bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Mineral Characteristics of Some Selected Sapotaceae Plants
Authors: Chakradhari Suryakant , Deb Manas Kanti , Patel Khageshwar Singh , Martín-Gil Jesús , Towett Erick K. , Martín-Ramos Pablo 
Published: May 2019

Aims: To study the spectral and thermal characteristics, and the oil, starch, polyphenol and mineral contents of seeds and leaves from three Sapotaceae species, provided that trees and shrubs of this family are an important source of nutritional and functional products.
Methodology: Leaves and seeds from three Sapotaceae plants, namely Moa tree (Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel.), Chico sapote (Manilkara zapota (Linn.) van Royen) and Spanish cherry (Mimusops elengi Linn.), were collected in the Raipur area of Chhattisgarh, India. Their physicochemical characterization (including oil, polyphenol, starch and mineral contents; functional groups; and thermal degradation patterns) was carried out by using various techniques, viz. solvent extraction, spectrophotometry, enzymatic digestion, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively.
Results: The three Sapotaceae seeds under study were found to contain polyphenol, mineral, starch and oil contents in the 1850–23180 mg/kg, 11390–19385 mg/kg, 6.7–9.1% and 9.8-54.1% range, respectively. Their leaves and seed coats featured total phenolic contents in the 24260–28600 mg/kg and 7810–23060 mg/kg range, respectively, and mineral contents in the 8823–27462 mg/kg and 3619–15884 mg/kg range, respectively. The functional groups of the phytochemicals, studied by FTIR, were assigned. Their thermal decomposition patterns, which involved loss of water and volatile organic compounds, proteins, oil and starch/cellulose, were also described.
Conclusion: The Sapotaceae leaves, seed coat, kernel and cake are enriched with very high contents of starch, proteins, polyphenols and minerals, suggesting their possible valorization in human food, animal feeding and as herbal medicines.
Evaluation of Response Criteria in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Inoue Mariko , Kanda Hiroko , Tateishi Shoko , Fujio Keishi 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveBiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment have several mechanisms of action. Interleukin‐6 inhibitors (IL‐6i) block the production of acute‐phase reactants (APRs), which are some of the composite measures of disease activity. We undertook this study to examine the agreement between the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response based on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C‐reactive protein level, the Simplified Disease Activity Index 50% response measure (SDAI50), and the Clinical Disease Activity Index 50% response measure (CDAI50) in patients treated with IL‐6i and other bDMARDs.MethodsWe enrolled 306 patients with RA who started or switched bDMARDs. Treatment response at 6 months was analyzed. Kappa statistics were used to evaluate the agreement between different response measures. The contribution of APRs to improvement in disease activity scores was examined. The change of Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score was analyzed in IL‐6i–treated patients.ResultsGood agreement was achieved between response measures, with κ >0.6 in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors or cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin fusion protein. In IL‐6i–treated patients, the agreement was low between the EULAR response (ESR) and the SDAI50 or the CDAI50 (κ = 0.43 and 0.37, respectively). Under IL‐6i treatment, APR improvement accounted for 56.0% of total improvement of the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) using the ESR. When discordance was found between the CDAI50 and EULAR response in IL‐6i–treated patients, all patients were classified as EULAR‐only responders; there was no HAQ improvement in EULAR‐only responders.ConclusionEULAR response criteria overestimate the response under IL‐6i treatment because the APR improvement largely contributes to the DAS28 improvement.
Different Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in the Lumbar Spine Reflected by Demographic and Clinical Characteristics: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Authors: Goode Adam P. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , George Steven Z. , Kraus Virginia B. , Schwartz Todd A. , Gracely Richard H. , Jordan Joanne M. , Golightly Yvonne M. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo determine if associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and appendicular joint osteoarthritis (OA) reflect different phenotypes of OA in the lumbar spine.MethodsParticipants were from the Johnston County OA Project. Demographic information consisted of age, sex, and race (white and African American), and clinical characteristics consisted of body mass index (BMI), low back pain and injury, and knee, hip, and hand OA. Participants were categorized as having spine OA, facet joint OA, both spine OA and facet joint OA, or neither spine OA nor facet joint OA (referent group). Multinomial regression models were used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsOf 1,793 participants, the mean ± SD age was 66.2 ± 10.1 years, and the mean ± SD BMI was 30.7 ± 6.2. The majority of the participants were women (n = 1,144 [63.8%]), and 31.8% of the participants (n = 570) were African American. Eighteen percent of participants had neither spine OA nor facet joint OA, 22.8% had facet joint OA, 13.2% had spine OA, and 46.0% had both spine OA and facet joint OA. In adjusted analyses, African Americans were less likely to have facet joint OA (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.49–0.95]) or both spine OA and facet joint OA (OR 0.51 [95% CI 0.37–0.70]). Women were more likely to have facet joint OA (OR 1.71 [95% CI 1.24–2.36]). Having a BMI of ≥30 was associated with having facet joint OA (OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.28–2.42]) and both spine OA and facet joint OA (OR 1.85 [95% CI 1.37–2.51]). Knee OA was associated with all 3 OA groups, while lower back injury was associated only with those with spine OA. Participants with hip OA were less likely to have facet joint OA.ConclusionRace, sex, BMI, hip OA, and lower back injury may help identify different OA phenotypes in the lumbar spine.
Defect‐Driven Structural Distortions at the Surface of Relaxor Ferroelectrics
Authors: Kong Scarlet , Kumar Nitish , Checchia Stefano , Cazorla Claudio , Daniels John 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRelaxor‐ferroelectric materials find application in a broad range of technological devices, including ultrasonic imaging transducers, nanopositioning, and high‐performance capacitors. They generally exhibit occupationally disordered structures creating local polar fluctuations that are highly sensitive to applied electric or stress fields. The sensitivity of the material structure to external field and stress conditions also makes them likely to develop skin or surface phases that are unique from the bulk. Surface layers can adjust the material response and also lead to ambiguity in structural characterization. Here, using a combination of X‐ray diffraction methods, it is shown that a ≈20 µm skin structure commonly exists in the lead‐free relaxor‐ferroelectric ceramic (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3. Using experiments and density functional theory calculations, it is shown that the combined action of oxygen vacancies providing internal chemical pressure and the surface plane stress state dictates the stability and structure of the skin layer. This work can be extended to all perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics and provides new insights into the origin of skin layers in these materials. The opportunity exists to further enhance the functionality of these materials through engineering of surface structures using the methods outlined here.
Direct Ink Writing of Adjustable Electrochemical Energy Storage Device with High Gravimetric Energy Densities
Authors: Zhao Jingxin , Zhang Yan , Zhao Xiaoxin , Wang Rutao , Xie Jixun , Yang Chengfeng , Wang Juanjuan , Zhang Qichong , Li Lele , Lu Conghua , Yao Yagang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract3D printing graphene aerogel with periodic microlattices has great prospects for various practical applications due to their low density, large surface area, high porosity, excellent electrical conductivity, good elasticity, and designed lattice structures. However, the low specific capacitance limits their development in energy storage fields due to the stacking of graphene. Therefore, constructing a graphene‐based 2D materials hybridization aerogel that consists of the pseduocapacitive substance and graphene material is necessary for enhancing electrochemical performance. Herein, 3D printing periodic graphene‐based composite hybrid aerogel microlattices (HAMs) are reported via 3D printing direct ink writing technology. The rich porous structure, high electrical conductivity, and highly interconnected networks of the HAMs aid electron and ion transport, further enabling excellent capacitive performance for supercapacitors. An asymmetric supercapacitor device is assembled by two different 4‐mm‐thick electrodes, which can yield high gravimetric specific capacitance (Cg) of 149.71 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and gravimetric energy density (Eg) of 52.64 Wh kg−1, and retains a capacitance retention of 95.5% after 10 000 cycles. This work provides a general strategy for designing the graphene‐based mixed‐dimensional hybrid architectures, which can be utilized in energy storage fields.
Functional Pyrimidinyl Pyrazolate Pt(II) Complexes: Role of Nitrogen Atom in Tuning the Solid‐State Stacking and Photophysics
Authors: Ganesan Paramaguru , Hung Wen‐Yi , Tso Jen‐Yung , Ko Chang‐Lun , Wang Tsai‐Hui , Chen Po‐Ting , Hsu Hsiu‐Fu , Liu Shih‐Hung , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chou Pi‐Tai , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Chi Yun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPt(II) metal complexes are known to exhibit strong solid‐state aggregation and are promising for realization of efficient emission in fabrication of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) with nondoped emitter layer. Four pyrimidine–pyrazolate based chelates, together with four isomeric Pt(II) metal complexes, namely: [Pt(pm2z)2], [Pt(tpm2z)2], [Pt(pm4z)2], and [Pt(tpm4z)2], are isolated and systematically investigated for their structure–property relationships for practical OLED applications. Detailed single molecular and aggregated structures are revealed by photophysical and mechanochromic measurements, grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction, and theoretical approaches. These results suggest that these Pt(II) emitters pack like a deck of playing cards under vacuum deposition, and their emission energy is not only affected by the single molecular designs, but notably influenced by their intermolecular packing interaction, i.e., Pt···Pt separations that are arranged in the order: [Pt(tpm4z)2] > [Pt(pm4z)2] > [Pt(tpm2z)2] > [Pt(pm2z)2]. Nondoped OLED with emission ranging from green to red are prepared, to which the best performances are recorded for [Pt(tpm2z)2], giving maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.5% at 103 cd m−2, maximum luminance of 2.5 × 105 cd m−2 at 17 V, and with stable CIEx,y of (0.56, 0.44).
A Phase Transformation‐Resistant Electrode Enabled by a MnO2‐Confined Effect for Enhanced Energy Storage
Authors: Guo Wei , Yu Chang , Li Shaofeng , Song Xuedan , Yang Ying , Qiu Bo , Zhao Changtai , Huang Huawei , Yang Juan , Han Xiaotong , Li Dan , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough the transition metal oxides/hydroxides are regarded as highly promising and attractive materials for efficient energy storage, a precycling/activation process is usually adopted to stabilize phase components and achieve reversible output. Moreover, the intrinsic mechanism involved in precycling process is not always concerned and remains to be further decoupled. Herein, overcoming the challenges associated with the MnO2‐confined effect is proposed, which is enabled by in situ dissolving‐out and conversion of Mn species in MnO2 derived from the Co‐induced effect. Notably, a high electrochemical stability without activation and a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 96.2% can be achieved without any precycling or activation process, which increases by 33.5% in comparison to the efficiency of the hybrids without MnO2 surface‐confined effect. And a specific capacity up to 164 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 can be achieved with an excellent capacity retention rate of 90% at 30 A g−1, which only drops slightly and remains at a high level of 87% even after 5000 cycles. This strategy may function as a model for the design and configuration of highly stable electrodes toward high‐efficient energy storage and conversion applications.
Ethanol Assisted Transfer for Clean Assembly of 2D Building Blocks and Suspended Structures
Authors: Yang Xin , Li Xiuqiang , Deng Yu , Wang Yuxi , Liu Guoliang , Wei Cong , Li Hai , Wu Zhen , Zheng Qinghui , Chen Zhiwen , Jiang Qing , Lu Haiming , Zhu Jia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs two dimensional materials (2D materials) demonstrate unique and diverse properties, clean transfer methods can serve a cornerstone for creative assembly of these 2D building blocks for both fundamental explorations and versatile applications. One of the major challenges for preserving the pristine properties of 2D materials during transfer and construction is to debond 2D materials from original substrates without inducing structural damage and external contamination. In this work, through both molecular dynamic studies and experimental demonstration, it is found that droplets of ethanol, a common and environmental friendly solvent, can be used to effectively reduce the adhesion energy between 2D materials and substrates, and therefore enable a clean transfer method for 2D mterials. Various assembled structures based on 2D building blocks, such as van der Waals heterostructures, predesigned artificial patterns, 2D materials on suspended devices are all demonstrated. Thermal conductivity measurements of MoS2 nanosheets on a suspended microbridge device also confirm the successful application of suspended 2D transfer. It is expected that this ethanol assisted transfer method can enable clean assembly of 2D building blocks for construction of novel structures and suspended devices.
Advanced Electron Microscopy for III/V on Silicon Integration
Authors: Beyer Andreas , Volz Kerstin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe combination of III/V semiconductors with Si is very attractive, since it allows the fabrication of high efficient optoelectronic devices like solar cells, lasers or the integration of III/V transistors on Si substrates. However, the growth of polar III/V materials on nonpolar Si holds several challenges. The different valences of group III and group V atoms as well as Si possibly give rise to the formation of charged defects, i.e., antiphase boundaries, as well as to charge accumulation at the interface between the different materials. Accordingly, the interfaces present, i.e., the ones between antiphase and main phase and the one between III/V and Si, eventually limit any device's performance. Electron microscopy, in particular transmission electron microscopy, has proven to be a valuable tool to acquire quantitative information from III/V–Si heterostructures. Among this information are defect densities as well as the structure of the involved interfaces at spatial resolutions down to the atomic level. Moreover, information on charge distribution can be retrieved. In this review, the authors collocate the results gained for the model system GaP on Si utilizing various electron microscopy related techniques.
Universal Work Function of Metal Oxides Exposed to Air
Authors: Rietwyk Kevin J. , Keller David A. , Ginsburg Adam , Barad Hannah‐Noa , Priel Maayan , Majhi Koushik , Yan Zhi , Tirosh Shay , Anderson Assaf Y. , Ley Lothar , Zaban Arie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal oxides are the cornerstone of thin‐film electronics, a multibillion dollar industry, because they possess a wide variety of optoelectronic properties, exhibit novel functionalities, and can typically be fabricated from cheap, nontoxic raw materials. However, for thin‐film electronics to achieve further market penetration, it is necessary to replace expensive vacuum‐based fabrication processes with low‐cost, large‐scale solution‐based methods. Here, the influence of exposure to air on the band energies of metal oxides is investigated, which is crucial for predicting the operation of thin‐film devices under realistic conditions. A universal reduction in the work function is observed across 18 oxides, and for a subset, n‐type doping of the surfaces is observed after they have been exposed to atmosphere for extended periods of time. These effects arise from charge transfer events with the ubiquitous water layer that forms on surfaces in air. A quantitative analysis of the changes is provided based on the electrochemical transfer doping model, and the amount of transferred charge and the equilibrium work function of oxides in air are calculated which are in agreement with the measurements.
Explaining the Exceptional Wet Integrity of Transparent Cellulose Nanofibril Films in the Presence of Multivalent Ions—Suitable Substrates for Biointerfaces
Authors: Benselfelt Tobias , Nordenström Malin , Lindström Stefan B. , Wågberg Lars 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) assemble into water‐resilient materials in the presence of multivalent counter‐ions. The essential mechanisms behind these assemblies are ion–ion correlation and specific ion effects. A network model shows that the interfibril attraction indirectly influences the wet modulus by a fourth power relationship to the solidity of the network (Ew ∝ φ4). Ions that induce both ion–ion correlation and specific ion effects significantly reduce the swelling of the films, and due to the nonlinear relationship dramatically increase the wet modulus. Herein, this network model is used to explain the elastoplastic behavior of wet films of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl radical (TEMPO)‐oxidized, carboxymethylated, and phosphorylated CNFs in the presence of different counter‐ions. The main findings are that the aspect ratio of the CNFs influences the ductility of the assemblies, that the bivalency of phosphorylate ligands probably limits the formation of interfibril complexes with divalent ions, and that a higher charge density increases the friction between fibrils by increasing the short‐range attraction from ion–ion correlation and specific ion effects. These findings can be used to rationally design CNF materials for a variety of applications where wet strength, ductility, and transparency are important, such as biomaterials or substrates for bioelectronics.
Planet–Satellite Nanostructures Based on Block Copolymer‐Surfactant Nanoparticles Surface‐Decorated with Gold and Silver: A New Strategy for Interfacial Catalysis
Authors: Ferreira Guilherme A. , Loh Watson 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are covalently conjugated onto the surface of thiol‐functionalized block copolymer particles containing surfactant‐rich liquid crystalline cores. The resulting planet–satellite nanoconjugates display enhanced colloidal stability upon changes in solution pH or ionic strength and interfacial properties that result in the stabilization of oil‐in‐water emulsions. These biphasic systems are used as medium for catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid and the nanoconjugates display catalytic activity comparable to the single Ag and Au NPs in aqueous medium, with the advantage of an easier and more efficient separation of unreacted alcohol and product from reaction medium, making this the first report on interfacial gold‐ and silver‐catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation. These results, and the flexibility of the present approach, support the proposal of this methodology as a general platform for interfacial catalysis based on these novel nanomaterials.
Angular‐Adaptive Spin‐Locked Retroreflector Based on Reconfigurable Magnetic Metagrating
Authors: Li Min , Jing Liqiao , Lin Xiao , Xu Su , Shen Lian , Zheng Bin , Wang Zuojia , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRetroreflectors made of gradient metasurfaces have recently attracted intense interests due to their ability in reflecting incident light back to its source. So far, the current retroreflectors can only flip the transverse momenta of incident photons in specific incidence angles and thus have limitations in wide‐angle applications. Here, a switchable metagrating based retroreflector is proposed for high‐efficient spin‐locked retroreflection and suppression of undesired diffractions. Upon reflection, the handedness of the waves is kept the same as the incidence. Furthermore, by mechanically altering the folding state of the reconfigurable retroreflector, adaptive tangential momenta could be imparted to the incidence photons, providing a high‐performance retroreflection over a continuous range of incidence angles from 27.3° to 52.5°. As a proof of concept, a magnetic metagrating based retroreflector is fabricated at microwave frequencies and experimental measurements show consistent behaviors at various incidence angles. The proposed retroreflector is compact (overall thickness of 0.204 of the wavelength) and inherently insensitive to the illumination angle. As the design concept introduced in the paper could be extended to terahertz and optical frequencies, the design may serve as a promising platform toward reconfigurable spin‐based retroreflection devices for not only interface electromagnetics but also ultraflat photonics.
Thickness‐Dependent Refractive Index of 1L, 2L, and 3L MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2
Authors: Hsu Chunwei , Frisenda Riccardo , Schmidt Robert , Arora Ashish , de Vasconcellos Steffen Michaelis , Bratschitsch Rudolf , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Castellanos‐Gomez Andres 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn interesting aspect of 2D materials is the change of their electronic structure with the reduction of thickness. Molybdenum and tungsten‐based transition metal dichalcogenides form an important family of 2D materials, whose members show a thickness‐dependent bandgap and strong light–matter interaction. In this work, the experimental determination of the complex refractive index of 1‐, 2‐, 3‐layer thick MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 in the range from 400 to 850 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum is reported by using microreflectance spectroscopy and combined with calculations based on the Fresnel equations. It is further provided a comparison with the bulk refractive index values reported in the literature and a discussion of the difference/similarity between our work and the monolayer refractive index available from the literature, finding that the results from different techniques are in good agreement.
Prevailing Strategies to Tune Emission Color of Lanthanide‐Activated Phosphors for WLED Applications
Authors: Shao Baiqi , Huo Jiansheng , You Hongpeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSignificant effort has been made in the exploration of novel lanthanide‐activated phosphors with multicolor emission over the last decade, especially highly efficient and emission tunable phosphor systems, to optimize the performance of white light‐emitting diodes with regard to their positive impact on energy efficiency, their correlated color temperature, and their color rendering index. Therefore, a research focus in recent years has been the modification and tailoring of the photoluminescence of phosphors, enabling the acquisition of new phosphors with tunable emission colors. This review aims to highlight the prevailing strategies used for tuning the photoluminescence of lanthanide‐activated phosphors. Remarkable examples of newly designed emission‐tunable phosphor materials based on these prevailing strategies are introduced in this review. A comprehensive understanding of these strategies can provide an extensive guide for the discovery and fabrication of highly efficient phosphors with tunable emission colors in the future.