bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continued Long-term Flattening After Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Noor Inger Heleen , Seiler Theo G. , Noor Kai , Seiler Theo 
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE:
To report 3 cases with continued long-term flattening after corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus and to determine its prevalence.

METHODS:
Case series.

RESULTS:
Three eyes of three patients presented with an ongoing corneal flattening over 10 years after CXL in the absence of corneal opacities. Of the initial 433 eyes treated with CXL between 2005 to 2007, only 45 eyes completed the 10-year follow-up period, indicating a prevalence of 6.7%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Besides continuous flattening due to scars and intense early flattening, a third entity of continuous flattening can be observed after CXL. Continuous long-term flattening after CXL seems to affect more patients than initially anticipated and should be considered as a late-onset complication of CXL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(8):567–570.]
Clinical Outcomes of Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy According to Epithelial Thickness
Authors: Jun Ikhyun , Kang David Sung Yong , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Kim Eung Kweon , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Tae-im 
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE:
To investigate the clinical outcomes, vector parameters, and corneal aberrations of corneal wavefront-guided (CWFG) transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), according to epithelial thickness.

METHODS:

This retrospective, comparative case series study included 91 eyes (91 patients) that underwent CWFG transepithelial PRK for myopic astigmatism. Epithelial thickness was less than 50
μ
m in 48 patients and 60
μ
m or greater in 43 patients. Clinical outcomes, including visual acuity, manifest refraction, vector parameters, and corneal wavefront aberration, were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:

The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity, safety and efficacy indices, and aberrometric values were comparable between the two groups at 6 months after transepithelial PRK. The postoperative spherical equivalent was significantly different between the two groups: 0.05 ± 0.19 diopters (D) in the less than 50
μ
m group and −0.05 ± 0.18 D in the 60
μ
m or greater group (
P
= .009). The difference between the two groups was 0.10 D, which is less than the theoretical difference because the epithelial remodeling pattern was different. There was a slight difference in slope between target induced astigmatism vector and surgically induced astigmatism vector (0.9979 in the less than 50
μ
m group and 0.9145 in the 60
μ
m or greater group;
P
= .025).

CONCLUSIONS:
Transepithelial PRK is an effective and safe treatment modality regardless of epithelial thickness. However, a difference in postoperative refraction is present between the two groups, and astigmatic correction may be less in patients with thick epithelium; hence, a new algorithm is needed that can be tailored in accordance with individual epithelial thickness.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(8):533–540.]
Topography-Guided Custom Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia in Primary Eyes With the WaveLight EX500 Platform
Authors: Faria-Correia Fernando , Ribeiro Sara , Monteiro Tiago , Lopes Bernardo T. , Salomão Marcella Q. , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the outcomes after topography-guided ablation treatment (T-CAT) for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

METHODS:
This was a retrospective, non-comparative case series study of 25 patients (40 eyes) with low to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism who underwent topography-guided custom PRK with the Wave-Light EX500 excimer laser platform (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). The customized treatment plan was based on Topolyzer Vario topography system (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) data. The patients were observed for 6 months after the procedure.

RESULTS:

The surgery significantly reduced the manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), sphere, and cylinder (
P
< .05) at 6 months of follow-up. Compared with the preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), 8 (20%) and 10 (25%) of 40 eyes gained one or more lines of postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Only 1 eye presented loss of one line of CDVA at 6 months postoperatively, which was due to delayed epithelial healing. Ten patients (15 eyes) reported symptoms related to dry eye and the vision of 21 patients (17 eyes) fluctuated during the first month.

CONCLUSIONS:
The T-CAT custom PRK procedure provided good early outcomes for treating patients with low to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(8):541–546.]
A word with the rich (James 5:1-6) - Part II
Authors: Alana O E 
Published: August 2018

This second and concluding part of this essay on “A word with the rich”, focuses on the social and historical milieu of the Letter of James with a view to appreciating the cultural context giving rise to the apostrophe handed down on the rich by the author of the letter. The texts containing the apostrophe are examined and the challenges they pose to the rich are explored for recommendation to today’s rich.
The Biblical exegesis of headship: A challenge to Patriarchal understanding that impinges on women’s rights in the church and society
Authors: Baloyi E 
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to try and find out the real meaning of man’ s (male) headship of women, since that can help us to define the deep meaning of gender equality. A brief historical background will be followed by exegetical remarks on Ephesians 5:21-22 which is one of the texts that explains something about the concept of “headship of man”. Secondly, the meaning will help us to shape our understanding as to how we should handle the issue of women’ s rights and gender equality in African Christian churches and families. The challenges that are faced by women because of the misunderstanding of the concept of headship will also be discussed. The movement of feminist theology and other movements are becoming vocal in African countries, because women feel that it is the church and the Bible which promote the subjection of women. Fiorenza (1986:67) says that oppression of women in society is a result of Christian male sexist theology.
An Endpoint Alexandrov Bakelman Pucci Estimate in the Plane
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe classical Alexandrov–Bakelman–Pucci estimate for the Laplacian states $$\begin{eqnarray}\max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|\leqslant \max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|+c_{s,n}\text{diam}(\unicode[STIX]{x03A9})^{2-\frac{n}{s}}\Vert \unicode[STIX]{x0394}u\Vert _{L^{s}(\unicode[STIX]{x03A9})},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$, $u\in C^{2}(\unicode[STIX]{x03A9})\cap C(\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}})$ and $s>n/2$. The inequality fails for $s=n/2$. A Sobolev embedding result of Milman and Pustylnik, originally phrased in a slightly different context, implies an endpoint inequality: if $n\geqslant 3$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$ is bounded, then $$\begin{eqnarray}\max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|\leqslant \max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|+c_{n}\Vert \unicode[STIX]{x0394}u\Vert _{L^{\frac{n}{2},1}(\unicode[STIX]{x03A9})},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $L^{p,q}$ is the Lorentz space refinement of $L^{p}$. This inequality fails for $n=2$, and we prove a sharp substitute result: there exists $c>0$ such that for all $\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}\subset \mathbb{R}^{2}$ with finite measure, $$\begin{eqnarray}\max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|\leqslant \max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|+c\max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}\int _{y\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}\max \left\{1,\log \left(\frac{|\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}|}{\Vert x-y\Vert ^{2}}\right)\right\}|\unicode[STIX]{x0394}u(y)|dy.\end{eqnarray}$$ This is somewhat dual to the classical Trudinger–Moser inequality; we also note that it is sharper than the usual estimates given in Orlicz spaces; the proof is rearrangement-free. The Laplacian can be replaced by any uniformly elliptic operator in divergence form.
Littérature de combat chez Mongo Béti ou le choix d’un réalisme militant
Authors: Pam Bocar Aly 
Published: August 2018

Les œuvres de fiction, on le sait, reposent principalement sur l’imagination. Pour autant, elles ne s’enracinent pas moins dans la réalité sociale dont elles aident ainsi à réfléchir les problèmes en les mettant en scène dans leurs moindres manifestations. « Le roman est un miroir formidable qui permet aux gens de prendre conscience d’eux-mêmes, de réfléchir sur leur condition et sur leur société. Ceci quelle que soit la situation du pays ». Telle était l’esthétique défendue par Mongo Béti pour dire qu’il y a toujours un rapport entre Histoire et littérature, réel et esthétique.
Fortement tirée de l’environnement social et de la vie quotidienne en général, l’œuvre de Béti offre souvent des espaces textuels qui se confondent avec les espaces de vie de son auteur.
Le matériau romanesque découle de la mise en commun d’éléments textuels et extratextuels qui constituent ce que Jauss nomme l’arrière-plan référentiel qui s’inscrit dans le texte comme cet ensemble de signes reconnaissables et identifiables par le lecteur. D’où de multiples éléments de création servant à la fois de référence au réel et au référent fictionnel.
La société politique et sociale de la fiction mise en scène par Mongo Béti semble souligner des points qui méritent d’être analysés afin appréhender la « marque de fabrique » de l’écriture bétienne. Celle-ci recoupe l’idée de progrès par son engagement ou la critique sociale, la production d’une vision du monde qui se veut précise et exhaustive (d’où le réalisme). Tels sont certains des aspects à élucider à travers Branle-bas en noir et blancetHistoire du fou.
Análise da temperatura aparente dos elementos da paisagem da microbacia Pedra do Índio em Alta Floresta-MT
Authors: Caioni Charles , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Cochev Jakeline Santos 
Published: August 2018

Tanto o desflorestamento quanto mudanças do uso da terra podem contribuir para a ocorrência de mudanças no clima local e regional. A redução da cobertura vegetal pode implicar na intensificação da seca, mediante ao aumento da temperatura aparente. Nesta conjectura, objetivou-se analisar a temperatura aparente da Microbacia Pedra do Índio (MPI), bem como sua associação com os diferentes usos/cobertura da terra. Para a elaboração dos mapas temáticos utilizou-se uma imagem LANDSAT (sensor TM), datada em 13/06/2010.A partir dos procedimentos de georeferenciamento, segmentação e classificação (executados no software SPRING) obteve-se das bandas 3, 4 e 5 os diferentes usos/cobertura, e da banda 6 a temperatura aparate. A pastagem consistiu no principal uso da terra na MPI, seguido da cobertura florestal. Houveram associações entre a temperatura aparente e os diferentes os usos da terra, ocorrendo os menores valores térmicos para ambientes hídricos e florestais, e maiores para áreas de pastagem plantada e solo exposto. Mediante a importância dos remanescentes florestais na perpetuação da disponibilidade hídrica da MPI, recomenda-se adoção de medidas que assegurem a proteção/conservação dessas áreas.
2018/16 Fixed-term employment of an actor for more than 18 years justifiable (GE)
Authors: Schreiner Paul , Voigt Jana 
Published: August 2018

2018/16 Fixed-term employment of an actor for more than 18 years justifiable (GE)
The German Federal Labour Court has held that it was justifiable for the employment of an actor to be limited in time because of the “type of work” involved and the fact that the work was with a film production company, even though the actor was given a number of fixed term employment contracts over around 18 years.
2018/19 Mobility clause precise enough in scope, even when covering possible future locations within France (FR)
Authors: Toumieux Claire , Ekrami Susan 
Published: August 2018

2018/19 Mobility clause precise enough in scope, even when covering possible future locations within France (FR)
A mobility clause must be sufficiently precise, but this condition can still be fulfilled even if the clause tries to cover both current and possible future locations of the company, provided any future locations are still within France and provided any change of location is justified by the needs of the business.
A review of factors affecting the welfare of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Santurtun E , Broom DM , Phillips CJC 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the expanding salmon industry, many farmers use production methods that could result in poor welfare of the fish at various points of their lifecycle. We have reviewed methods used for producing salmon for food with the aim of identifying and drawing attention to factors likely to affect farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare. In addition to water conditions and high stocking density at sea, other issues are important for fish welfare. Handling and transport of salmon between fresh- and seawater phases and before slaughter can have severe negative effects and research should continue to seek improved methods. Stocking densities in fresh- or seawater have substantial effects on the welfare of salmon and a reduction in densities should be considered in order to reduce fin damage in particular. Currently used feeding systems result in starvation for some fish and fin damage for others, hence new systems should be developed. Some on-demand feeding systems improve welfare. All farmed fish should be stunned prior to slaughter, not left to die of asphyxia. Carbon dioxide and electrical stunning methods do not always stun salmon humanely. The widely used methods of percussive stunning, manual or automatic, must be precise to effectively stun large numbers of fish. Welfare outcome indicators, such as fin damage, morbidity and mortality rate, should be used in standards and laws relating to salmon welfare.
Embryonic‐Like Mineralized Extracellular Matrix/Stem Cell Microspheroids as a Bone Graft Substitute
Authors: Fu Cuicui , Luo Dan , Yu Min , Jiang Nan , Liu Dawei , He Danqing , Fu Yu , Zhang Ting , Qiao Yiqiang , Zhou Yanheng , Liu Yan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNative bone extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by mesenchymal precursors provides an optimal biological framework, comprising structural collagen proteins and a microenvironment niche, which supports cell attachment and differentiation, and bone growth. Inspired by nature, the embryonic‐like mineralized ECM/stem cell microspheroids (MECS) are developed, in which self‐assembly of the stem cell microspheroids (CS) and mineralization of the self‐produced ECM occur simultaneously. The uniform‐sized MECS exhibit a solid spherical appearance with stem cells embedded inside, recapitulating the early stage of intramembranous ossification. Compared with pure CS, MECS show enhanced Young's modulus, cell viability, intercellular communication, and osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the capability of MECS is explored without the use of exogenous scaffolds to substitute and repair lost bone in rat critical‐sized defects. It is found that the MECS can achieve excellent bone regeneration outcomes with 97.99 ± 2.28% of the defect area filled with new bony structures and blood vessels, while nearly half or one‐third of the defect area is repaired by CS (52.79 ± 4.63%) or β‐tricalcium phosphate (38.09 ± 7.79%), respectively. The study demonstrates that embryonic‐like MECS is a novel effective bone graft substitute for bone tissue regeneration.
Interfaces Between Graphene‐Related Materials and MAPbI3: Insights from First‐Principles
Authors: Volonakis George , Giustino Feliciano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGiven the unique and complementary properties of halide perovskites and graphene, it has been a natural step to explore their combination for novel high‐performance solar cells. Within this research news the latest theoretical and computational works on interfaces between the prototype perovskite absorber methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) and graphene related materials (GRMs) are reviewed. In particular, recent works based on quantum‐mechanical calculations from first‐principles that probe the structural and electronic properties of interfaces between CH3NH3PbI3, pristine graphene, graphene‐oxide, and reduced graphene‐oxide are reviewed. How these studies investigate the fundamental mechanisms by which GRMs can improve perovskite based photovoltaics, and how these relate to the several available experimental studies that have clearly shown the positive effects of GRMs on both the charge extraction rates, and the stability of perovskite solar cells are discussed. Finally, the main challenges that remain to be addressed in order to model more realistic systems and further unravel the atomic‐scale details that underlie the properties of GRM/perovskite interfaces are discussed.
Printable Monodisperse All‐Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Banknotes Protection Applications
Authors: Wang Huanjun , Yao Weijing , Tian Qingyong , Li Mengxiao , Tian Bin , Liu Li , Wu Zhaohui , Wu Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAll‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have drawn great attention recently, which are newcomer materials for banknotes protection. Herein, CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PQDs are synthesized via one‐step hot‐injection method. It is interesting to find that the fluorescent colors can be tuned over wide visible spectra region of 506 and 636 nm by changing the ratio of halide ions. Then, the PQDs with strong fluorescence intensity, narrow full width at half maximum of 15–35 nm, and high quantum yields of 86.6% are formulated as fluorescent anticounterfeiting inks. Finally, the designable patterns are successfully printed on paper, polyethylene terephthalate, and banknotes by multiple printing techniques, including screen printing, inkjet printing, and roll‐to‐roll printing. The desired printed patterns are colorless under visible light but exhibit bright red, green, and cyan color outputs when exposed to 365 and 254 nm light. Moreover, the polydimethylsiloxane film of PQDs still emits bright color outputs even after 60 days. The excellent dual‐modal fluorescent properties make PQDs potential candidates in the field of banknotes protection.
Molecular Self‐Assembly Constructed in Physiological Conditions for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Cong Yong , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor the purpose of cancer theranostics, the performance and potential biosafety of drug/imaging agents remain major challenges. Although passive and active targeting strategies have been reported for effectively enhanced bioimaging or drug delivery performance, researchers are still looking for emerging methods for better targeting, accumulation, and penetration of solid tumors. The strategy for constructing supramolecular self‐assemblies in biologically relevant conditions may partially overcome these challenges. Regarding the biomedical applications, supramolecular entities with naturally dynamic and modular properties, are capable of constructing structurally and functionally diversified materials and meeting the requirements of biological complexity. Modules and integrated systems enable response to bio‐environment by the modification of their constitution through component exchange or reorganization. In this review, the authors summarize the self‐assembled nanosystems (nanoparticles, nanoaggregates, micelles, vesicles, nanofibers, hydrogels, etc.) in physiological/pathological environments and their applications in cancer theranostics. The authors focus on chemical structures, stimuli‐responsive bonds, and self‐assembly property of nanomaterials, which may offer a guide for the optimal design of self‐assembled nanomaterials in clinical cancer treatment and imaging.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted Tetrahydrofurans and Tetrahydropyrans via Double Michael Addition Strategy
Authors: Mondal Buddahdeb , Balha Megha , Pan Subhas Chandra 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn efficient organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of 2,3,4‐trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans has been developed using tandem iminium−enamine catalysis. The process comprises of a double Michael addition reaction between γ/δ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls and enals. The products of this reaction are obtained in high enantio‐ and diasteroselectivities and some further synthetic transformations have been performed.
Construction of Biaryl Scaffolds from Iodoarenes and C−H Heteroarenes Using an Amide Base Generated in situ from Aminosilane and Fluoride Anion
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Kai Yusuke , Yamada Tetsuya , Hayashi Kazutoshi , Nozawa‐Kumada Kanako , Denneval Charline , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIodoarenes and C−H heteroarenes are coupled to form a biaryl in the presence of an amide base generated in situ from tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) by homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS). This reaction can be used with electron‐rich, ‐deficient, and ortho‐substituted haloarenes. Both electron‐rich and ‐deficient C−H heteroarenes can also be utilized. Involvement of a radical intermediate was confirmed by radical inhibition experiments, deuterium‐labelling experiments, and EPR spectral measurements. Enhancement of the reactivity of electron‐rich N‐methylpyrrole was observed in the presence of electron‐poor phenazine or pyrazine.
Intrinsic Fluorescence of Metabolite Amyloids Allows Label‐Free Monitoring of Their Formation and Dynamics in Live Cells
Authors: Shaham‐Niv Shira , Arnon Zohar A. , Sade Dorin , Lichtenstein Alexandra , Shirshin Evgeny A. , Kolusheva Sofiya , Gazit Ehud 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe formation of apoptosis‐inducing amyloidal structures by metabolites has significantly extended the “amyloid hypothesis” to include non‐proteinaceous, single metabolite building blocks. However, detection of metabolite assemblies is restricted compared to their larger protein‐based counterparts owing to the hindrance of external labelling and limited immunohistochemical detection tools. Herein, we present the detection of the formation, dynamics, and cellular distribution of metabolite amyloid‐like structures and provide mechanistic insights into the generation of supramolecular chromophores. Moreover, the intrinsic fluorescence properties allow the detection of metabolite assemblies in living cells without the use of external dyes. Altogether, this intrinsic fluorescence of metabolite assemblies further verifies their amyloidal nature, while providing an important tool for further investigation of their pathological role in inborn error of metabolism disorders.
Bioinspired Artificial Nanodecoys for Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Liu Xuan , Yuan Lunzhi , Zhang Liang , Mu Yalin , Li Xiaoling , Liu Chao , Lv Peng , Zhang Yali , Cheng Tong , Yuan Quan , Xia Ningshao , Chen Xiaoyuan , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA facile route is presented for fabricating a new class of nanomimics that overexpress hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor by a natural biosynthetic procedure against HBV infection. A nine‐transmembrane HBV‐specific receptor, human sodium taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide (hNTCP), was engineered to naturally immobilize it onto the cellular surface and subsequently trigger the budding of hNTCP‐anchoring membrane vesicles (hNTCP‐MVs) that favor the HBV virion. hNTCP‐MVs could rapidly block HBV infection in cell models. Furthermore, hNTCP‐MVs treatment could effectively prevent viral infection, spreading, and replication in a human‐liver‐chimeric mouse model of HBV infection. Our findings demonstrate the receptor‐mediated antiviral effect of hNTCP‐MVs to trick HBV and offer novel opportunities for further development of antiviral strategies in nanomedicine.