bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bolometric Effect in Bi2O2Se Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Hang , Tan Congwei , Deng Chuyun , Zhang Renyan , Zheng Xiaoming , Zhang Xiangzhe , Hu Yuze , Guo Xiaoxiao , Wang Guang , Jiang Tian , Zhang Yi , Peng Gang , Peng Hailin , Zhang Xueao , Qin Shiqiao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBi2O2Se is emerging as a photosensitive functional material for optoelectronics, and its photodetection mechanism is mostly considered to be a photoconductive regime in previous reports. Here, the bolometric effect is discovered in Bi2O2Se photodetectors. The coexistence of photoconductive effect and bolometric effect is generally observed in multiwavelength photoresponse measurements and then confirmed with microscale local heating experiments. The unique photoresponse of Bi2O2Se photodetectors may arise from a change of hot electrons during temperature rises instead of photoexcited holes and electrons. Direct proof of the bolometric effect is achieved by real‐time temperature tracking of Bi2O2Se photodetectors under time evolution after light excitation. Moreover, the Bi2O2Se bolometer shows a high temperature coefficient of resistance (−1.6% K−1), high bolometric coefficient (−31 nA K−1), and high bolometric responsivity (>320 A W−1). These findings offer a new approach to develop bolometric photodetectors based on Bi2O2Se layered materials.
Simulating wind power forecast error distributions for spatially aggregated wind power plants
Authors: Miettinen Jari , Holttinen Hannele , Hodge Bri‐Mathias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDispersion and aggregation of wind power plants lower the uncertainty of wind power by reducing wind power forecasting errors. Using quantitative methods, this paper studies the dispersion's impact on the uncertainty of the aggregated wind power production. A method to simulate day‐ahead forecast error distributions at different dispersion and forecasting skill scenarios is presented. The proposed method models the uncertainty of wind power forecasting on an annual basis and at different levels of production. As a result, the uncertainty in the forecasting of spatially dispersed wind power plants is modelled using two continuous distributions: Laplace and beta distribution. The analysis shows that even the production level uncertainty can be modelled in various dispersion and forecasting skill scenarios. The model for aggregated forecast error distributions requires only four variables: capacity‐weighted distance of the total wind power plant fleet, mean of the site‐specific mean absolute errors (MAEs), number of aggregated wind power plants, and the mean variability of the elevations from the proximities of the aggregated wind power plants. The results are especially promising when the number of aggregated wind power plants exceeds five, the terrain complexity is low or moderate, and the aggregation region is large. This is demonstrated through a case study for Texas, United States.
The role of RNA G‐quadruplexes in human diseases and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Kharel Prakash , Balaratnam Sumirtha , Beals Nathan , Basu Soumitra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractG‐quadruplexes (GQs) are four‐stranded secondary structures formed by G‐rich nucleic acid sequence(s). DNA GQs are present abundantly in the genome and affect a wide range of processes associated with DNA. Recent studies show that RNA GQs are present in different transcripts, including coding and noncoding areas of mRNA, telomeric RNA as well as in other premature and mature noncoding RNAs. When present at specific locations within the RNAs, GQs play important roles in key biological functions, including the regulation of gene expression and telomere homeostasis. RNA GQs regulate pre‐mRNA processing, such as splicing and polyadenylation. Evidently, among other processes, RNA GQs also control mRNA translation, miRNA and piRNA biogenesis, and RNA localization. The regulatory mechanisms controlled by RNA GQs mainly involve binding to RNA binding protein that modulate GQ conformation or serve as an entity in recruiting additional protein regulators to act as a block element to the processing machinery. Here we provide an overview of the ever‐increasing number of discoveries revealing the role of RNA GQs in biology and their relevance in human diseases and therapeutics.This article is categorized under:
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Exact and asymptotic bending analysis of microbeams under different boundary conditions using stress‐derived nonlocal integral model
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Qiang , Qing Hai , Gao Cun‐Fa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEringen's nonlocal differential elasticity is widely applied to model nano‐ and micro‐structures, although previous studies have shown some inconsistences, e.g., the nonlocal parameter maybe has no effect on the deflection of Euler‐Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams subjected to some kinds of boundary and loading conditions. In this paper, the static bending analysis of Euler‐Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams is performed with the application of stress‐driven nonlocal integral model. The Fredholm type integral constitutive equations of the first kind are transformed to Volterra integral equations of the first kind through simply adjusting the limit of integrals, and the general solutions to the deflection as well as bending moment and so on are derived and obtained explicitly through solving the integro‐differential governing equations with the Laplace transformation. Exact solutions are derived explicitly for different loading and boundary conditions, especially for the paradoxical beam problem while using nonlocal differential model. The analytical and asymptotic expressions of the beam deflections obtained in this paper are validated against to those existing analytical and numerical results in literature. It is clearly established that, with the application of the stress‐driven nonlocal integral model, a consistent toughening effect can be obtained for both Euler‐Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams.
Can conventional DWI accurately assess the size of endometrial cancer?
Authors: Song Yanfang , Shang Hua , Ma Yumei , Li Xiaodong , Jiang Jingwen , Geng Zuojun , Shang Juan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare T2-weighted image (T2WI) and conventional Diffusion-weighted image (cDWI) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for sensitivity of qualitative diagnosis and accuracy of tumor size (TS) measurement in endometrial cancer (EC). Meanwhile, the effect of the lesion size itself and tumor grade on the ability of T2WI and cDWI of TS assessment was explored. Ultimately, the reason of deviation on size evaluation was studied.Materials and methods34 patients with EC were enrolled. They were all treated with radical hysterectomy and performed MR examinations before operation. Firstly, the sensitivity of T2WI alone and T2WI–DWI in qualitative diagnosis of EC were compared according to pathology. Secondly, TS on T2WI and cDWI described with longitudinal (LD) and horizontal diameter (HD) were compared to macroscopic surgical specimen (MSS) quantitatively in the entire lesions and the subgroup lesions which grouped by postoperative tumor size itself and tumor grade. Thirdly, the discrepancy of mean ADC values (ADC mean) and range ADC values (ADC range) between different zones of EC were explored.ResultsFor qualitative diagnosis, the sensitivity of T2WI–DWI (97%) was higher than T2WI alone (85%) (p = 0.046).For TS estimation, no significant difference (PLD = 0.579; PHD = 0.261) was observed between T2WI (LDT2WI = 3.90 cm; HDT2WI = 2.88 cm) and MSS (LD = 4.00 cm; HD = 3.06 cm), whereas TS of cDWI (LDDWI = 3.01 cm; HDDWI = 2.54 cm) were smaller than MSS (PLD = 0.002; PHD = 0.002) in all lesions. In subgroup of tumor with G1 (grade 1) and small lesion (defined as maximum diameter < 3 cm), both T2WI and cDWI were not significantly different from MSS; In subgroup of tumor with G2 + 3 (grade 2 and grade 3) and big lesion (maximum diameter ≥ 3 cm), T2WI matched well with MSS still, but DWI lost accuracy significantly. The result of ADC values between different zones of tumor showed ADC mean of EC rose from central zone to peripheral zone of tumor gradually and ADC range widened gradually.ConclusioncDWI can detect EC very sensitively. The TS on cDWI was smaller than the fact for the ECs with G2/3 and big size. The TS of T2WI was in accordance with the actual size for all ECs. The heterogeneity may be responsible for the inaccuracy of cDWI.
Phase space description of the dynamics due to the coupled effect of the planetary oblateness and the solar radiation pressure perturbations
Authors: Alessi Elisa Maria , Colombo Camilla , Rossi Alessandro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide an analytical model to characterize the equilibrium points and the phase space associated with the singly averaged dynamics caused by the planetary oblateness coupled with the solar radiation pressure perturbations. A two-dimensional differential system is derived by considering the classical theory, supported by the existence of an integral of motion comprising semi-major axis, eccentricity and inclination. Under the single resonance hypothesis, the analytical expressions for the equilibrium points in the eccentricity-resonant angle space are provided, together with the corresponding linear stability. The Hamiltonian formulation is also given. The model is applied considering, as example, the Earth as major oblate body, and a simple tool to visualize the structure of the phase space is presented. Finally, some considerations on the possible use and development of the proposed model are drawn.
The potential of magnetisation transfer NMR to monitor the dissolution process of cellulose in cold alkali
Authors: Gunnarsson Maria , Hasani Merima , Bernin Diana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCellulose is the most important biopolymer on earth and, when derived from e.g. wood, a promising alternative to for example cotton, which exhibits a large environmental burden. The replacement depends, however, on an efficient dissolution process of cellulose. Cold aqueous alkali systems are attractive but these solvents have peculiarities, which might be overcome by understanding the acting mechanisms. Proposed dissolution mechanisms are for example the breakage of hydrophobic interactions and partly deprotonation of the cellulose hydroxyl groups. Here, we performed a mechanistic study using equimolar aqueous solutions of LiOH, NaOH and KOH to elucidate the dissolution process of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The pH was the highest for KOH(aq) followed by NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq). We used a combination of conventional and advanced solution-state NMR methods to monitor the dissolution process of MCC by solely increasing the temperature from − 10 to 5 °C. KOH(aq) dissolved roughly 25% of the maximum amount of MCC while NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq) dissolved up to 70%. Water motions on nanoscale timescales present in non-frozen water, remained unaffected on the addition of MCC. Magnetisation transfer (MT) NMR experiments monitored the semi-rigid MCC as a function of temperature. Interestingly, although NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq) were able to dissolve a similar amount at 5 °C, MT spectra revealed differences with increasing temperature, suggesting a difference in the swollen state of MCC in LiOH(aq) already at − 10 °C. Furthermore, MT NMR shows a great potential to study the water exchange dynamics with the swollen and semi-rigid MCC fraction in these systems, which might give valuable insights into the dissolution mechanism in cold alkali.
A modified ionic liquid clay to remove heavy metals from water: investigating its catalytic activity
Authors: Kakaei S. , Khameneh E. S. , Hosseini M. H. , Moharreri M. M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The new clay modified with triazole and triazolium ligands was prepared in this research. These materials were applied as abundant and eco-friendly adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions such as Pb(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) ions. The adsorption efficiency of these materials was calculated by relevant equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich as well as kinetic studies with pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. These adsorbents proved to be very active on heavy metal ion adsorption. The characterization of these new materials was carried out by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as SEM-map analysis. Eventually, the catalytic activity of the adsorbents which treated with heavy metal ion solutions was studied in the reduction of nitroarenes to its corresponding amines. The prepared adsorbent–catalyst materials indicated efficient catalytic activity in the reduction of nitroarenes to amines in ambient conditions.

Graphic abstract
Colorectal Cancer Outcomes in a Large Negative Computed Tomography Colonography Screening Cohort
Authors: McComiskey David A. , Barrett Brendan , Flemming Jeffrey , McKay Kathy , Sala Eric 
Published: September 2019

Introduction At our institution, the most common cohort of individuals having computed tomography colonography (CTC) are those that require primary screening for colorectal cancer and were unable to tolerate or failed optical colonoscopy (OC). CTC is an efficient method for detecting polyps, masses, flat-lesions, and overt colorectal cancer, serving as a viable alternative to colonoscopy. This study follows patients with negative CTC results to evaluate the number of clinically significant lesions that may have been potentially missed by CTC. We suspect this number will be exceedingly low given the high sensitivity of this technique. Methods All patients with negative CTC screening (n = 509) in the Eastern Health Medical Health Region, located in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada were included. An electronic medical record review was undertaken, encompassing provider, colonoscopy, imaging, and histopathology reports. Subjects were also checked through the Newfoundland Cancer Clinic Registry Database. All incidents of colorectal cancer were recorded. Results The study cohort comprised 509 subjects. These subjects were followed for an average of 7.88 years. Two colorectal adenocarcinomas in this cohort were identified representing a crude cancer incidence rate of 0.49 cancers per 1000 patient years, and a rate of 0.39% following a normal CTC. Conclusions Colorectal cancer presenting clinically is rare in the 7.88 years following a negative CTC, suggesting CTC is equally effective for colorectal screening compared to OC. Furthermore, current guidelines that recommend interval CTC screening every 5 years is conservative, and interval screening can likely be recommended over a longer time frame.
Public feedback on a proposed statewide virtual translational research community
Authors: Eder Milton (Mickey) , Patten Christi A. , Brockman Tabetha A. , Hendricks Deborah , Valdez-Soto Miguel , Zavala-Rocha Maria , Amelang Miriam , Wi Chung , Major-Elechi Brittny , Balls-Berry Joyce (Joy) E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Researchers have explored using the internet and social media to recruit participants to specific research projects. Less systematic work has been done to inform the engagement of large populations in virtual communities to advance clinical and translational science. We report on our first step to use social media to engage Minnesota residents by studying the willingness of participants to engage in a virtual (Facebook) community about the concepts of health and health-related research.Methods:Data were collected at the 2018 Minnesota State Fair using a cross-sectional, 46-item survey with assessment including sociodemographics and willingness to engage in a Facebook group for health-related research. Quantitative analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Content analysis was used to generate themes from open-ended survey responses.Results:Five hundred people completed the survey; after data cleaning, 418 participant responses informed this report. A majority were younger than age 50 (73%), female (66%), and married/partnered (54%). Overall, 46% of participants agreed/strongly agreed they are willing to join the Facebook group. Multivariate logistic regression identified social media use over the past 6 months as the sole variable independently associated with willingness to join the Facebook group (once a day vs. never or rarely OR = 1.82 (0.86, 3.88), several hours a day vs. never or rarely OR = 2.17 (1.17, 4.02, overall p-value 0.048).Conclusion:Facebook holds potential for reaching a broader community, democratizing access to and engagement with clinical and translational research. Social media infrastructure and content could be disseminated to other institutions with Clinical and Translational Science Awards.
Cognitive gadgets and genetic accommodation
Authors: Jablonka Eva , Ginsburg Simona , Dor Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHeyes argues that human metacognitive strategies (cognitive gadgets) evolved through cultural rather than genetic evolution. Although we agree that increased plasticity is the hallmark of human metacognition, we suggest cognitive malleability required the genetic accommodation of gadget-specific processes that enhanced the overall cognitive flexibility of humans.
Executive functions are cognitive gadgets
Authors: Braem Senne , Hommel Bernhard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Many psychologists and neuroscientists still see executive functions as independent, domain-general, supervisory functions that are often dissociated from more “low-level” associative learning. Here, we suggest that executive functions very much build on associative learning, and argue that executive functions might be better understood as culture-sensitive cognitive gadgets, rather than as ready-made cognitive instincts.
Impact of neighbourhood food environment on diet and obesity in China: a systematic review
Authors: An Ruopeng , He Li , Shen MS Jing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:This study systematically reviewed literature on the neighbourhood food environment in relation to diet and obesity among residents in China.Design:A keyword search of peer-reviewed articles was performed in Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include study designs: longitudinal/cohort studies or cross-sectional studies; study participants: people of all ages; exposures: neighbourhood food environment (e.g. restaurants, supermarkets, wet markets, fast-food restaurants, or convenience stores); outcomes: diet and/or body weight status; and country: China.Results:Seventeen studies met all criteria and were included. Among the eight studies that assessed the neighbourhood food environment in relation to diet, six reported at least one statistically significant relationship in the expected direction, whereas the remaining two exclusively reported null effects. Among the eleven studies that assessed the neighbourhood food environment in relation to body weight or overweight/obesity, ten reported a significant association whereas the remaining one reported a null relationship. Variety, density, and proximity of food outlets were positively associated with local residents’ dietary diversity, portion size, and daily caloric intake. Density and proximity of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores were positively associated with local residents’ adiposity in some but not all studies. Evidence linking any specific food outlet type to diet/obesity remains lacking due to the small number of studies and heterogeneities in food environment measures, geographical locations, and population subgroups.Conclusions:The neighbourhood food environment may influence diet and obesity among Chinese residents but the evidence remains preliminary. Future studies adopting an experimental study design and objective/validated environment and dietary measures are warranted.
The attitudes of homeless women in London towards contraception
Authors: Shah Pooja , Koch Tamar , Singh Surinder 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aim:
To gain a clearer understanding of the attitudes of homeless women towards contraception in central London.

Background:
Homeless women are more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies. This makes it imperative to address the health needs of this population. Evidence regarding the obstacles homeless women face when using contraception and accessing sexual/reproductive care is sparse, and almost non-existent in the United Kingdom (UK). American research has identified past experiences of women suffering side effects and their fear of serious health risks as deterrents of sustained contraceptive use among this population.

Method:
This study used convenience sampling and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. During the interview, a topic guide was used to ensure data relevant to the study aim were being collected. In total, 14 English-speaking women, previously street homeless and/or living in temporary accommodation from two homeless shelters located in central London, were interviewed.

Findings:
In summary, the results suggest this group of study respondents find ongoing access to advice on contraception services difficult largely because of their homelessness. This pre-eminent factor alongside their vulnerability inevitably means that other issues take precedence on a daily basis. Furthermore, issues such as individual choice of contraception and the perceptions of this group of women to health professionals ultimately determine whether women receive the services they need. Bearing in mind the paucity of studies in this area of homelessness, the results point to the need for more research and to the allied question ‘how is it best to provide contraceptive services to those women who find themselves homeless?’
Extractive institutions? Investor returns to Indian railway companies in the age of high imperialism
Authors: Bogart Dan , Chaudhary Latika 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDid colonial policies in India deliver excessive returns to British investors? We answer this question using annual data on Indian securities trading on the London Stock Exchange. We present new series on market capitalization, capital gains, dividend yields, and total returns of railway securities from 1880 to 1929. The average annual total return on the largest and most important Indian railway securities was 3.7%. These returns were not excessive by any financial standard. Indeed, they were lower than the return on railway securities in North America, Latin America, and Asia. We also undertake an event study analysis to assess whether Indian railways significantly benefited British investors. When the Government of India purchased large positions in the private railway companies between 1880 and 1910, there were opportunities for profit making. However, we find no evidence of abnormal investor returns in the years leading to the purchase of railway companies. Broadly our findings call into question the extractive nature of colonial railway policy.