bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Quality of Care is Associated with Disease Activity, Quality of Life, Work Productivity, and Gender, but not Disease Phenotype: A Prospective Study in a High-volume IBD Centre
Authors: Gonczi Lorant , Kurti Zsuzsanna , Verdon Christine , Reinglas Jason , Kohen Rita , Morin Isabelle , Chavez Kelly , Bessissow Talat , Afif Waqqas , Wild Gary , Seidman Ernest , Bitton Alain , Lakatos Peter L 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Measuring quality of care [QoC] in inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] has become increasingly important, yet complex assessment of QoC from the patients’ perspective is rare. We evaluated perceived QoC using the Quality of Care Through the Patient’s Eyes—IBD [QUOTE-IBD] questionnaire, and investigated associations between QoC, disease phenotype, work productivity, and health-related quality of life [HRQoL] in a high-volume IBD centre.

Methods
Consecutive patients attending McGill University Health Centre [MUHC]–IBD Centre completed the QUOTE-IBD, Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [SIBDQ], IBD-Control, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI] questionnaires. The QUOTE-IBD comprises 23 questions, each rated by a quality impact [QI] score. QI scores were calculated for the evaluation of IBD specialists, general practitioners [GPs], and hospital care.

Results
In all, 525 patients completed the questionnaire. Total QI scores for IBD specialists, GPs, and hospital care were 8.57, 8.70, and 8.33, respectively. The lowest QI scores were related to ‘accessibility’ for both IBD specialists and GPs. Female gender, current disease activity, poor HRQoL [SIBDQ score ≤50], and poor disease control [IBD-Control score <13] were associated with lower mean QI scores [p <0.001 for all]. Disease phenotype was not associated with QI scores in either Crohn’s disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC] [p = 0.69, p = 0.791, respectively]. An inverse correlation was found between total QI scores and work productivity loss [IBD specialist: p <0.001; GP: p = 0.004].

Conclusions
Overall patient satisfaction with QoC was good; however, improving patient accessibility to care is warranted. Disease phenotype was not associated with patient satisfaction, whereas female gender, current disease activity, HRQoL, and work productivity loss were associated with patients’ quality assessment, underlining that perceived QoC could be partly subjective regarding disease control and quality of life.
Associations between adolescent social phobia, sickness absence and unemployment: a prospective study of twins in Sweden
Authors: Amin Ridwanul , Svedberg Pia , Narusyte Jurgita 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Little is known about adolescent mental health problems, including social phobia, as risk factors for future work incapacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social phobia in adolescence and unemployment and sickness absence (SA) in early adulthood, also evaluating the role of familial factors (genetics and shared environment).

Methods
A sample of 2845 Swedish twins born in 1985–86 in Sweden was followed longitudinally in the population-based and prospective Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development. Information on twins’ social phobia was collected at ages 13–4, 16–7 and 19–20 years. Logistic regression providing odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used to analyze the associations between social phobia, unemployment and SA during the follow-up 2006–12. The influence of familial factors was evaluated by conditional logistic regression.

Results
Presence of social phobia during adolescence was associated with increased odds for unemployment and SA in young adulthood. For unemployment, the highest OR was at the age of 13–4 years (1.58 [95% CI: 1.22–2.06]), and the associations became null after adjusting for familial factors. For SA, the highest OR was at the age of 19–20 years (1.73 [95% CI: 1.13–2.65]), and the estimates changed slightly after adjusting for familial factors.

Conclusions
: Results suggest that social phobia experienced in adolescence contribute to early adulthood unemployment and SA. Familial factors seemed to explain the association between social phobia and unemployment.
Glucose causes primary necrosis in exponentially grown yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Valiakhmetov A Ya , Kuchin A V , Suzina N E , Zvonarev A N , Shepelyakovskaya A O 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present data on sugar-induced cell death (SICD) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the exponential phase of growth. We suggest that the nature of SICD in exponentially grown yeast is primary necrosis, in contrast to cells in the stationary growth phase, which exhibit apoptotic SICD. The following findings confirm this conclusion: (i) the process rate; (ii) the impairments of plasma membrane integrity; (iii) the drastic morphological changes in the intracellular content; (iv) the absence of chromatin condensation; (v) the absence of externalization of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of plasma membrane and (vi) the insensitivity of the SICD process to cycloheximide (CHX). Research shows that SICD occurs in a subpopulation of cells in the S-phase.
Enhancing healthy eating patterns among Hong Kong young adults
Authors: Kwok Sin Tung , Capra Sandra , Leveritt Michael 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Every year, the majority of Hong Kong young adults who graduate from secondary school progress onto tertiary education. Poor eating patterns among young adults could lead to long-term health implications associated with overweight and obesity. Using the socio-ecological model as a theoretical framework, this paper reviews the current food-related policies in Hong Kong and proposes a comprehensive policy approach relevant to a variety of organizational contexts that has the potential to support positive eating patterns among young adults by enhancing the local food environment. Hong Kong has an unusual food supply in that more than 95% of food is imported, making it vulnerable to food insecurity. Education interventions commonly conducted in Hong Kong are unlikely to be helpful because young adults acquire nutrition-related knowledge when they attend secondary school. There is a need to change the food environment in Hong Kong so that young adults can easily translate their nutrition knowledge into making healthy food choices. Policy approaches might be among the most effective strategies for bringing positive changes in eating patterns because they have the potential to directly influence the food environment and context where an individual lives. A comprehensive suite of approaches that fill the policy gaps, remove barriers of healthy food consumption and create more healthy food choices is required to improve diet and health.
A new fast radio burst in the data sets containing the Lorimer burst
Authors: Zhang S-B , Hobbs G , Dai S , Toomey L , Staveley-Smith L , Russell C J , Wu X-F 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We report the discovery of a new fast radio burst (FRB), FRB 010312, in archival data from a 1.4 GHz survey of the Magellanic Clouds using the multibeam receiver on the Parkes 64-m-diameter radio telescope. These data sets include the Lorimer burst (FRB 010724), which it pre-dates and which we also re-detect. The new burst has a much higher dispersion measure of 1187 cm−3 pc. The burst is one of the broadest found to date, the second earliest FRB known, and the ninth FRB discovered with a dispersion measure larger than 1000 cm$^{-3}\,$ pc. Our discovery indicates that there are likely to be more burst events still to be found in the existing Parkes data archive.
Health and Well-Being
Authors: Christens Brian D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 distinguishes multiple hypothesized pathways through which empowerment processes produce impacts on health and well-being. The most direct outcome of empowerment processes is that social power is built and exercised. When this occurs, there are benefits for the participants in those processes, who often experience reduced stress and isolation. Empowerment processes also often lead to changes in policies and systems, thereby addressing systemic inequities and contributing to community well-being. Moreover, since empowerment processes can alter community power structures and make them more egalitarian, this may in itself lead to reduced vulnerability and insecurity and greater trust and cohesion. This chapter delineates multiple pathways—participant, ecological, and pluralist—through which empowerment processes can promote health, well-being, and health equity.
Mighty Warriors?
Authors: Murphy Kelly J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on how the construction of masculinity is created through comparisons of men, including within the biblical texts and in later interpretations of these texts. First, the chapter introduces key ideas including hegemonic masculinity and multiple masculinities. Second, the chapter traces how Gideon is introduced as a “mighty warrior,” though later readers often find such a title ironic. Third, the chapter examines clues left in the texts of Judg 6:11–24, 25–32, and 33–35 that indicate these passages were rewritten by various editors, whose ideas of how a divinely appointed “mighty warrior” might act differed from the hegemonic fighting male of the Hebrew Bible. Finally, the chapter examines how select Jewish interpretations rewrote Gideon to align him with their own understanding of the ideal man as moderate, family oriented, and focused on serving God.
Conclusion
Authors: Murphy Kelly J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The conclusion summarizes the findings of the previous chapters, focusing on how we can now see three different masculinities inscribed in the narrative about Gideon. First, there is an early, pre-Judges story about a warrior who worked on a local scale, who lived up to many of the ideals of the ancient Near Eastern hegemonic warrior. Second, a later Deuteronomistically inspired update places traditions about Gideon into the larger framework of the book of Judges, broadening the scale of Gideon’s army, adding significant theological framing to the stories, and portraying Gideon as a faithful, if hesitant, Yahwist. Third, further updates change the nature of the ephod story by adding v. 27b, thereby rewriting Gideon as an idolater and casting aspersions on his role as Abimelech’s father. The conclusion also briefly traces the ways that later readers have rewritten Gideon to fit their own constructions of masculinity.
Military Decision-Making
Authors: Shortland Neil D. , Alison Laurence J. , Moran Joseph M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses three broad approaches to understanding how military decisions are made: (1) the military decision-making process (MDMP), based largely on historical experience and, arguably, best described as the nearest thing to a doctrine-based approach; (2) rational–cognitive approaches and the literature on heuristics and biases and the means to try to optimize decision-making; and (3) so-called “naturalistic decision-making” approaches based largely on observations of decision-making in the field and thus perhaps best considered as a descriptive observation-based framework. The chapter discusses the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches and notes that each weakness reveals considerable gaps in knowledge about the specific nature of the impossible decisions that soldiers face.
Situation Awareness
Authors: Shortland Neil D. , Alison Laurence J. , Moran Joseph M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the process of sense-making in combat. It presents cases of sense-making from those involved in offensive operations in the field as well as those involved in more remote operations whose sense-making is solely reliant upon small snippets of the scene that they can observe through the technology they have deployed at that time. The chapter discusses the limitations (cognitive and situational) in trying to gain an accurate picture of what is happening on the ground and the implications of this for the ensuing stages of the decision-making process. Special attention is paid to the role of cultural differences and the difficulties in making sense and “storytelling” in environments that have little in common with one’s own. Finally, with reference to a real case of mission planning in Afghanistan, the fine balance between acting too soon and becoming inert is discussed.
Team Learning
Authors: Shortland Neil D. , Alison Laurence J. , Moran Joseph M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In many military and critical incident situations, teams operate as part of a coalition or collective of other organizations. Interoperation adds complexity to the decision-making process because it brings together organizations with (potentially) disparate (and competing) values, priorities, and organizational practices. This chapter examines the issues of value congruence between the person and the organization. Specifically, it discusses value congruence at a situation-specific level (i.e., how does organizational/personal value congruence affect least-worst decision-making in operation) and also the factors within the organization that can facilitate or hinder effective decision-making. Finally, value congruence is extrapolated to examine the overall effects of “person–organization” fit, especially as it pertains to moral behavior and issues of retention.
Least-Worst Decision-Making “in Extremis”
Authors: Shortland Neil D. , Alison Laurence J. , Moran Joseph M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Given the immense physiological effect of being at war, and the unique effect this has on the physiology and psychology of the soldier, this chapter examines decisions implemented at the tactical level. It presents a dynamic, slow-burn operation to show the complicated process of implementing a least-worst decision on the ground and, importantly, how soldiers react when a plan does not work. The chapter also presents the decision-making in this case and other cases of operations on the ground to examine the psychological factors associated with successfully (and unsuccessfully) making military decisions in extremis. In many cases we examine the psychology of decision-making without referencing, or considering, the physiology of decision-making. These two are in fact intertwined and we attempt to bridge the two in this chapter.
Sacrifice
Authors: Konstam Varda 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Sacrifice has been linked to many positive results for both individuals and couples. The relationship between commitment and sacrifice is explored. The findings of Kogan et al. with regard to sacrifice and how it relates to both communal and exchange relationships are presented. Adopting a communal attitude requires shifting from an I orientation to a we orientation. Emerging adults’ understanding of, and approach to, sacrifice often changes over the course of their 20s. This change is reflected in the experiences of many of the 29 emerging adults who were interviewed. For these emerging adults in challenging economic/cultural conditions, who are under financial and social stress and have not seen the benefits of sacrifice in their lives, the idea of giving up something concrete and hard-won for the abstract possibility of gaining a vague reward has limited appeal and practicality.
The Breakup
Authors: Konstam Varda 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores how emerging adults make meaning of breakups and adapt to romantic loss. Causal attributions are considered and both positive and negative outcomes of breakups are explored. Theories and studies related to loss are examined, including Bowlby’s attachment model and narrative theory. An examination of churning relationships, as well as of common sexual behaviors related to breakups, such as sex with an ex, rebound sex, and revenge sex, help inform our understanding of when and how relationships come to an end. The 29 emerging-adult study participants relay their experiences and points of view with respect to romantic breakups.
Summary and Syntheses
Authors: Konstam Varda 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter revisits the challenging economic and romantic conditions in which today’s emerging adults find themselves, conditions that help explain why emerging adults are taking longer to commit to long-term relationships than their parents did. The main milestones in transitioning from an I identity to a we identity are reviewed, with an emphasis on the constructs of commitment and sacrifice and their centrality to one’s readiness for a long-term relationship. The concept of risk is discussed as an explanation as to why many emerging adults seem content to foster ambiguity in their relationships even as they say they value honesty and clarity. Structures such as asymmetrically committed relationships, cohabitation, marriage and divorce are examined through the lens of risk and risk avoidance. Their commonality and individuality are emphasized, providing a rich understanding of emerging adults and how they live and love.
Legal Metanormativity
Authors: Lindeman Kathryn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetaethical constitutivists attempt to explain reasons or normativity in terms of what is constitutive of agency. This type of normative explanation is increasingly popular for explaining normative features in domains beyond the moral. Scott Shapiro has recently defended a novel form of constitutivist explanation in the philosophy of law, which he calls the Planning Theory. On Shapiro’s account, legal systems are social planning systems with a constitutive moral aim that they gain due to the avowals of high-ranking officials. Shapiro then argues that this constitutive moral aim can be used to explain the normativity governing both laws and legal officials. This chapter develops two objections to Shapiro’s theory. First, it argues that Shapiro is unsuccessful in his attempt to establish the moral aim of legal systems is unsuccessful. Second, it argues that, even if successful, Shapiro lacks the resources to establish that such a moral aim of a legal system could explain the normativity governing legal officials. The conclusion is that Shapiro’s Planning Theory is not a persuasive constitutive explanation of the normativity of law. Despite the shortcomings of the Planning Theory, the chapter argues that understanding its strengths and working to avoid its weaknesses can help us see the shape of a more promising constitutivist account in the legal domain and also help in developing a more general metanormative constitutivist account.
Robust Normativity, Morality, and Legal Positivism
Authors: Plunkett David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses two different issues about the relationship between legal positivism and robust normativity (understood as the most authoritative kind of normativity to which we appeal). First, the chapter argues that, in many contexts when discussing “legal positivism” and “legal antipositivism”, the discussion should be shifted from whether legal facts are ultimately partly grounded in moral facts to whether they are ultimately partly grounded in robustly normative facts. Second, the chapter explores an important difference within the kinds of arguments that legal philosophers give for the (purported) truth of legal positivism. The difference concerns whether (purportedly) robustly normative facts are appealed to as premises in those arguments or not. (A closely connected issue is whether (purportedly) normative facts that bear one or more important connections to robustly normative facts are appealed to in premises to those arguments.) The chapter argues that thinking about this dividing line helps people better situate the positivist/antipositivist dispute, better understand the space of views in legal philosophy, better evaluate those views, and avoid having merely verbal disputes.
Introduction
Authors: Peterson Anna 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
As prelude to the discussions of the six chapters that follow, this introduction gives an overview of the evidence for the accessibility of Old Comedy—beyond Aristophanes’s extant plays—during the Imperial era. It also lays out what have been perceived as the two primary ways that Imperial-era authors approached the genre: as a linguistic source and as a problem. In doing so, it provides a survey of the scholarly approaches adopted by the lexicographers (Julius Pollux, Phrynichus, the Anti-atticist) and Athenaeus. It also considers the persistent influence that the writings of Plato, Aristotle, and Hellenistic critics exerted on how later Greeks understood the genre. As examples of this, it discusses Dio Chrysostom’s commentary on the comic poets in Or. 33 (First Tarsian) and Aelian’s account of Socrates’s trial and execution in Historical Miscellany. The chapter concludes with an outline of the structure and argument of the other sections of the book.
Old Comedy Revived
Authors: Peterson Anna 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Lucian of Samosata is the Imperial-era author who most closely associates himself with the ribald and satiric humor of Old Comedy. In two of his dialogues, Fisherman and Double Indictment, Lucian takes up Old Comedy’s status as a problematic genre, imagining that a satiric character, who is all but explicitly an authorial cipher, has been brought up on trial for comically debasing philosophy and must defend his use of comedy. Here, through scenarios drawn directly from Old Comedy, Lucian cultivates the comic poet’s position as a literary underdog in danger of having his comic license revoked by the philosophical tradition. It is ultimately this premise that allows Lucian to recreate the generic interplay and self-reflexivity of Old Comedy.
Non-State Order and Security
Authors: Idler Annette 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 presents a theoretical framework to systematically trace how interactions among violent non-state groups influence people’s security. The first part theorizes behavioral patterns among violent non-state groups as forms of non-state order. It offers a typology of violent non-state group interactions with eight types that fall into three clusters: the “enmity” cluster, in which groups fight each other; the “rivalry” cluster, involving unstable short-term arrangements among groups with unpredictable outbreaks of violence; and the “friendship” cluster that consists of relatively stable long-term arrangements. These clusters emerge from distinct distrust-reducing mechanisms employed by the groups. The second part of the chapter introduces the analytical lens of citizen security. This lens accounts for both observed and perceived insecurity, and for repercussions of these on the state-society relationship. It highlights why and how specific violent non-state group interactions are conducive to distinct security outcomes, including violence, the erosion of social fabric, and shadow citizenship.
Global Borderlands
Authors: Idler Annette 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Chapter 8 discusses the implications of interactions among violent non-state groups for security dynamics in borderlands and elsewhere across the globe. It argues that these implications are contingent on an approach that transcends externally imposed categories, particularly those related to space, time, and agency. The chapter presents how the book’s findings help develop “second-best” policy interventions that target those security challenges arising from violent non-state groups that are mitigated most effectively. To stimulate further debate and research conducive to tackling these challenges, the chapter sketches out three lines of inquiry on which a borderland lens can shed new light: transnational borderlands (space), a changing security landscape (time), and the relations among people, violent non-state groups, and the state (agency).