bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for falls among older community dwellers in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Zhou Haibin , Peng Ke , Tiedemann Anne , Peng Ji , Sherrington Catherine 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the rate of falls reported by older community dwellers in Shenzhen, China and to identify fall-related risk factors.MethodParticipants were community dwellers residing in Shenzhen, China, who were aged 60 years and over and were recruited using multistage random sampling. All participants were surveyed about demographic and health-related information, mood, vision and hearing impairment, self-rated health and retrospective falls, and a test of balance was administered. Univariate and multivariate negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with a greater number of falls.ResultStudy participants were 1290 people aged 60–98 years (mean 68.2 years, SD ±6.5). One hundred and seventy-seven falls were reported. One hundred and eleven (8.6%) participants reported one fall in the past year, 17 (1.3%) participants reported two falls and 10 (0.8%) participants reported three or more falls. Univariate analysis showed that age, living alone, presence of a medical condition, medication usage, visual impairment, poor subjective body sense perception, low mood, poor self-rated health and poor balance were associated with a greater number of falls in the past year. Multivariate analysis identified presence of a medical condition (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.40, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.67), living alone (IRR=2.46, 95% CI 1.12 to 5.41), visual impairment (IRR=1.46, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.08), walking aid use (IRR=2.29, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.69) and impaired balance (IRR=1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.10) to be significantly associated with a greater number of falls in the past year.ConclusionMore falls occurred in older Chinese people with presence of a medical condition, living alone, visual impairment, used a walking aid and impaired balance.
Association of hand and arm disinfection with asthma control in US nurses
Authors: Dumas Orianne , Varraso Raphäelle , Boggs Krislyn M , Descatha Alexis , Henneberger Paul K , Quinot Catherine , Speizer Frank E , Zock Jan-Paul , Le Moual Nicole , Camargo Jr Carlos A 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between occupational exposure to disinfectants/antiseptics used for hand hygiene and asthma control in nurses.MethodsIn 2014, we invited female nurses with asthma drawn from the Nurses’ Health Study II to complete two supplemental questionnaires on their occupation and asthma (cross-sectional study, response rate: 80%). Among 4055 nurses (mean age: 59 years) with physician-diagnosed asthma and asthma medication use in the past year, we examined asthma control, as defined by the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Nurses were asked about the daily frequency of hand hygiene tasks: ‘wash/scrub hands with disinfectants/hand sanitizers’ (hand hygiene) and ‘wash/scrub arms with disinfecting products’ (surrogate of surgical hand/arm antisepsis). Analyses were adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, smoking status and body mass index.ResultsNurses with partly controlled asthma (ACT: 20–24, 50%) and poorly controlled asthma (ACT ≤19, 18%) were compared with nurses with controlled asthma (ACT=25, 32%). In separate models, both hand and arm hygiene were associated with poorly controlled asthma. After mutual adjustment, only arm hygiene was associated with poorly controlled asthma: OR (95% CI) for <1 time/day, 1.38 (1.06 to 1.80); ≥1 time/day, 1.96 (1.52 to 2.51), versus never. We observed a consistent dose–response relationship between frequency of arm hygiene tasks (never to >10 times/day) and poor asthma control. Associations persisted after further adjustment for surfaces/instruments disinfection tasks.ConclusionsFrequency of hand/arm hygiene tasks in nurses was associated with poor asthma control. The results suggest an adverse effect of products used for surgical hand/arm antisepsis. This potential new occupational risk factor for asthma warrants further study.
Futility and appropriateness: challenging words, important concepts
Authors: Taylor D Robin , Lightbody Calvin J 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe provision of healthcare is being challenged by a ‘perfect storm’ of forces including an increasing population with multiple comorbidities, high expectations and resource limitations, and in the background, the pre-eminence of the ‘curative medical model’. Non-beneficial (futile) treatments are wasteful and costly. They have a negative impact on quality of life especially in the last year of life. Among professionals, frequent encounters with futility cause moral distress and demoralisation. The factors that drive non-beneficial treatments include personal biases, patient-related pressures and institutional imperatives. Breaking loose from the perceived necessity to deliver non-beneficial treatment is a major challenge. Curative intent should give way to appropriateness such that curative and palliative interventions are valued equally. Goals of treatment should be shaped by illness trajectory, the risk of harms as well as potential benefits and patient preferences. This strategy should be reflected in professional training and the design of acute services.
Stability of ARDS subphenotypes over time in two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Delucchi Kevin , Famous Katie R , Ware Lorraine B , Parsons Polly E , Thompson B Taylor , Calfee Carolyn S 
Published: February 2018

RationaleTwo distinct acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subphenotypes have been identified using data obtained at time of enrolment in clinical trials; it remains unknown if these subphenotypes are durable over time.ObjectiveTo determine the stability of ARDS subphenotypes over time.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials in ARDS, the ARMA trial of lung protective ventilation (n=473; patients randomised to low tidal volumes only) and the ALVEOLI trial of low versus high positive end-expiratory pressure (n=549). Latent class analysis (LCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were applied to data from day 0 and day 3, independent of clinical outcomes.Measurements and main resultsIn ALVEOLI, LCA indicated strong evidence of two ARDS latent classes at days 0 and 3; in ARMA, evidence of two classes was stronger at day 0 than at day 3. The clinical and biological features of these two classes were similar to those in our prior work and were largely stable over time, though class 2 demonstrated evidence of progressive organ failures by day 3, compared with class 1. In both LCA and LTA models, the majority of patients (>94%) stayed in the same class from day 0 to day 3. Clinical outcomes were statistically significantly worse in class 2 than class 1 and were more strongly associated with day 3 class assignment.ConclusionsARDS subphenotypes are largely stable over the first 3 days of enrolment in two ARDS Network trials, suggesting that subphenotype identification may be feasible in the context of clinical trials.
Neonatal Hormone Concentrations and Risk of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (TGCT)
Authors: Morimoto Libby M. , Zava David , McGlynn Katherine A. , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Kang Alice Y. , Ma Xiaomei , Wiemels Joseph L. , Metayer Catherine 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background: Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) incidence has increased over the last 40 years in the United States. In contrast to TGCT among infants, it is hypothesized that TGCT in adolescents and young men is the result of sex steroid hormone imbalance during early fetal development. However, little is known about the neonatal period when abrupt hormonal changes occur, and direct supporting evidence is scarce due to the difficulties in obtaining prediagnostic specimens.
Methods: We conducted a population-based case–control study examining hormone levels at birth among 91 infants (0–4 years) and 276 adolescents (15–19 years) diagnosed with TGCT, and 344 matched controls. Estrogen and androgen levels were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) from archived newborn dried blood spots. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between each hormone level and TGCT risk.
Results: Higher levels of androstenedione were associated with increased TGCT risk among adolescents [odds ratio (OR): 2.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37–3.97 for highest vs. lowest quartile; P trend = 0.003] but not among infants (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.28–1.77). A similar pattern was observed for testosterone (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.00–3.00,) although the trend was not significant (P trend = 0.12). Associations were stronger among non-Hispanic white subjects, relative to Hispanics. There was no difference by tumor histologic subtype. Estriol (the only detectable estrogen) was not associated with TGCT risk in either age group.
Conclusions: Higher levels of neonatal androgens were associated with increased risk of TGCT among adolescents, suggesting that early life hormone levels are related to the later development of TGCT.
Impact: This is the first study with direct measures of sex steroid hormones to examine the relationship between estrogens and androgens at birth and risk of adolescent TGCT. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 488–95. ©2018 AACR.
Physical Activity and Pancreatic Cancer Risk among Urban Chinese: Results from Two Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Wu Lang , Zheng Wei , Xiang Yong-Bing , Gao Yu-Tang , Li Hong-Lan , Cai Hui , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground: Associations between physical activity and pancreatic cancer risk are unclear.Methods: In two prospective cohort studies, the Shanghai Women's Health Study and Shanghai Men's Health Study, physical activity and other information were collected at the baseline interview of 72,451 women and 60,037 men. Participants were followed up through annual linkage with a cancer registry in combination with in-person interviews taking place every 2 to 4 years.Results: We identified 225 female and 159 male cases during a median follow up of 16.1 and 10.3 years, respectively. Adult exercise participation was significantly associated with a decreased pancreatic cancer risk in men [hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71 (0.50–1.00)]. Meeting the recommended minimum exercise threshold to achieve health benefits of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity exercise was associated with further decreased pancreatic cancer risk [HR (95% CI): 0.59 (0.40–0.87)]. We also observed an inverse association between adolescent physical activity and pancreatic cancer risk in men [HR (95% CI): 0.54 (0.33–0.90)]. Exercise throughout one's lifetime was associated with a 68% decrease in pancreatic cancer risk [HR (95% CI): 0.32 (0.16–0.66)]. No significant association was found in women. Adult non-exercise daily activity and occupational activity were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk in either men or women.Conclusions: Adult exercise and adolescent physical activity were significantly associated with a decreased pancreatic cancer risk in men but not in women.Impact: These findings underscore the importance of investigating the possible modification by sex on the exercise and pancreatic cancer risk association. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 479–87. ©2018 AACR.
Targeting Epigenetics to Prevent Obesity Promoted Cancers
Authors: Berger Nathan A. , Scacheri Peter C. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Epigenetic changes in DNA and associated chromatin proteins are increasingly being considered as important mediators of the linkage between obesity and cancer. Although multiple agents, targeted at epigenetic changes, are being tested for therapy of established cancers, this issue of Cancer Prevention Research carries two articles demonstrating that the bromodomain inhibitor I-BET-762 can attenuate adipose tissue–promoted cancers. Although I-BET-762 significantly delayed, rather than completely prevented, the onset of adiposity-promoted transformation and malignancy, these experiments provide important proof of principle for the strategies of targeting epigenetic changes to disrupt the obesity–cancer linkage. Because bromodomain proteins represent only one of multiple epigenetic mediators, it is probable that targeting other epigenetic processes, alone or in combination, may serve to even more effectively disrupt the obesity promotion of cancer. Given the magnitude of the current obesity pandemic and its impact on cancer, preventive measures to disrupt this linkage are critically important. Cancer Prev Res; 11(3); 125–8. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Chakraborty et al., p. 129
Identification of Tumoricidal TCRs from Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Single-Cell Analysis
Authors: Shitaoka Kiyomi , Hamana Hiroshi , Kishi Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Eiji , Sukegawa Kenta , Piao Xiuhong , Lyu Fulian , Nagata Takuya , Sugiyama Daisuke , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Tanemura Atsushi , Katayama Ichiro , Murahashi Mutsunori , Takamatsu Yasushi , Tani Kenzaburo , Ozawa Tatsuhiko , Muraguchi Atsushi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractT-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy is a promising next-generation antitumor treatment. We previously developed a single–T-cell analysis protocol that allows the rapid capture of paired TCRα and β cDNAs. Here, we applied the protocol to analyze the TCR repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of various cancer patients. We found clonally expanded populations of T cells that expressed the same clonotypic TCR in 50% to 70% of CD137+CD8+ TILs, indicating that they responded to certain antigens in the tumor environment. To assess the tumor reactivity of the TCRs derived from those clonally expanded TILs in detail, we then analyzed the CD137+CD8+ TILs from the tumor of B16F10 melanoma cells in six C57BL/6 mice and analyzed their TCR repertoire. We also found clonally expanded T cells in 60% to 90% of CD137+CD8+ TILs. When the tumor reactivity of dominant clonotypic TCRs in each mouse was analyzed, 9 of 13 TCRs induced the secretion of IFNγ in response to, and showed killing of, B16F10 cells in vitro, and 2 of them showed strong antitumor activity in vivo. Concerning their antigen specificity, 7 of them reacted to p15E peptide of endogenous murine leukemia virus-derived envelope glycoprotein 70, and the rest reacted to tumor-associated antigens expressed on EL4 lymphoma as well as B16 melanoma cells. These results show that our strategy enables us to simply and rapidly obtain the tumor-specific TCR repertoire with high fidelity in an antigen- and MHC haplotype–independent manner from primary TILs. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 378–88. ©2018 AACR.
Non-seasonal reproduction in inseminating species of Mimagoniates (Characidae, Characiformes) from southern Brazil
Authors: Lampert Vinicius Renner , Azevedo Marco Aurélio 
Published: February 2018

Some aspects of reproduction in two species of Mimagoniates, M. microlepis (Steindachner 1877) and M. rheocharis Menezes & Weitzman 1990 are herein described. Samples were taken monthly from January 1998 to February 1999 in two streams in the locality of Maquiné, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Results from the analysis of hundreds of specimens of M. microlepis and M. rheocharis in two investigated sites indicated mature specimens and peaks of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) along the year. There was a negative and significant correlation between M. microlepis male’s GSI and water temperature. Females of the latter species and both sexes of M. rheocharis, in turn, showed no correlation with any of the tested parameters (relative stomach weight, day length, rainfall). Absolute and relative fecundity are lower than in externally fertilized species of Characidae. Maximum oocyte length was 1.14 mm for M. microlepis and 1.02 mm for M. rheocharis and both species were characterized as total spawners based on the type of oocyte development estimated through oocyte size analysis. Features like non-seasonal reproductive period, low fecundity, and insemination may indicate adaptive advantages, which may enhance the chance of survival even with low energetic investment and improved fertilization.
Influence of parasitoid Paravilla sp. (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on the development of larvae of Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Návas, 1914) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)
Authors: Nonato Lucimara Modesto , Graciolli Gustavo , Lima Tatiane Do Nascimento 
Published: February 2018

Parasitoids manipulate the host metabolism for their own benefit by influencing its development and the direct or indirect result of it is the host death. This study aimed to observe the influence of parasitoidism of Paravilla sp. (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on the development of antlion larvae Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Návas, 1914) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). The specific objectives were to verify in which larval instars the parasitoid oviposition occurs, the influence of the parasitoid on the larval and pupal development time of M. brasiliensis, the differences in body length of the antlion larvae, as well as of the sex ratio of M. brasiliensis adults. For this, the larvae were differentiated in 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar and measures on body length (head-abdomen) and accompanied until the emergence of the adult. It was observed that the parasitoid Paravilla sp. attacked only the 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. The parasitoid Paravilla sp. oviposited only in 2nd and 3rd instars larvae. No significant differences were observed on larval development time, in the larval body length and in the adult sex ratio between groups of parasitized and non-parasitized M. brasiliensis larvae, however, was observed differences in the pupal development time of these two groups. Thus, we can conclude that the parasitoid Paravilla sp. influences the development time of M. brasiliensis pupal.
Amendment of the status of Pontella sewelli Heinrich, 1987 as a junior synonym of P. sinica Chen & Zhang, 1965, with confirmation of female-male matching by genetic analysis (Copepoda, Calanoida)
Authors: Francis Sanu V. , Nishida Shuhei 
Published: February 2018

Specimens of Pontella sinica Chen & Zhang, 1965, that were collected for the first time from the eastern Indian Ocean, are described, and a revised synonymy of the species is presented, including an amendment of P. sewelli Heinrich, 1987 as a junior synonym of P. sinica. The present specimens agree with most of the previous descriptions except for the frontal, rostral, and/or ventral eye lenses, which have been described as present in some previous studies, but proved to be all absent in the present examination. In addition, an analysis applying mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mt COI) as a genetic marker confirmed matching of the female and male that were morphologically described by previous workers.
Changes in Hurricanes from a 13-Yr Convection-Permitting Pseudo–Global Warming Simulation
Authors: Gutmann Ethan D. , Rasmussen Roy M. , Liu Changhai , Ikeda Kyoko , Bruyere Cindy L. , Done James M. , Garrè Luca , Friis-Hansen Peter , Veldore Vidyunmala 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Tropical cyclones have enormous costs to society through both loss of life and damage to infrastructure. There is good reason to believe that such storms will change in the future as a result of changes in the global climate system and that such changes may have important socioeconomic implications. Here a high-resolution regional climate modeling experiment is presented using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate possible changes in tropical cyclones. These simulations were performed for the period 2001–13 using the ERA-Interim product for the boundary conditions, thus enabling a direct comparison between modeled and observed cyclone characteristics. The WRF simulation reproduced 30 of the 32 named storms that entered the model domain during this period. The model simulates the tropical cyclone tracks, storm radii, and translation speeds well, but the maximum wind speeds simulated were less than observed and the minimum central pressures were too large. This experiment is then repeated after imposing a future climate signal by adding changes in temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind speeds derived from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In the current climate, 22 tracks were well simulated with little changes in future track locations. These simulations produced tropical cyclones with faster maximum winds, slower storm translation speeds, lower central pressures, and higher precipitation rates. Importantly, while these signals were statistically significant averaged across all 22 storms studied, changes varied substantially between individual storms. This illustrates the importance of using a large ensemble of storms to understand mean changes.
Southeast Greenland Winter Precipitation Strongly Linked to the Icelandic Low Position
Authors: Berdahl Mira , Rennermalm Asa , Hammann Arno , Mioduszweski John , Hameed Sultan , Tedesco Marco , Stroeve Julienne , Mote Thomas , Koyama Tomoko , McConnell Joseph R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Greenland’s largest precipitation flux occurs in its southeast (SE) region during the winter, controlled primarily by easterly winds and frequent cyclogenesis in the North Atlantic. Several studies have attempted to link SE Greenland precipitation to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) but results are inconsistent. This work uses reanalysis, automatic weather station data, and regional climate model output to show that the east–west position of the Icelandic low is a better predictor of SE Greenland precipitation (average correlation of r = −0.48 in DJF) than climate indices such as the NAO (r = −0.06 in DJF). In years when the Icelandic low is positioned extremely west, moisture transport increases up to ~40% (or up to 40 kg m−1 s−1) off the SE Greenland coast compared to when the low is in an extreme east position. Furthermore, in years when the Icelandic low is positioned extremely west, storm track density and intensity increase just off the SE coast of Greenland. Thus, the Icelandic low’s longitudinal position dominates SE Greenland ice sheet’s wintertime precipitation, a positive term in the ice sheet mass balance. Given SE Greenland’s importance in the overall ice sheet mass balance, the position of the Icelandic low is therefore important for making projections of future sea level.
Content validation of the Patient-Reported Hamilton Inventory for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Packham Tara L. , MacDermid Joy C. , Michlovitz Susan L. , Buckley Norman 
Published: February 2018

Background. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a perplexing neurological condition, and persons with CRPS experience substantial loss of daily roles and activities. A condition-specific measure is being developed to evaluate CRPS. Purpose. We describe the use of cognitive interviews to examine content validity of this patient-reported outcome measure for CRPS. Method. Interviews with 44 persons with CRPS were analyzed to identify problems with wording and support content validation. Item-total correlations were calculated for proposed subscales, and scores were plotted to consider floor/ceiling effects. Findings. Interviews identified questions where respondents considered factors unrelated to the construct of interest or were underaddressed by the questionnaire, including depression and skin temperature. The symptoms, daily function, and coping/social impact scales demonstrated satisfactory correlations (Cronbach’s alpha 0.76–0.86). Despite a sampling bias of severity, no frank floor/ceiling effects were noted. Implications. This study builds a foundation for continuing development and evaluation of the measurement properties of the Patient-Reported Hamilton Inventory for CRPS. It makes explicit the iterative decisions involved in rigorous instrument development.