bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient with a PRKAG2 mutation who developed Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a case report
Authors: Giudici Michael C , Ahmad Ferhaan , Holanda Danniele G 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
PRKAG2 syndrome (PS) is a rare, early-onset autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by mutations in PRKAG2, the gene encoding the regulatory γ2 subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. PRKAG2 syndrome is associated with many cardiac manifestations, including pre-excitation, arrhythmias, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronotropic incompetence frequently leading to early pacemaker placement. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) identified a susceptibility locus in an intron of PRKAG2, which has been replicated in other studies. However, CKD has not been reported in patients with PS or mutations in PRKAG2.

Case summary
We report a case of a woman diagnosed at age 27 with PS when she presented with atrial fibrillation and pre-excitation on electrocardiogram. By age 35, she had developed mild renal insufficiency and a biopsy demonstrated IgA nephropathy (IGAN).

Discussion
This is the first reported case of IGAN in a patient with PS. We discuss both PS and IGAN and the potential mechanisms by which they could be related.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: acute and reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to cardiotoxicity of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state—a case report†
Authors: Kocabaş Umut , Yılmaz Özgür , Kurtoğlu Volkan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is defined as a ventricular diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction, which is directly related to diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of coronary artery disease, valvular, congenital or hypertensive heart disease, and alcoholism. In this report, we present an unusual case of a patient with DC and reversible, acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to cardiotoxicity of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS).

Case summary
A 20-year-old male patient presented with weakness and polyuria. Physical examination and electrocardiogram were normal. Laboratory results and arterial blood gas analysis were consistent with HHS. Baseline echocardiography showed global left ventricular hypokinesis with an ejection fraction (EF) of 36%. The patient’s clinical condition improved after blood glucose level normalization and echocardiography revealed progressive improvement in the left ventricular systolic function with an EF of 54% at the 5-day follow-up and an EF of 69% at the 15-day follow-up.

Discussion
Uncontrolled DM and hyperglycaemic crisis may result in cardiotoxicity, acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and DC. The pathophysiological mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. Blood glucose control is the most important strategy for the prevention of DC.
Simulation-based evaluation of reserve network performance for Centrophorus zeehaani (Centrophoridae): a protected deep-sea gulper shark
Authors: Daley Ross K , Hobday Alistair J , Semmens Jayson M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Resource use and conservation objectives can conflict where protected species and commercially fished species occur together. We tested the potential for a previously overfished deep-sea shark (Centrophorus zeehaani) with very low biological productivity to recover in a network of three reserves. An individual-based simulation model was developed and applied using reproduction and movement data. Without any reserves or reductions in fishing mortality the population will never recover and will fail in 27.9 ± 6.1 years. With three reserves, recovery from 8% of initial numbers to a target of 20% would take 63.1 ± 3.1 years with the network in place. Length of the female cycle, natural mortality, and density dependent female dispersal are uncertain, but could delay recovery time by an additional 16.5, 98.3, or 61.9 years, respectively. Effectiveness of the reserve network was particularly sensitive to location and patchiness of the population. Doubling the size of a reserve where C. zeehaani are abundant would reduce recovery time by 12.5 years; halving it would increase recovery time by 12.0 years. Future re-opening of orange roughy fishing in waters deeper than 750 m would delay recovery of C. zeehaani by 45.9 years. The methods developed here can be used to explore co-management options for target species and protected species in fisheries.
Dimension Variation of Gouvêa–Mazur Type for Drinfeld Cuspforms of Level Γ1(t)
Authors: Hattori Shin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Let $p$ be a rational prime and $q&gt;1$ a $p$-power. Let $S_k(\Gamma _1(t))$ be the space of Drinfeld cuspforms of level $\Gamma _1(t)$ and weight $k$ for ${\mathbb{F}}_q[t]$. For any non-negative rational number $\alpha$, we denote by $d(k,\alpha )$ the dimension of the slope $\alpha$ generalized eigenspace for the $U$-operator acting on $S_k(\Gamma _1(t))$. In this paper, we prove a function field analogue of the Gouvêa–Mazur conjecture for this setting. Namely, we show that for any $\alpha \leqslant m$ and $k_1,k_2&gt;\alpha +1$, if $k_1\equiv k_2 \bmod p^m$, then $d(k_1,\alpha )=d(k_2,\alpha )$.
Chronic Plasma Cortisol Elevation Does Not Promote Riskier Behavior in a Teleost Fish: A Test of the Behavioral Resiliency Hypothesis
Authors: Lawrence Michael J , Godin Jean-Guy J , Zolderdo Aaron J , Cooke Steven J 
Published: April 2019

SynopsisStressed fish have been shown to have higher predator-induced mortality than unstressed conspecifics, suggesting a role for the hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis in modifying risk-taking behaviors. Yet, there is also evidence of behavioral resiliency in the face of chronic stressors. Here, we tested the behavioral resiliency hypothesis, which posits that animals can maintain consistent behavioral phenotypes in the face of significant physiological challenges. We determined whether chronic plasma cortisol elevation promotes risk-taking behaviors in a model teleost fish, the pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Experimental fish were implanted with cocoa butter either as a sham or with cortisol. At 48 h post-implantation, the behavior of individual focal fish was tested in an experimental arena comprising of a simulated physical refuge, an open zone containing a constrained conspecific shoal, and a compartment containing either a model of a northern pike (Esox lucius) paired with corresponding pike olfactory cues in lake water or no pike model (control) paired with sham lake water cues only. The fish were assayed individually for their refuge utilization, shoaling tendency, and general activity. Neither cortisol treatment nor predation-risk treatment influenced any of these behaviors. This suggests that sunfish, in the context of our experiment, were behaviorally resilient to the physiological effects of chronic plasma cortisol elevation and in the face of an apparent threat of predation. Our results thus provide support for the behavioral resiliency hypothesis in fish under both physiological and ecological stressors. We posit that behavioral resiliency is an evolutionary adaptation ensuring appropriate responses to environmental conditions.
Objectivity
Authors: D'Agostino Fred 
Published: April 2019

Objectivity has two aspects. It has been achieved, in the metaphysical sense, when there is a correspondence between a statement and the way the world is independent of human conceptual activities. In the methodological sense, it characterizes the products of those processes of inquiry that are disciplined by the demand to exclude or neutralize all prejudice or bias. Already in Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, we see that the convergence from multiple unbiased perspectives that we expect from a methodologically objective process might be taken as evidence of correspondence with underlying independent realities. In some domains, convergence may be all that’s on offer, there being no mind-independent reality with which correspondence might be sought. This was the view of John Rawls, as, for example, in his “Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory,” and it is also an issue, though for different reasons, in relation to the objectivity of mathematics and of aesthetic understanding. Among the many unquestioned certainties of the postwar scientistic settlement was that the pursuit of objectivity in science, ethics, and the professions was the key to the success of these enterprises. This was disturbed by scholarly developments, of which the profoundest was the feminist critique of objectivity from the mid-1970s. Another important development was the sociological and historiographical interrogation of objectivity, as manifested in “the strong programme” or “social studies of science,” but most strikingly exemplified in Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison’s Objectivity, which gave the idea of objectivity a history that showed how much intellectual work had to be done to develop an idea that we later came to take for granted. However, the fact of the historical contingency and social entanglement of “objectivity” shows nothing about its usefulness, indeed effectiveness. It may, despite its historicity, still be effective in disciplining our inquiries. Among the more interesting aspects of objectivity is its perhaps essentially contestable character as a concept, as shown in its multiple manifestations, as identified by Heather Douglas, “The Irreducible Complexity of Objectivity.” As Daston put it (“Objectivity and the Escape from Perspective,” p. 598), “its thick layering of oddly matched meanings . . . betrays signs of a complicated and contingent history.” While the idea of objectivity has played an important philosophical role, its general cultural significance spiked in the aftermath of the 2016 US presidential election. Oxford University Press noted this phenomenon. “After much discussion, debate, and research, the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2016 is post-truth—an adjective defined as ‘relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.’”
Clara Schumann
Authors: Kregor Jonathan 
Published: April 2019

Clara Schumann, née Wieck (b. 1819–d. 1896), ranks among the most important musical artists of the 19th century. As composer, she published twenty-one numbered compositions—including a piano concerto, piano trio, songs, and Lieder—in an era when it was uncommon for women to do so. As pianist, she was one of the first to consistently program the music of J. S. Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, Johannes Brahms, and her husband, Robert Schumann. And with a career that spanned more than half a century—from her solo debut in Leipzig at the age of eleven until her death sixty-six years later in Frankfurt—she came into contact with most of the major and minor artists of the day, including Woldemar Bargiel, Frédéric Chopin, Niels Gade, Joseph Joachim, Franz Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn, Pauline Viardot-Garcia, and Richard Wagner. Yet, despite these activities and associations, prior to about the 1980s she was rarely the subject of sustained scholarly study, except in cases where she provided context for the understanding of her husband’s life and works. Since the late 1970s, however, studies have proliferated (albeit almost exclusively in English- and German-language publications), with extensive coverage devoted to her family and associates, the cities she toured and places she called home, the role(s) in which gender played in shaping her image and compositions, her composition oeuvre, her editorial and pedagogical legacy, and her posthumous reception. These studies have benefited from the appearance of critical editions of almost her entire compositional catalogue. (Note that before her marriage in 1840, she was named Clara Wieck; from 1840 onward, Clara Schumann. For consistency’s sake, this article always refers to her as “Clara Schumann,” even if the respective scholarship does not or if the topic exclusively concerns her life or activities before marriage.)
The Impact of Culturing the Organ Preservation Fluid on Solid Organ Transplantation: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Oriol I , Sabe N , Càmara J , Berbel D , Ballesteros M A , Escudero R , Lopez-Medrano F , Linares L , Len O , Silva J T , Oliver E , Soldevila L , Pérez-Recio S , Guillem L L , Camprubí D , LLadó L , Manonelles A , González-Costello J , Domínguez M A , Fariñas M C , Lavid N , González-Rico C , Garcia-Cuello L , Arnaiz de las Revillas F , Fortun J , Aguado J M , Jimenez-Romero C , Bodro M , Almela M , Paredes D , Moreno A , Pérez-Cameo C , Muñoz-Sanz A , Blanco-Fernández G , Cabo-González J A , García-López J L , Nuño E , Carratalà J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
We analyzed the prevalence, etiology, and risk factors of culture-positive preservation fluid and their impact on the management of solid organ transplant recipients.

Methods
From July 2015 to March 2017, 622 episodes of adult solid organ transplants at 7 university hospitals in Spain were prospectively included in the study.

Results
The prevalence of culture-positive preservation fluid was 62.5% (389/622). Nevertheless, in only 25.2% (98/389) of the cases were the isolates considered “high risk” for pathogenicity. After applying a multivariate regression analysis, advanced donor age was the main associated factor for having culture-positive preservation fluid for high-risk microorganisms. Preemptive antibiotic therapy was given to 19.8% (77/389) of the cases. The incidence rate of preservation fluid–related infection was 1.3% (5 recipients); none of these patients had received preemptive therapy. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with high-risk culture-positive preservation fluid receiving preemptive antibiotic therapy presented both a lower cumulative incidence of infection and a lower rate of acute rejection and graft loss compared with those who did not have high-risk culture-positive preservation fluid. After adjusting for age, sex, type of transplant, and prior graft rejection, preemptive antibiotic therapy remained a significant protective factor for 90-day infection.

Conclusions
The routine culture of preservation fluid may be considered a tool that provides information about the contamination of the transplanted organ. Preemptive therapy for SOT recipients with high-risk culture-positive preservation fluid may be useful to avoid preservation fluid–related infections and improve the outcomes of infection, graft loss, and graft rejection in transplant patients.
A Comparison of Stool Enteropathogen Detection by Semiquantitative PCR in Adults With Acute Travelers’ Diarrhea Before and 3 Weeks After Successful Antibiotic Treatment
Authors: Tisdale Michele D , Tribble David R , Telu Kalyani , Fraser Jamie A , Connor Patrick , Philip Cliff , Odundo Elizabeth , Reyes Faviola , Simons Mark P , Swierczewski Brett , Lizewski Stephen , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric , Riddle Mark S , Lalani Tahaniyat 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We evaluated stool enteropathogen detection by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 108 subjects with travelers’ diarrhea before and 3 weeks after treatment. Stool samples from 21 subjects were positive for the same pathogen species at both visits. We discuss factors that should be considered when interpreting stool PCR data after treatment.
‘A Tortured Nation Gave Birth to a Lunatic’: The Construction of Insanity in the 1912 Terrorist Attack in Croatia
Authors: Fatović-Ferenčić Stella , Kuhar Martin 
Published: April 2019

Summary
In spring 1912, 25-year-old lawyer Luka Jukić tried to assassinate the Croatian Ban and Royal Commissioner Slavko Cuvaj. This article focuses on several aspects of the trial against Jukić: first, on analysing the impact of Cesare Lombroso’s criminology in Croatia; second, on the testimony by forensic psychiatrist Ivo Žirovčić, who controversially claimed that Jukić was sane; third, on unmasking the techniques and manipulations by the media, the regime and the opposition concerning the assassin’s alleged insanity; and finally, on identifying the ways in which the case influenced further political and revolutionary activities in the country. The discussion concerning Jukić’s accountability deepened the chasm between the supporters and opponents of Cuvaj’s regime, both in the political sphere and within the Croatian medical community.
Gender Role Attitudes and Religious Denomination: Context Matters*
Authors: Healy Amy Erbe 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Traditional gender role attitudes are often associated with specific religious denominations. However, members of religious denominations are also impacted by other institutions in society. This research uses the European Social Survey to determine how the impact of religious denominations on traditional gender role attitudes varies across welfare regimes. Macro-level analysis examines this relationship with national-level indicators. Religious denomination impacts gender role attitudes, though not uniformly. Public expenditures on social services and working-age cash benefits are negatively related to traditional gender role attitudes, with the strongest impact on attitudes toward men’s right to paid work among Muslims and Eastern Orthodox.
Influence of housing type on the cecal environment of horses
Authors: Wolford Ashley N , Coverdale Josie A , Leatherwood Jessica L , Pinchak William E , Anderson Robin C , Wickersham Tryon A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Eight previously cecally cannulated Quarter Horse geldings were utilized in a crossover design with two 28-d periods with a 21-d washout period between to evaluate the influence of housing on the cecal environment and dry matter intake (DMI). Horses were adapted to diet and housing from day 1 to 19, DMI was determined from day 20 to 24, and cecal fluid was collected on day 28. Horses were paired by age and body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments consisted of housing horses individually in stalls or group housed in a pen. Regardless of treatment, all horses were individually fed a pelleted concentrate at 1% BW (as fed) offered twice daily 12 h apart. All horses had ad libitum access to coastal bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon). Hay was offered to stalled horses initially at 2% BW (as fed) and then adjusted based on 120% of a previous 3-d average of voluntary intake. A dual marker system was used to estimate forage consumption in all horses, using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the external marker and acid detergent insoluble ash (ADIA) as the internal marker. TiO2 was offered at 10 g/d for 10 d with fecal samples collected on the final 4 d at 12-h intervals advancing by 3 h each day to account for diurnal variation. Cecal samples were collected on day 28, 4 h after the morning meal and immediately analyzed for pH, total anaerobic and lactic acid bacteria populations, methane and ammonia concentrations, as well as volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS with the model containing effects for horse, period, and treatment. Cecal pH was affected by housing (P = 0.02) with group-housed horses having lower cecal pH values compared with stalled horses (6.52 vs. 6.69, respectively). There was no influence of housing on populations of total anaerobic or lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, housing did not influence cecal concentrations of VFA or methane and ammonia concentrations. Estimates of voluntary forage DMI were greater for group-housed horses (P = 0.04) than stalled (8.47 and 5.17 ± 0.89 kg DM/d, respectively). In conclusion, confinement housing did not, with the exception of pH, alter cecal environment of a horse when similar diets were offered but did affect forage consumption.
Microarray screening of differentially expressed genes after up-regulating miR-205 or down-regulating miR-141 in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Fang Xingyu , Yao Tingting 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. However,studies on the expression and molecular mechanism of miR-205 and miR-141 in CC are insufficient recently. Expression profile microarray with 21329 Oligo DNA were used to detect the expression of mRNAs in miR-205 up-regulated or miR-141 down-regulated HeLa and SiHa cells and mRNAs in normal HeLa and SiHa cells. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were performed to assess the potential pathways of miR-205 in SiHa cell.Compared with normal HeLa cell, there were 38 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in miR-205 up-regulated HeLa cell. Nine were up-regulation genes and 29 were down-regulation genes. There were 23 DEGs in miR-141 down-regulated HeLa cell. One was up-regulated and 22 were down-regulated. Compared with normal SiHa cell, there were 128 DEGs in miR-205 up-regulated SiHa cell. One hundred and three were up-regulation genes and 25 were down-regulation genes. There were 80 DEGs in miR-141 down-regulated SiHa cell. Forty two were up-regulation genes and 28 were down-regulation genes. For miR-205 up-regulated SiHa cell, GO outcome showed that “ubiquitin-protein ligase activity”, “MAP kinase phosphatase activity”, were the most enriched terms (P < 0.05). And in KEGG analysis, “Cell cycle” was notably enriched, and Smad4 in this pathway was up-regulated (P < 0.05). Expression profile microarray technology can effectively screen out DEGs in cervical cancer cells after up-regulating miR-205 or down-regulating miR-141. Which may enable us to understand the pathogenesis and lay an important foundation for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
HIV chromatin is a preferred target for drugs that bind in the DNA minor groove
Authors: Little Donald W. , Schafer Samuel J. , Anderson John N. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe HIV genome is rich in A but not G or U and deficient in C. This nucleotide bias controls HIV phenotype by determining the highly unusual composition of all majors HIV proteins. Since drugs that bind in the DNA minor groove disrupt nucleosomes on sequences that contain closely spaced oligo-A tracts which are prevalent in HIV DNA because of this bias, it was of interest to determine if these drugs exert this selective inhibitory effect on HIV chromatin. To test this possibility, nucleosomes were reconstituted onto five double-stranded DNA fragments from the HIV-1 pol gene in the presence and in the absence of several minor groove binding drugs (MGBDs). The results demonstrated that the MGBDs inhibited the assembly of nucleosomes onto all of the HIV-1 segments in a manner that was proportional to the A-bias, but had no detectable effect on the formation of nucleosomes on control cloned fragments or genomic DNA from chicken and human. Nucleosomes preassembled onto HIV DNA were also preferentially destabilized by the drugs as evidenced by enhanced nuclease accessibility in physiological ionic strength and by the preferential loss of the histone octamer in hyper-physiological salt solutions. The drugs also selectively disrupted HIV-containing nucleosomes in yeast as revealed by enhanced nuclease accessibility of the in vivo assembled HIV chromatin and reductions in superhelical densities of plasmid chromatin containing HIV sequences. A comparison of these results to the density of A-tracts in the HIV genome indicates that a large fraction of the nucleosomes that make up HIV chromatin should be preferred in vitro targets for the MGBDs. These results show that the MGBDs preferentially disrupt HIV-1 chromatin in vitro and in vivo and raise the possibility that non-toxic derivatives of certain MGBD might serve as a novel class of anti-HIV agents.