bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate rather than dung resources predict dung beetle abundance and diversity along elevational and land use gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro
Authors: Gebert Friederike , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Moretto Philippe , Peters Marcell K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimWhile elevational gradients in species richness constitute some of the best depicted patterns in ecology, there is a large uncertainty concerning the role of food resource availability for the establishment of diversity gradients in insects. Here, we analysed the importance of climate, area, land use and food resources for determining diversity gradients of dung beetles along extensive elevation and land use gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.LocationMt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.TaxonScarabaeidae (Coleoptera).MethodsDung beetles were recorded with baited pitfall traps at 66 study plots along a 3.6 km elevational gradient. In order to quantify food resources for the dung beetle community in form of mammal defecation rates, we assessed mammalian diversity and biomass with camera traps. Using a multi‐model inference framework and path analysis, we tested the direct and indirect links between climate, area, land use and mammal defecation rates on the species richness and abundance of dung beetles.ResultsWe found that the species richness of dung beetles declined exponentially with increasing elevation. Human land use diminished the species richness of functional groups exhibiting complex behaviour but did not have a significant influence on total species richness. Path analysis suggested that climate, in particular temperature and to a lesser degree precipitation, were the most important predictors of dung beetle species richness while mammal defecation rate was not supported as a predictor variable.Main conclusionsAlong broad climatic gradients, dung beetle diversity is mainly limited by climatic factors rather than by food resources. Our study points to a predominant role of temperature‐driven processes for the maintenance and origination of species diversity of ectothermic organisms, which will consequently be subject to ongoing climatic changes.
Multiple colonizations of the Pacific by Peperomia (Piperaceae): Complex patterns of long‐distance dispersal and parallel radiations on the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Lim Jun Y. , Marshall Charles R. , Zimmer Elizabeth A. , Wagner Warren L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimOur understanding of the biogeographical history of the flora of the Pacific is hampered by limited geographical sampling, and the evolutionary history for many species‐rich lineages in the Pacific remain poorly known. Here, we examine the spatial and temporal context of the evolutionary history of Peperomia (Piperaceae) in the Pacific, where it is one of the largest angiosperm groups (c. 100 species) and a ubiquitous part of wet forests. We focus on the native taxa on the Hawaiian Islands (25 species) where they represent a hotspot of diversity for the genus in the Pacific.LocationIslands of the Pacific, with focus on the Hawaiian Islands.TaxonPeperomia (Piperaceae).MethodsPhylogenetic analyses of Pacific taxa were performed using full chloroplast genomes for 115 accessions of Peperomia, including 42 Pacific species (∼40% of the diversity in the Pacific). To examine the timing of colonization and diversification of Peperomia in the Pacific, we implemented a Bayesian relaxed‐clock model for the Piperales, using multiple fossils in a fossilized‐birth death framework.ResultsThe Hawaiian Islands (and the Pacific) have been colonized by four separate Peperomia lineages originating from the Neotropics. Endemic Hawaiian taxa are derived from independent radiations from two different ancestors, and represent the first documented case of multiple radiations among species‐rich plant groups on the Hawaiian Islands. While extant Peperomia originated in the Eocene (∼54.2 million years old, Ma), most lineages in the Pacific are young and originated in the Pliocene (5.33–2.58 Ma), consistent with the ages of the major islands in the Pacific.Main conclusionsThe multiple colonizations and radiations of Peperomia in the Pacific attest to the efficacy of their epizoochorous mode of dispersal. The diversification of two clades in parallel on the Hawaiian Islands suggests that the effect of niche‐preemption from the earlier‐arriving clade on the diversification of the later‐arriving lineage has been weak. Ecological release due to the paucity of large native vertebrate herbivores and the relatively open understoreys of Hawaiian wet forests may have allowed both lineages to flourish, and suggests a context‐dependent role of niche‐preemption in the assembly of oceanic island biotas.
Temporal sampling and abundance measurement influences support for occupancy–abundance relationships
Authors: Dallas Tad A. , Pöyry Juha , Leinonen Reima , Ovaskainen Otso 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimSpecies occupying a greater fraction of habitat patches tend to also be more locally abundant. The relationship between the fraction of occupied habitat patches and mean abundance (i.e. occupancy–abundance relationships) are a common macroecological observation, though they are far from ubiquitous. The aim of this work was to examine occupancy–abundance relationships in a large set of Finnish moth species, and determine the sensitivity of the strength and sign of these relationships to abundance estimation approach and temporal sampling scale.LocationFinland.TaxaLepidoptera.MethodsUsing data on Finnish moth communities sampled over a period of 20 years, we examine species occupancy (fraction of sampled patches that were occupied) and mean abundance over time. We examine both intraspecific—the scaling of occupancy and local mean abundance for a single species—and interspecific—the scaling of occupancy and total mean abundance combining occupancy–abundance relationships for all species.ResultsWe found evidence for both intraspecific and interspecific occupancy–abundance relationships, dependent on the temporal sampling scale and how species abundance was estimated. The effect of seasonality on moth population dynamics was evident in the occupancy–abundance relationships, where finer temporal scales lead to ‘stronger’ relationships.Main conclusionsTogether, we provide support for both intraspecific and interspecific occupancy–abundance relationships for a large set of Finnish moth species, but demonstrate sensitivity of support as a function of temporal sampling scale and abundance measurement.
E2‐mediated EMT by activation of β‐catenin/Snail signalling during the development of ovarian endometriosis
Authors: Xiong Wenqian , Zhang Ling , Liu Hengwei , Li Na , Du Yu , He Haitang , Zhang Zhibing , Liu Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEndometriosis is an oestrogen‐dependent disease, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the process of endometriosis. Whether oestrogen could induce EMT in endometriosis remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that up‐regulated expression of EMT markers in ovarian chocolate cyst is accompanied by high expression 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β‐HSD1), and exposure of primary human endometrial epithelial cells to oestradiol conditions could promote EMT occurrence and activate both β‐catenin and Snail signalling. Furthermore, we found nuclear β‐catenin and Snail expression was closely linked in ovarian endometriosis, and β‐catenin knockdown abrogated oestrogen‐induced Snail mediated EMT in vitro. This is due to that β‐catenin/ TCF‐3 could bind to Snail promoter and activate its transcription. These results suggested that β‐catenin signalling functions as the Snail activator and plays a critical role in oestradiol‐induced EMT in endometriosis.
The effects of bioavailable gluconate chelated stannous fluoride dentifrice on gingival bleeding: Meta‐analysis of eighteen randomized controlled trials
Authors: Biesbrock Aaron , He Tao , DiGennaro Joe , Zou Yuanshu , Ramsey Dave , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo estimate gingivitis effects of a bioavailable gluconate chelated 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF2) family of dentifrices in adult subjects versus positive (triclosan) and negative (NaF or MFP) controls when used ≤3 months.Materials and methodsA meta‐analysis evaluated bioavailable gluconate chelated SnF2 dentifrices versus a negative or positive control for gingival bleeding.ResultsIn 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 2,890 subjects assessing SnF2 paste versus a negative or positive control, the average number of bleeding sites was reduced by 51% and 31%, respectively. The average change (95% CI) in number of bleeding sites was −16.3 (−27.8, −4.9) versus the negative control and −3.6 (−5.4, −1.8) versus the positive control. Subjects with localized or generalized gingivitis had 3.7 times better odds (95% CI [2.8, 5.0]) of shifting to generally healthy using SnF2 versus a negative control and 2.8 times better odds (95% CI [2.1, 3.9]) of shifting to generally healthy using SnF2 versus a positive control. The individual study risk of bias was deemed to be low in all categories of bias.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis demonstrates significant gingivitis benefits of bioavailable SnF2 dentifrices when used ≤3 months versus positive (triclosan) and negative (NaF or MFP) controls.
Compliance with supportive periodontal/peri‐implant therapy: A systematic review
Authors: Amerio Ettore , Mainas Giuseppe , Petrova Dafina , Giner Tarrida Luis , Nart José , Monje Alberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe present systematic review aimed at assessing the degree of compliance with supportive periodontal/peri‐implant therapy as well as identifying patient‐related factors that could potentially play a role on patient compliance.MethodsElectronic and manual literature searches were carried out to assess patient compliance during maintenance. Main outcomes were compliance definition, degree of compliance and patient‐related factors. Owing to the heterogeneity of the data reported across the studies, descriptive statistics were performed to shed light on compliance rate and the patient‐related factors.ResultsA total of 39 articles were included. No consensus regarding the definition of “compliance” was found in the analysed literature. The percentage of fully compliers and non‐compliers ranged between 3.3%–86.8% and 1.69%–64.4%, respectively. Smoking habit and history of periodontal disease were found to be associated with patients’ compliance. Inadequate information/motivation was found as the main patient‐reported reason for non‐compliance.ConclusionsDespite the high variability across studies, compliance with the supportive periodontal/peri‐implant maintenance therapy was found to be unsatisfactory. Attitudes, psychological traits and construct associated with compliance remain largely unknown, and still, lack of information and motivation are paramount to be addressed during the periodontal/implant therapy to increase patient compliance.
Linkage between patients’ characteristics and prescribed systemic treatments for psoriasis: a semantic connectivity map analysis of the Swiss Dermatology Network for Targeted Therapies registry
Authors: Cazzaniga S. , Anzengruber F. , Augustin M. , Boehncke W.H. , Borradori L. , Conrad C. , Cozzio A. , Djamei V. , French L.E. , Gilliet M. , Häusermann P. , Heidemeyer K. , Itin P. , Kolios A.G.A. , Laffitte E. , Maul J.‐T. , Mainetti C. , Naldi L. , Navarini A.A. , Rustenbach S.J. , Simon D. , Sorbe C. , Streit M. , Yawalkar N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral treatment options are currently available for the treatment of psoriasis.ObjectiveTo explore the main associations between patients’ characteristics and systemic treatments prescribed for psoriasis in a large group of patients observed in real‐life clinical practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of baseline data collected within the Swiss Dermatology Network for Targeted Therapies registry in Switzerland between March 2011 and December 2017. Semantic map analysis was used in order to capture the best associations between variables taking into account other covariates in the system.ResultsA total of 549 patients (mean age 46.7 ± 14.7 years) were included in the analysis. Conventional therapies such as retinoids and methotrexate were associated with no previous systemic therapies for psoriasis, a moderate quality of life (QoL) at therapy onset and older age (≥60 years). Fumaric acid derivatives were associated with mild psoriasis (psoriasis area severity index < 10) and long disease duration (≥20 years). On the other side, cyclosporine and psoralen and ultraviolet A/ultraviolet B treatments were linked to a more severe condition, including impaired QoL, hospitalization and inability to work. Regarding biological therapies, both infliximab and adalimumab were connected to the presence of psoriatic arthritis, severe disease condition and other comorbidities, including chronic liver or kidney diseases and tuberculosis. Etanercept, ustekinumab and secukinumab were all connected to a complex history of previous systemic treatments for psoriasis, moderate disease condition, overweight and university education.ConclusionsThe analysis shows multifaceted associations between patients’ characteristics, comorbidities, disease severity and systemic treatments prescribed for psoriasis. In particular, our semantic map indicates that comorbidities play a central role in decision‐making of systemic treatments usage for psoriasis. Future studies should further investigate specific connections emerging from our data.
Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis: an entity bridging monogenic and polygenic autoinflammatory disorders, and beyond
Authors: Gusdorf L. , Lipsker D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeutrophilic urticarial dermatosis (NUD) has been described in 2009. Clinically, it is an eruption of rose or red macules or slightly elevated plaques, vanishing within 24 h. It occurs mostly on the trunk and the limbs. Extracutaneous signs such as fever or joint pain can be associated. The histopathological findings are a dense perivascular and interstitial infiltrate of neutrophils with leucocytoclasia but without vasculitis. It is often associated with other systemic diseases such as Schnitzler syndrome, adult‐onset Still disease (AOSD), cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) and Lupus erythematosus (LE). The pathogenesis of NUD is not well established but its association with CAPS and AOSD suggests that NUD is linked to autoinflammation. The management of NUD depends on the clinical findings and the potential associated systemic condition. Neutrophil migration inhibitors, such as dapsone or colchicine, and IL‐1 antagonists, in particular, anakinra, are the main therapeutic options for the treatment of NUD. The prognostic value of NUD, especially when occurring in the setting of LE is not known and needs to be further investigated.
Three New Freshwater Cochliopodium Species (Himatismenida, Amoebozoa) from the Southeastern United States
Authors: Melton James T. , Singla Mandakini , Wood Fiona C. , Collins Shawndasia J. , Tekle Yonas I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCochliopodium is a lens‐shaped genus of Amoebozoa characterized by a flexible layer of microscopic dorsal scales. Recent taxonomic and molecular studies reported cryptic diversity in this group and suggested that the often‐used scale morphology is not a reliable character for species delineation in the genus. Here, we described three freshwater Cochliopodium spp. from the southeastern United States based on morphological, immunocytochemistry (ICC), and molecular data. A maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparison of COI sequences of Cochliopodium species showed that each of these monoclonal cultures were genetically distinct from each other and any described species with molecular data. Two of the new isolates, “crystal UK‐YT2” (Cochliopodium crystalli n. sp.) and “crystal‐like UK‐YT3” (C. jaguari n. sp.), formed a clade with C. larifeili, which all share a prominent microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and have cubical‐shaped crystals. The “Marrs Spring UK‐YT4” isolate, C. marrii n. sp., was 100% identical to “Cochliopodium sp. SG‐2014 KJ569724.” These sequences formed a clade with C. actinophorum and C. arabianum. While the new isolates can be separated morphologically, most of the taxonomic features used in the group show plasticity; therefore, Cochliopodium species can only be reliably identified with the help of molecular data.
Molecular Phylogenetic Position of Hoplonympha natator (Trichonymphea, Parabasalia): Horizontal Symbiont Transfer or Differential Loss?
Authors: Mee Evan D. , Gaylor Maya G. , Jasso‐Selles Daniel E. , Mizumoto Nobuaki , Gile Gillian H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHoplonympha natator is an obligate symbiont of Paraneotermes simplicicornis (Kalotermitidae), from southwestern North America. Another Hoplonympha species inhabits Hodotermopsis sjostedti (Archotermopsidae), from montane Southeast Asia. The large phylogenetic and geographical distance between the hosts makes the distribution of Hoplonympha puzzling. Here, we report the phylogenetic position of H. natator from P. simplicicornis through maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of 18S rRNA genes. The two Hoplonympha species form a clade with a deep node, making a recent symbiont transfer unlikely. The distribution of Hoplonympha may be due to an ancient transfer or strict vertical inheritance with differential loss from other hosts.
Modulation of hippocampal neuronal resilience during aging by the Hsp70/Hsp90 co‐chaperone STI1
Authors: Lackie Rachel E. , Razzaq Abdul R. , Farhan Sali M. K. , Qiu Lily R. , Moshitzky Gilli , Beraldo Flavio H. , Lopes Marilene H. , Maciejewski Andrzej , Gros Robert , Fan Jue , Choy Wing‐Yiu , Greenberg David S. , Martins Vilma R. , Duennwald Martin L. , Lerch Jason P. , Soreq Hermona , Prado Vania F. , Prado Marco A. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChaperone networks are dysregulated with aging, but whether compromised Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone function disturbs neuronal resilience is unknown. Stress‐inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STI1; STIP1; HOP) is a co‐chaperone that simultaneously interacts with Hsp70 and Hsp90, but whose function in vivo remains poorly understood. We combined in‐depth analysis of chaperone genes in human datasets, analysis of a neuronal cell line lacking STI1 and of a mouse line with a hypomorphic Stip1 allele to investigate the requirement for STI1 in aging. Our experiments revealed that dysfunctional STI1 activity compromised Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone network and neuronal resilience. The levels of a set of Hsp90 co‐chaperones and client proteins were selectively affected by reduced levels of STI1, suggesting that their stability depends on functional Hsp70/Hsp90 machinery. Analysis of human databases revealed a subset of co‐chaperones, including STI1, whose loss of function is incompatible with life in mammals, albeit they are not essential in yeast. Importantly, mice expressing a hypomorphic STI1 allele presented spontaneous age‐dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration and reduced hippocampal volume, with consequent spatial memory deficit. We suggest that impaired STI1 function compromises Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone activity in mammals and can by itself cause age‐dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration in mice.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14749.
Connections Between Benthic Populations and Local Strandings of the Southern Bull Kelp Durvillaea Antarctica Along the Continental Coast of Chile1
Authors: Schreiber Lennart , López Boris A. , Rivadeneira Marcelo M. , Thiel Martin 
Published: September 2019

Floating seaweeds are important dispersal vectors in marine ecosystems. However, the relationship between benthic populations and stranded seaweeds has received little attention. After detachment, a fraction of floating specimens returns to the shore, resulting in strandings that fluctuate in space and time. It has been hypothesized that the availability of stranded seaweeds is related to their benthic abundance on adjacent coasts. Using the large fucoid Durvillaea antarctica, we tested whether stranded biomasses are higher at sites with dense adjacent benthic populations. Benthic abundance of D. antarctica along the continental coast of Chile was estimated using three approximations: (i) availability of potentially suitable habitat (PSH), (ii) categorical visual abundance estimates in the field, and (iii) abundance measurements in the intertidal zone. Higher PSH for D. antarctica was observed between 31° S–32° S and 40° S–42° S than between 33° S and 39° S. Lowest benthic biomasses were estimated for the northern latitudes (31° S–32° S). Regression models showed that the association between stranded biomass and PSH was highest when only the extent of rocky shore 10 km to the south of each beach was included, suggesting relatively short‐distance dispersal and asymmetrical transport of floating kelps, which is further supported by low proportions of rafts with Lepas spp. (indicator of rafting). The results indicate that stranded biomasses are mostly subsidized by nearby benthic populations, which can partly explain the low genetic connectivity among populations in the study region. Future studies should also incorporate other local factors (e.g., winds, currents, wave‐exposure) that influence stranding dynamics.
Predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen loss, relapse and retreatment after discontinuation of effective oral antiviral therapy in noncirrhotic HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Papatheodoridi Margarita , Hadziyannis Emilia , Berby Françoise , Zachou Kalliopi , Testoni Barbara , Rigopoulou Eirini , Gatselis Nikolaos K. , Lyberopoulou Aggeliki , Vlachogiannakos Ioannis , Manolakopoulos Spilios , Dalekos George N. , Zoulim Fabien , Papatheodoridis George V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReliable predictors of outcomes after treatment discontinuation in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have not been established. We investigated the role of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), interferon‐inducible protein‐10 (IP10) and hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) serum levels as predictors of HBsAg loss, relapse and retreatment in noncirrhotic HBeAg‐negative CHB patients who discontinued long‐term antiviral therapy. All HBsAg‐positive (n = 57) patients of the prospective DARING‐B study were included and followed monthly for 3 months, every 2/3 months until month‐12 and every 3/6 months thereafter. HBsAg, IP10 and HBcrAg levels were measured by enzyme immunoassays, and SCALE‐B score was calculated. Twelve patients achieved HBsAg loss before retreatment with 18‐month cumulative incidence of 25%. Independent predictors of HBsAg loss were baseline HBsAg and month‐1 IP10 levels. Of 10 patients with baseline HBsAg ≤100 IU/mL, 70% cleared HBsAg and 10% required retreatment. Of 23 patients with baseline HBsAg >1000 IU/mL, 4% cleared HBsAg and 43% required retreatment. Of 24 patients with intermediate baseline HBsAg (100‐1000 IU/mL), 17% cleared HBsAg and 21% required retreatment; in this subgroup, month‐1 IP10 was significantly associated with HBsAg loss, which occurred in 30% and 7% of cases with IP10 >150 and ≤150 pg/mL, respectively. Baseline HBcrAg was undetectable in all patients who cleared HBsAg and was associated with retreatment. SCALE‐B was associated with HBsAg loss but not with relapse or retreatment. In conclusion, HBsAg, IP10 and HBcrAg serum levels can be useful for the decisions and management of treatment discontinuation in noncirrhotic Caucasian patients with HBeAg‐negative CHB.