bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using The Interactive Graphic Syllabus In The Teaching Of Economics
Authors: Moosavian Seyyed Ali Zeytoon Nejad 
Published: February 2019

Syllabus is essentially a concise outline of a course of study, and conventionally a text document. In the past few decades, however, two novel variations of syllabus have emerged, namely “the Graphic Syllabus” and “the Interactive Syllabus”. Each of these two variations of syllabus has its own special advantages. The present paper argues that there could be devised a new combined version of the two mentioned variations, called “the Interactive Graphic Syllabus”, which can potentially bring us the advantages of both at the same time. Specifically, using a well-designed Interactive Graphic syllabus can bring about many advantages such as clarifying complex relationships; causing a better retention; needing less cognitive energy for interpretation; helping instructors identify any snags in their course organization; capability of being integrated easily into a course management system; appealing to many of learning styles and engaging students with different learning styles. In addition to the introduction of the notion of the Interactive Graphic Syllabus, in order to put this idea into action in the context of economics, the present paper takes advantage of the visual “big picture” of intermediate macroeconomics that has already been proposed by Moosavian (2016a). The present paper describes a web-page that contains a web-based interactive graphic of the aforementioned macroeconomics visual “big picture”. It is argued that this graphic can be used as a cyber-resource to technologically support the above-mentioned visual “big picture”, which comprises twenty-seven interrelated macroeconomic diagrams, and gives some details on the types of their relationships. Furthermore, it provides numerous internet links to other relevant instructional resources offered by well-known universities, allowing the students to somehow zoom in the macroeconomics “big picture”. Moreover, this web-page provides roughly one hundred links to short instructional videos. More interestingly, it responds interactively, if one hovers over a particular diagram, by highlighting the routes through which the final macroeconomic general equilibrium is affected by any change in that particular diagram. The interactive graphic went online on 10/30/2015 at the URL http://zeytoonnejad.com/macrobigpic.aspx and is still under minor modification.
Finding The Beta For A Portfolio Isn't Obvious: An Educational Example
Authors: Chong James , Jennings William P. , Phillips G. Michael 
Published: February 2019

When a portfolio is not actively managed to maintain a fixed investment percentage in each asset but rather maintains a fixed number of shares for each asset, the portfolio weights will change over time because the market returns of the different assets will not be the same. Consequently, portfolio betas computed as a linear combination of asset betas, which is the usual practice, will be different from betas computed using regression techniques on portfolio returns as is done when evaluating individual assets and mutual funds. The alternative approaches can result in quite different beta statistics and, consequently, inconsistent decisions depending on which method is used.
Teaching The Bid-Ask Spread And Triangular Arbitrage For The Foreign Exchange Market
Authors: Chen Jeng-Hong 
Published: February 2019

The foreign exchange (FX) market is an important chapter in international finance. Understanding the market microstructure is critical for learning the FX market. To assist students better understand the FX market microstructure, an instructor can use an event study with minute-by-minute quote data provided in the Excel assignment, asking students to investigate the impact of an event on the bid-ask spread and triangular arbitrage opportunities. This pedagogical paper provides two examples of making the Excel assignment for reference.
Investigation Of Obesity-Related Mortality Rates In Delaware
Authors: D’Souza Malcolm J. , Wentzien Derald E. , Bautista Riza C. , Gross Catherine C. 
Published: February 2019

As Delaware’s adult obesity crisis continues to be a leading public health concern, we evaluated Delaware’s 1999–2014 vital records to examine the association between obesity and mortality. We used the Delaware population death records from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER database and the Delaware Health Statistics Center (DHSC). Together with the vital records, we incorporated Microsoft Excel, SAS (Statistical Analysis System) and GIS (geographic information system) tools to analyze obesity influences from county residence, economic status, education, gender, and race. Using the 15-year (1999–2014) time span with the CDC WONDER database, we observed a statistically significant 28.7% increase in the age-adjusted Delaware obesity-related mortality rates (where obesity was a contributory factor). Furthermore, obesity influenced death counts in all three Delaware counties (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). Kent County experienced the largest increase (66.0%), followed by New Castle County (47.4%), and Sussex County (25.2%). The DHSC mortality rates for all leading causes of death from 2000 to 2011 indicated relatively stable mortality rates for Delaware. However, using CDC WONDER data, the Delaware mortality rate for obesity as a single underlying cause in 2011 was 56.9% higher than mortality rate in 2000.
Política Agraria y Desarrollo Rural en Cuba
Authors: Bequer Maritza de la C. McCormack 
Published: February 2019

Cuba, país eminentemente agrícola, donde se estructura la propiedad sobre la tierra en tres formas fundamentales, la propiedad estatal, cooperativa y de los agricultores pequeños.
Es el Ministerio de la Agricultura el Organismo de la Administración Central del Estado, el encargado de trazar la política agraria del país, y con ella la estructuración del desarrollo rural de Cuba. Aproximadamente más del 82% de toda la tierra cultivable del país, es propiedad estatal, sin embargo, los que más aportan a la economía son las otras dos formas de propiedad, no obstante no se ha logrado cubrir las necesidades de alimentos de toda la población, siendo indispensable establecer políticas públicas por parte del Estado que contribuyan al desarrollo rural, la producción y consecuentemente la comercialización agrícola.
Es por ello que el establecimiento de la concesión de la tierra estatal en usufructo ha personas naturales y jurídicas, ha constituido una de las formas que se han encontrado, como políticas públicas, para poner a producir grandes extensiones de tierras en beneficio personal y colectivo para alcanzar una soberanía y seguridad alimentaria.
Os Requisitos e os Limites para Aplicação das Medidas Coercitivas sob a Luz do Art. 139, IV, do Código de Processo Civil
Authors: Netto José Laurindo de Souza 
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo pretende estabelecer os requisitos para aplicação das medidas coercitivas do art. 139, inc. IV, do Código de Processo Civil e, por consectário, indicar os possíveis tipos de medidas atípicas aplicáveis no processo de execução. Ainda, tem como propósito delinear a evolução da jurisdição, com o escopo de fazer uma relação com a atuação do poder jurisdicional e os limites das medidas coercitivas. Além disso, busca analisar o conflito entre normas à luz do art. 489, §2º, do Diploma Processual Civil, a fim de verificar a subsistência da norma conflitante. E por fim, pretende-se explicitar acerca da ponderação no caso de colisão entre princípios e, por corolário, apresentar uma solução adequada à colisão entre eles.
A partir desses ideários, destaca-se que o artigo realizado foi desenvolvido pelo método de revisão bibliográfica, combinado com o ordenamento jurídico pátrio e com decisões emanadas do Poder Judiciário.
Habilidades gerenciales en mujeres comerciantes cabeza de hogar y economía familiar
Authors: Cassab Martínez Patricia M. , Mayorca Beltrán Dolly Yamile 
Published: February 2019

Rev.esc.adm.neg
El presente artículo de investigación, describe las habilidades gerenciales que las mujeres comerciantes cabeza de hogar adquieren en sus actividades comerciales, por medio de experiencias propias y capacitaciones de las marcas que representan. Tiene como objetivo identificar las habilidades gerenciales y comerciales que desarrollan y su incidencia en la economía familiar; para ello, se aplicó el método descriptivo, analizando el comportamiento de la población sujeta de la investigación. Luego de la tabulación y análisis de datos, los resultados de la investigación muestran las habilidades conceptuales, técnicas y humanas desarrolladas por las mujeres cabeza de hogar en el desempeño de sus actividades comerciales, caracterizadas por la automotivación, liderazgo, buenas relaciones interpersonales y capacitaciones frecuentes.
Aortocaval compression resulting in sudden loss of consciousness and severe bradycardia and hypotension during cesarean section in a patient with subvalvular aortic stenosis
Authors: Chen Shouming , Wu Lan , Jiang Xiaoqin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Maternal cardiac arrest during cesarean section (CS) is an extremely rare but devastating complication. Preventing emergency events from developing into maternal cardiac arrest is one of the most challenging clinical scenarios.
Case presentation: A 35-year-old pregnant woman with subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) who was scheduled for elective CS under epidural anesthesia, and experienced devastating supine hypotensive syndrome, but was successfully resuscitated after delivery.
Conclusions: The performance of tilt position strictly or high-quality continue manual left uterine displacement (LUD) should be performed until the fetus is delivered, otherwise timely delivery of the fetus may be the best way to optimize the deadly condition.
Keywords: Subvalvular aortic stenosis, Pregnancy, Cesarean section, Hypotension.
Cervical myeloradiculopathy with Hypoglossal Schwannoma mimicking Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a Case report
Authors: Ambawatte Sathyajith Buddhika , Weerathunga Dulmini , Dissanayake Athula , Somarathne Surangi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: A presentation of upper motor and lower motor clinical signs without sensory impairment may suggest Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, especially when it involves limbs and bulbar regions. However, co-existence of two or more unrelated pathologies can give rise to a clinical picture similar to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Case presentation: A 45 year old lady presented with slowly progressive right upper limb weakness for 6 months and mild left upper limb weakness for 2 months associated with muscle twitching. Her family members have noticed a change in character of her speech for few weeks. She couldn’t recall a radicular pain at any given time. On examination, her right deltoid was wasted with numerous fasciculations over right proximal muscles. Right shoulder movements were weak. Her left deltoid was slightly wasted and fasciculations were appreciated. Her both biceps and supinator jerks were normal with exaggerated triceps jerks and positive Hoffman sign. Sensory and proprioception examinations were unremarkable. Both lower limbs were hypertonic with exaggerated knee and ankle jerks. Ankle clonus was absent and plantar responses were equivocal. Her tongue was deviated to right side with fascicuations and wasting of right side. Palatal movements and Jaw jerk were normal. She was clinically diagnosed as possible amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Electromyography showed denervation changes in deltoids and biceps with right predominance and right genioglossus muscle too showed denervation changes. Magnetic resonant imaging of brain stem was undertaken especially because her tongue wasting and fasciculations were unilateral and it showed a right sided hypoglossal schwannoma. Magnetic resonant imaging of cervical spine revealed degenerative disk disease with mild cord compression and exit foramina narrowing at multiple levels.
Conclusions: Pure motor symptoms with a mixture of upper motor and lower motor signs may suggest a clinical diagnosis of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, when there are rare manifestations of a relatively common disease, such as unilateral tongue involvement as in the above scenario, a higher degree of clinical suspicion is needed to think of a dual pathology.
Keywords: Hypoglossal schwannoma, cervical myeloradiculopathy, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dual pathology.
Body mass index is a risk factor for hemorrhagic transformation in older ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis: a single center retrospective study
Authors: Miao Changqing , Yin Xiaoyan , Mu Chunying , Qu Yan , Luo Guogang , Zhang Yurong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of our study was to determine whether body mass index is a predictor of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted to recruit 261 participants from a single center in China (67.0% males, median age 65 years). A head computed tomography scan was performed after 24 hours to evaluate hemorrhagic transformation occurrence, and a computed tomography scan was performed immediately in cases of clinical worsening. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between risk factors and hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.
Results: Of 261 patients, 40 (15.3%) developed hemorrhagic transformation (55% males, median age 70 years). Body mass index was higher in patients with hemorrhagic transformation than in patients without hemorrhagic transformation (25.7 vs 23.7; P value, 0.013). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that body mass index was an independent predictor of hemorrhagic transformation in patients aged ≥ 73 years (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.49) but not in patients aged < 73 years (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.18). In addition, the odds ratio was 5.16 (95% confidence interval, 2.21-12.04) when the body mass index was ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared to a body mass index < 25 kg/m2.
Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that body mass index was an independent predictor of hemorrhagic transformation in older acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis.
Keywords: Body mass index, Hemorrhagic transformation, Intravenous thrombolysis, Ischemic stroke, Older patients.
Clinical, Neuroimaging, Biochemical, and Genetic Features in Cases of Chinese Patients with Adrenomyeloneuropathy
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Hongfen , He Zizi , Wang Xiangqing , Tang Jing , Huang Dehui 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare neurogenetic disease,adrenomyeloneuropathy is the most common adult phenotype, such patients in China have not gotten enough attention.This article aims to study the features of AMN in Chinese patients and expand the gene spectrum of Chinese X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) patients.
Methods: We applied clinical analysis, radiology, plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and genetic analysis to test the 6 Chinese AMN patients.
Results: All 6 patients are men. Ages of neurological symptom onset distributed between 21 and 38. Sexual dysfunction occurred in 5 of 6 patients. Three patients had positive family history. Five patients had Addison's disease. Four patients were diagnosed as pure AMN, the other two patients with cerebral involvement. Four patients have abnormalities of nerve conduction studies. There are four patients with central conduction defects in somatosensory evoked potential tests. All 6 patients found diffuse cord atrophy in spinal MRI. Brain MRI showed abnormal signals in 2 of the 6 tested patients, which indicated the clinical phenotypes. Plasma levels of VLCFA, as well as C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 ratios were elevated in 5 tested patients. Five different ABCD1 mutations were identified in 5 tested patients, one of which was a de novo mutation, and the other four have been reported previously.
Conclusion: This research described the clinical, neuroimaging, biochemical, and genetic sides of Chinese AMN patients. A de novo mutation in the ABCD1 gene sequence was identified. Mental stimulation may trigger or aggravate the development of cerebral demyelination in AMN patients. Regular evaluation of brain MRI is important for AMN patients, especially for ‘pure AMN’ patients. When encountering patients with ‘myeloneuropathy-only’, neurologists should not ignore the tests of VLCFA or/and the ABCD1 gene.
Keywords: Adrenomyeloneuropathy, Addison disease, Spastic paraparesis, Very long chain fatty acid, ABCD1.
Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Pediatric Patients: Causes, Characteristics, and Outcomes
Authors: Guo Rui , Fan Chaofeng , Chen Ruiqi , Yu Zhiyuan , Tian Rui , You Chao , Ma Lu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Primary intraventricular hemorrhage is a rare type of stroke and little is known its causes, characteristics and outcomes in children.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients aged one month to 21 years during seven consecutive years with primary intraventricular hemorrhage. Primary intraventricular hemorrhage was defined as bleeding confined to the ventricular system without parenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage involved.
Results: Of the included eighteen patients, 55.6% were female, and the mean age was 13.8 ± 6.0 years. The most common symptoms on presentation were headache (77.8%) and vomiting (33.3%). Fifteen patients (83.3%) were diagnosed with known etiologies, including arteriovenous malformations (66.7%), Moyamoya disease (11.1%), and aneurysms (5.6%). Idiopathic PIVH was diagnosed in only 3 patients (16.7%). Fifteen patients (83.3%) underwent surgical intervention, and 3 patients (16.7%) received conservative treatment. Four patients (28.6%) had an unfavorable outcome at discharge and unfavorable was observed in 3 patients (16.7%) at the 3-month follow-up. Higher Graeb score was associated with an unfavorable outcome both in short-time and long-time follow-up.
Conclusions: Most primary intraventricular hemorrhage patients were diagnosed with arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population. Specific surgical treatment of underlying etiologies should be required to increase clinical improvement. The children with higher Graeb score at admission tended to have poor early and late outcome.
Keywords: Primary intraventricular hemorrhage; pediatric; surgery; vascular disorders.
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Mild Ischemic Stroke Patients: Higher ABCD2 Score Associated with Better Outcome
Authors: Li Runnan , Han Chunyan , Cai Xiuying , Kong Yan , Zhang Lulu , Lu Zhengyang , Liu Xueyun , Fang Qi , Zhu Juehua 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Up to 30% of patients with mild ischemic stroke suffer neurologic deterioration. However, optimal medical approaches of such patients remain controversial given the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether patients with acute mild stroke stratified with ABCD2 score (the risk of stroke on basis of age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of symptoms, and presence of diabetes mellitus) could benefit from IVT.
Methods: Among 3321 patients with a final diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, we retrospectively included 227 patients identified with acute mild neurologic deficits (National Institution of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS ≤5) treated with or without IVT. Odds ratios (OR) with their confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes between groups were assessed by using multivariable binary logistic regression analyses. And the heterogeneity of treatment effect magnitude for excellent outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-1) was estimated in different subgroups.
Results: A total of 227 cases were enrolled, 108 receiving IVT and 119 treated with secondary stroke prevention strategies alone. Patients receiving IVT had more history of atrial fibrillation. At 7 days, 32 (29.6%) patients with IVT treatment versus 17 (14.3%) patients not receiving IVT achieved significant improvement (≥4-point NIHSS score decrease; OR, 2.57; 95%CI, 1.29-5.12; P=0.007). At 90 days, excellent outcome was achieved in 85 (78.7%) patients treated with IVT versus 78 (65.5%) patients without IVT treatment (OR: 2.95; 95% CI, 1.44-6.03; P=0.003), especially in those with ABCD2 score≥4 (78.4% versus 64.6%; OR, 2.81; 95%CI, 1.31-6.03; P=0.008). Besides, 7(6.5%) IVT-treated patients versus 2 (1.7%) non-IVT-treated patients developed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; OR, 4.05; 95%CI, 0.82-19.96; P=0.085), among these only 1 (0.9%) was symptomatic ICH with IVT treatment.
Conclusions: For acute mild ischemic stroke patients, we reassured the safety and especially the efficacy of IVT at 7- and 90-days. Patients with 4 or more of ABCD2 score might benefit more from IVT.
Keywords: Prognosis, risk scores, stroke, intravenous thrombolysis.
Analisis Koping dan Pertumbuhan Pasca-trauma pada Masyarakat Terpapar Konflik
Authors: Mawarpury Marty 
Published: February 2019

Prolonged conflict in Aceh has caused trauma in people who were directly affected. Aside from post-traumatic disorder, a traumatic event can bring out post-traumatic growth (PTG) too. PTG is a positive transformation that is resulted from an adap­tation process of traumatic events in life. This study aimed to examine the relation­ship between coping and PTG. There were 55 respondents involved in this study, who were obtained by using purposive sampling technique. The sample criteria were those experiencing by themselves certain events during the conflict, men and women over 20 years old, able to read and write, and willing to be respondents for the study. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (α = .88) and Ways of Coping Questionnaire (α= .89). The data were analyzed with the Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The analysis results showed a significant correlation between post-traumatic growth and coping (r = .523; p &lt; .01). In addition, coping ways that correlated with post-traumatic growth were seeking for social support (r = .545), distancing (r = .315), self-control and accepting (r=.274), while confronting and escape did not have a correlation with post-traumatic growth
A novel deseasonalized time series model with an improved seasonal estimate for groundwater level predictions
Authors: Mohanasundaram S. , Suresh Kumar G. , Narasimhan Balaji 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Groundwater level prediction and forecasting using univariate time series models are useful for effective groundwater management under data limiting conditions. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models are widely used for modeling groundwater level data as the groundwater level signals possess the seasonality pattern. Alternatively, deseasonalized autoregressive and moving average models (Ds-ARMA) can be modeled with deseasonalized groundwater level signals in which the seasonal component is estimated and removed from the raw groundwater level signals. The seasonal component is traditionally estimated by calculating long-term averaging values of the corresponding months in the year. This traditional way of estimating seasonal component may not be appropriate for non-stationary groundwater level signals. Thus, in this study, an improved way of estimating the seasonal component by adopting a 13-month moving average trend and corresponding confidence interval approach has been attempted. To test the proposed approach, two representative observation wells from Adyar basin, India were modeled by both traditional and proposed methods. It was observed from this study that the proposed model prediction performance was better than the traditional model's performance with R2 values of 0.82 and 0.93 for the corresponding wells' groundwater level data.