bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Closer Look at Bursty Star Formation with LHα and LUV Distributions
Authors: Emami Najmeh , Siana Brian , Weisz Daniel R. , Johnson Benjamin D. , Ma Xiangcheng , El-Badry Kareem 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We investigate the bursty star formation histories (SFHs) of dwarf galaxies using the distribution of log(

) of 185 local galaxies. We expand on the work of Weisz et al. to consider a wider range of SFHs and stellar metallicities, and show that there are large degeneracies in a periodic, top-hat burst model. We argue that all galaxies of a given mass have similar SFHs and we can therefore include the L
Hα
distributions (subtracting the median trend with stellar mass, referred to as

) in our analyses.

traces the amplitude of the bursts, and log(

) is a function of the timescale, amplitude, and shape of the bursts. We examine the two-dimensional distribution of these two indicators to constrain the SFHs. We use exponentially rising/falling bursts to determine timescales (e-folding time, τ). We find that galaxies below 107.5
M
⊙ undergo large (maximum amplitudes of ∼100) and rapid (τ < 30 Myr) bursts, while galaxies above 108.5
M
⊙ experience smaller (maximum amplitudes ∼10), slower (τ ≳ 300 Myr) bursts. We compare with the FIRE-2 hydrodynamical simulations and find that the burst amplitudes agree with observations, but they are too rapid in intermediate-mass galaxies (

M
⊙). Finally, we confirm that stochastic sampling of the stellar mass function cannot reproduce the observed distributions unless the standard assumptions of cluster and stellar mass functions are changed. With the next generation of telescopes, measurements of L
UV and L
Hα
will become available for dwarf galaxies at high redshift, enabling similar analyses of galaxies in the early universe.
Cosmic Snow Clouds: Self-gravitating Gas Spheres Manifesting Hydrogen Condensation
Authors: Walker Mark A. , Wardle Mark J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present hydrostatic equilibrium models of spherical, self-gravitating clouds of helium and molecular hydrogen, focusing on the cold, high-density regime where solid- or liquid-hydrogen can form. The resulting structures have masses from 0.1 M
⊙ down to several ×10−8
M
⊙, and span a broad range of radii: 10−4 ≲ R(au) ≲ 107. Our models are fully convective, but all have a two-zone character with the majority of the mass in a small, condensate-free core, surrounded by a colder envelope where phase equilibrium obtains. Convection in the envelope is unusual in that it is driven by a mean-molecular-weight inversion, rather than by an entropy gradient. In fact, the entropy gradient is itself inverted, leading to the surprising result that envelope convection transports heat inward. In turn, that permits the outer layers to maintain steady-state temperatures below the cosmic microwave background. Among our hydrostatic equilibria we identify thermal equilibria appropriate to the Galaxy, in which radiative cooling from H2 is balanced by cosmic-ray heating. These equilibria are all thermally unstable, albeit with very long thermal timescales in some cases. The specific luminosities of all our models are very low, and they therefore describe a type of baryonic dark matter. Consequently such clouds are thermally fragile: when placed in a harsh radiation field, they will be unable to cool effectively and disruption will ensue as heat input drives a secular expansion. Disrupting clouds should leave trails of gas and H2 dust in their wake, which might make them easier to detect. Our models may be relevant to the cometary globules in the Helix Nebula and the G2 cloud orbiting Sgr A*.
Electron-capture Rates in 20Ne for a Forbidden Transition to the Ground State of 20F Relevant to the Final Evolution of High-density O–Ne–Mg Cores
Authors: Suzuki Toshio , Zha Shuai , Leung Shing-Chi , Nomoto Ken’ichi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Electron capture on 20Ne is critically important for the final stage of evolution of stars with initial masses of 8–10 M
⊙. In the present paper, we evaluate electron-capture rates for a forbidden transition 20Ne (

)

20F (

) in stellar environments by the multipole expansion method with the use of shell-model Hamiltonians. These rates have not been accurately determined in theory as well as in experiments. Our newly evaluated rates are compared with those obtained by a prescription that treats the transition as an allowed Gamow–Teller transition with the strength determined from a recent β-decay experiment for 20F (

)

20Ne (

). We find that different electron energy dependence of the transition strengths between the two methods leads to sizable differences in the weak rates of the two methods. We also find that the Coulomb effects, that is, the effects of screening on ions and electrons are nonnegligible. We apply our electron-capture rates on 20Ne to the calculation of the evolution of high-density O–Ne–Mg cores of 8–10 M
⊙ stars. We find that our new rates affect the abundance distribution and the central density at the final stage of evolution.
The Impact of Accretion Heating and Thermal Conduction on the Dead Zone of Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Schobert B. N. , Peeters A. G. , Rath F. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper investigates the influence of accretion heating and turbulent heat conduction on the equilibrium of protoplanetary disks, extending the 2D axisymmetric passive disk model of Flock. The model includes dust sublimation and radiative transfer with the flux-limited diffusion approximation, and predicts the density and temperature profiles as well as the dust-to-gas ratio of the disk. It is shown that the accretion heating can have a large impact: for accretion rates above 5 · 10−8
M
⊙ yr−1 a zone forms behind the silicate condensation front with sufficiently high temperature to sublimate the dust and form a gaseous cavity. Assuming a Prandtl number ∼0.7, it is furthermore shown that the turbulent heat conduction cannot be neglected in the evaluation of the temperature profile. While the inner rim position is not affected by viscous heating, the dead zone edge shifts radially outward for higher accretion rates.
Evidence for Asymmetry in the Velocity Distribution of the Interstellar Neutral Helium Flow Observed by IBEX and Ulysses
Authors: Wood Brian E. , Müller Hans-Reinhard , Möbius Eberhard 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We use observations from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) and Ulysses to explore the possibility that the interstellar neutral helium flowing through the inner solar system possesses an intrinsic non-Maxwellian velocity distribution. In fitting the IBEX and Ulysses data, we experiment with both a kappa distribution and a bi-Maxwellian, instead of the usual Maxwellian assumption. The kappa distribution does not improve the quality of fit to either the IBEX or Ulysses data, and we find lower limits to the kappa parameter of κ > 12.1 and κ > 6.0 from the IBEX and Ulysses analyses, respectively. In contrast, we do find evidence that a bi-Maxwellian improves fit quality. For IBEX, there is a clear preferred bi-Maxwellian solution with T
⊥/T
∥ = 0.62 ± 0.11 oriented about an axis direction with ecliptic coordinates (λ
axis, b
axis) = (57.°2 ± 8.°9, −1.°6 ± 5.°9). The Ulysses data provide support for this result, albeit with lower statistical significance. The axis direction is close to the interstellar medium (ISM) flow direction, in a heliocentric rest frame, and is therefore unlikely to be indicative of velocity distribution asymmetries intrinsic to the ISM. It is far more likely that these results indicate the presence of asymmetries induced by interactions in the outer heliosphere.
A decade of detailed observations (2008–2018) in steep bedrock permafrost at the Matterhorn Hörnligrat (Zermatt, CH)
Authors: Weber Samuel , Beutel Jan , Da Forno Reto , Geiger Alain , Gruber Stephan , Gsell Tonio , Hasler Andreas , Keller Matthias , Lim Roman , Limpach Philippe , Meyer Matthias , Talzi Igor , Thiele Lothar , Tschudin Christian , Vieli Andreas , Vonder Mühll Daniel , Yücel Mustafa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The PermaSense project is an ongoing interdisciplinary effort between geo-science and engineering disciplines and started in 2006 with the goals of realizing observations that previously have not been possible. Specifically, the aims are to obtain measurements in unprecedented quantity and quality based on technological advances. This paper describes a unique >10-year data record obtained from in situ measurements in steep bedrock permafrost in an Alpine environment on the Matterhorn Hörnligrat, Zermatt, Switzerland, at 3500 ma.s.l. Through the utilization of state-of-the-art wireless sensor technology it was possible to obtain more data of higher quality, make these data available in near real time and tightly monitor and control the running experiments. This data set (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.897640, Weber et al., 2019a) constitutes the longest, densest and most diverse data record in the history of mountain permafrost research worldwide with 17 different sensor types used at 29 distinct sensor locations consisting of over 114.5 million data points captured over a period of 10 or more years. By documenting and sharing these data in this form we contribute to making our past research reproducible and facilitate future research based on these data, e.g., in the areas of analysis methodology, comparative studies, assessment of change in the environment, natural hazard warning and the development of process models. Finally, the cross-validation of four different data types clearly indicates the dominance of thawing-related kinematics.
Watt-class blue vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays
Authors: Kuramoto Masaru , Kobayashi Seiichiro , Akagi Takanobu , Tazawa Komei , Tanaka Kazufumi , Nakata Keisuke , Saito Tatsuma 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We have successfully demonstrated a high output power of 1.19 W from a two-dimensional 16 × 16 blue GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array under continuous wave operation at a lasing wavelength of 447 nm. A 256-element VCSEL array exhibited a high-quality far-field beam pattern with a circular shape and narrow divergence angle of around 7°. A very small shift of the lasing wavelength with a change in the dissipated power of 0.05 nm W−1 revealed a very low thermal resistance of 3.4 K W−1.
Identification and functional analysis ofLecRLKgenes inTaxodium‘Zhongshanshan’
Authors: Guo Jinbo , Duan Hao , Xuan Lei , Wang Ziyang , Hua Jianfeng , Yu Chaoguang , Yin Yunlong , Li Mingzhi , Yang Ying 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundLectin receptor-like protein kinases (LecRLKs) can transform external stimuli into intracellular signals and play important regulatory roles in plant development and response to environmental stressors. However, research on theLecRLKgene family of conifers has seldom been reported.MethodsPutativeLecRLKgenes were identified in the transcriptome ofTaxodium‘Zhongshanshan’. The classification, domain structures, subcellular localization prediction, and expression patterns ofLecRLKgenes, as well as co-expressed genes, were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Fifteen representative genes were further selected for qRT-PCR analysis in six tissues and under five different environmental stressor conditions.ResultsIn total, 297LecRLKgenes were identified, including 155 G-type, 140 L-type, and 2 C-type. According to the classification, G-type and L-typeLecRLKgenes both can be organized into seven groups. The domain architecture of G-type proteins were more complex compared with that of L- and C-type proteins. Conservative motifs were found in G-type and L-type diverse lectin domains. Prediction and transient expression experiments to determine subcellular localization showed that LecRLKs were mainly concentrated in the cell membrane system, and some members were located at multiple sites at the same time. RNA-seq-based transcriptomics analysis suggested functional redundancy and divergence within each group. Unigenes co-expressed withLecRLKsin the transcriptome were found to be enriched in pathways related to signal transduction and environmental adaptation. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of representative genes showed evidence of functional divergence between different groups.ConclusionsThis is the first study to conduct an identification and expression analysis of theLecRLKgene family inTaxodium. These results provide a basis for future studies on the evolution and function of this important gene family inTaxodium.
Attitude of Final Year Medical Students and House Officers to Otorhinolaryngology Surgery Training
Authors: Uju Ibekwe Matilda 
Published: August 2019

Background: A good proportion of medical students and house officers will consider specialization in different aspects of medicine following graduation. However, there are still individuals who at this stage are undecided both in the question of specialization as well as on what area to pursue a career in. In a developing and resource poor country such as our environment where the doctor-patient ratio is very poor, proper distribution of physicians to meet the health demands of the people becomes of utmost importance.
Study Design: A descriptive questionnaire based study.
Place and Duration: Department of otorhinolaryngology surgery university of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between January 2019 and March 2019.
Methodology: We distributed semi structured self- administered questionnaire to all the final year medical students and the house officers of university of port Harcourt and university of port Harcourt teaching hospital. Only the house officers that did rotation in the ORL surgery department and final year medical students that gave their consent were recruited into the study. Those that did not do a rotation in ORL among the house officers and those that did not give consent were excluded. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and results presented in simple statistical tables.
Results: In this study there was a recovery rate of 82.4% with 70 respondents, 45 males and 25 females with a ratio of 1.8:1. Age range was 20 to 39 years. The age range 25-29 (58.57%) was the highest and least in age 35-39(4.29%). The final year medical students constituted 57.14% of the study population, 60% (n=42) did not want to specialize; only about 31.43% will like to specialize. while57.14% rated their clinic exposure as excellent, most rated the trainer`s method mainly average. Most; 74.3% will not choose ORL, 14.3% were undecided and only 11.4% will like to specialize in ORL. Main reason for this choice is exposure during clinical rotation and mentorship.
Conclusion: The interest in ORL among medical trainees is poor. Among those interested, exposure during clinical rotation is paramount. Dedication and innovative ideas on the part of teachers and mentors may arouse the interest in this specialty.
Case Series: Correcting Deformities: Eliminating the Fear of Stigma
Authors: Amole Isaac Olusayo , Adesina Stephen Adesope , Durodola Adewumi Ojeniyi , Eyesan Samuel Uwale 
Published: August 2019

Aim: To show how the surgery helped to eliminate the fear of the stigma associated with Hansen’s disease.
Presentation of Cases: We present a case series of two patients with right ulnar nerve paralysis and one patient with left foot drop. They all underwent surgery for correction of their deformities with excellent outcome.
Discussion: From the cases presented it was clear that though all of them were treated with multi-drug therapy for one year but they were still living under the fear of stigmatization until they had their deformities corrected through surgery. There was a great transformation in the lives of these affected individuals when they had their deformities corrected through surgery. They all overcame their fear of stigmatization after the successful surgery.
Conclusion: Correction of deformities is one of the ways of eliminating fear of stigmatization among the patients who have residual deformities after completing their treatment for Hansen’s disease. The government and non-governmental agencies could do more to make the service readily available and accessible to these individuals. This will help in reintegrating the treated individual back into the community and it will eventually lead to the closure of Leprosy camps.
MassiveMIMO
Authors: Verenzuela Daniel , Björnson Emil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMassive MIMO, where MIMO stands for multiple‐input multiple‐output, is a multiuser‐MIMO (MU‐MIMO) cellular communication technology with a massive number of antennas and users. More precisely, each base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas and utilizes these antennas to spatially multiplex many user equipments (UEs) on the same time‐frequency resource. The main difference from conventional cellular networks is that the interference between UEs is managed by spatial processing (called transmit precoding or receive combining) instead of by scheduling them on orthogonal time‐frequency resources. The key differentiator from conventional MU‐MIMO systems is that the users' channels become nearly orthogonal – a property referred to as “favorable propagation” – when the BS has a large number of antennas. This property vastly reduces the interference and thus allows for spatial multiplexing of many tens of UEs, instead of a handful UEs. In addition, favorable propagation enables the use of relatively simple linear signal processing techniques for interference suppression.
The relationship between organizational climate, job stress, workplace burnout, and retention of pharmacists
Authors: Lan Yu-Li , Huang Wan-Tsui , Kao Chi-Lan , Wang Hui-Jung 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study explored the relationship between organizational climate, job stress, workplace burnout, and retention of pharmacists. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and conducted a questionnaire survey of pharmacists working at three teaching hospitals (a district teaching hospital, a regional teaching hospital, and a medical center).

Methods
The sampling criteria were a license to practice pharmacy and a willingness to sign a written consent form to participate in this study.

Results
One hundred ten questionnaires were distributed, of which 101 contained valid responses, yielding a valid return rate of 91.82%. A significant correlation was evident between organizational climate, job stress, workplace burnout, and retention. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that demographic variables, organizational climate, job stress, and workplace burnout had a predictive power of 55.6% for retention (F = 9.712***, P &lt; .001). Organizational climate had a significant positive correlated with retention (β = 0.401*, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The results of this study can help hospitals to create a friendly and healthy workplace, instruct hospital managers how to improve their organizational climates, and reduce pharmacists’ job stress and workplace burnout, thereby enhancing the quality of pharmacy service and medication safety and eventually improving pharmacists’ intention to stay.
Silk Flexible Electronics: From Bombyx mori Silk Ag Nanoclusters Hybrid Materials to Mesoscopic Memristors and Synaptic Emulators
Authors: Shi Chenyang , Wang Jingjuan , Sushko Maria L. , Qiu Wu , Yan Xiaobing , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFunctionalization of flexible materials based on mesoscopic reconstruction is a key strategy in fabricating biocompatible flexible electronics. This work is to acquire new mesoscopic bioelectronic hybrid materials of silk fibroin (SF)‐Ag nanoclusters (AgNCs@BSA; BSA: bovine serum albumin), which enhance significantly the performance of silk memristors. It is to build AgNCs@BSA into SF mesoscopic networks by templated β‐crystallization. Atomic force microscopy potential probing indicates that AgNCs@BSA serve as electronic potential wells that change completely the transport behavior of charge particles within the SF films. This leads to significant enhancement in the switching speed (≈10 ns), very good switching stability, extremely low set/reset voltages (0.3/−0.18 V) of SF meso‐hybrid memristors, compared with the original and other organic memristors, and displays unique synapse characteristics and the capability of synapse learning. Classical density functional theory Poisson–Nernst–Planck simulations indicate that the enhanced performance is subject to the low potential paths interconnecting the AgNCs@BSA, which guide charges' transport (Ag+) and deposition in SF films.
3D Bioprinting: The Emergence of Programmable Biodesign
Authors: Correia Carreira Sara , Begum Runa , Perriman Adam W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUntil recently, bioprinting was largely limited to highly interdisciplinary research teams, as the process requires significant input from specialists in the fields of materials science, engineering, and cell biology. With the advent of commercially available high‐performance bioprinters, the field has become accessible to a wider range of research groups, who can now buy the hardware off the shelf instead of having to build it from scratch. As a result, bioprinting has rapidly expanded to address a wide array of research foci, which include organotypic in vitro models, complex engineered tissues, and even bioprinted microbial systems. Moreover, in the early days, the range of suitable bioinks was limited. Now, there is a plethora of viable options to suit many cell phenotypes. This rapidly evolving dynamic environment creates endless opportunities for scientists to design and construct highly complex biological systems. However, this scientific diversity presents its own set of challenges, such as defining standardized protocols for characterizing bioprinted structures, which is essential for eventual organ replacement. In this progress report, the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field of bioprinting is discussed, with a special emphasis on recent hardware developments, bioprinting for regenerative medicine, and late‐breaking nontraditional topics.
Methacrylic Acid Copolymer Coating Enhances Constructive Remodeling of Polypropylene Mesh by Increasing the Vascular Response
Authors: Coindre Virginie F. , Carleton Miranda M. , Sefton Michael V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study reports that a methacrylic acid (MAA)‐based copolymer coating generates constructive remodeling of polypropylene (PP) surgical mesh in a subcutaneous model. This coating is non‐bioresorbable and follows the architecture of the mesh without impeding connective tissue integration. Following implantation, the tissue response is biased toward vascularization instead of fibrosis. The vessel density around the MAA mesh is double that of the uncoated mesh two weeks after implantation. This initial vasculature regresses after two weeks while mature vessels remain, suggesting an enhanced healing response. Concurrently, the MAA coating alters the foreign body response to the mesh. Fewer infiltrating cells, macrophages, and foreign body giant cells are found at the tissue–material interface three weeks after implantation. The coating also dampens inflammation, with lower expression levels of pro‐inflammatory and fibrogenic signals (e.g., Tgf‐β1, Tnf‐α, and Il1‐β) and similar expression levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Il10 and Il6) compared to the uncoated mesh. Contrary to other coatings that aim to mitigate the foreign body response to PP mesh, a MAA coating does not require the addition of any biological agents to have an effect, making the coated mesh an attractive candidate for soft tissue repair.