bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study investigating the in vitro efficacy of sucralfate against common veterinary cutaneous pathogens
Authors: Yen T. , Boord M. J. , Ghubash R. , Blondeau J. M. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether Cicalfate® (Avene), a commercially available skin cream, or its active ingredient – sucralfate – demonstrate in vitro antimicrobial effect against common veterinary cutaneous pathogens.Materials and MethodsProspective study assessing in vitro susceptibility of standardised and clinical strains of common veterinary cutaneous pathogens to titrated concentrations of sucralfate in either saline solution (range 0∙2 to 200 mg/mL) or in Cicalfate® restorative cream solubilised in DMSO (range 0∙002 to 1 mg/mL). Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth dilution in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.
ResultsBoth solutions demonstrated in vitro inhibitory effects against strains of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Minimum inhibitory concentration ranges for susceptible bacteria tested in Cicalfate® solution and sucralfate solution were 0∙06 to 0∙25 mg/mL and 25 to 50 mg/mL, respectively. Sucralfate solution did not demonstrate antimicrobial effects against laboratory strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis and neither solution demonstrated antimicrobial effects against the clinical strain of P. aeruginosa. For organisms inhibited by sucralfate, Cicalfate® solution inhibited growth at lower sucralfate concentrations than sucralfate solution.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this pilot study suggest that Cicalfate® and sucralfate demonstrate in vitro antibacterial activity. Further in vitro and clinical studies are warranted to confirm these observations and determine their clinical utility in the treatment of superficial pyoderma.
A new understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of colonic motility?
Authors: Dinning P. G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, high‐resolution manometry has been used in an attempt to gain a greater insight into the physiology/pathophysiology of colonic contractile activity in healthy adults and patients with colonic motility disorders. New colonic motor patterns have been identified and characterized, however, the clinical significance of these findings remains undetermined.PurposeThis review will assess the current literature on colonic high‐resolution manometry and determine if this procedure has advanced our understanding of colonic motility. The limitations, future directions, and the potential of this technique to assess the effects of treatment upon colonic motor patterns will also be discussed.
Technical report: Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of regional gastrointestinal transit times measured using the 3D‐Transit electromagnet tracking system
Authors: Kalsi G. K. , Grønlund D. , Martin J. , Drewes A. M. , Scott S. M. , Birch M. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe 3D‐Transit electromagnet tracking system is an emerging tool for the ambulatory assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) transit times and motility patterns, based on the anatomical localization of ingestible electromagnetic capsules. Currently, 3D‐Transit recordings are manually analyzed to extract GI transit times. As this is a subjective method, there is some inherent variability in the measurements, which may be experience‐dependent. We therefore assessed inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of GI transit times from 3D‐Transit recordings.MethodsThirty‐six 3D‐Transit recordings (17 female; median age: 34 years [range: 21–80]) were analyzed twice by 3 raters with varying experience. Each rater manually identified the timestamps when a capsule progressed from antrum to duodenum, and from ileum to right colon. These timestamps, along with the ingestion and expulsion times, were used to determine whole gut (WGTT), gastric emptying (GET), small intestinal (SITT) and colonic (CTT) transit times. Reliability was determined using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Key ResultsFor capsule progression timestamps, the most and mid‐experienced raters had fair to good inter‐ and excellent intra‐rater reliability (ICCmin‐max = 0.61‐1.00), whereas the inexperienced rater had poor to fair inter‐ and poor intra‐rater reliability (ICCmin‐max = 0.28‐0.55). GET and SITT reliability between the most and mid‐experienced raters was fair (ICCmin‐max = 0.61‐0.73), while reliability between these raters and the inexperienced rater was poor to fair (ICCmin‐max = 0.28‐0.55). CTT reliability was excellent between and within all raters (ICCmin‐max = 0.92‐0.99).Conclusions & InferencesInexperienced raters provide the least reliable measurements from 3D‐Transit recordings, which confirms requirement for adequate training. Automation may improve the reliability of measurements.
TRPM8, ASIC1, and ASIC3 localization and expression in the human oropharynx
Authors: Alvarez‐Berdugo D. , Rofes L. , Casamitjana J. F. , Enrique A. , Chamizo J. , Viña C. , Pollán C. M. , Clavé P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundOropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a prevalent disease with poor prognosis among older people and has no pharmacological treatment. Polymodal sensory receptors like the TRP or ASIC family receptors are potential targets to treat OD. TRPM8 agonists and acidic solutions can improve the swallow response in patients with OD, but little is known about the expression of TRPM8, ASIC1, and ASIC3 in the human oropharynx. The aim of this study was to assess the expression and localization of TRPM8, ASIC1, and ASIC3 in human samples of the oropharynx to lay the basis for new pharmacological treatments for OD.MethodsPathology‐free samples from oropharyngeal regions innervated by cranial nerves V, IX, and X were obtained during major ENT surgery and processed to obtain mRNA (20 patients) or to be used in immunohistochemical assays (12 patients). TRPM8, ASIC1, and ASIC3 expression and localization were studied with RT‐qPCR and fluorescent immunohistochemistry.Key ResultsASIC3 was expressed in the 3 regions studied with similar levels and was localized on sensory fibers innervating the mucosa below the basal lamina of all studied regions. TRPM8 was also co‐localized on the sensory fibers innervating the mucosa below the basal lamina of all studied regions. In contrast, ASIC1 was only found in the nerves innervating the tongue muscular fibers.Conclusions & InferencesTRPM8 and ASIC3 are found on submucosal sensory nerves in the human oropharynx. Our study lays the basis to use oropharyngeal TRPM8 and ASIC3 receptors as therapeutic targets to develop new active pharmacological treatments for OD patients.
Preclinical evaluation of the effects on the gastrointestinal tract of the antineoplastic drug vincristine repeatedly administered to rats
Authors: López‐Gómez L. , Díaz‐Ruano S. , Girón R. , López‐Pérez A. E. , Vera G. , Herradón Pliego E. , López‐Miranda V. , Nurgali K. , Martín‐Fontelles M. I. , Uranga J. A. , Abalo R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundVincristine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. It is associated with undesirable digestive side effects. However, the impact of vincristine on gastrointestinal structure and motility or its long‐term effects have not been deeply studied in animal models. This could be useful in order to develop therapeutic or preventive strategies for cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyze such effects.MethodsRats received saline or vincristine (0.1 mg kg−1, ip) daily for 10 days. Evaluations were performed during treatment and 2‐6 weeks after. Somatic mechano‐sensitivity was assessed using von Frey hairs. Gastrointestinal motor function was studied by means of radiographic still images and colonic propulsion of fecal pellets using fluoroscopy videos. Histological assessment of the gut morphology and immunohistochemistry for HuC/D and nNOS were performed in whole‐mount myenteric plexus preparations.Key ResultsPeripheral sensitivity was increased in animals treated with vincristine and did not subside 2 weeks after treatment finalization. Vincristine treatment inhibited gastrointestinal motility although this was recovered to normal values with time. Damage in the digestive wall after vincristine treatment was greater in the ileum than in the colon. Villi shortening (in ileum) and large inflammatory nodules still remained 2 weeks after treatment finalization. Finally, the proportion of nNOS‐immunoreactive neurons was increased with vincristine and continued to be increased 2 weeks after treatment finalization.Conclusions and InferencesVincristine alters gastrointestinal motility, peripheral sensitivity and mucosal architecture. Vincristine‐induced neuropathy (somatic and enteric), intestinal mucosa damage and inflammatory infiltrations are relatively long‐lasting.
Isoprene emission structures tropical tree biogeography and community assembly responses to climate
Authors: Taylor Tyeen C. , McMahon Sean M. , Smith Marielle N. , Boyle Brad , Violle Cyrille , van Haren Joost , Simova Irena , Meir Patrick , Ferreira Leandro V. , de Camargo Plinio B. , da Costa Antonio C. L. , Enquist Brian J. , Saleska Scott R. 
Published: July 2018

Summary

The prediction of vegetation responses to climate requires a knowledge of how climate‐sensitive plant traits mediate not only the responses of individual plants, but also shifts in the species and functional compositions of whole communities. The emission of isoprene gas – a trait shared by one‐third of tree species – is known to protect leaf biochemistry under climatic stress. Here, we test the hypothesis that isoprene emission shapes tree species compositions in tropical forests by enhancing the tolerance of emitting trees to heat and drought.

Using forest inventory data, we estimated the proportional abundance of isoprene‐emitting trees (pIE) at 103 lowland tropical sites. We also quantified the temporal composition shifts in three tropical forests – two natural and one artificial – subjected to either anomalous warming or drought.

Across the landscape, pIE increased with site mean annual temperature, but decreased with dry season length. Through time, pIE strongly increased under high temperatures, and moderately increased following drought.

Our analysis shows that isoprene emission is a key plant trait determining species responses to climate. For species adapted to seasonal dry periods, isoprene emission may tradeoff with alternative strategies, such as leaf deciduousness. Community selection for isoprene‐emitting species is a potential mechanism for enhanced forest resilience to climatic change.
Oral tuberculosis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Shanahan D. , Staines K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOral tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious granulomatous disease that can present with ulceration in the oral cavity. This article presents a case of reactivated TB which presented as a painful oral ulcer in a patient on immunosuppressive medication. It is important for clinicians to be aware of TB when considering a differential diagnosis for oral ulceration, especially in patients who have been prescribed biological agents or other immunosuppressive medications. A delay in the diagnosis can have serious consequences to both the individual and the wider community.
A Latent Variable Modelling Approach for The Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data on The Association between Depression and Chlamydia Infection in Adolescence and Young Adulthood in the UK
Authors: Koukounari Artemis , Copas Andrew J. , Pickles Andrew 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite the increasing evidence of association between chlamydia infection and depression, currently there is a paucity of research with limited scope to understand better the temporal nature of the relationship between them. We consider this problem in adolescence and young adulthood by pooled analysis of 7250 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. We propose a latent variable modelling approach which can handle harmonization of categorical variables including ordinal measures from the two studies as well as measurement error and time trends.
Management of cervical root fracture injury in a patient with epilepsy: Case report with 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Ataol Elif , Erbaş Ünverdi Gizem , Güngör Hamdi Cem 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe difficulty in providing stability to the coronal segment makes cervical root fracture one of the most challenging dental traumatic injury. This type of injury is less frequent in children. However, due to their serious consequences and poor prognosis, tooth loss may occur. This report presents the management of a case of cervical root fracture in an 11‐year‐old patient with epilepsy. The stabilization of the root‐fractured tooth with a splint failed due to the recurrent seizures the patient had. Coronal fragment was removed and vital root submergence was performed in order to support the alveolar growth. The natural tooth crown was incorporated into a modified Nance appliance to meet the esthetic and functional requirements of the patient. After 5‐year follow‐up, this treatment approach has seemed to offer a long‐term provisional and satisfactory solution to the consequences of a cervical root fracture injury.
Transcription factor c‐Maf is essential for IL‐10 gene expression in B cells
Authors: Liu Min , Zhao Xiaoqi , Ma Yunfeng , Zhou Yan , Deng Ming , Ma Yonggang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐10 is an essential anti‐inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. c‐Maf has been suggested as an essential transcriptional factor for IL‐10 production in CD4+ T cells and macrophages. However, it remains unclear whether c‐Maf participates in IL‐10 expression in B cells. In this study, we investigated the role of c‐Maf in the transcriptional regulation of IL‐10 in regulatory B cells, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that c‐Maf was constitutively expressed in resting B cells. c‐Maf expression was upregulated in the presence of LPS and dose‐dependently enhanced IL‐10 production following binding to the IL‐10 promoter. Moreover, a lower expression of c‐Maf and decreased production of regulatory B (Breg) cells were detected in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA), which may contribute to the pathological changes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that c‐Maf is an indispensable yet constitutive transcription factor for IL‐10 gene expression in LPS‐activated B cells.
Whole‐body biomechanical differences between limbs exist 9 months after ACL reconstruction across jump/landing tasks
Authors: King Enda , Richter Chris , Franklyn‐Miller Andy , Daniels Katherine , Wadey Ross , Moran Ray , Strike Siobhan 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionPrevious studies examining jump tasks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have focused on performance measures without examining joint kinematic and kinetic variables. The aim of this study was to identify differences in biomechanical and performance measures between limbs across tests 9 months after surgery.MethodsFour jump tests (double‐leg drop jump (DLDJ), single‐leg drop jump (SLDJ), single‐leg hop for distance (SLHD) and hurdle hop (HH)) were carried out on 156 male subjects in a 3D motion capture laboratory 9 months after surgery. Statistical parametric mapping was used to identify differences in jump performance and biomechanical variables between limbs.ResultsBiomechanical measures were lower on the ACLR side across all four tests for internal knee valgus moment (effect size (ES) 0.77‐0.92), knee internal rotation angle (ES 0.59‐0.8), and ankle external rotation moment (ES 0.59‐0.73), with the center of mass less posterior to the knee during the single‐leg tests (ES 0.61‐0.82). The timing of the largest difference between limbs was not at the same % stance between variables within a test or for any variable across tests. Large ES differences were observed in performance in the SLDJ (ES 0.73‐0.81; LSI 78%) and small differences in the SLHD (ES 0.36; LSI 94%) between the limbs.ConclusionFindings highlighted biomechanical differences between limbs which are consistent across jump tasks suggesting insufficient rehabilitation at 9 months post surgery. Results indicate that the SLDJ may identify greater performance deficits between limbs than SLHD, which may over‐estimate rehabilitation status.
Transporters MRP1 and MRP2 Regulate Opposing Inflammatory Signals To Control Transepithelial Neutrophil Migration during Streptococcus pneumoniae Lung Infection
Authors: Zukauskas Andrew , Mrsny Randall J. , Cortés Barrantes Paula , Turner Jerrold R. , Leong John M. , McCormick Beth A. 
Published: July 2018

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a Gram-positive bacterium that normally inhabits the human nasopharynx asymptomatically. However, it is also a major cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. The transition from pneumonia to bacteremia is critical, as patients that develop septicemia have ~20% mortality rates. Previous studies have shown that while neutrophils, a major bacterium-induced leukocyte, aid inS. pneumoniaeelimination, they also contribute to pathology and may mediate the lung-to-blood passage of the bacteria. Herein, we show that epithelium-derived MRP1 and MRP2 efflux immunomodulatory agents that assist in controlling passage of neutrophils during infection and that limiting neutrophil infiltration produced less bacteremia and better survival during murine infection. The importance of our work is twofold: ours is the first to identify an MRP1/MRP2 axis of neutrophil control in the lung. The second is to provide possible therapeutic targets to reduce excess inflammation, thus reducing the chances of developing bacteremia during pneumococcal pneumonia.
Performance of verbal autopsy methods in estimating HIV-associated mortality among adults in South Africa
Authors: Karat Aaron S , Maraba Noriah , Tlali Mpho , Charalambous Salome , Chihota Violet N , Churchyard Gavin J , Fielding Katherine L , Hanifa Yasmeen , Johnson Suzanne , McCarthy Kerrigan M , Kahn Kathleen , Chandramohan Daniel , Grant Alison D 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionVerbal autopsy (VA) can be integrated into civil registration and vital statistics systems, but its accuracy in determining HIV-associated causes of death (CoD) is uncertain. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of VA questions in determining HIV status and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and compared HIV-associated mortality fractions assigned by different VA interpretation methods.MethodsUsing the WHO 2012 instrument with added ART questions, VA was conducted for deaths among adults with known HIV status (356 HIV positive and 103 HIV negative) in South Africa. CoD were assigned using physician-certified VA (PCVA) and computer-coded VA (CCVA) methods and compared with documented HIV status.ResultsThe sensitivity of VA questions in detecting HIV status and ART initiation was 84.3% (95% CI 80 to 88) and 91.0% (95% CI 86 to 95); 283/356 (79.5%) HIV-positive individuals were assigned HIV-associated CoD by PCVA, 166 (46.6%) by InterVA-4.03, 201 (56.5%) by InterVA-5, and 80 (22.5%) and 289 (81.2%) by SmartVA-Analyze V.1.1.1 and V.1.2.1. Agreement between PCVA and older CCVA methods was poor (chance-corrected concordance [CCC] <0; cause-specific mortality fraction [CSMF] accuracy ≤56%) but better between PCVA and updated methods (CCC 0.21–0.75; CSMF accuracy 65%–98%). All methods were specific (specificity 87% to 96%) in assigning HIV-associated CoD.ConclusionAll CCVA interpretation methods underestimated the HIV-associated mortality fraction compared with PCVA; InterVA-5 and SmartVA-Analyze V.1.2.1 performed better than earlier versions. Changes to VA methods and classification systems are needed to track progress towards targets for reducing HIV-associated mortality,
Ethnic variation in unexplained deaths in infancy, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), England and Wales 2006–2012: national birth cohort study using routine data
Authors: Kroll Mary E , Quigley Maria A , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Dattani Nirupa , Li Yangmei , Hollowell Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundUnexplained deaths in infancy comprise ‘sudden infant death syndrome’ (SIDS) and deaths without ascertained cause. They are typically sleep-related, perhaps triggered by unsafe sleep environments. Preterm birth may increase risk, and varies with ethnicity. We aimed to compare ethnic-specific rates of unexplained infant death, explore sociodemographic explanations for ethnic variation, and examine the role of preterm birth.MethodsWe analysed routine data for 4.6 million live singleton births in England and Wales 2006–2012, including seven non-White ethnic groups ranging in size from 29 313 (Mixed Black-African-White) to 180 265 (Pakistani). We calculated rates, birth-year-adjusted ORs, and effects of further adjustments on the χ2for ethnic variation.ResultsThere were 1559 unexplained infant deaths. Crude rates per 1000 live singleton births were as follows: 0.1–0.2 for Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, White Non-British, Black African; 0.4 for White British; 0.6–0.7 for Mixed Black-African-White, Mixed Black-Caribbean-White, Black Caribbean. Birth-year-adjusted ORs relative to White British ranged from 0.38 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.60) for Indian babies to 1.73 (1.21 to 2.47) for Black Caribbean (χ2(10 df)=113.6, p<0.0005). Combined adjustment for parents’ marital/registration status and mother’s country of birth (UK/non-UK) attenuated the ethnic variation. Adjustments for gestational age at birth, maternal age and area deprivation made little difference.ConclusionSubstantial ethnic disparity in risk of unexplained infant death exists in England and Wales. Apparently not attributable to preterm birth or area deprivation, this may reflect cultural differences in infant care. Further research into infant-care practices in low-risk ethnic groups might enable more effective prevention of such deaths in the general population.
Larger ACE 68 aspiration catheter increases first-pass efficacy of ADAPT technique
Authors: Delgado Almandoz Josser E , Kayan Yasha , Wallace Adam N , Tarrel Ronald M , Fease Jennifer L , Scholz Jill Marie , Milner Anna M , Roohani Pezhman , Mulder Maximilian , Young Mark L 
Published: July 2018

PurposeTo report the efficacy of A Direct Aspiration first-Pass Thrombectomy (ADAPT) technique with larger-bore ACE aspiration catheters as first-line treatment for anterior circulation emergent large vessel occlusions (ELVOs), and assess for the presence of a first-pass effect with ADAPT.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 152 consecutive patients with anterior circulation ELVOs treated with the ADAPT technique as first-line treatment using ACE60, 64, or 68 at our institution. Baseline characteristics, procedural variables, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days were recorded.ResultsFifty-seven patients were treated with ACE60 (37.5%), 35 with ACE64 (23%), and 60 with ACE68 (39.5%). Median groin puncture to reperfusion time was 30 min with ACE60, 26 min with ACE64, and 19.5 min with ACE68. Successful reperfusion after the first ADAPT pass was 33% with ACE60 and 53% with ACE68 (P=0.04). The stent-retriever rescue rate was 26% with ACE60, 3% with ACE64, and 10% with ACE68 (P=0.004). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, use of the ACE68 aspiration catheter was an independent predictor of successful reperfusion after the first ADAPT pass (P=0.016, OR1.67, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.54), and successful reperfusion after the first ADAPT pass was an independent predictor of good clinical outcome at 90 days (P=0.0004, OR6.2, 95% CI 2.27 to 16.8).ConclusionUse of the larger-bore ACE 68 aspiration catheter was associated with shorter groin puncture to reperfusion time, higher rate of successful reperfusion after the first ADAPT pass, and lower rate of stent-retriever rescue. Further, a first-pass effect was demonstrated in our ADAPT patient cohort.