bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal aspects of storage and transmission of laboratory results
Authors: Gassner Ulrich M. , Modi Julian N. , Ponader Alexander , Ruf Simone 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background:
Even though technology advances and laboratory tests have become commonplace, there is a multitude of sources for errors. Furthermore, as the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) adds to the thicket of storage and deletion periods, strategies for the best approach have to be developed.

Legal context and methods:
On the one hand, this article discusses civil claims due to damages arising from false laboratory results. This is done by a de lege lata analysis of the central liability provisions in the respective fields. On the other hand, different storage periods and deletion obligations for data in clinical laboratory testing and the best way of handling them are analyzed.

Results and conclusions:
Depending on the cause of the error, there are several possible liable parties. The most advantageous claims for the patient are those against the manufacturer in case of a defective device as he is regularly strictly liable. But also other parties involved can face similar claims due to their own wrongdoing. Although there can be claims against multiple parties involved, a fair allocation of damages according to the areas of responsibility of every party can be achieved through recourse. Concerning storage and destruction obligations, first the applicable timeframes have to be identified. Compliance can then be achieved by the implementation of technical and organizational measures. In the event of data-protection misconduct, there is a risk of considerable fines.
Ottoman copper coin found in Bohdanovce nad Trnavou in Slovakia
Authors: Budaj Marek , Novák Vlastimil 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In 2016, an Ottoman copper coin was studied by the authors in a private collection. It was reportedly found in Bohdanovce nad Trnavou (Trnava district, Slovakia). The coin was identified as the manghir struck under the Ottoman Sultan Murad III (AH 982–1003/AD 1574–1595) in Miṣr (Cairo) in AH 982/AD 1574 (in AD 1574–1595 respectively, because of the enthronement date). It is the earliest Ottoman copper issue discovered in Slovakia which was accidentally lost very likely in connection with the Ottoman raids against Hungary at the end of the 16th century. The remaining five Ottoman copper pieces found in Slovakia date back much later, to the end of the 17th century (Sulayman II, Ahmad II).
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer-Silica Composite Hydrogel Particles and Influence of Hydrogel Composition on Cement Paste Microstructure
Authors: Krafcik Matthew J. , Bose Baishakhi , Erk Kendra A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The objective of this research is to define the fundamental structure-property relationships of water-swollen polymer hydrogel particles that are employed as internal curing agents in cementitious mixtures, in addition to reporting a novel synthesis procedure for combining pozzolanic materials with hydrogel particles. Solution polymerization was performed to incorporate amorphous nanosilica particles within acrylic-based polymer hydrogel particles of varying chemical compositions (i.e., monomer ratio of acrylic acid (AA) to acrylamide (AM)). Experiments were designed to measure the absorption capacity and kinetics of hydrogel particles immersed in pure water and cementitious pore solution, as well as determine the impact of particles on cement paste microstructure. While majority-AM hydrogel particles displayed relatively stable absorption values during immersion in pore solution, majority-AA hydrogel particles desorbed fluid over time, most likely due to the interactions of multivalent cations in the absorbed solution with the anionic polymer network. Interestingly, the addition of negatively charged nanosilica particles accelerated and enhanced this desorption response. When incorporated into cement paste, majority-AM hydrogel particles encouraged the formation of calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate within the void space previously occupied by the swollen particles. When nanosilica was added to the hydrogel particles, a 53 % increase in the number of hydrogel voids containing hydrated product was observed for the 17 % AA hydrogel particles, and a 140 % increase was observed for the 83 % AA hydrogel particles. These results suggest that the combination of nanosilica with polymeric hydrogel particles provides a favorable environment for the pozzolanic reaction to proceed and that nanosilica aids in the replenishment of hydrogel void space with hydrated cement phases.
Combined Effects of Internal Curing, SCMs, and Expansive Additives on Concrete Shrinkage
Authors: Khajehdehi Rouzbeh , Feng Muzai , Darwin David , Lafikes James , Ibrahim Eman Khalid , O’Reilly Matthew 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Internal curing (IC) using prewetted lightweight aggregate (LWA) has often been used to improve the cracking performance of concretes with low water-to-binder (w/b) ratios (&lt;0.42) when autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation are of concern. Shrinkage-compensating admixtures (SCAs) are also used to improve the cracking performance of concrete. A modified version of ASTM C157, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete, in which length-change measurements begin 5 1/2 ± 1/2 h after casting concrete, was used to evaluate the effects of IC obtained through the use of intermediate-sized prewetted LWA, partial replacements of cement with the supplementary cementitious materials slag cement and silica fume (SCMs); incorporation of calcium oxide–based and magnesium oxide–based SCAs; and combinations of IC, SCMs, and SCAs using eleven concrete mixtures with moderate w/b ratios (0.45). The results show that the modified ASTM C157 method helps to capture the early-age behavior of concrete mixtures. IC provided by partial replacement of total aggregate with intermediate-sized prewetted LWA is effective in reducing drying shrinkage in concrete made with moderate w/b ratios. Partial replacements of cement with slag cement and silica fume induce increased first-day expansion and reduce shrinkage. A further increase in first-day expansion and a reduction in shrinkage is obtained when IC is used in conjunction with slag cement and silica fume. The SCAs evaluated in this study reduce the tendency to develop shrinkage strain. The calcium oxide–based SCA induces the more rapid expansion of greater magnitude, while the magnesium oxide–based SCA expands more gradually. When the calcium oxide–based SCA is incorporated in a mixture containing SCMs or SCMs and IC, expansion is further increased. The same observation cannot be made for mixtures incorporating SCMs with the magnesium oxide–based SCA.
Development of predictive prognostic nomogram for NECs of rectum on population-based exploration
Authors: Lv Yang , Pu Ning , Mao Wei-lin , Chen Wen-qi , Wang Huan-yu , Han Xu , Ji Yuan , Zhang Lei , Jin Da-yong , Lou Wen-Hui , Xu Xue-feng 
Published: September 2018

Aim
We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics of the rectal NECs and the prognosis-related factors and construct a nomogram for prognosis prediction.

Methods
The data of 41 patients and 1028 patients with rectal NEC were retrieved respectively from our institution and SEER database. OS or PFS was defined as the major study outcome. Variables were compared by chi-square test and t-test when appropriate. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test was used for survival analysis and the Cox regression analysis was applied. The nomogram integrating risk factors for predicting OS was constructed by R to achieve superior discriminatory ability. Predictive utility of the nomogram was determined by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve.

Results
In the univariate and multivariate analyses, tumor differentiation, N stage, M stage and resection of primary site were identified as independent prognostic indicators. The linear regression relationship was found between the value of Ki-67 index and the duration of OS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the independent prognostic factors were added to formulate prognostic nomogram. The constructed nomogram showed good performance according to the C-index.

Conclusions
Contrary to WHO classification guideline, we found that the rectal NEC diseases are heterogeneous and should be divided as different categories according to the pathological differentiation. Besides, the nomogram formulated in this study showed excellent discriminative capability to predict OS for those patients. More advanced predictive model for this disease is required to assist risk stratification via the formulated nomogram.
Mitochondrial disease: an uncommon but important cause of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yee Ming Li , Wong Rosemary , Datta Mineesh , Fazio Timothy Nicholas , Mohammad Ebrahim Mina , Mcnamara Elissa Claire , De Jong Gerard , Gilfillan Christopher 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Mitochondrial diseases are rare, heterogeneous conditions affecting organs dependent on high aerobic metabolism. Presenting symptoms and signs vary depending on the mutation and mutant protein load. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrinopathy, and recognition of these patients is important due to its impact on management and screening of family members. In particular, glycemic management differs in these patients: the use of metformin is avoided because of the risk of lactic acidosis. We describe a patient who presented with gradual weight loss and an acute presentation of hyperglycemia complicated by the superior mesenteric artery syndrome. His maternal history of diabetes and deafness and a personal history of hearing impairment led to the diagnosis of a mitochondrial disorder.

Learning points:

The constellation of diabetes, multi-organ involvement and maternal inheritance should prompt consideration of a mitochondrial disorder.

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) are the most common mitochondrial diabetes disorders caused by a mutation in m.3243A>G in 80% of cases.

Metformin should be avoided due to the risk of lactic acidosis.

There is more rapid progression to insulin therapy and higher prevalence of diabetic complications compared to type 2 diabetes.

Diagnosis of a mitochondrial disorder leads to family screening, education and surveillance for future complications.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, an uncommon but important cause of intestinal pseudo-obstruction in cases of significant weight loss, has been reported in MELAS patients.
Hyponatremia after anticoagulant treatment: a rare cause of adrenal failure
Authors: Zampetti Benedetta , Attanasio Roberto , Cozzi Renato 
Published: September 2018

Summary
A 69-year-old male was admitted for severe hyponatremia disclosed after an accidental fall. He was anticoagulated from 2 months after the implantation of a biologic aortic valve prosthesis. The work-up disclosed adrenal failure and MRI showed bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. Clinical picture and lab parameters normalized quickly after the appropriate replacement treatment. Anticoagulation excess should be added to the list of drugs potentially causing hyponatremia.

Learning points:

Hyponatremia requires a complete and timely workup in order to start an appropriate treatment for the improvement of clinical conditions.

History is crucial: a detailed list of drugs potentially causing hyponatremia should be collected. Anticoagulants should be added to the list, mostly in the event of excessive anticoagulation.

Intra-adrenal hemorrhage is a rare cause of hyponatremia and adrenal failure.

The ACTH test is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of hypoadrenalism.
Guideline Adoption for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Ambroggio Lilliam , Mangeot Colleen , Murtagh Kurowski Eileen , Graham Camille , Korn Paul , Strasser Marcie , Cavallo Charles , Brady Katherine , Campanella Suzanne , Clohessy Caitlin , Brinkman William B. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America national childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guideline encouraged the standard evaluation and treatment of children who were managed as outpatients. Our objectives were to (1) increase adherence to guideline-recommended diagnostics and antibiotic treatment of CAP at 5 pediatric primary care practices (PPCPs) by using quality-improvement methods and (2) evaluate the association between guideline adherence and unscheduled follow-up visits.

METHODS:
Immunocompetent children &gt;3 months of age with no complex chronic conditions and who were diagnosed with CAP were eligible for inclusion in this stepped-wedge study. Interventions were focused on education, knowledge of colleagues’ prescribing practices, and feedback sessions. Statistical process control charts were used to assess changes in recommendations and antibiotic treatment. Unscheduled follow-up visits were compared across time by using generalized estimating equations that were clustered by PPCP.

RESULTS:
CAP was diagnosed in 1906 children. Guideline recommended therapy and pulse oximetry use increased from a mean baseline of 24.9% to a mean of 68.0% and from 4.3% to 85.0%, respectively, over the study period. Among children &gt;5 years of age, but not among those who were younger, the receipt of guideline recommended antibiotics, as compared with nonguideline therapy, was associated with the increased likelihood of unscheduled follow-up (adjusted odds ratio, 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–3.43). Chest radiographs and complete blood cell counts were rarely performed at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:
Recommendations for limited use of chest radiographs and complete blood cell counts and standardized antibiotic therapy in children is supported at PPCPs. However, the guideline may need to include macrolide monotherapy as appropriate antibiotic therapy for older children.
Chemical denudation rates of a small torrential catchment in the Northern Calcareous Alps
Authors: Trost Georg , Robl Jörg , Hilberg Sylke , Hauzenberger Christoph , Schmidt Rudolf , Goessler Walter 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this study, we present chemical denudation rates derived from measuring the dissolved load of an alpine catchment located in Salzburg, Austria. The catchment has a drainage area of about 7 km2 and is predominantly covered by limestone- rich glacial deposits and carbonate rocks that are characteristic of the Northern Calcareous Alps. To obtain catchment-wide chemical denudation rates, we integrated discharge time series that were measured by a permanent water gauge of the Austrian Service for Torrent and Avalanche Control to compute the total discharge of the investigated catchment over a period of one year. During the same period, samples were taken during several campaigns to consider variations of the dissolved load. Samples were collected at high and low runoff conditions to study the effect of precipitation and at different locations along the tributaries to account for lithological variations of the river beds on the dissolved load. For the investigation period of one year, 2.97 ×106 m3 of discharge was measured at the catchment outlet. The summed cation-concentration varies between about 85 mg/l for dry-conditions and 75 mg/l for rainy-conditions at the gauge and consists predominantly of Ca2+and Mg2+ cations. Based on the total discharge of the river integrated over a period of one year, and the average dissolved load determined from water samples, we obtained a chemical denudation rate of 0.094 mm/a. The results imply that chemical denudation is a significant driver for redistributing mass in carbonate-dominated catchments and might be the dominant erosional process in such settings.
Stable isotope geochemistry and petrography of the Qorveh–Takab travertines in northwest Iran
Authors: Roshanak Reihaneh , Moore Farid , Zarasvandi Alireza , Keshavarzi Behnam , Gratzer Reinhard 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Qorveh-Takab travertines, which are connected to thermal springs, are situated in the northwest of the Sanandaj- Sirjan metamorphic zone in Iran. In this study, the travertines were investigated applying petrography, mineralogy and isotope geochemistry. Oxygen and carbon isotope geochemistry, petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to determine the source of the CO2 and the lithofacies and to classify the travertines. Isotope studies, morphological and mineralogical observations and distribution of travertines revealed that the travertines of the Qorveh-Takab could be of thermal water origin and, therefore, belong to the thermogene travertine category. These travertines are usually massive with mound-type morphology and are essentially found in regions with recent volcanic or high tectonic activity. The measured δ13C values of the travertines indicate that the δ13C of the CO2 released from the water during travertine deposition, while the source of the CO2 in the water springs seems to have been of crustal magmatic affinity. These travertines are divided into two lithofacies: (1) crystalline crust travertine and (2) pebbly (phytoclastic travertine with pebble- size extraclasts) travertine. δ18O and δ13C values of travertines are -0.6 to -11.9 (‰VPDB) and +6.08 to +9.84 (‰VPDB), respectively. A probable reason for the heavy carbon isotope content observed in these deposits is the presence of algae microorganisms, which was verified by SEM images. Fissure ridges, fluvial crusts with oncoids, and mound morphological features are observed in the study area. Based on the petrographic and SEM criteria, Qorveh-Takab travertines are classified into four groups: (1) compacted, (2) laminated, (3) iron-rich spring deposit and (4) aragonite-bearing travertines. Stable isotope compositions of Turkish travertines are largely similar to the travertines in the study area.
Facies, palaeogeography and stratigraphy of the lower Miocene Traisen Formation and Wildendürnbach Formation (former “Oncophora Beds”) in the Molasse Zone of Lower Austria
Authors: Palzer-Khomenko Markus , Wagreich Michael , Kallanxhi Mădălina-Elena , Soliman Ali , Knierzinger Wolfgang , Meszar Maria , Gier Susanne 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A detailed study of OMV wells throughout the Lower Austrian Molasse Basin demonstrates the existence of a distinct and synchronous upper Ottnangian (lower Miocene) stratigraphic signal, the Calcite Minimum Interval (CMI). It corresponds to the depositional phase of the Rzehakia Lake System. This signal is interpreted to be of chronostratigraphic importance as an expression of palaeoclimate and related sea-level change. It is represented by the brackish Traisen Formation, which crops out south of the Danube. The Traisen Formation correlates with sands and shales in OMV wells to the north, termed Wildendürnbach Formation. However, the CMI underlies a marine unit, the so-called “Oncophora Beds” (also known as Rzehakia Beds) as reported from OMV wells in the north at the border to the Czech Republic. We demonstrate that these former “Oncophora Beds” are younger, i.e. of Karpatian age, than originally assumed. Therefore, these deposits cannot be correlated to the late Ottnangian Traisen Formation. This may solve the problem of contradicting interpretations concerning the depositional environment of both units, which were correlated to each other in the past. As no Rzehakia bivalves (formerly Oncophora) are described from these former “Oncophora Beds”, we recommend to avoid using the term for these turbiditic sands. Instead, we attribute these deposits to the fully marine Karpatian Laa Formation. These new findings, which are in accordance with published data from the Czech Republic, indicate two (in time and space) independent sedimentary systems and sand deposition centres for the Traisen Formation and the massive sands attributed as “Oncophora Beds” around Wildendürnbach. A late Ottnangian system in the south delivered the material of the Traisen Formation from the Alps and a Karpatian system delivered the clastic material of the massive sands of the Laa Formation from the east.
Sinemurian biostratigraphy of the Tannscharten section near Reichraming (Lower Jurassic, Schneeberg Syncline, Northern Calcareous Alps)
Authors: Lukeneder Petra , Lukeneder Alexander 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Lower Jurassic ammonites were collected from deep-water limestones of the Tannscharten section, southwest of Reichraming (Northern Calcareous Alps, Upper Austria). The outcrop provides a rich Upper Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) ammonite fauna of the Allgäu Formation. The area is situated in the westernmost part of the Schneeberg Syncline in the north of the Reichraming Nappe (High Bajuvaric Unit). The ammonite fauna consists of seven different genera, each apparently represented by 1-2 species. Echioceratids are the most frequent components (Echioceras, Leptechioceras, Paltechioceras), followed by the phylloceratids (Juraphyllites, Partschiceras) and oxynoticeratids (Gleviceras, Paroxynoticeras). Juraphyllites libertus, Partschiceras striatocostatum, Gleviceras paniceum, Echioceras quenstedti, Echioceras raricostatoides, Paltechioceras boehmi, Leptechioceras meigeni, Leptechioceras macdonnelli and Paltechioceras oosteri are new for the Schneeberg Syncline and allow for the first time a detailed biostratigraphy of the Echioceras raricostatum zone. The assemblage is correlated with other faunae from Austria, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Switzerland and Romania. The cephalopod fauna consists of a mix of elements from the Northwest European Province and the Mediterranean Province. The detailed biostratigraphy based on ammonites is presented here.
Bacteriology of diabetic foot infections and their antibacterial susceptibility
Authors: Aiswariya Alex , Pavani Kalagara , Rajendra Bhanudas Surpam 
Published: September 2018

Background: Diabetic foot infections are the most common bacterial infections encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus and remain the leading complication requiring frequent hospitalization. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacteria in diabetic foot infections and their antibiogram which can help to inform therapeutic choices.Methods: A prospective study conducted on clinical specimens taken from patients with diabetic foot infections, over 3 years duration. The clinical specimens were processed by using the standard microbiological techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was studied by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Among 103 cases studied, 97 were culture positive. Out of these specimens, 25 (25.77%) had monomicrobial flora and 72 (74.23%) had polymicrobial flora. A total of 176 bacteria were obtained which include 62 gram positive cocci and 114 gram negative bacilli. All gram negative bacilli showed good sensitivity to imipenem (97.30%), followed by cefaperazone sulbactam (81.98%), piperacillin-tazobactam (75.68%) and amikacin (72.97%). All gram positive cocci remained 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid followed by clindamycin (not tested for Enterococci Spp.) and gentamicin in a range of 91.43 % to 72.88%. The prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms among aerobic isolates were 59.66%.Conclusions: Diabetic foot infections are polymicrobial. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococus aureus were the most common isolates. The most sensitive antibiotics are imipenem for gram negative bacilli while vancomycin and linezolid were effective for gram positive cocci. The antibiogram of isolates will be helpful in determining the drugs for the empirical treatment of diabetic foot infection.