bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreland Basin Record of Uplift and Exhumation of the Eastern Cordillera, Northwest Argentina
Authors: Rahl Jeffrey M. , Harbor David J. , Galli Claudia I. , O'Sullivan Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe style, tempo, and timing of orogenic plateaus such as the Altiplano‐Puna in South America are actively debated. Foreland basin strata in northwestern Argentina preserve a record of the eastward propagation, uplift, and erosion of the eastern margin of the high topography of the Puna plateau and Eastern Cordillera. Herein, we present new sedimentologic and geochronologic data from the Neogene foreland basin strata and modern fluvial sediments at 23°S to reveal the timing of growth and erosion of the modern plateau margin. Traditional sedimentologic approaches, including conglomeratic clast counts and sandstone point‐counts, combined with detrital zircon U‐Pb age distributions preserve robust signatures that track changes in sediment provenance over the past 12 Ma. Growth of the modern plateau edge commenced between 12 and 7 Ma and erected a topographic barrier that cut off the supply of sediment from more westerly sources. Erosion of this rising block has progressively dissected a cover of early Paleozoic sediments of the Mesón and Santa Victoria Groups, leading to deep incision into the pre‐Cambrian metasediments of the Puncoviscana Formation that continues today. Detrital apatite and zircon fission track data from the both the Neogene strata and modern streams document erosion of the frontal block at a rate of about 0.6 mm/a.
Seasonal Evolution of Stratosphere‐Troposphere Coupling in the Southern Hemisphere and Implications for the Predictability of Surface Climate
Authors: Lim E.‐P. , Hendon H. H. , Thompson D. W. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStratosphere‐troposphere coupling in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar vortex is an important dynamical process that provides predictability of the tropospheric Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and its associated surface impacts. SH stratosphere‐troposphere coupling is explored by height‐time domain empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to the zonal mean‐zonal wind anomalies averaged over the Antarctic circumpolar region (55–65°S; U55–65°S). The leading EOF explains 42% of the height‐time variance of U55–65°S and depicts the variations of the vortex that is tightly tied to the seasonal breakdown of the vortex during late spring. The leading EOF pattern, defined here as the stratosphere‐troposphere coupled mode, is characterized by variations in U55–65°S that develop in early winter near the stratopause, change sign from late winter to early spring, gain maximum amplitude during October in the upper stratosphere, and then extend downward to the surface from October to January. This stratosphere‐troposphere coupling during the spring months appears to be preconditioned by anomalies in upward propagating planetary wave activity and a meridional shift of the vortex as high as the stratopause and as early as June. Interannual variations of the stratosphere‐troposphere coupled mode are highly correlated with those of the tropospheric SAM, Antarctic stratospheric ozone concentration, Antarctic sea ice concentrations in the South Pacific and the Weddell Sea, and SH regional climate during late spring–early summer. Anomalies in the upper stratospheric flow as early as June are thus a potentially important source of predictability for the tropospheric SAM and its associated impacts on surface climate in spring and summer.
Smoking and the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: Jung Hyun-Suk , Chang Yoosoo , Kwon Min-Jung , Sung Eunju , Yun Kyung Eun , Cho Yong Kyun , Shin Hocheol , Ryu Seungho 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:
The role of smoking in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. We assessed the risk of incident NAFLD according to smoking status and urinary cotinine levels.

METHODS:
We performed a cohort study of 199,468 Korean adults without NAFLD at baseline who were followed annually or biennially for a median of 4.1 years. The presence of fatty liver was determined using ultrasound. NAFLD severity was assessed using NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), a non-invasive fibrosis marker.

RESULTS:
During 1,070,991 person-years of follow-up, 45,409 participants developed NAFLD. Self-reported current smoking, pack-years, and urinary cotinine level were significantly associated with increased risk for NAFLD. For men, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for incident NAFLD comparing 10–19.9, and ≥20 pack-years to 0 pack-years were 1.25 (1.21– 1.29), and 1.36 (1.30–1.42), respectively; for women, aHR (95% CI) for NAFLD comparing 5–9.9, and ≥10 pack-years to 0 pack-years were 1.25 (1.04–1.50), and 1.46 (1.17–1.81), respectively. Smoking pack-years were also associated with increased risk for NAFLD plus intermediate or high fibrosis score. For men, the aHR (95% CI) for NAFLD plus intermediate or high NFS comparing ≥20 pack-years to 0 pack-years was 1.29 (1.18–1.42); for women, the aHR (95% CI) comparing ≥10 pack-years to 0 pack-years was 1.75 (1.12–2.73).

CONCLUSIONS:
In a large cohort of young and middle-aged men and women, current smoking, pack-years, and urinary cotinine levels were positively associated with the risk of incident NAFLD, suggesting that smoking contributes to the development of NAFLD.
Phylogenetic imprint of woody plants on the soil mycobiome in natural mountain forests of eastern China
Authors: Yang Teng , Tedersoo Leho , Soltis Pamela S , Soltis Douglas E , Gilbert Jack A , Sun Miao , Shi Yu , Wang Hongfei , Li Yuntao , Zhang Jian , Chen Zhiduan , Lin Hanyang , Zhao Yunpeng , Fu Chengxin , Chu Haiyan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Recent studies have detected strong phylogenetic signals in tree–fungus associations for diseased leaves and mycorrhizal symbioses. However, the extent of plant phylogenetic constraints on the free-living soil mycobiome remains unknown, especially at broad geographic scales. Here, 343 soil samples were collected adjacent to individual tree trunks, representing 58 woody plant species located in five mountain forests of eastern China. Integrating plant species identity and phylogenetic information, we aimed to unravel the relative contributions of phylogenetic relationships among tree species, abiotic environmental filtering, and geographic isolation to the geographic distribution of soil mycobiome. We found that the community dissimilarities of total fungi and each dominant guild (viz. saprotrophs, plant pathogens, and ectomycorrhizal fungi) significantly increased with increasing plant phylogenetic distance. Plant phylogenetic eigenvectors explained 11.4% of the variation in community composition, whereas environmental and spatial factors explained 24.1% and 7.2% of the variation, respectively. The communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens were relatively more strongly affected by plant phylogeny than those of saprotrophs (13.7% and 10.4% vs. 8.5%). Overall, our results demonstrate how plant phylogeny, environment, and geographic space contribute to forest soil fungal distributions and suggest that the influence of plant phylogeny on fungal association may differ by guilds.
Achieving a multi-strain symbiosis: strain behavior and infection dynamics
Authors: Bongrand Clotilde , Ruby Edward G 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Strain diversity, while now recognized as a key driver underlying partner dynamics in symbioses, is usually difficult to experimentally manipulate and image in hosts with complex microbiota. To address this problem, we have used the luminous marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri, which establishes a symbiosis within the crypts of the nascent light organ of the squid Euprymna scolopes. Competition assays in newly hatched juvenile squid have shown that symbiotic V. fischeri are either niche-sharing “S strains”, which share the light organ when co-inoculated with other S strains, or niche-dominant “D strains”, which are typically found alone in the light organ after a co-colonization. To understand this D strain advantage, we determined the minimum time that different V. fischeri strains needed to initiate colonization and used confocal microscopy to localize the symbionts along their infection track. Further, we determined whether symbiont-induced host morphogenic events also occurred earlier during a D strain colonization. We conclude that D strains colonized more quickly than S strains. Nevertheless, light-organ populations in field-caught adult squid often contain both D and S strains. We determined experimentally that this symbiont population heterogeneity might be achieved in nature by a serial encounter of different strains in the environment.
Music improves social communication and auditory–motor connectivity in children with autism
Authors: Sharda Megha , Tuerk Carola , Chowdhury Rakhee , Jamey Kevin , Foster Nicholas , Custo-Blanch Melanie , Tan Melissa , Nadig Aparna , Hyde Krista 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMusic has been identified as a strength in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder; however, there is currently no neuroscientific evidence supporting its benefits. Given its universal appeal, intrinsic reward value and ability to modify brain and behaviour, music may be a potential therapeutic aid in autism. Here we evaluated the neurobehavioural outcomes of a music intervention, compared to a non-music control intervention, on social communication and brain connectivity in school-age children (ISRCTN26821793). Fifty-one children aged 6–12 years with autism were randomized to receive 8–12 weeks of music (n = 26) or non-music intervention (n = 25). The music intervention involved use of improvisational approaches through song and rhythm to target social communication. The non-music control was a structurally matched behavioural intervention implemented in a non-musical context. Groups were assessed before and after intervention on social communication and resting-state functional connectivity of fronto-temporal brain networks. Communication scores were higher in the music group post-intervention (difference score = 4.84, P = .01). Associated post-intervention resting-state brain functional connectivity was greater in music vs. non-music groups between auditory and subcortical regions (z = 3.94, P < .0001) and auditory and fronto-motor regions (z = 3.16, P < .0001). Post-intervention brain connectivity was lower between auditory and visual regions in the music compared to the non-music groups, known to be over-connected in autism (z = 4.01, P < .00001). Post-intervention brain connectivity in the music group was related to communication improvement (z = 3.57, P < .0001). This study provides the first evidence that 8–12 weeks of individual music intervention can indeed improve social communication and functional brain connectivity, lending support to further investigations of neurobiologically motivated models of music interventions in autism.
Nimbolide, a neem limonoid inhibits cytoprotective autophagy to activate apoptosis via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway in oral cancer
Authors: Sophia Josephraj , Kowshik Jaganathan , Dwivedi Anju , Bhutia Sujit K , Manavathi Bramanandam , Mishra Rajakishore , Nagini Siddavaram 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOf late, nimbolide, a limonoid from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has gained increasing research attention owing to its potent antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of nimbolide on autophagy and the time point at which the phosphorylation status of GSK-3β and PI3K dictate the choice between autophagy and apoptosis in SCC131 and SCC4 oral cancer cells. Additionally, we analysed changes in the expression of proteins involved in autophagy and apoptosis after therapeutic intervention with nimbolide in a hamster model of oral oncogenesis. Furthermore, we also demonstrate changes in the expression of key genes involved in apoptosis and autophagy during the stepwise evolution of hamster and human OSCCs. Nimbolide-induced stereotypical changes in oral cancer cells characteristic of both apoptosis and autophagy. Time-course experiments revealed that nimbolide induces autophagy as an early event and then switches over to apoptosis. Nimbolide negatively regulates PI3K/Akt signalling with consequent increase in p-GSK-3βTyr216, the active form of GSK-3β that inhibits autophagy. Downregulation of HOTAIR, a competing endogenous RNA that sponges miR-126 may be a major contributor to the inactivation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3 signalling by nimbolide. Analysis of key markers of apoptosis and autophagy as well as p-AktSer473 during sequential progression of hamster and human OSCC revealed a gradual evolution to a pro-autophagic and antiapoptotic phenotype that could confer a survival advantage to tumors. In summary, the results of the present study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which nimbolide augments apoptosis by overcoming the shielding effects of cytoprotective autophagy through modulation of the phosphorylation status of Akt and GSK-3β as well as the ncRNAs miR-126 and HOTAIR. Development of phytochemicals such as nimbolide that target the complex interaction between proteins and ncRNAs that regulate the autophagy/apoptosis flux is of paramount importance in cancer prevention and therapeutics.
Seeded X-ray free-electron laser generating radiation with laser statistical properties
Authors: Gorobtsov Oleg Yu. , Mercurio Giuseppe , Capotondi Flavio , Skopintsev Petr , Lazarev Sergey , Zaluzhnyy Ivan A. , Danailov Miltcho B. , Dell’Angela Martina , Manfredda Michele , Pedersoli Emanuele , Giannessi Luca , Kiskinova Maya , Prince Kevin C. , Wurth Wilfried , Vartanyants Ivan A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe invention of optical lasers led to a revolution in the field of optics and to the creation of such fields of research as quantum optics. The reason was their unique statistical and coherence properties. The emerging, short-wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) are sources of very bright coherent extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray radiation with pulse durations on the order of femtoseconds, and are presently considered to be laser sources at these energies. FELs are highly spatially coherent to the first-order but in spite of their name, behave statistically as chaotic sources. Here, we demonstrate experimentally, by combining Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry with spectral measurements that the seeded XUV FERMI FEL-2 source does indeed behave statistically as a laser. The results may be useful for quantum optics experiments and for the design and operation of next generation FEL sources.
Pressure-induced emission of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Liu Zhun , Lu Siyu , Wang Lingrui , Feng Xiaolei , Yang Dongwen , Wang Kai , Xiao Guanjun , Zhang Lijun , Redfern Simon A. T. , Zou Bo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) are of great interest for optoelectronics because of their high quantum efficiency in solar cells and light-emitting devices. However, exploring an effective strategy to further improve their optical activities remains a considerable challenge. Here, we report that nanocrystals (NCs) of the initially nonfluorescent zero-dimensional (0D) cesium lead halide perovskite Cs4PbBr6 exhibit a distinct emission under a high pressure of 3.01 GPa. Subsequently, the emission intensity of Cs4PbBr6 NCs experiences a significant increase upon further compression. Joint experimental and theoretical analyses indicate that such pressure-induced emission (PIE) may be ascribed to the enhanced optical activity and the increased binding energy of self-trapped excitons upon compression. This phenomenon is a result of the large distortion of [PbBr6]4− octahedral motifs resulting from a structural phase transition. Our findings demonstrate that high pressure can be a robust tool to boost the photoluminescence efficiency and provide insights into the relationship between the structure and optical properties of 0D MHPs under extreme conditions.
Molecular definition of group 1 innate lymphoid cells in the mouse uterus
Authors: Filipovic Iva , Chiossone Laura , Vacca Paola , Hamilton Russell S. , Ingegnere Tiziano , Doisne Jean-Marc , Hawkes Delia A. , Mingari Maria Cristina , Sharkey Andrew M. , Moretta Lorenzo , Colucci Francesco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDetermining the function of uterine lymphocytes is challenging because of the dynamic changes in response to sex hormones and, during pregnancy, to the invading foetal trophoblast cells. Here we provide a genome-wide transcriptome atlas of mouse uterine group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) at mid-gestation. Tissue-resident Eomes+CD49a+NK cells (trNK), which resemble human uterine NK cells, are most abundant during early pregnancy, and have gene signatures associated with TGF-β responses and interactions with trophoblast, epithelial, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, leucocytes and extracellular matrix. Conventional NK cells expand late in gestation and may engage in crosstalk with trNK cells involving IL-18 and IFN-γ. Eomes−CD49a+ILC1s dominate before puberty, and specifically expand in second pregnancies when the expression of the memory cell marker CXCR6 is upregulated. These results identify trNK cells as the cellular hub of uterine group 1 ILCs, and mark CXCR6+ILC1s as potential memory cells of pregnancy.
IL-6 and the dysregulation of immune, bone, muscle, and metabolic homeostasis during spaceflight
Authors: Smith John Kelly 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe have previously reported that exercise-related secretion of IL-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells is proportionate to body weight, suggesting that IL-6 is gravisensitive and that suboptimal production of this key cytokine may contribute to homeostatic dysregulations that occur during spaceflight. This review details what is known about the role of this key cytokine in innate and adaptive immunity, hematopoiesis, and in bone, muscle and metabolic homeostasis on Earth and in the microgravity of space and suggests an experimental approach to confirm or disavow the role of IL-6 in space-related dysregulations.
Molecular and Metabolic Markers of Fructose Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Developing and Adult Rats are Distinct and Aegle marmelos is an Effective Modulator
Authors: Nair Jayachandran , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Das Ujjalkumar Subhash , Sharma Prateek , Nag Tapas , Mathur Sandeep R. , Mathur Rajani 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe time course of pathogenesis of fructose mediated hepatic insulin resistance (HepIR) is not well-delineated and we chronicle it here from post-weaning to adulthood stages. Weaned rats were provided for either 4 or 8 weeks, i.e., upto adolescence or adulthood, chow + drinking water, chow + fructose, 15% or chow + fructose, 15% + hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos (AM-HM, 500 mg/kg/d, po) and assessed for feed intake, fructose intake, body weight, fasting blood sugar, oral glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR, insulin tolerance test and lipid profile. Activities of enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldehyde dehydrogenase), hormones (leptin, ghrelin, insulin), insulin signaling molecules (Akt-PI3k, AMPK, JNK) hallmarks of inflammation (TNF-α), angiogenesis (VEGF), hypoxia (HIF-1), lipogenesis (mTOR) and regulatory nuclear transcription factors of de novo lipogenesis and hepatic insulin resistance gene (SREBP-1, FoxO1) that together govern the hepatic fructose metabolism, were also studied. The effect of fructose-rich environment on metabolic milieu of hepatocytes was confirmed using (human hepatocellular carcinoma) HepG2 cells. Using in vitro model, fructose uptake and glucose output from isolated murine hepatocytes were measured to establish the HepIR under fructose environment and delineate the effect of AM-HM. The leaves from the plant Aegle marmelos (L) Correa were extracted, fractionated and validated for rutin content using LC-MS/MS. The rutin content of extract was quantified and correlated with oral pharmacokinetic parameters in rat. The outcomes of the study suggest that the molecular and metabolic markers of fructose induced HepIR in developing and adult rats are distinct. Further, AM-HM exerts a multi-pronged attack by raising insulin secretion, augmenting insulin action, improving downstream signaling of insulin, reducing overall requirement of insulin and modulating hepatic expression of glucose transporter (Glut2). The butanol fraction of AM-HM holds promise for future development.
Metabolic Biomarkers of Monochorionic Twins Complicated With Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Cord Plasma and Placental Tissue
Authors: Wang Lianlian , Han Ting-Li , Luo Xiaofang , Li Siming , Young Tim , Chen Chang , Wen Li , Xu Ping , Zheng Yangxi , Saffery Richard , Baker Philip N. , Tong Chao , Qi Hongbo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDC) twins causes phenotypic growth discordance, which is correlated with metabolomic pertubations. A global, untargeted identification of the metabolic fingerprint may help elucidate the etiology of sIUGR. Umbilical cord blood and placentas collected from 15 pairs of sIUGR monochorionic twins, 24 pairs of uncomplicated twins, and 14 singletons diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic analyses. Supervised multivariate regression analysis and pathway analysis were performed to compare control twins with sIUGR twins. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was utilized to explore metabolic differences within sIUGR co-twins. Linear logistic regression was applied to screen metabolites that significantly differed in concentration between control twins and sIUGR twins or IUGR singletons. Umbilical cord blood demonstrated better global metabolomic separation of sIUGR and control twins compared to the placenta. Disrupted amino acid and fatty acid metabolism as well as high levels of exposure to environmental xenobiotics were associated with sIUGR. The metabolic abnormalities in MCDA twins suggested that in utero growth discordance is caused by intrauterine and extrauterine environmental factors, rather than genetics. Thus, this study provides new therapeutic targets and strategies for sIUGR management and prevention.
Transcranial stimulation of the frontal lobes increases propensity of mind-wandering without changing meta-awareness
Authors: Axelrod Vadim , Zhu Xingxing , Qiu Jiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMind-wandering is omnipresent in our lives. The benefits of mind-wandering are not yet clear, but given how much time we spend mind-wandering, this mental function is likely to be important. Accordingly, it is essential to understand the neural and cognitive mechanisms of mind-wandering. In a recent study by the leading author of the present paper it was demonstrated that by applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the frontal lobes, but not sham or occipital cortex stimulation, it was possible to increase propensity of mind-wandering. The goal of the present study has been to replicate these previous findings and to extend them by examining whether changes in mind-wandering as a result of stimulation are associated with a change of meta-awareness of the attentional focus. By using a larger sample size and by conducting the experiment in a different country and language, we fully replicated the key original findings by showing that stimulation of the prefrontal cortex increased the level of mind-wandering. We also show that stimulation had no major effect on the level of meta-awareness of the attentional focus. Taken together, our results indicate that mind-wandering − probably the most internal and self-related mental function − can be modulated externally, that at least in some cases mind-wandering might not be regulated by meta-awareness, and that the frontal lobes might play a causal role in mind-wandering.