bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classroom Climate, Cardiac Vagal Tone, and Inhibitory Control: Links to Focused Attention in First Graders
Authors: Scrimin Sara , Osler Gabriele , Moscardino Ughetta , Mason Lucia 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to investigate the role of classroom climate and self‐regulation in terms of cardiac vagal tone and inhibitory control in primary school students' focused attention. A combination of direct and indirect measures was used to assess classroom climate, sustained and selective attention, and inattention behaviors among 62 first graders. We also registered students' cardiac vagal tone at rest and their levels of inhibitory control in a reaction time task. A single underlying factor combining sustained and selective attention as well as (the lack of) inattention behaviors accounted for students' focused attention. A regression analysis revealed that classroom climate, cardiac vagal tone, and inhibitory control interacted to explain first graders' focused attention. In classrooms with a negative climate, high levels of inhibitory control attenuated the negative effect of low cardiac vagal tone on students' ability to remain focused during classroom activities. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The decline of the Turtle Dove: Dietary associations with body condition and competition with other columbids analysed using high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Dunn Jenny C. , Stockdale Jennifer E. , Moorhouse‐Gann Rosemary J. , McCubbin Alexandra , Hipperson Helen , Morris Antony J. , Grice Philip V. , Symondson William O. C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDietary changes linked to the availability of anthropogenic food resources can have complex implications for species and ecosystems, especially when species are in decline. Here, we use recently developed primers targeting the ITS2 region of plants to characterize diet from faecal samples of four UK columbids, with particular focus on the European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), a rapidly declining obligate granivore. We examine dietary overlap between species (potential competition), associations with body condition in turtle doves and spatiotemporal variation in diet. We identified 143 taxonomic units, of which we classified 55% to species, another 34% to genus and the remaining 11% to family. We found significant dietary overlap between all columbid species, with the highest between turtle doves and stock doves (Columba oenas), then between turtle doves and woodpigeons (Columba palumbus). The lowest overlap was between woodpigeons and collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto). We show considerable change in columbid diets compared to previous studies, probably reflecting opportunistic foraging behaviour by columbids within a highly anthropogenically modified landscape, although our data for nonturtle doves should be considered preliminary. Nestling turtle doves in better condition had a higher dietary proportion of taxonomic units from natural arable plant species and a lower proportion of taxonomic units from anthropogenic food resources such as garden bird seed mixes and brassicas. This suggests that breeding ground conservation strategies for turtle doves should include provision of anthropogenic seeds for adults early in the breeding season, coupled with habitat rich in accessible seeds from arable plants once chicks have hatched.
Ruptures and continuities in nationhood narratives: reconstructing the nation through history textbooks in Serbia and Croatia
Authors: Pavasović Trošt Tamara 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile the (mis) use of history to fuel particular constructions of the nation is well‐documented in the literature, the ways in which nationhood narratives and national ideologies evolve and transform over time are rarely explored. When ruptures – such as state failure or civil war – occur, interpretations of history and nationhood narratives cannot be completely rewritten. Rather, they need to follow up upon previous, established versions, relying on anchoring motives that offer a minimum level of continuity. Relying on a systematic analysis of over forty years of history revisionism in Serbia and Croatia (1974 to 2017), I demonstrate the discursive ways in which nationhood narratives evolved over time and space: from the dismantling of the former common Socialist narrative, replacement with new ethno‐national narratives, the bumpy transformations through the democratic transitions, to the gradual consolidation into the ‘new’ reconstructed nationhood narratives prevailing in the two countries today.
Appraising the quality of mixed methods research in nursing: A qualitative case study of nurse researchers’ views
Authors: Fàbregues Sergi , Paré Marie‐Hélène 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile a growing number of works have been published about the use of mixed methods research in nursing, scarce attention has been devoted to the issue of the quality of mixed methods within the discipline. The quality appraisal of mixed methods research poses two problems to nursing science: first, current quality criteria are not nursing‐specific and consequently, they might not facilitate the application of mixed methods research findings into nursing practice. Second, criteria were theoretically derived and as such, they might not faithfully account for the decisions that nurse researchers take when appraising mixed methods research studies. This qualitative, within‐case study explored the views of nurse researchers about mixed methods research in general and, more specifically, the question of quality in mixed methods research. An international sample of 13 nurse researchers was interviewed via Skype and phone. Thematic analysis revealed that the participants favored universal, cross‐disciplinary quality criteria, and not criteria specific to the nursing discipline, and a consensual and standardized approach to appraising the quality of mixed methods research. Recommendations are put forward to strengthen the quality appraisal of mixed methods research studies by nurse researchers, as well as future works on this topic within nursing science.
Impact of oral submucous fibrosis on oral health‐related quality of life: A condition‐specific OHRQoL‐OSF instrument analysis
Authors: Gondivkar Shailesh M. , Bhowate Rahul R. , Gadbail Amol R. , Gondivkar Rima S. , Sarode Sachin C. , Sarode Gargi S. , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) could have a significant impact on daily life activities of affected individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of OSF on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).Materials and MethodsA total of 206 clinically diagnosed OSF patients were recruited and subjected to the condition‐specific OHRQoL‐OSF instrument and global self‐ratings of oral health and overall well‐being.Results“Discomfort and functional impairment” dimension was highly prevalent among patients with all stages (p < 0.001). OSF also has impacts on other domains, namely “psychological wellness” (82.35%) and “social wellness” (61.16%). Stage IV OSF (25.94 ± 4.05) patients reported higher OHRQoL‐OSF scores as compared to stage III (16.20 ± 2.58) and stage II OSF (7.26 ± 1.70) patients. However, stage I OSF patients reported significantly better OHRQoL (p < 0.001). A significant trend demonstrating overall OHRQoL‐OSF scores increasing with advancing stages of OSF was observed. The majority of the participants rated their overall oral health status “fair” (34.95%) to “very poor” (26.21%), whereas overall well‐being was rated as moderate (33.00%) to good (31.55%).ConclusionOSF has a significant impact on OHRQoL. Increasing severity of OSF is associated with the worsening QoL.
Combining ability and gene action controlling yield and yield components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought‐stressed and nonstressed conditions
Authors: Mwadzingeni Learnmore , Shimelis Hussein , Tsilo Toi J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study determined the combining ability and gene action controlling yield and yield‐related traits in wheat under drought‐stressed and nonstressed conditions. Twelve parents possessing Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1a genes and their 66 half‐diallel crosses were evaluated under field and glasshouse conditions. Plant height (PH), productive tiller number (TN), kernels per spike (KPS), thousand seed weight (TSW) and grain yield (GY) were recorded. Analysis of variance, heritability, correlation and combining ability analyses were performed. Heritability estimates ranged from 53.00% (TN) to 63.07% (KPS). Yield showed positive correlations with all other traits under all test conditions. Significant GCA effects were observed for all traits recorded across test conditions, except for yield in the glasshouse. All Baker's ratios were less than a unit, indicating predominance of nonadditive gene action. Consistently high positive GCA effects were observed on LM02 for GY; LM02 and LM23 for KPS; and LM04 and LM09 for TSW, while LM17 and LM21 had negative effects for PH. Good general and specific combiners will be used for further breeding and selection.
A novel MYB transcription factor regulates ascorbic acid synthesis and affects cold tolerance
Authors: Xing Caihua , Liu Yue , Zhao Liangyi , Zhang Shaoling , Huang Xiaosan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) plays an important role in stress responses, but the transcriptional regulation of DHAR in response to abiotic stress is still poorly understood. In this study, we isolated a novel R2R3‐type MYB transcription factor from Pyrus betulaefolia by yeast one‐hybrid screening, designated as PbrMYB5. PbrMYB5 was localized in the nucleus and could bind specifically to the promoter of PbrDHAR2. PbrMYB5 was greatly induced by cold and salt but slightly by dehydration. Overexpression of PbrMYB5 in tobacco conferred enhanced tolerance to chilling stresses, whereas down‐regulation of PbrMYB5 in P. betulaefolia by virus‐induced gene silencing resulted in elevated chilling sensitivity. Transgenic tobacco exhibited higher expression levels of NtDHAR2 and accumulated larger amount of ascorbic acid (AsA) than the wild‐type plants. Virus‐induced gene silencing of PbrMYB5 in P. betulaefolia down‐regulated PbrDHAR2 abundance and decreased AsA level, accompanied by an increased sensitivity to the chilling stress. Taken together, these results demonstrated that PbrMYB5 was an activator of AsA biosynthesis and may play a positive role in chilling tolerance, at least in part, due to the modulation of AsA synthesis by regulating the PbrDHAR2 expression.
Misspecification of Multimodal Random-Effect Distributions in Logistic Mixed Models for Panel Survey Data
Authors: Marquart Louise , Haynes Michele 
Published: June 2018

SummaryLogistic mixed models for longitudinal binary data typically assume normally distributed random effects, which may be too restrictive if an underlying subpopulation structure exists. The paper illustrates the ease of implementing diagnostic tests and fitting random effects as a mixture of normal distributions to detect and address distributional misspecification of the random effects in a potential mover–stayer scenario. Methods are illustrated by using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel survey. The robustness of the normality assumption to violations characterized by a three-component mixture of normal distributions was assessed via a simulation study. Adverse inferential impact of incorrectly assuming normality was identified for parameters directly related to the random effects, resulting in biased estimates and poor coverage rates for confidence intervals. The results support the general robustness of fixed effect parameters to non-extreme distributional violations of the random effects.
Functions of Parental Intergenerational Narratives Told by Young People
Authors: Merrill Natalie , Booker Jordan A. , Fivush Robyn 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFamily stories help shape identity and provide a foundation for navigating life events during adolescence and early adulthood. However, little research examines the types of stories passed onto adolescents and emerging adults, the extent to which these stories are retained and accessible, and the potentially influential parental‐ and self‐identity content constructed in telling these stories. Across three samples, we investigate the accessibility and functions of intergenerational narratives that adolescents and emerging adults know of their parents. By examining adolescents’ open‐ended intergenerational stories, emerging adults’ intergenerational stories of parents’ transgression and proud moments, and emerging adults’ intergenerational stories of parents’ self‐defining moments, we systematically describe the functions of various intergenerational stories during adolescence and early adulthood, when identity is in formation. We found that adolescents and emerging adults can readily recount intergenerational stories from parents, and that many of these stories serve to build relationships with the parent, provide insights about parents, provide insights about self, and transmit life lessons. The specific findings by narrative topic and by gender of both participant and parent are discussed.
Antenatal prevention of cerebral palsy and childhood disability: is the impossible possible?
Authors: Ellery Stacey J. , Kelleher Meredith , Grigsby Peta , Burd Irina , Derks Jan B. , Hirst Jon , Miller Suzanne L. , Sherman Larry S. , Tolcos Mary , Walker David W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis review covers our current knowledge of the causes of perinatal brain injury leading to cerebral palsy‐like outcomes, and argues that much of this brain damage is preventable. We review the experimental evidence that there are treatments that can be safely administered to women in late pregnancy that decrease the likelihood and extent of perinatal brain damage that occurs because of acute and severe hypoxia that arises during some births, and the additional impact of chronic fetal hypoxia, infection, inflammation, growth restriction and preterm birth. We discuss the types of interventions required to ameliorate or even prevent apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and the vulnerability of all the major cell types in the brain (neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, cerebral vasculature) to hypoxia/ischaemia, and whether a pan‐protective treatment given to the mother before birth is a realistic prospect.
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Transverse cardiac slicing and optical imaging for analysis of transmural gradients in membrane potential and Ca2+ transients in murine heart
Authors: Wen Q. , Gandhi K. , Capel Rebecca A. , Hao G. , O'Shea C. , Neagu G. , Pearcey S. , Pavlovic D. , Terrar Derek A. , Wu J. , Faggian G. , Camelliti Patrizia , Lei M. 
Published: June 2018

Key points
A robust cardiac slicing approach was developed for optical mapping of transmural gradients in transmembrane potential (Vm) and intracellular Ca2+ transient (CaT) of murine heart.
Significant transmural gradients in Vm and CaT were observed in the left ventricle.
Frequency‐dependent action potentials and CaT alternans were observed in all ventricular regions with rapid pacing, with significantly greater incidence in the endocardium than epicardium.
The observations demonstrate the feasibility of our new approach to cardiac slicing for systematic analysis of intrinsic transmural and regional gradients in Vm and CaT.
AbstractTransmural and regional gradients in membrane potential and Ca2+ transient in the murine heart are largely unexplored. Here, we developed and validated a robust approach which combines transverse ultra‐thin cardiac slices and high resolution optical mapping to enable systematic analysis of transmural and regional gradients in transmembrane potential (Vm) and intracellular Ca2+ transient (CaT) across the entire murine ventricles. The voltage dye RH237 or Ca2+ dye Rhod‐2 AM were loaded through the coronary circulation using a Langendorff perfusion system. Short‐axis slices (300 μm thick) were prepared from the entire ventricles (from the apex to the base) by using a high‐precision vibratome. Action potentials (APs) and CaTs were recorded with optical mapping during steady‐state baseline and rapid pacing. Significant transmural gradients in Vm and CaT were observed in the left ventricle, with longer AP duration (APD50 and APD75) and CaT duration (CaTD50 and CaTD75) in the endocardium compared with that in the epicardium. No significant regional gradients were observed along the apico‐basal axis of the left ventricle. Interventricular gradients were detected with significantly shorter APD50, APD75 and CaTD50 in the right ventricle compared with left ventricle and ventricular septum. During rapid pacing, AP and CaT alternans were observed in most ventricular regions, with significantly greater incidence in the endocardium in comparison with epicardium. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate the feasibility of our new approach to cardiac slicing for systematic analysis of intrinsic transmural and regional gradients in Vm and CaT in murine ventricular tissue.
Maternal weight and infections in early childhood: a cohort study
Authors: Videholm Samuel , Silfverdal Sven-Arne , Reniers Georges 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine this association between maternal weight during pregnancy and the incidence of hospitalisations for infectious diseases during early childhood.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingA national cohort was created by combining data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the National Inpatient Register, the Cause of Death Register, the Total Population Register and the Longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies.Patients693 007 children born in Sweden between 1998 and 2006.Main outcome measuresNumber of hospitalisations for infectious diseases during the first 5 years of life, overall and for categories of infectious diseases (lower respiratory, enteric, upper respiratory, genitourinary, perinatal, skin and soft tissue, neurological and eye, digestive tract, bloodstream and other infections).ResultsOverweight (body mass index (BMI) 25.0–29.9) and obesity (BMI≥30) during pregnancy were associated with a higher overall incidence of hospitalisations for infectious diseases, adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.06) and adjusted IRR 1.18 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.21). Overweight and obesity during pregnancy were strongly associated with perinatal infections, adjusted IRR 1.34 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.44) and adjusted IRR 1.72 (95% CI 1.57 to 1.88). In contrast, we found no association between maternal weight during pregnancy and infections of skin and soft tissue, the nervous system, the digestive tract or the bloodstream.ConclusionsWe observed an association between overweight and obesity during pregnancy, and hospitalisations for infectious diseases during early childhood.
Cycloplegic refraction by 1% cyclopentolate in young adults: is it the gold standard? The Anyang University Students Eye Study (AUSES)
Authors: Sun Yun-Yun , Wei Shi-Fei , Li Shi-Ming , Hu Jian-Ping , Yang Xiao-Hui , Cao Kai , Lin Cai-Xia , Du Jia-Ling , Guo Ji-Yuan , Li He , Liu Luo-Ru , Morgan Ian G , Wang Ning-li 
Published: June 2018

AimsTo document the difference between non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction and explore its associated factors in Chinese young adults. MethodsA school-based study including 7971 undergraduates was conducted in Anyang, Henan Province, China. Cycloplegia was achieved with two drops of 1% cyclopentolate and 1 drop of Mydrin P (Tropicamide 0.5%, phenylephrine HCl 0.5%) with a 5 min interval. Non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refractions were measured by an autorefractor. A paired-sample t-test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for analysis with data from only the right eyes included. ResultsOf the 7971 students examined, 7793 (97.8%) with complete data were included, aging 20.2±1.5 years. Male students accounted for 36.8%. Overall, there was a significant difference between non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic SE (spherical equivalent) of 0.83±0.81D (p<0.01). The difference was 1.80±1.11D, 1.26±0.93D and 0.69±0.69D for those with cycloplegic hyperopia, emmetropia and myopia, respectively (p<0.01 for all). Those with a hyperopic shift less than 0.25D and 0.5D accounted for 11.1% and 34.1%, respectively. A significant relationship was found between difference in SE and cycloplegic refraction (r=0.33, b=0.11, p<0.01). Without cycloplegia, prevalence of hyperopia and emmetropia would be underestimated by 6.2% (1.0% vs 7.2%) and 5.7% (3.8% vs 9.5%), respectively, with prevalence of myopia and high myopia overestimated by 12.1% (95.3% vs 83.2%) and 6.1% (17.2% vs 11.1%). ConclusionLack of cycloplegia will lead to significant misclassification of myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia in Chinese young adults. Cycloplegia is therefore essential for this age-group in epidemiological studies.
MR signal intensity: staying on the bright side in MR image interpretation
Authors: Bloem Johan L , Reijnierse Monique , Huizinga Tom W J , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H M 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn 2003, the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded for contribution to the invention of MRI, reflecting the incredible value of MRI for medicine. Since 2003, enormous technical advancements have been made in acquiring MR images. However, MRI has a complicated, accident-prone dark side; images are not calibrated and respective images are dependent on all kinds of subjective choices in the settings of the machine, acquisition technique parameters, reconstruction techniques, data transmission, filtering and postprocessing techniques. The bright side is that understanding MR techniques increases opportunities to unravel characteristics of tissue. In this viewpoint, we summarise the different subjective choices that can be made to generate MR images and stress the importance of communication between radiologists and rheumatologists to correctly interpret images.