bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cell-based assays to quantify treatment effects of anticancer drugs identifies a new application for Bodipy-L-cystine to measure apoptosis
Authors: Kumar Nita , Afjei Rayhaneh , Massoud Tarik F. , Paulmurugan Ramasamy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCell-based assays that measure anticancer drug effects are essential for evaluating chemotherapeutic agents. Many assays targeting various cellular mechanisms are available, leading to inconsistent results when using different techniques. We critically compared six common assays, as well as a new assay using Bodipy.FL.L-cystine (BFC), to identify the most accurate and reproducible in measuring anticancer drug effects. We tested three common chemotherapies (methotrexate, paclitaxel, and etoposide) in two cell lines (Ln229 and MDA-MB231). Spectroscopic assays such as Cell Titer Blue, and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) yielded a strong drug dose response, especially for paclitaxel and etoposide (R2 = 0.9). MTT and Calcein-AM fluorescent dye-based assays were less consistent in that regard. Among three flow cytometry assays, Propidium Iodide (PI)-based DNA content analysis and a new BFC-based glutathione-redox (GSH) assay produced drug dose dependent results. Compared to PI, BFC showed a better correlation (R2 = 0.7–0.9) in depicting live and apoptotic cells. We found that the combination of Cell Titer Blue spectroscopy and BFC flow cytometry assays were most accurate in assessing anticancer drug effects by clear distinction between live and apoptotic cells, independent of drug mechanism of action. We present a new application of BFC as an agent for measuring cellular apoptosis.
Earth tectonics as seen by GOCE - Enhanced satellite gravity gradient imaging
Authors: Ebbing Jörg , Haas Peter , Ferraccioli Fausto , Pappa Folker , Szwillus Wolfgang , Bouman Johannes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCurvature components derived from satellite gravity gradients provide new global views of Earth’s structure. The satellite gravity gradients are based on the GOCE satellite mission and we illustrate by curvature images how the Earth is seen differently compared to seismic imaging. Tectonic domains with similar seismic characteristic can exhibit distinct differences in satellite gravity gradients maps, which points to differences in the lithospheric build-up. This is particularly apparent for the cratonic regions of the Earth. The comparisons demonstrate that the combination of seismological, and satellite gravity gradient imaging has significant potential to enhance our knowledge of Earth’s structure. In remote frontiers like the Antarctic continent, where even basic knowledge of lithospheric scale features remains incomplete, the curvature images help unveil the heterogeneity in lithospheric structure, e.g. between the composite East Antarctic Craton and the West Antarctic Rift System.
Increasing muscle co-contraction speeds up internal model acquisition during dynamic motor learning
Authors: Heald James B. , Franklin David W. , Wolpert Daniel M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring reaching movements in the presence of novel dynamics, participants initially co-contract their muscles to reduce kinematic errors and improve task performance. As learning proceeds, muscle co-contraction decreases as an accurate internal model develops. The initial co-contraction could affect the learning of the internal model in several ways. By ensuring the limb remains close to the target state, co-contraction could speed up learning. Conversely, by reducing kinematic errors, a key training signal, it could slow down learning. Alternatively, given that the effects of muscle co-contraction on kinematic errors are predictable and could be discounted when assessing the internal model error, it could have no effect on learning. Using a sequence of force pulses, we pretrained two groups to either co-contract (stiff group) or relax (relaxed group) their arm muscles in the presence of dynamic perturbations. A third group (control group) was not pretrained. All groups performed reaching movements in a velocity-dependent curl field. We measured adaptation using channel trials and found greater adaptation in the stiff group during early learning. We also found a positive correlation between muscle co-contraction, as measured by surface electromyography, and adaptation. These results show that muscle co-contraction accelerates the rate of dynamic motor learning.
Vitamin D5 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Silvestro Daniele , Villette Claire , Delecolle Julien , Olsen Carl Erik , Motawia Mohammed Saddik , Geoffroy Philippe , Miesch Michel , Jensen Poul Erik , Heintz Dimitri , Schaller Hubert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVitamin D3 is a secosterol hormone critical for bone growth and calcium homeostasis, produced in vertebrate skin by photolytic conversion of the cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate provitamin D3. Insufficient levels of vitamin D3 especially in the case of low solar UV-B irradiation is often compensated by an intake of a dietary source of vitamin D3 of animal origin. Small amounts of vitamin D3 were described in a few plant species and considered as a peculiar feature of their phytochemical diversity. In this report we show the presence of vitamin D5 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This plant secosterol is a UV-B mediated derivative of provitamin D5, the precursor of sitosterol. The present work will allow a further survey of vitamin D distribution in plant species.
APOL1 risk allele RNA contributes to renal toxicity by activating protein kinase R
Authors: Okamoto Koji , Rausch Jason W. , Wakashin Hidefumi , Fu Yulong , Chung Joon-Yong , Dummer Patrick D. , Shin Myung K. , Chandra Preeti , Suzuki Kosuke , Shrivastav Shashi , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ray Patricio E. , Noiri Eisei , Le Grice Stuart F. J. , Hoek Maarten , Han Zhe , Winkler Cheryl A. , Kopp Jeffrey B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAPOL1 risk alleles associate with chronic kidney disease in African Americans, but the mechanisms remain to be fully understood. We show that APOL1 risk alleles activate protein kinase R (PKR) in cultured cells and transgenic mice. This effect is preserved when a premature stop codon is introduced to APOL1 risk alleles, suggesting that APOL1 RNA but not protein is required for the effect. Podocyte expression of APOL1 risk allele RNA, but not protein, in transgenic mice induces glomerular injury and proteinuria. Structural analysis of the APOL1 RNA shows that the risk variants possess secondary structure serving as a scaffold for tandem PKR binding and activation. These findings provide a mechanism by which APOL1 variants damage podocytes and suggest novel therapeutic strategies.
Rotating lamellipodium waves in polarizing cells
Authors: Reeves Cody , Winkler Benjamin , Ziebert Falko , Aranson Igor S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCellular protrusion- and lamellipodium waves are widespread for both non-motile and moving cells and observed for many cell types. They are involved in the cell’s exploration of the substrate, its internal organization, as well as for the establishment of self-polarization prior to the onset of motion. Here we apply the recently developed phase field approach to model shape waves and their competition on the level of a whole cell, including all main physical effects (acto-myosin, cell membrane, adhesion formation and substrate deformation via traction) but ignoring specific biochemistry and regulation. We derive an analytic description of the emergence of a single wave deformation, which is of Burgers/Fisher-Kolmogorov type. Finally, we develop an amplitude equation approach to study multiple competing rotational waves and show how they allow the cell to transition from a non-moving state towards a polarized, steady moving state.
Transcriptomic profiling for prolonged drought in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Wan Xiao , Zou Long-Hai , Zheng Bao-Qiang , Tian Ying-Qiu , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOrchid epiphytes, a group containing at least 18,000 species, thrive in habitats that often undergo periodic drought stress. However, few global gene expression profiling datasets have been published for studies addressing the drought-resistant mechanism of this special population. In this study, an experiment involving the effect of continuous drought treatments on an epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium catenatum, was designed to generate 39 mature-leaf-tissue RNA-seq sequencing datasets with over two billion reads. These datasets were validated by a series of quality assessments including RNA sample quality, RNA-seq read quality, and global gene expression profiling. We believe that these comprehensive transcriptomic resources will allow a better understanding of the drought-resistant mechanisms of orchid epiphytes.
A PTAS for single-machine scheduling with release dates and job delivery to minimize makespan
Authors: Lu Lingfa , Zhang Liqi 
Published: October 2018

We consider the single-machine scheduling problem with release dates and job delivery to minimize makespan. Preemption is not allowed in the processing of the jobs. All jobs are first processed on a single machine and then delivered by a capacitated vehicle to a single customer. The vehicle can deliver at most c ≥ 1 jobs in each shipment. The round-trip transportation time between the machine and customer is a constant T > 0. The problem was proved to be strongly NP-hard and a 3/2-approximation algorithm was presented in the literature. In this paper we provide a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the problem.
Hormontherapie in der Peri- und Postmenopause
Authors: Meyer Sophie , Seifert-Klauss Vanadin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe recently published 18-year-follow-up of the WHI-study might resolve the long-standing dispute about hormone therapy, possibly reconciling the opposing parties attributing life-threatening risks to either the administration or the withholding of hormone therapy. 16 608 women without hysterectomy had taken either combined hormone therapy with estrogen and progestin or placebo for an average of 5.2 years, while 10 739 women after hysterectomy (and bilateral ovarectomy in 40 %) had taken either estrogen therapy alone or placebo for an average of 7 years. 7489 deaths were recorded until 2014. Over both studies, mortality was 27.1 % after hormone therapy and 27.6 % after placebo. New findings on perimenopause can help towards phase-adapted and complaint-targeted hormone therapy in the future.
Troubleshooting bei Patienten mit Herzschrittmacher und ICD
Authors: Meyer zu Vilsendorf Dorothee , Hansky Bert , Baumann Philipp , Stellbrink Christoph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBecause of the growing number of implanted cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators and the ever-increasing complexity of these devices a fundamental knowledge of device malfunctions is of utmost importance even for the non-cardiology physician. Apart from hardware problems such as device infection, lead fracture or dislocation, basic knowledge of the pacemaker sensing and pacing algorithms is also necessary in order to judge the stimulation behavior in different clinical settings. With this respect, there are specific problems for antibradycardia and resynchronizing pacemakers as well as implantable defibrillators. This article gives an overview of the most common problems with cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators as well as the differential diagnostic and therapeutic management for the physician without specific training in arrhythmology.
Neue innovative Schrittmachersysteme – Kabellose und subkutane Implantate
Authors: Napp Andreas , Reith Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConventional transvenous pacemaker and ICD-therapy is associated with significant lead- and pocket-related problems. Leadless pacemaker and subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) therapies are innovative technologies, that avoid these complications. To date two leadless pacemaker systems have been implanted percutaneously for isolated right ventricular pacing, the Nanostim™ and the Micra™ device. The S-ICD represents an alternative to the transvenous ICD for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. New multicomponent leadless pacemakers, as well as the combination of leadless pacemaker and S-ICD, are promising therapeutic options in the future. This review describes the state of the art of leadless pacing and S-ICD-therapy.
Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Analysis, Obstetric Performance and Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Ferreira Cátia Sofia , Melo Ângela , Fachada Ana Helena , Solheiro Helena , Nogueira Martins Nuno 
Published: October 2018

Objective To analyze if umbilical artery pH (pHua) ≤7.00 and umbilical artery blood deficit (BDua) ≥12.00 mmol/L are good predictors of adverse neonatal outcomes.
Methods This was an observational, longitudinal and retrospective cohort study, conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu between September 2013 and September 2015. Total cohort and subgroup analysis were performed: group A—women with umbilical cord blood gas analysis (UCBGA) performed for non-reassuring fetal cardiotocographic patterns, placental abruption, or shoulder dystocia; and group B—all the others. Assays were made with the software SPSS for Windows, Versions 20.0 and 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results A total of 428 UCBGAs met the inclusion criteria. The group analysis revealed an association between group A and pHua ≤7.00, as well as between BDua ≥12.00 mmol/L and 1st minute Apgar score ≤4 (p = 0.011). After the application of the logistic regression models in the total cohort analysis, pHua ≤7.00 had an impact in the occurrence of acute neonatal hypoxia (odds ratio [OR]: 6.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–37.06; p = 0.029); multiparous women had a higher risk of delivering a newborn with first minute Apgar score ≤4 and acute neonatal hypoxia (OR: 5.38; 95% CI: 1.35–21.43; p = 0.017; and OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.03–6.89, p = 0.043, respectively); women who had urologic problems during pregnancy had a higher risk of delivering a newborn with 5th minute Apgar score ≤7 (OR: 15.17; 95% CI: 1.29–177.99; p = 0.030); and shoulder dystocia represented a 15 times higher risk of acute neonatal hypoxia (OR: 14.82; 95% CI: 2.20–99.60; p = 0.006).
Conclusion The pHua and the BDua are predictors of adverse neonatal outcome, and UCBGA is a useful tool for screening newborns at risk. Universal UCBGA should be considered for all deliveries, as it is an accurate screening test for neonatal hypoxia.
Torsion Does Not Affect Early Vein Graft Patency in the Rat Femoral Artery Model
Authors: Harb Amro , Levi Maxwell , Kozato Akio , Akelina Yelena , Strauch Robert 
Published: October 2018

Background Torsion of vein grafts is a commonly cited reason for graft failure in clinical setting. Many microsurgery training courses have incorporated vein graft procedures in their curricula, and vein graft torsion is a common technical error made by the surgeons in these courses. To improve our understanding of the clinical reproducibility of practicing vein graft procedures in microsurgery training courses, this study aims to determine if torsion can lead to early vein graft failure in nonsurvival surgery rat models.
Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five cohorts with five rats per cohort for a total of 25 rats. Cohorts were labeled based on degree of vein graft torsion (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees). Torsion was created in the vein grafts at the distal arterial end by mismatching sutures placed between the proximal end of the vein graft and the distal arterial end. Vein graft patency was then verified 2 and 24 hours postoperation.
Results All vein grafts were patent 2 and 24 hours postoperation. At 2 hours, the average blood flow rate measurements for 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees of torsion were 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.38 ± 0.04, 0.34 ± 0.01, 0.33 ± 0.01, and 0.29 ± 0.02 mL/min, respectively. At 24 hours, they were 0.94 ± 0.07, 1.03 ± 0.15, 1.26 ± 0.22, 1.41 ± 0.11, and 0.89 ± 0.15 mL/min, respectively.
Conclusion Torsion of up to 180 degrees does not affect early vein graft patency in rat models. To improve the clinical reproducibility of practicing vein graft procedures in rat models, we suggest that microsurgery instructors assess vein graft torsion prior to clamp release, as vessel torsion does not seem to affect graft patency once the clamps are removed.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and major depressive disorder
Authors: Connemann B. J. , Dahme T. , Tesfay T. , Gahr M. , Elsayed M. 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Das Tako-Tsubo-Syndrom (TTS) ähnelt klinisch einem akuten Myokardinfarkt und ist häufig mit emotionalem oder physischem Stress assoziiert. Patienten mit TTS stellen sich daher häufig zuerst in einer psychiatrischen Klinik vor; dies kann die adäquate Diagnostik und Therapie verzögern, insbesondere wenn der Psychiater nicht mit TTS vertraut ist. Material und Methoden: Ein klinischer Fall eines TTS wird vorgestellt und diskutiert und das Krankheitsbild des TTS vorgestellt. Ergebnisse: Eine 43-jährige Patientin stellte sich notfallmäßig in unserer psychiatrischen Ambulanz vor. Unmittelbar vor der Vorstellung war es am Arbeitsplatz zu erheblicher Schikane der Patientin gekommen (Mobbing). Zum Vorstellungszeitpunkt beklagte die Patientin akute linksthorakale Schmerzen sowie seit einigen Wochen bestehend gedrückte Stimmung, verminderten Antrieb, Anhedonie, generalisierte Ängste und Schlafprobleme. Das Elektrokardiogramm (EKG) war unauffällig, das Serumtroponin jedoch deutlich erhöht. Die Patientin wurde daraufhin in die Abteilung für Kardiologie verlegt. Herzkatheter und Kardio-MRT zeigten eine apikale Ballonbildung (apical ballooning) und linksventrikuläre Dysfunktion, passend zu TTS. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz: Bei Patienten mit akuter Psychopathologie und kardialen und/oder thorakalen Symptomen sollten ein EKG und eine Bestimmung des Serumtroponins durchgeführt werden.
Endoprothetik des Schultergelenkes bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis und anderen entzündlich rheumatischen Gelenkkrankheiten
Authors: Niemeier A. , Rüther W. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungAuch schwere rheumatische Veränderungen des Glenohumeralgelenkes und seiner periartikulären Weichgewebe lassen sich erfolgreich durch die Schulterendoprothetik behandeln. Das Spektrum der chirurgischen Optionen ist breit. Die Endoprothetik bietet verschiedene Prothesentypen mit jeweils spezifischen Vor- und Nachteilen. Die rheumatische Arthritis (RA) und andere entzündlichrheumatische Krankheiten weisen gravierende Unterschiede zu den Arthrosen auf, das betrifft die Indikationsstellung, die Operationsvorbereitung, die Durchführung der Operation und die Nachbehandlung. Die Indikationsstellung und die Operation sollten in der Hand eines erfahrenen Rheumachirurgen liegen, der die Spezifika der entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen in Abgrenzung zur Arthrose dezidiert erfahren hat und in Kenntnis des gesamten Spektrums der Differenzialindikationen und Prothesenmodelle eine individuelle Entscheidung für und mit dem Patienten trifft.
Text Messaging Promoting Physician-Led Brief Intervention Tobacco Cessation: A Before-And-After Study among Physicians in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria
Authors: Odukoya Oluwakemi , Faseru Babalola , Uguru Nkolika , Jamda Mustapha , Onigbogi Olanrewaju , James Oluwafunmilola , Leischow Scott , Ayo-Yusuf Olalekan 
Published: October 2018

Background: Physician-led smoking cessation services are suboptimal in Nigeria. Objectives: This study evaluated a text messaging intervention designed to increase the knowledge and practices of physicians in Nigeria to help smokers quit. Methods: Using a pre-post study design, all physicians ( N = 946) in 3 tertiary care hospitals located in 3 geopolitical zones in Nigeria were sent 2–3 text messages weekly over a 13-week period to create awareness and improve cessation practices using the “Ask, Advise and Refer” (AAR) model. The primary outcomes were the awareness of AAR and the proportion of physicians who offered each of the components of the brief intervention (AAR) to at least half of eligible patients. Secondary outcomes included the attitudes and self-reported effects of the messages on motivation to offer AAR to patients who smoke. Results: Of the 946 eligible respondents, only 165 responded to both the before and after intervention surveys (17.4% participation rate). Participants were more likely to indicate awareness of the AAR approach after the intervention (60%) than before (21.2%). Overall, physicians’ practice of each component of the AAR changed significantly after the intervention ( P < .001; McNemar test). Of the participants, 71.5% reported reading the messages most/all of the time and 84.8% reported that the frequency of the messages was just adequate. Conclusions: A brief and low-cost text messaging intervention to physicians increased the awareness and practice of AAR in those who participated in the study. However, the relatively low participation rate highlights the importance of new research to improve and expand text messaging as an intervention among physicians to help them foster tobacco treatment among their patients.
Good Laboratory Practice in the Academic Setting: Fundamental Principles for Nonclinical Safety Assessment and GLP-Compliant Pathology Support When Developing Innovative Biomedical Products
Authors: Bolon Brad , Baze Wallace , Shilling Christopher J , Keatley Kendy L , Patrick Daniel J , Schafer Kenneth A 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDevelopment of new biomedical products necessitates nonclinical safety assessment in animals as a means of assessing potential risk to human patients. Pivotal nonclinical safety studies that support human clinical trials are performed according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) guidelines, which are designed to ensure that the study was conducted under carefully controlled conditions using standardized and validated procedures that will yield a reliable, reproducible, and traceable data set. The GLP guidelines established by different regulatory agencies address organizational structure, personnel responsibilities, personnel training practices, quality assurance (ensuring compliance), facilities, equipment, standard operating procedures, study documentation (record keeping), and record and sample retention. Academic institutions engaging in nonclinical safety assessment on-site have multiple options for implementing a GLP quality system. This article outlines the rationale supporting the use of a GLP-compliant or GLP-like quality system in academia and reviews key concepts needed to efficiently and effectively implement GLP in the academic setting. Emphasis is given to provision of GLP-compliant pathology support as (1) pathology data are an essential component of GLP nonclinical safety testing, (2) familiarity with pathology-related GLP procedures typically is gained first outside the academic setting, and (3) microscopic pathology diagnoses and interpretations require special accommodations to ensure that they are undertaken in a GLP-compliant fashion.