bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Production of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Aqueous Dispersion Using Hexahydroxytriphenylene as a Dispersant and Stabilizer
Authors: Liu Gang , Liu Neng , López‐Moreno Alejandro , Zhao Ping , Dai Wubin , Shi Shengwei , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDispersing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is one of the key technologies for promoting the practical application of SWNTs in many fields. Herein, we report on an efficient dispersant, 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene, for dispersing SWNTs through noncovalent functionalization. Typically, 68 wt% of the initial SWNTs (25 mg/L) were well dispersed in water at the low concentration of hexahydroxytriphenylene (25 mg/L). In order to compare the efficiency of various dispersants, we propose mole‐ and weight‐based dispersing efficiency index (m‐ and w‐DEI, respectively) based on the concentration of the dispersant employed (Cm‐DPS mmol/L or Cw‐DPS mg/L) and the concentration of the SWNTs dispersed (Cd‐CNT mg/L); m‐ and w‐DEI are defined as Cd‐CNT / Cm‐DPS and Cd‐CNT / Cw‐DPS, respectively. Although a biopolymer shows slightly better m‐DEI than hexahydroxytriphenylene, the w‐DEI of hexahydroxytriphenylene is better than that of all the dispersants we compared. For example, the m‐ and w‐DEI of hexahydroxytriphenylene are much better than those of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), one of the most widely used dispersant for SWNTs, by two and three orders of magnitude, respectively. The large difference of the DEI between 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene and SDBS is found to be supported by the difference in their association constants (Ka) for the complexation with SWNTs, which were determined by the recently reported titration method.
Study of the Capacitive Behavior of MOF‐Derived Nanocarbon Polyhedra
Authors: Azad Uday Pratap , Ghosh Sourav , Verma Chandra Jeet , Singh Ashish Kumar , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Prakash Rajiv 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCo containing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) with polyhedral morphology was synthesized in aqueous media and utilized as precurser for synthesis of nanoporous carbon polyhedra without using any other carbon source. The phase, composition and morphology of the annealed products could be tailored by changing the annealing temperature as well as acid treatment. Our study herein provides a new insight into the formation of porous carbon polyhedra from ZIF‐67.
Electrochemical Impedance and its Applications in Energy‐Storage Systems
Authors: Qu Deyang , Wang Gongwei , Kafle Janak , Harris Joshua , Crain Logan , Jin Zhihong , Zheng Dong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrochemical impedance is a powerful tool in the investigation of electrochemical systems. It obtains kinetic information of an interfacial process in the vicinity of a stable state by applying a low‐amplitude sinusoidal potential‐modulation signal on the stable (may not be completely at equilibrium) potential, and from the responding current signal, the kinetic information can be obtained. Here, the fundamental impedance responses of the common electrochemical processes, e.g., double‐layer, charge transfer, and diffusion are introduced with respect to energy‐storage systems. The impedance response of porous electrodes and the transmission‐line model are emphasized. Numerical fitting and simulation through an equivalent circuit are reviewed with the examples of the electrodes used in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.
3D Current Collectors for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Topical Review
Authors: Yue Yuan , Liang Hong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCurrent collectors play important roles in enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries. Currently used collectors are mostly made of aluminum or copper foils through slurry casting with binders that have not reached optimal capacity. Furthermore, extended cycles of charge and discharge induce detachment of the cast layer, resulting in damage to the structural integrity. In order to better understand the principles of the performance of and thus optimize current collectors, a critical review is conducted focusing on their structures. Through analysis of data collected from more than 50 publications, the capacity and retention as a function of current density and charge cycle, respectively, are identified. Two new terms, which are characteristic of 3D current collectors, are defined as Regime I and Regime II in the corresponding plots. Regime I refers to the maximum reversible capacity and Regime II to the maximum capacitor retention. The greater the values of those values, the greater the enhancement of capacity and retention. Using these concepts, it is predicted that carbonaceous and fibrous 3D hierarchical current collectors would be beneficial as battery collectors. The results and approach provide perspective for future design and advancement of electrochemical energy‐storage devices.
Über die Zeitfestigkeit von Augenstäben im Kranbau – ein praktischer Anwendungsfall
Authors: Göllnitz Thomas , Lang Robert , Osterhuber Dominik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDer Tragfähigkeitsnachweis von Augenstäben an Bolzenverbindungen ist seit Jahrzehnten in vielen Normen und Regelwerken zu finden. Dies trifft jedoch nur auf statische Lasten zu, während Betriebsfestigkeitsnachweise kaum zu finden sind. Im Kranbau spielen jedoch Bolzenverbindungen eine herausragende Rolle, so dass Betriebsfestigkeitsnachweise bemessungsrelevant erscheinen. In diesem Beitrag soll eine Verfahrensweise beziehungsweise Nachweisform dargestellt werden, die im Besonderen auf die Erfordernisse des Kranbaus abgestimmt ist.
Optimaler Einsatz von Hohlprofilen im Brückenbau
Authors: Bach Kirstin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMit Stahlbau‐Hohlprofilen lassen sich sehr attraktive, effiziente und filigrane Brücken als Stabwerkstrukturen gestalten. Ihr konstruktiv hervorragendes Tragverhalten mit geringer Knickgefährdung und hohem Torsionswiderstand macht Hohlprofile zu der perfekten Wahl für Druckstäbe und in Fachwerkkonstruktionen. Brücken mit Hohlprofilen weisen im Vergleich zu anderen Bauweisen ein besseres Verhältnis von Tragfähigkeit zu Gewicht auf, so dass der Materialverbrauch reduziert wird. Mit Hohlprofilen sind außerdem große Spannweiten möglich. Dies ermöglicht leichte, luftige Strukturen, die sich ästhetisch ansprechend in unsere Umwelt einfügen. Die Oberfläche, und damit die Beschichtungsfläche, ist vergleichsweise klein und es gibt keine scharfen Kanten, die Korrosionsprobleme verursachen können oder an denen sich Schmutz ablagern kann. Als Werkstoffe dürfen nach ZTV‐ING [14] als Hohlprofile für tragende Bauteile nur warmgefertigte Hohlprofile gemäß DIN EN 10210 [5] verwendet werden.Um ein technisch sicheres, wirtschaftliches und architektonisch ansprechendes Tragwerk zu erhalten, muss sich der Planer schon im frühen Entwurfsstadium Gedanken über die Anschlüsse sowie über die Herstellung und die Aufstellung der Konstruktion auf der Baustelle machen. Der im Stahlbau mögliche hohe Vorfertigungsgrad sollte bestmöglich genutzt werden, um die Bauzeit zu verkürzen und die Störung des Verkehrs zu minimieren. Auch an die Unterhaltung und Dauerhaftigkeit sollte hinsichtlich der Zugänglichkeit des Bauwerks bereits gedacht werden.
Experimental investigation of adsorption capacity of anthill in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution
Authors: Yusuff Adeyinka Sikiru , Olateju Idowu Iyabo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the present work, the adsorption capacity of anthill was investigated as a low‐cost adsorbent to remove the heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion (Pb2+), and zinc (II) ion (Zn2+) from an aqueous solution. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of the heavy metal ions were investigated under batch process. For the study we examined the effect of the solution's pH and the initial cations concentrations on the adsorption process under a fixed contact time and temperature. The anthill sample was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. From the SEM analysis, structural change in the adsorbent was a result of heavy metals adsorption. Based on the XRF analysis, the main composition of the anthill sample was silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and zirconia (ZrO2). The change in the peaks of the spectra before and after adsorption indicated that there was active participation of surface functional groups during the adsorption process. The experimental data obtained were analyzed using 2‐ and 3‐parameter isotherm models. The isotherm data fitted very well to the 3‐parameter Radke–Prausnitz model. It was noted that Pb2+ and Zn2+ can be effectively removed from aqueous solution using anthill as an adsorbent.
A conceptual framework of sustainable development strategy as “corporate responsibility” in manufacturing industry
Authors: Sulistiarini Emma Budi , Suparman Sudjito , Santoso Purnomo Budi , Tama Ishardita Pambudi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have mentioned that there are market‐oriented corporate responsibility strategies, stakeholder‐oriented corporate responsibility strategies, and sustainable development‐oriented corporate responsibility strategies. Those strategies are in the form of corporate responsibility to the people, to the planet, and to profit (widely known as the triple bottom line). The very crucial challenge faced by the manufacturing industry today involves environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources, both of which can be overcome by implementing sustainable development‐oriented strategies. In this study, data were obtained from sampling three manufacturing industry companies in East Java, Indonesia. The respondents selected for the survey included top management and employees. From the results of the survey review and descriptive analysis, the researchers created a framework of the concept of sustainable development as corporate responsibility for the manufacturing industry. There are three steps in the methodology: strategic thinking, model arrangement, and variable definition. Arranging the model itself also involves three steps, identifying: “what is the problem,” “boundaries,” and “components.” The strategy model is in the form of a conceptual framework and strategy map, which are easily adapted as a guideline for the manufacturing industry. The model was tested using the Conceptual Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development and General Structural Component Analysis statistics. The conceptual model in this work used the five perspectives of responsibility applied within the manufacturing industry, which address the environment, social welfare, the intrinsic value of direct financial gain (in this context, this refers to competitive advantage), technology development, and performance management. Further research is needed to break down the conceptual framework and strategy map into more detailed, technical guidance.
Multi‐strainer model concept for conjunctive pumping of saline and non‐saline groundwater from coastal aquifers
Authors: Islam Muktarun , Hoque M. Mozzammel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe current paper discusses the multi‐strainer technique developed to augment usable water by the combined use of saline and non‐saline aquifers in locations where a freshwater aquifer is underlain or overlain by a saline water aquifer. The multi‐strainer technique evaluates design criteria for the formulation of multi‐strainer schemes to supply water at an acceptable salinity limit by combined use of the saline and non‐saline aquifers. The design ratio of discharges can be maintained by adjusting the strainers’ lengths in the saline and non‐saline aquifers. The multi‐strainer scheme has been applied in the coastal aquifers of Bangladesh and found to be effective at lowering the water salinity concentrations to acceptable levels, thus increasing the availability of water for sustainable use. The multi‐strainer scheme should be designed based on the thickness of the aquifer layers to be screened, the salinity concentrations of the screened layers, and the level of salinity concentration to be maintained.
Climate variability, water levels, and fish catch in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Authors: Issahaku Abdul‐Rahaman , Campion Benjamin Betey , Edziyie Regina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of the research was to investigate the effects of climate variability on selected water bodies in the Upper East Region of Ghana using time series decomposition and simple linear regression analyses. Data on temperature and rainfall (1960–2015), annual total fish catch (1996–2016), and the recorded water levels (1987–2015) of a major reservoir, the Tono, were used. Time series decomposition analyses were performed on the rainfall, temperature, and water level data to identify their trends. While temperature was increasing, rainfall was decreasing and resulted in a decrease in the water level in the Tono Reservoir. The decreasing water level in the reservoir made fish catch easier, which led to overfishing. Out of the other 39 dugouts studied, 8 (21%) were silted. Also, rainfall was decreasing at 4.4% per decade and minimum and maximum temperatures were increasing at 2.5% and 0.03% per decade, respectively. The minimum, maximum, and mean water levels of the Tono Reservoir were 3.7, 8.0, and 4.9 meters (m), respectively. The water level of the Tono Reservoir was decreasing by −0.08 m per year. It is concluded that the water level in the Tono Reservoir was continually decreasing as a result of decreasing rainfall and increasing maximum and minimum temperatures. To maintain a much more stable microclimate and decrease the siltation rate of the reservoirs, farmers are advised to stop farming along the banks of water bodies and avoid clearing vegetation. Fishermen are also encouraged to adopt fish farming in enclosed areas within the reservoir to meet the growing protein demands in the Upper East Region of Ghana.
Trace elements in sediments in a city with agricultural development
Authors: Juchen Carlos Roberto , Boas Marcio Antônio Vilas , Poleto Cristiano , Juchen Patricia Trevisani , Hemkemeier Thiago Alex 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of trace elements in sediment samples taken from impermeable urban areas of a city with predominantly agroindustrial development characteristics. For this, samples were taken every month from paved streets in the city of Toledo, Paraná State (PR), Brazil. Thus, trace element levels were obtained through analysis performed by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Levels of total organic carbon were also obtained through the dry combustion method. When compared to local background levels, the trace element levels were shown to be enriched in the following percentage proportions: barium (Ba) (45.4%), copper (Cu) (48.6%), chromium (Cr) (37.2%), manganese (Mn) (81.6%), nickel (Ni) (0%), lead (Pb) (40%), zinc (Zn) (283.7%), magnesium (Mg) (34.3%), and sodium (Na) (250.2%), whereas the carbon (C) percentages were around 1%. The most significant enrichment factors occurred for Ba, Cr, Pb, Zn, Mg, and Na. The highest rates occurred in geoaccumulation where the sediments were enriched by zinc. According to the principal guidelines, the concentrations obtained for cadmium (Cd), Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn can cause adverse environmental impacts.
Reduced exosome miR‐425 and miR‐744 in the plasma represents the progression of fibrosis and heart failure
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Jiao , Xu Bin , Liu Yu‐Lan , Liu Zhou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHeart failure creates a leading public health burden worldwide and cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of pathological cardiac remodeling which was found in HF patients. In this study, we detected the expression of 9 candidate miRNAs in the plasma exosome samples from 31 HF patients, and found the level of miR‐21, miR‐425 and miR‐744 was altered. The downregulation of miR‐425 and miR‐744 was also found in angiotensin II treated cardiac fibroblasts. Through functional study, we identified that the reduction of miR‐425 and miR‐744 relates to overexpression of collagen 1 and α‐SMA, which result in fibrogenesis of cardiac fibroblasts. Conversely, overexpression of miR‐425 or miR‐744 in cultured cardiac fibroblasts significantly abrogates angiotensin induced collagen formation and fibrogenesis. Finally, we confirmed that TGFβ1 is a direct target of miR‐425 and miR‐744 by dual luciferase assay and immunoblotting. Our data demonstrate that miR‐425 and miR‐744 function as negative regulators of cardiac fibrosis by suppression TGFβ1 expression, and miR‐425 and miR‐744 level in the plasma exosomes has the potential to be a biomarker to predict cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
Describing CCFP(EM) programs in Canada: A national survey of program directors
Authors: Nath Avik , Yadav Krishan , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesEnhanced skills training in emergency medicine through the Canadian College of Family Physicians, CCFP(EM), has existed since the 1980s. Accreditation standards define what every program “must” and “should” have, yet little is known on what is currently done across Canada. Our objectives were to 1) describe major components of CCFP(EM) programs and 2) determine how curricular components are taught.MethodsAfter a rigorous development process (expert content development, cognitive reviews, and pilot testing), a survey questionnaire was administered to all 17 CCFP(EM) program directors using a modified Dillman technique.ResultsAll (17/17) program directors responded. Programs are similar in core clinical rotations conducted and provide ultrasound courses for basic skills (trauma, abdominal aortic aneurysm, intrauterine pregnancy). Variation exists for offering independent ultrasound certification (77%), advanced scanning (18%), and protected time for scanning (53%). All programs utilize high fidelity simulation. Some programs use in situ simulation (18%) and carry out a simulation boot camp (41%). Most centres require an academic project, which is a quality assurance project (53%) and/or a critical appraisal of the literature (59%). Publication or national conference presentations are required by 12% of programs. Competency-based curricula include simulation for rare procedures (88%), direct observations (65%), and a “transition to practice” curriculum (24%). All programs maintain strong connections to family medicine.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the diverse structures of CCFP(EM) programs across Canada. Programs have similar clinical rotations, ultrasound, and simulation requirements. Variation exists in administrative structure and financial resources of programs, academic project requirements, and programs’ competency-based curricula.
Subjective sleep quality and its etiology in the emergency department
Authors: Chauny Jean-Marc , Paquet Jean , Carrier Julie , Lavigne Gilles , Marquis Martin , Cournoyer Alexis , Manzini Christiane , Daoust Raoul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivePatient sleep quality has a significant impact on recovery. However, most hospital units do not provide an optimal environment for sleep and there are currently no data available on how well patients sleep during their emergency department stay. The main objective of this study was to assess the subjective quality of nighttime sleep and factors that affect sleep in the emergency department (ED).MethodsA prospective sample of patients aged 18 years and older who presented to the ED from July 2015 to October 2015 was investigated. All participants were on stretcher and slept at least one night in the ED. Participants were asked to complete a sleep questionnaire adapted to the ED environment on sleep quality and its potentially modifying factors.ResultsA total of 235 patients participated in the study (mean age: 64±20 years, 51% women). Compared to the week at home prior to admission, subjective sleep quality was lower in the ED (p<0.001): almost half the participants took more than 30 minutes to fall asleep, and they reported waking up 3.5 times per night on average. Lower subjective sleep quality in the ED was associated with higher stress, noise, and pain, as well as with stretcher comfort and lower home sleep quality the week prior to admission.ConclusionsSubjective sleep quality in the emergency department is not optimal, and is influenced by stress, noise, pain, and stretcher comfort, all potentially modifiable factors.
Developing a conceptual framework for the co-operative and mutual enterprise business model
Authors: Mazzarol Tim , Clark Delwyn , Reboud Sophie , Mamouni Limnios Elena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe co-operative and mutual enterprise business model represents a unique type of organisation that has a dual purpose focused on both economic and social goals. For nearly two centuries it has played an important role in economic development, job creation and addressing market failures. However, despite its potential importance to economic development it has been largely ignored within the mainstream economics and management literature. This paper provides an overview of the nature of the co-operative and mutual enterprise business model and also proposes a business model framework or ‘canvas’ that can be used for research, teaching and strategic analysis.
The “Other” at Home: Deportation and Transportation of Libyans to Italy During the Colonial Era (1911–1943)
Authors: Di Pasquale Francesca 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the practices of deportation and transportation of colonial subjects from Libya, Italy’s former possession, to the metropole throughout the entire colonial period (1911–1943). For the most part, the other colonial powers did not transport colonial subjects to Europe. Analysing the history of the punitive relocations of Libyans, this article addresses the ways in which the Italian case may be considered peculiar. It highlights the overlapping of the penal system and military practices and emphasizes the difficult dialogue between “centre” and “periphery” concerning security issues inside the colony. Finally, it focuses on the experience of the Libyans in Italy and shows how the presence there of colonial subjects in some respects overturned the “colonial situation”, undermining the relationship of power between Italians and North Africans.
Reporting in stapes surgery: are we following the guidelines?
Authors: Watson G J , da Cruz M 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis paper highlights the importance of reporting air–bone gap closure in stapes surgery according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery guidelines and reviews compliance in recent years.MethodsA retrospective case series was conducted and the outcomes were reviewed. Closure of the air–bone gap was calculated in 204 adult patients using the aforementioned guidelines. Results were recalculated ignoring the Carhart phenomenon to determine any significant difference. Adherence to guidelines was also reported as a secondary outcome.ResultsIgnoring the Carhart phenomenon resulted in 75 per cent over-reporting of successful air–bone gap closure (p&lt; 0.001). Over-reporting occurred in 5.9 per cent of papers, and in 11.8 per cent it was difficult to determine how the results were reached.ConclusionDespite the existence of clear guidelines, stapes surgery outcomes are still being over-reported as successful. This can lead to incorrect information being provided to patients during the consent process and makes comparative studies difficult.