bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a New Large Flaming Ignition Source for Upholstered Seating and Mattress Tests. Part 1: Characterisation of Ignition Sources
Authors: Laperre J. , Paul K. T. 
Published: September 2018

Flaming ignition sources are used in standard tests to assess the ignitability of upholstery seating and mattress composites. These sources should preferably be equivalent to the ignition source occurring in real life situations. BS 5852 defines a total of seven ignition sources of which the No. 5 Crib is used for testing upholstered seating and mattresses designated for use in public premises. In this paper this ignition source is compared to two newspaper ignition sources of 20 grams and several other ignition sources. Extensive rate of heat release measurements in the cone calorimeter tests and heat flux distribution measurements towards the back and the base of an inert L-shaped test rig simulating the seating test rig are presented and discussed. Flaming ignition sources are used in standard tests to assess the ignitability of upholstery seating and mattress composites. These sources should preferably be equivalent to ignition sources occurring in real life situations. BS5852 defines a total of seven ignition sources of which the No. 5 Crib is used for testing upholstered seating and mattresses designated for use in public premises. This paper discusses different candidate ignition sources and compares them with the 20 gram newspaper ignition source required by the EC as part of the earlier draft Furniture Directive. Modified crib structures as well as multi-jet gas burners have been studied and the final selection of the ignition source was based on extensive tests on upholstery seating and mattress composites.
Influence of Different Endothermic Foaming Agents on Microcellular Injection Moulded Wood Fibre Reinforced PP Composites
Authors: Bledzki Andrzej K. , Faruk Omar 
Published: September 2018

Microcellular wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites, a new development using bio-fibre strengthened plastic, were prepared in an injection moulding process. The influence of three different endothermic chemical foaming agents was examined. The effects of various concentrations (1 to 4 wt.% of the composites) of the chemical foaming agent on the properties of the composites was studied with a view to establishing the concentration-structure-property relationships for these materials. The influence of wood fibre type (hard wood and soft wood) on the microcellular structure and physico-mechanical properties of the composites was also investigated. Microcell morphology (cell size, shape and distribution) was observed using scanning electron microscope. The chemical substance of different endothermic foaming agent affected the microcellular structure of hard and soft wood fibre-PP composites. Endothermic foaming agent with chemical substance polymeric microsphere (ESC 5313) showed finer microcellular structures compared to other foaming agents and 4 wt.% content of chemical foaming agent exhibits finer microcellular structures than the other contents. The reinforcing of soft wood fibre showed significantly finer microcellular structures than the hard wood fibre reinforcements. Density reduced maximum 30% and decreased up to 0.721 g/cm3 at soft wood fibre 30 wt.% content with coupling agent maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAH-PP). With the addition of MAH-PP, specific tensile strength and specific flexural strength increased maximum 60% and 55% respectively with foaming agent ESC 5313 at soft wood fibre 30 wt.% content.
Cellular Structure of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Foams Based on LDPE
Authors: Román-Lorza S. , Rodriguez-Perez M.A. , De Saja Sáez J.A. 
Published: September 2018

Composites of LDPE/ATH (up to 70 wt.%) were foamed to create new materials with good fire retardancy properties and low weight, proving the feasibility of developing cellular structures when high levels of inorganic fillers are included. An experimental study was carried out to explore the effects of chemical composition on cellular structure as well as the effect of structure on their thermal, mechanical and combustion properties. Samples fabrication was carried out using an improved compression moulding route consisting of polymer compounding, precursor preparation and foaming under pressure. The polymer matrix consisted of low density polyethylene as well as certain amount of LLDPE-g-MAH as compatibilizer agent. The inorganic filler used was aluminium trihydroxide (ATH) ranging from 0 wt.% to 70 wt.%. Furthermore, azodicarbonamide (ADC) was used as chemical blowing agent.Foamed samples with cell sizes below 100 microns were produced. These samples showed similar fire retardancy than their solid precursors. The compatibilization was proved indispensable to achieve a good adhesion between mineral filler and polymer and to improve the cellular structure. The increase of the amount of filler has an interesting effect on the cellular structure, going from a closed-cell (at low contents) to an open-cell (at higher contents) cellular structure.As a result of this investigation, halogen-free flame retardant cellular materials were processed, leading to a notable reduction of material compared to the solid one and to new properties which can result in new applications.
Assessment of Fire Performance of Typical Furniture Foams with and without Fire Retardants Using a Cone Calorimeter
Authors: Chow W.K. , Han S.S. , Zeng W.R. 
Published: September 2018

Both thermal and smoke aspects on typical samples of furniture foams with and without fire retardants available in the market were tested with a cone calorimeter. To study their behaviour under big fires, high incident radiative heat fluxes up to 70 kWm-2 were adjusted. Transient curves on heat release rate, mass loss rate, carbon monoxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, smoke release rate and other key parameters were measured. Further, chemical constituents of the fire retardants were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infrared, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. It is observed that foam treated with fire retardant would not be ignited under an incident heat flux of 10 kWm-2. However, when burning under heat fluxes higher than 20 kWm-2, there is not much improvement in the thermal aspect for foam treated with fire retardants. Even more smoke and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide was emitted. Therefore, testing ignitibility of furniture foam materials under a small match flame is not adequate. Tests with high radiative heat flux encountered in big fires are suggested. Cone calorimeter tests proposed in this paper would give a better assessment on fire safety. Finally, three risk parameters are proposed to work out a combustibility database.
How is sexuality after stroke experienced by stroke survivors and partners of stroke survivors? A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: McGrath Margaret , Lever Sandra , McCluskey Annie , Power Emma 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To synthesise how post-stroke sexuality is experienced by stroke survivors and partners of stroke survivors. Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from inception to May 2018 using a combination of relevant Medical Subject Headings and Free Text Terms. Only papers published in English reporting original qualitative research were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Research Checklist. All text presented as ‘results’ or ‘findings’ in the included studies was extracted and subjected to a thematic analysis and synthesis which was discussed and agreed by the research team. Results: The initial search yielded 136 unique papers with a further 8 papers identified through reference checking. Following full-text review, 43 papers were included in the final synthesis. Two analytical themes were identified: sexuality is silenced and sexuality is muted and sometimes changed, but not forgotten. These themes were made up of six descriptive themes: struggle to communicate within relationships, health professionals don’t talk about sexuality, sexuality and disability is a taboo topic, changes to pre-stroke relationships, changed relationship with the stroke survivor’s own body and resuming sexual intimacy – adaptation and loss. Conclusion: Stroke has a profound impact on how sexuality is experienced by both stroke survivors and partners of stroke survivors. Despite this, post-stroke sexuality is rarely discussed openly. Stroke survivors and partners value sexuality and may benefit from strategies to support adjustment to post-stroke sexuality.
Rapid effectiveness of intravenous ketamine for ultraresistant depression in a clinical setting and evidence for baseline anhedonia and bipolarity as clinical predictors of effectiveness
Authors: Thomas Rejish K , Baker Glen , Lind John , Dursun Serdar 
Published: September 2018

Background: Intravenous ketamine has been established as an efficacious and safe treatment, with transient effect, for treatment-resistant depression. However, the effectiveness of intravenous ketamine in non-research settings and with ultraresistant depression patients remains understudied. Aims: This study aims to measure the response and remission rates in ultraresistant depression patients in a clinical setting by means of a retrospective, open label, database study. Secondarily, the study will attempt to support previous findings of clinical predictors of effectiveness with intravenous ketamine treatment. Methods: Fifty patients with ultraresistant depression were treated between May 2015–December 2016, inclusive, in two community hospitals in Edmonton using six ketamine infusions of 0.5 mg/kg over 40 min over 2–3 weeks. Data were collected retrospectively from inpatient and outpatient charts. Statistical analysis to investigate clinical predictors of effectiveness included logistic regression analysis using a dependent variable of a 50% reduction in rating scale score at any point during treatment. Results: At baseline, the average treatment resistance was severe, with a Maudsley Staging Method score of 12.1 out of 15, 90.0% were resistant to electroconvulsive therapy, and the average Beck Depression Inventory score was 34.2. The response rate was 44% and remission rate was 16%. As a single predictor, moderate or severe anhedonia at baseline predicted a 55% increased likelihood of response. As a combined predictor, this level of anhedonia at baseline with a diagnosis of bipolar depression predicted a 73% increase in likelihood of response. Conclusion: In a clinical setting, intravenous ketamine showed effectiveness in a complex, severely treatment-resistant, depressed population on multiple medication profiles concurrently. This study gave support to anhedonia and bipolar depression as clinical predictors of effectiveness.
Differential effects of clomipramine on depression-like behaviors induced by the chronic social defeat paradigm in tree shrews
Authors: Shen Fang , Qi Keke , Duan Ying , Li Yonghui , Liang Jing , Meng Xiaolu , Li Ming , Sui Nan 
Published: September 2018

Background: Anhedonia is a hallmark symptom in major depression that reflects deficits in hedonic capacity and it is also linked to motivation for reward. However, studies of the features of motivation in depressed tree shrews are rather sparse. Aims: The study aimed to investigate the core feature of depression including lack of interest, motivation reduction, and social avoidance in tree shrews. Furthermore, the effects of the treatment using clomipramine on these depression-like behaviors were assessed. Methods: The paradigm of chronic social defeat in tree shrews was used to evaluate the core feature of depression through examining their sucrose preference, break-point for reward, and social interaction. Results: The results showed that social defeat lowered the curves of the sucrose preference and the break-point, as well as decreased social interaction. The results suggested that the subordinate animals exhibited interest loss, motivational reduction, and social avoidance. After oral treatment with clomipramine (50 mg/kg/day) for four weeks, most of the depression-like behaviors were reversed, whereas the motivational reduction was not clearly affected. Notably, the motivational reduction appeared obviously during the first week after the social defeat, and the conventional tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine did not reverse the reduced motivation. Conclusions: These findings imply that motivational variation might be applied as a more sensitive behavioral index in subordinate animals and could furthermore be used to evaluate potential agents as antidepressants.
Drug-Coated Versus Plain Balloon Angioplasty In Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Randomized, Controlled Study With 1-Year Follow-Up (The Drecorest Ii-Study)
Authors: Björkman P. , Weselius E.-M. , Kokkonen T. , Rauta V. , Albäck A. , Venermo M. 
Published: September 2018

Background and Aims: Stenosis due to intimal hyperplasia and restenosis after initially successful percutaneous angioplasty are common reasons for failing arteriovenous fistulas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drug-coated balloons in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Design: Single-center, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Block randomized by sealed envelope 1:1. Materials and Methods: A total of 39 patients with primary or recurrent stenosis in a failing native arteriovenous fistulas were randomized to drug-coated balloon (n = 19) or standard balloon angioplasty (n = 20). Follow-up was 1 year. Primary outcome measure was target lesion revascularization. Results: In all, 36 stenoses were analyzed; three patients were excluded due to technical failure after randomization. A total of 88.9% (16/18) in the drug-coated balloon group was revascularized or occluded within 1 year, compared to 22.2% (4/18) of the stenoses in the balloon angioplasty group (relative risk for drug-coated balloon 7.09). Mean time-to- target lesion revascularization was 110 and 193 days after the drug-coated balloon and balloon angioplasty, respectively (p = 0.06). Conclusions: With 1-year follow-up, the target lesion revascularization-free survival after drug-coated balloon-treatment was clearly worse. The reason for this remains unknown, but it may be due to differences in the biological response to paclitaxel in the venous arteriovenous fistula-wall compared to its antiproliferative effect in the arterial wall after drug-coated balloon treatment of atherosclerotic occlusive lesions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036241
Disciplining the risky subject: a discourse analysis of the concept of resilience in social work literature
Authors: Park Yoosun , Crath Rory , Jeffery Donna 
Published: September 2018

Summary The concept of resilience has become an established, taken-for-granted concept in social work. This poststructuralist discourse analysis of randomly sampled social work articles on resilience examines the discursive mechanisms through which the concept of resilience has been constructed in particular ways and considers the political effects of such usage. Findings The study of resilience is always a post facto analysis; markers of resilience are predetermined by dominant ideas of the normal and the normative subject. Systemic risk factors such as poverty and inequality are acknowledged to be productive of subjects in need of resilience. Yet, those structures are relegated to the margins of the manuscript and elided in favor of individualized analysis and intervention; the identified locus of risk and the targeted site of interventions are entirely at odds. Resilience, thus, serves as a designation for risky subjects’ capacity to accommodate—not actively change—their social/political environments, including their interactions with social work and social workers. It functions as a technology of the neoliberal self that allows social workers to construct and manage subjects capable of self-management and productive self-sufficiency. Application The resilience enterprise thus short-circuits social work’s aims for social justice. Examination of the discourse of resilience for their implications for practice, education, and research is a political imperative for social work and is necessary to open up new sightlines of possibility for a reenergized, more complex social work praxis. Suggestions for future directions are included.
Hilar Renal Artery Aneurysm Repair Using Coil Embolization and Covered Stent
Authors: Rodriguez-Rapale Victor A. , Martinez-Trabal Jorge L. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Little has been reported regarding endovascular therapy with stent of renal artery hilar aneurysms. To that end, we herein report the outcomes of 3 hilar renal artery aneurysms (RAA) treated with an endovascular technique that makes use of a covered stent and coil embolization in the repair of hilar RAA and deem using this technique is better than traditional open approach with back-table repair and autotransplatation. Methods: Since November 2014, 3 consecutive patients have been referred to the vascular surgery service for evaluation of a right RAA; these patients’ aneurysms were diagnosed with a CT arteriogram prior to evaluation. These patients, typically treated with open surgery, were deemed to be candidates for endovascular repair and were treated as follows: (1) cannulation of the right Common Femoral Artery with a selective arteriogram of the right renal artery, (2) covered stent to dominant hilar artery branch, and (3) coil embolization of the remaining branches/tributaries. Perioperative outcomes and quality measures were analyzed and compared. Results: The aneurysms were successfully covered and excluded as confirmed by a completion arteriogram. There were no perioperative morbidities (ie, acute kidney injury, endoleak, etc), and all 3 patients were discharged home the same days of their interventions. At their follow-up visits, the patients were free of symptoms and had normal renal functions as well as Computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirming successfully excluded aneurysms and no endoleaks. Conclusion: The technique we used demonstrated excellent outcomes with minimal comorbidities and preservation of renal function. As with many endovascular interventions, our technique compared favorably to traditional open technique in terms of technical feasibility, decreased length of stay, faster recovery, maintaining renal function, and reduced complication rates.
How I use molecular genetic tests to evaluate patients who have or may have myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Steensma David P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) can be difficult to diagnose, especially when morphological changes in blood and marrow cells are minimal, myeloblast proportion is not increased, and the karyotype is normal. The discovery of &gt;40 genes that are recurrently somatically mutated in MDS patients raised hope that molecular genetic testing for these mutations might help clarify the diagnosis in ambiguous cases where patients present with cytopenias and nondiagnostic marrow morphological findings. However, many older healthy individuals also harbor somatic mutations in leukemia-associated driver genes, especially in DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1, and detection of common aging-associated mutations in a cytopenic patient can cause diagnostic uncertainty. Despite this potential confounding factor, certain somatic mutation patterns when observed in cytopenic patients confer a high likelihood of disease progression and may allow a provisional diagnosis of MDS even if morphologic dysplasia and other diagnostic criteria are absent. A subset of acquired mutations also influences risk stratification of patients with an established MDS diagnosis and can inform treatment selection. Many unanswered questions remain about the implications of specific mutations, and clinicians also vary widely in their comfort with interpreting sequencing results. Here, I review the use of molecular genetic assays in patients with possible MDS or diagnosed MDS.
STAT5 is essential for IL-7–mediated viability, growth, and proliferation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel , Melão Alice , van Boxtel Ruben , Santos Cristina I. , Silva Ana , Silva Milene C. , Cardoso Bruno A. , Coffer Paul J. , Barata João T. 
Published: September 2018

Key PointsSTAT5 is required for IL-7–mediated proliferation and viability, but it does not regulate Bcl-2 downstream from IL-7 in T-ALL cells. PIM1 is required for IL-7-induced leukemia cell cycle progression and proliferation and may be a therapeutic target for IL-7-reliant T-ALLs.
Type 1 Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy after Blood Flow–restricted Training in Powerlifters
Authors: BJØRNSEN THOMAS , WERNBOM MATHIAS , KIRKETEIG ALEXANDER , PAULSEN GØRAN , SAMNØY LARS , BÆKKEN LASSE , CAMERON-SMITH DAVID , BERNTSEN SVEINUNG , RAASTAD TRULS 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the effects of blood flow–restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on myofiber areas (MFA), number of myonuclei and satellite cells (SC), muscle size and strength in powerlifters.MethodsSeventeen national level powerlifters (25 ± 6 yr [mean ± SD], 15 men) were randomly assigned to either a BFRRE group (n= 9) performing two blocks (weeks 1 and 3) of five BFRRE front squat sessions within a 6.5-wk training period, or a conventional training group (Con;n= 8) performing front squats at 60%–85% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The BFRRE consisted of four sets (first and last set to voluntary failure) at ~30% of 1RM. Muscle biopsies were obtained fromm. vastus lateralis(VL) and analyzed for MFA, myonuclei, SC and capillaries. Cross-sectional areas (CSA) of VL andm. rectus femoriswere measured by ultrasonography. Strength was evaluated by maximal voluntary isokinetic torque (MVIT) in knee extension and 1RM in front squat.ResultsBFRRE induced selective increases in type I MFA (BFRRE: 12% vs Con: 0%,P< 0.01) and myonuclear number (BFRRE: 18% vs Con: 0%,P= 0.02). Type II MFA was unaltered in both groups. BFRRE induced greater changes in VL CSA (7.7% vs 0.5%,P= 0.04), which correlated with the increases in MFA of type I fibers (r= 0.81,P= 0.02). No group differences were observed in SC and strength changes, although MVIT increased with BFRRE (P= 0.04), whereas 1RM increased in Con (P= 0.02).ConclusionsTwo blocks of low-load BFRRE in the front squat exercise resulted in increased quadriceps CSA associated with preferential hypertrophy and myonuclear addition in type 1 fibers of national level powerlifters.
#DIFERENÇA: IMAGENS DENTROFORA DA ESCOLA
Authors: Medeiros Cristiano Sant'anna de 
Published: September 2018

Partindo das premissas dos estudos nos/dos/com os cotidianos, esta pesquisa de doutorado teve como objetivo pensar com imagens compartilhadas por estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, as noções de diferença tecidas com essa prática em suas articulações com as narrativas que engendraram. As imagens em questão foram compartilhadas na rede social da internet Facebook, em páginas correspondentes a grupos criados para este fim, denominados #Diferença e que operaram como dispositivo de pesquisa-intervenção, situando-se em um contexto que enunciamos como “sociedade do compartilhamento”. Buscamos pensar com fragmentos das redes de significações tecidas no momento em que eram compostas, problematizando conceitos, representações, dogmas e rupturas em relação a perspectivas tradicionais e hegemônicas da noção de diferença. As imagens, acompanhadas de suas narrativas/análises, nos deram pistas para pensar nos múltiplos atravessamentos e bricolagens entre imagens e ideias de diferença.