bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH FREE CASH FLOW DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM DENGAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Sri Oktaryani G. A , Sofiyah Siti , Nugraha A.P I Nyoman , Gde Bisma I Dewa , Mandra I Gede 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh free cash flow dan leverage terhadap harga saham dengan menggunakan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel intervening, dimana kebijakan dividen diproksikan dengan dividend payout ratio (DPR). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis jalur (path analysis). Sampel penelitian diambil dari industri manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama kurun waktu 2010 – 2014 dengan metode purposive sampling. Diperoleh 16 perusahaan sebagai sampel, yang diobservasi selama 5 tahun dengan total observasi sebanyak 80. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa free cash flow dan leverage memiliki pengaruh langsung yang signifikan terhadap harga saham. Pengaruh langsung free cash flow terhadap kebijakan dividen adalah signifikan, sedangkan leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan dividen tidak dapat memediasi pengaruh free cash flow dan leverage terhadap harga saham. Kata kunci: free cash flow, leverage, harga saham, kebijakan dividen.
Extractos de Persea americana Mill. que retrasan maduración en frutos de aguacate
Authors: Tochihuitl- Martiñón Anahi , Chávez-Franco Sergio Humberto , Saucedo-Veloz Crescenciano , Suarez-Espinosa Javier , Guerra-Ramírez Diana 
Published: December 2018

La mayoría de las investigaciones en poscosecha de los frutos de Persea americana Mill. están enfocadas en retardar su maduración. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de la aplicación de extractos no polares obtenidos de ramas, pedúnculo y hojas de aguacate variedad ‘Hass’ sobre el retraso de la maduración del fruto con y sin pedúnculo. Además, se evaluó la maduración de frutos de P. americana colectados con sus ramas de tamaño original con hojas (ROH) y sin hojas (ROSH), y ramas a la mitad de su tamaño original con hojas (RMH) y sin hojas (RMSH). Las variables medidas en frutos tratados con extractos no polares fueron firmeza, respiración, diámetro ecuatorial y color. En los frutos con ramas se determinó firmeza, diámetro ecuatorial, longitud y color. La firmeza fue determinada con escala hedónica de 5 a 1, la velocidad de respiración (mL CO2 kg-1h-1) con un medidor de CO2, las variables de color (L,a,b) con la aplicación para android ‘Color Grab’, el diámetro ecuatorial y longitud, se midieron con un vernier digital. De acuerdo con los resultados, la presencia del pedúnculo en frutos tratados con extractos hexánicos atrasó su maduración; con una firmeza promedio de 4.3 y coloración verde a los 10 d poscosecha. Los extractos de pedúnculo a 100 y 200 ppm tuvieron un efecto significativo en mantener la coloración verde de los frutos hasta 10 d después de cosecha. La evaluación de madurez en frutos colectados con ramas, demostró que la presencia de hojas retarda su maduración.
Analisis Error dan Epoch dengan Pengembangan Adaptive Learning Rate dan Parameter Momentum pada Metode Backpropagation
Authors: Fitri Zahratul 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak— Algoritma backpropagation merupakan bagian dari Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST) yang memiliki beberapa layar tersembunyi. Algoritma backpropagation juga merupakan multi-layer yang banyak digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persoalan yang luas, akan tetapi, algoritma backpropagation juga memiliki kelamahan pada proses pembelajaran yang cukup lambat. Pada penelitian ini penulis menganalisis bagaimana mengembangkan algoritma backpropagation dengan menggunakan learning rate dan parameter momentum untuk meminimalisir error dan epoch yang akurat sebagai proses menghitung perubahan bobot. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pengembangan yang dilakukan memperoleh nilai paling baik pada nilai momentum yaitu 0,9 dan 1.0 dan nilai learning rate yaitu > 0,7. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa nilai pembelajaran dengan menggunakan nilai parameter momentum dan nilai learning rate diatas sangat baik digunakan sebagai percepatan laju konvergensi.Kata kunci— Algoritma Backpropagation, Parameter Momentum, Adaptive Learning Rate . Abstract— Backpropagation algorithm is part of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which has some hidden screen. Backpropagation algorithm is also a multi-layer finish that is widely used for large problems, however, the backpropagation algorithm also has weaknesses in the learning process is quite slow. In this study the authors analyze how to develop a backpropagation algorithm using learning rate and momentum parameters to minimize the error and accurate epoch as the process of calculating the weight change. The result showed that the development is carried out to obtain best value on the momentum value of 0.9 and 1.0 and the value of learning rate is> 0.7. It is proved that the value of learning by using the parameter values of momentum and learning rate values above are best used as a convergence rate acceleration.Keywords— Backpropagation Algorithm, Parameter of Momentum, Adaptive Learning Rate
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ram Prasad , Shrestha Subha , Richhinbung Rai Junu , Amatya Ritu 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Multidrug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is in increasing trend these days. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae with special reference to multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases production.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a period of six months (February -July, 2017) in the microbiology laboratory of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 936 bacterial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from clinical specimens were processed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screened for multidrug resistance. ESBL production was detected among potential isolates by combination disk diffusion test.Results: The rate of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases production was 54.2% and 23.8% respectively. Of the total ESBL producers 92.4% were multidrug resistance. The rate of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases production were higher in organisms isolated from clinical samples collected from inpatients. High rate of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases production was seen in E. coli (54.4% & 27.7%), Klebsiella spp. (67.1% & 28.2%) and Citrobacter spp. (70.3% & 10.9%). The antimicrobial resistance rate was highest against ampicillin (76.7%) followed by cefixime (54. 0%), ceftazidime (51.5%), ceftriaxone (51.0%), cotrimoxazole (48.7%), ciprofloxacin (43.9%) and ofloxacin (41.1%).Conclusions: Multidrug resistance is common among Enterobacteriaceae. These bacteria have high rate of resistance against commonly used groups of antibiotics like cephalosporins and quinolones. Continuous monitoring, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, proper infection control and practices are important to combat with these issues.
Endovenous Ablation of Varicose Veins Experience at Tertiary Neurological Center
Authors: Pandey Sandeep Raj , Katwal George Bush Jung , Gajuryal Sharad Hari 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Endovascular ablation of varicose vein either by radiofrequency ablationor laser delivers sufficient thermal energy to incompetent vein segments to produce irreversible occlusion, fibrosis and ultimately disappearance of the vein.Materials and Methods: Three hundred patients with varicosities due to primary or recurrent sapheno-femoral or sapheno-popliteal junction and great or small saphenous veinreflux underwent out-patient and in-patient endovenous thermal ablation between January 2015 to December 2017.The great saphenous vein was ablated from 2-2.5 cm below sapheno-femoral junction to knee and the small saphenous vein was ablated from mid-calf to the sapheno-popliteal junction.Results: Patient returning time to normal activity was 0–1 days returning to normal daily activity were immediately after 4 hours. Duplex ultrasound follow-up (median 3-months) confirmed abolition of sapheno-femoral junction/great saphenous vein and sapheno-popliteal junction/small saphenous vein reflux in all limbs. There were no instances of skin burns or deep vein thrombosis, but, 7 patients developed transient cutaneous numbness involving sural nerve and 1 developed endovenous heat induced thrombosis 3.Conclusions: This is likely to be more effective than conventional surgery, although long-term follow up is required. Despite being expensive in comparison to open surgery, endovenous thermal ablation is superior in terms of: minimizing pain, avoiding incision, early mobilisation and discharge. Changing the treatment distance from 2 cm to 2.5 cm peripheral to the Deep veins junction may result in a diminished incidence of endovenous heat induced thrombosis 3.
Fractional Ablative Carbondioxide Laser Resurfacing for Acne Scars - A Single Centered Study
Authors: Shrestha Rima , Karki Anupama 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Pulsed carbon dioxide laser devices are considered highly effective treatment options for skin resurfacing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an ablative 10,600-nm carbon dioxide fractional laser system on moderate to severe acne scarsMaterials and Methods: Forty participants (Fitzpatrick skin types III–IV) ranging from the age group of 25-45 who had moderate to severe acne scars were included in the study.CO2 Fractional laser was used, Unit: eCO2 Lutronic Korea; FDA approved, in 3 sessions at one month interval and 4th and 5th sessions at the interval of 2 months. Comparison was done on a monthly basis for the improvement of scars at one monthly interval and any other symptoms like pain, recovery time for wound healing and complications of laser like hyperpigmentation were noted by asking the patient to fill up a questionaire.Results: All the patients completed the treatment.At the end of the session participants experienced a reduction in the size of the scars. At the first laser session, they presented 10-25%, at the second session 20-45% and at the third session 30-60%. All participants felt an ascending improvement rate during and after the course of treatment. An average improvement of 71% was observed. Twelve of sixteen patients showed mild erythema which was transient and recovered at its own.Conclusions: Fractional Co2 laser ablation provides a safe and effective treatment of moderate to severe facial acne.
Use of Handheld Ultrasound to Estimate Fluid Status of Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shrestha Sanjaya Kumar , Ghimire Anupam , Ansari Safiur Rahman , Adhikari Ashok 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Accurate assessment of fluid status in hemodialysis patients presents a significant challenge. Nephrologists have long relied on dry weight estimation based solely on clinical parameters to decide the ultrafiltration volume for patients with end-stage kidney disease on dialysis. However, this method is far from accurate and many patients recurrently suffer from signs and symptoms of fluid overload or circulatory collapse from overaggressive ultrafiltration. Invasive methods such as measurement of central venous pressure cannot be used routinely. We evaluated the usefulness of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter measured by handheld ultrasound in the estimation of fluid status in patients before and after hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: Clinical assessment included patients’ symptoms, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and presence of edema before and after dialysis session. Dry weight was assessed based on the above parameters. Each patient underwent measurement of inferior vena cava before and after hemodialysis. The anteroposterior IVC diameter (IVCD) was measured 1.5 cm below the diaphragm in the hepatic segment in supine position during normal inspiration and expiration.Results: Thirty hemodialysis patients (mean age 51.6±18.03 years) were evaluated in outpatient dialysis unit. Following hemodialysis mean IVCe (IVC diameter in expiration) decreased from 1.40±0.38 to 0.91±0.30 cm (p<0.001). Similarly, mean IVCi (IVC diameter in inspiration) decreased from 0.67±0.34 to 0.35±0.19 cm (p<0.001). Changes in IVCD were significantly correlated with alterations in body weight following dialysis (p<0.0001). The IVC collapsibility index (IVC-CI, per cent of change in IVC diameter in expiration vs. inspiration) increased significantly from 0.53±0.18 to 0.68±0.18 after dialysis (p=0.002). IVC diameter and IVC-CI clearly reflected alterations in fluid status. Regarding the clinical parameters of fluid status, following hemodialysis, mean heart rate increased from 81.17±5.21 beats per minute to 86.50±7.99, (p=0.003), systolic blood pressure increased from 148.67±26.36 mmHg to 155.00±28.50, (p=0.05), and diastolic blood pressure increased from 78.62±12.74 mmHg to 84.83±14.55, (p<0.001).Conclusions: Our findings support the applicability of IVCD measurement and IVC-CI in the estimation of fluid status in end stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis. The clinical parameters of fluid status including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure suggest that significant numbers of patients underwent excess ultrafiltration based on their traditional dry weight calculation. Thus, using IVC parameters before and during hemodialysis might give a better estimation of fluid status of the patient and guide the amount of ultrafiltration to be done.
Flexible Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy for the Assessment of Upper Airway Disorders
Authors: Regmi Chalise Sangita , Khadka Subash 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Upper airway problems are frequently encountered in ENT practice. It is difficult to diagnose upper airway pathology by conventional methods. So use of fibreoptic flexible nasopharyngoscopy (NPL) is very helpful in both diagnosis and treatment of upper airway disorders. The aim of this study is to observe the usefulness of flexible NPL in patients with upper airway problems as an outpatient procedure. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the department of ENT at KIST medical college teaching hospital during the period of 2years. A total of 138 patients who had persistent upper airway symptoms and underwent NPL were included in the study Detail history, clinical examination and required investigations were done. Data were recorded and analysed.Results: Total 138 patients suffering from upper airway disorders underwent NPL. Among them 65(47.1%) were males and 73(52.9%) were females. Age range was from 16 to 82 years. Most common problem observed was laryngopharyngeal reflux disease accounting for 41 percent of cases followed by vocal cord nodule and polyp.Conclusions: Flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (NPL) is safe and noninvasive outpatient department procedure for the assessment of upper airway disorders.
Primary Melanoma of Testis- A Case Report
Authors: Pudasaini Sujata , Joshi Bhola Raj , Subedi Neeraj , Pathak Rakesh , Pande Kricha , Koirala Shradha , Kafle Neeta , Bhomi Krishna Kaji , Shahi Aanchal 
Published: December 2018

Primary melanoma of the testis is very rare. Melanoma of testis usually occurs as metastatic tumor. Here we present a case of 54 year old man with right testicular swelling proven to be primary malignant melanoma. Patient had right scrotal swelling of six months duration. With raised LDH and unremarkable Serum β-HCG and Alpha Feto Protein level and with a suscipicion of primary testicular tumor on MRI, right inguinal orchidectomy was done. Its clinical presentation and histopathological examination is discussed here.
Prevalence of High-Risk Groups for Gastric Carcinoma – A Biopsy Finding
Authors: KC Geetika , KC Shiva Raj , Gyawali Purnima 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Gastric carcinoma is leading cause of death world wide including Nepal. The 5 years survival rate of gastric carcinoma (25%) has drastically decreased compared to early gastric cancers (90-90%) hence implying the need for early detection. Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are considered as major high-risk factors and is a precancerous lesion along with Helicobacter pylori. This study tries to look at the distribution of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia across age and gender and their occurrence in Helicobacter pylori positive cases.Materials and methods: It is Cross-sectional study of a retrospectively collected data at KIST medical college and GRP poly clinic private limited from April 2008 till March 2018. Total of 10,683 cases were included. The slides were stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin stain and Giemsa stain and evaluated by two pathologists. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS vs 21.Results: Total numbers of cases studied were 10,683 with male to female ratio of 1.04:1. The most common age group of the study was 18-40 years (n=6206; 58.8%). Atrophy was seen in 81 (0.8 %) cases, Intestinal metaplasia in 298 (2.8 %) cases and Helicobacter Pylori was positive in 4459 (42.2%) cases. The incidence of atrophic gastritis was more in H. pylori positive group 54 (0.5%) group where as intestinal metaplasia was more in H. pylori negative 190(1.8%) group.Conclusion: Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, high-risk factors for gastric carcinoma, were not the common findings. Atrophic gastritis was seen in 0.8% and intestinal metaplasia was seen in 2.8% of the total study population.
Diabetes Mellitus And Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c
Authors: KC Shiva Raj 
Published: December 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem in 21st century. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is in rise and is estimated to be more prevalent in coming years. It is becoming one of the most common non-infectious and non-neoplastic causes of morbidity and mortality. Various complications are associated with diabetes mellitus. With control of blood glucose level, complications of diabetes mellitus can be minimized. In different time frame, different parameters and level have been used to diagnose diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c is one of the reliable indicator of chronic hyperglycemia. In 2011, World Health Organization has included HbA1c in the diagnostic criteria. Various methods are used to detect the level of HbA1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is being used in the management of diabetes mellitus. Various studies have shown its prognostic implication in micro and macrovascular complications. Here we discuss various methods of estimation of HbA1c, various role of HbA1c in the management of Diabetes Mellitus and limitation of the test.
Advertisement in Medical Journal – To Be or Not To Be!
Authors: Basnet Nabin 
Published: December 2018

Medical journals are unbiased and reliable sources of information. They disseminate knowledge to educate medical practitioners and scientists of new development in different fields of medical science. The state of research and publication in developing countries is primitive, and those that are done fail to compete to be published in reputed international journals. The regional open access journals provide an opportunity to such researchers indisseminating their work. Their work is then recorded and available for other researchers and practitioners for reference.Open access journals are good platform, but it is a tremendous task for journals to survive with the little or no resource. Common sources of revenue are sales of print version and article publication charges which are often inadequate. Survival is hard and journals have to look for other sources such as individual donations and fund from institutions or medical societies. One of such journal is PloS Medicine, which has a reputable presence. These alternative sources of income may not be available for all journals and have to turn to advertisements as a majorsource of revenue. Even some of the reputed traditional, subscription-based journals put advertisements as their reliable source of income.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika ditinjau dari Minat Belajar Siswa SMP Negeri di Kota Rantepao
Authors: Sappaile Baso Intang , Djaman Nurwati , Ba’ru Yusem , Kadir Kadir , Darwis Muhammad 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar matematika ditinjau dari minat belajar siswa. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain 2x2 faktorial. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri di Kota Rantepao, tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Populasi penelitian adalah semua siswa kelas tujuh SMP Negeri Rantepao dan sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dengan jumlah anggota sampel sebanyak 78 siswa. Model pembelajaran sebagai variabel bebas, minat belajar sebagai variabel intervening, dan hasil belajar matematika siswa sebagai variabel respon. Model pembelajaran discovery learning digunakan pada kelompok perlakuan, dan model pembelajaran langsung digunakan pada kelompok pembanding. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen tes hasil belajar matematika dan skala minat belajar dan digunakan ANAVA dua jalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) model pembelajaran dan minat belajar mempunyai pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa, dan (2) model pembelajaran discovery learning lebih baik daripada model pembelajaran langsung.
Kata kunci: model discovery learning, model langsung, minat belajar, hasil belajar matematika siswa.
ABSTRACT
The major objective of this research was to investigate the effects of applying discovery learning on mathematics achievement in terms of student's learning interest. The research methodology was a quasi-experimental and the design of the research was a 2x2 factorial. The research was conducted in SMP Negeri in Rantepao City in academic year 2014/2015. The population of research was made up of all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri Rantepao from where a sample of 78 students was obtained by using cluster random sampling technique. Learning model as the independent variable, student's learning interest as intervening variable, and mathematics achievement of student as response variable. The treatment class group taught by using Discovery learning model. While the comparison group was taught by Direct Instruction. The data were collected using the mathematics learning test instrument and learning interest scale. The data collected were analyzed with two way ANOVA. The findings showed that: (1) learning model and interest in learning have an effect on student learning outcomes, and (2) Discovery learning model is better than Direct Instruction.
Keywords: discovery learning model, direct instruction, student interest, matemathics acievement.