bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulatory effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf extract against oxidative stress and hepatic TNF-α gene expression in acute diazinon-induced liver injury in rats
Authors: Ahmadi Arezoo , Heidarian Esfandiar , Ghatreh-Samani Keihan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Diazinon (DZN) causes serious liver damage in both humans and animals. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf extract against DZN-induced liver injury were examined.

Methods
Forty male rats were divided into five groups. The control group received a normal diet. The DZN group received DZN only (25 mg/kg, po). The DZN + Syl group received DZN (25 mg/kg, po) and silymarin (Syl) (50 mg/kg, po). The DZN + Art group received DZN (25 mg/kg, po) and artichoke (Art) leaf extract (1500 mg/kg, po). The Art group received Art leaf extract only (1500 mg/kg, po). After 15 days, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipid profile, protein carbonyl content, serum and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic TNF-α gene expression, hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and vitamin C (Vit C) were measured and histopathological examination was performed.

Results
DZN caused a significant elevation in serum ALP, AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, protein carbonyl, hepatic MDA, and TNF-α gene expression in the DZN group as opposed to the control group. Also, DZN led to the reduction of hepatic CAT, SOD, and Vit C in the DZN group relative to the control group. The administration of Art extract resulted in not only a significant reduction in serum ALP, AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, and protein carbonyl but also an improvement of liver histopathological changes and hepatic CAT and SOD activities as opposed to the DZN group.

Conclusions
This study confirmed that Art leaf extract has liver protective effects and causes downregulation of oxidative stress in acute DZN-induced liver injury in rats.
Coherent nonlinear optics of quantum emitters in nanophotonic waveguides
Authors: Türschmann Pierre , Le Jeannic Hanna , Simonsen Signe F. , Haakh Harald R. , Götzinger Stephan , Sandoghdar Vahid , Lodahl Peter , Rotenberg Nir 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Coherent quantum optics, where the phase of a photon is not scrambled as it interacts with an emitter, lies at the heart of many quantum optical effects and emerging technologies. Solid-state emitters coupled to nanophotonic waveguides are a promising platform for quantum devices, as this element can be integrated into complex photonic chips. Yet, preserving the full coherence properties of the coupled emitter-waveguide system is challenging because of the complex and dynamic electromagnetic landscape found in the solid state. Here, we review progress toward coherent light-matter interactions with solid-state quantum emitters coupled to nanophotonic waveguides. We first lay down the theoretical foundation for coherent and nonlinear light-matter interactions of a two-level system in a quasi-one-dimensional system, and then benchmark experimental realizations. We discuss higher order nonlinearities that arise as a result of the addition of photons of different frequencies, more complex energy level schemes of the emitters, and the coupling of multiple emitters via a shared photonic mode. Throughout, we highlight protocols for applications and novel effects that are based on these coherent interactions, the steps taken toward their realization, and the challenges that remain to be overcome.
Thinking out loud: A discourse analysis of ‘thinking’ during talk radio interactions
Authors: Horowitz Ava D. , Kilby Laura 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Early work in discursive psychology highlighted the rhetorical strength of devices that serve to establish matters as objective facts. More recently, there has been increasing interest within this discipline concerning mental state invocations (e.g. imagining; knowing; intending), which typically convey speaker subjectivity. Elsewhere, linguists have examined the social business enabled by speakers’ deployment of cognitive verbs, a prime example of which deals with overt references to thinking. The current article sets out to extend the work on thinking by synthesizing research from discursive psychology, linguistics, and conversation analysis in order to undertake an integrated analysis of thinking. In our examination of a UK talk radio corpus, comprising data from 11 talk radio shows, we demonstrate three discursive functions of deploying a thinking device: setting an intersubjective agenda; doing opinion; and managing ‘facts’. An integrated approach allows us to examine the rhetorical strength of these subjectivizing maneuvers, and contribute to the existing body of work concerning the discursive deployment of thinking and mental state terms.
Effect of Irreversible Electrochemical Reaction on Diffusion and Diffusion-Induced Stresses in Spherical Composition–Gradient Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zheng Bailin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Composition–gradient electrodes have been proved to have excellent electrochemical performances. The effect of irreversible electrochemical reaction on diffusion and diffusion-induced stresses in such electrodes is investigated. The diffusion equation and mechanical equation considering the electrochemical reaction and the heterogeneous factors are derived, and the distributions of lithium (Li) concentration and stresses in a spherical electrode are obtained under potentiostatic charging. The results indicate that the electrochemical reaction will slow down the diffusion process and enhance the stresses of the electrode. However, the heterogeneous factors of the electrochemical reaction could provide a positive effect on the stresses, which means that the heterogeneous factor is conducive to avoid capacity fading of the battery. The results suggest that the composition–gradient electrodes could be designed to have a decreasing transition form of forward reaction rate and an increasing transition form of the difference of atomic volume between reactants and the reaction product.
A 28-Day Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet Improves Markers of Cardiometabolic Health and Performance in Professional Firefighters
Authors: Waldman Hunter S. , Smith JohnEric W. , Lamberth John , Fountain Brent J. , McAllister Matthew J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Waldman, HS, Smith, JW, Lamberth, J, Fountain, BJ, and McAllister, MJ. A 28-day carbohydrate-restricted diet improves markers of cardiometabolic health and performance in professional firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3284–3294, 2019—We investigated the effects of a 4-week ad-libitum, nonketogenic, carbohydrate-restricted (<25% of calories) diet (CRD) on cardiometabolic and performance markers in firefighters (FF). Subjects (n = 15) completed 9 sessions (trials 1–3 [familiarization], trials 4–6 [baseline], and trials 7–9 [post-CRD]). Following habitual western diet, anthropometric measures were assessed, glucose tolerance measured, and then completed a graded cycling test, maximal Wingate test, and conducted their FF physical performance assessment (FPPA) to measure performance while metabolic variables and perceptual responses were recorded. Subjects then adhered to a CRD for a 4-week duration and returned for repeat testing. Body fat as measured by BodPod, and 7-site skinfold thickness decreased (p < 0.01), and a decrease was observed in blood pressure (BP) (p < 0.01; ∼5 mm Hg) after CRD. There were no differences found for glucose tolerance, but an increase was found for fat oxidation rates (p < 0.01; ∼0.07 g·min−1) and a decrease in carbohydrate oxidation rates across a range of intensities (p < 0.01; ∼0.24 g·min−1). Finally, the 2.41-km run and pull-up performance during the FPPA improved (p < 0.01; ∼41 second and 3 repetitions, respectively) and with no differences observed between treatments regarding the Wingate test. To date, this is the first CRD implemented with FF and resulted in decreased fat mass (∼2.4 kg), BP, and improvements to performance on the FPPA while preserving high-intensity exercise. These data suggest that a 28-day CRD can benefit markers of health in professional FF without detriments to occupational performance.
Change in Lactate, Ammonia, and Hypoxanthine Concentrations in a 1-Year Training Cycle in Highly Trained Athletes: Applying Biomarkers as Tools to Assess Training Status
Authors: Włodarczyk Michał , Kusy Krzysztof , Słomińska Ewa , Krasiński Zbigniew , Zieliński Jacek 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Włodarczyk, M, Kusy, K, Słomińska, E, Krasiński, Z, and Zieliński, J. Change in lactate, ammonia, and hypoxanthine concentrations in a 1-year training cycle in highly trained athletes: applying biomarkers as tools to assess training status. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 355–364, 2020—The aim was to determine changes in biomarker (LA, NH3, purine metabolites) blood concentration during graded exercise and recovery throughout an annual training cycle in highly trained athletes of different training profiles. The study included 12 sprinters (SP, 21–30 years), 11 triathletes (TR, 20–31 years), 12 futsal players (FU, 19–31 years), and 13 amateur runners (AM, 20–33 years). Purine metabolite (hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid), ammonia (NH3), and lactate (LA) concentrations were determined at rest, during an incremental treadmill exercise test (every 3 minutes), and during recovery (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes postexercise) in 4 phases of an annual training cycle. Purine metabolite concentration was determined from plasma, whereas LA and NH3 from whole blood. For LA during exercise and recovery, certain significant differences between training phases within groups were observed for FU, TR, and SP but not for AM. For NH3, the greatest differences between examination points were observed for SP and TR near maximal exercise and in the first few stages of recovery. For hypoxanthine (Hx), the largest amount of differences between examination points was observed for FU, TR, and FU throughout the entire exercise spectrum. Biomarker concentration dynamics change during an incremental exercise test and postexercise in an annual training cycle. Biomarker responses differ depending on training type and magnitude of training loads used in various phases of an annual training cycle. When assessing training status using an incremental exercise test throughout an annual training cycle, NH3 and Hx concentration changes are more sensitive compared with LA.
Comunicação e Organizações: “re”conhecendo o processo comunicativo a partir das tecnologias digitais
Authors: Conceição Joilson Francisco da , Possari Lucia Helena Vendrusculo , Siqueira Aline Wendpap Nunes , Rodrigues Adriele Cristina , Wollenhaupt Solange 
Published: August 2019

O presente texto aborda o tema escolhido para ser um curso de extensão. O desdobramento do tema se deu em quatro concepções: Assessoria de comunicação, Uso de tecnologias para a comunicação na/da organização, Linguagens do corpo nas organizações e Produção de textos. Para além do relato, o artigo aponta a importância de se “re”conhecer a comunicação nas organizações, principalmente, a partir do uso das tecnologias digitais. Essas têm sido as protagonistas para a solução de problemas. O uso das linguagens verbal e não verbal, com adequação para se obter resultados de interação e de interatividade, se fez presente nos módulos do curso. As concepções que embasaram as ações se mostram aqui como possibilidade de compreensão do que seja comunicação, linguagens, interação e interatividade.
Microglia Mediate HIV-1 gp120-Induced Synaptic Degeneration in Spinal Pain Neural Circuits
Authors: Ru Wenjuan , Liu Xin , Bae Chilman , Shi Yuqiang , Walikonis Randall , Mo Chung Jin , Tang Shao-Jun 
Published: August 2019

HIV-1 infection of the nervous system causes various neurological diseases, and synaptic degeneration is likely a critical step in the neuropathogenesis. Our prior studies revealed a significant decrease of synaptic protein, specifically in the spinal dorsal horn of patients with HIV-1 in whom pain developed, suggesting a potential contribution of synaptic degeneration to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain. However, the mechanism by which HIV-1 causes the spinal synaptic degeneration is unclear. Here, we identified a critical role of microglia in the synaptic degeneration. In primary cortical cultures (dayin vitro14) and spinal cords of 3- to 5-month-old mice (both sexes), microglial ablation inhibited gp120-induced synapse decrease. Fractalkine (FKN), a microglia activation chemokine specifically expressed in neurons, was upregulated by gp120, and knockout of the FKN receptor CX3CR1, which is predominantly expressed in microglia, protected synapses from gp120-induced toxicity. These results indicate that the neuron-to-microglia intercellular FKN/CX3CR1 signaling plays a role in gp120-induced synaptic degeneration. To elucidate the mechanism controlling this intercellular signaling, we tested the role of the Wnt/β–catenin pathway in regulating FKN expression. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling blocked both gp120-induced FKN upregulation and synaptic degeneration, and gp120 stimulated Wnt/β-catenin-regulated FKN expression via NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Furthermore, NMDAR antagonist APV, Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppressor DKK1, or knockout of CX3CR1 alleviated gp120-induced mechanical allodynia in mice, suggesting a critical contribution of the Wnt/β–catenin/FKN/CX3R1 pathway to gp120-induced pain. These findings collectively suggest that HIV-1 gp120 induces synaptic degeneration in the spinal pain neural circuit by activating microglia via Wnt3a/β-catenin-regulated FKN expression in neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic degeneration develops in the spinal cord dorsal horn of HIV patients with chronic pain, but the patients without the pain disorder do not show this neuropathology, indicating a pathogenic contribution of the synaptic degeneration to the development of HIV-associated pain. However, the mechanism underlying the synaptic degeneration is unclear. We report here that HIV-1 gp120, a neurotoxic protein that is specifically associated with the manifestation of pain in HIV patients, induces synapse loss via microglia. Further studies elucidate that gp120 activates microglia by stimulating Wnt/β-catenin-regulated fractalkine in neuron. The results demonstrate a critical role of microglia in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated synaptic degeneration in the spinal pain neural circuit.
Genomic Prediction Including SNP-Specific Variance Predictors
Authors: Mouresan Elena Flavia , Selle Maria , Rönnegård Lars 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe increasing amount of available biological information on the markers can be used to inform the models applied for genomic selection to improve predictions. The objective of this study was to propose a general model for genomic selection using a link function approach within the hierarchical generalized linear model framework (hglm) that can include external information on the markers. These models can be fitted using the well-established hglm package in R. We also present an R package (CodataGS) to fit these models, which is significantly faster than the hglm package. Simulated data were used to validate the proposed model. We tested categorical, continuous and combination models where the external information on the markers was related to 1) the location of the QTL on the genome with varying degree of uncertainty, 2) the relationship of the markers with the QTL calculated as the LD between them, and 3) a combination of both. The proposed models showed improved accuracies from 3.8% up to 23.2% compared to the SNP-BLUP method in a simulated population derived from a base population with 100 individuals. Moreover, the proposed categorical model was tested on a dairy cattle dataset for two traits (Milk Yield and Fat Percentage). These results also showed improved accuracy compared to SNP-BLUP, especially for the Fat% trait. The performance of the proposed models depended on the genetic architecture of the trait, as traits that deviate from the infinitesimal model benefited more from the external information. Also, the gain in accuracy depended on the degree of uncertainty of the external information provided to the model. The usefulness of these type of models is expected to increase with time as more accurate information on the markers becomes available.
Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Varicella-Zoster Virus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marin Mona , Leung Jessica , Gershon Anne A. 
Published: August 2019

CONTEXT:Live vaccines usually provide robust immunity but can transmit the vaccine virus.OBJECTIVE:To assess the characteristics of secondary transmission of the vaccine-strain varicella-zoster virus (Oka strain; vOka) on the basis of the published experience with use of live varicella and zoster vaccines.DATA SOURCES:Systematic review of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus databases for articles published through 2018.STUDY SELECTION:Articles that reported original data on vOka transmission from persons who received vaccines containing the live attenuated varicella-zoster virus.DATA EXTRACTION:We abstracted data to describe vOka transmission by index patient’s immune status, type (varicella or herpes zoster) and severity of illness, and whether transmission was laboratory confirmed.RESULTS:Twenty articles were included. We identified 13 patients with vOka varicella after transmission from 11 immunocompetent varicella vaccine recipients. In all instances, the vaccine recipient had a rash: 6 varicella-like and 5 herpes zoster. Transmission occurred mostly to household contacts. One additional case was not considered direct transmission from a vaccine recipient, but the mechanism was uncertain. Transmission from vaccinated immunocompromised children also occurred only if the vaccine recipient developed a rash postvaccination. Secondary cases of varicella caused by vOka were mild.LIMITATIONS:It is likely that other vOka transmission cases remain unpublished.CONCLUSIONS:Healthy, vaccinated persons have minimal risk for transmitting vOka to contacts and only if a rash is present. Our findings support the existing recommendations for routine varicella vaccination and the guidance that persons with vaccine-related rash avoid contact with susceptible persons at high risk for severe varicella complications.
Students’ Perceptions and Design Considerations of Flipped Interpreting Classroom
Authors: Huynh Thi Lan , Nguyen Uyen Nu Thuy 
Published: August 2019

Digital technologies have become a driver of change that exerts tremendous impact across the disciplines, including education. The Flipped classroom model, carried out in a technology-enhanced environment, has been proven to bring educational innovations. However, in the Vietnamese educational context, the adoption of the flipped model in interpreting courses for undergraduate students has been hardly touched upon in the existing literature. This current study is, therefore, an attempt to examine English-majored students’ perceptions about this teaching model on Moodle Learning Management Platform and put forward some proposals in the design and implementation of the Flipped Interpreting course. The data were collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods, including a Likert-scale questionnaire and individual interviews. The results revealed that students had positive perceptions toward the adoption of Flipped model and Moodle platform. Analyzing the interconnection of three domains in CoI framework and the additional domain of Technology Use, the authors then offer further recommendations for effective implementation of the model in the EFL classroom context.
Distribucion, incidencia y severidad de la muerte descendente (Lasiodiplodia spp.) en lima persa en Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Valle-De la Paz Mairel , Guillén-Sánchez Dagoberto , Perales-Rosas Daniel , López-Martínez Víctor , Juárez-López Porfirio , Martínez-Fernández Edgar , Hernández-Arenas Marianguadalupe , Ariza-Flores Rafael , Gijón-Hernández Adriana Rosalía 
Published: August 2019

Se determinó la distribución, incidencia y severidad de la muerte descendente (<em>Lasiodiplodia</em> spp.) en lima persa (<em>Citrus latifolia</em>) en 46 huertos de seis años de edad, 25 árboles por huerto en los municipios de Amacuzac (7 huertos), Ayala (4), Coatlán del Río (9), Cuautla (1), Jantetelco (5), Jonacatepec (1), Puente de Ixtla (5), Tepalcingo (3) y Tlaltizapán de Zapata (11), del estado de Morelos, México. La incidencia fue determinada con base al número de plantas enfermas y la severidad mediante escala de daño de cuatro clases: 0= árbol sano, 1= exudación de goma, 2= agrietamiento con exposición de tejidos internos y 3= cancro bien definido y muerte descendente de ramas. La severidad fue transformada a porcentaje de infección con la fórmula de Townsend y Heuberger, analizados por Kruskal Wallis y separados por la comparación de medias, prueba de Tukey (?= 0.05) y p&lt; 0.0001 en incidencia y severidad. La enfermedad se registró en el 78% de los huertos, con incidencias de 31.8 a 100% y severidades de 30.0 al 100%. Los huertos con menor incidencia y severidad fueron los ubicados en Amacuzac, Ayala, Coatlán del Río y Tlaltizapán de Zapata.
PENGARUH MODEL QUANTUM TEACHING TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA DI KELAS X SMA ETHIKA PALEMBANG
Authors: Oktarina Seri , Ismail Fajri , Nery Rieno Septra 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model quantum teaching terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika siswa di kelas X SMA Ethika Palembang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah true experimental design dengan desain posttest-only control design, populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh siswa kelas X yang ada di SMA Ethika Palembang tahun ajaran 2015/2016 yang terdiri dari tiga kelas dengan jumlah siswa 101 siswa. Dari dua populasi diambil sampel dengan menggunakan penentuan sampel teknik simple random sampling didapatkan dua kelas sampel yaitu kelas X2 dengan jumlah 35 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas X1 berjumlah 33 siswa sebagai kelas ekperimen. Penelitian itu dilaksanakan sebanyak empat kali pertemuan. Pertemuan pertama sampai ketiga, kedua kelas diberi perlakuan yaitu kelas eksprimen dengan model quantum teaching dan kelas kontrol dengan model konvensional pada materi fungsi, fungsi sederhana dan fungsi kuadrat. Pada pertemuan keempat, kedua kelas dilakukan posttest untuk mengetahui adakah peningkatan pemahaman konsep matematika mereka setelah diberi perlakuan. Data penelitian ini dihasilkan dari tes. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan maka dapat disimpulkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa selama diterapkan model quantum teaching didapat maka hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima artinya ada pengaruh pemahaman konsep matematika siswa setelah diterapkan model quantum teaching di kelas X SMA Ethika Palembang