bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of smoking with knee osteoarthritis structural defects and symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Salis Zubeyir , Sainsbury Amanda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrior meta-analyses have suggested a protective link between smoking and knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but they relied on aggregate data, potentially obscuring the true relationship. To address this limitation, we conducted an Individual Participant Data (IPD) meta-analysis using data from three large cohorts: the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST), and the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) study. Participants from 16 centers in the USA and Netherlands were categorized as current, former, or never smokers. We assessed six outcomes, three related to structural changes over 4–5 years of follow-up, and three related to changes in KOA symptoms over 2–2.5 years, 5 years, and 7–8 years of follow-up. First, the incidence of radiographic KOA was evaluated in 10,072 knees, defined as having a Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2 (‘radiographic KOA’) at follow-up but not at baseline. Second, the progression of radiographic KOA was evaluated in 5274 knees, defined as an increase in Kellgren–Lawrence grade between baseline and follow-up in knees that had radiographic KOA at baseline. Third, the incidence of symptomatic KOA was evaluated in 12,910 knees, defined as having radiographic KOA in addition to symptoms at follow-up but not at baseline. Fourth, fifth, and sixth, we investigated changes between baseline and all follow-ups in scores for the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) subscales of pain, disability, and stiffness (in 2640 knees). There were no differences between smoking groups in any of these six outcomes. Our study, leveraging data from three large cohorts and the advantages of IPD, finds no evidence that smoking offers any protection against KOA, refuting the notion that smoking may benefit joint health.
The early transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses to fluconazole in sensitive and resistant Candida albicans
Authors: Stevens Irene , Silao Fitz Gerald , Huch Susanne , Liu Honglian , Ryman Kicki , Carvajal-Jimenez Adriana , Ljungdahl Per O. , Pelechano Vicent 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCandida albicans is a leading cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Management of candidemia relies on a few antifungal agents, with fluconazole being first line therapy. The emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains highlights the pressing need to improve our molecular understanding of the drug response mechanisms. By sequencing the 5’P mRNA degradation intermediates, we establish that co-translational mRNA decay occurs in C. albicans and characterize how in vivo 5´-3´ exonuclease degradation trails the last translating ribosome. Thus, the study of the 5’ Phosphorylated mRNA degradome (5PSeq) offers a simple and affordable way to measure ribosome dynamics and identify codon specific ribosome stalls in response to drugs and amino acid deprivation. Building upon this, we combine RNA-Seq and 5PSeq to study the early response of sensitive and resistant C. albicans isolates to fluconazole. Our results highlight that transcriptional responses, rather than changes in ribosome dynamics, are the main driver of Candida resistance to fluconazole.
The role of PM2.5 exposure in lung cancer: mechanisms, genetic factors, and clinical implications
Authors: Chen Chi-Yuan , Huang Kuo-Yen , Chen Chin-Chuan , Chang Ya-Hsuan , Li Hsin-Jung , Wang Tong-Hong , Yang Pan-Chyr 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most critical global health threats, as the second most common cancer and leading cause of cancer deaths globally. While smoking is the primary risk factor, an increasing number of cases occur in nonsmokers, with lung cancer in nonsmokers (LCNS) now recognized as the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Recent evidence identifies air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), as a significant risk factor in LCNS. PM2.5 can increase oxidative stress and inflammation, induce genetic alterations and activation of oncogenes (including the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR), and contribute to lung cancer progression. This review summarizes the current understanding of how exposure to PM2.5 induces lung carcinogenesis and accelerates lung cancer development. It underscores the importance of prevention and early detection while calling for targeted therapies to combat the detrimental effects of air pollution. An integrated approach that combines research, public health policy, and clinical practice is essential to reduce the lung cancer burden and improve outcomes for those affected by PM2.5 exposurrre.
Parent Teaching Using the Enhanced Moved by Reading to Accelerate Comprehension in English Intelligent Tutoring System to Teach Question-Asking During Shared Book Reading in Latino Families
Authors: Chennupati Sindhu , Restrepo Maria Adelaida , Glenberg Arthur , Walker Erin , Blais Chris , Franco Ligia Gómez 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The Parent–Enhanced Moved by Reading to Accelerate Comprehension in English (Parent EMBRACE) program offers a bilingual parent-training literacy intervention for Latino families. Within the context of shared book reading, the application leverages both the home language and technology to increase parent question-asking during shared reading. Research goals were to (a) examine the potential of the Parent EMBRACE tutoring system at teaching parents to increase the quantity and variety of their question-asking during shared book reading, (b) examine changes to parents' reading attitudes or motivation, and (c) examine whether children's reading attitude is correlated with parent interactions.

Method:

Twenty-one participants were randomized into three conditions: a digital storybook (DS) group (
n
= 7), an interactive storybook (EMBRACE) group (
n
= 6), and a parent-teaching interactive storybook (Parent EMBRACE) group (
n
= 8). Participants received iPads with digital storybooks for use during the intervention (in which the parent-teaching group received prompts from the app to ask questions while reading). Shared book reading assessments before and after the intervention involved hard-copy books, and behaviors were analyzed using video-recorded reading sessions before and after the intervention. Group differences were explored using descriptive analysis. Reading attitude and motivation were measured through pre- and post-intervention surveys. The relationship between parent interactions and reading attitudes was explored through regression.

Results:
Results indicate that after the intervention, four out of seven parents in the parent-teaching interactive storybook group asked more questions to their children. Parents' reading attitudes and motivations did not significantly change. There was a nonlinear relationship with parent interactions and children's reading attitude.

Conclusion:
Overall, the Parent EMBRACE tool shows feasibility and warrants further study on its efficacy as a linguistically responsive literacy-based language intervention for Latino parents to develop shared book reading strategies.
A multiple‐attention refinement network for RGB‐D salient object detection
Authors: Jiang Zijian , Yu Ling , Li Junru , Niu Fanglin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMost existing RGB‐D salient object detection (SOD) algorithms, when using depth information for cross‐modal fusion, result in significant information redundancy due to issues with low‐quality depth information, ambiguity, and difficulty in discriminating complex scenes, ultimately leading to poor‐quality saliency maps. This article proposes a Multiple‐Attention Refinement Network (MARNet) to address the issues of insufficient cross‐modal fusion and poor quality of depth images in RGB‐D salient object detection. MARNet adopts an end‐to‐end structure and enables the fusion of cross‐modal features through multiple‐attention refinement and cross‐attention fusion with each other. This article, in particular, designs an Attention Interaction Module (AIM), which uses multiple‐attention and cross‐attention to refine and fuse the two modalities, reducing the information redundancy generated during cross‐modal interactions and background noise interference. This article designs a Multi‐Scale Compensation Module (MSCM) to guide the multi‐scale feature fusion step‐by‐step, enabling the fusion of local and global contexts of multi‐scale features. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the MARNet in this article has significant advantages over 16 state‐of‐the‐art RGB‐D methods on five publicly available datasets. The codes can be found at https://github.com/wzxxmj/MARNet.
Guest Editorial: Electronic attack and protection for modern radar systems and radar networks
Authors: Balleri Alessio , Matthes Dietmar , Lo Monte Lorenzo , Kulpa Krzysztof 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is our great pleasure to present you with this IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation special issue on “Electronic Attack and Protection for Modern Radar Systems and Radar Networks”. The recent development of fast digital to analogue converters (DACs) and analogue to digital converters (ADCs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and parallel computing has contributed to the development of modern radars that, at the same time, can also be more easily attacked using digital radio frequency memories (DRFMs). The development of passive and netted multiband, multistatic, multichannel radars has also changed the EW scenario significantly. Classical EA can be less effective against passive, multistatic and multichannel radars and, as a result, new methods and new technologies have to be developed for effective countermeasures. Multichannel and multistatic jammers have also started to play a role in the EW scene. The aim of this special issue was to gather some of the most recent work in this area. The result is a collection of 12 interesting and timely papers aiming to address current technical challenges in electronic warfare. The papers included in this collection covers areas around the more general electronic warfare context as well as address specific challenges of electronic attack and electronic protection as summarised below.
Investigating changing-look active galactic nuclei with long-term optical and X-ray observations
Authors: Jana A. , Ricci C. , Temple M. J. , Chang H.-K. , Shablovinskaya E. , Trakhtenbrot B. , Diaz Y. , Ilic D. , Nandi P. , Koss M. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Broad emission lines in the UV/optical spectra of changing-look active galactic nuclei (CLAGNs) appear and disappear on timescales of months to decades.
Aims. We investigate how changing-look (CL) transitions depend on several active galactic nucleus (AGN) parameters, such as the accretion rate, obscuration properties, and black hole mass.
Methods. We studied a sample of 20 nearby optically identified CLAGNs from the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) using quasi-simultaneous optical and X-ray observations taken in the last ∼40 years.
Results. We find that for all CLAGNs, the transition is accompanied by a change in the Eddington ratio. The CL transitions are not associated with changes in the obscuration properties of the AGNs. CLAGNs are found to have a median Eddington ratio lower than that of the AGNs in the BASS sample in which CL transitions were not detected. The median transition Eddington ratio (the Eddington ratio at which an AGN changes its state) is found to be ∼0.01 for type 1 ↔ 1.8, 1.9, and 2 transitions, which is consistent with the hard ↔ soft state transition in black hole X-ray binaries. Most CL events are constrained to have occurred within 3–4 years, which is considerably shorter than the expected viscous timescale in AGN accretion disks.
Conclusions. The transitions of the optical CLAGNs studied here are likely associated with state changes in the accretion flow, possibly driven by disk instability.
Revisiting the conundrum of the sub-Jovian and Neptune desert
Authors: Magliano C. , Covone G. , Corsaro E. , Inno L. , Cacciapuoti L. , Fiscale S. , Pagano I. , Saggese V. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The search for exoplanets has led to the identification of intriguing patterns in their distributions, one of which is the so-called sub-Jovian and Neptune desert. The occurrence rate of Neptunian exoplanets with an orbital period P ≲ 4 days sharply decreases in this region in period-radius and period-mass space.
Aims. We present a novel approach to delineating the sub-Jovian and Neptune desert by considering the incident stellar flux F on the planetary surface as a key parameter instead of the traditional orbital period of the planets. Through this change of perspective, we demonstrate that the incident flux still exhibits a paucity of highly irradiated Neptunes, but also captures the proximity to the host star and the intensity of stellar radiation.
Methods. Leveraging a dataset of confirmed exoplanets, we performed a systematic analysis to map the boundaries of the sub-Jovian and Neptune desert in the (F, Rp) and (F, Mp) diagrams, with Rp and Mp corresponding to the planetary radius and mass, respectively. By using statistical techniques and fitting procedures, we derived analytical expressions for these boundaries that offer valuable insights into the underlying physical mechanisms governing the dearth of Neptunian planets in close proximity to their host stars.
Results. We find that the upper and lower bounds of the desert are well described by a power-law model in the (F, Rp) and (F, Mp) planes. We also obtain the planetary mass-radius relations for each boundary by combining the retrieved analytic expressions in the two planes. This work contributes to advancing our knowledge of exoplanet demographics and to refining theoretical models of planetary formation and evolution within the context of the sub-Jovian and Neptune desert.
The evolutionary state of the red giant star L2 Puppis
Authors: Uttenthaler S. 
Published: November 2024

Context. L2 Puppis (L2 Pup) is a nearby red giant star and an important object in late-type star research because it has a dust disc and potentially a companion.
Aims. L2 Pup is often called the second-closest asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star to the sun, second only to R Doradus. However, whether the star is indeed on the AGB or the red giant branch (RGB) is questionable. We review its evolutionary state.
Methods. We analysed high-resolution optical archive spectra to search for absorption lines of the third dredge-up indicator technetium (Tc) in L2 Pup. We also compared the star to a sample of well-known AGB stars in terms of luminosity and pulsation properties and placed it in a Gaia-2MASS diagram.
Results. L2 Pup is found to be Tc-poor. Thus, it is not undergoing third dredge-up events. The star is fainter than the RGB tip and fainter than all Tc-rich stars in the comparison sample. L2 Pup pulsates in the fundamental mode, similar to Mira variables, but its pulsation properties do not allow us to distinguish between the RGB and AGB stages.
Conclusions. In conclusion, L2 Pup could be an RGB or early AGB star, but it is more likely to be an RGB than an AGB star. Our findings are important for a better understanding of the L2 Pup system and its past and future evolution.
Rearing of Glossina morsitans morsitans tsetse flies for the sterile insect technique: evaluating the impact of irradiation and transportation during early and late-stage pupal development on the quality of emerging adults
Authors: Mirieri Caroline K. , Uzel Güler Demirbas , Parker Andrew G. , Bouyer Jérémy , De Vooght Linda , Ros Vera I.D. , van Oers Monique M. , Abd-Alla Adly M.M. 
Published: November 2024

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) are devastating diseases spread by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.), affecting humans and livestock, respectively. Current efforts to manage these diseases by eliminating the vector through the sterile insect technique (SIT) require transportation of irradiated late-stage tsetse pupae under chilling, which has been reported to reduce the biological quality of emerged flies. We therefore evaluated the impact of irradiation and transportation (including vibration and shock) on pupae at early-stage development (22 days of age) under ambient temperature and compared it to that on pupae at the late-stage development (29 days of age) under chilling, the current practice for tsetse in SIT programs. The quality of flies emerging from these transported pupae was assessed by their emergence rates, flight propensity, mating ability, insemination rates and survival rates (over ca. 100 days, and after specified shorter periods). Generally, flies emerging from the 22-day-old pupae had significantly (p < 0.05) higher values for the tested quality parameters, as compared to those emerging from 29-day-old pupae. Irradiation, transportation and the combination thereof significantly (p < 0.05) reduced all the tested quality parameters as compared with the untreated control within the 22-day-old pupae group. Further, vibration had a significant negative effect on the quality of flies, notwithstanding the age of the pupae. Irradiation and transportation of pupae at 22 days of age resulted in a higher proportion of flies of good biological quality as compared to those of 29 days of age, and hence may be considered for future SIT programs.
Geplante ventrale Hernie nach Abdomen apertum: Daten zur Versorgung einer komplexen Entität und Literaturüberblick
Authors: Klein Angelina , Willms Arnulf , Güsgen Christoph , Schwab Robert , Schaaf Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungEine geplante ventrale Hernie nach einer offenen Bauchbehandlung ist eine seltene Hernienentität, da aufgrund bereits etablierter Konzepte zur offenen Bauchbehandlung die Faszienverschlussrate gesteigert werden konnte. Nichtsdestotrotz gelingt ein Faszienverschluss nicht immer und eine geplante ventrale Hernie muss zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt operativ versorgt werden. Die Bauchdeckenrekonstruktion ist anspruchsvoll und bedarf der sorgfältigen präoperativen Vorbereitung.In einer monozentrischen retrospektiven Analyse wurden alle Narbenhernien von 2013 bis 2023 (n = 632) identifiziert. Komplexe Narbenhernien im Sinne geplanter ventraler Hernien nach einem Laparostoma (n = 11) wurden selektiert. Die präoperative Diagnostik und OP-Planung wurden den Patientenakten entnommen; OP-Techniken anhand der Operationsberichte analysiert. Die Literaturrecherche erfolgte auf PubMed (Medline).Präoperativ wurden in allen Fällen neben einer körperlichen Untersuchung eine Abdomensonografie, ein CT-Abdomen und eine Koloskopie durchgeführt. Indikationen für ein Laparostoma waren vor allem Darmperforationen mit Peritonitis, ein abdominelles Kompartment, postoperative Fasziendehiszenzen („Platzbauch“) sowie Folge eines stumpfen oder penetrierenden Traumas. Die Größe der Bauchwanddefekte betrug im Median horizontal 13 cm (6–35 cm) und vertikal 18 cm (10–28 cm). Seit 2018 wurde (6/11) präoperativ nach standardisiertem Schema Botulinumtoxin A injiziert. Bei allen Patienten gelang intraoperativ der mediane Faszienverschluss. Die Operationstechniken umfassten Sublay-, IPOM- und Sandwich-Repair sowie intraoperative Faszientraktion und Komponentenseparation.Eine geplante ventrale Hernie nach einer offenen Bauchbehandlung ist eine komplexe Hernie, für die ein breites hernienchirurgisches Armamentarium benötigt wird. Die umfassende präoperative Optimierung inkl. Botulinumtoxin-Infiltration sollte bei derart anspruchsvollen Hernien unbedingt erwogen werden, um die anatomiegerechte Rekonstruktion durch einen Mittellinienverschluss mit Netzaugmentation zu erreichen.
Perioperatives Management in der Hernienchirurgie
Authors: Overhaus Marcus 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Hernienchirurgie hat sich in den letzten Jahren durch die Implementierung neuerer
minimalinvasiver und robotischer Operationstechniken weiterentwickelt, die
Bauchdeckenrekonstruktion bei Bauchdeckenhernien hat durch eine peri- und intraoperative
Strategieerweiterung an Komplexität zugenommen. Das perioperative Management wird auch
in diesem Bereich bestimmt durch ERAS-Pfade (ERAS: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) zur
Verbesserung des peri- und postoperativen Outcomes nach Hernienchirurgie. In dieser
Arbeit soll der Einfluss einzelner Faktoren im multimodalen ERAS-Konzept auf die
ambulante und stationäre Hernienreparation und Bauchdeckenrekonstruktion mithilfe
aktueller Studien beurteilt werden.
Endoscopic and clinical characteristics of autoimmune atrophic gastritis: Retrospective study
Authors: Khalaf Kareem , Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Bechara Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAutoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease characterized by gastric mucosa inflammation and atrophy. Limited clinical data exist about AIG, especially in western populations. In addition, there are no western series on the magnifying endoscopic features in AIG. This study presents a cohort of 63 patients with AIG, reporting their clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic findings.A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with AIG at Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Canada, between January 2016 and December 2023. Data collected from medical records included age, sex, presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, endoscopic features, histopathology reports, and concomitant autoimmune diseases.The study included 63 patients with autoimmune gastritis. Positive anti-parietal cell antibodies were found in the majority of patients (84.13%), whereas positive anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were less prevalent (25.40%). Deficiencies in vitamin B12 (49.21%) and iron (76.19%) were observed, along with a high prevalence of anemia (71.43%) and concomitant autoimmune diseases (58.73%). The dominant magnification pattern of atrophy in the body was oval/slit in 57.14% of patients (n=36), followed by tubular in 30.16% (n=19) and foveolar in 12.70% (n=8). Prevalence of neoplasia in our study was 42.86% (n=27).This study offers insights into the clinical, laboratory, and magnifying endoscopic features of patients with AIG. It demonstrates the three main magnifying endoscopic appearances of AIG and highlights the significant prevalence of gastric neoplasia, even in the low-risk Western population. These findings emphasize the importance of the endoscopic exam in identifying AIG and notably present the key magnifying endoscopy findings in a Western setting for the first time.
The Mechanism and Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes: A
Review
Authors: Hou Yangbo , Chen Zhen , Cheng Jiwei , Li Guoyi , Yin Lu , Gao Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the fastest growing diseases in terms of global
incidence and seriously affects cognitive function. The incidence rate of
cognitive dysfunction is up to 13% in diabetes patients aged 65–74 years and
reaches 24% in those aged >75 years. The mechanisms and treatments of
cognitive dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus are complicated and
varied. Previous studies suggest that hyperglycemia mainly contributes to
cognitive dysfunction through mechanisms involving inflammation, autophagy, the
microbial-gut-brain axis, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, and insulin
resistance. Antidiabetic drugs such as metformin, liraglutide, and empagliflozin
and other drugs such as fingolimod and melatonin can alleviate diabetes-induced
cognitive dysfunction. Self-management, intermittent fasting, and repetitive
transverse magnetic stimulation can also ameliorate cognitive impairment. In
this review, we discuss the mechanisms linking diabetes mellitus with cognitive
dysfunction and propose a potential treatment for cognitive decline associated
with diabetes mellitus.