bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proposal for the evaluation of television quality formats
Authors: Moreno-Castro Carolina , de-la-Fuente-Soler Manuel 
Published: April 2019

In this talk we will attempt to measure the quality of audio-visual contents broadcast in mainstream television. If we examine the regulations on the contents of television, the statutes of public television, higher level legislation and European guidelines, we will find articles that seem reasonable and are easily applicable in order that certain standards may be applied. However, in Spain, the quality of television broadcasting is generally of low quality.
La comunicación que se presenta en este congreso propone un modelo que permita evaluar los contenidos de los formatos televisivos a través de unos estándares de calidad predeterminados, que responden a un estudio analítico. El trabajo propuesto está basado en el examen de los estatutos de los consejos audiovisuales españoles y europeos, así como de los estatutos de las radiotelevisiones públicas de las distintas comunidades autonómicas, en los que se contemplan algunos apartados sobre los contenidos que se han de emitir. También se revisa la legislación sobre publicidad, así como los mecanismos que tienen los consumidores para poder reclamar ante organismos competentes cuando consideren que el contenido de las emisiones vulnere los derechos de los individuales. De este modo, se ha logrado una serie de parámetros que permitan evaluar los contenidos y los formatos antes de ser emitidos y difundidos. El inicio de este trabajo arranca con una serie de preguntas: ¿en la cadena de producción de los flujos mediáticos se establece alguna formativa ISO? ¿Conocemos la trazabilidad de los formatos audiovisuales? ¿Quién ampara a los espectadores ante la exposición a un producto audiovisual que puede perjudicar a los consumidores?
Television: silly box or magical box?
Authors: Rodríguez-Vázquez Francisca-María , Ruiz-Trujillo Alejandro 
Published: April 2019

The television is at the moment one of the biggest communication roads among people of a certain sociocultural context, independently of the ends of the talkative fact. In this document we express two ways to understand the television. The first, old way of conceiving the concept, as for the technical thing: the television is a complex machine, formed by many circuits and cables. The second, more current and chord with the times in that we live, is in the sense of how the contents are made that we perceive in our receivers. We will make a brief historical journey, going from the beginnings (W/B television, elements that conform the apparatus and so on) to conclude with the incidence of the TV in the society. Finally we will elaborate a series of recommendations so that we could be intelligent television consumers. At least a little more than what we are now.
Con esta comunicación queremos analizar los comienzos de la televisión en general y en España en concreto, y cómo ésta ha ido evolucionando hasta el día de hoy. Partiremos del concepto de «televisión», donde se define como «un sistema de telecomunicación para la transmisión y recepción de imágenes y sonidos a distancia». Esta transmisión puede ser efectuada mediante ondas de radio o por redes especializadas de televisión por cable. La palabra «televisión» es un híbrido de la voz griega «????» (lejos) y la latina «vis?o» (visión). El término televisión se refiere, asimismo, a todos los aspectos de transmisión y programación de televisión. En muchas ocasiones la abreviamos como TV. También, podemos decir que la televisión crea multitud de imágenes que circulan entre los que la ven, los telespectadores. A lo largo de su historia ha ido recibiendo diferentes nombres como «la caja tonta» o «el octavo arte». Son muchos los estudios que se han realizado a lo largo de su historia y de los medios de comunicación en general. Del mismo modo son muchos los temas que se encuentran alrededor de dicho medio de comunicación determinados por diversos factores: la franja horaria de los distintos programas, el ranking de las audiencias, el consumo diario de televisión, etcétera. Pasaremos de ver el aparato como tal y su evolución al consumo que realizamos de la televisión dentro del seno de la familia, de la educación y el aprendizaje. También nos detenemos brevemente en los pasos fundamentales para elaborar un programa de televisión, tanto a nivel técnico como a nivel humano. Y, como pensamos que el tema es realmente interesante -y preocupante en algunos casos-, en las conclusiones hemos creído oportuno incluir una serie de recomendaciones, destinada a todos los usuarios de la televisión y, especialmente, a aquellas personas encargadas de la educación de los más pequeños: y es que la televisión se ha convertido en uno de los pasatiempos más importantes y de mayor influencia en la vida de los niños, y éstos absorben toda la información que reciben, provenga de donde provenga: de la escuela, de su entorno familiar, de sus amigos... y por supuesto, de la televisión.
Psychopedagogical Orientation, education and television
Authors: Monescillo-Palomo Manuel 
Published: April 2019

The Psychopedagogical Orientation helps persons to acquire the elementary competences they need to be rational and critical consumers of the multivarious audiovisual messages that are transmitted through the different televisions. The tutorial action, considered like intentional, planned and preventive task, implies individuals and groups in experiences that progressively are permitting that the subjects conformed an equilibrated scale of values and a consistent autonomy that give them maturity to make the more appropriate and reasonable decisions. In this sense, this is able to prepare and improve the person, especially younger people, to live together with the harassing TV and, at the same time, to use the messages to get information and leisure -without becoming manipulated- and to talk correctly and of creative utilizing their own codes.En esta comunicación se pretende resaltar la importancia que tiene la acción orientadora dentro del proceso formativo de las personas -tanto formal como informal- y su contribución al logro de la formación integral y la capacitación para poder tomar decisiones autónomas, acertadas y responsables en cada momento y faceta de la vida personal, familiar, académica y/o laboral. En concreto se pone de relieve la relación entre la tutoría orientadora y la televisión, considerando a ésta como objeto específico de estudio, como potente recurso para facilitar el autoaprendizaje y como medio para expresarse y comunicarse utilizando sus códigos y su lenguaje audiovisual. En este breve texto, se pretende aportar algunas ideas y propuestas para hacer reflexionar a las familias, educadores y responsables implicados en la formación de las personas sobre la necesidad de integrar la orientación psicopedagógica dentro del proceso formativo, como una acción sistemática, preventiva y de desarrollo inmersa en los procesos formativos, que contribuye a la adquisición de las competencias esenciales y transversales que serán la base para desarrollar otras más específicas, y sin las cuales se haría difícil progresar de forma optima en el desarrollo y en el logro de la maduración requerida para integrarse y desenvolverse de forma activa y efectiva en los distintos entornos y en las variadas situaciones que deba afrontar la persona a lo largo de toda la vida.
Fashion and mass media and civic education
Authors: de-Andrés-Garrido José María 
Published: April 2019

Fashion and mass media are social core elements with an educational function that may even replace the educational frarnes provided by the family. The social effects of media power are shown to be negative: young citizens do not like topics of public interest, they are only interested in consuming and they believe that their own destiny does not depend on their personal decisions but on higher social power.
La moda y los medios de comunicación son ejes vertebradores de la sociedad actual que poseen una función educadora sustituyendo, en muchos casos, incluso a la familia como referente educativo. Los efectos de este poder mediático están siendo negativos: a los jóvenes ciudadanos no les gustan los temas de interés público, sólo se busca el consumismo y consideran que el destino de las personas no está en sus manos, sino en los altos círculos del poder.
«Dinkis»: setting a new life style
Authors: Delgado-Brull María Teresa , Gómez-Abeja Domingo 
Published: April 2019

The term «dinki» stands for «double income no kids» and refers to young couples with high earned income who do not want to have offspring in order to maintain their economical status (a great part of their income is devoted to travelling, eating in restaurants...). The «dinki» phenomenon is not new at all. According to the results about «Young families in Spain» published by Milward Brown Spain consultancy in November 2005, in Spain there are already 800,000 of «dinki» couples, a 75 percentage higher than in 2000.
El término «dinki» responde a las siglas en inglés «double income no kids» (doble sueldo sin hijos). Los «dinkis» son parejas de jóvenes que a pesar de convivir, tener dos sueldos y cierta holgura económica, no tienen ni desean tener hijos, para poder mantener un buen nivel de vida (dedicando buena parte de su sueldo a salir, comer fuera, viajar...). El fenómeno «dinki» no es más que la constatación de una realidad ya existente,pues según un estudio realizado por la consultora Milward Brown Spain sobre «Las familias jóvenes en España» que se hizo en noviembre de 2005, ya conviven 800.000 parejas de «dinkis» en nuestro país, un 75% más que en el año 2000.
Relationship between journalists and politicians in critical situations: a case study
Authors: Cortiñas Sergi , Pont-Sorribes Carles 
Published: April 2019

This article tries to study the relationship between iournalists and politicians in critical situations. The writers have analyzed the information broadcast by the television networks in Spain: Televisión Española, Antena 3 and Tele 5 on March 2004 11th, 12th and 13th, just after the terrorist attack in Madrid. From this study research, it has been concluded that the journalists had little critical capacity, they were in collusion with the politicians, spreading certain badly argued theses and subject maner, using unwarranted expressions.
Este artículo pretende estudiar la relación entre periodistas y políticos en situaciones críticas. Los autores han analizado la información emitida por las cadenas de televisión: Televisión Espanola, Antena 3 y Tele 5 en los días 1 1 , 12 y 13 de marzo de 2004, coincidiendo con el atentado de Madrid. De esta investigación, se concluye que los periodistas actuaron con poca capacidad crítica, en connivencia con los políticos, en la propagación de determinadas tesis poco o nada argumentadas y de ciertos tópicos y expresiones gratuitas.
Coeducation in Andalusian telematic educative network «Averroes»
Authors: Galarza-Femández Emelina 
Published: April 2019

This paper makes an analytical approach to the coeducational page developed within the «Averroes» website created by the Junta de Andalucía. The conceptual characteristics and the techniques of this webpage will be studied. Coeducation and the use of TIC for its leaming will be thoroughly viewed in order to achievement of the coeducative aim required by the civil goverment.
En este trabajo se realiza una aproximación analítica de la página de coeducación desarrollada en el sitio web «Averroes» que la Junta de Andalucía ha creado. Se estudian las características conceptuales y las técnicas de la página. Con mayor profundidad se trata la coeducación y la utilización de las TIC para su aprendizaje, respondiendo así a la pregunta de si se ha optimizado este recurso tecnológico para la consecución del fin coeducativo deseado por la propia administración.
Communication processes in virtual cooperative environments
Authors: Jiménez-Valverde Gregorio , Llitjós-Viza Anna 
Published: April 2019

In this paper we present a teaching resource consisting on a virtual environment which prornotes cooperation among students through different user,to-user and environment-to-user communication strategies, which are free be used for academic and research purposes.La educación se encuentra sometida a grandes cambios, provocados por la influencia de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC). En este nuevo modelo de enseñanza que se avecina, el alumnado debería jugar un papel cada vez más activo. En este artículo se presenta un recurso didáctico gratuito consistente en un entorno virtual que favorece la cooperación entre estudiantes a través de diferentes estrategias comunicativas, tanto entre los usuarios en sí mismo, como entre los usuarios y el propio entorno.
Synergistic Effect of Ethanol and Mitomycin C on Corneal Stroma
Authors: Netto Marcelo V. , Barreto Jackson , Santo Ruth , Bechara Samir , Kara-Jose Newton , Wilson Steven E. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To investigate the combined effects of ethanol and mitomycin C (MMC) application on the corneal stroma of rabbits that underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods
Twenty-four rabbits (24 eyes) underwent PRK to correct −9.00 diopters of myopia. Twelve eyes had ethanol application before removing the epithelium and 12 eyes had the epithelium manually removed without ethanol. Eyes in both groups had topical MMC 0.02% application for 12 seconds immediately after excimer laser ablation. Twelve rabbits were sacrificed at two time points—4 hours and 4 weeks after surgery—and immunohistochemistry was performed with TUNEL assay, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and DAPI.

Results

More TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the ethanol-treated group compared to the mechanical debridement group at 4 hours after surgery (
P
<.01). No significant difference in alpha-SMA–positive cells was detected between the two groups at 4 weeks after sugery. However, decreased keratocyte density in the anterior stroma was more pronounced in the ethanol-treated group compared to the mechanical debridement group (
P
<.02).

Conclusions

Ethanol application for epithelial removal during PRK seems to produce a synergistic effect with MMC, resulting in fewer keratocytes in the anterior stroma of rabbit corneas treated with MMC and ethanol than in corneas treated with MMC alone after PRK. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:626–632.]
Optical Aberrations in Pseudophakic Eyes After 2.5-mm Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy for Posterior Capsule Opacification
Authors: Casprini Fabrizio , Balestrazzi Angelo , Tosi Gian Marco , Lazzarotto Marco , Malandrini Alex , Lepri Francesca , Martone Gianluca , Caporossi Tomaso , Caporossi Aldo 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To evaluate aberrometric outcomes in eyes with posterior capsule opacification after 2.5-mm Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy compared to pseudophakic eyes without posterior capsule opacification.

Methods
Photographic image analysis of posterior capsule opacification was performed on 36 eyes that showed advanced posterior capsule opacification (case group) and on 36 eyes which showed absence of posterior capsule opacification (control group). Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and wavefront analysis were performed in the control group and in the case group after 2.5-mm capsulotomy.

Results

Mean BSCVA in the case group after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment (
P
<.05) and similar to the BSCVA in the control group (
P
>.1). Aberrometric analysis was performed on the control group, but light scattering prevented the analysis in posterior capsule opacification before capsulotomy, which was then performed after the intervention in 18 (50%) eyes. Mean total high order aberrations and 3rd order aberrations were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (
P
<.05). Fourth and 5th order aberration values were similar between the case and control groups (
P
>.06).

Conclusions

Our wavefront results can detect a deterioration of visual quality in patients that underwent a 2.5-mm Nd:YAG capsulotomy compared to pseudophakic patients not affected by posterior capsule opacification. This difference cannot be detected by standard visual acuity examination. Further study is needed to clarify whether our high order aberration findings were related to small, 2.5-mm capsulotomies and whether aberrometry may be indicative for mild to moderate posterior capsule opacification. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:702–706.]
Efficacy and Safety of Blue-light Scleral Cross-linking
Authors: Iseli Hans Peter , Spoerl Eberhard , Wiedemann Peter , Krueger Ronald R. , Seiler Theo 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of blue-light scleral cross-linking as well as its safety in preventing retinal damage beneath the treated sclera.

Methods
Six rabbits were unilaterally treated with topical riboflavin (0.5%) and blue light (465 nm) on the equatorial sclera using a light emitting diode source with an exposure area of 9 mm in diameter. Four weeks after the treatment, the animals were euthanized and the exposed sclera and contralateral eye sclera excised for comparative testing of biomechanical rigidity and histologic retinal cellular damage. Extensiometry was performed to evaluate the stress–strain curve of treated versus untreated sclera, and light microscopy of the treated sclera and underlying retina were also comparatively evaluated.

Results
Blue-light scleral cross-linking showed a three-fold increased stiffening in all tested animals in the stress–strain curve. Histological investigation revealed no retinal damage in any of the treated eyes.

Conclusions

Scleral cross-linking with riboflavin and blue light (465 nm) has a stiffening effect on the sclera without histological tissue damage to the retina. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S752–S755.]
Les yeux et le regard chez Yves Bonnefoy
Authors: Gervais-Zaninger Marie-Annick 
Published: April 2019

La présente étude tente de mettre au jour les différences fondamentales qu’établit le poète-penseur Yves Bonnefoy entre deux notions souvent mal distinguées que sont les yeux et le regard, sur un double plan esthétique et éthique, sa conception singulière prenant tout son sens d’une confrontation avec deux autres approches philosophiques du regard, celle de Sartre et celle de Levinas. Les « yeux » sont pour Bonnefoy liés à une « approche conceptuelle du monde », alors que le regard est du côté de la présence et de « l’expérience de l’immédiat », dans la perception non intellectualisée des êtres, saisis dans leur irréductible individualité. Le regard du poète aura pour tâche de retrouver celui de l’enfant, en déconstruisant les fausses évidences et les préjugés. C’est en ce sens que le regard doit être considéré comme un « lieu de signifiance » fondamental, au cœur de l’expérience éthique comme des modes esthétiques de représentation.
New synonyms and combinations in Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Manning John C. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.Objectives: To effect requisite nomenclatural changes.Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and relevant material was examined.Results: Nomenclatural adjustments are provided for recently described taxa of Hyacinthaceae subfamily Urgineoideae in order to accommodate them in the alternative classification system in use in South African herbaria.Conclusion: A broadly circumscribed Drimia Jacq. has the advantages of nomenclatural stability and utility. The newly described segregate genera Austronea Mart.-Azorín et al. and Zingela N.R.Crouch et al. are formally included in Drimia, and A. densiflora Mart.-Azorín et al., A. hispidoplicata Mart.-Azorín et al. and A. pinguis Mart.-Azorín et al. are transferred to that genus as D. densiflora (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt, D. hispidoplicata(Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt and D. pinguis (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt, respectively, whereas A. grandiflora Mart.-Azorín et al. and A. linearis Mart.-Azorín et al. are treated as synonyms of D. vermiformis J.C.Manning Goldblatt; A. olifanta Mart.-Azorín et al. is treated as a synonym of D. barkerae Oberm. ex J.C.Manning Goldblatt; and A. papillosa Mart.-Azorín et al. and A. pygmaea (A.V. Duthie) Mart.-Azorín et al. are treated a synonyms of D. virens (Schltr.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt. Zingela pooleyorum N.R.Crouch is considered to be conspecific with Urginea zambesiacaBaker, for which the new combination D. zambesiaca (Baker) J.C.Manning Goldblatt is provided. The combination D. zebrina (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt is provided for an allied species. Examination of recent collections of Ornithogalum toxicarium C.Archer R.H.Archer confirms that it is actually a species of Drimia and it is accordingly transferred to that genus as D. toxicaria (C.Archer R.H.Archer) J.C.Manning Goldblatt.
Vedolizumab Achieved Clinical and Histologic Remission in a Patient with Lung Cancer Who Had a Steroid-Refractory Upper Gastrointestinal Injury Due to Nivolumab Treatment
Authors: Tran Cynthia Nguyen , Abu-Sbeih Hamzah , Luo Wenyi , Lu Yang , Wang Yinghong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic class for various malignancies. Their immune upregulation promotes significant anti-tumor effect, but simultaneously, can also result in treatment-limiting immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The data on upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract irAEs are sparse. We herein describe a case of steroid-dependent upper GI toxicity with nivolumab (an anti-programmed death [PD] protein-1) that achieved clinical and histological remission with vedolizumab treatment (a GI tract targeted anti-integrin antibody). A 65-year-old male patient with progressive lung cancer was treated with nivolumab and following 16 cycles, developed severe nausea, vomiting, and epigastric abdominal cramps requiring five hospitalizations. His initial esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed active inflammation in both the stomach and duodenum. Nivolumab was discontinued, but despite treatment with multiple steroid courses, his symptoms always recurred during prednisone taper. Clinical remission was ultimately achieved with vedolizumab. His last EGD after five infusions of vedolizumab demonstrated resolution of inflammation. His lung cancer has since relapsed and the treatment plan was to resume nivolumab concurrently with vedolizumab. In conclusion, ICIs, such as nivolumab, have emerged as therapy for various malignancies. Their use can be associated with various irAEs including the upper GI adverse events which is uncommon. This case scenario showed that vedolizumab can provide a steroid-sparing therapeutic effect to achieve remission of upper GI irAEs even in cases where multiple steroid courses have failed.
Mapping McCarthy in the Age of Neoconservatism, or the Politics of Affect in The Road
Authors: Holloway David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article suggests that in a reading environment weighted down by the neoconservative hegemony of the time, when considered at the level of affect—as politics enacted at the level of feeling, or as ideology experienced at a level that is prior to articulation in language—the act of reading The Road might well have worked for some readers as a powerful affirmation of post-9/11 neoconservatism. This suggestion that McCarthy's prose in The Road might embody, disseminate, and assist in the naturalizing of neoconservative structures of feeling is not, then, a claim about authorial intent. Rather, this article is interested in the reception of McCarthy's work, or at least the range of possible receptions by readers—the political uses, conscious or otherwise, to which contemporary readers might put McCarthy's prose—in a specific historical time and place as a metabolizing of historical experience, or lived ideology, in the form of literary fiction.