bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twelve‐Armed Hexaphenylbenzene‐Based Giant Supramolecular Framework for Entrapping Guest Molecules
Authors: Madhu Suresh , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Das Tamal , Vanka Kumar , Sanjayan Gangadhar J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHost‐guest chemistry is a functional model in supramolecular chemistry for understanding specific process occurring in biological systems. Herein, we describe a rationally designed giant multiarmed hexaphenylbenzene (HPB)‐based supramolecular frameworks which encapsulate a variety of guest molecules in the voids of their crystal lattice through the cooperative interplay of multivalency, noncovalent forces and backbone rigidity. In this connection, pseudo‐axially substituted twelve‐armed hexaphenylbenzene was synthesized and its molecular entrapping nature was studied by varying number of H‐bond donor‐acceptor sites in the arms. The per‐methyl esterified HPB acted as a cavitand to include nonpolar and polar aprotic guests in its crystal structure via C−H⋅⋅⋅π, C−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅N interactions. The corresponding amidated HPB showed unprecedented inclusion of ammonia and segregation of the guest molecules according to their polarity in the lattice. Furthermore, this molecular entrapping system has been used to obtain the crystal structure of a hitherto unproven 2‐azaallenium intermediate, which had been proposed to be involved in aminomethylation of activated arenes.
Social recommendation between urban vehicular social communities
Authors: Liu Lianggui , Wang Lingmin , Sun Hui , Jia Huiling 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn recent years, social recommendation between communities plays a more and more significant role in urban vehicular social networks. It has become a hot research topic due to its advantage in enhancing the efficiency of information sharing and transmission in urban vehicular social networks. This paper focuses on social recommendation between communities where achieving the optimal configuration of social recommendation is NP‐hard. We proposed an algorithm for the near optimal configuration of social recommendation between urban vehicular social communities (ANOCSR) to make this NP‐hard problem polynomially solvable based on a modified Steiner minimal tree method. Moreover, with the help of the ANOCSR, we propose another algorithm to achieve the optimal configuration of social recommendation between urban vehicular social communities subject to a global external trust value constraint (AOCSRC). We demonstrate that our algorithms are more efficient and effective than existing algorithms through extensive experiments and detailed theoretical analyses.
Extreme group sizes in a colonial bird favored during a rare climatic event
Authors: Brown Charles R. , Brown Mary Bomberger 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhat maintains stasis in animal group‐size distributions is an unresolved problem in behavioral ecology. One potential driver could be rare climatic events that favor certain group sizes in ways that do not occur in normal conditions. We investigated mortality among colonially nesting cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) during a rare climatic event in western Nebraska in 1996 that led to the starvation of thousands of adult birds. Colonies at the extreme end of the size distribution exhibited less size reduction (higher adult survival) than those of intermediate size. That this event resulted in disruptive selection on colony size was suggested by an underrepresentation of locally produced yearling birds that recruited into colonies of intermediate size the following year. There was no evidence that the colony‐size‐related mortality could be explained by differential sorting of birds among colonies based on body size or differing patterns of selection on morphology. The selection on colony size was likely driven by lower competition for food in the smallest colonies and better quality foraging habitat associated with the largest colonies, with these advantages enhanced in severe weather. Selection on colony size during rare climatic events can reinforce or oppose selection occurring during other times of the annual cycle. Whether such selection results in long‐term change in the colony‐size distribution may depend on the frequency and severity of these climatic events.
Telemedical Interventional Management in Heart Failure II (TIM‐HF2), a randomised, controlled trial investigating the impact of telemedicine on unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations and mortality in heart failure patients: study design and description of the intervention
Authors: Koehler Friedrich , Koehler Kerstin , Deckwart Oliver , Prescher Sandra , Wegscheider Karl , Winkler Sebastian , Vettorazzi Eik , Polze Andreas , Stangl Karl , Hartmann Oliver , Marx Almuth , Neuhaus Petra , Scherf Michael , Kirwan Bridget‐Anne , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a complex, chronic condition that is associated with debilitating symptoms, all of which necessitate close follow‐up by health care providers. Lack of disease monitoring may result in increased mortality and more frequent hospital readmissions for decompensated HF. Remote patient management (RPM) in this patient population may help to detect early signs and symptoms of cardiac decompensation, thus enabling a prompt initiation of the appropriate treatment and care before a manifestation of HF decompensation.ObjectiveThe objective of the present article is to describe the design of a new trial investigating the impact of RPM on unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations and mortality in HF patients.MethodsThe TIM‐HF2 trial is designed as a prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel group, open (with randomisation concealment), multicentre trial with pragmatic elements introduced for data collection. Eligible patients with HF are randomised (1:1) to either RPM + usual care or to usual care only and are followed for 12 months. The primary outcome is the percentage of days lost due to unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations or all‐cause death. The main secondary outcomes are all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionThe TIM‐HF2 trial will provide important prospective data on the potential beneficial effect of telemedical monitoring and RPM on unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations and mortality in HF patients.Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01878630.
Trapping DNA with a high throughput microfluidic device
Authors: Montes Ryan J. , Butler Jason E. , Ladd Anthony J. C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLong strands of DNA can be trapped and concentrated near the inlet of a microfluidic channel by applying a pressure gradient and an opposing electric field. The mechanism for trapping involves a migration of DNA perpendicular to both the fluid flow and the electric field. Migration leads to a highly nonuniform distribution of DNA within a cross section of the channel, with the bulk of the DNA concentrated in a thin (10 μm) layer next to the walls of the channel. This highly concentrated layer generates an electrophoretic flux toward the inlet to the device, despite the much larger fluid flow in the opposite direction. In this paper, the extent to which DNA can be trapped and concentrated by this means has been characterized by fluorescence measurements. At short times (<2 hours) nearly all the incoming DNA remains trapped within the device until the electric field is turned off. The DNA largely accumulates near the inlet, but after 30–60 minutes additional DNA starts to accumulate deeper into the channel. Eventually DNA leaks from the device itself, but ≈80% of the incoming DNA can be retained for up to 5 hours. Optimizing the electric field strength can increase the amount of DNA that can be trapped, but the efficiency is not affected by the channel cross‐section.
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy of aqueous micellar electrolyte solutions: A novel application to infer Dukhin number and zeta potential of a micelle
Authors: Khademi Mahmoud , Barz Dominik P. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe complex permittivities of aqueous SDS solutions, with and without the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl), are measured in the frequency range from 200 MHz to 14 GHz. The SDS concentrations are chosen such that the SDS molecules aggregate to micelles. In this frequency range, the measured spectra allow for the identification of two different relaxation processes. That is, the relaxation of the water molecules at frequencies above 1 GHz and the micellar relaxation at frequencies lower than 1 GHz. It is found that the addition of NaCl to the system mostly affects the micellar relaxation process. In detail, the time constant as well as the amplitude of the relaxation decrease by adding NaCl. These effects are attributed to the change in the solution conductivity that changes the properties of the micelle's electrical double layer. We also extract the Dukhin number of the micelles as a function of surfactant and electrolyte content from the measurements. The Dukhin number is a dimensionless group that describes the influence of the surface conductivity on a phenomena. A regression between Dukhin numbers and free sodium ions is found so that all data collapses on a single curve independent of the surfactant concentration. The surface conductivity is a manifestation of the electrical double layer and we use the Bikerman equation to infer the zeta potential of the micelles. Comparison to literature data shows very good agreement and proves that dielectric relaxation spectroscopy can be engaged to infer the zeta potential of micelles. Abbreviations: CMC critical micelle concentration, DRS dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, EDL electrical double layer
Model aggregation using optimal transport and applications in wind speed forecasting
Authors: Papayiannis G. I. , Galanis G. N. , Yannacopoulos A. N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn several environmental affected socio‐economic activities, including renewable energy site assessment, search and rescue operations, and local microclimate modeling, the need of very local wind speed prediction is critical and not completely covered by the use of numerical weather prediction models. In meteorology and, particularly, in wind speed prediction, the spatial location of the prediction does not coincide with the spatial locations where numerical models provide estimates of the relevant quantity (which are typically grid points used for the numerical resolution of the wind transport equations). Hence, the important problem of constructing a predictive model for the wind speed at the required location using a combination of actual measurements and model predictions arises. This problem is far from trivial on account of the fact that measurements and predictions do not refer to the same quantity for the reason that typical grid points for the numerical scheme that provide model predictions and the location of the meteorological stations that provide measurements do not coincide. In this work, a new approach is proposed based on optimal transportation theory for the aggregation of model predictions and measurements for the construction of an optimal predictor for wind speed at the location of interest. Our model provides a linear predictive model in the space of probability distributions of the predictors (Wasserstein space), which is then mapped into observation space using a generalized quantile regression technique. Importantly, the proposed scheme allows also for the construction of zone monitoring the extremes, which when applied to real data, provides superior results with respect to other existing methods.
What controls submarine channel development and the morphology of deltas entering deep‐water fjords?
Authors: Gales Jenny A. , Talling Peter J. , Cartigny Matthieu J.B. , Hughes Clarke John , Lintern Gwyn , Stacey Cooper , Clare Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRiver deltas and associated turbidity current systems produce some of the largest and most rapid sediment accumulations on our planet. These systems bury globally significant volumes of organic carbon and determine the runout distance of potentially hazardous sediment flows and the shape of their deposits. Here we seek to understand the main factors that determine the morphology of turbidity current systems linked to deltas in fjords, and why some locations have well developed submarine channels while others do not. Deltas and associated turbidity current systems are analysed initially in five fjord systems from British Columbia in Canada, and then more widely. This provides the basis for a general classification of delta and turbidity current system types, where rivers enter relatively deep (>200 m) water. Fjord‐delta area is found to be strongly bimodal. Avalanching of coarse‐grained bedload delivered by steep mountainous rivers produces small Gilbert‐type fan deltas, whose steep gradient (11°–25°) approaches the sediment's angle of repose. Bigger fjord‐head deltas are associated with much larger and finer‐grained rivers. These deltas have much lower gradients (1.5°–10°) that decrease offshore in a near exponential fashion. The lengths of turbidity current channels are highly variable, even in settings fed by rivers with similar discharges. This may be due to resetting of channel systems by delta‐top channel avulsions or major offshore landslides, as well as the amount and rate of sediment supplied to the delta front by rivers. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved method for implementing contact angle condition in simulation of liquid sloshing under microgravity
Authors: Tang Yong , Yue Baozeng , Yan Yulong 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe finite element simulation of liquid sloshing under microgravity is focused on in this paper. For this class of flows, an important issue is to implement the contact angle boundary condition appropriately. A novel method of adding infinitely small free‐surface mesh just adjacent to the contact line is proposed here, which coincides with the physical definition of the contact angle. This free‐surface mesh has its orientation determined according to the contact angle, and the mean curvature at the contact line can be computed using this orientation. Hence, surface tension force can be computed and incorporated as an essential boundary condition into the pressure solve. This method is convenient to be applied in three‐dimensional simulations, and the use of relatively coarse meshes near the contact line is allowed. In order to validate the proposed method, several numerical simulations of flows in two‐dimensional circular and three‐dimensional cylindrical and spherical containers are presented, including calculation of equilibrium positions of the free surfaces, unsteady flows of liquid reorientation, and large‐amplitude nonlinear liquid sloshing under lateral excitation in microgravity. Parts of the numerical results are compared with the theoretical and published experimental results.
Next generation sequencing of the cellular and liquid fraction of pancreatic cyst fluid supports discrimination of IPMN from pseudocysts and reveals cases with multiple mutated driver clones: First findings from the prospective ZYSTEUS biomarker study
Authors: Volckmar Anna‐Lena , Endris Volker , Gaida Matthias M. , Leichsenring Jonas , Stögbauer Fabian , Allgäuer Michael , von Winterfeld Moritz , Penzel Roland , Kirchner Martina , Brandt Regine , Neumann Olaf , Sültmann Holger , Schirmacher Peter , Rudi Jochen , Schmitz Daniel , Stenzinger Albrecht 
Published: September 2018

AbstractApproximately half of all pancreatic cysts are neoplastic, mainly comprising intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), which can progress to invasive carcinoma. Current Fukuoka guidelines have limited sensitivity and specificity in predicting progression of asymptomatic pancreatic cysts. We present first results of the prospective ZYSTEUS biomarker study investigating (i) whether detection of driver mutations in IPMN by liquid biopsy is technically feasible, (ii) which compartment of IPMN is most suitable for analysis, and (iii) implications for clinical diagnostics. Twenty‐two patients with clinical inclusion criteria were enrolled in ZYSTEUS. Fifteen cases underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and cytological diagnostics. Cellular and liquid fraction of the cysts of each case were separated and subjected to deep targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). Clinical parameters, imaging findings (EUS and MRI), and follow‐up data were collected continuously. All IPMN cases (n = 12) showed at least one mutation in either KRAS (n = 11) or GNAS (n = 4). Three cases showed both KRAS and GNAS mutations. Six cases harbored multiple KRAS/GNAS mutations. In the three cases with pseudocysts, no KRAS or GNAS mutations were detected. DNA yields were higher and showed higher mutation diversity in the cellular fraction. In conclusion, mutation detection in pancreatic cyst fluid is technically feasible with more robust results in the cellular than in the liquid fraction. Current results suggest that, together with imaging, targeted sequencing supports discrimination of IPMN from pseudocysts. The prospective design of ZYSTEUS will provide insight into diagnostic value of NGS in preoperative risk stratification. Our data provide evidence for an oligoclonal nature of IPMN.
Prevalence rates of arthritis among US older adults with varying degrees of depression: Findings from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Brooks Jessica M. , Titus Alexander J. , Polenick Courtney A. , Orzechowski Nicole M. , Reid Manney Carrington , MacKenzie Todd A. , Bartels Stephen J. , Batsis John A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveArthritis and depressive symptoms often interact and negatively influence one another to worsen mental and physical health outcomes. Better characterization of arthritis rates among older adults with different levels of depressive symptoms is an important step toward informing mental health professionals of the need to detect and respond to arthritis and related mental health complications. The primary objective is to determine arthritis rates among US older adults with varying degrees of depression.MethodsUsing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 data (N = 4792), we first identified participants aged ≥50 years. Measures screened for depressive symptoms and self‐reported doctor‐diagnosed arthritis. Weighted logistic regression models were conducted.ResultsPrevalence of arthritis was 55.0%, 62.9%, and 67.8% in participants with minor, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. In both unadjusted and adjusted regression models, a significant association between moderate depression and arthritis persisted. There were also significant associations between minor and severe depression with arthritis.ConclusionsArthritis is commonly reported in participants with varying degrees of depression. This study highlights the importance of screening for and treating arthritis‐related pain in older adults with depressive symptoms and the need for future geriatric psychiatry research on developing integrated biopsychosocial interventions for these common conditions.
Intraoperative hypotension and flap loss in free tissue transfer surgery of the head and neck
Authors: Kass Jason L. , Lakha Sameer , Levin Matthew A. , Joseph Thomas , Lin Hung‐Mo , Genden Eric M. , Teng Marita S. , Miles Brett A. , DeMaria Samuel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn free flap head and neck reconstructions, hemodynamic management is complicated by the deleterious effects of excessive crystalloid administration. Patients may undergo periods of hypotension or excess fluid administration. The purpose of this study was to present our examination of the hypotheses that intraoperative hypotension and blood pressure lability are associated with increased fluid administration and flap failure.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 445 patients undergoing head and neck surgery involving free tissue transfer. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the relationship between hemodynamic variables and flap loss (primary outcome) and other complications.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, intraoperative hypotension and large‐volume fluid administration were associated with flap loss. Neither blood pressure lability nor vasopressor administration was significantly associated to our primary outcome.ConclusionsIntraoperative hypotension is associated to flap failure in head and neck free tissue transfer surgeries, as is large‐volume fluid administration.
Assessing the effect of triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate on tissue repair in 3D organotypic cultures
Authors: Tigani Elise K. , Skrtic Drago , Valerio Michael S. , Kaufman Gili 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLeachables from dental restoratives induce toxicity in gingival and pulp tissues and affect tissue regeneration/healing. Appropriate testing of these materials requires a platform that mimics the in vivo environment and allows the architectural self‐assembly of cells into tissue constructs. In this study, we employ a new 3D model to assess the impact of triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) on early organization and advanced recruitment/accumulation of immortalized mouse gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and dental papilla mesenchymal cells (DPMCs) in extracellular matrix. We hypothesize that TEGDMA (1) interferes with the developmental architecture of GFs and DPMCs, and (2) inhibits the deposition of mineral. To test these hypotheses, GFs and DPMCs were incubated with the soluble TEGDMA at concentrations (0‐2.5) mmol/L. Diameter and thickness of the constructs were determined by microscopic analysis. Cell differentiation was assessed by immunocytochemistry and the secreted mineral detected by alizarin‐red staining. TEGDMA interfered with the development of GFs and/or DPMCs microtissues in a dose‐dependent manner by inhibiting growth of inter‐spherical cell layers and decreasing spheroid size (four to six times). At low/moderate TEGDMA levels, GFs organoids retained their structures while reducing thickness up to 21%. In contrast, at low TEGDMA doses, architecture of DPMC organoids was altered and thickness decreased almost twofold. Overall, developmental ability of TEGDMA‐exposed GFs and DPMCs depended on TEGDMA level. GFs constructs were more resistant to structural modifications. The employed 3D platform was proven as an efficient tool for quantifying the effects of leachables on tissue repair capacities of gingiva and dental pulp.