bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multipolar Conversion Induced Subwavelength High‐Q Kerker Supermodes with Unidirectional Radiations
Authors: Chen Weijin , Chen Yuntian , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe two‐mode coupling model, with energy splitting and formation of supermodes with different life times, has been pervasive in almost every discipline of physics. This fundamental model is revisited from a different perspective of multipolar expansions, and a hidden dimension of it is revealed, by establishing a subtle connection between the two seemingly unrelated properties of Q‐factors and far‐field angular radiation patterns. It is discovered that in both regimes of negative and positive couplings, significant Q‐factor enhancement can be attributed to dramatic redistribution of radiation that originates from multipolar conversions from lower to higher orders. Relying on this connection and generalized Kerker effects of interferences among different multipoles, the two outstanding features of high‐Q factor and unidirectional radiation are synchronized into one subwavelength supermode. The implications of this study are not confined to optics and photonics, and can potentially shed new light on coupling between resonances of mechanical, phononic, electronic, or other hybrid natures.
Ascorbigen A—NMR identification
Authors: Sychrovský Vladimír , Šaman David , Fiala Radovan , Humpa Otakar , Sýkora Jan , Kessler Pavel , Blechta Vratislav , Dobrev Petre , Schraml Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe connectivities of all atoms in ascorbigen A, an important metabolite, were determined unambiguously for the first time. The connectivity between carbon atoms was established by 2D INADEQUATE, and one‐bond 13C–13C coupling constants were determined for all pairs of directly connected carbon atoms except for two strongly coupled carbon pairs. The 13C–13C coupling in one of the pairs was proved by a modification of standard INADEQUATE; however, the signals from the other pair were too weak to be observed. The connectivity within the two strongly coupled C–C pairs was confirmed by a combination of COSY and gHSQC; the latter experiment also identified all C–H bonds. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra in dry dimethyl sulfoxide allowed identification and assignment of the signals due to NH and OH protons. The derived structure, 3‐((1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl)‐3,3a,6‐trihydroxytetrahydrofuro[3,2‐b]furan‐2(5H)‐one, agrees with the structure suggested for ascorbigen A in 1966.The density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that among 16 possible stereoisomers, only two complied with the almost zero value of the measured 3J(H6–H6a). Of the two stereoisomers, 3S,3aS,6S,6aR and 3R,3aR,6R,6aS, the latter was excluded on synthetic grounds. The nuclear Overhauser effect measurements unveiled close proximity between H2′ proton of the indole and the H6a proton of the tetrahydrofuro[3,2‐b]furan part. Detailed structural interpretation of the measured NMR parameters by means of DFT NMR was hampered by rotational flexibility of the indole and tetrahydrofuro[3,2‐b]furan parts and inadequacy of Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) solvent model.
Standardizing the use of fast‐field cycling NMR relaxometry for measuring hydrological connectivity inside the soil
Authors: Conte Pellegrino , Ferro Vito 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHydrological connectivity inside the soil (HCS) is applied to study the effects of heterogeneities in complex environmental systems. It refers to both the spatial patterns inside the soil (i.e., structural connectivity [SC]) and the physical–chemical processes at a molecular level (i.e., functional connectivity [FC]). NMR relaxometry has been already applied to assess both SC and FC components of the HCS by defining SC and FC indexes. Here, fast‐field cycling NMR relaxometry has been applied on a water suspended soil and a sediment to optimize the conditions to standardize the technique. Proton Larmor frequencies (ωL) from 0.01 to 25 MHz were used on samples suspended in three different rates of Milli‐Q grade water. The application of different magnetic fields revealed that the T1 values of the sediment sample are always shorter than those measured for the soil sample. This difference was attributed to the soil erosion processes limiting FC by reducing the size of macropores. For the soil sample, analyses showed that both structural and functional connectivity indexes can be assumed ωL independent. For the sediment sample, the connectivity indexes resulted ωL independent only for ωL ≥ 0.1 MHz. This could be due either to instrumental problems for ωL < 0.1 MHz or to a real magnetic field effect when a finer textured sample is examined. Further research is required in this area. Finally, the experiments revealed that the optimal water amount to obtain reliable results was corresponding to the water holding capacity.
Cardiorenal sodium MRI at 7.0 Tesla using a 4/4 channel 1H/23Na radiofrequency antenna array
Authors: Boehmert Laura , Kuehne Andre , Waiczies Helmar , Wenz Daniel , Eigentler Thomas Wilhelm , Funk Stephanie , von Knobelsdorff‐Brenkenhoff Florian , Schulz‐Menger Jeanette , Nagel Armin M. , Seeliger Erdmann , Niendorf Thoralf 
Published: July 2019

PurposeCardiorenal syndrome describes disorders of the heart and the kidneys in which a dysfunction of 1 organ induces a dysfunction in the other. This work describes the design, evaluation, and application of a 4/4‐channel hydrogen‐1/sodium (1H/23Na) RF array tailored for cardiorenal MRI at 7.0 Tesla (T) for a better physiometabolic understanding of cardiorenal syndrome.MethodsThe dual‐frequency RF array is composed of a planar posterior section and a modestly curved anterior section, each section consisting of 2 loop elements tailored for 23Na MR and 2 loopole‐type elements customized for 1H MR. Numerical electromagnetic field and specific absorption rate simulations were carried out. Transmission field () uniformity was optimized and benchmarked against electromagnetic field simulations. An in vivo feasibility study was performed.ResultsThe proposed array exhibits sufficient RF characteristics, homogeneity, and penetration depth to perform 23Na MRI of the heart and kidney at 7.0 T. The mean field for sodium in the heart is 7.7 ± 0.8 µT/√kW and in the kidney is 6.9 ± 2.3 µT/√kW. The suitability of the RF array for 23Na MRI was demonstrated in healthy subjects (acquisition time for 23Na MRI: 18 min; nominal isotropic spatial resolution: 5 mm [kidney] and 6 mm [heart]).ConclusionThis work provides encouragement for further explorations into densely packed multichannel transceiver arrays tailored for 23Na MRI of the heart and kidney. Equipped with this technology, the ability to probe sodium concentration in the heart and kidney in vivo using 23Na MRI stands to make a critical contribution to deciphering the complex interactions between both organs.
Eine Idee bahnt sich ihren Weg: 150 Jahre Periodensystem
Authors: Reschetilowski Wladimir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDas Periodensystem der Elemente war anfänglich umstritten. Es stieß zuerst auf Gleichgültigkeit und Skepsis – und auch später erschütterten neue Entdeckungen, etwa die Edelgase, die Idee der chemischen Periodizität.
Katalyse unter Strom
Authors: Schützenmeister Nina , Assmann Maik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDie Elektrochemie führt die Methodenentwicklung der organischen Chemie auf einen neuen Weg. Durch den Einsatz von Elektrizität lässt sich auf stöchiometrisch eingesetzte Redoxmittel verzichten. Das ermöglicht, Reaktionen ökologischer und ökonomischer zu gestalten.
Für den weltweiten Wettbewerb wappnen
Authors: Bug Thorsten 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUmsätze der deutschen Chemieindustrie stagnieren, fallende Weltmarktanteile der europäischen Chemie scheinen besorgniserregend. Allerdings signalisieren hohe Investitionen in Deutschland Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Die Basischemie ist überraschenderweise weiterhin wichtig.
E‐learning or lectures to increase knowledge about congenital heart disease in infants: A comparative interventional study
Authors: Hjorth‐Johansen Elin , Hofoss Dag , Kynø Nina Margrethe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThis project aimed to create, implement and evaluate an e‐learning course on nursing infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to measure its efficacy compared with classroom learning.DesignThis is a comparative interventional study with two groups.MethodsThe study involved 15 postgraduate students and 13 newly employed nurses. The learning outcome was computed as the difference between pre‐test and post‐test knowledge scores and analysed using t tests and multiple regression.ResultsBoth learning groups scored significantly higher 1 week after training. The improvement did not differ significantly between the groups when controlling for the years of experience in CHD nursing and the baseline knowledge score. Participants with higher baseline knowledge scores improved their scores less. Neither learning method was proven more effective than the other. Participants reported experiencing traditional classroom teaching as more positive, but e‐learning was more time effective.
Safety for older adults using telecare: Perceptions of homecare professionals
Authors: Johannessen Torunn Beate , Storm Marianne , Holm Anne Lise 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore homecare professionals' perceptions of safety related to the use of telecare by older adults.DesignAn exploratory qualitative design was employed.MethodsTwo focus group interviews with ten female homecare professionals (nine Registered Nurses and one occupational therapist) were carried out between June–December 2017. The participants were recruited from six community homecare services in two Norwegian municipalities. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe participants perceived that the use of telecare protects older adults against injury and insecurity by preventing harm and giving them a feeling of safety. However, they also stated that the use of telecare involves challenges that could lead to harm to older adults due to technological limitations and difficulties managing and understanding the technology. Although telecare can enhance safety, it is necessary to develop reliable technology and adapt it to the user's abilities, skills and resources.
Autophagy contributes to BMP type 2 receptor degradation and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Gomez‐Puerto Maria Catalina , van Zuijen Iris , Huang Christopher JZ , Szulcek Robert , Pan Xiaoke , van Dinther Maarten AH , Kurakula Kondababu , Wiesmeijer Catharina C , Goumans Marie‐Jose , Bogaard Harm‐Jan , Morrell Nicholas W , Rana Amer Ahmed , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure which almost invariably leads to right heart failure and premature death. More than 70% of familial PAH and 20% of idiopathic PAH patients carry heterozygous mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor (BMPR2). However, the incomplete penetrance of BMPR2 mutations suggests that other genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disease. In the current study, we investigate the contribution of autophagy in the degradation of BMPR2 in pulmonary vascular cells. We demonstrate that endogenous BMPR2 is degraded through the lysosome in primary human pulmonary artery endothelial (PAECs) and smooth muscle cells (PASMCs): two cell types that play a key role in the pathology of the disease. By means of an elegant HaloTag system, we show that a block in lysosomal degradation leads to increased levels of BMPR2 at the plasma membrane. In addition, pharmacological or genetic manipulations of autophagy allow us to conclude that autophagy activation contributes to BMPR2 degradation. It has to be further investigated whether the role of autophagy in the degradation of BMPR2 is direct or through the modulation of the endocytic pathway. Interestingly, using an iPSC‐derived endothelial cell model, our findings indicate that BMPR2 heterozygosity alone is sufficient to cause an increased autophagic flux. Besides BMPR2 heterozygosity, pro‐inflammatory cytokines also contribute to an augmented autophagy in lung vascular cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate an increase in microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (MAP1LC3B) levels in lung sections from PAH induced in rats. Accordingly, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) from end‐stage idiopathic PAH patients present an elevated autophagic flux. Our findings support a model in which an increased autophagic flux in PAH patients contributes to a greater decrease in BMPR2 levels. Altogether, this study sheds light on the basic mechanisms of BMPR2 degradation and highlights a crucial role for autophagy in PAH. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Bacterial nanocelullose in biomedical applications: a review
Authors: Sionkowska Alina , Mężykowska Oliwia , Piątek Jacek 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis review reports recent advances in the application of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in biomedical fields. BNC has attracted both academic and industrial attention as it shows interesting properties for both biomedical and cosmetic applications. Herein, the structure, properties and selected applications of BNC in the preparation of wound dressings and artificial skin are discussed in general, and detailed examples are also drawn from the scientific literature. In this review the most common applications are presented in detail together with issues related to regenerative medicine and biomedicine, skin tissue engineering, auricular cartilage reconstruction, bone regeneration and the treatment of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing multimethod assessment of approaches to learning among preschool children: Direct measure, teacher report, and parent report
Authors: Li Li , Fan Jieqiong , Jin Zheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA multi‐informant or multimethod approach has been suggested for use in educational evaluation and children's development assessment. However, in the study field of approaches to learning, most previous studies used one method to measure approaches to learning. In addition, compared with kindergarten and elementary children, younger children have received little attention. This study was dedicated to determining whether a multimethod approach (direct measure, teacher report, and parent report) was needed to assess preschool children's approaches to learning. A total of 713 preschool children were enrolled in this study. Correlations and multiple regressions were conducted to analyze the correlation among the three methods as well as their criterion validity based upon comparisons with an assessment of children's early childhood development. The results revealed significant but weak correlations among the three assessment methods. The direct measure of approaches to learning was more relevant to children's early childhood development than the teacher report and the parent report. The criterion validity of using the direct measure to assess preschool children's approaches to learning was also better than that of the teacher report and the parent report. Therefore, the direct measure was recommended for use in assessing preschool children's approaches to learning, and teacher report can be used as a supplement.
Effect of polydispersity on the bulk‐heterojunction morphology of P3HT:PCBM solar cells
Authors: Munshi Joydeep , Ghumman Umar Farooq , Iyer Akshay , Dulal Rabindra , Chen Wei , Chien TeYu , Balasubramanian Ganesh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBulk heterojunctions (BHJs) based on semiconducting electron–donor polymer and electron–acceptor fullerene have been extensively investigated as potential photoactive layers for organic solar cells (OSCs). In the experimental studies, poly‐(3‐hexyl‐thiophene) (P3HT) polymers are hardly monodisperse as the synthesis of highly monodisperse polymer mixture is a near impossible task to achieve. However, the majority of the computational efforts on P3HT: phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM)‐based OSCs, a monodisperse P3HT is usually considered. Here, results from coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations of solvent evaporation and thermal annealing process of the BHJ are shared describing the effect of variability in molecular weight (also known as polydispersity) on the morphology of the active layer. Results affirm that polydispersity is beneficial for charge separation as the interfacial area is observed to increase with higher dispersity. Calculations of percolation and orientation tensors, on the other hand, reveal that a certain polydispersity index ranging between 1.05 and 1.10 should be maintained for optimal charge transport. Most importantly, these results point out that the consideration of polydispersity should be considered in computational studies of polymer‐based OSCs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 895–903
Relict periglacial soils on Quaternary terraces in the Central Ebro Basin (NE Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ochoa Rafael , Olarieta José R. , Santana Asier , Castañeda Carmen , Calle Mikel , Rhodes Ed , Bartolomé Miguel , Peña‐Monné José L. , Sancho Carlos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPedofeatures associated with ancient cold climatic conditions have been recognized in soils on terraces in the Monegros area (central Ebro Basin, Spain), at a latitude of 41°49′N and an altitude of 300 m a.s.l. Eleven soil profiles were described on fluvial deposits corresponding to the most extensive terrace (T5) of the Alcanadre River, Middle Pleistocene in age (MIS8–MIS7). Each soil horizon was sampled for physical, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological analyses. Macromorphological features related to pedocryogenic processes were described: involutions, jacked stones, shattered stones, detached and vertically oriented carbonatic pendents, fragmented carbonatic crusts, laminar microstructures, succitic fabric, silt cappings on rock fragments and aggregates, and irregular, broken, discontinuous and deformed gravel and sandy pockets. Accumulations of Fe–Mn oxides, dissolution features on the surface of carbonatic stones, and calcitic accumulations were identified related to vadose–phreatic conditions. The observed periglacial features developed under cold environmental conditions in exceptional geomorphic and hydrological conditions. This soil information may have potential implications in studies of paleoclimate in the Ebro Valley as well as in other Mediterranean areas.
Determination of the Velocity of Detonation of Primary Explosives Using Genetically Optimized Support Vector Regression
Authors: Owolabi Taoreed O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChemical explosives are among the available high energy‐dense storage materials with transferable energy to surroundings or adjacent materials during detonation. The effectiveness, ignition energy as well as spark sensitivity of these explosives are governed by the velocity of detonation which needs to be determined before energetic material synthesis purposely to enhance safety and lessen the cost as well as the difficulties associated with material synthesis and evaluation. This present research work proposes hybridization of support vector regression (SVR) and genetic algorithm (GA) for estimation of the velocities of primary explosives for the first time. The performance of the proposed hybrid SVR‐GA is compared with the existing Mohammad Jafari et al. model as well as the results of EXPLO5Code's prediction using four parameters for measuring model's performance. The proposed SVR‐GA model shows superior performance compared with two existing models in the literature. The performance of the proposed SVR‐GA model for explosive velocity estimation strengthens its practical application, circumvents the experimental challenges and minimizes the associated potential risk.
Origin of resistance to pyrethroids in the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) in Australia: repeated local evolution and migration
Authors: Yang Qiong , Umina Paul A , Rašić Gordana , Bell Nicholas , Fang Jichao , Lord Alan , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDHalotydeus destructor is a major pest of crops and pastures across southern parts of Australia. This invasive mite has been chemically controlled for over 50 years, but resistance to synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates is developing. Understanding processes behind the emerging resistance is important for effective management efforts. We undertook a ddRAD pool‐sequencing approach to analyse genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism variation in H. destructor population samples at two scales: local resistance across a set of fields, and regional resistance across their Australian range, along with toxicology bioassays to screen for pyrethroid resistance.RESULTSSpatial patterns of genomic variation and resistance at a local scale indicated that genetic similarity among samples was more closely correlated with distance along roads and fence‐lines than with straight‐line geographic distance. This pattern was particularly strong in resistant samples, which were also more related than susceptible samples, suggesting local spread of resistance within an area after it emerged. By contrast, regional data suggest resistance has emerged repeatedly within parts of Australia. Our de novo annotation of the H. destructor draft genome sequence and Bayesian analysis identified several candidate loci strongly associated with population‐level resistance to pyrethroids, located in genomic regions that code for transmembrane transport and signalling proteins that have previously been linked to insecticide resistance in other arthropods.CONCLUSIONOur findings highlight multiple independent evolutionary events leading to resistance in H. destructor, and demonstrate the utility and cost‐effectiveness of a cross‐population, genome‐wide association study to reveal processes underlying adaptive evolution in a non‐model invasive species. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Charge Density Waves and Magnetism in Topological Semimetal Candidates GdSbxTe2−x−δ
Authors: Lei Shiming , Duppel Viola , Lippmann Judith M. , Nuss Jürgen , Lotsch Bettina V. , Schoop Leslie M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany topological semimetals are known to exhibit exceptional electronic properties, which are the fundamental basis for design of novel devices and further applications. Materials containing the structural motif of a square net are known to frequently be topological semimetals. In this work, the synthesis and structural characterization of the square‐net‐based magnetic topological semimetal candidates GdSbxTe2−x−δ (0, δ indicating the vacancy level) are reported. The structural evolution of the series with Sb substitution is studied, finding a transition between a simple tetragonal square‐net structure to complex superstructure formations due to the presence of charge density waves. The structural modulations coincide with a significant modification of the magnetic order. This work thus establishes GdSbxTe2−x−δ as a platform to study the interplay between crystal symmetry, band filling, charge density wave, and magnetism in a topological semimetal candidate.