bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing adaptive test strategies from temporal logic specifications
Authors: Bloem Roderick , Fey Goerschwin , Greif Fabian , Könighofer Robert , Pill Ingo , Riener Heinz , Röck Franz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConstructing good test cases is difficult and time-consuming, especially if the system under test is still under development and its exact behavior is not yet fixed. We propose a new approach to compute test strategies for reactive systems from a given temporal logic specification using formal methods. The computed strategies are guaranteed to reveal certain simple faults ineveryrealization of the specification and foreverybehavior of the uncontrollable part of the system’s environment. The proposed approach supports different assumptions on occurrences of faults (ranging from a single transient fault to a persistent fault) and by default aims at unveiling the weakest one. We argue that such tests are also sensitive for more complex bugs. Since the specification may not define the system behavior completely, we use reactive synthesis algorithms with partial information. The computed strategies areadaptive test strategiesthat react to behavior at runtime. We work out the underlying theory of adaptive test strategy synthesis and present experiments for a safety-critical component of a real-world satellite system. We demonstrate that our approach can be applied to industrial specifications and that the synthesized test strategies are capable of detecting bugs that are hard to detect with random testing.
The Dawn of Dust Astronomy
Authors: Grün Eberhard , Krüger Harald , Srama Ralf 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe review the development of dust science from the first ground-based astronomical observations of dust in space to compositional analysis of individual dust particles and their source objects. A multitude of observational techniques is available for the scientific study of space dust: from meteors and interplanetary dust particles collected in the upper atmosphere to dust analyzed in situ or returned to Earth. In situ dust detectors have been developed from simple dust impact detectors determining the dust hazard in Earth orbit to dust telescopes capable of providing compositional analysis and accurate trajectory determination of individual dust particles in space. The concept of Dust Astronomy has been developed, recognizing that dust particles, like photons, carry information from remote sites in space and time. From knowledge of the dust particles’ birthplace and their bulk properties, we learn about the remote environment out of which the particles were formed. Dust Observatory missions like Cassini, Stardust, and Rosetta study Saturn’s satellites and rings and the dust environments of comet Wild 2 and comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, respectively. Supplemented by simulations of dusty processes in the laboratory we are beginning to understand the dusty environments in space.
Kinetic and equilibrium studies of biosorption of M(II) (M = Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cd) onto seaweed Posidonia oceanica fibers
Authors: Boulaiche Wassila , Belhamdi Badreddine , Hamdi Boualem , Trari Mohamed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work reports the application ofPosidonia oceanicafor the elimination of heavy metals M(II) (M = Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb) by biosorption in batch system. The effect of the contact time, initial M concentration, pH and temperature was considered. The kinetic and equilibrium models for the M-biosorption were tested namely the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms models have also been used to fit equilibrium adsorption data. The adsorption kinetics follow a pseudo-second-order model for all studied systems, and the equilibrium data are suitably fitted by the above models. The amount of adsorbed metals by biosorption is 48.33, 43.9, 41.02, 37.90 and 30.22 mg/g for Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the metal biosorption is spontaneous with an endothermic nature.
Characterising heterogeneity in the use of different cannabis products: latent class analysis with 55 000 people who use cannabis and associations with severity of cannabis dependence
Authors: Craft Sam , Winstock Adam , Ferris Jason , Mackie Clare , Lynskey Michael T. , Freeman Tom P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs new cannabis products and administration methods proliferate, patterns of use are becoming increasingly heterogeneous. However, few studies have explored different profiles of cannabis use and their association with problematic use.MethodsLatent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of past-year cannabis users endorsing distinct patterns of use from a large international sample (n = 55 240). Past-12-months use of six different cannabis types (sinsemilla, herbal, hashish, concentrates, kief, edibles) were used as latent class indicators. Participants also reported the frequency and amount of cannabis used, whether they had ever received a mental health disorder diagnosis and their cannabis dependence severity via the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS).ResultsLCA identified seven distinct classes of cannabis use, characterised by high probabilities of using: sinsemilla & herbal (30.3% of the sample); sinsemilla, herbal & hashish (20.4%); herbal (18.4%); hashish & herbal (18.8%); all types (5.7%); edibles & herbal (4.6%) and concentrates & sinsemilla (1.7%). Relative to the herbal class, classes characterised by sinsemilla and/or hashish use had increased dependence severity. By contrast, the classes characterised by concentrates use did not show strong associations with cannabis dependence but reported greater rates of ever receiving a mental health disorder diagnosis.ConclusionsThe identification of these distinct classes underscores heterogeneity among cannabis use behaviours and provides novel insight into their different associations with addiction and mental health.
THE HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF BLACK CITIZENSHIP
Authors: Rigueur Leah Wright , Beshlian Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper offers a broad overview of Black citizenship within the United States, concentrating on the major shifts in Black life that have transpired since the classical phase of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. We examine several critical aspects of Black citizenship including economic status, education, criminal justice and mass incarceration, and political participation. Our report reveals that Black progress toward equal citizenship is inconsistent at best; at worst, it is stagnant and at times, regressive. As such, we conclude that dramatic solutions beyond traditional reformist approaches are needed in order to realize genuine citizenship and equal rights for Black people within the United States. In closing, we briefly highlight a specific example of a strategic approach to advancing substantive social and political change.
The Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry of Virginia Commonwealth University
Authors: Lilley Emily C. H. , Morris Anne-Taylor , Silberg Judy L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry (MATR) is a population-based registry of more than 60,000 twins primarily born or living in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Researchers may utilize the MATR for administration of research services, including study recruitment, data or sample (e.g., DNA) collection, archival dataset creation, as well as data collection through mailed, phone or online surveys. In addition, the MATR houses the MATR Repository, with over 1700 DNA samples primarily from whole blood available for researchers interested in DNA genotyping. For over 40 years MATR twins have participated in research studies with investigators from a range of scientific disciplines and institutions. These studies, which have resulted in numerous publications, explored diverse topics, including substance use, smoking behaviors, developmental psychopathology, bullying, children’s health, cardiovascular disease, cancer, the human microbiome, epigenetics of aging, children of twins and sleep homeostasis. Researchers interested in utilizing twins are encouraged to contact the MATR to discuss potential research opportunities.
Constraints on Fe‐Oxide Formation in Monsoonal Vertisols of Pliocene Kenya Using Rock Magnetism and Spectroscopy
Authors: Lepre Christopher J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPliocene Vertisols from the Turkana Basin of northwest Kenya (~4°N latitude) have been examined using isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) experiments, susceptibility measurements, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The complete vertical profile of each paleosol is almost intact, measuring >2 m in thickness and being strongly magnetic (IRM at 1.0T ranges from 4 to 25 × 10−3 Am2/kg). Downprofile changes to the proxy indicators suggest uninterrupted pedodevelopment and a lack of stratigraphic inversions caused by argilli‐pedoturbation. Magnetic minerals consist of hematite to a lesser degree, and pedogenic ferrimagnets derived from moisture cycles that were controlled by monsoonal rainfall. Basal pedogenic zones of the paleosols are magnetically intense, and preserve the greatest slickenside development indicating pronounced seasonal wetting and drying. These observations indicate a deeper dry season water table as compared to poorly drained temperate/tropical Vertisols, which suffer reductive dissolution of Fe oxides in basal pedogenic horizons associated with weak magnetic intensities. Magnetic susceptibilities and the well‐represented presence of fine pedogenic ferrimagnets suggest that Pliocene rainfall was greater than the local modern rate of 200 mm/year and may have been within the range of 500–1,000 mm/year. The study highlights the need to expand the database on Vertisols Fe oxides and magnetism, especially considering the anomalously dry and bimodal rainfall seasonality of East Africa.
MicroRNA-802 induces hepatitis B virus replication and replication through regulating SMARCE1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Cao Jingmei , Zhang Shiyun , Sun Lei , Nan Yi , Yao Hong , Fan Jian , Zhu Li Ying , Yu Lei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGrowing evidences have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate hepatitis B virus (HBV) expression and replication, playing crucial roles in the development of HBV infection. Until now, the functional role and mechanism of miR-802 in HBV replication and expression remain unknown. We indicated that miR-802 expression was upregulated in the HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous samples. In addition, we showed that the SMARCE1 expression level was downregulated in the HBV-associated HCC tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous samples. miR-802 expression was negatively related with MARCE1 expression in HBV-associated HCC tissues. Moreover, miR-802 expression was upregulated, and SMARCE1 expression was downregulated in the HBV-infected HepG2.2.15 cells. Ectopic expression of miR-802 significantly enhanced HBV DNA replication, while knockdown of miR-802 significantly decreased HBV DNA replication. We showed that overexpression of miR-802 promoted HbsAg and HbeAg expression, while inhibition of miR-802 decreased HbsAg and HbeAg expression. Furthermore, we indicated that ectopic expression of SMARCE1 suppressed HBV DNA replication and decreased the expression level of HbsAg and HbeAg. Finally, we showed that overexpression of miR-802 promoted HBV DNA replication through regulating SMARCE1 expression. These results suggested the important roles of miR-802 on HBV expression and replication, which may shed new light on the development of treatment for HBV.
Redirecting the immune response towards immunoprotective domains of a DNABII protein resolves experimental otitis media
Authors: Novotny L. A. , Goodman S. D. , Bakaletz L. O. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe chronicity and recurrence of many bacterial diseases is largely attributable to the presence of a biofilm, and eradication of these structures is confounded by an extracellular DNA-rich matrix. DNABII proteins, including integration host factor (IHF), are critical components of the matrix formed by all human pathogens tested to date. Whereas the natural adaptive immune response to IHF is against non-protective epitopes within the carboxyl-terminal region, antibodies against the DNA-binding “tips” induce biofilm collapse. We designed a “tip-chimer” immunogen to mimic the DNA-binding regions within the α-subunit and β-subunit of IHF from nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(IHFNTHi). Re-direction of the natural adaptive immune response toward immunoprotective domains disrupted NTHi biofilms in vitro and in an experimental model of otitis media. Our data support the rational design of a powerful therapeutic approach, and also that of a DNABII-directed vaccine antigen that would avoid augmentation of any pre-existing natural, but nonprotective, immune response.
Rare human mitochondrial HV lineages spread from the Near East and Caucasus during post-LGM and Neolithic expansions
Authors: Shamoon-Pour Michel , Li Mian , Merriwether D. Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOf particular significance to human population history in Eurasia are the migratory events that connected the Near East to Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Utilizing 315 HV*(xH,V) mitogenomes, including 27 contemporary lineages first reported here, we found the genetic signatures for distinctive movements out of the Near East and South Caucasus both westward into Europe and eastward into South Asia. The parallel phylogeographies of rare, yet widely distributed HV*(xH,V) subclades reveal a connection between the Italian Peninsula and South Caucasus, resulting from at least two (post-LGM, Neolithic) waves of migration. Many of these subclades originated in a population ancestral to contemporary Armenians and Assyrians. One such subclade, HV1b-152, supports a postexilic, northern Mesopotamian origin for the Ashkenazi HV1b2 lineages. In agreement with ancient DNA findings, our phylogenetic analysis of HV12 and HV14, the two exclusively Asian subclades of HV*(xH,V), point to the migration of lineages originating in Iran to South Asia before and during the Neolithic period. With HV12 being one of the oldest HV subclades, our results support an origin of HV haplogroup in the region defined by Western Iran, Mesopotamia, and the South Caucasus, where the highest prevalence of HV has been found.
High Throughput Experimentation Using DESI-MS to Guide Continuous-Flow Synthesis
Authors: Loren Bradley P. , Ewan H. Samuel , Avramova Larisa , Ferreira Christina R. , Sobreira Tiago J. P. , Yammine Kathryn , Liao Huiying , Cooks R. Graham , Thompson David H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate the use of accelerated reactions with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) as a tool for predicting the outcome of microfluidic reactions. DESI-MS was employed as a high throughput experimentation tool to provide qualitative predictions of reaction outcomes, so that vast regions of chemical reactivity space may be more rapidly explored and areas of optimal efficiency identified. This work is part of a larger effort to accelerate reaction optimization to enable the rapid development of continuous-flow syntheses of small molecules in high yield. In order to build confidence in this approach, however, it is necessary to establish a robust predictive connection between reactions performed under analogous DESI-MS, batch, and microfluidic reaction conditions. In the present work, we explore the potential of high throughput DESI-MS experiments to identify trends in reactivity based on chemical structure, solvent, temperature, and stoichiometry that are consistent across these platforms. N-alkylation reactions were used as the test case due to their ease of reactant and product detection by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and their great importance in API synthesis. While DESI-MS narrowed the scope of possibilities for reaction selection among some parameters such as solvent, others like stoichiometry and temperature still required further optimization under continuous synthesis conditions. DESI-MS high throughput experimentation (HTE) reaction evaluation significantly reduced the search space for flow chemistry optimization, thus representing a significant savings in time and materials to achieve a desired transformation with high efficiency.
The behavior of ozone on different iron oxides surface sites in water
Authors: Yan Liqiang , Bing Jishuai , Wu Hecheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA transformation process of ozone on different iron oxides suspensions, including α-Fe2O3, α-FeOOH, Fe3O4, was carried out using FTIR of adsorbed pyridine, ATR-FTIR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra with isotope 18O3. It was verified that on the surface isolated hydroxyl groups and the surface hydroxyl groups without acid sites of these iron oxides, ozone was electrostatically adsorbed and did not interact with the surface of these oxides, stably existed as ozone molecule. In contrast, ozone could replace the surface hydroxyl groups on Lewis acid sites of oxides, and directly interacted with the surface metal ions, decomposing into reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiating the surface metal redox. The results indicate that Lewis acid sites were active center while the electronic cycle of the Fe2+/Fe3+ is advantageous to promote ozone decomposition into O2•− and •OH radicals. The mechanism of catalytic ozonation in different surface acid sites of iron oxides aqueous suspension was proposed on the basis of all experimental information.
Design, fabrication, and optical characterization of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on porous silicon assisted by in-situ photoacoustics
Authors: Ramirez-Gutierrez Cristian Felipe , Martinez-Hernandez Harol David , Lujan-Cabrera Ivan Alonso , Rodriguez-García Mario Enrique 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a methodology to fabricate one-dimensional porous silicon (PSi) photonic crystals in the visible range by controlled etching and monitored by photoacoustics. Photoacoustic can record in-situ information about changes in the optical path and chemical reaction as well as in temperature, refractive index, and roughness during porous layers formation. Radiometry imaging can determine the carrier distribution of c-Si substrate that is a fundamental parameter to obtain high-quality PSi films. An electrochemical cell was calibrated through a series of single PSi layers that allows knowing the PA amplitude period, porosity, and roughness as a function of the current density. Optical properties of single layers were determined using the reflectance response in the UV-Vis range to solve the inverse problem through genetic algorithms. PhC structures were designed using the transfer matrix method and effective media approximation.Based on the growth kinetics of PSi single layers, those structures were fabricated by electrochemical etching monitored and controlled by in-situ photoacoustics.
Adsorption of Surface Active Ionic Liquids on Different Rock Types under High Salinity Conditions
Authors: Nandwani Shilpa Kulbhushan , Chakraborty Mousumi , Gupta Smita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new class of surface active ionic liquids (SAIL) have been reported to be a greener alternative to the conventional surfactants in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). These SAILs work efficiently under harsh salinity conditions encountered in the reservoir thereby recovering more additional oil during the tertiary oil recovery process. Adsorption mechanism of SAILs on different rock surface is however, not yet reported in the literature. This article highlights adsorption mechanism of three cationic SAILs having different headgroups, viz., imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, on different rock surfaces (crushed natural carbonate rock and crushed sandstone rock). All the SAILs studied here however had the same tail length and same anion (Br−) attached to it. XRD and XPS characterization techniques reveal that the crushed natural carbonate rock contains a substantial amount of silica, thus rendering it a slight negative charge. Static adsorption tests show that the retention efficiency on the natural carbonate type of rock for all the SAILs was lower than the conventional cationic surfactant, CTAB. The adsorption data obtained thereby was examined using four different adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Sips). Results suggest that Sips adsorption isotherm model can satisfactorily estimate the adsorption of all the surface active agents on the natural carbonate rock. Factors like mineralogical composition of rock surface, presence of divalents, temperature, and structure of surfactants strongly affect the amount of surfactant adsorbed on reservoir rock. In order to evaluate the simultaneous effect all these factors as well as their interdependence on the retention capability of the three SAILs, a design of experiments approach has been employed further in this study. Statistical analysis of the data obtained after performing the full factorial experiments reveal that at high salinity, imidazoluim based SAIL show minimal adsorption on crushed natural carbonate rock at higher temperature. In general, at a given ionic strength, with increasing temperature as the amount of divalent in the aqueous solution increases, the amount of SAIL adsorbed on both the rock types decreases. Electrostatic attraction is the basic mechanism in governing adsorption of SAILs on the two types of rock surfaces. Results presented in this work can be used for EOR schemes.
Desialylation by Edwardsiella tarda is the initial step in the regulation of its invasiveness
Authors: Vo Linh Khanh , Tsuzuki Toshiharu , Kamada-Futagami Yuko , Chigwechokha Petros Kingstone , Honda Akinobu , Oishi Kazuki , Komatsu Masaharu , Shiozaki Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium causing significant economic losses to aquaculture. E. tarda possesses NanA sialidase which removes sialic acids from α2–3 sialo-glycoprotein of host cells. However, the relationship between NanA sialidase activity and E. tarda invasiveness remains poorly understood. Furthermore, the pathway of sialic acid metabolism in E. tarda remains to be elucidated. We studied sialidase activity in several E. tarda strains and found that the pathogenic strains exhibited higher sialidase activity and greater up-regulation of the NanA mRNA level than non-pathogenic strain. Pathogenic strains also showed higher rates of infection in GAKS cells, and the infection was drastically suppressed by sialidase inhibitor. Additionally, NanA gene overexpression significantly increased infection and treatment of E. tarda with free sialic acid enhanced the rate of infection in GAKS cells. Sialic acid treatment enhanced mRNA levels of two N-acetylneuraminate lyases and one N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase. E. tarda uses sialic acid as a carbon source for growth via N-acetylneuraminate lyases. The strains with high N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase level showed greater sialylation of the lipopolysaccharides and glycoproteins. Our study establishes the significance of desialylation by E. tarda sialidase in the regulation of its invasiveness.