bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to the rare Phytophthora tentaculata and to the widespread Phytophthora cactorum is consistent with host ecology and history
Authors: Sims Laura L. , Garbelotto Matteo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the susceptibility of three California endemic plant species Heteromeles arbutifolia, Platanus racemosa and Quercus agrifolia to the two congeneric soilborne pathogen species: Phytophthora tentaculata and Phytophthora cactorum. These pathogens were recently introduced in ecosystems east of the San Francisco Bay, where the three plant species above are dominant. Phytophthora cactorum has a worldwide distribution inclusive of California, and a broad host range. Phytophthora tentaculata, in contrast, is suspected to be a “new” exotic to California and has been described on relatively few hosts. By separately challenging the roots and the stems of the three plant species above, we show that: (a) Both were equally pathogenic, but the type of disease differed based on host; (b) disease was consistent with host ecology and with previous disease reports, even if caused by different Phytophthora spp. and; (c) there were intraspecific differences in virulence. This study provides the following significant information regarding the management and early modelling of polyphagous soilborne Phytophthoras: (a) Endemic species can be as problematic as recently introduced exotics. (b) Multiple introductions should be avoided due to varying virulence levels among genotypes. (c) Riparian species like P. racemosa may develop disease tolerance in their root systems, but remain susceptible in their aerial portions, and thus, diseases could be facilitated by flooding or splash of infectious structures of soilborne pathogens onto aerial plant portions.
Post‐exercise cardiac troponin I release and clearance in normal Standardbred racehorses
Authors: Rossi T. M. , Kavsak P. A. , Maxie M. G. , Pearl D. L. , Pyle W. G. , Physick‐Sheard P. W. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundThere are currently no studies detailing cardiac troponin I (cTnI) release in normal horses post‐exercise using an analytically validated assay. These data are essential for selecting appropriate sampling times in equine athletes with suspected myocardial injury.ObjectiveTo plot the magnitude and time course of cTnI release after maximal effort, using validated cTnI assays.Study designDescriptive longitudinal study.MethodsFive clinically normal Standardbred racehorses in race training were included in the study. Horses were exercised in harness at near‐race intensity. Blood samples were taken immediately pre‐ and post‐exercise and then hourly for 24 h. Samples were analysed using the validated high‐sensitivity cTnI assay and a contemporary sensitivity cTnI assay.ResultsMean resting cTnI was 1.33 ± 0.6 s.d. ng/L (range, 0.82–2.33 ng/L) using assay A. All horses were below the detection limit at rest using assay B. Peak elevation occurred 2–6 h post‐exercise with both assays (mean, 4.6 ± 1.7 and 4.0 ± 2 h, respectively). Mean peak increase in cTnI was 11.96 ± 9.41 ng/L (range, 1.72–23.76 ng/L) using assay A. Peak concentrations were detectable in three of the horses using assay B and were between 0.039 and 0.051 μg/L (mean: 0.043 ± 0.006 μg/L). All horses returned to baseline within 24 h.Main limitationsA small (n = 5) convenience sample was used as random sampling was not logistically possible.ConclusionsAll horses experienced an increase in cTnI post‐exercise, with peak occurring 2–6 h post‐exercise. Cardiac troponin I elevation was detected earlier using the high‐sensitivity assay, which may convey a diagnostic advantage. Targeted studies are needed to determine the significance of these increases.
Foreign faculty at Japanese universities: Profiles and motivations
Authors: Huang Futao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study aims to identify the major characteristics and motivations of foreign faculty at Japanese universities. The study begins with a brief introduction to the literature, research framework and method. In the second section, the study deals with the background and changes in foreign faculty at Japanese universities since 1980. In the third section, the study discusses the key aspects of the personal attributes and career patterns of the foreign faculty and their motivations of being hired in Japanese universities. The study concludes by presenting a more detailed description of the personal, educational and professional identities of the foreign faculty at Japanese universities, the main reasons for their coming to work in Japan, and the implications for research, policy and institutional practice.
Use of D‐dimer in oral anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Zhang L. , Long Y. , Xiao H. , Yang J. , Toulon P. , Zhang Z. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIndividualized anticoagulation management and improvement of the safety and effectiveness of oral anticoagulant have always been the focus of clinicians' attention. D‐dimer, a sensitive marker of thrombosis and coagulation activation, is not only traditionally used in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism, acute aortic dissection, and disseminated intravascular coagulation but can also be used as a helpful marker in the management of oral anticoagulant, including evaluating the anticoagulation quality, predicting clinical outcomes, and determining the optimal duration and intensity of anticoagulation.
Stability of leukocyte research parameters over time on the Sysmex XN: How to quantify the changes in cell morphology
Authors: Pérez I. , Redín M. E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionResearch parameters of the Sysmex XN‐series provide information about the cell morphology. The aim is to quantify time‐dependent changes of conventional and research parameters and propose correction factors to be applied to the parameters, which revealed significant changes.Methods284 EDTA blood samples were processed from 0 hours‐12 hours and the mean percentage change (%) of the leukocyte parameters was calculated. Stability was evaluated according to three criteria: metrology criteria according to the between‐batch analytical variation, metrology criteria according to within‐run analytical variation, by which % could not exceed the Minimum Significant Change (MSC = [±1.65*CV%]) and Biological criteria based on intraindividual biological variation, by which % could not exceed the Desirable Significant Change (DSC = [±0.5*CVD%]). Mean deviation percentage of the parameters, which suffer significant changes was calculated and a multiplying factor was obtained to correct the signal deviation. Stability of abnormal leukocyte flags was also evaluated.ResultsMost of the cell count parameters are considered stable according to MSC and DSC. However, several research parameters of neutrophils and lymphocytes show alterations in stability after 4 hours, even when their respective cell count parameters are stable.ConclusionMorphological variations of neutrophils and lymphocytes can be quantified. This data can be used to correct the deviation in samples that cannot be analyzed before 4 hours.
Evaluation and comparison of automated hematology analyzer, flow cytometry, and digital morphology analyzer for monocyte counting
Authors: Buoro S. , Moioli V. , Seghezzi M. , Previtali G. , Alessio M. G. , Simon Lopez R. , Ortolani C. , Ottomano C. , Lippi G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study was aimed to evaluate monocyte counts on Sysmex XN‐9000, Sysmex CyFlow Space System, and Sysmex DI60 and compare the performance of these systems with the reference optical microscopy (OM) assessment.MethodsIn all, 55 peripheral blood samples, collected in K3EDTA tubes, were analyzed with XN‐9000, CyFlow System (FlowDiff1 and 2), DI60, and OM. Within‐run imprecision was carried out using normal samples. Data comparison was performed with Passing‐Bablok regression and Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsThe within‐run imprecision of monocyte count on XN, FlowDiff, OM, and DI60 ranged between 1.9% for FlowDiff 2 and 22.1% for DI60. The Passing‐Bablok regression analysis of absolute count yielded slopes comprised between 0.93 (FlowDiff2 vs DI60) and 1.21 (DI60 vs OM), whereas the intercepts ranged between −0.002 (FlowDiff 1 vs FlowDiff 2) and 0.13 (FlowDiff1 and 2 vs DI60). Bland‐Altman plots in absolute values yielded absolute bias comprised between −0.01 × 109/L (FlowDiff 1 vs FlowDiff 2; DI60 vs OM) and 0.15 × 109 (XN‐module vs DI60).ConclusionThe results of this analytical evaluation suggest that flow cytometry generates monocyte counts suitable for routine clinical use. OM or DI60 analysis may be useful for identifying morphologic abnormalities, but does not achieve a satisfactory level of accuracy for enumerating blood cells types such as monocytes, which are usually very low in peripheral blood.
Photo/cathodoluminescence and stability of Gd2O2S:Tb,Pr green phosphor hexagons calcined from layered hydroxide sulfate
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Zhihao , Zhu Qi , Zhu Ge , Wang Chuang , Xin Shuangyu , Li Ji‐Guang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHydrothermal reaction at 150°C and pH = 10 for 24 hours crystallized (Gd,RE)2(OH)4SO4 layered hydroxide sulfate (monoclinic structure; RE = Pr, Tb), from which Gd2O2S:RE (hexagonal structure) green phosphor hexagons were derived via facile dehydration in flowing H2 at 1200°C. Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns yielded cell dimensions that confirmed the direct crystallization of solid solution. Photoluminescence (PL) study at room temperature found absolute quantum yields of ~25.1% and 28.4%, CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.145, 0.679) and (0.326, 0.566), and fluorescence lifetimes of ~2.36 μs and 1.21 ms for Pr3+ and Tb3+ under 300 and 275 nm UV excitations, respectively. Temperature‐dependent PL analysis (25‐200°C) indicated that both the Pr3+‐ and Tb3+‐doped phosphors have favorably good thermal stability and retained ~65% and 80% at 100°C and ~41% and 47% at 200°C of their initial emission intensities, respectively. The activation energy for the thermal quenching of PL was determined to be ~0.221 (Pr3+) and 0.314 eV (Tb3+). Cathodoluminescence (CL) found that both the phosphors exhibit increasingly higher emission intensity/brightness at a higher acceleration voltage (up to 7 kV) or beam current (up to 50 μA) and are stable under electron bombardment in the studied range. Raising beam current was suggested to be more effective to enhance CL.
Investigation of co‐infections with pathogens associated with gill disease in Atlantic salmon during an amoebic gill disease outbreak
Authors: Downes J K , Yatabe T , Marcos‐Lopez M , Rodger H D , MacCarthy E , O'Connor I , Collins E , Ruane N M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGill diseases are a complex and multifactorial challenge for marine farmed Atlantic salmon. Co‐infections with putative pathogens are common on farms; however, there is a lack of knowledge in relation to the potential effect co‐infections may have on pathology. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential effects ofNeoparamoeba perurans, Desmozoon lepeophtherii,CandidatusBranchiomonas cysticola,Tenacibaculum maritimumand salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) during a longitudinal study on a marine Atlantic salmon farm. Real‐timePCRwas used to determine the presence and sequential infection patterns of these pathogens on gill samples collected from stocking until harvest. A number of multilevel models were used to determine the effect of these putative pathogens on gill health (measured as gill histopathology score), while adjusting for the effect of water temperature and time since the last freshwater treatment. Results indicate that between 12 and 16 weeks post‐seawater transfer (wpst), colonization of the gills by all pathogens had commenced and by week 16 of marine production each of the pathogens had been detected.D. lepeophtheriiandCandidatusB. cysticola were by far the most prevalent of the potential pathogens detected during this study. Detections ofT. maritimumwere found to be significantly correlated with temperature showing distinct seasonality. Salmon gill poxvirus was found to be highly sporadic and detected in the first sampling point, suggesting a carryover from the freshwater stage of production. Finally, the model results indicated no clear effect between any of the pathogens. Additionally, the models showed that the only variable which had a consistent effect on the histology score wasN. perurans.
EGCG: Potential application as a protective agent against grass carp reovirus in aquaculture
Authors: Wang H , Chen Yq , Ru Gm , Xu Yq , Lu Lq 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGrass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the primary cause of grass carp haemorrhagic disease. The major catechin in green tea, (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), has been found to have anti‐GCRV activity in the C. idellus kidney cell line (CIK). The aim of this study was to test the potential application of EGCG as an anti‐GCRV agent in aquaculture. Here, we demonstrate that various concentrations (99%, 50% and 35%) of EGCG could inhibit GCRV infectivity. EGCG (50%) + GCRV treatment significantly reduced the number of dead fish at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4 ‐and 5‐day post‐challenge compared with the negative control (GCRV challenge without EGCG treatment). The safety of EGCG compound products on cell survival was studied using four fish cell lines; we did not detect a significant change in cell viability within 24 hours of EGCG incubation. We also evaluated toxicity and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and lysozyme (LZM) in the grass carp, and the results showed that even a high dose of EGCG did not induce toxicity. Following EGCG compound injection, the concentration of MDA decreased and the concentration of GSH and LZM increased compared with the control groups. We also detected EGCG concentration in grass carp plasma and kidney using HPLC with electrochemical detection after intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 150 mg/kg. The concentration of EGCG in the plasma and kidney reached the highest levels (20 μg/ml and 1.5 μg/ml) about 12 hr after injection and then decreased. Overall, EGCG is a safe, effective product that could inhibit GCRV infection and improve immunoactivity in aquaculture.
Toward a Model of Military Family Resiliency: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cramm Heidi , Norris Deborah , Venedam Stephanie , Tam‐Seto Linna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the years, the construct of resilience has been increasing in complexity, indicated by the lack of consensus in its definition, operationalization, and measurement. Resiliency in military families is of particular interest given the nature of military life. A narrative review explored and synthesized how resilience and resiliency are understood in the military family literature. Twenty references were identified and underwent a detailed data extraction process focused on descriptions of resilience. Five themes were identified: the difference between resilience and resiliency, intrafamilial factors, processes that enhance military family resiliency, the role of context, and family–context interactions. These themes have informed the development of a synthesis of models of family resiliency that can reveal areas of vital significance for military families and serve as an important starting point to inform ongoing research and theory development for this population.
Perspectives for personalized therapy for patients with multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Lange C. , Alghamdi W. A. , Al‐Shaer M. H. , Brighenti S. , Diacon A. H. , DiNardo A. R. , Grobbel H. P. , Gröschel M. I. , von Groote‐Bidlingmaier F. , Hauptmann M. , Heyckendorf J. , Köhler N. , Kohl T. A. , Merker M. , Niemann S. , Peloquin C. A. , Reimann M. , Schaible U. E. , Schaub D. , Schleusener V. , Thye T. , Schön T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis is the leading cause of death attributed to a single microbial pathogen worldwide. In addition to the large number of patients affected by tuberculosis, the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug‐resistance is complicating tuberculosis control in many high‐burden countries. During the past 5 years, the global number of patients identified with multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB), defined as bacillary resistance at least against rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most active drugs in a treatment regimen, has increased by more than 20% annually. Today we experience a historical peak in the number of patients affected by MDR‐TB. The management of MDR‐TB is characterized by delayed diagnosis, uncertainty of the extent of bacillary drug‐resistance, imprecise standardized drug regimens and dosages, very long duration of therapy and high frequency of adverse events which all translate into a poor prognosis for many of the affected patients. Major scientific and technological advances in recent years provide new perspectives through treatment regimens tailor‐made to individual needs. Where available, such personalized treatment has major implications on the treatment outcomes of patients with MDR‐TB. The challenge now is to bring these adances to those patients that need them most.
A look into the relationship between personality traits and basic values: A longitudinal investigation
Authors: Vecchione Michele , Alessandri Guido , Roccas Sonia , Caprara Gian Vittorio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines the longitudinal association between basic personal values and the Big Five personality traits.MethodA sample of 546 young adults (57% females) with a mean age of 21.68 years (SD = 1.60) completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire and the Big Five Questionnaire at three time points, each separated by an interval of 4 years. Cross‐lagged models were used to investigate the possible reciprocal relations between traits and values, after the stability of the variables was taken into account.ResultsWe found that values did not affect trait development. Traits, by contrast, have some effects on how values change. Specifically, high levels of Agreeableness predict an increase over time in the importance assigned to benevolence values. Similarly, high levels of Openness predict a later increase in the importance assigned to self‐direction values. The same effect was not found for the other traits. Additionally, except for in the case of Emotional Stability, traits showed synchronous (i.e., within wave) correlations with values, suggesting that part of this relationship is due to common antecedents.ConclusionsMechanisms underlying the associations between traits and values are discussed.
Near final height in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency: A single‐centre experience
Authors: Kurnaz Erdal , Çetinkaya Semra , Aycan Zehra 
Published: May 2018

AimWe analysed near final height (NFH) data in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH).MethodsWe divided the idiopathic GHD patients into two groups, isolated GHD (IGHD) and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, to evaluate NFH. Then, data were grouped according to gender, pre‐pubertal/pubertal status and spontaneous or induced puberty. The trial was performed as a retrospective study. Median values are given, and measurements are expressed as standard deviation scores (SDSs).ResultsrhGH therapy was started at a median age of 12.1 (range 9.1–14.9) years in the IGHD group (n = 162, 83 males) and 9.1 (range 4.9–13.4) years in the multiple pituitary hormone deficiency group (n = 33, 22 males) at a median dose of 0.20 mg/kg/week. Height SDSs at the onset of therapy were −3.2 (range −4.4 to −2.6) and −3.9 (−6.8 to −2.8) in the two groups, respectively (P < 0.001). NFH SDSs were −1.8 (−2.9 to −1) and −1.6 (−3.1 to −0.4) (P = 0.139), and delta height SDSs (finish – start) were 1.4 (0.3–2.5) and 2.6 (1.5–4.6) (P < 0.001), respectively. Total delta height was 1.4 SDS (0.4–3.1) in patients who started rhGH treatment in the pre‐pubertal period and 1.3 SDS (0.3–2.4) (P = 0.106) in those who started rhGH in the pubertal period.ConclusionsAbout 85% of the cases reached their genetic height potential. Delta height SDSs were higher than expected in cases that started treatment during the pubertal period. Therefore, it is possible to achieve NFH within the mid‐parental height range in patients who start therapy during puberty.
Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii (16SrVI) infection modifies the polyphenols concentration in pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant tissues
Authors: Reveles‐Torres Luis Roberto , Velásquez‐Valle Rodolfo , Salas‐Muñoz Silvia , Mauricio‐Castillo Jorge Armando , Esqueda‐Dávila Karla Caren Jacqueline , Herrera Mayra Denise 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOf late, the presence of Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii was reported as a serious threat to the pepper crop in Zacatecas, México; therefore, asymptomatic and symptomatic pepper plants were collected from a commercial field among three samplings after the fruit set stage was reached. Total DNA was extracted using the CTAB‐based method and tested for phytoplasma using a nested PCR assay, followed by a BLAST, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, which confirmed the presence of phytoplasma group 16SrVI, “Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii” in the symptomatic plants. As the metabolic pathways of pathogen‐infected plants tend to change, resulting in a biochemical differentiation with the noninfected plants, the polyphenolic compound concentrations were quantified from the vegetative tissues (root, stem, leaves and developed fruit/big bud) and were analysed based on a principal component analysis (PCA). Results revealed that, in general, plants tend to a progressive increase in total phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and anthocyanins related to the plants exposure to “Ca. P. trifolii” infection, and PCA demonstrated that almost 90% of the observed variance was explained by the first two components. Hence, the phenolic content of the plants increases as a response of the defence mechanism, which reflects its condition and resistance.