bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN BRUTE FORCE ATTACK DALAM PENERAPANNYA PADA CRYPT8 DAN CSA-RAINBOW TOOL UNTUK MENCARI BISS
Authors: Gunawan Indra 
Published: February 2018

Algoritma Brute Force merupakan suatu aritmatika untuk mencari dan mengetahui sebuah jenis sandi atau kode yang salh satunya sebuah kode acakan misalnya jenis acakan BISS (Basic Interoperable Scrambling System). Algoritma brute force yang umumnya dipakai untuk mencari kasus kode acakan seperti ini umumnya disebut Brute Force Attack. Brute force attack menggunakan sebuah himpunan karakter atau teks yang akan dipakai untuk referensi karakter-karakter dari kode yang ingin dicari. Himpunan karakter yang dipakai akan menjadi sebuah ukuran keefektifan dari algoritma itu sendiri. Semakin banyak anggota himpunan karakter ini, tentunya persentasi kode biss untuk sebuah kode biss dapat dicari akan tinggi. Namun, semakin banyak karakter yang ada di dalam himpunan itu harus dibayar dengan waktu pengerjaan yang lebih lama. Brute Force ini sudah mulai dikembangkan untuk mencari kode. Salah satu pengembangannya adalah pengumpulan chain sebagai database dan penggunaan Crypt8 dan CSA-Rainbow Tool yang menggunakan algoritma brute force sehingga memungkinkan untuk memangkas waktu yang diperlukan Brute Force Attack.
IMPLEMENTASI STEGANOGRAFI DALAM MENYEMBUNYIKAN PESAN TEKS DENGAN METODE MSB(MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT)
Authors: Wahyuni Meri Sri 
Published: February 2018

Steganografi adalah ilmu dan seni menyembunyikan pesan rahasia (hiding message) sedemikian sehingga keberadaan (eksistensi) pesan tidak terdeteksi oleh indera manusia. Steganografi ini menggunakan media digital sebagai tempat menyimpan yaitu file citra, dan data rahasia yang akan disembunyikan berupa teks. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan penyisipan pesan kedalam file citra adalah metode Most Significant Bit (MSB). Metode ini akan mengganti bit pertama dari piksel citra dengan bit-bit penyisip. Untuk melakukan penyisipan pesan kedalam citra warna, maka citra dan pesan penyisip harus diubah menjadi biner. Pengubahan citra warna menjadi citra biner digunakan untuk mendapatkan satu nilai pada satu piksel citra, dimana satu piksel citra biner akan digantikan dengan satu bit dari delapan bit satu karakter pesan penyisip. MSB menggunakan teknik Dynamic Cell Spreading (DCS) dengan prosedur mengkopi bitmap ke buffer dan proses mengkopi buffer ke bitmap. Prosedur mengkopi dari bitmap ke buffer digunakan sekali di setiap proses dan prosedur mengkopi buffer ke bitmap digunakan pada saat embedding file. Prosedur mengkopi bitmap ke buffer bertujuan untuk merubah dari bentuk bitmap yang kemudian diubah ke bahasa assembly untuk mendapatkan keseluruhan bit dari gambar yang telah didapat dari buffer memori.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PENGGAJIAN PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI (Studi Kasus Sekolah Tinggi XYZ)
Authors: Josi Ahmat 
Published: February 2018

Perkembangan teknologi informasi (TI) dan ilmu pengetahuan pada masa globalisasi telah berkolaborasi dengan banyak bidang ilmu lainnya dan merambah ke segala bidang. TI membawa perubahan yang sangat mendasar bagi perguruan tinggi misalnya pemanfaatan aplikasi penggajian. Aplikasi Penggajian adalah sebuah sistem yang dapat mencatat dan memproses data gaji pegawai, dimana data tersebut digunakan sebagai dasar besarnya jumlah gaji yang dibayarkan kepada pegawai atas layanan yang mereka berikan. aplikasi ini didesain khusus untuk perguruan tinggi yang belum mempunyai alat yang canggih seperti system yang sudah sinkronisasi atau otomatisasi dengan kehadiran, Aplikasi ini dibangun untuk menghindari kesalahan-kesalahan dalam perhitungan rekap gaji baik karyawan maupun dosen disebuah perguruan tinggi. Dengan adanya program aplikasi penggajian ini, maka penginputan data dan penyusunan laporan dapat dilakukan secara cepat dan tepat.
Stress and Coping Mechanisms among nursing students in Kathmandu
Authors: Bista B , Bhattrai B , Khadka N 
Published: February 2018

Background: Every person experiences different forms of stress throughout their life. Therefore a student nurse is no exception as they have to adjust to an entirely new environment on joining nursing. Stress in nursing students is an area of growing concern. The stress among the students can have serious effects on their health and studies. It may affect in psychological distress, physical complains, behavior problems and poor academic performance.Objective : The main objective of this study was to assess the level of stress and coping mechanisms among nursing students.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 283 nursing students of Manmohan Memorial Institiute of Health Sciences (MMIHS), by using purposive sampling technique. The level of stress was assessed using Perceived stress scale-14 (PSS-14) and coping mechanism was assessed using Brief cope inventory. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used and Chi-square test was applied for association.Result: The results were found that 61.5% of the respondents have moderate stress and 27.9% of the respondents have severe stress and mild stress only by 10.6%.Likewise 44.5% of the respondents were very often stressed due to test, examination and evaluations where as half of the majority of respondents were some time deal with dying or seriously ill patient. Similarly 58.3% used Emotion-focused strategies for coping mechanism and 3.9% of the respondents used Problem-focused strategies for coping mechanism.Conclusion: Majority of the nursing students were found to have moderate stress. Perceived stress scale was found to be statistically significant with age, educational status of the respondents, education of father and mother. Majority of the respondents used emotion-focused strategies for coping and minority of the respondents used problem-focused coping strategies.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, 2017, page:16-23
Health Policy in Nepal: An Assessment of Clinical Guidelines in Relation to the Burden of Disease
Authors: Hodgkinson Sara , Saddiq Muhammad , Balen Julie 
Published: February 2018

Background: Clinical guidelines provide health workers with valuable information on how to diagnose and treat patients. In many low-income countries, there appears to be a lack of appropriate clinical guidelines for conditions with high rates of morbidity; Nepal is one such nation. It is useful to examine clinical guidelines in relation to disease burden to establish any gaps which might be addressed through changes in policy and practice.Methods: The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, quantifying disease burden both nationally and in five districts served by PHASE Nepal – an NGO working in health and development – before contrasting this with available clinical guidelines in Nepal. Key informant interviews were subsequently conducted to gain greater insight into disease burden and guideline availability.Results: Of the 10 diseases found to be most burdensome in the PHASE-served districts, 3 lacked any context-specific guidelines. NCDs were found to be prevalent at both district and national level, yet guideline provision for such conditions was minimal. Mental illness was highlighted by interview participants as a growing problem; however, Nepal does not currently have any utilisable clinical guidelines for mental health. Missing data was identified as a significant issue, with lack of mortality data hindering accurate quantification of local and national disease burden.Conclusions: There is evident need for more context-appropriate clinical guidelines in Nepal to effectively diagnose and treat diseases that are most burdensome within communities. Improving health data quality is fundamental to ensuring policy makers are equipped with accurate information from which to develop appropriate protocol.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, 2017, page: 24-35
Association of plasma D-dimer level with thromboembolic events after endovascular coil treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Fukuda Hitoshi , Handa Akira , Koyanagi Masaomi , Lo Benjamin , Yamagata Sen 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVEAlthough endovascular therapy is favored for acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms, hematological factors associated with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may predispose to procedure-related ischemic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an elevated level of plasma D-dimer, a parameter of hypercoagulation in patients with acute SAH, is correlated with increased incidence of thromboembolic events during endovascular coiling of ruptured aneurysms.METHODSThe authors analyzed data from 103 cases of acutely ruptured aneurysms (in 103 patients) treated with endovascular coil embolization at a single institution. Factors associated with elevated D-dimer level on admission were identified. The authors also evaluated whether D-dimer elevation was independently correlated with increased incidence of perioperative thromboembolic events.RESULTSAn elevated D-dimer concentration (≥ 1.0 μg/ml) on admission was observed in 70 (68.0%) of 103 patients. Increasing age (p < 0.001, Student t-test) and poor initial neurological grade representing World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade IV or V (p = 0.0018, chi-square test) were significantly associated with D-dimer elevation. Symptomatic thromboembolic events occurred in 11 cases (10.7%). Elevated D-dimer levels on admission (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10–1.62, p = 0.0029) independently carried a higher risk of thromboembolic events after adjustment for potential angiographic confounders, including wide neck of the aneurysm and large aneurysm size.CONCLUSIONSElevated D-dimer levels on admission of patients with acute SAH were significantly associated with increased incidence of thromboembolic events during endovascular coiling of ruptured aneurysms.
Novel experimental surgical strategy to prevent traumatic neuroma formation by combining a 3D-printed Y-tube with an autograft
Authors: Bolleboom Anne , de Ruiter Godard C. W. , Coert J. Henk , Tuk Bastiaan , Holstege Jan C. , van Neck Johan W. 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVETraumatic neuromas may develop after nerve injury at the proximal nerve stump, which can lead to neuropathic pain. These neuromas are often resistant to therapy, and excision of the neuroma frequently leads to recurrence. In this study, the authors present a novel surgical strategy to prevent neuroma formation based on the principle of centro-central anastomosis (CCA), but rather than directly connecting the nerve ends to an autograft, they created a loop using a 3D-printed polyethylene Y-shaped conduit with an autograft in the distal outlets.METHODSThe 3D-printed Y-tube with autograft was investigated in a model of rat sciatic nerve transection in which the Y-tube was placed on the proximal sciatic nerve stump and a peroneal graft was placed between the distal outlets of the Y-tube to form a closed loop. This model was compared with a CCA model, in which a loop was created between the proximal tibial and peroneal nerves with a peroneal autograft. Additional control groups consisted of the closed Y-tube and the extended-arm Y-tube. Results were analyzed at 12 weeks of survival using nerve morphometry for the occurrence of neuroma formation and axonal regeneration in plastic semi-thin sections.RESULTSAmong the different surgical groups, the Y-tube with interposed autograft was the only model that did not result in neuroma formation at 12 weeks of survival. In addition, a 13% reduction in the number of myelinated axons regenerating through the interposed autograft was observed in the Y-tube with autograft model. In the CCA model, the authors also observed a decrease of 17% in the number of myelinated axons, but neuroma formation was present in this model. The closed Y-tube resulted in minimal nerve regeneration inside the tube together with extensive neuroma formation before the entrance of the tube. The extended-arm Y-tube model clearly showed that the majority of the regenerating axons merged into the Y-tube arm, which was connected to the autograft, leaving the extended plastic arm almost empty.CONCLUSIONSThis pilot study shows that our novel 3D-printed Y-tube model with interposed autograft prevents neuroma formation, making this a promising surgical tool for the management of traumatic neuromas.
Usefulness of corset adoption after single-level lumbar discectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zoia Cesare , Bongetta Daniele , Alicino Cristiano , Chimenti Marcella , Pugliese Raffaelino , Gaetani Paolo 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVEIn this paper, the authors sought to verify whether corset adoption could improve the short-term and midterm outcome scores of patients after single-level lumbar discectomy.METHODSA monocentric, randomized controlled trial of 54 consecutive patients who underwent single-level lumbar discectomy at the authors’ institution was performed from September 2014 to August 2015. Patients were randomly assigned to use or not use a lumbar corset in the upright position. Patients with previous interventions for disc herniation or with concomitant canal or foraminal stenosis were excluded. The visual analog scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire were used to compare groups at the 1- and 6-month follow-up time points.RESULTSNo significant differences between the 2 groups were reported at either time point for any given outcome irrespective of the scale used.CONCLUSIONSCorset adoption does not improve the short-term and midterm outcomes of patients after single-level lumbar discectomy.
Enhancement of motor learning by focal intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of either the primary motor (M1) or somatosensory area (S1) in healthy human subjects
Authors: Platz Thomas , Adler-Wiebe Marija , Roschka Sybille , Lotze Martin 
Published: February 2018

Background: Motor rehabilitation after brain damage relies on motor re-learning as induced by specific training. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) can alter cortical excitability and thereby has a potential to enhance subsequent training-induced learning. Knowledge about any priming effects of NIBS on motor learning in healthy subjects can help to design targeted therapeutic applications in brain-damaged subjects. Objective: To examine whether complex motor learning in healthy subjects can be enhanced by intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to primary motor or sensory cortical areas. Methods: Eighteen young healthy subjects trained eight different arm motor tasks (arm ability training, AAT) once a day for 5 days using their left non-dominant arm. Except for day 1 (baseline), training was performed after applying an excitatory form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (iTBS) to either (I) right M1 or (II) S1, or (III) sham stimulation to the right M1. Subjects were randomly assigned to conditions I, II, or III. Results: A principal component analysis of the motor behaviour data suggested eight independent motor abilities corresponding to the 8 trained tasks. AAT induced substantial motor learning across abilities with generalisation to a non-trained test of finger dexterity (Nine-Hole-Peg-Test, NHPT). Participants receiving iTBS (to either M1 or S1) showed better performance with the AAT tasks over the period of training compared to sham stimulation as well as a bigger improvement with the generalisation task (NHPT) for the trained left hand after training completion. Conclusion: Priming with an excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as iTBS of either M1 or S1 can enhance motor learning across different sensorimotor abilities.
« Mes vrais potes, ils sont dehors ». L’adolescence en prison
Authors: Amsellem-Mainguy Yaëlle , Coquard Benoît , Vuattoux Arthur 
Published: February 2018

“ My real mates aren’t in prison”. Adolescence in prison.
This article examines the range of adolescences experienced by incarcerated young people, through interviews conducted with young women and men in prisons for minors in France. This will involve analysis of what young men and women – who insist they are not “ young people like everyone else” – have to say about this. The purpose will therefore be to understand the themes they use to speak about their day-to-day lives, and how they position themselves in the social world. What effect does the prison environment have on the way they talk about their adolescence ? These young people share generational interests despite their incarceration and they consider themselves to be “ more mature” than young people of their own age, who appear to them to have less experience of life in general.
HR 8844: A New Transition Object between the Am Stars and the HgMn Stars?
Authors: Monier R. , Gebran M. , Royer F. , Kilicoglu T. , Frémat Y. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
While monitoring a sample of apparently slowly rotating superficially normal early-A stars, we have discovered that HR 8844 (A0 V) is actually a new chemically peculiar star. We first compared the high-resolution spectrum of HR 8844 with that of four slow rotators near A0V (ν Cap, ν Cnc, Sirius A, and HD 72660) to highlight similarities and differences. The lines of Ti ii, Cr ii, Sr ii, and Ba ii are conspicuous features in the high-resolution high signal-to-noise SOPHIE spectra of HR 8844 and much stronger than in the spectra of the normal star ν Cap. The Hg ii line at 3983.93 Å is also present in a 3.5% blend. Selected unblended lines of 31 chemical elements from He up to Hg have been synthesized using model atmospheres computed with ATLAS9 and the spectrum synthesis code SYNSPEC48 including hyperfine structure of various isotopes when relevant. These synthetic spectra have been adjusted to the mean SOPHIE spectrum of HR 8844, and high-resolution spectra of the comparison stars. Chi-squares were minimized to derive abundances or upper limits to the abundances of these elements for HR 8844 and the comparison stars. HR 8844 is found to have underabundances of He, C, O, Mg, Ca, and Sc, mild enhancements of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and distinct enhancements of the heavy elements Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Pr, Sm, Eu, and Hg, the overabundances increasing steadily with atomic number. This chemical pattern suggests that HR 8844 may actually be a new transition object between the coolest HgMn stars and the Am stars.
The KBC Void: Consistency with Supernovae Type Ia and the Kinematic SZ Effect in a ΛLTB Model
Authors: Hoscheit Benjamin L. , Barger Amy J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
There is substantial and growing observational evidence from the normalized luminosity density in the near-infrared that the local universe is underdense on scales of several hundred megaparsecs. We test whether our parameterization of the observational data of such a “void” is compatible with the latest supernovae type Ia data and with constraints from line-of-sight peculiar-velocity motions of galaxy clusters with respect to the cosmic microwave background rest-frame, known as the linear kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect. Our study is based on the large local void (LLV) radial profile observed by Keenan, Barger, and Cowie (KBC) and a theoretical void description based on the Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi model with a nonzero cosmological constant (ΛLTB). We find consistency with the measured luminosity distance–redshift relation on radial scales relevant to the KBC LLV through a comparison with 217 low-redshift supernovae type Ia over the redshift range

. We assess the implications of the KBC LLV in light of the tension between “local” and “cosmic” measurements of the Hubble constant, H
0. We find that when the existence of the KBC LLV is fully accounted for, this tension is reduced from

to

. We find that previous linear kSZ constraints, as well as new ones from the South Pole Telescope and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, are fully compatible with the existence of the KBC LLV.
The HST Large Programme on ω Centauri. III. Absolute Proper Motion
Authors: Libralato Mattia , Bellini Andrea , Bedin Luigi R. , Edmundo Moreno D.  , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Pichardo Barbara , Marel Roeland P. van der , Anderson Jay , Apai Dániel , Burgasser Adam J. , Marino Anna Fabiola , Milone Antonino P. , Rees Jon M. , Watkins Laura L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we report a new estimate of the absolute proper motion (PM) of the globular cluster NGC 5139 (ω Cen) as part of the HST large program GO-14118+14662. We analyzed a field 17 arcmin southwest of the center of ω Cen and computed PMs with epoch spans of ∼15.1 years. We employed 45 background galaxies to link our relative PMs to an absolute reference-frame system. The absolute PM of the cluster in our field is

mas yr−1. Upon correction for the effects of viewing perspective and the known cluster rotation, this implies that for the cluster center of mass

mas yr−1. This measurement is direct and independent, has the highest random and systematic accuracy to date, and will provide an external verification for the upcoming Gaia Data Release 2. It also differs from most reported PMs for ω Cen in the literature by more than 5σ, but consistency checks compared to other recent catalogs yield excellent agreement. We computed the corresponding Galactocentric velocity, calculated the implied orbit of ω Cen in two different Galactic potentials, and compared these orbits to the orbits implied by one of the PM measurements available in the literature. We find a larger (by about 500 pc) perigalactic distance for ω Cen with our new PM measurement, suggesting a larger survival expectancy for the cluster in the Galaxy.
New Spectral Model for Constraining Torus Covering Factors from Broadband X-Ray Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Baloković M. , Brightman M. , Harrison F. A. , Comastri A. , Ricci C. , Buchner J. , Gandhi P. , Farrah D. , Stern D. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The basic unified model of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) invokes an anisotropic obscuring structure, usually referred to as a torus, to explain AGN obscuration as an angle-dependent effect. We present a new grid of X-ray spectral templates based on radiative transfer calculations in neutral gas in an approximately toroidal geometry, appropriate for CCD-resolution X-ray spectra (FWHM ≥ 130 eV). Fitting the templates to broadband X-ray spectra of AGNs provides constraints on two important geometrical parameters of the gas distribution around the supermassive black hole: the average column density and the covering factor. Compared to the currently available spectral templates, our model is more flexible, and capable of providing constraints on the main torus parameters in a wider range of AGNs. We demonstrate the application of this model using hard X-ray spectra from NuSTAR (3–79 keV) for four AGNs covering a variety of classifications: 3C 390.3, NGC 2110, IC 5063, and NGC 7582. This small set of examples was chosen to illustrate the range of possible torus configurations, from disk-like to sphere-like geometries with column densities below, as well as above, the Compton-thick threshold. This diversity of torus properties challenges the simple assumption of a standard geometrically and optically thick toroidal structure commonly invoked in the basic form of the unified model of AGNs. Finding broad consistency between our constraints and those from infrared modeling, we discuss how the approach from the X-ray band complements similar measurements of AGN structures at other wavelengths.