bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Humoral Responses Against HIV Envelope Trimers via Nanoparticle Delivery with Stabilized Synthetic Liposomes
Authors: Tokatlian Talar , Kulp Daniel W. , Mutafyan Andrew A. , Jones Christopher A. , Menis Sergey , Georgeson Erik , Kubitz Mike , Zhang Michael H. , Melo Mariane B. , Silva Murillo , Yun Dong Soo , Schief William R. , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn HIV vaccine capable of eliciting durable neutralizing antibody responses continues to be an important unmet need. Multivalent nanoparticles displaying a high density of envelope trimers may be promising immunogen forms to elicit strong and durable humoral responses to HIV, but critical particle design criteria remain to be fully defined. To this end, we developed strategies to covalently anchor a stabilized gp140 trimer, BG505 MD39, on the surfaces of synthetic liposomes to study the effects of trimer density and vesicle stability on vaccine-elicited humoral responses in mice. CryoEM imaging revealed homogeneously distributed and oriented MD39 on the surface of liposomes irrespective of particle size, lipid composition, and conjugation strategy. Immunization with covalent MD39-coupled liposomes led to increased germinal center and antigen-specific T follicular helper cell responses and significantly higher avidity serum MD39-specific IgG responses compared to immunization with soluble MD39 trimers. A priming immunization with liposomal-MD39 was important for elicitation of high avidity antibody responses, regardless of whether booster immunizations were administered with either soluble or particulate trimers. The stability of trimer anchoring to liposomes was critical for these effects, as germinal center and output antibody responses were further increased by liposome compositions incorporating sphingomyelin that exhibited high in vitro stability in the presence of serum. Together these data highlight key liposome design features for optimizing humoral immunity to lipid nanoparticle immunogens.
Massive Stokes shift in 12-coordinate Ce(NO2)63−: crystal structure, vibrational and electronic spectra
Authors: Luo Yuxia , Hau Chun-Kit , Yeung Yau Yuen , Wong Ka-Leung , Shiu Kwok Keung , Tanner Peter A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Ce3+ ion in Cs2NaCe(NO2)6 (I), which comprises the unusual Th site symmetry of the Ce(NO2)63− ion, demonstrates the largest Ce-O Stokes shift of 8715 cm−1 and the low emission quenching temperature of 53 K. The activation energy for quenching changes with temperature, attributed to relative shifts of the two potential energy curves involved. The splitting of the Ce3+ 5d1 state into two levels separated by 4925 cm−1 is accounted for by a first principles calculation using the crystal structure data of I. The NO2− energy levels and spectra were investigated also in Cs2NaLa(NO2)6 and modelled by hybrid DFT. The vibrational and electronic spectral properties have been thoroughly investigated and rationalized at temperatures down to 10 K. A comparison of Stokes shifts with other Ce-O systems emphasizes the dependence upon the coordination number of Ce3+.
Different responses of colorectal cancer cells to alternative sequences of cetuximab and oxaliplatin
Authors: Narvi Elli , Vaparanta Katri , Karrila Anna , Chakroborty Deepankar , Knuutila Sakari , Pulliainen Arto , Sundvall Maria , Elenius Klaus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTherapeutic protocols including EGFR antibodies in the context of oxaliplatin-based regimens have variable clinical effect in colorectal cancer. Here, we tested the effect of the EGFR antibody cetuximab in different sequential combinations with oxaliplatin on the growth of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cetuximab reduced the efficacy of oxaliplatin when administered before oxaliplatin but provided additive effect when administered after oxaliplatin regardless of the KRAS or BRAF mutation status of the cells. Systemic gene expression and protein phosphorylation screens revealed alternatively activated pathways regulating apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA damage response. Functional assays indicated that cetuximab-induced arrest of the cells into the G1 phase of the cell cycle was associated with reduced responsiveness of the cells to subsequent treatment with oxaliplatin. In contrast, oxaliplatin-enhanced responsiveness to subsequent treatment with cetuximab was associated with increased apoptosis, inhibition of STAT3 activity and increased EGFR down-regulation. This preclinical study indicates that optimizing the sequence of administration may enhance the antitumor effect of combination therapy with EGFR antibodies and oxaliplatin.
Tunable Magnetocaloric Effect in Ni-Mn-Ga Microwires
Authors: Qian Mingfang , Zhang Xuexi , Wei Longsha , Martin Peter , Sun Jianfei , Geng Lin , Scott Thomas Bligh , Peng Hua-Xin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMagnetic refrigeration is of great interest due to its high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness and low cost. However, undesired hysteresis losses, concentrated working temperature interval (WTI) and poor mechanical stability are vital drawbacks that hinder its practical application. Off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloys are capable of giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and tunable transformation temperatures. Here, by creating Ni-Mn-Ga microwires with diameter of 35–80 μm using a melt-extraction technique, negligible hysteresis and relatively good mechanical stability are found due to the high specific surface area (SSA) that reduces incompatibility between neighboring grains. The high SSA also favors the element evaporation at high temperatures so that the transformation temperatures can be feasibly adjusted. Tunable magnetocaloric effect owing to different magneto-structural coupling states is realized by (i) composition design and subsequent tuning, which adjusts the temperature difference between the martensite transformation (MT) and the magnetic transition, and (ii) creation of gradient composition distribution state, which manipulates the MT range. Magnetic entropy change ΔSm ~−18.5 J kg−1 K−1 with relatively concentrated WTI and WTI up to ~60 K with net refrigeration capacity ~240 J kg−1 at 50 kOe are demonstrated in the present Ni-Mn-Ga microwires. This criterion is also applicable for other small-sized materials.
Phonon diffraction and dimensionality crossover in phonon-interface scattering
Authors: Hanus Riley , Garg Anupam , Snyder G. Jeffery 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThermal resistance at interfaces and grain boundaries is important in a range of fields from microelectronics to energy materials. Standard models treat interfaces as structureless even though at the nanoscale they are often better described as arrays of linear defects. Here, we examine several characteristics of heat transport that arise when considering such a structure at the interface. When heat carrying phonons scatter off linear defect arrays, diffraction of phonons occurs. Furthermore, a dimensionality crossover is observed in diffusive transport. Phonons transition from seeing a structureless planar defect when their wavelength is longer than the defect spacing, $$\lambda \gtrsim D$$
λ
≳
D
, to seeing the interface as a collection of independently scattering linear defects when $$\lambda \lesssim D$$
λ
≲
D
. By applying this theory to grain boundary strain-field scattering, we show that this dimensionality crossover can explain the frequency dependence of grain boundary scattering and transmissivity, which results in the T2 temperature dependence observed in the low-T thermal conductivity of poly/nanocrystalline materials.
Signal and noise in helioseismic holography
Authors: Gizon Laurent , Fournier Damien , Yang Dan , Birch Aaron C. , Barucq Hélène 
Published: November 2018

Context. Helioseismic holography is an imaging technique used to study heterogeneities and flows in the solar interior from observations of solar oscillations at the surface. Holographic images contain noise due to the stochastic nature of solar oscillations.
Aims. We aim to provide a theoretical framework for modeling signal and noise in Porter–Bojarski helioseismic holography.
Methods. The wave equation may be recast into a Helmholtz-like equation, so as to connect with the acoustics literature and define the holography Green’s function in a meaningful way. Sources of wave excitation are assumed to be stationary, horizontally homogeneous, and spatially uncorrelated. Using the first Born approximation we calculated holographic images in the presence of perturbations in sound-speed, density, flows, and source covariance, as well as the noise level as a function of position. This work is a direct extension of the methods used in time-distance helioseismology to model signal and noise.
Results. To illustrate the theory, we compute the holographic image intensity numerically for a buried sound-speed perturbation at different depths in the solar interior. The reference Green’s function is obtained for a spherically-symmetric solar model using a finite-element solver in the frequency domain. Below the pupil area on the surface, we find that the spatial resolution of the holographic image intensity is very close to half the local wavelength. For a sound-speed perturbation of size comparable to the local spatial resolution, the signal-to-noise ratio is approximately constant with depth. Averaging the image intensity over a number N of frequencies above 3 mHz increases the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor nearly equal to the square root of N. This may not be the case at lower frequencies, where large variations in the holographic signal are due to the contributions from the long-lived modes of oscillation.
A New Technique for Augmentation Rhinoplasty Using Hybrid Autologous Grafts with Septal Extension Grafts in Asian Patients
Authors: Mizuno Tsutomu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAugmentation rhinoplasty is commonly performed to raise the nasal dorsum in Asian individuals. However, materials used for dorsal augmentation are associated with various surgical challenges and complications. In this article, the authors present a novel dorsal augmentation technique combining hybrid autologous costal grafts with septal extension grafts. The records of 28 patients (19 women and 9 men; mean age: 27 years; range: 18–43 years) who underwent augmentation rhinoplasty (primary or revision) with our novel technique from December 2007 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Our technique included septal extension grafts for nasal tip projection and hybrid costal cartilage grafts, with a solid boat-shaped portion for bony dorsum augmentation and a fascia-wrapped diced cartilage graft for cartilaginous dorsum augmentation. Objective and subjective outcomes and complications were evaluated. Anthropometric parameters were measured on facial photographs to evaluate surgical outcomes in the 15 primary cases. Objective anthropometric measurements revealed successful augmentation of all nasal parameters. The nasal tip was mobile and comfortable in all patients. Among the 28 patients, 12 (42.9%) were very satisfied, 10 (35.7%) were satisfied, and 6 (21.4%) were unsatisfied with surgical results and required revision surgery. No immediate postoperative complications occurred. Ten (35.7%) patients experienced graft-related complications, including visibility or warping of the solid graft, supratip depression, and caudal deviation of the septal extension graft. None of these complications was serious. Augmentation rhinoplasty using hybrid autologous costal grafts with septal extension grafts allows dorsal augmentation with suitable graft material for each recipient site and can achieve successful outcomes in Asian patients.
History of High-Resolution Anoscopy
Authors: Groves Emily , Lao Victoria , Cho S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh-resolution anoscopy (HRA) is a form of low-resolution anal microscopy currently utilized in the screening and management of anal squamous dysplasia. No randomized controlled trials, national or international guidelines exist on the use of HRA for this purpose. Much of our understanding of this entity has been adapted from the literature on cervical squamous dysplasia, including the technique of HRA itself. Epidemiologic evidence has shown that the prevalence and incidence of anal dysplasia is highest in HIV-positive populations. The history of this technique parallels the evolution of our understanding of anal dysplasia. To understand the history of the use of HRA and its place in the screening and management of anal squamous dysplasia, we discuss key advances in the understanding of human papillomavirus–related squamous dysplasia. We begin with early reports in the field establishing the link between this virus and squamous dysplasia, through the marked increase in anal cancer seen with the onset of the HIV epidemic, the identification of relevant populations at risk, the performance of the test itself, to its use today.
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Cancer of the Anus
Authors: Hoedema Rebecca 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is the premalignant condition of the anal squamous tissue. It is associated with the human papilloma virus and is considered the transition prior to the invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma. It is typically asymptomatic and can be either an incidental finding after anorectal surgery or identified when high-risk patient populations are screened. Once AIN is diagnosed, the optimal management remains controversial, partly because the natural history of the disease is unclear. Surgical management of the disease has essentially been replaced by more conservative treatment options and can range from expectant management to topical therapy to photodynamic therapy. The aim of this article is to review the varied treatment options and to briefly review prevention strategies.
Cost-Effective Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Simulation
Authors: Alinier Guillaume 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis invited review article was presented orally on the occasion of the South West Asian Chapter conference of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) held in New Delhi, India in January 2018. It has an educational focus on the topic of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which is increasingly being used as a lifesaving bridge therapy. A case is being made regarding the adage “practice makes perfect” to be considered in the context of simulation-based education to ensure patient safety. Technology-enhanced simulation-based deliberate practice should be used more commonly to support clinicians in the development of all their professional skills. This is an ethical imperative that may be addressed using low-cost simulation modalities that are sometimes proven to be as effective as more expensive approaches. Educators can now design their programs according to published best practice standards for the benefit of their learners, and ultimately the patients they care for. Simulation-based education clearly has a place and important role to play in preparing ECMO teams dealing with routine procedures as well as emergency situations. Several solution and approaches are being presented alongside innovative work currently being done in collaboration between a regional ELSO center of excellence and an academic institution. This innovative simulator is composed of several modules serving different functions required for the simulation of ECMO emergencies at a much lower cost than using the real machine and its various expensive disposable components.
Sepsis in Post Cardiac Surgery Patient – A Rare Cause
Authors: Singh Sarvesh , Singh Sukhjeet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA 32-year-old patient who underwent cardiac surgery and developed sepsis in the postoperative period is described. Septic arthritis of knee joint as a rare cause of sepsis in the post cardiac surgery patient is discussed. The role of routine examination of joints in patients under evaluation for sepsis is emphasized.
Simulation for Safety in the Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Sharma Ruchik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTreating congenital heart disease is a high-risk, high-benefit scenario, be it in the operating rooms or in cardiac catheterization labs. Inherent to the high-risk nature of the disease, adverse events of varying severity can happen during cath or surgical intervention. These have been traditionally the ‘real’ clinical teaching for the physician. Simulation technology helps physicians to be trained stress-free in zero-risk environments, especially for the low-frequency, high-risk events. But as always, introduction of new technology faces barriers, so is the case with simulators. Anesthesiology proudly compares itself to the aviation industry, which had also ridiculed aviation simulators in the 1970s. Now they are mandated by all worldwide aviation training authorities. Maybe its time for the anesthesiologists to take the lead in simulation in the health care sector too.
Comparison of Ultrafast Tracking Anesthesia versus Conventional Strategy in Postoperative Management of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Nagre Amarja 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction Conventional strategy in the postoperative ventilation was a long-established practice in former times but now fast tracking is an acknowledged technique. This study was embarked to assess the impact of ultrafast tracking on patient recovery and length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) compared with conventional methods in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) patients.
Methods Fifty patients were enrolled in each group. Exclusion criteria were patients with ejection fraction > 30%, hemodynamically unstable, on intra-aortic balloon pump, associated valvular heart disease, and intraoperative conversion to on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Ultrafast tracking of anesthesia (UFTA) protocol included induction with low dose fentanyl, propofol, and vecuronium. Maintenance of anesthesia was done with sevoflurane, fentanyl, and atracurium whereas analgesia was done with tramadol and paracetamol.
Results Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 21.0 program. Fischer’s test, chi-square test, independent t-test/Mann–Whitney U tests were used for calculations. Extubation time was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Shift to ward was 3.96 ± 0.73 days in UFTA group and 4.34 ± 0.66 days in conventional group which proved statistically significant (p = 0.0073). No patients in both groups had postoperative myocardial infarction, stroke, low cardiac output, or mediastinitis. Renal failure and mortality were 2% in conventional group. Hypothermia, pacemaker dependency, blood transfusion, inotrope score, atrial fibrillation, re-exploration, and reintubation were monitored. No reintubation occurred in UFTA group.
Conclusion UFTA appears to be safe and effective in OPCAB patients with early shift from ICU without any major complications.
Population versus Customized Growth Curves: Prediction of Composite Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Mendez-Figueroa Hector , Chauhan Suneet P. , Barrett Tyisha , Truong Van Thi Thanh , Pedroza Claudia , Blackwell Sean C. 
Published: November 2018

Objective To assess the ability of customized and population growth nomograms in identifying newborns with composite neonatal morbidity (CNM).
Study Design This study included women who participated in the 10 Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) trials and delivered a nonanomalous singleton with a known gestational age (GA) of 24 weeks or more and documented birthweight. Population nomograms were based on Alexander's nomogram, whereas customized nomograms used publicly available softwares. Random-effect logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated to assess nomogram performance.
Results Of 92,225 women, 85% met the inclusion criteria. Using the population nomogram, 12% were small for gestational age (SGA) and 10% were large for gestational age (LGA), and using customized nomograms, 15% were SGA and 16% LGA. SGA newborns had a higher likelihood of CNM (aOR: 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.48–2.76) for population nomograms and 3.22 (95% CI: 3.07–3.39) for customized nomograms. LGA newborns had a similar CNM with population nomogram but significantly higher with customized nomogram (aOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.34–1.50). For the adverse outcomes among SGA and LGA, the positive LRs for the two nomograms were similar with overlapping 95% CI.
Conclusion Though both SGA and LGA are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, the detection using both nomograms was similar.
Assessment of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: De Carli Angelo , Monaco Edoardo , Mazza Daniele , Argento Giuseppe , Redler Andrea , Proietti Lorenzo , Gaj Edoardo , Ferretti Andrea 
Published: November 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee by the use of 1.5 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a series of young patients without knee injuries.
Methods Subjects aged 18 years or older without an anterior cruciate ligament injury, as confirmed on MRI, were included. MRI examinations were all performed on 1.5 T scans. The ALL was defined as the low signal band originating from the region of the lateral epicondyle of the femur, crossing the proximal surface of the lateral collateral ligament, deep to the iliotibial band, and inserting onto the tibia between the Gerdy's tubercle and the fibular head.
Results Twenty-six patients met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled into the study. In one patient, it was not possible to visualize the ALL. In all the other subjects, the ligament originated anterior and distal to the lateral epicondyle and inserted on the proximal tibia approximately 5 mm below the joint line and just distal to the Gerdy's tubercle. It had an average length of 33 ± 1.2 mm, an average width of 5.5 ± 0.3 mm, and an average thickness of 2 mm.
Conclusion The ALL is a distinct structure of the anterolateral capsule that can be easily identified using 1.5 T MRI scans.
Level of Evidence This is a level IV, observational study.
Integrating National Standards in the curricular development, implementation, and student outcomes of a post-secondary Chinese language program
Authors: Lin Nina , Chung Marina , Zeng Hong , Zhang Youping , Sun Chaofen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper chronicles the development of a post-secondary Chinese program after the establishment of the Language Center at Stanford University in 1995. It outlines a continuous process of curriculum development aiming to be consistent with the National Standards for Foreign Language Learning (ACTFL, 2006) and World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages (ACTFL, 2014). It also describes assessment programs implemented to obtain data on students’ oral and writing proficiency levels at the end of 150 hours of instruction (completion of first-year Chinese) and at the end of 300 hours of instruction (completion of second-year Chinese). Because Chinese is a non-cognate language to English, students’ achieving ACTFL proficiency levels of Intermediate Low in oral and writing proficiency at the end of their first year and achieving Intermediate Mid and higher at the end of their second year indicates the program’s successful curricular design and implementation. This paper outlines the main factors contributing to this success.