bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a saline wash plus vancomycin/tobramycin-doped PVA composite (PVA-VAN/TOB-P) in a mouse pouch infection model implanted with 3D-printed porous titanium cylinders
Authors: Markel David C. , Bou-Akl Therese , Wu Bin , Pawlitz Paula , Ren Weiping 
Published: November 2024

AimsThe efficacy of saline irrigation for treatment of implant-associated infections is limited in the presence of porous metallic implants. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotic doped bioceramic (vancomycin/tobramycin-doped polyvinyl alcohol composite (PVA-VAN/TOB-P)) after saline wash in a mouse infection model implanted with titanium cylinders.MethodsAir pouches created in female BalBc mice by subcutaneous injection of air. In the first of two independent studies, pouches were implanted with titanium cylinders (400, 700, and 100 µm pore sizes) and inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (1 × 103 or 1 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/pouch) to establish infection and biofilm formation. Mice were killed after one week for microbiological analysis. In the second study, pouches were implanted with 400 µm titanium cylinders and inoculated with S. aureus (1 × 103 or 1 × 106 CFU/pouch). Four groups were tested: 1) no bacteria; 2) bacteria without saline wash; 3) saline wash only; and 4) saline wash plus PVA-VAN/TOB-P. After seven days, the pouches were opened and washed with saline alone, or had an additional injection of PVA-VAN/TOB-P. Mice were killed 14 days after pouch wash.ResultsThe first part of the study showed that low-grade infection was more significant in 400 µm cylinders than cylinders with larger pore sizes (p < 0.05). The second part of the study showed that saline wash alone was ineffective in eradicating both low- and high-grade infections. Saline plus PVA-VAN/TOB-P eradicated the titanium cylinder-associated infections, as manifested by negative cultures of the washouts and supported by scanning electron microscopy and histology.ConclusionPorous titanium cylinders were vulnerable to bacterial infection and biofilm formation that could not be treated by saline irrigation alone. Application of PVA-VAN/TOB-P directly into the surgical site alone or after saline wash represents a feasible approach for prevention and/or treatment of porous implant-related infections.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(11):622–631.
Within-subject variation of C-reactive protein and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gough Alex , Sitch Alice , Ferris Erica , Marshall Tom 
Published: November 2024

Background
C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are measures of inflammation used in diagnosis, to guide treatment decisions, and in disease prediction. Variability in measured CRP and hsCRP may affect their clinical utility but estimates of within-subject variability are based on limited data.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to estimate longitudinal within-subject variability of CRP and hsCRP over any time period. Follow-up studies of any design in adults or children, with repeated measures of CRP or hsCRP were sought. Multiple databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Titles and abstracts were screened in duplicate. Full text screening and data extraction were performed by one reviewer and verified by a second. Risk of bias was assessed with a modified Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) tool. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) results were pooled with a meta-analysis and coefficient of variation (CV) results were described by median and range.

Results
Of 2675 studies identified, 60 met the inclusion criteria: 34 reported CRP and 26 reported hsCRP. For CRP, median CV was 0.41 (range 0.11 to 0.89), and the pooled estimate of ICC was 0.55 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.74). For hsCRP, median CV was 0.44 (range 0.27 to 0.76) and the pooled estimate of ICC was 0.62 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.67).

Limitations
Assessment of variability was not the main aim of many of the included papers, and it is possible that some relevant papers have been missed. Many of the papers included had low numbers of participants and/or low numbers of repeated measurements.

Conclusions
Estimated within-subject variability is high for both CRP and hsCRP, but estimates are based on small numbers of participants and measurements. There is a need for better estimates of within-subject variability from analysis of larger numbers of repeated measurements in larger numbers of subjects.
Frequency of limitations statements in original research articles of United States leading medical journals: A meta-research protocol
Authors: Hsu Nin-Chieh , Tsai Hung-Bin , Hsu Chia-Hao , Tsai Ming-Yan , Liao Charles , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: November 2024

Background
Limitation declarations are commonly deemed essential to uphold intellectual humility for scientific research, but little has been reported about the limitation statements in published original research articles. This meta-research study aims to investigate the trends of limitation statements among three leading general medical journals in the US.

Methods
This cross-sectional study will compile a data set of full-length original research articles published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, and Annals of Internal Medicine between 2002 and 2022. Limitation statement will be recognized by two investigators, and a predefined set of sensitive keywords is used for sensitivity analysis. Frequency of limitation statements within the main text of research articles and trends for different study designs, including their association with the corresponding reporting guidelines, are the main measurements. We employ the Cochran-Armitage test for trend analysis.

Conclusion
The findings of this study will provide an overview of the limitation statements in leading general medical journals in the US. The results may contribute to future research to identify factors that are associated with the presence of limitation statements.
Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis treatment in older Americans
Authors: Jiang Joy , Shiels Meredith S. , Rivera Donna , Ghany Marc G. , Engels Eric A. , O’Brien Thomas R. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had been increasing steadily among older Americans but plateaued in 2015–2017. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important causes of HCC. The impact of improved treatments for these infections on recent trends in HCC incidence is unclear.

Aims
To examine the relationship between use of antiviral therapy for chronic viral hepatis and HCC incidence in older Americans.

Methods
We used 2007–2017 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results—Medicare database to estimate age-standardized incidence rates and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) for viral hepatitis-attributable HCC among individuals ≥66 years. We analyzed data from Medicare Part D to determine the frequency of HBV and HCV treatment utilization in this population.

Results
Overall HCC incidence increased 10.5%, from 22.2/100,000 in 2007 to 24.5/100,000 in 2017 (AAPC, 1.3%). During that time, HBV-attributable HCC rates decreased from 2.5 to 2.0/100,000 (AAPC, -1.6%), while HCV-attributable HCC rose from 6.6 to 8.0/100,000 (AAPC, 2.0%). HBV treatment among patients with HBV infection increased by 66% (2007, 7.4%; 2015, 12.3%). Treatment for HCV was stable at <2% during 2006–2013 but rose to 6.9% in 2014 and 12.7% in 2015, coinciding with the introduction of direct acting antiviral agents for HCV.

Conclusions
A decreased incidence of HBV-attributable HCC corresponded with an increased uptake in treatment for that infection. Despite a marked increase in the effectiveness and frequency of HCV treatment in 2014 and 2015, HCV-attributable HCC had not begun to fall as of 2017.
Psychological flow and mental immunity as predictors of job performance for mental health care practitioners during COVID-19
Authors: Al Eid Nawal A. , Arnout Boshra A. , Al-Qahtani Thabit A. , Farhan Neamah D. , Al Madawi Abeer M. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Numerous studies indicated that workers in the health sector suffer from work stress, hassles, and mental health problems associated with COVID-19, which negatively affect the completion of their job tasks. These studies pointed out the need to search for mechanisms that enable workers to cope with job stress effectively.

Objectives
This study investigated psychological flow, mental immunity, and job performance levels among the mental health workforce in Saudi Arabia. It also tried to reveal the psychological flow (PF) and mental immunity (MI) predictability of job performance (JP).

Method
A correlational survey design was employed. The study sample consisted of 120 mental health care practitioners (therapists, psychologists, counselors)who lived in Saudi Arabia. Sixty-four were men, 56 were women, and their ages ranged between 27 and 48 (36.32±6.43). The researchers developed three measurements of psychological flow, mental immunity, and job performance. After testing their validity and reliability, these measures were applied to the study participants.

Results
The results found median levels of psychological flow, mental immunity, and job performance among mental health care practitioners. Also, the results revealed that psychological flow and mental immunity were statistically significant predictors of job performance. The psychological flow variable contributed (38.70%) and mental immunity (54.80%) to the variance in job performance of mental health care practitioners.

Conclusion
The current study indicated that psychological flow and mental immunity significantly influenced the job performance of mental health care practitioners. These findings pointed out that human resource management in mental health care institutions in Saudi Arabia must search for procedures that achieve a state of flow and mental immunity for workers to make their jobs more meaningful. Also, these findings indicated the importance of planning interventions to enhance mental health care practitioners’ psychological flow, mental immunity, and job performance to help them cope with work stress effectively and protect them from symptoms of burnout.
The effects of a 6-week intervention with Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 alone and in combination with L. reuteri DSM 17938 on gut barrier function, immune markers, and symptoms in patients with IBS-D—An exploratory RCT
Authors: König Julia , Roca Rubio María Fernanda , Forsgård Richard A. , Rode Julia , Axelsson Jakob , Grompone Gianfranco , Brummer Robert J. 
Published: November 2024

Background
An increased intestinal permeability is a common feature in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Probiotics have shown to improve IBS symptoms and might also affect intestinal barrier function.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-week intervention with Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 alone (single strain) or in combination with Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (dual strain) on gut barrier function, immune markers, and symptoms in IBS-D patients (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT03986476).

Methods
65 IBS-D patients were randomised into three groups (placebo, single strain, dual strain). Small and large intestinal permeability were assessed using a multi-sugar urinary recovery test. Blood, saliva, faecal samples, and several symptom scales were collected before, and after three and six weeks of intervention.

Results
Small and large intestinal permeability as well as other markers of gut barrier function were not significantly affected by the probiotic interventions. Serum IL-6 levels showed a tendency to be reduced in the single strain group (descriptive p = 0.052). In addition, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was significantly reduced in the dual strain group (p = 0.041). The participants in both treatment groups reported less gastrointestinal symptoms after three weeks, but this reached significance only in the dual strain group (total score: p = 0.032, pain subscore: p = 0.028). After six weeks, none of the assessed symptoms were significantly different from the placebo.

Conclusion
The probiotic compounds investigated in this study did not seem to affect IBS-D patients’ gut barrier function, but showed potential anti-inflammatory and symptom-improving properties, which need to be confirmed in larger study cohorts.
Definition of clinically relevant intraoperative hypotension: A data-driven approach
Authors: Maleczek Mathias , Laxar Daniel , Geroldinger Angelika , Gleiss Andreas , Lichtenegger Paul , Kimberger Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Background
Associations between intraoperative hypotension (IOH) and various postoperative outcomes were shown in retrospective trials using a variety of different definitions of IOH. This complicates the comparability of these trials and makes clinical application difficult. Information about the best performing definitions of IOH regarding 30-day mortality, hospital length of stay (hLOS), and postanesthesia care unit length of stay (PACU-LOS) is missing.

Methods
A retrospective cohort trial was conducted using data from patients undergoing noncardiothoracic surgery. We split the obtained dataset into two subsets. First, we used one subset to choose the best fitting definitions of IOH for the outcomes 30-day mortality, hLOS, and PACU-LOS. The other subset was used to independently assess the performance of the chosen definitions of IOH.

Results
The final cohort consisted of 65,454 patients. In the shaping subset, nearly all tested definitions of IOH showed associations with the three outcomes, where the risk of adverse outcomes often increased continuously with decreasing MAP. The best fitting definitions were relative time with a MAP (mean arterial pressure) of <80 mmHg for 30-day mortality, lowest MAP for one minute for hLOS, and lowest MAP for one cumulative minute for PACU-LOS. Testing these three definitions of IOH in the independent second subset confirmed the associations of IOH with 30-day mortality, hLOS, and PACU-LOS.

Conclusions
Using a data-driven approach, we identified the best fitting definitions of IOH for 30-day mortality, hLOS, and PACU-LOS. Our results demonstrate the need for careful selection of IOH definitions.
Clinical trial number: n/a, EC #2245/2020
Women suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis in Norway are more likely to take sick leave
Authors: Clarhed Ulrika K. E. , Schiöler Linus , Torén Kjell , Fell Anne Kristin M. , Hellgren Johan 
Published: November 2024

Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) decreases the quality of life and affects the working life of sufferers. There is a scarcity of studies of how CRS affects sick leave at the population level, particularly for women.

Materials and methods
Data from questionnaires were collected in Telemark, Norway in 2013 (N = 15,484) and again in 2018 (N = 13,966). Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for having sick leave in the last 12 months, adjusted for sex, asthma, smoking and age, were calculated, as well as the relationship to occupational groups. Comparisons were made between women and men.

Results
Subjects with CRS had 64% increased odds for taking sick leave compared to subjects without CRS (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.45–1.85) in 2013, with similar results in 2018 (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.41–1.81). Women with CRS were almost twice as likely to take sick leave than men with CRS (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.56–2.46) in 2013. Sick leave was more common in subjects with CRS in some occupational groups.

Conclusion
CRS is a chronic and debilitating disease that appears to affect sick leave on a population level, with women being more affected than men. Optimised treatment for CRS might reduce sick leave and associated costs.
The Trope of Innocence
Authors: Vivian Bradford 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This essay explores how public officials invoke the innocence of children within contests over political power and social influence. Its primary object of analysis is not the national gun control debate per se, but political appeals to the innocence of children within that debate. The essay focuses in particular on the degree to which long-standing racial encodings of innocence in U.S. public culture, which typically deny innocence to Black children for dehumanizing and discriminatory purposes, continue to shape political appeals to that prominent trope. Examining competing remarks on the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting from President Barack Obama and National Rifle Association President Wayne LaPierre shows that political appeals to the innocence of children are seldom innocent, or politically neutral, themselves. Such appeals operate within larger contests over systems of privilege and power pertaining to race, individual rights, and public safety. The analysis finds that different leaders use seemingly similar arguments about protecting innocent children from gun violence to promote antithetical political goals, with varying degrees of awareness about the historically racist legacies of many such appeals. The essay concludes by emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between political appeals to the innocence of children that promote a revitalized social contract and those that invoke the innocence of children to justify erosions of the social contract consistent with authoritarian aims.
Peran Self-Regulation dan Self-Perceived Employability Terhadap Komitmen Afektif Relawan Mahasiswa
Authors: Humairah Mardhiyah , Herlena Benny 
Published: November 2024

Currently, students are competing to join organizations based on their interests for various purposes. However, it turns out that not all students are committed while joining the organization. It is definitely detrimental to the organization, as well as the students themselves. This research aims to determine the commitment of student volunteers and their suitability for interacting with each other. This research method is quantitative correlational. The subjects in this research were 201 final year students who were volunteer members of an organization. They had previously been selected using a purposive sampling technique. The measuring instruments used in this research are the Affective Commitment Scale, Self-Regulation Scale, and Perceived Employability Scale. This study uses multiple linear regression statistics and uses the SPSS series 16 computer as an aid in processing data. The results of this research indicate that self-regulation and perceived employability have a partial or simultaneous relationship with student volunteer commitment.

Para siswa saat ini sangat antusias untuk bergabung dengan organisasi yang menarik minat mereka untuk berbagai tujuan. Walau bagaimanapun, setelah bergabung dengan organisasi tersebut, tidak semua siswa memiliki komitmen yang kuat. Ini pasti merugikan mahasiswa dan organisasi. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komitmen relawan mahasiswa dan kelayakan mereka berhubungan satu sama lain. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasional. Metode purposive sampling telah digunakan untuk memilih subjek penelitian ini, yang terdiri dari 201 mahasiswa akhir yang tergabung dalam organisasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga skala: Skala Komitmen, Skala Pengaturan Diri, dan Skala Persepsi Kelayakan Bekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan statistik regresi linear berganda dan memakai komputer SPSS seri 16 sebagai bantuan dalam mengolah data. Hasil yang didapat adalah hipotesis terbukti secara statistika bahwa baik secara parsial maupun simultan pengaturan diri dengan persepsi terhadap kelayakan bekerja ada hubungan dengan komitmen yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa relawan.
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Masyarakat Terhadap Penggunaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Publik di Wilayah Jabodetabek
Authors: Raniah Thifal 
Published: November 2024

Jabodetabek merupakan wilayah dengan penduduk terbanyak di Indonesia. Tingginya mobilitas penduduk dan padatnya pemukiman merupakan sebuah kesempatan dan tantangan bagi masyarakat pada saat yang bersamaan. Kebijakan adanya Ruang Terbuka Hijau yang mencakup publik atau privat sebesar 30% dari wilayah setiap kota pada tahun 2030, nampaknya akan sulit diraih. Namun, akan lebih sulit jika pergerakan yang telah digerakkan oleh pemerintah dengan membangun, RTH Publik khususnya, sedikit demi sedikit tidak disambut oleh masyarakat Jabodetabek. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini penulis mencari faktor yang mempengaruhi minat masyarakat Jabodetabek dalam menggunakan RTH Publik. Penelitian ini mengguanakan metode SEM PLS (Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square) dengan menganalisis hasil dari outer dan inner modelnya. Hasilnya variabel aksesibilitas dan ketersediaan fasilitas berpengaruh terhadap minat masyarakat. Masyarakat akan menggunakan RTH Publik yang mudah diakses secara jarak dan finansial serta ketersediaan fasilitas yang mumpuni.
The neoliberal coloniality of EMI in Hong Kong higher education: insights from online stancetaking
Authors: Yeung Steven , Gray John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While the implementation of English-medium instruction (EMI) in many elite universities is established as common sense, it is fraught with challenges and contradictions. In post-colonial multilingual contexts such as Hong Kong, we argue that EMI is sustained by neoliberal coloniality, whereby its status as an enduring legacy of the hegemonic colonial order is maintained by contemporary neoliberal imperatives. From a stancetaking perspective we examine how members of the public take up stances on EMI on an online forum, in response to an initial thread openly criticising its use on a social work programme at a Hong Kong university. Our analysis of 480 posts shows a range of stances with regard to three recurrent themes, namely practicality, flexibility and fairness. The findings indicate that EMI attracted strong affective rejection from some due to perceived impracticality and inflexibility in its implementation, as well as issues of inclusion in relation to students’ different linguistic repertoires. Conversely, they also reveal deeply entrenched ideologies supporting the use of EMI, most notably for its purported practicality and promised benefits. We conclude by reflecting on the value of stancetaking in understanding ideology and the specific ideological and practical implications of EMI in Hong Kong.
Optimizing Emergency Logistics Centre Locations: A Multi-Objective Robust Model
Authors: Gan Quan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article is concerned with emergency material relief in response to major emergencies, concentrating on the difficulties in locating emergency logistics facilities and deploying emergency supplies. Using discrete scenarios, we describe the uncertainty of the demand for emergency supplies at the catastrophe site and the uncertainty of the cost and timing of the shipment of such supplies. Meanwhile, we consider two key objectives, i.e. emergency relief cost and time, and build a multi-objective emergency logistics centre siting model, including deterministic and robust optimization models. In the construction of the siting model, due to the time urgency of emergency logistics, we adopt a bi-objective function, including transportation and transportation time, and consider the construction and inventory costs of the emergency logistics centre. We also introduced a generalized hybrid frog-hopping algorithm to encode facilities that provide emergency material relief services. To verify the effectiveness of the models and algorithms, we designed a multi-scenario simulation experiment, and the results show that the two models and algorithms we propose have good feasibility and effectiveness. The robust optimization model performs well in handling various uncertainties.