bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of fluid administration during exploratory laparotomy for abdominal trauma
Authors: Baker Jennifer E , Martin Grace E , Katsaros Gianna , Lewis Hannah V , Wakefield Connor J , Josephs Sean A , Nomellini Vanessa , Makley Amy T , Goodman Michael D 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundApproximately 8% of traumatically injured patients require transfusion with packed red blood cells (pRBC) and only 1% to 2% require massive transfusion. Intraoperative massive transfusion was defined as requiring greater than 5 units (u) of pRBC in 4 hours. Despite the majority of patients not requiring transfusion, the appropriate amount and type of crystalloid administered during the era of damage control resuscitation have not been analyzed. We sought to determine the types of crystalloid used during trauma laparotomies and the potential effects on resuscitation.MethodsPatients who underwent laparotomy after abdominal trauma from January 2014 to December 2016 at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center were identified. Patients were grouped based on requiring 0u, 1u to 4u, and ≥5u pRBC during intraoperative resuscitation. Demographic, physiologic, pharmacologic, operative, and postoperative data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.ResultsLactated Ringer’s (LR) solution was the most used crystalloid type received in the 0u and 1u to 4u pRBC cohorts, whereas normal saline (NS) was the most common in the ≥5u pRBC cohort. Most patients received two types of crystalloid intraoperatively. NS and LR were most frequently the first crystalloids administered, with Normosol infusion occurring later. The amount of crystalloid received correlated with operative length, but did not correlate with the estimated blood loss. Neither the type of crystalloid administered nor the anesthesia provider type was associated with changes in postoperative resuscitation parameters or electrolyte concentrations.DiscussionThere is a wide variation in the amount and types of crystalloids administered during exploratory laparotomy for trauma. Interestingly, the amount or type of crystalloid given did not affect resuscitation parameters regardless of blood product requirement.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Overexpression of IL-11 promotes premalignant gastric epithelial hyperplasia in isolation from germline gp130-JAK-STAT driver mutations
Authors: Buzzelli Jon N. , O’Connor Louise , Scurr Michelle , Chung Nien Chin Sharleen , Catubig Angelique , Ng Garrett Z. , Oshima Masanobu , Oshima Hiroko , Giraud Andrew S. , Sutton Philip , Judd Louise M. , Menheniott Trevelyan R. 
Published: December 2018

Expression of the cytokine IL-11 is elevated in human Helicobacter pylori infection and progressively increases with worsening gastric pathology. Additionally, IL-11 is required for tumor development in STAT3-dependent murine models of gastric cancer (GC) and, when administered acutely, causes resolving atrophic gastritis. However, it is unclear whether locally elevated IL-11 ligand expression can, in isolation from oncogenic gp130-JAK-STAT pathway mutations, initiate GC pathogenesis. Here we developed a transgenic mouse model of stomach-specific (keratin 19 promoter) IL-11 ligand overexpression. Keratin 19 promoter-IL-11 transgenic ( K19-IL11Tg) mice showed specific IL-11 overexpression in gastric corpus and antrum but not elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract or in other tissues. K19-IL11Tgmice developed spontaneous premalignant disease of the gastric epithelium, progressing from atrophic gastritis to TFF2-positive metaplasia and severe epithelial hyperplasia, including adenoma-like lesions in a subset of older (1 yr old) animals. Although locally advanced, the hyperplastic lesions remained noninvasive. H. pylori infection in K19-IL11Tgmice accelerated some aspects of the premalignant phenotype. Finally, K19-IL11Tgmice had splenomegaly in association with elevated serum IL-11, with spleens showing an expanded myeloid compartment. Our results provide direct in vivo functional evidence that stomach-specific overexpression of IL-11, in isolation from germline gp130-JAK-STAT3 genetic drivers, is sufficient for premalignant progression. These findings have important functional implications for human GC, in which frequent IL-11 overexpression occurs in the reported absence of somatic mutations in gp130 signaling components.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide direct in vivo functional evidence that stomach-specific overexpression of the cytokine IL-11, in isolation from gp130-JAK-STAT3 pathway mutations, can trigger spontaneous atrophic gastritis progressing to locally advanced epithelial hyperplasia (but not dysplasia or carcinoma), which does not require, but may be accelerated by, concomitant Helicobacter pylori infection.
Ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia and hypercapnia in humans with a patent foramen ovale
Authors: Davis James T. , Boulet Lindsey M. , Hardin Alyssa M. , Chang Alex J. , Lovering Andrew T. , Foster Glen E. 
Published: December 2018

Subjects with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) have blunted ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude compared with subjects without PFO. The blunted response observed could be because of differences in central and/or peripheral respiratory chemoreflexes. We hypothesized that compared with subjects without a PFO (PFO−), subjects with a PFO (PFO+) would have blunted ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia and hypercapnia. Sixteen PFO+ subjects (9 female) and 15 PFO− subjects (8 female) completed four 20-min trials on the same day: 1) normoxic hypercapnia (NH), 2) hyperoxic hypercapnia (HH), 3) isocapnic hypoxia (IH), and 4) poikilocapnic hypoxia (PH). Hypercapnic trials were completed before the hypoxic trials, the order of the hypercapnic (NH & HH) and hypoxic (IH & PH) trials were randomized, and trials were separated by ≥40 min. During the NH trials but not the HH trials subjects who were PFO+ had a blunted hypercapnic ventilatory response compared with subjects who were PFO− (1.41 ± 0.46 l·min−1·mmHg−1 vs. 1.98 ± 0.71 l·min−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.02). There were no differences between the PFO+ and PFO− subjects with respect to the acute hypoxic ventilatory response during IH and PH trials. Hypoxic ventilatory depression was similar between subjects who were PFO+ and PFO− during IH. These data suggest that compared with subjects who were PFO−, subjects who were PFO+ have normal ventilatory chemosensitivity to acute hypoxia but blunted ventilatory chemosensitivity to carbon dioxide, possibly because of reduced carbon dioxide sensitivity of either the central and/or the peripheral chemoreceptors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is found in ~25%–40% of the population. The presence of a PFO appears to be associated with blunted ventilatory responses during acute exposure to normoxic hypercapnia. The reason for this blunted ventilatory response during acute exposure to normoxic hypercapnia is unknown but may suggest differences in either central and/or peripheral chemoreflex contribution to hypercapnia.
Direct Effect of Septic Plasma in Human Cell Lines Viability
Authors: Virzì Grazia Maria , Borga Chiara , Pasqualin Chiara , Pastori Silvia , Brocca Alessandra , de Cal Massimo , Nalesso Federico , Zanella Monica , Brendolan Alessandra , Ronco Claudio 
Published: December 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Sepsis is a life-threatening condition often associated with a high incidence of multiple organs injury. Several papers suggested the immune response by itself, with the production of humoral inflammatory mediators, is crucial in determining organ injury. However, little is known of how sepsis directly induces organ injury at the cellular levels. To assess this point, we set up an in vitro study to investigate the response of renal tubular cells (RTCs), monocytes (U937) and hepatocytes (HepG2) after 24 h-incubation with septic patients’ plasma. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We enrolled 26 septic patients (“test” group). We evaluated cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis by flow cytometer. Caspase-3,-8,-9 and cytochrome-c concentrations have been analyzed using the Human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that a decrease of cell viability in all cell lines tested was associated to the increase of apoptosis in RTCs and U937 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) and increase of necrosis in HepG2 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.5). The increase of apoptosis in RTCs and U937 cells was confirmed by higher levels of caspase-3 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). We showed that apoptosis in both RTCs and U937 was triggered by the activation of the intrinsic pathway, as caspase-9 and cytochrome-c levels significantly increased (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001), while caspase-8 did not change. This assumption was strengthened by the significant correlation of caspase-9 with both cytochrome-c (<i>r</i> = 0.73 for RTCs and <i>r</i> = 0.69 for U937) and caspase-3 (<i>r</i> = 0.69 for RTCs and <i>r</i> = 0.63 for U937). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Humoral mediators in septic patients’ plasma induce apoptosis. This fact suggests that apoptosis inhibitors should be investigated as future strategy to reduce sepsis-induced organ damages.
Association of Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Variability and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Zhang Hanjie , Campos Israel , Chan Lili , Meyring-Wösten Anna , Tapia Silva Leticia M. , Rivera Fuentes Lemuel , Preciado Priscila , Thijssen Stephan , Kooman Jeroen P. , van der Sande Frank M. , Kotanko Peter 
Published: December 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO<sub>2</sub>) is correlated with cardiac output. In most patients, ScvO<sub>2</sub> declines during hemodialysis (HD) due to factors such as reduced preload, myocardial stunning, and intermittent arrhythmias. Previous research has shown that low ScvO<sub>2</sub> is associated with higher mortality in chronic HD patients. In this research, we tested the hypothesis that ScvO<sub>2</sub> variability is associated with all-cause mortality. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a retrospective study in 232 chronic HD patients with central venous catheter as vascular access. ScvO<sub>2</sub> was recorded 1× per minute during dialysis using the Crit-Line monitor. A 6-month baseline comprising at least 10 dialysis treatments with ScvO<sub>2</sub> recordings preceded a follow-up period of up to 3 years. The coefficient of variation (CV) of ScvO<sub>2</sub> (100 times the ratio of the standard deviation and mean of ScvO<sub>2</sub>) served as a measure of ScvO<sub>2</sub> stability during baseline. Patients were stratified by median population CV of ScvO<sub>2</sub> during baseline, and survival during follow-up was compared between the 2 groups by Kaplan Meier and multivariate Cox analysis. The association between CV of ScvO<sub>2</sub> and all-cause mortality during follow-up was further assessed by Cox analysis with a spline term for CV of ScvO<sub>2</sub>. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean CV ± standard deviation of ScvO<sub>2</sub> in our population was 6.1 ± 2.7% and the median was 5.3%. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.043) and multivariate Cox analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16; <i>p</i> = 0.0005) indicated that a CV of ScvO<sub>2</sub> &#x3e; 5.3% was significantly associated with increased mortality. In Cox analysis with spline term, a CV of ScvO<sub>2</sub> &#x3e; 11% was associated with a significantly increased HR for all-cause mortality. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> High ScvO<sub>2</sub> variability during dialysis is associated with increased all-cause mortality.
Efficacy of Clutch Cutter for Standardizing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Dohi Osamu , Yoshida Naohisa , Terasaki Kei , Azuma Yuka , Ishida Tsugitaka , Kitae Hiroaki , Matsumura Shinya , Ogita Kazuyuki , Takayama Shun , Mizuno Naoki , Nakano Takahiro , Hirose Ryohei , Inoue Ken , Kamada Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Takeshi , Takagi Tomohisa , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Konishi Hideyuki , Naito Yuji , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using the Clutch Cutter (CC), a scissor-type knife, compared with those of procedures using conventional devices. Methods: This single-center retrospective study evaluated 237 patients with early gastric cancer: 83 who underwent ESD using the CC group and 154 who underwent ESD using the insulated-tip knife 2 (IT2 group). Clinicopathological features and technical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups using a propensity score-matched analysis. Results: In 61 pairs of matched patients, there was no significant difference in R0 resection, perforation, or postoperative bleeding between the CC and IT2 groups. Comparisons between the 2 groups showed similar treatment outcomes for an expert endoscopist. Nevertheless, there were significant differences between the 2 groups for nonexperts in terms of self-completion (61.7 and 24.5%, respectively, p < 0.001), mean procedure times (45 and 61 min, respectively, p = 0.002), and mean numbers of intraoperative bleeding points and bleeding points requiring hemostatic forceps (3 and 0 vs. 8 and 3, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Better self-completion rates and shorter procedure times were noted for gastric ESD using the CC by nonexperts than for that using IT2, probably due to hemostatic efficacy.
Intercomparison of Mixing Layer Heights from the National Weather Service Ceilometer Test Sites and Collocated Radiosondes
Authors: Hicks Micheal , Demoz Belay , Vermeesch Kevin , Atkinson Dennis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA network of automated weather stations (AWS) with ceilometers can be used to detect sky conditions, aerosol dispersion, and mixing layer heights, in addition to the routine surface meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.). Currently, a dense network of AWSs that observe all of these parameters does not exist in the United States even though networks of them with ceilometers exist. These networks normally use ceilometers for determining only sky conditions. Updating AWS networks to obtain those nonstandard observations with ceilometers, especially mixing layer height, across the United States would provide valuable information for validating and improving weather/climate forecast models. In this respect, an aerosol-based mixing layer height detection method, called the combined-hybrid method, is developed and evaluated for its uncertainty characteristics for application in the United States. Four years of ceilometer data from the National Weather Service Ceilometer Proof of Concept Project taken in temperate, maritime polar, and hot/arid climate regimes are utilized in this evaluation. Overall, the method proved to be a strong candidate for estimating mixing layer heights with ceilometer data, with averaged uncertainties of 237 ± 398 m in all tested climate regimes and 69 ± 250 m when excluding the hot/arid climate regime.
Economic and Marketing Predictions for 1960
Authors: Schweiger Irving , Sprinkel Beryl W. 
Published: December 2018

The authors predict that … The economy should reach new peaks in 1960, but with less of an improvement than in 1959. Total disposable personal income should reach the record total of $354 billion. Prices will increase only slightly. Personal consumption expenditures will also reach new heights, with spending on durable goods leading the way. Demand for credit will be heavy. Some shrinkage of the housing market is expected. A recession seems unlikely before the latter part of 1960 at the earliest.
Would you Want Your Son to Marry a Marketing Lady?
Authors: Farmer Richard N. 
Published: December 2018

Here's how Farmer closed his article on “Would You Want Your Daughter to Marry a Marketing Man?” ten years ago: If that nice young man who has dates with your daughter turns out to be a marketing major, what would you do? I would chase him off the premises fast. Who wants his daughter to marry a huckster? Now, what do you think the ending of this article will be?
Charting New Directions for Marketing
Authors: Day George S. , Montgomery David B. 
Published: December 2018

Four fundamental issues serve to establish the identity of the field of marketing, distinguish it from other fields and disciplines, and compel further research inquiry. These issues ask (1) How do customers and consumers really behave? (2) How do markets function and evolve? (3) How do firms relate to their markets? and (4) What are the contributions of marketing to organizational performance and societal welfare? These issues also serve as the organizing framework for this special issue Although the questions posed by these fundamental issues are durable, new answers will need to be sought to accommodate the following trends and disruptions that are shaping the direction of marketing: (1) the connected knowledge economy; (2) globalizing, converging, and consolidating industries; (3) fragmenting and frictionless markets; (4) empowered customers and consumers; and (5) adaptive organizations. These new directions challenge academic marketing to provide meaningful measures, inferences, and calibration; understand functional interfaces; and rethink the role of theory.
Geospatial Analysis of Birth Records to Target Programming for Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Michigan, 2013
Authors: MacQuillan Elizabeth , Curtis Amy , Baker Kathleen , Paul Rajib 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the United States has increased during the past several decades. The objective of this study was to use birth records and a combination of statistical and geographic information system (GIS) analyses to evaluate GDM rates among subgroups of pregnant women in Michigan. Materials and Methods: We obtained data on maternal demographic and health-related characteristics and regions of residence from 2013 Michigan birth records. We geocoded (ie, matched to maternal residence) the birth data, calculated proportions of births to women with GDM, and used logistic regression models to determine predictors of GDM. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) from the exponentiated beta statistic of the logistic regression test. We also used kernel density estimations and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) analyses to determine GDM rates in regions in the state and identify GDM hot spots (ie, areas with a high GDM rate surrounded by areas with a high GDM rate). Results: We successfully geocoded 104 419 of 109 168 (95.6%) births in Michigan in 2013. Of the geocoded births, 5185 (5.0%) were to mothers diagnosed with GDM. LISA maps showed a hot spot of 8 adjacent counties with high GDM rates in southwest Michigan. Of 11 064 births in the Southwest region, 829 (7.5%) were to mothers diagnosed with GDM, the highest rate in the state and a result confirmed by geospatial analyses. Practice Applications: Birth data and GIS analyses may be used to measure statewide pregnancy-associated disease risk and identify populations and geographic regions in need of targeted public health and maternal–child health interventions.
KHL: Consulting for Managing Sales Force Attrition (B)
Authors: Nair Unnikrishnan K , Purani Keyoor 
Published: December 2018

Kalpak Healthcare Limited (KHL), a large pharmaceutical company in the southern part of India, was facing severe sales force turnover in its Life Branded Medications SBU, popularly called the Branded SBU (B-SBU). It became an issue of highest concern to the top management of KHL; so they appointed a team of consultants from a premier management school in the region to study the issue and to recommend possible solutions and strategies. Over a period of six months, the consultants conducted extensive research—studying internal company records, analysing the industry and external environment, gathering qualitative data through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions among KHL employees and executing a division wide quantitative survey labelled as Manpower Mood Meter (M3) among the field executives—to finally come up with recommendations. The Case is organized as two independent, successive ones—A and B. Case (A) describes the consultants’ engagement with KHL and ends with them pondering over the types of analyses to be done with the huge volume of data they had collected. Case (B) details the kinds of analyses they actually did and the inferences they drew. The set of recommendations that the consultants finally make to KHL top management is given in the epilogue of the teaching note. The critical value of this case lies in its ability to open up the students’ mind to the dynamic interplay of multiple factors—individual, managerial, organizational, industrial-contextual and historical—that holistically affect a phenomenon like ‘attrition’ in organizations. This could perhaps also be one of those rare cases that makes use of the principles of System Dynamics in a real, applied and combined contexts of marketing and human resource management.
Executive Insights: Perspectives for International Marketers on the Japanese Market
Authors: Reid David McHardy 
Published: December 2018

“Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others” (Kotler 1991). This definition is based on notions of: needs, wants, demands, products, utility, value, satisfaction, exchange, transactions, relationships, markets, marketing, and marketers. The need for marketers to focus on consumer behavior flows from this widely held definition. Yet, with this focus on consumers, little strategic note has been taken of the influence of key markets on other markets. For example, the United States— in particular, California— was a major influence on style and consumer tastes in the 1970s. The world witnessed the emergence of Silicon Valley and listened to Californian sounds, which were subsequently recycled through advertising and movies. The essential purpose of this article, therefore, is to highlight the importance of the Japanese market upon others and to offer a prognosis of the impact it will have.