bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant “deep connectivity” in autism: A cortico–subcortical functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Maximo Jose O. , Kana Rajesh K. 
Published: January 2019

The number of studies examining functional brain networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has risen over the last decade and has characterized ASD as a disorder of altered brain connectivity. However, these studies have focused largely on cortical structures, and only a few studies have examined cortico–subcortical connectivity in regions like thalamus and basal ganglia in ASD. The goal of this study was to characterize the functional connectivity between cortex and subcortical regions in ASD using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE‐II). Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were used from 168 typically developing (TD) and 138 ASD participants across different sites from the ABIDE II dataset. Functional connectivity of basal ganglia and thalamus to unimodal and supramodal networks was examined in this study. Overconnectivity (ASD > TD) was found between unimodal (except for medial visual network) and subcortical regions, and underconnectivity (TD > ASD) was found between supramodal (except for default mode and dorsal attention networks) and subcortical regions; positive correlations between ASD phenotype and unimodal–subcortical connectivity were found and negative ones with supramodal–subcortical connectivity. These findings suggest that brain networks heavily involved in sensory processing had higher connectivity with subcortical regions, whereas those involved in higher‐order thinking showed decreased connectivity in ASD. In addition, brain–behavior correlations indicated a relationship between ASD phenotype and connectivity. Thus, differences in cortico–subcortical connectivity may have a significant impact on basic and higher‐order cognitive processes in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 384–400 © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study focused on examining the functional connectivity (synchronization of brain activity across regions) of two types of brain networks (unimodal and supramodal) with subcortical areas (thalamus and basal ganglia) in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how this relates to ASD phenotype. ASD participants showed overconnectivity in unimodal networks and underconnectivity in supramodal networks. These findings provide new insights into cortico–subcortical connections between basic sensory and high‐order cognitive processes.
The role of gibberellin synthase geneGhGA2ox1in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) responses to drought and salt stress
Authors: Shi Jian‐Bin , Wang Ning , Zhou Hong , Xu Qing‐Hua , Yan Gen‐Tu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGibberellins (GAs) is one kind of important endogenous hormone in plants that regulates vegetative and reproductive growth of plants.GA2oxis a class of oxidase that plays a regulatory role in the third stage of GAs synthesis. In this paper, we cloned theGhGA2ox1gene from an upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. var. CCRI49). The results showed that the CDS ofGhGA2ox1is 996 bp, which encode 331 amino acids, which has high homology withGhGA2ox2andNtGA2ox1. The quantitative real‐time PCR showed that under the conditions of salt and drought stress, the expression ofGhGA2ox1had a higher upregulation in root, stem, and leaf of transgenic plant, compared with non‐transgenic plant. Cotton plant that overexpressed theGhGA2ox1gene showed higher drought and salt tolerance than non‐transgenic cotton plant, and these results were supported by data of higher free proline, chlorophyll, and relative water content in transgenic plant compared with control plant. The expression level of antiretroviral genes, includingGhEREB2,GhDREB1,GhWRKY5, andGhP5CS, was upregulated to varying degrees in transgenic plant. The above results indicate that overexpressedGhGA2ox1gene can increases the tolerance to respond to drought and salt stress in upland cotton.
Random main effects of treatment: A case study with a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Senn Stephen , Schmitz Susanne , Schritz Anna , Salah Samir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIf the number of treatments in a network meta‐analysis is large, it may be possible and useful to model the main effect of treatment as random, that is to say as random realizations from a normal distribution of possible treatment effects. This then constitutes a third sort of random effect that may be considered in connection with such analyses. The first and most common models treatment‐by‐trial interaction as being random and the second, rather rarer, models the main effects of trial as being random and thus permits the recovery of intertrial information. Taking the example of a network meta‐analysis of 44 similar treatments in 10 trials, we illustrate how a hierarchical approach to modeling a random main effect of treatment can be used to produce shrunk (toward the overall mean) estimates of effects for individual treatments. As a related problem, we also consider the issue of using a random‐effect model for the within‐trial variances from trial to trial. We provide a number of possible graphical representations of the results and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach.
Mixed-methods assessment of surgical capacity in two regions in Ethiopia
Authors: Iverson K R , Garringer K , Ahearn O , Alidina S , Citron I , Esseye S , Teshome A , Mukhopadhyay S , Burssa D ,   Safe Surgery 2020 Collaborators, Mengistu A , Ashengo T , Meara J G , Barash D , Drown L , Kuchuckhidze S , Reynolds C , Joshua B , Barringer E , Skeels A , Shrime M G , Gultie T , Sharma S , Geiger J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Surgery is among the most neglected parts of healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries. Ethiopia has launched a national strategic plan to address challenges in the surgical system. This study aimed to assess surgical capacity in two Ethiopian regions to inform priority areas for improvement.

Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted using two tools adapted from the Lancet Commission's Surgical Assessment Tools: a quantitative Hospital Assessment Tool and a qualitative semistructured interview tool. Fifteen hospitals selected by the Federal Ministry of Health were surveyed in the Tigray and Amhara regions to assess the surgical system across five domains: service delivery, infrastructure, workforce, information management and financing.

Results
Service delivery was low across hospitals with a mean(s.d.) of 5(6) surgical cases per week and a narrow range of procedures performed. Hospitals reported varying availability of basic infrastructure, including constant availability of electricity (9 of 15) and running water (5 of 15). Unavailable or broken diagnostic equipment was also common. The majority of surgical and anaesthesia services were provided by non-physician clinicians, with little continuing education available. All hospitals tracked patient-level data regularly and eight of 15 hospitals reported surgical volume data during the assessment, but research activities were limited. Hospital financing specified for surgery was rare and the majority of patients must pay out of pocket for care.

Conclusion
Results from this study will inform programmes to simultaneously improve each of the health system domains in Ethiopia; this is required if better access to and quality of surgery, anaesthesia and obstetric services are to be achieved.
Implementation and evaluation of nationwide scale-up of the Surgical Safety Checklist
Authors: White M C , Randall K , Capo-Chichi N F E , Sodogas F , Quenum S , Wright K , Close K L , Russ S , Sevdalis N , Leather A J M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist improves surgical outcomes, but evidence and theoretical frameworks for successful implementation in low-income countries remain lacking. Based on previous research in Madagascar, a nationwide checklist implementation in Benin was designed and evaluated longitudinally.

Methods
This study had a longitudinal embedded mixed-methods design. The well validated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to structure the approach and evaluate the implementation. Thirty-six hospitals received 3-day multidisciplinary training and 4-month follow-up. Seventeen hospitals were sampled purposively for evaluation at 12–18 months. The primary outcome was sustainability of checklist use at 12–18 months measured by questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were CFIR-derived implementation outcomes, measured using the WHO Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (WHOBARS), safety questionnaires and focus groups.

Results
At 12–18 months, 86·0 per cent of participants (86 of 100) reported checklist use compared with 31·1 per cent (169 of 543) before training and 88·8 per cent (158 of 178) at 4 months. There was high-fidelity use (median WHOBARS score 5·0 of 7; use of basic safety processes ranged from 85·0 to 99·0 per cent), and high penetration shown by a significant improvement in hospital safety culture (adapted Human Factors Attitude Questionnaire scores of 76·7, 81·1 and 82·2 per cent before, and at 4 and 12–18 months after training respectively; P &lt; 0·001). Acceptability, adoption, appropriateness and feasibility scored 9·6–9·8 of 10. This approach incorporated 31 of 36 CFIR implementation constructs successfully.

Conclusion
This study shows successfully sustained nationwide checklist implementation using a validated implementation framework.
Determination of a novel antifibrotic small molecule GDC‐3280 in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to support its first‐in‐human clinical trial
Authors: Wang Jianshuang , Van Parys Michael , Pan Lin , Chen Yuan , Cheung Dorothy , McKnight Janine , Milanowski Dennis , Ding Xiao , Dean Brian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA specific and robust LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of GDC‐3280 in human plasma and urine. The nonspecific binding associated with urine samples was overcome by the addition of CHAPS. The sample volume was 25 μL for either matrix, and supported liquid extraction was employed for analyte extraction. d6‐GDC‐3280 was used as the internal standard. Linear standard curves (R2 > 0.9956) were established from 5.00 to 5000 ng/mL in both matrices with quantitation extended to 50,000 ng/mL through dilution. In plasma matrix, the precision (RSD) ranged from 1.5 to 9.9% (intra‐run) and from 2.4 to 7.2% (inter‐run); the accuracy (RE) ranged from 96.1 to 107% (intra‐run) and from 96.7 to 104% (inter‐run). Similarly, in urine the precision was 1.5–6.2% (intra‐run) and 1.9–6.1% (inter‐run); the accuracy was 83.1–99.3% (intra‐run) and 87.1–98.3% (inter‐run). Good recovery (>94%) and negligible matrix effect were achieved in both matrices. Long‐term matrix stability was established for at least 703 days in plasma and 477 days in urine. Bench‐top stability of 25 h and five freeze–thaw cycles were also confirmed in both matrices. The method was successfully implemented in GDC‐3280's first‐in‐human trial for assessing its pharmacokinetic profiles.
A Modular Ligation Strategy for Asymmetric Bivalent Nucleosomes Trimethylated at K36 and K27
Authors: Guidotti Nora , Lechner Carolin C. , Bachmann Andreas L. , Fierz Beat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn nature, individual histones in the same nucleosome can carry identical (symmetric) or different (asymmetric) post‐translational modification (PTM) patterns, increasing the combinatorial complexity. Embryonic stem cells exhibit “bivalent” nucleosomes, some of which are marked by an asymmetric arrangement of H3K36me3 (an activating PTM) and H3K27me3 (a repressive PTM). Here we describe a modular synthetic method to access such asymmetrically modified nucleosomes and show that H3K36me3 inhibits the activity of the methyltransferase PRC2 locally while still prolonging its chromatin binding time.
Discharge disposition of older patients undergoing trans‐catheter aortic valve replacement and its impact on survival
Authors: Okoh Alexis K. , Haik Nicky , Singh Swaiman , Kaur Komalpreet , Fugar Setri , Cohen Marc , Haik Bruce , Chen Chunguang , Russo Mark J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are likely to be discharged to a location other than home. We aimed to assess the association between discharge disposition after TAVR and patient survival at 1 year.MethodsPatients admitted from home and survived till discharge after TAVR were divided into two groups based on discharge disposition (home discharge vs. non‐home discharge). Pre‐operative factors predicting the odds of not being discharged home were identified by using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Study patients were matched one‐to‐one via a propensity scoring method. Differences in procedural outcomes were compared. Survival of both unmatched and matched pairs was evaluated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method with the Kleine‐Moesch‐Berger stratified log‐rank test.ResultsOut of 1,160 TAVR patients, 851 were admitted from home and survived till discharge. The incidence non‐home discharge was 19% (n = 159). Factors that were significantly associated with non‐home discharge were older age, non‐transfemoral approach, female sex, frailty status, history of chronic lung disease, pacemaker placement and insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. One‐to‐one propensity score matching resulted in 141 patient pairs with similar age, operative risk, frailty and functional status. At 1‐year follow‐up, all‐cause mortality rates were significantly higher in the non‐home group than their home counterparts (18% vs. 3%, P = 0.006; stratified log rank test: P = 0.006).ConclusionsA considerable number of TAVR patients are discharged to a location other than home after the procedure. Not being discharged home after TAVR is associated with a high mortality risk at 1 year.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia presenting as recurrent spinal myeloid sarcomas 3 years before developing leukemia: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Yamashita Tomoko , Nishijima Akihiko , Noguchi Yuma , Narukawa Kensuke , Oshikawa Gaku , Takano Hina 
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical MessageThe de novo myeloid sarcoma (MS) type of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is rare, and clinical features may differ from extramedullary diseases in advanced APL. Many cases occur as a spinal tumor, and some occur in the absence of bone‐marrow diseases or coagulation abnormalities. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of MS tissue is useful for accurate diagnosis, even in preserved tissue.
Ultrafine Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticles Supported on Molybdenum Oxide Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Medium
Authors: Sadhanala Hari Krishna , Harika Villa Krishna , Penki Tirupathi Rao , Aurbach Doron , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEngineering of efficient, robust and inexpensive Pt‐free catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction has drawn great attention, and there is a rapidly growing demand for electrochemical water‐splitting reactions. Here, we report, for the first time, synthesis of ruthenium oxide nanoparticles supported on molybdenum oxide nanosheets (MoO3@RuO2). This composite catalyst was prepared sonochemically, followed by calcination of the product in air at 400 °C for one hour. The as‐synthesized MoO3@RuO2 composite catalyst was used to explore the electro‐catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic medium. Notably, compared to MoO3 or RuO2, the composite exhibited high exchange current density of 0.57 mA cm−2, and a current density of 10 mA cm−2 was achieved at low overpotential of 110 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4. The Tafel slope of the MoO3@RuO2 catalyst was 62 mV dec−1 and it showed excellent stability. This remarkable performance can be attributed to the synergetic effect generated by the strong interaction between MoO3 nanosheets and RuO2 nanoparticles, which resulted in enhanced long‐term stability as well.
Enhancing the CO2 Separation Performance of Matrimid 5218 Membranes for CO2/CH4 Binary Mixtures
Authors: Castro-Muñoz Roberto , Fíla Vlastimil , Ahmad Mohd Zamidi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect of CO2‐philic additive polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 in Matrimid 5218 on the separation performance of prepared membranes was evaluated in a binary gas mixture. Matrimid/PEG 200 flat‐sheet blended membranes with low PEG concentrations were prepared by the dense film‐casting method. Pure Matrimid and blended membranes were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and permeation measurements. The addition of 4–5 % of PEG enhanced considerably the CO2 permeability of the Matrimid matrix. The best formulation, Matrimid/PEG 200 (96/4), showed in comparison to pure Matrimid a more than threefold increase in CO2 permeability and an increase in separation factor of about 40 %.
Influence of Molecular Size on the Electrochemical Oxidation of Fractioned Cork Boiling Wastewater
Authors: Fernandes Annabel , Gomes Arlindo C. , Pereira Christopher , Magdziak Anna , Pacheco Maria J. , Ciríaco Lurdes , Simões Rogério , Lopes Ana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe performance of electrochemical oxidation (EO) using a boron doped diamond (BDD) anode was assessed for cork boiling wastewater (CBW) molecular size fractions of >100 kDa, 50–100 kDa, 20–50 kDa, 10–20 kDa and <10 kDa, obtained through sequential use of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The best EO results were found in the experiments performed with no addition of supporting electrolyte and at the lowest applied stirring speed, the more economical and environmentally friendly conditions. The highest EO treatment efficiency was observed for the fraction >100 kDa, which presented also the highest organic load. EO treatment led to an increase in the biodegradability of the fraction >100 kDa and to a decrease in the biodegradability of the fraction <10 kDa. Moreover, samples toxicity was not affected by the EO process, suggesting that the treated samples can be forwarded to biological post‐treatment processes. UF fractionation showed to be advantageous in combination with EO, since it enables the selective use of EO where it is more effective regarding biodegradability and current efficiency.
Vertically Grown Few‐Layer MoS2 Nanosheets on Hierarchical Carbon Nanocages for Pseudocapacitive Lithium Storage with Ultrahigh‐Rate Capability and Long‐Term Recyclability
Authors: Liu Meng , Fan Hao , Zhuo Ou , Du Xiao , Yang Longqi , Wang Peng , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiang , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an intensively studied anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity, but it is still confronted by severe challenges of unsatisfactory rate capability and cycle life. Herein, few‐layer MoS2 nanosheets, vertically grown on hierarchical carbon nanocages (hCNC) by a facile hydrothermal method, introduce pseudocapacitive lithium storage owing to the highly exposed MoS2 basal planes, enhanced conductivity, and facilitated electrolyte access arising from good hybridization with hCNC. Thus, the optimized MoS2/hCNC exhibits reversible capacities of 1670 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycles, 621 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 500 cycles, and 196 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1 after 2500 cycles, which are among the best for MoS2‐based anode materials. The specific power and specific energy, which can reach 16.1 kW
and 252.8 Wh
after 3000 cycles, respectively, indicate great potential in high‐power and long‐life LIBs. These findings suggest a promising strategy for exploring advanced anode materials with high reversible capacity, high‐rate capability, and long‐term recyclability.
The Crystal Structure of α‐F2: Solving a 50 Year Old Puzzle Computationally
Authors: Mattsson Stefan , Paulus Beate , Redeker Frenio A. , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian , Müller Carsten 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe cohesive energy of α‐fluorine, with C2/c space group symmetry, was calculated at benchmark quality by applying the method of increments. The known experimental X‐ray structure data needed to be refined, since the reported intramolecular bond length was unrealistically large. At the CCSD(T) level, including corrections for zero‐point energy, the basis set superposition error, and extrapolated to the complete basis set limit, a cohesive energy of −8.72 kJ mol−1 was calculated, which agrees well with the 0 K‐extrapolated experimental value of −8.35 kJ mol−1. Comparison of the C2/c structure with a Cmca structure, isotypic to that of chlorine, bromine, and iodine reveals that the origin of the different structure of solid fluorine, compared to the heavier halogens, is the lack of significantly stabilizing σ‐hole interactions. In addition, the wave numbers of the stretching mode in solid fluorine were calculated at coupled cluster level and compared to newly recorded Raman spectra of condensed fluorine. Both experiment and calculation indicate a slight up‐shift for the stretching mode by 2 or 5 cm−1, respectively, with respect to a free F2 molecule in the gas phase.
Heat‐Resistant Properties in the Phosphorescence of trans‐Bis[β‐(iminomethyl)aryloxy]platinum(II) Complexes: Effect of Aromaticity on d–π Conjugation Platforms
Authors: Inoue Ryo , Naito Masaya , Ehara Masahiro , Naota Takeshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe heat‐resistant properties towards thermal emission quenching of trans‐bis[(β‐iminomethyl)aryloxy]platinum(II) complexes bearing 3‐iminomethyl‐2‐naphtholato‐ (1), 1‐iminomethyl‐2‐naphtholato‐ (2), 2‐iminomethyl‐1‐naphtholato‐ (3), and 2‐iminomethyl‐1‐phenolato (4) moieties, and a mechanistic rationale of these properties, are described in this report. Complex 1 a, with N,N′‐dipentyl groups, exhibits intense red emission in 2‐methyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) at 298 K, whereas the analogues 2 a–4 a are less or non‐emissive under the same measurement conditions. All four complexes are highly emissive at 77 K. The heat‐resistant properties toward thermal emission quenching (Φ298 K/Φ77 K) increase in the order 1 a (0.52)>2 a (0.09)>3 a (0.02)>>4 a (0.00). We investigated the emission decay and thermal‐deactivation processes using density functional theory (DFT), time‐dependent (TD) DFT, and double‐hybrid density functional theory (DHDF) calculations of N,N′‐diethyl forms 1 b–4 b, and discuss the results with a focus on the energy levels, molecular structures, and electronic configurations in the triplet excited states. The energy differences between the triplet metal–ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state and minimum‐energy crossing point between the lowest triplet state and singlet ground state (MECP) increase in the order 1 a>2 a, 3 a>4 a, consistent with the experimental results for the heat‐resistant properties of these complexes. The origin of the present structure dependence of the 3MLCT–MECP energy gap is ascribed to the ease or difficulty of the high‐lying dσ* orbital participating in the MECP upon thermal structural distortion. The structure dependence in energy gaps between the π* and dσ* orbitals, which is key for facilitating the thermal deactivation process, is rationally correlated with the extent of aromaticity on the coordination platforms (1 b>(2 b, 3 b)>4 b).