bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Antileishmanial and Immune Modulation of Trigonelline Against Leishmania major
Authors: Esmaeili Elaheh , Dezaki Ebrahim Saedi , Amini‐Khoei Hossin , Mokhtarian Kobra , Abdizadeh Rahman , Esmaili Majid , Raesi Hadi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe mechanistic study of new pharmaceutical compounds is crucial for evaluating their efficacy, identifying potential side effects, and optimising drug formulations. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of trigonelline on the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). An initial in silico study was conducted to examine the pharmacological effects of trigonelline using molecular docking to evaluate the potential binding affinity of trigonelline with nitrate, a crucial molecule in the macrophage immune response against Leishmania. In this experimental study, the inhibitory mechanism of trigonelline on promastigotes was evaluated by measuring metacaspase expression levels. In the amastigote stage of L. major, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin 12 (IL‐12), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) genes were assessed using Real‐time PCR. Trigonelline demonstrated a high‐binding affinity to the iNOS molecule in computer modelling. In macrophages treated with various concentrations of trigonelline, glucantime and their combination, the expression levels of metacaspase, IL‐12, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and iNOS genes significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.05), whereas IL‐10 and TGF‐β gene expression levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Trigonelline exerts its antileishmanial effects through its high antioxidant properties, non‐cytotoxicity to macrophages, and its ability to enhance apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in promastigotes of L. major.
Gestational Age‐Specific Stillbirth Rates: Are We Using the Right Denominator?
Authors: Sexton Jessica , Wojcieszek Aleena M. , Chambers Georgina M. , Coory Michael , Andrews Christine , Al‐Gharibeh Aya , Ellwood David , Flenady Vicki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlobally, a stillbirth occurs every 17 seconds totalling almost 2 million every year. The global standard for reporting stillbirths is the stillbirth rate. While a critical and accessible summary statistic, it masks gestational age‐specific trends.ObjectivesThis study aimed to summarise and critique stillbirth trends and document gestational age‐specific rates and risk calculations according to three published methodologies: gestational age‐specific stillbirth rate (GS‐SBR), foetus‐at‐risk (FAR) stillbirth rate, and continuity corrected foetus‐at‐risk (ccFAR) stillbirth rate.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of all births from the National Perinatal Data Collection in Australia (1998–2018). Stillbirth was defined as the birth of a baby with no sign of life from 20 weeks of gestation or weighing 400 grams at birth. Three statistical measures were applied reflecting alternate denominators: the GS‐SBR measure used the number of births in a given week, the FAR used the number of foetuses in utero at the start of a week, and the ccFAR used the number of foetuses at the midpoint of the week.ResultsIn Australia from 1998 to 2018, there were 39,576 stillbirths among 5.9 million births, an overall stillbirth rate of 6.7 per 1000 births. For each week of gestation (20–41+), the average GS‐SBR varied from 1.0 to 790.0 stillbirths per 1000 births; FAR varied from 0.1 to 1.2 stillbirths per 1000 FAR; and ccFAR varied from 0.1 to 2.4 stillbirths per 1000 ongoing pregnancies. The three stillbirth rate calculations showed distinct trends during pregnancy, and only FAR and ccFAR reflected increased stillbirth risk as gestation advances.ConclusionsWhen calculating gestational‐age‐specific stillbirth rates, the FAR or ccFAR approaches provide the most accurate representation of the probability of stillbirth throughout pregnancy and better enable clinicians to act on risk.
Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise for Improving Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Function in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jønsson Anette Bach , Krogh Søren , Lillelund Susanne , Aagaard Per , Kasch Helge , Nielsen Jørgen Feldbæk 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of low‐load (LL) blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE) for improving lower limb muscle strength, muscle thickness and physical function in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). In a randomized sham‐controlled trial, 21 participants (age ≥ 18 years, SCI duration ≥ 1 year, knee extensor strength grade 2–4, ASIA A‐D) were randomized to either 45‐min LL‐BFRE (n = 11) or sham BFRE (n = 10) twice/week for 8 weeks. The exercise protocol consisted of four sets (30 × 15 × 15 × 15 repetitions) of unilateral seated leg extensions and leg curls at 30%–40% of 1RM performed with pneumatic cuffs applied proximally on the trained limb and inflated to 40% of total arterial occlusion pressure (BFRE) or non‐inflated (sham exercise). Maximal voluntary isometric quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, quadriceps muscle thickness, thigh circumference, and physical function were assessed at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of training and at 4‐week follow‐up. No significant between‐group differences were found between BFRE and sham exercise in quadriceps or hamstring muscle strength, 10‐m walking test, timed up & go, 6‐min walking test or the spinal cord independence measure. In contrast, a significant between‐group difference favoring BFRE was present for muscle thickness and thigh circumference from baseline to 4‐week follow‐up (0.76 cm (95% CI: 0.32; 1.20, p = 0.002) and 2.42 cm (0.05; 4.79, p = 0.05), respectively). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the effect of LL‐BFRE and sham exercise on muscle strength and physical function in individuals with SCI. However, significant increases in muscle thickness and thigh circumference were observed in favor of BFRE.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03690700.
Colorism Among Black Women: A Review of Psychological Research From 2000 to 2023
Authors: Jones Martinque K. , Jean‐Ceide Cassandre , Regis Dionne R. , Zamora Melissa Briones , Barrera Natalia , Fox Madison , Wallace Gabrielle 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTColorism is a form of discrimination targeting people with a darker skin tone. Like, racism and sexism, colorism is prevalent and negatively affects Black women but remains understudied. To direct future research on this topic, we completed a semi‐systematic review of empirical studies on colorism among Black women. Articles included for review met the following criteria: (a) published between 2000 and 2023, (b) analyzed empirical data, (c) psychologically focused on Black women's experiences with colorism, and (d) were composed of Black women participants. Qualifying sources (N = 53) were categorized into one of eight topic areas. We also analyzed sample characteristics, research methods, and publication trends across all the articles included in the review. Based upon our review, we highlight the strengths and limitations of the current scholarship focused on Black women's experiences with colorism and offer suggestions for future research.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐DPB1*1641:01 Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Bian Cheng , Wang Zi‐Hao , Wanyan Zhang‐Xiang , Wang Xiao‐Hui , Yang Zhao‐Qing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐DPB1*1641:01 differs from DPB1*02:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 668G>A in exon 4.
Identification of the Novel Allele HLA‐C*04:535 by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Okumura Taiki , Suzuki Shingo , Ota Masao , Shiina Takashi , Umemura Takeji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe novel HLA‐C*04:535 allele differs from HLA‐C*04:01:01:01 by two substitutions in exon 3 and 3′UTR.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐B*51:409N Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Lion Julien , Bartczak Ségolène , Desoutter Judith , Guillaume Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐B*51:409N differs from the HLA‐B*51:01:01:01 by one nucleotide at position 923 in exon 3.
Quantification of Internal Disc Strain Under Dynamic Loading Via High-Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Ghajar-Rahimi Elnaz , Sakhrani Diya D. , Kulkarni Radhika S. , Lim Shiyin , Dumerer Blythe , Labine Annie , Abbott Michael E. , O'Connell Grace D. , Goergen Craig J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Measurement of internal intervertebral disc strain is paramount for understanding the underlying mechanisms of injury and validating computational models. Although advancements in noninvasive imaging and image processing have made it possible to quantify strain, they often rely on visual markers that alter tissue mechanics and are limited to static testing that is not reflective of physiologic loading conditions. The purpose of this study was to integrate high-frequency ultrasound and texture correlation to quantify disc strain during dynamic loading. We acquired ultrasound images of the posterior side of bovine discs in the transverse plane throughout 0–0.5 mm of assigned axial compression at 0.3–0.5 Hz. Internal Green-Lagrangian strains were quantified across time using direct deformation estimation (DDE), a texture correlation method. Median principal strain at maximal compression was 0.038±0.011 for E1 and −0.042±0.012 for E2. Strain distributions were heterogeneous throughout the discs, with higher strains noted near the disc endplates. This methodological report shows that high-frequency ultrasound can be a valuable tool for quantification of disc strain under dynamic loading conditions. Further work will be needed to determine if diseased or damaged discs reveal similar strain patterns, opening the possibility of clinical use in patients with disc disease.
“It’s Like at the Theater, You’re an Actor”: Physical Education Teachers’ Surface Acting During Critical Incidents Experienced in “Difficult” Contexts
Authors: Petiot Oriane , Kermarrec Gilles 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the surface acting strategy (i.e., dissonance between the emotions felt and those expressed) implemented by physical education teachers during critical incidents in “difficult” contexts. Method: Twenty-two physical education teachers told five critical incidents experienced throughout a school year (N = 110) and participated in an end-of-year interview. Data analysis and representation were conducted to identify and illustrate various enacted forms of surface acting. Results: The analysis revealed 70 emergences of surface acting out of the 110 critical incidents collected (63.6%). These 70 critical incidents included four enacted forms of surface acting, in which the valence of the emotional experience and type of dissonance intersected: (a) masking positive emotions, (b) amplifying positive emotions, (c) masking negative emotions, and (d) amplifying negative emotions. Four portrait vignettes are presented to illustrate each of these forms. Discussion/Conclusion: The results enrich the conceptualization of emotional labor in a situational approach and illuminate the daily challenges experienced by physical education teachers in “difficult” contexts.
Pathogen genomics in healthcare: overcoming barriers to proactive surveillance
Authors: Sundermann Alexander J. , Rosa Rossana , Harris Patrick N. A. , Snitkin Evan , Javaid Waleed , Moore Nicholas M. , Hayden Mary K. , Allen Krisandra , Rodino Kyle , Peacock Sharon J. , Abbo Lilian M. , Harrison Lee H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Pathogen genomic surveillance in healthcare has the potential to enhance patient safety by detecting outbreaks earlier, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. Despite benefits, there are barriers to adoption, including cost, expertise, and lack of standardized methodologies and incentives. This commentary advocates for 1) investment from healthcare payors, public health, and regulatory bodies and 2) additional research on genomic surveillance for improving patient outcomes and reducing infections. Effective implementation will require strategic investment and cross-sector collaboration.
Co-occurrence of direct and indirect extracellular electron transfer mechanisms during electroactive respiration in a dissimilatory sulfate reducing bacterium
Authors: Hou Liyuan , Cortez Rebecca , Hagerman Michael , Hu Zhiqiang , Majumder Erica L.-W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Understanding the extracellular electron transfer mechanisms of electroactive bacteria could help determine their potential in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and their microbial syntrophy with redox-active minerals in natural environments. However, the mechanisms of extracellular electron transfer to electrodes by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) remain underexplored. Here, we utilized double-chamber MFCs with carbon cloth electrodes to investigate the extracellular electron transfer mechanisms of
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Hildenborough (
Dv
H), a model SRB, under varying lactate and sulfate concentrations using different
Dv
H mutants. Our MFC setup indicated that
Dv
H can harvest electrons from lactate at the anode and transfer them to cathode, where
Dv
H could further utilize these electrons. Patterns in current production compared with variations of electron donor/acceptor ratios in the anode and cathode suggested that attachment of
Dv
H to the electrode and biofilm density were critical for effective electricity generation. Electron microscopy analysis of
Dv
H biofilms indicated
Dv
H utilized filaments that resemble pili to attach to electrodes and facilitate extracellular electron transfer from cell to cell and to the electrode. Proteomics profiling indicated that
Dv
H adapted to electroactive respiration by presenting more pili- and flagellar-related proteins. The mutant with a deletion of the major pilus-producing gene yielded less voltage and far less attachment to both anodic and catholic electrodes, suggesting the importance of pili in extracellular electron transfer. The mutant with a deficiency in biofilm formation, however, did not eliminate current production indicating the existence of indirect extracellular electron transfer. Untargeted metabolomics profiling showed flavin-based metabolites, potential electron shuttles.

IMPORTANCE

We explored the application of
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Hildenborough in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and investigated its potential extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanism. We also conducted untargeted proteomics and metabolomics profiling, offering insights into how DvH adapts metabolically to different electron donors and acceptors. An understanding of the EET mechanism and metabolic flexibility of
Dv
H holds promise for future uses including bioremediation or enhancing efficacy in MFCs for wastewater treatment applications.
Handgrip strength, cardiometabolic risk and body composition in youth with type 1 diabetes: the Diactive-1 Cohort Study
Authors: Huerta-Uribe Nidia , Hormazábal-Aguayo Ignacio , Muñoz-Pardeza Jacinto , Chueca-Guindulain María J , Berrade-Zubiri Sara , Sesma Carlos Andrés , Sánchez Elisabet Burillo , Ezzatvar Yasmin , Yáñez-Sepúlveda Rodrigo , Izquierdo Mikel , García-Hermoso Antonio 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the association between handgrip strength, cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and body composition in youth with type 1 diabetes.MethodsFor this prospective cohort study, muscular fitness was assessed via handgrip test and relativised by weight, and body composition, evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in type 1 diabetes patients aged 6–18 years. CMR score included z-scores for total body fat, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride-glucose index.ResultsEighty-three patients were analysed at baseline and 1-year follow-up (44.6% females, mean age 12.77 years). Individuals with high handgrip strength tended to have lower CMR and body fat compared with those with low handgrip strength. Over a year, individuals with high handgrip strength showed reduced HbA1c, CMR and subcutaneous fat. Consistently meeting high handgrip strength criteria resulted in reductions in HbA1c levels, CMR score and subcutaneous adipose tissue compared with those who never complied or lost compliance during follow-up. Additionally, subjects classified with high handgrip strength both at baseline and follow-up had a lower likelihood of being classified with high CMR (OR=0.241, 95% CI 0.121 to 0.947, p=0.044).ConclusionsHigh handgrip strength was associated with significant cardiometabolic and body composition benefits in youth with type 1 diabetes. This tool could be considered of potential clinical value for incorporating assessments like handgrip tests to monitor and address cardiometabolic health.
Field performance of two insulation covers for mine site reclamation in an Arctic climate
Authors: Larochelle Chloé G. , Bussière Bruno , Boulanger-Martel Vincent , Wilson G. Ward 
Published: December 2024

Insulation covers can be used to reclaim mine sites in cold regions with continuous permafrost. These covers aim to maintain reactive wastes below a target temperature ( Ttarget ≤ 0 °C) to limit the oxidation reaction kinetics that can lead to acid mine drainage. This study focused on the thermo-hydrogeological behavior and performance of two insulation covers, analyzed using field data collected from experimental cells between 2012 and 2020. The performance of the covers was evaluated based on oxygen fluxes at the tailings–cover interface, which were calculated using the ground temperature and the properties of the reactive tailings. Mean annual oxygen fluxes varied between 0 and 29 mol/m2/year, depending on the cover and the value of Ttarget (0, −2, or −6 °C). The results showed that the hydrogeological properties of the materials influenced the tailings reactivity and the thermal behavior of the cover. In one of the covers, the presence of water (latent heat) contributed to limit the thaw depth, thereby maintaining lower ground temperatures at the tailings–cover interface.
Effect of Temperature of 1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Gel on Enamel Microhardness of Permanent Teeth
Authors: Milani Shabnam , Shahrabi Mehdi , M-Abdi Nazanin 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of temperature of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on enamel microhardness of permanent teeth.Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 36 surgically extracted impacted human third molars. The teeth were mounted in acrylic resin and mesiodistally sectioned into buccal and lingual halves by a high‐speed cutting saw. The buccal halves of the teeth were polished with silicone carbide abrasive paper and subjected to pH cycling (8 h of immersion in demineralizing agent and 16 h of immersion in remineralizing agent) for 10 days. Their primary enamel microhardness was subsequently measured by a Vickers microhardness tester. The specimens were then randomly assigned to three groups (n = 12) for application of 1.23% APF gel at 4, 25, and 37°C for 4 min. The specimens were then rinsed and incubated for 24 h. Their secondary enamel microhardness was subsequently measured, and the change in microhardness of the specimens was calculated and analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA; α = 0.05).Results: The mean percentage of change in microhardness was −0.73% ± 16.8%, −5.28% ± 27.32%, and −7.27% ± 32.28% following the application of APF gel at 4, 25, and 37°C, respectively. The difference among the three groups was not significant regarding the percentage of change in microhardness (p  > 0.05).Conclusion: Increasing the temperature of 1.23% APF gel from 4 to 25°C and 37°C did not cause a significant change in enamel microhardness of permanent teeth.
Energy Stress–Induced circEPB41(2) Promotes Lipogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yang , Luo Jingjing , Wang Zhongyu , Liu Kaiyue , Feng Keyi , Wang Fang , Mei Yide 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating cancer metabolism could help identify potential therapeutic targets. Here, we identified circEPB41(2) as a metabolically regulated circular RNA that mediates lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). circEPB41(2) was induced in response to glucose deprivation via HNRNPA1-dependent alternative splicing. Upregulation of circEPB41(2) led to enhanced lipogenic gene expression that promoted lipogenesis. Mechanistically, circEPB41(2) cooperated with the N6-methyladenosine demethylase FTO to decrease the mRNA stability of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 6, thereby increasing histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation levels to activate lipogenic gene expression. Silencing of circEPB41(2) inhibited both in vitro proliferation of HCC cells and in vivo growth of tumor xenografts. Clinically, circEPB41(2) was elevated in HCC, and high circEPB41(2) expression was associated with poor patient prognosis. Overall, this study reveals that circEPB41(2) is an important regulator of lipid metabolic reprogramming and indicates that targeting the circEPB41(2)–FTO–sirtuin 6 axis could represent a promising anticancer strategy for treating HCC.
Significance: circEPB41(2) is induced by glucose deprivation and mediates epigenetic alterations to drive lipogenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting circEPB41(2) could be a potential therapeutic target in liver cancer.
Where Should the Cancer Control Interventions Target: A Geospatial Hotspot Analysis for Major Cancer Mortality 2018 to 2022 in the United States
Authors: Luo Chongliang , Khan Saira , Jin Liyan , James Aimee S. , Colditz Graham A. , Drake Bettina F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Identifying changes in geographic disparities of cancer mortality reveals locations where cancer prevention and control efforts should be focused/targeted. We use recent cancer surveillance data to demonstrate the geographic disparity of major cancer mortality rates in the United States and its shift compared with previous data.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study used the 2018 to 2022 county-level mortality rates of colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancers from the Centers for Disease Control mortality data. Counties with suppressed death counts were imputed by spatial regression models. Getis–Ord Gi* statistics were used to evaluate the spatial clustering of county mortality. Identified hotspot counties were visualized and compared with literature for hotspot pattern change.

Results:
A total of 3,108 US mainland counties were included. Cancer mortality rates were significantly higher in 244 counties for colorectal, 456 for lung, 147 for breast, and 180 for prostate cancers. Hotspot areas were central Appalachia (colorectal and lung cancers), Lower Mississippi Delta (colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers), Midwest (colorectal and lung cancers), north Michigan/Wisconsin (lung and prostate cancers), north Florida (lung cancer), and the West (prostate cancer).

Conclusions:
West central Appalachia and Lower Mississippi Delta continue to be hotspots for major cancer types, whereas previously identified eastern North Carolina/Virginia hotspots shrunk, east Oklahoma and North Florida emerged as new hotspots for lung cancer, and several hotspots emerged in the West for prostate cancer.

Impact:
This study updated the analyses for geospatial disparity in major cancer mortality since 2018, illustrating recent changes in the disparity pattern and pinpointing areas that cancer prevention and control efforts should target.