bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derbyshire's oil and refining history: the James ‘Paraffin’ Young connection
Authors: Lea Cliff 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Following an adventitious oil flow into a coal mine in 1847 in the Riddings area of the county of Derbyshire in the English Midlands, the young Scottish chemist James Young carried out seminal work into the development of oil refining technology. In Derbyshire, by the end of 1848, he set up an early refinery to exploit this oil commercially by distillation, producing both lighting and lubrication fractions which he sold directly to end customers. His findings in Derbyshire led him to move on to investigate production and refining of oil from coal by destructive distillation, technology for which he gained his global reputation; Young's patented technology was adopted by the commercial refineries that were to follow in many countries as the world's oil fields sprang to life.
Fast Miss Ratio Curve Modeling for Storage Cache
Authors: Hu Xiameng , Wang Xiaolin , Zhou Lan , Luo Yingwei , Wang Zhenlin , Ding Chen , Ye Chencheng 
Published: April 2018

The reuse distance (least recently used (LRU) stack distance) is an essential metric for performance prediction and optimization of storage cache. Over the past four decades, there have been steady improvements in the algorithmic efficiency of reuse distance measurement. This progress is accelerating in recent years, both in theory and practical implementation.
In this article, we present a kinetic model of LRU cache memory, based on the average eviction time (AET) of the cached data. The AET model enables fast measurement and use of low-cost sampling. It can produce the miss ratio curve in linear time with extremely low space costs. On storage trace benchmarks, AET reduces the time and space costs compared to former techniques. Furthermore, AET is a composable model that can characterize shared cache behavior through sampling and modeling individual programs or traces.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Cortactin and Focal Adhesion Kinase Predicts Recurrence Risk and Laryngeal Cancer Risk Beyond Histologic Grading
Authors: Villaronga M. Ángeles , Hermida-Prado Francisco , Granda-Díaz Rocío , Menéndez Sofía T. , Álvarez-Teijeiro Saúl , Quer Miquel , Vilaseca Isabel , Allonca Eva , Garzón-Arango Marta , Sanz-Moreno Victoria , Astudillo Aurora , Rodrigo Juan P. , García-Pedrero Juana M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Cortactin (CTTN) and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are two major candidate genes to, respectively, drive 11q13- and 8q24-associated aggressive behavior in various cancers. Recent evidence uncovered their clinical relevance in early stages of tumorigenesis as promising biomarkers for cancer risk assessment.
Methods: Using a multicenter validation study, CTTN and FAK expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a cohort of 109 patients with laryngeal precancerous lesions, and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and laryngeal cancer risk. The pathophysiologic role of CTTN and FAK was further investigated using functional studies in cellular models.
Results: Positive CTTN and FAK expression (scores 2 and 3) was detected in 49 (41%) and 35 (32%) laryngeal dysplasias, respectively. Univariate Cox analysis showed that CTTN and FAK expression but not histologic grading was significantly associated with both recurrence risk and laryngeal cancer risk. Patients carrying strong CTTN- or FAK-expressing lesions (score 3) experienced the highest laryngeal cancer incidence (log-rank P &lt; 0.001). In multivariate stepwise analysis, FAK expression [HR = 13.91; 95% CI, 4.82–40.15; P &lt; 0.001] and alcohol consumption (HR = 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–4.20; P = 0.014) were significant independent predictors of laryngeal cancer development. Targeting FAK by either RNAi or pharmacologic inhibitors effectively blocked cell growth, colony formation, and invasion into 3D collagen matrices.
Conclusions: CTTN and FAK emerge as powerful predictors of laryngeal cancer risk and recurrence risk beyond histologic grading.
Impact: Our work supports the applicability of IHC CTTN and FAK as complementary markers for risk stratification in patients with laryngeal precancerous lesions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(7); 805–13. ©2018 AACR.
Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation After Initial Long-Term Ablation Success
Authors: Shah Shailee , Barakat Amr F. , Saliba Walid I. , Abdur Rehman Karim , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Rickard John , Bassiouny Mohamed , Baranowski Bryan , Tchou Patrick , Bhargava Mandeep , Chung Mina , Dresing Thomas , Callahan Thomas , Cantillon Daniel , Kanj Mohamed , Lindsay Bruce D. , Wazni Oussama M. , Hussein Ayman A. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Atrial fibrillation recurrence after initial long-term success of catheter ablation has been described, yet not well studied. We assessed the electrophysiological findings and outcomes of repeat ablation procedures in this setting.

Methods and Results:
Between 2000 and 2015, 10 378 patients underwent atrial fibrillation ablation and were enrolled in a prospectively maintained data registry. From this registry, we included all 137 consecutive patients who had initial long-term success, defined as freedom from recurrent arrhythmia for >36 months off antiarrhythmics, then underwent repeat ablation for recurrent atrial fibrillation. The median arrhythmia-free period that defined long-term success was 52 months (41–68 months). In redo ablations, reconnection along at least one of the pulmonary veins (PVs) was found in 111 (81%) patients. Reconnection along a left superior, left inferior, right superior, and right inferior PV was found in 64%, 62%, 50%, and 54% of patients, respectively, and were reisolated. Additional non-PV ablations were performed in 127 (92.7%) patients: posterior wall (46%), septal to right PVs (49%), superior vena cava (35%), roof lines (52%), and cavotricuspid isthmus (33%). After a median follow-up of 17 months (5–36.9 months), 103 patients (75%) were arrhythmia free (79 off antiarrhythmics, 24 on antiarrhythmics).

Conclusions:
PV reconnection is the most common electrophysiological finding in patients with atrial fibrillation recurrence after long-term success, but with lower rates than what had been reported for early recurrences. In our experience, repeat ablations in this setting involve complex ablation approaches to reisolate the PVs and modify the atrial substrate and are associated with good success rates.
Mortality and Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Stratification Using the Noninvasive Combination of Wide QRS Duration and Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marume Kyohei , Noguchi Teruo , Tateishi Emi , Morita Yoshiaki , Kamakura Tsukasa , Ishibashi Kohei , Noda Takashi , Miura Hiroyuki , Nishimura Kunihiro , Nakai Michikazu , Yamada Naoaki , Tsujita Kenichi , Anzai Toshihisa , Kusano Kengo , Ogawa Hisao , Yasuda Satoshi 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of QRS duration ≥120 ms (wide QRS duration [wQRS]) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a precise prognostic indicator for dilated cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results:

We investigated the association between the combination of LGE plus wQRS and the primary end point (all-cause death) and a composite of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or aborted SCD in 531 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We also analyzed the association between the combination of LGE and wQRS and these end points among patients with a class I indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. We divided study patients into 3 groups according to LGE status and QRS duration: 2 negative indices (LGE negative and narrow QRS), 1 positive index (LGE positive or wQRS), or 2 positive indices (LGE positive and wQRS), and followed them for 3.8 years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified 2 positive indices as a significant predictor of all-cause death (hazard ratio, 4.29 [1.19–15.47];
P
=0.026). Among 317 patients with a class I indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator, the 5-year event rate of SCD or aborted SCD was the lowest in the 2 negative indices group (1.4%). With propensity score–matching cohorts, the 2 negative indices group had a significantly lower event rate of SCD or aborted SCD than the other 2 groups (hazard ratio, 0.12 [0.01–0.97];
P
=0.046).

Conclusions:
The combination of LGE and wQRS provides additional prognostic stratification compared with LGE status alone and might improve the appropriate use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Cardiac Rotational Mechanics As a Predictor of Myocardial Recovery in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Chronic Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Bonios Michael J. , Koliopoulou Antigone , Wever-Pinzon Omar , Taleb Iosif , Stehlik Josef , Xu Weining , Wever-Pinzon James , Catino Anna , Kfoury Abdallah G. , Horne Benjamin D. , Nativi-Nicolau Jose , Adamopoulos Stamatis N. , Fang James C. , Selzman Craig H. , Bax Jeroen J. , Drakos Stavros G. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Impaired qualitative and quantitative left ventricular (LV) rotational mechanics predict cardiac remodeling progression and prognosis after myocardial infarction. We investigated whether cardiac rotational mechanics can predict cardiac recovery in chronic advanced cardiomyopathy patients.

Methods and Results:

Sixty-three patients with advanced and chronic dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing implantation of LV assist device (LVAD) were prospectively investigated using speckle tracking echocardiography. Acute heart failure patients were prospectively excluded. We evaluated LV rotational mechanics (apical and basal LV twist, LV torsion) and deformational mechanics (circumferential and longitudinal strain) before LVAD implantation. Cardiac recovery post-LVAD implantation was defined as (1) final resulting LV ejection fraction ≥40%, (2) relative LV ejection fraction increase ≥50%, (iii) relative LV end-systolic volume decrease ≥50% (all 3 required). Twelve patients fulfilled the criteria for cardiac recovery (Rec Group). The Rec Group had significantly less impaired pre-LVAD peak LV torsion compared with the Non-Rec Group. Notably, both groups had similarly reduced pre-LVAD LV ejection fraction. By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, pre-LVAD peak LV torsion of 0.35 degrees/cm had a 92% sensitivity and a 73% specificity in predicting cardiac recovery. Peak LV torsion before LVAD implantation was found to be an independent predictor of cardiac recovery after LVAD implantation (odds ratio, 0.65 per 0.1 degrees/cm [0.49–0.87];
P
=0.014).

Conclusions:
LV rotational mechanics seem to be useful in selecting patients prone to cardiac recovery after mechanical unloading induced by LVADs. Future studies should investigate the utility of these markers in predicting durable cardiac recovery after the explantation of the cardiac assist device.
Examining the Use of a Social Media Campaign to Increase Engagement for the American Heart Association 2017 Resuscitation Science Symposium
Authors: Leary Marion , McGovern Shaun , Dainty Katie N. , Doshi Ankur A. , Blewer Audrey L. , Kurz Michael C. , Rittenberger Jon C. , Hazinski Mary Fran , Reynolds Joshua C. 
Published: April 2018

Background

The Resuscitation Science Symposium (Re
SS
) is the dedicated international forum for resuscitation science at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions. In an attempt to increase curated content and social media presence during Re
SS
2017, the
Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA)
coordinated an inaugural social media campaign.

Methods and Results

Before Re
SS
, 8 resuscitation science professionals were recruited from a convenience sample of attendees at Re
SS
2017. Each blogger was assigned to either a morning or an afternoon session, responsible for “live tweeting” with the associated hashtags #Re
SS
17 and #
AHA
17. Twitter analytics from the 8 bloggers were collected from November 10 to 13, 2017. The primary outcome was Twitter impressions. Secondary outcomes included Twitter engagement and Twitter engagement rate. In total, 8 bloggers (63% male) generated 591 tweets that garnered 261 050 impressions, 8013 engagements, 928 retweets, 1653 likes, 292 hashtag clicks, and a median engagement rate of 2.4%. Total engagement, likes, and hashtag clicks were highest on day 2; total impressions were highest on day 3, and retweets were highest on day 4. Total impressions were highly correlated with the total number of tweets (
r
=0.87;
P
=0.005) and baseline number of Twitter followers for each blogger (
r
=0.78;
P
=0.02).

Conclusion

In this inaugural social media campaign for the 2017 American Heart Association Re
SS
, the degree of online engagement with this content by end users was quite good when evaluated by social media standards. Benchmarks for end‐user interactions in the scientific community are undefined and will require further study.
Presence of vestibular symptoms and related disability in migraine with and without aura and chronic migraine
Authors: Carvalho Gabriela F , Vianna-Bell Flávia Heck , Florencio Lidiane L , Pinheiro Carina F , Dach Fabiola , Bigal Marcelo E , Bevilaqua-Grossi Debora 
Published: April 2018

Objective To assess the presence and handicap due to vestibular symptoms in three subgroups of patients with migraine and controls. Methods Women between 18–55 years old were diagnosed by headache specialists and stratified as migraine with aura (n = 60), migraine without aura (n = 60), chronic migraine (n = 60) and controls (n = 60). Information regarding demographics, headache and vestibular symptoms were collected in this cross-sectional study. The self-perceived handicap related to vestibular symptoms was assessed through the Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire. Results A total of 85% of women with migraine with aura and chronic migraine had vestibular symptoms contrasted to 70% of the migraine without aura group ( p < 0.05), and 12% of the control group reported symptoms ( p < 0.0001). Patients with migraine exhibited greater Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores than controls ( p < 0.001); and migraine with aura and chronic migraine groups reached greater scores than migraine without aura ( p < 0.01). Presence of migraine is associated with a greater risk of vestibular symptoms (migraine without aura: 5.20, migraine with aura: 6.60, chronic migraine:6.20, p < 0.0003) and with a greater risk of moderate-to-severe handicap (migraine without aura: 20.0, migraine with aura: 40.0, chronic migraine: 40.0, p < 0.0003). The presence of aura and greater migraine frequency adds to the risk of any handicap (migraine with aura: 1.9, chronic migraine: 1.7, p < 0.04) and to the risk of moderate-to-severe handicap (migraine with aura: 2.0, chronic migraine: 2.0, p < 0.0003). Migraine aura, intensity and frequency predict 36% of the dizziness handicap. Conclusion The prevalence of vestibular symptoms is increased in migraine during and between headache attacks, particularly in migraine with aura and chronic migraine along with an increased handicap due to those symptoms. Vestibular symptoms among subgroups of migraine should be considered when evaluating the functional impact of migraine.
Encounters With Health-Care Providers and Advance Directive Completion by Older Adults
Authors: Koss Catheryn 
Published: April 2018

Background: The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) requires hospitals, home health agencies, nursing homes, and hospice providers to offer new patients information about advance directives. There is little evidence regarding whether encounters with these health-care providers prompt advance directive completion by patients. Objective: To examine whether encounters with various types of health-care providers were associated with higher odds of completing advance directives by older patients. Method: Logistic regression using longitudinal data from the 2012 and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Participants were 3752 US adults aged 65 and older who reported not possessing advance directives in 2012. Advance directive was defined as a living will and/or durable power of attorney for health care. Four binary variables measured whether participants had spent at least 1 night in a hospital, underwent outpatient surgery, received home health or hospice care, or spent at least one night in a nursing home between 2012 and 2014. Results: Older adults who received hospital, nursing home, or home health/hospice care were more likely to complete advance directives. Outpatient surgery was not associated with advance directive completion. Conclusions: Older adults with no advance directive in 2012 who encountered health-care providers covered by the PSDA were more likely to have advance directives by 2014. The exception was outpatient surgery which is frequently provided in freestanding surgery centers not subject to PSDA mandates. It may be time to consider amending the PSDA to cover freestanding surgery centers.
Multiplier–Accelerator Interaction in the Presence of an Underground Economy and Taxation
Authors: Soldatos Gerasimos T. 
Published: April 2018

This article introduces the underground economy into a standard multiplier-accelerator model with linear progressive income taxation. The main results are that this introduction increases the instability of the overall economy towards chaos, that tax policy plays a critical role in preserving stability even if in the sense of a uniform cycle and that the operation of the accelerator may be countering the negative effect of tax evasion on tax revenue. JEL Classification: O17, E32, H24
Effects of Game Pitch Count and Body Mass Index on Pitching Biomechanics in 9- to 10-Year-Old Baseball Athletes
Authors: Darke Jim D. , Dandekar Eshan M. , Aguinaldo Arnel L. , Hazelwood Scott J. , Klisch Stephen M. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Pitching while fatigued and body composition may increase the injury risk in youth and adult pitchers. However, the relationships between game pitch count, biomechanics, and body composition have not been reported for a study group restricted to 9- to 10-year-old athletes. Hypothesis: During a simulated game with 9- to 10-year-old athletes, (1) participants will experience biomechanical signs of fatigue, and (2) shoulder and elbow kinetics will correlate with body mass index (BMI). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirteen 9- to 10-year-old youth baseball players pitched a simulated game (75 pitches). Range of motion and muscular output tests were conducted before and after the simulated game to quantify fatigue. Kinematic parameters at foot contact, maximum external rotation, and maximum internal rotation velocity (MIRV), as well as maximum shoulder and elbow kinetics between foot contact and MIRV were compared at pitches 1-5, 34-38, and 71-75. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to test the first hypothesis, and linear regressions were used to test the second hypothesis. Results: MIRV increased from pitches 1-5 to 71-75 ( P = .007), and head flexion at MIRV decreased from pitches 1-5 to 34-38 ( P = .022). Maximum shoulder horizontal adduction, external rotation, and internal rotation torques increased from pitches 34-38 to 71-75 ( P = .031, .023, and .021, respectively). Shoulder compression force increased from pitches 1-5 to 71-75 ( P = .011). Correlations of joint torque/force with BMI were found at every pitch period: for example, shoulder internal rotation ( R2 = 0.93, P < .001) and elbow varus ( R2 = 0.57, P = .003) torques at pitches 1-5. Conclusion: Several results differed from those of previous studies with adult pitchers: (1) pitch speed remained steady, (2) shoulder MIRV increased, and (3) shoulder kinetics increased during a simulated game. The strong correlations between joint kinetics and BMI reinforce previous findings that select body composition measures may be correlated with pitching arm joint kinetics for youth baseball pitchers. Clinical Relevance: The results improve our understanding of pitching biomechanics for 9- to 10-year-old baseball pitchers and may be used in future studies to improve evidence-based injury prevention guidelines.
Selection of morphological features of pollen grains for chosen tree taxa
Authors: Kubik-Komar Agnieszka , Kubera Elżbieta , Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna 
Published: April 2018

The basis of aerobiological studies is to monitor airborne pollen concentrations and pollen season timing. This task is performed by appropriately trained staff and is difficult and time consuming.
The goal of this research is to select morphological characteristics of grains that are the most discriminative for distinguishing between birch, hazel and alder taxa and are easy to determine automatically from microscope images. This selection is based on the split attributes of the J4.8 classification trees built for different subsets of features. Determining the discriminative features by this method, we provide specific rules for distinguishing between individual taxa, at the same time obtaining a high percentage of correct classification.
The most discriminative among the 13 morphological characteristics studied are the following: number of pores, maximum axis, minimum axis, axes difference, maximum oncus width, number of lateral pores. The classification result of the tree based on this subset is better than the one built on the whole feature set and it is almost 94%. Therefore, selection of attributes before tree building is recommended.
The classification results for the features easiest to obtain from the image, i.e. maximum axis, minimum axis, axes difference, and number of lateral pores, are only 2.09 pp lower than those obtained for the complete set, but 3.23 pp lower than the results obtained for the selected most discriminating attributes only .
Landscape, season and identity in Ghost Story for Christmas
Authors: Johnston Derek 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The BBC Ghost Story for Christmas (1971–78, 2005–06, 2015) used the English landscape in which it was set to engage with a series of associations of national identity and to enhance the feeling of isolation experienced by the protagonists. This was further enhanced by the representation of the seasons within these productions, which typically emphasized an autumnal landscape. This suggested a liminal period, neither summer nor winter, and one that presented environments of rustling vegetation and trees through which supernatural figures may be glimpsed or heard approaching. While Ghost Story for Christmas is by no means alone in using these environments and associations, the importance of their presentation of landscape to their identity has been recognized by reviewers, with the presentation itself emphasizing the narratives’ disruption of any sense of naturalness and certainty to narratives of human, English history and thus identity.