bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biometrics in extended reality: a review
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Ramachandra Raghavendra , Venkatesh Sushma , Prasanna S. R. Mahadeva 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the domain of Extended Reality (XR), particularly Virtual Reality (VR), extensive research has been devoted to harnessing this transformative technology in various real-world applications. However, a critical challenge that must be addressed before unleashing the full potential of XR in practical scenarios is to ensure robust security and safeguard user privacy. This paper presents a systematic survey of the utility of biometric characteristics applied in the XR environment. To this end, we present a comprehensive overview of the different types of biometric modalities used for authentication and representation of users in a virtual environment. We discuss different biometric vulnerability gateways in general XR systems for the first time in the literature along with taxonomy. A comprehensive discussion on generating and authenticating biometric-based photorealistic avatars in XR environments is presented with a stringent taxonomy. We also discuss the availability of different datasets that are widely employed in evaluating biometric authentication in XR environments together with performance evaluation metrics. Finally, we discuss the open challenges and potential future work that need to be addressed in the field of biometrics in XR.
The role and impact of new technologies on healthcare systems
Authors: Sinha Raj 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integration of new technologies into healthcare systems is revolutionizing the industry by significantly enhancing the capabilities of healthcare providers, improving patient outcomes, and optimizing administrative operations. This comprehensive examination critically assesses the impact of these technologies on various stakeholders within the healthcare ecosystem, highlighting both the benefits and challenges. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), which refers to the simulation of human intelligence by machines, the Internet of Things (IoT), which involves interconnected devices that collect and exchange health-related data in real time, Blockchain, which is a decentralized and tamper-proof ledger technology used to securely manage patient data, and wearable devices are explored for their potential applications in diagnostics, treatment, and patient monitoring. Despite their transformative potential, these technologies also bring forth a range of limitations and challenges, including ethical concerns regarding patient privacy, legal implications of data security, and technical hurdles related to interoperability and implementation. By addressing these issues, the healthcare industry can better navigate the complexities of technological advancement, ensuring that innovation contributes positively to patient care and operational efficiency.
Effect of different treatment strategies on modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Nawaz Haseena , Fatima Sadia , Ali Asif , Mir Awal , Aleem Benish , Rafiq Sobia , Alorini Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
There are various treatment options for breast cancer, but a delayed diagnosis at an advanced stage negatively affects overall survival. Our objective is to investigate the prognostic significance of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) with different treatment modalities.

Materials and methods
The study was a longitudinal cohort conducted in the Biochemistry laboratory of the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at Khyber Medical University. Enrolling 121 patients with invasive breast carcinoma from November 2018 to February 2021, blood samples were collected at various stages. Data analysis utilized SPSS® version 22, employing the Kaplan–Meier method for overall survival (OS) calculation. The log-rank test assessed P-values for OS, and the chi-square test analyzed the association of modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) with different treatments. Statistical significance was considered for results with a P-value (p < 0.05).

Results
The study results indicated that mGPS 2 was linked to lower overall survival, while mGPS 0 and 1 were associated with good overall survival. Chemo-endocrine therapy exhibited the highest median survival of 40.9 months compared to other treatment options. Conversely, chemoradiotherapy combined with targeted therapy demonstrated the lowest overall median survival of 22.5 months.

Conclusion
The findings of the current research suggested that mGPS could be used as a prognostic screening tool in patients with breast cancers receiving different therapeutic modalities.
Recognizing asymptomatic bacteriuria in the surveillance of catheter-associated urinary tract infections—beyond fever and positive urine culture
Authors: Mitaka Hayato , Bryson-Cahn Chloe , Estebane Jorge O. , Makarewicz Vanessa A. , Lynch John B. , Chan Jeannie D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Among 143 cases of National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), 40% were considered catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (CA-ASB), and 18% clinical CAUTI. An alternative source of fever was present in 70% of CA-ASB. NHSN CAUTI may not be an effective metric for tracking hospital-level infection prevention efforts.
Regulatory Reform: Results and Challenges
Authors: Dudley Susan E. , Ellig Jerry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over the last century, the United States has witnessed three approaches to achieving better regulatory outcomes: the removal of “economic” regulations in certain sectors; regulatory impact analysis (RIA) of new “social” regulations; and retrospective analysis of existing regulations. This article reviews the rationale for each approach, the results to date, and the remaining challenges. It finds that both institutional and technical factors influence the success of reform efforts.
Designing for replicability: a qualitative empirical study on the replication of open-source machine tools
Authors: Omer Mohammed , Kaiser Melina , Buxbaum-Conradi Sonja , Moritz Manuel , Redlich Tobias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
By making building instructions freely accessible to everyone, open-source machine tools (OSMTs) promise to democratize manufacturing by enabling users in marginalized settings to build machines tools by themselves. There is, however, a lack of empirical evidence of the replicability of OSMT designs in low-resource contexts. This article explores OSMT replicability through qualitative and empirical methods to answer the central research question: Are designs that are fully open source also globally replicable? A comparative experiment was carried out by replicating an open-source 3D printer in two different locations: in Germany (resource-rich) and in Oman (resource-poor). The experiment aimed to determine the barriers faced with the replication in each location. It was significantly more challenging to replicate the 3D printer in Oman, primarily due to difficulties in sourcing and manufacturing, necessitating extensive modifications, which demanded greater skills and dexterity from users compared to those in Germany. Qualitative interviews found that limited digital literacy posed a significant barrier for microenterprise owners in replicating OSMT. Finally, design guidelines were proposed to enhance the global replicability of contextualized OSMT designs.
Hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of self-harm readmission: a French nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chauvet-Gelinier Jean-Christophe , Cottenet Jonathan , Jollant Fabrice , Quantin Catherine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the risk of self-harming behaviours warrants further investigation. Here, we hypothesized that people with a history of hospitalization for self-harm may be particularly at risk of readmission in case of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis based on the French national hospitalization database. We identified all patients hospitalized for deliberate self-harm (10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases codes X60–X84) between March 2020 and March 2021. To study the effect of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization on the risk of readmission for self-harm at 1-year of the inclusion, we performed a multivariable Fine and Gray model considering hospital death as a competing event.

Results
A total of 61,782 individuals were hospitalized for self-harm. During the 1-year follow-up, 9,403 (15.22%) were readmitted for self-harm. Between inclusion and self-harm readmission or the end of follow-up, 1,214 (1.96% of the study cohort) were hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 (mean age 60 years, 52.9% women) while 60,568 were not (mean age 45 years, 57% women). Multivariate models revealed that the factors independently associated with self-harm readmission were: hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.04 [2.73–3.37]), psychiatric disorders (aHR = 1.61 [1.53–1.69]), self-harm history (aHR = 2.00 [1.88–2.04]), intensive care and age above 80.

Conclusions
In hospitalized people with a personal history of self-harm, infection with SARS-CoV-2 increased the risk of readmission of self-harm, with an effect that seemed to add to the effect of a history of mental disorders, with an equally significant magnitude. Infection may be a significantly stressful condition that precipitates self-harming acts in vulnerable individuals. Clinicians should pay particular attention to the emergence of suicidal ideation in these patients in the aftermath of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Discovery and binding mode of small molecule inhibitors of the apo form of human TDO2
Authors: Lotz-Jenne Carina , Lange Roland , Cren Sylvaine , Bourquin Geoffroy , Goglia Laksmei , Kimmerlin Thierry , Wicki Micha , Müller Manon , Artico Nadia , Ackerknecht Sabine , Pfaff Philippe , Joesch Christoph , Mac Sweeney Aengus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) are structurally distinct heme enzymes that catalyze the conversion of L-tryptophan to N-formyl-kynurenine, and play important roles in metabolism, inflammation, and tumor immune surveillance. The enzymes can adopt an inactive, heme-free (apo) state or an active, heme-containing (holo) state, with the balance between them varying dynamically according to biological conditions. Inhibitors of holo-TDO2 are known but, despite several advantages of the heme-free state as a drug target, no inhibitors of apo-TDO2 have been reported. We describe the discovery of the first apo-TDO2 binding inhibitors, to our knowledge, and their inhibition of cellular TDO2 activity at low nanomolar concentrations. The crystal structure of a potent, small molecule inhibitor bound to apo-TDO2 reveals its detailed binding interactions within the large, hydrophobic heme binding pocket of the active site.
Loss of aquaporin-4 impairs cerebrospinal fluid solute clearance through cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathways
Authors: Kato Daisuke , Kameda Hiroyuki , Kinota Naoya , Fujii Takaaki , Xiawei Bai , Simi Zhou , Takai Yoshiki , Chau Simon , Miyasaka Yoshiki , Mashimo Tomoji , Abe Yoichiro , Yasui Masato , Minowa Kazuyuki , Kudo Kohsuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is essential in neurofluid dynamics. AQP4 loss impairs solute exchange between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF). However, whether AQP4 expression affects solute clearance from the CSF space to the extracranial space remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate this using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) following the intrathecal administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) to AQP4 knockout (KO) rats. AQP4 KO rats showed reduced efflux of intrathecal GBCAs to the extracranial spaces through CSF drainage pathways and increased retention of intrathecal GBCAs in the CSF space compared with the controls. These results suggest that AQP4 loss impairs solute clearance from the CSF space to the extracranial spaces via the CSF drainage pathways. This study revealed a close relationship between AQP4 expression and CSF solute clearance, contributing to a better understanding of the function of AQP4 in neurofluid dynamics.
Acute resistance exercise and training reduce desmin phosphorylation at serine 31 in human skeletal muscle, making the protein less prone to cleavage
Authors: Jacko Daniel , Schaaf Kirill , Aussieker Thorben , Masur Lukas , Zacher Jonas , Bersiner Käthe , Bloch Wilhelm , Gehlert Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDesmin intermediate filaments play a crucial role in stress transmission and mechano-protection. The loss of its integrity triggers myofibril breakdown and muscle atrophy for which desmin phosphorylation (pDes) is a priming factor. We investigated whether eccentric accentuated resistance exercise (RE) influences the regulation of pDes, effecting its susceptibility to cleavage. Ten healthy persons performed 14 RE-sessions (2 per week). Muscle biopsies were collected in both untrained and trained conditions at rest (pre 1, pre 14) and one hour after RE (post 1, post 14). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were utilized to assess desmin content, phosphorylation at several sites and susceptibility to cleavage. In untrained condition (pre 1, post 1), RE induced dephosphorylation of serin 31 and 60. Trained muscle exhibited more pronounced dephosphorylation at Serin 31 post-RE. Dephosphorylation was accompanied by reduced susceptibility of desmin to cleavage. Additionally, training increased total desmin content, upregulated baseline serine 31 phosphorylation and attenuated pDes at serine 60 and threonine 17. Our findings suggest that acute and repeated RE changes the phosphorylation pattern of desmin and its susceptibility to cleavage, highlighting pDes as an adaptive mechanism in skeletal muscle, contributing to the proteostatic regulation in response to recurring stress.
„Ich dachte, jetzt bringt er mich um“
Authors: Gerke Stephan 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungAnhand des Falls einer Patientin, die unter Agoraphobie mit Panikattacken (F
40.01 nach ICD 10), einer chronifizierten posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (F
43.1 nach ICD 10) sowie schweren Kopfschmerzen litt, werden die
differenzialdiagnostischen Schwierigkeiten einer Arzneimittelfindung mithilfe
moderner Repertorisationsprogramme aufgezeigt. Dagegen ermöglicht es eine
Fallanalyse, mithilfe des Symptomenlexikons SL5 klare Kriterien für die
Simileverschreibung darzustellen. Moderne Methoden der Arzneimittelfindung
werden unter dem Aspekt der Verschreibungssicherheit kritisch diskutiert.
Krisen in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Brunnthaler-Tscherteu Rosemarie 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungExemplarisch für das Thema „Krisen in der Schwangerschaft“ werden die Kasuistiken
von 2 Patientinnen dargestellt. Bei der 1. Patientin, die in der
Homöopathie-Ambulanz einer geburtshilflich-gynäkologischen Abteilung betreut
wurde, besserte Platinum metallicum die ängstliche Depression in der
Schwangerschaft sowie postpartal Ignatia amara die Stillprobleme. Der Vergleich
dieser beiden Arzneien zeigt die Ähnlichkeit bei psychosomatischen Beschwerden
und beim Thema Kinderwunsch. Bei der 2. Patientin kam die in problemhaften
Schwangerschaften häufig indizierte Arznei Sepia succus erfolgreich zur
Anwendung.
Factors that promote student well-being in schools: a scoping review of Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand literature
Authors: Murray Claire , Gabriel Florence , Kennedy JohnPaul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWell-being has been touted for many years as a critical factor in achieving positive outcomes for students in schools across Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and globally. Despite extensive reporting of student well-being concerns, further research is needed to fully understand this complex construct. This paper presents a scoping review aimed at developing a comprehensive understanding of student well-being by examining key factors highlighted in the literature. Using the PRISMA-ScR approach, a search was conducted using Google Scholar to identify studies published between 2010 and 2023 that focus on student well-being in Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand school contexts. Additional relevant grey literature, including policy documents, contributed to this review. A total of 46 studies met the eligibility criteria for more detailed analysis. The review identified three primary themes influencing student well-being: the role of student voice, the impact of the physical environment (which we call perivallon), and the nature of student relationships with teachers, peers, and themselves. These factors were found to be interrelated, with relationships serving as both an independent influence and a mediating factor affecting the other dimensions. The literature review leads to a multi-dimensional complexity model of well-being. This model suggests potential mechanisms by which a small change to an external factor can have far reaching, and potentially unexpected, impacts on student well-being. The implications and limitations of such a model are discussed, and avenues for future research are suggested.
Dietary energy level and β2-adrenergic agonist supplementation on growth performance, dietary energy, carcass traits, and visceral mass of hairy lambs
Authors: Castro-Pérez Beatriz I. , Escobedo-Gallegos Lucía de G. , Mendoza-Cortez Daniel , Estrada-Angulo Alfredo , Urías-Estrada Jesús D. , Quezada-Rubio Jesús A. , Zinn Richard A. , Plascencia Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

Context The beta-agonist zilpaterol (ZH) is a feed additive that improves growth performance via protein accretion during the finishing phase of ruminant fattening. However, evaluating the possible interaction between ZH and nutrients of the diet has received limited attention. Aims We investigated the changes in growth performance and carcass traits in response to ZH supplementation of hairy lambs fed finishing diets with different energy concentration. Methods Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin crossbred male lambs (43.8 ± 6.3 kg) were used in a 34-day feeding trial to evaluate the interaction between diet energy density [8.37 (LE) and 8.79 (HE) MJ of net energy for maintenance (NEm) per kilogram of diet] and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation (ZH, dosed at 0 or 6 mg ZH/kg) on growth performance, carcass traits, and visceral mass. All diets contained 14.5% crude protein (CP). Key results There was no interaction of energy level and ZH in any of the variables evaluated. HE increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain efficiency (GF) without affecting the observed-to-expected dietary NE. Zilpaterol supplementation increased ADG, GF, and observed-to-expected dietary NE. Both HE and ZH increased carcass weight. HE increased carcass fat, whereas ZH decreased it. HE increased dressing percentage. ZH increased longissimus muscle area, the muscle:fat ratio in the shoulder, and leg whole-cut proportion. Visceral mass was not affected by energy level. ZH decreased visceral fat. Conclusions Increasing diet energy from 8.37 to 8.79 MJ NEm/kg enhanced growth performance and carcass traits but did not improve dietary energy utilization. Supplemental ZH enhanced growth performance, dietary-energy utilization and carcass traits of lambs. Implications ZH supplementation is a tool to enhance growth performance by improving protein accretion and reducing carcass fat. Response to ZH supplementation is independent of the differences in energy density of finishing diets.
Child activity contexts and language environments
Authors: Glas Ludivine , Chubey Kiana , Soderstrom Melanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Activity contexts are increasingly recognized as important for the variation observed in the type and quantity of
speech heard by children. However, there is little data from children’s everyday experiences to properly study this role. We
analyzed the quantity of target child-directed speech (TDS) and other-directed speech (ODS) according to children’s activity
contexts. We used Daylong Audio Recordings of American English children aged 6–17 months old from the Bergelson Seedlings corpus.
A higher quantity of ODS per minute was observed in Solitary playful and exploratory activity contexts, while a higher quantity of
TDS per minute was observed in Social activity contexts in comparison to other activity contexts. However, the interindividual
variation found needs to be further explored. These results highlight the link between the language environment and activity
contexts, and their importance for understanding child language development.
Conversations in early childhood education and care centres
Authors: Yamaguchi Naomi , Bertin Tiphanie , Beaupoil-Hourdel Pauline 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present study describes the use of recasts by early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals in five
ECEC centres in France, and their effects on children’s language production – particularly on the phonological and morphosyntactic
levels. We adopt a multimodal approach, taking into account recasts conveyed by vocal and visual modalities. The ECEC setting
offers a complex interaction framework with more multiple and intertwined conversations than dyadic interactions. We aim to answer
two questions: to what extent do the recasts of ECEC professionals contribute to the co-construction of meaning and discourse, and
how do they constitute favourable contexts for children to experience the situated use of formal and functional linguistic
features? Our results, based on 135 interactional sequences and qualitative analysis, show that under certain conditions, recasts
are an efficient professional practice for scaffolding language acquisition and for involving children as active participants in
dyadic interaction.
High-dimensional Bayesian likelihood normalisation for CRESST's background model
Authors: Angloher G. , Banik S. , Benato G. , Bento A. , Bertolini A. , Breier R. , Bucci C. , Burkhart J. , Canonica L. , D'Addabbo A. , Di Lorenzo S. , Einfalt L. , Erb A. , Feilitzsch F.v. , Fichtinger S. , Fuchs D. , Garai A. , Ghete V.M. , Gorla P. , Guillaumon P.V. , Gupta S. , Hauff D. , Ješkovský M. , Jochum J. , Kaznacheeva M. , Kinast A. , Kluck H. , Kraus H. , Kuckuk S. , Langenkämper A. , Mancuso M. , Marini L. , Meyer L. , Mokina V. , Nilima A. , Olmi M. , Ortmann T. , Pagliarone C. , Pattavina L. , Petricca F. , Potzel W. , Povinec P. , Pröbst F. , Pucci F. , Reindl F. , Rothe J. , Schäffner K. , Schieck J. , Schmiedmayer D. , Schönert S. , Schwertner C. , Stahlberg M. , Stodolsky L. , Strandhagen C. , Strauss R. , Usherov I. , Wagner F. , Willers M. , Zema V. , Ferella F. , Laubenstein M. , Nisi S. ,   The CRESST collaboration
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using CaWO4 crystals as cryogenic calorimeters, the
CRESST experiment searches for nuclear recoils caused by the
scattering of potential Dark Matter particles. A reliable
identification of a potential signal crucially depends on an
accurate background model. In this work, we introduce an improved
normalisation method for CRESST's model of electromagnetic
backgrounds, which is an important technical step towards developing
a more accurate background model. Spectral templates based on Geant4
simulations are normalised via a Bayesian likelihood fit to
experimental background data. Contrary to our previous work, no
explicit assumption of partial secular equilibrium is required a
priori, which results in a more robust and versatile applicability.
This new method also naturally considers the correlation between all
background components. Due to these purely technical improvements,
the presented method has the potential to explain up to 82.7 % of
the experimental background within [1 keV,40 keV],
an improvement of at most 18.6 % compared to our previous
method. The actual value is subject to ongoing validations of the
included physics.