bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the prevalence of palliative needs and exploring screening accuracy of depression and anxiety items of a patient reported outcome measure – a multi-centre study
Authors: Antunes Bárbara Pereira , Rodrigues Pedro Pereira , Higginson Irene J. , Ferreira Pedro Lopes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: patients with palliative needs often experience high symptom burden which causes suffering to themselves and their families. Depression and psychological distress should not be considered a “normal event” in advanced disease patients and should be screened, diagnosed, acted on and followed-up. Evidence shows that psychological distress has been associated with greater physical symptom severity, suffering, and mortality in cancer patients. A holistic, but short measure should be used for physical and non-physical needs assessment. The Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale is one such measure. This work aims to determine palliative needs of patients and explore screening accuracy of two items pertaining to psychological needs. Methods: multi-centred observational study using convenience sampling. Data were collected in 9 Portuguese centres. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years, mentally fit to give consent, diagnosed with an incurable, potentially life-threatening illness. Exclusion criteria: patient in distress, cognitively impaired. Descriptive statistics used for demographics. Receiving Operator Characteristics curves and Area Under the Curve for anxiety and depression discriminant properties against the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: 1703 individuals were screened between July 1st, 2015 and February 2016. A total of 135 (7.9%) were included. Main reason for exclusion was being healthy (75.2%). The primary care centre screened most individuals, as they have the highest rates of daily patients and the majority are healthy. Mean age is 66.8 years (SD 12.7), 58 (43%) are female. Most patients had a cancer diagnosis 109 (80.7%). Items scoring highest (=4) were: family or friends anxious or worried (36.3%); feeling anxious or worried about illness (13.3%); feeling depressed (9.6%). Using a cut-off score of 2/3, Area Under the Curve for depression and anxiety items were above 70%. Conclusions: main palliative needs were psychological, family related and spiritual. This suggests that clinical teams may better manage physical issues and there is room for improvement regarding non-physical needs. Using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale systematically could aid clinical teams screening patients for distressing needs and track their progress in assisting patients and families with those issues. Trial Registration: Not applicable. This was not an intervention study.
Analysis of Soybean DREB Transcription Factors Family and DREB Time Expression Profile under Drought Stress
Authors: Zhou Yaxing , Zhou Wei , Liu Hui , Liu Peng , Li Zhigang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: DREB transcription factors regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes, and thus play an important role in plant stress response to abiotic stresses. To obtain a global expression profile of soybean DREB genes under drought stress, we first explored the soybean genome to identify DREB family genes, and then analyzed a set of transcriptome data of drought stress to verify their involvement in stress response. Results: We identified 73 DREB family genes from the soybean genome. These DREB genes were further divided into six subgroups basing on the phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure analysis showed that most DREB genes have a single exon. Soybean DREB genes were unevenly distributed on 19 chromosomes. We further identified 186 putative target genes of soybean DREB proteins and found that these targeted genes were significantly enriched in metabolism pathways of fructose and mannose. The analysis of transcriptome data after 4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours of drought, the expression of DREB genes were constantly increased, indicating that the DREB family genes responded to drought stress. Conclusion: We identified 73 DREB genes from soybean genome and analyzed their features including gene structures, protein motifs, and putative target genes.
Reflection on research methods: The before and after study.
Authors: Cheik-Hussein Mohammad , Harris Ian , Lewin Adriane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Before and after studies allow for the investigation of population-level health interventions and are a valuable study design in situations where randomisation is not feasible. The before and after study design involves measuring an outcome both before and after an intervention and comparing the outcome rates in both time periods to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. These studies do not involve a contemporaneous control group and must therefore take into account any underlying secular trends in order to separate the effect of the intervention from any pre-existing trend. Neglecting this important step can lead to spurious results.Methods To illustrate the importance of accounting for underlying trends, we performed a before and after study assessing 30-day mortality in hip fracture patients without any actual intervention, and instead designated an arbitrarily-chosen time-point as our ‘intervention’. We did this to ensure that we were basing our results exclusively on the underlying trend throughout the studied period and also to enable us to show that even an intervention of nothing may be spuriously interpreted to have an effect if the before and after study is incorrectly analysed. Results We found a secular trend in our data showing improving 30-day mortality in hip fracture patients in our institution. We then demonstrated that disregarding this underlying trend showed that our intervention of nothing ‘resulted’ in a significant decrease in mortality, from 6.7% in the ‘before’ period to 3.1% in the ‘after’ period (p<0.0008). This apparent impact on mortality disappeared when we accounted for the underlying trend in our analysis (IRR of 0.75, 95% CI 0.32 – 1.78; p=0.5). In the context of declining 30-day mortality following hip fracture, failure to consider the existing underlying trend lead us to believe that it was our ‘intervention’ that ‘caused’ the decrease in mortality in the ’after’ period compared to the ‘before’ period when our results clearly show that mortality was decreasing irrespective of any intervention.Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of appropriate measurement and consideration of underlying trends when analysing data from before and after studies and illustrates what can happen should researchers neglect this important step.
Perceived barriers of Reporting Incidents Online Among Internal Medicine Physicians
Authors: Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Yusuf Ibrahim , Al-Mohanadi Dabia , Al-Mohammed Ahmed , Abou-Samra Abdul-Badi , Elzouki Abdel-Naser 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Incident reporting systems (IRS) facilitate incidents' reporting and tracking, and help in identifying gaps in health care (HC). Learnings from incident reports (IR) are extremely valuable. This study aimed to assess physician's knowledge and experience with an online IRS in a large tertiary academic institution and to identify barriers of reporting incidents. Methods: A 21-questions electronic online survey was sent to physicians working in the Internal Medicine Department of Hamad Medical Corporation. Results: A total of 115 physicians (76% trainees and 24% attending faculty) responded to the survey, 59% of them were aware of the availability of IRS at HMC. However, only 29% knew how to submit an online IR, and 20% have ever submitted an IR. The survey revealed that of 46% and 63% of participants are less likely to submit an IR when they or their colleague, respectively, commit an error. The main barriers of reporting incidents were, unawareness about the IRS (36%), inability to access it (26%), the perception that IR does not result in a change (13%), Also, the concern or fear of retaliation (13%). When asked about solutions, 57% recommended training and awareness, and 22% recommended sharing learnings and actions from previous IR. Conclusion: IRS is under-utilized by Internal Medicine physicians. The main barrier at the time of the survey is the lack of training and awareness. Promoting awareness and sharing previous learning and actions may improve the utilization of the IRS.
An exclusion mechanism is epistatic to an internal detoxification mechanism in aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Yu Wancong , Cao Yu , Cai Yanfei , Lyi Sangbom M. , Wu Weiwei , Kang Yan , Liang Cuiyue , LIU JIPING 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In Arabidopsis, the aluminum (Al) exclusion mechanism is mainly facilitated by ALMT1-mediated malate exudation and MATE-mediated citrate releases from the root. Recently, we have demonstrated that coordinated functioning between the ALMT1-mediated exclusion mechanism, via exudation of malate from the root tip, and a NIP1;2-facilitated internal detoxification mechanism, via removal of Al from the root cell wall and subsequent root-to-shoot Al translocation, plays critical roles in achieving overall Al resistance. However, the genetic relationship between ALMT1 and NIP1;2 in these processes remained unclear. Results: Through genetic and physiological analyses, we demonstrate that unlike ALMT1 and MATE, which function independently and additively, ALMT1 and NIP1;2 show an epistatic relationship in Al resistance in Arabidopsis. These results indicate that ALMT1 and NIP1;2 function in the same biochemical pathway, whereas ALMT1 and MATE in different biochemical pathways.Conclusion: The establishment of the epistatic relationship and the coordinated functioning between the ALMT1 and NIP1;2-mediated exclusion and internal detoxification mechanisms are pivotal for achieving overall Al resistance in the non-accumulating Arabidopsis plant. We discuss and emphasize the indispensable roles of the root cell wall for the implementation of the Al exclusion mechanism and for the establishment of the epistatic relationship between the ALMT1-mediated exclusion mechanism and the NIP1;2-facilitated internal detoxification mechanism.
Medium-term Survival Following of Stroke in Yaoundé (Cameroon): a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Wafeu Guy Sadeu , Fozeu Leo , Ongolo-zogo Pierre , Menanga Alain Patrick , Njamnshi Alfred Kongnyu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With 5.7 million deaths per year, stroke is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and 70% of these deaths occur in developing countries especially in relation to inappropriate clinical pathways and resources. The aim of our study was to assess the survival rate of stroke patients within 90 days and to identify its determinants. It was a prospective observational cohort study over a period of 90 days after stroke. Patients were recruited between February and May 2015 in two tertiary hospitals in Yaoundé. The mortality rate was obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Sixty-six patients were enrolled of which 54 were followed up to 90 days. The overall mortality rate was 23.2% (95% CI: 12.5 – 87.5), more than two-thirds of the deaths occurred within the first 30 days. The mortality rates at days 14, 30, 60 day were 9.1% (95% CI: 3.0 – 16.7), 14.3% (95% CI: 6.3 – 23.8) and 21.1% (95% CI: 10.5 – 31.6) respectively. High systolic blood pressure and a low Glasgow coma score on admission were independent risk factors of mortality at 90 days. The stroke related mortality compels appropriate collective mobilization for an early and adequate management of stroke patients.
Defining the minimal effective volume and amount of lidocaine to perform a femoral nerve block under ultrasound control.
Authors: Piacherski Valery , Marachkou Aliaksei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background. The aim of our research was to define the minimal effective volume and amount of lidocaine with added adrenaline (1:200,000) to perform a femoral nerve block under ultrasound control and with neurostimulation.Methods. The chosen starting concentration of lidocaine was 1%, as the most widely applied solution for the peripheral blocks. Subsequently , depending upon the acquired results, we applied 0.75%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, and 4% solutions in volumes that were defined in accordance with the results of the research. All blocks were performed with added adrenaline (1:200,000). In all, 181 blocks of the femoral nerve, in combination with sciatic nerve blocks, were carried out with the help of the electrostimulation of peripheral nerves, and under ultrasound.Results. While measuring the cross-sectional area of the femoral nerve, no valid intergroup differences were observed (p = 0.98). The cross-sectional area of the femoral nerve within the region of the performed block was 0.27 cm2 (range: 0.24–0.3 cm2). Our research indicated that the minimal efficient volume of lidocaine that was necessary for the development of a complete block of the femoral nerve was 5 ml, and the amount of 75 mg. Conclusion. For a complete motor and sensory block of the femoral nerve: the minimum effective volume of local anesthetics was 5 ml; and the minimum effective amount of lidocaine was 75 mg. А complete block of the femoral nerve was achieved only with the spreading of local anesthetic along the whole circumference of the femoral nerve.
High-Throughput Sequencing of Virus-infected Cucurbita pepo Samples Revealed The Presence of Zucchini Shoestring Virus in Zimbabwe
Authors: Karavina Charles , Ibaba Jacques Davy , Gubba Augustine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Plant-infecting viruses remain a serious challenge towards achieving food security worldwide. Cucurbits, in Zimbabwe, like in the other parts of the world, are used in various ways. A small-scaled cucurbit virus survey was conducted in Zimbabwe during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Cucurbit leaf samples displaying virus-like symptoms were collected and stored until analysis. The samples were then subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS). The data generated from NGS were analysed using genomics technologies. Zucchini shoestring virus (ZSSV), a cucurbit-infecting potyvirus previously described in South Africa was one of the viruses identified. The genomes of three ZSSV isolates from Zimbabwe are described in this note. Results: The three ZSSV isolates had the same genome size of 10297 bp excluding the polyA tail with a 43% GC content. The large open reading frame (ORF) was found at positions 69 to 10106 on the genome and encodes a 3345 amino acids long polyprotein which had the same cleavage site sequences as those described on the South African isolates except for the P1-pro site. The smaller ORF, also called the pretty interesting Potyviridae ORF, was located at positions 3611 to 3793 on the genomes for all three ZSSV isolates.
Optimal selection of number and location of pressure sensors in water distribution systems using geostatistical tools coupled with genetic algorithm
Authors: Soroush Fattah , Abedini Mohammad J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a novel methodology for designing an optimal pressure sensor to make average pressure field in water distribution systems (WDS) more accurate via geostatistical tools coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) under normal operating condition. In light of this, the objective function is introduced based on geostatistical technique as variance of residual of block ordinary kriging (BOK). In order to solve the problem of sensor placement, three different approaches, so-called, simplified, exhaustive, and random search optimization are considered. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time whereby geostatistical tools are used to design a pressure monitoring network in the WDS. The proposed methodology is first tested and verified on a literature case study of Anytown WDS and then is applied to a real-world case study referred to as C-Town consisting of five district metered areas (DMAs). The proposed methodology has several advantages over existing more conventional approaches which will be demonstrated in this paper. The results indicate that this method outperforms the conventional paradigms in current use in terms of mathematical labor and the results are quite promising.
Pension Funds ’ Investment Position in the Second Decade of XXI Century
Authors: Emelianov E. V. 
Published: October 2019

The article explores investment position of pension funds which become important actors in the national economies and world investment flows; with comparative analysis of the pension funds based in different countries with different models of pension systems and investment regulatory practices. The role of pension funds as investors is based on accumulating growing funding which become nearly half of total OECD gross domestic product. The assets of pension funds in the second decade of the century are concentrated in US, United Kingdom, Canada, with pension funds in other countries less than 5% for each country. But assets of pension funds based in some other countries show significant growth. The article focuses on the pension funds’ assets structure and compares those in different countries. The perspectives of investment pension assets in the national economies and abroad will depend among other factors on the regulation of pension funds and their investments. Focusing on ensuring better access to different investment opportunities in the domestic market and abroad should go hand in hand with raising standards of risk management in pension fund investment.
People’s adaptive behavior as a social development factor
Authors: Авраамова Елена , Avraamova Elena , Логинов Дмитрий , Loginov Dmitriy 
Published: October 2019

The paper outlines the core approaches to the study of social development; it shows that people’s adaptation strategies can be a factor of social development amidst the sluggish economic growth. It reviews the adaptation resources of the population, quantitatively classifies people by low, medium and high adaptive potential; describes the socio-demographic composition of the respective groups.
The research provides insights into the most widespread adaptation strategies of the population based on a different combination of available social and economic development resources, including labor and financial strategies, investments in human capital, employment in personal households. It studies the link between the implemented strategies with welfare changes in the population groups. The authors construct the typology of adaptive behavior and show that the low resource potential of most people hampers the formation and rollout of effective adaptation.
V.P. Adrianova-Peretts’s Memorial Library As an Artifact of History of Russian Philological Science Rising
Authors: Бородихин Андрей , Borodihin Andrey , Юдин Алексей , Yudin Aleksey 
Published: October 2019

The article characterizes V.P. Adrianova-Peretts’s memorial library that is currently divided into two parts stored in Rare Book and Manuscript Department of the SPSTL SD RAS (Novosibirsk) and the Library of the Institute of the Russian Literature (Pushkin House of the Russian Academy of Sciences) (Saint Petersburg). The collection is based on books purchased by V.N. Peretts (i.e., academician, V.P. Adrianova-Peretts’s husband). The library summarizes research interests because it includes books related to philology, history and literature search methodology, as well as ethnographic and folk books dedicated to various national cultures. The memorial library contains several rarities.
Authors analysed the library composition and sources of several books. Several inscriptions and autographs observed on the library books were submitted and analysed. Records of famous scientists (historians, ethnographers, philologists etc.) were detected among them. Unique D.S. Likhachyov’s inscriptions designed as ornaments of ancient Russian manuscripts were particularly noted.
Method of Protecting Access to the Information Resource of a Mobile Object of Informatization Based on Navigation Key
Authors: Aralbaev T. Z. , Galimov R. R. , Kameneva E. V. , Idrisov A. Sh. , Soldatov A. S. 
Published: October 2019

Актуальность темы определяется широким развитием и применением мобильных вычислительных средств, использующихся для хранения и обработки конфиденциальных информационных ресурсов. Данная работа посвящена вопросам защиты информационных ресурсов в бортовой системе транспортных средств от несанкционированного доступа. Выявлены недостатки существующих подходов защиты подобных систем вследствие широких возможностей злоумышленников вне контролируемых зон воздействия как на средства защиты, так и на пользователей системы. В связи с этим предложен подход защиты информационных ресурсов мобильных вычислительных средств, позволяющий получить доступ только в защищенных зонах. В статье разработана структурная модель многоуровневой системы защиты доступа к информационному ресурсу, включающая следующие уровни: физическую защиту, систему аутентификации, криптографическую и стеганографическую системы. Особенность данного метода заключается в том, что предлагается дополнить правила доступа к ресурсу данных подсистем контролем местоположения мобильного объекта информатизации. Это достигается за счет формирования ключей криптографической и стеганографической систем с учетом данных о географических координатах мобильного объекта. На основе данной модели разработано программное средство для защиты доступа к информационному ресурсу с учетом навигационного ключа, позволяющее повысить уровень защищенности мобильных объектов информатизации.
Diversidad y ecología de macrohongos en la Reserva Llancahue: un sitio prioritario para la conservación
Authors: Barría Díaz Daniela Fabiola 
Published: October 2019

Llancahue corresponde a un fragmento de bosque templado lluvioso, que se constituye en una verdadera reserva de la biodiversidad ubicada en la zona costera de la Región de Los Ríos. Con una superficie aproximada de 1.300 hectáreas, no sólo constituye la principal fuente de agua para la ciudad de Valdivia, sino que también presenta uno de los bosques más antiguos de la Provincia, por lo cual la Reserva Llancahue fue declarada recientemente como área protegida con fines de conservación y desarrollo sostenible. Debido a la escasa información existente sobre la diversidad de hongos presentes en la Reserva, se realizó muestreos estacionales durante el año 2016 e inicios del año 2017, con el fin de realizar un levantamiento de información sobre el componente hongos en este ecosistema boscoso. Los resultados obtenidos corresponden a un total de 38 especies de hongos determinadas de las cuales 23 son saprótrofas (50%), 11 ectomicorrícicas (28%) y 4 parásitas (13%), siendo otoño la época con mayor fructificación de hongos.
DETERMINATION OF ARGININE AND ASCORBIC ACID IN EFFERVESCENT TABLETS BY MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: E. Rech Andrea , P. Farina Cristina , C. Lukasewicz Ferreira Pamela , Miron Diogo 
Published: October 2019

This paper describes a fast and direct method for quantification of arginine and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in effervescent tablets. HPLC-UV multidimensional chromatography (RP18 and cyanopropyl columns) was developed and validated. Phosphate buffer 10 mMpH 3.4 was used as mobile phase. Satisfactory resolution between the drugs was obtained with analysis time less than 8.0 min. Method was linear in the ranges of 140-320 mg.mL-1 and 240-560 mg.mL-1 for arginine and ascorbic acid, respectively. Precision showed RSD <2.0%. Recovery was 99.5% and 100.0% for arginine and ascorbic acid, respectively. Robustness was confirmed through factorial analysis 22 (pH and mobile phase flow rate as factors).