bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Using Radioactive Particle Tracking as an Alternative Technique for Experimental Investigation in Bubble Column Reactor
Authors: Mohd Yunos Mohd Amirul Syafiq , Sipaun Susan Maria , Hussain Siti Aslina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRadioactive particle tracking (RPT) is one of the non-invasive techniques for monitoring and investigating multiphase flow system. This technique have been widely utilized in the field of chemical process engineering for better understanding and optimizing process hydrodynamics especially in the multiphase reactor such as bubble column reactor. Due to opaque nature of industrial process systems, especially in the case of multiphase flows, noninvasive methods based on ionizing radiation have been considered for evaluating the hydrodynamic parameters. The feasibility study of radioactive particle tracking techniques in quadrilateral bubble column reactor has been successfully achieved. The radioactive particle tracking facility and data acquisition system has been developed and experimental calibration using single particle radioactive particle46Sc to investigate dynamics behaviour of quadrilateral bubble column reactor is completed. The results indicated that there is back mixing behaviour in the bubble column process. The results also reported that the radioactive particle46Sc is still in good condition and there is no radiation contamination problem arises while performing radioactive particle tracking techniques. The RPT technique was performed to reveal the instantaneous velocity and time-averaged liquid velocity in the current bubble column reactor.
Geometry for evolving topographies of light-responsive plastic sheets
Authors: Warner Mark 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recently, topography change by illumination of pre-stretched, flat sheets covered in ink of optical density varying in-plane has been demonstrated by (Mailen et al, 2019 Smart Mater. Struct. 48 107587). They reduce an analysis of the problem to one of metric change in the sheets in the thin limit, that is, to a question of geometry. We present the explicit form of the contraction field needed to produce the bowls these authors were interested in, using a method that can also yield the contraction field for more general desired, circularly-symmetric topography development. We give as examples the fields required for developing paraboloids and catenoids.
Polyphyly of the iconic cactus genus Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) and its generic circumscription
Authors: Vázquez-sánchez Monserrat , Sánchez Daniel , Terrazas Teresa , De La Rosa-Tilapa Alejandro , Arias Salvador 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeneric circumscription and species relationships in several lineages in Cactaceae tribe Cacteae remain unresolved. Turbinicarpus s.l. is one of the most species-rich genera in Cacteae, with its centre of distribution in the Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico. We reconstructed a phylogenetic tree of Turbinicarpus s.l. with Bayesian inference, using plastid DNA sequences and morphological characters, and inferred biogeographic history in order to understand their relationships. Our results supported the recognition of three different monophyletic lineages: Kadenicarpus, Rapicactus and Turbinicarpus. Kadenicarpus is endemic to the southernmost part of the Chihuahuan Desert in the states of Hidalgo and Querétaro. Rapicactus and Turbinicarpus are distributed in the main region of the Chihuahuan Desert where they have areas of overlap.
Red blood cell dysfunction: a new player in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Pernow John , Mahdi Ali , Yang Jiangning , Zhou Zhichao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs. However, emerging evidence suggests an important role of the RBC beyond being just a passive carrier of the respiratory gases. The RBCs are of importance for redox balance and are actively involved in the regulation of vascular tone, especially during hypoxic and ischaemic conditions by the release of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and adenosine triphosphate. The role of the RBC has gained further interest after recent discoveries demonstrating a markedly altered function of the cell in several pathological conditions. Such alterations include increased adhesion capability, increased formation of reactive oxygen species as well as altered protein content and enzymatic activities. Beyond signalling increased oxidative stress, the altered function of RBCs is characterized by reduced export of NO bioactivity regulated by increased arginase activity. Of further importance, the altered function of RBCs has important implications for several cardiovascular disease conditions. RBCs have been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction and to increase cardiac injury during ischaemia-reperfusion in diabetes mellitus. Finally, this new knowledge has led to novel therapeutic possibilities to intervene against cardiovascular disease by targeting signalling in the RBC. These novel data open up an entirely new view on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind the cardiovascular disease processes in diabetes mellitus mediated by the RBC. This review highlights the current knowledge regarding the role of RBCs in cardiovascular regulation with focus on their importance for cardiovascular dysfunction in pathological conditions and therapeutic possibilities for targeting RBCs in cardiovascular disease.
A comprehensive analysis of the effects of rivaroxaban on stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with heart failure, coronary artery disease, and sinus rhythm: the COMMANDER HF trial
Authors: Mehra Mandeep R , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Fu Min , Ferreira João Pedro , Anker Stefan D , Cleland John G F , Lam Carolyn S P , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Byra William M , Spiro Theodore E , Deng Hsiaowei , Zannad Faiez , Greenberg Barry 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Stroke is often a devastating event among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection (HFrEF). In COMMANDER HF, rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.i.d. did not reduce the composite of first occurrence of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction compared with placebo in patients with HFrEF, coronary artery disease (CAD), and sinus rhythm. We now examine the incidence, timing, type, severity, and predictors of stroke or a transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and seek to establish the net clinical benefit of treatment with low-dose rivaroxaban.

Methods and results
In this double-blind, randomized trial, 5022 patients who had HFrEF(≤40%), elevated natriuretic peptides, CAD, and who were in sinus rhythm were treated with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.i.d. or placebo in addition to antiplatelet therapy, after an episode of worsening HF. The primary neurological outcome for this post hoc analysis was time to first event of any stroke or TIA. Over a median follow-up of 20.5 (25th–75th percentiles 20.0–20.9) months, 150 all-cause stroke (127) or TIA (23) events occurred (ischaemic stroke in 82% and haemorrhagic stroke in 11% of stroke events). Overall, 47.5% of first-time strokes were either disabling (16.5%) or fatal (31%). Prior stroke, low body mass index, geographic region, and the CHA2DS2-VASc score were predictors of stroke/TIA. Rivaroxaban significantly reduced the primary neurological endpoint of all-cause stroke or TIA compared with placebo by 32% (1.29 events vs. 1.90 events per 100 patient-years), adjusted for the time from index HF event to randomization and stratified by geographic region (adjusted hazard ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.94), with a number needed to treat of 164 patients per year to prevent one stroke/TIA event. The principal safety endpoint of fatal bleeding or bleeding into a critical space, occurred at a similar rate on rivaroxaban and placebo (0.44 events vs. 0.55 events per 100 patient-years).

Conclusions
Patients with HFrEF and CAD are at risk for stroke or TIA in the period following an episode of worsening heart failure in the absence of atrial fibrillation. Most strokes are of ischaemic origin and nearly half are either disabling or fatal. Rivaroxaban at a dose of 2.5 mg b.i.d. reduced rates of stroke or TIA compared with placebo in this population.

Trial Registration
COMMANDER HF (A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Reducing the Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction, or Stroke in Participants with Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease Following an Episode of Decompensated Heart Failure); ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01877915.
Birational Superrigidity and K-Stability of Singular Fano Complete Intersections
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Zhuang Ziquan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We introduce an inductive argument for proving birational superrigidity and $K$-stability of singular Fano complete intersections of index one, using the same types of information from lower dimensions. In particular, we prove that a hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^{n+1}$ of degree $n+1$ with only ordinary singularities of multiplicity at most $n-5$ is birationally superrigid and $K$-stable if $n\gg 0$. As part of the argument, we also establish an adjunction-type result for local volumes of singularities.
Application of the Domestic and EU Antitrust Prohibitions: an analysis of the UK competition authority's enforcement practice
Authors: Rodger Barry J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article makes a significant and original contribution to the literature on the enforcement practices of competition authorities by providing the first comprehensive account of the work of the UK National Competition Authority (The OFT and latterly the CMA) in its primary task of enforcing the EU and domestic antitrust prohibitions. A rigorous empirical study of the full 19 years of enforcement practice provides the only detailed analysis of this central pillar of UK competition law enforcement, based on a new data-set on the prohibition Case Outcomes in that period which provides information on the quantity of cases, competition law provisions applied and types of Case Outcome. The article identifies and explains the apparent focus to date on by-object agreement competition law infringements and reveals data on the fining record of the UK competition authority. The article also provides the first data and narrative on the enforcement of the EU antitrust prohibitions within the UK. Overall, the article reveals a disappointing track record by the UK competition authority in enforcing both the domestic and EU prohibitions, on an absolute and relative basis, in comparison with other leading EU MS NCAs, and provides an empirically-driven account which allows us to reflect on experience to date and inform enforcement practice for the future.
Yudhiṣṭhira and the blending of mokṣa into the puruṣārthas: A way of thinking about the dialogue of the Ṣaḍgītā
Authors: Muñoz Gomez Paloma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractYudhiṣṭhira has long been considered a character who is at the crossroads of two different ideologies, i.e., pravṛtti, active social engagement, and nivṛtti, withdrawal from social engagement. Further, by drawing out the thematic convergence around the puruṣārthas between the dialogues of the Pāṇḍavas at the beginning of the Śāntiparvan and the Ṣaḍgītā, Bowles argues that the Ṣaḍgītā signals Yudhiṣhira’s transformation from wanting to renounce to facing up to his duty to rule (2007, 2009). In this article, I explore further the important role these two interconnected sets of passages have in the integration of mokṣa into the scope of the puruṣārthas. I show how in the Ṣaḍgītā Yudhiṣṭhira is represented as synthesising the knowledge about renunciation he is portrayed as displaying in the earlier Śāntiparvan dialogues, and performing a blend of nivṛtti and pravṛtti values that redefines, in the context of the puruṣārthas, the notion of mokṣa.
From Roll-Out to Reverse: Understanding Tanzania’s Withdrawal from the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF)
Authors: Fellesson Måns 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article tries to bring some clarity to the dynamics of current Tanzanian politics that led to the sudden withdrawal of the country from the voluntary commitment to be a Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) roll-out country and, through this, an international forerunner in the application of the new comprehensive and multi-stakeholder approach embedded in the ‘New Way of Working’. Specifically, the article will look into the possible underlying factors behind the decision to retreat from the application of the CRRF and highlight the potential implications of this course of action. Finally, in light of the above, the article will discuss lessons learned that could inform the implementation of the CRRF in other roll-out countries and suggest possible ways forward on how to strategically work with durable solutions in Tanzania beyond the option of voluntary repatriation.
Developing an effective scheme for translation and expansion of Persian user queries
Authors: Esmailpour Razieh , Ebrahimy Saeideh , Fakhrahmad Seyed Mostafa , Mohammadi Mehdi , Abbaspour Javad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study aims at introducing a new source for translation and expansion of user queries in Persian language in order to develop a bilingual dictionary. For the purpose of this study, required data were extracted and processed from English and Persian bibliographic information of journal articles to develop a dictionary for query translation and expansion, denoted as Query Expansion Assistant Database (QEAD). In this study, psychology and educational sciences journals have been selected as the sample with the potential of extension to other domains. Persian–English authors’ keywords were used for translation part and titles of English references were used to extract phrases using natural language processing techniques for the expansion part. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated. Then we evaluated this approach using human evaluation by using Google translate (GT) and Google scholar. Although the evaluation of translation part indicated 60% match between GT and QEAD, in 40% of unmatched translations, QEAD showed a better performance according to expert evaluators. Expansion part of QEAD was compared with Google scholar suggestions, which indicated that the expanded words of QEAD can equalize with Google scholar suggestions. Persian as a low resource language needs more qualified lexicon translation. In addition, using the English–Persian bibliographic information of scientific journals to mine lexicon translation is conducted for the first time. Since these journals are peer-reviewed, they can be a valuable source for translation of user’s query. Users can be informed of the most prevalent and up-to-date words or phrases among scientists, because journals are published frequently.
Spitzenkandidaten beyond Westminster: Comparing Chancellor Candidates in Germany and Austria
Authors: Helms Ludger 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Top candidates of political parties are increasingly identified as a preeminent factor in electoral campaigns and with regard to winning governmental office; yet they have always been important to a deeper understanding of party competition. This article looks into German and Austrian post-war chancellor candidates, that is, the parties’ lead candidates reaching out for the top job in the executive branch. The more particular focus is on the political profiles and track records of non-incumbent candidates challenging a sitting chancellor. The study proceeds from a brief discussion of German and Austrian ‘peculiarities’, judged against the established parameters of Westminster-style politics, to a comparative empirical assessment. Of the four hypotheses developed (relating to constitutional features, parties and party families, opportunity structures for female candidates and ‘personalisation’), only one is supported by our empirical findings. However, the notable problems of relating empirical patterns to theoretical propositions may not all be caused by political contingency. To some extent, it seems, they rather reflect the strategic choices of challenging parties specifically designed to generate the impression of ‘freshness’, and to take incumbents by surprise.
Disagreement and Uncertainty Among Experts About how to Respond to Marijuana Use in Patients on Long-term Opioids for Chronic Pain: Results of a Delphi Study
Authors: Starrels Joanna L , Young Sarah R , Azari Soraya S , Becker William C , Jennifer Edelman E , Liebschutz Jane M , Pomeranz Jamie , Roy Payel , Saini Shalini , Merlin Jessica S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Marijuana use is common among patients on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic pain, but there is a lack of evidence to guide clinicians’ response.

Objective
To generate expert consensus about responding to marijuana use among patients on LTOT.

Design
Analysis from an online Delphi study.

Setting/Subjects
Clinician experts in pain and opioid management across the United States.

Methods
Participants generated management strategies in response to marijuana use without distinction between medical and nonmedical use, then rated the importance of each management strategy from 1 (not at all important) to 9 (extremely important). A priori rules for consensus were established, and disagreement was explored using cases. Thematic analysis of free-text responses examined factors that influenced participants’ decision-making.

Results
Of 42 participants, 64% were internal medicine physicians. There was consensus that it is not important to taper opioids as an initial response to marijuana use. There was disagreement about the importance of tapering opioids if there is a pattern of repeated marijuana use without clinical suspicion for a cannabis use disorder (CUD) and consensus that tapering is of uncertain importance if there is suspicion for CUD. Three themes influenced experts’ perceptions of the importance of tapering: 1) benefits and harms of marijuana for the individual patient, 2) a spectrum of belief about the overall riskiness of marijuana use, and 3) variable state laws or practice policies.

Conclusions
Experts disagree and are uncertain about the importance of opioid tapering for patients with marijuana use. Experts were influenced by patient factors, provider beliefs, and marijuana policy, highlighting the need for further research.
Combination therapy with mandibular advancement and expiratory positive airway pressure valves reduces obstructive sleep apnea severity
Authors: Lai Victor , Tong Benjamin K , Tran Carolin , Ricciardiello Andrea , Donegan Michelle , Murray Nicholas P , Carberry Jayne C , Eckert Danny J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectivesMandibular advancement splint (MAS) therapy is a well-tolerated alternative to continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Other therapies, including nasal expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) valves, can also reduce OSA severity. However, >50% of patients have an incomplete or no therapeutic response with either therapy alone and thus remain at risk of adverse health outcomes. Combining these therapies may yield greater efficacy to provide a therapeutic solution for many incomplete/nonresponders to MAS therapy. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy with MAS plus EPAP in incomplete/nonresponders to MAS alone.MethodsTwenty-two people with OSA (apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] = 22 [13, 42] events/hr), who were incomplete/nonresponders (residual AHI > 5 events/hr) on an initial split-night polysomnography with a novel MAS device containing an oral airway, completed an additional split-night polysomnography with MAS + oral EPAP valve and MAS + oral and nasal EPAP valves (order randomized).ResultsCompared with MAS alone, MAS + oral EPAP significantly reduced the median total AHI, with further reductions with the MAS + oral/nasal EPAP combination (15 [10, 34] vs. 10 [7, 21] vs. 7 [3, 13] events/hr, p < 0.01). Larger reductions occurred in supine nonrapid eye movement AHI with MAS + oral/nasal EPAP combination therapy (ΔAHI = 23 events/hr, p < 0.01). OSA resolved (AHI < 5 events/hr) with MAS + oral/nasal EPAP in nine individuals and 13 had ≥50% reduction in AHI from no MAS. However, sleep efficiency was lower with MAS + oral/nasal EPAP versus MAS alone or MAS + oral EPAP (78 ± 19 vs. 87 ± 10 and 88 ± 10% respectively, p < 0.05).ConclusionsCombination therapy with a novel MAS device and simple oral or oro-nasal EPAP valves reduces OSA severity to therapeutic levels for a substantial proportion of incomplete/nonresponders to MAS therapy alone.Clinical TrialsName: Targeted combination therapy: Physiological mechanistic studies to inform treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372279 Registration: ACTRN12617000492358 (Part C)
A tail of evolution: evaluating body length, weight and locomotion as potential drivers of tail length scaling in Australian marsupial mammals
Authors: Weisbecker Vera , Speck Cruise , Baker Andrew M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough mammalian tail length relative to body length is considered indicative of locomotor mode, this association has been difficult to quantify. This could be because the counterweight function of the tail might associate it more with body weight than body length. Alternatively, relative tail length might not be evolutionarily flexible owing to its integration with the remaining skeleton, particularly the spine. Using comparative analyses of morphological means and ranges in Australian marsupials, including the first co-assessment with body weight, our study supports the second hypothesis, i.e. tail length ranges within species, and tail lengths among species are explained better by body length than by body weight. However, all three variables do not differ in phylogenetic signal or rates of evolution. Associations of tail lengths with locomotion are limited, but suggest that scaling slopes, rather than intercepts, are responsible for limited divergence between relative tail lengths at different locomotor modes. This complicates (palaeo-)ecological interpretations of tail length further. We conclude that relative tail length is not a strong predictor of locomotor mode, probably owing to strong integration of tail and body length. The many well-documented bony and soft-tissue adaptations of tails are likely to be better suited to interpretations of locomotor adaptations.
Systematic revision of Sarcosuchus hartti (Crocodyliformes) from the Recôncavo Basin (Early Cretaceous) of Bahia, north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Souza Rafael G , Figueiredo Rodrigo G , Azevedo Sérgio A K , Riff Douglas , Kellner Alexander W A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSarcosuchus hartii was a top predator that inhabited the fluvial and coastal areas of north-eastern Brazil during the Early Cretaceous. Several fossil remains were recovered during the late 19th and early 20th centuries from strata that outcrop in the Recôncavo Basin in the state of Bahia. A re-analysis of this material shows that S. hartii is a valid species. The Brazilian taxon differs from the African Sarcosuchus imperator in the unique pattern of anastomosing ornamentation observed on the enamel surface. The inclusion of S. hartii in a novel phylogenetic analysis recovered it inside Tethysuchia, a large clade comprising South and North American pholidosaurids along Elosuchidae and Dyrosauridae. The evolutionary origin of Sarcosuchus is likely related to a cladogenesis event that resulted from the break-up of Gondwana.
Development of a Standardized, Reproducible Screening Examination for Assessment of Pelvic Floor Myofascial Pain
Authors: Meister Melanie R. , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Ghetti Chiara , Chu Christine M. , Spitznagle Theresa , Warren David K. , Lowder Jerry L. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;220:255.e1–255.e9)
Myofascial pain, a common chronic pain disorder, is characterized by tenderness to palpation of muscles and connective tissue, causing both local and referred pain. The primary pelvic floor muscles affected by myofascial pain in both men and women include levator ani and internal hip (obturator internus).