bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosensitive Nanoparticles Combining Vascular‐Independent Intratumor Distribution and On‐Demand Oxygen‐Depot Delivery for Enhanced Cancer Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhao Caiyan , Tong Yujia , Li Xianlei , Shao Leihou , Chen Long , Lu Jianqing , Deng Xiongwei , Wang Xuan , Wu Yan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn drug delivery, the poor tumor perfusion results in disappointing therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT) greatly need deep tumor penetration due to short lifespan and weak diffusion of the cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). The damage of only shallow cells can easily cause invasiveness and metastasis. Moreover, even if the nanomedicines enter into deeper lesion, the effectiveness of PDT is limited due to the hypoxic microenvironment. Here, a deep penetrating and oxygen self‐sufficient PDT nanoparticle is developed for balanced ROS distribution within tumor and efficient cancer therapy. The designed nanoparticles (CNPs/IP) are doubly emulsified (W/O/W) from poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) copolymers doped with photosensitizer IR780 in the O layer and oxygen depot perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) inside the core, and functionalized with the tumor penetrating peptide Cys‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Lys (CRGDK). The CRGDK modification significantly improves penetration depth of CNPs/IP and makes the CNPs/IP arrive at both the periphery and hypoxic interior of tumors where the PFOB releases oxygen, effectively alleviating hypoxia and guaranteeing efficient PDT performance. The improved intratumoral distribution of photosensitizer and adequate oxygen supply augment the sensitivity of tumor cells to PDT and significantly improve PDT efficiency. Such a nanosystem provides a potential platform for improved therapeutic index in anticancer therapy.
A wind field downscaling strategy based on domain segmentation and transfer functions
Authors: Barcons Jordi , Avila Matias , Folch Arnau 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a novel methodology for mesoscale‐to‐microscale downscaling of near‐surface wind fields. The model chain consists on the Weather Research and Forecast mesoscale model and the Alya‐CFDWind microscale model (assuming neutral stability). The downscaling methodology combines precomputed microscale simulations with a mesoscale forecast using a domain segmentation technique and transfer functions. As a result, the downscaled wind field preserves the mesoscale pattern but, at the same time, incorporates local mesoscale subgrid terrain effects, particularly at valleys and channelling zones. The methodology has been validated over a 9‐month period on a very complex terrain site instrumented with a dense observational network of meteorological masts. With respect to mesoscale results, the global skills of the downscaled wind at masts improve for wind direction and remain similar for wind velocity. However, a substantial improvement occurs under stable and neutral conditions and for high wind velocity regimes.
New perspectives on telomerase RNA structure and function
Authors: Musgrove Cherie , Jansson Linnea I. , Stone Michael D. 
Published: February 2018

Telomerase is an ancient ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that protects the ends of linear chromosomes from the loss of critical coding sequences through repetitive addition of short DNA sequences. These repeats comprise the telomere, which together with many accessory proteins, protect chromosomal ends from degradation and unwanted DNA repair. Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase (RT) that carries its own RNA to use as a template for repeat addition. Over decades of research, it has become clear that there are many diverse, crucial functions played by telomerase RNA beyond simply acting as a template. In this review, we highlight recent findings in three model systems: ciliates, yeast and vertebrates, that have shifted the way the field views the structural and mechanistic role(s) of RNA within the functional telomerase RNP complex. Viewed in this light, we hope to demonstrate that while telomerase RNA is just one example of the myriad functional RNA in the cell, insights into its structure and mechanism have wide‐ranging impacts. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1456. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1456This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
The Results of In Situ Prosthetic Graft Replacement for Infected Aortic Disease
Authors: Han Youngjin , Kwon Tae‐Won , Park Sang Jun , Jeong Min‐Jae , Choi Kyunghak , Ko Gi‐Young , Lee Sang‐Oh , Cho Yong‐Pil 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfected aortic disease is a serious clinical condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study reviewed the outcomes of in situ aortic replacement with a prosthetic graft for infected aortic disease, including primary infected abdominal aortic aneurysms (PIAAA), infected aortic prosthetic grafts (IAPG), and infected aortic stent grafts (IASG).MethodsTwenty‐eight consecutive patients who underwent in situ aortic replacement with a prosthetic graft for PIAAA, IAPG, and IASG at a single center from January 2001 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics, clinical characteristics, medical management, surgical procedure, and clinical outcomes were included.ResultsNineteen patients with a PIAAA, three with an IAPG following open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and six with an IASG following endovascular aortic repair underwent in situ prosthetic graft replacement with infected tissue and graft removal. In‐hospital mortality was 7.1% (2/28). One died of bleeding on postoperative day 12, and the other died of hepatic failure on postoperative day 32. Of six patients with an IASG, two had major complications that were related to barb injury at the proximal aorta. The reinfection rate was 14.3% (4 of 28) during a mean follow‐up of 35.7 months (1–142 months). All new grafts of three patients with IAPG were reinfected. The other patient became reinfected after surgery for PIAAA with iatrogenic small bowel perforation that was not detected during surgery.ConclusionsIn situ graft replacement of PIAAA and IASG is feasible with acceptable outcomes, but the outcome for IAPG is questionable.
Facultative multiple breeding as a female conditional strategy in Japanese tits: partner's quality affects the initiation of second clutches
Authors: Nomi Daisuke , Yuta Teru , Koizumi Itsuro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMultiple breeding within the same season is a typical reproductive strategy among short‐lived species. Despite the apparent increase in the number of offspring, not all individuals become multiple breeders in most species or populations, known as facultative multiple breeding (FMB). Elucidating the mechanisms producing FMB would be a significant contribution to a better understanding of the complex life histories in wild populations. In the present study, we regarded FMB as a female alternative reproductive tactic (ART) and examined the factors affecting reproductive decisions. ARTs have been investigated mostly in males and male conditions. However, in many bird species both parents raise their offspring and, therefore, a partner's condition may also affect ARTs. We analyzed 6 years of data on multiple breeding in Japanese tits (Parus minor) in northern Japan, where nearly half of breeding pairs reproduce multiple times within breeding seasons. We found that females started breeding early were more likely to breed again in that season. Also, females paired with older males start breeding earlier, suggesting that factors associated with male age, such as territory quality, influence whether a female has multiple broods or not. We found no trade‐off between multiple breeding and female apparent survival. Rather, multiple breeders exhibited a higher apparent survival than single breeders. These results suggested that late‐started females may take an alternative tactic by avoiding the cost of second breeding and concentrating on post‐fledging care of the first broods. We also demonstrated the partner's roles in the decision of conditional strategy.
Weak and Strong Type $$A_1$$–$$A_\infty $$ Estimates for Sparsely Dominated Operators
Authors: Frey Dorothee , Nieraeth Zoe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe consider operatorsTsatisfying a sparse domination property$$\begin{aligned} |\langle Tf,g\rangle |\le c\sum _{Q\in \mathscr {S}}\langle f\rangle _{p_0,Q}\langle g\rangle _{q_0',Q}|Q| \end{aligned}$$|⟨Tf,g⟩|≤c∑Q∈S⟨f⟩p0,Q⟨g⟩q0′,Q|Q|with averaging exponents$$1\le p_0<q_0\le \infty $$1≤p0<q0≤∞. We prove weighted strong type boundedness for$$p_0<p<q_0$$p0<p<q0and use new techniques to prove weighted weak type$$(p_0,p_0)$$(p0,p0)boundedness with quantitative mixed$$A_1$$A1–$$A_\infty $$A∞estimates, generalizing results of Lerner, Ombrosi, and Pérez and Hytönen and Pérez. Even in the case$$p_0=1$$p0=1we improve upon their results as we do not make use of a Hörmander condition of the operatorT. Moreover, we also establish a dual weak type$$(q_0',q_0')$$(q0′,q0′)estimate. In a last part, we give a result on the optimality of the weighted strong type bounds including those previously obtained by Bernicot, Frey, and Petermichl.
Nasal Bone Assessment and Credibility of Visualization Between 11 and 14 Weeks: Experience in a Tertiary Fetal Medicine Center
Authors: Kandasamy Subapriya , Paul Raj Sherina 
Published: February 2018

Abstract The objective of our study was to assess the visualization of nasal bone in the first trimester and its credibility, by an experienced operator in a Tertiary Fetal Medicine Center. A total of 1245 women with singleton and multiple pregnancies, who were referred for routine first trimester ultrasound at 11–14 weeks of gestation were assessed for the presence or absence of nasal bone in the fetus. The study was conducted at a Fetal Medicine Center in South India, by a highly experienced Fetal Medicine Consultant, during the period from October 2015 to December 2016. The fetal nasal bone was imaged in 1200 of these fetuses (NB +). Twenty-three patients had isolated absence of nasal bone, with no other associated markers like tricuspid regurgitation (TR), ductus venosus reversal or associated anomalies and three patients had an associated finding of TR. In 19 patients, nasal bone was imaged with difficulty. However, biochemical screening turned out to be negative in these patients and during the second trimester scan, nasal bone was present in all cases. Apart from this, five cases for which we had reported that the nasal bone was visualized normally in the 11–14 weeks scan, nasal bone was found to be absent in the second trimester scan. These patients were given the option of direct sampling. Three were found to have normal karyotype. One patient chose to terminate the pregnancy and the other patient was lost for follow up. The study points the difficulties faced by even experienced sonographers in the application of the fetal nasal bone as an additional screening tool in the first trimester scans. In order to improve the efficacy of nasal bone assessment in the prediction of trisomy 21, we recommended that the nasal bone be re-assessed during the performance of anomaly scan. The detection rate remains the same, however, the errors due to the first trimester technical difficulties can be avoided with re-assessment.
Immediate Weight-bearing as Tolerated has Improved Outcomes Compared to Non–weight-bearing after Surgical Stabilisation of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures in Polytrauma Patients
Authors: Brian Cunningham , Jennifer Tangtiphaiboontana , Hrayr Basmajian , Ryan Mclemore , Brian Miller , Anthony Rhorer , Gilbert Ortega 
Published: February 2018

Background Clavicle fractures are common injuries in the polytrauma population and frequently limit early mobilisation. This study evaluates the effect of immediate crutch weight-bearing (WB) in polytrauma patients after surgical stabilisation of a displaced midshaft clavicle fracture. Methods A retrospective review identified 26 polytrauma patients with operatively managed displaced midshaft clavicle fractures and a non–weight-bearing (NWB) lower extremity injury. Patients were allowed immediate WB after surgery or NWB. The primary outcome was total hospital length of stay. Statistical analysis was done using Mann–Whitney U test. Results The WB group had decreased total hospital length of stay (10.4 vs. 17.0 days, p = 0.012) and improved physical therapy score (3.9 vs. 2.9, p = 0.054) and postoperative length of stay (6.8 vs. 12.7 days, p = 0.006) compared with the NWB group. Conclusions Our data suggest that an immediate WB as tolerated protocol for polytrauma patients after surgical fixation of displaced clavicle fractures may decrease the overall length of stay.
Trust, Economic Development and Attitudes toward Immigration
Authors: Chang Han Il , Kang Woo Chang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe examine (1) how trust in foreigners and trust in political institutions affect attitudes toward immigration and (2) the moderating effect of economic development on those impacts, analyzing data from the fifth wave of the World Values Survey. We find that natives who trust foreigners are more tolerant toward immigration and that economic development positively moderates the impact of trust in foreigners on the attitudes. Meanwhile, we find only mixed evidence for the impact of trust in political institutions and the moderating role of economic development in the impact. We conclude by discussing the implications of the findings.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies a Novel SCN5A mutation (C335R) in a Chinese family with arrhythmia
Authors: Huang Hao , Ding Dong-Bo , Fan Liang-Liang , Jin Jie-Yuan , Li Jing-Jing , Guo Shuai , Chen Ya-qin , Xiang Rong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSCN5A encodes sodium-channel α-subunit Nav1.5. The mutations of SCN5A can lead to hereditary cardiac arrhythmias such as the long-QT syndrome type 3 and Brugada syndrome. Here we sought to identify novel mutations in a family with arrhythmia.MethodsGenomic DNA was isolated from blood of the proband, who was diagnosed with atrial flutter. Illumina Hiseq 2000 whole-exome sequencing was performed and an arrhythmia-related gene-filtering strategy was used to analyse the pathogenic genes. Sanger sequencing was applied to verify the mutation co-segregated in the family.Results and conclusionsA novel missense mutation in SCN5A (C335R) was identified, and this mutation co-segregated within the affected family members. This missense mutation was predicted to result in amplitude reduction in peak Na+ current, further leading to channel protein dysfunction. Our study expands the spectrum of SCN5A mutations and contributes to genetic counselling of families with arrhythmia.
Quantitative peptidomics of endogenous peptides involved in TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition of renal epithelial cells
Authors: Kanlaya Rattiyaporn , Thongboonkerd Visith 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTGF-β1 is a key fibrotic factor mediating epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epithelial cells through various signaling pathways. However, roles of proteolytic cleavage and endogenous peptide dynamics in TGF-β1-induced EMT remain unknown. We therefore performed quantitative peptidomics of TGF-β1-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells. The acquired mesenchymal characteristics were confirmed, including morphological change (from cobblestone-like to fibroblast-like), decreased epithelial marker (ZO-1), and increased mesenchymal marker (vimentin). Quantitative peptidomics using stable isotope labeling revealed significantly altered levels of 70 unique endogenous peptides (derived from internal and C-terminal parts of 39 unique precursor proteins) after EMT induction. Interestingly, the majority of these peptides were derived from non-short-lived proteins, and analysis of P1 position revealed predominance of hydrophobic residues, suggesting that these endogenous peptides were generated mainly from proteasome cleavage. This hypothesis was confirmed by treating the cells with MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor), which provided almost identical endogenous peptide pattern as of the TGF-β1-treated cells. Moreover, validation assay showed marked reduction of proteasome peptidase activity in both TGF-β1-treated and MG132-treated cells. This is the first peptidome dataset that provides several novel aspects of mechanisms for TGF-β1-induced EMT. Our data also suggest that TGF-β1 exerts inhibitory effect against proteasome activity during EMT induction.
The p55TNFR-IKK2-Ripk3 axis orchestrates arthritis by regulating death and inflammatory pathways in synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Armaka Marietta , Ospelt Caroline , Pasparakis Manolis , Kollias George 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNFκB activation and regulated cell death are important in tissue homeostasis, inflammation and pathogenesis. Here we show the role of the p55TNFR–IKK2l–Ripk3 axis in the regulation of synovial fibroblast homeostasis and pathogenesis in TNF-mediated mouse models of arthritis. Mesenchymal-specific p55TNFR triggering is indispensable for arthritis in acute and chronic TNF-dependent models. IKK2 in joint mesenchymal cells is necessary for the development of cartilage destruction and bone erosion; however, in its absence synovitis still develops. IKK2 deletion affects arthritic and antiapoptotic gene expression leading to hypersensitization of synovial fibroblasts to TNF/Ripk1-mediated death via district mechanisms, depending on acute or chronic TNF signals. Moreover, Ripk3 is dispensable for TNF-mediated arthritis, yet it is required for synovitis in mice with mesenchymal-specific IKK2 deletion. These results demonstrate that p55TNFR–IKK2–Ripk3 signalling orchestrates arthritogenic and death responses in synovial fibroblasts, suggesting that therapeutic manipulation of this pathway in arthritis may require combinatorial blockade of both IKK2 and Ripk3 signals.
Protactinium and the intersection of actinide and transition metal chemistry
Authors: Wilson Richard E. , De Sio Stephanie , Vallet Valérie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe role of the 5f and 6d orbitals in the chemistry of the actinide elements has been of considerable interest since their discovery and synthesis. Relativistic effects cause the energetics of the 5f and 6d orbitals to change as the actinide series is traversed left to right imparting a rich and complex chemistry. The 5f and 6d atomic states cross in energy at protactinium (Pa), making it a potential intersection between transition metal and actinide chemistries. Herein, we report the synthesis of a Pa-peroxo cluster, A6(Pa4O(O2)6F12) [A = Rb, Cs, (CH3)4N], formed in pursuit of an actinide polyoxometalate. Quantum chemical calculations at the density functional theory level demonstrate equal 5f and 6d orbital participation in the chemistry of Pa and increasing 5f orbital participation for the heavier actinides. Periodic changes in orbital character to the bonding in the early actinides highlights the influence of the 5f orbitals in their reactivity and chemical structure.
The plant-specific histone residue Phe41 is important for genome-wide H3.1 distribution
Authors: Lu Li , Chen Xiangsong , Qian Shuiming , Zhong Xuehua 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe dynamic incorporation of histone variants influences chromatin structure and many biological processes. In Arabidopsis, the canonical variant H3.1 differs from H3.3 in four residues, one of which (H3.1Phe41) is unique and conserved in plants. However, its evolutionary significance remains unclear. Here, we show that Phe41 first appeared in H3.1 in ferns and became stable during land plant evolution. Unlike H3.1, which is specifically enriched in silent regions, H3.1F41Y variants gain ectopic accumulation at actively transcribed regions. Reciprocal tail and core domain swap experiments between H3.1 and H3.3 show that the H3.1 core, while necessary, is insufficient to restrict H3.1 to silent regions. We conclude that the vascular-plant-specific Phe41 is critical for H3.1 genomic distribution and may act collaboratively with the H3.1 core to regulate deposition patterns. This study reveals that Phe41 may have evolved to provide additional regulation of histone deposition in plants.
CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer depends on the histone methyltransferase EZH2 activity
Authors: Karakashev Sergey , Zhu Hengrui , Wu Shuai , Yokoyama Yuhki , Bitler Benjamin G. , Park Pyoung-Hwa , Lee Jeong-Heon , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Gaonkar Krutika Satish , Yan Huihuang , Drapkin Ronny , Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Speicher David W. , Ordog Tamas , Zhang Rugang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCARM1 is an arginine methyltransferase that asymmetrically dimethylates protein substrates on arginine residues. CARM1 is often overexpressed in human cancers. However, clinically applicable cancer therapeutic strategies based on CARM1 expression remain to be explored. Here, we report that EZH2 inhibition is effective in CARM1-expressing epithelial ovarian cancer. Inhibition of EZH2 activity using a clinically applicable small molecule inhibitor significantly suppresses the growth of CARM1-expressing, but not CARM1-deficient, ovarian tumors in two xenograft models and improves the survival of mice bearing CARM1-expressing ovarian tumors. The observed selectivity correlates with reactivation of EZH2 target tumor suppressor genes in a CARM1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CARM1 promotes EZH2-mediated silencing of EZH2/BAF155 target tumor suppressor genes by methylating BAF155, which leads to the displacement of BAF155 by EZH2. Together, these results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 represents a novel therapeutic strategy for CARM1-expressing cancers.
Absolute marine gravimetry with matter-wave interferometry
Authors: Bidel Y. , Zahzam N. , Blanchard C. , Bonnin A. , Cadoret M. , Bresson A. , Rouxel D. , Lequentrec-Lalancette M. F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMeasuring gravity from an aircraft or a ship is essential in geodesy, geophysics, mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, and navigation. Today, only relative sensors are available for onboard gravimetry. This is a major drawback because of the calibration and drift estimation procedures which lead to important operational constraints. Atom interferometry is a promising technology to obtain onboard absolute gravimeter. But, despite high performances obtained in static condition, no precise measurements were reported in dynamic. Here, we present absolute gravity measurements from a ship with a sensor based on atom interferometry. Despite rough sea conditions, we obtained precision below 10−5 m s−2. The atom gravimeter was also compared with a commercial spring gravimeter and showed better performances. This demonstration opens the way to the next generation of inertial sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope) based on atom interferometry which should provide high-precision absolute measurements from a moving platform.