bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Childhood Trauma and its Relationship with Psychological Resilience among Undergraduate Nursing Students in North India
Authors: Singha Neeta Austin , Gupta Navita , Goyal Sandeep Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The evaluation of Childhood trauma (CT) rates among nursing students is important as the repercussions of childhood trauma on nursing students might affect not only the individual students but also the patients that he or she may care for.

Aims and Objective:
1) To evaluate the prevalence of CT among nursing students 2) To determine the relationship between CT and psychological resilience among nursing students 3) To assess the contributing factors of CT among nursing students.

Methods:
The present descriptive cross-sectional study involved 1326 nursing students who had been selected using a non-probability method. Childhood trauma was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Resilience was weighed using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square tests, and independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the data.

Results:
Around two-thirds (65%) of the nursing students reported exposure to some type of childhood trauma. More than half (58.2%) students were exposed to more than one type of CT and 8.6% experienced all five forms of CT. Out of five types of traumas, majority of the students experienced emotional neglect. CT was shown to be inversely related to psychological resilience. CT subscales also exhibited a statistically significant negative link with psychological resilience.

Conclusion:
Childhood trauma is common among nursing students. For the development of trauma-informed interventions, the findings of this study have important ramifications for nursing educators.
Effect of Autoclave on Surface Topography of Various Rotary Files
Authors: Arasappan R. , Prabhakar N Sona , Mishra Vertika , Arafath K. P. Muhammed Y. , Singh Jaya , Yadav Antra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Rotary files are essential tools in endodontic procedures, designed to efficiently shape and clean the root canals. However, repeated sterilization, particularly via autoclaving, may affect their surface integrity, potentially compromising their performance and longevity. This study aims to evaluate the changes in surface topography of various rotary files after multiple autoclave cycles using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Materials and Methods:
In this study, three types of rotary files—NiTi, stainless steel, and gold-treated files—were selected for analysis. Each type comprised 20 samples, totaling 60 files. The files underwent 10 cycles of autoclave sterilization at 121°C for 15 minutes. SEM analysis was conducted before and after sterilization to assess changes in surface characteristics. Parameters such as surface roughness, presence of micro-cracks, and debris retention were meticulously evaluated.

Results:
Post-autoclave SEM analysis revealed significant alterations in surface topography across all file types. NiTi files showed an increase in surface roughness by 35%, with evident micro-cracks in 40% of samples. Stainless steel files exhibited a 25% increase in surface roughness, while 30% showed minor deformities. Gold-treated files displayed the least surface alteration, with a 15% increase in roughness and micro-cracks observed in only 10% of samples. Debris retention was notably higher in NiTi files post-sterilization.

Conclusion:
Autoclave sterilization significantly impacts the surface topography of rotary files, with NiTi files showing the most pronounced changes. Gold-treated files exhibited greater resistance to topographical alterations, suggesting superior durability under repeated autoclave conditions. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate file types based on sterilization frequency to ensure optimal endodontic performance and tool longevity.
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in Accelerating Periodontal Regeneration: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Dhopte Ashwini , Devi Konsam Bidya , Pandaw KS , Rani Anamika , Chand Sachin , Bagde Hiroj 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Regeneration of periodontal tissues is an essential component in treating periodontal disease, and there is an increasing focus on biological agents that might improve the healing process.

Materials and Methods:
The randomized controlled clinical study included a cohort of 60 individuals diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Each participant was randomly allocated to one of two groups: the experimental group (n = 30), which underwent PRF in combination with traditional open flap debridement (OFD), and the control group (n = 30), which received OFD alone. Clinical criteria such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bone fill percentage were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Furthermore, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate bone regrowth radiographically.

Results:
Following a period of 6 months, the experimental group had a notable decrease in postpartum depression (mean decrease of 4.2 mm) and an increase in central artery ligation (mean increase of 3.5 mm) compared to the control group, which had a mean decrease in postpartum depression of 2.8 mm and a mean increase in central artery ligation of 2.1 mm. The test group had a notably greater proportion of bone fill (45%) in comparison to the control group (30%). Further radiographic study verified enhanced bone regeneration in the areas treated with PRF.

Conclusion:
The use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in combination with traditional periodontal surgery greatly expedites the process of periodontal regeneration, as shown by notable enhancements in clinical indicators and bone regeneration.
Assessment of the Hardness of Various Orthodontic Wires
Authors: Verghese Yohan , Gaurav Kumar , Kour Guneet , Tomer Geetika , Sahoo Subhrajeet Narayan , Pattanaik Snigdha , Mohammed Azhar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The mechanical characteristics of orthodontic wires are crucial since they have a significant impact on the effectiveness of orthodontic therapy, and patients undergoing orthodontic treatment are becoming more and more picky about their aesthetic preferences.

Objectives:
The goal of the current investigation was to assess the hardness of various orthodontic wires.

Materials and Methods:
Three types of wires were employed in this study: nickel titanium (NiTi, USA), beta-titanium (TMA, USA), and stainless steel (SS, Germany). For the upper left canine in this investigation, we utilized an edgewise bracket with a slot size of 0.018″. Epoxy resin was used to implant the wires. The orientation of the brackets was horizontal. Next, a measurement was taken of the brackets’ external surfaces’ hardness. Using an optical microscope, the micrographs of the typical Vickers indentations were captured. The acquired data was assessed statistically.

Results:
The specimens belonging to the stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium groups had mean microhardness values of 523.24, 367.22, and 321.36, respectively. There were noteworthy outcomes when comparing the three research groups.

Conclusion:
Among the stainless steel group specimens, the highest microhardness was observed. However, more research is advised.
A Finite Element Analysis of Peri-implant Stresses Surrounding Zirconium and Titanium Dental Implants
Authors: Sabiha Kouser MS , Prathibha M , Altaher Mohammed Omar Basheer , Elhammali Nureldeen AN , Saib Jameel Ahmad , Chauhan Meghna , Shetty Kaushik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Stresses tend to vary depending on the kind of implant material (titanium or zirconium) because of differences in their mechanical and physical characteristics.

Objectives:
The current research was done to assess the peri-implant stresses around zirconium and titanium dental implants using finite element analysis.

Materials and Method:
Three distinct implant configurations were used to create three-dimensional finite element models (M1, M2, and M3) using ANSYS (11.0 Version) software, a P4 CPU running at 3 GHz, and hardware with three gigabytes of RAM. These configurations are typical for zirconium and titanium implants. Under 250 N of axial force and 50 N of nonaxial load, the stress surrounding the implants was examined.

Result:
When compared to titanium implants, zirconium implants displayed higher strains in cancellous bone and lower stresses in cortical bone. Overall, titanium implants caused larger stresses in the bone than zirconium implants.

Conclusion:
Compared to titanium implants, zirconium implants resulted in reduced peri-implant stresses.
Morphological Characterization of an Eco Friendly Medi Grade Bio-Polymer Composites Using SEM Analysis
Authors: Arul Queen A. , Arputham Arul J. , Mahalingam Padmapriya , Debnath Dipanjan , Kumaran N Kurunji 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Medical and Dental Implant Biomaterial Research is focused on the cutting-edge interface of polymer composite material. Ongoing research and development in the bio-material field are focused on novel matrix-filler formulations of polymer composite material with improved properties in near future.

Aim:
This study focuses on the morphologic characterization and structural analysis of three different volume fraction of novel natural filler basalt reinforced with PEEK polymer.

Materials and Methodology:
The composite samples are prepared with three different volume fraction of basalt fiber in PEEK matrix, such as PBC1 having 90% PEEK and 10% basalt, PBC 2 having 80% PEEK and 20% basalt, and PBC 3 having 70% PEEK and 30% basalt. The basalt fiber influence in the composite was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The crystalline structure and the grain size were examined by X-Ray diffraction method.

Result:
The SEM images reveal that PBC2 composite exhibits perfect bonding and less voids compared to pure PEEK, PBC1 and PBC3 composites.

Conclusion:
The study reports that 80% PEEK and 20% basalt fiber composite shows better structure and grain size compared to other samples with different proportions.
Comparing the Antibacterial Efficacy of Nanosilver vs Traditional Fluoride Varnishes in Caries Prevention
Authors: Kushwah Jagriti , Ron Akshata , Khullar Sanjana , Singh Sushma , Kuppusamy Kasthuripriya , Pachore Prateek J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental caries remains a prevalent chronic condition affecting individuals worldwide, particularly children. Traditional fluoride varnishes have long been employed in caries prevention due to their ability to enhance enamel remineralization and reduce demineralization.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 120 participants aged 6–12 years with a high risk of dental caries. The participants were divided into two groups: one receiving nanosilver varnish and the other receiving traditional fluoride varnish. Each varnish was applied bi-weekly for six months. Salivary samples were collected at baseline, three months, and six months to measure bacterial counts, focusing on Streptococcus mutans. The data were analyzed using ANOVA to assess differences between the groups over time.

Results:
At baseline, both groups exhibited similar levels of Streptococcus mutans (P > 0.05). After three months, the nanosilver group showed a significant reduction in bacterial counts (mean reduction of 45%, P < 0.01), compared to a 30% reduction in the fluoride varnish group (P < 0.05). At six months, the nanosilver group maintained a 55% reduction, whereas the fluoride group showed a 40% reduction. The difference between the groups at six months was statistically significant (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Nanosilver varnish demonstrated superior antibacterial efficacy compared to traditional fluoride varnish in reducing Streptococcus mutans levels over six months. These findings suggest that nanosilver could serve as a valuable alternative or adjunct to fluoride varnish in caries prevention strategies.
Efficacy of Oral Hygiene Aids in Gingivitis Management: A Comparative Study of Manual and Electric Toothbrushes, Dental Floss, and Mouthwash
Authors: Pulayath Civy V. , Al Zahrath Fathimath , Chandy Ajith A. , Chandran Harish , Menezes Shanthi , Jain Harshvardhan N. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Gingivitis is a prevalent oral health issue characterized by inflammation of the gums, often resulting from inadequate plaque removal.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 participants diagnosed with gingivitis, aged 18 to 65 years. Participants were divided into four groups: Group A used a manual toothbrush, Group B used an electric toothbrush, Group C used dental floss in addition to manual brushing, and Group D used mouthwash in addition to manual brushing. The study duration was eight weeks, with gingival index (GI) scores recorded at baseline, four weeks, and eight weeks. Plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were also assessed as secondary outcomes.

Results:
At the end of eight weeks, Group B (electric toothbrush) showed the most significant reduction in gingival index scores (mean reduction: 1.2, P < 0.01), followed by Group D (mouthwash) with a mean reduction of 1.0 (P < 0.05). Group C (dental floss) exhibited a moderate reduction (mean reduction: 0.8, P < 0.05), while Group A (manual toothbrush) had the least improvement (mean reduction: 0.5, P = 0.08). Plaque index and bleeding on probing results followed a similar trend, with the electric toothbrush group demonstrating superior outcomes.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that electric toothbrushes are more effective in managing gingivitis compared to manual toothbrushes, dental floss, and mouthwash.
Factors Associated with Health-related Quality of Life in Moroccan Adults with Asthma
Authors: El Abed Hanane , Ait-Taleb Lahsen Hanaâ , El Malki Hicham , Erraji Alaa Eddine , Benjelloun Mohamed Chakib , Ragala Mohammed El Amine , Halim Karima 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The assessment of asthmatics’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important outcome measure of the disease’s effects from the patient’s perspective. This study aims to assess the asthmatics’ QOL and determine the factors affecting it.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 adult people with asthma attending the Pneumology Department of Hassan II University Hospital in Fez from March to May 2022. Patients were questioned by a face-to-face questionnaire, an asthma control test, an observance questionnaire, a knowledge questionnaire, and a specific asthma QOL questionnaire. The influence of the variables was evaluated by bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression.

Results:
The mean age was 48.4 ± 15.4. 71.8% were women, half were not attending school, and 77.7% lived in urban areas. 67.7% were nonsmokers, and 72.73% were passive workers. Only 42.27% complied well with treatment, and 41.82% have well-controlled asthma. The majority of people had insufficient knowledge. The QOL was considered good for 20% of the participants, poor for 11.8%, and average for 68.2% of the patients. The mean of the global QOL score was 5.1 ± 0.9. The most significant factors associated with a higher QOL were good asthma control (ß = 0.70; P ≤ 0.001), good knowledge score (ß = 0.125; P = 0.013), insurance coverage (ß = 0.144; P = 0.005), and work activity (ß = 0.133; P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
Our study found multiple factors affecting asthma patients’ QOL, including asthma control, knowledge, and socioeconomic status. We can take some measures to improve the situation through patient education.
The Association between Depression, Self-efficacy, and Health-related Quality of Life Among Chinese Patients Undergoing Their First Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Cheng Li , Wang Wen-Ru , Wikström Lotta , Mårtensson Jan 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The demand for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been steadily increasing along with the number of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China. However, there is a lack of studies investigating health-related quality of life (HRQoL), self-efficacy, and depression among Chinese patients undergoing their first PCI. The aim of this study was to explore the association between depression, self-efficacy, and HRQoL among Chinese patients with CHD undergoing their first PCI.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 212 Chinese patients with CHD who underwent their first PCI were recruited through convenience sampling from October 2019 to March 2020. HRQoL, self-efficacy, and depression were assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale, and Short-Form Cardiac Depression Scale, respectively, along with the collection of patients’ sociodemographic and clinical information.

Results:
Among the 212 participants, the average age was 59.82 years, and 145 (68.4%) were male. The average scores for self-efficacy, depression, and HRQoL were 33.49 (±10.28), 16.14 (±6.12), and 328.33 (±62.55), respectively. Among the 212 patients who underwent PCI, 134 (63.21%) were found to have depression symptoms according to the cutoff score of 14. A higher body mass index, a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, fewer years of CHD diagnosis, the absence of symptoms of depression and greater self-efficacy were significantly positively associated with HRQoL. In total, these variables explained 37.2% of the variance in HRQoL.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that the HRQoL of patients in this group needs to receive more attention. A comprehensive secondary prevention intervention for CHD patients undergoing their first PCI should emphasize mitigating depression and positively influencing their self-efficacy.
Breastfeeding Status and Infectious Diseases among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Indonesia
Authors: Paramashanti Bunga A. , Nugraheny Esti , Suparmi Suparmi , Afifah Tin , Nugraheni Wahyu Pudji , Lestyoningrum Sinta Dewi , Tumaji Tumaji , Sulistiyowati Ning , Masitoh Siti , Rahayu Herwinda Kusuma , Afifah Effatul 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Infectious diseases remain public health issues in Indonesia. However, there remains a knowledge gap on whether breastfeeding can prevent infectious diseases in young children. This study examined the relationship between current breastfeeding and child infections in Indonesia.

Methods:
Data were derived from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey by including 5158 children aged 6–23 months. The dependent variables were diarrhea, fever, and acute respiratory infection (ARI). The main exposure of interest was the current breastfeeding status. Covariates included factors at the child, maternal, household, health care, and community levels.

Results:
Around 20%, 38%, and 4% of children experienced diarrhea, fever, and ARI, respectively. Current breastfeeding status was protective against diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61–0.89) but not related to fever (AOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.82–1.11) and ARI (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.70–1.47). Other factors related to diarrhea included female children, older maternal age, maternal higher education, improved drinking water source, and living in Sulawesi. Living in Sumatera and Sulawesi were linked to fever. Higher birth orders and improved toilet facilities were associated with ARI.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate different levels of factors affecting child infections. Thus, integrating breastfeeding promotions with water, hygiene, and sanitation interventions may help prevent infectious diseases in young children.
Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Violence against Women among Myanmar Migrant Women in Thailand
Authors: Zaw Kaung , Kittipichai Wirin , Chamroonsawasdi Kanittha , Powwattana Arpaporn 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Violence against women (VAW) is a serious human rights violation with significant implications for public health. VAW affects the well-being of women, children, and families. This study aims to develop and validate a scale specifically designed for identifying and assisting migrant women who have experienced violence.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey using stratified sampling was conducted among 295 Myanmar migrant women in Thailand. Violence among these women was assessed using self-administered questionnaires with data collection taking 15–20 min per participant between September and December 2023. The construct validity of the Violence against Migrant Women Scale (VAMWS) was confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) estimated by weighted least squares means and variance with Geomin rotation in Mplus software.

Results:
The EFA revealed a 13-item scale with a four-factor structure that fit the data exceptionally well, as indicated by the high comparative fit index of 0.99 and low root mean square error of approximation value of 0.02. Communalities ranged from 0.58 to 0.99 and rotated factor correlations between 0.36 and 0.53. The four dimensions were as follows: F1 – physical (4 items, loadings 0.51–0.73), F2 – sexual (2 items, loadings 0.66–0.99), F3 – psychological (3 items, loadings 0.57–0.73), and F4 – economic (3 items, loadings 0.50–0.78). VAMWS had Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 and corrected item–total correlation values from 0.53 to 0.74. Physical violence, experienced by 50% of respondents, was most common, primarily by spouses, then siblings, acquaintances, employers, parents, and friends.

Conclusion:
VAMWS is applicable for assessing violence prevalence across multiple sectors, including health care, social services, law enforcement, and future research endeavors.
Nomograms of fetal thoracic dimensions from 17 to 37 weeks of gestation
Authors: Chankhunaphas Wisit , Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Sompagdee Nalat , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Burapasikarin Chada 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
We aimed to construct the nomograms for fetal thoracic parameters among Thai fetuses that were between 17 and 37 gestational weeks, as assessed by three distinct two‐dimensional (2D) measurement techniques (thoracic diameter, circumference and area) and compare our findings with those of previous publications.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study involving 511 low-risk singleton pregnancies with normal fetuses at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, was conducted. Using the four-chamber view, fetal thoracic measurements were obtained through three 2D sonographic measurement methods. Reference intervals at 95% and Z-scores were established for all techniques based on gestational age (GA) and biparietal diameter (BPD). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to assess reproducibility of the measurement methods.

Results:
Measurements of fetal thorax size exhibited consistent, proportional increases with advancing GA and BPD across all techniques. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability coefficients for all methods indicated excellent agreement, with all ICCs being at least 0.991. Nomograms of fetal thoracic diameter, circumference and area across GA and BPD were constructed from the obtained values. Discrepancies in Z-score reference ranges for fetal thoracic circumference were noted between the present study and previous research in other populations, particularly among Caucasians.

Conclusion:
Our study established normal reference ranges for evaluating fetal chest size through three different methods from 17 to 37 weeks of gestation in the Thai population. Nomograms may vary due to population differences, emphasising the importance of using reference values from similar demographic groups. The findings could potentially be used to identify fetuses that are at risk of abnormal thoracic dimensions or thoracic dysplasia.