bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidation or Reduction State of Au Stabilized by an MOF: Active Site Identification for the Three‐Component Coupling Reaction
Authors: Yang Qihao , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs one of the most efficient catalysts for the three‐component coupling reaction of aldehyde, amine, and alkyne (A3 coupling), Au has attracted extensive attention, but there is a debating issue on whether Auδ+ (δ > 0, representing the oxidation state of Au species) or Au0 is the better active site. According to previous reports, both Auδ+ and Au0 can catalyze the A3 coupling reaction. Therefore, the establishment of a suitable comparison model to identify the better active site is highly desired. In this work, an ideal model to identify the efficient active sites for the A3 coupling reaction based on a metal–organic framework (MOF) platform is rationally fabricated. The Auδ+ in oxidation state can be well bound to the MOF, MIL‐101‐NH2, via postsynthetic modification, and the Au0 catalyst with retained MOF skeleton can be formed via a subsequent one‐step reduction, which provide ideal comparison models with the only difference in the Au oxidation state. Strikingly, the two catalysts exhibit significant activity difference in the A3 coupling reaction. The activity of Auδ+ catalyst is 11‐fold higher than that of Au0, which reveals that Auδ+ serves as a much more effective active site in the A3 coupling reaction.
Cloud application architecture appraiser (CA3): A multicriteria approach and tool for assessing cloud deployment options based on nonfunctional requirements
Authors: Gonçalves Junior Ronaldo , Sampaio Americo , Rolim Tiago , Mendonça Nabor C. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm that is changing software engineering. It offers scalable virtual compute resources at low prices, thus attracting many software developers interested in reducing their infrastructure and operational costs. Even though acquiring and using cloud solutions can be simple, a common difficulty developers face is how to best configure their applications at the architectural level, given a myriad of cloud services and resource types available, specially when considering different attributes such as cost, scalability, and performance. An inappropriate architectural decision can lead to a significant cost increase or a deployment option that does not meet the minimum required performance. This paper focuses on the problem of finding the best cloud deployment options for a given application that meet a given set of well‐known nonfunctional requirements. To address this problem, the paper presents Cloud Application Architecture Appraiser (CA3), a multicriteria optimization approach and tool that relies on nonfunctional requirements as key drivers for assessing and selecting the best architectural options for deploying applications in the cloud. Results from the assessment of a real web application (WordPress), deployed using several different architectural options in a popular cloud provider (Amazon), are also presented to illustrate the use and benefits of the proposed method and tool.
Stimulation of the subparafascicular thalamic nucleus modulates dopamine release in the inferior colliculus of rats
Authors: Batton Aiyana D. , Blaha Charles D. , Bieber Allan , Lee Kendall H. , Boschen Suelen L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough dopamine is commonly studied for its role in incentive motivation, cognition, and various neuropsychiatric disorders, evidence from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients that present auditory deficits suggest that dopamine is also involved in central auditory processing. It has been recently discovered that the subparafascicular thalamic nucleus (SPF) sends dopaminergic projections to the inferior colliculus (IC), an important convergence hub for the ascending and descending auditory pathways. In the present study, our aim was to provide neurochemical evidence that activation of SPF neurons evokes dopamine release in the IC of anesthetized rats using fast‐scan cyclic and paired pulse voltammetry in combination with carbon fiber microelectrodes. Electrical stimulation of the SPF (60 and 90 Hz) evoked dopamine release in the IC in a frequency‐dependent manner, with higher frequencies evoking greater amplitude dopamine responses. Optogenetic‐evoked dopamine responses were similar to the effects of electrical stimulation suggesting that electrical stimulation‐evoked dopamine release was not due to nonspecific activation of fibers of passage, but rather to activation of SPF cells projecting to the IC. Selective dopamine reuptake blockade enhanced the evoked dopamine response, while selective blockade of serotonin did not, confirming the selectivity of the neurochemical recordings to dopamine. Therefore, the SPF neuronal pathway functionally mediates dopamine release in the IC and thus may be involved in auditory processing deficits associated with PD.
Enhancing the seismic performance of mid‐rise wood‐frame buildings with rigid spine columns
Authors: Yang T.Y. , Etebarian Hamidreza 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWood‐frame buildings (WFBs) are the most commonly used structural systems for residential applications in North America. Past researches have shown that WFBs are susceptible to soft‐story mechanisms. In this study, a simple, efficient, and economical retrofit strategy, which utilizes continuous pinned‐supported rigid spine columns (RSCs) over the height of the building, is proposed. The retrofit aims to provide uniform deformation through the height of the building to prevent soft‐story mechanisms. This retrofit strategy was applied to a six‐story WFB located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the prototype building was developed using OpenSees. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to identify the most economical RSC design. Seismic performance of the prototype building, with and without the most economical RSC design, was assessed through extensive nonlinear time history analyses. Results showed that the proposed retrofit strategy can effectively improve the seismic behavior of WFBs to prevent soft‐story mechanisms.
Wavelet packet and support vector machine analysis of series DC ARC fault detection in photovoltaic system
Authors: Xia Kun , He Sheng , Tan Yuan , Jiang Quan , Xu Jingjun , Yu Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn a photovoltaic (PV) system, the serial arc is mainly due to the discontinuity in the current‐carrying conductor. Different from the AC arc, the DC arc does not have a periodic zero‐crossing and more easily blossoms into sustained arc, which is more likely to cause accidents. When a serial arc occurs in the DC system, it would lead to a steep drop in current or some unpredictable, irregular change of the current wave. The occurrence of the serial arc can be detected by analyzing the change of amplitude at different frequencies. An arc‐fault detection method based on wavelet packet (WP) and support vector machine (SVM) analysis is proposed in this paper. The threshold to distinguish arcing from normal operation is determined by analyzing the characteristics of the WP coefficients of the DC arc current collected from a real system. Compared to that of the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms has been validated with experiments in a 5‐kW grid‐connected PV inverter. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats
Authors: da Cunha de Medeiros Paloma , Samelo Ricardo Rodrigues , Silva Ana Priscila Gomes , da Silva Araujo Santiago Marcella , Duarte Fabio Andrei , de Castro Ítalo Braga , Perobelli Juliana Elaine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor the first time, juvenile toxicity of inorganic arsenic (As) was investigated in male rats, focusing on reproductive effects. As is a metalloid naturally occurring in the environment, being the inorganic forms the most toxics. Contaminated drinking water and agricultural products are the main prospectors of intoxication for general population. In the present study, Wistar male rats (21 days old) were distributed into three groups (n = 10/group): control (received vehicle‐filtered drinking water), As1 (received AsNaO2 at 0.01 mg L−1) and As2 (received AsNaO2 at 10 mg L−1). The animals were euthanized on PND 53. Testicular damages increased in As1 and As2 compared to control (ie, presence of vacuolization, acidophilic cells, and epithelium degeneration). Testicular interstitium of As1 and As2 presented fluid's increase and intense inflammatory infiltration. In the epididymis there was reduction of sperm amount in the lumen, besides epithelium areas presenting cribriform aspect in As1 and As2, exfoliation of cells in the light (in As1) and vacuoles (in As2). In epididymis interstitium, inflammatory infiltrates were observed in initial segment of As1 and As2. AsNaO2 changed immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor in epididymis of As2, although serum testosterone levels was statistically comparable to control. Mass spectrometry revealed higher As concentrations in testis and epididymis of As2 compared to As1 and Control. These results indicate compromise of spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in AsNaO2‐treated animals, possibly impairing sperm quality and fertility in long‐term, even at low levels of exposure. Investigations about the reversibility of reproductive damages are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of As reproductive toxicity.
Prenatal diagnosis, natural history, postnatal treatment and outcome of 222 cases of spina bifida: experience of a tertiary center
Authors: Masini L. , De Luca C. , Noia G. , Caruso A. , Lanzone A. , Rendeli C. , Ausili E. , Massimi L. , Tamburrini G. , Apicella M. , De Santis M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo report on the prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of spina bifida (SB) and its natural history, treatment and long‐term outcome in a large tertiary referral center.MethodsAll cases of SB diagnosed between February 1980 and December 2015 in the Obstetric Prenatal Diagnosis Day Unit of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, were reviewed. All infants with an open defect were delivered by elective Cesarean section and underwent early repair of the spinal defect. A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and/or third ventriculostomy was performed when needed. Complete postnatal follow‐up was carried out by our multidisciplinary team in the majority of cases. The cohort was analyzed in two groups: Group 1 included patients referred between February 1980 and December 1999; Group 2 included patients referred between January 2000 and December 2015.ResultsThere was a total of 222 cases of SB with a prenatal diagnosis rate of 94.6% (n = 210), with the majority of defects being meningomyeloceles (n = 142 (64.0%)), affecting the lumbosacral level (n = 110 (49.5%)) and being ≥ 2 cm in size (n = 163/195 (83.6%)). There were 174 (78.4%) live births, with more terminations in Group 2 (26.1%) than in Group 1 (10.8%;P = 0.003). Postnatal surgical repair was conducted in 157 cases (99.4% of eligible cases), with death of an infant who was operated on occurring more often in Group 1 (14.1%) than in Group 2 (4.2%;P = 0.03). VP shunt placement was required in 60.3% of infants operated on after January 2000. Long‐term follow‐up was available for 136 children (111 with open defects and 25 with closed defects). Infants born since 2000 with an open defect had normal ambulation or a mild defect in 50% of cases and normal or mild deficit of sphincter function in 37.8% of cases. An intelligence quotient of ≥ 70 was observed in the majority of children (81.4%; 35/43 cases). Worse motor function was associated with progressive prenatal ventriculomegaly, level of lesion and VP shunt placement.ConclusionsWe describe the prenatal diagnosis, natural history and long‐term outcome of a large contemporary cohort of SB fetuses and infants. In an era of pioneering fetal surgical techniques forin‐uteroSB repair, it is important to acknowledge that advances in conventional neonatology and pediatric neurosurgery have allowed increased life expectancy and improved quality of life in patients with SB. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Maternal kidney function during pregnancy: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lopes van Balen V. A. , van Gansewinkel T. A. G. , de Haas S. , Spaan J. J. , Ghossein‐Doha C. , van Kuijk S. M. J. , van Drongelen J. , Cornelis T. , Spaanderman M. E. A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo review systematically current literature on kidney function changes during pregnancy, in order to estimate the extent of adaptation over the course of both healthy physiological and complicated singleton pregnancies, and to determine healthy pregnancy reference values.MethodsPubMed (NCBI) and EMBASE (Ovid) electronic databases were searched, from inception to July 2017, for studies on kidney function during uncomplicated and complicated pregnancies. Included studies were required to report a non‐pregnant reference value of kidney function (either in a non‐pregnant control group or as a prepregnancy or postpartum measurement) and a pregnancy measurement at a predetermined and reported gestational age. Kidney function measures assessed were glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by inulin clearance, GFR measured by creatinine clearance and serum creatinine level. Pooled mean differences between pregnancy measurements and reference values were calculated for predefined intervals of gestational age in uncomplicated and complicated pregnancies using a random‐effects model described by DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsTwenty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. As early as the first trimester, GFR was increased by up to 40–50% in physiological pregnancy when compared with non‐pregnant values. Inulin clearance in uncomplicated pregnancy was highest at 36–41 weeks, with a 55.6% (53.7; 95% CI, 44.7–62.6 mL/min) increase when compared with non‐pregnant values, and creatinine clearance was highest at 15–21 weeks' gestation, with a 37.6% (36.6; 95% CI, 26.2–46.9 mL/min) increase. Decrease in serum creatinine level in uncomplicated pregnancy was most prominent at 15–21 weeks, with a 23.2% (−0.19; 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.15 mg/dL) decrease when compared with non‐pregnant values. Eight studies reported on pregnancies complicated by a hypertensive disorder. Meta‐regression analysis showed a significant difference in all kidney function parameters when comparing uncomplicated and hypertensive complicated pregnancies.ConclusionsIn healthy pregnancy, GFR is increased as early as the first trimester, as compared with non‐pregnant values, and the kidneys continue to function at a higher rate throughout gestation. In contrast, kidney function is decreased in hypertensive pregnancy. © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Middle Jurassic Sequence of Chorar Island, Patan District, Kachchh Basin, Gujarat
Authors: Patel Satish J. , Darngawn Jehova L. , Joseph Jaquilin K. , Shitole Apurva D. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Chorar Island exposes ∼109 m thick middle Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian) succession in the eastern most part of the Kachchh Basin, Patan District, Gujarat and is divided into two, Khadir and Gadhada formations. It mainly comprises of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments and limestones; the shales dominate the lower part of the succession while the top of the succession is marked by ferruginous sandstone which also forms the vast, prominent peripheral zone of the Chorar dome. The field and laboratory analysis of the succession reveals nine lithofacies which includes ferruginous sandstone, cross bedded white sandstone, micritic sandstone, allochemic sandstone, sandy micrite, mudstone, sandy allochemic limestone, coralline limestone and shale. The mix siliciclastic-carbonate sediments and ferruginous facies are fossiliferous in nature and display sedimentary structures, like ripple marks, cross- and planar-lamination with biogenic sedimentary structures. Coralline limestone facies comprise of large size (&gt;1m diameter) corals, which are diagenetically modified severely and have lost its original internal structures. The sediment characteristics and associated bioclasts indicates low to moderate wave and current energy in shoreface-offshore subsequently changing to wave dominated shoreface during the deposition of the middle Jurassic sediments of the Chorar Island.
A Preliminary Evaluation on the Prospects of Hydrocarbon Potential in the Carbonaceous Shales of Spiti and Chikkim Formations, Tethys Himalaya, India
Authors: Pandey Bindhyachal , Pathak Deo Brat , Mathur Neeraj , Jaitly Anand K. , Singh Alok K. , Singh Prakash K. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to explore the possibility of hydrocarbon prospects in the carbonaceous shale deposits of Spiti and Chikkim formations exposed in the Spiti valley of the Tethys Himalaya. Twenty samples, collected from successive levels of these litho-units, have been subjected to maceral analysis, Rock-Eval Pyrolysis and six samples to Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The study reveals the presence of mainly kerogen-III type of organic matter but some of the shale samples have shown a good amount of total organic carbon (TOC) to the tune of 3.19% which is sufficient to produce hydrocarbon. The results indicate the presence of methane occurring as free and fixed hydrocarbon in the shale samples. Few levels are especially rich in hydrocarbon. They have shown encouraging results with potential for generating liquid as well as lighter hydrocarbon. The data is also supported by the FTIR and NMR studies.
Morphological Dynamics of the Rivers of Brahmaputra
Authors: Sah Rajesh Kumar , Das Apurba Kumar 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
This study documents the sequential morphological dynamics of rivers of Brahmaputra. Landsat images for the year of 1976 and 1987-2016 (thirty consecutive years) are used in GIS environment to document the activities that have been shaping and reshaping the morphology of the rivers. The use of thirty year consecutive images facilitates an explicit assessment of morphological changes. Apparently, distributary activities, meandering activities, breaches and avulsions, and confluence migrations are the dominant geomorphic agents of morphological changes. A range of distributaries activities are readily noticed in Brahmaputra plain. The plain is densely dissected with numerous rivers and rivulets, and distributaries activities often lead to reorganization in channel network. Considering the frequency of incidence and preserved imprints of abandoned channels, majority of the rivers of Brahmaputra can be categorized as free meanders. Difference in fluvio-geomophic setups of rivers of both the banks is reflected palpably in meandering activities. The upper stretch of Brahmaputra encompassing the rivers Simen, Gai and Jiadhal is found to be the most active in terms of avulsions. High seasonal flow, large sedimentation and absence of distinct river bed in some stretches are presumably leading to these frequent avulsions. The river Simen, further, exhibited repeated confluence migration through avulsion near its confluence with Brahmaputra. The explicit picture of the morphological dynamics of rivers of Brahmaputra at basin scale presented in this work is a key aid in formulating riverine management programs which is conceivably among the most water-troubled region of the country.
Fractures Effect in Reservoir Quality of Ilam and Sarvak Formations in Hengam Oilfield Using Imaging Logs
Authors: Ebadati Naser 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
In this study, an attempt has been made through the data of one of exploratory wells as well as using petrophysical and FMI visual logs, the lithology, structures and failures of the field is investigated. For petro physical analysis of the area, after initial field investigation and controlling the drilled units, final approximation of the lithology of the area was made. Afterwards the raw data of well was used for the evaluation of petrophysical parameters by Geolog software. In the next step the effect of fractures on the oil production and their comparison with the initial porosity was analyzed. The results showed that the points with highest production and exploitation of the oil exists, have the greatest expansion of fractures. Comparison of the obtained results with the lithology specifications of other wells of the field shows that in zones with secondary fractures relative to the porosity the reservoir quality has been more appropriate and outputs the highest production and in comparison, the wells No.3, 4 and 5 in spite of having zones of higher porosity than the well number 2 of the lower reservoir quality.
Comparison of Varying Corticosteroid Type, Dose, and Volume for the Treatment of Pain in Small‐ and Intermediate‐Size Joint Injections: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cushman Daniel M. , Ofek Erika , Syed Raafay H. , Clements Nathan , Gardner James E. , Sams Jessica M. , Mulvey Jade L. , McCormick Zachary L. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the scientific literature examining the effect of corticosteroid type, dose, and volume of small‐ and intermediate‐size joint injections on pain and function.TypeNarrative review.Literature SurveyMedline (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, and SportDiscus databases were searched.MethodologyInclusion criteria included prospective studies evaluating pain‐ and/or function‐related improvements following a corticosteroid injection of a small‐ or intermediate‐size joint.SynthesisA total of 28 articles were included, all studying patients with osteoarthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis. Eleven studies were randomized‐controlled trials comparing corticosteroid injections to a control treatment and three were randomized trials comparing corticosteroid dose or type; the rest were prospective case series without a control. Most studies used 10 to 20 mg of methylprednisolone or triamcinolone for small joints and 20 to 40 mg for intermediate joints; wrist joints were the only joint studied that directly compared doses—20 mg was noninferior to 40 mg. Triamcinolone hexacetonide was found to be superior to methylprednisolone in the interphalangeal finger joints in a single randomized‐controlled trial; no other studies compared steroid types in any joint. No studies evaluated the effect of volume on clinical outcomes.ConclusionsVery few studies directly examine the effect of corticosteroid type, corticosteroid dose, or injectate volume on clinical outcomes for small‐ or intermediate‐size joint arthralgia. Future studies are needed to better elucidate the most effective treatment protocols.Level of EvidenceIV.