bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired oxygen uptake kinetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Hearon Jr Christopher M , Sarma Satyam , Dias Katrin A , Hieda Michinari , Levine Benjamin D 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe time needed to increase oxygen utilisation to meet metabolic demand (V̇O2kinetics) is impaired in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and is an independent risk factor for HF mortality. It is not known if V̇O2kinetics are slowed in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We tested the hypothesis that V̇O2kinetics are slowed during submaximal exercise in HFpEF and that slower V̇O2kinetics are related to impaired peripheral oxygen extraction.MethodsEighteen HFpEF patients (68±7 years, 10 women) and 18 healthy controls (69±6 years, 10 women) completed submaximal and peak exercise testing. Cardiac output (acetylene rebreathing, Q̇c), ventilatory oxygen uptake (V̇O2, Douglas bags) and arterial-venous O2difference (a-vO2difference) derived from Q̇cand V̇O2were assessed during exercise. Breath-by-breath O2uptake was measured continuously throughout submaximal exercise, and V̇O2kinetics was quantified as mean response time (MRT).ResultsHFpEF patients had markedly slowed V̇O2kinetics during submaximal exercise (MRT: control: 40.1±14.2, HFpEF: 65.4±27.7 s; p<0.002), despite no relative impairment in submaximal cardiac output (Q̇c: control: 8.6±1.7, HFpEF: 9.7±2.2 L/min; p=0.79). When stratified by MRT, HFpEF with an MRT ≥60 s demonstrated elevated Q̇c, and impaired peripheral oxygen extraction that was apparent during submaximal exercise compared with HFpEF with a MRT <60 s (submaximal a-vO2difference: MRT <60 s: 9.7±2.1, MRT ≥60 s: 7.9±1.1 mL/100 mL; p=0.03).ConclusionHFpEF patients have slowed V̇O2kinetics that are related to impaired peripheral oxygen utilisation. MRT can identify HFpEF patients with peripheral limitations to submaximal exercise capacity and may be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Increased risk of non-multiple sclerosis demyelinating syndromes in patients with preexisting septicaemia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chou Chung-Hsing , Lee Jiunn-Tay , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Lien Li-Ming , Yin Jiu-Haw , Lin Chun-Chieh , Tsai I-Ju , Sung Yueh-Feng , Yang Fu-Chi , Tsai Chia-Lin , Wang I-Kuan , Tseng Chun-Hung , Hsu Chung-Y 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence shows links between septicaemia and non-multiple sclerosis demyelinating syndromes (NMSDS); nevertheless, epidemiological data are still very limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between septicaemia and NMSDS in a general population.MethodsThe study included 482 781 individuals diagnosed with septicaemia and 1 892 825 age/sex-matched non-septicaemia patients for the comparison. Data were drawn from a population-based nationwide National Health Insurance Research Database Taiwan, from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2011. The two cohorts of patients with and without septicaemia were followed up for the occurrence of NMSDS. The Cox-proportional hazard regression model was performed to estimate adjusted HR after multivariate adjustment.ResultsIndividuals with septicaemia had a 4.17-fold (95% CI 3.21 to 5.4, p &lt; 0.001) higher risk to develop NMSDS compared with those without septicaemia. Patients aged &lt;65 years had a greater NMSDS risk (&lt;45 years: HR = 6.41, 95% CI 3.65 to 11.3, p &lt; 0.001; 45–64 years: HR = 6.66, 95% CI 3.98 to 11.2, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, females with septicaemia and individuals with higher severity of septicaemia were associated with increased risks of developing NMSDS.ConclusionsOur results indicated that patients with septicaemia were likely to develop NMSDS. A possible contributing role of septicaemia in increasing the hazard of NMSDS is proposed, based on the outcome that individuals with higher severity of septicaemia carried elevated threat of encountering NMSDS.
Effect of IQOS introduction on cigarette sales: evidence of decline and replacement
Authors: Stoklosa Michal , Cahn Zachary , Liber Alex , Nargis Nigar , Drope Jeffrey 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPhilip Morris International, one of the largest transnational cigarette manufacturers, has heavily invested in its new heated tobacco product, IQOS, marketing it aggressively as a less harmful alternative to cigarette smoking. The company’s assertions that the product replaces cigarettes in a market have never been independently tested. The objective of this study is to determine whether introduction of IQOS affected cigarette sales in a large economy.Data and MethodsUsing 2014 to 2018 monthly retailer panel data from Japan, we analyse whether different dates of IQOS introduction across Japan’s regions are reflected in the patterns of cigarette sales in those regions. A series of placebo models are estimated to test if events other than IQOS introduction could have better explained the observed trends in cigarette sales.ResultsCigarette sales begin to substantially decline at the time of the introduction of IQOS in each of 11 Japanese regions (Chow tests p<0.001). IQOS introduction, which varied across regions, better predicted the timing of cigarette sales decline than any one time applied to all regions simultaneously (a national-level exogenous shock) and than nearly all possible rearrangements of the true IQOS introduction months among the regions (exact permutation test’s p value from 0.02 to 0.13, depending on the study approach).ConclusionsThe introduction of IQOS likely reduced cigarette sales in Japan. The net population health impact, however, cannot be assessed without resolving several key uncertainties related to the direct harms of IQOS and the precise patterns of both smoking and IQOS use.
Self-Adaptive Firefly Algorithm with Pole Zero Cancellation Method for Controlling SMIB Power System
Authors: Gharghory Sawsan Morkos , Ebrahim Azza Elsayed 
Published: June 2019

The accurate analysis and controller design for high-order systems are important issues. In this paper, a design of controller is suggested to Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) System in which its order is reduced by the proposed self-adaptive Firefly Algorithm (FA). First, the dynamic adaption to the dominant parameters of the standard FA is proposed for overcoming its disadvantages and improving its ability in searching the global optimum solution with application to reduce the model order of SMIB. The parameters which are proposed to self-adaption are both of the light absorption based on the mean distance of fireflies’ positions and the step setting based on the fitness information to the status of preceding firefly and the current fireflies. Second, proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is suggested to be designed by pole zero cancellation method via the step response characteristics of the reduced-order SMIB to be applied to its high order. The efficiency of the proposed methods is tested on high-order SMIB to get its corresponding low order and to control it. The experimental results prove the efficacy of self-adaptive FA compared to the standard FA and the methods in the literature in terms of step response characteristics using error indices. The proposed methods assure the stability of the reduced order and the ability of the designed controller to handle both high and low-order model.
Extractive Based Single Document Text Summarization Using Clustering Approach
Authors: Bhole Pankaj Kailas , Agrawal A. J. 
Published: June 2019

Text summarization is an old challenge in text mining but in dire need of researcher’s attention in the areas of computational intelligence, machine learning and natural language processing. We extract a set of features from each sentence that helps identify its importance in the document. Every time reading full text is time consuming. Clustering approach is useful to decide which type of data present in document. In this paper we introduce the concept of k-mean clustering for natural language processing of text for word matching and in order to extract meaningful information from large set of offline documents, data mining document clustering algorithm are adopted.
Grading of Soybean Leaf Disease Based on Segmented Image Using K-means Clustering
Authors: Jadhav Sachin Balkrishna , Patil Sanjay B. 
Published: June 2019

Traditional method used for disease scoring scale to grade the plant diseases is mainly based on neckaed eye observation by agriculture expert or plant pathlogiest. In this method percentage scale was exclusively used to define different disease severities in an illustrated series of disease assessment keys for field crops.The assessment of plant leaf diseases using this aaproach which may be subjective, time consuming and cost effective.Also aacurate grading of leaf diseases is essential to the determination of pest control measures. In order to improve this process, here we propose a technique for automatically quantifying the damaged leaf area using k means clustering, which uses square Euclidian distances method for partition of leaf image.For grading of soybean leaf disese which appear on leaves based on segmented diseased region are done automatically by estiamting thae ratio of the unit pixel expressed under diseased region area and unit pixel expressed under Leaf region area.For experiment purpose samples of Bacterial Leaf Blight Septoria Brown spot, Bean Pod Mottle Virus infected soybean leaf images were taken for analysis.Finally estiamated diseased severity and its grading is compared with manual scoring based on conventional illustrated key diagram was conducted. Comparative assessment results showed a good agreement between the numbers of percentage scale grading obtained by manual scoring and by image analysis The result shows that the proposed method is precise and reliable than visual evaluation performed by patahlogiest.
Automatic Exudates Detection in Diabetic Retinopathy Images
Authors: Faouzi H. , Fakir Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) refers to the presence of typical retinal micro vascular lesions in persons with diabetics. When the disease is at the early state, a prompt diagnosis may help in preventing irreversible damages to the diabetic eye. If the exudates are closer to macula, then the situation is critical. Early detection can potentially reduce the risk of blind. This paper proposes tool for the early detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using edge detection, algorithm kmeans in segmentation phase, invariant moments (Hu and Affine) and descriptor GIST in extraction phase. In the recognition phase, neural network is adopted. All tests are applied on database DIARETDB1.
The Cheapest Shop Seeker : A New Algorithm For Optimization Problem in a Continous Space
Authors: Shola Peter Bamidele 
Published: June 2019

<div class="Section1"><p>In this paper a population-based meta-heuristic algorithm for optimization problems in a continous space is presented.The algorithm,here called cheapest shop seeker is modeled after a group of shoppers seeking to identify the cheapest shop (among many available) for shopping. The algorithm was tested on many benchmark functions with the result compared with those from some other methods. The algorithm appears to have a better success rate of hitting the global optimum point of a function and of the rate of convergence (in terms of the number of iterations required to reach the optimum value) for some functions in spite of its simplicity.</p></div>
Incident Cerebral Microbleeds After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Perry Luke A , Rodrigues Mark , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Samarasekera Neshika 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
The frequency and prognostic implications of incident cerebral microbleeds (CMB), defined as development of one or more new CMB, after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the frequency and prognostic implications of incident CMB after ICH.

Methods—
We searched Ovid Medline and Embase in May 2018 for longitudinal studies of adults who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at 2 or more times after ICH. We calculated the pooled proportion of adults with incident CMB and sought associations between incident CMB and clinical outcomes (death, recurrent ICH, or new ischemic stroke). We planned subgroup analyses to investigate clinical variables associated with incident CMB.

Results—
We identified 2354 publications, of which we included 4 cohort studies involving 349 patients. The pooled proportion of adults with at least one new CMB during a mean 27 months follow-up (SD 20 months) was ≈40% (95% CI, 30%–50%). In one study, as the number of incident CMB increased (0 versus 1–3 new CMB versus ≥4 new CMB) the risk of recurrent symptomatic lobar ICH increased (hazard ratio 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2–7.3). No study reported on outcomes of incident ischemic stroke or death.

Conclusions—
Incident CMB occurs in ≈40% of adults after ICH. The association of incident CMB with recurrent lobar ICH needs confirmation and their association with death and ischemic stroke investigation.
The Long- and Short-Lived North Atlantic Oscillation Events in a Simplified Atmospheric Model
Authors: Song Jie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events with relatively long and short lifetimes based on an 8000-day perpetual-boreal-winter [December–February (DJF)] run result of the idealized Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) dynamical core atmospheric model. We identify the so-called long- and short-lived positive and negative NAO events from the 8000-day model output. The composite 300-hPa geopotential height anomalies show that the spatial patterns of the composite long-lived NAO events closely resemble the Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM) because the NAO dipole is accompanied with a statistically significant North Pacific meridional dipole (NPMD) at similar latitudes as that of the NAO dipole. The composite short-lived NAO events exhibit the locally confined canonical NAO. Twelve sets of modified initial-value experiments indicate that an absence (a presence) of the NPMD-type perturbations at the early stage of the long (short)-lived NAO events will decrease (increase) their intensities and naturally shorten (lengthen) their lifetimes. Thus, the preceding NPMD is an early factor that is conducive to the emergence of the long-lived NAO events in the model. We argue that through directly modulating the synoptic eddy forcing over the North Atlantic region, the preceding NPMD can gradually arouse the NAO-like circulation anomalies on the following days. That is the reason why the preceding NPMD can modulate the intensities and lifetimes of the NAO events.
Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends from Biased CMIP5 Simulations and Sensitivity to Changing Climate over North America
Authors: Sullivan Ryan C. , Kotamarthi V. Rao , Feng Yan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Future projections of evapotranspiration (ET) are of critical importance for agricultural and freshwater management and for predicting land–atmosphere feedbacks on the climate system. However, ET from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) simulations exhibits substantial biases, bolstering little confidence in future ET projections. Despite poor predictive skill and large bias of ET from the global climate models, the information content necessary to calculate ET offline is available in the models’ archived outputs: temperature T, water vapor pressure e, atmospheric pressure P, and surface net radiation R. A relatively simple three-source energy balance model [Penman–Monteith (PM)], along with the mean annual cycle of remotely sensed vegetation properties, can then be used to reconstruct ET with a substantially reduced bias relative to in situ turbulent heat flux measurements. This methodology is used here to reconstruct ET projections from 2006 through 2100 over North America using output from selected CMIP5 models and to attribute projected ET trends to specific atmospheric controls. CMIP5 ET exhibits substantial bias in annual ET relative to in situ flux measurements across North America (38%–73%; 2006–15), but ET reconstructed from the CMIP5 meteorology with the PM method greatly reduces this bias (−8% to +14%). Present-day North American ET is more sensitive to changes in atmospheric demand for ET (temperature and water vapor pressure) than energy limitation (net radiation), and to a lesser extent vegetation properties (leaf area index). Accordingly, ET is projected to increase 0.26–0.87 mm yr−1 yr−1 over North America through 2100 driven primarily by trends in temperature.
Repair of an Osteochondral Defect With Minced Cartilage Embedded in Atelocollagen Gel: A Rabbit Model
Authors: Matsushita Ryosuke , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Ishikawa Masakazu , Tsuyuguchi Yusuke , Matsubara Norimasa , Miyaki Shigeru , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: June 2019

Background:Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is often performed for large cartilage defects. Because this technique has several disadvantages, including the need for second-stage surgery, cartilage repair using minced cartilage has been suggested. However, this technique could be improved using 3-dimensional scaffolds.Purpose:To examine the ability of chondrocyte migration and proliferation from minced cartilage in atelocollagen gel in vitro and evaluate the repairable potential of minced cartilage embedded in atelocollagen gel covered with a periosteal flap in a rabbit model.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Minced cartilage or isolated chondrocytes from rabbits were embedded in atelocollagen gel and cultured for 3 weeks. Chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production were evaluated in vitro. An osteochondral defect at the trochlear groove was created in 56 rabbits, which were divided into 4 groups. The defect was left empty (defect group), filled with allogenic minced cartilage (minced cartilage group), filled with isolated allogenic chondrocytes embedded in atelocollagen gel (ACI group), or filled with atelocollagen gel (atelocollagen with periosteal flap group). At 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery, repair of the defect was evaluated in these 4 groups.Results:In vitro, the number of chondrocytes and abundant matrix on the surface of the gel significantly increased in the minced cartilage group compared with the ACI group ( P < .05). In vivo, the minced cartilage and ACI groups showed good cartilage repair compared with the empty defect and atelocollagen/periosteal flap groups ( P < .05); there was no significant difference in the Pineda score between the minced cartilage and ACI groups.Conclusion:Minced cartilage in atelocollagen gel had good chondrocyte migration and proliferation abilities in vitro, and osteochondral defects were well repaired by implanting minced cartilage embedded in the atelocollagen gel in vivo. Implantation of minced cartilage embedded in atelocollagen gel showed good cartilage repair equivalent to ACI.Clinical Relevance:Implantation of minced cartilage embedded in atelocollagen gel as a 1-step procedure has outcomes similar to those of ACI but is cheaper and more convenient than ACI.
Heat Inactivation of Coccidioides posadasii and Coccidioides immitis for Use in Lower Biosafety Containment
Authors: Mead Heather L. , Blackmon Austin V. , Vogler Amy J. , Barker Bridget M. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The difficulty involved in obtaining sufficient intact genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from Coccidioides spp for downstream applications using published protocols prompted the exploration of inactivating mycelia and arthroconidia using heat under biosafety level 3 containment. This was followed by optimizing DNA extraction from mycelia using various methods at lower containment. Methods: Various exposure times and temperatures were examined to identify an effective heat inactivation procedure for arthroconidia and mycelia from both C immitis and C posadasii. Heat inactivation of mycelia was followed by DNA extraction using 2 commercially available kits, as well as a phenol:chloroform-based extraction procedure to determine DNA integrity and quantity among extraction methods using both live and heat-inactivated mycelia. Results: Ten-minute and 30-minute exposure times at 80°C were sufficient to inactivate Coccidioides spp arthroconidia and mycelia, respectively. DNA yield between live versus heat-inactivated mycelia was similar for each extraction procedure. However, DNA obtained using phenol:chloroform was of higher quantity and integrity compared with DNA obtained using the commercially available kits, which was highly fragmented. Conclusion: The ability to heat-inactivate Coccidioides cultures for processing at a lower level of containment greatly increased the efficiency of DNA extractions. Therefore, this is an ideal method for obtaining Coccidioides spp DNA and inactivated arthroconidia.
Clinical and endoscopic features of severe acute gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants: a multicentre study
Authors: Deutsch David , Romegoux Pauline , Boustière Christian , Sabaté Jean-Marc , Benamouzig Robert , Albaladejo Pierre 
Published: June 2019

Background: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and endoscopic characteristics and management of severe acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Methods: Patients hospitalized for severe GI bleeding under DOAC therapy were identified in 36 centres between June 2013 and March 2016. Clinical outcomes including re-bleeding, major cerebral and cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality were assessed initially and 30 days after admission. Results: A total of 59 patients with anonymized detailed endoscopy reports for severe GI bleeding were considered. Mean age was 79.3 ± 10.0 years and 61.3% of patients were men. Patients had histories of hypertension (65.6%), heart failure (29.5%), coronary artery disease (27.9%), stroke (19.7%) and peripheral vascular disease (36.1%). Life-threatening bleeding was observed in 42.6%. Mean number of packed red blood cells transfused was 3.4 (range 1–31). Aetiology of bleeding (identified in 66.2% of cases) was peptic gastroduodenal ulcers (22%), diverticula (11.9%), angiodysplasia (8.5%), colorectal neoplasia (5.1%) and anorectal causes (5.1%). Endoscopic haemostasis was performed in 37.7% of patients. A low haemoglobin level was predictive of life-threatening bleeding and death in multivariate analysis. All-cause mortality rate at day 30 was 11.8%. Conclusions: In this cohort of elderly patients with multiple comorbidities treated with DOACs, the main cause of severe acute GI bleeding was peptic gastroduodenal ulcer and mortality was high.
The Power of Collaborative Research in Teachers’ Professional Development
Authors: Potter Gillian 
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on the power of collaboration, professional dialogue, and social interaction in teacher-researchers professional growth. It calls for a departure from the traditional theory-into-practice model which has historically seen university-based researchers generating knowledge or research questions for teachers who, in turn, are expected to respond. New conceptualisations recognise the teacher as knowledge generator and see knowledge production as a shared responsibility of school-based and university-based researchers. A change in the research culture is advocated.This paper emanates from a qualitative research project, conducted collaboratively by school-based and university-based researchers, that aimed to explore the home literacies of children from socioculturally diverse contexts. The aspect that became a focus of the project was the role of collaboration in challenging and generating new professional understandings about the complexity of teachers work. The paper identifies a fundamental dilemma for the education profession.