bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalized Symptom Goals and Patient Global Impression on Clinical Changes in Advanced Cancer Patients
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , Adile Claudio , Lanzetta Gaetano , Mystakidou Kyriaki , Maltoni Marco , Guilherme Soares Luiz , De Santis Stefano , Ferrera Patrizia , Valenti Marco , Rosati Marta , Rossi Romina , Cortegiani Andrea , Masedu Francesco , Marinangeli Franco , Aielli Federica 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to assess the patients’ global impression (PGI) after symptom management, as well as the achievement of personalized symptom goals (PSG). The secondary outcome was to assess related factors.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
Advanced cancer patients admitted to palliative care units rated symptom intensity by using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Score (ESAS) at admission and then after 1 week. For each symptom, patient-reported PGI and PSG, as well as the rate of PSG response, were evaluated.

Results
Eight hundred seventy-six patients were taken into consideration for this study. A mean of 1.71–2.16 points was necessary to perceive a bit better improvement of symptom intensity. Most patients had a PSG of ≤3. A statistically significant number of patients achieved their PSG after starting palliative care. Patients with high intensity of ESAS items at admission achieved a more favorable PGI response. In the multivariate analysis, symptom intensity and PSG were the most frequent factors independently associated to a best PGI, whereas high levels of Karnofsky had a lower odd ratio.

Conclusion
PSG and PGI seem to be relevant for patients’ assessment and decision-making process, translating in terms of therapeutic intervention. Some factors may be implicated in determining the individual target and clinical response.

Implications for Practice
Personalized symptom goals and global impression of change are relevant for patients’ assessment and decision-making process, translating in terms of therapeutic intervention. Some factors may be implicated in determining the individual target and clinical response.
Dağ kekiği (Origanum syriacum L. var. bevanii (Holmes) Ietswaart)’nin mikroçoğaltımı
Authors: TÜRKER A. Haluk , HATİPOĞLU Rüştü 
Published: May 2018

Bu araştırmada, Origanum syriacum L. var. bevanii türünün doku kültürü (in vitro) yöntemiyle mikroçoğaltımı için rejenerasyon protokolünün belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, donör bitkilerden alınan çeşitli eksplantlar (yaprak diski, sap boğumu, tepe ve yan tomurcuk), 2,4-Diklorofenoksi Asetik Asit (2,4-D) veya Naftalen Asetik Asit (NAA) (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 ve 1,0 mg/l ) ve 6-Benzil Amino Pürin (BAP) veya Furfuryladenine (Kinetin) (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 ve 2,0 mg/l) bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerinin tek başına ve farklı konsantrasyonda kombinasyonları ilave edilen Murashige ve Skoog (MS) temel besi ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Kültürler, 4-6 haftalık kültür süresi sonunda indüksiyon ortamıyla aynı içeriğe sahip alt kültür ortamlarına aktarılmış ve daha sonra da 2,4-D veya NAA (0; 0,1 ve 0,25 mg/l) ve BAP veya Kinetin (0,25; 0,5 ve 1,0 mg/l) ile kombine edilen farklı konsantrasyondaki rejenerasyon ortamlarına aktarılmıştır. Sürgünlerin köklendirilmesi amacıyla büyüme düzenleyici içermeyen ½MS ortamı kullanılmıştır.Araştırma sonucunda, çoğul sürgün oluşumu ve fide üretimi için tepe ve yan tomurcuk eksplantlarının en uygun eksplant olduğu ve tek başına 1,5 mg/l BAP ilave edilen MS ortamının en uygun ortam olduğu belirlenmiştir. BAP ortamında gelişen sürgünlerin köklendirilmesinde ½MS ortamı başarılı olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, 1,0 mg/l NAA ilave edilen indüksiyon ortamında köklü tek sürgünler elde edilmiştir. En yüksek sürgün rejenerasyon oranı (eksplant başına ortalama 36,0 adet sürgün) ve köklenme oranı (% 81,2); 1,5 mg/l BAP ilave edilen ortamda kültüre alınan yan tomurcuk eksplantlarından elde edilmiştir.
Efek Penambahan Suspensi Nanokitosan pada Edible Coating terhadap Aktivitas Antibakteri
Authors: Rochima Emma , Fiyanih Elisah , Afrianto Eddy , Joni I Made , Subhan Ujang , Panatarani Camellia 
Published: May 2018

<em>Edible coating</em> atau<em> edible film</em> didefinisikan sebagai lapisan tipis yang dapat dikonsumsi dan berfungsi melindungi makanan dari kerusakan akibat kelembaban, oksigen, dan perpindahan zat terlarut. Komponen penyusun edible coating dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga jenis yaitu hidrokoloid, lipid dan komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan edible coating berbasis karaginan-pati termodifikasi dengan penambahan suspensi nanokitosan hasil proses <em>beads-milling</em> sebagai bahan antibakteri dan aplikasinya pada buah strowberi. Suspensi <em>edible</em> dibuat dengan mengkombinasikan karaginan jenis kappa dengan pati termodifikasi dan penambahan larutan nanokitosan sebesar 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, dan 2% (v/v). Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode zona hambat dan efek dari penggunaan <em>edible coating</em> ditentukan melalui susut bobot buah <em>strawberry.</em> Karakteristik edible coating yaitu ketebalan dan tingkat transparansi diukur dengan cara mencetak<em> edible</em> pada plat plastik sehingga membentuk film. Penambahan suspensi nanokitosan 1% v/v pada larutan edible cukup efektif menghambat pertumbuhan<em> Escherichia coli</em> dan <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>,hal ini terbukti setelah satu minggu, susut bobot buah strowberi yang dipapar dengan <em>E.coli</em> 6,13% lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan S.aureus sebesar 6,26%. Suspensi edible memiliki<br />ketebalan 0,065 mm dengan tingkat transparansi sebesar 82,56. sesuai standar Chroma Meter.
Ultimate Load Capacity of Optimal Designed Angelina™ Beams
Authors: Erdal Ferhat , Tunca Osman , Tas Serkan , Carbas Serdar 
Published: May 2018

This study briefly summarizes the results of experimental tests performed on optimal designed Angelina™ steel beams. The objective of the investigation was to study the effect of hole geometry on the mode of failure and ultimate strength of such beams under loading conditions. For this purpose, six optimal designed Angelina™ beams are tested in a self-reacting frame to determine the ultimate load carrying capacities of these new generation web-expanded beams. The specimens were all fabricated from IPN beams and were expanded to almost 1.5 times the original depth. All specimens were fabricated from ASTM A-36 steel. The design methods for the specimens will be the harmony search algorithm and particle swarm method which are stochastic search techniques. The minimum weight is taken as the design objective while the design constraints are implemented from the SCI (Steel Construction Institute). Design constraints include the displacement limitations, overall beam flexural capacity, beam shear capacity, overall beam buckling strength, web post flexure and buckling, vierendeel bending of upper and lower tees and local buckling of compression flange. The design methods adopted in this publication are consistent with BS5950.
MORTALIDADE DO CAMARÃO BRANCO DO PACÍFICO SUBMETIDO AO ESTRESSE HIPOTÉRMICO E HIPOSSALINO
Authors: PONTINHA Vitor de Almeida , VIEIRA Felipe do Nascimento , HAYASHI Leila 
Published: May 2018

Alterações abruptas nos parí­¢metros da qualidade da água têm forte influência no crescimento, sobrevivência e resistência í­Â s doenças dos camarões marinhos cultivados. Entretanto, ao contrário da determinação dos ní­­veis tóxicos de substí­¢ncias que afetam 50% da população, protocolos padrão para testes de estressores não tóxicos são muitas vezes negligenciados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a temperatura (TL50) e salinidade (SL50) letal para 50% da população. Camarões juvenis pesando entre 10 e 12 g e pós-larvas de 17 dias cultivados í­Â temperatura de 28 Â°C e salinidade de 32ââ‚¬° foram submetidos ao estresse hipotérmico por uma hora nas temperaturas de 7Â°C, 10Â°C, 11,5Â°C, 13Â°C e 16Â°C (juvenis), ou 72 horas nas temperaturas de 11Â°C, 12Â°C, 13Â°C e 14Â°C (pós-larvas). Além do estresse hipotérmico, juvenis foram submetidos por 24 horas ao estresse hipossalino em águas contendo salinidade de 0ââ‚¬°, 3ââ‚¬°, 6ââ‚¬° e 9ââ‚¬°, e pós-larvas por 72 horas em água contendo salinidade de 0ââ‚¬°, 1,5ââ‚¬°, 3ââ‚¬°, 4,5ââ‚¬° e 6ââ‚¬°. As taxas de mortalidade foram determinadas após estes perí­­odos. A TL50 calculada foi de 11,7Â°C para os juvenis e 12,9Â°C para as pós-larvas, e a SL50 calculada foi de 2,4ââ‚¬° e 1,8ââ‚¬° para juvenis e pós-larvas, respectivamente.
The Effect of Age on English Professors’ Integration of the New Technologies in Teaching
Authors: Laabidi Hicham 
Published: May 2018

The integration of computer technologies in teaching has become a vital technique to prepare students to face the challenges of the 21st century. Indeed, today’s education systems have moved from a focus on information transformation through books, blackboards and chalks to a concentration on information processing via technological instruments, mainly computers, smart phones and tablets. Therefore, teachers are required to adopt these new technologies in their teaching practices. However, it is observed that there are several factors affecting teachers’ actual implementation of computer technology in different educational institutions. This paper aims to examine the impact of the age factor on English professors’ use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Moroccan higher institutions. Descriptive analysis of means, and standard deviations were used to analyse the collected data. Also, inferential statistics, especially the ANOVA test, were employed to determine the impact of age on ICT adoptions. The findings revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the means of professors’ age when integrating ICT in instruction, F(3,159)=20.455,p<0.05.
Thinking Maps to Promote Critical Thinking through the Teaching of Literature in the ESL Context
Authors: Omar Ainon , Safinas Mohd. Ariff Albakri Intan 
Published: May 2018

The Malaysian education system has emphasized on the importance of producing students as thinking individuals in order to survive in the global era today. The i-Think program which was introduced in schools consists of eight cognitive teaching tools known as thinking maps that teachers can use to mediate students’ thinking, learning, and promote metacognitive behaviours in their lessons. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to determine whether the teachers’ implementation of the Thinking maps promoted critical thinking during the teaching of Literature in the ESL classroom. This case-study was conducted in a secondary school which was one of the pioneer schools selected by the Ministry of Education to implement the thinking maps in the teaching and learning of English language. Data were collected through observations, interviews and field notes. The findings revealed that the teachers were able to engage students to think critically through the use of the thinking maps during their literature lessons. The teachers also employed the Reader-Response strategies to complement the thinking maps in promoting critical thinking in the teaching of literature.
A Política de Comércio Exterior dos Governos Obama (2009–2017) à luz do enfoque strangeano: implicações para o regime internacional de comércio
Authors: Lameiras Leonardo Diniz 
Published: May 2018

O trabalho analisa a política de comércio exterior que foi concebida ao longo dos dois governos de Barack Obama (2009–2017), com o objetivo de revelar suas potenciais implicações para o regime internacional de comércio. Para tanto, faz-se uso do enfoque analítico-metodológicoque Susan Strange desenvolve na obra States and Markets, a fim de melhor elucidar os objetivos estratégicos, para além da liberalização comercial, que estão associados à escolha dos mega-acordos regionais como os principais instrumentos da política de comércio exterior do governo democrata. O conceito da autora de poder estrutural é resgatado para entender como a política de comércio exterior serviu ao propósito de fortalecer a posição do país no sistema internacional em quatro domínios específicos: produção, finanças, segurança e conhecimento. De acordo com a hipótese central deste estudo, por intermédio dessa política, os Estados Unidos acentuariam a dinâmica em curso de modificações no arcabouço normativo que rege o sistema multilateral de comércio, submetendo o atual regime internacional quedisciplina as trocas comerciais entre os países a significativas transformações.
Pharmaceutical Strategies for Stabilizing Drug Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Hyerim , Kim Hyeongmin , Jung Sumin , Seo Hyeyeon , Nida Shofa Khoirun , Yoo Seung-Yup , Lee Jaehwi 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Nanocrystallization technologies have been widely studied in recent years, as the formulation
of drug nanocrystals solves problems of poor drug solubility and bioavailability. However, drug nanocrystals
in the size range of 1–1000 nm usually need to be accompanied by stabilizers, such as polymers or surfactants,
to enhance their stability. Despite their simplicity, improved dissolution rate, and enhanced bioavailability,
the limited stability of nanocrystal formulations has prevented further development.

Objective:
The most effective way to handle this instability is to use stabilizers. This paper reviews various factors
to consider for the production of stable drug nanocrystals and provides suggestions to overcome the problems
associated with instability, such as aggregation and Ostwald ripening. Through various examples of stabilizers
acting via electrostatic and steric stabilization, this review highlights the scope of enhancing the stability of drug
nanocrystals.

Conclusion:
Studies on stabilizers used in the production of drug nanocrystals are ongoing; various factors, such
as the effect of zeta potential on the stability of drug nanosuspensions, have already been revealed. However, it is
necessary to determine the most appropriate stabilizer experimentally based on the various mechanisms and factors
have been reviewed since the possible interactions between each drug and stabilizer are diverse.
Nanocrystal Technology as a Strategy to Improve Drug Bioavailability and Antitumor Efficacy for the Cancer Treatment
Authors: Fan Mingxue , Geng Sicong , Liu Yang , Wang Jing , Wang Yiting , Zhong Jian , Yan Zhiqiang , Yu Lei 
Published: May 2018

Background and Objective: Nanocrystal technology is an effective approach which can increase the
dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs by raising their saturation solubility, thus improving the drug
bioavailability. With the development of nanocrystals, its preparation approaches have gradually matured, which
can be generally divided into Bottom-up, Top-down and Combinative technologies.

Methods:
A systematic literature review in the field of nanocrystal technology for the cancer treatment was
scanned and collected data was detailedly analyzed and summarized.

Results:
Over the past decade, several anticancer drug nanocrystals have been explored and evaluated in preclinical
studies and clinical trials. This review mainly covers the utilizations of the nanocrystal technology in enhancing
the saturation solubility of anticancer drugs associated with the increased bioavailability and anticancer efficacy.
Preparation methods and characterizations of nanocrystals are also introduced in brief. In addition, one
critical step in the formation of drug nanocrystals is selecting suitable stabilizers for the system. Many types of
research are heading towards the role of the stabilizers in the final nanocrystals formulation. So we summed up
several commonly used stabilizers in order to give a reference to the further study. At last, we discussed some
considerations raised by the application of nanocrystal drugs for cancer treatment.

Conclusion:
This review is likely to enable a detailed insight on nanocrystal technology as a strategy to improve
drug bioavailability and antitumor efficacy for the cancer treatment and be of particular interest to pharmaceutical
industry.
Soft Biomaterial-based Nanocrystal in Pharmaceutical
Authors: Chen Nandi , Su Taojunfeng , Cheng Zhe , An Feifei 
Published: May 2018

Background and Objective: Bio-soft material, a class of derivatives of the natural or synthetic material,
is getting more and more prevalent in biomedical researches and applications due to the advantages such as
in-vivo biodegradation, good water solubility and designable targeting ability. With the presence of bio-soft materials,
the drug nanocrystal can be easily generated and aggregated in a feasible process. Given the promising
application of the bio-soft material in biological and chemical research, it is valuable to discuss the crucial step in
designing bio-soft materials and analyze the emerging properties of bio-soft materials.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature survey in the field of bio-soft material development and analysis has been
conducted. The collected data and figures were meticulously analyzed and interpreted.

Results:
In this review, the details of bio-soft materials based nanocrystal were demonstrated in three sections
with respect to different materials. In each section, the pros and cons for each bio-soft material and its derivatives
were elaborately listed and discussed.

Conclusion:
The review enables an insightful discussion about the properties and the applications of existing biosoft
material. It may contribute to the further researches about bio-soft material development and analysis.
Improvement of Influenza Incidence Estimation Using Auxiliary Information in Sentinel Surveillance in Japan
Authors: Kawado Miyuki , Hashimoto Shuji , Ohta Akiko , Oba Mari S. , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Sunagawa Tomimasa , Matsui Tamano , Nagai Masaki , Murakami Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
Sentinel surveillance in Japan is used to estimate national influenza incidence under the assumption that Sentinel Medical Institutions (SMIs) are randomly selected. The current method might lead to overestimation when SMIs are recruited on a voluntary basis.

Aims & Objectives:
We aimed to improve influenza incidence estimation using auxiliary information without this assumption.

Materials and Method:
We used reports of influenza from SMIs in 2015, together with the number of all disease outpatients in September 2014 at all medical institutions from the Survey of Medical Institutions of Japan, as auxiliary information. The influenza incidence was estimated by the method using auxiliary information and the current method (without auxiliary information).

Result and Conclusion:
Influenza incidence rate per 1,000 population in 2015 estimated by using auxiliary information and by the current method was 63.7 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 61.0-66.3) and 96.5 (95% CI, 93.0-100.0), respectively. The ratio of these estimates was 0.66. Our findings suggest that influenza incidence estimated by using the number of all disease outpatients as auxiliary information is more accurate than estimates by the current method.
Aplicación de los modelos de simulación en entornos productivos bajo la metodología de teorías de las restricciones
Authors: Uribe-Gómez Julián Alberto , Quintero-Ramírez Santiago 
Published: May 2018

La Teoría de restricciones permite identificar dificultades en los procesos productivos a través de lo que se ha denominado cuellos de botella, y bajo una perspectiva rigurosa y sistemática busca la solución óptima para lograr el objetivo empresarial, el cual es generar dinero. El objetivo primordial de este trabajo fue evidenciar cómo el proceso sistemático de la teoría de restricciones, puede ser replicado de manera simple bajo la perspectiva de la modelación y simulación de los comportamientos que circunscriben dicha teoría. La simulación, en este caso, se utiliza como una metodología para ejemplificar y demostrar el pensamiento contra intuitivo de esta teoría, que emerge debido a que las empresas aún consideran los inventarios y su acumulación, como parte fundamental para la generación de beneficios en las organizaciones. En términos generales, con el modelo de simulación se logró demostrar que, reduciendo los inventarios en proceso de una cadena productiva, el comportamiento de los gastos operativos disminuye, generando así un mayor flujo de dinero a través de la empresa.
PNAIC e a educação básica em Jataí-GO
Authors: Raimann Ari , Ferreira Ana Kátia Assis 
Published: May 2018

O objetivo geral desta investigação foi o analisar as mudanças ocorridas na alfabetização de alunos das escolas públicas do município de Jataí-Go, a partir da adesão e implantação do PNAIC, consequentemente da formação de professores. A pesquisa documental, de natureza qualitativa, tomou por base a perspectiva histórico-crítica. O Pacto é norteado por quatro eixos fundamentais: formação continuada de professores alfabetizadores; materiais didáticos, literatura e tecnologias educacionais; avaliação sistemática; e gestão, controle e mobilização social. Tal política pública visa adequar alfabetização e escolarização, promovendo a alfabetização dos estudantes até os oito anos de idade ao final do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental da Educação Básica. O estudo revela que o conjunto de formação, currículo e diretrizes de cada escola, além da formação oferecida pelo PNAIC, contribuíram para aumentar os níveis de leitura e escrita.
Políticas de ações afirmativas
Authors: Abreu Elisangela Nunes do Nascimento , Lima Paulo Gomes 
Published: May 2018

O objetivo desse artigo é contextualizarmos a formação das políticas de ações afirmativas, os elementos envolvidos em sua proposição, motivos, formas de seu delineamento, centralidade sobre os grupos a serem atingidos, desdobramentos e algumas resultantes de sua implementação em dálogo com a realidade brasileira. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, cujo tratamento deu-se por meio da abordagem qualitativa, sem no entanto, pretender apresentar qualquer estado do conhecimento sobre a temática. Concluimos que as ações afirmativas possuem limites inerentes a sua utilização, os quais não foram impedimentos para que diferentes países, assim como no Brasil, com histórico de dimensionável desigualdade racial e social as utilizassem, no entanto, até que se coloque sobre a agenda do dia discussões e encaminhamentos para a universalização, democratização e humanização da educação superior, assumem o papel de marco para a elaboração de políticas públicas mais consistentes quanto à oportunização à esse nível educacional.