bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association among Parkinsonism-related motor complaints, cerebral small vessel disease, and cerebrovascular risk factors in a community-dwelling population
Authors: Guo Yang , Ji Cai-hong , Han Fei , Zhang Jiang-tao , Zhai Fei-fei , Zhou Li-xin , Ni Jun , Yao Ming , Jin Zheng-yu , Zhang Shu-yang , Cui Li-ying , Zhu Yicheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Parkinsonism-related motor complaints are commonly seen in the elderly. Our study aimed to investigate the association among Parkinsonism-related motor complaints, cerebral small vessel disease and cerebrovascular risk factors in a community-dwelling population in a Chinese rural area.Methods Individuals who were 50 years old or older, were independently living, were well-functioning, and had no history of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, were included. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), quantified motor function assessment, and questionnaire screening for Parkinsonism-related motor complaints were performed. Clinical data including cerebrovascular risk factors were collected. In univariate analysis, Chi-square test and student t-test were used to compare dichotomous variables and continuous variables, respectively, between individuals with or without motor complaints. In multivariate analysis, binary Logistic regression models were generated to determine risk factors for Parkinsonism-related motor complaints. General linear models were used to compare motor parameters between individuals with or without motor complaints. Results In the final analysis, 854 people were included. Individuals with motor complaints had a longer time for finger taping (6.2s v.s. 5.6s, p = 0.006), and a longer time for 3m-walking(4.0s v.s. 3.6s, p = 0.034) than did those without motor complaints. Hypertension was associated with motor complaints (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.21, 2.73]; p = 0.004). Age was not associated with motor complaints; none of the neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease was associated with motor complaints. Conclusion Hypertension is associated with Parkinsonism-related motor complaints. Better management of hypertension may prevent mobility limitation in the elderly. The questionnaire that we used for Parkinsonism is not suitable for screening small vessel disease in a community-dwelling population.
Comparison of single posterior debridement, bone grafting, and instrumentation with single anterior debridement, bone grafting, and instrumentation in treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis
Authors: Zhou Yongchun , Li Weiwei , Gong Liqun , Zhou Jiao , Luo Jing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical effect of single posterior debridement, bone grafting, and instrumentation and single anterior debridement, bone grafting and instrumentation in the treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis of adult patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made by involving 38 adult patients with thoracic spinal tuberculosis from between June 2013 and December 2015. Of the 38 patients, 21 patients were categorized in single anterior approach group and underwent single posterior debridement, bone grafting, and instrumentation (Group A). The remaining 17 patients were classified in single posterior approaches group (Group B), which received single posterior debridement, bone grafting and instrumentation. Clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging results of the two groups were analyzed subsequently. Results: All patients were followed up for 23.9 ± 3.8 m (range, 19–36 m). Bony fusion was achieved in all bone grafts. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in group B were significantly less than those in group A (P<0.05). The VAS scores, ESR, and CRP levels 6 weeks after operation and at the final follow-up were significantly lower than the preoperative levels (P<0.05). At the last follow-up, ASIA improvement no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, the postoperative and final-follow-up kyphosis angles in group B were both significantly smaller than those in group A (P<0.05). Group A had a postoperative angle correction rate smaller than group B, and its postoperative angle loss was greater than group B’s (P<0.05). Conclusion: Single posterior debridement, bone grafting, and instrumentation can achieve similar curative effect as single anterior debridement, bone grafting and instrumentation in the treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis, but also accompanied by additional advantages of shorter operation time and less bleeding .
Suboptimal management of hypertriglyceridemia in the outpatient setting is associated with the recurrent pancreatitis
Authors: Yan Ping , Zhao Hong-Xian , chen xia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Hyperlipemia is a well-established etiology of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, few data are available in the medical literature about the management of triglyceride levels in the outpatient setting in patients with hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP). We evaluated the blood triglyceride levels and the follow-up of triglyceride management in patients with HTG-AP.Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients with HTG-AP from January 2013 to March 2019 in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical of University. By reviewing the hospitalization records and the follow-up data, the clinical features, blood triglyceride levels, lipid-lowering medications use and blood triglyceride levels monitoring after hospital discharge were analyzed.Results 133 patients (46 women, 87 men; median age at presentation 37.4 years) diagnosed with HTG-AP were enrolled in the study. 32 cases (24.1%) presented with recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP). Patients who had RAP were younger and had higher blood triglyceride levels compared with that of single attack ( P < 0.05). No difference of serum amylase levels, hospitalization duration and mortality rate were observed between non-RAP and RAP. Lipid monitoring was only observed in 12.8% of patients and 10 patients(7.5%) took medications to control blood triglyceride levels after hospital discharge. The follow-up of triglyceride levels in the outpatient setting were higher in RAP patients than that of non-recurrent cases ( P < 0.05). Among the patients who had measured their triglyceride levels after discharge, 83.3% of patients with RAP had at least 1 follow-up of triglyceride level that higher than 500 mg/dL, while no patient had one HTG-AP attack displayed triglyceride levels higher than 500 mg/dL.Conclusions Triglyceride levels after hospital discharge higher than 500 mg/dL may be associated with an increasing risk of relapse of clinical acute pancreatitis events. Inappropriate management of triglyceride control in the outpatient setting may be associated with an increasing risk of relapse of clinical HTG-AP events.
Laryngeal mask versus endotracheal intubation for pre-hospital emergency airway management: a meta-analysis of randomized manikin and human studies
Authors: Li Hao , Duan Ming-da , Zhang Yun-liang , You Shao-hua , Song Yu-xiang , Zhang Xuan , Liu Min , Liu Wen-gang , Hou Ai-sheng , cao jiangbei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Pre-hospital emergency airway management plays an important role in pre-hospital care. Laryngeal masks are increasingly employed for the airway management of pre-hospital critical patients and have achieved promising results. Although several randomized controlled trials have reported benefits, the efficacy of laryngeal masks in pre-hospital emergency airway management compared to endotracheal intubation have not been systematically reviewed.Methods Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and CNKI) were searched up to April 2019 for related randomized studies. Outcome indicators were overall intubation success rates, success rates of the initial intubation, insertion time, ventilation efficiency rates, SpO2 rise time and blood gas index. Two investigators selected the trials, extracted the data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessed the quality of the literature according to the Jada score. The meta-analysis was performed using stata14.0 software.Results We included 9 randomized manikin studies and 31 human studies. Meta-analysis of the manikin studies showed that the overall intubation success rates of the laryngeal mask group [RR=1.10, 95% CI (1.02, 1.18), P<0.05] and the success rates of first intubation [RR=1.25, 95% CI (1.01, 1.55), P <0.05] were significantly higher than the endotracheal intubation group. The insertion time of the laryngeal mask group was also significantly shorter [SMD = -1.53, 95% CI (-1.88, -1.17), P <0.05]. In human studies, excluding the success rates of first intubation and insertion time, the laryngeal mask was superior to endotracheal intubation and improved the patients’ blood gas index and shortened the SpO2 rise time. All the results were statistically significant.Conclusions Compared to endotracheal intubation, laryngeal masks could quickly and effectively improve patient ventilation in pre-hospital emergencies, highlighting its utility for clinical application .
Molecular characterization and replicon typing of plasmids encoding carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Manohar Prasanth , Kale Manali , Lopes Bruno S. , Ramesh Nachimuthu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is an ongoing public-health problem of global dimensions leaving very few treatment options for severely infected patients. This study focuses on the dissemination of plasmid-borne carbapenemase genes in Gram-negative bacteria in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 151 non-repetitive isolates belonging to 11 genera were collected from a diagnostic center in Tamil Nadu. Minimal inhibitory concentration of imipenem and meropenem were determined using micro-broth dilution method. E. coli pathotyping, Klebsiella serotyping, screening for beta-lactamases and plasmid incompatibility grouping was performed.Results E. coli (n=57) isolates were classified as, Enteropathogenic (n=12), Enteroaggregative (n=9), Enterohemorrhagic (n=8), Enterotoxigenic (n=3), Enteroinvasive (n=1) and unclassified E. coli (n=24). Of the 45 Klebsiella species, 14 were K1 whereas 11 were K2 serotype and in 20 Klebsiella serotype could not be determined. Other isolates (n=49) consisted of P. aeruginosa , S. typhi , E. cloacae , A. baumannii , S. marcescens , A. xylosoxidans , P. mirabilis and E. meningoseptica . Of the total number of isolates, 71% (n=107) and 68% (n=103) were found to be resistant to meropenem and imipenem respectively. The most prevalent beta-lactamase gene was bla NDM-1 (21%, 12/57) followed by bla OXA-181 (16%, 9/57) both detected in E. coli . Other carbapenemase genes detected were bla GES-9 (n=8), bla OXA-23 (n=7) and bla IMP-1 (n=3). Interestingly bla GES-1 (n=11), bla OXA-51 (n=9) were also detected. The unusual presence of bla OXA-23 was seen in E. coli (n=4), and bla OXA-23 and bla OXA-51 (IncA/C) in K. pneumoniae (n=3). Plasmid incompatibility (inc/rep) typing results showed that the plasmids carrying resistance genes (n=11) belonged to IncX, IncA/C, IncFIA-FIB and IncFIIA groups. Six E. coli isolates and one K. pneumoniae were able to transfer plasmid-borne carbapenemase ( bla NDM-1 , bla OXA-181 , bla GES-1 , bla GES-9 ) via conjugation.Conclusions This study highlights the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and the acquisition of plasmid-borne carbapenemase genes in unusual Gram-negative bacteria highlighting the role of evolution by generating microbial diversity.
Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Depression and Anxiety in Methadone Consumers
Authors: Naeim Mahdi , Moghadam Sahar Aligholizadeh , Rezaei Farzin , Rezaeisharif Ali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: This research is aimed at Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Depression and Anxiety in Methadone Consumers Methods: The research performed about the effect of electric TDCS on depression and anxiety caused by methadone consumption has not been paid attention. In this research, 40 people were studied as a group. These people took a test before and after the eight-day period of simulation. After the primary test, people received device simulation for 8 consecutive days on a specific time. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Wilcoxon tests were used for analyzing the data. Results:The results show that with the score of 1.69 for the first variable, the patients’ anxiety level is much lower at the time of electric simulation. Also, regarding the score of 1.62 in the second hypothesis, it can be stated that depression level was much lower at the time of performing the simulation. Conclusions: Regarding the fact that drug consumption is one of the most important health problems in the society, performing such projects will be useful. It needs to be mentioned that even according to the findings of this research, people who are intended to quit their addiction should be under treatment of addiction treatment and consultation centers to control their depression and anxiety in order to achieve the desired results.
Climate Warming Trends in the U.S. Midwest Using Four Thermal Models
Authors: Abendroth Lori J. , Miguez Fernando E. , Castellano Michael J. , Hatfield Jerry L. 
Published: October 2019

Thermal time (TT) is an agro‐climate index widely established and used in predicting plant development based on temperature. This index is a powerful tool for measuring multi‐faceted changes in temperature occurring from climate change. In the present study, TT was calculated for the entire frost‐free period and individual spring, summer, and fall seasons using growing degree day (GDD), general thermal index (GTI), crop heat unit (CHU), and heat stress degree day (HSDD) models for 1054 counties across 12 Midwest states on a daily basis from 1950 to 2017. The temporal trend for each county was fit with a linear regression model for percent change per year. During the frost‐free period, warming occurred in 260 to 489 counties with 0.06 to 0.34% gain per year dependent on model and county selected. Warming has occurred in northern and eastern counties primarily from gains in the fall season and partially from the spring. These TT gains are from additional calendar days from an expanded frost‐free period and secondarily from a change in maximum temperature (fall only). Heat stress (>30°C) during the frost‐free period has decreased for 212 counties in the west‐central region. Overall, the CHU model detected the most counties warming and had the lowest error particularly compared to the GDD model. Compared to 1950, some counties showed up to 1.2‐fold increase in frost‐free TT and are projected to 1.8‐fold by end of the 21st century. Current warming trends are related to projected TT trends such that adaptation planning can be guided by the trajectory from the past 68 yr.Core Ideas

Northern and eastern counties in the Midwest have up to 1.2‐fold increase in frost‐free thermal time since 1950 while central and southern counties do not.
The growing degree day model results in fewer counties detected and lower rates of warming compared to the general thermal index and crop heat unit models.
The gain in thermal time is primarily from the fall season and secondarily from the spring.
An Inverse Correlation between Corn Temperature and Nitrogen Stress: A Field Case Study
Authors: Alzaben Heba , Fraser Roydon , Swanton Clarence 
Published: October 2019

Nitrogen is one of the most important yield‐limiting nutrients for corn (Zea mays). The ability of thermal remote sensing to detect nitrogen deficiency in corn may enable precision agriculture to modify nitrogen rates according to field conditions. This study applies the exergy destruction principle as a theory to explain the inverse relationship between surface temperature and nitrogen rate. Two hypotheses were developed. First, it was hypothesized that agricultural crops experiencing greater growth and providing greater yield will have lower surface temperature. The second hypothesis was that corn grown under optimum levels of nitrogen will have lower surface temperatures compared to corn grown under nitrogen stressed conditions. Field studies were conducted during two summer seasons (2016 and 2017) on an established long‐term field trial of corn yield response to varying rates of nitrogen. It was found that corn surface temperature decreased as the rate of nitrogen increased. A shallow but statistically significant (P < 0.05) negative slope was observed consistently with increasing rates of nitrogen. Surface temperature measurements, however, were variable. This variability was the result of external and weather dependent variables that influenced leaf surface temperature. Despite this variability, the exergy destruction principle provides a theory from which thermal remote sensing can be applied through the use of surface temperature measurements to detect physiological stress in crop plants.Core Ideas

Thermal remote sensing was proposed to detect nitrogen stress in corn plants.
Nitrogen stressed plants had higher surface temperatures than less stressed plants.
Temperature trends were consistent with the exergy destruction principle.
Nitrogen‐temperature correlations were statistically significant at the 0.05 significance level.
Corn yield increases with nitrogen rate increase and surface temperature decrease.
Network Controls on Mean and Variance of Nitrate Loads from the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Crawford John T. , Stets Edward G. , Sprague Lori A. 
Published: October 2019

Excessive nitrate loading to the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) has caused widespread hypoxia over many decades. Despite recent reductions in nitrate loads observed at local scales, decreases in nitrate loading from the Mississippi River basin (MRB) to the GoM have been small (1.58% during 2002–2012) with a low level of analytical confidence in this trend. This work seeks to determine the reasons why local‐scale improvements have not translated into reductions at the outlet of the Mississippi River. We estimated annual nitrate loads from 166 sites in the MRB over the 2002 to 2012 period to examine trends and variability. The Upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers together dominate the average nitrate load to the GoM, but very large interannual variability is driven primarily by the Upper Mississippi River. Within the Upper Mississippi River basin, decreasing trends in nitrate loading were common and the greatest improvements occurred at sites with the highest initial nitrate loads (the worst water quality). However, these improvements were balanced with increasing nitrate loads in other parts of the basin, such that the mean trend in load was near zero. Although load reductions in either the Ohio or Upper Mississippi basins have the potential to reduce the loads to the GoM, the improvements have not yet been large enough or widespread enough to lead to a change at the outlet. This analysis provides a basin‐wide perspective on recent nitrate trends and the contribution of tributary basins to the mean and variability of nitrate loading to the GoM.Core Ideas
High nitrate loads to the Gulf of Mexico remained stable in the 2002 to 2012 period.
Nitrate load trends in the Mississippi River Basin were mostly small and offsetting.
Larger, more widespread decreases are needed to achieve larger reductions at the outlet.
Variation in nitrate load is driven mostly by the Upper Mississippi River subbasin.
Mean reductions in gulf hypoxic zone size could be disrupted by large interannual variation.
Cropland Amendment with Beef Cattle Manure Minimally Affects Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Miller Eric , Spiehs Mindy , Arthur Terrance M. , Woodbury Bryan , Cortus Erin , Chatterjee Amitava , Rahman Shafiqur , Schmidt John W. 
Published: October 2019

Concerns exist that beef cattle manure amendment may increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in cropland soils and persist over time, potentially increasing food‐animal and human exposure via feed and produce. Manure and soil contain many types of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. However, zoonotic pathogens and fecal indicators are most directly linked to human disease and environmental surveillance efforts. We measured the levels of eight antimicrobial resistant zoonotic pathogens and fecal indicators at experimental farms at three locations: Nebraska (silt loam), North Dakota (silty clay), and South Dakota (silty clay loam). Each location had four treatments: beef cattle manure, beef cattle manure with corn stover bedding, inorganic fertilizer, and unamended control. Tetracycline‐resistant (TETr), nalidixic‐acid resistant, and third‐generation cephalosporin‐resistant (3GCr) Salmonella enterica were not detected in any cropland samples. Treatments did not significantly affect cropland levels of TETr Escherichia coli, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole‐resistant E. coli, 3GCr E. coli, TETr Enterococcus spp., or erythromycin‐resistant Enterococcus. Additionally, levels of 10 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were assessed in all soil samples. Except for erm(B) and tet(M) at Nebraska, ARG increases after manure application dissipated before planting occurred. Treatment did not affect the following ARGs: aac(6′)‐Ie‐aph(2′′)‐Ia, aadA1, blaCMY‐2, blaCTX‐M, mecA, tet(A), and tet(B). The replicated experimental design, quantification data, and paired genotypic and phenotypic information collected for this study can be used to inform risk assessment models. The common US Upper Midwest practice of land applying beef cattle manure in fall does not result in significantly higher levels of the AMR tested in spring cropland soils.Core Ideas
Beef manure amendment did not affect soil levels of resistant pathogens and indicator bacteria levels.
Beef manure amendment minimally affected antimicrobial resistance gene levels.
Sample occasion had a larger effect than amendment on soil antimicrobial resistance levels.
Dicamba Losses to Air after Applications to Soybean under Stable and Nonstable Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Bish Mandy D. , Farrell Shea T. , Lerch Robert N. , Bradley Kevin W. 
Published: October 2019

Challenges to control broadleaf weeds in broadleaf crops prompted development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with dicamba resistance. As a result of an unprecedented number of dicamba‐related injury cases in the United States, the movement of dicamba was studied in an applied research setting. High‐volume air samplers were used to determine concentrations of dicamba in air after treatment to soybean. In the first set of experiments, new commercial dicamba formulations were applied to soybean. Applications were made at the same time with treated areas at least 480 m apart to avoid cross‐contamination. Similar levels of dicamba were detected for both formulations, and the highest amounts (22.6 to 25.8 ng m−3) were detected in the first 8 h after treatment (HAT). A second set of experiments involved comparisons of mid‐day applications, when the atmosphere was unstable, to later applications under stable atmospheric conditions. Dicamba detected in the first 8 HAT was nearly threefold higher in applications made under stable atmospheric conditions. All experiments resulted in detection of dicamba through the last time point 72 HAT, indicating that volatility occurred regardless of application timing or formulation. Applications that included glyphosate resulted in higher dicamba concentrations than applications lacking glyphosate. These results provide field‐level data that new commercial dicamba formulations can volatilize over time and that atmospheric conditions at application affect dicamba concentrations. Pesticide applicators need to be familiar with these factors to reduce off‐target movement of dicamba.Core Ideas
The highest dicamba detections were associated with stable atmospheric conditions.
Addition of glyphosate to dicamba increased dicamba losses to air.
New low‐volatile dicamba formulations were detected at similar levels in the air.
Dicamba was detected in the air for 72 h after each experimental application.