bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoresistance of cancer floating cells is independent of their ability to form 3D structures: Implications for anticancer drug screening
Authors: Kaushik Vivek , Yakisich Juan S. , Way Lillian Frances , Azad Neelam , Iyer Anand K. V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) culture systems such as floating spheroids (FSs) and floating tumorspheres (FTs) are widely used as tumor models of chemoresistance. FTs are considered to be enriched in cancer stem‐like cells (CS‐LCs). In this study, we used cancer cell lines (lung H460, prostate LnCAP, and breast MCF‐7) able to form FSs under anchorage‐independent conditions and compared with cell lines (prostate PC3 and breast MDA‐MB‐231) that cannot form FSs under similar conditions. Independent of their ability to form FTs all cell lines growing under anchorage‐independent conditions become highly resistant to obatoclax, colchicine, and hydroxyurea. We used anti‐E‐cadherin antibody (that blocked the formation of FSs) and demonstrated that floating LnCAP cells showed similar chemoresistance regardless of the formation of spheroids. Our results demonstrate that the development of chemoresistance is not because of the formation of a complex 3D structure and/or enrichment of CS‐LCs but is likely the result of cell detachment per se and their ability to survive under anchorage‐independent conditions. We propose that FSs and FTs could be useful models to study chemoresistance of cancer cells associated with cell detachment (e.g., circulating tumor cells) but they may not be representative of other types of chemoresistance that arise in vivo in attached cells.
Adipocyte biology: It is time to upgrade to a new model
Authors: Sadie‐Van Gijsen Hanél 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGlobally, the obesity pandemic is profoundly affecting quality of life and economic productivity, but efforts to address this, especially on a pharmacological level, have generally proven unsuccessful to date, serving as a stark demonstration that our understanding of adipocyte biology and pathophysiology is incomplete. To deliver better insight into adipocyte function and obesity, we need improved adipocyte models with a high degree of fidelity in representing the in vivo state and with a diverse range of experimental applications. Adipocyte cell lines, especially 3T3‐L1 cells, have been used extensively over many years, but these are limited in terms of relevance and versatility. In this review, I propose that primary adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) present a superior model with which to study adipocyte biology ex vivo. In particular, ASCs afford us the opportunity to study adipocytes from different, functionally distinct, adipose depots and to investigate, by means of in vivo/ex vivo studies, the effects of many different physiological and pathophysiological factors, such as age, body weight, hormonal status, diet and nutraceuticals, as well as disease and pharmacological treatments, on the biology of adipocytes and their precursors. This study will give an overview of the characteristics of ASCs and published studies utilizing ASCs, to highlight the areas where our knowledge is lacking. More comprehensive studies in primary ASCs will contribute to an improved understanding of adipose tissue, in healthy and dysfunctional states, which will enhance our efforts to more successfully manage and treat obesity.
Heat‐shock protein B1 upholds the cytoplasm reduced state to inhibit activation of the Hippo pathway in H9c2 cells
Authors: Liu Xiehong , Liu Ke , Li Caiyan , Cai Jiaodi , Huang Li , Chen Huan , Wang Hao , Zou Jiang , Liu Meidong , Wang Kangkai , Tan Sipin , Zhang Huali 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHeat‐shock protein B1 (HSPB1) is a multifunctional protein that protects against oxidative stress; however, its function in antioxidant pathways remains largely unknown. Here, we sought to determine the roles of HSPB1 in H9c2 cells subjected to oxidative stress. Using nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we found that increased HSPB1 expression promoted the reduced states of glutathione reductase (GR), peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), and thioredoxin 1, whereas knockdown of HSPB1 attenuated these responses following oxidative stress. Increased HSPB1 expression promoted the activation of GR and thioredoxin reductase. Conversely, knockdown of HSPB1 attenuated these responses following oxidative stress. Importantly, overexpression of HSPB1 promoted the complex formation between HSPB1 and oxidized Prx1, leading to dephosphorylation of STE‐mammalian STE20‐like kinase 1 (MST1) in H9c2 cells exposed to H2O
2, whereas downregulation of HSPB1 induced the opposite results. Mechanistically, HSPB1 regulated the Hippo pathway by enhancing the dephosphorylation of MST1, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of LATS1 and Yes‐associated protein (YAP). Moreover, HSPB1 regulated YAP‐dependent gene expression. Thus, HSPB1 promoted the reduced state of endogenous antioxidant pathways following oxidative stress in H9c2 cells and improved the redox state of the cytoplasm via modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway.
Cover Image, Volume 93, Issue 10
Authors: Wang Guanhua , Xia Yue , Liang Benke , Sui Wenjie , Si Chuanling 
Published: September 2018

The cover image, by Guanhua Wang et al., is based on the Research Article Successive ethanol‐water fractionation of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin to concentrate its antimicrobial activity, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5656.
image
Cobalt‐doped biogenic manganese oxides for enhanced tetracycline degradation by activation of peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Luo Haiqiong , Xie Yi , Niu Jinye , Xiao Yaxiong , Li Yulin , Wang Yabo , Zhang Yongkui , Xie Tonghui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTetracycline (TC) residues in water and soil have received wide attention due to their adverse effects on human health and ecosystem. Layer‐structured biogenic manganese oxides (BMOs) could be obtained from fungi Pleosporales sp. Y‐5 culture. Cobalt doping into BMOs (Co‐BMOs) was conducted by a facile impregnation‐calcination method to eliminate TC residues through activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS).RESULTSThe TC in aqueous solution could be nearly completely removed in about 10 minutes under the optimal condition ([TC] = 50 mg L−1, [catalyst] = 0.2 g L−1, [PMS] = 0.4 g L−1, 25°C). The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) identified the coexistence of SO4−• and OH• during PMS activation. The Co‐BMOs catalyst remained great catalytic activity after five runs. Possible mechanism of PMS activation and TC degradation pathway were proposed. Preliminary biological toxicity test using green algae Chlorella vulgaris (FACHB‐8) as ecological indicator confirmed that TC degradation solution was less toxic than the original solution.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated high catalytic activity and stability of Co‐BMOs for degradation of TC by PMS activation. The Co‐BMOs/PMS system is helpful in new efforts for TC degradation without generation of more toxic intermediates. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Epidemiology of human astroviruses among children younger than 5 years: Prospective hospital‐based sentinel surveillance in South Africa, 2009‐2014
Authors: Nadan Sandrama , Taylor Maureen B. , Groome Michelle J. , Cohen Cheryl , Madhi Shabir A. , Page Nicola A. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe epidemiology of human astroviruses (HAstVs) in hospitalised patients less than 5 years of age from selected sites in South Africa was investigated. Diarrheagenic stool specimens collected from April 2009 to May 2014 were screened retrospectively for selected viruses, bacteria and parasites.MethodPatient data were analysed to identify epidemiologic factors most frequently detected with HAstV infections. The following case‐comparisons were investigated; HAstV‐positive and HAstV‐negative children, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and HIV‐uninfected (HAstV‐positive) children and HIV‐exposed and unexposed (HAstV‐positive HIV‐uninfected) children.ResultsAstrovirus was identified in 7.0% (234/3340) of cases and most frequently in ages 7 to 12 months (9.2%; 90/975) compared with 5.8% to 6.6% in other 6‐month age groups. No seasonal trends were observed. More HAstVs were detected in children from homes that used outdoor water sources (7.6%) compared to indoor sources [5.7%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1‐2.1;
P = 0.009]. Astroviruses were detected in 8.4% (67/799) of HIV‐uninfected patients that were exposed to HIV compared with 5.9% (74/1257) of HIV‐unexposed patients (
P = 0.032).ConclusionAstroviruses were most prevalent in children aged 7 to 12 months and were detected throughout the study period. The study was limited as only hospitalised patients were investigated and no comparisons were made to diarrhoea‐free control groups. Future HAstV surveillance should include community‐based studies and children presenting at outpatient facilities.
Sedimentation during Marine Isotope Stage 3 at the eastern margins of the Glacial Lake Humber basin, England
Authors: Evans David J. A. , Roberts David H. , Bateman Mark D. , Medialdea Alicia , Ely Jeremy , Moreton Steven G. , Clark Chris D. , Fabel Derek 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe stratigraphic sequence at North Cave, on the eastern margins of the Lake Humber basin, records the deposition of a fluvioperiglacial fan (LFs 1–4), with early sedimentation (LF1) dating to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (optically stimulated luminescence date range 41.8–38.6 ka and14C dates 41.6–49 ka BP). Three phases of permafrost and ice wedge development during MIS 3 are evident and indicate possible fan abandonment and hence periods of reduced nival runoff. Involution structures dated to 11.1 ka with large boulders and fine‐grained sorted circles in LF4b are interpreted as periglacially cryoturbated littoral deposits with boulders derived from anchor ice, initially deposited at the margins of Lake Humber up to an altitude of 8 m OD during MIS 2. The style and age of fluvioperiglacial fan deposition at North Cave is compatible with several mid‐Devensian sites around Britain characterized by significant nival melt and run‐off from steeply incised valleys in permafrozen cuesta landscapes. This phase of fluvioperiglacial fan aggradation to near or below 0 m OD is recorded around the glacial lakes Humber and Fenland basins and indicates that no glacial lakes existed at that time.
What does an author want from a university publisher?
Authors: Winters Jane 
Published: September 2018

Key points

Automated responsiveness is efficient and reassuring, but personalized responsiveness makes an author feel valued.
On a very practical level, authors value timely peer review, perhaps above anything else.
The perceived drop in copyediting and production quality is a common author gripe.
Publishers need to be open about open access – many authors are not as knowledgeable as assumed.
Voluntary Corn Oil Ingestion Increases Energy Expenditure and Interscapular UCP1 Expression Through the Sympathetic Nerve in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Matsumura Shigenobu , Ishikawa Fuka , Sasaki Tsutomu , Odanaka Mayuki , Manio Mark Christian C. , Fushiki Tohru , Inoue Kazuo 
Published: September 2018

ScopePreviously, it has been found that corn oil ingestion activates both the gustatory system and brain reward system, stimulating motivation for eating. In the present study, the effect of voluntary corn oil ingestion on body weight gain and energy metabolism in mice is investigated.Methods and resultsVoluntary corn oil ingestion with normal chow feeding does not lead to higher body weight than that of only the chow‐fed control group. Mice that ingested corn oil have a higher total caloric intake and energy expenditure than did mice in the control group. Further, voluntary corn oil ingestion significantly upregulates Ucp1 mRNA and protein in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT). Finally, the sympathetic nerve connected to IBAT was surgically transacted, then the body weight is measured for 8 weeks. IBAT sympathetic nerve transection surgery does not affect the body weight gain and food intake; however, when mice ingested corn oil, it induces significant body weight gain without changing the total caloric intake. IBAT sympathetic nerve transection surgery significantly suppresses UCP1 upregulation by corn oil ingestion.ConclusionThe present data suggest that corn oil ingestion activates IBAT through the sympathetic nerve, upregulating UCP1 expression and increasing energy expenditure.
Comprehensive characterisation of polyphenols in leaves and stems of three anti‐dengue virus type‐2 active Brazilian Faramea species (Rubiaceae) by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Wolff Thiago , Berrueta Luis A. , Valente Ligia M.M. , Barboza Rodolfo S. , Neris Rômulo L.S. , Guimarães‐Andrade Iris P. , Assunção‐Miranda Iranaia , Nascimento Adriana C. , Gomes Mário , Gallo Blanca , Iriondo Carmen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe methanol (MeOH) leaf extracts of the species Faramea bahiensis, F. hyacinthina and F. truncata (Rubiaceae) have previously shown in vitro non‐cytotoxic and anti‐dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) activities in human hepatocarcinoma cell lineage (HepG2). Chemical studies have led to the isolation of major flavonoids, but quite complex fractions of phenolic compounds still remain.ObjectiveTo complete the study of phenolic compounds in the leaves and to access the presence of these compounds in the stems of these Faramea spp. by online high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector‐electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS), as well as to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti‐DENV2 activities of their MeOH stem extracts.MethodologyThe identification was performed by comparing retention times, UV and mass spectra with those of available standards and by using the mechanisms and fragmentation patterns established in previous studies. The effects of the extracts in DENV2 infected HepG2 cell viability was determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The virus titer was quantified by plaque assay.ResultsThe study led to the characterisation of 31 phenolic compounds including flavonoid O‐ and C‐glycosides, phenolic acids and one coumarin. The stem extracts from F. hyacinthina and F. bahiensis presented a similar bioactivity to those of their leaves but a loss of cytoprotective activity of F. bahiensis and a higher cytotoxicity of F. truncata were observed.ConclusionsThis research allowed a detailed phenolic composition of three bioactive Faramea species to be achieved, thus contributing to the study of this genus and providing valuable information for further phytotherapeutic applications.
Waterfall formation at a desert river–reservoir delta isolates endangered fishes
Authors: Cathcart Charles N. , Pennock Casey A. , Cheek Christopher A. , McKinstry Mark C. , MacKinnon Peter D. , Conner Mary M. , Gido Keith B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnforeseen interactions of dams and declining water availability have formed new obstacles to recovering endemic and endangered big‐river fishes. During a recent trend of drying climate and declining reservoir water levels in the Southwestern United States, a large waterfall has formed on two separate occasions (1989–1995 and 2001–present) in the transition zone between the San Juan River and Lake Powell reservoir because of deposited sediments. Since recovery plans for two large‐bodied endangered fish species, razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), include annual stockings in the San Juan River, this waterfall potentially blocks upstream movement of individuals that moved downstream from the river into the reservoir. To quantify the temporal variation in abundance of endangered fishes aggregating downstream of the waterfall and determine population demographics, we remotely monitored and sampled in spring 2015, 2016, and 2017 when these fish were thought to move upstream to spawn. Additionally, we used an open population model applied to tagged fish detected in 2017 to estimate population sizes. Colorado pikeminnow were so infrequently encountered (<30 individuals) that population estimates were not performed. Razorback sucker captures from sampling (335), and detections from remote monitoring (943) showed high abundance across all 3 years. The razorback sucker population estimate for 2017 alone was 755 individuals and, relative to recent population estimates ranging from ~2,000 to ~4,000 individuals, suggests that a substantial population exists seasonally downstream of this barrier. Barriers to fish movement in rivers above reservoirs are not unique; thus, the formation of this waterfall exemplifies how water development and hydrology can interact to cause unforeseen changes to a riverscape.
Rational Design Principles for the Transport and Subcellular Distribution of Nanomaterials into Plant Protoplasts
Authors: Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Wong Min Hao , Kwak Seon‐Yeong , Sinclair Rosalie , Koman Volodymyr B. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ability to control the subcellular localization of nanoparticles within living plants offers unique advantages for targeted biomolecule delivery and enables important applications in plant bioengineering. However, the mechanism of nanoparticle transport past plant biological membranes is poorly understood. Here, a mechanistic study of nanoparticle cellular uptake into plant protoplasts is presented. An experimentally validated mathematical model of lipid exchange envelope penetration mechanism for protoplasts, which predicts that the subcellular distribution of nanoparticles in plant cells is dictated by the particle size and the magnitude of the zeta potential, is advanced. The mechanism is completely generic, describing nanoparticles ranging from quantum dots, gold and silica nanoparticles, nanoceria, and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In addition, the use of imaging flow cytometry to investigate the influence of protoplasts' morphological characteristics on nanoparticle uptake efficiency is demonstrated. Using DNA‐wrapped SWNTs as model nanoparticles, it is found that glycerolipids, the predominant lipids in chloroplast membranes, exhibit stronger lipid–nanoparticle interaction than phospholipids, the major constituent in protoplast membrane. This work can guide the rational design of nanoparticles for targeted delivery into specific compartments within plant cells without the use of chemical or mechanical aid, potentially enabling various plant engineering applications.
Alternative Facts, Misinformation, and Fake News
Authors: Hendricks Vincent F. , Vestergaard Mads 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSome very specific topics stole the show the day Trump was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2017. The limelight topics are related to simple questions about the facts of the day: Did the sun shine or not during the inauguration speech? How large was the crowd? Was this crowd larger or smaller than the one present at President Obama’s first inauguration? It seemed clear from available photos and video footage that the sun did not shine at any point during Trump’s speech. Nonetheless, Trump claimed otherwise later that same day during his speech at Langley Air Force Base:
Interpretations of the Term “Actionable” when Discussing Genetic Test Results: What you Mean Is Not What I Heard
Authors: Gornick Michele C. , Ryan Kerry A. , Scherer Aaron M. , Scott Roberts J. , De Vries Raymond G. , Uhlmann Wendy R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn genomic medicine, the familiarity and inexactness of the term “actionable” can lead to multiple interpretations and mistaken beliefs about realistic treatment options. As part of a larger study focusing on public attitudes toward policies for the return of secondary genomic results, we looked at how members of the lay public interpret the term “medically actionable” in the context of genetic testing. We also surveyed a convenience sample of oncologists as part of a separate study and asked them to define the term “medically actionable.” After being provided with a definition of the term, 21 out of 60 (35%) layperson respondents wrote an additional action not specified in the provided definition (12 mentioned “cure” and 9 mentioned environment or behavioral change) and 17 (28%) indicated “something can be done” with no action specified. In contrast, 52 surveyed oncologists did not mention environment, behavioral change, or cure. Based on our findings, we propose that rather than using the term “actionable” alone, providers should also say “what they mean” to reduce miscommunication and confusion that could negatively impact medical decision‐making. Lastly, to guide clinicians during patient‐ provider discussion about genetic test results, we provide examples of phrasing to facilitate clearer communication and understanding of the term “actionable.”
Bone Mineral Density Among Individuals With Residual Lower Limb Weakness After Polio
Authors: Grill Beth , Levangie Pamela K. , Cole Maria , Rosenberg Darren , Jensen Leah 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundLiterature indicates that individuals with long‐term residual lower extremity (LE) weakness after polio have decreased bone mineral density (BMD) related to muscle weakness. Where weakness is asymmetrical, bone densitometry measured only on the stronger LE may misclassify BMD.ObjectiveTo determine (1) whether femoral neck BMD differed from side to side in individuals with asymmetrical LE muscle weakness, and (2) the proportion of individuals at risk for underdiagnosis of low bone density or osteoporosis given unilateral assessment of the femoral neck.DesignRetrospective study.SettingOutpatient postpolio center.ParticipantsPatients >18 years old with complete relevant data.Main Outcome MeasuresBone densitometry T scores, BMD categories based on standard T‐score ranges, and side of LE weakness determined by a strength score.ResultsForty‐three patients had at least 1 femoral neck T score and bilateral LE strength scores. Fourteen (32.5%) had bone densitometry only on their weaker LE and 14 (32.5%) had bone densitometry only on their stronger LE. Of the 15 patients with bone densitometry done on both femoral necks, T scores (mean [SD]) were lower in the weaker LE (−1.73 [1.09]) than the stronger LE (−0.88 [1.0]) (P = .001). Classification of low bone density or osteoporosis was more frequent based on T scores taken on a weaker LE (48.3% and 24.1%, respectively) than from T scores from a stronger LE (41.4% and 6.9%, respectively).ConclusionsIn this small sample, using strong‐limb T scores resulted in fewer individuals categorized as having low bone density or osteoporosis than when weak‐limb T scores were used. Underestimating BMD loss may lead to undertreatment and increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with femoral neck fractures in this high‐fall‐risk group.Level of EvidenceIII
Snow Storms and Vulnerable Populations: Local Public Health Activities in Response to the 2014-2015 Severe Winter Weather
Authors: Bernard Dorothy , Konate Souleymane , Savoia Elena 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe Northeastern United States experienced some of its coldest and snowiest conditions ever recorded during the winter of 2014-2015. The snowfall and extreme temperatures created significant challenges for local health departments attempting to continue critical services and respond to storm-related needs of the community. This report from the field aims to describe the impact of the severe weather on local health departments’ operations, to examine the disruption to public health services, and to document public health support provided to vulnerable populations during the 2014-2015 winter season. Our findings show that the severe weather exposed major challenges in continuity of public health operations across health departments of various sizes and highlighted some key issues as well as effective strategies, such as collaborations with community-based organizations, to identify and address the needs of the most vulnerable during the winter storms. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:647-649)