bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polyethylene glycol/quartz composites for phase change materials
Authors: Fauziyah Nur Aini , Hilmi Allif Rosyidy , Zainuri Mochamad , Asrori Mohamad Zainul , Mashuri Mashuri , Jawaid Mohammad , Pratapa Suminar 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPolyethylene glycol (PEG)/quartz (denoted as BP/Q) composites have been investigated as candidates of phase change materials (PCMs) due to their thermomechanical properties around the glass transition temperature as well as thermal properties between 30 and 600 °C. Quartz (q‐SiO2) powders were extracted from local sand in Tanah Laut, Pelaihari, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The composites were prepared by dispersing q‐SiO2 powders in the PEG matrix followed by the wet mixing process. The thermal properties of the composites were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the thermomechanical properties were examined using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) in a three‐point bending mode around the PEG glass transition temperature range (−100–50°C). The morphology and interface bonding were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the DSC measurement, the endothermic peak of the composites showed a shift of approximately 7–12 °C toward higher temperatures than that of the pure polymer. The melting enthalpy values (ΔHm) of the BP/Q composites covered the required PCM application range, that is, between 139 and 182 J/g. The TGA of the composites showed that thermal degradation occurs in the range of 250–450 °C. We found that solid–solid PCMs (ssPCMs) were successfully fabricated with the addition of 10 and 20 wt% q‐SiO2. From DMA characterization, the BP/Q 20 wt% composite exhibited the maximum E’ and the minimum energy dissipation (E”). Its E’ value was approximately 250 MPa more than that of the pure PEG. The glass transition (Tg) temperatures of PEG and BP/Q composites (5, 10, and 20 wt%) were around −24.5, −19.1, −17.1, and − 5.3 °C, respectively. In addition, the E” and tan δ values decreased with q‐SiO2 filler content. Furthermore, the Cole‐Cole plots of the BP/Q composites revealed a better interfacial bonding between the q‐SiO2 and the PEG matrix in the composites with higher silica content. A compact morphology was shown by the BP/Q 20 wt% composite due to high silica concentration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48130.
Development of EST‐SSR markers in Saxifraga sinomontana (Saxifragaceae) and cross‐amplification in three related species
Authors: Li Yan , Jia Liu‐Kun , Zhang Fa‐Qi , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Chen Shi‐Long , Gao Qing‐Bo 
Published: June 2019

PremiseSaxifraga sinomontana (Saxifragaceae) is a widespread alpine species in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and its flanking mountains. We developed a set of expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers to investigate the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the species.Methods and ResultsWe initially designed 50 EST‐SSR markers based on transcriptome data of S. sinomontana. Nineteen of 50 loci (38%) were successfully amplified, 13 of which were polymorphic. These were tested on 71 individuals from four populations. Three to 18 alleles per locus were detected, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.2817 to 0.9155 and 0.2585 to 0.8495, respectively. In addition, cross‐amplification was successful for all 13 loci in three congeneric species, S. tangutica, S. heleonastes, and S. congestiflora.ConclusionsThese EST‐SSR markers will be useful for studying the genetic diversity of S. sinomontana and disentangling the phylogenetic relationships of related species.
Extrem leichte Brücke aus vorgespanntem Carbonbeton
Authors: Sydow Antje , Kurath Josef , Steiner Philipp 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften ZHAW in Winterthur/Schweiz wurden sehr dünne, leistungsfähige Betonplatten entwickelt: der Beton ist – in vier oder mehr Lagen und orthogonal – ausschließlich mit vorgespanntem Carbon bewehrt. Diese Betonplatten werden als Halbzeuge in drei Standardstärken und in großen Formaten industriell hergestellt, projektspezifisch zugeschnitten und individuell bearbeitet. Eingesetzt werden sie unter anderem als Konstruktionselemente für sehr leichte und nachhaltige Brücken für den Langsamverkehr. Die erste Brücke dieses Typs wird in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt; sie überquert seit Oktober 2016 in Winterthur die Eulach.Die Brücke hat bei einer Spannweite von 7,60 m und einer lichten Weite von 2,16 m ein Gewicht von ca. 3200 kg. Bezogen auf die Nutzfläche (ca. 190 kg/m2) entspricht das dem Gewicht einer leichten Stahlbrücke. Eine konventionelle Stahlbetonbrücke wäre rund vier‐ bis fünfmal schwerer geworden. Der innovative Baustoff und die Konstruktion der Eulachbrücke reduzierten den Ressourcenverbrauch signifikant, etwa um den Faktor 5.
Großformatige Sandwichelemente mit Deckschichten aus Textilbeton
Authors: von der Heid Ann‐Christine , Grebe Reiner , Will Norbert , Hegger Josef 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren wurden in Deutschland die energetischen Anforderungen an die Gebäudehüllen sukzessive verschärft. Für konventionell errichtete Gebäude mit kerngedämmten Sandwichelementen mit Deckschichten aus Stahlbeton bedeutet dies eine kontinuierliche Vergrößerung der Außenwandstärken. Um auch in Zukunft nicht auf die wirtschaftliche Sandwichbauweise verzichten zu müssen, wurden im Zuge eines Forschungsvorhabens großformatige, leichte und energieeffiziente Elemente entwickelt. Das Untersuchungsziel war die praxistaugliche Herstellung von schlanken, großformatigen Sandwichelementen, deren Deckschichten aus 30 mm dünnen Textilbetonschalen bestehen. Dieser innovative Verbundwerkstoff ermöglicht schlanke Bauteile mit gleichzeitig hoher Tragfähigkeit.Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden der Aufbau der Elemente, die Herstellung von großformatigen Prüfkörpern sowie erste Versuchsergebnisse präsentiert.
Left‐sided phrenic nerve injury during redo pulmonary vein isolation long after a previous contralateral self‐limiting phrenic nerve palsy
Authors: Kis Zsuzsanna , Noten Anna Maria Elisabeth , Wijchers Sip , Bhagwandien Rohit , Szili‐Torok Tamas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a unique case of a left‐sided phrenic nerve injury (PNI) long after a previous contralateral PNI following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures. Firstly, right‐sided PNI after cryoballoon ablation, and secondly a left‐sided PNI was observed following a redo PVI extended with box‐lesion and left atrial appendage isolation (LAAI).
Slight brightness and osteosclerotic changes of bones on plain X‐ray could be clues to the diagnosis of disseminated carcinomatosis of bone marrow
Authors: Tago Masaki , Tokushima Yoshinori , Oie Satsuki , Yamashita Shu‐ichi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClinicians should be alert to the presence of slight brightness and osteosclerotic changes of bones on plain X‐rays, especially in patients without a history of gastric, colon, breast, lung, or prostate cancers, which could lead to the diagnosis of disseminated carcinomatosis of bone marrow.
Efficient and Practical Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Simple Bidentate Mn−NHC Complex
Authors: van Putten Robbert , Benschop Joeri , de Munck Vincent J. , Weber Manuela , Müller Christian , Filonenko Georgy A. , Pidko Evgeny A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCatalytic reductions of carbonyl‐containing compounds are highly important for the safe, sustainable, and economical production of alcohols. Herein, we report on the efficient transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by a highly potent Mn(I)−NHC complex. Mn−NHC 1 is practical at metal concentrations as low as 75 ppm, thus approaching loadings more conventionally reserved for noble metal based systems. With these low Mn concentrations, catalyst deactivation is found to be highly temperature dependent and becomes especially prominent at increased reaction temperature. Ultimately, understanding of deactivation pathways could help close the activity/stability‐gap with Ru and Ir catalysts towards the practical implementation of sustainable earth‐abundant Mn‐complexes.
Fouling Detection in an Optically Accessible Microstructured Heat Exchanger
Authors: Spiegel Christoph , Kraut Manfred , Rabsch Georg , Küsters Christof , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe application of highly effective microstructured devices in continuous production and industrial environments is frequently prone to fouling. A new method is presented to characterize fouling in these microstructures. Thermal fouling of aqueous solutions containing whey protein were used as a test system. Different fouling effects could be observed and distinguished. Integral fouling indicators, such as thermal fouling resistance and pressure drop, as conventional criteria for the occurrence of fouling were compared with direct local optical observation. Low thermal fouling resistances could be detected.
Keramische Membranen: Materialien – Bauteile – potenzielle Anwendungen
Authors: Meulenberg Wilhelm A. , Schulze‐Küppers Falk , Deibert Wendelin , Van Gestel Tim , Baumann Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKeramische Membranen lassen sich in dichte und poröse Membranen unterteilen. Die Materialien, Mikrostruktur und Herstellungswege werden beschrieben und Einblicke in aktuelle Forschungsthemen gegeben. Durch Anpassung der Materialeigenschaften und maßgeschneiderte Mikrostrukturen lassen sich für eine Vielzahl von Prozessen geeignete Membranen und Komponenten entwickeln. Bei der Anwendung kann zwischen der reinen Gastrennung und Membranreaktoren unterschieden werden. Bei Letzteren findet zusätzlich zur Gastrennung eine chemische Reaktion auf einer oder beiden Seiten der Membran statt. Membranreaktoren können zur Herstellung von Basischemikalien oder synthetischen Kraftstoffen genutzt werden. Die Bereitstellung von Gasen kann für Kraftwerke, Zement‐, Stahl‐, oder Glaswerke sowie für den medizinischen Sektor oder für mobile Anwendungen von Interesse sein.
Substituted Aminoacetamides as Novel Leads for Malaria Treatment
Authors: Norcross Neil R. , Wilson Caroline , Baragaña Beatriz , Hallyburton Irene , Osuna‐Cabello Maria , Norval Suzanne , Riley Jennifer , Fletcher Daniel , Sinden Robert , Delves Michael , Ruecker Andrea , Duffy Sandra , Meister Stephan , Antonova‐Koch Yevgeniya , Crespo Benigno , de Cózar Cristina , Sanz Laura M. , Gamo Francisco Javier , Avery Vicky M. , Frearson Julie A. , Gray David W. , Fairlamb Alan H. , Winzeler Elizabeth A. , Waterson David , Campbell Simon F. , Willis Paul A. , Read Kevin D. , Gilbert Ian H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein we describe the optimization of a phenotypic hit against Plasmodium falciparum based on an aminoacetamide scaffold. This led to N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐methyl‐2‐{[4‐methyl‐3‐(morpholinosulfonyl)phenyl]amino}propanamide (compound 28) with low‐nanomolar activity against the intraerythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite, and which was found to be inactive in a mammalian cell counter‐screen up to 25 μm. Inhibition of gametes in the dual gamete activation assay suggests that this family of compounds may also have transmission blocking capabilities. Whilst we were unable to optimize the aqueous solubility and microsomal stability to a point at which the aminoacetamides would be suitable for in vivo pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies, compound 28 displayed excellent antimalarial potency and selectivity; it could therefore serve as a suitable chemical tool for drug target identification.
Muscles of Breathing: Development, Function, and Patterns of Activation
Authors: Pilarski Jason Q. , Leiter James C. , Fregosi Ralph F. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThis review is a comprehensive description of all muscles that assist lung inflation or deflation in any way. The developmental origin, anatomical orientation, mechanical action, innervation, and pattern of activation are described for each respiratory muscle fulfilling this broad definition. In addition, the circumstances in which each muscle is called upon to assist ventilation are discussed. The number of “respiratory” muscles is large, and the coordination of respiratory muscles with “nonrespiratory” muscles and in nonrespiratory activities is complex—commensurate with the diversity of activities that humans pursue, including sleep (8.27). The capacity for speech and adoption of the bipedal posture in human evolution has resulted in patterns of respiratory muscle activation that differ significantly from most other animals. A disproportionate number of respiratory muscles affect the nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx, reflecting the vital importance of coordinated muscle activity to control upper airway patency during both wakefulness and sleep. The upright posture has freed the hands from locomotor functions, but the evolutionary history and ontogeny of forelimb muscles pervades the patterns of activation and the forces generated by these muscles during breathing. The distinction between respiratory and nonrespiratory muscles is artificial, as many “nonrespiratory” muscles can augment breathing under conditions of high ventilator demand. Understanding the ontogeny, innervation, activation patterns, and functions of respiratory muscles is clinically useful, particularly in sleep medicine. Detailed explorations of how the nervous system controls the multiple muscles required for successful completion of respiratory behaviors will continue to be a fruitful area of investigation. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:1025‐1080, 2019.
Pulmonary Vascular Dynamics
Authors: Clark Alys , Tawhai Merryn 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the systemic veins through the pulmonary arteries to be oxygenated in the capillaries that line the walls of the pulmonary alveoli. The pulmonary circulation carries the cardiac output with a relatively low driving pressure, and so differs considerably in structure and function from the systemic circulation to maintain a low‐resistance vascular system. The pulmonary circulation is often considered to be a quasi‐static system in both experimental and computational studies of pulmonary perfusion and its matching to ventilation (air flow) for exchange. However, the system is highly dynamic, with cardiac output and regional perfusion changing with posture, exercise, and over time. Here we review this dynamic system, with a focus on understanding the physiology of pulmonary vascular dynamics across spatial and temporal scales, and the changes to these dynamics that are reflective of disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:1081‐1100, 2019.
Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Endothelial Cell Calcium Signaling
Authors: Thakore Pratish , Earley Scott 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe vascular endothelium is a broadly distributed and highly specialized organ. The endothelium has a number of functions including the control of blood vessels diameter through the production and release of potent vasoactive substances or direct electrical communication with underlying smooth muscle cells, regulates the permeability of the vascular barrier, stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, and influences inflammatory and thrombotic processes. Endothelial cells that make up the endothelium express a variety of cell‐surface receptors and ion channels on the plasma membrane that are capable of detecting circulating hormones, neurotransmitters, oxygen tension, and shear stress across the vascular wall. Changes in these stimuli activate signaling cascades that initiate an appropriate physiological response. Increases in the global intracellular Ca2+concentration and localized Ca2+signals that occur within specialized subcellular microdomains are fundamentally important components of many signaling pathways in the endothelium. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of cation‐permeable ion channels that act as a primary means of increasing cytosolic Ca2+in endothelial cells. Consequently, TRP channels are vitally important for the major functions of the endothelium. In this review, we provide an in‐depth discussion of Ca2+‐permeable TRP channels in the endothelium and their role in vascular regulation. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:1249‐1277, 2019.
Tissue Engineering of the Microvasculature
Authors: Tien Joe 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe ability to generate new microvessels in desired numbers and at desired locations has been a long‐sought goal in vascular medicine, engineering, and biology. Historically, the need to revascularize ischemic tissues nonsurgically (so‐called therapeutic vascularization) served as the main driving force for the development of new methods of vascular growth. More recently, vascularization of engineered tissues and the generation of vascularized microphysiological systems have provided additional targets for these methods, and have required adaptation of therapeutic vascularization to biomaterial scaffolds and to microscale devices. Three complementary strategies have been investigated to engineer microvasculature: angiogenesis (the sprouting of existing vessels), vasculogenesis (the coalescence of adult or progenitor cells into vessels), and microfluidics (the vascularization of scaffolds that possess the open geometry of microvascular networks). Over the past several decades, vascularization techniques have grown tremendously in sophistication, from the crude implantation of arteries into myocardial tunnels by Vineberg in the 1940s, to the current use of micropatterning techniques to control the exact shape and placement of vessels within a scaffold. This review provides a broad historical view of methods to engineer the microvasculature, and offers a common framework for organizing and analyzing the numerous studies in this area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:1155‐1212, 2019.
Schubversuche an hochwärmedämmendem Ziegelmauerwerk mit Dünnbettmörtel
Authors: Schermer Detleff , Meyer Udo Joachim , Lutman Marjana , Triller Petra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a series of 6 shear tests on full scale highly thermal insulating clay unit masonry walls. The walls consisted of units with large voids filled with mineral wool with a thermal conductivity of λ = 0,07 W/(m · K).The aim of the investigations was the verification of the in‐plane‐shear resistance of this type of thermal insulating clay unit masonry in addition to the tests reported in [1].The current design rules for clay unit masonry in DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA are rather conservative compared to the test results for thermal insulating units.
Climate and disturbance influence self‐sustaining stand dynamics of aspen (Populus tremuloides) near its range margin
Authors: Shinneman Douglas J. , McIlroy Susan K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpecies that are primarily seral may form stable (self‐sustaining) communities under certain disturbance regimes or environmental conditions, yet such populations may also be particularly vulnerable to ecological change. Aspen (Populusspp.) are generally considered seral throughout the Northern Hemisphere, includingP. tremuloides, the most widely distributed tree species in North America. Recent declines in aspen populations have occurred, especially along drought‐sensitive margins of its range and where fire exclusion and herbivory have promoted community transition. However, aspen also forms stable stands, and examination of the mechanisms that influence persistence can offer conservation insights, especially where populations are vulnerable to changing climate or altered disturbance dynamics. We sampled tree age and stand characteristics of isolated aspen forests in the arid Great Basin (USA) to determine if (1) aspen communities are more fire‐dependent and seral or fire‐independent and stable; (2) ungulate browsing inhibits aspen stability; and (3) temporal patterns of vegetative reproduction (i.e., ramet establishment or “suckering”) are correlated with climate. Aspen size and age class densities strongly fit negative exponential distributions, whether grouped geographically or by functional type, suggesting landscape‐scale persistence. Continuous age distributions and high proportions of recruitment‐sized to overstory trees suggest stability at stand scales, with exceptions including stands with higher browsing pressure. Few stands had evidence of fire, and relationships between dead tree size and variability in live tree size suggest a lack of fire dependency. Several 5‐yr averaged climate variables and one sea surface temperature index were correlated with aspen ramet establishment densities over time, with strongest relationships occurring ~5 yr prior to establishment year, often followed by inverse relationships ~1 yr after. Indeed, aspen establishment density for a recent 41‐yr period was reliably reconstructed using antecedent climate conditions derived from a single drought index. Temporally synchronized aspen ramet establishment across the study region may be due to climate‐driven storage of nonstructural carbohydrate reserves in clonal root systems later used for regeneration. Complex regeneration dynamics of these self‐sustaining aspen stands, especially sensitivity to climate variability, suggest they may serve as harbingers of ecological change in the arid Great Basin and in other aspen populations near their range margin.
Spatiotemporal variation in the sign and magnitude of ecosystem engineer effects on lake ecosystem production
Authors: Phillips Joseph S. , McCormick Amanda R. , Einarsson Árni , Grover Shannon N. , Ives Anthony R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEcosystem engineers can have diverse and conflicting effects on their ecosystems, and the balance between these effects can depend on the physical environment. This context dependence means that environmental variation can produce large differences in engineer effects through space and time. Here, we explore how local variability in environmental conditions can lead to large spatiotemporal variation in the effect of tube‐building midges on benthic ecosystem metabolism in a shallow subarctic lake. Using field experiments, we found that midge engineering increases both gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (RESP) in the sediment. Gross primary production and RESP have opposing influences on net ecosystem production, and the net effect of midges on the benthic ecosystem depends on the balance between their effects on GPP and RESP. Variation in light mediates this balance—under high light conditions, primary producers are able to exploit the structural benefits provided by midges, while in the dark, the elevation of respiration from midge engineering predominates. Benthic light levels vary spatially and temporally due to episodic cyanobacterial blooms that prevent almost all light from reaching the benthos. By quantifying the nonlinear relationship between midge engineering and light, we were able to project ecosystem‐wide consequences of natural variation in light conditions across the lake. Our results illustrate how the sign and magnitude of ecosystem‐wide effects of ecosystem engineers can vary through space and time.