bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of central obesity with sex hormonebinding globulin: a cross-sectional study of 1166 Chinese men
Authors: Liu Fangwei , Shen Xubo , Wang Ruifeng , Yu Na , Shi Yongjun , Xiong Shimin , Xiong Chengliang , Zhou Yuanzhong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background Both sex hormone-binding globulin and central obesity have been found to be associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the direct relation between sex hormone-binding globulin and central obesity has not been demonstrated.
Methodology We performed a cross-sectional study of 1166 male participants from Zunyi, Guizhou, western China, in 2013. Each participant completed a questionnaire and had a brief clinical exam with a fasting blood sample taken. All blood samples underwent standard laboratory testing for sex hormone-binding globulin. Level of serum sex hormone-binding globulin was compared by demographic characteristics, and multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the independent association of variables and sex hormone-binding globulin level.
Results The mean serum level of sex hormone-binding globulin was increased in old-aged men (older than 40 years; mean 44.68±20.58 nmol/L), low diastolic blood pressure (<90mmHg; 43.76±20.50 nmol/L), waist-to-height ratio <0.5 (48.73±20.59 nmol/L), no education (52.36±22.91 nmol/L), farm occupation (43.58±20.60nmol/L), non-alcohol or former user (44.78±20.94 nmol/L) and long-term medication history (44.79±21.50 nmol/L). Factors independently associated with sex hormone binding globulin level on multiple regression were waist-to-height ratio (β=- 11.84 [95% confidence interval -13.96,-9.72]), age(β=12.40 [9.63,15.17]) and diastolic blood pressure (β=-5.07 [-7.44,-2.71]).
Conclusions Central obesity has an independent inverse relation with serum level of sex hormone binding globulin among western Chinese men
Transition metal-catalyzed dehydrogenation of amines
Authors: Broere Daniël L. J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This review focuses on the use of homogeneous transition metal complexes for the catalytic dehydrogenation of amines for synthetic purposes, and for hydrogen storage applications. The catalytic dehydrogenation of primary, secondary and cyclic amines is reviewed looking at reaction conditions, different catalysts and common side reactions. Recent developments in this active field of research showcase how cooperative ligands and photocatalysts can overcome the need for noble metals or harsh reaction conditions.
Prevention-intervention strategies to reduce exposure to e-waste
Authors: Heacock Michelle , Trottier Brittany , Adhikary Sharad , Asante Kwadwo Ansong , Basu Nil , Brune Marie-Noel , Caravanos Jack , Carpenter David , Cazabon Danielle , Chakraborty Paromita , Chen Aimin , Barriga Fernando Diaz , Ericson Bret , Fobil Julius , Haryanto Budi , Huo Xia , Joshi T.K. , Landrigan Philip , Lopez Adeline , Magalini Frederico , Navasumrit Panida , Pascale Antonio , Sambandam Sankar , Aslia Kamil Upik Sitti , Sly Leith , Sly Peter , Suk Ann , Suraweera Inoka , Tamin Ridwan , Vicario Elena , Suk William 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs one of the largest waste streams, electronic waste (e-waste) production continues to grow in response to global demand for consumer electronics. This waste is often shipped to developing countries where it is disassembled and recycled. In many cases, e-waste recycling activities are conducted in informal settings with very few controls or protections in place for workers. These activities involve exposure to hazardous substances such as cadmium, lead, and brominated flame retardants and are frequently performed by women and children. Although recycling practices and exposures vary by scale and geographic region, we present case studies of e-waste recycling scenarios and intervention approaches to reduce or prevent exposures to the hazardous substances in e-waste that may be broadly applicable to diverse situations. Drawing on parallels identified in these cases, we discuss the future prevention and intervention strategies that recognize the difficult economic realities of informal e-waste recycling.
An Association Mapping Framework To Account for Potential Sex Difference in Genetic Architectures
Authors: Kang Eun Yong , Lee Cue Hyunkyu , Furlotte Nicholas A , Joo Jong Wha J , Kostem Emrah , Zaitlen Noah , Eskin Eleazar , Han Buhm 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent genome-wide association studies suggest that the human genetic architecture of complex traits may vary between males and females; however, traditional approaches for association mapping cannot fully account for these between-sex differences...Over the past few years, genome-wide association studies have identified many trait-associated loci that have different effects on females and males, which increased attention to the genetic architecture differences between the sexes. The between-sex differences in genetic architectures can cause a variety of phenomena such as differences in the effect sizes at trait-associated loci, differences in the magnitudes of polygenic background effects, and differences in the phenotypic variances. However, current association testing approaches for dealing with sex, such as including sex as a covariate, cannot fully account for these phenomena and can be suboptimal in statistical power. We present a novel association mapping framework, MetaSex, that can comprehensively account for the genetic architecture differences between the sexes. Through simulations and applications to real data, we show that our framework has superior performance than previous approaches in association mapping.
ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUAL THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AFTER PULMONARY THROMBENDARTERECTOMY WITH THE DENERVATION SYSTEM SYMPLICITY
Authors: Rudenko B. A. , Feshchenko D. A. , Shanoian A. S. , Drapkina О. М. , Gavrilova N. Е. , Beregovskaya S. A. , Akhadova А. Sh. , Shukurov F. B. , Vlasov V. Yu. , Zhavoronkova E. A. , Boytsov S. A. , Dzemeshkevich S. L. , Koltunov A. N. , Edemsky A. G. 
Published: May 2018

Aim. To assess the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency denervation of pulmonary artery (PA) with the Simplicity system in patients with residual pulmonary hypertension (PH) after the thromberarterectomy surgery.Material and methods. To the study, 12 patients included, with the signs of residual PH (by echocardiography data, mean PH pressure ≥25 mmHg), who had undergone surgery (thrombendarcterectomy) for chronic thromboembolic PH. Mean time interval between the diagnosis of PH and pulmonary denervation was 8,5 years. After catheterization of the right chambers of the heart and tensiometry in small circle circulation, the spot circular radiofrequency denervation performed of the right and left PH at the area of ostia, with ablation catheter Simplicity. The success was defined by decrease of mean PA pressure >10 mmHg, absence of complications, exercise tolerance increase after the procedure immediately and in 12 months.Results. At long term period after the intervention there was significant decrease of mean PA pressure from 58±6 to 33±4 mmHg (p<0,01), of pulmonary vascular pressure from 8,6±2,1 to 3,2±1,4 mmHg (p<0,01) and increase of exercise tolerance from 321±19 m to 487±29 m (p<0,01). During the follow up period, 1 patient died in 8 months after inclusion due to severe gastrointestinal bleeding. The rest did not present with adverse events or non­planned hospitalizations. Nine patients noted significant improvement of general health, decrease of dyspnea and fatigue, 3 patients had discontinued sildenafil. There were no complications at PA radiofrequency ablation procedure (death, arrhythmias, PA perforation, acute PA thrombosis in the place of access, bleeding).Conclusion. Utilization of the Simplicity system in PA denervation is safe and effective. Further randomized studies in need to confirm clinical benefits from the procedures in PH patients.
Urbanisation in Developing Economies: building cities that work
Authors: Venables Anthony J 
Published: May 2018

This paper reviews recent work on the economics of fast growing developing country cities, with a focus on Africa. It sets out some of the broad facts about African urbanisation and summarises two recent pieces of research work. The first argues that coordination failure can create multiple equilibria and divergent paths of development, some in which cities are internationally competitive and able to create jobs, others in which cities are stuck in a ‘nono-tradables trap’. The second is a dynamic model of city growth, calibrated to changing patterns of land-use in Nairobi; the calibration suggests a very high cost of inefficient land use in the context of urban slums.
L’usage visionnaire de l’hypotypose dans les tragédies de Nicolas Caussin
Authors: Chikawa Tetsuo 
Published: May 2018

Il s’agira ici d’examiner la spécificité de l’hypotypose mise en œuvre dans les cinq tragédies latines de Nicolas Caussin, jésuite français du XVIIe siècle. Professeur de rhétorique, il rédigea un traité de rhétorique initulé Eloquentiae sacrae et humanae parallela, dans lequel il accorde une place importante aux techniques visuelles telles que l’hypotypose, selon le principe de la Compagnie de Jésus dont les activités d’enseignement faisaient appel à la puissance persuasive des images. Ainsi dans les tragédies de Caussin, l’hypotypose est privilégiée à tel point qu’elle sert à décrire ce qui se passera plus tard sur la scène, voire ce qui se produit dans le monde spirituel. L’hypotypose joue donc un rôle éducatif qui consiste à faire imaginer aux élèves l’au-delà de ce qui se donne à voir. Et c’est la vision christianisée du « théâtre du monde » qui fonde cet usage visionnaire de l’hypotypose : le théâtre représente de façon symbolique l’aveuglement des hommes qui ignorent être observés par Dieu.
Experimental Investigation of Propellant Fracturing in a Large Sandstone Block
Authors: Malhotra Sahil , Rijken Peggy , Sanchez Alicia 
Published: May 2018

SummaryPropellants have been used in oil and gas wells to assist with perforating and creating near-wellbore stimulation. Propellants are electrically ignited in the wellbore at the perforated interval. Upon ignition, they rapidly create a large amount of gas, and the pressurization leads to breakdown of the formation. It has been postulated that the pressurization leads to creation of multiple fractures in the formation. This paper describes an experimental study with a new propellant and aims to understand the pattern of fracture creation with these propellants. The results are also compared with an older generation of propellant tested by Wieland et al. (2006).A large-scale laboratory test was performed in a sandstone block (30×30×54 in.) with a 2-in.-diameter vertical centralized wellbore extending the full block height. The block was loaded in a polyaxial stress frame. A propellant cartridge was positioned in the center of the wellbore. Small holes were drilled in the rock to intersect the expected primary fracture and were instrumented with high-resolution pressure gauges to enable fracture-timing and -growth-rate analysis. Anisotropic stresses representative of field conditions were applied on the block, and the wellbore was pressurized before ignition.The propellant ignition produced an initial peak pressure of 5,790 psi in 1.4 ms followed by an oscillatory pattern of pressure increase to a maximum pressure of 6,660 psi before decaying because of fracture growth and gas leakoff. The block was removed from the test frame and cut vertically and horizontally to examine the fracture pattern generated by the propellant. A dominant planar fracture was observed on either side of the wellbore, which propagated in the direction perpendicular to the minimum-horizontal-stress direction. It was verified that the propellant had a much-higher burn rate than the propellant tested by Wieland et al. (2006).The large-scale block test provides critical insights and data that can serve as inputs to calibrate physics-based models for modeling propellant ignition and stimulation. The results help in understanding the benefits and limitations of using propellants for stimulation.
Providing Explicit Language Instruction to Assist Students’ Language Learning in EFL Classrooms
Authors: Sari Suci Noer Wulan 
Published: May 2018

In language teaching process, instruction becomes one of important things to provide in order to encourage students’ language learning. Since the late 1960s, one of the language instructions that has been available is explicit language instruction which is believed as one of useful tools for the teaching practice. Given that the present study tried to investigate how English lecturers provide explicit language instruction in EFL classrooms to assist their students’ language learning. To gain the data, a case study employing semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were conducted. Two English lecturers were purposively selected to be the participants of the study for their familiarity of the instruction. Based on the analysis, the study revealed some of the elements of explicit language instruction provided such as clearly stating the lesson’s objectives and teachers’ expectations, using language clearly and concisely, providing step-by-step demonstrations and adequate examples, guiding students through practices on language functions, monitoring student performance and responses by giving feedbacks, and encouraging students to organize knowledge. It can be concluded that explicit language instruction actually can be considered for classroom improvement. Future studies are suggested to investigate students’ voices of the implementation of the instruction that may actually help their lecturers better their teaching practices and favour their students’ learning outcomes.
Assessing statistical and spatial validity of sediment survey design and sampling densities: examples from Lake Erie
Authors: Mitchell Danielle E. , Forsythe K. Wayne , Marvin Chris H. , Burniston Debbie A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Spatial interpolation methods translate sediment contamination point data into informative area-based visualizations. Lake Erie was first sampled in 1971 based on a survey grid of 263 locations. Due to procedural costs, the 2014 survey was reduced to 34 sampling locations mostly located in deep offshore regions of the lake. Using the 1971 dataset, this study identifies the minimum sampling density at which statistically valid, and spatially accurate predictions can be made using ordinary kriging. Randomly down-sampled subsets at 10% intervals of the 1971 survey were created to include at least one set of data points with a smaller sample size than that of the 2014 dataset. Regression analyses of predicted contamination values assessed spatial autocorrelation between kriged surfaces created from the down-sampled subsets and the original dataset. Subsets at 10% and 20% of the original data density accurately predicted 51% and 75% (respectively) of the original dataset's predictions. Subsets representing 70%, 80% and 90% of the original data density accurately predicted 88%, 90% and 97% of the original dataset's predictions. Although all subsets proved to be statistically valid, sampling densities below 0.002 locations/km2 are likely to create very generalized contamination maps from which environmental decisions might not be justified.
Effects of adding betaine on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from simulated pickled vegetables wastewater
Authors: Hongwei Yang , Liang Chen , Fanglin Luo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLaboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were used to examine the effects of adding dosage and ways of adding betaine on nitrogen and phosphorus removal from simulated pickled vegetables wastewater under two different concentrations of salt. The activated sludge was pre-acclimated in a salt environment prior to the experiment. Adding 0.5–2.0 mM betaine to the synthetic wastewater, all the levels were found to be effective at improving the ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal with increased salt concentrations from 8 to 16 g/L, in which 1.0 mM betaine was found to be the most effective. Rapid increase of salt concentration, however, showed to have a more pronounced negative effect on total phosphorus (TP) removal. Nevertheless, betaine-added enhanced TP removal was superior to that of NH4+-N in high salt content conditions compared with the absence of betaine. Both NH4+-N and TP removal rate were not significantly influenced by the ways of betaine-adding. Interestingly, the dynamic process on phosphate removal in a single cycle of SBR operation, was showed to have anomalous aerobic phosphorus desorption and anaerobic phosphorus absorption, the former could be caused by insufficiency of biodegradable organic matters and/or longer aeration time, and the latter may be attributed to the function of denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacteria in the sludge. As a result, a moderate betaine dosage can obtain a sufficient improvement effect for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal even under high salt stress.
TRANSPARÊNCIA DA GESTÃO PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL: FATORES EXPLICATIVOS DO NÍVEL DE TRANSPARÊNCIA DOS MUNICÍPIOS DE MÉDIO E GRANDE PORTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Brocco Camila , Grando Tadeu , Martins Vanessa De Quadros , Brunozi Junior Antônio Carlos , Corrêa Suelen 
Published: May 2018

A partir da governança pública e da disponibilização de informações por parte dos gestores públicos, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar quais fatores podem explicar o nível de transparência dos municípios. A amostra foi constituída pelos municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul com população acima de 50 mil habitantes, totalizando 43 cidades. Foi construído um índice composto por 36 itens, baseado na Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal e na Lei de Acesso à Informação. Metodologicamente, apurou-se o nível de transparência dos municípios através de uma análise descritiva, sendo a média de 71%. Posteriormente, para identificar quais fatores explicam o nível de transparência, configurou-se uma regressão linear múltipla, confrontando as variáveis explicativas do nível de transparência abordadas pela literatura. Os resultados do modelo estatístico indicam que o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal é o único fator que apresentou significância estatística a ponto de explicar o nível de transparência dos municípios, pelo pressuposto de que cidadãos com melhores condições de saúde, educação e boa empregabilidade, têm melhores condições de exercer o controle social sobre a gestão municipal.Palavras-chave: Governança pública. Nível de transparência. Fatores explicativos. Controle social.
APRENDIZAGEM COOPERATIVA COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE ENSINO PARA A CONTABILIDADE: HABILIDADES INTELECTUAIS DA TAXONOMIA DO DOMÍNIO COGNITIVO
Authors: Pereira Ivone Vieira , Silva Cesar Augusto Tiburcio 
Published: May 2018

A formação profissional tem sido influenciada pelas exigências do mercado de trabalho, o qual tem requerido habilidades intelectuais dos profissionais para serem absorvidos no mercado de trabalho. Dentre essas habilidades, destaca-se a comunicação e a interação social. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa busca-se verificar as contribuições que a aprendizagem cooperativa pode proporcionar para o desempenho acadêmico e para a habilidade de comunicação dos acadêmicos de Ciências Contábeis. Para alcançar o proposto, escolheram-se duas habilidades intelectuais da taxonomia de Bloom: aplicação e análise, sendo que na aplicação, verificou-se o desempenho acadêmico através da aprendizagem cooperativa Jigsaw e na análise investigou a comunicação escrita através da técnica Cloze. O experimento foi realizado com os acadêmicos do sétimo período de Ciências Contábeis de uma universidade pública. A amostra foi constituída por 34 acadêmicos matriculados na disciplina de Contabilidade Fiscal. Os dados coletados foram analisados utilizando a análise de variância para a categoria aplicação e análise e o teste de Tukey. Os resultados revelaram que a aprendizagem cooperativa contribuiu para a melhoria da habilidade de comunicação escrita, no entanto, não apresentou diferença significativa na categoria aplicação (desempenho acadêmico). Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem cooperativa. Aplicação. Análise.
CRIAÇÃO DO CONSELHO DE GESTÃO FISCAL: APRENDENDO COM A EXPERIÊNCIA INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Mioranza Juliana , Lima Diana Vaz de 
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a experiência internacional sobre a criação de Conselhos de Gestão Fiscal (CGF) para subsidiar as discussões sobre o tema no Brasil. Para tratar a questão da pesquisa, inicialmente foi analisada a experiência brasileira por meio de Projetos de Lei em tramitação na Câmara dos Deputados e no Senado Federal, no período de 2000 a 2017. Em seguida, foram observados os preceitos legais que garantem a independência de um CGF da perspectiva do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), e analisadas as experiências internacionais com relação à criação de CGF por parte dos Governos dos Países, destacando o início das atividades, os modelos institucionais observados e como esses conselhos foram estruturados. Os achados do estudo mostram que o primeiro CGF foi criado pelos Países Baixos no ano de 1945, seguido do Japão (1950), Dinamarca (1962) e Alemanha (1963), existindo atualmente 29 CGF em todo o mundo. Quanto aos modelos institucionais, há preferência pelos autônomos e associados ao Poder Legislativo (20 dos 29 países analisados). Sobre a composição, a quantidade de membros não varia muito, havendo no mínimo dois e no máximo 13 membros em cada órgão, com experiências profissionais nas áreas de Política Fiscal, Economia, Auditoria, Mercados Financeiros e Finanças Públicas.Palavras-chave: Brasil. Conselho de Gestão Fiscal. Experiência Internacional. Contabilidade Pública.
Journey of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-5-methyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (FMAU): from Antiviral Drug to PET Imaging Agent
Authors: Alauddin Mian M. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Developed as an antiviral drug in the 1960s and 1970s, the
thymidine analogue 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-5-methyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (FMAU)
was translated to clinical application for treatment of herpes simplex virus infection. In
phase I clinical trial of FMAU; however, patients experienced neurotoxicity at the pharmacological
dose, and FMAU was withdrawn from the trial. More recently, FMAU has
been developed as a tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in early detection
of cancer through its binding to human thymidine kinase, which is upregulated in
cancer cells. FMAU radiolabeled with 11C or 18F has been examined for PET imaging of
tumor cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. Although many reports have been partially
published on FMAU, systematic reviews outlining the historic development and imaging
probe are lacking. This review is focused on the identification of kinases, the chemistry of
FAMU and its application in cancer diagnosis and therapy assessment.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to review the historic development of FMAU, from
its synthetic development and antiviral activity studies to its radiolabeling and evaluate it
as a PET imaging probe for the early detection of cancer and assessment of treatment response,
including published reports on the clinical utility of 18F-FMAU.

Conclusion:
While FMAU was not successful as an antiviral agent, 18F-FMAU is a suitable
radiotracer for early detection of cancer and assessment of response to therapy by
PET. The process of clinical grade 18F-FMAU production requires further improvement.
18F-FMAU has high potential for clinical application, but further extensive studies are
needed to establish this tracer in the diagnosis of various cancers and assessment of their
response to therapy.