bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute toxicity of intratracheal arsenic trioxide instillation in rat lungs
Authors: Mingxing Su , Haiying Wang , Congsong Sun , Chunyu Yuan , Liu Chao , Wang Qiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the acute toxicity of different concentrations of arsenic trioxide (As2O3; ATO) on rat lungs. In total, 160 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control, low‐, medium‐ and high‐dose groups, which were exposed to 0, 0.16, 1.60 and 16 μg/kg of ATO by intratracheal instillation, respectively. Samples were collected at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure and the dynamic changes indicative of acute lung toxicity were monitored. Compared with the control group, the exposure groups exhibited significant changes such as increased lung water content ratio and protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, pulmonary interstitial thickening, cell membrane edema, increased inflammatory factor concentration, JNK and P38 were significantly activated, and the degree of phosphorylation was increased. Furthermore, all the changes in the exposure groups were exposure concentration‐dependent. ATO respiratory tract exposure can cause restrictive ventilatory disturbance in rats, and the degree of injury is exposure concentration‐dependent.
Germacrone attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via antioxidative and antiapoptotic mechanisms
Authors: Wu Tianhui , Yin Fei , Kong Huimin , Peng Jing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGermacrone (GM) is an anti‐inﬂammatory compound extracted from Rhizoma curcuma. Here, we strived to investigate the neuroprotective effects of GM in rat models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion injury. Rats immediately after cerebral ischemia were intraperitoneally injected with GM at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. After 1 day of reperfusion, the water content in the brain, infarct volume, and neurological deficits were assessed. Hippocampus neurons were histopathologically examined by hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) in brain tissue were detected. Real‐time PCR and Western blotting were utilized to quantify the expression of apoptosis markers, such as caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2. The content of phospho‐Akt (p‐Akt) was also measured using Western blotting. GM treatment markedly decreased the brain water content, infarct volume and the neurological deficits, which was corroborated by attenuated histopathologic change. MDA levels were reduced and activities of GSH, SOD, and GSH‐PX were elevated after GM treatment. Caspase‐3 and Bax were decreased, and Bcl‐2 was increased at both messenger RNA and protein levels by GM treatment. The p‐Akt expression was increased by GM. Our data indicated that the neuroprotective effects of GM may attenuate the injuries from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats through antioxidative and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
The N6‐methyladenosine mRNA methylase METTL14 promotes renal ischemic reperfusion injury via suppressing YAP1
Authors: Xu Yao , Yuan Xiao Dong , Wu Jia Jin , Chen Ruo Yang , Xia Lei , Zhang Ming , Han Cong Hui , Mou Shan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRenal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is closely related to high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis underlying renal IRI is complex and not fully defined. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) was recently found to be an abundant modification in mammalian messenger RNAs. It is implicated in various biological processes, while the role of m6A in IRI is not illustrated. Here we show that the m6A‐methylated RNA level and its methyltransferase METTL14 are elevated in human AKI renal tissues and IRI HK‐2 cells. Moreover, METTL14 knockdown protects the kidney against IRI in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified that YAP1 is a direct target of METTL14 in AKI progression. Inhibition of YAP1‐TEAD signaling by peptide 17 abrogates the protective effect of METTL14 against IRI in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results reveal that the N6‐methyladenosine mRNA methylase METTL14 promotes the renal IRI via suppressing YAP1. The discovery of the METTL14‐YAP1 pathway provides an important new perspective for understanding AKI and is conducive to revealing new therapeutic strategies and targets.
Retracted: Ethanolic extract of leaf of Dillenia pentagyna reduces in‐vitro cell migration and induces intrinsic pathway of apoptosis via downregulation of NF‐κβ in human NSCLC A549 cells
Authors: De Debapriya , Chowdhury Priyanka , Panda Sujogya K. , Ghosh Utpal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the advancement of the pharmaceutical industry, medicinal plants are still a reliable source of traditional medicines to cure a number of diseases. Various parts of Dillenia pentagyna are used in traditional medicine in India for treatment of various disorders including cancers, but detailed mechanisms are still unknown. Dried leaves of D. pentagyna were extracted with ethanol and termed as an ethanolic extract of leaves of D. pentagyna (EELDP). Our aim was to elucidate the role of EELDP in in‐vitro cell migration and apoptosis in highly metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. We measured cell viability and in‐vitro cell migration in three different human cancer cells A549, HeLa and U2OS treated with EELDP (0‐0.6 mg/mL). However, A549 cells showed higher sensitivity to EELDP treatment. Hence we studied several key markers of metastasis and apoptosis pathway in A549 cells treated with EELDP. EELDP treatment significantly reduced in‐vitro cell migration, wound healing, expression and activity of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 via reduction of nuclear factor kappa Beta (NF‐κβ). EELDP also reduced vimentin, N‐cadherin and increased claudin‐1. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was triggered by EELDP via the NF‐κβ pathway through the increase of the Bax to Bcl2 ratio, leading to the fall of mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently induced release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase‐3 followed by nuclear fragmentation in A549 cells. Furthermore, we observed change of a few markers of metastasis and apoptosis in other two cell types HeLa and U2OS treated with EELDP. These data implicate that the effect of EELDP is not cell‐specific. Since only 0.1 mg/mL EELDP significantly reduces in‐vitro cell migration and increases apoptosis, the active compound(s) present in EELDP is very much potent to control highly metastatic cancer.
Global access of rifabutin for the treatment of tuberculosis – why should we prioritize this?
Authors: Rockwood Neesha , Cerrone Maddalena , Barber Melissa , Hill Andrew M , Pozniak Anton L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionRifabutin, a rifamycin of equivalent potency to rifampicin, has several advantages in its pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile, particularly in HIV co‐infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). In this commentary, we evaluate evidence supporting increased global use of rifabutin and highlight key recommendations for action.DiscussionAlthough extrapolation of data from HIV uninfected patients would suggest non‐inferiority, there has been no randomized controlled study comparing rifabutin versus rifampicin in the outcomes of relapse‐free cure, in drug susceptible tuberculosis (TB), in HIV co‐infected patients on currently utilized cART regimens or in paediatric populations. An important advantage of rifabutin is that compared to the dose adjustments required with rifampicin, it can be co‐administered with the integrase strand transfer inhibitors raltegravir or dolutegravir without the need for dose adjustments. This strategy would be easier to implement in a programmatic setting and would save costs. We have assessed cost incentives to utilize rifabutin and have estimated generic costs for a range of rifabutin dosage scenarios. Where facilities are present for drug re‐challenge and monitoring for drug toxicity and cross‐reactivity, rifabutin offers a switch alternative for adverse drug reactions (ADR)s attributed to rifampicin. This would negate the need to prolong treatment in the absence of a rifamycin as part of short‐course multidrug therapy. There is evidence of incomplete cross‐resistance to rifampicin and rifabutin. Rifabutin may be useful in rifampicin‐resistant TB, in an estimated 20% of cases, based on phenotypic or genotypic rifabutin susceptibility testing.ConclusionsRifabutin should be available globally as a first‐line rifamycin in HIV co‐infected individuals and as a switch option in cases of rifampicin associated ADRs. Further studies are needed to ascertain the utility of rifabutin in rifampicin‐resistant rifabutin‐susceptible TB.
Reject rate analysis in digital radiography: an Australian emergency imaging department case study
Authors: Atkinson Samantha , Neep Michael , Starkey Deborah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionReject analysis in digital radiography (DR) helps guide the education and training of staff, influences department workflow, reduces patient dose and improves department efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate rejected radiographs at a major metropolitan emergency imaging department to help form a benchmark of reject rates for DR and to assess what radiographs are being rejected and why.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal study was undertaken as an in‐depth clinical audit. The data were collected using automated reject analysis software from two digital x‐ray systems from June 2015 to April 2017. The overall reject rate, reasons for rejection as well as the reject rates for individual radiographers, examination types and projections were analysed.ResultsA total of 90,298 radiographic images were acquired and included in the analysis. The average reject rate was 9%, and the most frequent reasons for image rejection were positioning error (49%) and anatomy cut‐off (21%). The reject rate varied between radiographers as well as for individual examination types and projections.ConclusionsThe variation in radiographer reject rates and the high reject rate for some projections indicate that reject analysis is still necessary as a quality assurance tool for DR. A feedback system between radiologists and radiographers may reduce the high percentage of positioning errors by standardising the technical factors used to assess image quality. Future reject analysis should be conducted regularly incorporating an exposure indicator analysis as well as retrospective assessment of individual rejected images.
Establishment of BALB/C mouse models of influenza A H1N1 aerosol inhalation
Authors: Hao Xin‐Yan , Li Feng‐Di , Lv Qi , Xu Yan‐Feng , Han Yun‐Lin , Gao Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInfluenza A (H1N1) is a rapidly spreading acute respiratory illness that remains a worldwide burden on public health. To simulate natural infection routes, BALB/C mice were challenged with the H1N1 virus by aerosol and intranasal instillation routes. We compared the weight change and survival of the mice for 14 consecutive days after infection. The infected mice were euthanized at days 3, 5, 7, and 9 to perform necropsies, lung pathological analyses, viral titers measurement, and lung cytokines examination. The aerosol‐treated mice showed clinical symptoms on day 4, obvious lung lesions on day 5, rapid weight loss on day 7, peak virus replication in the lungs on days 7 to 9, and bronchial epithelial hyperplasia on day 9. However, after intranasal instillation, the mice exhibited clinical signs on day 2, rapid weight loss and obvious lung lesions on day 3, and peak virus replication in the lungs on days 3 to 5; no bronchial epithelial hyperplasia was detected. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were detected in the lungs of infected mice by both two routes. Disease and lung lesion progressions were slower in the mice that inhaled H1N1‐containing aerosols than in those treated by intranasal instillation, and lung lesions were homogeneous in the aerosol group and heterogeneous in the intranasal group. In this study, BALB/C mouse models of H1N1 virus aerosol inhalation were successfully established and compared with mouse models of intranasal inoculation, aerosol mouse models had an infection route and lung pathology characteristics that more closely resembled those observed in humans.
Nearly fatal ventricular arrhythmia following pacemaker implantation in a young female with complete heart block
Authors: Ali Hussam , Lupo Pierpaolo , Foresti Sara , De Ambroggi Guido , Mantovani Riccardo , De Lucia Carmine , Passarelli Ilaria , De Ambroggi Luigi , Cappato Riccardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis case concerns a 24‐year‐old female who developed malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia a few weeks after pacemaker implantation for complete heart block. Apparently, right ventricular pacing caused significant repolarization abnormalities in both native and paced rhythms with marked QT prolongation and substantial electrical instability. This case highlights other intriguing phenomena in the puzzle of cardiac repolarization and how pacing therapy may alter this complex process providing arrhythmic substrate in vulnerable subjects. Though such arrhythmic events are clinically rare, vulnerable patients or with suspected myocardial disease that may cause QT prolongation should be carefully followed in the course of pacing therapy.
Climate change projections for olive yields in the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Fraga Helder , Pinto Joaquim G. , Viola Francesco , Santos João A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe olive tree is one of the most important crops in the Mediterranean basin. Given the strong climatic influence on olive trees, it becomes imperative to assess climate change impacts on this crop. Herein, these impacts were innovatively assessed, based on an ensemble of state‐of‐the‐art climate models, future scenarios and dynamic crop models. The recent‐past (1989–2005) and future (2041–2070, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) olive growing season length (GSL), yield, growing season temperature (GST) and precipitation (GSP), potential (ETP) and actual (ETA) evapotranspiration, water demand (WD) and water productivity (WP) were assessed over Southern Europe. Crop models were fed with an ensemble of EURO‐CORDEX regional climate model data, along with soil and terrain data. For the recent‐past, important differences between western and eastern olive growing areas are found. GSL presents a strong latitudinal gradient, with higher/lower values at lower/higher latitudes. Yields are lower in inner south Iberia and higher in Italy and Greece, which is corroborated by historical data. Southern Iberia shows higher GST and lower GSP, which contributes to a higher ETP, lower ETA and, consequently, stronger WD. Regarding WP, the recent‐past values show similar ranges across Europe. Future projections point to a general increase in GSL along with an increase in GST up to 3°C. GSP is projected to decrease in Western Europe, leading to enhanced WD and consequently a yield decrease (down to −45%). Over eastern European, GSP is projected to slightly increase, leading to lower WD and to a small yield increase (up to +15%). WP will remain mostly unchanged. We conclude that climate change may negatively impact the viability of olive orchards in southern Iberia and some parts of Italy. Thus, adequate and timely planning of suitable adaptation measures are needed to ensure the sustainability of the olive sector.
Trypsin Pre‐Treatment Combined With Growth Factor Functionalized Self‐Assembling Peptide Hydrogel Improves Cartilage Repair in Rabbit Model
Authors: Zanotto Gustavo , Liebesny Paul , Barrett Myra , Zlotnick Hannah , Grodzinsky Alan , Frisbie David 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to improve cartilage repair and integration using self‐assembling KLD hydrogel functionalized with platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB and heparin‐binding insulin‐like growth factor‐1 with associated enzymatic trypsin pre‐treatment of the native cartilage. Bilateral osteochondral defects were created at the central portion of the femoral trochlear groove of 48 skeletally mature, white New Zealand rabbits. One limb received a randomly assigned treatment and the contralateral limb served as the control. Treated defects were exposed to trypsin for 2 min and filled with self‐assembling KLD hydrogel only, or associated to growth factors. All control limbs received KLD hydrogel alone or received only trypsin but not hydrogel. Ninety days post‐defect creation, the rabbits were euthanized and magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, macroscopic evaluation, histology, and immunohistochemistry of the joint and repaired tissue were performed. Mixed model analyses of variance were utilized to assess the outcome parameters and individual comparisons were performed using Least Square Means procedure and differences with p‐value < 0.05 were considered significant. Trypsin enzymatic pre‐treatment improved cellular morphology, cluster formation and subchondral bone reconstitution. Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB improved subchondral bone healing and basal integration. Heparin‐binding insulin‐like growth factor‐1 associated with platelet‐derived growth factor improved tissue and cell morphology. The authors conclude that self‐assembling KLD hydrogel functionalized with platelet‐derived growth factor and heparin‐binding insulin‐like growth factor‐1 with associated enzymatic pre‐treatment of the native cartilage with trypsin resulted in an improvement on the cartilage repair process. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2307–2315, 2019
Effect of impaction energy on dynamic bone strains, fixation strength, and seating of cementless acetabular cups
Authors: Doyle Ruben , van Arkel Richard J. , Jeffers Jonathan R. T. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSeating a cementless acetabular cup via impaction is a balancing act; good cup fixation must be obtained to ensure adequate bone in‐growth and cup apposition, while acetabular fracture must be avoided. Good impaction technique is essential to the success of hip arthroplasty. Yet little guidance exists in the literature to inform surgeons on “how hard” to hit. A drop rig and synthetic bone model were used to vary the energy of impaction strikes in low and high‐density synthetic bone, while key parameters such as dynamic strain (quantifying fracture risk), implant fixation, and polar gap were measured. For high energy impaction (15 J) in low‐density synthetic bone, a peak tensile strain was observed during impaction that was up to 3.4× as large as post‐strike strain, indicating a high fracture risk. Diminishing returns were observed for pushout fixation with increasing energy. Eighty‐five percent of the pushout fixation achieved using a 15 J impaction strike was attained by using a 7.5 J strike energy. Similarly, polar gap was only minimally reduced at high impaction energies. Therefore it is suggested that higher energy strikes increase fracture risk, but do not offer large improvements to fixation or implant‐bone apposition. It may difficult be for surgeons to accurately deliver specific impaction energies, suggesting there is scope for operative tools to manage implant seating. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2367–2375, 2019
Comparison of yeast species in the subgingival oral biofilm of individuals with type 2 diabetes and peri‐implantitis and individuals with peri‐implantitis without diabetes
Authors: Alsahhaf Abdulaziz , Al‐Aali Khulud Abdulrahman , Alshagroud Rana Saud , Alshiddi Ibraheem F. , Alrahlah Ali , Abduljabbar Tariq , Javed Fawad , Vohra Fahim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are no studies that have investigated the presence of yeasts in the subgingival oral biofilm (OB) of type‐2 diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with peri‐implantitis. The aim was to assess the presence of yeasts in the subgingival OB of patients with type 2 diabetes and peri‐implantitis and patients with peri‐implantitis without diabetes.MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes with peri‐implantitis (group A), non‐diabetic individuals with peri‐implantitis and without diabetes (group B), and individuals with and without peri‐implantitis (group C) were included. Lifestyle‐related and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire and hemoglobin A1c levels were measured. Peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were evaluated and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured. Subgingival OB samples were collected and oral yeasts species were identified using ChromAgar medium. Level of significance was set at P <0.05.ResultsThe mean age of individuals in groups A (n = 43), B (n = 41), and C (n = 42) were 55.6 ± 6.4, 54.6 ± 4.5, and 57.1 ± 3.3 years, respectively. The mean HbA1c levels were higher in group A (P <0.01) than groups B and C. Peri‐implant PI (P <0.01), BOP (P <0.01), PD (P <0.01), and CBL (P <0.01) were significantly higher in group A compared with patients in groups B and C. Peri‐implant PI (P <0.05), BOP (P <0.05), PD (P <0.05), and CBL (P <0.05) were significantly higher among patients in group B compared with group C. Subgingival yeasts were more often isolated from the OB of patients in groups A (74.4%) and B (46.3%) than group C (7.1%). The most common yeast species identified in all groups was Candida albicans. The CFU/mL for subgingival yeasts were higher in group A than groups B (P <0.01) and C (P <0.01). The CFU/mL for subgingival yeasts were higher in group B than group C (P <0.01).ConclusionCandida species (predominantly C. albicans) were more often present in the subgingival OB of patients with and without type 2 diabetes with peri‐implantitis than systemically healthy individuals without peri‐implant diseases.
The San Gregorio Magno lacustrine basin (Campania, southern Italy): improved characterization of the tephrostratigraphic markers based on trace elements and isotopic data
Authors: Petrosino P. , Arienzo I. , Mazzeo F. C. , Natale J. , Petrelli M. , Milia A. , Perugini D. , D′Antonio M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCentral–southern Italy is one of the most suitable areas in the world for tephrostratigraphic studies, owing to the numerous volcanic sources with explosive activity during the Pleistocene. This work presents a systematic investigation of the chemical (trace elements) and isotopic (Sr and Nd) compositions of the main tephra markers within lacustrine sediments of the San Gregorio Magno Basin (Campania, southern Italy). This study: (i) provides full geochemical (trace elements and isotopes) characterization of eight significant Upper Pleistocene marker layers (X‐6, X‐5, C‐22, MEGT/Y‐7, CI/Y‐5, C‐10, Y‐3, NYT/C2) widely dispersed over the Mediterranean area; (ii) proposes a new tephra marker for Marine Isotope Stage 7, dated to 240 ka; and (iii) refines the correlations of tephra levels belonging to the investigated sequence. This study highlights that in most cases the Nd isotope composition of the glass and Sr isotope composition of the coexisting minerals are more reliable than 87Sr/86Sr of the glass, and hence is more helpful as a further tool for tephrostratigraphic correlations, as recently proposed in the literature. Moreover, this study is a first step towards the construction of a complete geochemical database for future tephra investigations in the Mediterranean area. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.