bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological Control of Lateral Growth of the Tibetan Plateau: Numerical Results
Authors: Sun Yujun , Liu Mian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe collision and continued convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates in the past ~50 million years have raised the Tibetan Plateau, but whether or not, and how, the plateau has grown laterally remains controversial. Here we show that useful insights can be gained by studying lithospheric deformation across the front margins of the Tibetan Plateau. Crossing its northern and eastern sides where the plateau is bounded by the Tarim and Sichuan blocks, the topographic slope is steep and crustal deformation is localized near the margins of the plateau, whereas across northeastern Tibetan Plateau the topographic slope is gentle and crustal deformation is diffuse over a broad transition zone. Using a suite of two‐dimensional viscoplastic finite element models, we reproduced the major features of the two types of plateau margins with different rheological contrasts between the Tibetan Plateau and the bounding Asian blocks. Our results suggest that the bounding Asian blocks with a strong mantle lithosphere, such as the Tarim and the Sichuan Basins, have restricted the lateral growth of the Tibetan Plateau, although limited lateral expansion of the plateau can occur where the upper crust of these bounding blocks are relatively weak. Major lateral growth of the Tibetan Plateau mainly occurred northeastward, where numerous terranes with relatively weak mantle lithosphere are readily deformed and incorporated into the Tibetan Plateau. This growth front has reached the strong Alashan and Ordos blocks. Further lateral growth of the Tibetan Plateau depends on whether or not the Tibetan tectonics can weaken the mantle lithosphere of these Asian blocks.
Gravity Wave Behavior in Lower Stratosphere During Tropical Cyclones Over the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Rakshit Gargi , Jana Soumyajyoti , Maitra Animesh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGravity waves associated with tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal have been studied using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate GPS radio occultation measurements. The sources of gravity waves are located well below the tropopause where the intensity of a tropical cyclone is high. The gravity wave potential energy between 19 and 26 km shows an enhancement in the lower stratosphere during the cyclone. Intense convection associated with tropical cyclone is characterized by low outgoing longwave radiation values. The present study shows an increase in potential energy in the lower stratosphere over a storm path before the actual occurrence of cyclones. The power spectral density of gravity waves shows that the vertical wavelengths in the range 2–2.4 km carry the maximum energy in the lower stratosphere over the cyclone path.
Radio Telescope Design Optimization Using Costing Constraints: Extrapolating LOFAR Costing to the Square Kilometre Array
Authors: Boonstra Albert‐Jan , Nijboer Ronald 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper we present a methodology for creating a system design for radio telescopes based on a fixed cost budget. This methodology builds on the idea to optimize a figure of merit such as sensitivity or survey speed given a model for the scaling of the cost of the components of a radio telescope. We applied the method of Lagrange multipliers to find the optimal design and we used cost scaling models based on our experience with the construction of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) telescope. We have extrapolated the LOFAR designs to the SKA1‐Low telescope and have assessed the current SKA1‐Low design in terms of figure of merit maximization. We have shown that, in the absence of other systems constraints such as point spread function requirements, in general, the chosen designs would be more sensitive if larger bandwidths and fewer and larger antenna stations would have been chosen. We have demonstrated that costs can be explicitly incorporated in the designs without adding too much complexity, so that it still is possible to find causal relations between cost, system design, and performance.
Efficient biosynthesis of heterodimeric C3-aryl pyrroloindoline alkaloids
Authors: Tian Wenya , Sun Chenghai , Zheng Mei , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Yu Mingjia , Zhang Yanan , Peng Haidong , Zhu Dongqing , Deng Zixin , Chen Shi-Lu , Mobli Mehdi , Jia Xinying , Qu Xudong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany natural products contain the hexahydropyrrolo[2, 3-b]indole (HPI) framework. HPI containing chemicals exhibit various biological activities and distinguishable structural arrangement. This structural complexity renders chemical synthesis very challenging. Here, through investigating the biosynthesis of a naturally occurring C3-aryl HPI, naseseazine C (NAS-C), we identify a P450 enzyme (NascB) and reveal that NascB catalyzes a radical cascade reaction to form intramolecular and intermolecular carbon–carbon bonds with both regio- and stereo-specificity. Surprisingly, the limited freedom is allowed in specificity to generate four types of C3-aryl HPI scaffolds, and two of them were not previously observed. By incorporating NascB into an engineered strain of E. coli, we develop a whole-cell biocatalysis system for efficient production of NAS-C and 30 NAS analogs. Interestingly, we find that some of these analogs exhibit potent neuroprotective properties. Thus, our biocatalytic methodology offers an efficient and simple route to generate difficult HPI framework containing chemicals.
The Optimal Timing of Enterostomy Closure in Extremely Low Birth Weight Patients for Acute Abdomen
Authors: Yang Hee-Beom , Han Ji-Won , Youn Joong Kee , Oh Chaeyoun , Kim Hyun-Young , Jung Sung Eun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere are few reports on enterostomy closure (EC) timing for acute abdomen in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) patients. We retrospectively reviewed ELBW patients who underwent enterostomy formation (EF) and subsequent EC. We investigated baseline characteristics, surgical outcomes, and follow-up data of 55 patients and analyzed optimal timing by age at EC, enterostomy duration, and body weight (Bwt) at EC. The minimum p-value approach (MPA) using the Chi-squared test was used to determine each cut-off value. Mean gestational age was 25+3 weeks, while mean age and Bwt at EF were 10 days and 660 g. Enterostomy duration and Bwt at EC were 102 days and 2400 g. Fourteen surgical complications were related to EC. The MPA identified a cut-off of 2100 g (p = 0.039) at EC but no significant cut-off age or enterostomy duration. The 18 patients <2100 g had more enterostomy-related problems at EC than the >2100 g group (66.7% vs 10.8%, p < 0.001). No other characteristics were significantly different. Operation time, ventilator period, hospital stay, parenteral nutrition duration, and full feeding day were significantly longer in <2100 g patients. Follow-up Bwt did not differ (11.55 kg vs 13.95 kg, p = 0.324). Our findings suggest EC can be safely performed when Bwt is over 2100 g.
Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Abrogated Irinotecan Resistance in NSCLC
Authors: Lee Soohyun , Lee Jae-Seon , Seo Jinho , Lee Seon-Hyeong , Kang Joon Hee , Song Jaewhan , Kim Soo-Youl 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnticancer drug resistance is a major challenge of cancer therapy. We found that irinotecan-resistant NSCLC cells showed increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation compared to the drug sensitive NSCLC cells. Previously, we found that combined inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase using gossypol, and mitochondrial complex I using phenformin, effectively reduced oxidative phosphorylation in NSCLC. Here, we showed that targeting oxidative phosphorylation with gossypol and phenformin abrogated irinotecan resistance in NSCLC. Furthermore, irinotecan treatment by blocking oxidative phosphorylation induced synergistic anti-cancer effect in NSCLC. The pre-clinical xenograft model of human NSCLC also demonstrated a therapeutic response to the dual targeting treatment. Therefore, this combination of gossypol and phenformin increases irinotecan sensitivity as well as preventing irinotecan resistance.
Quantum interferometric generation of polarization entangled photons
Authors: Terashima Haruka , Kobayashi Satoshi , Tsubakiyama Takaho , Sanaka Kaoru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractQuantum interference, like Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, has played an important role to test fundamental concepts in quantum physics. We experimentally show that the multiple quantum interference effects enable the generation of high-performance polarization entangled photons. These photons have a high-emission rate, are degenerate, have a broadband distribution, and are postselection free. A quantum interferometric scheme, based on a round-trip configuration of a double-pass polarization Sagnac interferometer, makes it possible to use the large generation efficiency of polarization entangled photons in the process of parametric down-conversion and to separate degenerate photon pairs into different optical modes with no requirement of postselection. We demonstrate experimentally that multiple quantum interference is not only an interesting fundamental quantum optical phenomenon but can be used for novel photonic quantum information technologies.
Aptamer-enabled uptake of small molecule ligands
Authors: Auwardt Supipi Liyamali , Seo Yeon-Jung , Ilgu Muslum , Ray Judhajeet , Feldges Robert R. , Shubham Shambhavi , Bendickson Lee , Levine Howard A. , Nilsen-Hamilton Marit 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe relative ease of isolating aptamers with high specificity for target molecules suggests that molecular recognition may be common in the folds of natural RNAs. We show here that, when expressed in cells, aptamers can increase the intracellular concentrations of their small molecule ligands. We have named these aptamers as DRAGINs (Drug Binding Aptamers for Growing Intracellular Numbers). The DRAGIN property, assessed here by the ability to enhance the toxicity of their ligands, was found for some, but not all, aminoglycoside aptamers. One aptamer protected cells against killing by its ligand. Another aptamer promoted killing as a singlemer and protected against killing as a tandemer. Based on a mathematical model, cell protection vs. killing is proposed as governed by aptamer affinity and access to the inner surface of the cell membrane, with the latter being a critical determinant. With RNA molecules proposed as the earliest functional polymers to drive the evolution of life, we suggest that RNA aptamer-like structures present in primitive cells might have selectively concentrated precursors for polymer synthesis. Riboswitches may be the evolved forms of these ancient aptamer-like “nutrient procurers”. Aptamers with DRAGIN capability in the modern world could be applied for imaging cells, in synthetic cell constructs, or to draw drugs into cells to make “undruggable” targets accessible to small molecule inhibitors.
Determinants of mortality after hip fracture surgery in Sweden: a registry-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Åhman Rasmus , Siverhall Pontus Forsberg , Snygg Johan , Fredrikson Mats , Enlund Gunnar , Björnström Karin , Chew Michelle S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSurgery for hip fractures is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The causes of poor outcome are not fully understood and may be related to other factors than the surgery itself. The relative contributions of patient, surgical, anaesthetic and structural factors have seldom been studied together. This study, a retrospective registry-based cohort study of 14 932 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery in Sweden from 1st of January 2014 to 31st of December 2016, aimed to identify important predictors of mortality post-surgery. The independent predictive power of our included variables was examined using Cox proportional hazards modeling with all-cause mortality at longest follow-up as the outcome. Twelve independent variables were considered as interrelated ‘exposures’ and their individual adjusted effect within a single model were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves were also generated. Crude mortality rates were 8.2% at 30 days (95% CI 7.7–8.6%) and 23.6% at 365 days (95% CI 22.9–24.2%). Of the 12 factors entered into the Cox regression analysis, age (aHR1.06, p < 0.001), male gender (aHR 1.45, p < 0.001), ASA-PS-class (ASA 1&2 reference; ASA 3 aHR 2.12; ASA 4 aHR 4.79; ASA 5 aHR 12.57 respectively, p < 0.001) and PACU-LOS (aHR 1.01, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with mortality at longest follow-up (up to 3 years). University hospital status was protective (aHR 0.83, p < 0.001) in the same model. Age, gender and ASA-PS-class were strong predictors of mortality after surgery for hip fractures in Sweden. University hospital status and length of stay in the postoperative care unit were also identified as modifiable risk factors after multivariable adjustment and require confirmation in future studies.
Lattice Resonances and Local Field Enhancement in Array of Dielectric Dimers for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Černigoj Jernej , Silvestri Fabrizio , Stoevelaar L. Pjotr , Berzinš Jonas , Gerini Giampiero 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose the use of high refractive index dimers for the realization of a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate, with an average enhancement factor comparable to plasmonic structures. The use of low loss dielectric materials is favorable to metallic ones, because of their lower light absorption and consequently a much lower heating effect of the substrate. We combined two different mechanisms of field enhancement to overcome the main weakness of dielectric dimers: a low enhancement factor compared to the plasmonic ones. A first mechanisms is associated to surface lattice resonances. This generates a narrow-band high enhancement, which is exploited to enhance the excitation light. A second mechanism exploits the local field enhancement between the dimers’ resonators, for the band where the molecule Raman emission spectrum is located. The fact that both field enhancements can be tuned by acting on separate geometric parameters, makes possible to optimize the design for many different molecules. The optimized structure and its performance is presented together with a discussion of the different enhancement mechanisms.
Soft X-ray Reflection Spectroscopy for Nano-Scaled Layered Structure Materials
Authors: Majhi A. , Nayak Maheswar , Pradhan P. C. , Filatova E. O. , Sokolov A. , Schäfers F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe introduce a novel approach that addresses the probing of interfacial structural phenomena in layered nano-structured films. The approach combines resonant soft x-ray reflection spectroscopy at grazing incidence near the “critical angle” with angular dependent reflection at energies around the respective absorption edges. Dynamic scattering is considered to determine the effective electron density and hence chemically resolved atomic profile across the structure based on simultaneous data analysis. We demonstrate application of the developed technique on the layered model structure C (20 Å)/B (40 Å)/Si (300 Å)/W (10 Å)/substrate. We precisely quantify atomic migration across the interfaces, a few percent of chemical changes of materials and the presence of impurities from top to the buried interfaces. The results obtained reveal the sensitivity of the approach towards resolving the compositional differences up to a few atomic percent. The developed approach enables the reconstruction of a highly spatio-chemically resolved interfacial map of complex nano-scaled interfaces with technical relevance to many emerging applied research fields.
Effort and performance in a cooperative activity are boosted by perception of a partner’s effort
Authors: Chennells Matthew , Michael John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn everyday life, people must often determine how much time and effort to allocate to cooperative activities. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the perception of others’ effort investment in a cooperative activity may elicit a sense of commitment, leading people to allocate more time and effort to the activity themselves. We developed an effortful task in which participants were required to move an increasingly difficult bar slider on a screen while simultaneously reacting to the appearance of virtual coins and earn points to share between themselves and their partner. This design allowed us to operationalize commitment in terms of participants’ investment of time and effort. Crucially, the cooperative activity could only be performed after a partner had completed a complementary activity which we manipulated to be either easy (Low Effort condition) or difficult (High Effort condition). Our results revealed participants invested more effort, persisted longer and performed better in the High Effort condition, i.e. when they perceived their partner to have invested more effort. These results support the hypothesis that the perception of a partner’s effort boosts one’s own sense of commitment to a cooperative activity, and consequently also one’s willingness to invest time and effort.
Target-distractor competition cannot be resolved across a saccade
Authors: Arkesteijn Kiki , Smeets Jeroen B. J. , Donk Mieke , Belopolsky Artem V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhen a distractor is presented in close spatial proximity to a target, a saccade tends to land in between the two objects rather than on the target. This robust phenomenon (also referred to as the global effect) is thought to reflect unresolved competition between target and distractor. It is unclear whether this landing bias persists across saccades since a saccade displaces the retinotopic representations of target and distractor. In the present study participants made successive saccades towards two saccadic targets which were presented simultaneously with an irrelevant distractor in close proximity to the second saccade target. The second saccade was either visually-guided or memory-guided. For the memory-guided trials, the second saccade showed a landing bias towards the location of the distractor, despite the disappearance of the distractor after the first saccade. In contrast, for the visually-guided trials, the bias was corrected and the landing bias was eliminated, even for saccades with the shortest intersaccadic intervals. This suggests that the biased saccade plan was remapped across the first saccade. Therefore, we conclude that the target-distractor competition was not resolved across a saccade, but can be resolved based on visual information that is available after a saccade.
A synthesis of modern organic carbon accumulation rates in coastal and aquatic inland ecosystems
Authors: Wilkinson Grace M. , Besterman Alice , Buelo Cal , Gephart Jessica , Pace Michael L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOrganic carbon accumulation in the sediments of inland aquatic and coastal ecosystems is an important process in the global carbon budget that is subject to intense human modification. To date, research has focused on quantifying accumulation rates in individual or groups of aquatic ecosystems to quantify the aquatic carbon sinks. However, there hasn’t been a synthesis of rates across aquatic ecosystem to address the variability in rates within and among ecosystems types. Doing so would identify gaps in our understanding of accumulation rates and potentially reveal carbon sinks vulnerable to change. We synthesized accumulation rates from the literature, compiling 464 rate measurements from 103 studies of carbon accumulated in the modern period (ca. 200 years). Accumulation rates from the literature spanned four orders of magnitude varying substantially within and among ecosystem categories, with mean estimates for ecosystem categories ranging from 15.6 to 73.2 g C m−2 y−1 within ecosystem categories. With the exception of lakes, mean accumulation rates were poorly constrained due to high variability and paucity of data. Despite the high uncertainty, the estimates of modern accumulation rate compiled here are an important step for constructing carbon budgets and predicting future change.
Multi-faceted computational assessment of risk and progression in oligodendroglioma implicates NOTCH and PI3K pathways
Authors: Halani Sameer H. , Yousefi Safoora , Velazquez Vega Jose , Rossi Michael R. , Zhao Zheng , Amrollahi Fatemeh , Holder Chad A. , Baxter-Stoltzfus Amelia , Eschbacher Jennifer , Griffith Brent , Olson Jeffrey J. , Jiang Tao , Yates Joseph R. , Eberhart Charles G. , Poisson Laila M. , Cooper Lee A. D. , Brat Daniel J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOligodendrogliomas are diffusely infiltrative gliomas defined by IDH-mutation and co-deletion of 1p/19q. They have highly variable clinical courses, with survivals ranging from 6 months to over 20 years, but little is known regarding the pathways involved with their progression or optimal markers for stratifying risk. We utilized machine-learning approaches with genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to objectively identify molecular factors associated with clinical outcomes of oligodendroglioma and extended these findings to study signaling pathways implicated in oncogenesis and clinical endpoints associated with glioma progression. Our multi-faceted computational approach uncovered key genetic alterations associated with disease progression and shorter survival in oligodendroglioma and specifically identified Notch pathway inactivation and PI3K pathway activation as the most strongly associated with MRI and pathology findings of advanced disease and poor clinical outcome. Our findings that Notch pathway inactivation and PI3K pathway activation are associated with advanced disease and survival risk will pave the way for clinically relevant markers of disease progression and therapeutic targets to improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, our approach demonstrates the strength of machine learning and computational methods for identifying genetic events critical to disease progression in the era of big data and precision medicine.
Phase noise prediction for static frequency dividers and ring oscillators
Authors: Dyskin A. , Kallfass I. 
Published: October 2018

This Letter presents a method of predicting the phase noise limits of static frequency dividers. The proposed phase noise model for free‐running and injection‐locked modes is based on the circuit parameters only. The model provides an intuitive comprehension of the phase noise behaviour of static frequency dividers and is proved to be useful in primary hand calculations. The method was verified against measurement results of a static frequency divider‐by‐two, operated at 77 GHz and fabricated in a SiGe process.