bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Remote Sensing Products to Estimate Grassland Productivity in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Encabo Jan Bryan M. , Cordeiro Marcos R.C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Remote sensing is the acquisition of data about an area without being in direct contact with it. It can be used to estimate vegetation productivity, offering a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional field measurements. This technology enables timely and consistent monitoring of large areas over time using satellite sensors. More recently, drone-mounted sensors have been used for monitoring smaller areas with higher spatial resolutions. Indices derived from remote sensing datasets can be used to estimate vegetation productivity and health, as well as to monitor grassland ecosystems promptly. By providing detailed and frequent data, remote sensing supports the development of sustainable practices and policies that promote efficient land management, ensuring the long-term health and productivity of grassland ecosystems. A case study of Manitoba’s rangeland ecoregions is provided to illustrate how remote sensing products can be used to quantify grassland distribution in different geographic regions of the province.

Information
© The Authors 2024
The Critical Role of Long-Range Strain-Induced Interactions in Stabilizing Zener Ordering
Authors: Qin 秦 Weijia 维佳 , Liu 刘 Xinyi 新毅 , Li 李 Jinshan 金山 , Lai 赖 Minjie 敏杰 , Zhang 张 Xie 燮 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a fundamental theory of structural transformations, the Zener ordering of interstitials in a body-centered cubic host lattice, which was established more than half a century ago, has been challenged by recent first-principles investigations. In this Letter, we rigorously prove the existence of Zener ordering via Monte Carlo simulations with complete interstitial interactions and demonstrate the critical role of long-range indirect strain-induced interactions in stabilizing Zener ordering. These insights improve our understanding of the self-induced collective ordering of point defects in a host lattice and elucidate the fundamental physics of order-disorder phase transitions in alloys.
Revealing Light-Induced Charge Density Wave Melting and Carrier Redistribution in 1T-TiSe2
Authors: Chen 陈 Wanying 婉莹 , Zhong 钟 Haoyuan 浩源 , Bao 鲍 Changhua 昌华 , Wang 王 Fei 飞 , Cai 蔡 Xuanxi 轩羲 , Yun 运 Chenxia 晨霞 , Teng 滕 Hao 浩 , Wei 魏 Zhiyi 志义 , Zhou 周 Shuyun 树云 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Capturing ultrafast dynamics over a large momentum space is critical for revealing the relationship between the electronic and structural modulations in quantum materials. Here, by performing time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements at the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF) equipped with an extreme ultraviolet light source, we reveal the ultrafast dynamics of a charge-density wave (CDW) material, 1T-TiSe2, upon photoexcitation. Pump-induced CDW melting is revealed from two aspects: gap closing of the CDW at the Brillouin zone (BZ) center and weakening of the CDW folded band at the BZ boundary. By comparing the transient electronic structure and spectral weight over a large momentum space, we further reveal the carrier redistribution involving the excitation of electrons from the Γ point to the M point. This study provides a comprehensive picture of the physics and ultrafast dynamics of a CDW material across the entire BZ.
Enhanced collection efficiency of quantum emitter mediated by extra ordinary optical transmission in a plasmonic cavity
Authors: Ahmed Nadeem , Lone Faizan H , Nair Rajesh V 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Manipulation of light-matter interaction has played a key role in developing modern quantum optical technologies. We have designed a plasmonic cavity by placing a gold film over a dielectric layer of PMMA (spacer layer) placed on the distributed Bragg reflector with a high reflection band between 550 nm and 750 nm using computational models. We then introduced periodic holes of subwavelength dimension in the gold film and a quantum emitter (QE) is placed inside the spacer layer. When QE interacts with the periodic array of nano-holes, it shows an enhanced light transmission through them due to the phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), which is attributed to surface plasmon polariton excitations in the metallic structures. When the QE emission is coupled with these modes, EOT will help its emission to propagate into the far-field domain. We find an average Purcell enhancement of 3 times with 50% collection efficiency without using an antenna. The results have the potential to develop better single-photon coupling interfaces, quantum communication systems, and other quantum technologies.
Radiative decay rates for magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transitions between low-lying levels within the 4f3 ground configuration of Pr III
Authors: Maison L , Palmeri P , Quinet P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A new set of theoretical radiative decay rates characterizing forbidden transitions in doubly charged praseodymium (Pr III) is reported in the present paper. More precisely, transition probabilities were computed for all magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) lines involving the lowest energy levels of the 4f3 ground configuration located below 20 000 cm−1 since the levels above this limit are preferentially depopulated by allowed electric dipole (E1) transitions. The calculations were carried out using different computational strategies based firstly on the pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock method and secondly on the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree–Fock method. The comparison between the results obtained by these independent approaches makes it possible to estimate their reliability. Comparisons with the few previously published data were also made. In addition, some astrophysical implications were deduced from the new atomic parameters computed in the present work, such as the possible presence of [Pr III] lines in the infrared spectra recorded by the James Webb Space Telescope in the context of the investigation of kilonovae in their nebular phase, i.e. several days after neutron star mergers.
First-principles calculations of permalloy thin film on SrTiO3 substrate
Authors: He JiaWei , He JiaLi , Chen Bo , Zhang YongMei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The soft-magnetic permalloy is an iron-nickel alloy with high magnetic permeability and low coercivity, widely used in both high-frequency and low-frequency magnetic devices. This study investigates the property of permalloy thin films on SrTiO3 substrates using first-principles calculations, to simulate the heterojunction of permalloy and SrTiO3, and to compute the band structure and state density. The results show that on the permalloy–SrTiO3 interface, Fe atoms exhibit slight displacements, leading to in-plane contraction and out-of-plane expansion of the film. Additionally, the lattice mismatch induced by substrate stress is 2.0%, which is within the acceptable range. Analysis of the band structure and state density reveals that substrate stress significantly affects the magnetic properties of the permalloy thin film. It increases the state density near the Fermi level, and notably changes the magnetic moment. Further analysis indicates that the 3d orbitals of iron and nickel atoms contribute most to the magnetic moments, while the peak values of 3d-state density for iron and nickel atoms remain largely unchanged before and after stress. However, the spin density undergoes significant changes. These simulation results provide theoretical data support and reference for the application of permalloy thin films in high-performance magnetic devices.
A systematic review of diagnosis methods for rolling bearing compound faults: research status, challenges, and future prospects
Authors: Li Shengqiang , Wang Huibin , Yan Changfeng , Hou Yunfeng , Wu Lixiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rolling bearing compound faults (RBCFs), which are one of the primary causes for unscheduled downtime of rotating machinery, are characterized by randomness, sequentiality, coupling, and concealment. Therefore, timely detecon of defects is essential to reduce downtime and ensure the safety of equipment. This paper provides a systematic review of the existing applications and developments of diagnosis methods for RBCFs since 2004. They are categorized as fault mechanism analysis methods based on analytical models, feature extraction methods based on signal processing, and pattern recognition methods based on artificial intelligence, and their diagnostic frameworks are summarized in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed methods are concluded. The challenges and prospects for RBCF diagnosis methods are analyzed and discussed further. This work can offer valuable insights and research inspiration for academic scholars and industry engineers in diagnosing compound faults of rolling bearings.
Research on calibration method for line-structured light sensor based on spatial quadratic surface fitting
Authors: Zhu Linwei , Cheng Xiaoqi , Li Xiaosong , Tan Haishu , Chen Hujun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The calibration of the light plane serves as the fundamental prerequisite for accurate three-dimensional (3D) measurement using line-structured light sensor (LSLS). Aiming at the problem that the light plane projected by the line laser is not an ideal plane, this paper proposes an LSLS calibration method based on spatial quadratic surface fitting. In the LSLS measurement model, the standard conical quadratic surface equation is used to replace the plane equation in the traditional measurement model to solve the 3D coordinates of the light stripe. In the LSLS calibration process, the spatial standard conical quadratic surface fitting algorithm is also used to replace the traditional plane equation fitting method to achieve structural parameter calibration. The calibration experiment results based on general LSLS show that the calibration method described in this paper improves the fitting accuracy by 15.38% and the 3D measurement accuracy by 13.33% compared with the traditional calibration method based on light plane fitting. This not only provides a high-precision measurement solution for low-cost LSLS, but also enables its application in 3D measurements in the presence of lens refraction, where the improvement in accuracy may be even more significant.
Stereo digital image correlation using binocular super-resolution
Authors: Yin Zhuoyi , Yuan Fang , Tong Zixiang , He Xiaoyuan , Yang Fujun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The spatial resolution and measurement accuracy of the digital image correlation (DIC) method are constrained by camera resolution. This limitation is primarily determined by hardware costs. However, in current stereo DIC measurements, only the gray level or its gradient from two images is used for integer-pixel matching and sub-pixel optimization. It implicitly treats the two images from different viewpoints as independent entities before correlating them. However, the inherent structural information has not been fully utilized. This previously overlooked structural information provides a novel approach to enhancing the accuracy of DIC by leveraging the inherent correlations between stereo image pairs. The realization of binocular super-resolution typically requires a relatively small parallax. Moreover, the DIC method can achieve image window pairing with small parallax through pre-matching. This implies that binocular super-resolution and Stereo-DIC can complement each other by sharing information. In this paper, the DIC method is employed for whole-pixel image matching, while the binocular super-resolution method, based on deep learning, is applied to process the matched image pairs. Building on previous experiments, extensive datasets containing diverse experimental scenes and various speckle patterns were compiled and utilized. Furthermore, the DIC method can establish training datasets with minimal parallax through integer-pixel matching, thereby achieving highly effective super-resolution results. Experimental results demonstrate that super-resolution images with a higher signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained. Additionally, it effectively provides more image details, which enhance the calculation accuracy and resolution of DIC.
Strain effect on structural, electronic and optical properties of Gra/MoS2 heterobilayer
Authors: Hassan Hassan Ahmed Jaber , Kar Tim Chan , Mohd Shah Nurisya , Mohd Noor Nurfarhana , Ooi Chong Heng Raymond 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Heterobilayers formed by stacking graphene and MoS2 monolayers have been successfully synthesized in the laboratory, presenting a highly promising material with versatile applications due to its flexibility and enhanced optical properties. In this study, we employ density functional theory to investigate the impact of biaxial and uniaxial strain on the structural, electronic and optical properties of Graphene/MoS2 (Gra/MoS2) heterobilayer. The unstrained Gra/MoS2 is shown to be a thermodynamically stable structure with binding energy

−
0.736

eV and a band gap of 1.899 meV, which opens at the Dirac point of graphene. Gra/MoS2 is also shown to have a better refractive index and absorption coefficient when compared to MoS2 monolayer in the visible region. Under biaxial strain, heterobilayer became unstable as the structure of both monolayers changed. The variation of biaxial strain from −4% to 4% enables tuning of the band gap within a range of 1.07–6.623 meV. The Fermi level shifted towards the conduction band under compressive strain and towards the valence band under expansive strain. Manipulation of biaxial strain also facilitates tunability in energy peaks for optical properties such as the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, refractive index and absorption coefficient in the visible spectrum. In contrast, uniaxial strain induces minimal changes in the overall structure and stability of the heterobilayer, resulting in a limited band gap range of 1.118–2.4 meV. Furthermore, uniaxial strain fails to introduce significant tunability in the optical properties of the heterobilayer.
Probabilistic cellular automata simulation of microstructure evolution: the role of model parameters on precision and uncertainty
Authors: Seyed-Salehi Majid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Probabilistic cellular automata (PCA) is a widely used and cost-efficient method for simulating microstructural evolution. In this method, probabilistic state change rules determine the evolution of cell states at each time step. However, its stochastic nature introduces inherent uncertainty, leading to non-repeatable results. Most microstructural simulation studies assess the accuracy of simulations by comparing predicted results with experimental observations, neglecting uncertainties in mathematical models and algorithms. In this study, the precision and stochastic behavior of microstructure evolution in the PCA simulations were investigated. The probabilities of transformations of cell states at each time step were formulated, and discrete probability distribution functions (dPDF) were introduced to analyze the frequency distribution of simulation outcomes. The performance and consistency of these dPDFs were assessed by comparing statistical analyzes of PCA simulation results with dPDF predictions, revealing that the variance of simulation results is less than that of the binomial distribution function. Additionally, the effects of modeling parameters, such as model size, cellular resolution, and probability distribution of state changes in two- and three-dimensional PCA modeling, on the precision and reliability of simulation results were studied. In PCA models, simulation uncertainty inversely relates to the square root of model size. Furthermore, in 2D simulations, uncertainty is inversely proportional to the square root of the cellular resolution, while in 3D simulations, it is inversely proportional to the cellular resolution itself. These findings provide a simple and computationally efficient method for evaluating PCA simulation uncertainty and determining optimal simulation parameters, including model size, cellular resolution, and dimensionality.
The video analysis of an unbalanced fidget spinner
Authors: de Jesus V L B , Sasaki D G G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we propose an experiment with an unbalanced spinner, where one of its six arms (or lobes) was removed. The spinner was placed on a glass table on its body (base) in initial rotation. Its movement was filmed with a smartphone camera at 240 fps (720p HD), and the video was analyzed using the free Tracker software. The main results were (i) Showing that the rotation of the spinner no longer occurs around a fixed axis that passes through its center of mass (CM) but instead around a new axis, displaced in relation to the former main symmetry axis. (ii) Characterize the spinner’s movement on the table until it comes to rest for three points: its CM, the geometric center of its cylindrical body, and an arbitrary point on the arm opposite the removed one. (iii) Obtain an estimate of the magnitude of the maximum static friction coefficient between the glass and the spinner body surface.
Rayleigh’s criterion of resolution: experimental demonstration and MATLAB simulation
Authors: Chebrolu Rajyalakshmi , Tulsani Srikanth Reddy , Voma Uday Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article presents a method for developing a low-cost apparatus to demonstrate Rayleigh’s criterion, which defines the resolution limit of optical instruments. The setup incorporates 3D-printed components, diode lasers, a circular aperture with a radius of 100 µm, and a screen. Additionally, we developed a MATLAB-based graphical user interface, enabling users to simulate and visualize diffraction patterns in both one and two dimensions. This interactive tool enhances the study of Rayleigh’s criterion by comparing simulated diffraction patterns with experimental results, offering an accessible educational approach.
Telephone training to improve ECG quality in remote screening for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Prathivadi Bhayankaram Kethaki , Mant Jonathan , Brimicombe James , Dymond Andrew , Williams Kate , Charlton Peter H ,   on behalf of the SAFER authorship group
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Self-recorded, single-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) are increasingly used to diagnose arrhythmias. However, they can be of variable quality, affecting the reliability of interpretation. In this analysis of ECGs collected in atrial fibrillation screening studies, our aims were to: (i) determine the quality of ECGs when recorded unsupervised; and (ii) investigate whether telephone training improved ECG quality. Approach. Data was obtained from the Screening for Atrial Fibrillation with ECG to Reduce stroke programme, where participants recorded four single-lead ECG traces per day for three weeks using a handheld device. ECG quality was assessed by an automated algorithm, and participants who recorded >25% poor-quality ECGs from days 4–10 of screening were identified for training to improve ECG recording technique. Training was delivered when research team capacity permitted. Main results. 13 741 participants recorded 1127 264 ECGs, of which 41 288 (3.7%) were poor-quality. Most participants (51.5%) did not record any poor-quality ECGs. 1,088 (7.9%) participants met the threshold for training. Of these, 165 participants received training and 923 did not. The median proportion of poor-quality ECGs per participant on days 1–3 was 41.7 (27.3–50.0)% for those who received training and 33.3 (25.0–45.5)% for those who did not. On days 11–21, the median proportions of poor-quality ECGs per participant were significantly lower (p < 0.001) for those who received training, 17.8 (5.0–31.6)%, and those who did not, 14.0 (4.8–30.2)%. Comparing these groups, the mean (95% confidence interval) reduction in proportion of poor-quality ECGs from days 1–3 to days 11–21 was 20.2 (16.8–23.5)% in those who received training and 16.0 (14.7–17.3)% in those who did not (p = 0.396). Significance. Most participants achieved adequate quality ECGs. For those that did not, ECG quality improved over time regardless of whether they received telephone training. Telephone training may therefore not be required to achieve improvements in ECG quality during screening.
Pumping of matter wave solitons in one-dimensional optical superlattices
Authors: Hu Xiaoxiao , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Ai-Xi , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the pumping of matter-wave solitons formed in Bose–Einstein condensates with attractive atomic interactions that are loaded into optical superlattices, in which one of the lattices is moving with respect to the other. We find that the matter-wave solitons exhibit lattice-parameter-dependent nonlinear integer (fractional) pumping and trapping. Different from the perspective of linear band Chern numbers, treating solitons as effective classical particles provides a good understanding of the quantized pumping or trapping. This reveals an unexpected insight: the nonlinear adiabatic pumping may be classical, and the quantization may be accidental, as dictated by the spatial period of the sliding sublattice. This alternative perspective on understanding soliton pumping highlights the parameter-dependent transition between soliton quantized pumping and trapping, and it exposes the nonlinear transition from a trapped soliton to a pumped soliton with increasing nonlinearity, which has never been reported before.
Geometric phases arising from strong measurements of weak values
Authors: Montenegro C , Jara M , Marrou J P , De Zela F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Geometric phases and weak values (WVs) are two fundamental concepts that were originally introduced in the realm of quantum mechanics. In the course of time, it became clear that the two concepts apply in both the quantum domain and the classical domain. Moreover, the two concepts proved to be intimately connected with one another, as disclosed by Sjöqvist some years ago (Sjöqvist 2006 Phys. Lett. A 359 187). WVs were so named in reference to very weak couplings between a system’s observable, e.g. light polarization, and its measuring device, the ‘pointer’. However, the actual definition of WVs does not involve the system-pointer coupling strength. We have addressed the strong coupling regime both theoretically and experimentally, thereby obtaining geometric phases out of WVs. We report experimental results as a proof-of-concept, using classical light beams and single-shot images. Our approach applies without essential modifications also to single photons.
High-dimensional robust regression under heavy-tailed data: asymptotics and universality
Authors: Adomaityte Urte , Defilippis Leonardo , Loureiro Bruno , Sicuro Gabriele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the high-dimensional properties of robust regression estimators in the presence of heavy-tailed contamination of both the covariates and response functions. In particular, we provide a sharp asymptotic characterisation of M-estimators trained on a family of elliptical covariate and noise data distributions including cases where second and higher moments do not exist. We show that, despite being consistent, the Huber loss with optimally tuned location parameter δ is suboptimal in the high-dimensional regime in the presence of heavy-tailed noise, highlighting the necessity of further regularisation to achieve optimal performance. This result also uncovers the existence of a transition in δ as a function of the sample complexity and contamination. Moreover, we derive the decay rates for the excess risk of ridge regression. We show that, while it is both optimal and universal for covariate distributions with finite second moment, its decay rate can be considerably faster when the covariates’ second moment does not exist. Finally, we show that our formulas readily generalise to a richer family of models and data distributions, such as generalised linear estimation with arbitrary convex regularisation trained on mixture models.