bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
This sentence sucks to analyse: Are suck, bite, blow, and work tough-predicates?
Authors: Pytlyk Carolyn 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates tough-predicates and whether four verbs (suck, bite, blow, and work) can function as this type of predicate. The theoretical analysis uses two syntactic and two semantic properties of prototypical tough-predicates to determine the status of the tough-verb candidates. Syntactically, tough-predicates select a to-infinitival complement and require a referential dependency between the matrix subject and the object gap in the complement clause. Semantically, the matrix subject must possess an inherent or permanent property and tough-predicates assign an “experiencer” role. From these four diagnostic properties, the analysis concludes that suck, bite, and blow are indeed tough-verbs, while the conclusions concerning work are less definitive. To complement the conclusions of the theoretical analysis, native speaker judgements were collected from 22 Canadian English speakers. The results show that for a majority of the consultants, suck, bite, and blow can function as tough-predicates. The behaviour of these verbs suggests that suck, bite, and blow (and possibly work) should be added to the small list of known tough-verbs.
Demonstrative Position in Michif
Authors: Rosen Nicole 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article consists of a generative analysis of the variable surface ordering of demonstratives in Michif, a mixed language historically derived from French and Cree, and spoken by some Métis. It is claimed that all demonstratives in Michif originate in [Spec, DemP] and raise to [Spec, DP]. Prenominal demonstratives occur when the head of the movement chain is pronounced, while postnominal demonstratives are the result of two factors: first, the pronunciation of the tail rather than the head of the demonstrative’s movement chain, and second, the noun undergoing a last resort p-movement, adjoining to DemP. The different patterning is motivated via meaning differences in the corresponding patterns, appealing to the differences in the featural makeup of demonstratives. Pragmatic information, said here to be a contrastive focus feature, is posited on some demonstratives while not on others, yielding the different ordering and also a different interpretation. The variable nature of demonstratives cross-linguistically is also discussed.
DresdenFallbogenContours as an Example of Regionalized German Intonation
Authors: Selting Margret 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBased on data from a Mid-German dialect area of Dresden, this article presents research on the structure and functions of regionalized intonation. The Dresden data comes from informal conversation-like settings and illustrates a contour that is typical of the Dresden city vernacular: a contour previously named and described as the DresdenFallbogen. An analysis of the phonetic forms and phonological structures of the contour is provided, and its use and function in conversational interactions is described. Additional methods of investigating the perception and identification of these contours by subjects in an experimental setting are also given. The article concludes with remarks about the possible relevance of this contour as a signal of identity.
Sociolinguistic Style: A Multidimensional Resource for Shared Identity Creation
Authors: Moore Emma 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTraditional accounts of style isolate individual variables and situate their use along a formality scale. Because it abstractly represents speaker interaction, this approach imposes a taxonomic distinction between stylistic and social constraints. By focussing on single variables in isolation, such accounts wrench individual variables out of the context that defines them. Recent accounts of style recognise the context-dependency of social meaning. We must therefore consider how a particular combination of linguistic and extralinguistic resources interact to produce an overall style that subsumes the traditional style/social constraint distinction. I explore how the styles created by a community of girls function to produce a system of distinction (Irvine 2001) in their high school, by considering how each group uses morphosyntactic and discourse-related variables to define themselves in relation to other social groups. The analysis reveals that sociolinguistic meaning is never achieved by a single group in isolation, but is the consequence of a collaborative negotiation of available resources.
Affixes at the Edge
Authors: Di Sciullo Anna Maria 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article shows how affixal scope and precedence relations fall out in a natural way from properties of the computational system. Using Asymmetry Theory (Di Sciullo 2005), it is proposed that: (i) roots and affixes form minimal trees; (ii) minimal trees compose with each other to form morphological phases; (iii) features of a morphological phase edge that are legible at Phonetic Form (PF) determine affix-root linearization; and (iv) ordering of affixes relative to each other follows the Hierarchy of Homogeneous Projections, which constrains scope relations at Logical Form (LF). Three languages are considered: English (which has prefixing and suffixing), Yekhee (strongly prefixal), and Turkish (strongly suffixal). The findings presented here support a parallel model of grammar: morphological derivations (DM) parallel syntactic derivations (DS), with restricted interactions between them.
Perspectives sur le changement linguistique : aux sources du français canadien
Authors: Martineau France 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article examines the origins of Canadian French, focusing on it morphosyntax. This approach compares written sources, both literary and non-literary, for the 19th century, to oral sources, for the middle and end of the 20th century. While it is still possible to use oral sources from the 20th century as a baseline for written sources from the end of the 19th century, this approach is more problematic for earlier centuries. The negative adverbspasetpointare examined on the basis of a corpus of old Canadian French, and it is shown that the progression ofpaswith respect topointwas more rapid in the context of verbal negation than in the context of argument negation in France, in New France, and in Canada. During the 18th century, even though the progression ofpas, as compared topoint, is parallel in France and in New France, it is nevertheless the case that certain regions of France that served as sources of immigration to Canada as well as certain social groups in New France usepointmore frequently. The 19th century sees a progression and a uniformization of the variantpasacross all social classes in Quebec. In Ontario, the variantpointwas conserved until a later date in its southern border region.
That Crazy Idea of Hers: The English Double Genitive as Focus Construction
Authors: Abel Jennifer 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPreviously, no single analysis has accounted for all three subtypes of the English double genitive construction: the indefinite (a book of John’s), the definite (the book of John’s that you read), and the demonstrative (that book of John’s). Phonetic and pragmatic evidence discussed in the literature—for example, stress and familiarity/importance to the discourse participants—indicates that the demonstrative construction is a focus construction, bringing the possessed item into a prominent position in the discourse. The application of the Focus Hypothesis to all double genitives is empirically supported and is consistent with theoretical considerations having to do with the function of relative clauses and distributional differences between double genitives and standard partitives.
Southeastern French Nasal Vowels: Perceptual and Acoustic Elements
Authors: Violin-Wigent Anne 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article describes the realization of nasal vowels in the southeast of France. Southeastern French retains four nasal vowels, contrary to more innovative varieties of French. The perceptual analysis based on eight participants shows that, for most of the instances of each of the four nasal vowels, the pronunciation is different from that of Reference French. Additionally, these nasal vowels are followed by a nasal closure in about 10% of cases, especially in front of a pause or stop. The perceptual analysis is supplemented by an acoustic description, based on two speakers, one male and one female. The acoustic description gives support to the perceptual analysis, showing the existence of the nasal closure and the realization of /ã/ as [ã],as [ẽ], and /õ/ as.
Canadian Raising Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: Chambers J.K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCanadian Raising, which makes allophonic variants of the low diphthongs /ai/ and /au/, is evaluated with respect to its diachronic, geographic, and synchronic status. Its origins have been established by documentary evidence from 1934. However, comparative dialect evidence from the Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada pushes the origins back to the second half of the 19th century. Raising of /ai/ in the northern United States turns out to be different from Canadian Raising, though they overlap. Sociolinguistic studies of (aw)-Fronting in 1980 showed a tendency for fronted onsets to be unraised. Though this was statistically insignificant, any strengthening would threaten the existence of Canadian Raising. Subsequent research shows that the tendency was accidental.
An English “like no other”?: Language Contact and Change in Quebec
Authors: Poplack Shana , Walker James A. , Malcolmson Rebecca 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough the received wisdom is that English in Quebec, as a minority language, has undergone contact-induced language change, little scientific evidence has been brought to bear on this claim. We describe a project designed to assess the impact of a majority language on the structure of the minority language in a situation of long-term contact. The existence and directionality of change is assessed by comparing the behaviour of linguistic phenomena (1) over (apparent) time, (2) according to intensity of contact, and (3) against French as a non-contact benchmark and putative source. We detail the methods employed in selecting a sample and constituting a corpus, and characterize the speakers and aspects of their speech. Finally, we present an analysis of the sociolinguistic situation of the Quebec anglophone community, and offer an empirical measure of the impact of the French lexicon on Quebec English.
Nuuchahnulth Double Reduplication and Stratal Optimality Theory
Authors: Stonham John 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMultiple reduplication is rare: the most often cited case is that of Salish double reduplication, which has been analyzed within the framework of Optimality Theory. For this reason, the simple and double reduplication processes found in Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) have theoretically interesting consequences for current models of morphology. This article demonstrates that Nuuchahnulth double reduplication challenges the standard, parallelist optimality theoretic account. An alternative analysis in terms of Stratal Optimality Theory is presented: the multistratal model is argued to be superior to the mono-stratal one, as the latter misses generalizations and fails to make correct predictions.
The Acquisition of English Word-Final Consonants by Cantonese ESL Learners in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Alice Y.W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the acquisition of English word-final consonants by Hong Kong Cantonese learners of English as a second language and assesses the validity of the Markedness Differential Hypothesis for second language phonology acquisition by these learners. Twelve participants and three native speakers performed four speech tasks: reading a word list, reading three passages, describing pictures, and participating in a conversational interview. The results show that: (i) word-finally, more non-target laterals were produced than voiceless obstruents; and (ii) non-target productions of voiced obstruents were the highest. We argue that the Markedness Differential Hypothesis does not explain the acquisition of English word-final singleton consonants by Cantonese ESL learners in Hong Kong. We conclude that markedness alone cannot be used as a predictor for the relative difficulty of acquiring the target segments of a second language.
Les questions multiples : le débat continue
Authors: Liakin Denis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this article we offer an alternative analysis of multiple questions in Russian that is not only related to topic and focus, but also to other discourse factors. The characteristics that put Russian is the same group as Chinese and Japanese also apply to other multiple wh fronting languages such as Bulgarian, Romanian, and Serbo-Croatian, which, according to previous classification, belong to two different groups. We argue that multiple wh fronting languages can be classified on the basis of the presence of a functional category D-WhP in the left periphery of the matrix or embedded clause. This category is related to the discourse and the speaker’s intentions—one of the wh phrases is more important to the speakers than the others.
Prosodic Phase and Left-to-Right Structure Building
Authors: Shiobara Kayono 
Published: February 2018

AbstractI consider the empirical domain constituted by word order alternations in the verbal domain in English and Japanese. Based on the observation of prosodic properties of these alternations, a derivational analysis of the syntax-prosody interface is proposed in the context of a model of grammar in which linearization is determined by core syntax and the syntax-prosody interface. This approach crucially posits, and hence gives independent support for, two auxiliary assumptions: incremental structure building in the grammar and multiple spell-out into the phonological component.
Asymmetric Merge and Parataxis
Authors: de Vries Mark 
Published: February 2018

AbstractI argue that syntactic structure encodes three types of asymmetries. The first corresponds to the asymmetry between mother and daughters nodes that is called dominance, that is, syntactic hierarchy. The second is the selectional asymmetry between sister nodes, which is translated into the precedence relation in the phonological component. The third, calledbehindance, is an alternative to dominance, and corresponds to parataxis. Parenthesis, coordination, and apposition are analyzed on the basis of behindance. In our derivational model of grammar it is defined as a special type of inclusion that blocks c-command. It follows that parenthetic material can neither move toward the matrix, nor be bound by a constituent from the matrix.
La construction des représentations linguistiques : le cas de l’Acadie
Authors: Boudreau Annette 
Published: February 2018

RésuméCe texte traite de la construction des représentations linguistiques en Acadie en partant de l’analyse des articles de presse publiés dans deux journaux importants, soitL’Évangéline(1887–1982) et leMoniteur Acadien(1867–1926). L’accent est placé sur trois périodes clés de l’histoire acadienne, la première s’étalant de 1880 à 1910, la deuxième de 1950 à 1967, et la troisième de 1970 à 1973, périodes choisies en fonction de leur importance à illustrer les moments forts de la construction de l’espace social acadien. L’article décrit d’abord les principales idéologies linguistiques trouvées dans les éditoriaux et les lettres d’opinions du lecteur, puis s’attarde à la période contemporaine et montre comment les discours sur les pratiques linguistiques se sont diversifiés. Les différentes stratégies mises de l’avant par les artistes sont présentées. Ceux-ci participent à la construction de nouvelles façons d’appréhender les pratiques linguistiques qu’ils voient plurielles et polyvalentes.
LesRécits du français québécois d’autrefois: reflet du parler vernaculaire du 19e siècle
Authors: Poplack Shana , St-Amand Anne 
Published: February 2018

RésuméLe présent article décrit la constitution d’un corpus de français oral, baptisé lesRécits du français québécois d’autrefois(RFQ), qui comprend des contes, des légendes et des entrevues recueillis auprès de locuteurs nés entre 1846 et 1895. Leur parler est celui du Québec rural du 19e siècle; il montre la variabilité inhérente et les structures vernaculaires caractéristiques des dialectes d’aujourd’hui. Nous examinons les avantages et les inconvénients de ces données diachroniques et montrons que, si elles sont utilisées judicieusement, elles représentent effectivement un stade antérieur du français québécois, avant son contact intense avec l’anglais. À ce titre, elles constituent un point de repère pour situer les traits linguistiques actuels. À partir d’une étude de cas de l’élision dune, nous montrons comment une comparaison systématique entre les RFQ et le parler vernaculaire contemporain peut servir à repérer un changement linguistique, à le dater et à suivre son acheminement.
Quantification et microvariation : les adjectifs de dimension spatiale
Authors: Vinet Marie-Thérèse 
Published: February 2018

RésuméCette étude en microvariation porte sur des constructions nominales quantifiées (Elle a pas long de jupe) impliquant des adjectifs de dimension spatiale en français québécois et examine comment elles se distinguent de celles avec le quantificateurbeaucoup. Après une brève description des faits, je propose une structure sous-jacente pour ces constructions et une analyse des propriétés reférentielles des N que ces adjectifs quantifient : N de masse, N collectifs, N d’Espèces au singulier et quelquefois au pluriel avec certains adjectifs quantificateurs seulement, mais jamais des Individualités. Sont aussi abordées les restrictions sur la modification et les restrictions aspectuelles qu’elles manifestent. J’en viens à la conclusion que la microvariation observée est minime. Elle est le résultat d’une interaction entre les propriétés lexicales de ces adjectifs de dimension et les principes de la Grammaire universelle.
Introduction
Authors: Paul Ileana 
Published: February 2018

This issue addresses questions surrounding predication. Predication is typically defined as making a claim or statement — that is, saying something that is truth-evaluable. The canonical manner of achieving predication would appear to be the sentence, made up of a noun phrase (NP), e.g., [NpSandy] and a verb phrase (VP), e.g., [vpplays the fiddle].Two central questions arise concerning this basic view of predication. The first has to do with what varieties predication comes in. The second is about various ways of achieving predication.
Forms of predication in Sakha (Turkic): Will the true lexical predicates please stand up?
Authors: Baker Mark C. , Vinokurova Nadezda 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Turkic language Sakha (Yakut) uses a copular verb with predicate nominals but not with predicate adjectives or verbs in certain environments, including relative clauses, nominalized clauses, and complements to nouns. Previous work takes this as evidence that adjectives but not nouns are true one-place predicates. However, unaccusativity diagnostics show that adjectives pattern with nouns in Sakha, as in other languages: neither is inherently predicative without a predicative functional head. The need for a copula with predicate nominais in certain environments can be explained using Richards’s distinctiveness condition. Relative clauses, noun complements, and nominalization structures all bring a nominal head in close contact with the predicate. If the predicate itself is nominal, a verbal copula must intervene to separate the predicate from the embedding head of the same category.
Where does predication come from?
Authors: Gil David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPredication is widely considered to be a fundamental feature of human language and conceptual structure. This article offers a reassessment of the central role that predication plays within current theories of grammar, by calling into question the universality of predication and its nature as a primitive, irreducible notion. It proposes a new definition ofpredicate, as a complex emergent entity derived from the alignment of two independent elements of conceptual structure: thematic role assignment and headedness.
La source du déterminant agglutiné en créole haïtien
Authors: Ndayiragije Juvénal 
Published: February 2018

En créole haïtien (CH), l’agglutination du déterminant dans certains items lexicaux empruntés au français réalise des paires minimales révélant dans la plupart des cas une distinction sémantique évidente entre la forme à déterminant préfixé et sa correspondante non agglutinée. Ceci est illustré dans l’opposition établie entre listoua ‘histoire’ et istoua ‘une histoire’. Quelle est la source d’un tel type de distinction?Pour Baker (1984, 1986), la fréquence d’apparition d’un article particulier devant certains noms du français plutôt que d’autres constitue une condition préliminaire ayant favorisé l’agglutination du déterminant. L’influence de la structure morphologique des langues sources permet, quant à elle, d’expliquer l’inégale répartition de ce phénomène dans les différents créoles à base lexicale française.
Instrumental Take-Serial Constructions in Haitian and in Fon
Authors: Lefebvre Claire 
Published: February 2018

Since the paper by Jansen et al (1978), it is a well-known fact that serializing languages divide into two major groups: those which have Take-serial constructions and those which don’t. Haitian creole has Take-serial constructions, as exemplified in (l):(1)Jan pran kabrit ale nan macheJohn take goat go in market‘John brought the goat in the market.’Among the languages which have Take-serial constructions, languages further divide into two groups: those which have instrumental Take constructions and those which do not. An example of an instrumental Take-serial construction is provided in (2). In these constructions, the subject of the second verb is interpreted as the instrument of the complex predicate formed by the series of verbs.
Syntax: Autonomous or Meaning Motivated?
Authors: Hirtle Walter H. 
Published: February 2018

… on ne peut rien savoir de scientifiquement valable concernant les actes d’expression si l’on n’a fait préalablement l’étude des actes de représentation dont ils émanent. (Gustave Guillaume 1954:28)Perhaps the most remarkable trait of human language is the way it adapts spontaneously to the particular experience the speaker wants to express. Thanks to our mother tongue, the linguistic means are available to render more or less faithfully whatever we intend to communicate regardless of the particular nature or quality of the message. This is remarkable first of all because, in itself, raw experience is strictly private and incommunicable, a fact Northrop Frye (1971:124) depicts quite vividly in the following passage:
… it is clear that all verbal structures with meaning are verbal imitations of that elusive psychological and physiological process known as thought, a process stumbling through emotional entanglements, sudden irrational convictions, involuntary gleams of insight, rationalized prejudices, and blocks of panic and inertia, finally to reach a completely incommunicable intuition.