bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious Involvement and Substance Use Among Urban Mothers
Authors: Burdette Amy M. , Hill Terrence D. , Webb Noah S. , Ford Jason A. , Haynes Stacy H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough numerous cross‐sectional studies suggest that religious involvement is associated with lower rates of substance use, it is unclear whether these protective effects can be observed over time with more rigorous longitudinal designs. In this study, we use longitudinal data from the U.S. Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 3,176) to test whether indicators of religious involvement are protective against illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse among mothers who are primarily single and of low socioeconomic status. Our results show that religious involvement at baseline is unrelated to prescription drug misuse at follow‐up. We also find that religious attendance at baseline reduces the odds of illicit drug use at follow‐up. Respondents who increased their level of religious attendance over the study period also tended to exhibit a concurrent reduction in the odds of illicit drug use. Although prior substance use was unrelated to changes in religious attendance, prior illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse were associated with a reduction in religious salience over the study period.
Influence of genetic variants on childhood lung function – The Generation R Study
Authors: Shagiwal Sara S. , den Dekker Herman T. , de Jongste Johan C. , Brusselle Guy G. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Felix Janine F. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGenetic variants associated with adult lung function could already exert the effects on childhood lung function. We aimed to examine the associations of adult lung function‐related genetic variants with childhood lung function and asthma, and whether these associations were modified by atopic predisposition, tobacco smoke exposure, or early growth characteristics. In a population‐based prospective cohort study among 3347 children, we selected 7 and 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adult forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), respectively. Weighted genetic risk scores (GRSs) for FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were constructed. At age 10, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25‐75), and forced expiratory flow at 75% (FEF75) of FVC were measured, and information on asthma was obtained by parental‐reported questionnaires. The FEV1‐GRS was associated with lower childhood FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF75 (Z‐score (95% CI): −0.03 (−0.05, −0.01), −0.03 (−0.05, −0.01), and −0.04 (−0.05, −0.01), respectively, per additional risk allele). The FEV1/FVC‐GRS was associated with lower childhood FEV1/FVC and FEF75 (Z‐score (95% CI): −0.04 (−0.05, −0.03) and −0.03 (−0.05, −0.02), respectively, per additional risk allele). Effect estimates of FEV1‐GRS with FEF25‐75, FEV1, FEF75, and FVC, and of FEV1/FVC‐GRS with FEV1/FVC and FEF25‐75 were stronger among children exposed to non‐atopic mothers, smoking during pregnancy or in childhood, or those born with a lower birthweight, respectively (P‐values for interaction < .05). Genetic risk scores were not associated with asthma. Adult lung function‐related genetic variants were associated with childhood lung function. Maternal atopy, smoking during pregnancy or in childhood, and birthweight modified the observed effects.
Palaeobiogeographical distribution of Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas within the western USA basin and its controlling parameters
Authors: Jattiot Romain , Brayard Arnaud , Bucher Hugo , Vennin Emmanuelle , Caravaca GwénaËl , Jenks James F. , Bylund Kevin G. , Escarguel Gilles 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present the first quantitative palaeobiogeographical analysis in terms of distribution and abundance of Early Triassic ammonoids from the western USA basin during the Smithian, c. 1 myr after the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction. The faunal dataset consists of a taxonomically homogenized compilation of spatial and temporal occurrences and abundances from 27 sections distributed within the western USA basin. Two complementary multivariate techniques were applied to identify the main biogeographical structuring recorded in the analysed presence/absence data: additive cluster analysis using the neighbor‐joining algorithm (NJ) and non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Regarding abundance data, a taxonomic diversity (sensu evenness) analysis was coupled with graphical comparisons of relative abundances of selected taxa. The identified relationships indicate that middle Smithian ammonoids of the western USA basin were geographically organized in terms of both distribution and abundance, with the biogeographical distinction of a southern and a northern cluster. This N–S structuring in the distribution and abundance of middle Smithian ammonoids is notably paralleled by the relative amount of siliciclastics, which suggests that clastic load of the water column was a major controlling factor. In marked contrast with the middle Smithian, the studied late Smithian ammonoid assemblages do not show any significant differences, whatever the depositional environment. This abrupt biogeographical homogenization, independent from intrabasinal facies heterogeneity, indicates a switch from regional to global drivers, associated with the well‐known late Smithian global extinction and remarkable cosmopolitan ammonoid distributions during that time.
Low‐dose dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to propofol infusion for children in MRI: A double‐cohort study
Authors: Nagoshi Makoto , Reddy Swayta , Bell Marisa , Cresencia Allan , Margolis Rebecca , Wetzel Randall , Ross Patrick 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIntroductionPropofol is an effective sedative for magnetic resonance imaging. Nevertheless, it may cause hemodynamic and respiratory complications in a dose dependent fashion. We investigated the role of low‐dose dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) as an adjuvant to propofol sedation for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesized that dexmedetomidine would decrease the propofol dose required, airway complications, and hemodynamic instability.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients’ age of 1 month to 20 years. Children were divided into 2 groups; group P received only propofol; group D + P received intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) and propofol.ResultsWe reviewed 172 children in P and 129 in D + P (dexmedetomidine dose, median: 0.50 μg/kg (IQR: 0.45‐0.62). An additional dexmedetomidine bolus was given to 17 children for sedation lasting longer than 2 hours. Total propofol dose (μg/kg/min) was significantly higher in group P than D + P; 215.0 (182.6‐253.8) vs 147.6 (127.5‐180.9); Median Diff = −67.8; 95%CI = −80.6, −54.9; P < .0001. There was no difference in recovery time (minutes); P: 28 (17‐39) vs D + P: 27 (18‐41); Median Diff = −1; 95%CI = −6.0, 4.0; P = .694. The need for airway support was significantly greater in P compared to D + P; 15/172 vs 3/129; OR = 0.25; 95%CI = 0.07 to 0.90; P = .02 (2‐sample proportions test). Mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in P compared to D + P across time over 60 minutes after induction (coef = −0.06, 95%CI = −0.11, −0.02, P = .004).Discussion & ConclusionA low‐dose bolus of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) used as an adjuvant can decrease the propofol requirement for children undergoing sedation for magnetic resonance imaging. This may decrease the need for airway support and contribute to improved hemodynamic stability without prolonging recovery time.
The Ayre's T‐piece turns 80: A 21st century review
Authors: Oswald Lauren , Smith Emma‐Jane , Mathew Malcolm , Goonasekera Chulananda 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAyre's T‐piece, first introduced 80 years ago, continues to be widely used in pediatric anesthesia despite colossal advances in equipment and technology. We present a review of its history, advantages, and disadvantages, and place in modern‐day clinical practice.
Non‐mammalian Hosts and Photobiomodulation: Do All Life‐forms Respond to Light?
Authors: Hamblin Michael R. , Huang Ying‐Ying , Heiskanen Vladimir 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low‐level laser (light) therapy, was discovered over 50 years ago, but only recently has it been making progress toward wide acceptance. PBM originally used red and near‐infrared (NIR) lasers, but now other wavelengths and non‐coherent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are being explored. The almost complete lack of side effects makes the conduction of controlled clinical trials relatively easy. Laboratory research has mainly concentrated on mammalian cells (normal or cancer) in culture, and small rodents (mice and rats) as models of different diseases. A sizeable body of work was carried out in the 1970s and 1980s in Russia looking at various bacterial and fungal cells. The present review covers some of these studies and a recent number of papers that have applied PBM to so‐called “model organisms.” These models include flies (Drosophila), worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), fish (zebrafish) and caterpillars (Galleria). Much knowledge about the genomics and proteomics, and many reagents for these organisms already exist. They are inexpensive to work with and have lower regulatory barriers compared to vertebrate animals. Other researchers have studied different models (snails, sea urchins, Paramecium, toads, frogs and chickens). Plants may respond to NIR light differently from visible light (photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis) but PBM in plants has not been much studied. Veterinarians routinely use PBM to treat non‐mammalian patients. The conclusion is that red or NIR light does indeed have significant biologic effects conserved over many different kingdoms, and perhaps it is true that “all life‐forms respond to light.”
A Bioscreening Technique for Ultraviolet Irradiation Protective Natural Substances
Authors: Tienaho Jenni , Poikulainen Emmi , Sarjala Tytti , Muilu‐Mäkelä Riina , Santala Ville , Karp Matti 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUltraviolet radiation (UV‐R) causes genotoxic and aging effects on skin, and sunscreens are used to alleviate the damage. However, sunscreens contain synthetic shielding agents that can cause harmful effects in the environment. Nature‐derived substances may have potential as replacement materials for the harmful sunscreen chemicals. However, screening of a broad range of samples is tedious, and often requires a separate genotoxicity assessment. We describe a simple microplate technique for the screening of UV protective substances using a recombinant Escherichia coli biosensor. Both absorbance‐based and bioactivity‐based shields can be detected with simultaneous information about the sample genotoxicity. With this technique, a controversial sunscreen compound, oxybenzone offers physical or absorbance‐based shield but appears genotoxic at higher concentrations (3.3 mg/mL). We also demonstrate that pine needle extract (PiNe) shields the biosensor from UV‐R in a dose‐dependent manner without showing genotoxicity. The physical shield of 5 mg/mL PiNe was similar to that of one of the most common UV‐shielding compound TiO2 concentration 0.80 mg/mL. The bioactivity‐based shield of PiNe also reaches the extent of the physical shield with the highest concentration (3.3 mg/mL). We conclude that our technique is suitable in detecting the UV‐shielding potential of natural substances, and gives simultaneous information on genotoxicity.
Prevalence of edentulism among adults with intellectual disabilities: A narrative review informed by systematic review principles
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Nunn June , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThis review reports the prevalence of edentulism among adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) in the literature.MethodsA systematic search strategy led to the screening of 1,089 titles and abstracts from PubMed and six additional articles. Inclusion criteria were applied. An estimate of the prevalence of edentulism was calculated.ResultsNineteen studies (from 20 publications) met inclusion criteria: eighteen were cross‐sectional surveys. Sample sizes ranged from 50 to 9,620 (n = 23,853). Samples were heterogeneous, with four studies drawing from Special Olympics Special Smiles (n = 14,862); nine from institutions (n = 2,447); five from disability registers (n = 1,812) and one patient cohort (n = 4,732). By pooling the participants of all the studies reviewed, 6.6% of people with IDs were found to be edentulous. This is similar to the general population. This conceals the fact that the prevalence of edentulism varied greatly across studies (0–50%), by age and across sampling techniques adopted.ConclusionsMuch like for the general population, edentulism should be seen as a key measure of disease experience and management. Such focus is needed to reduce the prevalence of edentulism for people with IDs globally. This can only be measured by adopting representative samples, which include people with IDs.
Quality of life among people with psychiatric disabilities attending community‐based day centres or Clubhouses
Authors: Hultqvist Jenny , Markström Urban , Tjörnstrand Carina , Eklund Mona 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPeople with psychiatric disability have been found to have a poorer quality of life (QOL) compared to the general population, and QOL is an important outcome from psychosocial rehabilitation.AimsThis study aimed at comparing users of two approaches to psychosocial rehabilitation in Sweden, community‐based mental health day centres (DCs) and clubhouses, regarding QOL. A further aim was to investigate predictors of QOL.MethodsPeople regularly attending DCs (n = 128) or clubhouses (n = 57) completed questionnaires at baseline and a 9‐month follow‐up about socio‐demographics, QOL, self‐esteem, social network, satisfaction with daily occupations, satisfaction with services and the unit's organisation.ResultsQuality of life remained stable over time in both groups. QOL at follow‐up was associated with baseline self‐esteem, social network, satisfaction with daily occupations and QOL at baseline. The strongest indicator of a higher QOL at follow‐up was attending a clubhouse programme followed by having scored high on QOL at baseline.ConclusionBoth approaches were suited for supporting their users in maintaining QOL. Visiting clubhouses seems, however, advantageous for QOL in a longer‐term perspective. Although this study contributed some new knowledge, research should further address which circumstances are associated with maintaining stability in QOL.
“FIFA 11 for Health” for Europe in the Faroe Islands: Effects on health markers and physical fitness in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren
Authors: Skoradal M.‐B. , Purkhús E. , Steinholm H. , Olsen M. H. , Ørntoft C. , Larsen M. N. , Dvorak J. , Mohr M. , Krustrup P. 
Published: June 2018

We evaluated effects of the school‐based intervention “FIFA 11 for Health” for Europe on health and fitness profile in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old Faroese schoolchildren. 392 fifth‐grade children were randomized into a control group (CG: n = 100, 11.1 ± 0.3 years, 149.0 ± 6.7 cm, 42.4 ± 10.2 kg) and an intervention group (IG: n = 292, 11.1 ± 0.3 years, 150.6 ± 6.9 cm, 44.2 ± 9.4 kg). IG underwent an 11‐week intervention in which 2 weekly sessions of 45 minutes were included in the school curriculum focusing on health aspects, football skills, and 3v3 small‐sided games. CG continued with their regular activities. Body composition, blood pressure, and resting heart rate, as well as Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery children’s test (YYIR1C) performance, horizontal jumping ability and postural balance were assessed pre and post intervention. Systolic blood pressure decreased more (−2.8 ± 9.9 vs 2.9 ± 8.4 mm Hg, P < .05) in IG than in CG. Lean body mass (1.0 ± 1.7 vs 0.7 ± 1.6 kg), postural balance (0.3 ± 3.9 vs −1.2 ± 5.9 seconds) and horizontal jump performance (5 ± 9 vs ‐5 ± 10 cm) increased more (P < .05) in IG than in CG. YYIR1C performance improved in CG (17%, 625 ± 423 to 730 ± 565 m) and IG (18%, 689 ± 412 vs 813 ± 391 m), but without between‐group differences. A within‐group decrease from 23.1 ± 8.4 to 22.5 ± 8.3% (P < .05) was observed in body fat percentage in IG only. In conclusion, the “FIFA 11 for Health” for Europe program had beneficial effects on SBP, body composition, jump performance and postural balance in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old Faroese schoolchildren, supporting the notion that school‐based football interventions can facilitate health of children in a small‐scale society and serve as an early step in the prevention of non‐communicable diseases.
Incidence and risk factors for back pain in young floorball and basketball players: A Prospective study
Authors: Rossi M. K. , Pasanen K. , Heinonen A. , Myklebust G. , Kannus P. , Kujala U. M. , Tokola K. , Parkkari J. 
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of back pain in young basketball and floorball players under 21 years of age. The secondary aim was to examine risk factors especially for low back pain (LBP). Nine basketball and nine floorball teams (n = 396) participated in this prospective follow‐up study (2011‐2014). Young athletes (mean age 15.8 ± 1.9) performed physical tests and completed a questionnaire at baseline. The follow‐up lasted 1‐3 years per player. During the follow‐up, back pain reported by the players was registered on a weekly basis and verified by a study physician. The exposure time (AE) on team practices and games was recorded by the coach. Altogether back pain was reported 61 times by 51 players. The incidence of back pain was 87 per 1000 athlete‐years and 0.4 per 1000 hours of AE. Hamstrings, quadriceps and iliopsoas extensibility and general joint hypermobility were not associated with LBP. Furthermore, no association between LBP and leg extension strength or isometric hip abduction strength asymmetry was found in these young basketball and floorball players. In conclusion, back pain can lead to a considerable time‐loss from training and competition among young basketball and floorball players and the pain tends to reoccur. Lower extremity muscle extensibility, general joint hypermobility or investigated lower extremity strength measures were not associated with the risk of LBP.
Influence of averaging method on muscle deoxygenation interpretation during repeated‐sprint exercise
Authors: Rodriguez R. F. , Townsend N. E. , Aughey R. J. , Billaut F. 
Published: June 2018

Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a common tool used to study oxygen availability and utilization during repeated‐sprint exercise. However, there are inconsistent methods of smoothing and determining peaks and nadirs from the NIRS signal, which make interpretation and comparisons between studies difficult. To examine the effects of averaging method on deoxyhaemoglobin concentration ([HHb]) trends, nine males performed ten 10‐s sprints, with 30 seconds of recovery, and six analysis methods were used for determining peaks and nadirs in the [HHb] signal. First, means were calculated over predetermined windows in the last 5 and 2 seconds of each sprint and recovery period. Second, moving 5‐seconds and 2‐seconds averages were also applied, and peaks/nadirs were determined for each 40‐seconds sprint/recovery cycle. Third, a Butterworth filter was used to smooth the signal, and the resulting signal output was used to determine peaks and nadirs from predetermined time points and a rolling approach. Correlation and residual analysis showed that the Butterworth filter attenuated the “noise” in the signal, while maintaining the integrity of the raw data (r = .9892; mean standardized residual −9.71 × 103 ± 3.80). Means derived from predetermined windows, irrespective of length and data smoothing, underestimated the magnitude of peak and nadir [HHb] compared to a rolling mean approach. Consequently, sprint‐induced metabolic changes (inferred from Δ[HHb]) were underestimated. Based on these results, we suggest using a digital filter to smooth NIRS data, rather than an arithmetic mean, and a rolling approach to determine peaks and nadirs for accurate interpretation of muscle oxygenation trends.
Establishment of genetically encoded biosensors for cytosolic boric acid in plant cells
Authors: Fukuda Makiha , Wakuta Shinji , Kamiyo Jio , Fujiwara Toru , Takano Junpei 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYBoron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants. To maintain B concentration in tissues at appropriate levels, plants use boric acid channels belonging to the NIP subfamily of aquaporins and BOR borate exporters. To regulate B transport, these transporters exhibit different cell‐type specific expression, polar localization, and B‐dependent post‐transcriptional regulation. Here, we describe the development of genetically encoded biosensors for cytosolic boric acid to visualize the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of B in plant tissues. The biosensors were designed based on the function of the NIP5;1 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), which promotes mRNA degradation in response to an elevated cytosolic boric acid concentration. The signal intensities of the biosensor coupled with Venus fluorescent protein and a nuclear localization signal (uNIP5;1‐Venus) showed negative correlation with intracellular B concentrations in cultured tobacco BY‐2 cells. When expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, uNIP5;1‐Venus enabled the quantification of B distribution in roots at single‐cell resolution. In mature roots, cytosolic B levels in stele were maintained under low B supply, while those in epidermal, cortical, and endodermal cells were influenced by external B concentrations. Another biosensor coupled with a luciferase protein fused to a destabilization PEST sequence (uNIP5;1‐Luc) was used to visualize changes in cytosolic boric acid concentrations. Thus, uNIP5;1‐Venus/Luc enables visualization of B transport in various plant cells/tissues.
An ecophysiologically based mapping model identifies a major pleiotropic QTL for leaf growth trajectories of Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Wei Kun , Wang Jing , Sang Mengmeng , Zhang Shilong , Zhou Houchao , Jiang Libo , Clavijo Michelangeli Jose A. , Vallejos C. Eduardo , Wu Rongling 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCrop modeling, a widely used tool to predict plant growth and development in heterogeneous environments, has been increasingly integrated with genetic information to improve its predictability. This integration can also shed light on the mechanistic path that connects the genotype to a particular phenotype under specific environments. We implemented a bivariate statistical procedure to map and identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that can predict the form of plant growth by estimating cultivar‐specific growth parameters and incorporating these parameters into a mapping framework. The procedure enables the characterization of how QTLs act differently in response to developmental and environmental cues. We used this procedure to map growth parameters of leaf area and mass in a mapping population of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Different sets of QTLs are responsible for various aspects of growth, including the initiation time of growth, growth rate, inflection point and asymptotic growth. A major QTL of a large effect was identified to pleiotropically affect trait expression in distinct environments and different traits expressed on the same organism. The integration of crop models and QTL mapping through our statistical procedure provides a powerful means of building a more precise predictive model of genotype‐phenotype relationships for crops.