bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graduate mobility: Where do dentistry graduates choose to practise?
Authors: Veerasamy Arthi , Loch Carolina , Adam Lee , Brunton Paul Anthony 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe international higher education market has grown and developed rapidly. International students generate attractive income for host universities, and gaining an international education benefits students in an increasingly globalised world. However, there is little research regarding where international students intend to work and settle beyond graduation. This study investigated where dentistry students intended to practise after graduation, and whether international students who graduated between 2001 and 2016 are currently practising in their host country (New Zealand) or have migrated overseas.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was used to investigate current students’ intended destination of practice after graduation. Additionally, names of international graduates since 2001 were matched against the 2017 register of practitioners to determine if they were currently registered to practise in their host country. A frequency and bivariate analysis was conducted.ResultsAlmost 64% of current international students indicated their intention to stay in their host country after graduation. However, only 22% of graduates since 2001 were currently practising in New Zealand. The number of international graduates who registered to practise in New Zealand increased between 2001 and 2016.ConclusionLess than one‐quarter of international graduates were currently practising in their host country; however, longitudinal data showed that this is an increasing trend. These findings can be used to inform how we might prepare current and future graduates for both local and globalised labour markets.
Pathogenic heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HIT) antibodies determined by rapid functional flow cytometry
Authors: Cipok Michal , Tomer Aaron , Elalamy Ismail , Kirgner Ilya , Dror Naama , Kay Sigi , Deutsch Varda R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesReliable diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HIT) is mandatory for patient management, yet prompt determination of pathogenic antibodies remains an unmet clinical challenge. Common immunoassays carry inherent limitations and functional assays which detect antibody‐mediated platelet activation are not usually readily available to routine laboratories, especially the serotonin release assay (SRA), being technically demanding, time consuming, and requires high level expertise. To overcome some of these limitations, we have developed a practical functional flow cytometric assay (FCA) for routine clinical use.MethodsA simple FCA is described which avoids platelet manipulation, is highly specific and sensitive compared with SRA, and provides rapid results.ResultsOf the 650 consecutive samples, from HIT‐suspected patients, 99 (15.3%) were positive by the PaGIA Heparin/PF4 immunoassay and 31 (4.8%) by FCA. Average platelet activation was 11‐fold higher in PaGIA+/FCA+ vs PaGIA−/FCA− samples. Of 21 SRA‐positive samples, 19 were FCA‐positive (relative sensitivity 90.5%), and of 42 SRA‐negative samples, 40 were FCA‐negative (relative specificity 95.2%). The FCA showed significantly higher correlation with the clinical presentation of HIT (4Ts score) performed on 182 patients, compared with PaGIA Heparin/PF4 (ROC‐plot analysis, AUC 0.93 vs 0.63, P < 0.001). At a 92% sensitivity, the assay specificity was 96%.ConclusionsThe present FCA is practical for routine testing, providing prompt reliable results for initial diagnosis and confirmation, to effectively assist in HIT patient management.
Thermal property values of a central Iowa soil as functions of soil water content and bulk density or of soil air content
Authors: Tong Bing , Kool Dilia , Heitman Joshua L. , Sauer Thomas J. , Gao Zhiqiu , Horton Robert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoil thermal properties play important roles in dynamic heat and mass transfer processes, and they vary with soil water content (θ) and bulk density (ρ
b). Both θ and ρ
b change with time, particularly in recently tilled soil. However, few studies have addressed the full extent of soil thermal property changes with θ and ρ
b. The objective of this study is to examine how changes in ρ
b with time after tillage impact soil thermal properties (volumetric heat capacity, C
v, thermal diffusivity, k, and thermal conductivity, λ). The study provides thermal property values as functions of θ and ρ
b and of air content (n
air) on undisturbed soil cores obtained at selected times following tillage. Heat pulse probe measurements of thermal properties were obtained on each soil core at saturated, partially saturated (θ at pressure head of −50 kPa) and oven‐dry conditions. Generally, k and λ increased with increasing ρ
b at the three water conditions. The C
v increased as ρ
b increased in the oven‐dry and unsaturated conditions and decreased as ρ
b increased in the saturated condition. For a given θ, a larger ρ
b was associated with larger thermal property values, especially for λ. The figures of C
v, k and λ versus θ and ρ
b, as well as C
v, k and λ versus n
air, represented the range of soil conditions following tillage. Trends in the relationships of thermal property values with θ and ρ
b were described by 3‐D surfaces, whereas each thermal property had a linear relationship with n
air. Clearly, recently tilled soil thermal property values were quite dynamic temporally due to varying θ and ρ
b. The dynamic soil thermal property values should be considered in soil heat and mass transfer models either as 3‐D functions of θ and ρ
b or as linear functions of n
air.Highlights

Thermal property values for a range of θ and ρ
b were measured on undisturbed soil cores.
Freshly tilled soil thermal property values were quite dynamic temporally.
The thermal property values of a tilled soil were described as 3‐D surfaces with θ and ρ
b.
The thermal property values of a tilled soil varied linearly with n
air.
Fast attrition of springtail communities by experimental drought and richness–decomposition relationships across Europe
Authors: Peguero Guille , Sol Daniel , Arnedo Miquel , Petersen Henning , Salmon Sandrine , Ponge Jean‐François , Maspons Joan , Emmett Bridget , Beier Claus , Schmidt Inger K. , Tietema Albert , De Angelis Paolo , Kovács‐Láng Edit , Kröel‐Dulay György , Estiarte Marc , Bartrons Mireia , Holmstrup Martin , Janssens Ivan A. , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoil fauna play a fundamental role on key ecosystem functions like organic matter decomposition, although how local assemblages are responding to climate change and whether these changes may have consequences to ecosystem functioning is less clear. Previous studies have revealed that a continued environmental stress may result in poorer communities by filtering out the most sensitive species. However, these experiments have rarely been applied to climate change factors combining multiyear and multisite standardized field treatments across climatically contrasting regions, which has limited drawing general conclusions. Moreover, other facets of biodiversity, such as functional and phylogenetic diversity, potentially more closely linked to ecosystem functioning, have been largely neglected. Here, we report that the abundance, species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional richness of springtails (Subclass Collembola), a major group of fungivores and detritivores, decreased within 4 years of experimental drought across six European shrublands. The loss of phylogenetic and functional richness was higher than expected by the loss of species richness, leading to communities of phylogenetically similar species sharing evolutionary conserved traits. Additionally, despite the great climatic differences among study sites, we found that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional richness of springtail communities alone were able to explain up to 30% of the variation in annual decomposition rates. Altogether, our results suggest that the forecasted reductions in precipitation associated with climate change may erode springtail communities and likely other drought‐sensitive soil invertebrates, thereby retarding litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
Genetic analysis reveals strong phylogeographical divergences within the Scarlet Macaw Ara macao
Authors: Schmidt Kari L. , Aardema Matthew L. , Amato George 
Published: June 2019

Scarlet Macaws Ara macao have the largest geographical distribution of any Neotropical psittacine, occupying a variety of lowland forest habitats from Mexico to Brazil. Two subspecies, Ara macao macao and Ara macao cyanoptera, are currently recognized based on wing chord length and plumage coloration, with formal descriptions suggesting genetic introgression in southern Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica. The present study aimed to investigate the extent of genetic diversification within A. macao by analysing mitochondrial sequence data from contemporary and historical samples. Phylogenetic reconstruction and population aggregation analysis confirmed two distinct phylogeographical groups, with a high degree of intraspecific genetic structure and no evidence of a putative hybrid zone. Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing further confirmed substantial divergence (~ 1.8%) between the cyanoptera and macao lineages. These results demonstrate a separation of A. macao into two distinct evolutionary entities and highlight a non‐uniform distribution of intraspecific diversity, suggesting current conservation designations may warrant re‐evaluation.
Evaluation of an alternative model for the management of clinical risk in an adult acute psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Harrington Allison , Darke Hayley , Ennis Gary , Sundram Suresh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite their widespread use, typical visual observation practices are not evidence‐based and adverse events – such as self‐harm and absconding – still occur even under the most intense forms of observation. This study aimed to (i) develop and implement an engagement‐focused systematized model of clinical risk management in an adult acute psychiatric inpatient unit; and (ii) prospectively evaluate its effect on rates of violence, self‐harm, absconding, sexually inappropriate behaviour, and seclusion. A new model of engagement‐focused clinical risk management was developed using a participatory action research framework and implemented in an adult acute psychiatric inpatient unit. Using a mirror‐image design, rates of violence/aggression, self‐harm, absconding, sexually inappropriate behaviour, and seclusion were compared before and after implementation, and staff satisfaction levels were measured. The clinical engagement‐based model was introduced, and 1087 admissions before implementation (24 months) were compared with 965 admissions post‐implementation (18 months). The new model was associated with significantly reduced rates of absconding (pre: 10.5/1000 occupied bed days, 95% CI [9.0, 12.1] compared with post: 6.5/1000 occupied bed days [5.2, 8.1], P < 0.001) and seclusion (pre: 43.7/1000 occupied bed days, 95% CI [40.6, 46.9] compared with post: 30.9/1000 occupied bed days [27.9, 34.1], P < 0.0001). Rates of aggression, deliberate self‐harm, and sexually inappropriate behaviour were non‐significantly decreased. Findings suggest that this engagement‐focused model of clinical risk management in an adult psychiatric inpatient unit significantly reduced adverse patient events and was preferred by staff over current practice. Other psychiatric inpatient facilities may see a reduction in adverse events following the introduction of this well‐tolerated risk management model.
Punishment for Mob‐based Harms: Expressing and Denouncing Mob Mentality
Authors: Bowden Sean , Sorial Sarah , Bourne Kylie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLarry May's and Kenneth Shockley's discussions of punishment for mob‐based harms fall back on the idea of individual mens rea. They recognise that the mens rea element is complicated by the fact that an individual's intentional actions in the context of mob activity have a collective dimension to them, either because they are ‘group‐based’, or because they are enabled or constrained by the collective's ‘normative authority’. However, their accounts of punishment fail to adequately reflect this complication. We claim that this is because they primarily countenance ‘paradigmatic’ forms of punishment. Part 2 of the article argues that a non‐paradigmatic form of punishment – one that is ‘expressive’ insofar as it publicly communicates a denunciation – can better target the complex relations between the individual and collective dimensions of mob‐based harms. In order to better illuminate the target of such punishment, Part 1 of the article clarifies the relation between individual, shared and collective responsibility for mob‐based harms. Responding to several shortcomings in May's and Shockley's work, we examine the emergence of ‘mob mentality’ and argue that mob beliefs, intentions and norms are dynamically ‘expressed’ (i.e. publicly manifested, communicated and shaped) in and through the situated behaviour of individual mob members.
Long non‐coding RNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by sponging miR‐133a to regulate IGF‐1R expression
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Songyang , Liu Kai , Liu Yahui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (DLEU1) was reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of multiple cancers. However, the exact expression, biological function and underlying mechanism of DLEU1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in HCC tissues and cell lines revealed that DLEU1 expression was up‐regulated, and the increased DLEU1 was closely associated with advanced tumour‐node‐metastasis stage, vascular metastasis and poor overall survival. Function experiments showed that knockdown of DLEU1 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and suppressed epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process via increasing the expression of E‐cadherin and decreasing the expression of N‐cadherin and Vimentin. Luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay demonstrated that DLEU1 could sponge miR‐133a. Moreover, miR‐133a inhibition significantly reversed the suppression effects of DLEU1 knockdown on HCC cells. Besides, we found that silenced DLEU1 significantly decreased insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) expression (a target of miR‐133a) and its downstream signal PI3K/AKT pathway in HCC cells, while miR‐133a inhibitor partially reversed this trend. Furthermore, DLEU1 knockdown impaired tumour growth in vivo by regulating miR‐133a/IGF‐1R axis. Collectively, these findings indicate that DLEU1 promoted HCC progression by sponging miR‐133a to regulate IGF‐1R expression. Deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1/miR‐133a/IGF‐1R axis may be a novel target for treatment of HCC.
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with diabetes among Chinese adults
Authors: Wan Zhengce , Song Lulu , Hu Liu , Hu Mei , Lei Xiaomei , Huang Yuancheng , Lv Yongman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionSeveral epidemiological studies investigated the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on diabetes, but the conclusions remained inconsistent. We aimed to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and diabetes, as well as glycemic metabolism profiles.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study including 58,482 Chinese adults was carried out between January 2016 and December 2017. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by the 13C‐urea breath test. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the association of H. pylori infection with diabetes.ResultsOf the 58,482 participants, 3,449 (5.9%) had diabetes. The H. pylori‐positive participants had a higher rate of diabetes (7.3% vs 5.2%, P < 0.001), and higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (5.36 ± 1.12 mmol/L vs 5.28 ± 0.95 mmol/L, P < 0.001) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (5.63 ± 0.68% vs 5.57 ± 0.60%, P < 0.001) than the H. pylori negative group. Multivariate regression analyses showed that H. pylori infection was positively related to diabetes (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.35). Among the H. pylori‐positive participants, the elevated levels of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c were 0.033 mmol/L (95% confidence interval 0.016–0.049 mmol/L) and 0.024% (95% confidence interval 0.008–0.041%), respectively. Additionally, H. pylori infection was significantly related to diabetes in participants aged ≥44 years, but not in participants aged <44 years.ConclusionsThe present study showed that H. pylori infection is associated with diabetes among Chinese adults. More attention should be paid to adults with H. pylori infection for effective prevention of diabetes.
Longevity of indirect restorations cemented with self‐adhesive resin luting with and without selective enamel etching. A Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Solon‐de‐Mello Monique , da Silva Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly , dos Santos Letieri Aline , Masterson Daniele , Granjeiro José Mauro , Monte Alto Rafael V. , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the influence of the selective etching in the survival rates of indirect restorations cemented with self‐adhesive resin luting.Materials and MethodsThe eligibility criteria were formulated based on PICOS strategy. The search without restrictions was performed in PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS databases and gray literature until May 2018. Cochrane Collaboration's tool was performed for assessing the risk of bias. According to the bias risk analysis, the studies were classified as low risk of bias and high quality of evidence. The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018091202). The meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software (RevMan, Copenhagen, Denmark) and the risk ration and confidence interval was obtained (p < 0.05).ResultsAfter database screening, removal of duplicates and eligibility criteria application, two studies were selected for this systematic review, with 65 participants (34 in one and 31 in the other). The pooled meta‐analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in clinical longevity for selective etching in indirect restorations (P > .05; I2 = 0%) and risk ratio of 0.46 [0.19‐1.09].ConclusionsBased on the findings, the results of this systematic review suggest that the selective enamel etching prior to application of self‐adhesive luting cements systems for indirect restoration do not influence the clinical longevity of indirect restorations.Clinical significance: The knowledge of the clinical steps of adhesive procedures is fundamental to the success of adhesive restorations and their longevity. Self‐adhesive resin cements simplify the luting procedure of indirect restorations. However, adding a step that could significantly improve long‐term survival would be of great value. Thus, the results of this systematic review will provide data so that the decision making regarding materials used for adhesive cementation is conducted based on scientific evidence.
Plasma kallikrein‐kinin system contributes to peripheral inflammation in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Simões Priscila S.R. , Zanelatto Alexia O. , Assis Mirian C. , Varella Pedro Paulo V. , Yacubian Elza Marcia , Carrete Henrique , Centeno Ricardo , Araujo Mariana S. , Cavalheiro Esper A. , Tersariol Ivarne Luis S. , Motta Guacyara , Naffah‐Mazzacoratti Maria da Graça 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic disease, characterized by severe and refractory seizures, triggered in the hippocampus and/or amygdala, disrupting the blood–brain barrier. This disruption can sustain, or aggravate, the epileptic condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activation of the kallikrein‐kinin system in patients with TLE, as it relates to the maintenance of blood–brain barrier. Human hippocampal sclerotic tissues removed after surgery for seizure control, plasma, and serum were used in the following assays: immunostaining for white blood cells in the TLE hippocampus, C‐reactive protein in serum, quantification of plasma kallikrein (PKal) and cathepsin B (CatB) activity in serum and plasma, quantification of C1‐inhibitor, analysis of high‐molecular‐weight kininogen (H‐kininogen) fragments, and activation of plasma prekallikrein for comparison with healthy controls. Infiltration of white blood cells in the sclerotic hippocampus and a significant increase in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the blood of TLE patients were observed. High levels of C‐reactive protein (TLE = 1.4 ± 0.3 µg/mL), PKal (TLE = 5.4 ± 0.4 U/mL), and CatB (TLE = 4.9 ± 0.4 U/mL) were also evident in the serum of TLE patients comparing to controls. A strong linear correlation was observed between active CatB and PKal in the serum of TLE patients (r = 0.88). High levels of cleaved H‐kininogen and free PKal, and low levels of C1‐inhibitor (TLE = 188 ± 12 µg/mL) were observed in the serum of TLE patients. Our data demonstrated that the plasma kallikrein‐kinin system is activated in patients with TLE.Open Science Badges

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