bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Cases of Inherited Triple Deficiency in a Large Kindred with Thrombotic Diathesis and Deficiencies of Antithrombin III, Heparin Cofactor II, Protein C and Protein S
Authors: Jobin F , Vu L , Lessard M 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThirty-three subjects, belonging to a large family with functional antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency (type IIa) and recurrent thromboembolism, were investigated for ATIII, heparin cofactor II (HCII), protein C (PC) and protein S (PS). We report the exceptional finding of two cases of triple deficiency: ATIII combined with HCII and PC in the first case aged 15 and ATIII combined with HCII and PS in the second case aged 27. Interestingly, both are asymptomatic thus far. Twenty-five other deficient members were found, among which seven are affected with a double deficiency. Totally, the results of our study show 38 deficiencies of four distinct antithrombotic protein: ATIII (n = 9), HCII (n = 9), PC (n = 7) or PS (n = 13). Two types of HCII deficiency were observed and type I PC deficiency was found. Functional PS deficiency was characterized by reduced levels of cofactor activity for activated PC. Our report demonstrates that combined deficiencies should be sought in a family already known to be deficient in one antithrombotic protein.
Prediction of Vitamin K Response Using the Echis Time and Echis-Prothrombin Time Ratio
Authors: Solano C , Cobcroft R G , Scott D C 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Echis carinatus venom contains proteases capable of activating both normal and descarboxy prothrombin. We showed this venom (Sigma) principally activates prothrombin with almost no factor X activation. Echis time in combination with prothrombin time can predict vitamin K responsiveness since the Echis time is usually normal in the presence of descarboxy prothrombin associated with vitamin K deficiency.38 patients with abnormal routine prothrombin times (PT) had both coagulant and immunogenic factor II assays along with Echis times done before and after vitamin K. Of 22 patients responding to vitamin K, based on correction of PT, 21 had normal initial Echis times and of 16 not responding, 11 had abnormal Echis times, giving a sensitivity of 95.4% and specificity of 68.8% for vitamin K responsiveness. 90% of patients with a PT/Echis time ratio <1.3 and a prolonged Echis time did not correct their PTs with vitamin K therapy.The 5 non-responders with normal Echis times all showed normal initial coagulant and antigenic prothrombin, but 3 had low F V and/or F VII.
Increased Heparin Cofactor II Levels in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Toulon P , Bardin J M , Blumenfeld N M 
Published: September 2018

SummaryHeparin cofactor II (HCII) is a thrombin inhibitor present in human plasma whose activity is enhanced by heparin. HCII exhibits important homologies with antithrombin III, the main heparin-enhanced thrombin inhibitor. Cases of recurrent thromboembolism have been recently reported in patients with HCII deficiency. Since the use of oral contraceptives (OC) is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, the study of the plasma levels of HCII was undertaken in women taking contraceptive pills. Plasma HCII levels were found significantly higher in 62 women taking low-estrogen content OC (1.20 ± 0.28 U/ml) than in 62 age matched women not taking OC (0.94 ± 0.16 U/ml) or in 62 men (0.96 ± 0.19 U/ml). Significant correlations between HCII and fibrinogen levels were reported in the three groups. From the pooled data of the two control groups (men and women not taking OC), the normal range for plasma HCII levels was defined to be between 0.60 and 1.30 U/ml (mean ± 2 SD). Two cases of low HCII levels (<0.60 U/ml) were found in the control groups, but none in the group of women taking OC. It is concluded that the use of oral contraceptives is associated with a rise in HCII levels and that the screening for HCII deficiency has to be performed at distance of any OC therapy.
Fibrin Specific Thrombolysis by Two-Chain Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Cleaved after Arginine 156 by Thrombin
Authors: Abercrombie David M , Buchinski Bruce , Salvato Kathleen A , Vovis Gerald F , Stump David C , Broeze Robert J 
Published: September 2018

SummaryScu-PA was cleaved by thrombin after arginine-156 to yield a two-chain molecule with low amidolytic activity and resistance to cleavage by plasmin. 125I-fibrin-labeled clots were dissolved in vitro by thrombin-cut scu-PA, but only at concentrations 10- to 50-fold greater than that needed for scu-PA. Three hours of incubation produced 100, 80, and 31% lysis with 100, 50, and 25 pg/ml thrombin-cut scu-PA. Thrombin-cut scu-PA, scu-PA, and tcu-PA yielded linear dose responses in the rabbit jugular venous thrombosis model. The dose required to reach 40% lysis was 2 mg/kg for scu-PA, 3 mg/kg for tcu-PA, and 4 mg/kg for thrombin-cut scu-PA. No significant consumption of fibrinogen or alpha2-antiplasmin levels was observed with thrombin-cut scu-PA while the level of fibrinogen and alpha2-antiplasmin decreased to about 50 and 40%, respectively, with scu-PA and to less than 10% of baseline with tcu-PA. Thus, while less potent than scu-PA, thrombin-cut scu-PA appears to be a more fibrin-specific thrombolytic agent than scu-PA.
lncrease of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Limbs During Venous Occlusion : A Simple Haemodynamic Model
Authors: Keber D , Blinc A , Fettich J 
Published: September 2018

SummaryVenous occlusion of a limb is an established procedure for increasing the venous plasma concentration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). In this paper a simple haemodynamic model was developed to describe the venous plasma t-PA concentration as a function of haemodynamic parameters and the local release rate of t-PA during venous occlusion of the limb. The venous plasma pool of a limb was regarded as a single well-mixed compartment with a constant input rate of t-PA. The intravascular volume, blood flow and total limb volume of the upper extremity were also measured in three healthy subjects in order to characterise the haemodynamics during venous occlusion. Venous occlusion was shown to cause such an intense decrease of blood flow through the limb that the postocclusion increase in concentration of t-PA need not be explained by an increased release rate of t-PA but could be attributed merely to the diminished dilution of the venous compartment by inflowing arterial plasma. According to our model and haemodynamic measurements, the significant differences in the postocclusion concentration of t-PA between the arrn and leg can be explained by different local release rates of t-PA.
Psychopharmacology curriculum for psychiatric residents
Authors: Baumann P. , Möller H.-J. , Laux G. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: Postgraduate teaching of psychiatric residents in the important field of psychopharmacology and pharmacotherapy is insufficient regarding number of hours of theoretical teaching and practical training, content and structure and varies widely. Education based on controlled trials (evidence-based) may interfere with daily life real world experience and questions of doctors. Method: Data available from national psychiatric societies and from the literature are presented as well as a recently proposed German curriculum and learning catalogue. The latter includes general pharmacology including pharmacokinetics, neurobiological principles, clinical pharmacology of different classes of psychotropics (antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, hypnotics, stimulants etc.), special aspects (e.g. pregnancy, geriatric patients) as well as ethical, legal and economic aspects. About 160 hours of theoretical education are proposed, clinical teaching should be interactive, with vignettes and supervision covering about 300 hours. There is a need for standardization of psychopharmacology-pharmacopsychiatry teaching at the European level.
Social learning and partisan bias in the interpretation of climate trends
Authors: Guilbeault Douglas , Becker Joshua , Centola Damon 
Published: September 2018

SignificanceScientific communications about climate change are frequently misinterpreted due to motivated reasoning, which leads some people to misconstrue climate data in ways that conflict with the intended message of climate scientists. Attempts to reduce partisan bias through bipartisan communication networks have found that exposure to diverse political views can exacerbate bias. Here, we find that belief exchange in structured bipartisan networks can significantly improve the ability of both conservatives and liberals to interpret climate data, eliminating belief polarization. We also find that social learning can be reduced, and polarization maintained, when the salience of partisanship is increased, either through exposure to the logos of political parties or through exposure to political identity markers.
Acute, local infusion of angiotensin II impairs microvascular and metabolic insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle
Authors: Premilovac Dino , Attrill Emily , Rattigan Stephen , Richards Stephen M , Kim Jeonga , Keske Michelle A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Aims
Angiotensin II (AngII) is a potent vasoconstrictor implicated in both hypertension and insulin resistance. Insulin dilates the vasculature in skeletal muscle to increase microvascular blood flow and enhance glucose disposal. In the present study, we investigated whether acute AngII infusion interferes with insulin’s microvascular and metabolic actions in skeletal muscle.

Methods and results
Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats received a systemic infusion of either saline, AngII, insulin (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp), or insulin (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) plus AngII. A final, separate group of rats received an acute local infusion of AngII into a single hindleg during systemic insulin (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) infusion. In all animals’ systemic metabolic effects, central haemodynamics, femoral artery blood flow, microvascular blood flow, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake (isotopic glucose) were monitored. Systemic AngII infusion increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and markedly increased circulating glucose and insulin concentrations. Systemic infusion of AngII during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp inhibited insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose output and insulin-stimulated microvascular blood flow in skeletal muscle but did not alter insulin’s effects on the femoral artery or muscle glucose uptake. Local AngII infusion did not alter blood pressure, heart rate, or circulating glucose and insulin. However, local AngII inhibited insulin-stimulated microvascular blood flow, and this was accompanied by reduced skeletal muscle glucose uptake.

Conclusions
Acute infusion of AngII significantly alters basal haemodynamic and metabolic homeostasis in rats. Both local and systemic AngII infusion attenuated insulin’s microvascular actions in skeletal muscle, but only local AngII infusion led to reduced insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. While increased local, tissue production of AngII may be a factor that couples microvascular insulin resistance and hypertension, additional studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible for these vascular defects.
Impact of strategic planning, organizational culture imprint and care bundles to reduce adverse events in the ICU
Authors: Álvarez-Maldonado Pablo , Reding-Bernal Arturo , Hernández-Solís Alejandro , Cicero-Sabido Raúl 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the occurrence of adverse events during a multifaceted program implementation.

Design
Cross-sectional secondary analysis.

Setting
The respiratory-ICU of a large tertiary care center.

Participants
Retrospectively collected data of patients admitted from 1 March 2010 to 28 February 2014 (usual care period) and from 1 March 2014 to 1 March 2017 (multifaceted program period) were used.

Interventions
The program integrated three components: (1) strategic planning and organizational culture imprint; (2) training and practice and (3) implementation of care bundles. Strategic planning redefined the respiratory-ICU Mission and Vision, its SWOT matrix (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) as well as its medium to long-term aims and planned actions. A ‘Wear the Institution's T-shirt’ monthly conference was given in order to foster organizational culture in healthcare personnel. Training was conducted on hand hygiene and projects ‘Pneumonia Zero’ and ‘Bacteremia Zero’. Finally, actions of both projects were implemented.

Main outcome measures
Rates of adverse events (episodes per 1000 patient/days).

Results
Out of 1662 patients (usual care, n = 981; multifaceted program, n = 681) there was a statistically significant reduction during the multifaceted program in episodes of accidental extubation ([Rate ratio, 95% CI] 0.31, 0.17–0.55), pneumothorax (0.48, 0.26–0.87), change of endotracheal tube (0.17, 0.07–0.44), atelectasis (0.37, 0.20–0.68) and death in the ICU (0.82, 0.69–0.97).

Conclusions
A multifaceted program including strategic planning, organizational culture imprint and care protocols was associated with a significant reduction of adverse events in the respiratory-ICU.
The distribution and physical properties of high-redshift [O iii] emitters in a cosmological hydrodynamics simulation
Authors: Moriwaki Kana , Yoshida Naoki , Shimizu Ikkoh , Harikane Yuichi , Matsuda Yuichi , Matsuo Hiroshi , Hashimoto Takuya , Inoue Akio K , Tamura Yoichi , Nagao Tohru 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Recent observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) detected far-infrared emission lines such as the [O iii] $88\,\mu \mathrm{ m}$ line from galaxies at z ∼ 7−9. We use a cosmological simulation of galaxy formation to study the physical properties of [O iii] $88\,\mu \mathrm{ m}$ emitters. In a comoving volume of 50 h−1 Mpc on a side, we locate 34 galaxies with stellar masses greater than $10^8\ \rm M_{\odot }$ at z = 9, and more than 270 such galaxies at z = 7. We calculate the [O iii] $88\,\mu \mathrm{ m}$ luminosities ($L_{{\rm O\,{{\rm {\small{III}}}, 88}}}$) by combining a physical model of H ii regions with emission line calculations using the photoionization code cloudy. We show that the resulting $L_{{\rm O\,{{\rm {\small{III}}}, 88}}}$, for a given star formation rate, is slightly higher than predicted from the empirical relation for local galaxies, and is consistent with recent observations of galaxies at redshifts 7–9. Bright [O iii] emitters with $L_{{\rm O\,{{\rm {\small{III}}}, 88}}}\gt 10^8\, \rm L_{\odot }$ have star formation rates higher than $3\,\rm M_{\odot }\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$, and the typical metallicity is ${\sim } 0.1\, \rm Z_{\odot }$. The galaxies are hosted by dark matter haloes with masses greater than $10^{11}\, \rm M_{\odot }$. We propose to use the [O iii] 5007 Å line, to be detected by James Webb Space Telescope, to study the properties of galaxies whose [O iii] $88\,\mu \mathrm{ m}$ line emission has been already detected with ALMA.
Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: Return to Hospital System in the First Year Post Injury
Authors: Fraser Brittany D , Lingo P Ryan , Khan Nickalus R , Vaughn Brandy N , Klimo Jr Paul 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Abusive head trauma (AHT) may result in costly, long-term sequelae.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the burden of AHT on the hospital system within the first year of injury.

METHODS
Single institution retrospective evaluation of AHT cases from January 2009 to August 2016. Demographic, clinical (including injury severity graded I-III), and charge data associated with both initial and return hospital visits within 1 yr of injury were extracted.

RESULTS
A total of 278 cases of AHT were identified: 60% male, 76% infant, and 54% African-American. Of these 278 cases, 162 (60%) returned to the hospital within the first year, resulting in 676 total visits (an average of 4.2 returns/patient). Grade I injuries were less likely to return than more serious injuries (II and III). The majority were outpatient services (n = 430, 64%); of the inpatient readmissions, neurosurgery was the most likely service to be involved (44%). Neurosurgical procedures accounted for the majority of surgeries performed during both initial admission and readmission (85% and 68%, respectively). Increasing injury severity positively correlated with charges for both the initial admission and returns (P < .001 for both). Total calculated charges, including initial admission and returns, were over $25 million USD.

CONCLUSION
AHT has a high potential for return to the hospital system within the first year. Inpatient charges dominate and account for the vast majority of hospital returns and overall charges. A more severe initial injury correlates with increased charges on initial admission and on subsequent hospital return.
Major risk factors for sexual minority young people’s mental and physical health: findings from a county-wide school-based health needs assessment
Authors: Clarke A , Beenstock J , Lukacs J N , Turner L , Limmer M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Childhood health is an important adult health predictor. Sexual orientation is increasingly recognized as influential on children and young people’s (CYP) mental and physical health.

Methods
Data came from a cross-sectional survey of year 9 children attending schools in two local authorities in the north-west of England, including mental and physical health indicators, and demographic characteristics including sexual orientation. The sample of 8058 represented 67.8% of the eligible population. Data were analysed by sexual orientation, sexual majority or sexual minority.

Results
Children reporting their sexual orientation as sexual minority reported worse mental and physical health outcomes and behaviours than sexual majority peers; had higher odds of being lonely (odds ratios (OR) = 8.24, 95% C.I.: 6.56–10.37), having self-harmed (OR = 7.28, 95% C.I.: 5.78–9.15), being bullied (OR = 4.76, 95% C.I.: 3.74–6.05) or perceiving themselves as overweight (OR = 2.40, 95% C.I.: 1.89–3.06).

Conclusions
It is important to identify and support children in a sexual minority. Research is required to understand differences between children within sexual minorities and the impact on outcomes and rights. Health and social policy and services, should respond to the vulnerabilities of sexual minority CYP.
Sedentary behaviour is associated with diabetes mellitus in adults: findings of a cross-sectional analysis from the Brazilian National Health System
Authors: Lemes Ítalo Ribeiro , Sui Xuemei , Turi-Lynch Bruna Camilo , Lee Duck-chul , Blair Steven N , Fernandes Rômulo Araújo , Codogno Jamile Sanches , Monteiro Henrique Luiz 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Sedentary behaviour (SB) may contribute to the development of several chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between different domains of SB with diabetes among adult users of the Brazilian National Health System (NHS).

Methods
Cross-sectional study from the primary care system of the Brazilian NHS in the city of Bauru, Brazil. SB, physical activity (PA), DM and other chronic diseases were assessed by face-to-face interviews and medical records. As potential confounders in the adjusted model, we used gender, age, economic status, smoking status, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and PA.

Results
The study was composed of 147 men and 410 women. The fully adjusted model showed that Brazilian adults spending ≥3 h per day in television viewing (OR = 1.61 [95% CI: 1.11–2.33]) and overall SB (OR = 1.60 [95% CI: 1.09–2.36]) had increased prevalence of DM compared to those spending &lt;3 h per day.

Conclusions
TV viewing and overall SB was associated with higher prevalence of DM in Brazilian adults from the NHS, even after controlling for potential confounders including PA.
Long-Run Price Elasticities of Demand for Credit: Evidence from a Countrywide Field Experiment in Mexico
Authors: Karlan Dean , Zinman Jonathan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We use randomized interest rates, offered across eighty geographically distinct regions for twenty-nine months by Mexico’s largest microlender, to sketch the adjustment from a price change to a new equilibrium. Demand is elastic, and more so over the longer run; e.g. the dollars-borrowed elasticity increases from $-$1.1 in Year one to $-$2.9 in Year three. Credit bureau data do not show evidence of crowd-out, although this and other null results are imprecisely estimated. The lender’s profits increase, albeit noisily, starting in Year two. But competitors do not respond by reducing rates. These findings, together with other results, suggest that informational frictions are important, and that cutting rates furthered Compartamos Banco’s “double bottom line” of improving social welfare subject to a profitability constraint.
Immunological characterization of a rat model of Duchenne’s disease and demonstration of improved muscle strength after anti-CD45RC antibody treatment
Authors: Ouisse Laure-Hélène , Remy Séverine , Lafoux Aude , Larcher Thibaut , Tesson Laurent , Chenouard Vanessa , Guillonneau Carole , Brusselle Lucas , Vimond Nadège , Rouger Karl , Péréon Yann , Chenouard Alexis , Guen Christèle Gras-Le , Braudeau Cécile , Josien Régis , Huchet Corinne , Anegon Ignacio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has as standard pharmacological therapy with corticoisteroids (CS) that decrease inflammation and immune responses present in patients and animal models. CS have however limited efficacy and important and numerous side effects. Therefore, there is a need for new anti-inflammatory and pro-tolerogenic treatments that could replace or decrease doses of CS. We first assessed the status of immune system of dystrophin-deficient rats (Dmdmdx) that closely reproduce the phenotype of DMD patients.Dmdmdxrats showed increased leukocyte infiltration in skeletal and cardiac muscles, containing mostly macrophages but also T cells, and increased expression of several cytokines. Anti-CD45RC Monoclonal antibody (Mab) treatment induced immune tolerance in models of organ transplantation and GVHD (Graft Versus Host Disease). We observed that muscles and blood of DMD patients contained T CD4+and CD8+expressing high levels of CD45RChighcells. Treatment of youngDmdmdxrats with anti-CD45RC MAb corrected skeletal muscle strength associated to a depletion of effectors CD45RChighT cells with no obvious side-effects. Prednisolone treatment ofDmdmdxrats similarly increased skeletal muscle strength and was also associated to a depletion of effectors CD45RChighcells but resulted in severe weight loss.Overall,Dmdmdxrats display important immune inflammatory response and thus represent a useful model to analyze new anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic treatments for DMD. As an example, a new treatment with anti-CD45RC antibodies improved muscle strength inDmdmdxrats as prednisolone did but without side effects. Anti-CD45RC therapy could complement other therapies in DMD patients.