bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A limited number of double-strand DNA breaks are sufficient to delay cell cycle progression
Authors: van den Berg Jeroen , Manjón Anna G. , Kielbassa Karoline , Feringa Femke M. , Freire Raimundo , Medema René H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDNA damaging agents cause a variety of lesions, of which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most genotoxic. Unbiased approaches aimed at investigating the relationship between the number of DSBs and outcome of the DNA damage response have been challenging due to the random nature in which damage is induced by classical DNA damaging agents. Here we describe a CRISPR/Cas9-based system that permits us to efficiently introduce DSBs at defined sites in the genome. Using this system, we show that a guide RNA targeting only a single site in the human genome can trigger a checkpoint response that is potent enough to delay cell cycle progression. Abrogation of this checkpoint leads to DNA breaks in mitosis which give rise to micronucleated daughter cells.
Ordered arrangement of dendrites within aC. eleganssensory nerve bundle
Authors: Yip Zhiqi Candice , Heiman Maxwell G. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBiological systems are organized into well-ordered structures and can evolve new patterns when perturbed. To identify principles underlying biological order, we turned toC. elegansfor its simple anatomy and powerful genetics. We developed a method to quantify the arrangement of three dendrites in the main sensory nerve bundle, and found that they exhibit a stereotyped arrangement throughout larval growth. Dendrite order does not require prominent features including sensory cilia and glial junctions. In contrast, loss of the cell adhesion molecule (CAM) CDH-4/Fat-like cadherin causes dendrites to be ordered randomly, despite remaining bundled. Loss of the CAMs PTP-3/LAR or SAX-7/L1CAM causes dendrites to adopt an altered order, which becomes increasingly random as animals grow. Misexpression of SAX-7 leads to subtle but reproducible changes in dendrite order. Our results suggest that differential expression of CAMs allows dendrites to self-organize into a stereotyped arrangement that readily gives rise to new patterns when perturbed.
Effect of TDA‐producing Phaeobacter inhibens on the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum in non‐axenic algae and copepod systems
Authors: Rasmussen Bastian Barker , Erner Katrine Ege , Bentzon‐Tilia Mikkel , Gram Lone 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe expanding aquaculture industry plays an important role in feeding the growing human population and with the expansion, sustainable bacterial disease control, such as probiotics, becomes increasingly important. Tropodithietic acid (TDA)‐producing Phaeobacter spp. can protect live feed, for example rotifers and Artemia as well as larvae of turbot and cod against pathogenic vibrios. Here, we show that the emerging live feed, copepods, is unaffected by colonization of the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum, making them potential infection vectors. However, TDA‐producing Phaeobacter inhibens was able to significantly inhibit V. anguillarum in non‐axenic cultures of copepod Acartia tonsa and the copepod feed Rhodomonas salina. Vibrio grew to 106 CFU ml−1 and 107 CFU ml−1 in copepod and R. salina cultures, respectively. However, vibrio counts remained at the inoculum level (104 CFU ml−1) when P. inhibens was also added. We further developed a semi‐strain‐specific qPCR for V. anguillarum to detect and quantify the pathogen in non‐axenic systems. In conclusion, P. inhibens efficiently inhibits the fish larval pathogen V. anguillarum in the emerging live feed, copepods, supporting its use as a probiotic in aquaculture. Furthermore, qPCR provides an effective method for detecting vibrio pathogens in complex non‐axenic live feed systems.
Consider the source: Children link the accuracy of text‐based sources to the accuracy of the author
Authors: Vanderbilt Kimberly E. , Ochoa Karlena D. , Heilbrun Jayd 
Published: May 2018

The present research investigated whether young children link the accuracy of text‐based information to the accuracy of its author. Across three experiments, three‐ and four‐year‐olds (N = 231) received information about object labels from accurate and inaccurate sources who provided information both in text and verbally. Of primary interest was whether young children would selectively rely on information provided by more accurate sources, regardless of the form in which the information was communicated. Experiment 1 tested children's trust in text‐based information (e.g., books) written by an author with a history of either accurate or inaccurate verbal testimony and found that children showed greater trust in books written by accurate authors. Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1 and extended them by showing that children's selective trust in more accurate text‐based sources was not dependent on experience trusting or distrusting the author's verbal testimony. Experiment 3 investigated this understanding in reverse by testing children's trust in verbal testimony communicated by an individual who had authored either accurate or inaccurate text‐based information. Experiment 3 revealed that children showed greater trust in individuals who had authored accurate rather than inaccurate books. Experiment 3 also demonstrated that children used the accuracy of text‐based sources to make inferences about the mental states of the authors. Taken together, these results suggest children do indeed link the reliability of text‐based sources to the reliability of the author.
Statement of Contribution

Existing knowledge

Children use sources’ prior accuracy to predict future accuracy in face‐to‐face verbal interactions.

Children who are just learning to read show increased trust in text bases (vs. verbal) information.

It is unknown whether children consider authors’ prior accuracy when judging the accuracy of text‐based information.

New knowledge added by this article

Preschool children track sources’ accuracy across communication mediums – from verbal to text‐based modalities and vice versa.

Children link the reliability of text‐based sources to the reliability of the author.
Videos as learning objects in MOOCs: A study of specialist and non‐specialist participants' video activity in MOOCs
Authors: Stöhr Christian , Stathakarou Natalia , Mueller Franziska , Nifakos Sokratis , McGrath Cormac 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite the emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs) and the field of MOOC research, we have a limited understanding of the specific needs of different learner groups and how MOOCs can successfully address those needs. Video lectures and demonstrations are a central learning component of MOOCs. This paper contributes to the research community by examining the use of MOOC videos for two groups of learners. In particular, we explore whether there is an observable difference between specialists' and non‐specialists' video‐watching activity. We analyse data collected from three MOOCs on the edX platform. Our findings indicate that while age and educational background impacts the level of video activity, there is no significant difference between specialists and non‐specialists. We conclude that the MOOC format may be suited to non‐specialist groups, allowing them to self‐direct their learning and utilise videos as educational resources.
Substrate receptors of proteasomes
Authors: Jiang Tian‐Xia , Zhao Mei , Qiu Xiao‐Bo 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTProteasomes are responsible for the turnover of most cellular proteins, and thus are critical to almost all cellular activities. A substrate entering the proteasome must first bind to a substrate receptor. Substrate receptors can be classified as ubiquitin receptors and non‐ubiquitin receptors. The intrinsic ubiquitin receptors, including proteasome regulatory particle base subunits 1, 10 and 13 (Rpn1, Rpn10, and Rpn13), determine the capability of the proteasome to recognize a ubiquitin chain, and thus provide selectivity for the 26S proteasome. However, the non‐ubiquitin receptors, including proteasome activator 200 (PA200) and PA28γ, have received great attention due to their remarkable compensatory roles relative to canonical ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation. Herein we review recent advances in understanding the contributions of these substrate receptors to proteasomal degradation, and introduce their substrates and interacting factors. We also provide insights into their biological functions related to spermatogenesis, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, and tumour development. Finally, we summarize advances in developing small‐molecule inhibitors of these substrate receptors and discuss their potential as drug targets.
Assessing species saturation: conceptual and methodological challenges
Authors: Olivares Ingrid , Karger Dirk N. , Kessler Michael 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIs there a maximum number of species that can coexist? Intuitively, we assume an upper limit to the number of species in a given assemblage, or that a lineage can produce, but defining and testing this limit has proven problematic. Herein, we first outline seven general challenges of studies on species saturation, most of which are independent of the actual method used to assess saturation. Among these are the challenge of defining saturation conceptually and operationally, the importance of setting an appropriate referential system, and the need to discriminate among patterns, processes and mechanisms. Second, we list and discuss the methodological approaches that have been used to study species saturation. These approaches vary in time and spatial scales, and in the variables and assumptions needed to assess saturation. We argue that assessing species saturation is possible, but that many studies conducted to date have conceptual and methodological flaws that prevent us from currently attaining a good idea of the occurrence of species saturation.
Neuromotor development in children. Part 4: new norms from 3 to 18 years
Authors: Kakebeeke Tanja H , Knaier Elisa , Chaouch Aziz , Caflisch Jon , Rousson Valentin , Largo Remo H , Jenni Oskar G 
Published: May 2018

AimThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to provide normative data for motor proficiency (motor performance and contralateral associated movements [CAMs]) in typically developing children between 3 years and 18 years of age using an updated version of the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment (ZNA‐2).MethodSix‐hundred and sixteen typically developing children between 3 years and 18 years of age were enrolled from day‐care centres, kindergartens, and schools, and were tested using the ZNA‐2 with improved items of the original battery. Motor proficiency was assessed on five components (fine motor tasks, pure motor tasks, static balance, dynamic balance, and CAMs) as a function of age and sex to determine centile curves for each task. Intraobserver, interobserver, and test–retest reliabilities were evaluated.ResultsMost ZNA‐2 tasks featured a marked developmental trend and substantial interindividual variability. Test–retest reliability was generally high (e.g. static balance 0.67; CAMs 0.81; and total scores 0.84).InterpretationThe ZNA‐2 is a reliable and updated test instrument to measure motor proficiency in children from 3 to 18 years with improved properties for assessing motor performance. It allows continuous measurement without changing items for the entire age range; this feature of the ZNA‐2 is unique and makes the instrument suitable for clinical purposes. The reduction of CAMs scoring simplifies the clinical procedure and increases its reliability.What this paper adds

The Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, Second Edition (ZNA‐2) provides new norms for motor proficiency in children between 3 years and 18 years.

High reliabilities suggest that the revised test battery is a useful tool for assessing neuromotor development.

Integration of a ‘not able to perform’ category makes the ZNA‐2 suitable for clinical purposes.
Adult‐onset Still's disease initially thought to be an odontogenic infection: A case report
Authors: Hino Shunsuke , Nakamura Satoshi , Kaneko Takahiro , Horie Norio , Shimoyama Tetsuo 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo present a case of Adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) initially suspected to be odontogenic inflammation.BackgroundAdult‐onset Still's disease is a rare, complex autoinflammatory disease and a known cause of fever of unknown origin.Materials and methodsThe patient had both a fever and dental pain. Following meticulous examination, the patient was diagnosed with AOSD.ConclusionClinicians should keep in mind that a patient such as AOSD may visit their clinics.
Closed loop control system for dough fermentation based on image processing
Authors: Yousefi‐Darani Abdolrahim , Paquet‐Durand Olivier , Zettel Viktoria , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of the proofing process in baking industry, no online measurement system is available so far, which can supervise this process step. This article presents the application of a model‐based tuned PID controller to the proofing process in bread baking. The work includes developing an on‐line monitoring system in order to measure volume evaluation of dough pieces during the proofing process and applying the corrective actions to minimize the size variation caused by alteration in amount of yeast added to the ingredients. The controller was tuned by an optimization method. For this purpose, a mathematical model representing the volume evaluation of dough pieces during proofing was identified, which allows an off‐line search for optimal parameters of the controller. The application of the proposed control strategy to an actual proofing chamber for controlling dough leavening during the proofing process was found to be successful.Practical applicationsBesides judging the right amount of proofing time, which is always challenging in the baking industry, alteration in ingredients and different starting states of the dough (normal dough frozen dough or thawed dough) will influence the required time for the proofing process. Any changes in time requirements in the process steps creates a backlog in the whole process, which will lead to inefficient manufacturing and low product quality. Online monitoring and automation process control of the proofing process is an alternative method to overcome these problems. The present research introduces an automated control system based on machine vision for controlling the proofing process in the baking industry. The automated control system is able to reduce the need for close monitoring and process adjustments by human operators, which leads to enhanced productivity and constant high product quality.
Acid‐etching of zinc metal particles augments adsorption and removal of cashew allergens from extracts
Authors: Li Yichen , Bren‐Mattison Yvette , Grimm Casey C. , Mattison Christopher P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFood allergens can cause severe reactions even in very small amounts, and accidental allergen exposure poses a serious threat. Methods that can be used to reduce or eliminate allergens are sorely needed in the food processing industry. The binding of cashew allergens to zinc particles was evaluated, and a process was developed to reduce cashew nut allergens from extracts using acid‐etched zinc particles. While no allergen binding was detected with untreated zinc particles, SDS‐PAGE, and immunoblot revealed that following acid treatment, recruitment, and adsorption of cashew allergens to zinc surfaces was increased. Trypsin digestion and LC‐MS/MS analysis of protein bound to zinc particles revealed the presence of Ana o 2 and Ana o 3 specific peptides. The results indicated that recruitment of cashew allergens, particularly Ana o 3, to zinc particles is enhanced due to the acid‐etching of the zinc surface. The findings suggest the use of acid‐etched metal surfaces, such as zinc, can be used to reduce cashew nut allergens from extracts. This simple procedure could be used in future processing steps to reduce or eliminate cashew nut allergens from extracts used in food preparation.Practical applicationsCashew allergens can cause severe reactions even in very minute amounts. Acid‐etched zinc particles were shown to reduce the allergen content of cashew nut extracts. The process developed here was particularly good at removing the small Ana o 3 allergen from cashew nut extracts, but also partially removed Ana o 1 and 2. Cashew allergen binding to zinc particles occurred following acid treatment, but was not detectable in the absence of acid treatment. Preparation of acid‐etched zinc particles could potentially be used in the peanut and tree nut butter industries to create hypoallergenic nut‐based spreads as alternatives to those that are currently commercially available.
Initial Validation of Measures of Sanctification in Same‐Sex Romantic Relationships and Sexual Behavior
Authors: Phillips Russell E. , Avant Sierrah , Kalp David , Cenkner David , Lucci Michael , Herndon Rachel , Maccarelli Alex 
Published: May 2018

AbstractResearchers have created reliable and valid scales of the sanctification of romantic relationships and sexual behavior of opposite‐sex couples. The goal of the present study is to assess the reliability and validity of sanctification measures within same‐sex romantic relationships. Measures of sanctification and relationship adjustment were given to 256 persons in same‐sex romantic relationships living in the United States. Both sanctification measures had Cronbach alpha values above 0.80. Sanctification related to relationship adjustment in expected ways. Controlling for demographic variables, general religiosity, and self‐perceived spirituality, the sanctification of a same‐sex romantic relationship was associated with greater investment in the partnership, emotional intimacy toward one's partner, and relationship satisfaction. Sanctifying same‐sex sexual behavior related to more frequent sex and more positive emotions toward sex, after controlling for demographic variables, general religiosity, and perceived spirituality. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Hardness of Incubation Waters on the Hatching Success of Hybrid Eggs of ♀ Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Blue Catfish, Ictalurus furcatus
Authors: Chatakondi Nagaraj G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHatching efficiency is generally lower in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus × blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, hybrid catfish hatcheries compared to hatcheries hatching pond‐spawned channel catfish eggs. Egg quality and hatching water hardness are known variables influencing the efficiency of hybrid catfish fry production in hatcheries. Previous research recommended that at least 60 mg/L hardness had to be contributed only by calcium to optimize the hatching success of hybrid catfish eggs. However, whether the effect of waterborne magnesium in hatching waters facilitates or impedes the hatching success of hybrid catfish is not known. Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of calcium alone or magnesium hardness, in combination with the hatching success of hybrid catfish eggs. Trial 1 showed that if the previously identified minimum hardness criterion of 60 mg/L was met by calcium in the hatching waters, added magnesium had no effect on the hatching success of hybrid catfish eggs. Trial 2 showed that the previously identified minimum hardness of 60 mg/L can be met by either calcium alone or magnesium replacing up to 50% of the total hardness in the hatchery waters for optimal hatching success of hybrid catfish eggs. Calcium provides a specific requirement during embryonic development of catfish. The results from this study can be used to design treatment processes for hatchery water supplies to improve efficiency of hybrid catfish fry production in hatcheries.
Physical activity as a model for health neuroscience
Authors: Stillman Chelsea M. , Erickson Kirk I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHealth neuroscience is a new interdisciplinary field that combines theories and techniques from health psychology and cognitive and social–affective neuroscience in order to understand how the brain affects and is affected by health behaviors. Physical activity (PA) research can serve as a useful model for various ways in which the brain can be incorporated into health neuroscience studies to better understand variability in the adoption and maintenance of, as well as benefits gained from, health behaviors. Here, we summarize evidence linking PA to brain and cognitive performance from studies conceptualizing the brain as either an outcome or mediator of cognitive change. We then discuss an emerging body of studies using a brain as a predictor approach. We discuss how studies using this approach complement existing PA studies and provide insight into a major source of variability in the outcomes of PA interventions, above and beyond the variability accounted for by known biological and demographic moderators. A more complete understanding of the bidirectional relationships between brain and behaviors, such as PA, could provide valuable insight into how to tailor interventions to optimally affect individuals, identify key barriers, and inform the development of novel policies to promote public health.
Catheter ablation of papillary muscle arrhythmias: Implications of mitral valve prolapse and systolic dysfunction
Authors: Lee Adam , Hamilton‐Craig Christian , Denman Russell , Haqqani Haris M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe left ventricular (LV) papillary muscles are important components of the mitral valve apparatus. Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias from these sites is challenging. We aim to describe the association between LV papillary muscle ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and mitral valve prolapse (MVP), and to determine the outcomes of ablation in these patients with a focus on those with MVP and cardiomyopathy.MethodsA total of 152 patients underwent 170 consecutive procedures for ablation of focal VAs. MVP and cardiomyopathy were diagnosed by echocardiography. Outcomes following ablation were assessed in three groups: (1) LV papillary muscle VAs versus other sites, (2) LV papillary muscle VAs by the presence of MVP, and (3) LV papillary muscle VAs in the setting of cardiomyopathy.ResultsNine of 23 (39%) patients undergoing ablation of LV papillary muscle VAs had MVP compared to none of 129 (0%) patients at other sites (P < 0.001). In the former group, acute procedural success was achieved in 60% and 80% of those with and without MVP, respectively (P = 0.28). Medium‐term outcomes were comparable (P = 0.75). In patients with cardiomyopathy, the median LV ejection fraction improved from 40% to 54% following ablation (P = 0.007).ConclusionsAlthough MVP is strongly associated with LV papillary muscle VAs, MVP does not adversely affect the acute or medium‐term outcomes of ablation. Systolic function can improve following ablation in patients with ectopy‐mediated cardiomyopathy due to papillary muscle VAs.