bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations on The Origin of The Ophthalmic Artery from The Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Iulia Vărgău , Petru Bordei , Viorel Ispas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The study of CT angiographies performed on a CT scanner GE LightSpeed VCT16 Slice CT revealed some morphological features of the ophthalmic artery related to origin, morphometry and the internal carotid arteries in the vicinity of this artery. The diameter of the left internal carotid artery under the origin of the ophthalmic artery was between 4.0-5.8 mm and that of the right ophthalmic artery at the same level was between 4.1-5.3 mm. Under the origin of the ophthalmic artery, the internal carotid arteries were larger in diameter on the leftside in 80% of cases, with differences of 0.1-0.3 mm, and on the right side these differences were between 0.1-0.2 mm, 20% of cases. The diameter of the left internal carotid artery above the origin of the ophthalmic artery was 3.7-5.0 mm, and the origin of the right carotid artery at the same level was 3.8-5.0 mm.
AmpC beta-lactamase enzymes are ubiquitous in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in the Nigerian catfish grow-out pond systems
Authors: Akinnibosun Faith I. , Imade Odaro S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This research was performed to ascertain the ubiquity of bacterial pathogens which hyper-produced AmpC β-lactamase enzymes in adult catfish cultured in the Nigerian catfish grow-out pond systems. Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens that hyper-produced AmpC β-lactamase enzymes. The AmpC β-lactamase enzymes produced by the bacterial pathogens were subsequently characterized by BLASTX and RPS-BLAST bioinformatics software as well as with the Cn3D molecular modelling software. Findings from the present study indicated that pathogenic bacterial strains which hyper-produced the AmpC β-lactamase enzymes were isolated from 49 catfish samples out of the 54 catfish samples which were examined. The pathogenic bacterial strains were mainly identified as Citrobacter freundii MGH 150, Enterobacter cloacae NG 14, and Enterobacter cloacae subspecies dissolvens HKE 15. The AmpC β-lactamase enzymes produced by the bacterial pathogens were also respectively identified as cephalosporinase hydrolyzing class C CMY-LAT-MOX-ACT-MIR-FOX, CMY2/MIR/ACT/EC family class C beta-lactamase, and CMY2/MIR/ACT/EC family class C beta-lactamase. The presence of AmpC enzymes that are hyper-produced by bacterial pathogens which were isolated from almost all the catfish examined calls for urgent monitoring/surveillance of the Nigerian catfish ponds by the relevant regulatory agencies.
A note on testing hypotheses concerning interaction with special reference to a graphical presentation in the space of canonical variates
Authors: Kayzer Dariusz 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Results of ecological studies that involve the use of multivariate analysis of variance techniques for testing various hypotheses, interesting from the point of view of comparing the linear functions of parameters, were considered. For testing the most interesting hypotheses on a variety of interaction effects and on contrasts of class means, the application of a multivariate test statistic is recommended. Canonical variate analysis is used for graphical presentation of the results of multidimensional experiments. In this paper it is shown how a generalized form of canonical variate analysis can be useful to reveal which parametric functions of a multivariate analysis of variance model are responsible for rejecting the linear hypothesis. As an example, an analysis was made of an ecological study of trace element accumulation in plants of Italian ryegrass as a method of biomonitoring of air pollution.
The Effect of an Electronic Exchange on Prices and Return Volatility in the Fine Wine Market
Authors: Czupryna Marcin , Oleksy Paweł 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Fine wine has become an attractive alternative asset class in recent decades. In our study, we take the market microstructural perspective and verify how innovations in trading infrastructure affect the fine wine market. More specifically, we examine the average prices and the return volatility of fine wines traded on three different trading systems: automated electronic exchange, auctions and over-the-counter agreements (the OTC market). Our findings confirm an important role of a fully automated, cost-effective wine exchange in improving pricing efficiency and reducing market risk. This may constitute useful information for professional wine traders and institutional investors, who might consider shifting from less transparent trading systems into an automated on-book venue. This may also be a valuable indication for the future development of trading infrastructure in wine and other agricultural commodity markets.
Understanding the Informal Economy in Practice – Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Efendic Nirha , Pasovic Edin , Efendic Adnan S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper provides insights into the informal economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), a post--conflict transition economy in the Western Balkan region aspiring to became part of the European Union. After the introductory section and literature review, we introduce the economic outlook of BiH and then provide evidence estimating the size of the informal economy, which is identified to be around 30% over the last couple of years. As the size of the informal economy is high and persistent, this implies that current policy approaches are not efficient in tackling this economic challenge. To understand how the informal economy operates in practice, we use data from two different surveys to assess tax morality, undeclared work and the structure of the participants in the informal economy. In the next section, we supplement the study with ethnographic insights. In particular, we identify how participants in the informal economy use it for different purposes and with different motives. This includes reliance on the informal economy as a survival strategy for households, as a way to supplement insufficient formal income, to compensate for economic insecurity, or to decrease costs of formal business by using “envelope wage” practices, but equally importantly to overcome formal institutional rigidities linked to current contradictory laws. Still, we find indications that the growth of informal business is converging to formalisation, as informality at some stages of business development becomes a burden to higher entrepreneurial growth aspirations.
Changes in the activity of ovine blood-derived macrophages stimulated with antimicrobial peptide extract (AMP) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP)
Authors: Wessely-Szponder Joanna , Szponder Tomasz , Bobowiec Ryszard , Michalska Joanna 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are a large group of innate immune effectors, which apart from antimicrobial activity show immunomodulative properties. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a source of autologous growth factors and is used for stimulation of bone and soft tissue healing. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of PRP and AMP extract on ovine monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on ovine macrophages (Mfs) previously stimulated with LPS or dexamethasone and then with preparations of PRP or AMP. Following activation of the Mfs their morphological and functional features were assessed. Results: The study revealed pro-inflammatory influence of both examined preparations on Mfs cultures on the basis of morphology, ROS generation and arginase activity. Both preparations enhanced the pro-inflammatory response of cultured Mfs. Conclusion: This activity may intensify the antimicrobial action of Mfs, however, in cases of excessive and prolonged inflammation the use of these preparations should be limited.
The role of the novel in shaping a city’s imageand its choice as a tourist destination: The case of Łódź
Authors: Włodarczyk Bogdan , Duda Michał 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Following in the footsteps of one’s favourite literary characters has become a significant part of tourism. It remains unknown, however, how many readers decide to visit the places described in a book, or what factors determine their decision to do so. This issue was analysed using the example of Łódź, the third largest city in Poland, which struggles with a negative image. In contrast to the research on literary tourism conducted so far, a questionnaire was completed by readers and not by tourists visiting the places described. The readers remembered many real locations and had become familiar with the city’s topography. Some declared their reluctance to accept its stereotypically ‘bad’ image, while others were fascinated with its ‘unique atmosphere’. To many the city has become more familiar and a significant number of readers have changed their perception of it as a result. By means of linear modelling, several factors were established which encouraged readers to visit the city for tourism purposes. These factors included the size of the reader’s home location, changes of opinion, and the first impression the book made. This research project clearly points to the significant role of the novel in creating images of the places it depicts.
Universal Autonomous Control and Management System for Multipurpose Unmanned Surface Vessel
Authors: Stateczny Andrzej , Burdziakowski Pawel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper presents design, structure and architecture of the Universal Autonomous Control and Management System (UACAMS) for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel. The system was designed, installed and implemented on the multipurpose platform - unmanned surface vessel named HydroDron. The platform is designed to execute hydrographic survey missions with multi-variant configuration of the survey system (payload?) including multi-beam echo sounder, sonar, LiDAR, automotive radar, photographic and spectral camera systems. The UACAMS designed to provide flexibility that enables to operate on the different kind of surface platform and different type of functional payload. The full system configuration provides all four level of autonomy starting from remotely controlled to full autonomous mission. Each level can be implemented and run depending on user specific requirements. The paper explains the differences between autonomous and automatic mission and shows how the autonomy is implemented into the presented system. The full hardware structural design as well as the software architecture are described. In order to confirm initial assumptions the applied system was tested during four- week sea trials and tuned for a selected vessel to confirm assumptions. In the project, also the original shore control station was designed, produced and tested for the vessel, including specific user controls and radio communication system. Conclusions sum up all crucial points of the design and system implementation process.
Motion Control and Collision Avoidance Algorithms for Unmanned Surface Vehicle Swarm in Practical Maritime Environment
Authors: Zhuang Jiayuan , Zhang Lei , Qin Zihe , Sun Hanbing , Wang Bo , Cao Jian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The issue of controlling a swarm of autonomous unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in a practical maritime environment is studied in this paper. A hierarchical control framework associated with control algorithms for the USV swarm is proposed. In order to implement the distributed control of the autonomous swarm, the control framework is divided into three task layers. The first layer is the tele-operated task layer, which delivers the human operator’s command to the remote USV swarm. The second layer deals with autonomous tasks (i.e. swarm dispersion, or avoidance of obstacles and/or inner-USV collisions), which are defined by specific mathematical functions. The third layer is the control allocation layer, in which the control inputs are designed by applying the sliding mode control method. The motion controller is proved asymptotically stable by using the Lyapunov method. Numerical simulation of USV swarm motion is used to verify the effectiveness of the control framework.
Water Entry of A Wedge Into Waves in Three Degrees Offreedom
Authors: Sun Shi Yan , Chen Hai Long , Xu Gang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The hydrodynamic problem of a two-dimensional wedge entering into a nonlinear wave in three degrees of freedom is investigated based on the incompressible velocity potential theory. The problem is solved through the boundary element method in the time domain. To avoid numerical difficulties due to an extremely small contact area at the initial stage, a stretched coordinate system is used based on the ratio of the Cartesian system in the physical space to the distance travelled by the wedge in the vertical direction. The mutual dependence of body motion and wave loading is decoupled by using the auxiliary function method. Detailed results about body accelerations, velocities and displacements at different Froude numbers or different waves are provided, and the mutual effect between body motion and wave loading is analysed in depth.
A Multi-Layered Potential Field Method for Water-Jet Propelled Unmanned Surface Vehicle Local Path Planning with Minimum Energy Consumption
Authors: Wang Shasha , Fu Mingyu , Wang Yuanhui , Zhao Liangbo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Focusing on the influence of wind and surface currents on local path planning in the marine environment, a multilayered potential field (MPF) method is proposed to minimize the energy consumption of a water-jet propelled unmanned surface vehicle (USV). A synthetic environment framework that can incorporate the information of the base potential field layer and the environment layer is constructed first. This framework provides a base for minimizing the energy consumption of the water-jet propelled USV through proper force weighting. For the purpose of USV path planning, the traditional potential field method is extended by including the velocity information of the USV and the approached obstacles to avoid collisions with dynamic obstacles. The proposed method integrates kinematic control to prevent considering the vehicle as a point mass or rigid body. Finally, simulation and comparison experiments are performed to demonstrate the energy-saving efficiency of the proposed local path planning approach for the water-jet propelled USV.
Analysis of County Geoportals in Terms of Opportunities to Purchase Data of the Register of Real Estate Prices and Values Online
Authors: Halik Łukasz 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We live in an information society for which the Internet, as a global system of connections between computers and, consequently, databases stored in them, plays a highly important part. Hence, more and more real property data are available. This article is devoted to the analysis of the opportunities to purchase the Register of Real Estate Prices and Values (RREPV) online from county geoportals. RREPV is one of the sources of information used in the process of real estate value estimation. Pursuant to § 74 of the Regulation on the Land and Property Register, the register is kept by the head of the county. There are 380 counties in Poland, including 66 city counties. Such a big number of administrative units in Poland, along with a great variety of different information and communication systems used for keeping RREPV, results in the fact that online access to the register data is not possible everywhere. The aim of the paper is to present the spatial layout of counties which: created the opportunity to access the National Geodetic and Cartographic Resource data via county geoportals, launched special modules for handling real estate appraisers and made it possible to purchase RREPV data online.
Use of Investment Areas in Special Economic Zones in Poland in the Context of Planned Legislation Changes
Authors: Lizińska Wiesława 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Boundaries of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Poland change constantly and preferential conditions, including attractive investment land sites, become important factors underlining a decision to choose the location of an enterprise.
Not all land allocated to investment projects within special economic zones in Poland has been developed and, in the context of planned amendments to the law regulating SEZs, it is worth asking whether the extent to which the zones are developed will change once the new law becomes effective. This is an important question because much of the investment land offered by SEZs is composed of land plots ready to be developed.
The aim of this paper has been to diagnose and assess the current level and changes in the development of investment areas within special economic zones in Poland. Attention was paid to potential consequences of the planned amendments in the Act on the Principles of Supporting New Investments to the management of areas enclosed in SEZs.
The research data were obtained from the Ministry of Development, published in Reports on the Implementation of the Act on Special Economic Zones (covering the years 2009-2016), and from the Polish Investment and Trade Agency (PAIH).
Medical evaluation and management of male and female voiding dysfunction: a review
Authors: Murphy Alana , Teplitsky Seth , Das Akhil K. , Leong Joon Yau , Margules Andrew , Lallas Costas D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A significant workforce shortage of urologists available to serve the US population has been projected to occur over the next decade. Accordingly, much of the management of urologic patients will need to be assumed by other specialties and practitioners. Since primary care physicians are often first evaluate common urologic complaints, it makes sense that these physicians are in an excellent position to intervene in the management of these patients when appropriate. One of the most common complaints in urology is voiding dysfunction. The incidence of voiding dysfunction increases with age, with conservative estimates showing that over 50% of elderly patients suffer. Despite this high prevalence and its negative impact on quality of life, however, few seek or receive treatment, as many do not readily disclose these impactful yet personal symptoms. We sought to summarize the typical presentation, evaluation, assessment and therapeutic options for both male and female patients presenting with voiding dysfunction.
Decarburization of the Carbon Steel C45 During Annealing in Air
Authors: Zorc Matija , Nagode Aleš , Bizjak Milan , Zorc Borut 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In production it is necessary to achieve conditions that lead to the minimum decarburization of a steel product’s surfaces. In this study, the hypo-eutectoid carbon steel C45 was annealed in air in the temperature range T
a = 600–1100 °C. The annealing times were between t
a = ½ h and t
a = 2 h. Different decarburizations occurred in different microstructures: ferrite–pearlite (T
a = 600 °C and 700 °C, T
a < AC1, no visible decarburization); ferrite–austenite (T
a = 760 °C, AC1 < T
a < AC3, visible decarburization); austenite at the beginning, ferrite– austenite after the incubation period (Ta = 850 °C, AC3 < T
a < 912 °C, visible decarburization); and austenite (T
a= 950 °C and 1100 °C, T
a> 912 °C, visible decarburization and overheating of steel). The edges were more prone to decarburization and to overheating. Stress relieving, normalizing and annealing before quenching of the steel C45 can be carried out in air.
Professional and Pedagogical Aspect of Developing Open Education in the Field of Future Specialists’ Training at British Universites
Authors: Hubina Oksana 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of the study on the professional and pedagogical aspect of developing open education in higher education institutions in the UK. It is established that as a result of society informatization, the new requirements for training of future specialists arise. Solving requirements means to create an improved open (computer-based) environment with advanced computer facilities of educational institutions, laboratories, libraries; updating methodological support, pedagogical technologies and the content of distance and e-learning based on the use of ICT; introducing new forms and methods of organizing the education process; introducing open educational systems; using the method of forming information and communication competences in scientific and pedagogical workers, methods for evaluating the quality of open electronic systems and free access to open educational resources; as well as to study the condition, trends and monitoring of open education development. The principles of constructing professional training in British universities are presented, namely, the consolidation of educational courses into blocks (general, special and professional and pedagogical), the use of innovative technologies (distance, credit, modular, personalized, mutual, tutoring, massive open educational courses (MOOC)) and innovative forms of education such as eco-education, media education, peace-education (education in the spirit of peace) and intercultural education. It is proved that the main advantages of open education are accessibility, flexibility, parallelism, modularity, efficiency, internationalization and co-ordination, which make it possible for everyone to receive education. The use of elements of open education provides not only access to digital content, but also helps to improve the system of education management and monitor its quality.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS PRESENTES EM BIOFILMES DE SUPERFÍCIES METÁLICAS
Authors: Rocha Carlos Henrique Lopes , Muniz Geovane Santos , Rocha Flaiane Maria Galvão 
Published: April 2019

Resumo. Objetivos: Considerado a importância dos biofilmes, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características da comunidade bacteriana existente em biofilmes associados a superfície de torneiras dispensadoras de água potável. Material e métodos: As amostras foram coletadas na abertura das torneiras, células foram semeadas, contadas e submetidas a coloração de Gram, testes de assimilação de carbono (BIOLOG) e Rugai. Resultados: Com o presente trabalho foi possível visualizar tanto bactérias Gram-positivas quanto negativas e quantificar as unidades formadoras de colônias por swab (UFC/Swab) encontradas em cada dispersador de água potável. Conclusões: As bactérias encontradas utilizam diversas fontes de carbono disponíveis para produção de nutrientes que neceita para sua sobrevivência, o método escolhido foi eficiente para classificação das bactérias encontradas.