bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in OLED Optical Design
Authors: Salehi Amin , Fu Xiangyu , Shin Dong‐Hun , So Franky 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have become a mainstream display technology in consumer electronics. Self‐emitting ability, transparency, true dark tone, and capability of being made flexible are some of the features of OLED displays, leading to a superior performance compared with liquid crystal displays. In addition to displays, OLEDs are also a strong candidate for lighting applications. Despite great advances in improving the internal quantum efficiency of an OLED to nearly 100%, the external quantum efficiency is still lacking behind due to optical losses. This review reports the latest advances in the optical design of OLEDs that address the external coupling efficiency of OLEDs. Discussed at first are the fundamentals of OLED optics and how the refractive indices of different layers in an OLED stack affect the extraction efficiency. Then, this paper reviews how microlens arrays, scattering layers, and corrugated structures can be used to recover the optical losses and improve the external efficiency, and the general optical designs for different optical structures for light extraction are presented.
Low‐Voltage Operational, Low‐Power Consuming, and High Sensitive Tactile Switch Based on 2D Layered InSe Tribotronics
Authors: Li Mengjiao , Yang Feng‐Shou , Hsiao Yung‐Chi , Lin Che‐Yi , Wu Hsing‐Mei , Yang Shih‐Hsien , Li Hao‐Ruei , Lien Chen‐Hsin , Ho Ching‐Hwa , Liu Heng‐Jui , Li Wenwu , Lin Yen‐Fu , Lai Ying‐Chih 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectronics based on layered indium selenide (InSe) channels exhibit promising carrier mobility and switching characteristics. Here, an InSe tribotronic transistor (denoted as w/In InSe T‐FET) obtained through the vertical combination of an In‐doped InSe transistor and triboelectric nanogenerator is demonstrated. The w/In InSe T‐FET can be operated by adjusting the distance between two triboelectrification layers, which generates a negative electrostatic potential that serves as a gate voltage to tune the charge carrier transport behavior of the InSe channel. Benefiting from the surface charging doping of the In layer, the w/In InSe T‐FET exhibits high reliability and sensitivity with a large on/off current modulation of 106 under a low drain–source voltage of 0.1 V and external frictional force. To demonstrate its function as a power‐saving tactile sensor, the w/In InSe T‐FET is used to sense “INSE” in Morse code and power on a light‐emitting diode. This work reveals the promise of 2D material–based tribotronics for use in nanosensors with low power consumption as well as in intelligent systems.
Advancing Frontiers in Bone Bioprinting
Authors: Ashammakhi Nureddin , Hasan Anwarul , Kaarela Outi , Byambaa Batzaya , Sheikhi Amir , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cell‐laden biomaterials is used to fabricate constructs that can mimic the structure of native tissues. The main techniques used for 3D bioprinting include microextrusion, inkjet, and laser‐assisted bioprinting. Bioinks used for bone bioprinting include hydrogels loaded with bioactive ceramics, cells, and growth factors. In this review, a critical overview of the recent literature on various types of bioinks used for bone bioprinting is presented. Major challenges, such as the vascularity, clinically relevant size, and mechanical properties of 3D printed structures, that need to be addressed to successfully use the technology in clinical settings, are discussed. Emerging approaches to solve these problems are reviewed, and future strategies to design customized 3D printed structures are proposed.
Graphene on Group‐IV Elementary Semiconductors: The Direct Growth Approach and Its Applications
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hyun , Kang Seog‐Gyun , Jang Hyeon‐Sik , Moon Ji‐Yun , Whang Dongmok 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the first development of large‐area graphene synthesis by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in 2009, CVD‐graphene has been considered to be a key material in the future electronics, energy, and display industries, which require transparent, flexible, and stretchable characteristics. Although many graphene‐based prototype applications have been demonstrated, several important issues must be addressed in order for them to be compatible with current complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐based manufacturing processes. In particular, metal contamination and mechanical damage, caused by the metal catalyst for graphene growth, are known to cause severe and irreversible deterioration in the performance of devices. The most effective way to solve the problems is to grow the graphene directly on the semiconductor substrate. Herein, recent advances in the direct growth of graphene on group‐IV semiconductors are reviewed, focusing mainly on the growth mechanism and initial growth behavior when graphene is synthesized on Si and Ge. Furthermore, recent progress in the device applications of graphene with Si and Ge are presented. Finally, perspectives for future research in graphene with a semiconductor are discussed.
Electro‐chemomechanical Contribution to Mechanical Actuation in Gd‐Doped Ceria Membranes
Authors: Mishuk Eran , Ushakov Andrei , Makagon Evgeniy , Cohen Sidney R. , Wachtel Ellen , Paul Tanmoy , Tsur Yoed , Shur Vladimir Ya. , Kholkin Andrei , Lubomirsky Igor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGd‐doped ceria (CGO), one of the most extensively studied oxygen ion conductors, is a low dielectric constant/low mechanical compliance material exhibiting large nonclassical electrostriction. The electromechanical response of the micro‐electromechanical devices with CGO films as an active material described previously can not be attributed exclusively to electrostriction. Here it is shown that, below 1 Hz, in addition to electrostriction (second‐harmonic response), there is a strong contribution of the electro‐chemomechanical effect (ECM, first harmonic response). ECM is the change in mechanical dimensions of ionic and mixed ionic‐electronic conductors as a result of a change in chemical composition induced by an electric field. In batteries, the presence of ECM is highly detrimental. In ceria at room temperature, it was considered to be negligible because of slow oxygen diffusion. This work demonstrates ECM actuation at ambient temperature and moderate electric field (<5 V µm−1). ECM‐induced strain is attributed to reversible oxidation/ reduction of TiO2 layers at the Ti‐CGO interface. At 25 °C, the ECM bending strain is 1.2 × 10−6, increasing exponentially with temperature. These data suggest that with a proper choice of materials, ECM‐type response can be a viable mechanism for mechanical actuation at ambient and also at slightly elevated temperatures.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp3)−H/N−H Cross‐Coupling of Hydrocarbons with P(O)−NH Compounds: the Accelerating Effect Induced by Carboxylic Acid Coproduct
Authors: Lei Jian , Yang Yincai , Peng Lingteng , Wu Lesong , Peng Ping , Qiu Renhua , Chen Yi , Au Chak‐Tong , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn chelation‐assisted oxidative C(sp3)−H/N−H cross coupling of hydrocarbons with P(O)−NH compounds using copper acetate as catalyst is described. The results of kinetic experiments, mechanistic studies and DFT calculations demonstrate the importance of acetic acid coproduct as an additive for promoting the formation of intermediate bis((diphenylphosphoryl)(quinolin‐8‐yl)amino)copper (6), and consequently accelerating the construction of C(sp3)−N bond. The reaction proceeded efficiently with a wide array of hydrocarbons and P(O)−NH compounds, and the rate acceleration induced by the acetic acid coproduct have been repeatedly proven. Furthermore, the efficiency of small‐scale reaction could be retained upon gram‐scale synthesis in a continuous manner.magnified image
Effect of Carrier Balance on Device Degradation of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Tanaka Masaki , Noda Hiroki , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe relatively short device lifetime of blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) when compared with the lifetimes of green and red OLEDs is one of the crucial problems that must be overcome to enable practical application of these devices to full‐color OLED displays. This work focuses on the degradation phenomena of OLEDs that are based on sky‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and clarifies the degradation mechanisms based on spectral change of the electroluminescence, which indicates the formation of electromer emission from an electron transport layer. Additionally, it is determined that the change in the carrier balance that occurs during this degradation process can be ascribed to the formation of electron traps.
Localized Traps Limited Recombination in Lead Bromide Perovskites
Authors: Fu Jianhui , Jamaludin Nur Fadilah , Wu Bo , Li Mingjie , Solanki Ankur , Ng Yan Fong , Mhaisalkar Subodh , Huan Cheng Hon Alfred , Sum Tze Chien 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTraps exert an omnipotent influence over the performance of halide perovskite optoelectronic devices. A clear understanding of the origin and nature of the traps in halide perovskites is the key to controlling them and realizing optimal devices. Herein, the role of localized traps on the optical properties of lead bromide perovskite films is investigated. In the low‐temperature orthorhombic phase of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite, band‐edge carrier dynamics exhibit a power‐law decay due to the presence of structural‐disorder‐induced localized traps, which has a depth of ≈40 meV. The continuous distribution of these localized traps gives rise to a broad sub‐band‐gap emission that becomes more prominent in thicker films with a larger trap density. The presence of this emission only from the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites points to the vital role of organic dipoles in localized trap states formation. This study explicates the nature of these localized traps as well as their nontrivial role in carrier recombination kinetics, which is of fundamental importance in perovskites optoelectronics.
Preventing crude oil adhesion using fully waterborne coatings
Authors: Wu Xu , Zhang Yichun , Liu Minhuan , Xu Xiubin , Wang Zhengping , Wyman Ian , Yang Hui , Liu Fanghui , Wang Jinben , Wu Jiazhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe petroleum industry has focused on the modification of crude oil composites to decrease their adhesion onto materials and thus facilitate oil extraction, transportation, storage, and processing. However, these methods such as heating, dilution, emulsification, or additives are often accompanied by significant costs and suffer from various limitations. Herein, we present a conceptually different coating strategy that allows many substrates to repel crude oil. The novel coating was achieved via a fully waterborne polymer crosslinkable system consisting of polymer particles, a silicone surfactant, and a melamine formaldehyde resin. Considering the unique anti‐crude‐oil‐adhesion properties, the outstanding physical and chemical stability, as well as the green and industrially‐viable process involved, we anticipate that this coating can provide a promising starting point toward the functionalization of the surfaces of equipment or pipelines that are routinely exposed to crude oils.
Auto‐Oxidation‐Induced Construction of Isatins from Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Min Wenjian , Li Haitao , Quan Zhengjun , Yang Caixia , Huo Congde 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn oxygenation approach to isatins via an auto‐oxidation/intramolecular annulation tandem reaction of glycine derivatives is described. This transformation provides a metal‐free protocol for the preparation of isatin derivatives, which are important structural motifs widely found in organic molecules with various functions and privileged units for the synthesis of complex heterocycles. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions and requires only Brønsted acid and oxygen.
A Photoswitchable Agonist for the Histamine H3 Receptor, a Prototypic Family A G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor
Authors: Hauwert Niels J. , Mocking Tamara A. M. , Da Costa Pereira Daniel , Lion Ken , Huppelschoten Yara , Vischer Henry F. , De Esch Iwan J. P. , Wijtmans Maikel , Leurs Rob 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpatiotemporal control over biochemical signaling processes involving G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) is highly desired for dissecting their complex intracellular signaling. We developed sixteen photoswitchable ligands for the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R). Upon illumination, key compound 65 decreases its affinity for the hH3R by 8.5‐fold and its potency in hH3R‐mediated Gi protein activation by over 20‐fold, with the trans and cis isomer both acting as full agonist. In real‐time two‐electrode voltage clamp experiments in Xenopus oocytes, 65 shows rapid light‐induced modulation of hH3R activity. Ligand 65 shows good binding selectivity amongst the histamine receptor subfamily and has good photolytic stability. In all, 65 (VUF15000) is the first photoswitchable GPCR agonist confirmed to be modulated through its affinity and potency upon photoswitching while maintaining its intrinsic activity, rendering it a new chemical biology tool for spatiotemporal control of GPCR activation.
Blinking Beats Bleaching: The Control of Superoxide Generation by Photo‐ionized Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Chouhan Lata , Ghimire Sushant , Biju Vasudevanpillai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMoisture‐ or oxidation‐induced degradation is a major challenge in the advancement of perovskites‐based technology. The oxidation is caused by electron transfer from a photo‐excited perovskite nanocrystal to oxygen and the formation of superoxide that disintegrates the perovskite structure. In air, the emission intensity of a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite nanocrystal continuously decreases, whereas a nanocrystal in argon or a polymer shows exceptionally stable emission intensity. Surprisingly, in air, the emission intensity of a nanocrystal with long‐lived OFF states completely recovers after the OFF state. This property, along with the rate of non‐radiative relaxation that exceeds the rate of electron transfer suggest that the perovskite nanocrystals produce and react with superoxide in the excited neutral state, but not in the ionized state. In other words, the ultrafast non‐radiative relaxation in the ionized state hinders electron transfer to oxygen and prevents oxidation of perovskites.
Slurry characteristics and mechanism analysis of petroleum coke–coal water slurry
Authors: Wang Shuang‐Ni , Liu Jian‐Zhong , Wang Yi , Li Ning , Cen Ke‐Fa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPetroleum coke–coal slurry (PCCS) was prepared by blending sub‐bituminous coal with petroleum coke in different proportions. The rheology and stability of PCCS were studied, and the mechanism of dispersion and stability was analyzed. Results show that with the increase of the mass ratio of petroleum coke to Shenhua coal (α) in PCCS, the apparent viscosity of the slurry gradually increases, and the stability of the slurry decreases. Moreover, the contact angle also increases, indicating that the surface hydrophobicity was increased. When the α is 3:7, the fixed viscosity concentration of PCCS is above 60%, the fixed viscosity flow characteristic index is below 0.9, and the fixed segregation water rate is below 5%. Blending petroleum coke with Shenhua coal takes advantage of the complementary properties of the two materials and obtains PCCS with high concentration and improved stability.
Liquefied petroleum gas recovery enhancement via retrofitting the refrigeration system of an existing natural gas liquid plant
Authors: Shehata Walaa M. , Bhran Ahmed A. , Shoaib Abeer M. , Ibrahim Ashour A. , Gad Fatma K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNowadays, gas processing for natural gas liquids (NGLs) recovery is becoming of great interest. However, many of the present NGLs recovery units in operation do not give the desired revenue. This study focuses on the retrofitting of an existing NGLs plant constructed in Egypt for maximizing LPG product recovery due to its high economic value. Various alternatives have been suggested to maximize LPG recovery, while achieving the same cooling target and ethane recovery in terms of power consumption and additional capital cost. The economic study shows that replacing the existing pure propane refrigerant used to recover C5+ (pentane and heavier) in the existing plant by a mixed refrigerant type is the best retrofitting technique. Furthermore, the exergy of the whole NGL unit was studied to evaluate the exergetic performance of all suggested upgrading methods. Regarding the upgraded plant, the butanes and propane recoveries were increased by 13% and 7%, respectively, with 15.95% increase in LPG overall recovery. In addition, the solutions of operational problems that may appear in the glycol injection system, propane refrigeration facilities, and de‐ethanizer unit facilities when switching from single refrigerant to mixed refrigerant have been taken into consideration.
PVA/TEOS crosslinked membranes incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles and sodium alginate to improve reverse osmosis performance for desalination
Authors: Raza Muhammad Asim , Islam Atif , Sabir Aneela , Gull Nafisa , Ali Israr , Mehmood Rashid , Bae Jinho , Hassan Gul , Khan Muhammad Umair 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPure water is becoming less available with increases in world population, so seawater desalination is becoming more important. For efficient seawater desalination, this paper proposes a novel mixed matrix membrane (MMM) based on the deposition of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous active layer on a 3‐triethoxysilylpropylamine‐functionalized cellulose acetate substrate. The active layer is fabricated by utilizing a tetraethyl orthosilicate–crosslinked PVA incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) and sodium alginate (NaAlg). The overall reverse osmosis performance of the MMMs is enhanced by the infusion of ZnO‐NPs and NaAlg in PVA; we find the optimum concentration for the best performance to be ZnO‐NPs at 0.1 wt % and NaAlg at 0.01 wt %. In terms of permeation flux, salt rejection, salt passage, stability, long‐term rejection, membrane antifouling, reusability, and chlorine resistance, the proposed MMMs are examined using a dead‐end reverse osmosis filtration setup. The results show that the active layer achieves an optimal permeation flux of 34.6 L/m2 h, a natural sea salt rejection of 97%, and a chlorine resistance of 93%, suggesting that the proposed MMMs can be useful for seawater desalination. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47559.
Structure and inhibition properties of a new amine‐terminated hyperbranched oligomer shale inhibitor
Authors: Wang Hao , Pu Xiaolin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTTo inhibit the hydration and dispersion of shale in drilling, a new amine‐terminated hyperbranched oligomer (HBO‐NH2) shale inhibitor was synthesized. Compared with linear polymer inhibitors and inorganic salts, HBO‐NH2 possessed a unique hyperbranched structure and plenty of amine groups. The characterization of HBO‐NH2 was done through the aid of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy, and time of flight mass spectrum. Upon thermogravimetric analysis, HBO‐NH2 demonstrated favorable thermal stability below 180 °C. As a shale inhibitor, the interlayer spacing of wet bentonite treated with HBO‐NH2 was significantly reduced from 1.9070 to 1.3422 nm in X‐ray diffraction analysis. The recovery rate of shale cuttings reached the highest (76.85%) at 120 °C, when the concentration of HBO‐NH2 was 3 wt %. Due to the adsorption of protonated primary amine groups on bentonite particles, the zeta potential absolute value of bentonite base slurry was maintained in a relatively low range of 5–10 mV after HBO‐NH2 treatment. Also, FTIR analysis suggested that hydrogen bonds existed between bentonite and HBO‐NH2. In scanning electron microscope analysis, the inhibition of HBO‐NH2 was observed by the curl degree of bentonite. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47573.
Multinozzle high efficiency electrospinning with the constraint of sheath gas
Authors: Zheng Gaofeng , Jiang Jiaxin , Chen Dongyang , Liu Juan , Liu Yifang , Zheng Jianyi , Wang Xiang , Li Wenwang 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, sheath gas is introduced to design a novel multinozzle spinneret to improve the productivity of uniform nanofibers. The sheath gas in laminar flow provides an additional stretching force to overcome the mutual interferences among the nozzles, thus the simultaneous ejection of multiple jets is promoted. In addition, the sheath gas also contributes to the decrease of the diameter and the diameter distribution range of nanofibers. With the constraint of sheath gas, the productivity of nanofibers is 0.618‐0.712 g·h−1, which is about 30‐50 times as high as that from traditional electrospinning. The dynamic properties of the gas–liquid surface are investigated as well. A bead‐on‐strain model based on Maxwell theory is built up to study the motion and rheology behaviors of multiple jets, and the simulation results verify the experimental results well. The proposed method will accelerate the industrial applications of uniform electrospun nanofibrous membrane. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47574.
Production and investigation of structure and properties of polyethylene–polylactide composites
Authors: Rogovina Svetlana , Prut Eduard , Aleksanyan Kristine , Krasheninnikov Vadim , Perepelitsyna Evgeniya , Shashkin Dmitrii , Ivanushkina Natalya , Berlin Aleksandr 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTUnder conditions of shear deformations, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and polylactide (PLA) composites are obtained in rotor disperser. The production of these composites allows one to use polymers derived from natural raw and to reduce the cost of the materials on their base. The addition of rigid PLA leads to increase in elastic modulus from 200 for LDPE to 1190 for LDPE–PLA (50:50 wt %) composites and in tensile strength from 13.3 for LDPE to 17.8 for LDPE–PLA. By differential scanning calorimetry method, it is shown that LDPE and PLA are incompatible. Using X‐ray diffraction analysis, it is found that degree of crystallinity of composites decreases from 46.1 at 50:50 wt % to 36.9 at 80:20 wt % component ratios with the rise in LDPE content. Tests on fungus resistance show that the composites containing 50 wt % PLA are more resistant than the composites containing 30 wt % PLA. First by gel‐permeation chromatography method, it is shown that composite degradation after exposure in soil is accompanied by the PLA chain scission and depolymerization with formation of monomers and dimers (M
w of PLA decreases from 118,860 to 80,100). The obtained composites can be applied as packaging materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47598.