bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urgensi Komunikasi dalam Kelompok Kecil untuk Mempercepat Proses Adopsi Teknologi Pertanian
Authors: Adawiyah Cut Rabiatul 
Published: March 2018

<p>Adoption process of effective agricultural technology innovation requires various forms and channels of communication between users. Personal communication between individuals and communication in small groups (farmers’ group) are two forms of communication that has been used as a mainstay in agricultural extension activities. Personal communication usually occurs horizontally between farmers, and vertically between farmers and agricultural extension officers. Personal communication between farmers can take place outside and also within farmers’ groups. This paper is a review of various theories and research results regarding the importance of communication in small groups. The results showed that communication in small groups becomes an important component in delivering information materials, i.e. technology and other information. In the group, in addition to ongoing communication, it is also a place of performing discussion and learning among peasants, as well as a unit of decision for unity of action in adopting technology.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Proses adopsi inovasi teknologi pertanian yang efektif membutuhkan beragam bentuk dan saluran komunikasi antar pelakunya. Komunikasi personal antar individu serta komunikasi dalam kelompok kecil (kelompok tani) merupakan dua bentuk komunikasi yang selama ini dijadikan sebagai andalan dalam kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian. Komunikasi personal biasanya terjadi secara horizontal antar petani, dan secara vertikal antar petani dengan petugas penyuluh pertanian. Komunikasi personal antar petani dapat berlangsung di luar dan juga di dalam kelompok tani. Tulisan ini merupakan review ilmiah dari berbagai teori dan hasil-hasil penelitian berkenaan dengan pentingnya peran komunikasi dalam kelompok kecil. Hasil telaahan menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi dalam kelompok kecil menjadi komponen penting dalam menyampaikan materi informasi baik berupa teknologi maupun informasi lain. Di dalam kelompok, selain berlangsung komunikasi juga sekaligus menjadi tempat diskusi dan belajar antar sesama petani, di samping sebagai unit keputusan untuk kesatuan tindakan dalam mengadopsi teknologi.</p>
Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Perdesaan: Pengembangan SDM, Penguatan Usaha, dan Inovasi Pertanian
Authors: Hermanto NFN 
Published: March 2018

<p>Poverty is an all-time problem. The process of inheritance of poverty from generation to generation will continue if there is no breakthrough to alleviate poverty. This literature study aims to determine the role of human resource development, strengthening of farmers’ business and agricultural innovation in poverty alleviation. Although poverty in Indonesia has decreased significantly, the data showed that the number of poor people is still concentrated in rural areas. The development of human resources and the strengthening of farmers' business institutions, therefore, become medium-term and long-term strategic efforts for poverty alleviation in rural areas. Challenges to sustainable agricultural production in the future will require combined efforts of technological and innovation development, improvement of agricultural policies, and strengthening of agricultural institutions. Agricultural research and development should be focused on enhancing sustainable production.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Kemiskinan merupakan masalah sepanjang masa, karena kemiskinan dapat diwariskan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya. Proses pewarisan kemiskinan dari generasi ke generasi akan terus berlangsung jika tidak ada terobosan untuk mengentaskan seseorang dari masalah kemiskinan. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran pengembangan sumber daya manusia (SDM), penguatan usaha petani dan inovasi pertanian dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di perdesaan. Walaupun kemiskinan di Indonesia telah mengalami penurunan, tetapi data menunjukkan bahwa penduduk miskin masih terkonsentrasi di wilayah perdesaan. Sebagian besar penduduk miskin di perdesaan berpendidikan rendah, dan menguasai lahan yang sempit, maka pengembangan SDM dan penguatan kelembagaan usaha petani merupakan upaya strategis jangka menengah dan jangka panjang untuk pengentasan kemiskinan di perdesaan. Karena tantangan terhadap pembangunan pertanian di masa depan akan lebih kompleks, maka perlu untuk mengupayakan perpaduan antara pengembangan teknologi dan inovasi pertanian, penyempurnaan kebijakan pertanian, serta penguatan kelembagaan pertanian guna meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani di perdesaan. Penelitian dan pengembangan pertanian sebagai penghasil teknologi baru dan inovasi pertanian hendaknya terfokus pada peningkatkan produksi secara berkelanjutan. </p>
Comments: Mexico Moves Forward
Authors: Donnelly John 
Published: March 2018

Editor's column
Later this month, Mexico will auction off 35 shallow-water blocks in the Gulf of Mexico, as its attempt to revive its oil and gas industry moves forward. It will be the ninth auction held under a reform program that began 4 years ago, and will follow the most successful auction to date. The 31 January deepwater auction surpassed expectations, drawing participation from supermajors and national oil companies (see page 42).
Along with Argentina, Mexico has emerged as one of the upstream bright spots in Latin America. At the January auction, Mexican regulatory officials expected only 7–10 blocks to be awarded. But the event attracted bids from 11 different firms as 19 blocks were awarded, nine of those to Shell. Although the deepwater auction is thought to have the most valuable acreage, future tenders may also attract heavy interest. Last year, a consortium led by Talos Energy discovered as much as 2 billion bbl in place at its shallow-water Zama-1 well in the Sureste Basin. And Eni found as much as 1 billion bbl at the shallow-water Amoca field; startup is expected early next year, which would make Eni the first foreign company to produce hydrocarbons in Mexico in 80 years.
Mexico’s decision to open its oil and gas sector to foreign investment could not have come at a worse time, months before oil prices abruptly declined and operators sharply cut spending. But, after weathering the early bid rounds, which attracted only light participation, Mexico appears on a roll. In addition to the March shallow-water bidding, 37 onshore blocks will be tendered in July, and there are plans of auctioning the first unconventional acreage, located near the Texas border, before the end of this year. The July blocks are located in northeastern and southeastern Mexico, covering 3,668 sq. miles and prospects of reserves for 260 million BOE of light crude and gas. The unconventional blocks are concentrated in the Tampico-Misantla and Burgos basins, south of the prolific Eagle Ford acreage in south Texas. The Mexican government previously announced auctions for unconventional acreage twice, but the first two events were canceled because of questions surrounding the potential regulation of hydraulic fracturing.
The money from the bidding and the prospects of increased production are welcome news for Mexico. State oil company Pemex has been heavily strapped for cash, deterring advancement in deepwater and unconventional plays. Mexico’s oil production peaked in 2004 at 3.38 million B/D and has since fallen to less than 2 million B/D.
The oil sector’s chief concern now is an upcoming presidential election. Leftist candidate Andrés Manuel Lopez Obrador has a sizable lead in public opinion polls ahead of the July election, and has been a critic of the energy reforms. He has vowed to review all contracts that have been awarded during the recent bid rounds. Many political analysts believe that he could indeed slow the pace of reform but would have a difficult time turning back the clock to the days when only Pemex was allowed to invest in the upstream.
Oilfield Service Sector Sees Recovery Emerging
Authors: Parshall Joel 
Published: March 2018

Following 3 harsh years of budget cuts and layoffs, oilfield services (OFS) companies are beginning to see a recovery take shape. The worst may also be over for heavy-asset suppliers and original equipment manufacturers in the offshore and subsea sector, but most industry analysts believe their recovery will be significantly slower.
The latest financial reports from big-three service companies Schlumberger; Halliburton; and Baker Hughes, a GE company; show an encouraging picture, with orders picking up and results from continuing operations improving.
Amid a growing global economy, demand for oil is increasing while market-balancing supply restrictions led by the Organization of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC) are supporting the price of oil, which is at its highest level in 4 years. Oil industry capital investment is rebounding, and the shale-driven expansion in North America onshore operations keeps chugging along.
‘Path to Normalized Margins’
In announcing the company’s fourth-quarter and full-year 2017 results, Halliburton President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Jeff Miller said the company “is on the path to normalized margins in North America in 2018” and that the preceding year “marked another step on the road to recovery.”
Similarly, Schlumberger Chairman and CEO Paal Kibsgaard commented as the most recent results were released that “the oil market is now in balance, and the previous oversupply discount is gradually being replaced by a market tightness premium, which makes us increasingly positive on the global outlook for our business.”
The price of international-benchmark Brent crude oil briefly edged above $71 per bbl not long ago, while US-benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude has topped $66 per bbl. Nonetheless, concerns remain over the durability of the supply balance that has lifted the market.
‘Cautiously Optimistic’
“The phrase I would use is perhaps cautiously optimistic about 2018,” said Steve Robertson, head of research for global oilfield services at Westwood Global Energy Group.
The oil downturn, which took the per-bbl price of WTI from $107 in mid-2014 to $26 in early 2016, was as brutal as any the industry has seen and forced structural changes that have set the stage for a different type of recovery. Few industry observers believe that the price will return to a sustained $80 level anytime soon.
“The traditional view is that what goes down has to come up,” said industry adviser Hervé Wilczynski, a principal at EY (formerly Ernst & Young) in Houston. “There was a feeling that you hunker down for a few years and it’s going to come back up. So a lot of the cost reductions were not structural in nature.”
Well-Placement Timing, Conductivity Loss Affect Production in Multiple-Fracture Wells
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: March 2018

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 180448, “Effects of Well-Placement Timing and Conductivity Loss on Hydrocarbon Production in Multiple-Hydraulic-Fracture Horizontal Wells in a Liquids-Rich Shale Play,” by Shameem Siddiqui, SPE, Doug Walser, SPE, and Ron Dusterhoft, SPE, Halliburton, prepared for the 2016 SPE Western Regional Meeting, Anchorage, 23–26 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Horizontal wells in liquids-rich shale plays are now being drilled such that lateral and vertical distances between adjacent wells are significantly reduced. In multistacked reservoirs, fracture height and orientation from geomechanical effects coupled with natural fractures create additional complications; therefore, predicting well performance using numerical simulation becomes challenging. This paper describes numerical-simulation results from a three-well pad in a stacked liquids-rich reservoir (containing gas condensates) to understand the interaction between wells and production behavior.
Numerical Simulation
The reservoir simulator used for this study was designed to handle unstructured-grid-based simulation cases. Most of the numerical reservoir simulators that are used for modeling horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures are based on structured grid cells in which the hydraulic fractures are modeled as symmetric biwing fractures perpendicular to the wellbore. In most cases, they use local grid refinement (LGR) to incorporate the hydraulic fractures into the model, which generally works well if a single well is involved and the grids are not tied to the Earth models. However, if the wells and the hydraulic fractures are not orthogonal to the Earth-model grids or if the reservoir contains nonorthogonal secondary fractures (natural or induced), modeling them with LGR becomes a challenge. When multiple wells that are not parallel are drilled from a single pad, properly representing the wells with hydraulic fractures in a structured-grid-based reservoir-simulation model becomes even more challenging. By contrast, the unstructured-grid-based reservoir models are not restricted by any of these limitations—they can have any geometry, size, or orientation for the wells and can include primary hydraulic fractures, secondary fractures, and open natural fractures. Instead of using grid cells that are parallel in shape, the unstructured grid cells can have any arbitrary shape. Incorporating realistic induced hydraulic fractures in a reservoir model is easier if unstructured grids are used.
Reservoir-Simulation Model
The reservoir model consisted of five horizontal layers with varying properties in each layer. The horizontal sections of Wells 1 and 3 go through the middle of Layer 2, and that of Well 2 goes through the middle of Layer 4. Each well is completed exactly the same way.
Acquisition With Autonomous Marine Vehicles: Field Test
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: March 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 183869, “Acquisition With Autonomous Marine Vehicles: Wave Glider Field Test, Offshore Abu Dhabi,” by M.A. Benson and T. Lecoq, ADMA-OPCO; G. Mercado and S. Nakayama, formerly of ADMA-OPCO; N. Moldoveanu, P. Caprioli, and G. Nyein, WesternGeco; and S. Pai and E. Yandon, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2017 SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Manama, Bahrain, 6–9 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A field test was conducted with autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs) and 3D sensor arrays (3DSAs) to record and compare seismic data generated during an ocean-bottom-cable (OBC) survey. The test was a field verification to check that the AMV platform and the sensor array can deliver high-quality seismic data in a form that can be successfully processed and compared with ocean-bottom fixed-receiver data. The feasibility test conducted offshore Abu Dhabi demonstrated the successful and safe deployment, seismic-data acquisition, and retrieval capabilities of the AMV and 3D sensor array.
Introduction
AMVs are an alternative to conventional methods of acquiring marine seismic data; they are designed with the aim of increasing offshore safety and reducing risk while delivering a quality service within lower-cost pricing models. These unmanned vehicles have expanded the envelope of offshore operations and have been instrumental in increasing productivity and safety in marine environments. Such vehicles, because of their low profile and flexibility in maneuvering around obstructions, can be placed close to obstructions, reducing the risk typically involved in operations of this nature. The vehicles have proved capable of carrying out a wide range of vital ocean-monitoring functions formerly assigned to manned vessels over a longer time period and provide a viable alternative or supplement to acquiring seismic data in cases where adverse existing factors may impede standard acquisition methods.
AMVs
The AMV used for the test offshore Abu Dhabi is a hybrid sea-surface and underwater vehicle that has been proved to enhance exploration and production in marine environments by collecting and delivering real-time measurements in areas formerly too costly or too challenging for operation. The wave-powered sensor platform enables collection and delivery of data gathered at sea on missions lasting up to 1 year. The AMV is a two-part system that consists of a surface float and a submerged glider, connected by a high-speed communication umbilical tether (Fig. 1). The vehicle’s propulsion system is passive and mechanical; it exploits the natural difference in wave motion between the surface float and the submerged glider to convert energy from wave motion into thrust. Articulating fins attached to the submerged glider convert wave energy and generate thrust as they pivot vertically. The vehicle produces forward propulsion independently of wave direction as its float moves up and down with each wave and the submerged glider tows the float forward.
Núcleo de Estudos em Microbiologia Agrícola (NEMA): integração e multiplicação de ações e conhecimentos
Authors: Prates Júnior Paulo , Cerqueira Alan Emanuel Silva , Veloso Tomás Gomes Reis , Correia Hilberty Lucas Nunes , Kasuya Maria Catarina Megumi 
Published: March 2018

Resumo: A troca de saberes tem grande importância para a ciência e estimula a dialética entre razão e emoção. Assim, surgiu o Núcleo de Estudos em Microbiologia Agrícola (NEMA) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), com o objetivo de promover ações de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O NEMA é subdividido em coordenações, despertando o voluntariado e a construção de um legado coletivo. O Dragon Dreaming tornou-se uma metodologia importante para a dinâmica do grupo, bem como os conceitos de Paulo Freire e Edgar Morin sobre conhecimento e respeito às diferenças. As atividades realizadas até o momento, como Ciclos de Discussões em Bioinformática e Bioestatística; Curso de Biossegurança; Projetos “A importância da Microbiologia para a Agroecologia” e “Micro Cultural”, são indicativos de avanços na integração do Departamento de Microbiologia e do nosso Programa de Pós-graduação e deste com a sociedade. Espera-se estimular o conhecimento crítico e ampliar as conexões entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão.Palavras-chave: Agroecologia. Educação. Ciclo de Discussões. Agroecologia. Cultura. Dialética. Extensão.
Co-breeding Association of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Relation to Location and Container Size
Authors: Nur Aida Hashim  , Abu Hassan Ahmad  , Anita Talib  , Farida Athaillah  , Kumara Thevan Krishnan  
Published: March 2018

The occurrence of major outbreaks of dengue, and other vector borne diseases such as chikungunya and zika in tropical and subtropical regions has rendered control of the diseases a top-priority for many affected countries including Malaysia. Control of the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus through the reduction of breeding sites and the application of insecticides to kill immature forms and adults are the main control efforts to combat these diseases. The present study describes the association between Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in shared breeding sites. This study is important given that any measure taken against one species may affect the other. A yearlong larval survey was conducted in four dengue endemic areas of Penang Island. Sorenson’s coefficient index indicated that no association between number of the immatures of the two species regardless of container size and study location. Therefore, the mean number Ae. Albopictus immature was not decreased in the presence of Ae. aegypti in shared breeding container. However Ae. aegypti appeared to prefer breeding in habitats not occupied by Ae. albopictus, the two species sharing breeding sites only where available containers were limited. In control efforts, eliminating the preferred breeding containers for one species might not affect or reduce the population of the other species.

Berlakunya wabak denggi, dan lain-lain penyakit bawaan vektor seperti chikungunya dan Zika di kawasan tropika dan subtropika telah menjadikan kawalan penyakit-penyakit tersebut sebagai keutamaan di negara-negara yang terjejas termasuk Malaysia. Kawalan nyamuk vektor Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus melalui pengurangan tempat pembiakan dan penggunaan racun serangga untuk membunuh jentik-jentik dan nyamuk dewasa adalah usaha utama kawalan bagi memerangi penyakit-penyakit ini. Kajian ini menerangkan tentang hubungan di antara Ae. albopictus dan Ae. aegypti di dalam tempat pembiakan yang dikongsi bersama. Kajian ini penting memandangkan apa jua langkah kawalan yang diambil terhadap satu spesies boleh menjejaskan spesies yang lain. Tinjauan jentik-jentik selama setahun telah dijalankan di empat kawasan endemik denggi di Pulau Pinang. Indeks pekali Sorenson menunjukkan bahawa tiada perkaitan di antara jumlah jentik-jentik bagi kedua-dua spesies tanpa mengira saiz bekas dan lokasi kajian. Oleh itu, min bilangan jentik-jentik Ae. albopictus tidak menurun dengan kehadiran Ae. Aegypti di dalam bekas pembiakan yang sama. Walau bagaimanapun Ae. aegypti lebih gemar membiak di habitat yang tidak diduduki oleh Ae. albopictus, kedua-dua spesies hanya berkongsi tempat pembiakan apabila bilangan bekas yang ada adalah terhad. Dalam usaha kawalan, menghapuskan bekas pembiakan yang digemari oleh satu spesies mungkin tidak memberi kesan atau mengurangkan populasi spesies lain.
Effect of Mid‐Season Foliar Fungicide and Foliar Insecticide Applied Alone and In‐Combination on Soybean Yield
Authors: Ng Sin Joe , Lindsey Laura E. , Michel Andrew P. , Dorrance Anne E. 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Soybeans treated with fungicide + insecticide tank‐mixed yielded the same as fungicide only in the absence of insects and defoliation at the economic threshold.
Fungicide increased yield at 4 of 12 site‐years, where leaf area affected by diseases tended to be > 6.5%.
There was no yield response with insecticide due to low defoliation at the time of application.
Due to the relatively low cost of foliar insecticide, farmers frequently tank‐mix insecticide with fungicide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mid‐season foliar fungicide and insecticide treatments on soybean grain yield, applied alone or in combination. A field trial was conducted in Ohio from 2015 to 2016 at six sites each year (12 sites total). Foliar treatments applied at the R3 soybean growth stage (beginning pod) included: 1) non‐treated control, 2) fungicide, 3) insecticide, 4) fungicide + insecticide, 5) fungicide + insecticide (applied separately to examine for synergistic effect), 6) fungicide + crop oil, 7) insecticide + crop oil, and 8) fungicide + insecticide + crop oil. Data were collected for percent leaf area affected by diseases (frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina and brown spot caused by Septoria glycines) and insect defoliation at the R6 soybean growth stage (full seed). Soybean treated with fungicide + insecticide tank‐mixed did not yield differently than soybean treated with fungicide and fungicide + crop oil. Fungicide treatments increased soybean yield at 4 of 12 site‐years compared to the non‐treated control, and at three of these locations, brown spot and frogeye leaf spot disease in the non‐treated control accounted for ≥ 6.5% leaf area affected. There was no yield response associated with insecticide treatment due to sub‐threshold insect defoliation levels at the time of insecticide treatment. Application of fungicide alone, insecticide alone, or in tank‐mix did not improve yields when insects or foliar diseases were not present at threshold levels.