bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monosodium Iodoacetate delays regeneration and inhibits hypertrophy in skeletal muscle cells in vitro
Authors: Rimington Rowan P. , Player Darren J. , Martin Neil R.W. , Lewis Mark P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disease which contributes to severe morbidity. The monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) rodent model of OA is now well established, however the effect of MIA on surrounding tissues post injection has not been investigated and as such the impact on phenotypic development is unknown. The aim of this investigation was to examine the impact of MIA incubation on skeletal muscle cells in vitro, to provide an indication as to the potential influence of MIA administration of skeletal muscle in vivo.MethodsC2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes were treated with either 4.8μM MIA or 10μM Dexamethasone (DEX, positive atrophic control) up to 72hrs post differentiation and sampled for morphological and mRNA analyses.ResultsSignificant morphological effects (fusion index, number of myotubes and myotube width, p<0.05) were evident, demonstrating a hypertrophic phenotype in control (CON) compared to a hyperplasic phenotype in MIA and DEX. Increases in MAFbx mRNA were also evident between conditions, with post-hoc analysis demonstrating significance between CON and DEX (p<0.001), but not between CON and MIA (p>0.05).ConclusionsThese data indicate a significant impact of both DEX and MIA on regeneration and hypertrophy in vitro and suggest differential activating mechanisms. Future investigations should determine whether skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy is affected in the in vivo rodent model and the potential impact this has on the OA phenotypic outcome.
Chemokine signaling links cell cycle progression and cilia formation for left-right symmetry breaking
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Zhu Chengke , Ning Guozhu , Yang Liping , Cao Yu , Huang Sizhou , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZebrafish dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) undergo vigorous proliferation during epiboly and then exit cell cycle to generate Kupffer’s vesicle (KV), a ciliated organ necessary for establishing left-right (L-R) asymmetry. DFC proliferation defects are often accompanied by impaired cilia elongation in KV, but the functional and molecular interaction between cell-cycle progression and cilia formation remains unknown. Here we show that chemokine receptor Cxcr4a is required for L-R laterality by controlling DFC proliferation and KV ciliogenesis. Functional analysis revealed that Cxcr4a accelerates G1/S transition in DFCs and stabilizes Foxj1a, a master regulator of motile cilia, by stimulating Cyclin D1 expression through ERK1/2 signaling. Mechanistically, Cyclin D1-CDK4/6 drives G1/S transition during DFC proliferation and phosphorylates Foxj1a, thereby disrupting its association with Psmd4b, a 19S regulatory subunit. This prevents the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of Foxj1a. Our study uncovers a role for Cxcr4 signaling in L-R patterning and provides fundamental insights into the molecular linkage between cell-cycle progression and ciliogenesis.Author summaryDuring the organogenesis of zebrafish L-R organizer named KV, DFCs proliferate rapidly during epiboly and then exit the cell cycle to differentiate into ciliated epithelial KV cells. Cell cycle defects in DFCs are often accompanied by an alteration in KV cilia elongation. However, whether the cell cycle and cilia formation are mechanistically linked remains as an open question. In this study, we report that Cxcr4 signaling is required for DFC proliferation and KV ciliogenesis. We reveal that Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a signaling activates ERK1/2, which then promotes Cyclin D1 expression. Cyclin D1-CDK4/6 accelerates the G1/S transition in DFCs, while also facilitates cilia formation via stabilization of Foxj1a. Notably, Foxj1 undergoes proteasomal degradation via Ub-independent pathway during KV organogenesis. Our study further demonstrates that CDK4 phosphorylates and stabilizes Foxj1a by disrupting its association with Psmd4b, a 19S regulatory subunit. In summary, Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a chemokine signaling links cell cycle progression and cilia formation for L-R symmetry breaking via regulating Cyclin D1 expression.
Fog signaling has diverse roles in epithelial morphogenesis in insects
Authors: Benton Matthew A. , Frey Nadine , da Fonseca Rodrigo Nunes , von Levetzow Cornelia , Stappert Dominik , Hakeemi Muhammad S. , Conrads Kai H. , Pechmann Matthias , Panfilio Kristen A. , Lynch Jeremy A. , Roth Siegfried 
Published: March 2019

SummaryTheDrosophilaFog pathway represents one of the best-understood signaling cascades controlling epithelial morphogenesis. During gastrulation, Fog induces apical cell constrictions that drive the invagination of mesoderm and posterior gut primordia. The cellular mechanisms underlying primordia internalization vary greatly among insects and recent work has suggested that Fog signaling is specific to the fast mode of gastrulation found in some flies. On the contrary, here we show in the beetleTribolium, whose development is broadly representative for insects,that Fog has multiple morphogenetic functions. It modulates mesoderm internalization and controls a massive posterior infolding involved in gut and extraembryonic development. In addition, Fog signaling affects blastoderm cellularization, primordial germ cell positioning and cuboidal-to-squamous cell shape transitions in the extraembryonic serosa. Comparative analyses with two other distantly related insect species reveals that Fog’s role during cellularisation is widely conserved and therefore might represent the ancestral function of the pathway.
Inducible overexpression of zebrafishmicroRNA-722suppresses chemotaxis of human neutrophil like cells
Authors: Hsu Alan Y. , Liu Sheng , Brasseale Kent A. , Syahirah Ramizah , Wan Jun , Deng Qing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNeutrophil migration is essential for battling against infections but also drives chronic inflammation. Since primary neutrophils are terminally differentiated and not genetically tractable, leukemia cells such as HL-60 are differentiated into neutrophil-like cells to study mechanisms underlying neutrophil migration. However, constitutive overexpression or inhibition in this cell line does not allow the characterization of the genes that affect the differentiation process. Here we apply the tet-on system to induce the expression of zebrafishmiR-722in differentiated HL-60. Overexpression ofmiR-722reduced the mRNA level of genes in the chemotaxis and inflammation pathways, includingRAC2. Consistently, cell migration is significantly inhibited upon inducedmiR-722overexpression. Together,miR-722is an evolutionarily conserved suppressor for neutrophil migration and signaling in zebrafish and human.
Oncogenic hijacking of a developmental transcription factor evokes therapeutic vulnerability for ROS-induction in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Marchetto Aruna , Ohmura Shunya , Orth Martin F. , Li Jing , Wehweck Fabienne S. , Knott Maximilian M. L. , Stein Stefanie , Saucier David , Arrigoni Chiara , Gerke Julia S. , Baldauf Michaela C. , Musa Julian , Dallmayer Marlene , Hölting Tilman L. B. , Moretti Matteo , Amatruda James F. , Romero-Pérez Laura , Cidre-Aranaz Florencia , Kirchner Thomas , Sannino Giuseppina , Grünewald Thomas G. P. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTEwing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive childhood cancer likely originating from mesenchymal stem cells or osteo-chondrogenic progenitors. It is characterized by fusion oncoproteins involving EWSR1 and variable members of the ETS-family of transcription factors (in 85% FLI1). EWSR1-FLI1 can induce target genes by using GGAA-microsatellites (mSats) as enhancers.Here, we show that EWSR1-FLI1 hijacks the developmental transcription factor SOX6 – a physiological driver of proliferation of osteo-chondrogenic progenitors – by binding to an intronic GGAA-mSat, which promotes EwS growthin vitroandin vivo. Through integration of transcriptome-profiling, published drug-screening data, and functionalin vitroandin vivoexperiments, we discovered that SOX6 interferes with the antioxidant system resulting in constitutively elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that create a therapeutic vulnerability toward the ROS-inducing drug Elesclomol.Collectively, our results exemplify how aberrant activation of a developmental transcription factor by a dominant oncogene can promote malignancy, but provide opportunities for targeted therapy.
Prospects for research in architecture and urbanism
Authors: Salama Ashraf M. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a brief review of the latest developments of Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research while introducing ephemeral observations on the papers published in Vol. 13 No. 1, March 2019.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a classification of topical contents and an identification of the procedures employed in the studies published in this edition, a reflective narrative on emerging concepts and themes is developed to acknowledge and briefly outline these studies.

Findings
The discussion conveys the multiplicity and diversity in architectural and urban research where seven themes are identified from 13 papers contributed by researchers from academic institutions in eight countries. Themes include spheres of inquiry; autism and the spatial environment; communication dynamics and professional practice; assemblage aesthetic and place attachment; housing and urbanity in Istanbul; placemaking and sustainability in the Gulf; and from the Doric order to State mosques.

Originality/value
Establishing key characteristics of various types of research and the originality and values involved would enable engaged and enhanced contributions in architectural and urban research. The identification of themes stimulates the re-thinking of responsive concepts and issues of concerns while invigorating future research endeavors.
AirAsia Berhad’s accounting in the spotlight
Authors: Abdul Malak Siti Seri Delima , Wan Hussin Wan Nordin B 
Published: March 2019

Learning outcomes
The case is appropriate for courses in financial accounting and reporting, audit and assurance, forensic accounting, accounting practice and regulations and corporate governance. After studying the case, students should be able to explain the concept of control and power under IFRS; explain the concept of economic; discuss audit committee and external auditor independence issues and ways to strengthen auditor’s independence; assess the usefulness of the new extended audit report; and evaluate the role of gatekeepers such as financial analysts, audit committee, external auditor, institutional investors and regulators in enhancing the quality of financial reporting.

Case overview/synopsis
This case focuses on the accounting policy choices of the foreign associates of AirAsia Berhad. AirAsia Berhad is a phenomenal success, from a debt laden company to having been voted as World’s Best Low-Cost Airline in the annual World Airline Survey by Skytrax for eight consecutive years from 2009 to 2016 and the World’s Leading Low-Cost Airline in the annual World Travel Awards for four consecutive years from 2013 to 2016. In June 2015, an analyst report was leaked, and it led to heated discussion and exchanges in the market. The report questioned the non-consolidation of AirAsia Berhad associates. The share market also reacted. Various players in the market came into foray with their statements and opinions on the merit of the accounting policy choice by AirAsia Berhad. Whose views actually reflect the nature of accounting policy choice that is true and fair? Are these gatekeepers attesting to the accounting crux of substance over form?

Complexity academic level
Senior undergraduates; MBA; EMBA

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS: 1: Accounting and Finance
Evaluation of an entrepreneurship training programme: a proposal for new guidelines
Authors: Galvão Anderson , Marques Carla Susana , Ferreira João 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate an entrepreneurship training and education programme, which has already had five editions in the Sabor region of Portugal’s northern interior. This evaluation was conducted in order to propose new guidelines to improve the Sabor Entrepreneurship Programme (SEP).Design/methodology/approachThe research included primary data collection using mixed methods (i.e. quantitative and qualitative). Questionnaires were distributed to 103 entrepreneurs who participated in the SEP, and interviews were conducted with entities involved in developing this programme. The data were processed using cross-sectional content analysis of the interviews and descriptive analysis of the completed questionnaires in order to ascertain the opinions of all the parties involved in the SEP.FindingsThe results show that the SEP has been modified throughout the five editions, which has contributed to better performance. Based on the findings, new guidelines were proposed for the programme, such as the implementation of new phases and improvement of various methods used. The proposed phases include the validation and full development of business ideas, management decision training for entrepreneurs, help with financing solutions and support during new companies’ first three years. The results also indicate that the SEP needs to create an entrepreneurial ecosystem that includes public policies and the involvement of other local entities that are active in the region and that have the skills entrepreneurs need.Originality/valueThis study’s findings have theoretical and practical implications, which provide empirical evidence of how evaluating entrepreneurship education and training programmes can make them more effective and efficient. In addition, the results contribute to the evolution of the existing knowledge about entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Funding structure and technical efficiency
Authors: Ofori-Sasu Daniel , Abor Joshua Yindenaba , Mensah Lord 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of funding structure on technical efficiency of banks in Ghana, between 2011 and 2016.

Design/methodology/approach
Employing the random-effect and the truncated panel data of 25 banks, the results present new evidence.

Findings
The findings reveal that Ghanaian banks are less technically efficient, as the average efficiency scores generated is below the threshold of 1. Furthermore, the results show that banks in Ghana finance their operations mainly with deposit source of funding. The results reveal a significantly positive relationship between funding structure and technical efficiency. However, internally generated source of funds was negatively linked with technical efficiency. This is not surprising because banks that rely on external funds attract higher costs than internally generated funds, and this puts pressure on managers to perform. The results are relevant to emerging economies when the authors use additional macroeconomic factors.

Research limitations/implications
Thus, a proportionally larger deposit base funding would typically lead to an overall increase in technical efficiency of banks in Ghana. Shareholders should put pressure on managers to plough back earnings in order to increase the use of internally generated funds, thus, increasing technical efficiency. Banks that are inefficient should make some adjustments to their weights of inputs and/or outputs combinations by following their benchmark banks (efficient banks) to improve their efficiency.

Practical implications
The results of this study have important implications for regulators, investors and policy makers, particularly an emerging economy. The implication of the study to investors is that investors should be able to identify an appropriate source of funds that can be used efficiently to maximize their wealth in emerging markets. It is important for regulators and managers of banks to improve technical efficiency by considering the role that macroeconomic and monetary environment play when identifying and using various sources of funds as a strategy to improve bank efficiency.

Social implications
Consequently, future research should investigate the impact of funding structure on technical efficiency for other regions and considering their interactions with institutional quality, macroeconomic factors and financial stability.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is the first to fulfill an urgent need to explore a robust approach of measuring technical efficiency and funding structure within the context of banks over six-year period, prompting insightful avenues to the survival, growth and performance of financiers in emerging economy.
Transformational leadership and project team members’ silence: the mediating role of feeling trusted
Authors: Zhu Fangwei , Wang Linzhuo , Yu Miao , Müller Ralf , Sun Xiuxia 
Published: March 2019

PurposeSilencing behavior among project team members (PTM) poses a potential threat to project results. Hence, breaking silence in projects is critical to motivate team members and beneficial for project outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between transformational leadership (TL) of project manager (PM) and silence behavior of PTMs. It proposes a mediating role of feeling trusted (FT) to fill this gap by conducting an empirical research.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical model was developed and a series of hypotheses were proposed based on existing literature. Then, regression analysis was conducted on a sample of 219 team members of a diverse set of projects in China.FindingsThe paper empirically shows that TL of PM is significantly negatively related to team members’ defensive and prosocial silence (PS), but not with their acquiescence silence. In addition, the study also discovered that team members’ FT mediates the effects of TL on team members’ defensive and PS.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributed to the project management literature by showing that feeling trusted link the relationship between TL of PM and PTMs’ silence. The studies’ findings also contribute to the silence theory in project context through discussions of the rationale behind the main effects. Practical implication is provided for PMs that making the most of TL can reduce the silence of PTM, through building trusted feelings. The limitation to this study is the research setting regarding culture-related issues that focused only on projects in China.Originality/valueThis research is one of the early studies that address the issue of silence behavior in project context, which is a contribution to the coordination and communication in project management.
Balancing control, usability and visibility of linked open government data to create public value
Authors: Hitz-Gamper Benedikt Simon , Neumann Oliver , Stürmer Matthias 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Linked data is a technical standard to structure complex information and relate independent sets of data. Recently, governments have started to use this technology for bridging separated data “(silos)” by launching linked open government data (LOGD) portals. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of LOGD as a smart technology and strategy to create public value. This is achieved by enhancing the usability and visibility of open data provided by public organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, three different LOGD governance modes are deduced: public agencies could release linked data via a dedicated triple store, via a shared triple store or via an open knowledge base. Each of these modes has different effects on usability and visibility of open data. Selected case studies illustrate the actual use of these three governance modes.

Findings
According to this study, LOGD governance modes present a trade-off between retaining control over governmental data and potentially gaining public value by the increased use of open data by citizens.

Originality/value
This study provides recommendations for public sector organizations for the development of their data publishing strategy to balance control, usability and visibility considering also the growing popularity of open knowledge bases such as Wikidata.
Public value of e-government services through emerging technologies
Authors: Valle-Cruz David 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that generate public value in e-government services through emerging technologies and to answer the following question: Which are the factors that generate public value, in the e-government services, through emerging technologies?

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a multivariate linear regression model, the author tests the public value of e-government services through emerging technologies in the metropolitan area of the Toluca Valley. Five factors are evaluated to understand public value: anti-corruption strategies, access to public information, transparency platforms, social media and service kiosks.

Findings
Smart strategies and technologies must be guided by the generation of public value through anti-corruption strategies, open data, access to information and data privacy. The efforts of governments should focus on avoiding corruption, making government transparent, opening data and correct handling of information privacy. Technology is an important mechanism to boost public value generation.

Research limitations/implications
Mexico is a developing country, and there are very few emerging technologies implemented in e-Government.

Practical implications
The results are important to identify good practices for the generation of public value in the e-Government area.

Originality/value
The study of emerging technologies is a new area in government, and this paper studies the generation of public value through emerging technologies in a developing country.
Determinants of local public employee attitudes toward government innovation
Authors: Nam Taewoo 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify individual level perception-based determinants influencing participation in government innovation and to examine the moderating effect of innovation cynicism upon those determinants.Design/methodology/approachFocusing on the case of Government 3.0, a Korean National Government innovation initiative, this study analyzes survey data regarding local public employee perceptions of the initiative through ordered logistic regression.FindingsMultiple theoretical correlates of perceived desirability, perceived efficacy, performance expectancy, facilitating leadership, peer influence and demonstrable symbols have positive influences on participation in Government 3.0. Surprisingly, cynics of government innovation reported more active participation in Government 3.0 than non-cynics. While cynicism negatively moderates the influence of perceived desirability, performance expectancy and peer influence on Government 3.0 participation, the expected negative moderating effect does not correspond with the influence of perceived efficacy on innovation participation.Originality/valueThe study highlights the importance of innovation cynics, who are probably neither skeptics nor pessimists regarding recent changes but rather are concerned about recurring rhetoric and poor performance of government innovation.