bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Shades of Gray: A Priming Experimental Study on How Institutional Logics Influence Organizational Actor Judgment
Authors: Ngoye Benard , Sierra Vicenta , Ysa Tamyko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article examines whether and how judgments made by individual organizational actors may be influenced by institutional logics—the historical patterns of cultural symbols and material practices, including assumptions, values, and beliefs, by which individuals and organizations provide meaning to their daily activity, organize time and space, and reproduce their lives and experiences. Using an experimental design, the authors prime three institutional logics in three independent groups of managers (n = 98) and assess the influence of the primes on individual‐level judgment preferences. The results show that such priming affects participants' judgments in an ambiguous judgmental task, with each prime influencing judgment in a discernibly unique pattern. Consequently, a more nuanced account of larger patterns of behavior can be constructed. The findings highlight the potential of text as priming stimuli within institutionally complex work settings such as those in the public sector, an important yet underexamined issue.
Antimicrobial peptides from fish: beyond the fight against pathogens
Authors: Valero Yulema , Saraiva‐Fraga Miguel , Costas Benjamín , Guardiola Francisco A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFish antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides whose actions have great implications in the innate immune response of teleost fish, being considered critical as the first line of defence against a wide spectrum of pathogens. Antibiotics have been widely used in aquaculture, resulting in bacterial resistance. The potential of AMPs as alternative to antibiotics makes them a very interesting tool as they represent lower‐risk peptides to develop resistances, or even in the fight against other pathogens such as viruses. Beyond their antimicrobial function, fish AMPs possess several relevant but little‐known characteristics and capabilities such as host‐defence peptides, antioxidants, active compounds of immunogenic drugs and as adjuvants. Moreover, their antitumour properties make them potential drugs to be used in oncological treatments in human subjects. Novel methodologies as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated proteins system (CRISPR‐Cas), or even their use as nutraceutics, seem to be promising instruments to enlarge the functions of fish AMPs. This review discusses these new methodologies, as well as the latest research on fish AMP functions, newly discovered properties of AMPs and their future applications in both the aquaculture industry and human health care.
Relationship between motile sperm subpopulations identified in frozen‐thawed dog semen samples and their ability to bind to the zona pellucida of canine oocytes
Authors: Peña Ana I. , Adán Sheila , Quintela Luis A. , Becerra Juan J. , Herradón Pedro G. 
Published: November 2018

ContentsStudies performed on ejaculates from several species have identified discrete subpopulations of motile sperm. In dogs, motile sperm subpopulations have also been described in fresh and frozen‐thawed semen. The subpopulation of the most rapid and progressively motile sperm has been suggested to be the most likely source of fertilizing spermatozoa. However, the significance of subpopulation differences among dogs and ejaculates relative to fertility is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the relative proportion of motile sperm subpopulations in frozen‐thawed dog semen samples and their ability to bind to the zona pellucida of canine oocytes. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the subpopulation of the most rapid and progressively motile sperm was significantly and positively correlated with zona pellucida‐binding assays (ZBA) outcomes: each 10% increase in this subpopulation was associated with an increase of 1.5 sperm bound per oocyte. Subpopulations of hyperactivated‐like or locally motile sperm were negatively correlated with the ZBA results. It was concluded that subpopulation differences among frozen‐thawed dog semen samples determined differences in the number of sperm bound to the ZP of canine oocytes.
Canine ovulation timing: A survey on methodology and an assessment on reliability of vaginal cytology
Authors: Arlt Sebastian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOvulation timing in bitches is a routine procedure in small animal practice around the world. It is most frequently used for supporting breeding management, high‐risk pregnancy monitoring and determination of the time of parturition. To learn more about how and for what reasons veterinarians interested in small animal reproduction perform canine ovulation timing, an online survey was conducted in 2017. The link to the survey was distributed via the mailing list cafereprod-l@list.cornell.edu and the website, the Twitter account and the Facebook page of EVSSAR. All respondents recommended using quantitative progesterone measurement for ovulation timing alone or in combination with other diagnostic tests. Vaginal cytology was also a commonly used technique. The 63 respondents followed different protocols for sampling and staining vaginal epithelial cells. Interestingly, 50 respondents used vaginal cytology routinely, but only two consider it as a very reliable and another nine as a somewhat reliable test if used alone. In a second project, delegates attending the EVSSAR congress held in Vienna, Austria, in June 2017 had the opportunity to examine seven stained vaginal smear slides under optical microscopy in a blinded approach. The results showed a marked heterogeneity in the identification of vaginal cells and assessment of the time in relation to ovulation. This heterogeneity supports the opinion of survey participants that vaginal cytology alone is not a valid tool for determining the day of ovulation. Results of both projects suggest that there is no standard procedure for the examination of vaginal smears in dogs. It is not recommended to determine the optimal time for mating based on the examination of a single vaginal smear only. According to some comments of survey participants, it is more useful to assess vaginal samples repeatedly and to use the findings to determine when to start progesterone measurement.
Direct acting anti‐viral medications for hepatitis C: Clinical trials in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bruchfeld Annette , Lindahl Karin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHepatitis C is a global health concern, with important implications in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to its increased prevalence in this population. Patients with advanced CKD have until recently been excluded from the pivotal direct acting anti‐viral (DAA) trials, which have demonstrated high virological cure numbers. Sofosbuvir‐free DAAs dasabuvir, ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir with or without ribavirin, and elbasvir/grazoprevir are well‐tolerated in patients with genotype 1 and 4 CHC with CKD 4 or 5 (including HD), with virologic cure rates of above 90%, in both single‐arm and placebo‐controlled studies. More recently a pangenotypic approach using glecaprevir and pibrentasvir has also been shown to be highly effective in CKD 4‐5. With increasingly successful treatment options with minimal side‐effects most hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients with CKD and ESRD can be cured. Outstanding issues to be considered is how to raise the awareness of the availability of safe DAAs and excellent outcomes in CKD, and moreover to define optimal timing of treatment and address the question of HCV eradication in all stages of CKD including the dialysis population.
ESRD patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C: Outcomes and management challenges
Authors: Sawinski Deirdre 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHIV infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Due to shared modes of acquisition, many HIV+ patients are coinfected with Hepatitis C. HIV/HCV coinfected patients have an increased burden of chronic kidney disease and are more likely to progress to end‐stage renal disease. Dialysis survival is diminished in the coinfected population, even in the contemporary era. Kidney transplantation offers a survival benefit over remaining on dialysis; however, posttransplant outcomes are inferior compared to patients with HIV infection alone. Direct acting antiviral agents may offer an opportunity to improve patient survival, but there are significant drug‐drug interactions involving the direct acting antiviral agents, antiretroviral therapy, and immunosuppression that the clinician should be aware of.
Psychological Inflexibility Predicts Suicidality Over Time in College Students
Authors: Krafft Jennifer , Hicks E. Tish , Mack Sallie A. , Levin Michael E. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveIt is essential to identify modifiable risk factors that can be targeted to reduce suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior in college students. Psychological inflexibility, a pattern of responding to internal experiences in a literal and rigid way, and attempting to control those experiences even when it interferes with valued living, could theoretically lead to SI or increase its intensity.MethodPsychological inflexibility and its component processes were tested as a predictor of SI in a longitudinal survey of college students (n = 603, age M = 20.62, 68.9% female, and 94.0% White) in a series of cross‐sectional and longitudinal hierarchical regression models, controlling for relevant predictors such as distress and baseline SI. Interactions were also tested between psychological inflexibility and distress, cognitive defusion, values obstruction, and values progress in predicting SI.ResultsPsychological inflexibility predicted SI cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, controlling for distress and baseline SI. Psychological inflexibility interacted with distress, cognitive fusion, and values progress such that distress, cognitive fusion, and values progress had the strongest association with suicidal ideation among those who were high in psychological inflexibility.ConclusionsPsychological inflexibility may be a useful mechanism to target for suicide prevention in college students.
The impact of high‐intensity interval training on the cTnT response to acute exercise in sedentary obese young women
Authors: Nie Jinlei , Zhang Haifeng , He Yuxiu , Cao Wenling , Liu Yang , Kong Zhaowei , George Keith 
Published: November 2018

AimsThis study characterized (a) the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) response to three forms of acute high‐intensity interval exercise (HIE), and (b) the impact of 12 weeks of HIE training on the cTnT response to acute exercise in sedentary obese young women.MethodsThirty‐six sedentary women were randomized to traditional HIE training (repeated 4‐minute cycling at 90% O2max interspersed with 3‐minute rest, 200 kJ/session), work‐equivalent sprint interval exercise (SIE) training (repeated 1‐minute cycling at 120% O2max interspersed with 1.5‐minute rest) or repeated‐sprint exercise (RSE) training (40 × 6‐second all‐out sprints interspersed with 9‐second rest) group. cTnT was assessed using a high‐sensitivity assay before and immediately, 3 and 4 hours after the 1st (PRE), 6th (EARLY), 20th (MID), and 44th (END) training session, respectively.ResultscTnT was elevated (P < 0.05) after all forms of acute interval exercise at the PRE and EARLY assessment with cTnT response higher (P < 0.05) after HIE (307%) and SIE (318%) than RSE (142%) at the PRE assessment. All forms of acute interval exercise at MID and END had no effect on the cohort cTnT concentration post‐exercise (all P > 0.05).ConclusionFor sedentary obese young women, both HIE and SIE, matched for total work, induced a similar elevation in cTnT after acute exercise with a smaller rise observed after RSE. By the 44th training session, almost no post‐exercise cTnT elevation was observed in all three groups. Such information is relevant for clinicians as it could improve medical decisionmaking.
Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)
Authors: Machado Renato J. P. , Gillung Jessica P. , Winterton Shaun L. , Garzón‐Orduña Ivonne J. , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Oswald John D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe first phylogenomic analysis of the antlions is presented, based on 325 genes captured using anchored hybrid enrichment. A concatenated matrix including 207 species of Myrmeleontoidea (170 Myrmeleontidae) was analysed under maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Both Myrmeleontidae (antlions) and Ascalaphidae (owlflies) were recovered as paraphyletic with respect to each other. The majority of the subfamilies traditionally assigned to both Myrmeleontidae and Ascalaphidae were also recovered as paraphyletic. By contrast, all traditional antlion tribes were recovered as monophyletic (except Brachynemurini), but most subtribes were found to be paraphyletic. When compared with the traditional classification of Myrmeleontidae, our results do not support the current taxonomy. Therefore, based on our phylogenomic results, we propose a new classification for the antlions, which synonymizes Ascalaphidae with Myrmeleontidae and divides the family into four subfamilies (Ascalaphinae, Myrmeleontinae, Dendroleontinae and Nemoleontinae) and 17 tribes. We also highlight the most pressing issues in antlion systematics and indicate taxa that need further taxonomic and phylogenetic attention. Finally, we present a comprehensive table placing all extant genera of antlions and owlflies in our new proposed classification, including details on the number of species, distribution and notes on the likely monophyly of each genus.
Antibody‐mediated immunosuppression can result from RBC antigen loss independent of Fcγ receptors in mice
Authors: Mener Amanda , Patel Seema R. , Arthur Connie M. , Stowell Sean R. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDAnti‐RhD administration can prevent de novo anti‐RhD formation following RhD+ red blood cell (RBC) exposure, termed antibody‐mediated immunosuppression (AMIS). Recent studies suggest that AMIS may occur through target antigen alterations, known as antigen modulation. However, studies suggest that AMIS may occur independent of antigen modulation. In particular, AMIS to RBCs that transgenically express the fusion hen egg lysozyme‐ovalbumin‐Duffy (HOD) antigen have been shown to occur independent of activating Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) thought to be required for antigen modulation. Therefore, we sought to determine the mechanism behind AMIS following HOD RBC exposure.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFollowing transfer of HOD RBCs into wild‐type or FcγR‐chain knockout recipients in the presence or absence of monoclonal anti–hen egg lysozyme (HEL) antibody, individually or in combination, HOD antigen levels and anti‐HOD antibody formation were examined.RESULTSOur results demonstrate that anti‐HEL antibodies individually or in combination suppressed anti‐HOD IgM, which correlated with the rate of detectable decrease in HEL on HOD RBCs. Furthermore, exposure to anti‐HEL antibodies alone or in combination equally suppressed anti‐HOD IgG formation. Unexpectedly, combination or individual anti‐HEL antibodies induced AMIS and antigen modulation in an FcγR‐independent manner. Pre‐exposure of HOD RBCs to anti‐HEL antibodies reduced antigen levels and suppressed anti‐HOD antibody formation following HOD RBC exposure.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that antibody‐mediated antigen modulation may reflect a mechanism of AMIS that can occur independent of activating FcγRs and may provide a surrogate to identify antibodies capable of inducing AMIS against different RBC antigens.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography characteristics of intrathoracic mass lesions in 36 dogs and 24 cats
Authors: Rick Thorsten , Kleiter Miriam , Schwendenwein Ilse , Ludewig Eberhard , Reifinger Martin , Hittmair Katharina M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractContrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is increasingly available for veterinary patients, however limited studies describe the use of this method for characterizing intrathoracic mass lesions. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to describe CEUS enhancement patterns for intrathoracic mass lesions in a sample of cats and dogs. Sixty patients (36 dogs, 24 cats) were included. Standardized CEUS examinations were performed for 41 pulmonary masses (68%) and 19 mediastinal masses (32%). Final diagnosis was based on cytology and/or histopathology. Absolute time to enhancement (TTE) values were recorded for the intrathoracic mass lesions and spleen. The spleen was used as a reference parenchymal organ to calculate relative TTE (rTTE) values. Absolute TTE of the spleen and intrathoracic mass lesions differed for dogs and cats (P = 0.001). The rTTE values significantly differed between lesions of neoplastic versus non‐neoplastic origin (P = 0.004). The majority of neoplastic pulmonary masses were supplied by bronchial arteries (63%), while most nonneoplastic pulmonary masses were supplied by pulmonary arteries (78%). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting pulmonary neoplastic masses with rTTE were 63% and 78%, respectively. Enhancement patterns for mediastinal thymomas and lymphomas significantly differed (P = 0.002). Thymomas enhanced heterogeneously in a centripetal pattern (86%), whereas lymphomas typically enhanced uniformly in a centrifugal pattern (75%). Findings indicated that CEUS is a feasible method for characterizing intrathoracic mass lesions in dogs and cats, however, the diagnostic sensitivity for detecting neoplastic pulmonary masses was low.
Electrocardiography‐gated cardiac CT angiography can differentiate brachycephalic dogs with and without pulmonary valve stenosis and findings differ from transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: To Ada , Hostnik Eric T. , Rhinehart Jaylyn D. , Scansen Brian A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPulmonary valve stenosis (PS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed congenital heart defects in dogs. Currently, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the standard modality used to evaluate PS. Image acquisition by TTE can be challenging in some brachycephalic breeds of dogs. The use of echocardiographic‐gated CT angiography (ECG‐gated CTA) in veterinary medicine is limited. This retrospective method comparison study investigated right and left ventricular outflow diameters by sedated ECG‐gated CTA and unsedated TTE in 14 brachycephalic dogs with PS and 12 brachycephalic dogs without PS. Measurements of ventricular outflow structures were made in early systole and end diastole for both modalities and then compared for significance between systolic and diastolic phases, as well as between the two modalities. Ratios of the pulmonary trunk diameter to the aorta at different locations (aortic valve, aortic annulus, and ascending aorta) and in different planes (transverse, sagittal) were compared between dogs with PS and without PS, as well as within dogs, by both TTE and ECG‐gated CTA. Transthoracic echocardiography and ECG‐gated CTA both detected significantly greater pulmonary trunk to aorta ratios in dogs with PS at all aortic locations (P < 0.05). Pulmonary valve to aortic valve ratios were significantly smaller in dogs with PS (P < 0.05). Pulmonary trunk to aorta and pulmonary valve to aorta ratios were achieved with good anatomic detail using ECG‐gated CTA. Ratios of the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary valve relative to the aorta may be useful to evaluate for PS using a modality that is underutilized for cardiac assessment.
Long‐term phosphorus accumulation and removal efficiency in a land‐based wastewater treatment system in the UK
Authors: Batista Seguí Maria del Mar , Tyrrel Sean , Hess Tim , Sakrabani Ruben , Knaggs David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe study aims to assess the long‐term phosphorus (P) removal in a land treatment system (LTS) in the UK. Different sections of the site have been irrigated with wastewater effluent for different periods of time for up to 85 years. The amounts of P discharged and accumulated were calculated from historical data, estimations of water consumption, composition and soil measurement. The total P input during the study period was estimated to be 90 010 kg, the average P removal was 4% and there was no significant difference in the total P accumulated between plots irrigated for different periods, indicating that the sorption capacity of the soil might be saturated. Despite the low P retention rates in the LTS, there is no evidence that emissions from this system are affecting P concentrations in either the nearby river or the local chalk aquifer. Gaps remain, however, in performance optimisation and longevity forecasting.
Turbine
Vane Endwall Film Cooling Comparison From Five Film-Hole Design Patterns and Three Upstream
Injection Angles
Authors: Shiau Chao-Cheng , Sahin Izzet , Wang Nian , Han Je-Chin , Xu Hongzhou , Fox Michael 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The effects of upstream injection angle on film cooling effectiveness of a turbine vane end wall with various endwall film-hole designs were examined by applying pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurement technique. As the leakage flow from the slot between the combustor and the turbine vane is not considered an active source to protect the vane endwall in certain engine designs, discrete cylindrical holes are implemented near the slot to create an additional controllable upstream film to cool the vane end wall. Three potential injection angles were studied: 30 deg, 40 deg, and 50 deg. To explore the optimum endwall cooling design, five different film-hole patterns were tested: axial row, cross row, cluster, midchord row, and downstream row. Experiments were conducted in a four-passage linear cascade facility in a blowdown wind tunnel at the exit isentropic Mach number of 0.5 corresponding to inlet Reynolds number of 380,000 based on turbine vane axial chord length. A freestream turbulence intensity of 19% with an integral length scale of 1.7 cm was generated at the cascade inlet plane. Detailed film cooling effectiveness for each design was analyzed and compared at the design operation conditions (coolant mass flow ratio (MFR) 1% and density ratio 1.5). The results are presented in terms of high-fidelity film effectiveness contours and laterally (spanwise) averaged effectiveness. This paper will provide the gas turbine designers valuable information on how to select the best endwall cooling pattern with minimum cooling air consumption over a range of upstream injection angle.
Extreme Events: Mechanisms and Prediction
Authors: Farazmand Mohammad , Sapsis Themistoklis P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtreme events, such as rogue waves, earthquakes, and stock market crashes, occur spontaneously in many dynamical systems. Because of their usually adverse consequences, quantification, prediction, and mitigation of extreme events are highly desirable. Here, we review several aspects of extreme events in phenomena described by high-dimensional, chaotic dynamical systems. We especially focus on two pressing aspects of the problem: (i) mechanisms underlying the formation of extreme events and (ii) real-time prediction of extreme events. For each aspect, we explore methods relying on models, data, or both. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each approach as well as possible future research directions.