bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality Rates and Excess Death Rates for the Seriously Mentally Ill
Authors: Reynolds Robert J , Day Steven M , Shafer Alan , Becker Emilie 
Published: January 2019

Objectives.—To compute mortality rates and excess death rates for patients with serious mental illness, specific to categories of gender, age and race/ethnicity.
Background.—People with serious mental illness are known to be at greatly increased risk of mortality across the lifespan. However, the measures of mortality reported for this high-risk population are typically only summary measures, which do not provide either the mortality rates or excess death rates needed to construct life tables for individuals with serious mental illness.
Methods.—Mortality rates were computed by dividing the number of deaths by the amount of life-years lived in strata specific to gender, age and race/ethnicity. Age-specific excess death rates were determined as the difference between the study population rate and the corresponding general population rate in each stratum. To compute excess death rates beyond observed ages in the cohort, a method with documented reliability and validity for chronic medical conditions was used.
Results.—For the cohort with mental illness, mortality rates for Black and White females were mostly equal, and consistently greater than those for Hispanic females; excess death rates for females displayed a similar pattern. Among males, mortality rates were highest for Whites, with Hispanics and Blacks close in magnitude at all ages. Excess death rates for males showed more divergence between the categories of race/ethnicity across the age range.
Conclusions.—Mortality rates specific to categories of gender, age and race/ethnicity show sufficient differences as to make them the preferred way to construct life tables. This is especially true in contrast to broader summary measures such as risk ratios, standardized incidence rates, or life expectancy.
Kualitas Pelayanan Informasin Obat (Konseling) di Apotek Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Suci Riza Permana , Saibi Yardi , Dasuki Asep 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Peran apoteker telah mengalami pergeseran dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Peran yang sebelumnya lebih berorientasi kepada produk (product oriented) telah beralih kepada peran yang lebih berfokus kepada pasien (patient oriented). Salah satu peran yang berfokus kepada pasien adalah pelaksanaan pemberian informasi obat ataupun konseling di apotek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kualitas pelayanan pemberian informasi obat dan atau konseling oleh tenaga kefarmasian di apotek di wilayah Kabupaten Garut, Jawa barat. Rancangan penelitian berupa potong lintang dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Untuk mengamati pelaksanaan pemberian informasi obat/konseling, dilakukan dengan pendekatan simulasi pasien penggunakan resep yang mengandung obat antidiabetes dan obat lain yang saling berinteraksi menurut literatur. Penelitian ini mendapat izin dari dinas kesehatan kabupaten Garut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian informasi obat oleh tenaga kefarmasian kepada pasien di apotek wilayah garut dilakukan oleh asisten apoteker dan apoteker. Kualitas layanan pemberian informasi obat yang dilakukan oleh apoteker sedikit lebih baik jika dibandingkan pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh asisten apoteker. Kualiltas layanan informasi obat yang dilakukan oleh apoteker masuk kategori kurang baik sedangakan yang diberikan oleh asisten apoteker dalam kategori buruk. Informasi obat pada pasien dengan penyakit kronis hendaknya dilakukan secara langsung oleh apoteker. Apoteker perlu meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam memberikan informasi obat kepada pasien.

Kata Kunci : apoteker komunitas, apotek, peran apoteker, Garut, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The pharmacist role in Indonesia as well as in the global world has shifted in the last few decades. The previous role that more focus on product has changed to the role that orient to patient care. One of this new pharmacist role form is giving apropriate information about the drug to patien either in the form of simple information or in the form of more complete i.e counceling	in community pharmacy or apothec. This research aimed to evaluate the quality of drug information service and or counselling conducted by pharmacy staff in pharmacy in Garut regency, West Java province. This was a cross- sectional study with descriptive approach. Patient simulation method was used to evalulate the practice of drug information delivery and or counselling by pharmacy staff eithe by pharmacy technician or pharmacist to patient come with antidiabetic prescription. This research was conducted by the permission from publich health office of Garut regency. The result showed that the quality of drug information delivery conducted by pharmacist was slightly better than pharmacy technician did. Pharmacist should served patient with chronic desease such as diabetict directly. Both pharmacy technician and pharmacist need to improve their knowledge and skill in handling patient.

Key word : community pharmacist, pharmacy , Pharmacist role, Garut, Indonesia
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Akar Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris Bedd) Asal Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Adawiyah Rabiatul , Rizki Muhammad Ikhwan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Tanaman khas Kalimantan yang banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman obat adalah kalakai atau sering juga disebut paku haruan (Stenochlaena palustris Bedd) atau pakis. Kalakai mengandung beberapa senyawa bioaktif seperti fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid dan keluarga terpenoid yang telah terbukti sangat efektif sebagai antioksidan. Kalakai merupakan tumbuhan yang tumbuh subur di tanah gambut dan juga ditemukan tumbuh baik di tanah berpasir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari akar kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris) yang tumbuh pada tanah gambut dan tanah berpasir berdasarkan parameter Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50). Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikril-hidrazil) dan kuersetin sebagai pembanding. Nilai IC50 untuk ekstrak akar kalakai pada tanah gambut yaitu sebesar 19,06 ppm dan pada ekstrak akar kalakai pada tanah pasir didapat IC50 sebesar 24,40 ppm. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak etanol akar kalakai yang tumbuh pada tanah pasir dan tanah gambut memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat.

Kata Kunci :	Akar, Antioksidan, Kalakai, Stenochlaena palustris Bedd

ABSTRACT

Borneo plants that are widely used as medicinal plants are kalakai or often also called paku Haruan (Stenochlaena palustris Bedd). Kalakai contains several bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoid that have been shown to be very effective as antioxidants. Kalakai is a plant that thrives on peat soils and is also found to grow well in sandy soils. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of kalakai root (Stenochlaena palustris) that grows on peat soil and sandy soil based on Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50). Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil) and quercetin as a comparison. IC50 value for kalakai root extract on peat soil that is 19,06 ppm and at kalakai root extract on sand soil obtained IC50 that is 24,40 ppm. The results of antioxidant activity test on kalakai root extract that grow on sand and peat soil have very strong antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Antioxidant, Kalakai, Root, Stenochlaena palustris Bedd
E-Learning Model for Problem Based Learning on Heat and Thermodynamic Topics in High School
Authors: Bakri Fauzi , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Irawan Velinda Finka , Muliyati Dewi 
Published: January 2019

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) in the 21st century makes it easier for students to be more active in the learning process. Physics learning materials are needed to support the problem-based learning process in high school. This study aims to produce e-learning models for problem-based learning on Heat and Thermodynamics topics. The result shows media can be used in learning in high school class XI. We uses the research and development method, with the Dick and Carey model. The study was conducted in a digital media laboratory, Physics Education Department of Universitas Negeri Jakarta from January to June 2018. E-Learning models have been produced for problem-based learning in the topic of Heat and Thermodynamics. This WordPress-based E-Learning model can display physics material enriched with images, graphics, animations, simulations, and videos. Students are facilitated to understand the concepts learned. The e-learning model is equipped with assessment tools that can be used online. Students are facilitated to learn independently without limited space and time. The E-learning model developed was also equipped with discussion groups in the form of chats for all registered users. The media validation obtained the results of system evaluation, content, and e-learning infrastructure with 78.9 points average. The material validation gives an 81.55 rating. Concerning media and material, e-learning media is declared feasible as a medium for self-learning. The e-learning model for problem-based learning is feasible to use to train the ability to critical thinking, creative thinking, collaborative, and communicate for students in high school.
Performance of Air Injection vs. CO2/Water Injection in a Tight, Light-Oil Reservoir: A Laboratory Study
Authors: O'Brien W. J. , Moore R. G. , Mehta S. A. , Ursenbach M. G. , Kuhlman M. I. 
Published: January 2019

Summary
This paper outlines the results of an early-stage comparative study of air-injection-based and immiscible-carbon-dioxide (CO2)/water-injection-based enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes for a 30+ °API tight, light-oil reservoir. This was accomplished by embedding multiple low-permeability core plugs in crushed reservoir-core material to create a composite core that was contained in a 1.84-m-long core holder. The objectives of this unscaled experimental work were to understand the suitability of each EOR process for a low-permeability reservoir; to define process parameters before a potential field pilot; and to understand the relative merits of each EOR process to mobilize light oil from a tight matrix to a fracture network.
A detailed experimental investigation was conducted at realistic reservoir conditions to evaluate the feasibility of an air-injection-based EOR process. The air-injection results were compared with those from an immiscible CO2/water-injection EOR experiment using the same experimental setup and reservoir conditions. Both the air- and CO2/water-coreflood tests were performed at 10 340 kPag (1,500 psig) and 99°C in a 100-mm diameter, 1.84-m-long composite-core holder using 38-mm-diameter reservoir core plugs (that represented the matrix) mounted within the crushed reservoir-core material (that represented the fracture); inert helium gas was used to pressure up the core holder to reservoir pressure. Permeability of the core plugs was from 0.3 to 3 md, while the permeability of the crushed core material was 1 to 3 darcies.
Air injection was performed as a standard, one-dimensional combustion-tube test with injection of 2.3 pore volumes (PVs) of air to burn 71% of the packed core length (including helium, a total of 4.3 PV of gas injected). The CO2/water coreflood was performed with the injection of 2.86 PV of CO2 followed by an extended soak period, then a second injection of an additional 2.86 PV of CO2, followed by the injection of 2.6 PV of water.
The pretest and post-test core-plug measurements of oil saturation show that the air-injection process removed significantly larger quantities of hydrocarbons than the immiscible-CO2/water-injection process. Relative to the initial conditions of the core plugs for the air-injection experiment, more than 95% of the hydrocarbons were removed (note that some fraction of original oil was consumed as fuel). In the post-test CO2/water-injection core plugs, oil recovery was in the range of 30 to 55% of initial oil in place (IOIP). These findings suggest that, under an appropriate field design, both processes have the potential to recover incremental oil from tight reservoirs. However, the air-injection process might be better suited to mobilize oil, because of thermal expansion, than the CO2/waterflood process.
Liberal transfusion strategy to prevent mortality and anaemia-associated, ischaemic events in elderly non-cardiac surgical patients – the study design of the LIBERAL-Trial
Authors: Meybohm Patrick , Lindau Simone , Treskatsch Sascha , Francis Roland , Spies Claudia , Velten Markus , Wittmann Maria , Gueresir Erdem , Stoppe Christian , Kowark Ana , Coburn Mark , Selleng Sixten , Baschin Marcel , Jenichen Gregor , Meersch Melanie , Ermert Thomas , Zarbock Alexander , Kranke Peter , Kredel Markus , Helf Antonia , Laufenberg-Feldmann Rita , Ferner Marion , Wittenmeier Eva , Gürtler Karl-Heinz , Kienbaum Peter , de Abreu Marcel Gama , Sander Michael , Bauer Michael , Seyfried Timo , Gruenewald Matthias , Choorapoikayil Suma , Mueller Markus M. , Seifried Erhard , Brosteanu Oana , Bogatsch Holger , Hasenclever Dirk , Zacharowski Kai 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Perioperative anaemia leads to impaired oxygen supply with a risk of vital organ ischaemia. In healthy and fit individuals, anaemia can be compensated by several mechanisms. Elderly patients, however, have less compensatory mechanisms because of multiple co-morbidities and aging-related decline of functional reserves. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether elderly surgical patients may benefit from a liberal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategy compared to a restrictive transfusion strategy.
Methods: The LIBERAL Trial is a prospective, randomized, multicentre, controlled clinical phase IV trial randomising 2,470 elderly (≥ 70 years) patients undergoing intermediate- or high-risk non-cardiac surgery. Registered patients will be randomised only if Haemoglobin (Hb) reaches ≤ 9 g/dl during surgery or within 3 days after surgery either to the LIBERAL group (transfusion of a single RBC unit when Hb ≤ 9 g/dl with a target range for the post-transfusion Hb level of 9-10.5 g/dl) or the RESTRICTIVE group (transfusion of a single RBC unit when Hb ≤ 7.5 g/dl with a target range for the post-transfusion Hb level of 7.5-9 g/dl). The intervention per patient will be followed until hospital discharge or up to 30 days after surgery, whichever occurs first. The primary efficacy outcome is defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, acute ischaemic stroke, acute kidney injury (stage III), acute mesenteric ischaemia and acute peripheral vascular ischaemia within 90 days after surgery. Infections requiring iv antibiotics with re-hospitalisation are assessed as important secondary endpoint. The primary endpoint will be analysed by logistic regression adjusting for age, cancer surgery (y/n), type of surgery (intermediate- or high-risk), and incorporating centres as random effect.
Discussion: The LIBERAL-Trial will evaluate whether a liberal transfusion strategy reduces the occurrence of major adverse events after non-cardiac surgery in the geriatric population compared to a restrictive strategy within 90 days after surgery.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03369210)
Sediment Oxygen Demand: A Review of In Situ Methods
Authors: Coenen Erin N. , Christensen Victoria G. , Bartsch Lynn A. , Kreiling Rebecca M. , Richardson William B. 
Published: January 2019

Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) plays a fundamental role in biological and chemical processes within the benthic layer of a water body. Land use, including agricultural land use, can affect SOD. However, a wide variety of approaches have been used for in situ SOD chamber construction and data collection, and modelers frequently use SOD values from the literature, without consideration of the differences in methods. Here, we review existing literature on SOD chambers (32 papers, 1974–2016), compare the differences between in situ and laboratory methods, evaluate the effects of in situ chamber mixing, and discuss common challenges associated with deployment. A cohesive in situ sealed chamber design for use with a multiparameter water‐quality instrument is presented as an effort toward standardizing SOD methodology, an important consideration that may facilitate integration of SOD data sets among multiple research efforts.Core Ideas
Standardizing sediment oxygen demand (SOD) methodology will improve comparability of datasets.
High chamber velocities lead to resuspension of sediment; low velocities undervalue SOD.
Anomalies in dissolved oxygen can be identified by recording turbidity within the SOD chamber.
Natural mixing creates a representative regime; artificial pumping creates the most consistent.
If chambers are not mixed, stratification can occur, causing an underestimate of SOD.
Isolation, screening, and crude oil degradation characteristics of hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria for treatment of oily wastewater
Authors: Tian Xiumei , Wang Xiaoli , Peng Shitao , Wang Zhi , Zhou Ran , Tian He 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria for treatment of oily wastewater from long-standing petroleum-polluted sediments in Bohai Bay, China. Six hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria were screened and identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. A new approach using a combination of various bacterial species in petroleum biodegradation was proposed and evaluated for its degradation characteristics. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) analysis showed that mixed bacterial agents (YJ01) degraded 80.64% of crude oil and 76.30% of crude oil alkanes, exhibiting good biodegradation effect. Besides, after 14 days of culture, the biodegradation assessment markers, pristane and phytane, showed significant degradation rates of 46.75% and 78.23%, respectively. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation trends followed a single first-order kinetics model and the degradation half-life (t1/2) of 15 g/L crude oil was significantly shorter (5.48 days). These results indicated that YJ01 could degrade a wider range of hydrocarbons as well as some recalcitrant hydrocarbon components, and can be applied for bioremediation and treatment of oil-contaminated environment.
Tetrahydrocurcumin, Curcumin, and 5-Fluorouracil Effects on Human Esophageal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Pendleton Emily G. , Jamasbi Roudabeh J. , Geusz Michael E. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Esophageal cancer responds poorly to traditional therapies, and novel treatments are
needed. The phytochemical curcumin is a potential treatment for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
(ESCC). A curcumin metabolite, tetrahydrocurcumin (THCUR), has anti-cancer effects and greater bioavailability
than curcumin.

Objective:
Evaluate THCUR as an anti-cancer agent relative to curcumin and a standard cancer drug,
5-fluorouracil (5-FU), along with treatment interactions.

Materials and Methods:
Assay cell proliferation and viability following individual and combined delivery of
the compounds to three ESSC cell lines (TE-1, TE-8, and KY-5) that have different percentages of Cancer Stem
Cells (CSCs).

Results:
Curcumin was significantly more effective than 5-FU in all three cell lines. It also had the greatest
effect on KY-5 cells, which have the highest CSC properties, consistent with the ability of curcumin to target
CSCs. Effects on ESCC cell proliferation were not detected from 40µM THCUR, a dosage above the IC50 of
curcumin and 5-FU. However, THCUR at this dosage in combination with 5-FU significantly suppressed TE-1
cell proliferation, but 5-FU alone did not. As TE-1 has low CSC properties relative to the two other cell lines, it
was expected to have the least resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments. Surprisingly, TE-1 was the most resistant
to inhibition by 5-FU.

Conclusion:
These results and the greater stability and water solubility of THCUR than curcumin support further
testing of THCUR in combination with standard treatments, particularly for chemoresistant ESCC. In contrast
to concerns that curcuminoids taken by patients through diet or diet supplements might interfere with chemotherapy,
suppression of 5-FU efficacy by curcumin was not observed.
Can the Diving Industry Promote Marine Conservation and Enhance Environmental Awareness? (Sal Island, Cape Verde Case)
Authors: Oliveira Miguel Tiago , Erzini Karim , Bentes Luís , Santos Miguel Neves 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:The growth in tourism in the Cape Verdean Sal Island has been a cause as well as a consequence of a number of investments (both by the State and the private entities) to create synergies for that sector, ensuring and promoting the island’s touristic attractiveness. Such increases in the number of visitors, allied with the island’s marine biodiversity - that make up much of its economic potential - have caused the growth of the diving industry, which has become one of the biggest attractions for tourists. In light of the scarcity of scientific studies on the impacts associated with this activity and means for diver engagement, the local diving operators have proposed the development of several tools.Method:An Underwater Species Identification Guide and four underwater routes were proposed for four popular scuba diving sites off Santa Maria Bay (Sal Island, Cape Verde): “Kwarcit”, “Sargo”, “Três Grutas” and “Tchuklassa”. To better understand how the diving industry could promote environmental education, conservation and enhance biodiversity awareness among divers, we also established the diver tourists’ profile using an online survey.Results:A total of 347 respondents, of which 85% have higher education, showed that 67% stay more than seven nights in Cape Verde. Moreover, natural reefs are the 1stdive site to be visited, while artificial reefs preference increases after a second dive on the man-made reefs. The majority would recommend the use of the Underwater Species Identification Guide and the underwater routes.The results showed that divers strongly embrace the use of new tools for better understanding of diving site biodiversity and that the diving industry can play an important role in the enhancement of biodiversity awareness.
Food-Web Structure and Functioning of Coastal Marine Ecosystems: Alvarado Lagoon and Adjacent Continental Shelf, Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Cruz-Escalona Víctor H. , Morales-Zárate María V. , Franco- López Jonathan , Abitia-Cárdenas Leonardo A. , Hernández-López Armando , Marín-Enríquez Emigdio , González-Acosta Adrián F. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:The aim of the present study was to develop a trophic model characterizing simultaneously the structure and function of the two coastal marine ecosystems: Alvarado Lagoon, Mexico and adjacent continental shelf, important area for penaeid shrimps and demersal fish species.Method:The model was based on the assumption of biomass balance and describes the trophic relationships, flows of energy, and transfer efficiency of the food web, and includes 66 functional groups.Results:Results shows that 33% of the aggregate biological community biomass comes mainly second and third trophic levels. Size of aggregate flows as well as the transfer effectiveness among groups, results like those saw in other similar works. Connectance index (CI) was 0.12, meaning that there is only 12% only of the total theoretical connections exist. Results also shows that primary producers and detritus (lagoon and shelf) contribute with 60.1% of the total ascendency. Our work can be the basis for future research, which allow us to contrast alternate hypotheses about the functioning of the system.