bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative effects of H+ and Pi on force and power of skeletal muscle fibres from young and older adults
Authors: Sundberg Christopher W. , Teigen Laura E. , Hunter Sandra K. , Fitts Robert H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe cellular causes of the age‐related loss in power output and increased fatigability are unresolved. We previously observed that the depressive effects of hydrogen (H+) (pH 6.2) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) (30 mm) did not differ in muscle fibres from young and older men. However, the effects may have been saturated in the severe fatigue‐mimicking condition, potentially masking age differences in the sensitivity of the cross‐bridge to these metabolites. Thus, we compared the contractile mechanics of muscle fibres from the vastus lateralis of 13 young (20–32 years, seven women) and 12 older adults (70–90 years, six women) in conditions mimicking quiescent muscle and a range of elevated H+ (pH 6.8–6.6–6.2) and Pi (12–20–30 mm). The older adult knee extensor muscles showed hallmark signs of ageing, including 19% lower thigh lean mass, 60% lower power and a greater fatigability compared to young adult muscles. Progressively increasing concentrations of H+ and Pi in the chemically‐permeabilized fibre experiments caused a linear decrease in fibre force, velocity and power; however, the effects did not differ with age or sex. Fast fibre cross‐sectional area was 41% smaller in older compared to young adults, which corresponded with lower absolute power. Size‐specific power was greater in fibres from older compared to young adults, indicating the age‐related decline in absolute power was explained by differences in fibre size. These data suggest the age‐related loss in power is determined primarily by fast fibre atrophy in men and women, but the age‐related increase in fatigability cannot be explained by an increased sensitivity of the cross‐bridge to H+ and Pi.
imageKey points
The causes of the age‐related loss in muscle power output and the increase in fatigability during dynamic exercise remain elusive.
We show that progressively increasing concentrations of hydrogen (H+) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) causes a linear decrease in muscle fibre force, velocity and power, but the depressive effects of these metabolites on cross‐bridge function did not differ in fibres from older compared to young adults across a range of fatigue‐mimicking conditions.
We also found peak absolute power did not differ in slow fibres from young and older adults but it was ∼33% lower in older adult fast fibres, which was explained entirely by age differences in fibre size.
These data suggest that fast fibre atrophy is a major factor contributing to the loss in power of older men and women, but that the age‐related increase in fatigability cannot be explained by an increased sensitivity of the cross‐bridge to H+ and Pi.
Products Distribution and Reaction Kinetics From Co-Pyrolysis of Pinewood and Polypropylene Under Non-Catalytic and Catalytic Reaction Conditions
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Wang Zhiwei , Guo Na , Zhang Mengju , Li Zaifeng , Yang Shuhua , Li Zhuo , Liu Ruijie , Lei Tingzhou , Burra Kiranraj G. , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Co-pyrolysis technology offers vital pathways for the efficient utilization of plastics and biomass resources to help reduce environmental problems and energy resource issues. The pyrolysis characteristics of pinewood and polypropylene (PP) mixtures were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a decrease in the first peak of the mixture with an increase in PP in the mixture, while the second peak increased with an increase in PP in the mixture. The addition of a catalyst decreased the DTG peak heights. The reduction in the first peak with different catalysts was in the order: CaO/ZSM-5 &gt; CaO &gt; ZSM-5, while the second peak showed: CaO &gt; CaO/ZSM-5 &gt; ZSM-5. The activation energy, calculated by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, and Friedman models, revealed that ZSM-5 reduced the activation energy, whereas CaO/ZSM-5 increased the activation energy, as compared to no catalyst case. Increase of co-pyrolysis temperature reduced the yield of aldehydes, ketones, acids, and esters, but increased the yield of hydrocarbons. The addition of CaO reduced the yield of ketones, phenols, esters, and acids, while it increased the yield of alcohols. The addition of ZSM-5 also decreased the yield of ketones, phenols, acids, and hydrocarbons, but increased the yield of furans and alcohols. The addition of CaO/ZSM-5 specifically reduced the yield of aldehydes and alcohols. The results show the important role of the specific catalysts examined on the resulting products distribution for the same reaction condition.
Mechanisms of Enhanced Cooling by Sidewall Modification in a Microtube Cold Plate
Authors: Liu Y. , Schekman S. W. , Zhang K. , Lu T. J. , Kim T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The thermofluidic effectiveness of a microtube cold plate with sidewall modification has been disputed. This study settles the dispute by detailing how such sidewall modification—hemi-circular cavities arranged along a straight circular microtube embedded with a cold plate—enhances cooling. To this end, a series of numerical simulations for a single microtube cold plate in a practical range of Reynolds numbers (20 ≤ ReD ≤ 200) are carried out. For experimental validation, flow development and pressure drop in both reference and modified microtubes are characterized respectively by microparticle image velocimetry and pneumatic pressure measurements, while surface temperatures on both cold plates' substrates subjected to uniform heat flux are measured by infrared thermography. The results agree that the boundary layer development in each throat, a short straight coolant passage that connects successive cavities, indeed enhances the cooling in the cold plate with the wall modification. However, in contrast to its sole contribution argued previously, a non-negligible source of thermal enhancement is identified. The coolant flow approaching each throat noticeably bifurcates across the throat and cavity sidewall. Thereafter, a boundary layer develops along concave sidewalls and subsequently circulates within each cavity, generating high wall shear stresses upstream of each throat and significantly elevating local cooling. In conclusion, the local cooling both “upstream” and “in” throats plays a dominant role in enhancing the overall cooling in the cold plate with wall modification, up to 40% over the reference microtube cold plate in the Reynolds number range considered.
On the Thermal Conductivity Calculation From Pore-Scale Simulations of Porous Materials
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Heat transfer in porous materials is of great importance for various natural, biological, and industrial processes. For the large difference between the microscopic and macroscopic dimensions, the volume averaging method (VAM) has been developed to obtain apparent thermal conductivity at the macroscopic level for the microscopic temperature and flow distributions, which can be calculated from the pore-scale simulations. In this article, we perform analysis on the influence of different representative element volume (REV) options on the validity of the thermal equilibrium assumption and the VAM calculated thermal conductivity coefficients. Numerical results from a demonstration simulation are also presented to verify and illustrate the theoretical analysis. Our results and discussion reveal a strong dependence of the thermal equilibrium condition and the calculated conductivity values on REV selection, while this should not be the case since the artificial REV selection should not affect the physical features of a system. This work raises long-time over-looked concerns and calls for caution in future relevant studies.
FC-72 Pool Boiling From Finned Surface Placed in a Narrow Channel: Influence of Displacement of Boiling Surface
Authors: Misale Mario , Marchitto Annalisa , Bocanegra Johan Augusto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper outlines an experimental investigation into fundamental nucleate boiling phenomena involving finned surfaces within a narrow channel. The study delves into the effects of both channel width (2.0 mm and 0.5 mm) and the orientation of the base surface (whether horizontal or vertical). Experimental trials were conducted using a saturated pool of FC-72. Comparative analysis is presented between the experimental data obtained in the confined narrow channel and the unconfined scenario of extended surfaces. Notably, the reduction in channel width exhibits negligible influence on heat transfer to the liquid when the base surface is vertically oriented. However, in the case of a horizontally oriented base surface, a substantial reduction in heat transfer behavior is observed. Beyond a critical point, vapor stagnation within the gap is identified, marking a noteworthy phenomenon after reaching the maximum heat flux. This paper contributes valuable insights into the nuanced effects of channel confinement on boiling heat transfer, particularly in relation to the orientation of the boiling surface.
A Multi-Optical and Mechanical Compensation Robotic Surgery System Based on Augmented Reality for Endoscopic Neurosurgery
Authors: Li Yuhua , Ma Shixing , Yang Zhiyong , Jiang Shan , Lin Zhaoxi , Zhou Zeyang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Endoscopic treatment is a widely employed clinical modality for the rapid reduction of cranial pressure in cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We are working to make endoscopic surgery simpler and more effective by providing surgeons with robot and augmented reality (AR). This paper proposes an AR-based multi-optical and mechanical compensation robotic surgical system that can precisely match the virtual hematoma region with the anatomical structures seen under a robot-wielded neuroendoscope. The custom mark unified multi-optical localization system enables optical tracking over a wide range of angles and breadths. The neuroendoscope registration employs a multimodal error compensation approach based on an optical tracking system and the kinematic model of the robotic arm. Utilizing innovative methods, we register patients, medical images, optical localizers, and both neuroendoscopic and robotic coordinate systems, thereby enabling dual-view AR tracking through video-stream fusion. In multimodal error compensation for neuroendoscopic registration, the calibration error is 0.37 mm. The system's performance was evaluated through ten phantom experiments, showing the registration accuracy of 0.39±0.10 mm, optical localizer AR fusion accuracy of 3.30±1.08%, neuroendoscope AR fusion accuracy of 5.22±1.02%, and optical localizer AR average distance and angle accuracies of 1.73±0.21 mm and 0.38±0.13 deg, respectively. The AR-based robotic surgical system (ARSS) overlays virtual lesions onto the current endoscopic view of the real lesions in real-time, which can help surgeons to localize lesions hidden deep in tissue by an endoscopy. It is anticipated that the ARSS will reduce surgeon fatigue and improve the intuitiveness of endoscopic surgery.
Hydrogen Cofiring Demonstration at Constellation Hillabee Siemens Energy SGT6-6000G Power Plant
Authors: Harper Jim , Gibeaut Duane , Lozier Mark , Sake Richard , Wolf Thorsten , Noble David R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gas turbines will need to reduce CO2 emissions and prove their flexibility based on market needs and new proposed rules. Economically, utilizing existing gas turbine assets to meet these requirements will be of great benefit as compared to building new turbines. Even better, determining the lowest cost least intrusive upgrades required is of great interest to power producers. The demonstration described here was conducted on one (1) gas turbine (GT) unit at the Constellation Hillabee power plant (Siemens Energy SGT6-6000G 2 × 1 configuration), which doubled the mass flow of hydrogen of previous record-breaking dry low NOx (DLN) demonstrations. The testing was done on an unaltered, existing GT asset, which provides great value for those GTs, which are already providing power using natural gas. The demonstrated hydrogen blending percentage of 38.8% (resulting in approximately 18% reduction in CO2 emissions) proved the system capable of meeting the first best system of emissions reduction goals set forth in recent proposed U.S. EPA gas turbine rules. Such demonstrations are of critical importance as they show the inherent capability to meet reduced carbon power generation requirements without more significant cost outlays. This report documents the evaluation, preparation, execution, and results from this demonstration testing. The results are provided for the gas turbine community to use as insight into the capability and flexibility of existing assets to meet the future demands of reduced carbon power generation. Specific information around safety, reliability, emissions, and operability are discussed to provide context around existing asset capability.
Injury Incidence and Severity Rates in Male Professional Rugby-15’s: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thomas Adam , Davis Kelsea , Regnier Abigail , Lopes Alexandre Dias 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify the injury and severity rates of injuries experienced by male professional rugby-15 players. Method: A systematic review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Studies were included if published within the past 10 years (2013-present), were peer-reviewed, provided injury incidence rate during matches or training, and focused on male, professional, Rugby-15 players. The review was preregistered in PROSPERO before starting the search process (CRD42023471046). Four electronic databases (PubMed Central, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and SPORTDiscus) were searched. The modified Downs and Black scale was used for each article to assess the risk of bias. Results: Forwards were estimated to experience injuries at a rate of 5.7–106.4/1,000 player-hours, whereas backs were estimated at a rate of 8.6–86.8/1,000 player-hours. Muscles/tendons (1.38–46.6/1,000 player-hours) and joints/ligaments (1.49–54.5/1,000 player-hours) were most frequently affected. The knee (11.1–14.6/1,000 player-hours) and head/face (11.2–18.3/1,000 player-hours) were the most injured body regions, with recurrent injuries resulting in more time lost than new injuries (28–51 days vs. 22–35 days). Conclusions: The existing literature demonstrates heterogeneous injury incidence and severity estimates for male professional rugby-15 players. Data suggests an increased injury incidence rate among forwards compared with backs and for match play versus training, with recurrent injuries increasing the burden on athletes.
The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association Between 24-Hour Movement Behavior Compositions With Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in 6-Year-Old Children
Authors: Bourke Matthew , Alsop Tahlia , Peters Rachel L. , Cassim Raisa , Wake Melissa , Tang Mimi L.K. , Koplin Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Few studies have examined the association between 24-hour movement behaviors and health in children in their first 2 years of primary school. This study aimed to examine how 24-hour movement behavior compositions at age 6 were related to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at ages 6 and 10. Methods: A subsample of 361 children from the HealthNuts cohort study with valid accelerometer data was included in the cross-sectional analysis. Of these, 279 had longitudinal data for social-emotional outcomes and 113 had longitudinal anthropometric data. Children’s 24-hour movement behaviors (ie, sleep, sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity [MVPA]) were assessed over 8 days using accelerometery and activity logs. BMI z score and waist circumference were assessed using standardized protocols, and parents reported on their child’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were estimated using compositional data analysis and compositional isotemporal substitution analysis. Results: Overall, 24-hour movement behaviors were significantly related to internalizing symptoms cross-sectionally and longitudinally and BMI z-score cross-sectionally. Results from compositional isotemporal substitution models indicated that replacing sedentary time or light-intensity physical activity with MVPA was associated with fewer internalizing symptoms at ages 6 and 10. Replacing time spent sedentary and in light-intensity physical activity or MVPA with sleep was associated with lower BMI z score at age 6. Conclusion: Spending more time in MVPA relative to other movement behaviors is associated with fewer internalizing symptoms. In additional, spending more time sleeping is associated with lower BMI z score and waist circumference in children.
Protective threshold of a potent neutralizing Zika virus monoclonal antibody in rhesus macaques
Authors: Nkolola Joseph P. , Hope David , Guan Ruoran , Colarusso Alessandro , Aid Malika , Weiss Deborah , Misamore John , Andersen Hanne , Lewis Mark G. , Williamson Lauren , Carnahan Robert H. , Crowe James E. , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that caused a global pandemic in 2016–2017 with continued ongoing transmission at low levels in several countries. In the absence of an approved ZIKV vaccine, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provide an option for the prevention and treatment of ZIKV infection. Previous studies identified a potent neutralizing human mAb ZIKV-117 that reduced fetal infection and death in mice following ZIKV challenge. In this study, we report exquisite potency of ZIKV-117-LALA-YTE, which has been engineered to reduce Fc receptor binding and to extend half-life, in a titration study in rhesus macaques to protect against ZIKV challenge. We show complete protection at a dose of 0.016 mg/kg ZIKV-117-LALA-YTE, which resulted in median serum concentrations of 0.13 µg/mL. The high potency of this mAb supports its potential clinical development as a novel biotherapeutic intervention for ZIKV.

IMPORTANCE
In this study, we report the potency of the Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific neutralizing antibody ZIKV-117-LALA-YTE against ZIKV challenge in a titration study rhesus macaques. This high potency supports the further development of this monoclonal antibody for ZIKV.
Discovery and characterization of complete genomes of 38 head-tailed proviruses in four predominant phyla of archaea
Authors: Xu Tianqi , Ni Yimin , Li Hailing , Wu Shuang , Yan Shuling , Chen Lanming , Yu Yongxin , Wang Yongjie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Archaea play a significant role in natural ecosystems and the human body. Archaeal viruses exert a considerable influence on the structure and composition of archaeal communities and their associated ecological environments. The present study revealed the complete genomes of 38 archaeal head-tailed proviruses through comprehensive data mining. The hosts of these proviruses were identified as belonging to the following four dominant phyla:
Halobacteriota
,
Thermoplasmatota
,
Thermoproteota
, and
Nanoarchaeota
. In addition to the 14 proviruses of halophilic archaea related to the
Graaviviridae
family, the remaining proviruses exhibited limited genetic similarities to known (pro)viruses, suggesting the existence of 14 potential novel families. Of the 38 archaeal proviruses, 30 have the potential to lyse host cells. Eleven proviruses contain genes linked to antiviral defense mechanisms, including those involved in restriction modification (RM), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated (CRISPR–Cas) nucleases, defense island system associated with restriction-modification (DISARM), and DNA degradation (Dnd). Moreover, auxiliary metabolic genes were identified in the proviruses of
Bathyarchaeia
and
Halobacteriota
archaea, including those involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Our findings indicate the diversity of archaeal viruses, their interactions with archaeal hosts, and their roles in the adaptation of the host.

IMPORTANCE

The field of archaeal virology has seen a rapid expansion through the use of metagenomics, yet the diversity of these viruses remains largely uncharted. In this study, the complete genomes of 38 novel archaeal proviruses were identified for the following four dominant phyla:
Halobacteriota
,
Thermoplasmatota
,
Thermoproteota
, and
Nanoarchaeota
. Two families and six genera of Archaea were the first to be identified as hosts for viruses. The proviruses were found to contain diverse genes that were involved in distinct adaptation strategies of viruses to hosts. Our findings contribute to the expansion of the lineages of archaeal viruses and highlight their intricate interactions and essential roles in enabling host survival and adaptation to diverse environmental conditions.
Performance evaluation of the high-throughput quantitative Alinity m Epstein-Barr virus assay
Authors: Goldstein D. Yitzchak , Sasaki Mark M. , Narlieva Momka , Nhan Nhi , Liu Tianxi , Kegl April , Akter Tanjina , Dickerson Tanisha , Thornton Eriel , Jim Patricia , Young Stephen , Lucic Danijela , Hirschhorn Julie W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Molecular testing for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a cornerstone of care to prevent adverse outcomes in immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients. We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of the quantitative Alinity m EBV assay for plasma sample testing on the fully automated Alinity m platform. Assay lower limit of detection and precision were determined using commercially available panels in plasma. Alinity m EBV detected 100% of panels at 1.3 Log IU/mL, and precision ranged from 1.9% to 5.2% coefficients of variance (SD ≤ 0.14 Log IU/mL). Remnant-de-identified specimens initially tested with the Eurofins Viracor EBV Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) (
n
= 357), ELITech EBV LDT (
n
= 113), University of Washington (UW) LDT (
n
= 151), or Roche cobas EBV assay (
n
= 148) were subsequently tested with the Alinity m EBV assay. Comparison of the Alinity m EBV assay and Eurofins Viracor EBV assay demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.762 and mean bias of −0.48 Log IU/mL, comparison of the Alinity m EBV assay with UW LDT demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.970 and mean bias of −0.24 Log IU/mL, and comparison of the Alinity m EBV assay with cobas EBV demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.964 and mean bias of 0.35 Log IU/mL. The Alinity m EBV assay demonstrated high precision across the analytical measurement range and produced comparable results to the EBV test of record assays. These findings support the utility of the fully automated Alinity m EBV assay in transplant patient management.

IMPORTANCE
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and reactivation are associated with increased risk for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in transplant recipients with the development of PTLD occurring predominantly within a year of transplant. Quantitative PCR for EBV is used to monitor the viral load of EBV with a negative result as a good negative predictor of PTLD. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) with high sensitivity and specificity are available on fully automated high-throughput instruments to provide accurate quantitation and improve test result turn-around time. This study evaluates the analytical and clinical performance of one such NAAT, the Alinity m EBV assay.