bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous vs. surgical revascularization of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with multivessel disease: the SWEDEHEART registry
Authors: Omerovic Elmir , Råmunddal Truls , Petursson Petur , Angerås Oskar , Rawshani Araz , Jha Sandeep , Skoglund Kristofer , Mohammad Moman A , Persson Jonas , Alfredsson Joakim , Hofmann Robin , Jernberg Tomas , Fröbert Ole , Jeppsson Anders , Hansson Emma C , Dellgren Göran , Erlinge David , Redfors Björn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs. coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease remain debated.

Methods
The Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry was used to analyse 57 097 revascularized patients with NSTEMI with multivessel disease in Sweden from January 2005 to June 2022. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, encompassing both in-hospital and long-term mortality; the secondary endpoints included myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, new revascularization, and heart failure. Multilevel logistic regression with follow-up time as a log-transformed offset variable and double-robust adjustment with the instrumental variable method were applied to control for known and unknown confounders.

Results
Percutaneous coronary intervention was the primary therapy in 42 190 (73.9%) patients, while 14 907 (26.1%) received CABG. Percutaneous coronary intervention patients were generally older with more prior cardiovascular events, whereas CABG patients had higher incidences of diabetes, hypertension, left main and three-vessel disease, and reduced ejection fraction. Over a median follow-up of 7.1 years, PCI was associated with higher risks of death [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54–1.81] and MI (aOR 1.51; 95% CI 1.41–1.62) but there was no significant difference in stroke. Repeat revascularization was three times more likely to PCI (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 2.57–3.51), while heart failure risk was 15% higher (aOR 1.15; 95% CI 1.07–1.25). Coronary artery bypass grafting provided longer survival within 15 years, especially in patients under 70 years of age, with left main disease or left ventricular dysfunction, though this benefit diminished over shorter time horizons.

Conclusions
Coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with lower risks of mortality, MI, repeat revascularization, and heart failure in patients with NSTEMI, particularly in high-risk subgroups. However, its survival benefit lessens with shorter life expectancy.
Sex differences in myocardial infarction care and outcomes: a longitudinal Scottish National Data-Linkage Study
Authors: Pana Tiberiu A , Mamas Mamas A , Myint Phyo K , Dawson Dana K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
We investigate sex disparities in management and outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) in contemporary practice in Scotland.

Methods and results
This was a longitudinal cohort study including all MI admissions aged 45-80 years across Scotland between 2010–2016 and 2:1 age, sex, and general practice-matched general population controls. Participants were followed up until the end of 2021. We analysed in-hospital outcomes (percutaneous coronary intervention, secondary prevention and mortality) using Poisson regressions, adjusting for age, comorbidities, and ST-elevation. We used Royston–Parmar models for long-term outcomes (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, incident cardiovascular events), adjusting for age, comorbidities, and secondary prevention. Of a total 47 063 MI patients, 15 776 (33.5%) were women. Median (inter-quartile range) age was 66 (57, 73) years. Compared to men, women were older and more comorbid, but were less likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention [risk ratio (95% confidence interval) − 0.87 (0.86 – 0.89)] or receive secondary prevention at discharge [0.94 (0.93–0.95)]. No in-hospital mortality difference was observed between sexes [1.06 (0.99–1.13) after adjustment]. Over a median follow-up of 8.2 (6.7, 10.1) years, women had higher crude rates of adverse outcomes. After full adjustment, this translated into a lower risk for women compared to men of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio, 0.92 (0.89–0.95)], cardiovascular mortality [0.82 (0.78–0.87)], and cardiovascular events [0.92 (0.88–0.95)]. The female survival advantage seen in general population controls was attenuated in MI patients.

Conclusion
Women were undertreated compared to men after MI. Their survival and outcome benefits may be improved further. Poor outcomes in men despite better receipt of secondary prevention require further attention.
Could digital twins be the next revolution in healthcare?
Authors: de Oliveira El-Warrak Leonardo , Miceli de Farias Claudio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A Digital Twin (DT) can be understood as a representation of a real asset, a virtual replica of a physical object, process, or even a system. They have been used in managing healthcare facilities, streamlining care processes, personalizing treatments, and enhancing patient recovery. The potential impact of this tool on our society and its well-being is quite significant. A quick review of the literature was carried out using the terms (‘Digital Twins’) and (‘Digital Health’), and (Health Care) with a time interval of up to 5 years (2018–23). Using the PRISMA Method, the search was conducted in six academic databases: IEEE Xplore, Dimensions, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ACM. After applying the search strings and the exclusion criteria, a total of 13 publications were identified and listed to constitute and support the discussion of this article. The selected studies were categorized into 2 groups according to their application in healthcare: A group of clinical applications, subdivided into topics on personalized care and reproduction of biological structures and another group of operational applications, subdivided into topics such as optimization of operational processes, reproduction of physical structures, and development of devices and drugs. The use of DT in healthcare presents important challenges related to data integration, privacy, and interoperability. However, trends indicate exciting potential in personalizing treatment, prevention, remote monitoring, informed decision-making, and process management, which can result in significant improvements in quality and efficiency in healthcare.
Older adults in social housing: A systemically vulnerable population that needs to be prioritized
Authors: Dzerounian Jasmine , Mahal Guneet , AlShenaiber Leena , Angeles Ricardo , Marzanek Francine , Pirrie Melissa , Agarwal Gina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Older adults living in social housing are a vulnerable population with unique health challenges that often lead to poor health outcomes and high emergency service utilization. However, the needs of this population are frequently overlooked. This policy note describes the characteristics of older adults living in social housing in Canada and discusses why they are a vulnerable, underserved population in need of immediate attention and priority. Older adults in social housing have higher rates of chronic disease, lower quality of life, and lower health literacy and face challenges caused by various compounding social determinants of health. There is a large gap in research and tailored interventions focusing on this population. Based on these findings, the authors highlight the need for the allocation of resources to support this growing population, including dedicated funding, research, and programming. Proactively addressing the issues that exist in the health and social care of this high-needs population will also have larger implications for reducing healthcare system burden.
The ‘golden fleece of embryology’ eludes us once again: a recent RCT using artificial intelligence reveals again that blastocyst morphology remains the standard to beat
Authors: Sakkas Denny 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Grading of blastocyst morphology is used routinely for embryo selection with good outcomes. A lot of effort has been placed in IVF to search for the prize of selecting the most viable embryo to transfer (‘the golden fleece of embryology’). To improve on morphology alone, artificial intelligence (AI) has also become a tool of interest, with many retrospective studies being published with impressive prediction capabilities. Subsequently, AI has again raised expectations that this ‘golden fleece of embryology’ was once again within reach. A recent RCT however was not able to demonstrate non-inferiority using a deep learning algorithm ‘iDAScore version 1’ for clinical pregnancy rate when compared to standard morphology. Good blastocyst morphology has again proven itself as a high bar in predicting live birth. We should however not give up on the development of further approaches which may allow us to identify extra features of viable embryos that are not captured by morphology.
A Phase 1b/2a Trial of a Half-life Extended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Neutralizing Antibody, Clesrovimab, in Healthy Preterm and Full-term Infants
Authors: Madhi Shabir A , Simões Eric A F , Acevedo Armando , Novoa Pizarro Jose M , Shepard Julie S , Railkar Radha A , Cao Xin , Maas Brian M , Zang Xiaowei , Krick Andrea , Roadcap Brad , Vora Kalpit A , Aliprantis Antonios O , Lee Andrew W , Sinha Anushua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Clesrovimab is an investigational monoclonal antibody with an extended half-life targeting site IV of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein for the prevention of RSV disease in infants.

Methods
In this phase 1b/2a, double-blind study, 183 healthy preterm and full-term infants 2 weeks to 8 months of age were randomized 4:1 within 5 panels (preterm 20, 50, 75, or 100 mg; full-term 100 mg) to receive 1 dose of clesrovimab or placebo. The objectives were to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, serum neutralizing antibodies (SNA), and antidrug antibodies (ADA). The incidence of RSV-associated end points (medically attended lower respiratory tract infection, hospitalization, and acute respiratory infection) were also evaluated through 150 days postdose.

Results
The most common adverse event through day 14 was irritability; no treatment-related serious AEs were reported. Clesrovimab serum concentrations displayed a geometric mean apparent half-life of 44.9 days. Of participants receiving clesrovimab, 51 (36.7%) developed ADA with no apparent impact in pharmacokinetics. SNA titers increased in a dose-dependent manner at day 150. The incidences of RSV-associated end points were lower in infants treated with clesrovimab compared with placebo.

Conclusions
Clesrovimab was generally well tolerated and exhibited an extended half-life compared to typical IgG1 antibodies, supporting its ongoing development in late-stage trials.
Clinical Trial Registration. NCT03524118.
LCD benchmark: long clinical document benchmark on mortality prediction for language models
Authors: Yoon WonJin , Chen Shan , Gao Yanjun , Zhao Zhanzhan , Dligach Dmitriy , Bitterman Danielle S , Afshar Majid , Miller Timothy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The application of natural language processing (NLP) in the clinical domain is important due to the rich unstructured information in clinical documents, which often remains inaccessible in structured data. When applying NLP methods to a certain domain, the role of benchmark datasets is crucial as benchmark datasets not only guide the selection of best-performing models but also enable the assessment of the reliability of the generated outputs. Despite the recent availability of language models capable of longer context, benchmark datasets targeting long clinical document classification tasks are absent.

Materials and Methods
To address this issue, we propose Long Clinical Document (LCD) benchmark, a benchmark for the task of predicting 30-day out-of-hospital mortality using discharge notes of Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV and statewide death data. We evaluated this benchmark dataset using baseline models, from bag-of-words and convolutional neural network to instruction-tuned large language models. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the model outputs, including manual review and visualization of model weights, to offer insights into their predictive capabilities and limitations.

Results
Baseline models showed 28.9% for best-performing supervised models and 32.2% for GPT-4 in F1 metrics. Notes in our dataset have a median word count of 1687.

Discussion
Our analysis of the model outputs showed that our dataset is challenging for both models and human experts, but the models can find meaningful signals from the text.

Conclusion
We expect our LCD benchmark to be a resource for the development of advanced supervised models, or prompting methods, tailored for clinical text.
Mating behaviour influences the direction and geographic extent of introgression in New Zealand fishing spiders (Dolomedes)
Authors: Connolly Simon J , Curtis Kate M , Vink Cor J , Painting Christina J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introgression is a highly influential process in evolution, where genes flow between species that are not fully reproductively isolated. Studies on introgression often focus on describing gene transfer and environmental changes that facilitate the meeting of species. However, the impact of mating systems and behaviour that facilitate gene transfer is less well-known. Dolomedes aquaticus and D. minor are sister species of fishing spiders undergoing one-way, geographically limited mitochondrial introgression, making them an excellent case study for the factors that promote and limit introgression. We used a combination of field observations and crossing experiments to systematically investigate potential prefertilization barriers that could limit introgression and explain the one-way and geographic barriers to introgression in these species. We found that habitat overlap and timing of reproductive maturity were not likely to be important limiting factors to introgression. However, behaviour was an important factor, with male mate choice being implicated in the geographic limitation, and female mate choice being implicated in the one-way limitation. Our results show the importance of using behavioural approaches in the investigation of introgression.
Invasive Species, Health, and Global History Afterword: The Disavowal of Human Agency
Authors: Clarke Sabine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The papers in this special issue explore the metaphorical realms that inform discourses on disruptive plants and animals. They explore how species movements in the twentieth century were framed and interpreted, and the medical, scientific, legal, and bureaucratic processes that turned a non-native or mobile species into a formally designated “invasive” one. In doing so, they allow insight into the mechanisms of disavowal, how some species were constructed as the cause of disease and ecological change, while others escaped censure.
Acute mesenteric ischemia secondary to metastatic neuroendocrine tumor: a case analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Swafford Emily P , Magge Deepa R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are notably rare and frequently arise from the gastrointestinal tract. Generally asymptomatic, NETs uncommonly result in acute abdominal pain. We present a case of known metastatic NET manifesting as acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia due to the involvement of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV). A 63-year-old female with metastatic NET presented with acute-onset abdominal pain. The patient was hemodynamically stable but uncomfortable appearing with significant pain. Imaging demonstrated decreased enhancement of several small bowel loops within the right lower quadrant concerning for bowel ischemia with a mesenteric mass encasing the SMA and SMV. Surgical intervention revealed a nonviable loop of small bowel. Second-look laparotomy was performed with viable remaining bowel, and an ileocolic anastomosis was successfully created. Acute-onset abdominal pain in a patient with NET warrants urgent. Mesenteric ischemia, while rare, should not be overlooked, as timely diagnosis and intervention are imperative.
Black hole spin evolution across cosmic time from the NewHorizon simulation
Authors: Beckmann R S , Dubois Y , Volonteri M , Dong-Paez C A , Peirani S , Piotrowska J M , Martin G , Kraljic K , Devriendt J , Pichon C , Yi S K 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Astrophysical black holes (BHs) have two fundamental properties: mass and spin. While the mass-evolution of BHs has been extensively studied, much less work has been done on predicting the distribution of BH spins. In this paper, we present the spin evolution for a sample of intermediate-mass and massive BHs from the NewHorizon simulation, which evolved BH spin across cosmic time in a full cosmological context through gas accretion, BH–BH mergers and BH feedback including jet spindown. As BHs grow, their spin evolution alternates between being dominated by gas accretion and BH mergers. Massive BHs are generally highly spinning. Accounting for the spin energy extracted through the Blandford–Znajek mechanism increases the scatter in BH spins, especially in the mass range $10^{5}{-}10^{7}\,\rm M_\odot$, where BHs had previously been predicted to be almost universally maximally spinning. We find no evidence for spin-down through efficient chaotic accretion. As a result of their high spin values, massive BHs have an average radiative efficiency of $\lt \varepsilon _{\rm r}^{\rm thin}\gt \approx 0.19$. As BHs spend much of their time at low redshift with a radiatively inefficient thick disc, BHs in our sample remain hard to observe. Different observational methods probe different sub-populations of BHs, significantly influencing the observed distribution of spins. Generally, X-ray-based methods and higher luminosity cuts increase the average observed BH spin. When taking BH spin evolution into account, BHs inject, on average, between three times (in quasar mode) and eight times (in radio mode) as much feedback energy into their host galaxy as previously assumed.
Update of the FANTOM web resource: enhancement for studying noncoding genomes
Authors: Nobusada Tomoe , Yip Chi Wai , Agrawal Saumya , Severin Jessica , Abugessaisa Imad , Hasegawa Akira , Hon Chung Chau , Ide Satoru , Koido Masaru , Kondo Atsushi , Masuya Hiroshi , Oki Shinya , Tagami Michihira , Takada Toyoyuki , Terao Chikashi , Thalhath Nishad , Walker Scott , Yasuzawa Kayoko , Shin Jay W , de Hoon Michiel J L , Carninci Piero , Kawaji Hideya , Kasukawa Takeya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The FANTOM web resource (https://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/) has been a unique resource for studying mammalian genomes, which is built on the research activities conducted in the international collaborative project FANTOM (Functional ANnoTation Of the Mammalian genome). In recent updates, we expanded annotations for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and transcribed cis-regulatory elements (CREs). The former was derived from the large-scale lncRNA perturbations in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and integrative analysis of Hi-C data conducted in the sixth iteration of the project (FANTOM6). The resulting annotations of lncRNAs, according to the impact on cellular and molecular phenotypes and the potential RNA-chromatin interactions, are accessible via the interactive ZENBU-Reports framework. The latter involves a new platform, fanta.bio (https://fanta.bio/), which collects transcribed CREs identified via use of an extended dataset of CAGE profiles. The CREs, with their annotations including genetic and epigenetic information, are accessible via a dedicated interface as well as the UCSC Genome Browser Database. These updates offer enhanced opportunities to investigate the functions of non-coding regions within mammalian genomes.
Acute Effects of Nicotine on Non-Drug-Related Reward in Smokers and Non-Smokers
Authors: Rycroft Nicola , Kimber Catherine , Brazier Emke S E , Dawkins Lynne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Nicotine increases the reward value of non-drug-related stimuli in animals and dependent smokers; however, research on people who are not dependent on nicotine is limited. This study aimed to explore whether nicotine delivered by oral spray can enhance responding to self-selected sensory rewards in both smokers and non-smokers.

Aims and Methods
Minimally abstinent smokers (n = 30) and non-smokers (n = 31) completed subjective ratings of nicotine withdrawal, and received either 2 mg nicotine or placebo oral spray and visual analogue scales to measure the perceived effects of the spray. An operant conditioning task (Applepicker) that required button clicks to find apples was completed twice, with and without a reward of 30 seconds of pre-prepared music for each reinforcer earned. Measures taken were the number of apples found (reinforcers), number of clicks (responses), and time spent on the task (in seconds).

Results
There were no differences between smokers and non-smokers on ratings of nicotine withdrawal or effects of the spray. All participants spent longer searching for apples, earned more reinforcers, and produced more responses when listening to music. Nicotine administration led to a higher number of reinforcers earned and, when music was playing, an increase in a number of responses. A three-way interaction revealed that non-smokers who had received nicotine spent the longest searching for apples.

Conclusions
Nicotinic enhancement of sensory rewards was seen in non-smokers only which cannot be accounted for by learned associations with nicotine or reversal of withdrawal effects. Smokers, however, may require higher doses of nicotine to achieve the same effect.

Implications
Nicotinic enhancement of sensory rewards was demonstrated in non-smokers, but not in everyday smokers, suggesting it is unlikely to be related to nicotine dependence or learned associations between nicotine and pleasure. The absence of this effect in smokers suggests that higher levels of nicotine than those obtained from 2 mg oral sprays may be required to achieve enhancement of reward in people who regularly consume nicotine. For nicotine replacement (including e-cigarettes) to become more effective at reducing anhedonia during quit attempts, smokers may require nicotine doses that more closely replicate levels achieved through smoking.