bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kardiopulmonale Reanimation im Weltall
Authors: Schmitz Jan , Kerkhoff Steffen , Braunecker Stefan , Warnecke Tobias , Hinkelbein Jochen 
Published: August 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAufgrund der guten medizinischen Selektion, der guten körperlichen Konstitution und der engmaschigen, intensiven Betreuung sind relevante medizinische Probleme bei Astronauten im Weltall vergleichsweise selten. Bisher sind 5 relevante Methoden zur Durchführung von Thoraxkompressionen im Rahmen einer kardiopulmonalen Reanimation (CPR) in Schwerelosigkeit entwickelt worden. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Darstellung dieser 5 Techniken sowie das Aufzeigen von möglichen Problemen in Zusammenhang mit einer CPR im Weltall in Zukunft. Bisher liegen keine praktischen Erfahrungen zu einer Reanimation im Weltall vor. Alle bisher publizierten Studien wurden entweder im Parabelflug oder unter simulierten Bedingungen (z.B. Unterwasser oder in einem Aufhängeapparat) auf der Erde durchgeführt. Zukünftig sind, gerade für längere Raumflüge, weitere Analysen und detailliertere Vorgaben notwendig.
Postelectrocution Massive Brain Infarcts
Authors: Kareem Kaiser , Nayil Khursheed , Ali Zulfikar , Dar Bashir , Ramzan Altaf 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcute brain infarct is an uncommon complication of electrical injury, and only a few cases have been reported. A young man sustained a high-voltage electrical injury followed by a fall from height. Imaging revealed right hemibrain infarct. He was operated for that, but did not make much progress. Electric shock injury with the high-voltage current even for short period of contact may cause massive infarction of brain, and prognosis remains dismal.
Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Sclerotherapy for Venous Malformation of the Tongue: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Inbaraj Alfred , Keshava Shyamkumar , Moses Vinu , Koshy George , Ahmed Munawwar , Mammen Suraj , Selvaraj Dheepak , Premkumar Prabhu , Gupta Ashish , Agarwal Sunil 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purpose To study the safety and effectiveness of sclerotherapy with 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) in the management of venous malformation (VM) of the tongue.
Materials and Methods The clinical and imaging data of patients with tongue VM treated with STS sclerotherapy over a period of 15 years (2002–2017) were reviewed. Safety was assessed based on the incidence of minor and major complications. Effectiveness was assessed by clinical improvement (reduction in symptoms and size) on a 10-point scale.
Results The study included 44 patients (26 men and 18 women). The median age was 24 years at the time of treatment. Eight patients were lost to follow-up. Four patients (4 of 44, 9%) had complications including venous bleeding needing compression, self-limiting hematuria, significant swelling of the tongue requiring prolonged intubation, and arterial bleeding due to injury to the lingual artery. Clinical improvement was seen in 30 (30 of 36, 83%). The median clinical improvement was 4.5 on the 10-point scale, with a range of 1 to 8. Twelve (12 of 36, 33.3%) patients demonstrated 1 to 40% improvement in the lesion size and 18 (50%) had 41 to 80% improvement.
Conclusion Sclerotherapy with 3% STS is safe and effective in treating venous malformations of the tongue with minimal complications.
Diagnostik und Therapie der allergischen Rhinitis/Rhinokonjunktivitis
Authors: Kopp M. V. , Gerstlauer M. , Ankermann T. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie allergische Rhinitis (AR) ist die häufigste chronische Erkrankung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die AR wird zu häufig nicht diagnostiziert, nicht behandelt und in ihrer Bedeutung unterschätzt. Neben den charakteristischen Symptomen Niesen, nasaler Juckreiz, behinderte Nasenatmung und Rhinorrhoe belastet die Erkrankung auch durch Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität und Verschlechterung eines bestehenden Asthma bronchiale. Die Diagnose beruht auf Anamnese, charakteristischen Symptomen, Analyse der Sensibilisierung durch Haut-Prick-Test (HPT) oder Bestimmung spezifischer IgE-Antikörper und evtl. spezifischen Provokationstesten. Die Therapie besteht aus Allergenkarenz, Kochsalzspülungen, Pharmakotherapie mit Antihistaminika, Chromonen, Glukokortikoiden und der spezifischen Immuntherapie.
Ankle Joint Control in People with Chronic Ankle Instability During Run-and-cut Movements
Authors: Fuerst Patrick , Gollhofer Albert , Lohrer Heinz , Gehring Dominic 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite a considerable amount of research, the deficits causing recurrent sprains in people with chronic ankle instability are still unclear. Changes in frontal plane kinematics and decreased peroneal activation have been proposed as potential underlying mechanisms, but whether people with ankle instability show deficits in control of injury-relevant movements is not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyse ankle joint kinematics and kinetics as well as neuromuscular activation during dynamic change-of-direction movements. Eighteen participants with functional instability, 18 participants with functional and mechanical instability and 18 healthy controls performed 45° sidestep-cutting and 180° turning movements in reaction to light signals. During sidestep-cutting both instability groups displayed significantly lower inversion angles than controls when the trials with the highest maximum inversion angle of each participant were compared. In turning movements, participants with functional instability presented significantly lower average maximum inversion angles than controls as well as higher peroneal activation before foot strike than participants with both functional and mechanical instability. We theorize that the observed changes in movement kinematics of participants with chronic ankle instability are the result of a protective strategy to limit frontal plane ankle joint loading in potentially harmful situations.
Definitions of Resistant and Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infection and Disease in Transplant Recipients for Use in Clinical Trials
Authors: Chemaly Roy F , Chou Sunwen , Einsele Hermann , Griffiths Paul , Avery Robin , Razonable Raymund R , Mullane Kathleen M , Kotton Camille , Lundgren Jens , Komatsu Takashi E , Lischka Peter , Josephson Filip , Douglas Cameron M , Umeh Obi , Miller Veronica , Ljungman Per ,   Resistant Definitions Working Group of the Cytomegalovirus Drug Development Forum
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Despite advances in preventive strategies, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a major complication in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. CMV infection may fail to respond to commercially available antiviral therapies, with or without demonstrating genotypic mutation(s) known to be associated with resistance to these therapies. This lack of response has been termed “resistant/refractory CMV” and is a key focus of clinical trials of some investigational antiviral agents. To provide consistent criteria for future clinical trials and outcomes research, the CMV Resistance Working Group of the CMV Drug Development Forum (consisting of scientists, clinicians, regulatory officials, and industry representatives from the United States, Canada, and Europe) has undertaken establishing standardized consensus definitions of “resistant” and “refractory” CMV. These definitions have emerged from the Working Group’s review of the available virologic and clinical literature and will be subject to reassessment and modification based on results of future studies.
The Dynamical Mordell–Lang Conjecture for Skew-Linear Self-Maps. Appendix by Michael Wibmer
Authors: Ghioca Dragos , Xie Junyi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLet $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$, let $N\in{\mathbb{N}}$, let $g:{\mathbb{P}}^1{\longrightarrow } {\mathbb{P}}^1$ be a nonconstant morphism, and let $A:{\mathbb{A}}^N{\longrightarrow } {\mathbb{A}}^N$ be a linear transformation defined over $k({\mathbb{P}}^1)$, that is, for a Zariski-open dense subset $U\subset{\mathbb{P}}^1$, we have that for $x\in U(k)$, the specialization $A(x)$ is an $N$-by-$N$ matrix with entries in $k$. We let $f:{\mathbb{P}}^1\times{\mathbb{A}}^N{\dashrightarrow } {\mathbb{P}}^1\times{\mathbb{A}}^N$ be the rational endomorphism given by $(x,y)\mapsto (\,g(x), A(x)y)$. We prove that if $g$ induces an automorphism of ${\mathbb{A}}^1\subset{\mathbb{P}}^1$, then each irreducible curve $C\subset{\mathbb{A}}^1\times{\mathbb{A}}^N$ that intersects some orbit $\mathcal{O}_f(z)$ in infinitely many points must be periodic under the action of $f$. Furthermore, in the case $g:{\mathbb{P}}^1{\longrightarrow } {\mathbb{P}}^1$ is an endomorphism of degree greater than $1$, then we prove that each irreducible subvariety $Y\subset{\mathbb{P}}^1\times{\mathbb{A}}^N$ intersecting an orbit $\mathcal{O}_f(z)$ in a Zariski dense set of points must be periodic. Our results provide the desired conclusion in the Dynamical Mordell–Lang Conjecture in a couple new instances. Moreover, our results have interesting consequences toward a conjecture of Rubel and toward a generalized Skolem–Mahler–Lech problem proposed by Wibmer in the context of difference equations. In the appendix it is shown that the results can also be used to construct Picard–Vessiot extensions in the ring of sequences.
Evidence-based medicine and precision medicine: Complementary approaches to clinical decision-making
Authors: Chow Ngai , Gallo Lucas , Busse Jason W 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Evidence-based medicine is widely promoted for decision-making in health care and is associated with improved patient outcomes. Critics have suggested that evidence-based medicine focuses primarily on groups of patients rather than individuals, but often fail to consider subgroup analyses, N-of-1 trials, and the incorporation of patient values and preferences. Precision medicine has been promoted as an approach to individualize diagnosis and treatment of diseases through genetic, biomarker, phenotypic, and psychosocial characteristics. However, there are often high costs associated with personalized medicine, and high-quality evidence is lacking for effectiveness in many applications. For the potential of personalized medicine to be realized, it must adhere to the principles of evidence-based medicine: (1) evidence in isolation is not sufficient to make clinical decisions—patient’s values and preferences as well as resource implications must be considered, and (2) there is a hierarchy of evidence to guide clinical decision-making and studies at lower risk of bias are likely to provide more trustworthy findings.
Calcinosis in scleroderma
Authors: Valenzuela Antonia , Song Paula , Chung Lorinda 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of reviewTo provide an update on the available literature regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of calcinosis cutis in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Recent findingsWe identified observational studies that describe the frequency of calcinosis in SSc and associated clinical features; molecular studies exploring potential pathogenic mechanisms; and case reports and case series describing new diagnostic approaches and treatments.SummaryCalcinosis cutis is the deposition of insoluble calcium in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It represents a major clinical problem in patients with SSc affecting at least one quarter of patients. It is associated with longer disease duration, digital ulcers, acro-osteolysis, positive anticentromere antibody, and positive anti-PM/Scl antibody. Although pathogenesis is unknown, there is evidence supporting local trauma, chronic inflammation, vascular hypoxia, and dysregulation of bone matrix proteins as potential mechanisms. Diagnosis can be made clinically or with plain radiography. Several pharmacologic therapies have been tried for calcinosis with variable and modest results, but surgical excision of calcium deposits remains the mainstay of treatment.
Liposuction Gives Complete Reduction of Arm Lymphedema following Breast Cancer Treatment—A 5-year Prospective Study in 105 Patients without Recurrence
Authors: Hoffner Mattias , Ohlin Karin , Svensson Barbro , Manjer Jonas , Hansson Emma , Troëng Thomas , Brorson Håkan 
Published: August 2018

Background:Arm lymphedema is a well-recognized complication after breast cancer surgery that negatively impacts patients’ quality of life, both physiologically and psychologically. Lymph stasis and inflammation result in excess formation of adipose tissue, which makes removal of the deposited subcutaneous fat necessary to eliminate the excess volume. Liposuction, combined with postoperative controlled compression therapy (CCT), is the only treatment that gives complete reduction of the excess volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 5-year results after liposuction in combination with CCT.Methods:Patients consecutively operated on between 1993 and 2012 were identified from the lymphedema registry, comprising all patients with nonpitting lymphedema treated with liposuction and CCT in our department. Standardized forms were used to collect pre-, peri-, and postoperative data.Results:One hundred five women with nonpitting edema were treated. The mean interval between the breast cancer operation and lymphedema start was 2.9 ± 5.0 years, the mean duration of lymphedema was 10 ± 7.4 years, and the preoperative mean excess volume was 1,573 ± 645 ml. The mean volume aspirated was 1,831 ± 599 ml. Postoperative mean reduction 5 years postoperatively was 117% ± 26% as compared with the healthy arm.Conclusion:Liposuction is an effective method for the treatment of chronic, nonpitting, arm lymphedema resistant to conservative treatment. The volume reduction remains complete after 5 years.
Is It Time to Give Athletes a Voice in the Dissemination Strategies of Concussion-Related Information? Exploratory Examination of 2444 Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Beakey Mark , Keenan Brian , Tiernan Stephen , Collins Kieran 
Published: August 2018

Objective:The objective of the research was to screen male and female adolescent athletes on their concussion educational histories and preferred future methods of education in terms of educational messenger, modality, and concussion-related areas of interest.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Examination setting within the classroom.Participants:Adolescent male (n = 1854) and female (n = 590) athletes aged 12 to 18 years.Main Outcome Measures:To explore the concussion educational histories and preferred future methods of education in Irish male and female adolescent athletes.Results:19.7% (n = 482) of the sample received education in the past 12 months. Male athletes had a significantly higher rate of previous education than female athletes (41% vs 17%). The methods used in previous educational interventions are failing to match the interests of the athletes. Sex played a significant role in the preferred educational methods, as male and female athletes had significant differences in their choice of educational messenger, modality, and concussion-related areas of interest.Conclusions:The current disparity in previous concussion education rates between male and female adolescent athletes should be addressed. Forthcoming research should explore the efficacy of tailoring knowledge translation strategies to match the specific needs of the recipient.
Temporal Trends and Risk Factors for Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Uche-Anya Eugenia N. , DeCuir Nicole , Lebwohl Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Colonoscopy is effective for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, yet patients may develop CRC despite adhering to screening/surveillance intervals. There are limited data on predictive factors associated with these postcolonoscopy CRCs (PCCRCs). We aimed to measure PCCRC rates and identify risk factors for PCCRC.

Methods:
We performed a case-control study, comparing patients with PCCRCs to spontaneous CRCs diagnosed during a 12.5-year period at an academic medical center. PCCRCs were defined as CRCs diagnosed in between guideline-recommended screening/surveillance intervals.

Results:
During the 12.5-year period, of 1266 CRCs diagnosed, 122 (10%) were PCCRCs. 70% of PCCRCs were diagnosed within 5 years of a prior colonoscopy. There was an increasing trend for PCCRC rates in recent years [odds ratio (OR), 2.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.51-5.09], with PCCRCs comprising 13.6% of cancers diagnosed in 2016 as compared with 5.7% of cancers diagnosed in 2005. Older age (OR per year, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04), proximal colonic location (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.20-3.33) and early stage (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.34-4.95) were associated with PCCRCs. In total, 41% of PCCRCs were diagnosed by a different physician from the physician who did the prior colonoscopy, and 42% of physicians did not diagnose any of their PCCRC cases.

Conclusions:
PCCRC rates are rising in recent years, likely reflecting the widespread adoption of colonoscopy as a primary screening tool, and are more common in older patients and those with proximal, early-stage tumors. The finding that a large proportion of PCCRCs are diagnosed by a different physician raises the concern that physicians are unaware of their own patients’ PCCRCs.
sierra-local: A lightweight standalone application for secure HIV-1 drug resistance prediction
Authors: Ho Jasper C , Ng Garway T , Renaud Mathias , Poon Art FY 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenotypic resistance interpretation systems for the prediction and interpretation of HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance are an important part of the clinical management of HIV-1 infection. Current interpretation systems are generally hosted on remote webservers that enable clinical laboratories to generate resistance predictions easily and quickly from patient HIV-1 sequences encoding the primary targets of modern antiretroviral therapy. However they also potentially compromise a health provider’s ethical, professional, and legal obligations to data security, patient information confidentiality, and data provenance. Furthermore, reliance on web-based algorithms makes the clinical management of HIV-1 dependent on a network connection. Here, we describe the development and validation ofsierra-local, an open-source implementation of the Stanford HIVdb genotypic resistance interpretation system for local execution, which aims to resolve the ethical, legal, and infrastructure issues associated with remote computing. This package reproduces the HIV-1 resistance scoring by the web-based Stanford HIVdb algorithm with a high degree of concordance (99.997%) and a higher level of performance than current methods of accessing HIVdb programmatically.
Balancing dynamic tradeoffs drives cellular reprogramming
Authors: Babos Kimberley N. , Galloway Kate E. , Kisler Kassandra , Zitting Madison , Li Yichen , Quintino Brooke , Chow Robert H. , Zlokovic Berislav V. , Ichida Justin K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough cellular reprogramming continues to generate new cell types, reprogramming remains a rare cellular event. The molecular mechanisms that limit reprogramming, particularly to somatic lineages, remain unclear. By examining fibroblast-to-motor neuron conversion, we identify a previously unappreciated dynamic between transcription and replication that determines reprogramming competency. Transcription factor overexpression forces most cells into states that are refractory to reprogramming and are characterized by either hypertranscription with little cell division, or hyperproliferation with low transcription. We identify genetic and chemical factors that dramatically increase the number of cells capable of both hypertranscription and hyperproliferation. Hypertranscribing, hyperproliferating cells reprogram at 100-fold higher, near-deterministic rates. We demonstrate that elevated topoisomerase expression endows cells with privileged reprogramming capacity, suggesting that biophysical constraints limit cellular reprogramming to rare events.
A feedback loop between miRNA-155, Programmed cell death 4 and Activation Protein-1 modulates the expression of miR-155 and tumorigenesis in tongue cancer
Authors: Zargar Shabir , Tomar Vivek , Shyamsundar Vidyarani , Vijayalakshmi Ramshankar , Somasundaram Kumaravel , Karunagaran Devarajan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTmiR-155 is an oncomir, generated as a non-coding RNA from BIC gene whose promoter activity is mainly controlled via AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factors. We found that the expression levels of miR-155 and Pdcd4 exhibit inverse relationship in tongue cancer cells (SAS and AWL) and tumor tissues compared to normal FBM cells and normal tongue tissues, respectively. Insilco and In-vitro studies with 3’UTR of Pdcd4 via luciferase reporter assays, qPCR and western blots show that miR-155 directly targets Pdcd4 mRNA and blocks its expression. Ectopic expression of Pdcd4 or knockdown of miR-155 in tongue cancer cells predominantly reduces AP-1 dependent transcriptional activity of BIC promoter and decreases miR-155 expression. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-155 expression is modulated by a feedback loop between Pdcd4, AP-1 and miR-155 which results in enhanced expression of miR-155 with a consequent progression of tongue tumorigenesis. Further, miR-155 knockdown increases apoptosis, arrests cell cycle, regresses tumor size in xenograft nude mice and reduces cell viability and colony formation in soft agar and clonogenic assays. Thus, the restoration of Pdcd4 levels by the use of molecular manipulation such as using miR-155 sponge have important role in the therapeutic intervention of cancers, including tongue cancer.