bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct neural progenitor pools in the ventral telencephalon generate diversity in striatal spiny projection neurons
Authors: van Heusden Fran , Macey-Dare Anežka , Krajeski Rohan N. , Sharott Andrew , Ellender Tommas Jan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHeterogeneous populations of neural progenitors in the embryonic lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) generate all GABAergic spiny projection neurons (SPNs) found in the striatum. Here we investigate how this diversity in neural progenitors relates to diversity of adult striatal neurons and circuits. Using a combination ofin uteroelectroporation to fluorescently pulse-label striatal neural progenitors in the LGE, brain slice electrophysiology, electrical and optogenetic circuit mapping and immunohistochemistry, we characterise a population of neural progenitors enriched for apical intermediate progenitors (aIPs) and a distinct population of other progenitors (OPs) and their neural offspring. We find that neural progenitor origin has subtle but significant effects on the properties of striatal SPNs. Although aIP and OP progenitors can both generate D1-expressing direct pathway as well as D2-expressing indirect pathway SPNs found intermingled in the striatum, the aIP derived SPNs are found in more medial aspects of the striatum, exhibit more complex dendritic arbors with higher spine density and differentially sample cortical input. Moreover, optogenetic circuit mapping of the aIP derived neurons show that they further integrate within striatal circuits and innervate both local D1 and D2 SPNs. These results show that it is possible to fluorescently pulse-label distinct neural progenitor pools within the LGE and provide the first evidence that neural progenitor heterogeneity can contribute to the diversity of striatal SPNs.
Evidence for natural hybridisation and novel Wolbachia strain superinfections in the Anopheles gambiae complex from Guinea
Authors: Jeffries Claire L , Cansado-Utrilla Cintia , Beavogui Abdoul H , Stica Caleb , Lama Eugene K , Kristan Mojca , Irish Seth R , Walker Thomas 
Published: September 2019

1.SummaryWolbachia, a widespread bacterium which can influence mosquito-borne pathogen transmission, has recently been detected within Anopheles (An.) species that are malaria vectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although studies have reported Wolbachia strains in the An. gambiae complex, apparent low density and prevalence rates require confirmation. In this study, wild Anopheles mosquitoes collected from two regions of Guinea were investigated. In contrast to previous studies, RNA was extracted from adult females (n=516) to increase the chances for detection of actively expressed Wolbachia genes, determine Wolbachia prevalence rates and estimate relative strain densities. Molecular confirmation of mosquito species and Wolbachia Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were carried out to analyse phylogenetic relationships of mosquito hosts and newly discovered Wolbachia strains. Strains were detected in An. gambiae s.s. (prevalence rates of 0.0-2.8%) from the Faranah region, An. melas (prevalence rate of 11.6% - 16/138) and hybrids between these two species (prevalence rate of 40.0% - 6/15) from Senguelen in the Maferinyah region. Furthermore, a novel high-density strain, termed wAnsX, was found in an unclassified Anopheles species. The discovery of novel Wolbachia strains (particularly in members, and hybrids, of the An. gambiae complex) provides further candidate strains that could be used for future Wolbachia-based malaria biocontrol strategies.
Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset
Authors: Hong Shengjun , Prokopenko Dmitry , Dobricic Valerija , Kilpert Fabian , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Tijms Betty M. , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Vandenberghe Rik , Cleynen Isabelle , Gabel Silvy , Schaeverbeke Jolien , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Niemantsverdriet Ellis , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Olivier , Richardson Jill C. , Bordet Regis , Molinuevo José Luis , Rami Lorena ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Kettunen Petronella , Wallin Anders , Lleó Alberto , Sala Isabel , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Martinez-Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Dobson Richard J. B. , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine , ten Kate Mara , Barkhof Frederik , Zetterberg Henrik , Lovestone Simon , Streffer Johannes , Wittig Michael , Franke Andre , Tanzi Rudolph E , Visser Pieter Jelle , Bertram Lars 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Susceptibility to AD is considerably determined by genetic factors which hitherto were primarily identified using case-control designs. Elucidating the genetic architecture of additional AD-related phenotypic traits, ideally those linked to the underlying disease process, holds great promise in gaining deeper insights into the genetic basis of AD and in developing better clinical prediction models. To this end, we generated genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data in 931 participants of the European Medical Information Framework Alzheimer’s Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) sample to search for novel genetic determinants of AD biomarker variability. Specifically, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses on 16 traits, including 14 measures of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau-protein species in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to confirming the well-established effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on diagnostic outcome and phenotypes related to Aβ42, we detected novel potential signals in the zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) for CSF-Aβ38 and CSF-Aβ40 levels, and confirmed the previously described sex-specific association between SNPs in geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC) and CSF-tau. Utilizing the results from independent case-control AD GWAS to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) revealed that AD risk variants only explain a small fraction of CSF biomarker variability. In conclusion, our study represents a detailed first account of GWAS analyses on CSF-Aβ and -tau related traits in the EMIF-AD MBD dataset. In subsequent work, we will utilize the genomics data generated here in GWAS of other AD-relevant clinical outcomes ascertained in this unique dataset.
Optogenetic rescue of a developmental patterning mutant
Authors: Johnson Heath E. , Shvartsman Stanislav Y. , Toettcher Jared E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnimal embryos are partitioned into spatial domains by complex patterns of signaling and gene expression, yet it is still largely unknown what features of a developmental signal are essential. Part of the challenge arises because it has been impossible to “paint” arbitrary signaling patterns on an embryo to test their sufficiency. Here we demonstrate exactly this capability by combining optogenetic control of Ras/Erk signaling with the genetic loss of terminal signaling in earlyDrosophilaembryos. Simple all-or-none light inputs at the embryonic termini were able to completely rescue normal development, generating viable larvae and fertile adults from this otherwise-lethal genetic mutant. Systematically varying illumination parameters further revealed that at least three distinct developmental programs are triggered by different cumulative doses of Erk. These results open the door to the targeted design of complex morphogenetic outcomes as well as the ability to correct patterning errors that underlie developmental defects.SummarySpatial gradients of protein activity pattern all developing embryos. But which features of these patterns are essential and which are dispensable for development? Answering this question has been deceptively difficult, due to the difficulty of shaping spatial gradients using chemical or genetic perturbations. Johnson and colleagues use optogenetics to fully restore normal embryo development with a pattern of light, opening the door to complete control over spatial organization in developing and engineered tissues.
Stochastic activation and bistability in a Rab GTPase regulatory network
Authors: Bezeljak Urban , Loya Hrushikesh , Kaczmarek Beata , Saunders Timothy E. , Loose Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRab GTPases are the central regulators of intracellular traffic. Their function relies on a conformational change triggered by nucleotide exchange and hydrolysis. While this switch is well understood for an individual protein, how Rab GTPases collectively transition between states to generate a biochemical signal in space and time is unclear. Here, we combine in vitro reconstitution experiments with theoretical modeling to study a minimal Rab5 activation network. We find that positive feedback in this network gives rise to bistable switching of Rab5 activation and provide evidence that controlling the inactive population of Rab5 on the membrane can shape the network response. Together, our findings reveal new insights into the non-equilibrium properties and general principles of biochemical signaling networks underlying the spatiotemporal organization of the cell.
Loss ofdop-2causes increased dopamine release and locomotory defects in the presence of ethanol
Authors: Pandey Pratima , Singh Anuradha , Kaur Harjot , Ghosh-Roy Anindya , Babu Kavita 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEthanol is a widely used drug, excessive consumption of which could lead to medical conditions with diverse symptoms. Ethanol abuse causes disinhibition of memory, attention, speech and locomotion across species. Dopamine signaling plays an essential role in ethanol dependent behaviors in animals ranging fromC. elegansto humans. We devised an ethanol dependent assay in which mutants in the dopamine autoreceptor,dop-2,displayed a unique sedative locomotory behavior causing the animals to move in circles while dragging the posterior half of their body. We identify the posterior dopaminergic sensory neuron as being essential to modulate this behavior. We further demonstrate that indop-2mutants, ethanol exposure increases dopamine secretion and results in enhanced function of the DVA interneuron. DVA releases the neuropeptide NLP-12 and leads to the excitation of cholinergic motor neurons that affect movement. Thus, DOP-2 modulates dopamine levels at the synapse and regulates alcohol induced movement through NLP-12.
Numerical analysis of damage zones in a bridge
Authors: Moussaoui Mohammed Lamine , Chabaat Mohamed 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical analysis of structural monitoring for damage zones detection. The study is performed with Ansys finite element software, which reads in batch mode programming a previously generated mesh data file and computes the transient dynamic solution for each time-step iteration within an analysis time range.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach itself is applied on a bridge structure which can be potentially subjected to damage zones due to severe loads cases and or earthquakes vibrations. The ideal Von Mises failure criterion ellipsoid envelope is applied for the detection of overstepped computed stresses and strains.

Findings
This numerical analysis allows computing, for each time-step iteration, the dynamic displacements at each degree of freedom and the corresponding stresses and strains inside the elements under the action of several times dependent loads cases.

Practical implications
Several simulations are considered to quantify the external loads.

Originality/value
The material properties of reinforced concrete RC are calculated for an existing specific bridge structure case. The RC strength is then introduced from the basic compounds material properties using the corresponding volumes fractions.
Lung ultrasound for early diagnosis of postoperative need for ventilatory support: a prospective observational study
Authors: Dransart‐Rayé O. , Roldi E. , Zieleskiewicz L. , Guinot P. G. , Mojoli F. , Mongodi S. , Bouhemad B. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPulmonary complications have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in patients after major surgery. Lung ultrasound can be used at the bed‐side, and has gained widespread acceptance in the intensive care unit. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate whether lung ultrasound could be used as a predictive marker for postoperative ventilatory support in high‐risk surgical patients. We included 109 patients admitted to the intensive care unit while having mechanical ventilation of the lungs following major surgery. The PaO2/FIO2 ratio was calculated on admission and an ultrasound examination performed, including: lung (‘lung ultrasound score’, number of consolidated lung areas); cardiac (mitral flow); and inferior vena cava imaging (diameter and respiratory variation). Respiratory outcomes included: the need for ventilation support (mechanical ventilation, non‐invasive ventilation or high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy); acute respiratory distress syndrome; cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; and early or late pulmonary infection. Patients with a lung ultrasound score ≥ 10 had a lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio, and needed more postoperative ventilatory support, than patients with lung ultrasound score < 10. Twenty patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 14 had cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The presence of ≥ 2 areas of consolidated lung was associated with a lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio, postoperative ventilatory support, longer intensive care stay and episodes of ventilator‐associated pneumonia requiring antibiotics. Our results suggest that at intensive care unit admission, lung ultrasound scoring and detection of atelectasis can predict postoperative pulmonary outcomes after major visceral surgery, and could enhance bed‐side decision making.
Low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: A 15‐year experience in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Nobumichi , Asakawa Isao , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe history of prostate brachytherapy has passed one century. In 1983, modern low‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy using a transrectal ultrasound‐guided procedure was introduced. In the early 1990s, low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy was introduced and rapidly spread across the USA due to its excellent oncological control, cost‐effectiveness and technically easy procedure. Since low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy was introduced in Japan (2003), over 15 years have passed. More than 43 000 patients have undergone low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy. Japanese urologists and radiation oncologists are on course with leading brachytherapists in the USA. A nationwide prospective cohort study, J‐POPS, was initiated in 2005. The J‐POPS group also provides educational programs including an annual novel training course in low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy to familiarize urologists, radiation oncologists and pathologists with the procedure. Important information on Japanese patients has accumulated, especially by the J‐POPS study group. The Japanese investigators reported excellent oncological outcomes of low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy, showing equivalent or superior efficacy to surgery in low‐ to intermediate‐risk patients, and superior efficacy in high‐risk patients using the surgery biochemical recurrence definition (prostate‐specific antigen cut‐off value of 0.2 ng/mL). Two randomized controlled studies (SHIP study: intermediate risk, and TRIP study: high risk) carried out by the J‐POPS group are ongoing, and an additional follow‐up study (J‐POPS 2 study) has been started to evaluate survival outcomes over longer follow‐up periods. Low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy is expected to provide a survival benefit, which must be confirmed by further studies with longer follow‐up periods in the future.
Comparative analysis reveals changes in transcriptomes of sugarcane upon infection by Leifsoniaxyli subsp. xyli
Authors: Fu Yu‐Hua , Wei Jin‐Ju , Pan Yong‐Bao , Zhou Xiang , He Er‐Qi , Liu Rong , Huang Hui , Lu Jia‐Ju , Liu Fan‐Zhi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRatoon stunting disease (RSD) caused by bacterium Leifsoniaxyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) is a devastating disease of sugarcane over a large part of the world. Genetic improvement for RSD‐resistant varieties is considered the most effective method to control the disease. However, genetic improvement of sugarcane is hindered by the limited information about the molecular mechanisms underlying Lxx pathogenicity and defence responses in sugarcane. In this study, genome‐wide gene expression profiling was used to compare RSD‐resistant (CP72‐2086) and RSD‐susceptible (GT11) genotypes at different infection time points in order to identify the candidate regulators for RSD resistance. A total of 14,494 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, indicating that dramatic changes had occurred in gene expression upon Lxx infection, especially in the susceptible genotype. Enrichment analysis showed that a large number of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism was responsible for sugarcane response to Lxx infection. Plant hormone signalling pathway genes were significantly differentially expressed at the early infection stage between the two genotypes. The resistant genotype chose the jasmonic acid‐ and ethylene‐dependent host‐defence pathways to resist Lxx infection, whereas the susceptible genotype preferred the salicylic acid‐dependent host‐defence pathways. These findings help unravel the molecular mechanisms of sugarcane plant–Lxx interactions and may pave the way for sugarcane breeding for disease resistance.
Cerebrospinal fluid lactate in dogs with inflammatory central nervous system disorders
Authors: Mariani Christopher L. , Nye Carolyn J. , Tokarz Debra A. , Green Lauren , Lau Jeanie , Zidan Natalia , Early Peter J. , Guevar Julien , Muñana Karen R. , Olby Natasha J. , Miles Sarita 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate is frequently used as a biomarker in humans with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders including bacterial meningitis and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis.HypothesisCerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations are increased in a subset of dogs with inflammatory CNS disorders.AnimalsOne hundred two client‐owned dogs diagnosed with inflammatory CNS disease.MethodsCase series. Cases were identified both prospectively at the time of diagnosis and retrospectively by review of a CSF biorepository. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate was analyzed with a commercially available, handheld lactate monitor. Subcategories of inflammatory disease were created for comparison (eg, steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis, meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology).ResultsCerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations were above reference range in 47% of dogs (median, 2.5 mmol/L; range, 1.0‐11.7 mmol/L). There was no significant difference in lactate concentrations between disease subcategories (P= .48). Significant but weak correlations were noted between CSF lactate concentration and nucleated cell count (r= .33,P < .001), absolute large mononuclear cell count (r= .44,P < .001), absolute small mononuclear cell count (r= .39,P < .001), absolute neutrophil cell count (r= .24,P= .01), and protein (r= .44,P < .001). No correlation was found between CSF lactate concentration and CSF red blood cell count (P= .58). There was no significant association of CSF lactate concentration with survival (P= .27).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations could serve as a rapid biomarker of inflammatory CNS disease in dogs.
Interpretative considerations for clinical pathology findings in nonclinical toxicology studies
Authors: Aulbach Adam , Vitsky Allison , Arndt Tara , Ramaiah Lila , Logan Michael , Siska William , Cregar Laura , Tripathi Niraj , Adedeji Adeyemi , Provencher Anne , Gupta Ara , Jordan Holly , Bounous Denise , Boone Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe interpretation of clinical pathology results from nonclinical safety studies is a fundamental component in hazard identification of new drug candidates. The ever‐increasing complexity of nonclinical safety studies and sophistication of modern analytical methods have made the interpretation of clinical pathology information by a highly trained subject matter expert imperative. Certain interpretive techniques are particularly effective in the identification and characterization of clinical pathology effects. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of contemporary interpretive practices for clinical pathology results and to provide nonbinding recommendations aimed at improving consistency, quality, and overall value of clinical pathology interpretations generated in support of nonclinical toxicology studies.
‘Where Only Women May Judge’: Developing Gender-Just Islamic Laws in India’s All-Female ‘Sharī‘ah Courts’
Authors: Jones Justin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOver the last four years, India has become the centre for a major experiment in the implementation of a so-called ‘gender-just Islam’ by Islamic feminist organisations: the formation of a non-official, female-led sharī‘ah court network, within which women serve as qāẓīs (religious judges) to adjudicate disputes within Muslim families. Pre­senting themselves as counterweights to more patriarchal legal bodies, including both the official judiciary and unofficial dispute resolution forums, these sharī‘ah ‘adālats employ both state-centred and community-focused strategies to assist Muslim women experiencing marital or family-related strife. Based on interviews with female qāẓīs and associated documentary sources, I examine how the women who run these courts adjudicate family conflicts according to what they understand as both the Qur’an’s ethical teachings, and its stipulations regarding the proper methods of dispute resolution. I also argue that these all-female sharī‘ah ‘adālats reflect a shift of focus away from court litigation and legislative intervention, and towards non-state, arbitration-focused practices, as the most fruitful means to protect the needs of Muslim women in contemporary India.
Application‐Based Translaryngeal Ultrasound for the Assessment of Vocal Fold Mobility in Children
Authors: Sayyid Zahra , Vendra Varun , Meister Kara D. , Krawczeski Catherine D. , Speiser Noah J. , Sidell Douglas R. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the evaluation of vocal fold mobility between flexible nasal laryngoscopy (FNL) and a handheld application‐based translaryngeal ultrasound (TLUS) platform.Study DesignProspective analysis included patients with unknown vocal fold mobility status who underwent FNL and TLUS.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsTLUS was performed on 23 consecutive children (<18 years old) presenting for laryngoscopy due to unknown vocal fold mobility status. After the recording of three 10‐second TLUS videos as well as FNL, the study was divided into 2 parts: parental assessment of laryngeal ultrasound at the time of patient evaluation and random practitioner assessment of ultrasound videos.ResultsWe describe 23 patients who underwent TLUS and FNL. Ten patients (43.5%) had normal vocal fold function bilaterally, and 13 (56.5%) had either left or right vocal fold immobility. Family members and physicians correctly identified the presence and laterality of impaired vocal fold mobility in 22 of 23 cases (κ = 0.96). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FLUS in diagnosing vocal fold immobility were 92.3%, 100%, 100%, and 90.9%, respectively. Random practitioners accurately identified the presence and laterality of vocal fold immobility under all circumstances.ConclusionA handheld application‐based ultrasound platform is both sensitive and specific in its ability to identify vocal fold motion impairment. Portable handheld TLUS has the potential to serve as a validated screening examination, even by inexperienced providers, and in specific cases may obviate the need for an invasive transnasal laryngoscopy.