bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapping system comparisons for and factors affecting populations of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus in winter‐grown strawberry
Authors: Renkema Justin M , Iglesias Lindsy E , Bonneau Phanie , Liburd Oscar E 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a major fruit pest in temperate regions worldwide, but in subtropical Florida, winter‐grown strawberries have not been severely affected. Zaprionus indianus Gupta is another invasive drosophilid species and a pest of some tropical fruits. To improve monitoring, trapping systems for D. suzukii and Z. indianus were tested. Morphology, ovarian status and the suitability and availability of non‐crop hosts as possible D. suzukii population‐limiting factors were assessed.RESULTSTraps with commercial attractants captured more D. suzukii but fewer Z. indianus than those with a homemade mixture. In central and northern Florida, < 10% and 30‐80% of D. suzukii, respectively, exhibited darker, winter morph coloration, and 55‐75% of females from central Florida were carrying mature and/or immature eggs. Adult D. suzukii were reared from fruits of two of 28 potential hosts: elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and nightshade (Solanum americanum). Nightshade, but not elderberry, was common on field perimeters (21 and six of 36 fields, respectively). Traps placed in wooded or partially wooded field edges yielded the most D. suzukii.CONCLUSIONFlorida strawberry is at risk of D. suzukii infestation, as flies were captured throughout the growing season. However, fly captures remained relatively low, peaking at 1.5 flies per trap per day. In central Florida, the low availability and suitability of non‐crop hosts likely limit population growth. The finding of few flies in northern Florida may additionally be attributable to a greater proportion of flies displaying winter morph coloration than in central Florida. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Remaining useful life prediction for hard failures using joint model with extended hazard
Authors: Man Jianing , Zhou Qiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a joint modeling method for hard failures where both degradation signals and time‐to‐event data are available. The mixed‐effects model is used to model degradation signals, and extended hazard model is used for the time‐to‐event data. The extended hazard is a general model which includes two well‐known hazard rate models, the Cox proportional hazards model and accelerated failure time model, as special cases. A two‐stage estimation approach is used to obtain model parameters, based on which remaining useful life for the in‐service unit can be predicted. The performance of the method is demonstrated through both simulation studies and a real case study.
Toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Ivory Coast: Simulating pathways to sustainable development
Authors: Pedercini Matteo , Zuellich Gunda , Dianati Kaveh , Arquitt Steven 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWith the adoption of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, countries face the challenge of implementing strategies to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). To support the Ivory Coast Government in this process, we have developed the Treshold21‐iSDG model, which integrates long‐term social, economic and environmental policy analyses for SDG attainment. Specifically, we assess the impact of the implementation of the National Prospective Study (NPS) on achievement of the 17 SDGs, and identify necessary strategic adjustments. We compare SDG attainment under three scenarios: business‐as‐usual, NPS, and an “SDG” scenario that includes adjustments for critical aspects of SDGs not sufficiently covered by the NPS. The analysis identifies cross‐sector impacts of policies and highlights the benefits of coordinated implementation of comprehensive and coherent SDG strategies. Such findings emphasize the importance of integrated simulation models to support planning of SDG strategies and to complement information provided by stakeholder engagement and other sector‐specific or qualitative tools.
Recent Trends in Nanomaterials‐Based Colorimetric Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria and Viruses
Authors: Choi Yoojin , Hwang Ji Hyeon , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRapid, sensitive, selective, convenient, and cost‐effective pathogen diagnosis is important to prevent further spread of pandemic diseases, minimize social and economic losses, and to facilitate right clinical therapy. Over the past few years, various sensor‐based diagnostic systems outperforming conventional pathogenic diagnostic assays have been developed. Among them, colorimetric biosensors detecting target molecules by the naked eye have attracted much attention due to their simplicity, practicality, and cost‐effectiveness. Recently, nanomaterials have been adopted as a versatile signal transduction and amplification tool for rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Here, recent trends and advances are reviewed in detecting and diagnosing pathogenic bacteria and viruses using colorimetric biosensors employing various nanomaterials. In addition, it is discussed how nanomaterials and bioreceptors can be better integrated together to develop rapid and sensitive colorimetric detection system in the future.
A policy‐centric approach to protecting OS kernel from vulnerable LKMs
Authors: Tian Donghai , Xiong Xi , Hu Changzhen , Liu Peng 
Published: March 2018

SummaryLoadable kernel modules (LKMs) that contain vulnerabilities are a big threat to modern operating systems (OSs). The primary reason is that there is no protection mechanism inside the kernel space when the LKM is executed. As a result, kernel module exploitation can seriously affect the OS kernel security. Although many protection systems have been developed to address this problem in the past few years, there still remain some challenges: (1) How to automatically generate a security policy before the kernel module is enforced? (2) How to properly mediate the interactions between the kernel module and the OS kernel without modifications on the existing OS, hardware, and kernel module structure? To address these challenges, we present LKM guard (LKMG), a policy‐centric system that can protect commodity OS kernel from vulnerable LKMs. Compared with previous systems, LKMG is able to generate a security policy from a kernel module and then enforce the policy during the run time. Generally, the working process of LKMG can be divided into 2 stages. First, we utilize static analysis to extract the kernel code and data access patterns from a kernel module's source code and then combine these patterns with the related memory address information to generate a security policy. Second, by leveraging the hardware‐assisted virtualization technology, LKMG isolates the kernel module from the rest of the kernel and then enforces the kernel module's execution to obey the derived policy. The experiments show that our system can defend against various attacks launched by the compromised kernel module effectively with moderate performance cost.
Tailoring Functional Chitosan‐Based Composites for Food Applications
Authors: Nunes Cláudia , Coimbra Manuel A. , Ferreira Paula 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChitosan‐based functional materials are emerging for food applications. The covalent bonding of molecular entities demonstrates to enhance resistance to the typical acidity of food assigning mechanical and moisture/gas barrier properties. Moreover, the grafting to chitosan of some functional molecules, like phenolic compounds or essential oils, gives antioxidant, antimicrobial, among others properties to chitosan. The addition of nanofillers to chitosan and other biopolymers improves the already mentioned required properties for food applications and can attribute electrical conductivity and magnetic properties for active and intelligent packaging. Electrical conductivity is a required property for the processing of food at low temperature using electric fields or for sensors application.
Primary Stenting of the Superficial Femoral Artery in Patients with Intermittent Claudication Has Durable Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life at 24 Months: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lindgren Hans I. V. , Qvarfordt Peter , Bergman Stefan , Gottsäter Anders ,   The Swedish Endovascular Claudication Stenting Trialists, Jansson I. , Litterfeldt E. , Lindgren Hans I. V. , Qvarfordt Peter , Fransson T. , Öjersjö A. , Hilbertson A. , Röjlar T. , Gottsäter Anders , Gruber G. , Hörer T. , Larzon T. , Jonasson T. , Strandberg C. , Andersson P. , Bergman Stefan , Lundell L. , Svensson A. , Warvsten M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
Intermittent claudication (IC) is commonly caused by lesions in the superficial femoral artery (SFA), yet invasive treatment is still controversial and longer term patient-reported outcomes are lacking. This prospective randomized trial assessed the 24-month impact of primary stenting with nitinol self-expanding stents compared to best medical treatment (BMT) alone in patients with stable IC due to SFA disease on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods
One hundred patients with stable IC due to SFA disease treated with BMT were randomized to either stent (n = 48) or control (n = 52) group. HRQoL assessed by Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and EuroQoL 5-dimensions (EQ5D) 24 months after treatment were primary outcome measures. Walking Impairment Questionnaire, ankle–brachial index (ABI), and walking distance were secondary outcomes.

Results
Significantly better SF-36 Physical Component Summary (P = 0.024) and physical domain scores such as Physical Function (P = 0.012), Bodily Pain (P = 0.002), General Health (P = 0.037), and EQ5D (P = 0.010) were reported in intergroup comparison between the stent and the control group. Both ABI (from 0.58 ± 0.11 to 0.85 ± 0.18; P < 0.001 in the stent group and from 0.63 ± 0.17 to 0.69 ± 0.18; P = 0.036 in the control group) and walking distance (from 170 ± 90 m to 616 ± 375 m; P < 0.001 in the stent group and from 209 ± 111 m to 331 ± 304 m; P = 0.006 in the control group) improved significantly in intragroup comparisons.

Conclusions
In patients with IC caused by lesions in the SFA, primary stenting compared to BMT alone was associated with significant improvements in HRQoL, ABI, and walking distance durable up to 24 months of follow-up.
Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier:
NCT01230229
The impact of ammonia levels and dialysis on outcome in 202 patients with neonatal onset urea cycle disorders
Authors: Hediger Nina , Landolt Markus A. , Diez‐Fernandez Carmen , Huemer Martina , Häberle Johannes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNeonatal onset hyperammonemia in patients with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current protocols consistently recommend emergency medical and dietary management. In case of increasing or persistent hyperammonemia, with continuous or progressive neurological signs, dialysis is performed, mostly as ultima ratio. It is presently unknown whether the currently defined ammonia threshold (e.g., at 500 μmol/L) to start dialysis is useful to improve clinical outcome. A systematic review of clinical and biochemical data from published neonatal onset UCD patients was performed to identify factors determining clinical outcome and to investigate in which clinical and biochemical setting dialysis was most effective. A total of 202 patients (118 proximal and 84 distal UCDs) described in 90 case reports or case series were included according to predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Median age at onset was three days and mean ammonia that triggered start of dialysis was 1199 μmol/L. Seventy‐one percent of all patients received any form of dialysis. Total mortality was 25% and only 20% of all patients had a “normal” outcome. In general, patients with higher ammonia levels were more likely to receive dialysis, but this had for most patients no influence on outcome. In conclusion, in severe neonatal onset hyperammonemia, the current practice of dialysis, which effectively clears ammonia, had no impact on outcome. It may be essential for improving outcome to initiate all available treatment options, including dialysis, as early as possible.
The Lives of Street Women and Children in Hawassa, Ethiopia
Authors: Nathan Martha A. , Fratkin Elliot 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Despite gains in national income, Ethiopia’s cities have seen a steady increase of homeless women and children. This study focuses on the lives of twenty-five adult women and twenty-seven children living on the streets of Hawassa, Ethiopia. Nearly all were driven to the streets by poverty compounded by abuse and violence and/or loss of supporting family members, illness, and lack of social supports. The Ethiopian government offers a food-for-work program, but this is an inadequate social safety net. Recommendations include government provision of long-term shelter, food assistance, school supplies for children, legal and economic assistance, and access to medical care.
Deadly elections: post-election violence in Nigeria
Authors: Angerbrandt Henrik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo decades after the ‘third wave of democratization’, extensive violence continues to follow elections in sub-Saharan Africa. Whereas national processes connected to pre-election violence have received increased scholarly attention, little is known of local dynamics of violence after elections. This article examines the 2011 Nigerian post-election violence with regard to the ways in which national electoral processes interweave with local social and political disputes. The most affected state, Kaduna State, has a history of violent local relations connected to which group should control politics and the state. It is argued that electoral polarisation aggravated national ethno-religious divisions that corresponded to the dividing line of the conflict in Kaduna. A rapid escalation of violence was facilitated by local social networks nurtured by ethno-religious grievances.
“I have to read it out loud”: Intertextuality in prison discipline
Authors: Labotka Lori 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article combines ethnographic and linguistic analysis to illuminate a critical aspect of the US criminal justice system—disciplinary hearings in prison. Focusing on one woman's (Cherry's) hearing, I consider the remaking of power through bureaucratic procedure. The scripted interaction requires the sergeant to read Cherry's ticket out loud in his performance of authority. I explore the intertextual relations motivated by this verbal animation for their ability to construct a unified front of the institution against which Cherry is tried. Cherry, however, manipulates these intertextual relationships, deploying verbal skills gained through her long entanglement with the criminal justice system to mitigate her punishment. The linguistic analysis of Cherry's hearing, positioned in her prison history, reveals the continual remaking of power in prison interactions that are framed by institutional regulations influencing the negotiation of officer authority and possibilities of inmate resistance. (Prisons, intertextuality, resistance, power, legal interactions)*
The Sound of Magic? Bells in Roman Britain
Authors: Eckardt Hella , Williams Sandie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBells are recorded in many published excavation reports from Roman sites, but there has been no previous study of the British material. This paper explores the significance of bells in the Roman world from both a ritual and a functional perspective. We create a first typology of Romano-British bells, provide an understanding of their chronology and examine any spatial and social differences in their use. Special attention is paid to bells from funerary or ritual contexts in order to explore the symbolic significance of these small objects. Bells from other parts of the Roman world are considered to provide comparisons with those from Roman Britain. The paper demonstrates that small bells were used as protective charms and may have been preferentially placed into the graves of children and young women. The paper identifies a new, probably Roman type of bell that has no parallels within the Empire, although similar pieces occur in first- and second-century graves in the Black Sea region.
Heel-strike and toe-off motions optimization for humanoid robots equipped with active toe joints
Authors: Sadedel Majid , Yousefi-Koma Aghil , Khadiv Majid , Iranmanesh Faezeh 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYIn this paper, a walking pattern optimization procedure is implemented to yield the optimal heel-strike and toe-off motions for different goal functions. To this end, first, a full dynamic model of a humanoid robot equipped with active toe joints is developed. This model consists of two parts: multi-body dynamics of the robot which is obtained by Lagrange and Kane methods and power transmission dynamic model which is developed using system identification approach. Then, a gait planning routine is presented and consistent parameters are specified. Several simulations and experimental tests are carried out on SURENA III humanoid robot which is designed and fabricated at the Center of Advanced Systems and Technologies located in the University of Tehran. Afterward, a genetic algorithm optimization is adopted to compute the optimal walking patterns for five different goal functions including energy consumption, stability margin, joint velocity, joint torque and required friction coefficient. Also, several parametric analyses are performed to characterize the effects of heel-strike and toe-off angle and toe link mass and length on these five goal functions. Finally, it is concluded that walking pattern without heel-strike and toe-off motions requires less friction coefficient than the pattern with heel-strike and toe-off motions. Also, heavier toe link lowers tip-over instability and slippage occurrence possibility, but requires more energy consumption and joint torque.
Climate exposure, vulnerability and environmental reliance: a cross-section analysis of structural and stochastic poverty
Authors: Angelsen Arild , Dokken Therese 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe analyze links between exposure to climate extremes and shocks, vulnerability and coping strategies, environmental reliance and poverty among 7,300 households in forest adjacent communities in 24 developing countries. We combine observed income with predicted income to create four categories of households:income & asset poor(structurally poor),income rich & asset poor(stochastically non-poor),income poor & asset rich(stochastically poor) andincome & asset rich(structurally non-poor), and assess exposure and vulnerability across these groups. The income poor are more exposed to extreme climate conditions. They tend to live in dryer (and hotter) villages in the dry forest zones, in wetter villages in the wet zones, and experience larger rainfall fluctuations. Among the income-generating coping strategies, extracting more environmental resources ranks second to seeking wage labor. The poorest in dry regions also experience the highest forest loss, undermining the opportunities to cope with future climate shocks.
“All of a sudden, a lot less still makes it worthwhile to be alive:” Palliative care patients’ views on life
Authors: Romotzky Vanessa , Strupp Julia , Hayn Alexander , Rüffer Jens Ulrich , Grümmer Judith , Voltz Raymond 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to elucidate the views on life as narrated by patients in palliative care (PC) to find out what patients deem to be essential in their life, whether something has changed concerning their view of life in light of the disease, and whether interviewees would like to give others something to take with them.MethodData were collected from narrative audio and video interviews with 18 inpatients in a specialized PC unit. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis applying MAXQDA software. CDs and DVDs with recorded interviews were provided to patients.ResultEighteen interviews were analyzed: 11 audio and 7 video recordings. The age range was 41–80 years. Patients reported on changes in their views on life. Despite it being a complex and painful process, patients still gave examples of benefits experienced during their illness trajectory. Patients identified resources and coping strategies such as meaningful contacts with close others and mindfulness. Shifts have occurred in terms of taking more time for themselves, enjoying the moment, being more calm, and spending more time with family and friends. What patients wanted to pass on to others was to pay attention to the needs of both the self and the others, shape your life individually, confront yourself early with issues of death and dying, and care for your fellow human beings. Patients and relatives valued the opportunity to keep their interview as a CD/DVD.Significance of resultsResults support the idea that many people facing terminal illness continue to focus on living and remain within their biographies and the contexts of their lives, even if their functional status declines. Patients and relatives appreciated that interviews were provided as kind of a legacy. Yet, more robust research is needed to decide whether such interviews yield any therapeutic effect.
Sanctuary and the Limits of Public Reason: A Deweyan Corrective
Authors: Steinmetz Alicia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article contributes to the debate over the appropriate place of religion in public reason by showing the limits of this framework for understanding and evaluating the real-world religious political activism of social movements. Using the 1980s Sanctuary Movement as a central case study, I show how public reason fails to appreciate the complex religious dynamics of this movement, the reasons actors employ religious reasoning, and, as a result, the very meaning of these acts. In response, I argue that a Deweyan perspective on the tasks and challenges of the democratic public offers a richer, more contextualized approach to evaluating the status of religion in the public sphere as well as other emerging publics whose modes of engagement defy prevailing notions of reasonableness and civility.
Predicting the spatiotemporal diversity of seizure propagation and termination in human focal epilepsy
Authors: Proix Timothée , Jirsa Viktor K. , Bartolomei Fabrice , Guye Maxime , Truccolo Wilson 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent studies have shown that seizures can spread and terminate across brain areas via a rich diversity of spatiotemporal patterns. In particular, while the location of the seizure onset area is usually invariant across seizures in an individual patient, the source of traveling (2–3 Hz) spike-and-wave discharges during seizures can either move with the slower propagating ictal wavefront or remain stationary at the seizure onset area. Furthermore, although many focal seizures terminate synchronously across brain areas, some evolve into distinct ictal clusters and terminate asynchronously. Here, we introduce a unifying perspective based on a new neural field model of epileptic seizure dynamics. Two main mechanisms, the co-existence of wave propagation in excitable media and coupled-oscillator dynamics, together with the interaction of multiple time scales, account for the reported diversity. We confirm our predictions in seizures and tractography data obtained from patients with pharmacologically resistant epilepsy. Our results contribute toward patient-specific seizure modeling.