bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Профілактика та лікування реперфузійного пошкодження тканин при реконструкції артеріального русла аорто-стегно-підколінного сегмента в умовах хронічної критичної ішемії
Authors: Venher I. K. , Kolotilo O. B. , Kostiv S. Ya. , Vaida A. R. , Herasemuk N. I. 
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи: покращити результати реконструктивних операцій на аорті та магістральних артеріях в умовах хронічної критичної ішемії нижніх кінцівок.
Матеріали і методи. В роботу включено 56 пацієнтів з облітеруючими ураженнями аорти та артерій нижніх кінцівок із ІІ, ІІІА, ІІІВ, IV ст. хронічної артеріальної недостатності.
Для профілактики і лікування феноменів no-reflow і reflow-paradox на доопераційному періоді здійснювали комплекс запропонованих заходів.
Для діагностики характеру ураження артеріального русла й особливостей гемодинамічних порушень застосовували показники ультразвукової доплерографії, дуплексного сканування, рентгеноконтрастної цифрової ангіографії. Для одержання інформації про зміни капілярного кровотоку і артеріо-венулярного шунтування крові застосовували метод лазерної доплерівської флоурометрії.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. За об’ємом реваскуляризації аорто(клубово)-стегно-підколінного сегмента пацієнтів розділили на дві групи. Оперативне втручання в першій групі пацієнтів включало одномоментне аорто-біфеморальне алошунтування (14 спостережень) і однобічне аорто(клубово)-стегнове алошунтування (8 спостережень). Другу групу склали 34 пацієнти, у яких, крім атеросклеротичної оклюзії аорто(клубово)-стегнового, сегмента виявлено стенотично-оклюзивний процес стегно-підколінного сегмента. Динамічний ультразвуковий моніторинг стану гемодинаміки стегно-підколінного сегмента в післяопераційному періоді у хворих другої групи дозволив виявити зниження пікової систолічної швидкості та індексу резистентності, що було показанням до проведення додаткової реконструкції стегно-підколінного сегмента.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Near-Miss Violent Tornadoes in the United States
Authors: Hatzis Joshua J. , Koch Jennifer , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the hazards literature, a near-miss is defined as an event that had a nontrivial probability of causing loss of life or property but did not due to chance. Frequent near-misses can desensitize the public to tornado risk and reduce responses to warnings. Violent tornadoes rarely hit densely populated areas, but when they do they can cause substantial loss of life. It is unknown how frequently violent tornadoes narrowly miss a populated area. To address this question, this study looks at the spatial distribution of possible exposures of people to violent tornadoes in the United States. We collected and replicated tornado footprints for all reported U.S. violent tornadoes between 1995 and 2016, across a uniform circular grid, with a radius of 40 km and a resolution of 0.5 km, surrounding the centroid of the original footprint. We then estimated the number of people exposed to each tornado footprint using proportional allocation. We found that violent tornadoes tended to touch down in less populated areas with only 33.1% potentially impacting 5000 persons or more. Hits and near-misses were most common in the Southern Plains and Southeast United States with the highest risk in central Oklahoma and northern Alabama. Knowledge about the location of frequent near-misses can help emergency managers and risk communicators target communities that might be more vulnerable, due to an underestimation of tornado risk, for educational campaigns. By increasing educational efforts in these high-risk areas, it might be possible to improve local knowledge and reduce casualties when violent tornadoes do hit.
A Survey of the Needs of an Urban High School's Community
Authors: Solman Robert T. 
Published: November 2018

This project examined the needs of the community of a multicultural urban high school. A survey instrument was designed to find out what the school community thought of the school, and it was intended that the results be used to guide the school's future progress and enable it to increase its rate of student retention in Years 11 and 12. The questionnaire elicited responses to questions concerned with the things the school should do for the students, sought opinions on how the school should develop, and recorded information specific to teachers, parents and members of the local community, and present and past students. The return rates were generally good. The results of the survey are discussed under the headings of ‘Background Information from Respondents’ and ‘Areas of Community Concern’. An interesting background response was that 70% of present students stated that they wanted to complete Year 12, but only 21% of the past students said that they had stayed on until the end of this final year. The areas of community concern were divided into two categories. For the first, which comprised questions concerned with the responsibilities the school had towards its students, all school community groups recorded very strong support for what was described as basic literacy and numeracy, and for a practical application of the former. Also considered a high priority school task was sex and drug education. The questions in this category on which the school community groups differed generally showed the teachers to be less positive than the parents and students. A striking and important example of this was the teachers’ response to the matter of the school encouraging its students to remain after Year 10. Only 20% of them thought that this was an important or very important job of the school, compared with 66% of the rest of the school community. Consideration of these responses indicated that there was strong demand for the introduction of both a comprehensive literacy and numeracy program, and a sex and drug education program. The low level of teacher support for students staying at school after Year 10 was in sharp contradiction to the stated aims of the Participation and Equity Program, and it indicated a need to change this negative attitude if these aims were to be realized in this and similar schools. For the second category ‘How should your high school develop?’, all school community groups gave relatively strong support for more school-based career relevant courses. This indicated widespread community demand for the introduction of these courses, and their introduction might be expected to reduce the large gap between strong desire of students to complete Year 12 and the reality of a very low rate of retention.
The Politics of Regionalization in Victoria's Education Department, 1955 to 1979
Authors: Macpherson R. J. S. 
Published: November 2018

Recent ethnographic research (Macpherson, 1984) into the realities of three regional directorships in Victoria in the early 1980s stimulated this examination of the influence that politicians and leading educational administrators have had on regionalization policy in earlier decades. Data from that study consistently indicated that politico-historical forces explained much of what later emerged as ‘policy’. This paper begins with the bureaucratic and political machinations of the late 1950s and 1960s, concerned with regionalism, before relating the establishment and development of regional administration to wider Australian contexts and to assumptions and practices in the Education Department during that period. The descriptive treatment serves to emphasize the status of Victoria's regionalization policy in education between 1955 and 1979 as a political artefact that was largely and reluctantly negotiated among centrally located bureaucrats and politicians.
Temperature control of cryogenic wind tunnel with a modified L1 adaptive output feedback control
Authors: Zhu Rusong , Yin Guofu , Chen Zhenhua , Zhang Shuangxi , Guo Zili 
Published: November 2018

Background: Temperature is one of the main variables need to be regulated in cryogenic wind tunnel to realize the true flight Reynolds number. A new control methodology based on L1 output feedback adaptive control is deployed in the temperature control. Methods: This design is composed of three parts: linear quadratic Gaussian baseline control, L1 adaptive control and nonlinear feedforward control. A linear quadratic Gaussian controller is implemented as the baseline controller to provide the basic robustness of temperature control. A L1 output feedback adaptive controller with a modified piecewise constant adaptive law is deployed as an augmentation for the baseline controller to cancel the uncertainties within the actuator’s bandwidth. The modified adaptive law can guarantee better steady-state tracking performance compared with the standard adaptive law. A global nonlinear optimization process is carried out to obtain a suboptimal filter design for the L1 controller to maximize the performance index. The nonlinear feedforward control is to cancel the coupling effects in control of the tunnel. Results: With these design techniques, the augmented L1 adaptive controller improves the performance of the baseline controller in the presence of uncertainties of dynamics. The simulation results and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture. Conclusion: The modification of adaptive law plus the global nonlinear optimization of the filter in the L1 adaptive control architecture helps the controller achieve good control performance and acceptable robustness for the temperature control over a wide range of operations.
Non-invasive evaluation of a liver mass in a patient post splenectomy
Authors: Smolen Bella , Khoury Johad , Baruch Yaacov , Saadi Tarek 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Numerous conditions may cause liver lesions, solitary or multiple, benign or malignant. It can be crucial to establish the correct diagnosis. Splenosis is a rare condition that may result from the spillage of cells from the splenic pulp following abdominal trauma, accidental lesions to the spleen during operation or elective splenectomy. These splenic ‘implants’, which are often multiple, can be located anywhere in the peritoneal cavity, although they are most often found in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. They may be confused with neoplasms or endometriosis, and may rarely be the cause of small bowel obstruction. Case presentation A 35-year-old man presented with a hepatic mass, and malignancy was suspected. After extensive investigation, it was diagnosed as splenosis using Tc-99m-labelled heat-denaturated red blood cells scintigraphy, without the need for liver biopsy. We consider this the most effective method for diagnosing splenosis. Conclusion When splenosis is suspected, Tc-99m-labelled heat-denaturated red blood cells scintigraphy can be used to confirm the diagnosis, and may avoid invasive investigation.
Teaching Technical Writing to Non-Native Speakers of English
Authors: Parkin Ernest J. 
Published: November 2018

Teaching technical writing to non-native speakers of English is complicated by their special needs. Central to the discussion is the idea that expository writing ought to be a key element of any program purporting to teach English. The nature of proper preparatory training is discussed with specific reference to the language groups American trainers are likely to encounter working in the U.S. or abroad. The justification for specific practices is discussed and should enable instructors to develop further strategies for training. Once the preparatory work is completed, effective technical writing instruction for non-native trainees requires modification of a good program for native speakers. Training is most effective if material is presented in culturally familiar and intellectually compatible ways.
Effects of Capsular Reconstruction With an Iliotibial Band Allograft on Distractive Stability of the Hip Joint: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Fagotti Lorenzo , Kemler Bryson R. , Utsunomiya Hajime , Storaci Hunter W. , Krob Joseph J. , Brady Alex W. , Turnbull Travis Lee , Philippon Marc J. 
Published: November 2018

Background: The capsular ligaments and the labral suction seal cooperatively manage distractive stability of the hip. Capsular reconstruction using an iliotibial band (ITB) allograft aims to address capsular insufficiency and iatrogenic instability. However, the extent to which this procedure may restore hip distractive stability after a capsular defect is unknown. Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical effects of capsular reconstruction on distractive stability of the hip joint. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric hip specimens were dissected to the level of the capsule and axially distracted in 3 testing states: intact capsule, partial capsular defect, and capsular reconstruction with an ITB allograft. Each femur was compressed with 500 N of force and then distracted 6 mm relative to the neutral position at 0.5 mm/s. Distractive force was continuously recorded, and the first peak delineating 2 phases of hip distractive stability in the force-displacement curve was analyzed. Results: The median force at maximum distraction in the capsular reconstruction state (156 N) was significantly greater than that in the capsular defect state (89 N; P = .036) but not significantly different from that in the intact state (218 N; P = .054). Median values for distractive force at first peak (60 N, 72 N, and 61 N, respectively; P = .607), distraction at first peak (2.3 mm, 2.3 mm, and 2.5 mm, respectively; P = .846), and percentage decrease in distractive force (35%, 78%, and 63%, respectively; P = .072) after the first peak were not significantly different between the intact, defect, and reconstruction states. Conclusion: Capsular reconstruction with an ITB allograft significantly increased the force required to distract the hip compared with a capsular defect in a cadaveric model. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an initial peak distractive force and to propose 2 distinct phases of hip distractive stability. Clinical Relevance: The consequences of a capsular defect on distractive stability of the hip may be underappreciated among the orthopaedic community; with that said, capsular reconstruction using an ITB allograft provided significantly increased distractive stability and should be considered an effective treatment option for patients with symptomatic capsular deficiency.
Prognostic Factors for Functional Outcome After Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective Cohort Study With 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Jenssen Kjersti Kaul , Lundgreen Kirsten , Madsen Jan Erik , Kvakestad Rune , Dimmen Sigbjørn 
Published: November 2018

Background: Although shoulder function is reported to be generally good after rotator cuff repair, limited knowledge exists regarding which prognostic factors predict functional outcomes. Purpose: To identify pre- and perioperative predictors of functional outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A cohort of 733 consecutive patients treated with rotator cuff repair between 2010 and 2014 in a single orthopaedics unit was included. Data were collected prospectively and included pre- and perioperative variables. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to predict shoulder function at 2-year follow-up, as measured by the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC). Results: In total, 647 (88%) patients were followed for 25 ± 5 months (mean ± SD; range, 17-66 months). In the multivariable regression model, the adjusted R2 was 0.360, indicating that 36% of the variation in the WORC at final follow-up could be explained by this statistical model. The multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that the strongest positive independent predictors of shoulder function at 2 years were preoperative WORC and Constant-Murley score in the contralateral shoulder. The model also indicated that activities of daily living, age, subacromial decompression, and biceps surgery had independent positive associations with better shoulder function at 2 years. In addition, previous surgery in the ipsilateral or contralateral shoulder, smoking, partial rotator cuff repair, preoperative pain, and atrophy in the infraspinatus were all independent factors negatively associated with shoulder function after 2 years. The overall healing rate of complete repairs per magnetic resonance imaging was 80%. Conclusion: The most important finding of the present study was that the strongest prognostic factors for better WORC at 2-year follow-up were better preoperative WORC and Constant-Murley score in the contralateral shoulder. Although not all the prognostic factors identified in this study are modifiable, they can still be useful for guiding patients in shared decision making with the surgeon. This cohort study shows that if selection of patients is performed properly, it is possible to obtain a successful outcome.
Migrations Matrimoniales: Facteurs de Risque en Santé Mentale
Authors: Manço Altay , Tas Ertugrul 
Published: November 2018

Objectif : Cette contribution évalue les migrations matrimoniales en tant que facteurs de risque en santé mentale pour les personnes immigrées et leur entourage. Méthode : L’effet des migrations matrimoniales sur la santé mentale des personnes immigrées est approché grâce à l’analyse des données produites par une clinique psychologique située en Belgique. Entre 1997 et 2014, ce centre a accueilli un total de 3265 patients d’origine turque immigrés dans ce pays, dont 41% d’hommes et 59% de femmes. La moitié de ces personnes a migré à la suite d’un mariage. Résultats : L’étude montre une incidence prononcée des troubles psychosomatiques et de l’humeur chez les immigrées matrimoniales, alors que les immigrés matrimoniaux atteints de troubles anxieux ou de l’humeur le sont plus gravement. Cette question est peu élaborée dans la littérature bien qu’elle impacte le travail des spécialistes en santé mentale, ainsi que celui des acteurs de l’intégration. Conclusions : L’étude devrait être élargie vers d’autres communautés immigrées, dans d’autres pays récepteurs de migrants, notamment en Amérique du Nord. Les observations montrent l’importance de revoir les politiques migratoires et le droit du séjour en fonction des risques psychologiques pris par les migrants matrimoniaux, souvent dépendants de leur belle-famille pour leur subsistance dans le pays d’installation. Si ces personnes avaient d’autres voies d’accès au pays et un droit de séjour, même s’ils ne poursuivent pas leur mariage, cela diminuerait probablement le stress qu’ils vivent.
Intelligent machines, care work and the nature of practical reasoning
Authors: Robson Angus 
Published: November 2018

Background: The debate over the ethical implications of care robots has raised a range of concerns, including the possibility that such technologies could disrupt caregiving as a core human moral activity. At the same time, academics in information ethics have argued that we should extend our ideas of moral agency and rights to include intelligent machines. Research objectives: This article explores issues of the moral status and limitations of machines in the context of care. Design: A conceptual argument is developed, through a four-part scheme derived from the work of Alasdair MacIntyre. No empirical data are used. Ethical consideration: No primary data were gathered for this study. Secondary sources and authorship have been acknowledged throughout. Findings / discussion: Certain kinds of social experience, including the narrative unity of a life, and the giving and receiving of care, are essential for moral development. Machines, no matter how advanced, cannot participate in such experiences in key respects, and thus cannot develop as practical reasoners. Conclusion: It follows that they cannot be moral agents and that they cannot care. There are, it seems, no such things as care robots. In view of the institutional power of tech companies and commissioning bodies, care practitioners need to take more of a lead in developing new assistive technologies which are appropriate to their practice.
Palliative Care Consultation Trends Among Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Cancer in the United States, 2005 to 2014
Authors: Rubens Muni , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Saxena Anshul , Das Sankalp , Appunni Sandeep , Rana Sagar , Puebla Brittany , Suarez Deborah T. , Khawand-Azoulai Mariana , Medina Suleyki , Viamonte-Ros Ana 
Published: November 2018

Background: Although palliative care services are increasing in the United States, disparities exist in access and utilization. Hence, we explored these factors in hospitalized patients with advanced cancers using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of NIS data, 2005 to 2014, and included patients ≥18 years with advanced cancers with and without palliative care consultations. Both χ2 and independent t tests were used for categorical and continuous variables. Multivariate logistic regressions were used for identifying factors associated with palliative care consultations. Results: Palliative care consultations were recorded in 9.9% of 4 732 172 weighted advanced cancer hospitalizations and increased from 3.0% to 15.5% during 2005 to 2014 (relative increase, 172.2%, Ptrend < .01). Factors associated with higher palliative care consultations were increasing age, ≥80 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-1.56); black race (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14-1.28); private insurance coverage (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.18); West region (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01-1.33); large hospitals (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02-1.34); high income (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.08-1.17); do-not-resuscitate (dying patients) status (OR: 10.55; 95% CI: 10.14-10.99); and in-hospital radiotherapy (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.21). Palliative care consultations were lower in patients with chemotherapy (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60-0.84). Conclusion: Many demographic, socioeconomic, health-care, and geographic disparities were identified in palliative care consultations. Additionally, palliative care resources were underutilized by hospitalized patients with advanced cancers and commonly utilized by patients who are dying. Health-care providers and policy makers should focus on these disparities in order to improve palliative care use.
Incidence of osteonecrosis and insufficiency fracture of the hip and knee joints based on MRI in 300 renal transplant patients
Authors: Ohtsuru Tadahiko , Yamamoto Takuaki , Murata Yasuaki , Morita Yuji , Munakata Yutaro , Kato Yoshiharu , Okazaki Ken 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of necrosis and insufficiency fracture of the hip and knee using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in renal transplant patients. Methods: We examined 300 consecutive renal transplant patients using MRI of the hips and knees (T1-weighted coronal MRI) preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Oblique axial-plane T1-weighted MRI and short-tau inversion-recovery T2-weighted MRI were performed parallel to the femoral neck when distinguishing the osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) from subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) of the femoral head was difficult. Results: ONFH was observed in 3 hips (3 cases, 1.0%). Osteonecrosis of the knee was observed in 2 knees (1 case, 0.3%). SIF of the femoral head was observed in 5 hips (3 cases, 1.0%). Bilateral simultaneous onset of SIF of the femoral head was observed in 2 cases (0.7%). Insufficiency fracture of the knee was observed in 2 knees (1 case, 0.3%). Conclusions: When it was difficult to distinguish ONFH from SIF of the femoral head, oblique axial-plane T1-weighted MRI and the short-tau inversion-recovery T2-weighted MRI parallel to the femoral neck were useful to establish the correct diagnosis.