bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical ribs—An anatomical obstacle for upper limb regional blocks
Authors: Moreno Enrique , Dirzu Dan Sebastian , Bastías Moraga María Fernanda , Fajardo Pérez Mario 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnatomic variations of the cervical and supraclavicular regions are possible with an impact on regional anesthesia strategy. The presence of cervical ribs may obstruct needle visualization for brachial plexus block in those regions. Preprocedural scan may help in choosing the appropriate technique.
Newborn with a solitary hairless skin defect on the scalp vertex
Authors: Koumaki Dimitra , Koumaki Vasiliki , Boumpoucheropoulos Sotirios , Baltaga Ludmila , Bitados Panagiotis , Katoulis Alexander , Krasagakis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAplasia cutis congenita is a rare congenital disorder usually presenting as an isolated lesion on the scalp that may be associated with genetic syndromes and congenital anomalies. Therefore, it is important to be aware of this syndrome.
Determining Conditions of Intermittently Fed Digesters from Biogas Production Rate Data
Authors: Eccleston Robin , Bongards Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs the contribution from renewable energy to the power grid increases, biogas plants could profit from on‐demand production. Flexible feeding can supplement gas storage for further benefits. Changing to flexible feeding introduces transient events to the feeding, and by monitoring the system response to the feeding transients it is possible to gain information about the system stability. Testing was performed at the laboratory and pilot scale to investigate the response characteristics. A statistical analysis was carried out to assess the response to feeding events and make an estimate of the system stability. This analysis was then used as the input to a proportional integral derivative controller for controlling the feeding rate for an anaerobic digestion model No. 1 simulation.
Access to Photoreactive Core‐Shell Nanomaterials by Photoinitiated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Molle Edgar , Le Dao , Norizadeh Abbariki Tannaz , Akdemir Meryem S. , Takamiya Masanari , Miceli Enrico , Kassel Olivier , Delaittre Guillaume 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report the straightforward synthesis of photoreactive nanoobjects exhibiting various colloidal morphologies by photoinitiated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA). Poly(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) copolymers with pendent UV‐activatable diaryl tetrazole moieties were employed as macromolecular chain‐transfer agents in water for the dispersion photopolymerization of 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate under visible light. This led to the in situ formation of amphiphilic block copolymers, driving the self‐assembly into core‐shell nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nano/microvesicles. The tetrazole group present in the shell of the nanoobjects permitted functionalization with various functional molecules and polymers via UV‐triggered nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole–ene cycloaddition (NITEC), enabling the alteration of surface properties of the nanomaterials (fluorescence, charge, hydrophilicity).
A Simple Strategy for Easily Assembling 3D Printed Miniaturized Cells Suitable for Simultaneous Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Analyses
Authors: Dossi Nicolò , Toniolo Rosanna , Terzi Fabio , Grazioli Cristian , Svigelj Rossella , Gobbi Filippo , Bontempelli Gino 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA rapid and user‐friendly approach is here presented for assembling smart and versatile platforms for simultaneous electrochemical and spectrophotometric measurements. They consist of an optically transparent pencil‐drawn electrochemical cell, including reference, counter and working carbon electrodes, assembled on flexible PVC supports, exploiting a commercial desktop digitally controlled plotter/cutter. This cell is installed on a U shaped 3D printed polylactic frame where a second transparent window consisting of an unmodified PVC layer was also applied. After optimization of the fabrication procedure, the electrochemical and optical characterization of the assembled miniaturized platforms was performed by using aqueous electrolytes and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as redox probe. These devices were then tested by a proof‐of‐concept direct and simultaneous electrochemical and spectrophotometric quantification of a commonly used food dye (Brilliant Blue, E‐133) in soft‐drinks and candies. Spectrophotometric and electrochemical determinations can be performed at the same time, providing simultaneous information and enabling a concomitant comparison and validation of the results obtained.
Isthmusectomy in selected patients with well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Park Hakyoung , Harries Victoria , McGill Marlena R. , Ganly Ian , Shah Jatin P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIsthmusectomy in the treatment of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) is controversial. In this study, we analyze the outcomes of WDTC managed by isthmusectomy alone.MethodsForty‐three patients treated with isthmusectomy alone were identified from an institutional database of 6259 surgically treated patients with WDTC. Patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed. Disease‐specific survival (DSS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsThe pT classification was T1 for 41 and T2 for two patients. All were clinical N0, but 10 pts were pN1a. Using the American Thyroid Association risk stratification system, 9 patients were low‐risk and 22 were intermediate‐risk. One patient developed local recurrence, and two developed regional lymph node metastases; the 5‐ and 10‐year DSS was 100.0%. The 5‐ and 10‐year RFS was 93.1%.ConclusionsIsthmusectomy alone is an acceptable procedure in selected patients with low‐ and intermediate‐risk WDTC limited to the isthmus.
Malignant development in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders detected through nationwide screening: Outcomes of 5‐year follow‐up at a single hospital
Authors: Chiang Wei‐Fan , Liu Shyun‐Yeu , Lin Jen‐Fen , Chiu Sheng‐Fu , Gou Shin‐Bin , Chiou Chang‐Ta , Chang Chi‐Hua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough survival rate and quality of life are improved if patients with oral carcinoma can be detected early, however, such lesions are usually asymptomatic; therefore, it is hard to raise awareness. Screening has proved to be cost‐effective for early detection.MethodsSixty‐two patients with oral carcinomas and 555 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) who were detected through screening were examined the relationship between clinicopathological features and follow‐up outcomes.ResultsThe 5‐year cumulative cancer‐free interval rate was 94.1%, and the annual malignant transformation rate was 1.16%. The rate of interval carcinoma development from Candida hyperplasia, oral submucous fibrosis, homogeneous leukoplakia, non‐homogenous leukoplakia, and verrucous hyperplasia, was 13.6%, 5.7%, 4.6%, 12.1%, and 21.3%, respectively. Significant independent risk factors for interval carcinoma development were heavy betel quid chewing, verrucous hyperplasia, and surgery refusal.ConclusionsWell‐designed risk assessment, treatment, and surveillance program could lead to earlier cancer detection and thereby reduce mortality and morbidity.
Denosumab Prevents Early Periprosthetic Bone Loss After Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty: Results from a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Nyström Andreas , Kiritopoulos Demostenis , Ullmark Gösta , Sörensen Jens , Petrén-Mallmin Marianne , Milbrink Jan , Hailer Nils P , Mallmin Hans 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Implant loosening is the most common indication for revision surgery after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although bone resorption around the implants plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of loosening, it is unknown whether potent early inhibition of osteoclasts could mitigate this process and thus reduce the need for revision surgery. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in 64 patients aged 35 to 65 years with unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip. They underwent surgery with an uncemented THA and were randomized to either two subcutaneous doses of denosumab (n = 32) or placebo (n = 32) given 1 to 3 days and 6 months after surgery. Patients were followed for 24 months. Primary outcome was periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip at 12 months as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition, [18F] sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/CT (F-PET) was performed in half of the patients for analysis of periprosthetic standardized uptake value (SUV). Analyses were made according to intention-to-treat principles. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov 2011-001481-18, NCT01630941. Denosumab potently inhibited early periprosthetic bone loss. After 12 months, BMD in the denosumab group was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22–44) higher in Gruen zone 7 and 11% (95% CI 8–15) higher in zones 1 to 7. After 24 months, the difference in BMD between groups had decreased to 15% (95% CI 4–27) in zone 7 and 4% (95% CI 0–8) in zones 1 to 7. In both groups, SUV increased after surgery, but the increase was less pronounced in the denosumab group. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism decreased in the denosumab group in the first 12 months, but a rebound effect with marker concentrations above baseline was observed after 24 months. Denosumab potently prevents early periprosthetic bone loss after uncemented THA; however, the effect diminishes after discontinuation of treatment. Further research is needed to determine whether this bone loss will prove to be of clinical importance and, if so, whether the positive effect observed in this study could be preserved by either prolonged treatment with denosumab or additional antiresorptive treatment. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Retention in care and factors critical for effectively implementing antiretroviral adherence clubs in a rural district in South Africa
Authors: Bock Peter , Gunst Colette , Maschilla Leonard , Holtman Rory , Grobbelaar Nelis , Wademan Dillon , Dunbar Rory , Fatti Geoffrey , Kruger James , Ford Nathan , Hoddinott Graeme , Meehan Sue‐Ann 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionDifferentiated models of care that include referral of antiretroviral treatment (ART) clients to adherence clubs are an important strategy to help clinics manage increased number of clients living with HIV in resource‐constrained settings. This study reported on (i) clinical outcomes among ART clients attending community‐based adherence clubs and (ii) experiences of adherence clubs and perceptions of factors key to successful adherence club implementation among clients and healthcare workers.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of routine data and a descriptive analysis of data collected through self‐administered surveys completed by clients and healthcare workers were completed. Clients starting ART at the study clinic, between January 2014 and December 2015, were included in the cohort analysis and followed up until December 2016. The survey data were collected from August to September 2017. The primary outcome for the cohort analysis was a comparison of loss to follow‐up (LTFU) between clients staying in clinic care and those referred to adherence clubs. Survey data reported on client experiences of and healthcare worker perceptions of adherence club care.ResultsCohort analysis reported on 465 participants, median baseline CD4 count 374 (IQR: 234 to 532) cells/μl and median follow‐up time 20.7 (IQR 14.1 to 27.7) months. Overall, 202 (43.4%) participants were referred to an adherence club. LTFU was lower in those attending an adherence club (aHR =0.25, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.56). This finding was confirmed on analysis restricted to those eligible for adherence club referral (aHR =0.28, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.65). Factors highlighted as associated with successful adherence club implementation included: (i) referral of stable clients to the club, (ii) an ideal club size of ≥20 members, (iii) club services led by a counsellor (iv) using churches or community halls as venues (v) effective communication between all parties, and (vi) timely delivery of prepacked medication.ConclusionsThis study showed good clinical outcomes, positive patient experiences and healthcare worker perceptions of the adherence club model. Factors associated with successful adherence club implementation, highlighted in this study, can be used to guide implementers in the scale‐up of adherence club services across varied high‐burden settings.
Dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction for simultaneous determination of seven succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides in watermelon by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Junxue , Zhi Shenwei , Jia Chunhong , Li Xinghai , Zhu Xiaodan , Zhao Ercheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, a simple and accurate sample preparation method based on dispersive solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction has been developed for the determination of seven novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (isopyrazam, fluopyram, pydiflumetofen, boscalid, penthiopyrad, fluxapyroxad, and thifluzamide) in watermelon. The watermelon samples were extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up by dispersive solid‐phase extraction procedure using primary secondary amine, extracted and concentrated by the dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction procedure with 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane, and then analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The main experimental factors affecting the performance of dispersive solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction procedure on extraction efficiency were investigated. The proposed method had a good linearity in the range of 0.1–100 µg/kg with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9979–0.9999. The limit of quantification of seven fungicides was 0.1 µg/kg in the method. The fortified recoveries of seven succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides at three levels ranged from 72.0 to 111.6% with relative standard deviations of 3.4–14.1% (n = 5). The proposed method was successfully used for the rapid determination of seven succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides in watermelon.
The baroclinic response to wind in a multiarm multibasin reservoir
Authors: Imam Yehya E. , Laval Bernard , Pieters Roger , Lawrence Gregory 
Published: October 2019

AbstractField data, a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model, and modal decomposition were used to examine the baroclinic response to wind in two interconnected multiarm lakes, Knewstubb and Natalkuz Lakes (British Columbia, Canada). Similar to lakes of simpler geometry, the first‐vertical first‐horizontal mode (V1H1) of Knewstubb and Natalkuz Lakes was found to be the most energetic mode. This V1H1 dominance is attributed to similarity between the relatively uniform distributions of along‐thalweg wind and surface‐layer flow for the V1H1 mode. Two bathymetric features, the geometric constriction between Knewstubb and Natalkuz Lakes, and changes in thalweg orientation relative to the wind field act to create subbasins in which wind forcing causes local metalimnetic tilts. These subbasin scale tilts deepen the metalimnion at the downwind ends of the subbasins, raise the metalimnion at the upwind ends, and are superimposed on the lake‐wide V1H1 tilt. The metalimnetic tilts in the subbasins are attributed to higher horizontal modes that are equivalent to V1H1 modes of the subbasins. Because the thickness of the metalimnion is significant, the subbasin metalimnetic tilts occur with variations in the metalimnetic thickness along the subbasins; the metalimnion is compressed at the downwind end and expanded at the other end of each subbasin. This variability in thickness leads to metalimnetic intrusions following the relaxation of wind forcing. The findings of this study contribute to characterizing the baroclinic response to wind in lakes of complex bathymetry. In particular, this study helps in understanding the effect of bathymetric features on modal composition of the baroclinic response.
Conjugated Main Chain Azo‐Polymers Based on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wiktorowicz Szymon , Damlin Pia , Salomäki Mikko , Kvarnström Carita , Tenhu Heikki , Aseyev Vladimir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA reductive coupling reaction employing sodium bis(2‐methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride is used to prepare main chain azo‐polymers comprising of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthraquinone, or fluorenone) from their dinitro‐derivatives. The azo‐bridges act as effective means of conjugation and all polymers exhibit differences in the ultra‐violet–visible light absorption and photoluminescence emission spectra depending on the degree of polymerization. Furthermore, in the case of poly(azofluorenone)s and poly(azoanthraquinone)s, these spectra may be modified by changes in the protonation state of the polymers. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels and the band gap of poly(azoanthraquinone) are estimated from cyclic voltammetry data and UV–visible absorption of films.
Definable topological dynamics for trigonalizable algebraic groups over Qp
Authors: Yao Ningyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study the flow of trigonalizable algebraic group acting on its type space, focusing on the problem raised in [17] of whether weakly generic types coincide with almost periodic types if the group has global definable f‐generic types, equivalently whether the union of minimal subflows of a suitable type space is closed. We shall give a description of f‐generic types of trigonalizable algebraic groups, and prove that every f‐generic type is almost periodic.
Precise Synthesis of Alternate Fe(II)/Os(II)‐Based Bimetallic Metallo‐Supramolecular Polymer
Authors: Bera Manas K. , Ninomiya Yoshikazu , Yoshida Takefumi , Higuchi Masayoshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel terpyridine‐based bimetallic metallo‐supramolecular polymer (polyFeOs) containing alternately complexed Fe(II) and Os(II) ions is synthesized. For precise synthesis of the polymer, a new three‐step synthetic pathway is developed to obtain a high yield (%) of product in each step. The first step is the synthesis of dibromo terpyridine‐Os(II) complex in 87% yield, the second step is the synthesis of bisterpyridine ligand containing Os(II) (OsL1) in 74% yield, and the last step is the synthesis of polyFeOs in 90% yield. The polyFeOs exhibits high thermal stability with two degradation temperatures at around 390 and 690 °C, which indicate thermal evaporation of the counter anions (Cl− and BF4−) and degradation of the coordination bonds, respectively. The combination of two different metal ions in polyFeOs results in an enlarged optical window (λ = 315–675 nm) and two highly stable reversible redox states, which can be of huge interest for potential optical, electro‐optical, and electrochemical applications.
Metal Plastic Hybrids: Optimisation in model experiments
Authors: Bräuer M. , Edelmann M. , Lehmann D. , Tuschla M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetall‐Kunststoff‐Verbunde werden als Bausteine für Leichtbaulösungen immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen. In dieser Arbeit wird über Modellversuche zur Optimierung der Herstellung von Dreischichtverbunden aus Stahlblech, einer Adhäsionsschicht aus einem Uretdionlack und der flexiblen Weichkomponente (thermoplastisches Polyurethan (TPU)) berichtet. Die Verbundbildung erfolgt in einem Pressverfahren. Es erfolgt sowohl eine Modifizierung der Adhäsionsschicht, als auch die Modifizierung der Weichkomponente mit dem Ziel einer Erhöhung der Verbundfestigkeit. Als quantitatives Maß dafür wird aus der im Schälversuch gemessenen Schälkraft ein „scheinbarer GIc‐Wert“ berechnet. Für Verbunde mit einer thermoplastischen Polyurethan‐Streifendicke von 2 mm wird der GIc‐Wert gegenüber dem Verbund mit unmodifizierten Komponenten um ca. 30 % auf 16 N/mm erhöht. Damit weisen diese Verbunde ähnlich hohe Verbundfestigkeiten auf wie die stabilsten Verbunde aus der Literatur. Abschließend werden die erzielten Optimierungsergebnisse hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung für die Interpretation des Haftungsmechanismus in der Grenzschicht Adhäsionsschicht‐thermoplastisches Polyurethan diskutiert.
Design and damping characteristics of magneto‐rheological fluid damper for special object
Authors: Wu Z.T. , Wang H.B. , Wang Zhishen , Zhu Chungeng , Liu Xuhui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAiming at the vibration characteristics of a small type steel frame, based on the theory of non‐Newton liquid, from the physical property of the magneto‐rheological fluids, the shear stress model of magneto‐rheological fluids damper is built up, the non‐linear characteristics of the magneto‐rheological damper is described, and the parameters of designed magneto‐rheological damper are obtained. The vibration characteristics of the frame structure is studied using magneto‐rheological damper, the results show that after the magneto‐rheological fluids damper fixed, the vibration response of the frame structure is decreased by 42 % for the first mode, which validates the damping effect of the developed magneto‐rheological damper, which provides the theoretical and experimental proof for the design of magneto‐rheological damper.
Influence of carbon diffusion on microstructure and wear behaviour of duplex stainless steel surface layers on lamellar grey cast iron
Authors: Heider B. , Oechsner M. , Engler T. , Ellermeier J. , Reisgen U. , Sharma R. , Zokoll E. , Gonzalez E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSurface welding with duplex stainless steel was performed to enhance the wear and corrosion properties of grey cast iron, which is used as material for applications as pump components in maritime and chemical environments. The method used for surface welding and the corresponding process parameters determine the chemical composition and microstructure, which both determine the corrosion and wear properties of the surface layer. High heat input leads to high chemical dilution and thus, reduced corrosion resistance. Slow cooling rates, which are recommended for welding of grey cast iron components, facilitate the formation of carbides in the fusion zone of the chromium‐rich duplex stainless steel surface layer. On the one hand, carbides lead to increased hardness and thus, improved wear resistance of the surface layers. On the other hand, carbides and high chemical dilution rates reduce the corrosion resistance and therefore should be avoided. Under high cooling rates, the risk of cracking in the heat affected zone of the grey cast iron increases due to martensitic phase transformations. The paper describes the correlation of process parameters, microstructure and chemical composition with a focus on carbon diffusion and carbide formation, ever considering the effect on the wear behaviour in an oscillation tribometer and under erosion‐corrosion conditions.