bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydration‐Induced Shape and Strength Recovery of the Feather
Authors: Sullivan Tarah N. , Zhang Yunlan , Zavattieri Pablo D. , Meyers Marc A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs necessary appendages to the bird wing for flight, feathers have evolved to address the requirements of aerial locomotion. One of the recently discovered, fascinating aspects of this is their ability to recover shape and strength with hydration. This feature significantly enhances the effectiveness of a bird's flying capability as it allows for the natural restoration of feathers damaged by predators or other external forces. Herein, this capability is analyzed and it is demonstrated that the feather shaft can regain approximately 80% of its strength in the calamus, and 70% in the rachis when subject to a hydration step after being bent to failure. The matrix of the nano‐composite structure within the feather shaft is thought to swell and soften when hydrated, reorienting the stiffer buckled fibers back to their original position. Upon drying, the strength is recovered. Experimental results are found to support this hypothesis, and a finite element calculation of hydration‐induced recovery demonstrates the effect. Smart, self‐healing composites based on approaches learned from the feather have the potential to allow for the creation of a new class of resilient materials.
A Stress‐Free and Textured GaP Template on Silicon for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Lucci Ida , Charbonnier Simon , Vallet Maxime , Turban Pascal , Léger Yoan , Rohel Tony , Bertru Nicolas , Létoublon Antoine , Rodriguez Jean‐Baptiste , Cerutti Laurent , Tournié Eric , Ponchet Anne , Patriarche Gilles , Pedesseau Laurent , Cornet Charles 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis work shows that a large‐scale textured GaP template monolithically integrated on Si can be developed by using surface energy engineering, for water‐splitting applications. The stability of (114)A facets is first shown, based on scanning tunneling microscopy images, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. These observations are then discussed in terms of thermodynamics through density functional theory calculations. A stress‐free nanopatterned surface is obtained by molecular beam epitaxy, composed of a regular array of GaP (114)A facets over a 2 in. vicinal Si substrate. The advantages of such textured (114)A GaP/Si template in terms of surface gain, band lineups, and ohmic contacts for water‐splitting applications are finally discussed.
2‐Azaallyl Anions as Light‐Tunable Super‐Electron‐Donors: Coupling with Aryl Fluorides, Chlorides, and Bromides
Authors: Wang Qianmei , Poznik Michal , Li Minyan , Walsh Patrick J. , Chruma Jason J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, we present 2‐azaallyl anions as colored super‐electron‐donors capable of reducing a collection of aryl halides via a single electron transfer and coupling with the corresponding radicals to forge new C−C bonds. This offers a robust approach for the arylation of 2‐azaallyls. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reactions proceed via either a radical pathway for aryl bromides and chlorides or a SNAr mechanism for activated aryl fluorides. Moreover, we demonstrate that irradiation of the colored 2‐azaallyl anions with visible light can further extend their reducing power, enabling radical‐mediated coupling with otherwise unreactive electron‐rich aryl halides. Isolated yields up to 94% are obtained and the overall relevance and utility is demonstrated by the derivatization of both a known pharmaceutical agent and a popular fluorophore.magnified image
3D‐Printed Organic–Ceramic Complex Hybrid Structures with High Silica Content
Authors: Shukrun Efrat , Cooperstein Ido , Magdassi Shlomo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic sol gel inks that can undergo both condensation and radical polymerization are developed, enabling fabrication of complex objects by additive manufacturing technology, yielding 3D objects with superior properties. The 3D objects have very high silica content and are printed by digital light processing commercial printers. The printed lightweight objects are characterized by excellent mechanical strength compared to currently used high‐performance polymers (139 MPa), very high stability at elevated temperatures (heat deflection temperature >270 °C), high transparency (89%), and lack of cracks, with glossiness similar to silica glasses. The new inks fill the gap in additive manufacturing of objects composed of ceramics only and organic materials only, thus enabling harnessing the advantages of both worlds of materials.
A Layered–Tunnel Intergrowth Structure for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Oxide Cathode
Authors: Xiao Yao , Wang Peng‐Fei , Yin Ya‐Xia , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Yang Xinan , Zhang Xu‐Dong , Wang Yuesheng , Guo Xiao‐Dong , Zhong Ben‐He , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDelivery of high‐energy density with long cycle life is facing a severe challenge in developing cathode materials for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Here a composite Na0.6MnO2 with layered–tunnel structure combining intergrowth morphology of nanoplates and nanorods for SIBs, which is clearly confirmed by micro scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy as well as scanning transmission electron microscopy with atomic resolution is presented. Owing to the integrated advantages of P2 layered structure with high capacity and that of the tunnel structure with excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance, the composite electrode delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 198.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2C rate, leading to a high‐energy density of 520.4 Wh kg−1. This intergrowth integration engineering strategy may modulate the physical and chemical properties in oxide cathodes and provide new perspectives on the optimal design of high‐energy density and high‐stable materials for SIBs.
Need for Revisiting the Use of Magnetic Oxides as Electrode Materials in Supercapacitors: Unequivocal Evidence of Significant Variation in Specific Capacitance under Variable Magnetic Field
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Biswas Sudipta , Chandra Amreesh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA simple question, which remains ignored in the field of supercapacitors is: will the device performance be affected near a magnetic field, if it is fabricated using electrode materials that are also magnetic? It is shown in this paper that the answer is: yes, it will be appreciably affected! The modulation in the specific capacitance is a convoluted picture of variation: diffusion mechanics of solvated cations, Nernst layer at the interface, magnetoresistance, and associated I–V response. The magnetic field also has direct control on the value at which saturation in specific capacitance is observed in such devices. Nearly a 170% increase in energy density at 1 A g−1 is observed by varying the magnetic field from 0 to 5 mT and a ten fold increase in power density is observed at 5 mT when current density is increased from 1 to 5 A g−1. These results clearly show that electronic circuitry designed using supercapacitors needs to be reworked/designed if it is to be used in or around magnetic environment. To prove the concept and have a complete picture in one article, the paper presents results on nanosized magnetic metal oxides based on the four ferromagnetic elements, Fe, Co, Mn, and Ni.
Chromophoraktivierung von α,β‐ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen und ihre Anwendung in enantioselektiven Photoreaktionen
Authors: Brenninger Christoph , Jolliffe John D. , Bach Thorsten 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDas erste Gesetz der Photochemie, das auf Theodor von Grotthuß und John W. Draper zurückgeht, besagt, dass nur der Teil des Lichts, der durch Materie absorbiert wird, eine Wirkung hervorruft. Entsprechend lässt sich das Reaktionsverhalten einer chemischen Verbindung steuern, wenn ihr Absorptionsverhalten der Emission der Lichtquelle angepasst wird. Eine chemische Verbindung mit einem Chromophor, der nur bei einer niedrigen Wellenlänge Licht absorbiert, wird durch langwellige Strahlung nicht angeregt. Gelingt es durch eine reversible chemische Modifikation, die photophysikalischen Eigenschaften des Chromophors zu verändern, kann man selektiv diese modifizierte Spezies anregen. Diese Chromophoraktivierung wird in α,β‐ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen durch Lewis‐Säuren, Brønsted‐Säuren oder die Bildung von Iminiumionen hervorgerufen und kann dazu genutzt werden, Photoreaktionen bei vorgegebener Wellenlänge zu katalysieren. In diesem Kurzaufsatz wird das Konzept der Chromophoraktivierung vorgestellt, und es werden konkrete Anwendungen in der enantioselektiven Katalyse besprochen.
Monochalcoplatin: An Actively Transported, Quickly Reducible, and Highly Potent PtIV Anticancer Prodrug
Authors: Ma Lili , Wang Na , Ma Rong , Li Cai , Xu Zoufeng , Tse Man‐Kit , Zhu Guangyu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecently, PtIV prodrugs have attracted much attention as the next generation of platinum‐based antineoplastic drug candidates. Here we report the discovery and evaluation of monochalcoplatin, a monocarboxylated PtIV prodrug that is among the most cytotoxic PtIV prodrugs to date. Compared with its dicarboxylated counterpart chalcoplatin, monochalcoplatin accumulates astonishingly effectively and rapidly in cancer cells, which is not ascribed to its lipophilicity. The prodrug is quickly reduced, causes DNA damage, and induces apoptosis, resulting in superior cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the nanomolar range in both cisplatin‐sensitive and ‐resistant cells; these IC50 values are up to 422‐fold higher than that of cisplatin. A detailed mechanistic study reveals that monochalcoplatin actively enters cells through a transporter‐mediated process. Moreover, monochalcoplatin shows significant antitumor activity in an in vivo colorectal tumor model. Our study implies a practical strategy for the design of more effective PtIV prodrugs to conquer drug resistance by tuning both cellular uptake pathways and activation processes.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Direct Olefination of Methyl‐Substituted Heteroarenes with Primary Alcohols
Authors: Barman Milan K. , Waiba Satyadeep , Maji Biplab 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, we present the first catalytic direct olefination of methyl‐substituted heteroarenes with primary alcohols through an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling. The reaction is catalyzed by a complex of the earth‐abundant transition metal manganese that is stabilized by a bench‐stable NNN pincer ligand derived from 2‐hydrazinylpyridine. The reaction is environmentally benign, producing only hydrogen and water as byproducts. A large number of E‐disubstituted olefins were selectively obtained with high efficiency.
Heavy Metal Removal by Fixed‐Bed Column – A Review
Authors: Malik Davendra Singh , Jain Chakresh Kumar , Yadav Anuj Kumar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIndustrial wastewater often contains heavy metals that, if not removed, pose a risk to the environment. Therefore, an extended overview of different methods for heavy metal removal by columns was conducted. Column studies are dependent on the flow rate, bed height and diameter, breakthrough curve, type of wastewater, and adsorbent. The fixed‐bed column is most commonly used for metal sequestration in aqueous media. Column studies have advantages due to industrial scale applicability and can treat large quantities of wastewater. Many kinetics models are applied in column studies like Adam‐Bohart, Yoon Nelson, Bed Depth/Service Time, Thomas, and Clark. This paper deals with the use of modified or non‐modified adsorbents for the treatment of metal‐laden water and wastewater by column technique.
Novel use of cutting balloon to manage compressive subintimal hematoma during left main stenting in a patient with spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: McGrath Brent M. , Vo Minh N. 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a common cause of acute coronary syndrome particularly in younger women. Good outcomes with conservative management are generally expected. However, there is uncertainty of how to manage symptomatic or unstable patients. Percutaneous angioplasty may propagate the subintimal hematoma compromising coronary blood flow. Cutting balloon angioplasty can relieve the compressive effects of a propagated subintimal hematoma in SCAD.
Rifaximin as a rare cause of rhabdomyolysis in cirrhosis
Authors: Rezigh Alec B. , Armenia Erin , Li Ting , Soesilo Irene 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageRifaximin has only been rarely reported to cause rhabdomyolysis. When physical and nonphysical etiologies have been excluded, thorough review of the patient’s medication list is necessary. In cirrhotics, the potential harm of rifaximin in treatment or prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy should be recognized.
Carbon‐Coated Na2.2V1.2Ti0.8(PO4)3 Cathode with Excellent Cycling Performance for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lei Ping , Wang Yao , Zhang Fang , Wan Xin , Xiang Xingde 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAqueous sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) show promising applications in fields of sustainable energies such as wind and solar, owing to wide availability of sodium resources and incombustibility of aqueous electrolytes. However, they are still challenged by poor cycling performance of Na‐storage electrode materials. Herein, carbon‐coated Na2.2V1.2Ti0.8(PO4)3 is reported as a novel cathode for high‐performance aqueous SIBs, which is obtained by studying the effect of Ti substitution on the charge/discharge properties of a Na3‐xV2‐xTix(PO4)3 (0≤x≤1) system in 6 M NaClO4 aqueous electrolyte. Experimental results indicate that the material is composed of approximately 200 nm Na2.2V1.2Ti0.8(PO4)3 crystals uniformly coated with a thin layer of carbon (ca. 4 nm). During Na extraction/insertion, it undergoes a one‐step, two‐phase reaction mechanism through the reversible electrochemistry of the V4+/V3+ redox couple, showing a reversible capacity of around 62 mAh g−1 at the current rate of 1 C and a well‐defined potential plateau of 0.50 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). More importantly, it achieves outstanding high‐rate capability with a discharge capacity of approximately 40 mAh g−1 at the current rate of 10 C, and excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of 93.4 % after 500 cycles. The good electrochemical performance is attributed to the unique Ti‐substituted composition, thin‐layered carbon coating and high‐concentration electrolytes.
Synthesis, Crystallization Studies, and in vitro Characterization of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as SmHDAC8 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis
Authors: Bayer Theresa , Chakrabarti Alokta , Lancelot Julien , Shaik Tajith B. , Hausmann Kristin , Melesina Jelena , Schmidtkunz Karin , Marek Martin , Erdmann Frank , Schmidt Matthias , Robaa Dina , Romier Christophe , Pierce Raymond J. , Jung Manfred , Sippl Wolfgang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 265 million people worldwide and for which the control strategy relies on mass treatment with only one drug: praziquantel. Based on the 3‐chlorobenzothiophene‐2‐hydroxamic acid J1075, a series of hydroxamic acids with different scaffolds were prepared as potential inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (SmHDAC8). The crystal structures of SmHDAC8 with four inhibitors provided insight into the binding mode and orientation of molecules in the binding pocket as well as the orientation of its flexible amino acid residues. The compounds were evaluated in screens for inhibitory activity against schistosome and human HDACs. The most promising compounds were further investigated for their activity toward the major human HDAC isotypes. The most potent inhibitors were additionally screened for lethality against the schistosome larval stage using a fluorescence‐based assay. Two of the compounds showed significant, dose‐dependent killing of the schistosome larvae and markedly impaired egg laying of adult worm pairs maintained in culture.
Facile Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Concave Octahedral Pt−Cu Alloy Nanocrystals and their Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Yang Jing , Su Manman , Zhao Yanxi , Li Jinlin , Li Mei , Huang Tao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWell‐defined concave octahedral Pt−Cu alloy nanocrystals were rapidly synthesized by reducing Pt(IV) and Cu(II) precursors simultaneously in a one‐step process under microwave irradiation for 110 s in the presence of PVP and an appropriate amount of KI. The optimum molar ratio of H2PtCl6/CuCl2/KI/PVP was 1/3/30/45 with a total concentration of the Pt(IV) and Cu(II) precursors of 4 mM in the reaction system. Tetraethylene glycol (TEG) was used as both a solvent and a reducing agent and the use of KI was critical to the formation of Pt−Cu alloy concave octahedral nanocrystals. In addition, microwave irradiation is advantageous to the generation of nano‐alloy by promoting the simultaneous reduction of mixed metallic species. The as‐prepared concave octahedral Pt−Cu alloy nanocrystals improved significantly electrocatalytic activity relative to the commercial Pt black.
A new source‐filter model audio bandwidth extension using high frequency perception feature for IoT communications
Authors: Jiang Lin , Yu Shaoqian , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Chao , Wang Tonghan 
Published: May 2018

SummaryAudio coding is a generic technology to IoT applications system. Audio bandwidth extension is a standard technique within contemporary audio codecs to efficiently code audio signals at low bitrates. In existing methods, high frequency signal is generated by a duplication of the corresponding low frequency and some parameters of high frequency. However, the perception quality of coding will significantly degrade if the correlation between high and low frequency becomes weak. In this paper, we proposed a new source‐filter model audio bandwidth extension method. In our method, a perception feature of the high frequency signal is extracted to restore the perception quality of coding. In the decoder side, the crest factor and noise level are obtained under the constraint of the high frequency perception parameter. The performance shown in our experiment results are superior to the classic methods. Compared with the state of art method, the proposed method is also comparative because of the coding bitrate is significantly reduced and keeps a close perception quality of coding. This paper also provided a new solution for IoT communications that requires low bitrates and high quality of coding, especially like Internet of Vehicles.
Hydrothermal Crystallization of Nano‐Titanium Dioxide for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Kundu Simanta , Polshettiwar Vivek 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPerfect crystallization of active sites in supported TiO2 photocatalysts is still a challenge. In this work, we report a new photocatalyst design by the unique combination of nanomaterial morphology and an active site crystallization procedure. This yielded nano‐TiO2 based photocatalysts with one of the highest reported photocatalytic hydrogen yields. Hydrothermal crystallization of amorphous TiO2 sites was found to be key step to generate highly active TiO2 sites which in turn improved their catalytic activities significantly. These catalysts were then sensitized by CdSe quantum dots to achieve visible‐light‐active photocatalytic hydrogen generation.
Maternal behavior predicts neural underpinnings of inhibitory control in preschoolers
Authors: Swingler Margaret M. , Isbell Elif , Zeytinoglu Selin , Calkins Susan D. , Leerkes Esther M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeparate lines of research have revealed that the rapid development of inhibitory control in the preschool period is closely tied to normative brain development and influenced by early mother–child interactions. One potential theory is that maternal behavior in the context of early interactions influences the neural underpinnings of inhibitory control in development, with implications for child behavior. The purpose of this paper was to examine whether maternal emotional support, measured during a mother–child problem‐solving game, predicted child neural responses (frontal‐central N2 event‐related potential) and behavioral performance (discrimination index,d′)in a go/no‐go task of inhibitory control in a large, diverse sample of mother–child dyads (N = 276) observed in children's last year of preschool (mean age = 56 months). Results of a structural equation model revealed significant direct effects from maternal emotional support to child right hemisphere frontal‐central N2 responses to no‐go (inhibitory control) trials; greater observed emotional support predicted larger N2 responses. Larger right hemisphere N2 responses to no‐go trials were also associated with better overall observed task performance (d′). A test of indirect effects from maternal emotional support to child observed performance via right hemisphere N2 responses was significant, suggesting that underlying neurophysiology is one mechanism through which maternal emotional support is associated with a child's rapidly developing inhibitory control behavior in the preschool period. This work joins a growing literature demonstrating that caregiver behavior within a “normative” range is an important environmental factor contributing to the development of neural processes supporting child functioning.
A CreER mouse to study melanin concentrating hormone signaling in the developing brain
Authors: Engle Staci E. , Antonellis Patrick J. , Whitehouse Logan S. , Bansal Ruchi , Emond Michelle R. , Jontes James D. , Kesterson Robert A. , Mykytyn Kirk , Berbari Nicolas F. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe neuropeptide, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), and its G protein‐coupled receptor, melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (Mchr1), are expressed centrally in adult rodents. MCH signaling has been implicated in diverse behaviors such as feeding, sleep, anxiety, as well as addiction and reward. While a model utilizing the Mchr1 promoter to drive constitutive expression of Cre recombinase (Mchr1‐Cre) exists, there is a need for an inducible Mchr1‐Cre to determine the roles for this signaling pathway in neural development and adult neuronal function. Here, we generated a BAC transgenic mouse where the Mchr1 promotor drives expression of tamoxifen inducible CreER recombinase. Many aspects of the Mchr1‐Cre expression pattern are recapitulated by the Mchr1‐CreER model, though there are also notable differences. Most strikingly, compared to the constitutive model, the new Mchr1‐CreER model shows strong expression in adult animals in hypothalamic brain regions involved in feeding behavior but diminished expression in regions involved in reward, such as the nucleus accumbens. The inducible Mchr1‐CreER allele will help reveal the potential for Mchr1 signaling to impact neural development and subsequent behavioral phenotypes, as well as contribute to the understanding of the MCH signaling pathway in terminally differentiated adult neurons and the diverse behaviors that it influences.
GINA at Ten and the Future of Genetic Nondiscrimination Law
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMay 21, 2018, marks the tenth anniversary of the signing into law of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. The Congressional deliberations for GINA were long and difficult. The original bill was introduced in 1995, and for many years, it did not look as if the bill would ever emerge from committee. Several of its provisions raised concerns for insurers, employers, and other stakeholders. After thirteen years, the controversial provisions were either deleted, revised, or clarified.At this ten‐year mark, it is appropriate to take stock of GINA. In light of GINA's glacial legislative history, it is reasonable to start thinking about the necessity, wisdom, and feasibility of amending GINA or enacting new legislation to address unresolved or emerging issues of genetic discrimination and trends in genetics, genomics, precision medicine, and related technologies.