bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Yolŋu ‘Bothways’ approach to English and Warramiri literacy at Gäwa
Authors: Gelderen Ben van , Guthadjaka Kathy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the famous Djuranydjura story from North-East Arnhem Land, when the visiting ‘Macassan’ offers the Yolŋu ancestral dog rice, shoes and blankets, he rejects them all, in favour of his own land and resources. At Gäwa homeland on Elcho Island, this powerful story is reinterpreted to include the arrival ofbalanda(white) teachers, and their focus on English literacy. However, it is not that English literacy is devalued, but that it must maintain its proper place; negotiated to sit alongside the foundational literacy of the land, and Warramiri language itself. An approach of applying such a ‘Bothways’ pedagogy through utilising the ‘Accelerated Literacy’ methodology forbothlanguages and cultures is outlined to demonstrate that strengthened identity is attainable when the community moves together.
Caught in the middle
Authors: Heath Jeffrey 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe relationship between the Songhay and Mande language families has fascinated West Africanists. The typological similarities run deep, but the respective lexicons are noncognate. I focus here on a typological rarity, a bidirectional case marker (BCM), namely Proto-Songhay *nà and its descendants, and argue that it was most likely borrowed from Mande as part of the adoption by Songhay of the equally typologically rare Mande-type S(‑infl)‑O‑V‑X syntax, which reduces to S‑O‑V‑X when there is no post-subject inflectional morpheme (predicative marker). Apparently Songhay had little choice but to borrow the morpheme on the grounds that it did not previously possess the S(‑infl)‑O‑V‑X construction of which it is a key component, especially since a buffer between S and O prevents real-time mis-parsing of two adjacent NPs as possessor-possessum. The medial (‘caught in the middle’) position of the morpheme in the S‑BCM‑O sequence favored the borrowing, in spite of its abstract relational function which in some theoretical models should block borrowing.
Task repetition and the public performance of speaking tasks in EFL classes at a Vietnamese high school
Authors: Newton Jonathan , Nguyen Bao Trang Thi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the occurrence of language-related episodes (LREs) in interactive tasks performed by pairs of Vietnamese English Foreign Language (EFL) learners and the extent to which linguistic knowledge targeted in these LREs was transferred to subsequent public performance (PP) of the same tasks in front of the class. Task performance data was collected from 24 pairs of learners from six intact grade 11 EFL classes at a Vietnamese high school as they carried out two interactive speaking tasks in consecutive weeks, first privately in pairs and then, within the same lesson, publically in front of the class. Teachers and learners were also interviewed. Results showed LREs to be frequent in task rehearsals. The majority of LREs were resolved correctly by the learners and led to more accurate use of the targeted linguistic items in subsequent public performance. The results and supporting interview data shows how, in this school, the practice of asking learners to repeat the performance of tasks in front of the class positively affected learner engagement and enriched the language learning opportunities available through interactive oral tasks.
Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg matter: a review
Authors: Holmlid Leif , Zeiner-Gundersen Sindre 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The extremely large density of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) has been proved in numerous experiments by three laser-induced methods, namely Coulomb explosions observed by particle time-of-flight (TOF) and TOF mass spectrometry, rotational emission spectroscopy in the visible, and annihilation-like meson ejecting nuclear reaction processes. The density of H(0) at the quite common spin level s = 2 is of the order of 100 kg cm−3. The theory of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) is described briefly, especially the ‘mixed’ spin quantum number s and its relation to the internuclear distances. The orbital angular momentum of the bonding electrons in H(0) is l = 0, which gives the H(0) designation. At s = 2 with electron total angular momentum L = ħ, the internuclear distance is 2.24 pm, and at s = 1 thus L = ħ/2, it is as small as 0.56 pm. The internuclear distances are measured by optical rotational spectroscopy with a precision as good as 10−3, thus with femtometer resolution. The dimensional factor (ratio of internuclear distance to the electron orbit radius) was determined to be 2.9 by electrostatic stability calculations for ordinary Rydberg matter. This value is found to be valid with high precision also for H(0) clusters with different shapes. Superfluidity and a Meissner effect at room temperature are only found for the long chain clusters H2N
(0), while the small H3(0) and H4(0) clusters do not have any super properties. Instead, they are the clusters in which most of the nuclear reaction processes take place. These processes give meson showers (most types of kaons and pions) and, after meson decay, large fluxes of muons and other leptons. Published applications of these results already exist in the field of nuclear reactions, energy production (patented fusion reactor), space physics (the solar wind), and in astrophysics (dark matter and the interstellar medium).
Characterizing precipitation events leading to surface water flood damage over large regions of complex terrain
Authors: Bernet Daniel Benjamin , Trefalt Simona , Martius Olivia , Weingartner Rolf , Mosimann Markus , Röthlisberger Veronika , Zischg Andreas Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Surface water floods (SWFs) that lead to household losses are mainly localized phenomena. Research on describing the associated precipitation characteristics has previously been based on case studies and on the derivation of local rainfall thresholds, but no approaches have yet been presented on the national scale. Here, we propose a new way to overcome this scaling problem. We linked a gridded precipitation dataset based on both rainfall gauges and radar data with geolocated insurance claims for all of Switzerland. We show that the absolute thresholds vary markedly over complex terrain, and we thus propose basing early warning systems for predicting damage-relevant SWF events on local quantiles of maximum intensity and the total sum of event precipitation. A threshold model based on these two parameters is able to classify rainfall events potentially leading to damage-relevant SWF events over large areas of complex terrain, including high mountains and lowland areas, and a variety of geological conditions. Our approach is an important step towards the development of impact-based early warning systems. Weather warning agencies or insurance companies can build upon these findings to find workarounds for issuing user-targeted warnings at national scale or for nowcasting purposes.
The American Society for Clinical Pathology’s 2018 Vacancy Survey of Medical Laboratories in the United States
Authors: Garcia Edna , Kundu Iman , Kelly Melissa , Soles Ryan 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine the extent and distribution of workforce shortages within the nation’s medical laboratories.

Methods
The survey was conducted through collaboration between the American Society for Clinical Pathology’s Institute of Science, Technology, and Policy in Washington, DC, and the Evaluation, Measurement, and Assessment Department and Board of Certification in Chicago, IL. Data were collected via an internet survey distributed to individuals who were able to report on staffing and certifications for their laboratories.

Results
Results show increased vacancy rates for laboratory positions across all departments surveyed. The overall retirement rates are at its lowest, suggesting that the field has already experienced loss of personnel with a vast amount of experience.

Conclusions
Focus on retention of qualified and certified laboratory professionals would be crucial factors in addressing the needs of the laboratory workforce. The field also needs to intensify its efforts on recruiting the next generation of laboratory personnel.
Oral Language Performance of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students in Mainstream Schools
Authors: Lau Tammy H M , Lee Kathy Y S , Lam Emily Y C , Lam Joffee H S , Yiu Chris K M , Tang Gladys W L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In Hong Kong, students are expected to speak fluent Cantonese, Putonghua, and English. However, the curriculum does not include Cantonese studies, as children are expected to have already acquired Cantonese by the age of school entry. This study examined the language outcomes of Cantonese-speaking deaf or hard-of-hearing children who attend primary schools within the Hong Kong educational system and considered whether the system currently meets the needs of these children. The Hong Kong Cantonese Oral Language Assessment Scale, which comprises six subtests, was used to assess 98 children with mild to profound hearing loss. A regression analysis was used to examine the influences of various variables on oral language performance in these children. Notably, 41% of the participants had achieved age-appropriate oral language skills, while 18% and 41% exhibited mild-to-moderate or severe oral language impairment, respectively. The degree of hearing loss and the use of speech therapy were identified as significant negative predictors of oral language performance. The issues of a relatively late diagnosis and device fitting, as well as the very poor oral language outcomes, strongly emphasize the need for policy makers to reconsider the existing educational approaches and support for deaf or hard-of-hearing children.
Evolutionary origins of polycystic ovary syndrome: An environmental mismatch disorder
Authors: Charifson Mia A , Trumble Benjamin C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder and has important evolutionary implications for female reproduction and health. PCOS presents an interesting paradox, as it results in significant anovulation and potential sub-fecundity in industrialized populations, yet it has a surprisingly high prevalence and has a high heritability. In this review, we discuss an overview of PCOS, current diagnostic criteria, associated hormonal pathways and a review of proposed evolutionary hypotheses for the disorder. With a multifactorial etiology that includes ovarian function, metabolism, insulin signaling and multiple genetic risk alleles, PCOS is a complex disorder. We propose that PCOS is a mismatch between previously neutral genetic variants that evolved in physically active subsistence settings that have the potential to become harmful in sedentary industrialized environments. Sedentary obesogenic environments did not exist in ancestral times and exacerbate many of these pathways, resulting in the high prevalence and severity of PCOS today. Overall, the negative impacts of PCOS on reproductive success would likely have been minimal during most of human evolution and unlikely to generate strong selection. Future research and preventative measures should focus on these gene-environment interactions as a form of evolutionary mismatch, particularly in populations that are disproportionately affected by obesity and metabolic disorders.

Lay Summary
The most severe form of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is likely a result of interactions between genetic predispositions for PCOS and modern obesogenic environments. PCOS would likely have been less severe ancestrally and the fitness reducing effects of PCOS seen today are likely a novel product of sedentary, urban environments.
Making Settlers Muslim: Religion, Resistance and Everday Life in Nineteenth-Century French Algeria
Authors: Sessions Jennifer 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
On 26 April 1901, members of the Righa tribe overran the French colonial village of Margueritte in central Algiers province. They seized the settlement’s male colonists and demanded they ‘make [them]selves Muslims’ by reciting the shehada and donning North African clothing. Several Europeans who could not or would not comply were killed. This article explores the meanings of this forced conversion of European settlers, which made the Margueritte revolt unique in the history of Algerian resistance to French colonialism. For French colonial officials, the religious ritual indicated the causal role of ‘Islamic fanaticism’ in fomenting the revolt. Administrators and magistrates focused their investigations on the religious habits of the revolt’s leaders, possible ties to Sufi brotherhoods and pan-Islamist conspiracies. But in doing so, they largely overlooked the more quotidian meanings of the conversion ritual for the inhabitants of Margueritte itself. By resituating the symbolic transformation of body and soul within the cultural logics of everyday life in the settler village, the article attempts to map out the more mundane social practices by which ethno-religious colonial hierarchies were enacted and embodied in French Algeria.
Study risk assessment of Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) clinical trials using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) study risk calculator
Authors: Miyamoto Kenichi , Nakamura Kenichi , Mizusawa Junki , de Balincourt Christine , Fukuda Haruhiko 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
New Japanese ethical guidelines for medical researches and the Clinical Trials Act have come into effect and monitoring is mandated for intervention studies. Methods of monitoring can be modified according to a study risk, but there is no established method in Japan regarding how to assess a study risk. EORTC assesses a study risk using their own study risk calculator and classifies their trials into three categories. For each category, different levels of monitoring are applied. This project is aimed to assess the study risks of JCOG trials using the EORTC calculator.

Methods
We selected clinical trials open to patient recruitment in JCOG as of Nov 2014. Each trial was scored based on the EORTC study risk calculator and classified into three risk categories; low, medium and high.

Results
A total of 40 studies were included in the assessment. Twenty-seven studies (67.5%) were classified into low risk group, 12 (30%) in medium risk group, and only 1 (2.5%) in high risk group. Clinical trials evaluating multimodality therapy and/or using unapproved drugs tended to be scored higher and most of them were classified into medium or high risk group.

Conclusions
JCOG conducts central monitoring and site visit audit with sampling source data verification for every trial, which are almost compatible with the way in EORTC for the medium risk group. Because most of the JCOG studies were classified into low or medium risk group, the intensity of monitoring and audit in JCOG was considered as reasonable even from the EORTC perspective.
Two new species of shrew-rats (Rhynchomys: Muridae: Rodentia) from Luzon Island, Philippines
Authors: Rickart Eric A , Balete Danilo S , Timm Robert M , Alviola Phillip A , Esselstyn Jacob A , Heaney Lawrence R 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe murine genus Rhynchomys includes the large-bodied Philippine “shrew-rats,” highly specialized members of the vermivorous clade of Philippine murids. Four species are recognized, all of which are endemic to Luzon Island: R. soricoides from mountains within the Central Cordillera, R. isarogensis from Mt. Isarog on the Bicol Peninsula, R. banahao from Mt. Banahaw in south-central Luzon, and R. tapulao from Mt. Tapulao in the Zambales Mountains. Field surveys in 2006 and 2008 revealed two additional populations of Rhynchomys, one from Mt. Labo (1,544 m), a dormant stratovolcano at the base of the Bicol Peninsula, the other from Mt. Mingan (1,901 m), the highest peak in the central Sierra Madre of east-central Luzon. Assessment of external and craniodental features of available specimens from throughout Luzon support our description of the populations on Mt. Labo and Mt. Mingan as new species. All species of Rhynchomys are restricted to high-elevation, montane, and mossy forest habitats, separated by intervening lowlands. These discoveries highlight the importance of isolated highland areas in the historical diversification of Southeast Asian murines, and as current centers of endemism.
Mechanism and therapeutic window of a genistein nanosuspension to protect against hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome
Authors: Landauer Michael R , Harvey Adam J , Kaytor Michael D , Day Regina M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
There are no FDA-approved drugs that can be administered prior to ionizing radiation exposure to prevent hematopoietic–acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). A suspension of synthetic genistein nanoparticles was previously shown to be an effective radioprotectant against H-ARS when administered prior to exposure to a lethal dose of total body radiation. Here we aimed to determine the time to protection and the duration of protection when the genistein nanosuspension was administered by intramuscular injection, and we also investigated the drug’s mechanism of action. A single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension was an effective radioprotectant when given prophylactically 48 h to 12 h before irradiation, with maximum effectiveness occurring when administered 24 h before. No survival advantage was observed in animals administered only a single dose of drug after irradiation. The dose reduction factor of the genistein nanosuspension was determined by comparing the survival of treated and untreated animals following different doses of total body irradiation. As genistein is a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist, we also explored whether this was a central component of its radioprotective mechanism of action. Mice that received an intramuscular injection of an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) prior to administration of the genistein nanosuspension had significantly lower survival following total body irradiation compared with animals only receiving the nanosuspension (P < 0.01). These data define the time to and duration of radioprotection following a single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension and identify its likely mechanism of action.
Development of a Methodology for Simulating Complex Head Impacts With the Advanced Combat Helmet
Authors: Begonia Mark , Rooks Tyler , Pintar Frank A , Yoganandan Narayan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Blunt impact assessment of the Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) is currently based on the linear head response. The current study presents a methodology for testing the ACH under complex loading that generates linear and rotational head motion. Experiments were performed on a guided, free-fall drop tower using an instrumented National Operating Committee for Standards on Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) head attached to a Hybrid III (HIII) or EuroSID-2 (ES-2) dummy neck and carriage. Rear and lateral impacts occurred at 3.0 m/s with peak linear accelerations (PLA) and peak rotational accelerations (PRA) measured at the NOCSAE head center-of-gravity. Experimental data served as inputs for the Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon) computational model to estimate brain strain. Rear ACH impacts had 22% and 7% higher PLA and PRA when using the HIII neck versus the ES-2 neck. Lateral ACH impacts had 33% and 35% lower PLA and PRA when using HIII neck versus the ES-2 neck. Computational results showed that total estimated brain strain increased by 25% and 76% under rear and lateral ACH impacts when using the ES-2 neck. This methodology was developed to simulate complex ACH impacts involving the rotational head motion associated with diffuse brain injuries, including concussion, in military environments.
Using Simulation to Address a Training Gap in Battlefield Ocular Trauma: A Lateral Canthotomy and Cantholysis (LCC) Prototype Training System
Authors: Sotomayor Teresita M , Bailey Margaret P , Dorton Stephen L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Over the past 15 years of conflict, eye injuries have ocurred at a steady rate of 5–10% of combat casualties, attributed to the enemy’s use of improvised explosive devices. Many of these injuries result in a compartment syndrome of the orbit, easily decompressed through the use of a simple procedure called a Lateral Canthotomy and Cantholysis (LCC). Current training curricula at the U.S. Army Center for Pre-Hospital Medicine at Fort Sam Houston, Texas incorporates LCC training presented in lectures and taught using cadavers and goats (resources permitting), but lacks a LCC training device for the development of psychomotor skills. Requirements analysis, iterative design and development, and testing were performed for a simulation-based training system that may be used to practice the LCC procedure. Subject matter experts have conducted numerous reviews of the prototype system, where feedback is used to drive subsequent designs. Further work, including formal analysis of training effectiveness, will be performed to validate the training system. This will benefit will benefit military and civilian training programs by training psychomotor skills to enhance competency in the LCC procedure for preserving eyesight.
Characterization of Protection Mechanisms to Blast Overpressure for Personal Hearing Protection Devices – Biomechanical Measurement and Computational Modeling
Authors: Gan Rong Z , Leckness Kegan , Smith Kyle , Ji Xiao D 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Hearing damage induced by blast exposure is a common injury in military personnel involved in most operation activities. Personal hearing protection devices such as earplugs come as a standard issue for Service members; however, it is not clear how to accurately evaluate the protection mechanisms of different hearing protection devices for blast overpressures (BOP). This paper reports a recent study on characterization of earplugs’ protective function to BOP using human cadaver ears and 3D finite element (FE) model of the human ear. The cadaver ear mounted with pressure sensors near the eardrum (P1) and inside the middle ear (P2) and with an earplug inserted was exposed to BOP in the blast test chamber. P1, P2, and BOP at the ear canal entrance (P0) were simultaneously recorded. The measured P0 waveform was then applied at the ear canal entrance in the FE model and the P1 and P2 pressures were derived from the model. Both experiments and FE modeling resulted in the P1 reduction which represents the effective protection function of the earplug. Different earplugs showed variations in pressure waveforms transmitted to the eardrum, which determine the protection level of earplugs.