bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US consumers’ perceptions of imperfect “ugly” produce
Authors: Yuan Jingxue Jessica , Yi Sungpo , Williams Helena A. , Park Oak-Hee 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Despite the perfect nutritional value of imperfect “ugly” produce, they are either never harvested or discarded, resulting in escalating farm-to-fork food waste problems in the USA. The purpose of this paper is to investigate US consumers’ perceptions of imperfect “ugly” produce and their willingness to purchase and consume these foods in their households.

Design/methodology/approach
Four focus group sessions with at least five voluntary participants per session were conducted. Each session used structured interview questions and the discussions were led by the same moderator. All sessions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed based on published focus group guidelines and recommendations.

Findings
The research study has revealed two categories of potential consumers, Influencers and Learners, when it comes to an initial understanding of “ugly” produce consumption. The study also identified nine themes (i.e. food safety, price sensitivity, location of sale, product display, name/label, purpose of use, fun, targeted education and food waste) that consumers hold regarding imperfect “ugly” produce.

Research limitations/implications
Insights from this study provide strategies for sustainable food management that could help stakeholders along all points of the food chain save money, reduce hunger and diminish food waste in our communities.

Originality/value
This study serves to provide preliminary insights in approaching the issue of consumers’ perception of imperfect “ugly” fruits and vegetables from a research perspective. Although a limited number of real consumers from the local community participated, their rich and in-depth qualitative responses defined the scope and the defining questions that need further exploration.
Sobol’ indices as dimension reduction technique in evolutionary-based reliability assessment
Authors: das Neves Carneiro Gonçalo , António Carlos Conceição 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
In the reliability assessment of composite laminate structures with multiple components, the uncertainty space defined around design solutions easily becomes over-dimensioned, and not all of the random variables are relevant. The purpose of this study is to implement the importance analysis theory of Sobol’ to reduce the dimension of the uncertainty space, improving the efficiency toward global convergence of evolutionary-based reliability assessment.

Design/methodology/approach
Sobol’ indices are formulated analytically for implicit structural response functions, following the theory of propagation of moments and without violating the fundamental principles presented by Sobol’. An evolutionary algorithm capable of global convergence in reliability assessment is instrumented with the Sobol’ indices. A threshold parameter is introduced to identify the important variables. A set of optimal designs of a multi-laminate composite structure is evaluated.

Findings
Importance analysis shows that uncertainty is concentrated in the laminate where the critical stress state is found. Still, it may also be reasonable in other points of the structure. An accurate and controlled reduction of the uncertainty space significantly improves the convergence rate, while maintaining the quality of the reliability assessment.

Practical implications
The theoretical developments assume independent random variables.

Originality/value
Applying Sobol’ indices as an analytical dimension reduction technique is a novelty. The proposed formulation only requires one adjoint system of equilibrium equations to be solved once. Although a local estimate of a global measure, this analytical formulation still holds because, in structural design, uncertainty is concentrated around the mean-values.
A method to evaluate credit risk for banks under PPP project finance
Authors: Wang Xiuqin , Shi Lanmin , Wang Bing , Kan Mengying 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a method that can better evaluate the credit risk (CR) under PPP project finance.

Design/methodology/approach
The principle to evaluate the CR of PPP projects is to calculate three critical indicators: the default probability (DP), the recovery rate (RR) and the exposure at default (EAD). The RR is determined by qualitative analysis according to Standard & Poor’s Recovery Scale, and the EAD is estimated by NPV analysis. The estimation of the DP is the focus of CR assessment because the future cash flow is not certain, and there are no trading records and market data that can be used to evaluate the credit condition of PPP projects before financial close. The modified CreditMetrics model and Monte Carlo simulation are applied to evaluate the DP, and the application is illustrated by a PPP project finance case.

Findings
First, the proposed method can evaluate the influence of the project’s cash flow uncertainty on the potential loss of the bank. Second, instead of outputting a certain default loss value, the method can derive an interval of the potential loss for the bank. Third, the method can effectively analyze how different repayment schedules and risk preference of banks influence the evaluating result.

Originality/value
The proposed method offers an approach for the bank to value the CR under PPP project finance. The method took into consideration of the uncertainty and other characteristics of PPP project finance, adopted and improved the CreditMetrics model, and provided a possible loss range under different project cash flow volatilities through interval estimation under certain confident level. In addition, the bank’s risk preference is considered in the CR evaluating method proposed in this study where the bank’s risk preference is first investigated in the CR evaluating process of PPP project finance.
Performance assessment for school leaders: comparing field trial and implementation results
Authors: Orr Margaret Terry , Hollingworth Liz , Beaudin Barbara 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare two years of results for one state’s performance-based assessments for principal licensure Performance Assessment for Leaders (PAL). This includes the field trial (2014–2015) and first year of statewide implementation (2015–2016) when passing score requirements and fees were added. Survey results on candidates’ career aspirations provide concurrent validation.

Design/methodology/approach
Two years of PAL submissions (n=569 candidates) were scored by trained, certified scorers. Task and total score results were compared by year, preparation pathway and gender. Online feedback survey results on career aspirations for (n=146 candidates) were compared by year.

Findings
The results show that PAL assessments measure independent dimensions of leadership, differentiate candidates on leadership knowledge and skills, and confirm PAL’s internal validity. Implementation year scores were higher than field trial scores, and preparation program candidates scored better than non-program candidates did. Candidate career aspirations were stronger in the implementation year than during the field trial.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to one state’s candidates, but findings are generalizable based on the wide range among candidates’ districts (demographically and economically).

Practical implications
The results are promising for the leadership preparation and assessment field, demonstrating the effectiveness of performance assessment for authentic evaluation of leadership candidates’ knowledge and skill and overall readiness for initial leadership work.

Originality/value
This is the first large scale performance assessment for aspiring leaders designed for state licensure decisions. It is being replicated in another state and shown promise for both formative and summative leadership assessment.
The effects of hotel employees’ CSR perceptions on trust in organization
Authors: Boğan Erhan , Dedeoğlu Bekir Bora 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating role of employees’ self-experienced social responsibility perceptions in the relationship between employees’ community- and environment-oriented social responsibility perceptions and trust in an organization.Design/methodology/approachThe corporate social responsibility (CSR) construct is examined in the context of stakeholders including the community, environment and employees. The study was carried out with 438 questionnaires gathered from four- and five-star hotels operating in Alanya, Turkey. The proposed model was tested with the partial least squares method of structural equation modeling. Multiple group analysis was performed to test the moderating effect.FindingsFindings reveal that employees’ community- and environment-oriented social responsibility perceptions have a positive effect on trust in the organization. Based on the results of multigroup analysis, the effect of employees’ community-oriented social responsibility perceptions on trust in the organization was determined to be more prominent in the group of employees with high self-experienced social responsibility perceptions. However, the same moderating effect could not be determined in relation to environment-oriented social responsibility perceptions and trust in the organization.Originality/valueStudies focusing on CSR activities were mainly examined at the macro level. Internal stakeholders’ returns to these activities were not sufficiently considered. Contrary to previous studies that examine the link between CSR perceptions measured with Carroll’s pyramid dimensions and organizational trust, the current study examined CSR perceptions with the stakeholder approach. Moreover, the study discovered one of the variables defined as the black box that differentiates the returns that employees provide to CSR activities.
Impact of hedonic motivation and corporate culture on the adoption of an information system
Authors: Beqqali Hassani Imane , Chroqui Razane , Okar Chafik , Talea Mohamed , Ouiddad Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of corporate culture (CC) and hedonic motivation (HM) on the adoption of an information system (IS) inside a Moroccan company. To do so, the authors have combined and merged the “unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2” along with the “Nguyen and Aoyama’s model” that covers the subject of CC. Later, the authors tested the research model within a Moroccan company.Design/methodology/approachIn the present work, the authors used a quantitative analysis approach. Survey data were collected through oral interviews and analysis was performed based on the “partial least square” method, over a 94 sample of direct IS users.FindingsThe findings of the present investigation demonstrate the reliability and the validity of the established measurement model. Concerning the structural model, results support all hypotheses but with different effect size. The conclusion that can be extracted from this study is that CC and HM are important factors in the adoption process within the Moroccan firm.Originality/valueThis study enhances the understanding of the major factors affecting the adoption of an IS in a developing country. While several studies on adoption have been conducted, this study’s originality and contribution lays in the examination of the rarely evaluated factors: HM and CC.
Synthesis and properties of cotton fabric functionalized by dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl group grafted graphene oxide
Authors: Xu Jia , Zhang Jingyu , Xu Jiahan , Miao Guangyuan , Feng Long , Zhang Zhanzhu , Zhang Huanxia 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Nanotechnology has been able to bind to a wide range of functional textiles in recently. This paper aims to modify graphene oxide (GO) by grafting dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl iodine. It was applied to cotton to obtain a flame-retardant, water-repellent and ultraviolet-resistant multifunctional fabric.

Design/methodology/approach
The GO-multi was synthesized by grafted dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl chain and applied to cotton by the dipping-drying method. The surface chemistry of functionalized GO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the fabric was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The combustion properties were evaluated using a microscale combustion calorimeter, match test and TGA. Hydrophobicity of film and fabric surface was characterized by static contact angle, and the UV resistance of the fabric was represented by the ultroviolet procetion factor (UPF) value.

Findings
Dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl chains were grafted on the surface of GO successively. In the match test, the GO-multi/cotton kept the original outline of the fabric. According to the micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) data, the value of PHRR and THR of GO-multi/cotton was about 45 per cent lower than that of untreated cotton fabric. It was found from the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures that the residue of GO-multi/ cotton burned by the match method was more compact and the graphene lamellar structure remained more complete. The hydrophobic effect of GO-multi/cotton was improved compared to untreated cotton, but not better than the fabric treated by the perfluorohexyl chain-grafted GO. The UPF value of GO-multi/cotton reached 253, which indicated that the anti-ultraviolet performance of GO-multi was greatly improved after it was deposited on the cotton fabric.

Research limitations/implications
Although the hydrophobic effect was much higher than that of untreated cotton fabric, its hydrophobic effect was not satisfied, which may be due to the fact that the content of F element content was low. So, it is still needed to explore the modifying method to increase the functional component amount on the GO nanosheet.

Practical implications
This modifying method can be used in any of multifunctional textile preparation process. The hydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric revealed a sample for use in outdoor sports such as clothes and tents.

Originality/value
To meet the needs of multifunctional cotton fabrics, the modification of GO with dimethyl phosphite and perfluorohexyl iodine has not been reported. The modified fabric has flame-retardant, UV-resistant and hydrophobic properties.
3D printing build orientation optimization for flexible support platform
Authors: Shen Hongyao , Ye Xiaoxiang , Xu Guanhua , Zhang Linchu , Qian Jun , Fu Jianzhong 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
During the 3D printing process, the model needs to add a support structure to ensure structural stability. Excessive support structure reduces printing efficiency and results in material cost. A flexible support platform for 3 D printing has been designed. It can form an external support structure to replace the original support structure. This paper aims to study the influence of a model’s build orientation on properties when the model is printed on the platform, aiming to provide users with suitable solutions.

Design/methodology/approach
A fitness function for estimating the support structure with a support length is constructed. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is modified and applied to find the build orientation that minimizes the support structure. However, when the model is printed on the platform, the build orientation of the minimum support structure enhances the complexity of the working path, resulting in an increase of printing time, which needs to be avoided. This paper applies a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to minimize the support structure while minimizing printing time. The Pareto solution is obtained by the algorithm.

Findings
It is found that the model that has the cantilever structure can reduce more support structure after optimization on the platform, when there is surface quality requirement. When there is no limit, the modified algorithm can minimize the support structure of each model. Considering support structure and printing time, the MOPSO algorithm can easily get optimization results to guide the practical work.

Originality/value
This paper optimizes the model’s build orientation on the flexible support platform by PSO, thereby reducing material cost and improving work efficiency.
A design approach towards sustainable buildings in Algeria
Authors: Rahmouni Sofiane , Smail Rachid 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to achieve the national strategic agenda’s criteria that aim for accomplishing sustainable buildings by estimating the effects of energy efficiency measures in order to reduce energy consumption and CO2emission.Design/methodology/approachA design approach has been developed based on simulation software and a modeled building. Therefore, a typical office building is considered for testing five efficiency measures in three climatic conditions in Algeria. This approach is conducted in two phases: first, the analysis of each measure’s effect is independently carried out in terms of cooling energy and heating energy intensities. Then, a combination of optimal measures for each climate zone is measured in terms of three sustainable indicators: final energy consumption, energy cost saving and CO2emission.FindingsThe results reveal that a combination of optimal measures has a substantial impact on building energy saving and CO2emission. This saving can rise to 41 and 31 percent in a hot and cold climate, respectively. Furthermore, it is concluded that obtaining higher building performance, different design alternatives should be adapted to the climate proprieties and the local construction materials must be applied.Originality/valueThis study is considered as an opportunity for achieving the national strategy, as it may contribute in improving office building performance and demonstrating a suitable tool to assist stakeholders in the decision making of most important parameters in the design stage for new or retrofit buildings.
Context dependency of top‐down, bottom‐up and density‐dependent influences on cheetah demography
Authors: Gigliotti Laura C. , Slotow Rob , Hunter Luke T. B. , Fattebert Julien , Sholto‐Douglas Craig , Jachowski David S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Research on drivers of demographic rates has mostly focused on top predators and their prey, and comparatively less research has considered the drivers of mesopredator demography. Of those limited studies, most focused on top‐down effects of apex predators on mesopredator population dynamics, whereas studies investigating alternative mechanisms are less common.

In this study, we tested hypotheses related to top‐down, bottom‐up and density‐dependent regulation of demographic rates in an imperilled mesopredator, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).

We used a 25‐year dataset of lion density, cheetah density and prey density from the Mun‐Ya‐Wana Conservancy in South Africa and assessed the effects of top‐down, bottom‐up and density‐dependent drivers on cheetah survival and reproduction.

In contrast to the top‐down and bottom‐up predictions, both adult and juvenile cheetahs experienced the lowest survival during months with high prey densities and low lion densities. We observed support only for a density‐dependent response in juvenile cheetahs, where they had a higher probability of reaching independence during times with low cheetah density and low prey density. We did not identify any strong drivers of litter size.

Collectively, our results indicate that high apex predator abundance might not always have negative effects on mesopredator populations, and suggest that context dependency in top‐down, bottom‐up and density‐dependent factors may regulate demographic rates of cheetahs and other mesopredators. Our results highlight the complexities of population‐level drivers of cheetah demographic rates and the importance of considering multiple hypotheses of mesopredator population regulation.
Influence of Muzzle Instability on Bullet Deflection after Perforating Laminated Particleboards
Authors: Kerkhoff Wim , Alberink Ivo , van der Ham Koen C.J.M. , Mattijssen Erwin J.A.T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe influence of muzzle instability on bullet deflection, when perforating laminated particleboards, was studied with three different handgun bullet types. The mean deflection angles of .32 Auto FMJ and .38 Special SJHP bullets were calculated to be 0.90° and 0.83°, respectively after perforating particleboards orthogonally at a 1 m muzzle‐to‐target distance. The mean angles dropped to 0.70° and 0.58° at a 15 m muzzle‐to‐target distance. The differences in deflection angles proved to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) with p‐values of 0.023 and 0.001, respectively. The mean calculated deflection angles of .38 Special LRN bullets also dropped from 1.51° to 1.38° when the muzzle‐to‐target distance was increased from 1 to 15 m, but this difference was not significant (p‐value of 0.357). The results support the hypothesis that muzzle instability has an influence on deflection. The possible implications for shooting incident reconstructions and for future research are discussed.
Volatile Organic Compound Profiling from Postmortem Microbes using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cernosek Terezie , Eckert Kevin E. , Carter David O. , Perrault Katelynn A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are by‐products of cadaveric decomposition and are responsible for the odor associated with decomposing remains. The direct link between VOC production and individual postmortem microbes has not been well characterized experimentally. The purpose of this study was to profile VOCs released from three postmortem bacterial isolates (Bacillus subtilis, Ignatzschineria indica, I. ureiclastica) using solid‐phase microextraction arrow (SPME Arrow) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Species were inoculated in headspace vials on Standard Nutrient Agar and monitored over 5 days at 24°C. Each species exhibited a different VOC profile that included common decomposition VOCs. VOCs exhibited upward or downward temporal trends over time. Ignatzschineria indica produced a large amount of dimethyldisulfide. Other compounds of interest included alcohols, aldehydes, aromatics, and ketones. This provides foundational data to link decomposition odor with specific postmortem microbes to improve understanding of underlying mechanisms for decomposition VOC production.