bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Tilapia Skin as a Xenograft for Pediatric Burn Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Costa Bruno Almeida , Lima Júnior Edmar Maciel , de Moraes Filho Manoel Odorico , Fechine Francisco Vagnaldo , de Moraes Maria Elisabete Amaral , Silva Júnior Francisco Raimundo , do Nascimento Soares Maria Flaviane Araújo , Rocha Marina Becker Sales 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Burns represent the fifth most common cause of nonfatal childhood injuries in the world. The Nile tilapia skin (Oreochromis niloticus) is widely available in Brazil and demonstrated, in previous studies, noninfectious microbiota, morphological structure similar to that of human skin, and good outcomes when used as a xenograft for treatment of experimental burns in rats. A 3-year-old boy was admitted to a burn treatment center in Fortaleza, Brazil, with scalds in the left side of the face, neck, anterior thorax, abdomen, and left arm. Involvement of 18% of total body surface area with superficial partial thickness burns was calculated. After local Institutional Review Board approval and written permission from the patient’s legal caregiver were obtained, application of tilapia skin as an occlusive dressing was performed. Good adherence of tilapia skin to the wound bed was detected. The patient was discharged from the hospital with a total of 10 days required for the complete re-epithelialization of his superficial partial thickness burn. No adverse effects were noted. We believe that further studies conducted by our researchers will allow this innovative, low-cost, widely available and easy to apply biomaterial to firm itself as a relevant option in the therapeutic arsenal of pediatric burns, producing significant social and financial impact for the health system.
Greening the WTO Environmental Goods Agreement, Tariff Concessions, and Policy Likeness
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C , Neven Damien J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper considers the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and Environmental Goods Agreement agreements, which grant tariff concession through Harmonized System classifications beyond the six-digit level (‘ex outs’) in favour of ‘green’ goods and discuss how these initiatives fit into the WTO legal regime. Even if the practical significance of the APEC agreement should not be overestimated as it involves modest tariff concessions over a subset of goods, which are not heavily traded, these agreements involve a paradigm shift to the extent that they use tariff concessions negotiated on a plurilateral basis as a policy instrument to meet public policy concern, instead of making market access conditional on meeting national regulations. We find that there is a tension between the current definition of likeness for the enforcement of most favoured nation provisions and the use of ex outs and a risk that improved market access for ex outs could be seen a de facto discrimination. One way out of this conundrum is to define likeness in terms of policy rationales.
Outcome of maintenance systemic chemotherapy with drug-free interval for metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Abe T , Minami K , Harabayashi T , Sazawa A , Chiba H , Kikuchi H , Miyata H , Matsumoto R , Osawa T , Maruyama S , IshizakiIshizaki J , Mochizuki T , Chiba S , Akino T , Murakumo M , Miyajima N , Tsuchiya K , Murai S , Shinohara N 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
Aiming to achieve long-term disease control, maintenance systemic chemotherapy (MSC) with a 1–3-month drug-free interval is continued in selected patients. We report our experience of MSC for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Methods
Of 228 metastatic UC patients treated with systemic chemotherapy, 40 (17.5%, 40/228) had continuously undergone MSC. Data on the regimen, cycle number, and reason for the discontinuation of MSC were also collected. We analyzed OS from the initiation of MSC until death or the last follow-up, using the log-rank test to assess the significance of differences.

Results
The median number of cycles of chemotherapy was 6, and the responses were CR in 6, PR in 20, SD in 13, and PD in 1 before MSC. Gemcitabine plus CDDP or carboplatin was mainly performed as MSC (70%, 28/40). MSC was repeated quarterly in 30 (75%, 30/40), every two months in 8 (20%, 8/40), and with other intervals in 2 (5%, 2/40). Overall, a median of 3.5 cycles (range: 1–29) of MSC was performed. The reason for the discontinuation of MSC was PD in 24 (60%, 24/40), favorable disease control in 9 (22.5%, 9/40), and myelosuppression in 3 (7.5%, 3/40), and for other reasons in 2 (5%, 2/40). MSC was ongoing in 2 (5%, 2/40). The median OS was 27 months from the initiation of MSC. PS0 (P = 0.0169), the absence of lung metastasis (P = 0.0387), and resection of the primary site (P = 0.0495) were associated with long-term survival after MSC.

Conclusions
In selected patients, long-term systemic chemotherapy could be performed with a drug-free interval. Our maintenance strategy with cytotoxic drugs may become one of the treatment options for long-term disease control.
Volumetric imaging parameters are significant for predicting the pathological complete response of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in local advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Wu Fengpeng , Wang Jun , Yang Congrong , Zhou Chaoxi , Niu Wenbo , Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Guanglin , Yang Yafan , Wang Guiying 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPreoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has been widely used in clinic. Its efficiency influences the prognosis and the selection of subsequent treatment. The current criteria for evaluating the prognosis of patients with extremely sensitive preoperative CCRT include the clinical complete remission response (cCR) and pathological complete response (pCR), but those with cCR may not necessarily achieve pCR, and the pCR can be confirmed only after surgery. Some scholars believe that patients with pCR after CCRT can be categorized as ‘watch and wait’. Therefore, it is extremely important to find a way to predict the pCR status of patients before therapy. In this study, we examined the expression of stem cell markers and obtained direct and derivative volumetric imaging parameters before treatment. Subsequently, these factors and the general clinical data were adopted into a regression model, and the correlation between them and the pCR was analyzed. We found that the pCR of LARC was positively correlated with tumor compactness (TC), whereas it was negatively correlated with approximate tumor volume (ATV), real tumor volume (RTV), total surface area of the tumor (TSA) and tumor maximum longitudinal length (TML). In these meaningful predictors, the positive predictive values and the negative predictive values of TC were 74.73% and 94.61%, respectively. Compared with other possible predictors, TC is the most encouraging predictor of pCR. Our findings provide a way for clinicians to predict the sensitivity of preoperative CCRT and will help to select individualized treatment options for LARC patients.
False-Negative Urine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Testing in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Herskovits Adrianna Z , Chen Yigu , Latifi Niloofar , Ta Robert M , Kriegel Gila 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) assays are used to detect pregnancy, and urine point-of-care tests are frequently used to triage patients. Under certain conditions, urine tests can fail to detect pregnancy, which can have serious consequences for patient management.

Objectives
To understand the prevalence of different factors contributing to false-negative urinary hCG testing results at our institution.

Methods
Clinical data for patients with negative urine hCG results and subsequent positive or equivocal serum hCG results within a 1-year period were reviewed.

Results
Out of 9447 negative urine hCG results, 11 potential missed diagnoses were identified, with early gestational age as the most common factor, followed by β-core hook effects.

Conclusions
Although false-negative urine hCG test results are rare, understanding the commonly encountered reasons for inaccurate testing results can help clinical centers develop strategies to minimize risk for patients.
Physical Therapy Practice Patterns for Military Service Members with Lower Limb Loss
Authors: Farrokhi Shawn , Mazzone Brittney , Moore Jacqueline L , Shannon Kaeley , Eskridge Susan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionMilitary service members with limb loss have unrestricted access to physical therapy (PT) services. Identifying PT interventions used based on clinical rationale and patient needs/goals can provide insight towards developing best practice guidelines. The purpose of this study was to identify preferred PT practice patterns for military service members with lower limb loss.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study and was approved by the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) Institutional Review Board. Data for 495 service members with lower limb loss was analyzed. Frequency of PT visits and units of treatment received were quantified in 3-month increments during the first year after injury and compared for individuals with unilateral limb loss distal to the knee (DIST), unilateral limb loss proximal to the knee (PROX), and bilateral limb loss (BILAT).ResultsA total of 86,145 encounters occurred during the first year after injury. Active treatments were included in 94.0% of all treatments, followed by manual therapy (15.1%), patient education (11.5%) and modalities (2.4%). The highest number of encounters, consisting of active and manual therapy, was received by the DIST group within the first 3 months, while after the first 3 months, the BILAT group had higher encounters and received more active and manual therapy. Utilization of patient education was higher in the PROX and BILAT groups compared to the DIST group throughout the first year after injury.ConclusionsService members with limb loss utilize PT services often within the first year after injury. Trends of PT practice are most likely influenced by comorbidities and healing time variance between levels of amputation.
Optimal neighbourhood to nurture giants: a fundamental link between star-forming galaxies and direct collapse black holes
Authors: Agarwal Bhaskar , Cullen Fergus , Khochfar Sadegh , Ceverino Daniel , Klessen Ralf S 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Massive 104–5 M⊙ black hole seeds resulting from the direct collapse of pristine gas require a metal-free atomic cooling halo with extremely low H2 fraction, allowing the gas to cool isothermally in the presence of atomic hydrogen. In order to achieve this chemo-thermodynamical state, the gas needs to be irradiated by both Lyman–Werner (LW) photons in the energy range of 11.2–13.6 eV capable of photodissociating H2 and 0.76 eV photons capable of photodetaching H−. Employing cosmological simulations capable of creating the first galaxies in high resolution, we explore if there exists a subset of galaxies that favour direct collapse black hole (DCBH) formation in their vicinity. We find a fundamental relation between the maximum distance at which a galaxy can cause DCBH formation and its star formation rate (SFR), which automatically folds in the chemo-thermodynamical effects of both H2 photodissociation and H− photodetachment. This is in contrast to the approximately three order of magnitude scatter seen in the LW flux parameter computed at the maximum distance, which is synonymous with a scatter in ‘Jcrit’. Thus, computing the rates and/or the LW flux from a galaxy is no longer necessary to identify neighbouring sites of DCBH formation, as our relation allows one to distinguish regions where DCBH formation could be triggered in the vicinity of a galaxy of a given SFR.
An analysis of binary microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-0060
Authors: Tsapras Y , Cassan A , Ranc C , Bachelet E , Street R , Udalski A , Hundertmark M , Bozza V , Beaulieu J P , Marquette J B , Euteneuer E , Bramich D M , Dominik M , Figuera Jaimes R , Horne K , Mao S , Menzies J , Schmidt R , Snodgrass C , Steele I A , Wambsganss J , Mróz P , Szymański M K , Soszyński I , Skowron J , Pietrukowicz P , Kozłowski S , Poleski R , Ulaczyk K , Pawlak M , Jørgensen U G , Skottfelt J , Popovas A , Ciceri S , Korhonen H , Kuffmeier M , Evans D F , Peixinho N , Hinse T C , Burgdorf M J , Southworth J , Tronsgaard R , Kerins E , Andersen M I , Rahvar S , Wang Y , Wertz O , Rabus M , Calchi Novati S , D’Ago G , Scarpetta G , Mancini L , Abe F , Asakura Y , Bennett D P , Bhattacharya A , Donachie M , Evans P , Fukui A , Hirao Y , Itow Y , Kawasaki K , Koshimoto N , Li M C A , Ling C H , Masuda K , Matsubara Y , Muraki Y , Miyazaki S , Nagakane M , Ohnishi K , Rattenbury N , Saito To , Sharan A , Shibai H , Sullivan D J , Sumi T , Suzuki D , Tristram P J , Yamada T , Yonehara A ,   The RoboNet team,   The OGLE collaboration,   The MiNDSTEp collaboration,   The MOA collaboration, Bramich D M , Dominik M , Jaimes R Figuera , Horne K , Mao S , Menzies J , Schmidt R , Snodgrass C , Steele I A , Wambsganss J , Mróz P , Szymański M K , Soszyński I , Skowron J , Pietrukowicz P , Kozłowski S , Poleski R , Ulaczyk K , Pawlak M , Jørgensen U G , Skottfelt J , Popovas A , Ciceri S , Korhonen H , Kuffmeier M , Evans D F , Peixinho N , Hinse T C , Burgdorf M J , Southworth J , Tronsgaard R , Kerins E , Andersen M I , Rahvar S , Wang Y , Wertz O , Rabus M , Novati S Calchi , D'Ago G , Scarpetta G , Mancini L , Abe F , Asakura Y , Bennett D P , Bhattacharya A , Donachie M , Evans P , Fukui A , Hirao Y , Itow Y , Kawasaki K , Koshimoto N , Li M C A , Ling C H , Masuda K , Matsubara Y , Muraki Y , Miyazaki S , Nagakane M , Ohnishi K , Rattenbury N , Saito T o , Sharan A , Shibai H , Sullivan D J , Sumi T , Suzuki D , Tristram P J , Yamada T , Yonehara A 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of stellar binary microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-0060 based on observations obtained from 13 different telescopes. Intensive coverage of the anomalous parts of the light curve was achieved by automated follow-up observations from the robotic telescopes of the Las Cumbres Observatory. We show that, for the first time, all main features of an anomalous microlensing event are well covered by follow-up data, allowing us to estimate the physical parameters of the lens. The strong detection of second-order effects in the event light curve necessitates the inclusion of longer-baseline survey data in order to constrain the parallax vector. We find that the event was most likely caused by a stellar binary-lens with masses $M_{\star 1} = 0.87 \pm 0.12 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and $M_{\star 2} = 0.77 \pm 0.11 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The distance to the lensing system is 6.41 ± 0.14 kpc and the projected separation between the two components is 13.85 ± 0.16 au. Alternative interpretations are also considered.
Operon Concatenation Is an Ancient Feature That Restricts the Potential to Rearrange Bacterial Chromosomes
Authors: Brandis Gerrit , Cao Sha , Hughes Diarmaid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe last common ancestor of the Gammaproteobacteria carried an important 40-kb chromosome section encoding 51 proteins of the transcriptional and translational machinery. These genes were organized into eight contiguous operons (rrnB-tufB-secE-rpoBC-str-S10-spc-alpha). Over 2 Gy of evolution, in different lineages, some of the operons became separated by multigene insertions. Surprisingly, in many Enterobacteriaceae, much of the ancient organization is conserved, indicating a strong selective force on the operons to remain colinear. Here, we show for one operon pair, tufB-secE in Salmonella, that an interruption of contiguity significantly reduces growth rate. Our data show that the tufB-secE operons are concatenated by an interoperon terminator–promoter overlap that plays a significant role regulating gene expression. Interrupting operon contiguity interferes with this regulation, reducing cellular fitness. Six operons of the ancestral chromosome section remain contiguous in Salmonella (tufB-secE-rpoBC and S10-spc-alpha) and, strikingly, each of these operon pairs is also connected by an interoperon terminator–promoter overlap. Accordingly, we propose that operon concatenation is an ancient feature that restricts the potential to rearrange bacterial chromosomes and can select for the maintenance of a colinear operon organization over billions of years.
A distal enhancer maintaining Hoxa1 expression orchestrates retinoic acid-induced early ESCs differentiation
Authors: Su Guangsong , Guo Dianhao , Chen Jun , Liu Man , Zheng Jian , Wang Wenbin , Zhao Xueyuan , Yin Qingqing , Zhang Lei , Zhao Zhongfang , Shi Jiandang , Lu Wange 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) induces rapid differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), partly by activating expression of the transcription factor Hoxa1, which regulates downstream target genes that promote ESCs differentiation. However, mechanisms of RA-induced Hoxa1 expression and ESCs early differentiation remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a distal enhancer interacting with the Hoxa1 locus through a long-range chromatin loop. Enhancer deletion significantly inhibited expression of RA-induced Hoxa1 and endoderm master control genes such as Gata4 and Gata6. Transcriptome analysis revealed that RA-induced early ESCs differentiation was blocked in Hoxa1 enhancer knockout cells, suggesting a requirement for the enhancer. Restoration of Hoxa1 expression partly rescued expression levels of ∼40% of genes whose expression changed following enhancer deletion, and ∼18% of promoters of those rescued genes were directly bound by Hoxa1. Our data show that a distal enhancer maintains Hoxa1 expression through long-range chromatin loop and that Hoxa1 directly regulates downstream target genes expression and then orchestrates RA-induced early differentiation of ESCs. This discovery reveals mechanisms of a novel enhancer regulating RA-induced Hoxa genes expression and early ESCs differentiation.
Brain Marker Links Stress and Nicotine Abstinence
Authors: Allenby Cheyenne , Falcone Mary , Ashare Rebecca L , Cao Wen , Bernardo Leah , Wileyto E Paul , Pruessner Jens , Loughead James , Lerman Caryn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Subjective stress is a well-documented predictor of early smoking relapse, yet our understanding of stress and tobacco use is limited by reliance on self-reported measures of stress. We utilized a validated functional neuroimaging paradigm to examine whether stress exposure during early abstinence alters objective measures of brain function.

Methods
Seventy-five participants underwent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) on two occasions: once during smoking satiety and once following biochemically confirmed 24-hour abstinence (order counterbalanced). The primary outcome measure was brain response during stress (vs. control) blocks of the MIST, assessed using whole-brain analysis corrected for multiple comparisons using clusters determined by Z ≥ 3.1.

Results
Abstinence (vs. satiety) was associated with significantly increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, a brain region associated with inhibitory control. Abstinence-induced change in brain response to stress was positively associated with change in self-reported stress.

Conclusions
This study provides objective evidence that the brain response to stress is altered during the first 24 hours of a quit attempt compared to smoking satiety.

Implications
These results point to the potential value of inoculating smokers with stress management training prior to a quit attempt.
Tolerance to Cyclic Desiccation in Lichen Microalgae is Related to Habitat Preference and Involves Specific Priming of the Antioxidant System
Authors: Hell Aline F , Gasulla Francisco , Gonz�lez-Hourcade Mar�a , del Campo Eva M , Centeno Danilo C , Casano Leonardo M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial challenge for lichens exposed to cyclic desiccation and rehydration (D/R). However, strategies to overcome this potential stress are still being unraveled. Therefore, the physiological performance and antioxidant mechanisms of two lichen microalgae, Trebouxia sp. (TR9) and Coccomyxa simplex (Csol), were analyzed. TR9 was isolated from Ramalina farinacea, a Mediterranean fruticose epiphytic lichen adapted to xeric habitats, while Csol is the phycobiont of Solorina saccata, a foliaceous lichen that grows on humid rock crevices. The tolerance to desiccation of both species was tested by subjecting them to different drying conditions and to four consecutive daily cycles of D/R. Our results show that a relative humidity close to that of their habitats was crucial to maintain the photosynthetic rates. Concerning antioxidant enzymes, in general, manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) were induced after desiccation and decreased after rehydration. In TR9, catalase (CAT)-A increased, and its activity was maintained after four cycles of D/R. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was detected only in Csol, while glutathione reductase increased only in TR9. Transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes indicate that most isoforms of MnSOD and FeSOD were induced by desiccation and repressed after rehydration. CAT2 gene expression was also upregulated and maintained at higher levels even after four cycles of D/R in accordance with enzymatic activities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to include the complete set of the main antioxidant enzymes in desiccation-tolerant microalgae. The results highlight the species-specific induction of the antioxidant system during cyclic D/R, suggesting a priming of oxidative defence metabolism.
Mining university rankings: Publication output and citation impact as their basis
Authors: Robinson-Garcia Nicolas , Torres-Salinas Daniel , Herrera-Viedma Enrique , Docampo Domingo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
World university rankings have become well-established tools that students, university managers, and policy makers read and use. Each ranking claims to have a unique methodology capable of measuring the ‘quality’ of universities. The purpose of this article is to analyze to which extent these different rankings measure the same phenomenon and what it is that they are measuring. For this, we selected a total of seven world university rankings and performed a principal component analysis. After ensuring that despite their methodological differences, they all come together to a single component; we hypothesized that bibliometric indicators could explain what is being measured. Our analyses show that ranking scores from whichever of the seven league tables under study can be explained by the number of publications and citations received by the institution. We conclude by discussing policy implications and opportunities on how a nuanced and responsible use of rankings can help decision-making at the institutional level