bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of carer‐held records to support informal caregivers of patients with dementia who live at home
Authors: Sato Shunsuke , Kazui Hiroaki , Shimizu Yoshiro , Yoshida Tetsuhiko , Yoshiyama Kenji , Kanemoto Hideki , Suzuki Yukiko , Morikami Toshimi , Fujisue Hiroshi , Tanaka Toshihisa , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: February 2018

AimIt is unclear whether carer‐held records (CHR) are useful for patients with dementia. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of the CHR for patients with dementia at the municipal level.MethodsCandidates for CHR use in this study were informal caregivers of patients with dementia who lived at home in Kawanishi, Japan. CHR users were those who are involved in the patient's care and treatment, such as informal caregivers, family physicians, dementia specialists, care professionals, and care service coordinators, known as ‛care managersʼ in Japan. Collaborative meetings were held every month mainly to help users, especially care managers, learn how to effectively use CHR. We surveyed informal caregivers before and 1.5 years after the start of CHR use to evaluate whether CHR improved collaboration and information provision. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview and Dementia Behaviour Disturbance Scale were also administered. We divided the informal caregivers who continued CHR use for 1.5 years into two subgroups based on whether their care manager attended the collaborative meetings at least twice. In addition, we divided informal caregivers into three subgroups depending on their relationship to the patient: spouse, child, or daughter‐in‐law.ResultsThe study initially consisted of 201 informal caregivers. Among them, 74 informal caregivers continued CHR use for 1.5 years. The information provision score significantly improved after CHR use for all informal caregivers. The collaboration score significantly improved after CHR use only for informal caregivers whose care managers attended at least two collaborative meetings. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview score significantly improved after CHR use for daughter‐in‐law caregivers. The Dementia Behaviour Disturbance Scale scores did not significantly improve after CHR use.ConclusionsCHR were useful for informal caregivers of patients with dementia. However, care managers need to teach informal caregivers how to properly use CHR.
Clinical characteristics and quality of life of older adults with cognitive impairment in Macao
Authors: Lam Nogueira Bernice O.C. , Li Lu , Meng Li‐Rong , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Chiu Helen F.K. , Kuok Kenny C.F. , Tran Linda , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about the characteristics of older adults with cognitive impairment in Macao. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the quality of life (QOL) of older adults living in the community and nursing homes.MethodsA consecutive sample of 413 subjects (199 from the community; 214 from nursing homes) was recruited and interviewed using standardized instruments. Cognition was measured with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and QOL with the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument.ResultsAltogether 87 subjects (21.0%) had cognitive impairment. On multivariate analyses, advanced age (P < 0.001, OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.03–1.1) and depressive symptoms (P = 0.03, OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 0.005–1.1) were positively associated with cognitive impairment. Married marital status (P = 0.01, OR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.1–0.7) and higher education level (P < 0.001, OR = 0.1, 95%CI: 0.06–0.3) were negatively associated with cognitive impairment. After the confounders were controlled for, cognitive impairment was significantly associated with the lower psychological (F
(11,412) = 6.3, P = 0.01) and social relationship domains of QOL (F
(11,412) = 4.0, P = 0.04).ConclusionCognitive impairment was found to be common in community‐dwelling and nursing home resident older adults in Macao. Given cognitive impairment's negative impact on QOL, appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve access to treatment in this population.
Low resilience to stress is associated with candidate gene expression alterations in the dopaminergic signalling pathway
Authors: Azadmarzabadi Esfandiar , Haghighatfard Arvin , Mohammadi Alireza 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundIn stressful situations, a person's ability to appropriately complete tasks with minimal anxiety is known as stress resilience. Genetic variants in neuropeptide Y, Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), and serotonin transporter have been previously reported to be associated with low resilience, but the relationship between low resilience and the dopaminergic signalling pathway is not well understood. Here, we aimed to describe the association between comprehensive psychological characteristics and messenger RNA levels of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4), dopamine receptor D5 (DRD5), COMT, Dopamine Beta‐Hydroxylase (DBH), Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), monoamine oxidase A (MAOM), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (5‐HTT), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) genes based on peripheral blood samples from 400 subjects who react differently to major life event stressors. The blood samples were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.MethodsFour hundred Iranian individuals (age range: 17–42 years) were selected from 18 of Iran's 31 provinces. They were divided into four groups: (i) group A, persons with normal reactions to major life‐event stressors; (ii) group B, persons with acute stress reactions to major life‐event stressors; (iii) group C, persons with normal reactions to crises/catastrophes; and (iv) group D, persons with acute stress reactions to crises/catastrophes. Individuals were divided into groups by a senior psychiatrist based on an unstructured interview, the 21‐item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale.ResultsWe found that the upregulation of DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, DBH, DAT, and BDNF and the downregulation of serotonin transporter, monoamine oxidase A, and COMT are associated with stress resilience, which is modulated by dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways.ConclusionsGene expression variations were not only correlated with stress resilience, but they were also associated with other psychological parameters including personality, depression, anxiety, and intelligence.
Has the 2008 financial crisis and its aftermath changed the impact of inflation on inflation uncertainty in member states of the european monetary union?
Authors: Nonejad Nima 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe study to what extent the financial crisis of 2008 and its aftermath have changed the impact of inflation on inflation uncertainty in the 12 original member states of the European Monetary Union (EMU). We adopt a time‐varying coefficient regression model with stochastic volatility effects, and extract two measures of inflation uncertainty from our data, namely, (1) The conditional volatility of inflation, (2) The conditional volatility of steady‐state inflation. (1)–(2) represent short‐run and steady‐state inflation uncertainty, respectively. The time‐varying impact of inflation on inflation uncertainty is analyzed using Markov‐switching regressions, where switching between the low and high inflation uncertainty regime is determined via an unobserved Markov process. Results suggest that the 2008 financial crisis and its aftermath have changed the impact of inflation on (1) and (2) across the selected EMU member states. However, a uniform pattern cannot be detected. For some member states, we document a strong link, whereas for others, the impact of inflation on inflation uncertainty is relatively weaker.
Extraocular muscle architecture in hawks and owls
Authors: Plochocki Jeffrey H. , Segev Tamar , Grow Wade , Hall Margaret I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveA complete and accurate understanding of extraocular muscle function is important to the veterinary care of the avian eye. This is especially true for birds of prey, which rely heavily on vision for survival and yet are prone to ocular injury and disease. To better understand the function of extraocular muscles in birds of prey, we studied extraocular muscle architecture grossly and histologically.Animals studiedThis sample was composed of two each of the following species: red‐tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), and barn owl (Tyto alba).ProceduresAll extraocular muscles were dissected and weighed. To analyze muscle fiber architecture, the superior oblique and quadratus muscles were dissected, weighed, and sectioned at 5 μm thickness in the transverse plane. We calculated the physiologic cross‐sectional area and the ratio of muscle mass to predicted effective maximum tetanic tension.Results and ConclusionsHawk and owl extraocular muscles exhibit significant physiological differences that play roles in ocular movements and closure of the nictitating membrane.

Owls, which do not exhibit extraocular movement, have muscle architecture suited to stabilize the position of a massive, tubular eye that protrudes significantly from the orbit.

Hawks, which have a more globose eye that is largely contained within the orbit, do not require as much muscular stability and instead have muscle architecture that facilitates rapid eye movement.
Effectiveness of pain management educational interventions on nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding postoperative pain management: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mazilu Doina Carmen , Zazu Mariana , Nedelcu Viorica , Sfetcu Raluca 
Published: February 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of pain management education programs (PMEPs) in improving the level of knowledge and the attitudes of nurses working in adult surgical departments and intensive care units on postoperative pain management.
Commentary on the Assessment and Interpretation of Pediatric Aerobic Fitness—The Year That Was 2017
Authors: Armstrong Neil 
Published: February 2018

Three papers, which between them contribute to the current debate on the assessment and interpretation of pediatric aerobic fitness, were selected for commentary. The first paper (Children. 2017; 4:6; doi:10.3390/children4010006) highlights the merits of clinical exercise testing and advocates the advancement of pediatric exercise testing through a rationale founded on demonstrated prognostic value of data obtained. It notes the lack of well-accepted definitions of exercise outcome variables in children and promotes the case for data harmonization across laboratories. The second paper (J Appl Physiol. 2017; 122: 997–1002) argues persuasively that the acceptance of peak oxygen uptake (peak ) at the termination of an exercise test to voluntary exhaustion as a surrogate for a “true” maximal value (ie, ) is no longer tolerable. The authors present a compelling case for the adoption of a follow-up verification test to unambiguously validate the achievement of . The third paper (Br J Sports Med. 2017; 1–10, doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097982) compiles large, previously published datasets to provide a review of temporal trends in 20-m shuttle run test scores. The authors assert that temporal trends in 20-m shuttle run test performance provide meaningful insight into trends in population health. The commentary stresses the importance of scientific rigor in pediatric exercise testing, emphasizes the use of precise definitions when describing health-related variables, and cautions against the misuse of exercise outcome measures in recommendations relating to or impacting on young people’s health and well-being.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Polymyxin B-Resistant Sequence Type 195 Clinical Isolate of
Acinetobacter baumannii
from India
Authors: Agarwal Bina , Agarwala Niraj , Saikia Sarangapani , Sarkar Snigdha , Ahmed Giasuddin 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
has emerged as a troublesome nosocomial pathogen worldwide. We report here the draft genome sequence of polymyxin B-resistant sequence type 195 (ST195)
A. baumannii
strain GU71, isolated from a tertiary care hospital in the city of Guwahati, Assam, India.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Bacillus altitudinis
Strain KL4, Isolated from Bottom Sediments in Lake Krotovaya Lyaga (Novosibirsk Region, Russia)
Authors: Rozanov Aleksey S. , Shipova Aleksandra A. , Bryanskaya Alla V. , Tekutieva L. A. , Son O. M. , Peltek Sergey E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

The
Bacillus altitudinis
strain KL4 was isolated from bottom sediments in Lake Krotovaya Lyaga (Novosibirsk Region, Russia, 53.7°N, 77.9°E). The sequenced and annotated genome is 3,738,419 bp long and carries 3,909 genes.
Genome Sequence of the Necrotrophic Plant Pathogen
Alternaria brassicicola
Abra43
Authors: Belmas Elodie , Briand Martial , Kwasiborski Anthony , Colou Justine , N’Guyen Guillaume , Iacomi Béatrice , Grappin Philippe , Campion Claire , Simoneau Philippe , Barret Matthieu , Guillemette Thomas 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Alternaria brassicicola
causes dark spot (or black spot) disease, which is one of the most common and destructive fungal diseases of
Brassicaceae
spp. worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain Abra43. The assembly comprises 29 scaffolds, with an
N
50
value of 2.1 Mb. The assembled genome was 31,036,461 bp in length, with a G+C content of 50.85%.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Acidithiobacillus
sp. Strain SH, a Marine Acidophilic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium
Authors: Kamimura Kazuo , Sharmin Sultana , Yoshino Eriko , Tokuhisa Mirai , Kanao Tadayoshi 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

We announce here the genome sequence of a marine acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium,
Acidithiobacillus
sp. strain SH. The bacterium has potential for use in bioleaching of sulfide ores from seawater and contains a noble gene for thiosulfate quinone oxidoreductase in addition to specific genes for the oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds.
Towards high-quality, useful practice guidelines for child and youth mental health disorders: protocol for a systematic review and consensus exercise
Authors: Bennett Kathryn , Duda Stephanie , Brouwers Melissa , Szatmari Peter , Newton Amanda , McLennan John , Sundar Purnima , Cleverley Kristin , Charach Alice , Henderson Joanna , Courtney Darren , Rice Maureen 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThe quality of clinical practice guidelines (PGs) has not been evaluated in child and youth mental health (CYMH). To address this gap, we will: (1) conduct a systematic review (SR) to answer the question ‘among eligible PGs relevant to the prevention or treatment of CYMH conditions, which PGs meet criteria for minimum and high quality?’; (2) apply nominal group methods to create recommendations for how CYMH PG quality, completeness and usefulness can be strengthened.Methods and analysisSR: Potentially eligible PGs will be identified in 12 databases using a reproducible search strategy developed by a research librarian. Trained raters will: (1) apply prespecified criteria to identify eligible PGs relevant to depression, anxiety, suicidality, bipolar disorder, behaviour disorder (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder) and substance use disorder; (2) extract descriptive data and (3) assess PG quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool. Scores on three AGREE II domains (rigour of development, stakeholder involvement, editorial independence) will designate PGs as minimum (≥50%) or high quality (≥70%). Nominal group: Four CYMH PG knowledge user groups (clinicians, mental health service planners, youth and adult family members) will participate in structured exercises derived using nominal group methods to generate recommendations to improve PG quality, completeness and usefulness.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. Study products will be disseminated as follows. A cross-platform website will house eligible CYMH PGs and their quality ratings. Twitter and Facebook tools will promote it to a wide variety of PG users. Data from Google Analytics, Twitonomy and Altmetrics will inform usage evaluation. Complementary educational workshops will be conducted for CYMH professionals. Print materials and journal articles will be produced.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017060738.
Intraoperative identification of the corticospinal tract and dorsal column of the spinal cord by electrical stimulation
Authors: Deletis Vedran , Seidel Kathleen , Sala Francesco , Raabe Andreas , Chudy Darko , Beck Juergen , Kothbauer Karl F 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesAnatomical identification of the corticospinal tract (CT) and the dorsal column (DC) of the exposed spinal cord is difficult when anatomical landmarks are distorted by tumour growth. Neurophysiological identification is complicated by the fact that direct stimulation of the DC may result in muscle motor responses due to the centrally activated H-reflex. This study aims to provide a technique for intraoperative neurophysiological differentiation between CT and DC in the exposed spinal cord.MethodsRecordings were obtained from 32 consecutive patients undergoing spinal cord tumour surgery from July 2015 to March 2017. A double train stimulation paradigm with an intertrain interval of 60 ms was devised with recording of responses from limb muscles.ResultsIn non-spastic patients (55% of cohort) an identical second response was noted following the first CT response, but the second response was absent after DC stimulation. In patients with pre-existing spasticity (45%), CT stimulation again resulted in two identical responses, whereas DC stimulation generated a second response that differed substantially from the first one. The recovery times of interneurons in the spinal cord grey matter were much shorter for the CT than those for the DC. Therefore, when a second stimulus train was applied 60 ms after the first, the CT-fibre interneurons had already recovered ready to generate a second response, whereas the DC interneurons were still in the refractory period.ConclusionsMapping of the spinal cord using double train stimulation allows neurophysiological distinction of CT from DC pathways during spinal cord surgery in patients with and without pre-existing spasticity.
The Role of the Muscle Brachioradialis in Elbow Flexion: An Electromyographic Study
Authors: Caufriez Benoît , Dugailly Pierre-Michel , Brassinne Eric , Schuind Frédéric 
Published: February 2018

Background: In the classical conception, the brachioradialis is a forearm supinator. The hypothesis of this study was that, at least in certain positions of elbow flexion and forearm rotation, the brachioradialis is, along with the biceps and brachialis, one of the main elbow flexors.Methods: Fifteen young healthy male volunteers participated in this research. The activities of the biceps, brachialis and brachioradialis muscles were studied using surface electromyography, while the subjects were performing elbow flexions/extensions with as much strength as possible, forearm in neutral position, then in full pronation, then in full supination. The elbow flexion torques were isokinetically measured at 60°/sec for an arc of 120°.Results: The biceps, brachialis and brachioradialis muscles were electromyographically very active throughout resisted elbow flexion, in all three investigated positions of forearm rotation. At certain positions, the electromyographic activities were much higher than the maximal voluntary contraction signal. For what concerns specifically the brachioradialis, in all three forearm rotation investigated positions, the activity curve demonstrated a slow increase during the first part of elbow flexion, reaching in 73.3% of subjects its peak at the end of flexion; in the remaining 26.7%, the brachioradialis had a flat activity without significant peak. The activity was slightly higher in supination.Conclusions: This study indirectly supports the idea that the brachioradialis is one of the main elbow flexors, especially when the elbow flexion is done with the forearm in supination. This observation could be important in clinical elbow and wrist surgical practice.
Feixian Recipe inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by targeting pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway
Authors: Meng Lihong , Wang Chen , Wang Zijuan , Yin Ting , Liu Zhe , Qin Huihui , Zhang Yuting , Gu Xiaofeng , Yu Xiaolin , Jiang Liangduo , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of PMVECs and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathway in pulmonary fibrosis and the inhibitory effect of Feixian Recipe (FXR) in pulmonary fibrosis by targeting VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway. Methods: In this study, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were successfully isolated from rats with pulmonary fibrosis. Cells were divided into six groups: model group, prednisone group, losartan group and three different concentrated (100[Formula: see text]ug/mL, 60[Formula: see text]ug/mL, 20[Formula: see text]ug/mL) FXR groups. The adhesion rate, migration and closed blood vessels of each PMVECs group were detected. The mRNA expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinases 38 (P38 MAPK) and activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) were detected by SYBR Green I real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results: Compared with the model group, the adhesion rate, migration and angiogenesis of PMVECs were decreased in FXR groups ([Formula: see text]). Compared with prednisone and losartan groups, the mRNA expressions of VEGF, VEGFR2, PI3K and P38 MAPK were down-regulated significantly by FXR ([Formula: see text]). Conclution: FXR can inhibit the migration, adhesion and angiogenesis of PMVECs in rats with pulmonary fibrosis by targeting VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway, and inhibit the progress of pulmonary fibrosis.
Phrenic motor neuron loss in aged rats
Authors: Fogarty Matthew J. , Omar Tanya S. , Zhan Wen-Zhi , Mantilla Carlos B. , Sieck Gary C. 
Published: February 2018

Sarcopenia is the age-related reduction of muscle mass and specific force. In previous studies, we found that sarcopenia of the diaphragm muscle (DIAm) is evident by 24 mo of age in both rats and mice and is associated with selective atrophy of type IIx and IIb muscle fibers and a decrease in maximum specific force. These fiber type-specific effects of sarcopenia resemble those induced by DIAm denervation, leading us to hypothesize that sarcopenia is due to an age-related loss of phrenic motor neurons (PhMNs). To address this hypothesis, we determined the number of PhMNs in young (6 mo old) and old (24 mo old) Fischer 344 rats. Moreover, we determined age-related changes in the size of PhMNs, since larger PhMNs innervate type IIx and IIb DIAm fibers. The PhMN pool was retrogradely labeled and imaged with confocal microscopy to assess the number of PhMNs and the morphometry of PhMN soma and proximal dendrites. In older animals, there were 22% fewer PhMNs, a 19% decrease in somal surface area, and a 21% decrease in dendritic surface area compared with young Fischer 344 rats. The age-associated loss of PhMNs involved predominantly larger PhMNs. These results are consistent with an age-related denervation of larger, more fatigable DIAm motor units, which are required primarily for high-force airway clearance behaviors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diaphragm muscle sarcopenia in rodent models is well described in the literature; however, the relationship between sarcopenia and frank phrenic motor neuron (MN) loss is unexplored in these models. We quantify a 22% loss of phrenic MNs in old (24 mo) compared with young (6 mo) Fischer 344 rats. We also report reductions in phrenic MN somal and proximal dendritic morphology that relate to decreased MN heterogeneity in old compared with young Fischer 344 rats.