bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Communities, Atomistic Societies and Loneliness
Authors: Mijuskovic Ben Lazare 
Published: November 2024

The article distinguishes two models of human organization: the organic community and the atomistic society. It maintains that the organic paradigm stresses (a) the ideal unity of the whole; (b) internal relations; (c) teleological or dialectical processes; (d) co- or inter-dependent members (e. g. the human body or face); (e) a role-orientation; (f) living functions; (g) freedom defined as doing as you should; and (h) qualitative factors prevail. By contrast, the atomistic model emphasizes (a) the value of individual freedom; (b) external relations; (c) mechanical or causal explanations; (d) separate “parts”(e.g. a machine); (e) a rule orientation; (f) formal, legal, or artificial frameworks; (g) freedom defined as doing as you please; and (h) quantitative factors prevail. The article contends that the sense of individual loneliness or alienation experienced is generally much greater in the atomistic society. And since both the American family and its surrounding society are, in the main, atomisticly-structured, it follows that loneliness is more pronounced and prevalent in American society. The article concludes by offering some programmatic ideals and measures to reverse and mitigate the present tendency toward increasing loneliness in the United States.
Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Decision-Making: Evidence from Entrepreneurs and Investors
Authors: Csaszar Felipe A. , Ketkar Harsh , Kim Hyunjin 
Published: November 2024

This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) may impact the strategic decision-making (SDM) process in firms. We illustrate how AI could augment existing SDM tools and provide empirical evidence from a leading accelerator program and a start-up competition that current large language models can generate and evaluate strategies at a level comparable to entrepreneurs and investors. We then examine implications for the key cognitive processes underlying SDM—search, representation, and aggregation. Our analysis suggests that AI has the potential to enhance the speed, quality, and scale of strategic analysis, while also enabling new approaches, like virtual strategy simulations. However, the ultimate impact on firm performance will depend on competitive dynamics as AI capabilities progress. We propose a framework connecting AI use in SDM to firm outcomes and discuss how AI may reshape sources of competitive advantage. We conclude by considering how AI could both support and challenge core tenets of the theory-based view of strategy. Overall, our work maps out an emerging research frontier at the intersection of AI and strategy. History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Theory-Based View. Funding: The authors are grateful to their collaborating organizations and to the University of Michigan, Bocconi University Junior Researchers’ Grant, and the INSEAD eLab Research Fund for financial support.
A Survey on Surgical Site Infections Prevention Guidelines Knowledge and Implementation Level of Trauma Centre Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Nepravishta Eris , Topi Skënder , Toçi Ervin , Nepravishta Ervin , Kapaj Armela 
Published: November 2024

Aims/Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) significantly influence patient safety and healthcare quality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the burden is most evident. This manuscript aims to evaluate the awareness and adherence to SSI prevention guidelines among healthcare providers at a tertiary trauma centre situated in Tirana, Albania. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among practising surgeons, residents and nurses of Trauma University Hospital, Tirana. The questionnaire explores awareness, attitudes and practices towards SSI prevention in preoperative, perioperative and postoperative phases. Results The participants demonstrated a high level of patient education about SSI risks (91.9%), but lower adherence to individual prevention practices. Conclusion Despite adequate knowledge, there remains a significant gap in the implementation of SSI prevention guidelines. Strengthening continuous medical education is crucial to addressing systemic barriers, improving compliance with guidelines, and decreasing SSI rates.
Application of Intelligent Management Model Based on Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome During Immunotherapy in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Cuizhen , Wu Danna 
Published: November 2024

Aims/Background Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, which seriously affects the health of patients. Immunotherapy is a commonly used clinical treatment for gastric cancer, but the adverse events caused by it seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to control and manage the disease risk of patients during immunotherapy. To explore the effect of applying an intelligent management model based on electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) in patients with gastric cancer during immunotherapy. Methods The clinical data of 184 gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy in The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2021 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety patients receiving ePRO-based intelligent management were selected, and 85 patients were included in the observation group after excluding 5 patients. For the reference group, 94 patients receiving common case management were selected, with 90 patients being included after excluding 4 patients. After 6 months of follow-up, the nutritional status score, quality of life, treatment compliance and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results No significant difference was detected in nutritional status and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scores of the patients before discharge (p > 0.05). After 2 months of follow-up, compared with the reference group, the observation group had a higher proportion of patients in grade A and grade B, which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), and significantly higher physiological and psychological scores (p < 0.001), but showed no meaningful differences in other fields (p > 0.05). After 4 months of follow-up, the nutritional status in the observation group was significantly improved (p < 0.05), and the subjects displayed higher WHOQOL-BREF scores (p < 0.05) than those in the reference group. No significant difference in the incidence of adverse events was detected (p > 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the treatment compliance of the observation group was 83.53%, which was significantly higher than that of the reference group (70.00%; p < 0.05). Conclusion The intelligent management model based on ePRO is conducive to improving the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer during immunotherapy, as well as enhancing their quality of life and treatment compliance, making it worthy of clinical application.
Impact of Propofol Administered before Extubation on Respiratory Adverse Events in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liao Ruting , Zhou Zhijian , Wang Xuan , Shao Huiying 
Published: November 2024

Aims/Background Perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) are common in pediatric anesthesia, especially in otolaryngology procedures. In this randomized controlled trial, we investigated the impact of administering propofol before extubation on PRAEs in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Methods We enrolled children aged 3 to 8 years old, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes I to III, scheduled for tonsillectomy, and randomly divided them into propofol and control groups. The subjects in the propofol group received multiple small doses of propofol (0.5 mg/kg per dose, total 1–2 mg/kg) until the patient resumed regular spontaneous breathing and exhibited no bodily movements. The subjects in the control group received 0.15 mL/kg of saline. The primary outcome was the rate of PRAEs, such as laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath-holding spell, severe coughing, desaturation, and airway obstruction, post-extubation. The secondary outcomes were the extubation time, pre-extubation Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration at extubation, incidence of postoperative agitation, time to consciousness, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) pain score in the recovery room. Results were reported with risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), as well as the p-values indicating statistical significance. Results A total of 239 patients were included, including 119 in the propofol group and 120 in the control group. Our findings indicated no significant difference in the rate of PRAEs between the two groups (5.9% vs 10.8%, RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.31, p = 0.17). However, the propofol group showed a notable decrease in moderate to severe coughs (13.4% vs 60.0%, RR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.36, p < 0.001) and postoperative agitation (4.2% vs 60.8%, RR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.17, p < 0.001). Conclusion This trial demonstrated that while administering repeated small doses of propofol before extubation does not significantly reduce respiratory adverse events in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, it does significantly reduce the incidence of severe coughing, improving postoperative recovery and clinical outcomes. Moreover, propofol helps reduce postoperative agitation, enhancing the safety and effectiveness of postoperative care, and maintaining its valuable clinical role in postoperative management. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT05769842 ).
Frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator with fundamental frequency signal cancellation
Authors: Xu Enming , Shi Zhenyang , Shan Qian , Liu Jiaao , Zhang Zuxing 
Published: November 2024

A frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with fundamental frequency signal cancellation based on a dual-polarization Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPol-MZM) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed structure, two different modulation modes can be utilized to realize the frequency-doubling OEO. One is the carrier-suppressed double-sideband (CS-DSB) modulation, and the other is double-sideband (DSB) modulation. In both cases, one path is used to achieve the fundamental frequency oscillation in the OEO loop through the utilization of an equivalent or conventional DSB modulation, and the other path is employed to realize the frequency-doubled signal. In the realization of the frequency-doubled signal, the fundamental frequency signal can be cancelled by introducing an additional pure optical carrier with proper power and its polarization direction opposite to that of the modulated optical signal. A high sideband suppression ratio of the frequency-doubled signal up to 40 dB is achieved.
Fluorescence-signal imaging polarimetry for characterization of Mexican honeys
Authors: López-Téllez Juan Manuel , Frausto-Reyes Claudio , Ortiz-Morales M. , De La Torre-I. Manuel H. , Valenzuela-Gonzalez Ricardo , Casillas Rafael 
Published: November 2024

A methodology that combines fluorescence spectroscopy, image polarimetry, and an analytical technique for processing experimental data to characterize and classify Mexican monofloral and multifloral honey is presented. Honey samples were excited with a 397 nm laser beam to produce a fluorescence signal, polarization images were acquired using a polarized CMOS sensor to perform polarimetric measurements, and a spectrometer was employed for measuring the produced fluorescence spectra. Image-based measurements are more appropriate for studying crystalized honey samples than point-signal measurements. Honey fluorescence produces partially polarized light when excited with linearly polarized light. According to our results, the degree of linear polarization is related to the botanical origin of the honey samples and their crystallization state. Three different classification methods are presented, and the results indicate a good agreement among them.
Demonstration of a three-node wavelength division multiplexed hybrid quantum-classical network through multicore fiber
Authors: Dugre Joshua , Fritsch Samuel , Mohan R. Krishna 
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the practical development of a hybrid quantum-classical network through multiple links of four- and seven-core industrial jacketed multicore fiber. The network utilizes dense wavelength division multiplexing to propagate the C-band quantum and classical information in the same core, making full use of the unidirectional nature of quantum key distribution. Total network transmission of 1.16 Tbps is achieved with a total network secret key rate of approximately 7.4 kbps through a combination of 1 and 2 km links of multicore fiber. The deployment configurations presented are independent of the classical modulation format, and the maximal transmission rate for an operational hybrid network is found to be dependent only on classical optical power occupying the quantum channel wavelength. A model was developed to estimate the impact classical optical channels will have on coexisting quantum channels, which may allow engineers to quickly validate hybrid network designs.
Differential absorption laser spectroscopy at 8  kHz using precompensated current modulation
Authors: Ashik A. S. , Rodrigo Peter John , Larsen Henning E. , Pedersen Christian 
Published: November 2024

We present a differential laser absorption spectroscopy (DLAS) system operating at 1550 nm for rapid and sensitive gas concentration measurements. A dual-wavelength toggling mechanism is presented, which significantly reduces data processing, hence supporting a high update rate and data robustness against fast-changing environmental conditions. We showcase the ability to toggle between two wavelengths separated by 90 pm in 14 μs and with minimal chirp (∼1  pm), facilitating sensitive DLAS measurements at 8 kHz update rate. This performance is achieved by driving a 1550 nm diode laser with a modified square-wave current pulse, overcoming the thermal time constant limited wavelength-modulation response of the diode laser. A sensitive feedback mechanism ensures excellent long-term wavelength stability better than 1.4 pm peak-to-peak at 8 kHz toggling over 20 h. As a performance test, we measured the volumetric ratio (VMR) of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas in a fiber-coupled gas cell with less than 0.2% peak-to-peak variation over 20 h at 40 Hz. A best sensitivity in VMR of 8×10−6 was achieved at 25 ms integration time. The simplicity and high update rate of our system make it well-suited for gas monitoring in dynamic atmospheric and industrial environments. Further, it offers potential utility in applications requiring precise wavelength control, such as injection seeding of pulsed lasers. A simple analytical model is derived, which, in detail, supports the experimental results, hence offering a tool for future design optimization.
Chip-scale integrated optical gyroscope based on a multi-mode co-detection technique
Authors: Liu Shuang , Hu Junyi , Li Binjie , Xue Boyi , Wan Wenjie , Ma Huilian , He Zuyuan 
Published: November 2024

Gyroscopes are crucial components of inertial navigation systems, with ongoing development emphasizing miniaturization and enhanced accuracy. The recent advances in chip-scale optical gyroscopes utilizing integrated optics have attracted considerable attention, demonstrating significant advantages in achieving tactical-grade accuracy. In this paper, a new, to our knowledge, integrated optical gyroscope scheme based on the multi-mode co-detection technology is proposed, which takes the high-Q microcavity as its core sensitive element and uses the multi-mode characteristics of the microcavity to achieve the measurement of rotational angular velocity. This detection scheme breaks the tradition of optical gyroscopes based on a single mode within the sensitive ring to detect the angular rotation rate, which not only greatly simplifies the optical and electrical system of the optical gyroscope, but also has a higher detection accuracy. The gyroscope based on this detection scheme has successfully detected the Earth’s rotation on a 9.2 mm diameter microcavity with a bias instability as low as 1 deg/h, which is the best performance among the chip-scale integrated optical gyroscopes known to us. Moreover, its high dynamic range and highly simplified and reciprocal system architecture greatly enhance the feasibility of practical applications. It is anticipated that these developments will have a profound impact on the field of inertial navigation.
Development of methodology to support molecular endotype discovery from synovial fluid of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: The STEpUP OA consortium
Authors: Deng Yun , Perry Thomas A. , Hulley Philippa , Maciewicz Rose A. , Mitchelmore Joanna , Perry Darryl , Larsson Staffan , Brachat Sophie , Struglics André , Appleton C. Thomas , Kluzek Stefan , Arden Nigel K. , Felson David , Marsden Brian , Tom Brian D. M. , Bondi Laura , Kapoor Mohit , Batchelor Vicky , Mackay-Alderson Jennifer , Kumar Vinod , Lohmander L. Stefan , Welting Tim J. , Walsh David A. , Valdes Ana M. ,   the STEpUP OA Consortium, Vincent Tonia L. , Watt Fiona E. , Jostins-Dean Luke 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
To develop a protocol for largescale analysis of synovial fluid proteins, for the identification of biological networks associated with subtypes of osteoarthritis.

Methods
Synovial Fluid To detect molecular Endotypes by Unbiased Proteomics in Osteoarthritis (STEpUP OA) is an international consortium utilising clinical data (capturing pain, radiographic severity and demographic features) and knee synovial fluid from 17 participating cohorts. 1746 samples from 1650 individuals comprising OA, joint injury, healthy and inflammatory arthritis controls, divided into discovery (n = 1045) and replication (n = 701) datasets, were analysed by SomaScan Discovery Plex V4.1 (>7000 SOMAmers/proteins). An optimised approach to standardisation was developed. Technical confounders and batch-effects were identified and adjusted for. Poorly performing SOMAmers and samples were excluded. Variance in the data was determined by principal component (PC) analysis.

Results
A synovial fluid standardised protocol was optimised that had good reliability (<20% co-efficient of variation for >80% of SOMAmers in pooled samples) and overall good correlation with immunoassay. 1720 samples and >6290 SOMAmers met inclusion criteria. 48% of data variance (PC1) was strongly correlated with individual SOMAmer signal intensities, particularly with low abundance proteins (median correlation coefficient 0.70), and was enriched for nuclear and non-secreted proteins. We concluded that this component was predominantly intracellular proteins, and could be adjusted for using an ‘intracellular protein score’ (IPS). PC2 (7% variance) was attributable to processing batch and was batch-corrected by ComBat. Lesser effects were attributed to other technical confounders. Data visualisation revealed clustering of injury and OA cases in overlapping but distinguishable areas of high-dimensional proteomic space.

Conclusions
We have developed a robust method for analysing synovial fluid protein, creating a molecular and clinical dataset of unprecedented scale to explore potential patient subtypes and the molecular pathogenesis of OA. Such methodology underpins the development of new approaches to tackle this disease which remains a huge societal challenge.
Association between serum Klotho and the prevalence of osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007–2016
Authors: Qiu Yue , Yin Huangyi , Meng Jinzhi , Cai Yang , Huang Junpu , Zheng Xifan , Yao Jun , Li Jia 
Published: November 2024

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease prevalent in the elderly. Currently, the relationship between the senescence inhibitor Klotho and OA remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between serum soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) and OA.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was based on the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Three multifactorial logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between serum Klotho and OA. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were further used to assess whether there was a nonlinear relationship between serum Klotho and OA. Finally, stratified analyses and interaction tests were used to evaluate the association’s stability. To further investigate the relationship between serum Klotho and OA, we recruited 107 patients for analysis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.

Results
The final 8,918 participants included in this study comprised 50.55% females and 49.45% males, with 18.10% of participants suffering from OA and a mean S-Klotho level of 846.41 (5.61) pg/ml. All three logistic regression models observed a negative association between continuous S-Klotho and OA risk. When S-Klotho was categorized into tertiles, the fully adjusted model showed that participants in the third tertile had a 17% lower risk of OA than those in the first tertile (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.99, P = 0.035). The RCS curves showed a linear negative association between S-Klotho and the incidence of OA (P for overall = 0.025; P for non-linearity = 0.667). Further subgroup analyses and interaction tests suggested that the negative association between S-Klotho and OA remained stable in different conditions. Research conducted in China has shown that the negative correlation between serum Klotho levels and the prevalence of OA remains evident among Chinese individuals (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.90, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Our study suggests that elevated levels of the senescence inhibitor S-Klotho may be a potential protective factor for OA, which may provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of OA.