bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatic mosaicism of androgen receptor gene in an androgen insensitivity syndrome patient conceived through assisted reproduction technique
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhu Hui , Wang Nan , Cheng Tong , Han Bing , Zhao Shuangxia , Song Huaidong , Cheng Kaixiang , Liu Yang , Qiao Jie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMutations of human androgen receptor (AR) gene are responsible for androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Variable phenotypes and androgen receptor binding activity have permitted the classification of AIS into complete (CAIS), partial (PAIS), and minimal or mild (MAIS) forms. Somatic mosaicism in AIS is a rare condition which happened when de novo mutations occur after the zygotic stage.MethodsClinical evaluation, hormone measurements, and molecular analysis were performed to diagnose the patient in the study.ResultsA 46, XY girl who conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF), presented with partial virilization of external genitalia, was found to have the p.C620R in heterozygosity. The variant p.C620R of AR has been previously reported in a patient with completely feminized external genitalia, which was inherited from the heterozygote carrier mother. Mutation analysis of the mother of our patient revealed that the variant was de novo and presented as a somatic mosaicism which indicated an insufficient amount of wild‐type AR in our patient.ConclusionThis is the first case that AIS was caused by de novo mutation of AR in a 46, XY Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD) patient by the assisted reproduction technique (ART). The phenotype of partial virilization could be explained by AR mutation in somatic mosaicism.
A single‐session acceptance and commitment therapy intervention among women undergoing surgery for breast cancer: A randomized pilot trial to reduce persistent postsurgical pain
Authors: Hadlandsmyth Katherine , Dindo Lilian N. , Wajid Roohina , Sugg Sonia L. , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Rakel Barbara A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveOncologic breast surgeries carry a risk for persistent postsurgical pain. This study was a randomized pilot and feasibility study of a single‐session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention compared with treatment as usual among women undergoing surgery for breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ.MethodsParticipants were recruited via letter of invitation and follow‐up phone call from a single site in the United States from 2015 to 2017. Participants were at risk for persistent postsurgical pain, based on young age (<50), a preexisting chronic pain condition, or elevated anxiety, depression, or pain catastrophizing.ResultsThe 54 participants were female with a mean age of 52.91 years (SD=11.80). At 3‐month postsurgery, 11% of the sample reported moderate‐severe pain (>3 on a 0‐10 numeric rating scale) in the operative breast or with arm movement. Written qualitative responses indicated that the majority of participants who received the intervention understood the concepts presented and reported continued practice of exercises learned in the session. The between group effect sizes for moderate‐severe pain and elevated anxiety at 3‐month post‐surgery were small (Phi=0.08 and 0.16, respectively). The between group effect sizes for depression, pain acceptance, and pain catastrophizing at 3‐month postsurgery were minimal.ConclusionsThis study found small positive effects on postsurgical pain and anxiety for a single‐session ACT intervention among women with breast cancer. This study supports the use of ACT with this population.
Drug‐Conjugation Induced Self‐Assembly of Feather Keratin‐Based Prodrug for Tumor Intracellular Reduction Triggered Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Huifang , Liu Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs a kind of natural protein, keratin is widely investigated in the biomedical field. Here, for the first time, a keratin‐based prodrug (PK‐SS‐D) is designed for tumor intracellular reduction triggered drug delivery, by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) onto poly(ethylene glycol) modified keratin (PEGylated keratin, PK) with a bioreducible disulfide linkage. The protein‐drug conjugate prodrug, with a drug content of 20%, can self‐assemble into micelles with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 175 nm and a narrow distribution. The in vitro controlled release profiles reveal the reduction triggered thiolated DOX (DOX‐SH) release behavior of the PK‐SS‐D micelles, with a cumulative drug release up to 52% within 10 d in the simulated tumor microenvironment in a sustained releasing mode, and a low drug leakage of 17% in the simulated normal physiological medium. The enhanced tumor growth inhibition of the proposed PK‐SS‐D prodrug micelles is revealed by the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, although the released DOX‐SH prodrug possesses a lower tumor growth inhibition than DOX.
Riparian vegetation restoration: Does social perception reflect ecological value?
Authors: Arsénio Pedro , Rodríguez‐González Patricia María , Bernez Ivan , S. Dias Filipe , Bugalho Miguel N. , Dufour Simon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSocial‐ecological contexts are key to the success of ecological restoration projects. The ecological quality of restoration efforts, however, may not be fully evident to stakeholders, particularly if the desired aesthetic experience is not delivered. Aesthetically pleasing landscapes are more highly appreciated and tend to be better protected than less appealing landscapes, regardless of their ecological value. Positive public perception of restoration actions may therefore facilitate stakeholder involvement and catalyse recognition of ecological improvement. Here we aim to contrast aesthetical perception and ecological condition in headwater river reaches restored through passive ecological restoration in study areas in Portugal (Alentejo) and France (Normandy). We recorded structural and functional indicators of riparian vegetation to monitor the ecological condition of study sites along a passive restoration trajectory. Aesthetical perception indicators were assessed through stakeholder inquiries developed under a semantic differential approach. We analysed perception responses to changes in the riparian ecosystems resulting from passive ecological restoration across different geographical contexts and social groups. The analysed social groups comprised stakeholders (environmental managers and landowners) and university students (landscape architecture and geography students). Results indicate that (a) visual preferences often do not reflect changes in ecological condition, (b) perception of the restoration process is strongly context dependent, and (c) experience and cultural background affect perception of ecological condition across the different social groups analysed. Clear identification of relevant stakeholder groups (those interested in or directly affected by restoration), effective communication, and stakeholder engagement are therefore essential for assuring the success of river restoration projects.
The effect of a single, brief practice of progressive muscle relaxation after exposure to an acute stressor on subsequent energy intake
Authors: Masih Tasmiah , Dimmock James A. , Guelfi Kym J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundGiven previous research suggests an association between stress and the intake of energy‐dense foods, this study investigated whether poststressor relaxation practice can attenuate stress‐induced eating.MethodsTwenty‐five men and women were exposed to four conditions on separate days: an acute laboratory stressor (S), acute stressor followed by 20 min of relaxation (SR) in the form of Abbreviated Progressive Muscle Relaxation (APMR), relaxation alone (R), and a control condition (C). Physiological and psychological responses to stress and relaxation were assessed, in addition to the subsequent energy intake of high‐energy snacks.ResultsSalivary cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate, and perceived stress were transiently elevated postlaboratory stressor (S and SR compared with R and C; p < .05). Meanwhile, perceived relaxation was acutely enhanced after APMR alone (R) compared with S, SR, and C (p < .05) and in SR (immediately after the APMR) compared with S (p < .05). No difference in mean energy intake was observed between conditions (p > .05). Likewise, no differences in perceived appetite or the levels of ghrelin, leptin, and insulin were found between conditions (p > .05).ConclusionsMuch variation exists in stress‐induced dietary responses, and APMR either postacute stressor or in isolation does not appear to consistently alter the intake of commonly eaten snacks.
What if I had not fallen from grace? Psychological distress and the gap between factual and counterfactual subjective social status
Authors: Euteneuer Frank , Schaefer Sarina J. , Neubert Marie , Rief Winfried , Suessenbach Philipp 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the discrepancy between factual and counterfactual subjective social status (DCS) relates to psychological distress beyond the effect of current (i.e., factual) subjective and objective social status. Participants were 124 single mothers (Study 1) and 310 persons who have become unemployed (Study 2). In both samples, higher DCS was related to more severe symptoms of stress and depression beyond the effect of current subjective and objective social status. Upward counterfactual thinking might be an additional psychological factor in the relationship between social inequality and health in socially deprived individuals.
Analysis of long‐term loading characterization for stress‐cycle fatigue design
Authors: Teixeira Rui , Nogal Maria , O'Connor Alan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present paper discusses the application of stress‐cycle (SN) fatigue design procedures for offshore wind turbines, applied to the tower and substructure, and emphasizing the long‐term loading characterization. Three main methodologies are compared to assess SN fatigue long‐term design, direct scale‐up of loads and cycles to the design lifetime, probability fit for the loading distribution, and truncation and fit of the tail region. Different characteristic SN slopes are researched. The comprehensive comparison developed shows that limited interest exists in increasing the complexity of the loading assessment for SN fatigue design. In particular, the notion of representative sample has key influence on the fatigue calculations. Probability analysis techniques are not an adequate substitute of a representative sample. If definition of a representative sample for design is unpractical due to its large cost, direct scale‐up of cycles from a time t to a larger time T can be applied with uncertainty assessment. Bootstrapping of load ranges is implemented to tackle the limitations imposed by approaching a design time much larger than the evaluated time. It takes advantage of the fact that SN fatigue design is a statistical problem of mean value. Bootstrapping proved to be an efficient estimator of uncertainty with relatively constant confidence bounds, of particular interest to perform SN fatigue design with small samples. New insights on its application for fatigue design are presented. Due to its simple application and nonparametric character, it can be applied in combination with other techniques, such as extrapolation of loads and cycles.
On the global well‐posedness for the 2D incompressible Keller‐Segel‐Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Yehua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Keller‐Segel‐Navier‐Stokes system
is considered in . It is proved that we obtain the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for the two dimensional incompressible Keller‐Segel‐Navier‐Stokes equations for a large class of initial data by using Fourier localization technique.
Developing a taxonomy to characterise trusted adult support in the lives of adolescents
Authors: Pringle Jan , McAteer John , Whitehead Ross , Scott Eileen , Milne Dona , Jepson Ruth 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionA systematic review of trusted adult interventions for adolescents revealed that there was no common terminology, agreed explicit definition, or detail, regarding the personal qualities, functions and roles fulfilled by trusted adults that was used consistently across the papers. To provide clarity, we therefore aimed to produce a taxonomy of trusted adult input, using evidence drawn from our review.MethodsData from the review findings were used to compile the taxonomy, moving from the general to the more specific, in a four stage process. This involved: (1) compilation of elements described in individual papers, (2) grouping of elements derived from stage 1 into categories, (3) examination of context and nature of the relationship, (4) development of a categorisation of trusted adult input.FindingsThe resulting taxonomy encapsulates core essential qualities provided by people acting in trusted adult or mentoring roles, and gives details relating to what a young person might expect from individuals they put their trust in. The taxonomy consists of six categories relating to: delivery context, roles of trusted adults, nature of support, personal qualities, actions/functions, and impact.ConclusionsThe taxonomy describes key elements that define the trusted adult role, and has the potential to inform the development of policies and guidelines relating to support provision. It may be used as a framework for the reporting of trusted adult interventions within research, and act as a helpful guide if a young person is in doubt about the behaviour or qualities displayed by an adult in their environment.
An Evaluation of a Clinical Care Pathway for the Management of Men With Nonorganic Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Jenkins Lawrence C. , Hall Matthew , Deveci Serkan , Guhring Patricia , Parker Marilyn , Nelson Christian J. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere exists little literature on the outcomes of the medical management of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) with no overt organic etiology.AimThis study was conducted to assess the outcomes of men with nonorganic ED treated medically.MethodsAll patients had normal hormone profiles and vascular assessment. All were given a trial of a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i). If no improvement was experienced, intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy was administered. All patients were encouraged to seek a consultation with a mental health professional.Main Outcome MeasurePatient demographics, medical comorbidities, hormone and hemodynamics assessments, and change in International Index of Erectile Function scores of patients were recorded.Results116 men with a mean age or 38 ± 19 (range 16−57) years were studied. 21% had mild ED, 47% had moderate ED, and 32% had severe ED. 21% had seen a psychiatrist. 81% of patients responded to PDE5i with a penetration hardness erection on follow-up (mean duration of 7 ± 3 months postcommencement of PDE5i). However, only 68% of these were capable of a consistently good response. The mean Erectile Function domain score on PDE5i for the entire group improved from 18 ± 11 to 22 ± 6 (P = .01), and for PDE5i responders it was 27 ± 4 (P &lt; .001). 28% of men (22 PDE5i failures and 10 with a mixed response to PDE5i) attempted ICI, all obtaining consistently functional erections. At a mean time point of 11 ± 5 months, 83% of those responding to PDE5i had ceased using PDE5i due to a lack of need. 11% of those using ICI continued to use them 6 months after starting ICI; the remainder had been transitioned back to PDE5i. Of the 29 patients in the latter subgroup, 66% were no longer using PDE5i consistently due to a lack of need.Clinical ImplicationsNot all men with nonorganic ED respond to PDE5i initially and many of those who respond do so only intermittently; such patients are potentially curable, using erectogenic pharmacotherapy for erectile confidence restoration, most men are capable of being weaned from drug therapy.Strengths & LimitationsThe strengths of the study are the large number of patients and the use of serial validated instruments to assess erectile function outcomes. As a weakness, despite normal hormone and vascular assessments, the diagnosis of nonorganic ED is still a presumptive one.ConclusionMedical management of nonorganic ED utilizing the process of care model results in cure in a large proportion of such patients. The transient use of ICI in some patients permits successful PDE5i rechallenge.
Evaluation of pain management in medical transfer of trauma patients by air
Authors: Miles Isabelle H. , MacDonald Russell D. , Moore Sean W. , Ducharme James , Vaillancourt Christian 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesWith regionalized trauma care, medical transport times can be prolonged, requiring paramedics to manage patient care and symptoms. Our objective was to evaluate pain management during air transport of trauma patients.MethodsWe conducted a 12-month review of electronic paramedic records from a provincial critical care transport agency. Patients were included if they were ≥18 years old and underwent air transport to a trauma centre, and excluded if they were Glasgow Coma Scale score <14, intubated, or accompanied by a physician or nurse. Demographics, injury description, and transportation parameters were recorded. Outcomes included pain assessment via 11-point numerical rating scale, patterns of analgesia administration, and analgesia-related adverse events. Results were reported as mean ± standard deviation, [range], (percentage).ResultsWe included 372 patients: 47.0 years old; 262 males; 361 blunt injuries. Transport duration was 82.4 ± 46.3 minutes. In 232 (62.4%) patients who received analgesia, baseline numerical rating scale was 5.9 ± 2.5. Fentanyl was most commonly administered at 44.3 [25–60] mcg. Numerical rating scale after first analgesia dose decreased by 1.1 [-2–7]. Thereafter, 171 (73.7%) patients received 2.4 [1-18] additional doses. While 44 (23.4%) patients had no change in numerical rating scale after first analgesia dose, subsequent doses resulted in no change in numerical rating scale in over 65% of patients. There were 43 adverse events recorded, with nausea the most commonly reported (39.5%).ConclusionsInitial and subsequent dose(s) of analgesic had minimal effect on pain as assessed via numerical rating scale, likely due in part to inadequate dosing. Future research is required to determine and address the barriers to proper analgesia.
Establishing and evaluating a Balint group for fourth-year medical students at an Irish University
Authors: McManus Sorcha , Killeen David , Hartnett Yvonne , Fitzgerald Gearoid , Murphy Kieran C. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe study was designed to establish and evaluate the impact of a 6-week Balint group on empathy and resilience in fourth-year medical students during their psychiatry rotation.MethodologyThis prospective study used the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Student Version and the Brief Resilience Scale before and after 6-week Balint groups. Participating students also completed a qualitative assessment of their experience.ResultsStudents who participated were enthusiastic regarding the value of Balint groups in promoting self-reflection and gaining insight into self- and patient-care dynamics. There was a significant difference in empathy scores pre- and post-Balint intervention. There was no significant difference in resilience scores.ConclusionThe establishment of a 6-week Balint group for fourth-year medical students was successful in increasing empathy. Students reported a positive view of Balint and its beneficial role in this study group.
A 16,000-yr-long sedimentary sequence from Lakes Peters and Schrader (Neruokpuk Lakes), northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska
Authors: Benson Christopher W. , Kaufman Darrell S. , McKay Nicholas P. , Schiefer Erik , Fortin David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSediments that accumulate in high-latitude lakes serve as valuable environmental archives of changing conditions in a region currently undergoing rapid change. A previously unexplored sedimentary sequence reaching back 16,000 years from Lakes Peters and Schrader (Neruokpuk Lakes) in the northeastern Brooks Range (69°N), Alaska, shows distinct changes in accumulation rates and biophysical properties including bulk density (BD), organic matter (OM) content, and grain-size distribution at five widely distributed core sites. The oldest sediments contain little OM and accumulated rapidly as glaciers retreated around 15 ka. OM peaked between 12 and 10 ka along with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. BD increased and OM decreased until around 5 ka, possibly reflecting a decrease in river-transported terrestrial OM. From 5–2 ka, OM consistently increased, suggesting a rise in river discharge, or a rise in summer temperatures, which led to higher productivity, or both. After 2 ka, sediments increased in BD and decreased in OM, suggesting glacier growth. Evidence for glacier expansion late during the Little Ice Age is weak, but increased sedimentation rates may reflect glacier retreat during the last century. This study provides a framework for future paleoenvironmental research of a rare archive in a relatively pristine Arctic setting.
Proxy-based 300-year High Arctic climate warming record from Svalbard
Authors: Luoto Tomi P. , Ojala Antti E. K. , Zajaczkowski Marek 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe used fossil Chironomidae assemblages and the transfer function approach to reconstruct summer air temperatures over the past 300 years from a High Arctic lake in Hornsund, Svalbard. Our aims were to compare reconstructed summer temperatures with observed (last 100 years) seasonal temperatures, to determine a potential climate warming break point in the temperature series and to assess the significance and rate of the climate warming trend at the study site. The reconstructed temperatures were consistent with a previous proxy record from Svalbard and showed good correlation with the meteorological observations from Bjørnøya and Longyearbyen. From the current palaeoclimate record, we found a significant climate warming threshold in the 1930s, after which the temperatures rapidly increased. We also found that the climate warming trend was strong and statistically significant. Compared with the reconstructed Little Ice Age temperatures in late eighteenth century cooling culmination, the present day summer temperatures are >4°C higher and the temperature increase since the 1930s has been 0.5°C per decade. These results highlight the exceptionally rapid recent warming of southern Svalbard and add invaluable information on the seasonality of High Arctic climate change and Arctic amplification.
Why You'll Regret Not Reading This Paper
Authors: Schroeder Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the role for anticipated regret in major life decision-making, focusing on how it is employed by realistic decision-makers in a variety of realistic cases. I argue that the most obvious answers to how regret might matter in decision do not make these cases intelligible, but that we can make them intelligible through consideration of the significance of narrative in our own self-understanding.