bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of reported energy in food and beverages supplied to hospital patients
Authors: Chapman Claire E. , Irwin Christopher , Hopper Zane , Desbrow Ben 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderprovision of food energy within the hospital environment can negatively affect clinical outcomes. Hence, the supply of hospital foods/beverages and the ability to assess their calorie provision is critical. The aim of this study was to directly measure the energy density of foods/beverages supplied to patients by Gold Coast University Hospital (GCUH) foodservice and compare these to caloric values established from nutrition information panels (NIPs) on product packaging.MethodsBomb calorimetry was used to determine the gross energy density of 58 food/beverage items (~47% of total menu) using standardised procedures. Food items included those from the general menu, in addition to therapeutic menu items. Equivalence between directly measured values and those derived from NIPs was determined by comparing the measured mean and ±90% confidence interval (CI) against two pre‐defined equivalence bounds (i.e., ±10% NIP value [consensus criteria] and ±20% NIP value [United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) criteria]). Caloric values from NIPs were considered equivalent to measured values when the 90% CI of the measured values fell within these thresholds.ResultsOverall, 34 (59%) and 19 (33%) items had measured energy density values not equivalent to those from product NIPs according to the consensus and US FDA thresholds, respectively. When employing the US FDA criteria, 12 (21%) items contained a higher calorie density than that established from the label, while seven (12%) items were lower. While non‐equivalent items were identified across all therapeutic menus, food labels from items exclusively prepared for the smooth‐pureed menu were particularly inaccurate (~60% non‐equivalency).ConclusionThis study found a discrepancy between energy density that was directly measured and that derived from manufacturers' NIPs for many foods and beverages supplied via a hospital foodservice. Given the importance of accurate energy provision for hospitalised patients, this level of inaccuracy is concerning and may warrant a revision of food labelling procedures for items supplied in hospital settings.
Divergent Population Structure in Five Common Rockfish Species of Puget Sound, WA Suggests the Need for Species‐Specific Management
Authors: Wray Anita , Petrou Eleni , Nichols Krista M. , Pacunski Robert , LeClair Larry , Andrews Kelly S. , Haggarty Dana , Hauser Lorenz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTQuantifying connectivity between endangered or threatened marine populations is critical information for management and conservation, especially where abundance and productivity differ among such populations. Spatial patterns of such connectivity depend not only on extrinsic factors such as oceanography and bathymetry but also on intrinsic species‐specific factors such as life history, demography and the location of glacial refugia. Nevertheless, population structure is often inferred from related or ecologically similar species. For example, the population structure in most rockfish species (Sebastes spp.) in the Salish Sea and the US West Coast is currently inferred from genetic data of three species that are known to hybridise in Puget Sound. Here, we determined the population structure and connectivity in five Puget Sound Rockfish species (Black [Sebastes melanops], Yellowtail [S. flavidus], Redstripe [S. proriger], Greenstriped [S. elongatus], and Puget Sound Rockfish [S. emphaeus]) from over 12,000 restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) loci. We found species‐specific patterns of genetic differentiation, attributable to both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Specifically, Black and Puget Sound rockfishes showed no genetic differentiation; Yellowtail and Greenstriped rockfishes were structured according to known geographic barriers; and Redstripe Rockfish revealed evidence for temporal genetic differentiation, suggesting irregular recruitment influences population structure. Only Yellowtail Rockfish followed the federal DPS boundaries generally assumed for rockfish, further emphasizing the importance of species‐specific management for the effective recovery and management of these rockfish populations and of marine species in general.
Evaluation of a Novel Smart Capsule Bacterial Detection System Device for Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Authors: Lee Shaoying Nikki , Rahimian Pejman , Stork Cheryl , Moshiree Baharak , Jones Mitchell , Chuang Emil , Wahl Chris , Singh Sharat , Rao Satish S. C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a large unmet need for alternative, non‐invasive, and accurate diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The smart capsule bacterial detection system (SCBDS) device contains a targeted sampling technology and an onboard SCBDS assay to detect metabolically active bacteria in the small intestine. Here, we evaluated the agreement of SCBDS assay with duodenal aspiration/culture ex vivo in a multicenter clinical study.MethodsDuodenal aspiration was performed in subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of SIBO. Aspirated fluid was sent to local and central microbiology labs to evaluate the agreement for detecting bacteria with SCBDS assay compared to the total bacterial count (TBC) reference standard. The performance of SCBDS assay was evaluated using a receiver operator curve, sensitivities, and specificities.Key ResultsAspirates from 66 patients were collected and analyzed for TBC and SCDBS assay. The overall agreement between the two assays was 82%–92% across 3 clinical sites. The SCBDS assay had a sensitivity of 67%–100% and a specificity of 90%–97% using either ≥ 103 or 105 CFU mL−1 cutoff. Additionally, there was a good correlation (r = 0.82) for the TBC culture between the local and central labs.Conclusions and InferencesThe SCBDS assay showed a high level of agreement with TBC and improved performance compared to other non‐invasive tests. These results demonstrate the potential utility of SCBDS device to aid SIBO diagnosis as a simple and non‐invasive tool that merits further clinical validation.
Ecuador Mama Llaktapi Wamprakunapak Muskuykuna, Ayllullaktakuna, Kaya Mincha Runakunapash
Authors: Tuaza Castro Luis Alberto , Colloredo‐Mansfeld Rudi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractShinapash, kunan punchakunaka, ayllullaktakunapak tantarikunaka wakllirishkami kan, runakunapash ña mana tantanakusha ninkunachu. Llaktakuna, allpapi llankaykunapash urmakunmi, runakunapash karu hatun llaktakunamanmi rikunkuna, runa kawsay, rimaypash chinkarikunmi, runakunapak hatun tantanakuykunapash rakirikunmi, ayllullaktakunapi pachakamakpak shutipi tantanakuykunapash ashayakunkunami. Kay killkapika, runakunapak kawsaymanta shuktak rikuykunatami rikuchisha ninchik. Ishki waranka, ishki chunka watamanta Ecuador, Chimborazo, Imbabura markakunamanta runa wamprakunapak muskuykunata rikuchinkapakmi llankaykunata killkashpa shamushkanchik. Kay llankaykunata rurankapakka, runa wamprakuna llankaymanta, yachaykunamanta, runa kawsaymanta imata yuyakushkamantapashmi paykunawan rimanakushpa shamushkanchik. Mushuk yuyaykunata rikuchinkapakka, ayllullaktakunapi llankaymantaka ishkay rikuykunatami rikuchinchik: ayllullaktakunata pushakkunaka kallarimanta alli kawsayta mashkankapakka, mana paykunapak ayllullakta ukullata rikurkakunachu, ashtawanpash mamallaktapi kamachik ukukunapi, karu tantanakuykunata, shuktak mama llaktakunapi kak hatun iglesiakunapak yanapaykunatapashmi mashkarkakuna. Chashnami, paykunapak alli kawsaypak munaykunataka tukuykuna rikuchun churarkakuna. Shinallatak, kunan punchakunakamami ayllullakta tantanakuykunaka sinchi kan, runakunapak kamachita sinchi kashkata rikuchin, imashina mushuk llankaykuna rikurishkata, ima shina tukuy laya ayllullaktakunapi kullki rikurichun mushuk llankaykuna tiyashkatapashmi rikuchin.
PhAN2 regulated Ph3GT silencing changes the flower color and anthocyanin content in petunias
Authors: Yang Wenjie , Yao Yi , Deng Wenqi , Li Xin , Cao Jiahao , Li Jieni , Yang Weiyuan , Yu Yixun , Liu Juanxu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants. After the formation of anthocyanidins, Flavonoid 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase (3GT) mediated glycosylation first occurs at the C‐3 site, forming a stable anthocyanin 3‐O‐glucoside. Several studies have investigated the function of 3GT using biochemical methods. However, it is necessary to provide further genetic evidence for the role of Ph3GT in petunia (Petunia hybrida). In addition, there is no information regarding the subcellular localization of Ph3GT and the regulation of transcription factors on Ph3GT. In this study, the full‐length Ph3GT gene from petunia (Petunia hybrida) was isolated. We found that Ph3GT is localized in the cytoplasm. Ph3GT exhibited high expression levels in the corollas during the coloring period of petunia flowers. VIGS‐mediated Ph3GT silencing resulted in a lighter corolla color and a significant decrease in the anthocyanin content in six petunia cultivars. The silencing of Ph3GT affected the expression levels of eight key genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Additionally, dual luciferase and yeast one‐hybrid assays showed that R2R3‐MYB transcription factor PhAN2 directly regulates the transcript of Ph3GT.
A multiomics investigation into the evolution and specialized metabolisms of three Toxicodendron cultivars
Authors: Zong Dan , Xu Yan , Zhang Xiaolin , Gan Peihua , Wang Hongli , Chen Xiayi , Liang Hongping , Zhou Jintao , Lu Yu , Li Peiling , Ma Shaojie , Yu Jinde , Jiang Tao , Liao Shengxi , Ren Meirong , Li Linzhou , Liu Huan , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Li Laigeng , Wang Sibo , He Chengzhong 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYToxicodendron species are economically and medicinally important trees because of their rich sources of natural products. We present three chromosome‐level genome assemblies of Toxicodendron vernicifluum ‘Dali’, Toxicodendron succedaneum ‘Vietnam’, and T. succedaneum ‘Japan’, which display diverse production capacities of specialized metabolites. Genome synteny and structural variation analyses revealed large genomic differences between the two species (T. vernicifluum and T. succedaneum) but fewer differences between the two cultivars within the species. Despite no occurrence of recent whole‐genome duplications, Toxicodendron showed evidence of local duplications. The genomic modules with high expression of genes encoding metabolic flux regulators and chalcone synthase‐like enzymes were identified via multiomics analyses, which may be responsible for the greater urushiol accumulation in T. vernicifluum ‘Dali’ than in other Toxicodendron species. In addition, our analyses revealed the regulatory patterns of lipid metabolism in T. succedaneum ‘Japan’, which differ from those of other Toxicodendron species and may contribute to its high lipid accumulation. Furthermore, we identified the key regulatory elements of lipid metabolism at each developmental stage, which could aid in molecular breeding to improve the production of urushiol and lipids in Toxicodendron species. In summary, this study provides new insights into the genomic underpinnings of the evolution and diversity of specialized metabolic pathways in three Toxicodendron cultivars through multiomics studies.
LncRNA81246 regulates resistance against tea leaf spot by interrupting the miR164d‐mediated degradation of NAC1
Authors: Guo Di , Li Dongxue , Liu Fenghua , Ma Yue , Zhou Jing‐Jiang , Sheth Sujitraj , Song Baoan , Chen Zhuo 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYNon‐coding RNAs play crucial roles in plant responses to viral stresses. However, their molecular mechanisms in tea leaf spot responses remain unclear. In this study, using Camellia sinensis, we identified lncRNA81246 as a long non‐coding RNA that localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. It functions as a competitive endogenous RNA, thereby disrupting CsNAC1 (encoding NAC domain‐containing protein 1) degradation mediated by miR164d. Silencing lncRNA81246 increased the resistance of tea plants to presistanceathogens, whereas transient lncRNA81246‐overexpression plants showed decreased resistance to pathogens. Co‐expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that lncRNA81246 affects the miR164d–CsNAC1 regulatory module. Transient miR164d‐overexpression and silencing assays demonstrated its positive regulation of tea plant resistance. Specifically, silencing its target, CsNAC1, enhanced disease resistance, whereas transient overexpression reduced plant resistance. Yeast one‐hybrid, dual‐luciferase, and RT‐qPCR assay results suggested that CsNAC1 alters the expression of CsEXLB1, whereas AsODN and tobacco transient overexpression assays showed that CsEXLB1 negatively regulated tea plant resistance. Thus, our research demonstrated that lncRNA81246 acts as a mediator to interfere with the miR164d–CsNAC1 regulatory module involved in the disease resistance of tea plants.
Rank‐expanding satellites, Whitehead doubles, and Heegaard Floer homology
Authors: Dai Irving , Hedden Matthew , Mallick Abhishek , Stoffregen Matthew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe show that a large class of satellite operators are rank‐expanding; that is, they map some rank‐one subgroup of the concordance group onto an infinite linearly independent set. Our work constitutes the first systematic study of this property in the literature and partially affirms a conjecture of the second author and Pinzón‐Caicedo. More generally, we establish a Floer‐theoretic condition for a family of companion knots to have infinite‐rank image under satellites from this class. The methods we use are amenable to patterns that act trivially in topological concordance and are capable of handling a surprisingly wide variety of companions. For instance, we give an infinite linearly independent family of Whitehead doubles whose companion knots all have negative ‐invariant. Our results also recover and extend several theorems in this area established using instanton Floer homology.
Brown and beige adipose tissue‐derived metabokine and lipokine inter‐organ signalling in health and disease
Authors: Malicka Anna , Ali Aysha , MacCannell Amanda D. V. , Roberts Lee D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdipose tissue has an established endocrine function through the secretion of adipokines. However, a role for bioactive metabolites and lipids, termed metabokines and lipokines, is emerging in adipose tissue‐mediated autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signalling and inter‐organ communication. Traditionally seen as passive entities, metabolites are now recognized for their active roles in regulating cellular signalling and local and systemic metabolism. Distinct from white adipose tissue, specific endocrine functions have been attributed to thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissues. Brown and beige adipose tissues have been identified as sources of metabokines and lipokines, which influence diverse metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid β‐oxidation, mitochondrial function and glucose homeostasis, across a range of tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and heart. This review explores the intricate signalling mechanisms of brown and beige adipose tissue‐derived metabokines and lipokines, emphasizing their roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and their potential dysregulation in metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways, proposing that precise modulation of metabokine receptors and transporters could offer superior specificity and efficacy in comparison to conventional approaches, such as β‐adrenergic signalling‐stimulated activation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Understanding the complex interactions between adipokines, metabokines and lipokines is essential for developing a systems‐level approach to new interventions for metabolic disorders, underscoring the need for continued research in this rapidly evolving field.
Mechanics of Peeling Adhesives From Soft Substrates: A Review
Authors: Xiang Yuhai , Hwang Dohgyu , Wan Grace , Niu Zhenbin , Ellison Christopher J. , Francis Lorraine F. , Calabrese Michelle A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Understanding peeling behavior in soft materials is integral to diverse applications, from tissue engineering, wound care, and drug delivery to electronics, automotive, and aerospace equipment. These applications often require either strong, permanent adhesion or moderate, temporary adhesion for ease of removal or transfer. Soft adhesives, especially when applied on soft substrates like elastomer-coated release liners, flexible packaging films, or human skin, present unique mechanical behaviors compared to adhesives applied on rigid substrates. This difference highlights the need to understand the influence of substrate rigidity on peeling mechanics. This review delves into both energy- and stress-based analyses, where a thin tape with an adhesive layer is modeled as a flexible beam. The energy analysis encompasses components like the energy associated with tape deformation, kinetic energy, and energy lost due to interfacial slippage. The stress analysis, on the other hand, focuses on structures with thin, deformable substrates. Substrates are categorized into two types: those undergoing smaller deformations, typical of thin soft release liners, and thicker deformable substrates experiencing significant deformations. For substrates with small deformations, the linear Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is applied to the tape in the bonded region. Conversely, for substrates experiencing significant deformations, large deflection theory is utilized. These theoretical approaches are then linked to several practical, industrially relevant applications. The discussion provides a strategic guide to selecting the appropriate peeling theory for a system, emphasizing its utility in comprehending peeling mechanisms and informing system design. The review concludes with prospective research avenues in this domain.
Mechanical Behavior and Failure Prediction of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Mechanical Abuse Using Data-Driven Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Xin-chun , Gu Li-rong , Yin Xiao-di , Huang Zi-xuan , Ci Tie-jun , Rao Li-xiang , Wang Qing-long , El-Rich Marwan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mechanical failure prediction of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can provide important maintenance information and decision-making reference in battery safety management. However, the complexity of the internal structure of batteries poses challenges to the generalizability and prediction accuracy of traditional mechanical models. In view of these challenges, emerging data-driven methods provide new ideas for the failure prediction of LIBs. This study is based on an experimental data-driven application of machine learning (ML) models to rapidly predict the mechanical behavior and failure of cylindrical cells under different loading conditions. Mechanical abuse experiments including local indentation, flat compression, and three-point bending experiments were conducted on cylindrical LIB samples, and mechanical failure datasets for cylindrical cells were generated, including displacements, voltages, temperatures, and mechanical forces. Six ML models were used to predict the mechanical behavior of cylindrical batteries, four metrics were used to evaluate the prediction performance, the coefficients of determination of eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) regression and random forest were 0.999, and the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) were lower than 0.015. It is shown that the integrated tree models tested in this study are suitable for the failure prediction of LIBs under the conditions of mechanical abuse. Also, the random forest prediction model outperforms other ML prediction models with the smallest RMSE values of 0.005, 0.0149, and 0.007 for local indentation, flat compression, and three-point bending, respectively. This work highlights the capability of ML algorithms for LIB safety prediction.
Design of an Underactuated, Flexure-Based Gripper, Actuated Through a Push–Pull Flexure
Authors: Dwarshuis Koen , de Jong Jan , Brouwer Dannis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The design of grippers for the agro-industry is challenging. To be cost-effective, the picked object should be moved around fast requiring a firm grip on the fruit of different hardnesses, shapes, and sizes without causing damage. This article presents a self-adaptive flexure-based gripper design optimized for high acceleration loads. A main novelty is that it is actuated through a push–pull flexure that is loaded in tension when the gripper closes, allowing it to handle high actuation forces without the risk of buckling. To create a robust gripper that can handle relatively high loads, flexures are used that are reinforced and have a thickness variation over the length. The optimal thickness distribution of these flexures is derived analytically to facilitate the design process. The derived principles are generally applicable to flexure hinges. The resulting advanced cartwheel flexure joint, as used in this gripper, has a 2.5 times higher support stiffness and a 1.5 times higher buckling load when compared to a conventional cartwheel joint of the same size and actuation stiffness. The PP-gripper is numerically optimized for a high pull-out force, using analytical design insights as a starting point. The gripper can grip circular objects with radii between 30 and 40 mm. The pull-out force is 21.4 N, with a maximum actuation force of 100 N. Good correspondence is found between the geometric design approach, the numerically optimized design, and the results of the experimental validation.
Analysis of the Film-Forming Characteristics of Water Lubrication Assisted by Small Amount of Secondary Lubricating Oil
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Liu Yao , Duan Wenbin , Jing Zhaogang , Guo Feng , Liang Peng , Ma Ling 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the film formation mechanism of lubrication using a small quantity of lubricating medium in a water environment. A roller-on-disc test rig combined with a fluorescent technique is employed to directly measure and observe the film formation behavior when a small amount of lubricating medium is introduced into the water. Additionally, a surface-modified disc is used to examine the impact of wettability gradients on the film-forming capability of the lubricating medium. The results indicate that the film thickness between the roller and the disc increases with the injection of two types of lubricating oils into the water at varying disc speeds, both for the original and modified discs. During the 10-second oil supply period, the spreading behavior of the lubricating oil on the lubricating track influences the film thickness stability. Furthermore, the surface-modified disc demonstrates an enhanced film thickness compared to the original disc, and viscosity becomes a key factor limiting the film-forming capability of the lubricating oil as the disc speed increases for both disc types. This research offers valuable insights for the design of new water-lubricated bearings.