bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiotic spaces in antidiscriminatory political discourse: Naming practices as indexes
Authors: Landqvist Mats 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article explores the semiotic spaces occupied by organizations working against discrimination in Sweden. Expressions of identity, norm critique, and political goals are studied in relation to word production and language policy and planning. The study departs from interviews with representatives from three organizations within the hbtqi, antiracist, and disability movements. Other resources connected to them have also been analyzed, such as glossaries. Theoretically, this study draws on Yuri Lotman's concept of semiospheres, allowing the analysis to weigh in the whole semiotic process, including meaning production, policy work, and concrete word production. This approach completes an analysis of indexical orders. The results show that (a) organizations are aware of the importance of linguistic choices, (b) when new concepts and words are spread to the public, tension can arise and sometimes objections, and (c) word meanings change when used in public discourse. (Language policy and planning, semiosphere, indexical order, hbtqi, antiracism, disability, discrimination)
Body work and later-life care in Turkey: a qualitative study of paid and unpaid carers of older people
Authors: Özen Yelda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ageing population of Turkey has brought later-life care into question. Family care remains most prevalent, but institutional, paid and professional care are increasing. Literature in Turkey has focused on the medical or social policy aspects but not care-givers’ experiences, nor how the care is performed. This study aims to illuminate care-givers’ experiences using qualitative methods, through in-depth interviews in Ankara with 19 care-givers providing home care for people aged 65 and over. Commonalities and differences were revealed among unpaid family care-givers, paid care-givers and professional care-givers. First, whether paid or unpaid, the bodily and emotional aspects of care work are intertwined. To cope with the ‘negativities’ involved in the work, nurses usually medicalised bodily tasks, unpaid care-givers cited traditional responsibilities and employed infantilisation, while paid care-givers mostly informalised the relationship, infantilised the person cared for and underlined their asexuality. Secondly, care work is gendered; silenced, invisible and ambivalent; related to intimacy with older bodies; and performed in the home space, which blurs the distinction between the private and public field for paid care. Finally, it involves emotional work regarding managing the bodily aspects and navigating the relationships surrounding the older person; and it is labour-intensive with an exploitative character.
INSTITUTIONS’ IMPACT ON THE CORRUPTION–GROWTH NEXUS: NONLINEARITIES AND TRANSMISSION CHANNELS
Authors: Marakbi Réda , Turcu Camélia , Villieu Patrick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe analyze the channels through which institutional quality can impact the corruption–growth nexus. To do this, we develop an endogenous growth model and test its implications empirically, through panel data models using GMM and PSTR settings. Our sample consists of 136 developed and developing countries analyzed over the period 1984–2015. We show, both theoretically and empirically, that (i) the corruption–growth relation can be subject to nonlinearities highly influenced by countries’ institutional development; and (ii) private investment and public spending are two main channels through which institutional quality affects, positively or negatively, the relation between corruption and economic growth.
RapidArc treatment planning quality assurance using electronic portal imaging device for cervical cancer
Authors: Zulkafal Hafiz Muhibb ullah , Khalid Allah Ditta , Minhas Sajid Anees , Zafar Umair , Hameed Rizwan , Afzal Khan Muhammad , Iqbal Khalid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurpose:The main objective of this study is to assure the quality of cervical cancer treatment plans using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) in RapidArc techniques.Materials and Methods:Fifteen cases of cervical cancer patients undergoing RapidArc technique were selected to evaluate the quality assurance (QA) of their treatment. The computed tomography (CT) of each patient was obtained with 3-mm-slice thickness and transferred to the Eclipse treatment planning system. The prescribed dose (PD) of 50·4 Gy with 1·8 Gy per fraction to planning target volume (PTV) was used for each patient. The aim of treatment planning was to achieve 95% of PD to cover 97%, and dose to the PTV should not receive 105% of the PD. All RapidArc plans were created using the AAA algorithm and treated on Varian DHX using 6 MV photon beam, with two full arcs. Gamma analysis was used to evaluate the quality of the treatment plans with accepting criteria of 95% at 3%/3 mm.Results:In this study, maximum and average gamma values were 2·53 ± 0·409 and 0·195 ± 0·059 showing very small deviation and indicating the smaller difference between both predicted and portal doses. Gamma Area changes from > 0·8 to > 1·2. SD increased to 5·4% and mean standard error increased to 4·67%.Conclusion:On the basis of these outcomes, we can summarise that the EPID is a useful tool for QA in standardising and evaluating RapidArc treatment plans of cervical cancer in routine clinical practice.
Care-seeking pathways, care challenges, and coping experiences of rural women living with rheumatoid arthritis in Odisha, India
Authors: Pati Sanghamitra , Sahoo Krushna Chandra , Samal Mousumi , Jena Sunita , Mahapatra Pranab , Sutar Deepika , Das Bidyut K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of the study was to explore the care-seeking pathway of rural women living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and attending a tertiary health-care facility in Odisha, India.

Background:
RA is the third leading chronic health condition and causes severe pain and immense psychosocial stress. The prevalence of RA is three to four times higher in women than in men. Furthermore, in India, women delay care seeking due to the prevailing sociocultural norms. Women report more severe symptoms and greater disability; however, there is a lack of information on their care-seeking pathways.

Method:
We conducted 113 in-depth interviews among RA patients those who visited specialists at the outpatients’ Department of Rheumatology, SCB Medical College Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Cuttack, Odisha, India. The grounded theory approaches were used for data analysis.

Findings:
The key findings included physical pain and psychosocial stress in relation to RA, cultural issues in relation to RA, mapping of the health-care providers for RA, the first point of cares and changes in care-seeking pathways, the perceived challenge for seeking health-care, and coping strategies of patients and social supports. This study explored that the RA patients seek care from multiple providers – untrained, trained and specialist without any gatekeeping. However, the primary health centers were the first point of care for maximum patients due to accessibility and affordability. Furthermore, follow-up care is significant to prevent complication among RA patients; the primary health centers are the gateway for keeping RA patients. Hence, the availability of RA trained providers at primary health center including interprofessional care, such as physiotherapy providers, and proper referral system is essential to convalesce care-seeking pathways.
A Weather‐Regime‐Based Stochastic Weather Generator for Climate Vulnerability Assessments of Water Systems in the Western United States
Authors: Steinschneider Scott , Ray Patrick , Rahat Saiful Haque , Kucharski John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVulnerability‐based frameworks are increasingly used to better understand water system performance under climate change. This work advances the use of stochastic weather generators for climate vulnerability assessments that simulate weather based on patterns of regional atmospheric flow (i.e., weather regimes) conditioned on global‐scale climate features. The model is semiparametric by design and includes (1) a nonhomogeneous Markov chain for weather regime simulation; (2) block bootstrapping and a Gaussian copula for multivariate, multisite weather simulation; and (3) modules to impose thermodynamic and dynamical climate change, including Clausius‐Clapeyron precipitation scaling, elevation‐dependent warming, and shifting dynamics of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In this way, the model can be used to evaluate climate impacts on water systems based on hypotheses of dynamic and thermodynamic climate change. The model is developed and tested for cold‐season climate in the Tuolumne River Basin in California but is broadly applicable across the western United States. Results show that eight weather regimes exert strong influences over local climate in the Tuolumne Basin. Model simulations adequately preserve many of the historical statistics for precipitation and temperature across sites, including the mean, variance, skew, and extreme values. Annual precipitation and temperature are somewhat underdispersed, and precipitation spell statistics are negatively biased by 1‐2 days. For simulations of future climate, the model can generate a range of Clausius‐Clapeyron scaling relationships and modes of elevation‐dependent warming. Model simulations also suggest a muted response of Tuolumne climate to changes in ENSO variability.
Mechanisms of Unrest and Eruption at Persistently Restless Volcanoes: Insights From the 2015 Eruption of Telica Volcano, Nicaragua
Authors: Roman Diana C. , LaFemina Peter C. , Bussard Rebecca , Stephens Kirsten , Wauthier Christelle , Higgins Machel , Feineman Maureen , Arellano Santiago , de Moor J. Maarten , Avard Geoffroy , Cruz Maria Martinez , Burton Mike , Varnam Matthew , Saballos Armando , Ibarra Martha , Strauch Wilfried , Tenorio Virginia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany of Earth's volcanoes experience well‐defined states of “quiescence” and “unrest,” with unrest occasionally culminating in eruption. Some volcanoes, however, experience an unusually protracted (i.e., decades‐long) period of noneruptive unrest and are thus categorized as “persistently restless volcanoes” (PRVs). The processes that drive persistently restless volcanism are poorly understood, as our knowledge of PRVs is currently based on a small number of case studies. Here we examine multidisciplinary observations of the 2015 eruptive episode at Telica Volcano, Nicaragua, in the context of its long‐term behavior. We suggest that the latter phases of the 2015 eruption were ultimately driven by destabilization of its shallow magma reservoir. Based on previous geodetic‐seismic studies of Telica (Geirsson et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.11.009; Rodgers et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.08.010 and 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.11.012) and on multiparameter observations at Telica over a 7‐year period, we propose that three distinct states of unrest occur at Telica over decadal timescales: a stable open state involving steady conduit convection and two distinct “unstable” states that may lead to eruptions. In the “weak sealing” state, phreatic explosions result from steady conduit convection underlying a weak seal. In the “destabilized” state, destabilization of the top of the convecting magma in the conduit leads to rapid accumulation of high pressures leading to strong/impulsive phreatomagmatic explosions. Our observations and interpretations suggest that continuous seismic, ground‐based deformation, gas emission, and thermal monitoring and interpretation of these data within a paradigm of sustained conduit convection modulated by episodes of sealing and destabilization of shallow magma reservoirs may allow robust forecasting of eruption potential, energy, and duration at Telica and similar PRVs worldwide.
A Thermodynamic Pathway Leading to Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones in Shear
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Zhang Jun A. , Marks Frank D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding physical processes leading to rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) under environmental vertical wind shear is key to improving TC intensity forecasts. This study analyzes the thermodynamic processes that help saturate the TC inner core before RI onset using a column‐integrated moist static energy (MSE) framework. Results indicate that the nearly saturated inner core in the lower‐middle troposphere is achieved by an increase in the column‐integrated MSE, as column water vapor accumulates while the mean column temperature cools. The sign of the column‐integrated MSE tendency depends on the competition between surface enthalpy fluxes, radiation, and vertical wind shear‐induced ventilation effect. The reduction of ventilation above the boundary layer due to vertical alignment is crucial to accumulate the energy within the inner core region. A comparison of the RI simulation with a null simulation further highlights the impact of vortex structure on the thermodynamic state adjustment and TC intensification.
Diagnosing Ocean‐Wave‐Turbulence Interactions From Space
Authors: Torres H. S. , Klein P. , Siegelman L. , Qiu B. , Chen S. , Ubelmann C. , Wang J. , Menemenlis D. , Fu L.‐L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNumerical studies indicate that interactions between ocean internal gravity waves (especially those <100 km) and geostrophic (or balanced) motions associated with mesoscale eddy turbulence (involving eddies of 100–300 km) impact the ocean's kinetic energy budget and therefore its circulation. Results from these studies have never been confirmed by observations in regional or basin‐scale domains. Here we show that internal gravity waves have a spectral signature on sea surface height during summer that significantly differs from that of balanced motions. These spectral differences lead us to propose a new dynamical framework that quantifies the interactions between internal gravity waves and balanced motions in physical space from sea surface height snapshots, and in particular the energy exchanges between them. Our results, using this dynamical framework, highlight the strong potential of future satellite altimeter missions to make critical advances in assessing the ocean's kinetic energy budget from observations in large domains.
Statistical Study on Multispacecraft Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Events During Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Xie H. , St. Cyr O. C. , Mäkelä P. , Gopalswamy N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe conduct a statistical study on the large three‐spacecraft widespread solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Longitudinal distributions of the peak intensities, onset delays, and relation between the SEP intensity, coronal mass ejection (CME) shock speed, width, and the kinetic energy of the CME have been investigated. We apply a Gaussian fit to obtain the SEP intensity I0 and distribution width σ and a forward‐modeling fit to determine the true shock speed and true CME width. We found a good correlation between σ and connection angle to the flare site and I0 and the kinetic energy of the CME. By including the true shock speed and true CME widths, we reduce root‐mean‐square errors on the predicted SEP intensity by ∼41% for protons compared to Richardson et al.'s (2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0524-8) prediction. The improved correlation between the CME kinetic energy and SEP intensity provides strong evidence for the CME‐shock acceleration theory of SEPs. In addition, we found that electron and proton release time delays (DTs) relative to Type II radio bursts increase with connection angles. The average electron (proton) DT is ∼14 (32) min for strongly anisotropic events and ∼2.5 (4.4) hr for weakly anisotropic events. Poor magnetic connectivity and large scattering effects are two main reasons to cause large delays.
Impact of Atmospheric Retrievals on Hurricane Florence/Michael Forecasts in a Regional NWP Model
Authors: Shao Min , Smith William L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAtmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer and the Cross‐track Infrared Sounder with acceptable qualities under clear condition and above clouds are derived using the Dual‐Regression algorithm based on the Principle Component‐based Radiative Transfer Model. The application of the derived atmospheric retrievals with high temporal and spatial resolutions in a regional weather model is studied for two hurricane cases by assimilating the retrievals in an hourly update cycle. Improvements on hurricane forecast are obtained by assimilating satellite retrievals as compared to both conventional operational data and radiance assimilation. Position of the predicted hurricane center, which is especially critical for landfall position, is corrected with a maximum improvement of 45 km compared to conventional assimilation. Predictions of heavy precipitation produced by hurricanes are improved with smaller bias and standard deviation. Precipitation scores used for the validation of predictions also show great improvements in heavy precipitation forecast against conventional data and radiance assimilation. Hurricane structure representation is substantially improved. Specifically, more symmetric structures, stronger warm cores, deeper convections, and more accurate winds lead to the improvements in precipitation forecasts. Potential applications of such approaches can be applied to assimilating the retrieved information from the geostationary satellite instruments by adding higher temporal and horizontal resolutions to the polar satellite hyperspectral sounding data.
Scale‐Dependent Patterning of Wetland Depressions in a Low‐Relief Karst Landscape
Authors: Quintero Carlos J. , Cohen Matthew J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThousands of small wetland depression features (cypress domes) dot the low‐relief karst of Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY) in South Florida, USA. We hypothesized that these wetland depressions are organized in a regular pattern, which is atypical of wetlandscapes elsewhere. Regular patterning implies the existence of coupled feedbacks operating at different spatial scales, with local wetland depression expansion (facilitation via karst dissolution) limited by competition among adjacent depressions for finite water resources (inhibition). We sought to test the hypothesis that wetlands in BICY exhibit regular patterning, and to quantify pattern properties to evaluate competing genesis mechanisms. We tested four predictions about landscape structure and geometry using high‐resolution Light Detection and Ranging elevation data from six 2.25‐km2 domains across BICY. Specifically, we predicted (1) feature overdispersion resulting from competition between adjacent basins; (2) truncated wetland area distributions due to growth inhibition feedbacks; (3) periodicity in surface elevation indicating a characteristic pattern wavelength; and (4) elevation bimodality indicating distinct upland and wetland states. All four predictions were strongly supported. Depressions were significantly overdispersed and efficiently fill the landscape, generating hexagonal patterning. Wetland areas followed truncated power law scaling, indicating incremental constraints on basin expansion, in contrast to depression areas elsewhere. Variogram and radial spectrum analyses revealed clear periodicity (~150‐ to 250‐m wavelength) in surface elevations. Finally, surface elevations were consistently bimodal with elevation divergence of 10 to 40 cm. Regular patterning of wetland depressions across BICY is clear, implying long‐term biogeomorphic control on landform structure in this karst landscape.
LncRNA TTN-AS1 promotes migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma via sponging miR-142-5p to regulate CDK5
Authors: Jia Yunlong , Duan Yuqing , Liu Tianxu , Wang Xuexiao , Lv Wei , Wang Mengjie , Wang Jiali , Liu Lihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays pivotal roles in regulating various biological process in human cancers. Titin-antisense RNA1 (TTN-AS1) has been regarded as a tumor promoting lncRNA in numerous cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological function of TTN-AS1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. In the present study, we revealed that the expression of TTN-AS1 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines. High TTN-AS1 expression was associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of LUAD patients. In addition, high expression of TTN-AS1 was correlated with poor postoperative prognosis of LUAD patients. Knockdown of TTN-AS1 significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of LUAD cells in vitro. Then, by using bioinformation analysis and luciferase reporter experiment, we identified that TTN-AS1 could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-142-5p to regulate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in LUAD. Since CDK5 is a key regulator in the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), we detected the expression of EMT-related proteins, consequently, EMT was suppressed by knockdown of TTN-AS1 while this phenomenon was rescued by miR-142-5p inhibitor. Taken above, our study revealed that TTN-AS1 played an important role in LUAD progression. TTN-AS1/miR-142-5p/CDK5 regulatory axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of LUAD.
IL-29 promoted obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
Authors: Lin Tian-Yu , Chiu Chiao-Juno , Kuan Chen-Hsiang , Chen Fang-Hsu , Shen Yin-Chen , Wu Chih-Hsing , Hsu Yu-Hsiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdipocyte-macrophage crosstalk plays a critical role to regulate adipose tissue microenvironment and cause chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity. Interleukin-29 (IL-29), a member of type 3 interferon family, plays a role in host defenses against microbes, however, little is known about its role in metabolic disorders. We explored the function of IL-29 in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. We found that serum IL-29 level was significantly higher in obese patients. IL-29 upregulated IL-1β, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and decreased glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes through reducing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and AKT signals. In addition, IL-29 promoted monocyte/macrophage migration. Inhibition of IL-29 could reduce inflammatory cytokine production in macrophage-adipocyte coculture system, which mimic an obese microenvironment. In vivo, IL-29 reduced insulin sensitivity and increased the number of peritoneal macrophages in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. IL-29 increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio and enhanced MCP-1 expression in adipose tissues of HFD mice. Therefore, we have identified a critical role of IL-29 in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, and we conclude that IL-29 may be a novel candidate target for treating obesity and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic disorders.