bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Collisionless Relaxation and Time Dependence of Supercritical Shocks with Alpha Particles
Authors: Gedalin Michael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Upon crossing, the shock front ions begin to strongly gyrate due to the effect of the macroscopic magnetic and electric field. The strongly nongyrotropic downstream distributions gradually gyrotropize due to the gyrophase mixing. Kinematic collisionless relaxation has been successful in explaining the downstream magnetic oscillations in time-independent planar laminar shocks. Time dependence of supercritical shocks becomes more pronounced with the increase of the Mach number. While downstream gyrating distributions are still formed due to macroscopic fields, pressure balance can no longer be maintained throughout, causing time dependence. The presence of alpha particles enhances the destabilization of the shock.
Ambient Column Densities of Highly Ionized Oxygen in Precipitation-limited Circumgalactic Media
Authors: Voit G. Mark 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Many of the baryons associated with a galaxy reside in its circumgalactic medium (CGM), in a diffuse volume-filling phase at roughly the virial temperature. Much of the oxygen produced over cosmic time by the galaxy’s stars also ends up there. The resulting absorption lines in the spectra of UV and X-ray background sources are powerful diagnostics of the feedback processes that prevent more of those baryons from forming stars. This paper presents predictions for CGM absorption lines (O vi, O vii, O viii, Ne viii, N v) that are based on precipitation-regulated feedback models, which posit that the radiative cooling time of the ambient medium cannot drop much below 10 times the freefall time without triggering a strong feedback event. The resulting predictions align with many different observational constraints on the Milky Way’s ambient CGM and explain why N
O vi
≈ 1014 cm−2 over large ranges in halo mass and projected radius. Within the precipitation framework, the strongest O vi absorption lines result from vertical mixing of the CGM that raises low-entropy ambient gas to greater altitudes, because adiabatic cooling of the uplifted gas then lowers its temperature and raises the fractional abundance of O5+. Condensation stimulated by uplift may also produce associated low-ionization components. The observed velocity structure of the O vi absorption suggests that galactic outflows do not expel circumgalactic gas at the halo’s escape velocity, but rather drive circulation that dissipates much of the galaxy’s supernova energy within the ambient medium, causing some of it to expand beyond the virial radius.
GROWTH on S190426c: Real-time Search for a Counterpart to the Probable Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger using an Automated Difference Imaging Pipeline for DECam
Authors: Goldstein Daniel A. , Andreoni Igor , Nugent Peter E. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Coughlin Michael W. , Anand Shreya , Bloom Joshua S. , Martínez-Palomera Jorge , Zhang 张可 Keming 名 , Ahumada Tomás , Bagdasaryan Ashot , Cooke Jeff , De Kishalay , Duev Dmitry A. , Fremling U. Christoffer , Gatkine Pradip , Graham Matthew , Ofek Eran O. , Singer Leo P. , Yan Lin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The discovery of a transient kilonova following the gravitational-wave (GW) event GW170817 highlighted the critical need for coordinated rapid and wide-field observations, inference, and follow-up across the electromagnetic spectrum. In the southern hemisphere, the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the Blanco 4 m telescope is well suited to this task, as it is able to cover wide fields quickly while still achieving the depths required to find kilonovae like the one accompanying GW170817 to ∼500 Mpc, the binary neutron star (NS) horizon distance for current generation of LIGO/Virgo collaboration (LVC) interferometers. Here, as part of the multi-facility follow-up by the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen collaboration, we describe the observations and automated data movement, data reduction, candidate discovery, and vetting pipeline of our target-of-opportunity DECam observations of S190426c, the first possible NS–black hole merger detected in GWs. Starting 7.5 hr after S190426c, over 11.28 hr of observations, we imaged an area of 525 deg2 (r band) and 437 deg2 (z band); this was 16.3% of the total original localization probability, and nearly all of the probability visible from the southern hemisphere. The machine-learning-based pipeline was optimized for fast turnaround, delivering transients for human vetting within 17 minutes, on average, of shutter closure. We reported nine promising counterpart candidates 2.5 hr before the end of our observations. One hour after our data-taking ended (roughly 20 hr after the announcement of S190426c), LVC released a refined skymap that reduced the probability coverage of our observations to 8.0%, demonstrating a critical need for localization updates on shorter (∼hour) timescales. Our observations yielded no detection of a bona fide counterpart to m

z
= 21.7 and m

r
= 22.2 at the 5σ level of significance, consistent with the refined LVC positioning. We view these observations and rapid inferencing as an important real-world test for this novel end-to-end wide-field pipeline.
Physical Characterization of Active Asteroid (6478) Gault
Authors: Sanchez Juan A. , Reddy Vishnu , Thirouin Audrey , Wright Edward L. , Linder Tyler R. , Kareta Theodore , Sharkey Benjamin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Main belt asteroid (6478) Gault has been dynamically linked with two overlapping asteroid families: Phocaea, dominated by S-type asteroids, and Tamara, dominated by low-albedo C-types. This object has recently become an interesting case for study after images obtained in late 2018 revealed that it was active and displaying a comet-like tail. Previous authors have proposed that the most likely scenarios to explain the observed activity on Gault were rotational excitation or merger of near-contact binaries. Here we use new photometric and spectroscopic data of Gault to determine its physical and compositional properties. Lightcurves derived from the photometric data showed little variation over three nights of observations, which prevented us from determining the rotation period of the asteroid. Using WISE observations of Gault and the near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model (NEATM) we determined that this asteroid has a diameter <6 km. Near-infrared spectroscopic data obtained with the Infrared Telescope Facility showed a spectrum similar to that of S-complex asteroids, and a surface composition consistent with H chondrite meteorites. These results favor a compositional affinity between Gault and asteroid (25) Phocaea, and rules out a compositional link with the Tamara family. From the spectroscopic data we found no evidence of fresh material that could have been exposed during the outburst episodes.
ALMA Observations of the Terahertz Spectrum of Sagittarius A*
Authors: Bower Geoffrey C. , Dexter Jason , Asada Keiichi , Brinkerink Christiaan D. , Falcke Heino , Ho Paul , Inoue Makoto , Markoff Sera , Marrone Daniel P. , Matsushita Satoki , Moscibrodzka Monika , Nakamura Masanori , Peck Alison , Rao Ramprasad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations at 233, 678, and 870 GHz of the Galactic Center black hole, Sagittarius A*. These observations reveal a flat spectrum over this frequency range with spectral index α ≈ −0.3, where the flux density S ∝ ν

α
. We model the submillimeter and far-infrared spectrum with a one-zone synchrotron model of thermal electrons. We infer electron densities n = (2–5) × 106 cm−3, electron temperatures T

e
= (1–3) × 1011 K, and magnetic field strength B = 10–50 G. The parameter range can be further constrained using the observed quiescent X-ray luminosity. The flat submillimeter spectrum results in a high electron temperature and implies that the emitting electrons are efficiently heated. We also find that the emission is most likely optically thin at 233 GHz. These results indicate that millimeter and submillimeter wavelength very long baseline interferometry of Sgr A* including those of the Event Horizon Telescope should see a transparent emission region down to event horizon scales.
A comparison of the performance of five aphasic patients on different tests of language ability
Authors: Solarsh Barbara 
Published: August 2019

The performance of five aphasic patients was rated on three tests of language ability: The Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis; Luria's Tests of aphasia; and a Test of expressive language based on graded stimuli from the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. In order to assess communicative-ability of the subjects, each expressive language sample was administered to four judges and a score of communicative success was computed. The study aimed at comparing each subject's performance on these tests of aphasia and its relationship to the degree of communicative success, in an attempt to ascertain which test is the most accurate predictor of "amount" of aphasic impairment. It also aimed at extracting those variables most useful and appropriate in the diagnosis of the impairment found in aphasic patients. Inter-test correlations revealed that tests of aphasia appear to be accurate predictors of "amount" of communicative success. Inter-item comparison revealed fourteen sub-tests which indicated greatest difference in the performance of all the subjects.
A review of speech therapy services in ten cerebral palsy schools in the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Shavell Audrey 
Published: August 2019

Information on speech therapy services at ten Cerebral Palsy Schools in South Africa was obtained by means of a questionnaire. The results compared the numbers of children receiving treatment on an out-patient and in-patient basis; the percentage of children diagnosed as Cerebral Palsied, Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Aphasic and unclassified in each school; the percentage of speech, voice, hearing and language disturbances in each diagnostic category, the frequency of speech therapy treatments and types of assessments used; The speech therapists who completed the questionnaire also gave their opinion on the value of joint assessments, case conferences and use of a communication board as well as topics they would like to discuss.
'n Neuro-evolusionêre en neurofisiologiese benadering tot die ondersoek en behandeling van verworwe disartrie
Authors: Van der Merwe Anita 
Published: August 2019

Die konvensionele benadering tot verworwe disartrie soos dit gevind word in die literatuur word kortliks bespreek. Die noodsaaklikheid vir 'n gewysigde benadering wat praktiese leidrade aan die spraakterapeut sal verskaf, word beklemtoon. Die opkoms van die neuroevolusioner-gefundeerde benadering tot serebrale verlamming, met ander woorde, tot kongenitale disartrie, word genoem. Sover bekend, is daar geen georganiseerde gegewens in die literatuur wat die neuro-evolusie van spraakmotoriek blootle vanaf die mees outomatiese, mees georganiseerde en mees eenvoudige vlak tot die meer willekeurige, meer komplekse, en minder georganiseerde vlak van funksionering nie. Bekende gegewens in verband met spraak is hipoteties georden en 'n hierargiese spraakskema is opgestel wat die neuro-evolusie van spraak blootle. Op grond van die skema en met inagneming van neuro-fisiologiese disfunksies, is 'n ondersoek program opgestel wat die spraakprobleem van die verworwe disartriegeval in sy geheel ondersoek. Behandeling geskied aan die hand van die riglyne wat die skema aandui. Deur die gebruik van toepaslike spraakterapeutiese metodes word beoog om 'n herevolusie te bewerkstellig waar moontlik.
Die diagnosering van stamel as 'n vorm van psigoneurologiese disfunksie
Authors: Uys I. C. 
Published: August 2019

Die samestelling van 'n diagnostiese program vir stamel as 'n vorm van psigoneurologiese disfunksie word gebaseer op 'n teoretiese orientering ten opsigte van die simptomatologiese en etiologiese verband tussen hierdie twee sindrome. Hierdie verband word met empiriese bevindings gestaaf. 'n Omvattende diagnostiese program is saamgestel met die doel om al die verskillende simptome van psigoneurologiese disfunksie, sowel as meer spesifiek, die verbale kommunikasieprobleme van stamel, uit te lig. Ten slotte word hierdie program ge-evalueer aan die hand van eksperimentele bewyse.
Immediate echolalia and the interactive behaviour of autistic children
Authors: Van Zyl Ingrid , Alant Erna , Uys Isabel C. 
Published: August 2019

This research examined whether echolalia and interactive behaviour in autistic children could function within a communicative system. Four autistic children were videotaped individually in interaction with a familiar adult. A categorical system was designed whereby the children's interactive behaviour could be rated. It was found that the immediate echolalia is far more than a meaningless repetition of words. The utterances are relevant, displaying the conveyance of meaningful information and the maintenance of social interaction. Conclusions were drawn on the facilitation of communication through modification and expansion of immediate echolalia.
ABR audiometry: Application to the paediatric population
Authors: Helfand Susan , Yifat Rachel 
Published: August 2019

This study examines the relationship between Auditory Brain Stem, Behavioural Observation and Impedance Audiometry in a paediatric population. Particular reference is made to the strengths and weaknesses of Auditory Brainstem Audiometry applied to this age group. Results indicate that in some cases diagnosis of hearing loss is made primarily on the basis of this test, while in other cases the test serves as an excellent check on Behavioural and Impedance Audiometry.
Speech discrimination abilities of hearing impaired children using conventional hearing aids and radio neckloop at different signal-to-noise ratios
Authors: Moodley Asoka 
Published: August 2019

Speech discrimination scores of 20 hearing impaired children with a mean age of 14 years were examined when using their own conventional hearing aids on the microphone setting and the radio neck loop with and without the use of the environment microphone of the radio receiver. Testing of speech discrimination was administered in noise where S/N of +20dB, +10dB and OdB were used. Electroacoustic measurements of the hearing aids used were carried out to ascertain the extent to which the frequency response was altered when the aid was coupled to the neck loop used on the telecoil setting. Results highlighted the excellent performance of individual hearing aids when the favourable S/N + 20dB was used. The use of the environment microphone on the radio receiver did not significantly affect speech discrimination scores, implications regarding the radio neck loop and the use of amplification in the classroom situation are discussed.
Dementia and communication pathology: Two case examples
Authors: Penn Claire , Sonnenberg Beulah , Schnaier Yael 
Published: August 2019

The discourse characteristics of two female patients with dementia are described — one patient with a cortical dementia of Alzheimer's type and one patient with a classical subcortical dementia of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Distinct patterns of breakdown were observed and related to an explanatory model. Implications of the findings for differential diagnosis are discussed and the neurological representation of the pragmatic level of language is considered.
The effect of guessing on the speech reception thresholds of chilldren
Authors: Moodley Asoka 
Published: August 2019

Speech audiometry is an essential part of the assessment of hearing impaired children and it is now widely used throughout the United Kingdom. Although instructions are universally agreed upon as an important aspect in the administration of any form of audiometric testing, there has been little, if any, research towards evaluating the influence which instructions that are given to a listener have on the Speech Reception Threshold obtained. This study attempts to evaluate what effect guessing has on the Speech Reception Threshold of children. A sample of 30 secondary school pupils between 16 and 18 years of age with normal hearing was used in the study. It is argued that the type of instruction normally used for Speech Reception Threshold in audiometric testing may not provide a sufficient amount of control for guessing and implications of this, using data obtained in the study, are examined.
Literatuur en de normatieve aspecten van wetenschappelijke kennis
Authors: Schrover Wouter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article is about the relation of three literary texts to psychological stage theories. The texts under discussion are a novel by Dutch novelist Maarten ’t Hart (De aansprekers, 1979) and stories by Flemish writer Kristien Hemmerechts (‘Fasen’, 1996) and German author Daniel Kehlmann (‘Rosalie geht sterben’, 2009). This article especially focusses on the stage theory of dying, as formulated by the Swiss-American psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. For each of the three texts it is argued whether there is an intertextual relation to Kübler-Ross’s work or an interdiscursive relation to stage theories in general. It is thus demonstrated how these literary texts contribute to the dissemination of knowledge about stage theories, attesting to their popularity while at the same time critically evaluating them. By means of this demonstration, it is explained how literature is able to reflect upon the interaction between knowledge and normative views.
De verborgen complexiteit van want/omdat X*
Authors: Konvička Martin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, I analyse the Dutch construction of the type want/omdat X from the perspective of the concept of hidden complexity. I show that while the traditional use of the conjunctions want ‘because’ and omdat ‘because’ followed by an independent or a dependent clause, respectively, is overtly more complex in that it uses more language material, its hidden complexity is low. The constructions of the type want/omdat X, on the other hand, are overtly less complex, but demonstrate a higher degree of hidden complexity. The interpretation of the constructions of this type is namely context-dependent and relies heavily on extralinguistic discursive knowledge on the side of the listener/reader.
Measuring Intellectual Capital of Turkish Banks Listed on Borsa Istanbul Banking Index (BIST XBANK) with the Market Value / Book Value Method and Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) Model
Authors: Arslan Mehmet Lütfi , Kızıl Cevdet 
Published: August 2019

Intellectual capital is a critical concept to realize and reflect the real value of organizations. This study took advantage of Market Value (MV) / Book Value (BV) method and Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) model to measure and compare intellectual capital of Turkish banks listed on Borsa Istanbul Banking Index (BIST XBANK). Also, financial indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Leverage, (LEV), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and intellectual capital performance indicators such as MV/BV ratio, Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Structural Capital Efficiency (SCE), Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE) and VAIC of banks were compared. Research also ran a Pearson Correlations Test to investigate the relationship between these indicators and to test the hypothesis. Data were gathered from Istanbul Stock Exchange - ISE (Borsa Istanbul), Public Disclosure Platform (KAP), Banks Association of Turkey – TBB (Türkiye Bankalar Birliği), Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA), Fortune Turkey, Anadolu Agency and Hurriyet.
Pedagogia da natação: análise das atividades realizadas em aulas para crianças
Authors: Mello Fiori Júlia , Trevisan Teixeira Luísa Beatriz , Trindade Wizer Rossane , De Souza Castro Flávio Antônio 
Published: August 2019

Resumo
Considerando a importância da diversidade de experiências motoras aquáticas para a melhor relação do indivíduo com o ambiente, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as atividades realizadas na iniciação de crianças à natação. Ao longo deste estudo foram identificadas e analisadas as atividades propostas por professores em 36 aulas observadas de modo sistemático. Dentre os resultados, das 36 aulas, de oito professores, 33 continham atividades de técnica de nado, em um total de 86 exercícios somados e realizados 134 vezes. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de se repensar a pedagogia da natação, pois a predominância no cenário atual é o ensino técnico dos quatro estilos competitivos, antes mesmo do indivíduo se tornar independente e demonstrar competência no meio aquático.
A PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTAL DA CONTAMINAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS POR FÁRMACOS
Authors: Escher Mayara Andria da Silva , Américo-Pinheiro Juliana Heloisa Pinê , Torres Nádia Hortense , Ferreira Luiz Fernando Romanholo 
Published: August 2019

A degradação dos recursos hídricos e a escassez de água potável são assuntos de crescente preocupação mundial, principalmente em razão da presença de contaminantes emergentes (CE) como os fármacos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo levantar informações por meio de estudospublicados sobre a presença de fármacos em matrizes ambientais e os seus efeitos no meio aquático, assim como para os organismos aquáticos e os seres humanos expostos. Observou-se aumento no número de pesquisas, tanto daquelas voltadas à contaminação dos recursos hídricos por fármacosquanto daquelas voltadas aos efeitos desses nos seres vivos. Verificou se que os fármacos estudados (diclofenaco, ibuprofeno e paracetamol) podem ser encontrados em diversas matrizes ambientais e causar efeitos ecotoxicológicos a diversos organismos não alvos como algas, moluscos,peixes e plantas aquáticas. Para os contaminantes estudados, não existe legislação associada à sua presença em matrizes ambientais, no entanto a União Europeia (UE) inseriu o diclofenaco na lista dos contaminantes que devem ser monitorados. A problemática ambiental da contaminação dosrecursos hídricos pelos fármacos envolve grandes desafios, entre eles a busca por medidas que visem à prevenção de possíveis impactos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana.
On the nature of the discourse effect on extraction in Japanese
Authors: Yano Masataka 
Published: August 2019

The present study tested whether the D-linked object moves from its thematic position over the subject or it originates where it appears in non-canonical sentences in Japanese. To this aim, we conducted acceptability judgment experiments that employed island effects as a diagnosis of movement and assessed whether the D-linking status of an extracted object of non-canonical OSV sentences escaped island effects. The results revealed that D-linking did not improve an acceptability of island violations, and therefore, a D-linked object of OSV does have a status of a moved constituent.The present result contributes to an understanding of a relationship between syntactic representation and processing of filler-gap dependencies. According to recent event-related brain potential (ERP) studies, non-canonical sentences with a filler-gap dependency elicits a P600 effect when there is no felicitous context, but they do not reveal any effect when the filler is discourse-old information. The present result is inconsistent with the interpretation that the D-linked filler does not have a status of a moved constituent, thereby resulting in no filler-gap dependency formation in Japanese sentence comprehension. Instead, the present result is consistentwith the view that the P600 effect is not a neural cost of the reconstruction but is elicited by other cognitive processes, such as the resolution of the unsatisfied presupposition encoded by scrambling.