bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length of inpatient stays and associated factors among middle‐aged and older adults in Korea
Authors: Lee Sungkyu , Lee Hyunjoo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing a nationally representative sample of middle‐aged and older adults in Korea, this study examined the length of inpatient stays and associated factors. The pooled 2008–2012 data were obtained from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, and study sample consisted of 7,805 individuals aged 50 and older. Guided by the Andersen's healthcare utilization model, latent growth curve modeling was conducted. Study results indicate that the average inpatient stay has slightly increased among middle‐aged and older adults in Korea. Furthermore, the severity of functional disability, the number of chronic health conditions, and the level of depressive symptoms were found to be key factors associated with the length of inpatient stays. In particular, respondents who received federal welfare benefits had longer stays than those who did not receive welfare benefits. Being employed and having private insurance were also found to be predictors of increasing length of inpatient stays. However, marital status was not associated with the length of inpatient stays. By understanding the pattern of inpatient stays and associated factors, policymakers should make an effort to develop innovative cost‐effective healthcare programs.
Survey of veterinary prescribing for poultry disease
Authors: Crabb HK , Hardefeldt LY , Bailey KE , Billman‐Jacobe H , Gilkerson JR , Browning GF 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundTo enable better antimicrobial stewardship, it is important to know what the patterns of prescribing behaviour are and what diseases or reasons antibiotics are being prescribed. A prescribing guideline (i.e. recommended best practice for writing prescriptions) developed by the Australian poultry veterinarians exists. However, it is not a prescribing guideline detailing treatments for the commonly observed bacterial diseases in commercial poultry.MethodsAn online survey was deployed to all registered veterinarians and members of the Australian Veterinary Poultry Association to identify prescribing behaviours for the most frequently observed bacterial diseases of poultry.ResultsA total of 39 survey responses were received. Most surveys were started but not completed; 13 (33%) were completed with 18 (46%) containing some information on prescribing. The most frequent treatment responses were for Escherichia coli in both layers and broilers, chronic respiratory disease (CRD), fowl cholera and spotty liver in layers and necrotic enteritis in broilers. Treatments described were for products registered for poultry use, within the recommended label dose and duration of treatment (Tables 1, 2). Unsurprisingly, tetracyclines and amoxycillin, followed by lincomycin and trimethoprim sulfonamide products were the most frequently reported treatment options. Inappropriate treatments were reported for salmonellosis and one veterinarian recommended the use of enrofloxacin for the treatment of fowl cholera.ConclusionInformation provided by respondents will enable the initial development of prescribing guidelines for both commercial and small poultry flocks. Importantly, it identified less than optimal prescribing behaviour for some diseases, a reliance on one class of antibiotic more than others and a failure to utilise all antimicrobial classes potentially available for treatment. Critically, the survey identified a lack of treatment options for bacterial disease in poultry. The most important bacterial diseases of poultry remain the same; effective alternatives for antibiotic treatment are required and old diseases, thought once gone, are reinventing themselves as problems for the future. Surveys of prescribing behaviours are essential for identifying diseases of high priority, changes in treatments and response to treatment and to identify areas for targeted antimicrobial stewardship, and research needs.
Why bad feelings predict good behaviours: The role of positive and negative anticipated emotions on consumer ethical decision making
Authors: Escadas Marco , Jalali Marjan S. , Farhangmehr Minoo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch suggests that emotions can greatly influence consumer decision making and behaviours. Notwithstanding, our understanding of the role of anticipated emotions in what is an inherently complex deliberation process—that of consumer ethics—is still quite limited. The present study thus aims to address this gap, in two key ways: first, by measuring the influence of positive and negative anticipated emotions at each stage of the consumer ethical decision making process; and second by describing the specific emotions that most affect each component of the consumer ethical deliberation process and assessing their relative weight in predicting decisions involving ethical issues. Through the examination of 603 ethical situations and using multiple regression analysis, the findings indicate that anticipated emotions can account for up to 59% of the variance in consumer decisions involving ethics. Anticipating the experience of negative emotions as a result of carrying out an unethical behaviour was the affective component found to most influence consumer ethical deliberation process; and anticipated guilt was the discrete emotion exerting the greatest effect on consumer decision making in ethical situations. The findings indicate that more than feeling good, consumers avoid feeling bad; such that ethically favourable decisions emerge to prevent experiencing negative emotions in the future.
Habitat amount drives the functional diversity and nestedness of anuran communities in an Atlantic Forest fragmented landscape
Authors: Almeida‐Gomes Mauricio , Vieira Marcus V. , Rocha Carlos F. D. , Melo Adriano S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNatural environments disturbed by human activities can suffer from species extinctions, but some can still harbor high taxonomic diversity. However, disturbances may have impacts beyond the species level, if the species lost represent unique functions in the ecosystem. In this study, we evaluated to what extent the amount of habitat can determine the functional diversity and nestedness of amphibian communities in an Atlantic Forest fragmented landscape in Brazil, and if there is a threshold of habitat amount beyond which there is severe loss of functional diversity. As species responses may depend on their habitat type, we performed the analyses for three different sets of species: all species, forest‐dependent species, and generalist species. We also evaluated the relative importance of turnover and nestedness components to total functional dissimilarity among sites. Habitat amount affected functional diversity of frogs, especially for forest‐dependent species where a linear reduction was detected. The functional dissimilarity among sites was mostly explained by the nestedness component. The reduction of functional diversity was mediated by an ordered loss of traits, leading to a functionally nested metacommunity. These sensitive traits were closely related to habits and reproductive modes that depend on rivers and streams. The maintenance of functional diversity of frogs in fragmented landscapes must rely on the conservation of both terrestrial and aquatic environments, as some species and their traits can disappear from remnants of native vegetation lacking some specific habitats (e.g. streams).Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Pharmacological characterization of TQ05310, a potent inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 R140Q and R172K mutants
Authors: Gao Mingzhao , Zhu Hongmei , Fu Li , Li Yun , Bao Xubin , Fu Haoyu , Quan Haitian , Wang Lei , Lou Liguang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIsocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), an important mitochondrial metabolic enzyme involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is mutated in a variety of cancers. AG‐221, an inhibitor primarily targeting the IDH2‐R140Q mutant, has shown remarkable clinical benefits in the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia patients. However, AG‐221 has weak inhibitory activity toward IDH2‐R172K, a mutant form of IDH2 with more severe clinical manifestations. Herein, we report TQ05310 as the first mutant IDH2 inhibitor that potently targets both IDH2‐R140Q and IDH2‐R172K mutants. TQ05310 inhibited mutant IDH2 enzymatic activity, suppressed (R)‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG) production and induced differentiation in cells expressing IDH2‐R140Q and IDH2‐R172K, but not in cells expressing wild‐type IDH1/2 or mutant IDH1. TQ05310 bound to both IDH2‐R140Q and IDH2‐R172K, with Q316 being the critical residue mediating the binding of TQ05310 with IDH2‐R140Q, but not with IDH2‐R172K. TQ05310 also had favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and profoundly inhibited 2‐HG production in a tumor xenografts model. The results of the current study establish a solid foundation for further clinical investigation of TQ05310, and provide new insight into the development of novel mutant IDH2 inhibitors.
Barcode sequencing identifies resistant mechanisms to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in circulating tumor DNA of lung cancer patients
Authors: Kitazono Satoru , Sakai Kazuko , Yanagitani Noriko , Ariyasu Ryo , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Dotsu Yosuke , Koyama Junji , Saiki Masafumi , Sonoda Tomoaki , Nishikawa Shingo , Uchibori Ken , Horiike Atsushi , Nishio Kazuto , Nishio Makoto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will inevitably develop acquired resistance induced by treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI). The mechanisms of resistance to EGFR‐TKI are multifactorial, and the detection of these mechanisms is critical for treatment choices in patients who have progressed after EGFR‐TKI therapy. We evaluated the feasibility of a molecular barcode method using next‐generation sequencing to detect multifactorial resistance mechanisms in circulating tumor DNA and compared the results with those obtained using other technologies. Plasma samples were collected from 25 EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLC patients after the development of EGFR‐TKI resistance. Somatic mutation profiles of these samples were assessed using two methods of next‐generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). The positive rate for EGFR‐sensitizing mutations was 18/25 (72.0%) using ddPCR, 17/25 (68.0%) using amplicon sequencing, and 19/25 (76.0%) using molecular barcode sequencing. Rate of the EGFR T790M resistance mutation among patients with EGFR‐sensitizing mutations was shown to be 7/18 (38.9%) using ddPCR, 6/17 (35.3%) using amplicon sequencing, and 8/19 (42.1%) using molecular barcode sequencing. Copy number gain in the MET gene was detected in three cases using ddPCR. PIK3CA, KRAS and TP53 mutations were detected using amplicon sequencing. Molecular barcode sequencing detected PIK3CA, TP53, KRAS, and MAP2K1 mutations. Results of the three assays were comparable; however, in cell‐free DNA, molecular barcode sequencing detected mutations causing multifactorial resistance more sensitively than did the other assays.
A comparison of state support for young people leaving care in Norway and Sweden: Differences within comparable welfare systems
Authors: Storø Jan , Sjöblom Yvonne , Höjer Ingrid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to account for and discuss support to young care leavers within the comparable welfare regimes of Norway and Sweden and to explore key differences between these 2 countries. This model implies that children and young people are included and entitled to support through being family members, not as independent actors in their own right. This makes young care leaver's transition from care to adulthood problematic—as they often do not have access to family support, they may be positioned in a vacuum where they are clients neither entitled to support from the child welfare system nor supported by their families of origin. In Norway, legislators and policymakers have agreed that care leavers need particular attention and targeted support, whereas in Sweden, there has been no such agreement. However, the Norwegian system of giving leaving care services is not strong enough to provide transition support to all care leavers, even if the legislation gives stronger protection than in Sweden. The article discusses the need for targeted measures of support for a successful care‐leaving process.
Supporting young people from care to adulthood: International practice
Authors: Stein Mike 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper explores practice examples relating to young people's transitions from care to adulthood. It discusses examples drawn from young people's pathways to adulthood, leaving care law and policy and participation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the research evidence on promoting the resilience of young people from care to adulthood, by proposing a framework for evaluating the impact of practice. It is suggested that practice should be interrogated in respect of the contribution made to stability and continuity, educational achievement, involving young people, preparation and support into adulthood, and health and well‐being.
On‐Site Example‐Based Material Appearance Acquisition
Authors: Lin Y. , Peers P. , Ghosh A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a novel example‐based material appearance modeling method suitable for rapid digital content creation. Our method only requires a single HDR photograph of a homogeneous isotropic dielectric exemplar object under known natural illumination. While conventional methods for appearance modeling require prior knowledge on the object shape, our method does not, nor does it recover the shape explicitly, greatly simplifying on‐site appearance acquisition to a lightweight photography process suited for non‐expert users. As our central contribution, we propose a shape‐agnostic BRDF estimation procedure based on binary RGB profile matching. We also model the appearance of materials exhibiting a regular or stationary texture‐like appearance, by synthesizing appropriate mesostructure from the same input HDR photograph and a mesostructure exemplar with (roughly) similar features. We believe our lightweight method for on‐site shape‐agnostic appearance acquisition presents a suitable alternative for a variety of applications that require plausible “rapid‐appearance‐modeling”.
Adaptive Temporal Sampling for Volumetric Path Tracing of Medical Data
Authors: Martschinke J. , Hartnagel S. , Keinert B. , Engel K. , Stamminger M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMonte‐Carlo path tracing techniques can generate stunning visualizations of medical volumetric data. In a clinical context, such renderings turned out to be valuable for communication, education, and diagnosis. Because a large number of computationally expensive lighting samples is required to converge to a smooth result, progressive rendering is the only option for interactive settings: Low‐sampled, noisy images are shown while the user explores the data, and as soon as the camera is at rest the view is progressively refined. During interaction, the visual quality is low, which strongly impedes the user's experience. Even worse, when a data set is explored in virtual reality, the camera is never at rest, leading to constantly low image quality and strong flickering. In this work we present an approach to bring volumetric Monte‐Carlo path tracing to the interactive domain by reusing samples over time. To this end, we transfer the idea of temporal antialiasing from surface rendering to volume rendering. We show how to reproject volumetric ray samples even though they cannot be pinned to a particular 3D position, present an improved weighting scheme that makes longer history trails possible, and define an error accumulation method that downweights less appropriate older samples. Furthermore, we exploit reprojection information to adaptively determine the number of newly generated path tracing samples for each individual pixel. Our approach is designed for static, medical data with both volumetric and surface‐like structures. It achieves good‐quality volumetric Monte‐Carlo renderings with only little noise, and is also usable in a VR context.
Multicenter database registry for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Japan Endoscopic Database Project
Authors: Kato Masayuki , Tanaka Kiyohito , Kida Mitsuhiro , Ryozawa Shomei , Matsuda Koji , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Saito Yutaka , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Oda Ichiro , Katada Chikatoshi , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Hoteya Shu , Horimatsu Takahiro , Kodashima Shinya , Matsuda Takahisa , Muto Manabu , Yamamoto Hironori , Iwakiri Ryuichi , Kutsumi Hiromu , Miyata Hiroaki , Kato Mototsugu , Haruma Ken , Fujimoto Kazuma , Uemura Naomi , Kaminishi Michio , Tajiri Hisao 
Published: July 2019

Background and AimFew studies have reported on a national, population‐based endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database. Hence, in 2015, we established a multicenter ERCP database registry, the Japan Endoscopic Database (JED) Project in preparation for a nationwide endoscopic database. The objective the present study was to evaluate this registry before the establishment of a nationwide endoscopic database.MethodsFrom 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2017, we collected and analyzed the ERCP data of all patients who underwent ERCP in four participating centers in the JED Project based on the JED protocol.ResultsFour centers carried out 4104 ERCP on 2173 patients. Data entry of ERCP information (age, 100%; gender, 100%; American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System, 74.5%; scope, 92.7%; time to ERCP, 100%; antithrombotic drug information, 55.0%; primary selective common bile duct [CBD] cannulation methods, 73.0%; number of attempts at primary selective CBD cannulation, 67.6%; overall selective CBD cannulation methods, 68.9%; ERCP procedure time, 66.3%; fluoroscopy time, 65.1%; adverse events, 74.9%; serum amylase levels 1 day post‐ERCP, 36.5%) was accurately extracted from the four centers. Success rate of CBD cannulation by level of ERCP difficulty was 98.5%, 99.0%, and 96.4% in grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Complication rate by overall selective CBD cannulation method was 5.6%, 7.6%, and 10.5% in the contrast‐assisted technique, guidewire‐assisted technique, and cross‐over method, respectively.ConclusionData from this evaluation of the JED Project, a multicenter ERCP database registry, suggest the feasibility of establishing a nationwide ERCP database and its challenges.
Features of chronic pancreatitis by endoscopic ultrasound influence the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of small pancreatic lesions
Authors: Kurita Yusuke , Kuwahara Takamichi , Hara Kazuo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Okuno Nozomi , Matsumoto Shimpei , Obata Masahiro , Koda Hiroki , Tajika Masahiro , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Nakajima Atsushi , Kubota Kensuke , Niwa Yasumasa 
Published: July 2019

Background and AimIn chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients, diagnosis of small pancreatic lesions by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is challenging. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether CP influences the diagnostic ability of EUS‐FNA for pancreatic lesions ≤10 mm.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen patients who underwent EUS‐FNA for pancreatic lesions ≤10 mm in size were enrolled. Patients were classified into two groups based on features of CP observed by EUS (EUS‐CP features) in accordance with the Rosemont classification. The CP group was defined as cases consistent with CP or suggestive of CP, and the non‐CP group was defined as cases indeterminate for CP or normal. Factors influencing the diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐FNA and CP status in pancreatic tumors were also investigated.ResultsDiagnostic ability of EUS‐FNA (overall cases, non‐CP vs CP) had sensitivity (80.4%, 96.7% vs 57.1%; P < 0.001), specificity (100%, 100% vs 100%; P > 0.05), and accuracy (91.5%, 98.6% vs 80.4%; P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis of factors influencing the accuracy of EUS‐FNA, CP significantly lowered the accuracy (P = 0.048; odds ratio [OR] = 9.21). Among pancreatic cancer patients, the number of CP patients was significantly higher than the number of patients with benign lesions (P = 0.023). In multivariate analysis, lobularity without honeycombing was more frequently observed in cases of pancreatic cancer (P = 0.018; OR, 12.65).ConclusionEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided FNA offers high accuracy for small pancreatic lesions ≤10 mm. However, in cases with CP, the diagnostic ability of EUS‐FNA is significantly reduced.
Everyone in school: The effects of compulsory schooling age on drop‐out and completion rates
Authors: Raimondi Erica , Vergolini Loris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article analyses the effect of the Berlinguer reform that was introduced in Italy in 1999 and increased compulsory schooling from eight to nine years. Hence, students had to attend school until the age of 15 instead of 14 that was required at the time and therefore to attend at least one year of upper secondary school (for pupils with a regular career). Using data from the Labour Force Surveys (1993–2010) and applying counterfactual time series and segmented regressions, we evaluate the effect of the reform on attendance and graduation rates. The results show that prolonging compulsory education encouraged a larger share of 16‐year‐olds to stay in school, especially those who were judged more at risk with less educated parents and with parents with a low occupational status. However, at age 17, part of the effect had already vanished and no effect was found on graduation rates. The compulsory schooling policy may have been more effective in adjusting the legislation to already existing student behaviour than in producing relevant changes in educational decisions.
The Future of Multilateral Ecumenical Dialogue
Authors: Heller Dagmar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article offers an overview of work undertaken in multilateral ecumenical dialogue, as it has been conducted at the international level by the commission on Faith and Order of the World Council of Churches (WCC), to clarify the issues discussed in this dialogue and the methods used. In particular, the article analyzes the statements on unity made at various WCC assemblies. While they demonstrate a certain continuity regarding the key points of church unity they identify, they clearly mark a shift in the overall understanding of how unity is conceived. The second part of the article examines the current ecumenical situation and its importance for this dialogue, to show how Faith and Order has responded and what further progress in multilateral dialogue might look like.
The Peace Work and Witness of the Churches in the German Democratic Republic and the World Disorder of the 21st Century
Authors: Garstecki Joachim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article is an edited translation of an address given in Erfurt, Germany, on 12 May 2019, to celebrate the 90th birthday of Heino Falcke, dean (provost) of Erfurt from 1973 until his retirement in 1994. Falcke, who was also a member of the working group on Church and Society of the World Council of Churches, played a central role in developing the theological and ethical response of Protestant churches in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to the threats to peace in a nuclear age. This was expressed in the “renunciation of the spirt, logic, and practice of deterrence.” This article seeks to set out the insights from the peace work and witness of the churches in the GDR against the background of the “world disorder of the 21st century.”