IL‐5RA was applied to an electrochemical biosensor. The rod‐shaped gold electrodes with circular gold surface were used. The aptasensor specifically detected membrane‐bound IL‐5RA on human eosinophils according to the number of the eosinophils. We further examined the usability of soluble IL‐5RA (sIL‐5RA) in the serum as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of eosinophil‐related diseases. When eosinophilic inflammation occurs, the concentration of sIL‐5RA in the blood is highly elevated. To diagnose eosinophilic inflammation, the aptasensor was calibrated in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) to detect sIL‐5RA. The detection limit of the aptasensor in PBS was 1.69 pg/mL, which is lower than that of commercially available ELISA kits. The dynamic range of the aptasensor was 10–10,000 pg/mL, with high specificity over other serum proteins and interleukin family members. The aptasensor was capable of distinguishing between patients with eosinophilic asthma (EA) and normal controls (NCs) based on serum sIL‐5RA levels. Consequently, the fabricated aptasensor will contribute to the development of novel diagnostic systems for IL‐5RA‐related diseases.
Synthesis of MoS2 and Graphene Composites as the Anode Materials for Li–Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Juan , Tian Jianhua , Naren  , Wang Xiaxia , Qin Zhenwu , Shan Zhongqiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe MoS2 and N‐doped graphene (MoS2/NG) composites are fabricated by an ethylenediamine‐assisted hydrothermal method for the anode materials of lithium‐ion batteries. The effects of hydrothermal systems with different amount ethylenediamine on the morphology of the MoS2 in the prepared composites are investigated. The microstructure and morphology of the as‐obtained composites are characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD methods. The analytical result reveals that the ultrathin few‐layered MoS2 nanosheets are tightly anchored on the graphene in the MoS2/NG composites. Given the different nanostructures of the as‐obtained composites, the possible formation mechanism is discussed and the electrochemical properties are studied. The MoS2/NG composites prepared with optimized amount of ethylenediamine modifier exhibit improved electrochemical performances, i. e. the enhanced cycling stability with reversible capacity of 816.6 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 120 cycles and remarkable high‐rate capacity of 683.8 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1. Therefore, the MoS2/graphene composites have great potential being an electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).
N,P Dual‐Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Derived from a Polyelectrolyte Complex as High‐Performance Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Shang Ningzhao , Gao Shutao , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Shuaihua , Feng Cheng , Wang Zhi , Wang Chun 
Published: August 2018

Both the surface composition and the pore texture of electrode materials have a significant effect on their electrochemical performances. Herein, a new type of nitrogen and phosphorus dual‐doped hierarchically porous carbon (NP‐HPC), fabricated by simultaneous pyrolysis and activation of the polyelectrolyte complex with chitosan and polyphosphoric acid as the precursor, is demonstrated. The NP‐HPC has a hierarchically interconnected porous structure, high surface area (2933 m2 g−1), and doping of heteroatoms. Due to its unique features, the optimal NP‐HPC‐800 demonstrates a high specific capacitance (289 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), excellent rate performance (238 F g−1 at 10 A g−1), and superior cycling stability (96% retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1) in 6 mol L−1 of KOH. Furthermore, NP‐HPC‐800 shows an excellent energy density of 22.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 183.3 W kg−1. The low‐cost and facile fabrication process provides a feasible approach to prepare heteroatom‐doped carbon materials from a biomass precursor for energy‐related applications.
The role of TCF3 as potential master regulator in blastemal Wilms tumors
Authors: Kehl Tim , Schneider Lara , Kattler Kathrin , Stöckel Daniel , Wegert Jenny , Gerstner Nico , Ludwig Nicole , Distler Ute , Tenzer Stefan , Gessler Manfred , Walter Jörn , Keller Andreas , Graf Norbert , Meese Eckart , Lenhof Hans‐Peter 
Published: August 2018

Wilms tumors are the most common type of pediatric kidney tumors. While the overall prognosis for patients is favorable, especially tumors that exhibit a blastemal subtype after preoperative chemotherapy have a poor prognosis. For an improved risk assessment and therapy stratification, it is essential to identify the driving factors that are distinctive for this aggressive subtype. In our study, we compared gene expression profiles of 33 tumor biopsies (17 blastemal and 16 other tumors) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The analysis of this dataset using the Regulator Gene Association Enrichment algorithm successfully identified several biomarkers and associated molecular mechanisms that distinguish between blastemal and nonblastemal Wilms tumors. Specifically, regulators involved in embryonic development and epigenetic processes like chromatin remodeling and histone modification play an essential role in blastemal tumors. In this context, we especially identified TCF3 as the central regulatory element. Furthermore, the comparison of ChIP‐Seq data of Wilms tumor cell cultures from a blastemal mouse xenograft and a stromal tumor provided further evidence that the chromatin states of blastemal cells share characteristics with embryonic stem cells that are not present in the stromal tumor cell line. These stem‐cell like characteristics could potentially add to the increased malignancy and chemoresistance of the blastemal subtype.Along with TCF3, we detected several additional biomarkers that are distinctive for blastemal Wilms tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and that may provide leads for new therapeutic regimens.
The role of elective and emergency cesarean delivery in maternal postpartum anhedonia, anxiety, and depression
Authors: Zanardo Vincenzo , Giliberti Lara , Giliberti Elia , Volpe Francesca , Straface Gianluca , Greco Pantaleo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare levels of anhedonia, anxiety, and depression in women following elective and emergency cesarean delivery.MethodsAn observational study was conducted between January 1, 2015, and May 31, 2017, among Italian women who delivered healthy neonates at term at the Policlinico Abano Terme, Italy, by vaginal, elective cesarean delivery (ElCD) or emergency cesarean (EmCD) delivery. The women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), including specific factors within each category, 2 days post‐delivery to measure postpartum depressive symptomatology.ResultsOf the 2234 women enrolled in the study, 1702 (76.2%) had a vaginal delivery and 532 (23.8%) a cesarean delivery, of which 264 (11.8%) were emergency and 268 (12.0%) were elective. Mean EPDS scores (P=0.075) and the number of women with EPDS scores >12 (P=0.718) were comparable among the delivery groups. However, mean anxiety factor scores were significantly higher in the ElCD group (P=0.031), and conversely, mean anhedonia factor scores were significantly higher in the EmCD group (P=0.001).ConclusionPostpartum depressive symptomatology of women who have had a cesarean delivery was characterized by higher levels of anxiety after ElCD and by higher levels of anhedonia after EmCD.
Phosphomimetic Mutation Destabilizes the Central Core Domain of Human p53
Authors: Luwang Johnson Wahengbam , Natesh Ramanathan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTranscriptional activity of p53 is modulated by various posttranslational modifications. Earlier studies have reported that Aurora B phosphorylation of p53 leads to loss of its transcriptional activity, subsequently leading to its ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation. To decipher the fate of structural and functional stature of p53 upon phosphorylation by Aurora B, we have generated five phosphomimetic mutants of p53 core domain and characterized their biophysicochemical properties. Our biophysical studies show that the T211E, S215E, and S269E mutants are thermally unstable and show a higher propensity toward aggregation than WT with the loss of DNA binding except for S183E. These results indicate structural and functional destabilization of p53 upon phosphomimetic substitution, which provides a molecular basis toward understanding the process that drives the fate of p53 upon phosphorylation by Aurora B kinase. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):1023–1031, 2018
Malic enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic drug target for cancer
Authors: Sarfraz Iqra , Rasul Azhar , Hussain Ghulam , Hussain Syed Makhdoom , Ahmad Matloob , Nageen Bushra , Jabeen Farhat , Selamoglu Zeliha , Ali Muhammad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReprogrammed metabolic profile is a biochemical fingerprint of cancerous cells, which represents one of the “hallmarks of cancer.” The aberrant expression pattern of enzymatic machineries orchestrates metabolic activities into a platform that ultimately promotes cellular growth, survival, and proliferation. The NADP(+)‐dependent mitochondrial malic enzyme 2 (ME2) has been widely appreciated due to its function as a provider of pyruvate and reducing power to the cell for biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleotides along with maintenance of redox balance. Multiple lines of evidences have indicated that ME2 is a bonafide therapeutic target and novel biomarker which plays critical role during tumorigenesis. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the cancer‐specific role of ME2 in order to explore its potential for therapeutic opportunities. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of ME2 in the light of previous research work for therapeutic advancements in cancer treatment. It is contemplated that additional investigations should focus on the use of ME2 inhibitors in combinational therapies as rational combinations of metabolic inhibitors and chemotherapy may have the ability to cure cancer. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1076–1083, 2018
I Will Just SWH It: The Learning Lens of Teachers as They Engage in the Exploration of Argument‐Based Inquiry
Authors: Hand Brian , Norton‐Meier Lori 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis department focuses on literacy leaders, including school and instructional leaders, teachers, and external partners, who are working to improve outcomes for adolescent and adult learners in a wide range of education settings. Columns investigate the challenges and complexities inherent in such work and share lessons learned, impactful strategies and approaches, and promising pathways forward.
Congenital absence of the portal vein: translated version
Authors: Sanada Yukihiro , Mizuta Koichi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCongenital portosystemic shunt (CPS) is classified into type I (congenital absence of the portal vein) and type II, depending on the presence or absence of the intrahepatic portal vein. Reports still exist on cases in which psychiatric diseases or mental retardation was diagnosed or cases in which diagnosis and treatment are not performed until severe pulmonary complications occur, indicating the need to recognize CPS. Herein, we reviewed epidemiology, etiology, classification, symptom, diagnosis, and treatment based on clinical view points of CPS. For clinical view points, classification according to (1) the presence or absence of the intrahepatic portal venous system (IPVS) and (2) the extrahepatic or intrahepatic of shunt sites, facilitates the understanding of pathophysiological conditions and is useful in selecting a treatment for symptomatic CPS. Radiological and pathological examinations are important in IPVS evaluations, and IPVS evaluations are currently essential to make diagnoses by portography with balloon occlusion and liver biopsy. Symptomatic CPS (hepatic nodular lesions, portosystemic encephalopathy, and pulmonary complications, etc.) is an indication of treatment by shunt closure, but an indication of treatment for asymptomatic CPS is the challenge going forward.
Ridge preservation following tooth extraction using mineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft compared to mineralized solvent‐dehydrated bone allograft: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Corning Patrick J. , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundFreeze dried bone allograft (FDBA) and solvent dehydrated bone allograft (SDBA) are both commonly used in alveolar ridge preservation. Previous studies have suggested SDBA may have advantages over FDBA due to a unique processing method. The primary objective of this study was to histologically compare the healing outcome between FDBA and SDBA when used for ridge preservation. Changes in morphometric ridge parameters were evaluated as a secondary outcome.MethodsForty‐four patients requiring extraction and ridge preservation were randomized into two groups: FDBA (control group) or SDBA (test group). Patients returned 12 weeks post‐extraction and ridge preservation for implant placement. A bone core was taken in the planned implant osteotomy site and evaluated histomorphometrically to determine the percentage of vital bone, residual graft material, and connective/other tissue. Changes in clinical ridge dimensions were also evaluated for patients in both treatment groups.ResultsThe FDBA group showed a mean of 24.08% vital bone, 22.96% residual graft material, and 52.95% CT/other. The SDBA group showed a mean of 27.19% vital bone, 23.38% residual graft material, and 49.41% CT/other. No statistical differences were found between groups in the mean outcomes for histologic parameters or in dimensional change of the alveolar ridge.ConclusionThis study provides the first histologic comparison between the wound healing of FDBA and SDBA over a 12‐week healing period in a ridge preservation application. The findings suggest no significant benefit or drawback with the use of either FDBA or SDBA when comparing histomorphometric parameters or clinical dimensional changes.
Effects of early‐successional shrubland management on breeding wood thrush populations
Authors: Schlossberg Scott , King David I. , Destefano Stephen , Hartley Mitch 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn forested landscapes, creation of habitat for early‐successional shrubland birds is controversial because of perceived conflicts with the conservation of mature‐forest birds. Nonetheless, many mature‐forest birds, especially fledglings, readily use early‐successional stands during the post‐breeding period. This suggests that for mature‐forest birds, creating habitat for early‐successional birds could involve a tradeoff: reduced abundance and nest survival due to the loss of nesting habitat versus enhanced fledgling survival in early‐successional stands. Our research addressed the effects of the creation of early‐successional habitat for shrubland birds on wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) in western Massachusetts, USA. We compared wood thrush abundance, nest success, fecundity, and post‐fledging survival in landscapes with high (∼20%) or low (∼1%) cover of early‐successional stands suitable for shrubland birds. We found no differences in nest success, fecundity, and post‐fledging survival between the 2 types of landscapes. Abundance of breeders, however, was significantly greater on the sites with high cover of early‐successional habitat. We conclude that in forested landscapes, creation of early‐successional habitat at levels recommended for the conservation of shrubland birds is compatible with viable wood thrush populations. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.