bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Aneurysms and Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Critical Review
Authors: Lozano Andres M. , Leblanc Richard 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:The pathogenic basis of the association between adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) and cerebral aneurysms is unknown. We have compared cerebral aneurysms in 79 patients with APKD gleaned from the literature to the sporadic aneurysm cases reported by the Cooperative Study to determine if there are significant biological differences between these two groups. Sixty-eight patients had a single aneurysm and 11 (14%) had multiple aneurysms. In APKD patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from a single aneurysm there was a significant over-representation of males (72%, p < 0.01); and the APKD group had more aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery (37%, p < 0.05). The peak decennial incidence and mean age of rupture of APKD-associated aneurysms was younger (mean age 39.7 years, p < 0.01) and over 77% of APKD-associated aneurysms had ruptured by age 50 versus 42% for sporadic aneurysms (p < 0.001). Cerebral aneurysms co-existed with APKD in the absence of hypertension in 25% of 45 cases where the presence or absence of hypertension was recorded. These biological differences and the occurrence of aneurysms in normotensive APKD patients suggests an etiology which may be independent of hypertension and that APKD-associated aneurysms may be genetically determined. It is hypothesized that cases of inherited, familial cerebral aneurysms could be linked to a genetic defect resembling that which occurs on chromosome 16 in APKD.
Tegmental Pontine Hemorrhages: Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Lancman Marcelo , Norscini Jorge , Mesropian Hripsime , Bardeci Carlos , Bauso Toselli , Granillo Rubens 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:We report six patients with partial, predominantly paramedian, tegmental pontine hemorrhages. Constant clinical manifestations consisted of: ipsilateral miosis, horizontal gaze paresis, lower motor neuron facial paresis, contralateral hemisensory loss and mild and transitory hemiparesis, dysarthria and mild or no compromise of consciousness. Five out of six were hypertensive. All patients survived with mild sequelae, oculomotor disturbances being the most persistent deficit. We found in our patients that a transverse diameter of less than 17 mm, unilaterality of the injury and absence of coma were the major indicators of a favorable outcome.
The Experience of Family Physicians and Home Health Staff Involved in an Intervention to Increase Patient-Related Collaboration
Authors: Berg Shannon , Sheps Sam , Barer Morris , Wong Sabrina T. , McGregor Margaret , MacNab Ying C 
Published: May 2019

RÉSUMÉLes médecins de famille (MF) et le personnel de soins de santé à domicile (PSD) canadiens rencontrent d’importants obstacles lorsqu’ils doivent collaborer pour la prestation de soins aux patients qu’ils ont en commun. Cette étude à méthodologie mixte visait à évaluer la qualité et la viabilité de l’utilisation de l’audioconférence sécurisée dans une optique d’amélioration de la planification des soins pour ces patients. Les données primaires incluaient les résultats d’un sondage réalisé avant et après l’intervention, ainsi que des entretiens semi-structurés et des groupes de discussion post-intervention. Des méthodes statistiques non paramétriques ont été utilisées pour analyser les résultats du sondage, et les données qualitatives ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique de contenu. Les résultats des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives ont ensuite été intégrés afin de faire ressortir les inférences reflétant les approches des MF et du PSD relatives aux obstacles et aux avantages de la planification interdisciplinaire des soins. Les MF et le PSD ont montré que des obstacles structurels limitent leur capacité à collaborer. Le PSD et les MF ont également convenu que les rencontres entre les intervenants des deux services étaient bénéfiques pour les patients et que l’utilisation de l’audioconférence constituait une méthode efficiente de planification collaborative des soins. Les limites comprenaient la petite taille de l’échantillon et la courte période d’intervention, compte tenu de l’ampleur des changements attendus.
THE ANCIENT SHELL COLLECTORS: TWO MILLENNIA OF MARINE SHELL EXCHANGE AT CEIBAL, GUATEMALA
Authors: Sharpe Ashley E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines 2,000 years of marine trade to the ancient Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala. Located almost 150 kilometers from the nearest coast in Belize, Ceibal was a large community spanning the Middle Preclassic through early Postclassic periods (1000b.c.–a.d.1200). It therefore provides an excellent opportunity to assess the marine resources imported through the southern Maya lowlands over many centuries, offering insight into trade networks, uses of shell ornaments, religious beliefs and rituals, and other activities involving marine species. The study compares marine invertebrate data from Ceibal to a neighboring subordinate community, Caobal, as well as data previously reported from sites in the southern Mesoamerican lowlands, in order to understand regional sociocultural and trade connections over time. The majority of Ceibal's marine taxa are Atlantic species and reflect shell trends observed elsewhere in Guatemala and Belize, suggesting strong ties to trade networks eastward to the coast that lasted many centuries.
Ethical Issues in Prehospital Research
Authors: Davis Eric A. , Maio Ronald F. 
Published: May 2019

The atrocities committed by Nazi physicians and scientists, in the name of furthering medical science, is an appalling page of the history of medical research. In the wake of World War II, the scientific community strived to develop regulations to guard against future abuses in medical research. However, a particularly sobering thought is that the atrocities in Germany were being carried out in a country that had specific regulations for protecting human research subjects: Nazi Germany was the only European country to have such regulations. A more in-depth look at these regulations reveals institutional or department heads were held accountable, but not the individual researcher. The lesson from this analysis is clear: individual investigators must bear the responsibility of conducting ethical research. Governmental regulations and Institutional Review Boards never can replace investigators who are advocates for the protection of human subjects.The purpose of this paper is to address issues broadly regarding ethics and prehospital research, with a focus on the topic of informed consent.
Publishing Your Research–II
Authors: Birnbaum Marvin L. 
Published: May 2019

The principal reason to conduct medical research is twofold: 1) to provide an answer to some question that is important to the investigator(s); and 2) to affect the behavior of others involved in the practice of medicine. In order to accomplish the latter of these two objectives, the results of your labors must be published in a reputable medical Journal so that it can impact upon the practice of your peers. To accomplish this, it is necessary to conform to certain rules in the development of the manuscript, and then have the paper evaluated for its relative merits for publication by a panel of your peers. These issues are addressed in this paper.We all tend to be somewhat naive about the need to write in terms that can be understood and appreciated by our peers. Without clarity and understanding, our work has little impact on others. All that will be accomplished is the knowledge that you think you have gained from what you have done. There are several benefits associated with submission of your hard-earned work for review by your peers. Perhaps the most significant is that the process of peer review constitutes a learning process for the reviewers as well as the authors.
ON STABILITY OF PHYSICALLY REASONABLE SOLUTIONS TO THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS
Authors: Maekawa Yasunori 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe flow past an obstacle is a fundamental object in fluid mechanics. In 1967 Finn and Smith proved the unique existence of stationary solutions, called the physically reasonable solutions, to the Navier–Stokes equations in a two-dimensional exterior domain modeling this type of flows when the Reynolds number is sufficiently small. The asymptotic behavior of their solution at spatial infinity has been studied in detail and well understood by now, while its stability has remained open due to the difficulty specific to the two-dimensionality. In this paper, we prove that the physically reasonable solutions constructed by Finn and Smith are asymptotically stable with respect to small and well-localized initial perturbations.
THE RACIAL BOUNDARIES OF INEQUALITY
Authors: Douds Kiara W. , O’Connell Heather A. , Bratter Jenifer L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany White Americans believe that individual rather than structural factors explain racial inequality, yet there is substantial variation in Whites’ perceptions. Using data from the Portraits of American Life Study, we exploit this variation to provide insight into the processes driving Whites’ perceptions of the causes of racial inequality. Specifically, we assess how social boundaries inform Whites’ explanations for the disadvantage of two racial groups: Blacks and Asians. First, we examine how each group’s position in the racial hierarchy relates to the types of explanations employed by Whites and find that Whites use individual explanations more often for Blacks than Asians. Second, we assess the extent to which the importance given to race in one’s overall identity affects how Whites explain racial disadvantage. Whites who see their Whiteness as being important to their identity are more likely to use individual rather than structural explanations to explain Black disadvantage. Together, these findings provide insight into the social psychological processes that contribute to Whites’ perceptions of racial inequality and suggest increased attention to how perceptions of out-group boundaries shape individual perceptions of inequality. Addressing this dimension of how individuals view inequality will be critical to future efforts to reduce it.
Ambipolar Electric Field in the Martian Ionosphere: MAVEN Measurements
Authors: Akbari H. , Andersson L. , Peterson W. K. , Espley J. , Benna M. , Ergun R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe altitude and the local solar time dependence of the electron pressure and the resulting ambipolar electric field in the Martian ionosphere have been investigated by utilizing the electron density and temperature measurements obtained by the Langmuir Probe and Waves instrument aboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission (MAVEN) spacecraft. The magnitude of the ambipolar electric field is estimated to be 1–2 μV/m on the dayside—producing, on average, a total potential drop of up to 800 mV below 600 km. These calculations, when combined with the previous understandings on the significance of the Poynting flux in the Martian ionosphere, suggest that the ambipolar electric field and the Poynting flux are equally important in establishing a steady state in which the ions are transported from below the exobase to higher altitudes.
Petrogenesis of ODP Hole 735B (Leg 176) Oceanic Plagiogranite: Partial Melting of Gabbros or Advanced Extent of Fractional Crystallization?
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Niu Yaoling , Wang Xiaohong , Gong Hongmei , Guo Pengyuan , Gao Yajie , Shen Fangyu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOceanic plagiogranite was first defined by Coleman in 1975 as an assemblage of felsic rocks in the ocean crust and is the sole rock type in ophiolites for age dating. However, the petrogenesis of these felsic rocks remains controversial. Some consider them as partial melting products of gabbros, while others interpret them as representing highly evolved residual melt of ocean ridge magmatism. To resolve this debate, we focus our study on felsic veins from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 735B (Leg 176) in the Southwest Indian Ridge. We carried out detailed petrography, mineral compositional analysis, bulk‐rock trace element, and Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotope analysis and petrological modeling. These data and observations lead to the conclusion that these felsic vein lithologies (i.e., oceanic plagiogranite) are solidified residual melts after advanced extents of fractional crystallization of ocean ridge basaltic magmas, rather than partial melting products of gabbros. At the late stage of mid‐ocean ridge basaltic magma evolution, Fe‐Ti oxides appear on the liquidus to crystallize, resulting in the residual melts rapidly enriched in SiO2. Such silicic melts are buoyant and can transport through “cracking” within the lithologies of the gabbroic sections of the ocean crust in the form of felsic dykes, veins, and veinlets. The volumetrically small (~0.5%) but widespread plagiogranite veins and veinlets throughout the gabbroic sections provide evidence that multiple small melt batch intrusion and differentiation are primary mechanism and mode of ocean crust accretion at slow‐spreading ridges.
Pb clustering and PbI2 nanofragmentation during methylammonium lead iodide perovskite degradation
Authors: Alberti Alessandra , Bongiorno Corrado , Smecca Emanuele , Deretzis Ioannis , La Magna Antonino , Spinella Corrado 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudying defect formation and evolution in MethylAmmonium lead Iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite layers has a bottleneck in the softness of the matter and in its consequent sensitivity to external solicitations. Here we report that, in a polycrystalline MAPbI3 layer, Pb-related defects aggregate into nanoclusters preferentially at the triple grain boundaries as unveiled by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses at low total electron dose. Pb-clusters are killer against MAPbI3 integrity since they progressively feed up the hosting matrix. This progression is limited by the concomitant but slower transformation of the MAPbI3 core to fragmented and interconnected nano-grains of 6H-PbI2 that are structurally linked to the mother grain as in strain-relaxed heteroepitaxial coupling. The phenomenon occurs more frequently under TEM degradation whilst air degradation is more prone to leave uncorrelated [001]-oriented 2H-PbI2 grains as statistically found by X-Ray Diffraction. This path is kinetically costlier but thermodynamically favoured and is easily activated by catalytic species.
Chromatin dysregulation and DNA methylation at transcription start sites associated with transcriptional repression in cancers
Authors: Ando Mizuo , Saito Yuki , Xu Guorong , Bui Nam Q. , Medetgul-Ernar Kate , Pu Minya , Fisch Kathleen , Ren Shuling , Sakai Akihiro , Fukusumi Takahito , Liu Chao , Haft Sunny , Pang John , Mark Adam , Gaykalova Daria A. , Guo Theresa , Favorov Alexander V. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Fertig Elana J. , Ha Patrick , Tamayo Pablo , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Ideker Trey , Messer Karen , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough promoter-associated CpG islands have been established as targets of DNA methylation changes in cancer, previous studies suggest that epigenetic dysregulation outside the promoter region may be more closely associated with transcriptional changes. Here we examine DNA methylation, chromatin marks, and transcriptional alterations to define the relationship between transcriptional modulation and spatial changes in chromatin structure. Using human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma as a model, we show aberrant enrichment of repressive H3K9me3 at the transcriptional start site (TSS) with methylation-associated, tumor-specific gene silencing. Further analysis identifies a hypermethylated subtype which shows a functional convergence on MYC targets and association withCREBBP/EP300mutation. The tumor-specific shift to transcriptional repression associated with DNA methylation at TSSs was confirmed in multiple tumor types. Our data may show a common underlying epigenetic dysregulation in cancer associated with broad enrichment of repressive chromatin marks and aberrant DNA hypermethylation at TSSs in combination with MYC network activation.
Functional linkage of gene fusions to cancer cell fitness assessed by pharmacological and CRISPR-Cas9 screening
Authors: Picco Gabriele , Chen Elisabeth D. , Alonso Luz Garcia , Behan Fiona M. , Gonçalves Emanuel , Bignell Graham , Matchan Angela , Fu Beiyuan , Banerjee Ruby , Anderson Elizabeth , Butler Adam , Benes Cyril H. , McDermott Ultan , Dow David , Iorio Francesco , Stronach Euan , Yang Fengtang , Yusa Kosuke , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Garnett Mathew J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany gene fusions are reported in tumours and for most their role remains unknown. As fusions are used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, and are targets for treatment, it is crucial to assess their function in cancer. To systematically investigate the role of fusions in tumour cell fitness, we utilized RNA-sequencing data from 1011 human cancer cell lines to functionally link 8354 fusion events with genomic data, sensitivity to >350 anti-cancer drugs and CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-fitness effects. Established clinically-relevant fusions were identified. Overall, detection of functional fusions was rare, including those involving cancer driver genes, suggesting that many fusions are dispensable for tumour fitness. Therapeutically actionable fusions involving RAF1, BRD4 and ROS1 were verified in new histologies. In addition, recurrent YAP1-MAML2 fusions were identified as activators of Hippo-pathway signaling in multiple cancer types. Our approach discriminates functional fusions, identifying new drivers of carcinogenesis and fusions that could have clinical implications.
Proteome-wide detection of S-nitrosylation targets and motifs using bioorthogonal cleavable-linker-based enrichment and switch technique
Authors: Mnatsakanyan Ruzanna , Markoutsa Stavroula , Walbrunn Kim , Roos Andreas , Verhelst Steven H. L. , Zahedi René P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCysteine modifications emerge as important players in cellular signaling and homeostasis. Here, we present a chemical proteomics strategy for quantitative analysis of reversibly modified Cysteines using bioorthogonal cleavable-linker and switch technique (Cys-BOOST). Compared to iodoTMT for total Cysteine analysis, Cys-BOOST shows a threefold higher sensitivity and considerably higher specificity and precision. Analyzing S-nitrosylation (SNO) in S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-treated and non-treated HeLa extracts Cys-BOOST identifies 8,304 SNO sites on 3,632 proteins covering a wide dynamic range of the proteome. Consensus motifs of SNO sites with differential GSNO reactivity confirm the relevance of both acid-base catalysis and local hydrophobicity for NO targeting to particular Cysteines. Applying Cys-BOOST to SH-SY5Y cells, we identify 2,151 SNO sites under basal conditions and reveal significantly changed SNO levels as response to early nitrosative stress, involving neuro(axono)genesis, glutamatergic synaptic transmission, protein folding/translation, and DNA replication. Our work suggests SNO as a global regulator of protein function akin to phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
Metal-organic frameworks with photocatalytic bactericidal activity for integrated air cleaning
Authors: Li Ping , Li Jiazhen , Feng Xiao , Li Jie , Hao Yuchen , Zhang Jinwei , Wang Hang , Yin Anxiang , Zhou Junwen , Ma Xiaojie , Wang Bo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAir filtration has become an essential need for passive pollution control. However, most of the commercial air purifiers rely on dense fibrous filters, which have good particulate matter (PM) removal capability but poor biocidal effect. Here we present the photocatalytic bactericidal properties of a series of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their potentials in air pollution control and personal protection. Specifically, a zinc-imidazolate MOF (ZIF-8) exhibits almost complete inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (>99.9999% inactivation efficiency) in saline within 2 h of simulated solar irradiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that photoelectrons trapped at Zn+ centers within ZIF-8 via ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) are responsible for oxygen-reduction related reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is the dominant disinfection mechanism. Air filters fabricated from ZIF-8 show remarkable performance for integrated pollution control, with >99.99% photocatalytic killing efficiency against airborne bacteria in 30 min and 97% PM removal. This work may shed light on designing new porous solids with photocatalytic antibiotic capability for public health protection.
Different effects of partial pressure in a high-pressure gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen for rat heart preservation
Authors: Hatayama Naoyuki , Hirai Shuichi , Fukushige Kaori , Yokota Hiroki , Itoh Masahiro , Naito Munekazu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe maintained the function of an extracted rat heart after 24–48 h preservation in a high-pressure gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2). Here, we assessed the effects of different partial pressures of hyperbaric CO and O2 for 24–48 h at 4 °C on rat heart preservation and compared conditions including immersion in University of Wisconsin solution. Preserved hearts were transplanted into recipient rats via heterotopic cervical heart transplantation for in vivo evaluation and perfused using the Langendorff system for ex vivo evaluation. The survival rate of transplanted hearts was 100% at postoperative day 7 in the CO + O2 (PCO:PO2 = 1.5:2.0 atm) group but only 33% in the CO + O2 (PCO:PO2 = 2.0:1.5 atm) group. Langendorff system and histopathological analysis revealed that the left ventricular pressure of preserved hearts in the CO + O2 (PCO:PO2 = 1.5:2.0 atm) group was better than the CO + O2 (PCO:PO2 = 2.0:1.5 atm). We demonstrate that exposure of rat hearts to hyperbaric CO and O2 is superior to the immersion method and that partial pressure of hyperbaric CO and O2 is crucial to preservation.
Bacterial succession and functional diversity during vermicomposting of the white grape marc Vitis vinifera v. Albariño
Authors: Kolbe Allison R. , Aira Manuel , Gómez-Brandón María , Pérez-Losada Marcos , Domínguez Jorge 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWinemaking produces millions of tons of grape marc, a byproduct of grape pressing, each year. Grape marc is made up of the skins, stalks, and seeds remaining after pressing. Raw grape marc can be hazardous to the environment due to its low pH and high polyphenol content, but previous work has shown that grape marc can be stabilized via vermicomposting to produce organic fertilizer. Here, we utilize 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to characterize the bacterial community composition, diversity and metabolic function during vermicomposting of the white grape marc Vitis vinifera v. Albariño for 91 days. Large, significant changes in the bacterial community composition of grape marc vermicompost were observed by day 7 of vermicomposting and throughout the duration of the experiment until day 91. Similarly, taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity increased throughout the experiment and estimates of β-diversity differed significantly between time points. Functional diversity also changed during vermicomposting, including increases in cellulose metabolism, plant hormone synthesis, and antibiotic synthesis. Thus, vermicomposting of white grape marc resulted in a rich, stable bacterial community with functional properties that may aid plant growth. These results support the use of grape marc vermicompost for sustainable agricultural practices in the wine industry.