bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Intramedullary Nail Coated With Antibiotic-Containing Cement and Ring Fixation for Limb Salvage in the Severely Deformed, Infected, Neuroarthropathic Ankle
Authors: Tomczak Cassandra , Beaman Douglas , Perkins Serene 
Published: September 2018

Background: The severely deformed, infected, and unstable neuroarthropathic ankle is challenging to treat. We evaluated our preliminary experience and results of combined internal and external ring fixation for a complex neuropathic population. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and radiographs for 8 patients with unilateral severely deformed ankle neuroarthropathy associated with infection and ulceration. Treatment included single-stage reconstruction arthrodesis with an interlocked intramedullary nail coated with antibiotic-containing cement combined with ring fixation. Taylor Spatial Frame™ technology was used when the deformity was not amenable to acute correction (5 patients). Protected postoperative weightbearing was permitted. Their mean age averaged 55.6 (range, 42-66) years with an average body mass index of 38.4 (range, 28.7-49.6) kg/m2. Results: Seven patients achieved limb preservation. Average time for fusion healing was 15.2 (range, 12.2-22.2) weeks, frame time was 17.7 (range, 12.2-23.0) weeks, and follow-up was 34.1 (range, 24.1-68.8) months. All presenting wounds and infection successfully resolved. Reinker and Carpenter scale was excellent for 2 patients, good for 2 patients, and fair for 3 patients. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure averaged 59.0% (range, 39.3%-87.5%). One patient developed a recalcitrant calcaneal ulcer with osteomyelitis that required a transtibial amputation 17 months after successful ankle arthrodesis. Conclusions: Combined use of interlocked intramedullary nail and ring external fixation for neuroarthropathic ankle arthrodesis achieved a functional and clinically stable salvaged lower limb for most patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
“Could you please repeat that?” Speech design best practices for minimizing errors
Authors: Hess Alyssa S. , Zellman Jenny 
Published: September 2018

Until recently, designing the interactions between systems and users has relied primarily on visual communication. However, with the dramatic increase in the use of virtual assistants, voice interaction design is now a sought after skill for human factors and user experience practitioners. In this practice-oriented paper, we aim to identify the best practices for dialog designers striving to minimize errors in communication between the user and the voice-enabled system. Furthermore, we highlight the technology behind voice systems as well as the importance of minimizing errors when our voice-controlled devices become a part of highly sensitive interactions: specifically, when accessing critical, private information. Summary: This is a practice-oriented paper highlighting six best practices for avoiding errors when designing voice-enabled systems. Errors in voice systems have been found to require a great deal of user effort to resolve, as well as strongly influence user satisfaction with their voice system. We discuss the technical foundation for voice user interfaces (VUIs) as well as the evolving nature of these systems. The purpose of this paper is to aid and inform upcoming voice design practitioners in the best method for dialog designing.
Combination of Methotrexate and Prednizone Decreases Circulating Concentrations of Interleukin 1Beta and Interleukin 6 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Poor Correlation of Cytokine Suppression with Clinical Improvement
Authors: Nowak D. , Lewandowicz J. , Dbkowska B. , Marczak J. 
Published: September 2018

Objective To evaluate the effect of methotrexate (MTX) in combination with prednizone on cytokine levels, acute phase proteins and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR - an indicator of peroxidative damage to tissue lipids) in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to investigate their assgciations with clinical disease activity. Methods We measured blood concentrations of interleukin-1 R (IL-1p), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), TBARs and classical clinical and laboratory indices of disease activity in 36 RA subjects before and after 3 and 6 month treatment with MTX and prednizone. Only RA subjects who stopped any disease-modifying anti rheumatic drugs treatment for last 3 months were included in the study. Baseline cytokine and TBARs levels were compared with those obtained with 20 healthy controls. Results- Compared to controls RA subjects had elevated levels of circulating IL-1beta (63.3 ±47.6 vs 13.7 ± 7.8 pg/ml, p< 0.01), IL-6 (147.2 ± 76.5 vs 15.9 ± 13.3 pg/ml, p< 0.001) and TBARs (3.11 ± 0.42 vs 1.34 ± 0.45 nmol/1, p< 0.001) concentrations. MTX in combination with prednizone improved patient clinical status that was accompanied by 1.96-, 1.25-, and 1.35-fold decrease in IL-1beta, IL-6 and TBARs after 6 month treatment (p<0.001), respectively. Although, IL-1 and IL-6 revealed a few correlations with classical indices of disease activity no association was found between patient clinical status improvement and cytokine changes over 6 month treatment. Conclusions: MTX in combination with prednizone decreases blood levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 and inhibits the intensity of free radical- mediated processes in RA subjects. Monitoring of plasma concentrations of these cytokines could not predict the treatment efficacy.
Traumatic Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Systematic Review and Case Series
Authors: Ver Mikhail Lew P. , Dimar John R. , Carreon Leah Y. 
Published: September 2018

Study Design: Systematic review and case series. Objectives: Any acute injury to the posterior elements of the lumbar spine resulting in listhesis is considered a traumatic spondylolisthesis. This rare injury caused by high-energy trauma is variably described in the literature as fracture-dislocation, where only case reports and series have been published. Our objectives were to propose evidence-based treatment recommendations and a new classification system for this injury. Methods: A systematic review of literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane without time frame limitations was performed, which included 77 level IV and V articles and 9 patients as case series in the analysis. Results: A total of 125 cases were reviewed with mean age of 30.5 years. Half of the cases resulted from a vehicular accident. Back pain presented in 82%, while 50% had neurologic deficits. Operative treatment was performed in 93.6% (posterior decompression [PD] = 4%; posterior spinal fusion [PSF] = 43.2%; interbody fusion [IB] = 46.4%) with overall fusion rates of 74%. Binomial regression analysis for achieving solid fusion showed a 28.6× higher odds for IB compared to PSF ( P = .008, r2 = 0.633). Subanalysis of cases with disc injuries revealed higher fusion outcomes for IB (87%) compared to PSF (46%; P = .006), while there were no significant differences for patients without disc injury. Pain and neurological symptoms improved significantly on final follow-up ( P < .001). Overall complication rate was 22%. Conclusion: Operative management with reduction, decompression for neurologic deficits, instrumentation, and fusion is recommended for traumatic spondylolisthesis. Interbody fusion is recommended to achieve better fusion outcomes especially with preoperatively identified disc lesions.
Inhibition of MEK and ATR is effective in a B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia model driven by Mll-Af4 and activated Ras
Authors: Chu S. Haihua , Song Evelyn J. , Chabon Jonathan R. , Minehart Janna , Matovina Chloe N. , Makofske Jessica L. , Frank Elizabeth S. , Ross Kenneth , Koche Richard P. , Feng Zhaohui , Xu Haiming , Krivtsov Andrei , Nussenzweig Andre , Armstrong Scott A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Infant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs) that harbor MLL-AF4 rearrangements are associated with a poor prognosis. One important obstacle to progress for this patient population is the lack of immunocompetent models that faithfully recapitulate the short latency and aggressiveness of this disease. Recent whole-genome sequencing of MLL-AF4 B-ALL samples revealed a high frequency of activating RAS mutations; however, single-agent targeting of downstream effectors of the RAS pathway in these mutated MLL-r B-ALLs has demonstrated limited and nondurable antileukemic effects. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of activating mutant N-RasG12D cooperates with Mll-Af4 to generate a highly aggressive serially transplantable B-ALL in mice. We used our novel mouse model to test the sensitivity of Mll-Af4/N-RasG12D leukemia to small molecule inhibitors and found potent and synergistic preclinical efficacy of dual targeting of the Mek and Atr pathways in mouse- and patient-derived xenografts with both mutations in vivo, suggesting this combination as an attractive therapeutic opportunity that might be used to treat patients with these mutations. Our studies indicate that this mouse model of Mll-Af4/N-Ras B-ALL is a powerful tool to explore the molecular and genetic pathogenesis of this disease subtype, as well as a preclinical discovery platform for novel therapeutic strategies.
Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Volkert Jana , Gablonski Thorsten-Christian , Rabung Sven 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPersonality disorder is a severe health issue. However, the epidemiology of personality disorders is insufficiently described and surveys report very heterogeneous rates.AimsWe aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on the prevalence of personality disorders in adult populations and examine potential moderators that affect heterogeneity.MethodWe searched PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Medline for studies that used standardised diagnostics (DSM-IV/-5, ICD-10) to report prevalence rates of personality disorders in community populations in Western countries. Prevalence rates were extracted and aggregated by random-effects models. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed and publication bias was assessed.ResultsThe final sample comprised ten studies, with a total of 113 998 individuals. Prevalence rates were fairly high for any personality disorder (12.16%; 95% CI, 8.01–17.02%) and similarly high for DSM Clusters A, B and C, between 5.53 (95% CI, 3.20–8.43%) and 7.23% (95% CI, 2.37–14.42%). Prevalence was highest for obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (4.32%; 95% CI, 2.16–7.16%) and lowest for dependent personality disorder (0.78%; 95% CI, 0.37–1.32%). A low prevalence was significantly associated with expert-rated assessment (versus self-rated) and reporting of descriptive statistics for antisocial personality disorder.ConclusionsEpidemiological studies on personality disorders in community samples are rare, whereas prevalence rates are fairly high and vary substantially depending on samples and methods. Future studies investigating the epidemiology of personality disorders based on the DSM-5 and ICD-11 and models of personality functioning and traits are needed, and efficient treatment should be a priority for healthcare systems to reduce disease burden.Declaration of interestNone.
The Carrot Not The Stick: Creating Incentives for Voluntary Enforcement of Smoke-Free Policies Through Smoke-Free Zone Certification
Authors: Bader R. , Shihab R. , Hawari F. 
Published: September 2018

Background and context: Jordan's Public Health Law bans smoking in public places. However, law-enforcement mechanisms are lagging and Jordanians continue to be exposed to second-hand smoke. The Global Tobacco Control Report 2017 rates enforcement at 2/10 dropping even below the previous 3/10 rating of 2015. Aim: Our intervention aims to provide alternative routes for protection from exposure to second-hand smoke. Strategy/Tactics: The intervention builds on results from a 2012 survey which indicated that 85% of the public supports banning smoking in healthcare institutions, schools, and work places. In 2013 King Hussein Cancer Foundation and Center launched the Smoke-free Zone Certificate Program in collaboration with Global Smoke-free Worksite Challenge. The program, currently in its fifth round, recognizes institutions that voluntarily enforce smoke-free environments. Program/Policy process: Interested institutions submit an application requesting certification. Applications go through a screening process to confirm initial alignment with the program criteria. Institutions passing the initial screening are physically inspected for compliance through unannounced spot-check visits. Those passing the inspection receive certification. To qualify, an institution should meet two criteria. The first is enforcing a 100% smoke-free policy within all indoor premises. Designated smoking areas are not allowed. For schools, the criteria require that the smoke-free policy extends to cover both indoor and outdoor premises. The second criterion is that the smoke-free policy should be in effect for a minimum of 9 months on the day of certification. The appeal of the program builds on (1) the institution's belief in the importance of providing a safe and healthy environment, (2) the association of the program with the name of a well-respected national organization, and (3) the media exposure that the certified institutions receive. Active promotion of the program is performed during the application period to recruit additional applicants. Outcomes: Fig. 1 depicts the growth in numbers of applications and of certified organizations. On average 67% of applicants receive certification. Interest varies by category with schools outweighing all other applicants (62%). What was learned: Incentives for voluntary enforcement of smoke-free policies have the potential to support law enforcement. The growing interest and the modifications that institutions undergo to meet the program criteria are a testimony to our success. Several institutions went through three rounds of applications prior to receiving certification, indicating the ability of the program to motivate compliance. There is a need to continue to grow the number of applicants especially in the 'restaurants' and 'healthcare' categories. Sensitization about the benefits of smoke-free environments, technical assistance to interested institutions, and additional media exposure can help. [Figure: see text]
Collection and Reporting of System-Wide Cancer Treatment Activity Data As Part of the Stage, Treatment and Recurrence (STaR) Project
Authors: Long R. , Luzuriaga J. , Biondi C. , Woods A. , Jackson P. , Anderiesz C. , Giles C. , Zorbas H. 
Published: September 2018

Background: The need for high quality, comprehensive national data on the treatments applied to cancers is widely recognized within the Australian cancer control community. The analysis and reporting of cancer treatment data will greatly enhance our ability to better understand cancer care activity and outcomes - and in particular the treatments being applied across population groups. Aim: To collect and report national data on cancer treatments, as part of Cancer Australia's Stage, Treatment and Recurrence (STaR) project. The linking of this data with national data on stage at diagnosis, survival and recurrence, will help inform policy and practice and ultimately improve cancer outcomes. Methods: Cancer Australia developed a dataset of selected surgical procedures for the treatment of the top five incidence cancers (prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, and melanoma). A dataset of key selected radiotherapy, and systemic therapies for the treatment of all cancer types was also developed. Data for reporting system-wide treatment activity were extracted from existing national health administrative datasets, including: the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) and the National Hospital Morbidity Database (NHMD). The scope of the analysis was selected surgical procedures, radiotherapy procedures, or pharmaceutical agents administered with the general intent to change the outcome of the cancer and/or provide symptom relief/ palliative care. Results: The data reported provide a high-level national system-wide overview of cancer treatments applied, including: • More than 1 million radiotherapy services were provided for all cancers combined in Australia (as indicated by MBS reimbursement claims data) for the years 2013 to 2015 inclusive; • The number of people receiving systemic anticancer therapies in Australia for all cancers combined (as indicated by PBS reimbursement claims data) increased from 198,756 in 2012 to 247,939 in 2016; and • The number of hospital separations recorded in the NHMD (i.e., episodes of admitted patient care) for patients with a principal diagnosis of cancer undergoing surgery for the treatment of the top five high incidence cancers in Australia increased from 53,516 in 2010 to 57,651 in 2015. Conclusion: National cancer treatment data were successfully collected and reported. Australia is one of very few countries in the world to collect and report national system-wide treatment data with a specific focus on cancer. These data will be linked to cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, survival and recurrence data to help inform for population-level reporting of cancer outcomes.
Nuclear envelope localization of PIG-B is essential for GPI-anchor synthesis in Drosophila
Authors: Yamamoto-Hino Miki , Katsumata Eri , Suzuki Emiko , Maeda Yusuke , Kinoshita Taroh , Goto Satoshi 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Membrane lipid biosynthesis is a complex process that takes place in various intracellular compartments. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), a lipid involved in membrane anchoring of some proteins, is synthesized by the PIG enzymes. Most PIGs are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but Drosophila PIG-B (DmPIG-B) is localized to the nuclear envelope (NE). To determine whether the NE localization of DmPIG-B is functionally important, we defined the determinants of localization and generated an ER-localized form, denoted DmPIG-B[ER]. The enzymatic activity of DmPIG-B[ER] was comparable to that of NE-localized DmPIG-B[NE]. Expression of DmPIG-B[ER] inefficiently rescued the lethality of the PIG-B mutant, whereas DmPIG-B[NE] rescued this lethality fully. DmPIG-B[ER] was preferentially degraded by lysosomes, suggesting that the NE localization is essential for function and stability of the protein. In addition, we found that the region of the ER proximal to the NE is the site of translation of GPI-anchored proteins and addition of GPI. Thus, the NE and proximal ER may provide a platform for efficient GPI anchoring.
Global/Local Chirality and Global/Local RS-Stereogenicity for Characterizing [2.2]Paracyclophane Derivatives as Stereogenic Planes
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The conceptual difference between RS-stereoisomerism and stereoisomerism as well as between RS-stereogenicity and stereogenicity is discussed according to Fujita’s stereoisogram approach (S. Fujita, Mathematical Stereochemistry; De Gruyter: Berlin, 2015). Enumeration of [2.2]paracyclophanes is conducted to clarify hierarchy of stereoisomerism, i.e., under the point group D2 (individual derivatives), the point group D2h (enantiomerism), the RS-stereoisomeric group $\boldsymbol{{D}}_{\textbf{2}\boldsymbol{{h}}\tilde{\boldsymbol{{\sigma}}}\skew2\hat{\boldsymbol{{I}}}}$ (RS-stereoisomerism), the stereoisomeric group $\boldsymbol{{sD}}_{\textbf{2}\boldsymbol{{h}}\tilde{\boldsymbol{{\sigma}}}\skew2\hat{\boldsymbol{{I}}}}$ (stereoisomerism). Stereoisograms for characterizing RS-stereoisomerism are discussed briefly for the purpose of examining nomenclature of [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives. Global and local RS-stereogenicities as well as global and local RS-stereoisomerism are discussed on the basis of two kinds of handedness. Nomenclature for global RS-stereogenicity and that for local RS-stereogenicity are discussed after two modes of numbering of skeletal carbons are determined explicitly.
Adjacency-Clustering and Its Application for Yield Prediction in Integrated Circuit Manufacturing
Authors: Hochbaum Dorit S. , Liu Sheng 
Published: September 2018

Accurate yield prediction in integrated circuit manufacturing enables accurate estimation of production cost and early detection of processing problems. It is known that defects tend to be clustered and a chip is likely to be defective if its neighbors are defective. This neighborhood effect is not well captured in traditional yield modeling approaches. We propose a new yield prediction model, called adjacency-clustering which addresses, for the first time, the neighborhood effect, and delivers prediction results that are significantly better than state-of-the-art methods. Adjacency-clustering (AC) model is a form of the Markov random field minimum energy model (MRF) that is primarily known in the context of image segmentation. AC model is a novel use of MRF for identifying defect patterns that enable diagnosis of failure causes in the manufacturing process. In this paper we utilize the defect patterns obtained by the AC model for yield prediction. We compare the performance of the AC model to that of leading yield prediction models including the Poisson, the negative binomial, the Poisson regression, and negative binomial regression models, on real data sets and on simulated data sets. The results demonstrate that the adjacency-clustering model captures the neighborhood effect and delivers superior prediction accuracy. Moreover, the concept and methodology of adjacency-clustering are not limited to integrated circuit manufacturing. Rather, it is applicable in any context where a neighborhood effect is present, such as disease risk mapping and energy consumption prediction. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1741 .
Curating conclusions in ‘Among Us’: Collaborative Twitter fiction and the implied author
Authors: Segar Emma 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article uses the author’s experiences of preparing and curating ‘Among Us’, a 24-hour collaborative Twitter fiction, to examine the role of creators and contributors in producing a consistent narrative with a coherent thematic focus. It draws upon the concept of the ‘implied author’ as it applies to blog fiction and other forms of networked digital storytelling. It outlines the processes that brought participants together, and explores the ways in which they sought out ideological suggestions in the curator’s prompts, predicting, supporting, resisting or commandeering these in their contributions in order to ultimately collaborate on the conclusions and act as a single, recognizable ‘implied author’.
Beyond cinema: Daphne du Maurier’s intermedial experiments in ‘The Little Photographer’ (1952)
Authors: Reynier Christine 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Among the short stories du Maurier wrote, ‘The Birds’ and ‘Don’t Look Now’ stand out. The first has famously been singled out by Alfred Hitchcock and the second by Nicolas Roeg for their respective film adaptations. The fate of these two short stories confirms Elizabeth Bowen’s statement according to which the short story, apart from being close to other literary genres, such as poetry and drama, developed alongside cinema. Although du Maurier has often been acclaimed as a peerless storyteller, critics have generally focused on these two short stories, especially ‘The Birds’, and almost entirely neglected the others. This article takes a close look at ‘The Little Photographer’ (1952) and explores its affinities with other art forms than cinema, namely, photography. Beyond the motif of photography and the visual qualities of the narrative, the mediating function of photography within the narrative will first be analysed. The manipulative skills of the photographer and the narrator will then be confronted and the dialogue between the art of photography and writing explored. Finally, du Maurier’s ability to work across media will be shown to reverberate on her perception and (re)definition of modernism.