bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring and Reconstructing Ancestral Anatomies using Ontology-Informed Approaches
Authors: Tarasov Sergei , Miko Istvan , Yoder Matthew , Uyeda Josef 
Published: June 2019

Ancestral character state reconstruction has been long used to gain insight into the evolution of individual traits in organisms. However, organismal anatomies (= entire phenotypes) are not merely ensembles of individual traits, rather they are complex systems where traits interact with each other due to anatomical dependencies (when one trait depends on the presence of another trait) and developmental constraints. Comparative phylogenetics has been largely lacking a method for reconstructing the evolution of entire organismal anatomies or organismal body regions. Herein, we present a new approach named PARAMO (Phylogenetic Ancestral Reconstruction of Anatomy by Mapping Ontologies, Tarasov and Uyeda 2019) that takes into account anatomical dependencies and uses stochastic maps (i.e., phylogenetic trees with an instance of mapped evolutionary history of characters, Huelsenbeck et al. 2003) along with anatomy ontologies to reconstruct organismal anatomies.
Our approach treats the entire phenotype or its component body regions as single complex characters and allows exploring and comparing phenotypic evolution at different levels of anatomical hierarchy. These complex characters are constructed by ontology-informed amalgamation of elementary characters (i.e., those coded in character matrix) using stochastic maps. In our approach, characters are linked with the terms from an anatomy ontology, which allows viewing them not just as an ensemble of character state tokens but as entities that have their own biological meaning provided by the ontology. This ontology-informed framework provides new opportunities for tracking phenotypic radiations and anatomical evolution of organisms, which we explore using a large dataset for the insect order Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants and bees).
Ecotaxonomy: Linking taxa with traits and integrating taxonomical and ecological research
Authors: Sandmann Dorothee , Scheu Stefan , Potapov Anton 
Published: June 2019

Ecological roles of underexplored groups, such as tropical invertebrates, can be inferred from their functional traits, such as body mass, dispersal ability, reproductive mode and feeding habits. Despite a strong need, a common database for invertebrate traits is yet to be created. Traits are defined as a property of individual organisms, however many parameters are similar in groups of organisms, i.e., in species or even at higher taxonomic levels. Such parameters may be attributed to taxa instead of individuals. Linking both facilitates ecological and conservation studies based on taxa or phylogenetic units. Another problem hampering understanding of tropical ecosystems is the high proportion of undescribed species, particularly in soil communities. To estimate diversity, ecologists often have to operate with morphospecies instead of Linnean taxa. Morphospecies typically are defined independently in each project or even by each person, which does not allow consistent re-use.
Ecotaxonomy database (ecotaxonomy.org), implemented as an open platform, addresses these issues (Fig. 1). The taxonomic system of Ecotaxonomy is based on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) taxonomic backbone (gbif.org), which is being complemented with traits, pictures, literature and other parameters. Both common and group-specific traits and characters can be customized in the system. Each morphospecies has to be defined by a common grid of identification characters, which is being developed in collaboration with group experts. Morphospecies then are incorporated into the existing GBIF taxonomic backbone and also inherit common characters and traits from the parental taxa. As an output the system provides open catalogs of traits and taxa, pictorial identification keys and trait matrixes. Further, by linking traits and taxa with individual-level and environmental data, Ecotaxonomy will be developed as a tool to push forward ecological research in underexplored groups and regions.
Avec Paul, l’ agapè comme dépassement critique de la justice
Authors: Raimbault Christophe 
Published: June 2019

Avec l’ agapè , Paul remet en question ce qui était considéré comme acquis. La justice divine est obtenue par la foi et non plus par les œuvres de la Loi. En Christ, la grâce divine a déjà justifié les pécheurs et leur a donné à nouveau l’accès à la gloire. La justification désigne en fait une proposition de Dieu. Le croyant qui accepte de consentir à la foi s’inscrit dans une nouvelle perspective eschatologique. Il peut conformer sa vie dès maintenant à cette nouvelle logique, celle de la croix. Elle porte un nom : l’ agapè . En discernant la volonté de Dieu, le croyant qui marche selon l’ agapè se conforme au Christ et grandit vers la ressemblance divine. La vie du croyant est alors guidée dans un processus critique de discernement, qui lui propose l’ agapè comme don à recevoir et comme projet à mettre en œuvre.
Using a translanguaging approach in teaching paraphrasing to enhance reading comprehension in first-year students
Authors: Hungwe Vimbai 
Published: June 2019

Background: The teaching of reading strategies that enhance comprehension is a priority for many practising lecturers involved in academic literacy programmes. However, due to the unprepared nature of a large section of students entering the Higher Education system, a number of students have been found to lack basic literacy skills such as reading for comprehension. A plethora of studies has been conducted locally and internationally with the aim of finding solutions to help students who struggle with text comprehension, especially at university level.Objectives: The purpose of this research is to show how paraphrasing as a strategy can be combined with a translingual approach to instruct students explicitly on how to read and comprehend textsMethod: Using a group of first-year multilingual medical students, this research included translanguaging as an additional component to the use of paraphrasing as a reading comprehension strategy.Results: The paper provides insight into how translanguaging can be used to assist multilingual students to understand texts through paraphrasing. Drawing empirical data from classroom activities, this paper shows how lecturers can help students to use translanguaging and paraphrasing as metacognitive strategies to help improve their comprehension of texts.Conclusion: Finally, the importance of allowing students to utilise their multilingual repertoires is emphasised and reiterated, through translanguaging, in order to enhance learning.
Client’s experiences of their shoulder pain and disability
Authors: Coole A. , De Jager R. , Hofmeyr J. , McKenzie S. , Von Broembsen N. 
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this qualitative study was to enhance understanding of what it is like to suffer from chronic shoulder pain from the perspectives of those living with the experience.Unstructured interviews, using the open-ended question “tell us about your shoulder", were used to allow the twelve clients to elaborate freely on their feelings and experiences. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. These transcriptions were coded and categorized. Five themes emerged from the categories: Pain, Activities, Emotional Responses, Relationships and Coping Mechanisms. These findings expand understanding about quality of life for clients living with chronic shoulder pain and disability.
Factors Influencing Overall Satisfaction of Core Medical Trainees in the Yorkshire and the Humber Region, Uk
Authors: Roycroft Matthew , Bhandari Sunil 
Published: June 2019

Background This study explores the importance of various factors upon the overall satisfaction of Core Medical Trainees (CMTs) in the Yorkshire and Humber Deanery to aid targeting of improvement efforts. Methods Responses for all CMTs in Yorkshire and the Humber to all questions and domains from the UK National Training Survey 2017 were correlated with a marker of overall trainee satisfaction. Questions with high and low degrees of correlation were identified, as well as recurrent themes. Results Clinical supervision appears to be closely related to overall trainee satisfaction, frequently correlating well, whereas educational supervision does not. Almost all themes with high correlation were regarding day-to-day experience, whereas those correlating poorly were regarding infrastructure issues. Conclusions Assuming similar costs, to improve overall trainee experience the most limited resources are probably best targeted at those factors influencing day-to-day experience, such as freeing consultant time for clinical supervision rather than developing one-off trainee experiences.
Influence of a water physical rehabilitation program on the hemodynamic parameters in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Odynets Tetiana , Briskin Yuriy , Zakharina Ievgeniia , Yefremova Anzhelika 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionNumerous women experience fatigue, arrhythmias, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and pulmonary side effects induced by breast cancer treatment. The aim of the study was to analyse the changes in hemodynamic parameters in breast cancer survivors under the influence of a water physical rehabilitation program.MethodsOverall, 34 women after breast cancer treatment completed a water physical rehabilitation program (group A) and 34 completed a Pilates program (group B). In both groups, the participants performed the same number of sessions 3 times a week for 3 months. The study was conducted during outpatient rehabilitation. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated with impedance cardiography.ResultsSignificant improvement was observed in both groups but it was more significant in group A. The actual value of cardiac output was higher in group A compared with group B by 0.64 l/min (<i>p</i> < 0.01), left ventricular power by 0.49 W (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and left ventricular work by 0.54 gm-m/beat (<i>p</i> < 0.01).ConclusionsThe water program resulted in more significant improvements in cardiac output, stroke index, systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular work, and left ventricular power compared with the Pilates program during outpatient rehabilitation in women after breast cancer treatment.
Changes in kinematic parameters during walking in adults with low back pain subjected to Vojta therapy. A pilot study
Authors: Łozińska Patrycja , Wójtowicz Dorota , Wdowiak Przemysław , Dziuba-Słonina Alicja 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate changes in selected basic and derivative kinematic parameters of gait in adult patients with low back pain subjected to Vojta therapy.MethodsThe study included 17 patients with low back pain subjected to Vojta therapy. Gait parameters were assessed with G-SENSOR, the wireless inertial measurement unit system for gait analysis. The device was placed on the body of the patient in the lumbar region at the level of L4–L5, and enabled to obtain accurate and objective information on kinematic gait parameters.ResultsOut of the 17 spatial and temporal parameters analysed, 3 changed significantly. The cadence decreased, and the duration of the right and left limb walk cycles increased.ConclusionsRehabilitation with Vojta therapy may improve spatial and temporal gait parameters in adults with low back pain.
Impacts of black carbon on the formation of advection–radiation fog during a haze pollution episode in eastern China
Authors: Ding Qiuji , Sun Jianning , Huang Xin , Ding Aijun , Zou Jun , Yang Xiuqun , Fu Congbin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Aerosols can not only participate in fog formation by
acting as condensation nuclei of droplets but also modify the meteorological
conditions such as air temperature and moisture, planetary boundary layer
height (PBLH) and regional circulation during haze events. The impact of
aerosols on fog formation, yet to be revealed, can be critical in
understanding and predicting fog–haze events. In this study, we used the
Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to
investigate a heavy fog event during a multiday intense haze pollution
episode in early December 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in
eastern China. Using the WRF-Chem model, we conducted four parallel
numerical experiments to evaluate the roles of aerosol–radiation interaction
(ARI), aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI), black carbon (BC) and non-BC aerosols in the formation and maintenance of the heavy fog event.
We find that only when the aerosols' feedback processes are considered can
the model capture the haze pollution and the fog event well. And the effects
of ARI during the fog–haze episode in early December 2013 played a
dominant role, while the effects of ACI were negligible. Furthermore, our
analyses show that BC was more important in inducing fog formation in
the YRD region on 7 December than non-BC aerosols. The dome effect of BC
leads to an increase in air moisture over the sea by reducing PBLH and
weakening vertical mixing, thereby confining more water vapor to the
near-surface layer. The strengthened daytime onshore flow by a cyclonic wind
anomaly, induced by contrast temperature perturbation over land and sea,
transported moister air to the YRD region, where the suppressed PBLH and
weakened daytime vertical mixing maintained the high moisture level. Then
heavy fog formed due to the surface cooling at night. This study
highlights the importance of anthropogenic emissions in the formation of
advection–radiation fog in the polluted coastal areas.
The Archaeology of Jordan: A Condensed History
Authors: van der Steen Eveline J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough Western travelers, from the Byzantine period forward, visited and described the landscape and ancient sites of Jordan as well as Palestine, archaeological expeditions mostly were concentrated west of the Jordan River in what was considered to be the “real” Holy Land. Archaeological interest in Jordan itself did not begin to intensify until the middle of the twentieth century when Nelson Glueck's survey spurred the interest of Americans and Europeans. Since then, archaeological excavations and surveys, especially by Western scholars, have increased exponentially. Concomitantly, Jordanian universities continued to produce archaeologists with a strong interest in exploring the past of their homeland, resulting in archaeological exploration also of prehistorical and later historical periods. Heritage preservation and the integration of new technologies into archaeological research are changing the face of Jordanian archaeology.
Identificación de bacterias resistentes a antibióticos carbapenémicos en hospitales de El Salvador
Authors: Villatoro Esmeralda , Cardoza Roberto , De Fuentes Zandra , Hernández Carlos E. 
Published: June 2019

Objetivo. Identificar los tipos de bacterias que presentan mecanismos de resistencia a los antibióticos carbapenémicos. Metodología. Se recolectó en una base electrónica diseñada para tal fin, la información de los años 2014-2016 sobre mecanismos de resistencia a los carbapenémicos, obtenida de las boletas de los protocolos de identificación aplicados en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia. Boletas procedentes de la red de establecimientos para confirmación. Se realizaron tablas de frecuencias en el programa Epi Info versión 7, cada una de las muestras fue georreferenciada para su procesamiento y presentación en el programa Quantum GIS 2.18. Resultados. En 26 hospitales de El Salvador se han encontrado bacterias productoras de carbapenemasas, independiente de su complejidad o nivel de atención. La Región de Salud Metropolitana concentra el 45% (438) de las bacterias productoras de carbapenemasas. El agente identificado con más frecuencia fue el Acinetobacter baumannii con un 85% (807), seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae con un 10% (97). Las secreciones representaron un 77% (731) de los sitios de aislamiento, seguida por los líquidos corporales estériles con un 19% (184). El mecanismo encontrado con mayor frecuencia fue carbapenemasa tipo oxacilinasa en un 63% (247), seguido de la metalo - betalactamasas en un 36% (140). Conclusiones. En el país, las bacterias productoras de carbapenemasas están presentes con predominio en los centros de la hospitalarios de la Región Metropolitana. Las especies bacterianas identificadas fueron, A. baumannii y K. pneumoniae, que han permanecido constantes durante el periodo de estudio y representan en un riesgo para la atención sanitaria.
Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 8-15
Palabras claves: entero bacterias, resistencia bacteriana, carbapenemasas, Acinetobacter baumanni, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Elevação da vogal átona final /o/ em Irati, Paraná
Authors: Franceschini Lucelene Teresinha , Loregian-Penkal Loremi 
Published: June 2019

Esta pesquisa[1], fundamentada nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972], 1994), tem como objetivo investigar o processo de elevação da vogal média anterior /o/, em posição postônica final, na fala em língua portuguesa de moradores da zona rural, descendentes de imigrantes eslavos (ucranianos e poloneses) da cidade de Irati, localizada na região centro-sul do Paraná. Foram analisadas 24 entrevistas sociolinguísticas (com, no mínimo, 40 minutos de fala cada), estratificadas por sexo, duas faixas etárias (26 a 49 anos e 50 anos ou mais) e três níveis de escolaridade (fundamental I, fundamental II e ensino médio), pertencentes ao banco de dados do projeto VARLINFE (Variação Linguística de Fala Eslava). No total, foram elencadas e testadas sete variáveis linguísticas e quatro sociais. Os dados foram submetidos ao tratamento estatístico do Programa GoldVarb X e apontam um baixo índice de elevação da vogal estudada. [1] Pesquisa com apoio do CNPq. Processo número: 443809/2014-3.
The Influences of Sio2 on the Sintering Behavior and the Properties of Na+- Β/Β"-Al2O3 Solid Electrolyte
Authors: LEE Sung-Tae , LEE Dae-Han , LIM Sung-Ki 
Published: June 2019

SiO2-doped Na+-β/β″-Al2O3 was synthesized via a solid-state reaction, and the relationship between the SiO2 content and properties of Na+-β/β″-Al2O3 was investigated. Respective specimens were doped with 0 – 5 wt.% SiO2 as a liquid phase sintering promotor and sintered. The specimens were characterized by XRD, SEM, densimeter and impedance analyzer. In the sintered samples, the phase fraction of β″-Al2O3 decreased as the SiO2 content increased, whereas the relative sintered density was enhanced with the inclusion of less than 0.7 wt.% SiO2. The relative sintered density of Na+- β/β″-Al2O3 sintered specimen with 0.7 wt.% SiO2 doping reached 99.2 % of the theoretical density and the sintered density decreased when the amount of SiO2 was larger than 1 wt.% result from excessive liquid-phase formation during sintering. Similarly, the ionic conductivity of SiO2-doped Na+-β/β″-Al2O3 was enhanced by doping with a small amount of SiO2, whereas the addition of more than 1 wt.% SiO2 negatively affected the ionic conductivity of Na+-β/β″-Al2O3 due to a decrease in the sintered density and unfavorable phase relationship. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.14246
Microstructure and Magnetic Studies of La1-xSrxFeO3 Nano Particles Fabricated by the Citrate Sol-Gel Method
Authors: YANG Fang , YANG Xing Xing , LIN Qing , WANG Rui Jun , YANG Hu , HE Yun 
Published: June 2019

The paper reports the use the sol-gel auto-combustion method for the preparation of nanocrystalline La1-xSrxFeO3 (x = 0¸0.7). The physical and chemical properties, microstructure, morphology and magnetic properties of the particles thus formed were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that Sr2+ instead of perovskite La are attributed to the lattice forming solid solution La1-xSrxFeO3, which has single orthogonal perovskite structure, space group Pnma, and does not show any impurity peaks. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Fe-O-Fe bond antisymmetric stretching vibration of FeO6 regular octahedron. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that introduction of Sr2+ ions can inhibit the growth of size of the particles thereby forming particles with spherical shape and better dispersion properties. The magnetic properties of the sample showed that with increase in Sr2+ ion concentration leads to increase in sample’s magnetism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.19455
Influence of Drying Temperature on Tensile and Bursting Strength of Bacterial Cellulose Biofilm
Authors: SEDERAVIČIŪTĖ Florentina , DOMSKIENĖ Jurgita , BALTINA Ilze 
Published: June 2019

The article presents an experimental study of mechanical properties of cellulose biofilm produced by bacterial fermentation process. Naturally derived biomaterial has great current and potential applications therefore the conditions of material preparation as well as control and prediction of mechanical properties is still a relevant issue. Bacterial cellulose was obtained as a secondary product from Kombucha drink. Presented technique for material preparation and drying is particularly simple and easy to access. The influence of drying temperature (25 °C, 50 °C and 75 °C) on the sample size (thickness and planar dimensions) and mechanical properties (tensile and bursting strength) of cellulose biofilm has been evaluated. It was estimated that during drying biofilm specimens lost up to 92 % of weight and up to 87 % of thickness therefore planar specimen dimensions varied insignificantly. The study showed that the drying temperature is important for optimum strength properties of bacterial cellulose biofilm. The maximum tensile strength (27.91 MPa) was recorded for the samples dried at temperature of 25 °C, when the moisture from the biomaterial is removed gradually and good deformation properties are ensured (respectively tensile extension 18.8 %). Under higher drying temperature biomaterial shows lower values of tensile strength and higher values of bursting strength. The maximum bursting strength (57.2 MPa) was recorded for samples dried at 75 °C when punch displacement changes were insignificant for all tested samples (from 17.8 mm to 21.7 mm). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.20764
Sleep Disorder at High Altitude
Authors: Kong Fanyi 
Published: June 2019

In this chapter, we discuss the occurrence, mechanism, clinical manifestations, outcomes, and managements of a commonly encountered sleep disorder of someone traveling in high altitude for working and sight-seeing. Humans ascending to altitudes above 2500 m usually suffer from substantial disturbances in sleep quality as difficulty in sleep onset, frequent awakenings, respiratory disturbance, and a feeling of drowsiness on the next day. Data obtained from polysomnographic studies demonstrated several variations of sleep architecture in those healthy subjects ascending to high altitude during sleep, including periodic breathing and decreased non-rapid eye movement deep sleep stage 3 and 4 (in new nomenclature N3), which were usually accompanied by and the lowered arterial O2 and restricted ventilation. Hypoxia is most severe during sleep and in correspondence to periodic breathing and sleep disturbance at high altitude. Poor sleep quality impairs cognition and executive abilities at high altitude though it may largely be improved after full time of acclimatization. Evidence-based choices for clinicians to treat sleep disorder at high altitude are relatively scarce at present. Supplemental oxygen and dietary nitrate are effective in alleviating nocturnal hypoxia. There is strong evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of acetazolamide and nonbenzodiazepines in minimizing periodic breathing and improving sleep quality at high altitude.