bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of karst groundwater runoff conditions based on statistics and reverse hydrogeochemical modeling methods
Authors: Hui Sun , Shuhong Mo , Jingyu Lyu , Siyu Yan , Honglan Peng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Karst groundwater is widely distributed in China, and karst water resources are the main source of water for human life, industry and agriculture. In order to scientifically understand and rationally exploit karst groundwater, it is necessary to analyze the runoff conditions of karst groundwater. This study comprehensively applied statistical methods, Shukalev classification, reverse hydrogeochemical modeling, and Kriging interpolation in ArcGIS to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and runoff conditions of the three karst groundwater runoff zones in the Fengfeng mining area. The results show that: (1) The hydrochemical type in the study area is mainly HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg type, and the eastern region changes greatly, while the western region changes little; (2) There are differences in the hydrogeochemical processes occurring in different runoff zones, and the groundwater flow field and geological structures play a significant controlling role in the hydrogeochemical reactions of the karst groundwater; (3) The runoff conditions derived from hydrogeochemical methods are consistent with existing geological data, indicating that this method is suitable for identifying groundwater runoff conditions. In this study, the hydrogeochemical reaction of karst groundwater in the flow process is quantitatively evaluated from the spatial point of view, and the runoff conditions of different runoff zones are analyzed, so as to provide new methods and new ideas for the determination of groundwater runoff conditions.
Multi-centered Pre-treatment CT Based Radiomics Features to Predict Locoregional Recurrence of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yu Nuo , Wang Peipei , Zuo Lijing , Cao Ying , Liu Wenyang , Deng Lei , Zhang Tao , Wang Wenqing , Wang Jianyang , Lv Jima , Xiao Zefen , Feng Qinfu , Zhou Zongmei , Bi Nan , Ge Xiaolin , Zhang Wencheng , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
We constructed a prediction model to predict 2-year locoregional recurrence based on the clinical features and radiomics features extracted from machine learning method using computed tomography (CT) before definite chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) in locally advanced esophageal cancer.
Patients and methods:
A total of 264 patients (156 in Beijing, 87 in Tianjin, and 21 in Jiangsu) were included in this study. All those locally advanced esophogeal cancer patients received definite radiotherapy, and were randomly divided into 5 subgroups with similar number and divided into training group and validation group by five cross-validation. The esophageal tumor and extratumoral esophagus were segmented to extract radiomics features from the gross tumor volume (GTV) drawn by radiation therapists before radiotherapy, and 6 clinical features associated with prognosis were added. T stage, N stage, M stage, total stage, GTV and GTVnd volume were included to construct a prediction model to predict the 2-year locoregional recurrence of patients after definitive radiotherapy.
Results
264 patients were enrolled from August 2012 to April 2018, with a median age of 62 years and 81% were males. The 2-year locoregional recurrence rate was 52.6%, and the 2-year overall survival rate was 45.6%. About 66% patients received concurrent chemotherapy. In total, we extracted 786 radiomics features from CT images and. the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was used to screen out the maximum 30 features. Finally the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method was used to construct the integrated prediction model combining radiomics and clinical features. In the 5 training groups for predicting locoregional recurrence, the mean value of C-index was 0.9841 (95%CI, 0.9809–0.9873), and in the 5 validation groups, the mean value was 0.744 (95%CI, 0.7437–0.7443).
Conclusion
The prediction model could predict 2-year locoregional recurrence after radiotherapy. It can provide a foundation for searching for suitable treatment strategy for patients receiving definitive radiotherapy and guiding subsequent consolidation therapy.
Microfluidic-assisted Biomineralization of Calcium Phosphate: Enhancing Particle Design for Medical and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Rodriguez Carol Yazbleydy Cárdenas , Shukla Nutan , Mukhanova Elizaveta , Chapek Sergei V. , Soldatov Alexander V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Calcium phosphate (CaP) polymorphs are non-toxic and biocompatible, making them intriguing for a variety of applications, including hard tissue regeneration, medicine delivery, and vaccine development. Investigating the mechanism of calcium phosphate nucleation and development is critical for understanding disorders caused by pathological mineralization and developing biomimetic materials with suitable properties. The current CaP in situ/batch biomineralization process follows the crystal-formation route of pre-nucleation cluster aggregation of particles larger than 500 microns. However, due to their large size, current synthesis methods may have limited efficiency, scalability, and particle uniformity. The development of new technologies for producing nano- and microparticles in biomedicine is interesting for various reasons. In this context, a microfluidic-based biomineralization technology is developed, with distinct microfluidic parameters altered, and the chip architecture allows for fine manipulation of the reaction parameters. The obtained reaction conditions yielded a 20-100-micron crystal. Furthermore, this approach enables the straightforward encapsulation of two different model dyes: methylene blue (MB) and rose Bengal (RB). The proposed microfluidic-aided synthesis technique provides a viable route for future study in particle production and medicine delivery systems.
Xizi 3: a new rice variety with stable low-cadmium-accumulation characteristics
Authors: wang tiankang , Fu Yuefeng , song shufeng , li yixing , yang hanshu , bai lianyang , li li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study pioneered the identification method of cadmium accumulation in rice grains of sterile rice lines, took the lead in discovering important rice resources of low cadmium accumulation Luohong 3A and Luohong 4A, established the precise design breeding technology system of low cadmium accumulation in rice, and developed the first rice variety of low cadmium accumulation approved by the state "Xizi 3", which is of great significance for solving the problem of excessive cadmium in rice in southern China. It was selected as the major leading agricultural technology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2024 and the major new scientific and technological achievements of China's agriculture and rural areas.
Effects of nonionic surfactants on life history traits of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: RICHARD Chloé M. C. , RENAULT David , WALLART Violette , DENIS Béatrice , TARAPACKI Pénélope , MARION-POLL Frédéric , COLINET Hervé 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Surfactants are used for a variety of applications as emulsifiers, solubilizers, or foaming agents. Their intensive production and use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or agricultural products have resulted in their continuous discharge in the environment, especially via wastewaters. Surfactants have become a threat to living organisms, as they interact with, and disrupt, cell membranes and macromolecules. Their effects have mainly been studied in aquatic species; however, terrestrial organisms are also threatened by these emerging contaminants. In this context, this study investigates the effects of two widely used nonionic surfactants, Tween-20 and Triton X-100 on key traits of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We assessed the toxicity of the two surfactants on viability, development time, body size and food intake of the flies. The results revealed that both surfactants induced toxic effects on the drosophila flies leading to decreased viability, delayed development and lowered food consumption at the highest tested concentrations. For all traits tested, Triton X-100 appeared more toxic than Tween-20. Both surfactants proved to be toxic to flies, and these results might extend to other invertebrates. The widespread use of these substances, which then end up in the environment, should be regulated to mitigate their impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
An LLM-guided Platform for Multi-Granular Collection and Management of Data Provenance
Authors: Lauro Luca , Lazzaro Pasquale Leonardo , Lazzaro Marialaura , Missier Paolo , Torlone Riccardo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

As machine learning and AI systems become more prevalent, understanding how their decisions are made is key to maintaining their trust. To solve this problem, it is widely accepted that fundamental support can be provided by the knowledge of how data are altered in the pre-processing phase, using data provenance to track such changes. This paper focuses on the design and development of a system for collecting, managing, and querying data provenance of data preparation pipelines in data science. An investigation of publicly available machine learning pipelines is conducted to identify the most important features required for the tool to achieve impact on a broad selection of pre-processing data manipulation. Building on this study, we present an approach for transparently collecting data provenance based on the use of an LLM to: (i) automatically rewrite user-defined pipelines in a format suitable for this activity and (ii) store an accurate description of all the activities involved in the input pipelines for supporting the explanation of each of them. We then illustrate and test implementation choices aimed at supporting the provenance capture for data preparation pipelines efficiently in a transparent way for data scientists.
Dentists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antithrombotic Drugs: Pre-Post Test Study
Authors: yürük fatıma ulya , Tezcan Songül , Cengiz Ayşenur , Sancar Mesut 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Dentists frequently encounter patients taking antithrombotic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of training by a clinical pharmacist on dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antithrombotic drugs.
Method
This pre-post test study was conducted in Oral and Dental Health Centers (Istanbul/Turkey). A self-structured questionnaire consisting of 49 questions prepared by the researchers was used. This questionnaire was administered twice in a face-to-face setting, before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the 45-minute training given by the clinical pharmacist.
Results
The median age of 238 dentists was 37.9 (27-58) years and 76% were female. The participants' knowledge of antithrombotic drugs was low (13.2%) but increased significantly after the training (91.7%) and Cronbach alpha value of this section was found to be 0.684. Before the training, only 13.2% of the participants believed that aspirin treatment should not be stopped before dental procedures. After the training, this percentage increased significantly to 89.3%. Similarly, the number of participants who correctly answered the question "Should warfarin be stopped before dental treatment?" also increased significantly from 13.2% before the training to 55.6% after the training (p <0.05).
Conclusion
The data obtained in our study showed that dentists' knowledge and attitudes toward antithrombotic drugs improved significantly after receiving training from the clinical pharmacist.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention as a Preventative Approach for Elderly Individuals at Risk of Depression and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garg Rachna , Awasthi Shubhagata , Gupta Naveen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Mental health challenges, particularly depression and anxiety, are increasingly prevalent among the elderly, highlighting a need for preventative strategies. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (MBCBI) combines mindfulness techniques with cognitive restructuring to enhance emotional regulation and resilience in older adults. This pilot study examines the efficacy of MBCBI in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, with an emphasis on its potential as a preventative mental health approach for at-risk elderly individuals.
Method:
This study utilized a mixed-method approach with elderly participants aged 60–75 years who presented mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants underwent a 10-week MBCBI program, involving weekly 90-minute sessions focused on mindfulness practices and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Quantitative data were collected using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a Resilience Scale, while qualitative insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews.
Results:
The MBCBI program demonstrated significant reductions in participants’ depression and anxiety levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, resilience scores improved, and participants reported enhanced emotional regulation and a stronger sense of social connection and self-awareness.
Conclusion:
Findings from this pilot study suggest that MBCBI is an effective preventative intervention for elderly individuals at risk of mental health issues, particularly depression and anxiety. MBCBI’s integration of mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral elements offers a promising approach to strengthening resilience and reducing psychological distress among aging populations. Further research with larger, diverse samples is recommended to confirm and generalize these results.
Over a decade of HIV infection prevalence and incidence among Mozambican pregnant women: a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data
Authors: Mendes-Muxlhanga Anete , Nhacolo Arsénio , Figueroa-Romero Antia , Mazuze Maura , Mayor Alfredo , Vala Anifa , Sevene Esperança , Couto Aleny , Eliseu Namita , Quintó Llorenç , Matabisso Gloria , Macete Eusebio , Vaz Paula , Alonso Pedro , Menendez Clara , González Raquel , Nhampossa Tacilta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Monitoring HIV infection estimates is critical to guide health interventions and assess their impact, especially in highly vulnerable groups to the infection such as African pregnant women. This study describes the trends of HIV infection over eleven years in women attending selected antenatal care (ANC) clinics from southern Mozambique.
Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data registered at the ANC clinic of the Manhiça District Hospital and from the Ministry of Health's HIV National ProgramRegistry between 2010 and 2021. HIV incidence was calculated using prevalence estimates. HIV incidence trends over time were obtained by fitting splines regression model.
Results: Data from 21810 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Overall HIV prevalence was 29.3% (95% CI: 28.7-29.9), with a reduction from 28.2% (95% CI: 25.6-30.8)in 2010 to 21.7% (95% CI: 19.8-23.6)in 2021, except for a peak in prevalence (35.3%, 95% CI: 30.1-40.8)in 2016. Over the study period, by maternal age group, the largest reduction in HIV prevalence was in the 15-20 year-old group [62% reduction, from 14.3% (95% CI 10.8-18.4)to 5.3% (95% CI: 3.6-7.5)], followed by the 20-25 year old group [43% reduction, from 29.0% (95% CI: 24.2-34.5)to 16.6% (95% CI: 13.6-19.8)]and the 25-30 year old group [13% reduction, from 36.9% (95% CI: 31.0-43.1)to 32.0% (95% CI: 27.3-37.0)](p<0.001). Incidence of HIV infection increased from 12.75 per 100 person-years in 2010 to 18.65 per 100 person-years in 2018, and then decreased to 11.48 per 100 person-years in 2021.
Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV decreased while the overall incidence stayed similar over time in Mozambican pregnant women. However, both estimates remain unacceptably high, which indicates the need to revise current preventive policies and implement effective ones to improve HIV control among the most vulnerable groups.
Elevated Urinary Trace Elements Associated with Increased Osteoporosis Risk and Mixed Arthritis Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence from a Shenzhen(China) Cohort Study
Authors: Ye Mingqi , Lin Haofeng , Chen Mei , Zhou Tao , Zhang Duo , Liu Peiyi , Luo Yi , Lu Shaoyou , Liu Jianjun , Huang Zhenlie , Ren Xiaohu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:The disruption of balanced bone remodeling in postmenopausal women leads to a higher risk of osteoporosis and arthritis. Despite existing evidence linking trace elements to these conditions, the association between urinary trace elements and osteoporosis or arthritis, with consideration of menopausal history, has not been thoroughly investigated.
Methods:In this study, health data from 3,667 postmenopausal women, selected from 9,441 participants in the Shenzhen Age-related Disease Cohort (2017–2018), were analyzed. Urine samples were collected to measure concentrations of 21 trace elements. Osteoporosis cases were identified through bone mineral density (BMD) scans, while arthritis cases were self-reported during structured surveys. The analysis adjusted for various confounders, and statistical models were employed to explore associations between trace element levels and disease risk.
Results:The study found that higher urinary excretion of essential trace elements—chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co)—was positively associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Additionally, a quartile increase in a mixture of trace elements likely essential for bone health, particularly vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn), was linked to a 13% higher osteoporosis risk, with vanadium being a primary contributor. No significant association was found between trace element mixtures and arthritis risk, although single-element analysis suggested potential risk factors: higher excretion of molybdenum (Mo) was associated with a lower arthritis risk, while increased excretion of vanadium (V) and manganese (Mn) was linked to a higher arthritis risk.
Conclusions: This study suggests that urinary levels of certain essential and likely essential trace elements may play a role in osteoporosis risk among postmenopausal women, with vanadium showing a particularly strong association. Further research is recommended to clarify the mechanisms by which trace elements influence bone health and to evaluate possible preventive strategies for osteoporosis in this population.
Antitumoral potency of isorhamnetin and its derivates carbohydrate in methanol extract from Nitraria retusa leaves
Authors: Boubaker Jihed , Lahmar Aida , Toumia Imène Ben , Ghedira Kamel , Chekir-Ghedira Leila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Nitraria retusa is a traditional Tunisian herb that has been widely used in folk medicine for its great remedies. In this study, we evaluated the antitumoral potency of methanol extract from leaves of Nitraria retusa, (Nr-MeOH) via its major compounds isorhamnetin and its carbohydrate derivatives against human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6), breast cancer murine cells (4T1), and in tumor-bearing mice.
Methods
The Nr-MeOH was analysed by LC-MSn to determine the major compounds. The cell apoptotic mechanism was described using DNA fragmentation and double staining annexin/propidium iodide by flow cytometry. The PARP cleavage was investigated by Western blotting. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 4T1 cells, and then treated intra-peritoneally with the methanol extract for 21 days. The tumor growth was evaluated. Macrophage phagocytosis was assessed by measuring the lysosomal activity and the nitric oxide production.
Results
Our investigation showed that the Nr-MeOH contains various flavonoids, quercetin, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin glucuronide, and isorhamnetin. These compounds were found to induce apoptosis in the cancer cell line tested and to reduce tumor growth rates in induced 4T1-bearing tumor mice.
Conclusion
The results of this work suggest that Nitraria retusa could be a substitute for wild resource as an anticancer therapy.
Epigenetic array data from the Northern Ireland COhort for the Longitudinal study of Ageing (NICOLA)
Authors: Smyth Laura Jane , Hill Claire , Potter Claire , Young Ian , McGuinness Bernadette , Kee Frank , McKnight Amy Jayne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The Northern Ireland COhort for the Longitudinal study of Ageing (NICOLA) is Northern Ireland’s largest national population cohort collecting longitudinal data from a representative sample of older people. NICOLA’s Wave 1 includes 8,283 participants aged over 50 years, additionally recruiting 195 household partners living at the same address as primary participants. Baseline WAVE 1 data includes computer-assisted personal interviews, self-completed questionnaires and in-person health assessments to help researchers explore how social, economic, health, lifestyle, and biological factors influence healthy ageing. A subset of NICOLA (n=3,471 participants; 44%) participated in a health assessment at baseline that included collection of blood samples for molecular analysis.
Objectives:
To generate epigenetic data that will help explain how people’s social, economic, health, lifestyle, environmental, and biochemical stressors change a person’s underlying biology to influence their risk of disease across the life course.
Data description:
All data is derived from peripheral blood samples. Epigenetic data was generated using the Infinium MethylationEPIC v1.0 BeadChip array (Illumina, USA) and is available for 1,976 NICOLA participants during Wave 1, of which 1,870 samples passed quality control, generating single site resolution data for DNA methylation at 862,927 sites.
AstroMLab 3: Achieving GPT-4o Level Performance in Astronomy with a Specialized 8B-Parameter Large Language Model
Authors: de Haan Tijmen , Ting Yuan-Sen , Ghosal Tirthankar , Nguyen Tuan Dung , Accomazzi Alberto , Wells Azton , Ramachandra Nesar , Pan Rui , Sun Zechang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

AstroSage-Llama-3.1-8B is a domain-specialized natural-language AI assistant tailored for research in astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology. Trained on the complete collection of astronomy-related arXiv papers from 2007-2024 along with millions of synthetically-generated question-answer pairs and other astronomical literature, AstroSage-Llama-3.1-8B demonstrates remarkable proficiency on a wide range of questions. AstroSage-Llama-3.1-8B scores 80.9% on the AstroMLab-1 benchmark, greatly outperforming all models—proprietary and open-weight—in the 8-billion parameter class, and performing on par with GPT-4o. This achievement demonstrates the potential of domain specialization in AI, suggesting that focused training can yield capabilities exceeding those of much larger, general-purpose models. AstroSage-Llama-3.1-8B is freely available, enabling widespread access to advanced AI capabilities for astronomical education and research.