bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrapuparial Development of Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Its Use in Forensic Entomology
Authors: da Silva Sabrina Machado , Moura Mauricio Osvaldo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In forensic entomology, the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) estimative is usually based on the oldest immature recovered from a local of death. The time spent by fly immatures in the intrapuparial period comprises more than 50% of their complete life cycles. An accurate estimate of the duration of this period will improve PMImin estimates. The blow fly Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani 1850) was found in six criminal cases in the city of Curitiba. Even though there is data on the morphology of the larval instars and developmental rate of H. semidiaphana, the intrapuparial period has not been investigated. Here, we provide a detailed description of the intrapuparial morphological changes of H. semidiaphana, which might be useful to estimate minimum PMI. Samples of H. semidiaphana in the intrapuparial period were obtained from immatures reared on an artificial diet in incubators adjusted to 25°C or 20°C temperature regimes. Blow fly puparia of H. semidiaphana were fixed at intervals of 3 and 6 h until emergence of the adult. The external morphological traits of sampled immatures were analyzed using light microscopy. Our analysis of the intrapuparial period of H. semidiaphana provided 21 traits from which nine were age informative. These nine characteristics divide the developmental time (144 h at 25°C and 192 h at 20°C) into smaller sections. The developmental data provided, together with the time line allows a practical way to make interspecific comparisons as well as to estimate the age of H. semidiaphana based on the intrapuparial development.
Comparison of the optical light curves of hydrogen-rich and hydrogen-poor type II supernovae
Authors: Pessi P J , Folatelli G , Anderson J P , Bersten M , Burns C , Contreras C , Davis S , Englert B , Hamuy M , Hsiao E Y , Martinez L , Morrell N , Phillips M M , Suntzeff N , Stritzinger M D 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTType II supernovae (SNe II) show strong hydrogen features in their spectra throughout their whole evolution, while type IIb supernovae (SNe IIb) spectra evolve from dominant hydrogen lines at early times to increasingly strong helium features later on. However, it is currently unclear whether the progenitors of these SN types form a continuum in pre-SN hydrogen mass or whether they are physically distinct. SN light-curve morphology directly relates to progenitor and explosion properties such as the amount of hydrogen in the envelope, the pre-SN radius, the explosion energy, and the synthesized mass of radioactive material. In this work, we study the morphology of the optical-wavelength light curves of hydrogen-rich SNe II and hydrogen-poor SNe IIb to test whether an observational continuum exists between the two. Using a sample of 95 SNe (73 SNe II and 22 SNe IIb), we define a range of key observational parameters and present a comparative analysis between both types. We find a lack of events that bridge the observed properties of SNe II and IIb. Light-curve parameters such as rise times and post-maximum decline rates and curvatures clearly separate both SN types and we therefore conclude that there is no continuum, with the two SN types forming two observationally distinct families. In the V band a rise time of 17 d (SNe II lower and SNe IIb higher), and a magnitude difference between 30 and 40 d post-explosion of 0.4 mag (SNe II lower and SNe IIb higher) serve as approximate thresholds to differentiate both types.
Impact of foregrounds on H i intensity mapping cross-correlations with optical surveys
Authors: Cunnington Steven , Wolz Laura , Pourtsidou Alkistis , Bacon David 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The future of precision cosmology could benefit from cross-correlations between intensity maps of unresolved neutral hydrogen (H i) and more conventional optical galaxy surveys. A major challenge that needs to be overcome is removing the 21cm foreground emission that contaminates the cosmological H i signal. Using N-body simulations, we simulate H i intensity maps and optical catalogues that share the same underlying cosmology. Adding simulated foreground contamination and using state-of-the-art reconstruction techniques, we investigate the impacts that 21cm foregrounds and other systematics have on these cross-correlations. We find that the impact a Fast Independent Component Analysis 21cm foreground clean has on the cross-correlations with spectroscopic optical surveys with well-constrained redshifts is minimal. However, problems arise when photometric surveys are considered: We find that a redshift uncertainty σz ≥ 0.04 causes significant degradation in the cross-power spectrum signal. We diagnose the main root of these problems, which relates to arbitrary amplitude changes along the line of sight in the intensity maps caused by the foreground clean and suggest solutions that should be applicable to real data. These solutions involve a reconstruction of the line-of-sight temperature means using the available overlapping optical data along with an artificial extension to the H i data through redshift to address edge effects. We then put these solutions through a further test in a mock experiment that uses a clustering-based redshift estimation technique to constrain the photometric redshifts of the optical sample. We find that with our suggested reconstruction, cross-correlations can be utilized to make an accurate prediction of the optical redshift distribution.
A statistically significant lack of debris discs in medium separation binary systems
Authors: Yelverton Ben , Kennedy Grant M , Su Kate Y L , Wyatt Mark C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We compile a sample of 341 binary and multiple star systems with the aim of searching for and characterizing Kuiper belt-like debris discs. The sample is assembled by combining several smaller samples studied in previously published work with targets from two unpublished Herschel surveys. We find that 38 systems show excess emission at 70 or 100 $\mu$m suggestive of a debris disc. While nine of the discs appear to be unstable to perturbations from their host binary based on a simple analysis of their inferred radii, we argue that the evidence for genuine instability is not strong, primarily because of uncertainty in the true disc radii, uncertainty in the boundaries of the unstable regions, and orbital projection effects. The binary separation distributions of the disc-bearing and disc-free systems are different at a confidence level of $99.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, indicating that binary separation strongly influences the presence of detectable levels of debris. No discs are detected for separations between ∼25 and 135 au; this is likely a result of binaries whose separations are comparable with typical disc radii clearing out their primordial circumstellar or circumbinary material via dynamical perturbations. The disc detection rate is $19^{+5}_{-3}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for binaries wider than 135 au, similar to the published results for single stars. Only $8^{+2}_{-1}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of systems with separations below 25 au host a detectable disc, which may suggest that planetesimal formation is inhibited in binaries closer than a few tens of au, similar to the conclusions of studies of known planet-hosting binaries.
Ultra-soft X-ray system for imaging the early cellular responses to X-ray induced DNA damage
Authors: Kochan Jakub A , van den Belt Matthias , von der Lippe Julia , Desclos Emilie C B , Steurer Barbara , Hoebe Ron A , Scutigliani Enzo M , Verhoeven Jan , Stap Jan , Bosch Ruben , Rijpkema Meindert , van Oven Carel , van Veen Henk A , Stellingwerf Irene , Vriend Lianne E M , Marteijn Jurgen A , Aten Jacob A , Krawczyk Przemek M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The majority of the proteins involved in processing of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) accumulate at the damage sites. Real-time imaging and analysis of these processes, triggered by the so-called microirradiation using UV lasers or heavy particle beams, yielded valuable insights into the underlying DSB repair mechanisms. To study the temporal organization of DSB repair responses triggered by a more clinically-relevant DNA damaging agent, we developed a system coined X-ray multi-microbeam microscope (XM3), capable of simultaneous high dose-rate (micro)irradiation of large numbers of cells with ultra-soft X-rays and imaging of the ensuing cellular responses. Using this setup, we analyzed the changes in real-time kinetics of MRE11, MDC1, RNF8, RNF168 and 53BP1—proteins involved in the signaling axis of mammalian DSB repair—in response to X-ray and UV laser-induced DNA damage, in non-cancerous and cancer cells and in the presence or absence of a photosensitizer. Our results reveal, for the first time, the kinetics of DSB signaling triggered by X-ray microirradiation and establish XM3 as a powerful platform for real-time analysis of cellular DSB repair responses.
Limited Access to On-Label Formulations of Buprenorphine for Chronic Pain as Compared with Conventional Opioids
Authors: Fishman Michael A , Scherer Ashley , Topfer Jacob , Kim Philip S H 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImportanceBuprenorphine is a Schedule III analgesic that is recommended as the firstline long-acting opioid for the treatment of chronic pain due to its ceiling effect on respiratory depression, adverse effect profile, and analgesic efficacy. However, prescription drug coverage policies commonly require that patients try and fail multiple Schedule II conventional opioids before approval of on-label use of buprenorphine for chronic pain.DesignA retrospective review was performed looking at coverage of buprenorphine in the forms of Butrans and Belbuca. Patient denial letters, web searches of insurance and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), and an online tool (formularylookup.com) were used to assess the coverage and availability of buprenorphine for chronic pain.ResultsUnrestricted access to Butrans was reported for 42% of commercial lives and 11% of Medicare lives in all locations. Unrestricted access to Belbuca was reported for 53% of commercial lives and 23% of Medicare lives in all locations. Oxycodone immediate-release has unrestricted access for 84% of commercial plans and 97% of Medicare plans. Morphine extended-release has unrestricted access for 62% of commercial lives and 65% of Medicare lives.Conclusions and RelevanceThere are &gt;17,000 prescription opioid–involved deaths each year in the United States. By substituting buprenorphine as the firstline treatment for chronic and even acute pain, there may be fewer prescribed conventional opioids in the United States. Schedule III buprenorphine formulations for chronic pain should be given unrestricted access for appropriate patients before considering a Schedule II opioid as a public health priority.
Validation of the PROFUND index to predict early post-hospital discharge mortality
Authors: Martín-Escalante M D , Quirós-López R , Martos-Pérez F , Olalla-Sierra J , Rivas-Ruiz F , Aguilar-García J A , Jiménez-Puente A , García-Alegría J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The PROFUND index (PI) is a prognostic scale for polypathological patients at 12 months. The objective of the study was to validate the PI as a predictor of 1-year mortality in a current cohort of polypathological patients and analyse its prognostic usefulness in the short-term (1 month and 3 months) after discharge from Internal Medicine.

Design
We conducted a prospective observational study and all polypathological patients discharged from an Internal Medicine Department between 01 March 2016 and 28 February 2017 were enrolled.

Methods
The variables recorded for each patient were age, sex, diseases and diagnostic categories defining patients as polypathological patients, PI at discharge, number of hospital admissions, length of stay, vital status at 1 year, and date and place of death if applicable. Follow-up lasted 1 year from the time of enrolment.

Results
Six hundred and ten polypathological patients were enrolled. Mortality was 41% and the patients who died were older, their length of stay was longer and their PI was higher compared with those who survived. The discrimination of the PI for predicting mortality was good, with a C-statistic of 0.718 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.76]. In addition, a subgroup of patients with early mortality after discharge was identified, with a C-statistic of 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.80) at 30 days and 0.73 (95% CI 0.68–0.78) at 90 days.

Conclusions
The PI is a valid tool for predicting early and 1-year mortality in polypathological patients after discharge from Internal Medicine.
Integrating writing and mathematics: journaling to increase learning and enjoyment while reducing anxiety
Authors: McCarty Lindsey A , Faulkner Melissa S 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe goal of our study is to take what previous research has reported as the benefit of pairing mathematics courses with writing across the curriculum initiatives and the inclusion of writing to learn activities, specifically journaling in calculus courses, and expand upon notions of student perceptions of the benefits of writing in math. Thus, the students in one of our Calculus 1 courses completed ten reflective journal entries, specifically summarizing topics learned and asking questions. Based on feedback in the last journal entry, we present results showing that student response to the journaling project was quite positive, with most the students indicating it helped them to learn calculus better, and about half indicating it made them enjoy the class more and/or have less anxiety. Last, journaling greatly increased communication between students and the professor, improving instruction and learning.
14Animal Studies
Authors: Iveson Richard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis chapter examines material published in the field of animal studies in 2018. Following on from concerns highlighted in last year’s account, we find an amplified urgency and pressure being brought to bear on the conservative ideological foundations of much of today’s pro-animal theory, along with increased emphasis being placed on guarding against an unwitting affirmation of certain normative functions as well as potential recuperation by incumbent power structures. Similarly, the pejorative charge of Kantian correlationism as reactionary and normative is coming under increasing pressure, with the indictment of conservative reaction being turned back against such scholars who employ the concept of correlationism in an attempt to bypass theory altogether. By way of contested conceptions of extinction and the diverse fables to which they give rise, I argue that animal studies has reached a point in its rapid evolution and growth whence it becomes imperative that we reconsider the directions and methodologies of the field as a whole, and as an academic discipline emerging from the era of high theory in Continental thought. In order to facilitate this, I have divided the chapter into four sections: Extinction (I), Extinction (II), Extinction 2.0, and Fragility.
Melatonin-Mediated Pak2 Activation Reduces Cardiomyocyte Death Through Suppressing Hypoxia Reoxygenation Injury–Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Wang Suozhu , Bian Weishuai , Zhen Jie , Zhao Lei , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
Cardiac reperfusion injury has been found to be associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Recently, p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2) has been identified as a primary mediator of ER stress in chronic myocardial injury. Melatonin, a biological clock–related hormone, has been demonstrated to attenuate heart reperfusion burden by modulating ER stress and mitochondrial function. The aim of our study was to explore whether reperfusion-induced ER stress is modulated by melatonin through Pak2. Hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) was used in vitro to mimic reperfusion injury in cardiomyocytes. ER stress, oxidative stress, calcium overload, and cell death were measured through Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence with the assistance of siRNA transfection and pathway blocker treatment. The results of our study demonstrated that HR decreased the levels of Pak2 in cardiomyocytes in vitro, and inactivation of Pak2 was associated with ER stress, oxidative stress, calcium overload, caspase-12 activation, and cardiomyocytes apoptosis in vitro. Interestingly, melatonin treatment attenuated HR-mediated ER stress, redox imbalance, calcium overload, and caspase-12–related cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and these protective effects were dependent on Pak2 upregulation. Knockdown of Pak2 abolished the beneficial actions exerted by melatonin on HR-treated cardiomyocytes in vitro. Finally, we found that melatonin reversed Pak2 expression by activating the AMPK pathway and blockade of the AMPK pathway suppressed Pak2 upregulation and cardiomyocytes survival induced by melatonin in the presence of HR stress. Overall, our study reports that the AMPK-Pak2 axis, a novel signaling pathway modulated by melatonin, sends prosurvival signals for cardiomyocytes reperfusion injury through attenuation of ER stress in vitro.
Low-Dose Adrenaline Reduces Blood Pressure Acutely in Anesthetized Pigs Through a β2-Adrenergic Pathway
Authors: Lubberding Anniek F. , Thomsen Morten B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
Adrenaline (epinephrine) is one of the prime messengers of the fight-or-flight response, favoring the activation of β-adrenergic receptors. Although general vasoconstriction to nonessential tissues is imperative, the vasodilatory effect of β-adrenergic receptor activation contends with this. We aimed to determine the dose-dependent effects of adrenaline on hemodynamics and to test whether adrenaline could lower blood pressure (BP) through a β2-adrenergic pathway. Nineteen Danish landrace pigs were used to pharmacologically probe the hemodynamic effect of adrenaline. Pigs were anesthetized, intubated, and electrocardiogram, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and left ventricular pressure (LVP) were monitored continuously. First, we tested the dose-dependent effects of adrenaline (0.01–10 µg/kg). Second, we determined the response to adrenaline (0.3 µg/kg) after atropine, prazosin, and propranolol pretreatment. Finally, we tested the hemodynamic effect of salbutamol in a subset of pigs. All doses of adrenaline increased heart rate, while BP showed a biphasic response: At low doses, adrenaline decreased SBP from 118 ± 3 to 106 ± 4 mm Hg (n = 15; P < 0.05) and DBP from 86 ± 3 to 71 ± 3 (n = 15; P < 0.05), while at high doses, SBP and DBP increased. LVP showed a similar pattern, with a tendency of decreased pressure at low doses, and an increased pressure at high doses (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with autonomic blockers revealed that the increase in BP was due to α-adrenergic activity, while the decrease was due to β-adrenergic activity. In confirmation, β-adrenergic activation through salbutamol showed a similar decrease in SBP, DBP, and LVP. We conclude that adrenaline dose-dependently increases heart rate, while producing a biphasic response in BP with a decrease at low doses and an increase at high doses in an anesthetized, large-animal model.
Increased risk of ankylosing spondylitis after Mycoplasma pneumonia
Authors: Chu Kuo-An , Chen Weishan , Hung Yao-Min , Wei James Cheng-Chung 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) infection and new development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
Using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we included a total of 116,084 patients with newly diagnosed MP between 2000 and 2012. The control cohort consisted of patients who did not have MP, matched 1:4 by age, sex, and index year. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of MP to the date of diagnosis of AS, censoring, or 31 December 2013. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the risk of autoimmune diseases by sex, age, and comorbidities, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
The eligible study participants included 116,084 patients in the MP group and 464,336 patients in the comparison group. The incidence rates of AS in the MP group and comparison groups were 1.49 and 0.74 per 1,000,000-person years, respectively. The adjusted HR of AS for the MP group was 2.45 (95% CI = 1.02−5.90) compared to the control group after adjustment for age, sex, and all covariates.
MP remained an independent risk factor for developing AS in terms of sex, age, and comorbidities.
Survival analysis of intraoperative blood salvage for patients with malignancy disease
Authors: Wu Wei-Wei , Zhang Wei-Yi , Zhang Wei-Han , Yang Lei , Deng Xiao-Qian , Ou Meng-Chan , Yang Yao-Xin , Liu Hai-Bei , Zhu Tao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Intraoperative blood salvage as a blood-saving strategy has been widely used in surgery. Considering its theoretic risk of malignant tumor cells being reinfused and the corresponding blood metastases, the safety of intraoperative blood salvage in cancer surgery remains controversial.

Methods:
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), we searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE to November 2017. We included only studies comparing intraoperative blood salvage with allogeneic blood transfusion.

Results:
This meta-analysis included 9 studies with 4354 patients with 1346 patients in the intraoperative blood salvage group and 3008 patients in the allogeneic blood transfusion group. There were no significant differences in the 5-year overall survival outcome (odds ratio [OR] 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–1.58), 5-year disease-free survival outcome (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.86–1.35), or 5-year recurrence rate (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.71–1.05) between the 2 study groups. Subgroup analysis also showed no significant differences in the 5-year overall survival outcome (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.57–1.67) of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in liver transplantation.

Conclusions:
For patients with malignant disease, intraoperative blood salvage did not increase the tumor recurrence rate and had comparable survival outcomes with allogeneic blood transfusion.