bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Development of Metallic (1T) Phase of Molybdenum Disulfide for Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Lei Zhendong , Zhan Jing , Tang Liang , Zhang Yong , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe development of a feasible and inexpensive strategy to obtain and utilize sustainable energy is an important issue for the sustainable development of human society. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the development of novel functional materials for energy conversion and storage. Owing to their unique physico‐chemical properties, 2D layered materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, have attracted great interest in energy‐related research. 1T‐MoS2 is a metallic phase of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with extraordinary electronic conductivity, enlarged interlayer spacing, and more electrochemically active sites along the basal plane, which offers intriguing benefits for energy‐related applications compared to its semiconducting counterpart (2H‐MoS2). This review summarizes the preparation and structure–property relationships of 1T‐MoS2, as well as the underlying relations between the metallic (1T) and semiconducting (2H) phases of MoS2. Recent progress in the preparation and stabilization of 1T‐MoS2 materials and their applications for energy conversion and storage are discussed, including water splitting to form hydrogen via photo/electrocatalysis and electricity storage in lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, magnesium‐ion batteries, and supercapacitors. Optimization strategies of 1T‐MoS2 to obtain enhanced practical properties based on theoretical calculations are also presented.
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction with Atomic Iron‐Dispersed on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Zhang Chenhao , Yang Shize , Wu Jingjie , Liu Mingjie , Yazdi Sadegh , Ren Muqing , Sha Junwei , Zhong Jun , Nie Kaiqi , Jalilov Almaz S. , Li Zhenyuan , Li Huaming , Yakobson Boris I. , Wu Qin , Ringe Emilie , Xu Hui , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Tour James M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 provides an opportunity to reach a carbon‐neutral energy recycling regime, in which CO2 emissions from fuel use are collected and converted back to fuels. The reduction of CO2 to CO is the first step toward the synthesis of more complex carbon‐based fuels and chemicals. Therefore, understanding this step is crucial for the development of high‐performance electrocatalyst for CO2 conversion to higher order products such as hydrocarbons. Here, atomic iron dispersed on nitrogen‐doped graphene (Fe/NG) is synthesized as an efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to CO. Fe/NG has a low reduction overpotential with high Faradic efficiency up to 80%. The existence of nitrogen‐confined atomic Fe moieties on the nitrogen‐doped graphene layer is confirmed by aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis. The Fe/NG catalysts provide an ideal platform for comparative studies of the effect of the catalytic center on the electrocatalytic performance. The CO2 reduction reaction mechanism on atomic Fe surrounded by four N atoms (Fe–N4) embedded in nitrogen‐doped graphene is further investigated through density functional theory calculations, revealing a possible promotional effect of nitrogen doping on graphene.
A Monodisperse Rh2P‐Based Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient and pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Fulin , Zhao Yuanmeng , Du Yeshuang , Chen Yongting , Cheng Gongzhen , Chen Shengli , Luo Wei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe search for Pt‐free electrocatalysts exceeding pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities when compared to the state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C is highly desirable for the development of renewable energy conversion systems but still remains a huge challenge. Here a colloidal synthesis of monodisperse Rh2P nanoparticles with an average size of 2.8 nm and their superior catalytic activities for pH‐universal HER are reported. Significantly, the Rh2P catalyst displays remarkable HER performance with overpotentials of 14, 30, and 38 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4, 1.0 m KOH, and 1.0 m phosphate‐buffered saline, respectively, exceeding almost all the documented electrocatalysts, including the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of P into Rh can weaken the H adsorption strength of Rh2P to nearly zero, beneficial for boosting HER performance.
Carrier Interfacial Engineering by Bismuth Modification for Efficient and Thermoresistant Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Cong , Liu Dali , Zhang Boxue , Bi Wenbo , Li Hao , Jin Junjie , Chen Xu , Xu Lin , Song Hongwei , Dai Qilin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as attractive alternatives to conventional solar cells. It is still a challenge to obtain PSCs with good thermal stability and high permanence, especially at extreme outdoor temperatures. This work systematically studies the effects of Bi3+ modification on structural, electrical, and optical properties of perovskite films (FA0.83MA0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3) and the performance of corresponding PSCs. The results indicate that Bi3+ modified PSCs can achieve better thermal stability, photovoltaic response, and reproducibility compared with control cells due to the decreased grain boundaries, enhanced crystallization, and improved electron extraction from perovskite film. As a result, the modified PSC exhibits an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.4% compared with 18.3% for the optimized control device, accompanied by better thermoresistant ability under 100–180 °C and enhanced long‐term stability. The degradation rate of the modified device is reduced by an order of magnitude due to effective structural defect modification in perovskite photoactive layer. It could maintain more than two months at 60 °C. These results shed light on the origin of crystallization and thermal stability of perovskite films, and provide an approach to solve thermal stability issue of PSCs.
Crystal Structure Induced Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Thermoelectric Ag9AlSe6
Authors: Li Wen , Lin Siqi , Weiss Manuel , Chen Zhiwei , Li Juan , Xu Yidong , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Pei Yanzhong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent discoveries of novel thermoelectric materials largely rely on an intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity. This results from various mechanisms including low sound velocity, complex crystal structure, liquid‐like ions, and lattice anharmonicity. Here semiconducting Ag9AlSe6 with many weakly bonded and highly disordered cations is shown to be a promising novel thermoelectric material, due to its ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of ≈0.3 W m−1 K−1 in the entire temperature range. Such a low κL is believed to be a result of its (1) complex crystal structure for a small population of acoustic phonons, (2) soft bonding for an overall low sound velocity (1300 m s−1), and (3) massive disordering of Ag ions. Its electronic transport properties can be well understood by a single parabolic band model with acoustic scattering. The achieved thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) can be as high as unity, which is unlike conventional thermoelectric materials, which rely heavily on a high power factor. This work not only demonstrates Ag9AlSe6 as a promising thermoelectric material, but also paves the way for the exploration of novel thermoelectrics with a complex crystal structure with weakly bonded and highly disordered constituent elements in the structure.
MOF‐Based Transparent Passivation Layer Modified ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photo‐Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Li Xiao , Liu Shengwei , Fan Ke , Liu Zhaoqing , Song Bo , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study introduces zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) as the first metal‐organic framework based transparent surface passivation layer for photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water splitting. A significant enhancement for PEC water oxidation is demonstrated based on the in situ seamless coating of ZIF‐8 surface passivation layer on Ni foam (NF) supported ZnO nanorod arrays photoanode. The PEC performance is improved by optimizing the ZIF‐8 thickness and by grafting Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as synergetic co‐catalyst. With respect to ZnO/NF, the optimized Ni(OH)2/ZIF‐8/ZnO/NF photoanode exhibits a two times larger photocurrent density of 1.95 mA cm−2 and also a two times larger incident photon to current conversion efficiency of 40.05% (350 nm) at 1.23 V versus RHE (VRHE) under AM 1.5 G. The synergetic surface passivation and the co‐catalyst modification contribute to prolonging the charge lifetime, to promoting the charge transfer, and to decreasing the overpotential for water oxidation.
H2V3O8 Nanowire/Graphene Electrodes for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries with High Rate Capability and Large Capacity
Authors: Pang Qiang , Sun Congli , Yu Yanhao , Zhao Kangning , Zhang Ziyi , Voyles Paul M. , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin , Wang Xudong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are considered a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety nature. A composite material comprised of H2V3O8 nanowires (NWs) wrapped by graphene sheets and used as the cathode material for aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries is developed. Owing to the synergistic merits of desirable structural features of H2V3O8 NWs and high conductivity of the graphene network, the H2V3O8 NW/graphene composite exhibits superior zinc ion storage performance including high capacity of 394 mA h g−1 at 1/3 C, high rate capability of 270 mA h g−1 at 20 C and excellent cycling stability of up to 2000 cycles with a capacity retention of 87%. The battery offers a high energy density of 168 W h kg−1 at 1/3 C and a high power density of 2215 W kg−1 at 20 C (calculated based on the total weight of H2V3O8 NW/graphene composite and the theoretically required amount of Zn). Systematic structural and elemental characterization confirm the reversible Zn2+ and water cointercalation electrochemical reaction mechanism. This work brings a new prospect of designing high‐performance aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries for grid‐scale energy storage.
Editorial Processes in Free Open Access Medical Educational (FOAM) Resources
Authors: Azim Arden , Beck‐Esmay Jennifer , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundMuch of the skepticism toward online educational resources (OERs) in emergency medicine (EM) stems from the low barrier to publishing and a perceived lack of editorial rigor. Learners and educators have demonstrated unreliable gestalt ratings of OERs, suggesting a lack of capacity to consistently appraise these resources. The development of tools to guide clinicians and learners in the selection and use of blogs and podcasts is a growing area of interest. Disclosure of editorial process was identified in previous studies as an important quality indicator for OERs. However, little is known about editorial process in online EM resources and whether it can be reliably integrated into a critical appraisal tool.MethodsTwo reviewers assessed 100 top EM and critical care OERs for mention and description of editorial process and academic and nonacademic affiliations. Ninety‐two sites were accessible for review. All sites were also contacted to attempt clarification of their editorial process. Inter‐rater reliability for mention and description of editorial process was evaluated using Cohen's kappa, and the relationship between academic affiliation and disclosure of editorial process was assessed by odds ratio (OR).ResultsEleven sites mentioned an editorial process, and 10 of these sites included a description. Five of the seven sites that responded to contact also described an editorial process. Inter‐rater agreement was excellent for mention (κ = 0.90) and description (κ = 1.00) of editorial process. Eighteen sites listed academic affiliations and 21 sites had nonacademic affiliations. A greater proportion of sites with academic affiliations disclosed their editorial process compared to sites without academic affiliations (OR = 5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–21.0; difference in proportions of 0.40, 95% CI = 11.6–60.8).ConclusionsAlthough transparency is lacking, editorial processes exist among OERs. Inter‐rater reliability for disclosure of editorial process is excellent, supporting its use within critical appraisal tools.
Clinical impact of developing better practices at the institutional level on surgical outcomes after distal pancreatectomy in 1515 patients: Domestic audit of the Japanese Society of Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Satoi Sohei , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Matsumoto Ippei , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Amano Ryosuke , Tahara Munenori , Murakami Yoshiaki , Arimitsu Hidehito , Hirono Seiko , Sho Masayuki , Ryota Hironori , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Unno Michiaki , Takeyama Yoshifumi , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and AimInstitutional standardization in the perioperative management of distal pancreatectomy (DP) has not been evaluated in a multicenter setting. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of institutional standardization on the development of postoperative complications after DP.MethodsData were collected from 1515 patients who underwent DP in 2006, 2010, and 2014 at 53 institutions in Japan. A standardized institution (SI) was defined as one that implemented ≥6 of 11 quality initiatives according to departmental policy. There were 541 patients in the SI group and 974 in the non‐SI group. Clinical parameters were compared between groups. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis with a mixed‐effects model.ResultsProportion of patients who underwent DP in SI increased from 16.5% in 2006 to 46.4% in 2014. The SI group experienced an improved process of care and a lower frequency of severe complications vs the non‐SI group (grade III/IV Clavien‐Dindo; 22% vs 29%, respectively, clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula; 22% vs 31%, respectively, P < .05 for both). Duration of in‐hospital stay in the SI group was significantly shorter than that in the non‐SI group (16 [5‐183] vs 20 postoperative days [5‐204], respectively; P = .002). Multivariate analysis with a mixed‐effects model showed that soft pancreas, late drain removal, excess blood loss and long surgical time were risk factors for post‐DP complications (P < .05). Pancreatic texture, drain management and surgical factors, but not standardization of care, were associated with a lower incidence of post‐DP complications.
Brassicales phylogeny inferred from 72 plastid genes: A reanalysis of the phylogenetic localization of two paleopolyploid events and origin of novel chemical defenses
Authors: Edger Patrick P. , Hall Jocelyn C. , Harkess Alex , Tang Michelle , Coombs Jill , Mohammadin Setareh , Schranz M. Eric , Xiong Zhiyong , Leebens‐Mack James , Meyers Blake C. , Sytsma Kenneth J. , Koch Marcus A. , Al‐Shehbaz Ihsan A. , Pires J. Chris 
Published: March 2018

PREMISE OF THE STUDYPrevious phylogenetic studies employing molecular markers have yielded various insights into the evolutionary history across Brassicales, but many relationships between families remain poorly supported or unresolved. A recent phylotranscriptomic approach utilizing 1155 nuclear markers obtained robust estimates for relationships among 14 of 17 families. Here we report a complete family‐level phylogeny estimated using the plastid genome.METHODSWe conducted phylogenetic analyses on a concatenated data set comprising 44,926 bp from 72 plastid genes for species distributed across all 17 families. Our analysis includes three additional families, Tovariaceae, Salvadoraceae, and Setchellanthaceae, that were omitted in the previous phylotranscriptomic study.KEY RESULTSOur phylogenetic analyses obtained fully resolved and strongly supported estimates for all nodes across Brassicales. Importantly, these findings are congruent with the topology reported in the phylotranscriptomic study. This consistency suggests that future studies could utilize plastid genomes as markers for resolving relationships within some notoriously difficult clades across Brassicales. We used this new phylogenetic framework to verify the placement of the At‐α event near the origin of Brassicaceae, with median date estimates of 31.8 to 42.8 million years ago and restrict the At‐β event to one of two nodes with median date estimates between 85 to 92.2 million years ago. These events ultimately gave rise to novel chemical defenses and are associated with subsequent shifts in net diversification rates.CONCLUSIONSWe anticipate that these findings will aid future comparative evolutionary studies across Brassicales, including selecting candidates for whole‐genome sequencing projects.
Cyclophosphamide versus etoposide in combination with total body irradiation as conditioning regimen for adult patients with Ph‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant: On behalf of the ALWP of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Czyz Anna , Labopin Myriam , Giebel Sebastian , Socié Gerard , Apperley Jane , Volin Liisa , Reményi Péter , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Orchard Kim , Michallet Mauricette , Stuhler Gernot , Chaganti Sridhar , Murray Martin , Aljurf Mahmoud , Bloor Adrian , Passweg Jacob , Finke Jürgen , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) with myeloablative conditioning based on total body irradiation (TBI) is widely used for the treatment of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). TBI is most frequently administered in combination with either cyclophosphamide (Cy/TBI) or etoposide (Vp/TBI). The goal of this study was to retrospectively compare these two regimens. Adult patients with Ph‐negative ALL treated with alloHCT in first or second complete remission who received Cy/TBI (n = 1346) or Vp/TBI (n = 152) conditioning were included in the analysis. In a univariate analysis, as compared to Cy/TBI, the use of Vp/TBI was associated with reduced incidence of relapse (17% vs. 30% at 5 years, P = .007), increased rate of leukemia‐free survival (60% vs. 50%, P = .04), and improved “graft versus host disease (GVHD) and relapse‐free survival” (GRFS, 43% vs. 33%, P = .04). No significant effect could be observed in terms of the incidence of nonrelapse mortality or acute or chronic GVHD. In a multivariate model, the use of Vp/TBI was associated with reduced risk of relapse (HR = 0.62, P = .04) while the effect on other study end‐points was not significant. In conclusion, conditioning regimen based on Vp combined with TBI appears more effective for disease control than the combination of Cy with TBI for adult patients with Ph‐negative ALL treated with alloHCT.
Transitioning patients with immune thrombocytopenia to second‐line therapy: Challenges and best practices
Authors: Cuker Adam 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn patients with immune thrombocytopenia who do not adequately respond to first‐line therapy, there is no clear consensus on which second‐line therapy to initiate and when. This situation leads to suboptimal approaches, including prolonged exposure to treatments that are not intended for long‐term use (eg, corticosteroids) and overuse of off‐label therapies (eg, rituximab) while approved, more efficacious options exist. These approaches may not only fail to address symptoms and burden of disease, but may also worsen health‐related quality of life. A better understanding of available second‐line treatments may ensure best use of therapeutic options and thereby optimize patient outcomes.
Sex‐specific functional adaptation of the femoral diaphysis to body composition
Authors: Lacoste Jeanson Alizé , Santos Frédéric , Dupej Ján , Velemínská Jana , Brůžek Jaroslav 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe human femoral diaphysis is often used to reconstruct loading histories (mobility, activity, body mass). The proximal femur is known to be differentially affected by changes in total fat‐mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (BF%), but the adaptation of the entire diaphysis to body composition has not been thoroughly characterized to date. Understanding how the femoral diaphysis adapts to body components would benefit biomechanical interpretations of the femoral variation and nutrition‐related studies.MethodsCombining various methods from clinical nutrition, biological anthropology, and geometric morphometrics, we evaluated the correlation of measures taken on the entire femoral diaphysis with estimated FM, FFM, and BF% from 61 CT scans (17 females, 44 males). The sample was predominantly composed of people with obesity.ResultsCortical area of the cross‐sections and local cortical thickness showed high correlation with BF% in particular, in females only. The curvature significantly decreased with FM and BF% in both sexes. The lowest correlations are found with FFM.ConclusionsThe observed sexual dimorphism is consistent with differing aging processes; cortical bone decreases in females through endosteal resorption while it remains almost constant in males who compensate for endosteal resorption by periosteal apposition on the diaphyseal surface. The functional adaptation to compressive forces indicates a systemic endosteal apposition of bone material with increased BF% and FM in females only. FM and BF% are linked to a straighter femur in both sexes, suggesting an optimization of the resistance to compressive loads by distributing them more linearly along the entire diaphysis.
Parental posttraumatic stress and child behavioral problems in world trade center responders
Authors: Uchida Mai , Feng Huifen , Feder Adriana , Mota Natalie , Schechter Clyde B. , Woodworth Hilary D. , Kelberman Caroline G. , Crane Michael , Landrigan Philip , Moline Jacqueline , Udasin Iris , Harrison Denise , Luft Benjamin J. , Katz Craig , Southwick Steven M. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundWe investigated trans‐generational associations between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in World Trade Center (WTC) responders and behavioral problems in their children.MethodsParticipants were WTC responders—8034 police and 8352 non‐traditional (eg, construction workers)—with one or more children at the time of their first visit to the World Trade Center Health Program (WTC‐HP). Self‐report questionnaires were administered approximately 4 years after the 9/11 WTC attack.ResultsA total of 31.4% of non‐traditional and 20.0% of police responders reported behavioral problems in their children. Non‐traditional responder status, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, more life stressors, more WTC‐related PTSD symptoms, and dysphoric arousal symptoms were significant correlates of behavioral problems in responders’ children.ConclusionsSpecific parental sociodemographic, psychosocial and clinical characteristics, as well as PTSD symptom severity, were significant correlates of child behavior problems. Findings encourage monitoring and early intervention for children of disaster responders, particularly those at highest risk.