bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and forecasting the oil volatility index
Authors: Mazzeu João H. Gonçalves , Veiga Helena , Mariti Massimo B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe increase in oil price volatility in recent years has raised the importance of forecasting it accurately for valuing and hedging investments. The paper models and forecasts the crude oil exchange‐traded funds (ETF) volatility index, which has been used in the last years as an important alternative measure to track and analyze the volatility of future oil prices. Analysis of the oil volatility index suggests that it presents features similar to those of the daily market volatility index, such as long memory, which is modeled using well‐known heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) specifications and new extensions that are based on net and scaled measures of oil price changes. The aim is to improve the forecasting performance of the traditional HAR models by including predictors that capture the impact of oil price changes on the economy. The performance of the new proposals and benchmarks is evaluated with the model confidence set (MCS) and the Generalized‐AutoContouR (G‐ACR) tests in terms of point forecasts and density forecasting, respectively. We find that including the leverage in the conditional mean or variance of the basic HAR model increases its predictive ability. Furthermore, when considering density forecasting, the best models are a conditional heteroskedastic HAR model that includes a scaled measure of oil price changes, and a HAR model with errors following an exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity specification. In both cases, we consider a flexible distribution for the errors of the conditional heteroskedastic process.
Extraction optimization, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory capacity of polyphenols from Lonicera japonica
Authors: Fan ZiLuan , Li Lu , Bai XiaoLin , Zhang Hua , Liu QiRui , Zhang He , Fu YuJie , Moyo Rumbani 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe objective of this research was twofold: first, to optimize the extraction process of Lonicera japonica polyphenols using a response surface methodology, and second, to study the antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory capacity of the polyphenols of different purities. High‐speed shearing homogenization extraction was used to extract the polyphenols from L. japonica. The antioxidant activity and the effect of polyphenols on tyrosinase activity were studied using free radical scavenging assay and the tyrosinase method, respectively. The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 6.96% for polyphenols were determined as follows: ethanol volume fraction 57%, shearing time 3.30 min, and solid–liquid ratio 1:58. Lonicera japonica polyphenols exhibited potent scavenging activity on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and inhibitory capacity on tyrosinase. The results suggested that L. japonica polyphenols could be explored as a natural antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor.
Controlling Measles through Politics and Policy
Authors: Silverman Ross D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVaccination is one of history's most successful public health interventions. Since 2000, vaccination campaigns against measles, which is highly contagious but preventable through the measles‐mumps‐rubella (MMR) vaccine, have reduced both the global incidence of the disease and measles deaths by 80 percent. However, progress toward measles elimination has slid backward in several previously well‐protected global regions. With more communities below or at risk of falling below the 95 percent immunization rates required for herd immunity—due more and more to vaccine skepticism and declination rather than lack of access—many U.S. states and countries must reappraise their vaccination policies and programs.
Three‐dimensional static optical coherence elastography based on inverse compositional Gauss‐Newton digital volume correlation
Authors: Meng Fanchao , Chen Cheng , Hui Shun , Wang Jingbo , Feng Yvlong , Sun Cuiru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) mechanical properties characterization of tissue is essential for physiological and pathological studies, as biological tissue is mostly heterogeneous and anisotropic. A digital volume correlation (DVC)‐based 3D optical coherence elastography (OCE) method is developed to measure the 3D displacement and strain tensors. The DVC algorithm includes a zero‐mean normalized cross‐correlation criterion‐based coarse search regime, an inverse compositional Gauss‐Newton fine search algorithm and a local ternary quadratic polynomial fitting strain calculation method. A 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning protocol is proposed through theoretical analysis and experimental verification. Measurement errors of the DVC‐based 3D OCE method are evaluated to be less than 2.0 μm for displacements and 0.30% for strains by rigid body motion experiments. The 3D displacements and strains of a phantom and a specimen of chicken breast tissue under compression are measured. Results of the phantom show a good agreement with theoretical analysis and tensile testing. The strains of the chicken breast tissue indicate anisotropic biomechanical properties. This study provides an effective method for 3D biomechanical property studies of soft tissue and improves the development of 3D OCE techniques.
Dendrimer mediated targeting of siRNA against polo‐like kinase for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Jain Anjali , Mahira Shaheen , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Bryszewska Maria , Khan Wahid , Ionov Maksim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIrresponsiveness of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) toward conventional therapies has drawn attention toward siRNA therapeutics. In gene delivery, dendrimers are gaining significant attention due to their characteristic features and polo‐like kinase (PLK1) is reported as a potential target for TNBC. In this work, phosphorus and polyamidoamine dendrimer (generation 3 and 4 of each type) are explored to address delivery challenges of PLK1 siRNA (siPLK1). Dendriplexes were formed and complexation was found at 3:1 N/P ratio for all dendrimers by gel electrophoresis. Complexation was also supported by zeta potential, circular dichroism and intercalation assay. Dendriplexes were found to be stable in presence of ribonuclease and serum. Dendriplexes resulted in enhanced cell uptake of siPLK1 compared to siPLK1 solution in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells. Dendriplexes caused increased cell arrest in sub‐G1 phase compared to solution. These observations suggested phosphorus and polyamidoamine dendrimers as potential carriers for siPLK1 delivery to treat TNBC.
Hypoxia inducible factor‐1 promotes liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating PTEN/p65 signaling pathway
Authors: Han Jie , He Yaping , Zhao Hui , Xu Xiaowei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObesity is a major contributor to the development of steatohepatitis and fibrosis from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hypoxia aggravates progression of NAFLD. In mice on high‐fat diet (HFD), hepatic steatosis leads to liver tissue hypoxia, evidenced by accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor‐1‐alpha (HIF‐1α), which is a central regulator of the global response to hypoxia. Hepatocyte cell signaling is an important factor in hepatic fibrogenesis. We here hypothesize that HIF‐1α knockout in hepatocyte may protect against liver fibrosis. We first found that HFD led to 80% more hepatic collagen deposition than Hif1a−/−hep mice, which was confirmed by a‐SMA staining of liver tissue. Body weight and liver weight were similar between groups. We then found the increasing HIF1a expression and decreasing PTEN expression in the mice on HFD and in PA‐treated HepG2 cells. Finally, we found that HIF1 mediated PTEN/nfkb‐p65 pathway plays an important role in the development of NAFLD to liver fibrosis. Collectively, these results identify a novel HIF1a/PTEN/NF‐κ Bp65 signaling pathway in NAFLD, which could be targeted for the therapy.
miR‐188‐5p emerges as an oncomiRNA to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration via upregulation of SALL4
Authors: Wang Mei , Qiu Rong , Gong Zheng , Zhao Xinxin , Wang Tingting , Zhou Lulu , Lu Weiwei , Shen Bo , Zhu Wei , Xu Wenrong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in modulating key biological processes in gastric cancer (GC). As a newly identified miRNA, the function and potential mechanism of miR‐188‐5p in GC has not been thoroughly elucidated. Here, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction detection showed abnormally higher expression of miR‐188‐5p in GC cells and tissues. Gain‐of‐function analysis in vitro showed that miR‐188‐5p promoted GC cell proliferation and migration, while loss‐of‐function studies showed the reverse. Targetscan has predicted that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was a potential target gene of miR‐188‐5p. miR‐188‐5p suppressed PTEN messenger RNA and protein expression and activated downstream AKT/mTOR signaling in GC cells, but luciferase reporter analysis showed that PTEN was not regulated by miR‐188‐5p via the 3′ untranslated region. Furthermore, we observed that miR‐188‐5p overexpression promoted Sal‐like protein 4 (SALL4) protein expression, cellular nuclear translocation, and transcription. Knockdown of SALL4 eliminated the effect of miR‐188‐5p in GC cells as well as suppression of PTEN. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR‐188‐5p promotes GC cell proliferation and migration while suppressing tumor suppressor gene PTEN expression via transcriptional upregulation of oncogene SALL4. We conclude that miR‐188‐5p acts as an oncomiRNA in GC and may be a promising therapeutic target for GC.
Apical cell protrusions cause vertical deformation of the soft cancer nucleus
Authors: Kent Ian A. , Zhang Qiao , Katiyar Aditya , Li Yuan , Pathak Shreya , Dickinson Richard B. , Lele Tanmay P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBreast cancer nuclei have highly irregular shapes, which are diagnostic and prognostic markers of breast cancer progression. The mechanisms by which irregular cancer nuclear shapes develop are not well understood. Here we report the existence of vertical, apical cell protrusions in cultured MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Once formed, these protrusions persist over time scales of hours and are associated with vertically upward nuclear deformations. They are absent in normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF‐10A cells). Microtubule disruption enriched these protrusions preferentially in MDA‐MB‐231 cells compared with MCF‐10A cells, whereas inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II (NMMII) abolished this enrichment. Dynamic confocal imaging of the vertical cell and nuclear shape revealed that the apical cell protrusions form first, and in response, the nucleus deforms and/or subsequently gets vertically extruded into the apical protrusion. Overexpression of lamin A/C in MDA‐MB‐231 cells reduced nuclear deformation in apical protrusions. These data highlight the role of mechanical stresses generated by moving boundaries, as well as abnormal nuclear mechanics in the development of abnormal nuclear shapes in breast cancer cells.
Locomotory adaptations in entoptychine gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) and the mosaic evolution of fossoriality
Authors: Calede Jonathan J.M. , Samuels Joshua X. , Chen Meng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPocket gophers (family Geomyidae) are the dominant burrowing rodents in North America today. Their fossil record is also incredibly rich; in particular, entoptychine gophers, a diverse extinct subfamily of the Geomyidae, are known from countless teeth and jaws from Oligocene and Miocene‐aged deposits of the western United States and Mexico. Their postcranial remains, however, are much rarer and little studied. Yet, they offer the opportunity to investigate the locomotion of fossil gophers, shed light on the evolution of fossoriality, and enable ecomorphological comparisons with contemporaneous rodents. We present herein a quantitative study of the cranial and postcranial remains of eight different species of entoptychine gophers as well as many contemporary rodent species. We find a range of burrowing capabilities within Entoptychinae, including semifossorial scratch‐digging animals and fossorial taxa with cranial adaptations to burrowing. Our results suggest the repeated evolution of chisel‐tooth digging across genera. Comparisons between entoptychine gophers and contemporaneous rodent taxa show little ecomorphological overlap and suggest that the succession of burrowing rodent taxa on the landscape may have had more to do with habitat partitioning than competition.
Flipper bone distribution reveals flexible trailing edge in underwater flying marine tetrapods
Authors: DeBlois Mark C. , Motani Ryosuke 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydrofoil‐shaped limbs (flipper‐hydrofoils) have evolved independently several times in secondarily marine tetrapods and generally fall into two functional categories: (1) those that produce the majority of thrust during locomotion (propulsive flipper‐hydrofoils); (2) those used primarily to steer and resist destabilizing movements such as yaw, pitch, and roll (controller flipper‐hydrofoils). The morphological differences between these two types have been poorly understood. Theoretical and experimental studies on engineered hydrofoils suggest that flapping hydrofoils with a flexible trailing edge are more efficient at producing thrust whereas hydrofoils used in steering and stabilization benefit from a more rigid one. To investigate whether the trailing edge is generally more flexible in propulsive flipper‐hydrofoils, we compared the bone distribution along the chord in both flipper types. The propulsive flipper‐hydrofoil group consists of the forelimbs of Chelonioidea, Spheniscidae, and Otariidae. The controller flipper‐hydrofoil group consists of the forelimbs of Cetacea. We quantified bone distribution from radiographs of species representing more than 50% of all extant genera for each clade. Our results show that the proportion of bone in both groups is similar along the leading edge (0–40% of the chord) but is significantly less along the trailing edge for propulsive flipper‐hydrofoils (40–80% of the chord). Both flipper‐hydrofoil types have little to no bony tissue along the very edge of the trailing edge (80–100% of the chord). This suggests a relatively flexible trailing edge for propulsive flipper‐hydrofoils compared to controller flipper‐hydrofoils in line with findings from prior studies. This study presents a morphological correlate for inferring flipper‐hydrofoil function in extinct taxa and highlights the importance of a flexible trailing edge in the evolution of propulsive flipper‐hydrofoils in marine tetrapods.
Neuroimaging in alcohol use disorder: From mouse to man
Authors: Fritz Michael , Klawonn Anna M. , Zahr Natalie M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the effects of alcohol use disorders (AUD) on the brain from the perspective of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research in preclinical models and clinical studies. As a noninvasive investigational tool permitting assessment of morphological, metabolic, and hemodynamic changes over time, MRI offers insight into the dynamic course of alcoholism beginning with initial exposure through periods of binge drinking and escalation, sobriety, and relapse and has been useful in differential diagnosis of neurological diseases associated with AUD. Structural MRI has revealed acute and chronic effects of alcohol on both white and gray matter volumes. MR Spectroscopy, able to quantify brain metabolites in vivo, has shed light on biochemical alterations associated with alcoholism. Diffusion tensor imaging permits microstructural characterization of white matter fiber tracts. Functional MRI has allowed for elucidation of hemodynamic responses at rest and during task engagement. Positron emission tomography, a non‐MRI imaging tool, has led to a deeper understanding of alcohol‐induced receptor and neurotransmitter changes during various stages of drinking and abstinence. Together, such in vivo imaging tools have expanded our understanding of the dynamic course of alcoholism including evidence for regional specificity of the effects of AUD, hints at mechanisms underlying the shift from casual to compulsive use of alcohol, and profound recovery with sustained abstinence.
Nutrition During Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest: Observational Study of Neurological Outcomes and Nutrition Tolerance
Authors: Martin Maelle , Reignier Jean , Le Thuaut Aurélie , Lacherade Jean Claude , Martin‐Lefèvre Laurent , Fiancette Maud , Vinatier Isabelle , Lebert Christine , Bachoumas Konstantinos , Yehia Aihem , Henry Lagarrigue Matthieu , Colin Gwenhael , Lascarrou Jean Baptiste 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether providing nutrition support is beneficial or deleterious during targeted temperature management (TTM) after cardiac arrest is unclear. We therefore performed a retrospective observational study to determine whether early nutrition was beneficial or deleterious during TTM.MethodsWe retrospectively studied patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) between 2008 and 2014 after successfully resuscitated cardiac arrest. We compared the group given nutrition within 48 hours after ICU admission (E+ group) to the group given nutrition later on or not at all (E‐ group).ResultsOf the 203 included patients, 143 were in the E+ group and 60 in the E‐ group. The E+ group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a good 3‐month neurological outcome (42.7% vs 16.7%, P < 0.001). The difference remained significant after adjustment on a propensity score (odds ratio, 3.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–8.14; P = 0.004). The cumulative energy deficit for an energy goal of 20 kcal/kg/d from admission to day 7 was significantly lower in the E+ group (3304 ± 2863 kcal vs 5017 ± 2655 kcal, P < 0.001). Within the E+ group, the subgroups with nutrition initiation when body temperature was <36°C vs ≥36°C were not significantly different regarding the frequencies of early‐onset pneumonia, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, vomiting, and prokinetic drug use (all P‐values > 0.05).ConclusionsEarly nutrition after cardiac arrest during TTM appears safe and may be associated with better neurological outcomes. These findings warrant a randomized controlled trial to resolve the remaining issues.
Self‐Assembly of Polyethylene Glycol Ether Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions: The Effect of Linker between Alkyl and Ethoxylate
Authors: Bodratti Andrew M. , Cheng Junce , Kong Stephanie M. , Chow Matthew R. , Tsianou Marina , Alexandridis Paschalis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aqueous self‐assembly behavior of two homologous series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐containing nonionic surfactants based on a C10‐Guerbet hydrophobe is reported. The two families of surfactants, alkyl ethoxylates and alkyl alkoxylates, are commercially available from BASF under the trade name Lutensol® XP‐series and XL‐series, respectively. The latter incorporate propylene oxide (PO) units in the surfactant chain. Dye solubilization was used to determine the critical micellization concentration (CMC) of each surfactant at 22 and 50 °C. The PO‐containing alkyl alkoxylates displayed lower CMC values, which were also more sensitive to temperature. The Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of micellization were computed from the CMC data and used to identify the contribution of each surfactant moiety (alkyl chain, PO unit, and PEO block) in controlling the CMC. The micellization properties are compared with compositionally similar surfactants with linear alkyl chains, yielding information about the effects of the Guerbet alkyl chain on micellization. Isothermal titration calorimetry was also used to characterize the CMC and enthalpy of micellization which generally compare well with the dye solubilization results. Cloud point data reveal nonmonotonic relationships for the Lutensol® surfactants with respect to composition, unlike linear alkyl chain surfactants. Finally, dilute solution viscosity measurements performed on some Lutensol® surfactants show a change in the slope, suggesting a structural change that tends to be more pronounced for surfactants with longer PEO blocks. The data presented herein enhance the understanding of surfactant structure–property relationships required for industrial formulation.
Associations Between Trauma‐Related Rumination and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress and Depression in Treatment‐Seeking Female Veterans
Authors: Arditte Hall Kimberly A. , Davison Eve H. , Galovski Tara E. , Vasterling Jennifer J. , Pineles Suzanne L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTrauma‐related rumination is a cognitive style characterized by repetitive negative thinking about the causes, consequences, and implications of a traumatic experience. Frequent trauma‐related rumination has been linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in civilian samples but has yet to be examined among military veterans. This study extended previous research by examining trauma‐related rumination in female veterans who presented to a Veterans Affairs women's trauma recovery clinic (N = 91). The study had two main aims: (a) to examine associations between trauma‐related rumination and specific PTSD symptoms, adjusting for the overlap between trauma‐related rumination and other relevant cognitive factors, such as intrusive trauma memories and self‐blame cognitions; and (b) to assess associations between trauma‐related rumination, PTSD, and depression, adjusting for symptom comorbidity. At intake, patients completed a semistructured interview and self‐report questionnaires. Primary diagnoses were confirmed via medical record review. Trauma‐related rumination was common, with more than 80% of patients reporting at least sometimes engaging in this cognitive style in the past week. After adjusting for other relevant cognitive factors, trauma‐related rumination was significantly associated with several specific PTSD symptoms, rps = .33–.48. Additionally, the severity of trauma‐related rumination was associated with overall PTSD symptom severity, even after adjusting for comorbid depression symptoms, rp2 = .35. In contrast, the association between trauma‐related rumination and depressive symptom severity was not significant after adjusting for comorbid PTSD symptoms, rp2 = .008. These results highlight trauma‐related rumination as a unique contributing factor to the complex clinical presentation for a subset of trauma‐exposed veterans.