bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the Reader Matters. Autobiographies of Childhood for Young Readers
Authors: Van Lierop Helma 
Published: May 2018

In the 1990s, autobiographies of childhood were one of the most importantpublishing trends. These autobiographies challenge the Romantic notionof childhood, thus contributing to the contemporary societal debate aboutchildren and childhood in crisis. Taking into consideration that ideas aboutchildren and childhood are at the heart of children’s literature, it is remarkable that autobiographies of childhood for young readers go unnoticed in the discussion.
Plant Breeders' Rights Licensing in Smallholder Farming: Observations From Kenya
Authors: Munyi Peter , De Jonge Bram , Louwaars Neils 
Published: May 2018

Focusing on Kenya as an example of a market where food production is mostly for subsistence purposes, this article seeks to establish whether licensing of plant breeders’ rights is a mechanism that can facilitate access to seeds and planting material to smallholder farmers. Through a case study method and qualitative interviews of a wide range of stakeholders, it was found that licensing strategies that are employed in market conditions such as those prevailing in Kenya usually involve some form of market differentiation. This is in order to ensure that the targeted beneficiary is reached. It was also found that whatever licensing strategy is employed, each has some advantages and disadvantages. Further, not-for-profit technology brokers have emerged with a view to absorb some costs in the licensing process which are otherwise out of reach for smallholder farmers. Breeders also waive some of their rights with respect to protected varieties. The article concludes that the use of licensing as a tool to facilitate access to seeds and planting material for smallholder farmers in market conditions such as those prevailing in Kenya has received little attention and only involves very few commercial crops. Where breeders choose to waive some of their rights, they should let farmers know so as to create legal certainty on utilization of accessed varieties.
Turbidite Fasies of Lower Penosogan Formation in Karanggayam Area, Kebumen, Indonesia
Authors: Rizal Yan , Santoso Wahyu Dwijo , Rudyawan Alfend , Setiaji Romy Ari , Purwasatriya Eko Bayu 
Published: May 2018

A continuous clastic sedimentary rock outcrop in the Karanggayam Area, Kebumen represents the complete deep marine fan facies of the Middle Miocene Lower Penosogan Formation. Lithology association and vertical succession were observed from a 63 meters detailed measured section along the Karanggayam River. This study aims to identify and classify the turbidite succession as well as the depositional environment of the formation within the North Serayu Basin, Central Java. From the bottom to top the Lower Penosogan Formation is divided into: A2, B2, C2, D2 and F2 facies which represents basin plain, overbank (levee and distal levee), crevasse splay, channel-fill and frontal splay facies respectively. Changes in the depositional environment are interpreted to be influenced by the dynamic changes in morphology and global climate change caused by underwater volcanic activity as a result of Middle Miocene tectonic activity.
2018/4 Racist “liking” on Facebook may justify dismissal for serious misconduct (BE)
Authors: Busschaert Gautier 
Published: May 2018

2018/4 Racist “liking” on Facebook may justify dismissal for serious misconduct (BE)
Racist ‘liking’ on Facebook may justify dismissal for serious misconduct, says the Labour Court of Liège in a decision of 24 March 2017. This case is interesting because, to the author’s knowledge, it is the first time that a simple ‘like’ (as opposed to a proper comment) on Facebook is assessed by a Belgian judge with a view to validate a dismissal for serious misconduct. This case also raises serious questions about the limits to the freedom of expression in social media.
Primary High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in the United States: Is It Time?
Authors: Flanagan Melina B. 
Published: May 2018

Context.—
The most recent update to cervical cancer screening guidelines offers interim guidance on the use of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening, with algorithms for management of results. After decades of screening with pure cytology and a shorter time with adjunctive HPV or cotesting with Papanicolaou (Pap) test and HPV, this is a significant change to our screening methods.

Objective.—
To briefly review the history of cervical cancer screening, the evidence upon which these interim guidelines were based, the arguments for and against primary HPV testing, and the current state of the field.

Data Sources.—
Primary studies, review articles, and commentaries were reviewed.

Conclusions.—
While there is evidence both for and against primary HPV testing, there are a growing number of countries adopting the practice. It would be worthwhile to be informed and prepared for such a change in the United States as well.
Some like it hot: factors impacting thermal preferences of two Ponto-Caspian amphipodsDikerogammarus villosus(Sovinsky, 1894) andDikerogammarus haemobaphes(Eichwald, 1841)
Authors: Rachalewski Michał , Kobak Jarosław , Szczerkowska-Majchrzak Eliza , Bącela-Spychalska Karolina 
Published: May 2018

Temperature is a crucial factor determining biology and ecology of poikilothermic animals. It often constitutes an important barrier for invasive species originating from different climate zones but, on the other hand, may facilitate the invasion process of animals with wide thermal preferences and high resistance to extreme temperatures. In our experimental study, we investigated the thermal behaviour of two Ponto-Caspian amphipod crustaceans—Dikerogammarus villosusandDikerogammarus haemobaphes. Both species are known to live under a wide range of thermal conditions which may promote their invasion. Moreover, both these amphipods are hosts for microsporidian parasites which co-evolved with them within the Ponto-Caspian region and spread in European waters. As the presence of a parasite may influence the thermal preferences of its host, we expected to observe behavioural changes in infected individuals of the studied amphipods leading to (1) behavioural fever (selecting a warmer habitat) or (2) anapyrexia (selecting a colder habitat). The experiment (N = 20) was carried out for 30 min in a 100 cm. 20 cm from boths sides were not avaliable for amphipods long thermal gradient (0–40 °C), using 30 randomly selected adult amphipod individuals of one species. At the end of each trial, we checked the position of amphipods along the gradient and determined their sex and infection status (uninfected or infected by one of microsporidium species).D. villosuswas infected withCucumispora dikerogammariwhereasD. haemobapheswas a host forC. dikerogammari,Dictyocoela muelleriorD. berillonum. Thermal preferences of amphipods depended on their species and sex. Females ofD. villosuspreferred warmer microhabitats (often much above 30 °C) than conspecific males and females ofD. haemobaphes, whereas no significant differences were found among males of both species and both sexes ofD. haemobaphes. Moreover, infected males ofD. villosusstayed in warmer water more often than uninfected males of this species, selecting temperatures higher than 30 °C, which may be explained either as a behavioural fever constituting a defence mechanism of a host against the infection, or as a parasite manipulation of the host behaviour increasing the parasite fitness. On the other hand, none of the parasite species affected the thermal preferences ofD. haemobaphes, including alsoC. dikerogammari, changing the behaviour ofD. villosus. Our research presents the complexity of the thermal behaviour of studied amphipods and the evidence that microsporidia may trigger a change in temperature preferendum of their host species and those observations may be the result of different host-parasite coevolution time which may vary for the two host species (Poulin, 2010).
Optimization and some characteristics of bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus sp. CM9 collected from Mauritanian Camel milk
Authors: Fatiha Dalache Zahia Benmouna, , Halima Zadi-Karam Noureddine Karam, 
Published: May 2018

The use of bacteriocin as a bioconservation is very promising in the agri-food industry to substitute the chemical preservatives. The production of bacteriocin by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) depending on various conditions, the purpose of the present work was to assess the effect of some ingredients of medium on the bacteriocin production. Twenty-four strains of LAB of the genera Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus, isolated from camel milk, were tested for antibacterial activity and bacteriocin production. Among these strains, three isolates showed bacteriocinogenic activity, two Enterococcus strains (bacteriocin CM9, bacteriocin CM18), and one Leuconostoc strain (bacteriocin CHBK310). The bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus sp CM9 was subject of optimisation study. The modified MRS with nitrogen sources in media containing tryptone, meat extract and yeast extract and with potassium sources in media containing 2% of K2HPO4 allowed higher activity with inhibition zone of 10 mm and this production remained stable at incubation temperatures from 25 to 40°C with an inhibition zone which reached 12 mm at 25°C. The diffusion of this bacteriocin in the neutrality condition, allowed a better evaluation of its inhibitory effect. The activity of the bacteriocin was not affected, neither by acidic or basic pH nor by heat treatments, its activity remaining stable even after 2 weeks at -20 and 4°C. The bacteriocin CM9 belonged to class II, had a molecular weight of 7.6 kDa. These results indicated that the growth and diffusion conditions have a role in the bacteriocin production and its activity.
Immunosuppressants and risk of Parkinson disease
Authors: Racette Brad A. , Gross Anat , Vouri Scott Martin , Camacho‐Soto Alejandra , Willis Allison W. , Searles Nielsen Susan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe performed a population‐based case–control study of United States Medicare beneficiaries age 60–90 in 2009 with prescription data (48,295 incident Parkinson disease cases and 52,324 controls) to examine the risk of Parkinson disease in relation to use of immunosuppressants. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors (relative risk = 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.79) and corticosteroids (relative risk = 0.80; 95% confidence interval 0.77–0.83) were both associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease. Inverse associations for both remained after applying a 12‐month exposure lag. Overall, this study provides evidence that use of corticosteroids and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors might lower the risk of Parkinson disease.
A Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Procedure for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ureas
Authors: Chen Bo , Peng Jin‐Bao , Ying Jun , Qi Xinxin , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas has been developed. This one‐pot one‐step cascade procedure is consisted by three individual processes: carbonylation, Curtius rearrangement, and nucleophilic addition. A series of unsymmetrical ureas were prepared from easily available aryl iodides and amines in moderate to excellent yields. This procedure provides a convenient and practical approach for unsymmetrical urea synthesis.magnified image
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management
Authors: Patnaik Mrinal M. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: May 2018

Disease overviewChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms, with an inherent risk for leukemic transformation (∼15%‐20% over 3‐5 years).DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on the presence of sustained (>3 months) peripheral blood monocytosis (≥1 × 109/L; monocytes ≥10%), along with bone marrow dysplasia. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities occur in ∼ 30% of patients, while >90% have gene mutations. Mutations involving TET2 (∼60%), SRSF2 (∼50%), ASXL1 (∼40%) and the oncogenic RAS pathway (∼30%) are frequent; while the presence of ASXL1 and DNMT3A mutations and the absence of TET2 mutations negatively impact over‐all survival.Risk stratificationMolecularly integrated prognostic models include; the Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies (GFM), Mayo Molecular Model (MMM), and the CMML specific prognostic model (CPSS‐Mol). Risk factors incorporated into the MMM include presence of nonsense or frameshift ASXL1 mutations, absolute monocyte count > 10 × 109/L, hemoglobin <10 gm/dL, platelet count <100 × 109/L and the presence of circulating immature myeloid cells. The MMM stratifies CMML patients into 4 groups; high (≥3 risk factors), intermediate‐2 (2 risk factors), intermediate‐1 (1 risk factor), and low (no risk factors), with median survivals of 16, 31, 59, and 97 months, respectively.Risk‐adapted therapyHypomethylating agents such as 5‐azacitidine and decitabine are commonly used, with overall response rates of ∼30%‐40% and complete remission rates of ∼7%‐17%; with no impact on mutational allele burdens. Allogeneic stem cell transplant is the only potentially curative option, but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Revision endoscopic sinus surgery rates by chronic rhinosinusitis subtype
Authors: Miglani Amar , Divekar Rohit D. , Azar Antoine , Rank Matthew A. , Lal Devyani 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundRevision surgery rates following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) range between 7% and 50% and are influenced by many factors. This study investigates ESS outcomes for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) subtypes.MethodsRetrospective review of adult CRS patients undergoing ESS with a single surgeon (2010‐2015) was conducted. Outcomes were analyzed by CRS subtypes.ResultsESS was performed in 424 CRS patients (CRS with nasal polyps [CRSwNP], n = 170; CRS without polyps [CRSsNP], n = 254). Most patients (309; 72.9%) could not be specifically subtyped; 115 (27.1%) were subtyped as follows: aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), n = 47 (11.1%); allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), n = 39 (9.2%); immunodeficiency, n = 21 (5.0%); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), n = 5 (1.2%); and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), n = 3 (0.7%). All subgroups experienced clinically meaningful reduction in postoperative 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores. At median follow‐up of 28 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10–47 months), 19 patients (4%) underwent revision ESS (CRSwNP, n = 6; CRSsNP, n = 13). Revision ESS rates were 3.5% and 5.1% for CRSwNP and CRSsNP, respectively. Revision ESS rate for subtypes were: AERD 2%; AFS 2%; immunodeficiency 14%; GPA 40%; EGPA 0%; and “all other CRS” 4% at median follow‐up duration of 36, 28, 41, 37, 44, and 26 months, respectively.ConclusionAll CRS subtypes demonstrated clinically meaningful improvement in postoperative SNOT‐22 scores following ESS. Our overall revision ESS rate was 4% (3.5% in CRSwNP). AFS, AERD, and EGPA groups demonstrated low revision rates, while immunodeficiency and GPA patients required more revision surgery. A contemporary understanding of CRSwNP subtypes facilitated surgical and medical strategies in improving outcomes for AERD, AFS, and EGPA patients. CRSsNP subtypes with immunodeficiency and GPA merit further investigation to optimize outcomes.
Elasticity‐Dependent Fast Underwater Adhesion Demonstrated by Macroscopic Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Ju Guannan , Cheng Mengjiao , Guo Fengli , Zhang Qian , Shi Feng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMacroscopic supramolecular assembly (MSA) is a recent development in supramolecular chemistry to associate visible building blocks through non‐covalent interactions in a multivalent manner. Although various substrates (e.g. hydrogels, rigid materials) have been used, a general design rule of building blocks in MSA systems and interpretation of the assembly mechanism are lacking and are required. Herein we design three model systems with varied elastic modulus and correlated the MSA probability with the elasticity. Based on the effects of substrate deformability on multivalency, we have proposed an elastic‐modulus‐dependent rule that building blocks below a critical modulus of 2.5 MPa can achieve MSA for the used host/guest system. Moreover, this MSA rule applies well to the design of materials for fast underwater adhesion: Soft substrates (0.5 MPa) can achieve underwater adhesion within 10 s with one order of magnitude higher strength than that of rigid substrates (2.5 MPa).
A Flexible Composite Mechanical Energy Harvester from a Ferroelectric Organoamino Phosphonium Salt
Authors: Vijayakanth Thangavel , Srivastava Anant Kumar , Ram Farsa , Kulkarni Priyangi , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Praveenkumar Balu , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA new binary organic salt diphenyl diisopropylamino phosphonium hexaflurophosphate (DPDP⋅PF6) was shown to exhibit a good ferroelectric response and employed for mechanical energy harvesting application. The phosphonium salt crystallizes in the monoclinic noncentrosymmetric space group Cc and exhibits an H‐bonded 1D chain structure due to N−H⋅⋅⋅F interactions. Ferroelectric measurements on the single crystals of DPDP⋅PF6 gave a well‐saturated rectangular hysteresis loop with a remnant (Pr) polarization value of 6 μC cm−2. Further, composite devices based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films for various weight percentages (3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 wt %) of DPDP⋅PF6 were prepared and examined for power generation by using an impact test setup. A maximum output peak‐to‐peak voltage (VPP) of 8.5 V and an output peak‐to‐peak current (IPP) of 0.5 μA was obtained for the non‐poled composite film with 10 wt % of DPDP⋅PF6. These results show the efficacy of organic ferroelectric substances as potential micropower generators.
Surgical Smoke: Putting the Pieces Together to Become Smoke‐Free
Authors: York Kim , Autry Mandy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSurgical smoke is generated when tissue vaporizes from the use of various energy‐generating devices (eg, electrosurgery units, lasers). Surgical smoke contains toxic gases and vapors that can be hazardous to patients and perioperative staff members. In addition to ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation, surgical smoke can have mutagenic potential. Although many regulatory agencies agree that surgical smoke is dangerous, they have been slow to commit to a firm standard to address the inhalation hazards related to surgical smoke. With the clear evidence supporting the need to filter surgical smoke, perioperative nurses and surgical technologists at our facility implemented a plan to protect patients and staff members. The plan included identifying and evaluating in‐house equipment and the perceived barriers to becoming smoke‐free. Perioperative personnel tested multiple smoke‐evacuating products to determine which best met the needs of our staff members and facility, and our ORs are now smoke‐free.
Characterization of 19 polymorphic SSR markers in Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) and cross‐amplification in Lemna perpusilla
Authors: Xu Nana , Hu Fanglu , Wu Jiameng , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Mengwei , Zhu Mingdong , Ke Jianwei 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyPolymorphic microsatellite primers were developed for greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae), to investigate genetic diversity and structure for application in a bioremediation program.Methods and ResultsA total of 401 publicly available S. polyrhiza whole‐genome shotgun sequences were searched for simple sequence repeat loci of two or more nucleotides. Of these, 60 primer pairs were selected to analyze 68 individuals of S. polyrhiza from three populations. Nineteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed. A total of 108 alleles were detected with an average of 5.7 alleles per locus. The levels of expected and observed heterozygosity were 0.0511–0.8669 and 0–0.8750, respectively. Ten loci also successfully amplified in 16 individuals of Lemna perpusilla.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the broad utility of these microsatellite loci for studying population genetics in S. polyrhiza.
Heart mechanical and hemodynamic parameters of a beetle, Tenebrio molitor, at selected ages
Authors: Pacholska‐Bogalska Joanna , Szymczak Monika , Marciniak Paweł , Walkowiak‐Nowicka Karolina , Rosiński Grzegorz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe physiological processes that occur during the aging of insects are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in contractile activity and hemodynamic parameters of the heart that take place as the coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor, ages. The frequency of heart contractions in beetles that had just undergone metamorphosis (median 24.7 beats/min) was significantly lower than the frequency of heart contractions in older beetles. In 56% of beetles that were < 1 week of age, a pattern of contractile activity with alternating periods of higher and lower contraction frequency was detected, suggesting that some posteclosion developmental processes occur during the first week of adulthood. All beetles that were 1 week of age showed a regular rhythm of heart contractions (median 72 beats/min). In older beetles, abnormalities such as heart arrhythmias or heart arrest were observed. The incidence of arrhythmia as well as the arrhythmicity index was highest in beetles that were 8–18 weeks old. The calculated stroke volume (SV) was also found to increase from eclosion to 12 weeks of age, and then decreased as adults aged further. Interestingly, cardiac output increased gradually, but the ejection fraction did not change significantly with age.
Brief Report: Tubulointerstitial Damage in Lupus Nephritis: A Comparison of the Factors Associated With Tubulointerstitial Inflammation and Renal Scarring
Authors: Londoño Jimenez Alejandra , Mowrey Wenzhu B. , Putterman Chaim , Buyon Jill , Goilav Beatrice , Broder Anna 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo characterize and compare the factors associated with tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) and tubulointerstitial scarring, defined as interstitial fibrosis and/or tubular atrophy (IF/TA), in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).MethodsWe identified systemic lupus erythematosus patients who had renal biopsy results consistent with LN between 2005 and 2017. Clinical data were collected from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to assess factors associated with TII and with IF/TA (moderate‐to‐severe versus none/mild).ResultsOf 203 LN patients included, 41 (20%) had moderate‐to‐severe TII, 45 (22%) had moderate‐to‐severe IF/TA, and 21 (10%) had both. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that moderate‐to‐severe TII was associated with a shorter disease duration, African American race, proliferative LN, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 at the time of biopsy. Hydroxychloroquine use was associated with significantly lower odds of moderate‐to‐severe TII (odds ratio 0.27 [95% confidence interval 0.10–0.70], P = 0.008). Similar to TII, factors associated with moderate‐to‐severe IF/TA included proliferative LN and eGFR <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 at the time of biopsy. In addition, the presence of moderate‐to‐severe TII and older age was associated with moderate‐to‐severe IF/TA. None of the routinely available serologic markers—including anti–double‐stranded DNA antibodies, anti‐Ro/La antibodies, and low complement—were associated with tubulointerstitial damage.ConclusionThe use of hydroxychloroquine was strongly associated with less inflammation, while the presence of TII, proliferative LN, and low eGFR were major determinants of tubulointerstitial scarring. Identifying modifiable factors is critical for the development of better preventive and therapeutic strategies with the goal of improving survival in patients with lupus‐related kidney disease.