bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi‐automatic fault/fracture interpretation based on seismic geometry analysis
Authors: Di Haibin , AlRegib Ghassan 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTFault and fracture interpretation is a fundamental but essential tool for subsurface structure mapping and modelling from 3D seismic data. The existing methods for semi‐automatic/automatic fault picking are primarily based on seismic discontinuity analysis that evaluates the lateral changes in seismic waveform and/or amplitude, which is limited by its low resolution on subtle faults and fractures without apparent vertical displacements in seismic images. This study presents an innovative workflow for computer‐aided fault/fracture interpretation based on seismic geometry analysis. First, the seismic curvature and flexure attributes are estimated for highlighting both the major faults and the subtle fractures in a seismic volume. Then, fault probability is estimated from the curvature and flexure volumes for differentiation between the potential faults and non‐faulting features in the geometric attributes. Finally, the seeded fault picking is implemented for interpreting the target faults and fractures guided by the knowledge of interpreters to avoid misinterpretation and artefacts in the presence of faulting complexities as well as coherent seismic noises. Applications to two 3D seismic volumes from the Netherlands North Sea and the offshore New Zealand demonstrate the added values of the proposed method in imaging and picking the subtle faults and fractures that are often overlooked in the conventional seismic discontinuity analysis and the following fault‐interpretation procedures.
Humour in clinical–educational interactions between graduate student clinicians and people with aphasia
Authors: Archer Brent , Azios Jamie H. , Moody Samantha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring clinical interactions, clinicians and people with aphasia (PWA) use humour and laughter for a range of purposes, most of which contribute to friendly interactions in which the participants appear to develop a positive regard for one another. Moreover, humour is a vital component of facework, or the processes interactants engage in to protect their own and one another's well‐respected, public personas.AimsTo examine the ways in which speech–language pathology graduate student clinicians enlist humour during one‐on‐one therapy sessions for PWA.Methods & ProceduresThree dyads composed of one graduate student clinician and one person with aphasia acted as participants. We recorded six routine individual aphasia therapy sessions that were each about 60 min in length. All sessions were orthographically transcribed by a trained research assistant. Transcriptions included verbal and non‐speech communication (e.g., facial expressions, gestures, writing). For analysis, we employed an ethnographic microanalysis framework. First, by focusing on laughter produced by the interactants, we identified segments in the data that involved clinician‐led humour. Next, we sought to understand patterns that represented potential functions of humour. We consciously sought out instances that did not appear consistent with our developing understanding of the functions of humour. Such negative cases were used to refine our description of how graduate student clinicians use humour. Other verification procedures included member checking and peer debriefing.Outcomes & ResultsThe findings illustrate that graduate student clinicians use laughter and humour for a range of interactional purposes when interacting with clients with aphasia. Humour was used as a means of (1) softening exposure to client's errors, (2) equalizing interactional power, (3) mitigating errors made by graduate student clinicians, (4) supporting own narrative production and (5) demonstrating affiliation.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe current study demonstrates that graduate student clinicians we observed, like the clinicians studied in previous investigations of humour in therapeutic encounters, possess the humour and laughter‐related skills that help to foster positive interactions with PWA. Future investigations of the source of these skills should determine if students are adept because of natural abilities or if students can be taught to be better interactants via instruction. Findings emanating from these studies can be used to inform curriculum design, which will in turn help our field better meet the needs of clients.
STRIDER NZAus: a multicentre randomised controlled trial of sildenafil therapy in early‐onset fetal growth restriction
Authors: Groom KM , McCowan LM , Mackay LK , Lee AC , Gardener G , Unterscheider J , Sekar R , Dickinson JE , Muller P , Reid RA , Watson D , Welsh A , Marlow J , Walker SP , Hyett J , Morris J , Stone PR , Baker PN 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of maternal sildenafil therapy on fetal growth in pregnancies with early‐onset fetal growth restriction.DesignA randomised placebo‐controlled trial.SettingThirteen maternal–fetal medicine units across New Zealand and Australia.PopulationWomen with singleton pregnancies affected by fetal growth restriction at 22+0 to 29+6 weeks.MethodsWomen were randomised to oral administration of 25 mg sildenafil citrate or visually matching placebo three times daily until 32+0 weeks, birth or fetal death (whichever occurred first).Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of pregnancies with an increase in fetal growth velocity. Secondary outcomes included live birth, survival to hospital discharge free of major neonatal morbidity and pre‐eclampsia.ResultsSildenafil did not affect the proportion of pregnancies with an increase in fetal growth velocity; 32/61 (52.5%) sildenafil‐treated, 39/57 (68.4%) placebo‐treated [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.49, 95% CI 0.23–1.05] and had no effect on abdominal circumference Z‐scores (P = 0.61). Sildenafil use was associated with a lower mean uterine artery pulsatility index after 48 hours of treatment (1.56 versus 1.81; P = 0.02). The live birth rate was 56/63 (88.9%) for sildenafil‐treated and 47/59 (79.7%) for placebo‐treated (adjusted OR 2.50, 95% CI 0.80–7.79); survival to hospital discharge free of major neonatal morbidity was 42/63 (66.7%) for sildenafil‐treated and 33/59 (55.9%) for placebo‐treated (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.84–4.45); and new‐onset pre‐eclampsia was 9/51 (17.7%) for sildenafil‐treated and 14/55 (25.5%) for placebo‐treated (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.26–1.75).ConclusionsMaternal sildenafil use had no effect on fetal growth velocity. Prospectively planned meta‐analyses will determine whether sildenafil exerts other effects on maternal and fetal/neonatal wellbeing.Tweetable abstractMaternal sildenafil use has no beneficial effect on growth in early‐onset FGR, but also no evidence of harm.
Meeting Report: Key Outcomes from a Collaborative Summit on Agricultural Water Standards for Fresh Produce
Authors: Wall Gretchen L. , Clements Donna P. , Fisk Connie L. , Stoeckel Donald M. , Woods Kristin L. , Bihn Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOn February 27 to 28, 2018, the Produce Safety Alliance convened a national water summit in Covington, KY to discuss the requirements of the United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Food Safety Modernization Act Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (Produce Safety Rule [PSR]). The goals of the meeting were to better understand the challenges growers face in implementing the requirements in Subpart E–Agricultural Water and work collaboratively to develop practical solutions to meet fruit and vegetable production needs while protecting public health. To meet these goals, the summit engaged a diverse group of stakeholders including growers, researchers, extension educators, produce industry members, and regulatory personnel. Key outcomes included defining implementation barriers due to diversity in water sources, distribution systems, commodity types, climates, farm size, and production activities. There was an articulated need for science‐based solutions, such as the use of agricultural water system assessments and sharing of federal, state, and regional water quality data, to ensure qualitative and quantitative standards reduce microbial risks. These identified challenges and needs resulted in significant debate about whether reopening the PSR–Subpart E for modification or attempting to address concerns through guidance would provide the best mechanism for alleviating concerns. In addition, training, outreach, and technical assistance were identified as vital priorities once the concerns are formally addressed by FDA. The water summit highlighted the critical need for transparency of FDA's progress on reevaluating the Subpart E requirements to help guide growers’ decisions regarding the use of agricultural water.
Criminal network security: An agent‐based approach to evaluating network resilience*
Authors: Duxbury Scott W. , Haynie Dana L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCriminal networks are frequently at risk of disruption through arrest and interorganizational violence. Difficulties in designing empirical studies of criminal network recovery, however, have problematized research into network responses to disruption. In this study, we evaluate criminal network resilience by examining network recovery from disruption in an array of different criminal networks and across different disruption strategies. We use an agent‐based model to evaluate how criminal networks recover from disruption. Our results reveal the vulnerabilities and time to recovery of numerous criminal organizations, and through them, we identify which disruption strategies are most effective at damaging various criminal networks.
Role of voice in the legal process*
Authors: Pennington Liana , Farrell Amy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs communities face unrest and protest because of perceived racial bias and decreased trust and confidence in the criminal justice system, it is critical to explore mechanisms that foster institutional legitimacy. Voice is a central element in the procedural justice framework because it is anticipated to promote process control as well as a shared understanding between institutions and communities. As a concept, however, voice is undertheorized. Measures of voice used in legitimacy research may result in oversimplification of the concept, not fully capturing the struggles disadvantaged people face in trying to exercise influence in the court system. Through the use of rich data from qualitative interviews with youth and families involved in the juvenile justice system and in‐depth observations of juvenile court events, we explore what voice is, the mechanisms through which people try to assert voice, and how voice matters in the legal process. Respondents sought voice for many reasons, including to validate their experiences, to affirm their membership in a community, and to assert concerns about perceived police misconduct. Contrary to traditional conceptualizations of voice as a static event (e.g., having voice or not having voice), voice was a process of negotiating dialogue between court officials and court participants throughout the legal process.
Metabarcoding a diverse arthropod mock community
Authors: Braukmann Thomas W. A. , Ivanova Natalia V. , Prosser Sean W. J. , Elbrecht Vasco , Steinke Dirk , Ratnasingham Sujeevan , de Waard Jeremy R. , Sones Jayme E. , Zakharov Evgeny V. , Hebert Paul D. N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough DNA metabarcoding is an attractive approach for monitoring biodiversity, it is often difficult to detect all the species present in a bulk sample. In particular, sequence recovery for a given species depends on its biomass and mitome copy number as well as the primer set employed for PCR. To examine these variables, we constructed a mock community of terrestrial arthropods comprised of 374 species. We used this community to examine how species recovery was impacted when amplicon pools were constructed in four ways. The first two protocols involved the construction of bulk DNA extracts from different body segments (Bulk Abdomen, Bulk Leg). The other protocols involved the production of DNA extracts from single legs which were then merged prior to PCR (Composite Leg) or PCR‐amplified separately (Single Leg) and then pooled. The amplicons generated by these four treatments were then sequenced on three platforms (Illumina MiSeq, Ion Torrent PGM and Ion Torrent S5). The choice of sequencing platform did not substantially influence species recovery, although the Miseq delivered the highest sequence quality. As expected, species recovery was most efficient from the Single Leg treatment because amplicon abundance varied little among taxa. Among the three treatments where PCR occurred after pooling, the Bulk Abdomen treatment produced a more uniform read abundance than the Bulk Leg or Composite Leg treatment. Primer choice also influenced species recovery and evenness. Our results reveal how variation in protocols can have substantial impacts on perceived diversity unless sequencing coverage is sufficient to reach an asymptote.
Adjudin synergizes with paclitaxel and inhibits cell growth and metastasis by regulating the sirtuin 3–Forkhead box O3a axis in human small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Xue , Zeng Qingyu , Li Ziming , Yang Xiao , Xia Weiliang , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSmall‐cell lung cancer (SCLC), a malignant tumor, is usually widely metastatic when diagnosed. The lack of important therapeutic clinical advances makes it difficult to treat. Previous studies showed that Adjudin had anticancer effects in many other human cancers, and it was synergetic with cisplatin in non‐small cell lung cancer. However, the mechanism on SCLC was unclear.MethodsWe investigated the potential mechanism and effect of Adjudin on SCLC both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsAn SCLC xenograft model showed that Adjudin inhibited tumor growth and was significantly synergetic with paclitaxel (in vitro as well). Cell Counting Kit‐8 assays, flow cytometric analysis and western blotting showed that Adjudin effectively suppressed SCLC cell proliferation by inducing S phase arrest and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Moreover, Transwell and scratch assays showed that Adjudin also effectively inhibited migration and invasion. Furthermore, Adjudin activated the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)–Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) pathway. Downregulating SIRT3 or FOXO3a significantly attenuated Adjudin‐induced anticancer effects. Furthermore, higher expression of SIRT3 and FOXO3a were positively correlated, and both were associated with longer survival in lung cancer patients.ConclusionOverall, the present study is the first to show that Adjudin synergizes with paclitaxel and inhibits cell growth and metastasis by regulating the SIRT3–FOXO3a axis in SCLC; thus, Adjudin has great potential to be an anticancer agent.
Malignant pleural effusion supernatant is an alternative liquid biopsy specimen for comprehensive mutational profiling
Authors: Guo Zhihua , Xie Zhanhong , Shi Huifang , Du Wei , Peng Lijun , Han Wei , Duan Feidie , Zhang Xin , Chen Mingyan , Duan Junli , Lin Jing , Chen Xuewei , Lizaso Analyn Ang , Han‐Zhang Han , He Jianxing , Yin Weiqiang 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe clinical utility of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) to detect mutation has been well documented; however, routine practice of the use of MPE involves collection of the cell pellet to detect mutation, and limited studies have interrogated the MPE supernatant as an alternative source of tumor‐derived DNA for mutation profiling. In this study, we investigated the potential of MPE supernatant as a liquid biopsy specimen by comparing its mutation profile with that of matched MPE cell pellets, tissue, and plasma samples.MethodsSequencing data from 17 patients with matched lung tissue, plasma, and MPE samples were retrospectively analyzed. Capture‐based targeted sequencing was performed on matched plasma and MPE supernatant samples obtained from 154 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.ResultsMPE supernatants had significantly higher median maximum allelic fractions (maxAFs) than their corresponding cell pellets (P = 0.008) and plasma samples (P = 0.036), and a comparable maxAF value to that of tissue samples (P = 0.675). Comparison of MPE supernatant and matched plasma samples from the larger cohort (n = 154) revealed a comparable mutation detection rate; however, MPE supernatant had a significantly higher median maxAF than plasma (20.3% vs. 1.13%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the concordance rates between MPE supernatant and plasma for single‐nucleotide and copy number variations were 56% and 18%, respectively, suggesting that MPE supernatant reveals a more comprehensive mutation spectrum, particularly for copy number variations.ConclusionOverall, our study shows that MPE supernatant is an optimal alternative source of tumor‐derived DNA for comprehensive mutation profiling.
Curative effect assessment of immunotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer: The “blind area” of Immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST)
Authors: Song Peng , Zhang Jingcheng , Shang Congcong , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundImmunotherapy has considerably changed the treatment of lung cancer. As immunotherapy has a special mechanism of action, the disease remission that it can induce is unique. Recently, Immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST), which focus on assessing the apparent curative effect of immunotherapy, have become widely accepted. Based on iRECIST criteria, if the response to immunotherapy is determined to be immunity‐confirmed progressive disease or immunity‐unconfirmed progressive disease, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score is worse than before treatment, immunotherapy should be discontinued. We report two immunity‐confirmed progressive disease cases after pembrolizumab treatment and one immunity‐unconfirmed progressive disease case after nivolumab treatment. All three patients benefited from continued immunotherapy, which indicates that the iRECIST criteria may have limitations in assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer patients.
Predictors of Adverse Alcohol Use Consequences Among Tertiary Students
Authors: Poulton Antoinette , Mata Adrienn , Pan Jason , Bruns Loren Richard , Sinnott Richard O. , Hester Robert 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe alcohol consumption patterns of young adults are of concern. Critically, tertiary students consume greater quantities of alcohol, are at increased risk of injury/harm, and have higher rates of alcohol use disorders as compared to their nonuniversity enrolled peers. The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ) is one of several tools utilized to explore adverse alcohol‐related outcomes among tertiary students. Alcohol intake behavior, assessed via retrospective summary measures, has been linked to BYAACQ score. It is unclear, however, how drinking assessed in real time, in conjunction with variables such as age of drinking onset, might predict severity of adverse alcohol consequences as captured by the BYAACQ.MethodsThe psychometric properties of the BYAACQ were explored using a large Australian sample of tertiary students (N = 893). A subsample (n = 504) provided alcohol intake information in real time (21 days; event and notification contingent) via a smartphone app (CNLab‐A) plus details related to age of drinking onset, drug use, parental alcohol/drug use, and anxiety/depression symptomology.ResultsAverage BYAACQ score was 7.53 (SD = 5.37). Classical and item response theory analyses revealed inconsistencies related to dimensionality, progressive item severity, and male/female differential item functioning. Current drinking—namely, frequency of intake and quantity per drinking occasion—plus age of drinking onset predicted BYAACQ score after controlling for age, other drug use, and depression symptomology.ConclusionsThe BYAACQ is a sound tool for use with Australian samples. Information related to current drinking, age of drinking onset, and drug use is useful for predicting severity of alcohol use consequences. These markers might enable tertiary institutions to better target students who could benefit from prevention/intervention programs.
Comorbidity of Alcohol Use and Other Psychiatric Disorders and Suicide Mortality: Data from the South Korean National Health Insurance Cohort, 2002 to 2013
Authors: Park Subin , Rim Soo Jung , Jo MinKyung , Lee Min Geu , Kim Chul Eung 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPrevious studies have indicated that alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other psychiatric disorders increase the risk of suicide mortality. However, little research has investigated the concomitant effect of comorbid psychiatric disorders on suicide mortality. This study aimed to investigate the effect of comorbid AUD on suicide mortality of individuals with another psychiatric disorder using a national data sample.MethodsWe used the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2013. We selected individuals with specific psychiatric disorders based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (F10–F48). Overall, the study included 741,601 participants. We utilized a prioritization process to identify the primary diagnosis for those with multiple diagnoses. All‐cause mortality rates and suicide rates per 100,000 person‐year (days) and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) were calculated. Then, we compared the suicide‐specific SMR of 3 different groups: (i) specific psychiatric disorder versus general public; (ii) specific psychiatric disorder comorbid with AUD versus general public; and (iii) specific psychiatric disorder comorbid with AUD versus specific psychiatric disorder without comorbid AUD.ResultsPatients with any specific psychiatric disorder showed higher suicide‐specific SMR compared to the general population. Being comorbid with AUD further increased the risk of suicide among psychiatric patients. In particular, patients with bipolar affective disorders, organic mental disorders, or depressive disorders comorbid with AUD had about 2 to 4 times higher suicide‐specific SMR compared to those without AUD (bipolar affective disorder: SMR = 3.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.49, 4.54]; organic mental disorder: SMR = 3.43, 95% CI [1.05, 5.81]; depressive disorder: SMR = 2.06, 95% CI [1.52, 2.61]).ConclusionsOur data indicate that having a psychiatric disorder increases the risk of committing suicide. More importantly, comorbid AUD further increases this risk of suicidal death for certain psychiatric disorders. This shows the importance of determining whether patients with psychiatric disorders have comorbid AUD to prevent suicide.