bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting styles of Proterozoic crustal evolution: A hot-plate tectonic model for Australian terranes
Authors: McLaren Sandra , Sandiford Mike , Powell Roger 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Proterozoic terranes in Australia record complex tectonic histories in the interval 1900– 1400 Ma that have previously been interpreted by means of simple intracratonic or plate-tectonic models. However, these models do not fully account for (1) repeated tectonic reactivation (both orogenesis and rifting), (2) mainly high-temperature–low-pressure metamorphism, (3) rifting and sag creating thick sedimentary basins, (4) the nature and timing of voluminous felsic magmatism, (5) relatively large aspect ratio orogenic belts, and (6) a general paucity of diagnostic plate-boundary features. A key to understanding these histories is the observation that Australian Proterozoic terranes are characterized by an extraordinary, but heterogeneous, enrichment of the heat-producing elements. This enrichment must contribute to long-term lithospheric weakening, and thus we advocate a hybrid lithospheric evolution model with two tectonic switches: plate-boundary–derived stresses and heat-producing-element–related lithospheric weakening. The Australian Proterozoic crustal growth record is therefore a function of the magnitude of these stresses, the way in which the heat-producing elements are distributed, and how both of these change with time.
Extensional troughs in the Caloris Basin of Mercury: Evidence of lateral crustal flow
Authors: Watters Thomas R. , Nimmo Francis , Robinson Mark S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Thirty years ago Mariner 10 revealed extensional troughs that form giant polygons in the floor material of the Caloris impact basin, Mercury. The polygonal troughs occur in the interior of the basin and overprint wrinkle ridges formed in an earlier stage of compression. In contrast, lunar and martian basins exhibit extensional troughs that are circumferential and confined to basin margins. Loading by basin-filling material can explain the extensional and compressional features seen in deformed lunar and martian basins, but not the existence of the Caloris polygonal troughs. Here we suggest that the Caloris troughs formed from late-stage basin uplift and extension due to lateral flow of a relatively thick crust toward the basin center. If such lateral flow occurs, the resulting timing, location, and magnitude of the extensional stresses predicted by our model are consistent with those inferred from the polygonal troughs. These results are not strongly dependent on the degree of lateral flow or the assumed crustal rigidity. For a dry plagioclase rheology and likely radiogenic heat fluxes, the crustal thickness around Caloris is 90–140 km. Similar late-stage uplift and extension probably do not occur in basins on the Moon and Mars because their crusts are too thin to allow analogous lateral flow.
Evaluation of an intervention addressing a reablement programme for older, community-dwelling persons in Sweden (ASSIST 1.0): a protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Bergström Aileen , Borell Lena , Meijer Sebastiaan , Guidetti Susanne 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionOlder persons with functional limitations often need assistance from home care staff to thrive and continue to live in their home environments. Reablement, a proactive, preventative approach administered by home care staff, stimulating active engagement of the older person, is often recommended. Even though reablement has a potential to become a new rehabilitation model and has been implemented in different countries in various degrees, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the process of establishing reablement, the theoretical underpinnings and the conditionality and outcomes in different contexts. This knowledge is needed before full-scale recommendations can be made for implementation in specific contexts.AimThis study protocol aims to present a feasibility study of the intervention, ASSIST 1.0, a theory-based reablement programme, which includes coaching of home care staff and digitally based smart products, in a Swedish context.Methods and analysisThis feasibility study will evaluate the perceived value and acceptability of ASSIST 1.0 intervention programme regarding fidelity, reach and dose, and potential outcomes by using a pretest and post-test design involving an intervention group and a control group (n=30) of older persons living at home, needing home care services. Qualitative interviews with home care staff delivering ASSIST and the older adults receiving the intervention as well as their significant others will be conducted to explore aspects affecting the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the regional ethics board. The results of the feasibility study will form the base for refinement of the ASSIST programme and for the subsequent planning of a full-scale randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of the programme on a larger scale. Dissemination will include peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences as well as information to involved stakeholders.Trial registration numberNCT03505619
Prevalence of psoriasis and associated risk factors in China: protocol of a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Jing , Yu Meiwen , Wang Ya-wen , Zhang Jia-an , Ju Mei , Chen Kun , Jiang Yu , Li Min , Chen Xiang-Sheng 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which could lead to serious complications and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Psoriasis was recognised as a serious non-communicable disease with important public health impact by member states in the World Health Assembly resolution in 2014. However, data on psoriasis epidemiology are scarce worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. Only a few epidemiological studies on psoriasis have been conducted in parts of China, mostly without appropriate sampling design and data analysis.AimThis study aims to obtain the prevalence of psoriasis in China and relevant risk factors through a nationwide, population-based study with adequate statistical design.Methods and analysisThis is a cross-sectional study to be conducted in 60 sites across China. A multistage, cluster random sampling design is used. Participants should have local household registration or be residing in the survey area for at least 6 months during the past year. The presence of psoriasis is ascertained independently by two certified dermatologists. If any discrepancies in the diagnosis occur, consensus will be met via discussion. All participants will be interviewed with a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and disease information. The field survey will be implemented from October 2018 to June 2019. All statistical analyses will be conducted using survey procedures in SAS V.9.2 software to adjust for the complex sample design.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of the Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Nanjing, China). A written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before the questionnaire survey. Findings of the study will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Nasogastric/Nasoenteric tube-related incidents in hospitalised patients: a study protocol of a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Pereira Marta Cristiane Alves , Prado Patricia Rezende do , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de , Koepp Janine , Freitas Ligia Menezes de , Teixeira Thalyta Cardoso Alux , Miasso Adriana Inocenti 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionHospitalised patients with nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NGT/NET) are at constant risk of incidents; therefore, healthcare professionals need to routinely monitor risks and adopt strategies for patient safety and quality of care.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the NGT/NET-related incidents in hospitalised patients and associated factors.MethodsThis is a multicentre study, with a prospective cohort design. Data will be collected at the general medical ward of seven Brazilian hospitals in the north, northeast, southeast and south. The sample will consist of 391 patients that require an NGT/NET during hospitalisation. Three different methods will be used to identify the incidents: (1) healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers will be required to report any NGT/NET-related incidents; (2) researchers will visit the wards to get information about the incidents with healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers; (3) the researchers will review the medical records looking for information on the occurrence of any NGT/NET-related incidents. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic details will be obtained from the medical records and will be registered in an electronic data collection tool developed for the purposes of this study. The complexity of patients will be assessed by the Patient Classification System, and the severity of comorbid diseases will be assessed through the Charlson Comorbidity Index.Implication for practiceThe results may encourage the use of evidence effectively to influence the scientific foundation for clinical practice and the development of evidence-based policies that will prevent, manage and eliminate complications caused by NGT/NET-related incidents, and improve the quality and safety of care provided to hospitalised patients.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Detailed information about the study can be provided by the principal investigator. The findings will be reported through academic journals, seminar and conference presentations, social media, print media, the internet and community/stakeholder engagement activities.
Potential missed opportunities to prevent ischaemic stroke: prospective multicentre cohort study of atrial fibrillation-associated ischaemic stroke and TIA
Authors: Wilson Duncan , Ambler Gareth , Shakeshaft Clare , Banerjee Gargi , Charidimou Andreas , Seiffge David , White Mark , Cohen Hannah , Yousry Tarek , Rustam Al-Shahi Salman , Lip Gregory Y H , Muir Keith , Brown Martin M , Jäger H R , Werring David J 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveWe report on: (1) the proportion of patients with known atrial fibrillation (AF); and (2) demographic, clinical or radiological differences between patients with known AF (and not treated) and patients with newly diagnosed AF, in a cohort of patients who presented with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) not previously treated with anticoagulation.DesignWe reviewed cross-sectional baseline demographic and clinical data from a prospective observational cohort study, (CROMIS-2).SettingPatients were recruited from 79 hospital stroke centres throughout the UK and one centre in the Netherlands.ParticipantsPatients were eligible if they were adults who presented with ischaemic stroke or TIA and AF and had not been previously treated with oral anticoagulation.Main outcome measuresProportion of patients with known AF before index ischaemic stroke or TIA from a cohort of patients who have not been previously treated with oral anticoagulation. Secondary analysis includes the comparison of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores and other demographics and risk factors between those with newly diagnosed AF and those with previously known AF.ResultsOf 1470 patients included in the analysis (mean age 76 years (SD 10)), 622 (42%) were female; 999 (68%) patients had newly diagnosed AF and 471 (32%) patients had known AF. Of the 471 patients with known AF, 68% had a strong indication for anticoagulation and 89% should have been considered for anticoagulation based upon CHA2DS2-VASc score. Patients with known AF were more likely to have a prior history of dementia (4% vs 2%, p=0.02) and had higher HAS-BLED scores (median 3 vs 2). CHA2DS2-VASc, other risk factors and demographics were similar.ConclusionsAbout 1/3 of patients who present with stroke and have AF who have not been treated with oral anticoagulation have previously known AF. Of these patients, at least 68% were not adequately treated with oral anticoagulation.Trial registration numberNCT02513316.
Reliability of hospital scores for the Cancer Patient Experience Survey: analysis of publicly reported patient survey data
Authors: Abel Gary A , Gomez-Cano Mayam , Pham Tra My , Lyratzopoulos Georgios 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the degree to which variations in publicly reported hospital scores arising from the English Cancer Patient Experience Survey (CPES) are subject to chance.DesignSecondary analysis of publically reported data.SettingEnglish National Health Service hospitals.Participants72 756 patients who were recently treated for cancer in one of 146 hospitals and responded to the 2016 English CPES.Main outcome measuresSpearman-Brown reliability of hospital scores on 51 evaluative questions regarding cancer care.ResultsHospitals varied in respondent sample size with a median hospital sample size of 419 responses (range 31–1972). There were some hospitals with generally highly reliable scores across most questions, whereas other hospitals had generally unreliable scores (the median reliability of question scores within individual hospitals varied between 0.11 and 0.86). Similarly, there were some questions with generally high reliability across most hospitals, whereas other questions had generally low reliability. Of the 7377 individual hospital scores publically reported (146 hospitals by 51 questions, minus 69 suppressed scores), only 34% reached a reliability of 0.7, the minimum generally considered to be useful. In order for 80% of the individual hospital scores to reach a reliability of 0.7, some hospitals would require a fourfold increase in number of respondents; although in a few other hospitals sample sizes could be reduced.ConclusionsThe English Patient Experience Survey represents a globally unique source for understanding experience of a patient with cancer; but in its present form, it is not reliable for high stakes comparisons of the performance of different hospitals. Revised sampling strategies and survey questions could help increase the reliability of hospital scores, and thus make the survey fit for use in performance comparisons.
Prevalence and intensity ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection in pediatric populations on antiretroviral therapy in north-western Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mazigo Humphrey D , Kirway Laurence , Ambrose Emmanuela Ausebio 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundIn areas where HIV and intestinal schistosomiasis are highly endemic, co-infections of the two diseases in a single human host are frequent. Evidence in adult populations indicates that HIV and intestinal schistosomiasis are associated with negative health impacts. However, the topic of HIV and schistosomiasis in paediatric populations has received little attention. The present study determined the prevalence and intensity ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection in a paediatric population on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in north-western Tanzania.Design, settings and participantsA cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected children aged 1–16 years on ART attending a Care and Treatment Clinic at Ukerewe Designated District Hospital, north-western Tanzania.Main outcome measuresSingle stool and urine samples were collected and screened forS. mansonieggs and circulating cathodic antigen (CCA), using the Kato-Katz (KK) technique and point-of-care CCA (POC-CCA) rapid urine test, respectively.ResultsA total of 134 children with a median age of 10 years (IQR 7–12 years) participated in the study. Of these, 44.8% (60/134) and 55.2% (74/134) were female and male, respectively. The overall prevalence ofS. mansonibased on the KK technique and POC-CCA rapid test were 10.7% (95% CI 5.9% to 18.4%) and 33.8% (95% CI 26.2% to 42.4%), respectively. The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram of faeces was 293.9 GM-epg (95% CI 123.3 to 700.9). A small proportion of the children had moderate (4.9%, 5/103) and heavy (3.8%, 4/103) intensity of infection.ConclusionPaediatric populations on ART are co-infected withS. mansoniinfection. Screening and treatment of intestinal schistosomiasis at initiation of ART is recommended to reduce the risk of developing hepatosplenic disease, schistosomiasis-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and the possible adverse effect of schistosomiasis on outcome of ART.
Why is reporting quality improvement so hard? A qualitative study in perioperative care
Authors: Jones Emma Leanne , Dixon-Woods Mary , Martin Graham P 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesQuality improvement (QI) may help to avert or mitigate the risks of suboptimal care, but it is often poorly reported in the healthcare literature. We aimed to identify the influences on reporting QI in the area of perioperative care, with a view to informing improvements in reporting QI across healthcare.DesignQualitative interview study.SettingHealthcare and academic organisations in Australia, Europe and North America.ParticipantsStakeholders involved in or influencing the publication, writing or consumption of reports of QI studies in perioperative care.ResultsForty-two participants from six countries took part in the study. Participants included 15 authors (those who write QI reports), 12 consumers of QI reports (practitioners who apply QI research in practice), 11 journal editors and 4 authors of reporting guidelines. Participants identified three principal challenges in achieving high-quality QI reporting. First, the broad scope of QI reporting—ranging from small local projects to multisite research across different disciplines—causes uncertainty about where QI work should be published. Second, context is fundamental to the success of a QI intervention but is difficult to report in ways that support replication and development. Third, reporting is adversely affected by both proximal influences (such as lack of time to write up QI) and more distal, structural influences (such as norms about the format and content of biomedical research reporting), leading to incomplete reporting of QI findings.ConclusionsDivergent terminology and understandings of QI, along with existing reporting norms and the challenges of capturing context adequately yet succinctly, make for challenges in reporting QI. We offer suggestions for improvement.
Recidivism, health and social functioning following release to the community of NSW prisoners with problematic drug use: study protocol of the population-based retrospective cohort study on the evaluation of the Connections Program
Authors: Sullivan Elizabeth , Ward Stephen , Zeki Reem , Wayland Sarah , Sherwood Juanita , Wang Alex , Worner Faye , Kendall Sacha , Brown James , Chang Sungwon 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionThe rising rate of incarceration in Australia, driven by high reoffending, is a major public health problem. Problematic drug use is associated with increasing rates of reoffending and return to custody of individuals. Throughcare provides support to individuals during imprisonment through to post-release, improving both the transition to community and health outcomes post-incarceration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Connections Programme (CP) that utilises a throughcare approach for release planning of people in prison with a history of problematic drug use. The study protocol is described.Methods and analysisPopulation-based retrospective cohort study. The study will use record linkage of the Connections dataset with 10 other New South Wales (NSW) population datasets on offending, health service utilisation, opioid substitution therapy, pregnancy, birth and mortality. The study includes all patients who were eligible to participate in the CP between January 2008 and December 2015 stratified by patients who were offered CP and eligible patients who were not offered the programme (non-CP (NCP)). Propensity-score matching will be used to appropriately adjust for the observable differences between CP and NCP. The differences between two groups will be examined using appropriate univariate and multivariate analyses. A generalised estimating equation approach, which can deal with repeat outcomes for individuals will be used to examine recidivism, mortality and other health outcomes, including perinatal and infant outcomes. Survival analysis techniques will be used to examine the effect of the CP by sex and Indigenous status on the ‘time-to’ health-related outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received from the NSW Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee, the Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee, the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council Ethics Committee, the Corrective Services NSW Ethics Committee and the University of Technology Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee.
Protocol for the development and acceptability of a fertility-related decision aid for young women with breast cancer in Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Vânia , Travado Luzia , Ferreira Pedro Lopes , Quinn Gwendolyn 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionYoung patients with breast cancer may face impaired fertility due to cancer treatments, which often leads to complex fertility decisions. To aid fertility decision-making, it is crucial that women have access to high-quality information; however, their fertility information needs are often unmet. Decision aids (DAs) are educational materials to assist with decision-making, by addressing individual values and preferences. In oncofertility, DAs may constitute a valuable resource to help patients obtain information and make better informed decisions. This paper reports on the protocol of the development and transcreation of a fertility-related DA booklet to support young Portuguese patients with breast cancer, originally developed and validated for an Australian audience.Methods and analysisRecent literature on clinical guidelines will be reviewed. A summary of these guidelines will be created and will inform the first round of DAs revisions. A forward translation process will translate the DA from Australian English to Portuguese. A multidisciplinary Portuguese experts panel will revise and give feedback on the scientific and cultural aspects of the DA content for Portuguese audience. Next, a backward translation process will assess content equivalence between the original and the final adapted version. Finally, Learner Verification (LV) will be used in a qualitative study of young patients with breast cancer and their partners. Two focus groups with 6–10 participants each will be conducted with: (1) recently diagnosed young patients with breast cancer; (2) breast cancer survivors and (3) their partners. Results from the DA acceptability assessment will inform its final version. Data will be analysed using content analysis and constant comparison method to identify key themes/textual units related to LV.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Portuguese Institute of Oncology Porto. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings for academic and health professionals audiences.