bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium/Phosphate Solubility Curves for Premasol and Trophamine Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Formulations
Authors: Owen Heather J. , Gonyon Thomas M. , Green John-Bruce D. , Patel Dipa H. , Eilert Jan Y. , Gripman Laura L. , Wyrwa Steve T. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES Calcium and phosphate incompatibility in parenteral nutrition formulations remains a critical concern for patient safety. This study examined calcium phosphate solubility for 2-in-1 admixtures prepared using 2 commercially available pediatric amino acid solutions (Premasol, Baxter Healthcare Corp; or Trophamine, B. Braun Medical Inc), applying identical test methods, storage conditions, and acceptance criteria.
METHODS Parenteral 2-in-1 admixtures included amino acid; dextrose; static concentrations of sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and varying concentrations of calcium (0–60 mEq/L), phosphate (15–50 mmol/L), and cysteine. Three replicate samples were stored for 48 hours at 40°C ± 2°C and then visually inspected for particulate matter, evaluated for subvisible particulate matter, when particulate matter was noted, microscopic examination was performed to confirm the presence of calcium phosphate crystals. Pass criteria were: all replicates free of visible particulate matter related to calcium phosphate crystals and particle counts below US Pharmacopeia &lt;788&gt; limits.
RESULTS Premasol and Trophamine generated identical calcium phosphate curves for 2% amino acid formulations containing 20% dextrose with/without cysteine, and similar curves for the 1% or 3% amino acid formulations containing 10% or 20% dextrose with/without cysteine. Calcium phosphate particles were identified in failed samples by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Calcium phosphate solubility was higher in formulations containing cysteine 40 mg/g amino acid vs. cysteine 20 mg/g amino acid and in cysteine 20 mg/g amino acid vs. no cysteine.
CONCLUSIONS Admixtures made with 1%, 2%, or 3% Premasol or Trophamine have essentially equivalent calcium phosphate solubility curves when tested with identical methods, storage conditions, and acceptance criteria.
Sterility and Stability Testing of Preservative-free Albuterol
Authors: Gulley Savannah L. , Baltzley Sarah M. , Junkins Alan D. , Murray Tristan D. , Simms Stephanie F. , Sullivan Janice E. , Al-Ghananeem Abeer M. , O'Hagan Adrian R. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND Continuous albuterol administration (CAA) is commonly used in hospitalized patients for treatment of asthma exacerbations. Due to higher dose requirements, CAA requires large volumes of albuterol obtained from multidose vials containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC). BAC is a common pharmaceutical preservative and potent bronchoconstrictor, which may antagonize the bronchodilation effects of albuterol. Some institutions are using preservative-free (PF) albuterol for their CAA. However, no published data currently exist to support the extended sterility or stability of this formulation.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sterility and stability of PF-albuterol.
METHODS Sterility testing was conducted for PF- and BAC-albuterol when stored at room temperature. Samples were incubated for 10 days in aerobic and anaerobic blood culture media to assess for bacterial growth. Stability of both albuterol formulations at high (0.67 mg/mL) and low (0.17 mg/mL) concentrations was determined at room temperature and under refrigeration. High performance liquid chromatography was used to evaluate samples up to 168 hours after preparation.
RESULTS No bacterial growth was witnessed from either albuterol formulation at day 10 of observation. Both high and low concentrations of PF-albuterol and BAC-albuterol were stable at room temperature for up to 168 hours. There were no differences in stability between storage conditions for any formulation.
CONCLUSIONS Under the current study conditions, there was no difference in sterility or stability for PF-albuterol when compared with BAC-albuterol. Thus, based on the findings of this study, PF-albuterol is sterile and stable up to 168 hours when stored at room temperature or under refrigerated conditions. The findings of this study do not confirm the therapeutic efficacy of PF-albuterol compared with BAC-albuterol for the treatment of asthma exacerbations. Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of PF-albuterol verses BAC-albuterol when used for CAA.
Caractériser le méta-travail des nomades numériques : un préalable à l’identification des compétences requises
Authors: Bonneau Claudine , Enel Lucie 
Published: March 2019

Le travail mobile ne peut pas être simplement exécuté « n’importe où, n’importe quand », puisqu’il implique aussi du méta-travail afin de mobiliser les ressources nécessaires à son accomplissement, et de faire face aux contraintes liées à l’environnement et aux contextes temporel et social dans lesquels il s’insère. Bien que la littérature antérieure issue des champs de la sociologie du travail, de la communication et du travail coopératif assisté par ordinateur ait déjà documenté certaines formes de méta-travail, telles que le travail d’articulation, aucun écrit ne s’est penché sur les particularités associées au nomadisme numérique, qui est une forme extrême de travail mobile permettant aux professionnels d’allier leur intérêt pour le voyage à la possibilité de travailler à distance. Dans cet article, nous présentons cinq formes de méta-travail que nous avons catégorisées en fonction de trois finalités, soit : 1) rendre le site et le mode de travail nomade effectif ; 2) assurer la coordination avec les autres et la continuité du travail à travers différents lieux, moments et projets ; et 3) fonctionner en terre étrangère et voyager. Pour chaque forme de méta-travail, nous détaillons les activités individuelles et interactionnelles impliquées. Bien que le méta-travail ne soit pas exclusif à ce type de travailleurs, il revêt un caractère « cumulatif » pour les nomades numériques, ce qui en accroît l’intensité, et soulève des questions relatives à l’invisibilité et à la responsabilité des activités qui y sont associées.
Utilisation du numérique par les enseignants à l’université : description et analyse des facteurs explicatifs
Authors: Duguet Amélie , Morlaix Sophie , Pérez William 
Published: March 2019

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à la nature des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) mobilisées par les enseignants universitaires pour enseigner et aux facteurs explicatifs de cette utilisation. Nous procédons d’abord à un éclairage théorique notamment concernant les concepts de « TIC » et d’« utilisation ». Puis, à l’appui des données recueillies en mai 2016 auprès de 248 enseignants d’une université française, nous montrons que les TIC mobilisées par les enseignants à l’intérieur, mais aussi en dehors des heures de cours, sont plutôt d’ordre générique en opposition aux technologies plus sophistiquées. Les enseignants utilisent par ailleurs davantage les TIC en travaux dirigés et en travaux pratiques qu’en cours magistral. Nous analysons ensuite les facteurs, liés aux caractéristiques de l’enseignant ainsi qu’au contexte d’enseignement, tenant un rôle explicatif dans l’utilisation des TIC par les enseignants. Il en ressort que le sentiment de compétence en TIC de l’enseignant et les méthodes pédagogiques mobilisées en cours constituent des variables prégnantes dans l’explication de cette utilisation des TIC. Nous discutons ces résultats au regard de la littérature scientifique existant sur le sujet et proposons plusieurs perspectives de recherche.
Knowledge, Attitude and Utilization of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis among Health Care Workers at HIV Treatment Centers in Port-Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Onuoha Henry Chika , Omosivie Maduka 
Published: March 2019

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the world's top causes of death. New HIV infections emerge every day, leading HIV patients to seek care at health facilities and prompting health care professionals to undertake risky invasive procedures. And notwithstanding the mediation of science, this poses a risk of occupational exposure among health care workers (HCWs), hence the need for the effective use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and utilization of PEP among health care workers at HIV treatment centers in Port-Harcourt metropolis.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized a pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 204 HCWs chosen by multi-stage sampling method. Data were analyzed and presented using descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: The study revealed that 39.7% of the respondents had good knowledge of HIV PEP and 96.5% had good attitude towards HIV PEP. Additionally, 22.1% had previously encountered possible occupational exposure to HIV, and only 45.5% of them took PEP. This translates to an overall PEP use of 10.1%. Significant associations were observed between knowledge and attitude towards PEP (p=<0.001), source of information and knowledge (p=<0.001), and source of information and attitude (p=0.02). The study also showed that sex, marital status and designation was associated with utilization of PEP (p=0.01; p=0.04; p=0.02).
Conclusion: The study revealed low utilization of PEP despite the level of good and fair knowledge and a generally positive attitude towards PEP. There exists a gap between knowledge and utilization of PEP, hence the need for periodical retraining of HCWs. This should be supplemented by ensuring the consistent availability and accessibility of PEP at treatment centers.
Anti-hyperglycaemic and Mode of Action of Thaumatococcus danielli (BENN.) BENTH Ethanol Leave Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ajayi Folorunsho A. , Olorunnisola Olubukola. S. , Adetutu Adewale. , Olorunfemi Folashade G. , Owoade Abiodun O. , Adegbola Peter , Afolabi Olusegun K. 
Published: March 2019

Thaumatococcus danielli (Benn.) Benth, a member of the Maranthaceae family has continued to be of immense benefit to the people in the tropics especially in Nigeria. The leaf is widely used among the “Yoruba’s” as a wrapping leaf and for the management of diabetes mellitus.
Aim: This study, evaluated the anti-diabetic and possible mode of action(s) of ethanol leaves extract of Thaumatococcus danielli using in vivo and in vitro approach.
Methods: Diabetes was induced in Albino rats by administration of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg/b.wt, i.p). The ethanol leave extract of Thaumatococcus danielli (at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight was administered at single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 days. The possible mode of action of extract was assessed through in vitro inhibitory effect on alpha amylase, non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin and glucose uptake in yeast cell.
Results: The results showed that the plant extracts demonstrated dose and time dependent reduction in blood glucose. The extract at 250 mg/kg /b.wt and 500 mg/kg/b.wt caused a significant percentage reduction (35.00%/42.04% and 42.16%/60.43%) in blood glucose when compared with the group treated with (25 mg/kg/b.wt) of the standard drug (30.51/40.88%) and the diabetic control (10.46%/-13.67%) on day 7 and day 14 respectively. Although, the extract demonstrated significant (p<0.05) dose dependent inhibitory effect on alpha amylase with an IC50 of 837.97 µg/ml, its activity was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the standard Acarbose. Conversely, the extract showed stronger inhibition of non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin (87.51%) and enhance glucose uptake in yeast cells by 85.56% when compared with the standard drug Trolax and Metronidazole respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth) leaves contain anti-hyperglycaemic agent (s) and its possible mode of action is by promoting glucose uptake, inhibition of non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin and alpha amylase activity.
Aspergillus niger as the Source of Ochratoxin A of Contaminated Pyrus communis in Taif Market
Authors: Shebany Yassmin M. , Gherbawy Youssuf A. , Al-Garni Shoroug N. 
Published: March 2019

Fruits are one of the most important agricultural products that supply the body with vitamins and essential minerals elements, but it is contaminated by fungi during the period of growth, harvesting and storage. A. niger is one of the species that grows on the fruit during the period of storage, and secretes mycotoxins especially ochratoxin A. This study was conducted with the purpose of isolating and identifying different strains of A. niger from 20 samples of pear collected from Taif markets and to determine the ability of these strains to produce OTA. It was observed that showed that out of 20 pear samples collected, 19 samples were detected to be contaminated with different strains of A. niger and the strains were able to produce OTA. From 27 isolates of A. niger which was used to test the ability of production OTA, 10 strains only produced OTA. The range of OTA in all strains were 0.18 to 9.5 ppb. Representative 27 strains of ochratoxigenic and non ochratoxigenic black Aspergilli isolated were subjected for detection of ochratoxin biosynthesis genes, by using two sets of primer for two genes involved in ochratoxin biosynthetic pathway. Bands of the fragments of PKS15C-MeT and PKS15KS genes visualized at 998 and 776 bp, respectively. Whereas, the presence of four tested genes is not sufficient marker for differentatin between aflatoxigenic and non aflatoxigenic isolates.
Seaweed Extract Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) on the Growth of Watermelon Plants
Authors: Júnior Antônio Francisco de Mendonça , Rodrigues Ana Paula Medeiros dos Santos , Júnior Rui Sales , Negreiros Andréia Mitsa Paiva , Bettini Marcos Oliveira , Freitas Cláudia Dayane Melo , França Kevison Rômulo da Silva , Gomes Thomaz Rauan Rodrigues 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The objective of the research was to evaluate the influence of the seaweed extract applications, Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) to the productive development and quality of watermelon plants.
Study Design: Two experiments were carried out. For experiments I and II, the completely randomized design was applyed in factorial schemes 2x6 and 2x4, respectively, with five replications each.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were carried out at the Department of Plant Sciences (DPS) of the Rural Federal University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Campus Mossoró – RN, from January to May 2014.
Methodology: Experiment I consisted on seed treatments [soaking in potable water and Acadian®] and application of six doses (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mL L-1); experiment II, a combination of two seed treatments [soaking in potable water and Acadian®] and four periods (0, 7, 10 and 14 days) under the dose of 3.0 mL L-1.
Results: The interaction between seed treatment and application of different doses, presented highest values observed for the variables, plant height, fresh shoot weight and fresh root weight were for A. nodosum (L.). More effects for seed treatment when there is no application of Acadian® is observed. It can be inferred that there is interaction among the factors, since the different parts of the plant respond in different ways to the treatment of seeds and the different periods of application. Also highlighted, when submitted to applications with Acadian®, watermelon plants had a similar effect, with closer values, excluding only the applications spaced in 7 days, which showed more interaction factors.
Conclusion: Seed treatment with Acadian® and the doses of 3.0 and 4 mL L-1 were more efficient in the watermelon seedlings production. Applications in intervals of 7, 10 and 14 days were most promising, regardless the seed treatment.
Investigating Health Communication Interventions on Three Major Illnesses in Nigeria
Authors: Okpoko Chinwe Catherine , Aniwada Elias Chikee 
Published: March 2019

Background: Communication methods are used to create and increase public awareness of a disease; its causes and treatment; change a person’s or group’s attitudes about a disease; advocate for policy changes in favor of prevention and control, and create social norms that favor healthful living.
Objectives: This study sought to examine the health communication interventions so far used on HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB in Nigeria, find out what has been achieved in the process and suggest how the status quocan be improved.
Methods: A total of 390 respondents comprising healthcare providers, patients and the general public in the selected states; Enugu (Southeast), Kaduna (Northwest) and Oyo (Southwest) states in Nigeria were sampled using questionnaire. It was a Cross-sectional study.
Results: Health communication interventions on HIV/AIDS are majorly received through radio (34.7%), friends (30.1%) and television (18.85%). For malaria, television and radio predominate (31.9%) and (26.7%) respectively, then newspaper (13.1%). However, TB was chiefly through health facilities (30.1%) then television (20.1%) and newspaper, (12.9%). Major types of intervention messages on the illnesses include HIV/AIDS Preventive (76.6%), Malaria Drug use (37.3%) and Tuberculosis control (38.8%). Lack of knowledge of available media was the major factor identified as hindering communication interventions for the 3 diseases. (HIV/AIDS 29.8%, Malaria 32.6% and TB 35.7%).
Conclusion: There is a need for attitudinal change by all to ensure that the level of awareness is matched with action and subsequently influence the adoption of intervention measures to improve management of these diseases.
Credit Risk Management and Its Influence on the Financial Performance of Banks: A Study of Selected Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Oloruntoba Oyedele , Zaid Adeyemi, Adewumi , Oluwafolakemi Fasesin, Oladipo 
Published: March 2019

This study examines the influence of credit risk management on the performance of Nigerian banks with particular reference to selected banks. Purposive sampling technique was used to select five Nigerian banks. Secondary data was used for this study. It was adopted from the audited financial statements of the listed banks in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), for the period of the year 2006 – 2017. This study also made use of Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Book 2017 for the Nigerian banks and CBN bulletin 2017. The method of analysis used descriptive statistics and Linear Regressions. Result reveals that NLPR (β = 0.809), CARR (β = 11.246) and LTDR (β = 6.300) have significant influence on financial performance measured by ROA. Furthermore, the result also shows that CARR (β = 17.982) and LTDR (β = 3.227) have a significant influence on financial performance measured by ROE but NLPR (β = - 1.57) has a negative influence on ROE. The study concludes that credit risk management apparatus employed by the selected banks for the periods of study have a significant influence on their financial performance.
The study, therefore, recommends that regulatory authorises should implement a new code of corporate governance that bank directors with non-performing loans (NPLs) are to either quit or be sacked and also banks' boards to remove any director with insider non-performing loans.
Integration of Rural and Urban Society in China and Implications for Urbanization, Infrastructure, Land and Labor in the New Era
Authors: Feng Haiying , Squires Victor R. 
Published: March 2019

In many parts of China, rapid economic growth, socio-economic inequality, and environmental degradation (air, water, soil) are undermining social stability and sustainable urbanization. Rural-urban migration is the main factor contributing to urban population growth. Economic opportunity in urban areas is the main ‘pull factor’ but government policies provide a ‘push factor’. A model of the relationship over time of the rural sector and the urban sectors, mainly relating to the focus on manufacturing and the services sector, is discussed. Each sector provides a market for the other. We use three cameos of different types of urban-rural development taking examples from a Prefecture-level city of about 500,000 population located in Guangxi Autonomous Region in south east China. We analyze the infrastructure plan and land use planning in respect to the impact on labor, investment and urban growth.
Awareness Level of Workers to Labour Laws in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakshe Wasantha 
Published: March 2019

This study focuses on assessing the apparel sector employees’ level of awareness on labour laws who are working in the Free Trade Zones in Sri Lanka. The research was based on seven Labour Acts in Sri Lanka; Employees Provident Fund Act No.15 of 1958, Employees Trust Fund Act No.46 of 1980, Payment of Gratuity Act No. 12 of 1983, Industrial Dispute Act No.27 of 1966, Maternity Benefits Ordinance No.32 of 1939, Factories Ordinance No.45 of 1942, and Wages Board Ordinance No.27 of 1941. Data collection done through a worker questionnaire and out of 200 sample 158 were respondent. The garment factories were selected by the convenient sampling method and respondents were selected through simple random sampling method. Data analysis done through descriptive statistics and one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results show that gender and level of experience has not make a significance different among particular group of employees. However, education and age has a significant impact on the awareness of employees on labour laws. Moreover, the Factories Ordinance showed the rate of the most wakefulness while the Maternity Benefits Ordinance showed the least awareness.
Implementation of a QTc-interval monitoring protocol by pharmacists to decrease cardiac risk in at-risk patients in an acute care inpatient psychiatric facility
Authors: Daniel Nicole M. , Walsh Kim , Leach Henry , Stummer Lauren 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Many medications commonly prescribed in psychiatric hospitals can cause QTc-interval prolongation, increasing a patient's risk for torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death. There is little guidance in the literature to determine when an electrocardiogram (ECG) and QTc-interval monitoring should be performed. The primary end point was improvement of the appropriateness of ECGs and QTc-interval monitoring of at-risk psychiatric inpatients at Barnabas Health Behavioral Health Center (BHBH) and Monmouth Medical Center (MMC) following implementation of a standardized monitoring protocol. The secondary end point was the number of pharmacist-specific interventions at site BHBH only.

Methods
Patients who met the inclusion criteria were assessed using a standardized QTc-prolongation assessment algorithm for ECG appropriateness. A retrospective analysis of a control group (no protocol) from January 1, 2016, to July 17, 2017, was compared with a prospective analysis of the intervention group (with protocol) from December 11, 2017, to March 11, 2018.

Results
At BHBH, appropriate ECG utilization increased 25.5% after implementation of a standardized protocol (P = .0172) and appropriate omission of ECG utilization improved by 26% (P &lt; .00001). At MMC, appropriate ECGs decreased by 5%, and appropriate ECG omissions increased by 28%, neither of which were statistically significant (P = 1.0 and P = .3142, respectively). There was an increase in overall pharmacist monitoring.

Discussion
The study demonstrated that pharmacist involvement in ECG and QTc-interval monitoring utilizing a uniform protocol may improve the appropriateness of ECG and QTc-interval monitoring in patients in an acute care inpatient psychiatric hospital.