bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hindfoot Arthrodesis Screw Position and Trajectory Effect on Talus Subsidence When Performed With Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Taylor Michel A. , Green Cynthia L. , Risoli Thomas J. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is increasingly being recognized as an effective surgical option for end-stage ankle arthritis. Associated hindfoot arthrodesis procedures are at times needed to correct malalignment or to address adjacent joint arthritis. Results following TAA and associated hindfoot arthrodesis have at times been underwhelming and the devascularization of the talar blood supply has been postulated as a potential cause. This study explored the association between hindfoot arthrodesis fixation and talar component subsidence. Methods: The study included 81 consecutive patients who underwent a TAA with either an isolated subtalar arthrodesis or combined subtalar and talonavicular arthrodesis with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Radiographic and clinical evaluations including patient-reported outcomes were performed at each postoperative visit. The primary outcome measure was the presence of talar component subsidence while patient-reported outcomes were the secondary outcome measure. Results: 30.9% of patients had evidence of talar component subsidence. Subsidence was seen in 55.5% of patients with dorsal to plantar subtalar fixation compared to 11.1% of patients with plantar to dorsal screws ( P < .001) and in 44.4% of patients with screws violating the sinus tarsi compared to 3.7% of patients without screws in the sinus tarsi ( P < .001). Screws that were placed from dorsal to plantar were more likely to violate the sinus tarsi ( P < .001). Patients with evidence of talar subsidence reported higher pain scores and lower functional scores. There were 8 TAA failures, and the presence of dorsal to plantar screws was associated with failure ( P < .01). Conclusion: Screws that are placed across the subtalar joint from a dorsal to plantar approach are more likely to violate the sinus tarsi, contributing to a significantly higher rate of talar component subsidence when associated with TAA. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative series.
The Quest for Environmental Law Equilibrium
Authors: Waite Andrew 
Published: November 2018

This article demonstrates that environmental law is not only dictated by environmental imperatives and principles, but is also affected profoundly in practice by the rules on enforcement, access to information, participation and access to justice on one hand and the behaviour of the environmental ‘actors’ on the other. It shows that the mandatory enforcement requirements in the contaminated land legislation and the EU Environmental Liability Directive are likely to make their impact much greater and therefore (possibly) more effective than if enforcement were discretionary. The ability of private parties to enforce the law as in the case of criminal prosecutions and judicial review (especially in the case of the EU Environmental Liability Directive) is likely to give encouragement to the regulatory authorities to do their job properly. The approach of the environmental ‘actors’ is crucial not only to whether and how environmental law operates in practice but also to its development. In order to decide whether the environmental law equation balances to achieve equilibrium, the overall effect of individual rules and of the combined total of all environmental laws must be considered. This applies not just to the rules on paper, but rather to how they work in practice. Accordingly, it is important to examine each of the ‘onion layers’ carefully. To that end the author explores briefly several significant environmental regimes before presenting his conclusion.
Effect of Iron-Deficiency Anemia on Cognitive Skills and Neuromaturation in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Walter Tomas 
Published: November 2018

Iron-deficiency anemia in infancy has been consistently shown to negatively influence performance in tests of psychomotor development. In most studies of short-term follow-up, lower scores did not improve with iron therapy, despite complete hematologic replenishment. The negative impact on psychomotor development of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in infancy has been well documented in more than a dozen studies during the last two decades. Two studies will be presented here to further support this assertion. Additionally, we will present some data referring to longer follow-up at 5 and 10 years as well as data concerning recent descriptions of the neurologic derangements that may underlie these behavioral effects. To evaluate whether these deficits may revert after long-term observation, a cohort of infants was re-evaluated at 5 and 10 years of age. Two studies have examined children aged 5 years who had anemia as infants using comparable tools of cognitive development showing persisting and consistent important disadvantages in those who were formerly anemic. These tests were better predictors of future achievement than psychomotor scores. These children were again examined at 10 years and showed lower school achievement and poorer fine-hand movements. Studies of neurologic maturation in a new cohort of infants aged 6 months included auditory brain stem responses and naptime 18-lead sleep studies. The central conduction time of the auditory brain stem responses was slower at 6, 12, and 18 months and at 4 years, despite iron therapy beginning at 6 months. During the sleep-wake-fulness cycle, heart-rate variability—a developmental expression of the autonomic nervous system—was less mature in anemic infants. The proposed mechanisms are altered auditory-nerve and vagal-nerve myelination, respectively, as iron is required for normal myelin synthesis.
Smoking is the dominating modifiable risk factor in younger patients with STEMI
Authors: Gleerup Hanne Bechmann , Dahm Christina C , Thim Troels , Jensen Svend Eggert , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Bøtker Hans Erik , Maeng Michael 
Published: November 2018

Aims: Smoking is an important modifiable risk factor for myocardial infarction. It is unclear whether smoking habits at the time of an incident ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) differ across age groups and sex. Methods and results: We included patients with incident STEMI registered in the Western Denmark Heart Registry from 2005 to 2015 ( n=9914). Patients were divided into four age groups (30–49, 50–59, 60–69 and ⩾70 years) with the latter serving as reference. Smoking was the most prevalent modifiable risk factor in 30–49-year-old patients (74% vs. hypertension 15%, hyperlipidaemia 10% and diabetes 7%). The smoking prevalence decreased with increasing age, while treatment for hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes increased with increasing age. Smoking was five times (odds ratio (OR) 5.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.37–6.07) more prevalent among 30–49-year-old patients with STEMI than the reference group. Differences according to sex were significant as the OR for current smoking in women was 9.88 (95% CI 6.94–14.08) compared to OR 3.78 (95% CI 3.12–4.58) in men. Conclusions: Despite public information campaigns and general warnings, smoking remains the most prevalent modifiable risk factor in younger patients with STEMI.
Factors Influencing Plastic Surgeons When Selecting New Colleagues
Authors: Oxley Paul J. , Lotto Jeremy A. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: As plastic surgeons are continuing to form larger groups, it is essential to select candidates who will contribute to a positive work environment. This article shows which traits may be the most valuable when selecting candidates and in which ways a selection committee may want to focus their search. Methods: For the study, the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons’ members answered a survey containing questions about demographics, the factors which influence the selection process, and their hiring experiences. Responses were separated and compared in groups based on gender, practice type, group size, and years practising. Significance was established if P < .05 using the χ2 test. Results: The most and least important factors regarding hiring a new group member were established. Statistically significant results were obtained between several different factors, including hiring a non-Canadian, the importance of the candidate’s professional reputation, the number of publications by the candidate, and the presence or absence of program director letters. A majority (54%) of society members regret having hired a candidate, with the vast majority of these (75%) indicating personality and work ethic issues as opposite to professional skills as the uncomplimentary feature. Conclusion: This study has identified the key features which influence hiring new candidates. The need to develop a more efficient hiring process has been identified and has highlighted the difficulty faced by Canadian plastic surgery groups when recruiting new members.
Healing Rates and Functional Outcomes After Triple-Loaded Single-Row Versus Transosseous-Equivalent Double-Row Rotator Cuff Tendon Repair
Authors: Tashjian Robert Z. , Granger Erin K. , Chalmers Peter N. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Although healing rates and outcomes of arthroscopic single-row rotator cuff repairs have been compared with double-row repairs, none have utilized triple-loaded anchors. Purpose: To compare healing and function after single-row repairs with triple-loaded anchors versus double-row repairs with a suture-bridge technique. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A single surgeon performed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair on 47 consecutive patients with an easily reducible full-thickness rotator cuff tear of medium size (1-3 cm). A retrospective cohort study was performed in which the first 25 patients underwent repair with a double-row suture-bridge (DRSB) technique. The next 22 patients underwent repair with a single-row technique with triple-loaded anchors and simple stitches (SRTL) after a change in technique by the surgeon. Twenty-one DRSB and 18 SRTL repairs were evaluated preoperatively and at a minimum of 12 months postoperatively with a visual analog scale for pain, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form, and the Simple Shoulder Test. Healing was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging at a minimum of 12 months. Results: When DRSB repairs were compared with SRTL repairs, there were no significant differences in patient age (61 vs 65 years), tear size (2.3 vs 2.1 in the sagittal plane; 2.0 vs 1.8 cm in the coronal plane), Goutallier fatty infiltration (supraspinatus grade: stage 0, 38%; stage 1, 38%; stage 2, 19%; stage 3, 5%; vs stage 0, 56%; stage 1, 39%; stage 2, 5%; stage 3, 0%), tendon healing (71% vs 78%), improvement in visual analog scale pain score (3.7 vs 3.2), or improvement in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (34.6 vs 36.9), with P > .05 in all cases. SRTL repairs had significantly greater improvement in Simple Shoulder Test scores versus DRSB repairs (6.6 vs 4.5; P = .03). Conclusion: DRSB and SRTL repairs have similar improvements in pain and function with equivalent healing rates for arthroscopic repair of mobile full-thickness rotator cuff tears of medium size (1-3 cm).
Survey on accessibility and real-life application of noninvasive ventilation
Authors: Skoczyński Szymon , Scala Raffaele , Navalesi Paolo 
Published: November 2018

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is an accepted method of respiratory failure treatment; however, at present, little is known about the global factors limiting NIV application.A survey designed to determine NIV accessibility and limiting factors in world economies and regions was developed. The questionnaire was sent to members of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly and all ERS National Delegates.Replies to the survey were collected from 161 respondents from 46 countries. NIV was found to be provided most frequently by pulmonologists and intensivists. In high-income economies (HIEs), NIV reimbursement in chronic respiratory failure treatment was found to be independent of the underlying disease and supplementary insurance (p<0.0001), whereas in upper-middle-income economies (UMIEs) it was found to be dependent on the underlying disease (p<0.0001). In chronic respiratory failure, NIV was not reimbursed in lower-middle-income economies (LMIEs) (p<0.0001). In LMIEs and UMIEs, the lack of financial resources was the main limiting factor in acute (p=0.007) and chronic respiratory failure (p<0.0001). In the income-level-based assessment, financing was recognised as relevant in LMIEs and UMIEs (p<0.0001), equipment in LMIEs and UMIEs (p=0.03), medical staff in all economies (p=0.02), and legal regulations in LMIEs (p=0.0005). It was confirmed that NIV in acute and chronic respiratory failure is reimbursed based on government regulations in UMIEs and HIEs (p<0.0001), and is not reimbursed and probably will not be reimbursed in the near future in LMIEs (p<0.0001).We conclude that financial constraints are still considered a major limiting factor for NIV use.
Repeatability of high-resolution 3D seismic data
Authors: Waage Malin , Bünz Stefan , Landrø Martin , Plaza-Faverola Andreia , Waghorn Kate A. 
Published: November 2018

High-resolution 4D (HR4D) seismic data have the potential for improving the current state-of-the-art in detecting shallow ([Formula: see text] below seafloor) subsurface changes on a very fine scale (approximately 3–6 m). Time-lapse seismic investigations commonly use conventional broadband seismic data, considered low to moderate resolution in our context. We have developed the first comprehensive time -lapse analysis of high-resolution seismic data by assessing the repeatability of P-cable 3D seismic data (approximately 30–350 Hz) with short offsets and a high density of receivers. P-cable 3D seismic data sets have for decades been used to investigate shallow fluid flow and gas-hydrate systems. We analyze P-cable high-resolution 4D (HR4D) seismic data from three different geologic settings in the Arctic Circle. The first two are test sites with no evidence of shallow subsurface fluid flow, and the third is an active seepage site. Using these sites, we evaluate the reliability of the P-cable 3D seismic technology as a time-lapse tool and establish a 4D acquisition and processing workflow. Weather, waves, tide, and acquisition-parameters such as residual shot noise are factors affecting seismic repeatability. We achieve reasonable quantitative repeatability measures in stratified marine sediments at two test locations. However, repeatability is limited in areas that have poor penetration of seismic energy through the seafloor, such as glacial moraines or rough surface topography. The 4D anomalies in the active seepage site are spatially restricted to areas of focused fluid flow and might likely indicate changes in fluid flow. This approach can thus be applied to detect migration of fluids in active leakage structures, such as gas chimneys.
Sequential Versus Combination Therapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using Fluoropyrimidines, Irinotecan, and Bevacizumab: A Randomized, Controlled Study—XELAVIRI (AIO KRK0110)
Authors: Modest Dominik Paul , Fischer von Weikersthal Ludwig , Decker Thomas , Vehling-Kaiser Ursula , Uhlig Jens , Schenk Michael , Freiberg-Richter Jens , Peuser Bettina , Denzlinger Claudio , Peveling genannt Reddemann Christina , Graeven Ullrich , Schuch Gunter , Schwaner Ingo , Stahler Arndt , Jung Andreas , Kirchner Thomas , Held Swantje , Stintzing Sebastian , Giessen-Jung Clemens , Heinemann Volker ,   on behalf of XELAVIRI/AIO KRK0110 Investigators
Published: November 2018

Purpose The XELAVIRI trial investigated the optimal treatment strategy for patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. We tested the noninferiority of initial treatment with a fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab, followed by the addition of irinotecan at first progression (arm A) versus upfront use of fluoropyrimidine plus irinotecan plus bevacizumab (arm B) in a 1:1 randomized, controlled phase III trial. Methods The primary efficacy end point was time to failure of the strategy (TFS). Given a 90% CI, a power of 70%, and a one-sided α of .05, the margin for noninferiority was set at 0.8. In the case of demonstrated noninferiority of TFS, an analysis of symptomatic toxicities during TFS would define the superior strategy. Secondary end points included the effect of molecular subgroups on efficacy parameters. Results A total of 421 randomly assigned patients (arm A: n = 212; arm B: n = 209) formed the full analysis set. Median age was 71 and 69 years, respectively. Noninferiority of TFS was not shown (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 90% CI, 0.73 to 1.02). In detail, patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type tumors benefitted from combination chemotherapy (HR, 0.61; 90% CI, 0.46 to 0.82; P = .005), whereas patients with RAS mutant tumors (HR, 1.09; 90% CI, 0.81 to 1.46; P = .58) did not (Cox model for interaction of study arm and RAS status: P = .03). Comparable results were obtained for overall survival. Conclusion Noninferiority of sequential escalation therapy compared with initial combination chemotherapy could not be demonstrated for TFS. RAS status may be important to guide therapy as treatment of patients with upfront combination therapy was clearly superior in RAS/BRAF wild-type tumors, whereas sequential escalation chemotherapy seems to provide comparable results in patients with RAS mutant tumors.
“No Such Thing as a Voice Pure and Simple”: Henry James's Elocutionary Insecurities andThe American
Authors: Vericat Fabio L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis essay proposes to consider how The American (1875) is symptomatic of Henry James's elocutionary insecurities about the demands the European nineteenth-century novel placed on the authorial voice—crucially aggravated by the American stutter that accompanied the young writer on arrival in Paris. James would, however, learn to turn such insecurities to his advantage by attending the Théâtre Français and paying close attention to the declamatory style of the melodramatic actors at a time when his first ambition had been to become a playwright. James tried his hand at playwriting from the start, adapting Daisy Miller and part of The American for the stage in the early 1880s. Back in the 1870s, heavily under the spell of melodramatic theater, James's refusal to transcribe the American accent of Christopher Newman into writing testifies his affront to the realist novel's reduction of character to idiomatic stereotypes with the author as master ventriloquist. More importantly, it led the way to the reinvention of the novel's acoustics. If traditionally subjugated by the domineering visual aesthetics of formal realism, which reduced voice to a rescindable soundtrack chained to a referential world, with James the novel itself becomes the aural experience of a textual performance in the declamatory tradition of the Théâtre Français—ultimately operatic at that. His late practice of dictation may be best understood as a kind of recitative—and justly as he learned to manage his stutter in the process. James would crucially, if perhaps reluctantly, inaugurate acousmatic abstraction as a dare for future modernist writers to see with their ears.
Preparation of Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Microflowers by Spray Method
Authors: Zhang Liying , Li Linlin , Bai Xiaojue , Xia Mingjian , Shao Lei , Wang Tieqiang , Zhang Xuemin , Li Yunong , Qi Xuan , Fu Yu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The NiCo-MOF microflowers are fabricated by a rapid spray method, which are assembled by 2D NiCo-MOF nanosheets with uniform crystal morphology and homogeneous dispersion of Ni and Co. Because of their large exposed active sites and nanoscale thickness, the NiCo-MOF microflowers exhibit good catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Protein to Maximize Whole-Body Anabolism in Resistance-trained Females after Exercise
Authors: MALOWANY JULIA M. , WEST DANIEL W. D. , WILLIAMSON ERIC , VOLTERMAN KIMBERLY A. , ABOU SAWAN SIDNEY , MAZZULLA MICHAEL , MOORE DANIEL R. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Current athlete-specific protein recommendations are based almost exclusively on research in males.

Purpose
Using the minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation technique, we determined the daily protein intake that maximizes whole-body protein synthesis (PS) and net protein balance (NB) after exercise in strength-trained females.

Methods
Eight resistance-trained females (23 ± 3.5 yr, 67.0 ± 7.7 kg, 163.3 ± 3.7 cm, 24.4% ± 6.9% body fat; mean ± SD) completed a 2-d controlled diet during the luteal phase before performing an acute bout of whole-body resistance exercise. During recovery, participants consumed eight hourly meals providing a randomized test protein intake (0.2–2.9 g·kg−1·d−1) as crystalline amino acids modeled after egg protein, with constant phenylalanine (30.5 mg·kg−1·d−1) and excess tyrosine (40.0 mg·kg−1·d−1) intakes. Steady-state whole-body phenylalanine rate of appearance (Ra), oxidation (Ox; the reciprocal of PS), and NB (PS − Ra) were determined from oral [13C] phenylalanine ingestion. Total protein oxidation was estimated from the urinary urea–creatinine ratio (U/Cr).

Results
A mixed model biphase linear regression revealed a break point (i.e., estimated average requirement) of 1.49 ± 0.44 g·kg−1·d−1 (mean ± 95% confidence interval) in Ox (r2
= 0.64) and 1.53 ± 0.32 g·kg−1·d−1 in NB (r2
= 0.65), indicating a saturation in whole-body anabolism. U/Cr increased linearly with protein intake (r2
= 0.56, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Findings from this investigation indicate that the safe protein intake (upper 95% confidence interval) to maximize anabolism and minimize protein oxidation for strength-trained females during the early ~8-h postexercise recovery period is at the upper end of the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine for athletes (i.e., 1.2–2.0 g·kg−1·d−1).
‘You're kinda passing a test’: A phenomenological study of women's experiences of breastfeeding
Authors: Spencer Rachael L , Fraser Diane M 
Published: November 2018

Background Despite an increasing research base about what helps or hinders breastfeeding, there is a dramatic drop in breastfeeding prevalence within the first 6 weeks. Aim To explore the experiences of breastfeeding women. Methods This study used interpretive phenomenology to research the experiences of 22 women who had all breastfed their youngest baby for at least 11 days. Data were collected using in-depth interviews when the women's babies were between 3-6 months of age. Thematic analysis was used to analyse findings. Findings The women described tensions and mixed messages regarding breastfeeding, and contradictions between public health messages promoting breastfeeding and the support received to continue breastfeeding. The women also described how these approaches and messages affected their breastfeeding experiences, and how they managed breastfeeding as a result. Conclusions The findings from this study revealed a patriarchal healthcare support system for breastfeeding whereby the women felt under surveillance and expected to perform to a prescribed ideal, but also a lack of support for exclusive breastfeeding after the initial postnatal period. These findings have clear implications for practice and policy.