bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Gillnet Mesh Size on the Size Selectivity and Catch Efficiency for Two Rockfish in the Artificial Reef Area of Shandong Province, China
Authors: Zhang Liyou , Yu Mengjie , Dou Yilin , Li Linjie , Qi Guangrui , Tang Yanli 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGillnets are the most commonly used fishing gear targeting black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) in the artificial reef area in coastal China. However, a minimum mesh size (MMS) has not yet been established for this fishery, which is unfavorable for sustainable development and effective management of fishery resources. We compared size selectivity and catch efficiency of gillnets of four commonly used mesh size (stretched mesh size; 40, 50, 60, and 70‐mm) in a typical artificial reef area in the Yellow Sea, China. Increasing the mesh size improved size selectivity of gillnets for black rockfish and fat greenling by reducing the proportion of undersized individuals. Further, changes in mesh size affected catch efficiency of target‐sized individuals. To protect juveniles, while maintaining catch efficiency for target‐sized fish, we recommend 60‐mm as the MMS for this fishery. Our study will contribute to the development of MMS regulations in reef fisheries management in China.
‘Motivating Implicit Chinese to Express Themselves Is the Biggest Barrier’: A Qualitative Study of Chinese Researchers' Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Patient Engagement in Research
Authors: Yang Lin , Liu Yu‐xiao , Wang Bi‐xia , Yu Meng‐jiao , Bian Wei‐Wei , Wang Cai‐feng , Ruan Hong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient Engagement in Research (PER) has demonstrated benefits for patients, researchers and research outcomes. However, China lacks substantial experience in implementing PER. The implementation of PER in China faces unique challenges due to social‐cultural differences. This study explores the perspectives of Chinese researchers to identify barriers and facilitators, aiming to guide future PER initiatives and enhance the role of patients in research.MethodPurposive sampling was employed to recruit clinical researchers with diverse healthcare backgrounds in China. Semi‐structured interviews, conducted by a qualified researcher, followed interview guidelines derived from a literature review and pilot study modifications. Thematic analysis was applied using QSR Nvivo 8.0.ResultsA total of 13 participants were included. Five main themes were identified from interview: (1) selection of patients for research engagement, (2) strategies to alleviate the patient burden in implementing PER, (3) strategies to encourage patients for active expression, (4) benefits to attract patient engagement and (5) researcher's preparation.ConclusionThe cultural trait of ‘reservedness’ in Chinese culture hinders active expression by patients in the research engagement process. Researchers tend to recruit patients with specific characteristics and emphasize the importance of aligning benefits with patient values to motivate engagement. Addressing patient burden is crucial, and researchers should be well‐prepared before PER. These findings underscore the necessity of adopting culturally adapted strategies in PER to effectively address specific challenges.Patient or Public ContributionThe public participated in the interpretation of the interview results, enriching our understanding of the results.
MISFITS, POWER, AND HISTORY: RETHINKING ABILITY THROUGH AN ANIMAL LENS
Authors: FLACK ANDREW , WOULD ALICE 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we construct a critical history of “ability” by focusing on the specific case study of dark‐dwelling animals and the ways in which they have been understood over the course of modernity. Such creatures were frequently the subjects of assumptions and judgments about what they could and could not do. Dark places have historically been imagined as extreme environments and as home to equally strange beings. We argue that discourse relating to dark‐dwellers—from bats and hedgehogs to deep‐sea creatures—reveals that ability, in the animal context, relates to several connected ideas and phenomena. Not least, these include ideas around specialization, adaptation and adaptability, the concentrated interrogation of “special” sensory organs and neurological pathways, and the idealized coherence between a body and its wider environment. We also show that the idea of ability became increasingly inseparable from notions of vulnerability, resilience, and care especially in the context of twentieth‐ and twenty‐first‐century environmental change. The concept of ability, then, was a shifting constellation of many different ideas, and our study underlines how big ideas such as ability are far from homogenous in character but instead are complex, multilayered, and of their time. Reconceptualizing these kinds of ideas about “ability,” particularly as they manifested across diverse contexts, is crucial for understanding how people understood themselves and other beings across time and space. Such an approach to the history of ability matters. It points to the urgency of interrogating the roots of a seemingly everyday idea, one that appears commonplace and apparently unproblematic but that has material consequences for all living beings, human and animal, across a wide range of environments.
Error Pattern of English Rising Diphthongs of Chinese EFL Learners: A Syllable‐Coda Context Perspective
Authors: Pan PAN , Xiaojing WU , Jiaying WANG 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTChinese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) frequently experience difficulties in articulating English rising diphthongs, thereby hindering their speech efficacy in communication. This research employed an empirical approach to examine the accuracy rate exhibited by Chinese EFL learners while producing five English rising diphthongs (/eɪ/, /aɪ/, /aʊ/, /əʊ/, /ɔɪ/) and the impact of syllable‐coda contexts. Pronunciation samples by 111 Chinese EFL learners were assessed by three raters and results were statistically analyzed. Our results indicated that the accuracy of these rising diphthongs produced by Chinese EFL learners was significantly influenced by syllable‐coda contexts, but not by the diphthong type itself, and more interestingly that (1) diphthongs in the CVm'n context were the most challenging and (2) a lower accuracy in producing rising diphthongs in CVm/n context was consistent across different dialectal regions in China. These findings suggested that the accuracy of English rising diphthongs produced by Chinese EFL learners varies across different syllable‐coda contexts, providing valuable insights for teaching pronunciation.
Skin graft monitoring using forward‐looking infrared thermal imaging
Authors: Hwang Yong Seon , Byeon Je Yeon , Lee Da Woon , Kim Jun Hyuk , Lim Soomin , Choi Hwan Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examined the feasibility of non‐invasive infrared thermography to monitor skin graft viability. Sixty‐three patients with skin defects attending a single institution from May 2022 to August 2023 were included. Patients underwent full‐thickness or split‐thickness skin grafts based on clinical indication. Infrared thermal images were obtained on postoperative days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The temperature difference between the skin graft and surrounding normal skin was assessed using image analysis software. All 33 patients with full‐thickness skin grafts showed successful healing. Among the 30 patients with split‐thickness skin grafts, 7 experienced failure. The groups with successful full‐thickness and split‐thickness skin grafts exhibited a gradual increase in graft temperature, peaking on postoperative day 6 and decreasing on postoperative day 8. Temporal temperature changes were significant in each patient group (p < 0.001), and the differences in temperature change patterns between the two groups with successful grafts and the group with graft failure were also significant (p < 0.001). On postoperative day 6, the temperature difference was highest in the full‐thickness skin graft group (0.197 ± 0.335°C), followed by the successful split‐thickness skin graft group (0.426 ± 0.428°C), and the split‐thickness skin graft group with graft failure (−2.100 ± 0.361°C). In conclusion, infrared thermal imaging can provide a non‐invasive real‐time assessment of graft status and predict graft success or failure.
Determining the frequency of pressure ulcers incidence and associated risk factors in critical care patients: A 3‐year retrospective study
Authors: Noie Arezo , Jackson Alun C. , Taheri Mostafa , Sayadi Liela , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne of the key measures to prevent pressure ulcer is to identify the factors that influence them. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of pressure ulcers and their related risk factors in patients admitted to specialized care units. This research is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in the critical care units of hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. A total of 1158 patient records who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) between 2021 and 2022 were selected from the research population using the available sampling method and based on the inclusion criteria. Data was collected using a researcher‐made checklist between April 2021 and December 2022. Data were analysed using analytical tests (chi‐squared test, regression test) and descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean, standard deviation, and median) tests. All 1158 patient files were examined without any sample loss. The average age of the patients was 58.59 ± 19.73 years. The study found a significant association between the occurrence of pressure ulcers and age, duration of hospitalization, weight, body temperature, and male gender (p‐value <0.001). Additionally, there was a significant association between the occurrence of pressure ulcers and the use of pain relievers, vasopressors, alpha‐blockers, calcium blockers, and angiotensin (p‐value 0.001). The study also investigated the association between nursing care practices and the development of pressure ulcers. The findings revealed that changing the angle of the bed, using a wavy mattress, repositioning the patient every 2 h, using a CPR bed for mobility, providing protective equipment, and applying physical restraint to the patient were all significantly associated with the likelihood of pressure ulcers (p < 0.001). The study showed that pressure ulcers in ICU patients are influenced by the type of disease and clinical factors in individuals. However, considering the conflicting results of this study with some other studies, more research is needed on this subject. It is suggested that appropriate measures be taken based on the patient's condition to prevent pressure ulcers in those admitted to the ICU.
Re‐infection after treatment for moderate and severe diabetic foot infections
Authors: Lavery Lawrence A. , Tarricone Arthur N. , Ryan Easton C. , Crisologo Peter A. , Malone Matthew , Suludere Mehmet A. , Rogers Lee C. , Wukich Dane K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo investigate risk factors for re‐infection and compare the outcomes in people with diabetic foot infections. A retrospective chart review was conducted, and 294 hospitalised patients with moderate to severe diabetic foot infections (DFIs) were analysed for this study. The diagnosis and classification of the severity of infection was based on the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) infection guidelines. Skin and soft tissue infections were diagnosed based on clinical observations as per IWGDF classification in addition to ruling out any suspected osteomyelitis (OM) through negative bone culture, MRI or WBC SPECT CT. OM was confirmed by bone culture or histopathology. Clinical outcomes were based on a 12‐month follow‐up period. All dichotomous outcomes were compared using χ2 with an alpha of 0.05. The result of this study shows a 48% rate of re‐infection in people admitted to our hospital with moderate and severe diabetic foot infections (DFI). Patients with osteomyelitis present during the index admission were 2.1 times more likely to experience a re‐infection than patients with soft tissue infection (56.7% vs. 38.0% respectively). In the univariate analysis, risk factors for re‐infection included osteomyelitis, non‐healing wounds, prolonged wound healing, antidepressants and leukocytosis. In the regression analysis, the only risk factor for re‐infection was wounds that were not healed >90 days (HR =2.0, CI: 1.5, 2.7, p = 0.001). Re‐infection is very common in patients with moderate and severe diabetic foot infections. Risk factors include osteomyelitis, non‐healing wound, prolonged wound healing, antidepressants and leukocytosis.
Effects of High Pressure and Ultrasonication Pretreatments and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction on Physico‐Chemical Properties of Edible Insect Oils
Authors: Boonmee Nantawan , Chittrakorn Sasivimon , Detyothin Sukeewan , Tochampa Worasit , Sriphannam Chayaphon , Ruttarattanamongkol Khanitta 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEdible insects have gained increased attention as the important and sustainable source of nutrients for both human and animal consumption due to their rich content of protein, oil, fiber (as chitin), vitamins, and minerals. This study focuses on examining the effects of advanced pretreatments and oil extraction methods from prominent edible insect species commercially cultivated in Thailand, namely the house cricket (Acheta domesticus), black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), and silkworm (Bombxy mori). The raw insect samples underwent pretreatment using high pressure processing (HPP) at 200–600 MPa for 5 min or ultrasonication (UL) at 37 kHz for 5–15 min, followed by dehydration and extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) or solvent extraction. The study revealed that HPP significantly reduced the initial microbial load of all edible insects by 6–8 log cycles, while UL showed a slight effect on microbial reduction. Additionally, pretreatments notably improved the oil extraction yield of most samples by disrupting the integrity of the cell membrane, facilitating the release of oils. The extracted edible insect oils were rich in unsaturated fatty acids, omega 3, 6, and 9, making them suitable for various applications such as cosmetics, food, and feed additives. Furthermore, the protein meals obtained as a residue after oil removal were identified as potential meat alternatives or replacements in food or feed formulations. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of edible insects as a sustainable source of oil and protein, highlighting the significance of pretreatments and extraction methods in maximizing their utility for various applications in the food, cosmetic, and feed industries.
Policy instruments' effectiveness for facilitating industrial symbiosis: A UK–China comparative study from firms' perspectives
Authors: Tao Yuan , Xiong Ying , Evans Steve , Feng Qi , Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIndustrial symbiosis (IS) can be a powerful business concept to achieve sustainability and generate significant co‐benefits by utilizing waste from one factory as input to another factory in industrial complexes. However, the adoption of IS is not as expected, partly due to inadequate tailoring to the diverse institutional contexts across different regions. Existing research on facilitating IS has primarily focused on individual countries or industries, lacking insight into the mechanisms and pathways adopted in countries with different economic development levels and policy approaches in facilitating IS. This study conducts a comparative analysis of two facilitated IS initiatives between the United Kingdom and China, where the “parks” are expended to “countries.” The objective is to clarify what policy instruments work well under what conditions in fostering facilitated IS from firms' perspectives. Qualitative methods including semi‐structured interviews, on‐site observations, and archival analysis are employed to collect data, which is analyzed by using thematic coding based on a conceptual framework for comparing the speed‐dating/exogenous IS model. The research finding is that effective facilitation of IS requires tailoring policy instruments to its institutional context, leveraging economic incentives in more decentralized economic systems which are driven predominantly by the needs and initiatives of businesses or local community, and administrative mandates in relatively centralized governance environments. The study emphasizes the importance of developing facilitation approaches adapted to diverse institutional contexts for promoting IS and the cross‐learnings between these models potentially advancing implementation.
The ABC transporter SmABCG1 mediates tanshinones export from the peridermic cells of Salvia miltiorrhiza root
Authors: Li Yajing , Chen Junfeng , Zhi Jingyu , Huang Doudou , Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Lei , Duan Xinyi , Zhang Pan , Qiu Shi , Geng Jiaran , Feng Jingxian , Zhang Ke , Yang Xu , Gao Shouhong , Xia Wenwen , Zhou Zheng , Qiao Yuqi , Li Bo , Li Qing , Li Tingzhao , Chen Wansheng , Xiao Ying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPlants have mechanisms to transport secondary metabolites from where they are biosynthesized to the sites where they function, or to sites such as the vacuole for detoxification. However, current research has mainly focused on metabolite biosynthesis and regulation, and little is known about their transport. Tanshinone, a class diterpenoid with medicinal properties, is biosynthesized in the periderm of Salvia miltiorrhiza roots. Here, we discovered that tanshinone can be transported out of peridermal cells and secreted into the soil environment and that the ABC transporter SmABCG1 is involved in the efflux of tanshinone ⅡA and tanshinone Ⅰ. The SmABCG1 gene is adjacent to the diterpene biosynthesis gene cluster in the S. miltiorrhiza genome. The temporal–spatial expression pattern of SmABCG1 is consistent with tanshinone accumulation profiles. SmABCG1 is located on the plasma membrane and preferentially accumulates in the peridermal cells of S. miltiorrhiza roots. Heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrated that SmABCG1 can export tanshinone ⅡA and tanshinone Ⅰ. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis of SmABCG1 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots resulted in a significant decrease in tanshinone contents in both hairy roots and the culture medium, whereas overexpression of this gene resulted in increased tanshinone contents. CYP76AH3 transcript levels increased in hairy roots overexpressing SmABCG1 and decreased in knockout lines, suggesting that SmABCG1 may affect the expression of CYP76AH3, indirectly regulating tanshinone biosynthesis. Finally, tanshinone ⅡA showed cytotoxicity to Arabidopsis roots. These findings offer new perspectives on plant diterpenoid transport and provide a new genetic tool for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology research.
Isolated and Combined Effects of Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity on Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Machado Helen Rocha , Galvão Lucas Lima , Rocha‐Silva Rizia , Cavalcante Neto Jorge Lopes , Virtuoso Junior Jair Sindra , Tribess Sheilla , Viana Ricardo Borges , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , de Assis Teles Santos Douglas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimWe aim the isolated and combined effects of sedentary behaviour exposure time and physical activity levels on muscle strength in older adults.DesignThis prospective observational cohort study, analytical in nature, using exploratory survey methods and physical performance testing. With 5‐year longitudinal follow‐up (2015–2020).MethodsA total of 459 older adults participated in the baseline, with a total of 224 being included/located again in the follow‐up. We evaluate muscle strength using handgrip tests and sit‐to‐stand tests. The international physical activity questionnaire was used to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Generalised Estimation Equations tested both independent and combined effects, reporting results as β coefficients and confidence intervals.ResultsOlder adults exhibiting low sedentary behaviour displayed enhanced handgrip strength compared to those with high sedentary behaviour. Notably, older adults who were sufficiently active with low sedentary behaviour, sufficiently active with high sedentary behaviour, and insufficiently active with low sedentary behaviour showed increased handgrip strength compared to their counterparts who were insufficiently active with high sedentary behaviour. This trend was consistent for lower limb strength.ConclusionInterventions that encourage a reduction in sedentary behaviour and an increase in physical activity are essential to maintain muscle strength among older adults.Implications for PracticeThe findings of this study underscore the importance of addressing both sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels in clinical interventions aimed at preserving muscle strength in older adults. Routine assessments of physical activity and sedentary behaviour could help tailor personalised exercise programs, potentially enhancing functional independence and reducing the risk of frailty and disability in older patients.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in the sample of the study.Reporting MethodThis study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening Research in Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.
Notions of Rank Efficiency for the Random Assignment Problem
Authors: Feizi Mehdi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAn assignment is rank efficient if there is no other assignment where the expected number of agents who received one of their top choices is weakly higher. We introduce new notions of rank efficiency for the random assignment problem and illustrate a hierarchy between them. In a rank‐minimizing assignment, agents receive objects with a minimum rank on average. An ex‐post rank efficient random assignment has at least one lottery over only rank efficient deterministic assignments. Thus, it could still have another lottery with some rank‐dominated deterministic assignments in its support. If each deterministic assignment in any decomposition of a random assignment is rank efficient, we call it a robust ex‐post rank efficient assignment. We demonstrate that rank‐minimizing implies rank efficiency, which indicates (robust) ex‐post rank efficiency. Moreover, we introduce a mechanism that provides an ex‐post rank efficient random assignment. We also prove that ex‐post rank efficiency is incompatible with strategyproofness or fairness in the sense of weak envy‐freeness and equal division lower bound.