bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak Cytotoxic T Cells Activation Predicts Low-Grade Dysplasia Persistence in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kotsafti Andromachi , D'Incà Renata , Scarpa Melania , Fassan Matteo , Angriman Imerio , Mescoli Claudia , Bortoli Nicolò , Brun Paola , Bardini Romeo , Rugge Massimo , Savarino Edoardo , Zingone Fabiana , Castoro Carlo , Castagliuolo Ignazio , Scarpa Marco 
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION:
In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), dysplasia develops in 10%–20% of cases. The persistence of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in UC in 2 consecutive observations is still an indication for restorative proctocolectomy. Our hypothesis is that in the case of weak cytotoxic activation, dysplasia persists. We aimed to identify possible immunological markers of LGD presence and persistence.

METHODS:
We prospectively enrolled 112 UC patients who underwent screening colonoscopy (T0) who had biopsies taken from their sigmoid colon. Ninety of them had at least a second colonoscopy (T1) with biopsies taken in the sigmoid colon and 8 patients had dysplasia in both examinations suggesting a persistence of LGD in their colon. Immunohistochemistry and real time polymerase chain reaction for CD4, CD69, CD107, and CD8β messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and flow cytometry for epithelial cells expressing CD80 or HLA avidin-biotin complex were performed. Non-parametric statistics, receiver operating characteristic curves analysis, and logistic multiple regression analysis were used.

RESULTS:
Thirteen patients had LGD diagnosed at T0. The mucosal mRNA expression of CD4, CD69, and CD8β was significantly lower than in patients without dysplasia (P = 0.033, P = 0.046 and P = 0.007, respectively). A second colonoscopy was performed in 90 patients after a median follow-up of 17 (12–25) months and 14 of the patients were diagnosed with LGD. In these patients, CD8β mRNA expression at T0 was significantly lower in patients without dysplasia (P = 0.004). A multivariate survival analysis in a model including CD8β mRNA levels and age >50 demonstrated that both items were independent predictors of dysplasia at follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.86], P = 0.014, and HR = 13.32 [95% CI: 1.72–102.92], P = 0.013).

DISCUSSION:
These data suggest a low cytotoxic T cell activation in the colonic mucosa of UC patients who do not manage to clear dysplasia. Thus, low level of CD8β mRNA expression in non-dysplastic colonic mucosa might be considered in future studies about the decision making of management of LGD in UC.
From the Editor in Chief
Authors: Doğanay Ahmet 
Published: July 2019

Dear producers and consumers of knowledge,
I would like to share the happiness of being with you again with third issue of Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction (PEGEGOG) in 2019. Initially, I want to thank you for the increasing interest for our journal.
The popularity of the journal of PEGEGOG continues to grow, with over a hundred papers received in last one year. Of these, about 30.00% were accepted for publication. This is good news for our journal. On the other hand, I have to indicate that there were critical problems in terms of format within these articles as stated in the previous issue. First of all, unfortunately we had to reject some articles as in many of them there were texts very similar to ones in different articles. At first step, we scan all articles in i-Thenticate program to determine the exact quotations from other resources. After this scan, we reject the articles detected to have exact quotations at a high rate without initiating peer-review process. Apart from that, we also send back the articles not written in an academic format not to disturb our reviewers unnecessarily.
One of the problems with the articles submitted to our journal and we had to reject was about data analysis. The data is the raw information collected from related resources through research aims. These should be analyzed in parallel with these aims. It is necessary to analyze them using statistics for quantitative data and methods such as content analysis or descriptive analysis for qualitative data. Analysis provides the data being transformed into findings and make sense. Especially, in some of document analysis and some qualitative studies, it is seen that data are presented as findings. In some others, data are presented being only described. It is essential that the studies are formed in an article format obeying the rules by the journal and presented for publication afterwards.
As always, we present the ten articles got through peer-review process and given DOI number to you dear producers and consumers of knowledge. I wish these studies conducted in various fields of educational sciences will be useful and contribute to theoretical knowledge within the field. Hope to meet within the next issue.
Sincerely yours.
Effects of LED light on Acacia melanoxylon bud proliferation in vitro and root growth ex vitro
Authors: Li Shubin , Zhou Lili , Wu Sipan , Liu Li , Huang Meng , Lin Sizu , Ding Guochang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examines the effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on tissue culture proliferation of Acacia melanoxylon plantlets among five different clones (FM1, FM2, FM4, FM5, and FM10). Shoot bud apex cuttings were transplanted onto Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing 0.1 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine and 0.5 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid and cultured in vitro for 40 days. Root growth was studied under different light intensities and photoperiods ex vitro. The bud proliferation coefficient was greatest under a light intensity of 45 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux and photoperiod of 16 h light, but decreased as the light intensity increased. However, the greatest light intensity was beneficial for the growth of robust plantlets. Plantlets exposed to red and blue LED combinations grew tall and green, with a small number of roots. Plantlets also grew taller and some roots expanded under the longer photoperiod. Increased light intensity had positive effects on root number and rooting rate, and prolonged light greatly increased root number. Therefore, lower light intensity and a short photoperiod were beneficial for bud proliferation, while red/blue LED combinations, increased light intensity, and longer light illumination were beneficial for plantlet growth and root growth of Acacia melanoxylon.
The effects of various mouthwashes on osteoblast precursor cells
Authors: Song In-Seok , Lee Ji Eun , Park Jun-Beom 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examined whether or not various mouthwashes have significant effects on the viability or morphology of mouse osteoblast-like cells. Mouse calvarial preosteoblast cells were cultured and prepared, then treated with a 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution containing essential oils with or without alcohol, and a cetylpyridinium chloride solution, and sodium fluoride, respectively. Each well was treated with one of six mouthwashes for either 30 sec, 1.5 min, or 4.5 min. The viability of the treated cells was quantitatively analyzed by a Cell Counting Kit-8. The viability of osteogenic progenitor cells decreased significantly irrespectively of the types of mouthwashes. The changes of cell morphology were seen in all groups of mouthwashes; however, they were more noticeable on the chlorhexidine digluconate-treated group. A progressive increase in treatment time over 30 sec did not seem to deteriorate cellular viability. There was no significant difference in viability or morphological change between different formulations of the same brand. Although various mouthwashes without alcohol as an ingredient are available, nonalcoholic mouthwashes were not likely to be less harmful to the cells. Collectively, commercially available mouthwashes could inhibit cell viability and alter the morphology of osteoblastic precursor cells irrespectively of brands, treatment time, or alcohol content.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of the D-dimer test in emergency department patients: secondary analysis of an observational study
Authors: Vögeli Alaadin , Ghasemi Mohammad , Gregoriano Claudia , Hammerer Angelika , Haubitz Sebastian , Koch Daniel , Kutz Alexander , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
D-dimer measurement improves the rule-out of thromboembolic disease. However, little is known about the risk of false positive results for the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease and its prognostic value. Herein, we investigated factors influencing the accuracy of D-dimer and its prognostic value in a large cohort of emergency department (ED) patients.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a prospective observational single center, cohort study. Consecutive patients, for whom a D-dimer test was requested by the treating physician, were included. Associations of clinical parameters on admission with false positive D-dimer results for the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease were investigated with logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 3301 patients were included, of which 203 (6.1%) had confirmed thromboembolic disease. The negative and positive predictive values of the D-dimer test at the 0.5 mg/L cut-off were 99.9% and 11.4%, respectively. Several factors were associated with positive D-dimer results potentially falsely indicating thromboembolic disease in multivariate analysis including advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.05, p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.77–4.4, p < 0.01), renal failure (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.23–3.24, p = 0.005), history of malignancy (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.57–4.31, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.02, p < 0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.003). Regarding its prognostic value, D-dimer was associated with a 30-day mortality (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, p = 0.003) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79.

Conclusions
While D-dimer allows an accurate rule-out of thromboembolic disease, its positive predictive value in routine ED patients is limited and largely influenced by age, comorbidities and acute disease factors. The strong prognostic value of D-dimer in this population warrants further investigation.
A review on traditional practice of tooth brushing in Ayurveda and its relevance in current era
Authors: Devi Durgawati , Srivastava Rajeev Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ayurveda recommends sound and healthy life. It basically focuses on prevention rather than treatment. It includes a systematic lifestyle pattern which is composed of several principles and activities. Dinacharya (Daily routine) is one of the important principles. It includes various activities started from just before sunrise. All these activities are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis of the body. Tooth brushing is one of the essential routines of Ayurveda daily practices. Traditionally it has been advocated with a soft twig of medicinal plants with or without herbal tooth powder. There are so many medicinal plants have been described in this context. Contradictory plants have also been described. Oral hygiene products are so much advanced and globalized nowadays. There are so many types of toothbrushes; dentifrices, dental floss, tongue scrapers, mouthwashes, oral irrigators, etc. are available along with specifications. Contemporary oral hygiene products esp. dentifrices are chemically rich and have their own side effects. No doubt these products have their own advantages like easy availability and adjustability according to current lifestyle. But their safety is questionable on long-term use. Herbal products have additional benefits over it that those are natural and easily adjustable and acceptable with body physiology.
Performance Analysis of Diesel Cycle under Efficient Power Density Condition with Variable Specific Heat of Working Fluid
Authors: Raman Roshan , Kumar Naveen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A novel realistic Work Criteria Function (WCF) approach has been used to analyze the ideal air-standard Diesel cycle. The WCF formulation gives rise to a new performance criterion which is termed as efficient power density (EPD). Thermodynamic analysis under maximum efficient power density (MEPD) conditions has been performed and compared with other available performance criteria using variable specific heats of the working fluid. The results obtained from this analysis prove that the engine designed under MEPD conditions is very efficient and the size of the engine is reduced significantly compared to those designed under maximum efficient power (MEP), maximum power density (MPD), and maximum power (MP) criteria. Harmful emissions like

NO

x

{\mathrm{NO}_{\mathrm{x}}}

may decrease considerably at higher values of the maximum cycle temperature ratio (ξ). The effect of variable specific heats of operational fluid on the actual cycle’s performance has a significant impact on engine performance and should be incorporated when evaluating practical cycle engines. The results obtained in the current study have scientific importance and could be an essential guide for the design of real Diesel engines by engine manufacturers.
Optical Scheme of Obtaining Highest Transmission Factor in Case of KDP Based Electro-Optic Crystal by the Adjustment of Suitable Biasing Voltage and Number of Feedback Passing
Authors: Lakshan S. , Saha D. , Mukhopadhyay S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The electro-optic effect becomes prominent when an electric field is applied across the optic axis of a dielectric material inducing the changes in refractive indices of the medium. Kerr and Pockels cells are massively used as optical switches because of their nonlinear electro-optic character. Potassium di-hydrogen Phosphate (KDP) crystal is a very good electro-optic Pockels material as well as has a good switching behavior in optical and opto-electronic domain. The principle of this electro optic effect can be successfully used to develop optical switch based information processing devices. Transmission co-efficient of the polarized light beam have been modulated in a new way by introducing a multi passing scheme across a electro-optic material. Here transmission co-efficient plays a vital role to examine how much output intensity changes for developing feedback one by one in ascending order. In this paper a novel study for the sizable increase of transmission co-efficient of a KDP crystal for a fixed biasing voltage is reported adopting proper feedback mechanism of light. This paper we also observe an theoretical basis for achieving unit transmission coefficient which minimum amount of voltage require for adopting comparatively many large number of feedback.
Performance Analysis of a STBC FDM FSO Communication System with Direct Detection Receiver under Turbulent Condition
Authors: Barua Bobby , Majumder S. P. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Weather conditions are severely degraded the performance of FSO communication link. Atmospheric turbulence is one of the important weather conditions that degrade the performance even under clear sky condition. In this paper, we provide a noble analytical approach to evaluate the performance of STBC coded FDM FSO communication system with direct detection optical receiver under turbulent condition. Analysis is carried out to find the channel capacity of RF subcarrier modulation taking into consideration the effect of strong atmospheric turbulence which is modeled as gamma-gamma distribution and the probability density function of the conditional CNR, conditioned on a given turbulence-induced fading is derived considering equal gain receive diversity combining technique with direct detection optical receiver followed by RF synchronous demodulation. Results are evaluated numerically in terms of average CNR, BER and channel capacity for several system parameters like turbulence variance, link distance, data rate, etc.
Mediating Structures: Their Organization in Civil Society
Authors: Harris Margaret , Milofsky Carl 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper explores a counter-weight to anti-democratic trends suggested by civil society theory: mediating structures (also known as ‘intermediate’ or ‘intermediary’ organizations). We look briefly at the range of ways in which the concept has been used in social science and then focus on literature which employs the concept specifically in the context of debates about sustainable democracy We discern from the theoretical literature four distinct functions said to be performed in democracies by mediating structures and we offer case examples of organizations which perform those functions in the contemporary real world. We conclude by providing pointers to how mediating structures might be identified, supported and sustained in the face of anti-democratic trends today.
Knee and Hip Isometric Force Steadiness Are Impaired in Women With Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Ferreira Amanda S. , de Oliveira Silva Danilo , Ferrari Deisi , Magalhães Fernando H. , Pappas Evangelos , Briani Ronaldo V. , Pazzinatto Marcella F. , de Azevedo Fábio M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ferreira, AS, de Oliveira Silva, D, Ferrari, D, Magalhães, FH, Pappas, E, Briani, RV, Pazzinatto, MF, and de Azevedo, FM. Knee and hip isometric force steadiness are impaired in women with patellofemoral pain. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2878–2885, 2021—The purposes were as follows: to compare knee extension and hip abduction force steadiness and maximal strength between women with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and pain-free women; and to investigate whether maximal strength, self-reported pain during force-matching tasks, self-reported knee function, symptoms duration, and physical activity level are associated with knee extension and hip abduction force steadiness. Thirty women with PFP and 30 pain-free women were recruited. Knee extension and hip abduction maximal voluntary isometric contractions and submaximal isometric force-matching tasks were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects were asked to match a target force corresponding to 10% of their maximal isometric voluntary contraction while force steadiness was computed as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the exerted force. Women with PFP had significant 36% lower knee extension and 33% lower hip abduction peak strength. They also had significant 70% lower knee extension force steadiness and 60% lower hip abduction force steadiness (i.e., higher CV) than pain-free women. Self-reported pain and self-reported knee function were significantly associated (r = 0.61, p < 0.001; r = −0.35, p = 0.05) and able to predict 41% of the variance of knee extensor force steadiness. Hip abductor maximum strength was significantly associated (r = −0.57; p = 0.001) and able to predict 32% of the variance of hip abductor force steadiness. These findings indicate that muscle impairments in PFP go beyond only low knee and hip muscle strength because women with PFP also present deficits in knee extension and hip abduction force steadiness. Evidence-based treatments aiming at improving force steadiness may be a promising addition to PFP rehabilitation programs.
Is Ischemic Preconditioning Intervention Occlusion-Dependent to Enhance Resistance Exercise Performance?
Authors: de Souza Hiago L. R. , Arriel Rhaí A. , Hohl Rodrigo , da Mota Gustavo R. , Marocolo Moacir 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
de Souza, HLR, Arriel, RA, Hohl, R, da Mota, GR, and Marocolo, M. Is ischemic preconditioning intervention occlusion-dependent to enhance resistance exercise performance? J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2706–2712, 2021—Ischemic preconditioning is a rising technique with potential to improve performance. Currently, its effects are still controversial, and a placebo effect seems to have a role. In this sense, this study evaluated the effect of high-pressure (HP) and low-pressure (LP) cuffing on resistance exercise performance during repeated 5-day intervention. Twenty healthy trained men (24.0 ± 4.4 years; 80.1 ± 12.2 kg; and 176.9 ± 6.6 cm) performed a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test before interventions. Maximal isometric force test, number of repetitions (75% 1RM), total workload (sets × reps × load), fatigue index (FI) ([set 1 − set 3]/set 1 × 100), and perceived scales were assessed during knee extension preceded by HP (3 × 5-minute unilateral leg occlusion at 50 mm Hg above systolic blood pressure), LP (3 × 5-minute unilateral leg occlusion at 20 mm Hg), or control ([CON] 30-minute resting). The main effect of cuff intervention was significant for total workload (F(1,16) = 4.2, p = 0.03) after adjusting for baseline (analysis of covariance). Adjusted means (confidence interval) and effect sizes (ES) indicate that HP (1778 kg [1,613–1944]; ES: 0.29) and LP (1761 kg [1,590–1932]; ES: 0.34) significantly increased total workload compared with CON (1,452 kg [1,262–1,643]; ES: 0.17). Finally, isometric force and FI were similar for all conditions (HP, LP, and CON) with no difference from baseline performance. In conclusion, the short-term (5-day) intervention of HP and LP cuffing increases the total workload. This effect in muscle endurance performance is nondependent of blood flow occlusion, since LP is not able to obstruct arterial blood flow. A likely motivational effect cannot be ruled out.
Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association
Authors: Fragala Maren S. , Cadore Eduardo L. , Dorgo Sandor , Izquierdo Mikel , Kraemer William J. , Peterson Mark D. , Ryan Eric D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFragala, MS, Cadore, EL, Dorgo, S, Izquierdo, M, Kraemer, WJ, Peterson, MD, and Ryan, ED. Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the national strength and conditioning association.J Strength Cond ResXX(X): 000–000, 2019—Aging, even in the absence of chronic disease, is associated with a variety of biological changes that can contribute to decreases in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. Such losses decrease physiologic resilience and increase vulnerability to catastrophic events. As such, strategies for both prevention and treatment are necessary for the health and well-being of older adults. The purpose of this Position Statement is to provide an overview of the current and relevant literature and provide evidence-based recommendations for resistance training for older adults. As presented in this Position Statement, current research has demonstrated that countering muscle disuse through resistance training is a powerful intervention to combat the loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, physiological vulnerability, and their debilitating consequences on physical functioning, mobility, independence, chronic disease management, psychological well-being, quality of life, and healthy life expectancy. This Position Statement provides evidence to support recommendations for successful resistance training in older adults related to 4 parts: (a) program design variables, (b) physiological adaptations, (c) functional benefits, and (d) considerations for frailty, sarcopenia, and other chronic conditions. The goal of this Position Statement is to a) help foster a more unified and holistic approach to resistance training for older adults, b) promote the health and functional benefits of resistance training for older adults, and c) prevent or minimize fears and other barriers to implementation of resistance training programs for older adults.