bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with fear of intimacy among a representative sample of the Lebanese population: The role of depression, social phobia, self‐esteem, intimate partner violence, attachment, and maladaptive schemas
Authors: Obeid Sahar , Sacre Hala , Haddad Chadia , Akel Marwan , Fares Kassandra , Zakhour Maha , Kheir Nelly , Salameh Pascale , Hallit Souheil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo assess fear of intimacy (FOI) in the Lebanese population, and its correlates such as depression, social phobia, self‐esteem, attachment, and maladaptive schemas.Design/MethodsThis cross‐sectional study, conducted between November 2017 and May 2018, enrolled 707 community‐dwelling participants.ResultsHigher FOI scores were associated with an increase in the defectiveness schema (β = 0.483), social phobia score (β = 0.16), mistrust schema (β = 0.519), vulnerability schema (β = 0.482), emotional deprivation schema (β = 0.548), attachment style D (dismissing) (β = 0.913) and failure schema, whereas lower FOI was significantly associated with an increase in the entitlement schema (β = −0.362), insufficient schema (β = −0.377), and the self‐esteem score (β = −0.288).Practice ImplicationsImplementing educational programs are needed to enable persons to develop healthy intimate relationships, taking into account attachment styles and inappropriate early schemas.
Pre‐pubertal growth, muscle and fat accumulation in male and female sheep—Relationships with metabolic hormone concentrations, timing of puberty and reproductive outcomes
Authors: Rosales Nieto Cesar A. , Ferguson Mark B. , Briegel Jan R. , Hedger Mark P. , Martin Graeme B. , Thompson Andrew N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetabolic homeostasis is aligned with changes in growth and body composition, through processes mediated by circulating metabolites and metabolic hormones, and is eventually linked to reproductive success. In the present study with sheep, we determined the relationships among phenotypic and genotypic rates of growth, muscle and fat accumulation, and the circulating concentrations of metabolic and tested for relationships with the timing of puberty and subsequent reproductive outcomes. We used 64 females and 62 males with known phenotypic values for depth of eye muscle (EMD) and fat (FAT) and known Australian Sheep Breeding Values at post‐weaning age for live weight (PWT), depth of eye muscle (PEMD) and depth of fat (PFAT). Blood plasma sampled every 20 min for 8 hr via was assayed for growth hormone (GH), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), insulin, leptin, ghrelin, follistatin, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA). In males, PWT was positively related to the concentrations of GH, follistatin and glucose, whereas FAT and PFAT were positively related to IGF‐I concentrations (p < .01). Testosterone concentration was negatively related to muscle variables (p < .001) and to PFAT (p < .05). In females, the only significant relationship detected was the positive link between EMD and insulin concentrations (p < .05). Reproductive variables were only measured in females. Live weight at first oestrus was related positively to insulin concentration and negatively to GH concentration (p < .05). No other relationships with reproductive variables were significant. The relationships that were detected suggest subtle differences between the sexes in the way their metabolic homeostasis responds to changes in the rates of growth, and muscle and fat accumulation, perhaps due to interference by testosterone in the males.
Using sedimentology to address the marine or continental origin of the Permian Hutchinson Salt Member of Kansas
Authors: Andeskie Anna Sofia , Benison Kathleen C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Permian Hutchinson Salt Member of the Wellington Formation of the Sumner Group of Kansas (USA) has multiple scientific and industrial uses. Although this member is highly utilized, there has not been a sedimentological study on these rocks in over 50 years, and no study has investigated the full thickness of this member. Past publications have inferred a marine origin as the depositional environment. Here, this marine interpretation is challenged. The goals of this study are to fully document sedimentological and stratigraphic characteristics of the Permian Hutchinson Salt Member in the Atomic Energy Commission Test Hole 2 core from Rice County, Kansas. This study documents colour, mineralogy, sedimentary textures, sedimentary structures, diagenetic features and stratigraphic contacts in core slab and thin sections. The Hutchinson Salt Member is composed of five lithologies: bedded halite, siliciclastic mudstone, displacive halite, bedded gypsum/anhydrite and displacive gypsum/anhydrite. These lithologies formed in shallow surface brines and mudflats that underwent periods of flooding, evapoconcentration and desiccation. Of note are the paucity of carbonates, lack of marine‐diagnostic fossils, absence of characteristic marine minerals and lithofacies, and the stratigraphic context of the Hutchinson with associated continental deposits. The Hutchinson Salt Member was most likely deposited in an arid continental setting. This new interpretation offers a refined view of Pangaea during the middle Permian time.
Formation of mud clast breccias and the process of sedimentary autobrecciation in the hominin‐bearing (Homo naledi) Rising Star Cave system, South Africa
Authors: Wiersma Jelle P. , Roberts Eric M. , Dirks Paul H. G. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnconsolidated mud clast breccia facies in the hominin‐bearing (Homo naledi) Rising Star Cave, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa, are interpreted to have formed through a process termed sedimentary autobrecciation in this study. This process, by which most of the angular mud clast breccia deposits are thought to have formed autochthonously to para‐autochthonously via a combination of erosion, desiccation, diagenesis and microbial alteration of laminated mud deposits, is thought to have taken place under relatively dry (i.e. non‐flooded) conditions inside the cave. Subsequently, gravitational slumping and collapse was the dominant mechanism that produced the mud clast breccia deposits, which commonly accumulate into debris aprons. The mud clast breccia is typically associated with (micro) mammal fossils and is a common facies throughout the cave system, occurring in lithified and unlithified form. This facies has not been described from other cave localities in the Cradle of Humankind. Additionally, sedimentary autobrecciation took place during the deposition of some of the fossils within the Rising Star Cave, including the abundant Homo naledi skeletal remains found in the Dinaledi Subsystem. Reworking of the mud clast breccia deposits occurs in some chambers as they slump towards floor drains, resulting in the repositioning of fossils embedded in the breccias as evidenced by cross‐cutting manganese staining lines on some Homo naledi fossil remains. The formation of the unlithified mud clast breccia deposits is a slow process, with first order formation rates estimated to be ca 8 × 10−4 mm year−1. The slow formation of the unlithified mud clast breccia facies sediments and lack of laminated mud facies within these deposits, indicates that conditions in the Dinaledi Chamber were probably stable and dry for at least the last ca 300 ka, meaning that this study excludes Homo naledi being actively transported by fluvial mechanisms during the time their remains entered the cave.
A Multidimensional Extension of Balje Chart for Axial Flow Turbomachinery Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Meta-Models
Authors: Angelini Gino , Corsini Alessandro , Delibra Giovanni , Tieghi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The main intent of this work is the exploration of the rotor-only fan design space to identify the correlations between fan performance and enriched geometric and kinematic parameters. In particular, the aim is to derive a multidimensional “Balje chart,” where the main geometric and operational parameters are taken into account in addition to the specific speed and diameter, to guide a fan designer toward the correct choice of parameters such as hub solidity, blade number, hub-to-tip ratio (HR). This multidimensional chart was built using performance data derived from a quasi-3D in-house software for axisymmetric blade analysis and then explored by means of machine learning techniques suitable for big data analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and projection to latent structure (PLS) allowed finding optimal values of the main geometric parameters required by each specific speed/specific diameter pair.
Tomoelastography Distinguishes Noninvasively between Benign and Malignant Liver Lesions
Authors: Shahryari Mehrgan , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Guo Jing , Marticorena Garcia Stephan R. , Böning Georg , Fehrenbach Uli , Stencel Lisa , Asbach Patrick , Hamm Bernd , Käs Joseph A. , Braun Jürgen , Denecke Timm , Sack Ingolf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Patients with increased liver stiffness have a higher risk of developing cancer, however, the role of fluid–solid tissue interactions and their contribution to liver tumor malignancy remains elusive. Tomoelastography is a novel imaging method for mapping quantitatively the solid–fluid tissue properties of soft tissues in vivo. It provides high resolution and thus has clear clinical applications. In this work we used tomoelastography in 77 participants, with a total of 141 focal liver lesions of different etiologies, to investigate the contributions of tissue stiffness and fluidity to the malignancy of liver tumors. Shear-wave speed (c) as surrogate for tissue stiffness and phase-angle (ϕ) of the complex shear modulus reflecting tissue fluidity were abnormally high in malignant tumors and allowed them to be distinguished from nontumorous liver tissue with high accuracy [c: AUC = 0.88 with 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–0.94; ϕ: AUC = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.98]. Benign focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma could be distinguished from malignant lesions on the basis of tumor stiffness (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.72–0.98; sensitivity = 94%, 95% CI = 89–100; and specificity = 85%, 95% CI = 62–100), tumor fluidity (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96; sensitivity = 83%, 95% CI = 72–93; and specificity = 92%, 95% CI = 77–100) and liver stiffness (AUC = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74–0.94; sensitivity = 72%, 95% CI = 59–83; and specificity = 88%, 95% CI = 69–100), but not on the basis of liver fluidity. Together, hepatic malignancies are characterized by stiff, yet fluid tissue properties, whereas surrounding nontumorous tissue is dominated by solid properties. Tomoelastography can inform noninvasively on the malignancy of suspicious liver lesions by differentiating between benign and malignant lesions with high sensitivity based on stiffness and with high specificity based on fluidity.

Significance:
Solid–fluid tissue properties measured by tomoelastography can distinguish malignant from benign masses with high accuracy and provide quantitative noninvasive imaging biomarkers for liver tumors.
Therapeutic Implications of p53 Status on Cancer Cell Fate Following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and the DNA-PK Inhibitor M3814
Authors: Sun Qing , Guo Yige , Liu Xiaohong , Czauderna Frank , Carr Michael I. , Zenke Frank T. , Blaukat Andree , Vassilev Lyubomir T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInhibition of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in cancer cells has been proposed as a new therapeutic strategy for potentiating the anticancer effects of radiotherapy. M3814 is a novel, selective pharmacologic inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinase DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a key driver of nonhomologous end-joining, one of the main DSB-repair pathways, currently under clinical investigation. Here, we show that M3814 effectively blocks the repair of radiation-induced DSBs and potently enhances p53 phosphorylation and activation. In p53 wild-type cells, ataxia telangiectasia–mutated (ATM) and its targets, p53 and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), were more strongly activated by combination treatment with M3814 and radiation than by radiation alone, leading to a complete p53-dependent cell-cycle block and premature cell senescence. Cancer cells with dysfunctional p53 were unable to fully arrest their cell cycle and entered S and M phases with unrepaired DNA, leading to mitotic catastrophe and apoptotic cell death. Isogenic p53-null/wild-type A549 and HT-1080 cell lines were generated and used to demonstrate that p53 plays a critical role in determining the response to ionizing radiation and M3814. Time-lapse imaging of cell death and measuring apoptosis in panels of p53 wild-type and p53-null/mutant cancer lines confirmed the clear differences in cell fate, dependent on p53 status.Implications:Our results identify p53 as a possible biomarker for response of cancer cells to combination treatment with radiation and a DNA-PK inhibitor and suggest that p53 mutation status should be considered in the design of future clinical trials.Visual Overview:http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/12/2457/F1.large.jpg.
Healthy Lifestyle and Cardiac Vagal Modulation Over 10 Years: Whitehall II Cohort Study
Authors: Jandackova Vera K. , Scholes Shaun , Britton Annie , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: September 2019

Background
Increased vagal modulation is a mechanism that may partially explain the protective effect of healthy lifestyles. However, it is unclear how healthy lifestyles relate to vagal regulation longitudinally. We prospectively examined associations between a comprehensive measure of 4 important lifestyle factors and vagal modulation, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) over 10 years.

Methods and Results

The fifth (1997–1999), seventh (2002–2004), and ninth (2007–2009) phases of the
UK
Whitehall
II
cohort were analyzed. Analytical samples ranged from 2059 to 3333 (mean age: 55.7 years). A healthy lifestyle score was derived by giving participants 1 point for each healthy factor: physically active, not smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, and healthy body mass index. Two vagally mediated HRV measures were used: high‐frequency
HRV
and root mean square of successive differences of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals. Cross‐sectionally, a positively graded association was observed between the healthy lifestyle score and HRV at baseline (
P
overall
≤0.001). Differences in HRV according to the healthy lifestyle score remained relatively stable over time. Compared with participants who hardly ever adhered to healthy lifestyles, those with consistent healthy lifestyles displayed higher high‐frequency
HRV
(β=0.23; 95%
CI
, 0.10–0.35;
P
=0.001) and higher root mean square of successive differences of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (β=0.15; 95%
CI
, 0.07–0.22;
P
≤0.001) at follow‐up after covariate adjustment. These differences in high‐frequency
HRV
and root mean square of successive differences of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals are equivalent to ≈6 to 20 years differences in chronological age. Compared with participants who reduced their healthy lifestyle scores, those with stable scores displayed higher subsequent high‐frequency
HRV
(β=0.24; 95% CI, 0.01–0.48;
P
=0.046) and higher root mean square of successive differences of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (β=0.15; 95%
CI
, 0.01–0.29;
P
=0.042).

Conclusions
Maintaining healthy lifestyles is positively associated with cardiac vagal functioning, and these beneficial adaptations may be lost if not sustained.
Association of Circulating Ceramides With Cardiac Structure and Function in the Community: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Nwabuo Chike C. , Duncan Meredith , Xanthakis Vanessa , Peterson Linda R. , Mitchell Gary F. , McManus David , Cheng Susan , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: September 2019

Background
A higher circulating plasma ceramide ratio (C16:0/C24:0) is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, even after accounting for standard risk factors including lipid markers. However, the pathobiological mechanisms that underlie this association are incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that plasma ceramide ratio (C16:0/C24:0) is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling in the community.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 2652 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age, 66±9 years; 55% women) who attended their eighth examination cycle and underwent routine echocardiography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry–based assays for circulating ceramide concentrations. We used multivariable linear regression models to relate C16:0/C24:0 (independent variable) to the following echocardiographic measures (dependent variables; separate models for each): left ventricular mass, left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial emptying fraction, left atrial end‐systolic volume, E/e′ (a measure of left ventricular diastolic function), and left ventricular global circumferential and longitudinal strain by speckle‐tracking echocardiography. In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, higher C16:0/C24:0 per standard deviation increment was associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (0.991‐fold change in left ventricular ejection fraction;
P
=0.0004), worse global circumferential strain (β=0.34,
P
=0.004), higher left atrial end‐systolic volume (β=2.48, p<0.0001), and lower left atrial emptying fraction (0.99‐fold change;
P
<0.0001). The C16:0/C24:0 ratio was not associated with either E/e′ or global longitudinal strain, and the association with higher left ventricular mass was rendered statistically nonsignificant upon correction for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions
Our cross‐sectional observations in a large community‐based sample are consistent with a potential detrimental impact of higher ceramide ratio (C16:0/24:0) on cardiac remodeling traits, which may partly explain the associations of these molecular species with clinical heart failure.
Accuracy of a Modern Intraoperative Navigation System for Temporal Bone Surgery in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Kaul Vivian Z. , Cosetti Maura K. , Wanna George B. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of a modern navigation system in temporal bone surgery. While routine in other specialties, navigation has had limited use in the temporal bone due to issues of accuracy, perceived impracticality, and value.Study DesignProspective observational study.SettingTemporal bone laboratory.Subjects and MethodsEighteen cadaveric specimens were dissected after rigid fiducials were implanted and computed tomography scans were obtained. Target registration and target localization errors were then measured at various points.ResultsThe mean overall target registration error was 0.48 ± 0.29 mm. The mean target localization error was 0.54 mm at the sinodural angle, 0.48 mm at the lateral semicircular canal, 0.55 mm at the round window, 0.39 mm at the oval window, and 0.52 mm at the second genu of the facial nerve.ConclusionA modern navigation system demonstrated submillimeter accuracy for all points of interest. Its use in clinical as well as training settings has yet to be fully elucidated.
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase controls blood-meal digestion in the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Li Xuemei , Yang Jinyu , Pu Qian , Peng Xinyue , Xu Lili , Liu Shiping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFemaleAedes aegyptimosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses that cause diverse diseases of public health significance. Blood protein digestion by midgut proteases provides anautogenous mosquitoes with the nutrients essential for oocyte maturation and egg production. Midgut-specific miR-1174 affects the functions of the midgut through its target geneserine hydroxymethyltransferase(SHMT). However, less is known aboutSHMT-regulated processes in blood digestion by mosquitoes.MethodsRNAi ofSHMTwas realized by injection of the double-stranded RNA at 16 h post-eclosion. The expression ofSHMTat mRNA level and protein level was assayed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad7 using Student’s t-test.ResultsHere, we confirmed that digestion of blood was inhibited inSHMTRNAi-silenced femaleA. aegyptimosquitoes. Evidence is also presented that allSHMT-depleted female mosquitoes lost their flight ability and died within 48 h of a blood meal. Furthermore, most examined digestive enzymes responded differently in their transcriptional expression to RNAi depletion ofSHMT, with some downregulated, some upregulated and some remaining stable. Phylogenetic analysis showed that transcriptional expression responses toSHMTsilence were largely unrelated to the sequence similarity between these enzymes.ConclusionsOverall, this research shows thatSHMTwas expressed at a low level in the midgut ofAedes aegyptimosquitoes, but blood-meal digestion was inhibited whenSHMTwas silenced. Transcriptional expressions of different digestive enzymes were affected in response toSHMTdepletion, suggesting thatSHMTis required for the blood-meal digestion in the midgut and targetingSHMTcould provide an effective strategy for vector mosquito population control.
Lay Health Worker-Led Cancer Symptom Screening Intervention and the Effect on Patient-Reported Satisfaction, Health Status, Health Care Use, and Total Costs: Results From a Tri-Part Collaboration
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Ramirez David , Agajanian Richy , Agajanian Hilda , Bhattacharya Jay , Bundorf Kate M. 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE: Poor patient experiences and increasing costs from undertreated symptoms require approaches that improve patient-reported outcomes and lower expenditures. We developed and evaluated the effect of a lay health worker (LHW)-led symptom screening intervention on satisfaction, self-reported overall and mental health, health care use, total costs, and survival. METHODS: From November 1, 2015, to September 30, 2016, we enrolled in this study all newly diagnosed Medicare Advantage enrollees with stage 3 or 4 solid tumors or hematologic malignancies who were receiving care in a community oncology practice. We evaluated symptom changes from baseline to 12 months for the intervention group. We compared with a control group (a historical cohort of Medicare Advantage enrollees diagnosed with cancer from November 1, 2014, to October 31, 2015) changes in satisfaction and overall and mental health with validated assessments at diagnosis and 5 months postdiagnosis, 12-month health care use, total costs, and survival. RESULTS: Among 186 patients in the intervention group and 102 in the control group, most were female and non-Hispanic white or Hispanic, and the mean age was 79 years. There were no survival differences between the groups. Relative to the control group, the intervention group experienced improvements in satisfaction with care (difference-in-difference: 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.63), overall health (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.49 to 3.32), and mental or emotional health (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.46 to 3.38) over time; fewer hospitalizations (mean ± standard deviation: 0.72 ± 0.96 v 1.02 ± 1.44; P = .03) and emergency department visits per 1,000 members per year (0.61 ± 0.98 v 0.92 ± 1.53; P = .03), and lower median (interquartile range) total health care costs ($21,266 [$8,102-$47,900] v $31,946 [$15,754-$57,369]; P = .02). CONCLUSION: An LHW-led symptom screening intervention could be one solution to improve value-based cancer care.