bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Men’s Employment and Their Marriage: A Comparison among Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the UK, France, and Sweden
Authors: Matsuda Shigeki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In Europe, falling fertility rates are regarded as part of a second demographic transition precipitated by changing values. Low fertility rates in developed Asian countries, however, are thought to be due to decreasing marriage rates, as a result of worsening young men’s employment. This study proposes the hypothesis that men in non-regular employment – those with low incomes and those who are unemployed – have lower probabilities of getting married. Male employment was analyzed using a logistic regression of micro data for 20- to 49-year-old men in Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the UK, France, and Sweden. The study’s findings generally supported the hypothesis and clearly confirmed that there is a relationship between employment and marriage in Asian countries, and especially in Japan.
Individual Attitudes toward the Welfare State: A Test of the “Crowding Out Hypothesis” across European Countries
Authors: Yuksek Durmus A. , Solakoglu Ozgur 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Although numerous studies have confirmed the relationship between welfare states and social capital, their arguments have been contradictory. Some argue that strong welfare states crowd out social capital, while others consider the welfare state as a stimulator of social capital. However, research focusing on both the arguments simultaneously and considering whether or not welfare states can both make and break social capital is almost unavailable. Also, individual attitudes toward the welfare state have mainly been the neglected part of this research tradition. Concordantly, findings of this study suggest that regardless of the strength of the civil society, a welfare state can both crowd out and crowd in social capital. While the comprehensiveness of the welfare state plays a part in stimulating or rather unlikely destroying social capital, it is actually the particular design, implementation of the welfare policies, and legitimacy of the state officials that make or break social capital.
Digital Diplomacy: Emotion and Identity in the Public Realm
Authors: Duncombe Constance 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Public diplomacy is increasingly facilitated through social media. Government leaders and diplomats are using social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to communicate with foreign publics, changing the dynamics of interaction between broadcaster and audience. The key to understanding the power of social media in public diplomacy is the role of emotion in digital diplomacy strategies: social media statements relating to state identity can incite strong emotions that have the potential to undermine heretofore positive diplomatic relations, or provide communicative openings that move towards ameliorating crises. Examining the interaction of social media, emotion and identity provides insight into the increasing importance of digital diplomacy and the future challenges relating to digital disinformation that lie ahead.
Wisdom that Delivers: Resurrection and Hope in the Book of Kings
Authors: Stulac Daniel J. D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This essay examines the story of Solomon and the two prostitutes (1 Kgs 3:16-28) in relation to David’s judgment concerning Mephibosheth (2 Sam 19:25-31) and in relation to four “resurrection”-type stories in the book of Kings. Readers have traditionally interpreted Solomon’s judgment favorably, though recently some have argued that Solomon’s wisdom is ironic. This essay argues that the Solomon of Kings presents as an irreducible paradox, as both an ideal and an anti-ideal. Read in light of 2 Sam 19:25-31, 1 Kgs 3:16-28 suggests that ideal Solomon surpasses his father in judgment through his restoration of a conceptually “dead” child to its mother. When viewed in this way, Solomon’s wisdom can be understood to launch a life-preservation typology central to the book’s theological hope. Reconsideration of Solomon’s character from this vantage point helps to illumine New Testament references to Solomon in both Matthew and Luke.
Paul’s Theology of Weakness in 1 Cor 8:1-14:40
Authors: Hiramatsu Kei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
While partition theorists question the integrity of 1 Corinthians based on the observation that Paul addresses a variety of subjects in distinctive ways through this missive, a consistent theme does unite letter. Paul encourages the strong and privileged to renounce their status, rights, and freedom for the sake of the weak. Thus, this article explores Paul’s ecclesiology of the strong and the weak particularly in 8:1-14:40 by examining his address in each section (8:1-11:1; 11:2-11:16; 11:17-34; 12:1-14:40). In so doing, it seeks to demonstrate Paul’s theology of weakness as the underpinning theme of the letter.
Der ‘Münchener Psalter’ aus dem 14. Jahrhundert
Authors: Jeep John M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A fourteenth-century version of Notker’s translation of the psalms with commentary yields 58 alliterating Middle High German word-pairs. These are compared with Notker’s original Old High German text, whereby phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic changes are noted. In studying the transmission of the Biblical text, both continuity and change become evident.
Digital Journalistic Uses of the Terms “Sacred” and “Trivial”: Online Press Releases on Portrayals of Hindu Deities in the usa
Authors: Zeiler Xenia 
Published: April 2019

The understanding of what is “sacred” and needs protection from alleged “trivialising” or “profaning” is obviously diverse. Especially in cases of severe dissent this is negotiated in public, including increasingly in digital journalistic contexts.This article discusses media oppositions to an alleged “trivializing” of Hindu deities in the usa. It contextualizes and analyzes with coding techniques press releases from the website of Rajan Zed, president of the Nevada based Universal Society of Hinduism and the Indo-American Leadership Confederation. The article highlights that and how these press releases, each addressing a specific case of a purported trivialization of Kali, are utilized to propagate specific objectives and interpretations of Hinduism. The article presents an analysis of the verbal content of the online press releases, contextualizes this by discussing the subtext of the verbal expressions, and thus exemplifies that and how digital journalistic contexts contribute to current negotiations of religious identity and authority.
Axisymmetric Potential Vorticity Evolution of Hurricane Patricia (2015)
Authors: Martinez Jonathan , Bell Michael M. , Rogers Robert F. , Doyle James D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Operational numerical models failed to predict the record-setting rapid intensification and rapid overwater weakening of Hurricane Patricia (2015) in the eastern North Pacific basin, resulting in large intensity forecast errors. In an effort to better understand the mesoscale processes contributing to Patricia’s rapid intensity changes, we analyze high-resolution aircraft observations collected on 22–23 October. Spline-based variational analyses are created from observations collected via in situ measurements, Doppler radar, and full-tropospheric dropsonde profiles as part of the Office of Naval Research Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI) experiment and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX). We present the first full-tropospheric calculation of the dry, axisymmetric Ertel’s potential vorticity (PV) in a tropical cyclone without relying on balance assumptions. Detailed analyses reveal the formation of a “hollow tower” PV structure as Patricia rapidly approached its maximum intensity, and a subsequent breakdown of this structure during Patricia’s rapid overwater weakening phase. Transforming the axisymmetric PV analyses from radius–height to potential radius–isentropic coordinates reveals that Patricia’s rapid intensification was closely related to the distribution of diabatic heating and eddy mixing. During Patricia’s rapid overwater weakening phase, eddy mixing processes are hypothesized to be the primary factor rearranging the PV distribution near the eye–eyewall region, diluting the PV previously confined to the hollow tower while approximately conserving the absolute circulation.
Use of Historical Data to Assess Regional Climate Change
Authors: Lai Yuchuan , Dzombak David A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTime series of historical annual average temperature, total precipitation, and extreme weather indices were constructed and analyzed for 103 (for temperature indices) and 115 (for precipitation indices) U.S. cities with climate records starting earlier than 1900. Mean rate of change and related 95% confidence bounds were calculated for each city using linear regression for the full periods of record. Box–Cox transformations of some time series of climate records were performed to address issues of non-normal distribution. Thirteen cities among the nine U.S. climate regions were selected and further evaluated with adequacy diagnoses and analyses for each month. The results show that many U.S. cities exhibit long-term historical increases in annual average temperature and precipitation, although there are spatial and temporal variations in the observed trends among the cities. Some cities in the Ohio Valley and Southeast regions exhibit decreasing or statistically nonsignificant increasing trends in temperatures. Many of the cities exhibiting statistically significant increases in precipitation are in the Northeast and Upper Midwest regions. The records for the cities are individually unique in both annual and monthly change, and cities within the same climate region sometimes exhibit substantially different changes. Within the full periods of record, discernible decade-long subtrends were observed for some cities; consequently, analysis of selected shorter periods can lead to inconclusive and biased results. These statistical analyses of constructed time series of city-specific long-term historical climate records provide detailed historical climate change information for cities across the United States.
Global Patterns of Submesoscale Surface Salinity Variability
Authors: Drushka Kyla , Asher William E. , Sprintall Janet , Gille Sarah T. , Hoang Clifford 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSurface salinity variability on O(1–10) km lateral scales (the submesoscale) generates density variability and thus has implications for submesoscale dynamics. Satellite salinity measurements represent a spatial average over horizontal scales of approximately 40–100 km but are compared to point measurements for validation, so submesoscale salinity variability also complicates validation of satellite salinities. Here, we combine several databases of historical thermosalinograph (TSG) measurements made from ships to globally characterize surface submesoscale salinity, temperature, and density variability. In river plumes; regions affected by ice melt or upwelling; and the Gulf Stream, South Atlantic, and Agulhas Currents, submesoscale surface salinity variability is large. In these regions, horizontal salinity variability appears to explain some of the differences between surface salinities from the Aquarius and SMOS satellites and salinities measured with Argo floats. In other words, apparent satellite errors in highly variable regions in fact arise because Argo point measurements do not represent spatially averaged satellite data. Salinity dominates over temperature in generating submesoscale surface density variability throughout the tropical rainbands, in river plumes, and in polar regions. Horizontal density fronts on 10-km scales tend to be compensated (salinity and temperature have opposing effects on density) throughout most of the global oceans, with the exception of the south Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans between 20° and 30°S, where fronts tend to be anticompensated.
The Interrelations Between Different Causes of Dizziness: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Zhu Richard T. , Van Rompaey Vincent , Ward Bryan K. , Van de Berg Raymond , Van de Heyning Paul , Sharon Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2019

Background: According to population-based studies that estimate disease prevalence, the majority of patients evaluated at dizziness clinics receive a single vestibular diagnosis. However, accumulating literature supports the notion that different vestibular disorders are interrelated and often underdiagnosed. Objective: Given the complexity and richness of these interrelations, we propose that a more inclusive conceptual framework to vestibular diagnostics that explicitly acknowledges this web of association will better inform vestibular differential diagnosis. Methods: A narrative review was performed using PubMed database. Articles were included if they defined a cohort of patients, who were given specific vestibular diagnosis. The interrelations among vestibular disorders were analyzed and placed within a conceptual framework. Results: The frequency of patients currently receiving multiple vestibular diagnoses in dizziness clinic is approximately 3.7% (1263/33 968 patients). The most common vestibular diagnoses encountered in the dizziness clinic include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular migraine, vestibular neuritis, and Ménière’s disease. Conclusions: A review of the literature demonstrates an intricate web of interconnections among different vestibular disorders such as BPPV, vestibular migraine, Ménière’s disease, vestibular neuritis, bilateral vestibulopathy, superior canal dehiscence syndrome, persistent postural perceptual dizziness, anxiety, head trauma, and aging, among others.
A randomized controlled trial protocol investigating effectiveness of an activity-pacing program for deconditioned older adults
Authors: Timmer Amanda J. , Unsworth Carolyn A. , Browne Matthew 
Published: April 2019

Background. Acute hospitalization of older adults can lead to deconditioning and the need for rehabilitation to facilitate a return to home and previous lifestyle. An occupational therapy intervention to combat deconditioning is activity pacing, an active self-management strategy where individuals learn to modify how and when activities are completed with the aim of improving participation in occupation. Purpose. This study will examine the effectiveness of occupational therapy with activity pacing during rehabilitation for deconditioned older adults. Method. A randomized controlled trial is proposed with inclusion criteria of older adults, 65+ years old, living independently in the community prior to admission, with adequate cognition and language to participate in the intervention. Participation, health status, self-efficacy in daily activities, self-efficacy in activity pacing techniques, and symptom management (pain and fatigue) will be measured at admission, discharge, and 3 months postdischarge. Implications. Determining if an activity-pacing program is effective will provide occupational therapists with evidence to support service delivery.
Summer thermal comfort and overheating in the elderly
Authors: Hughes Caroline , Natarajan Sukumar 
Published: April 2019

Atypically warm summers such as 2003 and 2018 are predicted to become normal by 2050. If current climate projections are accurate, this could cause heat-related mortality to rise by 257% by 2050, the majority of which will be in vulnerable groups such as the elderly. However, little is known about the temperatures achieved in the homes of the elderly even in typical summers, and even less on whether these are comfortable. This study examines, for the first time, the validity of current thermal comfort models in predicting summer comfort levels in the 65+ demographic over a typical and an atypically warm summer. This was achieved through the first longitudinal study of thermal conditions in homes of the elderly in the South West UK, utilising repeated standardised monthly thermal comfort and health surveys with continuous temperature monitoring in both living and bed rooms. Results show that neither the PMV/PPD model (ISO 7730) nor the adaptive model (ISO 15251) accurately predict true thermal comfort in our sample. Overheating analysis using CIBSE TM59 (based on ISO 15251) suggests significantly more homes (50% living room, 94% bed room = 94% overall) overheated during the atypically warm summer, compared to the typical summer (3% living room, 57% bed room = 57% overall). These are worrying results, especially for the elderly, given the projected increases in both the severity and the frequency of extreme summers in a future, changed, climate. Practical application: This paper provides new data on the performance of the homes of the elderly in both a typical and atypically warm summer. Our results could be considered for building performance evaluation in homes with elderly occupants to mitigate overheating risk. Crucially, we not only examine the impact of CIBSE criteria on these homes but also look at thermal acceptance, which is important to understand the true impact of elevated temperatures in this demographic.
Patient and Clinician Perceptions of Prediabetes: A Mixed-Methods Primary Care Study
Authors: Roper Karen L. , Thomas Alisha R. , Hieronymus Laura , Brock Audrey , Keck James 
Published: April 2019

Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess patient and clinician perceptions of prediabetes in an academic family medicine practice. Data were collected in preparation for an implementation study to increase utilization of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (N-DPP). Methods In this mixed-methods study, discussions from 3 focus groups composed of patients with prediabetes were evaluated using thematic analysis for their understanding of and beliefs about prediabetes, care experiences, and attitudes toward N-DPP. Clinicians completed a Likert-scaled survey assessing attitudes and perceived barriers to providing prediabetes care. Results Among the 15 focus group participants, more than half were not aware of their diagnosis. Attitudes toward prediabetes were mixed: while many believed it was serious and elicited more fear than being “at risk,” others thought there were varying degrees of risk within the same diagnosis, making the diagnosis less impactful. Patients repeatedly expressed the perception that clinicians were not forthcoming about necessary behavior changes. Patients agreed on barriers to N-DPP, including scheduling and transportation. Clinicians (N = 31) concurred that patients lack awareness of their prediabetes diagnosis. They reported that time is available to screen all patients and that a prediabetes diagnosis is effective for advising patients of the need for lifestyle modification. There was consensus from both patients and clinicians that prediabetes is curable. Conclusions Increased patient awareness and patient-centered education is needed to overcome barriers to prediabetes care. To facilitate implementation of N-DPP referral processes, clinicians should clearly communicate risk, treatment information, and linkage to N-DPP as the suggested treatment plan.
A multidisciplinary clinic approach to improve physician-related diagnostic delay for patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Jiajie , Xu Yuan , Chen Yuling , Ye Chunhua , Huang Jiaxian , Qian Liping , Xin Weiwei , Li Ting , Ye Shuang 
Published: April 2019

Objective To assess the diagnostic delay (DD) and physician-related DD (pDD) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and the potential benefits of a multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) approach. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken among patients with axial SpA, which aimed to analyse DD, pDD and their risk factors. The influence of pDD on disease outcomes was examined. The pDDs among consecutive SpA patients in an MDC cohort were compared with propensity score matched historical controls (1:1). Results A total of 208 patients with axial SpA formed the historical control group and 49 patients with axial SpA formed the MDC cohort after introduction of the MDC. The median DD and pDD in the historical controls were 25.5 and 10.0 months, respectively. A cut-off of pDD > 4 months was associated with more active disease and functional impairment. An initial visit to a non-rheumatologist was the most significant risk factor for pDD. Following MDC introduction, the median pDD decreased from 13 months to 1 month after adjustments were made for confounders such as sex, education level, history of smoking, human leukocyte antigen-B27 status and SpA/ankylosing spondylitis classification criteria. Conclusion The MDC was a promising approach that resulted in a reduced pDD among patients with axial SpA.
Terminal ileum ileoscopy and histology in patients undergoing high‐definition colonoscopy with virtual chromoendoscopy for chronic nonbloody diarrhea: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Borsotti Edoardo , Barberio Brigida , D’Incà Renata , Bonitta Gianluca , Cavallaro Flaminia , Pastorelli Luca , Rondonotti Emanuele , Samperi Leonardo , Neumann Helmut , Viganò Chiara , Vecchi Maurizio , Tontini Gian Eugenio 
Published: April 2019

Background and aimsIleo‐colonoscopy is the procedure of choice for chronic nonbloody diarrhea (CNBD) of unknown origin. Histological evaluation at different colonic sites is mandatory to assess the presence of microscopic colitis. However, the value of routine ileal biopsy on normal‐appearing mucosa as assessed by means of standard‐resolution white‐light ileoscopy is controversial given its reported low diagnostic yield. Hence, we have assessed for the first time the accuracy of retrograde ileoscopy using high‐definition and dyeless chromoendoscopy (HD + DLC), thereby calculating the impact and cost of routine ileal biopsy in CNBD.MethodsPatients with CNBD of unknown origin were prospectively enrolled for ileo‐colonoscopy with HD + DLC at five referral centers. Multiple biopsies were systematically performed on each colorectal segment and in the terminal ileum for histopathological analysis.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2017, 546 consecutive patients were recruited. Retrograde ileoscopy success rate was 97.6%. A total of 492 patients (mean age: 53 ± 18 years) fulfilled all the inclusion criteria: Following endoscopic and histopathological work‐up, 7% had lymphoid nodular hyperplasia and 3% had isolated ileitis. Compared to the histopathology as the gold standard, retrograde ileoscopy with HD + DLC showed 93% sensitivity, 98% specificity and 99.8% negative predictive value. In patients with normal ileo‐colonoscopy, ileum histology had no diagnostic gain and resulted in a cost of US $26.5 per patient.ConclusionsRetrograde ileoscopy with HD  +  DLC predicts the presence of ileitis in CNBD with excellent performance. The histopathological evaluation of the terminal ileum is the gold standard for the diagnostic assessment of visible lesions but has no added diagnostic value in CNBD patients with negative ileo‐colonoscopy inspection using modern endoscopic imaging techniques.
Next-generation Trade Facilitation for Asian Integration: Cross-border Paperless Trade
Authors: Duval Y. , Wang T. , Utoktham C. , Kravchenko A. 
Published: April 2019

Reducing trade costs is essential to achieve Asian integration. Trade costs in the Asian and the Pacific region remain high, in particular, between different Asian subregions. Significant progress has been made in implementation of trade facilitation measures between 2015 and 2017, particularly those included in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). However, progress in implementing of next-generation digital trade facilitation measures, such as cross-border paperless trade measures, has been more limited. Simulation results suggest that full implementation of such measures could nearly double trade costs reductions expected from WTO TFA implementation. A new regional United Nations (UN) treaty, the Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific, may accelerate progress in this area. JEL Codes: F13, F15, F17