bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Watanabea acidotolerans: A new trebouxiophyte lineage (Chlorophyta) inhabiting low pH environments from Europe to South America
Authors: Barcytė Dovilė , Hodač Ladislav 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYHere we studied a new Watanabea strain CAUP H 8901‐CRYO isolated from an extremely acidic (pH 2.6) pit lake in Czechia. We used morphological, ultrastructural and molecular data to ascertain its taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Watanabea. The morphology of the studied strain matched the formal Watanabea description, including its most characteristic feature, the production of two types of autospores. The new isolate morphologically and ultrastructurally resembled the Watanabea type species, W. reniformis. However, it differed from W. borysthenica by having a pyrenoid not surrounded by starch grains. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL showed that the strain CAUP H 8901‐CRYO formed an independent lineage within the genus Watanabea. Furthermore, analyses of nuclear ITS2 secondary structure demonstrated an additional side loop coiling from the helix III, the unique feature of CAUP H 8901‐CRYO, not present in the authentic strain of W. reniformis SAG 211‐9b. The ITS2 secondary structures of the two strains also differed by one compensatory base change (CBC) and a number of additional nucleotide substitutions. The new acidotolerant strain and another Watanabea isolate from a naturally acidic lake in Argentina were identical in their plastid rbcL sequence. Consequently, here we proposed a new species, Watanabea acidotolerans, to accommodate a lineage of microalgae with a possible worldwide distribution and tolerance to low pH habitats.
Digital mapping of soil salinity at various depths using an EM38
Authors: Narjary Bhaskar , Meena Murli Dhar , Kumar Satyendra , Kamra Sushil Kumar , Sharma Dinesh Kumar , Triantafilis John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProblem definitionSpatial information on salinity is required at the farm level to enable suitable soil, crop and water management practices.RationaleTo facilitate this, we used an electromagnetic (EM) induction instrument for rapid measurement of apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC
a—mS m–1) across the 11 ha area of the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute experimental farm in Nain, Haryana, India.MethodsThe ECa was measured using an EM38 in horizontal (ECah) and vertical (ECav) modes on a grid survey. Using the ECa data, we selected 21 locations using the response surface sampling design (RSSD) module of Electrical Conductivity Sampling Assessment and Prediction (ESAP) software. We collected soil samples at four depth increments, including two topsoil (0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m), a subsurface (0.3–0.6m) and a subsoil (0.6–0.9m) and measured the soil electrical conductivity (EC
e—dS m–1).ResultsWe developed multiple linear regression to predict ECe using the ESAP software from ECah and ECav and two trend surface parameters (i.e., Easting and Northing) across the farm. The prediction accuracy and bias were compared at different depth increments, and results of the spatial distributions of ECe using ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation were described in terms of the crop and soil use and management implications.ConclusionsWe conclude the overall approach allows for generations of a digital soil maps (DSMs) of ECe which serve as baseline data that will allow the monitoring of any rehabilitation effort of salt‐affected soils according to their actual degree of salinity.
Functional characterization of LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 in the moss Physcomitrella patens: its conserved protein interactions in land plants
Authors: Parihar Vimala , Arya Deepshikha , Walia Akanksha , Tyagi Vidhi , Dangwal Meenakshi , Verma Vibha , Khurana Ridhi , Boora Neelima , Kapoor Sanjay , Kapoor Meenu 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn flowering plants, LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1)/TERMINAL FLOWER 2 (TFL2) is known to interact with polycomb group (PcG) and non‐PcG proteins and control developmental programs. LHP1/TFL2 is an ancient protein and has been characterized in the early‐divergent plant Physcomitrella patens. However, interacting partners of PpLHP1 other than the chromomethylase PpCMT have not been identified to date. Also, while functional polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is known to exist in P. patens, there is no experimental evidence to support the existence of PRC1‐like complexes in these mosses. In this study, using protein−protein interaction methods, transient expression assays and targeted gene knockout strategy, we report the conserved properties of LHP1/TFL2 using the Physcomitrella system. We show that a PRC1‐like core complex comprising of PpLHP1 and the putative PRC1 Really Interesting New Gene (RING)‐finger proteins can form in vivo. Also, the interaction between PpRING and the PRC2 subunit PpCLF further sheds light on the possible existence of combinatorial interactions between the Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC) in early land plants. Based on the interaction between PpLHP1 and putative hnRNP PpLIF2‐like in planta, we propose that the link between PpLHP1 regulation and RNA metabolic processes was established early in plants. The conserved subnuclear distribution pattern of PpLHP1 in moss protonema further provides insight into the manner in which LHP1/TFL2 are sequestered in the nucleoplasm in discrete foci. The PpLHP1 loss‐of‐function plants generated in this study share some of the pleiotropic defects with multiple aberrations reported in lhp1/tfl2. Taken together, this work documents an active role for PpLHP1 in epigenetic regulatory network in P. patens.
Wage convergence and trade
Authors: Zhou Yixiao , Bloch Harry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe examine differences in wage rates across countries for workers employed in the same industry, distinguishing workers in the low, medium and high‐skill groups. These differences are large and show persistence over time. We ask, nonetheless, whether there is evidence of convergence, much as is done in studies of convergence in per capita income across countries. With our focus on the micro level, we expect convergence to reflect, at least in part, the degree of integration of a country or industry into the world economy and examine particularly the role of market integration and trade. Our results show strong evidence of convergence in a diverse sample of 39 countries, which includes most large economies whether rich or poor. The estimated convergence rate over the period from 1995 to 2008 is about 4% per year for workers in all skill groups, higher in the more integrated economies of the EU than in other economies without such open borders and lower in industries supplying services rather than manufactures. Also, we find evidence that the rate of growth of domestic output impacts positively on the growth of wages in an industry, providing a source for ongoing deviations from the convergence prediction.
Do we need deeper trade agreements for GVCs or just a BIT?
Authors: Boffa Mauro , Jansen Marion , Solleder Olga 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe paper investigates two policies geared towards stimulating and shaping global value chains (GVCs), namely deep regional trade agreements (DRTAs) and bilateral investment treaties (BITs). In an augmented gravity model, we test the impact of both policies on a variety of trade in value added indicators. We find that both policies are likely to increase GVC trade, although their transmission channels differ. While backward linkages are stimulated through both BITs and DRTAs, forward linkages respond only to DRTAs. The estimates suggest that negotiating a DRTA with investment provisions has a higher impact on trade in value added than signing a shallow RTA and a separate BIT.
Comparison of demographic data, disease severity and response to treatment, between dogs with atopic dermatitis and atopic‐like dermatitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Botoni Larissa S. , Torres Sheila M. F. , Koch Sandra N. , Heinemann Marcos B. , Costa‐Val Adriane P. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundLimited information is available describing the features of canine atopic‐like dermatitis (ALD) compared with atopic dermatitis (AD).ObjectivesTo compare demographic data, disease severity and response to therapy between ALD and AD dogs.AnimalsTwo hundred and fifty‐three atopic dogs with intradermal and serum allergen‐specific IgE test results were selected retrospectively.Methods and materialsDogs were enrolled into the ALD group if both IgE tests were negative and into the AD group if at least one test was positive. Demographic data, pruritus level and number of body sites affected before and during therapy, in addition to maintenance therapy protocols, were compared between groups.ResultsThere were 216 (85.38%) dogs in the AD group and 37 (14.62%) in the ALD group. The soft‐coated wheaten terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, English bulldog and Labrador retriever were over‐represented in the AD group. No significant differences between the groups were noted regarding the other demographic variables evaluated. There were no differences in the mean pruritus scores and number of affected body sites at the first visit or during treatment. Furthermore, no significant differences between the groups were noted for the maintenance treatment scores and reduction of pruritus level and number of body sites affected during treatment.Conclusions and clinical significanceThe soft‐coated wheaten terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, English bulldog and Labrador retriever were over‐represented in the AD group. No significant differences in the other demographic data and clinical features were noted between dogs with ALD and AD in the present study.
Microchimerism in Ghanaian children recipients of whole blood transfusion for severe anaemia
Authors: Assennato Sonny Michael , Owusu‐Ofori Shirley , Osei‐Akoto Alex , Lambert Nathalie C. , Allain Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2018

Background and objectivesTransfusion‐acquired microchimerism (TA‐Mc) has been reported in major trauma but not in young children despite relative immunodeficiency who, in sub‐Saharan Africa, often suffer severe anaemia related to haemoglobinopathies or primary malaria infections. We examined the hypothesis that such massive red cell destructions might provide conditions favourable to TA‐Mc, particularly when exposed to massive amounts of parasite antigens.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐seven female children <5 years transfused with male whole blood for severe anaemia (13 with acute malaria and 14 with other causes) were retrospectively identified, and a blood sample was collected >6 months post‐transfusion. Four whole blood samples from paediatric females transfused with blood from female donors and five secondary school female students never pregnant, never transfused were used as negative controls.ResultsNineteen patients (70%) carried male Mc with four (15%) having high levels of Mc (>100 genome equivalent of male cells/million of host cells) compared to three controls (37·5%). There was no difference in frequency or quantity of male Mc between paediatric patients with severe malaria and paediatric patients with other causes of severe anaemia. TA‐Mc was not correlated with patient age, duration of whole blood storage or lymphocyte load transfused. After a median of 7 months post‐transfusion, acute malaria did not increase the frequency of TA‐Mc. One negative control appeared to carry low‐level male cells.ConclusionTransfusion‐acquired microchimerism appears frequent in young children transfused with whole blood for severe anaemia.
A real‐life evaluation of two platelet cross‐matching programmes for the treatment of patients refractory to platelet transfusions
Authors: Revelli Nicoletta , Villa Maria Antonietta , Olivero Barbara , Bresciani Susanna , Flores Marco , Marini Mirella , Pizzi Mara Nicoletta , Prati Daniele , Rebulla Paolo 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesStrategies for overcoming alloimmune refractoriness to random donor platelets are based on the use of compatible platelets selected from large panels of HLA‐typed donors or cross‐matching (XM). The aim of this study was to review the effectiveness of a platelet XM programme for treating refractory haematological patients at Milan's Policlinico Hospital (PHM) 2002–2014 and Spedali Civili in Brescia (SCB) 2013–2016.Materials and MethodsA commercially available solid‐phase antibody detection system was used for platelet antibody detection and XM. Forty‐nine alloimmune refractory patients at PHM and 13 at SCB, respectively, received a median [IQR] of 12 [6–13] and 18 [13–15] XM compatible platelet transfusions after the detection of refractoriness. The absolute increases in post‐transfusion platelet counts obtained using random, and XM platelets were retrieved from the patients’ hospital records.ResultsThe critical review at SCB showed that the median [IQR] 1 h post‐transfusion increase in platelet counts was 3 × 109/L [1–5] after 47/47 random platelet transfusions, and 10 × 109/L [2–25] after 325/326 XM compatible platelet transfusions. The documentation concerning the outcomes of XM platelet transfusions at PHM was incomplete, and so the findings of the review were inconclusive.ConclusionThis retrospective analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the XM programme at SCB, but revealed defective data collection and retrieval methods at PHM, thus underlining the importance of such methods. The literature review accompanying this retrospective analysis identified a recently described algorithm for ensuring platelet support in refractory patients that optimally integrates the combined use of XM and HLA typing.
Can adoption at an early age protect children at risk from depression in adulthood? A Swedish national cohort study
Authors: Hjern Anders , Palacios Jesus , Vinnerljung Bo 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveOur aim was to investigate whether the risk of depression in adulthood in children raised by substitute parents from an early age differ by care arrangements.MethodsRegister study in Swedish national cohorts born 1972–1981, with three study groups of children raised in adoptive or foster homes with care starting before the age of 2 years and a comparison majority population group. Cox regression estimated HRs of prescribed antidepressive medication and specialised psychiatric care with a diagnosis of depression in adulthood during 2006–2012.ResultsCompared with the general population, long-term foster care carried the highest age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR for both antidepressive medication, 2.07 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.28), and psychiatric care for depression, 2.85 (95% CI 2.42 to 3.35), in adulthood. Adults raised by adoptive parents were far more similar to the general population with HR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.43) for domestic and 1.13 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.18) for international adoption for antidepressive medication. Adjusting the analysis for school marks and income attenuated these risks more in the long-term foster care group.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the benefits of early adoption when substitute parents are provided for young children, and underlines the importance of improved educational support for children in foster care.
B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Nakatsuma Kenji , Taniguchi Tomohiko , Morimoto Takeshi , Shiomi Hiroki , Ando Kenji , Kanamori Norio , Murata Koichiro , Kitai Takeshi , Kawase Yuichi , Izumi Chisato , Miyake Makoto , Mitsuoka Hirokazu , Kato Masashi , Hirano Yutaka , Matsuda Shintaro , Inada Tsukasa , Nagao Kazuya , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Takeuchi Yasuyo , Yamane Keiichiro , Toyofuku Mamoru , Ishii Mitsuru , Minamino-Muta Eri , Kato Takao , Inoko Moriaki , Ikeda Tomoyuki , Komasa Akihiro , Ishii Katsuhisa , Hotta Kozo , Higashitani Nobuya , Kato Yoshihiro , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Maeda Chiyo , Jinnai Toshikazu , Morikami Yuko , Saito Naritatsu , Minatoya Kenji , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the prognostic impact of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS), who were not referred for aortic valve replacement (AVR).MethodsWe used data from a Japanese multicentre registry, the Contemporary outcomes after sURgery and medical tREatmeNT in patients with severe Aortic Stenosis Registry, which enrolled 3815 consecutive patients with severe AS. Of those, 387 asymptomatic patients who were not referred for AVR without left ventricular dysfunction and very severe AS were subdivided into four groups based on their BNP levels (BNP<100 pg/mL, n=201; 100≤BNP<200 pg/mL, n=94; 200≤BNP<300 pg/mL, n=42 and BNP>300 pg/mL, n=50).ResultsThe cumulative 5-year incidence of AS-related events (aortic valve-related death or heart failure hospitalisation) was incrementally higher with increasing BNP level (14.2%, 29.6%, 46.3% and 47.0%, p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the risk for AS-related events was incrementally greater with increasing BNP levels (HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 0.97 to 3.98, p=0.06; HR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.55 to 8.32, p=0.03 and HR: 7.38, 95% CI: 3.21 to 16.9, p<0.001, respectively). Notably, asymptomatic patients with BNPlevels of <100 pg/mL had an event rate of only 2.1% at 1 year.ConclusionsIncreased BNP level was associated with a higher risk for AS-related adverse events in patients with asymptomatic severe AS with normal left ventricular ejection fraction who were not referred for AVR. Asymptomatic patients with BNP levels of <100 pg/mL had relatively low event rate, who might be safely followed with watchful waiting strategy.Trail registration numberUMIN000012140.
Severe intraoperative hypoxaemia in a horse due to failure of an oxygen concentrator and auxiliary oxygen supply
Authors: Kropf Josephine , Hughes J. M. Lynne 
Published: December 2018

A horse with acute colic underwent exploratory laparotomy. Following anaesthetic induction, the inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO2) was found to be 0.23 and severe hypoxaemia (PaO2: 4.12 kPa [30.9 mmHg]) was detected. The terminal oxygen outlet was delivering mostly pressurised room air due to a mechanical fault within the oxygen concentrator, with subsequent failure of the auxiliary oxygen manifold. The oxygen supply in the operating room was switched to a cylinder (FiO2: 0.95) but PaO2increased to only 12.3 kPa [92.3 mmHg], indicating probable ventilation/perfusion mismatch. Anaesthetic recovery was uneventful, but signs of abdominal pain returned four days later. A second laparotomy revealed perforation of the jejunum and generalised peritonitis, and the horse was euthanased. Failure of both an oxygen concentrator and the backup supply is rare but potentially disastrous. A thorough preanaesthetic equipment check, including the FiO2, and detailed knowledge of all equipment components are essential for the anaesthetist.
Studies on proper time regularization and the QCD chiral phase transition
Authors: Cui Yu-Qiang , Pan Zhong-Liang 
Published: December 2018

We investigate the finite-temperature and zero quark chemical potential QCD chiral phase transition of strongly interacting matter within the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model as well as the proper time regularization. We use two different regularization processes, as discussed in Refs. 36 and 37, separately, to discuss how the effective mass M varies with the temperature T. Based on the calculation, we find that the M of both regularization schemes decreases when T increases. However, for three different parameter sets, quite different behaviors will show up. The results obtained by the method in Ref. 36 are very close to each other, but those in Ref. 37 are getting farther and farther from each other. This means that although the method in Ref. 37 seems physically more reasonable, it loses the advantage in Ref. 36 of a small parameter dependence. In addition, we also, find that two regularization schemes provide similar results when T [Formula: see text] 100 MeV, while when T is larger than 100 MeV, the difference becomes obvious: the M calculated by the method in Ref. 36 decreases more rapidly than that in Ref. 37.
The effect of channel uniaxial strain on thermal conductivity of graphene nano-ribbon field effect transistor
Authors: Doyom Elham Zonoobi , Haji-Nasiri Saeed 
Published: December 2018

The effect of channel uniaxial strain on thermal conductivity of graphene nano-ribbon field effect transistor (GNRFET) is analyzed by self-consistent Hückel method. The supposed strains are tensile and its values are 2% to 24% of lattice constant. All of the assumed strains are applied to the channel length direction. Energy band gap, density of states (DOS), phonon transmission, thermal conductivity, and I–V characteristics of the GNRFET have been calculated. The results show that by increasing the strain, the energy band gap of the channel is increased and the drain current is decreased. Also by increasing the band gap, phonon transmission is decreased. Maximum phonon transmission occurs in 8% strain. By considering all of these parameters, the results show that there is a maximum thermal conductivity versus temperature in 8% uniaxial strain that is more than the bare one and its value is decreased intensively in 16% and 24% strain. This is due to maximum phonon transmission that is observed in 8% strain and increasing the DOS around the energy band gap in this value. Also, it is observed that in the energy range of more than 0.75 eV, by increasing the strain, thermal conductivity is increased.
Cultural Transition in a Kibbutz Industry from Clan to Hierarchical Control Attributes
Authors: Moskovich Yaffa 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article describes changes in a kibbutz factory as an outcome of social change in the kibbutz community and in Israeli society. The study estimates the cultural transformation in the specific kibbutz industry and analyzes the transition from its original clan culture to a Weberian hierarchic structure. The findings serve as a basis for comparing the impact of cultural change in various kibbutz industries and other types of enterprises as well. When founded, the plant operated according to socialist values: Equity, democracy, rotation among managers and familial features. From the 1980s, when the kibbutz underwent privatization, its factory also shifted away from strict socialist principles. After a financial crisis in the 1990s, the factory experienced a period of decline and finally closed. Later, a private individual from outside the kibbutz bought and reopened the factory, drastically changing its organizational culture as the business became a stratified hierarchic organization.
Civilian Targeting as Interaction Ritual: Evidence from Insurgent Groups in Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Davis Andrew P. , Jang Beksahn 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Why do some insurgent groups target civilians, while others show more restraint? Whereas the majority of the literature on this topic has focused on strategic relations with civilians, in this paper the authors emphasize the role of internal group processes in influencing civilian targeting. Specifically, they argue that insurgent groups sanction violence against civilians as a means of socializing recruits that enter without preexisting ties and commitments, as is likely the case with forced recruits. The authors frame such socialization as an interaction ritual in order to understand how violence can play a role in transforming identities and building shared norms in this process. Using data drawn from two existing sources, they employ a number of statistical procedures. The authors test the extent to which forced recruitment leads to a higher number of civilian casualties for the rebel group in question – an important focus for scholars focusing on unit cohesion. Results from this analysis confirm theoretical expectations that low levels of cohesion are related to higher counts of civilian casualties.