bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping global human dependence on marine ecosystems
Authors: Selig Elizabeth R. , Hole David G. , Allison Edward H. , Arkema Katie K. , McKinnon Madeleine C. , Chu Jingjie , de Sherbinin Alex , Fisher Brendan , Glew Louise , Holland Margaret B. , Ingram Jane Carter , Rao Nalini S. , Russell Roly B. , Srebotnjak Tanja , Teh Lydia C.L. , Troëng Sebastian , Turner Will R. , Zvoleff Alexander 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany human populations are dependent on marine ecosystems for a range of benefits, but we understand little about where and to what degree people rely on these ecosystem services. We created a new conceptual model to map the degree of human dependence on marine ecosystems based on the magnitude of the benefit, susceptibility of people to a loss of that benefit, and the availability of alternatives. We focused on mapping nutritional, economic, and coastal protection dependence, but our model is repeatable, scalable, applicable to other ecosystems, and designed to incorporate additional services and data. Here we show that dependence was highest for Pacific and Indian Ocean island nations and several West African countries. More than 775 million people live in areas with relatively high dependence scores. By identifying where and how people are dependent on marine ecosystems, our framework can be used to design more effective large‐scale management and policy interventions.
A parent intervention with a growth mindset approach improves children's early gesture and vocabulary development
Authors: Rowe Meredith L. , Leech Kathryn A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSocioeconomic disparities in children's early vocabulary skills can be traced back to disparities in gesture use at age one and are due, in part, to the quantity and quality of communication children are exposed to by parents. Further, parents' mindsets about intelligence contribute to their interactions with their children. We implemented a parent gesture intervention with a growth mindset component with 47 parents of 10‐month‐olds to determine whether this approach would increase parents' use of the pointing gesture, infants' use of pointing, and child vocabulary growth. The intervention had an effect on parent gesture such that by child age 12‐months, parents who received the intervention increased in their pointing more than parents in the control condition. Importantly, the intervention also had a significant effect on child gesture use with parents. There was no main effect of the intervention on child vocabulary. Further, the effect of the intervention on pointing was stronger for parents who endorsed fixed mindsets at baseline, and had an added benefit of increased vocabulary growth from 10–18 months for children of those parents who endorsed fixed mindsets. Incorporating growth mindset approaches into parenting interventions is encouraged.
The sign of the new millennium. Organisational changes and job satisfaction at Spanish public universities
Authors: Olaskoaga‐Larrauri Jon , González‐Laskibar Xabier , Barrenetxea‐Ayesta Miren , Díaz‐De‐Basurto‐Uraga Pablo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article describes the ramifications that recent organisational changes in the Spanish higher education sector have had on levels of job satisfaction among teaching staff. The research gathered their opinions on recent changes affecting their teaching duties, using job satisfaction scales in different areas of their academic work. The results point to a large number who claim to have seen their job satisfaction diminish over the period in which the organisational changes have taken hold. This sense of loss of job satisfaction is positively and significantly related to growing standardisation and to the erosion of the principles of collegiality, but negatively to the initiatives for improving the coordination between teaching staff and the assessment of the quality of their work.
Evidence for spatial coherence in time trends of marine life history traits of Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic
Authors: Olmos Maxime , Massiot‐Granier Félix , Prévost Etienne , Chaput Gérald , Bradbury Ian R , Nevoux Marie , Rivot Etienne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA hierarchical Bayesian life cycle model is presented that considers spatial covariation of marine life history traits of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in the North Atlantic. The model is based on a collective analysis of the dynamics of 13 stock units (SUs) from two continental stock groups (CSGs) in North America and Southern Europe in a single hierarchical model over the period 1971–2014. The model sets up a new assessment framework for Atlantic salmon stocks. It also provides a framework to investigate the drivers of changes in Atlantic salmon population dynamics including disentangling the effects of fisheries from those of environmental factors in a hierarchy of spatial scales. It is used to test the hypothesis of a strong spatial synchrony in marine life history dynamics of Atlantic salmon populations. The trends in two key parameters associated with the early marine phase of the life cycle are estimated: (i) the marine survival during the first summer–autumn spent at sea and (ii) the proportion of fish maturing after the first winter at sea. The results provide evidence of a decline in the marine survival together with an increase in the proportion of fish that mature after the first winter at sea, common to all SUs. Our results show an increased coherence in the covariations of trends in these two marine life history traits related to geographic proximity of SUs which support the hypothesis of a coherent response of geographically proximate Atlantic salmon populations that likely share similar migration routes.
Examining forest resilience to changing fire frequency in a fire‐prone region of boreal forest
Authors: Hart Sarah J. , Henkelman Jonathan , McLoughlin Philip D. , Nielsen Scott E. , Truchon‐Savard Alexandre , Johnstone Jill F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFuture changes in climate are widely anticipated to increase fire frequency, particularly in boreal forests where extreme warming is expected to occur. Feedbacks between vegetation and fire may modify the direct effects of warming on fire activity and shape ecological responses to changing fire frequency. We investigate these interactions using extensive field data from the Boreal Shield of Saskatchewan, Canada, a region where >40% of the forest has burned in the past 30 years. We use geospatial and field data to assess the resistance and resilience of eight common vegetation states to frequent fire by quantifying the occurrence of short‐interval fires and their effect on recovery to a similar vegetation state. These empirical relationships are combined with data from published literature to parameterize a spatially explicit, state‐and‐transition simulation model of fire and forest succession. We use this model to ask if and how: (a) feedbacks between vegetation and wildfire may modify fire activity on the landscape, and (b) more frequent fire may affect landscape forest composition and age structure. Both field and GIS data suggest the probability of fire is low in the initial decades after fire, supporting the hypothesis that fuel accumulation may exert a negative feedback on fire frequency. Field observations of pre‐ and postfire composition indicate that switches in forest state are more likely in conifer stands that burn at a young age, supporting the hypothesis that resilience is lower in immature stands. Stands dominated by deciduous trees or jack pine were generally resilient to fire, while mixed conifer and well‐drained spruce forests were less resilient. However, simulation modeling suggests increased fire activity may result in large changes in forest age structure and composition, despite the feedbacks between vegetation–fire likely to occur with increased fire activity.
Divergent responses of Atlantic cod to ocean acidification and food limitation
Authors: Stiasny Martina H. , Sswat Michael , Mittermayer Felix H. , Falk‐Petersen Inger‐Britt , Schnell Nalani K. , Puvanendran Velmurugu , Mortensen Atle , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Clemmesen Catriona 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn order to understand the effect of global change on marine fishes, it is imperative to quantify the effects on fundamental parameters such as survival and growth. Larval survival and recruitment of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were found to be heavily impaired by end‐of‐century levels of ocean acidification. Here, we analysed larval growth among 35–36 days old surviving larvae, along with organ development and ossification of the skeleton. We combined CO2 treatments (ambient: 503 µatm, elevated: 1,179 µatm) with food availability in order to evaluate the effect of energy limitation in addition to the ocean acidification stressor. As expected, larval size (as a proxy for growth) and skeletogenesis were positively affected by high food availability. We found significant interactions between acidification and food availability. Larvae fed ad libitum showed little difference in growth and skeletogenesis due to the CO2 treatment. Larvae under energy limitation were significantly larger and had further developed skeletal structures in the elevated CO2 treatment compared to the ambient CO2 treatment. However, the elevated CO2 group revealed impairments in critically important organs, such as the liver, and had comparatively smaller functional gills indicating a mismatch between size and function. It is therefore likely that individual larvae that had survived acidification treatments will suffer from impairments later during ontogeny. Our study highlights important allocation trade‐off between growth and organ development, which is critically important to interpret acidification effects on early life stages of fish.
Aesthetic practices of psychogeography and photography
Authors: Arnold Emma 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPsychogeographic walking and urban photography as aesthetic practices are intuitive, sensory methods for exploring and capturing diverse facets of the city. Aesthetic practices are more than just sensory methods of exploration—they are also importantly connected to performing and making art. Using examples from a study on the aesthetic implications of zero tolerance policy against graffiti in Oslo, this paper considers what these methods reveal about the city. The paper argues that this methodology has potential for studying varied topics that might benefit from the unanticipated encounters that arise with psychogeography and the visual record produced with photography. Walking brings the researcher into contact with the materialities and rhythms of the city, allowing insight into its spatial and temporal variations. Encounters with these variations and materialities can reveal how urban space is used and by whom. The playful and artistic dimensions of these practices make them inductive and revelatory methods for studying the city. The paper concludes by suggesting that such practices encourage new ways of looking at the city and have potential for exploring the aesthetic politics of cities.
Superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor: report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Batur Sebnem , Ozcan Kerem , Ozcan Gamze , Tosun Ilkay , Comunoglu Nil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSuperficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a recently recognized, unique neoplasm with distinctive histomorphological features such as high pleomorphism, low mitotic rate, and diffuse CD34 reactivity. Hereby we present three cases of our experience with clinicopathological, morphological, and immunohistochemical characteristics. The patients were a 31‐year‐old female, 53‐year‐old female, and 33‐year‐old male. The tumors were all superficially located; left forearm, medial aspect of the left ankle, and left thigh, respectively. Histomorphologically they had expansile and focal infiltrative growth pattern consisting of highly pleomorphic spindle cells with intranuclear inclusions, yet low mitotic rate. Tumoral cells showed strong and diffuse reactivity for CD34. One of our cases showed focal and weak reactivity for pancytokeratin. Unlike the other two tumors, one case was positive for desmin. During the clinical follow‐up, one case showed local recurrence four times. SCPFT is a newly recognized, borderline mesenchymal neoplasm of soft tissues that can show local recurrence or even rarely metastasize. To the best of our knowledge, this three case series is the first to be reported from Turkey. Our aim to report these three cases was to make contribution to the literature about this rare entity and increase awareness.
A simple and effective method using macroporous resins for the simultaneous decoloration and deproteinisation of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides
Authors: He Bao‐Lin , Guo Li‐Qiong , Zheng Qian‐Wang , Lin Shuo‐Xin , Lin Jun‐Fang , Wei Tao , Ye Zhi‐Wei 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to develop an effective one‐step decoloration and deproteinisation method using macroporous resin for Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide (CMP) extraction. Performances of different resins were compared, and the structures and bioactivities of CMP recovered using this one‐step method were evaluated and compared with traditional methods. The results showed that NKA‐9 resin exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for pigment and free protein than other tested resins. Under the optimised condition, NKA‐9 resin adsorption exhibited high decoloration ratio (80.69%), deproteinisation ratio (62.51%) and polysaccharide recovery ratio (78.08%). Furthermore spectroscopic analysis revealed that the structure of CMP remained unchanged after adsorption, but some reagent residues can be detected using traditional methods. Compared with traditional methods, the antioxidant activity of CMP extracted using a one‐step method was significantly higher, without negative impact on cell viability. Thus, this novel technique is a promising alternative method for CMP separation and purification.
Disparidades de género en Europa. Comparación de las condiciones laborales de hombres y mujeres asalariados
Authors: CASTELLANO Rosalia , ROCCA Antonella 
Published: December 2018

ResumenAunque el espectacular aumento de la participación laboral femenina en los últimos decenios se relaciona con cambios significativos en las oportunidades económicas de la mujer, las disparidades laborales de género persisten en muchas formas. Este artículo evalúa si las mayores diferencias de género en los mercados de trabajo europeos están directamente relacionadas con las malas condiciones económicas. Con este fin, se actualizan los resultados de un indicador compuesto diseñado por las autoras en un estudio anterior y se construyen tres nuevos indicadores compuestos que arrojan clasificaciones de las condiciones laborales de hombres y mujeres por separado, y de la brecha de género.
La migración interna y el acceso al primer empleo. Estudio de caso sobre Uganda
Authors: BOUTIN Delphine 
Published: December 2018

Resumen¿La migración interna agiliza la entrada al mercado laboral? Se analiza aquí cuánto tardan en conseguir el primer empleo los jóvenes migrantes y no migrantes en Uganda, desde tres puntos de partida: fecha de nacimiento, edad mínima de admisión al empleo y fin de estudios. Conforme al modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, los migrantes tardan menos, pero las diferencias significativas desaparecen al excluir a quienes realizaron trabajo infantil o al medir el lapso entre estudios y trabajo. Al descomponer las diferencias se aprecia la importancia de factores observables y no observables relativos a la zona de procedencia, el género y el acceso a la educación.
Science, scale and the frontier of governing mobile marine species
Authors: Havice Elizabeth , Campbell Lisa M. , Braun Amy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMarine turtles have complex life histories and make expansive migrations over their long lifetimes, often through multiple states’ exclusive economic zones and areas beyond national jurisdiction. This complexity makes it difficult to “know” marine turtles and presents jurisdictional mismatches for existing state and inter‐state bodies that govern turtles. This paper examines how scientists tasked with assessing marine turtles for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species have used their scientific expertise to make marine turtles legible for governance, including by rescaling the Red List assessment process to include both global and regional levels. We find that in this rescaling project, marine turtle scientists have created two new objects of governance: spatially bounded “regional management units” and the scientists themselves, who have begun to sort themselves and their work around the new spatial units in the interest of generating progress in ocean conservation. More broadly, the story of the IUCN Red List process for sea turtles turns attention to the work of science and scientists in making oceans resources legible, and therefore governable, even when they defy the boundaries of state‐led regulatory bodies or jurisdictional spaces.
Effect of maternal obesity on fetal and postnatal baboon (Papio species) early life phenotype
Authors: Li Cun , Jenkins Susan , Considine McKenna M. , Cox Laura A. , Gerow Kenneth G. , Huber Hillary F. , Nathanielsz Peter W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundNon‐human primate models of developmental programming by maternal obesity (MO) are needed for translation to human programming outcomes. We present baboon offspring (F1) morphometry, blood cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from 0.9 gestation to 0‐2 years.MethodsControl mothers ate chow; MO mothers ate high‐fat high‐energy diet pre‐pregnancy through lactation.ResultsMaternal obesity mothers weighed more than controls pre‐pregnancy. Maternal obesity gestational weight gain was lower with no correlation with fetal or placenta weights. At 0.9 gestation, MO and control F1 morphometry and ACTH were similar. MO‐F1 0.9 gestation male cortisol was lower, rising slower from 0‐2 years vs control‐F1. At birth, male MO‐F1 and control‐F1 weights were similar, but growth from 0‐2 years was steeper in MO‐F1; newborn female MO‐F1 weighed more than control‐F1 but growth from 0‐2 years was similar. ACTH did not change in either sex.ConclusionsMaternal obesity produced sexually dimorphic fetal and postnatal growth and hormonal phenotypes.
Satisfaction With Work–Family Balance Mediates the Relationship Between Workplace Social Support and Depression Among Hospice Nurses
Authors: Barnett Michael D. , Martin Kelly J. , Garza Caitlin J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support (from personal and workplace sources) and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms), as well as to examine the mediating role of satisfaction with work–family balance among hospice nurses.Design and MethodA cross‐sectional study design was utilized with a sample of 90 hospice nurses from the southern United States. Participants completed online surveys, including (a) the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS‐21), (b) loosely adapted items from the Affectivity, Burnout, and Absenteeism Scales, and (c) Satisfaction with Work–Family Balance Scale.FindingsWorkplace social support, not personal social support, was associated with lower psychological distress, and satisfaction with work–family balance mediated the relationship between workplace social support and depression symptoms, a component of psychological distress.ConclusionsHospice nurses’ social support in the workplace and their satisfaction with the balance between their work and family lives play a role in supporting their mental health.Clinical RelevanceHospice nurses may benefit from programs fostering the creation of workplace‐based interpersonal relationships.
Writing about life story chapters increases self‐esteem: Three experimental studies
Authors: Steiner Kristina L. , Pillemer David B. , Thomsen Dorthe Kirkegaard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present three studies was to examine experimentally whether writing about life story chapters would increase self‐esteem, self‐concept clarity, and meaning.MethodIn study 1, 179 participants rated state self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity before and after they described either four important life story chapters or four famous Americans. In study 2, 141 new participants completed a similar procedure to study 1 and then returned two days later to complete the procedure a second time. In study 3, 101 community dwelling adults completed a similar procedure to study 1, but responded to full scales measuring self‐concept clarity, self‐esteem, and mood.ResultsIn all the studies, writing about four important life story chapters increased the ratings of self‐esteem, whereas writing about four famous Americans did not.ConclusionThe studies show that writing about chapters in life stories can increase self‐esteem and suggest that constructing positive self‐worth may be an important function of life stories.
Racial rent differences in U.S. housing markets: Evidence from the housing voucher program
Authors: Early Dirk W. , Carrillo Paul E. , Olsen Edgar O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper exploits an unusually rich data set to estimate racial differences in the rents paid for identical housing in the same neighborhood in U.S. housing markets and to show how they vary with neighborhood racial composition. Results suggest that black households pay more for identical housing in identical neighborhoods than their white counterparts and that this rent gap increases with the fraction of the neighborhood white. In neighborhoods with the smallest fraction white, the premium is about 0.6%. In neighborhoods with the largest fraction white, it is about 2.4%. This pattern holds across different types of areas.
Green cities? Urbanization, trade, and the environment
Authors: Borck Rainald , Pflüger Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIs urbanization good for the environment? This paper establishes a simple core–periphery model with monocentric cities, which comprises key forces that shape the structure and interrelation of cities to study the impact of the urban evolution on the environment. We focus on global warming and the potential of unfettered market forces to economize on emissions. The model parameters are chosen to match the dichotomy between average “large” and “small” cities in the urban geography of the United States, and the sectoral greenhouse gas emissions recorded for the United States. Based on numerical analyzes we find that a forced switch to a system with equally sized cities reduces total emissions. Second, any city driver which pronounces the asymmetry between the core and the periphery drives up emissions in the total city system, too, and the endogenous adjustment of the urban system accounts for the bulk of the change in emissions. Third, none of the city drivers gives rise to an urban environmental Kuznets curve according to our numerical simulations. Finally, the welfare‐maximizing allocation tends to involve dispersion of cities and the more so the higher is the marginal damage from pollution.