bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passos levinasianos rumo à evasão da teologia ocidental
Authors: Rosa Luis Carlos Dalla 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo abre espaço para discutir a relação entre teologia e ontologia, a partir da ética da alteridade de Emmanuel Lévinas. Trata-se de analisar e compreender o movimento de êxodo ou de evasão ética em relação à força ontológica, ao peso do ser, que impacta também à teologia. O sujeito, exposto à aventura do ser, é alguém cativo de si mesmo. Por outro lado, cabe refletir sobre algumas possíveis repercussões teológicas que emergem da epifania do rosto do/a Outro/a. Pois, embora Lévinas trilhe mais pelo caminho da filosofia, sua obra se deixa conduzir pela sabedoria bíblico-talmúdica. De modo que há, na ética levinasiana, um ressoar do teológico, uma espécie de ferida que lateja e testemunha um vestígio, um eco do Infinito no rosto da viúva, do órfão e do estrangeiro. A entrada de um/a Outro/a anuncia o tempo da esperança quando aparentemente já não há mais esperança. Então, o milagre que salva o mundo, anúncio de uma boa-nova que comunica o Verbo que se fez carne. Essa é também possibilidade do bem, da exposição – hospitalidade – do eis-me aqui e, então, envia-me.
Discipline in the Light of Alternative Ways of Educating Learners
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław 
Published: February 2019

Studie představuje analýzu konceptu kázně v alternativních školách ve světě. V rámci pedagogiky se dlouhodobě diskutuje problém role a místa kázně ve školním vzdělávání, jelikož existuje mnoho nedorozumění, protikladů a mýtů s tímto tématem spojených. Tento problém je většinou pojednáván fragmentárně nebo jednostranně podle toho, kdo je zastáncem jaká ideologie vzdělávání, tedy zda je proponent odpůrcem nebo zastáncem ukázňování žáků ve škole. Předkládaná studie se věnuje otázce, zda existuje rozdíl mezi názory a přístupy ve státních a alternativních školách. Navrhuji soustředit se na modely (ne)kázně ve škole podle toho, zda ji učitelé akceptují nebo ji naopak postrádají. Z předložených úvah na závěr dovozuji, že v dnešním globálním světě propojených významů, teorií, modelů, zkušeností a jednotlivých řešení nejsou alternativní školy příliš odlišné od některých škol státních.
A Framework for Building Safe and Effective School Environments: Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS)
Authors: Horner Robert H. , Macaya Manuel Monzalve 
Published: February 2019

Školy po celém světě se snaží vytvářet bezpečné a efektivní učební prostředí. Neustálou výzvou je agrese studentů, jejich nekázeň a absence. Tradičním přístupem k problémovému chování byl trest a náprava. V poslední době se ale objevují možnosti charakteristické pozitivním, proaktivním a komplexním přístupem. Pozitivní intervence a podpora chování (Positive Behavioral Interventions and Support; PBIS) je jedním z možných rámců, které spojují celoškolní preventivní přístup a víceúrovňovou podporu chování. Tato studie shrnuje logiku a základní znaky PBIS, výzkumnou literaturu týkající se realizovatelnosti a efektivnosti PBIS a také poznatky z implementace PBIS na více než 26 000 školách v USA. Diskuse se pak soustředí na problémy spojené s adaptací programu v odlišném kulturním prostředí mimo USA a v různých sociálních kontextech.
Molecular and topological reorganizations in mitochondrial architecture interplay during Bax-mediated steps of apoptosis
Authors: Ader Nicholas R , Hoffmann Patrick C , Ganeva Iva , Borgeaud Alicia C , Wang Chunxin , Youle Richard J , Kukulski Wanda 
Published: February 2019

During apoptosis, Bcl-2 proteins such as Bax and Bak mediate the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria by clustering on the outer mitochondrial membrane and thereby permeabilizing it. However, it remains unclear how outer membrane openings form. Here, we combined different correlative microscopy and electron cryo-tomography approaches to visualize the effects of Bax activity on mitochondria in human cells. Our data show that Bax clusters localize near outer membrane ruptures of highly variable size. Bax clusters contain structural elements suggesting a higher order organization of their components. Furthermore, unfolding of inner membrane cristae is coupled to changes in the supramolecular assembly of ATP synthases, particularly pronounced at membrane segments exposed to the cytosol by ruptures. Based on our results, we propose a comprehensive model in which molecular reorganizations of the inner membrane and sequestration of outer membrane components into Bax clusters interplay in the formation of outer membrane ruptures.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
A meta‐analysis of the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on witness recall
Authors: Jores Theo , Colloff Melissa F. , Kloft Lilian , Smailes Harriet , Flowe Heather D. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThere is widespread belief in the legal system that alcohol impairs witness testimony. Nevertheless, most laboratory studies examining the effects of alcohol on witness testimony suggest that alcohol may affect the number of correct but not incorrect details recalled. However, it is difficult to draw conclusions because sample sizes, testing paradigms, and recall measures vary between individual studies. We conducted a meta‐analysis to address this issue. We found alcohol intoxication had a significant and moderate sized effect on the number of correct details recalled (g = 0.40). The effect of alcohol on the number of incorrect details recalled was not significant. Further, the effect of alcohol on the recall of correct details was significantly moderated by multiple factors like intoxication level, the retention interval length between encoding and recall, and the types of questions asked (i.e., free recall vs. cued recall). We discuss the applied implications of the results.
Editorial for the Special Issue on Learning‐based Adaptive Control: Theory and Applications
Authors: Benosman Mouhacine , Lewis Frank L. , Guay Martin , Owens David 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe Special Issue presents results of current research on learning‐based adaptive methods, merging together model‐based and data‐driven adaptive approaches. The special issue contains two main types of contributions. The first type of papers presents new theoretical developments for learning‐based adaptive algorithms, while the second type focuses on challenging practical applications ranging from UAVs, and autonomous vehicles, to heating and ventilation systems. These papers are compiled in a special issue of the journal. To access all of the papers please follow the following link (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/10991115/2019/33/2).
Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis and Its Perspectives for Assembling Cells from the Bottom‐Up
Authors: Kai Lei , Schwille Petra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe underlying idea of synthetic biology is that biological reactions/modules/systems can be precisely engineered and controlled toward desired products. Numerous efforts in the past decades in deciphering the complexity of biological systems in vivo have led to a variety of tools for synthetic biology, especially based on recombinant DNA. However, one generic limitation of all living systems is that the vast majority of energy input is dedicated to maintain the system as a whole, rather than the small part of interest. Cell‐free synthetic biology is aiming at exactly this fundamental limitation, providing the next level of flexibility for engineering and designing biological systems in vitro. New technology has continuously inspired cell‐free biology and extended its applications, including gene circuits, spatiotemporally controlled pathways, coactivated catalysts systems, and rationally designed multienzyme pathways, in particular, minimal cell construction. In the context of this special issue, discussing work being carried out in the “MaxSynBio” consortium, the advances in characterizing stochasticity and dynamics of cell‐free protein synthesis within cell‐sized compartments, as well as the molecular crowding effect, are discussed. The organization of spatial heterogeneity is the key prerequisite for achieving hierarchy and stepwise assembly of minimal cells from the bottom‐up.
Multimodal Damage Detection in Self‐Sensing Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Crall Matthew D. , Laney Samuel G. , Keller Michael W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInternal delamination damage is detected in fiber reinforced polymer composite materials containing active functionality. Damage‐triggered magnetization of the delaminated zone is accomplished using a vascular system to deliver fluids that precipitate magnetic particles upon mixing. Multiple modes of detection are used to sense the presence of this magnetic material. Visual detection is accomplished by the high contrast between damaged and undamaged areas provided by the biomimetic “bruise” formed by the magnetic particles. Magnetic scanning is also used to detect the particles, even if obscured by paint or by opaque reinforcement, such as carbon fiber. Additionally, thermal detection is accomplished by inductively heating the magnetic particles and sensing the temperature differential with an infrared camera. The effectiveness of each detection mode is discussed and compared to industry standard C‐scan to assess accuracy. Using the damage area measured with C‐scan as the benchmark, visual detection measures the damage area with 76% accuracy, and magnetic detection measures the damage area with 91% accuracy. Thermal detection accuracy is time‐dependent as expected. All detection modes consistently detect the presence of damage. The multifunctionality of this material can tailor damage detection techniques for the application and provide a parallel system to augment and potentially enhance self‐healing.
High‐Color‐Rendering and High‐Efficiency White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Based on Double‐Doped Organic Single Crystals
Authors: Ding Ran , Dong Feng‐Xi , An Ming‐Hui , Wang Xue‐Peng , Wang Mo‐Ran , Li Xian‐Bin , Feng Jing , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganic single crystals with much higher carrier mobility and stability compared to the amorphous organic materials have shown great potential in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, their applications in white organic light‐emitting devices (WOLEDs), especially the three‐color‐strategy WOLEDs, have been hindered by the difficulties in fabricating complicated device structures. Here, double‐doped white‐emission organic single crystals are used as the active layers for the first time in the three‐color‐strategy WOLEDs by co‐doping the red and green dopants into blue host crystals. Precise control of the dopant concentration in the double‐doped crystals results in moderately partial energy transfer from the blue donor to the green and red dopants, and thereafter, simultaneous RGB emissions with balanced emission intensity. The highest color‐rendering index (CRI) and efficiency, to the best of the authors' knowledge, are obtained for the crystal‐based WOLEDs. The CRI of the WOLEDs varies between 80 and 89 with the increase of the driving current, and the luminance and current efficiency reach up to 793 cd m−2 and 0.89 cd A−1, respectively. The demonstration of the present three‐color organic single‐crystal‐based WOLED promotes the development of the single crystals in optoelectronics.
Dielectric–Semiconductor Interface Limits Charge Carrier Motion at Elevated Temperatures and Large Carrier Densities in a High‐Mobility Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Vladimirov Ilja , Müller Sebastian , Baumann Roelf‐Peter , Geßner Thomas , Molla Zahra , Grigorian Souren , Köhler Anna , Bässler Heinz , Pietsch Ullrich , Weitz Ralf Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe fundamental nature of charge transport in highly ordered organic semiconductors is under constant debate. At cryogenic temperatures, effects within the semiconductor such as traps or the interaction of charge carriers with the insulating substrate (dipolar disorder or Fröhlich polarons) are known to limit carrier motion. In comparison, at elevated temperatures, where charge carrier mobility often also decreases as function of temperature, phonon scattering or dynamic disorder are frequently discussed mechanisms, but the exact microscopic cause that limits carrier motion is debated. Here, the mobility in the temperature range between 200 and 420 K as function of carrier density is explored in highly ordered perylene‐diimide from 3 to 9 nm thin films. It is observed that above room temperature increasing the gate electric field or decreasing the semiconducting film thickness leads to a suppression of the charge carrier mobility. Via X‐ray diffraction measurements at various temperatures and electric fields, changes of the thin film structure are excluded as cause for the observed mobility decrease. The experimental findings point toward scattering sites or traps at the semiconductor–dielectric interface, or in the dielectric as limiting factor for carrier mobility, whose role is usually neglected at elevated temperatures.
Van der Waals Bipolar Junction Transistor Using Vertically Stacked Two‐Dimensional Atomic Crystals
Authors: Liu Liwei , Xu Ningsheng , Zhang Yu , Zhao Peng , Chen Huanjun , Deng Shaozhi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe majority of microelectronic devices rely on a p‐n junction. The process of making such a junction is complicated, and it is difficult to make layers that form a junction with an atomic thickness. In this study, bipolar junctions are made by using 2D atomic crystalline layers and even a single layer in which 2D layers adhere together to form a heterostructure via van der Waals forces. A vertical 2D bipolar junction transistor (V2D‐BJT) is studied for the first time. It uses an MoS2/WSe2/MoS2 heterostructure and has an n‐p‐n configuration that exhibits a maximum common‐base current gain of ≈0.97 and a stable common‐emitter current gain (β) of 12 with a nanowatt power consumption. In the first attempt at gas sensing, it shows outstanding performance, exhibiting a very fast response and recovery time (9 and 35 s, respectively) with a power dissipation of only 2 nW. This study demonstrates the potential application of the V2D‐BJT in nanowatt power amplifiers as well as fast‐response and low‐power gas sensors.
A Unified View on Nanoscale Packing, Connectivity, and Conductivity of CNT Networks
Authors: Gnanasekaran Karthikeyan , Grimaldi Claudio , de With Gijsbertus , Friedrich Heiner 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe design of functional structures from primary building blocks requires a thorough understanding of how size, shape, and particle–particle interactions steer the assembly process. Specifically, for electrically conductive networks build from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) combining macroscopic characterization and simulations shows that the achievable conductivity is mainly governed by CNT aspect ratio, length dispersity and attractive interactions. However, a direct link between the actual 3D network topology that leads to the observed electrical conductivity has not been established yet due to a lack in nanoscale experimental approaches. Here it is shown experimentally for randomly packed (jammed) CNT networks that the CNT aspect ratio determines, as theoretically predicted, the contact number per CNT which in turn scales linearly with the resulting electrical conductivity of the CNT network. Furthermore, nanoscale packing density, contact areas, contact distribution in random and nonrandom configurations, and least resistance pathways are quantified. The results illustrate how complex nanoscale networks can be imaged and quantified in 3D to understand and model their functional properties in a bottom‐up fashion.
Thermoresponsive Graphene Membranes with Reversible Gating Regularity for Smart Fluid Control
Authors: Liu Jingchong , Yu Li‐Juan , Yue Guichu , Wang Nü , Cui Zhimin , Hou Lanlan , Li Jihao , Li Qingzhong , Karton Amir , Cheng Qunfeng , Jiang Lei , Zhao Yong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrecisely regulating water and molecule permeation through membranes is of crucial significance in broad domains such as water filtration and smart reactors. Comparing with routine stiff membranes, stimuli‐response polymers endow porous membranes with various gating properties, but most of these membranes have only one‐way gating performance, that is, either positive or negative. Here poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) grafted graphene oxide (GO) membranes with reversible positive/negative gating regularity are constructed by simply tuning the molecule grafting density. The water and small molecule permeance of the membranes can be regulated by adjusting environment temperature. Based on this tunable thermoresponsive gating regularity, a bidirectional fluidic controlling system is designed by integrating a positive membrane and a negative membrane, which can be employed as a self‐adaptive gating reactor. This strategy provides an insight into constructing smart gating membranes with extraordinary properties, showing promising applications in micro/nanofluidic valves and temperature sensitive biochemical reactors.
Stable α‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanowire Arrays with Preferential Crystallographic Orientation for Highly Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Gaosong , Feng Jiangang , Gao Hanfei , Zhao Yingjie , Pi Yueyang , Jiang Xiangyu , Wu Yuchen , Jiang Lei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAll‐inorganic metal‐halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) exhibit higher stability than their organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts, but the thermodynamically instable perovskite α phase at room temperature of CsPbI3 restricts the practical optoelectronic applications. Although the stabilization of α‐CsPbI3 polycrystalline thin films is extensively studied, the creation of highly crystalline micro/nanostructures of α‐CsPbI3 with large grain size and suppressed grain boundary remains challenging, which impedes the implementations of α‐CsPbI3 for lateral devices, such as photoconductor‐type photodetectors. In this work, stable α‐CsPbI3 perovskite nanowire arrays are demonstrated with large grain size, high crystallinity, regulated alignment, and position by controlling the dewetting dynamics of precursor solution on an asymmetric‐wettability topographical template. The correlation between the higher photoluminescence (PL) intensity and longer PL lifetime indicates the nanowires exhibit stable α phase and suppressed trap density. The preferential (100) orientation is characterized by discrete diffraction spots in grazing incidence wide‐angle scattering patterns, suggesting the long‐range crystallographic order of these nanowires. Based on these high‐quality nanowire arrays, highly sensitive photodetectors are realized with a responsivity of 1294 A W−1 and long‐term stability with 90% performance retention after 30‐day ambient storage.
Boosting Visible Light Harvesting in p‐Type Ternary Oxides for Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Conversion Using Inverse Opal Structure
Authors: Oh Yunjung , Yang Wooseok , Tan Jeiwan , Lee Hyungsoo , Park Jaemin , Moon Jooho 
Published: February 2019

AbstractP‐type semiconductors based on ternary oxides have attracted wide interest owing to their earth‐crust abundance and favorable optoelectronic properties. Among the p‐type ternary oxides, delafossite‐phase CuFeO2 has received considerable attention because it has the potential to fully harness visible light (<800 nm) owing to its narrow bandgap (1.4–1.6 eV). Despite the favorable optoelectronic properties predicted by theoretical studies, CuFeO2 photocathodes have low quantum efficiency under visible light near the bandgap edge, which is a major bottleneck for efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion. Herein, a novel method is presented for boosting visible‐light harvesting in the CuFeO2 photocathode by employing an inverse opal structure as a periodic macrostructure. The periodic macroporous structure allows exceptional near‐bandgap photon harvesting, particularly within the range of 600–700 nm, owing to the enhanced light absorption due to multiple scattering together with the short diffusion distance for minority carriers toward the electrolyte. After surface modification with a low‐cost double hydroxide electrocatalyst, our CuFeO2‐based photocathode exhibits a record‐breaking photocurrent density of 5.2 mA cm−2 at −0.1 V with respect to the reversible hydrogen electrode for water reduction among p‐type ternary oxide‐based photocathodes.
Mechanical and Electric Control of Photonic Modes in Random Dielectrics
Authors: Balestri Dario , Petruzzella Maurangelo , Checcucci Simona , Intonti Francesca , Caselli Niccolò , Sgrignuoli Fabrizio , van Otten Frank W. M. , Fiore Andrea , Gurioli Massimo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRandom dielectrics defines a class of non‐absorbing materials where the index of refraction is randomly arranged in space. Whenever the transport mean free path is sufficiently small, light can be confined in modes with very small volume. Random photonic modes have been investigated for their basic physical insights, such as Anderson localization, and recently several applications have been envisioned in the field of renewable energies, telecommunications, and quantum electrodynamics. An advantage for optoelectronics and quantum source integration offered by random systems is their high density of photonic modes, which span a large range of spectral resonances and spatial distributions, thus increasing the probability to match randomly distributed emitters. Conversely, the main disadvantage is the lack of deterministic engineering of one or more of the many random photonic modes achieved. This issue is solved by demonstrating the capability to electrically and mechanically control the random modes at telecom wavelengths in a 2D double membrane system. Very large and reversible mode tuning (up to 50 nm), both toward shorter or longer wavelength, is obtained for random modes with modal volumes of the order of few tens of (λ/n)3.
Effect of the Device Architecture on the Performance of FA0.85MA0.15PbBr0.45I2.55 Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Adjokatse Sampson , Kardula Jane , Fang Hong‐Hua , Shao Shuyan , ten Brink Gert H. , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted an unprecedented research attention due to their skyrocketing record power conversion efficiency (PCE), which now exceeds 23% in less than a decade from the initial PCE of 3.8%. Besides the excellent optoelectronic properties of the perovskite absorbers, the high efficiencies are also dependent on preparation methods and advanced device engineering. In this study, the role of the device architecture (planar n‐i‐p vs inverted p‐i‐n structure) and of the charge‐selective interlayer on the photophysical properties of the perovskite absorber and device performance are explored. FA0.85MA0.15PbBr0.45I2.55 (MA = methylammonium, FA = formamidinium) as the perovskite absorber and chloride‐capped TiO2 colloidal nanocrystals (TiO2‐Cl) and poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as close‐to‐the‐substrate layers in the conventional and inverted structures are employed, respectively. Extremely different device performances are demonstrated by the two structures. The device where the active layer is deposited on TiO2‐Cl displays a champion PCE of 19.9%, while the one using PEDOT:PSS gives about 15.1% efficiency. The photophysical and electrical investigations indicate that the TiO2‐Cl/perovskite interface has lower number of traps, underlining the importance of interfaces for achieving highly performing perovskite solar cells.